Abstract:
The invention provides ironless electrical machines with reducer of Eddy current losses (Eddy current reducer) that improves the performance of machine. In the electromechanical systems with ironless electrical machines, it greatly reduces the Eddy current losses in moving conductive part from stationary permanent magnets (or in stationary conductive part from moving magnets).

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The problem of Eddy current losses in the electromechanical systems with ironless electrical machines is well known. Some way for solving the problem is described in “Design and Test of an Ironless, Three Degree-of-Freedom, Magnetically Levitated. Linear Actuator with Moving Magnets” by J. V. Jansen, etc.—2005 IEEE International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives. For reduction of Eddy current losses the ceramic plate is used. The plate increase the distance between stationary and moving conductive part. This way is increasing electrical machine envelope. When using thick and strong magnets or go to high speed (several meter per second) the thickness of ceramic plate and therefore electrical machine envelope increase dramatically (the dimensions of ceramic plate can be several times more than original electrical machine envelope). 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0002]    FIG.  1 . 1 —Linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic plate. 
           [0003]    FIG.  1 . 2 —Linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic plate mounted on the table top. 
           [0004]    FIG.  1 . 3 —The invented construction of linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic plate and Eddy current reducer. 
           [0005]    FIG.  1 . 4 —The invented linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic plate and Eddy current reducer mounted on the table top. 
           [0006]    FIG.  2 —The Eddy current reducer (for flat linear machine) 
           [0007]    FIG.  3 . 1 —Linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils only. 
           [0008]    FIG.  3 . 2 —Linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils only mounted on the table top. 
           [0009]    FIG.  3 . 3 —The invented construction of linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and Eddy current reducer. 
           [0010]    FIG.  3 . 4 —The invented linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and Eddy current reducer mounted on the table top. 
           [0011]    FIG.  4 . 1 —Linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic plate and aluminum base. 
           [0012]    FIG.  4 . 2 —The invented construction of linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic plate, Eddy current reducer and aluminum base. 
           [0013]    FIG.  5 . 1 —Linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and aluminum base. 
           [0014]    FIG.  5 . 2 —The invented construction of linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, Eddy current reducer and aluminum base. 
           [0015]    FIG.  6 . 1 —Linear tube (magnet inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing. 
           [0016]    FIG.  6 . 2 —The invented construction of linear tube (magnet inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic, Eddy current reducer and aluminum housing. 
           [0017]    FIG.  7 —The Eddy current reducer (for tube linear machine). 
           [0018]    FIG.  8 . 1 —Linear tube (magnet inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and aluminum housing. 
           [0019]    FIG.  8 . 2 —Linear tube (magnet inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, Eddy current reducer and aluminum housing. 
           [0020]    FIG.  9 . 1 —Linear tube (coil inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing. 
           [0021]    FIG.  9 . 2 —Linear tube (coil inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic, Eddy current reducer and aluminum housing. 
           [0022]    FIG.  10 . 1 —Linear tube (coil inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and aluminum housing. 
           [0023]    FIG.  10 . 2 —Linear tube (coil inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, Eddy current reducer and aluminum housing. 
           [0024]    FIG.  11 . 1 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic. 
           [0025]    FIG.  11 . 2 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0026]    FIG.  11 . 3 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and Eddy current reducer. 
           [0027]    FIG.  11 . 4 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and Eddy current reducer mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0028]    FIG.  12 —The Eddy current reducer (for radial rotary machine). 
           [0029]    FIG.  13 . 1 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils only. 
           [0030]    FIG.  13 . 2 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils only mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0031]    FIG.  13 . 3 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils and Eddy current reducer. 
           [0032]    FIG.  13 . 4 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils and Eddy current reducer mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0033]    FIG.  14 . 1 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing. 
           [0034]    FIG.  14 . 2 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic Eddy current reducer and aluminum housing. 
           [0035]    FIG.  15 . 1 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils and aluminum housing. 
           [0036]    FIG.  15 . 2 —Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils, Eddy current reducer and aluminum housing. 
