Abstract:
An improved multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip for receiving a heterogenous fluid, such as whole blood, to test for presence and/or amount of a suspected analyte in the fluid by facilitating a color change in the strip corresponding to the amount of the analyte in the fluid, wherein the test strip includes fluid volume control dams to prevent spillage of the fluid from the strip and a chemical reagent solution that facilitates end-point testing. The improved test strip comprises no more than two operative layers and: (a) a reaction membrane containing a reagent capable of reacting with the analyte of interest to produce a measurable change in said membrane; (b) an upper support layer defining a sample receiving port for receiving the fluid sample thereat; (c) one or more structures for directing the sample containing the analyte of interest through at least a portion of said reaction membrane; and (d) a lower support layer having a reaction viewing port in vertical alignment with said membrane for displaying said measurable change, said lower support being associated with said upper support to secure said reaction membrane in said test strip.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This is a Continuation-In-Part of application Ser. No. 09/939,834, filed Aug. 28, 2001, which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 09/938,598, filed Aug. 27, 2001, which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 09/344,895, filed Jun. 25, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,284,550, issued Sep. 4, 2001, which is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 08/872,088, filed Jun. 10, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,195, issued Mar. 21, 2000, all of which disclosures are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     This invention relates generally to analytical test strip devices, and more particularly to an improved diagnostic sanitary test strip device for determining the presence, absence, and/or amount of a predetermined analyte, and having a fluid sample volume control, structure to facilitate proper orientation of the strip in a corresponding meter, and an improved agent treatment solution for facilitating end-point testing.  
         [0003]     2. Description of the Background Art  
         [0004]     Analytical test strips for testing analytes in heterogeneous fluid samples are well known in the art and comprise various structures and materials. These test strips typically include single or multi-layered fibrous membrane devices which receive a heterogeneous fluid, such as whole blood, and undergo a color change in response to interaction with agents/reactants imbibed into the membrane. Prior to reaching the reactants, the fluid sample is filtered to facilitate accurate testing of the analyte. For instance, a blood sample being treated for glucose levels requires the removal of red blood cells before testing the plasma. Some test strips include additional layers that provide the requisite filtering. Other test strips attempt to filter and test a sample for a suspected analyte in a single membrane. Terminiello et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,774,192, teaches such a dry chemistry reagent system which comprises a porous anisotropic (asymmetrical) membrane having a porosity gradient from one planar surface to the other for filtering a fluid sample and includes an indicator, flow control agent, and reagent cocktail imbibed therein for initiating the chemical reaction with the fluid sample. Anisotropic membranes, however, provide inadequate filtering and can have a tendency to produce unreliable results.  
         [0005]     Test strip devices operate by allowing the applied heterogeneous sample to migrate to a reaction site in the membrane, where the analyte of interest in the sample reacts with the imbibed agents. The results of the reaction are usually visible through a color change in the membrane. The color change may be viewed with the naked eye and measured by a visual comparison with a color chart or reading it with a reflectance meter.  
         [0006]     Certain problems have been noted in existing analytical test strips. Some of these problems include spillage of the sample over the edges of the strip, excessive absorption, and incomplete filtering, all of which can adversely affect test integrity. Other strips, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,298,789 issued to Mast and U.S. Pat. No. 3,630,957 issued to Rey et al., require the sample to remain in contact with the reagent pad for specified time and that the blood sample be either washed or wiped off the pad. In addition, conventional strips have been known to be difficult to use in terms of the proper amount of heterogeneous fluid to place on the strip. It is also difficult to properly place and/or orient strips in a corresponding meter.  
