Abstract:
The present disclosure provides for an improved application of signal strength weightings in an SDMA sectored cellular network. The improved signal strength weightings application is conducted through the improved selection of weightings from a new codebook subset or by the selection of weightings from a larger codebook subset. In a further embodiment, an antenna beam index or bit map can be used to select the best beam(s) in an SDMA sectored cellular network. In another embodiment, a field or factor in an uplink or downlink transmission packet can designate which directional transmission beam is best suited for the transmission or when the directional transmission beam should be activated.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION DATA 
       [0001]    This application is related to Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/048,716 filed on Apr. 29, 2008, and priority is claimed for these earlier filings under 35 U.S.C. §119(e). The Provisional Patent Application is also incorporated by reference into this utility patent application. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    A system and method for selection of codebook subset in a mobile communication system having multiple transmit antennas. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    There is an increasing demand on mobile wireless operators to provide voice and high-speed data services, and at the same time, these operators want to support more users per basestation to reduce overall network costs and make the services affordable to subscribers. As a result, wireless systems that enable higher data rates and higher capacities are needed. The available spectrum for wireless services is limited, and the prior attempts to increase traffic within a fixed bandwidth have increased interference in the system and degraded signal quality. 
         [0004]    One problem exists when prior art omni-directional antennas are used at the basestation because the transmission/reception of each user&#39;s signal becomes a source of interference to other users located in the same cell location on the network, making the overall system interference limited. Such an omni-directional antenna is shown in  FIG. 1(   a ). In these traditional mobile cellular network systems, the base station has no information on the position of the mobile units within the cell and radiates the signal in all directions within the cell in order to provide radio coverage. This results in wasting power on transmissions when there are no mobile units to reach, in addition to causing interference for adjacent cells using the same frequency, so called co-channel cells. Likewise, in reception, the antenna receives signals coming from all directions including noise and interference. 
         [0005]    An effective way to reduce this type of interference is to use multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) technology that supports multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver. For a multiple antenna broadcast channel, such as the downlink on a cellular network, transmit/receive strategies have been developed to maximize the downlink throughput by splitting up the cell into multiple sectors and using sectorized antennas to simultaneously communicate with multiple users. Such sectorized antenna technology offers a significantly improved solution to reduce interference levels and improve the system capacity. 
         [0006]    The sectorized antenna system is characterized by a centralized transmitter (cell site/tower) that simultaneously communicates with multiple receivers (user equipment, cell phone, etc.) that are involved in the communication session. With this technology, each user&#39;s signal is transmitted and received by the basestation only in the direction of that particular user. This allows the system to significantly reduce the overall interference in the system. A sectorized antenna system, as shown in  FIG. 1(   b ), consists of an array of antennas that direct different transmission/reception beams toward each user in the system or different directions in the cellular network based on the user&#39;s location. 
         [0007]    The radiation pattern of the base station, both in transmission and reception, is adapted to each user to obtain highest gain in the direction of that user. By using sectorized antenna technology and by leveraging the spatial location of mobile units within the cell, communication techniques called space-division multiple access (SDMA) have been developed for enhancing performance. Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA) techniques essentially creates multiple, uncorrelated spatial pipes transmitting simultaneously through beamforming and/or precoding, by which it is able to offer superior performance in multiple access radio communication systems. 
         [0008]    This method of orthogonally directing transmissions and reception of signals is called beamforming, and it is made possible through advanced signal processing at the base station. In beamforming, each user&#39;s signal is multiplied with complex weights that adjust the magnitude and phase of the signal to and from each antenna. This causes the output from the array of sectorized antennas to form a transmit/receive beam in the desired direction and minimizes the output in other directions, which can be seen graphically in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0009]    While known methods exist in the conventional multi-user multiple antenna systems that employ an orthogonal precoder to place weightings on the spatially orthogonal beamforming transmissions, the known methods and systems are not optimized in the precoding operations, and thereby fail to optimize the performance on the network. The present invention resolves these problems. Further, the installation of many antennas at single base stations can have many challenges which are resolved by the present invention. Since the available spectrum band will probably be limited while the requirement of data rate will continuously increase, the present invention also supports an expansion of the available spectrum over known methods for precoding in the cellular network. 
