Abstract:
A system and method for managing the ordering, maintenance and delivery of documents (e.g., technical publications, journals, etc.) in a copyright-compliant manner. A company having a plurality of users having a significant need to access a plurality of documents, order a large number of documents, may utilize the system and method to centrally manage the company&#39;s document ordering needs. The system and method provides for the end-to-end management of the access to the plurality of the documents and the entire document delivery supply chain from the publisher to the user anywhere, anytime on any of the user&#39;s devices. Use of the system and method enables a company to efficiently control the automated distribution of content in compliance with copyright restrictions set forth by document publishers.

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/353,085 filed Jan. 13, 2009, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates generally to a document management system, and, more particularly, to a system and method for managing a user&#39;s access to and delivery of such documents to the user using a mobile device via an easy-to-use graphical interface. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Large and mid-sized companies, particularly those in science and technology industries, often have a great need to procure publications relating to the company&#39;s research and development efforts. Many of these companies have a large staff or company library dedicated to the identification of documents required by the company&#39;s researchers. The effort to obtain the desired documents is often expensive and plagued by a variety of inefficiency. 
         [0004]    A major drawback experienced by the in-house document retrieval model described above is the failure to comply with applicable copyright rights and regulations. Copyright-protected documents require a purchaser of the document to first obtain the appropriate copyright clearance and permissions from the document&#39;s publisher. 
         [0005]    In conventional arrangements, in-house library services frequently search for and identify desired documents on an ad hoc basis, failing to leverage inherent efficiencies in the copyright clearance and order fulfillment aspects of the process. Often, these types of systems lack a centralized management of documents which allows for the copyright-compliant reprinting of a document when faced with a later request of a previously ordered document. 
         [0006]    Furthermore, the in-house staff and related systems are limited in their ability to identify documents which are not maintained in an internal repository and connect with the appropriate publisher or external source of documents. 
         [0007]    An additional drawback to the existing ad hoc document management methods and systems present in the prior art is the natural barrier created in the distribution of research and development and technical documents to the researchers and scientists of the company. Specifically, by failing to efficiently track and manage previously requested documents and/or provide access to externally-available documents, the company fails to maximize the flow of information to the R&amp;D staff, thus hampering the company&#39;s overall research and development efforts. 
         [0008]    A further drawback of existing document management methods and systems is the difficulty for a user to access and retrieve a document, particularly remotely from a mobile device. Frequently, users waste an inordinate amount of time searching for documents that are “hidden” or dispersed in a multiplicity of storage devices. An attempt to overcome this problem is discussed in an article titled “SciVerse: It&#39;s Elseveir, Jim, But Not as We Knew It!” by J. Elsevier, published in Insights 7, September 2010. However, the model described in the Elsevier article suffers from a critical shortcoming in that it is subject to and dependent upon the competing interests of publishers who, depending on their size, may or may not welcome the level playing field described by Elsevier. 
         [0009]    In addition, companies continually face the challenge of providing easy and secure access to the company&#39;s documents to its employees that are working remotely. In this regard, employees are limited to working only within their secure network and not able to work remotely. 
         [0010]    The above-described inefficiencies and lack of centralized management of the document control, access and delivery process results in conventional approaches to document management which is expensive to implement and manage. Therefore, there is a need for a method and a system for efficiently and effectively implementing, managing, administering and monitoring a document management and delivery program. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTON 
       [0011]    The above-described problems are addressed and a technical solution is achieved in the art by systems and methods for managing a content supply chain to facilitate the tracking, accessing, ordering and delivery of documents to a plurality of users using a mobile device via an easy-to-use graphical interface. 
         [0012]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the systems and methods of the present invention provide an efficient framework for the control of copyrighted material, in accordance with applicable copyrights to ensure a user has the appropriate permission to access the copyrighted material. According to embodiments of the present invention, the users (i.e., employees, contractors, agents, or the like) associated with a client (i.e., an entity, company, corporation, organization, group, or the like) are provided with access to the “document management system” and related methods. The document management system of the present invention provides for the end-to-end management of the supply chain of documents provided by a publisher to and including delivery of the documents to the one or more users. 
         [0013]    Advantageously, the document management system provides a computer-executable software and processing system configured to bring together, in one comprehensive computing package capable of performing a variety of document management related functions, including, but not limited to: document procurement optimization, document licensing management, copyright compliance, usage monitoring and analysis, document repository management and document delivery to a user using a mobile device via an easy-to-use graphical interface. 
         [0014]    The document management system includes a number of modules and/or components to systematically manage a user&#39;s rights to content sets or subsets, workflow processes to manage manual tasks, and document delivery (internally or externally copyright cleared and sourced). According to an embodiment of the present invention, the document management system supports the client in ensuring copyright compliance and provides detailed audit trails and data to support the client&#39;s copyright clearance efforts. The document management system is a transaction-based system that manages the users&#39; access and usage of both internally-held documents (i.e., documents previously obtained from a publisher, typically in accordance with a contract with said publisher) and externally-held documents (i.e., documents which may be retrieved from resources accessible by the document management system or documents maintained in collection provided by the document management system). 
         [0015]    Advantageously, the document management system allows users to efficiently obtain high quality, cost-effective documents that can be delivered by the system in an automated fashion, all while maintaining copyright compliance. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the document management system creates a client collection comprising a plurality of internally-held documents. These internally-held documents are each associated with usage rights in accordance with the applicable publisher contract governing use of the internally-held document. The internally-held documents are further associated with access rights in accordance with client-directed access rights governing access to the internally-held document. As such, a repository of internally-held documents (i.e., the client collection) is created which includes robust and multi-layered data for each internally-held document in the client collection to enable the client to efficiently manage the licensing, usage and copyright-compliance aspects associated with each document. 
         [0016]    The document management system is further configured to receive an order for a requested document from the user. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the document management system performs a review of the client collection in order to determine if the requested document is available. In this regard, an objective of the document management system is to first attempt to fully leverage a client&#39;s licensed documents. If the requested document is not part of the client collection (i.e., the licensed documents) or is part of the collection but does not have the appropriate rights associated with it, the document management system is configured to search a collection of externally-held documents maintained by the system (i.e., the system collection). 
         [0017]    Following identification of the requested document, the document management system verifies compliance with the usage rights and the access rights associated with the requested document and the user that originated the request. Upon verification of compliance with the applicable usage and/or access, the document management system delivers the requested document to the user. 
         [0018]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the event that the order is fulfilled using the system collection, the document management system is configured to determine the applicable copyright or license fee that will be charged to the user and/or determine an excepted delivery date for the document, prior to acceptance of the order by user. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the document management system may comprise a cross-referencing/verification subsystem and may be configured to support a general citation parser for single or multiple ordering via ‘Order by Citation’ methodology. 
