Abstract:
Enclosed re-programmable non-volatile memory cards include at least two sets of electrical contacts to which the internal memory is connected. The two sets of contacts have different patterns, preferably in accordance with two different contact standards such as a memory card standard and that of the Universal Serial Bus (USB). One memory card standard that can be followed is that of the Secure Digital (SD) card. The cards can thus be used with different hosts that are compatible with one set of contacts but not the other. A cover that is hinged to the card to normally cover one set of contacts can be rotated out of the way by hand when that set of contacts is being used.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/826,796, filed on Apr. 16, 2004, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference.  
         [0002]     This is related to a non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 10/826,801 entitled “Memory Cards Having Two Standard Sets of Contacts,” filed Apr. 16, 2004 by Cuellar et al. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     This invention relates generally to the use and structure of removable electronic circuit cards having different mechanical and/or electrical interfaces, particularly those including mass re-programmable non-volatile integrated circuit memory.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0004]     Electronic circuit cards, including non-volatile memory cards, have been commercially implemented according to a number of well-known standards. Memory cards are used with personal computers, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), digital still cameras, digital movie cameras, portable audio players and other host electronic devices for the storage of large amounts of data. Such cards usually contain a re-programmable non-volatile semiconductor memory cell array along with a controller that controls operation of the memory cell array and interfaces with a host to which the card connected. Several of the same type of card may be interchanged in a host card slot designed to accept that type of card. However, the development of the many electronic card standards has created different types of cards that are incompatible with each other in various degrees. A card made according to one standard is usually not useable with a host designed to operate with a card of another standard.  
         [0005]     One such standard, the PC Card Standard, provides specifications for three types of PC Cards. Originally released in 1990, the PC Card Standard now contemplates three forms of a rectangular card measuring 85.6 mm. by 54.0 mm., having thicknesses of 3.3 mm. (Type I), 5.0 mm. (Type II) and 10.5 mm. (Type III). An electrical connector, which engages pins of a slot in which the card is removably inserted, is provided along a narrow edge of the card. PC Card slots are included in current notebook personal computers, as well as in other host equipment, particularly portable devices. The PC Card Standard is a product of the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA). The current PC Card specifications, “PC Card Standard Release 8.0,” dated April 2001, is available from the PCMCIA.  
         [0006]     In 1994, SanDisk Corporation, assignee of the present application, introduced the CompactFlash™ card (CF™ card) that is functionally compatible with the PC Card but is much smaller. The CF™ card is rectangularly shaped with dimensions of 42.8 mm. by 36.4 mm. and a thickness of 3.3 mm., and has a female pin connector along one edge. The CF™ card is widely used with cameras for the storage of still video data. A passive adapter card is available, in which the CF card fits, that then can be inserted into a PC Card slot of a host computer or other device. The controller within the CF card operates with the card&#39;s flash memory to provide an ATA interface at its connector. That is, a host with which a CF card is connected interfaces with the card as if it is a disk drive. Specifications for the CompactFlash card have been established by the CompactFlash Association, “CF+ and CompactFlash Specification Revision 2.0,” dated May 2003. An implementation of these specifications is described by SanDisk Corporation in a product manual “CompactFlash Memory Card Product Manual,” revision 10.1, dated September 2003.  
         [0007]     The SmartMedia™ card is about one-third the size of a PC Card, having dimensions of 45.0 mm. by 37.0 mm. and is very thin at only 0.76 mm. thick. Contacts are provided in a defined pattern as areas on a surface of the card. Its specifications have been defined by the Solid State Floppy Disk Card (SSFDC) Forum, which began in 1996. It contains flash memory, particularly of the NAND type. The SmartMedia™ card is intended for use with portable electronic devices, particularly cameras and audio devices, for storing large amounts of data. A memory controller is included either in the host device or in an adapter card in another format such as one according to the PC Card standard. Physical and electrical specifications for the SmartMedia™ card have been issued by the SSFDC Forum.  
