Abstract:
The present inventors devised, among other things, an application development system and method. One exemplary method entails providing a set of legal research application feature or functions and receiving a first configuration file from a user, selectively enabling or disabling one or more of the features to define a first legal research application on a first server for a first country. The method further entails receiving a second configuration file from a user, which similarly selectively enables or disables one or more of the features to define a second legal research application on a second server for a second country. The configuration files also customize the user interfaces accord to brand specific criteria for each of the countries.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims to priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/137,712, which was filed Aug. 1, 2009 and which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,085,755, entitled “Electronic Document Repository Management and Access System” which was filed on Nov. 7, 2002 and issued on Aug. 1, 2006, is also incorporated herein by reference. 
     COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND PERMISSION 
     A portion of this patent document contains material subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrights whatsoever. The following notice applies to this document: Copyright© 2008, Thomson Global Resources. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Various embodiments of the present invention concern online legal research applications, particularly systems and method of efficiently providing these applications across multiple countries. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In many legal systems across the world, lawyers and other legal professionals research laws and past court decisions to help them serve the legal needs of their clients. To assist these legal professionals, businesses, such as Thomson Reuters, provide online legal research services, such as the popular Westlaw service, that provides not only rich databases and technically advanced search tools, but also sophisticated case analysis and alert functions. Thomson Reuters provides similar online legal research services in the Argentina, Australia, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. 
     One problem that the present inventors recognized is that developing and providing online legal research services, particularly the software applications that actually make it possible to deliver the services, is time consuming and expensive. Moreover, when providing these applications in multiple countries, which have different languages, laws and ways of organizing and researching laws and past legal decisions, the time and expense multiplies. The magnitude of these costs raises the question of whether the cost for developing or even updating a research application for a smaller country, such as Argentina, Denmark, or Spain is justified given the size of the legal market and the desire to achieve a reasonable return on investment. 
     Accordingly, the present inventors recognized a need for better ways of building online legal research applications. 
     SUMMARY 
     To address this and/or other needs, the present inventors devises, among other things, an application development system and method. One exemplary method entails providing a set of legal research application feature or functions and receiving a first configuration file from a user, selectively enabling or disabling one or more of the features to define a first legal research application on a first server for a first country. The method further entails receiving a second configuration file from a user, which similarly selectively enables or disables one or more of the features to define a second legal research application on a second server for a second country. The configuration files also customize the user interfaces accord to brand specific criteria for each of the countries. Some system embodiments employing the methodology outlined here support approximately 20 online products in 12 countries using 7 different languages. 
     Moreover, the exemplary embodiment provides search templates that translate user input into a user interface into appropriate queries for the jurisdictional specific databases. The search templates can be shared across legal research applications, enabling, for example, users of an application for UK legal research to potentially research caselaw in Denmark. 
     Some embodiments also provide a configuration-selectable tocectory feature. This feature provides a hierarchical table-of-contents type method of navigating and searching legal content, with the content associated with metadata that directs how it is to be displayed and what functionality a research application provides to interact with it. 
     Some embodiments operate beyond the legal domain. For examples, one or more embodiments operate in the financial, scientific, healthcare and media domains. So the present invention is not limited to legal research applications. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an exemplary multi-country legal research system which corresponds to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a flow chart of an exemplary method of operating the system of  FIG. 1  and of providing legal research applications, which correspond to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     This description, which incorporates the figures and the appended claims, describes one or more specific embodiments of an invention. These embodiments, offered not to limit but only to exemplify and teach the inventive subject matter, are shown and described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to implement or practice the invention. Thus, where appropriate to avoid obscuring the invention, the description may omit certain information known to those of skill in the art. 
     Exemplary International Information-Retrieval System 
       FIG. 1  shows an exemplary international online information-retrieval (or legal research) system  100 . System  100  includes one or more databases  110 , server  120  and  130 , and access devices  140  and  150 . 
