Abstract:
The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for the treatment of diverticulosis. It is more specifically directed to compositions including L-glutamine, its salts, or its derivatives, and uses of such compositions in the treatment of diverticulosis. In a method aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating diverticulosis. The method includes ingestion of 0.05 g/kg body weight to 10.0 g/kg body weight of L-glutamine, an L-glutamine salt or an L-glutamine derivative per day by a person who has diverticulosis.

Description:
This application claims priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/630,831, filed Dec. 19, 2011. The entire content of that application is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for the treatment of diverticulosis. It is more specifically directed to compositions including L-glutamine, its salts, or its derivatives, and uses of such compositions in the treatment of diverticulosis. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Diverticulosis refers to a condition where pouches (i.e., diverticula) form along the colon wall. The pouches are typically 5 to 10 millimeters in diameter and are formed in approximately 50 percent of individuals 60 years old or older. 
     The etiology of diverticulosis is not well understood. Current theory focuses on observed nutritional differences between cultures: Those cultures that eat a high fiber diet (e.g., Asia and Africa) have a very low incidence of diverticulosis; those that eat a low fiber diet (e.g., United States and Europe) have a high incidence of diverticulosis. Certain physicians believe that the colon of a person eating a diet low in fiber must exert more pressure than usual to move waste through his colon. The relative high pressure distorts weak spots in the colon where blood vessels pass through the muscle layer of the bowel wall, thereby forming pouches. 
     Many cases of diverticulosis go undiscovered, because the condition alone does not cause symptoms. Diverticulosis is typically diagnosed after a patient experiences complications, such painful diverticular disease or diverticulitis. In other cases, it is discovered during a screening examination (e.g., colonoscopy). 
     Diverticulosis is usually treated using a combination of nutritional guidelines and medication. A patient may follow a diet regimen involving ingestion of high fiber foods with the objective of consuming 30 to 35 grams of fiber per day. Antispasmodic drugs may be prescribed to relax muscles around the digestive tract. Painkillers may be administered where diverticulitis or other complications of diverticulosis have occurred. 
     There is a need in the art for additional compositions and methods that can be used to treat diverticulosis. That is an object of the present invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  shows L-glutamine (1) and L-glutamine salts and derivatives (2). 
     
    
    
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for the treatment of diverticulosis. It is more specifically directed to compositions including L-glutamine, its salts, or its derivatives, and uses of such compositions in the treatment of diverticulosis. 
     In a method aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating diverticulosis. The method includes ingestion of 0.05 g/kg body weight to 10.0 g/kg body weight of L-glutamine, an L-glutamine salt or an L-glutamine derivative per day by a person who has diverticulosis. 
     In a composition aspect, the present invention provides a composition for treating diverticulosis. The composition includes L-glutamine, an L-glutamine salt or an L-glutamine derivative and a fiber supplement. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for the treatment of diverticulosis. It is more specifically directed to compositions including L-glutamine, its salts, or its derivatives, and uses of such compositions in the treatment of diverticulosis. 
     The structure of L-glutamine is shown in  FIG. 1 , compound 1. L-glutamine salts and derivatives are shown as compound 2 in  FIG. 1 . Nonlimiting L-glutamine salts and derivatives have the following substituents in reference to compound 2: 
     R 1  is NH 2 ; 
     R 2  is NH 2 , NH 3   + , NH 3 Br, NH 3 OPO 3 H, NH 3 OC(O)CH 3  (i.e., acetate salt), NH 3 OC(O)CHCHCO 2 H (i.e., fumarate salt—trans olefin), NH 3 OC(O)CH(OH)CH(OH)CO 2 H (i.e., tartrate salt), NH 3 OC(O)CHCHCO 2 H (i.e., maleate salt—cis olefin), NH 3 OC(O)CH 2 —C(OH)(CO 2 H)CH 2 CO 2 H (i.e., citrate salt), NH 3 OC(O)CO 2 H (i.e., oxalate salt), NH 3 OS(O) 2 OH (i.e., methanesulfonate salt), NH 3 OS(O) 2 C 6 H 4 CH 3  (i.e., p-toluenesulfonate salt), and, NH 3 OC(O)C(O)CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H (i.e., alpha-ketoglutarate salt). 
     R 3  is OH, O − , ONa, OK, OCa, OLi, ONH 2 (CH 2 C 6 H 5 )CH 2 CH 2 NHCH 2 C 6 H 6  (i.e., benzathine salt), ON(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)C 6 H 3 ClNH 2  chioroprocaine salt), ON(CH 3 ) 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH (i.e., choline salt), ONH 2 (CH 2 CH 2 OH) 2  (i.e., diethanolamine salt), ONH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH (i.e., ethanolamine salt), ONH 3 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2  (i.e., ethyldiamine salt), ONH 2 (CH 3 )CH 2 CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2 OH (i.e., meglumine salt), ONH 3 C(CH 2 OH) 3  (i.e., tromethamine salt), ONH 3 C(CH 3 ) 3  (i.e., tertiary-butylamine salt), ON(CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 OC(O)C 6 H 4 NH 2  (i.e., procaine salt), NHCH(CH 3 )CO 2 H, NHCH(CH(CH 3 ) 2 )CO 2 H, NHCH(CH(CH 3 )(CH 2 CH 3 ))CO 2 H, NHCH(CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 )CO 2 H, NHCH(CH 2 CH 2 SCH 3 )CO 2 H, NHCH(CH 2 C 6 H 5 )CO 2 H, NHCH(CH 2 C 6 H 5 OH)CO 2 H, NHCH(CH 2 C 8 H 6 N)CO 2 H, NHCH 2 CO 2 H, NHCH(CH 2 CH 2 C(O)NH 2 )CO 2 H, NHCH(CH 2 C(O)NH 2 )CO 2 H, NHCH(CH(OH)CH 3 )CO 2 H, NHCH(CH 2 OH)CO 2 H, NHCH(CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H)CO 2 H, NHCH(CH 2 CO 2 H)CO 2 H. 
     Typically, a single compound (e.g., L-glutamine) is administered to a person seeking treatment for diverticulosis. In certain cases, however, a mixture of two or more compounds may be administered. For instance, L-glutamine may be administered with one or more L-glutamine salts or derivatives. 
     L-glutamine, its salts, derivatives or mixtures may be administered in any suitable way. For example, in certain cases it is administered as an aqueous solution. The solution may only have L-glutamine, salts or derivatives as dissolved ingredients, or it may include other pharmaceutically acceptable compounds. Nonlimiting examples of such compounds include buffers and flavorants. 
     Other, non-limiting examples of ways in which L-glutamine, its salts, derivatives or mixtures may be administered include: as a suspension in a liquid (e.g., water or juice); as a solid, either as a powder or in another form (e.g., pill or capsule); as a mixture with food (e.g., yogurt). As with the aqueous solution, the preceding administration forms may include other pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients. 
     The amount of L-glutamine, salts or derivatives administered according to the present invention typically range from 0.05 g/kg body weight to 10.0 g/kg body weight. Oftentimes, the amount ranges from 0.10 g/kg body weight to 8.0 g/kg body weight. In certain cases, the amount ranges from 0.15 g/kg body weight to 7.0 g/kg body weight. 
     L-glutamine, its salts or derivatives are typically administered to a person once per day. The compounds may, however, be administered more than once per day where indicated. 
     Where compositions of the present invention are used to treat diverticulosis, they may be combined with other methods used to treat diverticulosis. For instance, the compositions may be administered as part of a dietary regimen focused on the inclusion of increased fiber. 
     Compositions of the present invention may also be administered and/or combined with a fiber supplement such as CITRUCEL, BENEFIBER and METAMUCIL. The fiber supplement may include soluble and/or insoluble fiber, or the supplement may be entirely composed of soluble and/or insoluble fiber. Nonlimiting examples of fiber with which the compositions can be combined include: methylcellulose; wheat dextrin natural soluble fiber; and, psyllium fiber. The fiber may also include combinations of the foregoing types of fibers. 
     Combinations of the compositions and fiber may be of any suitable form. The combination may be, for example, in the form of a powder, a capsule, a caplet, a chewable tablet. It may also be included in other supplement forms, such as drinks or gels. 
     Compositions according to the present invention may be used to treat diverticulosis as determined by a number of different methods to image colon pouches. Nonlimiting examples of imaging methods include: colonoscopy; computed tomography; and, x-ray based on a barium enema. 
     After administration of L-glutamine, its salts or derivatives for three months, four months, five months, six months, seven months, eight months, nine months, ten months, eleven months or twelve months, the number of pouches observed in a patient&#39;s colon have been reduced by at least twenty-five (25) percent. In certain cases, the number of pouches have been reduced by at least fifty (50) percent or seventy-five (75) percent. In other cases, the number of pouches have been reduced by at least eighty (80) percent, eighty-five (85) percent, ninety (90) percent, or ninety-five (95) percent. 
     EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 
     A person had a number of diverticula as observed by colonoscopy. The person ingested 30 g of L-glutamine per day as an aqueous solution. After twelve months of L-glutamine administration, the number of diverticula had been reduced by ninety (90) percent.