Abstract:
A dental prosthesis foundation capable of being finished or adjusted or repaired and which may be assembled and adjusted to variable jaw ridge sizes, and formed with self-curing hardened resins. The foundation supports prosthetic teeth and is permanently but removably secured to the jaw by implants embedded in hard dental tissue, such as tooth stubs or bones. The dentures can be readily repaired or adjusted for changes in the jaw of the patient, by chairside techniques available to dentists. The foundation can also be adjusted to changes in size and shape of ridges in the jawbones for more comfortable use of the dentures secured on such prostheses.

Description:
This application claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 119(e) from U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/436,890 filed Dec. 27, 2002 and Ser. No. 60/504,922 filed Sep. 22, 2003, and pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 120 from copending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/970,475 filed Oct. 4, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,473. 
   CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This invention provides further improvements to, and is related to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/970475, filed Oct. 4, 2001, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, including the specification, drawings and claims. 

   FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to further improvements in dental implant structures, and in particular to adjustable and/or modular, removably secured dentures and dental bridges, i.e., oral, or dental prosthetics. A detailed background for this invention is provided in related U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/970475, filed Oct. 4, 2001, by the same inventor, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,473, the complete disclosure of which may be incorporated herein by reference, including the specification, drawings and claims (hereinafter the “Prior Case”). 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   As shown in  FIG. 1  of the Prior Case, it is well known to firmly attach dentures to hard dental tissue, such as the jawbone 14 or tooth stubs by an implanted support, via prosthetic dental bridges 10; foundations 12 for such bridges 10 are known. In particular, the dental bridge 10 may be securely mounted to implanted screw posts 16, or other known securing mechanisms. Such foundations 12 are also described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,575,651 and 5,788,492. Other, more readily removable, dentures secured to implanted supports are shown, for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,567,155 and 3,514,858. 
   The relatively slender implants to support foundations described in the first two patents identified above, and in the Prior Case, were originally considered suitable primarily as short term devices for use until the larger, “permanent” implants healed. One aspect of the present invention continues the earlier development and understanding that the slim implants can be used for substantially permanent, but removable denture prostheses of various types. The devices and procedures of the present invention avoid many of the problems of earlier systems when worn for extended periods, which included the lack of capability for easy removal and replacement, and potential irritation to the patient because of the difficulty of obtaining a proper fit to the jawbone and opposing teeth and gums, or to soft dental tissue. 
   Thus, a need continued to exist for a system which would permit the placement of a long-lasting dental prosthesis in a patient&#39;s mouth by chairside techniques available to the family dentist. Such a system should provide components for mounting such prosthesis, which can be firmly secured to the hard dental tissue, such as the jawbone, in a relatively short time, but which can be adjusted or removed to be prophylactically cleaned or repaired at a later date, and which is readily adaptable to the natural variations in the size and shape of ridges in jaw bones, so as to provide for more comfortable use of any dentures secured on such components. 
   Certain patients also find it preferable to be able to remove their dentures for daily cleaning. Problems arise with such readily removable systems, however, if a patient&#39;s jawbone continues to erode, or otherwise change, under the denture, or the internal portion of the denture is deformed from aging or lengthy use, resulting in a loose fit, lack of function and irritation to the patient&#39;s jaw. It is a common practice to bore out and reline existing or new dentures, which were originally made to rest on the gum, and to be retained by a close fit, without the alternative of using a denture adhesive, requiring reapplication each day. In all cases it is important that the denture continue to be accurately retained in the precise position in the jaw, especially relative to the opposing teeth. Any lining or relining must maintain the same or improved fit and retention, by firmly connecting the denture to implanted screws in the identical position regarding the prosthetic teeth. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, the channel forming the concave underside of a full, or partial, denture, for either the upper or lower jaw, can be lined with a resilient material, covering the hard denture form, and thus more effectively maintain the denture in the correct position while cushioning the patient&#39;s dental ridge. Such a denture lining is intended to provide for an improved grip on implants, and can be readily resurfaced. Furthermore, the existing or new denture can be retrofitted with the advantageous system of this invention. The prosthesis can be removed from the mouth by the patient to be prophylactically cleaned daily, or resurfaced at a later date by the dentist, and is readily adaptable to the natural variations in the size and shape of ridges in jawbones, so as to provide for more comfortable use of any dentures including such components. 
