Abstract:
A method of treating hyperproliferation diseases in mammals in need of such treatment which method includes administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula:                            
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or prodrug thereof, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , W, X, Y, Z and t are as defined herein.

Description:
This application is based upon co-pending provisional application No. 60/151,137 filed Aug. 27, 1999. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases, such as cancers, in mammals using benzazepine derivatives of formula I, as defined below. The compounds of formula I are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,618,808, and 5,618,811, both of which issued Apr. 8, 1997 and both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. These references describe benzazepine derivatives as cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonists useful in the treatment of certain disorders involving the central nervous system (CNS). 
     A cell may become cancerous by virtue of the transformation of a portion of its DNA into an oncogene (i.e. a gene that upon activation leads to the formation of malignant tumor cells). Many oncogenes encode proteins that are aberrant tyrosine kinases capable of causing cell transformation. Alternatively, the overexpression of a normal proto-oncogenic tyrosine kinase may also result in proliferative disorders, sometimes resulting in a malignant phenotype. It has been shown that certain tyrosine kinases may be mutated or overexpressed in many human cancers such as brain, lung, squamous cell, bladder, gastric, breast, head and neck, oesophageal, gynecological and thyroid cancers. Furthermore, the overexpression of a ligand for a tyrosine kinase receptor may result in an increase in the activation state of the receptor, resulting in proliferation of the tumor cells or endothelial cells. Thus, it is believed that the growth of mammalian cancer cells can be selectively inhibited by reducing tyrosine kinase activity. 
     Polypeptide growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) having a high affinity to the human kinase insert-domain-containing receptor (KDR) or the murine fetal liver kinase 1 (FLK-1) receptor, have been associated with the proliferation of endothelial cells and more particularly vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. See PCT international application publication number WO 95/21613 (published Aug. 17, 1995). A significant body of evidence has been put forth detailing the importance of VEGF in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). It has also been noted that new blood vessel formation is crucial in supplying and maintaining the physiological conditions and nutrients necessary for tumor growth and metastasis. It has been shown that both VEGF receptor subtypes appear to be over expressed in proliferating endothelial cells located in near proximity to tumor cells in vivo. At the molecular level, intracellular portions of both FLT-1 and FLK-1 contain functional tyrosine kinase domains. Kinase activities depend on high affinity to, and interaction with, VEGF. Such interaction results in the autophosphorylation of the receptors and ultimately in endothelial cell proliferation. High affinity VEGF binding and the resulting functional effects appear to depend on the presence of specific heparin sulfate proteoglycans (VEGF glyceptor) associated with the extracellular matrix of endothelial cells. This supposition is supported by the ability of exogenous levels of heparin to inhibit VEGF induced endothelial cell proliferation by acting as a sink for secreted VEGF. By inhibiting the binding of VEGF to VEGF glyceptor (GAG), phosphorylation of tyrosine (kinase) is modulated. Agents, such as the compounds of the present invention, which are capable of modulating the KDR/FLK-1 receptor, may be used to treat disorders related to vasculogenesis or angiogenesis. Such disorders include, but are not limited to, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, hemangioma, glioma, melanoma, Kaposi&#39;s sarcoma and ovarian, breast, lung, pancreatic, prostate, colon and epidermoid cancer. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a method of treating hyperproliferation diseases in mammals in need of such treatment, comprising administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula:                           
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or prodrug thereof, wherein: 
     R 1  is a group having an acidic proton, particularly —CO 2 H, —CONHSO 2 R 8 , —CONR 8 (CH 2 )CO 2 H, —SO 2 H, —PO 3 H 2 ,                           
     R 2  is H or R 1 , or R 1  and R 2  together with the phenyl ring form                           
     R 3  and R 4  are independently selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, phenyl, and a 4 to 10 membered heterocyclic group or R 3  and R 4  taken together with the two carbons to which they are attached form phenyl, which is optionally substituted by one or more R 5  groups; 
     R 5  is thienyl, pyridyl, furyl, or pyrimidyl, halogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl optionally substituted with from one to three fluorine atoms, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, optionally substituted with from one to three fluorine atoms, (C 3 -C 10 ) aryl, phenyl, —(CH 2 ) t  phenyl, —(CH 2 ) t -(4 to 10 membered heterocyclic group), nitro, cyano, amino, —NH(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, —N((C 1 -C 8 )alkyl) 2 , —S(C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, —SO(C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, —C(O)(C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, —CO(O)(C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, wherein said phenyl, aryl or heterocycle moiety may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, nitro, cyano, amino and trifluoromethyl; 
     W is OH or NR 6 R 7 ; 
     R 6  and R 7  are independently selected from H, (C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, or R 6  and R 7  taken together form a six-membered saturated ring containing 5 carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom, one or more of said carbon atoms being optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from (C 1 -C 3 )alkyl; 
     R 8  is H, C 1 -C 10  alkyl, C 2 -C 10  alkenyl, C 2 -C 10  alkynyl, —(CH 2 ) t (C 6 -C 10  aryl), or —(CH 2 ) t (4 to 10 membered heterocyclic group), wherein t is an integer from 0 to 5; said alkyl group optionally including 1 or 2 hetero moieties selected from O, S and —N(R 6 )— with the proviso that two O atoms, two S atoms, or an O and S atom are not attached directly to each other; said aryl and heterocyclic R 8  groups being optionally fused to a C 6 -C 10  aryl group, a C 5 -C 8  saturated cyclic group, or a 4 to 10 membered heterocyclic group; one or two carbon atoms in said 4 to 10 membered heterocyclic group of R 8  being optionally substituted by an oxo (═O) moiety; the —(CH 2 ) t — moieties of R 8  optionally including a carbon-carbon double or triple bond when t is an integer from two to five; R 8  groups being optionally substituted by one to five R 9  groups; 
