Abstract:
A card read/write device comprises means for storing and updating authorization information regarding specific cards and/or card types which are authorized for use with said card read/write device. Even if a certain card is complying with the standards under which the card read/write device operates, and therefore in theory should be allowed to be used with said device, the card read/write device comprises means for denying or accepting the use of the card, each time the card is presented to the device.  
     The functionality to accept or deny a specific card and/or card type can be altered repeatedly in the lifespan of the card reader by storing—and providing means for updating authorization data in the card read/write device. The process to update the authorization data of the card read/write device, could be any hardware or software based method, such as a button on the smart card reader, an application stored in a smart card, an application stored on a computing device which is coupled to the card reader or by downloading updated information via a network such as the Internet.  
     The advantage of the present invention, is that it provides card reader providers and/or card issuers a means to control and prevent unauthorized use of the card read/write device, which said card reader provider have provided. The reader provider retains control over which cards can be used with the card read/write device, and thus the card reader provider has the freedom to enter into agreements with other card issuers, to authorize the use of card issuer&#39;s cards, with the provided card readers.  
     In alternate embodiments, the authorization data is not stored in the card reader, but in other locations, and looked up by the card reader when authorization of a card is required.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]    This application is entitled to the benefit of Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/340349 filed Dec. 6, 2001. 
     
    
     
       FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH  
         [0002]    Not applicable  
         SEQUENCE LISTING OR PROGRAM  
         [0003]    Not applicable  
         BACKGROUND—FIELD OF INVENTION  
         [0004]    The present invention relates generally to card read/write devices and specifically authorization of the use of different card types with said card read/write device.  
         BACKGROUND—USED TERMINOLOGY  
         [0005]    Network  
           [0006]    In the context of the invention the term “network” is used to describe any network where a plurality of computers, computing devices or game devices, are linked together, either through at least one server or through a peer-to-peer connection. A few examples of such networks are:  
           [0007]    A public network like the Internet  
           [0008]    Proprietary networks like AOL and Compuserve  
           [0009]    Corporate Intranets  
           [0010]    Hotels&#39; internal network  
           [0011]    Automated Teller Machine (ATM) networks  
           [0012]    The term “network” is used to describe both wired and wireless networks.  
           [0013]    Connection  
           [0014]    In the context of the invention the term “connection” is used to describe any means for coupling two devices, either through a wired connection or through a wireless connection, or a wireless link.  
           [0015]    Smart Card  
           [0016]    In the context of the invention the term “smart card” is used to describe all types of cards of the kind incorporating a hybrid or monolithic integrated circuit or “microchip”. In the context of the invention, the term “smart card” is used to refer to both contact smart cards and contact-less smart cards.  
           [0017]    The term “smart card” is also used to describe a microchip by it self, or integrated with other objects or devices, in particular portable objects and devices. Examples of such objects and devices are credit cards, memory cards, SIM cards (such as those used in cellular phones), keys or key rings. The term “card” is further used to describe the microchip integrated with any other object than those mentioned in the example.  
           [0018]    In this disclosure, the terms “smart card”, “IC card” and “chip card” will be used interchangeably to denote integrated circuit cards of this type.  
           [0019]    In the appended claims the term “portable electronic storage device” is used to refer to both smart cards as well as any other portable device that fit the description.  
           [0020]    Card  
           [0021]    In the context of the invention, the term “card” is used to describe both smart cards and non-smart cards such as magnetic stripe cards, bar code cards etc.  
           [0022]    The term card is also used to describe any generic functionality card such as payment cards, ID cards, Loyalty cards, Drivers license cards etc., regardless of what card technology is used with those functionality cards.  
           [0023]    Card Read/Write Device  
           [0024]    In the context of the invention the term “card read/write device” is used to describe any device having means for reading information from—and/or writing information to a card as defined above. Examples of such card read/write devices is a smart card POS (Point Of Sale) terminal, other POS terminals, a PC smart card read/write device, a cellular telephone, a satellite receiver, a magnetic stripe reader, a vending machine, a photo copier, an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) etc.  
           [0025]    In the appended claims the term “electronic storage and transaction apparatus” is used to refer to both a card read/write device, as well as any other device that fit the description.  
           [0026]    PCB  
           [0027]    The term “printed circuit board” or “PCB” is used to describe any type of circuit board with interconnecting conductors, regardless of the method used to manufacture said circuit board.  
           [0028]    Casino Game  
           [0029]    In the context of the present invention the term “casino game” is used to describe any game that can be played for money. These games include every game played in any traditional casino or Internet casino, but also video games and sports bets and other bookmaker bets are referred to in the following as a “casino game”.  
           [0030]    Remote Player  
           [0031]    In the context of the invention, the term “remote player” is used to describe any player that is playing a game over a network.  
           [0032]    Remote Game  
           [0033]    In the context of the invention, the term “remote game” is used to describe any game that is played over a network.  
           [0034]    Computer Peripheral Device  
           [0035]    In the context of the invention the term “computer peripheral device” is used to describe any electrical device that can be used with a computer, even if such devices in the context of the invention is described as a stand-alone unit or used with another device than a computer.  
           [0036]    “Display of the device” 
           [0037]    In the context of the invention the term “display of the device” is used to describe any means for displaying information such as game results, a card balance or instructions to a user. The display can either be comprised directly in the device of the present invention or it can be attached to the device as a separate device. A monitor attached to a computer, or a display of another device, that is used to display information such as gaming results and other information related to activities carried out using the device of the present invention is also referred to as the “display of device” in the following.  
           [0038]    License Grant Process  
           [0039]    In the context of the present invention, the term “License Grant Process” is used to describe the process a user have to go through in order to have an un-authorized card authorized for use with a card reader. Although a preferred embodiment is described in the following, it is noted that any License Grant Process falls within the scope of the present invention.  
           [0040]    License Grant Action  
           [0041]    In the context of the present invention, the term “License Grant Action” is used to describe an action a user can perform as an alternative—or a supplement to regular payment, in order for the user to have an un-authorized card authorized for use with a card reader. A few examples are described in the following, but it is noted that any kind of action a user can take to satisfy the requirements to have a card authorized for use with a card reader, falls within the scope of the present invention.  
           [0042]    License Options  
           [0043]    In the context of the present invention, the term “License Option” is used to describe the different options a user is presented with, when a request has been made to have a card authorized for use with a card reader. One example of a License Option could be the payment of a yearly fee to authorize an unlimited number of different cards for use with a card reader. Another option could be payment of a small fee, each time an unauthorized card is to be used with the card reader. The number and content of different License Options, will be determined by the card reader providers and/or card issuers, but it is noted that any License Option or any combination of a plurality of license options falls within the scope of the present invention.  
           [0044]    Interval Fee  
           [0045]    in the context of the present invention, the term “Interval fee” is used to describe a fee, such as a monthly, a quarterly or a yearly fee, that falls due within regular intervals.  
           [0046]    Payment Options  
           [0047]    In the context of the present invention, the term “Payment Option” is used to describe the options a user is given, when payment is required to authorize a card for use in a card reader. A number of different payment options are mentioned as examples in the following, but it should be noted that any means of gratification to a card reader provider, that leads to an authorization of a card for use with a card reader, is considered a payment option, regardless of the payment option involves payment with money or other means (for example a License Grant Action).  
           [0048]    Electronic portable storage device  
           [0049]    In the context of the present invention, the term “Electronic portable storage device” is used to refer to any portable electronic device that comprises means for storing data. A few examples are: a smart card, a cell phone, a PDA, a portable computer, an electronic book reader, a watch with a memory etc.  
           [0050]    Electronic Storage and Transaction Apparatus  
           [0051]    In the context of the present invention, the term “Electronic storage and transaction apparatus” is used to refer to any apparatus, which comprises means for storing data and performing transactions. A few examples are: Smart card read/write devices, POS terminals, Vending machines, ATMs, cell phones etc.  
         BACKGROUND—INTRODUCTION TO THE SMART CARD INDUSTRY  
         [0052]    Description of Smart Cards  
           [0053]    The microcircuit of a smart card is usually based on a microprocessor or a micro-controller including memory circuits, for example of the “PROM” or “EPROM” type. Data can be stored in the aforementioned memory circuits, usually in encrypted form. Some common uses of smart cards include storing value, storing information for use for identification purposes, or for access control. The data is read from memory locations and/or written to memory locations.  
           [0054]    Other logical architectures are used in particular for “electronic purse” or similar type applications.  
           [0055]    To read information from a card or write information to a card, a device must be provided wherein a card can be inserted for reading and/or writing data to and from the card. For the sake of simplicity, such a device will be referred to as a “reader” or a smart card reader, it being understood that it can equally write data and perform other ancillary functions (such as electrical power supply, presence tests etc.) referred to hereinafter and in the prior art.  
