Abstract:
A system and method of orchestrating failover operations of servers providing services to an internal computer network includes a DR server configured to execute a control script that performs a failover operation. Information needed to perform the failover operation is stored on the DR server thereby eliminating the need to store agents on each of the application&#39;s primary and backup servers. The DR server may provide a centralized location for the maintenance and update of the failover procedures for the internal network&#39;s redundant services. A failover operation may be initiated by an authorized user in communication with the internal computer network.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to systems and methods for management of services within a network of computer systems and more specifically to services for server failover within such systems. 
     2. Description of the related art 
     An organization often requires that certain services that support the organization&#39;s mission be available throughout the day. Services may be provided through applications executing on servers connected to the organization&#39;s internal network, such as, for example, an intranet. Interruption of the service may adversely affect the operation of the organization. A redundant server system may be used to minimize any service interruption. A redundant server system includes a primary server and a backup server that are both configured to execute the application providing the service. In normal operation, the service is provided by the application executing on the primary server. If the service is interrupted, the backup server can provide the service by starting the application on the backup server. The process of switching from the primary server to the backup server is commonly referred to as a failover. The process of switching between the primary and backup server may automated by installing software agents on the primary and backup servers that execute the failover process on their respective servers. 
     A large organization may have tens or hundreds of services that must have high availability and require backup servers and procedures to execute the switch when required. Moreover, the organization may use a variety of servers and applications that each requires a different shutdown or startup procedure. Therefore, there remains a need for systems and methods that can manage failover operations across the organization&#39;s network from anywhere on the network. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A system and method of orchestrating failover operations of servers providing services to an internal computer network includes a DR server configured to execute a control script that performs a failover operation. Information needed to perform the failover operation is stored on the DR server thereby eliminating the need to store agents on each of the application&#39;s primary and backup servers. The DR server may provide a centralized location for the maintenance and update of the failover procedures for the internal network&#39;s redundant services. A failover operation may be initiated by an authorized user in communication with the internal computer network. 
     One embodiment of the present invention is directed to a system comprising: a primary server in communication with an internal computer network, the primary server executing an application providing a service to the internal computer network; a backup server in communication with the internal computer network, the backup server capable and configured to execute the application; a DR server in communication with the internal computer network; and a failover script stored on the DR server, the failover script performing a failover operation on the backup server when executed on the DR server. 
     Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method of orchestrating a failover operation from a DR server in communication with an internal computer network, a primary server and a backup server, the primary server and backup server configured to run an application that provides a service to the internal computer network, the method comprising: receiving a command through the internal computer network from a user to perform a failover operation for the application; retrieving a security ticket from the primary server based on the user; reading a configuration file stored on the DR server, the configuration file containing information for the failover operation of the application; and executing a failover operation of the application based on the information read from the configuration file. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will be described by reference to the preferred and alternative embodiments thereof in conjunction with the drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is diagram illustrating a computer network used in some embodiments of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is flow diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 3  is shows a portion of a configuration file used in some embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     An embodiment of the present invention provides for the orchestration of disaster recovery activation for services provided on an organization&#39;s internal computer network. A log of the recovery process is generated and stored for later review of the status of the recovery process. The recovery operation is preferably orchestrated by a control script that contains subroutines that execute portions of the recovery process on a target server. Target-specific information for the recovery process may be stored in a configuration file. The control script may be activated via a command-line interface or via a web front-end that is accessed through the organization&#39;s internal computer network. Embodiments of the present invention do not require modification of the applications providing the service or installation of agents on the target servers. 
       FIG. 1  is diagram illustrating a computer network used in some embodiments of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, an external computer  115  may access an organization&#39;s computer network  120  via an external communications network  110  such as, for example, the internet. A gateway server  130  provides a bridge between the external network  110  and the organization&#39;s internal computer network  150 . In a preferred embodiment, the internal computer network  150  is an intranet. The gateway server  130  also provides security to computer network  120  by preventing unauthorized access to network  120 . The structure and operation of computer networks are known and described in numerous publications such as, for example, Craig Zacker, Networking: The Complete Reference, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Berkeley, Calif. (2001), incorporated herein by reference. 
