Abstract:
A container ( 10 ) for shipping products has opposed end walls ( 11, 12 ) and opposed side walls ( 13, 14 ), each having an inner wall panel ( 16, 17  and  20, 21 , respectively) and an outer wall panel ( 18, 19  and  22, 23 , respectively) defining double thickness walls. The outer wall panels in the side walls are disposed orthogonally to the outer wall panels in the end walls to define a rectangular or square outer container configuration, and extension panels ( 25 a,  25 b) on opposite side edges of a first pair ( 16, 17 ) of the inner wall panels extend diagonally across interior corners of the container to define with the inner wall panels an octagonal inner container configuration. Bottom flaps ( 40, 41, 42  and  43 ) foldably connected to the bottom edges of the outer wall panels form a peripheral bottom wall ( 15 ), and include quick-lock detents ( 46, 47  and  52, 53, 54 ) to enable quick and easy set up of the bottom. In one embodiment ( 10 ′), a reinforcing panel ( 61 ) is formed in two of the inner wall panels, and is foldable to a position between the inner and outer wall panels, at the top thereof, to reinforce the walls of the container. A blank (B, B′) for making the container ( 10, 10 ′) is also disclosed.

Description:
[0001]     This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/473,206, filed May 23, 2003. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD  
       [0002]     This invention relates to containers, and more particularly to a one-piece shipping container made of paperboard and having an inner wall contoured differently than the outer wall, and a quick-lock bottom.  
       BACKGROUND ART  
       [0003]     Bulk containers made of various materials and in a variety of shapes are used for shipping, storing and displaying many products, including fresh produce such as watermelon. Bulk containers made of corrugated paperboard, in particular, are popular because of their relatively low cost, light weight and recyclability. Among these, bulk containers having an octagonal cross-section are in widespread use because of their strength and other desirable attributes. For example, an octagonal container has greater stacking strength and experiences less outward bulge of the sidewalls than a comparably sized rectangular or square container. On the other hand, square or rectangular containers better fit on and fill out the available space on the square or rectangular pallets commonly used with these containers. Square or rectangular containers also offer greater graphics capabilities than octagonal containers.  
         [0004]     Further, to reduce the cost of storage and shipment, many prior art containers are shipped to the point of use in a knocked-down or flattened condition, and then erected or set up into a ready-to-use condition at the point of use. Conventional constructions can be difficult to manipulate from a flattened condition to a set-up condition, resulting in increased labor costs and dissatisfaction.  
         [0005]     Examples of prior art octagonal containers are described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,139,196 and 6,386,437. These containers have an octagonal shape at both their inner and outer surfaces, and are shipped to the user in a flattened condition. They both incorporate a bottom locking structure intended to facilitate moving the containers from a flattened condition to a set-up condition.  
         [0006]     Examples of prior art containers having a square or rectangular outer shape are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,295,141, 4,151,948, 5,294,044 and 6,481,619. All of these except the &#39;619 patent also have interior diagonal corner panels to increase the stacking strength of the container.  
         [0007]     The diagonal corner panels in the &#39;141 patent are formed by extension flaps  7  on the side edges of end roll-over panels  6 . The roll-over panels also capture end flaps  4  on adjacent sidewall panels, and have locking tabs  9  on their bottom edges, which engage in openings  10  at the juncture of the end walls with the bottom wall to hold the roll-over panels and the sidewalls in place. Extensions  8  on the outer edges of the flaps  7  are reversely folded to lie along an inner surface of the adjacent sidewall and abut against the adjacent end wall.  
         [0008]     The diagonal corner panels  32  in the &#39;948 patent also are formed on opposite side edges of end roll-over panels  30 , which have a locking tab  22  on their bottom edges that engage in openings  23  to hold the roll-over panels in place. The roll-over panels also capture double-folded flaps  24  and  26  on the ends of sidewall panels to hold them in place.  
         [0009]     In the &#39;044 patent, gusset or pleat folds  64  at the junctures of adjacent side and end wall panels are folded together and glued to form a vertical reinforcement in the corners. The diagonal corner panels are formed by extension flaps  68  on opposite sides of opposed end roll-over panels  48  and  50 . Glue flaps  70  on the outer edges of the flaps  68  are glued to the adjacent side walls  24  and  28  to hold the diagonal corner panels in place.  
