Abstract:
The invention relates to a roll for a paper or board machine comprising axle journals on whose support the roll is arranged to revolve, end flanges with which the axle journals are connected, and a mantle which is connected with the end flanges. The mantle is provided with a number of openings extending through the mantle and/or recesses formed into the outer surface of the mantle, which openings and/or recesses form a regular pattern. Solid connecting portions in the outer surface of the mantle around said openings and/or recesses are opened so that, from each opening and/or recess, there is a connection, provided in the form of a groove or an additional recess extending into the outer surface of the roll mantle, with at least each of the openings and/or recesses adjacent to it.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION— 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/581,279 filed Jun. 9, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,402,896 which issued on Jun. 11, 2002. entitled “Roll for a Paper or Board Machine” which is a 371 of PCT/FI98/00942 filed Dec. 3, 1998. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a roll for a paper or board machine, and in particular to a roll of the type having a number of openings extending through the mantle. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In paper or board machines, a web forming section employs mainly suction rolls which usually comprise a perforated roll mantle attached to end flanges at the ends of the roll. The end flanges are in turn journalled rotatably on attachment flanges situated at the ends of the roll and attached to the frame of the machine. Inside the roll mantle, there may be a static suction box attached to the attachment flanges enabling suction to be applied to a given sector of the suction roll. The interior of the roll may also be empty, in which case suction is applied to the entire circumference of the roll mantle. The ends of the roll are provided with ducts by which an external source of negative pressure can be connected to the roll. Moreover, bores extending through the roll mantle are normally provided, in the outer surface of the mantle, with countersinks by means of which the unbroken connecting portions surrounding the holes of the bores in the outer surface of the roll mantle are made smaller and the open area of the outer surface of the roll mantle is increased. 
     The press section of paper or board machines in turn employs rolls which have a roll mantle that is perforated or provided with blinded bores. In that case, the interior of the roll is not necessarily connected to a separate source of negative pressure. In a press nip, water is sucked into the holes, blind-drilled bores or other recesses of the roll mantle and removed from them after the press nip by means of the centrifugal force. In order to reduce the contact pressure, the mantle of press section rolls is normally coated with a material that is softer than steel, for example, with some rubber-like material. The blind-drilled bores in a roll provided with a coated mantle may extend some distance into the steel mantle or merely into the coating depending on a desired volume of the bores. Moreover, both through bores and blind-drilled bores are normally provided with countersinks in the outer surface of the mantle for reducing the size of the unbroken connecting portions that surround the holes or recesses in the outer surface of the roll mantle and for enlarging the open area of the outer surface of the roll mantle. 
     Around the perforations of the roll mantle on the outer surface of the roll mantle, despite holes, blind-drilled bores or recesses, there remain relatively large unbroken connecting portions at which the suction effect is weaker. For this reason, said unbroken outer surface of the roll mantle causes marking in the paper web. 
     One solution to his marking problem has been to provide the roll mantle, for example, with a coarse wire net, by which the open surface of the outer face of the roll mantle has been increased. The wire net or a wire sock is mostly made of plastic and it is attached in place by shrinking to form the outermost layer of the roll. The manufacture of such a wire sock and its fitting to the outer face of the roll mantle constitute an additional work stage in the manufacture of the roll. In addition, the wire sock wears in use and thus it has to be replaced at certain intervals. 
     It is also known to mount on the roll mantle a separate honeycomb arrangement made of metal by means of which the open surface of the outer face of the roll mantle is enlarged. It is difficult to fasten this kind of metal honeycomb to the face of the roll mantle and it may become detached in use. 
     DE patent 21 40 776 discloses a suction roll of a paper machine comprising a mantle stiffened against bending and a perforation extending through the mantle of the roll and forming a certain pattern. Additionally, the mantle surface of the roll is provided with grooves that connect a row of holes so that a symmetrical embossed pattern of the surface is formed in practice. The hole area in the surface of the roll mantle is over 50% and it may be nearly 90% of the total area of the roll mantle. It is also stated in the publication that some of the above-mentioned holes may be blind-drilled bores or that, in addition to the above-mentioned holes, blind-drilled bores are made into the surface of the mantle for improving the water retention capacity of the roll. 
     In this arrangement, the connecting surface of the walls between two adjacent grooves in the surface of the mantle forms a solid connecting portion supporting the wire or equivalent. 
     The problem in this arrangement of DE patent 21 40 776 is the solid connecting portions at which the suction effect of the roll is weaker. These solid connecting portions constitute an obstruction to the free flow of water into the holes or blind-drilled bores. 
