Abstract:
Provided is a semiconductor light emitting device. The semiconductor light emitting device includes: a light emitting structure; an electrode layer under the light emitting structure; a light transmitting layer under of the light emitting structure; a reflective electrode layer connected to the electrode layer; and a conductive supporting member under the reflective electrode layer and electrically connected to the reflective electrode layer, wherein the reflective electrode layer includes a first part in contact with an under surface of the electrode layer and a second part spaced apart from the electrode layer.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 12/275,072, filed Nov. 20, 2008, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2007-0119967 (filed on Nov. 23, 2007), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor light emitting device. 
         [0003]    Groups III-V nitride semiconductors have been variously applied to an optical device such as blue and green light emitting diodes (LED), a high speed switching device, such as a MOSFET (Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) and an HEMT (Hetero junction Field Effect Transistors), and a light source of a lighting device or a display device. 
         [0004]    The nitride semiconductor is mainly used for the LED (Light Emitting Diode) or an LD (laser diode), and studies have been continuously conducted to improve the manufacturing process or a light efficiency of the nitride semiconductor. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    Embodiments provide a semiconductor light emitting device comprising a structure capable of adjusting an orientation angle of light under a light emitting structure. 
         [0006]    Embodiments provide a semiconductor light emitting device comprising a reflective electrode layer capable of reflecting light under a light emitting structure toward an upper direction and a lateral direction. 
         [0007]    Embodiments provide a semiconductor light emitting device capable of improving a light orientation characteristic and an emission amount in a lateral direction. 
         [0008]    An embodiment provides a semiconductor light emitting device comprising: a light emitting structure including a first conductive semiconductor layer, a second conductive semiconductor layer under the first conductive semiconductor layer, and an active layer between the first conductive semiconductor layer and the second conductive semiconductor layer; an electrode layer under the light emitting structure; a light transmitting layer under a lower surface of the light emitting structure; a reflective electrode layer electrically connected to the electrode layer; and a conductive supporting member under the reflective electrode layer and electrically connected to the reflective electrode layer, wherein the reflective electrode layer includes a first part in contact with a lower surface of the electrode layer and a second part in contact with a lower surface of the light transmitting layer, wherein a portion of the light transmitting layer is physically contacted with an outer side of the electrode layer and is physically contacted with the lower surface of the light emitting structure, wherein the conductive supporting member has a thickness thicker than a thickness of the light transmitting layer. 
         [0009]    An embodiment provides a semiconductor light emitting device comprising: a light emitting structure including a first conductive semiconductor layer, a second conductive semiconductor layer under the first conductive semiconductor layer, and an active layer between the first conductive semiconductor layer and the second conductive semiconductor layer; an electrode layer under a first region of a lower surface of the light emitting structure; an electrode on a top surface of the light emitting structure; a light transmitting layer under a second region of the lower surface of the light emitting structure; a reflective electrode layer under the electrode layer; and a conductive supporting member under the reflective electrode layer and electrically connected to the reflective electrode layer, wherein the lower surface of the light emitting structure is formed in a flat surface, wherein the reflective electrode layer includes a first part in contact with a lower surface of the electrode layer and a second part in contact with the lower surface of the light transmitting layer, wherein a portion of the light transmitting layer is physically contacted with an outer side of the electrode layer and is physically contacted with the second region of the lower surface of the light emitting structure, wherein the conductive supporting member has a thickness thicker than a thickness of the light transmitting layer. 
         [0010]    An embodiment provides a method of fabricating a semiconductor light emitting device comprising: forming a light emitting structure on a substrate, the light emitting structure comprising a first conductive semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second conductive semiconductor layer: forming a light transmitting layer at outer side on the light emitting structure; forming a reflective electrode layer on the light transmitting layer, the reflective electrode layer being electrically connected to the inner side of the light emitting structure; forming a conductive supporting member on the reflective electrode layer; removing the substrate; and forming a first electrode on the first conductive semiconductor layer. 
         [0011]    The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0012]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor light emitting device according to a first embodiment. 
           [0013]      FIGS. 2 to 8  are views illustrating manufacturing processes of a semiconductor light emitting device according to a first embodiment. 
