Abstract:
Modules for controlling a flow of water and methods of assembly of modules to establish indirect flow of water through a modular system. Modular systems for controlling a flow of water having beams extending across the modules to direct the flow of water in an indirect manner or a serpentine or semi-serpentine manner. Modular storage and controlled outflow systems for treatment and filtration of water.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The invention is directed to modular water retention and detention systems, the application of internal flow control systems for secondary usages and methods of assembly of such systems. The invention is also directed to modular liquid storage with controlled outflow devices and methods of assembly and application of such systems. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Stormwater retention and detention systems (for example, also known as storage structures with controlled outflow devices) are systems typically installed underground, that are used for accommodating surface stormwater runoff by diverting and storing water to prevent pooling of water at the ground surface. 
         [0003]    Although stormwater (or water) is being referenced generally for descriptive purposes, such liquid identification for this patent can be interchangeable with stormwater, groundwater, drinking water, irrigation water, sewerage and wastewater, or industrial process water and the associated characteristics of such specific liquid being referenced for management purposes. 
         [0004]    Liquid retention and detention systems typically consist of a structural support component (in the form of a container or vessel), with an available storage volume and a controlled outlet flow device for metering discharge from the system. These systems are typically installed underground, but can be designed for above ground applications. The industry historically locates these systems at a lower elevation than the collection basin surface (or system) so as to take advantage of the natural potential energy (head) associated with liquid flows to eliminate the need for mechanical devices such as pumps. Stormwater systems are typically located in close vicinity of the collection area, such as under a parking lot, roadway or building to optimize the use of the land area. 
         [0005]    Other uses of storage and controlled outflow systems involves having greywater piped into the system directly from a building, groundwater which flows into the system through the ground, and blackwater, which is pumped into the system. Greywater includes wastewater generated from domestic activities such as laundry, dishwashing, and bathing, which can be recycled on-site. Blackwater includes greywater and anything that goes down drains, including toilet water. 
         [0006]    Water storage with controlled outflow systems are generally large structures, and thus, may be provided as modular systems that can be assembled in pieces yet meet the same intent as a singular large structure. There is a need to provide modular systems because modular systems are easier to install, allow for greater design flexibility, and have lower installation costs than nonmodular systems. This is because water storage and controlled outflow systems typically require very large storage volumes requiring heavy structural components to contain them. 
         [0007]    It is also an advantage for the structure of a modular system to be accessible and large enough for a person to enter the system in the event servicing of a module is required. 
         [0008]    For example, such systems are manufactured of concrete with a reinforced steel core, or interconnecting pipes or chambers constructed of metal or plastics supported by a structural stone bedding and backfill material or ponds with an open water surface. 
         [0009]    There are various existing designs of water storage and controlled outflow systems that are known in the art. These systems, while being designed to retain and detain water and/or displace water, however, have significant disadvantages that are overcome by the presently described invention. 
         [0010]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,621,695 to Smith et al. discloses a subsurface cubic water system having modules with pillars forming a generally cruciform cross section. U.S. Pat. No. 7,344,335 to Burkhart discloses a water retention system having modules with continuous lateral and longitudinal channels, the continuous lateral and longitudinal channels extending from one end of the system to the other allowing for unimpeded flows in any or all directions during operations. 
         [0011]    U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,056,058, 6,779,946 and 5,810,510 to Urriola et al. disclose a transport corridor drainage system having vertical channels and no horizontal deck. The &#39;510 patent in particular discloses an underground drainage system having channels for flow. 
         [0012]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,249,887 to Phillips discloses an apparatus for control of liquids having modules in series; U.S. Patent Application No. 2009/0226260 to Boulton et al. discloses a method and apparatus for capturing, storing and distributing water; and U.S. Patent Application No. 2009/0279953 to Allard et al. discloses modular units having an arched opening in each of six faces, such that passages for water flow extend through the center of the structure to each opposing face. 
         [0013]    All of these designs, however, while being designed for the storage of water and function as large holding vessels for water, do not provide a system that is designed for providing indirect flow of water internally within a system. Furthermore, these systems do not disclose the use of a modular system having beams, walls and/or weirs, the modular system allowing for a serpentine or semi-serpentine flow of water within the modules and system. 
         [0014]    Instead, existing systems have primarily functioned as large holding vessels for water, with treatment and flow control devices occurring outside of the system structure. Existing systems do not apply and integrate the principles of treatment or internal flow control methods that affect the velocity, the potential energy (head), time attenuation (retention) flow and/or turbulence control within the system. Flow controls, such as weirs, baffles, walls, orifices, standpipes and particular intended combinations of these devices, have not been provided internally in the existing systems. Furthermore, existing systems have not used these flow controls to cause water to purposely flow indirectly internally within the system for a means of secondary application such as treatment or conditioning. 
         [0015]    Indirect flow of water internally within storage with controlled outflow systems has advantages over existing systems. Such a design allows for water to flow through a system for a controlled period of time. Indirect flow of water internally through a storage and controlled outflow system allows for the amount of time that water is present within the system to be optimized based upon the cross-sectional area of the system (i.e., the water stays in the system for the optimal amount of time based on the cross-sectional area of the system). This allows the water to be controlled within the system and also allows for water to accumulate in the system in a controlled and systematically intended manner. This allows for optimal increased storage of water in the system and the application of controlling the flow for other purposes such as treatment, temperature regulation, flow attenuation, and other purposes for water treatment and conditioning. 
         [0016]    Indirect flow of water internally within a retention and detention system also allows the water to be controlled within the system to achieve treatment. This allows the water to be treated or conditioned as the water flows internally within the system. A system with a purposely intended controlled indirect flow, prepares the proper environment and conditions conducive to treatment and conditioning applications. Such an intended system design can create the optimum conditions for gravity separation (allowing for both oil water separation and particle separation), neutrally buoyant materials control, trash, debris and solids control, filtering, extended detention for nutrient reduction, temperature reduction, and chemical addition. The result of such a system design may be for the use of conditioning process water or for the removal of various components (either soluble or insoluble) from the flow regime prior to the water being discharged from the system. Furthermore, indirect flow of water internally within a system has other advantages as it allows for compartmentalized flow within the system that allows for various configurations and interchangeability of applications of the system to be provided. 
         [0017]    Additionally, indirect flow of water internally within a system may allow for systems where one compartment of the system has a solid floor, while other compartment of the system has a permeable or gravel floor, allowing water to exit the system through the bottom. This may allow for one compartment of the system to be used for water retention, while having other compartments of the system used for water treatment or other applications. In short, a system with internal indirect flow of water is desirable as it solves problems related to uncontrolled flow, such as “short circuiting”, that is common in existing systems. Moreover, internal indirect flow of water solves problems that have not been recognized in the prior art, as it requires the use of beams or other such diversionary structures that diverts the water in an indirect manner. These additional beams and/or material for diverting the water in an indirect manner involves creating systems with additional cost as extra concrete and/or other material used to divert water has to be supplied as material costs. 
         [0018]    A system incorporating beams is also more flexible then existing systems as the beams allow for control of the water directing it into a “low flow channel” formed by the restrictive nature or the beam as a barrier and a function of the cross sectional area of the water surface area below the level of the beam. As a result of this concept, for a given period of time greater amounts of water may remain in the system with the beam design, allowing for an increased detention capacity of the system for its available storage volume. The increase in detention time is a direct result of the extended attenuation time (or flow lagging) caused by the indirect serpentine flow pattern allowing for the water to remain in the system for a longer period of time. 
         [0019]    As none of these existing systems provide for a design having indirect flow, it is desirable to provide a design that achieves these objectives, and achieves the advantages of such a system. It is further desirable to provide a modular system that hinders the flow of water in a lateral direction, while allowing for longitudinal flow. It is further desirable to provide a modular system that hinders the flow of water in a longitudinal direction, while allowing for lateral flow. 
         [0020]    It is also desirable to provide a system that allows for serpentine or semi-serpentine flow of water in the system and allows for control of the flow of water. It is further desirable to provide for a system that allows for internal treatment and conditioning applications of water and also allows for storage and controlled discharge of water. It is also desirable to provide a system that allows for optimal treatment of the water. 
         [0021]    Such a water storage with controlled outflow system is novel and unobvious over the prior art. Existing systems have not recognized the problems associated with controlling “short circuiting” by establishing the indirect flow of water through a system where the level of the water is controlled by the height of the beams, walls or weirs. Such existing systems, and persons of skill in the art making such systems, would not have recognized the problem of having indirect flow as all of the existing systems simply are designed principally to store water and work to move the water through the system directly or work to retain water. Existing systems are not designed to control the flow of water in an indirect manner and to maximize treatment of the water. 
