Abstract:
Dispensing assemblies, methods, and kits of parts for dispensing two separate fluids to an treatment site, including entraining non-atomized flow of a first fluid in an atomized flow of a second fluid, delivering a first fluid upstream from a second fluid, delivering a first fluid and a second fluid with re-shapeable malleable tubes, delivering first and second fluids with releasable connectors maintained by a handle assembly, and kits of parts with angularly offset pockets.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application claims the benefit under § 119(e)(1), and incorporates herein by reference an entirety of, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/673,701, filed Apr. 21, 2005 and entitled “Tip and Associated Dispenser.” 

   FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention is in the field of systems utilized to apply two or more separate fluids, including freely flowing fluids and viscous fluids or combinations thereof, by delivering them substantially simultaneously to a single location. More particularly, the invention&#39;s field concerns systems for simultaneously spraying two or more non-homogeneous materials from two or more syringes. 
   BACKGROUND 
   There are a variety of procedures that require the mixing of two or more substances before the mixed compound can be used. Often, the materials that are mixed are volatile, short lived, vulnerable, expensive, precious, unique or irreplaceable. 
   There are circumstances in which it is desirable to dispense liquid or semi-liquid materials in a predetermined ratio. The materials may include reactive, two component adhesives, sealants, coating, or potting compounds, in which one material may comprise a resin compound and the other material a catalyst. 
   Dispensers for two or more components are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,223,083; 2,112,160; 5,290,259; 4,609,371; 4,631,055; 4,735,616; 4,874,368 4,978,336; 4,979,942; 5,104,375; 5,116,315; 5,185,001; 5,290,259; 5,322,510; 5,368,563; 5,376,079; 5,464,396; 5,474,540; 5,520,658; 5,582,596; 5,584,815; 5,605,255; 5,643,206; 5,665,067; 5,887,755; 5,975,367; 5,989,215; 6,234,994; 6,394,982; 5,368,563; 6,454,739 and 6,132,396. 
   One dispensing application relates to fibrin. Clotting of blood in vivo takes place by conversion of the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into fibrin, which spontaneously polymerizes into an insoluble gel matrix that can attach to adjacent tissue. The gel matrix stops bleeding and stabilizes structures. Thrombin catalyzed conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin can be reproduced in vitro and has great utility for adhering tissues and achieving hemostasis. Such fibrin sealants and fibrin glues are available commercially and are also made in blood processing laboratories. Preparation and use of fibrinogen-based sealants have been extensively reviewed. 
   Fibrin sealants and fibrin glues and adhesives based on combining fibrinogen-containing solutions with thrombin-containing solutions are used to reduce bleeding and restore hemostasis during surgical procedures. They have been known and in use for many years during which fibrin technology has evolved significantly. For example, fibrin clots can be made using different concentrations of fibrinogen in conjunction with the thrombin solution. Subsequent developments in fibrin technology include cryoprecipitate fibrinogen. In some applications, concentrated plasma is used as the fibrinogen component in fibrin sealants. 
   Similarly, various types of applicators for fibrin glue are known. The chemical and biological properties of liquid resulting from combining fibrinogen and thrombin solutions are sometimes difficult to predict. Because of the rapid polymerization upon intimate interaction of fibrinogen and thrombin, it is desirable to keep these two blood proteins separate until application to the site of use. In practice, the two components are typically dispensed simultaneously from separate syringes and brought together by means of an applicator manifold. 
   With some known assemblies, a retaining means is used to maintain syringes carrying the dispensing materials. One retaining means includes a generally trough-shaped or sleeve-shaped retaining structure including appropriate troughs or sleeves for receiving the syringe bodies. In addition, the retaining means is provided with finger grips laterally projecting in opposite directions. The retaining structure can include elastically yielding snap-in projections that hold the syringe bodies. To actuate the pistons of the syringe bodies, a grip element is used. In particular, the grip element is connected to the pistons of the syringes for stabilizing and improving the guidance of the piston rods when actuating the syringe device. It has also been proposed to connect a guide rod with the common grip element. In order to improve tracking, the guide rod extends through a guide bore formed in the retaining means. 
   Methods for making platelet gels from blood or blood components are also well known. Platelet gels, devices suitable for manufacturing gels from blood components, and methods for making such gels are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,851,169; 6,444,228; 6,475,175; 6,589,153; 6,612,975; 6,596,180; 6,719,901; and 6,793,828 and U.S. Pat. App. Pub. Nos. 2004-0055937 and 2003-0232712. The entire contents of each of these patents and applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
   Dispensers suitable for applying a gel-like substance (e.g. a platelet gel) to a body are disclosed in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. Nos. 2002-0004038 A1 and 2003-0233067 A1. 
   Improvements in sprayer type applicator tips remain to be realized. For example, sprayer type applicator tips where a volumetric ratio of the two separate fluids to be dispensed is from 3:1 to 10:1 can encounter significant difficulties. In particular, in some spray applicator systems currently available, the larger volume fluid tends to atomize with ease while the lesser volume fluid will only drip or marginally atomize from respective spray nozzles. This problem can become even more significant when it is desired to have the two components mix as they are applied to a treatment site. Where there is a base media (e.g., platelet rich plasma) and an activator (e.g., thrombin) that can mix and create a fluid that can solidify or gel in as little as 2 seconds, prior art commercialized devices can encounter problems with clogging, providing optimal mixing, and achieving a desired spray pattern. 
   Additionally, some prior art bead type applicators use a form of hypodermic stainless steel needles to create the two lumens. Although this is effective, one significant shortcoming is that these are considered sharps and require great care in the handling, use, and disposal. 
   Yet another problem encountered in some prior art assemblies resides in retaining structure designs. Such retaining structures are used to hold the syringe barrels in a parallel state, but fail to hold an associated applicator tip attachment. This may lead to undesired leakage or separation of the syringe barrels and the applicator tip due to assembly errors or the forces encountered during use. 
   SUMMARY 
   One embodiment of the present invention provides a tip assembly for use in dispensing a first fluid maintained in a first syringe assembly and a second fluid maintained in a second syringe assembly to a treatment site of a patient. The tip assembly includes a connecting element and a tip element. The connecting element defines a first chamber configured to be in fluid communication with a first syringe assembly and a second chamber configured to be in fluid communication with a second syringe assembly. The tip element includes a nozzle and defines a first orifice and a second orifice. The first orifice extends from an origin to a terminal end with the origin in fluid communication with the first chamber. The second orifice extends through the nozzle from an origin to a terminal end with the origin in fluid communication with the second chamber. In terms of the relative position of the two orifices, the terminal end of the second orifice resides in a different plane than the terminal end of the first orifice. 
   Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of dispensing two separately maintained fluids to a treatment site of a patient. The method includes providing a fluid delivery system. The fluid delivery system includes a first syringe assembly maintaining a first fluid and a second syringe assembly maintaining a second fluid. The system also includes a tip element. The tip element defines a first orifice and a second orifice. The first orifice extends to a terminal end and is in fluid communication with the first syringe assembly. The second orifice extends to a terminal end and is in fluid communication with the second syringe assembly. The method also includes dispensing a first flow of the first fluid from the terminal end of the first orifice into a second flow of the second fluid from the terminal end of the second orifice, wherein the first and second flows differ in flow type. 
   Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a manifold assembly for use in fluid dispensing system for delivering two separately maintained fluids to a treatment site of a patient. The manifold assembly includes a mating fixture, a first tube, and a second tube. The mating fixture is coupleable to a first syringe assembly and a second syringe assembly. The first tube includes a flexible body and is in fluid communication with the mating fixture. The first tube is also fluidly coupleable to a tip assembly having a first orifice and a second orifice. The first and second orifices are for delivering a first fluid and a second fluid, respectively. The second tube also includes a flexible body with the second tube in fluid communication with the mating fixture and fluidly coupleable to the tip assembly. 
   Still another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of dispensing two separately maintained fluids to a treatment site of a patient. The method includes providing a fluid dispensing system. The system includes a first syringe assembly maintaining a first fluid and a second syringe assembly maintaining a second fluid. The system also includes a tip assembly defining a first orifice and a second orifice and a manifold assembly. The manifold assembly includes a first tube and a second tube. The first tube includes a flexible body and is in fluid communication with the first syringe and fluidly coupleable to the tip assembly. The second tube includes a flexible body and is in fluid communication with the second connector and fluidly coupleable to the tip assembly. In particular, the method includes cutting the first and second tubes to a desired length and fluidly coupling the first tube and the tip assembly, such that the first tube is in fluid communication with the first orifice. The method also includes fluidly coupling the second tube and the tip assembly, such that the second tube is in fluid communication with the second orifice. The first fluid is delivered from the first syringe assembly, through the first tube, to the first orifice and the second fluid is delivered from the second syringe assembly, through the second tube, and to the second orifice. 
   Another embodiment of the present invention provides a handle assembly for use in fluid delivery system for delivering two separately maintained fluids to a treatment site of a patient. The handle assembly includes a latitudinal member, a first connector, a second connector, and a longitudinal stem. The latitudinal member extends from a first end to a second, opposing end and defines a centerline between the two ends. The first connector is located at the first end of the latitudinal member and is releasably and fluidly coupleable to a first syringe. The second connector is located at the second end of the latitudinal member and is releasably and fluidly coupleable to a second syringe. The longitudinal stem extends from the latitudinal member at an offset to the centerline of the latitudinal member. 
   Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a kit of parts associated with a fluid dispensing system for dispensing two separately maintained fluids to a treatment site of a patient. The kit includes a first syringe, a first specimen cup, and a tray. The first syringe is for delivering a first fluid and the first specimen cup maintains the first fluid prior to delivery. The tray defines a bottom support surface for maintaining the tray in a horizontal position. The tray also defines a pocket for maintaining the first specimen cup in a vertically tipped position. In particular, the pocket defines an angular offset to the horizontal position. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of one embodiment fluid dispensing system in accordance with principles of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is an exploded, perspective view of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3  is a side view of one embodiment handle assembly assembled to embodiment syringe assemblies of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 4  is an exploded, perspective view of the handle assembly of  FIG. 3 ; 
       FIG. 5  is an exploded, perspective view of one embodiment manifold assembly of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 6  is a cut-away, perspective view of embodiment first and second tubes of the manifold assembly of  FIG. 5  cut-away along line  6 - 6  of  FIG. 5 ; 
       FIG. 7  is an exploded, perspective view of one embodiment tip assembly of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 8  is a perspective view of one embodiment connecting element of the tip assembly of  FIG. 7 ; 
       FIG. 9  is a bottom view of the connecting element of  FIG. 8 ; 
       FIG. 10  is a perspective view of one embodiment tip element of the tip assembly of  FIG. 7 ; 
       FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of the tip element of  FIG. 10 ; 
       FIG. 12  is a perspective view of another embodiment tip element in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13  is another perspective view of the tip element of  FIG. 12 ; 
       FIG. 14  is a perspective view of another embodiment tip assembly in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 15  is another perspective view of the tip assembly of  FIG. 14 ; 
       FIG. 16  is a perspective view of another embodiment tip element in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 17  is a perspective view of one embodiment kit of parts in accordance with the present invention; and 
       FIG. 18  is a front view of one embodiment tray of the kit of parts of  FIG. 17 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   One embodiment of a fluid dispensing system  10  is shown in  FIG. 1 . The fluid dispensing system  10  includes a clip assembly  12 , a first syringe assembly  14 , a second syringe assembly  16 , a handle assembly  18 , a manifold assembly  20 , and a tip assembly  22 . In general terms, the clip assembly  12  and handle assembly  18  can be grasped and manipulated to simultaneously actuate the first and the second syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  to deliver separately maintained fluids (not shown) from the syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  through the manifold assembly  20 , and to the tip assembly  22 . As will be understood in greater with reference to the text that follows, embodiments of the system  10  can provide advantages in mixing the separately maintained fluids upon dispensing them. For example, the system  10  can be used to dispense reactive therapeutic agents, medicaments, tissue sealants, and/or tissue glues, for example, platelet rich plasma and thrombin. 
   With reference to  FIG. 2 , in one embodiment the clip assembly  12  is configured to allow a user (not shown) to actuate the first syringe assembly  14  and the second syringe assembly  16  simultaneously. The first syringe assembly  14  and the second syringe assembly  16  can be of a type known in the art, including those used in various types of medical applications. The first syringe assembly  14  includes a syringe body  24  and a plunger  26 . The syringe body  24  defines a proximal end  28 , a distal end  30 , and an internal lumen (not shown) having a diameter and configured to maintain a volume of fluid. The plunger  26  is coaxially received in the internal lumen and defines a proximal end  32  and a distal end (not shown). 
   The second syringe assembly  16  includes a syringe body  36  and a plunger  38 . The syringe body  36  defines a proximal end  40 , a distal end  42 , and an internal lumen (not shown) having a diameter and configured to maintain a volume of fluid. The plunger  38  is coaxially received in the internal lumen and defines a proximal end  44  and a distal end (not shown). 
