Abstract:
Among several problems associated with the prior art is the problem that if the gradient of the temperature increases existing during trouble is too steep, the memory media themselves become damaged during storage of the corresponding trouble information into the control apparatus itself and consequently, the trouble information cannot be saved.  
     In order to solve the above problems, such configuration is adopted that makes it possible to monitor the internal temperature and ambient temperature of the control apparatus and to save the appropriate information in the memory media of the control apparatus if the difference between the above temperatures oversteps the required temperature range.  
     Even if the temperature gradient is too steep, the required information can be saved in the memory media of the control apparatus.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a control apparatus and its failure analysis, particularly to the technology for analyzing control apparatus failures by recording whether the failure in the control apparatus is caused by increases in temperature due to an internal element failure in the control apparatus itself or by increases in temperature due to a system failure.  
           [0002]    The configuration in prior art was such that as described in, for example, Japanese Application Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2000-267522, after the temperature of the control apparatus has been monitored using temperature sensors, when the detected temperature is higher or lower than a predetermined temperature that has been set as the judgment criterion, that state is detected as trouble and the control apparatus itself stores the corresponding trouble information or issues a warning to the user by use of a display unit.  
           [0003]    The above-described prior art has the problem that for example, if the gradient of the temperature increases existing during trouble is too steep, the memory media themselves become damaged during storage of the corresponding trouble information into the control apparatus itself and consequently, the trouble information cannot be saved.  
           [0004]    The prior art also poses the problem that when a failure in the control apparatus is analyzed, it cannot be judged whether the failure was caused by an abnormal ambient temperature or by trouble with the internal elements of the control apparatus itself.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    The object of the present invention is to supply a control apparatus which, even if the temperature gradient is too steep, can save the required information in the memory media of the control apparatus or analyze whether the failure was caused by an abnormal ambient temperature or by trouble with the internal elements of the control apparatus itself.  
           [0006]    In order to attain the above object, the internal temperature of the control apparatus and the ambient temperature thereof are monitored and if the difference between these temperatures oversteps the required temperature range, trouble information will be stored into the memory media of the control apparatus. Also, the required relationship on the temperature difference between the internal temperature of the control apparatus and the ambient temperature thereof is considered to judge whether the failure was caused by an abnormal ambient temperature or by trouble with the internal elements of the control apparatus itself. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0007]    [0007]FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the control apparatus.  
         [0008]    [0008]FIG. 2 is a graph showing an embodiment of the control apparatus.  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 3 is a graph showing another embodiment of the control apparatus.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 4 is a graph showing yet another embodiment of the control apparatus.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 5 is a graph showing a further embodiment of the control apparatus.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the control apparatus.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing yet another embodiment of the control apparatus.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a further embodiment of the control apparatus.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the control apparatus.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the control apparatus.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of the control apparatus. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0018]    The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below using FIG. 1.  
         [0019]    Control apparatus  11  comprises an internal temperature sensor  14  for detecting the internal temperature of the control apparatus, an external temperature sensor  15  for detecting the external temperature of the control apparatus, a CPU  12  capable of acquiring temperature information from the above-mentioned temperature sensors, an internal memory medium (memory  13 ) connected to the above-mentioned CPU  12  in order to store the information that has undergone required processing, and a monitoring unit  16  connected to CPU  12  and capable of reading out internal information from the above-mentioned internal memory medium  13 .  
         [0020]    An embodiment of control apparatus  11  is described below using FIGS. 1, 2,  3 ,  4 ,  5 , and  9 .  
         [0021]    First, the detection of control apparatus internal failures, based on the prior art, is described.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the control apparatus internal temperature and ambient temperature, established by the occurrence of a control apparatus internal element failure.  
         [0023]    The factors in the figure denote the control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  that was detected by the internal temperature sensor  14  of control apparatus  11 , the control apparatus external temperature T OIL    26  that was detected by the external temperature sensor  15  of the control apparatus, the time  21  at which an internal element failure in the control apparatus is likely to occur, the temperature T BR    22  at which an internal element failure in the control apparatus is likely to occur, a failure detection temperature T NG    23 , a unit time “Δt” ( 24   a ), a temperature rise “ΔT” ( 25   a ), the time “t1” ( 24 ) from the arrival of the above-mentioned control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  at the above-mentioned failure detection temperature T NG    23  to the arrival of control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  at T BR    22 , the temperature at which an internal element failure in the control apparatus is likely to occur.  
