Abstract:
Architecture for a multimodal, multiplatform switching, unmanned vehicle (UV) swarm system which can execute missions in diverse environments. The architecture includes onboard and ground processors to handle and integrate multiple sensor inputs generating a unique UV pilot experience for a remote drone pilot (RDP) via a virtual augmented reality cockpit (VARC). The RDP is monitored by an operational control system and an experienced control pilot. A ground processor handles real-time localization, forwarding of commands, generation and delivery of augmented content to users, along with safety features and overrides. The UVs onboard processors and autopilot execute the commands and provide a redundant source of safety features and override in the case of loss of signal. The UVs perform customizable missions, with adjustable rules for differing skill levels. RDPs experience real-time virtual piloting of the UV with augmented interactive and actionable visual and audio content delivered to them via VARC systems.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
       [0001]    This patent application claims a benefit to the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/003,107, titled “Virtual and Augmented Reality Cockpit and Operational Control Systems for Operation on One or More Connected Semi-Autonomous Unmanned Systems Operating Within a Spatial Set of 3D Geo-Coordinates,” that was filed on May 27, 2014. The subject matter of U.S. 62/003,107 is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     
    
     U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS 
       [0002]    N.A. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    1. Field of the Disclosure 
         [0004]    This invention relates to the field of modularized hardware and software for delivery and monitoring of a personalized augmented reality drone event (PARDE) mission plan based augmented reality experience piloting Unmanned Vehicles (UV) and the semi-autonomous, direct, and swarm, or flock control of the one or more UVs being piloted during the configured mission. Specifically it relates to a system of modular hardware and software which is configurable to support operation of a diverse range of UV platforms (i.e., unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), unmanned surface water vehicles (USVs), and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs)) operated by multiple pilots within a controlled and configured augmented reality PARDE mission plan that includes vision-integrated geo-fence management of UV location parameters and delivery of augmented visual, audio, motion and tactile content to the end-user UV pilots, or remote drone pilots (RDPs). 
         [0005]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0006]    Unmanned vehicles have been around with increasing sophistication since the early 1900s—first as simple mechanical devices such as anti-aircraft mine-blimps, advancing into computerized platforms. A major limiting factor for autonomous and semi-autonomous UV operation s has been the need for a robust and accurate method to estimate position, without which UVs are very likely to cause damage to themselves and their surroundings. As capabilities in these areas have increased, UVs have become increasingly important in various civilian search and rescue, and military situations due to increases in platform and payload hardware, software sophistication and overall UV capability. Both military and civilian organizations now use UVs to conduct reconnaissance, search and rescue, and commercial use cases to reduce human risk and to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of mission execution. Much of this increase in capability derives from and depends on more accurate means of localization for vehicles within an environment, e.g GPS for outdoors. While GPS has advanced functionality, it has often been limited in terms of precision and robustness. For indoor applications, the precision issue has been solved with motion capture systems, but they are impractical for large-scale outdoor use. 
         [0007]    A UV usually includes a device such as an engine for powered, controlled motion, a system for navigating, sensors for internal and external conditions, and an optional payload system. The onboard sensors often provide a remote user or observer with information such as vehicle pose, velocity, battery level, external levels of noise or physical agent, and video or laser data of surroundings which can be used for navigation or locating an individual or item. This is a small sample of available sensors, which are constantly increasing in functionality and sensitivity. UVs can be operated in autonomous, semi-autonomous, or direct (i.e., RDP controlled) control modes giving a pilot flexibility to configure a PARDE mission plan in which the UV may be operated in any one of the indicated modes, and flexibility to adjust control mode at any time. 
         [0008]    With growing use and applicability of UVs across multiple industries and use cases, the advancement of UVs and virtual and augmented reality technologies, a system that supports individual piloting and overall flight control of one or a fleet of UVs is required. Furthermore, this system should enable piloting of UVs by individuals of varying piloting or driving experience and deliver PARDE mission plan with visual and audio augmented and interactive content to support successful completion of the specified mission and to provide an enhanced mission experience that increases mission success probability or pilot overall experience. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0009]    Disclosed herein is a system enabling varying levels of control over a diverse range of UV platforms operating simultaneously within a system configured set of mission parameters and defined spatial coordinates. The system includes the following components:
       Unmanned Vehicle connect module,   Virtual and Augmented Reality Cockpit (VARC),   Operational Control System (OCS), and   PARDE Operating System Software (OS) that enables configuration of mission parameters and enables integration and seamless interaction between components.       
 
         [0014]    The system supports a diverse range of UV platforms including UAVs, UGVs, USVs, and UUVs. The UV platforms are integrated into the system PARDE mission plans through a UV connect module that includes hardware and OS software components installed onto the UV. The UV includes required components for basic operation and control plus payload systems to carry-out current mission objectives including, but not limited to a frame and structure, power system, throttle controller(s), motor(s)/propulsion system(s), sensors, payload systems, piloting controls, audio and video systems, and a variety of payload systems and controls. The audio and visual systems may include camera(s), gimbals, microphones, speakers, and transmitter(s). 
         [0015]    Sensors may include a global positioning system (GPS), sensors for velocity, battery level, external levels of noise or physical agent, and video or laser data of surroundings. If the PARDE is occurring within an outdoor distributed image network (ODIN—a defined network of images that allow high accuracy localization), data from optical sensors and GPS is combined to provide superior localization accuracy to within 1 cm of real world position. Payload systems may include one or more cameras, gimbals, infrared (IR) beam, gimbal, and targeting system, IR sensors, and light emitting diode (LED) systems. 
         [0016]    The ground based operational control system enables a single control pilot (CP) to pre-configure the mission and mission parameters, monitor all VARCs (with RDP and Remote Drone Co-Pilots (RDCP)) and associated UVs operating within the mission, and can take direct, or autonomous over-ride control of any mission active UV, modify any mission parameters, and communicate with local officials as well as all pilots operating within the mission. 
         [0017]    The OCS ground station receives and augments data from the UVs and passes it to users within the VARCs. The OCS also receives user commands and determines whether they violate any mission safety parameters, only passing through approved commands to the vehicles. Additionally, the OCS generates pre-configured augmented visual, audio, motion and tactile content and delivers that information to VARC users to enhance the user&#39;s mission environment and/or, increase probability of the user successfully completing the mission. 
         [0018]    The OCS facilitates configuration of all mission parameters including, but not limited to, the following:
       Configuration of the mission spatial environment through three dimensional geo-coordinates,   User accessible augmented audio and visual content tagged to geo-coordinates within the defined space,   Define the fail-safe return home position within the defined space,   Number and types of UVs to be controlled within the environment,   VARC to UV pairing,   VARC control system configuration (i.e, pilot or payload system control),   VARC control system configuration for pilot experience level and preferences,   VARC tactile motion level preference,   Communication with one or more pilots operating in the environment,   Communication systems with the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA), regulators, and local officials for pre, during, and post flight communication,   Visually monitor all pilots operating within their VARCs,   View each operating UV camera view,   Shut down VARC control and pilot VARC experience, and   Take over-ride control of one or more UVs through direct operator control or by pre-defined or new geo-coordinate way points to direct the UV to complete a task.       
 
         [0033]    The UVs operating within the mission are controlled by the VARC system component. There is one user per VARC. Multiple VARCs may be linked to a single UV and the VARC may be designated for UV pilot control (RDP) or UV payload control (RDCP). The most sophisticated embodiment of the VARC is a cockpit that the pilot steps into and that closes completely around the pilot to provide a sound proof and light proof immersive mission environment that provides 6 degrees of motion and tactile and force feedback motion of the VARC based on UV sensor data delivery from the UV via the OCS and input to the VARC. 
         [0034]    The VARC provides an integrated display system for UV camera view(s) (i.e, primary First Person View (FPV) or secondary UV camera payload view) with a Heads Up Display (HUD) system for real-time vehicle telemetry, mission parameters, and augmented, geo-coordinate coded, content that is interactive on-screen via physical, voice, and neural control systems. The VARC also includes communication and audio systems to interact with audio content, communicate with the CP or one or more other users operating in the current mission environment. The VARC also includes a shutdown option, which stops VARC control, opens the cockpit, and sets the UV to the fail-safe return home position. 
         [0035]    Execution of the PARDE mission plan or choreographed travel plan along with delivery and retrieval of augmented content to the RDP/RDCPs within the VARC configuration is collectively called a Personalized Augmented Reality Drone Event. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0036]      FIG. 1  is a pictorial representation of a personalized augmented reality drone event (PARDE) system in accordance with an embodiment disclosed herein. 
           [0037]      FIG. 2  is a flow chart of an exemplary architecture for use with the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0038]      FIG. 3  pictorially depicts unmanned vehicles for use with the PARDE systems disclosed herein. 
           [0039]      FIG. 4  illustrates exemplary architecture for an unmanned vehicle for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0040]      FIG. 5  illustrates exemplary architecture of an operational controls system for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0041]      FIG. 6  pictorially depicts a virtual augmented reality cockpit system for use with the PARDE systems disclosed herein. 
           [0042]      FIG. 6A  depicts exemplary VARC system tactile and motion feedback components for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0043]      FIG. 6B  depicts exemplary VARC system visual components for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0044]      FIG. 6C  depicts exemplary VARC system audio components for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0045]      FIG. 6D  depicts exemplary VARC system control components for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0046]      FIG. 7  illustrates exemplary VARC architecture for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0047]      FIG. 8  illustrates exemplary personalized augmented reality drone event configuration settings architecture for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0048]      FIG. 9  illustrates exemplary hierarchic object-oriented design (HOOD) PARDE operating system software for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0049]      FIG. 10  illustrates exemplary HOOD PARDE visual data and settings for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0050]      FIG. 11  illustrates exemplary HOOD PARDE audio data and settings for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0051]      FIG. 12  illustrates exemplary HOOD PARDE tactile and motion data and settings for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0052]      FIG. 13  illustrates exemplary HOOD PARDE environmental interface, payload control and gaming systems (payload) data and settings for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0053]      FIG. 14  is an exemplary flowchart for a PARDE run for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0054]      FIG. 15  is a graphical depiction of exemplary PARDE universal and personal geofencing in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0055]      FIG. 16  is an exemplary flowchart depicting universal geo-fence logic in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0056]      FIG. 17A  is exemplary architecture depicting a signal loss to UV receiver event for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0057]      FIG. 17B  is exemplary architecture depicting a loss of GPS signal event for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0058]      FIG. 17C  is an exemplary architecture depicting a loss of both signal to UV receiver and GPS signal event for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0059]      FIG. 18A  is a pictorial illustration of an exemplary gaming PARDE in real time at a real environment with a universal geo-fence, a personal geo-fence and augmented content for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
           [0060]    FIG.  18 B—is a pictorial illustration of an exemplary ecotour PARDE in real time at a real environment with a universal geo-fence, a personal geo-fence and augmented content for use with embodiments disclosed herein. 
       
    
    
       [0061]    Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicated like elements. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0062]    One or more embodiments of the present invention are described. Nevertheless, it would be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the claims that follow this detailed description. This detailed description includes methods and means for managing and controlling one or more UV systems. The UVs utilize a networked swarm, or flock, awareness to allow operation of one or more UVs within a personalized augmented reality drone event. The UVs onboard systems may provide vehicle pose, object recognition, environmental interaction capabilities. 
         [0063]    The RDP PARDE experience is setup, configured, and initiated, from an operational control system and by a certified control pilot. The CP monitors the PARDE and all participants throughout for safety and real-time PARDE parameter modifications to maximize the experience. Exemplary configurable event parameters include defining UV operating boundaries in terms of spatial geographical grids, image-triggered events, number of pilots participating, VARC flight control sensitivity (to allow users of varying skill levels to participate), and ‘swarm’ control level between pilots. These functionalities are enhanced both in precision and robustness by an outdoor distributed image network, a network of well-defined images or features which permits calculating vehicle pose to a higher degree than GPS alone. During each PARDE, the CP continuously monitors each pilot from the OCS and controls the experience parameters to ensure optimal safety. The OCS also includes integrated communication systems to interact with current PARDE participants as well as local safety officials and weather information. 
         [0064]    Control of the UV can be achieved by commands from the remote drone pilot or by the control pilot from the OCS—Control and Monitoring Systems, or autonomously from the OCS based on PARDE parameters and position of a UV within the configured PARDE environment. Commands from the RDP and associated position of their UV in the PARDE environment are monitored for safety by an on-board autopilot and processor. The on-board autopilot and processor or on-board UV control system autonomously executes command overrides in event of a communications failure or inappropriate commands from the RDP in the VARC. RDP control of the vehicle is additionally constrained by the user&#39;s skill level, ranging from only field of view control to complete vehicle command. 
         [0065]    The RDP user experiences the PARDE through a virtual augmented reality cockpit. The VARC provides an augmented reality (AR) visual and tactile experience tailored to the RDPs. The VARC, at its most basic embodiment may consist of virtual reality goggles for first person view from the UV and handheld UV remote controls. The full embodiment of the VARC may include the following key features:
       Remote piloting of RDPs UV of choice within a defined geographical location (air, land, and water),   A heads up display for remote piloting of the UV via FPV,   Integrated audio and visual interactive content superimposed on the HUD,   RDP control of the on-screen interactive content and camera, infrared beam targeting, or other system payload controls,   Integration of multiple VARCs with the same UV allowing daisy chain of VARCs so that multiple RDPs are connected to the same UV, enjoying the same immersed PARDE experience, but controlling different payload systems to achieve their objectives.   Six degrees of cockpit motion and tactile feedback based on RDP&#39;s flight control systems and real-time telemetry being received from the UV itself, and   Communication systems to interact with a CP when needed and with other RDPs or RDCP who may be participating in the current PARDEs       
 
