Abstract:
A bacterial strain of  Actinoplanes sp.  and an application thereof. The bacterial strain is named  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20, whose preservation number is CGMCC No. 7294. The bacterial strain can generate Fidaxomicin, and Fidaxomicin has an inhibitory effect on various gram positive bacteria pathogens, and in particular, on  Clostridium difficile.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The present application is the U.S. national stage application of International Application PCT/CN2014/088536, filed Oct. 14, 2014, which international application was published on Apr. 23, 2015, as International Publication WO02015/055107. The International Application claims priority of Chinese Patent Application 201310501389.3, filed Oct. 16, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
         [0002]    Field of Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to microorganism engineering technology, in particular to an  Actinoplanes sp  strain and application thereof in preparing Fidaxomicin. 
         [0004]    Prior Arts 
         [0005]    Diarrhea, colonitis and other intestinal diseases caused by the infection of  clostridium difficile  have features of high pathogenicity and high lethality. In as early as 2003,  clostridium difficile  had given rise to infection epidemic in numerous provinces in Canada. Up to Oct. 2008, a  clostridium difficile  ribosome type 027 with high pathogenicity and high lethality had given rise to nosocomial infection epidemic in at least 40 states in US. Soon after the type 027 was discovered in North America, the fulminant epidemic of  clostridium difficile  appeared in succession in 17 European countries.  Clostridium difficile  has been listed as mandatorily monitored pathogen in Europe. Under the lead of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), three epidemiological investigations were conducted in 2002, 2005 and 2008 all over Europe. For a long time,  clostridium difficile -associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been a major focus of study in the medical field, and it is an important task for pharmaceutical researchers to seek new drugs treating CDAD. 
         [0006]    In 2011, FDA authorized Optimer pharmaceutical company to produce a macrolides new drug Fidaxomicin, whose commercial name is Dificid, to treat  clostridium difficile -associated diarrhea (CDAD). Fidaxomicin is R-Tiacumicin B. In the patent U.S. Pat. No. 4,918,174 published in 1986, the applicant of which is Robert et al, it was first disclosed that  Dactylosporangium aurantiacum  subsp.  hamdenensis NRRL  18085 can ferment and produce an antibiotic Tiacumicin and structure thereof to inhibit gram positive bacteria. Lipiarmycins are a group of compouds closely relevant to Tiacumicin. Lipiarmycins A3 and Lipiarmycins B3 are similar to Tiacumicins B and Tiacumicins C (J. Antibiotics, 1988, 308-315), respectively. Patent U.S. Pat. No. 3,978,211 has disclosed that Lipiarmycins and its producer strain  Actinoplanes deccanensis  A/10655 ATCC 21983. The producer strain  Catellatospora  sp. Bp3323- 81 of Lipiarmycins A3 was disclosed in J. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2008, 62,713-719. The above producer strains of Tiacumicin and Lipiarmycins have the disadvantages of low potency of target products (Tiacumicin and Lipiarmycins), drastic fluctuation of production, instability and high cost of production. Hence seeking for a new highly-effective producer strain of Fidaxomicin is still on going. 
         [0007]    Content of the Present Invention 
         [0008]    One of the aims of the present invention is to provide a new  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20, which has the ability to produce Fidaxomicin, with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 7294. 
         [0009]    The aim of the present invention is also to provide an  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20 (CGMCC No. 7294), which can be used to produce Fidaxomicin and analogue thereof, or can be used to produce pharmaceutical composition containing Fidaxomicin. 
         [0010]    The present invention also provides a method of preparing Fidaxomicin and analogue thereof by  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294). The method comprises aerobically fermenting the  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20 in nutrient medium containing assimilable carbon and/or nitrogen sources. 
         [0011]    Preferably, the assimilable carbon source is selected from the group consisting of saccharose, glucose, fructose, rhamnose, raffinose, xylose, arabinose, industry molasses, lactose, galactose, maltose, mycose, xylan, dextrin, starch, sorbitol, saligenin, inositol, mannitol, glycerol, glycine and inulin. 
         [0012]    Preferably,the assimilable nitrogen source is selected from the group consisting of beef extract, salvelike yeast extract, yeast extraction, yeast powder, peptone, tryptone, gluten powder, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, soybean meal, corn steep liquor powder, bran, urea, ammonium salt and nitrate. 
         [0013]    Preferably,the temperature of the aerobic fermenting is 20 ° C. to 40 ° C., more preferably 25° C. to 30° C.; pH is 6.0-8.0, more preferably 7.0; time is 144-240 hours; aeration rate is 0.5-1.0 vvm. 