         [0007]     U.S. Pat. No. 5,296,192 (the “&#39;192 patent”), issued to the inventors herein, addresses some of these shortcomings noted in the background art. The &#39;192 patent teaches a multi-layered diagnostic test strip for receiving whole blood on which a test for a suspected analyte is performed. The multi-layered test strip device comprises two outside supports, sandwiching therebetween a spreading screen, a separating layer, and a membrane. The top support has a port for receiving the sample. The spreading screen evenly distributes the sample so that it uniformly passes into the separating layer. The separating layer removes a majority of the red blood cells from the blood sample, and the membrane removes the remaining cells. The membrane is also pretreated with reagents and conditioning agents needed for the reaction and insuring a readable, reliable color generation. The &#39;192 patent provides a strip that may be visually read with a color comparator or a reflectance meter. The instant invention provides an improved diagnostic test strip which is built in part on some of the teachings of the &#39;192 patent, and which has additional features for further enhancing the use and reliability of diagnostic testing. These improvements are submitted as solving the above-noted problems.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0008]     The present invention is directed to an improved, multilayered sanitary test strip for receiving a heterogenous fluid that is tested for a suspected analyte. In the preferred embodiment, the heterogeneous fluid comprises a whole blood which is analyzed to determine the presence of analytes, such as glucose or cholesterol, to determine the presence, absence, and/or level of the analyte in the fluid. Accordingly, discussion herein is tailored to the receipt and testing of glucose analytes in a whole blood sample. As such, the suggested chemical reagents herein are specific to testing glucose in blood. It is important to note, however, that the instant invention may be used to determine the presence, absence, and/or amount of a substance in other heterogeneous fluids by modifying the chemical reagent solutions and/or concentrations employed. The diagnostic sanitary test strip may be used for other enzymes and immunoassays, such as cholesterol (HDL or LDL), ketones, theophylline, osteoporosis, H1AC, fructosamine and others. The present invention confirms the presence, absence, and/or amount of these analytes.  
         [0009]     The multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip generally comprises two outside layers, between which are operative layers. Said operative layers comprise, in descending order, an optional spreading layer, a separating layer, a membrane layer. The membrane layer (or reaction membrane, or membrane) may optionally be pretreated with a reagent solution imbibed into the membrane. The multi-layered test strip taught herein improves on the test strip disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,296,192, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The instant invention is an improvement in that it provides a chemistry reagent solution and concentration that facilitates end-point testing, volume control dams to prevent spills or overflow and reduce the amount of sample needed to perform a test, and a light absorption medium which visually and functionally prevents the test strip from being tested upside down. The improved, diagnostic test strip also allows for the application of a heterogeneous fluid sample, e.g., blood, to the strip, both inside and outside the meter.  
         [0010]     It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip.  
         [0011]     It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip that prevents a heterogenous fluid sample from overflowing from the strip.  
         [0012]     It is an additional object of the present invention to provide an improved multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip that is easier to use, requires a smaller amount of the heterogenous fluid sample and facilitates application of the sample on the strip when the strip is either outside or inserted in a meter.  
         [0013]     It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip that facilitates proper placement and orientation of the strip in a corresponding meter.  
         [0014]     It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an improved multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip that may be used in a meter that performs end-point testing.  
         [0015]     It is yet an additional object of the present invention to provide an improved multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip that may be imbibed with a dry chemistry reagent solution that facilitates end-point testing.  
         [0016]     In accordance with these and other objects which will become apparent hereinafter, the instant invention will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0017]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip of the instant invention.  
         [0018]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip prior to ultrasonically sealing the strip.  
         [0019]      FIG. 3   a  is an exploded, cross sectional view of the instant invention, taken along lines A-A of  FIG. 2 .  
         [0020]      FIG. 3   b  is a cross sectional view of the instant invention, taken along lines A-A of  FIG. 2 .  
         [0021]      FIG. 4  is a cross sectional elevation view of the layers of the test strip as it appears after construction.  
         [0022]      FIG. 5  is a cross sectional elevation view of another embodiment of the invention as it appears after construction.  
         [0023]      FIGS. 6-10  depict the views of  FIGS. 1-5 , respectively, wherein the test strip is manufactured without a spreading layer. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0024]     With reference to the drawings,  FIGS. 1-10  depict preferred embodiments of the improved, multi-layered diagnostic sanitary test strip  10  of the instant invention. The test strip  10  represents an improvement over prior test strips. It embodies novel features that make the strip more sanitary, spill resistant, easier to use, accommodating of lower sample volumes, and more efficient. In a preferred use, a whole blood sample from a finger stick, or otherwise, is applied to the strip  10  to test for the presence, absence, and/or amount of a suspected analyte, e.g., glucose. It is important to note that whole blood may be tested for other analytes and that other heterogeneous fluid samples may be tested for glucose and other analytes, such as LDH/HDL cholesterol, H1AC, osteoporosis, fructosamine, etc.  
         [0025]     The test strip  10  generally comprises an optional spreading layer (e.g., spreading screen)  20 , a separating layer  30  for filtering, and a preconditioned membrane  40 . The membrane  40 , and optionally also the separating layer  30 , can be pre treated with reagents and/or conditioning solutions, as discussed more fully herein. During use, the reagents and conditioning system filters the sample so that the analytes of interest can be more easily detected and measured without interference. For example, where blood is used, the novel system according to the invention removes red blood cells from the plasma of the sample so that red blood cells do not interfere with optical measurement.  
         [0026]     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the test strip  10  generally comprises an upper support layer  12  and a lower support layer  13  and an optional spreading layer (e.g., a spreading screen)  20 , a separating layer  30 , and a semi-porous membrane reagent layer  40  sandwiched between in descending order.  FIGS. 6-10  depict the views of  FIGS. 1-5 , respectively, of a test strip constructed without a spreading layer. At least one of layers  20  (when present),  30 , and  40  is pretreated with a dry chemistry reagent and conditioning solution. Preferably, the membrane  40  and separating layer  30  are pretreated with the reagent/conditioning solution. The spreading screen  20 , if present, may also pretreated. Each layer  20 ,  30 , and  40  is positioned in tight, continuous contact with its adjacent layer as shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5  ( FIGS. 9 and 10  in a corresponding test strip constructed without a separating layer). The support layers  12 ,  13 , screen  20 , separator  30 , and membrane  40  are aligned as shown in  FIGS. 2, 3   a , and  3   b  ( FIGS. 7, 8   a , and  8   b  without the spreading layer  20 ) and glued and ultrasonically bonded together to provide a sealed composite structure. The support strips  12 ,  13  may contain a layer of adhesive on their interior surfaces to physically attach the supporting layers  12 ,  13  in a way that tightly compresses the other layers  20  (when present),  30 , and  40  therebetween. The support layers  12 ,  13  and operative layers  20  (when present),  30 , and  40  are further secured by ultrasonic welding. Other welding techniques may be employed, such as heat-stamping.  
         [0027]     The support strips  12 ,  13  are preferably constructed from mylar. The top and bottom support strips  12 ,  13  each define an aperture or opening therethrough. These apertures or openings are oriented in vertical alignment when constructing the strip. The opening in the upper support strip  12  defines a sample receiving port  15  and the opening in the lower support strip  13  defines a reaction viewing port  18 . The spreading screen  20 , when present, abuts the interior glue surface  12   a  of the upper support  12 . The separating layer  30  abuts the lower surface of spreading screen  20  and the upper surface of membrane  40 . When the spreading screen  20  is absent, the separating layer  30  abuts the lower surface of the upper support layer  12  and the upper surface of membrane  40 . The upper surface of membrane  40  abuts the lower surface of separating screen  30  and the membrane lower surface abuts the interior glue surface of the lower support strip  13 . The interior layers are oriented in vertical alignment with the sample receiving port  15  and the reaction viewing port  18 . This allows the sample received by the strip  10  to pass directly from the receiving port  15  to the viewing port  18 . This movement, however, is facilitated and assisted by the operative layers  20  (when present),  30 , and  40  of the strip and volume control structure  14  built therein. By the time the sample reaches the viewing port  18  it has undergone a color change indicative of the analyte of interest and is viewable from the viewing port  18 .  
         [0028]     Volume control dam partitions  14  are formed in the upper support strip  12  around the sample receiving port  15  and depend downward into the strip to control the flow of the sample volume therein. The dam partitions  14  help direct the fluid sample downward toward the viewing port  18 . In addition, the dam partitions  14  resist overflow by retaining the sample and guiding the sample to provide a more sanitary diagnostic test strip  12  and decreasing the amount of sample needed to conduct a test. The strip  10  is shown with four dam partitions  14  positioned approximately 90° apart around a substantially circular sample receiving port  15 . This orientation enhances volume flow control. It should be noted, however, that the number and configuration of dam partitions  14  may vary without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention so long as fluid sample is properly retained and vertically directed. The dam partitions  14  are formed by either die-stamping or embossing the upper strip  12  when the strip layers  12 ,  13 ,  20 ,  30 , and  40  (or  12 ,  13 ,  30 , and  40 ) are bound together through ultrasonic welding or stamping. The volume control dam partitions  14  provide a unique feature of the instant invention which makes the strip easier and more comfortable to use. Moreover, the likelihood of sample overflow or spilling is greatly reduced by the novel structure of the instant invention.  
         [0029]     In reference to  FIGS. 1, 4 , and  5 , two Branson detents  16  are provided for strengthening the strip and accommodating Branson securing post which may he found on a corresponding meter. The Branson post and detents  16  are designed to interlock when a strip  10  is inserted into a corresponding meter. The dam partitions  14  also serve to enhance the bond between the support strips  12 ,  13  and operative layers  20 ,  30 , and  40 . The bonds formed by the dam partitions  14  and Branson detent  16  result from the application of energy, preferably ultrasonic energy, applied to the upper surface of support strip  12  during assembly. The penetration of the dams  14  and detents  16  are shown by perforated lines and generally comprise deep indentations in the assembled strip  10 . The location of the Branson detents  16  correspond to location of the Branson post found in the corresponding meter. The dam partitions  14  are positioned to retain and direct fluid sample in a manner that prevents overflow and facilitates efficient sample flow through the strip  10 . The preferred orientation of the dams  14  are shown in  FIG. 1 .  
         [0030]     The above noted operative layers  20 ,  30  and  40  are preferably assembled as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 4  using accepted techniques in the art and mylar strips  12 ,  13  as the support medium for the interior three layers  20 ,  30  and  40 . Operative layers  30  and  40  are preferably assembled as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 9  when separating layer  20  is omitted. The inside surfaces of the mylar strips have been previously treated with glue to hold the screen and the reaction membrane in place. In some applications it is desirable to select a separating layer  30  which is slightly larger in width than the reaction membrane  40  so that the edges of the separating layer  30  may overlap the reaction membrane  40  and meet the lower mylar strip  13  at the glued surface to aid further in securing the separating layer  30  to the rest of the device. Referring to  FIGS. 2-5 , it can be seen that the spreading screen  20  extends beyond the side edges of the separating layer  30  and that the separating layer  30  extends beyond the side edges of the membrane  40 . The spreading layer  20  adheres to the upper support strip  12  and the membrane  40  adheres to the lower support strip  13 . The support strips  12 ,  13  are adhered and/or welded together. The spreading screen  20  overextends beyond the separating layer  30  to allow the screen  20  to adhere to the glued surfaces of the support strips  12 ,  13  and insures a tight, secure connection between layers  20 ,  30 , and  40 . When the spreading screen is omitted, the separating layer  30  may optionally overextend beyond the membrane  40  to allow the separating layer to adhere to the glued surface of support strips  12 ,  13  and insure a tight, secure connection between layers  30  and  40 . Once these layers have been assembled, the test strip is inserted into an ultrasonic point welding device and strip welded at the points shown at  14  and  16  in  FIG. 1 . This results in the volume control dams  14  and Branson holes  16 . A suitable strip is two (2) inches long by 0.5 inches wide by 0.035 inches thick with a sample receiving port  15  and reaction viewing port  18  of about 0.2 inches in diameter, preferably sized to snugly fit in the shroud of a corresponding commercially available reflective type meter. When the spreading screen is omitted, these dimensions may be reduced to accommodate smaller volumes of analyte. For instance, a suitable reduced analyte volume test strip can be configured to perform an accurate test with about 3 μl, compared to the prevalent 10 μl for optical test strips. When placed in a meter the Branson holes  16  are intended to align and mate with corresponding posts in the meter. The strip may also be read by comparing the color change in the viewing port  18  to a color chart depicting the amount of analyte found, e.g., glucose.  
         [0031]     Proper orientation of the strip  10  in a meter is not always easily ascertainable. To insure that the strip  10  of the instant invention is oriented with the proper surface facing up, the upper surface of the upper support strip  12  includes a light absorption region  19  at one selected end. The light absorption region  19  also serves to indicate the leading end of the strip  10  to be placed in the meter first. Additional indicia in the form of an arrow  21  and blood fluid/fluid drop  23  may also be provided to indicate the direction of insertion and the top surface, respectively. The light absorption region  19  comprises an optically dark, such as black, region adjacent the test area, preferably proximal to the end of the strip. Once inserted, the meter performs a test, such as a light reflection test, to determine whether the strip is properly oriented.  
         [0032]     In addition to the foregoing, the strip  10  of the instant invention is designed to allow a blood/heterogeneous fluid sample to be applied to the strip  10  regardless of whether the strip is inserted in or is outside a meter. This is possible because of the volume control provided by the dam partitions  14  and because of the location of the Branson post  16  as shown in  FIG. 1 .  
