Abstract:
An apparatus includes a controller for enabling replicating of media content from encoded content received, and a recorder responsive to the controller for recording content on media readable by a device other than said recorder.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority of PCT Application PCT/US2006/013732, entitled DVD REPLICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD, filed 12 Apr. 2006, which in turn claims priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/725614, entitled IN-STORE/IN-HOME DVD REPLICATION (a.k.a DOWNLOADABLE DVD, filed Oct. 11, 2005, which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention generally relates to digital video recording devices and more particularly to systems and methods for downloading audio or video content in a secured way for in-home, in-store and factory replication of video content, including the security features used in read only memory storage devices and media. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The motion picture and retail industry seeks a secure way of producing DVD-Video discs on-demand from DVD-Video content that is stored on a local server or delivered from a central storage server through high speed private networks. This would permit the availability of thousands DVD-Video titles from a deep catalog of movies that normally could not be easily inventoried in a retail or online store environment. The in-home solution allows for studios to sell content that is delivered and recorded to DVD in a secure manner. 
         [0004]    Even though Content Scrambling System CSS has been marginalized, studio customers require the inclusion of CSS to be able to enforce prosecution of illegal copying of movie content through the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). 
         [0005]    Additionally, CSS keys that are provided by the CSS Licensing Authority can only be provided to licensed DVD disc replicators, DVD drive manufacturers and DVD authoring/compression facilities, content providers and production tool suppliers. Retail establishments, content providers and consumers are disallowed from having access to the CSS keys provided by the DVD CCA (Copy Control Association). 
         [0006]    Approaches to be able to include CSS copy protection on video content recorded to recordable DVD media have been proposed. These approaches require retailers and recording hardware to manage CSS Disc and Title keys either directly or through receipt over a network and for the recordable media to have the CSS Disc keys securely embedded in proprietary recordable DVD disc media. This would require amendment to the CSS specification and license agreement, which would have to be proposed to and approved by the DVD Copy Control Association (CCA) Copy Protection Advisory Council (CPAC). This committee is comprised of rights holders, consumer electronics companies and computer manufacturers. Having such changes approved is difficult and very unlikely. These other approaches also require complex/costly hardware/software applications. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    An apparatus includes a controller for enabling replicating of media content from encoded content received, and a recorder responsive to the controller for recording content on media readable by a device other than said recorder. 
         [0008]    A method for replicating protected content includes receiving ( 54 ) a data stream of encoded content, providing ( 92 ) selections and a media ( 72 ) for creating a read only media with selected content, and recording ( 95 ) on the media the encoded content such that the media is readable. 
         [0009]    An apparatus for replicating protected content includes a media recorder ( 94 ) for recording encoded content received onto media readable by a device other than the media recorder, the encoded content being received by the recorder with one of Content Scrambling System (CSS) copy protection encryption ( 24 ,  30 ) and Advanced Access Content System (AACS) copy protection which provides copy protection encryption to a data stream of the encoded content without a need for access to encryption keys. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0010]    The advantages, nature, and various additional features of the invention will appear more fully upon consideration of the illustrative embodiments now to be described in detail in connection with accompanying drawings wherein: 
           [0011]      FIG. 1  is a block/flow diagram of an exemplary system/method for replicating media objects (e.g., DVD&#39;s) from a retail establishment in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  is block/flow diagram of an exemplary system/method for replicating media objects (e.g., DVD&#39;s) from a home or consumer location in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  is block/flow diagram showing an exemplary comparison between a standard DVD manufacture process and a system/method for replicating media objects (e.g., DVD&#39;s) in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0014]      FIG. 4  is a block/flow diagram of an exemplary system/method for replicating media objects (e.g., DVD&#39;s) in accordance with a fully preprocessed embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
       [0015]    It should be understood that the drawings are for purposes of illustrating the concepts of the invention and are not necessarily the only possible configuration for illustrating the invention. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0016]    Methods and systems are provided to permit secure in-store (retail and Internet), in-factory and in-home creation of backward and forward compatible DVD-Video content recorded to “recordable pre-recorded DVD” discs that include the specification standard Content Scrambling System (CSS) copy protection encryption. The present invention bypasses the need for retailers or consumers to have access to CSS keys and permits the creation of a disc that is identical to a standard replicated DVD-Video disc. The CSS encryption along with other security and formatting is performed in advance. 
         [0017]    Advantageously, the resultant disc that is provided to a consumer is identical to a DVD-Video Read Only Disc in formatting, logical structure, encoding, readout characteristics and physical layout. The finished disc may be referred to hereinafter as a downloadable DVD (D-DVD) or disc. D-DVD will be employed for ease of reference and should not be construed as limiting. To the player/drive and to the consumer the disc appears exactly the same as a standard replicated disc, given the same DVD content and the disc cannot be further recorded and therefore is a DVD-Video Read-Only Disc. 
         [0018]    Aspects of the present invention reduce the complexity of disc formatting and recording processes by performing most pre-processing once in a central, secure and controlled environment. This greatly reduces the hardware complexity and greatly reduces the data processing requirements on the in-store, in-kiosk or in-home recorder system and electronics. In addition, embodiments of the present invention may be employed for small run/limited printings of DVDs or CDs. 
         [0019]    In one embodiment, a final Eight-to-Sixteen Modulation (EFM+) conversion, which can be simply performed in software or dedicated hardware, reduces the DVD bitstream data transfer and storage by 50%. The EFM+ process converts eight-bit data sequences to 16-bit data sequences. This conversion or encoding is finished at the location of the final replication to permit a level of security for the content. 
         [0020]    A proprietarily formatted recordable DVD disc may control disc usage rights in the proprietary downloadable DVD (or D-DVD) drives and standard DVD recorders. The authentication process permits for control and monitoring of title quantities produced. Disc serialization can track media usage and can be tied to titles. Individualized unique video and/or audio watermarking and embedded digital serialization can also be forensically utilized to deter and track unauthorized disc copying and pirating. 
         [0021]    The ability to use multiple optical pick-up heads for the high speed production of a disc is improved because the D-DVD bitstream is supplied to the DVD burner pre-processed and can be serially streamed in parallel to multiple write heads. Without preprocessed data in the D-DVD bitstream format, aspects of the present invention would be extremely difficult to realize because of the complexity, high computer processing unit (CPU) utilization and cost of having to fully process multiple data files in parallel. 
         [0022]    It is to be understood that the present invention is described in terms of a video recording system; however, the present invention is much broader and may include any digital multimedia system, which is capable of delivery over a network, from a kiosk or directly from a secured server or work station. In addition, the present invention is applicable to any recording method or media including recording data taken by telephone, set top boxes, computer, satellite links, etc. The present invention is described in terms of a digital video recording (DVD) device; however, the concepts of the present invention may be extended to other types of media, such as compact discs, high definition digital versatile disc HD DVD, high definition optical disc process Blu-ray, hybrids thereof, etc. 
         [0023]    It should be further understood that the elements shown in the FIGS. may be implemented in various forms of hardware, software or combinations thereof. Preferably, these elements are implemented in a combination of hardware and software on one or more appropriately programmed general-purpose devices, which may include a processor, memory and input/output interfaces. 
         [0024]    Referring now in specific detail to the drawings in which like reference numerals identify similar or identical elements throughout the several views, and initially to  FIG. 1 , an in-store replication system  10  is illustratively shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. A content owner  12  provides content assets  14  (e.g., audio and video assets, which may include movies, songs, programs or any other protected material). Content owner  12  prepares audio, video, navigation flowcharts, graphics and other ancillary information that is to be included in a final downloadable DVD (D-DVD) and transfers this information to compression and authoring facility  16 . 
         [0025]    The assets  14  are employed by a compression and authoring (C&amp;A) facility  16 . C&amp;A facility  16  employs compression and authoring tools  18  to encode, compress, format and edit the content in a form which can be employed by features of the present invention. The authoring and compression facility  16  performs compression of audio and video. Menus, subtitles and other ancillary information are configured for DVD and final navigational programming is performed. Optional anti-copy or anti-rip programming  20  is added to content and final file set prepared for delivery to D-DVD processing center  22 . 
