Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for a terminal transreceiving data with a first base station supporting first radio access technology (RAT) and a second bases station supporting second RAT in a radio access system supporting Multi-RAT, and comprises the following steps: performing initial network entry with the first base station; negotiating with the first base station Multi-RAT capability for exchanging information necessary to access the second base station; performing the access process with the second base station; and simultaneously transreceiving data between the first base station and the second base station, which is accessed through the access process, wherein the step of negotiating Multi-RAT capability further comprises a step of transmitting control information that expresses a specific service flow or a QoS type, which prefers communication with the second base station, to the first base station.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is the National Stage filing under 35 U.S.C. 371 of International Application No. PCT/KR2011/007372, filed on Oct. 5, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/390,144, filed on Oct. 5, 2010, the contents of which are all hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a radio access system supporting multi-radio access technology (RAT) and, more particularly, to a method and the apparatus for transmitting and receiving data over two or more heterogeneous networks. 
     2. Related Art 
     In a conventional radio communication environment supporting two or more heterogeneous networks, although a terminal has capabilities to access multi-RAT, the terminal is unable to access the multi-RAT at the same time and transmit and receive data to and from the two or more heterogeneous networks at the same time. 
     That is, a conventional terminal supporting multi-RAT accesses any one RAT based on switching and transmits and receives data over one network. Accordingly, if a terminal having multi-RAT capabilities transmits and receives data over a specific network and transmits and receives data over a network different from the specific network, the transmission and reception of data over any one network is stopped. 
     Accordingly, in the prior art, a terminal having capabilities supporting two or more heterogeneous networks is able to perform communication by using different networks, but efficiency is limited because the terminal operates based on simple switching. 
     Furthermore, since different networks independently operate, an inefficient operation is performed from a viewpoint of the overall flow management of a terminal. 
     For this purpose, methods have been defined for a terminal having multi-RAT capability in which the terminal simultaneously transmits and receives data by using two or more heterogeneous networks (e.g., a first system and a second system), i.e. by transmitting and receiving data through each network simultaneously. 
     The methods defined above, however, enable the multi-RAT MS to communicate only the data corresponding to specific service flow with the second system through the control by the first system. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, the present invention provides a method by which a terminal having multi-RAT capability can communicate the data corresponding to specific service flow or specific service quality type with the system the terminal favors. 
     In other words, the present invention provides a method for a multi-RAT MS by which the multi-RAT MS transmits the information representing favored system for the specific service flow or specific service quality type to the first system (or a first base station) and communicates data with each favored system per each service flow. 
     In an aspect, a method for a terminal transmitting and receiving data with a first base station supporting a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second base station supporting a second RAT in a radio access system supporting multi-RAT, is provided. The method includes performing an initial network entry process with the first base station, performing a multi-RAT capability negotiation process with the first base station in order to exchange information needed to access the second base station, performing an access process with the second base station, and transmitting and receiving data simultaneously with the first base station and the second base station which has been accessed by the access process. The performing the multi-RAT capability negotiation process includes transmitting control information, to the first base station, indicating a specific service flow or a quality of service (QoS) type favoring communication with the second base station. 
     The transmitting and receiving data may include transmitting to and receiving from the second base station the data corresponding to the control information. 
     The method may further include performing a scanning process on at least one second base station included in coverage of the first base station based on the information received from the first base station through the multi-RAT capability negotiation process. 
     The performing the scanning process may include receiving a multi-RAT scan command message instructing scanning on the second base station from the first base station, and performing scanning on the second base station. 
     The performing scanning may further include transmitting a multi-RAT scan report message to the first base station for reporting the result of scanning. 
     The method may further include receiving, from the first base station, the information on the second base station selected based on the multi-RAT scan report message. 
     In the case of informing the first base station of the fact that at least two second base stations have been detected through the multi-RAT scan report message, the second base station may be selected according to at least one of whether the operators are the same operator, a priority of the terminal, a channel quality, a load balancing and a type of transmitted traffic. 
     The information on the selected second base station may be received from the first base station through a second system command message. 
     The scanning process may be performed periodically, based on event-triggered method or only once. 
     The first RAT may be a broadband radio access technology and the second RAT may be local area radio access technology. 
     The broadband radio access technology may be a radio access technology supporting 802.16 and the local area radio access technology may be a radio access technology supporting 802.11. 
     The first base station and the second base station may be connected by wired method or wireless method. 
     In another aspect, a method for a multi-RAT MS transmitting and receiving data with a first base station supporting a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second base station supporting a second RAT in a radio access system supporting multi-RAT, the first base station supporting the communication, is provided. The method includes performing an initial network entry process with the first base station, performing a multi-RAT capability negotiation process with the first base station in order to exchange information needed to access the second base station, performing a dynamic service process with the first base station in order to add or change a service flow, performing a scanning process on at least one second base station included in coverage of the first base station based on the information received from the first base station through the multi-RAT capability negotiation process, performing an access process with one second base station among the at least one second base station, and transmitting and receiving data simultaneously with the first base station and the second base station which has been accessed by the access process. The performing the dynamic service process includes transmitting control information, to the first base station, indicating a system favored by the terminal for communication on the added or changed service flow through the process of the dynamic service. 
     The system may be the first base station, the second base station or one second base station among multiple second base stations. 
     In another aspect, a terminal for transmitting and receiving data with a first base station supporting a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second base station supporting a second RAT in radio access system supporting multiple radio access technology (RAT), is provided. The terminal includes a radio communication unit for transmitting and receiving a radio signal with an external system, and a control unit connected to the radio communication unit. The control unit is configured for controlling the radio communication unit so that control information indicating a service flow or a quality of service (QoS) type favoring communication with a specific system is transmitted to the first base station through a multi-RAT capability negotiation process or a dynamic service process with the first base station. 
