Abstract:
The present invention is directed to a series of polymeric citrate esters that have two different molecular weight ester chains, one solid and one liquid, which when combined into a single molecule make a polymer that is solid, but has very unique flow properties. These materials find applications as additives to formulations in personal care products where there is a desire to have a structured film (provided by the solid fatty group) and flow properties, (provided by the liquid fatty group). These compounds by virtue of their unique structure provide outstanding skin feel and outstanding waterproof properties in cosmetic formulations most notable sunscreens.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to and benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/271,259 filed Jul. 20, 2009, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein for all purposes. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a series of polymeric citrate esters that have two different molecular weight ester chains, one solid and one liquid, which when combined into a single molecule make a polymer that is solid, but has very unique flow properties. These materials find applications as additives to formulations in personal care products where there is a desire to have a structured film (provided by the solid fatty group) and flow properties, (provided by the liquid fatty group). These compounds by virtue of their unique structure provide outstanding skin feel. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Citric acid is a common material of natural origin. The structure is: 
                                
CAS Registry Number: 77-92-9
 
CA Index Name: 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-
 
     Citric acid is made by fermentation, using cultures of  Aspergillus niger  are fed on a sucrose or glucose-containing medium. 
     Citric acid is one of a series of compounds involved in the physiological oxidation of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water. This series of chemical reactions is central to nearly all metabolic reactions, and is the source of two-thirds of the food-derived energy in higher organisms. Krebs received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery. The series of reactions is known by various names, including the citric acid cycle, the Krebs cycle, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle 
     Citrate esters are known. They conform to the following structure: 
                                
The esters are made by the reaction of fatty alcohols with citric acid.
 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,292,192 issued to Hooper, et al. teaches that Detergent bars for personal washing are given a deodorant property by including an ester of citric acid. The ester may be an acetyl derivative. The amount of ester used will be in the range of from about 0.3% to about 3%. Examples of the esters are triethyl citrate and acetyl tributyl citrate. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 2,122,716 describes long chain esters of citric acid, e.g., tridodecyl citrate, which have been used as plasticizers for resinous compositions. 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,239,555 and 3,241,992 disclose bis-citric acid esters made by esterifying the acid groups with C1 to C18 alcohols and coupling the esters with dibasic acids. Such esters are useful as plasticizers for plastics. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,251,792, the acid groups of citric acid are esterified with alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl and haloaryl alcohols and the hydroxyl group is esterified with a carbonyl compound. Such compounds are used as stabilizers for polypropylene. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,089,658 issued Feb. 18, 1992 to Elmore et al, is directed to citric acid esters. In one aspect, this invention pertains to citric acid esters which contain at least one primary or secondary hydroxyl group. In another aspect, this invention relates to citric acid esters which are reactive diluents. In still another aspect, this invention pertains to citric esters which are pigment dispersants. 
     The citric ester compositions of this invention are useful as reactive diluents for high solids thermosetting coating composition and as pigment dispersants for use in thermosetting coatings. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,236 to O&#39;Lenick discloses a guerbet citric ester and polymers thereof useful in plastic lubrication. 
     None of these patents provide polyester derivatives of mixed fatty esters of citrate as envisioned by the present invention. 
     THE INVENTION 
     Objective of the Invention 
     The present invention has as its objective a series of citrate polyesters that have both liquid and solid fatty groups contained thereon and are crosslinked by diols and contain fatty groups, one solid at room temperature, the other liquid at room temperature. 
     The present invention also has an objective a process for treating hair and skin with the citrate multi domain polyesters that have both liquid and solid fatty groups contained thereon and are crosslinked by the diol. 
     Other objectives will become clear as one reads the specification and claims herein. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention discloses a polyester made by the reaction of a mixture of liquid and solid fatty acids reacted with citric acid and a diol crosslinker. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a polyester that conforms to the following structure: 
                                
R′ is a mixture of between 15 and 60%
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     and between 40 and 85%-(CH 2 ) d —CH 3    
     b is an integer ranging from 11 to 31 (resulting in solid domains); 
     R 2  is —(CH 2 ) 3 —; 
     a is an integer ranging from 0 to 20. 
     Another aspect of the present invention is a process for conditioning hair and skin which comprises contacting the hair or skin with an effective conditioning concentration of a polyester that conforms to the following structure: 
                                
R 1  is a mixture of between 15 and 60%
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     and between 40 and 85% —(CH 2 ) d —CH 3    
     d is an integer ranging from 11 to 31 (resulting in solid domains); 
     R 2  is —(CH 2 ) 3 —; 
     a is an integer ranging from 0 to 20. 
     In a preferred embodiment said effective conditioning concentration ranges from 0.1% to 20% by weight. 
     The products of the present invention are made by the esterification reaction of: 
     (a) citric acid conforming to the following structure: 
                                
(b) HO—(CH 2 ) 3 —OH, a natural diol made from corn;
 
(c) octyldodecanol conforming to the following structure:
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     resulting in liquid high molecular weight domains 
     (d) a fatty alcohol that is solid at room temperature
 
HO—(CH 2 ) d —CH 3  
 
d is an integer ranging from 11 to 31 (resulting in solid domains).
 
     Another aspect of the present invention is a process for conditioning hair and skin which comprises contacting the hair or skin with an effective conditioning concentration of a polyester made by the esterification reaction of: 
     (a) citric acid conforming to the following structure: 
                                
(b) HO—(CH 2 ) 3 —OH, a natural diol made from corn;
 
(c) octyldodecanol conforming to the following structure:
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     resulting in liquid high molecular weight domains 
     (d) a fatty alcohol that is solid at room temperature
 
HO—(CH 2 ) d —CH 3  
 
d is an integer ranging from 11 to 31 (resulting in solid domains).
 
     Where there are two different types of ester group present, one liquid and one solid, the resulting structure cannot crystallize completely, since the liquid domains in the polymer act as molecular crystal distorters, resulting in a polymer that although having the same melting point, flows more easily when pressure is applied. The resulting solid will be soft and flowable, rather than hard and un-yielding. 
     Preferred Embodiments 
     In a preferred embodiment a is an integer ranging from 1 to 20. 
     In a preferred embodiment a is an integer ranging from 3 to 10. 
     In a preferred embodiment a is 10. 
     In a preferred embodiment a is 15. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
     Citric Acid 
     Citrate is an item of commerce commercially available from a variety of sources including Pfizer. It conforms to the following structure: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Examples 2 
     Example 2 
     1,3 propane Diol 
     1,3 propane diol is a natural product derived from corn. DuPont Tate &amp; Lyle Bio Products&#39; 1,3-propanediol is a colorless and highly pure glycol derived from a sustainable and renewable corn sugar fermentation process. Corn-derived 1,3-propanediol is the perfect glycol solution for formulations and ingredient solvents where non-petroleum based ingredients are desired, and can replace propylene glycol and butylene glycol. Benefits of corn-derived 1,3-propanediol include its purity, lack of irritation and sensitization, and environmentally friendly nature. This natural diol conforms to the following structure:
 
HO—(CH 2 ) 3 —OH
 
     In the present invention this material provides a linking group that is (a) natural, (b) free of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene compounds and their inherent ether groups and lack of natural origin, and (c) are easily reacted into the polymer matrix. 
     Example 3 
     Octyldodecanol 
     Octyldodecanol is a Guerbet alcohol commercially available from a variety of sources including Cognis. 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Examples 4-9 
     Fatty Alcohols (Solid at Room Temperature) 
     These acids are an item of commerce available from a variety of sources. It conforms to the following structure;
 
HO—(CH 2 ) d —CH 3  
 
d is an integer ranging from 11 to 31.
 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Example 
                 d 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 4 
                 11 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 13 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 15 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 17 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 19 
               
               
                   
                 9 
                 31 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     To a suitable reactor equipped with heating and an ability to distill off water is added the specified number of grams of citrate acid (Example 1), next is added the specified number of grams of the octyldodecanol (Examples 3). Finally, is added the specified number of grams of the specified solid fatty alcohol (Examples 4-9). The reaction mass is heated to 150-160° C. and water is distilled off. As the reaction proceeds, the batch clears and free citric acid is reacted out. The reaction mass is kept at this temperature until the acid value becomes vanishingly low. Next is added the specified number of grams of the specified 1,3 propane diol (Examples 2). The reaction mass is heated to 180-190° C. and water is distilled off. The reaction mass is kept at this temperature until the acid value becomes vanishingly low. The reaction mass is cooled and used without additional purification. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Citric Acid 
                 Diol 
                 Guerbet 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Example 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 Solid 
                 Alcohol 
                   
               
               
                 Example 
                 Grams 
                 Grams 
                 Grams 
                 Ex. 
                 Grams 
                 a value 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 10 
                 138 
                 28 
                 433 
                 4 
                 402 
                 1 
               
               
                 11 
                 165 
                 39 
                 465 
                 5 
                 331 
                 2 
               
               
                 12 
                 150 
                 63 
                 301 
                 6 
                 486 
                 5 
               
               
                 13 
                 150 
                 74 
                 353 
                 7 
                 423 
                 10 
               
               
                 14 
                 148 
                 77 
                 410 
                 8 
                 365 
                 15 
               
               
                 15 
                 124 
                 66 
                 327 
                 9 
                 483 
                 20 
               
               
                 16 
                 138 
                 0 
                 433 
                 7 
                 512 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex means example in the table above. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Products that are of the present invention were low order soft pastes that liquefied under pressure. Those products that were made using only solid fatty acids were hard solids that were not spreadable on the skin or hair. Those made without solid fatty acids, but only liquid fatty acids, (oleic and iso stearic) were sticky liquids. Those made with iso-stearic acid were glossy on hair and skin, while those made with oleic acid were emollients. 
     The compounds are of exceptional interest in the personal care applications where gloss, rheology that accommodates spreading and odor are critical. 
     The compounds of the present invention in addition to their unique aesthetics are surprisingly water proofing agents when used in cosmetic formulations, most importantly sunscreens. 
     A well respected independent laboratory, Lott Research, Inc.(LRI) was retained to determine if ST-010-119 (example 12) provided under confidentiality agreement by SurfaTech Corporation could be used as a waterproofing film former for sunscreen products. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 LRI A80  
                 LRI 220 
                 LRI A175 
               
               
                 Ingredient 
                 % 
                 % 
                 % 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Part A 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Water 
                 74.2 
                 72.2 
                 82.9 
               
               
                 Carbomer 
                 .25 
                 .25 
                 .25 
               
               
                 Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic 
                 .05 
                 .05 
                 .05 
               
               
                 Acid  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Triethanolamine 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 Part B 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Octocrylene 
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                 Octisalate 
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                 Oxybenzone 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                 Avobenzone 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 Stearic Acid 
                 2 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 Sorbitan Isostearate 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 Polyglyceryl-3 Distearate 
                 0 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 Glyceryl Stearate Self Emulsifying 
                 3 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 Benzyl Alcohol 
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 Dimethylpoly Siloxane 
                 .5 
                 .5 
                 .5 
               
               
                 Ganex V-220 
                 0 
                 0 
                 2 
               
               
                 Methylparaben 
                 0 
                 .2 
                 .2 
               
               
                 Propylparaben 
                 0 
                 .1 
                 .1 
               
               
                 Finnsolv TN 
                 8 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 SurfaTech ST-010-119 
                 0 
                 2 
                 0 
               
               
                 Part C 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Liquipar PE(Phenoxyethanol, 
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 Isopropylparaben, Isobutylparaben,  
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 and n-Butylparaben 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The manufacturing procedure was basically the same for all products; Part A and b heated separately to about 160 F, B added to A while rapidly stirring, cooled with stirring to approximately 105 F and C added with stirring. 
     All three formulas were SPF tested using a single port Solar Light Model 15S Xenon Arc, Solar Simulator lamp, which has a continuous light spectrum in the UVA and UVB range (290-400 nanometers). The spectral output of the solar simulator is filtered so that it meets the spectral output requirements for testing Sunscreen Drug Products for over-the-counter human use; Proposed Amendment of Final Monograph, CFR Part 352.70 (b) Light Sources, Federal Register, Vol. 72, No. 165, Aug. 27, 2007 and the International Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Test Method, May 2006. 
     The SPF test for all three formulas was performed on the same subjects. The only difference was that LRIA80 was performed as a static, non water resistant, test and LRI A220 and LRI A175 was performed as an 80 minutes VWR test. 
     Results The average values for the SPF tests as reported by Florida Suncare Testing, Inc. was as follows: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
                 LRI A80 
                 ≦19(static) 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 LRI 220 
                 28.85(VWR) 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 LRI A175 
                 29.05(VWR) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     All three formulas were targeted as an SPF 25. For an SPF 25 the lowest number obtainable is a SPF19. Four of the subjects had MED responses at the SPF 19 level. When this happens it means the actual value is at a maximum SPF 19. Based on discussions with the Florida Suncare Testing, Inc. investigator the values would probably have been considerably lower than 19. The investigator estimated that the actual value would probably have been closer to SPF 12-15 based on the responses at SPF 19. For a 5 subject study, the values obtained for LRI A220 and LRI A175, with standard deviations of 2.53 and 4.12 respectively are not statistically different. 
     Based on the results of these SPF tests has significant value as a SPF waterproofing agent when compared to a control formula without a waterproofing film former. Based on the results of this study, SurfaTech ST-010-119 was equivalent to the well known waterproofing film former, VP/Eicosene Copolymer (Ganex V-220 supplied by ISP). 
     While the illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described with particularity, it will be understood that various other modifications will be apparent to and can be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims appended hereto be limited to the examples and descriptions set forth hereinabove but rather that the claims be construed as encompassing all the features of patentable novelty which reside in the present invention, including all features which would be treated as equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.