         [0019]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cross-referencing/verification subsystem is configured to execute an algorithm designed to match user-provided citation data points to known citations stored by the document management system. Advantageously, the ranking algorithm not only considers matches between supplied data points and known citations but also mismatches. In operation, a user may input any number of data points upon which the citation search is based. The referencing/verification subsystem assigns a weight to each of the data points and resulting matches are ranked by how well the provided data points match to known citations. A base rank is calculated by determining the percentage of “core” user-provided data points (a certain subset of data points considered most important to a proper match) that match to a known citation. This base ranking is then enhanced by increasing and/or decreasing the ranking based on the matching/mismatching of additional non-core user-provided data points. 
         [0020]    Following delivery of a requested document retrieved from the externally-held collection, the requested document may be added to the client collection for future use by the client. Advantageously, the document management system of the present application provides a centralized framework for the effective management, control and distribution of copyright compliant documents to a plurality of users associated with a client. 
         [0021]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the document management system provides a graphical user interface (GUI) module that provides functionality to the user operating a user device. This enhanced functionality includes, but is not limited to, the ability to: 1) view and share custom RSS feeds; 2) order documents; 3) import citations into the system; 4) establish and manage a personal repository displaying all of the user&#39;s personal documents; 5) access and navigate the company&#39;s repositories displaying all of the company&#39;s documents; 6) provide the user with a document viewer to access the document; 7) customize general document information, citation, and personal document tags; and 8) customize settings such as application data, custom links, account tab, billing and delivery tabs. Advantageously, the document management system of the present application is configured to provide the user with access to content delivery capabilities via the interface presented on a user device. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0022]    The present invention will be more readily understood from the detailed description of exemplary embodiments presented below considered in conjunction with the attached drawings, of which: 
           [0023]      FIG. 1  is an illustration of a document management system, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0024]      FIG. 2A  illustrates a screen of an exemplary “Home” portal presented by the GUI, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0025]      FIG. 2B  illustrates a screen of an exemplary “Store” portal presented by the GUI, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0026]      FIG. 2C  illustrates a screen of an exemplary “My Library” portal presented by the GUI, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0027]      FIG. 2D  illustrates a screen of an exemplary “Settings” portal presented by the GUI, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0028]      FIG. 3  illustrates a exemplary method for managing documents, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0029]      FIG. 4  illustrates a process for creating new collections, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0030]      FIG. 5  illustrates an exemplary document ordering process, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention; and 
           [0031]      FIG. 6  illustrates optional workflow management queues, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
       
    
    
       [0032]    It is to be understood that the attached drawings are for purposes of illustrating the concepts of the invention and may not be to scale. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0033]    The present invention relates to a method and a system for managing a document ordering program.  FIG. 1  depicts a Document Management System  1  according to embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, the term ‘document’ is intended to include, but is not limited to, any article, publication, journal, book, proceeding, patent, patent publication, newsletter, and paper, in hard-copy and/or electronic format. The Document Management System  1  is a computer-based system, accessible by one or more ‘users’ associated with a client (i.e., a company) which has been granted the necessary authorization and access to the Document Management System  1 . As used herein, the term ‘user’ is intended to include, but is not limited to, any employee, agent, contractor, or computer associated with the client. As used herein, the term ‘client’ is intended to include, but is not limited to, a company, corporation, entity, organization, or the like, and the related computing environment configured to include and/or have access to the Document Management System  1 . The term “user device” is intended to include, but is not limited to, a tablet, e.g. Apple iPad™, Smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a desktop computer, personal computer, laptop or any other device, that is configured to perform computer processing. The term ‘computer’ is intended to include any data processing device, such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a mainframe computer, a personal digital assistant, a server, a handheld device or any other device configured to process data. The term ‘computer module’ is intended to include, but is not limited to, one or more computers configured to execute one or more software programs configured to perform one or more functions. 
         [0034]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the Document Management System  1  includes, but is not limited to, the following components: an Interface Module  5 , a Collection Manager  10 , a Rights Engine  20 , a Contracts Database  25 , a Client Collection  30 , a Document Order Processor  40 , a System Collection  50  and a Compliance Module  60 . The aforementioned components of the Document Management System  1  represent computer-implemented hardware and software modules configured to perform the functions described in detail below. One having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the components of the Document Management System  1  may be implemented on one or more communicatively connected computers. The term ‘communicatively connected’ is intended to include, but is not limited to, any type of connection, whether wired or wireless, in which data may be communicated, including, for example, a connection between devices and/or programs within a single computer or between devices and/or programs on separate computers. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the components of the Document Management System  1  may each be a computer module particularly configured to perform the function associated with the respective component. 
         [0035]    The features and functionality of the Document Management System  1  and its components are described in detail in connection with the system diagram of  FIG. 1  and the process flow diagram of  FIGS. 2 and 3 . One having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the labeling of the steps illustrated in  FIG. 3  (i.e., Step A, Step B, Step C, etc.) is for reference purposes only, and does not necessarily represent the order in which the steps take place. For example, Step A and Step B represents steps that may be performed iteratively, and may occur in real time before, after, or during the performance of Steps C-F. 
         [0036]    With reference to  FIG. 1 , the Interface Module  5  is a user-friendly graphical interface module configured to provide a user with access to the documents. The Interface Module  5  is communicatively connected to a client and a user via a user device  2 . The Interface Module  5  comprises a graphical user interface which provides an access point with which the user can interact for accessing and coordinating delivery of the documents managed by the Document Management System  1 . The Interface Module  5  is communicatively connected to an application, the Mobile Library Application, which resides on the client/user device  2 . The Mobile Library Application comprises a graphical user interface for a user to interact with the document management system  1 . The Mobile Library Application comprises a series of screens/pages logically connected in the manner described in detail below to provide the user with access to the functionality of the document management system  1 . These series of screen/pages are illustrated in  FIGS. 2A ,  2 B,  2 C and  2 D, described in detail below. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the Interface Module  5  is communicatively connected to the Collection Manager  10  and Document Order Processor  40  of the Document Management System  1 . The details of the Collection Manager  10  and the Document Order  40  are described in detail below. 
