Abstract:
This invention is a packaged propellant air-induced variable thrust rocket engine that has a vast number of uses and applications for this invention. The primary purpose of the device described here is to provide a light weight, torque and vibration free thrust generator for the propulsion of aircraft. This device will facilitate the fabrication of very light weight aircraft because of the lack these forces. This device can also be used anywhere high velocity air flow and or the resulting thrust is needed. The invention uses aerodynamic principles to compress and accelerate the incoming air, prior to it being heated and accelerated by a short duration burst of thermal and kinetic energy from discrete packets of a mixture of oxidizable fuels. The heated and accelerated air then expands as it travels thru the device providing thrust.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION DATA 
       [0001]    This application is related to Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/338,816 filed on Feb. 24, 2010, and priority is claimed for this earlier filing under 35 U.S.C. §119(e). The Provisional Patent Application is also incorporated by reference into this patent application. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to air-induced variable thrust rocket engines. 
       BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Although the Wright Brothers are credited with the first powered flight, even ancient man&#39;s dreams and ambitions have shown a fascination with the thought of leaving the ground and defying gravity. Logic would dictate the idea of flight was there in ancient times, I would think from observation of birds. What was missing for ancient man was a source of propulsion and materials strong and light enough. The idea of air passing over a flat surface, edge on, would also have been obvious from the observation of birds, leaves, and the wind raising heavy flat objects off the ground. 
         [0004]    From the time of Leonardo da Vinci, man&#39;s paradigm of a flying machine involved powered rotation of masses, such as a shaft with fan blades on the end for the purpose of moving and compressing air. Rotating masses create torques and stress loading that requires airframes to be robust and consequently heavier than one would like. 
         [0005]    The common methods of aircraft and missile propulsion today are propellers, gas turbine (jet engines) rockets, ram and scram jets. Propeller driven aircraft use volatile liquid aviation fuel to power a reciprocating or gas turbine engine, which in turn drives a propeller, or rotors in the case of a helicopter. The propeller or rotor pulls sufficient air through its diameter to push the aircraft through the air at sufficient speed for the wings to provide lift or in the case of a helicopter, rotors to provide downward thrust for vertical lift. These conventional types of propulsion are heavy, noisy, complex, expensive, and subject to mechanical failure because of so many moving parts. Vibration and torque are also of major consideration in the design of aircraft because of the requirements for stronger and consequently heavier airframes to handle the stresses produced by these torque and vibration forces. Even the engines themselves require high precision parts and because of torque&#39;s and loads, strong and heavy metals are required in the structure. 
         [0006]    In the case of the reciprocating engine, air and liquid fuel are inducted into a closed cylinder through a set of mechanical valves, in appropriate ratios. This mixture is compressed by a piston connected to a crankshaft. As the piston reaches the top of its stroke, a spark is generated, in the combustion chamber, above the piston, igniting the compressed fuel air mixture, forcing the piston down and turning a crank shaft. The crankshaft in this type of engine is connected to a gearbox through which the torque is taken from it, geared up or down and delivered to the propeller or rotor system. Gearboxes, shafts and other stressed members have to be made of hardened steel because of the torque loads placed on them, this adds to the weight problem. These type engines are plagued with drawbacks, from weight, vibration, icing problems, dust choking, thermal inefficiency, and cost of maintenance, which over the life of the aircraft is three to one, maintenance to flight hours. 
         [0007]    Existing jet engines use their liquid fuel to heat and expand air through a heavy and costly precision turbine wheel. This turbine wheel rotates at 30,000 RPM and drives a shaft that is coincident with the longitudinal axis and extends to the intake of the engine. Very precise, expensive, and fragile multistage compressor blades are attached to this shaft and angled to provide air for the turbine wheel. These engines burn fuel continuously at an enormous rate, much of this fuel is wasted in heat and having to run continuously, because once started the ring of fire must be maintained to light off the incoming jet fuel. The whine of the turbine and the massive flow of partially burned JP5 makes a very loud noise and leaves a huge heat signature. Jet and turbine engines are also subject to flameout during power changes, so power changes have to be slow, another disadvantage of engines with rotating masses. 
