Abstract:
An apparatus includes memory and a processor. The processor is operable to receive identification information of a user from a portable computing device. The processor is also operable to access the memory to identify a previous trip record based on the identification information of the user and to identify a user preference based on the previous trip record. The processor is further operable to generate reservation information based on the user preference, where the reservation information is associated with a requested trip of the user.

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
     The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/924,215, filed on Oct. 25, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/776,293, filed on Feb. 11, 2004, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/755,649, filed on Jan. 5, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,697,018, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/382,551, filed on Aug. 25, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,326,918, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/186,131, filed on Nov. 4, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,678, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/470,004, filed on Jun. 6, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,835,061, all of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The disclosure generally relates to a geographic-based communications service and, more particularly, is concerned with an apparatus and method for using known locations of wireless local area network access points (APs) to service mobile users (MUs) of portable smart devices (e.g., notebook, personal computers, PDA, etc.) who are in the vicinity of these APs. 
     BACKGROUND 
     As technology improvements result in smaller, lighter and more portable computing devices, a wide variety of new applications and users will emerge. Users will not only operate such devices in stand alone mode, but with portability, users will also require the ability to send and receive information through such devices at any location. The need to communicate will arise in circumstances where hard wired links may not be readily available or practical or when the user of the portable computing device cannot be reached immediately. Moreover, a result of user mobility is that the precise location of the user is often variable or not determined. Conventional communications systems for computing devices are not equipped to handle such communication scenarios. 
     Commercially available personal computers or other similar devices are generally equipped with industry standard interface ports for driving a peripheral device such as a printer, a plotter, or a modem. While operating in an unknown, remote location not connected to a network, the portable personal computer user may be unaware of messages waiting for him. In addition, conventionally, the user must wait until reaching an office or other place with appropriate equipment to receive such messages and to transmit or print documents or other information prepared by the user on his personal device. 
     By way of example and not limitation, one type of mobile user is the traveller who passes through airports or similar mass transit centers (e.g., subway commuters), uses ground transportation and stays in a hotel. In a typical scenario, a traveller may use a personal computer to perform calculations or prepare documents on a personal computing device during an airplane flight. Simultaneously, associates may leave messages for the traveller on a network. In conventional systems, the users&#39;s work product and messages destined for the user are not available until the user arrives at a location where a wired connection to the user&#39;s network is available. 
     A further example of inefficiencies for the traveller concerns travel arrangements themselves. After arriving at an airport, the traveller proceeds to a car rental desk or to some other transportation location. The traveller typically waits in line while the car rental agency inquires about automobile preference, driver&#39;s license, method of payment, type of insurance required, etc. Having experienced some delay, the traveller is now on his way to a business location or hotel. Upon arriving at a hotel check-in/registration desk, the traveller often experiences further delay waiting in line and providing the check-in clerk with routine information such as address, length of stay, type of room desired, method of payment, etc. In addition, the business traveller must call back to his office to check for telephone messages, thereby incurring further delays. 
     While accessing data bases for information about the traveller, his preferences and requirements can reduce such delays, a common characteristic is that the pending arrival or presence of the traveller is not known to those who can act in advance. Further, conventional systems cannot generally locate a mobile user of a personal computing device and take advantage of that information to reduce the time required to complete routine activities or to provide the user options that can enhance the user&#39;s productivity. 
     In another example, when a user dials a telephone number to an automatic teller machine (ATM) locator, the user is prompted to key in his area code and exchange prefix. The locator system then identifies one or more ATMs within the user&#39;s area. However, the system requires the user to call in and cannot locate the user any more accurately than the telephone exchange area. Thus, the user could be advised of an ATM quite a physical distance from the user&#39;s location. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a representation of the geographic-based communications service system, according to the disclosure; and 
         FIG. 2  is a flow chart showing a mobile unit interfacing with an access point, according to the system of  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     According to the disclosure, mobile users communicate with wireless local area networks within the range of an access point (AP). When a user passes an access point, the access point recognizes the user, and the user&#39;s device can then retrieve data (telephone, E-mail messages, etc.) waiting for the user and transmit information (E-mail messages, print documents, requests for information from service providers, etc.) that the user may have for transmission to a desired recipient. For instance, this process could occur as a user exits an airplane and is detected by an access point in an airport. 
     Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed toward a method and apparatus for using known locations of local area network APs (access points) to service mobile users who are in the vicinity of these APs. Such access points and mobile units typically communicate with each other in a wireless manner. The method according to the disclosure includes the steps of: (a) detecting the presence of a mobile unit in the vicinity of an access point and (b) transmitting/receiving information from the mobile unit to/from the network through the access point. 
     According to the disclosure, information and services can be provided by various providers connected to the network which are able to respond to unanticipated requests or which have acquired knowledge about the user&#39;s requirements, preferences and habits over a period of time and have extrapolated information from the user&#39;s past practices for probable future actions consistent with these past actions. 
     For example, in one application, an access point receives a print job from a user&#39;s mobile unit and sends it to a printer available at a destination point designated by the user so that the document is printed and available to the user upon his arrival at his destination. In another application according to the disclosure, upon detecting the arrival of a user&#39;s mobile unit at a destination, a message, for example, an E-mail message, is sent to the user&#39;s rental car agency. The agency can take appropriate actions so that the user&#39;s rental car is ready and the user does not waste time waiting in line. Using a similar approach, a user can be pre-registered at a hotel so that his room is ready upon arrival. 
     Thus, according to the disclosure, a geographic-based communications service system for mobile users includes a mobile unit for transmitting and receiving information and a plurality of access points connected to a network and arranged at known locations in a geographic region for transmitting the information to and receiving the information from said mobile unit. One of the access points detects the presence of a mobile unit and sends a signal to the network. A plurality of information providers are connected to the network. The network accesses the information providers based on the signal received from a mobile unit via the access points to provide data to the mobile unit or to another entity on behalf of the user of the mobile unit. In particular, the known location of the access point detecting the presence of the mobile unit defines the location of said mobile unit. Based on the location of the mobile unit as detected by the AP, a service provider on the network can take actions appropriate to the user&#39;s location, such as notifying a car rental agency of the user&#39;s presence or notifying the user of canceled flights and adjustments to the user&#39;s itinerary. Further according to the disclosure, clocks in the user&#39;s mobile device and event schedules can be updated automatically to correspond to the present time in the time zone where the access point detecting the user&#39;s mobile unit is located. 
       FIG. 1  shows a geographic-based communications service system, generally designated  1 , according to the disclosure. The system includes a mobile unit (e.g., portable computer)  5 , an AP (access point)  10 , an information provider  20 , a management information base (MIB)  25 , and a centralized network  15 . The information provider  20  will typically have a processor  21  and memory  22  with controlled access thereto. Typically, access point  10  and mobile unit  5  communicate in a wireless manner. Thus, mobile unit  5  and access point  10  would be equipped with an appropriate transmitter and receiver compatible in power and frequency range to establish such a wireless communication link. In addition, mobile unit would also be equipped with a code generator which generates an identification code that can be transmitted to and recognized by the access point  10  or a system accessed through access point  10 . Such an identification code allows recognition of a user before providing access to system services, thereby providing a measure of security and a service billing mechanism. 
