Abstract:
The present invention relates to a camera based method for text input and detection of a keyword or of a text-part within page or a screen comprising the steps of: directing a camera module on the printed page and capturing an image thereof; digital image filtering of the captured image; detection of word blocks contained in the image, each word block containing most likely a recognizable word; performing OCR within each word block; determination of A-blocks among the word blocks according to a keyword probability determination rule, wherein each of the A-blocks contains most likely the keyword; assignment of an attribute to each A-block; indication of the A-blocks in the display by a frame or the like for a further selection of the keyword; further selection of the A-block containing the keyword based on the displayed attribute of the keyword; forwarding the text content as text input to an application.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/095,937, filed Apr. 28, 2011, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 or 365 to European Application No. 10161624.1, filed Apr. 30, 2010, now European Patent No. 2 383 970 B1. The entire teachings of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a method for a camera based electronic device and in particular for a camera based mobile communication device comprising an optical detection, a determination of possible keywords or text-parts and a further selection of a keyword or the text-part as text input for a current software application instead of typing said text in to said device. 
         [0003]    In particular the method replaces a manual typing of text into a mobile communication device by capturing an image of a printed page containing said text followed by a semi-automatic detection and selection of said text, which can be a keyword or a text-part, and using said text as text input for a current application running on the mobile communication device. As used in the context of the present description a page is intended as a printed page. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    Mobile communication devices with integrated camera module are further approaching the market and show up already a good market penetration and use in daily life, taking over the market of simpler mobile phones. Far beyond phoning and email reading they get used for taking pictures, for internet access and for other services including WAP services and camera based services. With an increasing interaction between the user and the mobile communication device and with increasing complexity of input data, the interface between the user and the mobile communication device gets more important. Better mobile phones and mobile communication devices from Research in Motion (Blackberry) and from Nokia (Communicator) for instance comprise a more complete keypad as they were mainly intended to be used for email reception and email sending besides a normal phoning. Following and latest mobile communication devices for instance from Apple (iPhone), Nokia, Motorola and others comprise an even bigger screen as touch-screen which allows a more convenient internet use, looking at pictures as well as such touch-screens give a much better data input possibility. The term “smart-phone”, for sake of clarity, is also found in the market and is represented herein by the term mobile communication device. Speech recognition via built in microphone and speech recognition algorithms can be used for selecting phonebook names and for a small amount of control commands. However in mobile communication devices the touch-screen or the built-in keypad is necessarily small and it is still cumbersome to input data as steadily new applications on the market require even more interaction with an increasing amount of data input. 
         [0005]    As an integration of camera modules in mobile phones and in mobile communication devices is already state of the art, there easier text input possibilities would be appreciated, as for instance using the build in camera module for text recognition and for an optical input of text. 
         [0006]    From EP-08 169 713 by the same inventors as of the current invention there is disclosed a method and a device for using a mobile communication device as a reading device for blind or visually impaired people. Therefore an image of the text page, which shall be read, is captured semi-automatically, the image data are then transformed via optical character recognition (OCR) to text data and the text data are then converted via text-to-speech software to audio data which are then output via a loudspeaker of the mobile communication device. The text data within a book page, a newspaper, a menu or the like get instantly recognized and read as an image of said text is captured, wherein a filtering inclusive shadow compensation, rotation of the text, binarization, unwarping and the like for a following OCR and text-to-speech conversion is processed. In essence EP-08169713 describes a method for image filtering of captured images containing text, wherein the image is captured with camera modules of a limited quality, as they are built in mobile phones or the like, adapted for optimized OCR results. 
         [0007]    From EP-09 161 549 of the same inventors as of the current invention there is disclosed a method for capturing an image, processing the image data, extracting text and objects thereof and sending this data via the same camera based mobile communication device to a server system for translations, for best price searches, for getting information about the local position and the like. There are described data communication channels with possible applications, which require input of respective keywords or text-parts as search targets. But keyword or text-part as search target has still to be typed in manually via the keypad of the mobile communication device. 
