Abstract:
A vapor fuel producing system for optimizing fuel efficiency including a vapor producing chamber, a controlled level of liquid fuel maintained in the chamber, agitation of the fuel to convert the liquid fuel to vapor, a temperature control for the fuel and thereby the fuel vapor, and a controlled input of ambient air to the fuel vapor to achieve a desired air to fuel mix throughout fuel demand of the engine, and conveyance of the mixture to the engine intake manifold.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to an engine, e.g., for propelling a vehicle, wherein the fuel for powering the engine is provided in vapor form. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Liquid fuel is known to be inefficient and there have been numerous attempts to utilize vaporized fuel as an alternative to liquid fuel. Many patents have been issued claiming benefits of vaporized fuel but liquid fuel remains the dominant form of fuel used for powering vehicle engines. 
     It is believed that a primary reason for the failure of vaporized fuel to function as an effective fuel for engines is the need to maintain a constant vapor composition matched to the particular engine and the vapor fuel varies in composition as a result of environmental variables. The present invention is directed to a means for controlling the variables to thereby provide the heretofore illusive benefit of vapor fuel efficiency. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Increased fuel efficiency is achieved by the more complete burning of hydrocarbons and can be detected by measuring the hydrocarbons that are emitted as a waste product found in an engine&#39;s exhaust. The lower the hydrocarbon (parts per million), the more efficient the fuel utilization. It is an objective of this invention to reduce the hydrocarbons present in the exhaust to less than five parts per million and preferably down to one or zero parts per million. 
     Liquid fuel, e.g., gasoline, can be readily converted to vapor through agitation and/or heating. The vapor, however, must be delivered to the combustion chamber of a piston driven engine in a proper air fuel mixture to achieve the desired efficiency. In a particular engine, that mixture may be in the order of 26-30 parts air to one part fuel. 
     The problem is in the maintenance of the desired composition. For example, assuming that a desired mixture of air to fuel is 30 to 1, assume further that in a particular fuel vaporization set up, the vapor derived therefrom is in the order of five parts air to one part fuel. Vapor drawn from this source has to be modified by the addition of air to achieve the 30 to 1 ratio. The proper balance can be achieved through the addition of a calculated volume of ambient air. However, as soon as there is a change, e.g., in temperature, the vapor composition will change and the air input has to accordingly be changed to maintain the desired 30 to 1 ratio. These variables are addressed by the present invention as follows: 
     In a preferred embodiment, a vaporization chamber about the size of an air filter is provided, e.g., having a diameter of about 12 inches and a depth of about 3 inches but including a dome shaped roof. A liquid gas inlet which is connected from the vehicle fuel tank to the chamber delivers gasoline to the chamber. Open and shut valves are provided to maintain a liquid fuel depth of, e.g., ⅜ inch in the bottom of the chamber. An air mixing, vapor conveying pipe enters the chamber and exits the chamber, the exit portion of the pipe adapted to connect directly to the intake manifold of an engine. Valves are provided on the tube for controlled input of air from the atmosphere, and of vapor from the chamber, e.g., air being introduced at the inlet end of the pipe and vapor being introduced as the pipe traverses the chamber interior. Such valving is designed to cooperatively intermix the air and vapor in a given ratio regardless of the vacuum pull from the air intake manifold, i.e., to accommodate variations in engine/vehicle speed. 
     Additional to the above is a coil that is located in the liquid fuel in the bottom ⅜ inch of the chamber. The coil selectively provides heating or cooling of the liquid fuel. A temperature probe connected to the heating and cooling coil controls the heating and cooling of the liquid fuel and thus enables a set temperature for the fuel, e.g., at 75 degrees Fahrenheit. 
     Thus, regardless of the outside temperature or whatever factors exist in the surrounding media, the temperature of the liquid fuel being vaporized is maintained at 75 degrees F. 
     The vaporization chamber can be readily mounted on a conventional engine in minutes without exceeding available space within the engine compartment (under the hood). The gas line of the vehicle is connected into the chamber and the mixing pipe outlet is connected into the engine&#39;s intake manifold. A conventional heating/cooling control is connected to the heating/cooling coil and the vehicle is ready to run at a far superior efficiency using vaporized fuel. 
     The invention and its benefits will be more fully understood and appreciated upon reference to the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment having reference to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is an exploded isometric view of a vapor composition control apparatus in accordance with the present invention; 
     FIG. 1A is a view taken on view lines  1 A— 1 A of FIG. 1 to illustrate the mixing pipe; 
     FIG. 2 is a side view of the assembled apparatus of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the apparatus as taken on view lines  3 — 3  of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 4 is a top view of the apparatus of FIG. 2; and 
     FIG. 5 is a sectional side view as taken on view lines  5 — 5  of FIG.  4 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     With reference to the drawings, chamber  10  as illustrated in FIGS. 1,  3  and  5  is cylindrical having a diameter of about 12 inches and a height (not including dome  12 ) of about 3 inches. A mixing valve  14  is provided at an outboard end  16  of L pipe  32 . L pipe  32  extends from the air inlet end  16  to the vapor fuel outlet end  18  (FIG.  5 ). The illustrated apparatus is intended to introduce a desired vapor fuel mixture directly into the intake manifold  22  and the otherwise conversion mechanism (e.g., the carburetor) of the vehicle between the fuel line  20  and the intake manifold  22  is replaced with chamber  10 . Accordingly, the outlet end  18  is connected directly into the intake manifold as shown. 
     The chamber  10  is sealed except for the inlet and outlet openings as explained herein. Liquid fuel, e.g., gasoline, from fuel line  20  is directed into the chamber  10  as indicated by arrow  21  in FIG.  3 . The liquid fuel is continuously under pressure to direct fuel into the chamber  10  and is controlled by fuel control module  24 . Three floats  25  are electronically connected to control module  24  to maintain the level of liquid fuel in chamber  10  at a prescribed height, e.g., ⅜ inch. Thus at all times the liquid fuel level inside the chamber is constant. It is, however, considered beneficial for ideal agitation (and thus vaporization) of the fuel that the fuel be constantly circulated through the chamber and fuel outlet line  28  (FIGS. 2 and 3) is provided for this purpose. 
     Provided inside the chamber and preferably within the height of the liquid fuel level is heating and cooling coil  26 . This coil is connected to a temperature control device  27  which is set to maintain the temperature of the liquid fuel in the chamber at a desired temperature, e.g., 75 degrees F. Quite simply, if the temperature of the liquid fuel falls below 75 degrees, the temperature control device  27  notes this discrepancy and the coil  26  heats the liquid fuel, and if the temperature exceeds 75 degrees, the coil  26  cools the liquid. Such control temperature devices are used for purposes such as controlling food product storage and the like and are readily available. 
     With the temperature of the liquid fuel at 75 degrees, the liquid fuel is rapidly vaporized and the remaining volume within the chamber (above the ⅜ inch depth of liquid fuel) is filled with vaporized fuel. The stabilization of this relationship is maintained by inherent pressure, that is, the chamber is sufficiently strong that if there is no outflow of the vaporized fuel, a pressure builds in the chamber and that pressure prevents further vaporization of the liquid fuel. It has been further determined that the chamber size (12 inches×3 inches with ⅜ inch liquid maintained at 75 degrees) generates sufficient vaporized fuel that a conventional vehicle engine that is run at highway speeds and when accelerating to highway speeds does not deplete the available vapor fuel in the chamber. 
     The conveyance of the desired mixture of vapor fuel and air is accomplished by the combination of L pipe  32  and scroll  36  shown assembled in FIG.  5  and in exploded view in FIG.  1 . The conveying L pipe  32  has a horizontal leg that is provided with holes  34 . A scroll  36  is inserted into the horizontal leg of pipe  32  and is rotatable relative to pipe  32  as indicated by arrow  38  in FIG.  1 . Slits  42  are provided in the scroll  36  and the position of the slits  42  relative to the holes  34  of the pipe  32  are arranged whereby the slits  42  can be rotated to totally close the passages from the holes to the slits, or are positioned at any position to let minimum to maximum communication there between. Thus, fuel vapor in the upper section of the chamber  10  (adjacent dome  12 ) is transmitted controllably through alignment of slits  42  and holes  34  to the interior of the pipe  32  and thus in communication with the intake manifold  22 . 
     Reference is now made to mixing valve  14  as illustrated in FIGS. 1,  2  and  5 . As will be noted, the dome  12  is provided with a configured shroud  44  that overlies the pipe  32 . As will be noted in FIG. 5, an air gap  46  is provided between the shroud  44  and pipe  32 . Affixed to the end of shroud  44  via bolt  29  extended through tabs  30  and  31  is a first configured plate  40  which allows passage of air to both the air gap  46  and the interior of scroll  36 . A bolt  41  (FIG. 5) passes through the centers of configured plates  40 ,  48 ,  50  and  52  to secure the plates together at their axes. Plates  40  and  50  are rotatably secured together (in non-rotation) via bolt  29  to fix the position of plate  50 . Plate  48  is rotatable about the axis  54  of bolt  41  whereby its configured slot  49  opens and closes the passage of air into air gap  46 . Plate  52  having openings  53  is rotated relative to plate  50  to open and close air flow into the scroll  36 . Additionally, plate  52  is secured to the scroll  36  via pin  37  being inserted into hole  55  of scroll  36  to simultaneously rotate the scroll and increase or decrease the passage of vapor fuel through holes  34  and slits  42 . 
     The Process 
     From the above, it will be understood that the valving components  14  are controlled by the rotative positioning of control plates  48  and  52  and these control plates are connected (connector  64 ,  66  in FIG. 2) to the engine throttle. (Note arms  60 ,  62  of plates  48  and  50  to facilitate the connection) Thus, as power is demanded of the engine via depression of the accelerator pedal, the plates  48  and  52  being connected to the accelerator pedal (mechanically as shown or electronically) will rotate the scroll  36  and the plate  48  to provide the increased volume of vapor/air mix to meet the vehicle fuel demands. 
     There is little variation in the air to vapor mix because the vapor component (fuel to air mix) is maintained constant. As long as there is a controlled consistent temperature maintained in the liquid fuel, the vapor component is substantially the same within the chamber  10  and consequently within the vapor drawn into the pipe  32  previously varied only by volume demand accommodated by the strategic opening and closing of the air inlets. Some variation may be experienced in the vapor composition within the chamber depending on the height above the liquid fuel level inside the chamber whereat the fuel vapor is drawn off and it has been determined that it is preferable to draw the vapor from the top of the chamber. The vapor composition is the lowest within or nearest the dome  12  and thus the valving ducts or ports are preferably located in the upper region of the chamber as shown. 
     It will be appreciated that a key to the efficiency of the above-described process is in the maintenance of the vapor composition emitted from the liquid fuel through the controlled temperature of the liquid fuel. Thus, once it is determined that fuel air mixture of the vapor produces the desired fuel efficiency (low or no carbohydrans lost through engine exhaust), that fuel air mixture needs to be maintained throughout the running of the engine. This is accomplished in the disclosed embodiment by (a) determining the desired fuel air mixture, (b) establishing air temperature control for the liquid fuel to be vaporized, (c) establishing the ambient air volume required for a given volume of the vaporized fuel, and (d) providing cooperative controls to insure the desired mix throughout the range of engine fuel demands. 
     It will be appreciated, however, that upon start up the temperature of the fuel in the chamber will be at ambient temperature. This is not a problem if the air temperature of the fuel is above the set temperature, i.e., above 75 degrees and the only result will be a somewhat less than efficient utilization of the fuel at start up. Should the temperature be below the desired temperature at start up and sufficiently below that temperature where the vapors are not sufficiently provided in the upper chamber volume to start the vehicle, it may be desirable to provide a heating mechanism much like that in use for starting diesel engines. 
     Those skilled in the art will conceive of many variations and modifications to accomplish the desired results based on the teachings of the above and such variations and modifications are anticipated by the terms used to define the invention. Accordingly, the terms are to be interpreted in their normal usage in the industry and particularly are not intended to be interpreted as means plus function elements.