Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to foreign language instruction and translation methods. A system is provided which utilizes tonal and rhythm visualization components to allow a person to “see” their words as they attempt to speak a foreign language or a specific regional dialect. The system is also applicable to foreign language translation systems and allows students to improve their pronunciation by responding to visual feedback which incorporates both color and shape. The system may comprise a step-by-step instruction method, along with recording and playback features. Certain embodiments incorporate statistical analysis of student progress, remote access for teacher consultation, and video games for enhancing student interest.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/913,017, filed Apr. 20, 2007, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Accent or Dialect Instruction”, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/913,015 filed Apr. 20, 2007 entitled “Method and Apparatus for Foreign Language Instruction”, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/913,010, filed Apr. 20, 2007, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Foreign Language Translation.” This application also relates to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/830,386 filed Jul. 12, 2006 entitled “Apparatus and Method for Visualizing Musical Notation”, United States Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/827,264 filed Jul. 11, 2007 entitled “Apparatus and Method for Visualizing Music and Other Sounds”, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/921,578, filed Apr. 3, 2007, entitled “Device and Method for Visualizing Musical Rhythmic Structures”, and United States Utility patent application Ser. No. 12/023,375 filed Jan. 31, 2008 entitled “Device and Method for Visualizing Musical Rhythmic Structures”. All of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates generally to language instruction and translation and, more specifically, to a system and method for foreign language instruction and translation using analysis of tonal and rhythmic structures. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0003]    Learning a foreign language outside of a classroom environment is generally accomplished through the process of listening to, and then repeating, prerecorded words and phrases. Often, no feedback or critique is involved, so that the person attempting to learn the language has no idea if they are pronouncing words correctly. Without some form of instruction that verifies the accuracy of the spoken words, learning a foreign language is a hit or miss proposition. The process becomes even more difficult for individuals wishing to perfect regional or country-specific accents or dialects. Proper vocal techniques to learn and maintain an accent or dialect are difficult to master and it is often hard to progress in any significant way outside of the actual time spent with an instructor. 
         [0004]    Some translation devices are available that employ the use of a language-to-language dictionary or phrasebook, but they generally require that the word in one language be typed via a small keyboard or keypad located on the device, with the corresponding foreign language word thereafter appearing. Some translators will generate a synthesized voice that gives a generic pronunciation of the word, but the translator does not provide a genuine pronunciation as one would expect from a person whose native language is that to which words and phrases are being translated. Methods are needed which improve the accuracy and efficiency of foreign language processing. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    Accordingly, in one aspect, A foreign language processing system is disclosed, comprising a user input device, a processing device, and a display; wherein said processing device executes computer readable code to select a foreign language word which corresponds to the meaning of a native language word entered by a user using said user input device, wherein said processing device executes computer readable code to create a first visual representation of said foreign language word for output on said display; and wherein said first visual representation is generated according to a method comprising the steps of: (a) labeling the perimeter of a circle with a plurality of labels corresponding to a plurality of equally spaced frequency intervals in an octave, such that moving clockwise or counter-clockwise between adjacent ones of said labels represents a first frequency interval; (b) identifying an occurrence of a first frequency within the foreign language word; (c) identifying an occurrence of a second frequency within the foreign language word; (d) identifying a first label corresponding to the first frequency; (e) identifying a second label corresponding to the second frequency; (f) creating a first line connecting the first label and the second label. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]    The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee. 
           [0007]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of a twelve-tone circle according to one embodiment. 
           [0008]      FIG. 2  is a diagram of a twelve-tone circle showing the six intervals. 
           [0009]      FIG. 3  is a diagram of a twelve-tone circle showing the chromatic scale. 
           [0010]      FIG. 4  is a diagram of a twelve-tone circle showing the first through third diminished scales. 
           [0011]      FIG. 5  is a diagram of a twelve-tone circle showing all six tri-tones. 
           [0012]      FIG. 6  is a diagram of a twelve-tone circle showing a major triad. 
           [0013]      FIG. 7  is a diagram of a twelve-tone circle showing a major seventh chord. 
           [0014]      FIG. 8  is a diagram of a twelve-tone circle showing a major scale. 
           [0015]      FIGS. 9-10  are diagrams of a helix showing a B diminished seventh chord. 
           [0016]      FIG. 11  is a diagram of a helix showing an F minor triad covering three octaves. 
           [0017]      FIG. 12  is a perspective view of the visual representation of percussive music according to one embodiment shown with associated standard notation for the same percussive music. 