     R 9  is each independently selected from C 1 -C 10  alkyl, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl, C 2 -C 10 alkynyl, halo, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —OR 10 , —C(O)R 11 , —C(O)OR 10 , —NR 11 C(O)OR 10 , —OC(O)R 10 , —NR 11 SO 2 R 10 , —SO 2 NR 10 R 11 , —NR 11 C(O)R 10 , —C(O)NR 10 R 11 , —NR 10 R 11 , —S(O) j R 12 , —SO 3 H, —NR 10 (CR 11 R 12 ) t OR 11 , —(CH 2 ) t (C 6 -C 10  aryl, —SO 2 (CH 2 ) t (C 6 -C 10 aryl), —S(CH 2 ) t (C 6 -C 10 aryl), —O(CH 2 ) t (C 6 -C 10 aryl), —(CH 2 ) t (4 to 10 membered heterocyclic group), and —(CR 11 R 12 ) m OR 11 , said alkyl group optionally containing one or two hetero moieties selected from O, S and —N(R 8 )— with the proviso that two O atoms, two S atoms, or an O and S atom are not attached directly to each other; aryl and heterocyclic moieties of R 9  being optionally fused to a C 6 -C 10  aryl group, a C 5 -C 8  saturated cyclic group, or a 4 to 10 membered heterocyclic group; one or two carbon atoms of the heterocyclic moieties of R 9  being optionally substituted by an oxo (═O) moiety; and the alkyl, aryl and heterocyclic moieties of R 9  groups being optionally substituted by one to three substituents independently selected from halo, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —NR 11 SO 2 R 10 , —SO 2 NR 10 R 11 , —C(O)R 10 , —C(O)OR 10 , —OC(O)R 10 , —NR 11 C(O)R 10 , —C(O)NR 10 R 11 , —NR 10 R 11 , —(CR 11 R 12 ) m OR 11 , OR 10  and R 10 ; 
     R 10  is each independently selected from H, C 1 -C 10  alkyl, —(CH 2 ) t (C 6 -C 10  aryl), and —(CH 2 ) t (4 to 10 membered heterocyclic), said alkyl group optionally including one or two hetero moieties selected from O, S and —N(R 6 )— with the proviso that two O atoms, two S atoms, or an O and S atom are not attached directly to each other; said aryl and heterocyclic R 10  groups being optionally fused to a C 6 -C 10  aryl group, a C 5 -C 8  saturated cyclic group, or a 4 to 10 membered heterocyclic group; the foregoing moieties of R 10 , with the exception of H, being optionally substituted by one to three substituents independently selected from halo, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, azido, —C(O)R 11 , —C(O)OR 11 , —CO(O)R 11 , —NR 11 C(O)R 12 , —C(O)NR 11 R 12 , —NR 11 R 12 , hydroxy, C 1 -C 6  alkyl, and C 1 -C 6  alkoxy; 
     R 11  and R 12  are each independently H or C 1 -C 6  alkyl; 
     X, Y and Z are each independently selected from O, S, CH, CHR 13 , SO, SO 2  and NR 13 ; 
     R 13  is H, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl, phenyl, (C 7 -C 8 )phenylalkyl, or a 4 to 11 membered heterocyclic group optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 8 )alkoxy and trifluoromethyl; 
     m is an integer ranging from one to five; 
     t is an integer ranging from zero to five; and 
     j is an integer ranging from zero to two 
     Preferred compounds include those of formula I wherein at least one of R 1  and R 2  is —CO 2 H, —CONHSO 2 R 8 , —CONR 8 (CH 2 )CO 2 H,                           
     Other preferred compounds include those wherein R 1  together with the ring to which it is attached, form meta-substituted benzoic acid or phenylacetic acetic acid. 
     Other preferred compounds are those wherein R 3  and R 4  taken together with the two carbons to which they are attached form phenyl, which is optionally substituted by one or more R 5  groups. 
     Other preferred compounds are those wherein R 3  and R 4  taken together with the two carbons to which they are attached form phenyl substituted by one or more R 5  groups which are selected from (C 3 -C 10 ) aryl, —(CH 2 ) t  phenyl, —(CH 2 ) t -(4 to 10 membered heterocyclic group), wherein said phenyl, aryl or heterocyclic moiety may be optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from halogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy, nitro, cyano, amino and trifluoromethyl. 
     Other preferred compounds are those wherein X is CH or N and Y and Z are CH. 
     Another preferred class of compounds comprises compounds of the formula                           
     wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and X are as defined for formula I. 
     Specific preferred compounds of formula II include: 
     3-{3-[1-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl-methyl)-8-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azepin-3-yl]-ureido}-benzoic acid; 
     N-tert-Butyl-2-{3-[3-(3-methanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-phenyl)-ureido]-8-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[b]azepin-1-yl}-acetamide; 
     1-{3-Fluoro-8-oxo-9-[2-oxo-2-(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5-oxa-9-aza-benzocyclohepten-7-yl}-3-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-urea; 
     N-tert-Butyl-2-(5-cyclohexyl-8-methyl-2-oxo-3-{3-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-ureido}2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[b]azepin-1-yl)-acetamide; 
     1-{3-Fluoro-8-oxo-9-[2-oxo-2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5-oxa-9-aza-benzocyclohepten-7-yl}-3-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-urea; and 
     1-{4-Oxo-5-[2-oxo-2-(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[b][1,4]thiazepin-3-yl}-3-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-urea. 
     Another preferred class of compounds comprises compounds of the formula                           
     wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 5  are as defined for formula I. 
     Preferred compounds of formula III are those wherein R 4  is phenyl or a 4 to 10 membered heterocyclic group optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen, hydroxy, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl or (C 1 -C 6 )alkoxy. 
     Other preferred compounds of formula III are those wherein R 1  and R 2 , together with the phenyl group to which they are attached, form                           
     Specific preferred compounds of formula III include: 
     3-{3-[1-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl-methyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-azepan-3-yl]-ureido}-benzoic acid; 
     2-{3-[3-(3-Benzenesulfonylaminocarbonyl-phenyl)-ureido]-2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-azepan-1-yl}-N-tert-butyl-acetamide; 
     N-tert-Butyl-2-{2-oxo-7-phenyl-3-[3-(3-phenylmethanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-phenyl)-ureido]-5-o-tolyl-azepan-1-yl}-acetamide; 
     3-{3-[1-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl-methyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-azepan-3-yl]-ureido}-N-(5-trifluoromethyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-benzamide; 
     N-tert-Butyl-2-(2-oxo-7-phenyl-3-{3-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-ureido}-5-o-tolyl-azepan-1-yl)-acetamide; 
