Abstract:
A traffic signal system for congested trafficways has a plurality of stationary alarm light/sensor-reader combinations and mobile alarm light/sensor-reader combinations monitoring each other and monitory tags placed on individuals, machines, and hazards to provide real time alarms to not only pedestrians but also machine operators, who are potentially approaching harm&#39;s way, or have the better ability to avert potential harm. Different forms of alarms are provided to indicate different kinds of alarm conditions and to reduce complacency to alarms, and thus improve effectiveness.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO PROVISIONAL APPLICATION(S) 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/979,732, filed Apr. 15, 2014, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/139,487, filed Mar. 27, 2015. The foregoing patent disclosures are incorporated herein by this reference thereto. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to signal systems for motor vehicle and/or pedestrian traffic and, more particularly, to such a traffic signal system for service in commercial and/or institutional warehouses, factory floors, and so on, in which there is both interior workspaces, exterior workspaces, and/or high (eg., above ground) workspaces. The concept of workspaces might be more narrowly conceived as ‘hazard areas’ in particular. 
     Nowadays, commercial warehouses (for example and without limitation) are commonly plagued with a problem known as ‘blind” intersections, and sometimes also ‘blind’ corners. The root of this problem lies in the arrangement of the warehouse shelving. That is, the warehouse shelving is typically arranged in large high-rise rectangular blocks. These blocks are typically spaced by narrow aisles through which pedestrian and/or fork lift trucks travel to and fro. There is an acute problem with intersections (and corners). The large high-rise rectangular blocks of shelving are sometimes so densely packed with boxes of product (or the like) that, there is no way for a pedestrian or fork lift driver to see if there is any cross-flow traffic from the left or the right of the intersection until such pedestrian or fork lift driver actually enters the intersection. Hence these are ‘blind’ intersections, and the potential for collision is ripe. A counterpart collision hazard is a ‘blind’ corner. 
     Another factor contributing to the confusion in these traffic lanes is the sheer noise in the warehouse. A cautious fork-lift driver might try to signal his or her approach to an intersection by horn or other audible siren. However, in large commercial warehouse with dozens upon dozens of fork lifts (and other motor vehicle traffic) whizzing about, the atmosphere is deafened by the sounds of dozens of such sirens beeping at once. Workers in the warehouse tend to develop a complacency to the sirens. Also, the sound tends to echo and/or reverberate around in the warehouse such that, the source of any such beeping siren is simply indiscernible. So there is no good way to determine how near or far is the source of the siren. Accordingly, the cautious fork-lift driver who thought he or she was being cautious by signaling his or her approach to blind intersection with a siren, might as not even have bothered, as a practical matter. 
     It is an object of the invention to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. 
     It is another object of the invention to provide a workspace with stationary alarm lights on hazards like corners of blind intersections or dangerous machines that are triggered to flash warning signals or the like whenever a tagged pedestrian or motor vehicle enters within a pre-defined perimeter. 
     A single light might be combined with a dedicated sensor and mounted fixed to protect, for example, a single intersection. The sensor can detect multiple objects within a perimeter, and, discern one or more attributes of each object (eg., pedestrian not authorized to operate a fork lift, versus fork lift driver, the fork lift vehicle itself, certain machines or hazardous material areas, overhead hoists and so on). If the sensor detects one or more pedestrians, or in contrast a single fork lift, the alarm light might flash “yellow.” If the sensor detects a single fork lift and one or more pedestrians—or else at least two fork lifts inside the perimeter—the alarm light might flash “red.” 
     Alternatively, a single light might be combined with a dedicated sensor and mounted on a mobile object to protect, for example, that mobile object or else provide warnings to others about the hazard that the mobile object represents if not given appropriate respect of attention. A sensor and alarm light combination mounted on a fork lift will give the driver indications of pedestrians, or other fork lifts, or else other matters like overhead hazards and/or whether the fork has lift exceed a programmed boundary or location within a protected area. 
     An alternative configuration of the traffic signal system in accordance with the invention comprises a localized network of LED safety lights with sensors that are designed to detect objects within a perimeter as a warning system for ‘protected floor spaces.’ Battery powered sensors utilizing DECT ultra low energy (ULE) technology are strategically placed on all sides in proximity of a blind intersection (or corner) in order to detect oncoming traffic. Once someone or something travels into one of the sensors&#39; area of detection, the sensor sends a signal to an LED light. The light is also strategically placed for traffic visibility from all sides. The housing of the light holds a battery and logic board. If a detection of one object is received, the logic board tells the light to turn yellow. If detection of another object is received from around the corner of the blind intersection, the logic board might tell the light to turn Red depending on who or what is the other object. Therefore, if one pedestrian or one fork lift enters the area of the blind intersection and is detected by the sensor, the pedestrian or fork-lift driver will see the yellow light indicating he or she is the only person/vehicle that is a moving object approaching the intersection. The yellow light also warns those who are further away and approaching from the other direction that there is already someone or something approaching the intersection prior to them reaching the range of the sensor&#39;s detection area on their side. If a second object enters the range of the second sensor and who is a pedestrian, the light will turn red if the first object was a fork lift. If both objects are pedestrians, the light will remain yellow. That way, both parties will be warned if something or someone they cannot see that is also approaching the intersection within the range of the sensors. 
     In some instances, two lights may be necessary when something like a door does not allow both parties to see the same light. In that case, the signals from one sensor could be sent to both lights. Using the same logic, signal from one fork lift turns the lights yellow and signals from two fork lifts turn the light red. 
     Further embodiments of the traffic signal system in accordance with the invention include the following. 
     A wireless mobile traffic warning light system in accordance with the invention to create a mobile traffic signal system for motor vehicle and/or pedestrian traffic, that provides detection and notification of a condition wherein a moving single detectable device (a “Transponder”) of a plurality of Transponders and reader devices (a “Sensor”) throughout the facility and connected together to protect the pedestrian or motor vehicle operator by signaling the detection of a traffic or safety hazard (eg., pedestrian, motor vehicle, operating or stationary hazard) and providing a signal warning of the hazard. 
     The warning light system includes the following components:
         1) Stationary warning light system located in protected spaces where pedestrians and motor vehicle traffic share traffic aisles, hallways or workspaces. A single wireless mobile Sensor device of a plurality of Sensor devices strategically located throughout the protected area will activate stationary wireless traffic signal warning light(s) stationed to notify the detection of one or more pedestrians or motor vehicle operators in the Sensor area within shared traffic spaces or high hazard areas such as: traffic intersections, blind corners, doorways entering onto traffic ways, exiting rack aisles, moving overhead hazards (eg., crane rails), open dock edges, high hazard production or storage areas.   2) A transponder is a mobile detectable device worn by the pedestrian and operators of motor equipment (by way of an example the Transponder device could be located in a badge worn by all persons allowed in the protected area) that emits a signal that when within the system programmed range of Sensors connected to stationary warning lights, the Sensor(s) will activate the connected stationary warning light(s) to give notice to the pedestrians and motor vehicle operators that multiple personnel are detected within the shared traffic space sensor area so that they can avoid collision or other incident.
           To assist in the programmed logic and activation of the warning light system, a Transponder may be assigned and specifically identified to the motor vehicle so that the warning light system may be programmed to only activate the warning light system in programmed situation such as when one or more of the Transponders picked up by the Sensors is operating in combination with a Transponder programmed to a motor vehicle. This will allow activation or escalation to highest alert (eg., red warning light) only when there is a motor vehicle operating within the warning light sensor area.   
           3) A mobile warning light system located on motor vehicles operating within the protected area (interior or exterior) that includes mobile Sensors connected to the warning light system installed on the motor vehicle (eg., Installed on the underside of the roll rack of a fork truck). When the mobile Sensor on the motor vehicle detects another Transponder (in addition to the Transponder contained in the badge assigned to the motor vehicle operator) within the programmed range of the mobile Sensor, it will activate the warning light system installed on the motor vehicle. The warning light system on the motor vehicle is programmed to activate the motor vehicle&#39;s warning lights in the direction of the Transponder picked up by the mobile Sensor to give additional warning information to the motor vehicle operator.   4) A moving Hazard Mobile warning light system located on moving hazards without an onboard operator (eg., overhead crane rails with remotely operated by personnel through remote control devices or stationary switch devices) would include mobile Sensors connected to the warning light system that when the Sensor detects any Transponder approaching the programmed boundaries of the operating moving hazard, the Sensor would activate the warning light system attached to the moving hazard and/or the stationary warning lights located in proximity to the moving hazard.   5) Integration into operation controls is achieved with the connection of the wireless mobile Sensor devices into the operational controls (with on-board or remote operator) to stop (or temporarily pause) the motor vehicle or moving hazard to avoid impact with Transponder(s) detected by the Sensor(s) within programmed range (eg., pedestrians or other motor vehicles), or when exceeding the programmed boundaries of other high hazard areas (eg., rail road dock edges, high risk production areas, chemical storage, restricted access areas).   6) Warning of Operational or Stationary Hazards is achieved with the integration of the wireless warning system to alert motor vehicle operators and pedestrians of their proximity to system programmed high hazard areas within the facility (eg., dock and railway edges, crushers, presses, overhead crane rails, chemical use or toxic storage areas). System Sensors for both the stationary warning lights installed in the high hazard areas, and the mobile Sensor controlled light bars installed in the motor vehicles are programmed to signal YELLOW warning when a Transponder or wireless mobile detection device (eg., a badge assigned to the pedestrian or motor vehicle operator in this example) is detected within the programmed range of the high hazard area. The wireless mobile warning light system can also be programmed to signal RED when a Transponder or wireless mobile detection device exceeds a programmed boundary or location within the protected area. Additionally, the warning system can be programmed to signal OFF when the Sensor detects a Transponder assigned to personnel (pedestrians or operators of motor vehicles) trained and assigned to work within the high hazard area (or in any programmable combination thereof).       