       FIG. 2  is a flow chart showing an implementation of the communication between the mobile unit  5  and an access point  10 . In step  30 , the access point  10  determines whether the mobile unit  5  is within the range of the access point  10 . In steps  35  and  40 , the access point  10  scans the mobile unit  5  and determines whether the mobile unit I.D. (identity) matches a prestored I.D., and in step  45 , the communication between the mobile unit  5  and the access point  10  begins. The communication between mobile unit  5  and access point  10  may include sending and receiving information which may include text, voice data and video data. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2  a first step according to the disclosure may be establishing a connection between a mobile unit and an access point. Referring again to  FIG. 1 , the mobile unit  5  can send a beacon signal that is picked up by one of the APs  10  located in a plurality of locations within a geographic region. When the beacon signal is picked up by a particular AP  10 , the beacon signal is transmitted back to the management information base (MIB)  25  by AP  10 . Since the location of the access point is defined and known by MIB  25 , detection of the presence of the mobile unit by an AP  10  allows MIB  25  to know exactly where the mobile user is located at any given time. For example, the MIB could store the latitude, longitude, altitude, and other geographic information such as a local map of the area of each access point. 
     The precision available in this type of mapping scheme is distinguished from that typically achieved in a cellular telephone system. In a cellular telephone system a user transmits a beacon signal at a fixed frequency. When the user moves from a first “cell” to a second “cell”, the receiver located at the midpoint of the first cell no longer picks up the beacon signal, and the receiver located at the midpoint of the second cell picks up the beacon signal. A cellular telephone “handoff” in which the phone call is now under control of the second cell then takes place. It is only possible to locate the user to a relatively large area defined by the cells. There is no provision for locating the user more precisely within the cell. Thus, a cellular system is limited in its ability to provide services requiring the precise location of the user. 
     In the present disclosure, the mobile unit may determine its own location. The mobile unit&#39;s whereabouts may not have to be tracked. For example, upon establishing a connection with an AP  10 , the mobile unit  5  can transmit a message inquiring “Where is this AP?” Upon receiving the answer that the AP  10  is located at the user&#39;s destination airport, the mobile unit can then transmit an E-mail to a car rental agency or hotel to AP  10 . AP  10  routes the message through a network connected to AP  10  so that the user&#39;s car or hotel room is ready upon his arrival. Once the message is provided to the AP, tracking of the user may be discontinued. 
     In another approach according to the disclosure, one or more selected APs  10  may be programmed to watch for the arrival of a particular mobile unit (target mobile unit). Upon detecting the presence of the target mobile unit, the AP  10  establishing the link with the target mobile unit sends a message directly to the rental car agency, hotel, etc. Since the message has been sent, other APs may then be directed to cease watching for the target mobile unit. 
     Another feature according to the disclosure may enable the user to access a service provider over a network connected through the access point. For example, upon establishing its location, a mobile unit can direct an inquiry through the AP over the network connected to the user&#39;s bank to locate the nearest ATM. Since the user&#39;s location is established with relative precision by the location of the AP, the service provider may respond with a message such as “Straight ahead to exit 3, turn right and proceed two blocks.” The message may be routed to the user through the same AP. 
     According to the disclosure, service may be initiated by the mobile unit&#39;s transmission of an inquiry requiring a response. Alternatively, service may be initiated by an element of the network, such as a service provider, when an AP  10  detects the presence of a mobile unit. As an element of the network, the AP  10  may access its memory to initiate the service or transmit a message over the network to a service provider who initiates the appropriate service. 
     A system according to the disclosure may include a plurality of APs and mobile units and may be configured to allow all users access to all service providers on a network or to allow selected users access to selected service providers, depending on a service profile contracted for by the user. For example, according to the disclosure, system software may be programmed to provide service gates in which a user identification code is compared with a list of authorized codes for access to the particular service. In addition, users may contract for unlimited access for a fixed fee or for time billed access or some combination thereof. Service usage records for billing and other purposes may be maintained in an automated database, so that users may be billed by a single entity that maintains the network of APs or individually by each service provider. 
     Assume, for example, that a user of the mobile unit  5  is located at an airport and that several APs  10  are located at the same airport. The mobile unit  5  is connected to an antenna  6 , and the AP  10  is connected to an antenna  8  which can both receive and transmit radio frequency (RF) signals at designated transmit and receive frequency bands. RF signals over-the-air from AP  10  are received by the antenna  6 , and sent to mobile unit  5 . 
