Abstract:
The invention relates to a tower or a tower segment of a wind turbine, having a door for entering the inside of the tower, comprising a door frame, which has a door opening that is preferably closed by a door leaf. The Invention further relates to a door frame for a door of a tower of a wind turbine, said frame having a door opening that is preferably closed by a door leaf, and to a wind turbine having a tower, a door provided for entering the inside of the tower, and a staircase leading to the door on the outside of the tower, preferably of a tower described above. The underlying object of the invention is to provide an air passage opening in at least one advantageous location. This object is achieved according to the invention in that the door frame has at least one air passage opening, particularly an air inlet opening.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This application is a national phase application based on PCT/DE2009/000099, filed Jan. 28, 2009, and claims priority therefrom; and further claims priority from German applications DE 10 2008 006 776.0 (filed Jan. 30, 2008), DE 10 2008 012 664.0 (filed Mar. 5, 2008), and DE 10 2008 037 768.6 (filed Aug. 14, 2008, and the contents of all the afore-mentioned applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     The invention relates to a tower or a tower segment of a wind power installation with a door for entering the interior of the tower, comprising a door frame comprising a door opening preferably to be closed with a door leaf. 
     Furthermore, the invention relates to a door frame for a door of a tower of a wind power installation that comprises a door opening to be closed preferably with a door leaf and relates to a wind power installation with a tower with a door provided for entering the interior of the tower and with stairs on the outside of the tower leading to the door, which tower is preferably a tower like the one initially cited. 
     Current wind power installations usually have a closed tower that is frequently built up from prefabricated tower segments, which tower can be entered through a door and in which an ascent is possible up to a so-called car on the tower head, possibly with an elevator. Electrical and/or electrotechnical apparatuses, for example, a converter and/or a transformer, are housed in this tower which heat up significantly in some cases and must therefore be tempered, especially cooled in order to avoid damage. To this end basically closed cooling circuits, especially with water cooling are considered; however they have the danger of leakages and are maintenance-intensive. A simpler air cooling of the tower interior or of selected areas of it, preferably with filtered air is therefore more to be recommended. For this, air must be able to enter into the tower at least one suitable position and can exit again at this position or at another position in the same amount. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention therefore has the basic problem of providing an air passage opening at least one favorable position. 
     The invention solves this problem in that the door frame has at least one air passage opening, in particular an air entrance opening. 
     This solution has, among other things, the advantages that the air passage opening can be readily constructed with manufacturing technology, that the statics of the tower are not adversely affected as a result, and that it is arranged in an area in which usually an apparatus to be tempered is located in spatially close proximity in the tower. The air can therefore by made available and supplied in a simple and economical manner to the apparatus to be tempered, preferably, for example, supplied with relatively short pipes or hoses. 
     The air passage opening is made available in an especially favorable manner in accordance with the invention if it is arranged under the door opening, as is provided in a further development of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  shows a view of a door frame in accordance with the invention with air passage openings, 
         FIG. 2  shows a first exemplary embodiment in accordance with the invention of a tower ventilation in schematic section through a tower foot, 
         FIG. 3  shows a second exemplary embodiment in accordance with the invention of a tower ventilation in schematic section through a tower foot, 
         FIG. 4  shows a detailed section from  FIG. 2  in a stairs area of the tower foot, 
         FIG. 5  shows a third exemplary embodiment in accordance with the invention of a tower ventilation in a schematic perspective view of a tower foot, 
         FIG. 5 a    shows a fourth exemplary embodiment in accordance with the invention of a tower ventilation in a schematic perspective view of a tower foot, 
         FIG. 6  shows a sectional view of an exhaust box along line VI-VI in  FIG. 5 , 
         FIG. 7  shows a perspective view of a tower segment in accordance with the invention, 
         FIG. 8  shows a lateral view of a lifting device, 
         FIG. 9  shows a sectional view along line IX-IX in  FIG. 8 , 
         FIG. 10  shows a loading bridge for bringing a structural component out of the tower segment. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The door frame preferably has an outer contour that is substantially oval in order not to adversely affect the statics of the tower with this especially stable shape in spite of this passage in the door wall. If the door opening, as is provided in another further development of the invention, is designed substantially approximately rectangular and perhaps the oval outer form is dimensioned somewhat more generously, there is sufficient space for an air passage opening in accordance with the invention inside the door frame in particular above and below the door opening. 