           [0014]      FIG. 9  is a view of a semiconductor light emitting device according to a second embodiment. 
           [0015]      FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor light emitting device according to a third embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       [0016]    Hereinafter, a semiconductor light emitting device according to embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. During the following description, the definition of being ‘on’ or ‘under’ will be illustrated based on each drawing. Moreover, the thickness of each layer is just one example and also is not limited to the drawing. 
         [0017]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor light emitting device according to a first embodiment. 
         [0018]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a semiconductor light emitting device  100  comprises a light emitting structure  110 , a transparent electrode layer  120 , a light transmitting layer  140 , a reflective electrode layer  150 , and a conductive supporting member  160 . 
         [0019]    The light emitting structure  110  comprises a first conductive semiconductor layer  111 , an active layer  113 , and a second conductive semiconductor layer  115 . A first electrode  163  of a predetermined pattern is formed on the first conductive semiconductor layer  111  and the active layer  113  is formed under the first conductive semiconductor layer  111 . The second conductive semiconductor layer  115  is formed under the active layer  113 . 
         [0020]    The first conductive semiconductor layer  111  may be realized with a semiconductor layer doped with a first conductive dopant. If the first conductive semiconductor layer  111  is an N-type semiconductor layer, it may be formed of one of chemical semiconductors such as GaN, InN, AlN, InGaN, AlGaN, and InAlGaN, AlInN. The first conductive dopant selectively comprises one of Si, Ge, Sn, Se, and Te as the N-type dopant. 
         [0021]    The active layer  113  may have a single quantum well or a multi quantum well structure and may be formed with an InGaN/GaN or AlGaN/GaN structure. The active layer  113  may be selectively formed of a light emitting material of a predetermined wavelength. For example, if the predetermined wavelength is a blue color emission of 460 nm to 470 nm, a single or multi quantum well structure may be formed periodically (one period comprising an InGaN well layer/GaN barrier layer). The active layer  113  may comprise a material for emitting a colored light such as blue wavelength light, red wavelength light, and green wavelength light. 
         [0022]    A conductive clad layer (not shown) may be formed on or/and under the active layer  113 . 
         [0023]    The second conductive semiconductor layer  115  may be realized with a semiconductor layer doped with a second conductive dopant. If the second conductive semiconductor layer  115  is a P-type semiconductor layer, it may be formed of one of chemical semiconductors such as GaN, InN, AlN, InGaN, AlGaN, InAlGaN, and AlInN. The second conductive dopant selectively comprises one of Mg, Zn, Ca, Sr, and Ba as the P-type dopant. 
         [0024]    Moreover, a third conductive semiconductor layer (not shown) may be formed under the second conductive semiconductor layer  115 . The third conductive semiconductor layer may be realized with an N-type semiconductor layer if the first conductive semiconductor layer  111  is an N-type semiconductor layer. If the first conductive semiconductor layer  111  is a P-type semiconductor layer, the second conductive semiconductor layer  115  may be realized with an N-type semiconductor layer. The light emitting structure  110  may be one of an N-P junction structure, a P-N junction structure, an N-P-N junction structure, and a P-N-P junction structure. 
         [0025]    The transparent electrode layer  120  is formed under the second conductive semiconductor layer  115  of the light emitting structure  110 . The transparent electrode layer  120  is formed of at least one as a transparent conductive material of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), indium aluminum zinc oxide (IAZO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), indium gallium tin oxide (IGTO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), antimony tin oxide (ATO), ZnO, RuOx, TiOx, and IrOx. 
         [0026]    The transparent electrode layer  120  may be formed of a single layer or with a predetermined pattern. The transparent electrode layer  120  may have a predetermined pattern (e.g., a matrix pattern) and this predetermined pattern may vary within the technical scope of an embodiment. If the transparent electrode layer  120  may not be formed, the reflective electrode layer  150  serves to perform functions of the transparent electrode layer  120 . 
         [0027]    The outer end of the transparent electrode layer  120  may not be exposed to the outer of the semiconductor light emitting device  100 . That is, by not exposing the outer of the transparent electrode layer  120 , its material is prevented from affecting the outer of the light emitting structure  110 . 