     N-(1-Methyl-cyclohexyl)-2-(2-oxo-7-phenyl-3-{3-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-ureido}-5-o-tolyl-azepan-1-yl)-acetamide; 
     3-(3-{1-[(1-Methyl-cyclohexylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-azepan-3-yl}-ureido)-N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-benzamide; 
     N-tert-Butyl-2-(5-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-3-{3-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-ureido}-azepan-1-yl)-acetamide; 
     3-{3-[1-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl-methyl)-5-(2-methoxy-phenyl )-2-oxo-7-phenyl-azepan-3-yl]-ureido}-benzoic acid; 
     3-{3-[1-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl-methyl)-5-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-azepan-3-yl]-ureido}-N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-benzamide; 
     N-tert-Butyl-2-[3-[3-(3-methanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-phenyl)-ureido]-5-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-azepan-1-yl]-acetamide; 
     2-(5-(2-Methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-3-{3-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-ureido}-azepan-1-yl )-N-(1-methyl-cyclohexyl)-acetamide; 
     3-(3-{5-(2-Methoxy-phenyl)-1-[(1-methyl-cyclohexylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-2-oxo-7-phenyl-azepan-3-yl}-ureido)-N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-benzamide; 
     [2-Oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-3-(3-m-tolyl-ureido)-azepan-1-yl]-acetic acid; 
     N-(1-Methyl-cyclohexyl)-2-{2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-3-[3-(3-trifluoromethanesulfonyl aminocarbonyl-phenyl)-ureido]-azepan-1-yl}-acetamide; 
     2-[3-[3-(3-Methanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-phenyl)-ureido]-5-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-azepan-1-yl]-N-(1-methyl-cyclohexyl)-acetamide; and 
     2-{3-[3-(1H-Benzotriazol-5-yl)-ureido]-2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-azepan-1-yl}-N-tert-butyl-acetamide. 
     The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one embodiment, said pharmaceutical composition is for the treatment of cancer such as brain, lung, squamous cell, bladder, gastric, pancreatic, breast, head, neck, renal, prostate, colorectal, oesophageal, gynecological (such as ovarian) or thyroid cancer. In another embodiment, said pharmaceutical composition is for the treatment of a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e.g., psoriasis) or prostate (e.g., benign prostatic hypertropy (BPH)). 
     The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of pancreatitis or kidney disease (including proliferative glomerulonephritis and diabetes-induced renal disease) in a mammal which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 
     The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention of blastocyte implantation in a mammal which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 
     The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating a disease related to vasculogenesis or angiogenesis in a mammal which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one embodiment, said pharmaceutical composition is for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of tumor angiogenesis, chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, skin diseases such as psoriasis, excema, and scleroderma, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration, hemangioma, glioma, melanoma, Kaposi&#39;s sarcoma and ovarian, breast, lung, pancreatic, prostate, colon and epidermoid cancer. 
     The invention also relates to a method of treating a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal which comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, said method relates to the treatment of cancer such as brain, squamous cell, bladder, gastric, pancreatic, breast, head, neck, oesophageal, prostate, colorectal, lung, renal, gynecological (such as ovarian) or thyroid cancer. In another embodiment, said method relates to the treatment of a non-cancerous hyperproliferative disorder such as benign hyperplasia of the skin (e.g., psoriasis) or prostate (e.g., benign prostate hypertropy (BPH)). 
     The invention also relates to a method for the treatment of a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal which comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, in combination with an anti-tumor agent selected from the group consisting of mitotic inhibitors, alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, intercalating antibiotics, growth factor inhibitors, cell cycle inhibitors, enzymes, topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, anti-hormones, and anti-androgens. 
     The invention also relates to a method of treating pancreatitis or kidney disease in a mammal which comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 
     The invention also relates to a method of preventing blastocyte implantation in a mammal which comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. 
     The invention also relates to a method of treating diseases related to vasculogenesis or angiogenesis in a mammal which comprises administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof. In one embodiment, said method is for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of tumor angiogenesis, chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, skin diseases such as psoriasis, excema, and scleroderma, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, macular degeneration, hemangioma, glioma, melanoma, Kaposi&#39;s sarcoma and ovarian, breast, lung, pancreatic, prostate, colon and epidermoid cancer. 
     Further, the compounds of the present invention may be used as contraceptives in mammals. 
     Patients that can be treated with the compounds of formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates of said compounds according to the methods of this invention include, for example, patients that have been diagnosed as having psoriasis, BPH, lung cancer, bone cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, cancer of the head and neck, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer or cancer of the anal region, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, gynecologic tumors (e.g., uterine sarcomas, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the vagina or carcinoma of the vulva), Hodgkin&#39;s disease, cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the endocrine system (e.g., cancer of the thyroid, parathyroid or adrenal glands), sarcomas of soft tissues, cancer of the urethra, cancer of the penis, prostate cancer, chronic or acute leukemia, solid tumors of childhood, lymphocytic lymphonas, cancer of the bladder, cancer of the kidney or ureter (e.g., renal cell carcinoma, carcinoma of the renal pelvis), or neoplasms of the central nervous system (e.g., primary CNS lymphoma, spinal axis tumors, brain stem gliomas or pituitary adenomas). 
     The term “halo”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo. Preferred halo groups are fluoro, chloro and bromo. 