           [0056]    In all cases a smart card incorporates at least one electronic component, which comprises input/output members to which a link must be established, either through an electrical connection (in the case of a contact smart cards) or through a wireless connection (in the case of a contact-less smart cards). Said input-output members are often provided in the form of contact areas, also known as “pads”, flush with the surface of one of the principal faces of the card. Various standards (ISO, AFNOR, etc.) define the position and lay out of these contact areas. They are used not only for the aforementioned data inputs-outputs but also to supply electrical power to the microcircuit and to enable various checks to be carried out, according to the applications concerned (presence test, etc.).  
           [0057]    Contact smart cards traditionally are formed of a plastic plate having about the same thickness as a credit card, with an integrated circuit imbedded in the plastic and with contact pads on a surface of the card. Such cards come in different sizes, with the large size commonly being about the size of a credit card and with a popular small size being referred to as a MICROSIM or simply SIM card. The prior art has provided a plurality of other forms of smart cards, for example where a microchip is embedded in a key or a device to place on a wrist for access control. Often these devices are referred to as tokens. For the sake of simplicity these tokens are also referred to as cards in the context of the present invention. The form or shape of the smart card is not important to this invention as it can be adapted to be used with any type of Integrated Circuit card, no matter what form or shape.  
           [0058]    Description of Link Between Card and a Computing Device  
           [0059]    The contact smart cards are inserted into connectors that make contact between the contact pads of the card and a plurality of contacts comprised in the connector to establish an electrical connection to the electronic components of a circuit board (such as a PCB).  
           [0060]    The contact-less smart cards uses wireless means of communication, such as Radio Frequencies, to couple the smart card and the electronic components of a PCB. A conductive path is provided on a PCB to form an integral antenna, which is used to communicate with the smart card.  
           [0061]    Smart Cards in Use  
           [0062]    Smart cards are particularly adapted for use in industries requiring strict access or billing control and convenient as well as secure access to sources of payments and information. Such applications include public phones, vending machines, copy machines, laundry machines, public transportation ticketing and portable devices such as cellular phones, pagers, PDA&#39;s, laptop computers and other similar electronic devices and also stationary devices such as a PC, a satellite receiver or a telephone. Such cards can also be used in applications relating to payments, identification, loyalty programs, citizen cards, electronic elections, health services, ticketing, security access, software copy-protection, building access and machine controls etc.  
           [0063]    The cards are commonly used to authorize transactions such as purchases of goods, for access control, for identification purposes, and to allow operation of an automobile radio or a lock. Use of smart cards for secure identity authentication purposes and for online payment transactions over the Internet are expected to increase in the next few years.  
           [0064]    Today there are many hundred million smart cards in use around the world. Although many uses have been proposed and developed, today smart cards are mainly used as prepaid phone cards, as Satellite TV cards or as SIM cards in cellular phones.  
           [0065]    In recent years banks and financial institutions have begun to issue smart card credit cards, in order to prepare for the future, merchants have begun to issue smart cards as loyalty cards, government agencies are using smart cards to control access to buildings, transit authorities are using smart cards to store tickets and cities are using them for parking purposes.  
           [0066]    Introduction of the Object of a Smart Card Reader  
           [0067]    In order to effect electrical connection between a contact smart card and the electronic components of a PCB, an electrical connector or smart card reader is employed such that the connector securely accommodates the smart card therein. The connector serves as an interface between a smart card and a reading system that interprets the information contained in the card. A few examples of such a reading system are a computer, a satellite receiver, a cell phone, a pay phone, an electronic lock etc.  
           [0068]    In order for a user to take full advantage of the possibilities that smart cards offer, in particular to use a smart card over a network connection (such as the Internet), a card reader must be attached to the user&#39;s computer. The card reader establishes a link between the information comprised in a microchip on the smart card and a computer.  
           [0069]    As smart cards are becoming more commonplace, the participants in the smart card industry such as smart card manufacturers, system providers and card issuers such as banks or credit card companies and different card based loyalty programs, are all facing the same common problem that there is no infrastructure in place, to facilitate the widespread use of smart cards.  
           [0070]    As more and more consumers, businesses and public organizations are provided with smart cards, there arises a need to supply those cardholders with a smart card reader, in order to take advantage of the full functionality of smart cards. Most smart cards are equipped with an integrated chip, a memory and a microprocessor, and in order to access the information or applications that is stored on the chip, a smart card reader is required as discussed above.  
           [0071]    The Smart Card Industry&#39;s Problem  
           [0072]    The chip on today&#39;s smart cards are almost never used from the cardholder&#39;s PC, simply because almost no card readers have been distributed and installed on consumer&#39;s (or even businesses) PCs.  
           [0073]    Because only a very limited number of cardholder&#39;s have the capability to use their smart card over the Internet, there are almost no possibilities being provided of using a smart card over the Internet. When there is nothing—or very little a card holder can use her smart card for over the Internet, it is not likely that she will invest the time and money to acquire a smart card reader and connect it to her PC. This paradox is the main problem that is facing the smart card industry and the card issuers.  
           [0074]    There are a few conceivable solutions to this problem. One solution is if the PC manufacturers bundle a smart card reader with new PC systems. This involves an extra cost to the PC manufacturers, and therefore it is not likely to happen on a big scale before the consumers demand—and expect it.  
           [0075]    Another more conceivable solution is, that the card issuers provide a free (or subsidized and thus very cheap) smart card reader when they issue a smart card. There is a common consensus in the smart card industry, that it is likely that card readers will be provided—and possibly subsidized by the card-issuers, such as financial institutions.  
           [0076]    With the solutions that the present invention provide, it is now also very conceivable that a company invest in building the smart card reader infrastructure, by giving out millions of free card readers, and subsequently charge a fee from the card issuers, and/or card holders who wishes to make use of the infrastructure that has been built.  
           [0077]    Many industry sources predict that smart card readers will become as commonplace as computer mice is today, and once this happens, the infrastructure will be in place to start using smart cards to their full potential. The prediction is that a cardholder will have a smart card reader connected to a computer, and when the card is inserted into said card reader, the information and applications on the smart card can be accessed. This will allow the use of smart cards over the Internet, for example to make secure payment transactions or to verify the card holders identity by inserting the card into the reader and entering a corresponding PIN code.  
           [0078]    All the major credit card associations and companies (VISA, MasterCard, American Express) have announced global strategies, to shift from the use of magnetic stripe cards to smart cards, because smart cards provide added security and added functionality compared to today&#39;s credit cards. The shift is expected to take place over the next 4-5 years.  
           [0079]    It is therefore very likely that a few years from now, most consumers will carry a smart card, many will carry more than one smart card and often from different card issuers with each card having different functions (National ID, credit card, cash card, health care etc.).  
           [0080]    If a card issuer (for example a bank) tries to establish a proprietary smart card system, where the card can not be used outside that particular bank&#39;s network, or a if a card reader provided by the bank could not be used to read cards from other card issuers, it would eventually force the consumers to connect several different card readers to a computer, to be able to read different cards. No one would benefit from this scenario, because most likely the consumer&#39;s would simply avoid smart cards. The banking—and smart card industry realizes this, and common standards for smart cards, and card readers have therefore been developed. One such standard for card readers is the FINREAD standard, which was developed by a number of leading European financial institutions. The documentation on the specifications of a FINREAD smart card reader, as found on www.finread.com is included herein in its entirety by reference. Other smart card standards and platforms include Java Card (www.java.sun.com), Global Platform (formerly Visa Open Platform) (www.globalplatform.org), Multos (www.multos.com), Open Card (www.opencard.org), PC/SC (www.pcscworkgroup.com). The publicly available specifications of the mentioned smart card standards and platforms are included herein in their entirety by reference. The ISO organization has defined a smart card standard (ISO 7816), which is included herein in its entirety by reference.  
           [0081]    The banks might be reluctant to carry the cost of providing a card reader to their smart card holders, when there is a very real risk that the same card reader could be used with a smart card from a competing bank. This would in essence give the competing bank a “free ride” and a competitive advantage because they did not have any costs to provide card readers. On the other hand, no single bank has any interest in going up against the industry standards, and build a proprietary system. Because a card issuer is left with little choice than to provide a card reader that can also be used to read cards from competitors, so far most card issuers have been reluctant to provide free card readers to their cardholders. If card issuer A provide a free card reader to his card holders, card issuer B might save the trouble and expense of providing a card reader and at least in part rely on the card holders to get their card readers from card issuer A or other card issuers. This will give card issuer B a competitive advantage and because of this risk so far most card issuers, particularly banks, have chosen a “wait and see” approach.  
           [0082]    Demands  
           [0083]    Demand for Card Issuers to Provide Card Readers to their Card Holders  
           [0084]    There is a demand for card issuers to provide their cardholders with a card read/write device that comprises means for being coupled with a computer, to enable users to access data and applications stored on their cards.  
           [0085]    Demand for the Card Reader to be Non-Proprietary  
           [0086]    There is further a demand for the card issuers to provide card readers that are compliant with industry standards.  
