Abstract:
An educational toy for testing a child&#39;s ability to properly associate logically related symbols and teaching proper associations. The toy includes an area for displaying two groups of symbols in a predetermined array on a housing and two members movably mounted to the housing so that the child may move each member into alignment with a symbol from one of the groups. In response to manual actuation of a switch, the toy emits a first signal, indicative of a correct performance, if the members are in alignment with logically related symbols at the time of such actuation and emits a second signal, indicative of incorrect performance, if the members are not so aligned at the time of such actuation. In a preferred embodiment, the toy includes electronic detection and signalling circuitry, a programmed microprocessor forms a part of the detection and signalling circuitry, and the microprocessor may be manually controlled to act in other play modes. The foregoing abstract should not be taken as a complete exposition of the present invention, or as a limitation of the present invention.

Description:
This invention relates to toys, and more particularly relates to educational toys which test a child&#39;s ability to perform a certain task. 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a toy which tests a child&#39;s ability to select logically related symbols from among two sets of symbols, which emits a first signal if the child correctly chooses related symbols, and which emits a second, different signal if the child incorrectly chooses unrelated symbols. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a toy which is resistant to any efforts by the child to select related symbols by mere guesswork but which is inherently simple to operate, so that the only substantial difficulty in successfully operating the toy lies in the choice of the symbols themselves, rather than in the operation of the toy. 
     A toy according to the present invention includes a housing and a first member mounted on the housing so that the first member is selectively moveable between a plurality of discrete positions on the housing. These positions constitute a first set of positions. The toy also includes a second member which is also mounted on the housing and which is selectively moveable between a plurality of discrete positions on the housing. The positions for the second member constitute a second set of positions. Each position of the second set is associated with a position of the first set according to a predetermined pattern of association. 
     Means are provided for displaying a plurality of symbols of a first type and a plurality of symbols of a second type. Each symbol of the second type is logically related to one of the symbols of the first type. The symbols are displayed on the housing so that each one of the symbols of the first type is displayed on the housing in alignment with one of the positions of the first set, and each one of the symbols of the second set is displayed on the housing in alignment with one of the positions of the second set. Each symbol of the second type and the logically related one of the symbols of the first type are displayed in alignment with associated positions. 
     Thus, if the child selects a symbol of the first type and a logically related symbol of the second type, and then moves the members into alignment with such symbols, the members will lie in associated positions. 
     The toy also includes a switch which is manually actuable independently of the positions of the members, and detection and signalling means operatively associated with the switch. The detection and signalling means operate in an alignment testing mode to detect the positions of the first and second members. In response to actuation of the switch, the detection and signalling means emit a first operator perceivable signal if, at the time of such actuation, the first and second members are in associated positions, but emit a second operator perceivable signal different from the first signal if, at the time of such actuation, the first and second members are in non-associated positions. 
     Because mere correct positioning of the members in alignment with associated symbols does not trigger the first or &#34;correct answer&#34; signal, the child cannot obtain the correct answer signal merely by moving the first and second members back and forth among their respective positions. Rather, the child is forced to select what he considers to be associated symbols, align the members with these symbols, and then actuate the switch to see if he has made a correct choice. This requirement that the child take the additional step of actuating the switch makes it substantially more difficult for a young child to guess his way to a correct answer, but does not materially increase the mechanical skill needed to operate the toy. Therefore the toy provides a fair test of the child&#39;s ability. Since the test is more challenging, the psychological reqard to receiving the first signal, indicative of a correct choice is increased, which makes it more rewarding for the child to recieve the correct answer signal. Therefore, the child is given greater encouragement to learn the correct association between symbols. 
     In the preferred embodiment, the toy also includes output means operatively associated with the detection and signalling means. This output means emits a third operator perceivable signal in the event that the switch is actuated while the first and second members are in non-associated positions. This third signal is indicative of the position of the second set which should have been chosen for correct alignment. Thus, if the child chooses unrelated symbols, the toy will indicate which symbol of the second type should have been chosen. 
