Abstract:
A method and apparatus are generally disclosed for presenting predictively and graphically administering a networked system in a time dimension. The method of the invention presents a status of each of a set of networked components. The method includes the step of determining time data. The time data represents a reference time associated with the status information. The method also includes the step of identifying which of the network system components to present. The method further includes the steps of determining status data associated with each of the identified network system components based on the time data, and outputting a depiction of each identified network system component based on the status data. An apparatus and article of manufacture for carrying out the steps of the method are also disclosed.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS, IF ANY  
       [0001]    This application is a Continuation of U.S. Provisional Patent Application having Serial No. 60/131,018 filed on Apr. 26, 1999, which is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/408,213 filed Sep. 17, 1999, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 08/829,919 filed Jul. 15, 1997, which is a continuation of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/021,980 filed Jul. 18, 1996. Each of these related applications are incorporated by reference, herein. 
     
    
     
       STATEMENT AS TO RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE UNDER FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, IF ANY  
         [0002]    This patent is not based upon any federally sponsored research and development.  
         BACKGROUND  
         [0003]    Applicants&#39; system is in the field of software-implemented methods, systems and articles of manufacture for predictively and graphically administering networks, computers, software systems, logical networks or other components of an information system in a time dimension.  
           [0004]    Existing enterprise management application software has very limited ability to index events against time. Using such typical prior art software, a system administrator usually views a system or a malfunctioning component of a system at the present moment, with references to past events being limited to a possible static charting or displaying of historical events. Viewing a past event dynamically at a past point in time cannot be accomplished.  
           [0005]    Predicting and viewing future events, and displaying those events by scrolling forward or backward in time, in a way analogous to viewing events as when forwarding or rewinding videotapes while viewing the videotape, has not been possible.  
           [0006]    Every organization is subject to chronic conditions comprising combinations of events or particular mixes of workload which tend to lead to problem scenarios occurring. Applicants&#39; system enables users to detect and correct these conditions before they cause serious difficulties.  
           [0007]    These different types of chronic conditions have a number of features in common: in order to detect the condition before a failure actually occurs it is useful to retain historical information on the various health factors; the trends in the historical information of the health factors should be continually monitored to predict the onset of a failure; some failures only happen when multiple trigger-factors occur in combination. It is therefore useful to monitor the overall combination of health factors to find usage patterns which typically lead to failures occurring; and the interactions may be so complex that it may not be possible to logically determine which patterns of events can lead to a failure. So a heuristic capability is advsiable which can look for similarities in patterns across a period of time and learn through experience to recognize problem situations.  
           [0008]    An application program that allows users to navigate among complex data structures often uses the technique of drill-down: at any one level in the view, you can enter some entity visible in the user interface (an icon, an entry in a list, a 3-D object in a scene, or something similar) and see its contents.  
           [0009]    Many different variations of this concept exists. The entities may be elements of a program, chapters in a document, items in a catalog, computers and routers managed in a network. The contents may be further objects of the same type, having properties such as price and materials, or statistical measures such as performance and load. To enter the entity, you might double-click, fly into the object in a 3-D scene, or use any other technique.  
           [0010]    This drill-down technique is useful, but it has some disadvantages. The operator may have to drill down into several entities, each time going back out to the outer level; the drilldown itself may take more time and more interaction than is convenient; and one cannot readily compare the contents or properties of several items at the same time.  
           [0011]    Because existing information management tools have looked at a system being managed from a single point in time, management tools have been reactive rather than predictive. Only when a problem actually arose was there a reactive solution.  
         SUMMARY  
         [0012]    Applicants&#39; system enables a user to predictively manage information systems in multiple dimensions including a time dimension.  
           [0013]    Applicants&#39; system further enables a user to observe the managed enterprise over time, learn its behavior patterns, and predict with quantifiable accuracy the future outcomes of current events and processes. This allows illustratively, redistribution of resources before a managed network slows to a point of ineffectiveness due to overburdened or malfunctioning components. Planning of upgrades and avoiding crippling problems before they occur are made possible by applicants&#39; system.  
           [0014]    Applicants&#39; system also provides an administrative system that is self-adapting to system changes and emerging technologies, and through such ability to self-manage to provide cost and time savings to information technology organizations and administrators as the managed system grows.  
           [0015]    Applicants&#39; system employs tools familiar to operators, such as tool bars analogous to the common VCR. Illustratively, applicants&#39; system uses VCR buttons to allow information technology managers to view current condition, by “fast-forwarding” through predicted conditions or by “rewinding” to view past conditions. This enables a user of applicants&#39; system to decide when and how to prevent problems.  
           [0016]    Applicants&#39; system also provides the capability to detect and resolve these chronic conditions. A number of components contribute to the solution: the means of storing large amounts of historical status information; an analysis engine which can detect patterns and trends; derived formulae that relate patterns and trends to potential problem scenarios; and a means of presenting this complex information to administrators.  
           [0017]    Further, applicants&#39; system enables a user to look at system component status data at various points in time, both historical time and future time. For times in the future, the system provides status information based on predicted, planned, budgeted or scheduled information; for times in the past, status information is based on actual information, but may also utilize old predictions, plans, budgets and schedules that have since been overtaken by reality. The information that the system looks at includes configuration data, events, status, numerical quantities and many other kinds of data. The system may contain many user interfaces for reviewing this kind of data.  
           [0018]    Applicants&#39; system also provides the “time travel” capability to all these user interfaces. In these cases, the user might like to be able to move to a point in time (in the past or in the future), and review the data using any one of the available user interfaces, make any kind of selection available through these user interfaces, and navigate in the same way that is possible under normal circumstances. In many cases, it is desirable to have a single time selection apply to all the windows that are open in the system&#39;s user interface on a single computer.  
           [0019]    Applicants&#39; system enables the user to navigate not only spatially, but also through time by use of a virtual device allowing an administrator to scroll forward or backward in time. Such device is analogous to using a VCR, while watching the graphical events unfold in an enhanced, virtual world view. A system administrator using applicants&#39; system may use a three-dimensional interface&#39;s ability to logically depict correlations and properties that are not apparent in existing systems.  
           [0020]    Applicants&#39; system allows the selection of information to apply to other user interfaces. The user interface of the system contains several other facilities that act to select what information is to be shown in the other user interfaces. There are a number of filtering facilities, based on class membership, parameter values such as status, importance and load, and membership in a business process or other group of objects. There is sometimes a need to have these selections apply across all the windows of the system&#39;s user interface at the same time, the same way as the time travel selection does.  
           [0021]    Advantageously, applicants&#39; system facilitates “drill-down” functionality by use of an intelligent, virtual magnifying glass which a user can place over a geographic area, subsystem or component, by manipulation of familiar tool bars and other controls, view or magnify additional detail of interest, either at the present time, in the past, or in the future.  
           [0022]    The forward-looking capability is provided by applicants&#39; system by use of neural network agents which allows for fast-forward scrolling presented through a world view interface.  
           [0023]    Applicants&#39; system combines time dimension functions with the automatic identification of system components and resources. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0024]    [0024]FIG. 1 shows an overall architecture of applicants&#39; system with illustrative deployment of neural network agents throughout the administered system.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 2 shows the VCR analogy of applicants&#39; system for controls allowing scrolling backward or forward in time.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 3 is an illustration of the control panel with the time navigation area opened, and the time travel buttons visible. Other controls are visible on the control panel.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 4 is an illustration of the control panel with the time navigation area closed, hidden by a translucent piece of glass.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 5 is a Windows desktop with various icons and windows, showing the control panel docked along the left edge.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 6 is the same window shown in FIG. 5, but with the same window with the control panel floating.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 7 shows the appearance of the user-friendly Intelligent Magnifying Glass (“IMG”) used to “drill down” to additional detail for the subsystem, area, or components “under” such magnifying glass in a time dimension. The Intelligent Magnifying Glass is in the lower right of FIG. 7, over an application that shows 3-dimensional objects over a map. The magnifying glass is not over any object, so it is essentially clear, showing only clear glass and metal, with some reflections and shadows.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 8 shows the Intelligent Magnifying Glass when placed over an object. The magnifying glass identifies the object by turning the lower area into nearly opaque frosted glass, with identifying text and other useful parameters display on top of it. The magnifying glass itself remains clear until some further action is taken.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 9 shows the Intelligent Magnifying Glass when placed over an object with some sort of problem status. The magnifying glass indicates the problem status by turning the metal red, and shining a red light on the lower glass pane.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 10 shows the Intelligent Magnifying Glass after being placed over an object experiencing a problem: the magnifying glass then reaches down into the critical object, identifies the source of the problem (or some other interesting object) and displays it, in this case in the form of a 3-D object.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 11 shows the Intelligent Magnifying Glass, having received a request, displaying fly-out panels that display further information about the object, using various visual representations—charts, tables, text, whatever is chosen by the application. In this illustration, the magnifying glass is shown correctly, but in operation it would be sitting over an object. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0035]    Applicants&#39; system comprises an information system management method that uses trained neural network agents dispersed throughout the networked enterprise to provide information relevant to the administrative and management function in a time dimension. The architecture of the method is shown in FIG. 1. The method is implemented by providing a user interface with controls analogous to those of a VCR for scrolling through time, as illustrated in FIG. 2, or with an intelligent magnifying glass with similar controls, and as illustrated in FIG. 7. Time travel is controlled by Tool Bar (“TTB”) (displayed on the bottom of the screen depicted in FIG. 2). The TTB controls the entire screen; there is no need for separate TTB&#39;s within each window. A user only has to learn one set of controls to review historical or future dates. This architecture avoids the need to redesign the entire architecture of the user interface and the administrative system.  
         [0036]    Applicants&#39; system achieves time scrolling without global impact on an existing administrative system by use of time-dimension architecture, e.g., a historian object database is used which stores time series data. This avoids the need to change an existing interface which has the pre-existing capability to receive event notification data. The historian&#39;s data includes past and future. Future data includes includes (1) schedules, (2) predictions from neural network agents, and (3) manually inputted data.  
         [0037]    An object repository feeds information to the historian database (as well as to communications pipelines) without affecting other parts of system; the object repository simply notifies one more resource (the historian, in addition to the communications pipeline). The user interface refers to and presents data based on the VCR controls, and the VCR controls determine the time data used by the historian. This architecture allows time travel which is accompanied (by use of historian as the one more resource to be notified by the repository) with minimum disruption of an existing and extensive administrative system such as that described in application Ser. No. 08/829,919. Minimal impact and disruption on such an existing system is also achieved by using a single set of VCR-style controls.  
         [0038]    Other embodiments include a historian (time series data) folded into or merged into a main data base repository, a historian used with each manager or a historian on every agent.  
         [0039]    A historian-within-every-agent can keep certain information (e.g., on a specific hard drive) on hand locally to be accessed only on the rare occasions when the historical data on that specific component was requested.  
         [0040]    “Historian” data could be kept locally and off-loaded to a central historian at low-use hours (e.g., 3:00 a.m.). A “forgetting” agent could be added to any of the above (central historian, local historian). This would automatically delete information no longer significant, and would increase the available storage (e.g., disc) space by discarding less important data.  
         [0041]    In other embodiments, the historian database can be programmed to filter out data, for example, older than three months or to filter out data on different computers for different times. Alternatively, neural agents could determine what and when to discard data based on patterns of requests.  
         [0042]    “Neural network agents” are intelligent agents deployed across the network. These agents provide fuzzy logic and predictive analysis techniques to elevate potential problem scenarios to higher levels in the organizational chain. Fuzzy or lee-way logic is quite different to normal computing algorithms in that there is no single ‘correct’ answer but instead a range of acceptable conditions. The neural network agents learn by examining historical data to find which patterns and trends lead to unacceptable conditions. This learning process includes the monitoring of collections of components treated as a single entity. It is known as ‘unstructured learning’ since relationships are not calculated but discovered through experience.  
         [0043]    Formulae are established which relate combinations of different events and conditions to end results, and heuristics are applied to refine these formulae. The Neural network agents also detect, from a complex collection of simultaneous factors, which events and conditions have a real impact on problem occurrences and which ones are simply ‘noise’ that can be ignored in the future. Neural network agents are fully integrated into the administrative system environment and interact with defined rules and policies to determine what performance criteria are acceptable. The neural network agents operate as disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/084,620 filed on May 26, 1998, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. Further, the system may include the automatic identification of all or selected portions of the components comprising the administered network.  
         [0044]    A user interface is arranged with controls that allow a user to make these operations as illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4,  5  and  6 . Its exterior lay-out and controls are selected to be familiar to users who typically have become familiar with VCR and remote control units. The controls are placed on an area, called here the control panel, that is given the appearance of a physical piece of equipment, with buttons on it for moving backward and forward in time. These buttons could support a number of different ways of traveling, including: manually scrolling back and forth; playing backward and forward; adjusting playback speed; stopping; skipping back or forward to the next significant event; skipping back or forward in specific increments, such as one hour or one day; skipping back a specific increment and start playback for review purposes; jumping to a specific bookmark; and/or returning to normal operation (real-time monitoring).  
         [0045]    In addition, the control panel contains other controls for activating filters of different types. These controls can take different forms, depending on what type of filtering is provided. The control panel is made to resemble a physical piece of equipment, made out of metal, plastic and glass, through the use of textures, lighting effects and shadows. For example, when it is not used, the time travel area on the control panel takes the appearance of being hidden by a pane of translucent, black glass. As illustrated in FIG. 7, when it is used, the pane of glass slides up, revealing the time travel buttons. To disable time travel, the user slides the pane of glass down again. The entire control, with its appearance of a physical device, can be docked along the left or right edge of the monitor. It can also be disconnected from the edge and used like a remote control for a video tape recorder.  
         [0046]    The application that might make use of the facility shown in FIG. 5 is not shown, since its specific appearance is not relevant: in principle, applicants&#39; system could apply to any application, including the standard Windows Explorer shown here. Note that the control panel registers itself with Windows as a standard toolbar, thus ensuring that icons and windows are moved over so they are not obscured. This leaves the Windows desktop unaffected, and the icons on the desktop take their ordinary position, in the upper left corner.  
         [0047]    The Intelligent Magnifying Glass aspect of applicants&#39; system, which facilitates “drillingdown” to more detailed information, is illustrated in FIGS. 7 through 11 and provides a quick and convenient tool for reaching down and bringing up information for display. This graphically takes the form of an “intelligent magnifying glass.” The IMG may be moved over the display, and when placed over an object, information about the object is generated and displayed. This display may take many forms. When the main display shows 3-dimensional representations of the objects, the magnifying glass may bring up a 3-D view of an internal object that has the key problem. Once an interesting object has been located, the magnifying glass can display specialized information about the object on fly-out panels. This information may take many forms, depending on the type of object and on the user&#39;s request.  
         [0048]    All the specific choices of visual representation used within the magnifying glass and its associated surfaces are under the control of the underlying application program and its database. The specific unique features of this aspect of applicants&#39; system are: the visual appearance, with the glass-and-metal magnifying glass, devoid of all information when it is empty; the way an object is identified when the magnifying glass appears over an object, in the text area underneath; the way the status of the object is reflected in the red coloration of the metal edges and the red light shining on the text area; the ability of the magnifying glass to drill down into the contents of the selected item, choose an interesting item based on some decision-making rule defined by the application, and visualize the selected object, using a visualization determined by the application; the fly-out panels that display relevant information, with content and visualization determined by the application; the translucent (not completely opaque) appearance of the text area, to simulate the appearance of a frosted glass pane; and the translucent (not completely transparent) appearance of the magnifying glass, to simulate a glass pane.  
         [0049]    Applicants&#39; system also addresses the task of inputting the huge amount of meta-data which defines the components of the environment and the network connections between them. The management tools have to be aware of components before they can be monitored or managed. The automatic discovery function of applicants&#39; system allows it to investigate the network to find all networked objects and resources including: system model, CPU type, network cards, routers, hubs, gateways, management applications, databases and applications for which agents exist. Secondary level discovery uses rules to discover other software for which no agent has been implemented. It documents the discovered components in the object repository.  
         [0050]    The automatic discovery process also seeks out any intelligent agents which have been installed and documents these along with the physical components. Applicants&#39; system also utilizes logical groupings of software and processes managed by agents which would otherwise escape categorization. This enables the capability of extending the system to include the management of new types of components. Business process views can be defined against objects representing physical or logical components in any combination to provide great flexibility in assigning responsibilities.  
         [0051]    Implementation of applicants&#39; system is facilitated through use of the methods and apparatus set forth in the contemporaneously filed Provisional Application entitled “Method and Apparatus for Maintaining Data Integrity Across Distributed Computer Systems” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.  
         [0052]    Persons of ordinary skill in the art possess the skill to implement the above disclosures and to recognize that other implementations of the preferred embodiment may be made. Such other implementations are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.