Abstract:
Apparatus for adapting an adult three-point seatbelt for securing a child, the seatbelt comprising a belt extending from above the shoulder to an anchor point connected to chassis of vehicle, and a clasp attached to the chassis on opposite side of an occupant of the seat, such that the belt may be drawn downwards and across the occupant to engage the clasp, thereby restraining the occupant with both sash and lap sections of the seatbelt, the apparatus comprising: a mat with side catches for engaging the lap section of the seatbelt and holding it down over the legs of the child, and a strap fixed to the mat and having a clip at a distal end thereof, for extending behind the child, and the clip for clippably engaging the belt extending from the drum, to bring the sash section of the belt down, over the shoulder of the child.

Description:
PRIORITY INFORMATION 
     This National Stage Application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/652,338 filed on May 29, 2012, and PCT Application No: PCT/IL2013/050454 filed on May 28, 2013. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Seat belts, also known as safety belts, are safety devices designed to secure and restrain the occupant of a vehicle, preventing harmful movement during a collision or a sudden stop. The seat belt reduces the likelihood of death or serious injury in traffic collisions by (a) reducing the force of secondary impacts between the occupant and interior surfaces of the vehicle, (b) preventing the occupant being ejected from the vehicle in a crash, and (c) keeping the occupant positioned correctly for maximum effectiveness of airbags where provided. 
     Seat belts come in various types, including lap restraints or lap belts, sash belts or three point seatbelts combining the lap belt and the sash belt into a unitary device. 
     Lap belts fasten across the lap of the occupant. These were the earliest type of seat belt, and are still standard in passenger seats of airplanes. The full force of an impact is absorbed along a relatively small area across the waist of the occupant and may cause damage to internal organs. A “sash” or shoulder harness is a strap that goes diagonally over the vehicle occupant&#39;s outboard shoulder and is buckled inboard of his or her lap. The sash belt restrains the occupant over a larger area than the lap belt. The sash belt may attach to the lap belt tongue, or it may have a tongue and buckle completely separate from those of the lap belt. 
     The 3-point belt is similar to the combination of separate lap and sash belts, but is provided as a single unit. Like the separate lap-and-sash belt, in a collision the 3-point belt spreads out the energy of the moving body over the chest, pelvis, and shoulders. 
     In most road vehicles, the three point seat belt is now standard. It comprises a tough strip of material, typically woven nylon, which is fastened to the car below the height of the seat on one side of the passenger, and is wound onto a spring loaded reel or drum that is above shoulder height or at least is threaded over a pulley that is above shoulder height and then drawn down to a drum or real that takes up spare seatbelt. Typically, a buckle that is coupled to the seatbelt is pulled down, across the passenger, from the shoulder to the other side of the passenger near the passenger&#39;s waist, where it engages a clasp provided for that purpose. Typically, pressure on a release lever on the clasp, releases the buckle, and the drum winds the belt up. In some models, the seatbelt itself is pulled down and across the occupant and is shackled by a releasable rod or loop. 
     Such seatbelts restrain the seated passenger with a strap that crosses the thighs from where a fixed end of the seatbelt is fastened to the chassis on one side, through an eye of a slider that is provided with a buckle that is slid into and held by the clasp, and then up across the body and over the shoulder to the reel or pulley wheel. 
     On impact or sudden stopping, the reel jams and prevents the seatbelt from being pulled out further, and typically is configured to retract the seatbelt. Such seat belts are reliable, convenient, and easily implemented to restrain the passenger, and easily released to allow the passenger to exit the vehicle. 
     Seatbelts are mandated by law in many countries, for both front-seat and back-seat passengers of many vehicles. In some jurisdictions passengers in taxicabs and the like, are not required to wear seatbelts, but the safety advantages of so doing are nevertheless clear. 
     Until the 1980s, three-point belts were commonly available only in the front outboard seats of cars; the back seats were only often fitted with lap belts. Evidence of the potential of lap belts to cause separation of the lumbar vertebrae and the sometimes associated paralysis, or “seat belt syndrome”, led to progressive revision of passenger safety regulations in nearly all developed countries to require 3-point belts first in all outboard seating positions and eventually in all seating positions in passenger vehicles. 