         [0073]    The autopilot unit receives and executes commands, as well as provides low-level environmental interaction such as vehicle stabilization by utilizing data from various sensors residing onboard the UV. This information can also be relayed to both onboard systems and ground-mounted OCS—Control and Monitoring Systems, which may provide correctional control to UVs to allow safe and objective operation. 
         [0074]    Both the ground-mounted and onboard control systems may have the ability to safety check RDP commands to allow overriding a user&#39;s input if deemed unsafe. This determination is based on pre-compiled site and event specific PARDE libraries, which may define an enforced geo-fence of allowed 3-D volume, allowed speeds, and emergency obstacle avoidance parameters. The UV may be equipped with sensors and devices such as GPS or visual and auditory sensors that provide real-time data to the onboard system and the OCS. 
         [0075]    Either the onboard or GPS may provide flight data information to external services such as emergency crews, as well as current PARDE mission plans and system status including UV condition. The OCS may allow new instructions to be configured during PARDE events to allow changes to pre-defined operational PARDE mission plans sent from the OCS. A PARDE mission plan may include multiple waypoints or destinations along which a UV may experience difficulties, which makes necessary the ability for the UV to receive real-time instructions given to facilitate an efficient and effective management of system conditions such as battery level and heat. To ensure compliance with operation PARDE mission plans, the OCS may continuously monitor the UVs current pose, speed, and acceleration. 
         [0076]      FIG. 1  depicts and exemplary PARDE system including a plurality UVs  102  controlled from a plurality of VARCs  101  by remote drone pilots and remote drone co-pilots RDCPs  106 . An operational control system  103  communicates with both the UVs  102  and the VARCs  101  via a wireless connectivity option  107 . Co-located VARC and UV deployment options are represented by  105 . 
         [0077]    The UVs  102  may be air, ground, surface water, or underwater based UV types. Each UV type operating within a PARDE event does so within PARDE configuration settings which include data and settings such as RDP and RDCP control sensitivity and configuration preferences, all visual, audio, motion and tactile augmented content information, the PARDE universal geo-fence and each UV&#39;s personal geo-fence. 
         [0078]    Each UVs  102  on-board processing system and the OCS  103  monitor and manage the speed, acceleration, and directional characteristics of each UV within the active PARDE environment and ensure UV speed, acceleration and directional characteristics and controls remain within PARDE configuration settings and make autonomous adjustments based on calculated PARDE configuration setting violations due to RDP or RDCP  106  manual inputs from their VARC  101  or other environmental and system factors that cause potential violations. The main components of each UV include a receiver, an on-board processing system, a global positioning system, one or more sensors, a transmitter, an on-board motion System, and an on-board payload and support system. 
         [0079]    The UVs  102  on-board processing system in combination with the OCS  103  monitor, manage and transmit augmented audio and video content to the VARCs  101 , which are being operated by RDPs and RDCPs  106 . One or more VARCs  101  may be bound to a single UV  102 . A single RDP  106  controls the motion and directional control systems of a single UV  102  via their VARC  101 . Multiple RDCPs  106  may be bound to a single UV  102  and may control one or more on-board payload and support systems and provide sensor monitoring management. The VARC  101  provides an augmented reality visual, audio and tactile experience tailored to the RDP or the RDCP  106  controlling the system. The VARC  101 , in a basic embodiment may be virtual reality goggles for first person view from the UV  102  and handheld UV remote controls. A full deployment of the VARC  101  immerses individual users into a sound and light proof environment where the RDP and RDCPs  106  experience the PARDE. The VARC  101  in this embodiment enables the user to remotely control their UV  102  while providing a real-time visual and tactile (6 degrees of motion) experience of what the UV  102  they are piloting is seeing and how it is physically oriented and reacting to the environment around it. 
         [0080]    Additionally, the VARC system provides user communication options to a control pilot  104  and other users participating in the PARDE. The VARC display includes heads-up-display and receives video and audio content from the OCS  103  and on-board processing systems that with which the RDP and RDCPs  106  can interact. HUD content may include a variety of information that has been pre-configured via the PARDE configuration settings, such as land-mark indications and information, flight routes, and may include active gaming information on current game activity, user score, or additional information on RDPs and RDCPs  106  participating in the PARDE. 
         [0081]    VARCs  101  include visual, audio, control, tactile and motion feedback along with processing and transmission systems. At a minimum, all VARC  101  embodiments include some form of visual, control, processing and transmission systems. 
         [0082]    The OCS  103  is controlled and operated by a single (or multiple working in coordination with each other) control pilot  104 . The OCS  103  enables the CP  104  to pre-configure the PARDE configuration settings, monitor all RDP and RDCPs  106  and associated UVs  102  operating within the mission. The CP  104  can take direct or autonomous over-ride control of any PARDE active UV  102  and has the ability to modify any PARDE configuration settings. The CP  104  also communicates with local officials and with any one, multiple, or all RDPs  106  within the PARDE. 
         [0083]    The OCS  103  receives and augments data from the UVs  102  and passes it to users  106  within the VARCs  101 . The OCS  103  also receives user  106  commands and determines whether they violate any mission safety parameters, only passing through approved commands to the vehicles  102 . Additionally, the OCS  103  generates pre-configured augmented audio and video content and delivers that information to VARC users  106  to enhance the user&#39;s PARDE environment and/or, increase probability of the user  106  successfully completing the PARDE objectives. 
         [0084]    The OCS  103  allows for configuration of all PARDE configuration settings including, but not limited to: configuration of mission spatial environment through three dimensional geo-coordinates, user accessible augmented audio and visual content tagged to geo-coordinates within a defined space, defined fail-safe return home position within the defined space, number and types of UVs  102  to be controlled within the environment, VARC  101  to UV  102  pairing, VARC  101  control system configuration (i.e, pilot or payload system control), VARC  101  control system configuration for pilot experience level and preferences, VARC  101  tactile motion level preference, communication with one or more pilots operating in the environment communication systems with FAA, regulators, and local officials for pre, during, and post flight communication and includes the ability to visually monitor all pilots  106  operating within their VARCs  101 , view each operating UV camera view, shut down VARC control and pilot  106  VARC experience, take over-ride control of one or more UVs through direct operator  104  control or by pre-defined or new geo-coordinate way points to direct the UV  102  to complete a task. 
         [0085]    Connectivity between the OCS  103  and VARCs  101  may be wired or wireless and connectivity  107  between OCS  103  and UVs  102  will be wireless. Connectivity protocols from the OCS  103  include sufficient bandwidth to ensure undiscernible lag of UV video feeds or delivery of augmented video and audio content from the OCS to the VARCs. Based on the connectivity flexibility with the OCS  103  the VARC deployment  105  may be central to the UV PARDE launch site or may be remote and limitless on the distance with the appropriate connectivity and bandwidth availability. 
         [0086]    As noted above, the OCS may over-ride VARC command if safety considerations are violated, if universal geo-fence parameters are violated and if personal geo-fence parameters are violated. 
         [0087]    There are several variables capable of activating the over-ride if they go above or below a chosen threshold (e.g., safety considerations, geofence violations). Examples of such variables are velocity, altitude, proximity, global position etc. Exemplary pseudo-code is given below for how two UVs  102  detecting a violation of the universal geofence  1501  and personal geofences  1502  and implement override commands. The illustrative pseudo-code is for a simple box-shaped geofence:
       include Corn puteReturnCommandFunction   include CollisionAvoidFunction;   float X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Z1, Z2. Xmin(0), Xmax(100), Ymin(0), YMax(200), Zmin(20), Zmax(100), VechileMinDist(2).       
 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 command=VARCCommand; 
               
               
                 // Universal Geofence Override Logic 
               
               
                 if (Xmax&lt;(X1 or X2)){ 
               
               
                 command(X1 or X2) = ComputeReturnCommandFunction(X1 or X2, 
               
               
                 Xmax); 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 if (Xmin&gt;(X1 or X2)){ 
               
               
                 command(X1 or X2) = ComputeReturnCommandFunction(X1 or X2, 
               
               
                 Xmin); 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 if (Ymax&lt;(Y1 or Y2)){ 
               
               
                 command(Y1 or Y2) = ComputeReturnCommandFunction(Y1 or Y2, 
               
               
                 Ymax); 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 if (Ymin&gt;(Y1 or Y2)){ 
               
               
                 command(Y1 or Y2) = ComputeReturnCommandFunction(Y1 or Y2, 
               
               
                 Ymin); 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 if (Zmax&lt;(Z1 or Z2)){ 
               
               
                 command(Z1 or Z2) = ComputeReturnCommandFunction(Z1 or Z2, 
               
               
                 Zmax); 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 if (Zmin&gt;(Z1 or Z2)){ 
               
               
                 command(Z1 or Z2) = ComputeReturnCommandFunction(Z1 or Z2, 
               
               
                 Xmin); 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                 // Collision Avoidance/Personal Geofence Logic 
               
               
                 if((X1−X2 or Y1−Y2)&lt;=VehicleMinDist){ 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 command(X1 or Y1)= CollisonAvoidFunction(X1 or Y1, X2 or Y2); 
               
               
                   
                 command(X2 or Y2)=CollisionAvoidFunction(X2 or Y2, X1 or Y1); 
               
             
          
           
               
                 } 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0091]    The “includes(Compute and Collision)” above tells the code where the functions it will need to run are defined. For example, if the UV  102  has gone beyond Xmax or Ymax(UniversalGeofence), a command in the negative X or Y direction would be generated by the ComputeReturnCommandFunction. Note that if none of the “if” statements apply, the command passed is simple VARCCommand, or the RDPs command. The collision avoidance, or Personal Geofence) is achieved much the same way, proximity in X or Y is detected, and appropriate function called to generated override command. 
         [0092]      FIG. 2  is a flow chart of an exemplary architecture for use with the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 2  shows an Example Architecture for the Example PARDE System in Accordance to the Embodiments of the Invention.  FIG. 2  shows the three main PARDE system architectural components including the UV  102 , with the VARCs  101 , and the OCS  103  and includes associated sub-components and interconnectivity and relationships between components. The UVs  102  include a Receiver  205 , Autopilot  211 , Onboard Processor  212 , Global Position System  206 , Sensors  207 , Transmitters  208 , and Onboard Motion, Payload and Support Systems  213 . The OCS  103  includes one or more OCS-CPU Node  203 , External Communication systems  217 , OCS Control &amp; Monitoring System (OCSCMS)  218 , Transmitters  219 , Receivers  220 , and PARDE Configuration and Settings  214 . A Control Pilot  104 , operates the OCS and overall PARDE event. The VARCs  101 , include the VARC-Centric Signal Transmission, Receiving and VARC Processing Systems (VOP)  201  and the Controls and Interface Systems  223 . 
         [0093]    The UVs  102 , VARCs  101 , and the OCS  103  each run PARDE Operating System Software (Reference numeral  901  in  FIG. 9 ) components that when initiated execute commands and manage systems and controls within the defined PARDE Configuration Settings  214 . The PARDE Operating System Software  901  runs and executes commands on the UV Onboard Processor  212 , OCS-CPU Node(s)  203 , and the VARC Processing component  502 . Communication and data transmission between systems is handled by the software components and transmitted between system components via either wireless or wired connectivity. Connectivity between the UVs  102  and the OCS  103  is wireless for all audio, video, and control functions between VARC  101  and OCS  103 . Connectivity between the OCS  103  and VARC  101  may be wired or wireless. Wireless connectivity options may include, but is not limited to, Wi-Fi or satellite connectivity and optimal bandwidth will be employed to ensure no lag time or degradation of signal quality for audio, video, or control system transmissions. 
         [0094]    There is one OCS  103  to execute and manage each PARDE event. Additional OCS Systems may be used as long as their use is coordinated. One or more UVs  101  can be associated to each PARDE event and there may be one or more VARCs associated to each UV. The OCS  103  and associated UVs  102  are deployed centrally to the PARDE event physical location. The VARC  101  deployments may be central to the PARDE launch site or may be remote with limitless distance based on having appropriate connectivity and bandwidth availability. 
         [0095]    The OCS  103  consists of an OCS-CPU Node #n  203  ground based processor, and a CP. The ground based processor may be much more capable than the Onboard Processor (OP)  212  due to lack of weight restrictions, and in normal operating conditions is responsible for analyzing received UV data, determining vehicle pose, augmenting content received from UVs, forwarding the content to VARCs and RDPs, verifying RDP commands, and performing semi-autonomous overrides on RDP commands deemed dangerous. It also has the ability to send alerts to outside authorities in case of emergency. The CP has a manual override and acts as a redundant human safety check on the computers actions and decisions, and also can contact outside authorities. 
         [0096]    The OCS CPU Node #n  203  includes required processing power and data storage necessary to execute the PARDE Operating System Software  901  ( FIG. 9 ) and manage all associated processing required for generation and delivery of augmented video, audio, motion and tactile content to the VARCs  101 . The OCS CPU Node #n  203  may be single or multiple laptops, PC, or server systems with varying CPUs and processing power. The combination of OCS CPUs may be networked together locally at the PARDE Event location and operating on battery or local power systems. 
         [0097]    Alternately the OCS CPUs may be networked together with some of the processing occurring at the PARDE event location and some of the processing being done at a remote location or with all processing being done remotely and the local PARDE event system processing is accessing the PARDE Operating System software remotely to execute the PARDE event and all associated and required CPU processing requirements. The PARDE Operating System software layer of this system is architected to ensure flexible in networking configurability such that all PARDE Operating System Software OCS processes may be executed either all centrally, all remotely, or a combination of central and remote processing to the PARDE event location and associated OCS-CPU Node #n  203 . 
         [0098]      FIG. 3  pictorially depicts exemplary Unmanned Vehicles  102  with the following sub-categories: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)  301 , Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV)  302 , Unmanned Surface Water Vehicles (USV)  303  and Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUG)  304 . Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are categorized based on their primary flight mechanism: Unmanned Multi-rotor Aerial Vehicles  305 , Unmanned Fixed Wing Aerial Vehicles  306  and Unmanned Aerial Animal Based Robotic Vehicles  307 . Unmanned Ground Vehicles are categorized based on the machine to ground interface: Unmanned Track Mounted Ground Vehicles  308 , Unmanned Wheel-based Ground Vehicles  309 , Unmanned Multi-pod Ground Vehicles  310  and Unmanned Humanoid Robotic Vehicles  311 . One subcategory for Unmanned Surface Water Vehicles is shown: Unmanned Fixed Hull Surface Water Vehicles  312 . Unmanned Underwater Vehicles are Unmanned Fixed Shell Underwater Vehicles  313  and Unmanned Animal Based Underwater Robotic Vehicles  314 . The term ‘vehicles’ as used above and throughout this patent means electro-mechanical machines able to transport and move in three dimensional space with control, propulsion and payload systems as described below. 
         [0099]    As shown in  FIG. 3 , primary systems in each UV  102  include Receiver(s)  205 , a Global Positioning System (GPS)  206 , Sensors  207 , Transmitters and data link systems  208 , an Onboard Processing System (OPS)  210  and Onboard Motion, Payload and Support Systems (OMPSS)  213 . Primary Onboard Motion, Payload and Support systems include Structural and Landing systems  409  and Propulsion and Steering Systems  410 . 
         [0100]    Secondary systems include PARDE dependent and specific Onboard Payload and Support Systems (OPSS)  408 . Onboard Motion Systems  407  are the combination of Structural and Landing Systems  409  and Propulsion and Steering Systems  410 . UV  102  movement can be initiated by creating forces leading to movement. Propulsion systems can have a source of mechanical power (some type of engine or motor, muscles), and some means of using this power to generate force, such as wheel and axles, propellers, a propulsive nozzle, wings, fins or legs. Structural components can be metal, plastic or composite materials. Landing system components can be Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) components, runway driven, low-impact parachute and/or balloon, airbags or cushions. Components should be made of weatherproof and durable material and constructed and assembled to withstand environmental factors. Propulsion and Steering Systems  410  include commercial available components such as electronic speed control (ESC) motors. 
         [0101]    Wireless receivers  205  can be infrared and ultrasonic remote control devices; professional land mobile radio (LMR), professional specialized mobile radio (SMR); consumer two way radio including family radio service, general mobile radio service (GMRS) and Citizen&#39;s band (CB) radios; amateur radio (Ham radio); consumer and professional marine VHF radios; air-band and radio navigation equipment used by aviators and air traffic control; cellular telephone; wireless USB or Bluetooth; satellite, and/or Wi-Fi. 
         [0102]    Most embodiments have a GPS  206  that records and transmits the latitude and longitude of the UV  102  with an accuracy of less than one meter. The latitude and longitude of the GPS unit is typically determined by receiving GPS satellite broadcast signals (carrier frequency with modulation) that includes a pseudorandom code (sequence of ones and zeros) that is known to the receiver. By time-aligning a receiver-generated version and the receiver-measured version of the code, the time of arrival (TOA) of a defined point in the code sequence, called an epoch, can be found in the receiver clock time scale. The message that includes the time of transmission (TOT) of the code epoch (in GPS system time scale) and the satellite position at that time is also received by the receiver. The receiver measures the TOAs (according to its own clock) of four or more satellite signals. From the TOAs and the TOTs, the receiver forms four time of flight (TOF) values, which are (given the speed of light) approximately equivalent to receiver-satellite range differences. The receiver then computes its three-dimensional position and clock deviation from the four TOFs. The receiver position (in three dimensional Cartesian coordinates with origin at the earth&#39;s center) and the offset of the receiver clock relative to GPS system time are computed simultaneously, using the navigation equations to process the TOFs. The receiver&#39;s earth-centered solution location is usually converted to latitude and longitude relative to an ellipsoidal earth model. These coordinates may be displayed (e.g. on a moving map display) and/or recorded and/or used by other systems (e.g., vehicle guidance). 
         [0103]    Onboard Sensors  207  are for flight or vehicle management and control capturing audio and visual signals from the UV location and field of view for transmission to the OCS—Control and Monitoring Systems  218 . For PARDEs that require a high level of precision with respect to UV locations, sensors may include the following to augment GPS  206  data: Laser Sensors  401 , Optical Sensors (including infrared (IR)) 402, Altimeters and/or Acoustic Depth Finders  404 . Laser Sensors  401  field measure in real time UV height and distances from site obstacles and features. As described in more detail later, Optical Sensors capture real time images of the PARDE location making sure to specifically locate in their field of view pre-located QR (quick response) codes (or site specific landmarks) for geo-referencing. There may be separate optical sensors for navigation assistance and for payload support systems. 
         [0104]    Additional Onboard Sensors  207  include Gyroscope(s)  403  for flight control, Unexpected Obstacle Avoidance  405  and Critical Systems  406  for monitoring battery power and emergency maneuvers and notification. LIDAR (light detection and ranging) System Sensors  414  can be used to real-time mapping, Sonar Sensors  415  and Pressure Sensors  413  may also be used to relay information back to the OCS  103  and RDP or CP. 
         [0105]    Transmitters and data link systems  208  may include a radio controlled transmitter, Wi-Fi, or satellite wireless systems. A radio transmitter connected to an antenna producing an electromagnetic signal such as in radio and television broadcasting, two way communications or radar. Transmitters must meet use requirements including the frequency of operation, the type of modulation, the stability and purity of the resulting signal, the efficiency of power use, and the power level required to meet the system design objectives. Transmitters generate a carrier signal which is normally sinusoidal, optionally one or more frequency multiplication stages, a modulator, a power amplifier, and a filter and matching network to connect to an antenna. A very simple transmitter might contain only a continuously running oscillator coupled to some antenna system. More elaborate transmitters allow better control over the modulation of the emitted signal and improve the stability of the transmitted frequency. 
         [0106]    For transmitter and data link systems  208  relying on Wi-Fi, the UV has to be equipped with a wireless network interface controller. The combination of computer and interface controller is called a station. All stations share a single radio frequency communication channel. Transmissions on this channel are received by all stations within range. The hardware does not signal the user that the transmission was delivered and is therefore called a best-effort delivery mechanism. A carrier wave is used to transmit the data in packets, referred to as “Ethernet frames”. Each station is constantly tuned in on the radio frequency communication channel to pick up available transmissions. Wi-Fi technology may be used to provide Internet access to devices that are within the range of a wireless network that is connected to the Internet. The coverage of one or more interconnected access points (hotspots) can extend from an area as small as a few rooms to as large as many square miles. Coverage in the larger area may require a group of access points with overlapping coverage. Electronic signal repeaters may be needed to extend the wireless signal to the entire PARDE local. 
         [0107]    Onboard Processing Systems (OPS)  210  include Autopilot hardware and software  211  and an Onboard Processor (OP)  212 . Autopilot hardware and software can be open-source autopilot systems oriented toward inexpensive autonomous aircraft. An autopilot allows a remotely piloted aircraft to be flown out of sight. All hardware and software can be open-source and freely available to anyone under licensing or applicable agreements. Free software autopilots provide more flexible hardware and software. Autopilot hardware and software  211  is modified as described below to include special flight control requirements. 
         [0108]    An Onboard Processor  212  is a computer processing unit and uninterruptable power supply (UPS) onboard individual UVs  102 . One function of the Onboard Processor is to process and compress video signals from Optical Sensors  402  prior to transmission to the OCS-CPU Node #n  203 , processing of GPS  206  data and Optical Sensor  402  data for determining UV  102  location(s), and return home fail-safe flight control in the event of loss of signal from the OCS  103 . 
         [0109]      FIG. 4  illustrates exemplary architecture for an unmanned vehicle for use with embodiments disclosed herein. Integral to the architecture is modularity and adaptability to vehicles regardless of their classification (i.e., UAV  301 , UGV  302 , USV  303  or UUV  304 ). While components such as Onboard Processing Systems  210  and Onboard Motion, Payload and Support Systems  213  are adapted and designed for compatibility and functionality for the various vehicle classifications, several components including GPS  206 , Sensors  207 , Receivers  205  and Transmitters  208  have less need for specialization. 
         [0110]    On board Payload and Support Systems (OPSS)  408  can include items such high-resolution cameras, IR and thermography imaging systems or other sensory systems. Systems to include various camera types with different focal lengths and sensor sizes (RGB, multi-spectral camera), gaming accessories (e.g., IR beam for targeting, optical sensor/receiver for measuring ‘hits’). 
         [0111]    As shown in  FIG. 4 , the UVs are provided approved Remote Drone Pilot (RDP) Commands or Override Commands  209  from the OCS  103 . As previously discussed, RDPs and RDCPs commands are processed and assessed for consistency with the PARDE mission plan, safety requirements, etc. prior to being transmitted to the UVs  102 . Override commands to the UV are implemented at the discretion of the Control Pilot  104  and PARDE specific flight rules. Data from onboard Sensors will be transmitted to the OCS  103  and Onboard Processor  212 . Sensors have flight control and monitoring duties and may be used as the primary flight guidance tools in the event contact to the OCS  103  is lost and/or the GPS  206  signal is unavailable. Loss of signal and resulting control architecture is presented in more detail in  FIGS. 16A ,  16 B and  16 C. Basic functionality of the UV  102  is presented in Table 1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Functionality of UV 102 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Functional 
                   