         [0008]    WO 2008/063822 A1 discloses and describes a method for a mobile communication device with integrated camera, wherein a video stream is analyzed in real time to detect a word within a central region of the image which is indicated by a cross-hair in the display. The so detected word is indicated then by a background color or by highlighting the word, which can be selected then as text input. This method is very useful as alternative text input possibility to a keypad. But the mobile communication device with its cross-hair has to be targeted on the desired keyword to be detected precisely which might be difficult sometimes. In fact, while holding a camera module, little angle variations of the camera module can effect big position variations of the captured text within the camera image. A keypress for capturing the image can often result in enough movement of the mobile communication device, such that the desired keyword is out of the center point of the captured image and so is not detected anymore. 
         [0009]    Reading a phone number on a text page which shall be used then for a phone call requires sometimes typing a thirteen digit long number (inclusive country code) in, which might be cumbersome, in particular for some senior people having no good short term memory anymore. So an easy optical method for a number recognition out of a text page and the conversion of said number as usable input for a mobile phone or the like would be an advantage. 
         [0010]    WO 2005/101193 discloses a system comprising a scanner and at least one display and/or a speaker to provide the user of the scanner an indication of actions available for a portion of a document from which scanned information is obtained. Therein the scanned information of the document is used either to identify the document among documents in a database or to identify via markups in the document next possible user actions, indicating the next possible actions on the display or via loudspeakers. Said disclosure comprises an intelligent identification process for the scanned information of the document. But not foreseen therein is a method applicable on mobile communication devices for a quick determination and indication of keywords within a scanned text and highlighting the keywords for a further selection. 
         [0011]    It would also be desirable to have a solution, wherein a user could hold a camera based mobile communication device over a text page whereupon an image containing the desired text-part is captured, the text-part gets detected and selected, whereof possible keywords get determined for a further selection of the desired keyword, and whereupon the further selected keyword gets taken as text input for a search application or for the like. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0012]    The invention is set forth and characterized in the main independent claims, while dependent claims describe other advantageous characteristics of the invention. 
         [0013]    The objective of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings explained above and to provide a camera based method for text input and detection of a keyword displayed on any page or screen by simply directing a camera module on a section of the page or the screen containing the keyword. 
         [0014]    In other words, the purpose of the invention is to provide a text input feature for a mobile communication device, wherein the keyword can be captured by the camera module, detected and selected as text input, instead of having to input the keyword manually via alphanumerical keys. 
         [0015]    Another objective is to provide a camera based method for text input and keyword detection, wherein the captured image of the text containing the keyword gets analyzed for finding out the most probable keywords thereof, whereupon the keyword can be further selected and taken as text input. 
         [0016]    Another objective is to provide a camera based method for text input and detection of a text-part comprising multiple words, wherein the captured image contains the text-part, the text-part get detected and further selected and taken as text input. 
         [0017]    Another objective of the present invention is that said camera based method for text input and keyword detection is operable on conventional mobile communication devices with a limited camera image quality and with a limited calculating power. 
         [0018]    The above objectives and purposes as well as further objectives and purposes which will become apparent from the following description are achieved by the features described in the independent claim and by additional features and characteristics described in the independent claims. 
         [0019]    As apparent from the foregoing, the present invention provides a camera based method fox text input and keyword detection out of any page, screen or display containing said keyword, wherein the camera module gets directed on the page, the image of the camera module containing said keyword or a text-part. The method runs on electronic devices with a connected or integrated camera module, preferably on mobile communication devices. 
         [0020]    As used in the present description, a mobile communication device is intended to mobile phones and electronic devices with an integrated or connected camera module Furthermore, the term keyword is intended to comprise in particular most likely one word or number, but it can also comprise multiple words as text-parts in some application cases. The term page can always also be a screen, display or the like containing displayed text and objects. 
         [0021]    The method according the present invention replaces a manual alphanumerical text or keyword input via a keypad by simply directing the camera module on the page or screen containing said keyword, capturing an image containing said text or keyword, whereupon in the keyword detection mode preferably all words in the captured image get analyzed according a keyword determination rule and indicated in the display for a further selection by the user. 
         [0022]    A preferred detection method takes into account attributes of the text words for the probability determination, such attributes being selected from a group including one or more of bold, underlined, hand underlined, being close to the center point of the captured image and being indicated by a fingertip. 
         [0023]    Another preferred detection method in regards to the probability determination for a detected word to be most likely the keyword takes into account also the text content which was detected via OCR and a database, wherein the database contains filler words which are assigned with a low probability and other words which are assigned with a higher probability, whereas the probability for a word being the keyword is calculated by multiple characteristics as distance to the center point, word attributes, respective probability parameter contained in the database and the application. 
         [0024]    Preferably the detected most likely keywords get indicated by a color background and overlaid numerals in the display of the mobile communication device so that the desired keyword can be then further selected by a simple respective keypress. 
         [0025]    Preferably the above camera based method for text input allows also a detection of a text-part comprising multiple words, wherein an underlined section can be detected and further selected as text-part or wherein the text-part is defined to be within a first keyword and a second keyword and whereas the first and second keyword has to be selected as described above. 
         [0026]    Another preferred method allows to capture an image of a text page containing a phone number, detecting the phone number and further selecting it for a running application which can be for instance making a phone call with that number. 
         [0027]    A solution of a preferred embodiment according the present invention is disclosed in the following drawings with detailed description but it shall not be limiting the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0028]      FIG. 1  is a drawing of a mobile communication device directed onto a page capturing an image of a section of the page. 
           [0029]      FIG. 2  shows an artifact reduced image of the section of the page containing text and lines. 
           [0030]      FIG. 3  shows detected word blocks within the artifact reduced image. 
           [0031]      FIG. 4  shows determined preselected A-blocks containing probable keywords within the artifact reduced image. 
           [0032]      FIG. 5  shows indicated attributes of the A-blocks as assignments for a further selection, within the artifact reduced image displayed on the mobile communication device. 
           [0033]      FIG. 6  is a table of listed word contents of the word blocks with characteristics for a probability calculation leading to the preselection of the A-blocks with indications as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
           [0034]      FIG. 7  shows an artifact reduced image of the section of the page containing text and a fingertip indicating the keyword. 
           [0035]      FIG. 8  shows two overlaid artifact reduced images of the section of the page containing text with a first position of the fingertip and a second position of the fingertip indicating a first keyword for a further selection and a second keyword for a further selection. 
           [0036]      FIG. 9  shows the artifact reduced image of the section of the page containing a “salad menu” comprising text and it shows indicated word blocks containing text-parts. 
           [0037]      FIG. 10  shows a flow diagram of a process for the detection and the selection of the keyword. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0038]      FIG. 1  gives an overview showing a mobile communication device  30  with an integrated camera module being directed onto a page  1  containing a keyword  7  which shall be detected and converted to characters used as text input for the mobile communication device  30  for a further operation within the current application, for instance for a translation or for a search for connected information or for the like. To make sure that the keyword  7  is within a field of view of the camera module the image  2   a  of the camera module, preferably as video stream, gets displayed in the display  32  of the mobile communication device  30 , showing the image  2   a  of a section of the page  1  containing the keyword  7 . The projective is to detect and select the keyword  7  as quickly, easily and intelligently as possible within a captured image  2   a  of the section of page  1  without using the keypad  31  for inputting all the characters of the keyword  7 . Upon being sure that the keyword  7  is covered by the image  2   a  of the camera module, the image  2   a  is captured by a simple keypress. 
