Abstract:
A fragrance composition comprising a low vapor pressure VOC and at least one low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compound, which reduces, or altogether completely obviates the use of HVPVOC solvents in fragrance compositions.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/717,078, filed Mar. 3, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,603,963, which claims the priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/157,181, filed Mar. 3, 2009, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties, and to both of which priority is claimed. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to fragrance compositions containing low vapor pressure VOC (volatile organic compound) solvents. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     A problem in the area of air care devices is the uncontrolled “distillation” of fragrance components of differing volatilities, resulting in a variable fragrance profile over time, as perceived by the consumer. The use of carriers or solvents in fragrances aids in the uniform distribution or evaporation of these fragrance components and leads to a more homogeneous fragrance profile. 
     Many materials are used as carriers in air care devices including glycol ethers, isoparaffinic solvents (e.g., Isopar® solvents commercially available from ExxonMobil) and various branched esters. One problem associated with these materials is that many are classified as VOCs (volatile organic compounds). VOC&#39;s are increasingly of environmental and regulatory concern. There is one class of VOCs, low vapor pressure VOC&#39;s (LVPVOCs), that are not as harmful to the atmosphere and are generally allowed under even the most stringent environmental regulations. This class of VOC has lower vapor pressure than regular VOCs as defined by standard definitions (e.g., &lt;0.1 mm Hg at 20° C.). 
     U.S. Published Application No. 2008/0308648 discloses, in the generic sense, fragrance compositions containing Dowanol DPMA for use in a non-electric, wick-type device. DPMA has not, heretofor, been widely used as a fragrance carrier in liquid electrical air freshener devices, if used at all. The low volatility of low vapor pressure VOCs, such as DPMA, presents unique challenges. The decreased vapor pressure changes the compositions&#39; perceived fragrance profile, as compared to the same fragrance composition used with a high vapor pressure VOC solvent (HVPVOC solvent). 
     There is a need for hedonically pleasing fragrance compositions that can be combined with low vapor pressure VOC solvents, such as dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate. For example, there is a need for fragrance compositions that can be combined with a low vapor pressure VOC carrier for use in a liquid electrical air freshener, such as a heated wick delivery system, a piezoelectrical spraying system, an electrospray device or a Venturi device. It is desired to provide fragrance compositions suitable for use in air fresheners that avoid the regulatory problems associated with many of the glycol ether compounds commonly found in liquid electrical air fresheners. It is also desired to provide compositions that include a low pressure VOC (e.g., DPMA) and a fragrance composition wherein the evaporation rate is regulated to within a predetermined period of time (e.g., 30 days, or 40 days, or 60 days), during which at least substantially all of the fragrance is effectively evaporated into the surrounding environment, preferably in a controlled fashion. 
     It is thus an object to provide compositions that include one or more low pressure VOC (e.g., DPMA) and one or more a fragrance components that are economical to produce and have good safety characteristics, including low toxicity and low flammability. 
     Another and related object of the invention is to provide fragrance compositions that include a low pressure VOC (e.g., DPMA) and a fragrance composition having a controllable evaporation rate and that are suitable for use in, for example, a wick type air fragrance dispenser (air freshener). More specifically, it is an object of the invention to provide a controllable evaporation rate and permit effective utilization of the fragrance in a liquid electrical air freshener dispenser. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The presently disclosed subject matter provides specifically designed fragrance components that can be used in combination with low vapor pressure VOCs (e.g., DPMA). Surprisingly, it has been found that the use of one or more low vapor pressure VOCs, particularly DPMA, and specially constructed fragrance components that include at least one low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compound can maintain the volatility so that the composition performs properly in a electrical liquid air freshener device. 
     One aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter provides a fragrance composition that includes a low vapor pressure VOC (e.g., dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate) and at least one low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compound. In one embodiment, the fragrance composition contains at least 10 wt %, or at least 15 wt %, or at least 20 wt %, or at least 30 wt % of VOC potentiator compounds, based on the total weight of the fragrance composition. In an alternative embodiment, the fragrance composition contains at least 10 wt %, or at least 20 wt % of the least one low vapor pressure VOC, based on the total weight of the fragrance composition. 
     In one embodiment, at least one low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compound present in the fragrance composition has a vapor pressure, at 25° C., of at least about 0.2 mmHg, or at least about 0.5 mmHg, or at least 1 mmHg, and/or a flash point from about 110° F. to about 200° F., or from about 130° F. to about 180° F. 
     In one embodiment, one or more VOC potentiator compound(s) are represented by the formula: 
                                
wherein
 
R is a C 1 -C 10  substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl group, or a C 4 -C 8  substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or aryl group; and
 
X is hydrogen, or a C 1 -C 5  unsubstituted alkyl group.
 