         [0010]     None of the foregoing patents discloses or suggests a bulk container that is shipped in a flattened condition and is set up at the point of use to form a container having a square or rectangular outer configuration and an octagonal inner configuration, wherein all four side walls, i.e., the side walls and the end walls, comprise inner and outer wall panels to form a double thickness wall. Further, none of the foregoing patents discloses such a double-walled container wherein the container is held in set-up condition solely by interlocking engagement of the parts, and further wherein the container has a quick-lock bottom structure.  
         [0011]     Accordingly, there is need for an easy to erect bulk container that has the strength of an octagonal container and the pallet-fitting shape and graphics capability of a square or rectangular container.  
       DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION  
       [0012]     The present invention comprises an easy to erect bulk container that has the strength of an octagonal container and the pallet-fitting shape and graphics capability of a square or rectangular container.  
         [0013]     The container of the invention has outer wall panels forming a square or rectangle in plan view, and inner wall panels and diagonal corner panels that form an octagon in plan view. The container thus has an outer shape that is best adapted to fit on a pallet, and an inner shape that provides the strength advantages of an octagonal container. Moreover, the square or rectangular outer shape provides increased graphics capabilities in comparison with a comparably sized octagonal container. As used herein, the terms “wall” or “wall panels” refers generically to the upright walls defining the perimeter of the container, and specifically includes two opposed parallel side walls or wall panels and two opposed parallel end walls or wall panels perpendicular to the side walls.  
         [0014]     Each side wall and each end wall of the container comprises both an outer wall panel and an inner wall panel, forming a double wall construction that provides greater strength and resists outward bulging of the walls due to the weight and pressure of material in the container. Further, in one embodiment of the invention two walls of the container include a reinforcing panel that can be folded into a position at the top of the walls to form a triple thickness structure in that area, providing even greater strength and resistance to outward bulging of the walls, particularly at the tops thereof.  
         [0015]     The container also includes a quick-lock bottom structure comprising a bottom-forming panel foldably joined to a bottom edge of each outer wall panel. Cooperating detent means on opposite side edges of the bottom-forming panels is automatically engaged when a first pair of oppositely disposed panels are first folded inwardly over the bottom, and the second pair is then folded over the first pair and pressed downwardly.  
         [0016]     The container is made from a single unitary blank of corrugated paperboard and is assembled in a flattened condition by the manufacturer for shipment to a point of use, where the container can be quickly and easily set up into a fully erected condition ready for use. The blank has an elongate rectangular shape and comprises first, second, third and fourth outer wall-forming panels foldably joined together along adjacent end edges, and forming first and second pairs of opposed outer wall panels in an erected container. First, second, third and fourth inner wall-forming panels are each foldably joined to a first side edge of a respective one of the four outer wall-forming panels. The inner wall-forming panels are separate from one another and in an erected container form first and second pairs of opposed inner wall-forming panels associated, respectively, with the first and second pairs of outer wall-forming panels.  
         [0017]     An extension panel is foldably joined to each of the opposite side edges of the inner wall-forming panels of said first pair, and form diagonal corner panels extending across the interior corners of an erected container. An assembly tab is foldably joined to the outer side edge of each extension flap, and in a container erected from the blank these tabs are captured between adjacent inner and outer wall panels of the second pair.  
         [0018]     A bottom-forming flap is foldably joined to each outer wall-forming panel along a second side edge opposite the first edge. The bottom forming flaps are relatively narrow and do not close the bottom of a container erected from the blank, but form a peripheral annular bottom wall around the interior bottom of an erected container, with opposed bottom-forming flaps spaced from one another, and with adjacent side edges of adjacent flaps overlapping one another. The flaps of a first pair of the bottom-forming flaps are disposed in spaced, parallel, opposed relationship to one another in an erected container, and a notch is formed in each of the outer corners of the flaps of the first pair, whereby the notches in one flap are in spaced, confronting relationship to the notches in an opposed flap. The flaps of a second pair of bottom-forming flaps extend perpendicular to and between the flaps of the first pair in an erected container, and have inwardly angled side edges terminating in a locking tongue on the outer free edges thereof. In an erected container, the locking tongue is engaged at its opposite side edges in the confronting notches in the side edges of opposed flaps of the first pair, with the tongue lying against an interior surface of the flaps of the first pair, and the angled side edges lying against an exterior surface.  
