Abstract:
Systems and methods for moving objects facilitate quick and inexpensive relocation of the target objects. Operator safety is enhanced by eliminating the need to apply manual force to urge a target object into motion, and by inclusion of features such as automatic braking responsive to motor cut-off. Through use of the present system, a user may move a target object, for example a trailer intended for use behind a vehicle, into and/or out of a storage location in a simplified and more efficient manner.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional No. 61/227,917 filed on Jul. 23, 2009 and entitled “OBJECT MOVEMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD.” This provisional application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates generally to movement of objects, and more particularly to systems and methods for moving or transporting wheeled vehicles. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Often, an object, for example a wheeled trailer, is desired to be moved, e.g., placed in and/or withdrawn from a confined space. Moreover, the design of smaller trailers can make them especially difficult to park when using a towing vehicle; generally, the shorter the trailer the more difficult it is to maneuver while reversing. Another often encountered difficulty is space limitation; the towing vehicle may have limited room and may thus be unable to maneuver in a suitable manner or even gain access to the trailer. As a result, a person may typically resort to physically pushing or pulling a trailer to move and/or position the trailer over a short distance. However, this can be difficult, for example due to the weight of the trailer, the load the trailer is carrying, the nature and/or slope of the terrain upon which the trailer is situated, and so forth. Additionally, manual trailer movement can be dangerous because a heavy trailer may be difficult to control once it is set in motion. 
         [0004]    Certain existing devices designed to move trailers are typically built for long hours of use, for moving trailers configured to haul industrial sized loads (e.g., loads in excess of about 10,000 pounds), and/or for being permanently affixed to the trailer. Accordingly, such devices are often extremely expensive, difficult to transport, and/or cumbersome to install and remove from a trailer. It is thus desirable to provide a system for moving objects, for example a trailer mover system, which is comparatively lightweight, portable, easy to use on a variety of wheeled equipment, and/or inexpensive to manufacture. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    Described herein are systems and methods for vehicle movement. In an exemplary embodiment, a trailer mover system comprises a wheel coupled to a frame, the frame configured to be coupled to a trailer, and a motor coupled to the wheel via a planetary gear system. A steering handle is coupled to the frame and configured to facilitate a user steering the trailer mover system. A control box is coupled to the motor and configured to deliver operational commands to the motor. 
         [0006]    In another exemplary embodiment, a method for moving an object comprises coupling a wheel to the tongue of a trailer, the wheel being coupled to a motor via a planetary gear system. The motor is coupled to a power source located on the trailer. At least one operational command is delivered, via a control panel coupled to the motor, to the motor to cause the motor to operate and move the trailer. Guidance is provided to the trailer while the motor is operational via use of a steering handle coupled to the wheel. 
         [0007]    In another exemplary embodiment, a tangible computer-readable medium has stored thereon, computer-executable instructions that, if executed by a system, cause the system to perform a method. The method comprises coupling a wheel to the tongue of a trailer, the wheel being coupled to a motor via a planetary gear system, coupling the motor to a power source located on the trailer, delivering, via a control panel coupled to the motor, at least one operational command to the motor to cause the motor to operate and move the trailer, and providing guidance to the trailer while the motor is operational via use of a steering handle coupled to the wheel. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]    The claimed subject matter is particularly pointed out in the concluding portion of the specification. The present disclosure, however, both as to organization and content, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures, in which like parts are referred to by like numerals: 
           [0009]      FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of a system for moving objects, for example a trailer mover system, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
           [0010]      FIG. 2  illustrates portions of a trailer mover system coupled to a trailer tongue in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
           [0011]      FIG. 3A  illustrates a trailer mover system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
           [0012]      FIG. 3B  illustrates an exploded view of a trailer mover system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
           [0013]      FIG. 3C  illustrates a perspective view of a portion of a trailer mover system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
           [0014]      FIG. 3D  illustrates a frame of a trailer mover system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
           [0015]      FIG. 3E  illustrates a motor of a trailer mover system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
           [0016]      FIG. 3F  illustrates an axle of a trailer mover system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
           [0017]      FIG. 3G  illustrates a controller for a trailer mover system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 
           [0018]      FIG. 3H  illustrates a controller on a steering handle of a trailer mover system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; and 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  illustrates a method of moving a trailer in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0020]    The following description is of various exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the present disclosure in any way. Rather, the following description is intended to provide a convenient illustration for implementing various embodiments including the best mode. As will become apparent, various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of the elements described in these embodiments, without departing from the scope of the appended claims. For example, the steps recited in any of the method or process descriptions may be executed in any order and are not necessarily limited to the order presented. Moreover, many of the manufacturing functions or steps may be outsourced to or performed by one or more third parties. Furthermore, any reference to singular includes plural embodiments, and any reference to more than one component or step may include a singular embodiment or step. Also, any reference to attached, fixed, connected or the like may include permanent, removable, temporary, partial, full and/or any other possible attachment option. As used herein, the terms “coupled,” “coupling,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a physical connection, an electrical connection, a magnetic connection, an optical connection, a communicative connection, a functional connection, and/or any other connection. 
         [0021]    The subject matter may be described herein in terms of various functional components and processing steps. It should be appreciated that such components and steps may be realized by any number of mechanical, electrical, hardware, software, or other components configured to perform the specified functions. For example, an exemplary embodiment employs various electrical and mechanical components and functionality. In addition, various embodiments may be practiced in any number of object movement applications, and the embodiments disclosed are merely indicative of exemplary applications. For example, the principles, features and methods discussed may be applied to other vehicles, storage devices, transport devices, and/or the like. 
         [0022]    For the sake of brevity, conventional techniques for welding, fastening, coupling, assembly of electrical components, and/or the like may not be described in detail herein. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in various figures contained herein are intended to represent exemplary functional relationships and/or communicative, logical, and/or physical couplings between various elements. It should be noted that many alternative or additional functional relationships, components, and/or physical connections may be present in a practical trailer mover system. Moreover, when referring herein to moving, movement, motion, and/or the like, such terms can mean any form of movement, displacement, transporting, placing, pushing, pulling, lifting, and/or the like, and any combinations of the same. 
         [0023]    A system for moving objects, for example a trailer mover system, may comprise any components, mechanisms, devices, and/or the like, configured to facilitate movement of a desired object, for example a wheeled vehicle such as a trailer. In an exemplary embodiment, a trailer mover system is configured to retrofit onto an existing trailer stand. In another exemplary embodiment, a trailer mover system is configured to function as a trailer stand and thus may be directly attached to a trailer, for example on the trailer tongue as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, and with reference now to  FIG. 1A , a trailer mover system  100  generally comprises structural components  101 A, power components  101 B, and control components  101 C. Structural components  101 A are configured to provide support to a trailer and/or to various components of trailer mover system  100 . Power components  101 B are coupled to structural components  101 A, and are configured to generate, transmit, and/or transfer electrical and/or mechanical forces configured to facilitate movement of trailer mover system  100  and/or an attached trailer. Control components  101 C are coupled to structural components  101 A and/or power components  101 B, and are configured to enable operation and/or control of trailer mover system  100  by a user, as desired. 
         [0024]    With reference now to  FIGS. 3A-3B , in an exemplary embodiment, trailer mover system  100  comprises structural components  101 A, for example wheel assembly  302  comprising wheel  306  and frame  308  configured with connecting unit  304 . In this exemplary embodiment, trailer mover system  100  further comprises power components  101 B, for example, gear reduction unit  310  and electric motor  312 . In this exemplary embodiment, trailer mover system  100  further comprises control components  101 C, for example steering handle  316 . 
         [0025]    In an exemplary embodiment, wheel assembly  302  is coupled to electric motor  312  via gear reduction unit  310 . Steering handle  316  is coupled to wheel assembly  302  in order to facilitate control of and/or operation of trailer mover system  100  by a user. Various couplings within trailer mover system  100  utilize fasteners, bearings, bushings, and/or the like, as suitable to provide retaining forces and/or alleviate frictional losses and/or wear. 
         [0026]    Wheel assembly  302  may comprise any suitable components, mechanisms, and/or devices configured to enable movement of a supported object across a surface. In an exemplary embodiment, with reference to  FIGS. 3A-3C , wheel assembly  302  comprises a wheel  306  and a frame  308  configured to mount wheel  306 . Wheel assembly  302  is configured to be rotatably disposed to a trailer, for example via coupling to a trailer stand. Wheel assembly  302  may also be configured to be pivotally connected to a connecting unit  304 , which may be coupled to the base of a trailer stand. Wheel  306  is coupled to frame  308  in a manner configured to allow rotation of wheel  306  with respect to the ground, for example via an axle and bearings. 
         [0027]    Wheel  306  may comprise any suitable components, materials, and or configurations, as desired. In an exemplary embodiment, wheel  306  comprises a standard rubber tire, for example a pneumatic rubber tire, mounted to a hub or rim. An axle  311  may be rigidly affixed to the hub or rim, for example via a retaining pin. Axle  311  may further comprise an external gear extending from the hub or rim to engage gear reduction unit  310 . In certain exemplary embodiments, the external gear of axle  311  may directly engage electric motor  312 . 
         [0028]    With reference now to  FIGS. 3A-3D , in various exemplary embodiments frame  308  may comprise any suitable components, mechanisms, structures, and/or devices configured to support wheel  306  and/or other components of trailer mover system  100 . In an exemplary embodiment, frame  308  comprises steel plates welded together. In other exemplary embodiments, frame  308  may comprise aluminum, titanium, composite material, and/or the like, or combinations of the same. 
         [0029]    In various exemplary embodiments, frame  308  may be configured with various flanges, cavities, extensions, mounting surfaces, and/or the like, in order to support and/or couple to other components of trailer mover system  100 . In an exemplary embodiment, frame  308  is configured with a truncated arm  309  such that components configured to impart a force to wheel  306 , for example an electric motor  312  and/or a gear reduction unit  310 , may suitably access the hub of wheel  306 . Frame  308  may be coupled to wheel  306  in any suitable manner. 
         [0030]    Frame  308  may also comprise a surface configured to rotatably connect to a trailer stand and/or other portion of a wheeled vehicle. Alternatively, in certain exemplary embodiments, frame  308  is coupled to a connecting unit  304  configured to link frame  308  to a trailer stand and/or other portion of a wheeled vehicle. For example, connecting unit  304  may comprise a generally cylindrical extension configured for insertion at least partially into or around a portion of a trailer stand. Alternatively, an upper side of frame  308  may be configured with a protruding surface that is inserted at least partially into or around a portion of a trailer stand. In various exemplary embodiments, with momentary reference to  FIG. 2 , connecting unit  304  is configured to attach directly to the tongue of a trailer. In this configuration, a joint, pivot point, swivel, and/or any other suitable structure configured to facilitate steering, guidance, and/or rotation of wheel assembly  302  with respect to the trailer tongue may be located at any point along connecting unit  304  between the trailer tongue and frame  308 , at the point of attachment of frame  308  and connection unit  304 , and/or at any other suitable location, as desired. 
         [0031]    In various exemplary embodiments, frame  308  is configured to locate wheel  306  centrally beneath connecting unit  304  and/or centrally beneath a desired portion of a wheeled vehicle, for example a trailer stand. Stated another way, frame  308  is configured to achieve a “zero offset axle” configuration. In other words, the vertical axis about which wheel  306  may rotate and the vertical axis about which steering handle  316  may rotate are collinear. Moreover, the horizontal rotation axis of wheel  306  about the wheel axle also intersects the vertical rotation axis of wheel  306 . In this manner, wheel  306  may be rotated about the vertical axis with a minimized amount of force. Further, in this configuration, lateral forces operative on wheel  306  while being driven by motor  312  are reduced and/or minimized. Consequently, trailer mover system  100  may be operated in a suitable manner without requiring constant guidance and/or steering via steering handle  316 , simplifying operation of trailer mover system  100  and improving user satisfaction. 
         [0032]    With reference again to  FIGS. 3A-3C  and  3 E, in certain exemplary embodiments, frame  308  is configured to be coupled to, support, and/or otherwise accommodate a power source (e.g., a battery or similar) for electric motor  312 . For example, frame  308  may be configured in a manner facilitating placement of a battery in contact therewith, for example on an upper surface. In other exemplary embodiments, a power source that is part of an object intended to be moved (e.g., a trailer) may suitably be utilized, and frame  308  may be configured accordingly. Frame  308  is further connected to steering handle  316 , for example via linkage  318 . 
         [0033]    Steering handle  316  may comprise any suitable components, tubes, devices, mechanisms, and/or the like configured to facilitate guidance, steering, and/or rotation of wheel assembly  302  and/or wheel  306 . In an exemplary embodiment, steering handle  316  comprises a plurality of formed portions of metal pipe. In various exemplary embodiments, steering handle  316  is attached to frame  308 , truncated arm  309 , and/or to connecting unit  304 . In this manner, wheel assembly  302  may be guided, steered, and/or rotated as desired, for example rotated up to 360° about a vertical axis. Steering handle  316  may be L-shaped, linear, curved, and/or otherwise configured and/or formatted to facilitate steering, guidance, and/or rotation of wheel assembly  302 . Steering handle  316  may comprise aluminum, steel, plastic, and/or any suitable rigid or semi-rigid material, for example a metal pipe. Various electronic components, for example switches, indicators, wires, buttons, and/or the like, may be coupled to steering handle  316  and/or routed through steering handle  316  to couple with other components of trailer mover system  100 . In this manner, various controls for operation of trailer mover system  100  may be located on steering handle  316 . Steering handle  316  is coupled to wheel assembly  302  via linkage  318 . 
         [0034]    Linkage  318  may comprise any suitable component configured to couple wheel assembly  302  to steering handle  316 . In an exemplary embodiment, linkage  318  comprises an expander-type or wedge-type nut configured to apply a frictional force to a portion of steering handle  316 , for example responsive to rotation of a bolt. Linkage  318  may further be configured with a hinge or other adjustable mechanism in order to modify the orientation of steering handle  316  with respect to wheel assembly  302 . In another exemplary embodiment, linkage  318  may comprise a generally cylindrical extension from frame  308  into which a portion of steering handle  316  may be disposed. 
         [0035]    With reference now to  FIGS. 3B and 3E , in an exemplary embodiment gear reduction unit  310  comprises any suitable components configured to transfer force from motor  312  to wheel  306 , for example one or more mechanical gears. Gear reduction unit  310  may thus comprise various spur gears, helical gears, worm gears, bevel gears, crown gears, pinions, sprockets, idler gears, face gears, miter gears, planetary gears, and/or the like, as desired. In an exemplary embodiment, gear reduction unit  310  engages wheel  306  via axle  311  and a planetary gear system. Moreover, gear reduction unit  310  may be configured to provide a mechanical advantage to motor  312 , allowing motor  312  to move a load larger than would be possible in the absence of gear reduction unit  310 . Gear reduction unit  310  may be mounted to frame  308  of wheel assembly  302 . Gear reduction unit  310  may also be directly coupled to and/or integral with electric motor  312 . Moreover, gear reduction unit  310  may be located at any suitable location within trailer mover system  100 , and gear reduction unit  310  may further comprise any suitable electronic and/or mechanical components, as desired. 
