Abstract:
An automated system for vending airline tickets to credit card purchasers based upon reservation data stored in a central host computer, without the intervention of any ticket agents. A plurality of remote ticket terminals each include a credit card reader, video monitor, ticket printer, local computer, and an interface for permitting communication with the host computer. The local computer of each terminal reads data from an inserted credit card and causes the video monitor to display alphanumeric and graphic inquiries to the purchaser regarding the passenger&#39;s reservation. The CRT of the video monitor is provided with touch input mechanisms for enabling the passenger to respond to the inquiries by placing a finger on a visual response target. The local computer interrogates the host computer to determine the purchaser&#39;s reservation data and displays the reservation data on the CRT for confirmation by the purchaser. Upon confirmation, the local computer causes the ticket printer to generate and dispense a corresponding ticket and sends a transaction report to the host computer for immediate revenue accounting.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to automatic ticket dispensing equipment, and more particularly, to a passenger self-ticketing system particularly adapted for vending airline tickets based upon reservation data stored in a central host computer. 
     For some time, commercial airlines have stored passenger reservation data in a central host computer. Ticket issuing has required that a ticket agent interrogate the host computer from a CRT/keyboard input terminal to confirm the reservation and to thereafter receive payment. The principal drawback of this approach is that it is simply too slow, and consequently, long lines of passengers waiting to purchase their tickets are a common sight in many airline terminals. 
     More recently, Cubic Western Data, the assignee of the present application, has introduced a self-service passenger ticketing system to commercial airlines. That system, which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,247,759, comprises a plurality of microprocessor controlled terminals, each of which communicates with a central credit computer, but not with a central computer storing reservation information. Each of the terminals has a credit card reader, a modem, destination selection buttons, and a printer. The issuing of a ticket by each terminal is conditional only upon the passage of status checks and the passage of a credit check. No reservation interrogation is required. The self-service passenger ticketing system of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,247,759 is well adapted for issuing tickets for flights in high capacity corridors, such as New York to Washington, D.C. Many commuters who travel such corridors purchase tickets shortly before their desired flights and are able to board airplanes without reservations. 
     Also of interest in this field are U.S. Pat. No. 3,445,633; U.S. Pat. No. 3,622,995; and U.S. Pat. No. 3,750,103. They disclose a variety of complex on-line data processing systems for simultaneously handling passenger reservation, ticketing and boarding functions. In general the systems disclosed in these patents include a large central processor and an addressable data store for reservation and customer account information. 
     It would be desirable to provide a passenger self-ticketing system for vending airline tickets based upon reservation data stored in a central host computer. Preferably such a system would incorporate a highly adaptable audio-visual interactive display system for leading the passenger through a series of steps to locate and confirm reservation data prior to printing and dispensing a ticket. Preferably the system would be credit card operated since an every increasing number of airline tickets are purchased by credit card. In addition, preferably the system would immediately report transaction data to the central host computer to thereby reduce the cost of credit card charge float. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore the primary object of the present invention to provide an improved passenger self-ticketing system for vending airline tickets based upon reservation data stored in a central host computer. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide a self-ticketing system of the aforementioned type which utilizes an audio-visual interactive display system for leading the passenger through a series of steps that will locate the reservation data, confirm the same, and issue a ticket based upon the reservation data. 
     Still another object of the present invention is to provide a self-ticketing system of the aforementioned type which will immediately report transactions to the host computer to thereby reduce the cost of credit card charge float. 
     Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a self-ticketing system of the aforementioned type which includes a CRT equipped with a touch panel input. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a self-ticketing system of the aforementioned type in which changes in fare levels can be made at the central host computer and down loaded to all self-ticketing system terminals simultaneously. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a self-ticketing system of the aformentioned type in which transaction reports can also be stored locally. 
     Still another object of the present invention is to provide a self-ticketing system of the aforementioned type which does not have destination selection buttons and other physical features which must be configured for a particular airlines, but instead utilizes pre-programmed scenarios which are displayed on a CRT and which may be easily and quickly adapted to meet the particular needs of different airlines. 
     Accordingly, the illustrated embodiment of the present invention provides an automated system for vending airline tickets to credit card purchasers based upon reservation data stored in a central host computer, without the intervention of any ticket agents. A plurality of remote ticket terminals each include a credit card reader, video monitor, ticket printer, local computer, and an interface for permitting communication with the host computer. The local computer of each terminal reads data from an inserted credit card and causes the video monitor to display alphanumeric and graphic inquiries to the purchaser regarding the passenger&#39;s reservation. The CRT of the video monitor is provided with touch input mechanisms for enabling the passenger to respond to the inquiries by placing a finger on a visual response target. The local computer interrogates the host computer to determine the purchaser&#39;s reservation data and displays the reservation data on the CRT for confirmation by the purchaser. Upon confirmation, the local computer causes the ticket printer to generate and dispense a corresponding ticket and sends a transaction report to the host computer for immediate revenue accounting. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of one of the ticket terminals of the present invention, illustrating internal components in phantom lines. 
     FIG. 2 is a pictorial diagram illustrating the relationship of the components of the terminal of FIG. 1 to the central host computer. 
     FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the terminal illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. 
     FIGS. 4-6 are a flow chart illustrating representative sequential displays depicted on the monitor of the terminal of FIGS. 1-3 in order to locate passenger reservation data and issue a ticket. 
     FIG. 7 depicts a typical communications protocol and sample message prosigns which may be used by the terminal of FIGS. 1-3 to communicate with the central host computer. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The self-ticketing system of the present invention includes a plurality of electro-mechanical ticket terminals 10 (FIG. 1). These terminals are placed at locations that are convenient to potential ticket purchasers. For example, they may be placed adjacent conventional agent manned ticket counters in airports. The ticket terminals each communicate with a central host computer 12 (FIG. 2) where passenger reservation data, credit information and transaction reports are stored. Most major airlines already have such host computer systems which are typically interconnected with a plurality of agent operated CRT/keyboard input terminals (not shown). 
     Each of the ticket terminals 10 of the present invention includes an upright cabinet 14 (FIG. 1) which houses various operative components of the monitor. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, these include a printer/cutter module 16, a printer power supply 18 and a logic power supply 20. In addition, various processing electronics are mounted on PC boards 22 (FIG. 2) which are mounted in a card cage 24. 
     The printer/cutter module 16 may be a TALLY M-78. That unit is a forms access printer fitted with a ticket shear. Its printer is an 80-column, row-printing device with a font of dot-matrix formed characters. The dispensed ticket may be delivered through a ticket chute 25 on the front of the cabinet. 
     Ticket delivery is accomplished immediately after printing and cutting are completed and the credit card removed. The latter action unlocks the cover on the ticket bin to allow ticket removal. Recognized malfunctions that predicate ticket retention will put the terminal out of service, and the ticket purchaser will be advised through a message on the CRT 30 to seek the assistance of a ticket agent. 
     The cabinet 14 (FIG. 1) is provided with an inclined face panel 26. A video monitor 28 is supported within the cabinet so that its CRT 30 is visible through a cutout region in the face panel 26. A hood 32 projects from the periphery of the face panel 26 to reduce glare and thereby better enable a ticket purchaser to view displays generated on the monitor 28. By way of example, the video monitor 28 may be a color type having a thirteen inch diagonal screen and a speaker for transmitting audible tones, hereinafter described. One suitable color monitor is available from ZENITH CORPORATION. 
     A credit card reader 33 (FIG. 1) is mounted in a slot in the face panel 26 so that a ticket purchaser can readily insert his or her credit card therein. One suitable credit card reader is the VERTEL CR 21 semi-capture type card reader. This type of card reader has a moving head and allows the ticket purchaser to keep his or her credit card in view at all times. A card present sensor (not shown) is used to generate card error messages and may be programmed to cancel and reset the terminal if the card is removed before the transaction is completed. The credit card reader motor is under the control of a local computer mounted within the terminal. This enables multiple read attempts by the card reader, if required. 
     The video monitor 28 is capable of displaying standard external television video as well as internal alphanumeric characters and graphics digitally generated by the processing electronics of the terminal. The video display may be used for advertising between ticket sales. When the machine is actually used by a passenger, alphanumeric and graphic information is displayed on the CRT 30 in order to instruct the passenger in the use of the machine. In use, the generated display consists of a series of inquiries designed to prompt passenger input. 
     Passenger response to the displayed inquiries is made through the utilization of a touch input device 34 (FIG. 2) associated with the CRT 30. Specifically, the passenger is able to respond to an inquiry by placing the end of his or her index finger in contact with the CRT over a visual response target displayed on the CRT next to a possible answer. By way of example, the touch panel device 34 may consist of a series of infrared emitters and receivers mounted around the periphery of the face of the CRT 30. These sensors are capable of locating an input position with an accuracy of, for example, within one-tenth of an inch. An infrared emitter mounted on one side edge of the CRT face transmits a beam to a receiver mounted on the opposite side edge of the CRT face. When a finger breaks this beam a certain X or Y access position is determined. 
     As illustrated in FIG. 2, the infrared emitters and receivers define an X/Y coordinate grid of beams which may be used to precisely locate the position of a finger placed on the face of the CRT. The rows of infrared emitters and receivers which are positioned adjacent the side edges of the face of the CRT are indicated with the reference numerals 36 and 38 in FIG. 2. The grid of beams is indicated by the reference numeral 40 in FIG. 2. One suitable touch panel input device of the aforementioned type is manufactured by CARROLL. Other suitable touch panel input means may be utilized, such as those employing ultrasonic components or those employing elastomers over the face of the CRT. 
     Since there is no tactile feedback to the passenger, an audible &#34;beep&#34; tone, together with a change in the display is used to acknowledge an input. The video monitor 28 preferably includes an audio amplifer and speaker to produce the audible tones during the ticket purchasing operation in response to signals from the processing electronics. 
     A functional block diagram of the electronics of the terminal 10 is illustrated in FIG. 3. The terminal 10 includes a local computer or CPU 42 which preferably comprises multibus circuit boards using the INTEL 8080 family of integrated circuits. The CPU is provided with 16K of basic program PROM memory 44, along with 8K of alterable data in EEPROM 46. Four kilobytes of RAM 48 are protected for electronic register and transaction-pending data. Peripheral units are supported through RS 232 serial communications interfacing devices. As shown in the block diagram, serial ports are available for a variety of options for monitoring transactions and controlling separate printing devices. These include an optional boarding pass printer 50, audit printer 52, cassette 54, and bar code reader 56. 
     Special interfaces 58 (FIG. 3) are provided between the CPU 42 and the various peripheral devices. For example, a type 8741 printer control may be utilized between the CPU and the ticket printer 16. The special interfaces 58 may further include a type 8741 card reader interface, a type 8251A touch panel interface, a type AY-3-8912 sound generator, a non-volatile RAM and a VCR interface. 
     The terminal 10 communicates with the central host computer 12 through a universal peripheral interface 60 having its own CPU, RAM, ROM, and programmable communications interface capable of supporting data transfer rates of up to, for example, 9600 baud. Together, these devices provide a pseudo terminal and buffering compatible with the communications net speeds, procedures, and protocols of typical host computers already in use by commercial airlines for storing reservation data and other information. 
     The CPU 42 includes circuitry for generating the graphics and alphanumerics which are displayed on the monitor 22. By way of example, the CPU may include a TMS 9918 video generator available from TEXAS INSTRUMENTS along with a suitable video memory. 
     A source listing of a representative operational program which may be stored in the memory of the CPU 42 is set forth hereafter in Table I. ##SPC1## ##SPC2## ##SPC3## ##SPC4## ##SPC5## ##SPC6## ##SPC7## 
     Having described the overall architecture of the system of the present invention, its operation can now be described. The passenger who will utilize the system is one who has arrived at the airport with reservations already made in advance, but who has not been ticketed and who will pay by credit card. He will obtain his ticket through one of the terminals 10 of the system, and may, as an option, obtain his initial boarding pass/seat selection through the terminal. If his reservation data stored in the host computer indicates advance seat selection, he may receive his initial boarding pass as his ticket is issued. 
     Each of the terminals 10 interacts with the host computer system 12 (FIGS. 1 and 2) through a normal communication links, such as modems coupled to telephone lines. To the host computer, each of the remote terminals 10 of the system will appear similar to conventional CRT/keyboard input terminals operated by agents of limited ability to interpret service messages. 
     In addition to the normal communications between each of the terminals and the host computer, each of the terminals 10 of the system is supported locally by protected read/write memory and may incorporate an optional audit tape cassette 54 (FIG. 3) for recording transaction reports locally. 
     The passenger initates the ticket purchasing sequence by inserting a magnetically-encoded credit card into the credit card reader 33 (FIG. 1). The CPU 42 records the passenger name and other credit card information including the type of credit card (e.g., VISA or MASTERCARD). Remaining Passenger Name Record (PNR) data required for look-up and possible interpretation of a Similar Name List (SNL) are obtained by a sequence of inquiries presented in alphanumeric form on the CRT 30. A typical scenario of inquiries is illustrated in the flow chart of FIGS. 4-6. In this flow chart the rectangles represent the face of the CRT 30 and the information within the rectangles is that which is displayed on the CRT. Each inquiry may include alphanumeric information and graphic information. 
     The inquiries displayed on the CRT have a number of visual response targets such as the matrix 62 of letters and numerals in FIG. 4. The passenger touches a target area on the CRT to indicate a response. The particular target area which is touched is detected by the CPU 42 through the touch panel device 34 (FIG. 2). At the same time, the CPU 42 causes the generation of an audible tone to indicate to the passenger that the response has been received. 
     When the flight number and date of a passenger&#39;s itinerary have been entered, the CPU 42 composes and sends a PNR search request to the host system. The CPU 42 then expects to receive either a single PNR or an abbreviated SNL. If the PNR message is received, the CPU 42 will cause the reservation data to be displayed by the monitor and will ask for confirmation by the passenger as indicated on the screen 64 in FIG. 5. 
     If a SNL is received, the CPU 42 will attempt to isolate the desired PNR by comparing the surname, and first-leg station pairs. If it succeeds, the CPU 42 will display the reservation data on the CRT and ask for passenger confirmation. Otherwise the CPU 42 will direct the passenger to a ticket agent. 
     Once the passenger confirms the reservation data, the host computer is given a &#34;print ticket&#34; command. The ticket or tickets described by the PNR are formated, downloaded to the printer, printed, and issued to the passenger, whose credit card is charged for the transaction. The CPU 42 sends a transaction report to the host computer at the time of purchase. Credit card purchases can thus be more quickly processed at the central host computer, thereby reducing undesirable credit card charge float. 
     The operational program of the terminal 10 provides three general modes of operation, namely standby, send, and listen. Standby mode is maintained when a terminal is not in either of the other two modes. In standby, the terminal recognizes a limited number of system error messages which cause a system out-of-service message to be displayed on the CRT 30 and which inhibit credit card reading. 
     In the send mode, a terminal has formed a message for the central host computer. The message is formatted, protocols are added, and the message is sent. After sending the message, the terminal switches to its listening mode. In its listening mode, the terminal is programmed to look for its own ID and a limited variety of incoming messages. The messages recognized are a function of the message just sent. For example, after requesting a PNR, the terminal will recognize PNR or SNL messages. FIG. 7 depicts a typical communications protocol and sample message prosigns. 
     The operational program of Table I includes the passenger interface modules which form the CRT prompts, call data lists from memory to display, form targets for the active areas of the touch panel, read and interpret the response from the touch panel, and format and display appropriate down-line information, such as itinerary information. Input/output modules provide service routines for the CRT, card reader, touch screen, and printer. Custom editor modules in the program facilitate customer programming of the display screen and system interaction. 
     A development system 66 (FIG. 3) in the form of a CRT terminal and disk drive may be coupled directly to the CPU 42 of a given terminal 10 to provide a programmer with the capability of altering or debugging the operational program of the terminal. Once changes have been determined to be acceptable, they may be loaded into other in-service terminals by suitable communications links or by I/O port input from a tape or disk drive. 
     Having described a preferred embodiment of our self-ticketing system, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that our invention may be modified in arrangement and detail. The system may be used in areas other than airline ticketing. Therefore, the protection afforded our invention should be limited only in accordance with the scope of the following claims.