Abstract:
Methods and devices are provided for a wireless microphone network whereby robustness for reception of audio information transmitted by one or more wireless microphones is enhanced. The system incorporates a dual stage network approach for collecting, transmitting and receiving audio information. In the first stage, audio information collected by one or more microphone modules is transmitted to a series of receiver base stations. In the second stage, information received at each base station is subsequently transmitted to a receiver hub that selects or augments the information to produce a high quality representation of audio information, which provides improved robustness and reliability with respect to the movement or physical placement of each microphone module.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    Wireless microphones are commonly used in numerous recording, playback or broadcast environments, including concerts, live stage recording, theatre, education, conferences, television or radio. The microphone modules themselves are often configured as either handheld or as a smaller lavalier microphone unit that is connected with a transmitter pack. Audio information collected by a wireless microphone module is transmitted to be received by an array of receiver base stations. The transmitter unit in the microphone module should be as lightweight as possible, while providing a sufficiently long lifetime of operation without the need for battery recharging or replacement while at the same time, providing as wide of a range as possible for the allowable physical location of the module. The strength of signal received by a base station is dependent on both the strength (power level) of the transmitted signal and location of the microphone module relative to a base station. Accordingly, it is desirable to create a wireless microphone system with an improved range of reception for a given transmission power level. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0002]    The disclosed invention provides a means to extend the allowable physical range for the operation of a wireless microphone. This can be accomplished while maintaining limits on the power levels used for data transmission between a microphone module and two or more receiving base stations. 
         [0003]    A microphone module may be worn or carried by a user or mounted in close proximity to a desired sound source such as a performer, talker, musical instrument or other acoustic source. In the case of a wireless microphone module, audio information may be wirelessly communicated to another location for storage (recording), playback or broadcast. The efficacy of such a system depends on reliable wireless transmission of audio data. Tradeoffs in designing a wireless microphone module include the size and weight of the battery, the transmitter output power level, useful battery life and bandwidth (or transmission data capacity) in order to maintain reliability of transmission over a sufficient range for the physical placement or movement of the microphone module. Extending the allowable range of microphone modules for a fixed or lower transmitter power level provides an opportunity for using a smaller or lighter weight battery, reduced power consumption and/or using a lower power transmitter design and may even aid in helping make devices compliant with FCC or other government regulations. 
         [0004]    According to the invention, each microphone module transmits collected audio information wirelessly through a first stage of the network to be received by two or more base stations at different physical locations. Depending on their locations, each of them will present a distinct level of electromagnetic coupling and noise level or interference with respect to the current location for each transmitting microphone module. Therefore, at any given time, the available received signal strength (or signal to noise ratio) for each module will vary from one base station to another. Accordingly, depending on physical placement, one or more base stations will have an advantage in receiving transmitted audio data over the others. 
         [0005]    Within the context of the invention, two or more base stations remain operative in attempting to receive wireless information from a given microphone module at the same time. These base stations then each relay the audio information or data they collect, sending it over a secondary stage of the network to a receiver hub. The secondary stage of the network is preferably based on either wired or wireless Ethernet connections established between each base station and the receiver hub. In the preferred embodiment, data packets are encoded based on the “Digital Audio through Ethernet” (DANTE) protocol (Layer 3 packets) or other network compatible format before transmitting (or broadcasting) them to the receiver hub. Other protocols using the Ethernet wiring and signaling components that do not rely on the Ethernet frame structure (Layer 1 protocols) that may also facilitate communication for the second stage of the network include: AES50, SuperMAC, HyperMAC, A-Net, AudioRail, RockNet or Hydra2. Furthermore, other protocols relying on standard Ethernet packets (Layer 2) may include: AES51, AVB, Ethersound, REAC, SoundGrid, or dSnake. Finally, other audio over Ethernet protocols based on network layer packets (Layer 3) may include: UDP data packets, AES67, AVB, NetJack, RAVENNA, Livewire, Q-Lan or WheatNet-IP. Any of these can suffice for communication in the second stage of the communications network provided each base-station is equipped for the encoding and transmission (or broadcast) of data and the receiver hub is equipped for the decoding and reception of incoming audio data. The receiver hub collects and analyzes information received from each base station to construct the best possible representation of information (audio waveform) originally detected and sent by the microphone module. The resultant audio information or constructed waveform is supplied to one or more endpoints. 
