Abstract:
The invention relates to an orthodontic bracket system, wherein an orthodontic wire is held in an open channel or slot which receives an orthodontic wire without means of any type of applied ligature or any type of moving cover. Disclosed is a static self-ligating orthodontic bracket system for coupling a pre-tensioned arch wire with a tooth, wherein the bracket comprises a bracket body configured to be mounted to a tooth, an arch wire slot configured for receiving a pre-tensioned arch wire therein, the arch wire slot configured with a at least one protruding stop or protuberance on an interior wall surface thereof, the stops spaced apart from one another, and a slot opening for receiving the arch wire into the arch wire slot, the opening having a width less than a diameter of the arch wire slot, wherein the arch wire is configured with a non-spherical cross-section.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application relates to and claims priority from U.S. Prov. Ser. No. 61/774,888 filed Mar. 8, 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to orthodontic brackets and, specifically an orthodontic bracket wherein an orthodontic wire is held in an open channel or slot which receives an orthodontic wire without means of any type of applied ligature or any type of moving cover. More particularly, the present invention provides a static self-ligating orthodontic bracket. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Orthodontic brackets are well known in prior art. Brackets are glued or cemented to the surface of teeth, or attached to metal bands cemented to a tooth and provide a means for a wire to be attached to a tooth. The wire applies force to the bracket which transmits it to the tooth to move the tooth in the desired manner. A bracket can also provide a slot for a wire to fit in and provide a guide to slide a tooth along a wire by means of force applied by various types of springs, elastics, or other devices to apply force to a bracket and subsequently transmitted to the tooth. 
         [0006]    Existing bracket designs require a movable component of the bracket or an externally applied device known as a ligature to prevent the wire from becoming dislodged from the slot during orthodontic treatment. Another design known as a Begg bracket, uses a metal pin fitted into a slot to hold the wire in place. There are many variations on these types all of which require ligatures, pins, or movable components to secure an orthodontic wire into the bracket slot. Brackets which do not require an externally applied component such as a ligature to hold an orthodontic wire in place in the slot, are generally known as self ligating brackets. 
         [0007]    Existing designs have a number of problems which hinder efficient orthodontic treatment. The movable component of self ligating brackets can become damaged through normal use in the oral environment, or through abuse by the patient. If the movable component is damaged the bracket may be rendered unusable and require replacement requiring additional clinical treatment time, discomfort to the patient, extension of treatment time, and additional expense. Ligatures require time to apply to each individual bracket, and in the case of esthetic brackets manufactured from transparent or tooth colored materials ligatures stained from various foods in the oral environment can be unsightly leading to patient dissatisfaction. 
         [0008]    Orthodontic brackets represent a principal component of all corrective orthodontic treatments devoted to improving a patient&#39;s occlusion. In conventional orthodontic treatments, an orthodontist or an assistant affixes brackets to the patient&#39;s teeth and engages an archwire into a slot of each bracket. The archwire applies corrective forces that cause the teeth to move into correct positions. Traditional ligatures, such as small elastomeric O-rings or fine metal wires, are employed to retain the archwire within each bracket slot. Due to difficulties encountered in applying an individual ligature to each bracket, self-ligating orthodontic brackets have been developed that eliminate the need for ligatures by relying on a movable portion or member, such as a latch or slide, for retaining the archwire within the bracket slot. 
         [0009]    While self-ligating brackets have been generally successful, manufacturers of such brackets continually strive to improve the aesthetics associated with self-ligating brackets, the use and functionality of self-ligating brackets, and the costs and manufacturability of self-ligating brackets. 
         [0010]    Orthodontic brackets attached to teeth engage an archwire that exerts forces upon them to move the teeth. Such brackets typically include an archwire slot for reception of the archwire. An archwire slot can have any desired cross-sectional configuration or size to match the size and shape requirements of the archwire, or archwires, that are to be engaged within the slot. 
         [0011]    Orthodontic brackets today are typically bonded to a tooth with the archwire slot oriented parallel to the occlusal plane. However, the slot can also be angularly oriented across the bracket when desired. 
         [0012]    Most brackets in use today include cleat extensions referred to as tie wings or lugs. they project upwardly and downwardly in pairs at the top and bottom of the installed bracket, respectively. These extensions conventionally permit the archwire to be held within the archwire slot of the bracket by means of a ligature, twisted wire (ligature) or an elastomer O-ring. 
         [0013]    Numerous attempts have been made to design brackets that are self-ligating. For example, one such design discloses a slidable closure that engages the front of the archwire. The closure is recessed from the front or anterior surfaces of the disclosed bracket. The fact that such recessed sliding closures require the archwire also to be recessed within the archwire slot before the closure can be moved over the archwire makes it very difficult for the user to visually confirm that the archwire is properly seated within the archwire slot to facilitate closing of the slidable cover. 
         [0014]    When using a conventional bracket and tying wires, proper seating of the archwire can be confirmed by visually noting that the anterior surface of the archwire is flush with the anterior surface of the bracket. It is desirable that a self-locking bracket provide similar visual reference capabilities to the user. This cannot be attained where no anterior surface of the bracket is available for visually referencing the position of an archwire within the archwire slot of the bracket. 
         [0015]    A self-ligating bracket designed to mount an archwire flush with an anterior surface of an orthodontic bracket to facilitate visual positioning of the archwire during orthodontic treatment is also known. Such bracket disclosures utilize a ligating slide or closure that is permanently retained on the bracket during use, whether the closure is left in an open or closed condition, which guards against accidental release of the closure while the bracket is worn on a tooth. 
         [0016]    Most importantly, the closure was designed to leave the usual tying extensions that protrude from the top and bottom of the bracket fully accessible to other orthodontic attachments for the application of torsional forces to the teeth. The exposed tying lugs remain always available for repositioning of the bracket and tooth by use of tying wires or other conventional attachment systems. One achievement of this bracket is the provision of a ligating slide within a bracket that maintains the normal features of protruding tie wings or lugs required by the profession. 
         [0017]    The previous bracket embodiments also include a closure in the form of a ligating slide that can complete a continuous tube surrounding the archwire when the closure is in a closed position. This can be effectively achieved in a Siamese or twin bracket configuration without covering or interfering with projecting extensions on the bracket. 
         [0018]    Another previous self-ligating orthodontic bracket discloses a locking slide member that is flat and guided by upright slots formed along both sides of the bracket and spanning the archwire slot. A resilient member or detent is provided to retain the slide member in either the open or closed position. No tie wings or lugs are included in the illustrated bracket forms. 
         [0019]    Miniaturization of orthodontic brackets is extremely important today in view of the development of modern high-technology archwires. Patients desire small brackets to reduce the visual impact of the brackets while they are being worn. Orthodontists desire smaller brackets in order to more effectively use the biasing forces available in the high technology archwires, it being recognized that the force applied to a bracket by the archwire is decreased with increasing bracket spacing between teeth. 
         [0020]    One drawback to miniaturization of the brackets shown in earlier patents is the fact that most of the embodiments wrap the cover over the sides of the bracket to engage grooves posterior to the archwire slot across the bracket. The width of the sliding cover therefore increases the total width of the bracket beyond that which is necessary due to the strength properties of the bracket itself. 
         [0021]    It is subject to tooth contact due to normal occlusion clearances in the mouth and subsequent failure or damage from the opposing dentition or food. 
         [0022]    While the some known methods show a flat cover sliding within the lateral confines of a bracket, the guiding arrangement for the cover includes slots at both the superior and inferior sides of the archwire slot, thereby obscuring visual access to the critical corners of the archwire slots at the side edges of the bracket. Without this visual access being clear, one installing an archwire within a bracket cannot be certain as to proper seating of an archwire within the archwire slot before the slide cover is moved to a closed position. A wire not properly seated in the slot can cause damage to the cover mechanism and require replacement of the bracket interfering with treatment. 
         [0023]    Referring to  FIG. 1A , shown is a prior art self-ligating orthodontic bracket with the cover shown in a closed position with an archwire held within the bracket. Also, shown in  FIG. 1B  is the prior art self-ligating orthodontic bracket of  FIG. 1A  with the cover shown in the open position. The general concepts of the invention can best be understood from a study of the first embodiment of the assembled orthodontic bracket. This form of the bracket includes a movable closure separately shown in  FIGS. 1A and 1B . The illustrated bracket, identified generally by the numeral  1 , includes a pad  10  having a posterior surface  11  adapted to be bonded directly to a tooth. Pad  10  can be constructed integrally with the bracket  1  or can be a separate component added to it during assembly. The bracket  1  as shown in the drawings is a “Siamese” or twin bracket, having a pair of transversely spaced tie wings  2  located across the pad  10 . Tie wings  2  project anteriorly from the bracket  1 . Each tie wing  12  includes two opposed extensions that project outwardly from bracket  1  between transversely spaced side surfaces. 
         [0024]    At a minimum, each tie wing  2  includes an outer side surface. In addition, the tie wing configurations shown in the drawings further include inwardly facing side surfaces. The bracket  1  also includes first anterior surfaces  3  across the front of each first tie wing extension. The exposed anterior surfaces  3  extend across the full width of the bracket  1  and tie wing extensions. 
         [0025]    Lower planar anterior surfaces lead to opposite sides of a transverse archwire slot generally designated by the numeral  20 . The archwire slot  20  spans the full width of the bracket  1 , where it opens across the bracket side surfaces. The space along archwire slot  20  between the tie wings  2  can be open, but is preferably enclosed by bracket walls joining the tie wings. This provides a supporting enclosure for an archwire  4  across the hill width of the bracket  1 . 
         [0026]    The archwire slot includes opposed and spaced side slot surfaces  5  and  6 , plus an interconnecting anterior base  7 . As can be seen in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , the intersections of the side slot surfaces  5 ,  6  and anterior base  7  with the outer side surfaces of bracket  1  may be rounded or radiused. This provides a smooth edge for engagement by an archwire located within the archwire slot  20  and eliminates high stress and pressure on the archwire surfaces in contact with the ends of the archwire slot. It further facilitates motion between the bracket and archwire as tooth movement occurs in the mouth of a patient. 
         [0027]    Side slot surface  5  forms a first transverse anterior corner with the archwire slot  20  where it intersects the anterior surface  3  of the first tie wing extensions. Side slot surface  6  similarly forms a second transverse anterior corner with the archwire slot  20  where it intersects the anterior surface of the second tie wing extensions. It is important to note that the second corner is continuous or coextensive across the full width of bracket  1  between the side surfaces. The anterior surface  3  across the first tie wing extension is free of any projections or closure guides. Thus, a clinician observing the installed bracket on a tooth has an unobstructed view of the open archwire slot  20  from its one side to guide him or her in proper bracket and archwire positioning procedures. 
         [0028]    The slot surfaces  5 ,  6  and  7  are sized and configured in a manner complementary to the size and shape requirements of an archwire (or archwires) adapted to be received within the archwire slot. While the illustrated slot is rectangular and is designed specifically for reception of complementary rectangular archwires, it is to be understood that the slot can be configured as a cylinder or other cross-sectional shape in the manner presently known with respect to orthodontic bracket design. In use, the slot is partially or completely filled by the cross-sectional configuration of one or more archwires  4  located within it. 
         [0029]    As shown, the tie wings  2  are integrally joined within the structure of bracket  1 . An intermediate wall section  8  extending across the tie wings  2  in the bracket  1  includes first and second wall sections transversely joining the twin upright tie wings at positions superior and inferior to the archwire slot  20 , respectively. Each of the first and second walls includes a surface spaced from one another and flush with the previously-described side surfaces  5 ,  6  along the archwire slot. The intermediate wall section  8  further includes a surface flush with the previously-described base slot surfaces  7  to provide a continuous archwire slot across the full width of the illustrated bracket  1 . 
         [0030]    The intermediate wall section  8  serves as a structural boundary surrounding three sides of the archwire slot  20  in the space located between the tie wings  2 . In combination with the closed ligating slide  9 , it forms a continuous tube across the width of the bracket for reception and capture of an archwire. 
         [0031]    A closure complementary to the archwire slot is also provided on the illustrated bracket  1 . It takes the form of a ligating slide  9  that is generally planar. The ligating slide movably engages the anterior surfaces of the second tie wing extensions. According to this disclosure, the ligating slide  9  is supported for motion relative to bracket  1  only along the second extensions of the tie wings  2 . The anterior portion of second extension of each tie wing  2  includes a guide  9  having an upright inwardly facing guide slot  12 . Each guide slot  12  is located anteriorly from the second anterior surfaces. 
         [0032]    When the ligating slide  9  is in its open position, the intersection formed between its posterior surface and its open edge is juxtaposed to the corner of side slot surface  6 . In this condition, the contiguous corners of the side slot surface  6  and slide  9  provide uninterrupted access to the interior of archwire slot  20 . As can be seen in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , the cantilevered support for the ligating slide  9  assures a user of an unobstructed oblique view of the archwire slot  20  when looking toward the mouth of one wearing the brackets. This is true whether the bracket is mounted on a lower tooth or an upper tooth. A clinician can therefore readily observe the position of an archwire  4  relative to the boundaries of the archwire slot  20  before closing the ligating slide  9 . To assure full width visual and physical access to the archwire slot  20 , the open edge of the ligating slide  9  is preferably flush with the inferior side slot surface  6  when the ligating slide  9  is in its retracted or open position. 
         [0033]    The anterior surface of ligating slide  9  has a pair of protruding stops at its sides and adjacent to its open edge. The stops are designed to abut the ends of the walls so as to limit the opening movement of the ligating slide  9  relative to the bracket  1 . Ligating slide  9  is essentially planar and rigid. However, it is desirable to reinforce its strength by the addition of one or more transverse enlarged ribs. 
         [0034]    Looking next at  FIGS. 2A-C , shown is another known self ligating orthodontic bracket.  FIG. 2A  shows a view from the mesial of a prior art bracket  34 , shown with a rectangular cross section arch wire  24  of maximum transverse cross section dimensions in the arch wire slot  26 . As shown, in order to protect the spring member labial arm portion  28  against excessive labial movement under the action of the arch wire, the prior art bracket  34  has been provided in the arch wire slot gingival surface with a slot  22  extending from the mesial surface to the distal surface and opening to both of those surfaces, into which slot the end of the spring member labial arm portion  28  can extend when in the slot closed position. The slot  22  must be of substantial labial lingual dimension to permit ready insertion of the spring member  30  end therein while the arch wire  24  is displaced out of the slot  26 , and to permit the spring member  30  to still engage the arch wire  24  when it is fully inserted in the slot  26 . As seen in  FIG. 2A , the most usual result is that the presence of the slot reduces the labial lingual dimension of the arch wire slot gingival face  32  to substantially less than the corresponding dimension of the arch wire gingival surface, particularly when the arch wire is of the largest transverse cross section dimensions that can be accommodated in the slot, with the attendant disadvantages discussed above. 
         [0035]      FIG. 2B  shows a perspective view from the mesial and labial of a prior art bracket, showing in broken lines the ligating latch spring member in slot closed position, while  FIG. 2C  shows a cross section in a gingival occlusal plane through the prior art bracket of  FIG. 2B , showing in solid lines an arch wire of rectangular transverse cross section in the arch wire slot and the corresponding position of the spring member labial portion, showing in broken lines an arch wire of circular transverse cross section in the arch wire slot and the corresponding position of the spring member labial portion, and illustrating the manner in which an opening tool is used in conjunction therewith. 
         [0036]    In the brackets  34  of the invention the gingival surface  32  is instead provided with a mesially distally extending retaining recess  36  of smaller mesial distal width than the gingival surface, so that it is closed at its mesial and distal ends and thereby provides labial lingual extending gingival rail surfaces  38  (colloquially referred to as torquing rails) at the closed mesial and distal ends, these rail surfaces being engagable by the arch wire  24  gingival surface over the full labial lingual extent thereof for maximum application of torque moment from the arch wire  24  to the bracket  34 . In the embodiments of  FIGS. 2A-C  the width dimension of the entire spring member  30  in the mesial distal direction is smaller than that of the slot gingival surface  32 , and in particular sufficiently smaller than the mesial distal width of the retaining recess  36  that the free end part of the labial portion can be inserted into the recess when the spring member  30  is in the slot closed position, thereby protecting it against excessive labial movement. The labial lingual dimension of the retainer recess  36  is such that the spring member  30  is able to engage the smallest cross-section arch wire  24  with which the bracket  34  is to be used, and is also able to accommodate the largest cross section wire that is to be used with a small amount of clearance between it and the wire when mesial distal movement along the arch wire is required. The maximum extent of the labial movement that is permitted by the recess  36  is well within the amount that would result in over-stressing and damage to the spring retainer member  30 , even when the member is of stainless steel and not of one of the shape memory metal alloys. 
         [0037]    Accordingly, there is a need for an improved orthodontic bracket wherein an orthodontic wire is held in an open channel or slot which receives an orthodontic wire without means of any type of applied ligature or any type of moving cover. More particularly, there is a need for an improved static self-ligating orthodontic bracket. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0038]    The present invention relates to orthodontic brackets and, specifically an orthodontic bracket wherein an orthodontic wire is held in an open channel or slot which receives an orthodontic wire without means of any type of applied ligature or any type of moving cover. More particularly, the present invention provides a static self-ligating orthodontic bracket. In accordance with one aspect of this invention, the orthodontic bracket of the present invention consists of a slot designed in such a manner that an orthodontic wire will be secured in place in the slot by means of a rotational movement about the long axis of the wire after insertion into the slot. 
         [0039]    The slot will generally have in interior width greater than the width at the entrance to the slot. Orthodontic brackets known generically as Edgewise brackets usually have one of two slot sizes (i.e., 0.018 inches (in)×0.025 in or 0.022 in×0.028 in) with parallel sides. 
