Abstract:
A system and method for securing intellectual property rights in distributed intellectual property. The present invention grants and polices rights in electronically distributed intellectual property. Use limitations are established by agreement by the content provider and the client. The use limitations are reflected in time-based, usage-based and player based component codes that are used to determine if the client is entitled to use the intellectual property. The present invention further protects the intellectual property from unauthorized use by encrypting the intellectual property with a key created from some or all of the component codes. As the component codes are known to both the client and the content provider, no key exchange is required by the present invention.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of the U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/293,364, filed May 23, 2001, entitled “System and Method for Commercial Multimedia Rental and Distribution System” and naming David J. Weinstein, Allan M. Weinstein, M. D., Paul A. Kline, and Jon L. Roberts, Ph.D. as inventors. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. The present invention relates to distribution on demand of multimedia content over a network, and in particular, to a system and method for securing intellectual property rights in distributed intellectual property.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    2. Intellectual property such as software, games, music, video and books (collectively, “multimedia content”) are widely available through a variety of distribution means. Increasingly, delivery is made via a network such as the Internet. Typically, a client using an access device that is configured to “play” multimedia content (the access device herein referred to as a “player”) connects to the network and downloads a multimedia content file to the player. The client pays a license fee that is set by the owner or distributor of the multimedia content, which fee may be time or use based. For purposes of this disclosure, “play” and “playing” include: listen and listening to; view and viewing; play and playing (such as an electronic game); execute and executing; and any other form of use and using the multimedia content of the product. A “player” is the device used for playing the work. This “player” might be a personal computer, a set-top box used to receive cable or satellite programming, or any number of devices configured to play multimedia content.  
           [0004]    3. While the use of the Internet as a distribution means has many advantages, the Internet can also be used to provide unauthorized access to intellectual property on a world-wide scale thereby denying the owner of the property control over its use. This unauthorized use or distribution is popularly referred to as “piracy”.  
           [0005]    4. A number of approaches have been taken in an attempt to limit piracy of multimedia content distributed over the Internet. The most common approach is to require the client to establish an account and a payment method with a content provider. Once the account is established, the client orders the multimedia content and receives the multimedia content from a remote location over the Internet. The client then uses or plays the multimedia content under the terms of a usage license granted to the client. The problem with this approach is that it does not secure the intellectual property rights of the multimedia content after distribution to the client.  
           [0006]    5. To a limited extent, this problem is addressed by using digital watermarking to trace the original procurer of works that have been pirated. Additionally, digital rights management (DRM), based on digital watermark technology, limits the ability of the client to make copies of the multimedia content and the number of times multimedia content can may be used or played. However, neither of these approaches assures that the multimedia content is not accessed or copied without authorization or that the owner of the multimedia content will receive fair compensation for the use of the multimedia content distributed over the Internet.  
           [0007]    6. Encrypting the multimedia content improves the ability of the owner to protect the multimedia content from unauthorized access and use, provided that the imposition of key technology does not adversely affect the client&#39;s experience in purchasing a license to use the multimedia content. If the client is expected to pay to use or play multimedia content, it is important that the creation and exchange of keys be simple and reliable. Otherwise, the client may seek alternative multimedia content or alternative sources for the multimedia content of the owner.  
           [0008]    7. What is required is an inexpensive means for protecting the intellectual property rights of the owner of multimedia content with a minimal amount of additional intrusions or steps affecting the digital representation of the content.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0009]    8. It is the object of the present invention to use encryption component codes of any type to secure the intellectual property holder&#39;s rights when the multimedia content is delivered digitally over a network.  
           [0010]    9. Another object of the present invention is to use DES to encrypt multimedia content to be delivered digitally.  
           [0011]    10. Yet another object of the present invention is to use DES to secure financial transactions between the multimedia content provider and the client requesting digital delivery of the multimedia content.  
           [0012]    11. Still another object of the present invention is to provide anti-piracy measures within the multimedia content delivered digitally to a client.  
           [0013]    12. It is still another objective of the present invention to used selected portions of multimedia content to differentiate individual copies that are transmitted to a client.  
           [0014]    13. It is still another objective of the present invention to introduce errors into a recording of multimedia content to uniquely identify a particular recording thereby tracking that recording and any copies thereof.  
           [0015]    14. Another object of the present invention is to employ a private encryption key system in a symmetric manner to secure client data and to secure multimedia content from unauthorized use.  
           [0016]    15. A further object of the present invention is to limit playback of multimedia content by virtue of time and date codes used in the private key.  
           [0017]    16. These and other objectives of the present invention will become apparent from a review of the general and detailed descriptions that follow. In the present invention, the digital representation of multimedia content is encoded by the multimedia content provider using an encryption method that relies on a private key. In order for a client to use or play multimedia content, the multimedia content must be decrypted by the client using the same key used in the encryption process. Thus, the client and the multimedia content provider share the private key.  
           [0018]    17. In the present invention, the shared private key used to encrypt and decrypt the multimedia content is constructed from component codes that are available at the client&#39;s player. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, these component codes comprise a billing code, a time and date code, a computer or player specific code (which will be referred to as “computer specific code”) and a last cookie code, although the invention is not limited to such components. Each of the components codes used to construct the private key must be present at the client&#39;s player or the client cannot decrypt the multimedia content.  
           [0019]    18. The present invention also uses the component codes from the client&#39;s facilities to enforce the use license. A checking algorithm is incorporated in entitlement and control logic that is operated by a player. The time and date component code is used with the checking algorithm to enforce time limitations where the use license is for a term period by allowing the entitlement and control logic to determine if the term period of the use license has expired.  
           [0020]    19. Cookies are files stored on the client&#39;s player and are client specific. Cookies capture data about the client, transactions with the web server and the client&#39;s multimedia content player. In one embodiment of the present invention, the last cookie code component is used for both constructing the decryption key and for enforcing utilization restrictions. In particular, the number of plays or other conditions may be imbedded in the last cookie code component. As play occurs, the utilization count is decremented. As additional fees are collected or playtime is otherwise awarded a client, the utilization count is incremented. Once a count level is achieved, as determined by the entitlement and control logic, no further use of the program is permitted until further usage rights are purchased by the client.  
           [0021]    20. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the computer specific code is used to identify a particular player. For example, elements specific to a player may include serial number, random noise generated by components of the player, network address, media access control (MAC) address, ownership name, drive volume name and registry creation date. These elements are not meant as a limitation but are illustrative only. Using a computer specific code component, the decryption code can be restricted to execute only at a single play location.  
           [0022]    21. The billing code component is also used to enforce the terms of the license. Further, an account may be established and stored within the player and debited as the work is used. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0023]    [0023]FIG. 1 illustrates the components of the multimedia rental and distribution system.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 2 illustrates the establishment of a relationship between the client and media content provider.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 3 illustrates the components of the client&#39;s facility and the content provider&#39;s facility.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 4 illustrates the process for requesting multimedia content.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 5 illustrates the process at a client&#39;s facility for playing multimedia content received from the content provider. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0028]    22. Referring first to FIG. 1, the interconnectivity of the client&#39;s facility and the content provider&#39;s facility is illustrated. Located at a client&#39;s facility  10  is a player configured to play or use multimedia content  12  connected a network  20 , in this case the Internet. Also connected to the network is an intellectual property work distributor (“content provider”) server  32  at the content provider&#39;s facility  30 .  
         [0029]    23. By way of example and not as a limitation, a player may be a personal computer manufactured by IBM, Dell, or Compact, a personal data assistant, a “set-top box” used to obtain programming from a cable or satellite service provider, a “smart” television, or any device capable of connecting to a network and receiving and operating the entitlement and control logic. As would be apparent to one skilled in the art of the present invention, it is well within the state of the art to modify currently available devices (e.g., VCRs, MP3 players, CD players) to perform the functions of a player.  
         [0030]    24. Similarly, the network depicted in FIG. 1 is the Internet, but the invention is not so limited. The network may comprise a plurality of interconnected networks, wired and wireless. By way of illustration, the network could a cable-base network or a satellite-based network or an intranet supported by a hotel or apartment complex.  
         [0031]    25. The content provider&#39;s facility has a client database  34  as well as content database  36 . The client establishes an account with the content provider as a preliminary transaction. The client&#39;s account data is confirmed or established and updated in the client database  34 . A client&#39;s account data includes billing information and a payment means. In the preferred embodiment the payment means is a credit card. In another embodiment, payment is made through an ACH transfer. In still another embodiment, the client pays an amount into an account that is debited based on usage of multimedia content.  
         [0032]    26. The data held in client database  34  is encrypted using a shared private key so as to secure the client&#39;s information and privacy. The shared private key is constructed from component codes that comprise information retrieved from the client&#39;s player  12  and data filled in by the client. Based on this shared private key, client data is sent encoded and secure to the content provider&#39;s server  32 . In the preferred embodiment, the shared private key is a DES key, but this is not meant as a limitation. Updates to the client&#39;s record, including current activity, are made at the client database  34 .  
         [0033]    27. Before the client can obtain multimedia content from the content provider, the client must be known to the content provider. Referring to FIG. 2, the client contacts the content provider  50 . In the preferred embodiment, this initial contact is made over the network between the client&#39;s player  12  and the content provider&#39;s server  32  as illustrated in FIG. 1. However, other means may be used for this initial contact without exceeding the scope of the present invention. For example, the contact between the client and the content provider may be established by telephone, email, in writing, or other communications media. Once the initial contact is made, the content provider presents a service agreement  52  to the client for acceptance  54 . If the terms are not acceptable to the client, the contact is terminated  56 . If the client accepts the terms, the content provider requests client information  58 . In the preferred embodiment, client information comprises a billing code associated with a payment means selected by the client and a computer specific code that uniquely identifies the client&#39;s player. In the event the client does not know the computer specific code associated with the client&#39;s player, the content provider provides instructions to the client on how to determine the computer specific code. In another embodiment of the present invention, the content provider determines the computer specific code of the client&#39;s player remotely. The client then forwards the client information to the content provider  60  and content provider store the client information in the client database  62 .  
         [0034]    28. The content provider then sends to the client player software  64  comprising entitlement and control logic, an encryption/decryption engine, a first cookie, and means to check for compliance with the terms of the license associated with multimedia content downloaded from the content provider&#39;s server. The client installs and configures the player software and the initial session ends  66 .  
         [0035]    29. As would be apparent to one skilled in the art of the present invention, the steps of the initial session can be accomplished in a variety of ways. For example, the exchange of identity information and the delivery of the client player software may be conducted off-line. The player software may be integrated in the player or purchased at a software retailer. The player software may be distributed free to consumers by the content provider as a means of inviting consumers to use the services of the content provider. These and other variations means of implementing the initial session are considered within the scope of the present invention.  
         [0036]    30. With the player software installed and configured, the client is ready to make a request for multimedia content. Referring again to FIG. 1, the requested multimedia content is stored on the content provider&#39;s server database  36 . In one embodiment of the present invention, the media content is stored in an encoded, compressed form. One such compression/decompression protocol is MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group), which protocol applies to audio/visual works. A common derivative of MPEG for audio works is MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer  3 ). MP3 allows the download of quality audio from the Web very quickly. Works that are not audio/visual such as text may be compressed and decompressed by a number of commercially available programs such as WinZip™ and PKZip™. It will be clear to those skilled in the art of the present invention that other compression protocols can be used all of which are within the scope of the present invention. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the player software includes a decoder  118 . For each encoding scheme implemented by the content provider&#39;s facility, the client will have a decoder capable of decoding the multimedia content so as to render it playable by the client&#39;s player.  
         [0037]    31. Referring next to FIG. 3, the component codes of the shared private key at the content provider&#39;s facility and the component codes at the client&#39;s facility are illustrated. The multimedia content is encrypted with an encryption engine  202  using a unique private shared key associated with the client&#39;s player  12  and client data. As illustrated in FIG. 3, four elements are available to both the client&#39;s player and the content provider&#39;s server to construct the private shared key: billing code  110 ; time and date code  112 ; computer specific code  114 ; and last cookie code  116 . The computer specific code and the billing code were shared by the client and the service provider during the initial contact illustrated in FIG. 2. The last cookie code is the cookie delivered to the client&#39;s player with the most recent delivery of multimedia content. If the client has not previously requested any multimedia content, the last cookie code is the initial cookie included in the player software installed on the client&#39;s player. The time and date code is chosen by the client at the time that multimedia content is ordered. Thus, all four codes are known to the client and the content provider at the time an order is completed. As will be illustrated below, these four codes are used to create a shared private key that in turn is used to encrypt the media content prior to delivery to the client&#39;s player.  
         [0038]    32. Referring now to FIG. 4, the client requests multimedia content from the content provider  300 . The content provider requests login information from the client  305  and the client responds. The content provider checks the information provided by the client  310  and determines if the content provider knows the client. If not, the content provider again requests login information from the client. In the preferred embodiment, this loop is limited by a login attempt counter that allows the client a pre-determined number of attempts before the content provider sends additional instructions to the client.  
         [0039]    33. Upon successful login by the client, the content provider requests the last cookie code from the client  315 . In the preferred embodiment, the last cookie code is used to authenticate the client and to create a shared key. The client provides the content provider the last cookie code  320  and the content provider requests the client to order media content  325 . As would be apparent to one skilled in the art of the present invention, the request to order media content can take many forms without exceeding the scope of the present invention. For example, and not as a limitation, in one embodiment of the present invention, the content provider provides the client with a menu of media content. In another embodiment, the client is instructed to search the content provider&#39;s media database for content of a specific title.  
         [0040]    34. The client selects media content for download  330  and reviews the license terms associated with that selection  335 . If the terms of the license are not acceptable, the client is requested to select again. If the terms are acceptable, the client orders the media content and sends the content provider a time and date code  340 . The time and date code establish a point in time that is used to determine the expiration of a time-based license. The time and date code is associated with each selection of media content downloaded by the client at a particular ordering session and is stored in the client database.  
         [0041]    35. The content provider creates a shared private key from the four component codes known to both the content provider and the client  345 . As previously discussed, at time the order is made, the client possesses the computer specific code, the last cookie code, the billing code and the time and date code. During the initial session, the content provider received the billing code and the computer specific code from the client. The content provider knows the last cookie code. Upon receipt of the time and date code from the client, the content provider is in possession of all four of the component codes. From these component codes, a private key is “shared” by the client and by the content provider without actually exchanging the private key.  
         [0042]    36. The content provider encrypts the media content using the shared private key, creates a new cookie, and sends the cookie and the encrypted media content to the client  350 . In another embodiment of the present invention, the client is offered the option of having the media content delivered a later date or a specific time. If delivery is for a future time, the order data is stored in the client database. When delivery time arrives, the content provider&#39;s server checks for a link with the specific client&#39;s facility. If a link is not in place, notice is sent to the client to start a link.  
         [0043]    37. The client receives the media content, associates it with the time and date code provided to the content provider during the ordering session, and stores the media content, date code, the new cookie  355 . At this point, the client is ready to play the media content.  
         [0044]    38. Referring to FIG. 5, the playing of the media content is illustrated. When the client elects to play the media content  400 , the player software creates the client&#39;s copy of the shared private key  405  from the same four component codes used by the content provider to create the key. The client then decrypts the media content using the shared private key  410  and the player software checks to determine in the client is in compliance with the license terms  415 .  
         [0045]    39. As noted previously, the player software includes a a checking algorithm incorporated in entitlement and control logic. In another embodiment, the specific checking algorithm for a particular title of media content is appended to the multimedia content and installed on the player as a plug-in for use by the client software. The checking algorithm utilizes the individual component codes to enforce specific license restrictions imposed on the playing of the multimedia content (time of use, number of plays) and on the player on which the multimedia content is played (where illicit copies of the multimedia content are non-playable on other than the designated player). If the checking algorithm determines that the client is not in compliance with the license terms, a message is displayed to the client  420 . For example, a client who has pre-paid for usage of media content may not have sufficient funds to play the media content. In this case, the message directs the client to replenish his or her account. If the checking algorithm determines that the copy of the media content has been pirated, the message takes the form of a warning relating to the unauthorized use of the media content.  
         [0046]    40. The time and date code  112  component of the private key code identifies the time and date the order for the multimedia content was made. One embodiment uses the last cookie code  116  in conjunction with the time and date code  112  component. Information may include time and date of the multimedia content download, terms of the use license and unique device data such as Internet address. The use license time limitation data can be found in the cookie and is used, in conjunction with the time and date code and the entitlement and control logic, to restrict playing of the multimedia content to the contractual time period.  
         [0047]    41. The cookie code can also be used to check the user id and Internet protocol (IP) address to confirm that the multimedia content is being played on the device that is licensed to play the multimedia content. These data are readily available in the last cookie data returned to the content provider during the ordering process.  
         [0048]    42. A pay per play license may be controlled through the billing code  110  component of the private key. The billing code  110  contains information about a payment method. In the preferred embodiment, the payment method is a credit card, but the invention is not so limited. In another embodiment, the payment method is an ACH transfer from a bank account. In yet another embodiment, a pre-paid account is established containing a credit amount with the billing code. An alternative embodiment establishes a pre-paid account in the cookie file. Before the multimedia content is decrypted, the credit account is checked using the entitlement and control logic to confirm there is sufficient reserve to pay the license fee associated with the multimedia content. The license fee is subtracted from the credit amount in accordance with the payment scheme of the license. By way of illustration, where the license fee is time based, the credit amount is decremented for each time unit the multimedia content is played. Where the license fee is used based, the credit amount is decremented each time the multimedia content is played.  
         [0049]    43. If the client is in compliance with the terms of the license, the media content is played on the client&#39;s player  425  and time and/or the completion of a play cycle is recorded  435 . The client is asked if a replay is desired  440 . If replay is desired, checking algorithm again determines if the client is in compliance with the license terms  415 . If replay is not desired, the client is asked if he or she want to play another selection of media content  445 . If another selection is desired, the process begins again  400 . If not, play is ended at  450 .  
         [0050]    44. In another embodiment of the present invention, the anti-piracy aspects of the present invention are enhanced by introducing additional data elements into the multimedia content. By introducing the additional data elements into selected bytes or tracks of the multimedia content, the error correction schemes associated with playback of multimedia content will preclude the additional data elements from affecting the play of the multimedia content. By associating a particular set of additional data elements with the multimedia content distributed to a particular client, the additional data elements can be used as a “fingerprint” to identify the source of pirated copies of the multimedia content.  
         [0051]    45. A system and method for multimedia content rental and distribution system that protects the intellectual property rights of the holder using unique data from the player has now been illustrated. It is important to note that while a particular utilization of the specific DES private key component codes were described in the preferred embodiment, this is not meant as a limitation. For example decryption may be done with other combinations of the private key component codes or other elements associated with the player. There may be different component codes, not described here, used to develop the private key. Other encryption algorithms also exist now such as RC2, RC4, Blowfish and a host of others both existing now and in the future that will satisfy the requirements for encrypting and decrypting the multi media content. The present invention would be equally effective with any subset of component codes comprising the encryption-decryption private key. Further, while multimedia content is discussed, this is also not meant as a limitation. For example, single media such as audio alone, video alone, non-moving text and graphics are also deemed to be within the scope of the invention as disclosed. When the present invention is used with such material, enhanced protection can be obtained for musical recordings, reports, graphics and artwork as well. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations of using unique or restricted data at the player can be employed without departing from the scope of the invention as disclosed.