     Give the foregoing, a localized network of wireless mobile detection devices (“Transponders”), incorporated into apparatus worn by individuals (eg., an assigned badge in this example) in a protected area, are designed to activate a connected system of mobile traffic Sensors, that controls stationary and mobile warning lights for protected spaces or working areas such as encompassing blind intersections, corners of traffic way aisles, material handling equipment door openings, pedestrian crossings or entrance and exit ways, motor vehicle operation areas, heavy equipment operation or traffic areas, high hazard areas or others for both interior and exterior spaces as characterized and without limitation by what is found in commercial warehouses or industrial areas. 
     Battery powered LED stationary warning lights are strategically placed in the protected spaces in proximity of a traffic or safety hazards (eg., blind corner or intersection, pedestrian walkways, etc.) and connected to the interconnected warning light system that detects the Transponders and controls the actions of the stationary warning light(s). As an individual or motor vehicle operator equipped with a Transponder approaches one of the Sensor range areas, the Sensor detects the Transponder, activates and turns the warning light YELLOW. If a second Transponder comes within the warning light Sensor range while the light is still activated by the first Transponder, the Sensor turns the stationary warning light to RED. Once the number of Transponders within the Sensor area drops to one, the Sensor turns the stationary warning light to YELLOW, and once no Transponders are detected within the Sensor area, the Sensor turns the stationary light to OFF. 
     Mobile warning lights with mobile warning system Sensors are installed on motor vehicle equipment for mobile detection and warning to motor vehicle operators (eg., material handling equipment or other motorized vehicle) of traffic or safety hazards (eg., pedestrians, other motorized vehicles, operating hazards, etc.) using battery powered LED light bars installed on the motor vehicle (eg., material handling equipment) within easy eyesight of the motor vehicle operator. When one or more Transponders, (separate from the mobile detection device assigned to the operator of the motor vehicle) are detected by the motor vehicle attached Sensor, the Sensor turns the motor vehicle&#39;s Sensor attached light bars from the direction of the mobile detection device(s) to RED (light bars segmented to allow Sensor controlled activation of light bar segments from direction of detected Transponder). As Transponder(s) move out of range of detection, the system Sensor turns the light bars in the direction of the vacated Transponder to OFF, and when all Transponders move out of range of detection, the system Sensor turns all light bars on the motor vehicle to OFF. 
     Hazard detection and warning to motor vehicle operators and pedestrians of their proximity to high hazard areas existing within a protected space (eg., dock and railway edges, crushers, presses, overhead crane rail paths, chemical use or storage areas) can be programmed into the connected system of mobile traffic Sensors. System Sensors for both the stationary warning lights strategically installed in the high hazard area, and the system Sensor controlled light bar warning lights installed in motor vehicles can be programmed to signal YELLOW warning when a Transponder (including the mobile detection device worn by the motor vehicle operator) is detected within the programmed range of the high hazard area. The mobile warning system can also be programmed to signal RED when a Transponder exceeds a programmed boundary or location within the protected area. Additionally, the mobile warning system Sensor(s) can be programmed to signal OFF when the Sensor detects a Transponder assigned to personnel (pedestrians or operators of motor vehicles) trained and assigned to work within the high hazard area (or in any programmable combination thereof). 
     The warning light logic in this example is that a stationary YELLOW warning light will indicate warning to pedestrians and motor vehicle operators, both in and approaching protected spaces and areas, that there is single Transponder within the range of the Sensor protected space and area. Stationary RED warning lights will indicate warning to pedestrians and motor vehicle operators, both in and approaching protected spaces and areas, that there are two or more Transponders within range of the Sensor protected space. Motor vehicle mobile light bar RED warning lights will indicate warning to pedestrians and motor vehicle operators, both in and approaching the warning range of the motor vehicle equipment system Sensors, that there are one or more Transponders (separate from the Transponder worn by the motor vehicle operator) within range of the system Sensor attached to the motor vehicle. 
     In system programmed high hazard areas, stationary YELLOW warning lights and/or motor vehicle mobile light bar warning lights will indicate to pedestrians and motor vehicle operators that they are in close proximity to high hazard areas, and stationary RED warning lights and/or motor vehicle mobile light bar warning lights will indicate to pedestrians or motor vehicle operators that they have exceeded programmed boundaries or safe operation zones. 
     Further still embodiments of the traffic signal system include a camera assisted wireless mobile warning light system. 
     Camera assisted wireless mobile warning light system can be installed in a protected area (eg., a pedestrian and motor vehicle intersection within an industrial production and warehouse facility) for a camera assisted mobile traffic signal system in accordance with the invention to create a signal system for motor vehicle and/or pedestrian traffic within a facility or area, and depicting a condition wherein moving single Transponders, mobile detection device(s), of a plurality of Transponders, and camera assisted Sensor devices stationed or moving throughout a facility and connected together in a programmable mobile traffic warning system to protect the pedestrian or motor vehicle operator by signaling the detection of a traffic hazard (eg., pedestrian, motor vehicle, operating hazard) and providing a signal warning of the hazard to pedestrians and motor vehicle operators and camera representation to the motor vehicle operator of the motor vehicle and detected hazard in the programmed range of the protected area. 
     In addition to the stationary warning light system strategically installed at traffic safety hazards (eg., traffic intersections, pedestrian crossings, motor vehicle door openings, or other traffic hazards including high hazard areas) and the mobile light bar warning system installed within operating motor vehicles as shown in prior examples, the mobile traffic warning system can be integrated with system connected cameras positioned throughout the protected area and adhered to the motor vehicle. These system connected cameras would provide three dimensional images of the area and the moving motor vehicle operating within the protected area. The motor vehicle would be equipped with a portable monitor that when activated by the wireless mobile Sensor device detecting a Transponder, the monitor will provide three dimensional image representation of the motor vehicle and the detected Transponder(s), (or other programmable objects such as proximity to high hazard areas or stationary objects) present and moving within the Sensor range with programmable warning indication of hazard alert and action to be taken. 
