Abstract:
Described are embodiments for valuing products or services. In one embodiment, a buyer is enabled to anonymously access content from a website, choose one of several payment options that most closely reflect the buyer&#39;s perceived value of the content and to pay for the product while still maintaining anonymity. The buyer is required to make a payment, even if it is zero, to maintain his/her purchase power and ability to continue buying from a particular seller as well as to use this facility. The embodiment maintains statistical data on all purchases and an amount paid by each of the buyers and offers an ability to provide and display numerical and textual feedback to the sellers regarding the quality and relevance of the accessed content.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     E-commerce has grown exponentially during the last decade. The majority of sales revenue, however, was generated by the sales of tangible goods and services due, among other factors, to improved public confidence in transaction security. 
     Sales of products available for purchase online (i.e., through the Internet) continue to lag behind this trend primarily because of a prospective purchaser&#39;s perceived risk of receiving material of dubious value or relevancy, their inability to evaluate relevance and/or quality of a product prior to making the decision to actually purchase the product or material, the practical limitations on their ability to effectively return unsatisfactory products or obtain a refund for such products, the risks associated with providing personal and financial information to an unknown seller, and their perception that a suitable free-of-charge product is or may be available on another website. 
     Attempts have been made by various sellers to overcome these impediments by offering products with a deferred payment option or simply offering products free of charge in an attempt to receive some indirect compensation. 
     Other contributing factors that tend to force e-sellers to give away their products are an inability to adequately advertise themselves as a brand, an inability to form and sustain long-term relationships with their potential customers, the difficulties with portraying a product&#39;s value and relevance to their prospective customers, and the absence of a system that encourages payment for a valuable product or service. 
     In an effort to get at least some monetary compensation for their products or services some providers of software, music, art, professional services, scientific and research papers, expert help, business consulting, image processing and others seek voluntary payments from consumers. Often these providers depend upon Tips and Donation payment schemes. However, because such schemes request a voluntary payment prior to delivery of the content or service when the value of the content is still uncertain, few, if any, such content providers have effectively captured commensurate value on a consistent basis. These content providers must contend with the facts that their potential customers have no way to evaluate the usefulness and relevance of their product before paying for it, that often there is no on-going relationship between a seller and a buyer, thus it is not safe to pay in advance of delivery of the product or service, and that even if a customer is satisfied with the product or service there is little assurance that a buyer will make a donation at a date much after the product is received and used unless they are reminded of their implied obligation to do so. 
     Embodiments of the present invention have been made in light of these and other considerations. However, the relatively specific problems discussed above do not limit the applicability of the embodiments of the present invention. 
     SUMMARY 
     The summary is provided to introduce aspects of some embodiments of the present invention in a simplified form, and is not intended to identify key or essential elements of the claimed invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claims. 
     Embodiments of the present invention enable sellers of items (e.g., content providers, sellers of product, or sellers of services) to select from a configurable set of sales rules for each item they offer, including among other parameters the suggested price, the initial credit extended to individual buyers, referred to as the Initial Purchase Power Value, and a Weight Coefficient—a parameter that determines the affect that each purchase transaction makes on a buyer&#39;s Initial Purchase Power Value. Content buyers, when requesting to access a product from the seller&#39;s website, are automatically redirected to create an account while providing only an e-mail address. Embodiments protect the buyer&#39;s identity from the seller, allow accessing of content, calculate the buyer&#39;s remaining purchase power and later send a notification which includes a link to the buyer&#39;s account with a request to pay for the accessed items. 
     The buyer accesses an account where a periodic statement containing a list of accessed items is displayed. The buyer is required to select one of several discrete payment options, including a payment of zero that most closely reflects his or her satisfaction level with the product and their perceived value of the product for each accessed item. A buyer then uses a payment processing service of their choice, in order to maintain anonymity of the purchase, to make payment. The buyer is provided with a mechanism and is encouraged to provide textual and numerical feedback on the accessed item&#39;s quality or usefulness to the seller while still maintaining anonymity. The buyer accesses his account where a periodic statement requesting payment and containing a list of accessed items is displayed. The buyer is also provided with a mechanism and is encouraged to provide textual and numerical feedback on an accessed item&#39;s quality or usefulness to the seller while still maintaining anonymity. Embodiments may be implemented as a computer process, a computing system or as an article of manufacture such as a computer storage medium. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments are described with reference to the following figures. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a system according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates an environment for implementing a content valuation system according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an environment for implementing a content valuation system according to a second embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a process of providing content and valuing content according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a statement requesting payment from a user for accessed content, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a user information for accepting feedback from a user for accessed content, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a process of registering content providers according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a form for receiving sales rules from a content provider, according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a basic computing device for implementing embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The principles of the present invention may be further understood by reference to the following detailed description and the embodiments depicted in the accompanying drawings. 
