Abstract:
A compact optical lens barrel mechanism for relativenonrotational displacement of a series of lens elements forming an optical system is provided. Lens elements can be mounted for selective subdivision into operative lens groups for both focusing and introducing a variable soft focus condition. The barrel mechanism includes a mounting cylinder having appropriate linear alignment elements. A translational cylinder is rotatively journalled within the mounting cylinder. Three lens mounting members can be relatively movable and are designed to each carry a predetermined number of lens elements. The rear lens mounting member can be moved by the translational cylinder to provide a variable amount of spherical aberration to produce a soft focus condition. An exterior focusing ring and a soft focus condition ring can be rotatively mounted relative to the stationary mounting cylinder for linearly moving the respective mounting members.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a compact lens barrel mechanism suitable for an optical lens system having relatively shiftable lens groups and more particularly to a lens barrel mechanism for relatively shifting the lens group in a linear movement along the optical axis to accomplish two or more modes of operation. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     The prior art is quite familiar with various forms of lens barrel mechanism for mechanically shifting relative groups of lens. Quite frequently, the lens barrel mechanisms will rotate the lens groups in a spiral or helicoidal movement along the optical axis. As can be appreciated, lenses moved in this fashion must be carefully centered and aligned to maintain a correct position on the optical axis regardless of the relative movement. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,904,275 is of interest in showing a lens barrel mechanism for moving a front and rear lens group. 
     Additionally, it is known that a soft focus condition can improve certain pictures. 
     The prior art is still striving to optimize the design of lenses with the most compact lens barrel mechanism that is economically and physically capable of being utilized. The consumer market is demanding light and more compact lenses at commercially acceptable prices. Accordingly, there is still a need in the prior art to optimize a lens barrel mechanism within these parameters. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a compact lens barrel mechanism for a novel lens system having at least three separate lens groups. The first lens group need only be shifted relative to the second and third lens groups for varying the air space between the first and second lens group in a first mode of operation. The third lens group is required to be shifted at a different ratio from that of the first and second lens group in a second mode of operation. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a compact lens barrel mechanism which can provide the above mentioned shifting of the lens groups without any rotation of the lens groups about the optical axis. That is, it is desirable for the lens groups to linearly move along the optical axis without using the heretofore conventional rotation of the individual lens elements. Another advantage of the present invention is to simplify the diaphragm control and to prevent any disturbance of the mechanical connection of the diaphragm mechanism with the control mechanism located within the camera body. 
     Still another advantage of the present invention is to prevent any eccentric dislocation between the lens groups resulting from any relative rotation of the lens group during their movement along the optical axis. Finally, an additional advantage of the present invention is to permit the attachment of polarization filters and/or rectangular hoods to the first lens group and not to rotate them about the optical axis during the different modes of operation of the lens system. 
     The above advantages can be realized by providing a compact optical lens barrel mechanism to accommodate relatively shiftable lens groups including a fixed cylinder; a transitional cylinder journalled in the fixed cylinder for relative circulate movement, and a plurality of individual lens element mounting members having appropriate linear alignment elements for coacting with other appropriately positioned linear alignment elements within the lens barrel mechanism. Rotational means are provided to permit the selective movement of predetermined mounting members to provide both a focusing and soft focus mode of operation. 
     The objects and features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one example of a variable soft focus lens system that can be mounted in the lens barrel mechanism of the present invention; and 
     FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 are respective half cross-sectional views of an embodiment of the present invention shown in various operational modes. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the optical art to make and use the invention and sets forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor in carrying out his invention. Various modifications, however, will remain readily apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present invention have been defined herein specifically to provide a compact lens barrel mechanism that can be manufactured in a relatively economical manner. The illustrated embodiment of the present invention is specifically advantageous for use with a variable soft focus lens system such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,124,276 issued Nov. 7, 1978 for AN IMPROVED SOFT FOCUS LENS SYSTEM and assigned to the same assignee of the present invention. The disclosure of that application, although not essential for an understanding of the present invention, is hereby incorporated by reference to facilitate a greater understanding of the advantages of the present invention. 
