Abstract:
An arrangement is provided for securing a lining material of a wall inner surface of a load-bearing construction, such as a container, apparatus, duct, housing, or column, which is acted upon by a gaseous or liquid medium. Multiple securing points are provided, and are arranged in a distributed manner and connected to the wall inner surface in order to secure the lining material. In order to reliably secure a lining material to a wall inner surface subject to great tractive forces, the fastening elements have at least one holding element which connects the wall inner surfaces to the lining material, and which can be fixed by a pressure element in a force- and/or form-fit manner.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to an arrangement for securing a lining material on the wall inner surface of a load-bearing construction, such as a container, apparatus, duct, housing, or column, which is acted upon by a gaseous or liquid medium, whereby multiple securing points are provided and are arranged in a distributed manner and connected to the wall inner surface in order to secure the lining material. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Generic securing arrangements are necessary, for example, for lining load-bearing constructions, such as containers, apparatuses, ducts, housings, or columns, made of either metal, necessary with only a specific type of lining, or plastic, or GFRP. The materials used for this purpose are usually not acid-resistant or impure so that an additional acid-resistant or alkali-resistant lining is necessary in the container. Furthermore, a lining is required in places where work is done with corrosive gasses or liquid substances and the housing inner walls are exposed to these gases or liquids. In addition, lining materials are necessary for high-purity containers (semiconductors) and high-resistance containers (chemistry) as well as columns and other apparatuses (chemistry). To attain corrosion protection for load-bearing constructions, in particular the walls, the inner surfaces facing the current areas are therefore lined with plastic corrosion protection film (lining material). This is where MFA, PFA or FEP plastics in particular are used in film format, because such plastic offers sufficient corrosion protection. Furthermore, plastic materials that can be processed as a film and have sufficient chemical resistance can be considered. 
     To ensure comprehensive corrosion protection of a load-bearing construction, these are fully lined with a lining material, preferably plastic webbing, whereby the lining materials are held with numerous securing or fixing points along the wall inner surface of the load-bearing construction. The requisite securing or fixing points are hereby arranged on the inner wall of the load-bearing construction and are used for hanging, whereby only a few securing points are typically used per 2 square meter. The securing or fixing points are made of studs or similar metal parts according to known prior art and which are connected to the housing inner wall and have additional aides for use in securing the lining materials. For example, the metal securing or fixing points can be screwed into, glued to, or welded to the inner wall of a metal. 
     The lining materials intended for securing must be permanently connected to the wall inner surface of the load-bearing construction, in particular because based on pressure variation of liquid or gaseous media that can potentially enter the load-bearing construction and the resulting mechanical loads require sufficient holding force. 
     Despite existing container linings, problems can occur with especially critical chemicals because the necessary corrosion protection of the load-bearing construction, which can be made of metal, is no longer provided by the lining material. The utilized fluoroplastic materials are, at least in a limited scope, permeable to certain materials. For example, a particularly strong permeation can occur with halogen hydrogens, for example hydrogen chloride, which can form a particularly aggressive hydrochloric acid with the permeating steam, whereby these materials in their gas phase can permeate the lining material and condense behind it, so that, for example, hydrochloric acid results from the hydrogen chloride and water. Hydrogen and helium can also easily permeate this lining material but do not result in corrosion since they are non-condensing and non-corrosive. This process is particularly supported by the resulting temperatures so that a primary goal is to find good isolation. The temperature is hereby determined by the permeate composition and type and must always be high enough so that the permeate can by no means condense between the lining material and the load-bearing construction. The dew point temperature of the chemicals in question may only fall below this temperature within the isolation. Furthermore, attention should be paid that a thermal bridge is not created in order to avoid condensation formation. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is therefore focused on illustrating a securing method with a clearly increased lifespan for utilized securing elements and in particular offers protection from corrosion. 
     According to an embodiment of the invention, solving the method requires that the securing elements have at least one holding element that combines the wall inner surface with the lining material and that can be fixed in a force-fit and/or form-fit way with a pressing element. Additional advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims. 
     To fulfill the increased requirements of mechanical loads in the area of the securing points, the invention includes multiple-part securing elements. The pressing element is used to fix the holding elements in a force-fit and/or form-fitted way so that the lining material can preferably be welded to the holding elements while, on the other hand, providing a force-fit connection to the wall inner surface with the pressing element. The special design of the holding elements and the pressing elements ensures that the welded lining materials remain secure even during mechanical load. 
