Abstract:
The Broadhead-Bullet and Sabot is a new type of sub-sonic hunting projectile combining capabilities of an expandable broad head arrowhead with that of a firearm-fired projectile. The Broadhead-Bullet and Sabot is for use in shorter ranges akin to shotgun slug ranges but is able to utilize the cost effectiveness, utility, and ease of use of existing firearms.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a CIP of Ser. No. 14/145,933 Filed Jan. 1, 2014 by the present inventor which is incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH 
     Not Applicable 
     SEQUENCE LISTING OR PROGRAM 
     Not Applicable 
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
     1. Field of Invention 
     This invention relates to firearm projectiles, more specifically a firearm projectile that combines the functionality of a retractable broad head arrowhead with that of a shotgun shell intended for use with smoothbore shotguns. 
     2. Prior Art 
     The use of projectiles for big game hunting has been a unique method of hunting for mankind since the beginning written history. Mankind&#39;s ingenuity has perfected the firearm projectile into a highly effective hunting tool, specifically discussed here are the methods of hunting utilizing a bow and arrow and also that of the firearm and bullet. Both methods deliver a greatly enhanced method of harvesting meat via hunting and both methods offer their own advantages and disadvantages when compare to the other method of hunting discussed here. Unfortunately neither method it compatible with each other, both methods needs to be immersed within its own discipline with both the strategy and with equipment used to hunt. There have been attempts in the past to incorporate the advantages of both methods of hunting, bow and arrow and gun and bullet, but all have failed to bring a significantly superior product to the consumer market as their designs lack functionality, are too costly, do not perform well, or just plain do not work. The following are descriptions of prior art and discussions as to why these products have not been successful. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 1,318,858 was issued to John Frick for an expansible projectile for use in firearms and the like. Frick&#39;s invention has “outwardly projecting arms or cutting blades which are automatically positioned either due to the force of explosion or by the impact of the projectile against an object.” Unfortunately Frick&#39;s invention utilizes a complex arrangement to deploy his blades including a plunger. This construction and operation of his expansible projectile make it expensive and too difficult to implement in a practical manner. The plunger style orientation for deploying the blades is also not reliable, as any variation of impact may not activate the plunger correctly. Frick&#39;s projectile also does not utilize a sabot to protect his blade while traveling the length of the firearm barrel thus allowing for destabilizing forces to disrupt the intended trajectory. The present invention is intended for use in a firearm with a smoothbore barrel such as a 12-gauge shotgun. The Broadhead Bullet relies upon a sabot or several blade mounted sabots to accurately guide it though the length of the firearm barrel. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 2,661,694 was issued to James Allen and William Cantrell for the Spreader Panel Bullet that “spread laterally upon impact with an object”. As with Frick&#39;s invention the Spreader Panel Bullet does not incorporate a sabot to encase the projectile thus necessitating the blades and its supporting mechanisms to be encase within the projectile. This configuration is too complicated and expensive for the projectile to be except in specialty situations. The blades also are not connected to the projectile and only deploy in a forward swept position thus severely hindering its damaging potential, as this design would quickly slow the projectile as it enters the target medium. The blades would be subject to ejection from the projectile causing unpredictable performance. The supporting mechanisms for deploying the blades are complicated and therefore would be expensive and difficult to implement. The present invention utilizes a much simpler and more effective design and would thus be less expensive and yield better performance. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,078,407 was issued to Marvin Carlston for his Expandable Blade, Composite Plastic, and Broadhead Hunting Arrow Tip. Carlston here describes the use of “rotatable blades which are trunnion mounted securely in the body of the tip, and which are designed to be partially exposed while in flight”. Carlston describes the function of the blades as being able to “rotate into an expanded position upon impact” and “the blades are mounted in a forward position with the tips of the blades protruding outside of the tip body”. Carlston&#39;s design is one of simplicity and functionality and has been proven successful in the marketplace. Carlston&#39;s invention however is designed for bow hunting and is not for use with firearms, therefore it does not have any relevance to the present invention. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,240,849 was awarded to Christopher Holler for the Projectile with Expanding Members. Holler&#39;s invention has “open-biased arm members” that are “compressed into a restrained position” before firing the bullet. When the bullet is fired “the arms extend to the unrestrained position” which then catch the target material and slow the projectile down. Holler&#39;s invention is for a projectile suited for use in a rifled barrel and not a smooth bore shotgun as it relies upon centrifugal force for stabilization. Also his arms extend when the projectile is fired and not upon impact thus creating a massive amount of drag upon the projectile thus making it grossly inefficient as a projectile. Holler&#39;s projectile unfortunately may not be a feasible working projectile as it has many lacking characteristics that prevent it from becoming a workable firearm projectile. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,178,462 was awarded to Beasley for the Projectile with Members that Deploy Upon Impact. Beasley&#39;s projectile relies upon a “nose piece that shears off upon impact with the target, causing the nose piece to be pushed inside the projectile”. The “nose piece pushes on members that deploy outwardly and lock into place, thereby greatly increasing the damage done to the target”. Beasley&#39;s invention, much like Holler&#39;s, is a projectile intended for use within a rifled barrel and not a smoothbore barrel as it relies upon centrifugal force for stabilization of the projectile. Beasley&#39;s members or blades reside inside of the projectile and require an intricate mechanical arrangement for the deployment of the blades. Also the members or blades are unfortunately restricted in size due to the stowing of the blades within the bullet thus the members are also severely restricted in the amount of damage the can inflict upon the target. In all Beasley&#39;s projectile is complicated in use and construction and offers minimal advantage for the members to inflict damage therefore the concept has minimal value for its intended purpose. 
     OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES 
     The advantages of the Broadhead Bullet are as follows:
         To produce a firearm fired projectile that is statically stabilized in flight.   To produce a projectile that does not rely upon rifled barrels and centrifugal force for the projectiles stabilization.   To produce a sub-sonic firearm projectile that produces a significantly lower noise signature than traditional super-sonic firearm.   To produce a low kinetic energy firearm projectile for use in a smoothbore firearm that can be used for hunting large game such as deer and elk.   To produce a firearm fired projectile with a finned stabilizer that releases from the projectile upon impact.   To produce an expandable broad head projectile that creates a wounding effect that is similar to conventional archery broad heads on the market.   To produce a firearm projectile for use in limited range projectile hunting areas as defined by hunting laws.   To produce a low kinetic energy subsonic hunting round that can be used in a smoothbore barreled firearm that would function within the firearm&#39;s action, as would ammunition for the same currently on the consumer market without modification to the function of the firearm.   To produce a firearm projectile for use in 12 gauge shotguns with less recoil than Foster slugs and Buckshot.   To produce a projectile with a 100-yard center of hold for the animals kill zone. No need for specialized optics for effective hunting within 100 yards.       

     REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
         
           
               1 . Projectile shaft 
               3 . Penetrating tip 
               5 . Pivoting blade support 
               7 . Pivoting blade 
               9 . Fin unit 
               11 . Pivoting blade spine 
               13 . Pivoting blade stop 
               15 . Broadhead Bullet shot shell 
               17 . Pivoting blade edge 
               19 . Broadhead Bullet assembly 
               21 . Pivoting blade tang 
               23 . Pivoting blade sheath 
               25 . Fin unit support 
               27 . Fore end sabot 
               29 . Aft end sabot 
               31 . Powder charge 
               33 . Hull 
               35 . Firearm barrel 
               37 . Target material 
           
         
       
    
    
    
     
       ILLUSTRATION DESCRIPTION 
         FIG. 1  is a side view of the Broadhead-Bullet. 
         FIG. 2  is a front view of the Broadhead-Bullet from  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a side view of the Broadhead-Bullet from  FIG. 1  rotated 90 degrees on its horizontal axis. 
         FIG. 4  is a front view of the Broadhead-Bullet from  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  is a Broadhead-Bullet side view from  FIG. 1  with the Pivoting blades deployed and the fin units and the pivoting blade sheaths absent. 
         FIG. 6  is a front view from  FIG. 5  of the Broadhead-Bullet. 
         FIG. 7  is a Broadhead-Bullet cross-sectional view from  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 8  is a Broadhead-Bullet cross-sectional view from  FIG. 5 . 
         FIG. 9  is a Broadhead-Bullet shell cross-sectional view. 
         FIG. 10  is a Broadhead-Bullet shell exploded view. 
         FIG. 11  is a Broadhead-Bullet inside of a gun barrel cross-sectional view. 
         FIG. 12  details the Broadhead-Bullet in flight before impacting the Target material. 
         FIG. 13  details the Broadhead-Bullet contacting the Target material, the Pivoting blades deploying. 