           [0037]    FIG.  16 . 1 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic. 
           [0038]    FIG.  16 . 2 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0039]    FIG.  16 . 3 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic Eddy current reducer. 
           [0040]    FIG.  16 . 4 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and Eddy current reducer mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0041]    FIG.  17 . 1 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils only. 
           [0042]    FIG.  17 . 2 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils only mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0043]    FIG.  17 . 3 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils and Eddy current reducer. 
           [0044]    FIG.  17 . 4 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils and Eddy current reducer mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0045]    FIG.  18 . 1 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing. 
           [0046]    FIG.  18 . 1 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic, aluminum housing and Eddy current reducer. 
           [0047]    FIG.  19 . 1 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils and aluminum housing. 
           [0048]    FIG.  19 . 2 —Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils, aluminum housing and Eddy current reducer. 
           [0049]    FIG.  20 . 1 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic. 
           [0050]    FIG.  20 . 2 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0051]    FIG.  20 . 3 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and Eddy current reducer. 
           [0052]    FIG.  20 . 4 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and Eddy current reducer mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0053]    FIG.  21 —The Eddy current reducer (for axial rotary machine). 
           [0054]    FIG.  22 . 1 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils only. 
           [0055]    FIG.  22 . 2 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils only mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0056]    FIG.  22 . 3 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils and Eddy current reducer. 
           [0057]    FIG.  22 . 4 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils and Eddy current reducer mounted to the custom housing. 
           [0058]    FIG.  23 . 1 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing. 
           [0059]    FIG.  23 . 2 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic, aluminum housing and Eddy current reducer. 
           [0060]    FIG.  24 . 1 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils and aluminum housing. 
           [0061]    FIG.  24 . 2 —Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils, aluminum housing and Eddy current reducer. 
       
    
    
     REFERENCE NUMERALS 
       [0000]    
       
           10 —ironless forcer that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic plate (flat linear machine) 
           11 —coils (flat linear machine) 
           12 —epoxy 
           14 —aluminum lamination or ceramic plate (flat linear machine) 
           16 —magnet track (flat linear machine) 
           18 —magnetic plate (flat linear machine) 
           20 —magnets (flat linear machine) 
           22 —ironless conductive table top 
           24 —Eddy current reducer (flat linear machine) 
           26 —ironless forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic plate and Eddy current reducer (flat linear machine) 
           28 —pieces of ferromagnetic material or compound 
           30 —non-magnetic spacers 
           32 —ironless forcer that includes coils only (flat linear machine) 
           38 —ironless forcer that includes coils and Eddy current reducer (flat linear machine) 
           40 —ironless forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic plate and aluminum base (flat linear machine) 
           42 —aluminum base (flat linear machine) 
           50 —ironless forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and housing (tube linear machine, magnets inside) 
           52 —coils (tube linear machine, magnets inside) 
           54 —aluminum lamination or ceramic (tube linear machine, magnets inside) 
           56 —housing (tube linear machine, magnets inside) 
           60 —magnet track (tube linear machine, magnets inside) 
           62 —forcer (tube linear machine, magnets inside) 
           64 —magnets (tube linear machine, magnets inside) 
           66 —ironless forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic, housing and Eddy current reducer (tube linear machine, magnets inside) 
           68 —Eddy current reducer (tube linear machine) 
           70 —pieces of ferromagnetic material or compound 
           72 —non-magnetic spacers 
           74 —ironless forcer that includes coils and housing (tube linear machine, magnets inside) 
           76 —ironless forcer that includes coils, housing and Eddy current reducer (tube linear machine, magnets inside) 
           78 —ironless forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and base (tube linear machine, coils inside) 
           80 —coils (tube linear machine, coils inside) 
           82 —epoxy 
           84 —aluminum lamination or ceramic (tube linear machine, coils inside) 
           86 —aluminum base (tube linear machine, coils inside) 
           88 —magnet track (tube linear machine, coils inside) 
           90 —magnets (tube linear machine, coils inside) 
           92 —housing (tube linear machine, coils inside) 
           94 —ironless forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic, base and Eddy current reducer (tube linear machine, coils inside) 
           96 —ironless forcer that includes coils and base (tube linear machine, coils inside) 
           98 —ironless forcer that includes coils, base and Eddy current reducer (tube linear machine, coils inside) 
           100 —ironless stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           102 —coils (rotary machine) 
           104 —epoxy 
