Abstract:
A cleaning apparatus for cleaning measuring probes ( 18 ) of a gas turbine engine ( 1 ). The invention further relates to a method for cleaning measuring probes ( 18 ) of an gas turbine engine ( 1 ). The apparatus comprises distribution means ( 30 ) comprising a plurality of supply means ( 31, 32, 33 ), each comprising connection means ( 33 ) arranged for connection to a probe ( 18 ), and each supply means ( 31, 32, 33 ) being arranged to, when connected to a probe ( 18 ), distribute pressurized cleaning liquid to said measuring probe ( 18 ), wherein a substantially simultaneous cleaning of probes connected to said distribution means ( 30 ) via said supply means ( 31, 32, 33 ) can be obtained.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This is a §371 of International Application No. PCT/SE2005/000072, with an international filing date of Jan. 25, 2005 (WO 2006/080868, published Aug. 3, 2006), incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to the field of cleaning gas turbine engines installed onboard aircraft, and more specifically a method and apparatus for cleaning a set of measuring probes for engine pressure ratio indication (EPR Indicator) of such gas turbine engines. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    A gas turbine aircraft engine comprises of a compressor compressing ambient air, a combustor burning fuel together with the compressed air and a turbine for powering the compressor. The expanding combustion gases drive the turbine and also result in thrust for propelling the aircraft. 
         [0004]    A gas turbine aircraft engine is equipped with various sensors for measuring the performance of the engine. One of many parameters measured is the engine pressure ratio (EPR). The EPR is a widely used parameter used for engine thrust settling. EPR is derived from gas pressure sensors installed in the engines gas path. One typical installation of EPR sensors is immediately downstream of the last stage of the turbine. In this position, the sensors are exposed to the exhaust gases of the engine. Exhaust gases comprises air and combustion products. Specifically, the exhaust gases contain particles in form of un-combusted fuel and combustion products such as coke and ash. Further the exhaust gases contain air foreign particles. Small particles have the ability to find their way into cavities of objects in the gas path such as the air passage of the probe for pressure measurement used in EPR estimates. Particles entering the probe may partially block the air passage and thereby restrict the air flow. Particles entering the probe may totally block the passage to the sensors. A partially blocked or totally blocked passage results in a false pressure indication or no pressure indication at all. To restore the probe to prime working condition, the aircraft maintenance procedure calls for dismantling the probe from the engine and have it cleaned or replaced with a replacement probe. This is a time consuming and costly operation due to the fact that there are multiple of these probes on each engine and in case of improper instrument reading all probes will have to be removed and cleaned. 
         [0005]    In actual aircraft installations there are multiple probes. Each one is connected via a conduit to a manifold which in turn is connected to a pressure sensing device. The pressure sensing device generates a signal to a pressure ratio transmitter which in turn delivers a signal to the EPR instrument. The use of multiple probes allows for one or a portion of the probes being blocked without giving a false EPR reading. However, when instable EPR instrument readings are observed it is often an indication that probes are blocked. 
         [0006]    According to aircraft maintenance routines a blocked probe is put into service again by a replacement probe or by cleaning the blocked probe. Cleaning may be the preferred action for reason of saving costs as the same probe is used again. Cleaning is conducted by dismantling the probe from the engine and cleaning according to a cleaning procedure. 
         [0007]    Consequently, there is a great need of a method and an apparatus that provides for an efficient, both in terms of cleaning efficiency and time consumption, and cost-saving cleaning of a set of measuring probes of a gas turbine engine of an aircraft. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus that enables an efficient, both in terms of cleaning efficiency and time consumption, and cost-saving cleaning of a set of measuring probes of a gas turbine engine of an aircraft. This and other objects are achieved according to the present invention by providing a method and an apparatus having the features of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. 
         [0009]    For purposes of clarity, engine pressure ratio (EPR) is a widely used parameter used for monitoring engine performance. EPR is derived from measuring the air pressure by sensors installed in the engines gas path. A first measuring point used for EPR estimates is immediately downstream of the last stage of the turbine. A second measuring point is immediately upstream of the compressor inlet of the engine. 
         [0010]    According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for cleaning measuring probes of an gas turbine engine. The apparatus comprises distribution means comprising a plurality of supply means, each comprising connection means arranged for connection to a probe, and each supply means being arranged to, when connected to a probe, distribute pressurized cleaning liquid to the measuring probe, wherein a substantially simultaneous cleaning of probes connected to the distribution means via the supply means can be obtained. 
         [0011]    According to second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for cleaning for cleaning measuring probes of an gas turbine engine. The method comprises the step of distributing pressurized cleaning liquid to said probes by means of a plurality of supply means, each comprising connection means arranged for connection to a probe, and each being arranged to, when connected to a probe, distribute pressurized cleaning liquid to the measuring probe, wherein a substantially simultaneous cleaning of probes connected to the distribution means can be obtained. 
