Abstract:
A blow mold ( 1 ) for a stretching machine or a glass blowing machine, comprising two mold halves ( 3, 4 ) which are pivotably connected by at least one connecting pin ( 2 ), and a shutting device and locking device in the form of a closing clamp ( 7 ) which can be slid directly onto the mold halves ( 3, 4 ) from the side of the connecting pin ( 2 ). The mold halves ( 3, 4 ) are closed around the connecting pin ( 2 ) by the sliding, pressing contact of the closing clamp ( 7 ) and in the closed position, are pressed against each other without a gap, resulting in a mechanically simple, space-saving blow mold ( 1 ).

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention relates to a blow mold for molding glass containers such as for beverage bottles. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The blow mould known from DE 69 42 384 T2 has two arms which are hinged like pliers to an axis. Each arm carries three juxtaposed mould halves. Both arms are pivoted to each other by knee lever drives constituting a shutting device until the mould halves reach their closing position. The ends of the arms remote from the connecting axis are provided with abutment faces on which a C-shaped clamp, defining a closing device, is pushed from the side opposed to the connecting axis. The closing force of the clamp is transmitted on each pair of mould halves indirectly via the arms and with relatively long lever arms with respect to the connecting axis which therefore has to stand a significant part of the reaction forces and blow pressure. Several drives and drive control systems are needed for the closing device and device holding the closed state. 
   Both mold halves of the blow mold known from DE 19 11 600 A are pivotally held directly at the connecting axis. Complex centering surface arrangements are provided in the mold separation plane in order to prevent an offset between both mold halves in the closed position. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 3,195,186 A discloses to fix in an injection moulding machine a compressed package of several mould parts from both lateral sides by means of U-shaped clamping devices which engage at edge regions of the package. Additionally, downholders are provided which are oriented perpendicular to the mould separation planes which downholders press between the clamping devices against the top and bottom sides of the package. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   It is an object of the invention to provide a blow mould and a method for adjusting the mould halves of a blow mould allowing an effective formation of pre-formed parts or glass receptacles with a blow mould which is of simple mechanical design and needs a simple drive only. 
   The closing clamp is designed and arranged such that it pivots the mould halves about the connection axis into the closed position on each other and then presses the mould halves without gaps against each other, by sliding and pressing contact on at least parts of the outer surfaces of the mould halves. In this fashion a blow mould is achieved which is mechanically simple and consumes little space and allows a safe and firm closing of the mould parts for the blowing process. The closing clamp has at least a dual function: it transfers the mould halves from the opening position into the closed position, and it generates in the closed position the holding force for the closed state. As the closing clamp slides directly along the outer walls of the mould halves and presses the mould halves centrally against each other no joint connections are needed to take up reaction forces, which joint connections normally are not well suited to take up such reaction forces. The closing clamp is adapted by the U-shape design of the inner surface to the contour of the outer surfaces of the mould halves which, e.g., have outer surfaces shaped like cylinder sections. In this way the closing clamp which at least partially comes into contact with the outer surface of each mould halve, can grip snugly and close around the mould halves in order to ensure a firm holding of the closed position of the mould halves even in case of high interior pressure in the blow mould. Only one drive is needed for the closing procedure and for holding the mould halves in their closed position. 
   The high forces of several tons which act on the closing clamp during the blowing process may lead to strong mechanical loads. For that reason a replaceable contact wall surface may be secured in a region of the outer surface of at least one of the mould halves. This region will at least partially be in contact with the closing clamp in the closed position of the mould halves. The contact wall surface may be a hardened spring steel sheet or the like. In case that the contact wall surface is mechanically worn out only the contact wall surface is to be replaced but not the entire device. 
   In order to allow a friction free sliding of the closing clamp along the outer surfaces of the mold halves during the closing procedure, the closing clamp may include at least one rotatably supported rod or roller which comes into contact with the outer surface of at least one of the mold halves during the closing procedure. For example, in case of rotatably supported rods or rollers at both free ends of the U-shape of the inner surface of the closing clamp, which rods or rollers extend substantially parallel to the main axis of both mold halves or the connection axis, respectively, the closing clamp can be moved with reduced friction and reduced power input by a rolling movement of the rods or the rollers, respectively, when closing the mold halves. 
   The closing clamp should be aligned in the closing position of the mold halves with the free, engaging ends towards the center of the mold cavity or towards the center between several mold cavities, respectively, to achieve a uniform force distribution and to relieve the connection axis. 
   In order to move the mould halves open rapidly and automatically after pulling the closing clamp away, the mould halves may be mechanically connected to a spring element and/or a driver, the force of which will open the mould halves. 
   Expediently, even the movement of the closing clamp when being pulled away is used to move the mould halves open, e.g. via spring elements and/or pulling links of the closing clamp itself. 
   In order to increase the dimensional stability of the blow mould in the closed position, and, in order to optionally apply a downsized and compact closing clamp, at two opposite sides of the mould halves a respective abutment element like a pin or a rod may be arranged so that the closing clamp is removably clamped at least in the closed position of the mould halves between both abutment elements. The rods or abutment elements arranged at given positions will take up reaction forces from the closing clamp, e.g. reaction forces resulting from the interior pressure in the blow mould, and at the same time will support the closing clamp, respectively. 
   A precisely controllable compact and reliable pushing device for the closing clamp may have a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or a cam controlled roller. Other types of actuators as well may be suitable. 
   In order to position the closing clamp in the closed position of the mould halves as close as possible at the closed blow mould, and to achieve an optimal force transmission, the connection axis is interrupted by an intermediate space through which the closing clamp is pushed. 
   By a single closing clamp even mould halves may be closed and held in closed condition which define more than one mould cavity in the closed position. In this case the free ends of the closing clamp generating the holding force for the closed position expediently should be aligned to the middle region between the mould cavities. 
   Since the closing clamp has to be adjusted for the opening procedure of the mould halves anyway, and since its drive assembly has to be designed correspondingly, the push away movement expediently may be applied to use the closing clamp even as an opening device for pivoting the mould halves away from each other. 
   In structurally simple way the closing clamp is integrated into the opening assembly, e.g. by coupling the closing clamp with the mould halves by spring elements and/or pulling links. The spring elements are tensioned when the closing clamp is pulled back. 
   When the closing clamp is pushed over the opened mould halves the closing clamp first contacts regions of the mould halves which are located close to the connection axis. Thereafter, the closing clamp slides along the outer surface of the mould halves and away from the connection axis until the blow mould is closed and finally is held closed in the closed position. The closing clamp universally functions as a closing device and as a device for holding the closed position. Optionally, the closing clamp even is utilised as an opening device such that totally only a single drive is needed for all of these different functions. 
   According to the method the blow mould can be forced open only by pulling back the closing clamp from the closed position into the open position. With the help of the multiple function of the closing clamp short mould closing and mould opening cycles can be achieved with reduced structural efforts and with a single drive only. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Embodiments of the subject of the invention will be described with the help of the drawings. In the drawings is: 
       FIG. 1  a perspective view of a blow mould in the closed position, 
       FIG. 2  a top view of a further embodiment of a blow mould in an open position, 
       FIG. 3  a top view of the blow mould of  FIG. 2  in the closed position, 
       FIG. 4  a side view of the blow mould of  FIG. 2 , 
       FIG. 5  a schematic top view of a further embodiment of a blow mould in the open position, 
       FIG. 6  a top view of the blow mould of  FIG. 5  in the closed position, 
       FIG. 7  a schematic top view of a further embodiment of a blow mould in the open position, 
       FIG. 8  a top view of the blow mould of  FIG. 7  in the closed position, 
       FIG. 9  a schematic top view of blow moulds arranged in a rotating runner assembly, 
       FIG. 10  a top view of a further embodiment of a blow mould in a closed position, and 
       FIG. 11  a top view of a further embodiment of a blow mould in the closed position. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The terms “mold” and “mould” as used herein are used interchangeably. A blow mold  1  in  FIG. 1  is intended for use in a stretching machine or a glass blowing machine, and includes two mold halves  3 ,  4  which can be pivoted about a connection axis  2 . The mold halves  3 ,  4  e.g. are made from steel and are designed so that they define in a closed position at least one interior mold cavity  5 . In the cavity  5  a pre-formed part or a glass receptacle (not shown) may be blown into shape, i.e. may be brought into a final contour by an interior pressure of e.g. 40 bars. 
   The blow mold  1  in  FIG. 1  includes in addition to the mold halves  3 ,  4  bottom and top forms (not shown). In this case the mold halves  3 ,  4  are substantially semi-cylindrical. The connection axis penetrates respective supporting elements  2   a ,  2   b  which are distant from each other in the direction of the longitudinal axis A of the connection axis  2 . 