         [0037]    With reference to  FIG. 1 , the Collection Manager  10  is a computer module configured to generate one or more client ‘collections’ or ‘sub-collections’ including documents authored, maintained, licensed, and/or owned by the client, herein referred to as “internally-held documents”. As used herein, the term ‘collection’ is intended to include a grouping of documents (whether internally-held or external documents) having like parameters or characteristics (herein referred to as the ‘collection attributes’). The collection attributes may include, but are not limited to: a) an ‘effective date range’; b) fulfillment method (i.e., whether a request for documents in the collection is delivered in paper and/or electronic format); c) fulfillment availability and type which includes any special services or options associated with the document, including, but not limited to, an FDA-quality document, a document including a title page, a color document, etc. Each collection has an effective date and an expiration date, wherein the time between the effective date and the expiration date defines the ‘effective date range’. The documents contained in a particular collection are only available to the one or more users during the effective date range. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the effective date range may be defined by the term of a contractual agreement between a client and a publisher. For example, if a client signs a one-year contractual agreement with a publisher for access to certain journals, that client may set up a collection with an effective date, expiration date, and effective date range that correspond to the one year period covered by the agreement. 
         [0038]    A sub-process includes any grouping of documents which have common collection attributes. Some standard third party collections and sub-collections have collection attributes that are pre-defined/pre-set by a publisher and may be loaded by the Collection Manager  10  into the Document Management System  1  according to the pre-set collection attributes, such as, for example, the Science Direct collection and the collection defined by the CCC&#39;s Annual Copyright License (ACL) agreement. In the latter example, if the client may subscribe to CCC&#39;s ACL agreement, the Collection Manager  10  is configured to automatically load and update the related collection into the Client Collection  30 . 
         [0039]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, an internally-held document may include, but is not limited to: 1) a third party published document to which the client has a license or other right, pursuant to a publisher-client contractual arrangement (herein, the ‘publisher contract’); and 2) an internally-authored document. 
         [0040]    The internally-held documents represent documents to which the client and its associated users have a valid legal right and/or license to access and/or obtain a copy/copies of the document (i.e., copyright clearance), typically pursuant to the underlying publisher contract which identifies and governs the client&#39;s rights in and to the documents along with the terms and conditions relating to the client&#39;s use of the document (herein, the ‘usage rights’). In addition, the client defines ‘access rights’ relating to the internally-held documents, wherein the access rights define which users may access a document, collection, and/or sub-collection. For example, the access rights relating to a document may be set such that the document may only be accessed by the entire client, or particular business units, divisions, departments, geographic-locations, practice areas, and/or individuals of the client. The client-defined access rights allow the client to manage and control use of the Document Management System  1 . 
         [0041]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the Document Management System  1  comprises a Rights Engine  20 . The Rights Engine  20  is a computer module configured to maintain, manage, review, determine, and control the usage rights and access rights associated with the internally-held documents. The Rights Engine  20  may be communicatively connected to a Contracts Database  25 , which is a compilation of all publisher contracts relating to the internally-held documents. 
         [0042]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, a publisher contract may be represented as a collection in the Document Management System  1 . The terms and conditions associated with the publisher contract may be entered into the Contracts Database  25  by the client or an individual associated with the Document Management System  1 . The documents covered by a particular publisher contract can be entered manually or imported automatically via the Collection Manager  10 . 
         [0043]      FIGS. 2A-2D  illustrates exemplary screens/images presented on the user&#39;s device  2  to interact with the document management system  1  via the Interface Module  5 , according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. Although,  FIGS. 2A-2D  illustrate screens/images presented on an APPLE™ iPAD, one of ordinary skill can appreciate that any user device as defined herein may be used to interact with the Interface Module  5  in the Document Management System. Specifically,  FIGS. 2A ,  2 B,  2 C and  2 D illustrate, respectively, the following exemplary images of portals: “Home”  210 , “Store” portal  220 , “My Library”  230  and “Setting”  240 , details of these are provided in greater detail below. The term “portal” is defined as a gateway to information from diverse sources in an internet. 
         [0044]    Upon receipt of the launch of the Mobile Library Application by the user, the Document Management  1  functions to launch the “Home” portal  210  on the user&#39;s device  2  as illustrated in  FIG. 2A . The icons displayed on the Home portal  210  and the actions triggered via the Home portal  210  are processed by the Collection Manager  10  and Document Order  40  and preferably include the presentation to the user of one or more sub-portals that are relevant to the user, as illustrated in  FIG. 2A . A sub-portal, Mobile Library Login HM 2  displayed on the Home portal provides the user with a screen to input the login information and upon receipt of the necessary authentication/validation of the user provided in the login information, the document management system  1  displays a sub-portal Mobile Library HM 3  on the user&#39;s device.  2 . The icons of additional sub-portals displayed on the Mobile Library HM 3  sub-portal may include, but are not limited to, user-specific/customized RSS feeds (HM 4 , HM 5 , HM 6  and HM 7 ), quick find search bar (HM 8 , HM 9 ), order details (HM 10 ), custom links (HM 7   a ), and recent activity (HM 11 ). It is noted that these sub-portals need not be executed in any sequential order, and that the numbers associated with each are provided merely for reference purposes. A user interacts with the user device  2  using an input mechanism. The input mechanism may include any suitable user interface, such as a touch screen, touch pad, keypad, keyboard, stylus input, joystick, track ball, voice recognition interface or other user input interfaces. 
         [0045]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, upon selection of the custom RSS feeds, the user is provided access to several functions such as, view custom RSS feeds in the dialog box (HM 4 , HM 5 ) or the browser within the Mobile Library application (HM 7 ), or email the RSS link via an e-mail application (HM 6 ) to an external source, as shown in  FIG. 2A . Upon selection of the quick find search bar (HM 8 ), the user is provided access to order documents from the Order by Search screen (HM 9 ), as described in detail with reference to  FIG. 2B . Upon selection of the Order Details content type (HM 10 ), the user is provided with information relating to the user&#39;s document order provided by the Document Order Processor  40 . The user&#39;s document orders preferably include a list of recent orders automatically loaded onto the Home Portal  210 . Upon, receiving a selection of the order from the list, the user is provided with details of the order including several tabs of information by the Document Order Processor  40 . Some examples of such tabs of information include but are not limited to citation of the document ordered (for example, title, standard number, publisher, etc.), info for the order (for example, order id, fulfillment, type, etc.), status of the order (e.g. sourcing pending, fulfillment pending, etc.), notes related to the order (e.g. ‘Contacted customer service Feb. 1, 2011’) and fees associated with the order (e.g. transaction fee, copyright fee, tax, etc.). Another sub-portal available for selection by the user on Home Portal  210  is “Custom links” (HM 7 ). Custom Links (HM 7 ) function to direct users to an external link, as specified in the custom link settings (SE 37 ) provided in greater detail in  FIG. 2D . Furthermore, the Recent Activity sub-portal (HM 11 ) provides the user with access to documents maintained in the Collection Manager  10  that were recently viewed by the user. 