         [0036]    In certain exemplary embodiments, gear reduction unit  310  comprises at least a portion of a planetary gear set. For example, a rotating shaft coupled to electric motor  312  may function as the sun gear of the planetary gear set, and a gear coupled to the hub of wheel  306  may function as the ring gear of the planetary gear set. One or more planetary gears and/or ring gears may be contained within gear reduction unit  310 , as desired. Moreover, the planetary gear set and/or other components of trailer mover system  100  may be configured to provide an automatic braking functionality, for example when motor  312  is disengaged. Gear reduction unit  310  is coupled to frame  308  and/or to electric motor  312 . 
         [0037]    With continued reference to  FIGS. 3B and 3E , in various exemplary embodiments, electric motor  112  comprises suitable components configured to generate mechanical force in order to move wheel  306 . In an exemplary embodiment, electric motor  312  is a direct current (DC) motor, for example a permanent magnet motor capable of generating up to about 1.5 horsepower at 12 volts. Electric motor  312  may comprise any suitable motor, for example a brushless DC motor, a brushed DC motor, a coreless DC motor, an alternating current (AC) motor, a transverse flux motor, and/or the like. Moreover, any motor, actuator, or similar device presently known or adopted in the future to drive moving parts within trailer mover system  100  falls within the scope of the present disclosure. In various other exemplary embodiments, electric motor  312  may be replaced with another suitable power storage, generation, and/or delivery mechanism capable of moving wheel  306 , for example an internal combustion engine, a spring, a piezoelectric material, and/or the like. Electric motor  312  is coupled to gear reduction unit  310  and/or frame  308 . 
         [0038]    Electric motor  312  may have a rotatable shaft configured to engage gear reduction unit  310 . In various exemplary embodiments, electric motor  312  engages wheel  306  directly. Electric motor  312  may be configured to rotate the shaft in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction; alternatively, electric motor  312  may be configured to rotate the shaft in either direction. Electric motor  312  may be powered by any means sufficient to effectuate movement of wheel  306 . For example, electric motor  312  may be powered by a  12 V battery, e.g., an automotive battery, a trailer battery, and/or the like. Additionally, electric motor  312  may also also be coupled to one or more control components, for example a control panel  322  and/or an integrated control panel  324 . 
         [0039]    With reference now to  FIG. 3G , in various exemplary embodiments trailer mover system  100  comprises a control panel  322 . Control panel  322  may comprise any suitable electronic and/or mechanical components, for example dials, displays, switches, lights, indicators, inputs, circuits, chips, and/or the like, configured to facilitate control of motor  312  and/or other portions of trailer mover system  100 , as desired. In an exemplary embodiment, control panel  322  comprises a molded plastic shell containing an integrated power relay and control button module. The control button module is configured with a first speed button configured to trigger operation of motor  312  at a first speed, and a second speed button configured to trigger operation of motor  312  in the opposite direction at a second speed different from the first speed. Control panel  322  further comprises load distributing relays configured to deliver electrical current to motor  312 , and a circuit breaker configured to protect operational components of control panel  322  from excessive current. 
         [0040]    Control panel  322  may be coupled to electric motor  312  via any suitable means, for example via one or more electrical cables  326 . In certain exemplary embodiments, power to drive electric motor  312  may also be supplied via cables  126 . In these embodiments, one or more of cables  326  may be configured with grip-type leads (for example, spring-loaded leads as found on automotive jumper cables) in order to facilitate coupling with and/or decoupling from terminals of a battery. In other exemplary embodiments, cables  326  deliver control commands to motor  312 , and power for motor  312  is delivered separately. In various exemplary embodiments, control panel  322  may be coupled to and/or integrated with steering handle  316  (e.g., as illustrated by integrated control panel  324  in  FIG. 3H ). 
         [0041]    In various exemplary embodiments, control panel  322  may be coupled to and/or in communication with motor  312  and/or other components of trailer mover system  100  solely via wireless communication, for example via radio frequency signals or other suitable means. In an exemplary embodiment, control panel  322  may be configured as a compact wireless controller, for example a controller suitable for storage on a keychain or other portable location. 