         FIG. 14  details the Broadhead-Bullet inside of the Target material, Pivoting Blades in fully deployed position. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     Broadhead-Bullet and Sabot FIGS.  1 - 14   
     Pivoting blades  7  are attached to opposite sides of Projectile shaft  1  via Pivoting blade rod support  5 . Pivoting blades  7  when in the stowed position are rotated forward on Pivoting blade support  5  such that Pivoting blade edge  17  is flush with the edge of Projectile shaft  1 . Pivoting blade tang  21  is at located fore end of Pivoting blade  7 , opposite from the Pivoting blade support  5  located at the aft end of The Pivoting Blade  7 . Pivoting blade tang  21  has a shape that extends outward from the spine of the Pivoting blade  7 . The fore end portion of Pivoting blade tang  21  is blunt in comparison to Pivoting blade edge  17 . Pivoting blade sheath  23  is attached to and encases the fore portion of the Pivoting blade tang  21 . Pivoting blade sheath  23  is constructed from an impact resistant material such as plastic. 
     The Projectile shaft  1  is weight biased towards the fore end of the projectile with Penetrating tip  3  located at the foremost portion of the Projectile shaft  1 . Both the Projectile shaft  1  and the Penetrating tip  3  here are constructed from an impact resistant material such as steel or high impact plastic. The aft end of the Projectile shaft  1  is lighter than the fore end and is constructed from a durable and deformation resistant material. When the Projectile shaft  1  is coupled with the Aft end sabot  29  and Fore end sabot  27  the Broadhead-Bullet assembly  19  can withstand intact the peak pressure created during firing without deformation to the Assembly  19 . 
     The Pivoting blade support  5  here is made from a high tensile strength material such as steel and retains the Pivoting blades  7  to the Projectile shaft  1 . Each Pivoting blade  7  is capable of pivoting counter rotational to the opposing Pivoting blade  7  on the Pivoting blade support  5 . The Projectile shaft  1  has Pivoting blade stops  13  at the aft portion and on opposing sides of the Projectile shaft  1  and behind Pivoting blades  7 . Pivoting blade stops  13  here are molded into the Projectile shaft  1  construction. When Pivoting blades  7  are in the fully deployed position the Pivoting blade spine  11  portion of the Pivoting blades  7  contacts the Pivoting blade stop  13 . Pivoting blades  7 , when in the fully deployed position have Pivoting blade edges  17  that face towards the fore end of the Broadhead-Bullet assembly  19 . 
     The Fin units  9  is located near the rearward portion of and encase the Projectile shaft  1  and stowed Pivoting blades  7 . Fin units  9  combine from two separate parts to surround both the Projectile shaft  1  and Pivoting blades  7 . The Fin units  9  separate and eject from the Projectile shaft  1  and Pivoting blades  7  when the Pivoting blades  7  deploy. 
       FIG. 9  details the Broadhead-Bullet shot shell  15  containing the Broadhead Bullet assembly  19 , Powder charge  31 , Aft end sabot  29 , and Fore end sabot  27 .  FIG. 10  is an exploded view of the same components as  FIG. 9 .  FIG. 11  details the Broadhead Bullet  19 , Aft end sabot  29 , and Fore end sabot  27  in a smooth bore Firearm barrel  35 . 
     Fore end sabot  27  here consists of four parts whose outer circumferences are equal to one another and whose inner circumference is mated shapewise to the outer circumference of the Broadhead Bullet portion that each respective Fore end sabot  27  is supporting. Fore end sabot  27  portions are contained onto the Broadhead Bullet assembly  19  while in the Hull  33  and in the Firearm barrel  35 . Fore end sabot  27  is able to separate from the Broadhead Bullet assembly  19  when the Assembly  19  exits the Firearm barrel  35 . 
     Aft end sabot  29  consists of one piece and is in contact with the rear portion of the Broadhead Bullet assembly  19 . Aft end sabot  29  is capable of enduring the peak chamber pressure resulting from the firing of the Broadhead Bullet shot shell  15  without distortion, damage, or disintegration to the Aft end Sabot  29 . Aft end sabot  29  is contained onto the Broadhead Bullet assembly  19  while in the Hull  33  and Firearm barrel  35 . 
       FIGS. 12-14  detail the Broadhead-Bullet assembly  19  contacting the Target material  37 .  FIG. 12  details the Broadhead-Bullet assembly  19  in flight before impacting the Target material  37 .  FIG. 13  details the Broadhead-Bullet  19  contacting the Target material  37 ; the Pivoting blades  7  beginning their deployment and the Fin unit  9  separating. The Penetrating tip  3  initiates the penetration of the Broadhead Bullet assembly  19  into the Target material  37 .  FIG. 14  details the Broadhead-Bullet assembly  19  inside of the Target material  37 . Here the Pivoting Blades  7  are in the fully deployed position, the Fin unit  9  portions are ejected from the Pivoting blades  7  and Projectile shaft  1 . The Broadhead-Bullet SS assembly  19  continues to travel through the Target material  37  with the Pivoting blades  7  cutting a wound channel through the Target material  37  until its kinetic energy is depleted. 
     Operation of Invention 
     Broadhead-Bullet with Sabot FIGS.  1 - 14   
     The Broadhead Bullet shot shell  15  is capable of operating in a conventional manually operated action shotgun as any conventional shot or slug filled shotshell would without modification to the shotgun. When the Broadhead Bullet  19  is inside the Hull  33 , Firearm barrel  35 , or in flight the Pivoting blades  7  are in the stowed position and are flush with Projectile shaft  1 . The Pivoting blade tang  21  or Pivoting blade sheath  23  are in contact with the Penetrating tip  3  preventing the Pivoting blade  7  from rotating towards the Pivoting blade edge  17  facing direction. The two Fin unit  29  parts are in contact with each other to form a continuous single Fin unit  29 . When the Broadhead-Bullet Shot Shell  15  is fired, the Powder charge  31  burns creating expanding gasses that pushes the Aft end sabot  29  against the Broadhead-Bullet assembly  19 . Aft end sabot  29 , Fore end sabot  27 , and Broadhead Bullet assembly  19  exit the Hull  33  and enter into the Firearm barrel  35 . The Fore end sabot  27  and Aft end sabot  29  guide the Broadhead Bullet  19  through the Firearm barrel  35  maintaining its travel along the central axis of the Firearm barrel  35 . Upon exiting the Firearm barrel  35  the Fore end sabot  27  and Aft end sabot  29  encounter great pressure from the ambient air and eject from the Broadhead Bullet  19 . 
     While in flight the Fin unit  9  creates a downward pressure onto the Pivoting blades  7  and Projectile shaft  1 , via air flowing across the Fin unit  9 . This pressure maintains the Pivoting blades  7  stowed position during flight until the Broadhead-Bullet  19  either strikes the Target material  37  or reaches a zero velocity state. Fin unit support  25  maintains the desired shape of the Fin unit  9  adding stability to the Broadhead-Bullet  19  during flight. 
     The Fin unit  9  also creates a center of pressure that is oriented toward the aft end of the Broadhead Bullet  19 . This aft end oriented center of pressure in combination with a fore end oriented center of gravity insures a stable projectile in flight and a consistant trajectory. 
     The Broadhead-Bullet  19  maximum velcity would be a sub-sonic velocity of about 1000 ft/sec or 3 times the velocity compared to an arrow fired from a high-powered compound bow. This velocity would give the Broadhead Bullet  19  an effective range of roughly 100 yards thus allowing for it to be used in areas limited to short ranges due to applicable hunting regulations. The trajectory of the Broadhead-Bullet  19  aggressively deteriorates beyond 100 yards. 
     A Pivoting blade sheath  23  is attached to and encases the fore portion of the Pivoting blade tang  21 . As the Broadhead-Bullet  19  strikes the Target material  37  the Pivoting blade sheaths  23  and the Penetrating tip  3  are the first portions of the Broadhead-Bullet  19  to contact the Target material  37 . As the Penetrating tip  3  penetrates into the Target material  37  the Pivoting blade sheaths  23  remain on the exterior of the Target material  37 . Pivoting blades tangs  21  slide along the inside portion of Pivoting blades sheaths  23  forcing the Pivoting blades  7  to rotate on Pivoting blade support  5  and outward from their stowed position and into the deploying position. The Pivoting blades  7  ends deployment when Pivoting blade spine  11  contact Pivoting blade stops  13 . Here the Pivoting blades  7  are oriented such that Pivoting blade edges  17  are facing forward towards the Penetrating tip  3 . As the Broadhead-Bullet  19  enters the Target material  37  the Pivoting blade sheaths  23  and Fin units  9  are ejected from the Broadhead-Bullet  19 . The Pivoting blades  7  cut a wound channel through the Target material  37  until the Broadhead-Bullet  19  depletes its kinetic energy. 
     Projectile shaft  1  will provide the Broadhead-Bullet  19  the majority of the kinetic energy it requires to complete its trajectory, penetrate and pull it through the Target material  37 . The Pivoting blade support  5  is connected the Projectile shaft  1  retains the Pivoring blades  7  when the Broadhead-Bullet  19  strikes the Target material  37  thus keeping the Pivoting blades  7  connected to the Broadhead-Bullet  19 .