         [0046]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, a “Store” portal  220  may be presented to the user via the Interface Module  5 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2B . The Store portal  220  is configured to allow the user to search order and deliver documents to the user. The actions triggered via the Store portal  220  are processed by the Collection Manager  10  and the Document Order Processor  40  and preferably include access to several sub-portals targeted for each user. These sub-portals include, but are not limited to, an Order by Search content type (ST 12 ), an Order by Form content type (ST 14 ), an Import Citation (ST  13 ), and an Order History (ST 3 , ST 9 , ST 15  and ST  16 ). It is noted that these sub-portals are not necessarily executed in any particular order and that the numbers associated with each are provided merely for reference purposes. Interactions with the aforementioned sub-portals may be conducted by the user via a selection of the particular sub-portal according to any suitable means known in the art, including, for example, the user may “click” or otherwise interact with an icon associated with the sub-portal using an associated device (e.g., a mouse or keyboard) or by a “touch” of a touch screen. 
         [0047]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, a user may alternatively be automatically directed to Order by Search (ST 12 ) upon selection of the Store Portal  220  from any of the screens. Order by Search (ST 12 ) sub-portal functions to give access to a user to interact with the document order processor  40  to search for documents (Order by Search  118  in  FIG. 5 ) in the client collection  20  and/or the system collection  50 . Order by Search Results (ST 9   a ) provides the user access to order the documents in the search results by the document order processor  40 . Another relevant sub-portal provided to the user is the Order by Form (ST 14 ) which provides the user with one or more search fields to interact with the document order processor  40  to order the specific documents in an Order Form  122  as illustrated in  FIG. 5 . A list of search results of the documents from the Order by Form (ST 14 ) is provided to the user in the sub-portal Order by Form Search Results (ST  18 ). Alternatively, a user interacts with the document order processor  40  to copy and paste one or more full citations of the documents and the documents from an external source into the Import Citation sub-portal (ST 13 ). A list of these citations results with their corresponding documents appears on the Import Citation Search Results sub-portal (ST 17 ), as illustrated in  FIG. 2B . The user may preferably use one or more of the sub-portals (ST 17 ), ST 9   a,  ST  18  to select a match for ordering and/or retrieval from the Document Manager  40 . Additionally, the citations and the associated documents are preferably saved to the “My library” portal of the Client Collection database  30  as described in greater detail with respect to  FIG. 2C  below. 
         [0048]    After selecting the documents from one or more sub portals as discussed above, the Delivery and Usage Options sub-portal (ST 19 ) is displayed to the user as shown in  FIG. 2B  by the document management system  1 . This sub-portal enables the user their copyright usage before ordering the document. Some examples of such usage include but are not limited to internal general business use, external business use or Food and Drug Administration (FDA) submission. An internal business use may preferably include normal business use within the company such as use for personal research or collaboration with fellow employees and external business use may preferably include normal business use not contained within the company, such as providing a copy to someone outside the company. Upon selection of the delivery and usage options in sub-portal (ST 19 ), the user is provided with a Shopping Cart sub-portal (ST 20 ) by the document management system  1 , which includes the selected documents added for delivery via the Delivery and Usage Options sub-portal (ST 19 ). Once the order is submitted, the Order Receipt sub-portal (ST 21 ) is displayed on the user&#39;s device  2 . 
         [0049]    Another sub-portal displayed on the Store Portal  220  of the user&#39;s device in  FIG. 2B  is the Order History (ST 3 , ST 9 , ST 15  and ST 16 ). Upon selection of the Order History, the user is provided access to several functions such as filter and select from the order history to view specific previously ordered documents in the dialog box (ST 15 ), view complete order history of the documents in the dialog box (ST  16 ), view details concerning his or her previous ordered documents in the Order Details dialog box (ST 3 ) and/or further reorder documents via a Reorder (ST 9 ) dialog box which is coupled to the Delivery and Usage Options (ST 19 ) sub-portal. 
         [0050]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Interface Module  5  is configured to present the user with the screen of “My Library” portal  230 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2C . This screen/page provides a portal to an additional sub-set of portals processed by the Collections Manager  10  and the Document Order Processor  40 , including but not limited to a My Library Personal Repository (ML 22 ), My Library Settings (ML  24 ), Recent Activity (ML 23 ), a Web Browser (ML 7 ), a Document Viewer (ML 11 , ML  25 ), View Details (ML 26 , ML 27 , ML 28 , ML 29  and ML 30 ) and a Company Repositories (ML 31 , ML 32  and ML 33 ). It is noted that the step numbers are not intended to imply any order or sequence, and that the sub-portals need not be executed in any order and can be performed independently, at any time or in any order upon selection of the desired sub-portal. By clicking on the “My Library” portal  230  on any of the screens automatically provides the user with access to the My Library Personal Repository sub-portal (ML 22 ). The My Library Personal Repository (ML 22 ) displays all of the user&#39;s documents (e.g., PDFs, MS Office documents, images, audio files, videos, link outs, citations/items of interest) via the GUI. This sub-portal can be filtered using keywords and/or tags and various other customizations from the My Library Settings menu sub-portal (ML 24 ). Additionally, the users recently viewed documents and/or citations on the My Library Personal Repository (ML 22 ) can also be accessed and viewed by the user via selection of the Recent Activity sub-portal (ML 23 ). 
         [0051]    Another sub-portal provided on the screen of the My Library portal  230  of the user&#39;s device in  FIG. 2C  is the Document Viewer (ML 11  and ML 25 ). Alternatively, the Document Viewer can be opened and launched by clicking on a thumbnail directly from “My Library” portal  230 . Selection of a document in My Library will open the document in the Document Viewer (ML 11 ). Upon touching or “clicking” the document, additional options appear (ML 25 ) such as General (document name, type, etc.), Citation (title, author(s), etc.), Alt IDs (PubMed ID, OCLC number, etc.), Tags (e.g. ‘Cancer’) and Email the document. Also available is a preview of additional pages in the document when scrolling, seen in ML 25 . Another sub-portal that may preferably be displayed by the GUI via the Interface Module  5  on the user&#39;s device is the View Details sub-portal (ML 26 ). In this sub-portal, users can customize various content such as general document information in the dialog box (ML  26 ), the citation information for the document in the dialog box (ML 27 ), personal document tags in the dialog box (ML 28 ) and alternate ids in the dialog box (ML 29 ). Some examples of the general document information (ML 26 ) include but not limited to Name, Type, Document Link and Information Link. A few examples of the citation information (ML 27 ) include but not limited to article, title, journal name, supplement, International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), electronic International Standard Serial Number (eISSN). Personal document tag (ML 28 ) may preferably include completely customizable keywords used to group like articles. Some examples of alternate ids include but not limited to PubMed Identifier (PMID) and Online Computer Library Center Control Number (OCLCNUM). Additionally, if the document is copyrighted or is a citation, the citation information can be emailed by the user to an external source (not shown) via a dialog box (ML 30 ) as shown in  FIG. 2C . If the document is not covered by a copyright restriction (e.g. a personal Word file), the user has the option to attach the document to the email. Another sub-portal provided on the My Library screen is a web browser provided to the user. Moreover, a user can preferably browse the Internet and save pages as link outs or associate web pages with items of interest. These pages are stored in the Client Collection Database  30  under the Company Repositories (ML 31 , ML 32 , and ML 33 ) sub-portal. A user may access his or her Company Repositories directly from this sub-portal. The Company Repositories sub-portal includes a Company Publication Holdings list in the dialog box (ML 32 ) which provides a list of journals and publications that the user has access to through subscriptions and publisher agreements. A user can order directly from the list or browse the publisher&#39;s website. The Company Repositories sub portal also includes an Article Holdings list in the dialog box (ML 33 ) which provides a list of articles that are copyright compliant documents accessible to the user. These articles are covered by an agreement for the user&#39;s company and are automatically added to the Article Holdings List (ML 33 ) so the users in the company can access these documents without having to pay for copyright again, in accordance with the Annual Copyright License (ACL) agreement with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC). 
