Abstract:
The method of precision winding of yarn into packages by frequently changing the wind ratio within one winding cycle solves the problem related to frictional force “F r ”, which is generated in the odd layer at unwinding of packages, by introducing a quite innovative technique of threads winding on the tube in odd winding-on layers and even layers. To carry out the method according to this invention, it does not matter if the driver of thread guides of the winder, on which a package is wound, changes the direction of its rotation or not. If the driver of thread guide, i.e. the servomotor does not change the direction of rotation, it must be taken into consideration that the number of guides should be a multiple of the length of thread guides carriers, and the distance between them should match the length “L” of the package. The thread can be wound on a cylindrical or conical tube, with or without flanges at back end of the package. Odd layers are wound equally from virtual point “b′” to virtual point “d′”, and even layers are wound equally from virtual point “f′” to virtual point “g′”. 
     Thus, the key characteristic of the method according to this invention is that there is no difference between the technique of odd layer and the technique of even layer winding-on within one winding cycle, regardless of whether the package is wound with five cones or on cylindrical or conical tube, with flange or without flange at the back end of package, or with two cones and with disc-shaped flange at its back end.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of Slovenian Patent Application P-200600284 filed Dec. 7, 2006, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a method of precision winding of textile yarn into packages by frequently changing the wind ratio within one winding cycle, or in other words, the method of directing and winding threads on tubes so that the winding structure of odd layers in the package differs from the structure of even layers. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    According to the international patent classification this invention belongs to B65H 54/02, B65H 55/04, and additionally, to B65H 81/00. 
         [0004]    Various methods of yarn winding on tubes have been known so far. U.S. Pat. No. 6,027,060 presents the method of yarn cross winding on cylindrical tubes with cross treads, which prevents the occurrence of ribbon winding, and which at the same time provides step precision winding by calculating for each cycle a new wind ratio which decreases in a step. Each cycle consists of a double motion of the thread guide along the tube; the wind ratio represents the ratio of the number of spindle rotations and the double motion of the thread guide. Winding based on the method according to this invention increases the uniformity of the package density and, consequently, enables faster unwinding of such a package in comparison with the package wound by the method which enables the occurrence of ribbon winding. The most typical feature of ribbon winding is that the helices of the wound yarn stack one upon another, which means even helices upon even ones, and odd helices upon odd ones. Weakness and deficiency of this known solution is above all in the fact that in one and the same cycle, the distance between helices of odd layers is the same as that of even layers, only that some are left and the others right. Due to such winding technique of odd layers, which are wound on a tube from the back end towards the front end, over which the thread will be unwound later, it is not possible to achieve the desired higher speed of unwinding despite the elimination of ribbon winding. 
         [0005]    There are also some other known solutions according to the following patents U.S. Pat. No. 4,667,889; U.S. Pat. No. 4,697,753; U.S. Pat. No. 4,771,961; U.S. Pat. No. 5,056,724; U.S. Pat. No. 5,348,238; U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,277; U.S. Pat. No. 6,027,060; EP 0 194 524; SI 9111546 and EP 0 578 966, however, neither of them provides as high speed of thread unwinding from the tube as is required for weft insertion in modern looms. The reason is that those solutions almost ignore the fact that odd layers in cross-wound packages represent a great obstacle for achieving higher speeds of unwinding; namely, odd layers are wound from the back end of the package towards its front end, over which the thread is unwound, and with the same distance between helices as in even layers in the same cycle. 
         [0006]    It is characteristic of described known solutions that the methods of cross winding which are based on random, precision or step precision cross winding of the yarn on cylindrically or conically shaped tubes. Within one winding cycle, the thread is guided by the thread guide from the back end towards the front end of the package, which represents the odd layer, and in the reverse direction, from the front end towards the back end of the package, which represents the even layer. In one and the same cycle, the pitch of the thread helix in the odd layer does not differ, or does not differ substantially from the pitch of the thread helix in the even layer. The fact is that with the known methods of cross winding, the helices created by the threads in odd layers always lie in the planes which are inclined towards the back end of the package so that they form, with the parallel line, the angle smaller than 90°. The parallel line is represented by the longitudinal central axis of the package looked towards the back end of the package. The helices created by the threads in even layers lie in the planes inclined towards the front end of the package so that they form, with the parallel line, the angle larger than 90°. In this case, as well, the longitudinal central axis of the package, if looked towards the back end of the package, represents the parallel line. 
         [0007]    Another common characteristic of the known parallel techniques of closed winding of threads on tubes is that the helices created by the thread lie closely together on the bobbin, and form with the longitudinal central axis of the tube the angle, which is near 90°. With this known method, the pitch of the helices is preferentially the same as the diameter of the wound thread. 
