Abstract:
An arrangement for dynamically varying how space on a small display is allocated for presentation of various types of user information is provided. The arrangement optimizes utilization of space on small displays by dynamically allocating lines on the display for presentation of status or header-type information as well as menu item-type information. The arrangement configures the display such that lines therein are dedicatable in any combination to displaying these two types of information.

Description:
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/775,316, filed Dec. 31, 1996. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Technical Field 
     This invention is directed to telephone terminals and, more particularly, a telephone terminal configurable for accessing features available on the terminal through an interactive display arrangement. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     With the advent of numerous features now available at many telephone terminals, displays having selectable menu options are being commonly employed to aid users in accessing the features associated with these options. The display technology employed in most telephone displays today is character-based liquid crystal device (LCD) displays. These displays are configured in various array sizes such as, for example, a 2-line by 10-character LCD display, a 3-line by 12-character LCD display and a 4-line by 12-character LCD display. In order to be aesthetically pleasing when incorporated into a telephone housing, these displays tend to be small, typically on the order of one inch in height. Also, in order to provide a reasonable number of characters for information such as caller-ID information and directory access information, a small font size for the characters is generally used. Thus, the numerous available features unfortunately require large amounts of information to be presented on very small displays. 
     For optimizing the utilization of space on small displays, some telephone terminals use soft key user interfaces. While soft key approaches can increase the flexibility of managing access to numerous features, they require that a portion of the display be dedicated exclusively to this purpose. For example, many telephone terminals dedicate the bottom row of the display for presentation of label screen prompts which correspond to a set of hard keys. Although these screen prompts do improve somewhat the ease with which one uses the display, such a design constrains the amount of space available for presentation of non-menu items, and also constrains the number of soft key choices which may be shown at any given time. Further, existing terminal screen designs typically constrain the maximum number of characters available for menu labels. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The prior art problems are solved in accordance with the present invention which provides an arrangement for dynamically varying how space on a small display is allocated for presentation of various types of user information. This arrangement is more flexible in organizing and presenting information than existing arrangements. 
     In accordance with an aspect of the invention, the arrangement optimizes utilization of space on small displays by dynamically allocating lines on the display for presentation of status or header-type information as well as menu item-type information. The arrangement configures the display such that lines therein are dedicatable in any combination to displaying these two types of information. By way of example, on a terminal with a 4-line display, one line may be dedicated to status information, and three lines to menu items; or alternatively, two lines may be dedicated to status information and two lines also to menu items. Thus, enhanced flexibility and efficiency are provided through use of this arrangement. 
     This invention and its mode of operation will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description when read with the appended drawings: 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless telephone terminal and a base unit, the telephone terminal being usable for incorporating the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 illustrates the telephone terminal of FIG. I including a user interactive display displaying a first menu screen accessible in accordance with the present invention; and 
     FIGS. 3 and 4 are flow charts illustrating some of the display screens provided by the circuitry shown in FIG.  1  and produced in an interactive display shown in FIG. 2 in accordance with the invention. 
    
    
     Throughout the drawing, the same elements when shown in more than one figure are designated by the same reference numerals. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown an illustrative block diagram of a wireless telephone terminal  100  useful for describing the operation of the present invention. The terminal includes an input/output (I/O) interface unit  110  which connects to a radio frequency (RF) transceiver  111  containing a transmitter and receiver for providing communications in, by way of illustrative example, a cellular radio system. 
     Various types of cellular radio systems are known in the art and have been otherwise described. Once such system is described in  The Bell System Technical Journal,  Volume 58, January 1979, Number 1, particularly in papers entitled “Advanced Mobile Phone Service: Introduction, Background and Objectives” by W. R. Young and “The Cellular Concept” by V. H. MacDonald. 
     The RF transceiver  111  may also provide communications suitable for operating in a cordless telephone system. Such a cordless telephone system is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,706,274 and 5,044,010, for example. 
     This I/O interface unit  110  contains switching and control circuits required by the terminal  100  for establishing, maintaining and terminating RF communications connections between terminal  100  and base unit  120 . Through these circuits and via antennas  115  and  125 , the terminal  100  thus sends to and receives the appropriate signals from the base unit via the RF transceiver  111 . 
     The terminal  100  also includes a program memory  112  which provides instructions to a central processor unit (CPU)  113  for controlling the various operating features and functions originating at the terminal. This program memory  112  contains data for interpreting a plurality of codes representative of various control signals received from the base unit  120  and for generating codes to be transmitted to the base unit  120 . A data memory  114  is utilized by the CPU  113  for storing and accessing data associated with performing the various functions and features programmed in the program memory  112 . In the described embodiment, CPU  113  is a microprocessor, program memory  112  is read-only-memory (ROM) and data memory  114  is a random-access-memory (RAM). These components are readily available from a number of semiconductor manufacturers such as Intel, Motorola, AMD and NEC. Connected to the interface unit  110  is a user interface  200 , the physical aspects of which are shown in greater detail in FIG.  2 . 
     With reference now to FIG. 2, the user interface  200  comprises a user interactive display  210  which includes a number of Icon screen display symbols. Such screen display symbols include a battery level symbol  211 , a signal strength symbol  212 , a Home symbol  213 , a Phone Book symbol  214 , a Mailbox symbol  215 , a Lock symbol  216  and a Tools symbol  217 . 
     The battery level symbol  211  consists of four battery icons or symbols for showing the battery power level. At full charge, all symbols are filled-in. As the battery loses power, the filled-in part of each one of the symbols is removed from top to bottom leaving only the symbol outline. When only one filled-in symbol remains, it is an indication to the user to recharge the battery. The signal strength symbol  212  provides an indication of the received signal strength. The radiating portion of this symbol appears largest when the received signal is strong and becomes smaller as the received signal becomes weaker. 
     Also shown in the user interface  200  is a set of menu keys or buttons which provides, in accordance with the disclosed embodiment, quick access to all of the features of the telephone terminal with just a few key presses of these menu keys. The menu keys include a “Left” arrow key  221 , a “Up” key  222 , a “Right” arrow key  223 , a “Down” arrow key  224 , a “Home” key  225  and a “Select” key  227  which are functionally descriptive in moving between menu screens. These directional keys provide a dual axis of control for a user in navigating among a plurality of these menu screens. The Select key  227  selects the feature which is being displayed along the side of the filled-in oval outline. The Home key  225  is used to return a user to the original starting screen in the plurality of display screens. Other well-known keys or buttons: a “Talk” or send key  229 , an “End” key  226  and a “Power” key  228 , as well as others illustrated in the form of a dial pad, are also part of the telephone terminal shown in FIG. 2 but are conventional keys and need not be described in detail herein, except to indicate that, in a cellular system, the Talk key  229  and the End key  226  are used to respectively send a just-entered or stored telephone number to a base unit and to terminate an established conversation. 
     The screen display changes dynamically as the user performs functions and makes selections via the Select key  227 . Shown in the display  210  is just one menu screen in the hierarchically arranged menu. The illustrated entry is one of possible original starting screens or the “Home Screen” which is conveniently provided for a user whenever the telephone terminal is turned ON from an OFF state or returned to its standby state after the user presses the End key  226 , terminating a telephone call. 
     The Icon Home symbol  213 , the Icon Phone Book symbol  214 , the Icon Mailbox symbol  215 , the Icon Lock symbol  216  and the Icon Tools symbol  216  are associated with parent menu screens which are at the top level in the hierarchical display. When the wireless terminal is turned on with the power key  228 , the Home symbol  213  and its two selectable features from this level are provided in the Home Screen display or display  210 . Also shown in this display is the name of the service provider that provides the user with cellular service and, optionally, time and date information. 
     The Phone Book symbol  214  is associated with a parent screen display for sub-menu displays in which telephone numbers are added or deleted, viewed or retrieved as appropriate by a terminal user. The Mailbox symbol  215  is associated with a parent screen display for sub-menu displays in which voice messages, test messages and call logs (incoming and outgoing) are accessed. The Lock symbol  216  is associated with a parent screen display for sub-menu displays through which security is provided for the terminal device. Display screens such as Phone Locks, Call Blocks, Phone Book Access and Mailbox access are accessed from this parent screen. The Tools symbol  217  is associated with a parent screen display for sub-menu displays through phone settings, call options and service options which are set by a user or representative of the service provider, as appropriate. 
     A user easily and intuitively advances among the parent menu screens by using the Right and Left arrow keys  223  and  225 . As the user cycles among these screens, the Icon screen display symbol that is associated with the selected parent screen is filled-in or darkened thereby informing the user just which one of the top menu options is active. From either of the parent menu screens at the top level in the hierarchical display, the Down arrow key  224  moves down through the selectable sub-level menu choices and cycles at the bottom, back to the first entry of the sub-level menu choices. In order to access one of the sub-level menu choices, the user must select into the desired sublevel menu choice, with the Select key  227 . While in a sub-level menu choice, should the user desire to move directly up in this menu choice, the Up arrow key  222  is used to take the user up through this choice and back to the parent screen. The simplicity of the user interface is that all features illustrated by the display screens herein are accessible through the use of the directional keys and the select key. Although all are not shown, each one of the equal level menu choices represented by menu screen displays  210 ,  320 ,  330 ,  340  and  350  provide a number of selectable optional screens that may be selected by the user of the telephone terminal  100 . 
     The user interactive display  210  also includes a menu level indicator  218 . This menu level indicator includes both upper and lower brackets and also a plurality of symbols comprising elliptical or oval shaped outlines enclosed in the brackets and aligned in a column on a side of the screen display. Selective use of the brackets advantageously provide an indication to the user that all selectable choices are available on the displayed screen or that one or more selectable choices are not shown on the displayed screen. Specifically, an open or missing bracket at the bottom of the menu level indicator  218  provides an indication to the user that there are additional choices off-screen and that the user may scroll down to these choices with the Down arrow key  224 . An example of the menu level indicator with an open bracket at the bottom is shown in the display screen  210 . An open or missing bracket at the top of the menu level indicator  218  provides an indication to the user that there are additional choices off-screen and that the user may scroll up to these choices with the Up arrow key  222 . A closed bracket indicates that the display screen includes all of the selectable choices. 
     The Menu options or selectable features accessible for display and other information, to be described later herein, are provided by the filled-in oval shaped outline. When selectable menu options are being displayed on the menu screen, only one oval shaped outline is filled in for indicating to the user the one option that will then be selected when the Select key  227  is pressed. The level indicator  218  thus informs a user just which one of the menu options is currently active and may be selected by the dark or filled-in oval shaped outline next to a menu screen option. As shown in screen display  210 , for example, a user may select the last number dialed by depressing the Select key  227  since the filled in oval  219  is adjacent to the “Last Number” screen display option. A user may also advance to the “View Own Num” screen display option by depressing first the Down arrow key  224  and then the Select key  227 . Once the user of the telephone terminal has decided which menu choice he or she wishes to explore, the directional arrow keys  221 ,  222 ,  223  and  224  are used to place the darkened oval next to that choice on the display and the Select key  227  is then pressed to select that menu choice. 
     While the embodiment of the present invention is illustratively described as incorporated into a wireless telephone terminal, it should be recognized that the present command-operated terminal could be utilized in other program-controlled systems such as wired telephone terminals. Since such systems utilize a variety of hardware and programming techniques, no attempt is made to describe the details of the program used to control the telephone terminal. However, the present invention must be blended into the overall structure of the system in which it is used and must be tailored to mesh with other features and operations of the system. Thus, in order to avoid confusion and in order to enable those skilled in the art to practice the claimed invention, this specification will describe the operation of the present invention using the telephone terminal  100  shown in FIG. 1; the display screen shown in FIGS. 2; and the display screen flow diagrams of FIGS. 3 and 4 which, taken together, describe the logical steps and the various parameters required to implement the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 shows a flow chart for illustrating some of the display screens provided by the circuitry in FIG. I and produced in the interactive display in the same manner as illustratively shown in display  210  in FIG.  2 . These display screens, along with those shown in FIG. 4, are illustratively embodied in a 4-line by 12 character LCD display. The sequence in which these display screens are provided is indicated by the flow chart, and is shown in sufficient detail to permit one skilled in the art to duplicate the circuitry of FIG. 1, either by programming a microprocessor or by special purpose logic circuitry such as is available in a digital signal processor. 
     The display screens shown in FIG. 3 are of the five parent screens  210 ,  320 ,  330 ,  340  and  350  or main areas on the top level of the menu. For general navigation on this top level of the menu, the user uses the Right or Left arrow keys  223  or  221  to move across the five main areas of the display, which are, the Home screen, where manual calls are placed, the Phone Book, Mail Box, Lock, and Tools. 
     For ease of understanding the flow charts shown in both FIGS. 3 and 4 and movement between the display screens shown therein, filled-in or darkened directional triangles, which respectively represent the four directional arrow keys, are employed. Thus, by way of example, movement between the display screen  210  and display screen  320  may be accomplished by pressing the right arrow key  223 , which also has an image of a right-facing triangle located thereon. Similarly, movement between the display screen  320  and display screen  210  may be accomplished by pressing the left arrow key  225 , which also has an image of a left-facing triangle located thereon. Movement between display screen  320  and display screen  321  is achieved in a similar manner, only using up-facing and down-facing triangles which respectively correspond to the up arrow key  222  and the down arrow key  224 . For further ease of understanding, these directional triangles are positioned near interconnecting lines that extend to those display screens between which the user is able to navigate. 
     When navigation between screens requires that the user press the Select key  227 , a filled-in elliptical or oval shaped outline is positioned near the interconnecting line that requires this key press. Thus, for example, to move from menu screen  331  to menu screen  401  requires pressing the Select key  227 . And this filled in oval shaped outline is conveniently provided on the top surface of the Select Key  227 . 
     With reference now to navigating in the parent screens, and starting from the Home display screen  210 , the user can press the Right arrow key  223 , for example, to move across to the Phone Book screen  320  and see the first three selectable features of the Phone Book. Here the Up and Down arrow keys  222  and  224  can be used to move the darkened elliptical cursor to any of the Phone Book features as shown in screens  320  through  323  and the Select key  227  can then be used to choose a feature. The Right arrow key  223  again allows movement to the next area of the interface, the Mail Box screen  330  where the three features of the Mailbox screen can be viewed and accessed. Another press of the Right arrow key moves the user to the Locks screen  340  where features shown in screens  340  through  344  are accessed. Yet another press of the Right arrow key moves the user to the Tools screen  350  where features shown in the screens  350  through  353  are accessed. One last press of the Right arrow key moves the user to the home screen  210  once again. As the user moves to each of the parent screens, the outline of the Icon associated with that parent screen is darkened. Thus the user always knows which main area is being accessed. 
     Referring next to FIG. 4, there is shown, in accordance with the disclosed embodiment, a flow chart which illustrates how the allocation of space on a small display may be dynamically varied for presentation of various types of user information. Either Home screen  210  or Home screen  410 , which shows an alternative initialization screen, is presented to the user when the user powers-up the telephone terminal. As illustrated in Home screen  210 , the first or upper two lines of the display are used to present status information to the user. The uppermost line identifies the service provider and the second line from the top displays date and time status information. Also, on this screen, the third and fourth lines of the display are used to present selectable menu choices or item type information to the user. The user may press the Select key  227  to activate one of these options when the darkened oval is positioned next to the desired option. By way of example, in screen  210 , pressing the Select key  227  redials the last number previously dialed. 
     The alternative Home screen  410  provides an indication to a user that missed calls have been attempted to the telephone terminal. Missed calls are those wherein a caller has attempted to place a call to the telephone terminal, but for some reason, typically that the telephone was turned off, the call was not completed. So that a user is informed of these one or more missed calls, a status indication indicative of these missed calls is presented to the user on the third line of the display as shown in screen  410 . To accommodate this additional status information line appearing in the display, the selectable menu items, i.e., “Last Number” and “View Own Num,” are shifted down in the display. One consequence of this is one or more selectable menu items may no longer appear on the display but rather have to be cycled to using the Down arrow key. Thus if the user wished to view his or her own number, the Down key  224  must be pressed to generate screen  411  where the user&#39;s number may be selected. 
     In achieving this advantageous operation, the terminal includes suitable coding for assigning a priority to either the status or header-type information or to the menu type-item information. In response to this priority coding which is assigned for each of the display screens, the desired information is suitably displayed in each of the display screens. The advantage of this arrangement is that it provides a very flexible manner in organizing and presenting information. 
     If the user presses the Right arrow key when viewing the Home screen  210 , or the alternative Home screen  410  (and also screen  411 ), the Phone Book menu screen  320  will be displayed. In this screen, the top line is dedicated to status information which is, in this case, the title of the menu. The last three lines of the display are dedicated to selectable menu choices. As the user presses the Down arrow key to step through the menu choices, when he or she arrives at the bottom of the menu the user may view one or two blank lines after the last menu choice. By way of illustrative example, in this Phone Book parent menu screen there are five selectable menu choices, three being shown in the first three screens,  320  through  322 , and the last two being shown in screens  323  and  324 . Thus, the user is readily made aware by the appearance of both the blank line or lines appearing after the last menu choice that all of the possible selectable choices in a downward direction have been accessed. Such blank line or lines supplement the information provided to the user by the brackets (earlier described herein) also provided to the user in these displays. 
     What has been described is merely illustrative of the present invention. Other applications to telephone, computer or other user-interactive systems other than the disclosed system are contemplated as being within the knowledge of one skilled in the art. Thus it is to be understood that the disclosed user interface may be utilized in displays and applications, other than those specifically described herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.