     In another aspect, a terminal for transmitting and receiving data with a first base station supporting a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second base station supporting a second RAT in radio access system supporting multiple radio access technology (RAT), is provided. The terminal includes a radio communication unit for transmitting and receiving a radio signal with an external system, and a control unit connected to the radio communication unit. The control unit is configured for controlling the radio communication unit so that control information indicating a specific system favoring a specific service flow being transmitted through a dynamic service process with the first base station. 
     A multi-RAT mobile station (MS) according to embodiments of the present invention can simultaneously communicate data from each network through two or more heterogeneous networks, and presents an advantage of reducing overhead on the data communication with a specific network. 
     Also, the present invention provides mapping of systems per service flow when there is preferred system for a specific service flow of the multi-RAT terminal, thereby presenting an effect of providing more appropriate service meeting the needs of the user. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1(   a ) and  1 ( b ) are conceptual diagrams showing a multi-RAT network to which an embodiment of the present invention can be applied. 
         FIG. 2  is a flowchart showing a method of a multi-RAT MS transmitting and receiving data through a primary system and a secondary system. 
         FIG. 3  is a flowchart showing a multi-RAT capability negotiation process between the multi-RAT MS and a primary system. 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart showing a multi-RAT MS performing a scanning process on a secondary system. 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart showing a process of adding a secondary system, that is, a process of a multi-RAT MS accessing the secondary system, in an operation method of the secondary system. 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart showing a method for transmitting, by multi-RAT, to a base station information related to traffic preferred by the multi-RAT MS to communicate with a specific system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a flowchart showing a method for a multi-RAT MS of transmitting and receiving data through a first system and a second system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a flowchart showing a method for a multi-RAT MS to transmit and receive data through a first system and a second system according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a block diagram showing internal structures of an MS and a BS in a wireless access system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     The following technique may be used for various wireless communication systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), a frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and the like. 
     The CDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. The TDMA may be implemented as a radio technology such as a global system for mobile communications (GSM)/general packet radio service (GPRS)/enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). The OFDMA may be implemented by a radio technology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), and the like. IEEE 802.16m, an evolution of IEEE 802.16e, provides backward compatibility with a system based on IEEE 802.16e. 
     The UTRA is part of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). 
     3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) is part of an evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using the E-UTRA, which employs the OFDMA in downlink and the SC-FDMA in uplink. LTE-A (advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE. 
     Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same or similar elements are assigned the same reference numerals irrespective of their reference numerals, and a redundant description thereof is omitted. Furthermore, in describing the present invention, a detailed description of the known functions and constructions will be omitted if it is deemed to make the gist of the present invention unnecessarily vague. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are provided to help easily understand the spirit of the present invention, and it is to be noted that the spirit of the present invention should not be limited by the spirit of the present invention. The spirit of the present invention should be interpreted as being extended up to all changes, equivalents to substitutes other than the accompanying drawings. 
     A method in which an MS accesses two or more heterogeneous networks (or multi-RAT) and transmits and receives data over the networks at the same time in a multi-RAT network according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below. 
     At first, a multi-radio access technology (multi-RAT) network according to an embodiment of the present invention is described. 
       FIGS. 1(   a ) and  1 ( b ) are conceptual diagrams showing a multi-RAT network to which an embodiment of the present invention can be applied. 
     A multi-radio access technology (hereinafter referred to as ‘multi-RAT’) network refers to a radio communication environment in which two or more heterogeneous networks are present and an MS is able to access two or more heterogeneous networks and perform communication at the same time. 
     Here, an MS capable of performing communication with the two or more heterogeneous networks at the same time is called a ‘multi-RAT MS’ or ‘a multi-system MS’. 
     A heterogeneous network (or a heterogeneous system) refers to a network using a communication method different from a communication method used in a specific network on the basis of the specific network. 
     For example, a WiMAX network, that is an example of a mobile communication system, and a Wi-Fi network using a Wi-Fi network, correspond to heterogeneous networks. 
     RAT is a technique type used in radio access. For example, RAT can include a GSM/EDGE radio access network (GERAN), a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), an evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), WiMAX, LTE (-A), and Wi-Fi. That is, a GERAN, a UTRAN, an E-UTRAN, WiMAX, and/or Wi-Fi are mixed in the same area. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , a multi-RAT network  100  can include a primary system  110  and a secondary system  120 . 
     Here, the primary system  110  and the secondary system  120  can be represented by a first network and a second network, respectively. The primary system  110  can include a multi-RAT MS  10 , a base station  20 , and the secondary system  120 , and the secondary system  120  can include the multi-RAT MS  10  and an AP  30 . 
     The primary system is a system having a wide range of coverage and can be a mobile communication system. For example, the primary system can be a WiMAX or LTE (-A) system. Furthermore, the primary system refers to a system always having a status with the multi-RAT MS. That is, the primary system refers to a system which maintains an activation state, a sleep mode state, or an idle mode state with the multi-RAT MS. 
     The secondary system is a system having a small range of coverage and can be a WLAN communication system. For example, the secondary system can be a Wi-Fi system. That is, the secondary system refers to a system that can be added to or deleted from the multi-RAT network if necessary. Furthermore, the secondary system can be used for the transmission and reception of data which basically requires a higher bandwidth (BW). Accordingly, a specific flow (QoS) can be mapped for the use of the secondary system. 
     Here, a base station of the secondary system, for example, an access point (AP) can operate like an MS having capabilities capable of communicating with the primary system. 
     Furthermore, in a multi-RAT network, the primary system and the secondary system are associated with each other in a wired or wireless manner. That is, a base station in the primary system and a base station in the secondary system can be associated with each other over a backbone network ( FIG. 1(   b )) can be associated with each other wirelessly ( FIG. 1(   a )). 