         [0024]    Next, the flow of processes up to failure detection is described.  
         [0025]    First, during normal operation of control apparatus  11 , while the internal temperature T PWB    25  of the control apparatus and the external temperature T OIL    26  of the control apparatus are lower than failure detection temperature T NG    23  and temperature T BR    22  at which an internal element failure in the control apparatus is likely to occur, and while the amount of heat occurring in the control apparatus is constant, internal temperature T PWB    25  and external temperature T OIL    26  always change with their difference remaining fixed (see the left of the dotted line shown as  21  in FIG. 2). Next, if a specific element inside control apparatus  11  fails to operate in, for example, short-circuit mode, the internal temperature T PWB    25  of the control apparatus will begin increasing at  21 , the time when an internal element failure in the control apparatus is likely to occur. If internal temperature T PWB    25  continues increasing, it will reach the failure detection temperature T NG    23  of control apparatus  11 . At this time, CPU  12  will judge control apparatus  11  to be abnormal, and the CPU will start saving predetermined control data in internal memory medium  13 . If internal temperature T PWB    25  further continues increasing, it will reach temperature T BR    22  at which the control apparatus is likely to encounter some other internal element failure, with the result that some other internal element of the control apparatus will fail.  
         [0026]    The saving of the above-mentioned control data in internal memory medium  13  must be executed during the time “t1” ( 24 ) from the arrival of control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  at failure detection temperature T NG    23  to the arrival of control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  at temperature T BR    22 , the temperature at which the control apparatus is likely to encounter some other internal element failure.  
         [0027]    For example, if the internal temperature of the control apparatus increases too abruptly, control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  will increase in temperature rise “ΔT” ( 25   a ) per unit time “Δt” ( 24   a ). That is to say, the time “t1” ( 24 ) from the arrival of control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  at failure detection temperature T NG    23  to the arrival of control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  at temperature T BR    22  (the temperature at which the control apparatus is likely to encounter some other internal element failure), will be reduced since the slope of control apparatus internal temperature T PWB  will become steep. Consequently, it may not be possible to obtain a sufficient time for the control data to be saved in internal memory medium  13 .  
         [0028]    There also occurs the problem that even after control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  has increased at a steep gradient, to extend the time “t1” ( 24 ) from the arrival of control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  at failure detection temperature T NG    23  to the arrival of control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  at temperature T BR    22  (the temperature at which the control apparatus is likely to encounter some other internal element failure), failure detection temperature T NG    23  must be set to a smaller value and consequently, it becomes absolutely necessary to make narrower the ambient temperature range in which control apparatus  11  can operate properly.  
         [0029]    In addition, the prior art creates the problem that because of the absence of the concept that the judgment of whether the failure in control apparatus  11  is due to an increase in the internal temperature of the control apparatus or due to an increase in its external temperature is not based on such distinction, the above judgment cannot be performed even by conducting failure analyses based on the control data that was stored into the internal memory medium  13  of the control apparatus.  
         [0030]    Next, the detection of control apparatus internal failures, based on the present invention, is described.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the control apparatus internal temperature and external temperature, established by the occurrence of a control apparatus internal failure.  
         [0032]    The factors in the figure denote the time  31  at which the relationship  
           T   PWB   &gt;f ( X )  (Expression 1)  
           f ( X )≡ T   OIL   +T   A   (Expression 2)  
         [0033]    is satisfied when the required temperature is taken as T A  ( 31   a ), and the time “t2” ( 32 ) from the above-mentioned time  31  to the arrival of control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  at T BR , the temperature at which an internal element failure in the control apparatus is likely to occur.  
         [0034]    Next, the flow of processes up to failure detection is described.  
         [0035]    First, during normal operation of control apparatus  11 , while the internal temperature T PWB    25  of the control apparatus and the external temperature T OIL    26  of the control apparatus are lower than failure detection temperature T NG    23  and the amount of heat occurring in the control apparatus is constant, internal temperature T PWB    25  and external temperature T OIL    26  always change with their difference remaining fixed. Next, if a specific element inside control apparatus  11  fails to operate in, for example, short-circuit mode, the internal temperature T PWB    25  of control apparatus will begin increasing at  21 , the time when an internal element failure in the control apparatus is likely to occur. If internal temperature T PWB    25  continues increasing, the time  31  when the relationship between expressions 1 and 2 above is satisfied will be reached. At this time, CPU  12  will judge control apparatus  11  to be abnormal, and the CPU will start saving predetermined control data in internal memory medium  13 . If internal temperature T PWB    25  further continues increasing, it will reach temperature T BR    25  at which the control apparatus is likely to encounter some other internal element failure, with the result that some other internal element of the control apparatus will fail.  
         [0036]    The saving of the above-mentioned control data in internal memory medium  13  must be executed during the time “t2” ( 32 ) from the arrival of T PWB    25  at  31 ; the level at which the relationship between expressions 1 and  2  above is satisfied, to the arrival of T PWB    25  at temperature T BR    22 , the temperature at which the control apparatus is likely to encounter some other internal element failure.  
         [0037]    In the present invention, the starting time of saving of the required control data is defined as the time a fixed relationship is established between the external temperature T OIL    26  and internal temperature T PWB    25  of the control apparatus (this relationship is described in detail later in this document). When control apparatus  11  is in normal operation, since the relationship between control apparatus external temperature T OIL    26  and control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  is usually equivalent to the relationship of “Control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25 =Control apparatus external temperature T OIL    26 +Temperature at which the control apparatus begins to generate heat internally”, the relationship  
           T   PWB   &gt;T   OIL   (Expression 3)  
         [0038]    is always established. The required temperature T A  ( 31   a ) mentioned above can therefore be defined by designing or measuring/confirming beforehand the internal heat-generating range existing during normal operation of control apparatus  11 .  
         [0039]    The saving of the above-mentioned control data in internal memory medium  13  must be executed during the time “t2” ( 32 ) from the arrival of T PWB    25  at  31 , the level at which the relationship between expressions 1 and  2  above is satisfied, to the arrival of T PWB    25  at temperature T BR    22 , the temperature at which the control apparatus is likely to encounter some other internal element failure. The starting timing of saving of the required control data in internal memory medium  13  is dictated by the parameters of control apparatus external temperature T OIL    26  and required temperature T A  ( 31   a ), and for this reason, the required control data can be saved at the time of detection of the minimum temperature rise at which a control apparatus internal element failure is likely to occur. Even if the internal temperature of the control apparatus increases abruptly, therefore, the time required for control data saving in internal memory medium  13  can be increased above the saving time required in the case of the prior art. In addition, since the starting timing of saving of the required control data in internal memory medium  13  is dictated by the fixed relationship between control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  and required temperature T A , this embodiment, unlike the prior art, does not create the problem that as a result of setting failure detection temperature T NG    23  to a smaller value in order to obtain a sufficient time for the required control data to be saved in internal memory medium  13 , the ambient temperature range in which control apparatus  11  can operate properly becomes narrow.  
         [0040]    Furthermore, although, in the case of the prior art, the distinction between a control apparatus internal failure and a control apparatus external failure is not is drawn during the judgment of whether the failure in control apparatus  11  is due to an increase in the internal temperature of the control apparatus or due to an increase in its external temperature, if an internal element failure detection flag is provided in, for example, CPU  12  and then a normal status and an abnormal status are defined as “0” and “1”, respectively, when the relationship between expressions 1 and 2 is satisfied, “1” will be set up at the failure detection flag and the required control data will be saved in the internal memory medium  13  of control apparatus  11 . After this, by conducting failure analyses based on the stored control data within the internal memory medium, the control apparatus failure can be judged to have been caused by an increase in the internal temperature of the control apparatus. Although, in this embodiment, the failure detection flag identifies a normal status as “0” and an abnormal status as “1”, no problem will, of course, arise even if these settings of the flag are reversed.  
         [0041]    In addition, in this embodiment, the following effect can be obtained by, as shown in FIG. 10, providing a warning lamp  17  that warns the user of a failure in the event of its detection by control apparatus  11 :  
         [0042]    When the relationship between expressions 1 and 2 is satisfied, the warning lamp, for example, will be activated or deactivated to inform to the user that a control apparatus failure has occurred. The user can then take the appropriate action (for-example, turn off the power to control apparatus  11 ) according to the particular status of, for example, the above-mentioned warning unit  17 . Although, in this embodiment, a warning lamp is used as warning unit  17 , it is also possible, of course, to use a warning sound source such as an alarm buzzer, or to combine a warning lamp and a warning sound source.  
