Abstract:
A pallet for receiving and transporting loads, having an upper platform for receiving the loads and block-like or strip-like support elements which are attached to or can be attached to its underside by connecting sections. At least the support elements are made of plastic with fiber material embedded therein. Advantageous shock absorbing properties, along with an advantageous structure, are achieved because the fiber material consists of natural fibers.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   This invention relates to a pallet for receiving and transporting loads, having an upper platform for receiving the loads and with block-like or strip-like support elements which are attached to or can be attached to an underside by connecting sections, wherein at least the support elements are made of plastic with embedded fiber material. 
   2. Discussion of Related Art 
   A pallet is taught by German Patent Reference DE 36 12 647 A1. In connection with this known pallet, in which packages to be stored or transported are received on support plates, attached to a supporting substructure, plastic is used, which has a fiber material embedded and which is of stamping waste made of resin-soaked woven fiberglass comminuted into flakes. 
   In connection with pallets made of plastic as taught by German Patent Reference DE 299 09 001 U1, intermediate blocks, on which a receiving platform is placed, have fiber mats or a bi-axially stretched thermoplastic material, if required with additives, for reinforcement, wherein the fiber mats are fiberglass or coal fiber mats. 
   In Japanese Patent Reference JP 07329969, plastic material with introduced metallic reinforcement elements is used for the construction of pallets. 
   In contrast to pallets made of wood, which are put together from relatively many pieces, the pallets made of plastic with embedded fiber material offer advantages in their manufacture and shaping, along with a relatively great stability. However, even with such a design it is not always possible to meet high demands made on damping ability to handle shocks, which can have damaging effects on the contained goods, in particular during transport. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   One object of this invention is to provide a pallet of the type mentioned above but with an ability for recycling, also that meets heavy demands made on the damping of shocks. 
   This object is attained by a pallet having characteristics taught in this specification and the claims. In this connection, the fiber material can be of natural fibers. 
   Based on their naturally existing structure, fiber materials made from natural fibers have great stability and damping capability in case of occurring shocks, so that blows to the received goods are particularly effectively damped in connection with such sudden forces, which has been found by testing. Thus, it is possible to better protect sensitive goods against damage due to shocks during transport. Also, the material naturally offers a satisfactory recycling ability. 
   The structure offers advantageous shock absorption in regard to goods to be used because the material and the structure of at least the support elements with embedded natural fibers have resilient and damping properties which are matched to the weights to be absorbed. For example, it is possible to suitably set as parameters the direction of the fibers, the amount of fibers and/or the type of embedding of the material and/or its shaping. 
   Furthermore, those measures regarding the manufacture and absorption properties of the pallet are advantageous, wherein at least the support elements have interior hollow spaces. Thus, it is possible by optimizing the weight, along with the required sturdiness and absorption properties, to also advantageously affect the material requirements and handling. 
   Different embodiments include that the hollow spaces are produced by pores in the plastic material and/or by shaping. 
   The structure and the support properties, as well as the ability to operate, are favored because the support elements are designed as profiled strips. 
   In this case, particularly good shock absorption properties and stability result from the plastic material being a polyurethane foam or a thermoplastic material, and the fiber material being of hemp fibers. 
   Furthermore, the steps contribute to satisfactory shock absorption wherein supporting wall sections between the upper platform and the substructure are inclined in cross section, at least in sections, with respect to a horizontal line, or are curved, by which the support forces and sturdiness can also be suitably affected. 
   Function, manufacture and ease of handling are also favorably affected because the strip-like support elements are embodied as hollow profiled sections. 
   Advantageous design possibilities include the supporting wall sections have an X-shaped, S-shaped, round or oval structure. 
   Stability and functional ability during shock absorption are advantageously affected because the moduli of elasticity of the fiber material and of the plastic material, in which it is embedded, make a gradual transition in order to minimize shear stresses. Thus, a separation of the fibers from the material in which they are embedded is countered. 
   The use of natural fibers also provides advantages because this is a replenishable raw material, which can be thermally recycled. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     This invention is explained in greater detail in view of exemplary embodiments, making reference to the drawings, wherein: 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective plan view of a shock pallet, in a one-piece embodiment with shock-damping support; 
       FIGS. 2A and 2B  each shows a pallet including an upper platform and a lower platform with interspersed support elements of a first cross-sectional shape in a partially exploded or combined representation; 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  each shows a pallet including an upper platform and support elements, having a different cross section, in a partially exploded or combined representation; and 
       FIGS. 4 and 5  show further embodiments of the pallet in a front view with an upper and a lower platform and with support elements of different cross section arranged between them. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1  shows a pallet  10 , formed as a single piece and having an upper platform  11  with edges that are delimited by lateral, upwardly projecting rib-like bordering sections  11 . 2 , by a rear bordering section  11 . 3 , which also projects upward and has on the underside longitudinally extending, parallel, strip-like support elements  12 , which are formed on it in one piece. Two of the three support elements  12  are arranged in the lateral edge area and one in the center, wherein free spaces for lifting elements of forklifts remain open between the support elements  12 . Hollow spaces extending in the longitudinal direction are formed in the support elements  12 , which not only result in savings of material, but also in resilience and damping properties, which are advantageous for shock absorption. 
   The pallet  10 , embodied as a shock pallet contains a fiber material of natural fibers embedded into a plastic material as the support, wherein a polyurethane foam with embedded hemp fibers can be advantageous. However, other natural fibers, such as wood, for example, can be employed. This combination of plastic and fiber material, in particular polyurethane foam and hemp fibers, per se results in great stability with advantageous shock absorption properties, in which the natural fiber structure advantageously affects the absorption of shocks, along with great stability. The hemp fibers have a thread-like micro-structure embedded in a woven support, wherein the moduli of elasticity of the polyurethane foam and of the hemp fibers can be matched to each other and the degree of damping can be adjusted by the direction of the fibers. Also, the shock absorption properties can be affected by their amount and by the embedding structure, such as, for example, crinkled or oriented in a preferred direction, and by the length of the fibers, and can be adjusted to the weight of the goods to be received and to their properties. 
   In connection with the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 2A and 2B , the support elements  12  are designed separate from the upper platform  11 , on which the goods to be stored or to be transported are received, and from a lower platform  13 , which is seated on a substructure. The support elements  12 , which are designed X-shaped in cross section, form hollow profiled sections with two hollow chambers which are triangular in cross section, wherein the support sections, which extend from the top to the bottom, are oriented obliquely with respect to a horizontal line, and therefore also to a vertical line, and the intersecting legs are closed off at the top and bottom by a respective covering wall. Respective counter-connecting sections  12 . 1  or  12 . 3  of a dovetailed cross section are formed on the top of the upper covering wall and the underside of the lower covering wall which, in the assembled state, is pushed, as free of play as possible and with a certain amount of press fit, into complementary groove-shaped connecting sections  11 . 1  or  13 . 1  at the underside of the upper and the top of the lower platform. Suitable holding structures can be inserted in one piece into the connecting sections  11 . 1  or  13 . 1  and/or the counter-connecting sections  12 . 1  or  12 . 3 , or additional fastening elements can be used, in order to fix the support elements  12  and the upper platform  11  and the lower platform  13  securely against each other. With these measures it is possible to advantageously make available to the user as packaged units for the respective requirements, pallets which are made of the previously described material including plastic with embedded natural fibers and which are simple to put together. 
     FIGS. 3A and 3B  show a different construction of a pallet  10  with an upper platform  11  and support elements  12  attached underneath it, wherein the connection between the upper platform  11  and the support elements  12 , corresponding to the previous exemplary embodiment via a connecting section  11 . 1 , is in the shape of a dovetail-shaped groove and a counter-connecting section  12 . 1  in the form of a protrusion, dovetail-shaped in cross section, in the manner of a tongue-and-groove connection. Underneath the respective counter-connecting section  12 . 1 , the support elements  12  have counter-sections which are formed thereon and have the shape of an ellipse in cross section, wherein the hollow spaces in the shape of an ellipse in cross section extend in the longitudinal direction of the hollow profiled sections thus formed, and the long semi-axes of the ellipses are horizontally arranged, so that a relatively wide support with curved support sections results, by which an advantageous shock absorption can be achieved. For placement on the ground, a runner  12 . 4  is respectively formed on the underside of the profiled strips, which have two hollow spaces. 
   In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4 , a support device with support elements  12 , which are S-shaped in cross section and respectively form two open hollow spaces, is arranged between the upper platform  11  and the lower platform  13 , wherein the support force can be set to be respectively lower than with closed hollow spaces, but on the other hand a limit to the resilient travel is achieved because of the free, longitudinally extending downward or upward directed end edges, so that excessive stretching, which could lead to breaking of the support sections, is prevented. The support elements thus can be formed in one piece on the upper or lower platform  11 ,  13 , or can be fixed in place by a connecting section  11 . 1  or  13 . 1  on the one side at the platforms  11 ,  13 , and with counter-connecting sections at the support elements  12  on the other side, as in the previously mentioned embodiments. 
   In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5 , in which the support elements are designed to be X-shaped, the support elements  12  can also be formed on the upper or lower platform  11 ,  13  wherein, depending on the support strength, the wall thickness of the legs and/or their inclination and/or their number over the width of the pallet can be selected as a function of the weight to be supported and the shock to be absorbed. 
   The parameters of the material composition of plastic material and natural fibers on the one hand, and the shaping and dimensions of the support elements  12  on the other, can be suitably matched to each other for achieving maximum shock absorption, wherein the properties of the respective goods to be transported, such as cabinets or housings with inserts, and/or the properties of the transport means, and the shock actions arising along therewith, can be respectively taken into consideration. 
   Besides advantageous shock absorption properties, the described structure can, as a result of the selected material, also be advantageously thermally recycled and, as a result of the regrowth of the raw material, have an advantageous material basis. 
   German Patent Reference 10 2006 037 482.7, the priority document corresponding to this invention, and its teachings are incorporated, by reference, into this specification.