     Hereinafter, it is assumed that the primary system is a WiMAX system and a secondary system is a Wi-Fi system unless otherwise described, for convenience of description. Accordingly, a base station corresponding to the primary system is called a ‘base station or ABS’, and a base station corresponding to the secondary system is called an ‘AP’. Furthermore, access to the primary system can be used as the same meaning as access to the base station or the ABS, and access to the secondary system can be used as the same meaning as access to the AP. 
       FIG. 2  is a flowchart showing a method of a multi-RAT MS transmitting and receiving data through a primary system and a secondary system. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , the multi-RAT MS performs an initial network entry process with the base station (S 210 ). 
     The multi-RAT MS sends an indicator, indicating that the multi-RAT MS is an MS supporting multi-RAT, to the base station through the initial entry process with the base station. Here, the indicator can be a multi-RAT MS capability field. Furthermore, the indicator, that is, the multi-RAT MS capability field, can have a size of one bit. 
     Furthermore, the indicator can be transmitted through a registration procedure performed during the initial network entry process with the base station. In this case, the indicator can be transmitted to the base station through a registration request or registration response (REG-REQ/RSP) message. 
     For example, when the indicator is set to ‘1’, it indicates that an MS is an MS supporting multi-RAT. When the indicator is set to ‘0’, it indicates that an MS is an MS not supporting multi-RAT. 
     Furthermore, when an REG-REQ message or an REG-RSP message including the indicator (e.g., set to ‘1’) indicative of capabilities supporting multi-RAT is received from the multi-RAT MS, the base station may send information, notifying that an additional multi-RAT capability negotiation process for supporting the multi-RAT MS will be performed, to the multi-RAT MS after the initial network entry process is finished or after a lapse of some time. 
     For example, when the notification information is set to ‘1’, it indicates that the base station and the multi-RAT MS perform an additional capability negotiation process in order to support multi-RAT. When the notification information is set to ‘0’, it indicates that an additional capability negotiation process does not need to be performed. 
     Next, if the multi-RAT MS finishes the initial network entry process with the base station, the multi-RAT MS and the base station perform a multi-RAT capability negotiation process (S 220 ). Here, the multi-RAT capability negotiation process is commonly performed after a network (re)entry process is finished, but can be performed during a network (re)entry process with the base station. 
     For example, if the multi-RAT capability negotiation process is performed during the network (re)entry process, the multi-RAT MS and the base station can perform the multi-RAT capability negotiation process through the registration procedure process of the base station and the multi-RAT MS. In this case, the multi-RAT MS and the base station transmit and receive pieces of information regarding a multi-RAT capability negotiation through REG-REQ/REG-RSP messages. 
     The multi-RAT capability negotiation process of the multi-RAT MS and the primary system are described in more detail later with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
     Next, the multi-RAT MS performs an AP scanning process for access to the secondary system based on information related to the secondary system received from the base station (S 230 ). 
     Here, the multi-RAT MS performs a scanning process on neighbor APs periodically or in an event-triggered way for access to the secondary system. 
     First, it is assumed that association with all data transmitted to the multi-RAT MS is performed through a dynamic service (DSx) procedure with the base station of the primary system and communication with the secondary system of the multi-RAT MS sends data regarding a specific flow to the secondary system under the determination of the base station of the primary system. 
     It is also assumed that the scanning of the secondary system of the multi-RAT MS on the APs is performed under the instruction of the base station of the secondary system. This is for the power saving of the multi-RAT MS. 
     The AP scanning process of the multi-RAT MS for access to the secondary system can be performed through a process of receiving a multi-RAT scan command message from the base station, performing the scanning based on the received multi-RAT scan command message, and sending a multi-RAT scan report message for reporting a result of the executed scanning to the base station. 
     The scanning process for access to the secondary system of the multi-RAT MS is described in detail later with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
     Next, the multi-RAT MS performs a management (or operation) procedure with the secondary system (S 240 ). Here, the management procedure with the secondary system refers to processes, such as association, disassociation, and re-association with the secondary system of the multi-RAT MS. Here, the management procedure of the secondary system is controlled by the primary system. 
     After performing the association procedure with the secondary system, the multi-RAT MS transmit and receive data through the AP of the secondary system. 
     Here, in order to access the secondary system, the multi-RAT MS has to receive an acknowledgement response for the access to the secondary system from the primary system. 
     That is, as described above, the base station selects an AP that the multi-RAT MS accesses and checks the state of the selected AP before the multi-RAT MS sends the acknowledgement response to the access to the secondary system to the multi-RAT MS. If, as a result of the check, the access to the selected AP is possible, the base station can send information about the multi-RAT MS to the selected AP in advance. 
     Furthermore, when the base station sends an acknowledge response to the multi-RAT MS, the based station can also send information that is necessary or useful for the multi-RAT MS to access the AP. 
     For example, the necessary or useful information can be an SSID, the MAC address of the AP, WEP key, or channel number (or frequency information), the protocol version (11a/b/n . . . ) of the AP, and offset information between a beacon and the frames of the base station (a relative location of the beacon is indicated by a difference with a specific frame time and transmitted). 
     Furthermore, if the multi-RAT MS recognizes that the multi-RAT MS has entered the coverage of the secondary system as a result of the executed scanning on the AP for the access to the secondary system, the multi-RAT MS may request access to the secondary system to the base station of the primary system. 
     A message necessary for the management procedure of the secondary system can include the following messages. 
     1. A secondary system request (SS_REQ) message 
     :is used for the multi-RAT MS to request access to the AP. 
     2. A secondary system command (SS_CMD) message 
     :is a message used to manage access to the AP and is used for association, disassociation, or re-association with or from the AP. 