         [0042]    Control panel  322  may thus be configured with any suitable controls, options, settings, and/or the like, for example in order to facilitate control of motor  312 . Control panel  322  may enable a user to turn electric motor  312  on and off, adjust the speed and/or power output of electric motor  312 , adjust the operational direction of motor  312 , and/or the like. Moreover, control panel  322  may comprise additional and/or fewer components and/or capabilities, as desired. 
         [0043]    Turning now to  FIG. 4 , in certain exemplary embodiments, a trailer mover system  100  may be utilized to move a wheeled vehicle, as follows. Trailer mover system  100  is coupled to a wheeled vehicle such as a trailer, for example by connecting at least a portion of trailer mover system  100  to a trailer stand (step  410 ). Power is supplied to trailer mover system  100 , for example by coupling cables  326  to a battery located on the trailer (step  420 ). Via use of control panel  322 , a user issues one or more operational commands configured to activate motor  312  (step  430 ). Responsive to an operational command, motor  312  generates force to cause wheel  306  to rotate, resulting in movement of the trailer. The user may steer, guide, and or otherwise control movement of the trailer and/or operation of trailer mover system  100  via use of one or more of steering handle  316 , control panel  322 , and/or the like (step  440 ). When the trailer reaches a desired location, trailer mover system  100  may be decoupled from the trailer and/or a power source, as desired (step  450 ). Alternatively, trailer mover system  100  may be decoupled from a trailer without separating trailer mover system  100  from a power source. Trailer mover system  100  may be repeatedly coupled to, operated, and removed from a trailer, as desired. 
         [0044]    In various exemplary embodiments, trailer mover system  100  is configured to move and/or to be integrated with a suitable wheeled object. For example, trailer mover system  100  may be configured to couple to, move, and/or be integrated with a wheelbarrow. Trailer mover system  100  may also be configured to move a portable electrical apparatus, for example a generator. Moreover, trailer mover system  100  may be configured to move any suitable object, for example a tool chest, an item of medical equipment, a portable retail kiosk, a gate, a fence, a portion of irrigation piping, a flatbed transport cart, and/or the like. 
         [0045]    In various exemplary embodiments, trailer mover system  100  may be configured to be lightweight and/or compact. In an exemplary embodiment, trailer mover system  100  weighs between about 15 pounds and about 40 pounds. 
         [0046]    Moreover, in various exemplary embodiments, multiple trailer mover systems  100  may be coupled to an object, as desired, in order to facilitate movement of the object. For example, a first trailer mover system  100  may be coupled to an object at a first location, and a second trailer mover system  100  may be coupled to an object at a second location. Movement of the object is thus accomplished via use of multiple trailer mover systems  100 . In these exemplary embodiments, multiple trailer mover systems  100  may operate under the control of a single controller. Additionally, multiple objects may be coupled to a single trailer mover system  100  and the multiple objects may be moved accordingly. 
         [0047]    This disclosure has been made with reference to various exemplary embodiments including the best mode. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes and modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, various operational steps, as well as components for carrying out operational steps, may be implemented in alternate ways depending upon the particular application or in consideration of any number of cost functions associated with the operation of the system, e.g., various of the steps may be deleted, modified, or combined with other steps. Additionally, various components of trailer mover system  100  may link directly to other components and/or be omitted, as desired. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims. 
         [0048]    While the principles of this disclosure have been shown in various embodiments, many modifications of structure, arrangements, proportions, the elements, materials and components, used in practice, which are particularly adapted for a specific environment and operating requirements may be used without departing from the principles and scope of this disclosure. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure and may be expressed in the following claims. 
         [0049]    The foregoing specification has been described with reference to various embodiments. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. Accordingly, the specification is to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope thereof. Likewise, benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to various embodiments. However, benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or element of any or all of the claims. As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. When language similar to “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and C” is used in the claims or specification, the phrase is intended to mean any of the following: (1) at least one of A; (2) at least one of B; (3) at least one of C; (4) at least one of A and at least one of B; (5) at least one of B and at least one of C; (6) at least one of A and at least one of C; or (7) at least one of A, at least one of B, and at least one of C.