         [0008]    Weakness and deficiency of the described known solutions of yarn winding on tubes is above all in the fact that the pitch of the thread helices is identical in even and odd layers, and the angle formed between these helices and the parallel line, i.e. the longitudinal central axis of the package in the direction towards the back end of the package, can be smaller or larger than 90°. The described structure of even and odd layers does not provide high enough speed of threads unwinding from packages. Namely, unwinding of the threads from even layers in the direction from the back to the front end of the package is carried out under the angle of a helix larger than 90°. Because of such angle, and of the simultaneous change of the thread motion, the traction force, the so-called reaction inertial force is generated. Since this force does not substantially obstruct unwinding of threads, it can be ignored in this case. Completely different is the case in relation to the dynamics of threads unwinding from odd layers that have been wound in the direction from the package back end to its front end. Namely, the angle between the helices and the parallel line, i.e. the longitudinal central axis of the package in the direction of the back end of the package is smaller than 90°. Due to such angle, the force which tracts the thread in the direction of unwinding acts also on the portion of the thread which is still on the package by pressing the thread against the package. Since the thread is sliding over the package surface, the reactive frictional force acting in the opposite direction of the thread unwinding direction is generated in addition to the mentioned traction force. It should be noted that at a particular speed of unwinding, this frictional force is increasing with the decreasing angle of helices, and vice-versa. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    The technical problem solved by this invention is formation of such structure of layers in packages which would prevent unfavorable unwinding dynamics of the thread in odd layers during unwinding from a tube; the angle between the longitudinal axis of the package, if looked towards the back end of the package, and the position of the thread in odd layers will be approximately 90°. As a result, the frictional force is reduced during unwinding of the thread from packages so that unwinding can proceed with high speed; at the same time, the structure of the packages will be compact, and both ends will be stabilized. 
         [0010]    The invention solves the problem by introducing the method of precision winding of textile yarn on tubes by frequently changing the wind ratio within the same winding cycle, and by stabilizing the yarn package ends at the same time. If the thread guide changes the direction of winding, textile yarn will be wound on a tube with or without a flange at the back end, to produce packages consisting of seven sequences and five cones. At the same time, by continuously changing the package length within the interval of the thread guide travel length, different structure of odd and even layers in the package will be obtained, with odd layers being wound as parallel as possible. The produced package will be stable, compact and step precision wound. Furthermore, the invented method enables winding of threads on tubes also in the cases in which the thread guide does not change the direction of travel, which means in the cases when a servomotor which drives the thread guide carrier or carriers does not change the direction of its rotation. In such cases, each package having the thread wound on a tube with one disc-shaped flange on the back end will consist of two sequences and two cones. It will be also possible to change the package length to be a multiple of the thread guide carrier length, while the distance between the thread guides will be the same as the length of the package. Further, the invention will be more precisely described in the two feasibility examples that follows, i.e. the first preferential feasibility example producing the yarn package consisting of five cones and being step precision wound, and the second feasibility example producing the yarn package consisting of two cones, for packages with either a cylindrical or conical tube, with or without a flange on the back end of the tube. 
         [0011]    The various features of novelty, which characterize the invention, are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which the preferential feasibility examples of the invention are illustrated. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0012]    In the drawings: 
           [0013]      FIG. 1  is a schematic view of forces acting on threads during their unwinding from odd and even layers of cross winding packages; 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a cross section view of the longitudinal section of the package wound by changing the direction and the speed of the thread guide travel by using the method according to this invention, together with symbolic presentation of the package surface within individual sectors; 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is a side view of the package produced by using the method according to this invention with the thread wound on a conical tube by changing the direction and the speed of the thread guide travel; 
           [0016]      FIG. 3A  is a side view of the package produced by using the method according to this invention with the thread wound on a cylindrical tube by simultaneously changing the direction and the speed of the thread guide travel; 
           [0017]      FIG. 3B  is a diagram of the thread guide travel speed during thread winding on tube by using the method according to this invention, which corresponds to the package with cylindrical tube presented in  FIG. 3A ; 
           [0018]      FIG. 3C  is an enlarged view of the diagram shown in  FIG. 3B ; 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  is a side view of the package produced by using the method according to this invention, with the thread wound on a cylindrical tube by changing the direction and the speed of the thread guide travel, with a conical flange on the back end for stabilization; 
           [0020]      FIG. 4A  is a diagram, which is similar to  FIG. 3B , for the package which corresponds to the package with a cylindrical tube having a conical flange in  FIG. 4 ; 
           [0021]      FIG. 5  is a side view of the package produced by using the method according to this invention, with the thread wound on a cylindrical tube without changing the direction of the thread guide travel, i.e. without changing the direction of rotation of the servomotor, which drives the thread guide carrier or carriers, with a disc-shaped flange to stabilize the package back end; 
           [0022]      FIG. 5A  is a diagram of the thread guides travel speed during threads winding on a tube by using the method according to this invention without changing the direction of travel, which corresponds to the package with cylindrical tube having a disc-shaped flange in  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0023]      FIG. 6  is a diagram presenting the comparison of the stresses exerted on a thread during thread unwinding from the packages between the known methods and the method according to this invention, by which the thread is wound on a cylindrical tube without a flange by changing the direction and the speed of the thread guide travel; and 
           [0024]      FIG. 7  is a photograph of a package wound on a cylindrical tube without flange by using the method according to this invention, by changing the direction and the speed of the thread guide travel. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0025]    Referring to the drawings in particular, and referring to the  FIG. 1  schematically presenting the difference between the action of certain forces, which are generated during unwinding of threads  20  from odd layers  3  and even layers  4  of packages  1  wound by using the known methods of cross winding of packages  1 , in optional points A and A′, which is the basis for the description and understanding of the problem and, at the same time, for understanding of the essence of the method according to this invention, which solves this problem. The point is that the thread  20  is unwound in the opposite direction of winding, which means that the thread  20  of odd layers  3  is unwound in direction D, i.e. from front end  18  to back end  19  of packages  1 , and that the thread  20  of even layers  4  is unwound in the opposite direction C, i.e. from back end  19  to front end  18  of packages  1 . 