         [0014]    Preferably, the mode of the aerobic fermenting is submerged fermentation. 
         [0015]    The invention also provides a method of separation and purifying Fidaxomicin. The method comprises submitting the fermentation broth to extraction, concentration and column chromatography, etc., to prepare the compound. 
         [0016]    Fidaxomicin can be detected by HPLC in the following conditions: 
         [0017]    Chromatography Column: C18 Column, 5 μm,4.6×250 nm; Mobile phase A: 0.05% phosphoric acid (v/v); 
         [0018]    Mobile phase B: 90% acetonitrile (v/v); 
         [0019]    Flow rate: 1.00 ml/min; 
         [0020]    Detection wavelength: 250 nm; 
         [0021]    Program: 0-20 min: 5%-100% phase B; 20-21 min: 100% phase B; 21-22 min: 100%-5% phase B; 
         [0022]    Sample volume: 10 μl. 
         [0023]    The producer strain of Fidaxomicin of the present invention is  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20(CGMCC NO. 7294). 
         [0024]    The  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20(CGMCC NO. 7294) of the present invention was preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (Address: NO. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences) on Mar. 11, 2013, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO. 7294, classification name is  Actinoplanes  sp. The  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) has been registered and proved viable. 
         [0025]    The main biological features of Actinoplanes sp HS-16-20 of the invention are: The color of the colony is croci, and the colonial morphology is round, with a ruga and embossmen on the surface. The diameter of the colony is middle sized, about 6 mm. The colony is humidish, and the hyphae are loosely in touch with the medium and can be picked easily. 
         [0026]    The present invention describes the feature in morphological and molecular level of  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20. Compared with the features of known producer strains of Tiacumicin and Lipiarmycins in morphology and molecular level, it can be ascertained that  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20 belongs to  Actinoplanes  sp, however, as a brand-new strain, it is different from the known producer strains of Tiacumicin and Lipiarmycins,  Dactylosporangium aurantiacum  subsp.  hamdenensis NRRL  18085, Actinoplanes deccanensis A/ 10655 ATCC 21983 and  Catellatospora  sp. Bp3323-81. 
         [0027]    The  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20 of the present invention has following advantages compared to the producer strains of Fidaxomicin in prior arts: 
         [0028]    The  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20 of the present invention enhances the fermentation unit. The  Actinoplanes  sp HS-16-20 of the invention produces substantially larger amount of Fidaxomicin and analogue thereof compared to the original strains and is beneficial for industrial production. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0029]      FIG. 1  is a HPLC figure of pure Fidaxomicin obtained in Example 8 of the invention. 
           [0030]      FIG. 2  is a ESI/MS figure of pure Fidaxomicin obtained in Example 8 of the invention. 
           [0031]      FIG. 3  is a  1 H-NMR figure of pure Fidaxomicin obtained in Example 8 of the invention. 
           [0032]      FIG. 4  is a  13 C-NMR figure of pure Fidaxomicin obtained in Example 8 of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0033]    The reagent used to adjust the pH of liquid culture medium of the following examples is NaOH solution or hydrochloric acid regularly used in the art. 
         [0034]    Water is used to obtain a needed volume of various culture media in the following examples. Weigh the materials according to the recipe and mix the materials thoroughly, then add water to the needed volume, and lastly use NaOH solution or hydrochloric to adjust pH as needed. 
         [0035]    The formula of used media of the invention are as follows: 
         [0036]    ISP1 medium (g/L) : glycerinum 10.0, asparagine 1.0, K 2 HPO 4  1.0, trace element solution 1.0 ml, agar 15.0, pH7.0-7.4. The components of the trace element solution are (g/L) : FeSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.1, MnCl 2 .4H 2 O 0.1, ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.1. 
         [0037]    ISP2 medium (g/L) : yeast extract powder 4.0, malt extract powder 10.0, glucose 4.0, agar 15.0, pH 7.3. 
         [0038]    ISP3 medium (g/L) : oat agar 72.5, agar 2.5, trace element solution 1.0m1, pH 7.0-7.4. The components of the trace element solution are (g/L) : FeSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.1, MnCl 2 .4H 2 O 0.1, ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.1. 
         [0039]    ISP4 medium (g/L) : soluble starch 10.0, K 2 HPO 4  1.0, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 1.0, NaCl 1.0, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  2.0, CaCO 3  2.0, trace element solution 1.0 m1, agar 15.0, pH 7.0-7.4. The components of the trace element solution are (g/L) :FeSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.1, MnCl 2 .4H 2 O 0.1, ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.1. 
         [0040]    ISP5 medium (g/L): glucose 10.0, asparagine 0.5, K 2 HPO 4  0.5, agar 15.0, pH 7.0-7.4. 
         [0041]    ISP9 medium (g/L) : (NH 4 )  2 SO 4  2.64, KH 2 PO 4  2.38, K 2 HPO 4  5.65, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 1.00, CaCl 2 .2H 2 O 0.10, agar 15.00, trace element solution 1ml. The components of the trace element solution are (g/L) : CuSO 4 .5H 2 O 0.64, FeSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.11, MnC1 2 .4H 2 O 0.79, ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.15. 
         [0042]    Gauserime 1 synthetic agar medium (g/L) : soluble starch 20.0, KNO 3  1.0, K 2 HPO 4  0.5, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.5, NaC1 0.5, FeSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.01, pH 7.2-7.4. 
         [0043]    Calcium malate agar medium (g/L) : calcium malate 10.0, glycerinum 10.0, K 2 HPO 4  0.05, NH 4 Cl0.5, agar 15.0, pH 7.2-7.4. 
         [0044]    LB medium (g/L) : tryptone 10.0, NaCl 10.0, yeast extract 5.0, agar 15.0, pH 7.0. 
         [0045]    YMS medium (g/L) : yeast extract 4.0, malt extract 10.0, glucose 4.0, micro liquid 5ml. The components of the micro liquid are (g/L) : MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 80.0, CaCO 3  20.0, FeSO 4 .2H 2 O 6.0 ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O 2.0, MnSO 4 .7H 2 O 2.0, CoCl 3 .6H 2 O 0.5, NaMoO 4 .2H 2 O 1.0. 
         [0046]    Czapek Dox Agar medium (g/L) : saccharose 30.0, NaNO 3  3.0, K 2 HPO 4  1.0, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.5, KCl0.5, FeSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.01, agar 20.0, pH 6.0-6.5. 
         [0047]    GYEA medium (g/L) : glucose 10.0, yeast extract powder 10.0, pH6.8. 
         [0048]    The sources of the strains used for comparison in the present invention are as follows: 
         [0049]      Dactylosporangium aurantiacum  subsp.  hamdenensis  NRRL 18085 is purchased from NRRL (Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection). 
         [0050]      Actinoplanes deccanensis  A/10655 ATCC 21983 is purchased from ATCC (American type culture collection). 
         [0051]      Catellatospora  sp. Bp3323-81 is purchased from Novartis, Switzerland. 
       EXAMPLE 1 
     Source of the Strain 
       [0052]      Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 CGMCC NO. 7294 is an actinomycetes strain isolated from a soil sample on the top of Mount Baiyun, Taizhou, Zhejiang. 
         [0053]    Cross-sampling in the delimited region in Baiyun, Taizhou was performed, and five sampling sites were picked at random. 10 g of soil sample was collected at each site and put into a conical flask. 10 g of the sample was picked out after being well-mixed, and was added into a conical flask containing 90 mL deionized water with a magnetic stirring apparatus inside, and vortexed for 30 mins to allow the sample to blend into turbid liquid, and that was 10 −1  bacterial liquid. The bacterial liquid was diluted by 1:9 using aquae sterilisata to reach the concentrations of 10 −2 , 10 −3,  10 −4  and 10 −5  respectively according to the spread plate method. 0.1 mL of the bacterial liquid of different dilution ratio was spread on ISP2 medium-coated plates by slight spreading on the surface of the culture medium using a sterilized spreader. The plate stood for 30 min at room temperature and then was placed in an incubator set at 28 ° C. When the colonies appeared, the colour, transparency, surface and morphology of the rim of the colonies were observed in order to check that the characteristics are consistent. The colonies with consistent morphological characteristics were picked and seeded, and the seeded plate was placed in an incubator set at 28 ° C. and cultured for 8 days. 1000 preliminarily screened strains were picked upon maturation of the hyphae, and were scraped using inoculating shovel under aseptic condition, and then were inoculated into 250 mL conical flasks (containing 25 mL seed medium each) and cultured by shaking at 28 ° C. for 28 hours to obtain the seed solution. The seed solution was inoculated into 250 mL conical flasks (containing 20mL of fermentation medium each), respectively with an transfer amount of 15-20% of the seed solution and cultured by shaking at 28° C. for 8 days. The content of Fidaxomicin obtained from the fermentation broth was detected by HPLC, and the strain  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 was selected as the most productive strain. 
       EXAMPLE 2 
     The Morphological and Culture Characteristics of  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20, CGMCC NO. 7294 
       [0054]    Experiments were conducted according to Manual of Systematic Identification of Common Bacteria, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual and Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition). The experiments regarding morphological and culture characteristics were performed using 10 media, namely ISP1, ISP2, ISP3, ISP4, ISP5, Gauserime 1 synthetic agar medium, calcium malate agar medium, LB, YMS and Czapek Dox Agar medium. After being cultured at 28° C. for 7-10 days, the colour and pigment of the mycelia were observed, and the results are shown in Table 1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Culture Characteristics of  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 in 10 media 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Growth 
                 Substrate 
                   
