Abstract:
A biocidal, aqueous composition for killing bacteria, spores, fungi, and viruses on nonabsorbent surfaces comprises at least one quaternary ammonium compound, at least one aliphatic dialdehyde having from two to six carbon atoms, and at least one aliphatic hydroxyl compound having form one to eight carbon atoms. 
     This sterilant is stable for weeks, is especially useful between pH 4 to 9, and may additionally comprise a chelating agent.

Description:
RELATED U.S. APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 475,128 filed Feb. 5, 1990, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 210,626 filed Jun. 23, 1988 which has matured into U.S. Pat. No. 4,923,899 is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 139,166 filed Dec. 22, 1987 now abandoned which is a continuation of Ser. No. 906,557 filed Sep. 8, 1986 now abandoned which is a continuation of Ser. No. 776,479 filed Sep. 16, 1985 now abandoned which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 692,776 filed Jan. 18, 1985 now abandoned. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a broad-spectrum biocidal composition effective for the rapid killing of a wide variety of bacteria, spores, fungi, and viruses on a wide variety of nonabsorbent surfaces such as metals, plastics, resins, woods, rubbers, ceramics, and glasses. The composition of the present invention kills so many organisms on such a wide variety of surfaces that it may be termed a sterilant. 
     Some of the articles which may be sterilized by the composition of the present invention are counters, floors, sheets, catheters, dialysis machine tubing, anesthetic breathing bags, surgical instruments, dental bite blocks, saliva-draining tubes, respirator equipment, and environmental surfaces in general. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In the past in medical and dental circles, steam sterilization or treatment with ethylene oxide in a closed apparatus have been considered ideal ways of sterilizing equipment. But for many types or parts of apparatus, steam sterilization is impractical because of the size or number of items to be sterilized. For parts of equipment which actually come in contact with the patient, such as dental bite blocks, anesthetic breathing bags, respirators, etc. it is impermissible for ethylene oxide to be used because residual trace amounts might harm the patient. 
     Hence, a stable, benign, broad-spectrum sterilant effective at a wide range of pH&#39;s is greatly desired by the medical/dental profession for environmental use, especially on nonabsorbent surfaces. 
     A disinfectant is generally considered to be an agent which destroys bacterial organisms which are growing, but not bacterial spores. Germicide and bactericide are approximately synonymous with disinfectant. An antiseptic inhibits the growth of microorganisms. A sporicide kills spores of fungi molds, and bacteria. Since spores are more resistant than bacteria, sporicides are generally considered sterilizing agents. Biocides kill all living microorganisms, hence also are sterilizing agents. A virucide kills viruses; a fungicide kills fungi. The novel sterilant of this invention kills bacteria, spores, fungi and viruses. Hence, it may be termed a biocide or a sterilant. 
     The Hamilton U.S. Pat. No. 3,208,936, discloses combining a broad range of quaternary amines as germicides and foaming agents in recirculation type toilets. 
     The Halley U.S. Pat. No. 3,785,971, is directed to a waste treatment material for a storage holding tank in which paraformaldehyde and an alkali carbonate or hydroxide are combined. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 2,998,390, granted Aug. 29, 1961 to Hamilton and U.S. Pat. No. 3,107,216, granted Oct. 15, 1963 to Hamilton, disclose a recirculating toilet fluid which contains a quaternary ammonium salt. 
     &#34;Quaternary Ammonium Salts as Germicidals. Nonacylated Quaternary Ammonium Salts Derived from Aliphatic Amines,&#34; Shelton, R. S. et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 68, pp. 753-55 (1946), reported that alkyl quaternary ammonium salts have germicidal powers and N-benzyl substitutes do not affect this germical activity. 
     It was reported in Gardner, J. Disinfection, Sterilization &amp; Preservation, p. 900, S. S. Block, ed., Lea &amp; Febiger, 2nd ed. (1977) to include chelating agents with phenols and certain quaternary ammonium salts for enhanced activity against Gram-negative bacteria. 
     The Schattner U.S. Pat. No. 4,103,001 discloses an aqueous mixture of phenol, sodium tetraborate, and sodium phenate solution to which is added aqueous glutaraldehyde in order to kill some bacteria and bacterial spores. This mixture cannot be used against fungi or viruses. 
     The Stonehill U.S. Pat. No. 3,282,775 discloses a mixture of dialdehydes and a cationic surface active agent, plus a lower alcohol, which kills four spore-forming bacteria, but not fungi or viruses. 
     The Pepper U.S. Pat. No. 3,016,328 discloses that simple dialdehydes plus a lower alkanol to the extent of about 60 to 70% and an alkalinizing agent to yield a pH range of about 8 to 9.5 kill four spore-forming bacteria, two of which are the same as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,282,775. 
     Borick, et al in the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 53, No. 10 at p. 1273 disclose that glutaraldehyde alkalinized with sodium bicarbonate kills eight nonspore-forming bacteria, four spore-forming bacteria, one fungus, and nine viruses, but that this alkaline solution was stable only for about two weeks. 
     French Patent 2,321,300 discloses that a mixture of aldehyde and quaternary ammonium compound has antiseptic properties by reducing the growth of five bacteria of interest to the food industry. 
     British Patent 1,443,786 discloses that a mixture of glutaraldehyde, a lower alcohol, and a highly ionizable salt at acidic pH ranges kills four sporulating bacteria by ion-exchange with the calcium in the walls of the bacterial spores. 
     The Wagner U.S. Pat. No. 4,107,312 discloses a disinfectant mixture of a strong formaldehyde solution, plus minor amounts of glyoxal and glutaraldehyde, plus a quaternary ammonium salt, methanol to stabilize the formaldehyde, a nonionic wetting agent, optionally some alcohol or glycol, and a scent, all at a neutral pH in order to avoid corrosion of aluminum toilets (or minimize corrosion of magnesium toilets) in aircraft. 
     The Mandt U.S. Pat. No. 4,444,785 discloses a disinfecting solution for soft contact lenses against two nonsporulating bacteria comprising a very low concentration of 1,5 pentanedial at neutral pH compatible with the human eye. 
     The Schaeufele U.S. Pat. No. 4,320,147 discloses a germicidal composition comprising quaternary ammonium chlorides, plus builder salts, which are useful for disinfection against bacteria. 
     Canadian Pat. No. 1,154,555 discloses a bactericide composition containing formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and a quaternary ammonium ingredient. 
     French Pat. No. 2,145,444 discloses a bactericide composition containing formaldehyde and a quaternary ammonium compound. 
     The Lockwood U.S. Pat. No. 3,505,690 relates to a disinfectant dispersing system. 
     The Buchalter U.S. Pat. No. 3,983,252 discloses a chemical disinfecting composition comprising a dialdehyde and an alkali metal salt of a hydrocarbon carboxylic acid and optionally an alcohol. 
     The Goldhaft U.S. Pat. No. 4,022,911 discloses a disinfectant composition comprising three essential active ingredients, namely a dimethyl quaternary ammonium halide salt, a phenol or derivative thereof, and formaldehyde. 