     The air passage opening is preferably provided with protection against the weather, for example, with lamellas that screen against rain. 
     According to a preferred further development of the invention at least one air exit opening is provided in the door wall, preferably on the side of the tower facing away from the air entrance opening and preferably somewhat higher than the latter, and in particular the air exit opening can also be provided with weather protection. 
     A next element of the invention provides that at least one suction apparatus is provided for the exiting of air. This can be in essence a ventilator, preferably in a ventilation conduit. 
     It is advantageously provided for a tower with a door provided for entering the tower interior and with stairs on the outside of the tower leading to the door in accordance with another further development of the invention for which independent protection is also claimed, that at least one apparatus for filtering air is arranged under the stairs. A filter installation is purposeful for filtering the air entering into the tower interior and the housing, in accordance with the invention, of a filter apparatus offers protection to the filter apparatus and at the same time makes it easily accessible. 
     In particular, the filter apparatus placed in accordance with the invention can be especially advantageously connected in front of an air passage opening arranged under the door opening. For example, the air path formed by the filter apparatus and the air passage opening can be associated with at least one electrical device, preferably a converter and/or a transformer for tempering, in particular cooling. 
     Another further development of the invention provides that in order to temper an apparatus to be tempered and preferably arranged above the door level in the tower interior the door frame has at least one air passage opening above the door opening. Then, for example, the air passage opening arranged above the door opening could be followed by at least one filter apparatus in the interior of the tower. However, the filter apparatus can also be arranged outside of the tower and in front of the air passage opening. 
     A filter housing for handling, especially for receiving a particle load, in particular a load of sand and dust, is preferably provided for the (particular) filter apparatus. In particular, the filter housing can then have a bottom particle removal with which the filter apparatus can be easily cleaned and the load removed from it. The filter apparatus preferably comprises at least one replaceable filter cassette which could contain, e.g., at least one zigzag filter. 
     Independent protection is also claimed for a door frame for a door of a tower of a wind power installation that comprises a door opening that is closed with a door leaf and that is distinguished by at least one air passage opening in an independent solution of the problem posed. The resulting advantages have already been described in connection with the tower in accordance with the invention. 
     The air passage opening is preferably arranged in accordance with the invention underneath the door opening for the reasons already mentioned above. In particular, the door frame can have a substantially approximately oval outer contour for static reasons and the door opening can be substantially approximately rectangular, so that there is sufficient space present between the contour of the door opening and the oval outer contour, especially above and below the door opening, for air passage openings in accordance with the invention. 
     The air passage opening can be provided with weather protection comprising, e.g., lamellas. 
     Independent protection is also claimed for a wind power installation with a tower with a door provided for entering the interior of the tower and preferably with stairs on the outside of the tower which stairs lead to the door, which wind power installation is characterized according to the invention in that at least one apparatus for the filtering of air is arranged under the stairs. Even the advantages resulting from this have already been described above. 
     In particular, as already mentioned, the filter apparatus can be connected in front of a air passage opening arranged under the door opening and the air path formed by the filter apparatus and the air passage opening could be associated with at least one electrical apparatus, preferably a converter and/or a transformer, for tempering, in particular cooling. 
     For the tempering of an apparatus to be tempered and to be arranged preferably above the door level in the tower interior, the door frame could comprise at least one air passage opening above the door opening. For example, a converter could be arranged above a transformer in the tower interior. However, for example, a converter and a transformer could also be housed in the bottom part of the tower, or a converter could be housed in the bottom part of the tower and a transformer could be arranged in a separate small transformer housing outside of the tower. Depending on the housings and arrangements, the door area of the tower could be provided in accordance with the invention in a simple, economical and efficient manner with at least one suitable air passage opening. 
     An air passage opening arranged above the door opening could be followed by at least one filter apparatus inside the tower. The filter apparatus can alternatively be arranged outside the tower and connected in front of the air passage opening. 
     A (particular) filter apparatus is preferably equipped with a filter housing for handling, in particular receiving a particle load, especially a sand and dust load. 
     In particular, the filter housing can comprise a bottom particle removal via which the filter housing can be relieved of its load and cleaned in a simple and comfortable manner. The filter apparatus preferably comprises at least one replaceable filter cassette. 
     Exemplary embodiments from which even further inventive features can result but to which the invention is not limited in its scope are shown in the drawings. 
