Abstract:
A method and system whereby a consumer creates a shopping list using a portable barcode scanner and an intelligent base-station. The entered barcodes are downloaded to the base-station from the barcode scanner. The base-station retrieves related barcode information from a barcode database via the Internet. The barcode database can belong to a merchant, or a generic shopping service. 
     The base-station can be a consumer&#39;s computer, or some other smart electronic device. The base-station maintains a predictive shopping list database for all barcodes entered via the barcode scanner. The database learns the shopping consumption habits of the consumer over a period of time and ensures that when the consumer is ready to shop no previously needed, but currently forgotten, items are left off of the shopping list. 
     The consumer uses this method to shop in a store, or via Mail-Order/Telephone-Order or on the internet using the created shopping list.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Today shoppers have a number of choices to shop for and to buy merchandise. 
     The usual way is for a consumer to go to a store, with or without a shopping list, locate the required items on the store&#39;s shelves, purchase them and then take the items home, or to work. 
     The first major evolution of shopping was the mail order catalog, which was first established in Chicago by Aaron Montgomery Ward and his brother-in-law George R. Thorne. By 1904, three million catalogs weighing 4 pounds each were being mailed to consumers. The next step in the shopping experience evolution was the advent of telephone catalog ordering. 
     Today these two shopping methods have been combined into a method called MOTO, i.e. Mail Order/Telephone Order. The MOTO purchasing model has a consumer browse a catalog that was mailed to the consumer; the consumer calls the mail order house&#39;s phone number and purchases the selected item, usually with a credit card. The merchandise is shipped to the consumer. 
     A recent historical evolution for shoppers occurred when the Internet exploded on the marketplace around about 1996. The current terminology for this method of consumer shopping is called e-commerce and B2C (i.e. Business To Consumer). According to the October 2000 report by NetValue (www.netvalue.com), 74.2 percent of the 52 million Internet connected US households visited an e-commerce web site. 40.6 percent of these households connected using a secure connection. This usually implies that a purchase was made or was considered over the Internet. The e-commerce shopping model is similar to the MOTO model, i.e. a consumer browses an online catalog, purchases the selected item with a credit card and the merchandise is shipped to the consumer. Various retailers have adopted this business model, e.g. groceries can be ordered online and delivered to a consumer. Examples of these grocery businesses include WebVan and Peapod. Other consumer e-commerce sites include Amazon.com and StoreRunner. 
     According to an Aug. 11, 2000 US Census Bureau news release, in 1997 sales of all kinds of merchandise from electronic shopping (e.g. via the Internet) and mail-order houses sold $79 billion of goods. Computer hardware, software and supplies accounted for 29 percent; clothing and footwear, 15 percent; and drugs, health aids and beauty aids, 13 percent. Details of this 1997 US Census Bureau report can be found on the Internet at www.census.gov/epcd/www/econ97.html. 
     Another interesting consumer shopping business model is the one from Qode Inc. (www.qode.com) This model has consumers scanning in Uniform Product Code (UPC) bar codes with a portable device called a Qoder. The bar codes are then transferred via a Qoder “base-station” device attached to the keyboard port on a PC. The bar codes are then uploaded to the Qode web site on the Internet and into a consumer&#39;s personal directory. Qode then searches for online deals and special promotions, or provides the nearest stores to the consumer that sells the scanned products. Qode is working on extending the means by which the consumer accesses their pricing web site, e.g. by manually entering the bar code via a cell phone or regular phone. A similar methodology is claimed by BarPoint.com (www.barpoint.com), which claims to have a patent pending on “search engine technology to allow businesses and consumers to use the UPC barcode number that appears on more than 100 million retail items to instantly obtain detailed product and price information from the Internet . . . . This information includes detailed product descriptions, comparative prices, links to order the product from vendor partners, product reviews, manufacturer contact information and much more.”. Problems with this system include forcing the consumer to connect to a central site to obtain a list of the scanned in bar codes and their description. Furthermore the keyboard interface requires specialized device drivers to be written for each personal computer (PC) operating system, e.g. MS Windows 95/98/NT/2000/ME/CE, Apple, Linux, Palm OS, etc. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,129,276 from Jelen, et al. teaches a similar model to the Qode shopping model. The &#39;276 patent teaches the use of a user terminal that has a UPC bar code scanner through which the user compiles a shopping list database. At this stage the user can selectively transmit the acquired shopping list database to a base unit located at a retailer via a network, such as the Internet. The central database can then shop for competitive products on the users shopping list, provide information on any coupons related to items on the shopping list and provide information on various options for specific products, e.g. various packaging sizes, etc. Similar problems with the Qoder apply to this patent as well, i.e. every time the consumer must connect to a central site to obtain a list of the scanned in bar codes and their description. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,884,281 from Smith, et al. teaches an electronic grocery list device which provides the consumer with a predetermined list of various common groceries from which the consumer assembles his own grocery list. The consumer&#39;s grocery list can be transmitted to a grocer via either a fax or data modem. Furthermore the consumer can print her grocery list via a printer attached to the &#39;281. The &#39;281 does not use a bar code scanner for input, not does it provide comparison-shopping like the &#39;276 and Qode system do. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,483,472 from Overman teaches a portable electronic food shopper similar to a pocket calculator. The &#39;472 does not interface with bar code scanners, or a central database, which provides other services including comparative online shopping. 
     An application on the Cybiko wireless appliance (www.cybiko.com) called the Grocery List provides consumers with a portable device in which to enter and carry a shopping list within. This is similar in principal to using various Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) such as from Palm, Handspring and Psion in which a consumer can use the To Do List function to maintain a shopping list. 
     Consumers use newspaper advertisements to help them shop. The Sunday newspapers are usually full of ad&#39;s that help guide a consumer. Another tried and tested method to shop is by word of mouth. Consumers share information about where they have purchased items, etc. 
     OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
     The objective is to provide the consumer with an array of convenient and easy to use choices with which the consumer is comfortable with in any variety of shopping experience. These shopping experiences include:
         Routine groceries, e.g. weekly milk, bread, vegetable, etc. needs.   One-time merchandise, e.g. for gifts, clothing, etc.   Choices for taking the product in hand, i.e. delivery, pickup, etc.       