         [0019]     First openings or slots are formed in the fold joining the bottom-forming flaps of the first pair to said second side edge of respective outer wall-forming panels, and locking tabs are formed on the outer free edges of the inner wall-forming panels on the opposite, first side edge of said respective outer wall forming panels. In an erected container the locking tabs engage in the slots to retain the inner and outer wall panels in operative position. Second openings or slots are formed in the fold joining said inner wall-forming panels of said second pair to said respective outer wall-forming panels, and locking tabs are formed on opposite ends of said assembly tabs for engagement in said second openings and in at least some of said first openings, whereby the assembly tabs are locked at both ends in an erected container.  
         [0020]     In an alternate embodiment, a cut is made in each of said inner wall-forming panels of said second pair, forming a reinforcing panel that is foldably connected along one edge to the respective inner wall-forming panel. In a container erected from the blank, the reinforcement panel is folded up and between the associated inner and outer panels, extending at its free edge to the fold joining the inner and outer wall-forming panels, providing reinforcement at the upper edge of the wall of the container to further strengthen the container against sidewall bulge. Locking tabs on the outer ends of the free edge of the reinforcement panel engage in said second openings to help hold the container in erected condition.  
         [0021]     The container of the invention is exceptionally easy to set up into an operative condition, and to this end the quick-lock bottom can be quickly and easily folded into operative interlocked relationship simply by folding the bottom-forming flaps inwardly over the open bottom and pressing them downwardly (with the container inverted into an upside-down position), whereupon cooperating detent means on the flaps move past one another into a locked position. After the bottom is set up, the container is moved into an upright position, and the first pair of opposed inner wall panels are folded downwardly into the container to lie against an inner surface of the respective associated outer wall panels. The extension panels on opposite side edges of the first pair of inner wall panels engage adjacent walls and are deflected or partially folded so that they extend diagonally across the interior corners of the container. The assembly tabs on the outer edges of the extension panels lie against the inner surface of the adjacent walls when the first pair of inner wall panels are in their fully folded operative position, and at least one of the locking tabs on each assembly tab engages in an opening to hold the first pair of inner panels in folded position. The second pair of opposed inner wall panels, located orthogonally to the first pair, is then folded downwardly into the container to lie against an inner surface of the associated outer wall panel, whereupon the locking tabs on a lower end of the inner wall panels engage in slots to hold the second pair of inner wall panels in operative folded position, with the assembly tabs captured between the inner and outer wall panels of the second pairs. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]     The foregoing, as well as other objects and advantages of the invention, will become apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters designate like parts throughout the several views, and wherein:  
         [0023]      FIG. 1  is a top perspective view of a first form of container according to the invention, shown mounted on a pallet.  
         [0024]      FIG. 2  is a top plan view of the container of  FIG. 1 .  
         [0025]      FIG. 3  is a plan view of a blank for making the container of  FIG. 1 .  
         [0026]      FIG. 4  is a top perspective view of a container made from the blank of  FIG. 3 , with the blank shown in its partially assembled, flattened condition for shipment to a point of use.  
         [0027]      FIG. 5  is a bottom perspective view of the container of  FIG. 4 , shown expanded into an open tubular configuration and inverted so that the bottom is facing up.  
         [0028]      FIG. 6  is a bottom perspective view similar to  FIG. 5 , showing the bottom-forming flaps partially folded into operative relationship.  
         [0029]      FIG. 7  is a fragmentary, slightly enlarged bottom perspective view of the container, showing the bottom-forming flaps in a further folded position, with the flaps in the upper right-hand corner of the drawing fully engaged, and the flaps in the lower left-hand corner in position just prior to the locking tongue being pushed past the adjacent flaps for engagement of the locking tongue in confronting notches of the opposed adjacent flaps.  
         [0030]      FIG. 8  is a bottom perspective view of the container, showing the bottom-forming flaps in fully assembled relationship.  