         [0026]    The content from the C&amp;A facility  16  is provided to processing center  22 . Processing center  22  may also be referred to as a D-DVD bitstream mastering center, which may include replicator (manufacturer), an authoring facility or content provider. Partial DVD formatting pre-processing is provided at processing center  22 , which is preferably located at a central location (not necessarily at the store location, but at a local server on a network (e.g., cable, telephone, satellite, etc.) or on the Internet). The processing center  22  performs many formatting and preprocessing steps to ensure compliance with existing standards and provide a level of security that is satisfactory to the content owner. For example, Content Scrambling System (CSS) is desired by studio customers to be able to enforce prosecution of illegal copying of movie content through the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), and is therefore included by CSS key management  24 . CSS encryption  28  follows the CSS encryption standards and limits access of the encrypted keys to only those licensed or authorized to receive and use such keys. 
         [0027]    The content is received at the D-DVD processing center  22 . The processing center  22  may be a DVD replication, compression and authoring facility or other facility that is licensed to perform Content Scrambling System (CSS) copy protection encryption. The following takes place in the processing center. As with normal replication processing, processing center  22  using CSS key management  24  chooses CSS Disc Keys for delivery to DVD CCA  25  for encryption in block  28  using a master key or keys  26  and return the keys to processing center  22 . An encrypted disc key is used to encrypt a disc title key in block  30 . 
         [0028]    The DVD content delivered from the compression and authoring facility  16  may be processed for audio and/or video watermarking to further protect content for forensic protection in block  32 . The watermarking preprocessing  32  may be optionally performed. The processing can include a complete watermarking process or tagging for individualized watermarking at the D-DVD disc burning stage. This process differs from the conventional DVD replication process and is a new function. 
         [0029]    Sector addition and tagging for creation of zones that can be “Pulse Length Modulated” prior to the disc recording stage for individualized serialization of each disc produced is performed in block  34 . The final product will be “Pulse Length Serialized” in block  106  in accordance with the tagging performed in block  34 . The serialization is a machine readable unique number for the sector and/or for the recorded media object. This serialization can be used for tracking purposes, copy protection functions, Internet activation/marketing/data collection processes and other uses. 
         [0030]    Content or other data is then broken into sectors, the sectors (up to 50%) are CSS scrambled in block  34 , and DVD formatted. DVD Error Detection Codes (EDC) and Error Correction Codes (ECC) are then generated in block  36 . 
         [0031]    The normal DVD encoding process would now transform the eight bit data bytes into 16 bit words. This encoding process is not performed at this step to reduce the data file size and as an extra security function since these partially encoded/formatted DVD files are not directly usable to produce DVD-Video discs. Lead-In and Lead-Out information are then appended to the data or appended at the burning stage to reduce file size further (could be portions or all of the Lead-In/Out data). Bit stream formatting in block  38  is used to prepare the resultant stream into digital data structures that may be readily stored on a computer system (e.g., file formatting may be included as well). This represents a D-DVD-Bitstream. The DVD content formatting process is similar to that used in normal DVD-Video replication processes except for at least the following aspects: the audio and/or video watermarking, the “Pulse Length Serialized” sector creation and tagging, the elimination of the final eight-to-sixteen modulation process and the D-DVD Bitstream formatting process. Other modulation schemes are also contemplated and may be employed such as for HD DVD and Blue-ray. 
         [0032]    The D-DVD Bitstream is then transferred to a hard disc library  40  for storage. D-DVD Bitstream data files are then archived to suitable media for delivery to a centrally located package processing/server center (PPSC)  42 . The D-DVD Bitstream from block  40  may be packaged with disc and package artwork and encrypted for secure transmission and storage on either the in-store D-DVD Bitstream server  60  or in bitstream library  40  (or on the in-home PC hard disc, see  FIG. 2 ). 
         [0033]    The D-DVD Bitstream archived data files are delivered to the PPSC  42 . The PPSC  42  performs the following functions. The complete D-DVD Bitstream Packages are created in block  46  by adding disc label artwork, collateral material artwork and other package information. In block  48 , the D-DVD Bitstream Package is encrypted with suitable encryption software, stored for example, in the Bitstream Package Library server system  60  and archived to a suitable medium. The PPSC system  42  performs authentication and ancillary data management in block  50 , transaction control and transaction record management in block  52 , and in-store library “D-DVD Bitstream Package” management and package transfer in block  54 . 
         [0034]    For in-store replication (or in-factory or on-line retailer) in a store or retail environment  120 , a secure authenticated channel  56  high-speed connection is preferably utilized for “D-DVD Bitstream Package” file management. For “in-home replication” ( FIG. 2 ) the Internet or other network  57  is utilized for downloading of files to be burned to a D-DVD disc. 
         [0035]    The PPSC  42  also pre-loads servers  60  that are utilized for mass storage in the in-store D-DVD production systems in the retail environment with the appropriate Bitstream Library  62  prior to delivery to the retailer. 
         [0036]    A blank media  72  is produced by a recordable media manufacturer  74  in block  75 . The media  72  may be manufactured to a proprietary specification with the following characteristics. The disc  72  may be blank or produced using a proprietary wobbled pre-groove format or other format that is different than that used in industry standard DVD recordable media. The proprietary format would be used to identify this media as D-DVD media in a D-DVD recording drive. The D-DVD recording drive may be configured to be only capable of recording to the proprietary formatted media, and this media may not function on industry standard DVD burners such as those used in a personal computer (PC) or set top box DVD burners. A wobbled pre-groove may be encoded by frequency modulation or other methods to include disc authentication, lot number, store number and other information in block  76 . Other methods may be employed to embed information on these discs. Other identification/serialization information can be added to media by use of, e.g., Burst Cutting Area (BCA) or other means. The blank media  72  would permit a read only disc to be produced. 
         [0037]    An in-store environment  80  includes the following subsystems and performs the following functions. A transaction manager  82  houses a “Bitstream Package Library” server  60 , which performs inventory management in block  84 , incoming package receipt with package manager  86 , authentication and ancillary data management  88 , transaction control and transaction record management  90  and manages the secure authenticated channel  56  for communication with the PPSC  42 . Kiosks or terminals  92  are used for content search and transaction functionality or other user interface functions. 
         [0038]    A D-DVD disc burner/printer engine (DDBP)  94  is interfaced with the transaction manager  82 . The DDBP  94  includes the following subsystems and performs the following functions. The subsystems may include a PC  100  or other computer based control system, a D-DVD disc reading/recording drive  95  (which may be proprietary), a disc printing engine  96 , hardware subsystems and communication channels to the transaction manager  82 . A disc order is transferred to the DDBP  94  from kiosk  92  using transaction control  93  and disc media  72  is transferred to a disc drive  110 . The media  72  may be purchased in advance or provided at the time the content is ordered. This media  72  is then read, confirmed to be D-DVD media, authentication and serialization data is then read from the disc for transfer through an authentication/ancillary data management subsystem  97  to the transaction manager  82  for final authentication from the PPSC  42 . 
         [0039]    Upon authentication, the selected content (encrypted D-DVD Bitstream Package) is then transferred to the DDBP  94  for decryption in block  98  in software in the PC  100  or through dedicated hardware. The output is the “D-DVD Bitstream, watermarking tagging data, serialization tagging data, label artwork, and collateral material artwork. 
