Abstract:
A method and system for providing enhanced encoding and correction capability while retaining backward compatibility with existing DVB-T transport systems is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of encoding a plurality of transport stream bytes into a transport stream matrix, wherein each column of said matrix represents a predetermined number of encoded transport stream bytes and a known number of parity bytes, and encoding said encoded bytes within said columns within corresponding ones of rows of said matrix, wherein a known number of parity bytes are associated with said encoded bytes within said row.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]    Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T) is a standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television proposed by the DVB European-1 based consortium This system transmits compressed digital audio, video and other data in an MPEG transport stream, using OFDM modulation with concatenated channel coding (i.e. COFDM). 
         [0002]    OFDM transmission systems work by splitting the digital data stream into a large number of slower digital streams, each of which digitally modulate a set of closely spaced adjacent carrier frequencies, rather than carrying the data on a single radio frequency carrier,. In the case of DVB-T, there are two choices for the number of carriers known as 2K or 8K. These are actually 1705 or 6817 carriers that are approximately 4 kHz or 1 kHz apart, depending on whether it&#39;s a transmission channel of 8, 7, or 6 MHz. DVB-T also offers many other transmission choices of digital modulation (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM) and Code rate—forward error correction (FEC). This allows broadcasters to trade off payload data capacity versus improved reliability of reception in different reception conditions. 
         [0003]    DVB-T as a digital transmission delivers data in a series of discrete blocks at the clock or symbol rate. DVB-T includes a “Guard Interval” feature where the receiver ignores the data for a short period around the time when the data changes. Within limits, this allows for the receiver to ignore the effects of multipath reception. 
         [0004]    However, due to the short time interleaving in present DVB-T systems, present DVB-T systems suffer from short disturbances caused by impulsive noise that may occur with the channel. Thus, in a Digital Video Broadcast-Handheld (DVB-H) system, which is a superset of the DVB-T system, an additional forward error correction layer is employed to improve the error performance. However, a disadvantage of this using the addition FEC layer is that the DVB-H system is no longer backward compatible to the existing DVB-T standard. 
         [0005]    Accordingly, there is a need in the industry for a method and system that provides for a very high performance in a DVB-H system with low additional overhead and provides for backward compatibility with existing DVB-T systems. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]    A method and system for providing enhanced encoding and correction capability while retaining backward compatibility with existing DVB-T transport systems is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of encoding a plurality of transport stream bytes into a transport stream matrix, wherein each column of said matrix represents a predetermined number of encoded transport stream bytes and a known number of parity bytes, and encoding said encoded bytes within said columns within corresponding ones of rows of said matrix, wherein a known number of parity bytes are associated with said encoded bytes within said row. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0007]    The features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0008]      FIG. 1  illustrates a transmission format in accordance with the principles of the invention; 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  illustrates a process for implementing the transmission format shown in  FIG. 1 : 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  illustrates a system for implementing the processing shown in  FIG. 2 . 
       
    
    
       [0011]    It is to be understood that these drawings are solely for purposes of illustrating the concepts of the invention and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. The embodiments shown in the figures herein and described in the accompanying detailed description are to be used as illustrative embodiments and should not be construed as the only manner of practicing the invention. Also, the same reference numerals, possibly supplemented with reference characters where appropriate, have been used to identify similar elements. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0012]      FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary format of a backward compatible DVB-T transmission packet in accordance with the principles of the invention. Referring to  FIG. 1 , there is shown an exemplary matrix consisting of 228 MPEG-2 transport stream packets including the sixteen (16) Reed-Solomon parity bytes (columns). Reed-Solomon encoding is well known in the art and need not be discussed in detail herein. 
         [0013]    The packets are inserted into the matrix column by column, from the left to the right. Thus every column represents a usual TS packet of 204 bytes (188 bytes and 16 parity bytes). Sixteen additional Reed-Solomon parity bytes are then calculated line by line (228 useful bytes and 16 parity bytes). For this calculation of the additional parity bytes, the same Reed-Solomon encoder may be employed using a different code shortening factor. Or a different Reed-Solomon encoder may be used. Because of the linearity of the applied code, every column and every row inside the matrix represents a valid codeword. Hence, the correction can be done in an iterative way insider the receiver. That is, the correction may be done in the columns (MPEG-2 TS packets), then in the rows and again in the columns and continuing this pattern until correction is completed. Additional enhancements of the error correcting process are possible by taking advantage of channel state information. 
         [0014]    In order to remain compliant with the existing DVB-T standard, the additional parity bytes are transmitted with conventional MPEG-2 transport system packets. Thus, a special transport stream PID (Packet Identification) is assigned exclusively to the parity packets. Additionally, a part of the packet carries information on the position of the parity bits inside the matrix. 
         [0015]    In order to improve the performance, partly destroyed packets may be used for error correction. Thus, only reliance on the unique PID associated with the additional parity bits is not sufficient as the PID field may be destroyed or not recoverable. Accordingly, a fixed framing structure is further employed wherein additionally parity bits may be inserted in every n th  TS packet. For example, additional parity bits may be inserted in every 13 th  TS packet. 
         [0016]    Accordingly, the PID and additional data fields within TS packets are used for synchronization if the packet is received correctly. In order to ensure correctness, an additional CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Code) is calculated over the PID and the position description of the parity bytes inside the matrix. 
         [0017]      FIG. 2  illustrates a flow chart  200  of a process for inserting additional parity bits in accordance with the principles of the invention. At block  210 ,  228  Transport Stream packets (TS) are received. At block  220 , the  228  TS packets are encoded using, for example, well-known Reed-Solomon (R-S) encoding such that each column of the transport matrix ( FIG. 1 ) represent 188 bytes of the transport stream and 16 R-S parity bytes. The parity bits within a column are associated with the transport bytes within the corresponding column. At block  230  16 additional R-S parity bytes may be calculated line by line (row-by-row). For the calculation of these additional 16 R-S parity bytes may be formulated using the same or different R-S encoder using a different R-S code. Thus, each row and each column in matrix  100  represents a valid codeword such that correction may be performed in an iterative manner within a receiving unit. For example, a correction may be performed on the columns, then on the rows and then again on the columns until no further corrections are necessary. 
         [0018]    At block  240  the formulated matrix of encoded TS bytes is output. 
         [0019]    In another aspect of the invention, invention a special Packet Identification (PID) code may be assigned exclusively to the parity packets. Additionally, information regarding the position of the parity bytes inside the matrix  100  is allocated to a small part of the matrix  100 . In another embodiment, a fixed framing structure may be included wherein every n th  (e.g., 13 th ) transport stream packet may include additional parity bytes. The PID code and additional data field inside the TS packets may be, in this case, used of synchronization. In another aspect, a Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) may be calculated over the PID and the position description of the parity bytes within the matrix. 
         [0020]      FIG. 3  illustrates a system  300  for implementing the principles of the invention as depicted in the exemplary processing shown in  FIG. 2 . In this exemplary system embodiment  300 , input data is received from sources  305  over network  350  and is processed in accordance with one or more programs, either software or firmware, executed by processing system  310 . The results of processing system  310  may then be transmitted over network  370  for viewing on display  380 , reporting device  390  and/or a second processing system  395 . 
         [0021]    Specifically, processing system  310  includes one or more input/output devices  340  that receive data from the illustrated source devices  305  over network  350 . The received data is then applied to processor  320 , which is in communication with input/output device  340  and memory  330 . Input/output devices  340 , processor  320  and memory  330  may communicate over a communication medium  325 . Communication medium  325  may represent a communication network, e.g., ISA, PCI, PCMCIA bus, one or more internal connections of a circuit, circuit card or other device, as well as portions and combinations of these and other communication media. Processing system  310  and/or processor  320  may be representative of a handheld calculator, special purpose or general purpose processing system, desktop computer, laptop computer, palm computer, or personal digital assistant (PDA) device, etc., as well as portions or combinations of these and other devices that can perform the operations illustrated. 
         [0022]    Processor  320  may be a central processing unit (CPU) or dedicated hardware/software, such as a PAL, ASIC, FGPA, operable to execute computer instruction code or a combination of code and logical operations. In one embodiment, processor  320  may include code which, when executed by the processor, performs the operations illustrated herein. The code may be contained in memory  330 , may be read or downloaded from a memory medium such as a CD-ROM or floppy disk, represented as  383 , may be provided by a manual input device  385 , such as a keyboard or a keypad entry, or may be read from a magnetic or optical medium  387  when needed. In this case, the computer readable medium encoded with a computer program is a computer element that defines structural and functional interrelationships between the computer program and the rest of the computer which permit the computer grogram&#39;s functionality to be realized. 
         [0023]    Information items provided by input device  383 ,  385  and/or magnetic medium  387  may be accessible to processor  320  through input/output device  340 , as shown or through either network  350  and/or  370 . Further, the data received by input/output device  340  may be immediately accessible by processor  320  or may be stored in memory  330 . Processor  320  may further provide the results of the processing to display  380 , recording device  390  or a second processing unit  395 . 
         [0024]    As one skilled in the art would recognize, the terms processor, processing system, computer or computer system may represent one or more processing units in communication with one or more memory units and other devices, e.g., peripherals, connected electronically to and communicating with the at least one processing unit. Furthermore, the devices illustrated may be electronically connected to the one or more processing units via internal busses, e.g., serial, parallel, ISA bus, microchannel bus, PCI bus, PCMCIA bus, USB, etc., or one or more internal connections of a circuit, circuit card or other device, as well as portions and combinations of these and other communication media, or an external network, e.g., the Internet and Intranet. In other embodiments, hardware circuitry may be used in place of, or in combination with, software instructions to implement the invention. For example, the elements illustrated herein may also be implemented as discrete hardware elements or may be integrated into a single unit. As would be understood, the operations illustrated may be performed sequentially or in parallel using different processors to determine specific values. 
         [0025]    Memory  330  comprises means for writing and reading, either sequentially or simultaneously, data in or from different addresses within the memory. Preferably memory  330  comprises a read port and a write port. A read port is understood to mean a port suitable for reading data, which does not exclude that data are also written in this port. Similarly, a write port is understood to mean a port suitable for writing data, which does not exclude that data are also read through this port. 
         [0026]    Processing system  310  may also be in two-way communication with each of the sources  305 . Processing system  310  may further receive or transmit data over one or more network connections from a server or servers over, e.g., a global computer communications network such as the Internet, Intranet, a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a local area network (LAN), a terrestrial broadcast system, a cable network, a satellite network, a wireless network, or a telephone network (POTS), as well as portions or combinations of these and other types of networks. As will be appreciated, networks  350  and  370  may also be internal networks or one or more internal connections of a circuit, circuit card or other device, as well as portions and combinations of these and other communication media or an external network, e.g., the Internet and Intranet. 
         [0027]    While there has been shown, described, and pointed out fundamental novel features of the present invention as applied to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the apparatus described, in the form and details of the devices disclosed, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, although the invention has been described with regard to a matrix of 228 columns, it would be within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to alter the number of columns and, thus, such alterations is considered within the scope of invention claimed. 
         [0028]    It is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements that perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within the scope of the invention. Substitutions of elements from one described embodiment to another are also fully intended and contemplated.