Abstract:
An apparatus comprising a drive array, a first cache circuit, a plurality of second cache circuits and a controller. The drive array may comprise a plurality of disk drives. The plurality of second cache circuits may each be connected to a respective one of the disk drives. The controller may be configured to (i) control read and write operations of the disk drives, (ii) read and write information from the disk drives to the first cache, (iii) read and write information to the second cache circuits, and (iv) control reading and writing of information directly from one of the disk drives to one of the second cache circuits.

Description:
[0001]    This is a continuation of International Application PCT/US2008/006402, with an International Filing Date of May 19, 2008, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/046,815, filed Apr. 22, 2008, each of which is incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to drive arrays generally and, more particularly, to a method and/or apparatus for implementing a distributed cache system in a drive array. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Conventional external Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) controllers have a fixed local cache (RAM) used by all volumes. Based on frequent block address patterns observed, the RAID controller pre-fetches the related data from corresponding block address in advance. The approach of block-caching may not satisfy the growing access density requirement of applications (such as messaging, Web servers and Database applications) where a small percentage of files contribute to major percentage of I/O requests. This can cause latency and access-time delays. 
         [0004]    The cache in a conventional RAID Controller has a limited capacity. A conventional cache may not be able to satisfy the growing access density requirements of modern arrays. The cache in a conventional RAID controller uses block-caching which may not meet the demand of high I/O intensive application demanding file-caching. Other issues with growing data volumes in the Storage Area Network (SAN), environment arise when the limited RAID cache capacity does not meet the cache demand. All the Logical Unit Number devices (LUNs) are using the common RAID level block-caching. Such a configuration often causes a bottle neck when trying to serve different operating systems and applications residing data from different LUNs. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    The present invention concerns an apparatus comprising a drive array, a first cache circuit, a plurality of second cache circuits and a controller. The drive array may comprise a plurality of disk drives. The plurality of second cache circuits may each be connected to a respective one of the disk drives. The controller may be configured to (i) control read and write operations of the disk drives, (ii) read and write information from the disk drives to the first cache, (iii) read and write information to the second cache circuits, and (iv) control reading and writing of information directly from one of the disk drives to one of the second cache circuits. 
         [0006]    The objects, features and advantages of the present invention include implementing a distributed cache that may (i) allow file-caching in the same subsystem as the storage array, (ii) provide file-caching to be dedicated to the volumes or LUNs, (iii) provide file-caching distributed across a group of SSD that may be scaled, (iv) provide unlimited cache capacity for RAID caching, (v) reduce the access-time, (vi) increase access-density, and/or (vii) boost overall array performance. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]    These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the appended claims and drawings in which: 
           [0008]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a system of the present invention; 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  is a flow diagram illustrating the operation of the present invention; 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an alternate implementation of the group is shown; and 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram of another alternate implementation of the cache group is shown. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0012]    The present invention may implement an Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) controller. The controller may be implemented externally to the drives. The controller may be designed to have access to a cache-syndicate (or group of cache portions). The cache syndicate may be considered a logical group of cache memories that may reside on a solid state device (SSD). The volumes owned (or controlled) by the RAID controller may be assigned a dedicated cache-repository from the cache-syndicate. The particular assigned cache-repository may be projected to the operating system/application layer for file-caching. 
         [0013]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a block diagram of a system  100  is shown. The system  100  may be implemented in a RAID environment. The system  100  generally comprises a block (or circuit)  102 , a block (or circuit)  104 , a block (or circuit)  106 , and a block (or circuit)  108 . The circuit  102  may be implemented as a microprocessor (or a portion of a micro-controller). The circuit  104  may be implemented as a local cache. The circuit  106  may be implemented as a storage circuit. The circuit  108  may be implemented as a cache group (or cache syndicate). The circuit  106  generally comprises a number of volumes LUN 0 -LUNn. The number of volumes LUN 0 -LUNn may be varied to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. 
         [0014]    The cache group  108  generally comprises a number of cache sections C 1 -Cn. The cache group  108  may be considered a cache repository. The cache sections C 1 -Cn may be implemented on a Solid State Device (SSD) group. For example, the cache sections C 1 -Cn may be implemented on a solid state memory device. Examples of solid state memory devices that may be implemented include a Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM), a nano flash memory, or other volatile or non-volatile memory. The number of cache sections C 1 -Cn may be varied to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. In one example, the number of volumes LUN 0 -LUNn may be configured to match the number of cache sections C 1 -Cn. However, other ratios (e.g., two or more cache sections C 1 -Cn for each volume LUN 0 -LUNn) may also be implemented. In one example, the cache group  108  may be implemented and/or fabricated as an external chip from the circuit  102 . In another example, the cache group  106  may be implemented and/or fabricated as part of the circuit  102 . If the circuit  106  is implemented as part of the circuit  102 , then separate memory ports may be implemented to allow simultaneous access to each of the cache sections C 1 -Cn. 
         [0015]    The controller circuit  102  may be connected to the circuit  106  through a bus  120 . The bus  120  may be used to control read and write operations of the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn. In one example, the bus  120  may be implemented as a bi-directional bus. In another example, the bus  120  may be implemented as one or more uni-directional busses. The bit width of the bus  120  may be varied to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. 
         [0016]    The controller circuit  102  may be connected to the circuit  104  through a bus  122 . The bus  122  may be used to control sending read and write information from the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn to the circuit  104 . In one example, the bus  122  may be implemented as a bi-directional bus. In another example, the bus  122  may be implemented as one or more uni-directional busses. The bit width of the bus  122  may be varied to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. 
         [0017]    The controller circuit  102  may be connected to the circuit  108  through a bus  124 . The bus  124  may be used to control reading and writing of information from the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn to the circuit  108 . In one example, the bus  124  may be implemented as a bi-directional bus. In another example, the bus  124  may be implemented as one or more uni-directional busses. The bit width of the bus  124  may be varied to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. 
         [0018]    The circuit  106  may be connected to the circuit  108  through a plurality of connection busses  130   a - 130   n . The controller circuit  102  may control sending information directly from the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn to the cache group  108  (e.g., LUN 0  to C 1 , LUN 1  to C 2 , LUNn—Cn, etc.) In one example, the connection busses  130   a - 130   n  may be implemented as a plurality of bi-directional busses. In another example, the connection busses  130   a - 130   n  may be implemented as a plurality of uni-directional busses. The bit width of the connection busses  130   a - 130   n  may be varied to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. 
         [0019]    The system  100  may implement the cache portions C 1 -Cn as a group of solid state devices to for a cache-syndicate. When the system  100  creates a new one of the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn, a corresponding cache portion C 1 -Cn is normally created in the circuit  108 . The capacity of the circuit  108  is normally decided as part of a pre-defined controller specification. For example, the capacity of the circuit  108  may be defined as being, in one example, as being between 1% and 10% of the capacity of the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn. However, other percentages may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. The particular cache portion C 1 -Cn may become a dedicated cache resource for the particular volume LUN 0 -LUNn. The system  100  may initialize the particular volume LUN 0 -LUNn and the particular cache portion C 1 -Cn in such a way that an operating system and/or application program may use the cache portion C 1 -Cn for file-caching and/or additional volume capacity for storing actual data. 
         [0020]    The system  100  may be implemented with n number of volumes, where n is an integer. By implementing the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn each having one or more cache sections C 1 -Cn created, the system  100  may provide an increase in performance. Operating system and/or application programs may have access to the combined space of the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn cache-repository sections C 1 -Cn. In one example, the cache sections C 1 -Cn may be implemented in addition to the local cache circuit  104 . However, in certain design implementations, the cache sections C 1 -Cn may be implemented in place of the local cache circuit  104 . 
         [0021]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , a flow diagram of a method (or process)  200  is shown. The process  200  may comprise a state (or step)  202 , a decision state (or step)  204 , a decision state (or step)  206 , a state (or step)  208 , a state (or step)  210 , a state  212  (or step), a state (or step)  214 , and a state (or step)  216 . 
         [0022]    The state  202  may create one of the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn. For example, the state  202  may initiate a create volume sequence to begin the creation of a particular volume (e.g., the volume LUN 0 ). The decision state  204  may determine if enough free space is available in the circuit  108  to add one of the cache portions C 1 -Cn. For example, the decision state  204  may determine if there is enough space to add the cache portion C 1 . If not, the process  200  moves to the decision state  206 . The decision state  206  may determine if a user wants to create the volume without the cache portion C 1 . If so, then the process  200  may move to the state  210 . The state  210  creates the volume LUN 0  without the corresponding cache portion C 1 . If not, the process  200  moves to the state  208 . The state  208  stops the creation of the volume LUN 0 . If there is free space in the circuit  108 , then the process  200  moves to the state  212 . The state  212  creates the cache portion C 1  and the volume LUN 0 . The state  214  may link the volume LUN 0  to the corresponding cache portion Cn. The state  216  may allow access to the volume LUN 0  plus the space in the cache portion Cn by the operating system and/or application programs. 
         [0023]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , an alternate implementation of a system  100 ′ is shown. The system  100 ′ may implement a number of cache sections  108   a - 108   n . In one example, each of the cache sections  108   a - 108   n  may be implemented as a separate device. In another example, each of the cache sections  108   a - 108   n  may be implemented on a separate portions of the same device. If the cache portions  108   a - 108   n  are implemented on separate devices, in-service repairs of the system  100 ′ may be implemented. For example, one of the cache section  108   a - 108   n  may be replaced, while the other cache sections  108   a - 108   n  may remain in service. In one example, the cache portion C 1  of the cache portion  108   a  and the cache portion C 1  of the cache portion  108   n  are shown linked to the volume LUN 0 . By linking more than one of the cache portions C 1 -Cn of each of two or more of the cache portions  108   a - 108   n  to a corresponding volume LUN 0 -LUNn, a cache redundancy may be implemented. While the cache portion C 1  are shown linked to the volume LUN 0 , the particular cache portions C 1 -Cn linked to each of the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn may be varied to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. 
         [0024]    Referring to  FIG. 4 , an alternate implementation of a system  100 ″ is shown. The system  100 ″ may implement a circuit  108 ′ as a cache pool. The circuit  108 ′ may implement a number of cache section C 1 -Cn that is greater than the number of volumes LUN 0 -LUNn. More than one of the cache portions C 1 -Cn may be linked to each of the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn. For example, the volume LUN 1  is show linked to the cache portion C 2  and the cache portion C 4 . The volume LUNn is shown linked to the cache portion C 5 , the cache portion C 7  and the cache portion C 9 . The particular cache portions C 1 -Cn linked to each of the volumes LUN 0 -LUN 1  may be varied to meet the design criteria of a particular implementation. The cache portions C 1 -Cn may be implemented having the same size or different sizes. If the cache portions C 1 -Cn are implemented having the same size, then assigning more than one of the cache portions C 1 -Cn to a single one of the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn may allow additional caching on the volumes LUN 0 -LUN 1  that experience a higher load. The cache portions C 1 -Cn may be dynamically allocated to the volumes LUN 0 -LUN 1  in response to the volume of I/O requests received. For example, the configurations of the cache portions C 1 -Cn may be reconfigured one or more times after an initial configuration. 
         [0025]    In general, the system  100 ′ of  FIG. 3  implements a number of cache sections  108   a - 108   n . The system  100 ″ of  FIG. 4  implements a larger cache section  108 ′ when compared to the cache section  108  of  FIG. 1 . Combinations of the system  100 ′ and 100″ may be implemented. For example, each of the cache circuits  108   a - 108   n  of  FIG. 3  may be implemented with the larger cache circuit  108 ′ of  FIG. 4 . By implementing a number of the circuits  108 ′, the system  100 ″ may implement redundancy. Other combinations of the system  100 , the system  100 ′ and the system  100 ″ may be implemented. 
         [0026]    The file-caching circuit  108  of the system  100  is normally made available in the same subsystem as the storage array  106 . The file-caching may be dedicated to particular volumes LUN 0 -LUNn. In one example, the file-caching circuit  108  may be distributed across a group of solid state devices. Such solid state devices may be scaled. 
         [0027]    The system  100  may provide an unlimited and/or expandable capacity of the circuit  108  that may be dedicated to caching particular volumes LUN 0 -LUNn. By implementing the cache circuit  108  as a solid state device, the overall access time of particular cache reads may be reduced. The reduced access time may occur while the overall access-density increases. The cache circuit  108  may increase the overall performance of the volumes LUN 0 -LUNn. 
         [0028]    The cache group  108  may be implemented using a solid state memory device that only adds slightly to the overall cost to manufacture the system  100 . In certain implementations, the cache group  108  may be mirrored to provide redundancy in case of a data failure. The system may be useful in an enterprise level Storage Area Network (SAN) environment where multiple operating systems and/or multiple users using different applications may need access to the array  106 . For example, messaging, web and/or database server applications may implement the system  100 . 
         [0029]    The function performed by the flow diagram of  FIG. 2  may be implemented using a conventional general purpose digital computer programmed according to the teachings of the present specification, as will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s). Appropriate software coding can readily be prepared by skilled programmers based on the teachings of the present disclosure, as will also be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art(s). 
         [0030]    The present invention may also be implemented by the preparation of ASICs, FPGAs, or by interconnecting an appropriate network of conventional component circuits, as is described herein, modifications of which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art(s). 
         [0031]    The present invention thus may also include a computer product which may be a storage medium including instructions which can be used to program a computer to perform a process in accordance with the present invention. The storage medium can include, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disk, optical disk, CD-ROM, magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, Flash memory, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions. 
         [0032]    As used herein, the term “simultaneous” is meant to describe events that share some common time period but the term is not meant to be limited to events that begin at the same point in time, end at the same point in time, or have the same duration. 
         [0033]    While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.