         [0022]    Having systems with beams may allow for internal indirect flow when the level of the water is below the level (or top of the vertical height) of the beams in the system. In occasions where the level of water is higher than the top of the vertical height of the beams, such as a 2, 10, 25, 50 or even 100 year storm, it is advantageous to have beams as the system may then allow for flow of water that is unimpeded in all directions. This is advantageous over having impervious walls instead of beams, as water would not be able to pass thru the walls. However, a system incorporating impervious walls is also contemplated by the disclosure and utilized specifically when an impeded barrier is required for an application purpose. 
         [0023]    A system that has internal indirect flow achieves both storage and controlled outflow capabilities, while allowing for treatment of water, and allowing for water to move through the system in an indirect manner, which optimizes by attenuation (or flow lagging) the amount of time the water is retained in the system. A system that achieves these objects, such as described below, is certainly desirable. Furthermore, a system that controls the velocity, the potential energy (head), time attenuation (flow lagging), flow and turbulence internally within a system is also desirable. A system that has a positive impact on the environment is also desirable. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0024]    Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a structural system that has indirect flow of water internally within the system. Water as discussed in this application may refer to stormwater, groundwater, drinking water, irrigation water, sewerage and wastewater, or industrial process water. Water may also refer to dirty water and water with various other materials, impurities and/or constituent characteristics such as temperature associated with the water type. 
         [0025]    It is another object of the invention to provide a system that hinders the flow of water in a lateral direction, while allowing for the flow of water in a longitudinal direction, when the level of the water is below the level or vertical height of the beams. It is also an object of the invention to provide a system that hinders the flow of water in a longitudinal direction, while allowing for the flow of water in a lateral direction, when the level of the water is below the level or vertical height of the beams. It is an object of the invention to control the flow of water when the water is below the height of the beams. 
         [0026]    It is another object of the invention to provide a system that allows for serpentine or semi-serpentine flow of water within the system. It is another object of the invention to provide a system where the water enters the system and progresses in a serpentine or semi-serpentine manner within and around the system. There are advantages to this design as it allows for the intended optimization of the amount of time the water is present within the system (attenuation or retention) as a function of the cross-sectional area and length of the flow channel within the system. Other advantages of this design allow for the water to be controlled and treated as it progresses within the system. 
         [0027]    It is another object of the invention to provide a system that allows for flow control of water and for treatment of water. It is another object of the invention to provide for a system that allows for storage and controlled outflow of water. It is another object of the invention to provide a modular system made from various separate modules with different design intentions, but integral to the overall function of the management system. It is recognized that there are fluid dynamic hydraulic similarities between applications that are incorporated in and a reflection of the indirect flow capabilities of the system. 
         [0028]    It is another object of the invention to integrate treatment and flow controls into modules which affect and take advantage of the velocity, the potential energy (head), time attenuation (retention), flow and or turbulence control of the fluid within the system. 
         [0029]    It is another object of the invention to provide a system that has a positive impact on the environment. It is an object of the invention to provide a smaller environmental footprint than existing systems. It is an object of the invention to have more optimal use of the area of the system via its geometry than existing systems. 
         [0030]    These and other objectives are achieved by providing a modular system for controlling a flow of water comprising: a plurality of modules, at least some of the plurality of modules comprising a horizontal deck supported by four vertical members, each of the four vertical members having a bottom edge, the plurality of modules being arranged in a grid having an x-axis and a y-axis, the plurality of modules forming: one or more longitudinal channels, the one or more longitudinal channels being defined in the direction along the y-axis of the modular system, and one or more lateral channels, the one or more lateral channels being defined in the direction along the x-axis of the modular system, wherein at least some of the plurality of modules have at least one beam extending across from one of the vertical members to another one of the vertical members of one of the modules, wherein the at least one beam extends partially upwards from the bottom edge of the one of the four vertical members towards the horizontal deck thereby creating a window. 
         [0031]    The system may have the at least one beam direct the flow of the water when the level of the water is below the level or top of the vertical height of the beam. The vertical height of the beam extends from the bottom of the floor up towards the horizontal deck. The beam height is preferred to be approximately 12 inches from the floor or ground, when modules are preferred to be approximately 5 feet, 8 inches. However, the beam height may be adjusted in various embodiments of the invention and may be greater than or less than 12 inches in embodiments of the invention. 
         [0032]    The system may control the flow of the water in an indirect path. An indirect path is defined as a path that is not in a straight line. Such a path may be a path that changes direction, such as allowing the water to travel in a longitudinal direction across a module and then being diverted to go in a lateral direction across another module, and vice-versa. 
         [0033]    The system may have the plurality of the modules be stackable. Such a stackable design, allows for the system to have various levels. The system may have one, or two, or even more module levels. Such a system with more than one level is referred to a multilevel system. Stackable multilevel systems have modules that are adapted to be stacked. Such modules have structural indentations on the top of the modules that allow for the legs of other modules to be stacked upon them. Such indentations are adapted to receive the legs of other modules. In addition a lower module may or may not have an impervious deck system, an opening to allow for vertical water flow or a flow control device between layers for the intentions of controlling flow as a purposeful design. 
         [0034]    The system may also provide for uninterrupted flow across the one or more of the longitudinal channels. The system may provide for uninterrupted flow across the one or more of the lateral channels. Uninterrupted flow is flow through a module that is not interrupted by a beam. A beam is an example of an element that causes the flow of the water to be interrupted. A wall is another example of an element that causes the flow of the water to be interrupted. Other such elements may cause the flow of the water to be interrupted. 
         [0035]    The system may have at least some of the plurality of modules be located on the external edge of the system defining a perimeter. The system may have the perimeter of the plurality of modules be perforate. Perforate is defined as allowing for water to travel through the wall of the module via holes. The holes that allow for the wall to be perforate may be of various diameters. Typically, such holes have a diameter of approximately 1-4 inches in diameter, but are sized based on an intended controlled flow rate. 
         [0036]    The system may have a porous surface on the bottom of the system, the plurality of modules being located on the porous surface. The porous surface may be made from gravel or other such materials that allow for the water to seep through the surface. 
         [0037]    The system may also be located on an impermeable surface. The impermeable surface may be a material such as concrete or another material that water cannot easily travel through. 
         [0038]    The system may have certain modules be located on a permeable surface, while other modules are located on an impermeable surface. 
         [0039]    The system may further have at least one inlet and at least one outlet for the water to enter or exit the system in a controlled flow rate. Infiltration of the water through pervious base or perimeter materials shall be considered a type of outlet device. As would a mechanic device such as a pump or siphon device be considered a type of outlet device incorporated in the system. The system may have more than one inlet and more than one outlet. Such an inlet or outlet may be an orifice or a standpipe. An orifice is defined as a type of opening or aperture having a pipe or tubing connected to the opening allowing for the water to enter or exit the system at a purposefully designed controlled flow rate. 
         [0040]    The system may also comprise corner modules, the corner modules each having two of the four vertical members attached to one another via walls, the walls extending from the bottom of the horizontal deck to the bottom of the vertical members and across the entire length of one edge of the horizontal deck; end modules, the end modules each having a single beam and a single wall, the single beam extending from the one of the four vertical members to another one of the four vertical members wherein the single beam extends partially upwards from the bottom edge of the one of the four vertical members towards the horizontal deck thereby creating a window, and wherein the single wall extends from the bottom of the horizontal deck to the bottom of the vertical members and across the entire length of one edge of the horizontal deck; and internal modules, the internal modules each having two beams, each of the two beams extending from the one of the four vertical members to another one of the four vertical members, wherein the two beams extend partially upwards from the bottom edge of the one of the four vertical members towards the horizontal deck thereby creating two windows. 
         [0041]    The system may have each of its beams integrated together with their corresponding vertical members. Such an integrated structure may have the beams and corresponding vertical members be fused together as one piece. In certain embodiments, the beams and corresponding vertical members may be manufactured together as one piece during the construction of the modules. In other embodiments, the beams and corresponding vertical members may be manufactured as separate pieces which are integrated together using various industry techniques. 
         [0042]    The system may have each of the beams direct the flow of the water when the level of the water is below the level or vertical height of each of the beams (i.e., when the water is below the maximum height of the beams). When the level of the water is greater than the beam height, then the water may travel over the beams. This typically will happen per purposeful design intent, such as in a 2, 10, 25, 50 or 100 year storm. 
         [0043]    The system may have its walls perforated with holes. These holes may allow the water to flow through the holes. Such walls with holes that allow for the water to travel through them are defined as being perforate. 