     Oshchepkova and Kochkin in the Proceedings of the First All-union Conference on Biocorrosion, Biodamage, and Marine Encrustation (1975), C. A.91:69799p report that a mixture of organotin fumarates or acryloyloxy stannate mixed with N-alkyl pyridinium salts or tetraalkylammonium salts protect wood samples in water from two common bacteria--A. niger and P. purpureum. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of this invention to provide a stable, benign, nonodorous, solution which kills a broad-spectrum of bacteria, spores, fungi, and viruses rapidly at a wide range of pH. 
     It is a further object of this invention to provide a broad-spectrum sterilant which will remain an active solution for at least several weeks. 
     It is yet another object of this invention to provide a sterilant which is effective on hard, nonabsorbent, &#34;environmental&#34; surfaces such as anesthetic breathing bags, dialysis tubing, respirators, dental bite blocks, saliva-draining tubes, and the like for which sterilization by steam or ethylene oxide is either impractical or physiologically disfavored. 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a sterilant composition effective for killing rapidly individual microorganisms or a combination of several different kinds of microorganisms, such as bacteria, spores, fungi and/or viruses. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a sterilant for a wide variety of hard surfaces such as metals, plastics, resins, rubbers, ceramics, and glasses. 
     Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a sterilant which is effective in the presence of high concentrations of blood, sputum, feces, urine, vomitus, and other animal exudates. 
     Other objects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Surprisingly, a broad-spectrum sterilant capable of rapidly killing bacteria, sporulating bacteria, spores, fungi, and viruses can be achieved by combining in an aqueous solution an effective amount of at least one quaternary ammonium compound, at least one aliphatic dialdehyde having from two to six carbon atoms, and at least one aliphatic hydroxyl compound having from one to eight carbon atoms. 
     Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the novel sterilant on &#34;hard&#34; or &#34;environmental&#34; surfaces (nonabsorbing) such as medical or dental equipment for which previously steam sterilization or treatment with ethylene oxide were employed. 
     The sterilant of the present invention relates to a liquid composition which is effective for rapidly killing at least one microorganism or any combination of two or more different microorganisms such as bacteria, spores, fungi and viruses. 
     For still another aspect of the invention, the novel sterilant is employed over a wide range of pH and is stable for several weeks after having been compounded. 
     Yet another aspect of the present invention arises from its efficacy in the presence of high concentrations of blood, sputum, urine, feces, vomitus or other bodily liquids or suspensions. 
     A further aspect of the present invention is its efficacy in sterilizing hard surfaces of metals, plastics, rubbers, resins, wood, ceramics, or glasses. 
     A typical embodiment of the invention comprises: 
     
         ______________________________________Component               Weight %______________________________________Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride                   0.1Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                   0.1Glutaraldehyde          2.6Isopropyl alcohol       0.2Propylene glycol        0.16Sodium nitrite          0.11Tetrasodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate                   0.015Water                   balance______________________________________ 
    
     Processes for employing these sterilant compositions are also disclosed herein. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     As discussed above, the prior art discloses individual compounds or mixtures of compounds which kill or inhibit the growth of a narrow range of organisms such as some bacteria, spores, fungi, or viruses. The synergistic combination of the seven components of the present invention unexpectedly kills all types of the names organisms, hence it is a sterilant. Among the classes of organisms killed by the composition of the present invention alone or admixed together are Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, algae, protozoa, Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria, fungi, and many types of viruses. 
     Among the many typos of viruses killed by the composition of the present invention are: orbiviruses, orthomyxoviruses, papovaviruses, paramyxoviruses, parvoviruses, picornaviruses, poxviruses, coronaviruses, flaviviruses, herpesviruses, adenoviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviridae, caliciviruses, reoviruses, retioviruses, rhabdoviruses, rotaviruses, togaviruses, and various unclassified viruses, plus plant viruses. 
     In addition to the bacteria, spores, protozoa, algae, fungi, and viruses categorized above, the composition of the present invention can kill alone or in combination with the other organisms typified above various miscellaneous organisms from the Chlamydia Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Rochalimaea, Wolbachia, and Thai tick typhus. 
     It is to be emphasized that the composition of the present invention is a sterilant which can kill any or all of the types of organisms described here alone or in any combination. 
     At the end of the Examples of this specification and before the claims, several hundred representative specific organisms are listed in Tables I to VII on which the synergistic composition of the present invention is effective. 
     The cationic, quaternary salts useful in the present invention may contain either or both of aliphatic and aromatic moieties. Although quaternary ammonium salts are preferred, cationic phosphonium, or sulfonium, or any other positive nonmetallic nuclei may be selected. Some of the aliphatic or alicyclic substituents for the quaternary ions are alkyl groups containing one to 30 carbon atoms both linear and branched, alkoxy groups also containing one to 30 carbon atoms both linear and branched, alicyclic groups such as cyclohexyl and its alkylated or alkyloxylated derivatives, and halogenated alkyl, halogenated alicyclic, or halogenated alkyloxy derivatives. 
     Aromatic moieties, which may themselves be substituted by aliphatic, alicyclic, alkyloxy groups, useful as substituents for the quaternary cationic salts of the present invention are benzyl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, benzal, quinolyl and the like. 
     More specifically, some aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts which are useful in the present invention are: tetramethyl ammonium halide, trimethylethyl ammonium halide, dimethyldiethyl ammonium halide, methyltriethyl ammonium halide, tetraethyl ammonium halide, cetyldimethylethyl ammonium halide, trimethyln-propyl ammonium halide, dimethyldin-propyl ammonium halide, methyltrin-propyl ammonium halide, tetran-propyl ammonium halide, methylethyln-propyln-butyl ammonium halide, ethyln-propylnpentyl ammonium halide, trimethylallyl ammonium halide, dimethyldiallyl ammonium halide, methyltriallyl ammonium halide, tetraallyl ammonium halide, N,N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;,N&#39;-hexaethyl-1,2-ethylene diammoniumhalide,N,N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;,N&#39;-hexaethyl-1,4-butylenediammonium halide, N,N,N&#39;-dibenzyl-N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;, tetramethyl-1,2-ethylene diammonium halide, N,N&#39;-di(4-chlorobenzyl)-N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetramethyl-1,2-ethylenediammoniumhalide,N,N,N&#39;-tetraethyl-N,n&#34;-dioctadecyl-1,2-ethylene diammonium halide, N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetraethyl-N,N&#39;-dihexadecyl-1,4-butylene diammonium halide, octadecyltrimethyl ammonium halide, dioctadecyldimethyl ammonium halide, trioctadecylmethyl ammonium halide tetraoctadecyl ammonium halide, hexadecyltriethyl ammonium halide, hexadecyldimethylethyl ammonium halide, hexadecyldiethylmethyl ammonium halide, didecyldioctyl ammonium halide, didecyldihexyl ammonium halide, and hexyloctyldecyldodecyl ammonium halide. 
