Abstract:
A method ( 100 ) of researching and analyzing information contained in documents that belong to a first database ( 200 ) and are organized according to a first set of fields ( 210 ) for an electronic search and retrieval by a computer ( 850 ). The method includes the steps of: a) conducting an electronic search ( 202 ) of the first database to retrieve at least one document; b) developing user-defined fields ( 300 ); c) reading ( 310 ) the at least one document to retrieve information pertaining to the user-defined fields; d) entering into a second database ( 510 ) the at least one document, values of the first set of fields for the at least one document, the user-defined fields and the retrieved information pertaining to the user-defined fields; and e) analyzing ( 506 ) the information contained in the second database.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a method of researching and analyzing information contained in databases and more particularly to information contained in electronic databases accessible over the Internet. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   A large number of databases are available in the public domain that are accessible over the Internet and contain a plethora of information. A database is defined as a collection of data organized especially for rapid search and retrieval as by a computer. The data may be text documents and/or images or numbers. 
   One example of a database is the patent database displayed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) web page. A provider, in this case the USPTO organization, provides and displays documents (i.e., patents) in the database and defines a method of searching the database using standard patent fields, i.e., patent number, inventor, assignee, issue date and title, among others. A user may also search the database by entering a search query consisting of specific keywords encoded in a Boolean formalism. The result of the database search is a list of documents that contain the standard patent fields or the keywords the user requested. 
   However, in many cases a user searches for specific type of information which although it may be contained in the database documents it cannot be directly accessed using the conventional search methods because the specific search query was not envisioned by the provider or was not intended to be searched. These specific types of search queries require advanced search methods and are used in research applications. 
   One such advanced search method is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,038,561, where a dynamic concept (or “natural language”) query is performed. A user enters a list of words ranging from a single keyword to an entire document in a user-specified query document. This user-specified query document is then compared for similarity to a set of documents contained in the database and measures of similarity scores are obtained. These measures of similarity scores provide answers regarding patent infringement between two patents, or synergy between companies and inventories, among others. 
   However, in general research applications, a user seeks answers to a “new set of questions” and is not looking to develop a similarity analysis between two documents but rather to develop “a thesis about a new subject matter”. The “new subject matter” may be an assessment of the technical capabilities of a given company, a business strategy, a marketing analysis, type of material or human resources required to set-up a specific operation or to develop a specific type of technology. This type of research is usually performed manually in a non-systematic way. It is also cumbersome and takes a long time. 
   There is a need for an advanced method of researching electronically information in existing databases in order to develop via analysis and/or synthesis a new type of information database and ultimately “a thesis about a new subject matter”. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In general, in one aspect, the invention provides a method of researching and analyzing information contained in a plurality of documents. The documents belong to a first database and are organized according to a first set of fields for an electronic search and retrieval by a computer. The method includes first conducting an electronic search of the first database to retrieve at least one document, then developing a second set of fields and then reading the at least one document to retrieve information pertaining to the user defined fields. The next step is entering into a second database the at least one document, the values of the first set of fields for the at least one document, the second set of fields and the retrieved information pertaining to the second set of fields and finally analyzing the information that is contained in the second database. 
   Implementations of the invention may include one or more of the following features. The first database may be searched based on the first set of fields, keywords, a Boolean phrase and on a “natural language” query. The first database may be a patent database, the documents may be patents and the first set of fields may be patent fields. The patent database may be the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent database, the European Patent Office patent database, the Japanese Patent Office patent database and an international patent database. The patent fields may be selected from a group consisting of Patent Number, Title, Assignee Name and Location, Filing date, Date of patent, Application Number, Inventor(s) Name, U.S. Class, U.S. Subclass, International Class, International Subclass, Field of Search, Number of references cited, Number of claims, Number of independent claims, Abstract, Name of Primary Examiner, Name of secondary Examiner or Name of attorney, agent, firm. The documents may be publications, books, newspapers, and magazines. The second set of fields may be user-defined fields and may be developed from answers to questions contained in a first input form. The user-defined field may include a core competency of an invention, a technology of an invention, an element of an invention, a business driver for an invention, a product of an invention, a field of an invention, a problem solved by an invention, an intellectual property strategy for an invention, a priority of an invention, a capability for producing an invention, a level of novelty of an invention, a market size for an invention, a maturity level of an invention, a level of importance of an invention, a patent strategy of an invention, a business strategy of an invention, ability to detect use of an invention, an estimate of use of an invention by competitors, an estimate of use of an invention by suppliers, an estimate of use of an invention by customers, an estimate of alliance potential generated by an invention, an estimate of technology transfer potential generated by an invention, a level of prestige generated by an invention, an estimate of licensing potential of an invention and an estimate of market potential generated of an invention. The second database may be an Access™ type database. 
   The step of analyzing the information contained in the second database includes entering the information into a spreadsheet and displaying the user-defined fields in graphs and tables. Each user-defined field may be associated with a value and the analyzing includes summation of the values for each user-defined field. More than one document may be retrieved. The method may also include developing a high level of abstraction view of the retrieved documents. 
   In general, in another aspect, the invention features an apparatus for researching and analyzing information contained in a plurality of documents including a computer system having a display and a central processing unit (CPU). The computer system accesses an Internet website. The Internet website has a first database that contains a plurality of documents organized according to first set of fields for an electronic search and retrieval by the computer system. The computer system also includes one or more computer instructions for conducting an electronic search of the first database to retrieve at least one document, one or more computer instructions for developing a second set of fields, one or more computer instructions for entering into a second database the at least one document, values of the first set of fields for the at least one document, the second set of fields and information pertaining to the second set of fields extracted via reading from the at least one document and one or more computer instructions for analyzing the information contained in the second database. The second database may be contained within the computer system. 
   Among the advantages of this invention may be one or more of the following. The invention provides a method of analyzing patents and extracting information pertaining to market, business, IP strategy, business strategy and technology for one or more inventions. 
   The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and description below. Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments, the drawings and from the claims. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a patent mapping process according to this invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a first input form. 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a second input form. 
       FIG. 4  is a worksheet input file for the core competencies field. 
       FIG. 5  is a worksheet input file for the technologies field. 
       FIG. 6  is a worksheet input file for the elements field. 
       FIG. 7  is a worksheet input file for the business driver&#39;s field. 
       FIG. 8  is a worksheet input file for the product categories field. 
       FIG. 9  is a worksheet input file for the fields of invention field. 
       FIG. 10  is a worksheet input file for the problems field. 
       FIG. 11  is a worksheet input file for the IP strategy field. 
       FIG. 12  is a worksheet input file for the priorities field. 
       FIG. 13  is a worksheet input file for the invention view field. 
       FIG. 14  is a worksheet input file for the applied invention matrix (AIM) class field. 
       FIG. 15  is a worksheet input file for the market size field. 
       FIG. 16  is a worksheet input file for the maturity of technologies field. 
       FIG. 17  is a worksheet input file for the importance of products field. 
       FIG. 18  is a worksheet input file for the patent strategy field. 
       FIG. 19  is a worksheet input file for the business strategy field. 
       FIG. 20  is a worksheet input file for the detectability field. 
       FIG. 21  is a worksheet input file for the competitors use field. 
       FIG. 22  is a worksheet input file for the suppliers use field. 
       FIG. 23  is a worksheet input file for the customers use field. 
       FIG. 24  is a worksheet input file for the alliance potential field. 
       FIG. 25  is a worksheet input file for the technology transfer field. 
       FIG. 26  is a worksheet input file for the prestige field. 
       FIG. 27  is a block diagram of a third input form. 
       FIG. 28  is a block diagram for the high level of abstraction (HLA) Framework. 
       FIG. 29  is a worksheet input file for the HLA framework. 
       FIG. 30  illustrates a representative screen shot for a patent record in the database  510 . 
       FIG. 31  is a bar graph depicting the IP space for electronic equipment occupied by four competing companies A, B, C and D. 
       FIG. 32  is a bar graph depicting the technology space occupied by the four competing companies A, B, C and D of  FIG. 31 . 
       FIG. 33  is a bar graph depicting the business drivers for the four competing companies A, B, C and D of  FIG. 31 . 