    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic of the process that a consumer goes through when shopping for merchandise. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic of the invention&#39;s preferred embodiment of the shopping process outlined in  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Before describing the preferred embodiment of the current invention, we first must consider what a consumer generally does today when shopping for any item. In  FIG. 1  it can be seen that the shopping process a consumer undertakes is described Table 1: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 General Consumer&#39;s Shopping Experience Process 
               
               
                 The Average Shopping Experience 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Process Step 
                 Process Step Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1. 
                 The consumer identifies a need for the merchandise 1. This could 
               
               
                   
                 simply be the fact that a family member or friend&#39;s birthday is fast 
               
               
                   
                 approaching, or it could be the fact that the consumer has thrown out an 
               
               
                   
                 empty milk container and he is dying for a cup of coffee with milk. 
               
               
                 2. 
                 Once a need for an item has been identified 1, the consumer usually 
               
               
                   
                 browses for the merchandise. This can be done in a store aisle 8, in a 
               
               
                   
                 mail order catalog 9 or on a web site 10 on the Internet. Some 
               
               
                   
                 consumers use the newspaper ad&#39;s 99 to browse for merchandise. 
               
               
                 3. 
                 The next step in the shopping experience is to select the merchandise 3 
               
               
                   
                 that the consumer wishes to acquire. Once again, this can be done in a 
               
               
                   
                 store aisle 8, in a mail order catalog 9 or on a web site 10 on the 
               
               
                   
                 Internet. 
               
               
                 4. 
                 At this stage, the consumer has in mind what he is looking for. The 
               
               
                   
                 next step is usually to comparative shop for the item 4. For example, if 
               
               
                   
                 the consumer is in a store, then the consumer will search various shop 
               
               
                   
                 aisles 8 for similar products that are cheaper; or may have different 
               
               
                   
                 features for the same price. Similarly, a consumer may browse through 
               
               
                   
                 more than one mail order catalog 9 and locate a similar item that was 
               
               
                   
                 selected 3. It is relatively common for a web store 10, e.g. buy.com or 
               
               
                   
                 pricewatch.com, to locate similar items as the one selected by the consumer 3. 
               
               
                 5. 
                 Finally the consumer decides to get the merchandise, i.e. to order 
               
               
                   
                 merchandise 5. Depending on the type of shopping that the consumer is 
               
               
                   
                 doing, this could be either in a store 24 (i.e. what&#39;s called these days a 
               
               
                   
                 ‘brick-and-mortar’ store), via the telephone and MOTO 25, or on the 
               
               
                   
                 Internet via a web store 10. 
               
               
                 6. 
                 The next step is to pay for the merchandise 6. Depending on which 
               
               
                   
                 shopping model the consumer is engaged in; this step can be one of the 
               
               
                   
                 following payment forms; 
               
               
                   
                  a. Cash, 
               
               
                   
                  b. Check, 
               
               
                   
                  c. Credit card, 
               
               
                   
                  d. Cash on delivery (COD), or 
               
               
                   
                  e. Money order. 
               
