Abstract:
A semiconductor memory device includes a data access path for accessing a memory cell, a signal drive circuit which drives a signal on said data access path, a dummy path that emulates said data access path, and a dummy drive circuit which emulates said signal drive circuit, wherein said dummy path has a smaller load than said data access path, and said dummy drive circuit has a smaller drive capacity than said signal drive circuit.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention generally relates to semiconductor memory devices, and particularly relates to a semiconductor memory device equipped with a timing control circuit that simulates signal delay.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    In order to increase the operation speed of semiconductor memory devices, diligent timing control becomes necessary regarding the operations of semiconductor memory devices. When an attempt is made to manufacture increasingly fine structures in order to increase the circuit density of semiconductor memory devices, an increase in product variation may ensue. If such product variation exists, it is not easy to attend to diligent timing control.  
           [0005]    In conventional technologies, timing control signals that define the operation timing of internal circuitry are generated from external signals by use of delay circuits or the like. The timing of timing control signals generated in this manner may deviate if parasitic load capacitance or resistance associated with wires exhibits variation due to the product variation. Timing settings must thus be made with a sufficient margin by taking into account such deviations, which is a factor that hinders effort toward the attainment of high-speed semiconductor memory devices.  
           [0006]    In order to obviate this problem, some types of semiconductor memory devices simulate signal delay inside the semiconductor memory devices, thereby generate accurate timing control signals. Such timing control circuit is called a self-timing circuit. For example, the path that incurs the longest timing delay at the time of memory access is taken into consideration, and a circuit is provided to simulate the signal delay along this path, thereby generating timing control signals for defining the operation timing of internal circuitry. In this method, the timing control signal has timing that emulates actual memory access, so that timing deviation caused by the product variation can be suppressed to some extent.  
           [0007]    The path that incurs the longest timing delay used for generating the timing control signal is a path that is farthest away from the input/output circuit, and that accesses the memory cell that is farthest away from the word decoder.  
           [0008]    [0008]FIG. 1 is an illustrative drawing for explaining timing compensation when the path farthest away from an input/output circuit and a word decoder is used.  
           [0009]    The semiconductor memory device of FIG. 1 includes a control circuit  11 , a decoder circuit  12 , a memory cell array  13 , a read-write amplifier  14 , a dummy word decoder  15 , a dummy word line  16 , a dummy memory cell  17 , and a dummy bit line  18 . At the time of an actual data read operation, the decoder circuit  12  selectively activates a word line of the memory cell array  13  in response to a clock signal CK and an address signal ADDRESS supplied to the control circuit  11  from an exterior of the device, thereby supplying a read signal to a memory cell  19 . A signal path along which the read signal propagates is shown as signal paths P 1 , P 2  and P 3 . The memory cell  19  that is accessed in the memory cell array  13  is shown as a cell that is farthest away from the control circuit  11 . Data read from the memory cell  19  is supplied to the read-write amplifier  14  through a path p 4  that corresponds to bit lines of the memory cell array  13 . The data retrieval paths P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4  together form the path that incurs the longest delay for a data read operation, and is thus a critical path that is most critical in terms of timing.  
           [0010]    In the meantime, the dummy word decoder  15  activates the dummy word line  16  based on the clock signal CK and the address signal ADDRESS supplied to the control circuit  11  from the exterior of the device, thereby supplying a read signal to the dummy memory cell  17 . A path along which this read signal propagates is shown as paths P 1 , P 6 , and P 7 . A dummy-memory-cell signal read from the dummy memory cell  17  is supplied through the dummy bit line  18  to the control circuit  11 . Based on this dummy-memory-cell signal, the control circuit  11  supplies a sense amplifier activation signal to the read-write amplifier  14  so as to amplify the real data that is read. The path along which the dummy-memory-cell signal and the sense amplifier activation signal propagate is shown as paths P 8 , P 9 , and P 5 .  