     Most modern seat belts are stowed on spring-loaded reels called “retractors” equipped with inertial locking mechanisms that stop the belt from extending off the reel during severe deceleration. Seatbelts in many newer vehicles are also equipped with “pretensioners” and/or “Webclamps”. Pretensioners preemptively tighten the belt to prevent the occupant from jerking forward in a crash. Some systems also pre-emptively tighten the belt in fast accelerations and strong decelerations even if no crash has happened. Webclamps clamp the webbing in the event of an accident and limit the distance the webbing can spool out (caused by the unused webbing tightening on the central drum of the mechanism). These belts also often incorporate an energy management loop (“rip stitching”) in which the lower part of the webbing is looped and stitched with a special stitching designed to “rip” at a predetermined load, which reduces the load transmitted through the belt to the occupant, reducing injuries to the occupant. 
     As with adult drivers and passengers, the advent of seat belts was accompanied by calls for their use by child occupants, including legislation requiring such use. Generally children using adult seat belts suffer significantly lower injury risk when compared to non-buckled children. Nevertheless, it will be appreciated that three point seatbelts are standard fixtures that are appropriate for restraining adults of various shapes and sizes. They are, however, engineered for adults, and are thus typically too big for small children. Adult 3 point seatbelts are generally inappropriate for children since the lower strap crosses the stomach and is consequently uncomfortable and potentially dangerous, and the diagonal shoulder strap invariably misses the shoulder of a child, and interferes with his or her neck or head. However, if the seatbelt is positioned under the arm, the seatbelt rubs against the underarm and/or neck, and is uncomfortable. Positioning the seatbelt under the arm is also dangerous, in that both sections of the belt cross the lower abdomen, and an impact may cause the seatbelt to retract across the stomach, risking rupturing internal organs. 
     Many jurisdictions now advocate or require child passengers to use specially designed child restraints. Such systems include separate child-sized seats equipped with their own restraints and booster cushions or seats for use by children together with the adult restraints. In some jurisdictions children below a certain size are forbidden to travel in front car seats. 
     Child safety seats (sometimes referred to as an infant safety seat, a child restraint system, a restraint car seat, or ambiguously as car seats) are seats designed specifically to protect children from injury or death during collisions. Automobile manufacturers may integrate child safety seats directly into their vehicle&#39;s design. Most commonly, these seats are purchased and installed by consumers. Many regions require children of certain ages, weights, and/or heights to use a government-approved child safety seat when riding in a vehicle. Child safety seats provide passive restraints and must be properly used to be effective. However, many child safety restraints in countries such as Canada and the United States are not used properly. To tackle this negative trend, health officials and child safety experts produce child safety videos to teach proper car seat installation to parents and caregivers. Baby car seats are legally required in many countries, including the United States, to safely transport children up to the age of 2 or more years in cars and other vehicles. 
     Booster seats are recommended for children that are too big for baby seats, until they are big enough to properly use a seat belt without them. Some jurisdictions require booster seats to be used by law. Booster seats raise the child and allow the seat belt to sit firmly across the collar bone and chest, with the lap portion fitted to the hips. If the seat belt is not correctly positioned across the collar bone and the hips, it will generally ride across the neck and the stomach and cause internal injuries in the event of a collision. Booster seats also facilitate the child looking out of the window and since the child is more comfortable and has better vision, are generally accepted by children. Booster seats are required by law in the US, up to the age of 9 or a weight of 90 pounds (41 Kg). 
     However, booster seats are large and bulky devices. Where a back seat of a vehicle is sometimes used to transport adult passengers and sometimes for transporting children, the booster has to be removed and replaced. Booster seats are space consuming and their storage in the trunk of a vehicle, minimizes the amount of groceries and other goods being transported. They are an additional expense for grandparents and other occasional drivers of children. When renting cars, booster seats may need to be rented separately, which is an additional expense, tempting parents to economize. For these and similar reasons, booster seats are often not available when required. 