         [0031]      FIG. 9  is a top perspective view of the container of  FIG. 1 , shown in an upright position with the bottom-forming flaps interlocked with one another and the inner wall-forming panels in an unfolded position.  
         [0032]      FIG. 10  is a top perspective view similar to  FIG. 9 , with one of the panels of the first pair partially folded into operative position, and showing how the extension panels deflect against adjacent outer wall-forming panels.  
         [0033]      FIG. 11  is an enlarged, fragmentary, top perspective view showing said one panel of the first pair in fully folded operative position, showing how the extension panel forms an interior diagonal corner panel, and showing the locking tabs at the top and bottom ends of the assembly tab, with the locking tab at the bottom end engaged in a slot at the juncture of a bottom-forming panel and an associated outer wall-forming panel.  
         [0034]      FIG. 12  is a top perspective view of the container of  FIG. 10 , with both panels of the first pair in fully folded operative position.  
         [0035]      FIG. 13  is a top perspective view of the container of  FIG. 12 , with one of the inner wall-forming panels of the second pair partially folded into operative position, and showing how, when this panel is folded into operative position, the locking tab on the top end of the assembly tab engages in the opening at the juncture of the associated inner and outer wall-forming panels.  
         [0036]      FIG. 14  is a top perspective view of a fully assembled container according to the first embodiment.  
         [0037]      FIG. 15  is a top perspective view of a fully assembled container according to a second embodiment in which the structure is identical to the first embodiment except for a reinforcing panel in a pair of opposed inner wall-forming panels.  
         [0038]      FIG. 16  is a top perspective view of the container of  FIG. 15 , showing the two inner wall forming panels that contain the reinforcing panel unfolded, with one of the reinforcing panels partially folded into operative position.  
         [0039]      FIG. 17  is an enlarged, fragmentary, top perspective view of the container of  FIG. 16 , showing one of the reinforcing panels folded into its operative position relative to its associated inner wall-forming panel preparatory to the inner wall-forming panel being folded into operative position.  
         [0040]      FIG. 18  is a top perspective view showing the inner wall-forming panel being folded into its operative position.  
         [0041]      FIG. 19  is an enlarged, fragmentary, top perspective view of the container of  FIG. 18 , showing the inner wall-forming panel and its associated reinforcing panel in fully folded operative position.  
         [0042]      FIG. 20  is a further enlarged, fragmentary, top perspective view of the container of  FIG. 19 , showing details of the interrelationship of the locking tabs and panels, and also showing the glue flap that is used to connect the opposite ends of the blank when forming the flattened, partially assembled container as shown in  FIG. 4 .  
         [0043]      FIG. 21  is a plan view of a blank for making the container of  FIGS. 15-20 . 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0044]     A first embodiment of a container according to the invention is indicated generally at  10  in  FIGS. 1, 2  and  4 - 14 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , the container is assembled to a pallet P. The pallet shown is for example only, and other pallet designs, e.g., for four-way access by the tines of a forklift, could be employed.  
         [0045]     The container  10  comprises opposite end walls  11 ,  12 , opposite side walls  13 ,  14 , and a narrow peripheral bottom wall  15 , and is made from a single unitary blank of corrugated paperboard, indicated generally at B in  FIG. 3 . As described more fully hereinafter, each side wall and each end wall of the container comprises both an outer wall panel and an inner wall panel, forming a double wall construction that provides greater strength and resists outward bulging of the walls due to the weight and pressure of material in the container. Further, as described more fully hereinafter, the container of the invention is designed so that it can be quickly and easily folded into operative position without requiring the use of separate fasteners or adhesive other than to assemble the blank into its folded flat condition shown in  FIG. 4 .  
         [0046]     The end walls  11  and  12  comprise inner wall panels  16  and  17 , respectively, forming a first pair of opposite inner wall panels, and outer wall panels  18  and  19 , respectively, forming a first pair of opposite outer wall panels. Similarly, the side walls  13  and  14  comprise inner wall panels  20  and  21 , respectively, forming a second pair of opposite inner wall panels, and outer wall panels  22  and  23 , respectively, forming a second pair of opposite outer wall panels. The inner wall panels are foldably connected to the outer wall panels in each wall along a pair of closely spaced fold lines  24  at the top edge of the respective wall.  
         [0047]     Extension panels  25   a  and  25   b  are foldably joined along fold lines  26  to the opposite side edges of the first pair of inner wall panels  16  and  17 , and form diagonal corner panels extending across the interior corners of the container. An assembly tab  27  is foldably joined along a fold line  28  to the outer side edge of each extension flap, and these tabs are captured between adjacent pairs of the second inner and outer wall panels  20 ,  22  and  21 ,  23 , respectively. Additionally, locking tabs  29  and  30  project from the ends of the assembly tabs, and these locking tabs are engaged in openings or slots  31  and  32  formed, respectively, in the fold  33  joining the outer wall panels  22  and  23  to the bottom  15 , and in the fold  23  joining the outer wall panels to the inner wall panels  20  and  21 .  
         [0048]     The second pair of inner wall panels  20  and  21  have spaced locking tabs  35 ,  36  and  37  along their free lower edge, and these tabs engage in the slots  31  and  32  and in a longer slot  39  spaced between the slots  31  and  32 , to hold the second pair of inner wall panels in their operative inwardly folded positions.  
         [0049]     Bottom-forming flaps  40 ,  41 ,  42  and  43  are foldably joined along fold lines  33  to the bottom edge of respective outer wall panels  18 ,  19  and  22 ,  23 . The bottom forming flaps are relatively narrow and do not close the bottom of the container, but form the peripheral annular bottom wall  15  around the interior bottom of the container, with a first pair  40  and  41  of the flaps disposed in spaced apart relationship on opposed sides of the bottom, and a second pair  42  and  43  of the flaps disposed orthogonally to the first pair.  
         [0050]     Notches  46  and  47  are formed in the outer corners of the flaps  40  and  41  of the first pair, whereby the notches in one flap are in spaced, confronting relationship to the notches in an opposed flap. Each notch is formed by a first cut  48  extending inwardly from a side edge of the respective flap and angled slightly rearwardly toward the associated wall panel, and a second cut  49  extending from the inner end of the first cut outwardly through the free outer edge of the flap in generally perpendicular relationship to the fold  33  that joins the flap to its associated wall panel.  
         [0051]     The flaps  42  and  43  of the second pair of bottom flaps have inwardly angled side edges  52  and  53  terminating in a reduced width locking tongue  54  on the outer free edges thereof. The locking tongue is engaged at its opposite side edges in the confronting notches  46 ,  46  and  47 ,  47  in the side edges of opposed flaps of the first pair, with the tongue lying against an interior surface of the flaps of the first pair, and the angled side edges lying against an exterior surface.  
         [0052]     The blank B has an elongate rectangular shape and comprises first, second, third and fourth outer wall-forming panels  22 ,  18 ,  23  and  19  foldably joined together in that sequence along fold lines  55  at adjacent end edges, and forming the first and second pairs of opposed outer wall panels in an erected container, as described above. First, second, third and fourth inner wall-forming panels  20   16 ,  21  and  17  are each foldably joined along fold line  23  to a first side edge of a respective one of the four outer wall-forming panels. The inner wall-forming panels are separate from one another and in an erected container form the first and second pairs of opposed inner wall-forming panels associated, respectively, with the first and second pairs of outer wall-forming panels.  
         [0053]     Extension panels  25   a  and  25   b  are foldably joined along fold lines  26  to each of the opposite side edges of the inner wall-forming panels  16  and  17  of said first pair, and form diagonal corner panels extending across the interior corners of an erected container. An assembly tab  27  is foldably joined along fold lines  28  to the outer side edge of each extension flap, and in a container erected from the blank these tabs are captured between adjacent inner and outer wall panels of the second pair.  
         [0054]     Bottom-forming flaps  40 ,  42 ,  41  and  43  are foldably joined, in that sequence, along fold line  33  to respective outer wall-forming panels  22 ,  18 ,  23  and  19  along a second side edge opposite the first edge.  
         [0055]     Notches  46  and  47  are formed in the outer corners of the first pair of flaps  40  and  41 . Each notch is formed by a first cut  48  extending inwardly from a side edge of the respective flap and angled slightly rearwardly toward the associated wall panel, and a second cut  49  extending from the inner end of the first cut outwardly through the free outer edge of the flap in generally perpendicular relationship to the fold  33  that joins the flap to its associated wall panel.  
         [0056]     The flaps  42  and  43  of the second pair of bottom-forming flaps have inwardly angled side edges  52  and  53  terminating in a reduced width locking tongue  54  on the outer free edges thereof. When a container is erected from the blank, the locking tongue is engaged at its opposite side edges in the confronting notches  46 ,  46  and  47 ,  47  in the side edges of opposed flaps of the first pair, with the tongue lying against an interior surface of the flaps of the first pair, and the angled side edges lying against an exterior surface.  
         [0057]     In an alternate embodiment indicated generally at  10 ′ in  FIGS. 15-21 , a shaped cut  60  is made in each of the inner wall panels  20 ′ and  21 ′ of said second pair, forming a reinforcing panel  61  that is foldably connected along one edge  62  to the respective inner wall-forming panel. The reinforcement panel is folded up and between the associated inner and outer panels, extending at its free edge  63  to the fold  23  joining the inner and outer wall panels, providing reinforcement at the upper edge of the wall of the container to further strengthen the container against sidewall bulge. Locking tabs  64  and  65  on the outer ends of the free edge of the reinforcement panels engage in the openings  32  to help hold the container in erected condition.  
         [0058]     The blank B′ for making the alternate embodiment is identical in all respects to the blank B, except for the cut  60  and reinforcing panel  61  and associated components as described immediately above.  
         [0059]     To set up the container from the flattened condition shown in  FIG. 4 , the container is opened up into a tubular configuration and placed upside down as shown in  FIG. 5 . The bottom-forming panels  40  and  41  along opposite sides are first folded inwardly as shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , and the bottom-forming panels  42  and  43  are then folded inwardly over the adjacent ends of the panels  40  and  41  and pressed downwardly to force the tongues  54  past the panels  40  and  41 , with opposite side edges of the tongues engaged in the notches  46  and  47  in the opposite side edges of the panels  40  and  41 . Pressure is then released on the panels  42  and  43 , permitting them to spring back up into the locked position shown in  FIG. 8 .  
         [0060]     The container is then turned right side up, as shown in  FIG. 9 . Panels  16  and  17  are first folded inwardly and downwardly into the container until the panels  16  and  17  lie against the inside surface of panels  18  and  19  and the locking tabs  29  on the bottom ends of assembly flaps  27  are engaged in slots  31 , as shown in  FIGS. 10 and 11 . Panels  20  and  21  are then folded inwardly and downwardly into the container until the panels lie against the inside surface of panels  22  and  23  and the locking tabs  35 ,  36  and  37  are engaged in the slots  31  and  39 . In this position, the opposite side edges of the panels  20  and  21  overlie the assembly panels  27 , capturing the panels  27  between the inner and outer panels  20 ,  22  and  21 ,  23 , with the tabs  30  on the upper ends of the panels  27  engaged in the slots  32 .  
         [0061]     Identical steps are followed with the second embodiment shown in  FIGS. 15-21 , except that prior to folding the panels  20 ′ and  21 ′ into the container, the reinforcing panels  61  are first folded about edge  62  to position the free edge  63  of the reinforcing panel adjacent the juncture of panels  20 ′ and  22 . Then, when the panels  20 ′ and  21 ′ are folded into the container, the tabs  64  and  65  on the outer end edges thereof engage in the slots  32  and the reinforcing panels are captured between the inner and outer panels  20 ′,  22  and  21 ′,  23 .  
         [0062]     In a specific example of a container according to the invention, the container is about four feet long, three feet wide and two feet high, and the diagonal corner panels have a width of about six inches. In the second embodiment described herein, the reinforcing panel has a height or width from its folding connection with the associated wall panel to the free edge of the reinforcing panel of about eight inches, and the folding connection is spaced slightly more than eight inches from the fold connecting that inner wall panel to its associated outer wall panel. However, it is to be understood that the container can have various dimensions to suit a particular need, and the particular dimensions and/or scale as described are not intended to be limiting.  
         [0063]     Although particular embodiments of the invention are illustrated and described in detail herein, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and intent of the invention as defined by the scope of the appended claims.