Abstract:
A metal strip casting apparatus and a method of casting continuous metal strip includes assembling a pair of counter-rotatable casting rolls having casting surfaces positioned laterally forming a nip between for casting, and delivering molten metal through a delivery nozzle disposed above the nip capable to form a casting pool supported on the casting rolls. The delivery nozzle comprises segments each having elongate nozzle body with longitudinally extending side walls, end walls and a bottom part to form an inner trough, a nozzle insert disposed above bottom portions of the inner trough of each segment and supported relative to the nozzle body through which incoming molten metal may be delivered to the inner trough of each segment of the delivery nozzle, and the elongate nozzle body of each segment having passageways in fluid communication with the inner trough and outlet openings capable of discharging molten metal from the nozzle body outwardly into the casting pool.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/013,791, filed Jan. 14, 2008, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/885,778, filed Jan. 19, 2007. The disclosures of both applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY 
       [0002]    This invention relates to making thin strip and more particularly casting of thin strip by a twin roll caster. 
         [0003]    It is known to cast metal strip by continuous casting in a twin roll caster. Molten metal is introduced between a pair of counter-rotating horizontal casting rolls which are cooled so that metal shells solidify on the moving roll surfaces, and are brought together at the nip between them to produce a solidified strip product delivered downwardly from the nip between the rolls. The term “nip” is used herein to refer to the general region at which the rolls are closest together. The molten metal may be poured from a ladle into a smaller vessel or tundish/distributor, from which it flows through a metal delivery nozzle located above the nip, which directs the molten metal to form a casting pool supported on the casting surfaces of the rolls above the nip. This casting pool is typically confined at the ends of the casting rolls by side plates or dams held in sliding engagement adjacent the ends of the casting rolls. 
         [0004]    In casting thin strip by twin roll casting, the metal delivery nozzles receive molten metal from the movable tundish and deposit the molten metal in the casting pool in a desired flow pattern. Previously, various designs have been proposed for delivery nozzles involving a lower portion submerged in the casting pool during a casting campaign, and having side openings through which the molten metal is capable of flowing laterally into the casting pool outwardly toward the casting surfaces of the rolls. Examples of such metal delivery nozzles are disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 09-103855 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,012,508. In prior art metal delivery nozzles, there has been a tendency to produce thin cast strip that contains surface defects and associated microcracking from uneven solidification at the chilled casting surfaces of the rolls. 
         [0005]    The present invention provides an apparatus and method for continuous thin strip casting that is capable of substantially reducing and inhibiting such surface defects and microcracks in the cast strip, and at the same time reducing wear in the delivery nozzles and the costs in thin strip casting. By testing, we have found that a major cause of such defects is premature solidification of molten metal in the regions where the casting pool meets the casting surfaces of the rolls, generally known as the “meniscus” or “meniscus regions” of the casting pool. In these regions, if solidification occurs before the molten metal has made contact with the roll surface, irregular initial heat transfer can occur between the metal shell and the casting rolls, resulting in formation of surface defects, such as depressions, ripple marks, cold shuts and/or microcracks. The temperature of the metal in the surface region of the casting pool between the rolls tends to be lower than that in the incoming molten metal. If the temperature of the molten metal at the pool surface in the region of the meniscus becomes too low then surface cracks and “meniscus marks” (i.e., marks on the strip caused by the meniscus freezing while the pool level is uneven) are likely to occur 
         [0006]    One way of dealing with such surface cracks and meniscus marks has been to increase the temperature of the incoming molten metal from the delivery nozzle, so that molten metal reaches the casting surfaces of the casting rolls before reaching solidification temperatures. Another approach has been to cause the incoming molten metal to be delivered relatively rapidly into the meniscus regions of the casting pool directly from the delivery nozzle. This reduced the tendency for premature solidification of the metal before it contacts the casting roll surfaces. This approach has been more effective in reducing surface defects in the cast strip. Examples of this approach are to be seen in Australian Patent Application 60773/96. This approach has allowed for casting of thin strip with reduced formation of surface defects and cracks. 
         [0007]    Nevertheless, the formation of pieces of solid metal known as “skulls” in the casting pool in the vicinity of the confining side plates or dams have been observed. The rate of heat loss from the casting pool is higher near the side dams (called the “triple point region”) due to conductive heat transfer through the side dams to the casting roll ends. This localized heat loss near the side dams has a tendency to form “skulls” of solid metal in that region, which can grow to a considerable size and fall between the casting rolls and causing defects in the cast strip. An increased flow of molten metal to these “triple point” regions, the regions near the side dams, have been provided by separate direct flows of molten metal to these triple point regions. Examples of such proposals may be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,694,887 and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,511. Increased heat input to these triple point regions has inhibited formation of skulls. 
         [0008]    Australian Patent Application 60773/96 discloses a method and apparatus in which molten metal is delivered to the delivery nozzle in a trough closed at the bottom. Side openings are provided through which the molten metal flows laterally from the nozzle into a casting pool in the vicinity of the casting pool surface. The flow of molten metal into the casting pool was improved; however, unevenness in metal flow adjacent the casting roll surfaces still tended to cause surface defects and surface cracks in the cast strip. Further, there remained concern for wear on the delivery nozzle caused by the impact of the molten metal due to ferrostatic pressure, and turbulence caused as the molten metal moved through the delivery nozzle to discharge laterally into the casting pool below the meniscus of the casting pool. In addition, there was concern for extending the useful life of the delivery nozzles and in turn reducing the cost of producing thin cast strip. 
         [0009]    The present invention provides an improved apparatus for casting metal strip and method of continuously casting metal strip. Disclosed is an apparatus for casting metal strip comprising:
       (a) a pair of counter-rotatable casting rolls having casting surfaces laterally positioned to form a nip there between through which cast strip can be cast, and on which a casting pool of molten metal can be formed supported on the casting surfaces above the nip with side dams adjacent ends at casting rolls to confine the casting pool,   (b) a delivery nozzle disposed above the nip capable of delivering molten metal to form the casting pool supported on the casting rolls, the delivery nozzle comprising:
           segments each having an elongate nozzle body with longitudinally extending side walls, end walls and a bottom part to form an inner trough,   a nozzle insert disposed above bottom portions of the inner trough of each segment and supported relative to the nozzle body and through which incoming molten metal may be delivered to the inner trough of each segment of the delivery nozzle, and   the elongate nozzle body of each segment having passageways in fluid communication with the inner trough and outlet openings capable of discharging molten metal from the nozzle body outwardly into the casting pool.   
           (c) a distributor capable of supplying molten metal to form the casting pool through the nozzle insert, inner trough and passageways of the segments of the delivery nozzle.       
 
         [0016]    The nozzle insert may be positioned to at least partially protect inlets of passageways of the delivery nozzle from the impact of incoming molten metal from the metal distributor. In addition, the nozzle insert may include an end wall acting as a weir to separate the flow of molten metal between the inner trough and a nozzle end portion, where the nozzle end portion is capable of supplying molten metal adjacent an end portion of the casting surfaces of the casting rolls. Further, the nozzle insert may include side walls each having a transition surface from a substantially horizontal orientation to a substantially vertical orientation. 
         [0017]    The nozzle insert may also be capable of being placed in the relation to the segments of the delivery nozzle as desired. Also, the nozzle insert may be funnel shaped and extend above the nozzle body of each segment of the delivery nozzle, to further inhibit streaming molten metal from the metal distributor bypassing the inner trough of the segments of the deliver nozzle and entering the casting pool. 
         [0018]    Each nozzle insert may be supported relative to the nozzle body by the side walls. Alternatively or in addition, at least one support member may be disposed between the nozzle insert and a bottom portion of the inner trough for supporting the nozzle insert spaced from the bottom portion. 
         [0019]    Each segment may be assembled with opposing side walls and an inner trough extending along the side walls to form a shoulder portion between the side walls and the inner trough, and with a plurality of holes extending through each shoulder portion and communicating with side outlets adjacent bottom portions of the segments of the delivery nozzle. By this arrangement, molten metal is capable of flowing into the inner trough, from the inner trough through the holes between the inner trough and sidewalls, and exit the delivery nozzle through the side outlets in a substantially lateral direction into a casting pool. In this embodiment, the bottom of the inner trough may be co-extensive with the entry to the holes into the shoulder portion, and the outlet openings may be spaced longitudinally along the side walls adjacent the bottom part. Each segment may be made in one integral refractory piece, and the nozzle insert may be made in one or more refractory pieces fitted into each segment of the delivery nozzle. 
         [0020]    Alternatively, each segment of the metal delivery nozzle may be assembled with at least one partition extending between the side walls, and with the passages between the inner trough and side walls extending between the partitions or between a partition and end wall. In this embodiment, the nozzle inserts may be separately positioned between partitions and end walls portioned by the side walls, or formed as one unit to be positioned above partitions between end walls or formed between and/or over partitions. If desired, in this embodiment, each segment may be made in one integral refractory piece, and the nozzle insert made in one or more refractory pieces fitted into each segment of the delivery nozzle. 
         [0021]    In still another embodiment, each segment of the metal delivery nozzle may be assembled with the inner trough and side walls in separate pieces, pinned together with ceramic pins. Protrusions may extend into the passages from the inner trough or side wall, or both, to direct the molten metal flowing through the passages. The protrusions may be in rows aligned or offset as desired to provide the desire flow characteristics to the molten metal as it flows through the passages from the inner trough to the outlet openings adjacent the bottom part of the segment of the delivery nozzle. 
         [0022]    Also disclosed is a method of continuously casting metal strip comprised of the steps of:
       (a) assembling a pair of counter-rotatable casting rolls having casting surfaces laterally positioned to form a nip there between through which cast strip can be cast,   (b) assembling segments of a delivery nozzle above the nip with each segment having an elongate nozzle body including longitudinally extending side walls, end walls and a bottom part to form a nozzle trough in the nozzle body and having passageways in fluid communication between the nozzle trough and outlet opening capable of discharging molten metal from the nozzle body laterally into the casting pool,   (c) assembling a nozzle insert above the trough of each segment of the delivery nozzle to withstanding a part of the impact of the incoming molten metal and at least partially protecting the passageways of the delivery nozzle from the impact of incoming molten metal to the segments of the delivery nozzle,   (d) forming a casting pool of molten metal on the casting surfaces above the nip, and   (e) delivering molten metal from a metal distributor through the nozzle insert, and the nozzle trough and passageways of the delivery nozzle to discharge molten metal laterally into the casting pool.       
 
         [0028]    In this method of continuously casting metal strip, each segment may be assembled with opposing side walls and an inner trough extending along the side walls to form a shoulder portion between the side walls and the inner trough, and with a plurality of holes extending through each shoulder portion and communicating with side outlets adjacent bottom portions of the segments of the delivery nozzle, such that molten metal is capable of flowing into the inner trough, from the inner trough through the holes between the inner trough and sidewalls, and exit the delivery nozzle through the side outlets in a substantially lateral direction into a casting pool. In this embodiment, the bottom of the inner trough is co-extensive with the entry to the holes into the shoulder portion, and the outlet openings may be spaced longitudinally along the side walls adjacent the bottom part. Each segment may be made in one integral refractory piece, and the nozzle insert made in one refractory piece may be fitted into each segment of the delivery nozzle. 
         [0029]    Alternatively, in the method of continuously casting metal strip, each segment of the metal delivery nozzle may be assembled with at least one partition extending between the side walls, and with the passages between the inner trough and side walls extending between the partitions or between a partition and end wall. In this embodiment, the nozzle inserts may be separately positioned between partitions and end walls portioned by the side walls, or formed as one unit to be positioned above partitions between end walls or formed over partitions. If desired, in this embodiment, each segment may be made in one integral refractory piece, and the nozzle insert made in one or more refractory pieces fitted into each segment of the delivery nozzle. 
         [0030]    In still another embodiment of the method of continuously casting metal strip, each segment of the metal delivery nozzle may be assembled with the inner trough and side walls in separate pieces, pinned together with ceramic pins. Protrusions may extend into the passages from the inner trough or side wall, or both, to direct the molten metal flowing through the passages. The protrusions may be in rows aligned or offset as desired to provide the desire flow characteristics to the molten metal as it flows through the passages from the inner trough to the outlet openings adjacent the bottom part of the segment of the delivery nozzle. 
         [0031]    In each embodiment of both the improved delivery nozzle and method of casting steel strip with the delivery nozzle, each segment of the delivery nozzle is provided with a nozzle insert that assists in absorbing the kinetic energy of the molten metal entering the inner trough of the segments of the delivery nozzle, assists in protecting the passageways of the segments of the delivery nozzle from the impact of the molten metal, inhibits splashing and reduces turbulence in the flow of molten metal through the nozzle, and is relatively inexpensive and can be easily replaced. In addition, the inner trough dissipates a substantial part of the kinetic energy present in the molten metal by reason of downward movement through the metal delivery system from the tundish to the metal distributor to the delivery nozzle. The combination of the nozzle insert and inner trough through the passages to the side outlets further reduces the kinetic energy in the molten metal before reaching the casting pool. As a result, a more uniform and more quiescent flow of molten metal is provided to the casting pool to enhance uniform formation of the cast strip. 
         [0032]    The nozzle insert also may be replaceable to further extend the useful life of the delivery nozzle. 
         [0033]    Various aspects of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, drawings and claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0034]    The invention is described in more detail in reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0035]      FIG. 1  illustrates a cross-sectional end view of a portion of twin roll strip caster with an assembled metal delivery nozzle; 
           [0036]      FIG. 2  is an enlarged plan view of a nozzle insert for a segment of a metal delivery nozzle for use in the twin roll caster shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0037]      FIG. 3  is an enlarged cross-sectional side view taken along line  3 - 3  of the nozzle insert for a segment of the metal delivery nozzle shown in  FIG. 2   
           [0038]      FIG. 4  is an enlarged cross-sectional transverse view taken along line  4 - 4  of a portion of the segment of the nozzle insert for the metal delivery nozzle shown in  FIG. 3 . 
           [0039]      FIG. 5  is a plan view of a segment of a metal delivery nozzle fitted with a nozzle insert for use in a twin roll caster as shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0040]      FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional taken along line  6 - 6  of the segment of the metal delivery nozzle shown in  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0041]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional taken along line  7 - 7  of the segment of the metal delivery nozzle shown in  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0042]      FIG. 8A  is a cross-sectional transverse taken along line  8 A- 8 A of the segment of the metal delivery nozzle with the nozzle insert shown in  FIG. 6 ; 
           [0043]      FIG. 8B  is a cross-sectional transverse taken along line  8 B- 8 B of the segment of the metal delivery nozzle with the nozzle insert shown in  FIG. 6 ; 
           [0044]      FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional transverse taken along line  9 - 9  of enlarged section of the triple section of the segment of the metal delivery nozzle shown in  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0045]      FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional transverse view taken along line  10 - 10  of the segment of the metal delivery nozzle shown in  FIG. 9 ; 
           [0046]      FIG. 11  is a plan view of an alternative segment of metal delivery nozzle for use in the twin roll caster shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0047]      FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional side view taken along line  12 - 12  of the segment of the metal delivery nozzle shown in  FIG. 11 ; 
           [0048]      FIG. 13  is a side view of the segment of another alternative segment of a metal delivery nozzle for use in the twin roll caster shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0049]      FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional transverse taken along line  14 - 14  of the segment of the metal delivery nozzle shown in  FIG. 13 ; 
           [0050]      FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional side view of a segment of a metal delivery nozzle for use in a twin roll caster with an alternative nozzle insert; 
           [0051]      FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional taken along line  16 - 16  of the segment of the metal delivery nozzle with the nozzle insert shown in  FIG. 15 ; 
           [0052]      FIG. 17  is an enlarged cross-sectional transverse view of a portion of the segment of the nozzle insert for the metal delivery nozzle shown in  FIG. 16 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0053]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , the metal strip casting apparatus  2  includes a metal delivery nozzle  10  formed in segments  13  located below a metal distributor  4  (also called a moveable tundish or transition piece) and above casting rolls  6 . Casting rolls  6  are laterally positioned with nip  9  formed between them. Metal distributor  4  receives metal from a ladle through a metal delivery system (not shown) and delivers the molten metal to delivery nozzle  10 . A shroud  5  may extend from metal distributor  4  and into delivery nozzle  10 , for the purpose of transferring molten metal into the segments of delivery nozzle  10 . In the alternative, metal distributor  4  may transfer metal to the segments of delivery nozzle  10  via a hole in the bottom of metal distributor  4 . Below delivery nozzle  10 , a casting pool  8  having surface  8 A is formed supported on the casting surfaces  7  of casting rolls  6  adjacent nip  9 . Casting pool  8  is constrained at the ends of the casting rolls by side dams or plates (not shown) positioned against the sides of the casting rolls. The segments  13  of the delivery nozzle  10  controls molten metal flow into casting pool  8 . Generally, segments  13  of the delivery nozzle  10  extends into and are partially submerged in casting pool  8  during the casting campaign. Also shown in  FIG. 1  is gas control apparatus  3  for maintaining a gas seal  11  with the casting surfaces  7  of casting rolls  6  and maintaining an inert atmosphere of nitrogen and/or argon above the casting pool  8  by blowing such gas through passageways  12  in gas control apparatus  3 . 
         [0054]    A nozzle insert  34  is shown in  FIG. 1  is positioned above and generally within an inner trough  14  of the segments  13 , and supported to receive molten metal from the tundish  4  and assist in breaking and redirecting the impact of incoming molten metal to the delivery nozzle. The nozzle insert  34  guides the flow of molten metal to the inner trough  14  of each segment, and through inlets to passages  16 , or holes  31 , to be discharged through side outlets  20  from the delivery nozzle  10  outwardly to the casting pool  8 . 
         [0055]    As best shown in  FIGS. 2-4 , the nozzle insert  34  has opposing side walls  36 , which extend lengthwise along the nozzle insert  34  in the longitudinal direction of nozzle insert  34  and define a channel for the flow of molten metal from the metal distributor  4  to the inner trough  14  of the segment  13 . The nozzle insert  34  includes end walls  37  and  38  and is dimensioned to fit with upper parts of segment side walls  15  forming inner trough  14  for support as described below. 
         [0056]    Each side wall  36  of each nozzle insert  34  may include an upper surface  39 , a transition surface  40 , and a lower surface  41 . The upper surfaces  39  may be substantially horizontal and the lower surfaces may be substantially vertical with the transition surfaces  40  extending there between in a curved or straight manner as desired. The upper surfaces  39  transversely extend beyond the lower surfaces  41 . It is understood, however, that the insert side walls  36  may be formed with an inner surface and need not include separate surfaces  39 ,  40  and  41 . The insert side walls  36  may includes any surface or surface for guiding the flow of molten metal into the segment  13 . 
         [0057]    Referring to  FIGS. 5-8 , the delivery nozzle  10  is comprised of two segments  13 , both similar to the one illustrated in  FIG. 5  with segment end walls  19  position adjacent but spaced from each other. The segment side walls  15  are joined to the inner trough  14  to form shoulder portions  30 , and the passages  16  in the form of holes  31  extending through the shoulder portion  30  along each side of the inner trough  14 . The molten metal flows from the inner trough  14  through the holes  31  to the side outlets  20 . The shoulder portion  30  provides the structural support to the segment  13  when the delivery nozzle  10  is loaded with molten metal during a casting campaign. In this embodiment, partitions  17 , as shown in the alternative embodiment described below with reference to  FIGS. 11-12 , are not needed to provide structural support for the segment  13  when loaded with molten metal. As a result, the flow of molten metal from the side outlets  20  into the casting pool  8  can be provided laterally more evenly along each segment  13 . 
         [0058]    A pair of support members  35  may be placed in the bottom of the inner trough  14 . The nozzle insert  34  is then placed above and generally within the inner trough  14  supported by the support members  35  and the segment side walls  15 . During the casting process molten metal is then discharged by the metal distributor  4  through the nozzle insert  34  into inner trough  14  of the segments  13  of the delivery nozzle  10 . The molten metal flows from the inner trough  14  into the passages  16 , or the holes  31 , and outwardly through the side outlets  20  adjacent bottom portions of the segment  13  into the casting pool  8  below the meniscus. 
         [0059]    In operation, molten metal is poured from the metal distributor  4  through shroud  5  into the inner trough  14  of the segments  13  of the delivery nozzle  10  through the nozzle insert  34 . Several shrouds  5  may be provided along the length of the segments  13  of the delivery nozzle  10 . The molten metal flows from the inner trough  14  into and through the passages  16  to the side outlets  20 . The side outlets  20  direct the flow of molten metal to discharge the molten metal laterally into the casting pool  8  in the direction of the meniscus between the surface  8 A of the casting pool  8  and the casting surfaces  7  of the casting rolls  6 . 
         [0060]    The nozzle insert  34  is disposed above and may be within the inner trough  14 . The nozzle insert  34  is supported relative to the segment  13  by the segment side walls  15  and a pair of support members  35 . The pair of support members  35  space the nozzle insert  34  apart from the bottom of the inner trough  14  to provide space for the flow of molten metal into the passages  16 , while dampening the flow of molten metal in the inner trough  14  of the segments  13  of the delivery nozzle. It must be understood, however, that the nozzle insert  34  may be supported relative to the segment  13  in any suitable manner. The nozzle insert  34  may be supported by portions of the segment  13 , supported by any number of support members  35  engaging the segment  13 , a combination thereof, or by a separate support from or engaging the segment  13 , capable of supporting the nozzle insert  34  relative to the segment  13 . 
         [0061]    Referring to  FIGS. 9-10 , the assembly of the segment end portion  18  of the segment  13  positioned adjacent one of the ends of the casting rolls  6  is illustrated. This is called the “triple point” region and is the area where skulls are more likely to form because of the different heat gradient adjacent a side dam. To compensate, molten metal is directed into the “triple point” region through slanted passageways  22  through the segment end portion  18  as shown in  FIG. 5  through outlets  23  from a reservoir  24 , which is positioned transverse to the segment end portion  18  of the segment  13 . The shape of the reservoir  24  is shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , with a bottom portion  26  shaped to cause the molten metal to flow toward the outlets  23  and into the slanted passageways  22 . A weir  25  is also provided in the segment  13  to separate the flow of molten metal in the reservoir  24  into the “triple point” region, while allowing flow of molten metal from the inner trough  14  currently as the metal flows into the passages  16 . The height of the weir  25  is selected to provide most effective flow of molten metal at a higher effective temperature into the “triple point” region to balance the difference in heat gradient in the “triple point” region. 
         [0062]    The end wall  37  of each nozzle insert  34  may act as a weir to separate the flow of molten metal into the reservoir  24 . Thus, it is contemplated that such an arrangement may not include the weir  25 , as shown in  FIGS. 5-7 . In such a case, the height of the insert end wall  37  is selected to provide most effective flow of molten metal at a higher effective temperature into the reservoir  24  and on to the “triple point” region to normalize the difference in heat gradient in the “triple point” region. The nozzle insert  34  may be made of any refractory material, such as alumina graphite, the material of the segment  13  or any other material suitable for guiding the flow of incoming molten metal. 
         [0063]    Referring to  FIG. 11-12 , an alternative embodiment of the delivery nozzle  10  comprises two segments  13  (one shown), with each segment  13  having opposing side walls  15  and an upward opening inner trough  14 , which extend lengthwise along segment  13  in the longitudinal direction of delivery nozzle  10 . Partitions  17  extend between segment side walls  15  at spaced locations along each segment  13 , and provide structural support for the segment  13  of the delivery nozzle  10  when loaded with molten metal in operation. Passages  16  are formed between the segment side walls  15  and inner trough  14 . The passages  16  extend between the partitions  17  or between one partition  17  and a segment end portion  18  or a segment end wall  19  along the length of the segment  13 . The passages  16  extend to side outlets  20  at a bottom portion  21  of the segment  13 . 
         [0064]    In each of the embodiments described above, the pair of segments  13  may be assembled lengthwise with the segment end walls  19  in abutting relation and the segment end portions  18  forming the outer ends of delivery nozzle  10 . Alternatively, delivery nozzle  10  may comprise a single segment  13 , or more than two segments  13 , that include all the features of, and effectively functions as, the pair of segments  13  as described herein. Further, segment  13  may include partitions  17 , extending between segment side walls  15  to strengthen segment  13  under load of molten metal during a casting campaign. As shown in  FIG. 1 , each segment  13  includes mounting flanges  27  that extend outward from segment side walls  15 , either continuously (as shown in  FIG. 11 ) or intermittently, as desired, to mount segments  13  to assemble the delivery nozzle  10  in the casting apparatus  2 . Since the passages  16  and the side outlets  20  extend along both sides of the segments  13 , except at the partitions  17 , a relatively uniform flow of molten metal can be provided along the length of the segments  13 . The nozzle insert  34  can be provided as a single unit above or formed around partitions  17 , or provided in parts capable of fitting between partitions  17  or between a partition  17  and an end portion  18 . The assembly of the segments  13  of the metal delivery nozzle  10  is otherwise generally the same as that described above with reference to  FIGS. 5-10 . 
         [0065]    Referring to  FIGS. 13 and 14 , an alternative embodiment each segment  13  of the delivery nozzle  10  is described where each segment  13  is assembled in two pieces, with one piece being the inner trough  14  and the bottom portion  21  as shown in  FIG. 14 . The other piece includes all of the other parts of the segment  13  as described above with reference to  FIGS. 5-10 . The two pieces are assembled together by use of ceramic pins  32 , which extend through holes on the segment side walls  15  and into or through holes in the side portions of the inner trough  14 . The ceramics pins provide structural support for the segments  13  and the delivery nozzle  10  when the delivery nozzle is loaded with molten metal during a casting campaign. 
         [0066]    In the embodiment shown  FIGS. 13 and 14 , two or more offset rows of protrusions  33  are provided in the outside wall of inner trough  14 . The protrusions  33  extend into passages  16  to provide a serpentine path to the flow of molten metal through passages  16  to the side outlets  20 . Alternatively, some or all of the protrusions  33  may be provided on the inside surface of the segment side walls  15  as desired in the embodiment. In any case, successive rows of the protrusions  33  may be aligned or offset to provide the flow pattern as desired for the molten metal through passages  16 . The assembly of the segments  13  of the metal delivery nozzle  10  is otherwise generally the same as that described above with reference to  FIGS. 5-10 . 
         [0067]    Referring now to  FIGS. 15-17 , an alternative embodiment of the delivery nozzle  10  has segment  13  that includes support members  35  to provide structural support for a nozzle insert  34  which assists in directing the molten metal from the metal distributor  4  into the inner trough  14  of the segment  13  of delivery nozzle  10 . As used with regards to this embodiment, it must be understood that the inner trough  14  may be any portion of the segment  13  suitable for receiving the flow of molten metal into the segment  13 . The segment  13  shown in  FIGS. 15-17  is generally the same as that shown in  FIGS. 5-10  except as described below. The nozzle insert  34  protects the segment side walls  15  from wear due to the impact of the incoming molten metal, and also protects, at least in part, part of the inlets to the passages  16  from the inner trough  14  of the nozzle from wear from the impact of the incoming molten metal. The nozzle insert  34  thus generally reduces wear of the delivery nozzle  10  from the impact of the incoming molten metal, and also substantially reducing the amount of turbulence and disturbances in flow of molten metal adjacent the inlets to passages  16 . 
         [0068]    This embodiment of the delivery nozzle  10 , including the nozzle insert  34  supported on the segment  13 , directs a substantial portion of the incoming flow of molten metal from the metal distributor  4  to a substantially planar bottom inner trough  14  of the delivery nozzle  10 , thereby increasing the useful life of the delivery nozzle  10  from the impact of incoming molten metal and substantially reducing the amount of turbulence and disturbances in flow of molten metal adjacent the inlets to passages  16 . Further, in this embodiment, the nozzle insert  34  provides for a greater reception area for the flow of molten metal and thus further reduces the impact of the flow upon the segment  13  and reduces the risk for misaligned streams from the flow to cause unintended disturbances in the casting pool  8 . 
         [0069]    The nozzle insert  34  includes opposing side walls  36  that extend beyond the segment side walls  15  when the nozzle insert  34  is disposed within the segment  13 . Additionally, the sidewalls flare beyond the top edges of the segment side walls  15  such that the upper surfaces  39  extends over at least a portion of the top of the segment side walls  15 . As shown, the upper surfaces  39  fully extend beyond the segment side walls  15 . 
         [0070]    The nozzle insert  34  may be generally funnel shaped. Additionally, the upper surfaces  39  open to extend beyond the lower surfaces  41  and extend beyond the transition surfaces  40  to allow for a greater reception area for the flow of molten metal. Further, the curvature of the insert side walls  36  from the upper surface  39  to the transition surface  40  provides a gentler slope to direct the flow of molten metal into the inner trough  14 . 
         [0071]    It should be understood that the above described apparatus and method of casting thin strip are the presently contemplated best modes of embodying the invention. It is to be understood that these and other embodiments may be made and performed within the scope of the following claims. In each embodiment of the delivery nozzle, the nozzle insert dissipates a substantial part of the kinetic energy built up in the molten metal by reason of movement through the delivery system from the metal distributor to the delivery nozzle, and the resistance to movement of the molten metal from the inner trough through the passages to the side outlets further reduces the kinetic energy in the molten metal from the molten metal before reaching the casting pool. As a result, a more uniform and more quiescent flow of molten metal is provided to the casting pool to formation of the cast strip. 
         [0072]    While the principle and mode of operation of this invention have been explained and illustrated with regard to particular embodiments, it must be understood, however, that this invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically explained and illustrated without departing from its spirit or scope.