Abstract:
Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring having 6 members and containing 1 or 2 hetero N atoms, their fungicidal use and preparation are described and exemplified.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to novel thiadiazinones which are useful for the control of fungal disease in plants. More particularly the invention relates to 3-chloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ones which are substituted in the 5-position with selected heterocycloxy groups. 
     2. Prior Art 
     Geevers and Trompen described the preparation 3,5-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one and its use as an intermediate to prepare various other 3-chloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ones including, interalia, the 5-chloro and 5-phenoxy derivatives. J. Geevers and W. P. Trompen, Rec. Trav. Chim., 93, 270 (1974). This publication provides no indication of any biological activity for the described compounds. Belgian Pat. No. 854,184, Published Nov. 11, 1977, discloses numerous 5-substituted-3-chloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazinones, including inter alia, the 5-(8-quinolinoxy) derivative, and that the disclosed compounds have fungicidal and herbicidal properties. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the present invention there is provided a new group of compounds, 3-chloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ones substituted at the 5-position with selected heterocycloxy substituents which are hereinafter described, fungicidal compositions of these compounds and a method for providing control of fungal disease in agricultural crops. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The compounds of this invention are 3-chloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ones having the general formula, ##STR2## and hydrates thereof, wherein R is an optionally substituted six membered heterocyclic ring consisting of carbon and one or two atoms of nitrogen, one of which may be an N-oxide. Suitable heterocyclic rings include pyridyl, pyridyl-N-oxide, pyrazyl, pyridazyl and pyrimidyl. Preferable compounds are those having the pyridyl or pyridyl-N-oxide heterocyclic ring. 
     The heterocyclic ring may be unsubstituted or may be substituted with a wide variety of ring substituents. One to three substituents may be employed and may be independently selected from groups such as lower alkyl, halogen, nitro, cyano, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulfinyl or lower alkylsulfonyl. 
     Unless otherwise indicated the term &#34;lower&#34; means having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain and the term halogen means bromine, chlorine, fluorine or iodine. 
     In the method of this invention an effective fungistatic or fungicidal amount of the above compound as active ingredient is applied to foliage or seeds of agricultural plants or to the soil in which the plants are growing or are to be planted, i.e., the locus where control is desired. When so applied, the compounds prevent fungal infection or inhibit further development of a pre-existing fungal disease. 
     The selected antifungal agent may be applied as the technical material, or as a formulated product. Typical formulations include the antifungal agent in combination with an agriculturally acceptable carrier, preferably with a surface active agent, and optionally with other active ingredients. Suitable formulations include granules, powders, or liquids, the choice varying with the fungus and environmental factors present at the particular locus of infestation. Thus, the compounds may be formulated as granules of various sizes, as dusts, as wettable powders, as emulsifiable concentrates, as solutions, as dispersions, as controlled release compositions, and the like. 
     A typical formulation may vary widely in concentration of the active ingredient depending on the particular agent used, the additives and carriers used, other active ingredients, and the desired mode of application. With due consideration of these factors, the active ingredient of a typical formulation may, for example, be suitably present at a concentration of about 0.5% up to about 99.5% by weight of the formulation. Additives and carriers may comprise about 99.5% by weight to as low as about 0.5% by weight of the formulation. Surface active agents, if employed in the formulation, may be present at various concentrations, suitably in the range of 1% to 30% by weight. 
     The formulation may be used as such or diluted to a desired use dilution with a suitable diluent or carrier. The concentration of the active ingredient in use dilution is normally in the range of about 0.001% to about 4% by weight. Many variations of spraying, dusting, soil-incorporation may be utilized in applying the compounds. The compounds may be applied as an ingredient of compositions used in the art by substituting or adding a compound of this invention to such compositions. 
     The antifungal agents of this invention may be formulated and applied with other compatible active ingredients, including nematicides, insecticides, acaricides, other fungicides, plant growth regulators, herbicides, fertilizers, etc. 
     In applying the foregoing chemicals, whether alone or with other agricultural chemicals, an effective fungistatic or fungicidal amount of the active ingredient must be applied. While the application rate will vary widely depending on the choice of compound, the formulation and mode of application, the plant species being protected, and the planting density, a suitable use rate may be in the range of 0.05 to 5 kg/hectare, preferably 0.5 to about 4 kg/hectare. 
