Abstract:
A composition comprising a paracumylphenol end-capped aromatic copolyestercarbonate having from about 35 to 95 mole percent ester content which comprises isophthalate or isophthalate and terephthalate units wherein no more than about 50 mole percent of the ester content is terephthalate.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Aromatic copolyestercarbonates have been known for many years. Their chief property improvement over polycarbonate is a higher distortion temperature under load, allowing it to be used in applications wherein higher temperature properties are required than standard polycarbonates. However, together with the higher temperature properties is the increased difficulty in molding. The melt viscosity is high, therefore requiring a higher temperature and/or more pressure to mold in comparison to the standard polycarbonates. 
     Various monofunctional groups have been employed to terminate polymers of the polycarbonate family. The standard endcapping monomers are phenol and paratertiary butylphenol. However, other endcapping agents have been disclosed from time to time. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,697,481, Bialous, et al assigned to General Electric Company, a chromanyl radical has been employed to endcap polycarbonates. The description of polycarbonates is broad enough to include copolyestercarbonates such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,030,331 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,169,121, see the U.S. Pat. No. 3,697,481 at column 3, lines 59-69. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,238,596 issued to Quinn and assigned to General Electric Company, a new method for preparing copolyestercarbonates is disclosed. Following this new method, Examples 3 and 6 utilize chroman-I as a chain stopper. In Example 3, an aromatic copolyestercarbonate of 18 mole percent ester content is prepared utilizing 100 percent isophthalate units. In Example 6 an aromatic copolyestercarbonate is prepared having 11 percent ester content utilizing 100 percent terephthalate units. 
     It should be noted that in these cited references there is no general direction toward the paracumyl phenol endcapping substances but rather generally to the chromanyl endgroup utilizing Chroman-I as a specific example. The paracumyl phenol end group is a hydrocarbon except for, of course, the actual aromatic hydroxy linkage. Paracumyl phenol is a known endcapping agent for polycarbonates, see JP No. 57-133149. It is also known to use paracumylphenol as an endcapping agent for copolyestercarbonate having only terephthalate ester groupings and a limited total ester content, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,156,069 issued to Allied. 
     New chainstopped aromatic copolyestercarbonates have been discovered. These copolyestercarbonates endcapped with paracumyl phenol exhibit interesting processing and physical properties. While combining a high flow, low melt viscosity behavior with virtually undiminished physical properties of Notched Izod, as well as maintaining the impact resistance under heat and aging conditions, the paracumyl endcapped polymers show less color formation at low viscosity while retaining certain physical properties. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the invention there is a composition comprising a paracumyl phenol endcapped aromatic copolyestercarbonate, said copolyestercarbonate having from about 35 to about 95 mole percent ester content, said ester content comprising isophthalate or isophthalate and terephthalate units wherein no more than about 50 mole percent of the ester content is terephthalate. Preferably no more than about 35 mole percent or more preferably 25 mole percent of the ester units are terephthalate. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Typical dihydric phenols which can be employed to prepare copolyestercarbonates of the invention are: 
     2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (also known as bisphenol-A); 
     2,4&#39;-dihydroxydiphenyl)methane; 
     bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane; 
     bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane; 
     bis(4-hydroxyphenyl-5-propylphenyl)methane; 
     bis(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3-methoxyphenyl)methane; 
     1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane; 
     1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-2-ethylphenyl)ethane; 
     2,2-bis(3-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 
     bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexylmethane; and 
     2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylpropane. 
     Bisphenols other than those having a carbon atom between the two phenols can also be used. Examples of such bisphenols include bis(hydroxyphenyl)sulfides, bis(hydroxyphenyl)ethers, and bis(hydroxyphenyl)sulfoxides, and the like. 
     The preferred family of dihydric phenols is illustrated below: ##STR1## wherein R&#39; 1  and R&#39; 2  are the same or different and are hydrogen or alkyl of one to eight carbon atoms, inclusive. 
     The aromatic copolyestercarbonates suitable for use in the present invention are derived from carbonate precursors and dihydric phenols which are also useful in the preparation of a comparable aromatic polycarbonate. However, more than one appropriate dihydric phenol may be used to prepared copolyestercarbonates of the invention. The aromatic dicarboxylic acid employed in the preparation of the copolyester carbonate is preferably isophthalic acid or mixtures of isophthalic and terephthalic acid. Terephthalic acid can be used alone if desired. Any ester forming derivative of a carboxylic acid whch is reactive with the hydroxyl of a dihyric phenol may be employed. The acid halides are generally employed because of their ease of reactivity and availability. The acid chlorides are preferred. 
     The standard methods for preparing copolyestercarbonate as indicated in all of the above noted documents and the state of the art preparations available in the journals can be employed to make the endcapped aromatic copolyestercarbonates of this invention. The amount of endcapper present is not unduly significant with respect to the invention. Generally, from about 2 to about 8 mole percent of the endcapping agent can be employed, preferably from about 3 to about 6 mole percent. The mole percent of the endcapping agent is based on the number of moles of dihydric phenol present. 
     The paracumylphenol molecule is illustrated in the figure below: ##STR2## 
     The preferred aromatic copolyestercarbonates have at least about 50 mole percent ester content, preferably 70 mole percent ester content. Of these preferred aromatic copolyestercarbonates it is preferred to have at least 50 mole percent. of the ester content be isophthalate, and more preferred to have greater than 75 percent of the ester content isophthalate. 
    
    
     Below are examples of the invention which are utilized to demonstrate the specific advantages and properties of the invention. These examples are intended to be illustrative and not narrow the broad inventive concept. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Bisphenol-A copolyestercarbonates having 40 mole percent ester content which was 100 percent terephthalate, or 100 percent isophthalate were prepared using 3.2, mole percent of various chainstoppers and tested for a number of properties. 
     KI is a measure of melt viscosity of the resin and is calculated according to the procedure of U.S. Pat. No. 4,506,065, column 3, line 60 to column 4, line 13. The KI appearing in all the Tables is measured in centiseconds (cs). The higher the number, the more viscous is the melt. 
     
                       TABLE I______________________________________EFFECT OF 3.2 MOLE % CHAIN STOPPER ON PERFOR-MANCE FOR POLYTEREPHTHALATE CARBONATES              CHAIN STOPPER                PHE-PROPERTY             NOL     PTBP.sup.1                                PCP.sup.2______________________________________Tensile Yield (PSI)  9693    9433    9397Tensile Break (PSI)  12,810  12,930  13,980Tensile Elongation (%)                68.1    68.3    80.8Flexural Yield (PSI) 13,810  13,220  13,510Flexural Modulus (PSI)                304,500 298,500 313,100DTUL (°C.)    156.6   163.0   162.6.125 in. Notched Izod (ft. lbs./in.)                8.0     6.9     6.9.250 in. Notched Izod (ft. lbs./in.)                7.8     7.2     7.8.125 in. Double Gate Izod (ft. lbs./in.)                37.3*   36.6*   37.9**S-Tensile Impact (ft. lbs./in..sup.2)                184     209     181Yellowness Index     8.2     8.3     8.2Melt Viscosity (KI, 6 min.) cs.                72,800  116,860 86,780Melt Viscosity (KI part) cs.                60,130  88,240  70,910Melt Stability (%)   83      76      82______________________________________ .sup.1 Para tertiarybutyl phenol .sup.2 Paracumyl phenol *100% Brittle Failure **100% Ductile Failure 
    
     Impact properties were significantly enhanced by changing from completely brittle in the double gate unnotched test system to completely ductile as well as increased tensile elongation with PCP endcapping agent. 
     
                       TABLE II______________________________________EFFECT OF 3.2 MOLE % CHAIN STOPPER ON PERFOR-MANCE FOR POLYISOPHTHALATE CARBONATES              CHAIN STOPPER                PHE-PROPERTY             NOL     PTBP.sup.1                                PCP.sup.2______________________________________Tensile Yield (PSI)  9956    9753    9634Tensile Break (PSI)  10,620  12,280  11,760Tensile Elongation (%)                80.3    107.1   101.6Flexural Yield (PSI) 14,890  14,630  14,530Flexural Modulus (PSI)                326,900 317,600 317,600DTUL (°C.)    149.6   152.4   151.1.125 in. Notched Izod (ft. lbs./in.)                10.3    13.5    11.6.250 in. Notched Izod (ft. lbs./in.)                2.4     2.1     2.1.125 in. Double Gate Izod (ft. lbs./in.)                39.9*   34.6*   39.3**S-Tensile Impact (ft. lbs./in..sup.2)                345     305     279Yellowness Index     4.5     4.3     4.3Melt Viscosity (KI, 6 min.) cs.                17,130  17,310  17,360Melt Viscosity (KI part) cs.                15,990  15,270  15,530Melt Stability (%)   93      88      89______________________________________ .sup.1 Para tertiarybutyl phenol .sup.2 Paracumyl phenol *100% Brittle Failure **100% Ductile Failure 
    
     The PCP endcapped copolyestercarbonates show an increase in the impact resistance with respect to a shift to a completely ductile break from a completely brittle break in the double gate impact test. 
     
                       TABLE III______________________________________RETENTION OF IMPACT AFTER VARIOUS HOURS OFEXPOSURE TO HEAT (90° C.) FOR THE 100%POLYISOPHTHALATE COPOLYESTERCARBONATE   .125 IN. NOTCHED IZOD AFTER HOURS OFCHAIN   EXPOSURE ft. lb./in.STOPPER 0      1      2    4    8    16  24   48   96______________________________________Phenol  10.3   3.6    3.3PTBP    13.5   14.9   13.4 3.8  3.4PCP     11.6   13.1   14.0 13.2 13.3 3.4 13.7 13.8 3.9______________________________________ 
    
     In this testing of impact resistance retention after aging the 1/8 inch Notched Izod bar at elevated temperature, the 100 percent polyisophthalate PCP endcapped polycarbonate clearly outperformed the PTBP and phenol endcapped polymer. 
     When the 100 percent terephthalate PCP endcapped copolyestercarbonates were tested, there was no significant difference over the phenol or PTBP endcapped copolyestercarbonates. 
     In the following Tables, copolyestercarbonates were tested and prepared from bisphenol-A, terephthaloyl chloride, isophthaloyl chloride and phosgene while utilizing different levels, based on bisphenol-A of the chainstoppers paratertiarybutylphenol (PTBP) and PCP. The copolyestercarbonate prepared has 78 weight percent ester content of which 93% is isophthalate and 7% is terephthalate. 
     KI is a measure of melt viscosity of the resin and is calculated according to the procedure of U.S. Pat. No. 4,506,065, column 3, line 60 to column 4, line 13. 
     
                       TABLE IV______________________________________PHENOL          PTBP        PCP% CHAIN-   KI      DTUL    KI    DTUL  KI    DTULSTOPPER CSEC    °F.                   CSEC  °F.                               CSEC  °F.______________________________________3.5     40,270  322     34,460                         327   44,760                                     3254.2     26,570  319     28,830                         317   25,320                                     3194.4     17,510  312     19,370                         323   20,200                                     3214.6     17,970  317     17,220                         319   17,420                                     320______________________________________ 
    
     In general, the data of Table IV shows that with PCP the melt viscosity is substantially lowered but the distortion temperature under load is significantly maintained in comparison to the phenol endcapped copolyestercarbonates. Therefore, a more easily processable but still highly temperature resistant polymer is present when PCP is used as the endcapping agent. 
     In Table V below, the KI&#39;s of extruded pellets as well as a molded part were measured. The 1/8 inch Notched Izod, DTUL°F and Yellowness Index of molded parts were also measured. Below are the results: 
     
                       TABLE V______________________________________   KI CS      1/8 NIMOLE % PCP     PELLET   PART    ft. lb/in                             DTUL °F.                                     YI______________________________________3.5       44,200   39,210  10.1   318     6.44.2       25,090   21,920  9.3    320     5.54.4       20,200   19,730  10.1   320     4.04.6       17,150   16,190  9.6    320     3.6______________________________________ 
    
     The loss of melt viscosity from pellet to part was significantly reduced as the chain stopper level was increased to 4.6% from 3.5%, i.e. from 88% retention to 94% retention. The impact resistance and the DTUL stayed essentially the same while the Y.I. actually improved. 
     Parts were then tested for 1/8 inch Notched Izod impact resistance, after aging at 90° C. for a specific number of hours. 
     
                       TABLE VI______________________________________    X = HOURS AT 90° C. WHILE RETAININGMOLE %   INITIAL IMPACTPCP      PTBP           PCP______________________________________3.5      8 &lt; X &lt; 24     &gt; 1444.2      X &lt; 1          24 &lt; X &lt; 484.4      X &lt; 1          4 &lt; X &lt; 84.6      X &lt; 1          1 &lt; X &lt; 2______________________________________ 
    
     From this data it is very clear that the PCP end-capped copolyestercarbonate retains its impact strength for a substantially longer period of time when aged at an elevated temperature than the phenol or PTBP end-capped copolyestercarbonate. 
     In summation, the collected data shows that the use of the PCP endcapping agent in comparison to the standard phenol or PTBP endcapping agent for aromatic copolyestercarbonates brings about significant unexpected improvements in the impact properties of the hhigh isophthalate aromatic copolyestercarbonates. PCP allows the use of higher levels of chainstopper and a resulting reduction melt viscosity, i.e. an improvement in processability, without sacrificing certain physical properties, especially retention of impact. Similar improvements are not observed for high terephthalate polymers.