         [0006]    In some embodiments, operations performed by the receiver hub may include dynamically selecting audio data sent by the base station that has the lowest error rate in its decoded audio signal. In other embodiments, it may select decoded information received by the base station reporting the highest signal strength from the microphone module. In yet other embodiments, the decoded information from multiple base stations may be blended together with decoded information from multiple base stations to produce a decoded signal that is a higher quality than what would otherwise be possible from audio data received from a single base station. Based on this, the receiver hub reconstructs and outputs a waveform or data representing of the original audio waveform. 
         [0007]    This resultant output from the receiver hub may then be recorded, broadcast, mixed with other audio sources and/or played back to listeners via headphone or loudspeaker arrangement. In some embodiments, the microphone modules themselves will encode audio waveform data for reduced bandwidth requirements. In these cases, the step of decoding the data for the actual audio waveform (audio PCM data) may be performed at either each base station, the receiver hub or at a later time if this data is to be recorded. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]      FIG. 1  is a simplified diagram of a wireless microphone system with a two-stage network configured in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, where the second stage is based on a star topology. 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  is an example embodiment of the invention including two microphone modules where the second stage of the network is based on a linear or ring (also often referred to as a “daisy chain”) topology. 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram showing select steps that may be taken by a digital microphone module in transmitting audio data according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram showing select steps that may be taken for a base station receiving wireless audio data from the microphone module, processing that data and forwarding it to a receiver hub according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
           [0012]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram showing select steps that may be taken for receiving, audio data from each base station by a receiver hub and processing that data before forwarding it to be recorded, broadcast or played back according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0013]      FIG. 1  shows a wireless microphone system  100  constructed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention. In this disclosure, the term “audio waveform” refers to physical acoustic sound or vibration present at a given location that is desired to be captured via a wireless microphone. As shown in  FIG. 1 , a microphone module  101  includes at least one microphone element  114  for sensing an audio waveform and a microphone transmitter  102  that contains suitable electronics and an antenna such that it is capable of wirelessly transmitting information or data from the microphone module  101 . Normally, the transmitted information would allow for characterization of or describing the audio waveform over time. 
         [0014]    For example, with a digital wireless microphone, the microphone module  101  may convert the audio waveform to an electrical waveform and digitize it using an analog to digital converter (ADC) at a given sample rate to create digital audio data. In some embodiments, data compression may be used for reducing the data rate required for transmission of the audio data. 
         [0015]    In the case of a an analog wireless microphone, the microphone module  101  may amplify and condition the audio waveform into an electrical analog signal that will also be referred as audio data in this disclosure. 
         [0016]    Resultant audio data can be used as a basis for frequency modulating a carrier provided to the microphone transmitter  102 . The modulation used for transmitting wireless audio data from the microphone module  101  may rely on FM, PSK, BPSK, QPSK, OFDM, etc. and/or spread-spectrum techniques. Other elements not shown that may be part of the design for the microphone module  101  include a housing for structural support, various circuits, power supplies, batteries, adapters, clips, amplifiers, companders, limiters, signal conditioners or filters, analog to digital converters, communications circuits, modulators, antennas, FPGAs, microprocessors, digital signal processors and/or software for configuration, control and operation of the microphone module  101  that will be apparent to one skilled in the art. 
         [0017]    A series of base stations ( 103 A,  103 B . . .  103 N) placed in the general vicinity of the microphone module  101  attempts to receive wireless audio data being transmitted by the microphone module  101 . Each base station includes or is coupled with a base station receiver. Specifically, a first base-station  103 A is coupled with a first base station receiver  104 A, a second base station  103 B is coupled with a second base station receiver  104 B through an N th  base-station  103 N that is coupled with an N th  base station receiver  104 N. Each base-station receiver,  104 A,  104 B through  104 N, includes an antenna and may be placed in the vicinity of the microphone transmitter  102  (or location where it is expected to be near at some point in time depending on the anticipated movement or location of the microphone module  101 ). Each base-station receiver,  104 A,  104 B through  104 N, attempts to wirelessly detect the RF signal modulated by audio data, demodulate it and retrieve the original audio data or waveform that was transmitted from the microphone module  101  by its microphone transmitter  102 . Each base station will also include the required internal electronics and/or software as needed to further process the received audio data or waveform and transmit it from an attached communications link,  109 A,  109 B through  109 N, as later described in this disclosure. In some embodiments, a base station receiver may be integrated into the same unit as its corresponding base-station. In other embodiments, a base station may be packaged separately from (although still connected to) its base-station receiver. Similarly, a microphone module  101  may be integrated with its transmitter  102  in the same package, or they may be packaged separately, (although still connected). While a total of N base stations are indicated by the diagram, in some embodiments, only two base stations (N=2) or three (N=3) may be required. In general, the invention may be flexible in how many base stations are used. In the art, wireless microphone systems that utilize multiple receiving base stations are often referred to as “diversity wireless receivers” or are referred to as having “diversity reception”. 
         [0018]    In  FIG. 1 , an electromagnetic pathway is drawn between each base station receiver,  104 A,  104 B through  104 N, and the microphone transmitter  102 . However, the ability for each base station to receive audio data from the microphone module  101  will in general depend on the position of the microphone transmitter  102  relative to the placement of each base station receiver  104 A,  104 B through  104 N. For example, if the microphone transmitter  102  is placed closer to the first base station  104 A receiver and further from second base station  104 B receiver, the first base station receiver  104 A may have an advantage in receiving a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at its antenna than for the second base station receiver  104 B. Accordingly, in the case of a digital wireless transmission of audio data from the microphone transmitter  102 , the first base station  103 A may be able to accept a higher rate of data transmission and/or achieve a lower error rate in receiving audio data from the microphone module  101  than for the second base station  103 B. In the case of an analog wireless transmission of audio data from the microphone transmitter  102 , the first base station  103 A may be able to provide a higher SNR for the received audio data than for the second base station  103 B. 
         [0019]    In contrast, if at a later time, the microphone transmitter  102  is moved to a position closer to the second base station receiver  104 B than for the first base station receiver  104 A, the second base station receiver  104 B may have an advantage in receiving a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at its antenna than for the first base station receiver  104 A. Accordingly, in the case of a digital wireless transmission of audio data from the microphone transmitter  102 , the second base station  103 B may be able to accept a higher rate of data transmission and/or achieve a lower error rate in receiving audio data from the microphone module  101  than for the first base station  103 A. In the case of an analog wireless transmission of audio data from the microphone transmitter  102 , the second base station  103 B may be able to provide a higher SNR for received audio data (waveform) than for the first base station  103 A. 
         [0020]    In general, the SNR with respect to data transmitted by the microphone transmitter  102  will vary from one base station receiver to another. While the SNR will depend on the distance between each base station receiver and the microphone transmitter  102 , it may also depend on electromagnetic interference caused by other objects or obstructions, the position, spectral content and strength of other electromagnetic noise/interference sources, and line of sight between the base-station receiver in question and the microphone transmitter  102 . In some embodiments, the base stations and their receivers themselves may not be identical. In these cases, the received SNR or transmission error rate may also depend on differences between the antenna and/or amplifiers or other electronics used within each base-station and its receiver. 