               
                   
                 Generally in a store 24, the consumer will pay by credit card, check or 
               
               
                   
                 cash. For a MOTO 25 transaction the consumer usually uses a credit 
               
               
                   
                 card, but sometimes uses COD. Shopping online at a web store 10, the 
               
               
                   
                 consumer will generally pay using a credit card. Other forms of 
               
               
                   
                 payment methods have attempted to be incubated on the Internet 23, 
               
               
                   
                 e.g. cybercash (e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 6,061,665 issued to Bahreman et al. and 
               
               
                   
                 U.S. Pat. No. 5,815,657 issued to Williams et al.), but none have caught on to date. 
               
               
                 7. 
                 The final step, ignoring for the moment a ‘normal’ shopping experience 
               
               
                   
                 of returning purchased merchandise, is to get the merchandise ‘in hand’ 
               
               
                   
                 7. The consumer generally has a choice of taking the merchandise 
               
               
                   
                 from the store aisle 8, having the merchandise delivered 12 or picking 
               
               
                   
                 up the merchandise 13. Generally in this embodiment, pickup 13 is 
               
               
                   
                 considered as a drive-through pickup, similar to drive-through banks, 
               
               
                   
                 fast food stores, etc. The pickup 13 methodology is discussed further in Table 4. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     We will now consider some of the problems that the average consumer encounters in the above shopping experience method, i.e. steps 1 through 7 as outlined in  FIG. 1 . 
     Shopping Lists 
     As attested in the Background of the Invention, one of the greatest hassles in shopping is remembering what you must buy. The simplest way is to write down a list of items on a piece of paper from which you cross off items as you buy them. One of the problems with this method is the case when you are compiling the list of a period of time, e.g. days. In this case you need to remember where you put your slip of paper and preferably keep it at hand wherever you are. Inspiration tends to arrive at odd and unexpected moments. 
     Let us consider an example in this shopping list case, i.e. groceries. It is extremely rare that a household&#39;s groceries all run out at the same time. It is more common that you run out of say broccoli sprouts on Monday evening, oranges on Monday morning, coffee on Tuesday morning, bread on Tuesday evening, yogurt on Wednesday morning, milk on Thursday, fish on Friday, etc. Sure you can keep a running list of items as they run out and some people attach the list to a magnet on the fridge. Now that&#39;s ok for items that are kept in the kitchen. What happens when you need household items outside of the kitchen? For example, if a consumer&#39;s washing machine is in his basement. What happens when he needs washing powder or bleach? If he is keeping a shopping list on his fridge, the consumer needs to remember that he needs washing powder and bleach the next time he is in the vicinity of the master list. 
     Let us now consider another shopping list case, e.g. Christmas gift shopping. Sometimes we know exactly what we want to buy people for Christmas, but often we don&#39;t have a clue except when we see something in a store or in a catalog. At the time we see the item, we may not be ready to buy it, perhaps because we believe that we can get a better price somewhere else, or perhaps we hope that another item may be more inspirational. But, we should note the item&#39;s price and who&#39;s selling it. Once again the tried and tested method is a pen and paper. The more organized shopper may have a diary/planner in which she writes this information. On the other hand, she may be open to high tech and may use a PDA  20 . Yet again, the consumer may simply rely on her memory. The problem with the pen and paper is that the consumer may loose or misplace the piece of paper. It&#39;s also a bit of a hassle to write down all of the item&#39;s details. The problem with the PDA  20  is that you have to lug it around with you and then manually enter the pertinent information. It&#39;s another unseemly bulge in a man&#39;s pocket and further clutter in a woman&#39;s wallet. A person&#39;s memory is generally not 100% reliable and hence as we&#39;ve all experienced the situation—“where did I see that really cool and reasonable thingy for Mom?”. 
     Shopper&#39;s Barcode Scanner 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the preferred embodiment of the invention solves this problem, i.e. maintaining the shopping list, with the following method and system. The consumer primarily uses a small wireless bar code scanner  17  that he uses to scan in merchandise UPCs  14  and or catalog UPCs  15 , depending on whether he is shopping via a store  24 , MOTO  25  or on a web store  10 . For purposes for brevity, newspaper ad&#39;s  99  are included in the grouping of merchandise catalogs. The wireless bar code scanner  17  could for example be the Qoder from Qode, or the CS 1504 Consumer Memory Scanner from Symbol Technologies. 
     This means that (a) mail order catalogs/newspaper advertisements  99  need to include UPC barcodes and (b) web pages need to include UPC barcodes as well, that can be scanned, or transferred, to the barcode scanner  17 . 
     The barcode scanner  17  need not necessarily be a portable device that is homed via a magnet on the fridge door. It could, for example, be incorporated (i.e. fixed) into the fridge door itself as proposed by a number of home appliance manufacturers, or it could be part of the trashcan. GE revealed such a kitchen appliance, i.e. a refrigerator, in a press release titled “GE Appliances Reveals Consumer Benefits of Concept Smart Appliances”, Apr. 6, 2000, PRNewswire. 
     If the scanner  17  is part of, say the lid of a trash can, then as the consumer discards an empty item, she could easily scan the UPC. The problem with fixed barcode scanners  17  is that there are numerous situations in which a portable barcode scanner  17  is needed. For example, consider the scenario where goods are not stored in the fridge, but are stored in various cupboards and in the pantry. The preferred embodiment uses a portable barcode scanner  17 , but envisages consumers using fixed appliance barcode scanners as well. Furthermore, the consumer may also have multiple portable bar code scanners  17 . The key to multiple scanners  17  is that they need to communicate  200  with a base station  50 . This function  200  is considered later in the description of the preferred embodiment. 
     The scanned in UPCs need to be interpreted by a more intelligent device, i.e. a base station  50 , for example an Internet Appliance  19 , or a PDA  20 , or a PC  21  or a cell phone  22 . Examples on the marketplace of Internet Appliances  19  include the Touch Pad from Gateway and the iPAQ from Compaq. Examples of PDAs include the Palm from Palm Inc., the Visor from Handspring and similar devices from Psion and other companies. The realm of UPCs and their description consist of a huge database, i.e. millions upon millions of products. To store this size of database on a PDA  20 , etc. is not a good idea, because a primary reason being that products are constantly added and removed from the UPC system. Hence it would be a huge task to update all of the UPC databases on each and every consumer&#39;s intelligent device. It is a better solution to centralize this task as Qode and the &#39;276 from Jelen, et al. have done. The preferred embodiment implements a similar scheme to resolve bar codes in which central databases are maintained by the merchandise store  24 , the MOTO  25  vendor and the web store  10 , i.e. the merchant  51 . In  FIG. 2 , another model is shown to resolve the UPCs, i.e. a centralized UPC database  27 , that holds all known UPCs. 
     The Uniform Code Council, Inc. (UCC) is a not-for-profit organization that provides standards and processes in the bar code industry. UCC also assigns unique blocks of bar codes to a company. UCC (www.uc-council.org) has over 850,000 member companies that are using the EAN.UCC Systems standards. The UCC could potentially be a candidate for the Central UPC Database  27 . 
     After transmitting  200  the UPCs that the consumer is considering to a base station  50  that can import the UPCs stored on the bar code scanner  17 , the base station  50  connects via the Internet  23  to the UPC database stored at the merchant  51 , or at the Central UPC Database  27 , to download the textual description of the UPC that the consumer had scanned into her bar code scanner  17 . Coupons (i.e. e-coupons) and other information can also be downloaded at this instant. This is the method whereby the consumer maintains her shopping list in whichever device she is most comfortable with, i.e. her Internet Appliance  19 , her PDA  20 , her PC  21 , her cell phone  22 , etc. The preferred embodiment of the invention allows the consumer to share her various shopping lists on multiple devices, i.e. base stations  50 . More about this feature later in the detailed description of the preferred embodiment. 
     A word about e-coupons based on an article in Business Week magazine titled “Penny-Pincher&#39;s Paradise”, Jan. 22, 2001: in the US approximately 256 billion coupons are distributed annually. Currently less than 1% is distributed as e-coupons and Sunday newspapers distribute about 80% of coupons. Only 1.2% of Sunday newspaper coupons are redeemed, whereas 57% of e-coupons are redeemed. According to a report by the NPD Group Inc., grocery e-coupons are the most popular accounting for a redemption rate of 59%, followed by books with 32%, health products 30% and music products with 26%. Today web sites such as coupons.com and coolsavings.com allow a consumer to print a coupon and redeem it at a local store. The preferred embodiment provides the means for a consumer to scan the e-coupon and other coupons into a barcode scanner  17 , which is then made available via a base station  50  for redemption. 
     The preferred embodiment&#39;s barcode scanner  17  includes firmware such that UPC descriptions can be stored and displayed on the device. This allows the consumer to take the barcode scanner on a shopping expedition, e.g. to a store  24 . As is indicated in  FIG. 2 , the communication link  200  between the scanner  17  and the base station  50  is bi-directional. This enables UPC descriptions and e-coupons to be uploaded and stored in the scanner  17 . This feature is configurable by the consumer, either as a system default, or on an as-needed basis. Furthermore features are provided on the scanner  17  such that the consumer can scroll through the list of items stored in the device, select an item and mark it as purchased, etc. An indicator is also provided on the scanner  17  that informs the consumer when the UPCs were transmitted  200  to a base station  50 , and the identity of that base station  50 . Various consumer product manufacturers are incorporating a barcode scanner into their products, e.g. the CSM  150  Bar Code Scanner for the Handspring Visor PDA  20 , which is produced by Symbol Technologies. 
     There could be circumstances in which scanning in a bar code is not optimal. In this situation the consumer may have to manually enter the bar code number into the scanner  17 , or base station  50 . Adding a numeric keypad to the scanner  17  increases the consumer&#39;s product cost. The preferred embodiment of the invention does not incorporate a keypad on the scanner  17 , but in place uses a selectable menu of numbers from which to choose from. The user interface is via four arrow keys, i.e. “up”, “down”, “left” and “right” movements. An example of this system interface is the COMAND system from Mercedes, which provides the consumer with vehicle GPS navigation. 
