Abstract:
A method of conditionally formatting a display of data is disclosed that involves providing a preliminary display automatically showing the intended consequences of the condition applied to the data prior to making the condition actually apply to the data. This is especially useful in analysis of spreadsheet data by conditionally formatting certain data. The method involves identifying one or more parameters of the data to be conditionally formatted on the display, selecting a predetermined condition; and automatically applying temporarily the predetermined condition to the parameter(s), displaying a temporary preview on the display of the predetermined condition applied to data that meet the predetermined condition. The method also provides the capability to preliminarily change the conditions and parameters applied to the data and automatically provide appropriate previews of the effect of such application of changed conditions on the displayed data.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
       [0001]     The present invention relates to functions of computer applications. More particularly, the invention is directed to a user interface tool functionality that visually enhances formatted display selected by a user.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     Spreadsheet applications, such as Microsoft® Excel often present a tremendous amount of data to a user. In order to distill this large volume of information, a conditional formatting capability is provided in some conventional spreadsheet programs. Conditional formatting is one of the more accessible visualization concepts for users (spreadsheet users). It is easily accessible and users can use such conditional formatting to visually annotate their data for both analytical and presentation purposes.  
         [0003]     However, current conditional formatting functionality is limited in use. It is not widely used by users because it is not easily accessed and can be difficult to use. Typically the user must author a complex conditional formula that returns true or false, a task that is beyond the average spreadsheet user. Some products offer a user interface for creating conditions without requiring a formula, but these are limited to just a few types of expressions, and do not come close to covering the full range of conditions that users want to apply to their data, such as comparision to the average, top/bottom ranking, time periods, etc. Further, conditional formatting in current products is usually limited to Boolean expressions and a single format (if the condition is true for a given data point, apply the format; if it is false, do not apply the format). Finally, the rules must be applied in order to see the results of application of the rule. This can be frustrating to a user if he or she doesn&#39;t already know the desired effect a specific conditional format will have on the data.  
         [0004]     It is with respect to these and other considerations that the present invention has been made.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     In accordance with the present invention, the above and other problems are solved by a conditional formatting tool that, with as simple as a single mouse click, automatically visually annotates data for both analytical and presentation purposes using expressions that are as simple or as complex as desired. Embodiments of the present invention introduce new types of conditional formats, where each data point is formatted differently according to its relative value. In one aspect, an embodiment of the invention includes a graphic display of conditions that can be selected by a user by a simple mouse click. When an item is selected, the program will present a simple dialog and temporarily apply the rule to an open spreadsheet. Thus there is an immediate representation on screen of the effect of the selection on the data. Any changes that the user makes in the dialog box will immediately be previewed in the spreadsheet, as an example, for text boxes, when focus is removed, and, for drop down menus, when a new choice is made. Once the temporary conditional formatting is modified or approved by the user, and there are no validation issues, the program creates a new formatting rule for the selection. This mechanism greatly enhances the efficiency of a spreadsheet or other application to a user.  
         [0006]     The invention may be implemented as a computer process, a computing system or as an article of manufacture such as a computer program product. The computer program product may be a computer storage medium readable by a computer system and encoding a computer program of instructions for executing a computer process. The computer program product may also be a propagated signal on a carrier readable by a computing system and encoding a computer program of instructions for executing a computer process.  
         [0007]     A more complete appreciation of the present invention and its improvements can be obtained by reference to the accompanying drawings, which are briefly summarized below, and to the following detailed description of presently preferred embodiments of the invention, and to the appended claims. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0008]     This patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.  
         [0009]      FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary Formatting Rules User Interface for a spreadsheet application according to an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0010]      FIG. 2  shows a computer system environment that may incorporate software operating according to particular aspects of the present invention.  
         [0011]      FIG. 3  illustrates a drop down menu that appears when the Highlight Cells Picker object is selected on the user interface shown in  FIG. 1 .  
         [0012]      FIG. 4  illustrates a dialog box that appears when one of the objects in the drop down menu shown in  FIG. 3  is selected.  
         [0013]      FIG. 5  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 1  when a user positions a cursor over the Less Than object in the drop down menu shown in  FIG. 3  according a particular embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0014]      FIG. 6  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 1  when a user single clicks on the selected object highlighted in  FIG. 5 .  
         [0015]      FIG. 7  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 6  in which a user has changed a default value in the dialog box.  
         [0016]      FIG. 8  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 7  after a user clicks “OK” in the dialog box to accept the preliminary changes as final changes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0017]      FIG. 9  is a screen shot of a spreadsheet that contains textual data in its cells.  
         [0018]      FIG. 10  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 9  when a user single clicks on the “Text that Contains” object shown in  FIG. 1 .  
         [0019]      FIG. 11  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 10  when a user changes the text in the dialog box object.  
         [0020]      FIG. 12  is a separate view of a dialog box that appears if a user selects the Date Occurring object in  FIG. 5 .  
         [0021]      FIG. 13  is a separate view of a dialog box that appears if a user selects the Duplicate Values object in  FIG. 5 .  
         [0022]      FIG. 14  illustrates a drop down menu that appears when the Top Ten Picker object is selected on the user interface shown in  FIG. 1 .  
         [0023]      FIG. 15  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 1  when a user positions a cursor over the Top Ten object in the drop down menu shown in  FIG. 12  according a particular embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0024]      FIG. 16  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 1  when a user single clicks on the selected object highlighted in  FIG. 15 .  
         [0025]      FIG. 17  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 16  in which a user has changed a default value in the dialog box.  
         [0026]      FIG. 18  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 17  after a user clicks “OK” in the dialog box to accept the preliminary changes as final changes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0027]      FIG. 19  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 1  after a user selects the Top Ten Picker object and places the cursor over the Above Average object in the drop down menu.  
         [0028]      FIG. 20  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 19  after the user single clicks on the Above Average object.  
         [0029]      FIG. 21  is a separate view of the expanded formatting drop down menu in each of the dialog boxes shown in  FIGS. 4, 6 ,  7 ,  11 - 13 ,  16 ,  17  and  20 .  
         [0030]      FIG. 22  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 1  when a user selects the Visualize Cells Picker object on the user interface, showing the drop down menu according a particular embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0031]      FIG. 23  is a screen shot of another exemplary spreadsheet when a user single clicks on the Data Bar object in the drop down menu shown in  FIG. 22 .  
         [0032]      FIG. 24  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 23  when a user single clicks on the 3 Color Gradient object in the drop down menu shown in  FIG. 22 .  
         [0033]      FIG. 25  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 22  when a user single clicks on the 2 Color Gradient object in the drop down menu shown in  FIG. 22 .  
         [0034]      FIG. 26  is a screen shot of another spreadsheet when a user selects the Visualize Cells Picker object on the user interface, showing the cursor highlighting the Icon Set object in the drop down menu.  
         [0035]      FIG. 27  is a screen shot of the spreadsheet shown in  FIG. 26  when a user single clicks on the Icon Set of arrows in  FIG. 26 .  
         [0036]      FIG. 28  is an operational flow diagram of the operations in the conditional formatting routine in the embodiments of the present invention shown in  FIGS. 1 through 27 . 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0037]     The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.  
         [0038]     In this specification the terms “conditional formatting” and “formatting rule” are used interchangeably. The terms “rule” and “condition” are conceptually the same. In other words, a condition is a rule in the formatting context. Also, reference will be made to cell “content” or “value” in the examples that follow. The cell values are simply data parameters associated with the particular content being formatted. The data parameter may be other than a number, word, string of characters, etc. The data parameter may include any characteristic associated with the data to which the conditional formatting rule is to apply.  
         [0039]     In general, the present invention relates to conditional formatting of a document. As an example, a spreadsheet in a spreadsheet program is used in this specification. Embodiments of the present invention, in particular, provide a user friendly mechanism to make conditional formatting easier to find, use and understand for users of the spreadsheet program. In accordance with embodiments of the invention, the methods described herein may be performed on a single, stand-alone computer system but are more typically performed on multiple computer systems interconnected to form a distributed computer network.  FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary screen display in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention of an exemplary spreadsheet  100  to which a Formatting Rules toolbar  102  attaches when a user clicks the Analysis tab on a spreadsheet display main toolbar. This Formatting Rules toolbar object  102  displays three conditional template objects: Highlight Cells Picker  104 , Top Ten Picker  106 , and Visualize Cells Picker  108 , as well as links to a more advanced dialog offering additional condition types.  
         [0040]      FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary environment  200  for implementing an embodiment of the invention. This environment  200  includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a computer  210 . Components of the computer  210  may include, but are not limited to, a processing unit  220 , a system memory  230 , and a system bus  221  that couples various system components including the system memory to the processing unit  220 . The system bus  221  may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus also known as Mezzanine bus.  
         [0041]     The computer  210  typically includes a variety of computer-readable media. Computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer  210  and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, and removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by the computer  210 . Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.  
         [0042]     The system memory  230  includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM)  231  and random access memory (RAM)  232 . A basic input/output system  233  (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer  210 , such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM  231 . RAM  232  typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit  220 . By way of example, and not limitation,  FIG. 4  illustrates operating system  234 , application programs  235 , other program modules  236  and program data  237 .  
         [0043]     The computer  210  may also include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only,  FIG. 2  illustrates a hard disk drive  241  that reads from or writes to non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media, a magnetic disk drive  451  that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk  452 , and an optical disk drive  255  that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile optical disk  256  such as a CD ROM or other optical media. Other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media that can be used in the exemplary operating environment include, but are not limited to, magnetic tape cassettes, flash memory cards, digital versatile disks, digital video tape, solid state RAM, solid state ROM, and the like. The hard disk drive  241  is typically connected to the system bus  221  through a non-removable memory interface such as interface  240 , and magnetic disk drive  251  and optical disk drive  255  are typically connected to the system bus  221  by a removable memory interface, such as interface  250 .  
         [0044]     The drives and their associated computer storage media, discussed above and illustrated in  FIG. 2 , provide storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer  210 . In  FIG. 2 , for example, hard disk drive  241  is illustrated as storing operating system  244 , application programs  245 , other program modules  246  and program data  247 . Note that these components can either be the same as or different from operating system  234 , application programs  235 , other program modules  236 , and program data  237 . Operating system  244 , application programs  245 , other program modules  246 , and program data  247  are given different numbers herein to illustrate that, at a minimum, they are different copies. A user may enter commands and information into the computer  210  through input devices such as a tablet (electronic digitizer)  264 , a microphone  263 , a keyboard  262  and pointing device  261 , commonly referred to as mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices (not shown) may include a joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit  220  through a user input interface  160  that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor  291  or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus  221  via an interface, such as a video interface  290 . The monitor  291  may also be integrated with a touch-screen panel  293  or the like that can input digitized input such as handwriting into the computer system  210  via an interface, such as a touch-screen interface  292 . Note that the monitor and/or touch screen panel can be physically coupled to a housing in which the computing device  210  is incorporated, such as in a tablet-type personal computer, wherein the touch screen panel  293  essentially serves as the tablet  264 . In addition, computers such as the computing device  210  may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers  295  and printer  296 , which may be connected through an output peripheral interface  294  or the like.  
         [0045]     The computer  210  may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer  280 . The remote computer  280  may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer  210 , although only a memory storage device  281  has been illustrated in  FIG. 2 . The logical connections depicted in  FIG. 2  include a local area network (LAN)  271  and a wide area network (WAN)  273 , but may also include other networks. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet.  
         [0046]     When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer  410  is connected to the LAN  271  through a network interface or adapter  270 . When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer  210  typically includes a modem  272  or other means for establishing communications over the WAN  273 , such as the Internet. The modem  272 , which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus  221  via the user input interface  260  or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer  210 , or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation,  FIG. 2  illustrates remote application programs  285  as residing on memory device  281 . It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.  
         [0047]     With the computing environment in mind, embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to logical operations being performed to implement processes embodying various embodiments of the present invention. These logical operations are implemented (1) as a sequence of computer implemented steps or program modules running on a computing system and/or (2) as interconnected machine logic circuits or circuit modules within the computing system. The implementation is a matter of choice dependent on the performance requirements of the computing system implementing the invention. Accordingly, the logical operations making up the embodiments of the present invention described herein are referred to variously as operations, structural devices, acts or modules. It will be recognized by one skilled in the art that these operations, structural devices, acts and modules may be implemented in software, in firmware, in special purpose digital logic, and any combination thereof without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention as recited within the claims attached hereto.  
         [0048]     Referring back now to  FIG. 1 , the Highlight Cells Picker  104  contains options for creating a condition that can be evaluated on individual cells (or more generically speaking, on individual data points). Those cells containing values that make the condition true will be specially formatted. When a user clicks on the Highlight Cells Picker  104 , a drop down menu  110  appears, which is separately shown in  FIG. 3 . This drop down menu  110  has five predetermined conditional options: Greater Than option  112 , Less Than option  114 , Equal To option  116 , Text option  118 , Date/Time option  120 , and Duplicate option  122 . Each of these predetermined conditional options has a one-click default template associated with it such that will be further explained below. In addition, this menu  110  has a More Options link  124  that leads to more advanced set of formatting rules that are, or can be, defined by the user.  
         [0049]     When any one of the options Greater Than, Less Than, or Equal To are single-clicked on, that option is highlighted. At the same time, a dialog box  126  appears, such as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . This dialog box  126  will have a title block  128  whose content matches the highlighted option, in this case, “Greater Than”. A default parameter  130  that corresponds to the average of the selected range of cells in the spreadsheet appears highlighted along with a drop down menu for the user to select the format for those cells that meet the particular condition identified in the title block  128  also appears at the same time that the single-click is made. Further, the default condition indicated by the default parameter is preliminarily applied to the spreadsheet  100 .  
         [0050]     This operational sequence for a spreadsheet is best illustrated with reference to the screens shown in  FIGS. 5-8 . In  FIG. 5 , a user has selected the Highlight Cells Picker object  104  in the ribbon  102  for spreadsheet  100  and has placed his pointer over, and thus highlighted, the Less Than option  114  as indicated by the read outlining within the option rectangle. Next, the user single clicks on this option  114 . The immediate result is as shown in  FIG. 6 .  
         [0051]      FIG. 6  illustrates the spreadsheet  100  modified with the default condition value shown in the dialog box  150  applied. The default value for each of the &gt;, &lt;, or = conditions is the average values in the range of cells under examination for formatting in the spreadsheet  100 . In this example, the maximum value is .368. The minimum value is .321. The average of all of the batting averages is .338. This average .338 is shown in the value box  152  in the dialog box  150 . The default formatting is red text, as indicated in the dialog box  150 . Note that, in this fictional example, only Barry Bonds, Ichiro Suzuki, Mark Loretta, Melvin Mora, and Sean Casey have averages greater than .338, and thus remain black. All the rest are less than the average of .338, and thus meet the default less than condition, and therefore are shown in red. Focus is on the “OK” object  154  in the dialog box  150 . If the user desires to utilize this conditional formatting with defaults, he or she simply clicks on “OK” object  154  and the dialog box  150  disappears, with the condition applied.  
         [0052]     However, should the user desire a different rule, he simply has to change the default value  152  from .338 to another value.  FIGS. 7 and 8  illustrate this condition. Again, the spreadsheet  100  is shown, but the user has lowered the value in the object  152  to .330. As this change is made, it is preliminarily immediately applied. Now only Albert Pugols, Erubiel Durazo, Johnny Estrada, Scott Rolen, and Vladimir Guerro are highlighted in red, as having averages less than .330. If the user is satisfied with this conditional rule applied, as visualized in the preliminary view, the user simply clicks on the focused “OK” object to make the conditional format permanent, as is shown in the resulting final spreadsheet  100  in  FIG. 8 .  
         [0053]     Thus the default conditional formatting rules are initially applied in a preliminary view so the user can readily view the impact of the rule change being contemplated prior to its actual implementation to the document, in this case, the spreadsheet  100 . A similar functionality applies to each of the three objects in the Highlight Cells Picker object  104 . The Greater Than object  112  and Equal To object  116  each operate in the same manner as the Less Than object  114  explained above, except that the conditional criteria differ.  
         [0054]     Now, consider the spreadsheet  151  shown in  FIG. 9 . In the exemplary spreadsheet application such as Excel, there is always an “active” cell.  FIG. 9  shows the first address  153  as the active cell. If the user has clicked and dragged the mouse to select a range of cells, the active cell remains the first cell clicked on before dragging. This cell content will appear in the dialog box  156 . Now, if the user changes the dialog box content to “Seattle”, all the displayed addresses that are located in Seattle will automatically immediately change to red text as shown in preview in  FIG. 11 . This conditioning will become permanent only when and if the user clicks OK in the dialog box  156 .  
         [0055]     When a user highlights and clicks on the A Date Occurring object  120 , dialog box  160  shown in  FIG. 12  appears. The default entry in the value box  162  is This Month, and a pull down arrow  164  indicates further options for the value. These options are: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow, In the last  7  days, Last Week, This Week, Next Week, Last Month, and Next Month. If there are any cells in the range of cells in the spreadsheet being formatted that contain a date, those dates may be highlighted as in the examples discussed above with reference to  FIGS. 9-11 .  
         [0056]     When a user highlights and clicks on the Duplicate Values object  122 , a dialog box  166 , as separately shown in  FIG. 13 , appears over the spreadsheet  100 . The value box  168  has two options: Duplicate and Unique. Again, the dialog box  166  will automatically have focus and value selected. The default value in value box  168  is “Duplicate”. Applying this conditional rule, looking for duplicates, results in no entry highlighted in red in spreadsheet  100   
         [0057]     A similar functionality applies to the Top Ten Picker object  106 . When a user clicks on, i.e. selects, this object  106 , shown in  FIG. 1 , a drop down menu  170  appears. This drop down menu  170  is shown separately in  FIG. 14 . The menu  170  has a set of six option objects: Top  10  object  172 , Top 10% object  174 , Bottom 10 object  176 , Bottom 10% object  178 , Above Average object  180 , and Below Average object  182 . If a user moves the mouse cursor over any one of these objects  172  through  182 , the underlying object will be outlined or highlighted. In  FIG. 15 , the spreadsheet  100  is shown after a user single clicks on the Top Ten Picker object  106 , and positions the cursor over the Top 10 object  172 .  
         [0058]     Now, if the user single clicks the left mouse button with the cursor over the Top 10 object  172 , a Top 10 dialog box  184  appears, as in  FIG. 16 , in which control provides the default value b  10  in the value box  186  and the 10 highest batting averages in spreadsheet  100  are highlighted in red and control indicates the value 10 is actively selected. The user may decide after viewing the preliminary result in spreadsheet  100  as shown in  FIG. 16 , that 10 is too high. The user may then choose a lower value such as “4” shown in  FIG. 15 . As soon as the value in value box  186  is changed to 4, the preliminary resulting 4 highest batting averages are highlighted as shown in  FIG. 17 . If the user clicks on the focused OK box, the conditional rule of top 4 will be actually applied to the spreadsheet  100 , as shown in  FIG. 18 .  
         [0059]     The Top 10% object  174 , Bottom 10 object  176 , and Bottom 10% object  178  conditional formatting sequences operate in substantially the same manner as just described for the Top 10 object  172  and shown in  FIGS. 15-18 . However, the operation of the Above Average object  180  and Below Average object  182  are somewhat different.  
         [0060]     If a user moves the mouse cursor over either one of these objects  180  or  182 , the underlying object will be outlined or highlighted as shown in  FIG. 19  for Above Average object  180 . In  FIG. 19 , the spreadsheet  100  is shown after a user single clicks on the Top Ten Picker object  106 , and positions the cursor over the Above Average object  180 . The following discussion referring to  FIGS. 19-20  applies to the Below Average object  182  as well.  
         [0061]     Now, if the user single clicks his or her left mouse button with the cursor over the Above Average object  180 , an Above Average dialog box  188  appears, as in  FIG. 20 , and the three batting averages in spreadsheet  100  above an average between the highest (.368) and lowest (.321) averages, which is above .344 (.321+.023), are highlighted in red. Note that in this case, there is no value box available. This is because the average is determined purely by the high and low values in the spreadsheet cells being evaluated, and is not alterable. The user may decide after viewing the preliminary result in spreadsheet  100  as shown in  FIG. 20 , that this average is not appropriate. The user may then choose to go to the highlight cells object  104  to make a selection as discussed with reference to  FIGS. 5-8 . If the Above Average condition is acceptable, the user selects “OK” and the rule is applied, and the dialog  188  disappears.  
         [0062]     The highlighting format box  190  available to the user in any of the dialog boxes shown in  FIGS. 1-18  to select the highlighting format is by default set at red text. However, this may be altered as shown by the drop down menu  192  in  FIG. 21 . There are four additional preset highlighting formats: red fill, yellow fill, an Icon, and a red border. In addition, a custom format option is also provided so that a user can change the highlighting to be applied. When the values in the highlighting box  190  are changed, the result is immediately shown in the preliminary view. The selected highlighting is only permanently applied when the OK box is selected. If the user clicks Cancel, all formatting associated with the condition is removed, and the condition is not saved.  
         [0063]     The Visualize Cells Picker object  108  operates in slightly a different manner than objects  104 , and  106  described above. The Visualize Cells Picker object  108  formats every cell in the selected cell range differently, according to its relative value. When the Visualize Cells Picker object  108  is selected by a user a drop down menu  300  appears over the spreadsheet  100 , as shown in  FIG. 22 . This drop down menu displays a Data Bar object  302 , a 3 Color Gradient object  304 , a 2 Color Gradient object  306 , an Icon Set object  308 , and, as in the other drop downs, a link to more options. However, unlike the other picker objects, there is no dialog box displayed as a formatting rule is immediately added to the selected cell range. The result of selecting the Data bar object  302  is shown for a different spreadsheet  310  in  FIG. 23 . A bar  312  is added to each cell of the spreadsheet  310  that has a length representative of the relative value of the parameter in the range of the cells. Thus the average for Ichiro Suzuki is indicated as longest and Johnny Estrada&#39;s bar is shortest.  
         [0064]     If a user selects the 3 Color Gradient object  304 , the spreadsheet  310  will look like that shown in  FIG. 24 . Here, different colors are used to fill the cells to indicate the relative strength of the averages. The highest value in the range is formatted with the color green, while the lowest value in the range is formatted with the color red. The color yellow is assigned to the value halfway between the highest and lowest value. An algorithm then calculates the color shade for all other cells in the range by matching its value to a point on the gradient color scale created by the red, yellow and green points.  
         [0065]     If a user selects the 2 color Gradient object  306 , the spreadsheet  310  will look like that shown in  FIG. 25 . This works the same way as the 3 Color Gradient, but we only have two colors. In the example, the two colors are green and yellow. The highest value in the range is formatted with the color green, and the lowest value in the range is formatted with the color yellow. An algorithm calculates the specific color shade between green and yellow that should be assigned to other cell values in the range. The colors used are default colors, that may be changed in the custom formatting options.  
         [0066]     In the Visualize Cells picker, if a user selects the Icon Sets object  308 , as shown in the view of an exemplary spreadsheet  400  shown in  FIG. 26 , a 3 icon set  326  consisting of red, yellow and green arrows automatically appears in the spreadsheet  400  as shown in  FIG. 27 . Application of the arrows is predetermined, with upper third in the range getting the green up arrow, the lower third getting a down red arrow, and the middle third getting a horizontal yellow arrow.  
         [0067]     Turning now to the operational flow diagram  500  shown in  FIG. 28 , the sequence of operations for the conditional formatting of a spreadsheet, or other document, in accordance with the present invention will be described. First, a spreadsheet or other document is opened and displayed in operation  502 . A user then selects a cell range within the spreadsheet in operation  504 , typically by holding down the left mouse button and dragging the cursor over the range of cells to be modified. Note that it is possible to select a non-contiguous range of cells by holding down the Ctrl key. The user next selects the operation to be applied from the main toolbar on the spreadsheet display (not shown). In the present invention, to access the formatting rules toolbar, the user need only click on the analysis tab on the main toolbar. For the particular embodiment of the present invention described above, this is depicted as control operation  506 . When a user selects the analysis tab from the main toolbar of the application, the formatting rules toolbar  102  appears over the spreadsheet display as shown in  FIG. 1 . This is depicted as control operation  508  in  FIG. 28 . Control then transfers to query operation  510  where control awaits action by the user to select one of the picker objects  104 ,  106 , or  108  as, for example, is shown in  FIG. 4 . If the answer in query operation is no, the user has not yet selected a picker object, the control returns to the query operation  510 , i.e., operations are suspended until a picker object is selected. When a picker object is selected, the answer in operation is yes, and control transfers to operation  512 .  
         [0068]     In operation  512 , a drop down menu is displayed below the particular picker that the user has selected. This drop down menu is sensitive to the user&#39;s cursor position. The user places the cursor over one of the objects in the drop down menu. During this time control transfers to query operation  514  where control awaits the user to apply a single click on the cursor when it is positioned over one of the objects in the pull down menu. If a user clicks on one of the objects, that object&#39;s default values in a default format are automatically applied to the selected cell range identified in operation  504 . As with all standard Windows application drop down menus, clicking anywhere outside the drop down menu will cause it to close. If the user has clicked on one of the objects, control transfers to operation  516 .  
         [0069]     In operation  516 , the condition called for by the selected object and the default values for that object are applied to the displayed spreadsheet view. No changes are made to the stored spreadsheet. Only the displayed spreadsheet cell values are modified in accordance with the default values and format. Control then transfers to operation  518 .  
         [0070]     In operation  518 , a dialog box is displayed that has the default values and format shown in the value box and format box. This dialog box is focused on the default value and an “OK” acceptance box. Control then transfers to operation  520  to await confirmation by the user. If the user clicks on OK, control transfers to operation  524 .  
         [0071]     In operation  524 , the changes preliminarily made to the spreadsheet display are made permanent in the spreadsheet. Control then passes to end operation  526  where the process terminates.  
         [0072]     However, if the user does not like the default selection value provided in operation  516 , the user does not confirm. Instead, the user can enter a different value in the focused value box or select a different formatting parameter in the dialog box. In this case control automatically transfers from operation  518  to query operation  528  in which the answer is yes. Control then transfers to operation  530  where the changed value is displayed in the dialog box and the change is immediately applied to the preliminary spreadsheet display. Control then returns to await user confirmation operation  520  where the control awaits the user confirming the changed formatting by clicking OK in the dialog box. Again, if the changed values are acceptable to the user, and the user clicks OK, then control transfers to operation  524  where the changed conditions are applied. Control then passes to end operation  526 .  
         [0073]     Although the invention has been described in language specific to structural features, methodological acts, and computer readable media containing such acts, it is to be understood that the invention defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific structure, acts or media described. As an example, the above described conditional formatting can be applied to a word processing document such as Microsoft® Word or Microsoft® Powerpoint, and any other number or word processing application in a similar manner. Therefore, the specific structure, acts or media are disclosed herein only as preferred forms of implementing the claimed invention. They should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention. Further, many variations and changes and alternatives will readily suggest themselves to one ordinarily skilled in the art. Accordingly all such variations, changes and alternatives are also within the intended broad scope and meaning of the invention as defined by the appended claims.