     The term “alkyl”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having straight, cyclic or branched moieties. It is understood that for cyclic moieties at least three carbon atoms are required in said alkyl group. 
     The term “alkenyl”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having at least one carbon-carbon double bond and also having straight, cyclic or branched moieties as provided above in the definition of “alkyl”. 
     The term “alkynyl”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and also having straight, cyclic or branched moieties as provided above in the definition of “alkyl”. 
     The term “alkoxy”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes O-alkyl groups wherein “alkyl” is as defined above. 
     The term “aryl”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes an organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of one hydrogen, such as phenyl or naphthyl. 
     The term “4 to 10 membered heterocyclic”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes aromatic and non-aromatic heterocyclic groups containing one or more heteroatoms each selected from O, S and N, wherein each heterocyclic group has from 4 to 10 atoms in its ring system. Non-aromatic heterocyclic groups include groups having only 4 atoms in their ring system, but aromatic heterocyclic groups must have at least 5 atoms in their ring system. An example of a 4 membered heterocyclic group is azetidinyl (derived from azetidine). An example of a 5 membered heterocyclic group is thiazolyl and an example of a 10 membered heterocyclic group is quinolinyl. Examples of non-aromatic heterocyclic groups are pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidino, morpholino, thiomorpholino, thioxanyl, piperazinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, homopiperidinyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, oxazepinyl, diazepinyl, thiazepinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, dithianyl, dithiolanyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrofuranyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanyl, 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanyl, 3H-indolyl and quinolizinyl. Examples of aromatic heterocyclic groups are pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, and furopyridinyl. The foregoing groups, as derived from the compounds listed above, may be C-attached, S-attached or N-attached where such is possible. For instance, a group derived from pyrrole may be pyrrol-1-yl (N-attached) or pyrrol-3-yl (C-attached). 
     The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable salt(s)”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes salts of acidic or basic groups which may be present in the compounds of formula I. 
     The compounds of formula I that are basic in nature are capable of forming a wide variety of salts with various inorganic and organic acids. The acids that may be used to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of such basic compounds of formula I are those that form non-toxic acid addition salts, i.e., salts containing pharmacologically acceptable anions, such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, isonicotinate, acetate, lactate, salicylate, citrate, acid citrate, tartrate, pantothenate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisinate, fumarate, gluconate, glucaronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and pamoate [i.e., 1,1′-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)] salts. 
     Those compounds of the formula I that are acidic in nature are capable of forming base salts with various pharmacologically acceptable cations. Examples of such salts include the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and particularly, the sodium and potassium salts. Certain compounds of formula I may have asymmetric centers and therefore exist in different enantiomeric forms. This invention relates to the use of all optical isomers and stereoisomers of the compounds of formula I and mixtures thereof. The compounds of formula I may also exist as tautomers. This invention relates to the use of all such tautomers and mixtures thereof. 
     The subject invention also includes isotopically-labelled compounds, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are identical to those recited in formula I, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, such as  2 H,  3 H,  13 C,  14 C,  15 N,  18 O,  17 O,  35 S,  18 F, and  36 Cl, respectively. Compounds of the present invention, prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds or of said prodrugs which contain the aforementioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms are within the scope of this invention. Certain isotopically-labelled compounds of the present invention, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as  3 H and  14 C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated, i.e.,  3 H, and carbon-14, i.e.,  14 C, isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e.,  2 H, can afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may be preferred in some circumstances. Isotopically labelled compounds of formula I of this invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples and Preparations below, by substituting a readily available isotopically labelled reagent for a non-isotopically labelled reagent. 
     This invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions containing, and methods of treating diseases related to vasculogenesis or angiogenesis in mammals through administration of prodrugs of, compounds of the formula I. Compounds of formula I having free amino, amido, hydroxy or carboxylic groups can be converted into prodrugs. Prodrugs include compounds wherein an amino acid residue, or a polypeptide chain of two or more (e.g., two, three or four) amino acid residues is covalently joined through an amide or ester bond to a free amino, hydroxy or carboxylic acid group of compounds of formula I. The amino acid residues include, but are not limited to, the 20 naturally occurring amino acids commonly designated by three letter symbols and also includes 4-hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, demosine, isodemosine, 3-methylhistidine, norvalin, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, citrulline homocysteine, homoserine, ornithine and methionine sulfone. 
