Abstract:
A personal care implement is disclosed having a flexible, apertured plastic shell and a resilient polymeric mesh sponge material held inside and in pressing engagement within the shell. In use, a sufficient quantity of a suitable liquid cleansing composition is introduced inside the implement. The implement produces copious quantities of lather foam and cleansing with sensory properties of a conventional toilet bar but with none of its disadvantages.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The invention relates to a skin cleansing implement that is advantageously used with a liquid cleanser. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0004]    Personal cleansing products have traditionally been marketed in a variety of forms such as toilet bars, creams, lotions, and gels. These formulations have attempted to satisfy a number of criteria to be acceptable to consumers. These criteria include cleansing effectiveness, skin feel, skin mildness and lather volume. Ideal personal cleansers should gently cleanse the skin or hair, cause little or no irritation, and not leave the skin or hair overly dry after frequent use. Consumers who use toilet bars expect certain tactile attributes while cleansing and have heretofore been reluctant to use liquid body washes which typically provide an entirely different tactile feel. Applicants have surprisingly found that an implement could be constructed to mimic the tactile attributes of toilet bars while providing the unique benefits of body washes. 
         [0005]    Washing implements combining a plurality of materials are known. For example U.S. Pat. No. 5,915,434 to Juarez issued on Jun. 29, 1999 discloses a body washing and scrubbing device with a pliable cover and an inner core containing small bead-like or ovoid objects. ES 2150868 (A1) to Quiroga Perez published on Dec. 1, 2000 discloses a dispenser sponge for liquids, gels or soaps. The device provides grooves for holding e.g. liquids and a porous surface for dispensing and distributing the contents onto the skin. U.S. Pat. No. 7,318,682 to Anderson issued on Jan. 15, 2008 discloses an apparatus that combines a pouf attached to a squeezable container. When the squeezable container is squeezed, it delivers liquid to the pouf to apply the liquid to the skin of the user. However it was unexpectedly found that the inventive implement solves the problem of providing the combined unique attributes of toilet soap and liquid body wash in personal cleansing. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    In one aspect of the invention is a cleansing implement for depositing a liquid cleanser on the skin of a user, including but not limited to:
       a. an outer shell and a resilient core material held inside and in pressing engagement with the interior of the shell, wherein the shell is composed of a material that is flexible at use temperatures and the core material is composed of polymeric mesh sponge having a plurality of plies of an extruded tubular netting mesh;   b. wherein the shell has a arcuate first surface and an opposed substantially flat second surface, the first and second surfaces each defining a plurality of apertures;   c. wherein the plurality of apertures on the first surface occupy a surface area in the range of about 25 to 75% based on the extent of the total surface area of first surface and the plurality of apertures on the second surface occupies a surface area in the range of about 25 to 75% based on the extent of the total surface area of the second side; and   d. wherein not more than about 70% of the apertures each exceed 40 square mm in area.       
 
         [0011]    In another aspect of the invention is a process of making a cleansing implement including but not limited to the steps of:
       a. bonding a flexible foamed plastic sheet with woven fibrous mesh to form a flexible composite sheet;   b. cutting a plurality of apertures in the composite sheet;   c. inserting the composite sheet into a first mold cavity;   d. suspending an inner mold within the first mold cavity and inside of the composite sheet;   e. closing the mold;   f. injecting thermoplastic resin having a Shore A Durometer of at least 15 at a temperature above its melt temperature; and   g. molding the foamed plastic sheet and the thermoplastic resin together to form a flexible shell.       
 
         [0019]    In a further aspect of the invention is a method of cleansing the skin or hair including but not limited to the steps of:
       a. providing a cleansing implement as described above;   b. adding at least 3 grams of a liquid cleansing composition containing about 8 to 40% by wt. of total lathering surfactant(s) prior to cleansing the skin or hair;   c. adding water to the implement while manually compressing and releasing the implement to transfer a sufficient quantity of cleansing composition to the polymeric mesh sponges to generate lather; and   rubbing and squeezing the implement simultaneously on the skin.       
 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0024]      FIG. 1  is a front perspective view of a cleansing implement representing an embodiment of this invention. 
           [0025]      FIG. 2  is a top plan view of a cleansing implement representing an embodiment of this invention. 
           [0026]      FIG. 3  is a bottom plan view of a cleansing implement representing an embodiment of this invention. 
           [0027]      FIG. 4  is a front elevational view of a cleansing implement representing an embodiment of this invention. 
           [0028]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view taken along line  8 - 8  of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0029]      FIG. 6  is a right side elevational view of a cleansing implement representing an embodiment of this invention. 
           [0030]      FIG. 7  is a left side elevational view of a cleansing implement representing an embodiment of this invention. 
           [0031]      FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a polymeric mesh sponge representing a component of resilient core  50  as one embodiment of this invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0032]    Referring now to the drawings in which like figures represent like elements,  FIGS. 1 to 8  depict one embodiment of the inventive cleansing implement. In  FIGS. 1 to 8 , cleansing implement  10  is made up of a flexible outer shell  12  that contains resilient core  50 . Flexible outer shell  12  includes an apertured arcuate first surface  14  having a plurality of apertures  30 , a apertured substantially flat second surface  16  having a plurality of apertures  32 , axial sides  18 , sealable end surface  20  and continuous end surface  22 . Axial sides  18  contain gripping elements  24  integrally molded on each axial surface  18 . End sides  20  and  22  define apertures  38 . 
         [0033]    Apertured first surface  14  is formed of a foamed, pliable, resin surrounding apertures  30  and apertured second surface  16  is formed a smooth, non-foamed, pliable, thermoplastic resin surrounding apertures  32 . 
         [0034]    In  FIG. 3 , apertured second surface  16  defines center well  34  which defines apertures  36 . Apetures  36  are preferably larger in area than either apertures  30  or  32 . Apertured second surface  16  preferably contains flexible plastic bristles  40  that are preferably molded integrally with surface  16  and surround apertures  32 . In  FIG. 4 , sealing elements  60  are depicted in a sealed configuration. Preferably sealing elements  60  are ultrasonically heat sealed after inserting resilient core  50  into and filling the interior of implement  10 . In  FIG. 5 , after inserting and sealing, resilient core  50  is shown in pressing engagement within flexible outer shell  12 . Resilient core  50  provides resistance when implement  10  is squeezed. Preferably resilient core  50  is composed of two or more polymeric mesh sponges, one of which is depicted in  FIG. 8 , held within flexible outer shell  12 . 
         [0035]    In use the consumer will dispense liquid body wash into implement  10  by pouring the liquid body wash into well  34  and through apertures  36  whereupon the resilient core  50  will absorb the body wash up to its capacity. Next the consumer will expose the implement  10  to water while squeezing in order to generate lather. Next the consumer will rub the implement via second surface  16  on their skin in the same manner as they would a toilet bar followed by rinsing. In a preferred embodiment, bristles  40  will massage the skin and enhance lather production. 
         [0036]    In one aspect of the invention is a cleansing implement for depositing a liquid cleanser on the skin of a user, comprising:
       a. an outer shell and a resilient core material held inside and in pressing engagement with the interior of the shell, wherein the shell is composed of a material that is flexible at use temperatures and the core material is composed of polymeric mesh sponge having a plurality of plies of an extruded tubular netting mesh;   b. wherein the shell has a arcuate first surface and an opposed substantially flat second surface, the first and second surfaces each defining a plurality of apertures;   c. wherein the plurality of apertures on the first surface occupy a surface area in the range of about 25 to 75% based on the extent of the total surface area of first surface and the plurality of apertures on the second surface occupies a surface area in the range of about 25 to 75% based on the extent of the total surface area of the second side; and   d. wherein not more than about 70% of the apertures each exceed 40 square mm in area.       
 
