Abstract:
A method and system for attaching a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag to an ordnance is provided. By tailoring the packaged tag and electronics to accommodate existing ordnance body cavities the integrity of the bomb casing is maintained. Likewise, fin assemblies also remain intact and are mounted in a conventional manner to the tagged ordnance. Numerous ordnance types, to include the mark (MK)  80  series general purpose bombs and equivalents are compatible with the tagging method and system described herein. Set screw mounted tail assemblies of various fin configurations are readily assembled onto the metal body casings of tagged ordnances. A curved dipole antenna provides access to external query signals and transmission of tag locating signals. As described herein, tag antennas can mount between ordnance assembly parts, adding to the ease of retrofitting existing ordnance inventory for a RFID tag localizing system.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/783,468, filed May 19, 2010, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0002]    This invention was made with government support under Contract No. FA8224-09-C-0044, between the Department of Defense and Williams-Pyro, Inc. The government has certain rights in the invention. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The present invention relates generally to a method and system of tagging unexploded ordnances, and more particularly to a method of and system for attaching a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag to a metal ordnance. 
         [0004]    It has been shown that a RFID system can provide a means for detecting and localizing unexploded ordnances in a field environment 1  Attaching a RFID tag to an ordnance poses numerous challenges. One of ordinary skill recognizes the need for a mounted tag to withstand the physical forces associated with landing impact. Lesser forces, which may also compromise the tag&#39;s integrity, include those applied in handling, assembling, arid loading. Launch of the ordnance presents yet another set of forces which a mounted tag would need to withstand. It is also desirable for the attachment itself to be rugged enough to survive the forces of landing impact, such that the tag remains associated with the ordnance. 
         [0005]    A RFID tag will have an antenna for communication with, for example, a reader. Many ordnances, to include general purpose bombs, have an outer metal casings. Signal receipt and transmission from a tag antenna housed within a metal casing would be quite impaired. Mounting an antenna on a bomb exterior poses challenges, which include surviving impact. 
         [0006]    Tail kits are conventionally attached to many ordnances and are chosen to provide a desired flight speed and trajectory. It would be desirable for the tag when mounted to have an insignificant or undetectable effect on ordnance aerodynamics and target penetration. It is also desirable to be able to retrofit existing ordnance inventory with a RFID tag. It would be desirable to have a tagging method which was compatible with numerous ordnances in various configurations. 
         [0007]    Conventionally, RFID tags have been mounted to mark (MK)  52  practice bombs. The MK  52  has a dough molded body and a composite fin. The MK  52  bomb is adopted for the 500-lb MK  82  bomb and is used, for example, for practicing delivery techniques. 2    FIG. 1A  shows a conventional MK  52   100  with its dough body  110 , composite tail assembly  120 , and nose assembly  135 . Conventional tag mounting protocols include cutting grooves into the aft of the tube body  125 . Another similar conventional mounting protocol includes cutting grooves in each tail fin  120 - 1 - 120 - 4   FIG. 1B  shows one of four fins  120 - 1  with a groove of composite  126  removed and replaced with epoxy  140 . A tag  142  is set in the epoxy. In accordance with this conventional method, each fin of tail assembly  120  has a groove cut and filled with epoxy and or a tag with epoxy, not shown. 
         [0008]    Removing equal grooves in each fin of the tail assembly  120  and filling the same with epoxy may decrease the effect of modifying the fin on the ordnance&#39;s aerodynamics. While cutting grooves in a dough or composite material may be efficient, the same method may be significantly less efficient in metal, for example steel. 
         [0009]    Referring to  FIG. 1A , yet another conventional method of mounting a tag in a MK  52  is to mount the RFID tag between the nose  135  and the body  110 . Since the subject body is non-metal, electromagnetic energy may penetrate the casing to energize a passive tag. However, a passive tag mounted in a metal casing body would not receive the same needed energy transfer from a reader. The tags mounted in the MK  52   s  were passive. 1  The nose assembly of the practice MK  52  is relatively simple and consistent across MK  52   s.  In contrast, the nose assemblies of any of the MK  80  series body ordnances varies considerably depending on the type of ordnance and affixing a tag into this region may not be feasible. These tag mounting methods do not readily translate into viable or practical tag mounting techniques for the metal casing and metal fins of general purpose bombs, guided ordnances, or metal casing practice bombs. 
