Abstract:
Embodiments are directed to obtaining a specification of at least one operational requirement for at least one capacitor, generating a design of the at least one capacitor to satisfy the at least one operational requirement, the design of the at least one capacitor comprising a plurality of layers and a first integrated busbar coupled to at least a portion of the layers, and based on the design, manufacturing the at least one capacitor by utilizing an additive manufacturing technique.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    Sufficient bus capacitance is needed to ensure that a solid state power source operates in accordance with power quality requirements. Typical requirements include highly localized capacitance and minimal series inductance, while adhering to one or more package constraints. Such requirements impose challenges in terms of size, cost, and thermal performance. For example, it is desirable to be able to cheaply manufacture capacitors to fit into a small form-factor or profile while still being able to operate the capacitors at elevated power levels and temperatures. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0002]    An embodiment is directed to a method comprising: obtaining a specification of at least one operational requirement for at least one capacitor, generating a design of the at least one capacitor to satisfy the at least one operational requirement, the design of the at least one capacitor comprising a plurality of layers and a first integrated busbar coupled to at least a portion of the layers, and based on the design, manufacturing the at least one capacitor by utilizing an additive manufacturing technique. 
         [0003]    An embodiment is directed to a capacitor manufactured by application of an additive manufacturing technique, comprising: a plurality of conductor layers, a plurality of dielectric layers interspersed between the conductor layers, and a first busbar coupled to a first subset of the conductor layers, the first subset comprising at least two layers. 
         [0004]    Additional embodiments are described below. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0005]    The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not limited in the accompanying figures in which like reference numerals indicate similar elements. 
           [0006]      FIGS. 1A-1C  illustrate an exemplary drawing of an assembly comprising a plurality of capacitors; 
           [0007]      FIG. 2  illustrates a form-factor for a capacitor; 
           [0008]      FIG. 3  illustrates a printed power capacitor comprising an integrated busbar; 
           [0009]      FIG. 4  illustrates an assembly drawing for an assembly comprising a busbar; and 
           [0010]      FIG. 5  illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0011]    It is noted that various connections are set forth between elements in the following description and in the drawings (the contents of which are included in this disclosure by way of reference). It is noted that these connections in general and, unless specified otherwise, may be direct or indirect and that this specification is not intended to be limiting in this respect. In this respect, a coupling between entities may refer to either a direct or an indirect connection. 
         [0012]    Exemplary embodiments of apparatuses, systems, and methods are described for providing an ability to cheaply manufacture capacitors to fit into a small form-factor or profile while still being able to operate the capacitors at elevated power levels and temperatures. Embodiments may leverage additive manufacturing techniques in the manufacture or fabrication of one or more capacitors. The capacitors may be manufactured in accordance with one or more shapes or geometries. In some embodiments, a capacitor may include an integrated busbar. The integrated busbar may couple to a second busbar that is external to the capacitor. One or more parameters of the integrated busbar may be selected based on electrical (e.g., power) and thermal considerations. 
         [0013]    Referring to  FIGS. 1A-1C  (collectively referred to as  FIG. 1 ), a drawing  100  of an assembly  150  is shown. The assembly  150  may include a number of devices or components, such as one or more capacitors  102 . The capacitors  102  may be included in one or more enclosures or housings  104 . For example, in the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , two capacitor housings  104  may be included providing for a nominal total capacitance equal to five-hundred microfarads (500 mFd), wherein a first set of six capacitors  102  may be located in a first housing  104   a , and a second set of six capacitors  102  may be located in a second housing  104   b ,. One skilled in the art would appreciate that a different number of capacitors  102 , a different value of total capacitance, and/or a different number of capacitors per housing  104  may be used in some embodiments. 
         [0014]    The embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  represents the capacitors  102  having been manufactured in accordance with a “can or box-like” shape or geometry.  FIG. 2  shows another exemplary embodiment, wherein a capacitor  202  has a brick-like shape. In some embodiments, the capacitor  202  may be used as an alternative to, or as a supplement to, one or more of the capacitors  102 . 
         [0015]    As described herein, additive manufacturing techniques may be used in some embodiments to construct a capacitor. The shapes for the capacitors  102  and  202  are illustrative. In some embodiments, other geometries or shapes may be used. For example, ‘L’, ‘Z’, and ‘snake’ shapes may be used for a capacitor in some embodiments. 
         [0016]    Referring back to  FIG. 1 , if the assembly  150  and its constituent components are manufactured using conventional techniques, the capacitors  102  may be formed by bringing two pre-existing plates into proximity with one another. For example, using conventional manufacturing techniques, the two plates may be arranged so as to be substantially parallel to one another, and a (pre-existing) dielectric material may be inserted between the plates. 
         [0017]    Turning to  FIG. 3 , an example of a power capacitor  302  is shown. In some embodiments, the capacitor  302  may correspond to one or more of the capacitors  102  and  202  of  FIGS. 1-2 . The capacitor  302  may be manufactured using cold spray and additive manufacturing techniques, such that the capacitor  302  may be built “from the ground-up.” A direct write technology and a laser engineered net shaping (LENS) technique may be used to manufacture the capacitor  302 . The direct write technology, which may serve to deposit material for electric pathways, may allow for a distribution of capacitance, which would result in a reduction in inductance (relative to conventional manufacturing techniques) for the same capacitor performance. The LENS technique may be used to fabricate parts (e.g., metal parts) for the capacitor  302  from a computer-aided design (CAD) model by using a powder injected into a molten pool created by a laser beam. 
         [0018]    The capacitor  302  may include one or more integrated busbars, such as busbars  304  and  306 . The busbar  304  may couple to a positive (+) voltage bus of a power supply and the busbar  306  may couple to a negative (−) or reference voltage bus of the power supply. The busbars  304  and  306  may be included so as to reduce the temperature of the capacitor  302  when the capacitor  302  dissipates heat. 
         [0019]    The busbars  304  and  306  may be associated with printed graphite conductor layers  312 . The conductor layers  312  may be interleaved or alternated, such that a first conductor layer  312  may be associated with the busbar  306 , a second conductor layer  312  proximate the first conductor layer  312  may be associated with the busbar  304 , a third conductor layer  312  proximate the second conductor layer  312  may be associated with the busbar  306 , etc. Interspersed between the conductor layers  312  may be a printed dielectric layer  314 . 
         [0020]    In some embodiments, the conductor layers  312  may be composed of a graphite oxide material to enhance thermal conductivity. In some embodiments, the dielectric layers  314  may be composed of polyimide. 
         [0021]    Referring to  FIG. 4 , an assembly drawing  400  is shown. The assembly drawing  400  may correspond to the assembly drawing  100  of  FIG. 1 . 
         [0022]    The assembly drawing  400  may be associated with one or more busbars. For example, the busbars may be denoted by reference characters  404  and  406  in  FIG. 4 . The busbar  404  may be associated with a positive (+) voltage and may couple to a first busbar (e.g., busbar  304 ) integrated in a capacitor and the busbar  406  may be associated with a negative (−) or reference voltage and may couple to a second busbar (e.g., busbar  306 ) integrated in the capacitor. The busbars  404  and  406  may be brought out to one or more tabs or points  414  and  416 , respectively. The tabs  414  and  416  may be used for one or more purposes, such as test points or to facilitate connecting an assembly associated with the drawing  400  to another assembly or piece of equipment. 
         [0023]    The busbars  404  and  406  may be coupled to a cold plate (not shown). The cold plate may be used as part of a thermal mitigation strategy to reduce the temperature of one or more capacitors or to serve as a heat sink for drawing heat out of the capacitors. 
         [0024]    Turning now to  FIG. 5 , a flow chart of an exemplary method  500  is shown. The method  500  may be executed in connection with one or more systems, assemblies, components, or devices, such as those described herein. The method  500  may be used to cheaply manufacture capacitors to fit into a small form-factor or profile while still being able to operate the capacitors at elevated power levels and temperatures. 
         [0025]    In block  502 , a specification of operational requirements may be obtained, e.g., received or generated. The operational requirements may specify one or more electrical characteristics (e.g., power, voltage, current), temperature characteristics, etc. 
         [0026]    In block  504 , a design may be generated that meets the requirements of block  502 . For example, as part of block  504 , a count of capacitors may be selected, a shape or geometry for the capacitors may be selected, one or more materials used to construct the capacitors may be selected, one or more techniques for manufacturing the capacitor may be selected, one or more features of the capacitor may be selected (e.g., a count of layers, integration of a busbar), etc. 
         [0027]    In block  506 , an assembly, a component, or any other entity at any level of abstraction may be manufactured in accordance with the design of block  504 . For example, as part of block  506  a multilayer capacitor with an integrated busbar may be manufactured. The capacitor may be coupled to an assembly or other entity as part of block  506 . 
         [0028]    In block  508 , the manufactured design may be tested. For example, the manufactured design may be tested to ensure that it satisfies the operational requirements of block  502 . In the event that one or more of the requirements are not satisfied, flow may proceed from block  508  to, e.g., block  504  (not shown in  FIG. 5 ) in order to modify the design. Otherwise, flow may proceed from block  508  to block  510   
         [0029]    In block  510 , the manufactured design may be implemented. For example, if a capacitor is manufactured in connection with block  510 , the capacitor may be coupled to an assembly. The coupling of the capacitor and the assembly may include coupling an integrated busbar of the capacitor to a busbar located on the assembly. 
         [0030]    The method  500  is illustrative. In some embodiments, one or more of the blocks or operations (or a portion thereof) may be optional. In some embodiments, additional blocks or operations not shown may be included. In some embodiments, the blocks or operations may execute in an order or sequence that is different from what is shown in  FIG. 5 . 
         [0031]    Embodiments of the disclosure may be used in connection with one or more applications or environments, such as power sources, converters, inverters, motor drives, links, input/output filters, etc. In connection with use on a link, such as a direct current (DC) link, capacitance may be distributed across or along the link while reducing inductance along the link. As such, link performance may be enhanced. 
         [0032]    As described herein, in some embodiments various functions or acts may take place at a given location and/or in connection with the operation of one or more apparatuses, systems, or devices. For example, in some embodiments, a portion of a given function or act may be performed at a first device or location, and the remainder of the function or act may be performed at one or more additional devices or locations. 
         [0033]    Embodiments may be implemented as one or more apparatuses, systems, and/or methods. In some embodiments, instructions may be stored on memory or one or more computer-readable media, such as a transitory and/or non-transitory computer-readable medium. The instructions, when executed (by, e.g., one or more processors), may cause an entity (e.g., an apparatus or system) to perform one or more methodological acts as described herein. 
         [0034]    Aspects of the disclosure have been described in terms of illustrative embodiments thereof. Numerous other embodiments, modifications and variations within the scope and spirit of the appended claims will occur to persons of ordinary skill in the art from a review of this disclosure. For example, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the steps described in conjunction with the illustrative figures may be performed in other than the recited order, and that one or more steps illustrated may be optional.