                 Soluble 
               
               
                 Medium 
                 Situation 
                 mycelium 
                 Aerial mycelium 
                 pigment 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ISP1 
                 2 
                 Deep yellow 
                 Deep yellow 
                 NO 
               
               
                 ISP2 
                 4 
                 Sunny yellow 
                 creamy yellow 
                 NO 
               
               
                 ISP3 
                 3 
                 creamy yellow 
                 creamy yellow 
                 NO 
               
               
                 ISP4 
                 3 
                 beige 
                 beige 
                 NO 
               
               
                 ISP5 
                 3 
                 Light ivory 
                 Light ivory 
                 NO 
               
               
                 Gauserime 1 
                 2 
                 Light ivory 
                 Light ivory 
                 NO 
               
               
                 calcium 
                 2 
                 Light ivory 
                 Light ivory 
                 NO 
               
               
                 malate 
               
               
                 LB 
                 3 
                 beige 
                 beige 
                 NO 
               
               
                 YMS 
                 3 
                 Deep yellow 
                 Deep yellow 
                 NO 
               
               
                 Czapek Dox 
                 2 
                 Light gray close 
                 Light gray close 
                 NO 
               
               
                   
                   
                 to white 
                 to white 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       EXAMPLE 3 
     The Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20, CGMCC NO. 7294 
       [0055]    Utilization of carbon source: ISP9 medium was used as basal medium with the final concentration of each carbon source being 1.0%. The results are shown in Table 2. 
         [0056]    Utilization of nitrogen source: ISP9 medium was used as basal medium with the final concentration of both potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate being 0.1%. And the results are shown in Table 2. 
         [0057]    The basal medium used in the degradation assay and NaC1 tolerance assay is GYEA (pH 6.8). The results of degradation assay are shown in Table 3. The results of the NaC1 tolerance assay is that Actinoplanes sp. HS-16-20 tolerates NaC1 well and can still survive under the concentration of 10%. 
         [0058]    The medium used in oxidase assay, catalase assay, pH assay and temperature assay is YMS medium. The result is that strain can grow between 14° C.−45° C., the optimum growth temperature is 28° C.; The strain can grow at pH 5.0-7.5, and the optimum range is pH 6.5-7.0. The results of the oxidase and catalase assay are shown in Table 4. 
         [0059]    The M.R, V-P and urease assay were performed according to the method of Manual of Systematic Identification of Common Bacteria. And the results are shown in Table 4. 
         [0060]    The physiological and biochemical assay: cultured for 7-9 days at 28 ° C. except for the temperature assay. And the results are shown in Table 4. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Utilization of carbon source and nitrogen 
               
               
                 source of  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Growth 
                   
                 Growth 
                   
                 Growth 
               
               
                 Carbon 
                 Situa- 
                 Carbon 
                 Situa- 
                 Inorganic 
                 Situa- 
               
               
                 source 
                 tion 
                 source 
                 tion 
                 nitrogen 
                 tion 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 D- glucose 
                 3 
                 saligenin 
                 3 
                 ammonium 
                 + 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 sulfate 
               
               
                 D- raffinose 
                 1 
                 D- lactose 
                 3 
                 potassium 
                 + 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 nitrate 
               
               
                 D- xylose 
                 1 
                 galactose 
                 3 
               
               
                 D- sorbitol 
                 2 
                 inositol 
                 2 
               
               
                 L- arabinose 
                 1 
                 mannitol 
                 2 
               
               
                 glycerinum 
                 2 
                 glycine 
                 1 
               
               
                 maltose 
                 3 
                 xylan 
                 3 
               
               
                 D- fructose 
                 2 
                 inulin 
                 2 
               
               
                 D- saccharose 
                 2 
                 rhamnose 
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 The results of degradation assay of  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Concen- 
                   
                   
                 Concen- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 tration of 
                   
                   
                 tration of 
               
               
                 Degradation 
                 degradation 
                 Re- 
                 Degradation 
                 degradation 
                 Re- 
               
               
                 product 
                 product 
                 sult 
                 product 
                 product 
                 sult 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 adenine 
                 0.5% 
                 0 
                 casein 
                 1.0% 
                 1, − 
               
               
                 guanine 
                 0.5% 
                 4, − 
                 tyrosine 
                 1.0% 
                 4, − 
               
               
                 xanthine 
                 0.4% 
                 4, − 
                 Tween-40 
                 1.0% 
                 3, − 
               
               
                 hypoxanthine 
                 0.4% 
                 4, − 
                 Tween-60 
                 1.0% 
                 3, − 
               
               
                 xylan 
                 0.4% 
                 4, + 
                 Tween-80 
                 1.0% 
                 3, + 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 The main physiological and biochemical characteristics 
               
               
                 of  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Re- 
                   
                 Re- 
                   
                 Re- 
               
               
                 Test item 
                 sult 
                 Test item 
                 sult 
                 Test item 
                 sult 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gelatin 
                 − 
                 Production of 
                 − 
                 catalase 
                 − 
               
               
                 liquefaction 
                   
                 hydrogen sulfide 
               
               
                 amylohydrolysis 
                 + 
                 V-P test 
                 − 
                 oxidase 
                 − 
               
               
                 Milk-clotting 
                 − 
                 M.R test 
                 − 
                 Urease 
                 + 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 test 
               
               
                 Milk 
                 − 
                 nitrate 
                 + 
               
               
                 peptonization 
                   
                 reduction 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0061]    Note: in the Table 1-4, 0: no growth; 1:weak growth; 2:can grow; 3: grow well; 4: grow best; +: Positive; −: Negative. 
       EXAMPLE 4 
     Sequence Analysis of 16 S rNA and the Identification of the Strain 
       [0062]    The fresh bacterial bodies of the strain to be tested were collected and total DNA template was extracted according to the Pitcher method that was upgraded from the lysozyme method (Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1989, 8:151-156). Universal primers 27F and 1495R were used to amplify 16S rRNA gene. The PCR product was directly submitted to sequencing by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. after detection and purification. The sequenced 16S rDNA sequence was aligned with the homologous sequences of related species and genus in GenBank using BLAST to confirm the taxonomic status of the strain. 
         [0063]    The results of BLAST comparison between strain  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) 16S rDNA and related sequences in GenBank are shown in Table 5 (only strains of great homology are shown in the table). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 The homology of strain HS-16-20 and related strains 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Number of base 
                 Homology 
               
