Abstract:
A load handler is capable of loading and unloading tall unitary resilient loads such as large construction tires or other tall compressible loads such as bales normally considered incompatible for shipment in standard closed-top containers, to enable such compatibility economically. The load handler has a pair of vertically spaced load clamping arms, the upper arm being capable of rotating such a resilient load selectively onto or off of the lower arm while the load is compressed between the load clamping arms.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Tall resilient unitary loads, such as large deformable tires for construction vehicles, or other large deformable approximately cylindrical loads such as straw bales, have previously been transported in tall vertical orientations either in a vertically uncompressed condition, as exemplified by U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,061,942 and 8,434,778, or in a vertically compressed condition as exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 6,532,718. 
     A problem with the foregoing vertically uncompressed condition is that the tall height of the unitary load can prevent its insertion into commonly-used standard closed-top cargo-carrying containers. Such vertically uncompressed condition can also interfere with the load&#39;s passage under low-overhead obstacles. 
     Conversely, the foregoing vertically compressed condition presents a difficult problem of increased cost of time and machinery necessary to compress and then insert tall unitary loads into a closed-top cargo-carrying container prior to travel, and later decompress and remove the load from the container upon arrival at its destination. 
     Accordingly what is needed is an economical and effective system which can quickly vertically compress and insert tall resilient unitary loads into a standard closed-top cargo-carrying container having a lower interior height than the height of the uncompressed loads, and later quickly extract the compressed loads from their containers at their delivery destinations. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a side view of an example of a novel lift truck-mountable load handling clamp assembly, in accordance with the present invention, which is capable of satisfying the foregoing needs. 
         FIG. 2  is a front view of the exemplary clamp assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a top view of the exemplary clamp assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a side view of the exemplary clamp assembly of  FIG. 1  shown preparing to engage an exemplary large-diameter resilient load in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a side view of the exemplary clamp assembly of  FIG. 1  shown vertically compressing the exemplary large-diameter resilient load of  FIG. 4  and subsequently rotationally pulling the compressed load rearwardly toward the clamp assembly by horizontal retraction of the upper arm of the clamp assembly to more firmly grip the load. 
         FIG. 6  is a simplified schematic side view of the load handler of  FIG. 5  exemplifying its subsequent insertion of the compressed resilient load of  FIG. 5  into a vertically restricted open end of an exemplary conventional closed-top cargo-carrying container. 
         FIG. 7  exemplifies the load handler&#39;s subsequent deposit of the compressed load inside the open end of the container while still compressing the load. 
         FIG. 8  exemplifies the load handler&#39;s subsequent partial decompression of the load inside the cargo-carrying container permitting the load to expand upwardly. 
         FIG. 9  exemplifies the load handler&#39;s subsequent rolling of the partially decompressed load further into the cargo-carrying container into contact with a previously-inserted load and releasing the load from the grasp of the load handler. 
         FIG. 10  exemplifies extraction of the load handler from the load. 
         FIG. 11  exemplifies extraction of the load handler from the cargo-carrying container. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A novel type of load handling clamp assembly is exemplified herein for compressing, loading and unloading of tall resilient unitary loads, such as large deformable tires for construction vehicles or other large deformable approximately cylindrical loads such as straw bales, by resiliently deforming them into curved shapes capable of being efficiently loaded, transported and unloaded in standard closed-top cargo-carrying containers having restricted heights normally unsuitable for transporting such tall loads. Although the particular embodiment of the clamp assembly exemplified herein is mounted on a conventional load handling lift truck, it should be understood that lift truck mountability, while desirable, is not intended herein to exclude alternative possibilities of incorporating the novel load handling clamp assembly integrally into self-propelled vehicles such as Automated Guided Vehicles, or into stationary clamping machines. 
       FIGS. 1-11  show side, front and top views, respectively, of one nonexclusive example of a load handling clamp, generally indicated as  10 , which satisfies the foregoing requirements of the improved system. It will be apparent to the skilled person that alternative variations of  FIGS. 1-11  would also satisfy the foregoing requirements, and such variations are also intended to be covered hereby. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 1-3 , the foregoing load handling clamp  10  includes a load-supporting carriage assembly generally indicated as  12  which is preferably supported on a conventional load-handling lift truck (not shown) by a conventional downwardly-facing elongate slidable hook  14  of a transversely-slidable load-supporting carriage  16 . The hook  14  and carriage  16  are slidable transversely on a slide member  18 , which supports the carriage hook  14  as shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , in response to the selective extension or retraction of a side-shifting hydraulic cylinder  19  or other type of side-shifting actuator such a hydraulically or electrically-driven screw. It should be noted that hydraulically and/or electrically-driven actuators are considered to be interchangeable as actuators for purposes of the present invention. 