     This invention includes different options for the design of the securing arrangement, which will be further elucidated in the following, whereby the type of utilized securing elements depends on whether a securing of the lining material is necessary in the horizontal floor area, the vertical wall area, or the horizontal ceiling area. Insofar as an even load distribution occurs, fixing the lining material with the securing elements is typically sufficient, while critical areas require additional measures so that the lining material is also secure in the event that tension occurs. Mechanical tension can be created, for example, when the gaseous or liquid media, which fill the load-bearing construction, are subject to great pressure variation, thereby placing the lining material under stress as a result of a vacuum. For example, improper securing of the lining material due to the flow characteristics of the utilized plastic materials can lead to material stretching and reduced density and subsequent inability to guarantee secure fixing over the long-term. With the securing arrangement according to the invention, it is possible to ensure that the lining material remains secure even at a high mechanical load with the securing elements and in particular in the area of the securing points. 
     The securing elements are preferably connected to the wall inner surface with securing bolts, securing cams, or securing bars, whereby the securing points are generally welded to the load-bearing construction. The securing points further serve to fix the holding elements with at least one pressing element and thus make welding the lining material possible. A plastic washer is the preferred holding element, while, on the other hand, a metal washer is used as the pressing element, which, when lying together, are intended to be secured to the wall inner surface. The plastic washer is typically a plastic that is of a similar type as the lining material and serves to achieve a weld connection between the lining material and the plastic washer with electromagnetic radiation, while the metal washer serves to connect the plastic washer with the wall inner surface of the load-bearing construction in a force-fit and form-fit manner. To this end, the plastic washer, for example, lies against an even surface of the wall inner surface, while one or multiple concentrically-arranged raised contact surfaces are formed that enable a weld point with the lining material. The contact surfaces are oriented parallel to the wall inner surface so that the lining material can be arranged on the wall inner surface at a corresponding distance. The contact surfaces consist of preferably at least one external circular ring segment and, if necessary, an internal circular ring segment, or multiple ring-shaped ridges that are preferably round but can also be edged. Furthermore, the ridges protrude into the metal washer, and are thus also available for welding with the lining material. A particular advantage should be highlighted, which is that a form-fit force transfer acting as a anti-rotation guard for the securing elements is achieved with the ridges, which protrude into the corresponding openings in the metal washer. 
     Insofar as the ridges are not intended to be welded to the lining material, they can be designed as recessed from the external circular ring segment or, if necessary, completely covered by the metal washer so that only a weld connection between the external circular ring segment of the plastic washer and the lining material is possible. 
     In a special embodiment of the invention for permeating media the plastic washer has at least one or multiple groove-like radial indentations in addition to the existing openings. The indentations serve to enable a rinsing of the gap, in particular in the area of the securing points, in the event that aggressive media breach the lining material, thereby reaching the gap between the lining material and the wall inner surface. The ring-shaped indentations initially enable a rinsing of the area behind the securing point, namely the plastic washer. Furthermore, additional embodiments of the invention provide for metal washers with additional openings corresponding to the radial indentations so that rinsing is also possible in front of the plastic washer. 
     The metal washer has at least one internal ring-shaped groove or multiple openings corresponding to the plastic washer ridges in order to enable the metal washer to be force-fitted and form-fitted on the plastic washer. The internal ring-shaped groove hereby corresponds to a ring-shaped ridge of the plastic washer so that lateral tension on the lining materials can also be absorbed. Insofar as the plastic washer has ridges that are ring-shaped, for example, the metal washer can have openings corresponding to the ridges of the plastic washer so that there is an additional anti-rotation guard for the securing point. 
     The different embodiments of metal and plastic washers can be secured to the wall inner surface using a stud or welded threaded bolt, for example with a nut, whereby the targeted pressure provides a secure hold for the plastic washer and the metal washer acting as a pressing washer. After successful assembly of the securing points, the lining material is welded to the plastic washer in at least the area of the external circular ring segment. 
     An alternative solution of the invention arranges for a lining material that can be welded to a plastic ring made of MFA, PFA, or FEP, which, covered by a metal ring, can be screwed into the wall inner surface with a threaded bolt, whereby a cap-shaped cover is fashioned over the threaded bolt and the plastic ring as well as the metal ring, which is also welded to the lining material. The plastic ring used for this purpose serves to strengthen the lining material, after the lining material in the area of the securing points has been punctured, in order to prevent tearing of the lining material, for example. Following a successful weld of the lining material with the ring, the ring is screwed on to the wall inner surface by means of a metal ring, a threaded bolt and a nut, whereby the achievable pressure presses the ring and the lining material located beneath it against the wall inner surface. Because the threaded bolt protrudes inwards beyond the lining material in this type of solution, a cap-shaped cover is provided, which is attached directly above the threaded bolt, the ring, and opposite the pressing washer, which is made of metal, whereby the lining material is also welded so that the area of the securing point is protected from aggressive media. 
