Abstract:
A clipper for clipping nails of an animal such as a dog, or cat, allows for the clipping of an individual nail at the desired length while preventing injury to the animal. The device includes a clipping means and a sensing means which allows the nail to be localized in a desired position relative to the clipping plane of the clipper and the internal structure of the nail. The sensing means includes a signal generation means, a signal reception means, and a quick indicator. The animal mail is positioned near the clipping means and the sensing means produces a sensible signal confirming the position of the clipping plane upon the nail, particularly the quick of the nail. The user then may adjust the position of the clipping means such that the clipping plane avoids the quick. The user then actuates the clipping means and trims the nail.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This non-provisional application claims priority to the provisional application for patent Ser. No. 60/751,054 which was filed on Dec. 16, 2005 and is commonly owned by the same inventors. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    This invention relates generally to grooming equipment for animals such as pets and more particularly to a nail clipper that confirms the location of the nail&#39;s quick to prevent cutting it during nail trimming. This invention also senses the internal structure of the nail prior to clipping and allows accurate positioning of the blade just outside of the quick of the nail for a bleed-free nail clipping. 
         [0003]    Animal nails, such as those cats, dogs, other mammals, and birds, contain a blood supply, called the quick, and nerves that can bleed excessively and induce severe sensations of pain if they are accidentally cut during nail trimming. As later shown,  FIGS. 1-6  illustrate the anatomy of an animal nail, showing the quick, its relationship to the remainder of the nail, and effective cutting of both. 
         [0004]    Various types of nail clippers exist that provide precise hand-controlled trimming of the nails and other instruments provide nail filing, either by hand or power means. Experienced, successful users of nail clippers keep a styptic pencil nearby to stop nail bleeding if it occurs. However, the typical pet owner has tried trimming her pet&#39;s nails one time too many and caused pain, bleeding and trauma by cutting through the quick. Most animals, pets, dislike having their nails clipped. Inadvertent cutting into the quick of the nail can injure the animal causing both pain and bleeding, more than likely in pets with dark colored nails. Once this happens, pet owners have grave difficulty in attempting nail grooming again. Generally, most pet owners avoid cutting their pets&#39; nails by deferring that task to a grooming service or their veterinarian. However, those services can be expensive and require transporting the pet to and from the service location. 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
       [0005]    Various animal nail clippers have been shown in the prior art such as U.S. Pat. No. 2,955,354, issued to Laing, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,838,507 issued to Clark, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,228,585, issued to Nelson. One of the deficiencies in prior art clippers is no provision for localizing the quick of the nail prior to clipping the nail thus avoiding the aforementioned injury. The present invention overcomes this deficiency by providing a mechanically actuated nail clipper for an animal, or pet, which allows the user to sense the position of the quick prior to clipping the nail then to clip the nail safely at the desired length. 
         [0006]    Further, the U.S. Pat. No. 3,845,553 to Fields showed a claw clipper with a reciprocating cutter. The clipper has a gauge 56 to establish how much nail to remove. The reciprocating cutter, 30, then is rapidly advance to clip the nail using a motorized screw. The cutter includes a spring to return the cutter to a recoiled position for the motorized screw to advance the cutter again, reciprocally. Alas, this patent does not detect the presence of the quick with any sensor. 
         [0007]    The published patent application to Kang, No. 2006/0042559 shows a clipper for pet claws with a lever operated cutter. The clipper receives a nail on the side and the nail proceeds between the two blades of the cutter. The cutter has a fixed blade and a rotating blade. Grasping the lever rotates the rotating blade to clip the nail. The application discloses a battery powered motor in the larger handle for grinding a clipped nail. The present invention though has a cutter that receives a nail from the bottom and a cutter with two blades. The blades of the present invention slide along a common line while abutting each other. The present invention lacks a motor or other grinding feature but does have the sensing means and quick indicator which differentiates the present invention from the Kang publication. 