     In the preferred embodiment, the symbols are displayed on interchangeable cards, and means are provided for holding such cards in to the housing so that the symbols lie in proper registration. This arrangement permits different symbols to be displayed on the same toy, so that the educational content of the toy can be varied simply by changing the cards. 
     Preferably, the detection and signalling means within the toy is also operable in modes other than the &#34;alignment testing&#34; mode described above. Such modes may include a randomizing mode so that the toy can serve as the randomizing element of a game, or a count mode in which the toy tests the child&#39;s ability to count signals and select a numerical symbol symbolizing the number of such signals. If the detection and signalling means are arranged to emit some of the aforementioned signals in the form of audible tones, the detection and signalling means may also be operable in a music-generating mode to emit a series of audible tones which form a melody. 
     If the detection and signalling means are operable in a number of different modes, manually operable control means are provided for causing the detection and signalling means to operate in the mode selected by the child. As can be appreciated, the detection and signalling means incorporate substantial mechanized logic. Preferably, the detection and signalling means includes an electonic microprocessor. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a toy in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a further perspective view of the toy depicted in FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 1 but depicting the toy in a different position. 
     FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the toy depicted in FIG. 1 with the rear portion of the toy removed. 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view of one of the cards depicted in FIGS. 1 and 3. 
     FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view taken along the plane indicated by line 6--6 in FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 7 is a schematic electrical circuit diagram of the toy depicted in FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another one of the cards depicted in FIGS. 1 and 3. 
     FIG. 9 is a representation of a program for the microprocessor depicted in FIG. 7. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a toy according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention has a housing 10 which includes a front piece 12 and a rear piece 14 fastened together by screws 15. These pieces are generally hollow, so that they define an interior cavity 16 (FIG. 4). As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the front piece 12 and the back piece 14 cooperatively define a slot 18 on a first side 19 of the housing and a slot 20 on a second, opposite side 21 of the housing. 
     A first member 22 is movably mounted to the housing on the first side 19, and a second member 24 is movably mounted to the housing on the second side 21. As shown in FIG. 4, the second member 24 includes a portion 26 which extends into the housing through the second slot 20. This portion 26 holds the member 24 to the housing but allows it to slide along the side of the housing, upwardly and downwardly as shown in FIG. 4. The member 24 also includes a cantilever spring 28 which is constructed and arranged to engage any one of a plurality of depressions 30 formed in an interior surface of the front piece 12. Thus, the second member 24 can be moved between a plurality of discrete positions, each such position corresponding to the engagement of the cantilever spring 28 with one of the depressions 30. A similar arrangement is provided on the first side of the housing for the first member 22, so that it also may be moved into any one of a plurality of discrete positions. 
     As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the members 22 and 24 include respective pointer portions 32 and 34. As described above, the first member 22 is movable between the first set of positions and the second member 24 is movable between a second set of positions. In each position of the member 22, its pointer portion 32 is aligned with a corresponding portion of the front surface 35 of the housing. These portions are denominated in FIG. 3 by reference characters 36a through 36e. Likewise, in each position of the second member 24, its pointer portion 34 is in alignment with one of the portions 38a through 38e of the front surface 35. Throughout the remainder of this disclosure, the positions of each member during the operation of the device will be identified by identifying the surface portion with which the pointer portion of that member is aligned. For example, the member 22 may be said to be &#34;in position 36c&#34;, and this should be understood to mean that the member 22 is in a position wherein its pointer portion 32 is aligned with the surface portion 36c of front surface 35. 
     Each one of the positions 38 of the second set of positions is associated with one of the positions 36 of the first set according to a predetermined pattern. As will be described below, the pattern of association is determined by the arrangement of electrical elements within the housing 10. However, such pattern of association is fixed for any given toy. In the embodiment illustrated, the pattern of association is as shown by Table I, wherein each position of the second set is enumerated on the same line as the associated position of the first set. 