       FIG. 34  is a bar graph depicting the core competencies for the four competing companies A, B, C and D of  FIG. 31 . 
       FIG. 35  is a bar graph depicting the year the patents belonging to the four competing companies A, B, C and D of  FIG. 31  were issued. 
       FIG. 36  is a Venn diagram depicting a first example of the IP and product space occupied by companies A and B. 
       FIG. 37  is a Venn diagram depicting a second example of the IP and product space occupied by companies A and B. 
       FIG. 38  is a Venn diagram depicting a third example of the IP and product space occupied by companies A and B. 
       FIG. 39  is an apparatus for implementing the mapping process of this invention. 
       FIG. 40  shows a prior art table indicating standard patent fields. 
       FIG. 41  shows a table listing all user fields and their definition. 
       FIG. 42  shows two tables illustrating Microsoft Excels Master Worksheet. 
   

   Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements. 
   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 , a patent mapping process  100  includes the following steps. First a user fills out input forms  302 ,  304  and  306 . Input forms  302 ,  304  and  306  are used to identify the user&#39;s areas of interests including product, technology, process, business, and market, among others. The information captured in input form  302  is used to define fields for an electronic search query  202  and to construct a filter  230 . The information captured in input forms  304  and  306  is used to construct a High Level of Abstraction (HLA) framework  401  and user-defined fields  300 . These user-defined fields  300  represent the specific interests of the user or the specific questions a user would like to answer. 
   Referring to  FIG. 2 , in first input form  302  the user is asked to list all disclosures  520 , patents  521  and technical papers  522  known to the user in the areas of interest, define the technology areas, scopes and boundaries for the mapping process  523  and list all major competitors  524 , suppliers  525  and customers  526  in the areas of interest. 
   Referring to  FIG. 3 , in second input form  304 , the user is asked to answer questions in specific areas including core competencies  530 , technologies  531 , elements  532 , business drivers  533 , products  534 , fields of the invention  535 , problems solved  536 , intellectual property (IP) strategy  537 , priorities  538 , invention view capabilities  539 , applied invention matrix (AIM), i.e., level of novelty  540 , market size  541 , maturity of technology  542 , importance of products  543 , patent strategy  544 , business strategy  545 , detectability of the invention  546 , use of the invention by competitors  547 , suppliers  548 , and customers  549 , alliance potential  550 , technology transfer potential  551  and prestige  552 . For each specific area a spreadsheet type input file is filled out that includes a list of all relevant parameters, their definition and a measure of their importance for the development of the specified product or technology. The information captured in input form  304  is user specific and varies from user to user. This information is used to transform user-specific conditions, constrains and measures into user-defined fields  300  and HLA framework  401 , shown in  FIG. 1 . 
   In the question about core competencies, the user is asked to describe the technical expertise and skills that are needed to produce the inventions of interest. Examples of core competencies include mechanical engineer, software engineer, economist, database analyst, market analyst and marketing. Referring to  FIG. 4 , the core competencies input file for the development of a drug product includes a first column that lists all the type of special expert skills that are needed to produce the drug, a second column that describes each skill and a third column with a weight factor having values ranging from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance for each skill. In the example of  FIG. 4 , the expert skills needed to produce the drug are organic chemist, chemical engineer, biochemist, toxicologist, physical chemist, analytical chemist and a medical doctor. 
   In the question about technologies, the user is asked to describe the technologies utilized in developing the inventions of interest. Examples of technologies include robotics, semiconductor processes, quality control and quantitative analysis. Referring to  FIG. 5 , the input file for the technologies includes a first column that lists all the technologies, a second column that describes each technology and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance for each technology. Among the technologies needed to produce the drug of  FIG. 4  are organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, animal studies and manufacturing processes. 
   In the question about elements, the user is asked to describe the principal elements of the inventions. Examples of elements for an apparatus invention include all the actual elements of the invention. For a method type invention the elements include all the steps or processes of the invention. Referring to  FIG. 6 , the input file for the elements includes a first column that lists all the elements, a second column that describes each element and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance for each element. Among the elements of the drug of  FIG. 4  are its chemical formulation, user-friendly package and patient reaction. 