       FIG. 1  shows the area  1  of a door in a section of a wall of a tower  2  of a wind power insatllation. Area  1  of the door and of the door frame  3  has a substantially oval contour  1 ′ in the exemplary embodiment shown for static reason. A door opening  4  framed by door frame  3  and closed by a door leaf  5  has a rectangular form in this exemplary embodiment. As a result and in accordance with the invention sufficient space for air passage openings  6 , 7  is present in particular above and below door opening  4  in door frame  3  in order to ventilate the tower, in particular to cool apparatuses housed in it with air. The air passage openings  6 , 7  could, e.g., be designed cirularly, as in the selected exemplary embodiment and have a diameter of, for example, approximately 450 mm, A rectangularly constructed door opening  4  advantageously makes it possible to use a standard door. 
       FIG. 2  shows a schematic section through the foot of a tower  2  of a wind power installation. Tower  2  comprises a door with a door leaf  5  according to  FIG. 1 . Inside of outer contour  1  of a door frame  3  an air passage opening  6  is located in door frame  3  underneath door leaf  5 . This passage opening  6  is additionally located underneath and in the protection of stairs  8  leading to the door of tower  2 . An electrical apparatus  9  that is to be tempered, especially cooled, is located inside tower  2  in the area of its foot, for which a sufficient air flowthrough and air exchange is ensured in the case of an air cooling in accordance with the invention. To this end in this exemplary embodiment air passage opening  6  is connected in such a manner that it conducts air via an air conduit  10 , for example, a hose to electrical apparatus  9 . In addition, a ventilator  11  is preferably inserted in air conduit  10  that draws the air in the direction of arrows  12  in through the air discharge opening  6  and supplies it to electrical apparatus  9 . The air can optionally be trapped after electrical apparatus  9  by a hood  13  and discharged to the outside via a further air conduit  14  and with another ventilator  15  through an air discharge opening  16 . Air discharge opening  16  is preferably arranged on the side of tower  2  facing away from air passage opening  5 . Also, by way of example a weather protection  17  with lamellas  18  is indicated in the drawing at air discharge opening  16 . Alternatively, however, for a drawing off of air in the direction of arrows  19  simply the chimney effect of tower  2  itself could be used, which, however, might not be pronounced enough. Theoretically, an air exchange, that is, an entering and an exiting of air could take place through the air passage opening alone; however, such an air exchange, especially at a high ambient temperature, might possibly not be pronounced and reliable enough. A solution like the one in  FIG. 2  is therefore preferred. In the case of low ambient temperatures a ventilator could perhaps be eliminated for cost reasons. 
     Electrical apparatus  9  can be, for example, a converter. However, for example, a transformer could also be set up at this location whereas a converter could be located on the tower head in the car of the wind power installation. A transformer could also be set up, for example, outside of tower  2  and cooled, for example, in its own small transformer housing. 
     In addition, a filter apparatus  20  is recognizable in  FIG. 2 . This filter apparatus  20  is arranged underneath stairs  8  in a protected and at the same time readily accessible area. It can consist, for example, of three filter cassettes  21  placed next to each other like plates that can be readily removed, replaced and cleaned. For example, a filter material folded in a zigzag-shape can be inserted in each filter cassette  21 . The arrangement of filter apparatus  20  with a suction intake opening facing downward to the ground has the advantage that particles trapped in filter apparatus  20  fall downward out of filter apparatus  20  at least partially automatically by gravity and optional vibration. Filter apparatus  20  is therefore self-cleaning. 
       FIG. 3  shows a second exemplary embodiment of a ventilated tower foot. The same structural elements are designated with the same reference numerals as in  FIG. 2 . 
     In distinction to the exemplary embodiment according to  FIG. 2 , now the electrical apparatus  9 , for example, a converter, is arranged further up in the tower  2  whereas a further electrical apparatus  22 , for example, a transformer, is arranged all the way at the bottom in tower  2 . Therefore, now the electrical apparatus  22  is cooled by an air flow  12  that flows from the air passage opening  6  arranged under the door leaf  5  to the air discharge opening  16 . The air flow is preferably transported here by a ventilator  15  that, deviating from the position shown in  FIG. 3 , can be arranged directly on the transformer or the electrical apparatus  22 . Such an arrangement facilitates the assembly. 