     3. A secondary system indication (SS_IND) message 
     :is a message used as a response to the secondary system command message and is used for the multi-RAT MS to inform the base station of an association success, a disassociation success, or a re-association success with the AP. 
     Next, if the access to the AP of the secondary system is successful, the multi-RAT MS is able to transmit and receive data to and from the primary system and transmit and receive data to and from the secondary system at the same time. Here, the data transmitted and received to and from the multi-RAT MS through the AP is controlled by the primary system. 
     Multi-RAT Capability Negotiation Process 
     A multi-RAT capability negotiation process between the multi-RAT MS and the base station is described in detail below. 
       FIG. 3  is a flowchart showing a multi-RAT capability negotiation process between the multi-RAT MS and a primary system. 
     S 210  and S 230 ˜S 240  are the same as the contents of  FIG. 2 , thus a description thereof is omitted, and only a step S 220  is described in detail below. 
     As described above, the multi-RAT capability negotiation process between the multi-RAT MS and the base station is performed after network (re)entry. 
     Here, in the case of the network re-entry, the multi-RAT capability negotiation process can be omitted. This is because to perform the same procedure already performed when the multi-RAT MS re-enters the same system over a network generates an unnecessary overhead because capability negotiations for multi-RAT have already been performed through the initial network entry procedure between the multi-RAT MS and the base station. 
     Furthermore, in the case of a handover (HO), a target base station of the primary system can perform multi-RAT capability negotiations with the multi-RAT MS in advance over a backbone network from the serving base station of the primary system. 
     A process of the multi-RAT MS performing the multi-RAT capability negotiation process with the primary system can be as follows. 
     First, the base station can send information related to the secondary system to the multi-RAT MS (S 221 ). That is, if the base station has common information about the APs of the secondary system that have to be received by the multi-RAT MS, the base station can send the AP information to the multi-RAT MS in a broadcast or unicast way. 
     Here, the information related to the secondary system refers to information about a heterogeneous system that belongs to the same coverage as the primary system. Here, the multi-RAT MS may not need to know all secondary systems included in the primary system and information related to the secondary systems. In this case, the base station does not send all pieces of information about the secondary systems and related to the secondary systems, but can send a list of pieces of information related to (necessary for) the multi-RAT MS to the multi-RAT MS in a unicast way. In this case, the list can be transmitted in the multi-RAT capability negotiation process. 
     Next, the multi-RAT MS sends a multi-system capability request message to the base station (S 222 ). The multi-system capability request message can include, for example, the 802.11 MAC address of the MS, existing access AP information, and protocol version information of 802.11. The 802.11MAC address is necessary for authentication information. If the existing access AP information is included in the multi-system capability request message, the multi-system capability request message is transmitted to only a base station to which the existing access AP belongs. 
     Next, the base station sends a multi-system capability response message to the multi-RAT MS in response to the multi-system capability request message (S 223 ). 
     The multi-system capability response message can include information about candidate APs. 
     Furthermore, if the multi-RAT MS enters idle mode, the base station can store information, obtained through the multi-RAT capability negotiation process with the multi-RAT MS, for a certain time. That is, the base station can newly define a multi-RAT information maintenance timer, can store the obtained information until the multi-RAT information maintenance timer expires, and can discard the obtained information after the timer expires. 
     Accordingly, if the multi-RAT MS performs network re-entry into the base station before the multi-RAT information maintenance timer expires, the multi-RAT capability negotiation process can be omitted. 
     Secondary System Scanning Process 
     A scanning process on the secondary system of the multi-RAT MS is described in detail below. 
       FIG. 4  is a flowchart showing a multi-RAT MS performing a scanning process on a secondary system. 
     S 210 ˜S 220  and S 240  are the same as the contents of  FIG. 2 , thus a description thereof is omitted, and only a step S 230  is described in detail below. 
     First, if the base station determines to communicate a specific data flow by using Wi-Fi, the base station instructs the multi-RAT MS to perform scanning on neighbor APs. 
     That is, the base station sends a multi-RAT scan command message (multi-RAT_SCN-CMD) to the multi-RAT MS (S 231 ). In this case, the multi-RAT scan command message can include the SSIDs of the neighbor APs, a beacon transmission period, and scanning interval information so that the multi-RAT MS can rapidly detect the neighbor APs. 
     Here, the scanning of the multi-RAT MS may not be performed in response to an instruction of the base station as described above, but the multi-RAT MS may directly request scanning for access to the secondary system to the base station of the primary system. In this case, the multi-RAT MS and the base station can perform scanning on the neighbor APs through probe request/response transmission/reception processes. 
     Here, the multi-RAT MS performs the scanning for access to the secondary system even in a process for transmitting and receiving data with the base station of the primary system. In this case, the multi-RAT MS may indicate only an SCN-REP transmission method through the SCN-CMD message without setting a scanning interval with the base station. 
     That is, if the multi-RAT scan command message is received from the base station, the multi-RAT MS performs scanning on APs neighbor to the multi-RAT MS based on information included in the received multi-RAT scan command message (S 232 ). Here, the neighbor APs of the multi-RAT MS can be the APs of the secondary system within the coverage of the base station of the primary system. 
     Next, the multi-RAT MS sends a multi-RAT scan report (SCN-REP) message to the base station of the primary system (S 233 ). That is, the multi-RAT MS sends a result of the scanning into detected APs to the base station. In this case, the multi-RAT MS can also send the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of each AP or information about APs preferred by the multi-RAT MS. 
     For example, if scan report mode within a multi-RAT scan command message most recently received from the base station is set to ‘0b10’, the multi-RAT MS can send the multi-RAT scan report message to the base station in an event-triggered way. 
     In this case, if a scan report trigger condition is satisfied, the multi-RAT MS sends the multi-RAT scan report message to the base station. 