     
                       TABLE I______________________________________Position of First Set            Position of Second Set______________________________________36a              38c36b              38e36c              38d36d              38a36e              38b______________________________________ 
    
     As shown in FIG. 3, each position of the second set is aligned with a position of the first set which is not associated with that position of the second set, and each position of the second set is remote from the position of the first set which is associated with that position of the second set. For example, position 38c of the second set is physically aligned, on the front surface 35 of the housing, with position 36c of the first set, but position 36c is not associated with position 38c. Position 38c is physically remote from position 36b, which is associated with position 38c. 
     The positions of the second set are arranged in pseudorandom order with respect to the associated positions of the first set. That is, there is no readily apparent order to the association of the positions. Therefore, the child cannot readily learn the correct association of positions and defeat the purpose of the toy by aligning the members in associated positions without relying on the symbols. A pattern of association may be considered to be pseudorandom, as the term is used in this disclosure, if an adult of average intelligence cannot discern the associations of all of the positions, without the use of any symbols to guide him, in less than five minutes of practice. As can be appreciated, a child will require considerably more time to discern such association. 
     As shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, the front piece 12 of the housing includes a central strip 40 which overlies a medial region of the front surface 35, but which is spaced therefrom to define a narrow channel 42 behind the central strip but in front of the front surface 35. The front piece 12 also includes a side rail 44 which projects forwardly of the front surface 35 adjacent to the first side 19 of the housing, and a similar side rail (not shown) adjacent to the second side 21 of the housing. As shown in FIG. 6 the front piece 12 also includes a bottom lip 49 which projects forwardly of the front surface at the bottom of that surface. 
     Thus, cards 48 and 50 may be received in the slot 42. So long as the toy is held right side up (the position illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3), the cards will remain affixed to the housing. The side rails will prevent the cards from moving sideways along the front surface, and the center strip 40 will prevent the cards from moving outwardly from the front surface. The bottom lip 49 (FIG. 6) supports the cards so that they cannot move vertically. Thus, the cards will be maintained in a predetermined relationship with the housing. However, as shown in FIG. 1, the cards project upwardly from the housing. Thus, they may be removed from the channel 42 merely by grasping the projecting portions and pulling upwardly on them. Once the cards have been removed from the channel 42, they may be interchanged or inverted so that their surface of any one of the cards can be exposed on the front surface of the housing. 
     As shown in FIG. 1, the first surface 48a of card 48 is exposed. This surface has a plurality of symbols of a first type and a plurality of symbols of a second type on it. In the embodiment illustrated, each symbol of the first type is a single word, and each symbol of the second type is a picture illustrating the meaning of one of those words. Thus, each symbol of the second type is logically related to one of the symbols of the first type. For example, the picture of the kitten is logically related to the word &#34;kitten&#34;. Of course, such logically related symbols can take almost any form. As shown in FIG. 5, the second surface 48b of card 48 has all pictorial symbols. The symbols of the first type are pictures, each one of which symbolizes a particular word. The symbols of the second type are also pictures. Each one of these pictures symbolizes a word which rhymes with the word symbolized by a particular one of the pictures of the first type. Thus, the picture of a house symbolizes the word &#34;house&#34; and the picture of a mouse symbolizes the word &#34;mouse&#34;. Therefore, the picture of the mouse is logically related to the picture of the house. The first surface 50a of card 50 (FIG. 8) also has logically related symbols (not shown) printed thereon. 
     As set forth above, each position 38 of the second set is associated, according to a predetermined pattern, with one of the positions 36 of the first set. The patterns in which the symbols are arranged on the cards are so selected that, whichever one of card surfaces having symbols of said first and second types is exposed, each symbol of the second type on such surface is displayed in alignment with one of the positions 38 of the second set and the logically related symbol of the first type is displayed in alignment with the position 36 of the first set which is associated with that position of the second set. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the picture of a kitten, which is a symbol of the second type, is displayed in alignment with the position 38d, while the word &#34;kitten&#34;, which is the logically related symbol of the first type, is displayed in alignment with 36c of the first set. Position 36c is associated with position 38d. Therefore, if the child correctly associates the word &#34;kitten&#34; and the picture of a kitten, positions the first member 22 so that its pointer portion 32 points to the word &#34;kitten&#34;, and positions the second member 24 so that its pointer portion 34 points to the picture of a kitten, the first and second members will be in associated positions. 
     Thus, whenever the child operating the toy correctly picks the logically related symbols, the members will be in associated positions; when the child incorrectly picks symbols which are not logically related, the members 22 and 24 will be in non-associated positions. After the child has positioned the members 22 and 24 in what he considers to be associated positions, he may depress the pushbutton 92 on the top of the toy to actuate a switch. Upon such actuation, detection and signalling means within the toy will emit a first signal (preferably a first series of audible tones) indicative of correct association if the members are in associated positions, and will emit a second signal different from the first signal, to indicate incorrect association if the members are in non-associated positions. 
     While the arrangement described above facilitates learning by informing the child as to whether or not he has correctly associated the symbols, it is desirable to further facilitate learning by providing a third signal to lead the child towards a correct association in the event that he makes an incorrect association. Output means for emitting this third signal are provided in the form of visual indicators or light emitting diodes 100. 
     As shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 6, these light emitting diodes are mounted on the front piece 12 of housing 10. Each one of these light emitting diodes is mounted to the housing in alignment with one of the positions of the second set. Thus, diode 100a is mounted in alignment with position 38a, diode 100b is mounted in alignment with position 38b and so on. Although the cards 48 and 50 are positioned in front of the diodes 100, holes 118 and cut outs 120 in the cards 48 and 50 allow the diodes to be seen from the front of the device through lenses 122 mounted on the central strip 40. Because the holes and cutouts lie in the medial region of the cards, and each card is substantially symmetrical about an axis extending vertically through its medial region, the holes and cutouts will overlie the diodes even if the cards are reversed. 
     As will be described below, in the event that the child depresses the pushbutton and actuates the switch while the members 22 and 24 are in non-associated positions, the detection and signalling means will actuate the appropriate diode to indicate the position of the second set which should have been chosen for correct association. For example, if the first member 22 is in position 36c so that it is aligned with the word &#34;kitten&#34; (FIG. 1) and the second member 24 is in a position other than position 38d, the members are in non-associated positions. If the switch is actuated while the members are so positioned, the detection and signalling means will actuate the diode 100d. Because this diode is aligned with position 38d, it will emit a pulse of light in alignment with position 38d. This will indicate to the child that he should have chosen the picture of the kitten, displayed at position 38d. 
     The electronic components within the housing are arranged as depicted in FIGS. 4 and 7. As shown in FIG. 4, a printed circuit board 52 is mounted within the interior cavity 16 of the housing. This printed circuit board includes a multiple position switch 53 which has a printed common element or bus bar 54 and a plurality of printed contact pads 56 adjacent to the bus bar 54 but electrically insulated therefrom. An electrical contact element 58 is affixed to the second member 24, and is constructed and arranged to electrically connect one of the pads 56 to the bus bar 54. The particular pad which is connected to the bus bar will depend upon the position of the member 24. Thus, in the position illustrated, (wherein the member 24 is in position 38d) the electrical contact element 58 connects the pad 56d with the bus bar 54. If the member 24 were moved to the position 38b, the contact element 58 would connect the pad 56b with the bus bar 54. Thus, the multiple position switch 53 is operatively associated with the second member 24. A similar arrangement of common element or bus bar 60, contact pads 62, and contact element 64 constitutes another multiple position switch 59 which is operatively associated with the first member 22 in a like manner. When the first member 22 is in position 36a, the common element 60 is connected to contact pad 62a; when the first member 22 is in position 36b, the common element 60 is connected to the contact pad 62b, and so on. 
     A third multiple position switch 65 is provided along the bottom of the circuit board 52. This switch includes bus bar 66, contact pads 68 and contact element 70. The contact element 70 is linked to an arm 72 which protrudes through the front surface of the housing, as shown in FIG. 1. The arm 72 is manually movable between any one of four positions. When the arm 72 is moved to any one of these positions, the contact element 70 will electrically connect a corresponding one of the contact pads 68 to the bus bar 66. 
     A pair of momentary switches are provided at the top of the printed circuit board. Momentary switch 74 includes a pair of contact pads 76 and 78 and a contact element 80. Momentary switch 82 includes a pair of contact pads 84 and 86 and contact element 88. The contact elements 80 and 88 are both affixed to an electrically insulating element 90 which is slidably mounted to the front piece 12 of the housing. The slidable element 90 includes a push button 92, which protrudes upwardly through the top of the housing. This slidable element 90 is biased upwardly by a compression spring 94, which is mounted so that one of its ends bears on the underside of the slidable element and the other one of its ends bears on a boss 96 which is formed integrally with the front piece 12 of the housing. Therefore, the slidable element 90 will normally stay in the position depicted in FIG. 4. In this position, the contact elements 80 and 88 do not electrically connect the contact pads with which they are associated. However, when the operator depresses the push button 92, he can momentarily force the slidable element 90 downwardly until contact element 80 connects pad 76 with pad 78, and contact element 88 connects pad 84 with pad 86. Thus, the two momentary switches 74 and 82 are normally open, and are mechanically linked for simultaneous operation. 
     The electrical components of the device, including the switches described above, are shown schematically in FIG. 7. These electrical components include a Texas Instruments Model TMS 1000 microprocessor 98, which is available commercially from Texas Instruments, Inc., P.O. Box 1443, Houston, Tex. 77001. Such microprocessors include a plurality of exposed terminals which are sequentially numbered, starting with the number &#34;1&#34;, by the manufacturer. The connections of the various elements to these terminals are indicated by the letters on the block representing the microprocessor 98 in FIG. 7 and by Table II, below. Thus, for example, the contact pad 56a of multiple position switch 53 is schematically depicted as being connected to the microprocessor at letter &#34;J&#34;. As indicated in Table II, the letter &#34;J&#34; signifies connection to the terminal of the microprocessor which bears the manufacturer&#39;s number &#34;22&#34;. 
     
                       TABLE II______________________________________            TERMINALS(S) OF            MICROPORCESSORSYMBOL IN        (MANUFACTURER&#39;SFIG. 7           DESIGNATION)______________________________________A                9     and 4*B                27C                28D                1E                2F                3G                10    through 17*H                7J                22K                23L                24M                25N                26P                20Q                9     and 18*R                5S                8T                4U                21V                6______________________________________ *Indicates terminals connected in common. 
    
     The other electrical components include the light emitting diodes 100a through 100e, which are connected to the microprocessor 98 through a common resistor 102 and a loud speaker 104 which is connected to the microprocessor through a resistor 106. A damped resonant network consisting of a capacitor 108 and a resistor 110 is also connected to the microprocessor 98. These elements, along with the multiple position switches 53 and 59 are included in the &#34;detection and signalling means&#34; of the device; the function of this detection and signalling means will be described below. 
     The momentary switch 82 is directly connected to the microprocessor. The battery 112, a power source means for supplying electrical energy, is connected to the microprocessor through the transistor 114. The base of this transistor is connected to the microprocessor through a resistor 116, and it may also be connected, through the resistor 116 and momentary switch 74, to the positive terminal of the battery 112. The multiple position switch 65, which is directly connected to the microprocessor 98, serves as a manually operable control means and controls the detection and signalling means so that it will operate, as described below, in the mode chosen by the operator. 
     As will be appreciated, the action of the microprocessor will be controlled by the program which is written into its &#34;read only memory&#34; at the time of its manufacture. Such programs, which can be generated by those skilled in the art of microprocessor programming, are written in the so called &#34;machine language&#34; of the particular microprocessor utilized. For the Texas Instruments TMS 1000 microprocessor used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sequence of hexadecimal numbers set forth in FIG. 9 represents the correct machine language program to cause the microprocessor to perform the necessary functions and enable the detection and signalling means to operate in the manner described in this disclosure. It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the electronic arts that the exact program to be utilized in any microprocessor in the toy of the present invention will depend upon the internal structure of the microprocessor itself and the choice of connections for the various electronic elements of the toy. 
     The function of the detection and signalling means will be described here only with reference to its so called &#34;alignment testing&#34; mode; other modes of operation will be described below. However, the detection and signalling means will operate in the alignment testing mode when the multiple position switch 65 is in the position shown in FIGS. 4 and 7; its common element 66 is connected to its contact pad 68a. 
     When the detection and signalling means is operative in the alignment testing mode, and the battery is supplying electrical energy to the microprocessor through the transistor 114, logic means including the multiple position switches 59 and 53 and elements of the microprocessor 98, operating according to the program of the microprocessor, will detect the positions of the first and second members 22 and 24, and will determine whether they are in associated positions or in non-associated positions. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the first member 22 is in position 36c, so that the common element of multiple position switch 59 is connected to the contact pad 62c of that switch. The second member 24 is in position 38d, and the common element 54 of multiple position switch 53 is connected to the contact pad 56d of that switch. The microprocessor can therefore determine the positions of the elements by proceeding, according to its program, to check which one of its terminals are connected to each other through the multiple position switches. 
     If the multiple position switches 53 and 59 are in the states shown in FIG. 7, or are in any other states characteristic of the members 22 and 24 being in associated positions and the child depresses the pushbutton 92 (FIG. 4) to close the momentary switch 82, the microprocessor will cooperate with the resistor 110 and the capacitor 108 to produce a first sequence of audio frequency electrical signals, and will route these audio frequency electrical signals to the loudspeaker 104. The loudspeaker will convert these signals into a first series of audible tones. Together, such audible tones constitute a first operator perceivable signal. Preferably, this signal is in the form of a sequence of pleasant, musical notes, which serve as a further reward to the child using the toy for having correctly associated symbols and positioned the members 22 and 24 accordingly, and for having the courage of his convictions to assert that he has chosen correctly associated symbols by pressing the push button 92 to close the momentary switch 82. 
     If the members 22 and 24 are in non-associated positions, the logic means will detect such non-association in a similar manner. If the child depresses the push button 92 and thereby actuates the switch 82 while the members 22 and 24 are in non-associated positions, the microprocessor 98, capacitor 108 and resistor 110 will produce a second sequence of audio frequency signals different from those described above. The loudspeaker 104 will therefore produce a second series of audible tones, different from the first series of audible tones described above. This second series of audible tones will constitute a second operator perceivable signal different from the first operator perceivable signal. Preferably, this second operator perceivable signal consists of unpleasant tones. 
     If the momentary switch 82 is actuated while the members 22 and 24 are in non-associated positions, the microprocessor will also proceed, according to its program, to select the appropriate one of the light emitting diodes 100 and actuate that diode by routing electrical energy to it. As described above, the appropriate one of the light emitting diodes to be actuated in such a situation is the diode which is aligned with the position of the second set which is associated with the position of the first set in which the first member 22 was positioned at the time the switch 82 was actuated. 
     The battery or power source means 112 is connected to the microprocessor by way of the transistor 114. The transistor will only conduct electricity if a positive voltage is applied to its base lead 114a. When the pushbutton 92 (FIG. 4) is depressed, and the momentary switch 74 is closed, the positive voltage of the battery is momentarily applied to the base lead 114 of the transistor by way of the resistor 116. Therefore, the transistor will momentarily be in a conducting mode and will momentarily connect the battery 112 to the microprocessor 98 of the detection and signalling means. 
     After the pushbutton is released and the momentary switch 74 opens, the transistor 114 will continue to conduct only for so long as positive voltage from the battery is applied to its base lead 114a by the microprocessor 98 through lead 117. The microprocessor is programmed to measure time by counting oscillations of the resonant circuit (the capacitor 108 and resistor 110) and continue applying such voltage to the transistor for a predetermined period of time after the momentary switch 74 opens. The microprocessor is also programmed to detect any actuation of the switch 82 and to detect any change in state of the switches 53 and 59 which would occur upon movement of the members 22 and 24 (FIG. 1), and to restart the predetermined period of time upon any such actuation or movement. Thus, the transistor will continue to connect the battery to the microprocessor for a predetermined period of time after: 
     (a) the termination of the momentary connection by the opening of the switch 74, or 
     (b) the last movement of one of the members 22 or 24, or the last actuation of the switch 82, 
     whichever last occurs. At the end of such a predetermined period, the transistor will stop conducting and the microprocessor will be electrically isolated from the battery. Thus, if the child using the toy stops playing with it for too long a time, the toy will shut itself off and save its batteries. 
     Aside from the &#34;alignment-testing&#34; mode of operation described above, the toy according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention can also be utilized in a &#34;count mode&#34;, which tests the child&#39;s ability to count audible signals. To utilize the toy in the count mode, the cards 48 and 50 (FIG. 1) are interchanged so that the second surface 50b (FIG. 8) of card 50 is exposed on the front surface of the housing 10. Thus, the predetermined numerical symbols on this surface will be displayed in alignment with the position 38 of the second set according to a predetermined pattern. For example, the symbol &#34;1&#34; will be displayed in alignment with the position 38a, the symbol &#34;2&#34; will be displayed in alignment with the position 38b, and so on. 
     If the arm 72 (FIGS. 1 and 4) is positioned so that the common element 66 of the multiple-position switch 65 (FIGS. 4 and 7) is connected to the contact pad 68b, the microprocessor will operate in the count mode instead of in the alignment testing mode. In the count mode, the microprocessor will select a number from among those symbolized by the numerical symbols on the card and will &#34;remember&#34; which number it has selected. In response to a first actuation of switch 82, the microprocessor will cause the loudspeaker to emit the selected number of audible tones. The child counts the tones and selects the symbol corresponding to the number of tones. He then moves the second member 24 (FIG. 1) until its pointer portion points to the numerical symbol corresponding to this number. If the child correctly performs this task, the second member will be in a position aligned with the numerical symbol for the number originally selected by the microprocessor. If the child does not correctly perform these tasks, the second member will be in a position which is not so aligned. 
     In response to a second actuation of the switch 82, the microprocessor will check and determine whether, at the time of such actuation, the second member 24 is in the correct position for the number previously selected. If it is, the microprocessor will cause the loudspeaker to emit the &#34;first signal&#34; indicative of correct performance and described above in connection with the alignment-testing mode of operation. If it is not, the &#34;second signal&#34;, indicative of incorrect performance by the child will be emitted. In the event of incorrect performance by the child, the microprocessor will also actuate the one of the light-emitting diodes 100 which is aligned with the correct numerical symbol. 
     The toy is also usable in a randomizing mode. When the arm 72 (FIG. 1) is positioned so that the element 66 of switch 65 (FIG. 7) is connected to the contact pad 68c, the microprocessor 98 will operate in the randomizing mode. Upon actuation of the switch 82, the microprocessor will select a random one of the light-emitting diodes or visual indicators 100 and actuate the indicator so selected. The microprocessor will repeat this sequence of random choice and actuation each time the switch 82 is actuated. Thus, the toy can be used as a randomizing element in a game. 
     Preferably, when the toy is operated in the randomizing mode, a card surface (not shown) which includes a number of different symbols equal to the number of visual indicators is exposed on the front surface of the housing. Each one of these symbols is displayed in alignment with one of the visual indicators. Thus, the random selection and actuation of a visual indicator will signal the child to take action in accordance with the symbol which is aligned with the indicator so actuated. For example, each symbol may be a band of a particular color which corresponds to one of the colors on a multicolored game board. Actuation of the visual indicator or diode aligned with a particular color band on the card signals the child to advance a game piece to the next space of that color on the game board. 
     The loudspeaker 104 may be used to provide musical entertainment for the child. If the arm 72 (FIG. 1) of the mode selector switch 65 (FIG. 7) is positioned so that the common element 66 is connected to the contact pad 68d, the microprocessor will produce a series of audio-frequency electrical signals each time the switch 82 is actuated. The program of the microprocessor is so selected that the audio-frequency signals so produced will correspond to the notes in a musical melody. The loudspeaker 104 will convert these signals into an audible melody. Preferably, the microprocessor is programmed to produce different patterns of signals, corresponding to different melodies depending on the position of the second member 24 at the time the switch 82 is actuated. To enable the child to choose the desired melody, a card (not shown) is provided which incorporates symbols representative of the various melodies. These symbols are so arranged that each one will be displayed in alignment with the appropriate one of the positions 38 of the second set on the surface of the housing. 
     As described above, the child may choose the mode of operation of the toy by moving the arm 72 (FIG. 1) to an appropriate position, and by exposing an appropriate card face on the front of the housing. Preferably, each card face is marked with a mode symbol 124, and the positions of the arm are indicated on the housing by matching mode symbols 126. The symbols 124 and 126 are chosen so that the child can appropriately position the arm 72 by simply aligning it with a mode symbol 126 which matches the mode symbol 124 on the card surface which is exposed. For example, if the card surface 48a, appropriate to the alignment-testing mode, is exposed, mode symbol 124a (an S-shaped curve) will be visible. If the child moves arm 72 until it is aligned with matching mode symbol 126a (an S-shaped curve), the detection and signalling means within the toy will operate in the alignment-testing mode. By contrast, if the card surface 50b, (FIG. 8) appropriate to the count mode, is exposed, the mode symbol 124b (an asterisk) will be visible. The child would thus know to move the arm 72 into alignment with the mode symbol 126b on the housing (FIG. 1), and thereby cause the toy to operate in the count mode. Other symbols 126 are provided on the housing to indicate the appropriate arm positions for the randomizing mode and the music-generating mode. 
     As will be apparent from FIG. 1, the housing 10 is in the form of a man-like robot, and the members 22 and 24 constitute the arms of the robot. The pushbutton 92 forms the top of the robot&#39;s head. This arrangement is especially appropriate for use by young children; the child &#34;shakes hands&#34; with the robot when he adjusts the positions of the first and second members, and &#34;pats&#34; the robot on the head to provoke a response when he actuates the pushbutton 92. 
     The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment should be taken as merely illustrative, as numerous variations and combinations of the features described therein may be utilized without departing from the spirit of the present invention. 
     Merely by way of example, the detection and signalling means need not incorporate a microprocessor. As is well known to those skilled in the electronic arts, identical functions can be performed by discrete electronic components. Indeed, the detection and signalling means need not be electronically operated. Logically analagous mechanical or fluidic elements can replace the microprocessor, and mechanical or fluidic transducers can replace the loudspeaker and the light-emitting diodes. In any such arrangement, the switches referred to above would be replaced by appropriate clutches or valves, and the battery would be replaced by a source of mechanical energy. 
     Of course, some of the features described above may be omitted. For example, it would be possible to build a toy which would operate only in the alignment-testing mode. In such a toy, the mode selector arm and switch could be omitted. 
     Means for displaying symbols other than the interchangeable cards described above could be utilized. For example, the symbols could be simply marked on the front surface of the housing, or a liquid-crystal display could be provided. 
     Although the first and second members of the embodiment described above are slidably mounted to the housing, they could also be rotatably mounted to the housing. Of course, in such an embodiment, the positions of the members would lie in arcuate arrays rather than in straight rows along the sides of the device. Therefore, the display means would have to be modified to display the symbols in corresponding arcuate arrays in any such embodiment. Further, the pointer portions of the members could be omitted, as long as the configuration of the members is such that their alignment with the symbols can be readily discerned.