     Apparatus  9 , which is arranged higher, is cooled by another air flow  23 . To this end another air passage opening  7  is arranged above door leaf  5  in door frame  3 . From this upper air passage opening  7  a ventilation conduit  24  with a ventilator  25  runs to electrical apparatus  9 . A hood  26  with a ventilation conduit  27  with a ventilator  28  that runs to another air discharge opening  29  is optionally located above this apparatus  9 . Even air discharge opening  29  and upper air passage opening  7  have a weather protection  30 ,  31  with lamellas  32 ,  33 . Even in this described air path a filter apparatus  36  with filter cassettes  37  can be introduced in front of electrical apparatus  9 , which filter is located inside tower  2 . 
       FIG. 4  shows a detailed section from  FIG. 2  in a stairs area of the tower foot, but with somewhat differently shaped stairs  8 . The same structural elements are again designated with the same reference numerals as in the preceding figures. 
     In this  FIG. 4  in particular the formation of the door in section and the formation and arrangement of the filter cassettes  21  can once again be recognized more precisely. 
     Here, an air conduction piece  34  is introduced into air passage opening  6 . 
     A catch pan for dust and similar particles that can be removed or folded up could be provided, for example, in the area  35  underneath filter cassettes  21 . A folding mechanism carries the weight of filter cassettes  21  and the catch pan during the folding up. An uncontrolled downward falling of filter cassettes  21  and the catch pan can be prevented by the folding mechanism. 
       FIG. 5  shows tower  2  with transparent outer walls. Even in this embodiment of the invention there is sufficient space in door frame  3  for air passage openings  6 ,  7  in order to ventilate the inner space of tower  2 . The tower ventilation in accordance with the invention serves to cool the electrical apparatuses  9  provided in the foot of tower  2  such as, for example, transformer  22 . Air passage opening  6  located underneath door frame  5  is arranged underneath the landing of stairs  8 . A filter block  60  is mounted on the bottom of the landing in the direction of the air flow, that is characterized by arrows, in front of passage opening  6  on the outside of tower  2 . Filter box  60  cleans cooler air drawn in from the outside before passing through passage opening  6  from suspended particles, dust and the like. 
     Transformer  22  is housed in an air-conducting transformer housing  61  and is arranged somewhat above the bottom of the foot of tower  2 . The air drawn in through passage opening  6  can be conducted through an air conduit  62  of air-conduction transformer housing  61  underneath transformer  22 . From there it flows into the inner area of transformer housing  61  past transformer  22  and receives its heat at least in part. The air heated by the reception of heat rises in an accelerated manner up in transformer housing  61 . In the upper area of transformer housing  61  the heated air is trapped by a hood  13  and conducted through the further air conduit  14  to a ventilator  63  located inside the tower adjacent to passage opening  7 . Ventilator  63  blows the heated air out of air passage opening  7  located above door leaf  5  out of the inner area of tower  2  again into the ambient air. Ventilator  63  can, deviating from the view in  FIG. 5 , be arranged even directly on an upper side of hood  13  in order to simplify its assembly. 
     An exhaust box  70  according to  FIG. 6  is provided outside on air passage opening  7 . Exhaust box  70  is closed on its outwardly facing front side and is limited on the bottom and remote from the bottom by two bent strips  71 ,  72  with different lengths, between which two air passage slots  73  running parallel to the bottom remain free. Air passage slots  73  are covered by the longer strip  72  remote from the bottom and thus protected from rain falling in. An air baffle sheet for dividing the flow onto the two air passage slots  73  can also be advantageously provided in the inside of exhaust box  70 . 
     In  FIG. 5 a    the two air passage openings  6 ,  7  are covered on the one hand by door frame  3  and on the other hand by the two filter boxes  71 ,  72  arranged outside of the tower. Upper filter box  71  is connected in front of upper air passage opening  7  in the direction of flow of the entering air. Upper filter box  71  can be opened downward toward the ground. Filter cassettes  21  are let into filter boxes  71 ,  72 . Filter cassettes  21  are provided above a cover that can be downwardly opened at reaching height above the landing of stairs  8 . The cover with filter cassettes  21  can therefore be reliably folded downward by the mechanic and filter cassettes  21  can be replaced or cleaned if necessary. 
     Lower filter box  72  is arranged in the direction of flow of lower air passage opening  6  also connected in front of and underneath the landing of stairs  8 . Even the lower filter box  72  is equipped with a folding mechanism for lower filter cassettes  21  that allows filter cassettes  21  to be reliably folded downward by means of the cover and be replaced or cleaned. 
     The air entering through lower air passage opening  6  and cleaned by lower filter box  72  is drawn by a ventilator  15  through air conduit  10  into the inner space of tower  2  during which it passes electrical apparatuses  2 , e.g., a transformer, and cools them. The air receiving the waste heat is drawn off by ventilator  15  arranged in this example above an intermediate bottom and through further air conduit  14  and blown out of air discharge opening  16  to the outside. 
     The air passing through upper air passage opening  7  and filtered by upper air filter box  71  flows through the further air conduit  74 , transported by a ventilator  25 , past electrical apparatus  9 . The construction basically corresponds here to the construction shown in  FIG. 3 . However, there is no filter arranged there with filter boxes in the interior of tower  3  but rather a filter box  71  with filter  21  is connected outside of the tower in front of upper air passage opening  7 . 
       FIG. 7  shows tower  2  in a perspective phantom view with removed door frame  3  but with air passage openings  6 ,  7 . 
     Transformer  22  and area  1  are designed and coordinated in their size with one another in such a manner that transformer  22  can be introduced through area  1 , when door frame  3  is removed, into tower  2  and also removed later. 
     Transformer  22  can be designed smaller than usual as a result of the purposeful ventilation in accordance with the invention, such as shown, for example, in  FIG. 5 , namely, so small that it fits through area  1  after detachable door frame  3  has been removed. The purposeful ventilation is achieved by door frame  3  in accordance with the invention and its air passage openings  6 ,  7 , possible air conduction and/or by the air-conduction transformer housing  61 . Transformer housing  61  can be dismantled for the transport of transformer  22  and preferably be disassembled so that even these parts fit through area  1 . 
     Transformer  22  can be raised or lowered through an intermediate bottom  40  according to  FIG. 7 . To this end a loading flap or landing plates  41  that can be taken up can be let into intermediate bottom  40  in order to be opened. The raising of transformer  22  takes place with a lifting appliance  50  that can preferably be suspended from a flange (not shown) of the lowest tower segment of tower  2  inside tower  2 . Alternatively, fastening points for arresting lifting appliance  50  can also be provided in the tower wall. 
     Transformer  22  is preferably screwed or clipped to a horizontal loading beam  51  of lifting appliance  50  according to  FIG. 8 . Clips  52  can be equipped with running rollers  53  in the manner of a traveling crab in order to make possible a horizontal shifting of transformer  22  suspended on loading beam  51  along loading beam  51 . 
     Running rollers  53  can run, for example, in a double T form of loading beam  51 , as shown in  FIG. 9 . During the lifting or lowering of transformer  22  suspended on loading beam  51  clips  52  are secured against sliding by fixing bolts  54  on loading beam  51 . Transformer  22  can be fastened on clips  52  for assembly by eyelets  55  arranged on clips  52 . 
     Loading  51  can be extended outward, as schematically shown in FIG. 10 , through door opening  1  to a loading bridge in order that transformer  22  can be shifted out of tower  2  or into tower  2 . The outer end of the loading bridge can be supported outside of tower  2 , for example, with a support on the bottom or can be held in a suspended manner at the correct height with the aid of a crane (not shown). The loading bridge comprises the loading beam  51  provided inside tower  2  and comprises a loading beam  56  provided outside the tower. Loading beam  51  provided in tower  2  and loading beam  56  provided outside of tower  2  can be connected to one another in such a manner that they are temporarily fixed in their position by a connecting structural component  57  bar shifting transformer  22  by means of clips  52  along the loading bridge and form the loading bridge by their fixed connection. 
     Transformer  22 , its housing parts and also additional electrical apparatuses  9  in  FIG. 7  can be raised or lowered through intermediate bottom  40  when landing slabs  41  are taken up. In particular, it is also possible to first set transformer  22  and electrical apparatuses  9  on a foundation plate  42  of tower  2  and subsequently lift electrical apparatuses  9 , e.g., with the growing of tower  2  during its construction, through intermediate bottom  40  to the intermediate bottom level or to higher level. At least one intermediate bottom  40  in tower  2  can also be constructed in particular as a partial bottom  43  or gallery in order to allow a vertical path past this partial bottom  43  inside tower  2 .