     Some representative useful quaternary ammonium salts containing an aromatic moiety include: benzylodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, o-tolyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, m-tolyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, p-tolyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,3-xylyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,4-xylydodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,5-xylyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3,4-xylyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3,5-xylyldodecyldimethyl ammoniuim halide, 2-chlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3-chlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 4-chlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,3-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,4-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,5-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,6-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3,4-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3,5-dichlorobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2-nitrobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3-nitrobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 4-nitrobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2,4-dinitrobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3,5-dinitrobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2-sulfobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3-sulfobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 4-sulfobenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 2-carboxybenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 3-carboxybenzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, 4-carboxybenzyldodecyldimethylammoniumhalide,benzylhexyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzyloctyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzyldecyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzyldodecyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzyltetradecyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzylhexadecyldimethyl ammonium halide, benzyloctadecyldimethyl ammonium halide. 
     Some representative, useful quaternary ammonium salts containing heterocyclic, aromatic moieties include: n-hexylpyridinium halide, n-octylpyridinium halide, n-decylpyridinium halide, n-dodecylpyridinium halide, n-tetradecylpyridinium halide, n-hexadecylpyridinium halide, n-hexyllutidinium halide, n-octyllutidinium halide, n-decyllutidinium halide, n-dodecyllutidinium halide, n-tetradecyllutidinium halide, n-hexadecyllutidinium halide, n-hexylpicolinium halide, n-octylpicolinium halide, n-decylpicolinium halide, n-dodecylpicolinium halide, n-tetradecylpicolinium halide, n-hexadecylpicolinium halide, n-hexylquinolinium halide, n-octylquinolinium halide, n-decylquinolinium halide, n-dodecylquinolinium halide, n-tetradecylquinolinium halide, n-hexadecylquinolinium halide, n-hexylisoquinolinium halide, n-octylisoquinolinium halide, n-decylisoquinolinium halide, n-dodecylisoquinolinium halide, n-tetradecylisoquinolinium halide, n-hexadecylisoquinolinium halide, n-hexylquinazolinium halide, n-octylquinazolinium halide, n-decylquinazolinium halide, n-dodecylquinazolinium halide, n-tetradecylquinazolinium halide, n-hexadecylquinazolinium halide, n-hexylquinoxalinium halide, n-octylquinoxalinium halide, n-decylquinoxalinium halide, n-dodecylquinoxalinium halide, n-tetradecylquinoxalinium halide, n-hexadecylquinoxalinium halide, n-hexylpyridopyridinium halide, n-octylpyridopyridinium halide, n-decylpyridopyridinium halide, n-dodecylpyridopyridinium halide, n-tetradecylpyridopyridininum halide, and n-hexadecylpyridopyridinium halide. 
     The preferred counter ions for the quaternary cationic salts are halides, especially chloride and bromide. Particularly useful for practicing the present invention are alkylbenzyldimethyl ammonium chlorides, wherein the alkyl groups contain between 10 and 18 carbon atoms, and cetyldimethylethyl ammonium bromide. The useful range of quaternary cationic salts in an effective amount of sterilant is from about 0.05% to 3% in actual use by weight. 
     Other counter ions, anions, useful in the practice of the present invention to neutralize the positive charge of the ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium, or other positive moieties can be found in the following list bicarbonate, bisulfite, fluoride, borate, carbonate, nitrite, nitrate, phosphite, phosphate, sulfite, sulfate, chloride, hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate, hydroxide, fluoborate, iodide, iodate, periodate, and bromate. 
     The solubility of the various solutes in the novel sterilant of the instant invention is improved by using small amounts of alkanols having from one to six carbon atoms and/or glycols having from two to four carbon atoms. These alkanols and glycols also have concomitant and peripheral biocidal effect. Especially useful alkanols are methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. Especially useful polyols are glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, as well as glycerine. In the diluted solution for actual use, the effective amount for the alkanol is from about 0.1% to 3% by weight, and the effective amount for the polyol or glycol is from about 0.1% to 3% by weight. 
     Other alcohols having eight or less carbon atoms useful in the practice of the present invention are: 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, 2-methyl-3-butanol, 2-methyl-4-butanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 3-hexanol, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butanol, 2,2-dimethyl-4-butanol, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-methyl-3-pentanol, 2-methyl-4-pentanol, 2-methyl-5-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, 3-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 2,2-diethyl-1-ethanol, 1-heptanol, 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 4-heptanol, 2,2,3-trimethyl-3-butanol, 2,3-dimethyl-3-pentanol, 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol, 3-ethyl-1-pentanol, 3-ethyl-2-pentanol, 3-ethyl-3-pentanol, 4-ethyl-1-pentanol, 4-ethyl-2-pentanol, 4-ethyl-3-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-hexanol, 2-methyl-2-hexanol, 2-methyl-3-hexanol, 2-methyl-4-hexanol, 3-methyl-1-hexanol, 4-methyl-1-hexanol, 5-methyl-1-hexanol, 3-methyl-2-hexanol, 4-methyl-2-hexanol, 3-methyl-3-hexanol, 3-methyl-4-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 3-octanol, 4-octanol, 2-methyl-1-heptanol, 3-methyl-1-heptanol, 4-methyl-1-heptanol, 5-methyl-1-heptanol, 5-methyl-1-heptanol, 6-methyl-1-heptanol, 2-methyl-2-heptanol, 3-methyl-2-heptanol, 4-methyl-2-heptanol, 5-methyl-2-heptanol, 6-methyl-2-heptanol, 2-methyl-3-heptanol, 3-methyl-3-heptanol, 4-methyl-3-heptanol, 5-methyl-3-heptanol, 6-methyl-3-heptanol, 2-methyl-4-heptanol, 3-methyl-4-heptanol, 4-methyl-4-heptanol, 5-methyl-4-heptanol, 6-methyl-4-heptanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 3,3-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 4,4-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 5,5 -dimethyl-1-hexanol, 2,3-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 2,4-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 2,5-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 3,4-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 3-ethyl-1-hexanol, 4-ethyl-1-hexanol, and 5-ethyl-1-hexanol. 
     Other glycols having eight or less carbon atoms useful in the practice of the present invention are: 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol, 2,methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-2,3-butanediol, 2-methyl-3,4-butanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,3-hexanediol, 1,4-hexanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,3-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,3-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-3,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-3,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-4,5-pentanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-1,2-butanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-butanediol, 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butanediol. 
     Certain salts with anions at less than full oxidation state, such as nitrite, bisulfite, or chlorite, may be optionally employed in the novel sterilant solution of the instant invention to prevent corrosion, as well as for their biocidal activity. 
     Also useful in the practice of the present invention are cations wherein the metal oxidation state is lower than its chemically possible maximum. 