         [0033]     A spreading screen  20  having a plurality of mesh openings is in contiguous contact with the sample receiving port  15  for receiving and uniformly distributing, or spreading, the heterogeneous fluid over the screen  20 . When blood is being analyzed, the sample is typically applied from a finger stick and comprises approximately 15-50 microliters. However, less sample is now required because of the dam partitions  14  provide volume control to limit overflow and direct sample into the strip. This has the added benefit of improved sanitation. The screen  20  is defined by mesh openings that momentarily hold the sample, via surface tension, as the sample uniformly spreads out over the screen  20  to fill the receiving port. Eventually, the sample passes through the screen mesh  20  to the separating layers  30  to deposit an even distribution of the sample onto the separating layer  30 . A uniform distribution is required to produce uniform color development. This is important because an uneven distribution of the blood, or other heterogeneous fluid, will cause an uneven distribution to the membrane, which will affect the color change therein and produce an unreliable reading. A preferred screen  20  which may be used with the instant invention is a polyester medical screen, designated PeCap/-7-16/8, provided by Tetko, Inc., Elmsford, N.Y., and having a mesh opening of about 16 microns, a thickness of about 75 microns, and an open area of voids of 8% is. The screen is preferably dipped into a 10% solution of sodium chloride and allowed to dry.  
         [0034]     As indicated above, the test strips of the present invention may also be manufactured without a separate spreading screen. The spreading screen  20  may be omitted when, for instance, the separating layer  30  comprises material having sufficient spreading properties. Suitable results have been achieved with separating layers comprising cloth material. Any known or after-discovered material possessing suitable spreading properties with respect to the fluid sample of interest may serve as the separating layer, however. The resulting test strip will thus comprise fewer layers and possess all the advantages inherent therein. Such advantages include, but are not limited to, economies of manufacture and accommodation of smaller analyte sample volumes. The dimensions of the remaining layers and diameters of the sample receiving and viewing ports may also be reduced to accommodate smaller analyte sample volumes, such as 3 μl or less.  
         [0035]     Separating layer  30  comprises a pretreated fabric porous screen material placed in contiguous contact with the lower surface of the spreading screen  20 . For test strips manufactured without a spreading screen  20 , te separating layer  30  may be placed in contiguous contact between the lower surface of the upper support layer  12  and the upper surface of the membrane  40 . The treated separating layer  30  removes approximately 80% of the red blood cells from the blood sample. The remaining blood cells are then removed by the membrane  40 . A preferred separating layer  30  includes a woven fabric of 50% polyester/50% cotton having mesh openings of about 25 microns, open voids area of 16-20%, and a thickness of about 0.010 inches. The separating layer  30  is treated before assembly with one or more agents that bond or adhere to the red blood cells without lysing them so as to avoid releasing red colorization to the reaction membrane. These bonding agents capture the red blood cells and hold them on the separating layer.  
         [0036]     The separating layer  30  should comprise a material that minimizes the absorption of plasma to maximize the plasma which reaches the membrane  40 . This is desirable as it results in requiring less blood from the user. If present, the spreading screen  20  is less dense than the separating layer  30 . Thus, mesh size openings found in the separating layer  30  are smaller than that for the spreading screen  20 , preferably from 20 to 200 microns. The amount of fabric occupied by voids is preferably 15 to 60%. A preferred fabric for the separating layer is polyester, cotton, or a 50/50 polyester-cotton blend.  
         [0037]     The separating layer  30  is preferably pretreated with a blood cell separating agent prior to assembly to enhance filtration. The blood cell separating agents imbibed in the separating layer  30  may be any agent known by a practiced artisan to bind to red blood cells without lysing them. These agents include lectins, antibodies to red blood cells, water soluble salts with potassium citrate, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, and the like Lectins are preferred and include proteins or glycoproteins that recognize specific sequences of polysaccharide residues. The lectin or other binding agent is applied by dipping the separating layer fabric into a solution of the lectin or other agent and allowing the wetted fabric to air dry. The solution can be prepared in concentrations that are easily handled in standard test strip manufacturing equipment. Typically, 2-7% solutions are acceptable. The separating layer  30  is preferably dipped into a 2% solution of a lectin derived from kidney beans and allowed to air dry.  
         [0038]     Numerous other lectins are commercially available. Some commercially available lectins and the specific sugar residues they recognize are Concanavalin A (Alpha-glucose and alpha-D-mannose), soybean lectin (D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine), wheat germ lectin (N-acetyl glucosamine), lotus seed lectin (fucose), potato lectin (N-acetyl glucosamine), dilichos biflorus agglutinin (N-acetyl galactose-aminyl), and legume derived lectins such as lentil lectin (Alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose).  
         [0039]     The membrane  40  is preferably isotropic (symmetrical), that is, uniformly porous. The membrane  40  should be optically white. The membrane  40  provides a medium for holding a reagent and conditioning solution which together produces a color change in the membrane  40  in response to the analyte of interest. In addition, the treated membrane  40  filters the blood sample to remove any remaining red blood cells from the whole blood sample. For other samples, the treated membrane  40  provides necessary filtration as well. A preferred membrane for the detection of glucose analytes comprises a hydrophilic polysulfone membrane having a pore size of 0.2 to 3.0 microns. Such a membrane is manufactured by Gelman Sciences of Ann Arbor, Mich., and has been referred to as Thermopor®. The Supor® 450 membrane is another acceptable membrane which has a pore size of approximately 0.45 microns. Although these membrane are preferred, other isotropic membranes may be used. In fact, membranes produced by other manufacturers may be required for testing analytes other than glucose. Some of these membranes include nylon membranes made by Pall and supported polysulfone membranes made by MSI.  
         [0040]     Prior to assembly of the strip  10 , the membrane  40  is treated with reagents and conditioning agents in a single dip process. Thereafter, the membrane is allowed to dry. It should be noted that the conditioning process may be other than single dip. Preferably, a six-inch wide membrane of Thermopor®, having a pore size between 0.2 and 3.0 microns is dipped into a solution at seven (7) milliliters of solution per linear foot of membrane. A Supor® 450 membrane having a pore size of approximately 0.45 microns may also be used in place of the Thermopor® and dipped in the same solution at the same rate.  
         [0041]     The instant invention comprises a reagent solution that facilitates end-point testing in a corresponding meter. This solution preferably comprises deionized water (700 mL/L), citric acid (tri-sodium salt dihydrate, 52.9 g/L), citric acid (FAM, 4.2 g/L), MAOS (6.6 g/L), 4-Aminoantipyrine (6.1 g/L), 10% Gantrez AN-139 (50 mL/L), polyvinylpyrrolidone and an enzyme solution (100 mL/L). The enzyme solution may include glucose oxidase, peroxidase, 5-dimethoxyaniline, buffers and stabilizers. The prior solution of 4 gms citric acid (free acid monohydrate), 54 g of citric acid (otrisodium salt dihydrate), 60 g polyvinylpyrrolidone, 50 IU/L catalase, 4 g bovin serum albumin (BSA), 0.0055 gm O-Tolidine-Hydrochloride, 0.067 ml. deionized water, 0.0075 gm BSA, 0.0003 gm. glycerol, 11.0 IU peroxidase, 9.5 IV glucose oxidase, 0.002 ml DOSS and 0.003 ml of Gantrez AN-139 may also be used if end-point testing is not conducted.  
         [0042]     Best results are obtained from the reaction membrane when it contains, in addition to the specific reagent solution noted above, certain conditioning agents which improve the performance of the reaction membrane. The conditioning agents are generally incorporated into a blend of the reactants in the solution before the latter are incorporated into the reaction membrane. For example, when preparing a reaction layer for a glucose test strip, a base solution is prepared with citric acid, PVP and BSA. This serves as the base to which the chromogen indicator system and other reactants, e.g. peroxidase and glucose oxidase, are added. It has also been found that the color generation by the reaction is stabilized and its readability enhanced by adding a small amount (0.0005-0.009 ml/L of solution) of DOSS (dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium) available from Sigma Chemical Company. Gantrez AN 139 (a 2.5 furandione polymer with methoxyethene otherwise known as a methyl vinyl ether copolymer with maleic anhydride) at a level of about 0.0005-0.009 ml/L of solution may also be added to aid in conditioning the membrane.  
         [0043]     In use, one places a drop of blood of about 25 microliters, from a finger stick for example, into the sample receiving port  15  onto the screen surface. The invention can work well with a sample volume from 10 to 50 microliters of sample.  
         [0044]     Prior to the end-point test, a rate test was conducted whereby reflectance was measured by the meter at time equal to forty-five (45) seconds. The rate test; however, does not provide predictable reliability. The end-point test takes reflectance readings at five (5) second increments until successive readings differ by less than five percent (5%). This ensures that the measurement is taken after the reaction has substantially stopped. Since successive measurements are taken until the “end-point” of the reaction, the blood sample may be applied to the strip outside the meter.  
         [0045]     The color obtained at the reaction viewing port  18  of the reaction membrane correlates to the amount of glucose in the original sample. The reading can be done by a visual comparison to a color chart of varied and defined color intensities at various concentrations of glucose. It is preferred that a reflectance meter be used to make a reflectance reading of the reacted color. The meter performs a computer analysis by comparing the reflectance reading to standard reflectances obtained on known concentrations of glucose in reaction with the membrane reactants.  
         [0046]     The instant invention has been shown and described herein in what is considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment. It is recognized, however, that departures may be made therefrom within the scope of the invention and that obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.