Abstract:
A machine for collecting and pressing a crop to roll-shaped bales has a crop collecting device and a bale-forming device with a winding chamber arranged downstream of the crop collecting device. The bale-forming device is guided about first and second stationary deflection devices. Guides are positioned between the first and second stationary deflection guides. During a first bale-forming phase, the bale-forming device travels along a spatially determined movement path on the guides. During a subsequent bale-forming phase, the bale-forming device is transferred to additional movement paths that are independent of the guides and are determined by the diameter of the bale. The maximum bale diameter is selectable by moveable control devices. After the bale reaches the selected maximum diameter, the bale-forming device initiates a compression phase and exerts a compression force on the bale from the exterior to the interior of the bale.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention relates to a machine for collecting and pressing an agricultural harvest or crop, for example, grass, hay, straw or the like, to roll-shaped bales. The machine comprises a winding chamber that can be opened, wherein the winding chamber has a bale-forming device arranged downstream of the crop collecting device and guided across at least a first and a second stationary deflection devices. During a bale-forming phase, the bale-forming device travels within the winding chamber along a spatially determined movement path on guides. For compressing the bale to be formed after reaching a maximum bale diameter, the bale-forming device exerts on the bale a compression force in a direction from the exterior to the interior of the bale. 
   In customary configurations, machines of the aforementioned kind for collecting and pressing an agricultural harvest or crop are designed as round balers having a fixed chamber configuration; they have a bale-forming device that during the entire bale-forming phase travels along a spatially determined movement path and, for this purpose, is guided on guides provided on the housing. With such machines, bales of a certain bale diameter can be formed in that harvested material is supplied by means of a crop collecting device to the bale-forming chamber and, after filling of the provided bale-forming chamber, the bale-forming device exerts a compression force in a direction from the exterior to the interior onto the bale to be formed so that this compression phase is carried out subsequent to the preceding crop supply phase and the bale forming phase. With such machines, bales can be formed that, as a result of the bale compression phase provided at the end of the bale forming phase, have a relatively hard external diameter area while they have at the same time a relatively soft bale core. This can have advantages for a subsequent processing of the bale in that the relatively soft bale core can be divided with simple means and also without great force expenditure. 
   Moreover, it is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,549,480, to design machines for collecting and pressing an agricultural harvest as baling presses with a variable size of the winding chamber; in such devices, starting with the initial bale-forming phase, the bale to be formed is guided constantly on the bale-forming device by means of a spatially variably moved bale-forming device so that the bale-forming device, even during the entire filling process of the variable winding chamber, exerts a force onto the bale and a subsequent compression phase is thus not needed. Because compression of the bale is carried out continuously, the bales are ejected at a desired final diameter range of the bale in a finished state from the bale-forming chamber; it is therefore possible to produce bales with different diameters and thus with different sizes. 
   A bale that has been produced on such a variable machine differs however with regard to its configuration, for example, with regard to the stiffness of the bale core, from a bale that has been produced on a machine that operates in accordance with the fixed chamber principle. A bale that has been produced on such a machine with variable winding chamber is therefore different with regard to its break-up properties from a bale that has been produced on a fixed chamber machine. A disadvantage of machines that operate according to the variable bale-forming principle is moreover the high technical expenditure in the form of the constructive means that enable the variability of the bale size and a permanent force action. Moreover, with such machines it is not possible to form bales that have a relatively soft bale core. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   It is an object of the present invention to provide a machine of the aforementioned kind that has a constructively simple bale-forming device but enables at the same time forming of bales of different sizes. 
   This is achieved in that the machine of the aforementioned kind for collecting and pressing an agricultural harvest or crop is characterized in accordance with the present invention in that the bale-forming device can be transferred from the spatially determined movement path during a first bale-forming phase to additional movement paths during a subsequent bale-forming phase, wherein the additional movement paths are independent of the guides and are determined by the diameter of the bale to be formed, up to an adjustable bale diameter, wherein the adjustable maximum bale diameter is selectable by moveable control means and, after reaching the selected bale diameter, the compression in a direction from the exterior to the interior of the bale to be formed can be initiated as a bale compression phase. 
   In this way, a machine for collecting and pressing an agricultural harvest or crop is provided in which the bale is first treated in the same way as in a fixed chamber machine in that the harvested material is loosely filled by a crop collecting device into the bale-forming chamber without the crop being subjected already to a force essential for a compression phase by the bale-forming device. During this phase, the bale-forming device, in a way analog to a fixed chamber machine, travels along a spatially determined movement path that is defined constructively by the machine. When doing so, a polygon effect occurs with regard to pre-compression of the harvested material in that during this first bale-forming phase the harvested material is pre-compressed in a pulsating fashion. This can be favorably affected by a polygonal bale-forming chamber. Only after reaching a bale size that causes the bale to come into contact with the bale-forming device, a further bale-forming phase can follow in which the bale-forming device will rest at all times against the bale to be formed. During this subsequent bale-forming phase that occurs subsequent to the first bale-forming phase, the bale-forming device travels along changing movement paths that are determined in accordance with the growing bale size up to an area that is preselected by the operator and predetermined by control means. The preselected area therefore determines also the selectable maximum bale diameter of the bale to be formed. When this maximum bale diameter is reached, as in fixed chamber machines, the compression of the outer bale diameter area is carried out in that the bale compression phase is initiated and, accordingly, a bale is to be formed that, for a variable bale diameter, has a relatively soft bale core and a relatively strongly compressed exterior skin. 
   All of this can be accomplished with constructively relatively simple means so that a machine is made available that, with regard to its functional principle, is a fixed chamber machine but is not limited to a particular bale size. Accordingly, with such a machine bales can be formed having, for example, a size of 100 to 125 cm or 125 to 150 cm in diameter. In this connection, the smaller diameter range can be also achieved, for example, in that the additional bale-forming phase with the additional movement paths of the bale-forming device is no longer reached but the control means ensure as a result of the selected position that directly after completion of the first bale-forming phase already the compression phase is carried out. The operator of the machine can therefore use the machine according to the invention also purely as a fixed chamber machine without variably enlarging the bale-forming chamber starting at a certain diameter. Moreover, with simple and operator-friendly means, the operator can also produce, as needed, larger bales wherein for this selected bale-forming process the additional bale-forming phase follows the first bale-forming phase before the compression phase is carried out. 
   Preferably, the adjusting or control means are stops, limiting elements and the like wherein a limiting element or an abutment can be attached to the housing and another stop element, for example, can be made adjustable in order to realize the selectable diameter range. Alternatively, it is also feasible to provide pneumatic or hydraulic control means with appropriate blocked adjusted positions in order to configure the corresponding stops or abutments with an end position that is adjustable in a simple way. In an especially preferred embodiment of the machine according to the invention, several stationary deflection devices can be provided. The bale-forming chamber is initially delimited by sidewall sections of the housing. Beginning at a certain height, the bale-forming chamber can be widened and can be provided with a step that widens the sidewalls laterally to the exterior of the machine. In this area, additional guide rollers can be stationarily supported on which the bale-forming device will be guided for securing a certain movement path within the machine. By the widened section above these guides, an evasion space for the bale-forming device is provided so that an evasive movement of the bale-forming device into this space is possible when the additional movement paths of the bale-forming device are to be enabled after reaching or completing the first bale-forming phase. By means of the provided deflection rollers and by means of belts that are preferably provided and are components of the bale-forming device, the operating noise of the bale-forming device is extremely reduced in comparison to conventional machines. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     Further advantages and configurations of the invention result from the dependent claims, the following description and the drawings. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic section side view of a machine with illustration of one position of the bale-forming device during the first bale-forming phase. 
       FIG. 2  is an illustration analog to  FIG. 1  illustrating the bale-forming device in the end position, i.e., in the compression phase. 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic perspective illustration of the bale-forming device that in the illustrated embodiment is guided about deflection rollers and a step at the sidewalls of the housing of the machine and is provided with lateral belts as well as rods (crossbars). 
       FIG. 4  is a section illustration in the belt and crossbar area of the bale-forming device and of a stationary deflection roller in the stepped housing section illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 5  is a schematic section view of the bale-forming device in the position according to  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic section view of the bale-forming device in the position of  FIG. 2 . 
       FIG. 7  shows schematically a second embodiment having a hydraulic pump that is independent of a safety coupling. 
       FIG. 8  shows a control means of a storage device of the bale-forming device in a position for a small-size crop bale. 
       FIG. 9  shows a control means of a storage device of the bale-forming device in a position for a large-size crop bale. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   The drawings show in a few illustrations one side of the machine with the parts provided thereat. It is understood that these parts are present or may be present also on the other machine side that is not illustrated. 
   The machine  1  in the illustrated embodiment is a round bale press and has a bale-forming device  2  that forms a winding chamber  3 . This winding chamber  3  has an intake opening  4  through which the harvested material or crop collected by the crop collecting device  6 , for example, hay and silage, is introduced into the winding chamber  3 . A drive roller  7  divides the bale-forming device  2  into a load run and a return run  9 . The rollers  11  (conveying elements) that are arranged on opposed sides of the opening  4  delimit the winding chamber  3 . 
   In addition, a first stationary deflection device in the form of deflection rollers  16  as well as a second deflection device in the form of deflection rollers  7  are provided, wherein the deflection rollers  7  are the drive rollers for the bale-forming device  2 . In addition, in the illustrated embodiment there are stationarily supported additional deflection rollers  12  that are arranged on a step  12 . 1  of the sidewall sections  12 . 2 ,  12 . 3  ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ) of the housing of the machine; the step  12 . 1  projects inwardly. 
   In this area, the housing is therefore widened so that above the guide or deflection rollers  12  and the end areas of the rods or crossbars  2 . 2  and of the pulling means in the form of belts  2 . 1  for the bale-forming device  2 , an empty space is provided into which the bale-forming device  2  can be deflected (upwardly in the illustration according to  FIG. 4 ). 
   The bale-forming device  2  also has an area that is generally referred to as storage  14  and is supported by a deflection roller  18  that is supported on a tensioning arm  19 . A spring  13  forming a force storage device engages the tensioning arm  19 . Accordingly, the bale-forming device  2  can be deflected in this area. When the winding chamber  3  is being filled, an outwardly oriented pressure is exerted onto the load run  8  and the spring  13  is compressed. In this way, the length of the bale-forming device  2  between the deflection rollers  18 ,  19 ,  21  is changed. The growth of the crop bale goes hand in hand with an enlargement of the winding chamber  3 . In this way, it is ensured also that in such a bale-forming phase, following the first bale-forming phase carried out with a spatially determined movement path of the bale-forming device, no significant pressing force or compression force from the exterior to the interior is exerted onto the growing bale to be formed before carrying out the subsequent compression phase. 
   In operation, harvested material or crop is introduced by the crop collecting device  6  into the winding chamber  3  through the intake opening  4 . At the beginning of this bale-forming process, a bale-starting chamber is formed that is delimited by the bale-forming device  2  so as to have a polygonal shape that is shown in more detail in  FIG. 5 . In this way, the bale-starting process is facilitated. During this bale-starting process and also during a defined first bale-forming phase, the bale-forming device  2  is in the positions illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 5  and describes therefore the movement path illustrated therein that remains the same and is thus spatially determined. In this connection, the bale-forming device  2  is guided across the first and second deflection rollers  7  and  16  and the area facing the bale to be formed is guided across the stationary rollers  12  and the step  12 . 1  of the sidewall sections  12 . 2 ,  12 . 3  forming sidewall guides. Once the harvested material has filled the initial winding chamber, the bale-forming device  2  can expand by means of its load run  8 , wherein, by means of compression of the spring  13  and the yielding of the tensioning arm  19 , the movement path of the bale-forming device  2  will adjust to the increasing bale size during this subsequent bale-forming phase so that, during this subsequent bale-forming phase, additional movement phases that are independent of the guide rollers  12  and determined by the diameter of the bale to be formed will result up to the point of reaching the adjustable bale diameter. The outermost movement path that can be achieved with the illustrated embodiment of the machine according to the invention is illustrated in  FIG. 2  and in  FIG. 6 . 
   The bale to be formed can therefore have a diameter that is variably adjustable between the positions that are variable as needed by the position of the load run  8  of the bale-forming device  2  illustrated in  FIG. 1  and the position of the load run  8  of the bale-forming device  2  illustrated in  FIG. 2 . As a result of the yielding support of the deflection roller  18 , an excellent contact between the bale-forming device  2  and the drive roller  7  is present during the further bale-forming phase in order to avoid slip. 
   An adjustable limiting device  22  for presetting a diameter of the crop bale is embodied in the illustrated embodiment as a stop member  23  that is movable relative to the tensioning arm  19  and engages an abutment  24  secured on the housing. Depending on the relative position of the stop member  23  to the tensioning arm  19 , i.e., depending on the angle that is adjusted between the longitudinal axis of the tensioning arm  19  and the longitudinal axis of the stop member  23 , one of the receptacles  27  of the stop member  23  engages the abutment  24  and limits thus the effective length of the bale-forming device  2  that is made available by the storage  14  for enlarging the winding chamber  3 . In this way, a very simple device for presetting the diameter of the crop bale is provided. In addition, a measuring device or element can be provided in order to monitor bale parameters, for example, the compression level of the bale or the pressing force that is being applied. 
   Advantageously, the deflection roller  18  belonging to the storage  14  is arranged in the travel direction before the rear end of the machine and behind the center of the crop bale being formed. In this way, the machine is of a compact configuration. The force loading of the tensioning arm  19  by the force storage device embodied in the form of the spring  13  is thus approximately at a right angle relative to the tensioning arm  19 ; this provides favorable leverage and also an excellent transfer of the applied forces. Moreover, the spring  13  engages the tensioning arm  19  in the vicinity of the deflection roller  18  and therefore in an area in which those forces act that are exerted by the bale-forming device  2  onto the tensioning arm  19 . The same holds true also for the stop member  23  that is pivotable about the axis of rotation  26  of the deflection roller  18 . The forces that are transmitted from the bale-forming device  2  onto the deflection roller  18  are guided through the stop member  23  and the abutment  24  as well as the tensioning arm  19  directly into the housing; this ensures an especially stable support. 
     FIG. 8  illustrates the adjustable limiting device  22  of the storage  14  in more detail. In order to provide an excellent transfer of the occurring forces onto the housing of the machine  1 , the stop member  23  is arranged on both sides in the area of the deflection roller  18  of the tensioning arm  19 . This is advantageous because the forces acting on the tensioning arm  19  pass from the bale-forming device  2  through the deflection roller  8 . At the same time, the stop member  23  can swivel about an axis  26  that is the axis of rotation of the deflection roller  18 . 
   According to the different angles at which the stop member  23  can be positioned relative to the tensioning arm  19 , the stop member  23  engages the abutment  24  in the different areas provided by the noses  27 . Accordingly, different lengths of the bale-forming device  2  are released and a pressing force is generated only at different, essentially maximum bale diameters. 
     FIG. 7  shows an embodiment in which, in accordance with an alternative drive solution, it is possible to keep operative, in the case of a drive overload, the machine  1  for taking up (collecting) and pressing an agricultural harvest (harvested material or crop) which machine  1  is provided with an onboard hydraulic pump  34 . By means of a drive belt pulley that is mounted on the exterior housing of an overload protection device  25  and that continues to rotate in an overload situation, the hydraulic pump  34  is continued to be supplied with mechanical drive energy even in an overload situation. 
   The control means in the embodiment disclosed in  FIG. 8  has additionally a control arm  28  with cutouts  29  which ensure locking of the stop member  23  in the described different angular positions relative to the tensioning arm  19 . For this purpose, a fastening element  30  that is mounted on the stop member  23  engages detachably the cutouts  29  and locks thus the stop member  23  in the different positions. 
   The abutment  24  has also a lever arm  31  that, together with the spring  32  secured on the housing, provides the housing-mounted support. By means of the spring  32  movability of the lever arm  31  is ensured so that within a predetermined range by means of mechanical, electromechanical or other means the pressure force that is acting on the crop bale is determined and indicated or displayed. The purpose of this is, for example, to ensure a uniform configuration of the crop bale because the machine  1  according to the invention is provided in the traveling direction on both ends of the crop bale with the disclosed control means having supports secured on the housing so that in this way a display of the pressing forces acting on the different ends is enabled. 
   Accordingly, with the disclosed embodiment by means of the transmission device  33  that operates based on tensile force it is possible to provide the operator of the machine  1  according to the invention with an indicator of the pressing force. A change of the length of the bail-forming device  2  surrounding the winding chamber  3 , that occurs also when reaching the stop position because of the spring  32 , can be neglected with regard to the size of the crop bale being formed so that already upon reaching the engagement position immediately before reaching the maximum diameter it can be said that the maximum crop bail diameter has been reached because the still occurring additional diameter change is practically undetectable. 
   The illustration of the control means of  FIG. 9  illustrates the maximum position of the stop member  23  in which the abutment  24  is in engagement with the uppermost recess formed by the nose  27 . In the illustrated embodiment, this corresponds to the maximum crop bale diameter as indicated in  FIG. 2  by the large circumference of the bale-forming device  2  in the winding chamber  3 . 
   The illustration of  FIG. 9  shows that the lever arm  31  is guided on a guide  33  which forms an additional securing element in case of a possible failure of the spring  32 . In addition to indicating the pressing force as a bale parameter, it is also conceivable that the diameter of the rolled-up crop bale is indicated also, for example. 
   Despite the different bale diameters, the stop element  23  is located primarily within an angle range of 90 degrees relative to the tensioning arm  19 . In this way, between the contact point of the stop member  23  on the abutment  24 , the deflection roller  18 , and the axis of rotation of the tensioning arm  19  ( FIG. 1 ), a support triangle is formed that conveys the force exerted by the bale-forming device  2  onto the defection roller  18  perpendicularly onto the abutment  24  and provides an optimal support action in this way. The stop member  23  must therefore have a great bearing capacity only in a direction vertical to the ground. 
   As illustrated in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the bale-forming device  2  comprises crossbars  2 . 2  whose ends have hollow profiles that are folded multiple times and are connected by rivets (not illustrated) to the support belts  2 . 1 . Preferably, the support belts  2 . 1  are made of a material that is flexible but only minimally expandable with regard to its length in order to ensure excellent contact on the defection roller  18  and to provide in this way an optimal transfer of the forces to be supported. 
   While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the inventive principles, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.