     Some useful compounds with less than full oxidation states are found in the following salts first some with reduced anions and then some salts with less oxidized cations, as follows: sodium phosphite, sodium sulfite, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium chlorate, sodium selenite, sodium arsenite, sodium hypobromite, sodium bromite, sodium bromate, sodium stannite, sodium antimonite, sodium tellurite, sodium ferrocyanide, sodium manganite, sodium manganate, potassium phosphite, potassium, sulfite, potassium hypochorite, potassium chlorite, potassium, chlorate, potassium selenite, potassium arsenite, potassium hypobromite, potassium bromite, potassium bromate, potassium stannite, potassium antimonite, potassium tellurite, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium manganite, potassium manganate, lithium phosphite, lithium sulfite, lithium hypochlorite, lithium chlorite, lithium chlorate, lithium selenite, lithium arsenite, lithium hypobromite, lithium bromite, lithium bromate, lithium stannite, lithium antimonite, lithium antimonite, lithium tellurite, lithium ferrocyanide, lithium manganite, lithium manganate, rubidium nitrite, rubidium phosphate, rubidium sulfite, rubidium hypochlorite, rubidium chlorite, rubidium chlorate, rubidium selenite, rubidium arsenite, rubidium hypobromite, rubidium bromite, rubidium bromate, rubidium stannite, rubidium antimonite, rubidium tellurite, rubidium ferrocyanide, rubidium manganite, rubidium manganate, cesium nitrite, cesium phosphite, cesium sulfite, cesium hypochlorite, cesium chlorite, cesium chlorate, cesium selenite, cesium arsenite, cesium hypobromite, cesium bromite, cesium bromate, cesium stannite, cesium antimonite, cesium telurite, cessium ferrocyanide, cesium manganite, cesium manganate, ferrous ferrocyanide, ferrous ferricyanide, cuprous chloride, ferrous phosphate, stannous chloride, ferrous sulfate, manganous sulfate, plumbous sulfate, and chromous chloride. 
     Particularly useful are sodium, potassium, lithium, and ammonium salts of nitrite, bisulfite, and chlorite; especially useful is sodium nitrite. These optional salts may be employed in the range from 0.05% to about 2.0% by weight of the actual solution employed. 
     A chelating agent may be optionally employed in the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention from 0% to 0.025% by weight to aid in solubility of the other components, to counteract any deleterious effects from diluting concentrated commercial strengths with hard water for use, and to help break down the coatings of spores, which have a high concentration of multivalent ions. The preferred chelating agent to practice the current invention may range from 0% to 0.025% by weight and is ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Partial esters or salts of EDTA may also be used. An example of a salt of EDTA is tetrasodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate. 
     Other useful chelating agents may be found in the following acids, full salts, or partial salts of: oxalic acid, malonic acid, oxaldihydrixamic acid, diaminoglyoxime, dithiomalonic acid, glyoxime, maleic acid, fumaric acid, oxalacetic acid, diglycolic acid, tartaric acid, oxalenediuramidoxime, thiodiglycolic acid, iminodiacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, dimethylglyoxime, hydrazine-N,N&#39;-diacetic acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, 2,4-pentanedione, glutaric acid, N-methyliminodiacetic acid, glutamic acid, aconitric acid (trans), gluconic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanediamine-N,N,N&#39;-tetraacetic acid (cis&amp;trans), 1,2-ethylenediamine-N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetraacetic acid, N&#39;-benzylethylenediamine-N,N,N&#39;-triacetic acid, diethylenetriamine-N,N,N&#39;,N&#34;,N&#34;-pentaacetic acid, hexamethyldiamine-N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetraacetic acid, 2,2&#34;-ethylenedioxybis(ethyliminodiacetic acid), 2,2&#39;-oxybis (propyliminodiacetic acid), triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid, 1,3,5-triaminocyclohexanehexaacetic acid, and ethyl acetoacetate. 
     A dialdehyde containing up to six carbon atoms is a component of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention. Dialdehydes include malonaldehyde, succinaldehyde, oxaldehyde (glyoxal), adipaldehyde, and preferably glutaraldehyde. Alternatively, these compounds may be termed aliphatic dials, e.g. 1,5 pentanedial. By themselves, these compounds are effective germicides to some degree, at high pH, but they fail to have the wide breadth and speed of killing of the mixture of the current invention. This is especially true for the killing of the sporulent bacteria, where the dialdehydes alone can take up to ten hours to kill spores, and for many viruses, where dialdehydes are ineffective. In the final dilution as used, in the present invention, an effective amount of the dialdehyde is from about 0.5% to about 7% by weight. A concentration of dialdehyde of about 2.6 to 5 weight % is preferred and a concentration of dialdehyde of 3.2  weight % is especially preferred. 
     Some useful dialdehydes in the practice of the present invention are the following compounds and their mixtures: 1,2-ethanedial, 1,3-propanedial, 1,4-butanedial, 1,5-pentanedial, 2-methyl-1,4-butanedial, 2-methyl-1,3-propanedial, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanedial, 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-butanedial, 2,2-dimethyl-1,4-butanedial, 1,6 hexanedial, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanedial, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanedial, 2-ethyl-1,3-propanedial, 2-n-propyl-1,3-propanedial, furan-2,5-dialdehyde, furan-3,4-dialdehyde, thiophene-2,5-dialdehyde, thiophene-3,4-dialdehyde, pyrrole-2,5-dialdehyde, pyrrole-3,4-dialdehyde, imidazole-4,5-dialdehyde, pyrazole-3,4-dialdehyde, 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dialdehyde, pyrazine-2,3-dialdehyde, pyrimidine-4,5-dialdehyde, pyridazine-3,4-dialdehyde, pyridazine-4,5-dialdehyde. Aliphatic dialdehydes are preferred, but aromatic dialdehydes such as those names about may also be employed. 
     As a practical matter, it is preferred to produce the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention in the form of one or more concentrated solutions prior to transport and storage. The concentrations of these solutions would be 50 to 100-fold higher strength than the actual use-strengths given above. After transport and storage, the user, normally a medical or dental technician, will dilute the concentrate to produce an effective amount at the ultimate dilution and then add the dialdehyde. 
     In concentrated form, a preferred embodiment of the sterilant concentrate of the present invention would have the following approximate concentrations by weight: 
     
         ______________________________________                  Weight %______________________________________Alkyl*benzyldimethylammonium chloride                    7*50% C-12, 30% C-14, 17% C-16, 3% C-18Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                    7Isopropyl alcohol        14Propylene glycol         12Sodium nitrite           7EDTA                     1.5Water, balance up to 100%______________________________________ 
    
     In actual practice, the user will have prepared a desired quantity of the diluted sterilant concentrate by diluting the sterilant concentrate with distilled or tap water. This resulting solution will serve, further, as the diluent for the dialdehyde concentrate then to be added thereto. 
