Abstract:
A method and system for analyzing the transfer of motion to a subject on a sleeping surface. A mattress is positioned on a frame, and a subject is positioned on the mattress. A sensor is placed in communication with the subject. The surface adjacent the subject is moved by means of a moving mass, and the sensor detects the motion of the subject. Motion transferred to the subject as a result of the mattress moving is measured and recorded.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/898,747, filing date Jul. 3, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,561,047, naming James M. Arrowood and Richard F. Gladney as inventors, the specification of which is herein incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a method and apparatus for analyzing the amount of motion transferred to a subject resting on one area of a mattress as a result of movement imparted to the mattress in another adjacent area by a moving mass. When two people sleep in a single bed, comprising a mattress and a foundation, the bed cannot always comfortably accommodate them, particularly if one of the people is of relatively large stature or if one of the people is a relatively light sleeper or a restless sleeper. Because of the close proximity, movement by one occupant of the bed is transferred by the bed to and tends to wake up or disturb the other occupant. The less motion transferred from one occupant to the other occupant, the better the mattress or combination of mattress and foundation is for the occupants. 
     In designing beds, including mattresses and foundations, predicting which design will transfer the least amount of motion from one occupant to the other is often difficult. Thus, there is a need for a method and system for measuring the movement transferred from one bed occupant to another and thereby create a basis for evaluating one mattress or combination of mattress and foundation design versus another mattress or combination of mattress and foundation design with respect to motion transfer. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is a method and system for analyzing the amount of motion transferred to a subject resting on one area of a mattress as a result of a moving mass on an adjacent area of the mattress. The method includes the steps of supporting a mattress on a frame, positioning the subject on one area of the mattress, locating sensors in proximity to the subject to detect the movement of the subject, moving a mass on an adjacent surface area of the mattress, and measuring and recording the motion transferred to the subject as a result of the mass moving adjacent the subject. Once the amount of motion transferred to the subject has been measured and recorded, a transferred motion value, or other benchmark value, can be calculated so that the amount of motion transferred by one mattress or combination of mattress and foundation can be compared to the amount of motion transferred by another mattress or combination of mattress and foundation. In accordance with the present invention, the designs of the mattresses and foundations, and combinations thereof, can be compared to determine which designs transfer the least amount of motion. 
     For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects thereof, reference is made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for analyzing motion transferred to a subject on a mattress. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a method and system for analyzing the amount of motion transferred to a subject resting on a mattress resulting from the movement of a mass on the mattress adjacent to, but displaced from, the subject. The movement transferred from one bed occupant to another is quantified by measuring the motion transferred to a mannequin as the result of moving a mass, such as a roller, which produces movement in another area of the mattress adjacent the mannequin. The mannequin represents a human of average body size and weight resting on one area of the mattress surface. In one test procedure, the moving mass is provided by a standard rollator (ASTM F1566) that contacts one lateral side of the mattress. As the roller of the rollator moves toward and away from the mannequin, the amplitude, acceleration, and velocity of the horizontal and vertical displacement of the mannequin positioned on the other lateral side of the mattress are measured. Several tests are run over time, and the displacement data is processed to produce transferred motion values which represent quantitatively the performance of the mattress or combination of mattress and foundation with respect to motion transfer. 
     The amplitude, acceleration, and velocity of the displacement of the mannequin will vary, depending on the type of mattress and foundation used. A woven wire inner spring mattress will transfer motion differently than a marshal coil-type mattress, although both types of mattress constructions can be tested in accordance with the invention. The types of foundations, such as box springs, used (e.g., continuous wire or module) also will affect the motion transferred, but again, both types can be tested in accordance with the invention. From transferred motion values, mattresses or combinations of mattresses and foundations of various constructions can be compared one to another in order to determine which construction transfers the least amount of motion. 
     FIG. 1 depicts a system  100  for measuring the amount of movement transferred to a subject  140  by the combination of a mattress  110  and foundation  120 . The foundation  120  is supported on the floor  130 . The mattress  110  is in turn supported on the foundation  120 . The subject  140  rests at a position  150  on the mattress  110 . In FIG. 1, the subject  140  is shown oriented from head to toe along the Z-axis of FIG.  1 . The subject  140  can be a mannequin, or any other suitable object that represents the average human body in size and weight. A device  170  imparts motion to an area  160  of the mattress  110 . The area  160  extends from a point  205  that is adjacent to one edge of the mattress  110  to a point  210  that is adjacent to, but displaced from, the subject  140  by several inches. The device  170  includes an eight sided roller  200 , or any other suitable moving mass for transmitting movement to the area  160  of the mattress  110 . 
     In connection with the present invention, the device  170  is a standard rollator. The operation of the rollator is described in ASTM F1566, and that standard is incorporated herein by reference. The rollator includes a frame  180  and an actuator arm  190  attached to the roller  200 . The roller  200  has an axis  201  which extends parallel to the Z-axis of FIG.  1 . The ASTM F1566 standard calls for a six sided roller which weighs about 240 pounds. The present invention utilizes an eight sided roller, but a six sided roller is considered useful in connection with the present invention. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the roller  200  also has a bump  191  affixed to one surface. The bump  191  is about once to inches high and about six inches square at its base. The bump  191  is used to simulate the hips of and occupant as the occupant roles from side to side. 