     In one embodiment, R is a C 4 -C 8  substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. In one embodiment, R is a C 6  substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. R can be substituted, for example, anywhere along the chain with one or more methyl groups. In one embodiment, X is H. In one embodiment, X is C 1 -C 3  unsubstituted alkyl group. 
     In one embodiment, the low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compound is selected from hexyl acetate, 3,3,5-trimethylhexyl acetate, bornyl formate, 3-hexenyl butyrate, phenyl ethyl acetal, butyl hexanoate, isononanol, acetone alcohol, isoprenyl acetate, isobutyl 2-pentanoate, amyl propionate, herbal dioxane, furfuryl formate, methyl acetyl acetone, and butyl acetoacetate. In one embodiment, the low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compound is selected from 3,3,5-trimethylhexyl acetate and hexyl acetate. 
     In one embodiment, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the fragrance composition, by weight, evaporates within 30 days, or 60 days, of being maintained at ambient conditions. Preferably, the fragrance composition evaporates in a controlled fashion. The evaporation rate can be tailored by a perfumer to suit the evaporation rate desired in the particular application. 
     A second aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter provides a fragrance consumer product (e.g., a electrical liquid air freshener device) that contains any one of the fragrance compositions disclosed herein. 
     A third aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter provides a method of decreasing the amount of high vapor pressure VOC solvent in a fragrance composition. This method includes removing at least a portion of any high vapor pressure VOC present in the composition (preferably the entire amount of high vapor pressure VOC present), adding at least one low vapor pressure VOC to the composition; and adding at least one low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compound to the composition to provide a low VOC solvent fragrance composition. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of various embodiments of the described subject matter and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is an evaporation comparison between the standard fragrance formulation A′, and the Low Vapor Pressure VOC formulation A, as described in Example 1, measured as the amount of weight loss of fragrance over 40 days. 
         FIG. 2  is an evaporation comparison between the standard fragrance formulation B′, and the Low Vapor Pressure VOC formulation B, as described in Example 2, measured as the amount of weight loss of fragrance over 40 days. 
         FIG. 3  is an evaporation curve for the fragrance formulation described in Example 3, measured as the amount of weight loss of fragrance over 40 days. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     As used herein, a “low vapor pressure VOC” or “LVPVOC” refers to organic solvents or carriers for use in a consumer product containing fragrance materials that have a vapor pressure of less than (&lt;) 0.1 mm Hg at 20° C. 
     As used herein, a “high vapor pressure VOC” or “HVPVOC” refers to organic solvents or carriers for use in a consumer product containing fragrance materials that have a vapor pressure greater than or equal to (≧) 0.1 mm Hg at 20° C. 
     As used herein, the term “solvent” and “carrier” are used interchangeably and, unless specified otherwise, are generally mentioned with respect to a low vapor pressure VOC or high vapor pressure VOC. 
     As used herein, the phrase “consumer product” or “end product” refers to composition that is in a form ready for use by the consumer for a marketed indication. 
     As used herein, a “solvent suitable for use in a consumer product” is a solvent that, when combined with other components of an end product, will not render the end product unfit for its intended consumer use. 
     Unless specified otherwise, all vapor pressures listed in this disclosure are the vapor pressure at 25° C. It is noted, however, that the HVPVOC and LVPVOC vapor pressures are specified at 20° C., in accordance with the convention established by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). 
     As used herein, the term “c log P” refers to the calculated n-octanol/water partition coefficient. Preferably, it is calculated by “Molecular Modeling Pro” software (version 6.0.6), available from Chem SW, Fairfield, Calif. 
     In the event that c log P values cannot be calculated using “Molecular Modeling Pro” software (version 6.0.6), c log P values can be calculated as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,869,923 at col. 3, 11. 18-38, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. As disclosed therein, c log P values can also be calculated by the “Clog P” program, available from Daylight CIS. The “calculated log P” (c log P) can also be calculated by the fragment approach of Hansch and Leo (cf., A. Leo, in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 4, C. Hansch, P. G. Sammens, J. B. Taylor and C. A. Ramsden, Eds., p. 295, Pergamon Press, 1990, incorporated herein by reference). The fragment approach is based on the chemical structure of each fragrance component, and takes into account the numbers and types of atoms, the atom connectivity, and chemical bonding. 
     As used herein, the term “electrical liquid air freshener device” refers to device or system that includes an electrical or battery source of energy. The term “electrical liquid air freshener device includes heated liquid wick systems, piezoelectrical spraying systems, electrospray devices and Venturi devices, as well as devices that are powered by solar or other alternative forms of energy. 
     As used herein, a fragrance composition evaporates in a controlled fashion when the evaporation rate, measured as weight of fragrance loss, per unit of time (e.g, 0.2-0.6 g/day) over a given time period (e.g., 30, 40 or 60 days) is relatively constant over the given time period. In one embodiment, the evaporation rate is relatively constant when the weight of fragrance loss per unit of time differs by less than ±5%, or ±10% or ±20% over the given time period. 
     As used herein, the term “fragrance components” refer to components that impart a generally hedonically pleasing fragrance and includes both low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compounds and non-low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compounds that act as fragrance ingredients. In one embodiment, fragrance components refer to fragrance and flavor materials listed in either Allured&#39;s Flavor and Fragrance materials 2004, published by Allured Publishing Inc., the IFRA (International Fragrance Research Association) database, and RIFM (Research Institute of Fragrance Materials) database, each of which and hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     Low Vapor Pressure VOCs 
     As noted above, as used herein, a “low vapor pressure VOCs” or “LVPVOC” refers to organic solvents or carriers that have a vapor pressure of less than (&lt;) 0.1 mm Hg at 20° C. Low vapor pressure VOCs, such as DPMA, have not been recognized and widely used, if at all, in liquid electrical air fresheners. When low vapor pressure VOCs are employed in combination with a composition that includes at least one low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compound, the resulting fragrance composition achieves performance that meets or exceeds the performance of comparable formulations that contain higher vapor pressure VOCs that are subject to increasingly stringent environmental regulation. These formulas are advantageous in that they can be fragranced with a low and/or pleasant fragrance profile and have a good weight loss profile, as well as, low toxicity issues and none of the VOC problems associated with other carriers that are typically used in air care applications. 
     In one embodiment, a LVPVOC solvent includes only those solvents that are approved for use by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) as LVPVOC solvents. Thus, in this particular embodiment, a LVPVOC solvent is a CARB-compliant solvent, and excludes non-CARB-compliant solvents. 
     An example of a low pressure VOC is dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate (DPMA), which is commercially available, for example, from Dow Chemical (Midland, Mich.) under the brand name Dowanol® DPMA. Its major isomer is represented by the structure below: 
                                
According to the vendor, Dowanol DPMA has a vapor pressure of 0.08 mmHg at 20° C.
 
     Other examples of low vapor pressure VOC solvents include, but are not limited to, Dowanol TPM, Dowanol DPNB and other VOCs with a VP less than 0.1 mmHg. The use of these solvents in conjunction with a low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compound yield formulations with the combined benefit of technical and hedonic performance that exceeds the performance that the low vapor pressure VOC and low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compound yield by themselves. 
     In one embodiment, the fragrance composition contains from about 1% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 60%, or from about 30% to about 50% by weight of LVPVOCs (e.g., DPMA), based on the total weight of the fragrance composition. 
     Low Vapor Pressure VOC Potentiator Compounds 
     Low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compounds can include certain fragrance materials selected from primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, phenolic compounds and other recognized aromachemical compounds that meet the characteristics defined below. The non-VOC portion of the fragrance composition is constructed in such a way to achieve a higher than usual volatility, and is particularly well adapted for use in an electrical liquid electrical air freshener. 
     In one embodiment, low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compounds include, but are not limited to, hexyl acetate, 3,3,5-trimethylhexyl acetate, bornyl formate, 3-hexenyl butyrate, phenyl ethyl acetal, butyl hexanoate, isononanol, acetone alcohol, isoprenyl acetate, isobutyl 2-pentanoate, amyl propionate, herbal dioxane, furfuryl formate, methyl acetyl acetone, and butyl acetoacetate. In an alternative embodiment, the low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compouns are selected from the compounds listed in Table 1, below: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Flash Point and Vapor Pressures (at 25° C.) of Low Vapor 
               
               
                 Pressure VOC Potentiator Compounds 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Low Vapor Pressure VOC 
                 CAS 
                 Flash 
                 Vapor 
               