   The first syringe assembly  14  maintains a volume of a first fluid (not shown), such as a base fluid, e.g., platelet rich plasma (not shown), while the second syringe assembly  16  separately maintains a volume of a second fluid (not shown), such as an activator fluid, e.g., thrombin. In one embodiment, a portion of the syringe body  24  is color-coded and characterized by a color, for example red, while a portion of the syringe body  36  is characterized by a color, for example white. The colors of the syringe bodies  24 ,  36  can generally correspond to a color of the first and second fluids, respectively. The plungers  26 ,  38  can also be characterized by colors such as those described. The first syringe assembly  14  is configured to maintain a larger volume of fluid than the second syringe assembly  16 . For example, the syringe body  24  can define a greater diameter than the syringe body  36 . The first syringe assembly  14  and the second syringe assembly  16  maintain volumes of the first and second fluids, respectively to define a relative volumetric ratio. In one embodiment, the volumetric ratio of the first and second syringe assemblies  14 ,  16 , is 1:1; in another, the volumetric ratio is 3:1; in another, the volumetric ratio is 5:1; in another, the volumetric ratio is 10:1; and in yet another, the volumetric ratio is 11:1. However, it should be understood that other ratios can be equally acceptable, for example ratios in a range of 1:1 to 10:1, greater than 11:1, or less than 1:1. 
   In one embodiment, the system  10  is configured to deliver a higher volumetric flow rate of the first fluid (not shown) than a volumetric flow rate of the second fluid (not shown). For example, where the internal lumen (not shown) of the syringe body  24  is of a greater diameter than the internal lumen (not shown) of the syringe body  36 , simultaneous actuation of the plungers  26  and  38 , for example via the clip assembly  12 , results in a higher volumetric flow rate of the first fluid from the syringe assembly  14  than the second fluid from the second syringe assembly  18 . 
   With reference to  FIG. 3 , the handle assembly  18  can be described in greater detail. The handle assembly  18  includes a grasping portion  48 , a longitudinal stem  50 , latitudinal member  52 , a first connector  54 , and a second connector  56 . The grasping portion  48  extends from the longitudinal stem  50  and can help allow a user to simultaneously impart a force on the grasping portion  48 , for example with a middle finger (not shown) and a ring finger (not shown), and a complementary force on the clip assembly  12  ( FIG. 2 ), for example with a thumb (not shown). 
   With reference to  FIG. 4 , the longitudinal stem  50  defines a longitudinal axis X and, in turn, extends proximally from the latitudinal member  52 . The latitudinal member  52  extends between a first end  58  and an opposing second end  60  and defines a center between the first and second ends  58 ,  60  along a centerline Y. As shown the first and second connectors  54 ,  56  are opposingly located relative to the center at the first and second ends  58 ,  60 , respectively of the latitudinal member  52 . In one embodiment, the longitudinal stem  50  extends at an offset from the latitudinal member  52 . For example, the longitudinal axis X can define an offset distance O D  from the centerline Y. From this, it should be understood that the longitudinal stem  50  can also reside at an offset from the center between the first and second connectors  54 ,  56 . 
   With reference between  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the first and second connectors  54 ,  56  are configured to receive the distal ends  30 ,  42  of the first and second syringe assembly syringe bodies  24 ,  36 , respectively. For example, in one embodiment, the first and second connectors  54 ,  56  are luer fittings. As such, the first connector  54  can include a tubular portion  62  and a male fitting  64 . The tubular portion  62  is formed through the first end  58  of the latitudinal member  52  and defines a fluid passageway for conveying fluid (not shown) from the first syringe assembly  14 . In one embodiment, the first connector  54  is color-coded. For example, the male fitting  64  can be characterized by a color such as red. 
   In turn, the second connector  56  can also include a tubular portion  66  and a male fitting  68 . The tubular portion  66  is formed through the second end  60  of the latitudinal member  52  and defines a fluid passageway for conveying the second fluid (not shown). In one embodiment, the second connector  56  is color-coded. For example, the male fitting  68  can be characterized by a color such as white. 
   As shown in  FIG. 4 , the longitudinal stem  50  is situated at the offset distance O D  such that a larger sized syringe body (e.g., syringe body  24 ) can only fit on a predetermined side of the handle assembly  18 . For example, the offset distance O D  can be selected to restrict which syringe body  24 ,  36  can be coupled to which of the first and second connectors  54 ,  56 . In one embodiment, the longitudinal stem  50  is positioned relative to the first and second connectors  54 ,  56  such that the first syringe assembly  14  cannot be coupled to the second connector  56 . As will be understood in greater detail below, predetermining to which side the syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  are properly connectible can ensure that the first fluid (not shown) and the second fluid (not shown) are delivered to an appropriate part of the tip assembly  22 . 
   With reference to  FIG. 5 , the manifold assembly  20  includes a jacket  70 , a first tube  72 , and a second tube  74 . In general terms, the manifold assembly  30  is configured to facilitate fluid communication between contents of the first and second syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  ( FIG. 2 ) and the tip assembly  22  ( FIG. 2 ). 
   The jacket  70  includes a hollow sleeve  76  and a mating fixture  78 . It should be noted that in  FIG. 5 , the sleeve  76  is shown slid distally down the first and second tubes  72 ,  74  relative to the assembled configuration of the manifold assembly  20  shown in  FIG. 2 . With that in mind, the hollow sleeve  76  defines a proximal end  80  and a distal end  82 . The mating fixture  78  is configured to be coupled to the proximal end  80  of the hollow sleeve  76 , for example via a snap fit. The mating fixture  78  includes a first fitting extension  84 , a second fitting extension  86 , and a tube guide  88 . The first and second fitting extensions  84 ,  86  each define an inner lumen (not shown) configured to be fluidly coupled to the first and second tubes  72 ,  74 , respectively, and to mate with or otherwise be fluidly coupleable to the first and second connectors  54 ,  56  ( FIG. 3 ) of the handle assembly  18  ( FIG. 3 ). 
   The tube guide  88  is configured to assist in maintaining the first and second tubes  72 ,  74  within the hollow sleeve  76 . As shown, the tube guide  88  can be generally v-shaped or otherwise configured to secure and guide the tubes  72 ,  74  from a laterally spaced configuration at the proximal end  80  of the hollow sleeve  76  to an adjacent position at the distal end  82  of the hollow sleeve  76 . 
   With additional reference to the partially cut-away view of  FIG. 6 , the first and second tubes  72 ,  74  can be described in greater detail. In general terms, the first and second tubes  72 ,  74  can be distinctly formed, or can be formed jointly, for example with a thin piece of material connecting the first and second tubes together along a portion or entire length of the first and second tubes  72 ,  74 . The first tube  72  can be flexible, rigid, or semi-rigid. In one embodiment, the first tube  72  is semi-rigid, defines a proximal end  90  and a distal end  92  and includes a flexible body  94  and a bendable member  96  that is malleable. The flexible body  94  defines a first inner lumen  98  configured to receive and convey the first fluid (not shown). In one embodiment, the flexible body  94  defines a second inner lumen (not shown) configured to coaxially receive the bendable member  96 . In one embodiment, the flexible body  94  can be formed over the bendable member  96  such that the second inner lumen is defined upon formation of the flexible body  94  over, or about, the bendable member  96 . In another embodiment, the bendable member  96  can be inserted into the second inner lumen. 
