Abstract:
Shared Federation Metadata. A data structures may be implemented in a networked computing environment including federation. A federation includes two or more organizations coupled in a fashion such that authentication and authorization statements span the organizations in accordance with a pre-defined policy. A computer readable medium may include a data structure. The data structure includes fields including at least one or more grouping of metadata about a first federation or about an organization within the first federation. At least one of the one or more groupings of metadata about the first federation or about an organization within the first federation are included in the data structure by a reference to a block of federation metadata, the block of federation metadata is used for at least one other federation or organization.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    Background and Relevant Art 
         [0002]    Computers and computing systems have affected nearly every aspect of modern living. Computers are generally involved in work, recreation, healthcare, transportation, entertainment, household management, etc. The functionality of computers has also been enhanced by their ability to be interconnected through various network connections. 
         [0003]    Modern computers often include functionality for connecting to other computers. For example, a modern home computer may include a modem for dial-up connection to internet service provider servers, email servers, directly to other computers, etc. In addition, nearly all home computers come equipped with a network interface port such as an RJ-45 Ethernet port complying with IEE 802.3 standards. This network port, as well as other connections such as various wireless and hardwired connections can be used to interconnect computers. 
         [0004]    Systems communicating with one another commonly facilitate that communication by complying with particular policies. These policies may be well known policies that are included in the software code of communication modules within a computing system. Alternatively, the general policies may be readily ascertainable by reference to a known source. 
         [0005]    However, often there is a need for more information than just policy information to allow system communication. For example, federations may be established between different groups. A federation generally includes two or more organizations connected in a fashion such that authentication and authorization statements span the organizations in accordance with a pre-defined policy. In addition to the policy, federation members generally need to understand additional information, such as structure or organization information. 
         [0006]    The subject matter claimed herein is not limited to embodiments that solve any disadvantages or that operate only in environments such as those described above. Rather, this background is only provided to illustrate one exemplary technology area where some embodiments described herein may be practiced. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0007]    One embodiment described herein relates to data structures. The data structures may be implemented in a networked computing environment including federation. A federation includes two or more organizations coupled in a fashion such that authentication and authorization statements span the organizations in accordance with a pre-defined policy. A computer readable medium may include a data structure. The data structure includes fields including at least one or more grouping of metadata about a first federation or about an organization within the first federation. At least one of the one or more groupings of metadata about the first federation or about an organization within the first federation are included in the data structure by a reference to a block of federation metadata, the block of federation metadata is used for at least one other federation or organization. 
         [0008]    Another embodiment is also implemented using data structures in a networked computing environment including one or more federations. A computer readable medium includes a data structure. The data structure includes fields including at least one or more grouping of metadata about a first federation or about an organization within the first federation. At least one of the one or more groupings of metadata about the first federation or about an organization within the first federation is inherited federation metadata included by inheritance from metadata for a second federation hierarchically above the first federation. As such the inherited federation metadata is inherited from the second federation by the first federation. 
         [0009]    This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
         [0010]    Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the teachings herein. Features and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. Features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter. 
     
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]    In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features can be obtained, a more particular description of the subject matter briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting in scope, embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0012]      FIG. 1A  illustrates a common block of federation metadata used for two federations; 
           [0013]      FIG. 1B  illustrates federation metadata obtained from an existing federation; and 
           [0014]      FIG. 1C  illustrates federation metadata inherited hierarchically. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0015]    Embodiments herein may comprise a special purpose or general-purpose computer including various computer hardware, as discussed in greater detail below. 
         [0016]    Some embodiments described herein illustrate various data structures and methods for providing federation metadata. For example, in one embodiment, a data structure can be used. The data structure includes fields including at least one or more grouping of metadata about a first federation or about an organization within the first federation. At least one of the one or more groupings of metadata about the first federation or about an organization within the first federation is included in the data structure by a reference to a block of federation metadata. The block of federation metadata may be used for at least one other federation or organization. In some embodiments, federation metadata is inheritable. For example, when a federation is formed from groups that are members of hierarchically higher groups that are already in a federation, the federation metadata from the hierarchically higher groups federation can be included by inheritance in the hierarchically lower groups federation. More specific examples are now illustrated in  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B, and  1 C. 
         [0017]      FIG. 1A  illustrates an example where a common metadata block  102  includes explicit metadata that is included by reference in the federation metadata of different federations. For example,  FIG. 1A  illustrates an organization  104  and an organization  106 . Organization  1   104  and organization  2   106  are organized into a federation named federation  1 . Information about the organization and structure of federation  1  is a block of federation  1  metadata  108 . The federation  1  metadata  108  includes a reference to the common metadata block  102 . Thus, the metadata in the common metadata block  102  is included in the federation  1  metadata  108  by reference to the common metadata block  102 . For example, the federation  1  metadata  108  may include a pointer to explicitly defined metadata in the common metadata block  102 . 
         [0018]      FIG. 1A  further illustrates a second federation, federation  2 . Federation  2  includes organization  3   110  and organization  4   112 . A block of federation metadata, federation  2  metadata  114  includes metadata, such as structure and organization metadata, for federation  2 . Federation  2  metadata  114  includes the metadata in the common metadata block  102  by reference. Thus,  FIG. 1A  illustrates one example where metadata is explicitly set forth in one location, the common metadata block  102 , but is included in metadata for a number of different federations. 
         [0019]    In one embodiment, federation metadata included by reference is included by virtue of a reference to a federation identifier identifying a second federation. As such, the federation metadata of the second federation is applicable to the first federation and included in the first federation metadata. An example of this is illustrated in  FIG. 1B . 
         [0020]      FIG. 1B  illustrates an example where federation metadata may be included by reference to an existing federation.  FIG. 1B  illustrates a federation  1  that includes organization  1   104  and organization  2   106 . Federation  1  metadata  108  is used to describe information about federation  1 .  FIG. 1B  illustrates a second federation, federation  2 . Federation  2  includes organization  3   110  and organization  4   112 . Federation  2  metadata  114  is used to describe information about federation  2 . In the example illustrated, the federation  1  metadata  108  is included, by reference, in the federation  2  metadata  114  as illustrated by the broken arrow directed from federation  1  metadata  108  to federation  2  metadata  114 . In one embodiment, federation metadata may include other federation metadata by reference to the other federation. Illustratively, in one embodiment, reference may be made to a federation identifier. Thus, in the example illustrated in  FIG. 1B , federation  2  metadata  114  may include federation  1  metadata  108  by reference to the federation identifier for federation  1 . 
         [0021]    While in this example, reference is made to a single existing federation, reference may be made to one or more existing federations. For example, federation metadata for multiple federations can be used, by reference to the federations, as federation metadata for another federation. 
         [0022]    In one alternative embodiment, federation metadata is included by reference to a name structure. For example, reference can be made to the structure of other federations. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 1C , reference to a name structure for federation  1  can be expressed as Organization 1 -Organization 2 . Reference to a name structure for federation  2  can be expressed as Organization 1 /Team 2 -Organization 2 /Team 3 . Reference to a name structure for federation  3  can be expressed as Organization 1 /Team 2 /Group 2 -Organization 2 /Team 3 /Group 3 . Reference to a name structure for federation  4  may be expressed as Organization 1 /Team 2 /Group 2 /Individual 2 -Organization 2 /Team 3 /Group 3 /Individual 3 . 
         [0023]    In another alternative embodiment, federation metadata included by reference is included by virtue of a reference to a physical location. For example, in one embodiment a reference may be made to a geographic physical location, such as at for example Seattle, Wash. In this example, when a federation is formed, where one or more of the parties to the federation are located in Seattle, Wash., a specific block of metadata specific to that location may be included by a reference to Seattle, Wash. This reference will cause a common metadata block to be included by reference in the federation metadata. 
         [0024]    In yet another embodiment, the federation metadata included by reference is obtained from a service endpoint reference. Explicit federation metadata included in the federation metadata by reference is embedded within the service endpoint. As such, federation metadata may be obtained from the service endpoint by reference to the service endpoint. 
         [0025]    In one embodiment, federation metadata included by reference may be fetched from a well known address given a target service address. 
         [0026]    Explicit federation metadata included in the federation metadata included by reference may be obtained by reference to attributes in a directory. For example, directory services such as UDDI, DNS, or LDAP may include attributes which include the federation metadata that is included by reference. 
         [0027]    Referring now to  FIG. 1C , an example is illustrated where federation metadata is inherited hierarchically.  FIG. 1C  illustrates a federation  1  which includes organization  1   104  and organization  2   106 . Federation  1  metadata  108  includes information about federation  1 . 
         [0028]    Organization  1   104  can be subdivided, in this example, into at least two teams, team  1   116  and team  2   118 . Similarly, organization  2   106  can be subdivided into at least two teams, team  3   120  and team  4   122 . Thus, in this example, teams  1  and  2   116  and  118  are hierarchically below organization  1   104 . Similarly, team  3   120  and team  4   122  are hierarchically below organization  2   106 .  FIG. 1C  illustrates another federation, federation  2 , which includes team  2  and team  3 . Information about federation  2  is contained in federation  2  metadata  124 . 
         [0029]    Federation  2  metadata  124  is included in a data structure. The data structure includes fields including at least one or more grouping of metadata about federation  2  or about an organization within federation  2 . At least one of the groupings of metadata about the first federation or about an organization within the first federation is inherited federation metadata included by inheritance. In this example, from federation  1  metadata for a federation  1  hierarchically above federation  2 . As such the inherited federation metadata is inherited from the federation  2  by federation  1 . 
         [0030]    Further examples of inherited metadata are illustrated in  FIG. 1C . For example, a federation  3  including group  2   126 , which is hierarchically below team  2 , and group  3   128 , which is hierarchically below team  3   120  is shown. In this example, federation  3  is hierarchically below federation  2 . As such, federation  3  metadata  130  includes federation  2  metadata  124 . Similarly, federation  4 , which includes individual  2   132  and individual  3   134  is hierarchically below federation  3 . As such, federation  4  metadata  136  includes federation  3  metadata  130 , federation  2  metadata  124 , and federation  1  metadata  108 . 
         [0031]    Embodiments may also include computer-readable media for carrying or having computer-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise physical computer readable media such as RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a computer, the computer properly views the connection as a computer-readable medium. Thus, any such connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. 
         [0032]    Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims. 
         [0033]    The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.