     For another example, the multi-RAT MS can report a scan result to the base station on a time defined in the multi-RAT scan command message other than a scanning interval for a periodic scan report (e.g., when report mode is set to ‘0b01’) or for one scan report (e.g., when report mode is set to ‘0b11’). 
     Furthermore, if the multi-RAT MS periodically sends a scan report to the base station, the multi-RAT MS can stop a report on scanning results for an AP after all scanning intervals within the multi-RAT scan command message. 
     Furthermore, the multi-RAT scan report message includes all available scanning results for requested APs defined in the multi-RAT scan command message. 
     In order to report a scanning result to the base station anytime or to receive a multi-RAT-neighbor advertising message having system information about a requested system and optionally system information about other RATs in which the base station is determined to be neighbor to the multi-RAT MS from the base station in a unicast way, the multi-RAT MS can send the multi-RAT scan report message to the base station. 
     Furthermore, the multi-RAT MS can instruct the base station to filter a list of neighbor secondary systems based on a requested radio type by including a neighbor request RAT type indicator and/or SSIDs (or BSSID or a MAC address) in the scan report message. 
     Next, if scanning results for a plurality of APs are received from the multi-RAT MS, that is, the multi-RAT scan report message is received, the base station can select an optimum system, that is, an AP, by taking the same operator, the priority of an MS, channel quality, load balancing, or transmitted traffic into consideration and inform the multi-RAT MS of the selected optimum system. 
     As another embodiment, in order to perform a scanning process on the secondary system, the multi-RAT MS can use existing transmitted and received messages instead of the multi-RAT scan command/report message defined above. Here, if the multi-RAT MS performs scanning on the secondary system by using the existing message, the existing message includes information indicating that the scanning of the multi-RAT MS is for transmitting and receiving data by using a multi-RAT system. That is, a target to be scanned by the multi-RAT MS can be indicated by newly defining a field capable of indicating the SSID, BSSID, or MAC address of a target system. 
     After performing the association procedure with the secondary system, the multi-RAT MS transmits and receives data to and from the secondary system. Here, association, disassociation, and re-association with the secondary system correspond to the operation (or management) process of the secondary system. Furthermore, the primary system controls the operation of the secondary system. 
     Here, in order to access the secondary system, the multi-RAT MS has to receive an acknowledgement response to the access to the secondary system from the primary system. 
     That is, as described above, the base station selects an AP that the multi-RAT MS will access and checks the state of the selected AP before the multi-RAT MS sends an acknowledgement response to the access to the secondary system. If, as a result of the check, the access to the selected AP is possible, the base station sends information about the multi-RAT MS to the selected AP in advance. 
     Furthermore, when the base station sends an acknowledgement response to the multi-RAT MS, the base station can also send information that is necessary or useful for the multi-RAT MS to access the AP. 
     For example, the necessary or useful information can be an SSID, the MAC address of the AP, WEP key, or channel number (or frequency information), the protocol version (11a/b/n . . . ) of the AP, and offset information between a beacon and the frames of the base station (a relative location of the beacon is indicated by a difference with a specific frame time and transmitted). 
     Furthermore, if the multi-RAT MS recognizes that the multi-RAT MS has entered the coverage of the secondary system as a result of executed scanning on the AP for the access to the secondary system, the multi-RAT MS may request access to the secondary system to the base station of the primary system. 
     Secondary System Management 
     An operation (or management) method of the secondary system is described in detail below. Here, the operation of the secondary system refers to association or disassociation between the secondary system and the multi-RAT MS and re-association between the multi-RAT MS and the secondary system, and the operation of the secondary system is controlled by the base station, that is, the primary system. 
     As an example of the operation method of the secondary system, a process of the multi-RAT MS accessing (or associating with) the secondary system, that is, a process of the multi-RAT MS adding the secondary system and transmitting and receiving data to and from the primary system and the secondary system at the same time, is described. 
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart showing a process of adding a secondary system, that is, a process of a multi-RAT MS accessing the secondary system, in an operation method of the secondary system. 
     S 210 ˜S 230  are the same as the contents of  FIG. 2 , thus a description thereof is omitted, and only a step S 240  is described in detail below. 
     In order to access the secondary system, the multi-RAT MS or the base station can perform a multi-RAT association request. In this case, the multi-RAT MS or the base station can perform a multi-RAT association request process through a secondary system association request/response message. 
     If a secondary system is added at the request of the multi-RAT MS, when the multi-RAT MS detects the secondary system satisfying a specific condition by performing scanning, the multi-RAT MS can request association with the secondary system to the base station by sending a secondary system request message to the base station. 
     Furthermore, if a secondary system is added at the request of the base station, when the base station detects that specific flow association is generated in the multi-RAT MS, the base station checks the state of an AP that can be accessed to the multi-RAT MS (S 241 ). 
     If, as a result of the check, access to the multi-RAT MS is possible, the base station can instruct association between the multi-RAT MS and the secondary system by sending a secondary system access command message to the multi-RAT MS (S 242 ). 
     Here, control of the multi-RAT MS for accessing multi-RAT, that is, the transmission of control information, is performed by the base station of the primary system. In this case, QoS for corresponding data has only to comply with a method supported by a primary system because the multi-RAT MS simply performs data transmission and reception with the secondary system. In this case, the transmission of the control information can be performed through the secondary system access command message. 
     Here, the secondary system access command message can include information about a selected AP, information about a flow transmitted to the secondary system, and an authentication method (an open system or a shared key). From  FIG. 5 , it can be seen that information about a selected AP is an AP 2. 
     Next, the multi-RAT MS completes access to a specific AP and a traffic stream (TS) configuration with reference to AP information within the secondary system command message in response to an access command of the secondary system of the base station (S 243 ). For example, an ADDTS request/response process of 802.11e can be performed. 