     Users may access the resources and services of the computer network  120  through a computer  140  that is directly connected to the intranet  150  or through external computer  115  via the internet  110 . Services are provided by applications executing on one or more servers. In the illustrative example of  FIG. 1 , a service  170  is provided by primary servers  172  and  174 . Each primary server  172  and  174  may execute a portion of an application providing the service  170 . The organization may consider service  170  sufficiently important to provide backup servers  182  and  184  that are capable of providing the service if the service from primary servers is interrupted. In some embodiments, the location of backup servers  182  and  184  is in a different geographical region and is usually referred to as a failover site  180 . 
     The process of switching servers providing a service is generally referred to as a failover process. In some embodiments of the present invention, the failover process may include three types of failover operations that each covers a possible disaster situation. 
     In a first situation, herein referred to as a migration, both the primary and failover sites are available and the service is switched from the primary site to the failover site. During the migration operation, the application providing the service at the primary site is first shutdown, followed by any necessary data replication before the application is started at the failover site. 
     In a second situation, herein referred to as a takeover, the primary site is unavailable thereby preventing an orderly shutdown of the application at the primary site or any necessary data replication to the failover site. The primary site may become unavailable for a variety of reasons such as, for example, a power loss at the primary site, interruption of a communication link between the primary site and the organization&#39;s intranet, or physical damage to the servers or data storage devices at the primary site. During the takeover operation, the application is started at the failover site. 
     In a third situation, herein referred to as a failback, the service is being provided by the failover site and the service is switched back to the primary site. During the migration operation, the application providing the service at the failover site is first shutdown, followed by any necessary data replication before the application is started at the primary site. 
     Authorization to initiate a failover is tightly controlled and is usually vested in only a few authorized managers. When one of the authorized managers determines that a failover is necessary, he or she enters the commands necessary to accomplish the failover process. In order to reduce error, the series of commands are printed in a disaster recovery manual that is accessible to the authorized manager. The failover operation may require that the authorized manager log onto several different servers to complete the failover operation. For example, in addition to logging onto the primary and backup servers, the authorized manager may also require access to a server managing the domain name service (DNS) for the organization&#39;s computer network and to a server managing a storage area network (SAN) for the organization&#39;s computer network. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the series of commands are stored as a script on a DR server  160 . The DR server  160  preferably stores a failover script for each service that has a failover site. In some embodiments, DR server  160  may act as a central depository for recovery scripts for a region thereby providing for easier maintenance and updates of the recovery scripts. 
       FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating the failover process. In a preferred embodiment, a control script manages the failover process and calls other scripts or subroutines that execute target-specific procedures on the target server. After the control script is activated by the authorized manager, step  210  checks to confirm that the script is running as a correct user on the correct target host or server. In some embodiments, only specific user/host combinations are allowed to execute the failover procedure. If the user/host combination is invalid, the script terminates, logs the result in a log file, and displays the result to the authorized manager. If the user/host combination is valid, the script checks the validity of any arguments or options specified with the invocation of the control script. For example, an action option may be specified when the control script is initiated. The action option identifies the operation to be performed by the control script and should therefore specify a valid operation. The control script confirms that the action option specifies one of the valid operations in step  210 . If the action option is invalid, the script terminates, records the results in a log file and displays the result to the authorized manager. 
     In step  220 , a configuration file for the application is read and verified. The configuration file is verified by comparing the configuration file to a template file that reflects the rules for valid configuration data. If the configuration file contains invalid data, the script terminates, records the result in a log file, and displays the result to the authorized manager. 