     Vertically challenged adults may feel uncomfortable sitting on a booster, as may shorter children being transported to social events attended by taller peers. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,136,579 to Hunter, is an early example of a booster seat that raise the child to allow him or her to look out of the windows, but is bulky and cumbersome. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,380,775 to Offenbacher describes another bulky booster seat solution. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,265,438 to Regan et al. describes a pneumatically inflatable seat that can be deflated for storage. Pneumatic solutions are complicated and unreliable, and this never really caught on. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,547,489 to Grieser and U.S. Pat. No. 4,231,613 to Jonasson describe booster seats that have side loops for engaging a seat belt. The devices are fairly bulky. They are designed for the more or less obsolete lap straps, but not for a three point seatbelts. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,291,915 to Cox describes a booster that doubles up as a suitcase and can be used for storing objects therein, going someway to overcome the inherent space requiring disadvantage of booster seats. The device described is somewhat complicated and therefore expensive to manufacture, and it is not really a practical storage solution for more than its straps. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,461,510 to Cunningham, titled “Childs safety device for vehicle” describes a booster with a strap that goes behind the child and engages the shoulder strap of a three point seat belt. The strap may be adjusted in effective length for different sized children, but the width of the seat is fixed, and the leg straps may not be comfortable for children that are significantly narrower than the booster seat. Additionally, the booster seat is fairly cumbersome. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,308,116 to Zawisa, describes a device that engages the shoulder strap of a three point seatbelt at an adjustable height suitable for smaller passengers. However, the system described therein is only suitable for outside seated passengers, whereas the middle seat is actually the safest for backseat passengers. Furthermore, although offering a solution for larger children, the lap engaging section of the strap will generally be too high for smaller passengers that are, nevertheless, too large for an infant seat. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,468,020 to Scime describes an auxiliary harness that engages the seatbelt and adapts it to the child. Scime&#39;s system is different from the typical booster that raises the child, but is nevertheless, fairly bulky and thus inconvenient. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,609,367 to Eusebi et al. describes an adjustable three point restraint system that is suitable for both children and adults. It is part of the vehicle and significantly increases manufacturing costs of the vehicle. It is not retrofittable to standard vehicles provided with conventional three point seatbelts. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,733,004 to Celestina Krevh describes a fairly simple compact device for adjusting the shoulder strap of a three-point seatbelt and making it appropriate for use by a child. The device is designed for use with a booster seat. The device described is fairly compact, but when used with a booster seat, the space required for the booster seat makes the solution bulky and cumbersome and inappropriate for occasional use. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,797,654 to Stroud describes a belt buckle/tether strap for use with a booster seat that combines the advantages and disadvantages of U.S. Pat. No. 4,461,510 to Cunningham and U.S. Pat. No. 5,733,004 to Celestina Krevh. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,845,967 to Kane and U.S. Pat. No. 7,066,536 to Williams describe other bulky booster and children&#39;s seats. 
     WO9700184 to Smith describes a safety belt restraint device that holds the lap belt down and has a flatter profile than the conventional booster seat. Two embodiments are described. The first one holds the belt down between the legs and over each leg separately. The second is a sort of tray that engages the seatbelt. It is appropriate for a child whose width is not much narrower than the tray. The pelvis of a smaller child will not be adequately protected. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,703,806 to Bell et al. entitled “Seat Belt System for a Motor Vehicle” describes a system for adjusting the shoulder strap to the height of the passenger. However, the lap strap remains configured to the width of an adult and is thus inappropriate for use by smaller children as it risks damage to a narrow pelvis in impact. 
     USSN 2012/0019033 to Kelly describes an inflatable booster. By deflating the device, it may be stowed without significantly filling storage resources needed for luggage, groceries and the like. However, as described hereinabove with reference to U.S. Pat. No. 3,265,438 to Regan et al., the inflatable system is not really practical for occasional use, by grandparents and the like. Some adults are fastidious about using the mouth nozzle to inflate a booster seat, not knowing who previous users were. Inflatable seats may take two or three minutes to inflate, and require good lungs, and are thus problematic for many people such as asthmatics, the elderly and heavy smokers, for example. Additionally, the deflated seat itself takes up space. 
     CZ 2007,466 describes yet another booster seat. 
     Despite the plethora of developments in safety harnesses and boosters, there remains a need for a compact alternative to traditional booster seats for adapting a three point adult seat belt for use by smaller passengers. Embodiments of the present invention address this need. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A first aspect of the invention is directed to an apparatus for adapting an adult three-point seatbelt of a vehicle to restrain a child, the seatbelt comprising a belt that extends from a fixture above shoulder height of an adult occupant to an anchor point attached to chassis of vehicle, such that the belt may be drawn downwards and across an occupant to restrain the occupant with a sash section of the seatbelt and a lap section of the seatbelt; the apparatus comprising: a mat with side catches for engaging the lap section of the seatbelt and for holding the lap section down over the hips of the child; a strap fixed to said mat and having a clip at a distal end thereof, the strap for extending behind the child, and the clip for clippably engaging the belt extending below the fixture, to bring the sash section of the belt down, over the shoulder of the child. 
     In some seatbelt systems, the fixture above the shoulder is a drum. In other systems the fixture above the shoulder is a pulley. 
     Many seatbelts are provided with a buckle that is mounted on a slider that is slideably adjustable along the belt and a clasp on a distal end of a flexible rod that is attached at its proximal end to the chassis, such that the buckle may be engaged by the clasp. 
     In some embodiments, the mat is flexible and the apparatus may be compacted for storage. Compacting may be by rolling up or by folding, for example. 
     In one embodiment, the mat is segmented, comprising at least two stiff sections hinged together, and the apparatus may be folded for storage. 
     Optionally, adjacent sections of the mat may be hinged together. In some embodiments, the adjacent sections are hinged together by cloth hinges. 
     Typically, the side catches are selected from the group comprising shackles, open buckles, and hooks, particularly C hooks. 
     Preferably, the effective length of the strap may be adjusted by a buckle. 
     In some embodiments, the clip comprises a locking magnetic element. 
     Optionally, separation of side catches is adjustable to adjust said apparatus to children of different widths. 
     In some embodiments, the side catches are mounted on arms that extend from said mat a variable amount. 
     Typically the strap comprises woven nylon. However, the strap may comprise other tough materials, such as steel, Kevlar™ or leather, for example. 
     In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a car chair comprising a seat and a back, the seat further comprising side catches attached to the seat for engaging a lap section of a seat belt and directing it across thighs of an occupant, and a clip attached to the back for engaging a shoulder sash section of the seatbelt and directing it across shoulder of occupant. 
     In some embodiments the side catches comprise C clips detachably attachable to loops in fabric of the seat. In other embodiments the side catches comprise shackles open buckles, hooks and clips detachably attachable to loops in fabric of the seat. 
     In some embodiments the side catches comprise straps provided with one part of a hook and loop fabric fastener, to detachably attach to a second part of the hook and loop fastener sewn to fabric of the seat. 
     In some embodiments the clip attached to the back for engaging the shoulder sash comprises a loop permanently attached to fabric of the seat back. 
     In some embodiments the clip attached to the back for engaging the shoulder sash section comprises a strap provided with one part of a hook and loop fabric fastener to detachably attach to a second part of the hook and loop fastener sewn to fabric of the seat back. 
     In some embodiments the clip attached to the back for engaging the shoulder strap comprises a substantially vertical series of cloth loops permanently attached to fabric of the seat back and a detachable clip for engaging one of said cloth loops and the shoulder sash section of the seat belt. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       For a better understanding of the invention and to show how it may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, purely by way of example, to the accompanying drawings. 
       With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention; the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice. 
       In the accompanying drawings: 
         FIG. 1 a    is a schematic illustration of a three point seatbelt of the prior art; 
         FIG. 1 b    is a schematic illustration of an adult size occupant of a car seat, restrained by a three point seatbelt of the prior art; 
         FIG. 2 a    shows an adult pulling a seatbelt of the prior art down and across; 
         FIG. 2 b    shows the adult of  FIG. 2 a    buckling the seatbelt of the prior art; 
         FIG. 3  shows a child wearing an adult seatbelt of the prior art where the sash section rubs against the child&#39;s neck; 
         FIG. 4  shows a child with the seatbelt of the prior art adjusted to go under the arm; 
         FIG. 5  shows a child sitting on a booster seat of the prior art and raised thereby, so that the seatbelt is correctly and comfortably positioned; 
         FIG. 6  shows a first embodiment of the present invention, comprising a flexible roll up mat with hinged shackles for engaging the lap section of a seatbelt, and a strap with a clip for engaging the vertical section of the seatbelt, so that the sash belt correctly spans from shoulder to hip; 
         FIG. 7 a -7 e    show various side catches that may be used as part of the apparatus of various embodiments for engaging the lap section of the seatbelt; 
         FIG. 8  shows a child sitting on mat of  FIG. 6 , with the shackles and clip pulling both lap strap and sash strap downwards into a comfortable position with respect to the child, and 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic representation of a seat belt engaging system that is integral to a car chair. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 a   , a three point seatbelt system  10  is shown. The three point seatbelt  10  consists of a seatbelt  12  of tough, flexible material, typically woven nylon, which is attached to the chassis of the car at a lower attachment point  16 , typically behind the edge where the seat  22  and back  24  meet. As shown in  FIG. 1 b   , the top end of the belt  12  goes over a fixture  20  that may be attached to the chassis of the vehicle, above shoulder height  26  of an occupant  28  sitting on the seat  22 . In some vehicles, the fixture  20  is a sprung loaded reel or drum around which the seatbelt  12  is wound. In other vehicles the fixture  20  is a pulley, and the seatbelt  12  goes over and around the pulley and down to a take up reel or drum below the level of the pulley, which may be exposed or concealed behind a cover. 
     In many three point seatbelts systems  10 , a slider  30  having a slot  32  through which the seatbelt  12  runs and a protruding tongue  34  is provided. The slider  32  can be raised or lowered along the seatbelt  12  between the lower point of attachment  16  and the fixture  20 . A clasp  36  is provided, typically on a flexible rod for front or back seats, and sometimes on a strap  38  for back seats, that is fixed to the chassis of the vehicle. The clasp  36  is configured to lockingly engage the tongue  34  of the slider  30 . 
     An occupant  28  restrained by the seatbelt system  10  of  FIG. 1 a    is shown in  FIG. 1   b.    
     With reference to  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   , An occupant  40  of the seat  42 , sitting between the taut length of seatbelt  12 , on the outer side of occupant  40  and the flexible rod  46  on the inner side of occupant  40  slides the slider  30  to a convenient position and then pulls it across and down so that the tongue  34  thereof may be inserted into the clasp  36  where it is locked in place. The seatbelt  12 , thus stretches from the fixture (not shown), down, over the shoulder  26  and across the torso  44  of the occupant  40 , through a slot  32  of the slider  30  attached to the tongue  34  that is lockingly engaged by the clasp  36 , creating a sash strap section  54  of the seatbelt  12 , and then the belt  12  goes back over the occupant&#39;s  40  lap to create a lap strap section  56  and is fixed to the lower anchor point  16 . 
     The type of arrangement shown in  FIGS. 1 a , 1 b , 2 a , 2 b    is a well established solution. Commercially available three point seat-belts are widely employed and are required by regulatory authorities in many cases. A drum is often provided that keeps the seatbelt  12  taut. The slider  30  may be moved up and down the seatbelt  12 . The drum may be the fixture above the occupant&#39;s shoulder, or the fixture  20  may be a pulley rod over which the seatbelt  12  is threaded, and the drum or take up reel may be positioned below the fixture  20 , possibly out of sight. In some vehicles, the seatbelt  12  itself is engaged by a clasp or similar, on the inner side of the passenger, rendering the slider  30  and tongue  34  arrangement obsolete. There are also various other three-point seat belt arrangements, mutatis mutandis. These features enable the seatbelt arrangement to be easily adjusted for comfort by occupants  28 ,  40  of a wide variety of shapes and sizes, including, inter alia, tall, short, fat, thin, male and female occupants. 
     With reference to  FIG. 3 , it is well established that adult sized seat belt arrangements  10  of  FIGS. 1 a , 1 b , 2 a , 2 b   , are not appropriate for smaller children  60 , since the diagonal sash section  54  of the belt  12  tends to rub against the child&#39;s neck  62  or face, and the lap belt  56  section rides too high, and pushes of the child&#39;s stomach  58 , since the clasp  36  is invariably on a flexible rod that holds the seat belt in too high a position above the child&#39;s lap. Indeed, even when the clasp  36  is on a short strap, it still has a tendency to ride up, due to the relatively small legs of the child and the wide separation between the anchor point and the clasp. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , sometimes smaller children fasten the diagonal sash section  54   a  under the arm  64 . This solution is more comfortable for the smaller child  60 , but results in both the sash section  54  and the lap section  56  lying across the smaller child&#39;s abdomen  58 . If the vehicle stops suddenly, instead of retracting against the shoulder and rib cage which are relatively hard and protective, the seat belt retracts against the soft tissue and may cause internal damage. 
     With reference to  FIG. 5 , booster seats  70  of various types have been proposed for use with three point seatbelts  12 . The booster seat  70  raises the child  60 , and this adjusts the position of the child  60  with respect both to the sash section  54  and the lap section  56  of the seatbelt  12 . However, booster seats  70  have two inherent problems. Firstly, they are relatively bulky and when stored in the trunk of the car to make room for adult passengers, take up a lot of space. Secondly, some older children/young adults, may be self conscious about using something they consider babyish. 
     Embodiments of the present invention address these issues. 
     With reference to  FIG. 6 , a first embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. The embodiment consists of an apparatus  200  that consists of a mat  205  to which a strap  220  is attached. This strap  220  is intended to engage the sash section  54  of a seatbelt  12  of a standard seatbelt arrangement  10 . Also attached to the apparatus  200  are side catches  215   a ,  215   b , that engage the lap section  36  of the seat belt  12  and pull it downwards, towards the seat  20  and the legs of a child occupant  60  sitting on the mat  205  and hold the seatbelt  12  down on each side of the child  60 . The strap  220  is provided with a clip  225  for adjustably clipping sash section  54  of the seatbelt  12 , so that the sash section  54  of the seatbelt  12  is held at an appropriate height to lie across the shoulder  64  of the child  60 , and not against the neck  62  of the child  60 . Apparatus  200  is shown as including a circular mat  205 , but it will be appreciated that the mat  205  may be oblong, square or substantially any shape. In some embodiments, the mat  205  may be fabricated from nylon or other tough fabric so that it may be folder or rolled away when not in use. In other embodiments, the mat  205  may be fabricated from two or more sections  250 ,  255  that are hinged together by a hinge such as a cloth hinge  260 , allowing the apparatus  200  to be folded. Apparatus  200  of the invention overcomes at least two disadvantages of booster seats  70 . Firstly, the apparatus  200  is far less bulky than a booster seat  70 , and therefore may be carried in a schoolbag or satchel by the child, in a mother&#39;s handbag, or stored in the glove compartment or under the front seats of the vehicle. If stored in the trunk of the vehicle, it nevertheless takes up much less room than conventional booster seats  70 . Additionally, the apparatus  200  is more discrete than a booster seat  70  and is therefore perceived as less childish by the smaller child  60 , and therefore more likely to be used by a child who is older but nevertheless too short for unaided use of an adult seatbelt  12 . 
     The mat  205  itself may be fabricated from substantially any material. Preferably at least a widthwise strap  210  and the strap  220  for engaging the sash section  54  of the seatbelt  12  are fabricated from nylon, or other tough fabric, or from leather, for example. The widthwise strap  210  may, however, be a steel strip, for example. In preferred embodiments, the width wise strap  210  of the mat  205  is provided with a number of loops  212  to which the side catches  215   a ,  215   b  may alternatively be coupled. In this manner, the effective width of the apparatus  200  may be adjusted to the width of the pelvises of children of different sizes, or may be periodically adjusted to that of a child as he/she grows or by different children of different sizes. 
     With reference to  FIG. 7 a -7 d   , the side catches  215   a ,  215   b  shown in  FIG. 6 , may be shackles  215   c ,  215   d  or clips  80 ,  90  that may be opened to allow insertion of the seat belt  12 , and then closed to hold the seatbelt  12 . There are very many easily opened and closed shackles used that can be used to engage and hold the seatbelt  12  in place over the legs of the occupant. In addition to a purposely designed shackle for the apparatus  200 , some easily opened and closed commercially available shackles are designed for rock-climbing and are sufficiently strong for restraining an occupant in a head on collision. Other types of side catches  215  may be employed. For example, clip  80  shown in  FIG. 7 c    has a loop  82  for a seatbelt  12 , into which the seatbelt  12  may be slid and removed by pressing on a sprung loaded flap  84 . In  FIG. 7 d   , a split buckle  90  is shown, having a gap  92  through which a seatbelt  12  may be threaded, and then straightened in slot  94  and restrained therein by broken strip  96 . The strip  98  on the other side of the split buckle  90  may be solid if permanently fixed to apparatus  200 , or may be provided with a gap  92   b.    