           106 —stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           108 —internal rotor (rotary machine) 
           110 —bushing (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           112 —magnets (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           114 —custom housing (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           116 —ironless stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and Eddy current reducer (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           118 —Eddy current reducer (radial rotary machine) 
           119 —pieces of ferromagnetic material or compound 
           120 —non-magnetic spacers 
           121 —ironless stator that includes coils only (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           122 —ironless stator that includes coils and Eddy current reducer (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           124 —ironless stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           126 —aluminum housing (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           128 —ironless stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic, Eddy current reducer and aluminum housing (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           130 —ironless stator that includes coils and aluminum housing (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           132 —ironless stator that includes coils, Eddy current reducer and aluminum housing (rotary machine, internal rotor) 
           134 —ironless stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           136 —stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           138 —external rotor (rotary machine) 
           140 —bushing (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           142 —magnets (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           144 —custom housing (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           146 —ironless stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and Eddy current reducer (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           148 —ironless stator that includes coils only (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           150 —ironless stator that includes coils and Eddy current reducer (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           152 —ironless stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           154 —aluminum housing (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           156 —ironless stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic, Eddy current reducer and aluminum housing (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           158 —ironless stator that includes coils and aluminum housing (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           160 —ironless stator that includes coils, Eddy current reducer and aluminum housing (rotary machine, external rotor) 
           162 —ironless stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic (rotary axial machine) 
           164 —coils (rotary axial machine) 
           166 —epoxy 
           168 —stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic (rotary axial machine) 
           170 —rotor (rotary axial machine) 
           172 —magnetic plate (rotary axial machine) 
           174 —magnets (rotary axial machine) 
           176 —custom housing (rotary axial machine) 
           178 —ironless stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and Eddy current reducer (rotary axial machine) 
           180 —Eddy current reducer (rotary axial machine) 
           182 —pieces of ferromagnetic material or compound 
           184 —non-magnetic spacers 
           186 —ironless stator that includes coils only (rotary axial machine) 
           188 —ironless stator that includes coils and Eddy current reducer (rotary axial machine) 
           190 —ironless stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing (rotary axial machine) 
           192 —aluminum housing (rotary axial machine) 
           194 —ironless stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic, aluminum housing and Eddy current reducer (rotary axial machine) 
           196 —ironless stator that includes coils and aluminum housing (rotary axial machine) 
           198 —ironless stator that includes coils, aluminum housing and Eddy current reducer (rotary axial machine) 
       
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0154]    Linear Flat Ironless Electric Machine with Forcer that Includes Coils and Aluminum Lamination or Ceramic Plate. 
         [0155]    Linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic plate is shown on  FIG. 1.1 . Ironless forcer  10  consists of coils  11  encapsulated in epoxy  12  and stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic plate  14 . Magnet track  16  consists of magnetic plate  18  and magnets  20 . Eddy current losses in forcer are very low. 
         [0156]    However the forcer needs to be mounted to mechanical structure ( FIG. 1.2 ). When forcer is mounted to the table top  22  (usually made of conductive material, for example, aluminum) the Eddy current losses will occur in the table top. 
         [0157]    The invented linear flat ironless electric machine construction includes forcer  26  consisted of coils  11  encapsulated in epoxy  12 , stack of aluminum lamination or ceramic plate  14  and Eddy current reducer  24  ( FIG. 1.3 ). The reducer is installed on the forcer of ironless electric machine at the side opposite to magnets (or between conductive part, where eddy current losses are occurring and coils with aluminum lamination and/or ceramic). Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the table top. 
         [0158]    The Eddy current reducer for flat linear machine is shown on  FIG. 2 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  28  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  30 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0159]    The invented design of linear flat ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant magnetic attraction and cogging. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in table top  22  ( FIG. 1.4 ). 
         [0000]    Linear Flat Ironless Electric Machine with Forcer that Includes Coils Only. 
         [0160]    Linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils only is shown on  FIG. 3.1 . Ironless forcer  32  consists of coils  11  encapsulated in epoxy  12 . Magnet track  16  consists of magnetic plate  18  and magnets  20 . Eddy current losses in forcer are very low. 
         [0161]    However the forcer needs to be mounted to mechanical structure ( FIG. 3.2 ). When forcer is mounted to the table top  22  (usually made of conductive material, for example, aluminum) the Eddy current losses will occur in the table top. 
         [0162]    The invented linear flat ironless electric machine construction includes forcer  38  consisted of coils  11  encapsulated in epoxy  12  and Eddy current reducer  24  ( FIG. 3.3 ). The reducer is installed on the forcer of ironless electric machine at the side opposite to magnets (or between conductive part, where eddy current losses are occurring and coils). Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the table top. 
         [0163]    The Eddy current reducer for flat linear machine is shown on  FIG. 2 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  28  divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  30 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0164]    The invented design of linear flat ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant magnetic attraction and cogging. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in table top  22  ( FIG. 3.4 ). 
         [0000]    Linear Flat Ironless Electric Machine with Forcer that Includes Coils, Aluminum Lamination or Ceramic Plate and Aluminum Base. 
         [0165]    Linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic plate and aluminum base is shown on  FIG. 4.1 . Ironless forcer  40  consists of coils  11  encapsulated in epoxy  12 , stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic plate  14  and aluminum base  42 . Magnet track  16  consists of magnetic plate  18  and magnets  20 . During machine moving the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum base. 
         [0166]    The invented linear flat ironless electric machine construction includes forcer  44  consisted of coils  11  encapsulated in epoxy  12 , stack of aluminum lamination or ceramic plate  14 , aluminum base  42  and Eddy current reducer  24  ( FIG. 4.2 ). The reducer is installed into the forcer of ironless electric machine between aluminum base, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils with aluminum lamination and/or ceramic. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum base. 
         [0167]    The Eddy current reducer for flat linear machine is shown on  FIG. 2 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  28  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  30 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0168]    The invented design of linear flat ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant magnetic attraction and cogging. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in the aluminum base  42 . 
         [0000]    Linear Flat Ironless Electric Machine with Forcer that Includes Coils and Aluminum Base. 
         [0169]    Linear flat ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and aluminum base is shown on  FIG. 5.1 . Ironless forcer  46  consists of coils  11  encapsulated in epoxy  12  and aluminum base  42 . Magnet track  16  consists of magnetic plate  18  and magnets  20 . During machine moving the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum base. 
         [0170]    The invented linear flat ironless electric machine construction includes forcer  48  consisted of coils  11  encapsulated in epoxy  12 , aluminum base  42  and Eddy current reducer  24  ( FIG. 5.2 ). The reducer is installed into the forcer of ironless electric machine between aluminum base, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils with aluminum lamination and/or ceramic. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum base. 
         [0171]    The Eddy current reducer for flat linear machine is shown on  FIG. 2 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  28  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  30 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0172]    The invented design of linear flat ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy current (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant magnetic attraction and togging. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in the aluminum base  42 . 
         [0000]    Linear Tube (Magnet Inside) Ironless Electric Machine with Forcer that Includes Coils, Aluminum Lamination or Ceramic and Aluminum Housing. 
         [0173]    Linear tube (magnet inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing is shown on  FIG. 6.1 . Ironless forcer  50  consists of coils  52 , stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic  54  and aluminum housing  56 . Magnet track  60  consists of magnets  62  placed inside tube  64 . During machine moving the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum housing. 
         [0174]    The invented linear tube (magnet inside) ironless electric machine construction includes forcer  66  consisted of coils  52 , stack of aluminum lamination or ceramic  54 , aluminum housing  56 , and Eddy current reducer  68  ( FIG. 6.2 ). The reducer is installed inside the forcer of ironless electric machine between aluminum housing, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils with aluminum lamination and/or ceramic. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum housing. 
         [0175]    The Eddy current reducer for tube linear machine is shown on  FIG. 7 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  70  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  72 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0176]    The invented design of linear tube (magnet inside) ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant coping. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in the aluminum housing  56 . 
         [0000]    Linear Tube (Magnet Inside) Ironless Electric Machine with Forcer that Includes Coils and Aluminum Housing. 
         [0177]    Linear tube (magnet inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and aluminum housing is shown on  FIG. 8.1 . Ironless forcer  74  consists of coils  52  and aluminum housing  56 . Magnet track  60  consists of magnets  62  placed inside tube  64 . During machine moving the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum housing. 
         [0178]    The invented linear tube (magnet inside) ironless electric machine construction includes forcer  76  consisted of coils  52 , aluminum housing  56 , and Eddy current reducer  68  ( FIG. 8.2 ). The reducer is installed inside the forcer of ironless electric machine between aluminum housing, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum housing. 
         [0179]    The Eddy current reducer for tube linear machine is shown on  FIG. 7 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  70  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  72 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0180]    The invented design of linear tube (magnet inside) ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant cogging. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in the aluminum housing  56 . 
         [0000]    Linear Tube (Coil Inside) Ironless Electric Machine with Forcer that Includes Coils, Aluminum Lamination or Ceramic and Aluminum Base. 
         [0181]    Linear tube (coil inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum base is shown on  FIG. 9.1 . Ironless forcer  78  consists of coils  80  encapsulated in epoxy  82 , stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic  84  and aluminum base  86 . Magnet track  88  consists of magnets  90  placed inside housing  92 . During machine moving the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum base. 
         [0182]    The invented linear tube (coil inside) ironless electric machine construction includes forcer  94  consisted of coils  80  encapsulated in epoxy  82 , stack of aluminum lamination or ceramic  84 , aluminum base  86 , and Eddy current reducer  68  ( FIG. 9.2 ). The reducer is installed inside the forcer of ironless electric machine between aluminum base, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils with aluminum lamination and/or ceramic. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum base. 
         [0183]    The Eddy current reducer for tube linear machine is shown on  FIG. 7 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  70  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  72 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0184]    The invented design of linear tube (coil inside) ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant coping. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in the aluminum base  86 . 
         [0000]    Linear Tube (Coil Inside) Ironless Electric Machine with Forcer that Includes Coils and Aluminum Base. 
         [0185]    Linear tube (coil inside) ironless electric machine with forcer that includes coils and aluminum base is shown on  FIG. 10.1 . Ironless forcer  96  consists of coils  80  encapsulated in epoxy  82  and aluminum base  86 . Magnet track  88  consists of magnets  90  placed inside housing  92 . During machine moving the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum base. 
         [0186]    The invented linear tube (coil inside) ironless electric machine construction includes forcer  98  consisted of coils  80  encapsulated in epoxy  82 , aluminum base  86 , and Eddy current reducer  68  ( FIG. 102 ). The reducer is installed inside the forcer of ironless electric machine between aluminum base, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum base. 
         [0187]    The Eddy current reducer for tube linear machine is shown on  FIG. 7 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  70  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  72 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0188]    The invented design of linear tube (coil inside) ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant cogging. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in the aluminum base  86 . 
         [0000]    Rotary Ironless Electric Machine with Internal Rotor and Stator that Includes Coils and Aluminum Lamination or Ceramic. 
         [0189]    Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic is shown on  FIG. 11.1 . Ironless stator  100  consists of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104  and stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic  106 . Internal rotor  108  consists of bushing  110  and magnets  112 . Eddy current losses in stator are very low. 
         [0190]    However the stator needs to be mounted to custom housing ( FIG. 11.2 ). When stator is mounted to the custom housing  114  (usually made of conductive material, for example, aluminum) the Eddy current losses will occur in the housing. 