       FIG. 1  is a simplified depiction of an environment including system  100  according to one embodiment.  FIG. 1  shows relationships and communications between some elements of system  100 .  FIG. 1  shows a user  102  that utilizes a computing device  104  (e.g., a client computing device) for accessing a network  106  (e.g., the Internet). Computing device  104  may have a browser that user  102  uses to search network  106 . Content providers  108  and  110  are also connected to network  106  and are illustrated as computing devices (e.g., server computing devices) that provide access to content that user  102  may access and in some embodiments download to computing device  104 . Content providers  108  and  110  may include databases for storing content and websites through which user  102  can access content from the providers  108  and  110 . As those with skill in the art will appreciate, content providers  108  and  110  may provide different types of content examples including but not limited to software applications, music, art, video content, games, periodicals, books, and scientific/research papers. As those with skill in the art will also appreciate, content providers  108  and  110  may provide access to content in any suitable way. For example, content providers  108  and  110  may provide access to digital content by allowing the content to be read, viewed, downloaded, executed, streamed, otherwise stored, printed, displayed, etc. The present invention is not limited to any particular mechanism of accessing content. 
     Also shown in  FIG. 1  is content valuation system  112  shown as a computing device (e.g., a server computing device). As described in greater detail below, content valuation system  112  provides an infrastructure for valuing content accessed from content providers such as content providers  108  and  110 . In embodiments, content providers  108  and  110  register and establish an account with content valuation system  112  to provide their content to users, such as user  102 , under a set of restrictions generally referred to as sales rules. As described in greater detail below, the sales rules indicate parameters and conditions for allowing a user to access content from a content provider. 
     User  102  also registers and establishes an account with content valuation system  112  to obtain access to content provided by content providers  108  and  110 . By utilizing content valuation system  112  to obtain content, user  102  is assigned a numeric access value (also referred to in some embodiments as Purchase Power Value or PPV) that allows a user to access on-line content provided by content providers  108  and  110 . Each individual content provider  108  and  110  can indicate, as part of their sales rules, what amount of PPV is provided to a user. 
     By assigning a PPV to the user, content valuation system  112  and registered content providers  108  and  110  allow users to access content within the limit of this PPV provided to the user. After a predetermined evaluation period (set by the content providers when registering with content valuation system  112 ), content valuation system  112  sends or displays a statement to users to provide them an opportunity to pay for the content and provide evaluation information about the used content. Additional details about the functionality and operation of embodiments of content valuation system  112  are described below. 
     A payment processing system  114  is also shown in  FIG. 1 . The payment processing system  114  provides a service for processing payments from users for content accessed from content provider system  108 . The payment processing system  114  is used, in some embodiments, for facilitating the payment to a content provider for content that the user previously accessed digitally, including but not limited to audio and video streaming and web-based applications. Examples of payment processing systems include, but are not limited to, credit card processing systems and the systems/services known as PayPal, Google Checkout, Wirecard, Moneybookers, 2Checkout, CCNow or Kagi. As those with skill in the art will appreciate, any payment process or payment system can be utilized. 
       FIG. 2  is a simplified depiction of a basic environment in accordance with one embodiment.  FIG. 2  is merely one embodiment that shows the overall relationships and communications between elements. The following description is not intended to be limiting but merely to describe a basic embodiment. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the embodiment includes a process control application  202  for a valuation system that resides on a computer or server that is logically connected to a network readily accessible by a user  204 , a provider  206 , and a payment processing system  208  which may be external to and independent from user  204  and provider  206 . Also indicated are several connections connecting two or more of application  202 , user  204 , and provider  206 . The valuation system and application  202  is consistent with one embodiment of the present invention. 
     User  204  in embodiments is a consumer of products or services and may, or may not, have had prior contact with provider  206 . In some embodiments, user  204  utilizes a client computer with a browser. At some point user  204  encounters provider  206  and learns enough about a product or service provided by provider  206 . For example, in embodiments provider  206  may include a website that provides information about products or services and also allows users such as user  204  to request products or services. User  204  initiates a request  220  for a product or service from provider  206 . 
     When provider  206  receives request  220  the provider  206  determines whether the requested product or service is being offered using a valuation system consistent with embodiments of the present invention. If so, then the request  220  is redirected  222  to application  202 . 
     Application  202  then determines whether the user has previously registered with the valuation system. In this example, the user has previously registered. Application  202  determines if the user has enough credit, in some embodiments referred to as Purchase Power Value (PPV), with the provider  206  to access the requested product or service. In this example, the user  204  has not previously accessed any item from provider  206 . 
