Abstract:
A vitamin, mineral, herbal, and micronutrient treatment for acne via support of the physiologic processes in the body which cause acne is disclosed. It is a targeted formula, designed specifically to address the causes of acne. This specific, unique formulation preferably in a gummy substrate for ease of administration, to induce a willingness on the part of the target population to take it, and to increase the bioavailability of the active ingredients. Other types of confection or edible vehicle can be used.

Description:
[0001]    This application claims benefit from provisional application Ser. No. 60/703,758 filed Jul. 28, 2005. 
     
     BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The treatment of acne in the United States has focused largely on the external administration of creams, astringents and the like, with little success. The current invention results from the theory, formulated by the principal inventor, that acne is an internal, periodic condition resulting from a temporary physiologic disequilibrium in the human body and should therefore be treated as such. Acne is hypothesized then to be not a disease, but rather a periodic condition resulting from one or another changes in the body when the body needs additional nutritional support. The inventor has identified those changes believed to cause acne and combined sufficient vitamins and minerals in the formulation to address each of these causes. The changes may be stress, hormonal imbalance or the dietary inadequacies in the population. 
         [0003]    Generally this invention encompasses the administration of condition-specific formulations of vitamins, minerals, herbs, micronutrients in a gummy candy (or other confection) substrate, where the combination of vitamins, minerals herbs and micronutrients are specifically designed and formulated in a unique combination, to support the human body&#39;s functions with regard to, and to strengthen its resistance to, stated conditions, in this instance to treat acne and for other formulations applied to other specific conditions. 
         [0004]    Multi-vitamin pills and tablets, which are available in great quantities, are typically all-encompassing combinations which are deemed to be necessary for general well-being. Multi-vitamin products do not contemplate the treatment or alleviation of any particular condition. This invention refers to specifically designed combinations of vitamins, minerals, herbs and micronutrients to address particular needs pertaining to particular conditions of the human body. These targeted nutrients assume, as a foundation, a general level of health, which the multi-vitamins address and are in addition to those, to treat acne specifically. 
         [0005]    Single vitamin products such as Vitamin C water or single component pills rely on the consumer to select those requirements he or she needs, and to administer them correctly. This invention provides the pre-selected components for a particular condition and frees the consumer from having to study the scientific literature to make a correct selection for a given condition. For example, the administration of calcium supplements to women, a very popular product, ignores the consequent magnesium and phosphorus relationships to calcium, and may result in a either a magnesium or phosphorus deficiency. Thus self-administration without knowledge is potentially a problem. 
         [0006]    This invention does not cover either the administration of a single vitamin or mineral, or the scattershot administration of multiple vitamins and minerals thrown at a problem with the hope that some of the vitamins will hit their target. 
         [0007]    Pursuant to the invention, a preferred embodiment of gelatin based gummy candies are used as a delivery system of a specific blend of vitamins, minerals and herbs for the treatment of acne. The gummy candy is formulated with sugar alcohols to produce a sugar free product, and fruit flavored to improve palatability and acceptability of the finished product. 
         [0008]    The uniqueness of the vitamin and mineral blend is the basis for this invention. Additionally, the absence of sugar in the product enhances the effectiveness of the vitamin blend. 
         [0009]    The use of a gummy candy to deliver a micronutrient is not new technology. However, the use of the system to deliver a blend specific for the treatment of acne is unique with this product. 
         [0010]    The patent and scientific literature is full of nutritional and vitamin supplement formulations, but there is no disclosure suggesting the present invention for protection and treatment of acne. Even though some of this invention&#39;s ingredients are available in generic multi-vitamin supplements, they are not provided in the combination or in the quantities necessary to treat acne specifically, as disclosed herein. 
         [0011]    The formula is targeted to address the specific internal causes of acne, particularly in adolescents, the target cohort of 12 to 24 year olds. 
         [0012]    The delivery vehicle of the formulation for acne is edible and may be, as noted above, a sugar-free gummy candy, but may also be in another candy, snack food form, or even a pill. The purpose of this invention is to make generally available the benefits of a targeted group of vitamins, minerals and micronutrients to the population without its having to select individual components to address health issues, but rather to have pre-selected elements incorporated in a single vehicle and for a single purpose. A further object is to provide ease of administration via the gummy candy form, encourage usage of such scientifically selected vitamins, minerals, herbs and nutrients for the support of specific body functions, and eliminate the need to swallow pills, a traditional barrier to the administration of such substances, especially for the target cohort of teens and young adults. 
         [0013]    We have tested the formulation in over 200 test candidates ranging in age from 16 to 54, by one of the inventors in about 80 persons and independently in 120 persons. The formulation has resulted in a better than 70% efficacy rate overall. The formulation was calculated to be the minimum amount of micronutrients necessary to have the desired effect. This was done to assure that the target population which has experience eating gummy candies, get the desired effect and still be able to eat many more than the recommended daily amount of two per day with no untoward effects. As a result the ranges specified in this application utilize a minimum in the formulation, as produced, but, in fact, may be much larger in actuality, with no negative effects. 
         [0014]    The maximum ranges provided in the table under Brief Manufacturing Description are considered normal amounts of administration for each of the components in the formula, and well within the range such that there is virtually no possibility of overdose. The use of a minimum amount pertains more to the target population being ages 12 to 24 and the candy-like format, than to the possible amounts that can be safely administered to a human. Thus the maximum amounts of the formulation would be therapeutic amounts well within a reasonable established dosage level for each constituent component, and thus able to be included at such levels. Thus this application discloses a range of absolute dosage levels unrelated to the vehicle in which they are provided. The provision of the disclosed formula with the disclosed ranges in a pill, capsule, drink or any more conventional vitamin, mineral and micronutrient vehicle is thus also contemplated by the invention. 
       Research 
       [0015]    The regulation of the skin, as the largest excretory organ of the human body, and consequently, the body&#39;s ability to eliminate acne, is supported by vitamins, minerals, herbs and micronutrients (15) (67) (68). It is the contention of this application that acne is an internal phenomenon, which manifests itself externally, but has as its root causes, internal changes in the body. This application purports to address the causes of acne, rather than its effects. 
         [0016]    Vitamin B1, pantothenic acid, and other B vitamins have all been shown to play a role in wound healing in animal studies. (6) (8) (14). The inventors believe that wounds have a correlative in acne, including inflammation, infection and tissue destruction. The B vitamins play a role in hormonal regulation (10) (12), as does Vitamin E. (13) (21) (44). It has often been observed that hormonal changes affect acne, both the periodic form of the menstrual cycle and the surges of adolescence. Any substance which assists in the control and regulation of hormones would thus, in the view of the inventors, have a positive effect on acne. The B vitamin complex has also been shown to support the immune system in general (28), and B5 and B6 particularly for acne support (36) (40) (60). The ability of the body to ward off infection clearly has a role in the prevention of acne. 
         [0017]    Vitamin C is needed to support the human immune system (48). The role of bacteria in acne pertains to immunity levels. Vitamin C is also crucial in the making of collagen that strengthens skin, muscles, and blood vessels, in support against inflammation (57), and to ensure proper wound healing (68). Preliminary human studies suggest that vitamin C supplementation in non-deficient people can speed healing of various types of wounds and trauma, including surgery, minor injuries, and skin ulcers. In addition Vitamin C is instrumental in support of the immune system and stress-related difficulties. (7)(16) (17) Each of these has a correlation to acne and the conditions which leave the body vulnerable to it. 
         [0018]    Zinc assists in the repair of wounds (3)(4) (41) (42) (43) (50), the amelioration of acne (22) (23) (35) (69) and herpes simplex (26) (27) (29), immunity and inflammation (54). Both exercise and sleep-deprivation are shown to diminish internal zinc (38), both common occurrences in the target cohort. Stress and lack of sleep are notorious states for teens. Zinc may also play a role in hormonal imbalance correction (51) (70). 
         [0019]    Vitamin E has been shown to help in ulcerative lesions, general cell injury and in scarring of the skin (45) (46) (47). Vitamin E also provides support for collagen (61). Animal studies have shown that supplementing with Vitamin E can decrease the formation of unwanted adhesions following a surgical wound. Vitamin E may also play a role in improving the immune system (53) (71). Vitamin E plays a role in hormonal balance. 
         [0020]    Sugar consumption has a negative effect on the skin (2) (19). Nicotinamide has been shown to assist in the glucose levels of humans (49) (52). Given the sugar-laden diets of the U.S. population, and teens in particular, glucose regulation is important in acne prevention. 
         [0021]    Bioavailability utilizing a slurry of vitamins, minerals, herbs and micronutrients in a chewable form is increased over encapsulated equivalents (39) or when administered in a pill format. 
         [0022]    Several gummy multi-vitamin products have been available in the market. They are largely designed for children 2 to 4 years old, and 4 years old and above. Examples are sold under the trademarks L&#39;IL CRITTERS, MY FIRST FLINTSTONES, RHINO GUMMY BEAR VITAMINS, and YUMMI BEAR VITAMINS. These gummy vitamins are intended to provide vitamin and mineral supplements for general health. They are not designed for skin care and not for acne problems. Importantly, these gummy multi-vitamins have about 3 or 4 grams of sugar per dose, which directly counteracts at least the B vitamins and Vitamin C directly. When the component nutritional contents of these gummy multi-vitamins are analyzed, they are found to include some B vitamins, but not all. In particular, the B vitamins which are bitter-tasting are not included. We believe that they are excluded, not because they are not efficacious, but because the successful manufacture of a good-tasting product is too difficult to include them. 
         [0023]    Existing gummy vitamins include Vitamins A, D, calcium and magnesium, to achieve general welfare, none of which are included in the present invention, which specifically looks to include only those elements which are needed for the control of acne. 
     
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0024]    1. In particular, this disclosure covers a unique nutritional vitamin, mineral, herbal formulation for the therapeutic purpose of strengthening the body&#39;s defenses against the internal processes which cause acne. The formula preferably includes full-spectrum B vitamins, not a selection of the B&#39;s, since an excess of one B can result in a deficiency of another. The formula also includes Vitamin C for its anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and anti-oxidant characteristics. The formula also includes zinc for its skin-healing properties, and includes Vitamin E for its hormone regulation properties. 
         [0025]    In particular invention encompasses formula ranges as cited below (under Brief Manufacturing Description). 
         [0026]    The invention further encompasses all edible forms of each component, when combined with the others, e.g. zinc as zinc sulfate or zinc acetate. 
         [0027]    It is well known that the vitamin B complex components interact with each other, so that a surfeit of one will diminish another (72,73,74,75,76). As a result it is desirable to include substantially the full range of B vitamins in the formula, so as not to cause such a depletion. This invention is believed to provide the minimum amount of each vitamin, mineral and micronutrient necessary to be an effective amount (see minimums in the table below), assuming two pills, tablets or candies are taken daily. The table below provides, also, what an approximate maximum amount of the formula would be if administered in a pill or capsule form (two per day). It is the combination of these elements which gives the resulting efficacy against the disequilibria which cause acne. In some cases components preferably are included to broaden the application of the formulation, since there are apparently five or more different causes of acne for different individuals. Certain vitamins and minerals are effective against certain acne causes, but inclusion of components to treat several of the causes makes the formulation effective for more individuals. Thus this invention encompasses the formula ranges as described, well within the normal administration levels of each component, separately. 
         [0028]    2. Original use of an edible formulation in a gummy vitamin format for strengthening the body&#39;s defenses against acne. 
         [0029]    3. Use of a gummy vitamin format targeted for a therapeutic purpose to a particular malady or condition. 
         [0030]    4. Easy-to-use and pleasant-tasting delivery system, which encourages the administration of the vitamin, mineral and herbal therapeutic formulation to control acne. 
         [0031]    5. The deliberate maintenance of a slight vitamin, mineral, herbal, micronutrients aftertaste to inform the palate that although the product is in a candy substrate, the product has a therapeutic purpose. 
         [0032]    6. Packaging in a fun, multi-colored, designed container to attract the target cohort of ages 12 to 24. The presentation of the formula in a fun package, with a non-medicinal face, for greater acceptability of the product, in the target cohort of 12 to 24 year olds. 
         [0033]    7. Enhanced bioavailability of vitamins, minerals, herbs and micronutrients via mastication of a chewable gummy substrate rather than relying on the gastro-intestinal tract&#39;s ability to break down the substrate, which it does inefficiently, to treat a particular condition. 
         [0034]    8. The avoidance of sugar as a recipe component, which would have the effect of diminishing and neutralizing the therapeutic impact of several of the active ingredients, and so be counter-productive. 
         [0035]    9. A preferred combination is Vitamin E, in any of its various forms in the range of about 13 to 100 i.u., biotin in the range of about 3 mcg to 100 mcg, folic acid in the range of about 13 mcg to 100 mcg, niacin in any of its forms in the range of about 3 mg to 100 mg, PABA from about 3 mg to 100 mg, pantothenic acid from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B1 from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B12 from about 3 mcg to 50 mcg, Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in its various forms from about 25 mg to 1000 mg, zinc in its various bioavailable forms from about 1.67 mg to 75 mg, choline from about 3 mg to 100 mg, inositol from about 3.33 mg to 100 mg. 
         [0036]    10. Another combination would be Vitamin E, in any of its various forms in the range of about 13 to 100 i.u., folic acid in the range of about 13 mcg to 100 mcg, niacin in any of its forms in the range of about 3 mg to 100 mg, PABA from about 3 mg to 100 mg, pantothenic acid from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B1 from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B12 from about 3 mcg to 50 mcg, Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in its various forms from about 25 mg to 1000 mg, zinc in its various bioavailable forms from about 1.67 mg to 75 mg, choline from about 3 mg to 100 mg, inositol from about 3.33 mg to 100 mg. 
         [0037]    11. Another combination would be Vitamin E, in any of its various forms in the range of about 13 to 100 i.u., biotin in the range of about 3 mcg to 100 mcg, niacin in any of its forms of in the range of about 3 mg to 100 mg, PABA from about 3 mg to 100 mg, pantothenic acid from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B1 from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B12 from about 3 mcg to 50 mcg, Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in its various forms from about 25 mg to 1000 mg, zinc in its various bioavailable forms from about 1.67 mg to 75 mg, choline from about 3 mg to 100 mg, inositol from about 3.33 mg to 100 mg. 
         [0038]    12. Another combination would be Vitamin E, in any of its various forms in the range of about 13 to 100 i.u., biotin in the range of about 3 mcg to 100 mcg, folic acid in the range of about 13 mcg to 100 mcg, PABA from about 3 mg to 100 mg, pantothenic acid from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B1 from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B12 from about 3 mcg to 50 mcg, Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in its various forms from about 25 mg to 1000 mg, zinc in its various bioavailable forms from about 1.67 mg to 75 mg, choline from about 3 mg to 100 mg, inositol from about 3.33 mg to 100 mg. 
         [0039]    13. Another combination would be Vitamin E, in any of its various forms in the range of about 13 to 100 i.u., biotin in the range of about 3 mcg to 100 mcg, folic acid in the range of about 13 mcg to 100 mcg, niacin in any of its forms in the range of about 3 mg to 100 mg, pantothenic acid from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B1 from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B12 from about 3 mcg to 50 mcg, Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in its various forms from about 25 mg to 1000 mg, zinc in its various bioavailable forms from about 1.67 mg to 75 mg, choline from about 3 mg to 100 mg, inositol from about 3.33 mg to 100 mg. 
         [0040]    14. Another combination would be Vitamin E, in any of its various forms in the range of about 13 to 100 i.u., biotin in the range of about 3 mcg to 100 mcg, folic acid in the range of about 13 mcg to 100 mcg, niacin in any of its forms in the range of about 3 mg to 100 mg, PABA from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B1 from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B12 from about 3 mcg to 50 mcg, Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) from about 3 mg to 100 mg, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in its various forms from 25 mg to 1000 mg, zinc in its various bioavailable forms from about 1.67 mg to 75 mg, choline from about 3 mg to 100 mg, inositol from about 3.33 mg to 100 mg. 
         [0041]    15. Another combination would be 11, above without the B12. 
         [0042]    16. Another combination would be 11, above without the B2. 
         [0043]    17. Another combination would be 11, above without the B6. 
         [0044]    18. Another combination would be 11, above without the choline. 
         [0045]    19. Another combination would be 11, above without the choline or inositol. 
         [0046]    20. Another combination would be 19 without the biotin. 
         [0047]    21. Another combination would be 19 without the folic acid. 
         [0048]    22. Another combination would be 19 without the niacin. 
         [0049]    23. Another combination above would be 19 without the PABA. 
         [0050]    24. Another combination would be 19 without the pantothenic acid. 
         [0051]    25. Another combination would be 19 without the B12. 
         [0052]    26. Another combination would be 19 without B2. 
         [0053]    27. Another combination would be 19 without B6. 
         [0054]    28. Another combination would be 19 without biotin or folic acid. 
         [0055]    29. Another combination would be 28 without niacin. 
         [0056]    30. Another combination would be 28 without PABA. 
         [0057]    31. Another combination would be 28 without pantothenic acid. 
         [0058]    32. Another combination would be 28 without B12. 
         [0059]    33. Another combination would be 28 without B2. 
         [0060]    34. Another combination would be 28 without B6. 
         [0061]    35. As a further variation, alpha lipoic acid, about 50 to 100 mg, and/or selenium, about 200 to 400 mcg, can be included in any of the above formulations. Each of them has been found effective against certain types of infection which would also pertain to acne. 
         [0062]    36. Any of the above formulations, further including oregano and parsley aquaresin as in the chart below. 
         [0063]    It is important to note that the above variations reflect the fact that there are different causes of acne in different persons, and the different causes respond to some extent to different vitamin and mineral treatments. Many of the different individual components could be eliminated while still resulting in a composition that proves an effective treatment for much of the population of acne patients. 
       Test Results 
       [0064]    A total of 200 test candidates, ages 13 to 54, were tested with the formulation. They were asked to take two per day and to report whether there were any changes in their skin. As acne manifests itself differently, from mild to moderate to extensive, depending on the person and his condition at any given time, the candidates were simply asked to describe the change, if any was observed, in their skin. Two candidates with cystic acne were simultaneously treated with Accutane, which rendered their results confusing, at best. The Accutane-taking candidates had quite ruddy skin tones, looking like a rash both at the beginning and end of their trial. We do not therefore have an opinion as to whether the formulation is efficacious in the cystic acne population. 
         [0065]    The test population was comprised of 200 people ages 13 to 54. Of all test candidates, 73.84% showed efficacy. Ages 13 to 17 had an efficacy rate of 74.6%, ages 18 and over an efficacy rate of 73.39%. Test subjects were not considered valid if they failed to take the product for the requisite time period. 26.16% of all test candidates reported no efficacy, 25.40% of 13 to 17 year olds and 26.61% of ages 18 and over. Observations included the description of preliminary results within a 12 hour period, manifesting as a reduction in the size of the acne break-outs and a general calming down of the outbreaks. Additional observations include the prevention of outbreaks proceeding through their normal course, from outset and rather, instead, being stopped. 
         [0066]    Many test candidates have continued to ask for additional and/or ongoing supplies of product, a further indication of their positive finding. 
         [0067]    On the following pages are preferred ranges for the formulation. The testing described above utilized the lowest amounts in the table, as the objective was to find the minimum amount necessary to achieve the desired result, and the test candidates took two per day, thus twice the minimum each day for each component. 
       Brief Manufacturing Description 
       [0068]    Manufacturing the product in a preferred gummy-candy embodiment will follow normal manufacturing process of gummy jelly candies, excluding sugar. 
         [0069]    A solution of gelatin is prepared by soaking dried gelatin granules in water and heated at a temperature to sufficiently melt and solubilize the gelatin. A solution of sugar alcohols is heated to about 93% soluble solids and then cooled to below the boiling temperature of water. The solubilized gelatin is blended with the blend of vitamins and minerals until homogeneous. The gelatin solution is added to the sugar alcohol syrup and blended together along with flavors, colors and acidulants. The syrup solids at this point will be about 78-79% soluble solids. The blended syrup is deposited into starch mold impressions and allowed to solidify. The starch mold will draw excess moisture from the gelatin-based gel. Typical time to achieve desired level of moisture is 24 hours. The finished solids of the product will be about 82% soluble solids. The set candies are removed from the starch and the candies are lightly coated with fat and wax based film to keep the finished candies separate. The product is then transferred for packaging. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Ranges of Composition of Vitamin Blend Per 150 mg 
               
               
                 (Target for 1 Unit) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Component 
                 Weight Range 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Vitamin E (as acetate, USP-FCC) 
                 13.33 IU–100 IU   
               
               
                 Biotin (FCC) 
                 3.33 mcg–100 mcg  
               
               
                 Folic Acid (USP-FCC) 
                 13.33 mcg–100 mcg   
               
               
                 Niacin (as Niacinamide, USP) 
                 3.33 mg–100 mg  
               
               
                 PABA (USP) 
                 3.33 mg–100 mg  
               
               
                 Pantothenic Acid (as D-Calcium 
                 3.33 mg–100 mg  
               
               
                 Pantothenate, USP) 
               
               
                 Vitamin B1 (as Thiamin Mononitrate, USP-FCC) 
                 3.33 mg–100 mg  
               
               
                 Vitamin B12 (as Cyanocobalamin, USP) 
                 3.33 mcg–50 mcg   
               
               
                 Vitamin B2 (as Riboflavin, USP-FCC) 
                 3.33 mg–100 mg  
               
               
                 Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxine HCl, USP-FCC) 
                 3.33 mg–100 mg  
               
               
                 Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid, USP-FCC) 
                  25 mg–1000 mg 
               
               
                 Zinc (as Zinc Acetate) 
                 1.67 mg–75 mg   
               
               
                 Choline (as Choline Bitartate, USP) 
                 3.33 mg–100 mg  
               
               
                 Inositol (FCC) 
                 3.33 mg–100 mg  
               
               
                 Maltodextrin (as Maltrin-100) 
                 Quantity sufficient 
               
               
                 (as a binding agent, not an active 
                 to hold together 
               
               
                 ingredient) 
               
               
                 Oregano &amp; Parsley Aquaresin Solution 
                 0.01 g 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0070]    The invention further encompasses all edible forms of each component, when combined with the others, e.g. zinc as zinc sulfate rather than zinc acetate. 
         [0071]    In another preferred form of the invention the above formulation further includes alpha-lipoic acid and selenium, in the ranges of about 10-100 mg, and about 400 mcg, respectively. 
         [0072]    As noted above, gummy candies are one preferred embodiment, and the invention includes the incorporation of the formulation in other candy or confection, including candy bars, jelly beans, and other candy, preferably without sugar. 
         [0073]    Some variations from the above table are possible while still gaining the principal benefits of the invention. Basically, the invention in broad terms encompasses a daily oral dose of a formulation that includes the combination of vitamin B (in a range of B vitamins), vitamin C, zinc, and vitamin E. A broad spectrum of the B vitamins, as listed in the above table, is preferred but is not absolutely necessary. Fewer than all of these B vitamins can be included in the formulation. The minimum quantities per day are approximately twice the amounts in the table, i.e. the table amount, taken twice per day. 
         [0074]    Note that the above list of components and ranges includes four of the B vitamins (as well as pantothenic acid, which is sometimes identified as vitamin B5). It is preferred, but not absolutely necessary, that all or substantially all the B vitamins be included because, as explained above, the vitamin B complex components interact with each other. An excess of one or several of the B vitamins will diminish another, or several others. It should be understood that omission of several of the B vitamins, or even many of the B vitamins, may still provide an effective treatment against acne, but this may cause deficiencies in other respects, which can possible lead to other problems. 
         [0075]    The above described preferred embodiments are intended to illustrate the principles of the invention, but not to limit its scope. Other embodiments and variations to these preferred embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. 
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