         [0008]    Jet and turbine engines, by their very nature, are very vulnerable to foreign object damage (FOD) because of, tight tolerances, fragile turbine blades, and the speed at which they rotate. Even very small objects can be a very serious problem if ingested into a jet engine, dust, volcano ash, birds and any kind of debris can be ingested during landing and takeoff off aircraft. This is especially true in combat zones or hastily prepared airfields, small objects ingested can cause serious damage, failure, or even explosion. The weight and forces caused by the rotating masses in jet and turbine engines requires the aircraft to be sturdy and consequently heavy and rigid. The cost of manufacture and maintenance is another drawback to jet engines. The frontal area on these type engines causes profile drag on the aircraft and produces a large radar cross section. 
       Solid Fuel Rockets 
       [0009]    Conventional rockets are essentially a tube with a precise and concentric restriction known a De Laval nozzle or Venturi. This tube or rocket motor is filled with a volatile energetic fuel that burns on the edge of detonation. Rockets must carry the total mass of fuel and oxidizer on board. Once fired there is no shutoff. The fuel is often toxic and dangerous to handle and to manufacture. These engines are also very complex and expensive to build. They also require exotic materials and tight tolerances in their construction. 
         [0010]    Leaks in rockets have serious consequences as seen with the Challenger explosion. Solid fuel rockets are essentially a large stick of explosive that burns at a controlled rate just below detonation. Any changes in the mixture such as air entering could cause detonation of the rocket motor. Detonation occurs when the burn velocity exceeds the sonic velocity of that material. Carrying an oxidizer for a solid fuel rocket on board when one is traveling through an oxygen rich atmosphere can be very dangerous. These types of rockets are very noisy and must have an area clear of personnel when launched. 
       Liquid Fuel Rockets 
       [0011]    Robert H Goddard is credited with the first launch of a liquid fueled rocket in 1926. Pedro Paulet, a Peruvian, also claimed he had conducted experiments on liquid rockets in the 19 th  century, while a student in Paris. Liquid fueled rockets carry the fuel and oxidizer in separate tanks and require pumps and delivery lines to combine the fuel and oxidizer in a combustion chamber. Liquid rockets are desirable because of their energy density to containment mass required such as tanks, pumps and injectors. 
         [0012]    In the case of liquid rockets the fuel and oxidizer are delivered through tubing lines from containment tanks by conventional or turbo pumps to a combustion chamber. Some of these pumps mix the fuel and oxidizer by spinning it into a vortex and causing mixing by centrifugal forces. Other methods of mixing are converging nozzles that collide the ingredients in a tight stream causing them to atomize, making for a more easily ignited mixture and a more complete burn. 
         [0013]    There are many drawbacks to liquid rockets, tanks, pumps, injectors, and delivery lines are subject to cryogenic temperatures which can contribute to collapse of the tanks due to vacuum created inside the tank when empty. This along with the potential for instability of the projectile due to motion of the liquid in the tanks and icing adding weight makes liquid rockets far from an ideal propulsion system. Pumps and injectors exposed to −253 deg C., the storage temperatures of oxygen and hydrogen, commonly used combinations of fuel and oxidizer, have to be heated by hot gas circulation systems, stealing power from the thrust and adding weight and complexity. 
         [0014]    The ignition methods for liquid rockets are not completely safe. Hard starts are common and cause explosions which can propel debris many meters at high velocity creating deadly hazards to personnel and property. This condition is precipitated when the ignition system fails to ignite the fuel mixture at the correct time and intensity. The fuel mixture builds up in the combustion chamber, when the igniter finally lights there is an explosion. Depending on how rich the fuel mixture and the blast pressure rating of the housing, this explosion can throw fragments many meters at high velocity. Such explosions can rupture the tanks and lead to the potential of a fuel air explosion. 
         [0015]    The most used method of ignition involves flame, such as from a sparkplug, hot bridge wires, and many other similar means are also used. These engines can be throttled unlike solid fuel rockets. Although mono propellants are mostly used because of complexity and the hazardous nature of the ingredients. The volatility of some possible mixes make the necessity of a reliable ignition source paramount, many other mixes of propellants are possible with a reliable and sustainable ignition source. 