     Referring to the schematic view of FIG. 1, a variable soft focus lens system of the type disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,124,276 is disclosed. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the lens system is divided into lens groups A and B with a variable air space dB separating them. Any variance of that air space dB, for example by widening or narrowing the air space will effect the amount of spherical aberration that is introduced into the final image, thus, the transmitted image can have only that amount of spherical aberration that is within the tolerances of a normal photographic condition to provide a sharp image or it can have any subjective amount of spherical aberration to provide a soft focus condition that is sometimes highly desirable in portrait and other photographs. 
     The lens group A is further divided into a pair of sub lens groups A1 and A2 having a variable air space dA separating them. This air space dA can be varied during a focusing mode of operation as will be described subsequently. To optimize the optical design, it is generally preferable that the subgroup A1 will include the diaphragm. 
     During a first mode of operation such as focusing, the subgroup A2 and the lens group B are maintained stationary while the subgroup A1 is shifted along the optical axis to thereby vary the width of the air space dA. 
     In the second mode of operation, a variable amount of spherical aberration can be introduced into the transmitted image by having the lens group A (with the air space dA maintained constant) and the lens group B moved at different ratios along the optical axis to thereby vary the air space dB. Both the lens groups A and B are moved in this mode of operation also to vary the air space dB to provide a compensation for any deviation of the image plane from the focal plane which would otherwise result from simply varying the air space dB. 
     Accordingly, by this movement of the lens groups A and B, the focus condition achieved by the setting of the air space dA is accurately maintained during the shifting from a normal sharp photographic condition to various soft focus conditions. As can be readily appreciated, soft focus photography is easily achieved in the above described lens system of FIG. 1. Since the lens system can be set into a normal sharp photography condition, the focusing operation can be achieved as easily as in the case of a normal lens system. After the focusing operation is completed, it is easy to shift from the normal photography condition to a desired soft focus condition without losing the focus condition desired. The lens system, accordingly, eliminates the problems generally associated with focusing for soft focus photography. 
     Referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in a cross-sectional view to advantageously disclose the relative movement of the lens group required in the soft focus condition lens system. In FIG. 2, a first lens group 1 includes a diaphragm while the second lens group 2 and third lens group 3 are simply shown symbolically and actually correspond to the subgroup A1, subgroup A2 and lens group B shown in FIG. 1. A first lens mounting member or lens barrel 4, mounts a predetermined number of lens elements and provides a helical formation or external thread 4a over a portion of its exterior peripheral surface. The lens barrel 4 includes a thick wall portion on its inner periphery to support a diaphragm support ring 15 and a diaphragm operator ring 15a which is rotatively mounted on the diaphragm support ring 15 in a marginal position. An annular lens holding portion 4d projecting rearward along the direction of the optical axis from the inner peripheral wall of the first lens barrel 4 includes an annular elongated opening 4b. The purpose of this opening 4b, is to permit a follower pin 20 to have access to the diaphragm operator ring 15a. Thus, the follower pin 20 can extend through an elongated opening 4b and can rotate the diaphragm operator ring 15a without interference. Although not shown in the drawing for purposes of simplicity, the diaphragm, as is conventionally known, is interposed between the diaphragm support ring 15 and the diaphragm operator ring 15a. The diaphragm is pivotally supported by one of the rings and associated with the other ring through a conventional pin-cam slot arrangement so that the diaphragm setting will be governed by the rotation of the follower pin. The lens retaining portion 4d of the first lens barrel 4, is actually manufactured independently of the barrel body 4 and joined during assembly. However, for ease of illustration in the drawing it is simply shown as a one piece member with the barrel body 4. 
     A second lens mounting member or lens barrel 5 is loosely fitted over a rear portion of the first lens group 4 and carries a second lens group 2 which is rigidly mounted on its interface. The second lens barrel 5 includes an annularly elongated opening 5e to permit the passage of the diaphragm follower pin 20. The inner peripheral face of the second lens barrel 5 is formed with a longitudinally extending linear slot 5d that is parallel with the optical axis. A follower key 13 is connected to and radially extends from the end face of the first lens barrel 4 to engage the linear slot 5d. This arrangement prevents the first lens barrel 4 and the second lens barrel 5, from any relative rotation while still permitting a linear displacement. The outer peripheral side face of the second lens barrel 5 includes an annular ring having both an external thread 5a and a longitudinally extending linear slot 5c extending parallel with the optical axis. A smaller diameter portion of the second lens barrel also carries an external thread 5b for interfacing with a focusing ring to be described subsequently. A third lens mounting member or third lens barrel 6 mounts a predetermined number of lens elements forming a third lens group 3. The third lens barrel 6 also includes an annularly elongated opening 6a to again permit the continued passage of the diaphragm follower pin 20 parallel to the optical axis. A single guide follower pin 18 is mounted on the outer periphery of the third lens barrel 6 to provide a sliding linear movement to the third lens barrel 6. 
