Abstract:
An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protective device structure is disclosed. The ESD protection device includes: at least a first conductive type metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS), in which the drain and source of the first conductive type MOS are electrically connected to a first power terminal and a second power terminal separately; at least a second conductive type diffusion region; and at least a dummy gate disposed between the first conductive type MOS and the second conductive type diffusion region, wherein the gate length of the dummy gate is less than the gate length of the first conductive type MOS gate, such that the junction between the second conductive type diffusion region and the drain of the first conductive type MOS have a low breakdown voltage.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/160,518, filed on Jun. 28, 2005, and all benefits of such earlier application are hereby claimed for this new continuation application. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The invention relates to an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Prior Art 
         [0005]    With the continued miniaturization of integrated circuit (IC) devices, the current trend in the sub-quarter-micron complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) industry is to produce integrated circuits having shallower junction depths, thinner gate oxides, lightly-doped drain (LDD) structures, shallow trench isolation (STI) structures, and self-aligned silicide (salicide) processes. Nevertheless, all of these processes cause the related CMOS IC products to become more susceptible to electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. Therefore, ESD protection circuits are built onto the chip to protect the devices and circuits of the IC against ESD damage. It is generally desired that the ESD robustness for commercial IC products be higher than 2 kV in human-body-model (HBM) ESD stress, and in order to sustain ESD overstress, devices with large dimensions need to be designed into the on-chip ESD protection circuit, and require a large total layout area on the silicon substrate. 
         [0006]    Typically, the NMOS of an I/O ESD protection circuit has a total channel width of greater than 300 μm. With such large device dimensions, the NMOS is often realized with multiple fingers in the layout. However, under ESD stress, the multiple fingers of ESD protection NMOS do not uniformly turn on to bypass the ESD current. Only a portion of the fingers of the NMOS may be turned on, and consequently lead to damage from the ESD pulse. In this case, although the ESD protection NMOS has a very large device dimension, the ESD protection level is low. 
         [0007]    In order to improve the turn-on uniformity among the multiple fingers, a gate-driven design has been commonly used to increase the protection level of the ESD protection device within large scale NMOS devices. However, it has been found that the ESD protection level of the gate-driven NMOS decreases dramatically when the gate voltage is somewhat increased. As it turns out, the gate-driven design pulls ESD current flowing through the channel surface of the NMOS. The NMOS is thus more easily burnt-out by the ESD energy. 
         [0008]    Please refer to  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 1  is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional ESD protection design by utilizing a gate-driven technique. Since all ESD protection designs using the gate-driven technique have the same basic idea, they may be generally illustrated as disclosed in  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , the ESD protection circuit design  10  includes an ESD protection NMOS  12 . The NMOS  12  includes a source  13 , a drain  14  and a gate  16 . The drain  14  of the NMOS  12  is electrically connected to a pad  18  and the gate  16  is biased by a gate-biasing circuit  20 . The gate-biasing circuit  20  is typically designed with a coupled capacitor (not shown) electrically connected from the pad  18  to the gate and a resistor (not shown) electrically connected from the gate  16  to a V SS  power terminal. Additionally, an internal circuit  22  is electrically connected to the pad  18  through a conductor  23 . 
         [0009]    When a positive ESD voltage zaps the pad  18 , a sharp-rising ESD voltage pulse is coupled to the gate  16  of the ESD protection NMOS  12 . The ESD protection NMOS  12  is thus turned on to discharge the ESD current from the pad  18  to the V SS  power terminal. This is the so-called gate-coupled design or gate-driven design. The gate bias improves the turn-on uniformity of the multiple fingers of the ESD protection NMOS, but an excessive gate bias also causes the ESD current to flow through the inversion layer of the surface channel of the ESD protection NMOS  12 , which can burn out the channel of the NMOS  12 . 
         [0010]    Please refer to  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of an ESD current path flowing through a gate-driven NMOS device. As shown in  FIG. 2 , an ESD protection NMOS device  30  includes a P substrate  31 , a P-well  32  in the P substrate  31 , and an NMOS transistor  34  in the P-well  32 . The NMOS transistor  34  includes a source  35 , a drain  36  and a doped polysilicon gate  37 , and two lightly doped drains (LDD)  38  adjacent to the source  35  and drain  36  respectively. The source  35  region is electrically connected to a V SS  power terminal, the drain  36  region is electrically connected to a pad  40 , and the gate  37  region is electrically connected to a gate-biasing circuit  42 . In  FIG. 2 , ESD damage is often located at the surface channel close to the LDD  38  edge of the drain  36 . 
         [0011]    The gate-biasing circuit  42  generates a high voltage (V G ) to bias the gate  37  of the NMOS transistor  34  during positive ESD zapping events. The generated V G  gate voltage turns on the surface channel of the NMOS. Unfortunately, the surface channel of the NMOS  34  having a structure with a much shallower junction depth and smaller volume is more susceptible to ESD damage. As a result, the overheating caused by the damage may also damage the NMOS  34  itself. The ESD damage is often located at the surface channel close to the LDD  38  corner of the drain  36 . In general, a large ESD current (typically 1.33 Amp, for a 2 kV HMB ESD event) flowing through the very shallow surface channel of the NMOS transistor  34  often burns out the NMOS transistor  34  even if the NMOS  34  has large device dimensions. 
         [0012]    Please refer to  FIG. 3 .  FIG. 3  is a perspective diagram showing the means of forming a diffusion region below the well of a conventional ESD protection device. As shown in  FIG. 3 , in order to reduce the burnout of the surface channel of the NMOS  34 , a P+ diffusion region  33  is often formed below the drain  36  of the conventional ESD protection device  30  to lower the breakdown voltage of the PN junction formed between the drain  36  and the P-well  32 . Since the P+ diffusion region  33  is formed below the drain  36 , processes including a deep well fabrication process, a salicide block (SAB) mask, and an ion implantation have to be performed or utilized to lower the breakdown voltage between junctions to improve the efficiency of the ESD protection device, and thereby increase the complexity of the fabrication processes and cause misalignment problems. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0013]    It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide an ESD protection device for solving the above-mentioned problems. 
         [0014]    According to the present invention, an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device, wherein the ESD protection device is disposed on a substrate, the ESD protection device comprises: at least a first conductive type metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS), in which the drain and source of the first conductive type MOS are electrically connected to a first power terminal and a second power terminal separately; at least a second conductive type diffusion region; and at least a dummy gate disposed between the first conductive type MOS and the second conductive type diffusion region, in which the gate length of the dummy gate is less than the gate length of the first conductive type MOS gate, such that the junction between the second conductive type diffusion region and the drain of the first conductive type MOS have a low breakdown voltage. 
         [0015]    Additionally, the present invention discloses another electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device, in which the ESD protection device is disposed on a substrate, and the ESD protection device further includes: at least a first conductive type metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS), in which the drain and source of the first conductive type MOS are electrically connected to a first power terminal and a second power terminal separately; at least a second conductive type diffusion region; and at least a first conductive type lightly doped drain (LDD) disposed adjacent to the first conductive type MOS and the second conductive type diffusion region, such that the junction between the second conductive type diffusion region and the drain of the first conductive type MOS have a low breakdown voltage. 
         [0016]    In contrast to the conventional ESD protection device, the present invention discloses an ESD protection device structure by forming an N+ diffusion region and a P+ diffusion region separately on each end of the dummy gate for decreasing the breakdown voltage of the PN junction. Consequently, when the length of the dummy gate is decreased to a certain degree, the concentration of the PN junction created by the N+ diffusion region and the P+ diffusion region will be increased thereby greatly reducing the junction breakdown voltage and improving the overall efficiency of the ESD protection device. 
         [0017]    These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]      FIG. 1  is a schematic circuit diagram of a conventional ESD protection design by utilizing a gate-driven technique. 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of an ESD current path flowing through a gate-driven NMOS device. 
           [0020]      FIG. 3  is a perspective diagram showing the means of forming a diffusion region below the well of a conventional ESD protection device. 
           [0021]      FIG. 4  is a perspective diagram showing the ESD protection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0022]      FIG. 5  is a perspective diagram showing the ESD protection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 6  is a perspective diagram showing the ESD protection device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0024]      FIG. 7  is a perspective diagram showing the ESD protection device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0025]    Please refer to  FIG. 4 .  FIG. 4  is a perspective diagram showing an ESD protection device  90  according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 4 , the ESD protection device  90  is formed on the P-well  92  of a substrate  91 , in which the ESD protection device  90  includes two NMOS devices  93 , an I/O buffering pad (not shown) and a V ss  power terminal (not shown) electrically connected to the NMOS device  93 , a P+ diffusion region  100 , two P+ diffusion regions  99 , and two dummy gates  98  disposed between the NMOS device  93  and P+ diffusion region  100 . Preferably, the substrate  91  can be a P-type substrate or an N-type substrate and each of the NMOS devices  93  also includes a drain  96  electrically connected to the I/O buffering pad, a source  95  electrically connected to the V ss  power terminal, and a doped polysilicon gate  94 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , the P+ diffusion region  100  is in the same side as the drain  96  with respect to the source  95 , and the gate length of the dummy gates  98  is less than the gate length of the doped polysilicon gate of the NMOS device  93 . Additionally, the ESD protection device  90  further includes a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STI)  97  for separating the source  95  of the NMOS device  93  from the P+ diffusion region  99 , which has been serving as a pickup end of the P-type well  92 . 
