Abstract:
The invention relates to glass ceramics based on the lithium metasilicate system (Li 2 O.SiO 2  (Li 2 SiO 3 )), which are mechanically processible in a simple manner in an intermediate stage of the crystallization and, after complete crystallization, represent a high-strength, highly translucent and chemically stable glass ceramic.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This patent application is a continuation of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/880,894 filed Apr. 22, 2013, which is the U.S. national phase of International Application No. PCT/EP2011/003091, filed Jun. 22, 2011, which claims the benefit of German Patent Application No. 10 2010 050 275.8, filed Nov. 2, 2010, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The invention relates to glass ceramics based on the lithium metasilicate system (Li 2 O.SiO 2  (Li 2 SiO 3 )), which are mechanically processible in a simple manner in an intermediate stage of the crystallization and, after complete crystallization, represent a high-strength, highly translucent and chemically stable glass ceramic. 
         [0003]    In the lithium oxide-silicon dioxide system, lithium disilicate (Li 2 O.2SiO 2  (Li 2 Si 2 O 5 ))-glass ceramics are well known from the literature and several patents are based on this glass ceramic system. For example, in EP-B-536 479, self-glazed lithium disilicate glass ceramic objects are thus described for the production of tableware and, in EP-B-536 572, lithium disilicate glass ceramics which can be used by scattering a fine-particle coloured glass onto the surface thereof as cladding elements for building purposes, 
         [0004]    A main focus of the patented lithium disilicate glass ceramics resides in dental applications. The lithium disilicate system is very suitable here for the production of CAD/CAM-processible glass ceramics since the crystallization is effected here via the lithium metasilicate phase (see S. D. Stookey: “Chemical Machining of Photosensitive Glass”, Ind. Eng. Chem., 45, 115-118 (1993) and S. D. Stookey: “Photosensitively Opacifiable Glass” U.S. Pat. No. 2,684,911 (1954)). These lithium metasilicate glass ceramics have such low strengths in this intermediate stage that they can be readily processed by means of CAD/CAM (M.-P. Borom, A. M. Turkalo, R. H. Doremus: “Strength and Microstructure in Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 58, No. 9-10, 385-391 (1975) and M.-P. Borom, A. M. Turkalo, R. H. Doremus: “Verfahren zum Herstellen von Glaskeramiken” (Method for the production of glass ceramics) DE-A-24 51 121 (1974)). Only by the subsequent conversion to form lithium disilicate in a second crystallization stage are dental materials with high strengths achieved. 
         [0005]    This principle is exploited in order to produce firstly a glass ceramic, in a two-stage crystallization process, which glass ceramic can be readily processed mechanically, e.g. by means of CAD/CAM processes, and in order to process this subsequently in a second crystallization stage to form dental glass ceramic. This method is suitable in order to be able to use dental restorations according to the so-called chair-side method. In this method, an individually adapted crown/onlay/inlay is milled out of a glass ceramic block after the first crystallization stage by means of CAD/CAM, in the dental practice this is subjected to the second crystallization stage in a special oven and used directly in the first and only dentist&#39;s visit for the patient (DE 10 2005 028 637). An application by the dental technician in the pressing method or in mechanical processing with subsequent characterisation or individualisation whilst taking into account suitable paints or layer ceramics can also be effected. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    Starting herefrom, it was the object of the present invention to provide glass ceramics which have improved strength values and also improved translucence and chemical resistance. 
         [0007]    This object is achieved by the lithium silicate glasses or glass ceramics, the method for producing a dental restoration and shaped dental restoration described herein, and the advantageous developments thereof. Uses of the lithium silicate glasses or glass ceramics are also described. 
         [0008]    Within the scope of the present invention, glass compositions were developed in the basic system SiO 2 —Li 2 O—ZrO 2 , which have lithium metasilicate as only or as main crystal phase (&gt;50%). %). Hereby, zirconia acts as a stabilizer of the residual glassy phase and can be completely or partially replaced by oxides of Hafnium, Germanium, Cerium, Lanthanum, Yttrium, Titanium and zinc. 
         [0009]    Surprisingly, it was shown that lithium metasilicate glass ceramics which have excellent strength values, exceptional translucence and very good chemical resistances can be produced in this system. 
         [0010]    It was shown in addition that up to 20% by weight of ZrO 2  or other stabilizers can be incorporated in the glass without the structure being significantly influenced. Contrary to all expectations, the ZrO 2  or other stabilizers does not hereby crystallise as a separate crystal phase but remains completely or extensively in the amorphous residual glass phase. Because of the high proportion of ZrO 2  or other stabilizers, the mechanical and chemical resistances are hugely improved in this amorphous phase, which also leads to improved properties in the entire dental glass ceramic (crystal phase(s) and residual glass phase), such as for example final strength and acid solubility. 
         [0011]    The method is also suitable for a two-stage production process from the initial glass, a partial crystallization of the lithium metasilicate being effected in the first processing stage, which enables good CAD/CAM processing. In the second processing stage, an increase in the crystal phase proportion (primary lithium metasilicate) is effected, which leads to the high strength values. The most important cause of the surprisingly high strengths in the lithium metasilicate system is hereby ascribed to the high zirconium oxide or other stabilizers proportion (&gt;8 MA). 
         [0012]    High translucence is ensured via the low crystallite size in the glass ceramics. In addition, good chemical stability is ensured by the high zirconium oxide proportion in the glass phase and the enriched amount of SiO 2  in the residual glassy phase compared to lithiumdisilicate-glass-ceramics (Lithiumdisilicate=Lithiummetasilicate+SiO 2 ). 
         [0013]    According to the invention, lithium silicate glasses or glass ceramics with the following composition are provided: 
         [0014]    50 to 75 wt-% SiO 2 , 
         [0015]    10 to 25 wt-% Li 2 O, 
         [0016]    5 to 30 wt-% of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of the oxides of Zr, 
         [0017]    Hf, Ge, La, Y, Ce, Ti, Zn or its mixtures, 
         [0018]    0 to 8 wt-% K 2 O and/or Na 2 O, 
         [0019]    0 to 8 wt-% Al 2 O 3 , and 
         [0020]    0 to 15 wt-% additives. 
         [0021]    Preferably, the glasses or glass ceramics have the following composition: 
         [0022]    50 to 75 wt-% SiO 2 , 
         [0023]    10 to 25 wt-% Li 2 O, 
         [0024]    5 to 30 wt-% of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of ZrO 2  and/or 
         [0025]    HfO 2 , 
         [0026]    0 to 8 wt-% K 2 O and/or Na 2 O, 
         [0027]    0 to 8 wt-% Al 2 O 3 , and 
         [0028]    0 to 15 wt-% additives. 
         [0029]    More preferably, the glasses or glass ceramics have the following composition: 
         [0030]    50 to 70 wt-% SiO 2 , 
         [0031]    15 to 22 wt-% Li 2 O, 
         [0032]    8 to 20 wt-% of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of the oxides of Zr, 
         [0033]    Hf, Ge, La, Y, Ce, Ti, Zn or its mixtures, 
         [0034]    0.1 to 4 wt-% K 2 O and/or Na 2 O, 
         [0035]    0.1 to 4 wt-% Al 2 O 3 , and 
         [0036]    2 to 8 wt-% additives. 
         [0037]    In a preferred embodiment, the glasses or glass ceramics have the following composition: 
         [0038]    50 to 70 wt-% SiO 2 , 
         [0039]    15 to 22 wt-% Li 2 O, 
         [0040]    8 to 20 wt-% of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of ZrO 2  and/or 
         [0041]    HfO 2 , 
         [0042]    0.1 to 4 wt-% K 2 O and/or Na 2 O, 
         [0043]    0.1 to 4 wt-% Al 2 O 3 , and 
         [0044]    2 to 8 wt-% additives. 
         [0045]    In a further preferred embodiment, the glasses or glass ceramics have the following composition: 
         [0046]    50 to 64 wt-% SiO 2 , 
         [0047]    17 to 20 wt-% Li 2 O, 
         [0048]    8 to 20 wt-% of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of ZrO 2  and/or 
         [0049]    HfO 2 , 
         [0050]    1 to 3 wt-% K 2 O and/or Na 2 O, 
         [0051]    1 to 3 wt-% Al 2 O 3 , and 
         [0052]    4 to 6 wt-% additives. 
         [0053]    In a further preferred embodiment the glasses or glass ceramics have the following composition: 
         [0054]    55 to 64% by weight of SiO 2 , 
         [0055]    10 to 20% by weight of Li 2 O, 
         [0056]    8 to 20% by weight of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of ZrO 2 , 
         [0057]    HfO 2  or mixtures hereof, 
         [0058]    0 to 5% by weight of K 2 O and/or Na 2 O, 
         [0059]    0.1 to 5% by weight of Al 2 O 3  and also 0 to 10% by weight of additives. 
         [0060]    In a further preferred embodiment the glasses or glass ceramics have the following composition: 
         [0061]    55 to 60% by weight of SiO 2 , 
         [0062]    10 to 20% by weight of Li 2 O, 
         [0063]    8 to 20% by weight of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of ZrO 2 , 
         [0064]    HfO 2  or mixtures hereof, 
         [0065]    0 to 5% by weight of K 2 O and/or Na 2 O, 
         [0066]    0.1 to 5% by weight of Al 2 O 3  and also 0 to 10% by weight of additives. 
         [0067]    Furthermore, a glass or a glass ceramic with the following composition is preferred: 
         [0068]    55 to 64% by weight of SiO 2 , 
         [0069]    10 to 20% by weight of Li 2 O, 
         [0070]    10 to 20% by weight of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of ZrO 2 , 
         [0071]    HfO 2  or mixtures hereof, 
         [0072]    0 to 5% by weight of K 2 O and/or Na 2 O, 
         [0073]    0.1 to 5% by weight of Al 2 O 3  and also 
         [0074]    0 to 10% by weight of additives. 
         [0075]    A further preferred composition comprises 
         [0076]    55 to 60% by weight of SiO 2 , 
         [0077]    10 to 20% by weight of Li 2 O, 
         [0078]    10 to 20% by weight of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of ZrO 2 , 
         [0079]    HfO 2  or mixtures hereof, 
         [0080]    0 to 5% by weight of K 2 O and/or Na 2 O, 
         [0081]    0.1 to 5% by weight of Al 2 O 3  and also 
         [0082]    0 to 10% by weight of additives. 
         [0083]    The stabilizer is preferably ZrO 2  and/or HfO 2 . Preferably, the stabilizer is essentially present in an amorphous state. 
         [0084]    There may be contained as additives, components selected from the group consisting of nucleation agents, fluorescent agents, dyes, in particular glass-colouring oxides, coloured pigments and mixtures thereof, in the glass or in the glass ceramic. 
         [0085]    As for all glasses and glass-ceramics, some components have effects on several properties. For example, titania can act as nucleation and colouring agent. Most of the rare earth metal oxides show effects on colour and fluorescence. Some components can be simultaneously amorphous, incorporated in crystalline phases and build own crystalline phases. 
         [0086]    The nucleating agents are preferably selected from the group consisting of phosphorous oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, mixtures thereof, and noble metals, preferably in an amount of 1 to 10 wt-%, more preferably 2 to 8 wt-% and most preferably 4 to 8 wt-%. 
         [0087]    The fluorescent agents are preferably selected from the group consisting of oxides of bismuth, rare earth elements as neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, erbium, and europium, and mixtures thereof, preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt-%, more preferably 0.5 to 4 wt-% and most preferably 1 to 3 wt-%. 
         [0088]    The glass colouring oxides are preferably selected from the group of oxides of iron, titanium, cerium, copper, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, selenium, silver, indium, gold, vanadium, rare earth elements as neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, europium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, yttrium, and mixtures thereof, preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 6 wt-%, more preferably 0.5 to 5 wt-% and most preferably 1 to 4 wt-%. 
         [0089]    The coloured pigments can be doped spinels, which are comprised preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 6 wt-%, more preferably 0.5 to 5 wt-% and most preferably 1 to 4 wt-%. 
         [0090]    Further additives are preferably selected from the group consisting of boron oxide, phosphorus oxide, fluorine, sodium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, yttrium oxide, titanium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, lanthanum oxide and mixtures thereof, which are comprised preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt-%. 
         [0091]    According to the invention, a method for the above-described lithium silicate glasses or glass ceramics and a method for producing a dental restoration comprising the above-described lithium silicate glass or glass ceramic is likewise provided, wherein
       a) an glass is provided as starting material which comprises the components of the glass ceramic,   b) the glass is subjected to a first heat treatment for producing a glass ceramic which comprises lithium metasilicate as exclusive or main crystal phase,   c) the glass ceramic of b) is subjected to a second heat treatment, wherein further metasilicate is segregated from the glass phase. The lithium metasilicate is present as main crystal phase.       
 
         [0095]    The first heat treatment is thereby effected preferably at a temperature of 620° C. to 950° C. over a period of time of 1 to 200 minutes. It is particularly preferred to implement the first heat treatment at temperatures of 650° C. to 750° C. over a period of time of 10 to 60 minutes. 
         [0096]    The further crystallization of the lithium metasilicate takes place preferably at temperatures between 800° C. and 1,040° C. over a period of time of 5 to 200 minutes, particularly preferred between 800° C. and 870° C. over a period of time of 5 to 30 minutes. 
         [0097]    The lithium silicate glasses or glass ceramics according to the invention are used as dental material or as component of a dental material. 
         [0098]    According to the invention, a shaped dental product which comprises the previously-described lithium silicate glass or the lithium silicate glass ceramic is likewise provided. The shaped dental products are thereby present in particular in the form of an inlay, an onlay, a bridge, an abutment, a facing, a veneer, a facet, a crown, a partial crown, a framework or a coping. 
         [0099]    The lithium silicate glasses or glass ceramics with the following compositions are further aspects of the present invention: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Composition 1 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 2 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 64 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 3 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 55 to 60 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 4 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 15 to 22 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 5 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 17 to 20 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 6 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 8 to 20 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 7 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 10 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 8 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0.1 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 9 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 1 to 3 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 10 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0.1 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 11 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 1 to 3 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 12 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 1 to 10 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 13 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 2 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 14 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 4 to 6 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 15 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 1 to 10 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 16 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 2 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 7 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 17 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 50 to 75 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 4 to 6 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 9 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 18 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 55 to 64 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 1 to 10 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 19 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 55 to 64 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 15 to 22 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 1 to 10 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 20 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 55 to 64 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 17 to 20 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 1 to 10 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 21 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 55 to 64 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 8 to 20 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 1 to 10 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 22 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 55 to 64 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 8 to 15 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 1 to 10 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 23 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 55 to 64 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 5 to 30 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 1 to 10 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0.1 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 24 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 55 to 64 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 8 to 20 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 1 to 10 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 1 to 3 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 25 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 55 to 64 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 8 to 20 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 1 to 10 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0.1 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Composition 26 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 55 to 64 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 10 to 25 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 8 to 20 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 1 to 10 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 0 to 8 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 1 to 3 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                 additives 
                 0 to 5 
                 wt-% 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0100]    The subject according to the application is intended to be explained in more detail with reference to the subsequent figures and examples without restricting said subject to these variants. 
           [0101]      FIG. 1  is a Scanning Electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of a glass ceramic known from the prior art. 
           [0102]      FIG. 2  is a Scanning Electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of a glass ceramic according to the present invention. 
           [0103]      FIG. 3  is a Scanning Electron microscope (SEM) micrograph of a glass ceramic with a low content of stabilizer. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0104]    As can be seen from the figures, the glass ceramic according to the present invention shows much better results resulting in a higher translucency as the prior art glass ceramic of  FIG. 1 . 
         [0105]    The glass ceramic of  FIG. 3  has a lower amount of stabilizer (4 wt-%) and shows a number of white spots of the stabilizer (ZrO 2 ) which results opaque ceramic which is undesirable in the dental field. 
       Example 1 
       [0106]    In Table 1, compositions which are given by way of example are mentioned, from which high zirconium oxide-containing metasilicate glass ceramics can be produced for the dental field. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 (Data in % by weight) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 G1 
                 G2 
                 G3 
                 G4 
                 G5 
                 G6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 63.5 
                 63.5 
                 59.0 
                 59.0 
                 63.5 
                 63.5 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 12.9 
                 13.9 
                 18.0 
                 19.0 
                 12.9 
                 12.9 
               
               
                   
                 ZrO 2   
                 10.0 
                 9.0 
                 12.0 
                 12.0 
                 12.3 
                 11.0 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 4.7 
                 5.1 
                 4.5 
                 4.5 
                 3.9 
                 4.4 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 4.5 
                 4.5 
                 3.5 
                 3.5 
                 3.7 
                 4.2 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 4.4 
                 4.0 
                 3.0 
                 2.0 
                 3.6 
                 4.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0107]    The glasses were melted at 1,500° C. and poured into metal moulds to form blocks. The blocks were stress-relieved in the oven at 560° C. and cooled down slowly. For the various characterisation processes, the glass blocks were divided up and subjected to a first crystallization treatment. For this purpose, the glasses were stored for 10 to 120 minutes at 600° C. to 750° C. As a result of this, glass ceramics with strength values of 150 MPa to 220 MPa (measured according to DIN ISO 6872) were produced. Exclusively lithium metasilicate was hereby established as crystal phase. In this state, processing by means of CAD/CAM methods is possible very readily. 
         [0108]    With a second short crystallization at 800° C. to 950° C. for 3 to 15 minutes, the crystallization is continued and the result is an increase in strength from 300 MPa to 450 MPa (measured according to DIN ISO 6872). In addition to the lithium metasilicate phase, a zirconium oxide-containing subsidiary crystal phase can hereby be produced. Also a small conversion of lithium metasilicate into lithium disilicate is possible. The unambiguous main crystal phase remains the lithium metasilicate. 
         [0109]    In Table 2, the crystallization conditions of individual glasses and also the resulting crystal phases and strength values are displayed. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Glass 
                 G1 
                 G2 
                 G3 
                 G4 
                 G5 
                 G6 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 1. Crystallization 
                 680° C. 
                 700° C. 
                 690° 
                 620° C. 
                 680° C. 
                 700° C. 
               
               
                   
                 10 min 
                 40 min 
                 120 min 
                 120 min 
                 20 min 
                 20 min 
               
               
                 2. Crystallization 
                 820° C. 
                 850° C. 
                 870° C. 
                 880° C. 
                 830° C. 
                 830° C. 
               
               
                   
                 15 min 
                 10 min 
                 10 min 
                 8 min 
                 15 min 
                 10 min 
               
               
                 Crystal phases 
               
               
                 main phase 
                 Metasilicate 
                 Metasilicate 
                 Metasilicate 
                 Metasilicate 
                 Metasilicate 
                 Metasilicate 
               
               
                 (&gt;80%) 
               
               
                 subsidiary 
                 — 
                 — 
                 ZrO 2 - 
                 ZrO 2 - 
                 disilicate 
                 disilicate 
               
               
                 phase (&lt;20%) 
                   
                   
                 containing 
                 containing 
               
               
                 Translucence 
                 excellent 
                 excellent 
                 very good 
                 very good 
                 excellent 
                 excellent 
               
               
                 3-point bend- 
                 322 MPa 
                 418 MPa 
                 430 MPa 
                 323 MPa 
                 403 MPa 
                 402 MPa 
               
               
                 ing strength 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 2 
       [0110]    In Table 3, fixed compositions given by way of example for different stabilizer is mentioned, from which high stabilizer-containing metasilicate glass ceramics can be produced for the dental field. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 in % by weight 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 60.0 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 19.0 
               
               
                   
                 P 2 O 5   
                 6.0 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 CeO 2   
                 1.0 
               
               
                   
                 Stabilizer SX* 
                 10.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *SX represent compositions of the stabilizer S1 to S5 (s. table 4) 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0111]    Table 4 shows stabilizers used by way of example for dental applications with the composition of table 1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Stabilizers SX 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 S1 
                 Zirconium oxide: 10% 
               
               
                 S2 
                 Germanium oxide: 10% 
               
               
                 S3 
                 Lanthanum oxide: 10% 
               
               
                 S4 
                 Yttrium oxide: 10% 
               
               
                 S5 
                 Zirconium oxide: 6% 
               
               
                   
                 Titanium oxide: 4% 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0112]    The glasses were melted at 1,500° C. and poured into metal moulds to form blocks. The blocks were stress-relieved in the oven at 560° C. and cooled down slowly. For the various characterisation processes, the glass blocks were divided up and subjected to a first crystallization treatment. For this purpose, the glasses were stored for 10 to 120 minutes at 600° C. to 750° C. As a result of this, glass ceramics with strength values of 150 MPa to 220 MPa were produced. Exclusively lithium metasilicate was hereby established as crystal phase. In this state, processing by means of CAD/CAM methods is possible very readily. 
         [0113]    With a second short crystallization at 800° C. to 950° C. for 3 to 15 minutes, the crystallization is continued and the result is an increase in strength from 300 MPa to 450 MPa. In addition to the lithium metasilicate phase, a zirconium oxide-containing subsidiary crystal phase can hereby be produced. Also a small conversion of lithium metasilicate into lithium disilicate is possible. The unambiguous main crystal phase remains the lithium metasilicate. 
         [0114]    In Table 5, the crystallization conditions of individual glasses and also the resulting crystal phases and strength values are shown for different stabilizers. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 S1 
                 S2 
                 S3 
                 S4 
                 S5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Crystallization 1 
                 620° C./60 min 
                 540° C./60 min 
                 615° C./60 min 
                 620° C./60 min 
                 620° C./60 min 
               
               
                 Crystallization 2 
                 850° C./8 min 
                 820° C./8 min 
                 800° C./8 min 
                 820° C./8 min 
                 820° C./8 min 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Crystal 
                 Li-metasilicate, 
               
               
                 phases 
                 (Li-disilicate, Li-phosphate) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Trans- 
                 excellent 
                 very good 
                 very good 
                 excellent 
                 Good 
               
               
                 lucency 
               
               
                 3-point- 
                 418 MPa 
                 341 MPa 
                 325 MPa 
                 363 MPa 
                 358 MPa 
               
               
                 bending strength