Abstract:
A system for automatically tracking documents printed from a printing device includes a database adapted to maintain data corresponding to the identity and location of at least one document. The at least one document has at least one page. A processor is in operative communication with the database to provide a document file containing both a printable content and an RFID taggable content. The processor is configured to provide the printable content to the printing device and the taggable content to an RFID tag writer. The RFID tag writer is adapted to install diagnostic data corresponding to the printing device on at least one of a first RFID tag and a second RFID tag and security data corresponding to the at least one document on at least one of the first and second RFID tags. A container is configured to retain the at least one document and an RFID tag dispenser is configured to attach the first RFID tag to at least one page of the at least one document and the second RFID tag to at least one page of the at least one document.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    1. Technical Field 
         [0002]    The present disclosure relates to printing systems and methods, and, in particular, to a system and method for automatically recording and tracking print jobs from a printing device. 
         [0003]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0004]    RFID is a method for automatic identification which uses radiofrequency (RF) signals. A device known as an RFID interrogator which includes an RFID writer and/or a RFID reader, wirelessly reads, and optionally, writes data stored in a transponder, known as an RFID tag, that is physically attached to an article, such as a product, packaging or shipping container. Typically, an RFID tag consists of two main components: an integrated circuit (IC) for storing and processing data and for modulating and demodulating the RF signal, and an antenna coupled to the chip that enables the chip to exchange data between the tag and interrogator. An RFID tag can be read-only, wherein the IC contains unalterable data, such as a unique identification code indelibly encoded by the tag manufacturer which is used to uniquely identify the tag. Alternatively, an RFID tag can be read-write, wherein the stored data can be changed or deleted. Typically, however, a read-write RFID tag will also contain read-only data, such as an indelible unique identification code, so that individual tags can be uniquely identified. 
         [0005]    RFID tags ordinarily range in sizes from several inches to sizes no larger than a grain of rice. RFID tags can be constructed using an essentially planar form factor and incorporated into a self-adhesive label, for example. It is expected the ability to print RFID tags, much like a barcode is printed, will eventually become widespread using, for example, techniques developed by Xerox for depositing liquid polythiophene semiconductors onto a surface at room temperature. 
         [0006]    RFID systems typically employ either far-field technology, in which the distance between the reader and the tag is great compared to the wavelength of the carrier signal, or near-field technology, in which the operating distance is less than one wavelength of the carrier signal, to facilitate communication between the RFID reader and RFID tag. In far-field applications, the RFID reader generates and transmits an RF request signal via an antenna to all tags within range of the antenna. One or more of the tags that receive the RF signal responds to the reader using a backscattering technique in which the tags modulate and reflect the received RF signal. In near-field applications, the RFID reader and tag communicate via mutual inductance between corresponding reader and tag inductors. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a system for automatically tracking documents printed from a printing device includes a database adapted to maintain data corresponding to the identity and location of at least one document. The at least one document has at least one page. A processor is in operative communication with the database to provide a document file containing both a printable content and an RFID taggable content. The processor is configured to provide the printable content to the printing device and the taggable content to an RFID tag writer. The RFID tag writer is adapted to install diagnostic data corresponding to the printing device on at least one of a first RFID tag and a second RFID tag and security data corresponding to the at least one document on at least one of the first and second RFID tags. A container is configured to retain the at least one document and an RFID tag dispenser is configured to attach the first RFID tag to at least one page of the at least one document and the second RFID tag to at least one page of the at least one document. 
         [0008]    According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a system for automatically tracking print jobs printed from a printing device includes a database adapted to maintain data corresponding to the identity and location of at least one print job. The print job includes at least one page. A processor is in operative communication with the database to provide a document file containing both a printable content and an RFID taggable content. The processor is configured to provide the printable content to the printing device and the taggable content to an RFID tag writer. The RFID tag writer is adapted to install diagnostic data corresponding to the printing device on at least one of a first RFID tag and a second RFID tag and security data corresponding to the at least one print job on at least one of the first and second RFID tags. A container is configured to retain the at least one print job and an RFID tag dispenser is configured to attach the first and second RFID tags to the at least one page of the at least one print job. At least one RFID tag reader is configured to read at least one of the first and second RFID tags to track the movement of the at least one print job. 
         [0009]    The present disclosure also provides for a method for automatically tracking documents printed from a printing device. The method includes maintaining data corresponding to the identity and location of at least one document having at least one page and providing a printable content to the printing device and a taggable content to an RFID tag writer. The method also includes installing diagnostic data corresponding to the printing device on at least one of a first RFID tag and a second RFID tag and security data corresponding to the at least one document on at least one of the first and second RFID tags. The method also includes retaining the at least one document in a container and attaching the first RFID tag to at least one page of the at least one document and the second RFID tag to at least one page of the at least one document. The method also includes reading at least one of the first and second RFID tags to track the movement of the at least one document. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]    These and other advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the various embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the drawings wherein: 
           [0011]      FIG. 1  is a schematic view of a typical RFID tag; 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  is a similar view of an RFID tag and associated reader; 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  is a schematic view of a system for automatically tracking printed documents employing an RFID enable printer; and 
           [0014]      FIG. 4  is a similar view illustrating components and operation of an RFID enable printer. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0015]    Embodiments of the presently disclosed advertisement system will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views. 
         [0016]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , there is shown a typical RFID tag  10  for use in a system for automatically tracking printed documents and/or, more specifically, print jobs. The tag  10  includes a tag antenna  12  composed of a plurality of antenna elements  14  which, in this particular embodiment, are wound in a substantially rectangular pattern and connected to an integrated circuit chip  16 , also known as a radio frequency identification chip. Within the tag  10 , data storage and processing as well as radio frequency (RF) communication functions are performed by the RF identification chip  16 . 
         [0017]    As shown in  FIG. 2 , the chip  16  is a passive type and may include, for example, a memory core  18  (e.g. an EEPROM or flash memory), which stores the data, a power supply regulator  20 , which rectifies and otherwise conditions alternating current induced in the antenna  12  by a time-varying RF signal provided by a reader or coupler  22  and its antenna  24  for use in the tag  10  as a direct current power source, and receiver/emitter modules  26 ,  28  (e.g., compatible with the ISO 14443 standard). 
         [0018]    The reader  22  includes a transmitter  30  that generates the time-varying RF signal transmitted by the antenna  24 . As a result of electromagnetic coupling between the tag antenna  12  and the reader antenna  24 , a portion of the RF signal transmitted by the tag antenna  12  enters the reader antenna  24  and is separated from the transmitted signal by a detector  32  (e.g., an envelope detector). The separated signal is passed to a receiver  34 , where it is amplified, decoded and presented via a microcontroller  36  to a controller  38 , which may be a host computer, for example. 
         [0019]    Referring now to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , there is shown an RFID system for automatically tracking printed documents in a typical office environment. The system includes a database  40 , which may be created and maintained by a host computer  42 , and an RFID enabled printer  44 . The printer  44  may be any standard type office printer equipped with the usual components, such as a marking device, toner, fuser rolls and media supply such as plain paper sheets. However, the printer  44 , in this case, is equipped with an RFID writer  46  (see  FIG. 4 ), an RFID tag dispenser  48  and a print controller  50 . The print controller  50  is configured to handle the RFID indexing data or taggable content as well as the usual print content for printing the documents  52 . Print content may include, for example, a printed bar code or a glyph that includes information identical to the taggable content on a given document  52  (i.e., a duplicate of the taggable content), or a symbol, text, or graphic that conveys the taggable content. The RFID tag dispenser  48  may be a separate unit for attaching or printing one or more RFID tags  10  directly onto the documents  52  or the tag dispenser and RFID writer may be combined into a single unit as shown in  FIG. 3 . The documents  52  may be, for example, a print job having multiple pages and or books, a document book having one or more pages, or the like. 
         [0020]    In the illustrated embodiment, a pair of RFID tags  10  are applied to the printed documents  52  after the documents have been printed (e.g., via a so-called “interposer tray) but before they exit the printer  44 , usually via an output station  54 . In embodiments, the pair of RFID tags  10  may be applied to the printed documents  52  during the flow of printing (e.g., while in the so-called “stacker”) or prior to printing (e.g., via a so-called “feeder tray”). RFID tags  10  may be placed onto only the first page of the document or a print job (e.g., title page), on all pages of a print job, a random page of a print job, or a last page of a print job, for example. As shown in  FIG. 3 , a pair of tags  10  is placed on the backside of the printed document  52  as shown by the folded-down right hand corner facing the front of the document. This location is ideal since it is non-intrusive to reading or handling of the document and yet is readily accessible to both the RFID writing and reading processes. 