     Next, the multi-RAT MS informs the base station of a result of an association success for the specific AP (S 244 ). 
     From  FIG. 5 , it can be seen that the multi-RAT MS informs the base station of the association success for the AP 2. 
     In this case, the association success can be performed through a secondary system indication (SS_IND) message. The secondary system indication message can include a result of the mapping of a flow ID (FID) and an association ID (AID)/traffic stream ID (TSID) for a corresponding flow. 
     Next, the multi-RAT MS transmits and receives data for a specific flow through the secondary system. That is, the multi-RAT MS transmits and receives data to and from the primary system and the secondary system at the same time according to a data flow (S 245 ). 
     That is, in the case of DL data, the base station sends the DL data to the multi-RAT MS through the AP. 
     Furthermore, in the case of UL data, data for a specific flow ID indicated by the base station is transmitted through the secondary system, for example, over a WLAN. 
     Furthermore, the multi-RAT MS can perform re-association or disassociation with the AP by transmitting and receiving the secondary system command/indication messages to and from the base station. 
     Furthermore, if the multi-RAT MS gets out of the secondary system, for example, a WLAN coverage while transmitting and receiving data to and from the AP and there is no neighbor AP nearby, the base station can control seamless flow mobility between the AP and the base station so that the data transmitted to and received from the AP is seamlessly transmitted through the base station of the primary system. 
     Furthermore, if the multi-RAT MS detects a neighbor AP while transmitting and receiving data to and from the AP of the secondary system, the base station can perform control so that the data now being transmitted to and received from the multi-RAT MS is seamlessly transmitted from the AP to the neighbor AP. 
     A method of releasing (or dissociating) the secondary system is described below. 
     If the multi-RAT MS determines that a channel state with the secondary system now being accessed thereto is not good, the multi-RAT MS performs scanning on neighbor secondary systems. Here, as described above, the scanning can be performed in response to an instruction of the base station, or the multi-RAT MS can perform the scanning autonomously. 
     If the multi-RAT MS determines that there is no detected secondary system as a result of the scanning into the neighbor secondary systems, the multi-RAT MS dissociates the secondary system now being accessed thereto. 
     In this case, if data corresponding to a specific flow of the primary system is being transmitted and received through the secondary system and the MS is unable to perform an HO to a neighbor AP secondary system, the base station has to support multi-RAT seamless flow mobility so that seamless flow mobility can be performed without a data loss for the corresponding flow. 
     Or, in this case, when the multi-RAT MS completes the transmission of data transmitted to and received from the secondary system, the base station can release association with the secondary system. 
     The re-association (e.g., a handover to a neighbor AP) of the secondary system is described below. 
     Here, it may be assumed that the re-association of the secondary system, that is, a handover between secondary systems, is performed on only specific association. 
     Here, the re-association of the secondary system, that is, a handover between the secondary systems, is seamlessly performed through the primary system. 
     If the multi-RAT MS determines that the channel state of the secondary system now being accessed thereto is not good, the multi-RAT MS or the base station can release association with the secondary system now being accessed thereto and request a handover (HO) to another secondary system. 
     That is, the base station informs the multi-RAT MS that there is no longer data transmitted and received through a current serving secondary system by sending an SS-CMD message to the multi-RAT MS. Next, the base station instructs the multi-RAT MS to transmit and receive existing transmitted data through the primary system. If the transmission of the existing data is completed, the base station instructs the multi-RAT MS to transmit and receive data to and from a new secondary system. That is, a seamless handover between the secondary systems can be performed through the primary system. 
     Furthermore, when the multi-RAT MS performs a handover between primary systems, if the coverage of the secondary system is located at the boundary of the primary systems, the multi-RAT MS can perform a handover between the primary systems seamlessly by using the secondary system. 
     Furthermore, if the multi-RAT MS moves within the primary system, for example, WiMAX coverage at high moving speed, the base station can instruct the multi-RAT MS not to perform association with the secondary system although the multi-RAT MS has entered the coverage of the secondary system. That is, this management of the secondary system can be performed based on the speed of the multi-RAT MS. 
     The method of transmitting and receiving data for a multi-RAT MS with a first and second systems by transmitting information related to traffic characteristics (service flow or service quality type information) favoring communication with a specific system will be described in more detail. 
       FIG. 6  is a flowchart showing a method for transmitting, by multi-RAT, to a base station information related to traffic preferred by the multi-RAT MS to communicate with a specific system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , the multi-RAT MS transmits to the base station (ABS) the information related to traffic favoring communication with a specific system (S 610 ). At this step, the information related to traffic means a parameter value used for determining traffic characteristics of a service flow, the information representing a quality of service (QoS) type or a specific system favored to communicate by a specific service flow. In other words, the parameter value used for determining traffic characteristics can be the value such as a traffic rate or a latency that a certain system can allow, or information representing the QoS type mapped to the specific system which the multi-RAT MS favors to communicate. 
     Also, the specific system can be a base station (ABS) or AP, or one of multiple APs when the multi-RAT MS is associated with multiple APs. 
     As one example, the information related to traffic can represent favor of communication with the first system (ABS) when the service flow is ‘0’ and communication with the system (AP) when the service flow is ‘1’, as shown in  FIG. 6 . 
     At this step, the information related to traffic can be transmitted through the multi-RAT capability negotiation process between the multi-RAT MS and the base station or dynamic service process (e.g., addition/change). At this step, when the information is transmitted through the multi-RAT capability negotiation process, the information related to traffic can be transmitted through the multiple capability request message. 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , the multi-RAT MS transmits and receives data with the base station before connected to the AP (S 620 ). 
     Then, the multi-RAT MS is changed to the AP through the steps S 210  to S 240  shown in  FIGS. 2-5  (S 630 ). It is assumed below that the multi-RAT MS is connected to the base station and AP. 
     Afterwards, the base station can let the multi-RAT MS to communicate the data through the base station or the AP based on the information related to traffic received from the multi-RAT MS. In other words, the base station transmits and receives data directly with the multi-RAT MS when the data (or traffic) corresponds to the service flow ‘0’ (S 640 ). 
     Also, the base station can let the multi-RAT MS to communicate with the AP for data corresponding to the service flow is ‘1’ (S 650 ). As one example, when data corresponding to the service flow ‘1’ is generated, communication of data between the multi-RAT MS and AP can be possible by transmitting, by the base station, the generated data to the AP. Also, the base station can make communication of data between the multi-RAT MS and the AP possible by requesting the data corresponding to the service flow ‘1’ directly transferred to the AP through a higher layer of the base station and/or the AP. 
     As one example, the method the multi-RAT MS transmits and receives data with the first and second systems when traffic which is specific to a certain service flow is occurred in the base station will be described. 
     When traffic which is specific to a certain service flow is occurred, the base station makes it possible for the base station or the AP and the multi-RAT MS to communicate the data based on the information related to traffic received from the multi-RAT MS. Describing with reference to the above example, the base station, when it decides that the generated traffic corresponds to the service flow ‘0’, performs communication directly with the multi-RAT MS for the generated traffic. 
     Also, the base station, when it decides that the generated traffic corresponds to the service flow ‘1’, transmits the generated traffic to the AP. Then, the AP performs communication with the multi-RAT MS for the traffic received from the base station. 
     In other words, the base station determines whether to perform communication directly with the multi-RAT MS or to transmit to the AP on the data corresponding to the specific service flow or the specific service quality type according to the information related to traffic which the multi-RAT MS transmits to the base station. 
       FIG. 7  is a flowchart showing a method for a multi-RAT MS of transmitting and receiving data through a first system and a second system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     The step S 740  is the same as the step S 230  of  FIGS. 2-5 , and its detailed description is omitted. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , in step S 710 , the multi-RAT MS performs the initial network entry process with the base station (ABS) (S 710 ). At this step, the multi-RAT MS and base station can, through the initial network entry process, inform each other of the fact that each of them supports multi-RAT. 
     The information informing the support of multi-RAT by the multi-RAT MS or the base station can be transferred through a registration request message or a registration response (REG-REQ/RSP) message. 
     In step S 720 , the multi-RAT MS performs a multi-RAT capability negotiation process with the base station (ABS) in order to access the AP (S 720 ). At this step, the multi-RAT MS transmits, to the base station, the control information representing characteristics of specific traffic or a specific quality of service type (QoS Type) favored to communicate the data through the AP (S 721 ). At this step, the control information can be transferred though multiple system request message. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , when the control information represents the service whose traffic characteristics requires data rate of more than 10 Mbps, the service flow generated to transfer traffic fulfilling this requirement represents the favor to be transmitted through the AP. 
     The service whose traffic characteristics requires data rate of more than 10 Mbps corresponds to an embodiment of the present invention and the traffic characteristics can represent a QoS type value such as best effort. 
     Also, the multi-RAT MS can communicate with the base station on the data for a service flow whose traffic characteristics does not requires data rate of more than 10 Mbps, and can communicate through the AP based on the determination of the base station. 
     The multi-RAT MS can transmit and receive data of service flow ‘0’ with the base station. 
     Afterwards, the multi-RAT MS and the base station can newly generate service flow ‘1’ requiring data rate of more than 10 Mbps through dynamic service addition process (S 730 ). 
     Afterwards, the multi-RAT MS communicates data corresponding to the newly generated service flow ‘1’ through the steps S 740  and S 750 . 
     Describing the step S 750  in more detail, the base station accesses to AP 2 through the multi-RAT MS, and, as for the service flow ‘1’, transmits a second system command message (SS-CMD) indicating communication of data with the AP 2 to the multi-RAT MS (S 751 ). At this step, the information indicating communication of data with the AP 2 for the service flow ‘1’ included in the SS-CMD message means confirmation of the control information transmitted to the base station by the multi-RAT MS. 
     Afterwards, the multi-RAT MS accesses to the AP 2 (S 752 ), and transmits a second system confirming message (SS-IND) informing the base station of the success of accessing to the AP 2 (S 753 ). 
     Then, the multi-RAT MS, in the case of data corresponding to the service flow ‘0’, communicates with the base station (S 754 ), and, in the case data corresponding to the service flow ‘1’, communicates with the AP 2 (S 755 ). 
       FIG. 8  is a flowchart showing a method for a multi-RAT MS to transmit and receive data through a first system and a second system according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
     The steps of S 810 , S 820  and S 840  are the same as the steps of S 210 , S 220  and S 230  shown in  FIGS. 2-5 , and detailed description will be omitted. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , in step S 830 , the multi-RAT MS performs dynamic service addition or change (DSA or DSC) process with the base station (ABS), which adds service flow ‘1’ or changes to service flow ‘1’ (S 830 ). At this step, the multi-RAT MS transmits control information favoring communication of data with specific system for the newly added or changed service flow to the base station (S 831 ). Here, the control information means the information representing specific service flow or specific service quality type (QoS Type). Here, the specific system can mean the first system, the second system or one second system among multiple second systems. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , the control information, if representing the service flow ‘1’, the service flow ‘1’ represents the favor of transmission and reception through the second system (AP). 
     Then, the multi-RAT MS transmits and receives data corresponding to the newly added or changed service flow ‘1’ through the steps of S 840  and S 850  with the AP 2 (S 855 ). 
     Describing the step S 850  in more detail, the base station accesses to the AP 2 through the multi-RAT MS, and transmits a second system command message (SS-CMD) indicating communication of data with the AP 2 for the service flow ‘1’ to the multi-RAT MS (S 851 ). Similarly, the information included in the SS-CMD message, which indicates data transmission and reception with the AP 2 for the service flow ‘1’, means confirmation on the control information transmitted to the base station by the multi-RAT MS. 
     Then, the multi-RAT MS accesses to the AP 2 (S 852 ), and transmits a second system confirming message (SS-IND) informing the base station of the connection to the AP 2 (S 853 ). 
     Afterwards, the multi-RAT MS transmits and receives the data corresponding to the service flow ‘1’ with the AP 2 simultaneously while communicating the data with the base station (S 854 , S 855 ). 
     The embodiments and modifications described above may be combined with one another. Accordingly, each embodiment may be made alone or in combination, as necessary. Such combination may be easily made by those skilled in the art, and thus, the detailed description thereof is skipped. Although no further description is provided, such combinations are not excluded from the present invention, and should be construed as included in the present invention. 
     The above-described embodiments and modifications may be made by various means, for example, in hardware, firmware, software, or in a combination thereof. 
     When implemented in hardware, the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied by one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, or microprocessors. 
     When implemented in firmware or software, the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention may be embodied in modules, procedures or functions that perform the above-described functions or operations. The software codes may be stored in a memory unit and driven by a processor. The memory unit may be positioned in or outside of the processor and may transmit or receive data to/from the processor by various known means. 
     For example, the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention may be stored in a storage medium (for example, an internal memory, a flash memory, a hard disk, etc.) and may be implemented as codes or commands in a software program that may be executed by a processor (for example, a microprocessor). This will be described with reference to  FIG. 7 . 
       FIG. 9  is a block diagram showing internal structures of an MS and a BS in a wireless access system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     An MS  10  includes a controller  11 , a memory  12 , and a radio frequency (RF) unit  13 . 
     The MS  10  can be fixed or mobile and can be called another terminology, such as user equipment (UE), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station (SS), a wireless device, or an advanced mobile station (AMS). Furthermore, the MS includes the multi-RAT MS. 
     Further, the MS also includes a display unit, a user interface unit, etc. 
     The controller  11  implements the proposed functions, procedures, and/or methods. Layers of a wireless interface protocol may be implemented by the controller  11 . 
     The memory  12  is coupled to the controller  11 , and stores a protocol or parameter for performing wireless communication. That is, the memory  12  stores an operating system of the MS, an application, and a general file. 
     The RF unit  13  is coupled to the controller  11 , and transmits and/or receives an RF signal. 
     In addition, the display unit displays a variety of information of the MS, and may be a well-known element such as liquid crystal display (LCD), organic light emitting diodes (OLED), etc. The user interface unit may be constructed by combining well-known user interfaces such as a keypad, a touch screen, etc. 
     A BS  20 ,  30  includes a controller  21 , a memory  22 , and an RF unit  23 . 
     Here, the base station  20 ,  30  commonly refers to a fixed station communicating with the MS, and the base station can be called another terminology, such as a NodeB, a base transceiver system (BTS), or an access point. One or more cell can be present in one base station. 
     The controller  21  implements the proposed functions, procedures, and/or methods. Layers of a wireless interface protocol may be implemented by the controller  21 . 
     The memory  22  is coupled to the controller  21 , and stores a protocol or parameter for performing wireless communication. 
     The RF unit  23  is coupled to the controller  21 , and transmits and/or receives an RF signal. 
     The controllers  11  and  21  may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a separate chipset, a logic circuit, and/or a data processing unit. The memories  12  and  22  may include a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and/or other equivalent storage devices. The RF units  13  and  23  may include a baseband circuit for processing an RF signal. When the embodiment of the present invention is implemented in software, the aforementioned methods can be implemented with a module (i.e., process, function, etc.) for performing the aforementioned functions. The module may be stored in the memories  12  and  22  and may be performed by the controllers  11  and  21 . 
     The memories  12  and  22  may be located inside or outside the controllers  11  and  21 , and may be coupled to the controllers  11  and  21  by using various well-known means. 
     In addition, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains, and should not be interpreted as having an excessively comprehensive meaning nor as having an excessively contracted meaning. If technical terms used herein is erroneous that fails to accurately express the technical idea of the present invention, it should be replaced with technical terms that allow the person in the art to properly understand. The general terms used herein should be interpreted according to the definitions in the dictionary or in the context and should not be interpreted as an excessively contracted meaning. 
     As used herein, the singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present application, it is to be understood that the terms such as “including” or “having,” etc., are intended to indicate the existence of the features, numbers, operations, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to preclude the possibility that one or more other features, numbers, operations, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof may exist or may be added. 
     It will be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” are used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first component may be termed a second component, and similarly, a second component may be termed a first component without departing from the scope of the present invention. 
     When a component is mentioned as being “connected” to or “accessing” another component, this may mean that it is directly connected to or accessing the other component, but it is to be understood that there are no intervening components present. On the other hand, when a component is mentioned as being “directly connected” to or “directly accessing” another component, it is to be understood that there are no intervening components present. 
     The following embodiments correspond to combinations of elements and features of the present invention in prescribed forms. And, it is able to consider that the respective elements or features are selective unless they are explicitly mentioned. Each of the elements or features can be implemented in a form failing to be combined with other elements or features. Moreover, it is able to implement an embodiment of the present invention by combining elements and/or features together in part. A sequence of operations explained for each embodiment of the present invention can be modified. Some configurations or features of one embodiment can be included in another embodiment or can be substituted for corresponding configurations or features of another embodiment. It is apparently understandable that claims failing to be explicitly cited in the appended claims are combined to construct new embodiments or can be included as new claims by amendment after filing the application.