         [0008]    The U.S. Pat. No. 7,000,321 to Rodgers discloses an optical source and corresponding sensor for detecting the quick of an animal&#39;s nail. This patented device has a mechanical clipper with a sliding blade coupled with an optical source and sensor. The source and sensor are mounted proximate the clipper so an accurate reading of light passing through a nail is ascertained by the sensor prior to usage of the clipper. The present invention though has sensing through electrical charge or capacitance or resistance, a thermocouple, piezo-electric, heat, ultrasound, x-ray radiation, and infrared radiation. Once the quick is detected using the sensor, the present invention activates a quick indicator, preferably LED of single or multiple colors, to avoid startling an animal, to guide the user in operating the present invention. 
         [0009]    The allowed patent application to Huggans, published as No. 2005/0132975, shows a hand powered nail and claw clipper. The clipper has a mechanical two blade guillotine type cutter where one blade is advanced along the other blade when the handle is closed. The clipper also has a sensor located in the fixed blade opposite the advancing other blade. The sensor is preferably a high intensity light with a cooperating detector or alternatively an ultrasound detector, a pulse oximeter, a laser, and an infra red thermometer. The present invention shares some features with this allowed application. However, the present invention has at least one LED to inform the operator visually, using single or multiple colors, about proximity to the quick and a detector capable of initializing itself. The detector establishes, or uses a pre-established, baseline on a non-quick substance, such as air, and uses that baseline to later determine the location of the cutting blade relative to the quick. An operator need not look at the position of the cutting blade on a nail but rather at the LED. 
         [0010]    The present invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art where the animal nail clipper provides a sensing means coupled to a visual output to guide an operator in positioning the clipper upon an animal&#39;s nail for cutting without injuring the quick. The prior art cutters do not provide for guiding the cutter away from the quick but rather provide mere detection of the quick. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    A device for cutting nails of an animal such as a dog, cat, or the like has a first handle, a second handle connected to the first handle, and pivotably moveable relative thereto, a cutting blade connected to the first handle and moveable and connectable to the second handle, a blade guide connected to the first handle, the blade being mounted to slide upon the blade guide. The device also has a sensing means attached to either the first handle, the second handle, the blades, or any combination of these parts. 
         [0012]    The essence of this invention is to provide a quick sensing and locating, claw clipper for trimming animal claws and nails. The purpose of the invention is to provide a means and method for locating the quick of the claw, choosing the appropriate point for trimming said claw, and performing the trimming operation. 
         [0013]    This is accomplished by means of an electrical sensor, which is attached to a mechanical device for clipping the nail. The preferred sensor is a single plate of a capacitor, which returns a different frequency response when positioned near air, nail, or nail overlaying quick. Thus, the internal structures of the nail, in particular the blood or living tissue of the quick, or the blood flow, can be localized in order to verify that the cut will be made in a safe place. Alternative sensors for detecting and localizing blood flow include electrical resistance, Doppler ultrasound, commonly used for blood flow detection in humans, or laser imaging. 
         [0014]    The invention comprises a clipper means and a sensor means. The clipper means is any of the variety of shearing or grinding processes accomplished within a hand-held device appropriate for selectively removing portions of the animal claws. The sensor means is any of a variety of sensors, including, but not limited, to the following: 
         [0015]    1) Transmitter/receiver sensors in which a sensible signal is transmitted though the claw and received on the other side of the claw by an appropriate means. Attenuation, phase change, capacitance change, conductivity, or any other change in the signal, attributable to the presence of the quick in the transmission path which differentiates transmission through claw and quick, is used to identify and localize the quick, thus guiding later trimming of the claw without injury to the quick. Such sensible signals include: infrared light, x-ray radiation, visible light, heat, sound, electricity, electrical charge, and electrical fields. 
         [0016]    2) Receiver sensors in which a naturally occurring characteristic of the internal structure of the nail is sensed and interpreted to localize the quick, guiding, further trimming of the claw without injury to it. Such receivable signals include: body heat, blood flow sounds, transmitted ambient visible light, and reflected ambient visible light. 
         [0017]    3) Receiver-less sensors impose a signal into or onto the claw and the user relies on their own senses to receive and interpret the resulting information to locate the quick for later trimming of the claw without injury to it. Such interpreted information includes: visible light, vibration, and heat. 