               
               
                 Category 
                 UV 102 Related Architecture, Functionality and System Responses 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 RDP, RDCP 106 
                 Onboard microphone and speakers through Environmental Interface 
               
               
                 and CP 104 
                 Systems 411. Allows for real-time audio of the UV&#39;s surrounding 
               
               
                 Communications 
                 environment and RDP and/or RDCP ability to communicate to individuals 
               
               
                 to/from real 
                 or other systems within the PARDE event. 
               
               
                 environment of UV 
               
               
                 102 
               
               
                 OCS 103 
                 Optical Sensors 402 capture Drone&#39;s Eye View. Image(s) can be pre- 
               
               
                 Monitoring of UV 
                 processed using OP 212 prior to transmission to reduce bit transmission 
               
               
                 102 and VARC 101 
                 rates necessary for undetectable, or minimal, image lag. Laser Sensors 401 
               
               
                   
                 capture distances from the ground and other objects. Gyroscopes 403 
               
               
                   
                 measure the orientation of the vehicle. Altimeter or Acoustic Depth Finder 
               
               
                   
                 404 records distance above the ground surface or below the water surface. 
               
               
                   
                 Critical Systems monitoring 406 include battery power and communication 
               
               
                   
                 systems&#39; status. Infrared sensors 413, LIDAR 414 and Sonar 415 sensors 
               
               
                   
                 can be used for flight control primary or redundant systems&#39; monitoring. 
               
               
                 OCS 103 Override 
                 Commercially available Autopilot 211 hardware and software (e.g., 
               
               
                 Control of UV 102 
                 Arduplane (air), or Ardurover (land and water)) shall be modified to 
               
               
                   
                 implement additional autonomous and semi-autonomous flight controls 
               
               
                   
                 within the PARDE event with regard to redundant safety features, 
               
               
                   
                 universal and personnel Geofence conditions and pre-programmed PARDE 
               
               
                   
                 content delivery. Data processing in the OP 212 of GPS 205 and Sensor 
               
               
                   
                 207 data to prevent critical systems failures and direct transmission of data 
               
               
                   
                 to the OCS 103 for processing. 
               
               
                   
                 Override from the OCS 103 system can include pre-programmed flight 
               
               
                   
                 control responses to varying proximity to the universal Geofence, 
               
               
                   
                 sensitivity to the personal Geofence of other UVs 102, and pre- 
               
               
                   
                 programmed or real-time PARDE content and conditions. 
               
               
                 CP 104 Override 
                 Control Pilot monitoring the UV 102 and other systems may take direct 
               
               
                 Control of UV 102 
                 flight control of all systems by transmitting the Approved Remote Drone 
               
               
                   
                 Pilot Commands 209. 
               
               
                 CP 104 Semi-direct 
                 Control Pilot monitoring the UV 102 and other systems may take direct 
               
               
                 Override control of 
                 control of one or more systems but not all systems as discussed above. 
               
               
                 UV 102 
                 Examples may be partial control of flight systems while the RDP control 
               
               
                   
                 augmented content delivery. Another example is the CP taking control of 
               
               
                   
                 direction and altitude while the RDP continues to control vehicle speed. 
               
               
                   
                 Approved Remote Drone Pilot Commands 209 received from OCS 103 to 
               
               
                   
                 Receiver 205. 
               
               
                 Fail-Safe Shut 
                 UVs 102 OP 212 will process modified Autopilot 211 commands to either 
               
               
                 Down of UV 102 
                 return “home”, to a pre-determined safe landing area, or emergency 
               
               
                   
                 landing via parachute, etc. Redundant commands will be transmitted from 
               
               
                   
                 OCS 103 through Approved Remote Drone Pilot (RDP) 209. Return to 
               
               
                   
                 base in case of lost signal will be handled by the Autopilot 211. 
               
               
                 Swarm, Flock or 
                 Through pre-programmed flight controls from the OCS 103 or directional 
               
               
                 Autonomous 
                 control of the CP through approved RDP Command or Override 
               
               
                 Clustering Setting 
                 Commands 209, individual UVs 102 will be used together in one or more 
               
               
                 from OCS 103 to 
                 PARDES to exhibit swarm behavior, which is a collective behavior 
               
               
                 UVs 102 
                 exhibited by animals or machines which aggregate together, milling about 
               
               
                   
                 the same spot or moving en masse or migrating in some direction. The 
               
               
                   
                 number of UVs that may be operating within a PARDE is scalable by 
               
               
                   
                 orders of magnitude. This is possible through the redundant 3D 
               
               
                   
                 localization which allows swarm dynamics of large numbers of vehicles. 
               
               
                   
                 Programming from the OCS 103 will use metric distance models, 
               
               
                   
                 topological distance models, or equivalent models to define swarm 
               
               
                   
                 behavior. Mathematical models of swarms represent individual UVs 
               
               
                   
                 following three rules: 1) Move in the same direction as your neighbors, 2) 
               
               
                   
                 Remain close to your neighbors, and 3) Avoid collisions with your 
               
               
                   
                 neighbors. Commercially available swarm algorithms view the swarm as 
               
               
                   
                 a field, working with the density of the swarm and deriving mean field 
               
               
                   
                 properties. However, most models work using an agent-based 
               
               
                   
                 model following the individual agents (points or particles) that make up the 
               
               
                   
                 swarm. Individual particle models can follow information on heading and 
               
               
                   
                 spacing. 
               
               
                   
                 The OCS imparts swarm behavior which enhances coordination and safety 
               
               
                   
                 by having accurate real-time position data from all vehicles within the 
               
               
                   
                 PARDE. This allows control of anything from a single vehicle to all 
               
               
                   
                 vehicles simultaneously. Various missions can be programmed in while 
               
               
                   
                 objectives such as Collision Avoidance/Personal Geofence behavior, 
               
               
                   
                 and/or staying within a set Universal Geofence area will still be highest 
               
               
                   
                 priority. 
               
               
                 Software &amp; 
                 Compatible software components installed on the VARC 101, UVs 102 
               
               
                 Operating System 
                 and OCS 103 that enable interoperability for all defined features and 
               
               
                 for VARC 101, UV 
                 functions of the system. FIG. 9 presents a Hierarchic Object-Oriented 
               
               
                 102, and OCS 103 
                 Design graphic of the PARDE Operating System software components. 
               
               
                 Communication 
               
               
                 and Integration 
               
               
                 Web Portal 701 
                 OCS 103 shall have a web-portal for RDP 106 access allowing entry and 
               
               
                 (FIG. 7) for RDP 
                 updating of configured settings for PARDE delivery. 
               
               
                 and RDCP 106 
               
               
                 Access and Profile 
               
               
                 Configuration 
               
               
                 UV 102 
                 Each UV 102 #M will be uniquely identified within the OCS 103. UV 
               
               
                 Identification 
                 information such as type, structure configuration, power, video, and 
               
               
                   
                 payload systems information will be managed in the OCS 103. 
               
               
                 UV 102 Onboard 
                 Onboard Payload and Support Systems (OPSS) include Environmental 
               
               
                 Payload and 
                 Interface Systems 411 and Gaming Systems 412. 
               
               
                 Support Systems 
                 Environmental Interface Systems can include speakers, lights, robotic 
               
               
                 (OPSS) 408 
                 sensors, chemical sensors, manipulators, etc. They will be PARDE 
               
               
                   
                 specific and closely integrated with the PARDE Augmented Content 
               
               
                   
                 delivery. 
               
               
                   
                 Gaming Systems 412 on the UV can be infrared beams and/or video 
               
               
                   
                 targeting system to attach other UVs in the PARDE. Programmed game 
               
               
                   
                 rules and will be stored in the OCS 103. Real or virtual “damage” to the 
               
               
                   
                 RDP 106 UV 102 or over UVs can be tracked to eliminate another UV 
               
               
                   
                 from a gaming PARDE. 
               
               
                   
                 Optical Sensors 402 can be infra-red to read and measures beam impacts 
               
               
                   
                 (‘hits’) and effect a change to the OCS 103 that simulates damage to the 
               
               
                   
                 UV. 
               
               
                 UV 102 Lighting 
                 UVs 102 can include lighting systems for illumination of surrounding 
               
               
                 Systems 
                 environment and/or visual status indication of UV (e.g., powered up, 
               
               
                   
                 powered down, hit damage, under VARC Control, under OCS CP control, 
               
               
                   
                 etc.). Setting can be locally on the UV in the OPS 210. Onboard Payload 
               
               
                   
                 and Support Systems 411 and Gaming Systems 412 can have lighting 
               
               
                   
                 components. 
               
               
                 UV Sensors 207 
                 Each UV 102 may be outfitted with various sensors 207 including Laser 
               
               
                 and Wireless 
                 Sensors 401, Optical Sensors (including Infrared (IR)) 402, Gyroscopes 
               
               
                 Communications 
                 403, Altimeters 404, Unexpected Obstacle Avoidance 405, Critical 
               
               
                 107 
                 Systems monitoring Sensors 406, Pressure Sensors 413, Lidar sensors 
               
               
                   
                 414, and Sonar Sensors 415. 
               
               
                   
                 Data transmission of sensor data to OCS 103 and VARC 101 using 
               
               
                   
                 Wireless Communications 107 such as remote control, Wi-Fi, satellite 
               
               
                   
                 communications, or other systems. 
               
               
                 UV 102 First 
                 Combine virtual reality (VR) head mounted displays (HMDs) with (UV) 
               
               
                 Person View (FPV) 
                 technology to RDP 106 or control payload on a UV 102 through a Virtual 
               
               
                 video systems 
                 Reality Headset, computer screen or tablet. A UV mounted with cameras 
               
               
                 (Drone&#39;s Eye View) 
                 which streams video to a VR headset, or equal. 
               
               
                   
                 Control the flight of a UV through its remote controller, while the RDP at 
               
               
                   
                 the same time is being shown the flight through an immersive video 
               
               
                   
                 medium. The RDP also has the choice to look around due to the camera 
               
               
                   
                 platform being synchronized with the head tracking sensors in the HMD. 
               
               
                   
                 The camera (Optical Sensors 402) is mounted to a platform Onboard 
               
               
                   
                 Payload and Support Systems 408. 
               
               
                   
                 The servo positions on the camera mounts can be synchronized to HMD 
               
               
                   
                 orientation by extracting the vector components which in sum represent the 
               
               
                   
                 direction the HMD is pointing. The direction coordinates produced in the 
               
               
                   
                 headset are converted into a range which will be used to steer the servos. 
               
               
                   
                 The coordinates are modified to be contained within a specific range, 
               
               
                   
                 which is dictated by the rotational reach of the servos. The modified 
               
               
                   
                 coordinates can then be sent by serial wireless transmission (Transmitters 
               
               
                   
                 208), or equal 
               
               
                   
                 The cameras (Optical Sensors 402) mounted on the UV will transmit video 
               
               
                   
                 to the OCS 103 and ultimately to the VARC 101. Composite video is 
               
               
                   
                 converted to digital format enabling processing of the video stream. This 
               
               
                   
                 conversion can be done by an external composite to USB device. The 
               
               
                   
                 video stream is then subjected to real time manipulation, which serves the 
               
               
                   
                 purpose of distorting the images into a format which can be viewed in the 
               
               
                   
                 head mounted display. 
               
               
                   
                 Include multiple camera and video systems via Optical Sensors 402 and 
               
               
                   
                 stabilization systems (e.g., brushless gimbal or equal) as part of Onboard 
               
               
                   
                 Payload and Support Systems 409. Each UV 102 camera system can 
               
               
                   
                 include multiple cameras to enable operator switching to view full 360° or 
               
               
                   
                 pre-fabricated 3 rd  party providers such as Bubblcam (bubl, Toronto, 
               
               
                   
                 Canada), Giroptic (Lille, France) or 360Fly (Pittsburgh, PA)). An RDP 
               
               
                   
                 and multiple RDCP may access and view differing parts of the captured 
               
               
                   
                 real-time video. Video may be HD70p, HD 1080p, NTSC or better 
               
               
                   
                 including composite of 3840-by-3840 pixel photographs. 
               
               
                 Create PARDE 
                 PARDE templates include storage of parameters for UV 102 system flight 
               
               
                 “Library” with 
                 control and content delivery specific to the type and location of each 
               
               
                 Spatial Data, Site 
                 PARDE. Exemplary parameters include: PARDE boundaries, maximum 
               
               
                 Settings and 
                 speeds and altitudes, site specific information such as vegetation and 
               
               
                 Preferences 215 and 
                 wildlife, games rules, and others. Additional PARDE configuration 
               
               
                 Augmented Content 
                 settings can be transmitted from the OCS 103. 
               
               
                 Data and Settings 
               
               
                 216 
               
               
                 Creation of PARDE 
                 Sensor 207 and GPS 206 data delivered to OCS 103 and VARC 101 for 
               
               
                 Templates 
                 use in UVs 102. Augmented content and configuration from OCS 103. 
               
               
                 PARDE Type 
                 PARDEs can be categorized into “Types” of PARDEs such as educational, 
               
               
                 Setting 
                 recreational, health and wellness and other. Each PARDE type may have 
               
               
                   
                 its own UV 102 centric settings and constraints. 
               
               
                 Unmanned Vehicle 
                 Each event will have UVs uniquely identified in the OCS 103. There will 
               
               
                 (UV) 102 Type 
                 be a unique code associated to each UV that represent type of UV land, air, 
               
               
                   
                 surface water, or submersible UV Type and specific to the individual UV. 
               