     Additional types of prodrugs are also encompassed. For instance, free carboxyl groups can be derivatized as amides or alkyl esters. The amide and ester moieties may incorporate groups including, but not limited, to ether, amine and carboxylic acid functionalities. Free hydroxy groups may be derivatized using groups including, but not limited to, hemisuccinates, phosphate esters, dimethylaminoacetates, and phosphoryloxymethyloxycarbonyls, as outlined in D. Fleisher, R. Bong, B. H. Stewart, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (1996) 19, 115. Carbamate prodrugs of hydroxy and amino groups are also included, as are carbonate prodrugs and sulfate esters of hydroxy groups. Derivatization of hydroxy groups as (acyloxy)methyl and (acyloxy)ethyl ethers wherein the acyl group may be an alkyl ester, optionally substituted with groups including, but not limited to, ether, amine and carboxylic acid functionalities, or where the acyl group is an amino acid ester as described above, are also encompassed. Prodrugs of this type are described in R. P. Robinson et al., J. Medicinal Chemistry (1996) 39, 10. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The compounds of formula I are readily prepared by the synthesis methods described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,618,808 and 5,618,811, described supra. A specific example of a synthesis of a compound of formula I, specifically a compound of formula III, more specifically 2-{3-[3-(1H-Benzotriazol-5-yl)-ureido]-2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-azepan-1-yl}-N-tert-butyl-acetamide, is shown and described below:                                                     
     4-(2-Methylphenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone ethylene ketal: 
     Prepared in analogy with  J. Med. Chem ., 35, 320-324 (1992) as follows: To a 1 L round-bottomed flask equipped with nitrogen inlet were added 78.1 grams (0.50 mol) cyclohexane-1,4-dione monoethylene ketal and 500 mL dry tetrahydrofuran. The solution was cooled to −78° C., and 250 mL of a 2.0 N solution (0.50 mol) of 2-methylphenylmagnesium bromide in ether was added drop wise over 30 minutes, then the reaction was stirred for 10 minutes and warmed to room temperature. The reaction was poured into ice/water, the layers separated, and the aqueous phase extracted with ether. The combined organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated to a an oil, which was used directly in the next step. 
       1 H-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 1.5-2.4 (m, 8H), 2.64 (s, 3H), 3.9-4.1 (m, 4H), 7.1 (m, 3H), 7.45 (m, IH). MS (%): 230 (25, parent-H 2 O), 129 (15), 101 (30), 86 (100). 
     4-(2-Methylphenyl)cyclohexanone: 
     A solution of 4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone ethylene ketal from the preceding step in 800 mL dioxane was treated with 16 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid and 30 grams 10% palladium-on-carbon under 35 p.s.i. hydrogen for 24 hours, then filtered through Celite to remove the catalyst. The filtrate was treated with 230 mL water and stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. The solution was evaporated, the pH adjusted to 8 with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel using ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent to afford 33.3 grams (35%) of an oil. 
       1 H-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 1.9 (m, 2H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.49 (m, 4H), 3.21 (tt, J=4, 12, 1H), 7.1-7.2 (m, 4H). MS (%): 188 (60, parent), 131 (65), 118 (100). 
     2-Chloro-4-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexanone: 
     Prepared in analogy with a method in Hussey, A. S. and Herr, R. R.,  J. Org. Chem ., 24, 843 (1959). To a 500 mL round-bottomed flask equipped with nitrogen inlet was added 33.3 grams (0.177 mol) of 4-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexanone and 200 mL methylene chloride. To the stirring solution was added drop wise over 30 minutes a solution of 17.1 mL (0.212 mol) sulfuryl chloride in 10 mL methylene chloride. The reaction was stirred 14 hours at room temperature and poured into saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was separated, washed again with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to a yellow oil, 41 grams (100%), as a mixture of diastereomers which was used directly in the next step. 
       1 H-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 1.9-2.7 (m, 6H), 2.42 and 2.44 (singlets, for each diastereomer, 3H), 3.2 (m, 1H), 4.68 and 5.36 (multiplets, 1H), 7.1-7.2 (m, 4H). MS (%) 222 (80, parent), 159 (65), 118 (100), 105 (55), 55 (50). 
     2-Phenyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexanone: 
     The above oil was dissolved in 200 mL dry benzene and added drop wise over 40 minutes to 59 mL (177 mmol) of a 3.0 M solution of phenylmagnesium bromide in ether, cooling so the temperature did not rise above 10° C. The reaction was then allowed to warm and then heated to reflux for 16 hours. It was then cooled, quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride solution, then washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel using hexane/ethyl acetate as eluent to afford a tan oil, 13.1 grams (28%). The oil, which is only the cis diastereomer, was used directly in the next step. 
       1 H-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 2.0-2.6 (m, 4H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 3.49 (m, 1H), 3.83 (dd, J=3, 13 Hz, 1H), 7.0-7.4 (m, 9H). MS(%) 264 (75, parent), 160 (70), 118 (100), 91 (80). 
     2-Phenyl4-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexanone oxime: 
     2-Phenyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexanone, 13.1 grams (49.5 mmol), was dissolved in 200 mL methanol/methylene chloride, followed by 11.1 mL (79.3 mmol) triethylamine and 5.5 grams (79.3 mmol) hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours, the solvent evaporated, and the resulting solid washed with methanol and dried to afford 8.2 grams (59%) of a yellow solid. 
       1 H-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 1.7-2.9 (m, 4H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 3.0-3.2 (m, 2H), 3.58 (m, 2H), 7.0-7.4 (m, 9H), 8.25 (bs, IH). 
       13 C-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 19.4, 24.8, 31.9, 39.4, 40.7, 49.6,125.1, 126.1, 126.4, 126.8, 128.3, 128.6, 130.5, 135.2,140.1, 143.3, 161.1. 
     5-(2-Methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepin-2-one: 
     To a 250 mL round-bottomed flask equipped with nitrogen inlet were added 8.20 grams (29.4 mol) 2-phenyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)cyclohexanone oxime and 80 mL pyridine. Once the solid had dissolved, the solution was cooled to 0° C., and 27.9 grams (147 mmol) p-toluenesulfonyl chloride was added. The reaction was allowed to stir for 16 hours while the ice bath melted and the reaction warmed to room temperature. It was then poured into 300 mL 3N HCl, extracted into ethyl acetate, and the organic layer washed with additional hydrochloric acid and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel using methanol/methylene chloride as eluent to afford 5.27 grams (64%) of an amorphous solid. 
       1 H-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 1.8-2.2 (m, 4H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 4.60 (m, 1H), 5.74 (bs, 1H), 7.0-7.4 (m, 9H). 
     3-Bromo-5-(2-Methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepin-2-one: 