         [0040]    Orthodontic wires are made with numerous cross sectional geometries. The wire used with this invention will be required to have a cross section that is not spherical. Most preferably the wire has a narrow aspect and a wide aspect in order that it may be twisted on its long axis in order to present its narrowest dimension while being inserted into the slot of the bracket. The wire used in accordance with this invention is formed in a shape so that after insertion into the bracket slot the portion of the wire facing the slot is wider than the slot that keeps the wire from becoming dislodged from the bracket slot. 
         [0041]    The slot geometry can be designed in such a manner that the wire will apply force to the bracket and cause tooth movement after the wire is placed in the bracket slot. The bracket slot can be any of the following shapes: round; oval; square; diamond; irregular; or any shape designed to provide a place for the wire to lodge and transmit force to the teeth and cause intended tooth movement. 
         [0042]    Wires to be used in accordance with the present invention may be manufactured using digital data indicating the bracket position on the teeth and the position of the teeth in the dental arches and the orientation of the dental arches to each other and to other bodily structures of the mouth region. This digital data may be captured by means of intra oral digital scanners used in the mouth, as well as scanning devices to scan plaster dental casts or dental impressions. Digital data may also be captured by means of digital radiography, cone beam or volumetric tomography being commonly used, or via use of a digital positioning wand and a three-dimensional recorder. The digital data may also be used to manufacture wires compatible with the present invention, which are generally manufactured with a computer controlled robotic machine. Generally, the wire in accordance with the invention may have any of the following cross-sectional configurations: oval; rectangular; irregular; or any complex shape with one aspect narrower then the slot entrance. 
         [0043]    It is a principal aspect of the present invention to provide a new self-ligating orthodontic bracket which requires no moving components or externally applied ligatures to hold the wire in place. 
         [0044]    It is another aspect of the present invention to provide a new family of self-ligating orthodontic brackets, such brackets depending on computer designed and robot manufactured wires. Common scanners for producing brackets in accordance with the invention may include the IOC scanner made by Cadent, Inc., a division of Align Technology, Inc., 2560 Orchard Parkway, San Jose, Calif. 95131 USA, the Trios scanner made by 3Shape A/S. Holmens Kanal 7, 1060 Copenhagen K, Denmark, and the D900 Lab Scanner made by 3Shape A/S. Holmens Kanal 7, 1060 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Other scanners capable of producing these brackets may also exist. Also, known arch wire manufacturers capable of making wires compatible with the static self-ligating orthodontic bracket according to the invention include Orametrix, Inc., 2350 Campbell Creek BLVD, STE 400, Richardson, Tex. 75082 USA, and Unitek, 3M Unitek, Orthodontic Products, 2724 South Peck Road, Monrovia, Calif. 91016 USA. Of course, other companies may also exist and are known to those of skill in the art. 
         [0045]    It is yet another aspect of the present invention to provide new self-ligating orthodontic bracket provided with any of a variety of arch wire slot geometrical configurations, such as oval, round, square, irregular, kidney-shaped, etc., to secure the arch wire therein. 
         [0046]    It is still another aspect of the present invention to provide new self-ligating orthodontic brackets for use with pre-tensioned arch wires, the brackets having slot for retaining the arch wires therein during use, the slots having pins, hooks or other restraining means to hold the arch wire in place by restraining rotation of the arch wire while positioned in the slot. 
         [0047]    Still another aspect of the present invention is to provide a one-piece self-ligating slotted orthodontic bracket which may have a low profile for comfort, and which is constructed to have tie hooks, or other auxiliary holes, slots, or other protuberances, etc. to allow the exertion of additional force on the arch wire through external means. 
         [0048]    In accordance with the invention there is provided a static self-ligating orthodontic bracket for coupling a pre-tensioned arch wire with a tooth, wherein the bracket comprises a bracket body configured to be mounted to a tooth, an arch wire slot configured for receiving a pre-tensioned arch wire therein, the arch wire slot configured with a plurality of protruding stops on an interior wall surface thereof, the stops spaced apart from one another, and a slot opening for receiving the arch wire into the arch wire slot, the opening having a width less than a diameter of the arch wire slot, wherein the arch wire is configured with a non-spherical cross-section. Preferably, the arch wire has a rectangular cross-sectional configuration, but its cross-section may also be of other configurations such as oval, oblong, egg-shaped, kidney-shaped, etc. Preferably, the arch wire slot has a round cross-sectional configuration but the arch wire slot may also have a cross-sectional configuration that is oval, rectangular, oblong, egg-shaped, irregular and kidney-shaped. The bracket body is preferably made from metal, ceramic or polymer, but may be made of other known, safe materials for use in orthodontics, or may be a composite of different suitable materials. Optionally, the bracket body may comprise a tie wing positioned on each of an upper end and a lower end thereof. The slot opening may be configured to open in a gingival, facial or labial orientation, or any desired orientation. 
         [0049]    Also in accordance with the invention there is provided a method comprising the steps of fastening a bracket body to a surface of a tooth, selecting an appropriate pre-tensioned arch wire for application to a bracket, applying force to straighten said pre-tensioned arch wire, orienting said straightened arch wire for insertion into an arch wire slot of said bracket body, inserting said straightened arch wire into said arch wire slot of said bracket body, and applying a rotational moment to said arch wire while said arch wire is within said slot to lock said arch wire in place within said arch wire slot of said bracket body. 
         [0050]    The wire also applies force in any desired direction or a moment (force) about any desired axis in order to produce a force in a desired vector to apply a desired force to a tooth or series of teeth. 
         [0051]    The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate the same elements. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0052]    A further understanding of the present invention can be obtained by reference to a preferred embodiment set forth in the illustrations of the accompanying drawings. Although the illustrated preferred embodiment is merely exemplary of methods, structures and compositions for carrying out the present invention, both the organization and method of the invention, in general, together with further objectives and advantages thereof, may be more easily understood by reference to the drawings and the following description. The drawings are not intended to limit the scope of this invention, which is set forth with particularity in the claims as appended or as subsequently amended, but merely to clarify and exemplify the invention. 
           [0053]    For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following drawings in which: 
           [0054]      FIG. 1A  depicts a prior art self-ligating orthodontic bracket with the cover shown in a closed position having an arch wire held within the bracket. 
           [0055]      FIG. 1B  shows the prior art self-ligating orthodontic bracket shown in  FIG. 1A  with the cover shown in an open position. 
           [0056]      FIG. 2A  depicts a mesial view of a prior art self-ligating orthodontic bracket shown with a rectangular cross-section arch wire of maximum transverse cross-section dimensions in the arch wire slot. 
           [0057]      FIG. 2B  depicts a perspective mesial and labial view of a prior art self-ligating orthodontic bracket showing in broken lines the ligating latch spring member in a closed slot position. 
           [0058]      FIG. 2C  shows a cross-sectional view in a gingival occlusal plane of the prior art bracket shown in  FIG. 2B , depicting in solid lines an arch wire of rectangular transverse cross-section in the arch wire slot and the corresponding position of the spring member labial portion, showing in broken lines an arch wire of circular transverse cross-section in the arch wire slot and the corresponding position of the spring member labial portion, and illustrating the manner in which an opening tool is used in conjunction therewith. 
           [0059]      FIGS. 3A-F  illustrate a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the static self-ligating orthodontic bracket in accordance with the present invention, and the insertion and restraint of a pre-tensioned arch wire therein, the arch wire having a generally rectangular cross-sectional configuration, and the arch wire slot of the bracket having a generally round shape or configuration. For the sake of clarity, the slot is shown here as round with four (4) stops, however, it should be noted that any shape slot may be used so long as its diameter is larger inside than at the entrance, and some geometric means of locking the arch wire in place is provided. More specifically,  FIG. 3A  shows the arch wire prior to placement in the arch wire slot of the bracket.  FIG. 3B  shows the arch wire twisted about its long axis prior to insertion in the slot of the bracket.  FIG. 3C  shows the insertion of the arch wire into the slot of the bracket.  FIG. 3D  shows the arch wire being locked in place by applying a counterclockwise moment to the arch wire or bracket.  FIG. 3E  shows the arch wire being locked in place by applying a clockwise moment to the arch wire or bracket.  FIG. 3F  shows the arch wire locked in place in the bracket slot and in a passive state with no force applied. 
           [0060]      FIGS. 4A-B  show perspective views of a single wing self-ligating orthodontic bracket in accordance with the invention illustrating the bracket opening in a labial configuration. 
           [0061]      FIGS. 5A-B  show perspective views of a double or twin wing self-ligating orthodontic bracket in accordance with the invention illustrating the bracket opening in a labial configuration. 
           [0062]      FIGS. 6A-B  show perspective views of a single-double combined wing self-ligating orthodontic bracket in accordance with the invention illustrating the bracket opening in a labial configuration. 
           [0063]      FIGS. 7A-C  show partial cut-away perspective cross-sectional views of pre-tensioned arch wires for use in combination with a self-ligating orthodontic bracket according to the invention, with  FIG. 7A  showing an oval cross-section, 
           [0064]      FIG. 7B  showing an irregular or kidney-shaped cross-section, and  FIG. 7C  showing a rectangular cross-section. 
           [0065]      FIGS. 8A-C  show side cross-sectional views of self-ligating orthodontic brackets according to alternative embodiments of the invention illustrating various cross-sections of the openings for placement of the pre-tensioned arch wire, with  FIG. 8A  showing an irregular opening or slot configuration,  FIG. 8B  showing a kidney-shaped opening or slot configuration, and  FIG. 8C  showing a square or diamond-shaped opening or slot configuration. 
           [0066]      FIGS. 9A-C  show side cross-sectional views of self-ligating orthodontic brackets according to other alternative embodiments of the invention illustrating the positioning of pre-tensioned arch wires therein, with the arch wires having different cross-sections. 
           [0067]      FIG. 10  shows a perspective view of a plurality of the brackets shown in  FIGS. 3A-F  and  FIG. 4A  on a set of teeth with two pre-tensioned arch wires. 
           [0068]      FIG. 11  shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of the static self-ligating orthodontic bracket in accordance with the present invention, with the arch wire opening in a labial orientation, with the bracket further including tie wings for use with ligatures (i.e., rubber bands, etc.). 
           [0069]      FIG. 12  shows a front plan view of a preferred embodiment of a single wing static self-ligating orthodontic bracket in accordance with the present invention illustrating the arch wire opening in a labial orientation and its difference in width from the diameter of the arch wire slot within the bracket body (indicated with dashed lines). 
           [0070]      FIG. 13  shows a front plan view of a preferred embodiment of a double or twin wing static self-ligating orthodontic bracket in accordance with the present invention illustrating the arch wire opening in a labial orientation and its difference in width from the diameter of the arch wire slot within the bracket body (indicated with dashed lines). 
           [0071]      FIG. 14  shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of a static self-ligating orthodontic bracket in accordance with the present invention illustrating the arch wire opening in a gingival orientation and its difference in width from the diameter of the arch wire slot within the bracket body (indicated with dashed lines). 
           [0072]      FIG. 15  shows a top plan view of a preferred embodiment of a static self-ligating orthodontic bracket in accordance with the present invention illustrating the arch wire opening in a facial orientation and its difference in width from the diameter of the arch wire slot within the bracket body (indicated with dashed lines). 
           [0073]      FIG. 16  shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of the static self-ligating orthodontic bracket in accordance with the present invention, with the arch wire opening in a labial orientation. 
           [0074]      FIG. 17  shows a flow diagram illustrating the method of applying the static self-ligating orthodontic bracket and pre-tensioned arch wire, preferably for use in straightening or otherwise moving teeth of a patient, in accordance with the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0075]    As required, a detailed illustrative embodiment of the present invention is disclosed herein. However, techniques, systems, compositions and operating structures in accordance with the present invention may be embodied in a wide variety of sizes, shapes, forms and modes, some of which may be quite different from those in the disclosed embodiment. Consequently, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative, yet in that regard, they are deemed to afford the best embodiment for purposes of disclosure and to provide a basis for the claims herein which define the scope of the present invention. 
         [0076]    Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments of the invention that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts or steps. The drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale. For purposes of convenience and clarity only, directional terms, such as top, bottom, up, down, over, above, below, etc., or motional terms, such as forward, back, sideways, transverse, etc. may be used with respect to the drawings. These and similar directional terms should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention in any manner. 
         [0077]    It will be noted that self ligating brackets come in two general types, active or passive. An active bracket is defined as having a spring loaded member maintaining a continuous force on the inserted wire when the movable self ligating member is activated. A passive self ligating bracket has a door or latch which seals the slot closed and provides a ‘tub/tube’ for the wire to lie in. Some brackets are both active and passive depending upon how the movable member is inserted or closed. Therefore, this invention will be understood by those of skill in the art as being either active or passive depending upon the bends placed in the wire during manufacture, and not necessarily restricted in either way. If a wire maintains a constant pressure after insertion it is active and if the wire only twists on its axis enough to lock into position but not apply force to the sides of the slot it is passive. The bracket can change from active to passive because the tooth generally moves away from the applied force and may move enough so that the wire no longer applies force to the bracket. Once applied force drops to less than that which is necessary biologically to move teeth, the tooth will stop moving and the wire will be held in place by the slot design. 
         [0078]    Referring first to  FIGS. 3A-3F , illustrated are cross-sectional views of the preferred embodiment of the static self-ligating orthodontic bracket in accordance with the present invention, further showing the insertion and restraint of a pre-tensioned arch wire  44  therein. As shown, the arch wire  44  has a generally rectangular cross-sectional configuration, and the arch wire slot  48  of the bracket having a generally round shape or configuration. For the sake of clarity, the arch wire slot  48  is shown here as round with four (4) stops  52 , however, it should be noted that any shape slot  48  may be used so long as its diameter is larger inside than at the entrance, and some geometric means of locking the arch wire  44  in place is provided. More specifically,  FIG. 3A  shows the arch wire  44  prior to placement in the arch wire slot  48  of the bracket body  40 .  FIG. 3B  shows the arch wire  44  twisted about its long axis prior to insertion in the slot  48  of the bracket  40 .  FIG. 3C  shows the insertion of the arch wire  44  into the slot  48  of the bracket  40 .  FIG. 3D  shows the arch wire  44  being locked in place by applying a counterclockwise moment to the arch wire  44  or bracket  40 .  FIG. 3E  shows the arch wire  44  being locked in place by applying a clockwise moment to the arch wire  44  or bracket  40 .  FIG. 3F  shows the arch wire  44  locked in place in the bracket slot  48  and in a passive state with no force applied. Importantly, the arch wire  44  must not be twisted to the point where permanent deformation takes place during insertion or removal. If this occurs, then the arch wire  44  will be unable to exert the necessary force within bracket  40  to effectuate the purpose of the system. 
         [0079]    In conventional orthodontic treatment arch wires vary in dimension as well as spring temper and material in order to provide varying forces to teeth. With this bracket, all wires must be the same dimension and designed to work with a particular bracket so they will lock into place. Varying force is produced by various permanent bends, loops, and twists about the long axis of the wire, various types of materials (i.e., metallic and non metallic or composites of varying materials), or various stiffness of the wires. 
         [0080]    The slot can be oriented in all three planes of space or any variation depending on the design of the bracket. It can open to the gingival, facial, or occlusal. The bracket geometry, not the shape of the bracket or the position of the slot or slots in the bracket is the invention here. The bracket can have various other holes, slots, hooks as desired and dictated by the needs of orthodontic technique. The bracket can be made of metal, ceramic, polymer, or any other suitable material. Brackets can be positioned on the labial or lingual surfaces of the tooth. The wire can be any size or shape as long as it will lock into the bracket slot after insertion due to twisting about its long axis. 
         [0081]      FIGS. 3A-F  also illustrate the application of the bracket and arch wire system to the teeth of a patient in accordance with the invention. That is, during use, a practitioner or user first fastens or otherwise bonds a bracket body  40  to the surface of each of the patient&#39;s teeth. Optionally, a pad  42  or other bonding material or device may be employed to secure the bracket  40  to the tooth. The practitioner then selects the appropriate pre-tensioned arch wire  44  configuration for the particular patient&#39;s needs. Once all of the bracket bodies  40  have been attached and are ready to receive the arch wire  44 , the practitioner applies a force to straighten out the pre-tensioned arch wire  44  prior to insertion into the bracket body  40 . The practitioner then orients the straightened pre-tensioned arch wire  44  by twisting or rotating it about its long axis such that its narrow width is oriented for insertion into arch wire slot of a first bracket body. The rotated straightened pre-tensioned arch wire  44  is then inserted into arch wire slot  48  of a first bracket body  40  through the opening  46  therein. 
         [0082]    Once the arch wire  44  is fully inserted into arch wire slot  48  the practitioner applies a clockwise or counterclockwise moment to the arch wire  44  to lock the arch wire  44  in place within the arch wire slot  48  of the bracket body  40 . To complete the process, the practitioner would then repeat the above steps above for each of the remaining bracket bodies  40  on each of patient&#39;s teeth. Finally, any excess arch wire  44  would be cut and discarded. Once finished, each bracket body  40  has arch wire  44  locked in position within the arch wire slots  48 . 
         [0083]    Turning next to  FIGS. 4A-B ,  5 A-B and  6 A-B, shown are perspective views of alternative embodiments of self-ligating orthodontic brackets in accordance with the invention. In particular,  FIG. 4  In particular,  FIGS. 4A-B  show a single wing self-ligating orthodontic bracket  58  in accordance with the invention illustrating the bracket  58  opening in a labial configuration. As shown, bracket  58  may comprise opening  60  and arch wire slot  62 . Preferably, as shown, arch wire slot  62  has a round configuration but is not so limited. Also, preferably, the width of opening  60  is dimensionally smaller or less than a diameter of arch wire slot  62 . Such a configuration will facilitate the insertion into and restraint within slot  62  of an arch wire. Optionally, the bracket  58  may include tie wings  64  for the inclusion or use of rubber bands or other ligatures during use of the orthodontic system. 
         [0084]    The brackets shown in  FIGS. 4A-B  comprise a single wing embodiment. That is, on each tooth only a single bracket component is applied. However, in accordance with the invention, double wing or twin wing brackets  66  may be employed, as seen in  FIGS. 5A-B . As shown, brackets  66  may comprise openings  68  and arch wire slots  70 . Preferably, as shown here and as described above regarding  FIGS. 4A-B , arch wire slots  70  have round configurations but they are not so limited. Also, preferably, the widths of openings  68  are dimensionally smaller or less than the diameter of arch wire slots  70 . Such a configuration is designed to facilitate the insertion into and restraint within slot  62  of an arch wire. Optionally, the brackets  66  may include tie wings  72  for the inclusion or use of rubber bands or other ligatures during use of the orthodontic system. 
         [0085]    In accordance with yet another alternative embodiment of a bracket according to the invention, a single-double combined wing bracket  74  may be employed, as seen in  FIGS. 6A-B . As shown, brackets  74  may comprise openings  76  and arch wire slot  78  formed by a single upper portion and a double lower portion  80 . Preferably, as shown here and as described above regarding  FIGS. 4A-B , arch wire slot  78  have round configurations but they are not so limited. Also, preferably, the width of opening  76  is dimensionally smaller or less than the diameter of arch wire slot  78 . Such a configuration is designed to facilitate the insertion into and restraint within slot  78  of an arch wire. Optionally, the brackets  74  may include tie wings  82  for the inclusion or use of rubber bands or other ligatures during use of the orthodontic system. 
         [0086]    The arch wires for use in accordance with the invention may take any of a number of shapes and forms, and be made from a number of known materials, as discussed herein. As shown in  FIGS. 7A-C , which depict partial cut-away perspective cross-sectional views of pre-tensioned arch wires for use in combination with a self-ligating orthodontic bracket according to the invention, the arch wires may have an oval cross-section  84  ( FIG. 7A ), an irregular or kidney-shaped cross-section  86  ( FIG. 7B ), or a rectangular cross-section  88  ( FIG. 7C ). It is important to note that the arch wires  84 ,  86 ,  88  for use in accordance with the invention must have a cross-section configured with a long and a short dimension that are substantially perpendicular with one another. Such a configuration is designed to facilitate the insertion and restraint of the arch wire within the bracket during use. 
         [0087]    Turning next to  FIGS. 8A-C , shown are side cross-sectional views of self-ligating orthodontic brackets  92 ,  94 ,  102  according to alternative embodiments of the invention illustrating various cross-sections of the slots  114 ,  116 ,  120  for placement of the pre-tensioned arch wire. As seen in  FIG. 8A , an irregular opening or slot configuration  114  may be employed such that arch wire  112  may be restrained therein after insertion through opening  110 , without the use of additional stops or internal restraints. As seen in  FIG. 8B , a kidney-shaped opening or slot configuration  116  may be employed such that arch wire  118  may be restrained therein after insertion through opening  110 , also without the use of additional stops or internal restraints. Lastly, as seen in  FIG. 8C , a square or diamond-shaped opening or slot configuration  120  may be employed such that arch wire  122  may be restrained therein after insertion through opening  110 , also without the use of additional stops or internal restraints. 
         [0088]    Alternatively, arch wires having different cross-sections may be used in accordance with the invention, in particular when using a bracket having a round arch wire slot  124 ,  128 ,  134 , as shown in  FIGS. 9A-C , which depict side cross-sectional views of self-ligating orthodontic brackets  100 ,  96 ,  98  according to other alternative embodiments of the invention illustrating the positioning of pre-tensioned arch wires  126 ,  130 ,  132  therein, with the arch wires  126 ,  130 ,  132  having different cross-sections (i.e., oval  126 , kidney-shaped  130 , and rectangular  132 ). As shown, stops  106 ,  108  are preferably employed on the internal surface of slots  124 ,  128 ,  134  to restrain the arch wire  126 ,  130 ,  132  after insertion through opening  110 . Optionally, as shown in  FIGS. 8A-C  and  9 A-C, a pad  104  or other bonding material or device may be employed to secure the bracket  92 ,  94 ,  100 ,  102 ,  98  to the tooth  90 . 
         [0089]    Referring next to  FIG. 10 , shown is a perspective view of a plurality of the brackets  138  shown in  FIGS. 3A-F  and  4 A on a set of teeth with two arch wires  136 . As shown, the system  140  includes a plurality of brackets  138  secured on a patient&#39;s teeth. In many prior art bracket systems, different types of brackets (different shape, different slot prescription and different anatomy) were secured on different teeth. However, in a preferred embodiment of system  140 , all of the teeth to be corrected include a bracket  138  secured thereon (e.g., molars, premolars, canines, lateral incisors and central incisors, etc.). It will be understood that the brackets  138  may be different sizes, e.g., height or width or thickness, but that each of the brackets  138  have the same design. Since the slots are round (and not rectangular), arch wires  136  can be threaded through all of the brackets  138  starting at the midline and continuing posteriorly. In other words, the arch wires  136  can be positioned by placing a wire portion at the midline into the mesial openings of the slots of the central incisor brackets  138  (positioning for one bracket), and then repeatedly placing (orientating and twisting as required for alignment with each respective slot) through the other brackets  138 . It will be understood, that a user will gap one end of an arch wire (in a tool or by finger) orient a portion to fit within a first slot, then transition to the next arch wire location proximate the second slot, conduct an orientation and insertion for that second slot, and repeat for all the required brackets. Thus, as the arch wire may adapt and twist during the insertion process, the user orients proximate each bracket as required for insertion trough the slot. Therefore, after all of the brackets  138  have been linked by the arch wire, the arch wires  136  extend continuously through all of the brackets  138  of the system  140  and extend from the molar(s) on one side of the arch through the slot associated with each intervening tooth and to the molar(s) on the other or opposing side. In an alternative embodiment, the arch wires may be segmented. 
         [0090]    It will be understood that the use of a second arch wire may provide for more rotational control and efficiency as it aids the first arch wire in straightening the teeth as both arch wires  136  regain their initial shape via the shape memory properties inherent in the materials used. In a preferred embodiment, the arch wires  136  are made of nickel titanium. However, this is not a limitation on the present invention and other shape memory alloys or materials may be used. It will be understood that the system  140  can be used with one or two arch wires. 
         [0091]    Threading the arch wire  136  through the slots increases operator efficiency, decreases the chance for patient/operator injury with instruments and increases patient comfort because the forces related to ligating traditional brackets are unneeded. At adjustment visits, the wires can be removed the same way that they are inserted (threaded) which also provides for more efficiency, less chance of injury and less discomfort for the patient. 
         [0092]    It will be understood by those skilled in the art, that in many cases or treatments of a patient (e.g., in a case where the teeth are crooked and no spaces need to be closed) nothing other than the friction of the superelastic arch wires  136  within the slots is necessary to hold the arch wires  136  in place. However, some cases may require further aid in moving the teeth. This may be accomplished through the use of tie wings and the spaces defined between the tie wings and the base. The wings can be used in a number of different situations. For example, when a patient needs space between teeth closed, the treating doctor may need to use some type of elastic, such as what is called a power chain. All components that are used to retain the arch wire  136  on or in the bracket  138 , including ligatures ties, power chains, clips, elastomeric rings and the like. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the tie wings are used to retain the power chain or elastic on the bracket  138  and over the arch wire  136 . This allows the power chain or elastic to exert forces that consolidate and pull the teeth towards one other or in some other desired direction. 
         [0093]    Turning now to  FIG. 11 , shown is a side view of a preferred embodiment of the static self-ligating orthodontic bracket  142  in accordance with the present invention, with the arch wire opening in a labial orientation, with the bracket further including tie wings for use with ligatures (i.e., rubber bands, etc.).  FIG. 12  shows a front plan view of a preferred embodiment of a single wing static self-ligating orthodontic bracket  144  in accordance with the present invention illustrating the arch wire opening in a labial orientation and its difference in width from the diameter of the arch wire slot within the bracket body (indicated with dashed lines).  FIG. 13  shows a front plan view of a preferred embodiment of a double or twin wing static self-ligating orthodontic bracket  146  in accordance with the present invention illustrating the arch wire opening in a labial orientation and its difference in width from the diameter of the arch wire slot within the bracket body (indicated with dashed lines).  FIG. 14  shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of a static self-ligating orthodontic bracket  148  in accordance with the present invention illustrating the arch wire opening in a gingival orientation and its difference in width from the diameter of the arch wire slot within the bracket body (indicated with dashed lines).  FIG. 15  shows a top plan view of a preferred embodiment of a static self-ligating orthodontic bracket  150  in accordance with the present invention illustrating the arch wire opening in a facial orientation and its difference in width from the diameter of the arch wire slot within the bracket body (indicated with dashed lines).  FIG. 16  shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of the static self-ligating orthodontic bracket  152  in accordance with the present invention, with the arch wire opening in a labial orientation. 
         [0094]    Referring last to  FIG. 17 , shown is a flow diagram illustrating the method of applying the static self-ligating orthodontic bracket and pre-tensioned arch wire, preferably for use in straightening or otherwise moving teeth of a patient, in accordance with the present invention. As depicted, a practitioner or user first fastens or otherwise bonds a bracket body  40  to the surface of each of the patient&#39;s teeth (step  154 ). The practitioner then selects the appropriate pre-tensioned arch wire  44  configuration for the particular patient&#39;s needs (step  156 ). Once all of the bracket bodies  40  have been attached and are ready to receive the arch wire  44 , the practitioner applies a local force to orient the pre-tensioned arch wire  44  to the slot (prior to insertion into the slot) of the bracket body  40 . The practitioner orients the straightened pre-tensioned arch wire  44  (in a local position) by twisting or rotating it about its long axis such that its narrow width is oriented for insertion into arch wire slot of a first bracket body (step  160 ) (see also  FIGS. 3A and 3B ). The rotated straightened pre-tensioned arch wire  44  is then inserted into arch wire slot  48  of a first bracket body  40  through the opening  46  therein (step  162 ) (see also  FIG. 3C ). It will be noted that in a separate step (optional step  158 ) a user determines a suitable individual patient wire by captured digital data or selects a wire manufactured to a general type and suitable to a patient. 
         [0095]    Once the arch wire  44  is fully inserted into arch wire slot  48  the practitioner has released the arch wire periodically throughout the insertion steps and now fully releases the arch wire, the wire twists itself (to release tension) along the long axis (a clockwise or counterclockwise moment to the arch wire  44 ) to lock the arch wire  44  in place within the arch wire slot  48  of the bracket body  40  (step  164 ) (see also  FIGS. 3D and 3E ). The manufactured shape of the wire determines how much the wire twists and what forces will be applied to the brackets and teeth respectively. Necessarily, to complete the process, the practitioner would repeat the insert-release above steps above for each of the bracket bodies  40  on each of patient&#39;s teeth (step  166 ). Finally, any excess arch wire  44  would be cut and discarded (step  168 ). Once finished, each bracket body  40  has arch wire  44  locked in position within the arch wire slots  48  (see  FIG. 3F ). 
         [0096]    In the claims, means or step-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described or suggested herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Thus, for example, although a nail, a screw, and a bolt may not be structural equivalents in that a nail relies on friction between a wooden part and a cylindrical surface, a screw&#39;s helical surface positively engages the wooden part, and a bolt&#39;s head and nut compress opposite sides of a wooden part, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail, a screw, and a bolt may be readily understood by those skilled in the art as equivalent structures. 
         [0097]    Having described at least one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely exemplary and that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various changes, modifications, and adaptations may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention, therefore, shall be defined solely by the following claims. Further, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that numerous changes may be made in such details without departing from the spirit and the principles of the invention. It should be appreciated that the present invention is capable of being embodied in other forms without departing from its essential characteristics.