               
                   
                 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) 301 may be Multi-rotor Aerial Vehicles 
               
               
                   
                 305, Fixed Wing 306, or Aerial Animal Based Robotic Vehicles 307. 
               
               
                   
                 Unmanned Ground Based Vehicles 302 may be Track Mounted Ground 
               
               
                   
                 Vehicles 308, Wheel Based Ground Vehicles 309 (e.g., street race cars, 
               
               
                   
                 off-road trucks, buggy, trucks, or “monster” trucks), Multi-pod Vehicles 
               
               
                   
                 310 or Humanoid Robotic Vehicles 311. Unmanned Surface Water 
               
               
                   
                 Vehicles 303 can include Fixed Hull or Inflatable Hull Surface Water 
               
               
                   
                 Vehicles 312. Unmanned Underwater Vehicles 304 can include Fixed 
               
               
                   
                 Shell Underwater Vehicles 313 or Underwater Animal Based Robotic 
               
               
                   
                 Vehicles 314. 
               
               
                 UV 102 to PARDE 
                 To participate in an authorized PARDE, the OCS 103 must have an 
               
               
                 Association 
                 acceptable UV 102 to PARDE binding. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 to RDP 
                 Can be pre-set or configured real-time that sets the rules and protocols for 
               
               
                 and/or RDCP 106 
                 how the UV 102 responds to RDP and/or RDCP controls according to 
               
               
                 Profile Pairing 
                 configuration settings. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 to UV 
                 Can be pre-set or configured real-time that sets the rules and protocols for 
               
               
                 102 Pairing 
                 how the UV 102 responds to VARC 101 controls according to 
               
               
                   
                 configuration settings. 
               
               
                 Multiple VARC 
                 Multiple VARCs 101 connected to a single UV can respond both for tactile 
               
               
                 101 to UV 102 
                 and motion simulation, but for field of view and augmented content 
               
               
                 Daisy Chain 
                 delivery, RDPs and RDCPs can have content delivered that is independent 
               
               
                   
                 of the other users. Daisy chains according to paired VARC 101 and 
               
               
                   
                 associated Control Type configured (autonomous or semi-autonomous) 
               
               
                 UV 102 and VARC 
                 Control Type and Motion Control Systems 605 based in part on mode of 
               
               
                 101 Control Type 
                 autonomous vehicle (i.e., air, ground, surface or underwater). VARC 101 
               
               
                 and Motion Control 
                 Control Type and Motion Control Systems including yolks, steering wells, 
               
               
                 Systems 605 
                 buttons, pedals, throttles, brakes responds according to configured pairing 
               
               
                   
                 of VARC and associated Control Type. Systems can be configured 
               
               
                   
                 directly or through use of the OCS 103. Will include commercially 
               
               
                   
                 available manufactured parts such as electronic speed control (ESC) 
               
               
                   
                 motors. 
               
               
                 RDP and RDCP 
                 UVs 102 are controlled via Motion Control Systems 605 and Payload 
               
               
                 106 VARC 101 
                 Control Systems 607 based on the classification of the UV 102, as well as 
               
               
                 Control Layout 
                 other factors. The layout of the controls on the VARC 101 can be 
               
               
                 Configurability 
                 configured to align with the individual RDP or RDCP 106 preferences. 
               
               
                   
                 Control settings and configuration can occur through the OCS 103. 
               
               
                 RDP and RDCP 
                 Settings can be preset or changed in real time to align with the preferences 
               
               
                 106 Profile Settings 
                 of the RDP and RDCP 106 provided they are approved by the CP 104 and 
               
               
                 702 
                 consistent with safety and communication protocols. RDP and RDCP 
               
               
                   
                 Settings 702 include: Language preferences 703, Skill Level 704, 
               
               
                   
                 Augmented Reality (AR) Content Preferences 705 and Additional Settings 
               
               
                   
                 706. The UV 102 paired with the RDP 106 will be respond based on RDP 
               
               
                   
                 and RDCP 106 Profile Settings 702. Control settings and configuration 
               
               
                   
                 can occur through the OCS 103. 
               
               
                   
                 1404 is a visual representation of the differing levels of control of UVs 
               
               
                   
                 available to RDPs based on individual skill level. This level may be 
               
               
                   
                 assessed before a RDP&#39;s first PARDE experience, then loaded or modified 
               
               
                   
                 as appropriate for future PARDEs. As shown in FIG. 14, the higher the 
               
               
                   
                 RDPs skill level the more vehicular control is granted. 
               
               
                   
                 Beginner level RDPs may only have interactive access to the field of view 
               
               
                   
                 presented to them, so a novices PARDE experience may be analogous to a 
               
               
                   
                 rollercoaster which does not give any control to passengers. Intermediate 
               
               
                   
                 skill level RDPs may have access to 3D maneuvering within the space 
               
               
                   
                 permitted by the Universal Geofence, subject to maximum 
               
               
                   
                 throttle/acceleration and velocity restrictions. Expert level RDPs may have 
               
               
                   
                 full control of the vehicle. 
               
               
                   
                 All levels of skill are subject to both Universal and Personal Geofences, 
               
               
                   
                 and accompanying OCS safety overrides. 
               
               
                 Pilot control 
                 Responds based on VARC configuration changes. 
               
               
                 sensitivity 
               
               
                 configurability 
               
               
                 VARC Six Degrees 
                 Sends motion characteristic sensor data to simulate UV 102 motion at 
               
               
                 of Motion Intensity 
                 VARC 101. 
               
               
                 configurability 
               
               
                 VARC tactile force 
                 Sends system orientation sensor data to simulate VARC and control 
               
               
                 feedback intensity 
                 system tactile feedback. 
               
               
                 configuration 
               
               
                 PARDE Universal 
                 The Personal Geofence is a defined 3D bubble around individual UVs 
               
               
                 Geofence 1501 and 
                 which is not allowed to overlap with another UVs individual geofence. 
               
               
                 Personal Geofence 
                 Any command by a RDP(s) to bring UVs close enough to violate this rule 
               
               
                 Areas 1502 
                 will result in the OCS overriding their commands and separating the 
               
               
                   
                 vehicles to an acceptable distance. UV1 and UV2 in the figure show the 
               
               
                   
                 closest proximity two UVs may be allowed before OCS override of 
               
               
                   
                 commands. 
               
               
                   
                 For the Universal Geofence settings, a three dimensional volume is either 
               
               
                   
                 pre-set or configured real time by the Control Pilot 104 using a 
               
               
                   
                 combination of x, y and z coordinates. The x and y limits correspond to 
               
               
                   
                 GPS latitude and longitude readings and the z direction is either an 
               
               
                   
                 altimeter or depth finder. Also set are “buffer zones” within the Geofenced 
               
               
                   
                 areas that initiate some action by the UVs 102 including autonomous flight 
               
               
                   
                 control behavior so that the UV 102 does not exit the approved Geofence 
               
               
                   
                 areas. 
               
               
                   
                 Geofencing will be achieved via onboard GPS 206. Collision avoidance of 
               
               
                   
                 unexpected obstacles in case of lost signal will be handled by the Onboard 
               
               
                   
                 Processor 212. 
               
               
                   
                 Data will be interpreted by the Autopilot 211 (PX-4 or similar) using 
               
               
                   
                 Flight Management Software in the OCS 103 such as “Q-GroundControl”. 
               
               
                   
                 Fleet dynamics rules that already exist for the autopilot and will be used 
               
               
                   
                 and an additional buffer for each unit will be assigned. Rules for semi- 
               
               
                   
                 autonomous override, or alerting of CP, will be based on a weighted 
               
               
                   
                 distance and velocity algorithms. 
               
               
                   
                 The Universal Geofence is the 3D box in which all UVs operating during a 
               
               
                   
                 specific PARDE are contained. This is the allowed volume of the PARDE 
               
               
                   
                 staging area where RDPs may direct their UV. Any attempt to leave this 
               
               
                   
                 area will result in the OCS 103 overriding RDP commands and bringing 
               
               
                   
                 the UV back to a set distance from the Universal Geofence. 
               
               
                   
                 The buffer zones will be set based on PARDE parameters and RDP skill 
               
               
                   
                 levels. 
               
               
                 Fail Safe 
                 UV on-board GPS 206 optimally provides vehicle localization; in cases of 
               
               
                 Configuration of 
                 GPS signal loss the Onboard Processor 212 redundantly provides vehicle 
               
               
                 the UV 102 for 
                 localization based on visual processing algorithms. In case of command 
               
               
                 Loss of UV 
                 signal loss, the autopilot will return the vehicle to its origin point, if GPS 
               
               
                 Receiver, GPS or 
                 signal is also lost it will do the same based off the onboard processor visual 
               
               
                 Both 
                 processing. 
               
               
                   
                 FIGS. 17A, 17B and 17C are visual representations of the safety protocols 
               
               
                   
                 for various loss of signal scenarios. GPS 206, Sensors 207, Receiver 205 
               
               
                   
                 and the Onboard Processing Systems (OPS) 210 function redundantly to 
               
               
                   
                 allow for a high degree of certainty with respect to UV 102 location. Loss 
               
               
                   
                 of Signal 1601 can occur from these systems. When the GPS 206 signal is 
               
               
                   
                 lost, sensor 207 visual cues can be used with processing by the OCS 103 
               
               
                   
                 for safe return to an approved “home base”, landing or staging area. 
               
               
                   
                 If the Loss of Signal 1701 is to the receiver 205, GPS 206 and Visual Cues 
               
               
                   
                 1702 together are processed in the OPS 210 to direct a safe return of the 
               
               
                   
                 UV 102. 
               
               
                   
                 If the Loss of Signal is to both the receiver 205 and GPS 206 system, 
               
               
                   
                 Visual Cues 1702 from the Sensor 207 could be processed in the OPS 210 
               
               
                   
                 to direct a safe return of the UV 102. 
               
               
                 PARDE 
                 For systems&#39; check to ensure all required configuration settings are input 
               
               
                 Configuration 
                 prior to operation in a PARDE event. Primarily an OCS 103 function with 
               
               
                 Validation 
                 UV 102 compatibility and configuration checks. 
               
               
                 “PARDE&#39;s Over” 
                 UV 102 returns to “home-base” or preapproved safe landing or staging 
               
               
                 or Safe Return 
                 area. Can be programed through OCS 103, Autopilot 211 or Onboard 
               
               
                 Home 
                 processor (OP) 212. 
               
               
                 Configuration of 
                 Augmented Audio Content can be programmed into the OCS 103 for 
               
               
                 Augmented Audio 
                 delivery to either the UV 102 (for example in bird “call-back” surveys) or 
               
               
                 Content 
                 to the VARC 101. Audio can be stored files or real-time from 
               
               
                   
                 microphones installed in the Onboard Payload and Support Systems 408. 
               
               
                   
                 Audio can be configured to play at specific GPS locals, at timed intervals 
               
               
                   
                 or at the retrieval preference of the RDP or RDCP 106. 
               
               
                 Configuration of 
                 Augmented Visual Content can be programmed into the OCS 103 for 
               
               
                 Augmented Visual 
                 delivery to either the UV 102 or to the VARC 101. Visual content can be 
               
               
                 Content 
                 stored video, graphical or hologram files or animation overlaid real-time 
               
               
                   
                 video from cameras installed on the UV 102 Optical Sensors 402 or the 
               
               
                   
                 Onboard Payload and Support Systems 408. Visual content can be 
               
               
                   
                 configured to play at specific GPS locals, at timed intervals or at the 
               
               
                   
                 retrieval preference of the RDP or RDCP 106. 3D maps and rules will be 
               
               
                   
                 loaded into the system specific to each PARDE. 
               
               
                 Configuration of 
                 Augmented Tactile and Motion Content can be programmed into the OCS 
               
               
                 Augmented Tactile 
                 103 for delivery to the VARC 101. Tactile and Motion content can be 
               
               
                 and Motion Content 
                 stored files or real-time based on sensor 207 data (e.g., Gyroscope and 
               
               
                   
                 Accelerometer 403 data) installed on the UV 102 or the Onboard Payload 
               
               
                   
                 and Support Systems 408. Tactile and Motion content can be configured 
               
               
                   
                 to run at specific GPS locals, at timed intervals or at the retrieval 
               
               
                   
                 preference of the RDP or RDCP 106. 
               
               
                 CP 104 Displays 
                 Includes receiving 506 data from UV 102 sensors 207 and generating 
               
               
                 and Graphical 
                 onscreen display for the CP 531 Interface. 
               
               
                 Generator 
               
               
                 Delivery of 
                 Augmented Audio Content is heard by the RDP and RDCP 106 through 
               
               
                 Augmented Audio 
                 the Audio Systems 603 on the VARC 101 and by the CP 104 through the 
               
               
                 content to RDP or 
                 OCS 103 CP Interface 531 Audio Speakers 529. 
               
               
                 RDCP 106 or to CP 
               
               
                 104 
               
               
                 Display of 
                 Augmented Visual Content is seen by the RDP and RDCP 106 through the 
               
               
                 Augmented Visual 
                 Visual Systems 602 on the VARC 101 and by the CP 104 through the OCS 
               
               
                 content to RDP or 
                 103 CP Interface 531 Monitor 528. 
               
               
                 RDCP 106 or to CP 
               
               
                 104 
               
               
                 RDP 106 Control 
                 Controls systems on UV 102 operated from VARC 101 Control Systems 
               
               
                 Systems 604 
                 604. Systems include Motion Control Systems 605, Environmental 
               
               
                   
                 Interface Systems 606, Payload Control Systems 607, Gaming Systems 
               
               
                   
                 608 and Sensors 609. UV 102 responds to RDP control inputs in real-time 
               
               
                   
                 through approved RDP Commands or Override Commands 209. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 Motion 
                 Sensors 207 and GPS 206 data for real-time position, orientation and 
               
               
                 Feedback 
                 motion changes will be directed through the OCS 103 to the VARC 101 
               
               
                   
                 Tactile and Motion Feedback 601 systems. Motion can be delivered in this 
               
               
                   
                 system to the VARC Motion Chairs 610 or 3D Motion Chair Pod 611 
               
               
                   
                 using electro-mechanical or pneumatic systems, motors, gears and servos. 
               
               
                   
                 The degree of motion and its sensitivity to UV 102 movement is 
               
               
                   
                 configurable. Motion can be translational or rotational or a combination of 
               
               
                   
                 the two. Motion directional feedback to include yaw, pitch, roll, up, down, 
               
               
                   
                 left, right and/or forward. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 Tactile 
                 Sensors 207 and GPS 206 data for real-time position, orientation and 
               
               
                 Feedback 
                 motion changes will be directed through the OCS 103 to the VARC 101 
               
               
                   
                 Tactile and Motion Feedback 601 systems. Tactile feedback including 
               
               
                   
                 Olfactory Inputs 612, Moisture Inputs 613 or Heat and Air Inputs 614 can 
               
               
                   
                 be delivered in this system to the VARC using spray nozzles, heaters, air 
               
               
                   
                 conditioning units and “perfumes”. The amount of feedback and their 
               
               
                   
                 sensitivity to UV 102 movement and location is configurable. 
               
               
                 Decentralized 
                 UVs 102 can operate as expected regardless of VARC 101 locations. All 
               
               
                 Deployment of UVs 
                 movement is controlled and supervised using the OCS 103 and CP 104. 
               
               
                 102 and VARCs 
                 UVs 102 and VARCs 101 may be deployed at the same local 105. 
               
               
                 101 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0112]      FIG. 6  presents an exemplary Virtual Augmented Reality Cockpit (VARC) #N  101  in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein. Components of the VARC can include: VARC-Centric signal Transmission, Receiving and VARC Onboard Processing Systems  201 , Visual Systems  602 , Audio Systems  603 , Control Systems  604  and Tactile and Motion Feedback Systems  601 . A VARC can be used by Remote Drone Pilots (RDP)s or Remote Drone Co-pilots (RDCP)  106  or Control Pilots (CP)  104 .  FIGS. 6A through 6D  present variations and embodiments of the various components. 
         [0113]      FIG. 6A  illustrate VARC System Tactile and Motion Feedback Components  601  such as: Motion Chair  610  with up to 6 degrees of freedom  625 . A self-enclosed 3D Motion Pod  611  would also have up to 6 degrees of freedom  625  with respect to motion. During a PARDE, tactile feedback is provided to the pilot(s) including scents delivered using spray nozzles or vaporizers and Olfactory Inputs  612  such as perfumes. Moisture Inputs  613  can be integrated through water spray nozzles. Heat and Air (wind) Inputs  614  can be incorporated as well. 
         [0114]      FIG. 6B  shows exemplary VARC Visual System Components  602  including large Screen televisions, monitors  615  or flexible wallpaper televisions. Virtual Reality (VR) goggles  616  are available from third party providers such as Rift from Oculus (Menlo Park, Calif.), Google glass from Google (Mountain View, Calif.), Samsung products (Ridgefield, N.J.) or equivalent product. Lastly, a simple computer screen, tablet or smart phone  617  could be used to visualize content. 
         [0115]      FIG. 6C  presents two examples for Audio System Components  603  delivering and receiving on the VARC including a standard earbud and/or Headset and Microphone  618  and Speakers  619 . 
         [0116]    Control Systems for the VARC include: Motion and Control Systems  605 , Environmental Interface Systems (Speakers, Lights, Robotic Physical and Chemical Sensors and Manipulators)  606 , Payload Control Systems  607 , Gaming Systems  608  and Sensors  609 . 
         [0117]      FIG. 6D  presents exemplary VARC Control System Components  604  and control methods that include the use of Joysticks, Yolks and/or Pedals  620 , Kinematic and motion sensor controls  621  and Neurotelepathic Control  622  either Wired  623  or Wirelessly  624 . 
         [0118]    Variations and combinations of the audio and visual components could be made for instance into a gel-helmet, form fitting to the pilots head. 
       VARC Embodiments 
       [0119]    The VARC  101  at its simplest may consist of VR Goggles  616  and a hand held radio controlled joystick and controllers  620 . A high end version of the VARC could include a motion capable chair which will simulate the UV orientation, speakers, and a screen or goggles. A PARDE may contain one or more users all utilizing a single OCS  103 . A single UV may have multiple VARCs  101  and RDPs  106  utilizing it. One RDP may be ‘primary’ and have vehicular control while the others may be ‘secondary’ and may only have control over their field of view. A single VARC and RDP may switch between different UV platforms, of either the same type (UAV  301 , UGV  302 , USV  303  or UUV  304 ) or of a different type. 
         [0120]    The PARDE experience in the VARC  101  for the pilot may include augmented virtual content, overlaid on the UV data by the OCS  103 . This additional content may be visual, auditory, or tactile in nature, such as a virtual guide or the sound and overpressure of a virtual explosion. 
         [0121]    VARC embodiments are listed below but it should be noted that the VARC  101  can exist in a wide range of incarnations. The following exemplary combinations of motion and tactile configurations, audio and visual configurations and control configurations can be result several VARC embodiments:
       Video display with handheld remote control system,   FPV Goggles with handheld remote control system,   FPV Goggles with more realistic integrated seat and control systems,   FPV Goggles with virtual chair that provides motion and control systems,   FPV Goggles with virtual chair, full motion and control system tactile force feedback, and   High definition, wrap around display in fully enclosed cockpit with full motion and cockpit and control system tactile force feedback. This VARC embodiment is a cockpit/capsule (pod) that the pilot steps into and that closes completely around the pilot to provide a sound proof and light proof immersed environment.       
 
         [0128]    The multiple VARCs  101  and RDP/RDCP  106  can interface with a single UV  102 . While only one ‘primary’ RDP can give control commands at any given time, an unlimited number of RDCPs can interface as ‘secondary’ users. These RDPs may have control of the field of view presented in their VARC, comparable to a passenger in a regular vehicle looking out different windows. UV control may also be passed from the ‘primary’ RDP to a ‘secondary’. RDPs can also switch between interfacing with different UV platforms in a single VARC. 
         [0129]      FIG. 7  illustrates exemplary VARC  101  architecture for use with embodiments of the system. Each VARC #N  101  has two main elements: VARC-Centric Signal Transmission, Receiving and VARC Onboard Processing Systems (VOP)  201  and Controls and Interface Systems  223 . Systems for delivering augmented content to the user, or RDP/RDCP  106  include Tactile and Motion Feedback systems  601 , Visual Systems  602  and Audio Systems  603 . Motion systems within the Tactile and Motion Feedback  601  include the mechanical, electrical, and software systems that receive the pilot control input information and real-world-environment sensor data and translate the motion of the cockpit to simulate the real-world UV  102  motion. 
         [0130]    Visual systems  602  are the means by which a user views real world images from the UV  101  and overlaid visual augmented content. 
         [0131]    Audio systems  603  are the means by which a user views hear audio files and real time audio from the UV  102  location or communicate with other pilots, including the Control Pilot  104 . 
         [0132]    UV  102  control by the RDP or RDCP  106  are performed using specialized and personalized Control Systems  604 . This includes Motion Control Systems  605  for vehicle motion control, Environmental Interface Systems  606  specific to the PARDE mission at hand, Payload Control Systems  607 , Gaming Systems  608  controls and Sensors  609 . VARC sensors may include gyroscopes, power sensors, temperature sensors, etc. Pilots may control UV  102  Payload Control Systems  607  through standard joysticks, buttons, etc. but may using head motion tracking systems (e.g., camera views may be controlled through head motion to simulate real-time environment viewing). 
         [0133]    Also shown on  FIG. 7  is exemplary architecture for personalization of RDP or RDCP Settings  702 . Settings can be set in advance or just prior to a PARDE event. They can be accessed and set via a user Web Portal  701  or other means. Settings for personalization to the RDP or RDCP  106  include: Language  703 , Skill Level  704 , Augmented Reality (AR) Content Preferences  705 , and Additional Settings  706  as needed. An example of personalized audio AR content delivery can as simple as having the RDP or RDCP  106  enter their preferred genre of music to be played in the background during a flight. Visual AR content personalization could include wanting to have access to retrieve specific topical information about a location during PARDE. As for tactile and motion feedback related AR, the user may prefer a jarring experience while others may prefer a smooth and calming ride in the VARC. 
         [0134]    Depending on the embodiment, the VARC-Centric Signal Transmission, Receiving and VARC Onboard Processing Systems  201  may be installed or integral to the Motion Chairs  610  or 3D Motion Chair Pods  611 , VR Goggles  616 , Headset and Microphones  618 , or any of the VARC Control System Components  604 . A VARC Onboard Processor (VP) #p will process the data and signals from the OCS  103  via Receiver  221  and to the OCS  103  via a Transmitter  222 . 
         [0135]    Basic functionality of the VARC  101  is presented in Table 2. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Functionality of VARC 101 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Functional 
                   
               
               
                 Category 
                 VARC 101 Related Architecture, Functionality and System Responses 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 RDP, RDCP 106 
                 Supports Audible and Visual communication Systems (602 and 603) to 
               
               
                 and CP 104 
                 provide the ability to communicate with one or more pilots operating in the 
               
               
                 Communications 
                 PARDE and provides ability to switch on one on one communication or to 
               
               
                   
                 communicate with multiple or groups of pilots at a time. Visual 
               
               
                   
                 communication may include a picture in picture view of the individual(s) 
               
               
                   
                 the CP is communicating with. 
               
               
                 OCS 103 
                 Visual Systems 602 and Sensors 609 allow OCS 103 and CP 104 to 
               
               
                 Monitoring of 
                 monitor VARC #N 101 status. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 
               
               
                 RDP and RDCP 106 
                 Visual Systems 602 and Sensors 609 allow OCS 103 and CP 104 to 
               
               
                 Monitoring 
                 monitor RDP or RDCP 106. 
               
               
                 OCS 103 Override 
                 Interruption of RDP and RDCP 106 control while OCS 103 is controlling 
               
               
                 Control of UV 102 
                 the UV 102. 
               
               
                 CP 104 Override 
                 Interruption of RDP and RDCP 106 control while CP 104 is controlling the 
               
               
                 Control of UV 102 
                 UV 102. 
               
               
                 CP 104 Semi-direct 
                 Allows for partial or dual control between OCS 103 or CP 106 and RDP 
               
               
                 Override control of 
                 104 using the VARC 101. 
               
               
                 UV 102 
               
               
                 Fail-Safe Shut 
                 VARC 101 control terminated and controlled VARC shut down occurs. 
               
               
                 Down 
               
               
                 SWARM, Flock or 
                 Interruption in RDP 106 control while OCS 103 or CP 104 are controlling 
               
               
                 Autonomous 
                 the UV in this settings. RDP 106 may retain some control of the UV even 
               
               
                 Clustering Setting 
                 in the SWARM mode. The CP 106 may set the direction or path the flock 
               
               
                 from OCS 103 to 
                 must take while the individual RDP 106 fly or traverse about with 
               
               
                 UVs 102 
                 limitations. The entire flock will move in the direction, altitude, etc. 
               
               
                   
                 determined by the OCs 103 or CP 104, similar to bird murmuration. 
               
               
                 Software/Operating 
                 Integrated with VARC 101, OCS 103 and UV 102 and enables 
               
               
                 System 
                 interoperability for all defined features and functions. 
               
               
                 Web Portal 701 for 
                 OCS 103 may have a Web Portal 701 to access RDP 106 information and 
               
               
                 RDP and RDCP 106 
                 perhaps auto configuration of pilot settings based on RDP or RDCP 
               
               
                 Access and Profile 
                 profiles. 
               
               
                 Configuration 
               
               
                 UV 102 
                 Unique identifiers used to pair VARC 101 to UV 102. 
               
               
                 Identification 
               
               
                 UV 102 Onboard 
                 Paired with VARC 101 Payload Control Systems 607, Gaming Systems 
               
               
                 Payload and 
                 608 and Environmental Interface Systems 606. Control system to manage 
               
               
                 Support Systems 
                 the IR beams and targeting systems. Impacts to control responsiveness 
               
               
                 (OPSS) 408 
                 based on simulated damage programmed for the ‘hits’ that have occurred. 
               
               
                   
                 Measured hits impact to control systems may be displayed as part of OSD 
               
               
                   
                 telemetry. 
               
               
                 UV 102 Lighting 
                 Provides illumination of environment as needed. Gives visual indication of 
               
               
                 Systems 
                 status of other UVs operating within the PARDE. Lighting Systems status 
               
               
                   
                 to be controlled by Environmental Interface Systems 606. 
               
               
                 UV Sensors 207 and 
                 VARC 101 receives and responds to telemetry data information through 
               
               
                 Wireless 
                 Transmitters 222 and Receivers 221 transmitting the signals to/from 
               
               
                 Communications 
                 Controls and Interface Systems 223. 
               
               
                 107 
               
               
                 UV 102 First Person 
                 Combine virtual reality (VR) head mounted displays (HMDs) with (UV) 
               
               
                 View (FPV) video 
                 technology to RDP 106 or control payload on a UV 102 through a VR 
               
               
                 systems (Drone&#39;s 
                 Goggles 616, computer screen or tablet 617. A UV 102 mounted with 
               
               
                 Eye View) 
                 cameras which streams video to a VR headset, or equal. 
               
               
                   
                 Control the flight of a UV through its remote controller, while the RDP at 
               
               
                   
                 the same time is being shown the flight through an immersive video 
               
               
                   
                 medium. The RDP 106 also has the choice to look around due to the 
               
               
                   
                 camera platform being synchronized with the head tracking sensors in the 
               
               
                   
                 HMD. The camera (Optical Sensors 402) is mounted to a platform 
               
               
                   
                 Onboard Payload and Support Systems 408. 
               
               
                   
                 The servo positions on the camera mounts can be synchronized to HMD 
               
               
                   
                 orientation by extracting the vector components which in sum represent the 
               
               
                   
                 direction the HMD is pointing. The direction coordinates produced in the 
               
               
                   
                 headset are converted into a range which will be used to steer the servos. 
               
               
                   
                 The coordinates are modified to be contained within a specific range, 
               
               
                   
                 which is dictated by the rotational reach of the servos. The modified 
               
               
                   
                 coordinates can then be sent by serial wireless transmission (transmitters 
               
               
                   
                 208) or equivalent. 
               
               
                   
                 The cameras (Optical Sensors 402) mounted on the UV will transmit video 
               
               
                   
                 to the OCS 103 and ultimately to the VARC 101 and VARC Visual 
               
               
                   
                 Systems 602. Composite video must be converted to digital format in order 
               
               
                   
                 to be able to process the video stream. This conversion can be done by an 
               
               
                   
                 external composite to USB device. The video stream is then subjected to 
               
               
                   
                 real time manipulation, which serves the purpose of distorting the images 
               
               
                   
                 into a format which can be viewed in the head mounted display. 
               
               
                   
                 Include multiple camera and video systems via Optical Sensors 402 and 
               
               
                   
                 stabilization systems (e.g., brushless gimbal or equal) as part of Onboard 
               
               
                   
                 Payload and Support Systems 409. A RDP and multiple RDCP may access 
               
               
                   
                 and view differing parts of the captured real-time video. Video may be 
               
               
                   
                 HD70p, HD 1080p, NTSC or better including composite of 3840-by-3840 
               
               
                   
                 pixel photographs. 
               
               
                 Create PARDE 
                 PARDE Template parameters set once PARDE selected. Parameters 
               
               
                 “Library” with 
                 specific to the VARC 101 for the particular party will be processed in the 
               
               
                 Spatial Data, Site 
                 VARC Onboard Processor #p 202. 
               
               
                 Settings and 
               
               
                 Preferences 215 and 
               
               
                 Augmented Content 
               
               
                 Data and Settings 
               
               
                 216 
               
               
                 Creation of PARDE 
                 Sensor 207 and GPS 206 data delivered to VARC 101 via OCS 103 for use 
               
               
                 Template 
                 in UVs 102. Augmented content and configuration from OCS 103. 
               
               
                 PARDE Type 
                 PARDEs can be categorized into “Types” of PARDEs such as educational, 
               
               
                 Setting 
                 recreational, health and wellness and other. Each PARDE type may have 
               
               
                   
                 its own VARC 101 centric settings and constraints. 
               
               
                 Unmanned Vehicle 
                 Each event will have UVs uniquely identified in the OCS 103. There will 
               
               
                 (UV) 102 Type 
                 be a unique code associated to each UV that represent type of UV land, air, 
               
               
                   
                 surface water, or submersible UV Type and specific to the individual UV. 
               
               
                   
                 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) 301 may be Multi-rotor Aerial Vehicles 
               
               
                   
                 305, Fixed Wing 306, or Aerial Animal Based Robotic Vehicles 307. 
               
               
                   
                 Unmanned Ground Based Vehicles 302 may be Track Mounted Ground 
               
               
                   
                 Vehicles 308, Wheel Based Ground Vehicles 309 (e.g., street race cars, off- 
               
               
                   
                 road trucks, buggy, trucks, or “monster” trucks), Multi-pod Vehicles 310 or 
               
               
                   
                 Humanoid Robotic Vehicles 311. Unmanned Surface Water Vehicles 303 
               
               
                   
                 can include Fixed Hull or Inflatable Hull Surface Water Vehicles 312. 
               
               
                   
                 Unmanned Underwater Vehicles 304 can include Fixed Shell Underwater 
               
               
                   
                 Vehicles 313 or Underwater Animal Based Robotic Vehicles 314. 
               
               
                   
                 Control systems are configurable to the assigned UV 102 Type set by OCS 
               
               
                   
                 103 and CP 104. Configuration may be manual or automatic based on 
               
               
                   
                 VARC to UV Pairing. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 to RDP 
                 Can be pre-set or configured real-time. Sets the rules and protocols for 
               
               
                 and/or RDCP 106 
                 how the UV 102 responds to RDP and/or RDCP controls according to 
               
               
                 Profile Pairing 
                 configuration settings. 
               
               
                   
                 Auto configuration of all configurable parameters set and defined with the 
               
               
                   
                 assigned RDP 106. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 to UV 
                 Can be pre-set or configured real-time. Sets the rules and protocols for 
               
               
                 102 Pairing 
                 how the UV 102 responds to VARC 101 controls according to 
               
               
                   
                 configuration settings. 
               
               
                   
                 Paired to a UV 102 for control based on paired RDP 106 Profile. 
               
               
                 Multiple VARC 101 
                 Multiple VARCs 101 respond both for tactile and motion simulation but for 
               
               
                 to UV 102 Daisy 
                 field of view and augmented content delivery. Daisy chains according to 
               
               
                 Chain 
                 paired VARC 101 and associated control Type configured (autonomous or 
               
               
                   
                 semi-autonomous) 
               
               
                 UV 102 and VARC 
                 Control type and Motion Control Systems 605 based in part on mode of 
               
               
                 101 Control Type 
                 autonomous vehicle (i.e., air, ground, surface or underwater). VARC 101 
               
               
                 and Motion Control 
                 Control type and Motion Control Systems including yolks, steering wells, 
               
               
                 Systems 605 
                 buttons, pedals, throttles, brakes. Responds according to configured 
               
               
                   
                 pairing of VARC and associated Control Type. Systems can be configured 
               
               
                   
                 directly or through use of the OCS 103. May include commercially 
               
               
                   
                 available manufactured parts such as electronic speed control (ESC) 
               
               
                   
                 motors. 
               
