Abstract:
A muscular memory training apparatus and method of the present invention is used for training basketball players to shoot a ball to a ring from fixed distances. The apparatus provides numerous advantages including improved training aid and method that teaches the players in a correct manner of making a shot with a basketball, develops muscular memory of the body joints and muscles for proper execution of a basketball shot and makes higher percentage of hitting the goal.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
     The invention relates to apparatus and methods for sports training, and more particularly to apparatus and method for analyzing a trajectory of an object launched by a human to target and providing feedback information regarding the trajectory of its flight to the human. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Sports play important part in our life. Sports are played professionally and recreationally. It is very important to develop skills in playing these sports not only to provide winning results for teams that people play for but also for personal satisfaction. In the game of basketball, for example, the primary skill that determines the success of the team or the individual is the art of proper shooting of the ball. By the way of background, numerous coaches worldwide have researched their teaching methods extensively in order to find the correct way to properly shoot a basketball. From amateurs to professionals, using a device that teaches proper biomechanical release of a basketball will result in higher success and excitement for the game of basketball. Biomechanical movement is directly related to the success of the basketball shot. In order to shoot a basketball for a high percentage, a player needs to use the correct body joints, and muscles attached, together as one unit. Incorporating the least amount of body joints (and muscles) will result in increased muscle memory retention and less chance for biomechanical errors. 
     According to numerous researches done, the most important biomechanical aspect for proper shooting is a proper release at the wrist joint, and the elimination of finger flexion at finger joints. There are many different games of skill played by human for recreational and competitive purposes. Whether the game is played recreationally or professionally, players generally desire to improve their skills to increase their success at the game. There are many approaches that the player may take to improve their performance. These approaches include reading books, watching videotapes, receiving lessons/coaching, practicing and utilizing training devices. 
     Past prior art devices unfortunately disregard this important concept, resulting in performance issues regarding the kinetic chain principle of shooting movements. Numerous prior art training devices were taught by U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,854,669 to Marty et al, 5,599,016 to Larkin, 5,813,926 to Vance, and 6,712,722 to Mosley. The U.S. Pat. No. 5,599,016 to Larkin, for example, teaches a muscle memory basketball training aid and method is provided. The training aid includes a pair of base assemblies and a rectangular frame detachably coupled to the base assemblies. The frame includes a pair of shooting bars and a pair of end bars detachably coupled to the shoot bars. A pair of extension members are detachably coupled to the base assemblies and to the frame. A locking device is provided that enables longitudinal adjustment of the extension members relative to the base assemblies, for adjusting the height of the frame assembly relative to the base assemblies. The locking device enables each extension member to be adjusted independently of the other, so that the frame assembly may extend obtusely above the base assemblies, to accommodate plural users of different heights. The training aid is implemented by adjusting the frame assembly to a predetermined height, determined by adjusting the extension members, until the shooting bar extends parallel to a user&#39;s wrist, when the user&#39;s shooting arm is extended into a finished shooting position. The user is positioned under the opening in the frame and provided with a basketball. The user projects the basketball through the opening in the frame, such that the arm changes from an initial position to the finished shooting position, projecting the basketball towards a target. The motion is repeated to establish muscle-memory of the muscles in the user&#39;s shooting arm and the associated muscles, to train the muscles associated with shooting the basketball. 
     The U.S. Pat. No. 5,813,926 to Vance teaches a basketball free throw training apparatus has a frame having a top horizontal bar. The horizontal bar is adjustably mounted for vertical positioning on the frame, so that the bar can be raised in a horizontal position with respect to the frame and with respect to the floor upon which the frame is mounted. A pair of upstanding closely spaced guide bars extends upwardly from the bar and have a horizontal space therebetween sufficiently wide to permit a basketball to freely pass therebetween. The frame has an extended arm thereon which can be pivoted to a horizontal position and which can extend between the frame and the backboard of a basket so that the frame is accurately positioned from the basket based upon the stature and shooting technique of the user of the equipment. This arm is length adjustable so as to accommodate the spacing requirements of persons of different stature and skill. The method of using the foregoing equipment comprises positioning the frame in front of a basketball basket in spaced relation thereto; raising the bar to a height commensurate with the high point of the shooting trajectory of the person using the equipment, and spacing the bar horizontally from a basket a distance equal to the distance required for a basketball shot by a person to fall from the high point of the trajectory through the basket. 
     The U.S. Pat. No. 6,712,722 to Mosley teaches a basketball shot training device including a platform having a lower surface and an upper surface. The lower surface is positionable on a flat recipient surface. The upper surface receives a practicing player&#39;s feet thereon in a standing orientation. A tether is provided having a first end and a second end. The first end is adjustably secured to the platform. A glove is coupled with the second end of the tether. The glove has an opening therein for receiving a hand of the practicing player therein. The device is capable of detecting the angle and position of the glove following a shot to ascertain whether a shot was properly executed with the requisite “follow-through”. 
     The U.S. Pat. No. 7,854,669 to Marty teaches a basketball free throw training apparatus has a non-intrusive machine vision system that remotely detects trajectories of moving objects may be used to evaluate trajectory parameters for a basketball shot at a basketball hoop by a player. The feedback information, such as a trajectory entry angle into the basketball hoop and/or an entry velocity into the hoop for the shot, may be output to the player in an auditory format using a sound projection device. The information provided by the apparatus to the player is not connected with the movements of the player throwing the ball at the moment, which determine the trajectory of the ball and its elements, which are controlled by the player. These elements are the place of release the ball from the hands of the player throwing the angle and speed of the ball. One of the main reasons why the ball misses the ring are throwing errors, and non repeatable movement. A muscle memory can not be created in this case because the large spread of uncontrolled movements. A muscle memory can be created under the control of movements in the time of the throw, and repeated shot along one trajectory and one set of movements. 
     One drawback of these devices is that typically they are applied in a manner that departs from the actual play of the sport. The departure from normal playing conditions can limit the effectiveness of the device. For instance, training devices can be used that are attached to a player to help them develop a prescribed trajectory control skill. However, these training devices are not used in the actual play of the game and can be a distraction to the player employing the device. 
     Another drawback of current training devices is that the player is not provided any feedback that they can use to evaluate their performance or the feedback can be quite detached from the training experience. When a player receives a lesson or coaching, another person watches their performance and can provide immediate feedback that is valuable to the player. With current training devices, the player uses the device and then later can attempt to judge their performance based upon whether they perceive an improvement in their actual play of the game. However, when the player is using the device improperly or training in a less than optimal manner, the devices do not provide any objective feedback that the player can use to evaluate their performance. 
     Therefore, there is an opportunity and a constant need for improved training devices and methods that allow the player to improve their trajectory skills for games requiring such skills where the training devices are operable in an environment that approximates actual playing conditions, simple to set-up and to operate, develop good muscle memory, and provide immediate and objective feedback to the user of the device. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In general, an inventive system of the present invention presents a muscular memory training apparatus and method of the present invention is used in basketball. The apparatus adaptable for detecting moving object, such as a ball, moving through a sensor system, analyzing a trajectory of object and providing immediate feedback information to a human that has launched the object into flight. The apparatus and method of the present invention allows the player to improve their trajectory skills for games requiring such skills where the apparatus is operable in an environment that approximates actual playing conditions, simple to set-up and to operate, develop good muscular memory, and provide immediate and objective feedback to the user of the apparatus. 
     The scientists have noted, that a man makes two types of motions:—controlled by brain,—not controlled by brain. Not controlled motions are repeating motions, controlled by muscular memory. These motions exclude choice, doubt and therefore are exact. Good examples of these motions are walking, using pedals for driving car, and another. This method is specifically designed for training a basketball player to practice and perfect the correct shooting technique. Apparatus counts average trajectory and its elements from 10 the best shots and it will be base for following training. Repetition of the correct shooting form will force the human muscles to memorize the correct motions and automatic skill in the proper form through feedback enhanced learning. The player&#39;s brain puts together the correct motion along with the three elements of the ball flight during the shot. These elements are: place of disengaging ball, angle of throwing, and velocity. This combination of elements and motions must be fine tuned by the player and memorized by the human brain and muscles. Transfer memory of motions from brain to muscular memory is possible by multiple repetitions one only set of motions. The feedback the brain to result of shot is necessary. The better work is light-sound system that makes different react on result of shot and makes active reaction of player. It is irritating of player when shot is bad and sedative when shot is good. It also friendly prompts to player what and how he does not to do in next shot. Player must respond to this advice and change his motions as require. Maximum concentration to shots is necessary. Nothing should disturb player in this procedure. 
     Multiple repetitions of the best shots create muscular memory that is the memory that works without using the conscious centers of the brain. This moment will be noted that shots will make confidently, without thinking about action, aiming preparation, with high percentage of goal. This is the main purpose of method. Conversely, in the absence of muscle memory player, a strong desire to make effective throw, nervous excitement, doubt and uncertainty in the time of the throw makes the brain active and destroy the coordination of movements that lead to failure. For example, NBA players are doing 30-40% hit shots from beyond the arc (3P) during the game. That is, they can not repeat the movement of successful shots. The worlds greatest free throw shooter Fred Newman setting a World Record by making 209 three pointers in a row. This is a work of muscular memory. Multiple repetitions of these shots consolidate muscular memory of these motions. The physiology of the brain suggests that after several hundred repetitions (300-600) of the complicated motions during the training period, the motion begins to become automatic or controlled by muscular memory. A player can turn 500 shots within 40-50 minutes. Periodic training is necessary to keep active muscular memory. Frequency and duration of training depends on personal capability of player. The best result of the use of muscle memory will be created if it is to throw on a trajectory that has the high efficiency of getting into the ring, the trajectory with a maximum hit probability. With the help of computer graphics and engineering of AutoCAD, the trajectory of the ball entering in the ring for free throws and shots from beyond the arc-3P shots for players of different heights and different angles of quitting can be constructed and presented to be analized. 
     By analyzing the various elements of the trajectories, possible and inevitable deviations in throwing their influence, were found trajectory with the maximum probability of hitting and be recommended for use by players. The entire trajectory of the ball in the ring can be characterized by the following elements at the time of throwing: the position of the place the ball release from the hands of the player&#39;s as such distance to the ring and height (H), the angle of the ball in the initial section, or throwing angle (A), the speed of the ball in the initial section (T). The player can easy control elements of the trajectory at the time of the throw. This becomes more accessible, if the player knows the magnitude and direction of the trajectory deviations of elements previous shot from the baseline values of elements of the average trajectory. Player needs to know what and how he should fix in the next shot, if he needs it. The player does not need to know the absolute values of elements of the path and make the necessary calculations for the next shot. The player must know that in the previous shot was done right or wrong, and how and what to change. 
     It is enough to know the magnitude and direction of deviation. Information about the quality of shot will be executed as a clear and understandable if it would look as a mnemonic of color, light character of the deviations of the elements performed by the throw. This is a schematic trajectory of the ball in the ring with green characters on the basic elements of this curve and the yellow and red symbols abnormalities. Information on each shot of the melody is accompanied by a different duration for the green and yellow symbols and cacophony—for red characters. For those who prefer numbers, the system can present numerical values of the deviations of height and angle of release of the ball drop. Suggested theoretical trajectory with a maximum hit probability, the effectiveness of which will be confirmed a few throws, will be improved if we make the average trajectory and its elements, such as arithmetical mean values of the trajectories of the top 10 throws made for a suggested path or with minor deviations from its height and angle of release of the ball drop. 
     The average trajectory and its elements will be the basis for subsequent training, implementation of which will be mandatory for the strides of the player. The apparatus fully supports this method. The apparatus is installed between the player and the ring, at the place of release of the ball from the hands of the player throwing the ball in the ring and on the angle of flying the ball. After the guaranteed release the ball from the hands of the player front surface of the ball should enter the sensitive plane of the apparatus at the inlet of the apparatus, and then, after some time, enter in the sensitive plane at the exit from the apparatus. In this case, the center of the ball should fly through the line of the axis of rotation of the sensitive frame and a single ray detectors at the entrance and exit from the apparatus. Apparatus and sensitive frame installed and secured on-site for training in place appropriate physical data of player, and this installation of apparatus fix and memorize by two linear scales, and one angular scale of apparatus. This is the distance from the line on the floor throwing up on the floor of the projection line of the axis of rotation of the sensitive frame (12″-36″), the height of the axis of rotation of the sensitive frame from flow (90″-125″); angle of sensitive frame to the horizon (35 deg.-55 deg.) 
     After installation of the apparatus, its sensitive system determines the following parameters such as the height of entry the ball in the apparatus from bottom blocked beam of sensitive array; angle of ball flight as the difference between the numbers of the first from bottom blocked beams of sensitive array at the entrance to the ball in the apparatus and the exit of the ball from it. The system further determines speed of flight of the ball is an actual time of the flight of the ball between the moment when the ball enters the beams of the single sensors as the ball enters the apparatus and exits the apparatus. 
     Alluding to the above and as described in details, the apparatus for training skills and developing the muscular memory of a person shooter engaged in an activity wherein the person shooter is trying to develop the muscular memory in order to improve the skills at aiming hitting an object at a target and by sending an object from an isolated point settled distances to the target includes a holding frame moveable platform presenting a base movable to and from the isolated point settled distances relative the target. A sensing frame device is connected to and extends from the holding frame moveable platform and is movable relative the holding frame moveable platform at least two directions. The sensing frame presents a first set of an emitter and a receiver for emitting and receiving array of light invisible photoelectric beams and a second set of an emitter and a receiver for emitting and receiving array of invisible photoelectric beams with the first set and the second set being spaced from one another along and positioned on a rigid sensing frame being movable to up and down and from the base at various angles defined between the base and the rigid sensing frame. 
     An indicator device is connected to the holding frame moveable platform is adaptable to inform the person shooter about location of the object thrown by the person shooter in relationship to the target trajectory of flight object and the first and second sets wherein the person shooter is informed in at least one of numerical indication, voice indication, and color indication. A controller is operably communicated with the first and second sets to receive information therefrom about trajectory of the object as the object is disengaged from the person shooter and enters the target apparatus whereby the controller receives a first data related to orientation of the object relative to the array of the first set as the object enters the array of the first set and the single sensing device adjacent the first set and a second data related to an angle of travel path of the object defined between a point when the object enters the first set and leave the second set and a third data related to time of travel of the object as the object enters the first set and leaves the second set to calculate data of the average trajectory from 10 best shots and determine deviation of data of current shot from an average data and informing the person shooter through the indicator device about deviation of data of current shot in at least one of numerical indication, voice indication, and color indication. The apparatus improves skills of sending the object directly to the target and developing muscular memory of the person shooter. 
     The apparatus includes a pair of singular sensor devices for emitting and receiving a single invisible photoelectric beam adjacent each of the first and second sets with the single invisible photoelectric beam extending in parallel with the arrays of invisible photoelectric beams emitted and received by each of the first and second sets. The apparatus includes a timer device communicated with the controller and the pair of single sensor devices for measuring time defined between a first point as the object enters the first set and passes adjacent and through the single invisible photoelectric beam at the first set and a second point as the object enters the second set and passes adjacent and through the single invisible photoelectric beam at the second set. The first set array is electronically connected to a first MAC controller for scanning the beams of the first set array and the second set array is electronically connected to a second MAC controller for scanning the beams of the second set array to determine number of the beams blocked by the object and with the first MAC controller and the second MAC controller being cooperable with the controller. 
     The apparatus includes a programmable logistic controller device (PLC) of the controller cooperable with the first and second sets MACs and the single sensor devices to receive information about blocked beams of the first and second sets as the object enters the first and second sets and output the data in the form of two digits thereby comparing the time and the two digits to determine the trajectory. The PLC compares the average data with data of each shot other than the average data thereby determining deviations and outputting the deviations to an information panel of said indicator device and then selectively presenting the data to the person shooter via colored light-emitting diodes (LED) and sounds thereby helping the person to properly react on next shot. The apparatus includes an operator panel allowing the person to input personal information. 
     An advantage of the present invention is to provide an improved training aid and method that teaches the body joints and muscles in a correct manner of making a shot with a basketball without restrictive devices. 
     Another advantage of the present invention is to provide an improved training aid and method that develops muscular memory of the body joints and muscles for proper execution of a basketball shot. 
     Still another advantage of the present invention is to provide an improved training aid and method that is adaptable for different size users. 
     Still another advantage of the present invention is to provide an improved training aid that is movable. 
     Still another advantage of the present invention is to provide an improved training aid that comprises component parts that are detachable for facile storage and transportation of the aid. 
     Other advantages and meritorious features of this invention will be more fully understood from the following description of the preferred embodiment, the appended claims, and the drawings a brief description of which follows. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Other advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
         FIG. 1  shows a schematic view of a person throwing a basketball from an isolated point to a basket wherein the ball enters a crossing surface A and passing through a crossing surface B; 
         FIG. 2  shows a schematic view of a plurality of trajectory lines between place of disengaging of the ball and the basket further illustrating an average trajectory line defined between place of disengaging of the ball and the basket; 
         FIG. 3  shows a perspective view of a training apparatus of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  shows a perspective and schematic view of the sensing device of the apparatus of the present invention as shown in  FIG. 3  with a schematics of all operative components associated with the sensing device; 
         FIG. 5  shows another schematic view basketball entering the crossing surface A and passing through the crossing surface B; 
         FIG. 6  shows a schematic view of the person located next to the apparatus of the present invention wherein the person is in the process of throwing the basketball from the isolated point to the basket wherein the basketball enters the crossing surface A and passing through the crossing surface B; and 
         FIG. 7  shows a schematic view of the operational components of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 through 7 , wherein like numerals indicate like or corresponding parts, an apparatus of the present invention is generally shown at  100  in  FIG. 3  and partially in  FIG. 4 . Based on various designs and intended industrial applications, the apparatus  100  of the present invention can perform various functions and can be used as a training tool for developing a muscular memory in various sport activities that require sending a object, such as a basketball  22  to a target location, such as a ring  24  as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a crossing surface A and a crossing surface B, shown at  2  and  4 , respectively, and a player holding the ball  22 . The player may extend between two different initial height  6  and  8 , when the player throws the ball  22 .  FIG. 1  further defines an angle of throwing A 1  shown at  11 , a trajectory  12 , another angle of throwing A 2 , shown at  13 , and trajectorie  16 , a velocity of flying V 1 , a trajectory  18 , and another velocity of flying V 2 .  FIG. 2  shows an average trajectory  26  as it extends from place of disengaging  21  of the ball  22  to the ring  24 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 3 ,  4  and  6 , the apparatus  100  is used for training skills and developing the muscular memory of the person shooter engaged in an activity wherein the person shooter is trying to develop the muscular memory in order to improve the skills at aiming and hitting the object  22  at the target  24  and by sending the object  22  from an isolated point  190  settled distances to the target  24 . The apparatus  100  includes caster wheels  102 , a vertical rectangular form pole  104 , a second telescoping rectangular tube  106 , and a clamp  108  to allow the tube  106  to telescopic move relative the pole  104  at various heights. The caster wheels  102  are connected to a platform  110  that also holds the pole  104  extending outwardly therefrom. 
     A tape measure  111  extends from the platform  110  to fix a position of the player relative the frame  110 . The tube  106  also includes a linear scale  112  to determine the heights a pivot point  116  in inches as the tube  106  is moved away from the tube  104 . The apparatus  100  includes a U-form bracket  114 , a sensing frame  135  with a mini-array measuring light screen systems  134   a  and  134   b  having emitter and receiver for emitting photoelectric set of beams  119   a  and  119   b  and a singular sensors, mini beam photoelectric set of sensors (emitters and receivers)  118   a  and  118   b  for emitting photoelectric a single beams  136   a  and  136   b , wherein the beam  136   a  and beams  119   a  are blocked by the ball  22  thereby defining first blocked beam  133  as the ball  22  form a trajectory  122 . A pair of pulleys  124  and counterbalances  125  extending through a plastic housing or cover  126 . The apparatus  100  also includes a support frame  128 , a clamp  130  for securing degree of angle A. A linear scale  132  controls degree of angle A. 
     A controllers such as for example, MAC-1, are shown at  140  and are used for scanning the beams of arrays. A timer  138  is also included in the apparatus  100 . A box of info panel is shown at  142 , a sound generating device is shown at  144 . An enclosure  150  covers the box  151 . The box  151  includes a switch  146  and a receptacle  148  and power supply, controllers MACs  140  and programmable logistic controller (PLC)  70  are inside. A power cable  152  extends from the electrical enclosure  150 . A post  154  is connected to the movable platform  110  and interconnects the platform  110  with a handrail  156 . The apparatus also includes a gear and rack mechanism  158  for changing angle of sensing frame  135  and an operator panel  160 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4 , a perspective and schematic view of the sensing device of the apparatus  100  of the present invention as shown in  FIG. 3  are illustrated.  FIG. 4  also illustrates a schematic view of all operative components associated with the sensing device of the apparatus  100 . 
     An indicator device having the info panel  80  to inform the person shooter about location of the object  22  thrown by the person shooter in relationship to the target trajectory of flight of the object  22 . The person shooter is informed in at least one of numerical indication. A digital displays of deviation are shown at  163 ,  169 ,  182  and  184 . Red LED deviation of height are shown at  164  and  168 . A yellow LED deviation of height are shown at  165  and  167 . A green LED height is base and shown at  166 . A digital displays of height deviation are shown at  163  and  169 . Red LED deviation of angle are shown at  171  and  175 . Yellow LED deviation of angle are shown at  172  and  174 . A green LED angle is base and shown at  173 . Digital displays of angle deviation are shown at  182  and  184 . 
     Red LED deviation of time are shown at  176  and  180 . Yellow LED deviation of time are shown at  177  and  179 . A green LED time is base and shown at  178 . Those skilled in art will appreciate that colors such as “Red”, “Yellow”, and “Green” are shown for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Multiple other colors may be used in order to show the person different degrees of deviations of time, height, and angle. 
     Referring back to  FIGS. 3 ,  4  and  6 , the apparatus  100  that includes a holding frame  104 ,  106  with moveable platform  110  presenting the base movable to and from the isolated point  190  settled distances relative the target  24 . The sensing frame device  30  connected to and extending from the holding frame  104  and  106  extending from the moveable platform  110  and movable relative the holding frame moveable platform at least two directions. 
     The sensing frame  30  presenting a first set of an emitter and a receiver  134   a  for emitting and receiving array of light invisible photoelectric beams  119   a  and a second set of an emitter and a receiver  134   b  for emitting and receiving array of invisible photoelectric beams  119   b . Each first set and second set  134   a  and  134   b  are spaced from one another along and positioned on a rigid sensing frame  135  being movable to up and down, and from the base at various angles defined between the base and the rigid sensing frame  30  as shown by arrows X and Y. The U-form bracket  114  and the support frame  128  are also connected to the rigid sensing frame  135 . 
     The controllers defined by the aforementioned programmable logistic controller (PLC)  70  and the controllers MAC  1   a  and  1   b  as shown at  140   a  and  140   b  operably communicated with the first and second sets  134   a  and  134   b  and the singular sensors  118   a  and  118   b  to receive information therefrom about trajectory of the object  22  as the object is disengaged from the person shooter and flying to the target  24 . 
     The controller receives a first data related to the height as orientation of the object  22  relative to the array of the first set as the object  22  enters the array  119   a  of the first set  134   a  and a second data related to an angle of travel path of the object  22  defined between a point when the object  22  enters into the array of the first set  134   a  and enters into the array of the second set  134   b  and a third data related to time of travel of the object  22  as the object  22  enters the beam  136   a  of the first the single sensing device  118   a  and enters the beam  136   b  of the second the single sensing device  118   b.    
     The controller calculates data of the average trajectory from multiple best shots and determine deviation of data of current shot from an average data and informing the person shooter through the indicator device  80  about deviation of data of a current shot in at least one of numerical indication, voice indication, and color indication thereby improving skills of sending the object directly to the target and developing muscular memory of the person shooter. 
     The pair of singular sensor devices  118   a  and  118   b  for emitting and receiving the single invisible photoelectric beams  136   a  and  136   b  adjacent each of the first and second sets  134   a  and  134   b  with the single invisible photoelectric beams  136   a  and  136   b  extending in parallel with the arrays of invisible photoelectric beams  119   a  and  119   b  emitted and received by each of the first and second sets  134   a  and  134   b . The apparatus  100  further includes a timer device  138  communicated with said controller  70  and the pair of single sensor devices  118   a  and  118   b  for measuring time defined between a first point as the object  22  enters the first set  134   a  and passes adjacent and through the single invisible photoelectric beam  136   a  at the first set and a second point as the object  22  enters the second set and passes adjacent and through the single invisible photoelectric beam  136   b  at the second set  134   b.    
     Alluding to the above, the first set of array  134   a  is electronically connected to the first MAC controller  140   a  for scanning the beams of the first set array  134   a  and the second set of array  134   b  is electronically connected to the second MAC controller  140   b  for scanning the beams of the second set array to determine numbers of the first blocked beams  133  by the object  22 . The first MAC controller  140   a  and the second MAC controller  140   b  are cooperable with the controller having the programmable logistic controller device (PLC)  70  also cooperable with the first and second sets of MAC controllers  140   a  and  140   b  and the single sensor devices  118   a  and  118   b  to receive information about blocked beams of the first and second sets  134   a  and  134   b ,  118   a  and  118   b  as the object  22  enters the first and second sets  134   a  and  134   b ,  118   a  and  118   b  and output the data in the form of two digits thereby comparing the time and the two digits to determine the trajectory. 
     The PLC  70  to compares the average data with data of each shot thereby determining deviations and outputting the deviations to the information panel  80  of the indicator device and then selectively presenting the data to the person shooter via colored light-emitting diodes (LED) or sounds, or combination thereof thereby helping the person to properly react on next shot. An operator panel  160  allows the person to input personal information. 
     While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.