         [0052]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Interface Module  5  is configured to present to the user a screen/page of the Settings sub-portal  240 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2D . The Settings portal screen/page provides some additional sub-portal application options processed by the Interface Module  5  that the user can modify and adjust based on his/her requirements. Some of these sub-portals include, but are not limited to, a General Tab (SE 34 - 37 ), an Account Tab (SE 38 ), a Billing Tab (SE  39 ), a Delivery Tab (SE 40 ), a Proxy Tab (SE 41 ), a Terms Tab and an About Tab (SE 43 ). It is noted that these sub-portals need not be executed in the sequential order suggested by the number of the steps, and can be carried out in any order or at anytime during the process flow upon selection of the particular sub-portal by the user. The General Tab (SE 34 ) sub-portal may be displayed to the user to provide the user with several ‘settings’ options that can be adjusted on this tab. Some of these options include, but are not limited to, allowing the user to reset Application Data in the dialog box (SE 35 ), to add Custom RSS Feeds in the dialog box (SE 36 ) and to add Custom Links in the dialog box (SE 37 ). Another relevant sub-portal displayed on the user&#39;s device  2  on  FIG. 2D  is the Account Tab (SE 38 ). This sub-portal gives the user the option to adjust his or her account settings across all of the user&#39;s devices and an option to sign in as a different user. The Billing Tab (SE 39 ) sub-portal provides the user an option to adjust their billing data across all of the user&#39;s devices. Also included on the Settings portal  230  of  FIG. 2D  is the Delivery Tab (SE 40 ) sub-portal that functions to present the user with options to modify his or her delivery profile(s) across all the users devices. Further displayed on the screen of Settings portal is the Proxy Tab (SE 41 ) sub-portal. The Proxy Tab (SE 41 ) sub-portal prompts the user to specify a login for a proxy sever (ex: EZproxy), which allows the user to access the company repositories and subscriptions without having to be within the company&#39;s internet protocol (IP) range. Another relevant sub-portal is the Terms Tab (SE 42 ) which specifies different terms for the user&#39;s account. Some of these terms may include but are not limited to standard or custom terms of usage for Mobile Library between the user and the system). A further sub-portal included in the screen of the Settings portal  230  of  FIG. 2D  is the About Tab (SE 43 ) which provides information about the Mobile Library Application, such as, for example, the software version and server. 
         [0053]    With reference to  FIG. 1 , the Interface Module  5  is a user-friendly graphical interface module configured to provide a user with access to the documents. The Interface Module  5  is communicatively connected to a client and a user via a user device  2 . The Interface Module  5  comprises a graphical user interface which provides an access point with which the user can interact for accessing and coordinating delivery of the documents managed by the Document Management System  1 . The Interface Module  5  is communicatively connected to an application, The Mobile Library Application, which resides on the client/user device  2 . The Mobile Library Application comprises a graphical user interface for a user to interact with the document management system  1 . The Mobile Library Application comprises a series of screens/pages logically connected in the manner described in detail below to provide the user with access to the functionality of the document management system  1 . These series of screen/pages are illustrated in  FIGS. 2A ,  2 B,  2 C and  2 D, described in detail below. 
         [0054]    As described above, the Collection Manager  10  and the Document Order Processor  40  of the Document Management System  1  are configured to provide access to much functionality onto the user device  2  via the interface module  5 . The details of the many processes of these functionalities provided by the Collection Manager  10  and the Document Order Processor  40  are provided herein below. 
         [0055]    In Steps A and B shown in  FIG. 3 , the Collection Manager  1 . 0  creates one or more client collections including internally-held documents that may be ordered as individual items through the Document Management System  1 . The Collection Manager  10  and the Rights Engine  20  communicate to associate each of the internally-held documents in the client collection with the appropriate usage rights and access rights. The client collections or groups may be configured and arranged according to the access rights and usage rights associated with the collection or the internally-held documents within the client collection. 
         [0056]      FIG. 4  illustrates a detailed process flow associated with Steps A and B of  FIG. 1 , in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in  FIG. 4 , the collection creation process comprises the following sub-processes: creation of an import format  102 , establishment of a new collection with defined access rights and usage rights  104 , and assignment of one or more data files  106 . 
         [0057]    In sub-process  102 , upon identification of the one or more internally-held documents to be included in a collection, a type of collection is determined. In this sub-process, the collection is categorized into one or more classifications, including, but not limited to, an article collection or a publication-based collection. Next, the data format for the one or more data or file formats are selected for the documents included in the collection. Exemplary data formats selected for the documents include, but are not limited to: Microsoft.Excel file format, Fixed ASCII file format, Marc21 file format, XML file format, Delimited file format, Tagged file format, and SGML file format. 
         [0058]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, each article or publication is described by a series of data points (for example—an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), Title, Author, etc.). The “Add Data Fields” box represents the process of mapping each of these data points from a field in the file to the applicable field in the Document Management System  1 . For example, a user may use a file (e.g., an Excel spreadsheet) including a list of publications and two data point columns—a first column including a title and a second column that includes an author name. For each publication in the list, the data points in the columns may be mapped to the appropriate ‘title’ and ‘author’ fields in the Document Management System  1 . Additionally, the data points may be manipulated as desired (i.e., edited, re-ordered, augmented, etc.) in the Document Management System  1 . 
         [0059]    In sub-process  104 , a new collection is created. According to this sub-process, for each new collection to be created, a collection type is selected. Exemplary collection types include, but are not limited to: an article collection, a publication collection, or a third party collection (i.e., a standard collection offered by a publisher which a client can purchase ‘as is’ such that a new collection need not be specifically created for a given client, but rather a client is provided access to a common, shared pre-existing third party collection). Next, the Collection Generator  10  assigns collection attributes to the collection. 
         [0060]    Next, in step  160 , the usage rights are associated with the new collection by the Rights Engine  20 . The usage rights include, but are not limited to, the terms and conditions related to clearance of the copyright associated with the documents in the collection. Lastly, the Rights Engine  20  establishes and associates the applicable access rights with the collection. The one or more client collections tagged with the usage rights and access rights are stored in the Client Collection  30 , a database communicatively connected to the Collection Manager  10 . The above-described parameters associated with a new collection are collectively referred to as the ‘collection settings’. The Collection Manager  10  may create any number of sub-collections or sub-groups of documents that are stored in the Client Collection  30 . 
         [0061]    As shown in  FIG. 3 , sub-process  106  includes the assignment of data files. The assignment of data files begins with the selection of a collection and the assignment of an appropriate import format, established in sub-process  102 . Collections and sub-collections that contain the attributes assigned to each data set are highly configurable, depending on how the client licenses the documents from the publishers. Next, an ‘upload’ type is defined for the collection. The upload type identifies the manner in which the documents are uploaded into the collection. Upload types supported by the Document Management System  1  of the present application include, but are not limited to, any suitable manual or automated file transfer means such as a single file upload or an FTP feed. In the event an FTP upload is selected, an FTP path is defined for the collection, the frequency and schedule details are determined (i.e., how often and when the FTP upload is conducted—e.g., once, daily, weekly, monthly, etc.), and the FTP options are set (i.e., the username, passwords, subdirectories, and other FTP-related attributes are defined). Optionally, additional attributes may be associated with the assigned data files. These attributes may be used to determine how the data is to be treated. For example, the ‘Test’ option allows for testing of the data import without actually importing the data, thereby permitting a client to determine the validity of the data and the defined format before importing into the system. In another example, the “Ignore Blanks” option serves as a command to the Document Management System  1  to skip blank lines instead of considering them invalid records. 
         [0062]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the new collection with the assigned data file(s) and assigned import format(s) are entered into a queue for upload into the Client Collection  30 . Optionally, in step  154 , the Collection Generator  10  checks for any pending ‘import approvals’ for imports which require approval by the client before the import can be performed. This option can be additionally defined to only require approval by the client when a certain number of invalid records are found. When approval is required, the Document Management System  1  runs the import in test mode, determining what the outcome of the actual import would be without importing the data. Next, the Document Management System  1  requests approval from the client. The client may then inspect the results of the test and decide whether to approve the import (and therefore allow the data to actually be imported) or reject it. Next, in optional step  156 , the import history is updated and one or more ‘import event’ notifications are sent, in optional step  158 . As used herein, an import event is intended to include, but is not limited to, a means to setup electronic notifications (e.g., an e-mail) to one or more users when certain activity occurs within the Document Management System  1 , such as, for example, an “Import Complete” event which calls for the sending of an electronic communication to a user that requested a given import upon completion of the import. This electronic communication may contain various statistics about the import. 
         [0063]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, when steps  102 ,  104 , and  106  are repeated they result in the creation of a plurality of collections. Optionally in step  150 , a fulfillment prioritization may be determined for a document which is contained in more than one collection to determine which of the collections is given priority when fulfilling an order. For example, if a particular document referred to as ‘document D’ is contained in Collection C1 and Collection C2, then Collection C1 may be assigned priority ahead of Collection C2, and the Document Management System  1  will initially attempt to fill a request for document D from Collection C1. If the attempt fails, the Document Management System  1  then attempts to fulfill a request from Collection C2. 
         [0064]    Optionally, in step  152 , a copyright clearance prioritization is performed. Like the fulfillment prioritization described above, the Document Management System  1  may perform a clearance prioritization wherein for a document subject to more than one copyright restriction, the Document Management System  1  assigns a priority ranking to the two or more applicable copyrights and ‘clears’ the copyrights in accordance with the priority ranking (i.e., the highest priority copyright is cleared first, etc.). 
         [0065]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the Document Management System  1  comprises a Document Order Processor  40  communicatively connected to a plurality of users, the Client Collection  30 , the System Collection  50 , and the Compliance Module  60 . The Document Order Processor  40  is a computer module configured to receive an order for a requested document from a user (Step C in  FIG. 3 ), identify the requested document in the Client Collection  30  and/or the System Collection  50  (Step D in  FIG. 3 ), and, following a compliance check, deliver the requested document to the user (Step F in  FIG. 3 ) anytime and anywhere on any of the users&#39; devices. 
         [0066]      FIG. 4  illustrates a detailed process flow associated with Step C of  FIG. 3  (i.e., the order placement step), in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 4 , an order for one or more requested documents may be initiated by a user and received by the Document Order Processor  40  via an order by search  118 , an order by form  122 , and/or an order by citation  120 . An order by search  118  may be initiated by a user in instances where the user does not have the details relating to the requested document and wishes to perform a search of the Client Collection  30  and/or System Collection  50  in order to identify the requested document, as shown in Step D of  FIG. 3 . One having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the user may perform a catalog-based search  114 . 
         [0067]    As shown in operation  164  of  FIG. 5 , the Document Order Processor  40  determines the method or type used for the document search. Furthermore, operations  166 ,  168 , and  170  involve the definition of various exemplary search criteria/terms. For example, the user may enter one or more specific search terms in operation  170  and the Document Order Processor  40  searches for one or more documents that match those terms in accordance with the type of search selected (in operation  164 ) and the search limitations imposed (operations  166  and  168 ). Matching documents are then presented to the user in order of matching relevancy. The user can then select a document and proceed to order it (via the Order Form  122 ) 
         [0068]    According to the order by search  118  sub-processes, the Document Order Processor  40  provides the user with a search form including one or more fields designed to illicit information and details concerning the one or more documents the user is seeking. The search form may include one or more fields relating to the search type  164  which identifies the type of search to be performed by the Document Order Processor  40 . Exemplary search types  164  for use in accordance with embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, a ‘starts with’ title search, an ‘exact match’ title search, a standard number search (e.g., an ISSN, an International Standard Book Number (ISBN), etc.), a search for a unique identifier assigned to a document by the Document Management System  1 , a publisher-specific identifier (e.g., a PubMed identifier, a CODEN identifier, etc.), a keyword search, a Table of Contents  116  search, and an ‘advanced’ search. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the advanced search may include a form having a number of pre-selected fields which are consistent with the document order form  122 , described in greater detail below. 
         [0069]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the order form  122  may be populated with information associated with the one or more requested document identified according to any of items or operations  116 ,  164 ,  166 ,  168 , or  170 . 
         [0070]    Next, as shown in  FIG. 5 , the Document Management System  1  prompts the user to select a category or genre  166  for the desired document(s). Exemplary genres  165  for use in accordance with embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, journals, publications, books, patents, patent publications, papers, proceedings, articles, blogs, electronic mail, newsletters, ‘all’ (searches the entire Client Collection  30  and/or System Collection  50 ), ‘all’ with a qualifying term (e.g., ‘all patents’), ‘only’ with a qualifying term (e.g., ‘only journals’). The user may further select one or more collections  168  to be searched and/or base the search on one or more specific search terms. The data compiled by the Document Order Processor  40  in steps  164 ,  166 ,  168 , and/or  170  is collectively referred to as the ‘search logic’. 
         [0071]    In Step D of  FIG. 3 , the Document Order Processor  40  performs a search of the Client Collection  30  and/or System Collection  50  in accordance with the search logic in order to identify the requested document, and returns the results of the search including a list of potential matches  124 , herein referred to as the ‘matchlist’. The System Collection  50  is a robust computer-based database including a plurality of documents from a variety of publishers and other External Resources  70 . According to an embodiment of the present invention, the System Collection  50  may include documents from any suitable source and/or publisher, including, but not limited to: the Thompson ISI print and e-collection database, the ISSN.org database, the Medline database, the PubMed database, the Google Scholar database, etc. 
         [0072]    The matchlist  124  is presented to the user and he/she may select one or more entries from the matchlist in order to advance to the next stage of the ordering process. Optionally, the user may review the initial matchlist  124  and further refine his or her search, whereby the refined search logic is used to conduct one or more subsequent searches, until the one or more desired documents are identified. As shown in  FIG. 5 , upon selection of the requested document(s), the order form  122  is automatically populated with the document information required to complete the order, as described in detail below. 
         [0073]    As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the Document Order Processor  40  is configured to receive orders initiated by the user via an order form  122 . The exemplary order form  122  presented in  FIG. 5  includes the following sections to be completed by the user and/or automatically populated by the Document Order Processor  40 : 1) a section identifying document order information relating to the requested document(s); 2) a section relating to the user&#39;s usage scenario; 3) a section relating to the desired delivery/fulfillment options; 4) a section relating to the tracking of the order; and 5) a section relating to any special services relating to the order that are desired by the user. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the document order information may include, but is not limited to, the title, order type (e.g., article, book, patent, etc.), and/or any other reference or identifying information (e.g., author, issue, volume, pages, std number, name, Digital Object identifier (DOI), etc.) 
         [0074]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Document Order Processor  40  is configured to perform Step D in  FIG. 3  by searching the Client Collection  30  and/or System Collection  50  using at least a portion of the information provided in section  1  of the order form  122 . Optionally, upon identification of a matchlist  124 , the user may be iteratively prompted to further refine the initial search, and the refined search logic may be used to conduct one or more subsequent searches until the one or more desired documents are identified. 
         [0075]    The usage scenario section of the order form  122  may prompt the user to provide his or her usage scenario information, including, but not limited to, the number of copies requested, the individual or individuals for whom the ordered is placed, a geographic location of the intended recipients of the requested document, and the intended use of the document. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the usage scenario section of the order form  122  may include a pre-configurable list of acceptable usage scenarios from which the user may choose. The list may be adapted by the Document Management System  1  to include usage criteria options that are associated with and directed by the usage rights defined in the contract associated with a requested document. 
         [0076]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the delivery/fulfillment section of the order form  122  allows the user to specify whether the user is already in possession of a copy of the document and is ordering the requisite copyright permission, the urgency level of the order, the method of delivery (i.e., hard-copy and/or electronic format), the intended recipient(s) of the requested document, designation of a pre-configured and customized ‘delivery profile’  174  and/or any other suitable delivery attributes. As used herein, the term ‘delivery profile’ is intended to include, but is not limited to, a set of delivery attributes that may be customized for a particular user such that the profile is selectable for use in the placement of subsequent orders. Optionally, the information contained in the delivery profile  174  may be used to complete portions of the usage scenario, including identifying the user&#39;s geographic location. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the special services section of the form may be completed with information included in the collection settings associated with the requested document, as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
         [0077]    As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , an order by citation  120  may be initiated by a user and received by the Document Order Processor  40 . In this scenario, the user may submit one or more document citations (e.g., by copying and pasting a document citation from an external source such as PubMed, OVID, etc.) to the Document Order Processor  40  according to any suitable input mechanism, including, for example, a standard text field. In step  162 , the Document Order Processor  40  automatically parses and recognizes the submitted citation(s). 
         [0078]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Document Order Processor  40  employs a combination of template recognition, pattern matching, recursive ‘element’ determination and element weighting to extract the desired elements from a typical citation. As used herein, the term “element” is intended to include, but is not limited to, a discrete piece of information that makes up a citation, such as, for example, a Title, Author or Publication Name. The Document Order Processor  40  inspects the citation structure against a set of known citation templates to determine if the citation is one of the known forms. If a match is determined, the citation is parsed according to a parsing algorithm associated with the identified template. 
         [0079]    The citation parsing process utilizes a combination of predetermined element placement, specific extraction code, and in some cases where parts of the known template citation are complex, generic processing, as described below. If the Document Order Processor  40  cannot match the citation to a known form, then generic processing is used. Generic processing of a citation is performed by creating a set of ‘candidates’ (i.e., possible matches or interpretations of the inputted citation), each of which contain a set of weighted elements, and the candidate with the highest combined weight of its elements is selected as the best match. 
         [0080]    The process of creating one or more candidates entails a series of steps wherein during each step a particular desired element is identified within the candidate. If in a given candidate a particular element is identified in more than one location, a new candidate is created for each identified element and each of these candidates is processed in the next step. For example, if a given candidate has the following content, “Conference 2005 Notes, January 2006” and the element being identified is the ‘date’ element, the system would match both “2005” and “January 2006”. This would create two candidates with the first identifying “2005” as the date element and the second identifying “January 2006” as the date element. 
         [0081]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, elements are identified by a combination of pattern matching, placement in relation to other known elements and allowable content for the particular element. The element identification process tokenizes the available content based on the element being searched. The tokens are then grouped according to the matching of predefined patterns or allowable content. Each group is then validated as being an acceptable match for the given element, and if valid, considered an identified element. Elements are weighted based on a combination of factors including, but not limited to, the number of tokens in the element, the location of the element within the citation, the location of the element in relation to other known elements in the citation, the location of the element in relation to known special terms in the citation, and the ranking of the template pattern used to determine the element. 
         [0082]    An example of the weighting determination described above may include the assignment of a ‘higher’ weight to an ‘author’ element if it is near the beginning of the citation versus the end of the citation. In another example, a ‘title’ element may be weighted based on the number of words in the title. In yet another example, an ‘issue’ element may be assigned a higher weight if it determined that the issue element is adjacent to a ‘volume’ element. In another example, a ‘date’ element in the form of “January 2005” may be weighted higher than a date element in the form of “1 2005”.The parsed citations along with user-submitted information are used to complete the order form  122 . The Document Order Processor  40  then queries each of the submitted citations. 
         [0083]    One having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the order form  122  shown in  FIG. 5  represents an example of a form suitable for use in accordance with the Document Management System  1 , and that alternative sections may be included in the order form  122 . 
         [0084]    Following identification of the requested document(s) by the Document Order Processor  40 , the identified document(s) are reviewed by the Compliance Module  60  to verify compliance with the applicable usage rights and access rights relating to the requested document(s) and/or the user, as shown in Step E of  FIG. 3 . The Compliance Module  60  is a computer module configured to review the collection or sub-collection to which the requested document belongs and review the associated usage and access rights. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the usage and access rights may be linked to one or more ‘rights aliases’  172  which are displayed in the order form  122  for selection by the user at the time of placing the order. The rights aliases  172  present the user with the available usage scenarios associated with the requested document, thereby notifying the user of the permitted uses of the document. The user may then enter his or her intended use consistent with the applicable rights aliases  172 . 
         [0085]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Compliance Module  60  is configured to compare the user and order to the usage and access rights and determine what, if any, additional rights or permissions are required in order to the user to gain access to the requested document. The Compliance Module  60  reviews each requested document on a document-by-document basis to determine the permissions associated with use of the document in Step E of  FIG. 3 . The review of the applicable permissions associated with a requested document may be based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to the user&#39;s identity, the profile of the document being ordered including applicable usage rights including any limitations regarding the usage of the document. The permissions associated with a document are provided by the applicable publisher contract. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the permissions and usage rights derived from the publisher contracts may be extracted and input into the Client Collection  30  and/or System Collection  50  and associated with the profile of a collection and/or individual document. In addition, the Client Collection  30  and/or System Collection  50  may also include the usage rights for the plurality of users associated with the company, such that both the contract-based permissions and user-based usage rights may both be referenced and reviewed during the verification process of Step E. Advantageously, the automated review of the publisher contracts and user usage rights by the Compliance Module  60  allows for an efficient and reliable mechanism for performing copyright clearance and maintaining compliance with existing publisher contracts. 
         [0086]    For example, the Compliance Module  60  may review the usage rights (originating from the applicable publisher contract) and determine that the user must purchase a copyright license for the requested document at a copyright fee of $10.00 and limit the number of reproductions the user can make to two (2). The copyright fee and limitations on use are presented to the user prior to the order being finalized, thereby allowing the user to make an informed, cost-conscious purchasing decision. 
         [0087]    Optionally, according to an embodiment of the present invention, after the Compliance Module  60  identifies the usage rights and access rights associated with the documents listed in the matchlist, the Document Order Processor  40  may present the user with the applicable usage rights and/or access rights. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Document Order Processor  40  may provide the user with a mechanism for obtaining and/or purchasing the appropriate rights/permissions necessary for the user to obtain the document, in accordance with the document&#39;s usage rights and/or access rights. In order to determine the user&#39;s intended use of the document (herein the ‘usage scenario’), the order form  122  may include fields designed to illicit information from the user concerning the user&#39;s usage scenario. The usage scenario information may include, but is not limited to, the number of copies desired; the name(s), title(s), location(s), or other organizational information relating to the individual or individuals for whom the documents are being ordered; and a description of the intended use. 
         [0088]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, having received a completed and compliant order form  122 , the Document Order Processor  40  is configured to validate the order  126  and deliver the requested document(s) to the user. In the order validation step, the Document Order Processor  40  displays to the user the possible matches for an item being ordered. Once the user confirms that the item he or she wishes to order is correct (or in the case of multiple matches, the user identifies the desired document), the Document Order Processor  40  calculates and displays pricing information for that item. 
         [0089]      FIG. 6  illustrates a number of modules that may optionally be included in the Document Management System  1 , according to embodiments of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 6 , the optional queues include an Advanced Referencing Queue  134 , a Manual Copyright Clearance Queue  136 , a Manual Document Identification Queue  138 , a Manual Fulfillment Queue  140  and a Manual Delivery Queue  144 . 
         [0090]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Advanced Referencing Queue  134  is a computer-accessible storage configured to store orders wherein special services were requested by the user, orders including incomplete or inaccurate citations, and/or orders for documents that were not located or identified by the Document Order Processor  40 . The Advanced Referencing Queue  134  is accessed by a worker and the worker attempts to identify the requested document using one or more tools. 
         [0091]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Document Management System  1  may comprise a Manual Copyright Clearance Queue  136  wherein orders are placed for which a copyright clearance source cannot be found, either via client collections or system collections. A human operator associated with the Document Management System  1  may review the Manual Copyright Clearance Queue  136 , research possible copyright clearance sources for the order and “resolve” the clearance status of the order. There are several possible resolutions for the clearance check including, but not limited to: a) a source of a clearance (i.e., a copyright-compliant provider of the requested document) and associated clearance costs are identified, b) a determination that the document is in the public domain and no copyright clearance is needed, or c) a source can not be identified and the order is cancelled. 
         [0092]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Document Management System  1  may comprise a Manual Document Identification Queue  138  wherein orders are placed for which a fulfillment source cannot be found, either via client collections or system collections. A human operator associated with the Document Management System  1  may then researches possible sources for the order. If a source is found, the Document Management System  1  provides the document to the user in fulfillment of the order. If a source cannot be found, the order is cancelled. 
         [0093]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Document Management System  1  may comprise a Manual Fulfillment Queue  140  wherein orders are placed that cannot be filled automatically by the Document Management System  1 , but for which a source is known. For example, the Document Management System  1  may be aware of a library that includes the desired document, and, accordingly the Document Management System  1  will place the order in this queue. A human operator may then retrieve the document from the identified library and provide a copy of the document to the Document Management System  1 . 
         [0094]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the Document Management System  1  may comprise a Manual Delivery Queue  144  wherein orders are placed that have special delivery requirements, such as the need to be mailed or faxed. 
         [0095]    An additional queue referred to as the Order Management queue comprises computer-accessible storage configured to store and present a real-time view of all orders and pending transactions, relating to both internal and external documents, being processed by the Document Management System  1 . An administrator of the Document Management System  1  may then review the pending orders and check, cancel, suspend, expedite, modify and/or provide a status update relative to a particular order. 
         [0096]    It is to be understood that the exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and that many variations of the above-described embodiments may be devised by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. It is therefore intended that all such variations be included within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.