Abstract:
A monitoring system, such as used to monitor the presence and/or concentration of gases or other such fluids, includes a housing through which fluid is permitted to pass and which includes a heater element. The housing includes one or more vent hole/vent plug combinations and fluid, including gas and/or liquid, passes through the vent hole/vent plug combinations to flow into, through and/or out of the housing. A heater element is located in the housing and maintains the housing interior above the dew point to facilitate proper operation of the sensor element. The heater element, in conjunction with the vent hole/vent plug combinations, facilitates a heated-air plume through the housing to avoid the build up of moisture therein and to expose the sensor element to a steady stream of ambient atmosphere for monitoring the gas concentrations in same.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In many industries and situations, it is necessary to sample the atmosphere in a defined area. The sampling is used to monitor environmental conditions and can be conducted periodically or continuously. 
     One common application of such monitoring is to sample the atmosphere for levels of certain gases. Leak detection is a prime example. Leak detection is often used in refrigeration systems, air conditioning systems, systems where carbon monoxide or other harmful gases may be present, and the like. The chemical industry and the food storage industry are examples of industries that use such monitoring systems. Gases that are often monitored include NH 3 , CO 2 , H 2 , Cl 2 , CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, CH 4 , O 2  and the like. Upon sensing a predetermined condition, such monitoring systems generate signals indicating gas concentrations above prescribed limits. The typical system responses include triggering alarms, summoning help and controlling (e.g., shutting down) equipment, etc. 
     Various sensor technologies measure selected PPM (parts per million) setpoints from OSHA&#39;s Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) and the Threshold Value Limit/Short-Term Exposure Limit (TVL-STEL) up to the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) range and indicate concentration levels with bargraph displays. Field-adjustable setpoints allow an operator to set or adjust warning and alarm trip levels at a main control panel. 
     One specific gas monitoring system manufactured and sold by Manning Systems, Inc. of Lenexa, Kans., identified by the name GM-10, includes three types of visual status indications for each of a plurality of channels. A warning LED indicates that the operator-selected warning setpoint has been exceeded, and the system includes elements to trigger a common warning relay and an individual warning relay for that channel on an optional relay board. The alarm LED operates in a similar manner for the alarm level, but also triggers a common horn relay and a buzzer relay which can be cleared manually. A fault on any channel triggers a common fault and horn relays and the buzzer. When any channel goes into a specified trip condition by sensing element levels beyond a setpoint, common relays for Warning, Alarm, Fault and/or auxiliary Horn are activated. An optional plug-in communication port for Ethernet or MOD-BUS connection provides remote monitoring of the system status/alarm functions. The GM-10 monitor uses diffusion for gas detection and provides continuous monitoring of a wide range of areas. Several areas can be monitored simultaneously. The GM-10 monitor can interface to, but can operate independently of, plant control systems. 
     Manning Systems, Inc. also manufactures and sells a sensor under the name EC which comprises a pair of polarized electrodes isolated from ambient air by a gas permeable membrane. As gas diffuses into a sensor, a redox reaction occurs generating a current linearly proportional to gas concentration. Readouts of the model EC have built-in visual and audible alarms, as well as relay output for ventilation fan activation, central alarm tie-in and the like. In addition, the EC model can provide direct input into PLCs and computer control systems. 
     As used herein, the term “fluid” includes gas as well as liquid. 
     Many sensors used in monitoring systems are sensitive to temperature, humidity, contamination or other such environmental conditions. If the environmental conditions are not within a certain specified range, the readings of the sensors associated with the monitoring system can be slow or suspect. Extreme environmental conditions can also deteriorate sensor performance and ultimately contribute to the sensor failure. 
     Therefore, there is a need for a monitoring system which can maintain the environment around a sensor within a specified range. 
     For example, if a monitoring system is used in a refrigeration system, conditions adjacent to the sensor may create a humidity condition that is out of the specified range for accurate and reliable operation of the monitoring system. Furthermore, a cycle of freezing and warming may degrade certain elements of the monitoring system, especially when combined with a high humidity environment. Condenser coils in refrigerated facilities also tend to contribute to high moisture levels. For example, when the coils are defrosted significant amounts of moisture are obtained therefrom, which often refreezes and coats the walls, ceilings, etc. of large, commercial freezers. Such ice coatings can significantly compromise the performance of prior art sensors, particularly those with externally-mounted sensor elements which are susceptible to ice coating because they are exposed. Gas sensing problems are also encountered when the temperature around the sensor element is at or near the dew point, whereby reliable readings are difficult to obtain. 
     Therefore, there is a need for a monitoring system that can ensure that the humidity and temperature in the vicinity of humidity and/or temperature sensitive instruments of the monitoring system are maintained within specified ranges. 
     Still further, some monitoring systems may be located in areas that are periodically washed, as by applying high pressure washing fluid to the area. The washing fluid from the washing process may lodge on or near the sensor or other equipment of the monitoring system and can create an undesirable condition which may adversely affect the readings of the system. 
     Therefore, it is desirable to efficiently remove any fluid used to clean a monitored area from the environment adjacent to a sensor and its associated equipment of a monitoring system. 
     Therefore, there is a need for a monitoring system from which fluid may be efficiently removed. 
     Previous monitoring systems included fluid-tight sealed housings or enclosures. These were intended to protect certain sensor components, such as the electronics, microprocessors, etc. from the adverse effects of exposure to harsh ambient conditions within the extreme environments being monitored. Monitoring was accomplished by mounting the sensor element externally. The enclosure structures for housing the electronics and other protected components were typically impervious materials such as metal or plastic, with fluid-tight seals and/or gaskets providing the necessary sealing for covers and access panels. Standards promulgated by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) provided ratings for different levels of airtight security, with NEMA Class 4 being the highest. NEMA Class 4 enclosures were often specified for extreme environments. However, this configuration of enclosures has several disadvantages. For example, even the tightest enclosure is susceptible to trace amounts of air infiltration, whereby moisture and other degrading elements can accumulate in the housing interiors. Moreover, the seals and gaskets are subject to deterioration over time, thus further compromising the operation of the sensors and contributing to false readings, etc. Still further, the externally-mounted sensor elements are susceptible to moisture-related degradation with corresponding performance degradation. 
     Therefore, there is a need for a monitoring system in which proper environmental conditions adjacent to the sensor and other equipment can be maintained without being subject to or vitiated by improper sealing or closure of a housing of the monitoring system. Preferably NEMA Class 1 enclosures can be utilized for cost effectiveness. 
     Furthermore, temperature and humidity conditions may cause condensation to form in the monitoring system, even in an air-tight housing. Such condensation may create problems for the sensor or its associated elements or the readings of the monitoring system. Accumulated condensation can turn to ice or frost in certain conditions. Ice or frost may adversely affect the operation and/or reliability of the monitoring system, including the sensor and its related circuitry. At best, the elements of the monitoring system will have to be designed to account for the presence of ice and/or frost, which may either inhibit versatility of the system or make it more expensive to purchase, install and maintain. 
     Therefore, there is a need for a monitoring system that can control the humidity near humidity-sensitive elements and that can control the formation of ice and/or frost therein. 
     Previous sensor systems include 110 volt AC circuits for which conduits were run to the sensor enclosures. However, connecting such conduits to the sensor enclosures presented potential problems associated with moisture infiltration. For example, the conduits themselves can be infiltrated with moisture, which in some installations (particularly with top-entry conduits) can trickle down into the enclosures, causing damage to the electronics therein. Moreover, 110 volt AC systems tended to be susceptible to power interruptions, which in many cases rendered the systems inoperable. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for a monitoring system which operates on low voltage, direct current electrical power, which does not require large electrical conduits (particularly top-mounted conduits), and which can be maintained in continuous operation with battery backup in the event of a power outage. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The above-discussed disadvantages and drawbacks are overcome by a monitoring system that maintains desired environmental conditions adjacent to a sensor and any elements associated therewith by maintaining temperature in those locations within a desired range and permitting the atmosphere surrounding the monitor to circulate past the sensor and/or its related equipment as well as into, through and out of a housing for the sensor and its related components. 
     In this manner, desired environmental conditions can be efficiently and precisely maintained in areas where such conditions are important to proper functioning of the monitoring system. 
     Specifically, the monitoring system of the present invention includes a housing for a sensor and the circuitry related to the monitoring functions of the system. The housing includes a heater which may have a thermostat control associated therewith. The heater is located in a position to effectively maintain selected components, such as the sensor and its related electronic components, at a temperature within a desired range, and the thermostat is located to accurately control the heater to fulfill that function. The monitoring system of the present invention further permits fluid, including atmospheric air as well as liquids, to flow into, through and out of the housing. Atmospheric circulation through the housing is accounted for and thus the housing need not be sealed. 
     The combination of a temperature-controlled housing interior, minimal liquid ingression and controlled flowing atmosphere through the housing permits the monitoring system of the present invention to be used in a variety of situations without being degraded or having the performance thereof degraded due to undesired environmental effects. 
     For example, humidity, temperature and the like are properly controlled in the monitoring system of the present invention and ranges kept within acceptable limits, even in a cycling situation whereby monitoring system performance is consistent and reliable. Any fluid applied to the monitoring system during an area cleaning process will readily exit the monitoring system and the system is formed of materials that can readily dry under the influence of fluid, such as air, flowing through the housing of the monitoring system. System performance is not dependent on seals, gaskets, membranes or the like. Still further, the circulation through the monitoring system housing will remove contaminants from the housing when desired. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the general art of housings and containers, and to the particular field of housings for electrical devices. 
     OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION 
     It is a main object of the present invention to provide a monitoring system that can maintain conditions around selected components within specified ranges. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a monitoring system in which temperature conditions near temperature-sensitive components can be maintained within desired ranges. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a monitoring system from which fluid can readily be drained. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a monitoring system in which desired conditions adjacent to selected components can be maintained without being subject to or vitiated by improper sealing or closure of a housing used in the monitoring system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a monitoring system in which humidity conditions near humidity-sensitive components can be maintained within desired ranges. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a monitoring system in which the dew point near dew point-sensitive components can be maintained within desired ranges. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a housing that can be used in connection with Model GM-10 and/or Model EC from Manning Systems, Inc. monitoring equipment in a monitoring system. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a housing which encloses the sensor element and associated circuitry for protection against direct contact with water, dust and other detrimental elements while simultaneously providing a plume of ambient atmosphere upwardly through the enclosure. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a housing that maintains a positive temperature differential between internal and external air whereby air encountering the sensor element can be maintained above the dew point to avoid saturation of the sensor element and the associated sensor circuitry. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a gas sensor and an environmentally-controlled housing therefor which can be mounted in various installations, including refrigerated facilities, rooftops, exterior areas, etc. 
     Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention. 
     The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is an upper, left side perspective view of the sensor housing embodying the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a lower, right side perspective view of the sensor housing. 
     FIG. 3 is a front view of a sensor housing. 
     FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the sensor housing. 
     FIG. 5 is a right side elevational view of the sensor housing with a portion broken away showing the left side vent hole/vent plug combination included in the monitoring system of the present invention. 
     FIG. 6 is an enlarged, fragmentary, cross-sectional view of the vent hole/vent plug combination. 
     FIG. 7 shows an outer portion of a vent plug included in the monitoring system of the present invention. 
     FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the vent plug outer portion shown in FIG.  7 . 
     FIG. 9 shows an inner portion of the vent plug included in the monitoring system of the present invention. 
     FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of the vent plug inner portion shown in FIG.  9 . 
     FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a sensor embodying the present invention, particularly showing the general layout of a circuit board thereof. 
     FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a heater resistor circuit with a warm, low or high heat resistor. 
     FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a heater resistor circuit with two low heat resistors and a thermostat. 
     FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a heater resistor circuit with a high heat resistor and a thermostat. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure. 
     The monitoring system embodying the teaching of the present invention maintains desired conditions in the vicinity of a condition monitoring sensor and components related thereto by maintaining temperature within a desired range and permitting fluid circulation past the sensor and the related components. Fluid circulation provides an efficient mechanism for removing contaminants or other undesired elements from the vicinity of the sensor and/or the components associated therewith. By permitting ambient atmosphere circulation into, through and out of the housing, precise and reliable readings can be obtained using the monitoring system of the present invention. The several elements discussed hereinbelow can be used with any monitoring system, including the aforementioned model GM-10 and model EC systems. 
     The monitoring system of the present invention preferably includes a housing  30  to contain circuit  10 . A housing  30  used in the monitoring system of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1-5. Referring to FIGS. 1-5, it can be seen that housing  30  includes a top  32 , a bottom  34 , sides  36  and  38 , a front  40  and a rear  42 . Front  40  is open and is covered by a door  44  that is hingeably mounted on the housing to open and cover front  40  and which is mounted in a closed condition by a lock system which includes an element  45  or the like mounted on side  36  of housing  30 . A hinge  46  fixes door  44  to side  38  of housing  30 . Housing  30  has an inside surface  50  (best shown in FIG. 6) on which circuit  10  is mounted, preferably on the rear  42  for easy access via open front  40 . Insulation  52  can be placed on the inside surface  50  if necessary. 
     Housing  30  is formed of materials that are suitable for use in the selected environment, and can be formed of steel or other such material that satisfy applicable codes and standards. One preferred material is 16 gauge metal such as painted or stainless steel; however, other materials can be selected as necessary and suitable. In some instances, explosion-proof features can be included for housing  30 . NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) Class 1 construction is generally satisfactory for the housing  3  due to its flow-through, heater-induced plume feature. However, housings enclosures for the sensor  12  can be constructed to other NEMA criteria where applicable. 
     While sensor  12  has been shown inside housing  30 , it is noted that the sensor, or one or more of the sensors  12 ′ can be positioned outside housing  30  without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Placement of the sensor outside the housing affects the response and operation of the sensor. Furthermore, the thermostat can exercise control of the heater element at various levels. That is, when the temperature adjacent to the heated area reaches a first level, the heater is activated to a level corresponding to the first temperature level, if the temperature moves to a second level, the heater element is activated according to that second level, and so forth. This is particularly true if the temperature controlled element, such as the sensor, is located outside housing  30 . 
     The monitoring system of the present invention permits fluid to circulate into, through and out of housing  30  to co-operate with the heater element or heater elements to maintain the environment in the vicinity of circuit  10  and/or sensor  12  in a desired range or ranges. To this end, in addition to a cable hole CH, housing  30  includes at least one vent hole VH defined through housing  20 . Fluid can flow through vent hole VH. In order to control movement of fluid through the vent hole, a vent plug  70  is attached to housing  30  adjacent to vent hole VH. In general, the vent plug  70  includes an outer portion  72  mounted on housing  30  and an inner portion  82  attached to the outer portion  72  of the vent plug  70  and spaced from the outer portion of the vent plug  70  when the vent plug  70  is mounted on housing  30 . The inner portion  82  of the vent plug is spaced from housing  30  when the vent plug is mounted on housing  30  to define a gap  118  between the inner portion  82  of the vent plug and housing  30  (FIG.  6 ). Ambient atmosphere flows through the gap  118 . Such circulation can be used to keep the elements dry and free of condensation as discussed above. This circulation can be controlled and will be discussed in greater detail below. 
     Referring to FIGS. 1-5, housing  30  is shown to include vent hole/vent plug combinations  60 ,  62 , and  66  in side  36 , bottom  34 , and side  38  respectively. While these particular vent hole/vent plug combinations are preferred, other locations can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. More or fewer than four vent hole/vent plug combinations can also be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 
     Referring to FIGS. 6-10, preferred form of the vent plug  70  embodying the present invention is shown. Vent plug  70  comprises an outer portion  72  (best shown in FIGS. 7 and 8) which has an outer perimeter  74  which is circular in the preferred form of the invention, but could be other shapes if suitable, an annular neck  76  spaced radially inwardly from outer perimeter  74  of the preferred form of vent plug  70 , a plurality of holes or vent openings, such as hole  78  defined through outer portion  72 , and a bore  80  defined through outer portion  72  near the center thereof in the preferred form of the vent plug. As shown in FIG. 7, holes  78  are evenly distributed and evenly spaced apart on outer portion  72 . In the preferred form of the vent plug, holes  78  are spaced apart by a center-to-center arc spacing of 60° so there are six holes  78  included in outer portion  72 . The reason for such arcuate spacing between holes  78  will be understood from the following discussion. Annular neck  76  is sized between a rim  79  and the inner surface of outer perimeter  74  to be essentially equal in size to the thickness of housing  30  and is diametrically sized to snugly engage the housing  30  adjacent to the vent hole VH to establish a friction fit between outer portion  72  and the housing  30  that securely mounts outer portion  72  on housing  30 . A lip  80  between neck  76  and outer perimeter  74  abuts the outer surface of housing  30  adjacent to vent hole VH when the vent plug is in place on the housing to further ensure proper seating of the vent plug  70  on the housing  30 . 
     Vent plug  70  further includes an inner portion  82  (best shown in FIGS. 9 and 10) which includes an outer perimeter  84  which has essentially the same dimensions as outer perimeter  74  of the outer portion  72 . As mentioned above, the preferred form of the vent plug  70  being discussed has a circular outer perimeter; however, other shapes can be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Vent plug inner portion  82  further includes a spacing element  86  on inner portion  82  near outer perimeter  84  and a bore  88  defined through inner portion  82  and located centrally thereof to be aligned with bore  80  defined through outer portion  72  when vent plug  70  is assembled. When the vent plug  70  is assembled with spacing element  86  on inner portion  82  abutting outer portion  72  to space inner portion  82  from outer portion  72 , a gap  118  (best shown in FIG. 6) is defined between inner portion  82  and outer portion  72  whereby fluid can flow through the gap  118  and through holes  78  defined through outer portion  72 . 
     The preferred form of the vent plug  70  further includes a boss  94  located on inner portion  82  and surrounding bore  88 . A fastener  90  includes annular, beveled rings designed for one-way insertion through the bores  80 ,  88  and for resisting pull-out therefrom. Boss  94  is sized to abut outer portion  72  when spacing element  86  abuts outer portion  72  to securely seat the inner and outer portions against each other when the fastener is engaged with the aforediscussed threaded bores. That is, in the preferred form of the vent plug, top rim  100  of spacing element  86  and top rim  102  of boss  94  are coplanar with each other. 
     One form of the vent plug includes a tab  104  located on the inner portion  82  adjacent to spacer element  86 . The tab  104  is located in a prescribed position relative to other elements of the vent plug and thus can be used to orient the vent plug in place on housing  30 . For example, in one form of the invention, tab  104  is oriented at a twelve o&#39;clock position (i.e. top dead center) for a vent plug  70  positioned in a side of the housing  30 . 
     Still referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, it is seen that inner portion  82  further includes a trough  110  mounted thereon adjacent to outer perimeter  84  of inner portion  82 . Trough  110  extends along the outer perimeter, and in the preferred form of the vent plug, is arcuate. Trough  110  extends for approximately 120 degrees along outer perimeter  84  and includes two ends  112  and  114  that extend inward of inner portion  82  on secants with respect to centrally-located bore  88 . 
     As can be understood from this disclosure, since holes  78  are spaced apart by sixty arc degrees, and trough  110  extends for sixty arc degrees, at least one hole  78  will always be located adjacent to trough  110 . This relative positioning of holes and trough to orient at least one hole  78  adjacent to trough  110  permits efficient drying of housing  30  by locating any fluid that may be collected in the trough close to a hole through which vapor associated with the collected fluid can flow thereby drying the inside of housing  30  via evaporation. The temperature inside housing  30  can be controlled to encourage or even speed up this evaporation by use of heating element  20 . 
     It is noted that control of the internal housing environment as well as the direction and volume of fluid flow through the housing can be exercised by controlling the size of the gaps  118  in each vent hole/vent plug combination as well as the number, relative placement and spacing of the vent hole/vent plug combinations. Preferably, the vent plugs  70  are formed of a plastics-type material which is amenable for use in the environment of interest. 
     Referring to FIG. 6, operation of the vent hole VH/vent plug  70  combination of the present invention is illustrated. Fluid, such as gas G or liquid L, or a combination C thereof, flows into, through and/or out of housing  30  via the vent hole VH/vent plug  70  combinations and gaps. The arrows are designated L/G/C to indicate the various combinations of fluid states that can be accommodated by housing  30  (FIG.  6 ). As discussed above, permitting fluid to flow into, through and/or out of housing  30  and accounting for such fluid flow permits the monitoring system of the present invention to maintain environmental conditions inside housing  30  within desired ranges. When such fluid flow feature is combined with housing temperature control associated with heater element  20 , sensor readings can be very reliable. 
     Referring to FIG. 11, the basic circuitry used in the monitoring system of the present invention is shown as circuit  10 . Circuit  10  includes a sensor  12  suitably connected to the remainder of the circuit. The circuitry associated with sensor  12  is safe, highly specific to the monitored fluid, exhibits rapid response time, has a long life, and can be modular for ease of installation. The abovementioned model GM-10 also includes circuit elements which permit that monitoring system to monitor a plurality of zones and to be combined with other monitoring systems for further versatility, has setpoints that are easy to adjust, has system diagnostic features, is connectable to Ethernet networks, has various displays, including bargraph displays, has LEDs for system and relay status identification, has time delayed relays, has user-selectable latching or non-latching alarms, has calibration by-pass mode, has built-in fault circuitry and can conform to all and any standards required. It is noted that other than the elements specifically discussed herein, the basic circuit elements included in circuit  10  are known to those skilled in the art based on the teaching of this disclosure and thus will not be discussed in detail. However, for the purposes of the present disclosure, it is noted that readings from sensor  12  are suitably conditioned and transformed into signals that can be forwarded via electrical connectors, such as electrical connectors  14 , to the remaining portions and elements of circuit  10  and from there to suitable monitoring, control and/or alarm systems which can include computers, communication systems and the like via landlines or via over-the-air communications systems as suitable. As shown in FIG. 11, suitable test circuits are also included in circuit  10  and include test buttons  16   −  and  16   + , as well as suitable microprocessors, resistors, and the like. 
     As discussed above, sensors used to monitor fluids such as gas and the like can be sensitive to temperature of the environment surrounding the sensor and/or the elements associated therewith. If the temperature is out of a specified range, sensor readings may be slow or even inaccurate, unreliable, imprecise and/or non-repeatable. At the very least the readings may be suspect. Accordingly, the monitoring system of the present invention includes a heater element  20  which is spaced from sensor  12  so as not to damage that sensor by unduly exposing it to heat or heat/cool cycles. Heater element  20  can include a heat generating resistor and is electrically connected to a source of power (not shown) and to a thermostat  22 . Thermostat  22  is an off-the-shelf element and thus will not be further discussed. Thermostat  22  is located near sensor  12  to maintain temperature adjacent to sensor  12  to be within a desired range. However, thermostat  22  can be located anywhere on or near circuit  10  to provide temperature control of any or all of the elements in circuit  10 , not just sensor  12 , to remain within a desired temperature range. Circuit  10  can be mounted on a board that controls the transfer of heat to the interior of a housing and to the circuit. The desired temperature range keeps the sensor and its associated elements as dry as desired and keeps the atmospheric conditions in the vicinity of circuit  10  and/or sensor  12  within the desired range and also keeps the humidity in that area within a desired range. Any state condition that is related to temperature can be controlled using heater element  20 . 
     The thermostat can be set according to the use being made of the monitoring system. Thus, thermostat  22  can be set to one range if sensor  12  will be exposed to an ammonia environment, another range if sensor  12  is used in a refrigerated environment, an indoor environment, an outdoor environment, a dusty environment, and the like. Those skilled in the art will understand what ranges are appropriate based on the teaching of the present disclosure. Heater element  20  can also be selected for the desired ranges, which can be 100 F.° or more in certain situations. Heater element  20  is also located to keep it as dry and clean as possible while still carrying out its intended function in order to keep it efficiently functioning as will be understood by those skilled in the art. It is also noted that the overall design of the monitoring system of the present invention contributes to this requirement as well as will be understood from the present disclosure. 
     While only one sensor is shown in FIG. 11, it is understood that the monitoring system of the present invention can include a plurality of sensors as indicated by sensors such as sensors  12 ′ in FIG.  11 . Each sensor can be element specific to provide an overall versatility to the overall monitoring system. Furthermore, additional heater elements, such as heater elements  20 ′ can be included as well as additional thermostats, such as thermostats  22 ′, to increase accuracy and/or versatility of the monitoring system. Heater elements, thermostats and sensors can be located in any suitable arrangement or relative positions to efficiently and accurately carry out the monitoring function of the system. Thus, for example, some elements can be spaced apart from each other, while other elements are stacked on each other and yet other elements are located immediately adjacent to each other. Some elements can be oriented parallel to adjacent elements while others are located at an angle with respect to adjacent elements. In this manner, a range of monitored elements, ranges, conditions and combinations can be accommodated by the monitoring system of the present invention. Heater elements can be paired with thermostats and pairs located near specific circuit elements, including sensors, as necessary to establish desired conditions, both overall and at specific locations. 
     In certain situations, the environment adjacent to circuit  10  is at a pressure and temperature corresponding to the dew point of one or more gases in the environment being monitored. In such situations, the sensor or other circuit elements may have liquid on them which may affect sensor readings. For the present purposes, concentration is a measure of the mass of a particular element present in a mixture and temperature does not affect certain gas concentrations for the purposes of this disclosure. Therefore, if the monitoring system is being used to monitor gas concentration, the temperature of a sensor can be changed without changing the gas concentration readings of the monitoring system. However, raising the temperature around the sensor circuitry may avoid undesired condensation of liquid on the sensor or other circuit elements and raising the temperature adjacent to the circuit  10  or adjacent to sensor  12  may prevent undesired condensation on those elements. In some cases, condensation on a sensor may chemically react with the sensor and create an adverse effect on the sensor readings and/or on the sensor itself, as by corrosion. Therefore, accurate readings of concentrations can be taken using the sensor by using a heater element to keep the temperature of the sensor and/or its related elements in a desired range while also protecting the sensor and its related elements from undesired conditions, such as degradation, chemical reactions or the like that may occur between a liquid and a circuit element or between liquids in a mixture of liquids and the monitoring system elements. 
     It is to be understood that while certain forms of the present invention have been illustrated and described herein, it is not to be limited to the specific forms or arrangement of parts described and shown.