         [0028]    The light transmitting layer  140  is formed under the outer of the transparent electrode layer  120  and the reflective electrode layer  150  is formed under the inner of the transparent electrode layer  120 . 
         [0029]    The light transmitting layer  140  may have a predetermined thickness along the outer circumference of the transparent electrode layer  120 . The outer of the light transmitting layer  140  contacts the under surface of the second conductive semiconductor layer  115  and the outer of the transparent electrode layer  120  is not exposed to the outside of the light transmitting layer  140 . 
         [0030]    The light transmitting layer  140  may be formed of at least one of materials having low reflective characteristic and high transmittivity such as SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , TiO 2 , NiO, Al 2 O 3 , and polymer series. The thickness T 1  of the light transmitting layer  140  may range from 3 μm to 20 μm. 
         [0031]    The reflective electrode layer  150  is formed under the transparent electrode layer  120  and the light transmitting layer  140 . The reflective electrode layer  150  is formed of at least one of materials having high reflective characteristic such as Al, Al-series alloy, Ag, Ag-series alloy, Pd, Pd-series alloy, Rh, Rh-series alloy, Pt, and Pt-series alloy. 
         [0032]    The reflective electrode layer  150  comprises a side part  152 , a center part  154 , and a middle part  156 . The side part  152  is formed under the light transmitting layer  140 . The center part  154  is formed under the transparent electrode layer  120  to serve as a second electrode. The middle part  156  is connected between the side part  152  and the center part  154  and there is a height difference between the side part  152  and the center part  154  along the inner circumference of the light transmitting layer  140 . 
         [0033]    The middle part  156  of the reflective electrode layer  150  corresponds to the thickness of the light transmitting layer  140  and may be formed almost perpendicular to the extension line of the side part  152 . 
         [0034]    The side part  152  and the center part  154  of the reflective electrode layer  150  are parallel to the extension line of the light emitting structure  110 , and the middle part  156  is formed almost perpendicular to the extension line of the light emitting structure  110 . 
         [0035]    Since a portion of the reflective electrode layer  150  is not parallel to the light emitting structure  110 , a light progressing into the reflective electrode layer  150  may be reflected toward respectively different lateral directions. That is, the side part  152 , the center part  154 , and the middle part  156  of the reflective electrode layer  150  reflect the incident light in respectively different lateral directions. 
         [0036]    The center part  154  of the reflective electrode layer  150  may connect, by a predetermined width W 1 , the inner portion of the transparent electrode layer  120 , and its connection area is 10% to 70% of the under surface area of the transparent electrode layer  120 . The upper surface of the light transmitting layer  140  contacts the outer portion of the transparent electrode layer  120 , and its contact area is 30% to 90% of the under surface area of the transparent electrode layer  120 . Here, according to the connection areas of the transparent electrode layer  120 , the reflective electrode layer  150 , and the light transmitting layer  140 , an orientation angle of light may vary. Additionally, according to the thickness T 1  of the light transmitting layer  140 , an orientation angle of light can be adjusted. 
         [0037]    The conductive supporting member  160  is formed under the reflective electrode layer  150 , and serves as the second electrode in company with the reflective electrode layer  150 . The conductive supporting member  160  may be formed of copper, gold, or a carrier wafer (e.g., Si, Ge, GaAs, ZnO, and SiC). For example, the conductive supporting member  160  may be formed by using copper plating or wafer bonding technique, but is not limited thereto. 
         [0038]    Once a power is supplied, light is emitted from the active layer  113  of the light emitting structure  110 , and the emitted light is radiated in all directions of the light emitting structure  110 . The light progressing under the light emitting structure  110  transmits the transparent electrode layer  120  and the light transmitting layer  140 . At this point, the center part  154  of the reflective electrode layer  150  reflects the light transmitted through transparent electrode layer  120 , and the side part  152  and the middle part  156  reflect the light transmitted through the light transmitting layer  140 . 
         [0039]    The middle part  156  of the reflective electrode layer  150  is formed almost perpendicular to the extension line of the light emitting structure  110  and thus reflects an incident light in the lateral direction. Additionally, the side part  152  of the reflective electrode layer  150  re-reflects the light reflected from the middle part  156  and at this point, can reflect a portion of the incident light into the lateral direction. The reflective electrode layer  150  can improves light orientation characteristic and a radiation amount in the lateral direction with respect to the semiconductor light emitting device  100 . 