   In the question about business drivers, the user is asked to describe the commercial advantages of the inventions of interest. Examples of business drivers include higher yield, reduced cost, improved uniformity and reduced size. Referring to  FIG. 7 , the input file for the business drivers includes a first column that lists all the commercial advantages of the invention, a second column that defines each advantage and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance for each advantage. Among the business drivers for the invention of the drug of  FIG. 4  are its market response, user convenience and new treatment method. 
   In the question about products and product categories, the user is asked to describe the products of the inventions of interest. Examples of products include electrodes, business forecasting, business plans. Referring to  FIG. 8 , the input file for the products includes a first column that lists all the products, methods and processes that the invention produces, a second column that describes each product and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance for each product. Among the product categories of the drug of  FIG. 4  are included estrogen, calcitonin, estrogen inhibitors, disease treating and preventing drugs. 
   In the question about fields of invention, the user is asked to describe the specific fields of the inventions of interest. Examples of fields of invention include etching, temperature control, data processing, and data compression. Referring to  FIG. 9 , the input file for the fields of the invention includes a first column that lists all the specific fields of the invention, a second column that defines each field and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance for each field. Among the fields of the invention for the drug of  FIG. 4  are included synthetic chemistry, formulation and method of use of products. 
   In the question about problems, the user is asked to describe the major technical problems that the invention solves. Examples of problems include how to resist corrosion, compress data, and accelerate electrons. Referring to  FIG. 10 , the input file for the problems of the invention includes a first column that lists all the major problems that one would like to solve with the invention, a second column that describes each problem and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance for each problem. Among the problems of the invention for the drug of  FIG. 4  are included how to improve of bioavailability, how to improve drug acceptance and how to increase drug efficacy. 
   In the question about Intellectual Property (IP) strategy, the user is asked to rate the technologies or products of the inventions of interest according to the patent strategy of the user&#39;s company. The company patent strategy is used to plan product and technology development and to secure a competitive position in the market. If a company does not have a defined patent strategy this field is left empty and an initial map is completed without this information. The results of the initial map are used to develop a company patent strategy. This developed patent strategy is then used to update the results of the initial patent map. Referring to  FIG. 11 , the input file for the intellectual property strategy includes a first column that lists all the possible IP strategies for each technology or product of the invention, a second column that describes each product or technology, and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance for each technology or product. In one example, the IP strategies include patenting around a competitor&#39;s patents, publishing in front of a competitor&#39;s patents, publishing around a competitor&#39;s patents, increasing understanding of a competitor&#39;s patents and belonging not in area of interest of a competitor&#39;s patents. 
   In the question about priorities, the user is asked to prioritize each technology and or product of the inventions. Referring to  FIG. 12 , the input file for the priorities of the technologies and products includes a first column that rates qualitatively the level of priority and a second column that lists each technology and/or product of the invention. In one example, the levels of priorities are rated as emergency, high, medium and low. 
   In the question about invention view, the user is asked to describe the capabilities needed to produce the products of the inventions of interest. Referring to  FIG. 13 , the input file for the invention view includes a first column that lists the user&#39;s own capabilities, competitor&#39;s capabilities and supplier&#39;s capabilities and a second column that describes user&#39;s capabilities, competitors&#39; capabilities and suppliers&#39; capabilities, respectively. 
   In the question about applied invention matrix (AIM) class, the user is asked to categorize the technology fields of the inventions of interest by the level of novelty. The novelty level is characterized as “breakthrough” for a very broad fundamental technology or product, “distinctive” for a unique method, offbeat approach, or intermediate improvement and “incremental” for a very detailed incremental improvement. Referring to  FIG. 14 , the input file for the AIM Class of the invention includes a first column that rates the novelty level and a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention. 
   In the question about market size, the user is asked to estimate the market size range for the technology fields and products of the inventions of interest. Referring to  FIG. 15 , the input file for the market size includes a first column that rates the market size range and a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention. In one example, the market size ranges include 1 million to 10 million dollars, 10 million to 100 million dollars, 100 million to 1 billion dollars, 1 billion to 5 billion dollars and greater than 5 billion dollars. 