         [0010]    It would be desirable to have a tag mounting method and system which had minimal effect on bomb aerodynamics. It would also be desirable if the system and method were applicable to a wide range of ordnance types. And it would be desirable if metal casing bombs could be readily retrofitted with a tag mounting system and method. The mounted REID tag must be rugged and reliable. Ruggedness is needed to withstand the launching of the ordnance and its destination impact as well as any intermediate contacts. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    The present invention addresses some of the issues presented above by providing a method and system of attaching an active RFID tag to a metal casing bomb comprising a metal MK  80  series or equivalent body. A system and method in accordance with the present invention does not require removing metal from the ordnance body or fin. The system and method in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are readily applied to a multitude of bomb configurations comprising a MR  80  series body and equivalents and conventional fin assemblies and equivalents. Here, the term conventional refers to ready availability to one of ordinary skill and does not refer to an ordnance type, e.g. conventional versus nuclear or low drag versus guided. Aspects of the present invention are provided for summary purposes and are not intended to be all inclusive or exclusive. Embodiments of the present invention may have any of or none of the aspects below. 
         [0012]    One aspect of the present invention is to maintain the integrity of the metal ordnance body. 
         [0013]    Another aspect of the present invention is to maintain the integrity of various tail assemblies. 
         [0014]    Another aspect of the present invention is to be compatible with general purpose, guided, and practice bombs comprising a MK  80  series body. 
         [0015]    Another aspect of the present invention is to provide compatibility across military department ordnances utilizing a MK  80  series body or equivalents, to include, for example, a bomb live unit (BUD). 
         [0016]    Another aspect of the present invention is that it may be used to readily retrofit existing ordnance inventory. 
         [0017]    Yet another aspect of the present invention is the utilization of existing spaces in a multitude of ordnances. 
         [0018]    Yet another aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is the use of two RFID tags, at different mounting locations and with different configurations, to provide additional system reliability. 
         [0019]    Another aspect of the invention is rapid assembly of its components during ordnance build up. Another aspect of the invention is the compatibility with conventional bomb assembly, affording timely assembly in multiple ordnance configurations. And yet another aspect of the invention is the ready disassembly of the tag assembly from a non-deployed ordnance if desired. 
         [0020]    Those skilled in the art will further appreciate the above-noted features and advantages of the invention together with other important aspects thereof upon reading the detailed description that follows in conjunction with the drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0021]    For more complete understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention, reference is now made to the detailed description of the invention along with the accompanying figures, wherein: 
           [0022]      FIGS. 1A and 1B  show a conventional MK  52  and a conventionally mounted RFID tag on a vane of the MK  52  fin, respectively; 
           [0023]      FIG. 2  illustrates parts of a conventional MK  80  series bomb; 
           [0024]      FIG. 3  shows an approximation of the relative sizes of MK  80  series bodies with tail assemblies mounted; 
           [0025]      FIG. 4  shows three low drag fins with a set screw mounting mechanism in greater detail, each compatible with a MK  80  series bomb body and with exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0026]      FIGS. 5A-5C  show the aft end of a MK  80  series body in greater detail with RFID tags attached in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0027]      FIGS. 5D-5E  show front and rear isometric views, respectively, of a cap mounting tag, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0028]      FIG. 6A  shows an isometric view of the aft body of a MK  80  series bomb, channel, and RFID tag with a medial cutaway along the length of the body, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0029]      FIG. 6B  shows a cross section along line Z-Z in the direction of y of  FIG. 6A  and  FIG. 6C  shows a same cross section view of another embodiment of a channel mounting MD tag, in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0030]      FIG. 7  shows a block diagram of tag components to be encased in a desired shape, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0031]      FIG. 8A  shows a block diagram of a method of attaching a RFID tag to an aft end of a conventional MK  80  series body or equivalent bomb body and assembling a conventional tail assembly or equivalent onto the tag mounted body, in accordance with an exemplary method of the present invention; 
           [0032]      FIG. 8B  shows a block diagram of another method of attaching a RFID tag to an aft end of a conventional MK  80  series body or equivalent bomb body and assembling a conventional tail assembly or equivalent onto the tag mounted body, in accordance with another exemplary method of the present invention 
           [0033]      FIG. 9  shows a block diagram of another exemplary method of attaching a RFID tag to the cap on an aft end of a conventional MK  80  series body or equivalent bomb body and assembling a conventional tail assembly or equivalent onto the tag mounted body, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0034]      FIG. 10A  shows a tag antenna prototype and  FIG. 10B  shows an apparatus used to verify the feasibility of the prototype design in an ordnance-mounted state, in accordance with an exemplary tagging method and system of the present invention; and 
           [0035]      FIG. 10C  shows a cross section view of an antenna along line XX of  FIG. 10A , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0036]      FIG. 11  shows a top exploded view of an antenna, a channel tag, and a cap tag relative to the aft end of a bomb body, an accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0037]    The invention, as defined by the claims, may be better understood by reference to the following detailed description. The description is meant to be read with reference to the figures contained herein. This detailed description relates to examples of the claimed subject matter for illustrative purposes, and is in no way meant to limit the scope of the invention. The specific aspects and embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative of ways to make and use the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention. 