         [0044]    The system may have modules, which contain an inlet or an outlet, also be nonperforate. Nonperforate is defined as not letting water through. A solid wall is an example of a nonperforate wall. Nonperforate walls may exist having an opening, inlet or outlet (such as an orifice), which will allow water to enter or exit the system through the opening, inlet or outlet. 
         [0045]    The system may have at least some of the modules have at least one such opening or orifice. The system may have modules that are nonperforate also have a weir to allow the flow of water out of the modules. The modules with nonperforate walls may be located on an impermeable surface. The system may have modules have weirs, baffles, beams, orifice holes, and particular combinations of these elements that are used to control the flow of water internally within the system. A completely enclosed module consisting of a watertight storage space (with #4 non-perforated walls and an impervious floor) may be used as an isolation chamber capable of watertight containment integrated into the system. 
         [0046]    Other objectives of the invention are achieved by providing a module for controlling a flow of water comprising: a horizontal deck; four vertical members each having a bottom edge, the four vertical members supporting the horizontal deck and being arranged in the four corners below the horizontal deck; a first beam extending across from the one of the four vertical members to another one of the four vertical members, wherein the first beam extends partially upwards from the bottom edge of the one of the four vertical members towards the horizontal deck. The first beam is typically provided as having its upper surface be parallel to the horizontal deck. In other embodiments, the first beam may have its upper surface be approximately parallel to the horizontal deck and/or may have its upper surface be angled with respect to the horizontal deck. 
         [0047]    The module may have the first beam form a window between the top of the beam and the bottom of the horizontal deck. Such a window may have various shapes. However, the window does not involve having the module have more concrete above the beam than the beam itself. The window is different than a weir, as the window is formed based upon the beam, not based upon cutting a hole in a solid wall. A hole is a solid wall is defined as being an opening. A window, is not simply an opening, but rather is the open area from the top of the beam to approximately the bottom of the horizontal deck. The window does not extend all the way up to the bottom of the horizontal deck. There is a structural section a few inches wide between the deck and the top of the window opening. 
         [0048]    The module may have the first beam direct the flow of the water when the water is below the top of the vertical height of the first beam. The first beam may allow the water to flow indirectly through the module and/or system. 
         [0049]    The module may have one of the vertical members be attached to another one of the vertical members via a first wall, the first wall extending from the bottom of the horizontal deck to the bottom of the vertical member and across the entire length of one edge of the horizontal deck. The module may have the wall have perforated holes. 
         [0050]    The module may have a second beam extending across from the one of the four vertical members to another one of the four vertical members. The second beam may extend partially upwards from the bottom edge of the one of the four vertical members towards the horizontal deck. 
         [0051]    The second beam may form a window between the top of the second beam and the bottom of the horizontal deck. The second beam may direct the flow of the water when the level of the water is below the top of the vertical height of the second beam (i.e., below the beam height). 
         [0052]    The module may have the first beam be integrated together with two of the four vertical members it extends across. The module may have the second beam be integrated together with two of the four vertical members it extends across. The beam may be manufactured with the vertical members as one piece or may be separate pieces that are connected together using conventional techniques known in the industry. The module may be stackable. Such modules have indentations on the top of the modules that allow for the legs of other modules to be stacked upon them. The module may form at least one channel through the module. The module may have a structural component with a storage capacity. The module may made of a steel core within the module and be reinforced by concrete. 
         [0053]    Other objectives of the invention are achieved by providing a method for controlling a flow of water in a modular system comprising: providing a plurality of modules, each of the plurality of modules comprising: a horizontal deck supported by four vertical members, the plurality of modules being arranged in a grid having an x-axis and a y-axis, the plurality of modules forming one or more longitudinal channels, the one or more longitudinal channels being defined in the direction along the y-axis of the modular system, one or more lateral channels, the one or more lateral channels being defined in the direction along the x-axis of the modular system; and wherein the at least some of the plurality of modules have at least one beam extending from the one of the four vertical members to another one of the four vertical members, wherein the at least one beam extends partially upwards from the bottom edge of the one of the four vertical members towards the horizontal deck thereby creating a window; inserting the water into the plurality of modules by natural or artificial means, wherein the water is directed through the system by the at least one beam in the plurality of modules, wherein the at least one beam directs the flow of the water when the water is below the level or vertical height of the beam. 
         [0054]    The water in the method may be routed through the modular water system in a serpentine or semi-serpentine manner. A serpentine or semi-serpentine manner involves the water flowing in a snakelike fashion where the water may travel through various modules in one direction and then turn and travel in a different direction which may be different and/or opposite to the original direction. Travelling in a serpentine or semi-serpentine manner involves having the water change directions at least once as it travels through the system. 
         [0055]    In other embodiments, the water may travel in a single or double row system (such that the beam hinders movement of the water laterally while allowing it to move longitudinally). In these embodiments, the water may not move in a serpentine or semi-serpentine manner. 
         [0056]    Other objectives of the invention are achieved by providing a modular system for controlling a flow of water comprising: a plurality of modules, at least some of the plurality of modules comprising a horizontal deck supported by four vertical members, the plurality of modules being arranged in a grid having an x-axis and a y-axis, the plurality of modules forming: one or more longitudinal channels, the one or more longitudinal channels being defined in the direction along the y-axis of the modular system, and one or more lateral channels, the one or more lateral channels being defined in the direction along the x-axis of the modular system, wherein the modular system provides for serpentine flow through the longitudinal and lateral channels. 
         [0057]    The modular system may provide for serpentine flow because of a plurality of horizontal beams that direct the flow of the water when the level of the water is below the top of the vertical height of each of the plurality of horizontal beams. When the water flows into the beams, the water is diverted into a different direction. 
         [0058]    The modular system may have various internal flow controls, such as weirs, baffles, walls, beams, orifice holes, and particular combinations of these devices. Such internal flow controls are used to control the internal flow of the system so it has indirect flow. 
         [0059]    Other objects of the invention and its particular features and advantages will become more apparent from consideration of the following drawings and accompanying detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0060]      FIG. 1  is a grid view of an embodiment of the system; 
           [0061]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0062]      FIG. 2A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0063]      FIG. 2B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 2  taken along axis A-A; 
           [0064]      FIG. 2C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 2  taken along axis B-B; 
           [0065]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0066]      FIG. 3A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 3 ; 
           [0067]      FIG. 3B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 3  taken along axis A-A; 
           [0068]      FIG. 3C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 3  taken along axis B-B; 
           [0069]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0070]      FIG. 4A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 4 ; 
           [0071]      FIG. 4B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 4  taken along axis A-A; 
           [0072]      FIG. 4C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 4  taken along axis B-B; 
           [0073]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0074]      FIG. 5A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0075]      FIG. 5B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 5  taken along axis A-A; 
           [0076]      FIG. 5C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 5  taken along axis B-B; 
           [0077]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0078]      FIG. 6A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 6 ; 
           [0079]      FIG. 6B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 6  taken along axis A-A; 
           [0080]      FIG. 6C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 6  taken along axis B-B; 
           [0081]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0082]      FIG. 7A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 7 ; 
           [0083]      FIG. 7B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 7  taken along axis A-A; 
           [0084]      FIG. 7C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 7  taken along axis B-B; 
           [0085]      FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0086]      FIG. 8A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 8 ; 
           [0087]      FIG. 8B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 8  taken along axis A-A; 
           [0088]      FIG. 8C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 8  taken along axis B-B; 
           [0089]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of another embodiment of the system; 
           [0090]      FIG. 9A  is a side view of the system shown in  FIG. 9 ; 
           [0091]      FIG. 10  is a grid view of the top portion of the system shown in  FIG. 9 ; 
           [0092]      FIG. 10A  is a grid view of the bottom portion of the system shown in  FIG. 9 ; 
           [0093]      FIG. 11  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0094]      FIG. 11A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 11 ; 
           [0095]      FIG. 11B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 11  along axis A-A; 
           [0096]      FIG. 11C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 11  along axis B-B; 
           [0097]      FIG. 12  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0098]      FIG. 12A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 12 ; 
           [0099]      FIG. 12B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 12  along axis A-A; 
           [0100]      FIG. 12C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 12  along axis B-B; 
           [0101]      FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0102]      FIG. 13A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 13 ; 
           [0103]      FIG. 13B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 13  along axis A-A; 
           [0104]      FIG. 13C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 13  along axis B-B; 
           [0105]      FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 9 ; 
           [0106]      FIG. 14A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 14 ; 
           [0107]      FIG. 14B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 14  along axis A-A; 
           [0108]      FIG. 14C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 14  along axis B-B; 
           [0109]      FIG. 15  is a perspective view of a module of the system of  FIG. 9 ; 
           [0110]      FIG. 15A  is a top view of the module of  FIG. 15 ; 
           [0111]      FIG. 15B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 15  along axis A-A; 
           [0112]      FIG. 15C  is a cross section view of  FIG. 15  along axis B-B; 
           [0113]      FIG. 16  is a grid view of another embodiment of the system; and 
           [0114]      FIG. 17  is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention; 
           [0115]      FIG. 18 . is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention; 
           [0116]      FIG. 19  is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention; 
           [0117]      FIG. 20  is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention; 
           [0118]      FIG. 21  is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention; and 
           [0119]      FIG. 22  is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention; 
           [0120]      FIG. 23  is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention; 
           [0121]      FIG. 24  is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention; 
           [0122]      FIG. 25  is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention; 
           [0123]      FIG. 26  is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention; 
           [0124]      FIG. 27  is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention; and 
           [0125]      FIG. 28  is a perspective view of a module of the system of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0126]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , storage and control outflow system  1000  is shown. System  1000  is made of various modules and is an example of an embodiment of the system disclosed by the present invention. System  1000  is shown having three inlets  110  and one outlet  120 . However, there may be more inlets or less inlets  110  and outlets  120  for system  1000  than shown in  FIG. 1 . System  1000  has a legend on the left of the system showing what  FIG. 1  and  FIGS. 10 and 10A  mean by a perforated wall, 12″ beam wall, window, solid wall and weir. System  1000  also has an x-axis as shown (lateral direction) and y-axis (longitudinal direction), which shows the flow of the water through the system in lateral and longitudinal channels, respectively. 