     Utilizing the composition of images compiled by all area installed camera angles and images from the cameras installed on the motor vehicle, the motor vehicle monitor will display an aerial view of the motor vehicle moving throughout the facility and alert the motor vehicle operator of non-viewable safety hazards (eg. nearby pedestrians, operating motor vehicles or high hazard areas blocked by other objects such as racking, production equipment, walls, curtains, doors, blind corners, etc.) within the programmed alert range. Camera Sensors located on the motor vehicle can be programmed to alert the motor vehicle operator for collusion with stationary objects as the motor vehicle moves throughout the area. All camera images and Sensor information, including movement of Transponder(s), transmitted throughout the integrated mobile traffic signal system are transferrable to connected data storage devices to allow for incident recording and review, traffic flow analysis, security purposes or other uses. 
     Further integration of wireless mobile Sensor devices into motor vehicle operational controls can stop (or temporarily pause) the motor vehicle to avoid impact with other wireless mobile detection devices (eg., Transponders assigned to pedestrians or other motor vehicles), programmed high hazard areas, or other stationary objects. 
     Other Safety Features for an expanded or alternate system include the following. 
     Variable signals or alarms can be activated based on the assigned credentials programmed to the Transponder (ie. badge) that has been detected by the Sensor. Expanded signal logic beyond the YELLOW Signal for one Transponder detected, RED Signal for two or more Transponders detected and OFF for no Transponders detected can include multiple signals and variations that are specific to the Transponder detected by the Sensor. The variable signals or alarms are controllable by the system and can be programmed to be effective in the installation environment for the hazards present. 
     Assigning Transponder devices to motor vehicles or other hazards that are in the protected space expands the programmable logic of the warning system to increase the variations in the warning signals, alarms or other actions. This allows the warning signal to be more specific and relevant to the classified identities detected by the Sensors. A simple example of the variable signal includes: a Transponder device is attached to a motor vehicle and programmed with the classified identity of a motor vehicle (eg., Fork Lift); the operator of the motor vehicle has an assigned Transponder device (eg., Badge) with the classified identities of a motor vehicle operator AND a pedestrian since when not on equipment he will be detectable as a pedestrian; an office worker who is always a pedestrian when moving in the protected space will be assigned a Transponder device with the classified identity of a pedestrian. The warning system can be programmed to activate a YELLOW SOLID light signal when the Sensors detect ONE or MORE Transponders with classified identities of pedestrians in the Sensor area; the system can be programmed to activate a YELLOW FLASHING light signal when the Sensors detect ONE Transponders with the classified identity of motor vehicle (the system is programmed to link the Transponder worn by the operator of the equipment to the Transponder assigned to the motor vehicle for combined detection of identities to the system); the system can be programmed to activate a RED FLASHING light signal when the Sensors detect ONE Transponder with motor vehicle identity AND the Sensors detects ONE or MORE second Transponder(s) with motor vehicle or pedestrian identities. 
     Variable Signals or Alarms with Symbols or Messaging can be utilized to communicate the specific safety warning or to integrate messaging of other safety controls present in the protected space. In place of a solid or flashing YELLOW or RED light signal, the Sensor can be connected (wired or wirelessly) to a signal that will communicate to the approaching individual (operator or pedestrian) what type of classified identity or hazard is approaching the Sensor area from another direction (eg., traffic way intersection or blind corner) or within programmed safety range of the Sensor (eg., operating overhead crane rail). The type of signal symbol or message is variable and programmable to the Sensor area and can include, by way of an example, an outline of pedestrian to represent the Sensor detection of Transponder(s) with a classified identity of pedestrian; an outline of a fork truck to represent the Sensor detection of Transponder(s) with a classified identity of a fork lift motor vehicle; a message “OVERHEAD HAZARD” to warn of the Sensor detection of Transponder(s) with a classified identity of an overhead crane rail. 
     An example of the Variable Signals with Symbols or Messaging based on the Transponder identities described in the example above and as they are approaching a T-intersection with an overhead crane rail and hoist operating beyond one end of the intersection would include: a Transponder device attached to a fork lift with the classified identity a fork lift; the operator of the motor vehicle with a Transponder device with classified identities of a fork lift operator AND a pedestrian; an office worker with a Transponder device with the classified identity of a pedestrian; a Transponder device attached to an overhead crane rail and hoist with the classified identity of overhead crane rail. 
     The safety warning system Sensors will detect the identity classification of the Transponder(s) and will signal to the intersection&#39;s opposing directions the symbol or message programmed for the highest risk associated (as prioritized in system) for the Transponder identities within Sensor range. The system can be programmed to activate a PEDESTRIAN symbol signal to opposing sides of the intersection when the Sensors detect ONE or MORE Transponders with classified identities of pedestrians in the Sensor area; the system will activate a FORK LIFT symbol signal and present to all opposing sides when the Sensors detect ONE Transponders with the classified identity of fork lift (the system is programmed to link the Transponder worn by the operator of the equipment to the Transponder assigned to the motor vehicle for combined detection of identities to the system)—in this situation where there is only ONE fork lift approaching the T-intersection and the other Transponders are identified as Pedestrians, the system will present the PEDESTRIAN symbol signal to the direction of the ONE fork lift; the system will activate a “OVERHEAD HAZARD” message signal when the Sensors detect ONE or MORE Transponder(s) with Overhead Crane Rail identity AND the Sensors detects ONE or MORE second Transponder(s) with motor vehicle or pedestrian identities. When there are multiple high risk hazards, such as an operating overhead crane hoist and fork lift, a combination of multiple signal or messaging devices can be utilized for safety warning of the multiple hazards. The same signal light color as the prior examples is utilized with YELLOW SOLID symbol or message signal color utilized when ONE or MORE pedestrians are within the range of the Sensors, YELLOW FLASHING symbol or message signal color utilized when ONE motor vehicle or other classified high hazards such as crane rails are detected within range of the Sensors, RED FLASHING symbol or message signal when ONE motor vehicle or other classified high hazards such as overhead crane hoist are detected within range of the Sensors AND ONE or MORE other Transponders (eg., pedestrians or motor vehicles or other classified high hazard) is detected within range of the Sensors. 
     The Variable Signal with Variable Symbols and Messaging option starts with the YELLOW, RED or OFF light signals and extends to Transponder specific symbols and messaging to opposing traffic and on to verification and messaging of safety clearance and programmable access controls. Protected area specific programming of Transponders classifications and identities controls the warning signals and alarms presented or actions taken (eg., locked door access or operational control pause or stop). A table with examples of possible warning system signaling and controls are presented in the TABLE 1 and TABLE 2 below. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AUTHORIZATION SIGNS AND/OR ACTIONS 
               