         [0018]    In the preferred embodiment, the clipper means is a hand-held and hand-powered shearing device similar to existing claw clippers. The sensor means is of the transmitter/receiver category using capacitance change caused by the presence of dielectric and conductive materials in the nail. The sensor means is mechanically joined to the clipper means such that a constant and known geometry is maintained between the sensor means and the location where the cut will occur when the clipper means is actuated. 
         [0019]    The method of using the preferred embodiment of the invention proceeds as follows: the user switches the sensor circuit on. The user then positions the clipper means near the claw and receives an indication in the form of a pattern of colored lights that indicates the structure adjacent to the sensor means. The user then moves the clipper sensor assembly in a proximal direction along the nail until the light pattern indicates that the sensor detects the presence of quick in the cutting zone. The user then moves the clipper sensor assembly distally along the nail until the light pattern indicates the sensor detects only nail. Using the light pattern, the user adjusts the position of the clipper means to the desired trimming location while avoiding the quick. The clipper means is then activated and the cut is made. 
         [0020]    In the preferred embodiment the sensor means is a conductive plate, which forms a single plate of a capacitor. Earth ground effectively provides the opposing plate and forms a complete capacitor. The capacitance of the capacitor is affected by the electrical characteristics of material interposed between the single plate and the earth ground. The capacitor is included in a circuit such that changes in the instantaneous capacitance of the capacitor cause a change in the oscillatory frequency of the circuit. The oscillatory frequency is interpreted by a digital processor whose programming differentiates between frequencies arising from interposing air, nail, or nail with underlying quick. The programming causes an appropriate pattern of light emitting diodes (LEDs) to switch on or off communicating the type of material being sensed to the user. 
         [0021]    In the preferred embodiment three LEDs are used: green, yellow and red. If the red LED is lit, it indicates that quick is present near the sensor and by inference the clipping means is positioned so that it would cut through quick. If the green LED is lit, it indicates that only nail material is present near the sensor and the clipper means may safely cut. If the yellow LED is lit, the clipping means is in the transition zone between the quick and the nail, thus the user should adjust the position of the clipper. In an alternate embodiment, other light patterns can be used to communicate to the user, including an alphanumeric display, a bar type display, and a liquid crystal display among other things. 
         [0022]    Other light patterns, such as no LEDs lit or all LEDs, blinking indicate operational situations, such as low battery power or no material other than air in the vicinity of the sensor. 
         [0023]    Other possible variations upon the concept and method of this particular invention may include: 1) the clipper means is powered by batteries or external power electromechanically coupled to the shearing blades, 2) the sensor means is powered externally, 3) the sensor means utilizes conductive portions of the clipper means as a capacitor plate, 4) the sensor is separate from the clipping means and is used independently to localize safe cutting areas, 5) the clipper means uses a burr or grinder to remove claw material, 6) the sensor means is electrically conductive and the clipper means is a grinder that automatically progresses forward along the claw until changes in conductivity indicate that the grinding is close to the quick, and 7) the clipper means uses a simple processor that automatically selects and positions the clipper means for optimum trimming of the claw. 
         [0024]    In one embodiment the blades or cutters mounted to the blades are electrically isolated from each other and form the contact points for the sensing means. The sensing means imposes a voltage potential between the blades. Upon contact with the nail material the electrical potential produces a current flow through the nail material. The current flow is then detected and interpreted as either current, voltage drop, or resistance by existing electrical measurement means. The measurement means is then sensibly displayed as visual output by LED or audible output by beeper, tweeter, or horn. 
         [0025]    In another embodiment, at least one of the blades is comprised of metallurgical dissimilar materials forming a thermocouple. The thermocouple becomes a sensing means. Upon contact with the nail material the thermocouple produces an electrical current as a function of the temperature of the underlying nail. The current flow is then detected and interpreted as either current, voltage drop, or resistance by existing electrical measurement means. The measurement means is then sensibly displayed as visual output by LED or audible output by beeper or horn. 
         [0026]    In another embodiment, the first blade is in mechanical contact with a first piezo-electric device and the second blade is in mechanical contact with a second piezo-electric device, and the first and second piezo-electric devices are mutually sonically isolated. Upon contact with nail material the first piezo-electric device is actuated by an electrical input signal producing a mechanical vibration. The mechanical vibration is communicated through the first blade through the nail material and through the second blade to the second peizo-electric device. The second peizo-electric device responds to the mechanical vibration by producing an electrical output signal which is then communicated to an interpretation circuit. The time interval between the initiation of the electrical input signal and the electrical output signal can be interpreted as the speed of sound through all of the material. Attenuation between the electrical input signal and the electrical output signal can be interpreted as the sonic damping of the nail material. The interpretation of one or both of the speed of sound and the attenuation comprise a measurement means. The measurement means is then sensibly displayed as visual output by LED or audible output by beeper or horn. 
         [0027]    In another embodiment the first blade is in thermal contact with a heating means and the second blade is in mechanical contact with a thermocouple device, the first and second blades being mutually thermally isolated. Upon contact with nail material the heating means is actuated by an electrical input signal producing a heat. The heat is communicated through the first blade through the nail material and through the second blade to the thermocouple device. The thermocouple device responds to the heat by producing an electrical output signal. The electrical output signal is then communicated to an interpretation circuit. The time interval between the initiation of the electrical input signal and the electrical output signal can be interpreted as the thermal conductivity of the nail material. The interpretation of the thermal conductivity comprises a measurement means. The measurement means is then sensibly displayed as visual output by LED or audible output by beeper or horn. 
         [0028]    In another embodiment the first handle serves as the mounting point for a visible or invisible radiation source. The second handle serves as the mounting point for a radiation detector appropriate to receive radiation from the radiation source and return an electrical signal in response to the radiation. Upon contact with nail material the radiation source is actuated by an electrical input signal. The radiation is communicated through the nail material and is received by the radiation detector. The radiation detector responds to the radiation by producing an electrical output signal. The electrical output signal is then communicated to an interpretation circuit. The attenuation of the electrical output signal when compared with open air attenuation can be interpreted as the opacity of the nail material. The interpretation of the opacity comprises a measurement means. The measurement means is then sensibly displayed as visual output by LED or audible output by beeper or horn. In all of the preceding embodiments the sensing means is considered to be predictably located with respect to the clipping plane of the blades, thereby allowing the user to use the output, visibly or audibly, as a cue to correctly position the clipping plane. 
         [0029]    In another embodiment the first handle serves as the mounting point for a visible light source. The light source having sufficient luminosity to allow visualization of the interior structure of the nail material and avoidance of the quick. A sensitive light detecting receiver may be incorporated to allow detection of extremely low levels of transmitted light. An extremely fast electronic gate may also be used to select only those first few photons which reach the receiver as these photons went through a nail on the straightest path. 
         [0030]    It is the principal object of this current invention to provide an animal nail trimming device which is capable of indicating the location of the nail quick, and therefore the blood supply and nerves in the nail. 
         [0031]    It is an object of this invention to provide an improved nail clipper for an animal, such as a dog or cat, that provides safety while clipping the animal&#39;s nails to prevent injury or harm to the animal. 
         [0032]    It is an object of this invention to provide an improved nail clipper having a price acceptable to the consuming public where the nail clipper has a capacitor sensor powered by batteries or direct current. 
         [0033]    It is an object of this invention to provide an improved nail clipper having a compact capacitor plate sensor and related circuitry that may be added to existing nail cutting devices. 
         [0034]    It is a still further object of this invention to provide an improved nail clipper to provide a completely disposable unit is also feasible. 
         [0035]    In accordance with these and other objects, which will be apparent hereinafter, the instant invention will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying drawings. 
         [0036]    Other variations and modifications to the subject matter of this invention may be considered to those skilled in the art upon review of the invention as described herein. The ideas presented are not intended to limit the scope or application of the device, or its method of usage. Other objects, purposes, methods of usage, and variations may be considered by those skilled in the art. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0037]    In referring to the drawings, 
           [0038]      FIG. 1  shows a schematic view of a nail upon the paw of a pet, such as a dog or cat; 
           [0039]      FIG. 2  shows the exposed nail being gauged for cutting; 
           [0040]      FIG. 3  shows the nail, over a period of time, clipped to retract the blood supply; 
           [0041]      FIG. 4  indicates how the nail gets shorter through repeat cuttings and the blood flow recedes; 
           [0042]      FIG. 5  indicates how the trimming of the nail with repeated short cuttings can prevent bleeding; 
           [0043]      FIG. 6  shows a properly trimmed pet nail; 
           [0044]      FIG. 7  shows the nail in the process of clipping by a trimmer, incorporating a sensor means, for the combination to disclose the internal blood supply in the nail, and the location where a trim can be made; 
           [0045]      FIG. 8  is a perspective view showing the present invention; 
           [0046]      FIG. 9  is a side view showing the present invention; 
           [0047]      FIG. 10  shows an opposite side view in cross-section of a fragmentary portion of the present invention prior to movement of the cutting blade; 
           [0048]      FIG. 11  shows the same view as  FIG. 10  with the blade positioned in the cutting position; 
           [0049]      FIG. 12  shows the circuit diagram for the circuit used to detect the presence of a sensitive area of the nail; 
           [0050]      FIG. 13  is a block diagram of the circuitry for the sensor means; 
           [0051]      FIG. 14  is a block diagram of the sensor means circuitry when sampling and  FIG. 14   a  is a further block diagram of the sensor means circuitry; 
           [0052]      FIG. 15  is another block diagram of the timing for sampling for the sensor circuitry; and, 
           [0053]      FIG. 16  is another block diagram of the sampling where the LEDs are activated to communicate position near the quick to the user. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0054]    Referring to the drawings, and in particular  FIGS. 1-6 , a pet nail, projecting from the paw of the animal, shows what is considered, the dead segment of a nail at  1 , but yet having an internal portion of the blood supply at  2 , the quick, inherently provided therein. The concept of this invention, and the use of a clipper with a sensor, is to provide for a trained trimming of the nail, at the very tip, initially in  FIG. 2 , until such time as the blood supply within the nail gradually recedes, as a result of short trimmings, until such time as the blood supply has withdrawn significantly towards the paw as can be seen in  FIG. 6 , at  4 , so that a substantial portion of the nail may be trimmed, as at  5 , subsequently. As the figures indicate, in  FIG. 1 , the blood supply, generally identified as “quick”  2 , is shown in a short nail  1 . As the nail grows, as seen in  FIG. 2 , the blood supply gets somewhat longer as the nail grows. At this stage, if a cut is made at the tip of the blood supply, bleeding will occur, and the nail will still remain too long as in  FIG. 2 . If one trims at a greater distance, the blood supply is not encountered, but it will naturally begin to recede, and get shorter, as explained. As noted in  FIG. 3 , if the user clips or files a little off the long nail periodically, the blood supply will continue to recede within the nail, and be contracted towards the paw. As noted in  FIG. 4 , as the nail eventually gets shorter, through repeated trimmings, the blood supply also recedes, as can be noted. In  FIG. 5 , only when the nail is kept short, can it be trimmed without bleeding. If the same cut had been made on the long nail as shown in  FIG. 2 , it would have caused bleeding and pain to the animal. But, with proper sequential trimming daily, over a period of time, such as for a few days or a week or two, the blood supply continues to recede, only the dead portion of the nail is trimmed, and trimming for the animal is not a painful experience, when the blood supply has receded and is not encountered in trimming. 
         [0055]    As can be seen in  FIG. 7 , the paw with nail  1  is disclosed. A trimmer, as at  6 , is provided. Structured into the trimmer, is a circuit board  7 , the forward most edge of which is rendered conductive by metallic coating or a metallic plate. The forward most edge electrically becomes a single plate of a capacitor and functionally becomes a sensor means at  7 . The electrical circuit through the capacitor is completed when a contact, as at  20   a,  brushes against a switch  20   b  located within the handle  17 . When the linkage arm  20  brushes against the switch, a circuit closes to operate the sensor for a brief interval before the cutting of the animal nail located within the apertures. 
         [0056]    In the preferred embodiment the sensor means is a conductive plate, which forms a single plate of a capacitor. Earth ground, through the clipper user, or the pet, effectively provides the opposing plate and forms a complete capacitor. The capacitance of the capacitor is affected by the electrical characteristics of material interposed between the single plate and the earth ground. The capacitor is included in a circuit such that changes in the instantaneous capacitance of the capacitor cause a change in the oscillatory frequency of the circuit, as at  24   a  (see  FIG. 12 ). The oscillatory frequency is interpreted by a digital processor, as at  24   b  (see  FIG. 12 ), whose programming differentiates between frequencies arising from interposing air, nail. or nail with underlying quick. The programming causes, a quick indicator, preferably an appropriate pattern of light emitting diodes (LEDs), to switch on or off thus communicating the type of material being sensed to the user. 
         [0057]    In the preferred embodiment, three LEDs are used, as at  8 : green, yellow and red. If the red LED is lit, it indicates that quick is present near the sensor and by inference the clipping means is positioned such that it would cut through the quick. If the green LED is lit, it indicates that only nail material is present near the sensor and the clipper means and thus it is safe to cut. If the yellow LED is lit, between the red and the green LEDs, the clipper means is located between the quick and the nail. Other light patterns, such as no LEDs lit or all LEDs blinking, indicate operational situations such as low battery power or no material other than air in the vicinity of said sensor to the user. In an alternate embodiment, the quick indicator is sensible by the user of the cutter with the sound or vibration generated by a motor, beeper, tweeter, or horn located within the handle  17 . 
         [0058]    The electric charge for the circuitry and the electrical component is provided through the battery  25 . The circuitry is protected from a reversed battery polarity installation by a diode, as at  24   c  (see  FIG. 12 ). Handles  17 , 18  when squeezed together cause the blade  13  to move in a forward direction passing over (see  FIG. 11 ) aperture  16  which receives the animal nail to be clipped. The animal nail is positioned also through aperture  11  which is in the mounting arm, or moving blade  13  and through one selected and pre-positioned aperture  16  disposed in the fixed blade  10 . The handles  17  and  18 , as shown in  FIG. 8 , are pivotally connected by a pin  19  as then shown in  FIG. 9 . Handle  18  is connected to blade  13  by linkage arm  20  and pin  15  in  FIG. 10 .  FIG. 10  shows the present invention without electrical power supplied from the battery to the sensor circuit as the contact  20   a  is separated from the switch  20   b.  The spring  23  biases the handle  18  by a flange and linkage arm which provides for the spring tension against the action of the handle. The linkage arm  20  is connected to the blade  13  by pin  22  which is received in slot  21  in the blade  13 . The blade  10  is affixed by screws to handle  17 . In use, the initial forward motion of the handle  17  by the user retracts the linkage arm  20  that closes the switch  20   b  which delivers power to the sensor circuitry in the preferred embodiment. After recognizing the output from the sensor, the user closes the handle  18  in a grip upon the handle  17  to advance the blade  13  and cut the nail. In an alternate embodiment, the linkage arm  20  closes a switch, as at  20   b,  located proximate to the forward end of the battery compartment. 
         [0059]      FIG. 12  shows the circuit diagram for the circuit  24  used to detect the presence of a sensitive area of the nail. The detection circuit prevents too close of a cut when trimming an animal&#39;s nails. Furthermore, it includes a series of LEDs, as at  8 , which are sequentially lit, to provide an indication as to when a nail is being cut too closely. Alternatively, the LEDs can be replaced with an audible or sensible signal generator. 
         [0060]      FIG. 13  describes a block diagram of the master subroutines of the software program upon a microprocessor,  24   b,  ( FIG. 12 ) for operating the sensor portion of the clipper. The block diagram of the high level flow includes four steps. First, the user turns on the clipper which initializes  26  the clipper and provides power to a processor, microprocessor, or microchip. The microprocessor has at least one counting routine and at least one looping routing. The counting routine is set to zero and the looping routine is set to a certain number upon initialization. Second, the program determines the baseline  27  number later used in a compare routine  29 . Third, the sensing means takes samples  28  of the frequency provided by the capacitor circuit and sets the count. Fourth, the count is compared as at  29  to the baseline number and the sensing means activates the appropriate affirmative, warning, or stopping output, generally an LED or other sensible indicator, for viewing, or sensing, by the user. The program loops through the third and fourth steps as it continually samples the location of the clipper relative to the quick and also adjusts the LED. 
         [0061]    Then,  FIG. 14  shows the logic for establishing the baseline  27  that the clipper uses for detecting the quick of the nail. Here in the second subroutine, the processor turns on the LEDs  8  and the software and sensing means takes a sample of the count given by air, as at  28 A, that is not in the presence of a nail or the quick, and sets a baseline  27  number. The software then places the sensing means into a loop where the logic looks for a count greater, as at  29 , than the baseline to check that the sensing means was not zeroed on the nail or the quick. When a higher count is found, the establishment of the baseline is completed and the second subroutine stops. 
         [0062]    The sampling routine is further explained in  FIG. 14   a  where as before the LEDs are initialized as at  8  and allowed to warm-up for a certain time, as at  8   a.  The software and sensing means takes a sample of the count given by air, as at  28 , that is not in the presence of a nail or the quick. The sample is then checked for its voltage level, as at  28 B. Samples that have a low voltage are released and another sample is taken and the voltage is measured again. When a sample is above the low voltage, the processor sets the baseline  27  number and illuminates the red LED. 
         [0063]      FIG. 15  shows the software moving from the baseline into the third subroutine for sampling. The software includes a timer circuit  30  that guides the sample routine. To begin sampling, the software sets the timer to zero and then starts the timer. The sensing means then detects a discharge of the capacitor  7  in the preferred embodiment by seeking the first “0”, or zero as at  30   a,  from the circuit and then the first “1”, or one, as at  30   b.  The detection process repeats for a predetermined number of frequency oscillations  30   c  in the capacitor. Upon reaching the predetermined number, the timer is stopped as at  30   d  and the count becomes the elapsed time. 
         [0064]    Lastly,  FIG. 16  describes the logic in the software for illuminating the LEDs. In this fourth subroutine, the software compares  29  the count detected in the third subroutine to the baseline  27  found by the second subroutine. For counts less than the baseline as at  29   a,  the software illuminates an affirmative output or green LED. If the count is the same as the baseline at  29   b,  the software intermittently illuminates a warning output or yellow LED. And if the count exceeds the baseline, the software illuminates the stopping output or red LED as at  29   c.  The LEDs are positioned upon the clipper so that they may be readily seen by the user as previously shown in  FIG. 8 . 
         [0065]    Additionally, whenever power to the microchip or processor stops or is interrupted, the microchip resets itself. Upon restoration of power, the processing restarts from the beginning, including initializing and finding the baseline as previously described in  FIG. 13 . 
         [0066]    The present invention has been shown and described herein in what is considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment. It is recognized, however, that departures may be made there from within the scope of the invention and that obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art. 
         [0067]    Variations or modifications to the subject matter of this invention may occur to those skilled in the art of upon review of the development as explained herein. Such variations, if within the spirit of this development, are intended to be encompassing within the scope of any invention described herein. The description of the preferred embodiment, in addition to the illustration of this invention of the drawing, is done so for illustrative purposes only. 
         [0068]    From the aforementioned description, an animal nail clipper has been described. The animal nail clipper is uniquely capable of readily indicating the proximity of a clipper to the quick in an animal&#39;s nail. The animal nail clipper and its various components may be manufactured from many materials including but not limited to steel, aluminum, polymers, high density polyethylene HDPE, polypropylene PP, polyethylene terephalate ethylene PETE, polyvinyl chloride PVC, nylon, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, their alloys and composites.