         [0040]    PC  100  and/or dedicated hardware/software reads watermark tagging data in block  102  and watermark selected sectors of the 50% of sectors that are not CSS encrypted. Dedicated hardware/software also reads serialization tagging data in block  106  that is used to uniquely identify sectors that are allocated for modification. The identified sectors can either be modified by selectively changing data content by shifting the timing of data transitions and thus disc pit edge locations on the disc, which result in differing data patterns that are recorded on the D-DVD disc. As an alternative, the entire sector data can be replaced with one including the desired data pattern. An alternative method may either be performed prior to or after the eight-to-sixteen modulation in block  104 . This data can be used to uniquely identify each disc (e.g., pulse length modulation) with a unique machine readable serial number or may also be used for additional cryptographic functions. 
         [0041]    Drive  110  then receives the fully processed “D-DVD Bitstream” and in a streaming mode records the data beginning at the start of Lead-In at the very beginning of the recordable zone and ending with the end of Lead-Out at the very end of the recordable zone on the disc. The recorded disc is then a pre-recorded disc with identical characteristics to that of a normally replicated DVD-Video Read Only Disc. This disc cannot be further recorded or altered. With equivalent input content a D-DVD Disc and a DVD-Video Read Only Disc would read and perform identically. Because this disc is identical in data content, logical structure, physical structure, electrical characteristics and CSS encryption to that of a DVD-Video Read Only Disc high probability of playability on DVD players and recorders is provided. 
         [0042]    After completion of recording, the disc may be verified or partially verified to ensure proper content and quality characteristics using blocks  95  and  97 . The disc is then transferred to the disc printing engine  96  for decoration. Collateral paperwork is then printed and the final product is assembled into a package for delivery to the consumer. 
         [0043]    Advantageously, in accordance with aspects of the present invention, a pre-processed stream of data content, with watermarking and encrypted with CSS is provided to a kiosk or in-store facility. Since the stream of data is preprocessed, there are fewer operations at the time a D-DVD is recorded to. This preprocessed data stream is protected in its preprocessed state by CSS encryption and any other security measure employed (e.g., watermarks, etc.). In addition, since the data stream has not yet been fully modulated to its final form, the stream is protected from use in stages prior to final replication. 
         [0044]    At the time of recording to media  72 , a modulation process (e.g., eight-to-sixteen bit modulation or other modulation schemes such as e.g., one-to-seven PP (Parity Preserved), eight-to-twelve and eight-to-fourteen modulation) is performed on the stream just before the stream is written to the media disc  72 . The data stream is then written directly to the media. 
         [0045]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , a system/method  200  for in-home DVD replication is illustratively shown. System  200  is conceptually similar to that of the in-store DVD replication embodiment described in  FIG. 1 , except that content is directly delivered through Internet, telephone, cable or satellite networks to a set top box or computer including similar decryption, watermarking (optional), serialization (optional), eight-to-sixteen conversion and the proprietary drive to record the D-DVD Bitstream data. This drive can be built into stand-alone Internet connected, cable or satellite set top boxes. Disc printing in block  96  is optional for the in-home embodiment. 
         [0046]    The in-home disc burner  94  receives the partially encoded data stream from the network  57  and computer or set top box  100  finishes the encoding, e.g., eight-to-sixteen modulation, etc. Prior to writing the fully encoded data stream to the media object  72 . 
         [0047]    In accordance with  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the final disc processing step of secure decryption  98  and Eight-to-Sixteen Modulation (EFM+)  94  is performed in the in-store or in-home recordable DVD drive on a partially encoded bit stream received by the burner or media recording device. Optionally, store specific and/or disc specific audio and/or video watermarking ( 102 ) and/or disc serialization ( 104 ) can be inserted into the Bitstream. The Bitstream is serially streamed from library  40  (or  62 ) and recorded to the recordable DVD media. The “D-DVD Bitstream” that is recorded on the in-store/in-kiosk/in-factory/in-home drives is/can be identical to the digital data bit stream that is recorded on an industry standard Pre-recorded DVD-Video discs that are produced in standard replication processes. Discs and collateral material can be printed and packaged similar to those produced in the standard replication process. Since the data stream may be similar to creating a glass master for DVD manufacture, the process in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure may permit the writing of discs for short runs or limited distribution media in a factory environment. 
         [0048]    Advantageously, the final disc has identical electrical, logical, CSS copy protection and physical characteristics as a standard replicated disc and therefore is playable on legacy and new DVD-Video players and PC DVD drives/decoder software. The process can be viewed as in-store replication or in-home replication of standard DVD-Video product. Proprietary recordable media may alternately be used that is custom formatted to include unique disc type identifiers, authentication data, store identification and lot number identification. Discs can be individually serialized through, e.g., Burst Cutting Area (BCA) or “Pulse Length Serialization” or other means to individually number each disc in a machine readable format. 
         [0049]    The recorder system includes ways to authenticate the media to be recorded in the D-DVD recorder and only D-DVD media can be used for in-store replication. Additionally the D-DVD media cannot be recorded to in a standard DVD recorder. The system may include a kiosk user interface or PC user interface and ways for transaction record keeping and reporting. 
         [0050]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , a comparison between a standard DVD manufacturing process and the inventive process is illustratively shown to demonstrate some of the aspects and advantages of the present invention. The standard process is includes in block  16  and  115 . In block  16 , a standard C&amp;A facility includes performing compression and authoring of content for a DVD. Block  115  shows the process steps performed within a licensed replication facility, which is licensed to manage CSS keys and to CSS encrypt content. A disc formatter  102  provides CSS key encryption and content scrambling in block  104  and DVD disc formatting in block  106 . Block  104  receives CSS key encryption information from block  25 . A fully CSS encrypted, DVD formatted and 8-16 bit modulated data stream is created ready to be employed to produce a glass master disc in a glass mastering block  108 . 
         [0051]    The glass mastering includes streaming the data to a glass master recorder in block  110  to create a pit pattern applied to a glass master copy of the DVD. Disc replication  112  is performed by replicating the glass master pattern in molds to produce DVDs by injection molding  114  for the mass production of DVDs. 
         [0052]    In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, instead of glass mastering  108 , bitstream mastering  122  is performed. Bitstream mastering  122  includes streaming data to a hard disc or other read/write memory in block  124 . The data stream is partially encoded but preprocessed to include CSS encryption, DVD formatting, but not yet eight-to-sixteen bit modulated. Note that blocks  102  and  122  remain in the replication facility which is CCA licensed to manage CSS keys and to CSS encrypt content. 
         [0053]    Disc replication  128  includes streaming data to D-DVD media in block  126 . During or just prior to this replication process, modulation or complete encoding is performed to finalize the data stream to be recorded on the DVD. The DVD media  132  may be a blank or specially fabricated or formatted disc produced by a D-DVD manufacturer  130 . The blank disc may be formatted as a read only disc for play only in accordance with standard guidelines, e.g., DVD read only bits are included in the recorded content. The read only disc will permit playing but not recording, and only permit decryption if used in a CSS enabled/authorized device. 
         [0054]    Referring to  FIG. 4  there is shown a block/flow diagram of an exemplary system/method for replicating media objects (e.g., DVD&#39;s) in accordance with a fully preprocessed embodiment of the present invention. Where DVD bitstream data transfer rates over the authenticated channel  56  are not a limiting concern the complete Eight-to-Sixteen Modulation (EFM+) conversion or encoding can be performed at the Bitstream formatting  38  process of the B2DVD bitstream mastering stage  22  This eliminates the need for any Eight-to-Sixteen Modulation conversion at the burner or media recording device  94 . The pulse length serialization  106  output is subjected to write signal conditioning  404  prior to disc reading, authentication and replication actions  95 . The resultant processing demand on the disc burner  94  is less than for the embodiments of  FIGS. 1 and 2  because the complete Eight-to-Sixteen Modulation encoding is completed in the signal received at the transaction manager stage  82  and no partial modulation is required by the disc burner  94 . 
         [0055]    Having described preferred embodiments for systems and methods for DVD replication (which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting), it is noted that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that changes may be made in the particular embodiments of the invention disclosed which are within the scope and spirit of the invention as outlined by the appended claims. Having thus described the invention with the details and particularity required by the patent laws, what is claimed and desired protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.