     A stationary mounting cylinder 7 which forms part of the exterior housing is connected or connectable with a camera body (not shown). The mounting cylinder 7 includes a first and second linear alignment element. One of the linear alignment elements is a guide slot 7a extending along its inner peripheral wall. A soft focus control ring 11 and the diaphragm ring 12 are mounted on the exterior of the stationary cylinder 7 and are rotatable thereabout in appropriate grooves. An index ring 8 is secured to and forms part of the forward end of the stationary cylinder 7. It is connected to the stationary cylinder 7 by means of a rivet 22 and has a forward end of a thick wall formation 8a. A cantilevered key 14, which forms the second linear alignment element, is rigidly secured to the forward end formation 8a and extends parallel to the optical axis. The cantilevered key 14 engages the longitudinal linear slot 5c on the second lens barrel 5. This arrangement prevents relative rotation of the second lens barrel 5 with respect to the stationary cylinder 7 about the optical axis. 
     A translational or outer cylinder 9 is journalled within the stationary mounting cylinder 7 to provide only relative circulate movement. The cylinder 9 is positioned between the thick wall portion 8a and a shoulder or land portion 7b formed on the rear interface of the stationary cylinder 7. The cam like head opening 9b is cut into the inner peripheral wall and forms a helical slot. The follower guide pin 18 is mounted on the third lens barrel 6 and extends into and through the cam like opening 9b to engage the linear alignment slot 7a on the stationary cylinder 7. A forward inner face of the outer cylinder 9 has an internally threaded portion 9a that engages the externally threaded portion 5a of the second lens barrel 5 to form a helicoid. 
     Extending forward of and loosely fitted over the index ring 8 of the stationary cylinder 7 is a distance or focus adjusting ring 10. The inner face of this ring 10 has internal threads 10a and 10b. The internal thread 10a meshes with the external thread 4a of the first lens barrel 4 to form a first helicoid, while the internal thread 10b thereof is in mesh with the external thread 5b of the second lens barrel to form a second helicoid. The third helicoid is formed between the threaded portion 5a of the second lens barrel 5 and the internal threaded portion 9a of the outer cylinder 9. 
     A pin 19 having a head fitted into a round hole or axially extending elongated slot formed in the inner periphery of the soft focus control ring 11 extends through an annular slot formed in the stationary cylinder 7 and threadingly fits into the threaded slot 9c formed in the outer cylinder 9. Accordingly, the control ring 11 and the outer cylinder 9 will rotate as one unit. A lever 16 extends parallel to the optical axis and engages the diaphragm associated pin to form a diaphragm control lever. The lever 16 is in turn connected to a ring 17 which is also connected to a pin 21 extending beyond the rear surface of the stationary cylinder 7. The pin 21 is designed to extend into the inside of the camera body thus forming an automatic diaphragm linkage that is adapted to rotate the diaphragm support ring 15 to any desired predetermined opening. As can be appreciated, the mounting of the lens mounting members for linear movement plus the provision of appropriate openings permits the operation of the diaphragm without any interference. 
     The following description is directed to the modes of operation of the mechanism of the present invention. To facilitate a better understanding of the invention, it is convenient to start with a mode of operation in which the distance adjusting ring 10 is rotated for the purposes of focusing relative to the initial condition disclosed in the illustration of FIG. 2. Accordingly, reference is made to both FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. 
     Since the second lens barrel 5 is prevented from rotation about the optical axis by the engagement of the linear slot 5c and the key 14, the distance adjusting ring 10 is displaced in the direction of the optical axis as it is rotated. This displacement is governed by the pitch of the second helicoid formed between threads 5b and 10b. The first lens barrel 4, however, is also precluded from rotation about the optical axis by the linear slot 5b in the key 13. Therefore, as a result of the coaction of the helicoid formed by the threads 4a and 10a, the first lens barrel 4 will be shifted forward and in the direction of the optical axis as a result of the rotation of the distance adjusting ring 10. Thus, with reference to the stationary cylinder 7, the first lens barrel 4 is shifted without being accompanied by any rotation. The movement or shift is according to the composite pitch of the first and second helicoids and will result in a displacement of the lens elements from the condition illustrated in FIG. 2 to the condition shown in FIG. 3. This shifting movement will adjust the air space between the first lens group 1 and the second lens group 2, thereby permitting optimum focusing from infinity to a relatively close distance. Since the rotation of the distance adjusting ring 10 has no influence whatsoever upon the second lens barrel 5 and the third lens barrel 6, these lens barrels will remain stationary. 