     In operation, the actuator arm  190  moves the roller  200  horizontally, back and forth (arrow  202 ), between a first point  205  and a second point  210  within the area  160  of the mattress  110 . The point  210  should be within about three inches of the subject  140 . The actuator arm  190  is set at an angle of about 0 to 5 degrees to the horizontal surface of the mattress  110 . The roller  200  moves back and forth along the surface of the mattress  110  from point  205  to point  210  at a speed of 20 cycles per minute. The closer the roller  200  is to the subject  140  , the greater the transmission of motion to the subject  140 . While the system  100  in FIG. 1 shows the roller moving toward and away from the subject  140 , the method of the present invention also contemplates transmitting motion to the mattress in the area  160  by other means. For example, the roller could be set up to roll parallel to the length of the subject  140  (along the Z-axis). In addition, movement of the mattress  110  in area  160  could be accomplished by dropping a weight onto the mattress  110  in that area. Any moving mass that imparts a consistent pattern of movement to the area  160  of the mattress  110  is useful in connection with the present invention. 
     In order to detect the motion transferred from the roller  200  to the subject  140 , a target  220 , having a vertical face  230  and horizontal face  240  is attached to the chest  250  of the subject  140 . Lasers  260  and  270  are positioned above the subject  140 . The laser  260  is focused on the vertical face  230  of the target  220 , and the laser  270  is focused on the horizontal face  240  of the target  220 . The laser  260  captures the horizontal displacement of the subject  140 , and the laser  270  captures the vertical displacement of the subject  140 . The lasers  260  and  270  produce signals that are proportional to the horizontal and vertical displacement of the subject  140 . 
     The signals representing the vertical displacement and horizontal displacement of the subject  140  are connected to a computer  280  via lines  281  and  282 . In accordance with the present invention, the computer  280  is a general-purpose digital computer and calculates transferred motion values for the combination of the mattress  110  and the foundation  120 . The calculated transferred motion values can then be displayed on a monitor  285 , printed on a printer  290 , or stored in a memory  295  for later recall. Particularly, the transferred motion values from a number of mattress constructions or combinations of mattress and foundation constructions can be used to determine which mattress construction or combinations of mattress and foundation constructions are optimum in terms of the least amount of transferred motion. 
     In one embodiment, the computer  280  is a general-purpose digital computer which uses a standard tester application program sold under the trademark “LABVIEW”, marketed by National Instruments Corporation in Austin, Tex. Briefly described, the LABVIEW application program allows a user to create programs in block diagram form by use of a graphical programming language. LABVIEW includes libraries containing functions and development tools, which are designed for data acquisition and instrument control. The LABVIEW programs are referred to as virtual instruments (VIs) because they can appear and operate like actual instruments. A VI includes an interactive user interface, a dataflow diagram that serves as the source code, and icon connections that allow a VI to be called from higher level VIs. LABVIEW is based on the concept of modular programming, so it allows the user to divide an application into a series of tasks, which the user can then divide again into subtasks. The user builds a VI to accomplish each subtask, and then combines each VI on another block diagram to accomplish a larger task. Particularly, the LABVIEW program can be used to implement the method of the present invention as set forth in the flowchart in FIG.  2 . 
     FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method  300  for analyzing the transfer of motion to a subject  140  on the mattress  110  and foundation  120 . Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the method  300  in FIG. 2 may be implemented by the computer  280  utilizing the programming capabilities of the LABVIEW application program module. Other application program modules may be used as well to implement the method shown in FIG. 2 
     As shown in FIG. 2, the method  300  begins at step  305  and proceeds to step  310  where a trigger is received by the application program module, such as LABVIEW as previously described. The trigger is an indication to the application program module to begin the method  300 . The trigger may be generated, for example, when the user positions the mouse cursor and clicks on a start icon on the screen. After the trigger is received by the application program module at step  310 , the vertical displacement values from the laser  270  and the horizontal displacement values from the laser  260  are read and displayed at step  315 . Next, at decision step  320 , a determination is made as to whether the vertical and horizontal displacements or within ranges between upper limits and lower limits. Each of these limit values are user-selectable values. The upper and lower limits for the for the vertical and horizontal displacements are set by reference to approximately 50 peaks and approximately 50 valleys on the displayed displacement values. Once the preselected ranges for the horizontal and vertical displacements is set, the computer begins acquiring vertical and horizontal displacement data for a period of from 3 to 10 minutes. 
     If, at decision step  320 , the vertical and horizontal displacement values fall outside the preselected ranges during the data acquisition, then an alarm sounds at step  325 , and the method ends at step  330 . If, on the other hand, the horizontal displacement values remain within the preselected ranges during the data acquisition, then the minimum and maximum displacement values (horizontal and vertical) are detected in step  335 . At step  340 , during a user-selectable time period, the computer  280  calculates transferred motion values which may include among other benchmark values: a statistical mean (average), the standard deviation, a count, or a histogram. The calculated transferred motion values represent a benchmark for the particular mattress or mattress and foundation that define the amount of motion transferred by the mattress or mattress and foundation. That data may be viewed on monitor  285  or printed on printer  290 . The data is also stored in memory  295  so that it may be recalled for future comparison with similar data generated for a different combination of mattress and foundation construction. From such comparisons, one can determine which mattress or mattress and foundation combination provides the least amount of motion transfer. 
     While there has been described what is believed to be the preferred embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that other further changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the true scope of the invention.