     In a further special embodiment, in particular the realm of increased mechanical load, for example on the vertical wall, the lining material is punctured in the area of the securing bolt so that the lining material can be positioned on the securing bolt. In addition, the lining materials in the punctured area are strengthened by a plastic ring which is welded to the lining material. A ridge is located opposite the lining material in the punctured area and therefore also in the area of the securing point, which further enables a form and/or force-fit connection with the wall inner surface. For this purpose, the metal ring has a groove that is adjusted to the size of the plastic ring and acts as a pressing element above the lining material and the plastic ring, whereby the metal ring also surrounds the plastic ring, thereby preventing tearing of the lining material in the area of the puncture and the securing point. 
     In a further embodiment of the invention, it is intended that an intermediate layer that can absorb electromagnetic radiation is located between the lining material and the cover or the plastic ring and also, in a variation of the embodiment, with a direct weld between the plastic ring and the lining material. The intermediate layer absorbs electromagnetic radiation at specific wavelengths and is designed to be adjustable to the welding device being used. Preferred radiation sources to use are: solid-state lasers, gas lasers, semiconductor lasers, or an infrared source, for example a Xenon short arc lamp, or CO2 lasers. 
     In a further special embodiment of the invention, provision is made that the securing element consists of at least two circular ring segments acting as pressing elements, which can be attached to a securing cam with connection arrangement, for example, pins, studs, or bolts, and secure a two-part plastic washer acting as a holding arrangement. This type of securing arrangement is preferably arranged where the load-bearing construction has securing cams on the wall inner surface. The securing cams can also have an additional coating, like the wall inner surface, whereby damage to the wall inner surface can predominantly be avoided with an embodiment in which it has a securing cam and the use of two circular ring segments acting as pressing elements as well as two additional circular ring segments acting as holding arrangement and that are made of plastic. A particularly advantageous aspect of this embodiment is that the entire surface of the wall inner surface is already coated, which therefore no longer needs to be destroyed with studs, for example. The securing cam hereby enables access behind the securing cam by placing the pressing elements and holding elements behind it thereby achieving a secure and lasting durability of the securing elements. Both circular ring segments for the holding arrangement are hereby the first to surround the securing cam and subsequently the two-part pressing element in a manner that means the cutting lines of both circular ring segments are angled at least 90° away from the holding elements. To ensure the position, the pressing elements have grid-like indentations in which protruding plastic knobs reach into the holding arrangement. A securing of the pressing elements occurs with pins, studs, or bolts, so that both circular ring segments are force-fitted and form-fitted in their connection to the securing cams, whereby an elastic film material can be arranged between the securing cams and pressing elements in order to prevent damage through friction. As an additional measure, there is another option of positioning a clamping washer made of plastic below the holding element in order to increase the force-fit and form-fit and, furthermore, balance any possible height difference between the securing cams and the recoiling wall inner surface, whereby the inserted clamping washer can also be welded to the holding element, if necessary. This type of securing arrangement is particularly advantageous if, for example, the load-bearing construction has an inner coating consisting of a two-component material, enamel, phenolic resin, stove enamel, rubber coating, or flame spray coating. The securing elements used for this do not damage the pre-existing coating and still provide a secure force-fit and form-fit with the wall inner surface. Upon fixing the securing element, the lining material can be welded to the holding arrangement in the typical manner, whereby the welding preferably occurs with electromagnetic radiation. The requisite force between the circular ring segments of the pressing element and the circular ring segments of the holding arrangement is created by the corresponding protrusions or indentations and simultaneously secure the anti-rotation guard of both utilized pressing elements and both holding arrangement against each other. The holding elements used for this are in the shape of plastic washers and also have a contact surface for welding with the lining material, thereby enabling a reasonable method for attaching the lining material. 
     In another alternative embodiment of the invention, it is arranged so that the securing elements consist of at least two circular ring segments acting as holding elements and at least two tension rings acting as pressing elements, which can be secured to a securing cam in a radial direction with a form-fit. Securing occurs as described in the previous example, by applying both holding elements and subsequent application of both pressing elements, whereby these can also be braced with an encompassing external ring. With the positioned external ring, a distancing of the two-part pressing elements and the two-part holding elements is prevented. Simultaneously, a form-fit is created between the holding elements and the pressing elements, through which avoidance of the plastic washer tipping out of the securing level is achieved. The single-part encompassing external ring acts as a safety and can also be positioned with the pressing elements, thereby also creating a force-fit and form-fit. In addition, this embodiment variation can include an external ring made of metal or plastic that can be welded to the wall inner surface, for example, if the load-bearing construction is made of metal or plastic. 
     In a further special embodiment of the invention, the securing elements have an additional seal element, which is preferably positioned on the securing bolt and pressed with a clamping ring. In addition, the clamping ring is welded with the lining material so that a subsequent loosening can be prevented. This type of construction is provided so that the seal element rests directly on the wall inner surface, namely around the securing bolt, so that a secure fixing to the lining material is provided with the clamping ring and the pressure created by the additional securing elements. This embodiment further offers the possibility that a first lining material lies directly on the clamping ring and a distanced second lining material, which is welded with a plastic holding element, whereby the holding element can be secured to the securing bolt by means of a metal washer. In the aforementioned solution, the metal ring preferably has its own interior thread so that the metal ring can be screwed onto the securing bolt, thereby bracing and creating the necessary pressure for the seal element. 
     All of the previously stated embodiment variations can hereby be arranged to have an intermediate layer for absorbing electromagnetic radiation located between the lining material and a possible cover, whereby a subsequent weld of various plastics elements is possible with electromagnetic radiation. 
     In a further special embodiment of the invention, the securing cam is not round but rod-shaped at its open end and is connected to the wall inner surface in one piece. Furthermore, a holding element can be positioned on the rod-shaped securing cam, together with a pressing element with a corresponding slit, whereby a 90° rotation of the pressing element can create a force-fit and form-fit with the securing cams. To avoid a later loosening of the pressing element and holding element, an additional form-fit is provided by holding element cams and corresponding recesses in the pressing element. The protruding holding element cams reach into the existing recesses following a rotation of the pressing element by approx. 90°, thereby enabling an anti-rotation guard, whereby, in this solution, quick assembly of the individual securing elements is possible without much effort. After fixing the securing elements, the lining material can subsequently be welded directly to the plastic washer, i.e. to the holding element. The special advantage of this solution, as with the previously stated solutions, is that securing cams of any design can be coated, in particular with a plastic, ceramic, or enamel coating, so that the wall inner surface of the load-bearing construction has a first protective coating against aggressive media and, furthermore, can have an additional protective coating provided with the lining material. The special advantage of this solution is furthermore that the load-bearing construction and, if necessary, the existing coating as well as the lining material, create a gap that prevents an increased accumulation of damaging materials with suitable ventilation. This means that, insofar as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen permeate the lining material and reach the gap and creates hydrochloric acid at corresponding temperatures, it can be suctioned out in order to prevent damage to the load-bearing construction and the securing bolts. Furthermore, hydrochloric acid or other damaging gasses or liquids can be decreased with back ventilation and suction, leading to a considerable reduction in corrosion. 
     In a further special embodiment, the securing arrangement is a securing cam positioned on a punctured lining material. Subsequently, a slit or split plastic washer of corresponding stability and thickness is positioned on the tapered part of the securing cams so that a force-fit and form-fit is created and the lining material is pressed against the wall inner surfaces. Afterwards, an additional sealing of the securing arrangement can occur with a cap-shaped cover, whereby an arresting of the plastic washer is simultaneously achieved by the cover after welding the cover to the lining material and slippage of the plastic washer off the securing cams can be prevented. This securing arrangement can be used for both coated and uncoated securing cams. 
     The securing cams can be trapezoidal, t-shaped, mushroom-shaped, or triangular-shaped and in special cases, for example for one of the preceding securing elements, rod-shaped at the open end so that the intended securing elements, such as holding elements and pressing elements can be positioned with existing corresponding slits and braced against the wall inner surface at an approx. 90° rotation. 
     Highly fluorinated thermoplastic is primarily used as the lining material, plastic rings, cover, or cover flaps are preferably made of FEP, MFA, PFA, or modified PTFE, whereby the absorbing coating in the intermediate layer can consist of the same concentrated plastic materials since welding is to occur with electromagnetic radiation. 
     The invention is further described based on the Figures. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Shown are 
       FIGS.  1 . 1 - 1 . 4 : a top view and cropped side view of a plastic washer and metal washer according to the invention for use at a securing point as well as in two enlarged cropped representations of the welded area of the lining material, 
       FIGS.  2 . 1 - 2 . 4 : a top view and cropped side view of another embodiment of a plastic washer as well as in two enlarged cropped representations of the cut according to the cutting line A-A and in a top view of an accompanying metal washer, 
         FIG. 3 : a cropped side view, an additional embodiment variation for securing a lining material with a plastic washer and a metal washer according to  FIG. 3 , 
         FIG. 4 : a cropped side view, an additional embodiment variation according to  FIG. 3  with an additional centering of the plastic washer, 
         FIG. 5 : a cropped side view, an additional embodiment for the securing element, consisting of a plastic washer and a metal washer and a cover fashioned over the top thereof, 
         FIG. 6 : a cropped side view of a securing cam with a two-part holding and pressing element fashioned to the top thereof, 
         FIG. 7 : a cropped side view of three possible designs of the securing cam according to  FIG. 6 , 
         FIG. 8 : a cropped side view, an additional embodiment variation with a cross-section T-shaped securing cam and split holding and pressing elements, further fixed with an outer ring, 
         FIG. 9 : a cropped side view, a special design with an additional sealing measure across from the securing pins and the inner wall surface, 
       FIGS.  10 . 1 - 10 . 2 : a cropped side view and a top view, an additional solution variation in which the single-part holding and pressing elements are set atop a single-part, shaped cam, which are rod-shaped on its protruding end, and 
       FIGS.  11 . 1 - 11 . 3 : a cropped side view, an additional embodiment variation, in which the lining material can be attached to a slit plastic ring on a securing cam, which is also protected by a cover. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIGS. 1.1  through  1 . 4  show a top view and a cropped side view of both single parts provided as securing points, namely a plastic washer  1  and a metal washer  2 . The plastic washer  1  has a level back panel  3 , which comes to rest directly on the wall inner surface of a container, apparatus, duct, or housing, not shown. A central drilled hole  4  affords the possibility of screwing the plastic washer into the wall inner surface, whereby a stud is typically used, and which was previously welded to the wall inner surface, for example in the case of metal. Subsequently, the plastic washer  1  is positioned on this stud followed by a metal ring  2 , which creates an even pressure for pressing the plastic washer  1  against the wall inner surface, after successful screw connection. 