         [0026]    Ideally, the present invention is able to utilize the same P-type ion implantation process and mask patterns of other PMOS devices on the substrate  91  and the dummy gates  98  to form and self align the P+ diffusion region  100  and increase the concentration of the PN junction created between the N+ diffusion region (i.e. the drain  96 ) and the P+ diffusion region  100 , thereby decreasing the breakdown voltage of the PN junction and improving the efficiency of the ESD protection device  90 . By eliminating the utilization of an extra salicide block mask and an ion implantation process for forming the P+ diffusion region  100 , the present invention is able to effectively reduce the complexity and misalignment problem of the conventional ESD protection device. Moreover, the efficiency will be even greater if the length of the dummy gates  98  is further decreased. 
         [0027]    In general, after an ESD voltage pulse is applied to the I/O buffering pad, the drain  96  of the NMOS device  93  and the P-well  92  will form a PN junction with a low breakdown voltage. Since the drain  96  and the source  95  of the NMOS device  93  and the P-well  92  form a parasitic lateral NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT), the ESD voltage pulse will be directed from the drain  96  to the P+ diffusion region  100 , from the P+ diffusion region  100  to the P-well  92  below the dummy gate  98 , from the dummy gate  98  to the source  95 , and will finally exit via the V ss  power terminal. 
         [0028]    Please refer to  FIG. 5 .  FIG. 5  is a perspective diagram showing the ESD protection device  110  according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 5 , an ESD protection device  110  is formed on the N-well  112  of a substrate  111 , in which the ESD protecting device  110  includes two PMOS devices  113 , an I/O buffering pad (not shown) and a V ss  power terminal (not shown) electrically connected to the PMOS device  113 , an N+ diffusion region  120 , two N+ diffusion regions  119 , and two dummy gates  118  disposed between the PMOS device  113  and N+ diffusion region  120 . Preferably, the substrate  111  can be a P-type substrate or an N-type substrate and each of the PMOS devices  113  also includes a drain  116  electrically connected to the I/O buffering pad, a source  115  electrically connected to the V ss  power terminal, and a doped polysilicon gate  114 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , the N+ diffusion region  120  is in the same side as the drain  116  with respect to the source  115 , and the gate length of the dummy gates  118  is less than the gate length of the doped polysilicon gate of the PMOS device  113 . 
         [0029]    Additionally, the ESD protection device  110  further includes a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STI)  117  for separating the source  115  of the PMOS device  113  from the N+ diffusion region  119 , which has been serving as a pickup end of the N-type well  112 . 
         [0030]    Similarly, after an ESD voltage pulse is applied to the I/O buffering pad, the drain  116  of the PMOS device  113  and the N-well  112  will form a PN junction with a low breakdown voltage. Since the drain  116  and the source  115  of the PMOS device  113  and the N-well  112  form a parasitic lateral PNP bipolar junction transistor (BJT), the ESD voltage pulse will be directed from the drain  116  to the P+ diffusion region  120  via the PN junction, from the P+ diffusion region  120  to the N-well  112  below the dummy gate  118 , from the N-well  112  to the source  115 , and will finally exit via the V ss  power terminal. 
         [0031]    Please refer to  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 6  is a perspective diagram showing the ESD protection device  130  according to the third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 6 , an ESD protection device  130  is formed on the P-well  132  of a substrate  131 , in which the ESD protection device  130  includes two NMOS devices  133 , an I/O buffering pad (not shown) and a V ss  power terminal (not shown) electrically connected to the NMOS device  133 , a P+ diffusion region  140 , two P+ diffusion regions  139 , and two N+ lightly doped drains (NLDD)  138  disposed between the NMOS device  133  and P+ diffusion region  140 . Preferably, the substrate  131  can be a P-type substrate or an N-type substrate and each of the NMOS devices  133  also includes a drain  136  electrically connected to the I/O buffering pad, a source  135  electrically connected to the V ss  power terminal, and a doped polysilicon gate  134 . Additionally, the ESD protection device  130  further includes a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STI)  137  for separating the source  135  of the NMOS device  133  from the P+ diffusion region  139 . 
         [0032]    In contrast to the previous embodiments, the two NLDDs  138  formed between the NMOS device  133  and the P+ diffusion region  140  are utilized for replacing the two dummy gates  98  and  118  from the previous embodiments, such that the distance between the P+ diffusion region  140  and the adjacent NLDDs  138  will become smaller, thereby facilitating the ESD protection device to be utilized in sub 90 nm fabrication processes. Additionally, the present embodiment is able to utilize the same P-type ion implantation process and mask patterns from other PMOS devices on the substrate  131  and the same ion implantation process and mask patterns required for the lightly doped drains of other NMOS devices on the substrate  131  to form the P+ diffusion region  140  and the two NLDDs  138  for increasing the concentration of the PN junction created between the N+ diffusion region (i.e. the drain  136 ) and the P+ diffusion region  140 , decreasing the breakdown voltage of the PN junction, and improving the efficiency of the ESD protection device  130 . By eliminating the utilization of an extra salicide block mask and an ion implantation process for forming the P+ diffusion region  140 , the present embodiment is able to effectively reduce the complexity and misalignment problem of the conventional ESD protection device. 
         [0033]    Similar to the previous embodiments, after an ESD voltage pulse is applied to the I/O buffering pad, the voltage pulse will be directed from the drain  136  to the P+ diffusion region  140  via the NLDD  138 , from the P+ diffusion region  140  to the P-well  132  below the NLDD  138 , from the P-well  132  to the source  135 , and will finally exit via the V ss  power terminal. 
         [0034]    Please refer to  FIG. 7 .  FIG. 7  is a perspective diagram showing the ESD protection device  150  according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 7 , an ESD protection device  150  is formed on the N-well  152  of a substrate  151 , in which the ESD protecting device  150  includes two PMOS devices  153 , an I/O buffering pad (not shown) and a V ss  power terminal (not shown) electrically connected to the PMOS device  153 , an N+ diffusion region  160 , two N+ diffusion regions  159 , and two P+ lightly doped drains (PLDD)  158  disposed between the PMOS device  153  and N+ diffusion region  160 . Preferably, the substrate  151  can be a P-type substrate or an N-type substrate and each of the PMOS devices  153  also includes a drain  156  electrically connected to the I/O buffering pad, a source  155  electrically connected to the V ss  power terminal, and a doped polysilicon gate  154 . Additionally, the ESD protection device  150  further includes a plurality of shallow trench isolations (STI)  157  for separating the source  155  of the PMOS device  153  from the N+ diffusion region  159 . 
         [0035]    Similar to the third embodiment of the present invention, the two PLDDs  138  formed between the NMOS device  133  and the P+ diffusion region  140  are utilized for replacing the two dummy gates  98  and  118  from the previous embodiments. Hence after an ESD voltage pulse is applied to the I/O buffering pad, the voltage pulse will be directed from the drain  156  to the N+ diffusion region  160  via the PLDD  158 , from the N+ diffusion region  160  to the N-well  152  below the PLDD  158 , from the N-well  152  to the source  155 , and will finally exit via the V ss  power terminal. 
         [0036]    In contrast to the conventional ESD protection device, the present invention discloses an ESD protection device structure by forming an N+ diffusion region and a P+ diffusion region separately on each end of the dummy gate for decreasing the breakdown voltage of the PN junction. As a result, when the length of the dummy gate is decreased to a certain degree, the concentration of the PN junction created by the N+ diffusion region and the P+ diffusion region will be increased respectively, thereby greatly reducing the junction breakdown voltage and improving the overall efficiency of the ESD protection device. For instance, the breakdown voltage of a normal PN junction usually lies around 9V and when the length of the dummy gate of the present invention decreases to approximately 0.15 μm, the junction breakdown voltage is able to be reduced to 6V. Eventually, users are able to selectively manipulate the length of the dummy gate such that the junction breakdown voltage is around 7V to control the common working voltage of the ESD protection device to be under 3.3V for achieving optimal performance and stability. Additionally, the present invention also discloses a structure of forming two N+ lightly doped drains between each NMOS and the P+ diffusion region, or alternatively, forming two P+ lightly doped drains between each PMOS and the N+ diffusion region for replacing the two dummy gates and serving as a bridge between the diffusion regions and other devices, thereby reducing the complexity of fabrication processes, decreasing the PN junction breakdown voltage, and improving the overall effectiveness of the ESD protection device. 
         [0037]    Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.