   In a first improvement, in addition to the anchoring implants, indexing guide pins are provided that are permanently implanted, bi-laterally, at the most posterior parts of the jaw. Such indexing pins can be the usual screw-type titanium dental implant device screwed into the jawbone and extending upwardly through and beyond the gum, to provide an indexing pin extending above the gum. A matching enlarged index aperture is provided in the bottom channel of the denture to ensure a precise alignment of the denture with the positioning pins. A hard, preferably metallic, indexing sleeve is permanently affixed in the denture, to prevent abrasion and misalignment each time the indexing pin moves into or out of the aperture. An example of such an indexing sleeve is shown resting on an indexing pin, before emplacement in a denture, in  FIG. 2 . The retaining implants preferably now have a spheroidal head extending above the gum line, and a platform substantially at the gum line and connected the spheroidal head by a slender neck. 
   A chairside prosthesis foundation is also provided for securing to a plurality of anchored dental implants, in accordance with the Prior Case. Each implant useful in that situation has an intermediate platform portion and an interconnectable top distal from the preferably threaded, implanted portion. The foundation can comprise modular components, which can be supported by the intermediate implant platforms, but which can be locked together by being encased in a resin, in a permanent relative juxtaposition. The locked together components can be removably connected to the implants, to enable subsequent adjustment of the prosthesis to fit a range of jaw ridge sizes or for cleaning or repair. As explained in the Prior Case, such modular components are secured in the jaw efficiently and relatively easily, and can be adjusted at a later date, to conform to the many variations in the size or shape of ridges in the jaw, rendering the prostheses more comfortable to the wearer. As also explained in the Prior Case, the modular components can be interconnected while secured to the implants and are then reinforced and locked together by being encased by a cured, or hardened, resin composition, such as any of the self-curing dental resins well known to dentists. 
   Both types of foundations, each referred to as a “splint”, provides a base upon which tooth forms/synthetic teeth can be supported. When the screw shafts are implanted, temporary tooth forms can be created at chairside by a dentist, once a splint is in place, to provide a patient with a prompt replacement of missing teeth, which are firmly but replacably connected to the implants, aiding the healing of the implants to the bone. Immediately after placing the implants, the splint serves to index the implanted screws so that they are maintained in position without movement, to aid in the healing process and to allow the bone to firmly grow around the implants. 
   During the initial healing process, it is desirable to avoid movement or dislodgement of the implanted screws resulting from the normal motions of the mouth and tongue. To achieve this, the implant screws are locked in place, together, by providing the splint. In one embodiment, shown in the Prior Case, each implant shaft has a polygonal top driving portion, engaging an indexing member which fits around and is held in a desired juxtaposition by the polygonal top. The preferred indexing member has paired arms extending outwardly therefrom, forming slots there between. Connecting bars, or flexible bands, extend through the slots on each indexing member from the first of a series of such implants to the last of the series, thus interconnecting the indexing members and thus anchoring the group of implanted screws together, to support each other in the desired juxtaposition. Each indexing member is in turn releasably secured to its respective implant shaft by a locking cap. To further enhance the rigidity and support provided by the overall splint structure, the bars and the indexing members are encased in a resinous material, thus forming a unitary rigid structure, which can be separated as a unit from the series of implants. In accordance with the improvement of the present invention, by forming the locking caps from a material non-adherent to the encasing dental resin, such as silicone or other polymeric non-adherent material, such as the polyacetal Delrin, the locking cap can be readily unscrewed from the implant, so that the foundation splint structure can be removed from the implants, once the implants are firmly set, i.e., fully healed to the bone. Either of the temporary or longer term dentures can by supported on, and connected to the splint. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  illustrates, on a jaw model, a series of indexing and holding implants having the desired spheroidal head of this invention and banded necks; 
       FIG. 1   a  illustrates, the jaw model of  FIG. 1 , of a series of indexing and holding implants having the desired spheroidal head of this invention without the neck bands; 
       FIG. 2  illustrates, the jaw model of  FIG. 1  with insert covers over the indexing implants; 
       FIG. 3  illustrates, the jaw model of  FIG. 1 ; wherein the holding implants are covered by a half sheath; 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a detailed perspective view of the half sheath shown in  FIG. 3 ; 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an elevation view of a spheroidal headed implant for the present invention, as shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 6  illustrates, the jaw model of  FIG. 3 , wherein the holding implants are covered by a half sheath which is in turn covered by a metal reinforcing frame; 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a top plan view of the spheroidal head of the holding implants shown in  FIG. 5 : 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a front view of a splint being applied to the jaw, over the holding implants; and 
       FIGS. 9A-I  illustrate the procedure for forming a completed splint or dental prosthetic bridge in accordance with the present invention. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a locking screw cap made of a structural, nonadherent polymer, such as the polyacetal Delrin, to secure the prostheseis to the implant; 
       FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional elevational view of a single tooth prosthesis anchored to an implant; 
       FIG. 12  illustrates the skeleton of a prosthesis foundation which is threadedly connected to the implants; 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   As described herein, the various rigid structural components shown in the drawings are fabricated from, for example, titanium, stainless steel, and/or any other suitable dental implant material which can withstand functional loads and support crowns, bridge segments, or the complete replacement of teeth with tooth forms/synthetic teeth/artificial teeth. 
