Abstract:
A digital power-on reset circuit for an electronic device includes at least one reset register and a comparator circuit. The power-on reset circuit is incorporated into the electronic device and the comparator circuit is configured to compare values in the at least one reset register with at least one predetermined value when a power-on reset state is determined and generate a reset signal when the values do not match the at least one predetermined value.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0002]     The present invention relates to a power-on reset used in restoring a storage device, register, or memory to a predetermined state when power is applied. The present invention further relates to digital power-on reset simplifying operation of the device.  
         [0003]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0004]     A power-on reset is used in restoring a storage device, register, or memory to a predetermined state when power is applied. A power-on reset circuit is a necessary circuit for most systems to have. A system generates power-on reset signals to reset all subsystems and to make sure all things are initialized properly. All subsystems, including chips, rely on an external reset signal to reset the chips. In the prior art systems, a dedicated analog circuit is used to generate the reset signal.  
         [0005]     The power-on reset circuit detects the power-on condition, and outputs reset signals to reset other circuits. The reset circuit is responsible for generating enough reset time. The output reset signal may last for a sufficient period to make sure all components are properly reset.  
         [0006]      FIG. 1  illustrates the behavior of the chip after power-on. When power-on occurs, step  101 , the chip detects the reset signal, step  102 . If the reset signal is keeping on, the chip will always be in a reset state, step  103 . After the reset signal is off, the chip will start chip initialization, step  104 , and get into service when initialization is done, in step  105 . The power-on reset event should occur only once after power-on.  
         [0007]      FIG. 2  illustrates a traditional wire connection between a reset circuit  201  and chips  202 . For the reset circuit  201 , after the power is on, the reset circuit  201  will detect the condition, and generate a reset cycle to all chips  202 . The quality of a reset signal is very important. The reset signal has to be most nearly a square wave. Any instability may cause the system to become locked up. Such instabilities, such as a glitch, will improperly reset the chip.  
         [0008]      FIG. 3  illustrates a simple power-on reset circuit. It is an analog circuit and relies on a capacitor C to detect the power-on condition. After the power is on, the capacitor C is not charged, and its voltage is zero. The power VCC will charge the capacitor C through resistor R. Before the capacitor C is fully charged, the circuit has enough time to reset other components  301 . A length of the reset time is based on a value of resistor R and capacitor C, i.e. the RC pair. And after capacitor C is fully charged, the reset cycle is also finish. This makes sure the power-on reset event only occur once. The circuit or similar ones are widely used to perform the power-on function, and such a circuit is not costly. Since the output of RC pair is not a perfect square wave, a filter, like a Schmitt trigger, is also integrated into the circuit.  
         [0009]     The general flow of a power-on process is illustrated in  FIG. 4 . In step  401 , the power-on event occurs and a reset signal is generated, in step  402 . Thereafter, the reset is complete, in step  403 , and the process ends.  
         [0010]     However, there are drawbacks in the approach. The power-on reset circuit is an analog type circuit, and is not able to be built in digital chip. It can only be installed outside the chips that need to be reset. The chips that need to be reset require a dedicated input pin to get the reset status. The quality of the reset signal is also of concern, since a glitch or any unstable voltage is not permitted. However, the usage of filter can improve the quality of this voltage in the prior art. Thus, there is a need for an improved power-on reset circuit that does not have at least some of the drawbacks discussed above. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0011]     The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further under-standing of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention that together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention, wherein:  
         [0012]      FIG. 1  illustrates a process of resetting and initializing a chip;  
         [0013]      FIG. 2  illustrates a connection between a reset circuit and chips that receive a reset signal;  
         [0014]      FIG. 3  illustrates a schematic of a power-on reset circuit;  
         [0015]      FIG. 4  illustrates a process of powering on and generating the reset signal;  
         [0016]      FIG. 5  illustrates a reset circuit within a chip, according to one embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0017]      FIG. 6  illustrates a process of performing a power-on reset, according to one embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0018]      FIG. 7  illustrates a process of performing a power-on reset, according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0019]     Reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.  
         [0020]     The present invention proposes an alternative solution to the prior art external power-on reset circuits. By using a digital circuit, namely a digital power on reset controller  501 , it can perform the same functions. As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the reset circuit  501  can be built in a digital chip  502  easily. It can detect if the chip has been reset or not after power-on. If the chip  502  has not been reset after power on, the reset circuit  501  then generates the reset signal internally to reset the chip  502 . Only digital components are used to construct the reset circuit  501 . Since only digital components are required, the reset circuit  501  can be integrated into digital chips, and, thus, no external reset pin is need in this embodiment.  
         [0021]     Since, according to this embodiment, no external pin is required, there is no problem with the reset signal quality, as with the analog circuits discussed above. Since the circuit is pure digital, a near perfect reset signal can be generated.  
         [0022]     The approach uses a set of registers called reset registers. The reset registers do not have any reset input. After power is on, the value of reset registers is supposed to be unknown. The value of the reset registers may be 0, 1, 2, or any random number. If the value of reset registers is compared to a magic number, like 0×55, 0×AA, or any unique number, the result should be not equal.  
         [0023]     Since the comparison of the reset register with the magic number is not equal right after power on, the reset circuit  501  will begin to initialize the reset registers with the unique magic number, thereby avoiding the reset circuit  501  from detecting the power-on event again. Then, the circuit generates the reset signal. Using a counter, the length of reset time is easily controlled. Since logic gates and registers can implement the approach, the generated reset signal is pure digital. It is easy to guarantee the quality of the signal.  
         [0024]     The process is also illustrated in  FIG. 6 . In step  601 , the power-on event commences. In step  602 , the values of the reset registers are compared with a magic number. If the magic number and the register values are the same, then the process ends, since there is no need for the reset signal to be generated. When the register values do not match the magic number, the reset registers are initialized, step  603 , and the reset signal is generated, in step  604 . Thereafter, the reset process is finished, in step  605 .  
         [0025]     After the whole reset cycle is done, the value of the reset registers is equal to the magic number now. Thus, the reset signal generation event need not happen again. Only one reset event happens after power-on.  
         [0026]     The present invention, according to certain embodiments, has a set of reset registers and a magic number. If the reset registers are composed of n registers, then after power-on, the probability of the reset registers value come out to be the magic number is 1/(2n). The greater the number of reset registers, the lower the probability that a false match could occur and result in an increased correctness of the approach.  
         [0027]     The choice of magic number is also important. If all zeros or all ones were chosen as the magic number, then the reset registers with same physical characteristic may come out the value of all zeros or all ones. If the value with zeros and ones mixed is selected, the likelihood of false positive is reduced. The safest number is half of the bits are all zeros, and the other is all ones, like 0×55 or 0×AA. It is rare for the reset registers to come out to such values after power-on.  
         [0028]     According to most embodiments, only a series of registers and simple circuit are needed. The effort for implementation is simple when compared to many other application circuits. And since the circuit is digital, it may be easily integrated into digital chips.  
         [0029]     One problem can arise if there is also a need for a manual reset from the system. In that case, an external pin to indicate the situation may be necessary. As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , and alternate process is implemented to comport with the use of an external pin. The steps from the process of  FIG. 6  remain the same, i.e., steps  601 - 605  are implemented as steps  700 ,  701 ,  704 ,  705  and  706 , respectively. A step  703  is added to reset the filter and a synchronization to perform the desired function. The process flow is the same and the power-on reset task is processed as usual. However, in step  703 , it is determined whether a signal from an external reset input,  702 , to decide whether to manual reset the system or not.  
         [0030]     During power-on, no matter whether the input from the external reset input  702  is zero or one, the power-on reset circuit will perform its function. After reset, once the external reset input is asserted, the reset circuit will be activated again.  
         [0031]     The reset filter and synchronization step  703  also performs a reset filtering function to filter the glitch input from external reset input  702 , and synchronize the phase to system clock domain. This is important to avoid the issues associated with the analog systems discussed above.  
         [0032]     In summary, the digital power-on reset controller of the present invention provides a low cost way of generating the power-on reset signal. It is easy to implement and can be an embedded circuit for most chips that need the function. In addition, the input reset pin can be removed when there is no need for an external reset. Moreover, the signal quality of the rest signal is fully digital and less prone to glitches.  
         [0033]     The above-discussed configuration of the invention is, in a preferred embodiment, embodied on a semiconductor substrate, such as silicon, with appropriate semiconductor manufacturing techniques and based upon a circuit layout which would, based upon the embodiments discussed above, be apparent to those skilled in the art. A person of skill in the art with respect to semiconductor design and manufacturing would be able to implement the various modules, interfaces, and tables, buffers, etc. of the present invention onto a single semiconductor substrate, based upon the architectural description discussed above. It would also be within the scope of the invention to implement the disclosed elements of the invention in discrete electronic components, thereby taking advantage of the functional aspects of the invention without maximizing the advantages through the use of a single semiconductor substrate.  
         [0034]     With respect to the present invention, the devices discussed herein may be any electronic device that utilizes a power-on reset. These devices may also include network devices and can include switches, routers, bridges, gateways or servers.  
         [0035]     The foregoing description has been directed to specific embodiments of this invention. It will be apparent, however, that other variations and modifications may be made to the described embodiments, with the attainment of some or all of their advantages. Therefore, it is the object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of the invention.