               
                 Potentiator Compound 
                 Number 
                 Point 
                 Pressure 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 isopulegyl formate 
                 33522-69-9 
                 190° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 (Z)-7-decen-1-al 
                 10588-15-5 
                 190° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl benzoate 
                 94089-01-7 
                 190° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-2-decen-1-al 
                 101-97-3 
                 190° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 4-isopropyl-2-cyclohexenone 
                 624-51-1 
                 189° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 methyl carbitol 
                 628-99-9 
                 189° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 butyl heptanoate 
                 4948-28-1 
                 188° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one 
                 123-29-5 
                 188° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 propylene glycol acetal 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 phenyl acetaldehyde 
                 3913-81-3 
                 188° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 hexyl isothiocyanate 
                 111-87-5 
                 187° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 phenyl acetaldehyde 
                 5454-28-4 
                 187° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 dimethyl acetal 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 decanal (aldehyde C-10) 
                 67452-27-1 
                 186° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 methyl nonanoate 
                 112-31-2 
                 186° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 verbenyl acetate 
                 53398-85-9 
                 185° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 sorbyl butyrate 
                 35154-45-1 
                 185° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-4-decen-1-al 
                 33467-79-7 
                 185° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 2,3-butane diol 
                 72203-98-6 
                 185° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 (±)-menthone 
                 16930-93-1 
                 185° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 4-decen-1-al 
                 59471-80-6 
                 185° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 verbenol 
                 21661-97-2 
                 185° F. 
                 2.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 tetrahydromyrcenyl acetate 
                 65405-70-1 
                 184° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-2-nonen-1-al 
                 4404-45-9 
                 184° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 isophorone 
                 54889-48-4 
                 184° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl acetoacetate 
                 101-48-4 
                 184° F. 
                 0.8 mmHg 
               
               
                 octanal propylene glycol acetal 
                 74094-61-4 
                 183° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-nonen-1-al 
                 5009-32-5 
                 183° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 propylene glycol diacetate 
                 34300-94-2 
                 183° F. 
                 0.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol 
                 68258-95-7 
                 183° F. 
                 0.8 mmHg 
               
               
                 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl 2-methyl butyrate 
                 78989-37-4 
                 182° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-isocitral 
                 53398-83-7 
                 182° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 isopropyl octanoate 
                 5458-59-3 
                 181° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 nonan-3-yl acetate 
                 60826-15-5 
                 181° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 methyl benzoate 
                 112-41-4 
                 181° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-nonanol 
                 78-70-6 
                 180° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 tetrahydrocarvone 
                 6191-71-5 
                 180° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 propyl 2-furoate 
                 432-25-7 
                 180° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 acetophenone 
                 68480-08-0 
                 179° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 octanol 
                 6454-22-4 
                 178° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-3-nonen-2-one 
                 18492-65-4 
                 178° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 heptanal 2,3-butane diol acetal 
                 67859-96-5 
                 177° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 para-tolyl aldehyde 
                 97890-13-6 
                 176° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-2-hexen-1-yl 2-methyl butyrate 
                 1731-84-6 
                 175° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 3-nonanol 
                 626-82-4 
                 175° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 (Z)-2-pinanol 
                 106-32-1 
                 175° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E,E)-2,4-heptadien-1-ol 
                 500-02-7 
                 175° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl (E)-4-octenoate 
                 147-89-91 
                 175° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 butyl hexanoate 
                 111-70-6 
                 175° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 3-nonen-2-one 
                 103-09-3 
                 175° F. 
                 0.8 mmHg 
               
               
                 3,3,5-trimethylhexyl acetate 
                 58430-94-7 
                 174° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E,E)-2,4-octadien-1-al 
                 123-96-6 
                 174° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 linalool 
                 513-85-9 
                 173° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl phenyl acetate 
                 111-77-3 
                 172° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 1-dodecene 
                 104-87-0 
                 172° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 isocyclocitral 
                 1335-66-6 
                 172° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 ortho-tolyl aldehyde 
                 2463-53-8 
                 171° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl nonanoate 
                 589-98-0 
                 170° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 beta-cyclocitral 
                 93-89-0 
                 170° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 homomenthyl acetate 
                 73757-27-4 
                 170° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 furfuryl acetone 
                 33467-76-4 
                 170° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-7-methyl-3-octen-2-one 
                 89-80-5 
                 170° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 citronellal 
                 106-23-0 
                 169° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 (S)-(−)-citronellal 
                 699-17-2 
                 168° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 diethyl oxalate 
                 18402-83-0 
                 168° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-methyl butyl 3-methyl butenoate 
                 108-82-7 
                 167° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl octanoate 
                 18829-56-6 
                 167° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 dipropylene glycol methyl ether 
                 30390-50-2 
                 166° F. 
                 0.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 (Z)-4-hepten-1-ol 
                 74410-10-9 
                 165° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 heptanol 
                 70786-44-6 
                 165° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 heptanal cyclic propylene acetal 
                 529-20-4 
                 165° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-2-hepten-1-yl acetate 
                 615-10-1 
                 165° F. 
                 0.5 mmHg 
               
               
                 (3S,3aS,7aR)-dill ether 
                 89-54-87 
                 164° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 dill ether 
                 1125-88-8 
                 164° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 5-methyl furfural 
                 20125-81-9 
                 163° F. 
                 1.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-2-hexen-1-yl butyrate 
                 4798-61-2 
                 162° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 8-nonen-2-one 
                 30361-28-5 
                 161° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 (Z)-4-hepten-1-al diethyl acetal 
                 93-58-3 
                 160° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 isooctyl acetate 
                 122-78-1 
                 160° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-octanol 
                 98-86-2 
                 160° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 (Z)-3-hepten-1-yl acetate 
                 1576-78-9 
                 160° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 1-acetoxyacetone 
                 1120-21-4 
                 160° F. 
                 3.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal 
                 95-92-1 
                 157° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl sorbate 
                 33046-81-0 
                 157° F. 
                 0.5 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-octen-1-al 
                 50746-10-6 
                 155° F. 
                 0.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 amyl butyrate 
                 78-59-1 
                 154° F. 
                 0.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 heptyl acetate 
                 928-80-3 
                 154° F. 
                 12.0 mmHg 
               
               
                 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol 
                 2396-84-1 
                 151° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl heptanoate 
                 67746-30-9 
                 151° F. 
                 0.7 mmHg 
               
               
                 butyl isothiocyanate 
                 73545-18-3 
                 151° F. 
                 2.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 3-octanol 
                 16939-73-4 
                 150° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-2-hexen-1-al diethyl acetal 
                 34590-94-8 
                 150° F. 
                 0.5 mmHg 
               
               
                 methyl acetoacetate 
                 544-12-7 
                 150° F. 
                 0.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 hexanal propylene glycol acetal 
                 540-18-1 
                 150° F. 
                 0.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl 2-methyl-2-pentenoate 
                 623-84-7 
                 150° F. 
                 1.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 3-mercapto-3-methyl butyl formate 
                 98-00-0 
                 149° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 furfuryl alcohol 
                 821-55-6 
                 149° F. 
                 0.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-nonanone 
                 131671-56-2 
                 148° F. 
                 0.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 (±)-camphor 
                 76-22-2 
                 148° F. 
                 0.7 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-heptanol 
                 106-30-9 
                 148° F. 
                 1.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-2-octen-4-ol 
                 30086-02-3 
                 146° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-octen-4-ol 
                 141-97-9 
                 146° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one 
                 14309-57-0 
                 146° F. 
                 0.7 mmHg 
               
