Abstract:
A flight control system is provided that includes a reference system and flight control actuators. The reference system includes one or more sets of gyroscopes and accelerometers. At least one set of the gyroscopes and accelerometers are configured to provide a first output of a first set inertial signals for normal mode flight control and second output of a second different set of inertial signals for backup mode flight control. The flight control actuators are configured to be controlled by one of the first set of inertial signals and the second set of inertial signals.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    It is common in aircraft with Fly-By-Wire (FBW) Flight Control Systems that they are designed to protect against both random failures and design errors. Protection against random failures is generally achieved by using redundant channels of equipment. The flight control system generally provides a normal mode that uses redundant channels of inertial signals, such as provided by a micro electromechanical system (MEMS) attitude and heading reference systems (AHRS) or an Inertial Reference System (IRS). Each AHRS or IRS has three gyroscopes and three accelerometers and a microprocessor with software to calculate a full complement of inertial signals. The complexity of the microprocessor and software causes such signals to be susceptible to hardware or software errors, and they are generally considered to be not fully analyzable for design errors. 
         [0002]    Protection against design errors is generally achieved by augmenting the flight control normal mode with a simpler backup mode that can be activated in the event of a design error in the normal mode. The backup mode requires a subset of inertial signals (generally only body rate signals) that are simpler in design and hence are fully analyzable against design errors. The inertial signals for the backup mode generally have relaxed accuracy requirements compared to the signals for the normal mode. The backup mode inertial sensors are also generally redundant to protect against random failures. This means the flight control system requires duplicate sets of redundant inertial sensors—one set for the normal mode and another set for the backup mode. This duplication of inertial sensors increases the cost of the flight control system. 
         [0003]    For the reasons stated above and for other reasons stated below which will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the present specification, there is a need in the art for an effective and efficient control signal system. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0004]    The above-mentioned cost of requiring duplicate sets of inertial sensors are addressed by embodiments of the present invention and will be understood by reading and studying the following specification. The following summary is made by way of example and not by way of limitation. It is merely provided to aid the reader in understanding some of the aspects of the invention. 
         [0005]    In one embodiment, a flight control system is provided. The system includes a reference system and flight control actuators. The reference system includes one or more sets of gyroscopes and accelerometers. At least one set of the gyroscopes and accelerometers are configured to provide a first output of a first set inertial signals for normal mode flight control and second output of a second different set of inertial signals for backup mode flight control. The flight control actuators are configured to be controlled by one of the first set of inertial signals and the second set of inertial signals. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]    The present invention can be more easily understood and further advantages and uses thereof more readily apparent, when considered in view of the detailed description and the following figures in which: 
           [0007]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a flight control system of the prior art. For simplicity, the Figure does not show the redundancy within the flight control channels; 
           [0008]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a flight control system of one embodiment of the present invention. For simplicity, the Figure does not show the redundancy within the flight control channels; and 
           [0009]      FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating the implementation of one embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
       [0010]    In accordance with common practice, the various described features are not drawn to scale but are drawn to emphasize specific features relevant to the present invention. Reference characters denote like elements throughout Figures and text. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0011]    In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the inventions may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that logical, mechanical and electrical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the claims and equivalents thereof. 
         [0012]    Embodiments of the present invention provide a system that uses the same set of gyroscopes to provide inertial signals for both the normal flight control mode and for the backup flight control mode. To provide further background, prior art flight control system  100  is illustrated in the block diagram of  FIG. 1 . For simplicity,  FIG. 1  does not show the redundancy required to protect against random failures. As illustrated, the flight control system  100  includes an inertial reference system (IRS) or attitude and heading reference system (AHRS)  102 . The IRS or AHRS can generally be referred to as a reference system (RS). The RS  102  includes a first set of 3 axis gyroscopes and accelerometers  106 . The first set of gyroscopes and accelerometers  106  provide a first set of inertial signals that are communicated to a digital processor  104 . Digital processor  104  processes these gyroscope and accelerometer signals to provide a full complement of inertial signals with optimal accuracy. The RS signals are communicated to the flight control module ( 108 ) as well as other avionic systems  120  of the flight control system  100 . The FCM includes digital processor  110  that processes the RS signals and other control signals into normal mode flight control signals. The normal mode flight control signals are communicated to the control electronics  114  of the actuator control electronics (ACE)  112 . As illustrated, the control electronics  114  of the ACE  112  generates actuator control signals based on the normal mode flight control signals to control the flight control actuator  118  via actuator control signals. Further illustrated in  FIG. 1 , is another 3-axis gyroscope  116  that provides 3-axis body rates signals to the electronics  114 . The electronics  114  use the normal mode control signals from FCM  108  when in normal flight mode and the body rate signals from analog gyro  116  when in backup (or direct) flight mode. Hence, the prior art uses two sets of gyroscopes in their flight control system. 
         [0013]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , one embodiment of a flight control system  200  of the present invention is illustrated. As illustrated, flight control system  200  also includes an IRS or AHRS  102 , other avionics  102 , FCM  108 , ACE  112  and flight control actuator  118 . However, in this embodiment, only one set of gyroscopes  106  is used. As illustrated, in this embodiment, the ACE  112  does not include a second set of gyroscopes. Signals from gyroscope  106  are communicated to the digital processor  104  as discussed above that uses software to provide a full complement of highly accurate inertial signals for the flight control normal mode. Signals from gyroscope  106  are also communicated to a firmware device such as a field programmable gate array ( FPGA)  202  in RS  102 . The FPGA  202  uses relatively simple and fully analyzable hardware to improve the accuracy of the inertial signals through relatively simple compensation techniques, such as temperature compensation. The FPGA  202  converts the inertial signals to 3-axis body rate signals that are communicated to the electronics  114  in the ACE  112 . Hence, the same gyroscopes  106  produce inertial signals for both the normal flight control mode and the backup flight control mode. The signals for the normal flight control mode pass from gyros  106  into the digital processor  104  in the RS  102  and then to the digital processor  110  in the FCM and then to the electronics  114 . The signals for the backup flight control pass from gyros  106  to the FPGA  202  and then directly to the analog electronics. 
         [0014]    In  FIG. 3 , a flight control flow diagram  300  of one embodiment is illustrated. As illustrated, a first set of inertial signals are generated by gyroscopes and accelerometers  302 . The first set of inertial signals includes a full complement of AHRS signals. The full complement of AHRS signals in the first set of inertial signals are processed for optimal accuracy ( 304 ). Normal mode flight controls are generated from the processed AHRS signals. A second set of inertial signals is generated by the same gyroscopes and accelerometers ( 310 ). From the second set of signals, body rate signals with relaxed accuracy requirements are generated ( 312 ). From the relaxed body rate signals, backup mode flight control signals are generated ( 313 ). 
         [0015]    As the flight control diagram  300  illustrates in this embodiment, once the normal mode flight controls signals and the backup flight mode flight controls signals have been generated ( 306  and  313 ), it is then determined if the backup mode flight control is to be used ( 315 ). If the backup mode flight control is not to be used ( 315 ), the normal mode flight control signals are used ( 308 ). If the backup mode flight control is activated ( 315 ), the backup mode flight control signals are used ( 314 ). It is then determined if the flight is finished ( 316 ). If the flight has finished ( 316 ), the process ends. If the flight has not finished ( 316 ), the process continues with the generation of first and second inertial signals at ( 302 ) and ( 310 ) respectively. 
         [0016]    Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement, which is calculated to achieve the same purpose, may be substituted for the specific embodiment shown. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the present invention. Therefore, it is manifestly intended that this invention be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.