   In the question about maturity of technology, the user is asked to rate the maturity of the technology and products of the inventions of interest. Referring to  FIG. 16 , the input file for the maturity of technologies includes a first column that rates the technology maturity level, a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance for each technology or product. In one example, the maturity level is characterized as “last generation”, “current generation” and “emerging generation”. 
   In the question about importance of the invention to current or planned products the user is asked to rate the importance of the invention for current or planned company products. Referring to  FIG. 15 , the input file for the importance of the products includes a first column that rates the importance of a product, a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance. In one example, the importance is characterized as “peripheral” for user or supplier related inventions, “element of a product” for a product manufactured by the user&#39;s company and is interchangeable with another type of product from the user&#39;s company or from another company, “essential to a product” for a product essential to the user&#39;s product line and “creates a product” if the invention can be used to make the entirety of a new product. 
   In the question about patent strategy, the user is asked to rate the strategic importance of the invention to the overall company patent strategy. Referring to  FIG. 18 , the input file for the patent strategy includes a first column that rates the invention according to the company&#39;s patent strategy, a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance. In one example, the different categories for the strategic importance of the invention to the overall company patent strategy include, “no patent strategy in the invention field”, “high strategic importance”, “medium strategic importance” and “low strategic importance”. 
   In the question about business strategy, the user is asked to rate the importance of the technologies or products of the invention to the overall company business strategy. Referring to  FIG. 19 , the input file for the business strategy includes a first column that rates the business strategy, a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of importance. In one example, the different categories for the strategic importance of the invention to the overall company business strategy include, “no business strategy in the invention field”, “high business importance”, “medium business importance” and “low business importance”. 
   In the question about detectability, the user is asked to rate the technologies or products of the invention by the ability to detect their use by others. In general, it is easy to detect the use of an apparatus or a product of an invention by others whereas the use of methods and processes are often undetectable. Referring to  FIG. 18 , the input file for the detectability includes a first column that rates the detectability, a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention and a third column with weight factors having values from 1 to 10 indicating the weight of detectability. In one example, the ability to detect the use of an invention by others is rated as “obvious”, “easily detected”, “detectable with work” and “undetectable”. In the drug example of  FIG. 4 , the methods for coating, tabletting, packaging, use and combination with other products are rated as “obvious”. The methods of chemical formulation and synthetic chemistry are rated as “detectable with work”. 
   In the question about competitive use, the user is asked to rate the technologies or products of the invention by the percentage of competitors who would use them. Referring to  FIG. 21 , the input file for the competitive use includes a first column that rates the competitive use and a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention. In one example, the ratings for the competitive use include “less than 10% of competitors will use”, “10% to 50% of competitors will use”, “most competitors will use”, “unknown” and “will only be used by user&#39;s company”. In the drug example of  FIG. 4 , it is estimated that most competitors will use the methods of tabletting, coating and packaging, whereas only 10% to 50% percent of the competitors will use the methods of formulation, use, synthetic chemistry and combination of products. 
   In the question about suppliers&#39; use, the user is asked to rate the technologies or products of the invention by the percentage of suppliers who would use them. Referring to  FIG. 22 , the input file for the suppliers&#39; use includes a first column that rates the suppliers use and a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention. In one example, the ratings for the suppliers&#39; use include “less than 10% of suppliers will use”, “10% to 50% of suppliers will use”, “most suppliers will use”, and “unknown”. In the drug example of  FIG. 4 , it is estimated that most suppliers will use the synthetic chemistry method, whereas less than 10% percent of the suppliers will use the methods of formulation, use, tabletting, coating, packaging methods and combination of products. 
   In the question about customer use, the user is asked to rate the technologies or products of the invention by the percentage of customers who would use them. Referring to  FIG. 23 , the input file for the customer use includes a first column that rates the customer use and a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention. In one example, the ratings for the customer use include “no customer will use”, “less than 10% of customers will use”, “10% to 50% of customers will use”, “most customers will use”, and “unknown”. In the drug example of  FIG. 4 , it is estimated that no customer will use the methods for synthetic chemistry, chemical formulation, use, tabletting, coating, packaging methods and combination of products. 
   In the question about alliance potential, the user is asked to rate the technologies or products of the invention by the level of potential current or anticipated alliance activity that the invention will enable between the user&#39;s company and other companies. Referring to  FIG. 24 , the input file for the alliance potential includes a first column that rates the alliance potential and a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention. In one example, the alliance potential is rated as “low”, “medium”, “high” and “unknown”. In the drug example of  FIG. 4 , the alliance potential for the method for tabletting is rated as “low”, for the methods of packaging and formulation as “medium” and for the methods for synthetic chemistry, coating, use and combination of products as “high”. 
   In the question about technology transfer, the user is asked to rate the technologies or products of the invention by the level of current or anticipated technology transfer that the invention will enable between the user&#39;s company and other companies. Referring to  FIG. 25 , the input file for the technology transfer includes a first column that rates the technology transfer probability and a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention. In one example, the technology transfer potential is rated as “low”, “medium”, “high” and “unknown”. In the drug example of  FIG. 4 , the technology transfer potential for the methods of tabletting and coating is rated as “low”, for the methods of packaging and formulation as “medium” and for the methods for synthetic chemistry, use and combination of products as “high”. 
   In the question about prestige, the user is asked to rate the technologies or products of the invention by the level of prestige or recognition that may bring to the inventors and the company. Referring to  FIG. 26 , the input file for the prestige includes a first column that rates the prestige level and a second column that describes each product or technology of the invention. In one example, the prestige level is rated as “low”, “medium” and “high”. In the drug example of  FIG. 4 , the prestige level for the methods of tabletting and formulation is rated as “low”, for the methods of packaging, coating and synthetic chemistry as “medium” and for the methods of use and combination of products as “high”. 
   Referring back to  FIG. 1 , the information captured in third input form  306  is used to develop a High Level of Abstraction (HLA) framework  401  for a specific technology or product. Referring to  FIG. 27 , third input form  306  includes a first step  560 , where the user is asked to separate the products and technologies into general categories, a second step  562 , where the user is asked to separate the general categories into a first set of sub-categories, a third step  564 , where a user is asked to separate each first sub-category into another level of sub-categories and a fourth step  566 , where the user is asked to enter the results from the first, second and third steps into a spreadsheet. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 28 and 29 , the HLA framework  401  includes a main category  412  and a first and second subcategories,  414  and  416 , respectively. In one example, the specific product is a computer  420  and the HLA main categories  412  are the processor  422 , monitor  424 , and the input devices  426 . The first subcategories  414  of the processor  422  main category are the motherboard  428 , the graphics board  430  and the disk drives  432 . The first subcategory of the monitor  424  main category is the screen  434 . The first subcategories of the input devices  426  are the mouse  436  and the keyboard  438 . The second subcategories  416  of the motherboard  428  first subcategory are the CPU  440 , the cache  442 , and the ports  444 . The second subcategories  416  of the mouse  436  first subcategory are the buttons  446 . The HLA framework is applied to the group of relevant patents  500  to form HLA clusters  402  of the collected patents. Each patent in the group of relevant patents  500  is evaluated and placed in the appropriate HLA cluster  450 . Both the formation of HLA clusters and the extraction of information to fill-out the user-defined fields occur during the reading and evaluation of the patents  310 . 
   Referring again to  FIG. 1 , after filling out input forms  302 ,  304  and  306  the user conducts an electronic search  202  of the USPTO patent database  200 . The USPTO database  200  is indexed according to standard patent fields  210 , which are listed in  FIG. 40 . The user can search the USPTO database  200  based on one or more of the standard patent fields  210 . In one example, an electronic search is conducted for an patents issued to a specific assignee in a given specific time period. The first patent field is the assignee name and the second is the year. The result of such an electronic search is a list of patents  220  which belong to the specified assignee and were issued on a specified date. In addition to a patent field, the USPTO database can also be searched via a “keyword”. In this case one or more keywords are formulated into a Boolean phrase and the database is searched for patents that contain the defined Boolean phrase. A user can also search the USPTO database via a “natural language” query described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,038,561, incorporated herein by reference. 