     The diluted sterilant solution after combination is an exceptionally broad-spectrum sterilant on a wide variety of metal, plastic, cross-linked resin, rubber, composite, coated, painted or natural wood, ceramic, or glass non-adsorbent surfaces, exemplified by but not limited to the following: stainless steels (various), steels, not stainless (various), galvanized iron, copper, brass, aluminum, chromium plated metals, tinned plating metals, enameled metals, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylics, polyacetals, nylons, &#34;epoxy resin&#34;-coated wood, polyurethane-coated wood, alkyd resin painted wood, alkyd resin-coated metal, oil-based painted wood, phenolformaldehyde resin laminates (&#34;Formica&#34; type), polyvinyl chloride-based furniture surfaces (&#34;Naugahyde&#34; type), gum rubber surgical/dental adjuncts (dental dam, tubing, catheters, gloves), hard rubber devices (bite blocks), water-based, latex-painted wood, glazed porcelain and other ceramics and various types of glass such as lime, flint, and borosilicates. 
    
    
     The present invention will now be described by reference to the following examples, which are not to be deemed limitative of the present invention in any manner thereof. 
     EXAMPLE A 
     This example illustrates the preparation of an effective sterilizing amount of a final user solution of the sterilant composition of the invention. 
     A 15 ml ampule of the above sterilant concentrate was diluted with distiled water to a final volume of 1 liter. This was a dilution ratio of about 66 7:1. To this solution was added 50 ml of an aqueous 50% by weight solution of glutaraldehyde concentrate. On a weight basis, the concentration of glutaraldehyde will be about 2.6% in the final user solution. 
     Thus in the final user solution, the concentrations of the various components in the diluted sterilant will be as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________                 Wt. %______________________________________Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride                   0.1Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                   0.1Isopropyl alcohol       0.2Propylene glycol        0.16Sodium nitrite          0.1EDTA                    0.02Dialdehyde, esp. glutaraldehyde                   2.6Water                   balance______________________________________ 
    
     The diluted sterilant composition of the present invention may be employed over a wide, useful pH range from about pH 4 to about pH 9. The preferred range for use is from about pH 5 to about pH 8. This is in marked contrast to the use of alkalinized dialdehydes alone, which are effective only from about pH 7 to about pH 8.5. Although buffers may optionally be employed to keep the sterilant of the instant invention within a narrow pH range, no buffer is necessary to practice this invention. 
     EXAMPLE B 
     This example illustrates the preparation of an effective sterilizing amount of a final user solution of the sterilant composition of the invention. 
     A 15 ml ampule of the above sterilant concentrate was diluted with distilled water to a final volume of 750 ml. This was a dilution ratio of about 50:1. To this solution was added 50 ml of an aqueous 50% by weight solution of glutaraldehyde concentrate. On a weight basis, the concentration of glutaraldehyde will be about 3.2% in the final user solution. 
     Thus, in the final user solution, the concentrations of the various components in the diluted sterilant will be as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________                 Wt. %______________________________________Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride                   0.15Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                   0.15Isopropyl alcohol       0.25Propylene glycol        0.20Sodium nitrite          0.15EDTA                    0.025Dialdehyde, esp. glutaraldehyde                   3.2Water                   balance______________________________________ 
    
     The diluted sterilant composition of the present invention may be employed over a wide, useful pH range from about pH 4 to about pH 9. The preferred range for use is from about pH 5 to about pH 8. This is in marked contrast to the use of alkalinized dialdehydes alone, which are effective only from about pH 7 to about pH 8.5. Although buffers may optionally be employed to keep the sterilant of the instant invention within a narrow pH range, no buffer is necessary to practice this invention. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     This example illustrates the effectiveness of the sterilant composition of EXAMPLE A for nonsporulating bacteria. 
     The novel sterilant of the present invention was prepared with 400 ppm hard water as the diluent for test purposes: 
     
         ______________________________________                 Wt. %______________________________________Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride                   0.1Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                   0.1Isopropyl alcohol       0.2Propylene glycol        0.16Sodium nitrite          0.11EDTA                    0.02Glutaraldehyde          2.60Water                   balance______________________________________ 
    
     Employing the Use-Dilution Method of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (A.OAC) 60 ring carriers were tested on three batchs each for efficacy against the following organisms (US EPA Procedure DIS/TSS-1 and of Jan. 2, 1982); Salmonella choleraesius ATCC 10708 (Gram-negative), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (Gram-positive), and Pseudomonas aeruoinosa ATCC 15442 (Gram-positive, nosocomial pathogen). 
     All these microorganisms were killed within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention for killing sporulating bacteria. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 1 for testing against Gram-positive, sporulatinq bacteria Bacillus subtilus ATCC 19659 and Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 3584 employing US EPA Procedure DIS/TSS-9 of April 1981 (AOAC Sporicidal Test). Sixty carriers for each type of surface, porcelain penicylinders and silk suture loops, for each of three samples for each of three batches involved a total of 720 carriers. 
     As required, all microorganisms were killed on all carriers in about 5 hours, less than 6 hours at 20 degrees C. 
     In a similar test alkalinized glutaraldehyde can meet this standard only after 10 hours of contact. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention for killing fungi and fungal spores. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 1 for testing against pathogenic fungus Trichophyton pentacrophytes ATCC 27289 according to the AOAC Fungicidal Test by EPA procedure DIS/TSS-6 of August 1981. For this fungus two batches were used for two samples each killing all organisms within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention in killing viruses, some of which none of the components of the novel sterilant can kill individually under the same conditions. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 1 for testing against the following viruses: Herpes Simplex I and II, Coxsackie virus B1, Coxsackie virus A9, Vaccinia Virus, Influenza virus A, Adenos virus II, Poliovirus I, Rhino virus, Cytomeqalo virus, and Corona virus, all according to EPA procedure DIS/TSSD-7. For two batches each, four replicates were carried by ten-fold dilution and measured to three-log diminution. After incubation, the samples were recovered after adsorption time on mammalian cell monolayers. 
     The novel sterilant inactivated all the viruses within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. It is known that alkalinized glutaraldehyde fails to inactivate at least Coxsackie virus and Poliovirus I under these conditions. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     This example illustrates the effectiveness of the sterilant composition of EXAMPLE B for nonsporulating bacteria. 
     The novel sterilant of the present invention was prepared with 400 ppm hard water as the diluent for test purposes: 
     
         ______________________________________                 Wt. %______________________________________Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride                   0.15Cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide                   0.15Isopropyl alcohol       0.25Propylene glycol        0.20Sodium nitrite          0.15EDTA                    0.025Glutaraldehyde          3.2Water                   balance______________________________________ 
    
     Employing the Use-Dilution Method of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) 60 ring carriers were tested on three batchs each for efficacy against the following organisms (US EPA Procedure DIS/TSS-1 and of Jan. 2, 1982); Salmonella choleraesius ATCC 10708 (Gram-negative), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (Gram-positive), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 (Gram-positive, nosocomial pathogen). 
     All these microorganisms were killed within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention for killing sporulating bacteria. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 5 for testing against Gram-positive, sporulating bacteria Bacillus subtilus ATCC 19659 and Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 3584 employing US EPA Procedure DIS/TSS-9 of April 1981 (AOAC Sporicidal Test). Sixty carriers for each type of surface, porcelain penicylinders and silk suture loops, for each of three samples for each of three batches involved a total of 720 carriers. 
     As required, all microorganisms were killed on all carriers in about 5 hours, less than 6 hours at 20 degrees C. 
     In a similar test alkalinized glutaraldehyde can meet this standard only after 10 hours of contact. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention for killing fungi and fungal spores. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 5 for testing against pathogenic fungus Trichophyton mentagrochytes ATCC 27289 according to the AOAC Fungicidal Test by EPA procedure DIS/TSS-6 of August 1981. For this fungus two batches were used for two samples each killing all organisms within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     This example illustrates the efficacy of the broad-spectrum sterilant of the present invention in killing viruses, some of which none of the components of the novel sterilant can kill individually under the same conditions. 
     The novel sterilant solution was prepared as in EXAMPLE 5 for testing against the following viruses: Herpes Simplex I and II, Coxsackie virus B1, Coxsackie virus A9, Vaccinia Virus, Influenza virus A, Adenos virus II, Poliovirus I, Rhino virus, Cytomegalo virus, and Corona virus, all according to EPA procedure DIS/TSSD-7. For two batches each, four replicates were carried by ten-fold dilution and measured to three-log diminution. After incubation, the samples were recovered after adsorption time on mammalian cell monolayers. 
     The novel sterilant inactivated all the viruses within 10 minutes at 20 degrees C. It is known that alkalinized glutaraldehyde fails to inactivate at least Coxsackie virus and Poliovirus I under these conditions. 
     The sterilant composition of the present invention has the advantages of being effective to kill a broad spectrum of microorganisms very rapidly with low concentrations of the active ingredients. The sterilant composition as a combination of ingredients is more effective against several microorganisms together at the same time than would be possible by using each active ingredient separately against the combination of microorganisms. 
     The sterilants of the disclosure above exemplified by the preferred embodiments of the various Examples are effective against a wide variety of microorganisms such as those of Tables I through VII. 
     
                       TABLE I______________________________________VIRUSES______________________________________  ADENOVIRUSES  Avian adenovirus Types 1-10  Marble spleen disease virus  Bovine adenovirus Types 1-8  Canine adenovirus  Infectious canine hepatitis  Human adenovirus Types 1-41  Mouse adenovirus  Swine adenovirus  Baboon adenovirus  Chimpanzee adenovirus  Simian adenovirus Types 1-39  ARENAVIRUSES  Amapari  Junin  Latino  Lymphocytic choriomeningitis  Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever  Parana  Pichinde virus  Tacaribe virus  Tamiami virus  BUNYAVIRIDAE  Anopheles Group  Bunyamwera Super Group  Bwamba Group  California Group  Capim Group  Gamboa Group  Guama Group  Koongol Group  Patois Group  Simbu Group  Tete Group  Turlock Group  Phleboviruses  Nairoviruses  Hantaviruses  CALICIVIRUSES  Feline conjunctivitis  Feline picornavirus  Feline stomatitis  CORONAVIRUSES  Calf diarrheal coronavirus  Canine coronavirus  Feline infectious  peritonitis  Hemagglutinating  encephalomyelitis  Human coronavirus  Infectious bronchitis  Mouse hepatitis virus  Rabbit coronavirus  Rat coronavirus  Sialodacryoadenitis virus  Transmissible gastroenteritis  Turkey enteritis  coronavirus  FLAVIVIRUSES  Banzi  Bukalasa  Bussuquara  Cowbone ridge  Dakar bat  Dengue Types 1-4  Edge Hill  Entebbe bat  Ilheus  Japanese encephalitis  Kokobera  Kyasanur  Louping III  Modoc  Montana myotis  leukoencephalitis  Murray Valley encephalitis  Ntaya  Powassan  Rio Bravo  Russian spring-summer  encephalitis  Sepik  Simian hemorrhagic fever  St. Louis encephalitis  Stratford  Tenbusu  Uganda S  West Nile  Yellow fever  Zika   HERPESVIRUSES  Avian laryngotracheitis  Duck enteritis  Falcon herpesvirus  Lake Victoria cormorant  Marek&#39;s disease  Parrot herpesvirus  Pigeon herpesvirus  Turkey herpesvirus  Bovine herpesvirus  Infectious bovine  rhinotracheitis  Canine herpesvirus  Equine cytomegalovirus  Equine herpesvirus  Feline herpesvirus  Feline rhinotracheitis virus  Channel catfish  Herpesvirus salmonis  Guinea pig herpes-like virus  Guinea pig salivary gland virus  Guinea pig X virus  Burkitt&#39;s lymphoma  Cytomegalovirus  Herpes simplex Types 1 &amp; 2  Varicella  Varicella-Zoster  B Virus  Hepatitis A, B &amp; C virus  Herpesvirus aotus  Herpesvirus ateles  Herpesvirus saguinus  Herpesvirus saimiri  Monkey cytomegalovirus  Simian herpesvirus 2 &amp; 3  Squirrel monkey  cytomegalovirus  Pseudorabies  Caprine herpesvirus  Frog Virus 4  Mouse Salivary Gland Virus  Rabbit herpesvirus  ORBIVIRUSES  Bluetongue all types  Changuinola  Colorado tick fever  Corriparta  Epizootic hemorrhagic  disease of deer  Ieri  Irituia  Lebombo  Tribec  Wad Medani  ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES  Avian Influenza  Horse Influenza A  Human Influenza A, B &amp; C  Swine Influenza  Thogoto  PAPOVAVIRUSES  Human polyoma  Bovine papilloma  Human papilloma  JC virus  K-virus  Lymphotropic Papovavirus  Papilloma  Polyoma  Simian Papovavirus  SV-40  PARAMYXOVIRUSES  Bluegill  Bovine morbillivirus-like  Bovine respiratory syncytial virus  Canine distemper  Canine parainfluenza  Fer de Lance virus  Measles  Mumps  Nariva  Newcastle disease  Parainfluenza  Pneumonia virus of mice  Respiratory syncytial  Simian paramyxovirus  Subacute sclerosing  panencephalitis  Yucaipa  PARVOVIRUSES  Adeno-associated virus  Aleutian disease  Avian adeno-associated  Bovine parvovirus  Canine parvovirus  Feline panleukopenia  Hemorrhagic encephalopathy  Porcine parvovirus  PICORNAVIRUSES  Poliovirus 1, 2 &amp; 3  Coxsackievirus, all types  Echovirus, all types  Enterovirus, all types  Human rhinovirus, all types  Avian encephalomyelitis  Baboon enterovirus  Bovine enterovirus, all types  Bovine rhinovirus, all types  Encephalomyocarditis  Mouse encephalomyelitis  Porcine enterovirus, all types  Rat encephalomyelitis  Simian picornavirus, all types  POXVIRUSES  Alastrim (Variola minor)  Bovine papular stomatitis  Canary pox  Cotia  Cowpox  Embu  Fibroma  Fowlpox  Milker&#39;s nodule virus  Monkeypox  Myxoma  Rabbit fibroma  Rabbitpox  Raccoonpox  Smallpox  Swine pox  Tanapox  Vaccinia  Yabu tumor poxvirus  REOVIRUSES  Avian reovirus, all types  Feline reovirus  Reovirus, all types  Turkey enteric reovirus  RETROVIRUSES  Avian leukosis-sarcoma  complex  Avian reticuloendotheliosis  group  Feline leukemia group  Murine leukemia-sarcoma  group  Bovine syncytial virus  Caprine arthritis-  encephalitis virus  Feline syncytia-forming  Human T-cell leukemia virus  Human immunodeficiency  virus  Mouse mammary tumor  Simian foamyvirus  Squirrel monkey retrovirus  Syncytium-forming virus  of Marmosets  Visna virus  RHABDOVIRUSES  Aruac  Bovine paralytic rabies  Chaco  Chandipura  Cocal virus  Hart virus  Infectious hematopoietic  necrosis  Jurona  Kern Canyon  Klamath  Kwatta  Lagos bat  March  Mokola  Mossuril  Mount Elgon bat  Navorro  Piry virus  Rabies  Sawgrass  Timbo  Vesicular stomatitis  ROTAVIRUSES  Bovine rotavirus  Calf rotavirus  Human rotavirus  Porcine pararotavirus  Porcine rotavirus  Rhesus rotavirus  Simian rotavirus  TOGAVIRUSES  Alphavirus group  Pestiviruses  Rubeviruses  UNCLASSIFIED VIRUSES  Anaplasma marginale  Creutzfeldt-Jakob  Duck hepatitis  Eretmapodites  Equine infectious anemia  virus  Frog virus 3  Golden shine virus  Grunt fin agent  Hepatitis A virus  Hepatitis B virus  Ichampadi  Infectious bursal disease of  chickens  Infectious pancreatic necrosis  of trout  Infectious pancreatic necrosis  virus  Kuru  Lymphocystis  Matucare  Nodamura virus  Quaranfil  Tadpole edema virus  Tembe  Venkatapuram  Wanowrie  PLANT VIRUSES  Agropyron Mosaic  Alfalfa Mosaic  Apple Chlorotic  Apple Mosaic  Artichoke Latent  Barley Stripe Mosaic  Barley Yellow Dwarf  Bean Common Mosaic  Bean Golden Mosaic  Bean Pod Mottle  Bearded-Iris Mosaic  Beet Curly Top  Beet Mosaic  Beet Western Yellows  Belladonna Mottle  Bidens Mottle  Broad Bean  Broccoli Necrotic  Carnation Mottle  Cherry Leaf Rool  Chrysanthemum Aspermy  Citrange Stunt  Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle  Desmodium Yellow Mottle  Elm Mosaic  Glycine Mottle  Grapevine Fanleaf  Henbane Mosaic  Lettuce Mosaic  Lychnis Ringspot  Maize rough Dwarf  Myrobalan Latent Ringspot  Nasturtium Ringspot  Oat Blue Dwarf  Onion Yellow Dwarf  Pangola Stunt  Panicum Mosaic  Passionfruit Woodiness  Peanut Stunt  Plantago Mottle  Poa Semilatent  Pokeweed Mosaic  Prunus Necrotic Ringspot  Raspberry Bushy Dwarf  Scophularia Mottle  Tobacco Mosaic  Tomato Aspermy  Tulip Breaking  Watermelon Mosaic  White Clover Mosaic  Wound Tumor______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE II______________________________________MISCELLANEOUS ORGANISMS______________________________________    Chlamydia psittaci    Chlamydia trachomatis    Coxiella burneti    Ehrlichia risticii    Richettsia akari    Richettsia canada    Rickettsia conori    Rickettsia montana    Rickettsia mooseri    Rickettsia prowazeki    Rickettsia rickettsii    Rickettsia sennetsu    Rickettsia tsutsugamushi    Rochalimaea quintana    Rochalimaea vinsonii    Thai tick typhus    Wolbachia persica______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE III______________________________________GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA______________________________________Acetobacter acet  FlavobacteriumAcholeplasma laidlawii             meningosepticumAchromobacter viscosus             Francisella tularensisAcidiphilium cryptum             Fusobacterium necrophorumAcinetobacter calcoaceticus             Gardnerella vaginalisAcinetobacter anatratus             Haemophilus aegyptiusAcinetobacter lwoffii             Hafnia alveiActinomyces bovis Klegsiella oxytocaActinomyces israelii             Klebsiella pneumoniaeActinomyces pyogenes             Legionella cherriiActinoplanes violaceus             Legionella feeleiAeromonas hydrophila             Legionella pneumophilaAeromonas salmonicida             Leptospira biflexaAgrobacterium tumefaciens             Moraxella phenylpyruvicaAlcaligenes denitrificans             Morganella morganiiAlcaligenes faecalis             Mycoplasma canisAnaerorhabdus furcosus             Mycoplasma hyorhinisAquaspirillum anulus             Mycoplasma pneumoniaeArachnia propionica             Neisseria gonorrhoeaArthrobacter ilicis             Neisseria meningitidisAzotobacter beijerinckii             Oligella urethralisBacteroides bivius             Pasteurella multocidaBacteroides fragilis             Proteus mirabilisBacteroides levii Proteus vulgarisBdellovibrio solpii             Providencia rettgeriBeggiatoa alba    Providencia rustigianiiBeijerinckia indica             Providencia stuartiiBifidobacterium boum             Pseudomonas aeruginosaBordetella bronchiseptica             Pseudomonas avenaeBordetella pertussis             Pseudomonas cepaciaBorrelia burgdorferi             Pseudomonas pseudomalleiBrucella abortus  Pseudomonas putidaCampylobacter coli             Salmonella choleraesuisCampylobacter jejuni             Salmonella typhiCampylobacter pylori             Salmonella typhimuriumChlamydia psittaci             Serratia liquefaciensChlamydia trachomatis             Serratia marcescensChromobacterium violaceum             Shigella boydiCitrobacter freundii             Shigella dysenteriaeComamonas terrigena             Shigella flexneriDeleya aesta      Shigella sonneiDeleya venusta    Thiobacillus thiooxidansDermatophilus congolensis             Treponema hyodysenteriaeEdwarsiella tarda Treponema pallidumEikenella corrodens             Ureaplasma galloraleEnterobacter aerogenes             Veillonella caviaeEnterococcus avium             Vibrio choleraeEnterococcus faecalis             Wolinella succinogenesEnterobacter cloacae             Xanthobacter flavusErwinia citreus   Xanthomonas campestrisEscherichia coli  Yersinia pestisEwingella americana             Zymonnas mobilis______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE IV______________________________________GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA______________________________________Deinococcus erythromyxa             Mycobacterium bovisDeinococcus proteolyticus             Mycobacterium fortuitumErysipelothrix insidiosa             MycobacteriumErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae             intracellulareEubacterium aerofaciens             Mycobacterium lepraeEubacterium angustum             Mycobacterium tuberculosisEubacterium combesii             Norcardia asteroidesEubacterium eligens             Norcardia brasiliensisEubacterium fossor             Paracoccus denitrificansJonesia denitrificans             Pediococcus dextrinicusKurthia gibsonii  PeptostreptococcusLactobacillus agilis             asaccharolyticusLactobacillus brevis             Peptostreptococcus microsLactobacillus buchneri             Phormidium spLactobacillus carnis             Planococcus citreusLactobacillus casei             Propionibacterium acnesLactobacillus