           [0087]    Demand for the Card Reader Provider to Control the use of the Readers  
           [0088]    Even though there is a demand for the card issuers to provide a non-proprietary card reader, there is a demand from the card issuers (or the card reader providers) to control unauthorized use of the card readers they provide, to prevent competing card issuers from getting a “free ride”. There is a demand for the card reader provider to be able to exercise this control over the card reader even after the card reader has been installed at a users PC, thus enabling the card reader provider to later allow a user to use the card reader with a card from another card issuer.  
           [0089]    Demand for the Card Issuer to have Part of the Cost Covered  
           [0090]    If card issuers are to fully or partly finance card readers by the thousands, there is a demand for the card readers to be cheap and accordingly there is a demand for a solutions that makes it possible for the card issuers to get the cost covered—partly or fully.  
         BACKGROUND—DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR RELATED ART  
         [0091]    Smart Car Terminal Authorization Systems and Methods:  
           [0092]    A number of authentication devices, systems and methods have been proposed in the prior art.  
           [0093]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,961,142, et al.  
           [0094]    U.S. Pat. No. 4 ,961,142 describes a multi-user transaction device with individual identification verification plug-in application modules for each issuer. The object of that invention is to provide transaction equipment for use with diverse personal transaction identification devices, each having different transaction format requirements. It is further an object of that invention to provide such equipment wherein the structure, programming and data used in security operations of the terminal for various issuing organizations is maintained under the separate control of each of issuing organization.  
           [0095]    Disadvantages of U.S. Pat. No. 4,961,142  
           [0096]    While the transaction terminal described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,961,142 can be used with different card systems from different card issuers, it has the serious drawback that it relies on physical modules to be attached or inserted into the terminal, one module for each card type. This solution is expensive for the card issuers, because it requires them to provide a module for each reader. Furthermore it is very impractical for a consumer to be required to make technical installations every time the terminal should be adapted to accept a new card type.  
           [0097]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,226,744 B1, Murphy et al.  
           [0098]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,226,744 B1 describes a method and apparatus for authenticating users on a network using a smart card. The object of that invention is to provide a system where a smart card is used to gain access to restricted information on a server, without the need for the user to have installed a smart card interface on a client terminal.  
           [0099]    Disadvantages of U.S. Pat. No. 6,226,744 B1  
           [0100]    While the invention described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,226,744 B1 provide a solution for restricting access to a web server using a smart card, it does not provide a solution for controlling what types of a smart cards will be accepted by the card reader. Furthermore, today smart card reader drivers are provided with common operating systems such as Windows 2000 and Windows XP thus eliminating the need for downloading an interface from a server to a client, which is a key ingredient in the invention described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,226,744 B1.  
           [0101]    Other References  
           [0102]    See the following U.S. Patents, each of which is incorporated herein by reference:  
                                           Inventor   U.S. Pat. No.   Date   Title                   Abecassis   5,422,468   6-Jun-95   Deposit authorization system       Ahvenainen   6,199,161   6-Mar-01   Management of authentication keys in a mobile                   communication system       Anderson, et al.   4,186,871   5-Feb-80   Transaction execution system with secure encryption key                   storage and communications       Austin   4,935,962   19-Jun-90   Method and system for authentication       Benson, et al.   4,186,438   29-Jan-80   Interactive enquiry system       Berstein   4,558,211   10-Dec-85   Transaction terminal system       Boston   4,766,293   23-Aug-88   Portable financial transaction card capable of authorizing a                   transaction in foreign currencies       Burger   6,219,439   17-Apr-01   Biometric authentication system       Creekmore   4,187,498   5-Feb-80   Check verification system       Davis, et al.   6,088,450   11-Jul-00   Authentication system based on periodic challenge/response                   protocol       Davis, et al.   6,105,006   15-Aug-00   Transaction authentication for 1-way wireless financial                   messaging units       Dillaway, et al.   5,742,756   21-Apr-98   System and method of using smart cards to perform security-                   critical operations requiring user authorization       Drake   6,006,328   21-Dec-99   Computer software authentication, protection, and security                   system       Eberhard   5,473,689   5-Dec-95   Method for authentication between two electronic devices       Elander, et al.   4,500,750   19-Feb-85   Cryptographic application for interbank verification       Elliott, et al.   5,036,461   30-Jul-91   Two-way authentication system between user&#39;s smart card and                   issuer-specific plug-in application modules in multi-issued                   transaction device       Ginter, et al.   5,892,900   6-Apr-99   Systems and methods for secure transaction management and                   electronic rights protection       Gray   5,844,497   1-Dec-98   Apparatus and method for providing an authentication system       Gray   6,087,955   11-Jul-00   Apparatus and method for providing an authentication system       Gray   6,268,788   31-Jul-01   Apparatus and method for providing an authentication system                   based on biometrics       Hackett, et al.   6,182,894   6-Feb-01   Systems and methods for authorizing a transaction card       Hekstra   5,753,898   19-May-98   Method for being capable of carrying out, with the same data                   carrier, various authentication processes, as well as system       Hiramatsu   5,180,901   19-Jan-93   IC card with individual authentication function       Hoffman, et al.   5,613,012   18-Mar-97   Tokenless identification system for authorization of electronic                   transactions and electronic transmissions       Hopkins   5,757,918   26-May-98   Method and apparatus for user and security device                   authentication       Iijima   5,225,664   6-Jul-93   Mutual authentication system       Iijima   5,288,978   22-Feb-94   Mutual authentication system and method which checks the                   authenticity of a device before transmitting authentication data                   to the device       Jewell   4,891,503   2-Jan-90   Distributed authorization system       Kawana   4,697,072   29-Sep-87   Identification card and authentication system therefor       Kawana   4,746,788   24-May-88   Identification system for authenticating both IC card and                   terminal       Kowalski   6,152,367   28-Nov-00   Wired logic microcircuit and authentication method having                   protection against fraudulent detection of a user secret code                   during authentication       Kowalski   5,550,919   27-Aug-96   Method and device for limiting the number of authentication                   operations of a chip card chip       Kowalski, et al.   5,825,882   20-Oct-98   Encryption and authentication method and circuit for                   synchronous smart card       Krajewski, et al.   5,590,199   31-Dec-96   Electronic information network user authentication and                   authorization system       Kruse, et al.   4,786,790   22-Nov-88   Data exchange system with authentication code comparator       Leighton, et al.   5,351,302   27-Sep-94   Method for authenticating objects identified by images or other                   identifying information       Marcus   5,864,622   26-Jan-99   Secure identification card and method and apparatus for                   producing and authenticating same       Molva, et al.   5,347,580   13-Sep-94   Authentication method and system with a smartcard       Muftic   5,850,442   15-Dec-98   Secure world wide electronic commerce over an open network       Murphy, et al.   6,226,744   1-May-01   Method and apparatus for authenticating users on a network                   using a smart card       Nakano, et al.   4,727,244   23-Feb-88   IC card system       Newby, et al.   6,115,821   5-Sep-00   Conditional access system, display of authorization status       Nishino, et al.   5,857,024   5-Jan-99   IC card and authentication method for information processing                   apparatus       Ogasawara, et al.   5,097,115   17-Mar-92   Transaction authentication system       Pascal, et al.   6,055,638   25-Apr-00   Process and authentication device for secured authentication                   between two terminals       Perlman, et al.   6,173,400   9-Jan-01   Methods and systems for establishing a shared secret using an                   authentication token       Rikuna   4,827,113   2-May-89   Technique for authenticating IC card and terminal       Smith   4,731,842   15-Mar-88   Security module for an electronic funds transfer system       Smith   6,055,592   25-Apr-00   Smart card authentication system comprising means for                   converting user identification and digital signature to pointing                   device position data and vice versa using...       Stark   4,775,784   4-Oct-88   Credit card imprinter authorization terminal       Van Tilburg, et al   6,042,006   28-Mar-00   Authentication system wherein definition signals of two                   devices are altered, communicated between the two devices,                   and compared       Veil   6,138,239   24-Oct-00   Method and system for authenticating and utilizing secure                   resources in a computer system       Watanabe   4,709,136   24-Nov-87   IC card reader/writer apparatus       Withrow   6,116,505   12-Sep-00   Fuel transaction system for enabling the purchase of fuel and                   non-fuel items on a single authorization       Yatsukawa   6,148,404   14-Nov-00   Authentication system using authentication information valid                   one-time       Yoshida   4,709,137   24-Nov-87   IC card and financial transaction processing system using IC                   card       Yoshimura   6,126,071   3-Oct-00   IC memory card system for authenticating an IC memory card,                   and IC memory card used for the same       Zeidler   4,423,287   27-Dec-83   End-to-end encryption system and method of operation           5,406,619   11-Apr-95   Universal authentication device for use over telephone lines                  
 
           [0103]    General Disadvantages of the Authentication Systems of the Prior Art  
           [0104]    While the art referred to in the above mentioned references in some cases solve one or more of the previously discussed demands, the state of the art does not provide a solution device that solves all the discussed demands.  
           [0105]    The authentication that is performed by systems and methods of the prior art are mostly performed by the smart card itself, by a computer to which the card reader is coupled, or by a server or a database over a network. Therefore there remains the need for a device, system and method to solve the discussed problems.  
           [0106]    Objects, Summary and Advantages  
           [0107]    Objects:  
           [0108]    The objects of the present invention is:  
           [0109]    A) To provide a card reader that can function as a non-proprietary card reader, while still allowing a card reader provider to control what cards and/or card types can be used in said card reader.  
           [0110]    B) To provide a system and a method that allows the card reader provider to retain the control over the card types that the card reader will accept, even after the card reader has been distributed and installed on a user&#39;s computer.  
           [0111]    C) To provide a system and a method that allows the card reader provider to partly or fully have the cost of providing the card reader covered either by the users or by other card issuers who wishes to make use of the infrastructure that the card reader provider has built by providing the card readers to the users.  
           [0112]    Summary:  
           [0113]    The invention is a card read/write device with a corresponding system and method that allows a provider of card readers to control exactly which cards and/or card types can be used in each individual card reader. A card reader is provided to a cardholder by card reader provider “A”. Said card reader does not have to be a proprietary system so the reader can comply with any industry standard, and be capable of reading many different types of smart cards.  
           [0114]    For the sake of simplicity card reader provider “A” is also card issuer “A” in the following. It is conceivable that card issuer A is not the same company or entity as card reader provider “A”. In this case any cards from card issuer “A” would have to be authorized for use with the card readers provided by card reader provider “A”.  
           [0115]    The card reader is equipped with a microprocessor and every smart card from card issuer “A” contains encrypted identification information that determines that the card was issued by card issuer “A”. The microprocessor in the card reader comprises an authorization unit that comprises means for storing data with information about which cards and/or card types (and from which card issuers and for how long etc.) the user is authorized to use with the card reader.  
           [0116]    Card reader provider “A” can authorize that cards from other card issuers can be used in the readers provided by card reader provider “A”. If the request is made from the user, the card reader provider provides the user with instructions and means to update the authorization unit of the card reader.  
           [0117]    If the request is made from a card issuer “B”, the card issuer “B” is provided with data that can be comprised in the card to enable the card reader to be updated.  
           [0118]    When card reader provider “A” authorizes the use of a different card with their card reader, the non-volatile memory, which is comprised in the microprocessor of the card reader, is updated to reflect the latest addition.  
           [0119]    In alternate embodiments of the present invention, the authorization data can conceivably be stored in alternate location than in the card reader itself. One such example is to store authorization information on a server, to which the card reader is coupled, for example over a network such as The Internet. In this particular embodiment, a connection is made to the source where the authorization information is stored, each time a card is inserted into the card reader.  
           [0120]    Advantages:  
           [0121]    From the description above a number of advantages of the present invention becomes evident. The general advantage of the present invention is, that it allows a card reader provider to provide card reader&#39;s that comply with the industry standards, while the card reader provider still retain control over exactly what cards can be used with the provided card reader. The present invention also provide a solution that creates a revenue model for card issuers, such as financial institutions that can potentially make it completely cost-less e.g. to a bank to provide a “free” card reader to their customers.  
           [0122]    The specific advantages of the present invention are mentioned in the following:  
           [0123]    A.  
           [0124]    The present invention provides a solution that allows a card issuer or a card reader provider to provide a card reader and, a system and a method that complies with all industry standards, without said card issuer or card reader provider giving up control over what card and/or card types can be used with the provided card reader.  
           [0125]    B.  
           [0126]    The invention further provides a system and a method that allows a card reader provider to retain control over what cards and/or card types are used with the provided card reader, even after the card reader has been distributed and installed.  
           [0127]    C.  
           [0128]    A further advantage of the present invention, is that it provides a solution for a card reader provider to offer a user to be granted access to use an otherwise non-authorized card with the provided card reader.  
           [0129]    D.  
           [0130]    It provides a solution for card reader providers to authorize (or allow a card issuer to authorize) newly issued cards for use with the provided card reader, before the cards are distributed to users.  
           [0131]    E.  
           [0132]    Another advantage of the present invention is, that it provides a solution for a card reader provider to generate revenue on the card reader infrastructure that is build, thus providing an incentive for card issuers to also provide card readers as well.  
           [0133]    F.  
           [0134]    Yet another great advantage of the present invention is, that it eliminates the possibility of a second card issuer, relying on the card readers, which has been provided (and possibly paid for) by a first card issuer.  
           [0135]    G.  
           [0136]    Another advantage of the present invention is, that it provides a solution to break the gridlock that the smart card industry is finding itself in, in respect to the lack of smart card reader infrastructure and the enormous demand for such an infrastructure.  
       
    
    
     DRAWINGS  
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES  
       [0137]    [0137]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a system in which a card read/write device and an electronic storage device is communicating in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0138]    [0138]FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of the card authorization process of the present invention  
         [0139]    [0139]FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of the License Grant Process of the present invention  
         [0140]    [0140]FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of the overall Payment Process of the present invention  
         [0141]    [0141]FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of the Card Reader Update process of the present invention  
         [0142]    [0142]FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of the Payment Transaction process of the present invention  
     
    
     REFERENCE NUMERALS IN DRAWINGS  
       [0143]    [0143]FIG. 1.  
         [0144]    [0144] 1000  Smart card  
         [0145]    [0145] 1100  Communication unit of smart card  1000   
         [0146]    [0146] 1200  Security unit of smart card  1000   
         [0147]    [0147] 1210  Decryption unit of smart card  1000   
         [0148]    [0148] 1220  Encryption unit of smart card  1000   
         [0149]    [0149] 1300  ID unit of smart card  1000   
         [0150]    [0150] 1310  Card issuer data unit of smart card  1000   
         [0151]    [0151] 1320  Card holder data unit of smart card  1000   
         [0152]    [0152] 1330  Card data unit of smart card  1000   
         [0153]    [0153] 1400  Programming unit of smart card  1000   
         [0154]    [0154] 1500  Application unit of smart card  1000   
         [0155]    [0155] 1510  Application  1  of smart card  1000   
         [0156]    [0156] 1520  Application  2  of smart card  1000   
         [0157]    [0157] 2000  Card read/write device  
         [0158]    [0158] 2100  Communication unit of card reader  2000   
         [0159]    [0159] 2200  Security unit of card reader  2000   
         [0160]    [0160] 2210  Decryption unit of card reader  2000   
         [0161]    [0161] 2220  Encryption unit of card reader  2000   
         [0162]    [0162] 2300  Authorization unit of card reader  2000   
         [0163]    [0163] 2310  Relational database of card reader  2000   
         [0164]    [0164] 2400  Programming unit  
         [0165]    [0165] 2500  ID unit  
         [0166]    [0166] 2510  Card Reader Data unit  
         [0167]    [0167] 2520  Card Reader Provider data unit  
         [0168]    [0168]FIG. 2.  
         [0169]    S 1  Step  1  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 2  
         [0170]    S 2  Step  2  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 2  
         [0171]    S 3  Step  3  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 2  
         [0172]    S 4  Step  4  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 2  
         [0173]    S 5  Step  5  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 2  
         [0174]    S 6  Step  6  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 2  
         [0175]    S 7  Step  7  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 2  
         [0176]    S 8  Step  8  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 2  
         [0177]    S 9  Step  9  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 2  
         [0178]    S 10  Step  10  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 2  
         [0179]    [0179]FIG. 3.  
         [0180]    S 20  Step  20  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 3  
         [0181]    S 21  Step  21  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 3  
         [0182]    S 22  Step  22  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 3  
         [0183]    S 23  Step  23  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 3  
         [0184]    S 24  Step  24  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 3  
         [0185]    S 25  Step  25  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 3  
         [0186]    S 26  Step  26  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 3  
         [0187]    S 27  Step  27  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 3  
         [0188]    S 28  Step  28  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 3  
         [0189]    S 29  Step  29  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 3  
         [0190]    [0190]FIG. 4.  
         [0191]    S 30  Step  30  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0192]    S 31  Step  31  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0193]    S 32  Step  32  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0194]    S 33  Step  33  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0195]    S 34  Step  34  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0196]    S 35  Step  35  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0197]    S 36  Step  36  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0198]    S 37  Step  37  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0199]    S 38  Step  38  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0200]    S 39  Step  39  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0201]    S 40  Step  40  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0202]    O 10  Option  10  of the payment process of the flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0203]    O 20  Option  20  of the payment process of the flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0204]    O 30  Option  30  of the payment process of the flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0205]    O 40  Option  40  of the payment process of the flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0206]    O 50  Option  50  of the payment process of the flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0207]    O 60  Option  60  of the payment process of the flowchart of FIG. 4  
         [0208]    [0208]FIG. 5.  
         [0209]    S 50  Step  50  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 5  
         [0210]    S 51  Step  51  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 5  
         [0211]    S 52  Step  52  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 5  
         [0212]    S 53  Step  53  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 5  
         [0213]    S 54  Step  54  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 5  
         [0214]    S 55  Step  55  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 5  
         [0215]    S 56  Step  56  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 5  
         [0216]    S 57  Step  57  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 5  
         [0217]    S 58  Step  58  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 5  
         [0218]    S 59  Step  59  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 5  
         [0219]    [0219]FIG. 6.  
         [0220]    S 60  Step  60  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 6  
         [0221]    S 61  Step  61  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 6  
         [0222]    S 62  Step  62  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 6  
         [0223]    S 63  Step  63  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 6  
         [0224]    S 64  Step  64  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 6  
         [0225]    S 65  Step  65  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 6  
         [0226]    S 66  Step  66  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 6  
         [0227]    S 67  Step  67  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 6  
         [0228]    S 68  Step  68  of card authorization flowchart of FIG. 6  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0229]    In various embodiments of the present invention, described in enabling detail below, a card reader, system and method is provided, wherein authorization information is stored in a card reader, for authorization of each card that is inserted into the card reader. The authorization data in the card reader can be updated in a plurality of ways.  
         [0230]    If a user inserts a card that is not authorized into the reader, he can optionally be offered the option to be granted access to use the reader with that particular card (and possibly other cards) by paying a fee, or by performing other actions (in the following referred to as License grant Actions), as determined by the card reader provider.  
         [0231]    A few examples of such License Grant Actions that a user optionally could be required to perform to get access to use a non-authorized card the card reader includes (but are by no means limited to) the purchase of certain products or services, the purchase of products or services over a certain amount, signing up for an account (banks, brokers etc.), joining an organization, donating to certain charities, visit websites, answering questionnaires, playing certain online or offline games (or reaching a certain level in a game), solve a quiz, signing up for a loyalty program, downloading certain programs or material, installing certain programs on a computer, participating in a meeting, participate in a survey. If the user decides to pay a fee—or perform other satisfactory actions as discussed above, the authorization information in the card reader is updated accordingly, and access to use the card reader is granted. If the user opts not to pay a fee or perform other satisfactory actions, access to use the card reader with a particular card is denied.  
         [0232]    [0232]FIG. 1—Schematic Diagram  
         [0233]    [0233]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram that illustrates a preferred embodiment of a system according to the present invention that comprises a smart card and a card reader. Each element of the smart card and of the reader is further described in the following:  
         [0234]    Smart Card  1000   
         [0235]    A smart card  1000  according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises:  
         [0236]    A. A communication unit  1100 ;  
         [0237]    B. A security unit  1200  that comprises an encryption unit  1210  and a decryption unit  1220 ;  
         [0238]    C. An ID unit that comprises a card issuer data unit  1310 , a card holder data unit  1320  and a card data unit  1330 :  
         [0239]    D. A programming unit  1400 ;  
         [0240]    E. An application unit  1500  that comprises at least one application  1510 .  
         [0241]    A description of each unit of the smart card is included in the following:  
         [0242]    A. The Communication Unit  1100   
         [0243]    The communication unit of the card  1100  comprises means for communicating with the communication unit  2100  of the card reader  2000 . In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the communication between the card and the card reader is done by establishing a connection between a contact pad comprised on the surface of the smart card and a contact element comprised on the card reader. Such connection between the contact pad of the card and the contact elements of the card reader is established by inserting the smart card into a card insertion slot comprised in the card reader.  
         [0244]    In other embodiments of the invention, other means of communication can be utilized, depending on what type of card is used. A contact-less smart card communicates with the corresponding card reader using wireless means of communication (and the card is not inserted into a card insertion slot, but held close to the reader), a magnetic stripe card communicates with a corresponding magnetic stripe card reader etc.  
         [0245]    In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a smart card is equipped with 2 contact pads, one of which is used to program the card reader, the other used for other purposes.  
         [0246]    The prior art describes numerous ways of establishing communication between a card and a card reader, all of which can be used with the present invention.  
         [0247]    B. The Security Unit  1200   
         [0248]    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention the security unit of the smart card  1200  is used for encrypting and decrypting sensitive information. When a card is inserted into the card reader—or by other means coupled to the card reader, the security unit  1200  can optionally cause the user to be prompted to enter a Personal Identification Number (PIN). In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the card reader is compliant with the FINREAD specifications, and thus the reader comprises a keypad to allow a user to enter a PIN directly into the card reader, without the use of a computer keyboard.  
         [0249]    The security unit then uses the decryption unit  1220  to decrypt the encrypted PIN information stored in the card data unit  1330 , and performs a comparison between the entered PIN and the PIN stored on the card. Only if the 2 PINs match, the authorization process is allowed to continue.  
         [0250]    In alternate embodiments of the present invention, the PIN is not required and in yet another embodiment of the present invention it is conceivable that the card reader is not equipped with a keypad, but for example requires the user to enter a PIN using a computer keyboard.  
         [0251]    C. The ID Unit  1300   
         [0252]    According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, every card must comprise identification information that is used to determine whether or not a card is authorized for use with a particular card reader. An Answer To Reset command is send to the card, which in turn replies with the cards identification information. The ISO 7816 standard describes one suitable card identification system for use with the present invention. Other card identification systems could also be used with the present invention.  
         [0253]    Certain data comprised in the ID unit  1300  of the smart card  1000  must meet certain criteria stored in the database  2310  of the card reader&#39;s authorization unit  2300 , for a successful authorization to take place. Which specific criteria that must be met in order for a particular card to be authorized for use with a particular card reader, is determined by the card reader provider and/or the card issuer.  
         [0254]    C.1. The Card Issuer Data Unit  1310   
         [0255]    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ID unit comprises a card issuer data unit, which comprises data used to identify the card issuer. The Card Issuer (CI) data unit comprises at least one of the following fields:  
         [0256]    CI ID number  
         [0257]    CI name  
         [0258]    CI street1  
         [0259]    CI street2  
         [0260]    CI city  
         [0261]    CI zip  
         [0262]    CI state  
         [0263]    CI country  
         [0264]    CI corporate phone number  
         [0265]    CI corporate fax number  
         [0266]    CI corporate website  
         [0267]    CI corporate email address  
         [0268]    CI support phone number  
         [0269]    CI support fax number  
         [0270]    CI support website  
         [0271]    CI support email address  
         [0272]    CI promotional website  
         [0273]    The data in the Card Issuer data unit can be stored in either un-encrypted or encrypted form.  
         [0274]    In another embodiment of the present invention, the Card Issuer data unit comprises additional—or other fields, and in yet another embodiment the need for the ID Unit of a smart card to comprise a Card Issuer data unit can conceivably be eliminated.  
         [0275]    C.2. The Card Holder Data Unit  1320   
         [0276]    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Card Holder (CH) data unit comprises at least one of the following fields:  
         [0277]    CH ID number  
         [0278]    CH company ID number  
         [0279]    CH company name  
         [0280]    CH name  
         [0281]    CH title  
         [0282]    CH street1  
         [0283]    CH street2  
         [0284]    CH city  
         [0285]    CH zip  
         [0286]    CH state  
         [0287]    CH country  
         [0288]    CH private phone number  
         [0289]    CH private fax number  
         [0290]    CI private website  
         [0291]    CI private email address  
         [0292]    CI cell phone number  
         [0293]    CI fingerprint image  
         [0294]    CI head shape image  
         [0295]    CI other biometric information (such as voice pattern or DNA information)  
         [0296]    CI birth date  
         [0297]    CI social security number  
         [0298]    Other Useful Information  
         [0299]    The data in the Card Holder data unit can be stored in either un-encrypted or encrypted format.  
         [0300]    In another embodiment of the present invention, the Card Holder data unit comprises additional—or other fields, and in yet another embodiment the need for the ID Unit of a smart card to comprise a Card Holder data unit can conceivably be eliminated.  
         [0301]    C.3. The Card Data Unit  1330   
         [0302]    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Card data unit comprises at least one of the following fields:  
         [0303]    Card ID number  
         [0304]    Card expiration date  
         [0305]    User PIN code (for accessing the card)  
         [0306]    Admin PIN code (for programming the card)  
         [0307]    User&#39;s security level (is he authorized to update the card etc.)  
         [0308]    Card&#39;s security level (is a PIN needed to access the card, is BOTH a PIN and a fingerprint match needed etc.)  
         [0309]    License information (information about limits in the number of uses or other license restrictions)  
         [0310]    The data in the Card data unit can be stored in either un-encrypted or encrypted format.  
