Abstract:
A horological motor of the Lavet motor concept is used to form an actuator to control movement of a lens system to reduce power consumption in digital camera units used in various electronic equipment, e.g. PDA&#39;s, mobile phones, digital still cameras and camcorders, and as a result increase battery life. The coils of the horological motor are driven with CMOS I/O signals eliminating the need for high current motor drivers and allowing the integration of all picture capture functions, including the light sensitive pixel array, into a single chip to form a system on chip implementation. A plurality of actuators is used to control a lens system comprising auto focus, zoom and shutter and iris functions. A gear transmission system is used to allow the motor of the actuator to move in micro step, which allows calibration of the motor against mechanical barriers.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of Invention 
         [0002]    The present invention relates to digital camera modules used in digital equipment and mobile phones, and in particular to low power consumption actuators to improve longevity of battery power. 
         [0003]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0004]    Today there are various types of actuators used to perform auto focus (AF), zoom and camera shutter functions. In traditional digital still cameras (DSC) stepper motors are being used for actuator functions. These stepper motors require a relatively large current in the range of 100 mA to 200 mA that provide a drain on the operating life of the batteries used. To facilitate a long operation time, large batteries are used. 
         [0005]    In FR 823395 (Lavet) a low energy stepper motor is directed to horological devices such as watches and clocks. U.S. Pat. No. 2,986,683 (Lavet) is directed to drive wheels particularly applicable to timing instruments. U.S. Pat. No. 3,667,210 (Meitinger) is directed to a horological instrument that includes an oscillator such as a balance wheel. The oscillator comprises a conductive ring that is induced with current by mutual induction from a fixed coil. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,504,132 (Martin et al.) a multifunction electromagnetic actuator is directed to controlling exposure and focus in a photographic camera. U.S. Pat. No. 4,563,604 (Xuam) is directed to an electromagnetic stepping motor comprising two rotors coupled to a common transmission wheel to permit decreased size or decreased energy consumption for horological applications. 
         [0006]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,983 (Guckel et al.) is directed to a micromechanical device formed on a substrate using X-ray lithography process to form a rotating micromotor which is driven magnetically. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,349,574 (Edwin et al.) a horological movement is directed to a shaft guide where the guide is composed of three pieces sandwiched on one another to receive a control member. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,685,062 (McCarthy et al.) a method of fabrication is directed to a planar micro-motor suited for batch method of fabricating multiple planar stepper micro-motors from a single substrate wafer. U.S. Pat. No. 5,838,080 (Couderchon et al.) is directed to a stepper motor comprising a rotor, stator, a coil with a magnetic core in which the stator consists of a soft magnetic alloy. 
         [0007]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,918,078 (Imura et al.) is directed to a lens driving device that includes an operation ring rotated by a motor for automatic focusing. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,301,441 (Kato) a lens driving device is directed to focusing the lens of a camera using an AF motor. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,430,368 (Hata) an auto-focus apparatus is directed to a focusing device that has a first mode of a fine step interval for AF evaluation and a second mode of a course step interval for obtaining a rough in-focus position. U.S. Pat. No. 6,614,998 (Senba et al.) is directed to an auto-focus device that determines a plurality of positions of a lens group for focusing on a plurality of subjects using an AF motor the lens group or the imaging surface of a CCD device. A paper, “Micromotor Based on Film Permanent Magnets”, P. Meneroud et al., Actuator 2004, 9 th  International Conference on New Actuator, pp491-494, 14-16 Jun. 2004, Bremen, Germany; is directed to a design for a single step micro-motor where the rotor has been optimized to induce the greatest magnetic energy using film permanent magnets. 
         [0008]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a digital camera unit of prior art. An image is focused onto a CMOS/CCD imager sensing array  10  by a set of zoom lens  11  and auto focus lens  12 . A set of motors  13  are used to actuate a shutter  14  and adjust the set of zoom lens  13  and the set of auto focus lens  12 . The current requirement of the set of motors  13  necessitates the use of the motor driver circuits  15 . The motor driver circuits are controlled by the image processing circuitry  16 , which requires an input from zoom position  17 , AF (auto focus) position  18  and sensor control  19  to control the movement of the motors  13  and provide a focused image onto the CMOS/CCD imager sensing array  10 . The current requirement of the motors  13  provides a large drain on the power supply of the battery of the digital camera unit, and extra circuitry is required to provide position information of the zoom lens  11  and the auto focus lens  12 . 
