Abstract:
The present invention relates to a novel process for the industrial manufacture of substituted 7-allyl-6-hydroxy-indanes of formula (I) 
                                 
wherein R is a straight or branched (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl group and X is a halogen and enantiomers thereof.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of substituted 7-allyl-6-hydroxy-indanes of formula (I) 
                                
wherein R is a straight or branched (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl group and X is a halogen selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I; and enantiomers thereof.
 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The compounds of formula (I) belong to a known class of compounds related to melatonin agonists. For instance, the substituted 7-allyl-6-hydroxy-indanes of formula (I) wherein R is ethyl and X is bromine, and its (S)-enantiomer, are key intermediates in the process for the preparation of ramelteon, N-[2-[(8S)-1,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-indene[5,4-b]furan-8-yl)ethyl]-propionamide, a well known melatonin agonist, and have been prepared from the corresponding substituted 6-allyloxy-indanes (II) by rearrangement of allyl group in N,N-diethylaniline for 2.5 hours at 200-205° C. under argon atmosphere in a 80% yield (U.S. Pat. No. 6,034,239; U.S. Pat. No. 6,218,429; and Uchikawa et al., J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 4222-4239). Furthermore, WO 2007109141 discloses fluoro analogs of ramelteon which can be obtained from the corresponding 7-allyl-6-hydroxy-indanes of formula (I) wherein R is ethyl or propyl, and X is fluorine, which in turn are prepared from appropriate intermediates (II) by the same process. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the present invention it has been found that the compounds of formula (I) can be conveniently prepared by exposing the corresponding substituted 6-allyloxy-indanes of formula (II) 
                                
wherein R and X are as above, under the influence of microwaves in a polar solvent, while the stereochemistry on the carbon atom at position 1 in the indane ring is retained.
 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The process of the present invention proceeds in higher yields and in shorter reaction time than the prior art methods, providing the desired products with a yield higher than 90% in a few minutes. Furthermore the present process has the advantage that inert atmosphere is not needed. 
     The term “microwave” as used herein refers to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum having power rating ranges of about 100W to about 400 W. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a microwave source refers particularly to such power ratings, specifically from 100(±10) W to 400(±10) W. In a more preferred embodiment a microwave source of 300(±10) W is used. 
     As used herein “polar solvent” means a solvent which has a dielectric constant of 6 debyes (25° C.) or greater. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the solvents are selected from acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dioxane, ethanol, ethyl acetate, formic acid, hexamethylphosphoramide, i-propanol, methanol, t-butanol, tetrahydrofuran, and the like, and mixtures thereof. In a more preferred embodiment dimethylformamide is selected. 
     The reaction proceeds rapidly in a sealed vessel at a temperature ranging about 100 to about 250° C. In a preferred embodiment the temperature ranges from 220 to 240° C. 
     In a preferred embodiment, R is ethyl. However, any compound of general formula (I) wherein R is lower alkyl can be prepared by the process of the present invention. The term lower alkyl as used herein denotes a straight or branched alkyl chain groups having up to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and isomers thereof. 
     In a preferred embodiment, X is selected from F and Br. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is N-[2-(7-allyl-5-bromo-6-hydroxy-indan-1-yl)-ethyl]-propionamide and the compound of formula (II) is N-[2-(6-allyloxy-5-bromo-indan-1-yl)-ethyl]-propionamide. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is (S)—N-[2-(7-allyl-5-bromo-6-hydroxy-indan-1-yl)-ethyl]-propionamide and the compound of formula (II) is (S)—N-[2-(6-allyloxy-5-bromo-indan-1-yl)-ethyl]-propionamide. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is N-[2-(7-allyl-5-fluoro-6-hydroxy-indan-1-yl)-ethyl]-propionamide and the compound of formula (II) is N-[2-(6-allyloxy-5-fluoro-indan-1-yl)-ethyl]-propionamide. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is (S)—N-[2-(7-allyl-5-fluoro-6-hydroxy-indan-1-yl)-ethyl]-propionamide and the compound of formula (II) is (S)—N-[2-(6-allyloxy-5-fluoro-indan-1-yl)-ethyl]-propionamide. 
     Intermediate compounds (II) in the present invention can be obtained according to U.S. Pat. No. 6,034,239, U.S. Pat. No. 6,218,429, and Uchikawa et al., J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 4222-4239. 
     When the reaction is complete, the products obtained can be isolated from the reaction mixture by any process well known to people skilled in the art. When the polar solvent used is dimethylformamide, the final products can be easily isolated from the reaction mixture by evaporation. Furthermore the present process has the advantage that dimethylformamide is a better solvent than those used in the prior art in terms of evaporation, such as N,N-diethylaniline. 
     Having described this invention in general terms, a further understanding can be obtained by referring to a specific example which is provided herein for illustration purposes only and is not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified. 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     A solution of N-[2-(6-allyloxy-5-bromo-indan-1-yl)-ethyl]-propionamide (II, R=C 2 H 5 , X=Br) (2.39 g, 6.78 mmol) in 17 mL of anhydrous dimethylformamide are placed in a sealed vial and irradiated under microwaves (300 w, 5 min, 230° C.). The resulting solution is allowed to cool and 50 mL of water are added. The mixture is extracted with 3×30 mL of ethyl acetate, and the combined organic extractes are washed with water. The resulting organic phase is dried over magnesium sulphate, filtered, and the solvent is removed in vacuo, to yield 2.3 g of N-[2-(7-allyl-5-bromo-6-hydroxy-indan-1-yl)-ethyl]-propionamide (I, R═C 2 H 5 , X=Br) (yield 91%) as a yellowish solid. Purity: 95%. LCMS: 353 (M+1).