         [0040]      FIGS. 2 to 8  are views illustrating manufacturing processes of a semiconductor light emitting device according to a first embodiment. 
         [0041]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , a buffer layer  103  is formed on a substrate  101 . The substrate  101  is formed of one selected from Al 2 O 3 , GaN, SiC, ZnO, Si, GaP, InP, and GaAs. The buffer layer  103  may be formed of one of chemical compounds of III-V groups such as GaN, InN, AlN, InGaN, AlGaN, and InAlGaN, and also may be doped with a conductive dopant. 
         [0042]    An undoped semiconductor layer (not shown) may be formed on the buffer layer  103 . At least one of the buffer layer and the undoped semiconductor layer may be formed or none of them may be formed. Or, they may be removed from the final structure. There is no limitation about a semiconductor growing on the substrate  101 . 
         [0043]    The light emitting structure  110  may be formed on the buffer layer  103 . The light emitting structure  110  comprises a first conductive semiconductor layer  111 , an active layer  113 , and a second conductive semiconductor layer  115 . In the light emitting structure  110 , the first conductive semiconductor layer  111  is formed on the buffer layer  103 , the active layer  113  is formed on the first conductive semiconductor layer  111 , and the second conductive semiconductor layer  115  is formed on the active layer  113 . A conductive clad layer may be formed on or/and under the active layer  113 . The light emitting structure  110  may be added or modified within the technical scope of an embodiment and is not limited to the stacked layer structure. 
         [0044]    The first conductive semiconductor layer  111  may be realized with a semiconductor layer doped with a first conductive dopant. If the first conductive semiconductor layer  111  is an N-type semiconductor layer, it may be formed of one of chemical semiconductors such as GaN, InN, AlN, InGaN, AlGaN, and InAlGaN, AlInN. The first conductive dopant selectively comprises one of Si, Ge, Sn, Se, and Te as the N-type dopant. 
         [0045]    The active layer  113  may have a single quantum well or a multi quantum well structure and may be formed with an InGaN/GaN or AlGaN/GaN structure. The active layer  113  may be selectively formed of a light emitting material of a predetermined wavelength. For example, if the predetermined wavelength is a blue color emission of 460 nm to 470 nm, a single or multi quantum well structure may be formed periodically (one period comprising an InGaN well layer/GaN barrier layer). The active layer  113  may comprise a material for emitting a colored light such as blue wavelength light, red wavelength light, and green wavelength light. 
         [0046]    The second conductive semiconductor layer  115  may be realized with a semiconductor layer doped with a second conductive dopant. If the second conductive semiconductor layer  115  is a P-type semiconductor layer, it may be formed of one of chemical semiconductors such as GaN, InN, AlN, InGaN, AlGaN, InAlGaN, and AlInN. The second conductive dopant selectively comprises one of Mg, Zn, Ca, Sr, and Ba as the P-type dopant. 
         [0047]    The transparent electrode layer  120  is formed on the second conductive semiconductor layer  115  of the light emitting structure  110 . The transparent electrode layer  120  is formed of at least one of ITO, IZO, IZTO, IAZO, IGZO, IGTO, AZO, ATO, ZnO, RuOx, TiOx, and IrOx. 
         [0048]    The transparent electrode layer  120  is formed within an area of the second conductive semiconductor layer  115  and may not be exposed to the outside of the second conductive semiconductor layer  115 . 
         [0049]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , the center area  142  of the transparent electrode layer  120  is masked by a mask pattern (not shown) and the light transmitting layer  140  is formed on the side areas of the transparent electrode layer  120 . 
         [0050]    The light transmitting layer  140  may be formed of at least one of materials having low reflective characteristic and high transmittivity such as SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , TiO 2 , NiO, Al 2 O 3 , and polymer series. The thickness T 1  of the light transmitting layer  140  may range from 3 μm to 20 μm. 
         [0051]    The outer portion of the light transmitting layer  140  may contact the second conductive semiconductor layer  115 . 
         [0052]      FIG. 4  is a plan view of the light transmitting layer and the transparent electrode layer of  FIG. 3 . 