     To a 250 mL round-bottomed flask equipped with addition funnel and nitrogen inlet were added 3.5 grams (16.8 mol) phosphorus pentachloride and 25 mL dry methylene chloride. The mixture was cooled with stirring to 0° C., and a solution of 4.7 grams (16.8 mmol) 5-(2-methlphenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepin-2-one and 2.7 mL (33.6 mmol) pyridine in 50 mL methylene chloride was added drop wise over 20 minutes. The reaction was stirred 5 minutes at 0° C., then 1.9 mL (37.0 mmol) bromine in 5 mL methylene chloride was added drop wise over 5 minutes. The reaction was stirred 5 minutes at 0° C., then 1.8 hours at room temperature. The reaction was evaporated, taken up in 40 mL of 1:1 tetrahydrofuran: water, and stirred for 1.2 hours. The reaction was then poured into water and extracted into ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with aqueous sodium bisulfite solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to an oil. At this point, a little of the desired monobrominated product can be recovered by chromatography, as described below; the remainder, mostly dibromo adduct, is treated an follows. The oil was taken up in 20 mL methylene chloride and 20 mL ethanol, and hydrogenated under 42 p.s.i. hydrogen in the presence of 0.70 grams 10% palladium-on-carbon and 7 drops of quinoline for 1 hour. Tlc showed mostly desired monobromo product at R f =0.5, with a little dibromo precursor at R f =0.7 and starting lactam at R f =0.15, in 1/1-ethyl acetate/hexane. The reaction was filtered through Celite with ethanol and methylene chloride, evaporated, and chromatographed on silica gel using 2/1-hexane/ethyl acetate as eluent to afford 2.8 grams (46%) of a foam, a mixture of diastereomers. 
       1 H-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 2.1-2.5 (m, 4H), 2.35 and 2.39 (singlets, 3H), 3.40 and 3.84 (multiplets for the diastereomers at the 5-position, 1H), 4.81 and 5.05 (multiplets for the diastereomers at the 3-position, 1H), 5.83 and 5.93 (bs&#39;s, 1H), 7.1-7.4 (m, 9H). FAB MS: 358/360 (parent for Br 79 /Br 81 ), 280 (100). 
     N-(t-Butyl)-2-oxo-3-bromo-5-(2-methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepin-1-yl ethanoic amide: 
     To a 1000 mL 3-necked round-bottomed flank equipped with addition funnel and nitrogen inlet was added 3.9 grams (97.6 mmol) sodium hydride, which was then washed with hexane, and 400 mL dry tetrahydrofuran. To the stirring suspension was added a solution of 31.8 grams (88.8 mmol) 3-Bromo-5-(2-methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepin-2-one and 23.5 grams (97.6 mmol) t-butyl iodoacetamide. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 60 hours, quenched with ammonium chloride solution, then poured into water, extracted twice into ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel using 2/1-hexane/ethyl acetate an eluent to afford 38.7 grams (92%) of a foam, a mixture of diastereomers. 
       1 H-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 1.27 and 1.29 (singlets for the two diastereomers, 9H), 2.0-2.6 (m, 4H), 2.32 and 2.36 (s&#39;s, 3H), 3.2-3.9 (m, 4H), 5.0-5.6 (m, 2H), 6.9-7.3 (m, 9H)  13 C-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 19.5, 27.3, 28.4, 28.7, 38.0, 39.2, 39.7, 41.7, 41.9, 49.0, 50.7, 51.1, 51.2, 59.4, 61.8, 62.2, 126.1, 126.3, 126.6, 126.7, 128.3, 128.5, 128.7, 129.0, 129.4, 130.6, 135.0, 139.5, 142.7, 167.6, 170.0, 170.5. 
     N-(t-Butyl)-2-oxo-3-azido-5-(2-methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepin-1-yl ethanoic amide: 
     To a 250 mL round-bottomed flask equipped with nitrogen inlet were added 38.7 grams (82.1 mmol) N-(t-Butyl)-2-oxo-3-bromo-5-(2-methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepin-1-yl ethanoic amide, 150 mL dry dimethylformamide, and 6.4 grams (98.5 mmol) sodium azide. The reaction was heated at 80° C. for 3.5 days, cooled, poured into water, and extracted into ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel using 40% ethyl acetate in hexane as eluent to afford 13.8 grams (38%) of an oil, the more polar spot which was found to be the desired cis diastereomer, R f =0.6 in 1/1 ethyl acetate/hexane. 
       1 H-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 1.29 (s, 9H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.7 (m, 1H), 3.3-3.5 (m, 2H), 3.60 (ABq, J=15, Δv=215 Hz, 2H), 4.55 (m, 1H), 4.95 (m, 1H), 5.60 (bs, 1H), 7.1-7.5 (m, 9H). 
       13 C-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 19.5, 28.7, 36.8, 38.1, 41.1, 48.4, 51.1, 61.2, 61.5, 126.1, 126.7, 128.8, 129.4, 130.7, 134.3, 137.9, 142.6, 167.6, 172.4. IR (KBr, cm −1 ): 2120 (N3), 1660 (C=0). 
     FAB Mass Spectroscopy (%): 434 (28 (parent+1)), 408 (55), 207 (68), 105 (64), 91 (100). 
     N-(t-Butyl)-2-oxo-3-amino-5-(2-methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepin-1-yl ethanoic amide: 
     A solution of 13.7 grams (31.6 mmol) N-(t-Butyl)-2-oxo-3-azido-5-(2-methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepin-1-yl ethanoic amide in 120 mL ethanol and 60 mL methylene chloride was hydrogenated at 42 p.s.i. in the presence of 3.9 grams 10% palladium-on-carbon for 36 hours. It was then filtered through celite with ethanol and methylene chloride, evaporated, and chromatographed on silica gel using 15% and 30% methanol in ethyl acetate as eluent to afford 12.2 grams (95%) of a foam. 
       1 H-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 1.13 (singlet, 9H), 2.0-2.3 and 3.9 (multiplet, 6H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 3.4 (m, 1H), 4.7 (m, 2H), 5.18 (d, J=10 Hz, 1H), 5.94 (broad singlet, 1H), 7.0-7.3 (m, 9H). 
       13 C-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 19.6, 28.6, 37.3, 38.7 40.8, 48.2, 51.1, 53.5, 60.9, 126.0, 126.4, 128.6, 128.8, 129.8, 130.6, 134.8, 138.1, 143.0, 168.0, 174.1. 
     2-{3-[3-(1H-Benzotriazol-5-yl)-ureido]-2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-azepan-1-yl}-N-tert-butyl-acetamide: 
     To a 35 mL round-bottomed flank equipped with nitrogen inlet and condenser were added 40 mg (0.25 mmol) benzotriazole-5-carboxylic acid, 10 mL dry benzene, 10 mL dry tetrahydrofuran, 0.058 mL (0.27 mmol) diphenylphosphoryl azide, and 0.034 mL (0.27 mmol) triethylamine. The reaction was refluxed for 1.5 hour, cooled briefly, and 100 mg (0.25 mmol) N-(t-butyl)-2-oxo-3-amino-5-(2-methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroazepin-1-yl ethanoic amide (the more polar isomer from the preceding example) was added and refluxing continued for 10 hours. The reaction was cooled and evaporated the resulting residue was chromatographed on silica gel with methanol/methylene chloride as eluent to afford the title compound as a white amorphous solid, 53 mg (37%). 
       1 H-NMR (δ, CDCl 3 ): 1.20 (s, 9H), 2.0-2.3 (m, 6H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 3.5-3.9 (m, 4H), 5.0-5.6 (m, 2H), 6.9-7.7 (m, 12H), 9.4 (bs, 3H). 
     FAB Mass Spectroscopy (%): 568 (3 (parent+1)), 495 (11), 408 (11), 207 (85), 91 (100). 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 H 
                 N 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Anal calc&#39;d for C 32 H 37 N 7 O 3 ·0.5(H 2 CO 3 ) 
                 65.20 
                 6.40 
                 16.38 
               