         [0039]    In order to achieve a more robust recognition of word blocks  3  (to be described herein below with respect to  FIG. 3 ) and in particular to achieve a better OCR of detected and of a further selected A-block  4  (to be described hereinafter with respect to  FIG. 4 ), the captured image  2   a , which is mostly a contorted and warped representation of the section of the page  1 , gets preferably digitally filtered and corrected including contrast enhancement, shadow compensation, unwarping and rotation in order to obtain an artifact reduced image  2   b  with a substantially horizontal text alignment, which is shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0040]    The artifact reduced image  2   b  gets analyzed for image sections which contain preferably one single word, further called word blocks  3  ( FIG. 3 ). The detection of the word blocks  3  is achieved by digital pattern recognition algorithms based on recognition of text lines and thereupon of single characters and then of words. Therefore first of all a threshold has to be determined wherein the threshold is a degree for a decision whether a pixel belongs to a character or not; this can be performed and used in various sections of the artifact reduced image  2   b , respectively. Furthermore the text lines are detected by a histogram analysis, wherein all pixels row by row get summed up within a certain section of the artifact reduced image  2   b , wherein the text lines have a typical characteristic shape and have a significant higher histogram value than a blank line in between. Thereupon the characters get detected, which have substantially connected pixels. Thereupon the words get detected which have significant shorter distances between the characters than the characters between two words. Pictures and objects which do not comprise typical word characteristics, as described above, get discarded. The horizontal and vertical margins of a so detected word defines then the respective word block  3 . This is processed for all words detected in this way, resulting in the word blocks  3  shown as example in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0041]    Margin words  23  which are touching a margin of the captured image  2   a  or respectively of the artifact reduced image  2   b  get discarded. Image objects as for instance lines  20 ,  21  and  22  in the artifact reduced image  2   b  get analyzed as far as they are near a word. In fact, such image objects can be an underline as shown with reference numeral  24  in  FIG. 3 . Otherwise, if text-parts shall be detected, the analyzed lines and frames can be helpful for the detection of their margins. 
         [0042]      FIG. 4  shows the artifact reduced image  2   b  with highlighted A-blocks  4 , wherein A-blocks  4  among the word blocks  3  are determined as those word blocks  3  which contain most likely the keyword  7 . 
         [0043]    Therefore an OCR analysis of each word block  3  is performed to get its text content, whereas each text content as word is inserted into a word table  40  ( FIG. 6 ). If by mistake two words got detected within one word block  3  then two word blocks  3  are generated, each containing one word. According to the application of the camera based method for text input and keyword detection there is applied a keyword probability determination rule on each word, taking into account preferably various parameters and/or characteristics of the respective word. Such parameters can be preferably whether the word is a substantive beginning with a capital letter, the word is bold, the size of the word, the word is underlined, whether the word is mentioned within a database as a filler word with low probability or as a word with a higher probability, the count of the word within the captured image, the distance to the center point  6  ( FIG. 5 ) and the like. 
         [0044]    The keyword probability determination rule takes into account preferably a database which contains filler words which have a very low probability parameter and words with a very high probability parameter. According to an application, for a translation dictionary for instance, the database could contain filler words which would have a low-medium probability parameter, for an online search application the filler words would in this case have a probability parameter of zero. Filler words contained in the database are for instance articles, adverbs, attributes and the like. It shall be mentioned that the database preferably can be selected among a set of databases according to the current application or that it can change itself within the current application as a database with learning characteristics. It is also imaginable that the probability parameters of word groups in the database get modified by the keyword probability determination rule according to the current application. Furthermore, it is imaginable that the database with its words gets downloaded or updated from a server system according to the current application or a certain field of interest, wherein for instance words with high occurrence get a respective high probability parameter. 
         [0045]    The keyword probability determination rule takes into account preferably for each word also the distance of the respective word/word block  3  in regards to the center point  6 . 
         [0046]    The probability calculation for each word according the keyword probability determination rule results in values above or under a threshold, whereas preferably all words above the threshold are determined to be possibly the keyword  7 , whereas the respective word block  3  is then determined to be a preferred A-block  4  with a higher probability containing the keyword  7 , which gets indicated for a further selection. The threshold gets preferably calculated taking into account all probabilities of the detected words/word blocks  3 . 
         [0047]      FIG. 6  shows a result of a calculated and sorted word table  40  with some words in column  46  of the detected word blocks  3  and in particular with the words of the preselected A-blocks  4  of  FIG. 4  containing the words with higher probability and above the threshold. Filler words within the word table  40  which are detected and calculated in respect to their probability and resulting in a very low probability are not shown anymore. Preferably the number of occurrence of each word is calculated and mentioned in table column  42 , the characteristics of each word is mentioned in table column  43 , the correlated probability parameters of a connected database (not shown) is mentioned in table column  44 , and the calculated probability value for each respective word of column  46  is shown in column  45 . 