         [0043]    Next, how a control apparatus internal failure due to unusual increases in the external temperature of the control apparatus is detected using the prior art, is described.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the control apparatus internal temperature and external temperature, established by the occurrence of an unusual increase in the external temperature of control apparatus  11 .  
         [0045]    The factors in the figure denote the time  41  at which the external environment of the control apparatus is likely to become abnormal, and the time “t1” ( 21 ) from the arrival of the above-mentioned control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  at the above-mentioned failure detection temperature T NG    23  to the arrival of T PWB    25  at T BR    22 , the temperature at which an internal element failure in the control apparatus is likely to occur.  
         [0046]    Next, the flow of processes up to failure detection is described.  
         [0047]    First, during normal operation of control apparatus  11 , while the internal temperature T PWB    25  of the control apparatus and the external temperature T OIL    26  of the control apparatus are lower than failure detection temperature T NG    23  and temperature T BR    22  at which an internal element failure in the control apparatus is likely to occur, and while the amount of heat occurring in the control apparatus is constant, internal temperature T PWB    25  and external temperature T OIL    26  always change with their difference remaining fixed (see the left of the dotted line shown as  41  in FIG. 4). Next, if the external environment of control apparatus  11  becomes abnormal, for example, if the cooling unit in a system fails to operate, the internal temperature T PWB    25  of the control apparatus will begin increasing at  41 , the time at which the external environment of the control apparatus is likely to enter an abnormal region. If external temperature T OIL    26  continues increasing under that state, the internal temperature T PWB    25  of the control apparatus will also continue increasing. If external temperature T OIL    26  further continues increasing, the internal temperature T PWB    25  of the control apparatus will also further continue increasing and reach the failure detection temperature T NG    23  of control apparatus  11 . At this time, CPU  12  will judge control apparatus  11  to be abnormal, and the CPU will start saving predetermined control data in internal memory medium  13 .  
         [0048]    As described in the embodiment of FIG. 2, if the temperature gradient of control apparatus external temperature T OIL    26  is too steep, since the temperature gradient of control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  will also be too steep, it may not be possible to obtain a sufficient time for the control data to be saved in internal memory medium  13 . There also occurs the problem that since failure detection temperature T NG    23  must be set to a smaller value to obtain a sufficient time for the control data to be saved in internal memory medium  13 , it becomes absolutely necessary to make narrower the ambient temperature range in which control apparatus  11  can operate properly. In addition, the prior art creates the problem that because of the absence of the concept that the judgment of whether the failure in control apparatus  11  is due to an increase in the internal temperature of the control apparatus or due to an increase in its external temperature is not based on such distinction, the above judgment cannot be performed even by conducting failure analyses based on the control data that was stored into the internal memory medium  13  of the control apparatus.  
         [0049]    Next, the detection of control apparatus external temperature increases, based on the present invention, is described.  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the control apparatus internal temperature and external temperature, established by unusual increases in the internal temperature of control apparatus  11 .  
         [0051]    The factors in the figure denote the time  52  at which the relationship  
           T   OIL   &gt;f ( X )  (Expression 4)  
           f ( X )≡ T   PWB   +T   B   (Expression 5)  
         [0052]    is satisfied when the external temperature of the control apparatus is taken as T B  ( 51   a ), and the time “t4” ( 51 ) from the above-mentioned time  52  to the arrival of control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  at T BR , the temperature at which an internal element failure in the control apparatus is likely to occur.  
         [0053]    Next, the flow of processes up to failure detection is described.  
         [0054]    First, during normal operation of control apparatus  11 , while the internal temperature T PWB    25  of the control apparatus and the external temperature T OIL    26  of the control apparatus are lower than failure detection temperature T NG    23  and temperature T BR    22  at which an internal element failure in the control apparatus is likely to occur, and while the amount of heat occurring in the control apparatus is constant, internal temperature T PWB    25  and external temperature T OIL    26  always change with their difference remaining fixed. Next, if the external environment of control apparatus  11  becomes abnormal, for example, if the cooling unit in a system fails to operate, the external temperature T OIL    26  of the control apparatus will begin increasing at  41 , the time at which the external environment of the control apparatus is likely to enter an abnormal region.  
         [0055]    If the internal temperature T PWB    25  of the control apparatus continues increasing, the time  52  when the relationship between expressions 4 and 5 above is satisfied will be reached. At this time, CPU  12  will judge control apparatus  11  to be abnormal, and the CPU will start saving predetermined control data in internal memory medium  13 . If internal temperature T PWB    25  further continues increasing, it will reach temperature T BR    25  at which the control apparatus is likely to encounter some other internal element failure, with the result that some other internal element of the control apparatus will fail.  
         [0056]    The saving of the above-mentioned control data in internal memory medium  13  must be executed during the time “t2” ( 32 ) from the arrival of T PWB    25  at  41 , the level at which the relationship between expressions 4 and 5 above is satisfied, to the arrival of T PWB    25  at temperature T BR    22 , the temperature at which the control apparatus is likely to encounter some other internal element failure.  
         [0057]    In this embodiment, the starting time of saving of the required control data is defined as the time a fixed relationship is established between the external temperature T OIL    26  and internal temperature T PWB    25  of the control apparatus (this relationship is described in detail later in this document). When control apparatus  11  is in normal operation, since the relationship between control apparatus external temperature T OIL    26  and control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  is usually equivalent to the relationship of “Control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25 =Control apparatus external temperature T OIL    26 +Temperature at which the control apparatus begins to generate heat internally”, the relationship  
         T OIL &gt;T PWB   (Expression 6)  
         [0058]    is always established. The relationship of expression 6 above will also hold if the external temperature of control apparatus  11  unusually increases. However, since it is necessary to allow for temperature changes in the external environment of control apparatus  11 , the required temperature T B  ( 51   a ) mentioned above can be defined by designing or measuring/confirming beforehand the range of temperature changes in the external environment of the control apparatus existing during normal operation thereof.  
         [0059]    The saving of the above-mentioned control data in internal memory medium  13  must be executed during the time “t4” ( 51 ) from the arrival of T PWB    25  at  52 , the level at which the relationship between expressions  4  and  5  above is satisfied, to the arrival of T PWB    25  at temperature T BR    22 , the temperature at which the control apparatus is likely to encounter some other internal element failure.  
         [0060]    The starting timing of saving of the required control data in internal memory medium  13  is dictated by the parameters of control apparatus external temperature T OIL    26  and required temperature T A  ( 31   a ), and for this reason, the required control data can be saved at the time of detection of the minimum temperature rise at which the external temperature of control apparatus  11  is likely to start unusually increasing. Even if the external temperature of the control apparatus increases abruptly, therefore, the time required for control data saving in internal memory medium  13  can be increased above the saving time required in the case of the prior art. In addition, since the starting timing of saving of the required control data in internal memory medium  13  is dictated by the fixed relationship between control apparatus internal temperature T PWB    25  and required temperature T B , this embodiment, unlike the prior art, does not create the problem that as a result of setting failure detection temperature T NG    23  to a smaller value in order to obtain a sufficient time for the required control data to be saved in internal memory medium  13 , the ambient temperature range in which control apparatus  11  can operate properly becomes narrow. Furthermore, although, in the case of the prior art, the distinction between a control apparatus failure due to increases in the internal temperature of control apparatus  11  and a control apparatus failure due to increases in the external temperature of control apparatus  11  is not is drawn during the analysis of control apparatus failures, if an external environment abnormality detection flag is provided in, for example, CPU  12  and then a normal status and an abnormal status are defined as “0” and “1”, respectively, when the relationship between expressions 4 and 5 is satisfied, “1” will be set up at the failure detection flag and the required control data will be saved in the internal memory medium  13  of control apparatus  11 . After this, by conducting failure analyses based on the stored control data within the internal memory medium, the control apparatus failure can be judged to have been caused by an increase in the external temperature of the control apparatus. Although, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned detection flag identifies a normal status as “0” and an abnormal status as “1”, no problem will, of course, arise even if these settings of the flag are reversed.  
         [0061]    In addition, in this embodiment, the following effect can be obtained by, as shown in FIG. 10, providing a warning lamp  17  that warns the user of a failure in the event of its detection by control apparatus  11 :  
         [0062]    When the relationship between expressions 4 and 5 is satisfied, the warning lamp, for example, will be activated or deactivated to inform to the user that a control apparatus failure has occurred. The user can then take the appropriate action (for example, turn off the power to control apparatus  11 ) according to the particular status of the above-mentioned warning unit  17 . Although, in this embodiment, a warning lamp is used as warning unit  17 , it is also possible, of course, to use a warning sound source such as an alarm buzzer, or to combine a warning lamp and a warning sound source.  
         [0063]    Next, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described using the flowchart of FIG. 9.  
         [0064]    This flowchart consists of a block  91  for initializing the internal failure flag and the external failure flag to “0”, a branching block  92  for detecting internal failures in the control apparatus, a branching block  93  for detecting control apparatus external failures, a branching block  93  for judging whether the failure flag is set up, a block  95  for deactivating the warning lamp, a block  96  for activating the warning lamp, a block  92   a  for detecting a control apparatus internal failure and setting the NG1 internal failure flag to “1 ”, a block  92   b  for saving internal failure information, a block  92   c  for saving the required control data, a block  93   a  for detecting a control apparatus external failure and setting the NG external failure flag to “1”, a block  93   b  for saving external failure information, and a block  93   c  for saving the required control data.  
         [0065]    First, control during normal operation of control apparatus  11  is described.  
         [0066]    When the control begins, the NG1 and NG2 failure flags are initialized to “0” by block  91 . The control then moves to the branching block  92  for judging whether any temperature increases implying an internal failure are occurring in control apparatus  11 , and in this block, whether the conditions of expressions  1  and  2  are satisfied is judged. When these conditions are satisfied, it is judged that an internal failure is occurring in control apparatus  11 , and then the control moves to subroutine {circle over (1)}. In this example, since it is assumed that control apparatus  11  is normal and thus that the conditions are not satisfied, the control moves to branching block  93 , in which the conditions of expressions 4 and 5 are satisfied is judged. When the conditions are satisfied, it is judged that an external failure is occurring in control apparatus  11 , and then the control moves to subroutine {circle over (2)}. In this example, since it is assumed that control apparatus  11  is normal and thus that the conditions are not satisfied, the control moves to branching block  94 , in which the states of the NG1 and NG2 failure flags are confirmed, then if either is “1” or both are “1”, the control apparatus is judged to be abnormal, and the control moves to the block  96  that activates the warning lamp. In this example, since it is assumed that control apparatus  11  is normal and thus that the above conditions are not satisfied, the control moves to branching block  95 . In block  95 , the warning lamp is deactivated and the control returns to the first step.  
         [0067]    Next, the control assuming that an internal failure has occurred in control apparatus  11  is described.  
         [0068]    When the control begins, the NG1 and NG2 failure flags are initialized to “0” by block  91 . The control then moves to the branching block  92  for judging whether any temperature increases implying an internal failure are occurring in control apparatus  11 , and in this block, whether the conditions of expressions 1 and 2 are satisfied is judged. When these conditions are satisfied, it is judged that an internal failure is occurring in control apparatus  11 , and then the control moves to subroutine {circle over (1)}. In this example, since it is assumed that an internal failure has occurred in control apparatus  11  and thus that the conditions are satisfied, the control moves to subroutine {circle over (1)}. In block  92   a , the control apparatus internal failure is detected and internal failure flag NG1 is set to “1”. Next, the process for saving internal failure information is performed in block  92   b . After this, the process for saving the required control data which has been predetermined is performed in block  92   c . The control moves to subroutine {circle over (3)} and then moves on to branching block  94 . In this block, the states of the NG1 and NG2 failure flags are confirmed. In this example, since the state of internal failure flag NG1 is “1”, the control moves to block  96 . In this block, the warning lamp is activated to inform the user of the abnormality, and the control returns to the first step.  
         [0069]    Next, the control assuming that an external failure has occurred in control apparatus  11  is described.  
         [0070]    When the control begins, the NG1 and NG2 failure flags are initialized to “0” by block  91 . The control then moves to the branching block  92  for judging whether any temperature increases implying an internal failure are occurring in control apparatus  11 , and in this block, whether the conditions of expressions 1 and 2 are satisfied is judged. When these conditions are satisfied, it is judged that an internal failure is occurring in control apparatus  11 , and then the control moves to subroutine {circle over (1)}. In this example, however, since it is assumed that an external failure has occurred in control apparatus  11  and thus that the conditions are not satisfied, the control moves to branching block  93 . In block  93 , whether the conditions of expressions 4 and 5 are satisfied is judged. When the conditions are satisfied, it is judged that an external failure is occurring in control apparatus  11 , and then the control moves to subroutine {circle over (2)}. In this example, since it is assumed that a control apparatus external failure has occurred and thus that the above conditions are satisfied, the control moves to subroutine {circle over (2)}. In block  93   a , the control apparatus is judged to have encountered an external failure, and external failure flag NG2 is set to “1”. Next, the process for saving external failure information is performed in block  93   b.    
         [0071]    After this, the process for saving the required control data which has been predetermined is performed in block  93   c . The control moves to subroutine {circle over (3)} and then moves on to branching block  94 . In this block, the states of the NG1 and NG2 failure flags are confirmed. Since the state of external failure flag NG2 in this example is “1”, the control moves to block  96 . In this block, the warning lamp is activated to inform the user of the abnormality, and the control returns to the first step.  
         [0072]    In the routine described above, failure information on control apparatus  11  is saved in internal memory medium  13 . Therefore, for example, when failure analyses are performed on control apparatus  11 , it can be readily judged, by reading out data from the internal memory medium  13  of the control apparatus, whether the failure in the control apparatus was caused by the abnormality of the ambient temperature or of some internal element of the control apparatus itself.  
         [0073]    Although, in the above example shown as an embodiment, the warning lamp is activated to inform to the user that the control apparatus has become abnormal, a warning sound source or a combination of a warning lamp and a warning sound source can, of course, be used instead of the warning lamp. Or it is possible to save the required control data without giving a warning to the user.  
         [0074]    Next, a method of specifying the required temperatures T A  ( 31   a ) and TB ( 51   b ) mentioned above is described. Resin or a metal is usually used as the casing material of control apparatus  11 .  
         [0075]    Control apparatus  11  is characterized in that it is constructed so that whether the failure is due to the internal factors of the control apparatus or due to the internal factors thereof can be easily identified. The failure detection conditions can be further optimized by setting the required temperatures T A  ( 31   a ) and T B  ( 51   b ) in expressions 1, 2, 4, and 5, to the values that depend on heat resistance, the physical characteristics value of the casing of control apparatus  11 .  
         [0076]    Next, another embodiment of the present invention is described below using FIG. 6.  
         [0077]    Control apparatus  11  in this embodiment comprises an interface circuit  61  for reading out information from an internal memory medium, a power supply line  62   a  for the internal memory medium, a GND supply line  62   b  for the internal memory medium, and an external power supply  62 .  
         [0078]    An embodiment of control apparatus  11  is described below.  
         [0079]    In this embodiment, by connecting a monitoring unit  16  to the above-mentioned interface circuit  61  for reading out information from an internal memory medium and connecting external power supply  62  to the power supply line  62   a  and GND supply line  62   b  routed from the internal memory medium, the required data that has been stored into internal memory medium  13  can be read out, without interference from the other circuits of control apparatus  11 .  
         [0080]    That is to say, as described above, if a control apparatus failure caused by the abnormality of the ambient temperature or of some internal element of the control apparatus itself occurs and the failure extends to CPU  12 , when the required data within internal memory medium  13  is to be later read out, it may not be possible to analyze the cause of the failure, since the data readout operation itself may be impossible. However, by providing an interface circuit  61  for internal memory medium information readout, an internal memory medium  13 , a power supply line  62   a  for the internal memory medium, and a GND supply line  62   b  for the internal memory medium, and connecting a monitoring unit  16  to the above-mentioned interface circuit  61  for internal memory medium information readout, it becomes possible to read out the required data from internal memory medium  13  independently, in other words, directly, without the intervention of CPU  12 , even if the CPU fails.  
         [0081]    Next, another embodiment of the present invention is described below using FIG. 7.  