               
                 for message capable signals 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Description 
                 Authorized 
                 Visitor 
                 Worker 
                 Contractor 
                 Security 
                 Truck 
                 OSHA 
                 Trainer 
                 Custom 
               
               
                 of Restricted 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Driver 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Areas, 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Processes or 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Equipment 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Trained 
                 Yes 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                 for area 
                 No 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
               
               
                 Hazard 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Department 
                 Yes 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 No 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
               
               
                 Shift 
                 Yes 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                   
                 No 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
               
               
                 Operation of 
                 Yes 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                 Equipment 
                 No 
                 U, R, K, C 
                 U, R, K, C 
                 U, R, K, C 
                 U, R, K, C 
                 U, R, K, C 
                 U, R, K, C 
                 U, R, K, C 
                 U, R, K, C 
               
               
                 Access 
                 Yes 
                 A, O 
                 A, O 
                 A, O 
                 A, O 
                 A, O 
                 A, O 
                 A, O 
                 A, O 
               
               
                   
                 No 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
                 U, R, L, C 
               
               
                 Hazard in 
                 Yes 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
                 A 
               
               
                 Area 
                 No 
                 D, U, R, K, L 
                 D, U, R, K, L 
                 D, U, R, K, L 
                 D, U, R, K, L 
                 D, U, R, K, L 
                 D, U, R, K, L 
                 D, U, R, K, L 
                 D, U, R, K, L 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Legend 
                 Sign Reads 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 A 
                 Authorized 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 U 
                 Unauthorized 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 C 
                 Custom 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 D 
                 Description of Hazard* 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Legend 
                 Possible action 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 K 
                 Kill power 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 L 
                 Lock 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 O 
                 UnLock 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 R 
                 Light Turns Red 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 (*i.e. Overhead Hoist, Welding Flash, Rail Edges, Hard Hat Area, etc.) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SIGN/SIGNALS FOR VARIOUS SITUATIONS 
               
               
                 for symbol capable signals 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sign Seen by 
                 Pedestrian  
                 Equipment with 
                   
               
               
                 the Described 
                 Approaching 
                 Operator Approaching 
                 Hazard 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Pedestrian 
                 P 
                 P 
                 P 
               
               
                 Approaching 
                 P 
                 E 
                 H 
               
               
                 Equipment with 
                 E 
                 E 
                 E 
               
               
                 Operator 
                 P 
                 E 
                 H 
               
               
                 Approaching 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Hazard 
                 H 
                 H 
                 H 
               
               
                   
                 P 
                 E 
                 H 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Legend 
                 Sign Reads 
                   
               
               
                 P 
                 Image of Pedestrian 
                   
               
               
                 E 
                 Image of Equipment* 
                   
               
               
                 H 
                 “Hazard” 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 (*i.e. Image of Forklift) 
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Wireless Sensor and Signaling devices with LED light signals and Sensors powered by battery and connected wirelessly to the safety warning system allow the warning light Sensors and signals to be installed anywhere within the protected area as there are no hard wired electrical or data lines necessary to power or connect the Sensor or signal to the safety warning system. The Sensors and signaling devices can also be connected wirelessly to each other to allow multiple Sensors to activate the same signaling devices and multiple signaling devices to be activated by the same Sensors as programmed in the safety warning system to be most effective in the environment. The wireless Sensor and signal devices are programmed to signal based on the classified identity of the Transponders detected within range of the Sensors. Examples of the possible applications of the Wireless Sensor and Signaling devices include:
         1) Sensor and signal light installed at the end corner of industrial storage racking as it joins shared material handling vehicle (i.e. fork lift) traffic ways.   2) Sensor and signal lights suspended over shared traffic ways or pedestrian walkway entry points.   3) Sensor and signal lights installed on exterior fencing at gate entry points and construction vehicle shared traffic entrances such as road construction areas where dump trucks, heavy loaders and equipment, contractor pickups and pedestrians can be present.   4) Sensors installed at railway dock edges that are wirelessly connected to signaling devices suspended from the ceiling in front of the dock edge to signal warning to pedestrians and motor vehicle operators of their proximity to the open dock edge. The ability to wirelessly connect multiple Sensors to multiple warning signal devices through the safety warning system, allows the Sensors installed at the railway dock edge to also activate any warning light bar or monitor installed on the motor vehicle with indication of the direction (in the case of the warning light bar with activated light segments from the direction of the hazard) or the image and programmed warning message (in the case of the safety system monitor installed on the motor vehicle.       

     Sensors and signal devices installed on poles, surfaces or portable supports, such as tri-pods or safety cones, for permanent or temporary usage or where no other structural attachment points are available. Utilizing the LED light signals and Sensors powered by battery and connected wirelessly to the safety warning system allows the warning light Sensors and signals to be installed anywhere within the protected area as there are no hard wired electrical or data lines necessary to power or connect the Sensor or signal to the safety warning system. The Sensors and signaling devices can also be connected wirelessly to each other to allow multiple Sensors to activate the same signaling devices and multiple signaling devices to be activated by the same Sensors as programmed in the safety warning system to be most effective in the environment. The wireless Sensor and signal devices are programmed to signal based on the classified identity of the Transponders detected within range of the Sensors Examples of the possible usage for pole, surface or portable Sensor and signal device mounting apparatus are listed below:
         a. Surface or Pole mounted Sensors can be installed in surfaces (eg., floors, roads, right of ways, dock edges) or erected within exterior areas that do not have other structures to support the attachments. For example, in exterior, high traffic, industrial distribution areas with over-the-road truck and trailer traffic merging onto drive ways and dock access areas that also have other traffic including fork trucks, pedestrians, contractor trucks, visitor or facility worker vehicles, all within the protected space and assigned an appropriately classified Transponder identity, surface or pole mounted Sensors strategically placed within the distribution area and access points can monitor traffic flow and potential hazards and signal variably programmable warnings to approaching traffic using the Transponder(s) classified identity that is approaching from an opposing traffic way. Additionally, using the safety warning systems programmable Transponder classifications of identity priority settings to determine and signal who has priority at system controlled intersections and the standard RED/YELLOW/GREEN traffic light signal logic, the Sensors can activate safety signals to direct oncoming traffic to STOP for RED signals, use CAUTION for YELLOW signals, and signal priority to GO forward with GREEN signals at traffic intersections or pedestrian defined crosswalks.   b. Tri-pod mounted Sensors can be erected at the perimeter of areas with hazardous safety activities such as welding where eye damage may occur if the welder flash is viewed without proper eye protection. The tri-pod mounted Sensors and signaling devices can be positioned to detect Transponders within Sensor range and approaching the tri-pod mounted Sensor area and activate the tri-pod stationed signals using a warning light, symbol or message as programmed in the safety warning system.   c. Safety cone mounted Sensors can be erected around temporary maintenance or construction being performed by maintenance personnel or outside contractor workers. Safety cones with mounted Sensors and signaling devices are positioned within safe distance from the work being performed. The safety warning system is programmed to signal OFF when Transponders devices (ie badge) assigned to the workers completing the maintenance or construction are detected with the Sensor range as AUTHORIZED to be within the Sensors area. When the safety warning system Sensors detect a ONE or MORE Transponder(s) within range, the Sensor will activate the warning signals mounted on the safety cones. The Sensors can be programmed to activate all safety cone mounted signals installed at the work area, or activate only the safety warning signals in the direction of the detected Transponder to direct the attention of safety monitoring personnel (or personnel completing the work) to the area of the Sensor detected Transponder.   d. In examples a, b, and c above, the same signal light color logic is utilized with YELLOW SOLID symbol or message signal color utilized when ONE or MORE pedestrians are within the range of the Sensors, YELLOW FLASHING symbol or message signal color utilized when ONE motor vehicle or other classified high hazards such as crane rails are detected within range of the Sensors, RED FLASHING symbol or message signal when ONE motor vehicle or other classified high hazards such as overhead crane hoist are detected within range of the Sensors AND ONE or MORE other Transponders (eg., pedestrians or motor vehicles or other classified high hazard) is detected within range of the Sensors.       