     Another form of product identification technology is evolving and the preferred embodiment does not exclude the incorporation of this technology if and when it becomes an industry standard. This technology is being developed by Motorola in partnership with International Paper and has been dubbed “smart cardboard”. Basically this technology involves embedding a cheap chip (projected cost between 10 cents and 30 cents) that employs a capacitive technique called BiStatix to operate an electronic tag. An article titled “‘Smart’ Cardboard Ready To Roll”; Nov. 3, 2000 provides greater details on this technique and can be found on the TechWeb site (www.techweb.com) 
     Communications and Networking 
     Let us now consider the data transmission medium, i.e. networking. Today the most common form of media transmission is via a fixed cable. For example, via RS232 to a serial port or keyboard port on a base station  50 . The Qoder implemented a device attached to the keyboard port on a PC  20 . Another common way is via a USB, parallel or FireWire (i.e. the IEEE 1394 standard) port on a base station  50 . PDA  20  devices use serial and USB cable interfaces and also use infra-red (IRDA) transmission between other PDAs. A new technology that is beginning to appear in the marketplace is one called Bluetooth. A consortium of companies including 3COM, Eriksson, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Nokia, Toshiba, Lucent Technologies and others developed Bluetooth (www.bluetooth.com). 
     Bluetooth wireless technology is a low-cost, low-power, short-range radio frequency (RF) link for mobile devices and for Local Area Network (LAN) access points. It offers fast and reliable digital transmissions of data over the globally available 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) bandwidth. Bluetooth uses the spread-spectrum wireless technique that maps out all of the unused frequencies within its assigned frequency bandwidth and then spreads information over available frequency slots. Bluetooth increases or decreases the strength of its transmission signal according to how far away the receiver is, thereby saving power, which is especially important in portable devices such as the preferred embodiment&#39;s bar code scanner  17 . Bluetooth encrypts the signal and also uses frequency hopping to reduce the possibility of signal interference and interception. This is important in densely populated areas so that information remains private and available. 
     A key feature of Bluetooth for incorporation into the invention&#39;s preferred embodiment, is the special way in which it scans its surrounding area, which is normally a sphere of about 10 meters, looking for devices that are in range and checking their identification and access privileges. When Bluetooth finds compatible devices, it establishes an ad-hoc network called a piconet. Hence after scanning in a merchandise UPC  14 , or a catalog UPC  15  into the barcode scanner  17 , the scanner  17  using Bluetooth automatically checks to see if a registered base station  50  is within 30 feet of it. Registration implies that the base station  50  has been granted access privileges, and visa versa, with the bar code scanner  17 . The barcode scanner  17  transmits any UPC that is currently stored in its memory to the available base station  50 . It is possible that the consumer could manually initiate the transmission of information  200  from the scanner  17  to the base station  50  if this feature was incorporated into the barcode scanner  17 . The preferred embodiment allows the scanner  17  to automatically scan its perimeter for available base station  50  devices and to then transmit  200  any available UPCs that it has stored. 
     What this means for the preferred embodiment, is that no cables need to connect the bar code scanner  17  to any of the base station  50  devices. Furthermore, provided that all of the base station  50  devices are Bluetooth enabled, then they can communicate amongst themselves via a Bluetooth piconet. One advantage of this system is that copies of a shopping list can be resident and kept in synch on multiple base stations  50 . This multiplicity of synchronized copies is maintained without the consumer&#39;s intervention, provided that each base station  50  is configured to synchronize data with each other. 
     Another advantage of a piconet is that any peripheral device attached to a base station  50 , in effect becomes a peripheral to any other base station  50  on the piconet. For example, the consumer can print out a shopping list stored on his PDA  20  on a USB interface printer  18  that is attached to a PC  21 , even if the printer  18  is not Bluetooth enabled. 
     Currently Ericsson Mobile Communications AB has a systems development kit (SDK) called “The Bluetooth Tool Kit/The Bluetooth Application and Training Tool Kit” and “The Bluetooth Development Kit”. Lucent Technologies produces a Bluetooth Transceiver Module, i.e. a chip set to be incorporated, e.g. in the various base stations  50 . Toshiba released a device called the Toshiba Bluetooth PC Card that enables PCs to communicate over a Bluetooth piconet. 
     Local UPC Database 
     A process running on the base station  50  stores the transmitted  200  UPCs in a local database. The local UPC database (LUD) eliminates duplicate UPCs, but records the date and time which it received the UPC. Table 2 illustrates the record structure of the LUD. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Local UPC Database (LUD) Record Structure 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Field Name 
                 Definition 
                 Data Type 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 UPC 
                 Uniform Product Code 
                 Integer 
               
               
                 Description 
                 UPC merchant product 
                 String 
               
               
                   
                 description 
               
               
                 Quantity 
                 Number or measure (e.g. 2.5 lbs 
                 Decimal 
               
               
                   
                 of flour or 12 eggs) of items 
               
               
                   
                 interested in 
               
               
                 Price 
                 Cost of UPC item 
                 Decimal 
               
               
                 Merchant 
                 Name of UPC supplier, e.g. 
                 String 
               
               
                   
                 Safeway, Amazon.com, etc. 
               
               
                 Date/Time 
                 Date and time at which this 
                 Integer 
               
               
                   
                 record was entered into the 
               
               
                   
                 database 
               
               
                 Category 
                 Consumer UPC categories, e.g. 
                 String 
               
               
                   
                 Groceries, Gifts, Books, Music, 
               
               
                   
                 Clothing, etc. 
               
               
                 Comments 
                 Free text for consumer 
                 String 
               
               
                   
                 information, e.g. “grandpa 
               
               
                   
                 birthday”. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     It is a possible embodiment of the invention such that a third party provides merchants with the lookup and maintenance of the UPC database  27 , which is then accessible by consumers. This implementation falls in line with the business-to-business (B2B) model that is taking root in the business world today. This third party could also provide competitive product information for the UPCs. General store web sites on the Internet, e.g. buy.com and pricewatch.com provide this type of service. 
     To illustrate how the LUD system works, let us consider the shopping scenario in which a consumer needs to replenish his groceries. The preferred embodiment of the invention enables the consumer to implement the following methodology as outlined in Table 3. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Preferred Embodiment&#39;s Grocery Shopping Experience Process 
               
               
                 The New Shopping Experience 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Process 
                   
               
               
                 Step 
                 Process Step Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1. 
                 When either the grocery item has run out or needs to be restocked shortly, the 
               
               
                   
                 consumer uses his barcode scanner 17 and scans in the UPC on the item in 
               
               
                   
                 question. For example, the consumer&#39;s milk supply is down to a pint and will 
               
               
                   
                 run out after a day&#39;s quota of coffee. The consumer simply scans in the milk 
               
               
                   
                 container&#39;s UPC. Similarly, the consumer would scan in the UPC for other 
               
               
                   
                 groceries, e.g. eggs, bacon, coffee, tomatoes, chocolate, etc. 
               
               
                 2. 
                 As mentioned previously the preferred embodiment&#39;s communication system 
               
               
                   
                 automatically transmits this information 200 to any Bluetooth enabled base 
               
               
                   
                 station 50 that has been authorized to accept this information, provided it is 
               
               
                   
                 within a 10 meter radius of the scanner 17. If no base station 50 is within the 
               
               
                   
                 perimeter of the scanner&#39;s Bluetooth capability, the consumer simply walks 
               
               
                   
                 with the barcode scanner 17 in-hand to where the base station 50 is located, 
               
               
                   
                 thereby bringing the base station 50 within the communications perimeter of 
               
               
                   
                 the scanner 17. The scanned UPCs are automatically uploaded 200 into the 
               
               
                   
                 base station 50. If no base station 50 can be located in the Bluetooth 
               
               
                   
                 perimeter, then the scanner 17 indicates this predicament. 
               
               
                 3. 
                 The base station 50 then determines if it needs to acquire the Uniform Product 
               
               
                   
                 Code&#39;s Description (see Table 2) from the merchant&#39;s UPC Database 26, or 
               
               
                   
                 the Central UPC Database 27. This is done by checking whether or not the 
               
               
                   
                 uploaded 200 UPC already exists in the base station&#39;s Local UPC Database 
               
               
                   
                 (LUD). If the UPC already exists in the LUD and has pertinent associated 
               
               
                   
                 data, then the base station 50 does not attempt to retrieve other data about the 
               
               
                   
                 UPC. The new Date/Time (see Table 2) is noted in the LUD for the relevant 
               
               
                   
                 UPC. If the UPC does not exist in the LUD, then the base station 50 retrieves 
               
               
                   
                 pertinent information from the UPC Database 26 or 27. 
               
               
                 4. 
                 Depending upon how the consumer wants to shop, any of the following steps 
               
               
                   
                 can be implemented: 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 4.1. 
                 If a printer 18 is attached to the base station 50, and is Bluetooth 
               
               
                   
                   
                 enabled, the consumer&#39;s grocery list can be printed out. If a non- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Bluetooth printer is attached to a base station 50, then the list can 
               
               
                   
                   
                 also be printed out. 
               
               
                   
                 4.2. 
                 If the consumer likes to shop in a store 24 using her PDA 20, then 
               
               
                   
                   
                 she simply goes to the store 24 with her PDA 20, because the grocery 
               
               
                   
                   
                 list has been loaded in a LUD on the device from step [2.] above. 
               
               
                   
                 4.3. 
                 If the store 24 that the consumer shops at provides a method to 
               
               
                   
                   
                 receive the consumer&#39;s shopping list, then the consumer would send 
               
               
                   
                   
                 the list from her base station 50, e.g. her PC 21, or cell phone 22, or 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Internet Appliance 19, etc. which is connected to the Internet 23. 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Note that the consumer could send her shopping list to multiple 
               
               
                   
                   
                 stores (‘both ‘brick and mortar’ 24 and online 10 stores) to obtain 
               
               
                   
                   
                 price comparisons and product information. 
               
               
                   
                 4.4. 
                 Another form of transmitting the shopping list to a store 24 is by fax, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 or dial-up modem. These options are not shown in FIG. 2. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 5. 
                 The next step in the shopping experience is to shop for the groceries. 
               
               
                   
                 Depending upon which method the consumer elected to do in step [4.] above, 
               
               
                   
                 the consumer can implement any of the following methods: 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 5.1. The consumer can simply take the barcode scanner 17 to the store 
               
               
                   
                 24. In the store 24, the display on the scanner 17 displays the item to 
               
               
                   
                 be purchased, i.e. it is the consumer&#39;s shopping list. The consumer 
               
               
                   
                 can: 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 5.1.1. Scan the item&#39;s UPC to “cross off” the item from the 
               
               
                   
                 list. 
               
               
                   
                 5.1.2 If the scanner 17 provides the interface, the consumer 
               
               
                   
                 can highlight the item and mark the item as purchased. 
               
               
                   
                 5.1.3. Simply make a mental note that the item has been 
               
               
                   
                 purchased. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 5.2. If step [4.1] above was chosen, then the consumer takes the printed 
               
               
                   
                 grocery list to the store 24 and shops for the items in the store aisles 8. 
               
               
                   
                 5.3. If step [4.2] above was chosen, then the consumer takes her PDA 20, 
               
               
                   
                 which contains the selected grocery list to the store 24 and shops for the 
               
               
                   
                 items in the store aisles 8. This process is illustrated by arrow 101 in 
               
               
                   
                 FIG 2. 
               
               
                   
                 5.3. If step [4.3] was chosen, then the consumer can implement any of the 
               
               
                   
                 following, provided that the specific service is offered by the store 24: 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 5.3.1. The grocery list is picked out and packed by the store 24 for 
               
               
                   
                 delivery 12 to the consumer. This process is illustrated by arrow 100 
               
               
                   
                 in FIG. 2. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 5.3.2. 
                 The grocery list is picked out and packed by the store 24 for 
               
               
                   
                   
                 pickup 13 by the consumer. This process is illustrated by arrow 
               
               
                   
                   
                 102 in FIG. 2. 
               
               
                   
                 5.3.3. 
                 The grocery list is uploaded into a store&#39;s base station 50, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 which can then be transmitted upon consumer identification, to 
               
               
                   
                   
                 a cart enabled with the relevant technology, e.g. as described in 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ‘276 patent from Jelen et al. The preferred embodiment does 
               
               
                   
                   
                 not implement this methodology, but it is a possible 
               
               
                   