           [0018]      FIG. 13  is a two dimensional view looking along the time line of a visual representation of percussive music at an instant when six percussive instruments are being simultaneously sounded. 
           [0019]      FIG. 14  is a two dimensional view looking perpendicular to the time line of the visual representation of percussive music according to the disclosure associated with standard notation for the same percussive music of  FIG. 12 . 
           [0020]      FIG. 15  is a schematic block diagram showing a foreign language processing system according to one embodiment. 
           [0021]      FIG. 16  depicts a visual representation of a sound spoken in a foreign language according to one embodiment. 
           [0022]      FIG. 17  depicts a visual representation of a multi-syllable word spoken in a foreign language according to one embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0023]    For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, and alterations and modifications in the illustrated device, and further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein are herein contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates. 
         [0024]    Before describing the system and method of foreign language processing, a summary of the above-referenced music tonal and rhythmic visualization methods will be presented. The tonal visualization methods are described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/827,264 filed Jul. 11, 2007 entitled “Apparatus and Method for Visualizing Music and Other Sounds” which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
         [0025]    There are three traditional scales or ‘patterns’ of musical tone that have developed over the centuries. These three scales, each made up of seven notes, have become the foundation for virtually all musical education in the modem world. There are, of course, other scales, and it is possible to create any arbitrary pattern of notes that one may desire; but the vast majority of musical sound can still be traced back to these three primary scales. 
         [0026]    Each of the three main scales is a lopsided conglomeration of seven intervals: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Major scale: 
                 2 steps, 2 steps, 1 step, 2 steps, 2 steps, 2 steps, 1 step 
               
               
                 Harmonic Minor 
                 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1 
               
               
                 Scale: 
               
               
                 Melodic Minor 
                 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1 
               
               
                 Scale: 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0027]    Unfortunately, our traditional musical notation system has also been based upon the use of seven letters (or note names) to correspond with the seven notes of the scale: A, B, C, D, E, F and G. The problem is that, depending on which of the three scales one is using, there are actually twelve possible tones to choose from in the ‘pool’ of notes used by the three scales. Because of this discrepancy, the traditional system of musical notation has been inherently lopsided at its root. 
         [0028]    With a circle of twelve tones and only seven note names, there are (of course) five missing note names. To compensate, the traditional system of music notation uses a somewhat arbitrary system of ‘sharps’ (#&#39;s) and ‘flats’ (b&#39;s) to cover the remaining five tones so that a single notation system can be used to encompass all three scales. For example, certain key signatures will have seven ‘pure letter’ tones (like ‘A’) in addition to sharp or flat tones (like C #  or G b ), depending on the key signature. This leads to a complex system of reading and writing notes on a staff, where one has to mentally juggle a key signature with various accidentals (sharps and flats) that are then added one note at a time. The result is that the seven-note scale, which is a lopsided entity, is presented as a straight line on the traditional musical notation staff. On the other hand, truly symmetrical patterns (such as the chromatic scale) are represented in a lopsided manner on the traditional musical staff. All of this inefficiency stems from the inherent flaw of the traditional written system being based upon the seven note scales instead of the twelve-tone circle. 
         [0029]    To overcome this inefficiency, a set of mathematically based, color-coded MASTER KEY™ diagrams is presented to better explain the theory and structures of music using geometric form and the color spectrum. As shown in  FIG. 1 , the twelve tone circle  10  is the template upon which all of the other diagrams are built. Twelve points  10 . 1 - 10 . 12  are geometrically placed in equal intervals around the perimeter of the circle  10  in the manner of a clock; twelve points, each thirty degrees apart. Each of the points  10 . 1 - 10 . 12  on the circle  10  represents one of the twelve pitches. The names of the various pitches can then be plotted around the circle  10 . It will be appreciated that in traditional musical notation there are more than one name for each pitch (e.g., A #  is the same as B b ), which causes inefficiency and confusion since each note can be ‘spelled’ in two different ways. In the illustrated embodiment, the circle  10  has retained these traditional labels, although the present disclosure comprehends that alternative labels can be used, such as the letters A-L, or numbers  1 - 12 . Furthermore, the circle  10  of  FIG. 1  uses the sharp notes as labels; however, it will be understood that some or all of these sharp notes can be labeled with their flat equivalents and that some of the non-sharp and non-flat notes can be labeled with the sharp or flat equivalents. 