         [0026]    As already described, point A in  FIG. 1  represents an optional point at unwinding of the thread  20  of odd layer  3  in direction D, and point A′ represents an optional point at unwinding of the thread  20  of even layer  4  in direction C with optional traction force F. Due to accelerations at high speeds of unwinding, inertial forces F v  and F v ′ are generated. In odd layers, the thread  20  is wound in such a way that in certain point A its helices close the angle α, which is smaller than 90°. In that case, in point A the traction force F acts also on a portion of thread  20  in odd layer  3 , i.e. on its length from point A to point T, which still lies on package  1 . During unwinding, the portion of thread  20  between points A and T presses on the surface of package  1  and slides over it; as a result, frictional force F r , which acts in the direction of the helix of thread  20  in the odd layer, is generated. Force F r  acts until thread  20  rises in point A and detaches from the surface of package  1 . The component, which in that case acts in the opposite direction of traction force F, is approximately proportional to the product of F r *cos α. The problem with the frictional force appears only when thread  20  of odd layers  3  is unwound; there is no such problem with unwinding of thread  20  of even layers  4  due to the angle α′ being larger than 90° as is shown in point A′. 
         [0027]    As a result of rotation of thread  20 , the centrifugal force and the Corioli&#39;s force are generated between points A and B, and A′ and B during unwinding from package  1 ; both forces are almost equal in odd layers  3  and even layers  4 , but since they have no substantial effect on the method according to this invention, they will not be specially mentioned. Point B equals the point of the position of guide  2 * of thread  20  on the appropriate machine, on which packages  1 , which have been previously wound by changing the winding ratio in one cycle according to this invention. 
         [0028]    At unwinding of odd layer  3 , thread  20  starts to rise from the surface of package  1  in point A. The effect of traction force F occurs lengthwise the thread  20  from point A to point T. Since in that case, angle α is considerably smaller than 90°, additional frictional force F r , is generated and likewise inertial force F v . At unwinding of even layer  4 , thread  20  starts to rise from the surface of package  1  in point A′, and as a result, inertial force F′ v  is generated. Since angle α′ is larger than 90° in that case, frictional force F r  is not generated at unwinding of thread  20  from even layer  4  of package  1 . It should be said once again that angle α or α′ presents the angle between the longitudinal central axis of package  1  if looked towards the back end  19  of package  1 , and the position created by the helix of thread  20  in the odd layer  3  or even layer  4  on the surface of package  1 . 
         [0029]    It follows from the above facts that the major problem which arises in relation to cross winding of thread  20  in both, odd layers  3  and even layers  4  of packages  1 , lies in the technique of winding of odd layers  3 , i.e. in generation of frictional force F r  at unwinding of thread  20  from odd layers. In order to solve this problem, which means to reduce the value of frictional force F r , packages  1  should be wound in such a way that angle α of thread  20  in odd layers  3  will approach as much as possible the angle 90°—this is the basic and key feature of the invented method. It is important that at winding of thread  20  of even layers  4 , the distance between helices of thread  20  are gradually decreasing creating in this way a cone on the surface of package  1  even if a cylindrical tube  12  is used; as a result, the value of frictional force F r  is decreasing as well. It is required that package  1  remains stable during the process of unwinding, which means that thread  20  does not separate from package  1  at front end  18  and back end  19  of package  1 . Such stability of package  1  is obtained by cross winding of a portion of length of package  1  at its front end  18  over which thread  20  will be unwound later, and by creating cone  9  at front end  18  of package  1 . Stabilization of back end  19  of package  1  is achieved by its winding in the shape of a cone or a truncated cone. In some other feasibility example, back end  19  of package  1  can be stabilized with an additional conical flange  14  positioned on a tube  12 . 
         [0030]    In the upper part of  FIG. 2 , the structure of odd layers  3  and even layers  4  of package  1  is presented, and in the lower part of  FIG. 2 , the surface of package  1  is presented symbolically. Both presentations are located inside the area of package  1 , i.e. in the area of its outside five cones  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9 , and sectors L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4  and L 5  which together make length L of package  1 . Package  1  is wound on tube  12 , without added flange  14  or flange  21 , by means of guide  2  of thread  20  which changes the direction and the speed of its travel during winding. In addition, in that case, partly cross-wound package  1  consists of an optional number of odd layers  3  and even layers  4  created by winding thread  20 . Odd layers  3  are wound in direction C, which means from back end  19  towards front end  18  of package  1  or tube  12 , and are therefore unwound in the opposite direction D, which means from front end  18  towards back end  19 . Just the contrary applies for even layers  4  which are wound in direction D, which means from front end  18  towards back end  19  of package  1  or tube  12 , and are therefore unwound in opposite direction C, which means from back end  19  towards front end  18 . The structure of package  1  is obtained by sequencing seven travel sequences of guide  2  of thread  20  through odd layers  3  and even layers  4 , which is presented in the diagram in  FIGS. 3B and 3C . The above description refers to packages  1  that have thread  20  wound on cylindrical or conical tube  12  presented in  FIGS. 3 and 3A  but does not refer to packages  1  that have thread  20  wound on tubes  12 , with an additional conical flange  14  or additional disc-shaped flange  21  on its back end  19  as is presented in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , and which is going to be described in detail later. 
         [0031]    As already said, package  1  presented in  FIG. 2  has five outside cones  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9 , which are arranged throughout the entire length L of package  1 , i.e. within the area of five sectors L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4  and L 5  in the following way: the outside cone  5  lies in sector L 1 , cone  6  in sector L 2 , cone  7  in sector L 3 , cone  8  in sector L 4 , and outside cone  9  in sector L 5 . It is also evident from  FIG. 2  that sector L 3  is in fact formed of both, the helices of odd layers  3  and the helices of even layers  4  of the preceding sector L 2  and the following sector L 4 , the result of which is interlacing of layers  3  and  4 . Namely, sector L 3  begins in the vertical plane  10  lying rectangular to the longitudinal axis of tube  12  and with that of package  1 , and ends in the plane  11  being parallel to the plane  10 . The two planes are connected with a line positioned diagonally to the longitudinal axis of tube  12 ; this diagonal line connects their extreme points, which are diagonally apart dotted line in  FIG. 2 . In other words, point  10  represents the beginning of cross winding of a portion of the first odd layer  3 , and point  11  represents the beginning of cross winding of a portion of the last odd layer  3 . The dotted line, which connects points  10  and  11 , simulates the shift of the beginning of cross winding of a portion of odd layers  3  towards back end  19  of package  1 . Narrowing of front end  18  of package  1  over which thread  20  is unwound from odd layers  3  and even layers  4  is the result of decreasing density of helices and because of that, increasing distance between helices in the direction of winding of thread  20  in odd layers  3  on one hand, and on the other hand, the result of increasing density of helices and because of that decreasing the distance between helices in the direction of winding of thread  20  in even layers  4 . Package  1  is cross-wound in the area of sectors L 3 , L 4  and L 5  by changing the wind ratio at each rotation of tube  12 , which means that the wind ratio changes for each helix. This only partly applies for odd layers  3 , which are under the dotted line between planes  10  and  11  wound rather parallel, likewise in sector L 1  or L 2 . This winding technique according to this invention provides full stabilization of front end  18  of packages  1 . The length of the area of cross winding, i.e. of sectors L 3 , L 4  and L 5  usually does not exceed one fifth to one fourth of the entire length L of packages  1 , depending on their length and on the type of yarn or thread  20 . As a rule, the length L of packages  1  is longer with multifilament yarn than with spun yarn. L 1 , inside which outside cone  5  is located, has two basic functions. The first function is stabilization of back end  19  of package  1  to avoid separation of thread  20  from package  1  due to the used technique of winding of thread  20  in odd layers  3 , and partly also in even layers  4  in their path in direction D from front end  18  to back end  19  of package  1 . In addition to that, the occurrence of ribbon or stack winding with the helices of thread  20  stacking one upon another in odd layers  3  at winding of package  1  would be avoided in this way. The same applies also for even layers  4 . In the first odd layer  3 , inside the sectors L 1 , and L 2 , and partly also L 3 , thread  20  is wound almost parallel as its helices lie in the planes which are virtually pierced by the axis of package  1  under the angle slightly smaller than 90°, whereas the wind ratio and the speed of the thread guide inside the sectors L 1  and L 2 , and partly L 3  do not change. In even layers  4  and inside the area of sectors L 1  and L 2 , thread  20  is cross-wound in such a way that the pitch of helices gradually decreases in the direction of winding. Winding of even layer  4  begins when guide  2  of thread  20  starts to travel in direction D towards back end  19  of package  1 .  FIG. 3B  shows that guide  2  reaches the highest speed at the end of sector L 4  when it already moves towards back end  19  of package  1 , where its speed starts to gradually decrease. Consequently, also the pitch of the helices of thread  20  in odd layers  3  and even layers  4  gradually decreases, and at the same time, the density of their winding increases. The result is a conical shape of package  1  in sector L 2  even in the case of winding thread  20  onto package  1  with a cylindrical tube. With increased inclination or cone of packages  1  inside sector L 2 , frictional force F r , which is generated at unwinding of odd layers  3  as a result of thread  20  sliding over the surface of package  1 , decreases. The cone of package  1  in sector L 2  is more pronounced at winding of thread  20  on a conical tube  12  than at its winding on a cylindrical tube  12 . Inside sectors L 4  and L 5 , and partly L 3 , thread  20  of odd layers  3  is cross-wound; the wind ratio changes in the area of sectors L 4  and L 5 , and partly L 3 . Thread  20  is cross-wound also in even layers  4 , in which the wind ratio changes as well. In sectors L 4  and L 5 , and partly L 3  the distance between helices of thread  20  in odd layers  3  gradually increases because of the previously described changes of the wind ratio. The speeds of guide  2  in path L at winding of thread  20  in direction C in odd layers  3 , and in direction D in even layers  4  are presented and described in  FIG. 3C . 
         [0032]    Tubes  12 , on which thread  20  is wound in odd layers  3  and even layers  4 , may be of a cylindrical or conical shape, with or without flanges  14  or  21 .  FIG. 3  presents a package  1  with a conically shaped tube  12 , and  FIG. 3A  presents a package  1  with a cylindrically shaped tube  12 . It is evident that with conical tube  12 , cone  6  in sector L 2  of package  1  is much more pronounced than with the cylindrical tube  12 . It has been already explained in  FIG. 2  that within each sector, from sector L 1  to sector L 5  including, there is at least one corresponding outside cone  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  or  9 . 
         [0033]      FIG. 3B  presents the diagram of speed of guide  2  at winding of thread  20  into odd layers  3  and even layers  4  of package  1  throughout its entire length L, and in the area of individual sectors L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4  and L 5  respectively, inside which outside cones  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9  are created. Slightly magnified and clearer, this diagram is presented also in  FIG. 3C . Two winding cycles, the first and the second are presented. Each cycle consists of one odd layer  3  and one even layer  4 , which are wound on the tube  12  in direction C or D. Odd layers  3  are wound in direction C, and even layers  4  in direction D. Each cycle consists of seven segments. It is evident in  FIG. 3C  that the first cycle is going on in course a′-b′-c′-d′-e′-f′-g′-a*′ and creates the following seven segments: a′-b′; b′-c′; c′-d′; d′-e′; e′-f′; f′-g′ and g′-a*′. The second cycle is going on in course a*′-b*′-c*′-d*′-e*′-f*′-g′-a**′ and creates the following seven segments: a*′-b*′; b*′-c*′; c*′-d*′; d*′-e*′; e*′-f*′; f*′-g*′ and g*′-a**′. 
         [0034]    The diagram in  FIG. 3B and 3C  shows that at winding of thread  20  in odd layers  3  and even layers  4 , path L of thread guide  2  equals length L of package  1 , which extends from a′ to e′, and which will be designated L=a′e′. It represents the first coordinate, i.e. the abscissa axis in the coordinate system presented in the diagram. The ordinates of absolute speeds V 1  and V 2  of guide  2  represent the other coordinate in this coordinate system. In fact, it is presented how guide  2  reaches a particular different speed V 1  in direction C or speed V 2  in direction D throughout length L of package  1 , i.e. a particular speed V 1 , V 2  in each individual sector from L 1  to incl. L 5 , which together represent length L of package  1 . For example, in the path from a′ to b′, guide  2  reaches the speed V 1 =b, and in the path from c′ to d′ speed V 1  of guide  2  increases from c to d. Thus, at winding of thread  20  on a tube  12 , into odd layers  3  and even layers  4  alternatively, guide  2  traverses a particular path L at particular speeds V 1  or V 2 ; in the diagram, speeds V 1 , V 2  represent the first coordinate, and path L the other. 
         [0035]    As already said, the ordinates of absolute speeds V 1  and V 2  of guide  2  are on the left side of the diagram in  FIG. 3C . The ordinate V 1  represents the speeds of guide  2  moving from back end  19  towards front end  18  of package  1 , i.e. in direction C, and the ordinate V 2  represents the speeds of guide  2  moving in opposite direction from front end  18  towards back end  19  of package  1 . 
         [0036]    It has been also said already that the first cycle of winding by using the method according to this invention consists of two layers: the odd layer  3 , in which thread  20  is wound in direction C, and the even layer  4 , in which thread  20  is wound in direction D. In the diagram in  FIG. 3C , the move and the speed of guide  2  will be monitored first through seven mentioned segments of the first cycle. At winding of odd layer  3  in direction C, guide  2  of thread  20  stands still in point a′ and, then, in the path from a′ to b′ it reaches speed b. In the path from point b′ to c′, the speed of guide  2  and, consequently, of thread  20  does not change and remains constant. In the path from c′ to d′, the speed of guide  2  increases from speed c=b to speed d. In the path from d′ to e′, guide  2  begins to stop and stops definitively in point e′. At this moment, winding of odd layer  3  in direction C in the first winding cycle is completed. 
         [0037]    The first cycle proceeds by winding thread  20  in even layer  4  in direction D. In the path from e′ to f′, guide  2  reaches speed f. In the path from f′ to g′, the speed of guide  2  decreases from speed f to speed g. In the path from g′ to a*′, guide  2  of thread  20  begins to stop and stops definitively in point a*′. 
         [0038]    The second winding cycle of package  1  according to this invention also consists of the combination of odd layer  3  being wound in direction C, and even layer  4  being wound in direction D. The description of the path traversed by guide  2  and, consequently, by thread  20 , in the second cycle follows. In direction C from point a*′, in which guide  2  stands still, to point b*′, the speed of guide  2  increases from the starting speed of 0 to speed b* which is the same as speed b in the above described first cycle. After that, the speed of guide  2  with thread  20  in odd layer  3  does not change from point b*′ to point c*′, and remains constant throughout this path. In point c*′, the speed of guide  2  is equal to c*, and c* is equal to b*. In the path from point c*′ to point d*′, the speed of guide  2  increases to d*, which is equal to speed d in the first cycle. The speed of guide  2  begins to decrease in the path between points d*′ and e*′, and falls from speed d* to speed  0  in point e*′. Winding of the odd layer  3  in the second cycle is thus completed, and winding of the even layer  4  of the second cycle begins. In the path from point e*′ to point f*′, the speed of guide  2  of thread  20  increases from speed  0  in point e*′ to speed f* in point f*′. Then, the speed of guide  2  begins to decrease in the path from point f*′ to point g*′ and falls from speed f* to speed g*. The speed of guide  2  with thread  20  continues to decrease from speed g* to 0, which happens in the path from point g*′ to point a**′. Thus, in point a**′, the speed of guide  2  is equal to 0, which means that guide  2  of thread  20  has stopped completely. Winding of the even layer  4  in direction D, i.e. from front end  18  to back end  19  of package  1  in the second cycle is completed. 