               
                 Species 
                 GenBank No. 
                 differences 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 
                   Actinoplanes deccanensis 
                 
                 AB036998.1 
                 3 
                 99.8 
               
               
                 
                   Actinoplanes deccanensis 
                 
                 AB675009.1 
                 14 
                 99.0 
               
               
                 subsp.  salmoneus   
               
               
                   Actinoplanes  sp. Y16 
                 HQ839788.1 
                 18 
                 98.7 
               
               
                 
                   Actinoplanes deccanensis 
                 
                 NR 042012.1 
                 23 
                 98.4 
               
               
                 strain 1MSNU 20026 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0064]    Through sequencing of the 16S rDNA region, it was found that the strain HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) share great homology with  Actinoplanes  sp, the greatest being 99%. Meanwhile the assay for the apparent characteristics of the strain HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) was conducted, which revealed that the classification-related parameters of the strain are very close to those of  Actinoplanes  sp, so the strain HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) was identified as a strain of  Actinoplanes  sp. 
         [0065]    Comparisons between strain Actinoplanes sp. HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) and other producer strains of Tiacumicin and Lipiarmycins. 
         [0066]    According to the report of U.S. Pat. No. 4,918,174, the producer strain of Tiacumicin,  Dactylosporangium aurantiacum  subsp.  hamdenensis NRRL  18085 can grow in calcium malate agar medium, while grow poorly in Czapek Dox Agar medium. The colour of the substrate mycelium is saffron yellow and the there is no aerial mycelium. Physiological and biochemical characteristics thereof are: gelatin liquefaction negative (−), amylohydrolysis positive (+), milk-clotting negative (−), milk peptonization positive (+), production of hydrogen sulfide positive (+), nitrate reduction positive (+); while  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 can grow in Czapek Dox Agar medium, and has aerial mycelium with milk peptonization negative (−), production of hydrogen sulfide negative (−). 
         [0067]    It is reported in U.S. Pat. No. 3,978,211 that the producer strain of Lipiarmycins  Actinoplanes deccanensis A/ 10655 ATCC 21983 grow poorly in both calcium malate agar medium and Czapek Dox Agar medium. The colours of the colony in different media vary from light yellow to saffron yellow, and there is no aerial mycelium. Physiological and biochemical characteristics thereof are: gelatin liquefaction positive (+), amylohydrolysis positive (+), milk-clotting negative (−), milk peptonization negative (−), production of hydrogen sulfide negative (−), nitrate reduction positive (+); while  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 can grow in calcium malate agar medium and Czapek Dox Agar medium, and has aerial mycelium in different media with gelatin liquefaction negative (−). 
         [0068]      Antimicrobial Chemotherapy  2008, 62,713-719 and Journal of Northwest A&amp;F University (Natural Science Edition) 2007,35(10),213-218 report that the producer strain of Lipiarmycins  Catellatospora  sp can grow in Gauserime 1 synthetic agar medium, and there is no report regarding its growth situationin other media. Substrate mycelia thereof are not fractured, and single or clustered short chain of spores appear on the agar surface, and there is no aerial mycelium. Physiological and biochemical characteristics thereof are: amylohydrolysis positive (+), milk-clotting negative (−), milk peptonization positive (+), production of hydrogen sulfide negative (−; while  Actinoplanes    
         [0069]    sp. HS-16-20 has aerial mycelium in Gauserime 1 synthetic agar medium with milk peptonization negative (−). 
         [0070]    Combining the morphological, culture, physiological and biochemical characteristics and the identification results of DNA sequence of  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) of the invention, it is known that the strain  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) belongs to actinomyces, and is different from any known producer strains of Tiacumicin and Lipiarmycins. So  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) is a brand-new bacteria species. 
       EXAMPLE 5 
     Production of Fidaxomicin 
       [0071]    (1) Preparation and Culture of Colonies on the Plate 
         [0072]    The plate coated with ISP2 medium (g/L) : glucose 4.0,yeast extract 4.0,malt extract 10.0, agar 15.0, distilled water 1000mL, pH 7.3. Pressure of autoclaving was 1.05 kg/cm 2 , 20 min. The medium was cooled to 50-60° C. before being poured into the plates. And one loop of bacterial bodies was inoculated and cultured at 28±1 ° C. for 8 days until the hypha was mature. 
         [0073]    (2) Preparation and Culture of Seed Solution 
         [0074]    The formula of seed medium (g/L) : saccharose 2, sorbitol 3, cottonseed meal 3, peanut meal 1.5, CaCO 3  0.6, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.3, pH 7.2. The liquid volume of the shake flask was 25mL/250mL, and the autoclaving was performed at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes. The inoculation amount of the bacteria bodies was 10 5 -10 6  c.f.u. /mL, and was cultured at 28±1° C., 250 rpm, for 28 hours by shaking on a shaker. At this point the pH of the culture solution is 6.8-7.0, and the concentration of the hypha was 25-30% (v/v). 
         [0075]    (3) Preparation and Culture of Fermentation Broth 
         [0076]    The formula of fermentation broth (g/L) : saccharose 10, sorbitol 2, soluble starch 3, (NH 4 )  2 SO 4  0.5, beef extract 2, peasant meal 1, KH 2 O 4  0.04, pH 7.0. The liquid volume of the shake flask was 20 mL/250 mL, and the autoclaving was performed at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. The inoculation amount of the seed solution was 15-20% (v/v), and was cultured at 28±1 ° C., 250 rpm, for 8 days by shaking on a shaker. HPLC was conducted after fermentation. The fermentation unit was 5250 μg/mL. 
       EXAMPLE 6 
     Production of Fidaxomicin 
       [0077]    As for the preparation of the colonies on the plate and the seed solution please refer to Example 5. 
         [0078]    The formula of fermentation broth (g/L) : maltodextrin 6, soluble starch 8, lactose 2, soybean meal 1.5, gluten powder 1, yeast powder 1, CaCO 3  0.4, KCl 0.2, MgCl 2 .7H 2 O 0.2, pH 7.0. The liquid volume of the shake flask was 25mL/250mL, and the autoclaving was performed at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. The inoculation amount of the seed solution was 20% (v/v), and was cultured at 30±1 ° C., 250 rpm, for 8 days by shaking on a shaker. HPLC was conducted after fermentation, and the fermentation unit was 3892 μg/mL. 
       EXAMPLE 7 
     Production of Fidaxomicin 
       [0079]    As for the preparation of the colonies on the plate and the seed solution please refer to Example 5. 
         [0080]    The formula of fermentation broth (g/L) : industrial trial molasses 8, fructose 2, glycerol 3, maltose 3, peptone 1, tryptone 1.5, salvelike yeast extract 0.5, beef extract 0.5, urea 0.2, citric acid triamine 0.5, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.2, CaCl 2  0.4, pH 7.0. The liquid volume of the shake flask was 40mL/500mL, and the autoclaving was performed at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. The inoculation amount of the seed solution was 10% (v/v), and was cultured at 30±1 ° C., 250 rpm, for 9 days by shaking on a shaker. HPLC was conducted after fermentation. The fermentation unit was 3156 μg/mL. 
       EXAMPLE 8 
     Preparation and Separation and Purification of Fidaxomicin 
       [0081]    (1) Preparation seed solution in seeding tank 10 L of seed medium was added into a 15 L seeding tank (the formula of the seed medium was the same as that in example 5) and sterilized at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes. After cooling, 100 mL of shake flask seed solution was added, and was cultured at 28±1 ° C. with a stirring speed of 200 rpm for 24 hours with an aeration rate of 1.0v vm. At that time the pH of the culture solution was 6.8-7.0, and the concentration of hypha was 25-30% (v/v). 
         [0082]    (2) Preparation of Fermentation Tank Medium and Culture 
         [0083]    The formula of the fermentation medium was the same as that in example 5, however, 1% PPG was added as defoamer. The volume of the fermentation tank was 50 L and the volume of the material amount was 35 L, pH 7.0, then it was sterilized at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes. After cooling, 3.5 L of the seed tank culture solution was added. The fermentation temperature was 28±1 ° C., and the stirring speed was 200-300 rpm. The fermentation lasted for 8 days with an aeration rate of 0.8-1.0 vvm. Then the fermentation tank was opened, and the concentration of hypha was tested to be 4855 μg/mL. 
         [0084]    (3) Extraction of the Fermentation Solution 
         [0085]    30 L of the fermentation solution of the above opened fermentation tank was frame filtered, and the filter cake was soaked with 30 L absolute ethyl alcohol, evenly stirred and stood at room temperature for 30 minutes. The organic phase of the supernatant was collected, mixed and stored. 
         [0086]    (4) Concentration of the Organic Phase and Resin Column Chromatography 
         [0087]    The above mixed organic phase was vacuum concentrated at −0.1 Mpa to 15 L at 40° C. water bath. The concentrated solution was adsorbed by 4 L macroreticular resin HZ20, and eluted by absolute ethyl alcohol. The eluate was collected and vacuum concentrated until dried. Then 72.8 g crude product was obtained. 
         [0088]    (5) Purification of the Crude Product and the Structure Identification of the Pure Product 
         [0089]    All the above crude product was dissolved in methyl alcohol and was applied to a preparative column (120g 100-200 mesh C18 reversed-phase preparation material was added into the preparative column). 50% (v/v) acetonitrile was used as eluent. Fractions were collected fractionally. The fractions with chromatographic purity greater than 99% and various impurities less than 0.1% were selected to be the major fraction. The major fraction was dried to get 29.1 g pure product and purity thereof was 99.7%. The obtained pure product was analyzed by HPLC, and the spectrogram of HPLC was shown in  FIG. 1 . The parameters of HPLC were: chromatography column: C18 Column, 5 μm,4.6×250 nm; mobile phase A: 0.05% phosphoric acid (v/v); mobile phase B: 90% acetonitrile (v/v); flow rate: 1.00 ml/min; detection wavelength: 250nm; program: 0-20 min: 5%-100% B phase; 20-21 min: 100% B phase; 21-22 min: 100%-5% B phase; Sample volume: 10 μL. After MS analysis of the obtained pure product, the molecular weight thereof was identified as 1058.04. 
         [0090]    And through  1 H-NMR and  13 C-NMR analysis, it was confirmed that the pure product was Fidaxomicin with the structure as follows: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
       EXAMPLE 9 
       [0091]    Comparison of the Capacity of Fidaxomicin Production of Different Bacterial Species 
         [0092]    The formula of the medium and culture conditions in example 5 were used to culture  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) of the invention and other producer strains of Fidaxomicin, respectively. The potency was tested respectively, and the results were shown in the table 6. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Table of comparison of the capacity of Fidaxomicin 
               
               
                 production of different bacterial species 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 species 
                 potency (μg/mL) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   Dactylosporangium aurantiacum  subsp. 
                 &lt;100 
               
               
                   
                   hamdenensis  NRRL 18085 
               
               
                   
                   Actinoplanes deccanensis  A/10655 ATCC 
                 200-300 
               
               
                   
                 21983 
               
               
                   
                   Catellatospora  sp. Bp3323- 81 
                 &lt;100 
               
               
                   
                   Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20(CGMCC 
                 3000-6000 
               
               
                   
                 NO. 7294) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0093]    Combining the morphological, culture, physiological and biochemical characteristics and identification results of DNA sequence of the above four bacterial species, the difference of the production capacity may be caused by different traits of the bacterial species. Inversely the difference of the production capacity can prove indirectly that  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) of the invention is a brand-new bacterial species. 
         [0094]    Summarizing the above bacterial species,  Actinoplanes  sp. HS-16-20 (CGMCC NO. 7294) of the invention has greatly enhanced the capacity of Fidaxomicin production compared with other strains, which means is beneficial for industrial production. 
         [0095]    The embodiments illustrated and discussed in this specification are intended only to teach those skilled in the art the best way known to the inventors to make and use the invention. Modifications and variation of the above-described embodiments of the invention are possible without departing from the invention, as appreciated by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore understood that, within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.