     Escalation of signaling based on location of detected Transponder within the Sensor detection range is a programmable option causing the warning signal to increase the level of alarm as the Transponder detected moves closer to the Sensor. The variable level of alarm signaled can be programmed to each Sensor and can include activation of ALTERNATING RED/YELLOW light signal and an audible alarm sound when an UNAUTHORIZED Transponder is detected within programmed close proximity to the Sensor. This increases the warning to the approaching Transponder and, with the audible alarm, alerts the safety monitor and/or AUTHORIZED workers present that someone is exceeding safety boundaries so they can address the safety risks. 
     Portable, Stand-alone Safety Warning System using Sensors and signal devices installed on poles, surfaces, or portable supports, such as tri-pods or safety cones, can be utilized for permanent or temporary usage or where no other structural attachment points are available. Utilizing the LED light signals and battery powered Sensors connected wirelessly to all Sensors in a self-contained, linked system allows the warning light Sensors and signals to be installed anywhere (interior or exterior) as there are no hard wired electrical or data lines or master system necessary to power or connect the linked Sensors and signals. The wireless connection of Sensors and signaling devices allow multiple Sensors to activate the same signaling devices and multiple signaling devices to be activated by the same Sensors as variably programmed to be most effective in the stand alone environment. Since this is a Stand-Alone safety system that is not connected to any larger master system of a protected area, the only Transponder devices (i.e. badge or surface mounted tag) assigned will be to the AUTHORIZED workers, motor vehicles or other moving items present in the area (eg., moving conveyor equipment beside Sensor controlled area) allowed to work in and around the Sensor monitored area. If the Sensors detect any UNAUTHORIZED entries to the Sensor area (using a combination of motion, face recognition, heat transfer or other detection methods), the wireless Sensor devices are programmed to activate the signal devices based on the programmed variable signal for an UNAUTHORIZED classified identity detected within range of the Sensors. Sensor range can be adjusted through placement of Sensors or adjustment of Sensor range to eliminate the detection of nearby UNAUTHORIZED motion that is within the Sensor area. Irregular shape Sensor areas can be achieved with placement of Sensor limiting devices that when linked to another Sensor limiting device creates a de-activation line between the two Sensor limiting devices. The Sensors will stop detection at the de-activation line. Multiple Sensor limiting devices can be placed within the Sensor range to create a custom Sensor area. 
     The variable level of alarm signaled can be programmed to each Sensor and can include activation of ALTERNATING RED/YELLOW light signal and an audible alarm sound when an UNAUTHORIZED Transponder is detected within programmed close proximity to the Sensor. This increases the warning to the approaching individual or motor vehicle and, with the audible alarm, alerts the safety monitor and/or AUTHORIZED workers present that someone is exceeding safety boundaries so they can address the safety risks. 
     A number of additional features and objects will be apparent in connection with the following discussion of the preferred embodiments and examples with reference to the drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       There are shown in the drawings certain exemplary embodiments of the invention as presently preferred. It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed as examples, and is capable of variation within the scope of the skills of a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. In the drawings, 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an example environment equipped with a traffic signal system in accordance with the invention for congested trafficways; 
         FIG. 2  is a plan view of  FIG. 1  showing various objects to be detected and/or protected by the traffic signal system in accordance with the invention; 
         FIG. 3  is an enlarged scale perspective view of a detail of  FIG. 1  showing a fork lift in the corner of the dock proximate the train car and a bridge from the dock to the access to the train car; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view inside the warehouse (the exterior of which is shown in  FIG. 1 ), and showing the labyrinth of marked trafficways for both vehicles as well as pedestrians, and densely packed high-rise shelving for palleted cargo; 
         FIG. 5  is a plan view of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of an outdoor lumberyard furnished with a traffic signal system in accordance with the invention; 
         FIG. 7  is an enlarged scale perspective view of detail from the center of  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8  is an enlarged scale perspective view of detail from the upper center of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 9  is an enlarged-scale perspective view of detail IX-IX in  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 10  is an enlarged-scale perspective view of detail X-X in  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of a combination alarm light and sensor/reader in accordance with the invention, glowing or flashing red; 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view comparable to  FIG. 11  except showing the alarm light glowing or flashing yellow; 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a transponder for use in the traffic signal system in accordance with the invention; 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view comparable to  FIG. 4  except showing a scissors lift lifting a worker on an aerial work platform and into potential harm&#39;s way from the gantry of an overhead crane/hoist; 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective view comparable to  FIG. 4  except showing a pedestrian walking in pedestrian lanes and about to walk into a rack bay as well as showing a fork lift in an aisle thoroughfare outside a series of rack bays which is about to overtake the pedestrian from behind; 
         FIG. 16  is a plan view of  FIG. 15  except showing all four lights glowing or flashing yellow; 
         FIG. 17  is a plan view comparable to  FIG. 16  except showing the fork lift moved closer to the pedestrian as well as showing the middle light glowing or flashing red; 
         FIG. 18  is a split view comprising bottom perspective view of the ceiling of the fork lift cage on the left side of the view, and on the right side of the view, a top plan view of the fork lift and pedestrian as about shown in  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 19  is a split view comparable to  FIG. 18  except showing how the light bar in the ceiling of the fork lift cage reacts to the pedestrian being detected inside the perimeter of the sensor of the fork lift; 
         FIG. 20  is a split view comparable to  FIG. 19  except showing the reaction of the light bar in the ceiling of the fork lift cage to the pedestrian being left behind; 
         FIG. 21  is a perspective view comparable to  FIG. 4  except showing an overhead crane/hoist; and 
         FIG. 22  is a bottom perspective view of the ceiling of the fork lift cage comparable to what&#39;s shown on the right side of the view in  FIG. 18 , except showing how the light bar reacts to the detection of the overhead crane/hoist. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an example environment for a traffic signal system  100  in accordance with the invention. It is designed to serve in particular, congested trafficways  102  for both indoor, outdoor, overhead (eg., cranes, hoists) and underfoot (eg., ledges) hazards which have both vehicular and pedestrian traffic. A semi-trailer  104  is backed up to a loading dock  106 . A train car  108  sits at a siding of the same loading dock  106 . A fork lift  110  is free to drive all over the loading dock  106  to lift out or set down freight with respect of either the trailer  104  or train car  108 . The fork lift  110  is also free to drive off the edge of the dock  106  if the driver is not careful (or warned by the system  100  in accordance with the invention, or shut off). A pedestrian U 50  has walked up steps to alight on the loading dock  106 , but in the blind spot of the driver of the fork lift  110 . 
     The fork lift  110  has a helm from where the driver drives the fork lift. The helm  110  is protected in a cage, the cage has a ceiling, and mounted in the ceiling is a light bar  112  as shown better in  FIGS. 18-20 and 22 . The helm might also have a dashboard with a display or screen to provide a map for the driver of his or her terrain at the present time. Preferably the display for the driver is a schematic in plan view in 360°. The objects of interest to the driver include:—
         drop offs,   blind hazards around corners,   blind hazards just past through roll-up (garage) doorways  114 ,   blind hazards to the behind,   overhead hazards that can drop or move hazardously, like cranes and chains,   and not just static blind hazards but also moving blind hazards, like:—
           other vehicular traffic on a path to interfere,   pedestrian traffic,   including pedestrian traffic about to emerge from anywhere.   
               

     A pedestrian U 50  is shown having emerged onto the dock after walking up low steps. As an alternative, a vehicle or pedestrian could be emerging out of any of the roll-up (garage) doorways  114 , from around a blind corner, from out of either the trailer  104  or train car  108 , or in the case of pedestrians, emerging out of the swing door  118  from out of the office. 
     Transponders  120  (See, Eg.,  FIG. 13 ) 
     It is an aspect of the invention to put an RFID device  120  on all hazards. This includes cargo (with information of nature, whether sensitive electronics or hazardous material), pedestrians (whether employees or visitors), fork lift and/or machine operators, vehicles (including in particular the fork lifts), trailers, train cars, visitor trailers and tow vehicles, chains dangling from overhead lifts, traveling gantries for overhead lifts/cranes, scissor lifts/aerial work platforms, boom lifts/aerial work platforms, roll-up (garage) doors, and so on without limitation. The RFID devices  120  can be passive, semi-active or active. Active are preferred because active RFID&#39;s  120  provide better range and better programmability. 
     Sensors  124  (See, Eg.,  FIG. 11 ). 
     It is a further object of the invention to populate the landscape with a strategically disposed distribution of spaced sensors  124 —or RFID readers  124 —to locate and track the transponders  120 . 
     Information Annunciator  125 - 126  (See, Eg.  FIG. 11 ) and/or Display Systems. 
     It is a complementary object of the invention to compile the evolving picture of what&#39;s transpiring over the network and serve that information in meaningful ways to the benefits of users of such information:—such users including without limitation the vehicular traffic operators (ie., the operators of any of the fork lifts, scissor lifts, boom loaders, hoists, cranes, visitor tow vehicles, visitor trailers and so on). A non-limiting example of the nature of the diagrammatic information that might be offered by such a display would be something like a plan view of the traffic environment  102 , as shown next in  FIG. 2 . 
       FIG. 2  is a plan view of  FIG. 1 . This  FIG. 2  could actually be an electronic display served in real time to the fork lift operator U 52  in the fork lift  110  in the center of the view. This view shows sensors  124  (which are combined with alarm lights  125 , see, eg.,  FIG. 11 ) on corners and on posts of roll-up (garage) door openings  114 . A pedestrian U 50  is walking up the steps to the loading dock but behind the fork lift  110 , the driver U 52  of which would be likely unaware of the pedestrian U 50  if not for the system  100  in accordance with the invention. 
     The fork lift  110  is in all likelihood electric. It is quiet. The loading dock  106  is otherwise a beehive of activity, and, noisy. Hence, the visitor U 50  is just as likely to gullibly walk into harm&#39;s way because the ordinary sense of an oncoming vehicle—noise—is too remote to help the visitor. To be sure, if the fork lift  110  shown in the view were reversing, it would likely have a reversing alarm. 
     However, if there were dozens of fork lifts or other vehicles in this environment with reversing alarms also, and about a half dozen were reversing and alarming all at the same time, the result is noise confusion. This environment  102  is a ‘hard’ environment for noise reflection, and the alarms of a half dozen vehicles would be echoing through the environment such as to not only make it deafening but at the same time difficult to discern a close-by threat from a remote one. Also, with so much noise in the environment at all times, workers and guests alike develop noise fatigue. 
     Hence just making a single vehicle  110  alarmingly noisy when it reverses despite the fact that its motive power is about as silent as stealth can go, does not make it stand out in swarm of beehive activity, with a lot of other ‘angry bees’ (reversing vehicles) alarming all at the same time. 
       FIG. 3  is an enlarged scale perspective view of a detail of  FIG. 1  showing a fork lift  110  in the corner of the dock  106  proximate the train car  108  and a bridge  128  from the dock  106  to the access to the train car  108 . 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view inside the warehouse  102 , and showing the labyrinth of marked trafficways  132  for both vehicles  110  as well as pedestrians U 50 , and densely packed high-rise shelving  134  for palleted cargo  136 . When the fork lift driver is driving a fork lift  110  with a fairly tall carton of palleted cargo  136 , he or she has a blind spot directly in front of him or her. 
       FIG. 5  is a plan view of  FIG. 4 . The fork lift  110  in the aisle  132  is blind both to approaching fork lift  110  and pedestrian U 50 . A display in accordance with the invention would provide all users (eg., U 50  and U 52 ) of the network  100  with a plan view schematic as shown with updated moving information of all the relevant actors (eg.  110  and U 50 ). 
       FIG. 6  is a perspective view of an outdoor lumberyard  138  furnished with a traffic signal system  100  in accordance with the invention for congested trafficways  102 . The employee U 54  has been issued and is wearing a transponder  120  (that being an easy aspect of the network pre-arranging). But the variable actor in this landscape is the visitor party. This includes all individuals U 56  of the visitor party, any tow vehicle  142 , and any trailer  144 . Preferably visiting people U 56  are issued a transponder on a temporary basis, while the tow vehicle  142  and trailer  144  might be issued a combination alarm light and sensor/reader  124 - 125  (see, eg,  FIGS. 11 and 12 ). 
       FIG. 7  is an enlarged scale perspective view of detail from the center of  FIG. 6  showing a transponder  120  on the visitor U 56  and other devices  124 - 125  on the visitor&#39;s trailer  144  respectively. 
       FIG. 8  is an enlarged scale perspective view of detail from the upper center of  FIG. 1 , except wherein the fork lift  110  and pedestrian U 50  are re-located, and introducing a hand dolly  146 . The hand dolly  146  might also be tagged with a transponder  120 . The garage door  148  is closed. Not only that, but the cargo (not shown) behind the garage door  148  is only safe to be trucked by a hand dolly  146 , and not a forklift  110 . The sensor  124 - 125  would alarm the network  100  if that requirement were about to be violated either by sending numerous warnings to fork lift driver or standers-by, or else, sending a ‘shut down’ instruction to the fork lift  110 . Such cargo (again, not shown) could be hazardous chemicals or otherwise. 