   The flexible body  94  can be constructed from a flexible, sterilizable material such as PVC or polyurethane. An outer diameter of the flexible body  94  can be approximately 0.125 inches, although other dimensions are equally acceptable. The first inner lumen  98  and/or the second inner lumen (not shown) can define diameters of approximately 0.035 inches, although other dimensions are equally acceptable. The flexible body  94  can define a variety of lengths for adaptation to specific application needs. As will be described below, in one embodiment, the first tube  72 , including the flexible body  94  and bendable member  96 , can be cut (using surgical scissors, for example) to a desired length. 
   In one embodiment, the bendable member  96  is an elongate and malleable. For example, the bendable member  96  can be a malleable, re-bendable wire, such as a stainless steel wire. In this manner, the flexible body  94  can be provided with a malleable “backbone” to allow selective shaping, or bending of the first tube  72  such that the first tube  72  is semi-rigid. Due to the malleable nature of the bendable member  96 , the flexible body  94  can be selectively repositioned in different orientations which are independently retained by first tube  72  after repositioning. In this manner, the first tube  72  can be manually transitioned from a first non-bent state, to semi-rigidly define a first bend (not shown), a second bend (not shown), a third bend (not shown) and so forth. In one embodiment, the first tube  72  can be shaped to facilitate dispensing the first and second fluids (not shown) to a desired location. 
   In one embodiment, the first tube  72  is color-coded and characterized by a color, such as red. For example, the flexible body  94  of the second tube  72  can be red. Additionally, it should be noted that in some embodiments, a reduced diameter first tube  72  is desired. For example, the flexible body  94  can define a single inner lumen (not shown) and be characterized by the absence of the bendable member  96 . In this manner, in one embodiment the first tube  72  can be completely flexible. In terms of use, there are several applications where a longer first tube  72  of a smaller diameter and increased flexibility are preferred (e.g., for vascular insertion or for reaching remote treatment sites). 
   In one embodiment, the second tube  74  is substantially similar to the first tube  72 . For example, the second tube  74  can also define a proximal end  100  ( FIG. 5 ) and a distal end  102  ( FIG. 5 ) and include a flexible body  104  defining an inner lumen  105  and a bendable member  106 . In this manner, the flexible body  104  can similarly be provided a malleable “backbone” via the bendable member  106  to allow selective shaping, or bending of the second tube  74 . However, in another embodiment, the bendable member  96  of the first tube  72  can alone be used, without use of the bendable member  106 , to allow selective shaping of both the first and the second tubes  72 ,  74 . Regardless, in one embodiment, the second tube  74  is color-coded and characterized by a color, such as white. For example, the flexible body  104  of the second tube  74  can be white. 
   With reference to  FIG. 5 , the manifold assembly  20  can be assembled as shown in  FIG. 2  by fluidly coupling the proximal end  90  of the first tube  72  to the first fitting extension  84  of the mating fixture  78 , and the second tube  74  to the second fitting extension  86 . The first and second tubes  72 ,  74  can be directed out of the distal end  82  of the hollow sleeve  76 . The mating fixture  78  can then be secured to the proximal end  80  of the hollow sleeve  76 , for example via a snap fit. 
   With reference to  FIG. 7 , the tip assembly  22  includes a connecting element  108  and a tip element  110 . In general terms, the connecting element  108  is coupled to the tip element  110  such that the two are in fluid communication. In one embodiment, the connecting element  108  includes a sidewall  112 , and an endwall  114  forming a first distal projection  116  and a second distal projection  118 . 
   With reference between  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the sidewall  112  of the connecting element  108  defines a first chamber  128  and a second chamber  130 . The first chamber  128  is open opposite the endwall  114 . The first distal projection  116  has a hole  132  extending through the endwall  114  to the first chamber  128 . A channel  134  is formed in the endwall  114 , and in particular the first distal projection  116 , but not through an entirety thereof. The channel  134  extends tangentially from the hole  132  and defines a cross-sectional area. The channel  134  is approximately 0.003 to approximately 0.006 inches in width in one embodiment, although other dimensions can be equally acceptable. In this manner, the channel  134  is in fluid communication with the first chamber  128  via the hole  132 . As shown, the hole  132  can be a first one of a plurality of holes and the channel  134  can be a first one of a plurality of channels extending tangentially from a corresponding one of the plurality of holes. 
   The second chamber  130  can be similarly formed to the first chamber  128  with the second chamber  130  open opposite the endwall  114 . In one embodiment, the second distal projection  118  has a hole  136  extending through the endwall  114  to the second chamber  130 . A channel  138  can also be formed in the endwall  114 , and in particular the distal projection  118 , but not through an entirety thereof. The channel  138  extends a length tangentially from the hole  136  and defines a cross-sectional area. The channel  138  is approximately 0.003 to approximately 0.006 inches in width in one embodiment, although other dimensions can be equally acceptable. Regardless, the channel  138  is in fluid communication with the second chamber  130  via the hole  136 . Additionally, and as shown, the hole  136  can be a first one of a plurality of holes and the channel  138  can be a first one of a plurality of channels extending tangentially from a corresponding one of the plurality of holes. 
   With additional reference to  FIG. 7 , the tip element  110  includes a sidewall  140 , an endwall  142 , and a nozzle  144  extending from the endwall  142 . In general terms, the tip element  110  can also have a first orifice  146  and a second orifice  148 . 
   With reference between  FIGS. 7 and 10 , in one embodiment, the sidewall  122  can define a first receptacle  150  open opposite the endwall  142  and a second receptacle  152  open opposite the endwall  142 . In one embodiment, the first receptacle  150  and the first distal projection  116  of the connecting element  108  can have complementary shapes, such that the first distal projection  116  is received within the first receptacle  150  of the tip element  110 . In turn, the second receptacle  152  and the second distal projection  118  can also be complementary in nature, such that the second distal projection  118  is receivable within the second receptacle  152 . 
   With reference to  FIG. 11 , the first orifice  146  extends for a length L 1  through the endwall  142  from an origin  154  open to the first receptacle  150  to a terminal end  156 . The first orifice  146  extends to the terminal end  156  to define a first flow direction D 1  and defines a volume  157 . The first orifice  146  can taper from the origin  154  to the terminal end  156 . For example, a diameter of the first orifice  146  at the origin  154  can be greater than a diameter of the first orifice  146  at the terminal end  156  to define a taper. Additional tapers are also contemplated in some embodiments. For example, in one embodiment, the first orifice  146  includes a first taper from a first, larger diameter to a second smaller diameter, and a second taper from the smaller diameter to a third, larger diameter (not shown). 
   In one embodiment, the terminal end  156  of the first orifice  146  is approximately 0.006 inches to approximately 0.020 inches in diameter, although other dimensions can be equally acceptable depending on the volume and type of fluid being atomized, for example. Additionally, the length L 1  can be approximately 0.05 inches, although other dimensions can be equally acceptable. 
   The second orifice  148  includes a first portion  148   a  formed in the endwall  142  and a second portion  148   b  formed in the nozzle  144 . The first portion  148   a  defines an origin  158  of the second orifice  148  and can be described similarly to the first orifice  146 . In particular, the first portion  148   a  extends the length L 1  through the endwall  142 . The first portion  148   a  defines a taper from a first diameter at the origin  158  through the endwall  142  to a second, smaller diameter. 
   As shown, the second portion  148   b  is formed through the nozzle  144 . The nozzle  144  extends distally from the endwall  142  at or through an angle Δ. In one embodiment, the angle Δ is approximately 45 degrees, although other dimensions can be equally acceptable. As formed, the second portion  148   b  extends for a length L 2  to define a terminal end  160  of the second orifice  148 . In particular, the second portion  148   b  extends to the terminal end  160  to define a second flow direction D 2 . In one embodiment, the second orifice  148 , including the first and second portions  148   a ,  148   b , defines a volume  161 . It should be understood that the lengths L 1 , L 2  as well as the diameter(s) of the second orifice  148  can be selected to adjust the volume  161  of the second orifice  148 . In one embodiment, the volume  161  of the second orifice  148  is greater than the volume  157  of the first orifice  146 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 11 , angular extension of nozzle  144  results in the terminal end  160  of the second orifice  148  being located or offset distally to the terminal end  156  of the first orifice  146 . In different terms, the first and second orifices  146 ,  148 , and in particular the terminal ends  156 ,  160 , each reside in a different plane from the other, such that the two orifices  146 ,  148  terminate in different planes. In this particular, the terminal end  160  can be located offset and down stream from the terminal end  156 . Furthermore, the directions D 1 , D 2  can be angularly offset at an angle γ, for example approximately 45 degrees. In another embodiment, the angle γ is approximately 90 degrees such that the directions D 1 , D 2  are substantially perpendicular. As shown, the two directions D 1 , D 2  can intersect at a point P distal the terminal end  156  of the first orifice  146  and spaced laterally from the terminal end  160  of the second orifice  148 . For example, the point P can be laterally spaced a distance of approximately 0.020 inches from the terminal end  160 , although other dimensions can be equally acceptable. As will be described in the text that follows, the angle Δ and length L 2  of the nozzle  144  can be selected such that the second fluid (not shown) is delivered from the terminal end  160  of the second orifice  148  into a flow of the first fluid (not shown) from the terminal end  156  of the first orifice  146 . 
   With reference between  FIGS. 7 and 10 , the tip assembly  22  is assembled by inserting the first distal projection  116  of the connecting element  108  into the first receptacle  150  of the tip element  110  and the second distal projection  118  into the second receptacle  152 . The connecting element  108  and tip element  110  can be secured together via an interference-type fit, glues, welding, magnets, etc. The origin  154  of the first orifice  146  is tangentially related to the channel  134  when the connecting element  108  and the tip element  110  are assembled. In this manner, the first orifice  146  of the tip element  110  is in fluid communication with the first chamber  128  of the connecting element  108 . It should be understood that, as shown, the channel  134  and associated plurality of channels of the distal projection  116  are tangentially related to the origin  154  of the first orifice  146 . In this manner, the origin  154  of the first orifice  146  is centrally located relative to the plurality of channels such that each channel can deliver a tangential flow of fluid to the first origin  154 . The channel  138 , as well as the plurality of channels, of the distal projection  118  can be similarly in fluid communication with the origin  158  of the second orifice  148 . As will be understood in greater detail with reference to the following text, the tangential relationships described above facilitate rotational acceleration of the first and the second fluids (not shown) as they move into the origins  154 ,  158  of the first and second orifices  146 ,  148  respectively. 
   With reference to  FIG. 2 , an exemplary assembly of the fluid dispensing system  10  as shown in  FIG. 1  can be described. The clip assembly  12  is fastened to the proximal ends  32 ,  44  of the plungers  26 ,  38  of the first and second syringe assemblies  14 ,  16 , respectively. The distal end  30  of the syringe body  24  of the first syringe assembly  12  is fluidly coupled to the first connector  54  of the handle assembly  18 . In particular, the distal end  30  is fluidly coupled to the tubular portion  62  of the first connector  54  such that the first syringe assembly  14  is in fluid communication with the tubular portion  62  of handle assembly  18 . The distal end  30  of the syringe body  24  is screwed over the tubular portion  62 . The second syringe assembly  16  is similarly coupled to the second connector  56  of the handle assembly  18 . 
   In one embodiment, the first and second connectors  54 ,  56  of the handle assembly  18  are, in turn, fluidly coupled to the manifold assembly  20  such that the handle assembly  18  is in fluid communication with the manifold assembly  20 . In particular, the tubular portion  62  of the first connector  54  is inserted into the first fitting extension  84  and the male fitting  64  is screwed over the first fitting extension  84  to form a secure fit. In this manner, the tubular portion  62  is in fluid communication with the fitting extension  84 , which, in turn, is in fluid communication with the first tube  72 , and in particular the inner lumen  98  ( FIG. 6 ). 
   In one embodiment, the second connector  56  is similarly fluidly coupled to the manifold assembly  20  such that the handle assembly  18  is in fluid communication with the manifold assembly  20 , and in particular the second tube  74 . It should be understood that in one embodiment, the connectors  54 ,  56 , such as luer fitting-type connectors, allow for quick disconnect, reconnect, and a structurally secure and fluid conveying fit between the syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  and the manifold assembly  20  via the handle assembly  18 . In this manner, first and second connectors  58 ,  60  fluidly couple the handle assembly  18  to the manifold assembly  20  independent of other mechanisms. However, while the handle assembly  18  has been described as defining a fluid passageway, it should be understood that other handle assemblies are also implemented in some embodiments of the present invention such that the first and second syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  are directly fluidly coupled to the manifold assembly  20 , for example in a manner similar to that described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2003/0233067. 
   In one embodiment, the distal end  92  of the first tube  72  is inserted into the first chamber  128  ( FIG. 8 ) of the connecting element  108 . The first tube  72  can be retained in the first chamber  128  via an interference-type fit, welds, adhesives, etc. In this manner, the inner lumen  98  ( FIG. 6 ) is fluidly coupled with the first chamber  128 . The second tube  74  can be similarly assembled to the tip assembly  22  via the second chamber  130  ( FIG. 7 ) and in fluid communication therewith. In one embodiment, the first tube  74  and/or the second tube  76  are trimmed to a desired length prior to assembly with the tip assembly  22 . For example, the first and second tube assemblies  74 ,  76  can be cut using surgical scissors to define new distal ends  92 ,  102  prior to assembly to the first and second chambers  128 ,  130 , respectively. 
   A user can be directed as to the proper assembly of the system  10  in some embodiments of the present invention. For example, a user can be keyed to the proper assembly via the color-coding of various elements described above. In one embodiment, portions of the handle assembly  18  and the manifold assembly  20  are characterized by colors, for example red or white to indicate proper assembly of the system  10 . It should also be understood that portions of the tip assembly  22  and the first and second syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  can also be color-coded. In one embodiment, the color-coding of the elements corresponds generally to a color characterizing the first and/or second fluids (not shown), respectively. In other words, a user can be directed to assemble components of system  10  such that a substantially red-colored fluid is dispensed with portions of the system  10  that are colored red. Furthermore, and as described above, the handle assembly  18  can be configured to ensure that a desired one of the syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  is connected to a pre-selected one of the connectors  54 ,  56  of the manifold assembly  20 . In light of such features, a user can be directed in proper assembly of the system  10  according to from which of the first and the second orifices  146 ,  148  each of the first and second fluids should be delivered. 
   From the previous description, it should understood that in one embodiment, assembly of the system  10  results in the first and second syringe assemblies  14  being in fluid communication with the tip assembly  22 . In particular, in one embodiment the first syringe assembly  14  is in fluid communication with the first orifice  146  ( FIG. 7 ) and the second syringe assembly  16  is in fluid communication with the second orifice  148  ( FIG. 7 ) such that actuation of the plungers  26 ,  38  dispense the first and second fluids (not shown) from the first and second orifices  146 ,  148 , respectively. In this manner, the first and second fluids can be dispensed from the first and second orifices  146 ,  148  to a desired treatment site (not shown). 
   In light of the relationships described above, one method of delivering the first and second fluids (not shown) to a treatment site (not shown) can be described. In one embodiment, a user simultaneously actuates the first and second syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  by grasping the grasping portion  48  of the handle assembly  18  and pressing on the clip assembly  12  connected to the plungers  26 ,  38 . Referring back to  FIGS. 9 and 10 , the first fluid flows through the hole  132  to the channel  134  and is delivered tangentially to, and into, the origin  154  of the first orifice  146 . This tangential relationship facilitates rotational acceleration of the first fluid. Furthermore, as described above, a plurality of channels can also be implemented to achieve rotational acceleration of the second fluid. From this, it should be understood that rotation of the second fluid can be similarly achieved at the second orifice  148 , with subsequent deceleration occurring in some embodiments. However, it should also be understood that the second distal projection  118  need not include the channel  138  such that the second fluid can flow from the second chamber  130 , through the hole  136 , and directly into the second orifice  148 . 
   In one embodiment, simultaneous actuation of the first and second syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  ( FIG. 2 ) results in a greater volumetric flow rate of the first fluid (not shown) to the channel  134  of the first distal projection  116  than a volumetric flow rate of the second fluid (not shown) to the channel  138  of the second distal projection  118 . This, in turn, can contribute to greater rotational acceleration (as well as a greater volumetric flow rate) of the first fluid as it enters the origin  154  of the first orifice  146  than the second fluid as it enters the origin  158  of the second orifice  148 . 
   In one embodiment, the rotational acceleration of the first fluid (not shown) facilitates atomization of the first fluid upon exiting the terminal end  156  of the first orifice  146 . The amount of fluid rotation can affect the particle size and distribution of the first fluid as well as the overall, mixed fluid properties of the first fluid. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the channel  134  to the fluid volume, or volumetric flow rate, can affect the amount of rotational acceleration achieved. In other words, a larger volume of fluid flowing through a smaller cross-sectional area can equate to a higher rotational acceleration of the fluid through the cross-sectional area. However, a greater overall volumetric flow rate can be achieved with a larger overall, or “summed,” cross-sectional area. As such, one embodiment incorporates more than one channel to optimize rotational acceleration and volumetric flow rates and/or reduce flow resistance in the system  10 . For additional understanding, rotation methodology for atomization is described in Chemical Engineer&#39;s handbooks such as, Chemical Engineers&#39; Handbook (R. H. Perry &amp; C. H. Chilton eds., 5th ed., McGraw-Hill 1973). 
   In light of the above, it should also be understood that rotational acceleration of the first and second fluids (not shown) at the origins  154 ,  158  can be varied by modifying the tip assembly  22 , such as by at least one of the following: modifying a total number of channels, modifying a cross-sectional area of such channels, and modifying the diameters of the first and second orifices  146 ,  148  at the origins  154 ,  158 . 
   In one embodiment, the tip element  110  is configured to deliver an atomized flow from the first orifice  146 . For example, at least one of the taper, the diameter at the origin  154 , the diameter at the terminal end  156 , and the length L 1  of the first orifice  146 , can be selected to facilitate production of atomized flow from the first orifice  146 . However, it should be understood that in some embodiments other features can be added or modified to facilitate production of atomized flow from the first orifice  146 . 
   In one embodiment, the second fluid (not shown) enters the channel  138  and flows toward the terminal end  160  of the second orifice  148  at a slow enough rate such that there is minimal to no rotational acceleration. The lesser volume fluid flow will have some rotation but not enough for fluid atomization. In the absence of rotation and/or sufficient rotational acceleration, the flow of the second fluid beads or coalesces at the terminal end  160  of the second orifice  148 . 
   The second orifice  148  can also be configured to facilitate delivery of a bead or stream of fluid to a point where an atomized flow of the first fluid (not shown) is coming from the first orifice  146 . For example, the nozzle  144  can be configured to assist in decelerating fluid rotation to avoid atomized flow of the second fluid from the second orifice  148 . In one embodiment, at least one of the taper, the diameter at the origin  158 , the diameter at the terminal end  160 , the lengths L 1 , L 2  of the second orifice  148 , the volume  161  defined by the second orifice  148 , and the angle Δ through which the nozzle  144  extends contribute to rotational deceleration of the second fluid. While the features described above can serve to decrease fluid rotation, or decelerate fluid rotation as it is delivered through the second orifice  148 , it should be understood that in some embodiments other features and mechanisms for facilitating drip flow can be added or modified. 
   Regardless, in one embodiment, the user actuates the first and second syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  to produce at atomized flow type of the first fluid (not shown) from the terminal end  156  of the first orifice  146  and a non-atomized flow type, such as a drip-flow, of the second fluid (not shown) from the terminal end  160  of the second orifice  148 . As alluded to above, the nozzle  144  can be configured to deliver the second fluid distal or downstream to the first fluid. In one embodiment, distally offsetting the terminal end  160  to the terminal end  156  can allow an atomized flow (or at least a portion thereof) of the first fluid to be delivered in the direction D 1  from the terminal end  156  of the first orifice  146 , travel past the terminal end  160  of the second orifice  158 , and entrain a non-atomized flow of the second fluid from the terminal end  160  of the second orifice  158 . In this manner, the atomized flow of the first fluid “picks up” beads of second fluid resulting in a thorough mixing of the two fluids after exiting the first and second orifices  146 ,  148 , respectively. In one embodiment, the first and second fluids are mixed at a point distal the terminal end  156  of the first orifice  146  but prior to reaching the treatment site (not shown). In another embodiment, the first and second fluids begin mixing proximate the point P ( FIG. 11 ). 
   In this manner, embodiments in accordance with the present invention can provide efficient mixing and delivery of the first and second fluids (not shown) to a delivery site (not shown). For example, a mixed activator and base (not shown) can be delivered to a site without clogging concerns. In one embodiment with the base flowing past the activator substantially no clogging can be achieved. In another embodiment, a small “cap” (not shown) is formed at the terminal end  160  of the second orifice  156  after flow of the activator and/or base has ceased. In turn, the small cap of mixed activator and base can be readily removed from the second orifice  156 , for example by re-starting flow of the second fluid. 
   Another advantage can reside in not having to deliver the second fluid at a high enough flow rate or rotational acceleration to produce an atomized flow of the second fluid. In this manner, a relatively small amount of the second fluid can be efficiently delivered without needing to achieve the volumetric flow rates and/or rotational accelerations needed to atomize the second fluid. For example, atomization of the second fluid can be difficult and/or inefficient when delivering the first and second fluids at volumetric ratios greater than 1:1, more difficult and/or inefficient at volumetric ratios greater than or equal to 3:1, and even more difficult at volumetric ratios greater than or equal to 10:1. 
   In light of the above, embodiments of the present invention overcome at least some problems with spray-type dispensers identified in the Background section of this application by directing the lesser volume fluid into the path of the larger volume fluid via an angled nozzle. For example, embodiments include offset orifices, which deliver a lesser volume fluid distal to a larger volume fluid. In some embodiments, the larger volume fluid is atomized as it exits an orifice and impinges on a second, lesser volume fluid. The lesser volume fluid can be picked up by the larger volume fluid, facilitating improved and adequate mixing of the two fluids prior to reaching a treatment site. 
     FIGS. 12 and 13  show another embodiment tip element  200  in accordance with the present invention. In one embodiment, the tip element  200  includes a nozzle  202  and a sidewall  204  defining a first orifice  206 , a second orifice  208 , a first receptacle  210 , and a second receptacle  212 . The first and second receptacles  210 ,  212  are configured to receive the first distal projection  116  ( FIG. 7 ) and the second distal projection  118  ( FIG. 7 ) of the connecting element  108  ( FIG. 7 ) as previously described in association with other embodiments. 
   The first orifice  206  is defined by a sidewall portion  213  and defines volume and extends a length from an origin  214  open to the first receptacle  210  to a terminal end  216 . The second orifice  210  is defined by a sidewall portion  217  and also defines a volume and can extend a length from an origin  218  through the nozzle  202  to a terminal end  220 . In one embodiment, the terminal end  220  is offset distally to the terminal end  216 . In this manner, the first orifice  206  can be “shorter” than the second orifice  208  such that the first and second orifices  206 ,  208  terminate in a different plane. In one embodiment, the terminal end  220  is distally offset from the terminal end  216  a distance of approximately 0.05 to 0.1 inch, although other dimensions can be equally acceptable. 
   In one embodiment, the sidewall portions  213 ,  217 , are angled toward one another such that the first and second orifices  206 ,  208  are defined to extend angularly toward a common point. In this manner, an angled shape of the first and second orifices  206 ,  208  assist in directing the first and second fluids (not shown) toward each other as they exit the first and second orifices  206 ,  208 , respectively. In one embodiment, the open volume and/or length of the first and second orifices  206 ,  208  can reduce rotation and flow rate of the first fluid (not shown) and/or the second fluid (not shown) to aid in ensuring that the first and/or second fluids are not atomized. As alluded to above, the nozzle  202  extends distally to emit a second fluid (not shown) downstream of a first fluid. In particular, the first fluid can be dispensed to a point distal from the terminal end  216  to contact a second fluid being dispensed from the terminal end  220  and mix at the terminal end  226  or at a point distal the terminal end  220 . 
   A method of dispensing a first and a second fluid (not shown) from the tip element  200 , includes expelling the first fluid from the shorter, first orifice  206  and the second fluid from the longer, the second orifice  208 . In one embodiment, the first fluid exits the first orifice  206  and flows over the second orifice  208  where the second fluid is exiting, causing the two liquids to become mixed as they leave the tip element  200 . In a related embodiment, both the first and the second fluids are expelled from the first and the second orifices  206 ,  208 , respectively as a drip-type of flow. In another embodiment, both the first and the second fluids are expelled from the first and the second orifices  206 ,  208 , respectively as a stream-type of flow. In yet another embodiment, one of the first and the second fluids is expelled as a drip-type of flow and one of the first and second fluids is expelled as a stream-type of flow. 
   Several advantages can be achieved with embodiments of the tip element  200 . For example, an offset between the terminal ends  216 ,  220  can help prevent the second fluid (not shown), e.g., an activator, from entering the first orifice  206 , otherwise contaminating the first fluid (not shown), e.g., a base, or help prevent the first fluid from entering too far into the second orifice  208 , which might otherwise cause undesirable clotting or gelling of the materials. As described, another advantage is the sidewalls  213 ,  217  can be angled such that the shape of the orifices  206 ,  208  assist in directing the first and second fluids toward each other, thereby increasing mixing. 
   In this manner, the tip element  200  should illustrate that orifice “offsetting” can be advantageous for applications where atomization of the fluids (not shown) is not necessary, but instead a bead like application of both fluids is to be applied to a treatment site. As described, an offset can improve mixing without compromising toward clotting or gel formation at the terminal ends  216 ,  220 . Furthermore, while drip flow from both the first and second orifices  206 ,  208  has been described in association with the tip element  200 , it should be noted that in other embodiments, the orifice  208  drips the second fluid while the first orifice  220  atomizes, or sprays the first fluid. 
   With reference between  FIGS. 14 and 15 , one embodiment of the connecting element  252  includes a sidewall  256  defining a first chamber  258  and a second chamber  260 . In general terms, additional features of the connecting element  252  can be similar to the connecting element  108 . The tip element  254  includes a first nozzle  262 , a second nozzle  264 , and a third nozzle  266 . The tip element  254  also defines a first orifice  268 , a second orifice  270 , a third orifice  272 , and a fourth orifice  274 . The first, second and third orifices  268 ,  270 ,  272  extend through the first, second, and third nozzles  262 ,  264 ,  266 , respectively. In one embodiment, the fourth orifice  274  can formed to be substantially similar to the first orifice  146  of the tip element  110 . By including the first, second, third, and fourth orifices  268 ,  270 ,  272 ,  274 , the tip element  254  is configured to facilitate production of atomized and/or non-atomized flow combinations from the first, second, third, and fourth orifices  268 ,  270 ,  272 ,  274  according to the principles and embodiments previously described in association with the tip assembly  22 . In one embodiment, the tip element  254  is configured to provide different emission characteristics, or flow types, from the orifices  268 ,  270 ,  272 ,  274 , such as drip, stream, or spray. 
   Upon assembly, the connecting element  252  and the tip element  254  are configured, or otherwise sized, shaped, and arranged to be rotated relative to one another to dispose the first and second chambers  258 ,  260  “over” the first and third orifices  268 ,  272 . According to this relationship, the tip assembly  250  can dispense a “drip-drip” flow of the first and second fluids (not shown). The connecting element  252  and the tip element  254  can also be rotated to dispose the first chamber  258  “over” the second and fourth orifices  270 ,  274 . According to this relationship, the tip assembly  250  can deliver a “spray-drip” flow of the first and second fluids. From this it should be understood that a user (not shown) can select what combination of flow types (e.g. spray, drip, or stream) is to be applied. Thus, atomized or spray, drip, and stream types of flow are selectively interchanged according to a desire to utilize multiple fluid application modes on a patient without changing between tip assemblies. 
     FIG. 16  shows another embodiment tip element  300  in accordance with the present invention. In one embodiment, the tip element  300  includes a sidewall  302 , an endwall  304 , and a nozzle  306  extending from the end wall  304 . In general terms, the tip element  300  also has a single orifice  308  extending through the nozzle  306  and the end wall  304 . 
   The sidewall  302  defines a first receptacle (not shown) and a second receptacle (not shown) configured to receive the first and second distal projections  116 ,  118  ( FIG. 7 ) of the connecting element  108  ( FIG. 7 ) as previously described in association with other embodiments. The orifice  308  defines an origin (not shown) and a terminal end  310 , the orifice  308  tapering in width from the origin to the terminal end  310 . 
   The origin (not shown) is open to both the first and the second receptacles (not shown) of the tip element  300 . In this manner, upon assembly, the orifice  308  can be in fluid communication with both the first chamber  128  ( FIG. 8 ) and the second chamber  130  ( FIG. 8 ) of the connecting element  108  ( FIG. 8 ). In one embodiment, the pluralities of channels ( FIG. 7 ) associated with the first and second distal projections  116 ,  118  ( FIG. 7 ) deliver both the first and second fluids (not shown) to the origin of the orifice  308 . Rotational acceleration of the fluids and/or the taper of the orifice  308  can facilitate effective mixing of the two fluids within the orifice  308  prior to being delivered from the terminal end  310 . 
   From this, it should be understood that embodiments of the tip element  300  provide advantages in mixing two fluids prior to being delivered from the tip element  300 . In particular, this might be desirable in applications where a reaction time of two fluids is extended and earlier mixing is otherwise desirable to decrease reaction time following delivery from the tip element  300 . 
   One embodiment of a kit of parts  400  associated with the fluid dispensing system  10  is shown in  FIG. 17 . In one embodiment, the kit of parts  400  includes a first syringe assembly  402 , a second syringe assembly  404 , a plurality of specimen cups  405  including a first specimen cup  406  and a second specimen cup  408 , and a tray  410 . The first and second syringe assemblies  402 ,  404  are similar to embodiments of the first and second syringe assemblies  14 ,  16  ( FIG. 1 ) as previously described. The plurality of specimen cups  405  can be a type commonly used in such applications. 
   The tray  410  is shown in greater detail in  FIG. 18 . In one embodiment, the tray  410  includes a body  412  defining a bottom support surface  414  and plurality of pockets including a pocket  416 . The bottom support surface  414  is configured to support the tray  410  in a horizontal position, for example on a horizontal surface  418 . The pocket  416  defines a base  420  and a sidewall  422 . The base  420  and the sidewall  422  are configured to maintain the first specimen cup  406  ( FIG. 16 ) in a vertically tipped position as described in greater detail below. The base  420  is offset at an angle α relative to the horizontal position of the tray  410 . In one embodiment, the angle α is approximately 5 degrees to approximately 10 degrees, although other dimensions can be equally acceptable. 
   The first specimen cup  406  ( FIG. 17 ) is placed into the pocket  416  and supported at the angle α. Thus, the first specimen cup  406  can be supported in tipped position relative to the horizontal position of the tray  410 . In this manner, the pocket  416  is configured to aid in ease of removing contents of the first specimen cup  406  without requiring manual manipulation of the first specimen cup  406  or the tray  410 . For example, it can be necessary to tip the first specimen cut  406  to get a last remaining volume of the first fluid (not shown) from the first specimen cup  406  and into the first syringe assembly  402 . 
   For example, in one embodiment, the first specimen cup  406  is filled with the first fluid (not shown) and the second specimen cup  408  is filled with the second fluid (not shown). A user then draws the first fluid from the first specimen cup  406  as supported in the tipped position using the first syringe assembly  402 . In particular, in one embodiment, the user can draw substantially all of the first fluid (not shown) from first specimen cup  402  without having to manually tip the first specimen cup  406  or the tray  410 . In a related embodiment, the second specimen cup  408  is maintained in a second pocket (not show) in a tipped position in a similar manner to that described above. The second specimen cup  408  is filled with the second fluid and the user can draw substantially all of the second fluid from the second specimen cup  408  without having to manually tip the second specimen cup  408  or the tray  410 . In another related embodiment, each of the pockets making up the plurality of pockets is configured to hold a corresponding one of the cups  405  in an angled or tipped position. 
   The tray  410  can be formed from a semi rigid material, such as a polymeric material (e.g., polystyrene, polyester, and PVC). Additionally, other accessories may also optionally be included in embodiments of the kit of parts  400 . In one embodiment, the kit of parts  400  includes pluralities of syringe assemblies and specimen cups, clip assemblies (not shown), handle assemblies (not shown), manifold assemblies (not shown), tip assemblies (not shown) and/or other specific procedure-related components. Also, the various embodiment components of the fluid dispensing system  10  ( FIG. 1 ) can be provided in different states of assembly to afford customization or modification to meet the particular desires of a user. 
   Furthermore, individual elements of embodiments of the kit of parts  400  of the present invention may be packaged together, separately, or in subassemblies depending on a variety of factors such as shelf life and sterilization requirements. They may be assembled at a manufacturing location or at a healthcare location. Any suitable sterilization procedure may be utilized to sterilize the contents of the kit of parts  400 . Suitable sterilization techniques include, but are not limited to steam, ethylene oxide, electron beam, vapor (e.g., hydrogen peroxide or peracetic acid), or plasma procedures, for example. 
   Various advantages can be realized in light of the above-described embodiment kit of parts  400 . For example, the difficulties associated with filling syringes with fluids stored in specimen cups can be avoided as described above. In particular, users can avoid having to move specimen cups into a tilted position out of a tray or tip an entire tray. 
   The foregoing description is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and process shown as described above. Accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to falling within the scope of the invention. Finally, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” “defining,” “having,” “include,” “including,” and “includes” when used in this specification are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, steps, or groups thereof.