         [0016]    Scram and ram jets are another type of propulsion system with their own set of problems. These types of engines cannot operate at zero airspeed and need to be taken aloft or have another power source and propelled to about 350 mph before there is enough air flow to prevent back pressure when the fuel is applied. Ram jets slow the air and compress it to subsonic velocity before combustion, whereas Scram jets operate at supersonic air flow throughout their operational range. There are many high tech problems with this type of engine such as the burn time of the fuel, if too slow it gets swept away before full combustion. Another severe problem that there does not seem to be a solution for at present, are supersonic shock waves which interrupt the smooth flow of air, disturb the fuel distribution and create temperatures beyond control. Because of this temperature problem supersonic powered flight time must be limited. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0017]    This invention is a packaged propellant air induced variable thrust rocket engine that has a vast number of uses and applications for this invention. The primary purpose of the device described here is to provide a light weight, torque and vibration free thrust generator for the propulsion of aircraft. This device will facilitate the fabrication of very light weight aircraft because of the lack these forces. This device can also be used anywhere high velocity air flow and or the resulting thrust is needed. 
         [0018]    The invention uses aerodynamic principles to compress and accelerate the incoming air, prior to it being heated and accelerated by a short duration burst of thermal and kinetic energy from discrete packets of a mixture of oxidizable fuels. The heated and accelerated air then expands as it travels thru the device providing thrust. The ability to initiate an intermittent burst of energy is at the core of this invention. This is made possible by using nano-sized aluminum particles as either the sole fuel source or ignition source for other fuels in a small clear enclosure. The ability of nanometer-sized particles to be ignited by high intensity light thru clear plastic is a critical advantage. This effect is caused by the particles size being smaller than the wavelengths of light. 
         [0019]    Light energy is absorbed but can not be radiated back out of the particle, causing very rapid heating of the particle beyond its melting point. When the particle melts, its oxidized outer surface cracks open and exposes unoxidized aluminum. Aluminum&#39;s strong affinity for oxygen whether in compounds such as water or in air causes immediate oxidation and heat generation. While aluminum offers the highest energy levels, other nanometer sized metals offer similar characteristics. 
         [0020]    While the nanometer sized aluminum particles offer excellent heat release, their ability to initiate other fuels and or larger aluminum particles offers a lower cost source of heat for many applications. In these cases, its ability to be initiated remotely by a suitable level of light energy still provides its unique advantages. This invention initiates these packets so that the energy is directed solely in the desired direction of thrust in a pulsed fashion which allows maximum heat transfer to the incoming air without the need of a backflow preventing mechanical compressor. 
         [0021]    The fuel package is ignited in a position and manner that allows airflow to be attained without the aid of fans, propellers, compressors or forward airspeed. This invention makes use of packaged fuel pellets to power an air-breathing engine. These energetic packets are encased in water and contained in a translucent outer casing. The contents of the packets include nanometer sized aluminum particles, a source of oxygen and optionally other oxidizable materials. The fuel packages are ignited by photonic energy from a high intensity triggered light source such as a strobe or laser, or by other means, acting on these aluminum particles, in the combustion chamber. 
         [0022]    This combustion produces significant heat and hot steam discharge from the combustion chamber which increases the velocity of the air through a critically angled Venturi combustion flow area. Because the fuel is dispensed in packets and can be ignited on command, the engine will be capable of instant on off operation, pulsed in other words. Intermittent firing allows a more complete use of the heat energy of the fuel and a much cooler exhaust than a continuous combustion process. Also different fuel mixes can be used for cruise, than for max power, increasing efficiency. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0023]      FIG. 1  shown an air-induced rocket engine  100  using the teachings of the present invention. Air enters through front airflow inlet  106  and is divided by a central air divider  115  which supported in the airflow housing  105  by support struts  135 . Located inside the central air divider  115  is an Energetic Fuel Packet (EFP)  117  storage compartment  130 . This storage compartment can be replaced or supplemented by a separate storage area located outside the housing  105  with a connecting delivery tube not shown. 
         [0024]    When thrust is needed, a backflow prevention valve  140  opens and an EFP  117  is injected through the air/fuel delivery manifold  109  into the combustion chamber  120 . Photonic energy from a strobe light  116  or other means ignites the nano-aluminum particles contained in the water and the EFP  117 , while in the combustion chamber  120 . Very high temperature is created by the nano-energetic particles that convert the surrounding water to superheated steam, and also igniting other combustibles in the EFP  117 . 
         [0025]    A percentage of hydrogen peroxide can be included in the EFP  117  to provide more oxygen for oxidation. The water also prevents the temperature from rising to a level that would require refractory materials in the combustion chamber  120 . Having a short duration burn with a controlled temperature rise transfers more of the thermal energy into the accelerating the air flow, instead of waste heating the walls of combustion chamber  120 . This produced high temperature steam expands directionally from the combustion chamber  120  at high velocity into the Venturi combustion flow area  110 . 
         [0026]    This causes the air in the Venturi combustion flow area  110  of the airflow housing  105 , to increase in temperature, drop in density and flow aft through the Venturi combustion flow area  110 . The aft flow is caused by the velocity of the steam and heated air mix. After the pressure impulse has dissipated, air flush valve  142  allows air to flow thru air inlet passage  145  from the higher pressure region on the divider  115  into the air/fuel delivery manifold  106  and the attached combustion chamber  120  transferring residual heat to the Venturi combustion flow area  110  and providing fresh air for the next EFP  117  ignition. 
         [0027]    The higher density and pressure of the colder incoming air fills the low pressure volume created by the high velocity movement of the mixture through the Venturi combustion flow area  110 . Since the expanding steam has a slightly lower density than the air, as it expands into the Venturi combustion flow area  110  it gives up heat to the air in the path thusly increasing the enthalpy of air. In this process the relative humidity of the air rises as heating occurs creating a higher enthalpy and less dense air steam mixture which must expand as its density drops creating more velocity. This method of heat transfer is more effective than the heating and drying of air in a traditional turbine. 
         [0028]    The humidified air steam mixture has a lower exit temperature while it expands and moves aft out rear exhaust  108 , it is then replaced by colder more dense incoming air entering the annulus flow area  107 . After all available heat is transferred another EFP  117  moves from the storage area  130  into the combustion chamber  120  and the cycle continues. The rapidity with which the EFPs  117  are dispensed and ignited determines the air velocity, mass flow rate and thrust of the device. 
         [0029]    The directionality and design of the combustion chamber  120  and its location relative to the Venturi combustion flow area  110 , prevents the high pressure thermal steam front from creating backpressure in the annulus flow area  107 , even at zero velocity of the incoming air. The rapidly moving air steam mixture causes a pressure drop across the annulus flow area  107 , due to its velocity and low density. This drop in pressure causes air to flow in the air housing  105 , from front inlet  106  to rear exhaust  108  through the Venturi combustion flow area  110 . 
         [0030]    The velocity of the air is a function of the temperature and speed off the expanding thermal front from the input of energy of the EFP  117  in the combustion chamber  120 . These velocities could be 2 k/s or greater providing sufficient thrust for vertical or horizontal flight. The humidified and heated air travels thru Venturi combustion flow area  110  and expands rearward thru the rear expanding nozzle  108  before exhausting the thruster. 
         [0031]    In certain applications this device  100  or multiples of device  100  could be surrounded by an outer air housing through which air is drawn in, heated by the external heat of the thrusters and exhausted at higher velocity, giving extra thrust. This flow of cooler air can provide cooling to the thruster and reduces or eliminates the heat signature. It is a design intention to avoid high combustion and gas temperatures inside the engine to allow lightweight materials to be used. This is facilitated by using direct fuel to water contact which produces steam as well as other exhaust components to transfer the fuel energy to the air flowing thru the thruster. 
         [0032]    The EFPs  117 , can have various amounts of energetic nano-aluminum and other fuels, to further allow the device to provide variable thrust on demand. This type of engine would be most desirable in a combat situation because its lack of continuous heat signature and sound, which can be dampened or eliminated. At cruise power levels, the intermittent operation allows the exhaust to be close to atmospheric conditions. This thruster has no rotating masses as a consequence it can sustain many penetrations from small arms or bomb fragments and still operate. 
         [0033]    In a vertical takeoff situation, where very high thrust power is needed, the temperature control offered by the water allows the needed levels of fuel to be added with sufficient water and flashed to steam providing more thrust which draws additional air through the Air Housing  105 , providing extra lift. There are no moving parts in air stream of this thruster just the mechanisms delivering the EFPs  117 . Using nanometer-sized aluminum to initiate combustion of other fuels offers many advantages over other means of using liquid fuels. 
         [0034]    These packets can be ignited with high intensity light or other non contact means. Nano-aluminum has 46% more energy than liquid fuels such as gasoline and is only one third the volume by weight. Dispensing fuel in packaged form allows for pulsed operation in this device. In a combat zone this would allow an aircraft to quietly swoop on an enemy unheard in a glide mode and have the ability to add power only when needed. Additionally by design the sonic energy assists the acceleration of the exhaust air and is focused behind the aircraft along the axis of travel, so little sound is projected ahead of the aircraft. 
         [0035]    Produced sound is intermittent as well and at a low frequency compared to modern aircraft engines with noise signature audible for tens of miles. All of the materials in the fuel packets contain energy which will be consumed in the combustion process and that energy extracted leaving no visible or thermal signature. Nano Al packages can be used as an ignition source in combination with conventional fuels to power this or other devices. The timing between initiations needs to be long enough for all of the heat of the prior combustion to be used and the airflow into Venturi combustion flow area  110  have time to establish a stable air pressure. 
         [0036]    In this way, all of the energy is used to propel the air backward and not on pulling in air to annulus flow area  107  as would happen in a continuous burn condition where the inlet pressure at Venturi combustion flow area  110  drops. Ideally the thruster is sized to be able to operate most efficiently except at max power intervals such as takeoff or maneuver. During these high power periods this design is capable of very high thrust outputs due to the design of combustion chamber  120 . An optional air compressor  148  can be added to boost air flow in air tube  145  in applications where the interval between firings is insufficient to allow unassisted replenishment of air in combustion chamber  120 . 
         [0037]    This device can also be used wherever high speed air flow is needed. This is not limited to but could include blowing out fires, clearing runways, excavating earth, drying up mud or water, finding buried objects, crowd control, takeoff booster engines and others. This device could be used on a remote operated vehicle for blowing away loose dirt and uncovering land mines and other objects. This device could be used outside the atmosphere if it were fitted with shutters on the intake and steam used as the mass exchange fluid. Very little water would be required in the vacuum of space, even the waste water from the occupants of the spacecraft could be used. This particular spike design has more rapid acceleration of air than the free flow design shown in  FIG. 2  but has a lower max thrust. 
         [0038]      FIG. 2  is a high air flow modified rocket with Venturi combustion flow area device  200 , which offers easy flow during non heating periods for more efficient heat transfer as the air enters at entrance  201  of main flow air housing  205  and travels without constriction through the device past a cluster of combustion chambers  240  arrayed around the combustor mounting ring  208 . These combustion chambers  240  are supplied with Energetic Fuel Packets (EFP)  230  that are stored in dispenser  235  and travel through a delivery air/fuel delivery manifold  220  which is equipped with a back flow prevention valve  215  to prevent hot gases and bright light from traveling back up the delivery air/fuel delivery manifold  220  to dispenser  235 . 
         [0039]    During periods of non-combustion, an air flush valve  218  is open to allow air flow into the combustion chamber  240  to remove heat and provide air for the next combustion. Depending on the power requirements this air may be from air flow in the outer casing or provided by a pressurized air source. The combustor assembly is equipped to swivel on slide  225  to alter the angle  270  of the combustion chamber axis  275  relative to the housing axis  280 . At initial startup and during low speed operation the combustion chambers  240  are at a minimum angle for initial startup while the air coming thru inlet  201  has little or no velocity. During periods of no combustion, air flowing through the main flow air housing  205  at Venturi combustion flow area section  210  is mostly undisturbed and maintains laminar flow depicted by the unbent stream lines  250  until exiting the tube at  215 . 
         [0040]    In  FIG. 2A , the combustion chambers  240  are shown firing at a minimum angle φ  270  for startup or low speed operation. During startup the air inside Venturi combustion flow area section  210  is not moving, the angle φ  270  of combustion chamber  240  ensures that there is not unproductive backflow. When combustion of an energetic fuel packet  230  has initiated, combustion chamber  240  creates a pressurized flow out of the exhaust port  245  along the trajectory shown by arrow  255 . 