         [0048]    The word table with the sorted words and rows according to their calculated probability, wherein the highest probability is on top, is shown in  FIG. 6 , whereas, as a result, the respective preselected words are shown in  FIG. 4 , each preselected word being indicated by an overlaid frame around its respective A-block  4 . 
         [0049]    For the further selection of the keyword  7  among the A-blocks  4  by the user, the A-blocks get assigned by attributes  5  (only some are indicated in  FIG. 5 ,  7 ,  8 ,  9 ), which are preferably numbers starting from 1 to 9 and 0, which can be easily input for the further selection via the phone keypad. The so assigned attributes  5  as numbers are shown in the word table  40  in column  41  ( FIG. 6 ) and they are preferably displayed as overlay next to and on the left side of each A-block  4  as shown in  FIG. 5 . It is imaginable to display also the center point  6  as a marking within the displayed image  2   c.    
         [0050]    The word “Mongolei”, to which the attribute “ 1 ” is assigned and which is contained in A-block  10 ,  11  and  12 , has the calculated highest probability to be the keyword  7  within the text of the captured image  2   a , but despite of that it is not the desired keyword. The word “Volksrepublik”, to which the attribute “ 2 ” is assigned and which is contained in the A-blocks  13  occurs three times within the text and has the next highest probability to be the keyword  7 . The words of A-blocks  14 ,  15  and  7  are close to the center point  6  of the captured image  2   a , respectively to the displayed image  2   c  and get so a relatively high probability according to the preferred keyword probability determination rule in this example. 
         [0051]    For instance for an application, wherein a phone number shall be detected and selected for making a phone call with that number, it is imaginable, that the keyword probability determination rule detects only numbers with more than 6 digits and less than 15 digits or the like, preferably prioritizing numbers which have a word “phone” in front or above, wherein the corresponding blocks  3  are then selected as A-blocks  4  for the further selection. 
         [0052]    Another preferred method for a keyword detection is shown in  FIG. 7 , wherein a fingertip  8  or a pen-tip (in the following the term fingertip will be used to designate both the fingertip and the pen-tip) is detected within the captured and displayed image  2   c  with its position and the direction. The fingertip indicates the word  18  among the detected word blocks  3 , the word  18  being the keyword with the highest probability, whereupon preferably an attribute is assigned to the word respectively to the corresponding A-block. Another close word to the fingertip position and direction is the word  19 , which gets highlighted and to which another attribute is assigned as well. The keyword  18  or  19 , in this example, can then be further selected by a simple respective keypress. 
         [0053]    In case of an application in which a text-part comprising multiple words shall be detected as text input, the text-part gets selected by detection and selection of a first keyword  7 . 1 , which is a starting word of the text-part and then by detection and selection of a second keyword  7 . 2 , which is the last word of the text-part. The first  7 . 1  and the second keyword  7 . 2  get detected and selected as described before. An example is shown in  FIG. 8 , wherein the first keyword  7 . 1  is indicated by the fingertip  9 . 1 , resulting in detected and selectable possible keywords  16 ,  17  and  7 . 1 . Thereupon the fingertip  9 . 2  indicates the second keyword  7 . 2 , which is then taken as the second keyword  7 . 2 . If the probability of the so detected possible keyword  7 . 2 , as in this example, is high enough in relation to all other neighboring possible keywords, then the possible keyword  7 . 2  with the very high probability does preferably not require a further selection by a keypress or a confirmation. Thereupon the text-part is taken as text input for the mobile communication device  30 . 
         [0054]    Another preferred method for a text-part detection and selection is shown in  FIG. 9 , wherein the text-parts  24   a - 24   g  of the captured and artifact reduced image  2   b  are automatically detected by a pattern and structure analysis preferably before any OCR analysis which would require more calculating power. The pattern and structure analysis is preferably based on the detection of text characters and their distances to each other. The so detected text-parts  24   a - 24   g  get designated by attributes  5  which are preferably numbers and indicated in the displayed image  2   c . It shall be mentioned that the margin words  23  are not further taken into account. The so indicated attributes  5  can be selected by a respective keypress and the text-part is taken as text input for the mobile communication device  30 . 