     The slide member  18  is supportably mounted on a conventional carriage of a lift truck (not shown) which can selectively raise or lower the entire carriage assembly  12  in a conventional hydraulic or electric manner in response either to a lift truck operator&#39;s manual command or automatically in response to lift truck programming, or a combination of both, as desired. The carriage assembly  12  preferably rigidly supports a lower forwardly-extending load clamping arm  20  as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , which is selectively vertically movable in response to the lift truck&#39;s raising or lowering of the carriage assembly  12 . The clamping arm  20  could also, or alternatively, be vertically pivotally supported on the carriage assembly  12  if desired. 
     With further reference to  FIGS. 1-3 , protruding slidably upward from the carriage assembly  12  is an upper load clamping arm assembly, indicated as  22 , which opposes the lower load clamping arm  20 . The upper clamping arm assembly  22  is selectively vertically extensible and retractable with respect to the load-supporting carriage assembly  12  and lower load clamping arm  20  by a vertical hydraulic cylinder  24  as seen in  FIG. 2 . Also, at the top of the upper clamping arm assembly  22 , multiple horizontally side-by-side hydraulic cylinders  26  are provided as seen in  FIG. 3  to selectively horizontally extend or retract, in unison, an upper clamp arm  28  which is horizontally slidably supported on rail assembly  30 . The upper clamp arm assembly  22  utilizes the side-by-side multiple horizontal cylinders  26  in order to provide a powerful horizontal linear extension and retraction capability of the upper clamping assembly, while minimizing its vertical space requirement and thrust resistance by means of a gradual vertically offsetting clamp arm section  28   a . Thus the upper clamp arm  28  selectively slidably opposes the lower clamp arm  20  by means of the vertical hydraulic cylinder  24 , and also is selectively extensible and retractable horizontally with respect to the lower clamp arm  20  by means of the multiple horizontal hydraulic cylinders  26  which must extend and retract the clamp arm  28  in the extremely limited space between the top of the load and the top of a closed-top container, as explained hereafter. The multiple horizontal cylinders  26  could alternatively be replaced by a typical telescopic cylinder arrangement. 
     With reference to  FIG. 4 , in a typical loading operation a resilient unitary load, such as a tall deformable construction tire  32 , can be approached along a direction  34  by a conventional lift truck upon which is mounted the above-described carriage  16  and its attached load handling clamp assembly  10 . Prior to such approach, the clamp arms  20  and  28  will have been spread apart by the cylinder  24  such that they can encompass the load  32  as shown in  FIG. 4 , and the upper clamp arm  28 ,  28   a  will have been extended forwardly by the hydraulic cylinders  26  as also shown in  FIG. 4 . The lower face of arm  20  will have been lowered preferably so as to touch, or be very close to, the surface upon which the tire  32  or other type of load is supported. 
     Thereafter the forwardly extended upper clamp arm  28 ,  28   a  can be moved downwardly, by retraction of the cylinder  24 , into contact with the top of the load  32  to compress it vertically, after which the hydraulic cylinders  26  can retract the upper clamp arm  28 ,  28   a  rearwardly thereby forcing the load to rotate clockwise as shown in  FIG. 5 . Such rotation rolls the load toward the carriage  16  thereby securing the load more positively between the clamp arms, while also increasing the lift truck&#39;s counterbalanced load-lifting capacity by moving the load closer to the lift truck&#39;s front axle. 
     Such vertical compression of the load continues until the load is compressed to a height, as exemplified in  FIG. 6 , whereby the top of the compressed load can fit below the horizontal roof beam or “header”  32  of a closed-top container  36  when lifted slightly by the lift truck to be inserted into the container  36  as shown in  FIG. 6 . Then the compressed load is lowered onto the container floor by the lift truck as shown in  FIG. 7 . 
     In  FIG. 8 , the upper clamp arm  28  is raised by the cylinder  24  and the load is thereby preferably permitted to expand partially within the container while retaining sufficient compression to frictionally engage the load to push the load forwardly into the container. Thereafter the load can be further rolled forwardly, if needed, by extension of the upper clamp arm  28  as shown in  FIG. 9 , thereby releasing the lower clamp arm  20  from beneath the load as also shown in  FIG. 9  and facilitating subsequent retraction of the clamp arms from the load. 
     In  FIG. 10 , the upper clamp arm  28  is retracted from the roll and lowered by the cylinder  24  to below the top of the container opening defined by the bottom of the foregoing “header”  32  of the container. In  FIG. 11  the clamp  10  is retracted from the container, enabling closing of the container and shipment of the load therein. 
     Unloading of the container at its destination is by means of a substantial reversal of the foregoing steps of  FIGS. 4-11 . 
     The terms and figures which have been employed in the foregoing specification are used therein as examples and not as limitations, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and figures, of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, it being recognized that the scope of the invention is defined and limited only by the claims which follow.