   A closing clamp  7  provided as a closing device and as a device for holding the mould halves  3 ,  4  in the closed position is e.g. made from high grade steel and has approximately the shape of a crescent. The closing clamp  7  has an essentially U-shaped curved interior surface  8  facing the mould halves  3 ,  4 . The closing clamp  7  is substantially symmetric with respect to a plane S of symmetry of the blow mould  1  and in a plane essentially perpendicular to the axes A, A′. The interior surface  8  of the closing clamp  7  is shaped so that during the closing procedure at least regions located at both free ends  10  of the U-shape of the closing clamp come into direct sliding contact and pressing contact with outer surfaces  3   a,    4   a  of the mould halves  3 ,  4 . The closing clamp  7  is slideably provided at the side of the connection axis  2 . 
   At the end of the closing clamp  7  remote from the mould halves  3 ,  4  a pushing device is provided which is not shown detail. The pushing device acts via a pushing rod  9 , e.g. by a pneumatic cylinder, onto the closing clamp  7 . The pushing device is designed such that the pneumatic cylinder operates in the direction R perpendicular to the axes A, A′ and with a stroke of e.g. 50 mm and an actuation pressure of e.g. 100 bars. 
     FIG. 1  illustrates the closed position of the blow mold. The closing clamp  7  is pushed so far in the direction R over the mold halves  3 ,  4  that the mold halves are clamped between the free ends  10  and are completely closed. Separation surfaces  3   b ,  4   b  of the mold halves  3 ,  4  abut on each other tightly and without gaps. The distance between the free ends  10  of the closing clamp  7  is selected such that it substantially corresponds with the outside dimension of the closed mold halves  3 ,  4 . The ends  10  engage the outer surfaces substantially in alignment to the center of the mold cavity. One end  10  of the closing clamp  7  may have a width of about 50 mm to about 100 mm and a thickness D of at least 100 mm, e.g. even of 180 mm. 
   In order to design the closing clamp  7  dimensionally stable and to allow to bring it as close to the mould halves  3 ,  4  as possible, the above-mentioned structure of the connection axis  2  is expedient, namely with the supporting element  2   a,    2   b  distant from each other clearing an intermediate space Z in the direction of the axis A. Since, in this case, the connection axis  2  does not have a continuous shaft but, so to speak, is interrupted, the closing clamp  7  may have a thickness D in its portion which is pushed in the closed position of  FIG. 1  into the intermediate space Z, the maximum magnitude of which only is limited by the useable distance in the intermediate space Z. 
   Replaceable contact wall surfaces  6  are secured at two opposite location of the outer surfaces  3   a ,  4   a , of the mold halves  3 ,  4 . The contact wall surface  6  e.g. may be contact metal sheets. The contact metal sheets are secured such that the free ends  10  of the closing clamp  7  clamp both mold halves  3 ,  4  in the closed position precisely at the locations of the contact sheet metals. Contact wall surface  6  may e.g. be made from a hardened spring steel sheet metal with a thickness of several millimeters and is inserted into a recess (not shown) such that its position is fixed and that it may be replaced upon demand. 
   Alternatively or additionally even the free ends  10  of the closing clamp  7  could be provided with replaceable wall surfaces, e.g. hardened steel sheet metal parts which can be replaced in case of wear. 
   A second embodiment of a blow mould  1  is shown in  FIGS. 2-4 , the structure of which corresponds to the structure of the first embodiment. A difference is that the contact sheet metals  6 ′ secured to the outer surfaces  3   a,    4   a  of the mould halves  3 ,  4  here extend further in a direction towards the connection axis  2 . The friction influences between the closing clamp  7  and the mould halves  3 ,  4  only result in wear of the contact sheet metals  6 ′. Furthermore, a spring element  11  is provided to automatically move both mould halves  3 ,  4  open when the closing clamp  7  is moved away. The spring element  11  comprises at least one spring  12  spanned between fixation rods  13  at the mould halves  3 ,  4 . The spring force of spring  12  pulls both mould halves  3 ,  4  outwardly in the opened position and about the connection axis  2 , i.e. without a separate drive. 
   For stability reasons, e.g. two spring elements  11  may be provided. The support elements  2   a,    2   b  are supported at the upper end and the lower end of the connection axis on stub shafts  15  (FIG.  4 ), respectively, which are attached to a not shown component of the blow mould. In  FIGS. 3 and 4  a pneumatic cylinder  14  is indicated at the push rod  9  of the pushing device. In this embodiment both mould halves  3 ,  4  have a three-part structure. Each mould halve consists of an outer shell  3 ′,  4 ′, and inner receptacle form  3 ′″,  4 ′″, and a mother form  3 ″ inserted between the outer shell and the receptacle form. The mother form  3 ″ may be equipped with not shown cooling holes or heating holes, respectively, in order to cool or heat the receptacle form  3 ′″,  4 ′″. In case that no mother form is used, the cooling holes/heating holes alternatively could be provided in the outer shell  3 ′,  4 ′. 
   It is important that the mould separation surfaces  3   b,    4   b  are pressed against each other without gaps for tightly defining the mould cavity  5 . Alternatively, it is possible to press the separation surfaces  3   b,    4   b  against each other without gaps only in the region of the receptacle form  3 ′″,  4 ′″, such that in the closed position gaps may remain between the separation surfaces  3   b,    4   b  in the region of the shells  3 ′,  4 ′, and/or of the mother forms  3 ″,  4 ″. 
   A third embodiment of a blow mould  1  according to the invention is illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . The blow mould  1  of  FIGS. 5 and 6  differs from the embodiment of  FIGS. 2  to  4 , because a rotary rod or a roller  17  is rotatably supported in each free end  10  of the closing clamp  7 . The rotary rod or the roller  17  extends parallel to the axis A of the blow mould  1 , and e.g. is provided in a recess. The rods  17  are rotatably supported in the closing clamp  7  about their axes M and are located at both sides of the plane S of symmetry such that during the closing procedure they will find direct contact with the outer surfaces of the mould halves or contact metal sheets  6 ′ provided there. 
   The contact metal sheets  6 ″ have flattened portions at locations remote from the connection axis  2 . The rotary rods are seated at the flattened portions in the closed position (FIG.  6 ), in order to produce a sort of an over dead point latching or a ratchet latching function, respectively. 
   The further embodiment of  FIGS. 7 and 8  corresponds substantially with the embodiment of  FIGS. 2-4 . However, at both sides of the blow mould halves  3 ,  4  cylindrical or rod shaped abutment elements  20  made from steel are placed which are parallel to the axis A′. The abutment elements  20  are secured in fixed positions at not shown supporting components. 
   In  FIG. 8  the relative distance between the abutment elements  20  is selected such that in the closed position of the blow mould  1  the free ends  10  of the closing clamp  7  respectively are clamped between one abutment element  20  and the respective outer surface  3   a,    4   a  of the mould halves  3 ,  4 . In this case the abutment elements  20  will take up a significant part of the forces, which e.g. act on the mould halves  3 ,  4  and the closing clamp  7  due to the pressure occurring in cavity  5  during the blowing process. As a consequence, the dimensions of the closing clamp  7  may be reduced despite such high forces and the entire assembly may save mounting space. 
   In the opened position the mould halves  3 ,  4  in  FIG. 7  will rest  4   a  at the abutment elements  20  by their outer surfaces  3   a,    4   a.  For that reason the maximum opening angle between the mould halves will be defined. The spring element  11  may be dimensioned such that the spring  12  in  FIG. 7 , i.e. in the opened condition of the blow mould, will be relaxed at least substantially. 
   In  FIG. 9  a rotary runner assembly containing several blow moulds  1  is illustrated schematically. Four blow moulds  1  as in the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8  are arranged side-by-side along the arc of a circle. The two blow moulds  1  on the left side are shown in their closed positions as in FIG.  8 . The two blow moulds  1  on the right side are shown in the opened positions as in FIG.  7 . In this case one and the same abutment element  20  is associated to respective two blow moulds  1  such that the oppositely directed reaction forces of two closed blow moulds  1  are substantially cancelled at the abutment element  20 . The arrangement is mechanically particularly stable and extremely space saving. 
   An arrangement having a respective single abutment element  20  between two adjacent blow moulds is not only of advantage in a rotary runner assembly, but also in a linear runner assembly in which the blow moulds are arranged in a linear array. 