     The plastic washer  1  has a contact surface  5  that is created by an external circular ring segment. The contact surface  5  is designed to be welded with the lining material. Furthermore, in the embodiment of the invention shown, the plastic washer  1  has multiple ring-shaped ridges  6 . The ridges  6  can also be designed to be welded with the lining material, however, they can also be designed as recessed opposite the contact surface  5  so that the contact surface  5  can easily be used as an anti-rotation guard between metal washer  2  and plastic washer  1 . 
     The metal washer  2  being utilized has openings  7  corresponding to the ridges  6  through which the ridges  6  of the plastic washer  1  protrude. In addition, the metal washer  2  has a drilled hole  8 , so that the metal washer  2  can be positioned on the threaded bolt together with the plastic washer  1 . To secure the assembly, a further protrusion  9  is provided that rests in an inside thread  10  in the plastic washer  1 , thereby enabling a centering of metal washer  2  and plastic washer  1 . After joining the plastic washer  1  and the metal washer  2 , the metal washer  2  rests in an indentation  11  in the plastic washer  1  so that the plastic washer  1  is almost completely recessed with the circular contact surface  5  and can thereby easily create a direct contact between the lining material and the contact surface  5  and, if necessary, with the ridges  6 . 
     The enlarged and cropped partial views also show the contact surface  5 , whereby in the upper partial view, an intermediate layer  13  is positioned between the lining material  12  and the plastic washer  1  that can absorb electromagnetic radiation so that the plastic washer  1  and the lining material  12  can be welded together with heat using electromagnetic radiation. The second partial view shows an embodiment variation in which the plastic washer  1  is also made of an absorbing material so that the lining material  12  can be welded to the plastic washer  1  directly with electromagnetic radiation. 
       FIGS. 2.1  through  2 . 4  show a further embodiment in which a plastic washer  20 , in a top view and a cropped side view, as well as the metal washer  21  are designed to be used with the plastic washer  20 , in a cropped partial view according to the cutting line A-A and in a further top view. 
     As in the embodiment according to  FIG. 1 , the plastic washer  20  also has a central opening  22  with a radial extension  23  and a trough-shaped indentation  11  which is provided for receiving the metal washer  21 . Welding with the lining material occurs with a contact surface  24  similar to the shown options according to  FIG. 1 . In contrast to the embodiment variation according to  FIG. 1 , the plastic washer has radial trough-shaped indentations  25  that diverge in a star-like pattern and enable rinsing behind the plastic washer in the event of a breach of gaseous or liquid media through the lining material. Furthermore, in addition to the contact surface  24 , the plastic washer  20  has ring-shaped ridges  26  that are designed to correspond to the openings  27  of the metal washer  21 . The metal washer  21  is thereby comparable to the metal washer from  FIG. 1 ; however this metal washer has additional openings  28 , which are doubled and widely distributed, particularly corresponding to the trough-like indentations  25 , so that, following assembly, the openings  28  rest directly above the indentations  25 . These measures ensure that, in the event of a breach of aggressive media, the plastic washer and the metal ring in the upper area can be rinsed. 
       FIG. 3  shows an alternative securing method in which a metal washer  30  and a plastic washer  31  are also used. In contrast to the embodiment variations according to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , this solution has the lining material  32  resting directly on the wall inner surface  33  and is crimped with a stud  34 , the plastic washer  31 , and the metal washer  30 . In this first design, the plastic washer  31  has a central opening  36 , which enables the plastic washer  31  to be positioned on the securing bolts  35 . Furthermore, the metal washer  30  also has an opening  37 , so that the metal washer  30  is subsequently positioned on the securing bolts  35  and can be braced with a washer  38  and a nut  39 . To protect the securing bolt  35 , which would otherwise be exposed to aggressive media, a cover  40  is provided, that is designed as half-circle-shaped in this embodiment and has a flange-shaped molded part  41  on its edge, the plane surface  42  of which comes to rest on the lining material  32 . Between the lining material  32  and the plane surface  42  is located an intermediate layer  43  for the absorption of electromagnetic radiation so that the cover  40  can be welded to the lining material  32  with electromagnetic radiation  44 . This measure enables complete protection of the securing bolt  35  against aggressive media and thereby against corrosion. In addition, the intended welding procedure provides a secure and lasting connection between the cover  40  and the lining material  32 , whereby in particular a tearing off of the cover  40  due to possible tension is not a concern since there are no external weld seams and, in particular, there are surface weld points between the lining material  32  and the plane surface  42 . 
       FIG. 4  shows a cropped side view of a further solution according to  FIG. 3 . Just as in the previously described solution, a lining material  32  is attached to a wall inner surface  33  with a securing bolt  35 , which protrudes through an opening  34  in the lining material  32  and makes a bracing of the lining material  32  by the wall surface  33  possible. A bracing occurs, as in the previously known embodiment, with a nut  39  and a washer  38 , whereby this solution, however, utilizes a plastic washer  50  of a smaller diameter, which also has a central opening  51  so that the plastic washer  50  can be positioned on the securing bolt  35 . Above the plastic washer  50  there is a metal washer  52  that can either be used in a welded state as a single-part or as a double-part. The unique aspect of the metal washer  52  is that it is designed to have an edge that is reinforced by an external circular ring segment  53 , whereby this circular ring segment  53  encompasses the plastic washer  50  so that a form-fit of the lining material  32  is also achievable in addition to a force-fit. In particular, the metal washer  52  prevents slippage or sliding of the lining material  32  and the plastic washer  50  out of the securing point area. The stud  35  is also covered by a cover  40 , whereby this cover  40  is connected to the lining material  32  surface by a plane surface  42  so that there is no notching effect that could lead to a possible tear in the lining material  32 , even towards the outside and as according to  FIG. 3 . In order to weld the cover  40  to the lining material  32 , an intermediate layer  43  is used that can absorb electromagnetic radiation, thereby leading to welding with a warming of the plastic materials. Furthermore, the plastic washer  50  is also welded to a lining material  32  with an intermediate layer  54  so that the opening  34  is further reinforced. 
     This embodiment variation for a securing point is preferably implemented in a vertical area where considerably more tension is placed on the lining material  32  so that slippage of the lining material  32  from the wall inner surface and in particular a sliding out below the securing points can be prevented. The illustrated securing solutions for a lining material  32  on a wall inner surface  33  disclose independent, different solutions, whereby a combination of the different variations is easily conceivable. In particular, a large pressing surface between the lining material  32  and the wall inner surface  33  is desired and, furthermore, at points where anti-rotation guard is necessary for rotation prevention or preventing slippage below the metal washer  52 , for example with an additional bracketed plastic washer  50 . 
       FIG. 5  shows a cropped side view of an additional embodiment of a securing arrangement for lining materials  60  that can be fixed on a load-bearing construction, i.e. on a wall inner surface  61 . To secure the lining materials  60 , a securing bolt  62  is provided on which a fixing washer  63  is initially positioned, followed by the lining material  60 . The lining material has a drilled hole  64  for this purpose. In the securing bolt  62  area, a further pressing washer  65  is added and braced with a nut  66  so that force- and form-fit are possible. To secure the nut, a lock washer  67  is provided that lies directly on top of the fixing washer  65 . The fixing washer  63  has a flushing duct  68  that ends at the gap  69  between the wall inner surface  61  and the lining material  60  via a ring-shaped groove  72 . After assembly of the lining material  60 , i.e. after tightening the nut  66 , multiple peripherally-distributed drilled holes  70  are subsequently introduced so that a connection to the groove  72  and the flushing duct  68  is created. Furthermore, upon conclusion of work, a cover  71  is welded to the lining material  60  so that the interior space of the lining  71  where the securing bolt  62  and the nut  66  are located is protected from aggressive media. The existing drilled holes  70 , the groove  72 , and the flushing duct  68  hereby enable a flushing of the interior space below the cover  71  so that the bolt is also protected from corrosion based on the existing flushing in the event of a permeation of aggressive media. In the alternative, a pressing washer  65  with an inner thread can be used in place of a nut  66  so that the pressing washer  65  can be screwed onto and braced directly against the securing bolt  62 . The requisite drilled holes  70  are supplementary in this assembly variation, i.e. they were added after successful assembly in order to create the connection to the groove  72  and the flushing duct  68 . 
       FIG. 6  shows a cropped side view of a wall inner surface  80  with a lining material  81  that is connected to the wall inner surface  80  with a suitable securing arrangement. In this case, at least one two-part plastic washer  82  acting as a holding element and one two-part pressing washer  83  are provided for securing purposes, whereby the latter is preferably made of metal. For securing a lining material  81 , a securing cam  84  is provided that is connected to the wall inner surface  80  as a single part, whereby the securing cam  84  and the wall inner surface  80  have a coating  93 . Initially, the two-part plastic washer  82  is placed around the securing cam  84  as a holding element, and subsequently the two-part pressing washer  83 , so that a form-fit is created with the securing cam  84 . Bracing of both pressing washers  83  occurs via securing pins  85 , whereby the pressing washers  83  press the plastic washers  82  against the wall inner surface  80 . In order to avoid a loosening of the pressing washer  83 , these have multiple distributed recesses  86 , which are gripped by protruding cams  87  belonging to the two-part plastic washer  82 . This also creates a form-fit between the plastic washer  82  and the pressing washer  83  and prevents a rotation of washers against each other, thereby preventing a loosening of the securing cam  84 . To create more bracing force at the wall inner surface  80 , a plastic washer  88  that is also two-part is positioned underneath and therefore rests directly beneath the plastic washer  82 . The thickness of the plastic washer  88  can be tailored depending on the distance between the securing cam  84  and the plastic washer  82  being used so that a form and force-fit exists. The plastic washers  88  are connected to the plastic washers  82  with a weld seam  89  so that a subsequent loosening is impossible. Following assembly of the securing elements and application of the lining material  81 , these can be welded to the contact surface  90  of the plastic washer  82  so that the entire construction is protected from aggressive media. This creates a gap  91  between the lining material  81  and the wall inner surface  80 , which can also be rinsed under special circumstances. The special advantage provided by this embodiment is that a pre-coated securing cam  84  can be used, thereby preventing mechanical damage. Insofar as there is contact between the metal pressing ring  83  and the securing cam  84 , a protective film  92  can also be provided. 
       FIG. 7  shows three different variations of the securing cam embodiments, from left to right, a trapezoidal cam  95 , a triangular cam  96  with a taper  97 , and a t-shaped cam  98 , which have a coating  94 . The embodiment examples of the securing cams  95 ,  96 ,  98  shown here are not limiting and act only as suggestions for further embodiments. Further variations of securing cams can be gleaned from the Figures below. 
       FIG. 8  shows a cropped side view of a further embodiment of the securing elements and these are used with a wall inner surface  100  that has a securing cam  101  in order to weld a lining material  102  with a two-part plastic ring  103 . The two-part plastic ring  103  is held together by a two-part pressing ring  104 , whereby a pressure is initially applied to the pressing ring  104  and then to the plastic ring  103  with a single-part external ring  105 . The securing cam  101  used to do so is illustrated in the t-shape in a cross-section so that the plastic rings  103  can reach behind the securing cams  101 , whereby a form-fit is additionally achieved between the plastic ring  103  and external pressing ring  104  through an indentation and a protrusion  107 . In this specific embodiment, the form-fit, which is located near the wall inner surface  100 , also prevents tipping of the plastic rings. Insofar as a plastic ring is used as the external ring  105 , it can potentially also be welded like the plastic ring  103  with the lining material  102  or the metal ring with the wall inner surface  100 . 
       FIG. 9  shows a cropped side view of an additional embodiment of a securing arrangement on a wall inner surface  110  with a securing bolt  111 , which is directly connected to the wall inner surface  110 . A plastic washer  112  and a pressing washer  113  are used, as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . To achieve an anti-rotation guard, the plastic washer  112  has protruding cams  114 , which enter into corresponding openings  115  in the pressing washer  113 . To expand the solution disclosed in  FIG. 2 , a seal ring  116  surrounds the securing bolt  111  and can be pressed against the wall inner surface  110  with a pressing washer  117 . A first lining material  118  lies on the pressing washer  117 , while the additional lining material  119  lies on the contact surface  120  and can be welded with it. The lining material  118  closest to the wall inner surface  110  and the lining material  119  above it create a gap  120 , which is filled by a spacer gas  121 . 
       FIGS. 10.1  and  10 . 2  show a cropped side view and a top view of an additional embodiment variation for a securing arrangement. This particular variation has a wall inner surface  130  and securing cam  131  that have already been coated, whereby the securing cam  131  is designed as protruding from the front end  132  in a rod shape. The securing cams  131  are single-part pieces connected to the wall inner surface  130  and further serve to receive a single-part plastic washer  133  and a single-part pressing washer  134 . Both the plastic washer  133  and the pressing washer  134  have a slit-like recess  135  or  136  and can therefore be placed on the securing cam  131 . After rotating the pressing washer  134 , it can be braced behind the securing cam  131 , whereby a form and force-fit can simultaneously be created between the plastic washer  133  and the pressing washer  134  through the recesses  137  and cams  138 . This assembly is particularly advantageous because the plastic washer  133  is initially placed on the securing cam  131  and can potentially already be rotated 90°. Furthermore, the pressing washer  134  is placed on the securing cam  131  and also rotated 90° so that it reaches behind the securing cam  131 . With the resulting form-fit created by the cams  138  in the recesses  137 , an anti-rotation guard is also created so that the pressing washer  134  opposite the plastic washer  133  can only be rotated by force, thereby creating a force-fit and form-fit with a pressing of the plastic washer  133  opposite the wall inner surface  130 . Via the contact surface  139 , a weld is then created with the lining material  140 , which rests directly on said contact surface, whereby welding can occur with electromagnetic radiation, as outlined in previous embodiment examples. A protective film  148  is located between the securing cam  131  and the pressing washer  134 . The top view clearly shows how the recesses  135 , 136  are designed and furthermore illustrates that they are two single-part washers, namely the plastic washer  133  and the pressing washer  134 . 
       FIGS. 11.1  through  11 . 3  show a cross-sectional side view of a wall inner surface  140  with a securing cam  141  that is designed to be t-shaped in the cross-section. In this case, the securing elements consist of one single-sided slit plastic washer  142  or a split plastic washer  146 , which can be positioned under the securing cam  141 , if so desired. Previously, the lining material  143  was positioned over the securing cam  141 , whereby the lining material  143  had an opening  147 . The lining material  143  lies on top of a spacer material  144 , which also has a opening  148  so that both the spacer material  144  and the lining material  143  can be positioned over the securing cam  141 . The plastic washer  142  or, in the alternative,  146  is clipped under the securing cam  141  after the lining material  143  is positioned so that the lining material  143  is pressed against the wall inner surface  140  together with the spacer material  144 . To secure the plastic washer  142  or, in the alternative,  146 , a cap-shaped cover  145  is used, which grips the plastic washer  143 ,  146  and is welded to the lining material  143  with electromagnetic radiation  149 . In this way, a fixing of the plastic washer  142 ,  146  is achieved with a cover  145 , which creates the necessary form and force-fit with the wall inner surface  140 . The above cropped side view shows the two plastic washers again in a side view and top view, from which it can be seen that the plastic washer  142  has a slit recess  150 , while the plastic washer  146  is split in two. 
     REFERENCE NUMBER LIST 
     
         
           1  plastic washer 
           2  metal washer 
           3  back panel 
           4  drilled hole 
           5  contact surface 
           6  ridge 
           7  opening 
           8  drilled hole 
           9  protrusion 
           10  inside thread 
           11  indentation 
           12  lining material 
           13  intermediate layer 
           20  plastic washer 
           21  metal washer 
           22  opening 
           23  expansion 
           24  contact surface 
           25  indentations 
           26  ridges 
           27  opening 
           28  opening 
           30  metal washer 
           31  plastic washer 
           32  lining material 
           33  inner wall surface 
           34  opening 
           35  securing bolt 
           36  opening 
           37  opening 
           38  washer 
           39  nut 
           40  cover 
           41  molded part 
           42  plane surface 
           43  temporary position 
           44  electromagnetic radiation 
           50  plastic washer 
           51  opening 
           52  metal washer 
           53  circular ring element 
           54  temporary position 
           60  lining material 
           61  inner wall surface 
           62  securing bolt 
           63  fixing washer 
           64  punch hole 
           65  pressing washer 
           66  nut 
           67  lock washer 
           68  flushing duct 
           69  gap 
           70  drilled hole 
           71  cover 
           72  groove 
           80  inner wall surface 
           81  lining material 
           82  plastic washer 
           83  pressing washer 
           84  securing cam 
           85  securing pin 
           86  recess 
           87  cam 
           88  plastic washer 
           89  weld seam 
           90  contact surface 
           91  gap 
           92  protective film 
           93  coating 
           94  coating 
           95  cam 
           96  cam 
           97  taper 
           98  securing cam 
           100  inner wall surface 
           101  securing cam 
           102  lining material 
           103  plastic ring 
           104  pressing ring 
           105  external ring 
           106  indentation 
           107  protrusion 
           109  inner wall surface 
           110  inner wall surface 
           111  securing bolt 
           112  plastic washer 
           113  pressing washer 
           114  cam 
           115  opening 
           116  seal ring 
           117  pressing washer 
           118  lining material 
           119  lining material 
           120  contact surface 
           121  spacer gas 
           130  inner wall surface 
           131  securing cam 
           132  end 
           133  plastic washer 
           134  pressing washer 
           135  recess 
           136  recess 
           137  recess 
           138  cam 
           139  contact surface 
           140  inner wall surface 
           141  securing cam 
           142  plastic washer 
           143  lining material 
           144  spacer material 
           145  cover 
           146  plastic washer 
           147  opening 
           148  protective film 
           150  recess