     The compounds of this invention are prepared by reacting 3,5-dichloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one with the corresponding heterocyclic alcohol in the presence of a strong base, preferably an amine base such as triethylamine. The following examples are typical of the preparation of the compounds. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Synthesis of 3,5-Dichloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one 
     A 50 ml flask was charged with 20 ml formic acid. The flask was purged with a stream of dry nitrogen. The nitrogen purge was continued while 6.3 g 3,4,4,5-tetrachloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazinone was added dropwise over 0.5 hour during which the temperature of the reaction mixture was maintained at 10°±1° C. Following addition the reaction mixture was stirred at 10° C. for 2 hours then at room temperature for 64 hours, then poured into 60 ml. ice-water with stirring. The resulting mixture was filtered and the filter cake washed with water and dried to yield 2.2 g of pale yellow 3,5-dichloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one, m.p. 81°-82° C. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Synthesis of 3-chloro-5-(3-pyridyloxy)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one 
     To a stirred solution of 12.8 grams (0.07 mole) of 3,5-dichloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one and 6.7 grams (0.07 mole) of 3-hydroxypyridine in 300 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise 7.1 grams (0.07 mole) of triethylamine. During the addition the exothermic reaction caused the reaction mixture temperature to rise to 34° C. Upon complete addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 16 hours during which time it cooled to ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered to remove triethylamine hydrochloride. The filter cake was washed with tetrahydrofuran. The filtrate and wash were combined and evaporated under reduced pressure to a residual solid. The residue was triturated with 300 ml of distilled water and the insolubles collected by filtration. The filter cake was washed with water and recrystallized twice from ethanol. A sample of the recrystallized solid was dissolved in chloroform and subjected to analysis by thin layer chromatography. This analysis indicated that the solid contained impurities. The filtrates from the recrystallizations were combined and evaporated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was combined with the twice-recrystallized solid and dissolved in chloroform. The solution was slurried with silica gel in an effort to remove the impurities. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to a residual solid. The solid was recrystallized from ethanol to give 7.0 grams (42%) of 3-chloro-5-(3-pyridyloxy)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one; m.p. 134.5°-135.5° C. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Synthesis of 3-chloro-5-(6-methyl-3-pyridyloxy)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one 
     This compound was prepared in the manner of Example 3, using 14.6 grams (0.08 mole) of 3,5-dichloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one, 8.7 grams (0.08 mole) of 3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine and 8.9 grams (0.088 mole) of triethylamine in 300 ml of tetrahydrofuran. The crude product was recrystallized from ethanol to give 15.8 grams (77%) of 3-chloro-5-(6-methyl-3-pyridyloxy)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one; m.p. 155°-156° C. 
     The compounds set forth below are prepared in a manner analogous to that set forth above by substituting an appropriately substituted hydroxy pyridine for that used in Example 3. 
     
         ______________________________________EXAMPLE    COMPOUND          M.P. (° C)______________________________________4        3-chloro-5-(2-chloro-3-pyridyl-    oxy)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one                        123.5-124.55        3-chloro-5-(1-oxo-3-pyridyloxy)-    4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one    hemihydrate         dec. 1696        3-chloro-5-(2-bromo-3-pyridyl-    oxy)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one                        134-1357        3-chloro-5-(2-iodo-3-pyridyl-    oxy)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one                        127-1288        3-chloro-5-(2-nitro-3-pyridyl-    oxy)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one                        142-1439        3-chloro-5-(5-pyrimidyloxy)-    4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one10       3-chloro-5-(2-chloro-5-pyrimidy-    loxy)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one______________________________________ 
    
     The following examples demonstrate the fungicidal activity of the compounds of this invention. The test organisms used in these examples, together with an identifying code which are in the tables to identify each organism, are as follows: 
     As = Alternaria solani 
     Bc = Botrytis cinerea 
     Cc = Cladosporium cucumerinum 
     Ep = Erysiphe polygoni 
     Fs = Fusarium solani 
     Ho = Helminthosporium oryzae 
     Pi = Phytophthora infestans 
     Po = Pyricularia oryzae 
     Py = Pythium ultimum 
     Rs = Rhizoctonia solani 
     Sf = Sclerotinia fructicola 
     Up = Uromyces phaseoli 
     Vi = Venturia inaequalis 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     Spore Germination Tests 
     The test chemical was dissolved or suspended in acetone in an amount such that 0.8 ml of the resulting suspension or solution, mixed with 40 ml water agar produced a water agar solution containing 40, 10, 2.5 and 1 ppm of test chemical. The resulting agar solution, at 50° C., was then divided equally between two sterile petri dishes, each having four separated quadrants, and allowed to solidify. Three quadrants of each dish were flooded with 0.1 ml of a spore suspension in sterile water. Spores of two pathogens, Erysiphe polygoni and Uromyes phaseoli, from infected plant leaves, were brushed on the remaining two quadrants. The tests were then incubated 48 hours, at 24° C. 
     Readings were then taken and the percentage of germinated spores calculated. From this percentage, a spore germination rating was assigned as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________% Germination      Rating______________________________________ 0-10              010-40              140-60              260-80              3 80-100            4______________________________________ 
    
     Table I reports the inhibitory effect of these test compounds on spore germination. In Table I, the lower the numeral used as a rating, the more effective the compound. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     Mycelial Growth Tests 
     Aliquots of previously prepared solutions of active ingredient in acetone were added to tubes containing 20 ml of sterile, melted potato dextrose agar that had been cooled to 50° C. to provide mixtures of 40, 20, 10, 5 and 2.5 ppm. The tubes were shaken to ensure thorough mixing of the chemical with the agar, and the mixture poured into petri dishes having 4 quadrants to solidify. Each quadrant was inoculated with a 4 mm diameter disc of agar containing mycelium of the test fungi and incubated at 25° C. for 72 to 144 hours, depending on the species being employed, during which the samples were alternately exposed to light for 12 hours and to darkness for 12 hours. Growth was measured at the end of the incubation period by measuring the diameter of each fungus colony. Two measurements of the diameter, perpendicular to each other, were taken and the values averaged. Data are reported as percent inhibition (%I) by the following formula: ##STR3## 
     The results reported in Table II indicate a high level of activity for the test compounds. 
     
                       TABLE I______________________________________SPORE GERMINATION INHIBITION TESTING        Spore Germination RatingCompound Conc.a.i.of Example    ppm       Bc    Po  Vi  As  Cc  Pi  Ep   Up______________________________________2        40        0     0   0   0   0   0   0    0    10        0     0   0   0   0   0   0    0    2.5       0     0   0   0   0   0   0    0    1.0       4     2   0   0   0   0   1    03        40        0     0   0   0   0   0   0    0    10        0     0   0   0   3   0   4    2    2.5       0     0   0   0   3   0   4    2    1.0       4     1   0   0   4   0   4    24        40        0     0   0   0   0   0   0    0    10        0     0   0   0   0   0   0    0    2.5       0     0   0   0   0   0   0    0    10        2     0   0   3   0   0   0    05        40        4     0   0   0   0   0   0    0    10        4     3   2   4   4   0   0    0    2.5       4     4   4   4   4   3   2    4    1.0       4     4   4   4   4   4   4    46        40        0     0   0   0   0   0   0    0    10        0     0   0   0   0   0   0    0    2.5       0     0   0   0   0   0   0    07        40        0     0   0   0   0   0   2    0    10        0     0   0   0   0   0   4    0    2.5       0     0   1   4   0   0   0    08        40        0     0   0   0   0   0   0    0    10        0     0   0   0   0   0   2    0    2.5       0     0   2   4   0   0   3    0______________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________IN VITRO MYCELIAL GROWTH INHIBITION EVALUATIONS        Percent Fungus Growth InhibitionCompound  Conc.a.i.of Example  ppm   As Fs Sf Po Py Rs Ho  Cc__________________________________________________________________________2      40    100           100              100                 100                    100                       96 100 100  20    100           100              100                 58 100                       100                          100 100  10    100           100              100                 29 100                       56 100 62  5     100           63 48 33 100                       31 100 383      40    100           100              100                 9  100                       100                          100 71  20    100           100              94 0  100                       64 100 100  10    100           100              82 0  100                       64 100 100  5     100           56 74 9  47 31 100 1004      40    100           100              100                 100                    100                       69 100 100  20    100           100              100                 100                    100                       56 100 62  10    47 100              81 65 100                       42 100 45  5     47 100              48 52 69 39 100 315      40    67 100              57 91 100                       69 100 52  20    31 75 25 64 100                       20 100 31  10    13 58 0  32 76 11 100 10  5     0  17 0  27 0  0  7   106      10    100           100              87 90 100                       64 100 56  5     100           43 61 90 100                       53 64  35  2.5   71 21 55 42 7  20 64  197      10    100           100              100                 81 100                       64 100 68  5     100           29 74 48 45 42 50  34  2.5   62 57 61 43 53 42 45  258      10    90 86 100                 100                    100                       78 100 100  5     90 64 74 52 87 53 75  72  2.5   62 21 55 24 33 53 55  38__________________________________________________________________________