   The method according to the invention will be described for a stretching blow cycle with the help of  FIGS. 2-4 , even though a similar operation also may be applied for forming cycles in a glass blowing machine. Prior to a stretching blow cycle the blow mold  1  is in the opened position shown in FIG.  2 . Both mold halves  3 ,  4  are pivoted e.g. about 25° relative to the plane S of symmetry. The closing clamp  7  remains shifted away in the direction R that is far enough from mold halves  3 ,  4  that there is no contact between the closing clamp  7  and an outer surface  3   a ,  4   a . Alternatively the free ends  10  of the clamping clamp  7  could, however, define the maximal opening angle of the mold halves  3 ,  4  by contact with the contact surfaces  6 ,  6 ′. In  FIG. 2 , first the springs  12  are holding the mold halves  3 ,  4  in the opened position. Next a pre-formed part is inserted into the cavity  5 . Then the mold halves  3 ,  4  are brought into the closed position according to  FIG. 2 , as follows. The closing clamp  7  is adjusted by the pneumatic cylinder  14  until it contacts by portions  15  of the free ends  10  the outer surfaces  3   a ,  4   a  in the vicinity of the connection axis  2 . In  FIGS. 2-4  in this case, e.g. the contact surfaces  6 ′ are contacted. By means of the pneumatic cylinder  14  the mold halves  3 ,  4  then are pivoted to each other into the closed position about the connection axis  2  and counter to the force of the spring  12 . In the closed position shown in  FIG. 3  the separation surfaces  3   b ,  4   b  are abutting each other tightly or without gaps, respectively. During the closing operation the closing clamp  7  slides along the outer surfaces  3   a ,  4   a , starting from the side of the connection axis  2 , and into the position shown in FIG.  3 . The distance between the free ends  10  is selected such that it substantially corresponds to the outer dimension of the mold halves  3 ,  4  in their closed position, and such that the closing clamp  7  will produce the needed force to hold the mold halves in the closed position. In the closed position the top and bottom forms (not shown) are moved towards the mold halves  3 ,  4 . Subsequently, a blowing pressure of e.g. up to 40 bars is produced for the stretching blowing process in the closed blow mold  1 . The pre-formed part is then brought into its desired contoured shape. 
   As a consequence of the function of the closing clamp as a closing device and as a device for holding the blow mould in the closed position according to the invention, it is assured that the necessary closing force will be maintained even in case of high inner pressures in the cavity  5 , and without additional pressure back-up means. 
   After completion of the stretching blowing process cycle the blow mould  1  is opened by driving the pneumatic cylinder  14  in the opposite direction and by pulling the closing clamp  7  in the direction R away from the mould halves  3 ,  4 . The spring  10 , which has been stretched during the closing operation, then will pivot the mould halves  3 ,  4  outwardly about the connection axis  2 . 
   The blow mould according to the invention and the method according to the invention allow to safely close the blow mould, and to hold the blow mould closed in the closed position, by a mechanically simple and space saving design and without the need of further latching means. 
   In the further embodiment of the blow mould  1  in  FIG. 10  the closing clamp additionally is used as an opening device. With the help of tension springs  12 ′ attached to anchor rods  13 ′ of the mould halves  3 ,  4  and the closing clamp  7 , respectively, which springs  12 ′ are substantially relaxed in the shown closed position, the mould halves  3 ,  4  will be spread apart into the opened position about the connection axis  2  when the closing clamp  7  is pulled backwards. The connection axis  2  is divided in this case. The open position may be defined by the contact between the free ends  10  of the closing clamp  7  and the mould halves  3 ,  4 . As an option, furthermore, links  21  may be linked to each mould halve  3 ,  4  at anchors  22 ,  23  to adjust the mould halves  3 ,  4  forcedly into the opened position as soon as the closing clamp  7  is moved away from the closed position. It is to be noted for  FIG. 10  that, of course, both mould halves  3 ,  4  may define more than one cavity  5 ,  5 ′ with each other. The free ends  10 , of the closing clamp  7 , in this case, should then engage relatively precisely in the middle between both cavities  5 ,  5 ′. Even more than two cavities  5 ,  5 ′ might be provided as well. 
   In the embodiment of  FIG. 10  the equipment with the tension springs  10 ,  12  might suffice as an opening device. For safety reasons, however, the pulling links  21  may be provided additionally. To avoid an undesirable interference of the pulling links  21  in the closed position it is of advantage to support the pulling links by longitudinal holes  24  with a clearance such that the closing clamp  7  first will carry out a predetermined force stroke out of the closed position before the pulling links  21  come into action. Alternatively, it is possible to omit the tension springs  12 ′ and to open the mould halves  3 ,  4  with the help of the pulling links  21  only, as is indicated in  FIG. 11  for a further embodiment of a blow mould  1 . 
   In case of the blow mould  1  in  FIG. 11  both mould halves  3 ,  4  exclusively are opened with the help of the pulling links  21 . The pulling links  21 , e.g. are linked to pins  22 ,  23  of the mould halves  3 ,  4  and to the closing clamp  7 . Longitudinal holes  24  provide a free partial stroke thanks to which the pulling links  21  do not interfere properly when the mould halves  3 ,  4  are held in the closed position but start to act only after a predetermined stroke of the closing clamp  7  takes place when the closing clamp  7  is pulled away.