               
                   
                 VARC Control System configuration can be set based on Control Type as 
               
               
                   
                 follows: Passenger - video, tactile, and motion experience with optional 
               
               
                   
                 full video control. Payload - control other type of Payloads such as 
               
               
                   
                 targeting for IR tag games. Pilot - full pilot control based on associated 
               
               
                   
                 Pilot Profile settings 
               
               
                 RDP and RDCP 106 
                 VARC 101 accepts configuration once RDP and RDCP 106 Profile pairing 
               
               
                 VARC 101 Control 
                 is complete. 
               
               
                 Layout 
               
               
                 Configurability 
               
               
                 RDP and RDCP 106 
                 Settings can be preset or changed in real time to align with the preferences 
               
               
                 Profile Settings 702 
                 of the RDP and RDCP 106 so far as they are approved by the CP 104 and 
               
               
                   
                 consistent with safety and communication protocols. RDP and RDCP 
               
               
                   
                 Settings 702 include: Language preferences 703, Skill Level 704, 
               
               
                   
                 Augmented Reality (AR) Content Preferences 705 and Additional Settings 
               
               
                   
                 706. The UV 102 paired with the RDP 106 will be respond based on RDP 
               
               
                   
                 and RDCP 106 Profile Settings 702. Control settings and configuration can 
               
               
                   
                 occur through the OCS 103. 
               
               
                   
                 1404 is a visual representation of the differing levels of control of UVs 
               
               
                   
                 available to RDPs based on individual skill level. This level may be 
               
               
                   
                 assessed before an RDP&#39;s first PARDE experience, then loaded or modified 
               
               
                   
                 as appropriate for future PARDEs. As shown in FIG. 14, the higher the 
               
               
                   
                 RDPs skill level the more vehicular control is granted. 
               
               
                   
                 Beginner level RDPs may only have interactive access to the field of view 
               
               
                   
                 presented to them, so a novices PARDE experience may be similar in some 
               
               
                   
                 ways to a rollercoaster which does not give any control to passengers. 
               
               
                   
                 Intermediate skill level RDPs may have access to 3D maneuvering within 
               
               
                   
                 the Universal Geofence, subject to maximum throttle/acceleration and 
               
               
                   
                 velocity restrictions. Expert level RDPs may have full control of the 
               
               
                   
                 vehicle. 
               
               
                   
                 All levels of skill are subject to both universal and personal Geofences, and 
               
               
                   
                 accompanying OCS safety overrides. Adjusts based on input parameter 
               
               
                   
                 changes. 
               
               
                 Pilot control 
                 Accepts configuration settings based on Pilot Profile paired and any 
               
               
                 sensitivity 
                 adjustments by CP 104. Responds based on VARC configuration changes. 
               
               
                 configurability 
               
               
                 VARC Six Degrees 
                 Sends motion characteristic sensor data to simulate UV 102 motion at 
               
               
                 of Motion Intensity 
                 VARC 101. 
               
               
                 configurability 
               
               
                 VARC tactile force 
                 Sends system orientation sensor data to simulate VARC and control system 
               
               
                 feedback intensity 
                 tactile feedback. 
               
               
                 configuration 
               
               
                 PARDE Universal 
                 If piloting towards or near Geofence then there is visual and/or audible 
               
               
                 Geofence 1501 and 
                 warnings. If the RDP does not correct the course, there will be a short 
               
               
                 Personal Geofence 
                 interruption in control while the UV 102 Onboard Processing Systems 
               
               
                 Areas 1502 
                 (OPS) 210 engage and re-directs itself. 
               
               
                 Fail Safe 
                 UV on-board GPS 206 optimally provides vehicle localization. In cases of 
               
               
                 Configuration of the 
                 GPS signal loss, the Onboard Processor 212 redundantly provides vehicle 
               
               
                 UV 102 for Loss of 
                 localization based on visual processing algorithms. In case of command 
               
               
                 UV Receiver, GPS 
                 signal loss the autopilot will return the vehicle to its origin point, if GPS 
               
               
                 or Both 
                 signal is also lost it will do the same based off the onboard processor visual 
               
               
                   
                 processing. 
               
               
                 PARDE 
                 For systems&#39; check to ensure all required configuration settings are input 
               
               
                 Configuration 
                 prior to operation in a PARDE event. Primarily an OCS 103 function with 
               
               
                 Validation 
                 VARC 101 compatibility and configuration checks. 
               
               
                 PARDE Duration 
                 Flight time information is displayed to RDP VARC Visual Systems 602 
               
               
                 Configuration 
                 display as event telemetry. 
               
               
                 PARDE&#39;s Over 
                 Interrupts and suspends VARC 101 control and the UV 102 returns to 
               
               
                   
                 “home-base” or preapproved safe landing or staging area. Can be 
               
               
                   
                 programed through OCS 103, Autopilot 211 or Onboard processor (OP) 
               
               
                   
                 212. 
               
               
                 Configuration of 
                 Augmented Audio Content can be programmed into the OCS 103 for 
               
               
                 Augmented Audio 
                 delivery to either the UV 102 (for example in bird “call-back” surveys) or 
               
               
                 content. 
                 to the VARC 101. Audio can be stored files or real-time from microphones 
               
               
                   
                 installed in the Onboard Payload and Support Systems 408. Audio can be 
               
               
                   
                 configured to play at specific GPS locals, at timed intervals or at the 
               
               
                   
                 retrieval preference of the RDP or RDCP 106. Augmented audio content is 
               
               
                   
                 delivered to the RDP or RDCP via the Audio Systems 603. 
               
               
                 Configuration of 
                 Augmented Visual Content can be programmed into the OCS 103 for 
               
               
                 Augmented Visual 
                 delivery to either the UV 102 or to the VARC 101. Visual content can be 
               
               
                 Content 
                 stored video, graphical or hologram files or animation overlaid real-time 
               
               
                   
                 video from cameras installed on the UV 102 Optical Sensors 402 or the 
               
               
                   
                 Onboard Payload and Support Systems 408. Visual content can be 
               
               
                   
                 configured to play at specific GPS locals, at timed intervals or at the 
               
               
                   
                 retrieval preference of the RDP or RDCP 106. 3D maps and rules will be 
               
               
                   
                 loaded into the system specific to each PARDE. Augmented visual content 
               
               
                   
                 is delivered to the RDP or RDCP via the Visual Systems 602. 
               
               
                 CP 104 Displays 
                 Includes Receiving 506 data from VARC Sensors 609 via the VP #p 202 
               
               
                 and Graphical 
                 and Transmitter 222 and generating onscreen display for the CP 531 
               
               
                 Generator 
                 Interface. 
               
               
                   
                 OCS 103 based system components provide superimposed augmented 
               
               
                   
                 content over UV 102 real-time, real-world FPV to RDP or RDCP 106. 
               
               
                   
                 Includes enhanced display system in the full embodiment that provides 
               
               
                   
                 fully immersive and life-like experience to the RDP. 
               
               
                 Delivery of 
                 Augmented Audio Content is heard by the RDP and RDCP 106 through the 
               
               
                 Augmented Audio 
                 Audio Systems 603 on the VARC 101 and by the CP 104 through the OCS 
               
               
                 content to RDP or 
                 103 CP Interface 531 Audio Speakers 529. 
               
               
                 RDCP 106 or to CP 
               
               
                 104 
               
               
                 Display of 
                 Augmented Visual Content is seen by the RDP and RDCP 106 through the 
               
               
                 Augmented Visual 
                 Visual Systems 602 on the VARC 101 and by the CP 104 through the OCS 
               
               
                 content to RDP or 
                 103 CP Interface 531 Monitor 528. 
               
               
                 RDCP 106 or to CP 
               
               
                 104 
               
               
                 RDP 106 Control 
                 Controls systems on UV 102 operated from VARC 101 Control Systems 
               
               
                 Systems 604 
                 604. Systems include Motion Control Systems 605, Environmental 
               
               
                   
                 Interface Systems 606, Payload Control Systems 607, Gaming Systems 608 
               
               
                   
                 and Sensors 609. UV 102 responds to RDP control inputs in real-time 
               
               
                   
                 through approved RDP Commands or Override Commands 209. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 Motion 
                 Sensors 207 and GPS 206 data for real-time position, orientation and 
               
               
                 Feedback 
                 motion changes will be directed through the OCS 103 to the VARC 101 
               
               
                   
                 Tactile and Motion Feedback 601 systems. Motion can be delivered in this 
               
               
                   
                 system to the VARC Motion Chairs 610 or 3D Motion Chair Pod 611 using 
               
               
                   
                 electro-mechanical or pneumatic systems, motors, gears and servos. The 
               
               
                   
                 degree of motion and its sensitivity to UV 102 movement is configurable. 
               
               
                   
                 Motion can be translational or rotational or a combination of the two. 
               
               
                   
                 Motion directional feedback to include yaw, pitch, roll, up, down, left, right 
               
               
                   
                 and/or forward. 
               
               
                   
                 Includes the mechanical, electrical, and software systems that receive the 
               
               
                   
                 pilot control input information and real-world-environment sensor data and 
               
               
                   
                 translate to motion of the cockpit to simulate the real-world UV motion. 
               
               
                   
                 Also includes the physical construction and associated design of the 
               
               
                   
                 cockpit frame which allows for full degrees of motion and acceleration in 
               
               
                   
                 any given direction. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 Tactile 
                 Sensors 207 and GPS 206 data for real-time position, orientation and 
               
               
                 Feedback 
                 motion changes will be directed through the OCS 103 to the VARC 101 
               
               
                   
                 Tactile and Motion Feedback 601 systems. Tactile feedback including 
               
               
                   
                 Olfactory Inputs 612, Moisture Inputs 613 or Heat and Air Inputs 614 can 
               
               
                   
                 be delivered in this system to the VAR using spray nozzles, heaters, air 
               
               
                   
                 conditioning units and “perfumes”. The amount of feedback and their 
               
               
                   
                 sensitivity to UV 102 movement and location is configurable. 
               
               
                 Decentralized 
                 UVs 102 can operate as expected regardless of VARC 101 locations. All 
               
               
                 Deployment of UVs 
                 movement is controlled and supervised using the OCS 103 and CP 104. 
               
               
                 102 and VARCs 
                 UVs 102 and VARCs 101 may be deployed at the same local 105. 
               
               
                 101 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0136]    Operational Control System (OCS)  103   
         [0137]    The Operational Control System  103  includes Control Pilot Interface  531  systems and components  509 - 520  that make up the computer system(s) associated to the OCS. The CP Interface  531  includes sub-components that allow the CP to interface with the computer system and control the RDE Operating System Software  901  for PARDE development and execution and PARDE launch time. The OCS includes local CPU(s)  510  for pre-PARDE development as well as during PARDE modifications of settings as and if needed. The OCS is connected to the internet  530  and additional local or regional CPU nodes  203  may be available for additional processing power as needed for execution of PARDE and delivery of augmented content to RDPs in their associated VARCs  101 . 
         [0138]    System components and descriptions associated with the OCS  103  include: OCS Control and Monitoring Systems  218 , Transmitters  219 , Receivers  220  and Local or Regional OCS-CPU Nodes #n  203 . Sub-components of the OCS Control and Monitoring Systems  218  include CP Interface  531 , Address and Data BUS  509 , Local OCS-CPU  510 , Disk Controllers  511 , Graphic Cards  512 , Sound Cards  513 , Network Cards  514 , I/O Ports  515 , Modems  516 , Mass Memory  517 , ROM  518 , RAM  519  and Clock  520 . 
         [0139]    CP Interface  531  can be for one CP  104  or a network of CPs as necessary. CP Interface  531  systems include: Keyboard  521 , Printer  522 , Mouse  523 , Pen/Tablet Display Input devices  524 , Memory Sticks  525 , Hard Drive  526 , DVD/CD drives  527 , Monitors  528 , Audio Speakers  529  and Internet  530 . 
         [0140]    The OCS draws from data PARDE Configuration Settings  214  and communicates either directly or through the CP  106  with regulatory, public relations, safety or information sources and entities through the External Communication Systems  217 . 
         [0141]    Either the Onboard Processing Systems  210  or OCS  103  may provide flight data, PARDE mission plan information, UV  102  condition, and system status to external and local services such as police, emergency crews, regulatory, public relations and local FAA. Communication of this information is facility through the External Communications  217  systems. The OCS  103  or CP  104  may allow programming or real-time entry of new instructions to modify the pre-defined operational PARDE mission plans sent from the OCS. 
         [0142]    A PARDE mission plan may include multiple waypoints or destinations during the PARDE mission plan. A UV  102  may experience difficulties, which makes necessary the ability for the UV  102  to receive real-time instructions given to facilitate an efficient and effective management of system conditions such as battery level and heat. Additionally, there may be a desire to modify the PARDE mission plan due to other factors such as environment conditions, CP or RDP preferences. To ensure compliance with operation PARDE mission plans, the OCS  103  may continuously monitor the UV&#39;s  102  current pose, speed, and acceleration. The OCS  103  to interface with more than one VARC at a time. 
         [0143]    OCS Embodiments 
         [0144]    The OCS will have embodiments in the areas of:
   1. Safety Communications and Systems—communication system(s) with required frequencies to connect to local and regional regulatory, public relations, and safety facilities. CP interface systems may include various types and forms of microphones and audio devices including table mounted, headsets, or other commercially available components.   2. Pilot Communications and Systems—communication system(s) with variability in frequencies and internet connectivity to connect and communicate with local, regional, national, or global RDPs and associated VARCs and the associated Control Pilot running the PARDE. RDP and CP interface systems may include various types and forms of microphones and audio devices including table mounted, headsets, or other commercially available components.   3. Monitoring Station and Systems—May include one or multiple local or regionally connected computer systems which may be portable, desktop, server, or micro-computer systems. The monitoring system may include one or more monitors to support visual monitoring for safety of pilots and UV activity. CPs may view one, multiple, or all active RDPs and UVs via the multi-monitor system and control of current view(s) for CP monitoring is managed through the RDE Operating System.   
 
         [0148]    Basic functionality of the OCS  103  is presented in Table 3. Functions are supported through the PARDE Operating System Software and executed by the CP via the OCS  103  systems as indicated below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Functionality of OCS 103 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Functional 
                   
               
               
                 Category 
                 OCS 103 Related Architecture Functionality and System Responses 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 External 
                 Supports bi-directional External Communication Systems 217 to provide 
               
               
                 Communications 217 
                 the ability to communicate with, and receive information from, FAA, 
               
               
                   
                 regulators, and local officials (e.g., police, fire &amp; rescue, etc.) based on 
               
               
                   
                 regulations and town/community requirements and for pre, during, and 
               
               
                   
                 post PARDE communication. 
               
               
                 RDP, RDCP 106 and 
                 Supported through the CP Interface 531 systems including the Monitor 
               
               
                 CP 104 
                 528, Audio Speakers 529, and Microphone 531. The Pilot 
               
               
                 Communications 
                 Communication system supports audible and optional visual 
               
               
                 to/from real 
                 communication systems to provide the ability to communicate with one 
               
               
                 environment of UV 
                 or more pilots operating in the PARDE and provides ability to switch on 
               
               
                 102 
                 one on one communication or to communicate with multiple or groups of 
               
               
                   
                 pilots at a time. Visual communication includes a picture in picture view 
               
               
                   
                 of the individual(s) the CP is communicating with. 
               
               
                 OCS 103 Monitoring 
                 Supported through CP Interface 531 system components and provides the 
               
               
                 of UV 102 and 
                 ability of OCS CP to monitor any and all UVs operating within the 
               
               
                 VARC 101 
                 PARDE. This includes the ability to toggle through 1) a bird&#39;s eye view 
               
               
                   
                 of the location of all UV within the PARDE geo-grid, 2) a direct FPV 
               
               
                   
                 from any one of the UV within the PARDE, and 3) picture in picture of 
               
               
                   
                 UV FPV and RDP Monitor. 
               
               
                 RDP/RDCP 106 
                 Supported through CP Interface 531 system components and provides the 
               
               
                 Monitoring 
                 ability of the OCS CP to visually monitor all pilots operating within their 
               
               
                   
                 VARCs at any time. 
               
               
                 OCS 103 Override 
                 Ability of OCS CP 104 to take control of one, multiple, or all UVs, of 
               
               
                 Control of UV 102 
                 any type, in the PARDE and to program those UVs to complete specific 
               
               
                   
                 tasks. Override control may be Direct or Semi-Direct control. Examples 
               
               
                   
                 include overall control of one or more UV to 1) manually control each or 
               
               
                   
                 all UV, or 2) configure to travel to specific way points within the 
               
               
                   
                 PARDE geo-fenced area. The UV control by the CP is managed through 
               
               
                   
                 a VARC embodiment. Switching of which one, multiple, or all UVs are 
               
               
                   
                 being controlled is managed through CP Interface systems 531. 
               