       FIG. 9  is an enlarged-scale detail view of detail IX-IX in  FIG. 8 . It shows a combination alarm light  125  and sensor/reader  124  in accordance with the invention mounted to the wall above the signage.  FIG. 10  is an enlarged-scale detail view of detail X-X in  FIG. 8 .  FIG. 11  is a perspective view of a combination alarm light and sensor/reader  124 - 125  in accordance with the invention, glowing or flashing red. There moreover is an alarm siren  126  wherein the alarm options include both visual and aural alarms.  FIG. 12  is a perspective view comparable to  FIG. 11  except showing the alarm light  125  glowing or flashing yellow. 
       FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a transponder  120  for use in the traffic signal system  100  in accordance with the invention, comprising by way of non-limiting example an RFID tag (radio frequency identification tag). 
       FIG. 14  is a perspective view comparable to  FIG. 4  except showing a scissors lift  152  lifting a worker U 58  on an aerial work platform and into potential harm&#39;s way from the gantry  154  of an overhead crane/hoist  156 . An overhead crane hoist  156  suspended from a traversing shuttle carriage  158  might comprise a gantry beam  154  running between spaced rails  162 , the shuttle carriage  158  traversing the gantry beam  154 , and terminal hoist tackle  164  suspended beneath the shuttle carriage  162 . All might be tagged with transponders  120 . The gantry  154  and/or carriage  162  might also be mounted with a alarm light/sensor-reader  124 - 125  as shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12 . The crane hoist  156  might be at the control of a different worker (not shown) who may have his or her own blind spots. 
       FIG. 15  is a perspective view comparable to  FIG. 4  except showing a pedestrian U 50  walking in pedestrian lanes  172  and about to walk into a rack bay  174  as well as showing a fork lift  110  in an aisle thoroughfare  132  outside a series of rack bays  174  which is about to overtake the pedestrian U 50  from behind. The fork lift driver might see the pedestrian U 50 , but the pedestrian U 50  has his back to the fork lift  110 . The pedestrian U 50  is within range  176  of causing three corner-mounted alarm lights/sensor-readers  124 - 25  to glow or flash yellow. 
       FIG. 16  is a plan view of  FIG. 15  except that the pedestrian U 50  and fork lift  110  are respectively within range  176  and  178 , respectively, to cause all four alarm lights  124  (with sensor-readers) to glow or flash yellow, but none red. 
       FIG. 17  finally shows that the fork lift  110  has overtaken the pedestrian U 50  to the point where the alarm light  124  closest to the pedestrian U 50  is glowing or flashing red, thus giving the pedestrian U 50  an evident warning of an overtaking fork lift  110 . 
       FIGS. 18 through 21  show an alternate aspect of the invention, namely a light bar  112  mounted in the ceiling  182  of the helm of the fork lift  110 . 
       FIG. 18  is a split view comprising bottom perspective view of the ceiling  182  of the fork lift cage on the left side of the view, and on the right side of the view, a top plan view of the fork lift  110  and pedestrian U 50  as about shown in  FIG. 16 . The light bar  112  comprises an open frame (eg., parallelogram) with seven or eight sections (seven such sections  191 - 197  are shown). Preferably there is a section at each corner  191  and  192 , one section  193  straight forward, two other sections to the left and right (ie,  194  and  195  respectively, and,  196  and  197  respectively), and an eighth section straight behind the head of the driver (this is not shown). 
       FIG. 18  shows that the section on the left-front corner section  191  is glowing or flashing above the head of the driver, to warn him or her of the pedestrian U 50  detected at 11 o&#39;clock. 
       FIG. 19  shows that the section  194  of the light bar  112  on the left side is glowing or flashing because the direction-locating ability of the onboard sensor-reader (ie.,  124 , not shown) now has correctly determined that the pedestrian U 50  lies to the left side of the fork lift  110 . The light bar  112  provides a visualization indication accordingly. 
       FIG. 20  shows the reaction of the light bar  112  in the ceiling  182  of the fork lift cage to the pedestrian U 50  being left behind. The left-rear section  196  is glowing or flashing. 
       FIG. 21  is a perspective view comparable to  FIG. 4  except showing an overhead crane/hoist  156 . The sphere  186  indicated in dashed lines represents the detectable range of a transponder  120  (not shown) attached to the terminal tackle  164  of the overhead crane/hoist  156 .  FIG. 22  is another bottom perspective view of the ceiling  178  of the fork lift cage comparable to what&#39;s shown on the left side of the view in  FIG. 18 , except showing how the light bar  112  reacts to the detection of the transponder  120  (not shown) attached to the terminal tackle  164  of the overhead crane/hoist  156 . There is a center interior light  190  that is not part of the lightbar frame  112  proper which glows or flashes to provide warning of the overhead hazard. 
     It is an aspect of the invention to keep workers apprised of the hazards in an environment like this—not only in the changing environment in 360° on the ground plane—but also in three dimensions (3D) in not only the overhead space but also hazards where the ground plane has ledges or drop offs as well. 
     The invention having been disclosed in connection with the foregoing variations and examples, additional variations will now be apparent to persons skilled in the art. The invention is not intended to be limited to the variations specifically mentioned, and accordingly reference should be made to the appended claims rather than the foregoing discussion of preferred examples, to assess the scope of the invention in which exclusive rights are claimed.