         [0010]    The various components on the system may be called different names depending on the nomenclature used on any particular network configuration or communication system. For instance, “user equipment” encompasses PC&#39;s on a cabled network, as well as other types of equipment coupled by wireless connectivity directly to the cellular network as can be experienced by various makes and models of mobile terminals (“cell phones”) having various features and functionality, such as Internet access, e-mail, messaging services, and the like. 
         [0011]    Further, the words “receiver” and “transmitter” may be referred to as “access point” (AP), “basestation,” and “user” depending on which direction the communication is being transmitted and received. For example, an access point AP or a basestation (eNodeB or eNB) is the transmitter and a user is the receiver for downlink environments, whereas an access point AP or a basestation (eNodeB or eNB) is the receiver and a user is the transmitter for uplink environments. These terms (such as transmitter or receiver) are not meant to be restrictively defined, but could include various mobile communication units or transmission devices located on the network. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0012]    The present invention provides for an improved application of signal strength weightings in a SDMA sectorized cellular network. The improved signal strength weightings application is conducted through the improved selection of weightings from a new codebook subset or by the selection of weightings from a larger codebook subset. In a further embodiment, an antenna beam index or bit map can be used to select the best beam(s) in a SDMA sectorized cellular network. In another embodiment, a field or factor in an uplink or downlink transmission packet can designate which directional transmission beam is best suited for the transmission or when the directional transmission beam should be activated. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]    The objects and features of the invention will become more readily understood from the following detailed description and appended claims when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like elements and in which: 
           [0014]      FIG. 1  is a graphical illustration of an omni-directional antenna (a) and a sectorized antenna (b); 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a graphical illustration of a weighted sectorized transmission beam directed to the desired user; 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  is a graphical illustration of a multiple antenna transmission system using precoding; 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  is a codebook subset table for constant modulus; 
           [0018]      FIG. 5  is a codebook subset table for antenna selection; 
           [0019]      FIG. 6  is a precoding codebook subset table; 
           [0020]      FIG. 7  is a precoding codebook subset table; 
           [0021]      FIG. 8  is a precoding codebook subset table proposed in the present invention; 
           [0022]      FIG. 9  is a precoding codebook subset table proposed in the present invention; 
           [0023]      FIG. 10  is a larger precoding codebook subset table proposed in the present invention; and, 
           [0024]      FIG. 11  is a precoding codebook subset table proposed in the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0025]    In  FIG. 1(   a ), the overall transmission architecture  100  of an omni-directional antenna  105  that transmits radially outward equally in various directions shown by arrows  125 ,  115 ,  135  and  140 . The perimeter of the coverage area is shown by the area  120  for the transmission architecture  100 . Improved efficiencies have been achieved by using the sectorized antenna architecture  140  shown in  FIG. 1(   b ). 
         [0026]    Multiple antennas  145 ,  147  and  148  are shown in the architecture  140 , wherein each antenna is directed toward a different region of the cellular network shown by the directional transmission  175  for coverage area  150 , transmission  190  for coverage area  157 , and directional transmission  180  for coverage area  155 . In this context, it is possible for system capacity to be improved by the sectorized architecture. 
         [0027]    By weighting the various transmission signals, additional efficiencies and reduced interferences can be achieved as shown in  FIG. 2  for the sectorized architecture  200 . Multiple antenna  215 ,  220 ,  227  and  230  direct transmissions (or receive transmissions) in the sectorized antenna architecture  200 . A directional antenna beam  235  is formed by scaling the signal with a set of weighting factors applied to an array of antenna elements, such as antenna element  230 . The desired user  205  is shown receiving a desired transmission  245  in coverage area  235 , which is a heavily weighted transmission meant to be directed to that user  205 . An interfering user  210  is shown with less weighted transmission signals  240  to reduce the interference encountered by that user  210 . 
         [0028]    In  FIG. 3 , a precoding architecture  300  is shown where a data input  301  is fed into the user selection component  310 . The user selection component  310  sends the appropriate data through the appropriate data signal line  315  to the precoding component  321 . The appropriate data for each user  350 ,  351 ,  352  may consist of channel encoded, interleaved, rate-matched, scrambled and/or modulated symbols. The precoding component  321  provides an appropriate weighting for the signal strength to be transmitted on the multiple antennas  320 ,  322  or  325 . Based on the targeted user  350 ,  351  and  352 , the signal strength weighting of the multiple antennas to each of these targeted user will be adjusted to increase the efficiency of the data transfer to the desired user and reduce interference with other users on the system. 
         [0029]    The selection of specific codes to be used in the precoding component  321  to provide appropriate weightings for the signal strength are shown in several tables documented in  FIGS. 4-11 . In  FIG. 4 , a constant modulus 2-Tx codebook is shown, and in  FIG. 5 , an antenna selection 2-Tx codebook is shown. A codebook accepted under the TS 36.211 v8.2.0 standard is shown in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0030]    There are two possible configurations for the codebook selection using the codebooks at  FIGS. 4 ,  5  and  6 . In one configuration, the attachment point (base station/antenna) may select one of the two subsets shown in  FIG. 4  or  5  for use in a sector where the user is located. The attachment point selects a subset codebook for all user equipment in the same sector, such as using only the codebook shown in  FIG. 4  or  5 . The attachment point selects the codebook subset for the user equipment based on some knowledge of the user equipment&#39;s channel condition. The channel condition information includes information regarding the user equipment&#39;s location information, the error rate for transmissions to the user equipment, the number of re-transmissions to the user equipment, and the uplink sounding or other uplink transmissions, with the uplink received beam-forming using a similar beam pattern as that for the downlink transmission. 
         [0031]    In a second configuration, the user equipment can select the appropriate codebook subset to be used in  FIG. 6 , and the user equipment can select between a total of 9 different distinct codewords for a 2-Tx two transmission antenna system. The user equipment transmits an indicator that implicitly or explicitly indicates which codebook subset is chosen. The subset selection will be dictated in the second configuration through a higher layer activation depending on the codeword selected from the codewords shown in  FIG. 6 , and the index of the selected codeword in the subset is signaled using 2 bits through the normal PMI feedback indicator field value. To support this approach, the PMI indicator for both the downlink and uplink signaling needs 2-bits. 
         [0032]    As an alternative, the codebook shown in  FIG. 7  can be substituted for the various codebooks shown above in  FIG. 4  or  5 . Instead of using the previously-identified codebooks in  FIGS. 4-7 , the present invention also supports the use of codebook subsets shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 , either of which can be used in the above configurations. That is, the codebooks in  FIGS. 8 and 9  can be selected using two configurations. 
         [0033]    In one configuration, the attachment point (base station/antenna) may select one of the two subsets shown in  FIG. 7 , and either  FIG. 8  or  9  for use in a sector where the user is located. The attachment point selects a subset codebook for all user equipment in the same sector, such as using only the codebook shown in either  FIG. 8  or  9 . The attachment point selects the codebook subset for the user equipment based on some knowledge of the user equipment&#39;s channel condition. The channel condition information includes information regarding the user equipment&#39;s location information, the error rate for transmissions to the user equipment, the number of re-transmissions to the user equipment, and the uplink sounding or other uplink transmissions, with the uplink received beam-forming using a similar beam pattern as that for the downlink transmission. 