   Continuing to refer to  FIG. 1 , in the next step a filter  230  is applied to the list of patents  220 . Filter  230  is developed based on the information contained in the input form  302 . The result of filtering is a list of more relevant patents  500 . As was mentioned above, based on the information contained in the second input form  304  user-defined fields  300  are developed. The user-defined fields  300  are used to evaluate the list of relevant patents  500 . The evaluation  310  includes reading each patent and extracting information pertaining to the user defined fields  300 . These user-defined fields  300  are not directly described in the specifications of the relevant patents  500 . In some cases they are mentioned in the patents but in most cases they are inferred by the description of the invention. In one example, when a material is described to be processed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) it can be inferred that the capabilities needed to produce this material include a CVD reactor, expertise and equipment in high vacuum, specialty gases and scrubbing systems for poisonous gases. To conduct this type of evaluation  310  a knowledgeable individual reads and analyzes each patent in the group of relevant patents  500  and extracts information pertaining to each user-defined field  300  either directly or via inference. 
   In the next step a data value system (DVS)  502  receives the information pertaining to the specific patent field queries  250 , the information pertaining to the specific user-defined field queries  350  and the clustered patents  402  and enters them into a DVS database  510 . In one example the DVS database  510  is formulated as an Access™ type database provided by Microsoft Inc. An Access™ type database can accommodate a large number of documents and each document is allowed to have several fields. Information of predetermined types is entered into the fields and the information is accessed via a query based on the same predetermined fields. In addition to this type of field based query, the Access™ type database provides a query language so that a user can form relational inquires into the database. An example of a relational inquiry for database  510  includes a specific patent number “AND” a business driver field “FOR” a specific technology field. 
   Referring to  FIG. 30 , a screen shot of an Access™ type database  510  includes for each patent belonging to group  500  an index number  610 , the information for all the requested patent fields including, patent number  611 , issue date  612 , class  613 , subclass  614 , inventor names  615 , assignee name  616 , title  617 , abstract  618 , number of total claims  619 , number of independent claims  620 , number of citations  621 , number of citations originating not from the applicants  622 , number of content terms in first claim  623 , and number of content terms in exemplary claim (not shown). The database also includes the information for all the user-defined fields  300 , such as, core competency  530 , technology  531 , elements  532 , business drive  533 , product  534 , field of invention  535 , problems solved  536 , IP strategy  537 , priority  538 , invention type  626 , invention view  539  and novelty level (AIM)  540 . Each patent is also assigned a cluster number  624 . 
   Referring to  FIG. 42 , the information contained in the Access™ database  510  is used to construct an Excel™ type spreadsheet  650 . Spreadsheet  650  has columns  660  including all patent fields  651 , all user-defined fields  300  and all the values associated with the user-defined fields. The values are summed for each user defined field and the sums are displayed on the spreadsheet (not shown) and on the screen shot  625 , shown in  FIG. 30 . The Excel™ spreadsheet is used to construct Pivot™ Tables, Graphs and Patent Maps  504  and to analyze the data  506 , as shown in  FIG. 1 . Examples of analyses include a product analysis, a technology analysis, a business driver&#39;s analysis, a core competency analysis, a timing analysis, a silver bullet analysis, a claims analysis, a patent assessment tool analysis and a summary analysis. 
   Referring to  FIG. 31 , in one example, the IP space for electronic equipment manufactured by four competing companies, A, B, C and D is segmented by specific product type. The largest product segment includes patents on low noise operational amplifiers and company C occupies the majority space in this segment. The smallest product segment includes patents on bandgap temperature sensors and companies A and C are the two major competitors sharing this segment space. Other segments include patents on active filter, balanced mixer circuit, bipolar transistors, digital-analog converters, gating lateral transistor structure, multi stage resistive ladder, operational amplifiers (other than low noise or fixed gain), operational amplifiers with fixed gain, optically coupled isolator circuits, switches, voltage reference circuits and voltage regulators. 
   Referring to  FIG. 32 , in one example, the technology IP space of the same four major competitors A, B, C and D of  FIG. 31  is segmented by specific processes and technologies. The segments include analog circuitry design, BiCMOS analog process, Bipolar analog processes, CMOS analog processes, IC Package, logic circuitry design and semiconductor processes. The largest technology segment includes patents on analog circuitry design and companies A and C dominate this segment. The smallest technology segment includes patents on semiconductor processes and companies B and C dominate this segment. 
   Referring to  FIG. 33 , the business drivers of the same four major competitors A, B, C and D of  FIG. 31  include better performance, increase battery life, increase functionality, increase versatility, meet the new market needs, reduce cost, reduce power consumption, reduce size and weight. The main drivers are better performance, reduce power consumption, increase battery life and reduce cost. 
   Referring to  FIG. 34 , the core competencies of the same four major competitors A, B, C and D of  FIG. 31  include analog designer, device engineer, logic engineer, system engineer and process engineer. The main core competency for all four companies is the analog designer. 
   Referring to  FIG. 35 , a timing analysis of the same four major competitors A, B, C and D of  FIG. 31  indicates that the majority of the patents were issued in years 1998, 1999 and 2000 and the majority of these patents were granted to company D. Company B owns most of the patents issued in the early years from 1973 to 1982. Company B continues to patent inventions in this field, but not to the same extend as companies A, C and D. 
   Based on the analysis of the patent mapping results the IP space occupied by a company is mapped out in connection to the IP space occupied by other companies, the space occupied by its own products and the space occupied by other companies products. Referring to  FIG. 36 , the IP space of company A, represented by Venn diagram  802 , intersects the space where company A has products, represented by Venn diagram  808 , and is tangential to the IP spaces of company B IP space, represented by Venn diagram  806 . Company B IP space  806  intersects the space where company B has products, represented by Venn diagram  804  and the product space  804  is tangential to the IP space of company A  802 . However, the product space of company A  808  intersects both the IP space  806  and product space  804  of company B. The common area  810  between company A product space  808  and company B IP space  806  is called the dark space and indicates a space where company B has patents and company A has products which may violate company B&#39;s patent space. Dark space  810  identifies licensing opportunities for company B. Area  812  where company A has products but neither company A or company B have patents is called the gray space. Grey space  812  identifies opportunities for patenting for both company A and company B. 
   Referring to  FIG. 37 , company B&#39;s product space  804  intersects company A&#39;s IP space  802  and company B&#39;s IP space. The intersect space between company A′ IP space and company B&#39;s product space minus the space occupied by company B&#39;s IP space defines a green space  814  where company A has IP and company B has products violating company A&#39;s IP space. The green space  814  identifies licensing opportunities for company A. 
   Referring to  FIG. 38 , there is a fourth space area called white space, represented by Venn diagram  820  where no patents exist, but company A has a developed a capability, represented by Venn diagram  816  and there is a market need, represented by Venn diagram  818 . White space  820  identifies new opportunities for patenting for company A. 
   Referring to  FIG. 39 , an apparatus  850  for implementing the mapping process  100  includes a computer system  851 , connected to the Internet  862 . The computer system  851  includes a CPU unit  852 , a screen  854 , a keyboard  856 , and a mouse  858 . The CPU unit includes additional components of the computer system  851  (not shown) such as a processor, memory, a disk drive, a compact disc read only memory and an interface system for connecting to the Internet  862 . The USPTO has a Webpage  864  accessible via the Internet  862 . The USPTO Webpage  864  contains the searchable patent database  200 . A search query is send from the computer system  851  to the USPTO database  200 . The search results are received by the computer system  851  and entered in database  500  housed in the computer system  851 . The computer system  851  is part of a network (not shown) that includes other computer systems connected with each other and with computer system  851  so that database  500  can be shared and viewed simultaneously by several users. 
   In other embodiments the searchable database  200  of  FIG. 1  may be the European Patent Office (EPO) database, the Japanese Patent Office database or an international patent database. Database  200  may also contain publications, magazines, books, and websites. The many features and advantages of the present invention are apparent from the detailed specification, and, thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the described apparatus that follow the true spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those of skill in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation described herein. Moreover, the process and apparatus of the present invention, like related apparatus and processes used in medical applications tend to be complex in nature and are often best practiced by empirically determining the appropriate values of the operating parameters or by conducting computer simulations to arrive at a best design for a given application. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.