     The mobile unit  5  may send information to the AP  10 , for example, in order to retrieve messages or obtain information needed by the user or to send messages and data to other users. These messages may be entered by the user through the mobile unit  5  or may be automatically generated, as in the previously described case of sending a message to a car rental company signalling the user&#39;s arrival at the airport. During this process, antenna  6  may transmit the RF signal which may be received by antenna  8  and sent to AP  10 . 
     In one embodiment, when a beacon signal output from the mobile unit  5  is detected and received by AP  10 , information in the beacon signal identifying the mobile unit is transmitted back to network  15 . The information sent back to network  15  includes the identification number of the mobile unit  5  and AP  10 , thereby identifying both the user and his location to the network. Using this identification and location data, network  15  may provide desired services (or arranges to provide desired services by accessing appropriate providers) and essential information to the user of the mobile unit  5 . Based on the type of information, network  15  may access one or more information providers  20  to provide the information or services to the user. One or more information providers  20  may be coupled to network  15  in a ring-network configuration, a star-network configuration, or other type of connection known in the art. 
     Other query/response approaches to link the mobile unit  5  and AP  10  may also be employed within the scope of the disclosure. For example, AP  10  may scan its coverage area, thereby causing a mobile unit  5  in the area to generate a response using active or passive circuitry. Such a response may either be a simple presence indication causing the AP  10  to transmit a further inquiry message requesting the mobile unit&#39;s identification information. Alternatively, in response to an AP scan, the mobile  5  my transmit its identification data immediately. Since a mobile unit may be in an area serviced by an AP for some time, either the AP or the mobile unit may be configured to determine if any correspondence is necessary before engaging in further communication. 
     In a simplified configuration according to the disclosure, the mobile unit may be configured as a device to locate a user through the APs  10 . In this case, a processor on the network  15  would then take the appropriate action, such as sending an E-mail to the user&#39;s car rental agency, upon detection of the user&#39;s presence by an AP. 
     Network  15 , shown in  FIG. 1 , may store information in the MIB  25 . MIB  25  is a mechanism, such as a memory, which may enable persistent storage of information used by network  15 . Examples of such information include a directory of all the elements (APs, mobile units, etc) in the network, the topology of the network, characteristics of individual network elements, characteristics of connection links, performance and trend statistics, and any information which is of interest in the operation of the network  15 . For example, the MIB may store the precise longitude, latitude, altitude and other geographic information pinpointing the location of each AP  10 . Alternatively, an access point may be located by its proximity to another known location. For example, an access point location may be defined as a particular hotel known to be a particular address or having known latitude and longitude coordinates. The extent of geographic area covered by an access point may be defined in similar ways. 
     In order to reduce message traffic over the network, all or part of MIB may be stored at one or more access points  10 . In particular, static information which does not change, or changes relatively infrequently, may be stored in the AP  10 . Thus, as shown in  FIG. 1 , AP  10  may include a memory  27  for storing at least a portion of the MIB. For example, memory  27  may store the location of the AP  10 , the local map, local services and other information, such that routine requests for information from the mobile unit, such as “Where am I” requests may be serviced without communicating with the network, leaving more resources for other message traffic. 
     By way of example and not limitation, service and information providers  20  may include car rental agencies, hotels, restaurants, airline reservation centers, banks, taxi services, bus and train reservation offices, printing services, on-line database services, message services, and E-mail providers, so that the user may receive messages. The system according to the disclosure may also provide the user access to updates on specific databases, such as a database maintained by the user&#39;s employer (e.g., a company rolodex) or the user&#39;s own personal databases and any other service which may be used in a remote manner. 
     Any of the service and information providers  20  may maintain in memory data files on members and subscribing merchants and may have the ability to extract data from past transactions for each of the users to facilitate future plans. In this way, the service providers may have available the information to learn the past habits and preferences of their subscribers and provide corresponding services for new transactions. 