     Referring to  FIG. 7 e   , preferably, however, the side catch is an open, typically flattened, C shaped clip  100 , enabling the seatbelt to be easily positioned and disengaged, with one hand. 
     With reference to  FIG. 8 , a child  60  sitting on the apparatus  200  of  FIG. 6  is shown, illustrating how the apparatus  200  enables the adult three-point seatbelt arrangement  10  to be adjusted to comfortably secure a child  60 . Referring to  FIG. 8 , mat  205  is placed on the seat  22  of the vehicle, with strap  220  positioned rearwards. Strap  220  extends upwards and the clip  225  coupled thereto may be clipped onto sash section  54  of seatbelt  12 , above the shoulder  64  of the child  60 . In this way, the sash section  54  is held downwards and correctly positioned across the shoulder of the child. The side catch  215   a  ( 215   b  not shown) are proximate to the thighs of the child  60  and hold the lap section  54  of the strap down across the lap. 
     The clip  215  and side catches  215  may vary considerably within the scope of the invention, and some embodiments consists of hook arrangements, rods threaded through two eyes and the like. 
     The strap  220  may be riveted or sewn to the mat  205  and the clip  225  may be attached to the strap  220  by a buckle  230  whose tongue may be threaded through any of a number of eye holes  235  punched through the strap  220 . In other embodiments, other adjustment means, may be used to appropriately size the strap. 
     In other embodiments, the mat  205  may be rigid. Preferably the rigid mat is foldable for ease of storage. The side catches  215   a ,  215   b  may be attached to the mat by extendible arms or straps to allow the apparatus to be sized to occupants of different sized pelvises. 
     Although described hereinabove for use by children, it will be appreciated that the apparatus  200  may be used by shorter adults as well. 
     With reference to  FIG. 9 , a further embodiment is shown in which the system for engaging the seatbelt and adjusting it for child or generally smaller occupants is part of the car chair  300 , which may be a front seat, a back seat, or part of a back bench for two or three passengers. For purposes of illustration, the car chair  300  illustrated is the middle sitting position of the backseat of a vehicle, which is designed for two or three occupants. 
     The car chair consists of a seat  302  and a back  304 , which are generally upholstered and may have rigid frames. The seat  302  is provided with side catches  306 A,  306 B attached to the seat  302  for engaging a lap section  56  of a seat belt  12  and directing it across thighs of an occupant ( 60   FIG. 8 ), and a clip  308  attached to the back  304  of the car chair  300  for engaging a shoulder strap  54  of the seatbelt  12  and directing it across the shoulder  64  of the occupant  60 . 
     In some embodiments the side catches  306 A,  306 B comprise C clips (e.g.  100   FIG. 7 e   ) detachably attachable to loops in the fabric of the seat  302  upholstery. In other embodiments the side catches  306 A,  306 B comprise shackles  215   c ,  215   d , open buckles  90 , hooks and clips  80  detachably attachable to loops in the fabric or permanently attached to the fabric of the seat  302 . 
     In some embodiments the side catches  306 A,  306 B comprise straps provided with one part of a hook and loop fabric fastener (as developed by Velcro™), to detachably attach to a second part of the hook and loop fastener sewn to fabric of the seat  302 . 
     In some embodiments the clip  308  attached to the back  304  of the seat, for engaging the shoulder sash  54  part of the seatbelt  12  comprises a loop permanently attached to fabric of the seat back  304 . In other embodiments the clip  308  attached to the back  304  of the car chair  300  for engaging the shoulder sash  54  part of the seat belt  12  comprises a strap provided with one part of a hook and loop fabric fastener (Velcro™) to detachably attach to a second part of the hook and loop fastener sewn to fabric of the seat back  304 . In some embodiments the clip  308  attached to the chair back  304  for engaging the shoulder sash  54  section of the seat belt  12  comprises a substantially vertical series of cloth loops permanently attached to fabric of the seat back  304  and a detachable clip e.g.  215 ,  90 ,  100  ( FIG. 7 ) for engaging one of the cloth loops and the shoulder sash section  54  of the seat belt  12 . 
     Thus persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and includes both combinations and sub combinations of the various features described hereinabove as well as variations and modifications thereof, which would occur to persons skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. 
     In the claims, the word “comprise”, and variations thereof such as “comprises”, “comprising” and the like indicate that the components listed are included, but not generally to the exclusion of other components.