         [0008]     Another non-volatile memory card is the MultiMediaCard (MMC™). The physical and electrical specifications for the MMC™ are given in “The MultiMediaCard System Specification” that is updated and published from time-to-time by the MultiMediaCard Association (MMCA), including version 3.1, dated June 2001. MMC products having varying storage capacity are currently available from SanDisk Corporation. The MMC card is rectangularly shaped with a size similar to that of a postage stamp. The card&#39;s dimensions are 32.0 mm. by 24.0 mm. and 1.4 mm. thick, with a row of electrical contacts on a surface of the card along a narrow edge that also contains a cut-off corner. These products are described in a “MultiMediaCard Product Manual,” Revision 5.2, dated March 2003, published by SanDisk Corporation. Certain aspects of the electrical operation of the MMC products are also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,279,114 and in patent application Ser. No. 09/186,064, filed Nov. 4, 1998, both by applicants Thomas N. Toombs and Micky Holtzman, and assigned to SanDisk Corporation. The physical card structure and a method of manufacturing it are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,622, assigned to SanDisk Corporation.  
         [0009]     A modified version of the MMC™ card is the later Secure Digital (SD) card. The SD Card has the same rectangular size as the MMC™ card but with an increased thickness (2.1 mm.) in order to accommodate an additional memory chip when that is desired. A primary difference between these two cards is the inclusion in the SD card of security features for its use to store proprietary data such as that of music. Another difference between them is that the SD Card includes additional data contacts in order to enable faster data transfer between the card and a host. The other contacts of the SD Card are the same as those of the MMC™ card in order that sockets designed to accept the SD Card can also be made to accept the MMC™ card. A total of nine contacts are positioned along a short edge of the card that contains a cutoff corner. This is described in patent application Ser. No. 09/641,023, filed by Cedar et al. on Aug. 17, 2000, International Publication Number WO 02/15020. The electrical interface with the SD card is further made to be, for the most part, backward compatible with the MMC™ card, in order that few changes to the operation of the host need be made in order to accommodate both types of cards. Complete specifications for the SD card are available to member companies from the SD Association (SDA). A public document describing the physical and some electrical characteristics of the SD Card is available from the SDA: “Simplified Version of: Part 1 Physical Layer Specification Version 1.01,” dated Apr. 15, 2001.  
         [0010]     More recently, a miniSD card has been specified by the SDA and is commercially available. This card is smaller than the SD card but provides much of the same functionality. It has a modified rectangular shape with dimensions of 21.5 mm. long, 20.0 mm. wide and 1.4 mm. thick. A total of eleven electrical contacts are positioned in a row on a surface of the card along one edge. The miniSD memory card is available from SanDisk Corporation and described in the “SanDisk miniSD Card Product Manual,” version 1.0, April 2003.  
         [0011]     Another type of memory card is the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), the specifications of which are published by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). A portion of these specifications appear as GSM 11.11, a recent version being technical specification ETSI TS 100 977 V8.3.0 (2000-08), entitled “Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); Specification of the Subscriber Identity Module-Mobile Equipment (SIM-ME) Interface,” (GSM 11.11 Version 8.3.0 Release 1999). Two types of SIM cards are specified: ID-1 SIM and Plug-in SIM.  
         [0012]     The ID-1 SIM card has a format and layout according to the ISO/IEC 7810 and 7816 standards of the International Organization for Standardizaton (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The ISO/IEC 7810 standard is entitled “Identification cards—Physical characteristics,” second edition, August 1995. The ISO/IEC 7816 standard has the general title of “Identification cards—Integrated Circuit(s) Cards with Contacts,” and consists of parts 1-10 that carry individual dates from 1994 through 2000. Copies of these standards are available from the ISO/IEC in Geneva, Switzerland. The ID-1 SIM card is generally the size of a credit card, having dimensions of 85.60 mm. by 53.98 mm., with rounder corners, and a thickness of 0.76 mm. Such a card may have only memory or may also include a microprocessor, the latter often being referred to as a “Smart Card.” One application of a Smart Card is as a debit card where an initial credit balance is decreased every time it is used to purchase a product or a service.  