     The arrangement in accordance with the invention provides an essential improvement over the prior art arrangements. 
     OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The roll in accordance with the invention provides a very good and even flow of water into the holes extending through the mantle of the roll and/or into the blind-drilled bores and/or equivalent openings situated in the outer surface of the roll mantle. Moreover, in the roll in accordance with the invention, no separate wire sock is needed on the outer surface of the roll mantle. The open area of the outer surface of the mantle of the roll in accordance with the invention is about 70-90% depending on the application. 
     The arrangement of the invention may be used in a roll of a paper or board machine which comprises either openings extending through the roll mantle, e.g. through bores, or recesses formed into the outer surface of the mantle, e.g. blind-drilled bores, or a combination of them. Such rolls are used, for example, in a web former and in a press section. The invention may be used in a suction roll where suction is applied to the circumference of the entire mantle or in a suction roll having a static suction box by means of which suction is applied to a given sector of the roll. The arrangement in accordance with the invention may also be used in a roll which employs no external source of negative pressure, by which a negative pressure is maintained in the interior of the roll. In that case, the water that is being removed from the web is transferred into the holes and/or blind-drilled bores of the roll mantle at the point of compression by the action of a pressure difference produced in the wire or equivalent supporting the web. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figures in the accompanying drawings, to the details of which the invention is, however, not intended to be exclusively confined. 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a suction roll. 
     FIG. 2A shows one embodiment of a surface pattern in a mantle of a roll in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 2B shows a cross-section of the roll mantle of FIG.  2 A. 
     FIG. 3 shows a variant of the embodiment of FIG.  2 A. 
     FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of a surface pattern in a mantle of a roll in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of a surface pattern in a mantle of a roll in accordance with the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 is a view of principle of a suction roll where the arrangement in accordance with the invention may be used. The suction roll comprises a roll mantle  11 , which is rotatably journalled on axle journals  13 A and  13 B connected to the roll mantle  11  through end flanges  12 A and  12 B. The roll mantle  11  has perforations  15  which are formed of numerous holes  15  extending through the roll mantle  11 . The figure shows only some of the perforations  15  of the mantle  11 . The interior of the roll here is empty, but inside the roll there may also be a suction box by means of which suction is guided to a given sector of the roll mantle. At least one  13 B of the axle journals comprises ducts which lead to the interior of the roll and to which an external source of negative pressure (not shown in the figure) can be connected. Air is sucked out (arrow P 2 ) by means of the source of negative pressure from the entire interior of the roll or at the sector formed by the suction box, in which connection a corresponding amount of air (arrow P 1 ) flows into the roll through the perforations  15  of the roll mantle. The perforations  15  of the roll mantle  11  may be composed of bores extending with the same diameter through the entire mantle  11  or countersinks may have been made into the bores in the outer surface of the mantle  11 , whereby the area of the holes  15  opening into the outer surface of the mantle  11  has been enlarged. The perforations  15  of the roll mantle  11  are advantageously formed to be spiral-shaped so that the holes are not situated in rows in the axial direction of the roll. By this arrangement, the emptying of the holes  15  of water and the subsequent filing of the holes with air can be arranged to take place stepwise in terms of time, whereby the noise caused by this can be reduced. The diameter of the holes  15  is generally about 2-5 mm and the diameter of the countersinks is generally about 2-15 mm. 
     FIG. 2A shows one embodiment of a pattern in an outer surface of a mantle of a roll in accordance with the invention. The holes and/or blind-drilled bores or their countersinks  15  situated in the roll mantle form a regular pattern in the outer surface of the roll mantle. Through a line formed by the centres of the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15 , it is possible to draw a curve which extends spirally along the outer surface of the roll mantle and whose angle of spiral relative to the axis X—X of the roll is α. In this figure, said angle α is about 45°, but in practical applications the angle of spiral α is, however, considerably smaller than 45 in order that the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15  shall not be placed in rows parallel to the axis X—X of the roll. In the example of FIG. 4, which shows another embodiment of the invention, the angle of spiral α is about 10°. The arrangement in accordance with the invention may in itself be used at any angle of spiral α and with any regular pattern formed by holes and/or blind-drilled bores. 
     The row formed by the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15  in a first direction S 1  in FIG. 2A is connected by means of a first groove  16  formed into the outer surface of the roll mantle and the row formed by these holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15  in a second direction S 2  is connected by means of a second groove  17  formed into the outer surface of the roll mantle. This figure depicts only two adjacent grooves  16  running in the first direction S 1  and two adjacent grooves  17  running in the second direction S 2 . The width of the crossing grooves  16 ,  17  in the outer surface of the roll mantle corresponds substantially to the diameter of the holes and/or blind-drilled bores or their countersinks  15  in the outer surface of mantle. When the first grooving  16  is made into the outer surface of the mantle on the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15 , a solid connecting portion  16 ′ is formed between the adjacent grooves  16  in the outer surface of the mantle, which connecting portion prevents a free flow of water into the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15 . This solid connecting portion  16 ′ is broken by means of the second grooving  17  situated crosswise with respect to the first grooving  16  and formed on the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15 . In that case, between four holes and/or blind-drilled bores or their countersinks  15  closest to one another, there remains a square-shaped support point  18  for a wire or an equivalent support member of the web running on the surface of the roll, which support point is situated on a level with the original outer surface of the mantle. 
     By means of the arrangement shown in FIG. 2A, the open area of the outer surface of the roll mantle can be enlarged at its maximum by about 90% so that only the small square-shaped support points  18  support the wire running on the surface of the roll. From the edges of the square-shaped support points  18 , the surface of the mantle inclines into the mantle and opens into the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15  of the mantle, in which connection the water removed from the web is able to flow freely and evenly into the holes and/or openings of the mantle. 
     FIG. 2B shows a cross section of the roll mantle at the support points  18 . The cross section shows a profile of the grooves  16 ,  17  which is advantageously in the shape of a cone widening upwards to the outer surface of the mantle. The support points  18  are depicted here such that their outer surface constitutes a plane, which is the most preferable arrangement from the point of view of the manufacturing technique. In the arrangement that is the most preferable from the point of view of operation, the outer surface of the support points is hemispherical so that the edges of the square-shaped support points will not form a sharp angulation for the wire. The hemispherical surface provides a smooth support surface for the wire moving on the surface of the roll. The depth of the grooves  16 ,  17  is advantageously about 1.5-2 mm and they may be made into the outer surface of the roil mantle, for example, by turning, milling or knurling. 
     FIG. 3 shows a variant of the embodiment of FIG.  2 A. In FIG. 3, grooves  40 ,  41  formed in first Si and second S 2  directions are provided between rows of holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15  such that the edges of the grooves  40 ,  41  form a tangent to the holes and/blind-drilled bores or their countersinks  15  in the outer surface of the mantle. In this arrangement, around each hole and/or blind-drilled bore or their countersink  15 , there remain, in the outer surface of the mantle, four support points  42  for a wire or an equivalent member supporting the web. The open area of the outer surface of the mantle provided by this embodiment is not as large as that of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2A, but in this case, too, water moves relatively efficiently and evenly into the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15 . 
     FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of a pattern in an outer surface of a roll mantle in accordance with the invention. The holes and/or blind-drilled bores or their countersinks  15  situated in the roll mantle are shown in the figure as completely filled circles. In addition to the holes and/or blind-drilled bores or their countersinks  15 , circular grooves  30  are formed into the outer surface of the roll mantle. The grooves  30  are made such that the centre of each groove  30  coincides with the centre of the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15  and the centre radius of the grooves  30  is equal to the distance between the centres of the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15 . The centres of the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15  are situated in this example at the apices of an equilateral triangle. The outer surface of the mantle surrounding the holes and/or blind-drilled bores or their countersinks  15  can be opened by means of said grooves  30 . Connecting channels extending to the depth of the grooves  30  are thus formed between the holes and/or blind-drilled bores or their countersinks  15  in the outer surface of the mantle. In this embodiment, the wire or equivalent is supported by triangular support points  31 . The open area of the outer surface of the roll mantle can be regulated in this embodiment by regulating the width of the grooves  30 . This embodiment, too, provides an efficient flow of water into the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15 . 
     FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of a pattern in an outer surface of a mantle of a roll in accordance with the invention. In this embodiment, blind-drilled bores  50  are provided between holes and/or blind-drilled bores or their countersinks  15  such that each blind-drilled bore opens a connection to the closest holes and/or blind-drilled bores or their countersinks  15  surrounding it. By this means, the open area of the roll mantle can be enlarged. The size of the open area of the outer surface of the mantle depends in this embodiment, among other things, on what kind of pattern the holes and/or blind-drilled bores  15  form in the outer surface of the mantle. If blind-drilled bores  50  are made to the hole pattern shown in FIG. 4, a relatively large open area can be achieved, and if blind-drilled bores  50  are made to the hole pattern shown in FIG. 5, a slightly smaller open area is achieved. The support points supporting the wire are here denoted with the reference numeral  51 . 
     The claims are presented in the following and the details of the invention may vary within the inventive idea of said claims and differ from the disclosure given above by way of example only.