         [0021]    In some embodiments, the location of the microphone module  101  (and often, the microphone transmitter  102  integrated with or connected to it) may be fixed. For example, it may be mounted on a microphone stand in front of a performer. In other embodiments, the microphone transmitter  102  may be moving. For example, it may be carried by a performer in a live theatre setting. In general, knowing which base-station receiver,  104 A,  104 B through  104 N will provide the highest SNR or most reliable data communication link to the microphone transmitter  102  is very difficult to determine. This depends on a myriad of factors going beyond the simple location of either the microphone transmitter  102  or any of the base-station receivers,  104 A,  104 B through  104 N. Furthermore, in many settings, the index (for example, indexing the first base-station  104 A as “A”, the second base-station  104 B as “B” and so on to index the N th  base-station  104 N as “N”) for the base station receiver provided the best reception may rapidly change over time. For example, performers, theatre/stage equipment/props, microphone modules (and their transmitters) and interference sources may move about and in some cases, even the location of the base stations and their receivers may change. 
         [0022]    Additionally, the occurrence of errors in the reception of transmitted audio data are statistical in nature with the exact timing and number of errors for digital transmission of audio data or details of noise induced for transmission of analog audio data impossible to predict with respect to each base-station. For example, even if the microphone transmitter  102  is much closer to the first base station receiver  104 A and provides it with a higher SNR than for the second base station receiver  104 B, there still may be instances or periods of time when digital transmission errors occur for reception of data at the first-base station  103 A, while data is properly received by the second base-station  103 B. As another example, if an interference source is placed much closer to the first base station receiver  104 A than for the second base station receiver  104 B, the SNR for reception at the first base station receiver  104 A may be worse than for the second base station receiver  104 B, even if the second base station receiver is farther from the microphone transmitter  102  and presents a lower overall wireless signal level. 
         [0023]    Previous approaches that assign one base-station receiver or another to receive wireless audio data from the microphone transmitter  102  suffer from the fact that when errors or noise occur for the selected base-station, there may be others that could have otherwise more accurately received the audio data. In the case of digital wireless transmission, this would imply a lower error rate or error free transmission and in the case of analog wireless transmission, providing it with a lower noise level. 
         [0024]    The invention overcomes the important problem of knowing which base-station is best suited for receiving audio data by having multiple (or in the preferred embodiment, all) base stations continuously receiving data from the microphone transmitter  102  and continuously forwarding this data to a receiver hub  105 , which retains access to all available information over time. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the base stations may incorporate a receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) providing a measure of the power present in their received radio signals and also transmit up to date information regarding received signal levels to the receiver hub  105  over time. 
         [0025]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the first base station  103 A is provided with a secondary communications link  109 A to a receiver hub  105 . Similarly, the second base-station  103 B is provided with a secondary communications link  109 B to a receiver hub  105 . This continues for each additional base-station until the N th  base-station  103 N, being provided with a secondary communications link to the receiver hub  105 . The receiver hub  105  may contain a predetermined number of physical connections where the software/hardware present in the receive hub  105  will recognized the connection or absence of a base station connected to each corresponding port. 
         [0026]    As indicated in  FIG. 1 , the combination of the microphone transmitter  102 , and the collection of each path electromagnetically coupling it to each base-station and each base-station receiver can be considered as comprising the first stage  115  of a communications network. This is indicated by a dashed box is  115  surrounding these elements in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0027]    In contrast, the combination of each communications link,  109 A,  109 B through  109 N and receiver hub  105  can be considered as comprising a second stage  116  of a communication network. This is again indicated by a dashed box  116  surrounding these elements in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0028]    Base stations  103 A,  103 B through  103 N can be considered as bridging the two stages  115 ,  116  of the communications network, as they receive wireless audio data from their respective base-station receivers  104 A,  104 B through  104 N and re-transmit or broadcast this information over the communications links,  109 A,  109 B through  109 N. The communications links  109 A,  109 B through  109 N may be either wired or wireless and in the preferred embodiment, based on an Ethernet connection. In these cases, base stations  103 A,  103 B through  103 N preferably further processes and reformat audio data received by their respective base-station receivers  104 A,  104 B through  104 N into a series of internet protocol (IP) packets (or layer  3  IP packets), where the data format is based on the “Digital Audio Network Through Ethernet” or DANTE protocol. 
         [0029]    Upon receiving the audio data re-transmitted from each base-station through the second stage  116  of the network, the receiver hub  105  may construct an audio output or data stream  117  representing the original audio data (or as close an approximation as possible) sent by the microphone module  101 . It may perform this by augmenting data segments selected from any base-station and in dependence on the ability of each base station to receive audio data (or a waveform) as a function of time. 
         [0030]    In some embodiments where data is digitally transmitted between a microphone module  101  and each base-station  103 A,  103 B through  103 N, the microphone module  101  may digitize the audio waveform received from the microphone element  114  and subsequently encode the data for a reduced data rate. It may furthermore encode the data utilizing an error correcting code. In some embodiments, encryption may be additionally applied. For these embodiments, the receiver hub  105  may construct an error free audio output or data stream  117  by decoding (and when required, decrypting) the received data and augmenting data segments where error correction is possible. Otherwise, in cases where no segments exist that are either error-free or would allow for complete error correction, the receiver hub  105  may select segments for audio output or data stream  117  construction that have the lowest error rate. In cases where error correction is not used but the data transmission format allows for error detection, the receiver hub  105  may construct the audio output or data stream  117  by augmenting data segments selected to have the lowest number of detected errors. The length of segments may range from a few micro-seconds to many seconds. 
         [0031]    In some embodiments, analog data transmission occurs between the microphone module  101  and each base-station  103 A,  103 B through  103 N. For example, the transmitter  102  of the microphone module  101  may transmit an audio signal based on an analog wideband FM signal occupying a transmission bandwidth of approximately 200 kHz over the first stage  115  of the network. In these cases, each base station  103 A,  103 B through  103 N may digitize, encode and forward the received signals with any noise artifacts over the second stage of the network  116  to the receiver hub  105 . The receiver hub  105  may then reconstruct a reduced noise or noise-free audio output or data stream  117  based on the combination of received (or streamed) segments of audio data (or waveform) extracted from the data packets. For example, it may simply select the signal corresponding to the base-station reporting the highest signal level. In some embodiments, it may blend the audio data on a basis of the signal strength reported from each base-station. For example, if two base stations are both receiving an analog signal based on a signal strength that is similar between them, the receiver hub  105  may construct an output based on an average between the two received audio signals. In some embodiments, the output may be formed based on a weighted sum of the audio waveform received or reconstructed from each base station where the weighting is dependent on the signal levels detected at each base station. Finally, embodiments are envisioned where if several base stations  103 A,  103 B through  103 N detect a good signal level, the output may be formed on a basis of outlier rejection. For example, if at a point in time, the waveforms from two of the base stations are reported as 0.5 and 0.52, while a third base station reports an audio waveform having a value of 1.5, this value would be rejected as being an outlier and the constructed output may be selected as the average of the remaining two values as being 0.51. In some embodiments, when several base stations are reporting receiving audio data, a median filter may at times, be advantageous. For example, applying this to the data from the previous example would yield an output value of 0.52. The method uses for constructing the output signal may also change or vary as a function of time in dependence on how many base stations are reporting successful receipt of audio data, the signal strengths and/or the statistical nature of errors and/or noise. 
         [0032]    The audio output data stream  117  from the receiver hub  105  may consist of either an analog audio output, digital audio PCM, compressed digital audio or other data stream representing the audio waveform or providing a means to reconstruct it. It is provided as an input to one or more end-points. Examples of end-points shown in the system  100  of  FIG. 1  include a mixer/recorder  106 , a broadcast network  107  or a playback device  108 . Other types of end-points can include virtually any device or system that could benefit from access to the audio output or data stream  117  and are envisioned within the scope of this disclosure. 
         [0033]      FIG. 2  shows a system  200  constructed in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the invention. In contrast to the system  100  of  FIG. 1 , the system of  FIG. 2  illustrates the use of multiple microphone modules  201 A and  201 B connected to respective transmitters  202 A and  202 B for wirelessly communicating audio data to three wireless receivers  204 A,  204 B and  204 C paired with base stations  203 A,  203 B and  203 C respectively. In a similar manner to the system  100  in  FIG. 1 , the transmitters  202 A and  202 B, their electromagnetic coupling to receivers  204 A,  204 B and  204 C and the receivers themselves may be construed as comprising the first stage  215  of a network. 
         [0034]    In the second stage  216  of the network, each of the three base stations  203 A,  203 B and  203 C may be serially linked (or “daisy chained”) for communication with the receiver hub  205 . In this topology, the third base station  203 C is linked by communication link  209 C to the second base station  203 B, that is linked by communications link  209 B to the first base station  203 A, that is linked by communications link  209 A to the receiver hub  205 . With this topology, each base station  203 A,  203 B,  203 C in addition to receiving wireless audio data and forwarding (or broadcasting) this data downstream to the next base station or receiver hub  205  must also forward audio data received by it from the upstream base station toward the downstream receiver hub  205 . 
         [0035]    In other embodiments, either two of more than three base stations may be serially connected from the receiver hub. In some embodiments, more than one daisy chain of serially connected base stations may emanate from the receiver hub  205 . Alternative embodiments envisioned in the scope of this disclosure include those where the network topology for the second stage  216  of the network may include any combination of communications links such that each base station  203 A,  203 B,  203 C has a pathway present whereby audio data received by it may be broadcasted such that it is forwarded along some path to the receiver hub  205 . The receiver hub  205  and its internal software/hardware may be configured to automatically detect the connection for each base station  203 A,  203 B,  203 C, including the addition or deletion of base stations, e.g. being added or removed from the end of the daisy chain. Furthermore, software/hardware present in each base station  203 A,  203 B,  203 C may be configured to automatically detect the addition or removal of a base station upstream from it and adjust the forwarding of data to the downstream base station or receiver hub  205  accordingly. Again, the the receiver hub  205  is Ethernet, while the preferred data format for broadcast is DANTE. With this design, an arbitrary number of base stations may be connected along each daisy chain emanating from the receiver hub  205 . 
         [0036]    Like in the system  100  of  FIG. 1 , each base station receives audio from microphone module  201 A via its microphone transmitter  202 A. However, each base station may also receive audio data from a second microphone module  201 B via its microphone transmitter  202 B. In other embodiments, more than two microphone modules may wirelessly transmit audio data to be received by the base station. 
         [0037]    In cases where multiple microphone modules  201 A,  201 B are wirelessly transmitting audio data to the base stations  203 A,  203 B,  203 C, each microphone module will need to be configured to transmit on its respective channel and each base station receive will need to be configured to receive wireless audio data on the corresponding channels. Furthermore, each microphone module  201 A,  201 B need not be identical for the application of this invention. As can be seen from  FIG. 2 , one microphone module  201 A is depicted as an integrated unit  214 A, while the other microphone module is depicted as being a lavalier type element  214 B with a connection  212  to a body pack transmitter  210  integrated with its microphone transmitter  202 B. In some embodiments, base stations may even be configured to receive multiple wireless transmission formats from different types of microphone modules, including mixing analog and digital microphone modules. 
         [0038]    Since the base stations  203 A,  203 B and  203 C are receiving multiple channels of wireless audio data, each channel of data is processed in the receiving base station separately with respect to its channel. Similar to the single microphone module system  100 , base stations  203 A,  203 B,  203 C in the multiple microphone module system  200  may each reformat the received data. In many cases, a DANTE compatible protocol may be preferable, although other IP or Ethernet protocols that support audio may also be used. Each base station  203 A,  203 B,  203 C broadcasts the resultant data through the second stage  216  of the network to the receiver hub  205 . Upon receiving this data, the receiver hub  205  may then process each channel independently, generating an audio output corresponding to each microphone module. As such, the resultant output audio or data stream  217  will be multichannel, containing one output channel or data stream to correspond to each microphone module. The details for processing the received audio for each channel may be similar to that for the single microphone module case. Like in the system  100  of  FIG. 1 , the system  200  of  FIG. 2  provides one or more of the reconstructed output or output data streams  217  to an end-point that may include the use of a mixer/recorder  206 , broadcast network  207  and/or playback devices  208 . 
         [0039]    The second stage  216  of the network may also be used for interfacing a user interface  219  for communicating command, control and configuration information to either the receiver hub  205  and/or base stations  203 A,  203 B,  203 C. This is particularly convenient when the second stage  216  of the network is based on and Ethernet connection. In these cases, the user interface  219 , is preferably based on a computer and supporting software can serve as an interface to users for embedding command, control and configuration information into (or broadcasting this information to) any selected device connected to the second stage  216  of the network. In alternative embodiments, other forms of a user interface may suffice, and these may include the use of smart phones, tablets or other custom embedded or handheld computing devices. The second stage  216  of the network also provides a communication path  218  for status information from either the receiver hub  205  or any base station  203 A,  203 B,  203 C to be sent back to the user interface  219 . In alternative embodiments, the communication path  218  may connect the user interface  219  to one of the base stations  203 A,  203 B,  203 C. 
         [0040]    In some embodiments, a desktop or laptop PC with supporting software may serve as a user interface  219 . In cases such as these or when a sufficient computing power is otherwise present in the user interface  219 , it may also assume the functions associated with the receiver hub  205 , essentially merging the operation of the user interface  219  and receiver hub  205  into a single unit. The user interface may itself also contain large amount of disk storage and also assume the role of being an end-point for recording, playback and/or mixing and in some embodiments may itself aid in the broadcast of the output data stream to other end-points. In some embodiments, the role of the receiver hub  205  and one of the base stations  203 A,  203 B or  203 C may be merged into a single unit. For purposes of this disclosure, the term “base station” may be extended to any computing device that has access to the audio data received by multiple base stations, as communicated over the second stage of the network. 
         [0041]      FIG. 3  illustrates a simplified block diagram showing select steps that may be taken by a digital microphone module in detecting a physical waveform and transmitting corresponding audio data across the first stage  115  of  FIG. 1  (or the first stage  215  of  FIG. 2 ) of the network according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
         [0042]    At step  310 , method  300  includes using a microphone element  114  (or  214 A and  214 B) for detecting a physical sound waveform and converting it to an analog electrical waveform. Other operations that may be included in this step include filtering and amplifying this signal and in the case of an analog wireless transmission, optionally companding or limiting. In the case of analog wireless transmission, the process proceeds to step  350 . Otherwise, in the case of digital wireless transmission, the process proceeds to step  320 . At this step  320 , the analog electrical waveform is processed by an analog to digital converter (ADC). Additional operations that may be included in this step include digitally filtering or limiting the digitized audio signal. The process then continue to optional step  330 . At step  330 , a software algorithm is applied to reduce the required bit rate for transmission of the digital audio data. Typically, a low-latency data compression algorithm is preferred having less than a few milliseconds of delay. The process continues to the next optional step  340  where depending on the desired data transmission rate, error correcting codes may be applied to the bit-stream to improve the robustness to wireless transmission errors. In other cases, redundant bits may be added to allow for error checking. Either error correcting codes or error checking will increase the required transmission data rate, depending on the complexity of the algorithm. The process then proceeds to step  350  where the digital data stream is converted into a modulated waveform suitable for RF transmission. The type of modulation may include FM, FSK, PSK, QPSK, frequency hopping, spread spectrum or other modulation techniques may be suitable. Other operations may include signal conditioning, filtering and amplification of the signal. The process then proceeds to step  360  where the modulated waveform is passed through an RF amplifier and applied to the antennal to convert it into an electromagnetic signal transmitted from the microphone module transmitter,  102  (or  202 A and  202 B). 
         [0043]      FIG. 4  illustrates a simplified block diagram showing select steps that may be taken by a base station ( 103 A,  103 B,  103 N or  203 A,  203 B,  203 C) in receiving audio data that is wirelessly transmitted across the first stage  115  (or  215 ) of the network and processing and reformatting the received data for transmission over the second stage  116  (or  216 ) of the network according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         [0044]    At step  410 , the method  400  includes the base station receiver  104 A,  104 B,  104 N (or  204 A,  204 B,  204 C) receiving the electromagnetic signal for any active channels (with each channel associated with a microphone module). Additional operations that may be included in step  410  are RF amplifying of the signal received from the antenna, filtering and signal conditioning. The process proceeds to step  420  where the received data is demodulated. If the wireless data is analog, the process proceeds to step  470  where the analog audio signal is converted through an ADC to a digital signal. Additional filtering and/or signal conditioning may be applied here. The process then proceeds to step  450 . Otherwise in the case of digital wireless audio being transmitted, the process proceeds to step  430 . If step  340  was not included in method  300  for the microphone module  101  (or  201 A and  201 B), the process proceeds to step  440 . Otherwise, the demodulated data is checked for errors and/or the presence of errors is detected. At this point, information may be gathered regarding the quality of signal and such information may be included with audio data subsequently forwarded to the receiver hub  105  (or  205 ). Upon reaching step  440 , if step  330  was not included in method  300 , the process forwards to step  450 . Otherwise, the data may be optionally decompressed, extracting the original (PCM) raw digital data that was produced by step  320  of method  300 . Upon reaching step  450 , data is encoded into packets preferably based on the DANTE protocol. Other data packets may be created that also contain information reported regarding the number and location of errors detected, wireless signal levels, noise levels and any other information the base stations can provided that may prove useful to the receiver hub  105 .  205 . The process then proceeds to step  460  where the data packets are transmitted (or broadcast) over the second stage  116  (or  216 ) of the network. 
         [0045]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram showing select steps that may be taken for receiving, audio data from each base station ( 103 A,  103 B,  103 N or  203 A,  203 B,  203 C) by a receiver hub  105  (or  205 ) and processing that data before forwarding it to an end-point according to an exemplary embodiment. 
         [0046]    At step  510  of method  500 , the receiver hub  105  (or  205 ) receives data forwarded by each base station ( 103 A,  103 B,  103 N or  203 A,  203 B,  203 C), preferably in the form of data packets compatible with the DANTE protocol and retrieves audio data and other information relating to signals, errors, error rates, noise or any other information forwarded by the base stations from it. The process proceeds to step  520 . At step  520 , for each channel of audio, where each microphone module  101  (or  201 A and  201 B) is assigned to a distinct channel, audio data is combined and/or selected as described previously in this disclosure in order to produce the most robust, the highest resolution and/or lowest noise level for each resultant audio output or data stream  117  (or  217 ). The process then proceeds to step  530  if required. In many cases, step  530  may be skipped. However, in some embodiments, the receiver hub  105  (or  205 ) may operate on data before it is fully decoded. For example, data may be encoded using a low delay audio compression technique for reducing bandwidth requirements of the wireless transmission. In some cases where digital transmission is used, it may be desirable to apply selection among data segments to produce an error-free (or reduced error) signal before attempting to decompress the audio signal. After steps  520  and  530  (if required), the process proceeds to step  540  where the resultant audio output or data stream ( 117  or  217 ) is provided, sent or broadcast to one or more end-points. 
         [0047]    The examples of the invention described above are directed to the operation of a two-stage diversity receiver for capturing an audio signal from one or more wireless microphones. Those skilled in the art will understand that a two-stage diversity receiver like that described above can also be used in other wireless applications where reliable live streaming of data is required. 
         [0048]      FIGS. 1-5  illustrate methods according to example embodiments. Although specific orders of steps or functions are suggested among these figures, these are by no means the only order that may prove suitable for realizing the embodiments disclosed here. For example, in many cases, two or more steps or functions may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence and/or in reverse order or omitted. Furthermore, many additional steps are implied, although not shown, to achieve the functions described here and as being evident to one skilled in the art, are considered part of this disclosure. Many variations will depend on the software and/or hardware systems chosen for a specific embodiment. Upon reading this disclosure, these and other variations will become evident to one skilled in the art and are to be considered as suggested and envisioned within the scope of the disclosure. Furthermore, the word “exemplary” as used throughout this disclosure refers to the meanings: serving as an example, instance or illustration. The embodiments and designs being referred to as “exemplary” in this disclosure are not to be construed as necessarily required, preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs.