Abstract:
The laser grid ( 1 ) permits a single-sided installation in order to record a person or object in the monitoring area. The grid operates using punctiform sensor units ( 3 ), each including at least one laser diode and two photosensitive pixels. The sensor units are arranged in a line in a housing ( 2 ).

Description:
[0001]     This is a Continuation of International Application PCT/DE02/03996, with an international filing date of Oct. 23, 2002, which was published under PCT Article 21(2) in German, and the disclosure of which is incorporated into this application by reference.  
       FIELD OF AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The invention relates to a light grid having a number of transmitting and receiving elements.  
         [0003]     Such light grids having a number of individual light barriers arranged in the form of a line are used, e.g., to secure a danger area. Upon intrusion by a person, or, generally, an object, into the monitoring area, the light beams are interrupted, and a switching operation is thereupon triggered, for example, a warning signal or a reliable shutdown of a machine.  
         [0004]     Conventional light grids require the installation of a transmitter and a receiver at the outermost limits of access to the danger area, or, at a minimum, a mirror on one side and a combined transmitter/receiver module on the other. Moreover, with these light grids it is possible only with a high outlay to define differing areas upon the violation of which different system reactions are triggered.  
       OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     It is one object of the invention to improve a light grid of the above-described type to the effect that installation on only one side of the monitoring area is needed in order to detect an object in the monitoring area.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]     This and other objects are achieved, according to one formulation of the invention, by an arrangement in which the transmitting and receiving elements are combined into punctiform sensor units that, in each case, have at least one laser diode and two photosensitive pixels and that are arranged in a line in a housing. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0007]     An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of a drawing, in which:  
         [0008]      FIG. 1  shows a laser light grid according to the invention, and  
         [0009]      FIG. 2  shows an arrangement for monitoring the surroundings of a machine with the aid of the laser light grid in accordance with  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0010]     An inventive laser light grid  1  for distance measurement is illustrated as a module in  FIG. 1 . It has a housing  2  in which there are arranged, in the form of a line, punctiform sensor units  3  that are designed as 3D CMOS sensor units (see German patent DE 197 57 595 C2). The measuring principle of these sensor units  3  is explained in the DE 197 57 595 C2 patent, which is incorporated into the present application hereby by reference. The sensor unit  3  includes a laser diode and at least two photosensitive pixels that use different time windows to integrate the intensity of the reflected light of the associated laser diode.  
         [0011]     A clock generator  4 , an analog-to-digital converter  5  and a processing logic circuit  6  are also located in the closed housing  2 . The sensor units  3  are triggered one after another by the clock generator  4  and carry out, independently of one another, individual measurements that are then available as analog measured values at the sensor unit  3 . Carried out per sensor unit in the present exemplary embodiment are two measurements in respect of which the analog measured values are read out by the analog-to-digital converter  5  and made available to the downstream processing logic circuit  6  for further processing. The processing logic circuit  6  can be wired or programmed to take on any or all of the following functions, in order to fulfill the monitoring task:  
         [0012]     a) Calculation of the distance to each pair of measured values in accordance with the method in the above-named patent specification.  
         [0013]     b) With the aid of a background filter, background filtering the measured values, which subtracts the measured values from a set of static background values, in order to be able to detect a change. The background picture can be stored by a zero measurement at startup, or through programming.  
         [0014]     c) With the aid of a threshold filter, threshold filtering the measured values, in order to identify objects, e.g. persons, in different approach zones, e.g. as illustrated in  FIG. 2 . For example, a machine  7  is approached here. The presence of a person  8  inside the different approach zones I and II in  FIG. 2  can be detected by the two-dimensional measurement, by distance from the light grid and position along the light grid. Thus, for example, upon intrusion into zone I, it is possible to issue a warning signal, and upon intrusion into zone II the machine  7  can be reliably shut down. Since the sensor units  3  can be appropriately selected tocarry out a distance measurement with accuracies in the centimeter range, it is also possible to define differently shaped approach zones.  
         [0015]     d) A logic operation on the individual measurements of the sensor units  3  in  FIG. 1 , for the purpose of approximate detection of the size of the object, for example, in order to filter very small objects.  
         [0016]     e) A muting function, i.e., specific blanking out of one or more individual measurements, for example, e.g., in order to permit specific objects to approach. This function would be required, for example, were there a need to feed objects to a production line.  
         [0017]     The processing logic circuit  6  in accordance with  FIG. 1  can be connected via an interface  9  to an external measuring and monitoring system that then converts the status message of the laser light grid  1  in a concrete fashion into a switching reaction, for example, interrupting the power supply to a machine. The interface  9  can be configured differently depending on the application. Thus, relay outputs or optocouplers, AS interface bus couplings, I2C bus couplings or the industrial Ethernet are possible, depending on how many individual items of information of a laser light grid  1  are required, and how many such modules are combined.  
         [0018]     I2C bus and ASI bus also permit the very simplest cablings and the rapid transmission of more complex data.  
         [0019]     If a firm background, for example a wall, is provided permanent self-monitoring can be performed for safety-related applications by executing comparisons with programmed basic data.  
         [0020]     The above description of the preferred embodiments has been given by way of example. From the disclosure given, those skilled in the art will not only understand the present invention and its attendant advantages, but will also find apparent various changes and modifications to the structures and methods disclosed. It is sought, therefore, to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims, and equivalents thereof.