   A model of a patient&#39;s jaw ridge R is shown in  FIGS. 1 and 1   a , including implanted into the jawbone ridge a pair of the guide, or indexing, pins  2  in the posterior-most portions of the model, and a series of implant screw type retention pins  5 . Each of the retention pins has a flattened dome-shaped, or spheroidal, head  9 , and a narrower neck  10  and threaded shank  20 , extending into the jawbone. Intermediate the shank and neck is a flange  22  having a distally facing platform  22 A. The combination of the neck  10  and head  9  provides an undercut surface for retention and the platform  22 A a firm support for the denture. In addition, as will be explained further below, closely surrounding the neck  10  there may be employed a removable elastic band  7 , which can be utilized to vary the degree of any undercut effect by reducing or increasing the effective diameter of the shank to the needs of the patient. 
   The head  9  is preferably a flattened sphere, having a circular transverse cross-section, i.e., in the plan view of  FIG. 5 , but an ovoid cross-section when viewed along the axial plane of the implant shaft, i.e., the elevation view of  FIG. 7 , and having, e.g., a slot  37  serving as a driving portion, as shown in  FIG. 5  The driving portion  37  is adapted to engage a tool, such as, in this example, a screw driver, which may be manually or mechanically driven, such as by a dental drill, to turn the screw  5  in a selected rotational direction to secure or remove the screw  18  from the hard dental tissue, in a manner known in the art. The screw  5  can thus be anchored in the ridge portion of e.g., the jawbone in a self-threading manner. 
   The advantage of the flattened spheroid is that it does not extend axially as far as a full sphere of the same diameter, but at the same time, it provides the continuous smooth surface which is least likely to be uncomfortable to the wearer and also simplifies dental hygiene by avoiding any sharp corners. The spheroidal headed implant can be used for a single tooth prosthesis ( FIG. 11 ) or as part of a bridge denture, with other such implants. A slot  37  may also be provided in the head, to permit easier insertion of the implant into the jaw. 
   As shown specifically in  FIG. 11 , and described more fully in the context of the Prior Case, another preferred embodiment of the holding implant screw  94 ,  18  has, at one end, a relatively long self-tapping threaded shaft  20 . In use, an opening is made through any soft dental tissue, e.g., gums, overlying the jawbone, and the implant screw  18  is screwed into the hard dental tissue. The implant screw  18  has various advantageous features, such as a flange  22 , functioning as an implant platform, having a flat surface  22 A on a first side adjacent to which modular components are positioned and supported, and having a tapered smooth portion  22 B on a second side facing the dental tissue from which the threaded shaft  20  extends. The threads preferably do not extend the full length of the shaft  20 , such that a substantially smooth, unthreaded portion is preferably present immediately adjacent the tapered portion  22 B. In addition, this embodiment of the implant screw  18  includes a driving portion  24  which, in this example, is a flat polygonal extension, having a rectangular longitudinal cross-section. The driving portion  24  is adapted to engage a tool, such as a socket wrench bit. This is more fully set out in the Prior Case, incorporated herein. It is understood that the driving portion need not be in the specific shape shown, and may be polygonal concavity or extension, to engage compatible tools known in the art. 
   This second preferred embodiment of the slender holding implant screw  94 , as shown in  FIG. 12  includes at the protruding longitudinal end, another type of prosthesis connecting member  26  for attaching the modular prosthesis components thereto. In the preferred embodiment of  FIGS. 2-5 , the prosthesis connecting member  26  is externally threaded, as shown most clearly in  FIG. 2 , for receiving an internally threaded cap  27 ; (an embodiment of a cap is shown in  FIG. 10 ), for removably but rigidly connecting the implant screw to the splint. 
   The implanting of the relatively slender indexing implant pins  2  is the same as is discussed above, for example, with respect to the holding implant pins. It is noted that unlike the relatively slender holding, or retention, pins  5 , the upper or outer portion of the indexing pins  12 , preferably taper inwardly towards the end distal of the gum line. 
   All of the implanted pins in the several embodiments of the present invention are preferably formed of titanium metal (or alloys thereof can also be used), having threaded shank diameters in the range of preferably 1.6 to 2.1 millimeters, preferably not greater than about 2 mm, and an overall length of at least about 16 millimeters and preferably not more than about 20 millimeters. The threaded shanks are substantially the same for both the indexing and holding pins. 
   As shown in  FIGS. 10 and 12 , the present invention also provides for a locking screw cap  227 , made of a structural, nonadherent polymer, which can be used to secure the splint to the above described second implant embodiment. The Delrin screwcap  227  can have the same structure as one made of titanium, i.e., an internal threaded portion  327  at one end, and an internal preferably polygonal circumferential driving surface  328  at the other end. The advantage of this type of screw cap  227  is that it is less likely to cause any damage to the relatively fragile threaded upper portion  26  of the implant (which may be caused by, e.g., cross threading or overtightening a cap screw made of a relatively hard metal, such as titanium) or to the denture material, because of e.g., Delrin&#39;s relative softness, flexibility or elasticity, relative to the material forming the implant, and at the same time it is non-adherent to the more common dental resins, used to encapsulate the splint. This nonadherent, polymer cap  227  is also tapered inwardly, towards the internally threaded end  327 , so as to ease removal when being unscrewed after the hardening of the resin around the polymer cap  227 . The cap  227  preferably also has an internal polygonal drive portion  328 , at the end distal from the, preferably internal threaded, connection to the implanted shaft. The tightly holding, hardened resin, is preferably of the type which swells slightly as it sets and hardens, thus pressing against the locking cap to the implant, such as the polymeric, e.g., Delrin, cap or against the spheroidal head of an implant, thus serving to further reinforce the structure, by either preventing any slippage of the relatively soft and flexible plastic Delrin cap on the implant threads, after the resin has hardened, or firmly gripping the spheroidal head when the splint is applied. 
   Prior to initially forming the splint, of whichever form, a mold of the mouth showing the locations of the upper ends of the implants and their shape, together with any indexing element  80  present on each implant, is made using the usual dental impression material. A denture prosthesis can be prepared from this mold, by known procedures, which will locate the implant tops extending through the dental prosthesis. The concavity formed by the posterior indexing implants should be expanded to a larger opening to leave room for the jacket insert to be attached to the denture. This initial foundation, formed from a relatively hard dental resin, is then treated to remove material from the concave portion formed around the jaw ridge, to permit the molding of a softer more resilient dental resin liner, as follows. 
   In  FIG. 2 , it is shown that the exposed portions of the holding pins  5 , prior to molding the dental foundation insert, can also be covered by removable jackets  19 , which are preferably formed of a silicone dental resin, and are to be permanently imbedded in the final denture to provide a more durable contact surface for the holding pin  5 . As shown, the jackets  19  extend over and around undercut portions of the spheroidal head  9 , to improve their retention in the denture and to reduce the likelihood of their being withdrawn when the dentures are removed from the mouth. By molding the jackets  19  into the denture liner when originally fabricating the liner, the denture can be readily removed, portions of the material forming the denture channel surface are cut-out and relined in situ, by the dentist. The denture is then readily replaceable in a precise location in the jaw by virtue of the pins  2  in the indexing sleeves  12 , which remain firmly attached in place. The sleeves  12 , are imbedded in the hard denture material, are not worn away by removing the denture from over the indexing pins  2 , thereby extending substantially the life of the denture by permitting accurate repeated resurfacing in spatial position and height to match the opposing teeth, in the event of changes to the jaw ridge or wearing of the portions surrounding the spheroidal holding pins. 
   By providing for a permanent spatial indexing of the denture in the jaw, aligned with the opposing teeth, the further advantages of the present invention overcome the need of prosthodontic specialists to establish anew the important gnatalogioal parameters each time the denture is relined. 
   As shown in  FIG. 2 , a flexible, preferably resilient, jacket, made, e.g. of a silicone dental polymer, or other resilient resin can be placed over the spheroidal top of the holding implant. As explained, this avoids any adhesion between the curing resin and the implant surface permitting ready removal of the denture after the resilient denture material is cured. The silicone or other polymeric resilient sleeve need not be non-adherent to the dental resin placed in the denture channel, for the in situ molding to the dental ridge. Nonadherency may be desirable, if it would enable ready replacement of the jacket in the event of wear, reducing the frequency of remolding the denture channel liner. The silicone sleeve can be easily picked out from the resin in the denture when it is removed from the jaw, or maintained in place. 
   After having formed the relatively hard internal portion of the denture, which will retain the guide sleeve  12  for the indexing pins  2 , the remaining portions of the concave denture channel can be enlarged and filled with a self-curing resilient dental resin to permit the formation of a comfortable contact between the gum and the denture, even in those circumstances where due to age or illness, the jawbone ridge has become very thin. When preparing an older, existing denture to be modified to utilize the system of the present invention, or a new denture foundation, a relatively large channel is made in the denture for passive position alignment. First, a denture material is hard cured at least in the posterior portions of the channel, so as to permanently place the guide sleeves  12  in the rear portions of the denture. Once the sleeve is accurately placed and the hard resin cured, the remaining steps can follow in a routine manner. 
   In a preferred process, a soft partial tube indicated by the numeral  15  in  FIG. 3 , is placed along the jaw ridge over the spheroidal caps but preferably ending adjacent the guide pins. The soft semi-tube channel has a preferably “Omega-shaped” cross-section, rather than forming a true semi-circle or simple partial oval. The cross-section of the tube  15  is shown in  FIG. 4 . The tube is so sized that the ends  15 A of the Omega-shaped cross-section contact the surface of the relatively small diameter shank of the implant keeper, below the dome. When the denture filled with the curable dental resin is placed over the gum, the resin will cure in the shape of the tube; thereby forming the indented channel encasement, along the entire edge of the denture base. Thus, when a denture is placed in the jaw such that the guide pins extends into the indexing sleeve and the keeper pins extend into the channel, there will be an elastic effect where the interior of the channel, into which the domed-shaped heads will fit, has a larger diameter than the opening, thereby serving improve the retention of the denture on the jaw. There is thus a resilient surface on the interior of the denture providing a cushioning effect to the jawbone increasing the comfort of the wearer, while simultaneously acting to improve the retention of the denture in the mouth, thereby avoiding any embarrassing loss of dentures during use, such as while eating. 
   The Omega-shaped tube  15  can be formed of a material, which is non-adherent to the dental resin and therefore would be easily removed when the dental resin is fully cured. 
   Where it is required to deeply grind-out the interior of a denture to make sufficient space for the liner, the denture may be sufficiently weakened to require a metal reinforcement. Such reinforcement can be provided by the slotted metal shield  20  shown in  FIG. 6 . The metal strip is sufficiently flexible that it can be fitted over the silicone tube  15  and follow the curvature of the jawbone. When the resilient curable resin is placed in the hollowed-out denture and the denture placed over the metal shield, the curable resin will flow through the slots thereby filling the entire space between the sleeve and the silicone tube thereby forming a laminated metal resin reinforced structure with sufficient rigidity and strength. 
   The comfort of the patient when using a denture can be further enhanced by originally molding a denture with flanges that extend around the jawbone ridge. To enhance proper fit and comfort, and to reduce the likelihood of material inserting itself between dentures and gum, a pair of channels are formed on either side of the denture flange, which are filled with the any resilient material as the upper portion, and thus form a seal and a comfortable cushioning along ridge and the lower edge of the denture. A silicone small diameter bead space is formed on a replica of the jaws that firmly retains a resurfacing liner in place. The liner is removable for home care use an easily replaced in its indexed predetermined position, providing a patient with optimum hygiene and comfort. 