         [0127]    System  1000  also has arrows through the system that show the direction of the flow of water within the system. This is an example of a serpentine flow of the water as the arrows show that the water travels in a snakelike manner through the system, where the flow of water changes direction at least once. System  1000  also reduces the turbulence the water as the water changes direction. 
         [0128]    System  1000  achieves the advantages of the present invention. Such advantages involve achieving indirect flow of the water internally within system  1000 , which is advantageous over existing systems. System  1000  allows for the water to flow through system  1000  for a controlled period of time. System  1000  may allow water to be treated by a treatment system and method as the water flows within system  1000 . Such a treatment system may filter the water, removing various components of the water from the system prior to the water exiting the system. Such a treatment system may be present in various modules of system  1000 . 
         [0129]    System  1000  also allows for the optimization of the amount of time that the water is present within system  1000  based upon the cross-sectional area of the system. This allows for the water to accumulate in system  1000  in a controlled and systematic manner. This allows for increased storage of the water in system  1000 . Moreover, greater amounts of the water may be in system  1000  at a given time, as it has 12 inch beams, allowing for increased storage and retention capacity of the system per its cross-sectional area. If the beam height is increased, the system is able to retain more water per cross-sectional area at a given time. 
         [0130]    Dimensions of system  1000  are shown as having 12 inch beams (12 inches being the beam height); however, beams with other heights may be used in the system, such as having beams that have a height of greater than 12 inches. System  1000  is made of various modules. Modules typically are approximately 8 feet wide and 8 feet deep and have a height of 5 feet 8 inches when employing 12 inch beams. The beam height to height of the module ratio thus is typically 1:8.5. However, the ratio of height of the module to beam height may vary depending upon the system and can range from 1:3-1:20. Modules can also have a height that ranges from 3 feet to a height of 12 feet. Modules less than 3 feet are difficult to work with as it is difficult for a man to enter a smaller module to service it. 
         [0131]    Furthermore, modules typically have the ability to support 10,000 to 14,000 pounds of weight. However, modules may support additional weight based on materials used, such as having a steel frame internal to the concrete outer shell. Modules may be made of other materials known in the art, and may be made of materials that are more expensive and have greater load bearing capabilities, if desired. 
         [0132]    System  1000  has modules having two perforated walls, such as module  300 ; modules having one perforated wall and one beam, such as module  400  and module  800 ; and modules having two beams, such as module  200 . 
         [0133]    System  1000  also has modules that have two or more solid walls, such as module  600 , module  700  and module  1100  (with  3  solid walls); and modules that have two solid walls and a weir, such as module  500 . System  1000  may be located on a solid surface, which is impermeable. System  1000  may be located on a permeable surface, such as crushed granite. The system may have certain modules located on a permeable surface and may have other modules located on a solid impermeable surface such as concrete. Preferably, modules  500 ,  600 ,  700  and  1100  are located on an impermeable surface. These modules typically have a floor which is impermeable. Preferably, modules  200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  800 , and  1200  are located on a permeable surface. However, various modules can be arranged on various surfaces and or materials. 
         [0134]      FIG. 2  shows one type of module in system  1000 . Module  200  is shown having four legs  220 ,  225 ,  230  and  235 . Four legs  220 ,  225 ,  230  and  235  support horizontal deck  210 . Each of the four legs  220 ,  225 ,  230  and  235  has a bottom edge. 
         [0135]    Legs  220  and  225  are connected together via beam  240 . Legs  230  and  235  are connected together via beam  250 . Beams  240  and  250  are preferably about 12 inches in height from the bottom edge to the top of the beam. The height of the module  200  is preferably 5 feet 8 inches. 
         [0136]    Beams  240  and  250 , however, may vary in height to be more or less than 12 inches in height from the bottom edge to the top of the beam. Beams  240  and  250  are used to control the flow of the water so that it moves in an indirect manner within the system. Beams  240  and  250  are also used, to allow the water to flow around the system in a serpentine or semi-serpentine manner. 
         [0137]      FIG. 2  also shows window  245  formed in the space between beam  240  and horizontal deck  210  and window  255  formed in the space between beam  250  and horizontal deck  210 . Module  200  also has a channel which extends through the module from  265  to  275 . Channel  265 / 275  allows for the water to flow uninterrupted within module  200 . The height of the channel  265 / 275  is preferably 4 feet 6 inches when using a module with a height of 5 feet 8 inches; however this may vary in various embodiments. The ratio of the height of the channel to the height of the module ranges from 1:2 to 4:5. Such dimensions are applicable to all modules described in the system. 
         [0138]    Moreover, channel height may vary within various modules as the height of the floor may vary. However, typically the channel has a standard cross-sectional area through the channel. Such a cross-sectional area is approximately the same within various modules in a system. 
         [0139]      FIGS. 2A ,  2 B and  2 C show various views of module  200 .  FIG. 2A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 2B  is a view across axis A-A where channel  275 / 265  is shown. Legs  225  and  230  are also shown in this view as well as beam  240  and beam  250  and window  245  and window  255 .  FIG. 2C  is a view across axis B-B where beam  240  and window  245  are shown as well as legs  220  and  225 . 
         [0140]      FIG. 3  shows another type of module in system  1000 . Module  300  is shown having four legs  320 ,  325 ,  330  and  335 . Four legs  320 ,  325 ,  330  and  335  support horizontal deck  310 . Each of the four legs  320 ,  325 ,  330  and  335  has a bottom edge. 
         [0141]    Legs  325  and  330  are connected together via wall  370 . Legs  330  and  335  are connected together via wall  350 . Wall  370  and wall  350  are shown as having perforations  380 . Perforations  380  allow for the water to exit the system. Perforations may be holes that have a minimum diameter of one inch. The holes may be larger than one inch; however, holes and perforations are smaller than the openings defined in this invention. 
         [0142]      FIG. 3  also shows channels  345  and  365  formed in the space between the bottom edges of the four legs to the underside of horizontal deck  310 . Channels  345  and  365  allow for the water or fluid to flow through module  300 . As shown the entrance way of channel  345 , there is a height of the channel from the bottom of the floor to the underside of the deck. However, the underside of the deck may have a greater height to the floor in the middle of the module than the height of bottom of the floor to the underside of the deck in the channel opening. 
         [0143]      FIGS. 3A ,  3 B and  3 C show various views of module  300 .  FIG. 3A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 3B  is a view across axis A-A where wall  370  is shown. Legs  325  and  330  are also shown in this view as well as channel  345  and wall  350 .  FIG. 3C  is a view across axis B-B where channel  345  is shown. 
         [0144]      FIG. 4  shows another type of module in system  1000 . Module  400  is shown having four legs  420 ,  425 ,  430  and  435 . The four legs  420 ,  425 ,  430  and  435  each support horizontal deck  410 . Each of the four legs  420 ,  425 ,  430  and  435  has a bottom edge. 
         [0145]    Legs  420  and  435  are connected together via beam  460 . Legs  425  and  430  (hidden from  FIG. 4 ) are connected together via wall  470 . Beam  460  is preferably about 12 inches in height or greater from the bottom edge to the top of the beam. Beam  460  is used to control the flow of the water so that it moves in an indirect manner within the system. Beam  460  is also used to allow the water to flow around the system in a serpentine manner. Wall  470  has perforations  480 . Perforations  480  may allow for the water to exit the system. Perforations  480  typically have a diameter of a few inches. 
         [0146]      FIG. 4  also shows window  465  formed in the space between beam  460  and horizontal deck  410 . Module  400  also has a channel  445  which extends through the module from  445  to  455 . The channel  445 / 455  allows for the water to flow uninterrupted through module  400 . 
         [0147]      FIGS. 4A ,  4 B and  4 C show various views of module  400 .  FIG. 4A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 4B  is a view across axis A-A where wall  470  is shown. Legs  425  and  430  are also shown in this view.  FIG. 4C  is a view across axis B-B where channel  445 / 455  is shown. 
         [0148]      FIG. 5  shows another type of module in system  1000 . Module  500  is shown having four legs  520 ,  525 ,  530  and  535 . The four legs  520 ,  525 ,  530  and  535  each support horizontal deck  510 . Each of the four legs  520 ,  525 ,  530  and  535  has a bottom edge. Each of the four legs  520 ,  525 ,  530  and  535  is supported by floor  590 . Floor  590  is shown as being a solid impermeable floor. 
         [0149]    Legs  520  and  525  are connected together via wall  540 . Legs  530  and  535  are connected together via wall  550 . Legs  520  and  535  are connected together via wall  560 . Walls  540 ,  550  and  560  are shown as solid walls. 
         [0150]      FIG. 5  also shows channel  575  formed in the space between floor  590  and the underside of horizontal deck  510 . Channel  575  allows for the water to flow through the module.  FIG. 5  also has either weir  580  or opening  585 . Opening  585  allow an inlet or outlet to be connected to the module (such as inlet  110  or outlet  120  shown in  FIG. 1 ). If a weir  585  is provided, an inlet or outlet is typically not attached. 
         [0151]      FIGS. 5A ,  5 B and  5 C show various views of module  500 .  FIG. 5A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 5B  is a view across axis A-A where channel  575  is shown. Legs  525  and  530  are also shown in this view.  FIG. 5C  is a view across axis B-B where wall  540  is shown. 
         [0152]      FIG. 6  shows another type of module in system  1000 . Module  600  is shown having four legs  620 ,  625 ,  630  and  635 . The four legs  620 ,  625 ,  630  and  635  each support horizontal deck  610 . Each of the four legs  620 ,  625 ,  630  and  635  has a bottom edge. These legs are supported on a floor  690 . Preferably, floor  690  is impermeable. 
         [0153]    Legs  620  and  625  are connected together via wall  640 . Legs  630  and  635  are connected together via wall  650 . Walls  640  and  650  are shown as solid walls. Wall  640  may have an opening  685  attached to the wall. This opening  685  may allow an inlet or outlet to be connected to the module (such as inlet  110  shown in  FIG. 1 ). Such an opening  685  is optional to module  600 . 
         [0154]      FIG. 6  also shows channel  665  formed in the space between the floor  690  and the underside of horizontal deck  610 .  FIG. 6  also shows channel  675  formed in the space between floor  690  and the underside of horizontal deck  610 . The channel height may vary in the module shown in  FIG. 6 . Channel  675  allows for the water to flow through the module and is connected to channel  665  forming channel  665 / 675 . 
         [0155]      FIGS. 6A ,  6 B and  6 C show various views of module  600 .  FIG. 6A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 6B  is a view across axis A-A where channel  665 / 675  is shown. Legs  625  and  630  are also shown in this view.  FIG. 6C  is a view across axis B-B where wall  640  is shown. 
         [0156]      FIG. 7  shows another type of module in system  1000 . Module  700  is shown having four legs  720 ,  725 ,  730  and  735 . The four legs  720 ,  725 ,  730  and  735  each support horizontal deck  710 . Each of the four legs  720 ,  725 ,  730  and  735  has a bottom edge. These legs are supported on a floor  790 . Preferably, floor  790  is impermeable. 
         [0157]    Legs  725  and  730  are connected together via wall  770 . Legs  730  and  735  are connected together via wall  750 . Walls  770  and  750  are shown as solid walls. Wall  750  may have an opening  785 . This opening  785  may allow an inlet or outlet to be connected to the module (such as inlet  110  shown in  FIG. 1 ). Such an opening  785  is optional to module  700 , 
         [0158]      FIG. 7  also shows channel  765  formed in the space between floor  790  and the underside of horizontal deck  710 . Channel  765  allows for the water to flow through module  700 .  FIG. 7  also shows channel  745  formed in the space between floor  790  and the underside of horizontal deck  710 . Channel  745  allows for the water to flow through module  700  and is connected to channel  765 . Channels  745  and  765  may have various heights as the channel height in the center of module  700  is greater than the channel height as the edge of module  700 . 
         [0159]      FIGS. 7A ,  7 B and  7 C show various views of module  700 .  FIG. 7A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 7B  is a view across axis A-A where wall  770  is shown. Legs  725  and  730  are also shown in this view.  FIG. 7C  is a view across axis B-B where channel  745  is shown. 
         [0160]      FIG. 8  shows another type of module in system  1000 . Module  800  is shown having four legs  820 ,  825 ,  830  and  835 . The four legs  820 ,  825 ,  830  and  835  each support horizontal deck  810 . Each of the four legs  820 ,  825 ,  830  and  835  has a bottom edge. 
         [0161]    Legs  820  and  825  are connected together via beam  840 . Legs  820  and  835  are connected together via wall  860 . Wall  860  is shown as a wall with perforations  880 . Window  845  is also shown between the underside of horizontal deck  810  and the top of beam  840 . 
         [0162]      FIG. 8  also shows channel  875  formed in the space between bottom edges of the leg  825  and  830  to the underside of horizontal deck  810 . Channel  875  allows for the water to flow through module  800 .  FIG. 8  also shows channel  855  formed in the space between bottom edges of the leg  830  and  835  to the underside of horizontal deck  810 . Channel  855  allows for the water to flow through the module and is connected to channel  875 . 
         [0163]      FIGS. 8A ,  8 B and  8 C show various views of module  800 .  FIG. 8A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 8B  is a view across axis A-A where channel  875  is shown. Legs  825  and  830  are also shown in this view.  FIG. 8C  is a view across axis B-B where beam  840  and window  845  are shown. 
         [0164]      FIG. 11  shows another type of module in system  1000 . Module  1100  is shown having four legs  1120 ,  1125 ,  1130  and  1135 . Each of the four legs  1120 ,  1125 ,  1130  and  1135  support horizontal deck  1110 . Each of the four legs  1120 ,  1125 ,  1130  and  1135  has a bottom edge. Furthermore, module  1100  has floor  1190 . 
         [0165]    Legs  1120  and  1125  are connected together via wall  1140 . Legs  1125  and  1130  are connected together via wall  1170 . Legs  1120  and  1135  are connected together via wall  1160 . Walls  1140 ,  1160  and  1170  are shown as solid walls. Wall  1160  has an opening  1180 , which allows for an inlet or outlet to be connected to module  1100 .  FIG. 11  also shows channel  1155  formed in the space between floor  1190  and the underside of horizontal deck  1110 . Channel  1155  allows for the water to flow through the module. The water may flow through and enter/exit the module via opening  1185  or channel  1155 . 
         [0166]      FIGS. 11A ,  11 B and  11 C show various views of module  1100 .  FIG. 11A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 11B  is a view across axis A-A where wall  1170  is shown. Legs  1125  and  1130  are also shown in this view.  FIG. 11C  is a view across axis B-B where wall  1140  is shown. 
         [0167]      FIG. 12  shows a type of module in system  1000 . Module  1200  is shown having four legs  1220 ,  1225 ,  1230  and  1235 . The four legs  1220 ,  1225 ,  1230  and  1235  support horizontal deck  1210 . Each of the four legs  1220 ,  1225 ,  1230  and  1235  has a bottom edge. 
         [0168]    Legs  1220  and  1225  are connected together via wall  1240 . Legs  1220  and  1235  are connected together via wall  1260 . Walls  1240  and  1260  are shown having perforations  1280 . Legs  1225  and  1230  are connected together via wall  1270 . Wall  1270  is shown as being a solid wall. In certain embodiments solid wall  1270  may be replaced by a beam and a window. Wall  1260  also may have opening  1295  allowing for an inlet or outlet to be connected to module  1200 . Such an opening  1295  is optional to module  1200 . 
         [0169]      FIG. 12  also shows channel  1255  formed in the space between bottom edges of the leg  1230  and  1235  to the underside of horizontal deck  1210 . Channel  1255  allows for the water to flow through the module. 