         [0030]    The next ‘generation’ of the MASTER KEY™ diagrams involves thinking in terms of two note ‘intervals.’ The Interval diagram, shown in  FIG. 2 , is the second of the MASTER KEY™ diagrams, and is formed by connecting the top point  10 . 12  of the twelve-tone circle  10  to every other point  10 . 1 - 10 . 11 . The ensuing lines—their relative length and color—represent the various ‘intervals.’ It shall be understood that while eleven intervals are illustrated in  FIG. 2 , there are actually only six basic intervals to consider. This is because any interval larger than the tri-tone (displayed in purple in FIG.  2 ) has a ‘mirror’ interval on the opposite side of the circle. For example, the whole-step interval between C (point  10 . 12 ) and D (point  10 . 2 ) is equal to that between C (point  10 . 12 ) and A #  (point  10 . 10 ). 
         [0031]    Another important aspect of the MASTER KEY™ diagrams is the use of color. Because there are six basic music intervals, the six basic colors of the rainbow can be used to provide another way to comprehend the basic structures of music. In a preferred embodiment, the interval line  12  for a half step is colored red, the interval line  14  for a whole step is colored orange, the interval line  16  for a minor third is colored yellow, the interval line  18  for a major third is colored green, the interval line  20  for a perfect fourth is colored blue, and the interval line  22  for a tri-tone is colored purple. In other embodiments, different color schemes may be employed. What is desirable is that there is a gradated color spectrum assigned to the intervals so that they may be distinguished from one another by the use of color, which the human eye can detect and process very quickly. 
         [0032]    The next group of MASTER KEY™ diagrams pertains to extending the various intervals  12 - 22  to their completion around the twelve-tone circle  10 . This concept is illustrated in  FIG. 3 , which is the diagram of the chromatic scale. In these diagrams, each interval is the same color since all of the intervals are equal (in this case, a half-step). In the larger intervals, only a subset of the available tones is used to complete one trip around the circle. For example, the minor-third scale, which gives the sound of a diminished scale and forms the shape of a square  40 , requires three transposed scales to fill all of the available tones, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . The largest interval, the tri-tone, actually remains a two-note shape  22 , with six intervals needed to complete the circle, as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
         [0033]    The next generation of MASTER KEY™ diagrams is based upon musical shapes that are built with three notes. In musical terms, three note structures are referred to as triads. There are only four triads in all of diatonic music, and they have the respective names of major, minor, diminished, and augmented. These four, three-note shapes are represented in the MASTER KEY™ diagrams as different sized triangles, each built with various color coded intervals. As shown in  FIG. 6 , for example, the major triad  600  is built by stacking (in a clockwise direction) a major third  18 , a minor third  16 , and then a perfect fourth  20 . This results in a triangle with three sides in the respective colors of green, yellow, and blue, following the assigned color for each interval in the triad. The diagrams for the remaining triads (minor, diminished, and augmented) follow a similar approach. 
         [0034]    The next group of MASTER KEY™ diagrams are developed from four notes at a time. Four note chords, in music, are referred to as seventh chords, and there are nine types of seventh chords.  FIG. 7  shows the diagram of the first seventh chord, the major seventh chord  700 , which is created by stacking the following intervals (as always, in a clockwise manner): a major third, a minor third  16 , another major third  18 , and a half step  12 . The above description illustrates the outer shell of the major seventh chord  700  (a four-sided polyhedron); however, general observation will quickly reveal a new pair of ‘internal’ intervals, which haven&#39;t been seen in previous diagrams (in this instance, two perfect fourths  20 ). The eight remaining types of seventh chords can likewise be mapped on the MASTER KEY™ circle using this method. 
         [0035]    Every musical structure that has been presented thus far in the MASTER KEY™ system, aside from the six basic intervals, has come directly out of three main scales. Again, the three main scales are as follows: the Major Scale, the Harmonic-Minor Scale, and the Melodic-Minor Scale. The major scale is the most common of the three main scales and is heard virtually every time music is played or listened to in the western world. As shown in  FIG. 8  and indicated generally at  800 , the MASTER KEY™ diagram clearly shows the major scale&#39;s  800  makeup and its naturally lopsided nature. Starting at the top of the circle  10 , one travels clockwise around the scale&#39;s outer shell. The following pattern of intervals is then encountered: whole step  14 , whole step  14 , half step  12 , whole step  14 , whole step  14 , whole step  14 , half step  12 . The most important aspect of each scale diagram is, without a doubt, the diagram&#39;s outer ‘shell.’ Therefore, the various internal intervals in the scale&#39;s interior are not shown. Since we started at point  10 . 12 , or C, the scale  800  is the C major scale. Other major scales may be created by starting at one of the other notes on the twelve-tone circle  10 . This same method can be used to create diagrams for the harmonic minor and melodic minor scales as well. 
         [0036]    The previously described diagrams have been shown in two dimensions; however, music is not a circle as much as it is a helix. Every twelfth note (an octave) is one helix turn higher or lower than the preceding level. What this means is that music can be viewed not only as a circle but as something that will look very much like a DNA helix, specifically, a helix of approximately ten and one-half turns (i.e. octaves). There are only a small number of helix turns in the complete spectrum of audible sound; from the lowest auditory sound to the highest auditory sound. By using a helix instead of a circle, not only can the relative pitch difference between the notes be discerned, but the absolute pitch of the notes can be seen as well. For example,  FIG. 9  shows a helix  100  about an axis  900  in a perspective view with a chord  910  (a fully diminished seventh chord in this case) placed within. In  FIG. 10 , the perspective has been changed to allow each octave point on consecutive turns of the helix to line up. This makes it possible to use a single set of labels around the helix. The user is then able to see that this is a B fully diminished seventh chord and discern which octave the chord resides in. 
         [0037]    The use of the helix becomes even more powerful when a single chord is repeated over multiple octaves. For example,  FIG. 11  shows how three F minor triad chords look when played together over three and one-half octaves. In two dimensions, the user will only see one triad, since all three of the triads perfectly overlap on the circle. In the three-dimensional helix, however, the extended scale is visible across all three octaves. 
         [0038]    The above described MASTER KEY™ system provides a method for understanding the tonal information within musical compositions. Another method, however, is needed to deal with the rhythmic information, that is, the duration of each of the notes and relative time therebetween. Such rhythmic visualization methods are described in United. States Utility Patent Application No. 12/023,375 filed Jan. 31, 2008 entitled “Device and Method for Visualizing Musical Rhythmic Structures” which is also hereby incorporated by reference. 
         [0039]    In addition to being flawed in relation to tonal expression, traditional sheet music also has shortcomings with regards to rhythmic information. This becomes especially problematic for percussion instruments that, while tuned to a general frequency range, primarily contribute to the rhythmic structure of music. For example, traditional staff notation  1250 , as shown in the upper portion of  FIG. 12 , uses notes  1254  of basically the same shape (an oval) for all of the drums&#39; in a modern drum kit and a single shape  1256  (an ‘x’ shape) for all of the cymbals. What is needed is a method that more intuitively conveys the character of individual rhythmic instruments and the underlying rhythmic structures present in a given composition. 
         [0040]    The lower portion of  FIG. 12  shows one embodiment of the disclosed method which utilizes spheroids  1204  and toroids  1206 ,  1208 ,  1210 ,  1212  and  1214  of various shapes and sizes in three dimensions placed along a time line  1202  to represent the various rhythmic components of a particular musical composition. The lowest frequencies or lowest instrument in the composition (i.e. the bass drum) will appear as spheroids  1204 . As the rhythmical frequencies get higher in range, toroids  1206 ,  1208 ,  1210 ,  1212  and  1214  of various sizes are used to represent the sounded instrument. While the diameter and thicknesses of these spheroids and toroids may be adjustable components that are customizable by the user, the focus will primarily be on making the visualization as “crisply” precise as possible. In general, therefore, as the relative frequency of the sounded instrument increases, the maximum diameter of the spheroid or toroid used to depict the sounding of the instrument also increases. For example, the bass drum is represented by a small spheroid  1204 , the floor tom by toroid  1212 , the rack tom by toroid  1214 , the snare by toroid  1210 , the high-hat cymbal by toroid  1208 , and the crash cymbal by toroid  1206 . Those skilled in the art will recognize that other geometric shapes may be utilized to represent the sounds of the instruments within the scope of the disclosure. 
         [0041]      FIG. 13  shows another embodiment which utilizes a two-dimensional view looking into the time line  1202 . In this embodiment, the spheroids  1204  and toroids  1206 ,  1208 ,  1210  and  1212  from  FIG. 12  correspond to circles  1304  and rings  1306 ,  1308 ,  1310  and  1312 , respectively. The lowest frequencies (i.e. the bass drum) will appear as a solid circle  1304  in a hard copy embodiment. Again, as the relative frequency of the sounded instrument increases, the maximum diameter of the circle or ring used to depict the sounding of the instrument also increases, as shown by the scale  1302 . 
         [0042]    Because cymbals have a higher auditory frequency than drums, cymbal toroids have a resultantly larger diameter than any of the drums. Furthermore, the amorphous sound of a cymbal will, as opposed to the crisp sound of a snare, be visualized as a ring of varying thickness, much like the rings of a planet or a moon. The “splash” of the cymbal can then be animated as a shimmering effect within this toroid. In one embodiment, the shimmering effect can be achieved by randomly varying the thickness of the toroid at different points over the circumference of the toroid during the time period in which the cymbal is being sounded as shown by toroid  1204  and ring  1306  in  FIGS. 12 and 13 , respectively. It shall be understood by those with skill in the art that other forms of image manipulation may be used to achieve this shimmer effect. 
         [0043]      FIG. 14  shows another embodiment which utilizes a two dimensional view taken perpendicular to the time line  1202 . In this view, the previously seen circles, spheroids, rings or toroids turn into bars of various height and thickness. Spheroids  1204  and toroids  1206 ,  1208 ,  1210 ,  1212  and  1214  from  FIG. 12  correspond to bars  1404 ,  1406 ,  1408 ,  1410 ,  1412 , and  1414  in  FIG. 14 . For each instrument, its corresponding bar has a height that relates to the particular space or line in, above, or below the staff on which the musical notation for that instrument is transcribed in standard notation. Additionally, the thickness of the bar for each instrument corresponds with the duration or decay time of the sound played by that instrument. For example, bar  1406  is much wider than bar  1404 , demonstrating the difference in duration when a bass drum and a crash cymbal are struck. To enhance the visual effect when multiple instruments are played simultaneously, certain bars may be filled in with color or left open. 
         [0044]    The spatial layout of the two dimensional side view shown in  FIG. 14  also corresponds to the time at which the instrument is sounded, similar to the manner in which music is displayed in standard notation (to some degree). Thus, the visual representation of rhythm generated by the disclosed system and method can be easily converted to sheet music in standard notation by substituting the various bars (and spaces therebetween) into their corresponding representations in standard notation. For example, bar  1404  (representing the bass drum) will be converted to a note  1254  in the lowest space  1260   a  of staff  1252 . Likewise, bar  1410  (representing the snare drum) will be converted to a note  1256  in the second highest space  1260   c  of staff  1252 . 
         [0045]    The 3-D visualization of this Rhythmical Component as shown, for example, in  FIG. 12 , results in imagery that appears much like a ‘wormhole’ or tube. For each composition of music, a finite length tube is created by the system which represents all of the rhythmic structures and relationships within the composition. This finite tube may be displayed to the user in its entirety, much like traditional sheet music. For longer compositions, the tube may be presented to the user in sections to accommodate different size video display screens. To enhance the user&#39;s understanding of the particular piece of music, the 3-D ‘wormhole’ image may incorporate real time animation, creating the visual effect of the user traveling through the tube. In one embodiment, the rhythmic structures appear at the point “nearest” to the user as they occur in real time, and travel towards the “farthest” end of the tube, giving the effect of the user traveling backwards through the tube. 
         [0046]    The two-dimensional view of  FIG. 13  can also be modified to incorporate a perspective of the user looking straight “into” the three-dimensional tube or tunnel, with the graphical objects made to appear “right in front of” the user and then move away and into the tube, eventually shrinking into a distant center perspective point. It shall be understood that animation settings for any of the views in  FIGS. 12-14  can be modified by the user in various embodiments, such as reversing the animation direction or the duration of decay for objects which appear and the fade into the background. This method of rhythm visualization may also incorporate the use of color to distinguish the different rhythmic structures within a composition of music, much like the MASTER KEY™ diagrams use color to distinguish between tonal intervals. For example, each instance of the bass drum being sounded can be represented by a sphere of a given color to help the user visually distinguish it when displayed among shapes representing other instruments. 
         [0047]    In other embodiments, each spheroid (whether it appears as such or as a circle or line) and each toroid (whether it appears as such or as a ring, line or bar) representing a beat when displayed on the graphical user interface will have an associated small “flag” or access control button. By mouse-clicking on one of these access controls, or by click-dragging a group of controls, a user will be able to highlight and access a chosen beat or series of beats. With a similar attachment to the Master Key™ music visualization software (available from Musical DNA LLC, Indianapolis, Ind.), it will become very easy for a user to link chosen notes and musical chords with certain beats and create entire musical compositions without the need to write music using standard notation. This will allow access to advanced forms of musical composition and musical interaction for musical amateurs around the world. 
         [0048]    The present disclosure utilizes the previously described visualization methods as the basis for a system of foreign language processing and instruction. The easily visualized tonal and rhythmic shapes allow a person to “see” their sounds or words as they attempt to pronounce them correctly and clearly. The system can benefit individuals wishing to learn a foreign language outside of a traditional classroom setting. Even students having the benefit of a live instructor will improve their comprehension due to the intuitive feedback provided by the disclosed system. Actors who normally employ voice coaches to help them master a specific dialect for a particular role can also utilize the system to perfect their reproduction of the required accent. 
         [0049]      FIG. 15 , shows, in schematic form, one embodiment of a foreign language processing system  1500  according to the present disclosure. The system  1500  may include a first subsystem  1501  including a digital audio input device  1502 , a microphone  1503 , a scanning device  1506  for inputting written text  1505 , a processing device  1508 , data storage device  1509 , a display  1510 , user input devices such as keyboard  1512  and mouse  1514 , a printer device  1516  and one or more speakers  1520 . These devices are coupled to allow the input of a person&#39;s voice into the processing device  1508  so that their voice may be produced by the speaker  1520  and visual representations of their voice, optionally in conjunction with visual representations of corresponding foreign language words, may be displayed, printed or manipulated by users. Digital audio input device  1502  and scanning device  1501  are also operatively coupled to processing device  1508  to provide reference input for the user in the form of audio signals or written text. 
         [0050]    The digital audio input device  1502  may include a digital music player such as an MP3 device or CD player, an analog music player, instrument or device with appropriate interface, transponder and analog-to-digital converter, or a digital music file, as well as other input devices and systems. The digital audio information may contain prerecorded voice recordings that can be visualized to serve as an example for the user when comparing visualizations of their own voice. 
         [0051]    The processing device  1508  may be implemented on a personal computer, a workstation computer, a laptop computer, a palmtop computer, a wireless terminal having computing capabilities (such as a cell phone having a Windows CE or Palm operating system), a game terminal, or the like. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that other computer system architectures may also be employed. 
         [0052]    In general, such a processing device  1508 , when implemented using a computer, comprises a bus for communicating information, a processor coupled with the bus for processing information, a main memory coupled to the bus for storing information and instructions for the processor, a read-only memory coupled to the bus for storing static information and instructions for the processor. The display  1510  is coupled to the bus for displaying information for a computer user and the input devices  1512 ,  1514  are coupled to the bus for communicating information and command selections to the processor. A mass storage interface for communicating with data storage device  1509  containing digital information may also be included in processing device  1508  as well as a network interface for communicating with a network. 
         [0053]    The processor may be any of a wide variety of general purpose processors or microprocessors such as the PENTIUM microprocessor manufactured by Intel Corporation, a POWER PC manufactured by IBM Corporation, a SPARC processor manufactured by Sun Corporation, or the like. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, however, that other varieties of processors may also be used in a particular computer system. Display  1510  may be a liquid crystal device (LCD), a cathode ray tube (CRT), a plasma monitor, a holographic display, or other suitable display device. The mass storage interface may allow the processor access to the digital information in the data storage devices via the bus. The mass storage interface may be a universal serial bus (USB) interface, an integrated drive electronics (IDE) interface, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) interface or the like, coupled to the bus for transferring information and instructions. The data storage device  1509  may be a conventional hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a flash device (such as a jump drive or SD card), an optical drive such as a compact disc (CD) drive, digital versatile disc (DVD) drive, HD DVD drive, BLUE-RAY DVD drive, or another magnetic, solid state, or optical data storage device, along with the associated medium (a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD, etc.) 
         [0054]    In general, the processor retrieves processing instructions and data from the data storage device  1509  using the mass storage interface and downloads this information into random access memory for execution. The processor then executes an instruction stream from random access memory or read-only memory. Command selections and information that is input at input devices  1512 ,  1514  are used to direct the flow of instructions executed by the processor. Equivalent input devices  1514  may also be a pointing device such as a conventional trackball device. The results of this processing execution are then displayed on display device  1510 . 
         [0055]    The processing device  1508  is configured to generate an output for viewing on the display  1510  and/or for driving the printer  1516  to print a hardcopy. Preferably, the video output to display  1510  is also a graphical user interface, allowing the user to interact with the displayed information. 
         [0056]    The system  1500  may optionally include one or more subsystems  1551  substantially similar to subsystem  1501  and communicating with subsystem  1501  via a network  1550 , such as a LAN, WAN or the internet. Subsystems  1501  and  1551  may be configured to act as a web server, a client or both and will preferably be browser enabled. Thus with system  1500 , remote teaching is made possible when an instructor is not able to be physically present. System  1500  may also be configured to be portable so an individual can continue to practice and improve their foreign language or dialect ability even after the sessions with a live instructor have ended, thereby avoiding the potential problem with stagnation or regression due to the lack of continuing instruction. 
         [0057]    In operation, microphone  1503  is operative to receive or pick up words or phrases of a person attempting to speak a foreign language. In this context, foreign language is contemplated to mean a language other than the natural or familiar language of an individual. Microphone  1503  creates signals representative of the words or phrases that have been spoken and applies them to processor  1508 . Processor  1508  creates tonal and rhythm visualization components from the microphone signals and displays them on display  1510 . The material that is spoken may be reproduced via speaker  1520 , if desired. The processing device  1508  may receive stored or archived visualization components, preferably in an encoded or digital format, from the data storage device  1509 . Reference audio signals may also be retrieved from data storage device  1509  or digital audio input device  1502 . 
         [0058]    The visualization components, whether in encoded or unencoded form, contain information relating to the particular words or phrase of interest, including pitch, timbre, and volume, as non-limiting examples. The visualization components of the words or phrases spoken by a person may be stored in data storage device  1509 , or recorded on removable or portable media, as may the visualization components of the same words or phrases spoken by an individual whose native language is that which the person is attempting to learn. The visualization components of the spoken words or phrases may be used to create a visual side-by-side comparison to aid the person in gauging his or her progress over time in learning the foreign language. By viewing the specific characteristics of the tonal and rhythm visualization components, e.g., shapes and colors, of the words or phrases spoken by the person, as compared to the same words or phrases spoken by the individual speaking in their native language, the person can immediately see the areas where their vocal technique is deficient, e.g., maintaining correct inflection, controlling voice modulation, etc. The visualization components allow the person to practice fundamentals, e.g., matching the pronunciation of a single word, as well as more complex techniques, e.g., reciting complete sentences with proper grammar. The person can then concentrate or focus on specific areas that require improvement or are most relevant for the needs of the person, with any improvement or regression being immediately visible on display  1510 . 
         [0059]    In order to visualize the individual components of a person&#39;s speech, the system  1500  can implement software operating as an audio signal or note extractor. The audio extractor examines the voice signals received by the microphone  1503  and determines which frequencies are most important to the sounding of a given syllable or word. The frequency content is then mapped to certain colors within a tonal circle or helix and displayed to the user. Various audio frequency extraction methods are described in U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/025,374 filed Feb. 1, 2008 entitled “Apparatus and Method for Visualization of Music Using Note Extraction” which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
         [0060]    It shall be understood that while the tonal circle and helix has been described above as having twelve subdivisions corresponding to twelve notes in a musical scale, a higher or lower number of subdivisions can be used to represent the complex nature of the human voice. This is particularly important when visualizing speech sounds or patterns.  FIG. 16  depicts one embodiment where visualization  1602  is generated based on a person&#39;s voice, with the circle  1606  divided into an equal number of frequency intervals within a desired ranged (in this case, 500 Hz to 1000 Hz). The radial position of each of the indicators  1604  corresponds to the relative amplitude of the person&#39;s voice at that frequency. By observing that certain frequencies are more prevalent in certain spoken syllables, the student can use the visualizations to correct their pronunciation. For example, if the person is not producing an “S” sound with enough emphasis, one of the higher frequency components will be displayed closer to the center of circle  1606 . Conversely, an over emphasized “B” sound will be displayed as a peak in a corresponding lower frequency. In addition to a single circle format, the visualization can be translated to helical form in order to display a multi-octave range of frequencies. 
         [0061]      FIG. 17  shows an example of another visualization  1700  wherein lines  1704  connect points  1702  which represent the primary vocal frequency sensed for each syllable in a word.  FIG. 17  displays the octave range from 500 Hz to 1000 Hz (one of the octaves within the human speech range), however it will be understood that any desired range can be used. The lines  1704  may also incorporate color as described hereinabove to further visualize the individual&#39;s vocal characteristics. In certain embodiments, the position and length of a line  1704  can represent pitch, with the color of the line  1704  representing the duration of time between tonal transitions. As another non-limiting example, the color of lines  1704  can correspond to the amplitude of each spoken syllable. In that way, particular vocal intonations, such as words spoken with an accent, can be identified in the encoded visualization signal information. 
         [0062]    In addition to tonal frequency changes, the system  1500  can provide visualization of the rhythm components of a person&#39;s voice. Because the proper pronunciation of letters or words is often dependent on rhythm or cadence, these visualizations will help students of a foreign language understand whether they are correctly annunciating a particular word. For example, a “B” sound has a short attack time and a relatively longer release. This rhythm could be visualized as a small diameter spheroid, much like a bass drum as described hereinabove. On the other hand, an “S” sound is a more open ended sound which could be visualized much like a cymbal in the preceding examples. 
         [0063]    The present disclosure contemplates that a user may purchase foreign language instruction or lessons pre-programmed on electronic storage media, with or without printed materials. The program or software, accessed by processing device  1508  via data storage device  1509 , for example, will then provide a step-by-step process for learning various words or vocal techniques using the previously described understandable tonal and rhythm visualization systems. The program or software will provide speech visualization for the student, and the program can be configured to provide both the visualization of the word or phrase that the student was supposed to vocalize, as well as the word or phrase that was actually vocalized by the student. Through the use of this real-time visual feedback, a student can immediately determine both visually, and aurally, that a mistake was made. The correction that is required to be made in order to speak the passage properly is also evident from the visualization system, either by merely viewing the correct visualization shape, color, or pattern, or by hints or specific instruction to the student, e.g., “you need to roll your tongue more during ‘R’ sounds.” 
         [0064]    The present disclosure also contemplates that system  1500  may incorporate a “shape filter,” which will show a particular shape or visualization using gray or dimly-lit lines. When the user speaks words that correspond to the desired visualization, the points and lines representing those sounds will change color or become otherwise accentuated to provide further visual reinforcement to the user that the correct sounds are being vocalized. The system  1500  can also be configured to only output “correct” sounds. That is, sounds or notes vocalized by the user that are not part of the word or shape being taught will not be sounded or visually displayed. This prevents the user from being discouraged during the learning process and helps the user focus on the desired sounds. 
         [0065]    The program or software will also be able to maintain statistics relating to the user&#39;s accuracy rate and provide rewards for improved performance. The student&#39;s accuracy can be measured both in terms of actual correct sounds in addition to rhythm accuracy. In certain embodiments, the system will keep track of which words or phrases the user has mastered so that the user can make more efficient use of practice time, concentrating on areas of difficulty. The program or software can also be configured to require a certain level of skill or mastery of a set of words or phrases before allowing the student to continue to the next level or stage of instruction. The mastery level and statistical data for each user can be managed using unique user login information. When a user logs in, the system will be able to retrieve all of the data associated with that user. This will allow multiple users to utilize a single system as in a multi-use classroom environment or by accessing the software from an application service provider using the internet or other appropriate communications link. In addition, data storage device  1509  can be used to save the current training or performance session, along with all associated audio and visualization information, for later retrieval and analysis. 
         [0066]    The instruction software or program can be configured to include a complete instructional regimen, or be sold as individual programs that require the purchase of successive modules as the student progressed in expertise. Sales of the instructional modules can be through stores, by on-line sales, or through direct downloads of software, and proof of prior accomplishment can be required to purchase the next module in an instructional series, if such control is desired. 
         [0067]    Remote access to subsystem  1501  via network  1550  can provide help from an actual foreign language instructor or voice coach if a student needs additional help, or to demonstrate a level of accomplishment to enable advancement, for example. Access to an instructor may entail extra cost or a certain amount of instructor time may be included in the cost of the instruction programs or modules. Subsystem  1551 , connected via network  1550 , may also provide a source of instruction that can supplement or take the place of the previously described pre-programmed cards or modules, as well as a source of additional information, “extra credit” exercises or practice pieces, or the ability to purchase added components for system  1500  or other items. Downloads of the instructional software can also be available via subsystem  1551  and network  1550 . In certain embodiments, a “virtual” instructor can be provided, such as computer generated voice, with or without a graphical human representation, which prompts the user through the various exercises 
         [0068]    The system  1500  can also be implemented as a video gaming system in which foreign language instruction can be combined with video games to provide additional interest and enjoyment to learning language, through the use of the tonal and rhythm visualization systems, of course. Games and interactive exercises can be included in the previously described pre-programmed modules as well. The games can award points based on performance of certain words or musical scales, and allow users to collaborate and play against each other remotely over a network. The use of games in connection with the visualization systems can be especially interesting for younger students. 
         [0069]    While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes, modifications and equivalents that come within the spirit of the disclosure provided herein are desired to be protected. The articles “a,”, “an,” “said,” and “the” are not limited to a singular element, and may include one or more such elements.