         [0041]    This burning heated exhaust deflects and heats the air inside the Venturi combustion flow area section  210 , simulating a narrower orifice, shown by the slightly bent streamlines  260 . The fuel burning in the combustion chamber  240  also produces superheated steam to propel the heated and possibly still burning mixture along the desired trajectory in Venturi combustion flow area section  210 . The pressure and flow created by the superheated steam eliminates the need for high pressure injection pumps and supporting power units. 
         [0042]    Thrust from this device is obtained by introducing the thermal energy of the energetic fuel packet  230  as a pressurized thermal wave. These thermal waves, emanating from individual combustion chambers  240 , arranged around the perimeter of a air housing  205 , converge at the center of Venturi combustion flow area section  210  of the main flow air housing  205  creating a virtual Venturi system. As these flow streams  260  converge, a Mach Stem is formed accelerating the converged front up to 6 times its input velocity, depending on the convergence angle. 
         [0043]    In  FIG. 2B , the combustion chambers  240  of the modified rocket engine is shown having at a greater angle φ 2    285  than angle  270  in  FIG. 2A  to the air housing axis  280 . This greater angle φ 2    285  is needed during high velocity air flow to create the virtual Venturi combustion flow area reduction. As shown in  FIG. 2A  combustion of a energetic fuel packet  230  that has initiated in combustion chamber  240  creating pressurized flow out of the exhaust port  245  along the trajectory shown by arrow  255 . 
         [0044]    This burning heated exhaust deflects and heats the air inside the Venturi combustion flow area section  210 , simulating a narrower orifice, shown by the bent streamlines  265 . Since the fuel is initially burned in the combustion chamber  240  prior to being introduced into the air stream in Venturi combustion flow area  210 . The greater the angle  285  the faster the Mach Stem, this offers an advantage at higher airspeeds by allowing the thermal wave to be introduced at a less oblique angle to the axis of flow depicted by arrow  255 . This would facilitate a more concentrated impulse and a more rapid acceleration of the air mass. 
         [0045]    The rapidly increased flow is achieved because the convergence angle of the thermal front is more acute, thusly causing the cone shaped air mass formed by the front, to achieve a higher velocity. There are a range of advantageous angles  285  possible that are dependent on air flow velocity, a greater combustion chamber  240  angle  285  is possible with higher air velocity moving through Venturi combustion flow area  210 . 
         [0046]    By introducing the energy from the energetic fuel packet  230  in this manner a greater amount of heat energy or enthalpy is added to the incoming air. The circumferentially converging thermal front provides a much greater area of contact with the air than fuel ignited in the moving air stream and is far more efficient. Since the incoming air is directed inward and away from the wall of the air housing  205  there is less thermal stress on the air housing  205 . 
         [0047]    These waves could move at 2 k/s or greater depending on the fuel or combinations of fuels used. The direction of this thermal wave is controlled by increasing or decreasing angle  285 . The combustion chambers  240  axis  275  could be adjustable to take advantage of the Mach Stem increase in velocity at higher airspeeds while serving as a means of eliminating the possibility of backpressure at low or zero air inlet velocity. This ability and the fact that the fuel in this application is initially burned in the combustion chamber  240  and not in the airflow area  210  is what allows time for the fuel to complete a stoichiometric burn before being carried away by the air housing  205  air stream. Fuel processed this way insures that all energy will be extracted from the fuel packet for the purpose of moving air rather than wasted in the exhaust heat. 
         [0048]    Mixtures of fuels can be used in this device such as Methane, Propane, Kerosene or JP5 and many others. The ability to initiate a burn front in Nano sized aluminum (nano-Al) agglomerations by photonic means makes this possible. Since the nano-Al fuel packets are delivered incrementally this air moving device has instant on and off operation capability. Another great advantage of this invention is its lack of moving, parts, as a result of this there are no torque or vibration stresses produced during operation. This facilitates lighter airframes and consequently all parts of the aircraft can be of a much lighter construction. 
         [0049]      FIG. 3  is a cognitional cutaway prospective view of an exemplary energetic fuel packet. The clear outer casing  310  holds the mixture  305  of nano-Al particles  320  in a water or water hydrogen peroxide slurry mixture  305 . Suspended in the mixture  305  can be additional fuels such as larger aluminum particles  315 , and other fuels. A thin filmed sealed aluminum capsule  330  can be used that may have nano-Al initiators  335  along its length, to ignite it and the hydrocarbon and oxygen mixture  340  that is contained inside. One end of the aluminum capsule  330  can have a combustible plug  325  that has a dual purpose to seal the opening and facilitate the filling of capsule  330  with mixture  340 . The combustible plug  325  can be designed to burn more quickly than the initiators  335  or instead of them in applications where it is desired to have capsule  330  move out of the initial combustion area before it is completely oxidized. 
         [0050]      FIG. 3A  shows a radical cutaway prospective view of the energetic fuel packet. These waves could move at 2 k/s or greater depending on the fuel or combinations of fuels used. The direction of this thermal wave is controlled by increasing or decreasing angle  285 . The combustion chambers  240  axis  275  could be adjustable to take advantage of the Mach Stem increase in velocity at higher airspeeds while serving as a means of eliminating the possibility of backpressure at low or zero air inlet velocity. This ability and the fact that the fuel in this application is initially burned in the combustion chamber  240  and not in the airflow area  210  is what allows time for the fuel to complete a stoichiometric burn before being carried away by the air housing  205  air stream. 
         [0051]    Fuel processed this way insures that all energy will be extracted from the fuel packet for the purpose of moving air rather than wasted in the exhaust heat. Mixtures of fuels can be used in this device such as Methane, Propane, Kerosene or JP5 and many others. The ability to initiate a burn front in nano-sized aluminum (nano-Al) agglomerations by photonic means makes this possible. Since the nano-Al fuel packets are delivered incrementally this air moving device has instant on and off operation capability. Another great advantage of this invention is its lack of moving, parts, as a result of this there are no torque or vibration stresses produced during operation. This facilitates lighter airframes and consequently all parts of the aircraft can be of a much lighter construction. 
         [0052]    Many different capsule  330  configurations can be used with different mixtures  340  and designs to meet usage goals. Capsules such as  330  offer a longer burn time in larger engines such as might be used in a lighter than air vessel, which operates at a low airspeed, or during high power operations. The use of different composition packets  300  to meet the needed power level allows very rapid thrust changes. It will be understood that this example energetic packet does not restrict the variations that are needed to fully implement the advantages of this fuel delivery system component of the invention. 
         [0053]    Furthermore in some below freezing applications the use of frozen water and nano-Al as an outer casing may offer advantages in high altitude aircraft where packets may be fabricated as used with differing compositions. Likewise an outer casing  310  may have a similar design to capsule  330  with an oxidizable metallic shell. 
         [0054]    Another advantage of these thrusters is they can be part of the structure of the aircraft providing further weight and cost savings, since they are inexpensive to build and can be recycled or discarded when no longer serviceable. The weight of this device is approximately 10% of a conventional gas turbine engine of the same diameter. That same reduction in weight could be expected throughout an air craft structure using this novel thrust producing concept because of the reduction of engine weight, and lower structure vibration and stress forces. 
         [0055]    While this thruster can be used to power conventional aircraft designs, it offers great opportunity for innovative new aircraft designs that operate much more efficiently. Likewise it offers new capability in many other applications needing air movement or thrust. In the case of lighter than air vehicles, this type of thrust producing device is ideal because it can be operated in a selectable pulse mode and thrust is not required to provide lift for the craft. This device being capable of pulsed operation in an air buoyant craft allows such a craft to loiter quietly over a location for a very long duration using only sufficient fuel to maintain its position. 
         [0056]    Besides its use for winged aircraft or rocket propulsion, the lack of weight and forces from torque and vibration make this an ideal propulsion system for lighter than air use. Lighter than air craft could be built around the cylindrical strength and rigidity of this engine and would have a very small frontal area. This would facilitate low drag and a negligible radar cross section, all of these attributes of this device make it a combat necessity. The structural integrity of a cylinder, which is the main structure of this device, makes this thruster an imminent candidate for a completely new family of large light weigh aero dynamic craft. 
         [0057]    While a cylindrical shape offers many advantages other configurations are possible, even using many small combustors along the leading edge of an airfoil to accelerate and expand the air traveling underneath it, creating buoyancy. While the invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to preferred embodiments, it will be readily understood that minor changes in the details of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Having described the invention, we claim: