Abstract:
The present application relates to storage-stable plastics additives which are prepared by cooling a mixture of  99.9  to 10% by weight of molten additive material and 0.1 to 90% by weight of crystalline additive material after a shaping process. 
     The shaping process is carried out by forcing the mixture out of a tool provided with die openings, and cooling can be carried out on a cooled conveyor belt. 
     Even after prolonged storage and/or handling, these plastics additives remain free-flowing and do not stick.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Plastics additives are additions to polymers which have a modifying and/or stabilizing action on the polymers. In addition to a chemical part structure in the molecule which is decisive for their function, as a general rule they have substituents with which the “compatibility” (for example solubility, diffusion properties, resistance to extraction and the like) of the additive with the polymeric matrix is regulated (literature: Gächter/Müller, Kunststoffadditive [Plastics Additives], 3rd edition 1990, Carl Hanser Verlag Munich, Vienna, page 33 et. seq.). The functional part of the molecule is also often regulated in its reactivity by very bulky chemical substituents (“sterically hindered phenols” as antioxidants, “sterically hindered amines” as light stabilizers). 
     These structural elements have the effect that crystallization of such additives during preparation often proceeds only with a delay and/or is incomplete and/or leads to several crystal modifications which can easily be converted into one another. This leads to wide melting ranges (instead of sharp crystallite melting points) or multiple melting points which merge into one another. 
     Immediately after preparation of a pulverulent handling form, this delayed crystallization and/or rearrangement of the less stable into more stable crystallite structures means that during storage and handling of the products in the course of time, crystallizates grow into the surfaces of particles in contact with them, which leads to mechanical adhesion, felting or caking of the material. The lumps formed in this way interfere considerably in the flow properties and the meterability of the additives, which makes the additive unsuitable for its use. The interference is particularly pronounced if the melting range is below 150° C. 
     Numerous attempts have been made to improve this property, for example the addition of highly disperse silicic acids or of metal stearates or oxides have been recommended, to powder the surface of the particles which tend to stick (literature: for example Degussa brochures from the pigments publication series: “Aerosil zur Verbesserung des Fliessverhaltens pulverförmiger Substanzen” [Aerosil for improving the flow properties of pulverulent substances], no. 31, 2nd edition 5/1978 and “Synthetische Kieselsäure als Flieβhilfsmittel und als Trägersubstanz”, [Synthetic silicic acid as a flow auxiliary and as a carrier substance], No. 31, 5th Edition, 5/1992]. One disadvantage of this method is the introduction of undesirable foreign substances into the actual additive. 
     The preparation of tablet-like, formulations of powder applying a high pressure has also been promoted. The additional working step, which makes the product more expensive and involves a risk of contamination due to mechanical abrasion, must be regarded as a serious disadvantage here. Solidification of the melt and subsequent grinding is also practised. A disadvantage here is that the end product felts and cakes readily under pressure (for example under the weight of a stack of pallets during transportation in summer) and has a high dust content. Spray cooling from the melt has also been proposed, but this involves the disadvantage of very poor control of the crystallization and often very pronounced tendency to caking. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,578,021 describes a machine, with the aid of which granules of uniform size can be prepared, so that subsequent grinding becomes superfluous, from a two-phase mixture comprising a melt and crystal seeds via a drop former with subsequent cooling. The formation of deposits and encrustations in the drop former customary to date is avoided in this process. 
     The object of the present invention was to provide additives for plastics which, without addition of foreign substances, are still free-flowing and readily meterable even after relatively long storage and handling. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It has now been found that the tendency of such additives to cake can be eliminated, the meterability and the flow and transportation properties can be improved considerably and the formation of dust or abraded material can be greatly reduced by plastics additives by cooling a mixture of 99.9 to 10% by weight of molten additive material and 0.1 to 90% by weight of crystalline additive material after a shaping process. 
     By changing the content of crystalline substance, the viscosity of the mixture can be varied within wide limits and adapted to the requirements of the shaping process. The end product is formed here in its stable crystal modification and undergoes no further rearrangement leading to felting of the particles. The end product is formed in a defined, uniform particle size (for example from 0.1 to 10 mm) which can be adjusted in a controlled manner within wide limits by varying the melt viscosity and the shaping process. 
     The plastics additives according to the invention can advantageously be prepared by employing a mixture of 9.5 to 25% by weight of molten additive material and 0.5 to 75% by weight of crystalline additive material. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Plastics additives prepared by employing a mixture of 90 to 30% by weight of molten additive material and 10 to 70% by weight of crystalline additive material are also particularly suitable. 
     Plastics additives which are prepared by employing a mixture of 70 to 50% by weight of molten additive material and 30 to 50% by weight of crystalline additive material are particularly preferred. 
     The rapid cooling of the mixture can preferably be carried out on a cooled conveyor belt. 
     Forcing the mixture out of a tool provided with die openings (perforated die) has proved to be a particularly suitable shaping process. 
     Shaping processes which can be employed are, for example: 
     forcing the mixture out of a cylindrical die arrangement by means of a choker bar 
     forcing the mixture out of a cylindrical die arrangement with internal toothing and a die bore in the tooth base by an internal toothed wheel 
     forcing the mixture out of a cylindrical die arrangement with internal bores and a die bore in the bore base by a stamp 
     forcing the mixture through a flat perforated plate by means of edge runners 
     forcing the mixture through a flat perforated plate by means of an extruder 
     passing through a perforated plate by rotating rolls 
     extrusion with an extruder (single- or twin-screw extruder) 
     pressing out through a mouthpiece of a stapling press provided with several die openings 
     pressing out through a pipe die provided with numerous die openings by means of a stripper doctor blade 
     As a result of the content of crystalline he ten material, easier temperature regulation is achieved, since on cooling, the crystals which increasingly separate out counteract the reduction in temperature by their heat of crystallization, and vice versa. 
     Plastics additives on which the process according to the invention can be used successfully are, inter alia, additives from the class of UV stabilizers, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, lubricants, antistatics, adhesion promoters, agents which impart compatibility, dispersing auxiliaries, acid scavengers, metal deactivators, peroxide scavengers, processing stabilizers, nucleating agents, optical brighteners, slip agents, antidew agents and flameproofing agents. 
     Particularly suitable examples are, inter alia, 2-hydroxy4-n-octoxybenzophenone, lauric acid diethanolamide, glycerol mono-, di- and tristearate and mixtures of these glycerol stearates, dioctadecyl sulfide, mixtures of dialkyl mono-, di- and polysulfides, distearyl thiodipropionate, dilauryl thiodipropionate, bisstearoylethylenediamine, pentaerythrityl tetrakis-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, tetrakis-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenyl) 4,4′-biphenylenediphosphonite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, di(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin4-yl) sebacate and bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol disphosphite. 
    
    
     The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without limiting it: 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     A slurry of a melt of 95% by weight of 2-hydroxy4-n-octoxybenzophenone mixed with 5% by weight of crystalline substance is forced through a perforated die of 1.0 mm diameter, onto a cooled metal belt running past, in the region of its melting point, using a choker bar. Drops are formed which crystallize immediately on lying on the belt and can be stripped off at the end of the belt as solid, dust-free particles with a non-tacky surface. 
     EXAMPLES 2-7 
     The experiment from Example 1 is repeated, 1, 10, 30, 50 and 75% by weight of crystallized powder of the same 2-hydroxy4-n-octoxybenzophenone being admixed to the melt. All the particles which have solidified are dust-free and non-tacky. 
     EXAMPLE 8 (COMPARISON) 
     The experiment from Example 1 is repeated, no crystallized pulverulent substance being admixed to the product melt. 
     The drops on the cooled belt have only partly solidified and stick at the end of the belt. 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     Various chemicals which are used as a plastics additive are dropped onto a cooled belt and removed at the end in accordance with Example 1, in each case 50% by weight of crystallized substance being admixed. They are tested for their tackiness and tendency to cake as follows: 
     In each case a glass muff which stands with one open end on a flat substrate and has a diameter of 5.2 cm and a height of 10 cm is filled with in each case 50 g of the formulated substance and pressure is applied from the top with an area pressure of 0.93 N/cm 2  by placing a weight on top. The entire arrangement is kept in a heating cabinet at elevated temperature for 24 hours. The pressure of a stack of pallets during transportation under summer temperature conditions is simulated in this manner. For comparison, in each case goods which have been prepared with addition of crystalline contents to the melt during the shaping operation are used for comparison. The expenditure of force with which the bulk product can be crushed back into the individual particles after removal of the enveloping glass muff is evaluated. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Stor- 
                   
               
               
                   
                 age 
               
               
                   
                 temp. 
                 Expenditure 
               
               
                 Product 
                 ° C. 
                 of force for separation 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Dropped from 
                 Dropped from 
               
               
                   
                   
                 a mixture of 
                 the pure melt 
               
               
                   
                   
                 crystal slurry/ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 melt 
               
               
                 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octoxy 
                 40 
                 Disintegrates 
                 High expendi- 
               
               
                 benzophenone 
                   
                 when touched 
                 ture of force, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 few solid 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 lumps 
               
               
                 Lauric acid diethanolamide 
                 35 
                 Disintegrates 
                 Very high ex- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 when touched 
                 penditure of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 force, few 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 lumps 
               
               
                 Mixture of glycerol mono-, di- 
                 40 
                 Disintegrates 
                 High expendi- 
               
               
                 and tristearate 
                   
                 when touched 
                 ture of force 
               
               
                 Dioctadecyl disulfide 
                 40 
                 Disintegrates 
                 Very high ex- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 immediately 
                 penditure of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 force 
               
               
                 Distearyl thiodipropionate 
                 40 
                 Disintegrates 
                 Can be sepa- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 immediately 
                 rated with ex- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 penditure of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 force, lumpy 
               
               
                 Dilauryl thiodipropionate 
                 35 
                 Disintegrates 
                 High expendi- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 under gentle 
                 ture of force, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 pressure 
                 large lumps 
               
               
                 Bisstearoylethylene diamine 
                 40 
                 Disintegrates 
                 Moderate ex- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 when touched 
                 penditure of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 force, 
               
               
                 Pentaerythrityl tetrakis-3-(3,5-di- 
                 40 
                 Disintegrates 
                 High expendi- 
               
               
                 tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)- 
                   
                 immediately 
                 ture of force 
               
               
                 propionate 
               
               
                 Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- 
                 40 
                 Disintegrates 
                 High expendi- 
               
               
                 hydroxyphenyl)propionate 
                   
                 when touched 
                 ture of force, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 lumpy 
               
               
                 Tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-phen- 
                 35 
                 Disintegrates 
                 Very high ex- 
               
               
                 yl)-4,4′-biphenylenediphos- 
                   
                 when touched 
                 penditure of 
               
               
                 phonite (technical grade isomer 
                   
                   
                 force, few 
               
               
                 mixture) 
                   
                   
                 lumps 
               
               
                 Distearyl pentaerythritol 
                 40 
                 Disintegrates 
                 High expendi- 
               
               
                 diphosphite 
                   
                 immediately 
                 ture of force, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 large lumps 
               
               
                 Bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenyl) 
                 40 
                 Disintegrates 
                 Moderate ex- 
               
               
                 pentaerythritol diphosphite 
                   
                 immediately 
                 penditure of 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 force 
               
               
                 Ethylene glycol bis-3,3-(4- 
                 40 
                 Disintegrates 
                 Moderate ex- 
               
               
                 hydroxy-3-tert-butylphenyl) 
                   
                 immediately 
                 penditure of 
               
               
                 butyrate 
                   
                   
                 force 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 10 
     A slurry of 2-hydroxy4-n-octoxybenzophenone comprising 90% by weight of melt mixed with 10% by weight of crystalline substance is dropped through a rotating cylindrical die plate with internal toothing and die bores in the tooth base through a toothed wheel onto a cooled metal belt running past below the dies. The drops solidify and are stripped off at the end of the belt. A heat storage experiment according to Example 9 results in bulk material which disintegrates immediately when touched. 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     The experiment from Example 10 is repeated, the rotating cylindrical die plate having internal bores with additional die bores in the bore base. The substance is dropped through the dies onto the cooled metal belt running past by a stamp (e.g. triggered mechanically by a cam). The drops solidify and are stripped off at the end of the belt. Storage under heat as in Example 9 again gives a bulk material which disintegrates immediately. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     A slurry of 2-hydroxy4-n-octoxybenzophenone comprising 25% by weight of molten substance and 75% by weight of crystalline substance is forced through a flat perforated plate by means of edge runners. The product is cut off with a stripper blade and falls onto a cooled metal belt. The completely crystallized made-up material is stripped off at the end of the belt. A heat storage experiment according to Example 9 gives a bulk material which disintegrates again immediately.