         [0013]     The Plug-in SIM is a very small card, smaller than the MMC™ and SD cards. The GSM 11.11 specification referenced above calls for this card to be a rectangle 25 mm. by 15 mm., with one corner cut off for orientation, and with the same thickness as the ID-1 SIM card. A primary use of the Plug-in SIM card is in mobile telephones and other devices for security against the theft and/or unauthorized use of the devices, in which case the card stores a security code personal to the device&#39;s owner or user. In both types of SIM cards, eight electrical contacts (but with as few as five being used) are specified in the ISO/IEC 7816 standard to be arranged on a surface of the card for contact by a host receptacle.  
         [0014]     Sony Corporation has developed and commercialized a non-volatile memory card, sold as the Memory Stick™, that has yet another set of specifications. Its shape is that of an elongated rectangle having 10 electrical contacts in a row and individually recessed into a surface adjacent one of its short sides that also contains a cut out corner for orientation. The card&#39;s size is 50.0 mm. long by 21.5 mm. wide by 2.8 mm. thick.  
         [0015]     A more recent Memory Stick Duo card is smaller, having dimensions of 31.0 mm. long by 20.0 mm. wide by 1.6 mm. thick. Ten contacts are provided in a common recess in a surface and along a short side of the card, which also contains an orienting notch. This smaller card is often used by insertion into a passive adapter having the shape of a Memory Stick card.  
         [0016]     SanDisk Corporation has introduced an even smaller transportable non-volatile TransFlash memory module in a modified rectangular shape, having dimensions of 15.0 mm. long by 11.0 mm. wide by 1.0 mm. thick. Eight electrical contact pads are provided in a row on a surface adjacent a short edge of the card. This card is useful for a variety of applications, particularly with portable devices, and is being incorporated into multimedia camera cell telephones.  
         [0017]     As is apparent from the foregoing summary of the primary electronic card standards, there are many differences in their physical characteristics including size and shape, in the number, arrangement and structure of electrical contacts and in the electrical interface with a host system through those contacts when the card is connected with a host. Electronic devices that use electronic cards are usually made to work with only one type of card. Adaptors, both active and passive types, have been provided or proposed to allow some degree of interchangeability of electronic cards among such host devices. U.S. Pat. No. 6,266,724 of Harari et al. describes use of combinations of mother and daughter memory cards.  
         [0018]     Small, hand-held re-programmable non-volatile memories have also been made to interface with a computer or other type of host through a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector. These are especially convenient for users who have one or more USB connectors available on the front of their personal computers, particularly if a receptacle slot for one of the above identified memory cards is not present. Such devices are also very useful for transferring data between various host systems that have USB receptacles, including portable devices. Mechanical and electrical details of the USB interface are provided by the “Universal Serial Bus Specification,” revision 2.0, dated Apr. 27, 2000. There are several USB flash drive products commercially available from SanDisk Corporation under its trademark Cruzer. USB flash drives are typically larger and shaped differently than the memory cards described above.  
         [0019]     Another, higher transfer rate interface that has become commonplace on personal computers and other host devices is specified by the following standard of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): “IEEE Standard for a High Performance Serial Bus,” document no. IEEE 1394-1995, as amended by document nos. IEEE 1394a-2000 and IEEE 1394b-2002. A common commercial form of this bus interface is known as FireWire. Because of its higher speed, this interface is particularly useful for the transfer of large amounts of data to and from a computing device.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020]     An electronic circuit card, such as one containing re-programmable non-volatile memory, includes two or more external sets of electrical contacts and a cover for at least one of the sets of contacts that is attached to the card and is rotatable by hand about an axis extending across the width of the card to expose the contacts. The two sets of contacts may conform to different recognized mechanical and electrical standards and specifications such as two or more of those described above. The internal memory of a memory card, most commonly flash memory, is operable through any of the sets of external contacts alone with the appropriate signal protocol. The standards that are implemented are preferably those that will allow the system to be used directly with a wide variety of host devices having receptacles with various physical and electronic signal protocol and format characteristics.  
         [0021]     Additional aspects, advantages, features and details of the various aspects of the present invention are included in the following description of exemplary examples thereof, which description should be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. All patents, patent applications, articles, manuals, standards, specifications and other publications referenced herein are hereby incorporated herein by those references in their entirety for all purposes. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]      FIGS. 1A and 1B  are perspective views of a memory card having two sets of electrical contacts with a cover of one set of contacts closed ( FIG. 1A ) and with the cover opened ( FIG. 1B );  
         [0023]      FIGS. 2A and 2B  are plan views of the memory card as shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , respectively;  
         [0024]      FIG. 3A  is a side view of the memory card shown in  FIGS. 1A-2B  with its cover closed, as viewed from position  3 A- 3 A of  FIG. 2A ;  
         [0025]      FIG. 3B  is a side view of the memory card shown in  FIGS. 1A-2B  with its cover in a position intermediate of its open and closed positions; and  
         [0026]      FIG. 3A  is a side view of the memory card shown in  FIGS. 1A-2B  with its cover opened, as viewed from position  3 C- 3 C of  FIG. 2B . 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS  
       [0027]     The example memory card described herein utilizes one set of contacts and a signal protocol from one published memory card standard, such as that for the SD card, and the other set of contacts and a signal protocol according another published standard, such as the USB standard or another that provide similar opportunities for use, such as the IEEE 1394 standard. Many types of hosts include receptacle slots for SD cards, particularly cell phones, PDAs, MP-3 players, cameras and the like, while USB receptacles are common in personal computers, notebook computers and the like. Such a combination of interfaces thereby allows the memory card system to be used directly with a wider variety of host devices than either one alone.  
         [0028]     Referring to the figures, an example memory card will be described. A predominately rectangular main body portion  11 , in this case a shortened version of the SD card, has a rectangular extension  13  formed as part of the card to provide an additional interface, in this case a USB compatible plug. Since the extension  13  is narrower than the portion  11 , end surfaces  12  and  14  of the main body portion  11  exist on either side of the extension  13 . According to the SD Memory Card Specifications, nine electrical contacts  15 - 23  are provided on bottom surfaces of eight grooves  25 - 32  along one end of the card, the two contacts  22  and  23  being placed in the one groove  32 . Four electrical contacts  37 - 40 , arranged according to the USB specifications, are provided on the flat surface of the extension  13 . Both sets of contacts  15 - 23  and  37 - 40  are positioned on the same side of this example memory card but they could alternately be placed on opposite sides.  
         [0029]     In order to protect the contacts  37 - 40  when not being used, a cover  43  is rotatably connected with the card so that it may be closed to cover the contacts  37 - 40  when they are not being used (the position of  FIGS. 1A, 2A  and  3 A) and opened to expose the contacts  37 - 40  when the extension  13  is inserted into a matting receptacle (the position of  FIGS. 1B, 2B  and  3 C). These positions are shown to be one hundred eighty degrees apart. In this specific example, the cover  43  is attached to the card portion  11  at its end surfaces  12  and  14  by respective hinges  45  and  47  that allow for such rotation of the cover  43  by hand. The cover  43  has thick side portions  49  and  51  to which the hinges  45  and  47  are respectively connected. The side portions  49  and  51  fit around the extension  13  when the cover is closed, and a thin layer  53  of material spanning between the side portions  49  and  51  covers the contacts when the cover  43  is closed. The layer  53  has a size that is approximately that of the extension  13  in order to cover it when the cover  43  is closed. An end portion  55  spanning the side portions  49  and  51  is also preferably provided as part of the cover  43 . When the cover  43  is closed, its end portion  55  fits over an extreme end of the extension  13 .  
         [0030]     In order to be compatible with the USB specifications, the addition  13  has a minimum length of 12 mm. from the ends  12  and  14  of the main body portion  11  and has a width of 12.35 mm. The main body portion  11  of the memory card of  FIGS. 1A and 1B , in this specific example, is 24 mm. wide with a thickness of 2.1 mm., according to the SD card standard, but its length is shortened so that the overall length of the card, with the cover  43  closed, is the 32 mm. length of the SD card. The cover  43  is made to have the same outside width of 24 mm. and its side portions  49  and  51  the same 2.1 mm. thickness as the card portion  11 , according to the SD card standard. The extension  13  has a thickness  43  of 1.70 mm. in the region of the contacts  37 - 40 , according to the USB specifications, which is less than the 2.1 mm. SD card thickness of the portion  11 . A 0.4 mm. high ledge may thus be formed at the intersection of the card portions  11  and  13 , given their different thicknesses, while an opposite surface on the backside of the first and second portions  11  and  13  is planar without any such discontinuity. The thickness difference on the front side is occupied by the layer  53  when the cover  43  is closed. The length of the cover  43  is such that the length of the card with the cover closed is the 32 mm. length of the SD card.  
         [0031]     Therefore, when the cover  43  is closed, the card structure has the physical dimensions and other physical characteristics of the SD memory card. In order to hold the cover closed, a latch  57  may be provided on the inside of one or both of the side portions  49  and  51  of the cover  43  to snap into mating receptacle(s) (not shown) on the side walls of the extension  13 . When the cover  43  is closed, the card can be used as any SD card, the same as if the USB extension portion  13  did not exist. It is inserted into and removed from receptacles of host devices that follow the SD card standard. However, when it is desired to insert the card into a USB receptacle, the cover  43  is opened to expose the extension  13  and its contacts  37 - 40 . An appropriate latch (not shown) may additionally be included to hold the cover  43  in its opened position.  
         [0032]     In the example shown in the figures, the length of the extension  13  has been minimized according to the USB standards in order to maximize the length of the main body portion  11  so that it may hold more or larger integrated circuit chips. This results in the cover  43 , when in its opened position shown in  FIG. 1B , not covering the contacts SD card contacts  25 - 32 . This is not a problem since the contacts  25 - 32  are included in grooves that minimize touching when being handled and are in any event normally so exposed in SD cards. However, if it is desired for the cover  43  to lie over the contacts  25 - 32  when opened, the length of the main portion  11  can be shortened and the extension  13  lengthened by a corresponding amount until they have about equal lengths. The length of the cover  43  would also then be increased in order to cover the lengthened extension  13 . When in its opened position, the cover would lie over the SD card contacts  15 - 23 .  
         [0033]     The extension  13  is illustrated in the figures to be centered along the width of the card portion  11 , the end edges  12  and  14  of the body portion  11  therefore being equal. However, other arrangements can be used instead. For example, the extension  13  can be positioned along one side of the portion  11  and the cover  43  altered to have one larger side portion instead of the two equal side portions  49  and  51  that are illustrated.  
         [0034]     Various other details of the example structure shown in the figures can certainly be further altered so long as the contact structure at one end physically conforms to one standard and the contact structure at the other end physically conforms to a second standard. One is a memory card standard since numerous hand held devices include receptacles for such cards. A memory card standard other than for the SD card, such as one of the others described above, can be utilized instead. The second standard is one that is more commonly used on personal computers, notebook computers and other computing devices, in this case the USB standard. The IEEE 1394 standard could instead be used for the second standard, for example, but its use is currently not as widespread as the USB. Alternatively, both sets of contacts may conform to different memory card standards.  