   It is recognized that it may be desirable to reduce the stress required to remove denture from the domed-shaped pins, for those persons who don&#39;t require a very firm fit for their dentures and would prefer to more easily remove the denture every evening for cleaning or soaking for any reason. The providing of resilient bands that can be stretched to fit over the dome and wrapped tightly around the neck of each of the pins, provides a means to adjust the degree of undercut, thus reducing the stress required to remove the denture from the retaining pins. These resilient bands can be of varying thickness to permit gradations in the effect of the resilient resin griping the domed-shaped pins. Examples of such bands are shown in  FIG. 9E , in place around the shank of the pin. A simple pair of needle-nose pliers can be used to spread the band so as to fit over the spheroidal dome and then left in place around the shank. Similarly because of the softness of that resin, if it is desired to remove the band they can be readily sliced. 
   As a final advantage, it is possible to form a simple silicone, tooth-colored denture replacement, frictionally retained by the instant implants, for night time sleep use. These would not be suitable for chewing but would allow the patient to remove the denture without having to sleep, or otherwise, with the bare pins exposed. 
   The implant of this invention having a spheroidal head, as in  FIG. 10 , is effective for use for a single tooth prosthesis or as part of a bridge denture, where one or more of the spheroidal caps are placed on the implants As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 11 , an internal hollowed out portion, such as a groove or cup, is formed on the bottom of the denture. The groove or cup is filled with, e.g., a self-cure polymerizing resin  275 , and a prefabricated silicone wafer  276  is affixed over the spheroidal cap  360 , and the underside of the denture, with the resin, is pressed down over the silicone covered spheroidal cap. The silicone wafer  276  does not adhere to the curing resin  275 , but the resin frictionally holds the silicone covered spheroid after the resin sets. The denture can be pulled off from the spheroidal cap by virtue of the inherent elasticity of the resin and the silicone. If desired to render the denture not removable by the patient, the prosthesis can be locked in place, which would also prevent it from accidentally coming loose, by a cross-pin  270  extending from the interior (labial side) of the prosthesis into the silicone wafer  276  through the resin  275 . When the cross-screw  270  is removed, the prosthesis then can be flexibly pulled off. 
   One example of a preferred procedure for forming a single full denture plate e.g. for a lower jaw, is set forth in  FIGS. 9A through 9I . The process is shown in terms of a model of a patient&#39;s jaw ridge depicted in each of the figures but most fully presented in  FIG. 9A . This denture is of the patient removable type but intended to be long term and thus substantially permanent. The advantage is that if there is a problem with, for example, food particles being pushed between the denture and the jaw, the patient can remove and clean the denture himself, or jaw ridge can be cleaned and rested from further irritation while any irritation heals. This system makes this possibly by providing the permanent spatial indexing of the denture in the jaw by virtue of the implanted screws. 
   Referring to  FIG. 9A , there is a pair of enlarged openings provided in the most distal parts of the denture for locater implants, as shown by the openings  101  at the rear molar locations. As shown in  FIG. 9B , a pair of positioning implants  2  is set at the rear-most positions in the jaw bone R, and complimentary openings  101 ,  101   a  to match, are set in the prospective dentures. In  FIG. 9B , the positioning implants  2  are shown covered by sleeves  12 , or copings, which are to be secured into the denture and into which the locater implants  2  will slide when the denture is in place. By so doing, as explained above, wear of the denture material is minimized, as the sleeve  12  is formed of a low friction durable material which would not as readily wear as the hard denture material. In addition, the material of the sleeve  12  can also have sufficient flexibility and resilience to provide further cushioning with respect to the locater implants. 
     FIG. 9C  depicts the jaw bone ridge after the holding implants  9  have been screwed into place in the jaw bone. These holder implants  18  have the overall appearance shown in  FIG. 5  or  10 . The implant  18  may have a removable spheroidal top,  361 , if desired for any reason. As shown in  FIG. 9C , color-coded elastic resilient bands  7  may be placed on the neck of each of the holder implants  18  to reduce the undercut between the neck portion and the major diameter of the spheroid top  9 . As explained above, this allows for variability in the force required to remove a denture from the implants. A thicker band  7  reduces such force, and thus the strain on the denture, whereas the maximum force would be required when there is no band in place.  FIG. 9E  displays the use of a special sphere-like tool, for expanding the resilient bands to fit them over the major diameter of the spheroid cap when placing them around the neck of the implant. 