               
                 4-methyl-3-penten-1-ol 
                 97-99-4 
                 146° F. 
                 1.000 mmHg 
               
               
                 3-mercapto-3-methyl butanol 
                 124-13-0 
                 145° F. 
                 0.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 3-decanone 
                 2363-89-5 
                 145° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 2,3,5-trithiahexane 
                 111-76-2 
                 145° F. 
                 1.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 benzaldehyde 
                 105-45-3 
                 145° F. 
                 1.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-octanone 
                 928-94-9 
                 145° F. 
                 1.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl 2-hexenoate 
                 1599-49-1 
                 144° F. 
                 1.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 benzyl ethyl ether 
                 111-27-3 
                 143° F. 
                 0.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 beta-ocimene 
                 539-30-0 
                 143° F. 
                 2.7 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-4-hexen-1-ol 
                 928-92-7 
                 142° F. 
                 0.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl isovalerate 
                 928-97-2 
                 140° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 undecane 
                 763-89-3 
                 140° F. 
                 0.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 (Z)-3-hexen-1-al diethyl acetal 
                 2311-46-8 
                 140° F. 
                 0.5 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-butoxyethanol 
                 60415-61-4 
                 140° F. 
                 0.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 hexanol 
                 99-85-4 
                 140° F. 
                 0.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate 
                 42474-44-2 
                 140° F. 
                 1.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate 
                 3681-82-1 
                 139° F. 
                 1.4 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-methyl-2-octen-1-al 
                 543-49-7 
                 138° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-3-hexen-1-ol 
                 1552-67-6 
                 138° F. 
                 0.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 sec-hexyl alcohol 
                 27829-72-7 
                 137° F. 
                 1.5 mmHg 
               
               
                 furfural 
                 100-52-7 
                 137° F. 
                 2.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 octanal diethyl acetal 
                 142-92-7 
                 136° F. 
                 0.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 4-ethyl-6-hepten-3-one 
                 111-13-7 
                 136° F. 
                 0.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E)-2-hepten-1-ol 
                 58625-96-0 
                 135° F. 
                 0.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 3-hexen-1-al 
                 1617-40-9 
                 135° F. 
                 11.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-ethoxyethyl acetate 
                 3054-92-0 
                 135° F. 
                 2.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 isoprenyl acetate 
                 538-86-3 
                 134° F. 
                 4.5 mmHg 
               
               
                 acetone alcohol 
                 591-24-2 
                 133° F. 
                 3.0 mmHg 
               
               
                 amyl propionate 
                 97-95-0 
                 133° F. 
                 3.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 hexyl acetate 
                 64187-83-3 
                 132° F. 
                 1.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-cyclohexenone 
                 106-73-0 
                 132° F. 
                 3.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methyl butyrate 
                 123-66-0 
                 131° F. 
                 0.5 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl (E)-2-hexenoate 
                 626-89-1 
                 131° F. 
                 1.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 3-hexen-1-ol 
                 109-21-7 
                 130° F. 
                 0.5 mmHg 
               
               
                 (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol 
                 470-82-6 
                 130° F. 
                 0.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 benzyl methyl ether 
                 620-02-0 
                 130° F. 
                 1.5mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl (Z)-3-hexenoate 
                 105-30-6 
                 130° F. 
                 1.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 (E,E)-2,4-hexadien-1-al 
                 4440-65-7 
                 130° F. 
                 4.8 mmHg 
               
               
                 methyl heptanoate 
                 112-06-1 
                 127° F. 
                 1.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 valeraldehyde propylene glycol 
                 626-77-7 
                 127° F. 
                 2.3 mmHg 
               
               
                 acetal 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2-pentyl butyrate 
                 71-41-0 
                 126° F. 
                 1.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 octanal (aldehyde C-8) 
                 98-01-1 
                 125° F. 
                 0.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 gamma-terpinene 
                 74094-60-3 
                 125° F. 
                 1.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 3-methyl cyclohexanone 
                 111-15-9 
                 125° F. 
                 1.5 mmHg 
               
               
                 4-methyl-1-pentanol 
                 473-67-6 
                 125° F. 
                 1.7 mmHg 
               
               
                 propyl hexanoate 
                 96-41-3 
                 125° F. 
                 2.0 mmHg 
               
               
                 cyclopentanol 
                 592-82-5 
                 124° F. 
                 2.5 mmHg 
               
               
                 2-isohexyl alcohol 
                 13877-91-3 
                 123° F. 
                 1.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 2,3,4-trimethyl-3-pentanol 
                 116-09-6 
                 122° F. 
                 1.5 mmHg 
               
               
                 1,8-cineole 
                 35926-04-6 
                 122° F. 
                 1.9 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl hexanoate 
                 592-20-1 
                 121° F. 
                 1.6 mmHg 
               
               
                 butyl butyrate 
                 624-54-4 
                 121° F. 
                 1.8 mmHg 
               
               
                 isopropyl hexanoate 
                 930-68-7 
                 120° F. 
                 1.0 mmHg 
               
               
                 amyl alcohol 
                 97-64-3 
                 120° F. 
                 2.2 mmHg 
               
               
                 1-hexen-3-yl acetate 
                 12-07-311 
                 120° F. 
                 3.1 mmHg 
               
               
                 ethyl lactate 
                 142-83-6 
                 120° F. 
                 3.8 mmHg 
               
               
                 4-heptanone 
                 123-19-3 
                 120° F. 
                 6.1 mmHg 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In one embodiment, the 3,3,5-trimethylhexyl acetate is obtained as Vanoris from IFF (New York, N.Y.). 
     Air Care Devices 
     Any one of the fragrance compositions disclosed herein can be used in any air care device, without limitation. The term “air care device” includes any suitable surface that allows for at least some evaporation of volatile materials. Any suitable air care device having any suitable size, shape, form, or configuration can be used. Suitable air care devices can be made from any suitable material, including but not limited to: natural materials, man-made materials, fibrous materials, non-fibrous materials, porous materials, non-porous materials, and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the air care devices used herein are flameless in character and include any device used for dispensing any type of volatile material (e.g. liquids) into the atmosphere (such as fragrance, deodorant, disinfectant or insecticide active agent). In certain non-limiting embodiments, a typical air care device utilizes a combination of a wick, gel, and/or porous surface, and an emanating region to dispense a volatile liquid from a liquid fluid reservoir. 
     Air care devices (such as, wicking devices) are known for dispensing volatile liquids into the atmosphere, such as fragrance, deodorant, disinfectant or insecticide active agent. A typical air care device utilizes a combination of a wick and emanating region to dispense a volatile liquid from a liquid fluid reservoir. Air care devices are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,994,932; 2,597,195; 2,802,695; 2,804,291; 2,847,976. Ideally, the air care device should require little or no maintenance and should perform in a manner that allows the volatile material to be dispensed at a steady and controlled rate into the designated area while maintaining its emission integrity over the life span of the device. 
     In one embodiment, the air care device is an electrical liquid air freshner device. As noted above, the term “electrical liquid air freshener device” or “liquid electrical air freshener” refers to device or system that includes an electrical or battery operated source of energy which includes heated liquid wick delivery systems, piezoelectrical spraying systems, electrospray devices or Venturi devices. Commerical examples of electrical liquid air freshner devices include, but are not limited to, Glade® PlugIns® Scented oil, sold by SC Johnson &amp; Sons; Air Wick Scented Oils, and Air Wick X-Press® Scented Oils, sold by Reckitt Benckiser; Febreze Noticeables sold by Proctor &amp; Gamble Co., Electric Home Air Fresheners, sold by the Yankee Candle Co.; and Renuzit Scented Oils, sold by Henkel AG. 
     It has surprisingly been found that the combination of a low vapor pressure VOC (e.g., DPMA) and the fragrance composition can yield hedonically pleasing and constant fragrance profiles when used in an electrical liquid air freshener device. Thus, one embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter provides an electrical liquid air freshener device that contains a fragrance composition disclosed herein. 
     The evaporation rate of the fragrance components(s) can be controlled to dispense the fragrance into the surrounding environment over extended periods of time. The perfumer of ordinary skill can modify the fragrance composition to provide controlled evaporation into small (e.g., a bath or living room) or large areas (e.g., large commercial and recreational spaces). In one embodiment, the presently disclosed fragrance compositions evaporate in a controlled fashion. A fragrance composition evaporates in a controlled fashion when the evaporation rate, measured as weight of fragrance loss, per unit of time (e.g, 0.2-0.6 g/day) over a given time period (e.g., 30, 40 or 60 days) is relatively constant over the given time period. In one embodiment, the evaporation rate is relatively constant when the weight of fragrance loss per unit of time differs by less than ±5%, or ±10% or ±20% over the given time period. 
     In one embodiment, the presently disclosed fragrance compositions evaporate at a rate of from about 0.2 to about 0.6 grams per day, over 30, 40 or 60 days. In a still further embodiment, the evaporation rate (e.g., grams of fragrance lost per day), over a given time period (30, 40 or 60 days for example) varies by less than ±5%, or ±10% or ±20% over the given time period. 
     The use of a low vapor pressure VOC, as a carrier, and fragrance compositions of the present application is applicable to a wide variety of products in the fragrance industry including, but not limited to, electrical liquid air freshener devices. Suitable electrical liquid air freshener devices include in wick type air freshener devices, which may be fan assisted, piezoelectrical devices, as well as, other devices commonly used in the air care arena. A particularly preferred air care device that can be used with the fragrance compositions and low vapor pressure VOC solvents of the present application is disclosed in International Published Application No. WO 2009/006582 and U.S. Design Pat. Nos. D597,191 and D608,879. Each of these references are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     Fragrance Components and Fragrance Compositions 
     The fragrance components that can be used in the fragrance compositions of the present disclosure include commercially available fragrances, preferably, but not limited to, fragrances available from Takasago International Corporation, (Tokyo, JP). Other sources of liquid or gel fragrance components include S.C. Johnson Company (Racine, Wis.), Procter &amp; Gamble (Cincinnati, Ohio), Reckitt Benckiser (Berkshire, UK), Givaudan (Geneva, Switzerland), Firmenich (Geneva, Switzerland), and International Flavors and Fragrances (New York, N.Y.). 
     In one embodiment, the fragrance composition contains fragrance components (including both low vapor pressure VOC potentiator compounds and standard fragrance materials) in which at least about 5% to about 60,% by weight, of the fragrance components have a c log P value greater than 3, more preferably at least about 10% to about 50%, by weight, of the fragrance components have a c log P value greater than 3 and most preferably at least about 20% to about 40%, by weight, of the fragrance components have a c log P value greater than 3, based on the total weight of the fragrance components present in the fragrance composition. 
     In one embodiment, the total amount of fragrance components is from about 20% to about 99% by weight, of the total weight of the fragrance composition (including any LVPVOCs and HVPVOCs). Alternatively, the total amount of fragrance components is from about 40% to about 80% by weight, or from about 50% to about 70% by weight, of the total fragrance composition (including any LVPVOC and HVPVOCs). 
     In one embodiment, from about 40 to about 95 weight percent of the fragrance components, based on the total weight of the fragrance components present in the fragrance composition, have a vapor pressure greater than 0.08 mmHg at 25° C. In alternative embodiments, from about 50 to about 85 weight percent of the fragrance components, or from about 60 to about 75 weight percent of the fragrance components, based on the total weight of the fragrance components present in the fragrance composition, have a vapor pressure greater than 0.08 mmHg at 25° C. 
     In one embodiment, from about 10 to about 40 weight percent of the total fragrance components have a boiling point of greater than or equal to about 250° C., based on the total weight of the fragrance components present in the fragrance composition. In an alternative embodiment, from about 10 to about 20 weight percent, or to about 30 weight percent of the total fragrance components have a boiling point of greater than or equal to about 250° C., based on the total weight of the fragrance components present in the fragrance composition. 
     The presently disclosed compositions can be in the form of a simple mixture of liquid fragrance components and LVPVOC solvents, or can be in an encapsulated form, e.g., entrapped in a solid matrix that may include wall-forming and plasticizing materials such as mono-, di- or trisaccharides, natural or modified starches, hydrocolloids, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinylalcohols, proteins or pectins. Examples of particularly useful matrix materials include, for example, sucrose, glucose, lactose, levulose, fructose, maltose, ribose, dextrose, isomalt, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, malitol, pentatol, arabinose, pentose, xylose, galactose, maltodextrin, dextrin, chemically modified starch, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, succinylated or hydrolysed starch, agar, carrageenan, gum arabic, gum accacia, tragacanth, alginates, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, derivatives, gelatin, agar, alginate and mixtures thereof. Encapsulation techniques are well-known to persons skilled in the art, and may be performed, for instance, using techniques such as spray-drying, agglomeration or extrusion, or coating encapsulation, including coacervation and complex coacervation techniques. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The present application is further described by means of the examples, presented below, wherein the abbreviations have the usual meaning in the art. 
     Example 1 
     A commercially-available fruity fragrance composition is provided with the components shown below in Table 2 as Comparative Formulation A. This formulation contains greater than 50 wt % Dowanol DPM Glycol Ether and methoxy methyl butanol, which are VOCs that may not comply with the strictest environmental regulations, such as the regulations established by the California Air Resource Board (CARB). 
     A formulation with a similar evaporation rate, and olfactive properties as Comparative Formulation A is desired, yet using a low vapor pressure VOC solvent that complies with the strictest regulatory standards, (e.g., is CARB compliant). LOW VOC Carrier Formulation A′ is provided that employs Dowanol DMPA (a LVPVOC), instead of Dowanol DPM Glycol Ether and methoxy methyl butanol. Formulation A′ employs 3,5,5-trimethyl hexyl acetate and hexyl acetate as potentiator compounds. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Fragrance Composition A and A′ 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Comparative 
                 LOW VOC Carrier 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Formulation A 
                 Formulation A′ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Weight Parts Per 
                 Weight Parts Per 
               
               
                 Component 
                 CAS Number 
                 Thousand 
                 Thousand 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1-HEXANOL, 3,5,5-TRIMETHYL-, 
                 58430-94-7 
                 314.706 
                 403.943 
               
               
                 ACETATE 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 DOWANOL DPMA 
                 88917-22-0 
                   
                 300.000 
               
               
                 1-BUTANOL, 3-METHOXY-3- 
                 56539-66-3 
                 366.451 
                   
               
               
                 METHYL- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Oxiranecarboxylic acid, 3-methyl-3- 
                 77-83-8 
                 70.588 
                 70.588 
               
               
                 phenyl-, ethyl ester 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 PROPANOL, 1(OR 2)-(2- 
                 34590-94-8 
                 32.785 
                   
               
               
                 METHOXYMETHYLETHOXY)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl- 
                 78-70-6 
                 32.353 
                 32.353 
               
               
                 4H-PYRAN-4-ONE, 3-ETHYL-3- 
                 4940-11-8 
                 16.471 
                 16.471 
               
               
                 HYDROXY- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 CYCLOHEXANOL, 4-(1,1- 
                 32210-23-4 
                 14.706 
                 14.706 
               
               
                 DIMETHYLETHYL)-, ACETATE 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2- 
                 127-41-3 
                 14.706 
                 14.706 
               
               
                 cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (E)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Acetic acid, hexyl ester 
                 142-92-7 
                   
                 10.000 
               
               
                 Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester 
                 140-11-4 
                 9.318 
                 9.318 
               
               
                 Butanoic acid, ethyl ester 
                 105-54-4 
                 8.824 
                 8.824 
               
               
                 2-BUTANONE, 4-(4- 
                 5471-51-2 
                 8.824 
                 8.824 
               
               
                 HYDROXYPHENYL)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3-CYCLOHEXENE-1- 
                 67801-65-4 
                 8.000 
                 8.000 
               
               
                 CARBOXALDEHYDE, 3,6- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 DIMETHYL- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- 
                 121-33-5 
                 7.647 
                 7.647 
               
               
                 Benzoic acid, 2-(methylamino)-, methyl 
                 85-91-6 
                 5.882 
                 5.882 
               
               
                 ester 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Ethanone, 1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2- 
                 774-55-0 
                 5.882 
                 5.882 
               
               
                 naphthalenyl)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BUTANOIC ACID, 2-METHYL-, 1- 
                 66576-71-4 
                 4.941 
                 4.941 
               
               
                 METHYLETHYL ESTER 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BUTANOIC ACID, 1,1-DIMETHYL-2- 
                 10094-34-5 
                 4.706 
                 4.706 
               
               
                 PHENYLETHYL ESTER 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 OILS, ORANGE, SWEET 
                 8008-57-9 
                 4.706 
                 4.706 
               
               
                 Benzenemethanol, 4-methoxy-, acetate 
                 104-21-2 
                 4.118 
                 4.118 
               
               
                 Benzaldehyde 
                 100-52-7 
                 4.118 
                 4.118 
               
               
                 Benzaldehyde, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy- 
                 121-32-4 
                 3.824 
                 3.824 
               
               
                 3-Buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6- 
                 127-51-5 
                 3.529 
                 3.529 
               
               
                 trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3-Hexen-1-ol, (Z)- 
                 928-96-1 
                 3.529 
                 3.529 
               
               
                 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-heptyldihydro- 
                 104-67-6 
                 3.529 
                 3.529 
               
               
                 2H-Pyran-2-one, 6-heptyltetrahydro- 
                 713-95-1 
                 3.059 
                 3.059 
               
               
                 2-PENTENOIC ACID, 2-METHYL- 
                 3142-72-1 
                 3.000 
                 3.000 
               
               
                 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-hexyldihydro- 
                 706-14-9 
                 2.941 
                 2.941 
               
               
                 Butanoic acid, 3-oxo-, ethyl ester 
                 141-97-9 
                 2.941 
                 2.941 
               
               
                 1,2-Propanediol 
                 57-55-6 
                 2.462 
                 2.462 
               
               
                 3-BUTEN-2-ONE, 4-(2,6,6- 
                 14901-07-6 
                 2.353 
                 2.353 
               
               
                 TRIMETHYL-1-CYCLOHEXEN-1-YL)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4H-Pyran-4-one, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl- 
                 118-71-8 
                 2.353 
                 2.353 
               
               
                 Ethanone, 1-phenyl- 
                 98-86-2 
                 2.353 
                 2.353 
               
               
                 LIME OIL DIST NAT 
                 N/A 
                 2.353 
                 2.353 
               
               
                 METH LAITONE 10% TEC 
                 N/A 
                 2.059 
                 2.059 
               
               
                 3-HEXEN-1-OL, ACETATE, (Z)- 
                 3681-71-8 
                 1.765 
                 1.765 
               
               
                 2-Propenal, 3-phenyl- 
                 104-55-2 
                 1.765 
                 1.765 
               
               
                 Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, 3-methylbutyl 
                 659-70-1 
                 1.471 
                 1.471 
               
               
                 ester 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2-BUTEN-1-ONE, 1-(2,6,6- 
                 23726-91-2 
                 1.235 
                 1.235 
               
               
                 TRIMETHYL-1-CYCLOHEXEN-1-YL)-, 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 (E)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 CYCLOPENTANEACETIC ACID, 3- 
                 24851-98-7 
                 1.176 
                 1.176 
               
               
                 OXO-2-PENTYL-, METHYL ESTER 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Benzenepropanal, 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 
                 80-54-6 
                 1.176 
                 1.176 
               
               
                 .alpha.-methyl- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- 
                 97-53-0 
                 1.176 
                 1.176 
               
               
                 2,4-CYCLOHEXADIENE-1- 
                 35044-57-6 
                 1.176 
                 1.176 
               
               
                 CARBOXYLIC ACID, 2,6,6- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 TRIMETHYL-, ETHY L ESTER 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1% or less trace ingredients 
                   
                 9.042 
                 9.042 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1000.000 
                 1000.000 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Evaporation curves for Comparative Formulation A and Low VOC Carrier Formulation A′ are shown in  FIG. 1 , measured as the amount of weight loss of the composition. As shown therein, evaporation of the Low VOC Carrier Formulation A′ over 40 days is similar to that of Comparative Formulation A, which is not CARB compliant. Furthermore, a minimum of 4 of 5 expert “noses” selected Low VOC Carrier Formulation A′ as an olfactive match to the non-compliant Comparative Formulation A. 
     Example 2 
     A commercially-available herbal fragrance composition is provided with the components shown below in Table 2 as Comparative Formulation B. This formulation contains greater than 50 wt % Dowanol DPM Glycol Ether and methoxy methyl butanol, which are VOCs that may not comply with the strictest environmental regulations, such as the regulations established by the California Air Resource Board (CARB). 
     A formulation with a similar evaporation rate, and olfactive properties as Comparative Formulation B is desired, yet using a low vapor pressure VOC solvent that complies with the strictest regulatory standards, (e.g., is CARB compliant). LOW VOC Carrier Formulation B′ is provided that employs Dowanol DMPA (a LVPVOC), instead of Dowanol DPM Glycol Ether and methoxy methyl butanol. Formulation B′ employs 3,5,5-trimethyl hexyl acetate as a potentiator compound. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Fragrance Composition B and B′ 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Comparative 
                 LOW VOC Carrier 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Formulation B 
                 Formulation B′ 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Weight Parts Per 
                 Weight Parts Per 
               
               
                 Component 
                 CAS Number 
                 Thousand 
                 Thousand 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 DOWANOL DPMA 
                 88917-22-0 
                   
                 440.984 
               
               
                 PROPANOL, 1(OR 2)-(2- 
                 34590-94-8 
                 307.062 
                   
               
               
                 METHOXYMETHYLETHOXY)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1-BUTANOL, 3-METHOXY-3-METHYL- 
                 56539-66-3 
                 234.479 
                   
               
               
                 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, acetate 
                 115-95-7 
                 127.200 
                 127.200 
               
               
                 1-HEXANOL, 3,5,5-TRIMETHYL-, 
                 58430-94-7 
                 1.960 
                 102.727 
               
               
                 ACETATE 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl- 
                 78-70-6 
                 84.265 
                 84.114 
               
               
                 LAVANDIN GROSS 
                 XUNK 
                 39.344 
                 39.344 
               
               
                 Benzenemethanol, 4-methoxy-, acetate 
                 104-21-2 
                 32.787 
                 32.787 
               
               
                 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-pentyl- 
                 104-61-0 
                 18.057 
                 18.057 
               
               
                 Benzaldehyde, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy- 
                 121-32-4 
                 9.836 
                 9.836 
               
               
                 METH LAITONE 10% TEC 
                 N/A 
                 9.836 
                 9.836 
               
               
                 Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- 
                 121-33-5 
                 9.836 
                 9.836 
               
               
                 4H-PYRAN-4-ONE, 3-ETHYL-3- 
                 4940-11-8 
                 8.197 
                 8.197 
               
               
                 HYDROXY- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BUTANOIC ACID, 1,1-DIMETHYL-2- 
                 10094-34-5 
                 7.311 
                 7.311 
               
               
                 PHENYLETHYL ESTER 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 TERPENES AND TERPENOIDS, 
                 68917-33-9 
                 5.255 
                 5.255 
               
               
                 LEMON-OIL 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 CYCLOHEXANEPROPANOIC ACID, 2- 
                 2705-87-5 
                 4.918 
                 4.918 
               
               
                 PROPENYL ESTER 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 3-CYCLOHEXENE-1- 
                 31906-04-4 
                 4.918 
                 4.918 
               
               
                 CARBOXALDEHYDE, 4-(4-HYDROXY- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 4-METHYLPENTYL)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester 
                 140-11-4 
                 4.754 
                 4.754 
               
               
                 Hexanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester 
                 123-68-2 
                 4.302 
                 4.302 
               
               
                 2H-Pyran-2-one, 6-heptyltetrahydro- 
                 713-95-1 
                 3.934 
                 3.934 
               
               
                 Benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy- 
                 123-11-5 
                 3.444 
                 3.444 
               
               
                 ETHANONE, 1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8- 
                 54464-57-2 
                 3.279 
                 3.279 
               
               
                 OCTAHYDRO-2,3,8,8-TETRAMETHYL- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2-NAPHTHALENYL)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Butanoic acid, ethyl ester 
                 105-54-4 
                 3.279 
                 3.279 
               
               
                 1,4-Dioxacycloheptadecane-5,17-dione 
                 105-95-3 
                 3.279 
                 3.279 
               
               
                 LAVENDER OIL, SPIKE 
                 8016-78-2 
                 3.279 
                 3.279 
               
               
                 TERPENES AND TERPENOIDS, SWEET 
                 68647-72-3 
                 3.279 
                 3.279 
               
               
                 ORANGE-OIL 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 OILS, CLARY SAGE 
                 8016-63-5 
                 3.279 
                 3.279 
               
               
                 1,2-Propanediol 
                 57-55-6 
                 3.167 
                 3.167 
               
               
                 3 -Cyclohexene-1-methanol, 
                 80-26-2 
                 3.050 
                 3.050 
               
               
                 .alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl-, acetate 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)- 
                 106-24-1 
                 2.951 
                 2.951 
               
               
                 OILS, CEDARWOOD 
                 8000-27-9 
                 2.843 
                 2.843 
               
               
                 7-OCTEN-2-OL, 2,6-DIMETHYL- 
                 18479-58-8 
                 2.459 
                 2.459 
               
               
                 Heptanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester 
                 142-19-8 
                 2.033 
                 2.033 
               
               
                 2-BUTEN-1-OL, 2-ETHYL-4-(2,2,3- 
                 28219-61-6 
                 1.967 
                 1.967 
               
               
                 TRIMETHYL-3-CYCLOPENTEN-1-YL)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 2H-1-BENZOPYRAN-2-ONE, 
                 4430-31-3 
                 1.967 
                 1.967 
               
               
                 OCTAHYDRO- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-phenoxyethyl 
                 103-60-6 
                 1.967 
                 1.967 
               
               
                 ester 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 OILS, CEDARWOOD, TEXAN 
                 68990-83-0 
                 1.884 
                 1.884 
               
               
                 OILS, PATCHOULI 
                 8014-09-3 
                 1.791 
                 1.791 
               
               
                 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-heptyldihydro- 
                 104-67-6 
                 1.693 
                 1.693 
               
               
                 CYCLOHEXANOL, 4-(1,1- 
                 32210-23-4 
                 1.658 
                 1.658 
               
               
                 DIMETHYLETHYL)-, ACETATE 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1,3-Benzodioxole-5-carboxaldehyde 
                 120-57-0 
                 1.640 
                 1.640 
               
               
                 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one 
                 91-64-5 
                 1.640 
                 1.640 
               
               
                 Bicyclo2.2.1heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl- 
                 76-22-2 
                 1.639 
                 1.639 
               
               
                 CYCLOPENTANEACETIC ACID, 3- 
                 24851-98-7 
                 1.311 
                 1.311 
               
               
                 OXO-2-PENTYL-, METHYL ESTER 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 6-OCTEN-1-OL, 3,7-DIMETHYL-, (S)- 
                 7540-51-4 
                 1.311 
                 1.311 
               
               
                 3-Buten-2-one, 3-methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl- 
                 127-51-5 
                 1.311 
                 1.311 
               
               
                 2-cyclohexen-1-yl)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 OILS, ROSEMARY 
                 8000-25-7 
                 1.206 
                 1.206 
               
               
                 ETHANONE, 1-(5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO- 
                 21145-77-7 
                 0.984 
                 0.984 
               
               
                 3,5,5,6,8,8-HEXAMETHYL-2-NAP 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 HTHALENYL)- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 BICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTAN-2-OL, 1,3,3- 
                 1632-73-1 
                 0.984 
                 0.984 
               
               
                 TRIMETHYL- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 1,3,4,6,7,8-HEXAHYDRO-4,6,6,7,8,8- 
                 N/A 
                 0.984 
                 0.984 
               
               
                 HEXAMETHYLCYCLOPENTA- 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 GAMMA-2-BENZOPYRAN 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Butanoic acid, pentyl ester 
                 540-18-1 
                 0.984 
                 0.984 
               
               
                 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-6-pentyl- 
                 705-86-2 
                 0.984 
                 0.984 
               
               
                 Decanoic acid 
                 334-48-5 
                 0.885 
                 0.885 
               
               
                 PROPANOL, OXYBIS- 
                 25265-71-8 
                 0.168 
                 0.876 
               
               
                 Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl- 
                 107-75-5 
                 0.820 
                 0.820 
               
               
                 NAPHTHA (PETROLEUM), 
                 64742-48-9 
                 0.767 
                   
               
               
                 HYDROTREATED HEAVY 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 OILS, EUCALYPTUS 
                 8000-48-4 
                 0.755 
                 0.755 
               
               
                 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-ethyldihydro- 
                 695-06-7 
                 0.677 
                 0.677 
               
               
                 Decanal 
                 112-31-2 
                 0.656 
                 0.656 
               
               
                 1% or less trace ingredients 
                   
                 9.495 
                 9.495 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1000.000 
                 1000.000 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Evaporation curves for Comparative Formulation B and Low VOC Carrier Formulation B′ are shown in  FIG. 2 , measured as the amount of weight loss of the composition. As shown therein, evaporation of the Low VOC Carrier Formulation B′ over 40 days is similar to that of Comparative Formulation B, which is not CARB compliant. Furthermore, a minimum of 4 of 5 expert “noses” selected Low VOC Carrier Formulation B′ as an olfactive match to the non-compliant Comparative Formulation B. 
     Example 3 
     A new fragrance that is CARB compliant formulation for use in an electrical liquid air freshener device. It achieves regulatory compliance and low VOC by preparing the formulation utilizing DPMA as a LVPVOC solvent or carrier. Dowanol DPNB and Dowanol TPM glycol ether have been previously utilized. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Fragrance Composition C 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 LOW VOC Carrier 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Formulation C 
               
               
                 Component 
                 CAS Number 
                 1,000 Parts 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 DOWANOL DPMA 
                 88917-22-0 
                 245.161 
               
               
                 2-PROPANOL, 1-(2-BUTOXY-1-METHYLETHOXY)- 
                 29911-28-2 
                 245.161 
               
               
                 PROPANOL, [2-(2- 
                 25498-49-1 
                 245.161 
               
               
                 METHOXYMETHYLETHOXY)METHYLETHOXY]- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 1-HEXANOL, 3,5,5-TRIMETHYL-, ACETATE 
                 58430-94-7 
                 77.145 
               
               
                 ETHANONE, 1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-OCTAHYDRO- 
                 54464-57-2 
                 62.903 
               
               
                 2,3,8,8-TETRAM ETHYL-2-NAPHTHALENYL)- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 2-BUTANOL, 1[[2-(1,1- 
                 139504-68-0 
                 25.806 
               
               
                 DIMETHYLETHYL)CYCLOHEXYL]OXY]- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 1,6-NONADIEN-3-OL, 3,7-DIMETHYL- 
                 10339-55-6 
                 16.129 
               
               
                 1H-3A,7-METHANOAZULENE, OCTAHYDRO-6- 
                 19870-74-7 
                 12.903 
               
               
                 METHOXY-3,6,8,8-TETRAMETHYL-, [3R- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 (3.ALPHA.,3A.BETA.,6.BETA.,7.BETA.,8A.ALPHA.)]- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 3-CYCLOPENTENE-1-BUTANOL, 
                 65113-99-7 
                 7.742 
               
               
                 .ALPHA.,.BETA.,2,2,3-PENTAMETHYL- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 TERPENES AND TERPENOIDS, LEMON-OIL 
                 68917-33-9 
                 6.606 
               
               
                 Benzenepropanal, 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-.alpha.- 
                 80-54-6 
                 6.452 
               
               
                 methyl- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Benzeneethanol 
                 60-12-8 
                 6.452 
               
               
                 ACETIC ACID, ANHYDRIDE, REACTION PRODUCTS 
                 144020-22-4 
                 6.452 
               
               
                 WITH BORON TRIFLUO RIDE AND 1,5,9- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 TRIMETHYL-1,5,9-CYCLODECATRIEVE 
                   
                   
               
               
                 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, acetate 
                 115-95-7 
                 5.342 
               
               
                 2-BUTEN-1-OL, 2-METHYL-4-(2,2,3-TRIMETHYL-3- 
                 28219-60-5 
                 3.226 
               
               
                 CYCLOPENTEN-1-YL)- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 CYCLOPENTANEACETIC ACID, 3-OXO-2-PENTYL-, 
                 24851-98-7 
                 3.226 
               
               
                 METHYL ESTER 
                   
                   
               
               
                 OIL, CHAMPACA 
                 8016-23-7 
                 2.581 
               
               
                 1,4-DIOXACYCLOHEXADECANE-5,16-DIONE 
                 54982-83-1 
                 2.581 
               
               
                 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl- 
                 78-70-6 
                 2.249 
               
               
                 OILS, MANILA ELEMI 
                 8023-89-0 
                 1.972 
               
               
                 6-Octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl- 
                 106-22-9 
                 1.936 
               
               
                 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one 
                 91-64-5 
                 1.613 
               
               
                 BENZENEPROPANAL, .ALPHA.-METHYL-4-(2- 
                 6658-48-6 
                 1.290 
               
               
                 METHYLPROPY14- 
                   
                   
               
               
                 1% or less trace ingredients 
                   
                 9.911 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The evaporation curve of Low VOC Carrier Formulation C is shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     The use of such examples is illustrative only and in no way limits the scope and meaning of the invention or of any exemplified term or phrase used herein. Likewise, the invention is not limited to any particular preferred embodiments described herein. Indeed, many modifications and variations of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification. 
     It is further to be understood that all values are approximate, and are provided for description. 
     Patents, patent applications, publications, product descriptions, and protocols are cited throughout this application, the disclosures of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.