     Databases  110  include a set of legal research databases  112 , and a set of user-specific content databases  114 . Legal research databases  112 , in the exemplary embodiment, include a caselaw, statutes, secondary legal research materials, and associated metadata for a variety of countries, delineated country . . . country  2  in the figure. Secondary legal research materials include legal documents of secondary legal authority or more generally authorities subordinate to caselaw and statutes. Metadata includes case law and statutory citation relationships, KeyCite data (depth of treatment data, quotation data, headnote assignment data, and so forth. User-specific content database include user-preference data, user usage history, such as research trails, breadcrumb data (information regarding documents accessed by a user), accounting data, subscription data, and authentication data. 
     Databases  110 , which take the exemplary form of one or more electronic, magnetic, or optical data-storage devices, include or are otherwise associated with respective indices (not shown). Each of the indices includes terms and phrases in association with corresponding document addresses, identifiers, and other conventional information. Databases  110  are coupled or couplable via a wireless or wireline communications network, such as a local-, wide-, private-, or virtual-private network, to servers  120  and  130 . 
     Servers  120  and  130 , which is generally representative of one or more servers for serving data in the form of webpages or other markup language forms with associated applets, ActiveX controls, remote-invocation objects, or other related software and data structures to service clients of various “thicknesses.” More particularly, server  120  includes a processor module  121 , a memory module  122 , a configuration module  123 , a master application module  124 , and a country specific application module  125 . Similarly, server  130  includes a processor module  131 , a memory module  132 , a configuration module  133 , a master application module  134 , and a country specific application module  135 . (For clarity of illustration only two servers are shown in the figure; however, the exemplary embodiment encompasses any number of country specific web servers, indeed more than one server may be ganged for a particular company. In general, the functional capabilities of these servers are identical or similar.) 
     More specifically, processor modules  121  and  131  each include one or more local or distributed processors, controllers, or virtual machines. In the exemplary embodiment, the processor modules assume any convenient or desirable form. 
     Memory modules  122  and  132 , which take the exemplary form of one or more electronic, magnetic, or optical data-storage devices, store respective master application modules  124  and  134  and country-specific research applications  125  and  135 . 
     Configuration modules  123  and  133  include sets of one of one or more configuration files to enable or disable one or more respective legal research application features associated with master legal research applications  124  and  134 . In the exemplary embodiment, the configuration module includes XML configuration files, style sheets, java scripts, and cascading stylesheets, which enable or disable particular features of the master legal research application. The style sheets related primarily to customization of master user interfaces  1241  and  1341  to conform to country-specific branding. In this sense, these custom configured style sheets may be regarded as application “skins.” Features  1242  and  1342  include the modular functional features of the master application which are selectably enabled or disabled via the configuration files. Some embodiments allow for enabling or disabling or otherwise controlling operation one or more deeper aspects of the functional features, rather than just turning the feature completely on or off. 
     A description of an exemplary set of features follows. However, in various embodiments, the set of features is expandable to include new features that are designed to be configured by configuration files. 
     Searching Feature: The searching feature allows the user to search the whole application or within specific content sets for documents that suit their requirements. This can either be via a basic search that allows the user to input some basic words or via an advanced search where the user can input single or multiple pieces specific known information. The feature also allows the user to narrow search results by conducting further searches within results returned. The exemplary search feature can search multiple databases and integrate results into a single search result list and can search any field of any document (although limited by the content). 
     Browsing Feature: The first page the user arrives at after logging into the application allows the user to start research straight away. At the very top of the page is a toolbar with links to the most useful tools and features available on the application and this would be available on every page of the site. Users can choose to look at particular content types in more detail by using the navigation bar near the top of the page, which lists the content types available to them. Once a content type has been selected the user can browse for documents by selecting links to lists of documents that suit their requirements. Users can browse through the lists right down to document level or utilize the search templates available to narrow their search. 
     Results Display Feature: The results display feature of MAF finds documents that match the search criteria, sorts and de-duplicates them and then displays them to the user in the form of a list. As well as just displaying the list of search results, there are a number of features that are also available to the user via the search results list screens. Examples of these are:
         Editing their search   Conducting a new search   Re-sorting the search results list   Searching within the results returned   Delivering the results list   Saving the search to be used at a later date   Adding the search to their alerts, RSS Feeds list and be alerted when new documents are added.       