               
                 CP 104 Override 
                 CP Interface 531 systems allows OCS to take full override control over 
               
               
                 Control of UV 102 
                 one or more UVs 
               
               
                 CP 104 Semi-direct 
                 CP Interface 531 systems allows OCS to take dual override control for 
               
               
                 Override control of 
                 minimal pilot adjustment 
               
               
                 UV 102 
               
               
                 Fail-Safe Shut Down 
                 CP Interface 531 system allows ability of OCS CP to take control of one 
               
               
                 of UV 102 
                 or more UV(s) and shut down RDP control and VARC activity and 
               
               
                   
                 return the UV(s) to pre-defined home base within the PARDE area. 
               
               
                 SWARM, Flock or 
                 CP Interface 531 system allows ability of OCS CP 104 to turn SWARM 
               
               
                 Autonomous 
                 setting on and off for 2 or more UVs operating in the pilot. Allows 
               
               
                 Clustering Setting 
                 override control of 2 or more UVs. 
               
               
                 from OCS 103 to 
               
               
                 UVs 102 
               
               
                 Software &amp; 
                 Integrated with VARC 101 and UV 102 and enables interoperability for 
               
               
                 Operating System for 
                 all defined features and functions. 
               
               
                 VARC 101, UV 102, 
               
               
                 and OCS 103 
               
               
                 Communication and 
               
               
                 Integration 
               
               
                 Web Portal 701 for 
                 Auto configuration of pilot settings based on pilot profile. RDPs 106 
               
               
                 RDP and RDCP 106 
                 configure pilot profile settings through the on-line web portal. This 
               
               
                 Access and Profile 
                 configure is stored for all future reference during PARDE mission plan 
               
               
                 Configuration 
                 execution. 
               
               
                 UV 102 
                 Each UV 102 is registered based on a unique UV ID. OCS 
               
               
                 Identification 
                 configurations are assigned to a UV via this ID. 
               
               
                 UV 102 Onboard 
                 Onboard Payload and Support Systems (OPSS) include Environmental 
               
               
                 Payload and Support 
                 Interface Systems 411 and Gaming systems 412. 
               
               
                 Systems (OPSS) 408 
                 Environmental Interface Systems can include speakers, lights, robotic 
               
               
                   
                 sensors, chemical sensors, manipulators, etc. They will be PARDE 
               
               
                   
                 specific and closely integrated with the PARDE augmented content 
               
               
                   
                 delivery. 
               
               
                 UV 102 Lighting 
                 Provides illumination of environment as needed. Gives visual indication 
               
               
                 Systems 
                 of status of other UV operating within the PARDE. Lighting Systems 
               
               
                   
                 status to be controlled by environmental interface systems 606. 
               
               
                 UV Sensors 207 and 
                 Receives and responds to telemetry data information through on-screen 
               
               
                 Wireless 
                 display and VARC motion and force-feedback responses. 
               
               
                 Communications 107 
               
               
                 UV 102 First Person 
                 UV 102 video components provide video feed to OCS monitoring 
               
               
                 View (FPV) video 
                 systems associated to CP interface 531 components. 
               
               
                 systems (Drone&#39;s 
               
               
                 Eye View) 
               
               
                 Create PARDE 
                 As PARDEs are designed and created, they can be saved for future use 
               
               
                 “Library” with 
                 and fast setup of PARDEs. PARDEs are configured via OCS CP 
               
               
                 Spatial Data, Site 
                 interface 531 systems and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. 
               
               
                 Settings and 
               
               
                 Preferences 215 and 
               
               
                 Augmented Content 
               
               
                 Data and Settings 
               
               
                 216 
               
               
                 Creation of PARDE 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP Interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 Templates 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. Design/development of 
               
               
                   
                 PARDE Templates such as Gaming PARDE and Extreme Sport PARDE 
               
               
                   
                 telemetry templates. Ability to display all PARDE RDP participants, 
               
               
                   
                 associated individual and team scores, distance from other RDPs during 
               
               
                   
                 race or game events. For racing type events ability to display pole 
               
               
                   
                 position of participants and distance from one another 
               
               
                 Unmanned Vehicle 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 (UV) 102 Type 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. Ability to set PARDE Type 
               
               
                   
                 templates, which allow for global PARDE settings to a specific TYPE of 
               
               
                   
                 PARDE. This allows for PARDE types to be created by market 
               
               
                   
                 segments for Touring, Educational, Gaming, Extreme Sports, and 
               
               
                   
                 Wellness PARDEs. Once a template is applied then all other PARDE 
               
               
                   
                 configuration parameters may be set. 
               
               
                 Unmanned Vehicle 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP Interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 (UV) 102 Type 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. Either a configuration 
               
               
                   
                 setting for each UV configured within the PARDE, or is automatically 
               
               
                   
                 set through UV type recognition during VARC to UV Pairing. 
               
               
                 #M of UV in a 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP Interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 PARDE 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. Ability to configure number 
               
               
                   
                 of UVs to be controlled within the PARDE 
               
               
                 UV 102 to PARDE 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP Interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 Association 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. Ability to associate unique 
               
               
                   
                 UV to be controlled within the PARDE. This includes definition of the 
               
               
                   
                 UV Type or auto-recognition of UV Type capability. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 to RDP 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP Interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 and/or RDCP 106 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. The ability to associate 
               
               
                 Profile Pairing 
                 pilot profile and associated system settings to unique VARC 101. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 to UV 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP Interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 102 Pairing 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. The pairing of VARCs to a 
               
               
                   
                 UV to enable RDP control of their assigned UV from piloting VARC. 
               
               
                   
                 The UV association sets control systems appropriately based on UV 
               
               
                   
                 Type. 
               
               
                 Multiple VARC 101 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP Interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 to UV 102 Daisy 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. The ability to associate 
               
               
                 Chain 
                 multiple VARCs to a single UV for multi-person UV piloting and 
               
               
                   
                 participation. 
               
               
                 RDP and RDCP 106 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP Interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 Control Type 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. Ability to define the 
               
               
                   
                 VARC control system configuration to either pilot, payload, or passenger 
               
               
                   
                 controls and event participation. 
               
               
                 RDP and RDCP 106 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP Interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 VARC 101 Control 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. This is a pilot profile 
               
               
                 Layout 
                 preference setting. Ability to configure control function layout (e.g., 
               
               
                 Configurability 
                 positioning of controls for pitch, yaw, throttle, roll, etc.) within each 
               
               
                   
                 VARC for each RDP and uniquely by UV type. 
               
               
                 RDP and RDCP 106 
                 Supported via the RDE Operating System via the CP interface 531 
               
               
                 Profile Settings 702 
                 systems, the OCS allows the CP to override certain pre-set settings (e.g., 
               
               
                   
                 sensitivity, tactile response, motion). 
               
               
                 Pilot control 
                 Configurability on pilot control sensitivity level. This is a pilot profile 
               
               
                 sensitivity 
                 preference setting supported in the RDE Operating System and can be 
               
               
                 configurability 
                 changed by the CP through the CP Interface 531 systems. This allows 
               
               
                   
                 setting based on experience and level of comfort piloting the selected 
               
               
                   
                 UV. 
               
               
                 VARC Six Degrees 
                 This is a pilot profile preference setting in the RDE Operating System 
               
               
                 of Motion Intensity 
                 and can be modified by the CP via the CP Interface 531 systems and 
               
               
                 configurability 
                 allows adjustment of the six degrees of motion intensity level of the 
               
               
                   
                 VARC during PARDE events. For safety purposes, a maximum setting 
               
               
                   
                 is mandatorily set in the pilot&#39;s profile. 
               
               
                 VARC tactile force 
                 This is a pilot profile preference setting in the RDE Operating System 
               
               
                 feedback intensity 
                 and can be modified by the CP via the CP Interface 531 systems and 
               
               
                 configuration 
                 allows adjustment of the tactile force feedback intensity level of the 
               
               
                   
                 VARC during PARDE events. For safety purposes, a maximum setting 
               
               
                   
                 is mandatorily set in the pilot&#39;s profile. 
               
               
                 PARDE Universal 
                 Supported by the RDE Operating System and configured via CP 
               
               
                 Geofence 1501 and 
                 Interface 531 systems and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. 
               
               
                 Personal Geofence 
                 Ability to set geo coordinates to create an overall geo-fence that contains 
               
               
                 Areas 1502 
                 all UV configured in the PARDE to operate within the defined geofenced 
               
               
                   
                 area. 
               
               
                 Fail Safe 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP Interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 Configuration of the 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. Ability to define the fail- 
               
               
                 UV 102 for Loss of 
                 safe return home geo-coordinate within the defined geo-fenced space. 
               
               
                 UV Receiver, GPS or 
                 This is the ‘Home Base’ position for all UVs if the fail safe function is 
               
               
                 Both 
                 enabled by the OCS or enabled based on failure in remote control 
               
               
                   
                 systems. 
               
               
                 PARDE 
                 System verification that all appropriate PARDE configuration has been 
               
               
                 Configuration 
                 completed prior to PARDE initiations. Examples include: 1) Total 
               
               
                 Validation 
                 number of UV have been defined, 2) all UV to VARC pairing have been 
               
               
                   
                 completed, 3) VARC control types have been defined (i.e., pilot, 
               
               
                   
                 payload, or passenger), 4) VARC control configuration, 5) VARC 
               
               
                   
                 control sensitivity configuration, etc.) 
               
               
                 PARDE Duration 
                 Configured through RDE Operating System via CP Interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 Configuration 
                 and stored in PARDE Data and Settings 214. The ability of the OCS CP 
               
               
                   
                 to configure PARDE duration. Flight time information is displayed to 
               
               
                   
                 CP monitors. 
               
               
                 “PARDE&#39;s Over” or 
                 When PARDE duration time ends the VARC control ends and all UVs 
               
               
                 Safe Return Home 
                 return to configured home base location. 
               
               
                 Configuration of 
                 Configured through RDE operating system via CP interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 Augmented Audio 
                 and stored in PARDE data and settings 214. The ability to program audio 
               
               
                 content. 
                 content to geo-coordinates within the defined space for real-time on- 
               
               
                   
                 screen view and access as pilots operate their UV within the PARDE. 
               
               
                   
                 System ensures geo-coordinates are within the pre-defined geo-grid 
               
               
                   
                 (which must be programmed first). Content may include such things as 
               
               
                   
                 landmark descriptions, pilot path description, obstacle warnings, ‘no 
               
               
                   
                 man&#39;s land’ warnings for geo-fence boundaries, and advertisements. 
               
               
                 Configuration of 
                 Configured through RDE operating system via CP interface 531 systems 
               
               
                 Augmented 
                 and stored in PARDE data and settings 214. The ability to program 
               
               
                 Visual/Graphical 
                 visual/graphical content to geo-coordinates within the defined space for 
               
               
                 Content 
                 real-time on-screen display of those images as pilots operate their UV 
               
               
                   
                 within the PARDE. System ensures geo-coordinates are within the pre- 
               
               
                   
                 defined geo-grid (which must be programmed first). Content may 
               
               
                   
                 include visual indicators (e.g., arrows, stars, lines, opaque highlights 
               
               
                   
                 across land marks or areas of interest) to highlight particular locations of 
               
               
                   
                 interest (e.g., land-marks, restricted areas, protected ecological areas) and 
               
               
                   
                 may include additional pop-up text (for hearing impaired, 
               
               
                   
                 Educational/STEM based PARDEs), and virtual obstacle course 
               
               
                   
                 structures, etc. 
               
               
                 Delivery of 
                 The mechanical, electrical, and software systems that make up the 
               
               
                 Augmented Audio 
                 graphical and audio generator and configured information superimposes 
               
               
                 content to RDP or 
                 it over the UV real-time real-world FPV for CP monitor view and RDP 
               
               
                 RDCP 106 or to CP 
                 view, and interaction. Depending on the type of information it will either 
               
               
                 104 
                 be superimposed in the real-world view at pre-defined coordinates or at 
               
               
                   
                 appropriate corresponding GPS coordinates within the real-world view. 
               
               
                   
                 UV PARDE based telemetry such as altitude, system status, g-force, 
               
               
                   
                 orientation, PARDE duration, PARDE time remaining, gaming and 
               
               
                   
                 extreme sport statistics, and system status may be displayed at pre- 
               
               
                   
                 defined and constant position within the real-world display. 
               
               
                   
                 Information specific to a defined real-world location (such as landmark 
               
               
                   
                 information or topology information) will be presented at the GPS 
               
               
                   
                 coordinates of that real-world location. 
               
               
                   
                 Telemetry associated to other UVs operating within the current PARDE 
               
               
                   
                 will be displayed in association with that UV as it visible in the real- 
               
               
                   
                 world view. 
               
               
                 Delivery of 
                 Audio content is displayed through OCS monitor screens as visual icon 
               
               
                 Augmented Audio 
                 representation that content exists. Display and audible play is associated 
               
               
                 content to RDP or 
                 to the current position of the associated UV being monitored and 
               
               
                 RDCP 106 or to CP 
                 controlled by the RDPs within each VARC. As a UV is within a 
               
               
                 104 
                 configurable distance to the audible geo-coordinates, the content can 
               
               
                   
                 automatically play or the RDP can manual select and play the content 
               
               
                   
                 (configurable). The OCS CP can watch and listen in as they cycle 
               
               
                   
                 through monitoring of each VARC/UV pair or they can turn-off the 
               
               
                   
                 sound. 
               
               
                 Display of 
                 Visual/graphical content is displayed through OCS monitor screens as 
               
               
                 Augmented Visual 
                 pre-configured 3D virtual generated image or figure. Display is 
               
               
                 content to RDP or 
                 associated to the current position of the associated UV being monitored 
               
               
                 RDCP 106 or to CP 
                 and controlled by the RDPs within each VARC. As a UV is within 
               
               
                 104 
                 visual range of the configured geo-coordinates the content will begin to 
               
               
                   
                 come into view. 
               
               
                 RDP 106 Control 
                 Controls systems on UV 102 operated from VARC 101 control systems 
               
               
                 Systems 604 
                 604. Systems include Motion Control Systems 605, Environmental 
               
               
                   
                 Interface Systems 606, Payload Control Systems 607, Gaming Systems 
               
               
                   
                 608 and Sensors 609. UV 102 responds to RDP control inputs in real- 
               
               
                   
                 time through approved RDP Commands or Override Commands 209. 
               
               
                 VARC 101 Motion 
                 CP can experience from VARC that supports motion capability. 
               
               
                 Feedback 
               
               
                 VARC 101 Tactile 
                 CP can experience from VARC that supports Tactile Force Feedback 
               
               
                 Feedback 
                 capability. 
               
               
                 Decentralized 
                 CP can manage OCS and launch UV from any location where network 
               
               
                 Deployment of UVs 
                 connection can be established. 
               
