Abstract:
A retraction system for rudders for small boats having a deck comprising
       a rudder   means connecting said rudder to the rear of a boat enabling said rudder to pivot on an axis such that when the rudder is retracted, it rotates upwardly through about 270° from the normal operating position in the water while twisting about 90° so as to lay essentially flat on said deck.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/835,271, filed Aug. 2, 2006. 

   FIELD OF INVENTION 
   This invention relates to retraction systems for rudders for small boats. 
   BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
   Beachable boats have used retractable rudders for many years and there have been many variations of methods to retract the rudder. 
   Rudder assemblies commonly have the ability to;
         1) Securely hold the rudder in a vertical or down position for use while the vessel is underway.   2) Securely hold the rudder in a retracted or up position for times when it is desirable to have the rudder in the retracted position.   3) Break free of the vertical or down position when the rudder strikes a submerged object of the lake/ocean bottom without causing damage to the rudder assembly.   4) Raise or lower the rudder to the desired positions using one of a combination of a variety of devices including ropes, levers, cams, and springs.       

   One problem with the existing rudder assemblies is that the rudder is still standing proud and is vulnerable to damage when it is retracted.
         1) U.S. Pat. No. 6,739,276 describes a mechanism for retracting the rudder, but the rudder is always vulnerable in all of the positions.   2) U.S. Pat. No. 6,684,804 describes a design that is not vulnerable because it is flexible, but it does not have good authority to turn the boat and the rudder adds dimension to the boat.   3) U.S. Pat. No. 5,713,295 describes a rudder that is not vulnerable, but it would not have good authority to turn the boat.   4) U.S. Pat. No. 4,556,006 describes a retracting system but the rudder is vulnerable in all positions.       

   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   A retraction system for rudders for small boats having hull, cockpit and a deck comprising 
   a rudder 
   means connecting said rudder to the rear of a boat enabling said rudder to pivot on an axis such that when the rudder is retracted, it rotates upwardly through about 270° from the normal operating position in the water while twisting about 90° so as to lay flat on said deck. 
   In the present invention in which the rudder retraction system allows the rudder to lay flat on the deck of the stern when the rudder is retracted, the rudder pivots on an axis that is at an angle such that when the rudder is retracted it rotates through about 270° from the normal operating position and twists about 90°. 
   The angle of the axis that the rudder head rotates about is a compound angle. First, while looking down on the rudder, the rudder head rotates counter clockwise about 45° and then in the orthogonal and vertical plane rotates aft about 55°. 
   The rudder has one control line to rotate the rudder down and one to rotate the rudder up. Tension in the down control line holds the rudder in the down position. When the rudder is in the down position and the rudder hits an object or the beach there is enough stretch or give in the down control line that the rudder can swing back and out of the way. A bungi cord may be used in series with the down control line to increase stretch. After the encounter the rudder will swing back into the down position. 
   The up/down control lines lead forward to a lever on the right side of the boat just behind the cockpit. A 180° rotation of the lever will move the rudder from full retracted position to the full down or operation position and visa versa. 
   When the rudder begins to swing up the motion of the rudder is back and to the side. Tension in the down control line is enough to prevent the rudder from swinging back, but the rudder can generate large force to the side and these side forces must be transmitted to the hull as these are the forces required to turn the boat. The rudder must not be allowed to rotate up as a result of side loads and tension in the down control line is not enough to prevent the rudder from rotating up as a result of side loads. 
   The rudder mount has a hook that engages a detent in the rudder head when a side force is applied to the rudder. This hook withstands the pressure and prevents the rudder from rotating up under side loading. 
   In the preferred embodiment, the rudder head has 6 holes to receive 6 screws for attaching the rudder blade. A normal or large rudder blade can be attached. 
   The rudder mount has two bearings to allow the rudder mount to pivot about a vertical axis. This rotation rotates the rudder to steer the boat. Both up/down control lines enter the rudder mount through a small hole near this vertical axis or point of rotation so that tension in these control lines does not change as the rudder turns from right to left. After the control lines enter the rudder mount they split and go in opposite direction around a quadrant which is part of the rudder head. The up control line goes up and around the quadrant so that tension in this line will cause the rudder head to rotate up. The down control line goes down and around the quadrant so that tension in this line will cause the rudder head to rotate down. 
   There are two more control lines for turning the rudder to the left or right. These control lines lead forward to a lever on the left side of the boat near the cockpit. A 70 degree rotation of this lever will rotate the rudder from full left turn to full right turn. The rudder turns approximately +/−45° from straight ahead. 
   OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES 
   The main objective of the design is to make rudder as compact and invulnerable as possible when it is in the retracted position. Since the rudder is generally flat and the deck of the back of the boat is flat, it makes sense to stow the rudder flat on the back of the deck. When the rudder is retracted it adds very little dimension to the boat. This feature was very desirable because the rudder can be installed at the factory and the boat can be shipped with the rudder installed. 
   A further benefit is that the rudder provides a very low profile or no windage when it is retracted. If the rudder is exposed to the wind it may tend to turn the boat into the wind which is not desirable. 
   The rudder retraction system allows the rudder to be positioned on the deck when not in use and yet is readily deployed when the boat is put to use. The rudder in use in the normal operating position is effective in steering the boat. At the same time, should the rudder strike a submerged object, the rudder gives way and thereby avoids being damaged. 

   
     THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a side view of the rudder assembly in the down position with the rudder in the water on a typical kayak. 
       FIG. 2  is a top view of the rudder assembly in the down position on a typical kayak. 
       FIG. 3  is an isometric view of the rudder assembly going through the full motion from down position or operation position to the up or retracted position. 
       FIG. 4  shows the up and down control lines wrapping around the quadrant. 
       FIG. 5  shows the steering lines going to the steering handle lever and the up/down lines going to the up/down control lever. 
       FIG. 6  shows the hook engaging the detent to keep the rudder from rotating up under side loads and  FIG. 6A  shows these parts shortly after disengagement. More particularly, 
       FIG. 6  shows the following:
         1. A partial side view of the hull, rudder, rudder head, rudder mount.   2. A section taken along the line E-E in 1 to show the engagement of the hook on the rudder mount and detent on the rudder head.   3. A section taken at F in 2 showing an enlargement of the hook and detent as engaged.   4. A side view of a small boat with the retraction system at A, the rudder being directly down in the water.       
       FIG. 6A  depicts the same parts and views as  FIG. 6 , showing, however, the hook and detent shortly after disengagement and the beginning of the rotation of the rudder so that the leading edge of the rudder is starting to move away from the hull. 
       FIG. 7  shows the exploded view of the parts in the rudder assembly. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   Considering the drawings in more detail, the rudder mount  1  is pinned to the hull  2  with pin  5 . The rudder head  3  is pivotally bolted to the rudder mount  1  with bolt  6 . The rudder blade  4  is fastened to the rudder head  3  with six 10-32 screws  7  and six 10-32 lock nuts  8 . 
   The rudder mount  1  is free to pivot on the transom  25  of the hull  2 . The left steering line  13  exits the hull  2  and passes through a hole through the center of bolt  6 . The left steering line  13  is then clamped under the 10-32 screw  11 . The right steering line  14  exits the hull  2  at small hole  26  and passes through a hole in the rudder mount  1  and is clamped under the 10-32 screw  12 . 
   The forward end of the left steering line  13  attaches to the right hand end of the steering control lever  17 . The forward end of the right steering line  14  attaches to the left hand end of the steering control lever  17 . Turning the steering handle  18  adjacent cockpit  29  to the right will rotate the rudder to the left which will turn the boat to the right. 
   The trim of the rudder and the tension in the steering lines  13  and  14  can be adjusted with these screws  11  and  12 . The lines  13  and  14  should be adjusted so that the rudder blade  4  is pointed straight ahead when the steering handle  18  is in the middle of its travel. The tension in the lines  13  and  14  should be adjusted so they are tight enough so that there is no play, but not so tight that there is excessive friction in the system. 
   The up control line  15  exits the transom of hull  2  and passes through two small holes in the rudder mount  1 . After the second hole it goes up and around the quadrant  30  on the rudder head  3 . The line passes through a small hole  21  in the rudder head  3  and then it is clamped under the 10-32 screw  9 . The down control line  16  exits the transom of hull  2  and passes through the same two holes in the rudder mount  1 . After the second hole it goes down and around the quadrant  30  on the rudder head  3 . The line goes through the small hole  22  on the rudder head  3  and it is clamped under 10-32 screw  22 . 
   The forward end of the down control line  16  goes forward and around the cheek block  23  and back to the up/down control lever  19  so that when the up/down control lever  19  adjacent cockpit  29  is moved forward the rudder goes down. The up control line  15  goes forward directly to the up/down control lever  19 . 
     FIG. 3  shows the rudder blade  4  as it rotates upwardly starting at the normal down or vertical position in the water at the rear of hull  2 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , as the rudder blade  4  moves upwardly through 270°, from positions A through E, simultaneously the rudder blade  4  rotates through 90° so that the rudder blade  4  lays flat on the deck or top surface  10  of hull  2 . 
   The tension in the up/down control lines  15  and  16  can be adjusted with the screws  9  and  10 . The tension in the down control line  16  should be adjusted so that when the rudder is in the down position and up/down control handle  20  adjacent cockpit  29  is in the forward position there should be about 5 pounds of tension in the line. In this position the up control line should have about a ¼″ of slack in it. When the up/down control handle is rotated 180° to the back position the rudder will rotate through 270° and lay flat on the deck  10  in the retracted position. 
   Tension in the down control line  16  is sufficient to keep the rudder down ordinarily. If the rudder blade  4  generates a significant lateral load while making a right turn or while sailing on a starboard tack the tension in the down control line is not sufficient to keep the rudder down. This lateral load will cause the rudder head  3  to move to the left and the hook  24  will engage the detent  23 . In order for the rudder head  3  to move to the left there needs to be some freedom of movement between the rudder mount  1  and the rudder head  3 . If the rudder head  3  rotates straight back as if the rudder hit a submerged object or if the up control line  15  is pulled, the hook  24  will not engage the detent  28 . 
   Freedom of movement between the rudder mount  1  and the rudder head  3  is provided by about 0.022″ clearance between the bolt  6  and the mating hole in the rudder head  3 . The bolt is tightly threaded into the rudder mount  1 . The bolt cannot be too tight.