         [0170]      FIGS. 12A ,  12 B and  12 C show various views of module  1200 .  FIG. 12A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 12B  is a view across axis A-A where wall  1270  is shown. Legs  1225  and  1230  are also shown in this view.  FIG. 12C  is a view across axis B-B where wall  1240  is shown. 
         [0171]      FIGS. 9 and 9A  each show another embodiment of the invention, system  900 . System  900  is made of various modules, and may have some of the modules previously described. System  900  is shown having an inlet  910  and having two stacks of modules, upper stack  950  and lower stack  960 . Various modules previously described (modules  200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  500 ,  600  and  800 ) may be used in system  900 . Furthermore, additional modules may also be used in system  900 . 
         [0172]      FIGS. 10 and 10A  show a schematic or grid view of system  900 .  FIG. 10  is a view of upper stack  950 .  FIG. 10A  is a view of lower stack  960 . Various modules previously described may be used for upper stack  950  and lower stack  960 . Upper stack  950  and lower stack  960  work together as a coordinated multilayer system. Inlet/outlet  595  is shown in  FIG. 10 . Other inlets and/or outlets may be incorporated into system  900 . 
         [0173]      FIG. 13  shows a type of module in system  900 . Module  1300  is shown having four legs  1320 ,  1325 ,  1330  and  1335 . The four legs  1320 ,  1325 ,  1330  and  1335  support horizontal deck  1310 . Each of the four legs  1320 ,  1325 ,  1330  and  1335  has a bottom edge. 
         [0174]    Legs  1325  and  1330  are connected together via wall  1370 . Wall  1370  is shown as a solid wall. Legs  1330  and  1335  are connected together via wall  1350 . Wall  1350  is shown having perforations  1380 . 
         [0175]      FIG. 13  also shows channel  1345  formed in the space between bottom edges of the leg  1320  and  1325  to the underside of horizontal deck  1310 . Channel  1345  allows for the water to flow through the module.  FIG. 13  also shows channel  1365  formed in the space between bottom edges of the leg  1320  and  1335  to the underside of horizontal deck  1310 . Channel  1365  allows for the water to flow through the module and is connected to channel  1345 . 
         [0176]      FIGS. 13A ,  13 B and  13 C show various views of module  1300 .  FIG. 13A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 13B  is a view across axis A-A where wall  1370  is shown. Legs  1325  and  1330  are also shown in this view.  FIG. 13C  is a view across axis B-B where channel  1345  is shown. 
         [0177]      FIG. 14  shows another type of module in system  900 . Module  1400  is shown having four legs  1420 ,  1425 ,  1430  and  1435 . The four legs  1420 ,  1425 ,  1430  and  1435  support horizontal deck  1410 . Each of the four legs  1420 ,  1425 ,  1430  and  1435  has a bottom edge. 
         [0178]    Legs  1425  and  1430  are connected together via beam  1470 . Window  1475  is shown between the underside of horizontal deck  1410  and the top of beam  1470 . 
         [0179]      FIG. 14  also shows channel  1445  formed in the space between the underside of horizontal deck  1410  and the floor and between leg  1420  and leg  1425 . Channel  1445  allows for the water to flow through the module.  FIG. 14  also shows channel  1455  formed in the space between the underside of horizontal deck  1410  and the floor and between leg  1430  and leg  1435 . Channel  1455  allows for the water to flow through the module and is connected to channel  1445 .  FIG. 14  also shown channel  1465  formed in the space between the underside of horizontal deck  1410  and the floor and between leg  1420  and leg  1435 . Channel  1465  allows for the water to flow through the module and is connected to channel  1445  and channel  1455 . 
         [0180]      FIGS. 14A ,  14 B and  14 C show various views of module  1400 .  FIG. 14A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 14B  is a view across axis A-A where beam  1470  and window  1475  are shown. Legs  1425  and  1430  are also shown in this view.  FIG. 14C  is a view across axis B-B where channel  1445 / 1465  is shown. 
         [0181]      FIG. 15  shows another type of module in system  900 . Module  1500  is shown having four legs  1520 ,  1525 ,  1530  and  1535 . The four legs  1520 ,  1525 ,  1530  and  1535  support horizontal deck  1510 . Each of the four legs  1520 ,  1525 ,  1530  and  1535  has a bottom edge. 
         [0182]    Legs  1520  and  1535  are connected together via wall  1560 . Wall  1560  is shown as having perforations  1580 . 
         [0183]      FIG. 15  also shows channel  1545  formed in the space between bottom edges of the leg  1520  and  1525  to the underside of horizontal deck  1510 . Channel  1545  allows for the water to flow through the module.  FIG. 15  also shows channel  1575  formed in the space between bottom edges of the leg  1525  and  1530  to the underside of horizontal deck  1510 . Channel  1575  allows for the water to flow through the module and is connected to channel  1545 .  FIG. 15  also shows channel  1555  formed in the space between bottom edges of the leg  1530  and  1535  to the underside of horizontal deck  1510 . Channel  1555  allows for the water to flow through the module and is connected to channel  1545  and  1575 . 
         [0184]      FIGS. 15A ,  15 B and  15 C show various views of module  1500 .  FIG. 15A  provides a top view where axes A-A and B-B are shown.  FIG. 15B  is a view across axis A-A where channel  1575  is shown. Legs  1525  and  1530  are also shown in this view.  FIG. 15C  is a view across axis B-B where channel  1545 / 1555  is shown. 
         [0185]      FIG. 16  shows a storage and controlled outflow system  1600 . System  1600  is made of various modules. System  1600  is shown having three inlets  110  and one outlet  120 . However, there may be more inlets or less inlets  110  and outlets  120  for system  1600  than shown in  FIG. 16 . The modules previously described (modules  200 ,  300 ,  400 ,  500 ,  600 ,  700 ,  800 ,  1100  and  1200 ) are shown as being used for system  1600 . Furthermore, system  1600  is shown having a liner  1650 . This liner may be non-perforate and may not allow (i.e. prevent or stop) the water to exit the system through liner  1650 . This acts to retain the water in the system. The liner may increase the amount of the water in the system, until it exits through various openings in the system. 
         [0186]    The modules of various embodiments of the invention are preferably made of concrete, however they may be made of other material, such as cement, gravel, aggregate (such as crushed rock or gravel made of limestone or granite, plus a fine aggregate such as sand). Such materials should be able to support a load. The modules preferably have a reinforced steel frame within the modules for support, and an outer concrete shell. Such a steel frame allows the modules strength to support a load. 
         [0187]    The modules may have a man hole located at the top of the modules. The man hole allows maintenance people to enter the module in the event trash enters the module, and/or the modules need to be cleaned. In certain embodiments, the openings the modules are large enough to allow a man to enter the modules. 
         [0188]    The modules may have an outlet weir with trash rack installed across the weir opening. The modules may have baffles located within the modules. The modules may have other such advantages that allow for flow control in the module. 
         [0189]    Such flow control may also allow the modules to have a sump feature. The modules may also have an optional orifice located on various walls of the modules. The optional orifice may be larger than the perforations shown in the modules, which typically have a diameter of only a few inches. The orifice is typically 24 inches in diameter, however, the orifice described may be larger or smaller than 24 inches depending upon the size of the module. 
         [0190]    Other objectives of the modular system may be met by providing various other modules to assist in flow control of the water within a system. These modules may have water treatment advantages that allow for the water to be treated as it flows through the system. 
         [0191]    These treatment modules may have perforated walls and beams. The treatment modules may have an outlet hole or backwall. The outlet hole on backwall may be 24 inches. The modules may have a 12 inch sump height. The treatment modules may have a filter media to treat the water. The modules may have a trash rack and weir system to control the flow of water. The modules may have filtering, oil/water separation, TSS (total suspended solids), removal, trash and debris removal, nutrient reduction, soluble chemical capture, all dependent on placement of weirs, walls, baffles, beams, and internal outlet control devices. The treatment modules may have filtering, temperature regulation, oxygenation, introduction of chemical treatment, and sterilization capabilities all related to compartmentalized and indirect flow systems). 
         [0192]    The treatment modules may have filter media within the modules. The modules may have an underflow collection system within the modules. The treatment modules may have an outlet pipe that is connected to the filter media. The treatment modules may be located where the modules have a floor such as modules  500 ,  600  and  1100 . The treatment modules may also be located where the floor of the system is made of stone. 
         [0193]    The treatment modules may be arranged in a flow pattern that is serpentine. This allows the water to stay in the system for the optimal amount of time for treatment before exiting the system. This allows for optimal treatment of the water. 
         [0194]      FIG. 17  shows a type of treatment module in the modular system of the invention. Module  1700  is shown having four legs  1720 ,  1725 ,  1730  and  1735 . The four legs  1720 ,  1725 ,  1730  and  1735  support horizontal deck  1710 . Each of the four legs  1720 ,  1725 ,  1730  and  1735  has a bottom edge. 
         [0195]    Legs  1720  and  1725  are connected together via a wall  1740 . Legs  1720  and  1735  are connected together via wall  1760 . Baffle  1765  is shown beneath wall  1760 . The space between legs  1725  and  1730  forms channel  1775 . Wall  1750  is shown as being a solid wall between legs  1730  and  1735 . The module  1700  is also shown having a floor  1790 . 
         [0196]      FIG. 18  shows a type of treatment module in the modular system of the invention. Module  1800  is shown having four legs  1820 ,  1825 ,  1830  and  1835 . The four legs  1820 ,  1825 ,  1830  and  1835  support horizontal deck  1810 . Each of the four legs  1820 ,  1825 ,  1830  and  1835  has a bottom edge. Horizontal deck  1810  has riser  1805 . Riser  1805  may be 24 inches in height. Riser  1805  may be more or less than 24 inches in height. 
         [0197]    Legs  1820  and  1825  are connected together to form a channel  1845 . Legs  1820  and  1835  are connected together via wall  1860 . Legs  1825  and  1830  are connected together to form a low wall  1870 . An opening  1875  is shown above low wall  1870 . The module  1800  is also shown having a floor  1890 . 
         [0198]      FIG. 19  shows a type of treatment module in the modular system of the invention. Module  1900  is shown having four legs  1920 ,  1925 ,  1930  and  1935 . The four legs  1920 ,  1925 ,  1930  and  1935  support horizontal deck  1910 . Each of the four legs  1920 ,  1925 ,  1930  and  1935  has a bottom edge. Horizontal deck  1910  has riser  1905 . Riser  1905  may be 24 inches in height. Riser  1905  may be more or less than 24 inches in height. 
         [0199]    Legs  1920  and  1925  are connected together via low wall  1940 . Window  1945  is shown above low wall  1940 . Legs  1925  and  1930  are connected to form a wall  1970 . Opening  1975  is shown in the wall connected to an outlet  1915 . Legs  1930  and  1935  are connected together to form a wall  1950 . Legs  1920  and  1935  are connected together via channel  1965 . The module  1900  is also shown having a floor  1990 . 
         [0200]      FIG. 20  shows a type of treatment module in the modular system of the invention. Module  2000  is shown having four legs  2020 ,  2025 ,  2030  and  2035 . The four legs  2020 ,  2025 ,  2030  and  2035  support horizontal deck  2010 . Each of the four legs  2020 ,  2025 ,  2030  and  2035  has a bottom edge. Horizontal deck  2010  has riser  2005 . Riser  2005  may be 24 inches in height. Riser  2005  may be more or less than 24 inches in height. Inside module  2000  is filter media  2030  and outlet pipe  2085 . Legs  2030  and  2035  are connected by wall  2050 . 
         [0201]      FIG. 21  shows a type of treatment module in the modular system of the invention. Module  2100  is shown having four corners  2120 ,  2125 ,  2130  and  2135 . Module  2100  is actually made up of two separate modules  2110  and  2115 . Located inside module  2100  is filter media  2130  and output pipe  2180 . Output pipe  2180  is connected to underflow collection system  2185 . Filter media  2130  is used to filter and/or treat water. 
         [0202]      FIG. 22  shows a type of treatment module in the modular system of the invention. Module  2200  is shown having four legs  2220 ,  2225 ,  2230  and  2235 . The four legs  2220 ,  2225 ,  2230  and  2235  support horizontal deck  2210 . Each of the four legs  2220 ,  2225 ,  2230  and  2235  has a bottom edge. Horizontal deck  2210  has riser  2205 . Riser  2205  may be 24 inches in height. 
         [0203]    Legs  2220  and  2225  are connected together to form a channel  2245 . Legs  2220  and  2235  are connected together via wall  2260 . Weir  2265  is above wall  2260 . Trash rack  2262  is shown installed in weir  2265 . Legs  2225  and  2230  are connected together via wall  2270 . Module  2200  is also shown having a floor  2290 . 
         [0204]    Various embodiments of the system may be arranged as either sealed or non-sealed systems. Sealed systems may have a non-perforate liner or another such barrier that will prevent the water from leaving the system. Sealed systems typically only allow water to leave the system via inlets and outlets. 
         [0205]    Non-sealed systems do not have a non-perforate liner. Water may leave the non-sealed systems via perforations in the walls of the perimeter modules and the outlets of the system. Furthermore, in a non-sealed system, water may leave through the floor of the system. 
         [0206]    Other embodiments of the invention involve having stackable systems with a drop outlet structure with control orifice. The drop outlet structure is for a multilayer or stackable system (as shown in  FIGS. 9 ,  9 A,  10  and  10 A), where the water drops from a module in the upper stack to a module in the lower stack. In such a system, the modules may be arranged stacked on a stone base. Such a system may have an outlet control rise with orifice holes and an overflow weir. Such a system may have various weirs located in the system to control flow in the system for accumulation of water. 
         [0207]      FIGS. 2B ,  2 C,  3 B,  3 C,  4 B,  4 C,  5 B,  5 C,  6 B,  6 C,  7 B,  7 C,  8 B,  8 C,  11 B,  11 C,  12 B,  12 C,  13 B,  13 C,  14 B and  14 C allow show modules that may be stackable or are adapted to be stackable. These modules have indentations shown in the top right and top left of each module that are adapted to receive the legs of a corresponding module. This allows the modules to be stacked upon one another. Modules, thus, have a lateral friction element that prevents the modules from moving. 
         [0208]    In certain embodiments, stackable systems may also involve a top level not have a floor (floorless) and the bottom level not have a ceiling (ceilingless), creating a height volume area of twice the size of a module. Certain embodiments also are directed to mixed systems with a mixture of double-stack and single-stack systems. Such systems have a mixture of volume heights, as modules of smaller and greater sizes may be used in such systems. 
         [0209]      FIGS. 23-28  show examples of stackable modules.  FIG. 23  shows a type of stackable module that may be used is a multilayer or stacked system. Module  2300  is shown as being made of two modules, a lower module and an upper module. The lower module has four legs  2320 ,  2325 ,  2330  and  2335 . The four legs  2320 ,  2325 ,  2330  and  2335  support the upper module. Each of the four legs  2320 ,  2325 ,  2330  and  2335  has a bottom edge. The upper module also has four legs  2320 A,  2325 A,  2330 A, and  2335 A. Each of the four legs  2320 A,  2325 ,  2330 A and  2335 A has a bottom edge. The four legs  2320 A,  2325 A,  2330 A and  2335 A support a horizontal deck  2310 A. Legs  2320  and  2325  are connected together by a beam  2340 . Window  2345  is shown above beam  2340 . Legs  2320  and  2335  are connected via beam  2360  with window  2365  shown above beam  2360 . 
         [0210]    Channel  2355  is shown between leg  2330  and  2335 ; channel  2345 A is shown between leg  2320 A and  2325 A; channel  2375 A is shown between leg  2325 A and  2330 A; channel  2355 A is shown between let  2330 A and  2335 A; and channel  2365 A is shown between leg  2320 A and  2335 A. The lower module has opening  2310  in its ceiling instead of having a horizontal deck. 
         [0211]      FIG. 24  shows a type of stackable module that may be used is a multilayer or stacked system. Module  2400  is shown as being made of two modules, a lower module and an upper module. The lower module has four legs  2420 ,  2425 ,  2430  and  2345 . The four legs  2420 ,  2425 ,  2430  and  2435  support the upper module. Each of the four legs  2420 ,  2425 ,  2430  and  2435  has a bottom edge. The upper module also has four legs  2420 A,  2425 A,  2430 A, and  2435 A. Each of the four legs  2420 A,  2425 ,  2430 A and  2435 A has a bottom edge. The four legs  2420 A,  2425 A,  2430 A and  2435 A support a horizontal deck  2410 A. 
         [0212]    Legs  2420  and  2435  are connected together by a beam  2460 . Window  2465  is shown above beam  2460 . Legs  2420 A and  2435 A are connected via beam  2460 A with window  2465 A shown above beam  2460 A. Legs  2425  and  2430  are connected together via beam  2470 . Window  2475  is shown above beam  2470 . Legs  2425 A and  2430 A are connected together via beam  2470 A. Window  2475 A is shown above beam  2470 A. Channel  2455  is shown between leg  2430  and  2435 ; channel  2455 A is shown between leg  2430 A and  2435 A; channel  2445  is shown between leg  2420  and  2425 ; and channel  2445 A is shown between leg  2320 A and  2325 A. The lower module has opening  2410  in its ceiling instead of having a horizontal deck. 
         [0213]      FIG. 25  shows a type of stackable module that may be used is a multilayer or stacked system. Module  2500  is shown as being made of two modules, a lower module and an upper module. The lower module has four legs  2520 ,  2525 ,  2530  and  2545 . The four legs  2520 ,  2525 ,  2530  and  2535  support the upper module. Each of the four legs  2520 ,  2525 ,  2530  and  2535  has a bottom edge. The upper module also has four legs  2520 A,  2525 A,  2530 A, and  2535 A. Each of the four legs  2520 A,  2525 ,  2530 A and  2535 A has a bottom edge. The four legs  2520 A,  2525 A,  2530 A and  2535 A support a horizontal deck  2510 A. 
         [0214]    Legs  2520  and  2535  are connected together by a beam  2560 . Window  2565  is shown above beam  2560 . Legs  2520 A and  2535 A are connected via beam  2560 A with window  2565 A shown above beam  2560 A. Legs  2525  and  2530  are connected together via wall  2570 . Legs  2525 A and  2530 A are connected together via wall  2570 A. Perforations  2580  are shown in wall  2570  and wall  2570 A. Channel  2555  is shown between leg  2530  and  2455 ; channel  2555 A is shown between leg  2530 A and  2535 A; channel  2545  is shown between leg  2520  and  2525 ; and channel  2545 A is shown between leg  2520 A and  2525 A. The lower module has opening  2510  in its ceiling instead of having a horizontal deck. 
         [0215]      FIG. 26  shows a type of stackable module that may be used is a multilayer or stacked system. Module  2600  is shown as being made of two modules, a lower module and an upper module. The lower module has four legs  2620 ,  2625 ,  2630  and  2645 . The four legs  2620 ,  2625 ,  2630  and  2635  support the upper module. Each of the four legs  2620 ,  2625 ,  2630  and  2635  has a bottom edge. The upper module also has four legs  2620 A,  2625 A,  2630 A, and  2635 A. Each of the four legs  2620 A,  2625 ,  2630 A and  2635 A has a bottom edge. The four legs  2620 A,  2625 A,  2630 A and  2635 A support a horizontal deck  2610 A. 
         [0216]    Legs  2620  and  2635  are connected together by a beam  2660 . Window  2665  is shown above beam  2660 . Legs  2620 A and  2635 A are connected together by a beam  2660 A. Window  2665 A is shown above beam  2660 A. Legs  2625  and  2630  are connected together via wall  2670 . Legs  2625 A and  2630 A are connected together via wall  2670 A. Legs  2630  and  2635  are connected together via wall  2650 . Legs  2630 A and  2635 A are connected together via wall  2650 A. Perforations  2680  are shown in wall  2670 , wall  2670 A, wall  2650  and wall  2650 A. Channel  2645  is shown between leg  2620  and  2625 ; and channel  2645 A is shown between leg  2620 A and  2625 A. The lower module has opening  2610  in its ceiling instead of having a horizontal deck. 
         [0217]      FIG. 27  shows a type of stackable module that may be used is a multilayer or stacked system. Module  2700  is shown as being made of two modules, a lower module and an upper module. The lower module has four legs  2720 ,  2725 ,  2730  and  2745 . The four legs  2720 ,  2725 ,  2730  and  2735  support the upper module. Each of the four legs  2720 ,  2725 ,  2730  and  2735  has a bottom edge. The upper module also has four legs  2720 A,  2725 A,  2730 A, and  2735 A. Each of the four legs  2720 A,  2725 ,  2730 A and  2735 A has a bottom edge. The four legs  2720 A,  2725 A,  2730 A and  2735 A support a horizontal deck  2710 A. 
         [0218]    Legs  2720  and  2735  are connected together by a beam  2760 . Window  2765  is shown above beam  2760 . Legs  2720 A and  2735 A are connected together by a beam  2760 A. Window  2765 A is shown above beam  2760 A. Legs  2725  and  2730  are connected together via wall  2770 . Legs  2725 A and  2730 A are connected together via wall  2770 A. Legs  2730  and  2735  are connected together via wall  2750 . Legs  2730 A and  2735 A are connected together via wall  2750 A. Perforations  2780  are shown in wall  2770 , wall  2770 A, wall  2750  and wall  2750 A. Wall  2750 A also has opening  2718  and output pipe  2715 A. Channel  2745  is shown between leg  2720  and  2725 ; and channel  2745 A is shown between leg  2720 A and  2625 A. The lower module has floor  2710 A. 
         [0219]      FIG. 28  shows a type of stackable module that may be used is a multilayer or stacked system. Module  2800  is shown as being made of two modules, a lower module and an upper module. The lower module has four legs  2820 ,  2825 ,  2830  and  2845 . The four legs  2820 ,  2825 ,  2830  and  2835  support the upper module. Each of the four legs  2820 ,  2825 ,  2830  and  2835  has a bottom edge. The upper module also has four legs  2820 A,  2825 A,  2830 A, and  2835 A. Each of the four legs  2820 A,  2825 ,  2830 A and  2835 A has a bottom edge. The four legs  2820 A,  2825 A,  2830 A and  2835 A support a horizontal deck  2810 A. 
         [0220]    Legs  2820  and  2835  are connected together by a beam  2860 . Window  2865  is shown above beam  2860 . Legs  2820 A and  2835 A are connected together by a beam  2860 A. Window  2865 A is shown above beam  2860 A. Legs  2825  and  2830  are connected together via wall  2870 . Legs  2825 A and  2830 A are connected together via wall  2870 A. Legs  2820  and  2825  are connected together via wall  2640 . Legs  2820 A and  2825 A are connected together via wall  2840 A. Perforations  2680  are shown in wall  2870 , wall  2870 A, wall  2840  and wall  2840 A. Channel  2855  is shown between leg  2830  and  2835 ; and channel  2855 A is shown between leg  2830 A and  2835 A. The lower module has opening  2810  in its ceiling instead of having a horizontal deck. Wall  2840 A has an opening  2890 A. 
         [0221]    Dimensions of the modules shown in  FIGS. 23-28  may be shown has having 12 inch beams (12 inches being the beam height); however, beams with other heights may be used, such as having beams that have a height of greater than 12 inches. The modules shown in  FIGS. 23-28  are typically are approximately 8 feet wide and 8 feet deep and have a lower module height of 3 feet 8 inches and an upper modules height of 4 feet 8 inches when employing 12 inch beams. However, the modules shown in these figures can have a greater and smaller size. The modules can range in height, so as to allow a man to enter the module to service it. 
         [0222]    Furthermore, modules typically have the ability to support 10,000 to 14,000 pounds of weight. However, modules may support additional weight based on materials used, such as having a steel frame internal to the concrete outer shell. Modules may be made of other materials known in the art, and may be made of materials that are more expensive and have greater load bearing capabilities, if desired. 
         [0223]    Embodiments of the present invention have various advantages for the environment and have additional “green advantages” that have a positive impact on the environment. Notably, the present invention has a smaller environmental footprint, has more optimal use of area via geometry, and has less stone hauling and less material use than existing systems. 
         [0224]    Embodiments of the present invention may do multiple processes, such as treatment, in a single module, and use less material and impact less surface area than existing systems. Embodiments of the present invention have stackability of the modules and/or may be a multilayered system, which reduces the environmental footprint of the systems. 
         [0225]    Embodiments of the present invention have flow control to reduce erosion in receiving water, have water quality control treatment processes, have water reuse processing and storage, and also have irrigation runoff usage. Embodiments of the present invention have wastewater secondary grey water systems for use for irrigation, have non-sanitary water use and savings, treatment and storage. 
         [0226]    Embodiments of the present invention may have water reuse for fire protection, temperature control of warmed parking lot runoff, wastewater detention relieving undersized public utilities loading, combine sewer storage and treatment, and surge flow protection. Embodiments of the present invention have ground water recharge, and may be used in conjunction with bio retention systems. 
         [0227]    Embodiments of the present invention may support elements of green designs by virtue of the application. The material on construction is green by being a natural product. Embodiments of the present invention support fuel and energy reduction by a multi-use concept. Embodiments of the present invention support water reuse for secondary functions and water flow control to reduce the environmental impacts for receiving water, such as counterbalancing increased flows due to increase in hard surfaces. 
         [0228]    While the invention has been specifically described in connection with certain specific embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that this is by way of illustration and not of limitation and that various changes and modifications in form and details may be made thereto, and the scope of the appended claims should be construed as broadly as the prior art will permit. 
         [0229]    The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature, and thus, variations that do not depart from the gist of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention.