Abstract:
A schema builder includes a read service for reading data from a multi-node hierarchical deep schema configured database and a write service for writing data to the multi-node hierarchical deep schema configured database. A transformation module transforms schemas between multi-node hierarchical deep schemas and a flat schema, and stores meta data to record a structure of the multi-node hierarchical deep schema.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    U.S. Application entitled, Integrated Document Oriented Templates filed ______; and 
         [0002]    U.S. Application entitled, Plug-ins for Editing Templates in a Business Management System filed ______. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND  
       [0003]    Templates are commonly provided for many different types of documents. The templates facilitate batch processing that may pull information from a database to fill in placeholders of a template and result in customized documents. Some examples include a mailing to multiple customers. The address field and salutation may be placeholders in a template of the mailing, and when filled in with data from a customer database, each customer may be mailed a letter that is personalized. Other examples may include invoices, purchase orders and many other types of business documents produced by many different types of programs, from word processors to spreadsheet programs. 
         [0004]    In server oriented business management systems, many different clients may be served by a single system, which may consist of multiple computers and storage devices coupled to the clients via network. Templates in such systems may be treated as a development object. Development objects are available across all clients, while the data to populate the templates for each client is separated between clients. Since the development objects have global aspects, which means that they are available to all the clients, a template change instigated by one client will show up in the template for all clients. Such a change may not be desired by all clients. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0005]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a document template stored on a business management system according to an example embodiment. 
           [0006]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a system illustrating use of customized templates with a business configuration design time system and a run time system on a business management service backbone according to an example embodiment. 
           [0007]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating a logical component view of handling document templates according to an example embodiment. 
           [0008]      FIG. 4  is an example screen shot of a template repository according to an example embodiment. 
           [0009]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating components at design time according to an example embodiment. 
           [0010]      FIGS. 6A and 6B  are a block diagram of a component view during runtime according to an example embodiment. 
           [0011]      FIG. 7A  is a block diagram of an example business object document template design according to an example embodiment. 
           [0012]      FIG. 7B  is a table illustrating variants for an example business object document template design according to an example embodiment. 
           [0013]      FIG. 8  is a block diagram illustrating business configuration integration of schemas for document templates according to an example embodiment. 
           [0014]      FIG. 9  is a block flow diagram illustrating fine tuning of templates during business configuration activities according to an example embodiment. 
           [0015]      FIG. 10  is a block diagram illustrating a template business configuration reuse user interface according to an example embodiment. 
           [0016]      FIG. 11  is a block diagram illustration of a template authoring architecture according to an example embodiment. 
           [0017]      FIG. 12  is a block diagram illustrating a list reuse user interface that provides a list of templates according to an example embodiment. 
           [0018]      FIG. 13  is a block diagram of a schema builder that provides schema transformations according to an example embodiment. 
           [0019]      FIG. 14  is a flow chart representation of a schema building process according to an example embodiment. 
           [0020]      FIG. 15  illustrates schema definition annotations used to deliver schema transformations according to an example embodiment. 
           [0021]      FIG. 16  illustrates schema definition annotations used to deliver schema transformations according to an example embodiment. 
           [0022]      FIG. 17  shows example screen shots illustrating example user interactions for transformations according to an example embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0023]    In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments which may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural, logical and electrical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following description of example embodiments is, therefore, not to be taken in a limited sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. 
         [0024]    The functions or algorithms described herein may be implemented in software or a combination of software and human implemented procedures in one embodiment. The software may consist of computer executable instructions stored on computer readable media such as memory or other type of storage devices. The term “computer readable media” is also used to represent any means by which the computer readable instructions may be received by the computer, such as by different forms of wired or wireless transmissions. Further, such functions correspond to modules, which are software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. Multiple functions may be performed in one or more modules as desired, and the embodiments described are merely examples. The software may be executed on a digital signal processor, ASIC, microprocessor, or other type of processor operating on a computer system, such as a personal computer, server or other computer system. 
         [0025]    In various embodiments, a system includes a server that provides a business management service to multiple independent customers. The server has a template repository having predefined templates that may be used by customers for tasks such as mass mailings. The templates are stored as content, and not as development objects. A configuration storage stores customer changes to the predefined templates to provide customized templates. A user interface facilitates selection of customized templates as a function of scope of work and customized templates available for fine tuning corresponding to the scope of work. In this manner, customers may create customized templates that need not be shared across the entire set of customers using the system. A common base for templates like Adobe® print forms, Excel download templates, text templates and many other types of templates may be provided. 
         [0026]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a document template  100  stored on a business management system according to an example embodiment. Template  100  is a business object that defines the content, format, placeholders, and the structure for creating new documents having a uniform style. Business objects are objects used in a business management system to represent business processes. They contain data related to the business process, as well as methods for processing the data. In one embodiment, the business object, template  100 , belongs to a process component referred to as document management. This process component treats template  100  as content as opposed to a development object. 
         [0027]    Business objects, as described above, are a technical representation of a concept that includes data and logic. In some embodiments, a business object has a structure that includes a root node and sub nodes. The nodes hold information such as data and logic corresponding to various business processes that can be modified in a design time environment. 
         [0028]    Placeholders may be thought of as variables in a template  100  that refer to data to be looked up in a database when documents are created based on template  100 . One way to represent the placeholders is in a well-structured XSD-XML-schema. Such a schema may be used to represent data which is organized in a hierarchical way with dependencies and different multiplicities. Placeholders provide for customization of the documents. In one example, template  100  is a template for a word processing application, spreadsheet application, or other application that can be used for mass mailing via an output management function, or to create reports via a spreadsheet application integrated with preconfigured content. 
         [0029]    A document template  100 , as indicated at a document template node  110 , contains meta information such as type and description and template content. Elements located at the document template node  110  are defined by data type: DocumentTemplateElements, and may include a UUID (universally unique identifier) for a document template, a MIMECode that specifies the MIMECode for a document template, a GroupCode that is a coded representation of a document template group according to their business content, and VersionEnabledIndicator that indicates whether versioning has been enabled for the document template. These elements may be used to respond to queries to provide a list of all document templates  100  that meet selection criteria specified by query elements. 
         [0030]    Document template  100  has further subordinate nodes, such as a language variant  115 , and some language variant filter elements including a language variant schema  120 , name  125  and description  130 . These are identified as nodes in  FIG. 1 . Template  100  is a simplified template illustrating only a language variant for one template. In further embodiments, many different types of variants may be handled by the document template node structure. 
         [0031]    Schema  120  contains binding information which describes how placeholders in a document template  110  are replaced by real business object data for a language variant of the document template  110 . The elements located directly at the node Schema  120  are defined by the data type:
   DocumentTemplateSchemaElements. These elements may include a language independent name of the schema, MainIndicator, that specifies whether schema  120  is the main schema. In one embodiment, the schema MainIndicator can only be set for one schema. The main schema is the schema  120  that is loaded first by an application, which is responsible for placeholder substitution. Schema  120  may also include a BinaryObject that describes the unstructured data in binary form.   
 
         [0033]    Node name  125  is a language-dependent name of a document template  110 . Elements located directly at the node Name  125  are defined by the data type: DocumentTemplateNameElements. These elements may include a name specifying the name of a document template. Node description  130  provides a language-dependent description of document template  110 . The elements located directly at the node Description are defined by the data type DocumentTemplateDescriptionElements. These elements may include a description that specifies the description of the document template. 
         [0034]    Node language variant  115  is a language specific variant of a document template  110 . The elements located directly at the node language variant  115  may be defined by the data type, DocumentTemplateLanguageVariantElements. These elements may be a UUID, a VersionID that is a unique identifier of a document template variant, and a SystemAdministrativeData that is stored in a system. In one embodiment, CreationDateTime and LastChangeTime are relevant and used by the Template Language Variant. A LanguageCode may also be included, that defines the language in which the Document Template Variant is specified, a CountryCode defines the country for which the document template variant is specified, and a RegionCode defines the region for which the document template variant is specified. 
         [0035]    The following composition relationships to subordinate nodes include a language variant predecessor version node at  135 , and a language variant content node at  140 . 
         [0036]    From a business object identity node  150 , a last change identity identifies the identity that changed the language variant  115 . A creation identity identifies the identity that created the language variant  115 . 
         [0037]    Language variant predecessor version  135  is a list of all predecessing versions of a language variant  115 . The elements located directly at the node language variant predecessor version  135  may be defined by the data type, DocumentTemplateLanguageVariantElements. These elements may include a UUID for a document template variant, a versioned that is a unique identifier of a document template variant, and SystemAdministrativeData that is administrative data that is stored in a system. CreationDateTime and LastChangeTime are relevant and may be used by the Template Language Variant. Further elements may include a LanguageCode that defines the language in which the Document Template Variant is specified, a CountryCode that defines the country for which the document template variant is specified, and a RegionCode that defines the region for which the document template variant is specified. From the business object document template  110  node language variant, language variant  115  is an explicit version of a language variant. 
         [0038]    In one embodiment, language variant content  140  is the binary content of the document template language variant. In one embodiment, the node is provided due to potential large quantities of data, the determination of which may have lead to performance problems. The elements located directly at the node Language Variant Content  140  may be defined by the data type, such as BinaryObject that describes the unstructured data in binary form. Such unstructured data has also been referred to as binary large objects or BLOBs, and may include data such as image data. 
         [0039]    In further embodiments, many other attributes of the template  110  may be defined. Such attributes may be added as additional metadata in one embodiment. Time dependency (template is eventually valid for a period of time like a fiscal year), or paper size (as a print form might be designed only for A 4  or Letter US) are just a few examples of such attributes. 
         [0040]    In one embodiment, things directly influencing parameters may be included as attributes on the language variant or template header node, which are in common for different kinds of templates. In yet further embodiments, the attributes may be related to industry or layer-ID which gives the opportunity to abstract from vendor specific industry solutions. 
         [0041]    In one embodiment, soft attributes may be included. Soft attributes are specific to a template type or business context stored in a kind of property bag attached to the template. For example, papersize might only be applicable for print forms and therefore could go into such a property bag. The template infrastructure would still need to expose such soft attributes via query services by the application context using this templates, e.g. to query for a template variant in papersize=“Letter US”. 
         [0042]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a system  200  illustrating use of customized templates with a business configuration design time system  210  and a run time system  215  on a business management service backbone  220 . Utilizing the previous business object structure for templates, many different templates may be created from a set of standard templates. Customers may create their own customized templates. In system  200 , deciding which templates to use for a customer is simplified. By storing the templates as business configuration objects, those objects may be selected and modified during normal design time business configuration processes as illustrated at design time system  210 . 
         [0043]    Design time system  210  provides for scope selection at  225 . In one embodiment, scope selection  225  provides a list of areas, such as marketing, sales, after sales service, procurement, supply chain control, financials, etc. Each of these groups may be broken out into smaller groups. For example, financials may be subdivided into general ledger, which may be further subdivided into GL Accounts, set of books, etc. Other areas may also be listed. 
         [0044]    When a customer selects one of the areas, at  235 , a work item list of predefined templates for the customer is displayed. The list may be generated as a function of a customer profile that specifies the business objects of the customer that are available to that customer, including templates from the business configuration objects. In this manner, a customer will only see templates that may be needed based on the scope selection. At this point, the customer may select one of the templates for use, or may also select a template for further modification. 
         [0045]    When the customer has selected a template, or has modified an existing template, decisions and changes are stored as indicated at storage  240 , and are provided to the server  220  for storage at  242  and use by the run time system  215 . The decisions and changes are also provided to run time system  215  via a storage  245 . Run time system  215  includes a test tenant  250  and a production tenant  255 . The decisions and changes are run through a run time checklist  260  to ensure that they are valid for live operation, and also through a production unit  265  and a continuous change component  270 , which provides the modified templates back to the work item list  235  for future selection by the customer. In one embodiment, the moving of the templates from development objects to business configuration objects may be done with only very few changes in the runtime  215 . The runtime  215  is switched to retrieve from a new persistency, the business configuration document template object, but the complete output process in printing need not be fundamentally changed. 
         [0046]    One result of the selection of a template or modifying a template is that the template may be associated with a business task. When that business task is next run during run time, the associated template will be used, obtained by the runtime, and documents will be produced and mailed, or sent to an outside mailing service to be mailed in one embodiment involving mass mailings. The runtime may utilize the schema associated with the content of the template and customize the appropriate placeholders. This is one approach which enables dynamically changing the schema to fetch other or more different data from business object models. A further approach involves the use of a development object defining the interface for data-retrieval. Changing the development object may involve adaptation of a static interface and messages types. The schema in the latter case is just a proxy representation of the form message type where as in the first approach the schema is defining on its own how data is to be read. 
         [0047]    In further embodiments, a postal service may be utilized for the mailing, or email, or fax may be used. In still further embodiments, an interactive form may be utilized that is sent to a supplier. It may be a purchase order in one embodiment. The business task may than retrieve the data from the form when it is returned, and store the data. The use of a template for such tasks may simplify dealing with different message formats, as it may include appropriate logic for interacting with the form. 
         [0048]    A logical component view of handling document templates is illustrated in block form in  FIG. 3 . The components are divided into design time generally at  310  and run time generally at  315 . At design time  310 , template authoring  320  may occur when a template is selected from a list of templates at  235  that are listed under a particular selected scope, such as an invoice template under a finances/invoices scope. When an Excel based template is selected, template authoring Excel at  325  is selected to allow the customer to further customize the template. If it is so customized, the changes will be stored, and a new template reflecting those changes will be created and stored. Further authoring may be provided for Adobe based templates at  330  and text template authoring at  335 . The authoring blocks  325 ,  330  and  335  may be integrated editors, and the resulting templates are stored in fine tuning  235 . 
         [0049]    A business configuration block  340  is used to deploy the template in the form of a business configuration object. As a business object, the template includes business data that is exposed by one or more methods such as queries and other actions to use and manipulate the business data. 
         [0050]    In runtime  315 , the templates are stored at  345 , and queries and services may be provided at  350  on such templates. In some embodiments, an additional layer may be provided which allows end-user related templates which are not present in the designtime. This additional layer provides further flexibility. 
         [0051]    An example of processing an Adobe formatted template is illustrated by ABAP forms processing block  355 , an Adobe document service block  360  and a system template retrieval and pre-processing block  365 . These blocks provide rendering of the template and a callback into the runtime system when completed. The runtime also includes office integration  370 , business task management (BTM)  375  and other system functions at  380 . 
         [0052]      FIG. 4  is an example screen shot of a template repository for Excel templates at  400  that can be displayed and viewed or modified by template authoring  325 . A top portion  410  of the screen shot  400  describes the owner, version and business option corresponding to several different applications. At  415 , a list of application screens is provided, and includes as an example only, quotes comparison, export my employees list, maintain forecast, product planning details, resource load profile and other screens. As indicated above, these screens may deal with many different types of business processes, such as finance related, and there may be many more available than those shown in the list at  415 . 
         [0053]    The application screen “quotes comparison” is highlighted in the list at  415 . A corresponding list of actual templates corresponding to this quotes comparison scope is shown at  420 . The list at  420  includes a first master template, that is provided by the maker of the business management system. This master template may be available to all customers of the business management system, but it should be noted that the master template may be designed for the particular scope, quotes comparison, in this embodiment. Following the master template are several customized templates. The templates each have an associated creator, date of modification, and a selection button to indicate whether the template is to be included as an available template for that scope. This provides the ability to present an uncluttered interface back in the business configuration screens, allowing for easier navigation for users of the customer when setting up mass mailing or performing other tasks that utilize customized templates. For instance, a template may be obsolete. By not setting that template as available, it will not be mistakenly used. However it may still be retrieved to re-create prior documents if desired. 
         [0054]    In one embodiment, an active flag may be used to indicate whether a template is available. One use for the active flag is to allow for resolving conflicting attribute combinations. A customer may decide which of eventually concurring variants should be the active one. This could happen if different ISVs ship the same templates for a given attribute context. Or, if a new language is shipped and the customer already has created a language variant in a previous version. 
         [0055]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram illustrating components at design time generally at  500 . At  510 , a user may select a template from a business configuration view of templates. In one embodiment, fine tuning on the selected template are kept separate form the business component. A request is made to a simple enhancement user interface  515  to modify the selected template. The user interface  515  generates a request to an authoring user interface at  520 . In one embodiment, the template appears to a user to look very much like the resulting documents to be generated from the template. Complex data structures are hidden from the user by use of a schema builder/selector  525 . A schema abstraction component  530  provides an abstraction from the actual data structures for messages  532 , models  533 , business objects  534  and other data structures, such as relational databases from which data is to be inserted into documents in accordance with the templates. 
         [0056]    The ability to abstract the schema or data structure from the user enables the user to focus on the format of the actual resulting documents, as reflected in the template being edited. The template authoring user interface  520  thus provides an editor which abstracts completely from the schema. Word based templates appear as flowing text and paragraphs. The resulting printed page of a document derived from the template is the result of the same flow of text. 
         [0057]    In one embodiment, a template authoring abstraction  540  is provided. The templates are represented in XML format by the abstraction, interfacing with the abstraction provided via requests from an Adobe type component  542 , Excel component  543 , text/email component  544  and InfoPath component  545 . Other components may also be provided. The XML abstraction is provided to the template authoring UI such that a common set of editing functions may be provided for every template regardless of the original source of the template. The editing functions may be fairly limited to ensure that they operate on each type of template in the same way. For instance, some templates may utilize a pixel based approach. It may not be easy in all cases to just convert between pixel and text formats. 
         [0058]    In one embodiment, the templates to select from at  510  are provided from business configuration sets  550 . Configuration data is bundled together in one embodiment to form a container of data. The templates are schema based as indicated at  555  and may be build on top of a database table. A business configuration workspace  560  holds business configuration data for one customer going through configuration. The modification of templates may be just one part of the configuration occurring. Constraints on branches of business processes may also be used to determine which business configuration sets  550  are needed. 
         [0059]    On completion of the business configuration efforts, a request is made to a deployment engine  565  in a run time environment, and the templates are stored at  570  for use when performing business management functions. Each modification of a template in design time leads to a new version of the template. In the run time, the versions may be persisted separately. The run time can thus make the template or different versions of the templates accessible from applications. The desired template can be retrieve by a special identifier. 
         [0060]    In one embodiment, a template may have one or more schemas. These schemas may be associated with different message types, such as one for printing or output, one for VC (visual composer), and business object adaption, which is a way to build views on business object models. The ability to have multiple schemas for a template removes prior limitations of using merges to obtain the different message types. 
         [0061]      FIGS. 6A and 6B  are block diagrams of a component view during runtime. Business object logic triggers an outbound agent  610  that generates a request to an output manager  615 . Output manager  615  will determine whether the request is for a Net Weaver output service  620 , and route it appropriately for handling by that service after template resolution at  625 , fetching the data and rendering at  623 . Output service  620  spools the requests at  622  until it can process them appropriately. Such processing may include sending a request to a renderer  623 , which forms appropriate abstractions of the form from various vendor formats at  624  such as in an XML or other format as previously discussed. 
         [0062]    If output manager  615  determines that the request is not for output service  620 , the request is routed to a template resolution component at  625 . Template resolution component  625  will find an appropriate template for use to perform the function that appears to be desired by a user. For instance, a user may not know the exact template to use, but does know that they want to print a purchase order in English. Using this information, the template resolution component  625  obtains the proper template and forms a request to either a FTG management component at  627  or template management component at  628 , both corresponding to business object document templates. 
         [0063]    In a further embodiment, requests may be generated by a pattern user interface at  650 . The requests may be to an output manager print preview component  652  or an output manager export component  653 . These components generate requests to a form generator  655 . Form generator  655  then makes requests to one or more other components. One such request may be made to a generic data provider component  657 , which in turn makes a request to outbound agent component  610 . Form generator  655  may also make a request to the template resolution component  625 , which handles such request in the same manner as request from output manager  615 . In one embodiment, form generator  655 , operating in a Java environment, may make a request to a second renderer  660 , which also provides for abstraction of various different types of documents as indicated at  665 . In non-Java environments, such requests may not be necessary. Renderer component  660  may also make a request to a template preprocessor  670 , which can make a request to a common form configuration management component  675 , or to the template management component  628  as desired. In a further embodiment, the form abstraction component, via an Adobe component  680  may make a request to an adobe document server  685 , which also makes request to template preprocessor component  670 . 
         [0064]      FIG. 7A  is a detailed block diagram of an example business object document template design  700  providing farther detail than  FIG. 1 . Design  700  includes a document template UUID, and a template group code at  710 . The template group code is a logical group around templates to assign them to a specific logical area. It can be used in queries to retrieve all templates within a template group. In one embodiment, the code list is an extensible code list. 
         [0065]    The document template  710  is viewed as a logical concept with a unique identifier. In one embodiment, document template  710  has a name, which may be a short description visible to the user. The description may be language dependent and stored in a separate table. A description of the document template  710  may be used to describe the purpose of the template and is visible during business configuration. This description may also be language dependent and stored in a separate table. For one logical template, there may be variants for languages, industries, countries, regions and versions as indicated at node  720 . Some example variants are shown in table  730  in  FIG. 7B . A variant may have an internal GUID, which can be used to directly access the specific variant version. This may be useful for reprinting documents if needed. If some of the variants, such as industry, country, etc., arc not used by an application, they can be left as empty or null. One template is persisted for each variant in one embodiment. In further embodiments, a mime type, such as XDP, XLS, plain/text, xhtml, etc., may be provided in a variants node. 
         [0066]    Table  730  may be used by template resolution component  625  in  FIG. 6  to find an appropriate template variant when a user does not uniquely specify the variant to use. Using information, including context information about the user and the user request, a best fit may be found in the table. If insufficient information is provided to uniquely identify a variant, a fall back sequence may be used to revert back to the template having matching information deemed more important. This is easily done if the templates are hierarchically arranged. For example, if language is not specified, the fall back may be an English language persisted template, or other predetermined language template. 
         [0067]    Design  700  may also include variant content, such as a binary large object as indicated at node  740 . In one embodiment, a schema is provided at  750 . As previously noted, there may be more than one schema for each variant. All schemas may be related to a main schema root node shown. Each schema  750  has a file name, schema content and a main schema flag, which is set if the schema is the main schema. 
         [0068]    A query application programming interface (API) may be provided to provide several different queries. A GetAllTemplatesByTemplateContainer query may be used to retrieve all templates in a template container. It may be used to fill a dropdown list in a user interface so that the user can choose a specific template. A GetDefaultTemplateInTemplateContainer query may be used to retrieve a default template within a template container. In one embodiment, a filtered association may be used in a query to retrieve a variant for a template starting from the root node of the template at  710 . Language, industry, country, region may be used as inputs, and a variant ID is provided as an output. In one embodiment, a version is not part of the filter association query interface. Versions may be retrieved directly for special use cases with an internal shortcut ID. 
         [0069]      FIG. 8  is a block diagram illustrating business configuration integration of schemas for document templates generally at  800 . A top level design time schema  810  is exposed in terms of business configuration activities, including various nodes, such as a root node  815 , variants  820 , template  825  and schemas  830 . These nodes may be exposed to allow modification by the user to create additional variants off a base template. In one embodiment, the template node  825  is not included in the design time schema to avoid increasing storage and work space size, as well as increasing load times. 
         [0070]    The exposed nodes may be generated from a runtime template store business object document template indicated at  700 , the same as shown at  700  in  FIG. 7 . The template  700  is translated into AP/runtime schemas as indicated at document template schema  840 , template variants schema  845 , template schema  850  and schemas  855 . In one embodiment, one schema  855  is provided for each table in the schema node representation. Transformation rules may be applied to expose the design time schema  810  and other nodes used during business configuration. Such transformation may transform the run time versions to provide an XML version fur such use. 
         [0071]      FIG. 9  is a block flow diagram  900  illustrating fine tuning of templates during business configuration activities. From a business adaptation catalog that provides multiple business options  905 ,  910  under a business topic  915 , a user, such as a customer may select one or more options. Option A at  905  is indicated as selected at a check box  920 . 
         [0072]    The selection of option A results in a configuration workspace  925  having multiple templates associated with a selected business configuration set loaded as indicated at  930  and  932  in a global fine tuning set  935 . The loaded sets correspond to sets assigned to the selected options. 
         [0073]    Fine tuning may occur where a customer starts fine tuning via a fine tuning context  940  this is assigned to a fine tuning relevant option. Context  940  allows a customer to select templates. An application specific business configuration view  945  will thus select templates from the workspace  925 . From the view  945 , a customer can check and change the configuration data. A delta of the configuration made by the customer may be saved in the global fine tuning set. 
         [0074]    In one embodiment, application specific business configuration view  945  includes a template business configuration reuse user interface as indicated at  1005  in  FIG. 10 . A global fine tuning set is indicated at  1010 , and comprises a representation of templates by business configuration set and template group. The templates are stored in an abstract format to allow invoking of a correct editor. 
         [0075]    In one embodiment, reuse user interface  1005  is invoked with a template group as a context-filter for the global fine tuning set in the business configuration workspace  925 . The templates selected by this context may be displayed in the reuse user interface  1005 . If a template is added anew, it exists in the business configuration template reuse user interface  1005 . It may still not be persisted in the business configuration workspace  925 . Therefore, the user interface  1005  offers a function to send a notification after something has changed along with the current ids and template names. When the business configuration view data is saved, it also invokes a save on the business configuration template reuse user interface. 
         [0076]    Template content may be content of a runtime schema, so it is not part of a business configuration schema. The reuse user interface will have to deal with two separate schemas internally (in addition to the schema of the surrounding application business configuration view. In one embodiment, for transaction reasons, all content for the reuse user interface may be stored in a separate buffer within the reuse user interface, because multiple business configuration sets of the two schemas could be manipulated and potentially re-changed. Such sets may be managed via hashed-object lists in one embodiment. 
         [0077]    The surrounding business configuration view may call a save function for its content and than call save in the reuse user interface and afterwards may call a do save to commit the changes to ensure that all changes are stored at the same time. In one embodiment, the reuse user interface provides the information if unsaved data is available and the surrounding business configuration view can ask the user if save should be applied. 
         [0078]    In further embodiments, a cancel request results in a reversion back of the changes and initializes the reuse user interface again from the workspace/global fine tuning content. In one embodiment, XML template descriptions may be compressed prior to saving. 
         [0079]    A template authoring architecture is shown generally at  1100  in  FIG. 11 . The architecture  1100  invokes editors for authoring templates, as well as editing existing templates using plug ins corresponding to the native editor for the template being edited. An application business configuration view  1105  includes the template business configuration reuse user interface that may be used to invoke a modal dialog at  1110  so that a wrapper is provided for each template to be edited. The modal dialog  1110  launches a server page, such as a Java server page (JSP) at  1115  with a universal resource locator (URL) plus SSO (single sign on). At  1120 , authoring is invoked through a host such as by ActiveX® type controls. Such controls allow developers to create software components that perform a particular function or a set of functions. Software may encapsulate functionality as controls so that the functionality can be embedded in other applications, such as on web pages. In further embodiments, editing functions may be seamlessly integrated in a host application. 
         [0080]    Several different authoring abstractions are provided for native programs, such as Adobe Designer, Excel, and many word processing programs indicated at  1125 ,  1130  and  1135  respectively. Data from the authoring abstraction  1120  may be passed back to the JSP page at  1115  and may be temporarily stored at a temp store at  1140 . A returned storage ID may be provided by the temp store  1140  as indicated at  1145 . A portal event may be invoked as indicated at  1150  from JSP page  1115 , and the dialog may be closed as indicated at  1155 . Template business configuration reuse user interface  1005  may access the temp store  1140  to retrieve data corresponding to the edited template. A save may be invoked at  1160 , and the template business configuration set data may be saved to configuration workspace  925 . In embodiments where communication is permitted back and forth between external components, direct back eventing or notification to the main and original application user interface may be used in place of the temp store  1140 . 
         [0081]    In one embodiment, template authoring as illustrated at  1100  is a business configuration view reuse plug-in, which may be plugged into an existing business configuration view. There are at least three modes for different use cases. In a first mode a list reuse user interface illustrated at  1200  in  FIG. 12  provides a list of templates within a container or a fixed passed list of template-ids is provided. An overview of the templates may be provided in the list mode user interface  1200 , and templates or language versions may be edited, added, or deleted as indicated at  1205 ,  1210  and  1215  respectively. Different regions and industry variants of the templates may also be added or deleted in various embodiments. A language selector  1220  is provided in one embodiment, along with region  1225  and industry  1230  selector lists from which template variants and context attributes may be selected. 
         [0082]    In a further embodiment, a single view mode of one template instance may be provided to support BTM cases, fax cover letters for output management or other situations where a list of templates is not required but the application context knows already of one template. In a third mode, a list of template and single edit details for text support is provided. Multiple templates in a template group may be listed to allow in place editing. In these different modes, blank templates may be provided for copying and schema storage. Existing templates may be edited and stored as variants, or as new templates. 
         [0083]    In one embodiment, the business configuration template authoring architecture or framework (TAF) provides a mechanism to register plug-in authoring user interfaces for specific mime-types. The plug-ins may contain controls, such as ActiveX controls to embed native design tools, such as Adobe Designer, Excel, Word, etc. For a plug-in, TAF provides a base implementation with functions to invoke modal/dialog  1110  with parameters from the generic TAF business configuration view to pass templates, schemas, etc. Further, communications back to the generic TAF business configuration view  1105  are provided via events to pass changes to templates and schemas back. In one embodiment, the functions are JSP based, allowing the use of such controls. 
         [0084]    Template authoring using Adobe plug-ins inherits from the TAF plug-in base implementation. Multiple schema files may be passed to the Adobe Designer and hook in to close/save of the Adobe Designer to return changed templates. With respect to template authoring using Excel, uploads and downloads in the generic TAF business configuration view  1105  are provided. Automation of Excel is similar to the Adobe TAF plug-in, as is automation of text based editors such as Word. 
         [0085]    Templates use schemas, which may be considered as binding information which describes how placeholders in a document template are replaced by real business object data for a language variant of the document template. The schemas take into account the organization of the database and identify how to retrieve data for the placeholders. In one embodiment, the data is stored in business objects in a backend that utilizes multi-node hierarchical deep schemas to identify fields in a database. The deep schema is hierarchical in nature, and works well at the database level to access data. However, when creating templates in a design time environment, such deep schemas are not conducive to being easily understood by users, and also may have structures which vary with different database implementations. 
         [0086]    In one embodiment, a schema transformation is utilized to convert from the deep schema to a flat schema and back. The flat schema may be used in the design time environment, while the deep schema remains intact for the database, or what is referred to as the back end of a business management system. An example of a schema builder that provides schema transformations is illustrated in block form at  1300  in  FIG. 13 . A read service  1305  and a write service  1310  are used to read and write data to and from a backend database. The read and write services  1305  and  1310  work with deep schemas as indicated at actions such as response  1315 , request  1320  and confirmation  1325 . In one embodiment, a root level node has three next levels, A, B and C. Node C has three further nodes at yet a further level, labeled a, b and c. Thus, the deep schema structure in this simple example has three levels, a root, and two deeper levels. 
         [0087]    Several XML transformation modules  1330 ,  1335  and  1340  are coupled to the actions for providing transformation back and forth between a flat schema representation  1350 , and the deep schema structures. The transformation modules are labeled as XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation) modules, and operate to track the path in the original deep schema, and exposes “a” as belonging to “C” and is a sub element. Thus when a deep schema is transformed to a flat schema, meta data is tracked to expand the flat schema back out to the deep schema. The flat schema may be easily converted to an XML map as indicated at  1355  and to various other formats for use in editors, such as a spreadsheet  1360 , allowing users to view the data in a very user friendly manner, and as a resulting document produced from a template may appear. 
         [0088]    In one embodiment, response action  1315  interfaces with read service  1305  to retrieve data from a database using a deep schema. The data is then transformed at  1330  to the flat schema. Similarly, when a write request  1320  is processed, the flat schema is transformed into the deep schema at  1335 , and upon confirmation  1325  by the write service  1310 , the deep schema is transformed back into the flat schema at  1340 . 
         [0089]    Schema builder  1300  operates to build a simplified flat schema out of a potentially complex enterprise service repository business object model for use in design time. Such complex object models can be very difficult to comprehend by ordinary users. Vertical schema reduction allows the inclusion or exclusion of associations, nodes and data structures of the complex object model, while keeping track of metadata to enable conversion back and forth. In one embodiment, the data is pushed up to consolidate all the levels on a single node level. A horizontal schema reduction allows the simplification of complex nested structures. The results of the schema transformations may be provided as re-usable net components in one embodiment. Hooks may also be provided for applications to enrich schema nodes with custom markups. The generated schemas may be used by a generic data provider to retrieve business object instances at run time. 
         [0090]    A schema building process is illustrated in flow chart form at  1400  in  FIG. 14 . At  1405 , a business object model is selected. In one embodiment the business object structure is visualized, illustrating internal and external associations to enhance the visual representation at  1410 . A top level of the data structure definition of the business object nodes may be included in the visual representation. Nodes may be selected for inclusion at  1415 . As indicated in  FIG. 13 , in vertical schema building, each node of the visual representation of a business object node is associated with a checkbox. Only checked nodes are included in the custom schema in one embodiment. With respect to horizontal schema building, nested complex structures may be collapsed by virtually inserting them at a higher level of the business object structure as indicated at  1420 . Such an operation is also indicated at request  1320  in  FIG. 13 . Cardinality constraints may be automatically enforced. Meta data is kept as indicated at  1425  to identify where data was in the original deep schema tree structure. The schema building process  1400  assists in optimization and providing a simplified view of the data. 
         [0091]    In one embodiment, XSD (XML schema definitions) annotations are used to deliver the transformation. Other notations, such as SAP notations may be used to mark the transformations as indicated in  FIG. 15  at  1500  and  FIG. 16  at  1600 , which are example schema definitions. The transformation may be generated at run time. In further embodiments, a creator of the schema may mark the transformation. For simple scenarios, such mark ups may be considered in normal services, such as read and write services  1305  and  1310  respectively in  FIG. 13 . 
         [0092]    In  FIG. 15  at  1500 , an element, “Customer” is shown for a flat to deep transformation. A root in a target is identified at  1505 , and a destination element is indicated at  1510  at the same level as the root. In  FIG. 16  at  1600 , an element, “Telephone  1 ” is shown for a flat to deep transformation to A, which is a child node of Telephone. The destination, which may be at a different level, is identified at  1605 . 
         [0093]      FIG. 17  provides some screen shots illustrating example user interactions to transform source XML based on transform notations in the XSD, such as those illustrated in  FIGS. 15 and 16 . The output in one embodiment is the transformed XML at  1705 , resulting from a user selecting the XSD and source XML at  1710  and pressing a process button at  1715 . This is just one example interface illustrating simple selection of files and initiation of processing. Many other interfaces, including simple command lines or drag and drop interactions may be used in further embodiments. 
         [0094]    The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b) to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. The Abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.