     As described in greater detail below, users sign up for PPV the valuation system. Each provider controls the PPV that a first time user can receive for products or services provided by a provider. When registering with the valuation system, the providers, e.g., provider  206 , sets rules regarding access to its products or services including an Initial Purchase Power Value (IPPV) assigned to first time users. The IPPV is typically set to an amount greater than the suggested price assigned to product or services that are being offered through the valuation system. Provider  206  could have a number of products or services, or multiple versions of a product or service. In one embodiment, the provider could set the IPPV of a user at a level that permits a first time user to only access introductory products or services. This may incentivize a user to provide feedback and/or make a payment (described in greater detail below) for the introductory products so that they can increase their PPV and be allowed to download products or services with more features. 
     Application  202  determines that the user, being a first time user, has an initial IPPV that allows it to access the requested product or service. At this point, the application  202  sends a reply  224  to the provider  206  indicating that the access may be granted. 
     When the provider  206  receives the reply  224 , it allows user  204  to access  226  the product or service. When access  226  is provided to the user  204 , the provider will send a message  228  to the application  202  indicating that download is complete. Application  202  will then adjust the PPV according to the rules defined by provider  206  for this particular product or service. The user  204  in embodiments has some period of time, for example thirty days, to install, use, or in some manner take advantage of the product or service that was accessed. 
     At some point in time, a customer statement will be generated by the application  202  of the valuation system. The statement includes at least a line item associated with the product or service accessed and used. After this customer statement has been generated the application  202  generates a communication, such as an email  230  to the user. In embodiment, the email may include a link that when selected generates a request  232  to retrieve the customer statement. The customer statement includes a list of products or services that the user has accessed that have been provided by provider  206  or other providers through the valuation system. In response to the request  232 , application  202  will send a reply  234  that provides access to the statement. 
     As part of the statement showing the various products or services which the user  204  has accessed, the user  204  has an opportunity to provide their personal opinion with respect to the quality, usefulness, or any other features of the product or service. The user may also choose to offer comments related to the product or service. The user  204  is also offered the opportunity to compensate the provider  206 . 
     For example, the user  204  may enter a monetary value in the statement and select a link to submit a response  236  with the amount the user  204  agrees to pay. The user  204  may also provide some form of text based feedback within response  236 , including one or more attachments, for example to illustrate some benefit derived from the use of the product or service. The feedback would remain anonymous unless the user  204  chose to include identifying information. 
     When the user  204  has completed reviewing the statement, indicated a monetary amount, and has entered any comments or feedback information in response  236 , application  202  will proceed to process payment of the monetary amount indicated by user  204 . In embodiments, the user may have an option to include a transaction identifier of their choosing, for example a purchase order number or other useful identifier in response  236 . 
     In some embodiments, a user  204  may provide application  202  with payment information in request  236 . For example, the user  204  may provide credit or debit card information to application  202 . Application  202  can then communicate with payment processing  208  to process the payment information and receive the monetary compensation. In some embodiments, the user can choose a payment method of their choice from among anonymous options, for example an intermediary payment processor such as Pay-Pal™. In these cases, payment processing  208  includes accessing these intermediary payment processors. 
     In other embodiments, the application  202  creates an appropriate invoice and provides a printable electronic statement/invoice to the user  204 . The invoice may include all information required for user  204  to submit payment via payment processing  208  or other systems. 
     In embodiments, application  202  checks, on a periodic basis, for confirmation of payment for invoices (payment requests). As each invoice clears (payment has been confirmed), the user&#39;s  204  account is updated to reflect the transaction as complete and triggers several additional processes within the valuation system&#39;s application  202 . 
     One process is to apply the rules established by provider  206  for allowing access to its product or service, namely a user&#39;s PPV. For example, if the user  202  chose to pay zero for the product or service accessed, then no payment would have been processed. Provider  206  may have established rules that maintain a user&#39;s PPV even if the user paid nothing for the product, as long as some feedback was provided. In some examples, provider  206  may establish rules that if neither payment nor feedback was offered by user  204 , the PPV will be reduced by some calculated amount. Likewise, depending upon the rules established by provider  206 , if user  204  paid some amount and some feedback was provided, user&#39;s  204  PPV could be increased. Overall it could be expected that products of more quality, usefulness, or at least of more likely perceived value would be downloaded more often providing an indicator to the provider  206  of the demand for the various product or service offerings. 
     On a periodic basis or on an ad hoc basis, for example once per month, application  202  of the valuation system generates and sends a consolidated statement  238  to provider  206 . The statement  238  includes, in embodiments, tabulations regarding each product or service offered by provider  206  including the number of successful accesses to products or services, the number of payments for products or services, the number of users that included feedback for each product or service, the total revenue generated, etc. These statements  238  are useful for provider  206  to get an understanding of the demand for each of its products or services. In response, provider  206  can modify the offerings of products and services, or can change rules to allow lesser or greater access to certain products or services, such as by requiring payment for products that are in higher demand. 
     In some embodiments, application  202  may store and aggregate data across data providers. The aggregated data can provide valuable information about a specific product or service that is provided by a number of providers. The data can be used to extract trends about users&#39; valuation of specific types of products or services, and also whether the type of provider makes a difference to a users&#39; valuation of the same product or service. These are just some examples of information that may be obtained by aggregating data across data providers. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that additional information can be obtained from the aggregated data. The information, or the raw data, can be made available as a service to providers, search engines, or other entities that can utilize the information. 
     Although some of the description herein, focuses on the access of content such as may be provided by content providers  108  and  110 , those with skill in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention are useful in providing and valuing other items besides digital content. For example, embodiments may be useful for providing and valuing services such as professional services, business consulting, expert help, and image processing, or for providing and valuing goods, e.g., as described above with respect to  FIG. 2 . 
       FIG. 3  shows a software environment illustrating, in more detail, features of an embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 3  shows a client  304 . Client  304  includes a browser  318  that a user of client  304  utilizes to search and access information available on a network such as the Internet.  FIG. 3  also shows a content provider  308  which is connected to the network and provides content data. A content valuation system  312  is also shown. 
     Content provider  308  may be implemented in embodiments on a server computer system that is connected to a network that allows communication with client  304  and content valuation system  312 . As shown in the embodiment of  FIG. 3 , content provider  308  includes content data  320 . Content data  320  may be any type of content data that users may desire to access, including, but not limited to, text, audio, video, or combinations thereof. Also, content provider  308  includes ID information  322  which identifies a particular seller and product (seller ID/product ID). Content provider  308  also includes redirect module  324 , which redirects download requests sent to content provider  308  to content valuation system  312 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , when content provider receives a request from a browser such as browser  318 , redirect module  324  redirects the request to content valuation system  312 . In embodiments, the redirected request may include ID information  322 . 
     Although shown in  FIG. 3  as stored at content provider  308 , in embodiments, the content data  320  and ID information  322  may be stored remotely from content provider  308 . For example, the content data  320  and ID information  322  may be located in remote data stores that are accessible to content provider  308  through a network. When content provider  308  requires access to content data  320  or ID information  322  it may access the remote data stores and retrieves the necessary information. 
     As shown in the embodiment of  FIG. 3 , content valuation system  312  includes redirect module  326 , decision logic  328 , a database  330  storing sales rules and seller information, a module  332  for calculating user purchase power, database  334  storing buyer transaction information, a provider product management module  336  and a payment module  338 . It should be understood that the illustration of content valuation system  312  shown in  FIG. 3  is merely one example of a content valuation system and in other embodiments may include additional components, or less than the components shown in  FIG. 3 . In embodiments, the databases  330  and  334  may be stored remotely from content valuation system  312 . For example, the databases may be stored remotely on servers that are accessible to content valuation system  312  through a network. When system  312  requires access to seller information or buyer transaction information it may access the databases  330  and  334  through a network and retrieve the necessary information. 
     The content valuation system  312  provides a framework for content provider  308  to provide content to users and realize value from providing the content as well as feedback as to the usefulness of the content. Content provider  308  initially registers with content valuation system  312 . As shown in the embodiment in  FIG. 3 , provider product management module  336  manages the registration of content provider  308 . As part of the registration process content provider  308  will create an account on content valuation system  312  that includes a provider ID and identification of content (e.g., product ID) that the provider  308  is making available to users. Also as part of the registration process, content provider  308  will also establish sales rules for providing content to users. Sales rules are described in greater detail below. The account is stored in database  330  of content valuation system  312 . After registration, content valuation system  312  manages the access of content data  320  from content provider  308 . 
     A user, such as a user utilizing browser  318  on client  304 , also registers with content valuation system  312  by entering registration information. In embodiments, one feature of content valuation system  312  is the relatively minor amount of information necessary for a user to register with system  312 . In these embodiments, a user may maintain relative anonymity and still have an opportunity to access content from a content provider such as content provider  308 . For example, in one embodiment, a user may only be required to enter an electronic mail (e-mail) address and select a password. However in other embodiments, a user may be required to enter more information in order to register with content valuation system  312 . After a user has entered registration information, an account is created and stored in a database  334  of content valuation system  312 . 
     As part of the process of acquiring content for a user, such as a user utilizing client  304 , system  312  will access sales rules stored in database  330  for content provider  308 . In embodiments, the sales rules will indicate an initial Purchase Power Value (IPPV) to assign to the newly registered user. The Purchase Power Value (PPV) is not limited to any specific process or system. It merely provides a value that indicates an amount of content that a user may access through the Internet from a specific content provider, such as content provider  308 . 
     In one embodiment, the PPVs may be treated as credits that are consumed when content is accessed by a user. As those with skill in the art will appreciate, any system or process that controls the amount of content that users are allowed to access may be used in lieu of or in addition to a PPV. 
     In one embodiment, when content provider  308  is registered with system  312 , and a user attempts to access content data from content provider  308 , the user is redirected, with redirect module  324  at content provider  308 , to redirect module  326  at system  312 . The user is prompted by system  312  to enter registration information. The redirected request may be referred to in some embodiments as an access validation request because the content provider is requesting that the system  312  validate the request from the user to access content from provider  308 . 
     Decision logic  328  determines whether the user has previously been registered. In those instances in which the user is not previously registered with system  312 , a new account is created by system  312  before allowing the requested content to be accessed from content provider  08 . In those instances in which a user has already registered with system  312 , decision logic  328  of system  312  will access the user&#39;s account from database  334  and determine whether the user&#39;s current PPV allows for the user to access the requested content, such as whether the current PPV is greater than a predetermined threshold value necessary for accessing content. If the user&#39;s current PPV allows for the user to access the requested content, decision logic  328  of system  312  sends an access validation response to provider  308  approving the content access. 
     Access to content data  308  includes, in embodiments, downloading or streaming data to client  304 . As those with skill in the art will appreciate, client  304  may include other applications including but not limited to plug-ins to browser  318  that allows a user on client  304  to view, listen, or otherwise utilize the content data  320  downloaded from content provider  308 . 
     After a user has accessed content data  320  from content provider  308  and a predetermined evaluation time period has passed, system  312  provides a statement to the user. The statement provides a plurality of payment options for the user to pay for the previously accessed content. In some embodiments, the payment options include a suggested retail price for the accessed content and one or more options for payment of an amount less than the suggested retail price. In one embodiment, the payment options will include an option for not making any payment for the accessed content. System  312  includes a payment module  338  that manages the sending or displaying of the statement and payment by the user. Also shown in  FIG. 3  is an external payment processing service  314 . As noted above with respect to payment service  114  ( FIG. 1 ) external payment processing service  314  may in embodiments include credit card processing systems/services or the systems/services known as PayPal, Google Checkout, Wirecard, Moneybookers, 2Checkout, CCNow or Kagi. 
     In embodiments, module  332  of system  312  may send a request to a user to provide evaluation information for the accessed content. For example, a form may be sent or displayed to provide selections for a user to provide their opinions on the characteristics of the accessed content, such as quality, usefulness, ease of use, etc. The request for evaluation information may be sent or displayed as part of the statement sent to the user for payment or separately from the statement. 
     In some embodiments, system  312  will also maintain statistics or other information that can be useful to a content provider. For example, in embodiments system  312  will store, in the database  334 , information regarding the number of times particular content has been requested. System  312  may also store payment history for content. In other words how much users paid for the content. 
     In other embodiments, logic  328  of system  312  automatically adjusts different parameters. For example, using the statistics described above, logic  328  of system  312  automatically changes the suggested retail price of content depending on the history of users&#39; payment for the content. That is, logic  328  of system  312  will reduce the suggested retail price of content if statistics show that no one has paid the suggested retail price, or in other embodiments that no one has paid even 75% of the suggested retail price. This is merely one example of automatic changes that logic  328  may make in some embodiments of the present invention. 
       FIGS. 1-3  are only examples of possible embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. Other embodiments may include combinations of features described individually with respect to  FIGS. 1-3 . For example, in some embodiments, the content valuation system and the content provider may be located at the same location or even on the same server. 
       FIGS. 4 and 5  illustrate operational flows  400  and  500  according to embodiments. Operational flows  400  and  500  may be performed in any suitable environment. For example, the operational flows may be executed in environments such as illustrated in  FIGS. 1-3 . Therefore, the description of operational flows  400  and  500  may refer to at least one of the components of  FIGS. 1-3 . However, any such reference to components of  FIGS. 1-3  is for descriptive purposes only, and it is to be understood that the implementations of  FIGS. 1-3  are non-limiting environments for operational flows  400  and  500 . 
     Furthermore, although operational flows  400  and  500  are illustrated and described sequentially in a particular order, in other embodiments, the operations may be performed in different orders, multiple times, and/or in parallel. Further, one or more operations may be omitted or combined in some embodiments. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates an operational flow  400  according to an embodiment, for providing content to a user. In embodiments, flow  400  is performed by a content valuation system such as those described above  112  ( FIG. 1) and 312  ( FIG. 3 ). The content valuation system can be used to provide content from content providers to users. Flow  300  includes operation  302  where an access validation request is received. The access validation request may in some embodiments be received from a content provider such as content providers  108  and  110  ( FIG. 1 ) or content provider  308  ( FIG. 3 ). The access validation request may be a redirect of a request from a user to access content from a content provider. The request includes information about a user requesting to access content from a content provider. After operation  402 , a determination is made at decision  404  as to whether the user has previously been registered. If at decision  404  a determination is made that the user has not previously been registered, flow passes to operation  406  where registration information is received from a user. 
     A feature of some embodiments is the relatively small amount of information that is required from a user to register at operation  406 . In some embodiments, the user is only required to enter an electronic mail address and a password. These embodiments advantageously provide a user with relative anonymity. As those with skill in the art will appreciate, some users desire to maintain anonymity when accessing information from content providers (e.g., websites) that are not trusted. 
     After operation  406 , flow passes to operation  408  where a user account is created using the registration information received at operation  406 . At operation  410 , the user account is stored in one or more computer storage media. From the request received at operation  402 , operation  412  identifies the content provider from which the request to access content originated. This operation may be performed by simply evaluating the request for an identifier associated with the content provider. 
     After the content providers identified, flow  400  passes to operation  414  where Sales rules associated with the identified content provider are accessed. These sales rules are rules that have been previously established by the content provider for providing content for user. As those with skill the art will appreciate, operation  414  may involve accessing a database, or data store, that stores an account for the content provider and the sales rules associated with the content provider. 
     Sales rules are parameters and conditions established by a content provider for providing content to users. For example, sales rules may include a suggested retail price for content, a discount policy for allowing a user to pay less than the suggested retail price, an initial numeric value (also referred to in embodiments as Initial Purchasing Power), which is a numeric figure that reflects the initial purchasing credit that is extended to a user by the content provider to access content from the content provider. 
     The sales rules accessed at operation  414  are used to assign a Purchase Power value at operation  416 . As noted above, the Purchase Power value is a numeric figure that reflects the amount of content that a content provider will initially allow a user to access. The Purchase Power value is not limited to any specific process or system. It merely provides a value that indicates an amount of content that a user may access from a specific content provider. The Purchase Power values are treated in embodiments as credits that are consumed when content is accessed by a user. As those with skill in the art will appreciate, any system or process that controls the amount of content that users are allowed to access may be used in lieu of or in addition to an access value. The Purchase Power value assigned to operation  316  is stored at operation  418  in association with the user account. 
     At operation  420 , an access validation response approving access of the content is sent. In embodiments, the response will be sent to the content provider that originated the request received at operation  402 . 
     After operation  420 , a statement requesting payment for the accessed content is provided to the user at operation  422  after a predetermined evaluation period. The evaluation period provides the user an opportunity to evaluate and use the accessed content. The statement provided at operation  422  will in embodiments include a number of payment options for the user. In embodiments, operation  422  may include sending an e-mail to a user&#39;s e-mail address with the statement. The e-mail may include a link that a user can click to access the statement. 
     One example of a statement that may be sent at operation  422  is illustrated in  FIG. 5 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , the statement may include the product description  502  of accessed content. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 5 , a user has accessed more than one content (i.e., first content and second content). The statement also shows a plurality of payment options  504  that the user may select to pay for the content.  FIG. 5  is only one embodiment and other statement formats may be used as appropriate. 
     Also shown in  FIG. 5 , is a user interface element  506  that when selected allows a user to provide feedback. In one embodiment, selection of element  506  will result in display of a feedback interface  600 . As shown in  FIG. 6 , interface  600  provides a number of interface elements that facilitate receiving feedback from the user. Interface  600  includes elements  602  which allow a user to select a percentage of a suggested price for the content accessed. The user may select one of the elements  602  based on a level of satisfaction with the content. Interface  600  also includes elements  606  which allow a user to indicate an overall level of satisfaction. Field  606  allows a user to enter text to provide comments. 
     One feature that is available in some embodiments is the ability to share information regarding content feedback with other people. As shown in  FIG. 6 , element  608  allows a user to select to share the feedback information with members of the user&#39;s social network. As those with skill in the art will appreciate, the feedback or other information may be shared using a social networking site or other social networking application. In other embodiments, selection of element  608  may generate some type of communication for example, but not limited to, email, Short Messaging Service message (i.e., text message), Multimedia Messaging Service message, audio message, or other communication. The user can then select the people to receive the communication and share the feedback or other information in this way. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 4 , in embodiments, the statement provided at operation  422  is provided periodically, such as monthly or weekly depending on the preference of the content provider. The statement may therefore include information for payment on all content accessed by a user over a selected period of time. In any case, the period of time may coincide or be different from the evaluation period described above. In some embodiments, a user is required to respond to the statements in order to continue using the valuation service even if the purchaser chooses to pay ‘zero’ to the content provider. 
     if at decision  404  a determination is made that a user has previously registered, flow passes to operation  424  where the user account is accessed from for example one or more computer storage media. As part of accessing the user account at operation  424 , a current Purchase Power value for the user provided by the content provider is accessed. After operation  424 , flow passes to decision  426  where a determination is made whether the current purchase power value is greater than a predetermined threshold value. 
