Abstract:
A gasket and seat system for sealing a joint is disclosed. The gasket comprises, for example, an inner portion with a wall facing an interior of the coupling and an outer portion, which extends axially forming radial end walls. The inner portion of the gasket is formed with an angled wall, making the inner portion expand inwards, which angled wall interacts with a matching angled wall of the seat, such that the joint has provisions for increasing the sealing ability in cases with increased pressure in the coupling. The gasket may further have the wall facing the interior being adapted to be flush with an interior surface when mounted in the seat and may also have provisions for heat expansion and elevated pressures, in order to remain flush with the coupling at elevated temperatures and in order to ensure sealing at elevated pressures.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/666,743, filed Jun. 6, 2008, which is a 371 application of PCT/SE05/01388 filed Sep. 21, 2005. 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention generally relates to a sealing system for substantially immovable joints of two elements, and more specifically to a gasket and seat system for sealing between substantially immovable joints such as flanges, tube or pipe couplings, housings, shafts, etc. Preferably, the system provides a hygienic sealing with a smooth surface to a product provided within the joint elements and which also handles volumetric changes in the rubber caused by temperature changes, and preferably the system provides a sealing that in addition tolerates increased pressure conditions on the sealing system without degrading its sealing performance. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    A gasket and seat system of the kind described above is for example shown in DE-A-42 01 535. The sealing according to this system will provide a gasket being flush with the interior surfaces of the pipes and it has some provisions for heat expansion. 
         [0004]    Gasket and seat systems that provide gaskets flush-mounted with the interior surfaces of pipes are for example desired in the pharmaceutical and food industry. For instance, the ISO 2852 standard of 1993 defines stainless steel pipe couplings for the food industry, wherein a gasket is disclosed as a ring-shaped pipe coupling part intended to make a hygienic liquid-tight joint between the flanges of two clamp liners. This kind of sealing system is intended to prevent residue and bacteria from accumulating in pipe joints, especially e.g. in crevices of the sealing system. The pipes of these facilities are regularly cleaned by CIP (Cleaning In Place) and SIP (Sterilization In Place) with hot steam (140 C) in order to kill bacteria that may be present in the pipes. This means that the gaskets must be able to handle heat expansion while remaining flush, or almost flush, with the interior surfaces of the pipes even during steam washing. If the gaskets project from the pipe interior, they can further induce turbulence in the pipes and this may be unwanted in some cases. The gasket disclosed in ISO 2852 does not have provisions against such expansion into the pipe interior caused by a difference in the expansion coefficients of the pipe material and the gasket material. Furthermore, the same problem applies to other types of joints than pipe couplings, having similar sealing purposes, for instance a heat exchanging system for heating a product inside a pipe. In this case different operating temperatures cause a different amount of expansion during operation. The sealing has to cope with these varying operating conditions without causing undesired crevices, as explained above. 
         [0005]    With a gasket and seat system of the known kind, there is no provision for improving the sealing ability during periods with increased pressure in the pipes. The gasket inner portion is also rather large, which increases the risk of this portion expanding, due to increased heat, into the interior of the pipes. Since the gasket furthermore is symmetrical, machining is necessary in both parts of the coupling in order to form an appropriate seat. The same problems occur with known gasket and seat systems for similar couplings, e.g. in pump housings of food pumps. 
         [0006]    Hence, there is a need for a more advantageous sealing system. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    It is an object to solve at least the above problems, singly or in any combination, by arranging a gasket and seat system which provides a gasket for a joint, such as a coupling or union of similar elements, such as flanges, tube or pipe couplings, housings, shafts having attached elements thereto, etc, and which has provisions for increasing the sealing ability in cases with increased pressure in the joint, such as a pipe or a coupling. 
         [0008]    This object is obtained by the features of the various aspects shown as defined in the attached claims. Particular embodiments are given in the dependent claims. In an embodiment, the gasket may have a wall facing the interior being adapted to be flush with an interior surface when mounted in a seat and may also have provisions for heat expansion, in order to remain flush with the joint elements, as e.g. a pipe or a coupling, at elevated temperatures. Moreover, a pressure applied on to the gasket improves the sealing capability of the gasket and seat system by tightening the gasket using the hydraulic force pressing onto the gasket for improved sealing of the gasket against the counter faces. The gasket may furthermore be self-retaining inside the seat, which simplifies the procedure of coupling the joint elements, e.g. pipes or union elements. In another embodiment, the seat is only formed in one part of the joint, e.g. in one pipe or flange, thus reducing the amount of machining necessary. Yet another embodiment may have a silver ion coating on the gasket for obtaining antiseptic properties. 
         [0009]    More particularly, according to one aspect, a gasket and seat system suitable for sealing a joint is provided. The gasket may be made of a polymeric material comprising an inner portion, with a wall facing an interior of the joint, and an outer portion, which extends axially forming radial end walls, wherein the inner portion of the gasket is formed with an angled wall, making the inner portion expand inwards, which angled wall is configured to interact with a matching angled wall of the seat. 
         [0010]    The wall facing the interior of the joint may be adapted to be flush with an interior surface of the joint when mounted in the seat, thus providing a hygienic interior surface not susceptible for contamination. 
         [0011]    The wall facing the interior of the joint may be angled slightly inwards from a common point of engagement for the interior surface and the wall. Furthermore, the gasket may be formed with a groove in the outer portion thereof, and may be formed with angled walls of the outer portion which are compressed upon entry in the seat. 
         [0012]    A gasket surface facing a flange plane may be adapted to be flush with the flange plane after assembly. 
         [0013]    The gasket may comprise silver ions, in order to obtain antiseptic properties. 
         [0014]    The joint may be a pipe coupling that may comprise two flanges, wherein the gasket may be located in one of said flanges only, preferably pre-mounted in said one flange during assembly of said system. 
         [0015]    The joint may be comprised in a pump housing of a pump for food processing or pharmaceutical product processing. According to a further aspect of the invention, a gasket of polymeric material is provided, which gasket is adapted to seal a joint comprising an inner portion, with a wall in use facing an interior of said coupling, and an outer portion, which extends axially forming radial end walls, wherein the inner portion of the gasket is formed with an angled wall, making the inner portion expand inwards, which angled wall is configured to interact with a matching angled wall of the seat. 
         [0016]    The polymeric material of the gasket may be elastic and resilient and may comprise rubber materials such as EPDM, Viton®, VMQ, FPM, FKM and HNBR, thermoplastic materials, or compositions comprising such materials singly or in combination. 
         [0017]    According to yet a further aspect of the invention, a gasket and seat system as mentioned above, according to the above-mentioned aspect of the invention, is used for hygienically sealing a joint comprising a coupling in a union of coupling elements adapted for food or pharmaceutical processing. According to another aspect of the invention, a method of assembling a gasket and seat system for sealing a joint according to the above-mentioned aspect of the invention is provided. The method comprises pre-mounting the gasket in one element of the joint, wherein said element comprises said seat, such that assembly of said system is facilitated. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]    The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0019]      FIG. 1A  is a sectional view showing a gasket mounted in a seat of a pipe coupling according to an embodiment of the invention. 
           [0020]      FIG. 1B  is a detail view of the gasket within  FIG. 1 . 
           [0021]      FIG. 2  is an enlarged, sectional view of the gasket in  FIGS. 1A-B . 
           [0022]      FIG. 3  is an enlarged, sectional view of the seat in  FIGS. 1A-B . 
           [0023]      FIGS. 4A and 4B  are side projections showing two different gasket shapes for joining pipes of matching shape. 
           [0024]      FIG. 5A  is a sectional view showing a gasket mounted in a seat of a pump-housing coupling according to another embodiment of the invention. 
           [0025]      FIG. 5B  is a detail view of the gasket within  FIG. 5A . 
           [0026]      FIG. 6A  is a sectional view showing a gasket mounted in a shaft-mounted element for radially sealing the shaft and shaft mounted element assembly. 
           [0027]      FIG. 6B  is a detail view of the gasket within  FIG. 6A . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0028]    A gasket  1 , in the present embodiment in the form of a form ring or sealing ring, and seat  2  of an embodiment of the present invention can be seen in  FIGS. 1A  and B arranged in a conventional flange coupling joining two pipes  3 ,  4 , with axially aligned pipes having radially extending flanges. 