         [0041]    Advantageously the number of apertures on the first surface each having an area in the range of about 25 to 50 square mm are in the range of about 25 to 100 in number and the number of apertures on the second surface each having an area of about 25 to 50 square mm are in the range of about 25 to 100 in number. 
         [0042]    Preferably the length of the implement along its major axis is less than 15 cm. Preferably the length of the implement along its major axis is less than 14, 13 or 12 cm and greater than 7, 8, 9, or 10 cm. More preferably a plurality of soft plastic bristles orthogonal and attached to the second surface are each about 0.6 mm thick and about 2 mm long substantially surrounding each aperture and the surface of the second surface surrounding the apertures is substantially smooth. Most preferably the second surface has one or more centrally disposed apertures each having a surface area that is larger than the other apertures defined by the second surface. Preferably the second surface is composed of a non-foamed material and first surface is composed of a foamed plastic and a woven mat composite. 
         [0043]    In another aspect of the invention is a process of making a cleansing implement including but not limited to the steps of:
       a. bonding a flexible foamed plastic sheet with woven fibrous mesh to form a flexible composite sheet;   b. cutting a plurality of apertures in the composite sheet;   c. inserting the composite sheet into a first mold cavity;   d. suspending an inner mold within the first mold cavity and inside of the composite sheet;   e. closing the mold;   f. injecting thermoplastic resin having a Shore A Durometer of at least 15 at a temperature above its melt temperature; and   g. molding the foamed plastic sheet and the thermoplastic resin together to form a flexible shell.       
 
         [0051]    Preferably the inventive process further includes the steps of:
       a. opening the injection molder;   b. extracting the implement;   c. removing the inner mould;   d. inserting one or more resilient polymeric mesh sponges to substantially fill and remain in pressing engagement with the inside of the shell; and   e. heat sealing the implement (preferably by ultrasonic welding) to capture the mesh sponges within the shell.       
 
         [0057]    Advantageously at least 10 grams of polymeric mesh sponge are inserted inside the shell. Preferably at least 12, 14, 16, and 18 grams are used. More preferably at least 2 or more separate sponges are employed to make up this total. 
         [0058]    In a further aspect of the invention is a method of cleansing the skin or hair including but not limited to the steps of:
       a. providing a cleansing implement as described above;   b. adding at least 3 grams of a liquid cleansing composition containing about 8 to 40% by wt. of total lathering surfactant(s) prior to cleansing the skin or hair;   c. adding water to the implement while manually compressing and releasing the implement to transfer a sufficient quantity of cleansing composition to the polymeric mesh sponges to generate lather; and   rubbing and squeezing the implement simultaneously on the skin.       
 
       Flexible Outer Shell 
       [0063]    Flexible outer shell  12  is composed of at least two zones of materials having different textures exposed to the touch. First surface  14  includes a foamed plastic with a rough surface finish, preferably a composite with a woven fibrous sheet. The remaining outer shell (second surface  16 ) is composed of a thermoplastic resin with a molded smooth surface finish. 
         [0064]    The flexible outer shell&#39;s second surface  16  may be any thermoplastic resin whose physical and processing properties lend themselves to manufacturing washing implements. Flexible outer shell first surface  14  may be any foamed plastic that provides a rough molded surface. Preferably it includes a woven fibrous mat. 
       Resilient Mesh 
       [0065]    The inventive cleansing implement contains a resilient core held inside the flexible outer shell. A preferred resilient core consists of one or more individual polymeric mesh sponge(s) each comprising a plurality of plies of an extruded tubular netting mesh prepared from nylon or a strong flexible polymer, such as addition polymers of olefin monomers and polyamides of polycarboxylic acids. 
         [0066]    Preferably the tubular netting has a maximum transverse expanded diameter of about 8 to 16 inches with the contracted minimum diameter on the order of about ½ inch. The tubular netting is preferably open at both ends so that it can be easily utilized in making the multi-ply netting for the preparation of the scrubbing section. The netting is prepared from fine filaments of polymeric material having a thickness preferably varying from about 10 to 18 mils. The netting is prepared from as many as 50 to 200 such filaments which appear to cross over each other at a 45.degree. angle and are bonded at junction points at intervals varying from about 3/16 to ½ inch, depending upon the type of netting or fabric desired. It is important that the bonding of the filaments at the indicated intervals be of such a nature as to securely attach the filaments together and provide a strong netting for the lather generation. The bonding is preferably accomplished by the extruding technique, heat sealing the filaments together or by use of appropriate adhesives. Additional examples of suitable resilient mesh material are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,462,135 issued on Jul. 31, 1984 and herein incorporated by reference. 
       Lathering Surfactant 
       [0067]    The inventive cleansing implement is advantageously used with lathering surfactants. By a “lathering surfactant” is meant a surfactant, which when combined with water and mechanically agitated generates a foam or lather. Preferably, these lathering surfactants should be mild, which means that they must provide sufficient cleansing or detersive benefits but not overly dry the skin or hair, and yet meet the lathering criteria described above. 
         [0068]    A wide variety of lathering surfactants is useful herein and include those selected from anionic, nonionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof. 
         [0069]    Among the anionic lathering surfactants useful herein are the following non-limiting examples which include the classes of:
       (1) Alkyl benzene sulfonates in which the alkyl group contains from 9 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 11 to 14 carbon atoms in straight chain or branched chain configuration. Especially preferred is a linear alkyl benzene sulfonate containing about 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.   (2) Alkyl sulfates obtained by sulfating an alcohol having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms. The alkyl sulfates have the formula ROSO 3− M +  where R is the C 8-22  alkyl group and M is a mono- and/or divalent cation.   (3) Paraffin sulfonates having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms, in the alkyl moiety. These surfactants are commercially available as Hostapur SAS from Hoechst Celanese.   (4) Olefin sulfonates having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms. Most preferred is sodium C 14 -C 16  olefin sulfonate, available as Bioterge AS 40®   (5) Alkyl ether sulfates derived from an alcohol having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms, ethoxylated with less than 30, preferably less than 12, moles of ethylene oxide. Most preferred is sodium lauryl ether sulfate formed from 1 or 2 moles average ethoxylation, commercially available as e.g. Standopol ES-2®.   (6) Alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms, in the alkyl moiety.   (7) Fatty acid ester sulfonates of the formula: R 1 CH(SO 3− M+)CO 2 R 2  where R 1  is straight or branched alkyl from about C 8 - to C 18 , preferably C 12  to C 16 , an R 2  is straight- or branched alkyl from about C 1  to C 6 , preferably primarily C 1 , and M+ represents a mono- or divalent cation.   (8) Secondary alcohol sulfates having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 16 carbon atoms.   (9) Fatty acyl isethionates having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms, with sodium cocoyl isethionate being preferred.   (10) Dialkyl sulfosuccinates wherein the alkyl groups range from 3 to 20 carbon atoms each.   (11) Alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the formula RCON(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 M wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and M is a water-soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium and trialkanolammonium. Most preferred is sodium lauroyl sarcosinate.   (12) Alkyl lactylates wherein the alkyl groups range from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, with sodium lauryl lactylate sold as Pationic 138 C® available from the Patterson Chemical Company as the most preferred.   (13) Taurates having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms, with cocoyl methyl taurate being preferred.   (14) Fatty acid soaps consisting of soluble soaps. Soluble soap is defined as a soap or soap blend having a Krafft point less than or equal to about 40 C. The soluble soap(s) can be selected from the chain length of C6-C14 saturated fatty acid soap(s) and C16-C18 unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid soap(s) or a combination of these fatty acid soaps. These soluble soaps can be derived from coco fatty acid, Babasu fatty acid, palm kernel fatty acid and any other source of unsaturated fatty acid including tallow and vegetable oils and their mixtures.       
 
         [0084]    Nonionic lathering surfactants suitable for the present invention include C 10 -C 20  fatty alcohol or acid hydrophobes condensed with from 2 to 100 moles of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide per mole of hydrophobe; C 2 -C 10  alkyl phenols condensed with from 2 to 20 moles of alkylene oxides; mono- and di-fatty acid esters of ethylene glycol such as ethylene glycol distearate; fatty acid monoglycerides; sorbitan mono- and di-C 8 -C 20  fatty acids; and polyoxyethylene sorbitan available as Polysorbate 80 and Tween 80® as well as combinations of any of the above surfactants. 
         [0085]    Other useful nonionic surfactants include alkyl polyglycosides, saccharide fatty amides (e.g. methyl gluconamides) as well as long chain tertiary amine oxides. Examples of the latter category are: dimethylododecylamine oxide, oleyldi(2-hydroxyethyl)amine oxide, dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyldecylamine oxide, dimethyltetradecylamine oxide, di(20-hydroxyethyl)tetradecylamine oxide, 3-didodecyoxy-2-hydroxypropyldi(3-hydroxypropyl)amine oxide, and dimethylhexadecylamine oxide. 
         [0086]    Suitable amphoteric or zwitterionic lathering surfactants for use in the present compositions include those broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, wherein which the aliphatic radicals can be straight chain or branched, and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms and another substituent contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, phosphonate, and the like. Classes of zwitterionics include alkylamino sulfonates, alkyl betaines and alkylamido betaines, such as stearamidopropyldimethylamine, diethylaminoethylstearamide, dimethylstearamine, dimethylsoyamine, soyamine, myristylamine, tridecylamine, ethylstearylamine, N-tallowpropane diamine, ethoxylated (5 moles ethylene oxide) stearylamine, dihydroxy ethyl stearylamine, arachidylbehenylamine, and the like. Some suitable betaine surfactants include but are not limited to alkyl betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl sulphobetaines, alkyl glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphopropionates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, acyl taurates, and acyl glutamates, wherein the alkyl and acyl groups have from 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of preferred amphoteric surfactants include cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium cocoamphoacetate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, and sodium cocoamphopropionate, which are particularly suitable as mild-type cleansers for skin and hair. 
       Manufacturing Methods 
       [0087]    In a preferred embodiment, the cleansing implement of the present invention is manufactured using the following method: 
         [0000]    1. Polyurethane foam sheets (obtained from Dingban, Jiangsu China; 20 gms/cubic meter density, 25 mm thickness) are bonded and compressed by vulcanization, at about 130 degrees C., for about 5 minutes, at pressure of 20 T (i.e. 200 KN) with woven polyester mesh into a flatter sheet of 2 mm thickness.
 
2. The foam sheets are then compressed again (at about 160 degrees C., pressure 20 T, for about 200 seconds into a curved shape.
 
3. Curved shapes are then die cut to the desired final shape, and the apertures are die cut out.
 
4. The logo is applied by heat transfer.
 
5. The foam piece is inserted into the right cavity of an injection molder (Haitian International Holdings Limited)
 
6. An inner mould is hung inside the cavity, in order to make the implement hollow.
 
7. The injection moulder is closed and TPR (thermoplastic resin, F125G (Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene Block Copolymer), Linhai Xinbo) having a Shore A Durometer of 20, is injected (at 190 degrees C.). This injection captures the edges of the foam so the foam and the TPR are permanently moulded together.
 
8. The injection moulder is opened, and the tools are pulled out. The inner mould is then pulled out of the TPR piece
 
9. At this stage, the implement has a top tab on both sides that is about ½″ long.
 
10. 2 pieces of 9 gram tied polymeric mesh sponge (from Ninghai Yuzhoul Craft Co, LDPE, 3.5″ width) are inserted inside.
 
11. The top tabs are ultrasonically welded shut using a heat sealing machine (Haitian International Holdings Limited), a temperature of about 200 degrees C. and 2.5 seconds sealing time.
 
12. The welded top tabs are die cut to a width of approximately 2-3 mm.
 
         [0088]    Other art recognized methods may be used to manufacture the inventive implement. 
         [0089]    Except in the operating and comparative examples, or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in this description indicating amounts of material ought to be understood as modified by the word “about”. 
         [0090]    The following non-limiting examples will more fully illustrate the embodiments of this invention. All parts, percentages and proportions referred to herein and in the appended claims are by weight except for surface area and unless otherwise illustrated. 
       Example 1 
       [0091]    The lathering performance of the inventive implement illustrated in  FIGS. 1-8  and manufactured as described above was compared with a comparative implement and a bar of soap using the experimental protocol and lather test method described below. The body wash used for the test was Axe Phoenix Shower Gel sold by Unilever, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. in the case of the implements. The lather volume results are listed in Tables 1 and 2. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Run 1 
                 Run 2 
                 Run 3 
                 Ave. Total 
               
               
                   
                 Implement 
                 (mL) 
                 (mL) 
                 (mL) 
                 (mL) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 Inventive (1) 
                 650 
                 650 
                 700 
                 667 
               
               
                 2 
                 Inventive (2) 
                 650 
                 750 
                 700 
                 700 
               
               
                 3 
                 Comparative (3) 
                 500 
                 550 
                 550 
                 533 
               
               
                 4 
                 Irish Spring Soap 
                 100 
                 50 
                 100 
                 83 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (1) Implement contained 2 × 5 g nylon mesh sponges inside flexible outer shell. 
               
               
                 (2) Implement contained 2 × 7 g nylon mesh sponges inside flexible outer shell. 
               
               
                 (3) Comparative - Axe Detailer © Shower tool (sold by Unilever (Englewood Cliffs, NJ) contained 40 g nylon mesh sponge. 
               
               
                 (4) Irish Spring Soap ( ©Colgate-Palmolive Company) was used alone. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Inventive implement 
                 Comparative implement 
                 Comparative implement 
               
               
                 (1) 
                 (2)(3) 
                 (2)(4) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Run 
                 mL 
                 Run 
                 mL 
                 Run 
                 mL 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 600 
                 1 
                 650 
                 1 
                 250 
               
               
                 2 
                 750 
                 2 
                 600 
                 2 
                 350 
               
               
                 3 
                 700 
                 3 
                 700 
                 3 
                 300 
               
               
                 4 
                 850 
                 4 
                 600 
                 4 
                 450 
               
               
                 5 
                 750 
               
               
                 Average 
                 730 
                 Average 
                 750 
                 Average 
                 400 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (1) Implement contained 2 × 5 g nylon mesh sponges (poufs) inside flexible outer shell. 
               
               
                 (2) Comparative - Axe Detailer Shower tool sold by Unilever (Englewood Cliffs, NJ). 
               
               
                 (3) With squeezing. 400 ml total water volume and 3 mls of Axe Phoenix © Shower Gel body wash. 
               
               
                 (4) Without squeezing. 400 ml total water volume and 3 mls of Axe Phoenix © Shower Gel body wash. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Methods: 
     A. Lather Foam Measurement: 
       [0000]    
       
         
           
             1. Thoroughly wet implement in lukewarm water (T=37 C). 
             2. Squeeze water out by hand. 
             3. Add 3 ml of cleansing composition directly onto the implement or bar of soap. 
             4. Allow 400 mL of water to flow through a funnel onto implement or soap bar while scrubbing in a linear motion along a rough surfaced, inclined plane (“wash station”) about once per second. 
             5. If using the inventive implement, squeeze once with each pass. (comparative implements may be squeezed for additional tests). 
             6. Place a 1000 ml capacity separation flask with a funnel inlet underneath the wash station to collect any lather that falls. 
             7. Allow substantially all lather to be collected (usually 1 minute). 
             8. Open valve at the bottom of the flask to allow any collected water to escape and then close valve. 
             9. Measure the volume of the lather in beaker.