         [0055]      FIG. 10  shows the main process flow of the camera based method for text input and keyword detection which is self-explanatory. 
         [0056]    Preferably the method described above can also comprise a zoom function for the camera module before or after the image  2   a  is captured, whereas it is imaginable that it can be zoomed into the captured image  2   a  resulting in that a section of the captured image  2   a  is further processed and filtered, whereupon within the section of the captured image  2   a  the word blocks  3  get detected and further processed as described above. 
         [0057]    Preferably the keyword probability determination rule determines words which are hand underlined with the highest priority within the artifact reduced image  2   b.    
         [0058]    The indication of A-blocks  4  is preferably performed as overlaid blocks in a certain color under the written possible keywords but other indications are also imaginable as frames around the A-blocks  4 , that the displayed word therein is written in a different color and/or as bold letters or as big capital letters or the like. As attributes  5  numbers are preferred but characters or numbers followed by characters after the first nine numerals are also imaginable, as illustrated for instance in  FIG. 6 , the bottom five lines. 
         [0059]    The further selection of the keyword  7 , which is designated by its attribute  5  or by an indication of the respective A-block  4 , is preferably performed by a keypress of the respective key of the keypad, whereas the keypad can also be a touch-screen. It is imaginable that the displayed and desired A-block  4  (respectively the keyword  7 ) can be also selected by arrow keys, a scroll-wheel or the like, wherein the selection jumps from A-block  4  to A-block  4  to the left, to the right, up or down in respect to the pressed key or scroll-wheel. A further selection of the respective attribute  5  via speech recognition is also imaginable. As a further alternative for the further selection of the keyword  7  or the corresponding A-block one use direct selection via touch screen if the mobile communication device includes the latter. 
         [0060]    Upon the further selection of the keyword  7  or of the corresponding A-block a further correction of the displayed text is also imaginable which can be performed as usual by character keys or via T9-word corrective software which is available on most mobile communication devices  30 . 
         [0061]    The present invention shall not be limited to mobile communication devices  30  whereas it is also imaginable that the method gets applied on PCs, wherein a camera module is installed over a text page and the user has only to point out a certain keyword with his fingertip which gets detected and automatically selected for a translation for instance or for the like. 
         [0062]    Moreover, the present invention can be applied also for automatic reading machines wherein a word which gets pointed out by a fingertip gets detected, converted into word characters and output by a loudspeaker device. 
         [0063]    Furthermore it is imaginable to use this kind of rapid camera based keyword detection and selection for instance for quick search applications for word and text-block translations, for encyclopedia information, and for information related to the keyword, as for instance showing up in the display  32  manufacturers which are connected to the further selected keyword by a server database and the like. 
         [0064]    Furthermore, although the present invention has been described in connection with certain specific embodiments of a mobile communication device  30  and flowcharts, the present invention is not limited thereto. Accordingly various modifications, adaptations and combinations of various features of the described embodiments can be practiced without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the accompanying claims. 
         [0065]    Where technical features mentioned in any claim are followed by reference signs, those reference signs have been included just for the sole purpose of increasing intelligibility of the claims and accordingly, such reference signs do not have any limiting effect on the scope of each element identified by way of example by such reference signs. 
       LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
       [0000]    
       
         
           
               1  Page (also representing a screen or the like) 
               2   a  Captured image (=Section of the page) 
               2   b  Artifact reduced image (of the section of the page) 
               2   c  Displayed image 
               3  Word blocks 
               4  A-blocks (containing most likely the keyword) 
               5  Attribute 
               6  Center point (target point) 
               7  Keyword 
               7 . 1  First keyword 
               7 . 2  Second keyword 
               8  Fingertip 
               9 . 1 ,  9 . 2  Fingertip positions 
               10 - 19  Possible keywords 
               20 - 22  Line 
               23  Margin word 
               24  underline 
               24   a - g  Text-parts 
               30  Mobile Communication Device 
               31  Keypad 
               32  Display 
               40  word table 
               41 - 46  Table columns