Abstract:
A motor-driven nut-grinding apparatus is constructed to effectively operate at much lower than conventional speeds and has a front-mounted, unitary casting part providing a back mounting plate wall, a feed chute, a forwardly extending feed and grinding hub, and a front mounting for a stationary grinding disc. The hub has an open-end bore that journals a motor-driven auger shaft on which a rotating grinding disc is mounted to cooperate and define a final grinding chamber with the stationary grinding plate. A back portion of the auger shaft has a cylindrical, reduced diameter portion that with at least about one and a half of auger convolution turns, is exposed through a window in the hub and an open mouth of the chute to provide a non-jamming receiving area for nut kernels from a downwardly converging mouth portion of the feed chute. The length of the cylindrical portion is sufficient to freely receive nuts or kernels lengthwise thereon for non-interrupted feed delivery of a full charge of nut material to worm convolutions of the auger shaft. The hub and auger shaft provide a preliminary or rough grinding action and the pair of grinding discs provide a final, fine grinding action on the nut material.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention pertains to a refining apparatus for fresh grinding of nut and grain kernels that is fully non-jamming or clogging, and that enables a non-interrupted, continuous, high-powered outflow of a fully uniformly textured butter or meal. 
     The apparatus represents an improved construction of a general type of machine such as disclosed in my earlier U.S. Pat. No. 4,201,349. Although such a machine has been successful in its operation, I have found that there has been a need for improving the efficiency of operation from the standpoint of enabling an increase in power drive, of positively preventing a tendency of nuts or kernels to build-up and jam at the bottom of the feed chute, and of enabling an un-interrupted continuity of delivery of the processed meal or butter with a complete and full uniformity of its as-ground texture. I have found that there has also been a need for improvement from the standpoint of facilitating assembly and disassembly of the operating elements for cleaning them. 
     Other constructions with which I am familiar are represented by the Fuller U.S. Pat. No. 4,027,824 and Boothe U.S. Pat. No. 4,085,899. The Fuller patent shows an early type of apparatus whose auger shaft has its lands extending along the full bottom opening of the feed chute and utilizes cooperating, relatively coarse, final grinding teeth on a pair of blades that outwardly converge and inwardly diverge with respect to each other. The product obtained may be termed &#34;rough ground&#34;. The Boothe patent is impractical for food or nut grinding, in that it provides a large open space or chamber between the end of its delivery chute and its auger shaft, and utilizes a pair of grinding discs that are widely spaced-apart and have screen, mesh-like surfaces or cross-hatched channels that do not provide effective paths of movement of the material and pose a cleaning problem. 
     An object of the invention has been to meet adverse factors heretofore encountered in the grinding of food in the nature of nuts or grain kernels. 
     Another object has been to provide a machine that will be simple and efficient in its operation and that will assure a minimum of and ease of maintenance. 
     Another object has been to solve the problem heretofore presented from the standpoint of throw-back, backing-up or jamming of nuts or kernels at the point of delivery of the feed chute to an advancing auger shaft. 
     A further object has been to devise an apparatus that has a final grinding tooth arrangement devised to positively assure a full uniformity of texture of processed butter, meal or flour-like product. 
     A still further object has been to provide a machine that can be effectively operated at a relatively slow, high-powered drive speed, and that will assure a substantial, continuous feed of uniformly completely ground meal or butter. 
     These and other objects of the invention will appear to those skilled in the art from the embodiment herein set forth and described and from the claims. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a front end view in elevation of apparatus embodying the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a side view in elevation of the apparatus of and on the same scale as FIG. 1; it is partially broken-out as to its motor containing housing and sectioned, as to its front operating end portion; 
     FIG. 2a is an enlarged fragmental side section in elevation showing details of mounting and adjustment means for cooperating grinding discs of the machine of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 3 is a reduced front end view of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2, showing its unitary casting mounted on the motor housing and the exposed front end of its extending hub portion with an auger shaft removed; 
     FIG. 4 is a back end view on the same scale as FIG. 3 showing only the unitary casting, also with the auger shaft removed; 
     FIG. 5 is an enlarged front end view taken along the line V--V of FIG. 6, showing a fixed or stationary grinding disc, plate or head in a mounted relation on the front end of the hub portion of the unitary casting; this view illustrates the construction of finer and coarser, fragmental curved cutting rib or teeth group assemblies or sets that are carried on the inner or front face of the fixed grinding disc; 
     FIG. 6 is an edge view in elevation showing the fixed grinding disc of FIG. 5 in an unmounted relation; 
     FIG. 7 is an inside end view of a cover plate or end cap for the grinding disc assembly of the apparatus in an unmounted relation, but with an adjustment screw mounted in its threaded, centrally located boss; 
     FIG. 8 is an edge view on the same scale of and taken along the line VIII--VIII of FIG. 7; in this view, details of the adjustment screw mounting are shown; 
     FIG. 9 is an outer or front end view in elevation on the same scale as FIGS. 5 and 7, showing the construction of a rotatable grinding disc or plate of the apparatus; 
     FIG. 10 is a side view in elevation on the same scale as FIG. 9, showing the rotatable grinding disc in a mounted relation on the front end of an auger shaft of the apparatus; 
     And, FIG. 11 is a back end view on the same scale as and taken along the line XI--XI of FIG. 10; this view particularly shows the construction of an inner grinding face of the rotating grinding disc with its curved cutting rib or teeth groups and importantly, with a final, continuously circular cutting tooth adjacent its outer periphery. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring particularly to FIGS. 1, 2 and 2a, an electric motor M is shown provided with a drive shaft 11, and mounted within an enclosed casing or housing 10. The motor M is shown provided with a capacitor E, and an automatic, lid-energized switch S that may be connected in a conventional circuit, such as illustrated by FIG. 4 of my U.S. Pat. No. 4,201,349. As shown in FIG. 2, the switch A is positioned so that it will be opened when a hinged lid F has been raised to inspect or fill a feed chute portion 15a of a front mounted, unitary part or casting unit 15, and to close its electrical circuit and permit energization of the motor M when the lid F is swung to the closed position shown. 
     It will be noted that motor-enclosing casing or housing 10 has a pair of upright side walls 1Oa, a front wall 1Ob, and a back wall 10c. The casting unit 15 is adapted to be removably mounted by threaded screws or bolts 9 that extend through holes 9a in the casting 15 (see FIGS. 1 and 4), and within aligned threaded holes in the front wall 1Ob. Among other things, making the part 15 a unitary member which has a downwardly converging feed chute portion 15a and a forwardly extending hub portion 15b, assembly and disassembly of operating parts of the machine is facilitated. The lower end of the feed chute portion 15a has an open mouth provided with a back, slightly overhanging inside lip 15a&#39; (see FIG. 1) which serves to discharge the peanuts or other kernels directly into a smooth, cylindrical, reduced diameter portion 12a of an auger shaft 12. The lip 15a&#39; also serves to journal a back end collar portion 12d of the auger shaft 12; its permits endwise adjustment of the auger shaft 12 without exposing the collar 12d to the open mouth portion of the chute 15. 
     The auger shaft 12 is rotatably mounted to extend longitudinally forwardly within a central bore of the hub portion 15b. The shaft 12 has an open-end, central bore there-along to fit over the forward end of a drive shaft 11. Rectangular keyway slot portions 11a are defined between the shaft 11 and the auger shaft 12 within which a rectangular key 13 is slidably positioned. The key 13 is of shorter length than the length extent of the slot portions 11a to enable relative endwise adjustment movement between the auger shaft 12 and the motor drive shaft 11; it provides the auger shaft with a rotatable driven relation. A tension spring 19 is positioned within the front portion of an open-end bore in the auger shaft 12 to abut the forward end of and to resiliently position the auger shaft 12 in its forwardly extending, endwise relation with respect to the motor drive shaft 11. 
     As shown particularly in FIGS. 2 and 2a, the back end collar 12d of the auger shaft 12 is of an enlarged diameter which corresponds to the inner diameter of the bore hole within the hub portion 15b. Adjacent material entry portion 12a of the auger shaft 12 is of reduced diameter and has a smooth, cylindrical shape and a length that is exposed to the open feed mouth of the chute 15 that is at least equal to the maximum length of the kernels or nuts to the ground; such length may normally be about one and one eighth of an inch, taken between the collar 12d and the starting portion of convolutions or lands that extend in an advancing-turning relation along a worm portion 12b of the shaft to its end. It will be noted that the diameter of the cylindrical entry portion 12a corresponds substantially to the depth of the grooves between convolutions of the worm portion 12b. 
     Continuous, forwardly advancing, convoluted worm portion 12b extends from the reduced portion 12a and has about one to two turns exposed to the open mouth of the feed chute 15a. Such exposed length may normally be about one inch. The use of the cylindrical portion 12a along with a starting portion of the convoluted worm portion has been discovered to be important in achieving a slow speed power type of operation (in the neighborhood of about 900 r.p.m.), and also, a non-interrupted, continuous, non-jamming type of operation from the standpoint of a full charge of nut or grain kernel material. A substantially equal feed mouth exposed length of the cylindrical portion 12a and of the worm portion 12b has been found to be satisfactory. That is importantly, the length extent of the reduced diameter cylindrical portion 12a is at least equal to and preferably slightly greater than the length or longest dimension or extent of the nuts or kernels that are to be ground. The proportioning of this portion 12a with the starting of the lands 12b with reference to the converging open feed mouth of the chute 15 assures that the nuts or kernels will freely fall into the space provided without jamming the feed opening to cause a build-up and an interruption of the feed during the grinding operation. The construction assures a foolproof, uniform, uninterrupted type of feed, irrespective of whether the nuts or kernels enter the spacing provided between the bore of the hub portion 15b and the surface of the cylindrical portion part 12a, endwise, crosswise or lengthwise thereof. 
     With reference to FIG. 10, cut-out step or ledge portion 12c is located within the open area of the mouth of the chute portion 15a to serve as an initial breaker step or offset ledge and, in this connection, furthers the function of the cylndrical portion 12a from the standpoint of assuring a constant, uninterrupted feed and advance of the nuts or kernels without blockage. 
     A fixed grinding blade, disc or head 25, see particularly FIGS. 2a, 5 and 6, is shown removably secured on the front end or face of the hub portion 15b of the unitary casting part by a pair of Allen head screws 28 that screw into threaded bores 29 in the front face or end of the casting hub 15b. Its quick removal and insertion in a proper relation is facilitated by a pair of alignment or guide pins 26 (see FIGS. 3 and 5) which are adapted to align with and extend into a pair of holes 25a through the inside wall portion of the fixed grinding disc 25. 
     As particularly illustrated in FIG. 5, the fixed or stationary grinding disc 25 has four, quadrant-positioned, inner groups, sets or pairs or relatively coarse and short-length grinding teeth or cutting rib pairs C&#39; that extend from the inside face thereof. Also, as shown, sets or groups of finer outer teeth A&#39; and B&#39; are provided of which each has four, radially spaced-apart cutting ridges or teeth segments that are positioned to extend from its inner face. The outer sets A&#39; and B&#39; have a radially outwardly spaced relation with respect to the coarser teeth sets C&#39;, and the coarser sets C&#39; are positioned in alignment with open, radial gutters or spaces D&#39; between each two adjacent pairs of finer, more closely spaced outer teeth A&#39;, B&#39;. The relatively wide spacing of the inner, coarser teeth sets C&#39; is followed by relatively narrow, open-spaces or gutters D&#39; that extend radially outwardly into a continuous, circumferential, outer spacing or gutter E&#39; that is surmounted by a raised, continuous, peripheral mounting rim or flange 25b. 
     The peripheral rim 25b has a pair of diagonally oppositely positioned tabs 25c that are provided with threaded holes therein to receive mounting thumb screws 35 that extend through holes in a pair of mounting tabs 30c of a cover plate or end cap 30 (see FIGS. 1, 2 and 7). A second pair of diagonally opposite tabs 25d carry projecting alignment or guide pins 27 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) that are adapted to fit within the holes in a second pair of tabs 30b carried by end cover plate or cap 30. 
     A rotatable grinding disc or plate 20 (see FIGS. 10 and 11), also has four, quadrant-positioned groups or sets of coarse grinding teeth or cutting ridges C, of which each has two, short-length teeth in a radially spaced relation. Outer finer sets or groups of teeth A and B have three lines of radially spaced-apart, relatively fine teeth b, c and d and are separated by radial spaces, gutters or channels D therebetween. An outer, peripheral tooth or blade a on the same inner face of the grinding disc 20 has a continuous or un-interrupted circular cutting edge to which the radial channels or spaces D feed the material. This tooth a is adapted to cooperate with a peripheral space between the outermost teeth of the finer groups A&#39; and B&#39; of the fixed or stationary disc 25. It provides and assures a fully or completely uniform texture of the material as it leaves the guiding chamber between the fixed disc 25 and the rotatable disc 20 before it moves forwardly over the peripheral edge of the rotatable disc 20 into a front feed chamber defined between the disc 20 and the end cap 30. 
     As shown particularly in FIGS. 2, 2a and 10, the rotating disc 20 has a back end portion that fits within a short-length, mounting stub or hub portion 17 that is adapted to fit within the front end of the bore in the auger shaft 12 and to be removably secured thereto by Allen head set screw 14. The mounting stub portion 17 has a front entry, cylindrical bore 17a that terminates in a cone-shaped bore 17b that is adapted to enclose and contain an adjustment ball 18. It is important to make the bore 17a of a sufficient depth such that the ball 18 will normally be positioned fully within its depth extent, so that it will not immediately fall out when the construction is disassembled for cleaning purposes, for example. 
     A fully threaded, Allen-end adjustment screw 33 is threaded centrally through a bore 33a in the end cover cap 30 (see also FIG. 7), and has a concave back end portion that corresponds in curvature to the curvature of the ball 18 against which it is adapted to seat or rest. Inner and outer movement of the threaded stem 33 will cause movement of the auger shaft 12 longitudinally with respect to the fixed grinding disc 25 and within the hub portion 15b to adjust the operating spacing between the opposed grinding faces and the complementary interfitting teeth of the fixed grinding disc 25 and the rotating disc 20. The construction assures an aligned adjustment of the disc 20 as well as of the auger shaft with respect to the motor drive shaft 11, and enables an adjustment of the spacing between opposed, complementarily interfitting cutting teeth of the fixed disc 25 and the rotatable disc 20. 
     Incidentally, in the operation of the device, with the shown direction of turns on the auger shaft 12, the feed of the roughly ground material, as accomplished by the lands and grooves, will be effected by its counterclockwise rotation. The broken up and roughly ground material is introduced from the front end of the auger shaft 12 through a central feed input opening in the fixed grinding disc 25 into a central chamber area or spacing between the grinding discs 20 and 25, then radially outward from between complementarily interfitting, relatively coarse, short length, widely spaced-apart, circumferentially curved teeth segments C and C&#39;, between open, space-defining faces, between relatively fine, greater length, circumferentially curved teeth segments A, B, A&#39; and B&#39;, along relatively narrow open radial spaces D, D&#39; therebetween, and radially over continuous, outer rim tooth portion a of the rotatable disc 20, forwardly into the front end chamber defined between a substantially planar front face of the rotating grinding disc 20 and a slightly forwardly spaced, planar back face of the end cover plate or cap 30. 
     As shown in FIG. 7, the cover plate or cap 30 has a slightly inwardly offset mounting rim portion 30a. Wiping knives or blades 21 (see FIG. 9) project both radially outwardly and forwardly at quadrant locations from the outer periphery and the front face of the rotating grinding disc 20. Fully, finely and uniformly fine textured meal or butter is passed downwardly and outwardly through exit spaces or openings 25e (see FIGS. 2a and 5) that extend through the bottom portion of the rim 25b of the stationary grinding disc 25. 
     Adjustment screw 33 extends from a front boss portion 32 of the cover plate 30, see particularly FIGS. 2a and 8 and is secured in an adjusted position by lock nut 34. A front end of the screw 33 has an Allen head, tool-receiving bore therein. 
     As previously indicated, the auger shaft 12 has a special type of cooperation with the converging delivery end of the feed chute 15a and is so constructed that it will eliminate any tendency for them to jam at the receiving end of the auger shaft 12. The construction is foolproof in preliminarily breaking up or grinding of nut bodies as they are presented from the chute 15a. The speed of operation now can be reduced from a normal speed of about 1600 r.p.m. to an increased power driving speed of about 900 r.p.m., without any tendency to throw the nuts back at the delivery end of the chute 15a and with an increased output of a fully uniformly ground meal or butter-like product.