         [0039]    The first and the second cycles of winding of thread  20  on a cylindrical or conical tube  12 , with or without flanges  14  and  21 , in odd layers  3  and even layers  4  alternately, which are described above, are original and novel concepts introduced by the method of winding packages  1  under this invention in the case when guide  2  of thread  20  changes the direction of travel, i.e. when servomotor which drives guide  2  changes the direction of rotation. 
         [0040]    It follows from the description of the first and the second cycles of the method that with the combination of various speeds of travel of guide  2  of thread  20  in the path lengthwise package  1 , five outside cones  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9  are created. As already said, packages  1  consist of a large, optional number of previously described double layers. A double layer means one completed cycle of winding of thread  20 , consisting of one odd layer  3  wound in direction C and one even layer  4  wound in direction D on tube  12  respectively package  1 . Outside cones from  5  to  9  inclusive are created in individual segments or stages inside individual sectors L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4  and L 5  in the path L lengthwise tube  12  of packages  1 . Their creation at winding of thread  20 , in odd layers  3  or even layers  4  on tubes  12  without flanges  14 ,  21  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 3B and 3C . 
         [0041]    Formation of outside cone  5  is the result of the difference between the path of guide  2  in the first and the second cycles, and in all other pairs of cycles that follow. The reason lies in the length of path L traversed by guide  2  of thread  20  between point a′ in the first cycle and point a*′ in the second cycle in which guide  2  and consequently thread  20  stops completely. 
         [0042]    Formation of outside cone  6  is the result of gradual decrease in speed of guide  2  of thread  20  in the path from point f′ to point g′. With the decrease in speed of guide  2  from speed f to speed g in this segment, the distances between helices of thread  20  wound in even layer  4  also gradually decreases, the result of which is the increased winding density of thread  20  on package  1  in this segment. 
         [0043]    Formation of outside cone  7  is the result of the changing position of point c′ after each winding cycle; speed c, which is the same as speed b, begins to change after each cycle so that in the second cycle it changes already in point c*′, which is closer to back end  19  of package  1  than point c′. The same applies for the following cycles. Formation of outside cone  8  is the result of the increase in speed c in point c′ to speed d in point d′ of guide  2  of thread  20 . Outside cone  8  is also the result of the winding technique of even layers  4  in this part of package  1 . When guide  2  of thread  20  reaches speed f in point f′, its speed begins to decrease, and it moves slowlier. Consequently, the distance between helices of thread  20  decrease, and the winding density of package  1  increases. 
         [0044]    Formation of outside cone  9  is the result of the difference between the path traversed by guide  2  of in the first and the second cycles, and in all the pairs of cycles that follow. The reason lies in the difference in the length of the path traversed by guide  2  of thread  20  between point e′ in the first cycle and point e*′ in the second cycle; in e*′, guide  2  and consequently thread  20  stop completely. 
         [0045]    Prior to winding, it is necessary to experimentally determine optimal values of the parameters of winding of packages  1  for each textile yarn or thread  20 , and to set the machine accordingly, i.e. to enter the parameters into the program of winding. There are at least fourteen parameters, including the parameter based on yarn or thread  20  thickness. After each completed winding cycle, the rotational speed of tube  12  on appropriate machines decreases. In this way, constant winding speed is provided. The quantity of the wound yarn or thread  20  is measured by the number of completed cycles, which means by the number of double layers of wound yarn, each of them consisting of one odd layer  3  and one even layer  4 . 
         [0046]    After winding of multifilament yarn or thread  20 , particularly of glass multifilament yarn or thread  20 , into packages  1  by using the method according to this invention, outside cone  5  in sector L 1  and outside cone  9  in sector L 5  are slightly gentler and longer than after winding of spun yarn or thread  20 , with final diameter of packages  1  being the same. It should be also noted that at winding of thread  20  in odd layers  3 , the distance between helices in sector L 2  does not change. Thus, in this part, winding is almost parallel. When sector L 3  is reached, the distance between helices of thread  20  gradually increases, and is the biggest at front end  18  of package  1 . However, in comparison with the entire length L of package  1 , the length of this portion of package  1  is relatively short. At unwinding of odd layer  3 , the length of the balloon increases between point A and point B respectively guide  2  of thread  20 . At the same time, the distance between helices of thread  20  decreases. The conditions of unwinding of odd layer  3  in sector L 3  do not considerably worsen because of that. Furthermore, the lengths of helices also increase at unwinding of thread  20  from even layer  4  between points a′ and e′ from  FIG. 3C , and at the same time, the length of the balloon decreases, which nullifies or neutralizes the effect of the increased the helix pitch length in sector L 3 . As already mentioned, unwinding of even layers  4  is not problematic. The narrowed portion of package  1 , wound by using the method according to this invention, enables the positioning of guide  2  of thread  20  closer to tube  12  at front end  18 , the result of which is decrease in the length of the mentioned balloon of thread  20  in both, odd layer  3  and even layer  4 . The narrowed portion of package  1  also enables successful unwinding of relatively long packages  1 , or threads  20  wound into these packages, without the balloon hitting against front end  18  of package  1 . 