     For example, upon learning that a business traveller is scheduling a trip to Austin, service and information providers  20  may consider the previous trips by the traveller, develop a suggested itinerary, and book travel, hotel, car and restaurant reservations. The information providers  20  may acquire knowledge about the habits of the traveller over a period of time, may store the information in a memory, and may extrapolate information from past habits for probable future actions consistent with these past actions. For example, when arranging for a rental car, the information stored in the service provider&#39;s memory for a particular subscriber may indicate that the subscriber typically requests a four door intermediate size car. Referencing this information, the service provider may now reserve a similar vehicle, unless otherwise instructed by the mobile unit. 
     A system according to the disclosure may also have processing and memory access to operate in an interactive or adaptable mode. For example, when the user of the mobile unit  5  arrives at the airport, his identity, as well as the fact that he is at the airport, may be detected by AP  10  and transmitted to the network, for example using the beacon signal emitted from his mobile unit  5 , as previously described. One or more service providers with access to transportation schedules, flight status information, hotel or automobile rental information, weather information, ground maps or other information desired by the user may employ network  15  to send the user updated information about whether a connecting flight has been delayed, alternative routings, where to go to pick up a pre-specified rental car, directions to a preferred hotel and other types of information. 
     Since the location of the AP  10  communication with a mobile unit  5  may be known precisely, service and information provider  20  may employ processors to provide only suitable information to the user and may track the user&#39;s last reported location. For example, since updated information can be sent to the mobile unit  5 , based on the location of the mobile unit  5 , information that is pertinent only to the fact that the user of the mobile unit  5  is at the airport may be sent back to the mobile unit  5  via the communication path between AP  10  and the mobile unit  5 . Other information may be sent at other times. 
     For purposes of illustration,  FIG. 1  shows one AP  10  and one service and information provider  20  connected to network  15 . However, any number of such APs and service and information providers may typically be connected to network  15  to service any number of mobile units, subject to physical limitations, such as constraints on bandwidth. 
     In a variation of a system according to the disclosure, the mobile unit  5  may initiate a request for information from the network  15 . For example, the user of the mobile unit  5  may find the location of the nearest automatic teller machine (ATM) by entering the request into the mobile unit  5 , which may be received by the nearest AP  10 . AP  10  may forward this request for information to the network  15 . Network  15  may route the request to a service and information provider who may obtain the requested information and may transmit the requested information back to mobile unit  5  through AP  10 . 
     In another variation of a system according to the disclosure, network  15  may be connected to other types of communications networks, such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN), whereby the user of the mobile unit  5  may send and receive information from/to the PSTN or other communication network through a service provider. The service provider may employ processors and other apparatus to convert protocols and data formats from those used on the network  15  to those compatible with the PSTN or other communication network. For example, the user may receive facsimile information from a PSTN connected to the network  15 . 
     Another feature according to the disclosure may be the ability to adjust time clocks in the mobile unit to display and generate schedules using the correct time in the time zone where the user is located. This feature may be accomplished by storing in the MIB a time zone identifying code for each access point and during communication between an access point and a mobile unit, notifying the mobile unit of the correct zone. Alternatively, the time zone information may be stored in the access point or the access point may be instructed to check with a time reference (e.g., Greenwich Mean Time) and calculate local time. Alternatively, the time zone may be determined for the longitude of the access point stored in the MIB. This determination may be made either by the information provider and transmitted as a time zone message to the mobile unit or may be determined in the mobile unit using the longitude information of the access point. 
     Still another feature according to the disclosure may be the ability to provide customized messages based on the location of the active access point or on the user&#39;s profile. For example, a user accessing a network through an access point in a hotel may be provided information about promotions offered by that hotel or other affiliated hotels, airlines, car rental agencies or other providers of goods and services. 
     The apparatus and method according to the disclosure and many of its attendant advantages may be understood from the foregoing description and various changes may be made in form, construction and arrangement of the parts thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure or sacrificing all of its material advantages.