Abstract:
The present disclosure describes a method of sentiment oriented slang for opinion mining. With increasing use of internet, many users can submit their review comments directly to the companies which can be automatically processed and summarized with critical issues from time to time and help the company get real time feedback from its customers. The method comprises, receiving at least one document comprising a plurality of sentiment oriented slang. The next step of the method comprises identifying the plurality of sentiment oriented slang in the at least one document. Further, a polarity score of each of a slang word identified is determined and sentiment information is displayed on an output device as an output.

Description:
[0001]    This application claims the benefit of Indian Patent Application Filing No. 1197/CHE/2011, filed Apr. 7, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
       TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to the field of opinion mining, and particularly, to a system and a method for slang sentiment classification for opinion mining. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Most of the successful systems for sentiment classification present in the art are custom developed for the domain which involves huge cost in building and maintenance. They use the conventional features like lexical, semantic and patterns. Huge lookup databases are built to boost the accuracy of the tools. Heavy analysis on the grammar which is used in the training set which represents specific category of documents is provided as intelligence in the tool. The tools accuracy heavily depends on the training data as they represent the entire text for which the tool is built. Hence, most of these systems are not easily configurable or extendable. They involve heavy maintenance from time to time. Hence, such systems are very expensive for the companies to put to use. 
         [0004]    Machine learning models provide easy maintenance but the training data need to be huge to represent the domain. In-depth technical knowledge is required to understand the behavior of such models and reason the results or mistakes made in prediction of the polarity scores. Therefore, Machine learning models are still not widely to predict polarity scores. So, there is a need in the art to build a solution, for slang sentiment classification for opinion mining which also calculates the polarity score. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    The present disclosure proposes using Slang sentiment along with the conventional sentiment analysis framework to obtain accurate sentiment scores for the given input text. This adds additional information and intelligence to the tools and helps them predict sentiment scores with more precision. 
         [0006]    Aspects of the disclosure relate to system and a method for slang sentiment classification for opinion mining. One of the embodiments of the present disclosure describes method for slang sentiment classification and calculating the polarity score. 
         [0007]    According to the one aspect of the present disclosure, a method for slang sentiment classification and calculating the polarity score comprises the steps of receiving at least one document which comprises a plurality of sentiment oriented slang words. The at least one document can be but not limited to a review database or a word document or a webpage. The method of the present embodiment also includes the step of identifying the plurality of sentiment oriented slang from the at least one document. Further, the method comprises the step of determining a polarity score of each of a slang word identified. The slang words are identified from the previous step for which the polarity score is calculated. The polarity score is calculated by referring to a separate database. The method of the present embodiment further comprises the step of displaying the overall sentiment information of the at least one document on an output device. 
         [0008]    In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of sentiment oriented slang is classified to a subjective context and an objective content. The slang words in the subjective context are identified and the polarity score of each of the slang word is determined by referring to a value from a database. The plurality of sentiment oriented slang is identified by accessing at least one database, wherein the database can be but not limited to a slang dictionary. The overall polarity score of the at least one document is computed wherein the overall polarity score is the weighted summation of all the polarity scores of each of the slang word. The polarity score can be one or more of but not limited to: a strong negative score S 1 , a weak negative score S 2 , a neutral score S 3 , a weak positive score S 4  and a strong positive score S 5 . The at least one document can be one or more of but not limited to a blog, a website, a text document or a document from the review database. 
         [0009]    In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the occurrence of each slang word in the at least one document is identified and the count of the number of occurrence of the slang word is stored. A sentiment information is a report based on the overall polarity score of the at least one document is displayed on an output device. The output device can be one or more but not limited to a computer monitor, a handheld device. 
         [0010]    In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a system for sentiment classification and polarity scoring comprises a data gathering module configured to receive at least one input from at least one database. The at least one input can be one or more of: a blog, a website, a text document or data from a review database. The embodiment of the present disclosure further comprises a data preparation module configured to receive an input from the data gathering module and transforms the input to a common format by normalizing the data. The system also comprises a sentiment classification module configured to receive input from the data preparation module, identify a plurality of sentiment oriented slang from at least one document and calculate a polarity score of each slang word. The sentiment classification module is configured to classify the plurality of sentiment oriented slang to subjective context and an objective context. The sentiment classification module is further configured to compute an overall polarity score, wherein the overall polarity score is the weighted summation of all polarity score. The polarity score is computed by referring to a value, wherein the value is the number of occurrences of each slang word. The polarity score can be one or more of a strong negative score S 1 , a weak negative score S 2 , a neutral score S 3 , a weak positive score S 4  and a strong positive score S 5 . The plurality of sentiment oriented slang is identified by referring to a slang dictionary. The sentiment classification module is further configured to count an occurrence the plurality of sentiment oriented slang. The at least one database is a review database. The sentiment classification module can also be configured to recomputed the polarity score for modifications in the at least one input. The system of the preferred embodiment further comprises an output module operable to communicate with the sentiment classification module; the output module displays an output on an output device. The output module is configured to display the output based on the overall polarity score of the at least one input. The output is a sentiment information based on the overall polarity score of the at least one input. The output device can be one or more of but not limited to a computer monitor, a handheld device and a computer monitor. 
         [0011]    One of the preferred embodiments of the sentiment analysis is identifying the polarity of a text as positive, negative or neutral with the help of features. It helps in understanding the attitude of customers towards a product. This analysis is really crucial for all the customer centric companies in knowing the right requirements of customers or enhancements in their products. In practice, the conventional sentiment analysis tools use the linguistic, semantic and pattern based approaches. Many of these tools are domain specific tools which take advantage of the language which is used in their respective domains. Every consumer has his own opinion about the product he is using which they are willing to share in social groups like forums, chat rooms and weblogs. As these review comments are actual feedbacks from customers, mining the sentiments in these reviews is being increasingly inducted into the feedback pipeline for any company. Along with it, the increasing use of slang in such communities in expressing emotions and sentiment makes it important to consider Slang in determining the sentiment. 
     
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
         [0012]    These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will be better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein: 
           [0013]      FIG. 1  is a flow chart illustrating a method  100  for slang sentiment classification, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating a system  200  for slang sentiment classification, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is a system illustrating a generalized computer network arrangement, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]    The present disclosure proposes a method for slang sentiment classification for opinion mining.  FIG. 1  is a flow chart illustrating a method  100  for slang sentiment classification, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Method  100  includes a step  110  receiving at least one document comprising a plurality of sentiment oriented slang. The at least one document can be one or more of but not limited to a blog, a website and a text document which can be received from a review database. The at least one documents are the articles obtained for analysis. They can also be received from web-crawlers or third party databases, or customer data files. 
         [0017]    Step  120 , involves identifying the plurality of sentiment oriented slang in the at least one document. One of the embodiments of the present disclosure includes classifying the sentiment oriented slang into subjective context and objective context. The slang words in the subjective content are identified. The matter of the objective content can be filtered or retained. Identifying the plurality of sentiment oriented slang can also be done by accessing at least one database to refer to the plurality of sentiment oriented slang. The at least one database can be but not limited to a slang dictionary. Further, the occurrence of each slang word is identified, counted and stored. The polarity score can be calculated by referring to a value, wherein the value is the number of occurrence of each slang word. 
         [0018]    At step  130 , the polarity score of each of the slang word that is identified is determined The slang words are identified in the subjective context and a polarity score for each of those slang words are computed using a processor. The processor can be but not limited to a general purpose computer, a specific personal computer or a handheld device capable of performing a set of instructions. The polarity score of the slang word can be determined by accessing at least one database to refer to a value. The at least one database can be a slang dictionary. The value that is stored in the at least one database is the number of occurrences of each of the slang word. The overall polarity score is computed, wherein the overall polarity score is the weighted summation of all polarity score. The polarity score can be one or more of, but not limited to a strong negative score S 1 , a weak negative score S 2 , a neutral score S 3 , a weak positive score S 4  and a strong positive score S 5 . The polarity score can be configured to add additional polarity scores, or delete the extra polarity scores. The configuration of S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4  and S 5  can be accordingly altered. The polarity of the slang word can be computed using Delta TF and weighted IDF measures as explained. If ft,d gives the corresponding features frequency in document d and if |N| and |P| are the total positive and negative corpus size, if Nt and Pt correspond to the effective number of documents containing t in the negatively and positively labeled sets, then the Vt,d, which is the value of feature t in document d, is given by: 
         [0000]        Vt,d=ft,d* log2(| N|/Nt )− ft,d *log2(| P|/Pt )  (1)
 
         [0000]    Since our illustrative training sets are balanced, equation 1 becomes: 
         [0000]        Vt,d=ft,d _log2( Pt/Nt )  (2)
 
         [0019]    The scores Nt and Pt, which are effective number of documents in positive and negative corpus containing term t is given by ((S 1  *  2 )+S 2 ) and ((S 5  *  2 )+S 4 ) respectively. Hence these metrics assign occurrences in stronger positive and negative corpus documents (documents in Sets S 1 , S 5  respectively) twice the importance of the occurrence in corresponding relatively weaker documents (documents in sets S 2  and S 4 ). 
         [0020]    In many of the cases, a document sentiment score can be calculated by finding the difference of that words TFIDF scores in the positive and negative training corpora. If the score is greater than zero, then we can expect the document to be a positive opinion and otherwise if the score is less than zero, the document is expected to represent a negative opinion. This method can be easily extended to find the sentiment score of the newly discovered slang word or word phrase. If t represents the newly discovered slang word or phrase (i.e. the word t represents both the slang short form and the actual word phrase or word for the corresponding slang representation), the sentiment score for t can be calculated as: 
         [0000]      Scoret=2(Σ d  in  S 5 Vt,d−Σd  in  S 1 Vt,d )+(Σ d  in  S 4 Vt,d−Σd  in  S 2 Vt,d )  (3)
 
         [0021]    At step  140 , the sentiment information is displayed on an output device. The sentiment information is a report based on the overall polarity score of the at least one document. The output device can be but not limited to a computer monitor, a hand held device. 
         [0022]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating a system  200  for slang sentiment classification, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. System  200  includes a database  210 , a data gathering module  220 , a data preparation module  230 , a sentiment classification module  240  and an output module  250 . 
         [0023]    The data gathering module  220  is configured at least one input from at least one database  210 . The at least one input can be but not limited to a blog, a website or a text document. The at least one database  210  is a review database. The at least one documents are the articles obtained for analysis. They can also be received from web-crawlers or third party databases, or customer data files. 
         [0024]    The data preparation module  230  configured to receive an input from the data gathering module  220 , the data preparation module  230  transforms the input received from the data gathering module  220 . The data preparation module  230  prepares the data by transforming, filtering and cleaning data to make it ready for further processing in next modules. The data is normalized into a common format. i.e. as the data sources can be any of xml, html, relation database and files, etc. There is a need to bring them into a common format. This is required to make the data source transparent to next steps in processing. 
         [0025]    The system of the present embodiment further comprises a sentiment classification module  240 . The sentiment classification module configured to receive input from the data preparation module. The sentiment classification module can also be further configured to identify a plurality of sentiment oriented slang in at least one document and calculate a polarity score of each slang word. In the present embodiment of the disclosure, the sentiment classification module can be configured to classify the plurality of sentiment oriented slang to a subjective context and an objective context. The sentiment classification module  240  can compute the polarity score for each slang word identified in the subjective context. The plurality of sentiment oriented slang is identified by referring to a slang dictionary. The number of occurrences of each slang word is identified and stored as a value. This value can be referred while computing the polarity score of the slang words. The sentiment classification module  240  can also compute the overall polarity score, wherein the overall polarity score is the weighted summation of all the polarity scores. The polarity score can be one or more of, but not limited to a strong negative score S 1 , a weak negative score S 2 , a neutral score S 3 , a weak positive score S 4  and a strong positive score S 5 . The polarity score can be configured to add additional polarity scores, or delete the extra polarity scores. 
         [0026]    In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the sentiment classification module  240  can be configured to recomputed the polarity score for modifications in the at least one input. The modifications can be a new subject matter which can be added, deleted or edited. 
         [0027]    In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the sentiment classification module  240  can further comprise three modules. AWordNet Similarity Sentiment module configured to perform semantic similarity analysis on the articles using dictionaries/ontologies like WordNet. A WordPhrase Sentiment module which can be configured as the place holder for traditional sentiment analysis engines. The WordPhrase Sentiment module can predict the sentiment of a word phrase. A Slang Sentiment module which can be configured to only compute the slang scores. 
         [0028]    In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the data preparation module  230  can comprise six modules. A Document Parser module configured to parse various document types such as Data streams, PDF, XLS, XML, HTML, CSV, txt files. A Data Filter module configured to filter data based on requirements. A Sub-Obj Classifier module configured to tag each of the sentence with Subjective or Objective labels. This may be necessary because many of the times, you find WordPhrase sentiment scorer and Slang sentiment scorers using only subjective sentences and ignoring objective sentences. A Word Feature Vector module configured: to contain a feature vectors which has all the words listed as features and frequencies as their respective feature values. A Semantic Feature Extractor module which can be configured to make use of semantic dictionaries like WordNet to find the semantic categories or synsets to which the words belong. The semantic feature extractor module can also be configured to categorize or synsets as features and their frequencies as the feature values. A POS Feature Extractor module which can be configured to feature extractor labels each words of sentences at a time with their POS labels such as Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, etc. these POS labels would be used as feature names and their frequencies are used as feature values. 
         [0029]    An output module  250  can be configured to communicate with the sentiment classification module and display the output on an output device. The output is a sentiment information based on the overall polarity score of the at least one input. The output device can be but not restricted to a computer monitor and a hand-held device. 
         [0030]    For better illustration of the above described method  100  and system  200 , consider at least one input in the form of a word document which contain  10  reviews. The at least one document is received according to step  110  by a data gathering module  220 . A plurality of sentiment oriented slang is identified only from the subjective context of the word document as per the step  120  of the method  100 . The data preparation module  230  transforms the received input to a common format suited for further processing. According to step  130 , after identifying the slang words in the word document, the polarity score of each of the slang word is calculated using a value wherein the value is the number of occurrences of each slang word along with the equations mentioned by the sentiment classification module  240 . According to the step  140 , sentiment information which is based on the overall weighted summation of all the polarity score is displayed on the output device by an output module  250 . The sentiment information is a report which can be used as a review. 
         [0031]    One or more of the above-described techniques may be implemented in or involve one or more computer systems.  FIG. 3  illustrates a generalized example of a computing environment  300 . The computing environment  300  is not intended to suggest any limitation as to scope of use or functionality of described embodiments. 
         [0032]    With reference to  FIG. 3 , the computing environment  300  includes at least one processing unit  310  and memory  320 . In  FIG. 3 , this most basic configuration  330  is included within a dashed line. The processing unit  310  executes computer-executable instructions and may be a real or a virtual processor. In a multi-processing system, multiple processing units execute computer-executable instructions to increase processing power. The memory  320  may be volatile memory (e.g., registers, cache, RAM), non-volatile memory (e.g., ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, etc.), or some combination of the two. In some embodiments, the memory  320  stores software  380  implementing described techniques. 
         [0033]    A computing environment may have additional features. For example, the computing environment  300  includes storage  340 , one or more input devices  350 , one or more output devices  360 , and one or more communication connections  370 . An interconnection mechanism (not shown) such as a bus, controller, or network interconnects the components of the computing environment  300 . Typically, operating system software (not shown) provides an operating environment for other software executing in the computing environment  300 , and coordinates activities of the components of the computing environment  300 . 
         [0034]    The storage  340  may be removable or non-removable, and includes magnetic disks, magnetic tapes or cassettes, CD-ROMs, CD-RWs, DVDs, or any other medium which may be used to store information and which may be accessed within the computing environment  300 . In some embodiments, the storage  340  stores instructions for the software  380 . 
         [0035]    The input device(s)  350  may be a touch input device such as a keyboard, mouse, pen, trackball, touch screen, or game controller, a voice input device, a scanning device, a digital camera, or another device that provides input to the computing environment  300 . The output device(s)  360  may be a display, a television, a hand held device, a head mounted display or a Kiosk that provides output from the computing environment  300 . 
         [0036]    The communication connection(s)  370  enable communication over a communication medium to another computing entity. The communication medium conveys information such as computer-executable instructions, audio or video information, or other data in a modulated data signal. A modulated data signal is a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media include wired or wireless techniques implemented with an electrical, optical, RF, infrared, acoustic, or other carrier. 
         [0037]    Implementations may be described in the general context of computer-readable media. Computer-readable media are any available media that may be accessed within a computing environment. By way of example, and not limitation, within the computing environment  300 , computer-readable media include memory  320 , storage  340 , communication media, and combinations of any of the above. 
         [0038]    Having described and illustrated the principles of our invention with reference to described embodiments, it will be recognized that the described embodiments may be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. It should be understood that the programs, processes, or methods described herein are not related or limited to any particular type of computing environment, unless indicated otherwise. Various types of general purpose or specialized computing environments may be used with or perform operations in accordance with the teachings described herein. Elements of the described embodiments shown in software may be implemented in hardware and vice versa. 
         [0039]    In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of our invention may be applied, we claim as our invention all such embodiments as may come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereto.