Abstract:
A method of compiling transmitter-to-receiver relationships in a radio system is disclosed. The radio system includes at least two receivers (B 48,  B 42 ) and at least one transmitter (MS 1 ) located in at least one radio coverage area (C 42 ) of the receivers (B 42 ). The method for a single transmitter (MS 1 ) includes the steps of: first, sending a signal (ARM) having known power (Put) on a transmission channel allocated to the transmitter (MS 1 ). Next, in at least one of the receivers (B 48,  B 42 ), the power received (S 48,  S 42 ) from the transmitted signal ( 2,  ACCESS) is measured. The transmitted signal is guaranteed to be a solitary signal upon reception. The amplification (g{circumflex over ( )} 48,  g{circumflex over ( )} 42 ) of the signal (ARM) received in the receiver is then calculated. Finally, the calculated amplification (g{circumflex over ( )} 48,  g{circumflex over ( )} 42 ) is stored in a storage location in the radio system.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a method and to an arrangement for compiling the transmitter-receiver relationship in a radio system. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     A radio connection can be established between a transmitter and a receiver in a radio communications system. The connection is two-directional, and one refers to a downlink that forms the connection in a direction away from a base station in the radio communications system to a mobile station, and an uplink which forms the connection in the opposite direction, i.e. from the mobile station to the base station. Transmission and reception of radio traffic for different connections takes place on radio channels that can be defined by a given frequency in an FDMA system (Frequency Division Multiple Access) or by a combination of a given frequency and a given time slot in a system that uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). 
     The radio channels available in an FDMA system and a TDMA system can be reused. Thus, the signal strength received in a receiver on a radio channel may include a signal strength contribution from all transmitters that transmit on this radio channel. The distance between two transmitters that transmit on one and the same radio channel, the so-called repetitive distance will preferably be sufficiently great to ensure that the desired received signal is not subjected unduly to co-channel interference. 
     By interference is meant the sum of the signal strengths of all undesirable signals received on the radio channel used. These undesirable signals derive primarily from other connections that use the same radio channel in neighbouring cells of the radio communications system. 
     A poor connection of unacceptable quality in a radio communications system may be due, among other things, to the fact that the ratio between the signal strength of the desired signal and the interference is too low. The signal strength ratio between the desired signal (carrier) and the disturbing signals (interference) is normally given as the C/I ratio (Carrier to Interference ratio) and is a measurement of channel quality. 
     The U.S. Pat. No. 5,157,709—Ohteru, teaches an adaptive radio communications system that includes a control station which sets up an interference matrix for the interference values between base stations. Each base station measures power levels on signals that are received on unoccupied radio channels. Information relating to received power levels on unoccupied radio channels is forwarded to the control station together with the radio channel and base station identity. The control station generates on the basis of this information an interference matrix which is used in adaptive allocation of channels to the base stations. U.S. Pat. No. 5,603,092—Stjernholm, also teaches a method of estimating interference. The interference is used for statistical evaluation. Measuring of traffic in other cells is carried out in both cases, i.e. in both Ohteru and Stjernholm. When frequencies are repeated by different transmitters located at different distances from a receiver, the strength of the signal received from these transmitters will vary. When several transmitters send simultaneously on one and the same channel, it is normally only possible to identify the strongest signal. The result is that only a few observations are obtained from remote cells. The method to Ohteru involves creating an interference matrix that contains information relating to mutually interfering cells and how often such interference occurs. The method does not, on the other hand, involve transmitter-receiver amplification between the cells. The method taught by Stjernholm involves measuring the magnitude of the interference. The magnitude of the interference magnitude, however, will depend on transmission power. One drawback in this regard is that dynamic power regulation results in difficulties in power level distribution, when said level changes. Furthermore, difficulties arise in measuring the relationship of a receiver to a remote transmitter when the power output of these transmitters is maintained at a low level in order to avoid interference situations. 
     When creating a frequency plan in a radio system for instance, it is desirable to know what affect an individual transmitter in a relatively wide area in the system will have on receivers in the system. It is also desirable to compile in a simple fashion information where relationships between each individual transmitter, irrespective of its transmitted power, and each receiver can be predicted. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention addresses the problem of compiling information that is indicative of how an individual transmitter in a radio system will influence a receiver in the system, i.e. establish a relationship between a transmitter and receiver, in a simple manner. Another problem addressed by the invention is to establish how one or more different transmitters in a radio system each influence one or more receivers in the system, and to compile this information in a form suited for later use. 
     The problems addressed by the invention are solved by measuring the amplification of a signal transmitted with known power by a transmitter. Upon reception in one or more receivers, the signal is guaranteed to be a solitary signal, i.e. a lone signal, received at a given point in time or at a given geographical position. The method is repeated for several transmitters and the values measured are combined in a central unit in the system. 
     More specifically, the problems are solved by sending from a transmitter a radio signal of known power. The signal is guaranteed to be a solitary signal by choosing a certain type of signal for reception, this signal type being sent solely during a relatively short period on a channel which is essentially silent. The power of the signal is measured upon reception in one or more receivers and the amplification is calculated for each received signal as the quotient between received power and transmitted power. The calculated amplification value is stored in a storage location together with information disclosing the whereabouts of the transmitter in the radio system when transmitting the signal. The method is repeated with other transmitters in the system. A matrix comprising relationships between transmitter and receiver is stored in a central unit in the system. 
     An object of the present invention is to create in a simple manner a dynamic matrix that shows the relationships between transmitters that are located in different radio trafficked areas in a radio system and receivers in said system. The matrix is used as a measurement of the probability of a transmitter in the radio trafficked area relating to the receiver in a certain way on a later occasion. The matrix is used to improve system performance. 
     One advantage of the invention resides in the simplicity of creating the dynamic transmitter/receiver relationship matrix. The relationship matrix can then be used in connection with frequency planning for instance, subsequent to studying the stored measured values in the relationship matrix and subsequent to determining the probable effect in the system of choosing different frequencies. Alternatively, lists of neighbouring cells, or adjacent cells, can be created in a mobile system subsequent to reading from the matrix the relationship of transmitters to base stations when these transmitters were located in different cell areas of the system. Furthermore, adaptive channel allocation can be made in a radio system subsequent to studying the stored values in the matrix and thereafter determining the interference effect in the system with different channel selections when establishing a connection between a transmitter and a receiver. 
     Another advantage afforded by the invention is that the relational matrix can be established even when low transmitter powers are normally desired, since the transmission of the solitary signal will not interfere with other transmissions. This enables the transmitters to have a higher output power, which, in turn, enables the relational matrix to be created for wide geographical areas. 
     The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to exemplifying embodiments thereof and also with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic view over part of a mobile radio communications system. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates cell areas, of which some are shown in FIG. 1, and a number of switching centres. 
     FIG. 3 is a block schematic illustrating a mobile telecommunications system in which the inventive method is applied. 
     FIG. 4 a  illustrates transmitter/receiver relationships in the form of matrix-contained histograms, these histograms having been generated in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 4 b  shows a histogram in more detail. 
     FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an inventive method of compiling the relationship of a transmitter with different receivers in a mobile telephone system. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Although it is assumed in the following description of the inventive method and of the inventive arrangement that the radio communications system is a DAMPS system, the invention can also be applied to other radio communication systems, analogue systems, such as NET, AMPS systems and also digital systems, such as GSM and PDC systems. The object of the invention is to generate a matrix that contains information as to how different radio stations located in different cell areas of a radio system will affect base stations in the system. The information is then used for frequency planning or for generating lists of neighbouring or adjacent cells, for instance. 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of part of a radio communications system. The radio communications system includes a number of radio stations between which radio communication can take place over radio channels. The radio system is shown as a cellular mobile radio network of the DAMPS kind that includes different base stations. Only a few of the total number of base stations in the network are shown in FIG. 1 a,  e.g. base stations B 42 , B 48 . Each base station has a range within which radio communication with mobile radio stations MS 1 , MS 2  and MS 3  can be carried out. The radio coverage area of the base stations is referred to as the trafficked areas and is shown in FIG. 1 in the form of ovals marked around each base station. The base stations are handled by mobile services switching centres MSC 1  and MSC 2 . FIG. 1 a  and following Figures show only those units of a complete mobile radio system that have been considered significant to the invention. A first mobile MS 1  is located within the radio coverage area of a base station B 42 . This base station is referred to hereinafter as the primary base station B 42 . Radio signals from the first mobile MS 1  can be captured by the primary base station B 42 , wherewith the first mobile MS 1  has a radio relationship to the primary base station B 42 . This radio relationship has been shown in FIG. 1 with a lightening symbol between the mobile MS 1  and the base station B 42 . Another radio relationship has been indicated in FIG. 1 between the first mobile MS 1  and another base station B 48 , the secondary base station B 48 . Although not shown, other secondary radio relationships occur between the mobile and other base stations. The various radio relationships will be explained in more detail further on in the text. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates radio coverage areas, cells, for those base stations that are included in different cell areas handled by different mobile switching centres MSC 1 , MSC 2 , MSC 3  in the radio system. Only a few of the large number of switching centres and cells that are normally contained in a DAMPS system have been shown in the Figure. The cells C 39 -C 66  shown in the Figure have been drawn as hexagons. The cells represent symbolically geographical areas covered by the base stations. The cells that belong to the base stations illustrated in FIG. 1 have also been shown in FIG.  2 . For instance, the cells belonging to the primary base station B 42  and to the secondary base station B 48  have been marked in FIG.  2 . These cells are referred to as the primary cell C 42  and the secondary cell C 48 . The aforementioned first mobile radio station MS 1  is found in FIG. 2 within the primary cell C 42 . The cell areas/base stations handled by the various mobile switching centres MSC 1 , MSC 2  and MSC 3  have been marked in the Figures. The boundaries between the various handling areas have been marked with broken lines between respective cell areas. It will be evident from the FIG. 2 that the primary cell C 42  is handled by the first mobile switching centre MSC 1  and that the secondary cell C 48  is handled by the second mobile switching centre MSC 2 . 
     An exemplifying embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to FIG.  3 . The primary base station B 42  and the secondary base station B 48  are shown in the Figure. The chain lines drawn between the base stations in FIG. 3 indicate that all base stations in the mobile radio system are included, even though only a few base stations B 42 , B 45 , B 48 , B 57 , B 64  and B 66  have been drawn in the Figure. Of all the switching centres included in the mobile radio system, only three switching centres MSC 1 , MSC 2  and MSC 3  have been drawn in the Figure, these switching centres also being shown in FIG.  2 . FIG. 3 shows that a first mobile switching centre MSC 1  is connected to various base stations, of which the primary base station B 42  is one. Similarly, the secondary base station B 48  is one of the base stations that are connected to a second mobile switching centre MSC 2 . All switching centres are connected to a central unit CU, which will be explained in more detail hereinafter. In the illustrated embodiment, each base station includes equipment for measuring signals on radio channels that are transmitted on all the different frequencies that occur in the radio system. Radio signals that are transmitted by transmitters on the different frequencies can be registered in the receiver and the power measured. The strength of received signals depends on the transmission powers of the transmitters that transmit on the radio channel in question, and on the extent to which the various signals have been attenuated on their way from the transmitters to the receiver. This attenuation depends, among other things, on the distance, direction and topology between transmitter and receiver. Attenuation can be seen as the inverse of radio channel amplification. This amplification assumes the values between 0 and 1, i.e. the power decreases along the path from the transmitter to the receiver. Thus, if a signal is attenuated five times, the amplification will be 0.2. Amplification can also be expressed in decibels, in which case the values become negative. The factor by which the transmitted signal strength is multiplied in order to obtain the received signal strength is called here the amplification factor. An amplification factor can assume the values between 0 and 1. Amplification factors will be used in the following description as a measurement of the attenuation in the system. The value of the power of a received, selected radio signal and other information sent from the mobile are stored in a storage location M 42 , M 48  in respective base stations B 42 , B 48 . Each of the mobile switching centres MSC 1 -MSC 3  includes a respective storage units MM 1 , MM 2  and MM 3  to which information that has earlier been stored in the memory locations M 42 , M 48  in respective base stations B 42 , B 48  can be transferred. Each of the mobile switching centres MSC 1 , MSC 2  and MSC 3  is connected to the central unit CU. The central unit includes a matrix storage G into which the information earlier stored in the storage units MM 1 , MM 2  can be transferred. The central unit CU also includes a control unit CTR which commands fetching of information from the switching centres to the central unit CU and calculates amplification values for different received powers. 
     The inventive method begins with the choice of the type of radio signal to be received from the mobiles. The message chosen to be received in the illustrated case and to be measured is an access request message ARM. The access request message is sent by the mobile on a control channel, either when registering the mobile or when access is desired in setting-up a call connection. An access request message also includes the identity of the mobile. The access request message ARM is of very short duration and there is very little likelihood of more than one message being sent simultaneously on one and the same frequency in one and the same limited geographical area. After having chosen the type of signal to be received and measured, the control unit CTR in the central unit CU sends a start message to all mobile switching centres MSC 1 -MSC 3  in the system. The mobile switching centres then instruct all base stations to read information on all control channels in the system, so as to seize or catch access request messages ARM sent from transmitters in the radio system. The method thereafter comprises the following steps: 
     The first mobile MS 1 , which is thus located in the primary cell C 42 , reads signal strengths on control channels transmitted by different base stations in the system, so as to find the most favourable base station to which a connection can be set-up. 
     The mobile MS 1  establishes that the primary base station B 42  is the station from which the strongest signal strength has been received. 
     The mobile adjusts to the same channel as that used by the primary base station B 42 . 
     The mobile sends an access request message ARM on the selected frequency. 
     The access request message ARM is captured by all base stations handled by the first mobile switching centre MSC 1  and shown in FIG. 2, and four of the base stations in the cell areas C 47 , C 48 , C 53  and C 54  handled by the second mobile switching centre MSC 2 . 
     The identity ID of the mobile MS 1 , the time t 42 , t 48  at which the message was received by the different base stations, and the power S 42 , S 48  with which the message ARM was received in respective base stations B 42 , B 48  are registered in the storage locations M 42 , M 48  of all base stations B 42 , B 48  that captured the access request message ARM. 
     The primary base station B 42  accepts the access request made by the first mobile, and prepares to set up a connection between the base station B 42  and the mobile MS 1 . 
     The primary base station B 42  reads a value of the power Put at which the mobile MS 1  transmits. 
     The value of the transmission power Put of the first mobile MS 1  is stored in the storage location M 424  of the primary base station B 42 , together with the aforementioned stored information ID t 42  and S 42 . 
     The above steps are repeated over a predetermined period of time, for all access request messages that are sent by different mobile stations MS 1 , MS 2  and MS 3  located in the mobile telecommunications system. 
     Information stored in the storage locations M 42 , M 48  during said predetermined time period is sent from the base stations B 42 , B 48  to the mobile switching centres MSC 1 , MSC 2 , MSC 3 . Each switching centre receives and stores in respective storage units MM 1 , MM 2  information received from those base stations handled by the switching centre. The storage unit that stores the transmitted power Put also indicates the receiver to which the mobile has primarily directed its transmissions of the access request message ARM. 
     The control unit CTR in the central unit CU commences to fetch the values stored in the local storage units MM 1 , MM 2 . 
     The control unit CTR compiles and calculates the amplification for each signal received. This amplification is calculated as the quotient between received power S 42 , S 48  and transmitted power Put. The time t 42 , t 48  read for each received value is used to enable received power to be combined correctly with the correct transmitted power Put. The calculated values are stored in the matrix store G. Matrix storage will be explained below in more detail with reference to FIG.  4 . The method is thereafter repeated and the matrix constantly filled in this way with new relevant values of relationships between transmitters and receivers in the radio system. 
     One conceivable alternative to the aforedescribed embodiment is for each base station to scan systematically all control channels in the system, instead of receiving continuously signals from all control channels. Another conceivable alternative is to transport the information in each received signal directly to the matrix store G without first storing the information intermediately in other storage units. 
     FIG. 4 a  illustrates the construction of the matrix store G in the central unit CU. The matrix store G includes different storage locations each of which represents, on the one hand, a receiver that has received the access request message to be stored and, on the other hand, a cell in which the transmitter that has sent the access request message is located. One axis of the matrix store shown in FIG. 4 a  is comprised of the base stations B 39 -B 54  that have received a respective access request message ARM, and the other axis is comprised of cells C 39 -C 54  in which transmitters were located when the access request message ARM was sent. The values stored in the matrix are the calculated amplification values, g{circumflex over ( )} 42  and g{circumflex over ( )} 48 . The amplification values are thus stored in respective storage locations in the form of histograms of a type that will be made more apparent hereinafter with reference to FIG. 4 b.  In FIG. 4 a,  all histograms that belong to the secondary base station B 48  have been marked with a row of histogram curves in each base/cell pair, where the secondary base station B 48  constitutes the base station in each base/cell pair, whereas the cell varies for each storage location. In FIG. 4 a,  all histograms that belong to the primary cell area C 42  have been marked with a column of histogram curves. The histograms marked in FIG. 4 b  with rows and columns respectively constitute only some of the total number of histograms in the matrix. A histogram is stored in all base/cell pairs in the matrix, although only the rows and columns have been drawn in the Figure in order to simplify the Figure. 
     FIG. 4 b  shows a histogram in more detail. The histogram chosen for the FIG. 4 b  illustration is the histogram found in the G-matrix in the storage location which combines the receiver B 48  and the cell C 42 . The X-axis of the illustrated diagram shows amplification expressed in dB. The amplification g{circumflex over ( )} can assume a value between −120 dB and −80 dB. The Y-axis of the diagram shows the probability, in percentage, of a certain amplification value. The histogram in FIG. 4 b  includes stacks of mutually different heights. The combined height of the stacks is 100%. The height of each stack illustrates the probability of a receiver receiving from a transmitter in a cell precisely the amplification represented by the stack. Each stack has a width of 1 dB. In the illustrated diagram, the probability of a base station B 48  obtaining the amplification value −100 dB for a signal received from a transmitter in cell C 42  is 4%. When an amplification value that represents, e.g., −110 dB is sampled, the stack corresponding to the value is raised in the illustrated case by a predetermined parameter corresponding to {fraction (1/100)}th of a percent. The method proceeds in accordance with the above in the start-up phase, before the total height of the stacks reach 100%. When the combined height of the stacks has reached 100%, the histogram is normalised as the values are collected. After sampling an amplification value, the stack that represents this value is raised by the predetermined parameter, i.e. by {fraction (1/100)}th of a percent. All stacks are then lowered proportionally, such as to lower the combined height of the stacks by {fraction (1/100)}th of a percent. One conceivable alternative to the illustrated method of generating a histogram is to have a start distribution already at the beginning of the start-up phase and to normalise the histogram already at this point. 
     FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the method described above with reference to FIG.  3 . The flowchart shows the procedural steps significant of the invention. The method is carried in accordance with FIG.  3  and in accordance with the following steps: 
     The mobile MSX scans all control channels in the system, according to block  101 . The mobile has been referenced MSX in FIG. 5, in order to indicate that one of all mobiles in the system is meant. 
     The mobile selects the base station that transmits the most favourable signal on the scanned channels, in accordance with block  102 . 
     The mobile sets-in the control channel of the selective base station, in accordance with block  103 . 
     The mobile sends an access request message ARM on the set control channel, in accordance with block  104 . 
     All neighbouring base stations receive the access request message ARM from the mobile MSX, in accordance with the block marked with a reference arrow  105 . 
     The identity ID, the time t 42  of receiving the message, and the received power are stored in the storage location M 42  of respective base stations, in accordance with block  106 . The transmitted power Put of the mobile is also stored in the base station B 42  whose control channel has been chosen by the mobile. 
     The information contained in the storage locations of the base stations is forwarded to the storage unit MM 1 , MM 2 , MM 3  belonging to the mobile switching centre that handles respective base stations, in accordance with reference arrow  107 . 
     The control units CTR in the central unit CU collects stored information from the storage units of respective switching centres, in accordance with block  108 . 
     The amplification values g{circumflex over ( )} are calculated by the control unit CTR, in accordance with block  109 . 
     The calculated amplification values are stored in the G-matrix in accordance with block  110 . 
     It will be understood that the illustrated and described embodiments may be varied in several respects without departing from the inventive concept. It will also be understood that the invention is not restricted to the described and illustrated embodiments thereof, and that modifications can be made within the scope of the following Claims.