         [0009]    In the mobile phone market, digital camera modules are being integrated into mobile phone handsets. This emerging new market of mobile phones comprising digital camera functions compete with low to midrange DCS market and challenges the capability of power consumption to provide an adequate battery life during operation, which in turn challenges low power consumption of the needed actuator elements. 
         [0010]    In the watch industry precision, compact and low power actuators have been implemented using a Lavet motor concept. The Lavet type motors are capable of driving watch mechanisms with very low voltages and consuming very low current. This is a result of the Lavet style motors being active only when a step is performed, which leads to a very low power consumption resulting in battery life up to five years. Appling the Lavet concept to actuators in motorized camera modules produces lower power consumption along with a smaller size and simple electronic control, wherein the actuator power consumption is approximately fifteen times lower with approximately ten times lower current consumption at a one and a half times lower voltage. This leads to operating product containing digital cameras longer than product using conventional actuator and is particularly important to the mobile phone market. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    It is an objective of the present invention to reduce power consumption for digital camera functions, comprising auto focus (AF), zoom and shutter control, and thereby increase battery life. 
         [0012]    It is also an objective of the present invention to use a Lavet motor concept to control actuators of a digital camera function, thereby minimizing the power drain on batteries. 
         [0013]    It is further an objective of the present invention to drive actuators with digital I/O signals allowing the integration of all electronic picture capture functions onto a single semiconductor chip including the necessary pixel array. 
         [0014]    In the present invention a horological Lavet type motor concept is used to reduce power consumption by actuators for digital camera functions that form a part of portable digital assistant (PDA) and mobile phones as well as digital still cameras (DSC) and camcorders (CC). The Lavet motor concept has been used for years in watches drawing minuscule power from watch batteries in which the low current drain from the batteries occurs only when the Lavet motor is taking a step. In the present invention, the low current necessary to drive an actuator formed from the Lavet type motor concept allows the actuator to be driven directly with digital I/O signals, thereby allowing an integration of all picture capture functions, including the pixel array, into a single chip forming a system on chip (SOC) implementation. 
         [0015]    In the actuator of the present invention a current position of the rotor of the Lavet type motor is held in position by a static torque, which allows the system to be handled and turned without loosing position of the actuator even when power is turned off. In other motor concepts without static torque either power must be maintained or a frictional force is required to keep track of the position of the actuator. 
         [0016]    The actuator of the present invention uses a gear transmission that allows the motor of the actuator to move in micro steps creating changes in position of the actuator that are on the order of micrometers for each step. The micro steps allow the motor to operate against a mechanical barrier in order to calibrate the position of the motor. The gear transmission uses a 1/180 ratio such that no position sensors are required to perform zoom and AF functions. The mechanical construction of the actuator allows placing the actuator into miniaturized camera modules to support requirements of a mobile phone containing a digital camera function. 
         [0017]    The actuators for zoom and AF are located on the same surface with a low profile of approximately 2.6 mm to allow usage in mobile phones. The supply voltage is between 2V and 3.3V where the maximum turn-on current is less than approximately 8 ma with the average current is approximately 5 ma. The actuators are designed to withstand an environmental shock of approximately 10.000 G from accidental dropping of the product within which they are mounted such as a mobile phone. This is accomplished by the addition of a clutch that releases the gears at a predefined force, which are used to control the position of the optical modules that control zoom and AF. After an environmental shock an algorithm repositions the actuators to a default position from which the image being created by a user can be re-established by the user. 
     
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]    This invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
           [0019]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a digital camera unit of prior art; 
           [0020]      FIG. 2A  is a schematic diagram of a digital camera unit of the present invention; 
           [0021]      FIG. 2B  is a block diagram of a system-on-chip implementation of the present invention; 
           [0022]      FIG. 3A  is a diagram of the digital camera unit of the present invention; 
           [0023]      FIG. 3B  is a diagram of the disassembled digital camera unit of the present invention; 
           [0024]      FIG. 3C  is a diagram of clutch used in the digital camera unit of the present invention; 
           [0025]      FIG. 4  is a diagram of a compact digital camera module of the present invention; and 
           [0026]      FIG. 5  is a method of the present invention for forming a digital camera module. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0027]    In  FIG. 2A  is a schematic diagram of a digital camera unit of the present invention. A series of lens, comprising zoom  35  and focus  36 , are centered on an optical axis  30  to focus an image onto an image sensor  31 , which comprises a CCD (charge coupled device) or a CMOS image sensor. An actuator  32 , comprising a horological stepper motor, is controlled by CMOS I/O signals connected from the sensor control and image processor circuitry  34 . The actuator  32  controls the movement of moveable lens elements forming zoom  35  and AF (auto focus)  36  where at least one lens is moveable in each of the moveable lens elements. In the digital camera units having a shutter or iris, the actuator  32  is used to control the shutter and iris function  37 . 
         [0028]    The horological stepper motor contained within the actuator  32  uses approximately an order of magnitude less current at approximately one and one half times lower voltage, resulting in approximately thirty times lower power dissipation than that is found in motors typically used in digital camera units, which perform similar functions. The maximum switch-on current of the horological motor of the present invention is less than approximately 8 ma with an average current of approximately 5 ma. The reduction in the power requirements not only reduces the drain on batteries but also allows the actuators  32  to be driven from standard CMOS I/O signals from within the sensor control and image processing circuitry  34 , which leads to the capability of creating a system-on-chip that comprises the image sensor array, control circuitry, image processing circuitry and the CMOS I/O to drive the actuators. 
         [0029]    There are no position sensors required in the present invention to perform the zoom and AF functions since the gear transmission ratio is chosen to be 1/180. The gear transmission system contained within the actuator  32  permits the horological step motor contained within the actuator to be driven is short steps in the range of micrometers, which in turn allows the horological step motor to move to a mechanical barrier and therefore, providing the capability to calibrate the position of the stepper motor. 
         [0030]      FIG. 2B  shows a block diagram of the present invention where the electronic circuits required to operate a digital camera unit are integrated into a single system-on-chip (SOC)  40 . An image sensor array, control and image processing circuitry are integrated together along with the standard CMOS I/O drivers needed to provide control signals to the actuators  32 . The SOC integration is made possible by the elimination of the need to have high power drivers for the motors previously used to adjust the position of camera lens and operate a shutter or iris. The SOC integration produces an improvement in reliability and a reduction in cost resulting from having fewer component parts. 
         [0031]    In  FIG. 3A  is shown the actuator  32  of the present invention with the cap  50  removed from the assemblage of the actuator. The cap is joined to the assemblage of the actuator using the alignment posts  51  as guides. Two coils  52  of the stator are held in place horizontal to the base plate  54  by a stator core frame  58  mounted in the assemblage of the actuator using the alignment posts  51 . A rotor  53  is secured in a hole formed within the stator core frame  58  and is driven by electrical signals to the coils  52  from CMOS I/O signals from the sensor control and image processing circuitry  34  ( FIG. 2A ). A gear  55  transfers torque from a rotor gear  60  ( FIG. 3B ) to the output drive shaft  56  comprising a gear like structure that interfaces a moveable lens element. The gear  55  and the output drive shaft  56  form a clutch arrangement (describe in  FIG. 3C ). A flexible printed circuit  57  connects electrical signals to the coils from the outside of the actuator. 
         [0032]      FIG. 3B  is a diagram of the disassembled digital camera unit  32  of the present invention. A base structure  64  contains four alignment posts  51  and clearance cavities for other parts of the assembly. Two spacer elements  61  are position on the alignment post  51  over which the frame of the stator  58  is assembled onto the alignment posts  51 . The stator frame  58  contains a hole  64  into which the rotor  53  of the horological stepper motor is inserted and holds in position two electrical coils  52  located to either side of the stator alignment hole  64  parallel to the base plate of the actuator. The rotor  53  is magnetized in a radial orientation to produce rotation when the coils  52  are energized with a current from CMOS I/O drivers. 
         [0033]    A rotor gear  60  of the horological stepper motor is held in position by a shaft protruding from the rotor structure, which is delimited by a hole  65  in the base plate  54 . The stator, comprising the stator frame  58  and the two coils  52 , holds the rotor  53  in at least one neutral position when phases of the stator are not energized. The rotor  53  is moved in minute steps in the range of micrometers whereby the torque of the rotor gear  60  turns gear  55  and output drive shaft  56  of the gear system to affect movement in the lens assembly comprising zoom, focus, shutter and iris. 
         [0034]    The gear system of the present invention comprises a rotor gear  60 , a gear  55  and a gear forming a part of the output drive shaft  56 , which cooperates with a moveable optical element  35 ,  36  or  37  ( FIG. 2A ) to transmit movement from the rotor  53  of the horological stepper motor to the optical element. The output drive shaft  56  is positioned between hole  66  in the base plate  54  and hole  67  in the actuator cap  50 . The gear  55  is positioned along the axis of the output drive shaft and engages gear teeth formed under the shoulder of the output drive shaft, shown in  FIG. 3C , which forms a clutch arrangement. The clutch arrangement provides a capability to release the gear system by allowing the output drive shaft to be disengaged from the gear  55  and to allow the gear system freedom to turn to reduce the risk of damage to the gears when the device containing the digital camera unit is dropped or suffers other environmental shock conditions. After an environmental event where the gears have been disengaged, a simple algorithm allows repositioning of the actuators to a default position. 
         [0035]    In  FIG. 3C  is shown a diagram of the clutch used in the digital camera unit of the present invention. Gear  55  engages the rotor gear  60  of the horological motor with gear teeth  55   a  and contains an opening  59  into which the output drive shaft  56  is disposed. Within the opening  59  is a first set of teeth  55   b  that engage a second set of teeth  56   b  located on the output drive shaft. When the first and second set of teeth are engaged, the motion of the rotor  53  ( FIG. 3B ) is transferred to the output drive shaft  56 . The output drive shaft  56  transfers the motion of the rotor  53  to the optical element being driven with the gear structure  56   a  located at one end of the output drive shaft  56 . 
         [0036]    When an environmental event resulting to a shock force to be imparted upon the gear system of the digital camera unit, the teeth  55   b  and  56   b  become disengaged allowing the gears of the digital camera unit to be freed of mechanical constraint and allow the gear system to be neutral to any mechanical force imposed between the optical elements and the horological motor. Under this condition the lens packets may move and loose their current position; therefore, a calibration cycle is used after such a shock condition. The calibration is performed by moving the lens packets to known end positions, designed as mechanical stops, and then the lens packets are moved in a controlled manner back to the position prior to the shock event or by the demand of the user. 
         [0037]    In  FIG. 4  is shown a diagram of a compact digital camera module of the present invention. The first lens  60  performs the light entrance to the optics and through the optical system the light to the light sensor. A first actuator  61  and a second actuator  62  are shown assembled into the digital camera module face down where the gear on the output drive shaft  56  is engaged with an optical element (not shown). An end  63  of the output drive shaft  56 , opposite the output drive shaft gear, is shown protruding through the base plate  54  of the actuator. Hole  65  located in the base plate  54  is the hole that delimits the shaft of the rotor  53 . Also shown are the alignment pins  51  that are used to align the assemblage of the actuators  61  and  62 . 
         [0038]      FIG. 5  shows a method of the present invention for forming a digital camera module. An image sensor is placed at the end of an optical axis of a lens system  80 , and the image sensor is centered on the optical axis. The lens system is formed with moveable optical elements  81 , comprising zoom, auto focus, shutter and iris, to allow adjustment of the optical elements. An electrical horological step motor is formed as an integral part of an actuator  82  to provide a capability of the actuator to create a torque necessary to adjust the optical elements. The electrical horological stepper motor is formed with a stator and a rotor. The stator contains a core bearing electrical coils which are oriented parallel with a base plate of the actuator containing the stepper motor. The electrical coils are driven by CMOS I/O signals, which cause the rotor to turn. The rotor is magnetized in a radial fashion, and the rotor is held in at least one fixed neutral position when phases of the stator are not energized. A delimiting hole is formed in the base plate into which the rotor is arranged. 
         [0039]    Continuing to refer to  FIG. 5 , a gear system is formed within the actuator coupled to the electrical horological step motor  83  to transfer the torque of the step motor to an output drive shaft to produce movement in the moveable optical elements. The gear system contains an integrated clutch that disengages the gear system such that the gears are free to turn in the advent of an environmental event such as a mechanical force from dropping the device containing the digital camera module containing the actuator. Control and image processing circuitry are formed  84  to control the moveable optical elements, to capture of an image with the image sensor and to process the digital image captured by the image sensor. The actuator is driven with electrical signal using CMOS I/O signals from the control circuitry  85 . The ability to drive the actuator with standard CMOS I/O signals allows the electronics of the digital camera module to be integrated in to a system-on-chip comprising the image sensor, control circuitry, image processing circuitry and the CMOS I/O drivers, which are coupled to the coils of the stator. The gear system of actuator adjusts the moveable optical elements  86  by transferring a stepped movement of the horological step motor to the optical elements through the gear system of the actuator. A digital image is captured by the image sensor  87  after the adjustment of the optical elements have been satisfactorily adjusted, and the digital image is outputted from image processing circuitry  88  to a display or storage. 
         [0040]    While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.