divergens             PropionibacteriumLactobacillus helveticus             freudenreichiiLactobacillus jensenii             Rhodococcus equiLactobacillus kefir             Rhodococcus erythropolisLactobacillus xylosis             Sarcina maximaLactococcus garviae             Staphylococcus aureusLactococcus lactis             Staphylococcus epidermidisLactococcus plantarum             Staphylococcus hominisLeptothrix buccalis             Staphylococcus warneriLeuconostoc lactis             StomatococcusLeuconostoc mesenteroides             mucilaginosusLeuconostoc oenos StreptobacillusListeria grayi    moniliformisListeria innocua  Streptococcus dysgalactiaeListeria monocytogenes             Streptococcus equiMicrococcus agilis             Streptococcus equisimilusMicrococcus cryophilus             Streptococcus faecalisMicrococcus halobius             Streptococcus pyogenes Micrococcus luteus             Streptomyces albulusMycobacterium aurum             Streptomyces vulgarisMycobacterium avium______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE V______________________________________GRAM POSITIVE SPORE FORMING BACTERIABacillus            Clostridium______________________________________acidocaldarius      acetobutylicumalcalophilus        acidiuricialvei               aerotoleransaminoglucosidicus   barkerianeurinolyticus     beijerinckiianthracis           bifermentansbadius              botulinumbrevis              cadaveriscapitovalis         carniscereus              cellulolyticumchitinosporus       chauvoeicirulans            clostridiiformecirroflagellosus    coccoidescoagulans           collagenovoransepiphytus           cylindrosporumfastidiosus         difficilefilicolonicus       durumfirmus              flavumfreudenreichii      formicoaceticumfrustosus           haemolyticumglobigii            hastiformeglobisporus         histolyticumgordonae            indolisimplexus            kaneboiinsolitus           kluyverilaevolacticus       lentoputrescenslarvae              limosumlaterosporus        lortetiilentimorbus         perfringenslentus              putrificumlichentiformis      septicummegaterium          sordelliimycoides            sporogenespumilus             tetanischlegelii          tetanomorphumstearothermophilus  thermocellumsubtilis            thermolacticumthuringiensis       tyrobutyricumxerothermodurans    villosum______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE VI______________________________________FUNGI______________________________________Absidia blakesleeana            Entonaema liquescensAchaetomium luteum            Epidermophyton floccosumAchlya hypogyna  Filobasidiella neoformansAciculoconidium aculeatum            Fonsecaea pedrosoiAcladium castellanii            Fusarium solaniAcemoniella lutzi            Geotrichum candidumAcrodontium salmoneum            Gibberella baccataActinodendron verticillatum            Gymnosporangium globosumActinomucor elegans            Histoplasma capsulatumAcytostelium elipticum            Kluyveromyces wickerhamiiAgaricus abruptibulbus            Madurella mycetomiAgaricus campestris            Melampsora medusaeAkenomyces costatus            Microsporum canisAlternaria alternata            Mucor hiemalisAlternaria citri Nectriella pironiiArmillaria limonea            Neurospora tetraspermaArthrobotrys oligospora            Paecilomyces lilacinusAnthroderma benhamiae            Penicillium aurantiogriseumAnthroderma gypseum            Phialophora richardsiaeAnthroderma incurvatum            Phycomyces nitensArticulospora tetracladia            Pichia membranaefaciensAspergillus carneus            Pityrosporium ovaleAspergillus fischeri            Pseudallescheria boydiiAspergillus fumigatus            Puccinia graminisAspergillus niger            Pyrenophora trichostomaAureobasidium mansonii            Rhizoctonia repensBasidiobolus haptosporus            Rhizomucor pusillusBlastobotrys aristata            Rhizopus microsporusBlastomyces dermatitidis            Rhodotorula rubraBlastoschizomyces capitatus            Rhynchosporium secalisBotrytis squamosa            Saccharomyces cerevisiaeByssochlamys fulva            Sclerotium rolfsiiCandida albicans Sporothrix schenckiiCandida tropicalis            Sporotrichum thermophileCephalosporium deformans            Stemphylium botryosumCeratocytis ulmi Torula thermophilaChaetomium globosum            Torulopsis pintolopesiiChrysosporium pannorum            Trichoderma polysporumCladosporium carpophilum            Trichophyton mentagrophytesCladosporium resinae            Trichophyton rubrumCoccidioides immitis            Ulocladium botrytisCronartium fusiforme            Uromyces phaseoliCryptococcus neoformans            Verticillium nigrescensCurvularia prasadii            Xylohypha bantianaDictyostelium discoideum            Yarrowia lipolytica            Zygosaccharomyces bailii______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE VII______________________________________PROTISTS - ALGAE/PROTOZOA______________________________________Acanthamoeba astronyxis             Leishmani hertigiA. castellanii    Leishmania mexicanaA. culbertsoni    Leishmania tropicaA. hatchetti      Leptomonas pyrrhocorisA. lenticulata    Lingulamoeba leeiA. polyphaga      Lohomonas piriformisA. royreba        Monocercomonas colubrorumBabesia microti   Muriella aurantiacaBotrydium cystosum             Naegleria australiensisCephaleuros virescens             Naegleria fowleriChlamydomonas dorsoventralis             Naegleria gruberiChlorella protothecoides             Naegleria jadiniChlorella saccharophilia             Nosema necatrixChlorella sorokiniana             Ochromonoas malhamensisChlorella variegata             Paramecium primaureliaChlorella xanthella             ParameciumChlorella zopfingiensis             multimicronucleatumChlorogonium elongatum             Pentatrichoimonas hominisCrithidia fasciculata             Plasmodium brasilianumDientamoeba fragilis             Plasmodium coatneyiDunaliella tertiolecta             Plasmodium cynomolgiEntamoeba coli    Plasmodium falciparumEntamoeba gingivalis             Plasmodium vivaxEntamoeba histolytica             Prototheca wickerhamiiEuglena gracilis  Tetracystis disociataGiardia intestinalis             Tetrahymena borealisGiardia lamblia   Tetrahymena thermophilaHaematococcus lacustris             Trichomonas gallinaeHartmannella limax             Trichomonas vaginalisHerpetomonas mariadeanei             Tritrichomonas foetusLeishmania braziliensis             Trypanosoma bruceiLeishmania donovani             Trypanosoma cruzi______________________________________