         [0029]    An enlarged view of the gasket  1  is shown in section in  FIG. 2 . The gasket is made up of two main portions, where an inner portion  10  expands towards the pipe interior at a slight angle and an outer portion  11  extends axially, to the left in  FIG. 2 , forming radial end walls  12 ,  13 . These walls  12 ,  13  preferably form an angle with a longitudinal axis A of the pipe to be sealed. A generally axial groove  14  is formed in the outer portion  11 , between the radial end walls  12 ,  13 , substantially dividing the outer portion  11  into two hinged halves. The angle between the groove walls or the groove angle is larger than the sum of the angles between the radial end walls  12 ,  13  and the longitudinal axis A. On either side of the groove  14  are walls  15 ,  16 , which are parallel to a flange plane F. The walls  15 ,  16  are at their distal ends joined to the outer  12  and inner  13  radial end walls respectively by a radius R of generally equal size. An innermost surface  17  facing the pipe interior is parallel to the longitudinal axis A. An angled wall  18  connects the innermost wall  17  with the inner radial end wall  13 . The right side surface  19  is planar and lies in the flange plane F. 
         [0030]    In  FIG. 3  a matching seat  2  is shown for mounting the gasket  1  of the present invention. A flange wall  21  is part of the flange for joining two pipes and this wall  21  lies in the flange plane F. The seat  2  further has two walls substantially parallel to the axis A, namely an outer seat wall  22  and an inner seat wall  23 , respectively. These walls  22 ,  23  are connected by a wall  24  being substantially perpendicular to said walls  22  and  23 . The connections between these walls are formed with a radius R of generally equal size, matching those of the gasket  1 . A wall  25  is formed between the inner seat wall  23  and a pipe inner surface  26 . This wall  25  is offset to the left from the flange plane F and further forms an angle with the flange plane. 
         [0031]    When the gasket  1  of  FIG. 2  is fitted in the seat  2  of  FIG. 3 , the radial end walls  12 ,  13  are compressed towards the groove  14  formed in the center of the gasket outer portion  11 . The groove volume is thus reduced but the groove is not completely compressed, since the groove volume is larger than the sum of the displaced volumes of the radial end walls  12 ,  13 . This compression of the radial end walls  12 ,  13  ensures that the gasket  1  remains in the seat  2  during assembly of the pipe coupling. The inner portion  10 , with the angled wall  18 , abuts the slanted inner wall  25  where the inner portion is slightly thicker than the offset between the wall  25  and the flange plane F. This means that the inner portion  11  is compressed slightly during assembly of the pipes and this improves the sealing ability of the gasket  1 . The innermost surface of the gasket  17  is now aligned with the inner surface  26  of the pipe. A right side surface  19  of the gasket  1  is aligned with the flange plane F, at least after assembly, and this means that no machining is necessary in the right hand flange. 
         [0032]    When the gasket  1  and seat  2  of the above description are subjected to heat, they will expand. However, the thermal expansion of rubber is about seven times as high as that of metal. Therefore, the groove  14  of the gasket&#39;s  1  outer portion  11  allows for compensation of this expansion difference and this minimizes the expansion of the gasket  1  to the interior of the pipe. The main purpose of groove  14 , when the gasket  1  is assembled in the flange  3  is to compensate for this expansion during thermal changes. Furthermore, the expansion of the gasket inner portion  10  is reduced due to its small size. 
         [0033]    An increased pressure in the pipe will lead to an increased sealing pressure of the gasket  1 , both axially and radially, since the inwardly expanding inner portion  10  is self-engaging. The pressure against the innermost surface  17  will force the inner portion  10  inwards increasing the pressure between the angled walls  18  and  25 , thus improving the sealing ability. Hence, such a pressure applied onto the gasket improves the sealing capability of the gasket  1  and seat  2  system by tightening the gasket  2  using the hydraulic force caused by the pressure and pressing the gasket tighter into its counter sealing surface for improved sealing of the gasket against the counter faces. The inwardly expanding inner portion further reduces the tendency of outward radial displacement towards the outer portion, caused by an increased pressure in the pipe. The above gasket  1  now seals the flange coupling without presenting any cracks, crevices or protrusions to the interior of the pipe. 
         [0034]    The gasket of the present invention may, as mentioned above, be mounted in a hollow joint, such as a pipe flange coupling, only requiring machining in one side of the flange surfaces. The gasket is further self-retaining, which simplifies assembly. This is both cost- and time-effective. Moreover, the gasket provides a way of sealing two pipes, or similar couplings such as two joined elements of pump housings, without presenting any edges or cracks to the interior of the pipe or the coupling, even if the temperature is increased to about 140 C. 
         [0035]    The gasket of the present invention may be manufactured from different kinds of polymeric material having elastic and resilient characteristics, e.g. rubber materials such as EPDM, Viton®, VMQ, FPM, FKM and HNBR, thermoplastic materials, or compositions comprising such materials singly or in combination. Care should be taken so the chosen material does not affect the contents in the pipe. If desired, the gasket may be provided with further advantageous properties, for instance it may be covered with a suitable coating, e.g. a silver ion coating if the gasket is to be antiseptic. Further, such materials as e.g. silver ions may be homogenously distributed in the gasket material in order to provide the desired properties. This is advantageously achieved by mixing such additives into the gasket material or by coating the gasket prior to forming and curing the same or by coating the gasket prior to curing the polymeric material. The right hand surface  19  of the gasket  1  is illustrated as being planar, but this is not necessary. If a certain compression of the rubber is wanted, this may be achieved by incorporating a specific profile in this surface  19 , which though will be planar after assembly, so that machining of only one part of the coupling for fitting the gasket is necessary. 
         [0036]    The overall shape of the gasket is determined by the shape of the joint, e.g. a pipe coupling, and the gasket will be formed to follow the interior surface of the pipe. In  FIGS. 4A and 4B , two different gasket shapes  40 ,  41  are shown as non-limiting examples. 
         [0037]    The gasket and seat system of the present invention is shown in a pipe coupling with parallel interior walls, but may just as well be mounted in conical couplings or joints. It may be used in flange couplings, housings of pumps (see example below), pipe fittings, tube fittings, pipe couplings, and/or union couplings. It may also be used for dairy fittings, joined houses, e.g. of a pump, mechanical sealings, or similar as is evident to a person skilled in the art. The gasket and seat system of the present invention may also be used in heat exchangers, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Non-limiting examples of pump housings are for instance a housing of an eccentric screw pump, which may use a gasket as shown to the right in  FIG. 4 , or a twin screw pump (see  FIGS. 5A and 5B ), which may use a gasket having the shape as shown to the left in  FIG. 4 , for displacement of viscous fluids, such as food. The pump housing  50  is generally built in a pipe system for transporting the fluids therein, e.g. milk products. More precisely, with reference to  FIGS. 5A and 5B , the pump housing  50  may comprise a flange coupling  51  to a pipe feeding in the fluid  55  to the pump, as well as a further flange coupling  54  on the other ending of the pump housing, to a pipe or a driving unit  53  for the twin screws  52 , into which the pump displaces the fluid fed in from the feeding pipe. Hence, the gasket and seat system may also be located in such a joint having pipe to pump couplings as elements, as described above. 
         [0038]    The gasket and seat system may also be arranged in a housing  60 , for sealing off e.g. a shaft  61  having mounted thereon a shaft mounted element, see  FIGS. 6A and 6B . In rotation of the shaft  61 , element  60  rotates together with the shaft onto which it is mounted. However, element  61  is attached to shaft  60  in such a manner that it may move a predefined short distance in axial direction. Even in this case, the gasket  62  will ensure sealing according to the above given conditions concerning hygienic sealing and pressure durability. More precisely, in this case, the wall  17  facing the interior of the housing is angled away from a common point of engagement for the interior surface  26  and the wall  17 . This increases the angle in the corner in order to prevent product from being retained in that area. The gasket  62  has also an inner and outer portion, as gasket  1 , and a radial groove  63 , which is easily perceivable from  FIG. 6B . An axial movement of element  60  over a short distance in relation to shaft  61  is possible without degradation of the sealing capabilities of gasket  62 . The gasket  62  may for instance be a radial sealing ring, shaft  61  and the element mounted thereon may be a shaft in a pump. As mentioned above, the gasket may be self-retaining inside the seat, which simplifies the procedure of coupling the joint elements, e.g. pipes or union elements. Hence, a method of assembly a gasket and seat system is provided by the present invention, for sealing a joint of elements as described above. The method comprises the step of pre-mounting the gasket in one element of said joint that comprises the seat for the gasket. In this way the assembly of the system is facilitated, compared conventional gaskets, such as O-ring sealings that are not self-retaining and cause a complicated and expensive assembly of such systems. 
         [0039]    Equivalent elements can be substituted for the ones set forth above such that they perform in substantially the same manner in substantially the same way for achieving substantially the same result. 
         [0040]    It is believed that the system and method as described and many of its attendant advantages will be understood by the foregoing description. It is also believed that it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the components thereof without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention or without sacrificing all of its material advantages. The form herein before described being merely exemplary and explanatory embodiment thereof. It is the intention of the following claims to encompass and include such changes.