Abstract:
The present invention discloses appropriate layout design of a single mask and proper operation of exposing device in the process of semiconductor production for reducing diffraction effects caused by tiny pattern in exposing process, therefore effectively enhances the resolution in exposing process, and increases the yield.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a mask layout and exposing device in the process of semiconductor production, and more particularly to a symmetrical layout using pattern of a single mask and the method of the same. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     During the last decade, due to the prospering wireless communication industry, the band of electromagnetic wave used has reached that of microwave, 1 GHz˜300 GHz. And under the trend of minimization of products, the need of microwave elements, such as filter, surface acoustic wave device, and spiral inductor on some active elements, has increased. With the aid of fast-developing technique of semiconductor production, the trend drives on the mass production and low price of microwave elements, matching the elements with the commercial demand at a high speed. However, as the frequency range of microwave elements increases, concerning product integration and cost of production equipment, there are some lithography problems encountered in the process of microwave element production. The most difficult one is diffraction effects produced in exposing process. 
     Because of diffraction effects in the lithography process, in addition to the normally incident rays of light, some light propagates at divergent angles. As device geometries shrink, the phenomenon will result in sufficient resolution. Therefore when tiny pattern is exposed, there will be incomplete exposure on photoresist formed on the chip, and due to the spread of illuminant energy, there will be a chemical change on the photoresist, which, originally, does not need exposure. It will result in organic residue or incomplete shape of overhang or T-Top after development process, and thus affects following lift-off process. The organic residue may cause poor adhesion of thin film, such that the metal film peels off easily. The lift-off may be incomplete and thus causes residual metal film. In these situations, the elements will have short circuits or incomplete contacts, and thus become failure products. 
     Take a surface acoustic wave device (SAW) that has the simplest process of production for example. Surface acoustic wave is an elastic wave that spread along the surface of a solid body, the elliptical locus of which is composed by longitudinal wave and shear wave. Its largest amplitude is on the surface of a solid body and declines exponentially as the wave goes deeper, so 90% of the mechanical energy it transmits centers on the depth of about one wavelength. The basic functioning principle of SAW is to transduce input electric signal into acoustic signal by interdigital transducer (IDT) through reverse voltage effects and the acoustic signal is transmitted along the surface of piezoelectric substrate and then transduced into output electric signal by IDT through positive piezoelectricity effects. Thus SAW is a signal processing device on piezoelectric substrate using the principle of transducing acoustic and electric energy. 
     The electrical performance of SAW basically corresponds with geometrical pattern of IDT, the center frequency of which depending on the width of interval of periodic IDT, the phase of which corresponding with the position of IDT, and the amplitude of which corresponding with the length of overlaying of IDT. 
     The focus of discussion is then concentrated on the distance between adjacent IDT. According to the above mentioned, the center frequency of SAW depends on the interval of IDT. Generally speaking, it can be decided by the following equation,
 
 V=f 0λ, 
 
in which
         V is the SAW acoustic velocity of piezoelectric substrate;   f0 is the center frequency of SAW device;   λ is the wavelength of SAW device.       

     For a SAW filter operating at 2.5 GHz, with piezoelectric substrate Lithium Tantalate having an acoustic velocity of about 4000 m/s, the wavelength (λ) of said SAW filter is about 1.6 μm based on the above equation. The width of interval of adjacent IDT on SAW filter (d) is generally designed to be one-fourth of the wavelength (λ/4), therefore the interval of adjacent IDT can be further figured out to be 0.4 μm. If the center frequency of SAW filter is designed to be higher, for example, 5 GHz, then under the premise that the conditions above do not change, the interval of adjacent IDT of SAW filter will be down to 0.2 μm. 
     In semiconductor industry, it is very common to fabricate 0.4 μm (even lower) linewidth device by using advanced stepper, but it is very difficult to justify to invest such expensive stepper for economically manufacturing SAW devices. Hence, so-called cost-effective I-Line stepper with optimum resolution 0.4˜0.7 μm became the main exposer in SAW industry. However, when to produce a SAW filter having the center frequency of 2.5 GHz by I-Line stepper, there will be diffraction effects in the exposure, so decreases the yield of products. 
     In order to overcome the exposing restrictions imposed by diffraction, a “Method of Making Surface Wave Devices” is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,972,568, the feature of which is to divide IDT on surface acoustic wave into two subsets and provide the two subsets on the same mask. The fabrication methods can be illustrated by  FIGS. 1   a  to  1   c.    
     Typically, the lithography process is to divide a wafer into a plurality of shots, then the exposure is proceeded along X axis or Y axis by exposer, and one exposure is made through projection each time the exposer moves for a distance of one shot. In the producing method  FIG. 1   a , the first part of IDT pattern on reticle will be exposed one shot after another by blinding the second part. After the exposure of all shots is completed, the exposer will return to the starting position (first shot) and then the second part of IDT pattern is exposed one shot after another by blinding the first part. Finally, the exposure of the whole IDT pattern of surface acoustic wave element is completed, and the following procedure is then proceeded. Since the first and second parts symmetrically divide IDT pattern into two parts, the interval of adjacent IDT on the first and second parts is increased from 0.4 μm to 0.8 μm. As the interval of adjacent IDT increases, the diffraction effects can be reduced effectively, but time for exposure also doubles. Besides, it is emphasized in the patent that the method claims precise alignment and does not have the problem of overlaying. In fact, owing to that the exposures of the first and second parts are proceeded consecutively without development process between, there is no alignment key on the chip for the recognition of pattern&#39;s position. After the wafer stage moved lot of shots for the exposure of first part and returned to starting position for the exposure of second part, there is still inaccuracy of displacement in the practical operation of exposer. Consequently, in the process of  FIG. 1   a , when the patterns of first and second parts are exposed, it is very difficult to control their relative overlaying positions. Maybe for this reason, another producing method that can control the alignment of relative overlaying position of two parts is disclosed in the patent, referring to  FIG. 1   b.    
     Comparing  FIG. 1   b  with  FIG. 1   a , the largest difference is that after the exposure of the first part on reticle is completed, the development process is made to form an alignment key on the chip. After the exposure of first part is completed and the wafer stage returns to the starting position (first shot), the recognition of pattern&#39;s position will be made according to the alignment key, and then the exposure of second part is then proceeded. Therefore, the exposing result of  FIG. 1   b  will be more precise than that of  FIG. 1   a , but comparing with the production time of  FIG. 1   a , there will be additional time needed for one development and one in/out of exposer in that of  FIG. 1   b.    
     In addition, another optional producing method is also disclosed in the patent, referring to  FIG. 1   c . The difference from  FIG. 1   a  and  FIG. 1   b  is that after the IDT of first part is produced by exposed, developed, deposited with metal and lift-off, the wafer is then returned to the exposer for the exposure of second part. Since an alignment key has been created on the chip, the pattern recognition will be made first after the wafer is returned to the exposer for exposure of second part, and the following procedure of production is then made. Although more precise overlaying result can be obtained in  FIG. 1   c , one additional producing procedure of IDT has to be made, which means at least eight more process items in the procedure. 
     Obviously, the diffraction effects can be reduced by the producing methods disclosed in the prior paten, but there is still great possibility for improvement in the aspects of pattern alignment method and production cycle time. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Concerning the defect of diffraction effects caused by tiny pattern in the lithography process in the above background of invention, the present invention discloses a mask layout and exposing method to reduce diffraction effects in semiconductor production. The disclosure can contribute to the resolution enhancement in lithography process and higher product yield without increasing the number of mask and production time. 
     In the present invention, with appropriate design of mask layout and proper operation of exposing method in the process of semiconductor production, the diffraction effects caused by tiny pattern in lithography process can be reduced. The feature of mask layout is to divide one tiny pattern on a mask into two patterns located on two equal sections of the same mask through symmetrical design. Based on such mask layout, the two patterns will have wider interval of adjacent IDT than that of original tiny pattern. By using stack exposure and controlling the displacement of each exposure shot, the original tiny pattern can be created. The merits of such mask layout are that the resolution in exposing process can be effectively enhanced and the yield of product can be increased without increasing the number of mask, almost without increasing the time of production, and furthermore, without concerning the problem of alignment of pattern. 
     The present invention first provides a mask layout that reduces diffraction effects in semiconductor production, on which are two equally divided symmetrical patterns located on two sections of the same mask substrate. 
     The present invention further provides an exposing method that reduces diffraction effects in the process of semiconductor production, comprising: providing a mask having two sections with pattern matching being equally divided on said mask, only the light of specific energy produced by an exposer being able to go through according to the layout pattern on said mask section in exposing process; exposing a chip, said exposing procedure using said mask, one exposure being made to a first shot by said exposer to expose pattern of second section of the mask on the right half of said first shot; then said exposer moving for a distance of half shot in continual exposing procedure; then, exposing said chip for the second time, said second exposing procedure using said mask, another exposure being made to said first shot by said exposer to expose pattern of first section of the mask on the right half of said first shot to make a complete pattern. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1   a  to  FIG. 1   c  are diagrams of prior techniques. 
         FIG. 2   a  and  FIG. 2   b  are diagrams of mask layout of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3   a  is a flow chart of process of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3   b  is a flow chart of exposure of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram of position of chip and mask in exposing process of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The following is detailed description of the present invention. In the description of semiconductor production in the following, the complete process of exposure and of producing products is not included. The prior arts used continually by the present invention are only summarized to support the description of the present invention. All the diagrams used in the present invention are only to illustrate the mask layout and feature of exposing method in the present invention and not made in practical proportions. 
     The present invention first provides a mask layout that reduces diffraction effects in semiconductor production, on which are two equally divided symmetrical patterns located on two sections of the same mask substrate. 
     The present invention further provides an exposing method that reduces diffraction effects in the process of semiconductor production, comprising: providing a mask having two sections with pattern matching being equally divided on the mask, only the light of specific energy produced by an exposer being able to go through according to the layout pattern on the mask section in exposing process; exposing a chip, the exposing procedure using the mask, one exposure being made to a first shot by the exposer to expose pattern of second section of the mask on the right half of the first shot; then the exposer moving for a distance of half shot in continual exposing procedure ; then , exposing said chip for the second time, the second exposing procedure using the mask, another exposure being made to said first shot by said exposer to expose pattern of first section of the mask on the right half of said first shot to make a complete pattern. 
     In order to disclose the difference between the present invention from the prior technique, the process of producing IDT of SAW filter is mainly used to illustrate the difference in the following detailed description. 
     What is shown in  FIG. 2   a  and  FIG. 2   b  is layout on a mask of the present invention. The mask is equally divided into two sections, including the first section and the second section, in which are a plurality of identical patterns. Furthermore, patterns in the first section and second section are symmetrical but not identical patterns. A complete pattern can be created after stack exposing procedure of the first and second section is finished. Take SAW filter for example. After the stack exposure of patterns on the first and second sections is finished, a complete pattern of IDT can be obtained. Besides, in the layout of mask of the present invention, the symmetrical pattern in each section is not confined to oblong. For example, in order to equip surface acoustic wave element with larger amplitude, the shape of IDT can be designed as symmetrical pattern with appropriate radian. For another example, in order to make a circle or square spiral inductor on an active element (such as power amplifier; PA), the pattern can be designed to be symmetrical with circle or square. 
       FIG. 3   a  is a procedure for producing IDT of SAW filter of the present invention, and  FIG. 3   b  is a detailed sub-procedure of exposing procedure  300  in  FIG. 3   a , describing exposing method of the present invention. Generally speaking, in the lift-off process of producing metal thin-film, usually the process of two layers of photoresist is chosen to achieve the undercut profile. First, a lower photoresist  100  is coated on a wafer. In order to achieve lift-off effect, the lower photoresist  100  is usually PMMA or PMGI. After soft-baking, a photoresist layer  200 , usually being positive photoresist, is coated. The wafer is then set in the wafer stage and carried to the exposing position. After layout direction of the mask is decided, an exposing procedure  300  is proceeded. 
     Exposing procedure is illustrated by  FIG. 3   b  and FIG.  4 . The exposing method of the present invention sets the distance that each time the exposer&#39;s stage (which is not displayed in the  FIG. 4 ) carries wafer  10  to move to be “half of a shot  20 .” Take the exposure of IDT for example. Procedure  310  is first carried out after an exposer receives exposing command, one exposure being made to a first shot. Therefore on the left half of the first shot is exposed through pattern of the first section  31  on a mask  30 , and on the right half of the first shot is exposed through pattern of the second section  32  on mask  30 . A procedure  320  is then carried out, the exposer moving for a distance of half of the shot in the direction of X axis and another exposure being made; at this time, on the right half of first shot is exposed through pattern of the first section  31  on mask  30 , a complete pattern of IDT being finished on the right half of first shot, and on the left half of second shot is exposed through pattern of the second section  32  on mask  30 ; after the exposer makes another displacement along the X axis (or moving a distance of half of the shot to the right) and carries out another exposure, on the left half of second shot is exposed through pattern of first section  31  on mask  30 , the IDT being completed, and on the right half of second shot is exposed through pattern of second section  32  on mask  30 . Then with this method, a continual exposing procedure is carried out by using the controlling precision of the displacement of exposer itself, and the exposing procedure of IDT pattern on the whole wafer is completed in a way similar to stake exposure. 
     Since the present invention carries out continual exposing procedure by controlling precision of displacement of exposer itself, the problem of overlaying and alignment of the first section  31  and the second section  32  in the exposing process can be completely solved. Besides, the total moving distance of exposer for the exposure of whole wafer is not increased, so production time is still controllable. Therefore, the exposing method of the present invention effectively reduces the diffraction effects without the problem of overlaying and alignment of pattern or need of extending production time. In other words, the process capability of line width can be reduced to a half, and IDT with smaller line width can be produced by using the original equipment with the mask layout and operation of exposing method described by the present invention. 
     After the exposure of wafer  10  is completed, development  500  is then carried out for an upper photoresist. Wafer  10  is then sent to deep UV aligner for flood exposure process  600  and developed by process  700 . Since the diffraction effects have been reduced, after the development of upper/lower photoresist is completed, overhang or T-Top profile on upper photoresist can be observed from a microscope or scanning electron microscope (SEM). An appropriate undercut is suitable for lift-off process. Hence, after the evaporation of a metal thin-film layer  800  is completed, upper/lower photoresist  900  can be easily removed to create a fine IDT pattern on wafer  10 . 
     In the mask layout and exposing method described in the present invention, a continual stack exposure is carried out on the upper photoresist based on the controllable precision of exposer itself, so there is no problem of overlaying and alignment of pattern. In  FIG. 1   a , two times of exposure are carried out on the upper photoresist, therefore, not only the time of exposure is longer, but there is also a problem overlaying and alignment of pattern. In  FIG. 1   b , although the problem of overlaying and alignment of pattern is solved, the time of production is longer than that of  FIG. 1   a . Therefore, the present invention, comparing with the prior technique, is obviously more advanced and commercially applicable. 
     Although the producing method of IDT of specific frequency, of specific linewidth, and of SAW is described in the present invention, the method of the present invention is not limited in these descriptions. The mask layout and exposing method described in the present invention can also be applied in the process of producing other products. The preferred examples include: illuminant elements, such as vertical cavity surface emitted laser(VCSEL), laser diode(LD), and light emitted diode (LED) of high illumination, positive and negative electrodes on these elements already using structure of IDT to achieve the best uniform distribution of electric currents and thus enhance radiation effects of elements. Besides, square or circle coiling and higher coiling density are used in the process of producing spiral inductor on microwave element to achieve higher inductor value and higher Q factor. 
     All mentioned above are several preferred embodiments of the present invention and they are not to be confined to what is claimed by the present invention. To those who are skilled in this technological field, it is easy to understand and to put into practice. Therefore, those equal-effect changes or modifications completed within the spirits displayed in the invention should be included in what is claimed as follows.