Abstract:
A reefing apparatus for controlling inflation of a gliding wing parachute which has a generally rectangular or trapezoidal canopy with four outer corners. The reefing mechanism includes a primary reefing loop with four supplemental reefing loops movably secured thereto by loops and connected through mounting rings to the four corners of the canopy to retain it in a general cloverleaf shape during initial stages of deployment and responsive to cutting of the primary reefing loop for release thereof for allowing full deployment or deployment into another reefed stage of the gliding wing canopy. The suspension lines are divided into four groups primarily defined by the corner closest to the point of attachment between the suspension line and the canopy.

Description:
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0001]    This invention was made with government support under a contract awarded by the United States Army Soldier Systems Command of Natick, Mass. and, as such, the United States of America maintains certain rights in this invention. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention deals with the field of reefing devices for controlling various states of deployment of a wing of a descent control device such as a parachute. More particularly the present invention pertains to such reefing devices utilized with gliding wing parachutes which are generally rectangular in shape. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Prior Art 
         [0005]    A number of devices have been patented for the purpose of reefing parachutes and in particular gliding wing parachutes such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,356,493 patented Aug. 22, 1944 to P. F. Smith and assigned to Pioneer Parachute Company, Inc. on a “Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 2,525,798 patented Oct. 17, 1950 to M. Hattan on a “Shockless Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,049,322 patented Aug. 14, 1962 to F. R. Vlasic and assigned to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force on a “Parachute Multiple Reefing System”; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,245,639 patented Apr. 12, 1966 to J. R. Mitchell and assigned to G. Q. Parachute Company Limited on a “Reefing Means For Parachutes”; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,278,143 patented Oct. 11, 1966 to H. Engel, Jr. and assigned to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force on a “Parachute Canopy Reefing At Panel Centerlines”; and U.S. Reissue Pat. No. Re. 26,427 patented Jul. 16, 1968 to D. C. Jalbert and assigned to Space Recovery Research Center, Inc. on a “Multi-Cell Wing Type Aerial Device”; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,524,613 patented Aug. 18, 1970 to J. D Reuter et al and assigned to Pioneer Parachute Company, Inc. on a “Flexible Gliding Wing”; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,525,491 patented Aug. 25, 1970 to D. T. Barish and assigned to Barish Associates, Inc. on a “Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,756,547 patented Sep. 4, 1973 to S. L. Snyder et al on a “Manually Released Refining Control”; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,284 patented Nov. 20, 1973 to J. T. Matsuo et al and assigned to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army on a “Controllable Multi-Stage Increasing Drag Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,822,844 patented Jul. 9, 19174 to S. J. Sutton and assigned to Jack Sutton on a “Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,945,592 patented Mar. 23, 1976 to S. J. Sutton on an “Air Reefing System”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,065,079 patented Dec. 27, 1977 to C. J. Winchurch and assigned to Irvin Great Britain Limited on a “Parachute Reefing Device”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,129,272 patented Dec. 12, 11978 to A. W. Jones et al on an “Aerofoil Structure”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,175,722 patented Nov. 27, 1979 to M. W. Higgins on a “Control System For Ram Air Gliding Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,253,627 patented Mar. 3, 1981 to J. T. Matsuo and assigned to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy on a “Multi-Layer Ram Air Parachute Canopy”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,363,458 patented Dec. 14, 11982 to A. W. Jones et al on an “Airfoil Structure”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,969 patented Aug. 23, 1983 to W. L. B. Gargano and assigned to Edward Strong on a “Gliding Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,366 patented Apr. 3, 1984 to A. A. Keeler et al and assigned to Commonwealth of Australia on a “Parachute Control Apparatus”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,540,145 patented Sep. 10, 1985 to J. T. Matsuo and assigned to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy on a “Reefing System”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,342 patented May 12, 1987 to D. J. Jones and assigned to the Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty&#39;s Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on “Methods Of Deploying Parachutes”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,678,145 patented Jul. 7, 1987 to R. J. Buehrer at al and assigned to FXC Corporation on a “Removable Slider For Parachute Deployment”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,705,238 patented Nov. 10, 1987 to W. L. B. Gargano on a “Ram Air