                   
                 embodiment. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     For items that are ordered on a regular basis, the preferred embodiment applies the following methodology. Either the base station  50 , or a ‘smart’ bar code scanner  17  maintains frequently entered items in a Local UPC Database (LUD). The system tracks the frequency that the consumer enters the items into the LUD. Obviously a fair of amount of memory is needed to keep track of item frequency, hence this method would only be available in a base station  50  that has the required memory, and e.g. a PC  21  would be an ideal candidate for implementing such a methodology. Once an ordering pattern has been established, the base station  50  can be configured to either (a) order, or (b) print out the regular items. In the U.K. the milkman delivers to the consumer&#39;s doorstep regularly consumed dairy products, as well as bottled water and soda. 
     Payment 
     Besides the conventional methods of payment that is currently accepted in the shopping trades, a relatively new method of payment is also incorporated in the preferred embodiment. Banks and credit-card issuers (e.g. American Express, MasterCard, Visa) are trying to encourage the adoption of a new system called Secure Electronic Transaction SET (U.S. Pat. No. 5,790,677). On Aug. 4, 1998 the &#39;677 patent was granted to Fox et. al. and assigned to Microsoft Corporation. It is a good invention that uses digital certificates to validate all parties involved in the electronic transaction and encrypts credit card information and other financial data prior to transmission on a network. 
     To date, SET has not been adopted to any critical mass either by merchants  51  or customers. A list of merchants that have adopted the SET protocol can be seen on the Internet, e.g. for Visa SET merchants at www.visa.com/nt/ecomm/shopping/set_merchants.html and MasterCard SET merchants at www.mastercard.com/shoponline/set/bycountry.html. As can be seen from these merchant lists, most of the SET registered merchants are based in Europe and currently the total number is less than 1000. No indication is given as to how many customers use SET, although given the age tested economic principles of supply and demand, the fact that the number of merchants using SET is relatively low, it is a fair indication that too few consumers use SET. On these listed web sites it can be seen that very few US merchants are SET enabled. Today the US merchants  51  on the Internet prefer to use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). SSL only guarantees that data is safely (i.e. encrypted) transmitted between the customer and the merchant. It does not guarantee that the data will be electronically stored and handled safely by the merchant  51 . Furthermore financial information that the merchant  51  does not need to see is visible. An example of information that the merchant does not need to see is the customer&#39;s credit card number. Practically all that the merchant needs to be concerned with is that he will be paid for the merchandise that he is selling to the customer and the customer&#39;s shipping address. This visibility of financial information could lead to abuse. The primary payment methods  6  in the preferred embodiment are detailed in Table 1, step [6.]. When SET gains market acceptance, the preferred embodiment will incorporate this payment methodology. 
     Delivery 
     MOTO  25  and web store  10  items are usually delivered delivery service  12 , e.g. via UPS, FedEx, the US Postal Service, etc. In the grocery domain, as mentioned previously a similar model is available to consumers, but currently these companies, e.g. Webvan, are struggling to become profitable (“Cash Supply Shrinks While Webvan Losses Continue”, The Wall Street Journal, Jan. 25, 2001). 
     The preferred embodiment of the invention offers an alternative delivery service, i.e. pickup  13 . Continuing to use the grocery shopping method as an example, this method is outlined in Table 3, step [5.3.2.], and is further expanded upon for clarification as follows in Table 4; 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Drive-Thru Delivery Method 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Process 
                   
               
               
                 Step 
                 Process Step Description 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1. 
                 The consumer sends her shopping list to a participating grocery store. The 
               
               
                   
                 shopping list can be sent by one of the following methods; 
               
               
                   
                  a) Fax 
               
               
                   
                  b) Web site via the Internet 23 
               
               
                   
                  c) Email via the Internet 23 
               
               
                   
                 Note that the method that the consumer used to create her shopping list is 
               
               
                   
                 outlined in Table 3, steps [2] and [3]. 
               
               
                 2. 
                 The consumer pays 6 in advance for the groceries, e.g. using a credit card. 
               
               
                 3. 
                 A certain time period before leaving for the grocery pickup point, the 
               
               
                   
                 consumer contacts the grocery store 24 to notify them that she is on her way. 
               
               
                   
                 This time frame is important because the grocery store 24 requires a fixed 
               
               
                   
                 amount of time to assemble the consumer&#39;s shopping list for pickup 13. At 
               
               
                   
                 this moment in time the consumer cannot cancel the order. The shopping 
               
               
                   
                 order is committed, i.e. there is no refund on payment 6 if the consumer does 
               
               
                   
                 not pick up the packed groceries. Prior to this commitment, the consumer 
               
               
                   
                 could cancel the order either by contacting the grocery store 24, or simply by 
               
               
                   
                 not making the commitment call. In the case of a cancellation, the consumer&#39;s 
               
               
                   
                 payment 6 (step [2.] above) is also cancelled, or refunded. 
               
               
                 4. 
                 The grocery store 24 picks and packs the groceries in order to meet the 
               
               
                   
                 consumer&#39;s committed pick up time of arrival. The preferred embodiment 
               
               
                   
                 includes the option for the store 24 to provide the means to notify the 
               
               
                   
                 customer that her order is ready for pickup 13, e.g. a message to her cell 
               
               
                   
                 phone 22, an email message to her wireless PDA 20, etc. 
               
               
                 5. 
                 The consumer drives to her participating grocery store and goes through the 
               
               
                   
                 drive-through pickup line to collect her groceries. As with any pickup 
               
               
                   
                 situation, the consumer is asked for a form of identification to prevent 
               
               
                   
                 fraudulent abuse of the system.