         [0053]    Referring to  FIG. 4 , the light transmitting layer  140  is formed around the center area  142  of the transparent electrode layer  120 , and the center area  142  of the transparent electrode layer  120  may have a rectangular form or other forms such as a polygonal form, a circle form, and an ellipse form. 
         [0054]      FIG. 5  is a plan view of the light transmitting layer of  FIG. 3  according to another embodiment. 
         [0055]    Referring to  FIG. 5 , the light transmitting layer  140 A is formed on the left/right areas of the transparent electrode layer  120 , and is not formed on the front/rear areas of the transparent electrode layer  120 . Accordingly, the center area  142 A of the transparent electrode layer  120  is formed to have the opened front/rear. A pattern for the center area  142 A of the transparent electrode layer  120  may be formed with a cross within the technical scope of an embodiment and is not limited thereto. 
         [0056]    Referring to  FIG. 6 , a reflective electrode layer  150  is formed on the light transmitting layer  140  and the transparent electrode layer  120 . The reflective electrode layer  150  serves as a second electrode and performs a reflecting function. The reflective electrode layer  150  may be formed of at least one of Al, Al-series alloy, Ag, Ag-series alloy, Pd, Pd-series alloy, Rh, Rh-series alloy, Pt, and Pt-series alloy. 
         [0057]    The side part  152  of the reflective electrode layer  150  is formed on the light transmitting layer  140 . The center part  154  is formed on the transparent electrode layer  120 . The middle part  156  is formed on the inner circumference of the light transmitting layer  140 . 
         [0058]    The middle part  156  of the reflective electrode layer  150  is connected between the side part  152  and the center part  154 , and there is a height difference between the side part  152  and the center part  154  along the inner circumference of the light transmitting layer  140 . The middle part  156  of the reflective electrode layer  150  corresponds to the thickness of the light transmitting layer  140 , and may be formed almost perpendicular on the extension line of the side part  152 . 
         [0059]    The side part  152  and the center part  154  of the reflective electrode layer  150  are formed parallel to the light emitting structure  110 , and the middle part  156  is formed almost perpendicular to the extension line parallel to the light emitting structure  110 . 
         [0060]    Since a portion of the reflective electrode layer  150  is not parallel to the light emitting structure  110 , the light progressing into the reflective electrode layer  150  may be reflected toward respectively different lateral directions. That is, the side part  152 , the center part  154 , and the middle part  156  of the reflective electrode layer  150  reflect an incident light toward respectively different lateral directions. 
         [0061]    The reflective electrode layer  150  may connect the upper surface of the transparent electrode layer  120  by 10% to 70%. The light transmitting layer  140  may contact the upper surface of the transparent electrode layer  120  by 30% to 90%. 
         [0062]    Here, an orientation angel of light may vary according to connection areas of the transparent electrode layer  120 , the reflective electrode layer  150 , and the light transmitting light  140 . Additionally, an orientation angle of light may be adjusted according to the thickness T 1  of the light transmitting layer  140  in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0063]    A conductive supporting member  160  is formed on the reflective electrode layer  150  and serves as a second electrode. The conductive supporting member  160  may be formed of copper, gold, or a carrier wafer (e.g., Si, Ge, GaAs, ZnO, and SiC). For example, the conductive supporting member  160  may be formed by using copper plating or wafer bonding technique, but is not limited thereto. 
         [0064]    Referring to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , when the conductive supporting member  160  is formed, the substrate  101  is removed and the buffer layer  103  is removed through an etching method. The substrate  101  and the buffer layer  103  may be removed through physical and/or chemical methods, but is not limited thereto. 
         [0065]    After positioning the conductive supporting member  160  down, a first electrode  163  of a predetermined pattern is formed on the first conductive semiconductor layer  111 . Consequently, a vertical semiconductor light emitting device is completed. 
         [0066]    Once a forward power is supplied, light is generated from the active layer  113  of the light emitting structure  110 , and the generated light is emitted toward all directions of the light emitting structure  110 . The light progressing under the light emitting structure  110  is transmitted through the transparent electrode layer  120  and the light transmitting layer  140  for progression. At this point, the center part  154  of the reflective electrode layer  150  reflects the light transmitted through the transparent electrode layer  120 , and the side part  152  and the middle part  156  reflect the light transmitted through the light transmitting layer  140 . 
