Abstract:
An embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus, comprising a transceiver adapted for hierarchical encoding for a Multicast Broadcast Service (MBS) in wireless networks, wherein the hierarchical encoding is provided by superposition coding to provide different levels of protection for data streams.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/456,568 filed Jun. 17, 2009, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of a U.S. Provisional application filed on Sep. 4, 2008 in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and assigned Ser. No. 61/094,357, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Hierarchical encoding is widely supported in current broadcast standards. In broadcast systems, the capacity is typically limited by the worst user in the coverage area. By using hierarchical encoding, users with a limited signal to noise ratio (SNR) may only receive low quality video. Users with high SNR may take advantage of hierarchical encoding to receive high quality. Therefore, overall MBS capacity is improved. 
         [0003]    Current techniques supporting hierarchical encoding by layered modulation is limited in single input single output (SISO) transmissions. For example, the 16QAM constellation used in DVB-T has 3 formats, one non-layered constellation, and two layered constellations for hierarchical encoding as shown in  FIG. 1  at  100  and  FIG. 2  at  200 .  FIG. 1  depicts a first  110  layered 16QAM modulation format in DVB-T and  FIG. 2  depicts a second  210  layered 16QAM modulation format in DVB-T; A similar layered constellation is also defined in the MediaFLO standard, where only the scale of the constellation is changed slightly. The layered constellation provides an essential improvement for broadcast services. The limitations are (1) only two level of adaptation is available as defined in both DVB-T and MediaFLO; and (2) it can only be used in single transmit antenna case. 
         [0004]    Thus, a strong need exists for improved techniques for hierarchical encoding for multicast broadcast services in wireless communication systems. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0005]    The subject matter regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. The invention, however, both as to organization and method of operation, together with objects, features, and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following detailed description when read with the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0006]      FIG. 1  depicts a layered 16QAM modulation format 1 in DVB-T; 
           [0007]      FIG. 2  depicts a layered 16QAM modulation format in DVB-T; 
           [0008]      FIG. 3  depicts a transmit diagram with hierarchical encoding according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0009]      FIG. 4  depicts a receive diagram with interference cancellation for good SNR users according to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0010]      FIG. 5  illustrates a receive diagram for bad SNR users according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
       [0011]    It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements illustrated in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements are exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, where considered appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0012]    In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the preset invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention. 
         [0013]    Although embodiments of the invention are not limited in this regard, discussions utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” “establishing”, “analyzing”, “checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer&#39;s registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer&#39;s registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes. 
         [0014]    Although embodiments of the invention are not limited in this regard, the terms “plurality” and “a plurality” as used herein may include, for example, “multiple” or “two or more”. The terms “plurality” or “a plurality” may be used throughout the specification to describe two or more components, devices, elements, units, parameters, or the like. For example, “a plurality of stations” may include two or more stations. 
         [0015]    Layered modulation is a special case of superposition coding in general. Superposition coding is proved to achieve broadcast capacity comparing to TDM and FDM and is a scheme for multiplexing a broadcast service and a unicast service. However there are several limitations on MBS/Unicast superposition coding, such as: (1) higher cost for devices with unicast service only; (2) large buffer and long delay for unicast service as MBS transmission period is typically longer; and (3) large pilot overhead overall as MBS and unicast service require different pilots etc. 
         [0016]    Embodiments of the present invention provide using superposition coding to provide different levels of protection for data streams, such as MPEG streams. Although the present invention is not limited in this respect. 
         [0017]    Embodiments of the present invention provide a scheme based on superposition coding to support hierarchical encoding in wireless networks, such as a network that operates in compliance with the Institute for Electronics and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.16m MBS network. The present invention may use the large variance of the signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) distribution within the network. Embodiments of the present invention may transmit the high priority bits with greater power, and the low priority bits with less power from a base station (BS). For users that are far away from a base station with limited SINR, it will decode the high priority stream only. The low priority bits are considered as noise, which is much lower than the noise floor and therefore does not degrade the performance. For good users with high SINR, it can decode the high priority stream first, in which case the main noise source is the low priority stream. The high priority stream is then cancelled from the transmission, and the low priority stream is decoded with high reliability due to the high SINR level. 
         [0018]    Looking now at  FIG. 3 , shown generally as  300 , is a block diagram for the transmit side. The receive (Rx) diagram for good users with high SINR is shown in  FIG. 4  at  400 . With interference cancellation, the good users can receive both the important stream and the less important stream to achieve high video quality. A typical receive diagram for bad users with low SINR is shown in  FIG. 5  at  500 . Only the high priority stream is received and therefore a lower quality video. 
         [0019]    Embodiments of the present invention have several main advantages over the layered modulation method: (1) It does not limit to just two levels of hierarchical protection. By adjusting the power level of the high priority stream and low priority stream, multiple levels of hierarchical protection are achieved. (2) It can be used with MIMO transmissions, which is a key requirement in the IEEE 802.16m deployment. (3) The high priority stream and low priority stream length can be very flexible based on application and source codec, as the coding/modulation for each priority stream is specified separately. 
         [0020]    While certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.