         [0191]    The invented rotary ironless electric machine construction includes stator  116  consisted of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104 , stack of aluminum lamination or ceramic plate  106  and Eddy current reducer  118  ( FIG. 11.3 ). The reducer is installed over the stator of ironless electric machine between conductive part, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils with aluminum lamination and/or ceramic. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the custom housing. 
         [0192]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary machine is shown on  FIG. 12 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  119  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  120 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0193]    The invented design of rotary ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in custom housing  114  ( FIG. 11.4 ). 
         [0000]    Rotary Ironless Electric Machine with Internal Rotor and Stator that Includes Coils Only. 
         [0194]    Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils only is shown on  FIG. 13.1 . Ironless stator  121  consists of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104 . Internal rotor  108  consists of bushing  110  and magnets  112 . Eddy current losses in stator are very low. 
         [0195]    However the stator needs to be mounted to custom housing ( FIG. 13.2 ). When stator is mounted to the custom housing  114  (usually made of conductive material, for example, aluminum) the Eddy current losses will occur in the housing. 
         [0196]    The invented rotary ironless electric machine construction includes stator  122  consisted of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104  and Eddy current reducer  118  ( FIG. 13.3 ). The reducer is installed over the stator of ironless electric machine between conductive part, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the custom housing. 
         [0197]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary machine is shown on  FIG. 12 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  119  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  120 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0198]    The invented design of rotary ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in custom housing  114  ( FIG. 13.4 ). 
         [0000]    Rotary Ironless Electric Machine with Internal Rotor and Stator that Includes Coils, Aluminum Lamination or Ceramic and Aluminum Housing. 
         [0199]    Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing is shown on  FIG. 14.1 . Ironless stator  124  consists of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104 , aluminum lamination or ceramic  106  and aluminum housing  126 . Internal rotor  108  consists of bushing  110  and magnets  112 . During machine rotating the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum housing. 
         [0200]    The invented rotary ironless electric machine construction includes stator  128  consisted of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104 , aluminum lamination or ceramic  106 , aluminum housing  126  and Eddy current reducer  118  ( FIG. 14.2 ). The reducer is installed inside the stator of ironless electric machine between aluminum housing, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils with aluminum lamination and/or ceramic. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum housing. 
         [0201]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary machine is shown on  FIG. 12 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  119  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  120 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0202]    The invented design of rotary ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in aluminum housing  126 . 
         [0000]    Rotary Ironless Electric Machine with Internal Rotor and Stator that Includes Coils and Aluminum Housing. 
         [0203]    Rotary ironless electric machine with internal rotor and stator that includes coils and aluminum housing is shown on  FIG. 15.1 . Ironless stator  130  consists of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104  and aluminum housing  126 . Internal rotor  108  consists of bushing  110  and magnets  112 . During machine rotating the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum housing. 
         [0204]    The invented rotary ironless electric machine construction includes stator  132  consisted of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104 , aluminum housing  126  and Eddy current reducer  118  ( FIG. 15.2 ). The reducer is installed inside the stator of ironless electric machine between aluminum housing, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum housing. 
         [0205]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary machine is shown on  FIG. 12 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  119  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  120 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0206]    The invented design of rotary ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in aluminum housing  126 . 
         [0000]    Rotary Ironless Electric Machine with External Rotor and Stator that Includes Coils and Aluminum Lamination or Ceramic. 
         [0207]    Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic is shown on  FIG. 16.1 . Ironless stator  134  consists of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104  and stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic  136 . External rotor  138  consists of bushing  140  and magnets  142 . Eddy current losses in stator are very low. 
         [0208]    However the stator needs to be mounted to custom housing ( FIG. 16.2 ). When stator is mounted to the custom housing  144  (usually made of conductive material, for example, aluminum) the Eddy current losses will occur in the housing. 
         [0209]    The invented rotary ironless electric machine construction includes stator  146  consisted of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104 , stack of aluminum lamination or ceramic plate  136  and Eddy current reducer  118  ( FIG. 16.3 ). The reducer is installed inside the stator of ironless electric machine between conductive part, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils with aluminum lamination and/or ceramic. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the custom housing. 
         [0210]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary machine is shown on  FIG. 12 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  119  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  120 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0211]    The invented design of rotary ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in custom housing  144  ( FIG. 16.4 ). 