         [0067]    The middle part  156  of the reflective electrode layer  150  is formed almost perpendicular to the extension line of the light emitting structure  110  and thus reflects an incident light in the lateral direction. Additionally, the side part  152  of the reflective electrode layer  150  re-reflects the light reflected from the middle part  156  and at this point, can reflect a portion of the incident light into the lateral direction. The reflective electrode layer  150  can improves light orientation characteristic and a radiation amount in the lateral direction with respect to the semiconductor light emitting device  100 . 
         [0068]      FIG. 9  is a view of a semiconductor light emitting device according to a second embodiment. During the description of the second embodiment, a portion identical to the first embodiment will refer to the first embodiment, and thus its overlapping description will be omitted. 
         [0069]    Referring to  FIG. 9 , according to a semiconductor light emitting device  100 A, the thickness T 2  of the light transmitting layer  140 A may be thicker than the thickness T 1  of  FIG. 1 . The thickness T 2  of the light transmitting layer  140 A may range from 20 μm to 40 μm. 
         [0070]    If the thickness T 2  of the light transmitting layer  140 A becomes thicker, the height of the middle part  152  of the reflective electrode layer  150  is increased. Accordingly, the semiconductor light emitting device  100 A can adjust an angle and distribution of light emitted toward the lateral direction by the reflective electrode layer  150 . Additionally, the semiconductor light emitting device  100 A can improve color mixture when a light unit of a side view type is applied. 
         [0071]      FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor light emitting device according to a third embodiment. During description of the third embodiment, a portion identical to the first embodiment will refer to the first embodiment, and thus its overlapping description will be omitted. 
         [0072]    Referring to  FIG. 10 , the semiconductor light emitting device  100 B has a slanting middle part  156 A of a reflective electrode layer  150 . The slanting middle part  156 A of the reflective electrode layer  150  may vary according to the inner side and inner circumference of the light transmitting layer  140 . 
         [0073]    The middle part  156 A of the reflective electrode layer  150  may have an inclined angle θ of 30°≦θ&lt;90° with respect to the extension line of the side part  152 A. 
         [0074]    The middle part  156 A of the reflective electrode layer  150  has a height having a predetermined angle. The middle part  156 A is slanted with respect to the extension line of the light emitting structure  110  and the light transmitted through the light transmitting layer  140  is emitted toward the lateral direction. 
         [0075]    The semiconductor light emitting device  100 B increases the intensity of light emitted toward the lateral direction and broadens an orientation angel of light emitted toward the lateral direction. 
         [0076]    Additionally, according to this embodiment, the structure of the reflective electrode layer  150  is divided into the side part  152 A, the center part  154 A, and the middle part  156 A. However, the middle part  156 A may extend to the outer and then can be divided into two or four through a height difference at the middle of the middle part  156 A. The structure of the reflective electrode layer  150  may be modified within the technical scope of an embodiment. 
         [0077]    Although the embodiment has been made in relation to the compound semiconductor light emitting device comprising the N-P junction structure as an example, the compound semiconductor light emitting device comprising an N-P-N structure, a P-N structure or a P-N-P structure can be implemented. In the description of the embodiment, it will be understood that, when a layer (or film), a region, a pattern, or a structure is referred to as being “on (above/over/upper)” or “under (below/down/lower)” another substrate, another layer (or film), another region, another pad, or another pattern, it can be directly on the other substrate, layer (or film), region, pad or pattern, or intervening layers may also be present. Furthermore, it will be understood that, when a layer (or film), a region, a pattern, a pad, or a structure is referred to as being “between” two layers (or films), regions, pads or patterns, it can be the only layer between the two layers (or films), regions, pads, or patterns or one or more intervening layers may also be present. Thus, it should be determined by technical idea of the invention. 
         [0078]    Any reference in this specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “example embodiment,” etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is comprised in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the purview of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other ones of the embodiments. 
         [0079]    Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or alignments of the subject combination alignment within the scope of the disclosure, the drawings and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or alignments, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.