         [0012]    The present invention is based on the idea of use of a distributor with individual flow lines connectable to individual probes. Thereby, the individual probes can be cleaned substantially simultaneously by injecting a wash liquid at high pressure whereby foreign particles are released and removed out of the probes thereby clearing the air passage of the probes. This is an advantage compared to the conventional engine maintenance routines where it is necessary to clean each of the EPR pressure measurement probes individually and individually confirm that the air passage is clear. 
         [0013]    Another advantage is that the cleaning the EPR pressure measurement probes can be done without dismantling the probes from the engine, which is an improvement compared to established routines. Thereby, the time consuming and costly operation of dismantling the probes can be avoided 
         [0014]    Accordingly, this invention significantly reduces the time and costs for cleaning of blocked probes. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0015]    The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which 
           [0016]      FIG. 1  shows the cross section of a single shaft turbofan engine. 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  shows EPR probes and their connection to the EPR instrument. 
           [0018]      FIG. 3  shows the hardware used for practicing the invention. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0019]    The invention disclosed herein is exemplified by its application on a single shaft turbofan engine. The invention is equally applicable to other gas turbine engines although not shown here. The description below relates to an example installation for a typical single shaft turbofan engine. Anyone skilled in the art can practice the invention on other types of engine installations and yet be within the scope of this invention. 
         [0020]    A cross section view of a single shaft turbofan engine is shown in  FIG. 1 . Arrows show the direction of mass flow through the engine. Engine  1  comprises of a rotor shaft  11  which at its front end is connected a compressor  12  and at its rear end a turbine  14 . Engine  1  has an inlet  101  where inlet air enters the engine. One portion of the inlet air is partially compresses by compressor  12  and further routed through the engine via duct  19 . The remaining portion of the inlet air is fully compressed by compressor  12  and is routed to combustor  13 . The compressed air together with fuel (not shown) is combusted in combustor  13  resulting in pressurized hot combustion gases. The pressurized hot combustion gases expand towards engine outlet  102  while driving turbine  14 . 
         [0021]    As mentioned above, engine pressure ratio (EPR) is a widely used parameter used for monitoring engine performance. EPR is derived from measuring the air pressure by sensors installed in the engines gas path. A first measuring point used for EPR estimates is immediately downstream of the last stage of the turbine. A second measuring point is immediately upstream of the compressor inlet. 
         [0022]    Now referring to  FIG. 1 , probe  18  is one of multiple identical probes used for EPR estimates. Probe  18  is installed in the gas path downstream of the turbine. Probe  18  is connected (not shown) to a pressure measuring sensor (not shown) for measuring the total gas pressure. This is the first measuring point. The front of compressor  12  comprises of a cone  15  for splitting the airflow. Cone  15  is not rotating. At the tip of cone  15  is an opening  16  connected to a pressure measuring sensor (not shown) for measuring the total air pressure. This is the second measuring point. EPR is then estimated as the ratio between the pressure readings of the first and second measuring points whereby the first measuring point is the nominator and the second measuring point is the denominator. 
         [0023]    This invention relates to an improved method for cleaning of probe  18  whose air passage has been blocked by foreign particles. Cleaning is accomplished with the use of an apparatus temporarily placed adjacent to the aircraft&#39;s engine. The apparatus comprises of a high pressure liquid pump and a distributor for distributing a wash liquid to each of probe  18 . 
         [0024]    By forcing a cleaning fluid through the air passage of probe  18 , foreign particles are released and removed. The cleaning mechanism is accomplished by the mechanical movement and or chemical act of the cleaning liquid. The leaning liquid may be composed of water or heated water, with or without chemicals. Alternatively may the cleaning liquid be composed of only chemicals. 
         [0025]    By forcing a cleaning liquid by high pressure through the air passage of probe  18 , a high velocity is accomplished as the liquid&#39;s high pressure expands to ambient pressure. The high liquid velocity result in high shear forces on the surface of the air passage of probe  18 . The high shear forces enhance the removal of foreign particles. 
         [0026]    The invention disclosed herein describes an apparatus comprising of a distributor for individual distribution of wash liquid to probes  18 . Liquid is distributed to the probes via flex hoses where each flow is controlled by a valve. Further the apparatus is equipped with a flow meter. By opening one valve a corresponding probe is washed. The washing result is monitored by reading the flow rate value of the flow meter. A high flow rate indicates the air passage of the probe is free from foreign particles. A low flow rate indicates the that the probe is partially blocked. No flow rate at all would indicate that the probe is totally blocked. After having washed one probe washing of the next probe takes place. This is a quick and cost reducing procedure compared to prior art procedures. It is the purpose of this invention to reduce the time and costs for EPR probe cleaning. 
         [0027]    By the use of the distributor and flow meter, the operator can by simple hand operation of the valves on the distributor clean all probes and simultaneously verify that the passage is cleared by reading the liquid flow from the flow meter. The probe that records the highest flow rate would then be the base for the very most cleaned probe. The flow rate recorded by the other probes is then compared with the very most cleaned probe. Any significant deviation would indicate that the probe is still blocked. It is the purpose of this invention to provide a method for cleaning of EPR probes and confirm the cleaning result. 