           [0011]    In this manner, the real data that is read through the data retrieval paths P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4  is amplified by the read-write amplifier  14  and then output to the exterior of the device through a path P 10 . The path along which the dummy-memory-cell signal is retrieved has a timing delay longer than that of the critical path that has the longest timing delay in the memory cell array  13 . This insures that the reading of data along the critical path is properly performed. In this manner, the self-timing circuit generates a timing control signal (i.e., the sense amplifier activation signal) that simulates real memory access, thereby canceling a timing deviation caused by product variation.  
           [0012]    In the configuration described above, the dummy memory cell  17  is provided farther away than the memory cell  19  that is farthest away from the control circuit  11 . Accordingly, the load of driving the dummy word decoder  15 , the dummy word line  16 , the dummy bit line  18 , etc., is greater than the maximum load that can be incurred when reading data from the memory cell array  13 . This gives rise to a problem in that power consumption by the self-timing circuit increases. The power consumption by the self-timing circuit is not an ignorable size in memory devices for which a reduction of power consumption is a primary consideration.  
           [0013]    Accordingly, there is a need for a semiconductor memory device that is provided with a self-timing circuit for simulating signal delay so as to insure stability against product variation where the self-timing circuit incurs relatively small power consumption.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0014]    It is a general object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor memory device that substantially obviates one or more of the problems caused by the limitations and disadvantages of the related art.  
           [0015]    Features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings, or may be learned by practice of the invention according to the teachings provided in the description. Objects as well as other features and advantages of the present invention will be realized and attained by a semiconductor memory device particularly pointed out in the specification in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention.  
           [0016]    To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, a semiconductor memory device according to the present invention includes a data access path for accessing a memory cell, a signal drive circuit which drives a signal on said data access path, a dummy path that emulates said data access path, and a dummy drive circuit which emulates said signal drive circuit, wherein said dummy path has a smaller load than said data access path, and said dummy drive circuit has a smaller drive capacity than said signal drive circuit.  
           [0017]    The semiconductor memory device as described above drives the dummy path having a smaller lard than the actual data access path by use of the dummy drive circuit having a smaller drive capacity than the actual signal drive circuit. This makes it possible to achieve a circuit configuration that consumes a less electric power than the related-art self-timing circuit, yet achieves timing control that cancels timing deviations caused by product variation.  
           [0018]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, a dummy word decoder, a dummy word line circuit, a dummy memory cell, and a dummy bit line circuit are situated at a corner of the memory cell array closest to the decoder circuit and the input/output circuit. Further, the dummy word line circuit includes a dummy word line that extends in the same direction as word lines of the memory cell array, and is folded to make a U-turn. The dummy bit line circuit includes dummy bit lines that extend in the same direction as the bit lines of the memory cell array, and are folded to make a U-turn.  
           [0019]    In the semiconductor memory device as described above, the dummy path for emulating the data access path can be implemented as a relatively short path.  
           [0020]    Further, according to one aspect of the present invention, a semiconductor memory device includes a self-timing circuit which emulates data access to a memory cell so as to generate a timing control signal, the self-timing circuit using a dummy path having a relatively small load compared with a circuit that is emulated, and driving the dummy path by a drive capacity that is proportionately small.  
           [0021]    The semiconductor memory device as described above employs the dummy path having a relatively small load compared with a circuit that is emulated, and drives the dummy path by a drive capacity that is proportionately small, thereby making it possible to achieve a circuit configuration that consumes a less electric power than the related-art self-timing circuit, yet achieving timing control that cancels timing deviations caused by product variation.  
           [0022]    Other objects and further features of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0023]    [0023]FIG. 1 is an illustrative drawing for explaining a related-art timing compensation when a path farthest away from an input/output circuit and a word decoder is used;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a semiconductor memory device provided with a self-timing circuit according to the present invention;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of signal propagation paths of a dummy word decoder, a dummy word line circuit, a dummy memory cell, and a dummy bit line circuit;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram for explaining the setting of a dummy load and a buffer drive capacity in a decoder circuit and the dummy word decoder;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram for explaining the setting of a dummy load and a buffer drive capacity with respect to word lines of a memory cell array and a dummy word line of the dummy word line circuit; and  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram for explaining the setting of a dummy load and a buffer drive capacity with respect to bit lines of the memory cell array and dummy bit lines of the dummy bit line circuit. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0029]    In the following, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a semiconductor memory device provided with a self-timing circuit according to the present invention.  
         [0031]    The semiconductor memory device of FIG. 2 includes the control circuit  11 , the decoder circuit  12 , the memory cell array  13 , the read-write amplifier  14 , a dummy word decoder  25 , a dummy word line circuit  26 , a dummy memory cell  27 , and a dummy bit line circuit  28 .  
         [0032]    The dummy word decoder  25 , the dummy word line circuit  26 , the dummy memory cell  27 , and the dummy bit line circuit  28  together constitute a self-timing circuit of the present invention. The dummy word decoder  25  of this self-timing circuit is situated at a position closer to the control circuit  11  than the decoder circuit  12 . The dummy word line circuit  26 , the dummy memory cell  27 , and the dummy bit line circuit  28  are positioned closer to the control circuit  11  than the memory cell array  13 .  
         [0033]    At the time of an actual data read operation, the decoder circuit  12  selectively activates a word line of the memory cell array  13  in response to a clock signal CK and an address signal ADDRESS supplied to the control circuit  11  from an exterior of the device, thereby supplying a read signal to the memory cell  19 . A signal path along which the read signal propagates is shown as signal paths P 1 , P 2  and P 3 . The memory cell  19  that is accessed in the memory cell array  13  is shown as a cell that is farthest away from the control circuit  11 . Data read from the memory cell  19  is supplied to the read-write amplifier  14  through a path p 4  that corresponds to bit lines of the memory cell array  13 . The data retrieval paths P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4  together form the path that incurs the longest delay for a data read operation, and is thus a critical path that is most critical in terms of timing.  
         [0034]    In the meantime, based on the clock signal CK and the address signal ADDRESS supplied from the exterior of the device, the control circuit  11  controls the dummy word decoder  25  situated closer to the control circuit  11  than the decoder circuit  12 . The dummy word decoder  25  activates a dummy word line of the dummy word line circuit  26  that extends in the same direction as word lines of the memory cell array  13  and is folded to make a U-turn, thereby supplying a read signal to the dummy memory cell  27 . A path along which this read signal propagates is shown as paths P 1 , P 6 , and P 7 .  
         [0035]    A dummy-memory-cell signal read from the dummy memory cell  27  is supplied to the control circuit  11  through dummy bit lines of the dummy bit line circuit  28  that extends in the same direction as the bit lines of the memory cell array  13  and is folded to make a U-turn. Based on this dummy-memory-cell signal, the control circuit  11  supplies a sense amplifier activation signal to the read-write amplifier  14  so as to amplify the real data that is read. The path along which the dummy-memory-cell signal and the sense amplifier activation signal propagate is shown as paths P 8 , P 9 , and P 5 .  
         [0036]    In this manner, the real data that is read through the data retrieval paths P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4  is amplified by the read-write amplifier  14  and then output to the exterior of the device through a path p 10 .  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of signal propagation paths of the dummy word decoder  25 , the dummy word line circuit  26 , the dummy memory cell  27 , and the dummy bit line circuit  28 .  
         [0038]    As shown in FIG. 3, the control circuit  11  is provided with a buffer  30 , which supplies a signal to drive a dummy decode line  31  of the dummy word decoder  25 . The dummy decode line  31  is folded to make a U-turn, and is connected to a buffer  32  at the end of the return path. In this manner, the signal from the buffer  30  is supplied to the buffer  32 . In response to the supplied signal, the buffer  32  drives a dummy word line  33  of the dummy word line circuit  26 . The dummy word line  33  makes a U-turn as shown in FIG. 3, and is connected to the dummy memory cell  27  at the end of the return path. Activation of the dummy word line  33  results in a cell signal being read from the dummy memory cell  27 , and this cell signal is supplied to a buffer  35  through a dummy bit line  34  of the dummy bit line circuit  28 . The dummy bit line  34  is folded to make a U-turn as shown in FIG. 3.  
         [0039]    As described above, the configuration of the present invention uses a circuit arrangement as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, and folds the dummy decode line  31 , the dummy word line  33 , and the dummy bit line  34  to make a U-turn, thereby making it possible to provide the self-timing circuit at a corner of the memory cell array  13  in the proximity of the control circuit  11 .  
         [0040]    In the present invention, further, the load of each dummy circuit and the drive capacity of buffers that drive the respective dummy circuits are properly adjusted in the dummy word decoder  25 , the dummy word line circuit  26 , and the dummy bit line circuit  28 , thereby achieving proper time delays. This aspect will be described in the following.  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram for explaining the setting of a dummy load and a buffer drive capacity in the decoder circuit  12  and the dummy word decoder  25 .  
         [0042]    As shown in FIG. 4, the decoder circuit  12  for actual data reading and data writing includes NAND circuits  41  through  44  and inverters  45  through  48 , for example. Four decoded signal lines S 1  through S 4  are connected to the NAND circuits  41  through  44 , respectively. One of these signal lines is set to HIGH to select one of the word lines WL 1  through WL 4  that extend inside the memory cell array  13 . A buffer  30 A of the control circuit  11  drives a decode line  49  to drive the NAND circuits so as to activate the selected word line at proper timing.  
         [0043]    The dummy word decoder  25  includes a NAND circuit  51  and an inverter  32  (which is the same as the buffer  32  of FIG. 3). The NAND circuit  51  has the same circuitry structure as the NAND circuits  41  through  44 , and the inverter  32  has the same circuitry structure as the inverters  45  through  48 . At the same timing as the activation of the decode line  49  by the buffer  30 A of the control circuit  11 , the buffer  30  of the control circuit  11  activates the dummy decode line  31 . The NAND circuit  51  is thus driven at proper timing, thereby activating the dummy word line  33  at proper timing.  
         [0044]    The drive capacity of the buffer  30  is set equal to a quarter of the drive capacity of the buffer  30 A, for example. The wire load of the dummy decode line  31  is set to a quarter of the wire load of the decode line  49 . Further, the dummy decode line  31  is connected to the load that is equal in amount to one word, and the decode line  49  is connected to the load that is equal in amount to four words. As a result, a delay from a node X to a node Y through the buffer  30 A and the decode line  49  will be equal to the delay from the node X to a node YY through the buffer  30  and the dummy decode line  31 . Here, the node Y corresponds to the critical path that has the longest delay among all the data read paths.  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram for explaining the setting of a dummy load and a buffer drive capacity with respect to word lines of the memory cell array  13  and the dummy word line  33  of the dummy word line circuit  26 .  
         [0046]    As shown in FIG. 5, the memory cell array  13  includes a word line WL 1  and a plurality of memory cells  61 - 1  through  61 -n. The memory cells  61 - 1  through  61 -n are connected to the word line WL. Selective activation of the word line WL 1  allows access to be made to the memory cells  61 - 1  through  61 -n through bit lines. The total number n of the memory cells  61 - 1  through  61 -n may be equal to 256, for example. The word line WL corresponds to the critical path, and is driven by the inverter  45  of the decoder circuit  12  (see FIG. 4).  
         [0047]    The dummy word line circuit  26  includes the dummy word line  33  and a plurality of dummy memory cells  62 - 1  through  62 -m- 1 . The dummy word line  33  is connected to the dummy memory cells  62 - 1  through  62 -m- 1 , and is further connected to the dummy memory cell  27 . The dummy word line  33  thus has a total of m dummy memory cells connected thereto. The number m of the dummy memory cells may be 16, for example. The dummy word line  33  is driven by the inverter  32  of the dummy word decoder  25 .  
         [0048]    The drive capacity of the inverter  32  is set to one sixteenth of the drive capacity of the inverter  45 , for example, and the wire load of the dummy word line  33  is set to one sixteenth of the wire load of the word line WL 1 . Further, the dummy word line  33  has the 16 dummy memory cells connected thereto as loads, and the word line WL 1  has the 256 memory cells connected thereto. As a result, the dummy load of the dummy word line circuit  26  is one sixteenth of the load of the word line WL 1 . With this provision, a delay from the node Y to a node Z through the inverter  45  and the word line WL 1  becomes the same as the delay from the node YY to a node ZZ through the inverter  32  and the dummy word line  33 . Here, the node Z corresponds to the critical path that has the longest delay among all the data read paths.  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram for explaining the setting of a dummy load and a buffer drive capacity with respect to bit lines of the memory cell array  13  and the dummy bit line  34  of the dummy bit line circuit  28 .  
         [0050]    As shown in FIG. 6, the memory cell array  13  includes bit lines BL and /BL and a plurality of memory cells  71 - 1  through  71 -k. The memory cell  71 - 1  is the same as the memory cell  61 -n that belongs to the critical path among the memory cells selected by the word line WL 1  in FIG. 5. The memory cells  71 - 1  through  71 -k are connected to the bit lines BL and /BL, and data of the selected memory cell  71 - 1  is transferred to the read-write amplifier  14  through the bit lines BL and /BL. Here, the number k of the memory cells  71 - 1  through  71 -k may be 256, for example.  
         [0051]    The dummy bit line circuit  28  includes a pair of dummy bit lines  34  and a plurality of dummy memory cells  72 - 1  through  72 - 1 - 1 . The dummy bit lines  34  is connected to the dummy memory cells  72 - 1  through  72 - 1 - 1 , and is further connected to the dummy memory cell  27 . Accordingly, the dummy bit lines  34  has the total number 1 of dummy memory cells connected thereto. The number 1 of the dummy memory cell is 16, for example. The dummy bit lines  34  carry the dummy data (dummy-memory-cell signals) of the dummy memory cell  27 , and supplies it to the buffer  35  shown in FIG. 3. The buffer  35  may be an inverter, and serves as a dummy sense amplifier to amplify the received signal, followed by supplying the amplified signal to the control circuit  11 .  
         [0052]    The wire load of the dummy bit lines  34  is set to one sixteenth of the wire load of the bit lines BL and /BL. The dummy bit lines  34  has the 16 dummy memory cells connected thereto as loads, and the bit lines BL and /BL has the 256 dummy memory cells attached thereto. Assuming that the memory cell  71 - 1  and the dummy memory cell  27  have the same circuitry structure, the data read from the dummy memory cell  27  has an amplitude on the dummy bit lines  34  that is one sixteenth of the amplitude of the data read from the memory cell  71 - 1  appearing on the bit lines BL and /BL.  
         [0053]    The signals on the dummy bit lines  34  are amplified by the buffer  35  serving as a dummy sense amplifier, and are supplied to the control circuit  11 . In response, the control circuit  11  generates a sense amplifier activation signal to activate the sense amplifiers of the read-write amplifier  14 . The sense amplifier activation signal serves as a timing control signal that defines timing by simulating actual memory access, thereby making it possible to cancel timing deviation caused by product variation in a reliable manner.  
         [0054]    In the present invention as described above, the self-timing circuit is provided at the corner of the memory cell array that is closest to the word decoder and the read-write amplifier, and has a reduced size with decreased dummy loads. Further, the capacity of buffers that drive the dummy circuits is reduced in proportion to the reduction of the dummy loads. This makes it possible to achieve a circuit configuration that consumes a less electric power than the related-art self-timing circuit, yet achieves timing control that cancels timing deviations caused by the product variation.  
         [0055]    It should be noted that the delays of buffers with no load thereon needs to be taken into consideration like the buffers  30  and  30 A shown in FIG. 4, for example. Delays without loads typically depend on the gate length regardless of the gate width if transistors of the same technology are used. Use of transistors having the same gate length, therefore, insures that the delays of buffers with no load thereon are set identical to each other.  
         [0056]    Further, wire resistance also needs to be taken into consideration in addition to wire capacitance. In the case of word lines, the basic unit of a capacitance load is the wire capacitance of one memory cell plus the gate capacitance, so that a ratio of the wire capacitance load to the entire capacitance load is constant regardless of the number of memory cells. In the same manner, the effect of wire resistance on the entire delay is constant irrespective of the number of memory cells. Because of this reason, it suffices to take into account only the capacitance load.  
         [0057]    Further, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, but various variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.  
         [0058]    The present application is based on Japanese priority application No. 2001-182067 filed on Jun. 15, 2001, with the Japanese Patent Office, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.