               
                 102 and VARCs 101 
                 Servers may be located at PARDE launch location or anywhere 
               
               
                   
                 geographically as long as standard connectivity is maintained between 
               
               
                   
                 server(s) and active PARDE participants (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP, WLAN 
               
               
                   
                 802.11a, b, g, n) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0149]    PARDE Operating System Software 
         [0150]    A Hierarchic Object-Oriented Design (HOOD) diagram of the OCS  103  PARDE Operating System Software  901  is in  FIG. 9 . The system is integrated across OCS  103 , VARC  101 , and UV  102 . HOOD diagrams ( FIGS. 9 through 13 ) present example hierarchical decompositions of the design into software units based on identification of objects, classes and operations reflecting problem domain entities and objects related to digital programming entities. The diagrams comprise textual and associated diagrammatic representations allowing formal refinement, automated checking, user customizable documentation generation and target language source code generation. 
         [0151]    An Internet Web Portal for user access and pilot profile configuration may be used. The portal is a secure user portal (web and mobile) to support initial setup and configuration by administrative staff and access for profile updates by the users. For RDP and RDCP  106  profiles, the following information may be used: Pilot ID, Demographics (name, address, credit, etc.), Pilot Call Sign, Pilot Secure Logon Information, and Pilot event based content (audio/visual). 
         [0152]    Restricted access to the website will include systems management data, information and controls including: Certification Level, Pilot &amp; Control Profile Settings, Autonomy Control Settings (Over Ride Control) (Direct, Semi Direct, and/or Supervised), Direct Control Settings (Control Sensitivity settings) (Beginner, Intermediate, or Expert). 
         [0153]    Universal and Personal Geofencing computational aspects will be executed in the OCS  103 . A flight or PARDE mission planning software such as QGroundcontrol (or similar) will be loaded and run on the OCS  103 . 
         [0154]    In general, the PARDE mission planning software receiver end runs on the receiver version on the Autopilot  211 . The OCS-Control and Monitoring Systems  218  will subscribe to GPS  206  on UVs  102 . GPS will publish data to the OCS. The Autopilot  211  will subscribe to the data that the OCS-Control and Monitoring System  218  processes. 
         [0155]    Exemplary Augmented Visual, Audio, Motion and Tactile Content Development and Delivery: 
         [0156]    Current AR (augmented reality) technology only uses QR codes and handheld devices to overlay AR content to a real environment (Layar, Apple iPhone application, 2015). Embodiments disclosed herein include delivery of AR content to users who are simultaneously driving, flying or “riding” as RDCP in UVs in a predetermined 3D Environment. 
         [0157]      FIG. 8  presents an example of PARDE data and settings  214  architecture. Hierarchic Object-Oriented Design (HOOD) diagrams of the visual and audio data and settings are shown in  FIGS. 10 and 11 , respectively. A Hierarchic Object-Oriented Design diagram of the motion and tactile content data and settings is shown in  FIG. 12 .  FIG. 8  presents data and settings that may require collecting new data, connecting to existing databases or downloading third party software and data for use in the PARDE whereas  FIGS. 10 through 12  show primarily the software object hierarchy, some hardware systems interaction and a general, processes representation on the how software and hardware may interact. 
         [0158]    At least two sets of information, setting and services may be used in the PARDE system. They are: Spatial Data, Site Settings and Preferences  215  and Augmented Content Data and Settings  216 . All of the information from these are directed to and processed at the OCS  103 —specifically the OCS-CPU Node #n  203  and OCS—Control and Monitoring Systems  218 . Spatial Data  801  includes Restricted Area and Static 3D Virtual Boundary Input Data  803  and Benchmarks and Significant Locating Features  804 . Topographic Mapping  805  can be performed by high resolution surveying in the PARDE area or through 3 rd  party satellite imagery and existing databases. Similarly, Vegetative Mapping  806  can be performed by on-site surveys and/or existing databases. Flora including trees, underbrush, groundcover mapping will be needed for PARDE mission planning and control and for augmented content delivery purposes. Structure and Obstacle Mapping  806  could include buildings, poles, overhead utility lines, breakwaters, moorings, pits, signs, etc. This information will be used for PARDE mission planning and control as may be used to enhance or help deliver augmented content. Changes in topography, vegetation, structures and obstacles can occur over time dating back through recent history or projecting and predicting over time. The system will be developed to include and record these changes for mission control, safety, research and educational purposes. This information will be used to develop a 3D point cloud map and to geo-locate mission control points and augmented reality enhancements delivery. 
         [0159]    Specific to UV  102  location components, Benchmarks and Significant Locating Features  804  include GPS Coordinates, Quick Response, Bluetooth Beacons, and Site Monuments  808  that have a unique visual signature and a known or determined 3D location in space (i.e., latitude, longitude and elevation). These can range in size from the 4 cm 2  to the size of a building or significant landscape horizon. The system will include options to have Approved Launch and Landing Areas  809  identified and used during PARDEs in the event of an emergency or CP  104  approved command. Launch and landing areas will depend on site specific logistics and structural and landing systems  409  of the UV  102 . 
         [0160]    Site settings and preferences  802  include Event Category Identification (ID) and Information  810 , Site Contact Data and Protocols  811 , External Traffic Feed Information  812 , Regulatory Requirements  813 , Position, Time and Space Restrictions  814 , Site Specific Weather Information Feed  815 . Adding to the safety and logistics of a PARDE, each of these settings and preferences will be configurable. Event Category ID and Information  810  may include settings for research protocols, educational system content requirements, health and wellness protocols or other market or user group categorization. Site Contact Data and Protocols  811  are easily retrievable and communications protocols for site owners and operators. External Traffic Feed Information  812  may include air traffic, boating and navigational traffic feeds to help PARDE mission planning and ensure obstacle avoidance. Regulatory Requirements  813  will include requirements that may impact a PARDE. For example, allowable flight altitude or local zoning, privacy and noise ordinances might impact planned PARDE execution. Site Specific Position, Time and Space Restrictions  814  not otherwise accounted for and specific to the PARDE location will be used in PARDE mission planning and execution. Examples might be no UV  102  flight next to a school during student drop off and pick up times or restrictions on habitat and natural resources. A Site Specific Weather Information feed will be available for PARDE mission planning and execution and to monitor conditions in and around the PARDE area. 
         [0161]    Augmented Reality (AR) content includes 2d and 3d graphics, video, audio, and text files, tactile, motion, olfactory and sensory protocols loaded onto OCS-CPU Node #n  203 . AR content can be delivered at specific planer markers or GPS  206  waypoints. Content will be associated to planer markers or GPS waypoints and presented visually through the VARC  101  to the user when associated marker or waypoint is within the user&#39;s field of view. AR will be superimposed in the real-world view at pre-defined coordinates, at appropriate corresponding GPS coordinates, at QR codes or at known vector locations within the real-world view. AR content may be directly visible to the RDP or RDCP  106  or CP  104  or accessible to the users through a visual interactive interface. Content can be adjusted in size and proportion in order to look near or far based on distance of UV to marker or waypoint and based on configured size of augmented content within the real world. Visual interactive interfaces may also adjust size and proportion based on distance and RDPs will interact through voice, mechanical, motion, or other means. 
         [0162]    Augmented content data and settings  216  include, but are not limited to, the following: Content Category Identification (ID) and Information  816 , Tactile Profile  817  data, Olfactory and Sensory Profile  818  data, Animation Databases  819 , Multimedia Partner Feeds  820 , Site Specific Augmented Reality Content  821 , Storyboards  822  and Production Elements  823 . 
         [0163]    Content Category ID and Information  816  is used to categorize and easily retrieve PARDE AR content from one PARDE to another. Tactile Profile  817  data includes the protocols for delivering a motion feedback pattern to the VARC  101  and RDP and/or RDCP  106 . For example, a UGV  302  might feel differently to a user if it were moving over sand and rocks as opposed to asphalt. That tactile difference will be programmed to the VARC  101  through the OCS  103  using these settings. Similarly, Olfactory and Sensory Profile  818  data will include initiating different particular scents perhaps when the UV is passing through a flower patch or pine forest. A USV  303  might participate in a PARDE that travels near a waterfall at which time these settings would initiate a water mist to the user for example. Animation Databases  819  include all the necessary software development to provide animation layered over the FPV of the RDP/RDCP  106  or CP  104 . Animation will included polygon structures and skins programmed to move, react, and interact with the real environment via the VARC  101  and OCS  103 . Augmented reality visual content and animation can be achieved through proprietary software or open source object recognition library software such as Aruco, for OpenCV. Predetermined GPS coordinates, QR visual aids within a PARDE will be used as anchor points to tie the visual AR content to real environment locations. 
         [0164]    Data from optical sensors  402  will be sent to the OCS-CPU Node #n  203  where object recognition software will be run. Distinct and unique non-planar markers will be used for positioning reference, though may be possible to use GPS waypoints as substitutes depending on type of content and needed location accuracy needed. Augmented content can be pushed to or retrieved by the user. The goal is to render AR content to the user at between 27 to 30 frames per second (fps). Augmented content preferences can be configured. 
         [0165]    Multimedia partner feeds  820  from 3 rd  party producers such as book, radio and television or internet based publishers (e.g., National Geographic, or The History Channel), will provide content for delivery to the VARCs  102  and users. Site Specific AR Content  821  could be 2D or 3D graphics, video, text or audio content the PARDE location and event needs. 
         [0166]    Multi-model, multiuser PARDEs may be choreographed and planned from beginning to end. As such, storyboards  822  and associated production elements  823  (lighting, music, and staging) will be developed and used for re-occurring PARDE themes and topics. 
         [0167]    Augmented visual content development and delivery  1001  shown in  FIG. 10  have pre-programmed display  1002  features, real time display  1003  features prompted, or initiated by triggers  1004  (e.g., specific GPS coordinate), and site specific display requirements  1005 . There are common elements between the pre-programmed display  1002  and real time display  1003  to the VARC  101  through the OCS. They include but are not limited to:
       Video,   Animation,   Graphics,   Holograms,   GPS Coordinates,   Speed,   Altitude,   Gaming Scores or Data,   Environmental Interface Data,   Wellness Program Plans of Care and Performance,   Floating Icons, and   Movable Maps.       
 
         [0180]    Site Specific Display Requirements  1005  might be age restricted material, skins and other animated settings, advertising and business-related requirements. Information specific to a defined real-world location (such as landmark information or topology information) will be presented at the GPS coordinates of that real-world location. Telemetry associated to other UVs  102  operating within the current PARDE will be displayed in association with that UVs location as it is visible in the real-world view. 
         [0181]    Augmented Audio Content Development and Delivery  1101  shown in  FIG. 11  have Pre-programmed Audio  1102  features, Real Time Audio  1103  features prompted and Site Specific Audio Requirements  1104 . There are common elements between the Pre-programmed Audio  1102  and Real Time Audio  1103  to the VARC  101  through the OCS. They include but are not limited to:
       Audio Files,   GPS Coordinates,   3 rd  Party Content and Services       
 
         [0185]    Site specific audio requirements  1104  might be age restricted material, local audio files, or advertising and business-related requirements. Information specific to a defined real-world location (such as landmark information or topology information) will be presented at the GPS coordinates of that real-world location. Telemetry associated to other UVs  102  operating within the current PARDE will be transmitted in association with that UVs as it is located the real-world view. 
         [0186]    Augmented tactile and motion content development and delivery  1201  shown in  FIG. 12  have pre-programmed motion and tactile features  1202 , real time motion and tactile response  1203  and site specific motion and tactile requirements  1204 . There are common elements between the pre-programmed motion and tactile features  1202  and real time motion and tactile response  1203  to the VARC  101  through the OCS. They include but are not limited to:
       Motion Signatures and Profiles,   Olfactory Profiles,   Moisture Profiles,   Heat and Air Profiles, and   GPS Coordinates.       
 
         [0192]    Real-Time Motion and Tactile Response  1203  also includes protocols for setting responses to the UV&#39;s  102  proximity to the Universal Geofence or its proximity to other UVs. Site Specific Motion and Tactile Requirements  1204  might be age restricted motion, motion signatures profile settings, and advertising and business-related requirements. Motion and tactile feedback specific to a defined real-world location (e.g., cold, moist tunnel) will be presented at the GPS coordinates of that real-world location. Telemetry associated to other UVs  102  operating within the current PARDE will be processed and may impact the VARC  101  motion and/or tactile feedback if another UV enters the Personal Geofence boundary as discussed later. 
         [0193]    Exemplary Augmented Environmental Interface and Gaming Content Development and Delivery: 
         [0194]    A Hierarchic Object-Oriented Design diagram of the Environmental Interface, Payload Control and Gaming Systems is shown in  FIG. 13 . Augmented Environmental Interface and Gaming Content Development and Delivery  1301  have Pre-programmed Payload Requirements  1302 , Real Time Payload  1303  requirements and Site Specific Payload Requirements  1304 . There are common elements between the Pre-programmed Payload Requirements  1302  and Real Time Payload  1303  requirements to the VARC  101  through the OCS. They include but are not limited to Chemical, Physical and Electrical Manipulation Profiles, and GPS Coordinates. 
         [0195]    Real-Time Payload  1303  features also includes protocols for setting responses to the UV&#39;s  102  proximity to the Universal Geofence or its proximity to other UVs. Site Specific Payload Requirements  1304  might be vibration restrictions, weather conditions, chemical, physical and electrical manipulation profile settings, and advertising and business-related requirements. Payload response specific to a defined real-world location (e.g., environmental parameter measuring instrument such as a photoionization detector) will be presented at the GPS coordinates of that real-world location. Telemetry associated to other UVs  102  operating within the current PARDE will be processed and may impact the VARC  101  payload controls feedback. 
       PARDE Run Procedures 
       [0196]      FIG. 14  shows a generalized Personalized Augmented Reality Drone Event (PARDE) run flowchart.  1404  shows a conceptual representation of the variable control a RDP  106  may be allowed to have by the OCS  103  and CP  104  based upon the pilot&#39;s past performance and results of User Skill Level Protocol Assessment  1403 . The assessment can occur at any time before the PARDE is started. In-PARDE modifications can be made to the level of control a pilot is given by the CP  104 . An Expert in  1404  may be give full attitude control while a less experience RDP, or beginner will only be give a perceived 1-st order control. This would be analogous to riding a roller coaster on rails and have the speed controlled by either the OCS  103  or CP  104 . 
         [0197]    The Safety and Content Override Command  1412  are flight control related and AR elements of the Approved Remote Drone Pilot (RDP) Command or Override Command  209 . Controls and AR content are continually reviewed, assessed, processed and transmitted by the OCS  103  and/or CP  104 . As the level of sophistication and programmable protocols are automated in the OCS  103 , less direct control and/or supervision by the CP  104  will be needed. 
       PARDE Universal Geofence 
       [0198]      FIG. 15  shows an example PARDE Universal and Personal Geofencing in accordance with the invention. The PARDE Universal Geofence Layout  1501  is developed by defined boundary locations of a 3D space. The PARDE Personal Geofence  1502  is defined as a sphere of radius “x” whereby autonomous behavior of the UVs  102  are initiated to avoid collisions for example. The universal boundaries are defined using Universal Geofence Settings  1503  in Cartesian coordinates (Latitude, Longitude and Elevation). The accuracy of the grid is less than 1 foot depending on the GPS  206  and PARDE Spatial Data  801  and point cloud resolution. The location of Universal Geofence Settings  1503  will be such that a 3D space with contiguous sides can be rendered providing the UVs with an “allowable” space to execute the desired PARDE mission plan. The allowable space will be the 3D Universal Geofence Setting boundaries minus some distance, or buffer zone.  FIG. 16  shows a typical Universal Geofence logic flowchart. Autonomous corrective behavior of the UV  102  will be initiated to prevent passing through the geofence boundaries. 
         [0199]    UV  102  on-board GPS  206  optimally provides UV  102  localization; in cases of GPS  206  signal loss the onboard processor  212  redundantly provides vehicle localization based on visual processing algorithms. Field located visual Quick Response (QR) codes or equivalent  1504  will be placed in areas of the PARDE visible by the UVs  102 . Equivalent visible markers will include some Benchmarks and Significant Locating Features  804 . This system of QR Codes, markers and benchmarks is used to create an Outdoor Distributed Image Network (ODIN). The ODIN defines network of images which allows high accuracy localization which is important for motion control and stable transmission and delivery of AR. 
         [0200]    UV  102  on-board GPS  206  optimally provides vehicle localization; in cases of GPS signal loss the Onboard Processor  212  redundantly provides vehicle localization based on visual processing algorithms. In case of command signal loss the autopilot will return the vehicle to its origin point, if GPS signal is also lost it will do the same based off the onboard processor visual processing. 
         [0201]      FIGS. 17A ,  17 B and  17 C are visual representations of the safety protocols of this claim for various loss of signal scenarios. GPS  206 , sensors  207 , receiver  205  and the onboard processing systems (OPS)  210  function redundantly to allow for a high degree of certainty with respect to UV  102  location. Loss of Signal  1601  can occur from these systems. When the GPS  206  signal is lost, Sensor  207  visual cues can be used with processing by the OCS  103  for safe return to an approved “home base”, landing or staging area for example. 
         [0202]    If the loss of signal  1701  is to the receiver  205 , GPS  206  and visual cues  1702  together are processed in the OPS  210  to direct a safe return of the UV  102  for example. 
         [0203]    If the loss of signal is to both the receiver  205  and GPS  206  system, visual cues  1702  from the sensor  207  could be processed in the OPS  210  to direct a safe return of the UV  102  for example. 
       PARDE Personal Geofence 
       [0204]    The Personal Geofence is a defined 3D sphere around individual UVs which is not allowed to overlap with another UVs individual geofence. Any command by a RDP(s) to bring UVs close enough to violate this rule will result in the OCS  103  overriding their commands and separating the vehicles to an acceptable distance. UV 1  and UV#M in the figure show the closest proximity two UVs may be allowed before Override Command  209  prevents a collision. 
         [0205]    Example PARDE Components with Augmented Content, Universal and Personal Geofences 
         [0206]      FIGS. 18A and 18B  show examples of conceptual PARDEs for example gaming and eco-touring PARDEs. Both are showing events in to occur in real time in real environments (e.g., school football field, forest and ocean). Multi-model UVs include aerial, ground and underwater vehicles. Both Universal Geofences  1501  and Personal Geofences  1502  are shown. Elements of the ODIN Field Located QR Codes  1504  and Universal Geofence Settings  1503  are shown. Site Specific Augmented Content  821  represented by two AR animated castles is visible through the VARC  101 . An example 3D point cloud from Topographic Mapping  805  and Vegetative Mapping  806  are shown.