     If at decision  426  a decision is made that the current Purchase Power value, for the user with respect to the content provider, is greater than a predetermined threshold value then flow passes to operation  420  where as indicated above, an access validation response approving access of the content is sent. In embodiments, the response will be sent to the content provider that originated the request received at operation  402 . After operation  420 , a statement requesting payment for the accessed content is provided to the user at operation  422  after a predetermined evaluation period. As noted above, the evaluation period provides the user an opportunity to evaluate and use the accessed content. 
     If at decision  426 , a decision is made that the current Purchase Power value is not greater than a threshold value; flow can pass to operation  428  where an access validation response with an indication of disapproval (i.e., denying the access of the content) is sent to the content provider. Flow  400  then ends. 
     Illustrated in dashed lines are additional operations  430 - 436  that may be part of some alternative embodiments of the present invention. In these embodiments, if at decision  426 , determination is made that the Purchase Power value is not greater than a threshold value, flow will pass to operation  430  which provides a user with a statement for payment of previously accessed content. This option may be useful in situations where a user may have not yet received a first statement because the evaluation period has not expired for the previously accessed content. In this instance, a user may have exhausted the Purchase Power value provided to the user by the content provider. Thus, operation  420  gives the user an opportunity to make any decisions with respect to previously accessed content and perhaps receive additional Purchase Power value for accessing additional content. 
     Operation  430  is followed by a decision  432  where a determination is made as to whether the user has provided payment information. If at decision  432  a determination is made that the user has not provided payment information, flow passes to operation  428  where an access validation response denying the access is sent to the content provider. 
     However, if at decision  432  a determination is made that the user has provided payment information, flow passes to operation  434  where sales rules for the content provider accessed. 
     As noted above, content providers establish sales rules for determining the conditions under which a user may access content from the content provider. In some embodiments, the sales rules will indicate how a user&#39;s payment history for previous content accessed from the content provider will affect the access value. This feature protects the content provider from users who may constantly access content from the content provider and never provide any payment for any of the content. Under such a circumstance, a content provider may establish a sales rule indicating that if the user has selected to make no payment on any previous content accessed from the content provided, no additional access value will be provided to the user. Not receiving any payment for accessed content may indicate to a content provider that the user does not perceive the content of the content provider to have much value. Accordingly, the content provider may not want to continue to provide free content to a user that does not perceive the content as valuable. 
     In other embodiments, a content provider may simply establish a sales rule indicating that as long as the user has provided some indication of payment information even if a zero payment is made, then additional Purchase Power value may be provided to the user. These are merely some examples of sales rules that a content provider may establish in order to tie together the payment behavior of a user with additional access value which allows a user to access additional content. Those with skill in the art will appreciate that in other embodiments, other appropriate sales rules that accomplish the goals of the content provider may be established. 
     After operation  434 , flow passes to operation  436 , where the Purchase Power value provided to the user is changed in accordance with the sales rules accessed at operation  434 . Flow then passes back to decision  426 , where a determination is made as to whether the current Purchase Power value after the change in Purchase Power value made at operation  436  exceeds the predetermined threshold value. In some embodiments, even after a user provides some payment for previously accessed content, the Purchase Power value may not be enough to allow the user to access additional content. In other embodiments, a content provider may establish sales rules that require a user to have a higher Purchase Power value for some content than for other content. In such a case, the request received at operation  400  to maybe a request to access content that requires a higher Purchase Power value than the user has even after he changed Purchase Power value operation  436 . From decision  426 , flow  400  may then proceed as previously described above. 
     As can be appreciated by the description of  FIG. 4 , flow  400  provides a number of advantages to both content providers and users accessing content. For example, a relationship is established whereby a user, who may not trust a content provider initially, can access content without risk that the user has to pay for content that it will later find is not useful. If this occurs, the embodiment described with respect to  FIG. 4  allows a user to simply pay zero for the accessed content. Also, in those embodiments in which the user provides minimal information, there is no risk that the content provider will maliciously use information about the user. 
     With respect to the content provider, the content provider does not have to merely give away content without any possibility of receiving a value for the content. As noted in the description of  FIG. 4 , if a user decides to make a payment of zero for accessed content, a content provider may establish sales rules that eventually will not allow the user to access any additional content. Thus, a user who finds the content from the content provider useful is encouraged to provide some value that is fair for the content accessed from the content provider or else they will no longer be allowed to access content. These are merely some advantages provided by the embodiments of the present invention described with respect to  FIG. 4 . These advantages are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention or the claimed subject matter and are merely being pointed out as features of some embodiments. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an operational flow  700  according to an embodiment, for providing registering a content provider with a content evaluation system for managing the distribution of content of the content provider. In embodiments, flow  700  is performed by a content valuation system such as those described above  112  ( FIG. 1) and 212  ( FIG. 2 ). The content valuation system can be used to provide content from content providers to users. Flow  700  includes operation  702  where a request to register a content provider is received. Operation  702  may occur by for example a content provider clicking the website associated with a content evaluation system. The content evaluation system may then request registration information from the content provider. As such, flow  700  passes from operation  702  to operation  704  where registration information from the content provider is received. As those with skill in the art will appreciate, operation  704  may be performed, in embodiments, by providing a form into which a content provider enters information. Any other suitable way for receiving information from the provider may be used in performing operation  704 . After operation  704 , flow passes to operation  706  where sales rules are received from the content provider. As noted in detail above, sales rules may include a number of different parameters including parameter or conditions that limit when a user may access content, the amount of initial access value (or Purchase Power) provided to a user. In other embodiments, sales rules may include information indicating how a user&#39;s payment history for previously accessed content may affect the amount of access value provided to the user. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a user interface screen that may be provided as part of implementing embodiments of the present invention. The user interface screen illustrated in  FIG. 8 , includes information that may be received during operations  704  and  706  of flow  700 . As illustrated in  FIG. 8  such information may include content name, content category, weight factors, suggested retail price, initial purchase power etc. As can be seen in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 8 , there is an element  802  that provides an option for a provider to select a charity for applying any money paid by users of the content. Element  804  provides a field for a provider to assign an initial purchase power to new users. Element  806  when selected allows a provider to add new products, e.g., content, to be provided using the valuation system. As those with skill in the art will appreciate,  FIG. 8  is merely one example of a user interface screen that may be used. In other embodiment, elements  802 ,  804 , and  806  may include, without limitation, one or more of drop down menus, buttons, fields, and text. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 7 , flow passes from operation  706  to operation  708  where an account is created for the content provider. The account may be associated with all of the information received from content provider during operations  704  and  706 . At operation  710 , the provider account is stored in one or more computer storage media. 
     In other embodiments, flow  700  may include additional operations not shown in  FIG. 7 . For example, after content providers registered, because provider may access information from the account created and stored in operations  708  and  710 . The provider may then make modifications such as adding additional content that will be distributed using the content valuation system. The provider may change sales rules such as the amount of initial access value (i.e., Purchase Power) provided to a user. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a general computer environment illustrated as computing device  900 , which can be used to implement the embodiments described herein. The computer environment  900  is only one example of a computing environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the computer and network architectures. Neither should the computer environment  900  be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated in the example computer environment  900 . 
     In its most basic configuration, environment  900  typically includes at least one processing unit  902  and memory  904 . Depending on the exact configuration and type of computing device, memory  904  may be volatile (such as RAM), non-volatile (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.) or some combination of the two. This most basic configuration is illustrated in  FIG. 9  by dashed line  906 . 
     Additionally, environment  900  may also have additional features/functionality. For example, environment  900  may also include additional storage  908  (removable and/or non-removable) including, but not limited to, magnetic or optical disks or tape. Such additional storage is illustrated in  FIG. 9  by storage  908 . 
     Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Memory  904  and storage  908  are examples of computer storage media. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices. Any such computer storage media may be part of environment  900 . 
     System  900  may also contain communications connection(s)  912  that allow the system to communicate with other devices. Communications connection(s)  912  is an example of communication media. 
     Environment  900  may also have input device(s)  914  such as keyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device, touch input device, etc. Output device(s)  916  such as a display, speakers, printer, etc. may also be included. All these devices are well know in the art and need not be discussed at length here. 
     Reference has been made throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment,” meaning that a particular described feature, structure, or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, usage of such phrases may refer to more than just one embodiment. Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. 
     One skilled in the relevant art may recognize, however, that the invention may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, resources, materials, etc. In other instances, well known structures, resources, or operations have not been shown or described in detail merely to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention. 
     While example embodiments and applications of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise configuration and resources described above. Various modifications, changes, and variations apparent to those skilled in the art may be made in the arrangement, operation, and details of the methods and systems of the present invention disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the claimed invention.