         [0035]     Internal to the memory card is preferably flash memory that is accessed from the SD card contacts  15 - 23  through a controller circuit, as currently exists in SD memory cards. An additional interface circuit is provided for converting the SD signal protocols at the SD contacts  15 - 23  into USB signal protocols at the USB contacts  37 - 40 . Alternatively, a single controller can be used to provide both signal protocols. If one or more additional sets of contacts are provided, provision is made to interface the additional set(s) of contacts with the signal protocols of the additional standard(s), so that the internal memory can be accessed through the additional contact set(s).  
         [0036]     Because of the two interfaces, the memory card of is useable with a wide variety of types of host devices. The SD card set of contacts  15 - 23  can be inserted into a memory card slot of a PDA, for example, and the other set of contacts  37 - 40  into a USB receptacle of a notebook computer. Addition of the second interface increases the convenience and portability of the memory card. This is an advantage for most all uses of memory cards but is of particular benefit in certain applications. For example, if the memory card stores the medical history and other health information of an individual who is carrying the card at the time of an accident or sudden illness, it is more likely that emergency health care providers will have access to a host device that can immediately read the stored information from the card through either of the two interfaces. The two interfaces also increase the usefulness of a memory card for transferring data between different types of hosts that do not have a common card interface.  
         [0037]     The second pattern of contacts and hinged protective cover of the card shown in the figures can be included in a memory card based upon most any standard memory card standard. This structure is not limited to use with the SD card. The USB plug  13  can, for example, be incorporated in a similar manner into the MMC, miniSD, Memory Stick or Smart Media cards.  
         [0038]     The specific hinges  45  and  47  shown in the example memory card of the figures are sometimes called “dog bone” hinges. They are of rigid material. One end of each of these elongated hinges is attached to the card portion  11  to rotate about an axis  61  that extends across the width of the card through its main portion  11 . Another end of each of the hinges  45  and  47  is attached to the cover  43  to rotate about an axis  63  that extends across the width of the cover  43 . Both of the axes of rotation  61  and  63  are stationary with respect to their respective card portion  11  and cover  43 . During movement of the cover between its opened and closed positions, the axis  63  moves normal to the memory card to allow the cover  43  to adjust between the different levels of the card&#39;s top surface. It will also be noted from the views of  FIGS. 3A-3C  that the mating edges of the cover  43  and main card portion  11  are curved to allow smooth motion between them as the cover  43  is moved by hand between its open and closed positions. The axis  63  also moves laterally along the length of the memory card as the cover is being opened or closed.  
         [0039]     This hinge structure can also be modified to provide a detent that holds the cover  43  in its closed position ( FIG. 3A ), in place of the latch  57  ( FIG. 1B ), and in its opened position ( FIG. 3C ). One way to do so is to square off the ends of the rigid hinges  45  and  47  and provide mating rectangular receptacles in the card portion  11  and cover  43  that latch the cover at 0° and 90° with respect to the hinges but allows free rotation between those positions. An alternate structure replaces the rounded edges of the card portion  11  and the cover  43  with substantially square surfaces, and the hinges  45  and  47  are provided some degree of elasticity so that they pull these planar edges together when the cover  43  is closed. As the cover is then opened by hand, the hinges stretch to allow the edge of the cover to rotate over the edge of the card portion  11  and then pull the cover and card together again after the cover has been rotated into its opened position.  
         [0040]     Other alternatives to this specific hinge structure can certainly be used, so long as the cover  43  is rotatable by hand with respect to the card portions  11  and  13  about one or more axes extending across the width of the card. A different type of solid mechanical hinge can be used, for example. Or something altogether different can be used. A flexible member adhered to the cover and the main card portion  11 , for example, may be substituted for the mechanical hinges. An example of the flexible member is polyimide film bonded or welded to the pieces.  
         [0041]     Although the various aspects of the present invention have been described with respect to several exemplary embodiments and variations thereof, it will be understood that the invention is entitled to protection within the full scope of the appended claims.