     FIG. 9D  shows the same view as  9 C, but snap-on silicone caps  119  are in place over the spheroid top  9  of each implant  18 . Again as explained above, these resilient caps provide means for avoiding any adhesion between a curable dental resin and the metal surface of the spheroid top. 
   In the next step of the procedure, as shown in  FIG. 9F , a silicone tubular sleeve is placed over and extends along the entire jaw ridge line, covering the spheroidal domes and extending substantially up to the locater implants. The silicone sleeve  115 , as explained above, has the substantially omega-shaped cross section, providing for a lip  116  at the bottom of the denture to form a seal along the jaw ridge line. 
   After the silicone sleeve tube  115  is in place, a metal reinforcement frame  125  is placed over the silicone tube (as shown in  FIG. 9G ). This frame serves as structural reinforcement for the denture to be formed in place over the jaw bone. The metal reinforcement frame  120  has a similar cross section to that of the silicone sleeve tube is placed over the sleeve and extends along and around the substantially full length of the silicone sleeve, in a preferred embodiment. This provides the maximum structural reinforcement of the denture when it is relined in situ. 
   While the jaw ridge is being prepared, a denture foundation, formed of a relatively hard and strong resin, is being excavated internally so as to generally fit over the frame covering the jaw ridge. The foundation will also have the openings for the locator implants  102 . A first soft auto cure resin is placed in the hollowed-out denture foundation and the filled denture is placed over the metal frame. The openings at the posterior-most region of the foundation fits over the locating implants, such that the resin cures around the sleeves covering the locater implants. The soft auto cure resin also flows through the openings in the metal frame and forms around the shape of the ridge of the jaw, as outlined by the omega-shaped silicone sleeve. When the resin is fully cured, the denture foundation is removed from the jaw and the remaining internal space concavity in the denture is defined by the interior of the silicone sleeve  115  to have the omega-shaped cross-section, including edge channels. 
   The silicone sleeve  115  is removed, or maintained if desired for further support, and an auto-curing soft liner resin is placed within the previously molded internal space of the denture foundation, including the edge channels. The thus filled denture foundation is again placed over the jaw ridge, and the liner resin permitted to cure, matching the smooth contours of the jaw ridge, and holding the embedded spheroidal heads, and enveloping the neck portions of the holding implants. When fully cured, the liner material holds the spheroidal heads  5 , as shown in  FIG. 9H , and surrounds at least the base portion of the indexing implants  2 , i.e., that closest to the gumline. The highly resilient nature of the liner resin, after curing, permits removing the denture foundation from the jaw ridge by exerting sufficient force.  FIG. 9I  shows the cured liner material, out of the denture, for purposes of explanation. The soft liner resin can be any dental resin that adheres to the surface of the above first autocured dental resin. Suitable such resins include the known auto-curing silicone dental resin for liners. 
   The denture foundation can be readily replaced in its precise position in the mouth by inserting the locater implants into the sleeves imbedded in the denture at the posterior regions and then pushing down on the forward portion of the denture such that the spheroid caps pass into the interior of the denture and are held tightly by the lips of the cured flexible resin. 
   When the denture foundation no longer fits securely, it can be deeply excavated to replace the softer liner resin. It is possible to provide for a greater depth of the flexible soft resin filling, without significantly reducing the structural strength of the hard denture base because of he metal frame embedded within the soft resin immediately adjacent the hard structure. This serves to provide the additional structural strength and rigidity required to maintain the integrity of the denture and to avoid having it come loose by being stretched or warp so as to loose its tight fit with respect to the spheroid caps of the implants. 
   The distal motion of the denture, namely that portion having the appearance of natural teeth, can be formed in accordance with the usual molding techniques followed by dentists. The prosthetic “teeth” are molded so as to engage complementarily with the opposing natural teeth in the mouth, or with the opposing denture if one was previously emplaced. The use of this invention does not interfere with such conventional molding techniques, and thus allows dentists and dental laboratories to continue with their usual practice when forming a permanent denture prosthesis. 
   The above disclosure sets forth preferred embodiments of the present invention. Only the following claims fully define the invention: