Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of packaging wine in a container essentially consisting of a plastics material glass closed by a lid, wherein a lid is sealed to the rim of the glass and, while sealing the lid, the container is deformed to reduce the volume of the head space.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 13/201,475 filed on Sep. 12, 2011, which is a 371 of PCT/FR2010/000201 filed Mar. 11, 2010 which claims priority from French Patent Applications Nos. 0901210 filed Mar. 16, 2009 and 0901211 filed Mar. 16, 2009, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a wineglass, to a container filled with wine that incorporates this wineglass, and to a method of packaging wine in this glass. 
     The invention relates in particular to a plastics material glass and to a container that incorporates this glass and is filled with wine packaged in a modified atmosphere. 
     PRIOR ART 
     Packaging wine in a sealed drinking glass is described in French patent FR 2 735 003. The container in that patent includes a closure member fitting closely to the wall of the container in order to seal the packaging; the closure member has a plane lower face situated in the vicinity of the free surface of the wine in order to define a residual space of at most two cubic centimeters. The glass is made of glass or plastic. 
     The choice of such a small residual space (also referred to as a “head space”), although it makes it possible to limit the volume of gas “trapped” in the container, requires the use of a closure member specifically adapted to the shape and the dimensions of the drinking glass concerned, which is costly, makes it difficult to automate closure of the glass by such a member, and may also make it difficult for a consumer of average dexterity to open the container. 
     The European patent EP 1 235 501 proposes to package wine in a sealed container having overall permeability to oxygen that is sufficiently low to allow long-term storage of the wine contained in the container. 
     The container is made of glass and is closed by a heat-seal film lid including a layer of aluminum coated with a protection layer. 
     The wine is packaged in a low-oxygen atmosphere; thus the head space defined by the film lid, the wall of the glass, and the free surface of the wine contains little oxygen, which limits oxidation of the wine. 
     The head space is at a lower pressure than the outside environment, in particular when the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere in the head space is reduced by injecting an inert gas or gases. 
     A reduced pressure in the head space (and consequently in the wine) may facilitate the diffusion of oxygen contained in the air around the sealed container through its walls, and in particular through the film of material that seals the film lid to the (drinking) glass, if the film lid and/or the wall of the glass have low permeability to oxygen, and that compromises good storage of the wine. 
     That reduced pressure may also cause localized (confined or individual) rupture or detachment of the sealing film and/or the film lid, ending confinement of the wine, and causing (micro)leakage of surrounding air into the container, leading to rapid deterioration of the qualities of the wine. 
     Moreover, reducing the volume of the head space compromises user friendliness when the glass is closed by a plane film lid: there is a greater risk of spilling the wine when peeling off the film lid and when the consumer raises the glass to the lips. 
     Strengthening the adhesion of the film lid to the edge or rim of the glass by means of a sealing film causes problems: the increased strength of the seal makes it more difficult to detach the film lid and is liable to cause it to tear. 
     Moreover, increasing for this purpose the area over which the film lid adheres to the rim requires a glass with a thick rim, which reduces the enjoyment of the wine. 
     Moreover, a sealing film that is thick and/or that extends over a large area of the rim is liable, after detaching the film lid, to leave behind film lid residues that remain attached to the rim, which is also not user friendly. 
     Another potential problem linked to sealing a film lid to the rim of a glass is the result of a defect in terms of the flatness of the rim: in this situation, closure may be perfect over only a portion of the outline of the rim and may be deficient over a different portion of that outline, thus facilitating the occurrence of leaks between the inside volume of the container and the medium (in particular the air) surrounding the container. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the invention is to propose a container filled with wine comprising a wineglass closed by a film lid that enables improved storage of the wine and that makes use of the glass by a consumer more user friendly. 
     An object of the invention is to propose a container filled with wine essentially consisting of a wineglass closed by a film lid, which container is improved and/or remedies at least in part the shortcomings or drawbacks of known containers filled with wine. 
     An object of the invention is to propose a wineglass adapted to be easily and efficaciously closed, by a film lid, which wineglass is improved, and/or remedies at least in part the shortcomings or drawbacks of known wineglasses. 
     An object of the invention is to propose a method of packaging wine in a container essentially consisting of a glass closed by a film lid, which method is improved and/or remedies, at least in part, the shortcomings or drawbacks of known methods of packaging wine. 
     One aspect of the invention proposes a plastics material glass, in which the upper extremity of the edge (or rim) of the glass comprises an annular thermoplastic material rib and two receiver surfaces (or volumes) lying on either side of the rib and set back from the top of the rib to receive plastics material resulting from flattening of the rib. 
     In section the rib may have an upside down ‘1’ shape. 
     The rim may have a central upper part and two lateral lower parts set back from the central part, above and between the receiver surfaces, which makes it possible to increase the area of contact between the rim and a film of material for sealing a film lid to the rim, without increasing the width (or thickness) of the rim, to increase the resistance to tearing off the film lid, to reduce the oxygen permeability of the connecting area (the sealing film in particular) connecting the rim to the film lid, and to limit, or avoid the presence of projecting residues after tearing off the film lid. 
     Two first substantially plane surfaces of revolution may lie on either side of a central part of the rib and be set back from the top of the rib, and two second substantially plane surfaces of revolution may lie on either side of and are set back from the two first surfaces; connecting surfaces, also of revolution, may each lie between one of the first surfaces and one of the second surfaces, to connect them together in pairs. 
     The rim may include a peripheral portion projecting relative to the outside face of the lateral wall of the glass to cooperate with the glass to form a ledge or flange adapted to receive the extremity of a holding tool to facilitate manipulation of the glass or a blank for the glass. 
     The glass may in particular be produced in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by an injection blow molding process. 
     Another aspect of the invention proposes a method of packaging wine in a container essentially comprising a plastics material glass closed by a film lid, wherein an inert gas or gases is/are injected into the head space, a film lid is sealed to the rim of the glass and the container is caused to be deformed to reduce the volume of the head space while sealing the film lid, this deformation preferably including plastic deformation of the film lid and/or elastic deformation of the walls of the glass. 
     The inert gases may comprise carbon dioxide. 
     In particular, the annular rib on the rim of the glass may be deformed plastically while heat-sealing the film lid. 
     Another aspect of the invention proposes a container comprising a plastics material glass containing wine and closed by a film lid including a metal layer, wherein the film lid presents (at least) one local deformation adapted to facilitate deformation of a substantial part of the film lid when a sufficient pressure difference is applied between the two main faces of the film lid to facilitate overall deformation of the film lid and to reduce the volume of the head space of the container. 
     The local deformation of the film lid may exhibit circular symmetry about the longitudinal axis of the glass. 
     The metal part of film lid may include a plurality of concentric local deformations, each exhibiting circular symmetry. 
     The deformed part of the film lid may have, in section, a U, V, half-wave, or full-wave shape. 
     Such local deformation of the film lid may be effected by stamping the film lid or the metal foil used to fabricate it. 
     Alternatively or additionally, the film lid may include numerous (local) deformations substantially regularly distributed over at least a substantial part of the film lid. In particular, the film lid may include at least ten deformations per square centimeter, the deformations being of substantially identical shape and distributed over at least a surface exhibiting centered symmetry such as a ring. 
     The distributed local deformations of the film lid may be obtained by embossing at least part of the film lid or the metal foil used to fabricate it. 
     Although the film lid may be provided with these deformations over the whole of its surface, a peripheral portion (or ring) of the film lid may be free of deformations in order to facilitate deformation of the whole of the film lid without deteriorating the contact and the adhesion of this peripheral portion to the rim via the sealing film. 
     The glass may include a first wall portion having a first thickness and a second wall portion extending the first wall portion and having a second thickness less than the first thickness, the area of the second wall portion being less than the area of the first wall portion, so as to confer on the glass a capacity for elastic deformation whilst ensuring sufficient protection against, diffusion of oxygen through the wall of the glass. 
     This capacity for elastic deformation may improve the quality of heat-sealing of a film lid to the rim of the glass, in particular in the event, of a defect in terms of the parallel relationship between the rim and the head of the heat-sealing tool. 
     This capacity for elastic deformation may equally make it possible to reduce the volume of the head space during heat-sealing and where appropriate to limit the pressure reduction in the head space when the glass is filled with wine and closed. 
     The first and second wall portions lie below the rim, the rim generally having a thickness greater than the thickness of the first wall portion. 
     The ratio of the first thickness to the second thickness may be in a range of approximately 1.1 to approximately 3, 4, or 5 and in particular in a range from approximately 1.3 to approximately 2 or 3. 
     The ratio of the area of the first wall portion to the area of the second wall portion may be in a range of approximately 1.5 to approximately 10, in particular in a range of approximately 2 to approximately 4. 
     The second wall portion may project or be recessed relative to the first wall portion, thus forming an enlargement or a reduction, respectively, of the volume defined by the walls of the glass. 
     The first and second wall portions may extend over surfaces of revolution. 
     The reduced pressure in the container may be of the order of 0.03 bar to 0.3 bar. The volume of the head space may be in a range of approximately 3% to approximately 30% of the capacity of the glass, in particular in a range of approximately 5% or 6% to approximately 10% of the capacity of the glass. 
     The invention makes it possible in particular to produce glasses with a capacity of one or more deciliters and containers incorporating these glasses in which the volume of the head space is of the order of approximately 3% to approximately 10%, 20%, or 30% of the capacity of the glass. 
     Other aspects, features, and advantages of the invention appear in the following description, which refers to the appended figures and illustrates preferred non-limiting embodiments of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic view in section on a diametral plane of a glass of one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic view in section on a diametral plane of a glass of another embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagrammatic view in section of the rim of the glass shown in  FIG. 2  and is a view to a larger scale of the detail III from  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is a diagrammatic view in section of the rim shown in  FIG. 3  after sealing a film lid to the rim. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagrammatic view in section of the rim after tearing off the film lid to consume the wine. 
         FIG. 6  is a diagrammatic view in section on a diametral plane of a glass of a further embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagrammatic side view of a glass of another embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagrammatic plan view of a film lid of one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagrammatic view in section taken along the line IX-IX of the film lid shown in  FIG. 8 . 
         FIG. 10  is a diagrammatic view in section of the film lid shown in  FIG. 9  having a central part that has been deformed by the effects of a reduced pressure on its lower face. 
         FIG. 11  is a diagrammatic view in section of a film lid of another embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 12  is a diagrammatic view in section showing the attachment of the film lid from  FIG. 11 , having a central part that has been deformed, to the rim of a glass filled with wine, which is shown in part. 
         FIG. 13  is a diagrammatic view the film lid shown in  FIG. 15  in section taken along the line XIII-XIII. 
         FIG. 14  is a diagrammatic view in section of the film lid shown in  FIG. 13 , having a central part that has been deformed by the effect of a reduced pressure. 
         FIG. 15  is a diagrammatic plan view of a film lid of another embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 16  is a diagrammatic plan view of a film lid of a further embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Unless indicated explicitly or implicitly to the contrary, elements or members that are structurally or functionally identical or similar are designated by the same references in all the figures. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1, 2, 6, and 7  in particular, a plastics material glass  20  includes a wall  45  forming the bottom of the glass and a lateral wall  21  extending from the bottom  45  and terminated by a free edge (or rim)  22 . 
     In the configurations shown in  FIGS. 1, 2, and 6 , the glass  20  and the walls  21 ,  45  exhibit generally circular symmetry about the vertical longitudinal axis  26  of the glass; in particular, the upper part  60  of the wall  21  may have a cylindrical or frustoconical shape of circular section about an axis  26 . 
     In the configuration shown in  FIG. 7 , the wall  21  does not have this circular symmetry, a thinner part  63  of this wall lying in a plane, given reference  49  in the figure, that is not orthogonal to the longitudinal axis  26  of the glass. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 6 , the major part  60  of the lateral wall  21  and likewise the major part  61  of the bottom wall  45  have respective thicknesses  25  and  27 , that may be of the order of 1 mm to 2.5 mm. 
     In the configuration shown in  FIG. 1 , a lower part  23  of the wall  21 , which has a thickness  28  less than the thicknesses  25  and  27  of the wall portions  60  and  61 , projects outwards from the upper part  60  of the wall  21 ; this thinner portion  23  connects the portion.  60  of the wall  21  to the bottom wall  45  and is the result of a local enlargement of the inside section of the glass. 
     In contrast, in the configuration shown in  FIG. 6 , the thinner lower part  62  of the wall  21 , which lies between and connects together the bottom wall  45  and the upper part  60  of the wall  21 , forms a local depression on the outside face of the lateral wall of the glass and reduces the volume (of the glass) defined by this wall. 
     In the configuration shown in  FIG. 2 , the bottom wall  45  also includes a thinner portion  29  that is centrally located and surrounded by the thick wall portion  61 . 
     These thinner wall portions, thickness that may be of the order of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, facilitate substantially elastic deformation of the glass  20 , in particular if the glass is subjected to a compression force along its longitudinal axis  26 ; this makes it possible, notably when sealing a film lid, to reduce the height.  24  of the glass, for example by 1% to 2%, and to reduce the volume of the head space. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the rim  22  includes a peripheral portion  36  projecting from the outside face  21   a  of the lateral wall  21  and forming a projecting annular flange. 
     As shown in  FIG. 7 , this flange  39  may serve as a bearing point, to receive the end of a holding tool  48 , which facilitates manipulation of the glass or its blank by means of this tool during fabrication of the glass by molding; this fabrication is preferably effected by injection molding a thermoplastic material to obtain a blank for a glass and then by blow molding the blank to obtain the glass. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the upper end of the rim  22  includes a rib  90  of upside down T shape that lies above two surfaces  34 ,  35  of the rim lying on either side of the rib  90 . These surfaces  34 ,  35  are substantially plane and coplanar, i.e. they form part of or extend along a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the glass. 
     This configuration confers upon the (diametral) cross-section of the upper end of the rim a stepped shape with three levels and five steps  31  to  35 : the faces/surfaces  34 ,  35  form two first level steps; two other faces/surfaces  32 ,  33  that are substantially coplanar correspond to the two arms of the T shape and lie above the surfaces  34 ,  35 , forming two second level steps; and a central surface  31  that corresponds to the end of the stem of the T shape and that lies above the surfaces  32 ,  33  forms a fifth third level step. 
     The vertical distance  38  between the surfaces  32  and  34  and also between the surfaces  33  and  35  is preferably greater than the vertical distance  37  between the surfaces  32  and  33 , and the central surface  31 . The vertical distances  37 ,  38  are preferably less than 1 mm and for example in a range from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. 
     The surface  31  may be substantially plane and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the glass or, as shown in  FIG. 3 , have a rounded profile (in section). 
     Connecting surfaces such as the surfaces  50  that extend along cylinders whose axis is the longitudinal axis of the glass, for example, connect the surfaces  31  to  35  together in pairs. 
     As emerges in particular from a comparison of  FIGS. 3 and 4  or of  FIGS. 3 and 5 , the part.  51  of the rib  90  corresponding to the stem of the T shape “disappears”: this upper central part  51  of the rib  90 , which is subjected to heating and to compression transmitted by the film lid, is softened and melted, at least in part, with the lower part of the rib, which corresponds to the cross-bar (or the arms) of the T shape, which is also softened by the effect of this heating. 
     This results in enlargement of this lower part of the rib and reduction of the width of the surfaces  34  and  35 ; the duration and the temperature of heating the film lid, the magnitude of the force pressing the film lid onto the rim, the width of the surfaces  34 ,  35 , and the vertical distance  38  are all chosen so that deformation at the upper end of the rim during heat-sealing does not cause enlargement of the rim and does not cause the softened material of the rib to overflow beyond the surfaces  34 ,  35 , which would make the glass less user friendly. 
     Accordingly, with the connecting surface  50 , the two surfaces  34 ,  35  determine a receiver space (or volume) on either side of the rib, in line with the lower portions of the rib forming the crossbar of the T shape, and set hack from the top and the portion  51  of the rib, to receive the plastics material that creeps upon the flattening of the rib caused by the heat-sealing process. 
     When sealing a film lid to the rim, the central portion  51  may thus disappear completely (see  FIG. 4 ), or only in part (see  FIG. 5 ), in particular if the upper end of the central portion is not perfectly flat. 
     In the sealing configuration shown in  FIG. 4 , the film lid  40  includes a metal central layer  42 , in particular a layer of aluminum, the thickness  46  of which may be of the order of 30 micrometers to 60 micrometers, for example; the outside face of the layer  42  is coated with a layer  41  that may be a lacquer or a film of plastics material, in particular a polyester film adhering to the layer  42 . 
     The layer  42  is moreover coated on its inside face (which is also its lower face in relation to the disposition shown in the figures) with a layer  43  of thickness  47  that may consist of a lacquer or a heat-sealing plastics material. 
     By means of the (deformed) T-shaped rib, the area of contact and sealing between the rim and the film lid is increased without the width (or thickness)  30  of the rim being increased (see  FIG. 3 ). 
     Referring to  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the film lid  40  includes a single centered circular deformation  70  having (in section) a half-wave profile and projecting from the lower face (inside face) of the film lid. 
     In the configuration shown in  FIG. 11 , the film lid  40  includes two concentric circular deformations  70 ,  73  each having a half-wave profile and projecting from the inside face of the film lid. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 10 and 12 , if the inside face of the film lid (sealed to a glass) is subjected to a sufficiently reduced pressure, the portions  71 ,  76  of the film lid respectively defined by the deformations  70 ,  73  are entirely deformed and project on the inside face of the film lid. 
     The result of this is the appearance of a cavity  72  over a substantial part of the outside (upper) face of the film lid, a reduction in the volume of the head space ( 88  in  FIG. 12 ), and a limitation of the reduced pressure in the glass filled with wine  81 . 
     In the embodiments corresponding to  FIGS. 13 to 16 , the substantially plane film lid  40  includes many small deformations  80  regularly distributed over a substantial part of the film lid in the form of a disk ( FIG. 15 ) or of a ring ( FIG. 16 ). 
     These small deformations enable overall deformation  75  of the corresponding part of the film lid, with at least the central part thereof then assuming a dome shape projecting from the inside face  40   d  of the film lid as shown in  FIG. 14  when this inside face is subjected to a sufficiently reduced pressure, and enable a depression  72  of substantial volume to be formed in the outside face  40   a  of the film lid. 
     These deformations  80 , which may be obtained by embossing, may have a dimension of less than one millimeter, they may be of substantially identical shape, and they may be distributed at the rate of at least ten deformations per square centimeter of the surface of the film lid. 
     In the  FIG. 16  configuration, a central part  40   b  of the film lid is free of such deformations  80 ; another peripheral part  40   c  (or ring) of the film lid is also free of deformations in order to improve the contact and adhesion between this peripheral part and the rim of the glass. 
     Reducing the volume of the head space  88  by deforming the film lid and/or the walls of the glass makes it possible to limit the reduced pressure in the closed glass to a value of the order of 0.03 bar to 0.3 bar (i.e. of the order of 3*10 3  Pascal to 3*10 4  Pascal), and in particular to a value situated in a range from approximately 0.1 bar to approximately 0.2 bar. 
     The deformation of the film lid and/or the walls of the glass  20  may result from a reduced pressure in the glass (and in the head space in particular) because of the effect of exchanges occurring between the wine and the gas mixture contained in the head space or of changes occurring in the wine over time. 
     This deformation may be initiated or amplified by pressure on the film lid and on the rim of the glass while sealing the film lid.