         [0000]    Rotary Ironless Electric Machine with External Rotor and Stator that Includes Coils Only. 
         [0212]    Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils only is shown on  FIG. 17.1 . Ironless stator  148  consists of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104 . External rotor  138  consists of bushing  140  and magnets  142 . Eddy current losses in stator are very low. 
         [0213]    However the stator needs to be mounted to custom housing ( FIG. 17.2 ). When stator is mounted to the custom housing  144  (usually made of conductive material, for example, aluminum) the Eddy current losses will occur in the housing. 
         [0214]    The invented rotary ironless electric machine construction includes stator  150  consisted of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104  and Eddy current reducer  118  ( FIG. 17.3 ). The reducer is installed inside the stator of ironless electric machine between conductive part, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the custom housing. 
         [0215]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary machine is shown on  FIG. 12 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  119  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  120 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0216]    The invented design of rotary ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in custom housing  144  ( FIG. 17.4 ). 
         [0000]    Rotary Ironless Electric Machine with External Rotor and Stator that Includes Coils, Aluminum Lamination or Ceramic and Aluminum Housing. 
         [0217]    Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing is shown on  FIG. 18.1 . Ironless stator  152  consists of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104 , aluminum lamination or ceramic  136  and aluminum housing  154 . External rotor  138  consists of bushing  140  and magnets  142 . During machine rotating the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum housing. 
         [0218]    The invented rotary ironless electric machine construction includes stator  156  consisted of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104 , aluminum lamination or ceramic  136 , aluminum housing  154  and Eddy current reducer  118  ( FIG. 18.2 ). The reducer is installed inside the stator of ironless electric machine between aluminum housing, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils with aluminum lamination and/or ceramic. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum housing. 
         [0219]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary machine is shown on  FIG. 12 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  119  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  120 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0220]    The invented design of rotary ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in aluminum housing  154 . 
         [0000]    Rotary Ironless Electric Machine with External Rotor and Stator that Includes Coils and Aluminum Housing. 
         [0221]    Rotary ironless electric machine with external rotor and stator that includes coils and aluminum housing is shown on  FIG. 19.1 . Ironless stator  158  consists of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104  and aluminum housing  154 . External rotor  138  consists of bushing  140  and magnets  142 . During machine rotating the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum housing. 
         [0222]    The invented rotary ironless electric machine construction includes stator  160  consisted of coils  102  encapsulated in epoxy  104 , aluminum housing  154  and Eddy current reducer  118  ( FIG. 19.2 ). The reducer is installed inside the stator of ironless electric machine between aluminum housing, where Eddy current losses are occurring and coils. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum housing. 
         [0223]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary machine is shown on  FIG. 12 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  119  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  120 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0224]    The invented design of rotary ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in aluminum housing  154 . 
         [0000]    Rotary Axial Ironless Electric Machine with Stator that Includes Coils and Aluminum Lamination or Ceramic. 
         [0225]    Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils and aluminum lamination or ceramic is shown on  FIG. 20.1 . Ironless stator  162  consists of coils  164  encapsulated in epoxy  166  and stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic  168 . Rotor  170  consists of magnet plate  172  and magnets  174 . Eddy current losses in stator are very low. 
         [0226]    However the stator needs to be mounted to custom housing ( FIG. 20.2 ). When stator is mounted to the custom housing  176  (usually made of conductive material, for example, aluminum) the Eddy current losses will occur in the custom housing. 
         [0227]    The invented rotary axial ironless electric machine construction includes stator  178  consisted of coils  164  encapsulated in epoxy  166 , stack of aluminum lamination or ceramic plate  168  and Eddy current reducer  180  ( FIG. 20.3 ). The reducer is installed on the stator of ironless electric machine at the side opposite to magnets (or between conductive part, where eddy current losses are occurring and coils with aluminum lamination and/or ceramic). Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the custom housing. 
         [0228]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary axial machine is shown on  FIG. 21 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  182  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  184 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0229]    The invented design of rotary axial ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant attraction. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in custom housing  176  ( FIG. 20.4 ). 
         [0000]    Rotary Axial Ironless Electric Machine with Stator that Includes Coils Only. 
         [0230]    Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils only is shown on  FIG. 22.1 . Ironless stator  186  consists of coils  164  encapsulated in epoxy  166 . Rotor  170  consists of magnet plate  172  and magnets  174 . Eddy current losses in stator are very low. 
         [0231]    However the stator needs to be mounted to custom housing ( FIG. 22.2 ). When stator is mounted to the custom housing  176  (usually made of conductive material, for example, aluminum) the Eddy current losses will occur in the custom housing. 
         [0232]    The invented rotary axial ironless electric machine construction includes stator  188  consisted of coils  164  encapsulated in epoxy  166  and Eddy current reducer  180  ( FIG. 22.3 ). The reducer is installed on the stator of ironless electric machine at the side opposite to magnets (or between conductive part, where eddy current losses are occurring and coils). Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the custom housing. 
         [0233]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary axial machine is shown on  FIG. 21 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  182  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  184 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0234]    The invented design of rotary axial ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant attraction. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in custom housing  176  ( FIG. 22.4 ). 
         [0000]    Rotary Axial Ironless Electric Machine with Stator that Includes Coils, Aluminum Lamination or Ceramic and Aluminum Housing. 
         [0235]    Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils, aluminum lamination or ceramic and aluminum housing is shown on  FIG. 23.1 . Ironless stator  190  consists of coils  164  encapsulated in epoxy  166 , stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic  168  and aluminum housing  192 . Rotor  170  consists of magnet plate  172  and magnets  174 . During machine rotating the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum housing. 
         [0236]    The invented rotary axial ironless electric machine construction includes stator  194  consisted of coils  164  encapsulated in epoxy  166 , stack of aluminum laminations or ceramic  168 , aluminum housing  192  and Eddy current reducer  180  ( FIG. 23.2 ). The reducer is installed into the stator of ironless electric machine between aluminum housing, where eddy current losses are occurring and coils with aluminum lamination and/or ceramic. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum housing. 
         [0237]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary axial machine is shown on  FIG. 21 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  182  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  184 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0238]    The invented design of rotary axial ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant attraction. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in aluminum housing  192 . 
         [0000]    Rotary Axial Ironless Electric Machine with Stator that Includes Coils and Aluminum Housing. 
         [0239]    Rotary axial ironless electric machine with stator that includes coils and aluminum housing is shown on  FIG. 24.1 . Ironless stator  196  consists of coils  164  encapsulated in epoxy  166  and aluminum housing  192 . Rotor  170  consists of magnet plate  172  and magnets  174 . During machine rotating the Eddy current losses will occur in the aluminum housing. 
         [0240]    The invented rotary axial ironless electric machine construction includes stator  198  consisted of coils  164  encapsulated in epoxy  166 , aluminum housing  192  and Eddy current reducer  180  ( FIG. 24.2 ). The reducer is installed into the stator of ironless electric machine between aluminum housing, where eddy current losses are occurring and coils. Reducer prevents Eddy current losses in the aluminum housing. 
         [0241]    The Eddy current reducer for rotary axial machine is shown on  FIG. 21 . It is made of one or more assembled or solid pieces of oriented or non-oriented ferromagnetic material or compound (any shape, form, configuration or structure, solid or from parts, examples—sheets with or without holes, net, grid, bars, strips, etc.). Ferromagnetic pieces  182  are divided one from another by non-magnetic spacers  184 . The thickness of pieces is 0.010-1.0 mm each (or other depending on applications). The exact dimensions and quantity of pieces depend on electromechanical design and are subject for optimization. 
         [0242]    The invented design of rotary axial ironless electric machine not only reduces the module of magnetic field in conductive part but it also greatly reduces the normal component of magnetic field which creates Eddy currents (thereby the tangential component may increase but it do not create Eddy currents). Due to this feature, the very thin and magnetically saturated eddy current reducer has insignificant attraction. The Eddy current reducer finally reduces eddy current losses in aluminum housing  192 .