         [0028]      FIG. 2  shows the typical arrangement of probe  18  and its connection to EPR instrumentation.  FIG. 2  shows a perspective view of four probe  18 . Probes  18  are positioned in the gas path symmetrically around engine shaft centre  2  and downstream of the turbine. Probe  18  has an air channel connected to conduit  22 . Conduit  22  is further connected to manifold  23 . Conduit  24  connects manifold  23  to a pressure sensing device  21  and pressure ratio transmitter  26 . Signal  27  is further connected to EPR instrument  25 . A signal (not shown) similar to signal  24  deriving from the second pressure measuring point  16  at the tip of inlet cone  15  is connected to a pressure sensing device (not shown) and further to pressure ratio transmitter  26  where the two signals computes the EPR instrument signal. 
         [0029]      FIG. 3  shows an apparatus for cleaning of probe  18 . The apparatus allows for cleaning of probes  18  without dismantling the probes from the engine. The apparatus allows for cleaning of probes  18  by simple hand operation by an operator. A distributor  3  comprises of a distributor body  30  with supply means including valves  31  for controlling liquid flow from distributor body  30  to conduit  32 . Conduit  32  comprises of a high pressure flexible hose of a defined length. At the end of conduit  32  a connector  33  allows for connection of the conduit to conduit  22  shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0030]    The apparatus described in  FIG. 3  may be installed on a cart (not shown) for easy mobility. 
         [0031]    In operation, a liquid is pumped to distributor body  30 . A liquid source (not shown) is connected to pump  36  via conduit  35 . The pump raises the liquid pressure to a pressure sufficient for cleaning the air passage of probe  18 . Downstream of pump  36  a pressure regulating valve  37  controls the pump pressure. Downstream of pressure regulating valve  37  is a flow meter  38 . The flow meter allows for reading the liquid flow rate. A conduit connects the flow meter with distributor body  30 . According to an alternative embodiment, a flow meter is arranged in each supply means, between valve  31  and distributor body  30 . According to another embodiment, the flow meter  38  may be replaced with a pressure meter as the flow rate is essentially inverse proportional with the pressure. 
         [0032]    Compressed air from a compressed air source (not shown) is fed via conduit  301  to valve  39 . Valve  39  is further connected by a conduit to distributor body  30 . The purpose of the compressed air is to enable purging of conduits and probes after completion of the cleaning operation. This is to ensure no liquid remains in the air passage of probe  18  as any liquid transferred to pressure sensing device  21  could be detrimental to the sensor. Valve  39  is closed during cleaning operation. 
         [0033]    The cleaning operation is best understood by referring to  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 . On the engine conduit  22  is disconnected from manifold  23  for each of probes  18 . Now coupling  33  of one of hose  32  is connected to conduit  22  of one of probe  18 . Then coupling  33  of next hose  32  is connected to conduit  22  of next probe  18 , and so on unit all probes  18  are connected to the distributor. By starting pump  36  high pressure liquid is fed to distributor body  30 . The liquid pressure is set by the pressure regulating valve  37  to typically 40 bar. The cleaning procedure begins by opening one of valves  31  whereby high pressure liquid is fed through hose  32  via coupling  33  through conduit  22  and further through the air passage of probe  18 . When a satisfactory liquid flow rate is recorded on flow meter  38 , the probe is considered cleaned. Valve  31  is then closed. This procedure is then repeated for each valve connected to each probe  18 . 
         [0034]    The recorded flow rates from the probes are compared with each other. If some probes are showing a significantly lower flow rate than other probes, the cleaning procedure will be repeated as an attempt of improving the cleaning. 
         [0035]    The operating pressure of pump  36  is more than 10 bar preferably more than 40 bar and preferably 70 bar. 
         [0036]    The temperature of the wash liquid is as provided by the liquid source or preferably heated to 40 degrees Celsius preferably heated to 60 degree Celsius. 
         [0037]    Each hose  32  has the same length. Each hose  32  comprises of the identical mechanical components and assembly as to provide identical internal flow restrictions and pressure drops. This enables the recorded flows to be compared on an equal basis. 
         [0038]    After completion of the cleaning operation pump  36  is stopped. All valves  31  are then opened. The conduits are purged with dry air by opening valve  39  whereby any liquid in the conduits and air passage of probes  18  is blown out. 
         [0039]    Finally, the engine is restored for flight operation by disconnecting coupling  33  from conduit  22  and connecting conduit  22  to manifold  23 . Although specific embodiments have been shown and described herein for purposes of illustration and exemplification, it is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the specific embodiments shown and described may be substituted for a wide variety of alternative and/or equivalent implementations without departing from the scope of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention could be implemented in a wide variety of embodiments. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the preferred embodiments discussed herein. Consequently, the present invention is defined by the wordings of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.