         [0034]    In a second configuration, the user equipment can select the appropriate codebook subset to be used in either  FIG. 8  or  9 , and the user equipment can select between the different distinct codewords for a two transmission antenna (2-Tx) system. The user equipment transmits an indicator that implicitly or explicitly indicates which codebook subset is chosen. The subset selection will be dictated in the second configuration through a higher layer activation depending on the codeword selected from the codewords shown in  FIG. 7 , and either  FIG. 8  or  9 , and the index of the selected codeword in the subset is signaled using 2 bits through the normal PMI feedback indicator field value. To support this approach, the PMI indicator for both the downlink and uplink signaling needs 2-bits. 
         [0035]    Further, the attachment point may also use a larger codebook subset table as shown in  FIGS. 10 and 11  for use in a sector where the user is located. The attachment point selects a codebook for all user equipment in the same sector, such as using only the codebook shown in  FIG. 10  or  11 . To support this approach, the original codebook with antenna selection codewords will be optimized using 3 bits, and the PMI indicator for both the downlink and uplink signaling needs 3-bits to allow the proper selection of the increased number of codewords. The selection of the codebook subset for this configuration can also be configured using the Radio Resource Configuration (RRC) signaling, which can select the use of codebooks in  FIG. 10  or  11  instead of other default codebook subsets set by the system. The attachment point may also select the codebook subset for the user equipment based on some knowledge of the user equipment&#39;s channel condition. The channel condition information includes information regarding the user equipment&#39;s location information, the error rate for transmissions to the user equipment, the number of re-transmissions to the user equipment, and the uplink sounding or other uplink transmissions, with the uplink received beam-forming using a similar beam pattern as that for the downlink transmission. 
         [0036]    The application of the signal strength weightings can also be optimized using an antenna beam indicator. The indicator may be a field in the uplink or downlink transmission packets. The length (number of bits) for such an indicator will depend on the number of available antennas in the network location. One bit length is sufficient for two antenna architectures, while 2 bits is sufficient to designate up to four antennas. The antenna beam indicator can also be designated according to a bit map with each bit identifying one of the available beams that can be used to communicate with the user equipment. 
         [0037]    Based on the specific beam location, the user equipment will provide an indicator bit value or bit map value indicating which beam can provide the best coverage for that user equipment. The use of that antenna beam indicator over a specific period of time will depend on the user equipment mobility, with the indicator being valid longer for slower moving user equipment and being valid for a shorter period of time for faster moving user equipment. Thus, the antenna beam indication needs to be updated with a periodicity corresponding to the changes. 
         [0038]    The use of an antenna beam indicator is made possible through the estimation of the uplink transmission condition, such as an analysis of the sounding, random access, or other types of uplink transmissions from the user equipment. The access point may also use a direction-finding algorithm to determine the beam index for user equipment using the SDMA protocols. The CQI index can be used to provide selection information to the access point, which can also analyze the signal-to-interference and noise ratio and identification of the serving beam for the user equipment. 
         [0039]    In systems with switching beams or opportunistic beams (e.g. OSTMA), the user equipment provides a CQI index when it is within the coverage area of a beam that has been switched (powered) on. Based on the time when the CQI is received by the access point, the beam index can be implicitly determined because the beam pattern is known by the access point. 
         [0040]    The technology as described above allows the configuration of additional codebooks for UE feedback in closed-loop operations, so that a more appropriate codebook can be used to support different antenna configurations, e.g. correlated, uncorrelated or cross-polarized antenna systems. To allow the support of various antenna configurations that would be favorable for different deployment scenarios, e.g., correlated, uncorrelated or cross-polarized antenna systems, LTE-Advanced may support additional codebooks to be used for UE feedback in closed-loop operations. For backward compatibility, higher-layer (RRC) signaling can be used to configure the use of a different codebook by some or all of the UEs conveniently, depending on the UE capability, e.g., Rel-8 UEs or LTE-A UEs, and the deployment configuration, e.g., correlated, uncorrelated or cross-polarized antenna systems. As the codebook is configurable, the larger UE-specific codebook can be configured when a higher capacity is required in the deployed system. Otherwise, the smaller codebook can be used to minimize UE complexity. 
         [0041]    While the foregoing has been with reference to a particular embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes in this embodiment may be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims.