Abstract:
Network registration for a device is achieved by providing the device with an RFID chip bearing a MAC address, cryptographic capabilities and keys, and then disposing the device near a registration server (such as a home network server/server TV) to cause the information on the RFID chip to be automatically transferred to the server and thus execute registration of the device on the network automatically, relieving a person from having to enter long strings of numbers.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for RFID/Near Field Communications (NFC) applications. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Attaching new devices such as new digital video disk (DVD) players or digital video recorders (DVRs) to a network such as a home entertainment network can be a trying experience even for engineers, let alone the customers for whom these products are intended. This is because network registration can entail entering long strings of alpha-numeric characters for IP addresses, wired equivalent piracy (WEP) keys, etc. 
     An additional problem of transferring data securely is setting up the initial transactions which often means sending some information in the clear. Sometimes this is a “public key” or seed which, if the other side uses the same algorithm, produces a real encryption key. However, if the algorithm is known, the system is compromised during the clear text transmission. 
     With the above recognitions in mind, the present invention is provided. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A method is disclosed for registering a device in a network. The method includes embedding a MAC address and an encryption data unit on a RFID tag, and engaging the RFID tag with a device. Then, the device is positioned sufficiently close to a network registration component that has an associated RFID writer/reader to enable the writer/reader to obtain the MAC address and encryption data unit. 
     In non-limiting implementations the encryption data unit can be a WEP key, a WEP seed, or a shared secret useful for generating a WEP seed. DES keys, 3DES keys, AES keys, and other methods can also be used. In general, a key associated with any one of these encryption methods is referred to herein as a “variable encryption data unit”. The writer/reader may be mounted on a housing of the registration component or it may be tethered to a housing of the registration component by a cable. If desired, a visual aid can be provided for indicating an approximate location of the RFID tag within a case of the device. 
     In another aspect, a device for a network includes a case and an RFID tag in the case. The RFID tag bears a MAC address unique to the device and an encryption data unit. The tag is readable by a RFID writer/reader to enable a network registration component to obtain the MAC address and encryption data unit to permit registration of the device on the network. 
     In still another aspect, a registration component for automatically registering a device with a network without requiring a user to enter a device ID or key into the component includes a housing, a processor in the housing, and an RFID writer/reader engaged with the housing and connected to the processor. With this combination of structure, a MAC address and an encryption data unit can be obtained from an RFID tag on the device. The processor uses information from the reader/writer to register the device on the network. 
     The details of the present invention, both as to its structure and operation, can best be understood in reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts, and in which: 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a non-limiting system in accordance with the present invention, with portions of the first device sought to be registered cut away for clarity; 
         FIG. 2  is a flow chart of the overall logic for registering a device on a network using radiofrequency identification (RFID); 
         FIG. 3  is a flow chart of a non-limiting process for registration; and 
         FIG. 4  is a flow chart of a non-limiting process for subsequent network communication using WEP keys. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring initially to  FIG. 1 , a system is shown, generally designated  10 , for registering new devices  12 ,  14  preferably having respective processors  12 ,  14   a  with an existing network using RFID proximity principles. As shown in  FIG. 1 , each device  12 ,  14  has a respective RFID tag  16 ,  18  such as but not limited to a Sony “Felica” chip (also known as a “SUICA” chip) that can be mounted inside or attached to the case  20  of a device sought to be registered (as is the case with the first device  12 ) or that can be physically separate from the case and connected to the device via a cable  22  such as a universal serial bus (USB) cable (as is the case with the second device  14 ). 
     In either case, a device  12 ,  14  sought to be registered can be disposed adjacent to a registration component  24  such as a server computer or server TV with server processor  26 . The registration component includes or has tethered to it (via, e.g., a universal serial bus (USB) cable) an RFID writer/reader  28 , and the RFID writer/reader  28  sends data to the processor  26 . A visual aid  30  can be provided on the case  20  of a device  12  sought to be registered indicating the location of an interior RFID tag  16  to aid a person in closely juxtaposing the tag  16  with the writer/reader  28  of the registration component  24 . 
     The device  12 ,  14  sought to be registered can be any appropriate device, including a portable or wireless device such as a remote commander or a device such as a DVD player or DVR that is connected to a server through wires or wirelessly, e.g., using an Ethernet connection, an i.LINK connection, a USB connection, a coaxial cable, etc. Thus, in some implementations the device sought to be registered may be a portable device such as a wireless device utilizing another long range communication link not used in the registration process. The registration component  24  typically is connected to other network devices  32  via a network  34  and network interface  36 . The network  34  can be a home network implemented as an 802.11 network, powerline communication network, Ethernet, or other suitable network backbone. 
     Now referring to  FIG. 2  and using the first device  12  sought to be registered as an example, at block  38  a unique device identification, preferably a media access control (MAC) address, is embedded in the RFID tag  16 . Also embedded in the RFID tag  16  are encryption data units such as encryption keys, preferably WEP keys and/or authentication keys as well as authentication certificates and/or seeds and/or encryption capabilities to enable a shared trusted algorithm to calculate a secure key (or the next secure key). 
     Proceeding to block  40 , the device  12  is held close enough to the registration component  24  to transfer the data on the RFID tag  16  of the device  12  to the RFID writer/reader  28  (and thence to the processor  26 ) of the registration component  24 . This can be done in accordance with RFID principles without powering up the device  12  (and in an inherently secure transmission mode, given the short range of RFID communication) to remove the effort from the customer to manually enter the data into the registration component  24 . At block  42 , using the transferred information including the unique MAC address of the device  12 , the device  12  is registered with the network by the registration component  24  to enable network members to encrypt communications to and from each other with the exception of the fixed MAC addresses of each component, which can be transferred in the clear, because without the key(s) all other communications are unfathomable. 
     By “RFID” is meant any suitable short-range Radio Frequency Identification (which is also referred to as “Near Field Communications” (NFC)) in which an unpowered tag may be “read” by a writer/reader. Specific RFID implementations may be known under various tradenames such as “Felica” and “Mifare” and typically defines a technology consisting of two basic components: an active reader/writer and a passive component device, herein referred to as a tag. A reader/writer transmits a wireless signal to the tag. The tag harvests energy contained in the transmission to power its circuitry enabling the tag to respond to the reader/writer. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 3  for an understanding of one non-limiting way to implement the registration process of block  42  of  FIG. 2  after keys and other device information are received by the registration component  24  from the device  12  by RFID, at block  44  the registration component  24  broadcasts a User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol message requesting the new device  12  to respond. UDP or real time protocol (RTP) or other protocols can also be used. Proceeding to block  46 , the device  12  responds with a UDP/IP message. At block  48  the device  12  establishes a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) communication with the registration component  24 . An encrypted message is sent from the device  12  to the registration component  24 . The message may include the same data transmitted by the near field communication. 
     Proceeding to block  50 , the registration component  24  returns an acknowledgement to the device  12 . The registration component  24  also compares both data. If they are identical at decision diamond  52 , the device  12  is identified as the right device and registered at block  54 ; otherwise, registration is refused at block  56 . 
       FIG. 4  shows how the WEP keys and other information transferred to the registration component  24  by the above-described RFID process subsequently may be used. The seed mentioned above, which may also be referred to as a “keyschedule”, may be prepared and stored on the RFID tag  16  as follows, or it may be prepared at block  60  prior to each message transmission as follows (in which case the below-mentioned shared secret is embedded on the RFID tag  16  and provided to the registration component  24  during the above registration process). The seed is generated by concatenating a shared secret key (supplied on the RFID tag  16  or elsewhere if a reusable seed is not pre-stored on the RFID tag  16 ) with a randomly-generated twenty four bit initialization vector (IV). The IV lengthens the life of the secret key because the IV can be changed for each frame transmission. Then, at block  62  the resulting “seed” is input into a pseudo-random number generator that produces a keystream equal to the length of the message frame&#39;s payload plus a thirty two bit integrity check value (ICV). 
     The ICV is a check sum that the receiving station recalculates at block  64  and compares to the one sent by the sending station at decision diamond  66  to determine whether the transmitted data underwent any form of tampering while in transit. If the receiving station calculates an ICV that doesn&#39;t match the one found in the frame, then the receiving station can reject the frame or flag the user at block  68 ; otherwise, the message is decrypted and processed at block  70 . 
     WEP specifies a shared secret key (forty bits or sixth four bits in length) to encrypt and decrypt data. Some implementations also use 128 bit keys (known as “WEP2”). Other implementations can use keys of other lengths, e.g., AES can use 64, 128, or 196 bit keys. With WEP, the receiving station must use the same key for decryption, requiring each node in the network to be configured with the same key. It is this configuration that is automatically done herein using RFID, relieving the user of having to manually program each device  12 ,  14  sought to be registered. 
     In non-limiting implementations, before transmission takes place, the keystream may be combined with the payload/ICV through a bitwise XOR process, which produces ciphertext (encrypted data). The IV can be included in the clear (unencrypted) within the first few bytes of the frame body. The receiving station uses this IV along with the shared secret key supplied by the above-described RFID process to decrypt the payload portion of the frame body. 
     If desired, the sending station can use a different IV for each frame, although as mentioned above a single seed may be initially supplied on the RFID tag  16  and re-used. When transmitting messages having a common beginning, such as the “FROM” address in an e-mail, the beginning of each encrypted payload is equivalent when using the same key. After encrypting the data, the beginnings of these frames are the same, offering a pattern that can aid hackers in cracking the encryption algorithm. Accordingly, using a different IV for most frames, this type of attack can be foiled. The frequent changing of IVs also improves the ability to safeguard against someone compromising the data. 
     It should be noted that RFID tag data itself can be encrypted so that is can be read only by a RFID reader writer that supports decryption. For example, when Felica is used, it can be used in the clear or encrypted. In one implementation, the method above may be implemented “in the clear” inside the Felica NVM using the near field as protection against outside listeners. Alternatively, when, for instance, Suica cards are used, the Felica encryption is enabled, in effect establishing a “link layer” protection as opposed to protection at the application layer such that all the data on the card, token, etc. is scrambled to everyone except a Felica Reader/Writer that is licensed for decryption. 
     While the particular SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RFID TRANSFER OF MAC, KEYS is herein shown and described in detail, it is to be understood that the subject matter which is encompassed by the present invention is limited only by the claims.