         [0021]    Once an RFID tag  10  has been printed and attached to a document  52  for a given print job, the document  52  and/or print job may be transferred to a transport container  58  for subsequent delivery, sorting, handling, distribution, and/or shipment to a customer. Typical transport containers that may be used include various types of boxes, containers, binders, jackets, dockets, envelopes, clips, bi-fold, side-fold, expandable and tri-fold file folders, and generally anything that can retain or hold together a plurality of printed documents. 
         [0022]    Alternatively or additionally, one or more separate RFID tags  60  is then attached to the transport container  58  to identify the container as well as the documents and/or print jobs therein. The RFID tags  60  can also be employed to identify a particular class or category of files, documents, print jobs, or the like, kept inside the container  58 . 
         [0023]    Advantageously, by providing a pair of RFID tags  10  on the document  52  and/or a pair of RFID tags  60  on the container  58 , a first tag may be utilized to store diagnostic information, while a second tag may be utilized to store security information (e.g., RFID tags  60  on the container  58  may be utilized to control security of documents and/or ensure proper delivery and record keeping after processing and distribution of printed jobs, etc.). For example, the first tag may include diagnostic information regarding the printing process and/or printer  44  from which the document  52  was printed and tagged. Diagnostic information regarding the printing process and/or printer  44  may include, for example, a printer number, a printer serial number, a printer model number, printer ink used, date and time of print job, user name and/or user identification number of individual or group printing or requesting printing of the document  52 , number of pages in a document  52  and/or print job, half-tone screen pattern, paper weight/type, etc. The second tag may include security information regarding the identity and location of the document  52  and/or the identity and location of the container  58  for purposes of actively tracking documents, print jobs, and/or containers. More specifically, partial or complete page content (e.g., print content) of the document  52  may be stored as data and/or metadata on the second tag. Further, the second tag may store complementary encryption data to secure and/or decode the stored page content. In this manner, the partial or complete page content for any one or more pages of the document  52  may be securely stored as data and/or metadata in the tags  10 ,  60  for subsequent retrieval and printing. 
         [0024]    In embodiments, the tags  10 ,  60  may have the capability to be read together at a large distance (e.g., far field), or to be read as a single item and separate from other tags  10 ,  60  located close by (e.g., near field). More specifically, a given document  52  or print job may include a first tag  10  having the capability to be read by the reader  22  via far field reading and a second tag  10  having the capability to be read by the reader  22  via near field reading. Similarly, the container  58  may include a first tag  60  having the capability to be read by the reader  22  via far field technology and a second tag  60  having the capability to be read by the reader  22  via near field reading. 
         [0025]    Because tags  10 ,  60  are read together in the same RF field, the tags  10 ,  60  may compete to transmit data at the same time. To prevent this, the tags  10 ,  60  may employ an anti-collision technique, which allows the reader  22  ( FIG. 2 ) to receive data from each tag  10 ,  60  on a one-by-one basis. Any suitable anti-collision technique may be employed. For example, a so-called “gap-pulse” technique may be used wherein, in response to the receiver  34  detecting signal collision from competing tags  10 ,  60 , the microcontroller  36  causes the transmitter  30  to transmit a gap pulse via antenna  24 . When each tag  10 ,  60  recognizes the gap pulse, it ceases further transmission of data until it counts a randomly generated number. Each tag  10 ,  60  will finish counting the number in different time and, as a result, will transmit its data at a different time. 
         [0026]      FIG. 4  shows schematically the components and operation of the RFID enabled printer  44 . The RFID tags  10  are created and attached to the documents  52  at the time of printing in a non-intrusive operation. As shown, the computer  42  prepares or publishes the document file  62  that communicates both the printable content of the document and an RFID taggable content to the print controller  50 . The printable content is normally created at the computer  42  and is stored in the database  40  as an electronic copy of the document  52 . The taggable content may be created by the computer  42  and may also be stored within the database  40 . The taggable content includes appropriate RFID indicator markings which are indicative of the identity and location of the document  52  when placed inside a container  58 . The user or creator loads the document file  62  appropriately so that it can be leveraged or used by all the day-to-day office applications from which printing can be invoked. Usually, at the time of printing, any office application can be employed to print the document  52 . 