         [0082]    Numeral  71   a  in this embodiment denotes a temperature fuse that will blow out when the required temperature is reached.  
         [0083]    It was described in the embodiment of FIG. 6 that even if CPU  12  fails, the required data can be read out from internal memory medium  13 . In the embodiment of FIG. 7, however, since the above-mentioned temperature fuse  71   a  is connected to a signal line  13   a  present between CPU  12  and internal memory medium  13 , when the required temperature load is applied to control apparatus  11 , temperature fuse  71   a  blows out and internal memory medium information readout interface circuit  61  and internal memory medium  13  can be made independent. Consequently, even if a control apparatus failure due to the abnormality of the ambient temperature or of the elements of the control apparatus itself occurs and the terminals of CPU  12  connected to internal memory medium  13  malfunction in GND short-circuit mode or power supply short-circuit mode, since temperature fuse  71   a  blows out to open the corresponding circuit, the connection of a monitoring unit  16  to the above-mentioned interface circuit  61  provided for reading out information from an internal memory medium and the connection of an external power supply  62  to the power supply line  62   a  and GND supply line  62   b  routed from the internal memory medium enable the required data to be read out from internal memory medium  13  without interference from the other circuits of control apparatus  11 .  
         [0084]    That is to say, as described above, if a control apparatus failure caused by the abnormality of the ambient temperature or of some internal element of the control apparatus itself occurs and the failure extends to CPU  12 , when the required data within internal memory medium  13  is to be later read out, it may not be possible to analyze the cause of the failure, since the data readout operation itself may be impossible. However, by providing an interface circuit  61  for internal memory medium information readout, an internal memory medium  13 , a power supply line  62   a  for the internal memory medium, a GND supply line  62   b  for the internal memory medium, and a temperature fuse  71   a  that blows out at the required temperature, and connecting a monitoring unit  16  to the above-mentioned interface circuit  61  for internal memory medium information readout, it becomes possible to read out the required data from internal memory medium  13  independently without the intervention of CPU  12 , even if the CPU fails.  
         [0085]    Next, yet another embodiment of the present invention is described below using FIG. 11.  
         [0086]    An OPEN circuit  71   b  that can open/close the required circuit under the command sent from CPU  12  is provided in this embodiment.  
         [0087]    Yet another embodiment of the present invention is described below.  
         [0088]    This embodiment is characterized in that it has an OPEN circuit  71   b  by which the required circuit can be opened/closed under the command of CPU  12  when the required temperature load is applied to the control apparatus  11  used in the embodiment of FIG. 7.  
         [0089]    It is needless to say that effects equivalent to those of the embodiment of FIG. 7 can also be obtained in the embodiment of FIG. 11.  
         [0090]    Next, yet another embodiment of the present invention is described below using FIG. 8.  
         [0091]    Numeral “ 12   c ” in this embodiment denotes an input/output interface circuit provided inside CPU  12 . Similarly, numerals “ 12   b ”, “ 12   e ”, “ 12   f ”, and “81” denote a chip core, a CPU internal memory medium, an interface circuit for reading out information-from the CPU internal memory medium, and an isolation layer that was created by separating the inside of CPU  12  into the required area.  
         [0092]    This embodiment is characterized in that CPU internal memory medium “ 12   e ” for saving the required data, and interface circuit “ 12   f ” for reading out information from the CPU internal memory medium are arranged inside CPU  12  and in that the inside of CPU  12  is separated from the required control chip core “ 12   b ”, the required input/output interface circuit “ 12   c ”, an A/D conversion circuit “ 12   d ”, and other circuits, by means of isolation layer  81 .  
         [0093]    According to this embodiment, even if a control apparatus failure caused by the abnormality of the ambient temperature or of some internal element of the control apparatus itself occurs and CPU  12  partly malfunctions as a result, the required data that has been stored into internal memory medium “ 13   e ” can be read out by connecting a monitoring unit  16  to the above-mentioned interface circuit “ 12   f ” for reading out information from the internal memory medium.  
         [0094]    Even if the temperature gradient existing under the abnormal status of the control apparatus is too steep, the necessary and sufficient information can be saved in the memory media of the control apparatus. It is also possible to conduct failure analyses for judging whether the control apparatus failure was caused by the abnormality of the ambient temperature or of some internal element of the control apparatus itself.