     Document display feature: Document display UI design patterns within the application are the result of a combination detailed analysis, best practice and standards. As well as just displaying the document of choice, there are a number of additional features that are also available to the user via the document display feature. Some examples of these are:
         Viewing related documents   Term scrolling   Results scrolling   Viewing recently viewed documents   Delivering documents       

     Delivery: Delivery options within WLUK allow the user to print, save or e-mail search results or full text documents. As well as simply delivering the documents the user has a number of other options that can be available to them. Some examples of these are:
         Document format   Displaying highlighted search terms   Including summary pages   Underlining of links within the documents   Highlighting search terms       

     Alerts Feature: An alert allows users to stay up-to-date on new documents added and notify the users when new information is added to the system. Alerts are requests that run automatically at pre-set time intervals and the results are delivered automatically to users via email. Results include only documents added since the last time the Alert request was run. Subscribers are able to view and manage a list of their own Alerts. 
     RSS Feeds Feature: RSS feeds comprise XML feeds of new material added to the site that are viewable by subscribers through the subscriber&#39;s web browser. Each time a specific RSS feed is built, the previous content of the RSS feed is overwritten, meaning that material contained in an earlier RSS field can only be retained if the subscriber opts to cache the previous feed. The overall functionality is similar to Alerts and like alerts, subscribers are able to view and manage a list of their own RSS feeds. 
     PDF circulation List: PDF circulation lists works as Alerts and allows a user to stay up-to-date on new documents added, and notifies the user when new PDF documents are added to the system. Circulation lists are requests that run automatically at pre-set time intervals and the results are delivered automatically to users via email. Results include only documents added since the last time the request was run and subscribers are able to view and manage a list of their own Circulation lists. 
     Breadcrumb: The Breadcrumb feature enables users to revisit pages of an application that they have previously accessed. When the user navigates to a new page, the path of navigation taken by the user will be listed in the breadcrumb and this allows the user to see where they have been within the application and to return to pages previously viewed if required. 
     Trail: Trail is a feature that records the sequence of events that have been executed by the user, to enable them to view and access research carried out during that session. Users are also able access Previous Trails to view previous research conducted in earlier sessions. This feature is access controlled and can be turned on and off as required. 
     Saved Search: This feature allows the user to save commonly used searches for re-use at a later date. Saved searches can be created from any search results list whether the search has been conducted from the homepage, content landing pages or at any level of the tocectory and users are able to view and manage a list of their own Saved Searches. 
     This feature is access controlled and can be turned on and off as required. 
     Preferences feature: Preferences is a feature that allows the user to alter settings according to their requirements, such as the users time zones, the number search results returned per page, the number of terms in context extracts displayed, the users E-mail address and the users Delivery Output options and format. Once the user has amended their settings they remain as the default settings until they are further amended. In the exemplary embodiment, the following items within this feature can be also customized according to requirements for individual applications:
         Format of date and time   Text   Language   Delivery option defaults   Available delivery formats.   Available options for number of Terms in content extracts displayed.   Available options for number of Search results displayed per page.       

     Access Control feature: Access Control feature is used to set the users access to different features within the application depending on their subscription. Most features within MAF can be switched on and off via Access Control. Examples include:
         Content sets   Alerts/RSS Feeds/PDFs   Delivery options   Preferences   Trail   Saved Search       

     Authentication Feature: Authentication Feature includes features such as logging in, new user login, changing passwords, forgotten password and timeout. Before a user can use any of the features within the application, they must first login. There are different ways a user can log in depending on the kinds of users they are. Typical types of user are:
         Users who access via a username and password   Users who use the IP authentication feature preventing from having to log in when they view a doc from alerts results, a federated search tool or via other external links.   Academic users who log in via a different login screen.       

     Billing feature: Billing is closely linked to Access Control. There are different levels of subscription and naturally different billing methods depending on the subscription type. The typical levels of subscription are:
         Users with subscription to every feature of the application   Users with subscription to parts of the application where other content outside their subscription is completely blocked.   Users with subscription to parts of the application where other content outside their subscription is on a Pay per View (PPV) basis.
 
Billing events are generated for the activities such as searching, Viewing documents including PDFs, document delivery and acceptance of PPV items.
 
Another feature within billing is the ability to use Client ID against billable activity to distinguish between research carried out for one client and another.
       

     Web API feature: There are specific software providers who offer a range of federated searching tools for academic and commercial sectors. Web API Feature is an interface between the application and third party software providers in order to support federated searching. The Web API currently offers a search service and using third party software, a search request is sent to the application, and search results are returned to the end user. It is capable of searching all of the content collections configured for the application and searching on any of the configured fields appropriate to each collection. All the applications&#39; collection sets and content sources would be available to the Federated searching tools. This is configurable to suit the end users needs, therefore bespoke collections sets that allow the users to search 2 specific content types at the same time could be created. There is also flexibility in the feature to search across all or specific fields available on basic and advanced templates for each collection as each customer will have different requirements for a federated search. 
     The search results displayed to the user are the same as if the search had been conducted within the application and contains all relevant links. By clicking links users can access the Document Display feature within the application, and view their selected document. Users also have the ability to be able to edit their search and conduct searches outside the Federated Search tool. 
     Linkbuilder: The Linkbuilder feature is a user interface to build deep links and allow users to create direct links to content on the application. A link can be created to a search template, a search result or to a specific document on the application. Links created can incorporate IP and Athens authentication if required and the links be used for purposes such as bulletins, reading lists or for publishing on intranets. This feature is access controlled, can be switched on and off as required. 
     Help Page Feature: Help pages within the application provided the user with everything they need to use the application, from the basics to more advanced techniques to get the most from the service. Help pages detail the features available within the application and how to use them, information about the source of the content, and also provides contact information on how to contact Customer Support teams. In some embodiments, help pages are accessed via links from any screen but would typically be available from on search templates for all content types and at all levels of the tocectory, and for features such as Alerts and RSS feeds. 
     Questionnaire Feature: The training tutorial is an interactive tool designed to guide users through every aspect of the application. At the end of the Tutorial the user is able to test their knowledge of the application with an interactive test consisting of multiple choice questions. Once the user has completed the test successfully they are able to download a Training Certificate. 
     In addition to the master user interface  1241  and master feature set  1242 , master application modules include integration capability responsive to configuration files  123  to create a country-specific application instance  125 . Generally, these instances are created at startup of the server; however, in some embodiments they are persisted in memory between startups. 
     Coupled via wireless or wired network connection to servers  120  and  130  are respective sets of access devices  140  and  150 . In the exemplary embodiment, each access device takes the form of a personal computer, workstation, personal digital assistant, mobile telephone, or any other device capable of providing an effective user interface with a server or database. /Though not shown in  FIG. 1 , each access device includes a processor module, one or more processors (or processing circuits), a memory, a display, a keyboard, and a graphical pointer or selector. In operation, each of the access devices enables access to databases  110  through interaction with one of serves  120  or  130 . The access devices may operate as thin clients or thick clients depending on their specific hardware configurations and how much of the country specific application software the devices host. 
     Exemplary Operation 
       FIG. 2  shows a flow chart  200  of one or more exemplary methods of operating a system, such as system  100 . Flow chart  200  includes blocks  210 - 230 , which, like other blocks in this description, are arranged and described in a serial sequence in the exemplary embodiment. However, some embodiments execute two or more blocks in parallel using multiple processors or processor-like devices or a single processor organized as two or more virtual machines or sub processors. Some embodiments also alter the process sequence or provide different functional partitions to achieve analogous results. For example, some embodiments may alter the client-server allocation of functions, such that functions shown and described on the server side are implemented in whole or in part on the client side, and vice versa. Moreover, still other embodiments implement the blocks as two or more interconnected hardware modules with related control and data signals communicated between and through the modules. Thus, the exemplary process flow applies to software, hardware, and firmware implementations. 
     Block  210  entails receiving first and second sets of one or more configuration files. In the exemplary embodiment, the configuration files are XML files, and they include parameters for enabling or disabling one or more legal research application features of respective first and second master legal research application feature sets. These legal research sets are identical and are stored in different servers in the exemplary embodiment. However, in some embodiments, one of the legal research feature sets may include features not contained in the other. 
     Block  220  entails defining first and second country specific legal search applications based on the first and second configuration files and the master legal research application feature sets. In the exemplary embodiment, the resulting country specific legal research applications are stored in respective first and second web servers. 
     Block  230  entails first and second users in different countries accessing data using the first and second country specific legal research applications. In the exemplary embodiment, this access may entail use of one or more of the features selectively enabled by the corresponding configuration file. One such feature is the “TOCetory,” a portmanteau term formed from table of contents (TOC) and directory. A tocectory allows a user to navigate from the highest level in the site design down to an individual document by clicking through the hierarchical structure (TOCs  116 ,  FIG. 1 ). A search template can exist at each level in the hierarchy. The scope of the search corresponds to the user&#39;s location within the hierarchy. 
     CONCLUSION 
     The embodiments described above are intended only to illustrate and teach one or more ways of practicing or implementing the present invention, not to restrict its breadth or scope. The actual scope of the invention, which embraces all ways of practicing or implementing the teachings of the invention, is defined only by the following claims and their equivalents.