     If the configuration file contains valid data, an authentication and authorization procedure is performed in step  230  before control script commands are executed on the target host. Authentication and authorization may follow any of the known security procedures for networks. In a preferred embodiment, authentication and authorization is accomplished using a Kerberos protocol described in RFC 1510 available from http://www.freesoft.org/CIE/RFC/1510/(September 1993), herein incorporated by reference. A Kerberos ticket for the application providing the service is stored on the DR server for each available application. Each primary and backup server stores a file containing a list of Kerberos tickets that it will accept. Each Kerberos ticket allows only the specific user/host/application combination to establish a secure channel with the target host. 
     Once the secure channel is established between the target host and the DR server, the DR server transmits a script command to the target host for execution on the target host in step  240 . The target host returns a signal to the DR server indicating a status of the executed command, i.e., whether the script command was successfully executed or failed. The DR server checks the returned signal in step  250 . If the returned signal indicates a successful execution of the command, the DR server determines if the executed command was the last command in the script in step  255 . If the executed command is the last command, the DR server records the result, displays the result to the user, and terminates the script. If the executed command is not the last command, the script branches back to step  240  to execute the next script command. 
     If the returned signal indicates an unsuccessful execution of the command, the DR server examines an on Fail option associated with the command in step  260 . If the on Fail option is set to DIE, the DR server prints an error message to the log file in step  280 , displays the error message to the user, and terminates the script in step  290 . If the on Fail option is set to WARN, the DR server prints an error message to the log file in step  290  and branches back to step  240  to execute the next script command. If the on Fail option is set to RETRY, the DR server re-executes the command in step  265  before branching to step  250  to determine if the re-executed command was successfully executed. The RETRY flag may be followed by a repeat number and a DIE or WARN flag. For example, if on Fail=RETRY, RETRY, DIE, the DR server will resend the command to the target host for re-execution twice and if the command is still unsuccessful after the second retry, the DR server will branch according to the DIE flag. 
       FIG. 3  shows a portion of a configuration file that may be used in some embodiments of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, the configuration file is a plain text file in a key-value format containing a target  312 , a key  314  and a paired value  316 . Each target contains an onFail key that describes an action to take if the subroutine for the target fails. In  FIG. 3 , a MIGRATE target  350  is shown with an integer keys that correspond to a script step that is executed when a migration operation is selected for the failover process. In the example shown in  FIG. 3 , assuming that the authorized manager has selected the migrate operation and after a secure channel is established, the DR server executes the first script command in the MIGRATE target, which in this example is cname→delete(CNAME 1 ). The cname module requires five parameters that identify the primary host, the failover host, an alias, a user name, and a password. In the example shown in  FIG. 3 , the steps 1-4 switch the alias names between the primary server and the failover server by first deleting the alias from the primary and failover server (steps 1-2) and adding the new alias to the primary and failover server (steps 3-4). The user name and password specified in CNAME 1   310  and CNAME 2   320  allow the authorized manager to log onto the organization&#39;s DNS server that manages the domain names for the organization&#39;s servers. Both CNAME 1   310  and CNAME 2   320  specify that onFail=WARN, which is used by the control script to determine an action if the command is not successfully executed. 
     In step 5, the DR server sends a command to the primary server to dismount the application&#39;s file system directory and in step 6, the DR server sends a command to the primary server to deport the application&#39;s disk group. In step 7, the DR server executes the command, srdf→failover(SRDF) that switches the state of the primary and secondary storage to allow the secondary storage to be mounted for the failover host. The srdf module uses two parameters that are defined in the SRDF module  330  that identify a gatekeeper host that manages the primary and failover storage devices and defines the specific storage devices that are switched. The particular commands in the srdf module depend on the SAN manager used to control the primary and failover storage devices. In step 6, the DR server sends a command to the failover server to port application&#39;s disk group on the failover server. In step 7, the DR server sends a command to the failover server to mount the application&#39;s file system on the failover server. 
     Having thus described at least illustrative embodiments of the invention, various modifications and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art and are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description is by way of example only and is not intended as limiting. The invention is limited only as defined in the following claims and the equivalents thereto.