         [0311]    In another embodiment of the present invention, the Card data unit comprises additional—or other fields, and in yet another embodiment the need for the ID Unit of a smart card to comprise a Card data unit can conceivably be eliminated.  
         [0312]    D. The Programming Unit  1400   
         [0313]    The programming unit  1400  is used to re-program—or update information comprised the smart card reader. Optionally it is conceivable that the programming unit  1400  could also be used when re-programming or updating information on a smart card.  
         [0314]    E. The Application Unit  1500   
         [0315]    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the following applications is provided on the smart card  1000  and stored in the application unit  1500 :  
         [0316]    Secure credit  
         [0317]    Stored value  
         [0318]    Electronic wallet  
         [0319]    Insurance (such as proof of insurance and insurance records)  
         [0320]    Medical records  
         [0321]    Drivers license  
         [0322]    Driving record  
         [0323]    Electronic Tickets (such as public transit tickets, sports—and cultural events etc.)  
         [0324]    Loyalty (such as frequent flyer programs, repeat customer awards, bonus programs etc.)  
         [0325]    Electronic coupons (for example for shopping purposes)  
         [0326]    Identification  
         [0327]    Donor information (such as blood or organs)  
         [0328]    PIN and/or password holder  
         [0329]    A card issuer and the capacity of the card determines if more than one application is provided on the card. The present invention can be used with any application that can be stored on a card, and not only the few examples mentioned above. Similarly multi-application cards comprising any combination of applications can be used with the card reader, system and method of the present invention.  
         [0330]    Card Reader  2000   
         [0331]    A card reader according to the preferred embodiment of the invention comprises:  
         [0332]    A. A Communication unit  2100 ;  
         [0333]    B. A Security unit  2200  that comprises an encryption unit  2210  and a decryption unit  2220 ;  
         [0334]    C. An Authorization unit  2300  that comprises a “Positive list Database”  2310 ;  
         [0335]    D. A Programming unit  2400 ;  
         [0336]    E. An ID unit that comprises a “card reader data unit”  2510  and a “card reader provider data unit”  2520 ;  
         [0337]    A description of each unit of the card reader is included in the following:  
         [0338]    A. The Communication Unit  2100   
         [0339]    The communication unit of the card reader  2100  comprises means for communicating with the communication unit of the card  1100 . In the preferred embodiment of the invention the communication between the card and the card reader is done through establishing a physical connection between a contact pad comprised on the surface of the smart card and a contact element comprised on the card reader. Such physical connection between the contact pad of the card and the contact elements of the card reader is established by inserting the smart card into a card insertion slot comprised in the card reader.  
         [0340]    In other embodiments of the invention, other means of communication can be utilized, depending on what type of card is used, as further described above under the description of the communication unit  1100 .  
         [0341]    B. The Security Unit  2200   
         [0342]    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention the security unit of the card reader  2200  is used for decrypting encrypted data that is received from other sources or stored in other units of the card reader. Similarly the security unit is used for encrypting data before remitting it to other sources or before storing it in other units of the card reader.  
         [0343]    C. The Authorization Unit  2300   
         [0344]    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the authorization unit comprises a non-volatile memory (such as a database) wherein data is stored that is used to match data received from an ID unit  1330  of a smart card  1000 . In alternate embodiments the authorization data is received from other sources than a smart card, such as directly through the Internet or from computer software applications.  
         [0345]    The files and the fields of the non-volatile memory of the preferred embodiment of the present invention are:  
         [0346]    Database File: Card Types  
         [0347]    Card type ID  
         [0348]    Card type name  
         [0349]    Card issuer ID  
         [0350]    Is card type allowed (yes/no)  
         [0351]    Expiration date for card type  
         [0352]    Card type license ID  
         [0353]    Database File: Card Issuers  
         [0354]    Card issuer ID  
         [0355]    Card issuer name  
         [0356]    Is card issuer allowed (yes/no)  
         [0357]    Expiration date for card issuer  
         [0358]    Card issuer license ID  
         [0359]    Database File: Card Holders  
         [0360]    Card Holder ID  
         [0361]    Card Holder name  
         [0362]    License ID  
         [0363]    Database File: Card Holder Preferred Payment Method  
         [0364]    Card Holder ID  
         [0365]    Preferred Payment method  
         [0366]    Database file: Card Holder Payment Options  
         [0367]    Payment Option ID  
         [0368]    Payment Option Description  
         [0369]    Options (examples):  
         [0370]    1. Credit card  
         [0371]    2. Stored value card  
         [0372]    3. Check  
         [0373]    4. Credit an account  
         [0374]    5. Money transfer  
         [0375]    6. Online payment (such as Pay Pal etc.)  
         [0376]    7. Credit phone bill  
         [0377]    8. Credit other regular bill (such as Electrical bills, DirecTV, AOL, Magazine subscriptions, Internet subscriptions (such as those proposed according to Microsoft&#39;s proposed Net strategy) or Internet access)  
         [0378]    9. Credit cell phone bill  
         [0379]    10. Credit pre-paid cell phone card  
         [0380]    11. Credit prepaid phone card  
         [0381]    12. Cash (at participating merchants or banks)  
         [0382]    Database File: Card Holder Credit Cards  
         [0383]    Card Holder ID  
         [0384]    Credit card type ID  
         [0385]    Expiration date  
         [0386]    Credit card number  
         [0387]    Database File: Card Holder Account Information  
         [0388]    Card Holder ID  
         [0389]    Account type  
         [0390]    Financial institution ID  
         [0391]    Account number  
         [0392]    Database File: Card Holder Billing Information  
         [0393]    Card Holder ID  
         [0394]    Bill type  
         [0395]    Bill issuer  
         [0396]    Database File: Financial Institutions  
         [0397]    Financial institution ID  
         [0398]    Financial institution name  
         [0399]    Financial institution SWIFT code  
         [0400]    Other information about the institution (such as address, website etc.)  
         [0401]    Database File: License Information  
         [0402]    License ID  
         [0403]    Apply to card types  
         [0404]    Apply to card issuers  
         [0405]    Number of allowed uses  
         [0406]    Number of uses left  
         [0407]    Allowed period begin  
         [0408]    Allowed period end  
         [0409]    D. The Programming Unit  2400   
         [0410]    Database File: Admin Security Level  
         [0411]    Are user allowed to change security settings (yes/no)  
         [0412]    Admin Security level ID  
         [0413]    Database File: Possible Admin Security Levels  
         [0414]    Admin Security level ID  
         [0415]    Admin Privilege Code  
         [0416]    Database File: Admin Privilege Codes  
         [0417]    Admin Privilege Code  
         [0418]    Privilege Description  
         [0419]    Options (examples):  
         [0420]    1. No restrictions  
         [0421]    2. Must provide PIN (or other input key)  
         [0422]    3. Must provide PIN OR Biometric authentication  
         [0423]    4. Must provide PIN AND Biometric authentication  
         [0424]    5. Must provide Biometric authentication  
         [0425]    6. Must have physical card with specific card ID present  
         [0426]    7. Must have specific card ID present AND provide PIN  
         [0427]    8. Must have specific card ID present AND provide PIN AND biometric authentication  
         [0428]    Database File: Allowed Admin ID Numbers  
         [0429]    Admin ID number  
         [0430]    Database File: Admin ID  
         [0431]    Admin ID number  
         [0432]    Admin name  
         [0433]    Admin PIN code  
         [0434]    Registered Admin Card ID  
         [0435]    Biometric info (such as unique identification information using fingerprint, head shape, DNA, Iris or Voice etc.)  
         [0436]    E. The ID Unit  2500   
         [0437]    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ID unit  2500  of the card reader  2000  comprises an ID unit, which comprises data related to the card reader and the card reader provider. The ID unit comprises at least one of the following fields:  
         [0438]    E.1. Card Reader Data Unit  2510   
         [0439]    Card reader ID number  
         [0440]    Card reader provider ID  
         [0441]    Card reader manufacture code  
         [0442]    Card reader manufacture date  
         [0443]    Card reader Serial number  
         [0444]    Card reader Model Identification  
         [0445]    E.2. Card Reader Provider Data Unit  2520   
         [0446]    Card reader provider ID  
         [0447]    Card reader provider name  
         [0448]    Other embodiments of the present invention require less memory space in the card and the reader, by reducing the number of files and/or fields in the database.  
         [0449]    Another embodiment of the present invention does not require the use of a relational database, but stores authorization information in the code of the programming unit  2400  of the card reader or in the programming unit  1400  of the card.  
         [0450]    A simplified example of such code module (in pseudo code) is illustrated in the following:  
                                                                                               0.   Private Sub CheckCard ( )       1.   X = 3       2.   AuthorizedCardIssuerID = Array(“American Express”, “Visa”, “Mastercard”)       3.   LicenseExpirationDates = Array(010102, 010102, 010102)       4.       5.   NumberOfAuthorizedCards = X       6.   AccessGranted = False       7.       8.   For CycleCount = 1 to X            9.       If UserCard.CardIssuerID = AuthorizedCardIssuerID(CycleCount) and _            10.           UserCard.CardExpirationDate &gt;= LicenseExpirationDates(CycleCount) then       11.           AccessGranted = true       12.           Exit For            13.       End if            14.   Next CycleCount       15.   End Sub                  
 
         [0451]    If for example a new card issuer must be added to the list of authorized card issuers, the programming unit would only need to correct the value of X in line 1., append the new AuthorizedCardIssuerID to the string in line 2., and append the corresponding LicenseExpirationDate (if any) in line 3.  
         [0452]    [0452]FIG. 2—Flowchart for Card Authorization Check  
         [0453]    [0453]FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of the overall authorization system of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0454]    Step  1 —Insert Card into Reader  
         [0455]    A user inserts a smart card into the card insertion slot. The card reader comprises detecting means for detecting when the card is correctly inserted into—or otherwise coupled to the card reader, and ready for communication. Numerous of such detecting means are described in the prior art.  
         [0456]    In alternate embodiments of the present invention, other types of cards can be used, for example magnetic stripe cards. Similarly any other portable electronic storage media technology can be used with the present invention.  
         [0457]    If contact-less technologies are used, such as a contact-less smart card, the need for a card insertion slot is eliminated, and the card is not inserted into such a slot, but held close enough to the read/write device to establish communication between the portable storage media and the read/write device.  
         [0458]    Step  2  and Step  3 —Read Data from Programming Unit  1400   
         [0459]    When a card is detected, the reader  2000  communicates with the programming unit  1400  on the smart card  1000  to check if the programming unit on the card comprises updated information that should be programmed into the reader before further authorization steps is performed.  
         [0460]    This provides a solution for card reader providers to allow card issuers to include a programming unit in the cards, to program the readers and update the authorization unit  2300  to allow the use of the card.  
         [0461]    The data in the programming unit  1400  are encrypted in order to avoid non-authorized cards access to update the card reader with non-authorized information.  
         [0462]    Step  3  determines if the card comprises updated programming information. If it does, the Update Database procedure is called (Step  10 ).  
         [0463]    If the card does not comprise updated programming information, the next step in the authorization process is called (Step  4 ).  
         [0464]    Step  4 —Read Data from ID Unit  1300  on Smart Card  1000   
         [0465]    After the non-volatile memory has been updated in Step  10 , or it has been established in Step  3  that the inserted card  1000  does not contain any information that should be updated in the card reader  2000 , data is read from the ID unit  1300  of the smart card  1000 .  
         [0466]    Step  5 —Compare Data from ID Unit  1300  on Smart Card  1000  with Database Unit  2300  in Card Reader  2000   
         [0467]    The data that is read from the ID unit  1300  of the smart card  1000 , must match certain criteria defined in the database unit  2300  of the card reader  2000 , in order for use of the reader to be authorized. The card reader provider can determine what—and how many criteria must be met, for the card reader to be authorized for use.  
         [0468]    Step  6 —Determine if Card  1000  is Authorized for Use in Card Reader  2000   
         [0469]    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Card Issuer ID is looked up in the Card Issuer Data unit  1310  of the smart card  1000 . A search is then performed in the Authorization unit, to establish if the Card Issuer ID of the card, is included in the “positive list” in the database unit  2300  that comprises all the unique ID codes of the Card Issuer&#39;s whose cards is authorized to be used with the card reader.  
         [0470]    Depending on the criteria defined by the card reader provider, a plurality of other information such as expiration date and Personal Identification Numbers can be read from the card  1000  and be required to meet criteria defined in the database unit  2310  of the card reader.  
         [0471]    Step  7 —Offer Users a Way to be Granted Access to Use Card Reader  
         [0472]    If the information read from the card in Step  6  does not meet the defined criteria, the card reader is not authorized to be used with the inserted card. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the user will then be presented with an option to pay a fee, or perform a predetermined action such as making a purchase, signing up for a new account or joining an organization etc.. In Step  7  the user can either accept to pay a fee (or otherwise satisfy the card reader provider and/or card issuer), or he can opt not to pay such fee.  
         [0473]    Step  8 —Determine if User Wishes to be Granted Access to Use Card Reader  
         [0474]    When the user input a reply in Step  7 , it is determined if the authorization process should be called, or if use of the card reader  2000  should be denied.  
         [0475]    Step  9 —Go through License Grant Process  
         [0476]    Every card reader provider, determine their own individual grant process and what steps such process involve. The grant process of the preferred embodiment of the present invention involves the following steps:  
         [0477]    Step 22 —Provide information regarding the License Grant Process, the different options and the requirements to meet each option.  
         [0478]    Step  23 —Determine preferred (or available) license option  
         [0479]    Step  33 —Determine preferred (or available) payment option  
         [0480]    Step  65 —Receive payment from user (or proof that other satisfactory action has been taken) (see FIG. 4)  
         [0481]    Step  68 —Provide user with means to update the authorization unit of the card reader, to append the newly authorized card to the list of authorized cards.  
         [0482]    Step  69 —Return user to Authorization  
         [0483]    A flowchart of the License Grant Process (Step  9 ) is illustrated in FIG. 3 and described in further detail in the following.  
         [0484]    Step  10 —Update Data  
         [0485]    If the user in Step  8  opts to go through the License Grant Process (Step  9 ), means is provided to the user after successful completion of the License Grant Process of Step  9 , to allow the user to update the card reader according to the granted use of the reader. One example of such means is to allow the user to download an application from the Internet, having means to update the authorization unit of the card reader. There are many conceivable update processes, and any conceivable update process, procedure and method can be used with the present invention.  
         [0486]    An update process of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in the flowchart of FIG. 5. and described in further detail in the following.  
         [0487]    [0487]FIG. 3. License Grant Process  
         [0488]    Steps  20 - 29 —Determine Desired/Available License Option  
         [0489]    In the preferred embodiment of he present invention, the card reader comprises means for storing different license options in the authorization unit. When a user requests to be granted access to use a specific card with the card reader, the user is presented with the different available license options. If there is more than one license option, the user is prompted to select the preferred license option.  
         [0490]    It is conceivable that the license options are stored in other sources than the card reader, for example on a smart card, on a diskette or a CD, on a computer or on a server over a network. In these cases, a connection is first established to the relevant source comprising the license options, before the options are presented to the user.  
         [0491]    When the desired license option has been established, the Payment Process (FIG. 4) is called.  
         [0492]    [0492]FIG. 4. Payment Process  
         [0493]    Steps  30 - 39 —Determine Desired/Available Payment Option  
         [0494]    In the preferred embodiment of he present invention, the card reader comprises means for storing different payment options in the authorization unit. When a user requests to be granted access to use a specific card with the card reader, the user is first presented with the different available license options. Once it has been determined what license option is selected by—or available to the user, the user is prompted to select the preferred payment option.  
         [0495]    It is conceivable that the payment options are stored in other sources than the card reader, for example on a smart card, a diskette or a CD, on a computer or on a server over a network. In these cases, a connection is first established to the relevant source comprising the payment options, before the options are presented to the user.  
         [0496]    When the desired payment option has been established, the Payment Transaction Process (FIG. 6) is called.  
         [0497]    [0497]FIG. 5. Update Process  
         [0498]    Step  50 - 59 —Determine if Programming Key is Present—and if so, Update Card Reader  
         [0499]    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the card reader comprises means for repeatedly storing updated authorization data. To gain access to re-program the card reader, a data key (or conceivably a physical key) must be present. When an attempt is made to update the card reader, it is first determined if a key is present. Such a key can either be passed to the Update Process from other processes (such as the Payment Transaction Process), or it can be present on other sources, for example a smart card, a diskette or ad CD, or on a server over a network (such as the Internet).  
         [0500]    When a key is presented to the card reader, it is verified in the programming unit of the card reader, and if programming access is approved, the updated data is then read to the card reader. The updated information can come from any approved data source, and the programming unit of the card reader can be configured to regularly perform an automatic update, for example by logging into a card reader provider&#39;s server over a network, such as The Internet, and retrieving updated login information.  
         [0501]    [0501]FIG. 6. Payment Transaction Process  
         [0502]    When a payment option has been determined and confirmed in Step  35  of the Payment Process (FIG. 4) a payment transaction is performed depending on the selected payment option. FIG. 6 illustrates one example of such a payment transaction, which is a credit card transaction.  
         [0503]    Step  60 - 69   
         [0504]    The user is first prompted to enter the relevant credit card information. When the desired information is entered, a connection is established to a transaction server over a network (for example the Internet), and the card information is then verified at the transaction server. If the card is approved, the credit card is credited and a programming key and updated authorization information is provided to the user (or passed directly to the card reader) for use when updating the card reader to reflect the recent changes.  
         [0505]    Conclusion, Ramifications and Scope  
         [0506]    Conclusion  
         [0507]    Thus it can be seen that I have provided a system and method for controlling the use of a card read/write device with the following advantages:  
         [0508]    The ability for a card reader provider to provide a card reader and a system and a method that complies with all industry standards, without said card issuer or card reader provider giving up control over what card and/or card types can be used with the provided card reader.  
         [0509]    The ability to retain control over what cards and/or card types are used with the provided card reader, even after the card reader has been distributed and installed.  
         [0510]    The ability for a user to get an, otherwise un-authorized, card authorized for use with a provided card reader.  
         [0511]    The ability for a card reader provider to authorize (or allow a card issuer to authorize) newly issued cards for use with the provided card reader, before the cards are distributed to users.  
         [0512]    The ability for card reader providers, to generate revenues from an item, which would normally be a cost to them.  
         [0513]    The ability to discourage other card issuers to rely on unauthorized use of a card reader provided by another card issuer.  
         [0514]    The ability to break the gridlock that the smart card industry is finding itself in, in respect to the lack of smart card reader infrastructure.  
         [0515]    Ramifications  
         [0516]    While the invention has been described with respect to several preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that they are set forth purely for purposes of examples, and that many other variations, modifications and applications of the invention may be made. A few possible ramifications are mentioned in the following:  
         [0517]    Other Media Types  
         [0518]    The preferred embodiment of the present invention describes the use of a smart card and a smart card reader. It is understood that other embodiments of the present invention easily can be adapted to work equally well on any other type of electronic storage media and any devices capable of reading such electronic storage media. Some examples of the conceivable media types are (but by no means limited to):  
         [0519]    a bar code card  
         [0520]    a CD-ROM  
         [0521]    a citizen card  
         [0522]    A Compact Disc  
         [0523]    a Compact Flash card  
         [0524]    a contact smart card  
         [0525]    a contact-less smart card  
         [0526]    a DVD rom  
         [0527]    a floppy disk  
         [0528]    a hard disk  
         [0529]    a loyalty program card  
         [0530]    a magnetic strip card  
         [0531]    a memory chip  
         [0532]    a memory module  
         [0533]    a memory stick  
         [0534]    a mini disk  
         [0535]    a payment card  
         [0536]    a phone card  
         [0537]    a RAM module  
         [0538]    a RAM module  
         [0539]    a Smart Media card  
         [0540]    a stored value card  
         [0541]    A tape  
         [0542]    a Zip disk  
         [0543]    an access card  
         [0544]    an election card  
         [0545]    an electronic book  
         [0546]    an identification card  
         [0547]    Different Industries  
         [0548]    The scope of the present invention is not limited to any industry. Any industry or entity that could potentially benefit from the advantages of the present invention, and it can be adapted for use in any industry. For the sake of illustration, a few examples are mentioned in the following:  
         [0549]    Loyalty Programs  
         [0550]    A first retailer that is issuing smart cards and provide free smart card readers to its customers, have a need to ensure that other retailers does not uncontrollably rely on having their customers use the card reader provided by the first retailer. Similar concerns apply to any other loyalty program, regardless of what industry it is in.  
         [0551]    Banking  
         [0552]    When a bank provide a smart card and a card reader, for example to facilitate a shift to “do-it-yourself” online banking, they are facing a big investment in the smart cards, and particularly in the card readers. There is a great demand for a card reader providing bank to control what cards can be used in the provided card reader.  
         [0553]    Internet Payments  
         [0554]    A website or a web-merchant that provide cards and card readers to it&#39;s customers, for example to enable its customers to make micro-payments over the Internet, have a great interest in controlling what cards from other competing websites or merchants can be used in the provided card readers.  
         [0555]    Software Copy Protection  
         [0556]    It is conceivable that software manufacturers (such as Microsoft, Adobe and others) in the near future begin to bundle free smart card readers and a smart card with every software product they sell. By requiring the presence of a smart card in order for a user to use the software, the software manufacturer can effectively put an end to illegal software piracy. A first software manufacturers, that is providing card readers to its customers, have a great need to prevent other software manufacturers from simply issuing a smart card and relying on the free use of the card reader provided by the first software manufacturer.  
         [0557]    Gambling and Lotteries  
         [0558]    On- and offline casinos and/or lotteries that provides cards and card readers to it&#39;s players have a demand to ensure that other game provider&#39;s cards are not used in the provided card reader, without the authorization of the card reader provider.  
         [0559]    Smart Cards  
         [0560]    Any type of smart card can be used with the present invention, and not only those that comprise a microprocessor as described in the preferred embodiment of the invention. In the schematic diagram of FIGS. 1, 2 applications are comprised in the application unit of the smart card. This is merely for the sake of example. Any number of applications can be stored on the smart card, and still fall within the scope of the present invention.  
         [0561]    Multiple Cards  
         [0562]    In alternate embodiments of the present invention, the card reader comprises means for coupling to a plurality of portable electronic storage devices. One example is 2 IC card insertion slots, where one card insertion slot can be used to permanently hold a payment smart card, and the other card insertion slot used for various application cards.  
         [0563]    Alternate Embodiment  
         [0564]    Although not described in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a card reader of an alternate embodiment of the invention further comprises an application unit, for example an electronic wallet application.  
         [0565]    Upon manufacture, purchase or issue (or during any other point during the lifespan of the card reader) a value can be stored in the application unit, and used as payment of License Fees. Other applications can conceivably be stored in an application unit in the card reader.  
         [0566]    Collection of Fees  
         [0567]    There are numerous ways for a card reader provider to collect license fees. Although only a few is mentioned in the description, it is appreciated that any fee collection system can be used within the scope of the present invention. One such fee collection system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,321,213 B1.  
         [0568]    Proprietary Systems  
         [0569]    Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a solution for a card reader provider to provide a card reader that comply with industry standards, while still allowing the card reader provider to control what cards are used with the card reader, other embodiments of the invention, can optionally comprise a non-standard (or proprietary) card reader. Similarly alternate embodiments of the inventions can make use of proprietary card systems.  
         [0570]    Different Architectures  
         [0571]    The preferred embodiment of the present invention describes one possible architecture that can be used with a card and a card reader of the invention. Any other architecture can be used with the invention, for example could a PIN code verification take place in a Security unit instead of a Programming unit and so on. It is entirely up to each card reader provider to determine the exact desired architecture.  
         [0572]    Control Passed On  
         [0573]    A card reader provider can of course decide to pass on the privilege of controlling the use of the card readers to other companies or service providers.  
         [0574]    License Options  
         [0575]    Although a plurality of different license options is mentioned in the preceding, it is up to the card reader provider to decide which options should be made available to a user. A card reader provider can conceivably decide that a fee must be collected every single time a card is to be used in the card reader, or a card reader provider may decide to charge a small onetime fee for unlimited and unrestricted use of the card reader.  
         [0576]    Periodic Automatic Update of Reader  
         [0577]    In alternate embodiments of the invention, the reader comprises means for periodically and automatically connecting to an “update server” over a network, to update the latest authorization information from the card reader provider. In one such alternate embodiment, the reader comprises an update unit, that stores information about the last update, and when the next scheduled update should take place. How often a reader is updated, is determined by the card reader provider, who in turn can opt to allow the user to control how often the reader connects to the update server. This particular embodiment of the invention is useful if, for example, a card issuer pays a collective license fee on behalf of all its cardholders. When a cardholder inserts a card from said card issuer, the card reader has already updated (provided is has been updated regularly as outlined above), and thus the card is authorized instantly when inserted (or otherwise coupled) to the reader.  
         [0578]    Update Information  
         [0579]    Updated data to be stored in the card reader can be provided to the user in a plurality of ways. An obvious way is to provide the information on a smart card, but said information could be passed to the card reader from any other media, such as a diskette, a CD-ROM, directly from a server over the internet, from a software application on a computer etc. Any means for providing the updated authorization data to the card reader falls within the scope of the present invention. Similarly any information that is displayed to the user during any process of the present invention can come from any number of sources.  
         [0580]    Storage of Authorization Data  
         [0581]    The authorization data can be stored in any non-volatile memory in the card reader or on any device that the card reader can be coupled to. The data can be stored in any form, encrypted or un-encrypted. The authorization data can optionally be stored in a database or a relational database.  
         [0582]    Online Authorization  
         [0583]    Instead of storing authorization data in the card reader, the data can conceivably be looked up in different sources each time an authorization is required. One example is to store the authorization data on a network server, that the card reader can be coupled to, to perform an online authorization.  
         [0584]    It is also conceivable that the authorization data is stored on other storage media that comprises means for being coupled to the card reader for authorization purposes (a few examples of such media include a diskette, a smart card, a CD, a hard disk and any other means for storing electronic data.)  
         [0585]    Scope  
         [0586]    Thus the scope of the invention should be determined by the elements of the appended claims and their legal equivalents, and not by the specifics given.