     Assuming that the proper focus has been reached and the photographer desires to introduce a soft focus condition, he will then rotate the soft focus control ring 11. For purposes of description, it will be assumed that FIG. 2 has provided the optimized focusing condition for normal photography. Reference is then made to FIG. 4 for comparison purposes. As the soft focus control ring 11 is rotated, it also rotates the translational or outer cylinder 9. The outer cylinder 9 translates this rotational force into a linear movement through the coaction of the cam like lead opening 9b formed in the outer cylinder 9 and the follower guide pin 18. This linear movement is achieved since the follower guide pin 18 is also journalled into the linear slot 7a formed in the stationary cylinder 7. Thus, the guide pin 18 will retract rearwardly and in parallel with the optical axis whereby the third lens barrel 6 will also be shifted rearwardly in the direction of the optical axis without any rotation. The second lens barrel 5 is precluded from any rotation as a result of the interface of the linear slot 5c in the key 14. Therefore, as a result of the action of the third helicoid 5a, 9a, the second lens barrel 5 will be shifted rearwardly along the optical axis. Since no relative movement takes place between the first helicoid elements 4a and 10a or between the second helicoid elements 5b and 10b, the distance adjusting ring and the first lens barrel 4 are shifted as a unit with the second barrel 5 rearwardly in the direction of the optical axis. As a result, the air space between the first lens group 1 and the second lens group 2 is held constant. 
     In the specific embodiments disclosed, the pitch of the lead opening 9b in the outer cylinder 9 is greater than the pitch of the third helicoid 5a, 9a and accordingly, the ratio of the rearward shift of the third lens barrel 6 is greater than that of the second lens barrel 5. The result is that the air space between the second lens group 2 and the third lens group 3 will be widened. It should be realized the pitch of the third helicoid 5a, 9a and the pitch or configuration of the lead opening 9b are also determined so that any compensation may be made for the deviation of the image plane from the focal plane due to a variation in the air space between the second lens group and the third lens group. 
     Thus, when the soft focus control ring 11 is rotated from the condition of FIG. 3, the third lens group 3 is shifted rearwardly by the action of the linear slot 7a and the cam like lead opening 9b. While the second lens group 2 is also shifted rearwardly by the action of the third helicoid 5a and 9a. Since there is no relative movement associated with the first helicoid 4a, 10a or the second helicoid 5b, 10b, the first lens group 1 is shifted as a unit with the second lens group 2 rearwardly with the air space between the first lens group 1 and second lens group 2, as shown in FIG. 3 being kept unchanged. 
     Accordingly, the first mode of operation for focusing and the second mode of operation for a soft focus control can be accomplished as described above. In both of the modes of operation the shifting of the respective lens groups are along the optical axis without any accompanying rotation. Therefore, any attachment mounts such as indicated at 4c may be suitably provided on the first lens barrel 4. Since the attachment mount 4c, thus provided, will not turn even when the first lens group 1 is shifted in the direction of the optical axis, it can accept any attachment wherein rotation would be objectionable such as a polarization filter or a rectangular hood. Moreover, since each lens group is shifted in the direction of the optical axis without any rotation, any eccentric dislocation between these lens groups can be avoided. 
     It also should be appreciated that since the lens groups do not rotate that this simplifies the diaphragm control. Thus, as explained in connection with FIG. 2, the diameter of the diaphragm aperture is controlled by the follower pin 20, and the openings in the mounting lens barrels permit this follower pin to be activated without any interference. 
     As can be readily appreciated, it is possible to deviate from the above embodiment of the present invention and as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art, the invention is capable of many modifications and improvements within the scope and spirit thereof. Accordingly, it will be understood that the invention is not to be limited by the specific disclosed embodiment but only by the scope and spirit of the appended claims.