Abstract:
A new and distinct cultivar of  Corylus  plant named ‘Red Dragon,’ characterized by its outwardly spreading plant habit, twisting stems, rich dark burgundy-colored leaves, burgundy color of the catkins and leaf buds, and resistance to eastern filbert blight caused by the fungus  Anisogramma anomala  (Peck) E. Muller.

Description:
This invention was made with government support under Specific Cooperative Agreement No. 58-5358-4542 awarded by the United States Department of Agriculture. The government has certain rights in the invention. 

   Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed:  Corylus avellana.    
   Variety denomination: ‘Red Dragon’. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of  Corylus  plant (hazelnut, filbert), botanically known as  Corylus avellana,  and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘Red Dragon’. 
   The new  Corylus  resulted from a controlled cross of female parent OSU 487.055 and male parent OSU 367.039 made in 1997 by Shawn A. Mehlenbacher and David C. Smith. Neither parent was protected by a plant patent. Hybrid seeds from the cross were harvested in August 1997, stratified, and seedlings grown in the greenhouse during the summer of 1998. From this cross, 42 seedlings with contorted growth habit were planted in the field in October 1998. ‘Red Dragon’ was discovered and selected by the inventors as a single plant within the progeny of the stated cross-pollination in a controlled environment in Corvallis, Oreg., USA. It was originally assigned the designation OSU 897.078, which indicates the row and tree location of the original seedling. 
   The female parent OSU 487.055 is from a cross of ‘Contorta’×VR 6-28 (which is a cross of ‘Riccia di Talanico’×‘Gasaway’), and the male parent OSU 367.039 is a red-leaf selection from open-pollination of ‘Contorta.’ The presumed pollen parent of OSU 367.039 is the red leaf cultivar ‘Rode Zeller’ (syn. ‘Rote Zellernuss’), which has a dominant allele at the leaf anthocyanin locus. A tree of ‘Rode Zeller’ was near the ‘Contorta’ tree from which open-pollinated nuts were collected. ‘Red Dragon’ and OSU 487.055 carry in heterozygous state a dominant allele for complete resistance to eastern filbert blight (EFB) from ‘Gasaway.’ Contorted growth habit is conferred by a recessive allele from ‘Contorta’ (syn.  Corylus avellana  var.  contorta ). 
   The new cultivar was asexually reproduced by rooted suckers (tie-off layerage of the suckers) annually for three years (2003–2005) in Corvallis, Oreg. and harvested in late November to early January. The layers of ‘Red Dragon’ were moderately vigorous, and rooted with a higher frequency and produced more roots than most other contorted selections. Asexual reproduction was also performed by whip grafting in Corvallis, Oreg. in late spring 2004. ‘Red Dragon’ has been grafted on each of four rootstocks, namely: ‘Barcelona,’ ‘Mortarella,’ ‘Dundee,’ and ‘Newberg.’ ‘Red Dragon’ is also suitable for propagation by micropropagation. The unique features of this new  Corylus  are stable and reproduced true-to-type in successive generations of asexual reproduction. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The following traits have been observed and are determined to be the unique characteristics of ‘Red Dragon.’ These characteristics in combination distinguish ‘Red Dragon’ as a new and distinct cultivar:
         1. Outwardly spreading plant habit.   2. Twisting stems.   3. Rich dark burgundy-colored developing leaves and rich dark burgundy-colored fully expanded leaves during the spring and summer.   4. Burgundy color of the catkins and leaf buds.   5. Resistance to eastern filbert blight caused by the fungus  Anisogramma anomala  (Peck) E. Muller.   6. Presence of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers 152-800 and 268-580 in DNA of ‘Red Dragon’ amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These two markers are linked to a dominant allele for resistance to eastern filbert blight from the cultivar ‘Gasaway,’ not patented.   7. Expression of incompatibility alleles S 6  and S 26  in the styles.   8. DNA fingerprints at 20 of 28 microsatellite marker loci differ from two plants of ‘Red Majestic’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 16,048).       

   In side-by-side comparisons conducted in Corvallis, Oreg., plants of the new  Corylus  differed from plants of the  Corylus avellena  cultivar ‘Contorta,’ not patented, and other cultivars and selections of  Corylus avellena  known to the inventors primarily in leaf coloration and plant size as plants of the cultivar ‘Contorta’ and other cultivars and selections of  Corylus avellana  had green-colored leaves and were larger than plants of the new  Corylus.  ‘Red Dragon’ leaves retain their dark red color better than ‘Red Majestic’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 16,048). The DNA fingerprint of ‘Red Dragon’ differs from that of two plants of ‘Red Majestic.’ Furthermore, ‘Red Dragon’ has contorted growth habit whereas both parents have standard growth habit. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS 
     The accompanying colored photographs illustrate the overall appearance of the new cultivar, showing the colors as true as it is reasonably possible to obtain in colored reproductions of this type. 
     The photograph on the first sheet comprises a side perspective view of a typical plant of ‘Red Dragon’ in Corvallis, Oreg. 
     The photograph on the second sheet is a close-up view of a typical plant of ‘Red Dragon.’ 
     The photograph on the third sheet is a close-up view of the leaves of a typical plant of ‘Red Dragon.’ 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
   The cultivar ‘Red Dragon’ has not been observed under all possible environmental conditions. The phenotype may vary somewhat with variations in environment such as temperature and light intensity, without, however, any variance in genotype. The aforementioned photographs and following observations and measurements describe plants grown in Corvallis, Oreg. under commercial practice outdoors in the field during the fall, winter, and spring. Plants used for the photographs and description were about four years old. In the following description, color references are made to The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1966 Edition, except where general terms of ordinary dictionary significance are used.
     Botanical classification:  Corylus avellana  cultivar ‘Red Dragon.’   Parentage:
             Female, or seed, parent.—Corylus avellana  selection OSU 487.055, not patented.     Male, or pollen, parent.—Corylus avellana  selection OSU 367.039, not patented.       
       Propagation:
             Type.— Rooted suckers.     Time to initiate roots.— About 30 days at 20° C.     Time to produce a rooted young plant.— About six months at 22° C.     Root description.— Fine to thick; freely branching; creamy white in color.     Type.— Whip grafting.     Time to budbreak on the scions.— About 14 days at 25° C.     Time to produce a grafted plant.— About six months at 25° C.       
       Plant description:
             General appearance.— Perennial shrub. Outwardly spreading plant habit.     Growth and branching habit.— Freely branching; about 15 lateral branches develop per plant. Pinching, i.e., removal of the terminal apices, enhances branching with lateral branches potentially forming at every node. Strong and moderately vigorous growth habit. Stems twisting or “contorted.”     Plant height.— About 2 meters.     Plant diameter or spread.— About 2 meters.     Lateral branch description.— Length: About 15 cm. Diameter: About 5 mm. Internode length: About 1.3 cm. Texture: Smooth, glabrous. Strength: Strong. Color, immature: 178A. Color, mature: 137A.       
       Foliage description:
             Arrangement.— Alternate, simple.     Length.— About 12 cm.     Width.— About 10 cm.     Shape.— Oblong to ovate.     Apex.— Obtuse to acute.     Base.— Cordate.     Margin.— Serrate.     Texture, upper and lower surfaces.— Slightly pubescent.     Venation pattern.— Pinnate.     Color.— Developing foliage, upper and lower surfaces: 187A. Fully expanded foliage, upper surface: Spring and summer, 183B; late summer and fall, 137A. Fully expanded foliage, lower surface: Spring and summer, 178A; late summer and fall, 137A. Venation, upper surface: Spring and summer, 183B; late summer and fall, 137A. Venation, lower surface: Spring and summer, 178A; late summer and fall, 138B.     Petiole.— Length: About 1 cm. Diameter: About 2.5 mm. Texture, upper and lower surfaces: Pubescent. Color, upper surface: Spring and summer, 183B; late summer and fall, 137A. Color, lower surface: Spring and summer, 178A; late summer and fall, 138B.     Leaf bud.— Average length: About 6.5 mm. Average width: About 4.2 mm. Color: 178B.       
       Flower description: Male inflorescences are catkins, color prior to elongation 176B. The average length of the catkin is about 25 mm and the average width of the catkin is about 6 mm. The pollen color is yellow (RHS Canary Yellow 2/1). The female inflorescence are modified leaf buds and have an average length of about 6.5 mm and an average width of about 4.2 mm. Female inflorescence bud color is the same as leaf buds (178B) . Female inflorescence style color is purplish red (183B) . The peduncle is tan (165D) and the average peduncle length is 3 to 6 mm. The surface texture of the peduncle is matte (not glossy).   Disease/pathogen/pest resistance: Plants of the new  Corylus  are resistant to eastern filbert blight caused by the fungus  Anisogramma anomala  (Peck) E. Muller. Plants of the new  Corylus  are moderately susceptible to bud mites ( Phytoptus avellanae  Nal.) as are plants of ‘Contorta.’   Temperature tolerance: Plants of the new  Corylus  have been observed to tolerate temperatures from about −10° C. to about 38° C. in the field in Corvallis, Oreg.   

   Trees of ‘Red Dragon’ set a moderate number of catkins (rating=2.3) which is less than ‘Contorta’ (rating=3.2) but more than other contorted selections. The catkins elongate in late winter with ‘Contorta.’‘Red Dragon’ has incompatibility alleles S 6  and S 26  as determined by fluorescence microscopy. Both alleles are expressed in the females, but only S 6  is expressed in the pollen because of dominance. Female inflorescences of ‘Red Dragon’ also emerge late in the season, with ‘Contorta.’ ‘Red Dragon’ trees will set a few nuts if its stigmas receive compatible pollen while receptive. The nuts are small, slightly long and compressed. The nuts are borne in clusters of one or two in husks equal in length to the nuts. Pollen of the red-leaf cultivars ‘Rode Zeller’ and ‘Fusco Rubra’ expresses S 6  and, thus, is incompatible. ‘Contorta’ (S 5  S 10 ) is reciprocally compatible with ‘Red Dragon.’ 
   DNA was extracted from several contorted seedlings and amplified by PCR. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers UBC 152-800 and UBC 268-580, which flank the ‘Gasaway’ resistance gene, are present in ‘Red Dragon.’ RAPD marker AA12-850, which co-segregates with resistance, is also present. Scions were collected from ‘Red Dragon’ and several other contorted selections and three trees of each were grafted to rooted layers of  Corylus avellana . The shoot tips of the grafted trees were inoculated in the greenhouse with a spore suspension of  Anisogramma anomala  and then held under high humidity. The three inoculated trees of ‘Red Dragon’ remained free of disease, while those of other selections in the same test developed cankers. The lack of cankers confirmed the results of the RAPD markers and indicates complete resistance to eastern filbert blight. 
   Notably, no trees have been lost to bacterial blight caused by  Xanthomonas campestris  pv.  corylina,  however susceptibility to the disease has not been rigorously tested. 
   Susceptibility to big bud mite (primarily  Phytoptus avellanae  Nal.) was rated after leaf fall once per year for three years. The scale was from 1 (no blasted buds) to 5 (many blasted buds). The average bud mite rating for ‘Red Dragon’ (3.2) is slightly higher than for ‘Contorta’ (2.6), but the difference is not significant at P=0.05. The nursery trade does not consider bud mite to be a serious problem for ‘Contorta.’ Therefore, bud mite should also not be a serious problem for ‘Red Dragon.’ 
   Fingerprinting with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was also performed. A panel of simple sequence repeat marker loci for hazelnut has been developed. Using primers designed for each SSR locus, hazelnut DNA was amplified by PCR as described (Bassil et al. (2005) J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 130:543-549). The sequences of the primers are provided in Table 1. Forward primers were fluorescently labeled with FAM, HEX, or NED, and the size of the amplified fragment was determined by capillary electrophoresis on an ABI 3100 instrument (Applied Biosystems; Foster City, Calif.). 93 SSR loci were used to amplify 32 hazelnut genotypes. Microsatellite markers in hazelnut are described in Bassil et al. (J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. (2005) 130:543-549), Bassil et al. (Acta Horticulturae (2005) 686:105-110), Boccacci et al. (Mol. Ecol. Notes (2005) 5:934-937), Boccacci et al. (Genome (2006) 49:598-611), and Mehlenbacher et al. (Genome (2005) 49:122-133). The disclosure of each of the above citations is incorporated by reference herein. 
   
     
       
             
             
           
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 1 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Microsatellite markers used to fingerprint ‘Red Dragon’ 
                 
             
             
               and other hazelnuts. 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               Locus 
               Forward Primer Sequence 
               Reverse Primer Sequence 
             
             
                 
             
             
               A040 
               TGCTCAAGCAAATATTGCAC 
               GTTTGGGATCCAATTAACCCTCT 
             
             
                 
             
             
               AJ490 
               ACTGCAGCCCTTCAACTACG 
               AACGCCTACCTCATGTTTGG 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B107 
               GTAGGTGCACTTGATGTGCTTTAC 
               AACACCATATTGAGTCTTTCAAAGC 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B507 
               CTAAGCTCACCAAGAGGAAGTTGAT 
               GCTTCTGGGTCTCCTGCTCA 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B508 
               GGTCAAGATTTGATAAAGTGGGA 
               GCACTCCACTTGTGCGTTTTC 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B617 
               TCCGTGTTGAGTATGGACGA 
               TGTTTTTGGTGGAGCGATG 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B619 
               AGTCGGCTCCCCTTTTCTC 
               GCGATCTGACCTCATTTTTG 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B643 
               CCAGGTAAGCAGCTCAGTGT 
               ACCTCCCATTTGTGTCTTGC 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B662 
               CGAAAGATGGACTTCCATGAC 
               CAAGTTGAGATTCTTCCTGCAA 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B709 
               CCAAGCACGAATGAACTCAA 
               GCGGGTTCTCGTTGTACACT 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B720 
               CTCTGTGTCGGCTTTCTGGT 
               ATAAACCTCACGCCACACCT 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B732 
               GCCCTTCTTCTTTTCTGCAA 
               AGTGCCACCTCAACAAATCC 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B733 
               CACCCTCTTCACCACCTCAT 
               CATCCCCTGTTGGAGTTTTC 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B741 
               GTTCACAGGCTGTTGGGTTT 
               CGTGTTGCTCATGTGTTGTG 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B774 
               GTTTTGCGAGCTCATTGTCA 
               TGTGTGTGGTCTGTAGGCACT 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B776 
               TGTATGTACACACGGAGAGAGAGA 
               TGAGGGGAAGAGGTTTGATG 
             
             
                 
             
             
               C010 
               GGAGCCACCATGAAATTATACA 
               CACTTATTGCGATTGGTTCA 
             
             
                 
             
             
               C028 
               CTACCCCATCGCTTGACAC 
               GGAGACTTGTTTGCCACAGA 
             
             
                 
             
             
               C119 
               CTCACCTTTACCCCTTCATTTT 
               GTTTCCTCATCTTCTGAGAACCATC 
             
             
                 
             
             
               C504 
               GGTCTCCTTCGCTAACATAACCAA 
               GTTGCCCTCGAGTTGTAGTA 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K27-28-30 
               ACACACACACACACACGAA 
               GCACCAAGCAGAACAATC 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K74-1-19 
               CTTACAGATAAATGGCTCAAA 
               AAGCAAGAAAGGGATGGT 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K74-2-36 
               AGGCATCAGTTCATCCAA 
               GGAAGGTGAGAGAAATCAAGT 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K74-6-19 
               TTATTCCACCAAAGTCTACCTC 
               TCCTCACCAATCACACTATTT 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K76-1-26 
               AAGGCGGCACTCGCTCAC 
               GAACAACTGAAGACAGCAAAG 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K80-1-2 
               CTGGCTTCAAATCAATCATAC 
               GAGGAGAGGAGAGAGAAAGAG 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               Locus 
               Repeat Motif 
               Size 
               Tm 
               SEQ ID NO (F, R) 
             
             
                 
             
             
               A040 
               (CA) 13   
               234-248 
               62 
               1, 2 
             
             
                 
             
             
               AJ490 
               (CT)14Ns(CT)15 
               210-224 
               60 
               3, 4 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B107 
               (CT) 14   
               112-151 
               58 
               5, 6 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B507 
               (GA)1GC(GA)2GC(GA)14 
               182-202 
               55 
               7, 8 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B508 
               (GA) 10   
               142-167 
               62 
               9, 10 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B617 
               (GA) 15   
               280-298 
               60 
               11, 12 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B619 
               (TC) 21   
               146-180 
               60 
               13, 14 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B643 
               (AG) 13   
               180-196 
               60 
               15, 16 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B662 
               (TC) 15   
               220-236 
               60 
               17, 18 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B709 
               (GA) 21   
               219-233 
               60 
               19, 20 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B720 
               (AG) 14   
               159-179 
               60 
               21, 22 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B732 
               (GA) 13   
               140-156 
               60 
               23, 24 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B733 
               (TC) 15   
               161-183 
               60 
               25, 26 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B741 
               (GT) 5 (GA) 12   
               176-194 
               60 
               27, 28 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B774 
               (AG) 15   
               195-213 
               60 
               29, 30 
             
             
                 
             
             
               B776 
               (GA) 17   
               134-148 
               60 
               31, 32 
             
             
                 
             
             
               C010 
               (GAA) a   
               272-319 
               58 
               33, 34 
             
             
                 
             
             
               C028 
               (GAA) 10   
               131-147 
               60 
               35, 36 
             
             
                 
             
             
               C119 
               (GA) 7 (GA) 9   
               256-264 
               62 
               37, 38 
             
             
                 
             
             
               C504 
               (CT)18 
               161-187 
               55 
               39, 40 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K27-28-30 
               (AG) 10   
               328-345 
               57 
               41, 42 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K74-1-19 
               (AAAT) 5   
               255-249 
               54 
               43, 44 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K74-2-36 
               (AGG) 7   
               328-346 
               55 
               45, 46 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K74-6-19 
               (AG) 15   
               366-393 
               56 
               47, 48 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K76-1-26 
               (GA) 17   
               240-278 
               58 
               49, 50 
             
             
                 
             
             
               K80-1-2 
               (GA) 13   
               188-211 
               57 
               51, 52 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Shown for each microsatellite marker locus are the sequence of the forward and reverse primers, the repeat motif, the range of sizes generated, the annealing temperature, and the sequence identifiers. 
             
             
                 a (GAA) 7 GGA(GAA) 2 N 21 (GAA) 2 ATT(GAA) 4 N 15 (GAA) 3 . 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   The allele sizes at 26 loci that distinguish 12 hazelnut genotypes are presented below (Table 2). OSU 217.094 is a red leaf seedling of ‘Contorta,’ and its pollen parent is believed to be ‘Rode Zeller.’ DNA of six contorted red leaf selections (two selections of the ‘Red Majestic,’ ‘Red Dragon,’ OSU 897.046, OSU 897.071 and OSU 897.082) was also amplified. ‘Red Majestic’ plants from Spring Meadow and from Klehm are clearly different, as they have different alleles at 19 of the 26 loci. Notably, ‘Red Dragon’ is different from both clones of ‘Red Majestic’ and from all other genotypes in Table 2. Indeed, ‘Red Dragon’ was found to exhibit different allele sizes at certain loci that allowed for it to be distinguish from other hazelnut genotypes such as ‘Contorta’ and ‘Red Majestic.’ 
   
     
       
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
               TABLE 2 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
               Allele sizes at 26 microsatellite loci of 12 hazelnut genotypes. 
             
           
        
         
             
               Genotype Locus 
               A040 
               AJ490 
               B107 
               B507 
               B508 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Gasaway 
               238/246 
               218/222 
               122/128 
               179/190 
               147/165 
             
             
               Rode Zeller 
               238/246 
               214/216 
               134/144 
               189/197 
               149/149 
             
             
               OSU 217.094 
               238/246 
               214/214 
               130/134 
               185/197 
               157/157 
             
             
               Contorta 
               246/246 
               212/214 
               122/130 
               185/189 
               147/155 
             
             
               Red Majestic Spring 
               246/246 
               212/212 
               122/130 
               189/189 
               147/157 
             
             
               Meadow 
             
             
               Red Majestic Klehm 
               246/246 
               214/214 
               122/130 
               189/189 
               147/149 
             
             
               OSU 897.046 
               238/246 
               212/214 
               128/134 
               179/197 
               147/157 
             
             
               OSU 897.071 
               246/246 
               214/224 
               122/130 
               179/197 
               157/165 
             
             
               Red Dragon (OSU 
               246/246 
               212/216 
               128/130 
               185/189 
               165/165 
             
             
               897.078) 
             
             
               OSU 897.082 
               246/246 
               212/216 
               122/134 
               179/185 
               165/165 
             
             
               FuscoRubra 
               238/248 
               214/222 
               120/122 
               189/199 
               165/165 
             
             
               Barcelona 
               236/236 
               212/224 
               112/134 
               181/191 
               157/157 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Genotype Locus 
               B617 
               B619 
               B643 
               B662 
               B709 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Gasaway 
               292/296 
               170/174 
               190/196 
               230/236 
               227/227 
             
             
               Rode Zeller 
               282/292 
               166/176 
               192/192 
               230/230 
               227/227 
             
             
               OSU 217.094 
               292/294 
               170/176 
               190/190 
               230/236 
               227/227 
             
             
               Contorta 
               282/294 
               156/170 
               182/192 
               232/236 
               221/227 
             
             
               Red Majestic Spring 
               282/282 
               156/170 
               192/192 
               226/232 
               227/227 
             
             
               Meadow 
             
             
               Red Majestic Klehm 
               282/294 
               170/176 
               186/196 
               226/232 
               221/227 
             
             
               OSU 897.046 
               294/294 
               156/176 
               182/192 
               230/230 
               227/227 
             
             
               OSU 897.071 
               282/292 
               156/166 
               182/192 
               226/236 
               221/227 
             
             
               Red Dragon (OSU 
               282/292 
               156/156 
               182/192 
               226/236 
               225/227 
             
             
               897.078) 
             
             
               OSU 897.082 
               282/292 
               156/156 
               190/196 
               232/236 
               221/227 
             
             
               FuscoRubra 
               290/296 
               156/166 
               182/192 
               222/228 
               225/227 
             
             
               Barcelona 
               286/290 
               156/170 
               190/190 
               230/232 
               225/233 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Genotype Locus 
               B720 
               B732 
               B733 
               B741 
               B774 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Gasaway 
               161/163 
               140/154 
               173/173 
               186/188 
               203/209 
             
             
               Rode Zeller 
               159/167 
               150/150 
               173/173 
               178/184 
               203/207 
             
             
               OSU 217.094 
               167/167 
               150/154 
               161/173 
               178/184 
               203/203 
             
             
               Contorta 
               159/167 
               142/154 
               161/161 
               163/184 
               203/203 
             
             
               Red Majestic Spring 
               167/167 
               142/142 
               161/161 
               178/184 
               203/203 
             
             
               Meadow 
             
             
               Red Majestic Klehm 
               159/167 
               140/140 
               161/161 
               163/178 
               203/209 
             
             
               OSU 897.046 
               163/167 
               140/154 
               161/161 
               178/186 
               203/209 
             
             
               OSU 897.071 
               159/159 
               140/154 
               161/161 
               163/178 
               203/203 
             
             
               Red Dragon (OSU 
               163/167 
               140/150 
               161/161 
               178/178 
               203/209 
             
             
               897.078) 
             
             
               OSU 897.082 
               159/167 
               140/150 
               161/161 
               163/178 
               203/203 
             
             
               FuscoRubra 
               165/171 
               146/150 
               173/183 
               178/186 
               197/213 
             
             
               Barcelona 
               161/167 
               150/154 
               171/173 
               177/186 
               203/207 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Genotype Locus 
               B776 
               C101 
               C028 
               C119 
               C504 
             
             
                 
             
             
               Gasaway 
               144/148 
               281/281 
               144/144 
               258/264 
               161/164 
             
             
               Rode Zeller 
               134/136 
               275/278 
               132/141 
               256/264 
               158/164 
             
             
               OSU 217.094 
               136/146 
               275/275 
               132/141 
               256/258 
               161/164 
             
             
               Contorta 
               134/146 
               281/281 
               132/132 
               258/264 
               158/161 
             
             
               Red Majestic Spring 
               134/146 
               275/275 
               132/141 
               258/264 
               158/161 
             
             
               Meadow 
             
             
               Red Majestic Klehm 
               146/146 
               281/281 
               132/135 
               258/264 
               152/161 
             
             
               OSU 897.046 
               136/148 
               275/275 
               141/144 
               256/258 
               161/161 
             
             
               OSU 897.071 
               134/148 
               275/281 
               132/132 
               258/258 
               161/161 
             
             
               Red Dragon (OSU 
               134/148 
               275/275 
               132/141 
               256/258 
               161/161 
             
             
               897.078) 
             
             
               OSU 897.082 
               146/148 
               275/281 
               132/141 
               258/258 
               161/161 
             
             
               FuscoRubra 
               134/136 
               278/278 
               135/135 
               256/264 
               152/164 
             
             
               Barcelona 
               134/136 
               275/278 
               132/141 
               258/258 
               155/155 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               Genotype Locus 
               K27-28-30 
               K74-1-19 
               K74-2-36 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Gasaway 
               331/333 
               239/248 
               337/346 
             
             
                 
               Rode Zeller 
               329/331 
               234/234 
               340/343 
             
             
                 
               OSU 217.094 
               329/329 
               234/248 
               337/340 
             
             
                 
               Contorta 
               331/331 
               239/248 
               337/337 
             
             
                 
               Red Majestic Spring 
               329/331 
               239/248 
               337/337 
             
             
                 
               Meadow 
             
             
                 
               Red Majestic Klehm 
               329/329 
               239/239 
               337/343 
             
             
                 
               OSU 897.046 
               331/331 
               234/248 
               337/340 
             
             
                 
               OSU 897.071 
               331/331 
               239/248 
               337/340 
             
             
                 
               Red Dragon (OSU 
               331/331 
               234/248 
               337/340 
             
             
                 
               897.078) 
             
             
                 
               OSU 897.082 
               331/331 
               234/248 
               337/337 
             
             
                 
               FuscoRubra 
               329/329 
               248/248 
               337/346 
             
             
                 
               Barcelona 
               329/331 
               234/248 
               337/337 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               Genotype Locus 
               K74-6-19 
               K76-1-26 
               K80-1-2 
             
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Gasaway 
               378/390 
               255/259 
               194/197 
             
             
                 
               Rode Zeller 
               392/392 
               253/255 
               201/201 
             
             
                 
               OSU 217.094 
               376/392 
               253/253 
               201/201 
             
             
                 
               Contorta 
               376/376 
               253/255 
               201/203 
             
             
                 
               Red Majestic Spring 
               376/392 
               253/255 
               203/203 
             
             
                 
               Meadow 
             
             
                 
               Red Majestic Klehm 
               376/376 
               253/255 
               199/203 
             
             
                 
               OSU 897.046 
               376/390 
               253/253 
               197/201 
             
             
                 
               OSU 897.071 
               376/376 
               251/253 
               197/201 
             
             
                 
               Red Dragon (OSU 
               376/392 
               253/253 
               201/203 
             
             
                 
               897.078) 
             
             
                 
               OSU 897.082 
               376/390 
               253/253 
               197/201 
             
             
                 
               FuscoRubra 
               380/392 
               255/265 
               197/207 
             
             
                 
               Barcelona 
               374/378 
               259/265 
               203/205