         [0047]      FIG. 4  presents package  1  with odd layers  3  and even layers  4  of thread  20  wound on a cylindrical tube  12 , with an additional conical flange  14  on its back end  19 . The only difference between winding of yarn or thread  20  on a tube with flanges  14  and previously described winding on cylindrical and conical tubes  12  without flanges  14  is in the formation of an inside cone  13 , which has replaced an outside cone  5  of the previously described feasibility example in  FIGS. 3 and 3A . That is why only a part of the process of formation of this inside cone  13  by using the method according to this invention is going to be described, the description of the identical, already described process will not be repeated. 
         [0048]    On the surface of package  1  presented in  FIG. 4  having thread  20  wound on a cylindrical tube  12  with an additional conical flange  14 , four outside cones  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9  are created, while in the package, cone  13  is formed close to or on the inclined plane of the conical flange  14 . As it is presented in the diagram in  FIG. 4A , at winding of thread  20  on a cylindrical tube  12  with a flange  14 , inside cone  13  is formed in the path of guide  2  of threat  20  from point a′ to point a*′ in the first cycle, and in the path of guide  2  from point a*′ to point a**′ in the second cycle. The speed of guide  2  increases between point a′ and point b′ from 0 to b. The process, which is up to point g identical to the process already described in relation to  FIG. 3 ,  3 A,  3 B and  3 C, follows. After that, the speed of guide  2  in the first cycle abruptly falls in the path from point g′ to point a*′ from speed g to speed  0 . With this, the first winding cycle in relation to this feasibility example is completed, and the second cycle starts with abrupt increase in speed of guide  2  from 0 to b* in its path from point a*′ to point b*′. Then, up to point g*, an identical process as described for the previous feasibility example in relation to  FIGS. 3 ,  3 A,  3 B and  3 C, follows. In the path from point g*′ to point a**′, the speed of guide  2  abruptly falls from speed g* to 0 in point a**′, and guide  2  moves towards flange  14  for a distance equal to the path from point a*′ to point a**′. It should be noted that the travel speed of thread  20  along the tube is identical to the travel speed of guide  2  as they move together. 
         [0049]    A winding machine for winding threads  20  on cylindrical or conical tubes  12 , with or without an added cone flange  14 , in relation to which guides  2  of thread  20  change the direction of travel consists, as a rule, of several basic components and elements. Tubes  12  are placed on corresponding spindles; they are driven by the main motor that can be programmed. A digital/analogue converter provides communication between the control unit and the main motor. Prior to winding of packages  1  by using the method according to this invention, the frequency, i.e. the number of rotations of the spindle with tube  12  on it in a time unit is to be programmed. In this way, the starting number of rotations of tube  12  and consequently of package  1  is preset. In addition to that, any projected changes, including reductions, of the frequency after each completed winding cycle, i.e. after winding of each double layer—odd layer  3  and even layer  4  together, are to be programmed as well. The values of all these parameters are entered into the application program of the winding machine control mechanism. This control mechanism equipped with application program provides extremely flexible control of the motion of guide  2  with thread  20 , and efficient operation of a servomotor driving guide  2 . The application program of the winding machine is adapted for winding packages  1  on tubes  12 , with or without additional flanges  14 . 
         [0050]      FIG. 5  presents package  1  having thread  20  wound on cylindrical tube  12  with disc-shaped flange  21  at its back end  19 . The servomotor of the winding machine, on which package  1  is wound, which drives the carrier or carriers of guides  2  and  2 ′ of thread  20  does not change the direction of rotation during operation. Guides  2  and  2 ′ travel lengthwise package  1  in both directions—C and D. Guide  2 ′ travels in direction D winding thread  20  on tube  12  towards back end  19  of package  1 , whereas guide  2  travels in the opposite direction C, winding thread  20  on tube  12  towards front end  18  of package  1 . The distance between the oppositely moving guides  2  and  2 ′ equals the length of package  1 , and is a multiple of the length of the carrier of guides  2  and  2 ′. 
         [0051]      FIG. 5A  presents the diagram of the speed of guides  2  and  2 ′ of thread  20  at winding package  1  on the basis of the process described in relation to  FIG. 5 . Guide  2  moving towards front end  18  of package  1  grasps thread  20  in point b′, and proceeds with the unchanged speed b to point c′. In point c′, guide  2  with thread  20  has speed c, which is the same as speed b. From point c′ to point d′, which is at the same time front end  18  of package  1 , guide  2  of thread  20  travels with accelerated speed, and reaches the highest speed in point d′. Equal is the speed of guide  2 ′, which travels in the opposite direction towards back end  19  of package  1 . Guides  2  and  2 ′ of thread  20  can be mounted on one or two carriers, which are driven by one servomotor, and, as already said, they travel in the opposite directions—guides  2  in direction C, and guides  2 ′ in direction D. When guide  2  of thread  20 , which travels in direction C, reaches front end  18  of package  1 , i.e. point d′, it delivers thread  20  to guide  2 ′, which has reached point f′ f′=d′ and has speed f f=d, and which travels in opposite direction D. During moving towards back end  19  of package  1 , the speed of this guide  2 ′, which travels in direction D, decreases, and reaches speed g g=b at back end  19  of package  1 ; there, it delivers thread  20  to the next guide  2  which travels towards front end  18  of package  1 . With this, the first winding cycle is completed. All the cycles that follow are identical to the described first cycle, and are repeated until package  1  is completely wound. 