Parachute With Multiple Pressure Centers”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,771,970 patented Sep. 20, 1988 to S. J. Sutton on a “Pressure Flow Control Device”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,813,636 patented to M. J. Lindgren and assigned to Lockheed Missiles &amp; Space Company on Mar. 21, 1989 on an “Anti-Fouling Tube For An Inflation-Control Line On A Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,846,423 patented Jul. 11, 1989 to J. D. Reuter and assigned to Pioneer Aerospace Corporation on a “Gliding Wing Parachute Apparatus With Staged Reefing Deployment Means”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,119 patented to B. E. Case et al and assigned to BRS, Inc. on Sep. 5, 1989 on a “Parachute Reefing System”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,865,272 patented Sep. 12, 1989 to R. P. Schwarz on a “High Camber Ram-Air Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,948,071 patented Aug. 14, 1990 to C. M. Summers, III and assigned to Glide Path International, Inc. on a “Deployment System For Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,005,785 patented Apr. 9, 1991 to E. Puskas and assigned to Para-Flite, Inc. on a “High Drag Slider Reefing System For Parachutes”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,102,071 patented Apr. 7, 1992 to P. Rieleit on a “Vehicle, Especially Air Or Water Vehicle”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,201,482 patented Apr. 13, 1993 to S. M. Ream on a “Ram Air Inflatable Gliding Wing”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,205,517 patented Apr. 27, 1993 to J. D. Reuter and assigned to Pioneer Aerospace Corporation on a “Large Parachute With Means To Positively Expand And Circularize The Inlet Area To Facilitate Deployment Thereof”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,213,288 patented May 25, 1993 to N. T. Girdwood and assigned to Parachute Industries of Southern Africa (PTY) LTD on a “Parachute Opening Shock Reducing System”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,251,853 patented Oct. 12, 1993 to T. Ogawa et al and assigned to Falhawk Co. Ltd. and Ashimori Industry Co., Ltd. on a “Canopy For Paraglider And/Or Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,257 patented Dec. 12, 1995 to J. A. Fisher et al and assigned to USBI Co. on a “Deployable Wing”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,890,678 patented Apr. 6, 1999 to M. C. Butler, Jr. and assigned to Butler Aerospace Technologies, Inc. on a “Device To Control Inflation Characteristics Of Parachutes”; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,893,536 patented Apr. 13, 1999 to C. K. Lee et al and assigned to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army on a “Parafoil Assembly”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,220,547 patented Apr. 24, 2001 to J. J. Smith et al and assigned to Pioneer Aerospace Corporation on a “Large Scale Parafoil Apparatus With An Energy Attenuator For Controlling Initial Deployment”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,843,451 patented Jan. 18, 2005 to R. L. Fox, Jr. on a “Parachute Slider Reefing With Friction Induced Retardation”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,886,785 patented May 3, 2005 to D. Preston and assigned to Atair Aerospace on a “Ram Air Parachute With Multistage Deployment”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,994,295 patented Feb. 7, 2006 to R. L. Fox, Jr. on a “Quonset Type Parachute”; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,028,951 patented Apr. 18, 2006 to J. E. Sadeck and assigned to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army on a “Parachute Reefing System”. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    A reefing apparatus is disclosed in the present invention designed specifically for controlling inflation of a gliding wing parachute having a generally rectangular canopy with four outer corners and a plurality of suspension lines extending downwardly from the canopy. 
         [0007]    The reefing apparatus includes a primary reefing loop which is generally circular in shape and is positioned beneath the gliding wing canopy and is normally on the order of approximately eight inches in diameter. A first supplemental reefing loop is included having a first forward attaching mechanism and a first aft attaching mechanism which are detachably and movably engaged with respect to the primary reefing loop to define therebetween a first suspension line reefing zone for temporarily receiving and retaining therewithin a plurality of suspension lines after release of the gliding wing parachute and prior to full deployment of the canopy. Also the first supplemental reefing loop is preferably detachably movably engaged with respect to the first outer corner of the canopy of the gliding wing parachute to facilitate defining of the first suspension line reefing zone at a position thereadjacent. In the preferred configuration the first forward attaching mechanism comprises a first forward attaching loop which receives the primary reefing loop extending therethrough to facilitate movable attachment of the first supplemental reefing loop with respect to the primary reefing loop. Also the first aft attaching device includes a first aft attaching loop preferably for receiving the primary reefing loop extending therethrough to further facilitate movable attachment of the first supplemental reefing loop with respect to the primary reefing loop. 
         [0008]    With a similar configuration a second supplemental reefing loop is defined which includes a second forward attaching device and a second aft attaching device which are defined thereon and are each detachably and movably engaged with respect to the primary reefing loop to define therebetween a second suspension line reefing zone for temporarily receiving and retaining therewithin of a plurality of suspension lines after initial release of the gliding wing parachute and prior to full deployment of the canopy. The second supplemental reefing loop is also detachably and movably engaged with respect to the second outer corer of the canopy of the gliding wing parachute to facilitate defining of the second suspension line reefing zone at a position thereadjacent. The second forward attaching device itself preferably comprises a second forward attaching loop for receiving the primary reefing loop extending therethrough to in this manner provide movable attachment of the second supplemental reefing loop with respect to the primary reefing loop. The second aft attaching device also preferably includes a second aft attaching loop for receiving the primary reefing loop extending therethrough to further facilitate movable attachment of the second supplemental reefing loop with respect to the primary reefing loop. 
         [0009]    A third supplemental reefing loop is provided which includes a third forward attaching mechanism and a third aft attaching mechanism defined thereon which are detachably and movably engaged with respect to the primary reefing loop to define therebetween a third suspension line reefing zone for temporarily receiving and retaining therewithin a plurality of suspension lines after initial release of the gliding wing parachute and prior to full deployment of the canopy thereof. The third supplemental reefing loop also is detachably and movably engaged with respect to the third outer corner of the canopy of the gliding wing parachute to facilitate defining of the third suspension line reefing zone at a position thereadjacent. The third forward attaching device preferably comprises a third forward attaching loop which is designed to receive the primary reefing loop extending therethrough to facilitate movable attachment of the third supplemental reefing loop with respect to the primary reefing loop. The third aft attaching device preferably includes a third aft attaching loop for receiving the primary reefing loop extending therethrough to further facilitate movable attachment of the third supplemental reefing loop with respect to the primary reefing loop. It should be appreciated that the first supplemental reefing loop and the second supplemental reefing loop as well as the third and further supplemental reefing loops are movably attached to the primary reefing loop and extend outward therefrom at approximately 90 degrees with respect to one another. 
         [0010]    The fourth supplemental reefing loop is preferably made with a similar construction which includes a fourth forward attaching device and a fourth aft attaching device defined thereon which are detachably engaged with respect to the primary reefing loop to define therebetween a fourth suspension line reefing zone. This zone is designed for the purpose of temporarily receiving and retaining reefed therewithin a plurality of suspension lines after initial release of the gliding wing parachute and prior to full deployment of the canopy. The fourth supplemental reefing loop is also preferably detachably and movably engaged with respect to the fourth outer corner of the canopy of the gliding wing parachute to facilitate defining of a fourth suspension line reefing zone at a position thereadjacent. This fourth forward attaching device preferably includes a fourth forward attaching loop for receiving the primary reefing loop. Likewise, the fourth aft attaching device preferably includes a fourth aft attaching loop to receive the primary reefing loop. 
         [0011]    A reefing cutter is included in a position adjacent to the primary reefing loop and is operable responsive to activation thereof to sever the primary reefing loop to release the first forward attaching mechanism and the first aft attaching mechanism therefrom for releasing the suspension lines retained within the first suspension line reefing zone. This reefing cutter will also release the second forward attaching mechanism and the second aft attaching mechanism therefrom for releasing the suspension lines retained within the second suspension line reefing zone. It also releases the third forward attaching means and the third aft attaching means as well as a fourth forward attaching means and the fourth aft attaching means for facilitating complete disengagement of this reefing means. This reefing cutter is also operable responsive to activation thereof when severing the primary reefing loop to release the four outer corners of the canopy of the gliding wing parachute from engagement therewith to facilitate full deployment thereof or into another reefed stage. In the preferred configuration the reefing cutter will include a first reefing cutter device and a second reefing cutter device wherein the second reefing cutter device is operable as a redundant cutting means to the first reefing cutter device to assure severing of the primary reefing loop responsive to activation of the reefing cutter in those situations where any type of malfunction may be experienced by the first reefing cutter device. 
         [0012]    Four corner rings are also included defined as the first, second, third and fourth corner rings which are attached respectively with respect to the first, second, third and fourth corners of the canopy. They are preferably secured thereto by a strap means and are adapted to receive extending therethrough the respective first, second, third and fourth supplemental reefing loops to facilitate detachable engagement with the respective corners when reefed and to facilitate release thereof responsive to disreefing by severing of the primary reefing loop. 
         [0013]    It is an object of the reefing apparatus of the present invention to control the inflation of a gliding wing parachute having a rectangular canopy with four outer corners and a plurality of suspension lines extending downwardly therefrom wherein the canopy can be maintained in a reefed position have a general cloverleaf shape prior to disreefing. 
         [0014]    It is an object of the reefing apparatus of the present invention to control the inflation of a gliding wing parachute having a rectangular canopy with four outer corners and a plurality of suspension lines extending downwardly therefrom wherein full and effective control of the inflation of the canopy of the gliding wing parachute immediately after release can temporarily be achieved. 
         [0015]    It is an object of the reefing apparatus of the present invention to control the inflation of a gliding wing parachute having a rectangular canopy with four outer corners and a plurality of suspension lines extending downwardly therefrom by using this reefing apparatus in conjunction with other reefing means, namely, a reefing system such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,846,423, to further control canopy inflation. 
         [0016]    It is an object of the reefing apparatus of the present invention to control the inflation of a gliding wing parachute having a rectangular canopy with four outer corners and a plurality of suspension lines extending downwardly therefrom to eliminate the need for an initial parachute to stabilize and slow the descent of the payload prior to parafoil deployment. 
         [0017]    It is an object of the reefing apparatus of the present invention to control the inflation of a gliding wing parachute having a rectangular canopy with four outer corners and a plurality of suspension lines extending downwardly therefrom to temporarily reduce significantly the gliding characteristics of wing parachutes. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]    While the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portions herein, a preferred embodiment is set forth in the following detailed description which may be best understood when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0019]      FIG. 1  is a bottom plan close-up view of the reefing apparatus of the present invention shown in the fully reefed position; and 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  is a bottom plan view of an embodiment of the reefing apparatus and gliding wing parachute showing the rectangular canopy in the reefed position in full line and in the fully deployed profile or subsequent reefing stage profile in dotted outline. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0021]    The present invention provides a reefing apparatus designed specifically for controlling the inflation of a generally rectangular canopy  12  of a gliding wing parachute  10 . Such gliding wing parachutes generally have a square or rectangular configuration on slightly trapezoidal configuration and include four outer corners defined for the purposes of this invention as a first canopy corner  14 , a second canopy corner  16 , a third canopy corner  18  and a fourth canopy corner  20 . In the preferred configuration of this invention the first canopy corner  14  comprises the left front corner  92  of canopy  12  and the second canopy corner  16  provides the left rear corner  94  of the canopy  12 . Furthermore the third canopy corner  18  provides the right rear corner  96  of canopy  12  and the fourth canopy corner  20  provides the right rear corner  98  of canopy  12 . The full open canopy is designed to be moving in the direction shown by forward direction arrow  108 . 
         [0022]    When the canopy  12  of any type of configuration of gliding wing parachute  10  opens it is important that the initial stages of the inflation of the canopy be controlled to prevent excessive shock and also to assure proper configuration when the canopy  12  is fully inflated or inflated in a subsequent reefed stage. The reefing apparatus of the present invention provides this construction in a simple unique novel manner. 
         [0023]      FIG. 2  shows the reefing mechanism as viewed from below as it extends around the suspension lines of the canopy  12  for reefing thereof and as it is attached to the corners  92 ,  94 ,  96  and  98  of the canopy  12 . The  FIG. 2  configuration shows the generally rectangular canopy  12  in the reefed position in full lining. In dotted outline the generally rectangular configuration of the canopy  12  when fully inflated or subsequent reefed stage is also shown in  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 1  is a close-up illustration of the reefing mechanism itself showing more details and without showing the full extent of the canopy. 
         [0024]    The present invention includes a primary reefing loop  30  which will normally extend in a generally circular shape and is commonly of a size approximately eight inches in diameter. Of course any size can be chosen by reducing the size or increasing the size of the various elements of this invention while still coming within the metes and bounds of the concept of the present invention. However, eight inches is a common diameter for this primary reefing loop  30 . 
         [0025]    A first supplemental reefing loop  32  is preferably movably mounted at two locations with respect to the primary reefing loop  30  by a first forward attaching means  34  and a first aft attaching means  36 . Preferably the first forward attaching means  34  will comprise a first forward attaching loop  34  which is adapted to receive the primary reefing loop  30  extending therethrough. Similarly the first aft attaching means  36  will preferably be formed to receive the primary reefing loop  30  extending therethrough. In this manner the first supplemental reefing loop  32  is movably secured at two locations with respect to the primary reefing loop  30  in order to define therewithin a first suspension line reefing zone  38 . This first suspension line reefing zone  38  is adapted to receive therein a plurality of suspension lines which are attached to the canopy. The suspension lines which are adapted to be reefed by being positioned within the first suspension line reefing zone  38  are defined as the first suspension lines  22 . 
         [0026]    In a similar configuration a second supplemental reefing loop  42  will preferably be movably attached with respect to the primary reefing loop  30  at two locations by the inclusion of a second forward attaching means  44  and a second aft attaching means  46  being defined thereon. In the preferred configuration the second forward attaching means  44  and the second aft attaching means  46  will both be designed to receive extending therethrough the primary reefing loop  30  movably. In this manner the second supplemental reefing loop  42  will be movably engaged with respect to the primary reefing loop  30  and will define therewith a second suspension line reefing zone  48  designed to retain therewithin a plurality of suspension lines which are connected to the canopy  12  which are defined as the second suspension lines  24 . 
         [0027]    With a similar construction a third supplemental reefing loop  52  will be defined which will preferably be movably secured with respect to the primary reefing loop  30  at two locations. The third supplemental reefing loop  52  will preferably include a third forward attaching means  54  and a third aft attaching means  56  both facilitating movable attachment to the primary reefing loop  30 . With this configuration the third supplemental reefing loop  52  by being connected to the primary reefing loop  30  at two locations will define therebetween a third suspension line reefing zone  58  for receiving extending therethrough a plurality of third suspension lines  26 . 
         [0028]    A fourth supplemental reefing loop  62  will preferably be movably secured to the primary reefing loop  30  at two different locations by the inclusion of a forth forward attaching means  64  and a fourth aft attaching means  66 . The attachment loop means  64  and  66  will be adapted to receive the primary reefing loop  30  extending therethrough in order to facilitate movable attachment of the fourth supplemental reefing loop  62  with respect to the primary reefing loop  30 . With this construction the fourth supplemental reefing loop  62  in combination with the primary reefing loop  30  will define a fourth suspension line reefing zone  68  therebetween which is adapted to receive and reef a plurality of fourth suspension lines  28  extending therethrough. 
         [0029]    As such, it can be seen that the first through fourth supplemental reefing loops  32 ,  42 ,  52  and  62  will in this manner reef the first suspension lines  22 , the second suspension lines  24 , the third suspension lines  26  and the fourth suspension lines  28  extending through the respective reefing zones defined thereadjacent. 
         [0030]    It is also important to appreciate that the first supplemental reefing loop  32  will be attached to the first canopy corner  14  and the second supplemental reefing loop  42  will be preferably movably attached with respect to the second canopy corner  16  and the third supplemental reefing loop  52  will preferably be movably secured with respect to the third canopy corner  18 . Finally the fourth supplemental reefing loop  62  will preferably be movably secured with respect to the fourth canopy corner  20 . In this manner reefing of the canopy itself as well as reefing of the suspension lines will be provided by the configurations of the four individual reefing loops  32 ,  42 ,  52  and  62  when retained by the primary reefing loop  30 . 
         [0031]    It is preferred that the attachment between the first supplemental reefing loop  32  and the first canopy corner  14  be a movable attachment and this is achieved by the inclusion of a first corner ring  76  preferably mounted with respect to the first canopy corner  14 . This first corner ring  76  will preferably be connected through a first strap  84  to the first canopy corner  14  and will allow the first supplemental reefing loop  32  to pass therethrough to facilitate reefing of the canopy  12  of the gliding wing parachute  10 . 
         [0032]    In a similar manner a second corner ring  78  will preferably be mounted about a second strap  86  with respect to the second canopy corner  16  of the canopy  12 . The second corner ring  78  will be adapted to receive the second supplemental reefing loop  42  extending therethrough to facilitate movable attachment therebetween and to facilitate reefing of the second canopy corner  16  by the apparatus of the present invention. 
         [0033]    It is also preferable that a third corner ring  80  be movable mounted to a third strap  88  which is secured to the third canopy corner  18  of the canopy  12  of the parachute  10  of the present invention in such a manner as to be adapted to receive the third supplemental reefing loop  52  extending therethrough to facilitate reefing of the third canopy corner  18 . Additionally a fourth corner ring  82  will preferably be included mounted with a fourth strap  90  extending therethrough wherein the fourth strap  90  is secured with respect to the fourth canopy corner  20  to facilitate reefing thereof. The fourth corner ring  82  is adapted to receive the fourth supplemental reefing loop  62  extending therethrough to facilitate movable attachment therewith and reefing of the fourth canopy corner  20 . 
         [0034]    The reefing of the first, second, third and fourth canopy corners  14 ,  16 ,  18  and  20  by the primary reefing loop  30  and the first through fourth supplemental reefing loops  32 ,  42 ,  52 , and  62  will normally orient the canopy  12  of the gliding wing parachute into overall “cloverleaf” shape because the outer corners of the rectangular profile of the canopy are retained with respect to a central loop, namely, the primary reefing loop  30 . In the preferred configuration of the present invention there will be approximately a 90 degree angle between the first, second, third and fourth supplemental reefing loops  32 ,  42 ,  52  and  62  due to the general overall square or rectangular configuration of the reefing apparatus disclosed herein. 
         [0035]    The present invention will also include a reefing cutter means  70  which is mounted at a position immediately adjacent to the primary reefing loop  30  and preferably is mounted thereon such that when activated the reefing cutter means  70  will sever the primary reefing loop  30  and in this manner release the first through fourth supplemental reefing loops  32 ,  42 ,  52  and  62 . This releasing will also disreef the first, second, third and fourth suspension lines  22 ,  24 ,  26  and  28  and will also disreef the canopy  12  either fully or into another subsequent reefed stage by releasing of the reefing of the four corners  14 ,  16 ,  18  and  20 . Actuation of the reefing cutter means  70  is a very important aspect of the present invention to assure full efficient dissent control and for this reason this reefing cutter  70  is preferably configured having at least two individual reefing cutters, namely, a first reefing cutter device  72  and a second reefing cutter device  74 . In this manner, if for any reason the first reefing cutter device  72  fails to properly release when activated, then actuation of the second reefing cutter device  74  can be provided as a safety redundancy. 
         [0036]    Initial assembly of the apparatus of the present invention is achieved by passing the primary reefing loop  30  through each pair of individual attachment loops associated with each of the first through fourth supplemental reefing loops  32 ,  42 ,  52  and  62 . The primary reefing loop  30  then needs to be closed which is achieved by the defining of a first packing loop  104  and a second packing loop  106  thereon which can be secured together by a separate piece defined as the assembly loop  100 . In the preferred configuration of this invention the assembly loop or assembly tie is formed by two turns of 6500 lb. Kevlar cord. This provides sufficient strength to withstand the forces to which the reefing apparatus of the present invention will be exposed prior to disreefing of the canopy and the suspension lines. 
         [0037]    Orientation of the apparatus of the present invention can be seen by noting that the forward direction arrow  108  indicates the direction of movement of the fully open canopy during descent. 
         [0038]    This apparatus provides a means for descent control to aid in the aerial delivery of heavy cargo by maintaining a stable drag producing geometry during and after reefing. This reefing configuration provides substantial deceleration of the cargo payload and establishes a benign condition for the progressive inflation of the canopy of a gliding wing parachute otherwise known as a parafoil parachute. Also this construction has been found to minimize the need for a drogue or programmer parachute in large parafoil applications. It also should be appreciated that this reefing can be used in conjunction with other types of parachute reefing to provide various stages or combined configurations of reefing such as the mid-span reefing apparatus shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,846,423. Particularly the reefing system shown in the present invention is easily combined for usage with traditional slider reefing constructions to provide improved inflation control. 
         [0039]    While particular embodiments of this invention have been shown in the drawings and described above, it will be apparent that many changes may be made in the form, arrangement and positioning of the various elements of the combination. In consideration thereof, it should be understood that preferred embodiments of this invention disclosed herein are intended to be illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.