               
                   
                 found 
                 65.56 
                 6.72 
                 16.06 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The in vitro activity of the compounds of formula I in inhibiting VEGF/GAG (glycosaminoglycan) binding may be measured using the assay described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,795,860, the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     Using mixed cellulose ester 96-well filter plates, 150 μL of Dulbeccos PBS (phosphate buffered saline) containing 10% ovalbumin is added. Compound (5.0 μL) is added at a final concentration of 1.8 μM. Compounds are dissolved in 8% DMSO (final DMSO concentration is 0.16%) and tested at concentrations of 32, 10, 3.2, 1.0, 0.32 and 0.10 μM. A mixture of [ 125 I]heparin-16-mer (4500 cpm per well), purified VEGF 165  (20 nM final concentration/well, prepared by Repligen, Inc.) and Dulbeccos PBS with 10% ovalbumin is added to the 96-well plate in a volume of 100 μL. Nonspecific binding is defined using 10 μM heparin-sodium from porcine intestinal mucosa. The assay plate is incubated for 60 minutes at room temperature, filtered using a Millipore filtration apparatus, the plastic bottom plate is removed and the filter plate is allowed to completely dry. The plate bottom is sealed with plastic plate seal and 25 μL of scintillation cocktail is added to each well. The top plate is sealed and is counted for radioactivity on a Microbeta Scintillation Counter. The assay is run in a final volume of 250 μL. 
     The activity of the compounds of formula I, in vivo, can be determined by the amount of inhibition of tumor growth by a test compound relative to a control. The tumor growth inhibitory effects of various compounds are measured according to the methods of Corbett T. H., et al. “Tumor Induction Relationships in Development of Transplantable Cancers of the Colon in Mice for Chemotherapy Assays, with a Note on Carcinogen Structure”,  Cancer Res ., 35, 2434-2439 (1975) and Corbett, T. H., et al., “A Mouse Colon-tumor Model for Experimental Therapy”,  Cancer Chemother. Rep . ( Part  2)”, 5, 169-186 (1975), with slight modifications. Tumors are induced in the flank by s.c. injection of 1×10 6  log phase cultured tumor cells suspended in 0.1-0.2 ml PBS. After sufficient time has elapsed for the tumors to become palpable (5-6 mm in diameter), the test animals (athymic mice) are treated with active compound (formulated by dissolution in appropriate diluent, for example water or 5% Gelucire™ 44/14 rn PBS by the intraperitoneal (ip) or oral (po) routes of administration once or twice daily for 4 to 10 consecutive days. In order to determine an anti-tumor effect, the tumor is measured in millimeters with Vernier calipers across two diameters and the tumor volume (mm 3 ) is calculated using the formula: Tumor weight=(length×[width] 2 )/2, according to the methods of Geran, R. I., et al. “Protocols for Screening Chemical Agents and Natural Products Against Animal Tumors and Other Biological Systems”, Third Edition,  Cancer Chemother. Rep ., 3, 1-104 (1972). The flank site of tumor implantation provides reproducible dose/response effects for a variety of chemotherapeutic agents, and the method of measurement (tumor diameter) is a reliable method for assessing tumor growth rates. 
     Administration of the compounds of the present invention (hereinafter the “active compound(s)”) can be effected by any method that enables delivery of the compounds to the site of action. These methods include oral routes, intraduodenal routes, parenteral injection (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or infusion), topical, and rectal administration. 
     The amount of the active compound administered will be dependent on the subject being treated, the severity of the disorder or condition, the rate of administration and the judgement of the prescribing physician. However, an effective dosage is in the range of about 0.001 to about 100 mg per kg body weight per day, preferably about 1 to about 35 mg/kg/day, in single or divided doses. For a 70 kg human, this would amount to about 0.05 to about 7 g/day, preferably about 0.2 to about 2.5 g/day. In some instances, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate, while in other cases still larger doses may be employed without causing any harmful side effect, provided that such larger doses are first divided into several small doses for administration throughout the day. 
     The active compound may be applied as a sole therapy or may involve one or more other anti-tumor substances, for example those selected from, for example, mitotic inhibitors, for example vinblastine; alkylating agents, for example cis-platin, carboplatin and cyclophosphamide; anti-metabolites, for example 5-fluorouracil, cytosine arabinoside and hydroxyurea, or, for example, one of the preferred anti-metabolites disclosed in European Patent Application No. 239362 such as N-(5-[N-(3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-6-ylmethyl)-N-methylamino]-2-thenoyl)-L-glutamic acid; growth factor inhibitors; cell cycle inhibitors; intercalating antibiotics, for example adriamycin and bleomycin; enzymes, for example interferon; and anti-hormones, for example anti-estrogens such as Nolvadex™ (tamoxifen) or, for example anti-androgens such as Casodex™ (4′-cyano-3-(4-fluorophenylsulphonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3′-(trifluoromethyl)propionanilide). Such conjoint treatment may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate dosing of the individual components of the treatment. 
     The pharmaceutical composition may, for example, be in a form suitable for oral administration as a tablet, capsule, pill, powder, sustained release formulations, solution, suspension, for parenteral injection as a sterile solution, suspension or emulsion, for topical administration as an ointment or cream or for rectal administration as a suppository. The pharmaceutical composition may be in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of precise dosages. The pharmaceutical composition will include a conventional pharmaceutical carrier or excipient and a compound according to the invention as an active ingredient. In addition, it may include other medicinal or pharmaceutical agents, carriers, adjuvants, etc. Exemplary parenteral administration forms include solutions or suspensions of active compounds in sterile aqueous solutions, for example, aqueous propylene glycol or dextrose solutions. Such dosage forms can be suitably buffered, if desired. 
     Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert diluents or fillers, water and various organic solvents. The pharmaceutical compositions may, if desired, contain additional ingredients such as flavorings, binders, excipients and the like. Thus for oral administration, tablets containing various excipients, such as citric acid may be employed together with various disintegrants such as starch, alginic acid and certain complex silicates and with binding agents such as sucrose, gelatin and acacia. Additionally, lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate and talc are often useful for tableting purposes. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed in soft and hard filled gelatin capsules. Preferred materials, therefore, include lactose or milk sugar and high molecular weight polyethylene glycols. When aqueous suspensions or elixirs are desired for oral administration the active compound therein may be combined with various sweetening or flavoring agents, coloring matters or dyes and, if desired, emulsifying agents or suspending agents, together with diluents such as water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, or combinations thereof. Methods of preparing various pharmaceutical compositions with a specific amount of active compound are known, or will be apparent, to those skilled in this art. For examples, see  Remington&#39;s Pharmaceutical Sciences , Mack Publishing Company, Easter, Pa., 15th Edition (1975). 
     Activity data for representative compounds of Formula I is provided below: 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 IC50 
               
               
                 Compound Name 
                 (uM) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 3-{3-[1-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl-methyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl- 
                 20 
               
               
                 azepan-3-yl]-ureido}-benzoic acid 
               
               
                 2-{3-[3-(3-Benzenesulfonylaminocarbonyl-phenyl)-ureido]-2-oxo- 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-azepan-1-yl}-N-tert-butyl-acetamide 
               
               
                 N-tert-Butyl-2-{2-oxo-7-phenyl-3-[3-(3- 
                 2.4 
               
               
                 phenylmethanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-phenyl)-ureido]-5-o-toyl- 
               
               
                 azepan-1-yl}-acetamide 
               
               
                 3-{3-[1-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl-methyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl- 
                 8.6 
               
               
                 azepan-3-yl]-ureido}-N-(5-trifluoromethyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)- 
               
               
                 benzamide 
               
               
                 N-tert-Butyl-2-(2-oxo-7-phenyl-3-{3-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]- 
                 3.7 
               
               
                 ureido}-5-o-tolyl-azepan-1-yl)-acetamide 
               
               
                 N-(1-Methyl-cyclohexyl)-2-(2-oxo-7-phenyl-3-{3-[3-(1H-tetrazol- 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 5-yl)-phenyl]-ureido}-5-o-tolyl-azepan-1-yl)-acetamide 
               
               
                 3-(3-{1-[(1-Methyl-cyclohexylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-2-oxo-7-phenyl- 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 5-o-tolyl-azepan-3-yl}-ureido)-N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-benzamide 
               
               
                 N-tert-Butyl-2-(5-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-3-{3-[3- 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 (1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-ureido}-azepan-1-yl)-acetamide 
               
               
                 3-{3-[1-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl-methyl)-5-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2- 
                 4.3 
               
               
                 oxo-7-phenyl-azepan-3-yl]-ureido}-benzoic acid 
               
               
                 3-{3-[1-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl-methyl)-5-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2- 
                 1.7 
               
               
                 oxo-7-phenyl-azepan-3-yl]-ureido}-N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-benzamide 
               
               
                 N-tert-Butyl-2-[3-[3-(3-methanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-phenyl)- 
                 5.8 
               
               
                 ureido]-5-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-azepan-1-yl]- 
               
               
                 acetamide 
               
               
                 2-(5-(2-Methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-3-{3-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5- 
                 1.9 
               
               
                 yl)-phenyl]-ureido}-azepan-1-yl)-N-(1-methyl-cyclohexyl)- 
               
               
                 acetamide 
               
               
                 3-(3-{5-(2-Methoxy-phenyl)-1-[(1-methyl-cyclohexylcarbamoyl)- 
                 0.9 
               
               
                 methyl]-2-oxo-7-phenyl-azepan-3-yl}-ureido)-N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)- 
               
               
                 benzamide 
               
               
                 [2-Oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-3-(3-m-tolyl-ureido)-azepan-1-yl]-acetic 
                 2.4 
               
               
                 acid 
               
               
                 N-(1-Methyl-cyclohexyl)-2-{2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl-3-[3-(3- 
                 1.7 
               
               
                 trifluoromethanesulfonyl aminocarbonyl-phenyl)-ureido]-azepan- 
               
               
                 1-yl}-acetamide 
               
               
                 2-[3-[3-(3-Methanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-phenyl)-ureido]-5-(2- 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-7-phenyl-azepan-1-yl]-N-(1-methyl- 
               
               
                 cyclohexyl)-acetamide 
               
               
                 2-{3-[3-(1H-Benzotriazol-5-yl)-ureido]-2-oxo-7-phenyl-5-o-tolyl- 
                 1.6 
               
               
                 azepan-1-yl}-N-tert-butyl-acetamide 
               
               
                 3-{3-[1-(tert-Butylcarbamoyl-methyl)-8-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl- 
                 9.8 
               
               
                 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azepin-3-yl]-ureido}-benzoic acid 
               
               
                 N-tert-Butyl-2-{3-[-(3-methanesulfonylaminocarbonyl-phenyl)- 
                 11 
               
               
                 ureido]-8-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 
               
               
                 benzo[b]azepin-1-yl}-acetamide 
               
               
                 1-{3-Fluoro-8-oxo-9-[2-oxo-2-(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)- 
                 3.7 
               
               
                 ethyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5-oxo-9-aza-benzocyclohepten-7-yl}- 
               
               
                 3-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-urea 
               
               
                 N-tert-Butyl-2-(5-cyclohexyl-8-methyl-2-oxo-3-{3-[3-(1H-tetrazol- 
                 4.3 
               
               
                 5-yl)-phenyl]-ureido}-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[b]azepin-1-yl)- 
               
               
                 acetamide 
               
               
                 1-{3-Fluoro-8-oxo-9-[2-oxo-2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)- 
                 1.7 
               
               
                 ethyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5-oxo-9-aza-benzocyclohepten-7-yl}-3- 
               
               
                 [3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-urea 
               
               
                 1-{4-Oxo-5-[2-oxo-2-(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl]- 
                 6.7 
               
               
                 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[b)[1,4]thiazepin-3-yl}-3-[3-(1H- 
               
               
                 tetrazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-urea