         [0052]    In the case of direct drive when the servomotor changes the direction of rotation, only one guide  2  of thread  20  per tube  12  is sufficient to carry out the method of winding of odd layer  3  and even layer  4  according to this invention. In the case of direct drive of tube  12  when servomotor does not change the direction of rotation, at least two guides  2  and  2 ′, or more are required for each tube  12 . More than two guides  2  and  2 ′ of thread  20  are necessary when it is required to change the length of package  1  during the winding process. In that case at least three or more guides  2  and  2 ′ are required. The number of guides  2  and  2 ′ is thus a multiple of the length of the carrier of guides  2  or  2 ′, and the distance between guides  2  and  2 ′ should be the same as the length L of package  1 . 
         [0053]    Therefore, in the case of direct drive of tube  12 , at least one pair of guides  2  and  2 ′ belongs to each tube  12 —one guide moving in direction C and winding thread  20  to tube  12  towards its front end  18 , the other guide moving in direction D and winding thread  20  on tube  12  towards its back end  19 . In their path in directions C and D, the described pair of guides  2  and  2 ′ exchanges one and the same thread  20  at the beginning and at the end of tube  12  during winding it in directions C and D so many times and so long that package  1  is wound completely. 
         [0054]    The diagram in  FIG. 6  compares stresses F cN, which are generated at unwinding of thread  20  from odd layers  3  and even layers  4  of packages  1 , in dependence of different speeds of unwinding V km/min. In fact, it is a comparative presentation of stress F, which is generated at unwinding of thread  20  from various packages  1 , some of them being wound by using the known methods, and the others by using the method according to this invention. 
         [0055]    Curve  15  simulates the speed of unwinding of thread  20  from cross-wound package  1 , which has been wound onto conically shaped tube  12  on a winder with circumferential drive by using a known method. The diagram in  FIG. 6  reveals that at unwinding of thread  20  from this package  1  with the speed of up to 1.2 km/min., force F with value 9 to 10 cN is generated in thread  20 . 
         [0056]    Curve  16  simulates the speed of unwinding of thread  20  from package  1 , which has been wound by using a known method, and which has a flat end, the so-called Top-Flat Package wound on the winding machine by Murata. This curve  16  shows that at unwinding of this package  1 , with the speed of 1.2 km/min., force F with value 3 to 4 cN is generated, which is approximately three times less than in the case of curve  15 . 
         [0057]    Curve  17  shows the speed of unwinding V of threads  20  from packages  1 , which have been previously wound on a tube without a flange  14  or  21  by using the method according to this invention. It is evident that the method according to this invention enables unwinding of yarn or thread  20 , which is 4 km long or even longer, from packages  1  in one minute, and with lower stress/force F, which is in fact the result of the decrease in frictional force F r . The experiments have revealed that at max. speed of unwinding V=4,000 m/min., the stress exerted on thread  20  was only 40 cN. It is also very important that at unwinding of packages  1 , which have been wound by using the method according to this invention, to which curve  17  refers, breakage of thread  20  did not occur in any case. In this experiment, length L of package  1  was 20 cm, and its diameter 13 cm. This means that the diameter of package  1  wound by using the method according to this invention was almost twice smaller than the diameter of packages  1  wound by using the known methods, to which curves  15  and  16  refer. At the same time, the length of package  1  that had been wound by using the method according to this invention was 5 cm longer than the length of packages  1  wound by using the known methods. 
         [0058]    Experiments have also proved that the method of winding packages  1  under this patent enables at least three or even four times faster unwinding of yarn or threat  20  from packages  1  than the known methods of winding packages  1 , by, at the same time, providing equal or even higher compactness of the winding structure of odd layers  3  and even layers  4 . It is also very important that at the speed of unwinding V=1.2 km/min. by using the method according to this method, the stress lower than 1 cN is generated. With the known solutions, this stress is even few times higher from 3 to 10 cN at the same speed V=1.2 km/min. In other words, this means that packages  1  wound by using the method according to this invention, can be unwound on average three to four times faster than packages  1  wound by using the known methods. It has been proved as well that despite such high speed V of unwinding, provided that quality yarn or thread  20  is used, 5% of breaking strength of thread  20  is not exceeded at the speed of unwinding 3 to 3.5 km/min. 
         [0059]    The most important original feature and advantage of the method according to this invention is that it provides such technique of winding odd layers  3  and even layers  4  into packages  1  which does not change, i.e. which remains the same either at winding package  1  with five cones  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8 ,  9   FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3  on a conical or cylindrical tube  12 , with or without flange  14  or  21 , or at winding package  1  with only two cones  6  and  8   FIG. 5  on tube  12 , with flange  21 . 
         [0060]      FIG. 7  presents package  1 , which has been wound by using the first preferential method under this patent, after 1,000 cycles of winding of yarn or thread  20  on package  1 , which corresponds to the description in relation to  FIGS. 3 and 3A . 
         [0061]    While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.