         [0038]      FIG. 2  shows a conventional 500 pound mark MK  82  bomb and serves to illustrate parts of an ordnance common to bombs in the general purpose bomb series, to include the MK  80  series, (General Dynamics, Garland, Tex., U.S.A) The MK  82  general purpose bomb  200  is shown with a low drag tail kit  220  attached to the aft  215  metal body casing  210 . At the opposite end of the metal casing body is the nose end  230  to which various nose assemblies may be attached. The outer surface of the metal casing  210  and the tail kit  220  may be painted, not shown. In contrast the MK  52  has a dough molded body and a composite fin, a MK  80  series bomb has a metal body casing. 
         [0039]    Unlike the composite fins of  FIG. 1B , many conventional ail assemblies are made of steel and are not easily grooved. Conventionally, as shown in  FIG. 1B , a portion of the fin composite is removed  126  forming a cavity. A RFID tag is set in epoxy  142  and then mounted in the cavity using additional epoxy to fill the cavity  140 . It may not be possible to use this conventional method to retrofit existing bombs. In addition, avoiding fin modification may be desirable to maintain accuracy and desired aerodynamics. 
         [0040]      FIG. 3  shows four different sizes of general purpose MK  80  series bombs  310 ,  330 ,  350 ,  370 , namely the MK  81 , MK  82 , MK  83 , and MK  84 , respectively. Each body casing  320 ,  340 ,  360 ,  380  has a nose end  323 ,  343 ,  363 ,  383  and an aft end  322 ,  342 ,  362 ,  382 . Attached to each aft end is a tail assembly  324 ,  344 ,  364 , and  384 . 
         [0041]      FIG. 4  shows three low drag fin tail assemblies with a set screw mounting mechanism in greater detail. Each tail assembly is compatible with a MK  80  series bomb body and with exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Tail assemblies  444 ,  464 , and  484  are compatible with MK  82   344 , MK  83   364 , and MK  84   384 , respectively, shown for example in  FIG. 3 . Each of the low drag fin assemblies includes four fins, for example  485 - 1 -  485 - 4  on tail assembly  484 . Still referring to tail assembly  484 , a mounting ring  488  is at the opposite end of the fins and shown on each tail assembly  448 ,  468 . Turning to tail assembly  484 , each mounting ring has eight threaded holes through which set screws  487 - 1 - 487 - 8  thread. Set screw  487 - 1  is shown removed from threaded hole  491 - 1 . The number of tail assembly mounting set screws may vary across ordnance type and size and/or across tail assembly type. A MK  82  low drag tail assembly may mount, for example, with six set screws, while a joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) tail kit may mount with eight set screws. 
         [0042]      FIGS. 5A and 5B  show the aft end  582  of a MK  80  series body in greater detail with RFID tags attached in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Turning first to  FIG. 5A , two set screws, which would be present upon attachment of a compatible tail assembly, are shown  587 - 1 ,  587 - 2 . In practice eight set screws may be placed at forty-five degree separations as measured from the aft body center  590  to secure the tail assembly. The set screws  587 - 1 ,  587 - 2  are shown in channel  545  which is formed within an aft body plate  567  secured to the aft end of the bomb body  582 . The aft body plate  567  comprises two flanges  581 ,  548 . The outer radius  547  of the outer flange  548  is smaller than outer radius  541  of the inner flange  581 , where the inner flange  581  mounts onto the aft body end  582 . Turning to  FIG. 4 , the inner diameter  489  of respective fin assembly  484  is greater than twice the outer flange radius  547  but less than twice the inner flange radius  541  of  FIG. 5A . The mounting ring  488 , for example, of fin assembly  484 , shown in  FIG. 4 , slides over radius  547  and abuts against face  583  of  FIG. 5A . 
         [0043]    The increase in weight of MK  80  series ordnances across MK  81  through MK  84  corresponds to an increase in body size, as shown in  FIG. 3   320 ,  340 ,  360 ,  380 . A corresponding increase in aft body diameter  597  exists, shown for example in  FIG. 5A . In turn, the arc length  512  between set screws, as shown in  FIG. 5B , and radius of curvature will also increase while the angular degree of separation between set screws may remain constant in conventional tail assemblies. The set screw placement in  FIG. 5B  may not represent the set screw separation in practice. With an increase in arc length between set screws, a longer tag assembly is possible, in accordance with the present invention. 
         [0044]      FIG. 6A  shows an isometric view of the aft body of a MK  80  series bomb, channel, and RFID tag with a medial cutaway along the length of the body  680  in direction z, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The v-shaped bottom  646  of the channel  645  is visible. A tag  625  rests in the bottom of the channel and extends upwards, while remaining below the height of the outer flange  647 . The tag  625  extends along the channel arc towards set screw  687 - 2  but has adequate clearance to avoid contact with set screw  687 - 2 . In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, the RFID tag and its epoxy encapsulate extend between two adjacent set screws while remaining free from set screw contact. The tag may extend part way up the face  683  the inner flange  681  of the aft body plate  667 . 
         [0045]      FIG. 6B  shows a cross section view along line Z-Z in the direction of y of  FIG. 6A . The metal body casing  680  is adjacent to the aft body plate  667 . An edge of the aft body plate  667  comprises an inner rim  681  and outer rim  648 . A v channel  645  is formed between the inner and outer rims  681 ,  648 . Two exemplary embodiments of a tag, in accordance with the present invention, are shown. A cross section of the tag may be triangular  625 . The height ht  623  of a tag cross section does not exceed the height of the channel hc  673 , as shown in  FIG. 6B . Similarly, the height of a polygon cross section ht+2  623 - 2  may not exceed height hc  673 , as shown in  FIG. 6C . Tag cross sections  625  and  625 - 2  are exemplary and maximize the cross section available in the v channel  645  while still accommodating set screw mounting  687 - 2  of conventional tail assemblies and equivalents.  FIG. 6B , also shows a cross section of the cap  650 , which may bolt  651  into the aft body plate  667 . 
         [0046]    In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, an alternate or second tag assembly may be desired. Referring to  FIG. 5A , the tail assembly, not shown, may separate or shear from the aft end  582  of a bomb body  580  upon impact. In turn, a tag  525  mounted in the channel  545  could be damaged or displaced. Turning to  FIG. 5B , tag  575  represents a second tag assembly configuration. The tag  575  mounts on the outer cap surface  550 . The tag may be curved, as shown, and will be disposed between the outer flange  548  and the inner fuse well  590 . In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the tag assembly will span a length which exceeds a separation between two adjacent cap holes  560 - 3 ,  560 - 4 . Two additional cap holes, not shown, are underneath tag  575 . 
         [0047]    Turning to  FIG. 5B , at each end of the tag  575  are through holes  561 - 1 ,  561 - 2 , which align with two adjacent cap holes underneath tag  575 . An alignment pin  577  passes through a first hole  561 - 2 . The second hole  561 - 1  is not threaded. A cap screw  593  passes through hole  561 - 1  in  575  and turns into a threaded cap hole behind, securing the tag assembly. 
         [0048]      FIG. 5C  shows another tag assembly configuration  576 . This tag assembly encircles the fuze well  590 . Holes in the tag  576  align with cap  550  holes beneath the tag. A cap screw  593 , such as may also be used in the tag embodiment  575 , is shown. An aligning pin  577  is also shown aligned with a hole  561 - 2  in tag  576 . The placement of the cap screw and alignment pins may vary in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. One or more cap screws may be used. A curved tag  576  may have a combination of aligning pins and cap screws filling in available spanner wrench holes and threaded holes, not shown, in the cap  550  and passing through corresponding holes in tag  576 . In a curved tag  576 , two or more cap screws may be used and aligning pins may not employed. In accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention, in MK  80  series bombs and equivalents, the v channel groove  545  may extend the circumference of the aft body end plate, where the complete circumference is not shown in the figures, for example  FIGS. 5B and 5C . 
         [0049]    Embodiments of tag assemblies, to include those shown in  FIGS. 5A-5C ,  525 ,  575 ,  576 , may be encased in an epoxy, a polymer or a plastic, in accordance with the present invention. Epoxy may be used to provide adhesion to the bomb surface during attachment. An encased tag assembly may include a battery. For the tag assembly embodiments, such as  575  and  576 , which mount on the outer surface of the cap  550 , an antenna may be incorporated into the tag assembly. For the configuration of  576 , a curved dipole antenna may be used. An exemplary curved dipole antenna is described below in reference to  FIGS. 10A-10B . 
         [0050]    Cap-mounted tag embodiments such as  575  and  576  may survive the loss of a tail assembly on impact. Loss or compromise of the tail assembly can provide outside access to an otherwise metal enclosed antenna, such as an antenna encased in a cap mounted tag assembly. In accordance with one embodiment, only a cap mounted tag is attached to a given ordnance. In another embodiment only the channel mounted tag  525  is attached to the ordnance, and in yet another embodiment a channel mounted tag  525  and a cap mounted tag  575  are both attached to a given ordnance. In still another embodiment, a channel mounted tag functions as the primary tag and a cap mounted tag functions as a secondary tag. 
         [0051]      FIGS. 5D-5E  show a front and a rear isometric view of a cap mounted tag assembly, respectively, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. A like tag is shown mounted in  FIG. 5B . The rear face  588 ,  FIG. 5E , mounts on an exposed cap surface, not shown. The front face  591  faces outward when the tag assembly is mounted on a cap. An alignment pin,  589  is shown extending out the rear face  588 . However, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the alignment pin is incorporated into the cap mounted tag assembly and is not a separate pin, easing assembly and reducing potential foreign object damage. 
         [0052]      FIG. 7  shows a block diagram of tag electronics to be encased, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The tag may not consume battery power before launch and impact of the ordnance. Acceleration switch  720  closes the connection between the battery  710  and power supply electronics  712  and the processor  730 . In accordance with one exemplary embodiment, the acceleration switch  720  will trigger close at  60  or greater g&#39;s. This acceleration is greater than the anticipated acceleration at launch or in flight but less than anticipated g&#39;s at ordnance impact. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the battery  710  is small and electronics  700  are relatively low power. 
         [0053]    In accordance with one embodiment, a metal proximity sensor  740 , senses the presence of metal and outputs a metal present signal when the active tag  700  is attached to the ordnance. The metal sensor may also be encased and connects to the encased processor. In accordance with another embodiment, the receiver of transceiver  760  will be disabled if metal proximity sensor  740  does not detect the presence of ordnance metal. By utilizing a metal proximity detector, localization of tags that have disassociated from their ordnance casings can be avoided. Tag electronics  700  include an encryption and a decryption module  750 . An antenna, not shown, connects to transceiver  760 . In an embodiment such as that shown in  FIGS. 5B and 5C , tag assembly  575  or tag assembly  576  may have an antenna within the tag encasing. While a tag assembly of the embodiment shown and described as a channel mount  525 , shown for example in  FIG. 5A , will have a connection to an antenna outside of the tag assembly encasing. 
         [0054]      FIG. 8A  shows a block diagram of a method of attaching a RFID tag to an aft end of a conventional MK  80  series body or equivalent bomb body and assembling a conventional tail assembly onto the tag mounted body, in accordance with an exemplary method of the present invention. After encasing the RFID tag assembly in a polymer, plastic, or epoxy  810 , the encased assembly is formed into a rod comprising a polygon cross-section  815 . In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the initial encasing of the tag  810  and the forming of the rod  815  may be done in a single process or single step. In accordance with another embodiment, the tag electronics are first encased and then subsequently the encased electronics are encased again in a forming of the rod process. The rod may be curved to have a radius of curvature near a radius of curvature of a metal ordnance body&#39;s aft end  820 . By limiting a length of the rod to less than an arc length between adjacent set screws  820 , a subsequent tail assembly is readily accommodated. Limiting a height of the rod to a distance between an apex of the v bottom channel and an outer radius of the outer flange, hc,  825  yields a packaged RFID tag assembly, which enables further ordnance assembly. After proper encasing, shaping and sizing, the packaged RFID tag assembly is attached to a v bottom groove between adjacent set screws of an aft body end of the ordnance with an adhesive  830 . In alternate embodiments the step of adhesion is omitted. The absence of adhesive may facilitate tag assembly removal during ordnance disassembly. 
         [0055]    In an alternate method embodiment, the tag assembly is acquired encased and formed in the desired shape ready for v channel placement. The rod cross section size and shape need not be constant along its length. In accordance with the present invention, the finished rod fits into the v channel and affords mounting of the desired tail assembly as discussed, for example, in relation to  FIG. 6B . Any of the corners of the rod, for example any of the three corners of a triangle cross section embodiment may be rounded. 
         [0056]    When an antenna is to be attached  835 , a flat curved dipole antenna is insulated on both flat sides. In accordance with one exemplary embodiment, one side of the flat curved antenna is laid on and secured to a layer of polyimide tape, having a same flat curved configuration  840 . Subsequently, a second flat curved insulator is applied to the exposed side of the flat antenna surface  845 . The insulated antenna is placed on the outer surface of aft body end  850 . With the antenna in place and electrically connected to the tag assembly  834 , the desired tail assembly is mounted onto the aft body end with the set screws straddling the tag assembly  855 . Using set screws, the tail assembly is secured to the ordnance  855 . In another method embodiment the antenna is acquired in insulated form, such that steps of insulating are not executed. Again, the insulated antenna is mounted after the rod is positioned in the v channel. 
         [0057]    In an alternate method embodiment, shown in  FIG. 8B , a flat curved insulated antenna is placed on the aft body end of the ordnance  805  before the tag assembly is mounted in the channel. Encasing and rod forming are performed to yield a rod which fits into the v bottom channel  812 ,  817 ,  822 ,  827 . The desired rod is placed between two adjacent set screw positions in the channel  832 . The antenna is electrically connected to the tag assembly  834 . Then, the desired tail assembly is attached by securing set screws  855 . In yet another method embodiment, the tag assembly is acquired in an encased rod of the desired shape. A flat curved insulated antenna is placed on the aft body end of the ordnance  805 . The rod formed tag assembly is mounted in the v channel on an aft body end in between adjacent set screw positions  832 . The antenna is electrically connected to the tag assembly  834 . And the desired tail assembly is seated and secured with the eight set screws  855 . 
         [0058]      FIG. 9  shows a block diagram of another exemplary method of attaching a RFID tag to the cap on an aft end of a conventional MK  80  series body or equivalent bomb body and securing a conventional tail assembly onto the same bomb body, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Tag electronics are encased in a polymer, plastic or epoxy  910 . The encased assembly is formed into a flat sided rod  915 . The rod is a curved into an arc having a radius of curvature near a radius of curvature of a metal ordnance cap  920 . The length of the curved rod is expanded to exceed an arc length between adjacent cap holes  925 . The width of the rod arc is limited to less than a distance from an outer cap radius and an inner cap radius  930 . A first hole and a second hole are formed through the rod with a placement such that holes align with the adjacent cap holes  935 . The second hole of the rod may be sized to accommodate passage of a threaded cap screw. In still another embodiment, only the latter hole is present to accommodate passage of, for example, a cap screw, while an aligning pin is fabricated into the tag assembly at the position of the would be first hole. 
         [0059]    The tag rod is placed on the exposed cap surface  945  aligning the first and second holes through the rod with adjacent holes in the cap  950 . An aligning pin is pushed through the first hole in the rod and into a first spanner wrench hole  955 . In another embodiment the aligning pin is incorporated into the flat sided rod and is inserted in the spanner wrench hole  955  underneath. A cap screw is inserted through the second hole of the rod and turned into the threaded cap hole underneath, attaching the tag assembly to the ordnance  960 . In an alternated method embodiment, the tag assembly is acquired already encased and in the desired rod shape. In turn, the method of mounting the same begins as described above with the tag rod being placed on the exposed cap surface  945  aligning the first and second holes through the rod with adjacent spanner holes in the cap  950 . As above, the desired tail assembly is seated and secured with the eight or six set screws, not shown. 
         [0060]    In still another cap mounted tag assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, through holes are present in the tag to align with between two and four large threaded holes in the cap, for example, in a MK  84  cap. For such a cap, multiple cap screws may be employed to secure the tag to the cap. 
         [0061]      FIG. 10A  shows a tag antenna prototype and  FIG. 10B  shows an apparatus used to test the antenna and its mounting design, in accordance with an exemplary tagging method and system of the present invention. The efficacy of a flat curved antenna mounted between the aft end of a bomb body and a tail assembly to transmit and receive signals was tested experimentally. Points  1030  and  1032  indicate endpoints of the inner curved copper antenna, while the outer insulation is continuous. An antenna embodiment, in accordance with the present invention, comprises curved strips of copper in a dipole curved antenna insulated on each flat side with gasket-like insulation  1010 . A lead  1015  was connected to the antenna dipoles  1040  and connected to a radio frequency connector, not shown, on the other end  1050 . The radio frequency connector was connected to a network analyzer to evaluate antenna performance. The insulated antenna was placed between two steel plates  1020 ,  1030 . The gap between the steel plates was reduced to approximate the spacing between an aft body end and a mounted tail fin assembly. Desired signal reception quality was verified for distances up to 300 feet. Performance was also evaluated as a function of antenna gap size, the space between end points  1030 ,  1032 . Well performing gap sizes included 0.01.1 inches, 0.022 inches, 0.033 inches and no space at 0 inches. 
         [0062]      FIG. 10C  shows a cross section view of an antenna embodiment along line XX of  FIG. 10A , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Insulations  1011 ,  1012  are attached to either side of copper  1009 . An antenna width, Aw,  1060  is set to a height of face  583 ,  683  of an inner flange, shown in  FIGS. 5A and 6B . In alternate embodiments the width of the antenna is less than the height of the inner flange. The front and back insulators  1011 ,  1012  may be polyimide, biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate, or similar material. In accordance with one exemplary embodiment, the insulating material has a thickness of 0.003 inches. In the prototype design and testing, described above, biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate was used as the insulating material. 
         [0063]      FIG. 11  shows a top isometric and exploded view of embodiments of the present invention relative to the aft end of an ordnance and cap. This view provides a view of an antenna  1110 , a channel tag  1125 , and a cap tag  1175  relative to the aft end  1182  of a bomb body  1180  and a cap  1170 . Also shown is a cap screw  1155  which would pass through the cap tag and turn into a threaded hole in the cap  1170 . In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention the electronics of a channel tag  1125  connect to antenna  1110  via a flexible copper foil connector, foil connector not shown. The antenna, foil, and channel tag are all readily encased in, for example, a polymer. The encased three part encased unit with a flexible connection between the antenna and channel rod permits ready bomb assembly with the channel tag  1125  dropping into channel  1145  and antenna  1110  slipping up against  1183 , the pair already connected. The foil connector may also have a flexible insulation layer between the foil and encasing polymer. 
         [0064]    The system and method in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are readily applied to a multitude of bomb configurations comprising, the MK  80  series body, and conventional fin assemblies. Ordnance types compatible with the present invention include the bomb live unit (BLU) series, and BDU practice bombs. 
         [0065]    A tag attachment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, is shielded, at least in part, from the forces of impact. One embodiment is protected in the v channel of an aft body plate, while other embodiments are mounted to a cap. Both of channel and cap embodiments are enclosed by a tail assembly. A flat curved antenna, which may be used in combination with a channel-mounted tag, may withstand the abrasions of landing. Conventionally the bomb&#39;s exterior paint may be abrasively removed during landing. An outer edge of a gasket-like curved antenna, such as that shown in  FIGS. 10A and 10C , may be shaved but would still have continuity to transmit and receive signals. In still other embodiments, multiple channel tags and/or multiple cap tags can be mounted on a given ordnance. 
         [0066]    The present invention avoids cutting grooves into the bomb body or fin for tag mounting. The tag system and method in accordance with the present invention accommodates the metal casing and metal fins of general purpose bombs, guided ordnances, or metal casing practice bombs. The method and system of tagging described herein maintains the integrity of the bomb. 
         [0067]    While specific alternatives to steps of the invention have been described herein, additional alternatives not specifically disclosed but known in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the invention. Thus, it is understood that other applications of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the described embodiment and after consideration of the appended claims and drawing. 
       Reference List  
       [0068]    [1] Shubert, K. A., Davis, R. J., Barnum, T. J., Balaban, B. D., Arndor, Sikorski B. J., Peters, T. J. and J. W. Griffin.  Enhanced Electromagnetic Tagging for Embedded Tracking of Muniaonsand Ordnance During Future Remediation Efforts.  Final Technical Report; pp 1-3, Jun. 30, 2007. 
         [0069]    [2] Id. at page 18.