         [0027]    The database  40  contains all of the information extracted from the document  52  received by the controller  50  such as electronic copy of the document, the indexed content such as document ID, summarized content, key words in the document, customized data such as variable print data, meta-data such as username, time of printing, job data, subject, distribution list, number of copies made or to be made, etc. It is this database that helps to deal with the size of the indexed data, that is, if the size of the data is too large to fit into the RFID tag memory, only an appropriate URL or a pointer will go on the RFID memory and that pointer will point to the content stored in the database  40 . The database  40  may be associated with the computer  42  as shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4  or it may be located in another area or part of the system, for example, the database may be located inside the printer  44 . 
         [0028]    The document file  62  computes the markings or indexing which include all of the key terms included in the document, compressed byte-stream of the entire content or the content as-is, summary of the content, any automated classification information, subject, key word, author, etc. In general, any of the electronic indexing techniques can be employed to create the taggable content of the RFID tag  10 . The document file  62  adds all the index information with clear identification marks into the same file that includes the traditional printable content. The document file  62  can also be configured to produce an interface  64  associated with the host computer  42  for the user&#39;s input of any desired modification of the RFID content. 
         [0029]    Once the print job has been created, the document file  62  is transferred to the print controller  50  inside the printer  44 . The print controller  50  parses the print job and identifies the RFID taggable content  66  and the printable content  68 . The print controller  50  delivers the printable content  68  in a traditional way to the printing or marking device  70  and the RFID content  66  to the RFID writer  46 . The marking device  70  prints the printable content onto plain paper from the paper supply  72  while the RFID writer  46  electronically embeds the applicable indexing data onto a blank RFID tag  10  from the tag supply  74 . The RFID tag dispenser  48  attaches a pair of data loaded RFID tags  10  onto the printed document  52 , ideally on the back side of the document as described above. The RFID tags  10  may be allocated to any specific page, the first or last page, for example, and can be attached to either side of the printed document. 
         [0030]    The RFID tags  10  may be attached to the document  52  by an adhesive, by a removable adhesive, by a magnetic material, or by an embedding procedure. Attachment may be permanent or removable. The RFID tags  10  may be embedded to a surface of the document  52  using a process such as Printed Organic Electronics (POE) using a reel-to-reel fabrication process to print the RFID tags  10  on a writing surface. 
         [0031]    In the embodiment illustrated, the tag dispenser  48  is located between the printing or marking device  70  and the printer output  54  so that RFID tags  10  may be attached to the document  52  as it exits the printer  44 . In certain embodiments, however, the tag dispenser  48  may be independent of the printer  44 , located either ahead of the printer or after the printer, in the disclosed system. In fact, the tag dispenser  48  may be eliminated altogether in a system that employs a medium, such as paper sheets, that are manufactured with an RFID tag already attached to or embedded within the medium at the paper mill. The tag dispenser  48  also would not be required in systems employing a printer  44  capable of printing the RFID tag directly onto the sheet medium during the printing process. In all such cases, of course, the printer  44  may still employ an RFID writer for electronically loading the indexed data and/or other information onto the printed RFID tag. 
         [0032]    The RFID tags  60  can be created for the container  58  shown in  FIG. 3  using standard writing processes or by using the above described printing operation that is employed for creating and attaching document tags. The folder tags  60  can describe the overall nature of the documents as well as the class/category of the documents to be contained in each folder. 
         [0033]    In embodiments, one or more RFID readers (not explicitly shown) may be embedded within the container  58  to detect and read all identifiable tags  10  inside the container  58 . Further, one or more RFID writers (not explicitly shown) may be disposed within the container  58  for addressing, installing or changing the stored data within each RFID tag  10  relative to the identity and location of each document  52 . A suitable two-way communication device (e.g., a transceiver) may also be disposed within the container  58  (for wirelessly receiving and transmitting data between the database  40  and RFID tags  10 . In this scenario, the tags  10 ,  60  may employ an anti-collision technique, which allows the reader to receive data from each tag  10 ,  60  on a one-by-one basis. Any suitable anti-collision technique may be employed. 
         [0034]    It will be appreciated that variations of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.