Abstract:
Methods, apparatus, and computer-readable mediums for recognizing or identifying the location of characters within a computer image or display are provided. These methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable mediums make use of dynamic link libraries (“DLLs”) and application program interfaces (“APIs”) to locate, indicate the state of, and return the coordinates of specified characters or text within an image or display. The returned state and coordinates of the characters may also be used in conjunction with automated testing programs to assist the programs in delivering precise instructions to computer programs being tested. Further, the methods and computer-readable mediums make use of one or more operating system independent video and input/output redirection devices that allow remote control of a computer system from any network-connected location. By using such redirection devices in conjunction with an automated testing program utilizing character coordinates, software components may be precisely and efficiently tested from virtually anywhere in the world.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
         [0001]    Embodiments of the invention relate generally to the field of character coordinate recognition or identification. More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to utilizing character coordinates in the field of automated software testing.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    One of the most important parts of the software development process is the process of software testing. Testing refers to the process of repetitively executing portions of a computer program to ensure that the program is functioning correctly and to identify errors within the executing program code. Because the testing process can be very repetitive, and therefore stressful on humans, automated testing programs have been developed that simulate human user input to a computer program. In particular, scripts can be generated for use with an automated testing program that simulate user input to the program to be tested in a particular order. For instance, a script may contain instructions for entering keystrokes, mouse movement and selection, and other types of user input commands. In order to execute instructions contained in such a script for dynamically navigating through the bitmapped images generated by the program being tested, the automated testing program must receive coordinates that identify where certain characters or text are located within the bitmapped screen display. Character coordinates enable the automated testing program to simulate user input and locate specific graphics or text within a bitmapped image so that script instructions may be executed upon elements shown in the bitmapped image, such as menus, user interface elements, and the like.  
           [0003]    Traditionally, automated testing programs, optical character recognition (“OCR”) programs, and other similar programs do not provide the coordinates of where characters or text are located within bitmap images. In the case of automated testing programs, the user must specify the coordinates or location of the characters. This enables the automated testing program to locate the specified characters or text within the bitmapped image generated by the software being tested. However, requiring user input of the desired coordinates greatly hinders the software testing process because the user performing the testing may not know the coordinates of the text or characters being sought. In the alternative, routines that submit every possible coordinate to the automated testing program with hopes of finding the desired text are unreliable and time consuming. This may be extremely inconvenient when it is necessary to test the software components of any computer system, especially those located across the country or even the world.  
           [0004]    It is with respect to these considerations and others that the various embodiments of the present invention have been made.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    In accordance with the present invention, the above and other problems are solved by methods for identifying or recognizing the coordinates of characters (“character coordinates”) located within a bitmapped image. These methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable mediums make use of dynamic link libraries (“DLLs”) and application program interfaces (“APIs”) to locate, indicate the state of, and return the coordinates of specified characters or text within a bitmapped image or display. The returned state and coordinates of the characters may be used in conjunction with automated testing programs to assist the programs in delivering precise instructions to computer programs being tested. Further, the methods and computer-readable mediums may make use of one or more operating system independent video and input/output redirection devices that allow remote control of a computer system from any network-connected location. By using such redirection devices in conjunction with an automated testing program utilizing character coordinates, software components may be precisely and efficiently tested from virtually anywhere in the world.  
           [0006]    In accordance with featured aspects, the invention relates to a method for identifying the location of characters or text within a bitmapped image or display. According to the method, a computer receives a search string that identifies the characters or text to be found. Next, a bitmap of the search string characters and a request to locate the search string within the image are generated. In order to locate the search string within the image, a comparison of the bitmap of the search string is made with the entire image. If the bitmap of the search string is found within the image, the location of the search string characters or text is returned. The location may be expressed in pixel coordinates.  
           [0007]    In accordance with other features of the present invention, the bitmap of the search string may be generated using specified text color, background color, and font type and size. These characteristics may be expressed as a range or as a specific entry. Further, indicators as to whether the characters of the search string are bold, italic, underlined, or strikethrough may be used to generate the bitmap of the search string.  
           [0008]    In the alternative, the present invention may compare binary representations of the search string and image instead of bitmaps. This capability counters distortion and allows for tolerance when dealing with images containing fonts that are not scalable. Colors within the image that are within a designated range of the specified text color are given a value in the binary representation that is equal to the text color value. Moreover, indicators as to whether the inverse of the binary representation of the search string is present within the image may be returned along with its location. This feature informs the user as to whether the search string characters have been highlighted within the image. In addition to the location of the search string and an indication as to whether the text has been highlighted, the present invention may return the value of text adjacent to the search string text. This feature may be used to identify text located in an optional field.  
           [0009]    In accordance with other featured aspects, the invention relates to a method for identifying the location of characters within a display generated by a remote computer where the character locations are used for testing a computer program executing on the remote computer and the computer program is tested from a local computer utilizing an automated testing program. According to the method, the remote computer executes a computer program to be tested. The video output of the remote computer, including the bitmapped screen display generated by the computer program to be tested, is transmitted to the remote computer. The video output of the remote computer, including the screen display generated by the program to be tested, may then be displayed at the local computer.  
           [0010]    User input commands may be generated at the local computer by an automated testing program utilizing returned character coordinates to help precisely determine where certain text is located. By identifying the location of a menu item within a screen display, additional user input commands may be generated for execution on the remote computer. The user input commands are then transmitted from the local computer to the remote computer and executed at the remote computer to control the operation of the computer program to be tested. The input commands are executed at the remote computer as if the commands were physically generated at the remote computer by one or more input devices physically connected to the remote computer.  
           [0011]    Aspects of the invention may be implemented as a computer process, a computing system, or as an article of manufacture such as a computer program product or computer-readable medium. The computer program product may be a computer storage media readable by a computer system and encoding a computer program of instructions for executing a computer process. The computer program product may also be a propagated signal on a carrier readable by a computing system and encoding a computer program of instructions for executing a computer process.  
           [0012]    These and various other features as well as advantages, which characterize the present invention, will be apparent from a reading of the following detailed description and a review of the associated drawings. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0013]    [0013]FIG. 1 illustrates a computer architecture for a computer system utilized in the various embodiments of the invention;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 2 shows a system for remotely testing a computer program provided in another embodiment of the invention;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 3 illustrates an operational flow for identifying the location of one or more characters within an image utilized in one embodiment of the invention;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate an image and a bitmapped search string produced by a computer provided in an embodiment of the invention;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 5 illustrates an operational flow for recognizing the location of one or more characters within an image utilized in another embodiment of the invention;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 6 illustrates a process for converting an image or display to a binary representation in another embodiment of the invention;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate a process for converting characters to binary representations based on associated vector values in another embodiment of the invention;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 8 illustrates an operational flow for identifying the location of characters within a display generated on a remote computer and for returning the character coordinates to an automated testing program in one embodiment of the invention; and  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 9 illustrates an operational flow for recognizing the coordinates of characters within a display generated on a first computer wherein the character coordinates are used for testing a computer program executing on the first computer from a second computer in another embodiment of the invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0022]    As described briefly above, embodiments of the present invention provide methods, apparatus, and computer-readable mediums for identifying or identifying the coordinates of characters or text within a bitmapped image or display. In the following detailed description, references are made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments or examples. These embodiments may be combined, other embodiments may be utilized, and structural changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.  
         [0023]    Referring now to the drawings, in which like numerals represent like elements throughout the several figures, aspects of the present invention and the illustrative operating environment will be described. FIGS. 1-2 and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment in which the embodiments of the invention may be implemented. While the invention will be described in the general context of program modules that execute in conjunction with an application program that runs on an operating system on a personal computer, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may also be implemented in combination with other program modules.  
         [0024]    Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, and other types of structures that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including hand-held devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.  
         [0025]    Referring now to FIG. 1, an illustrative computer architecture for a local computer  4  for practicing the various embodiments of the invention will be described. The computer architecture shown in FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional server or personal computer, including a central processing unit  16  (“CPU”), a system memory  24 , including a random access memory  26  (“RAM”) and a read-only memory (“ROM”)  28 , and a system bus  22  that couples the memory to the CPU  16 . A basic input/output system (“BIOS”)  30  containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computer, such as during startup, is stored in the ROM  28 . The computer  4  further includes a mass storage device  34  for storing an operating system  32  suitable for controlling the operation of a networked computer, such as the WINDOWS NT or XP operating systems from MICROSOFT CORPORATION of Redmond, Wash. The mass storage device  34  also stores application programs, such as a computer program  8 , an automated testing program  10 , a character coordinate recognition DLL  9 , a BIOS DLL  5 , a Web browser application  6 , plug-in  7 , and data, such as test scripts  11  used by the automated testing program  10 . The character coordinate DLL  9  or BIOS DLL  5  are called to locate specific text within an image and return the text or character coordinates. The DLL  9  or BIOS DLL  5  may return coordinates to automated testing program  10  which works in conjunction with test scripts  11  to test computer program  8 . The computer program  8  may be tested when stored on the local computer  4  or when stored on a remote computer when the automated testing program on the local computer  4  is utilized in conjunction with plug-in  7 , Web browser  6 , and the redirection device  12  described below. Additional details regarding each of these software components will be provided below.  
         [0026]    The mass storage device  34  is connected to the CPU  16  through a mass storage controller (not shown) connected to the bus  22 . The mass storage device  34  and its associated computer-readable media, provide non-volatile storage for the computer  4 . Although the description of computer-readable media contained herein refers to a mass storage device, such as a hard disk or CD-ROM drive, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer  4 .  
         [0027]    By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other solid state memory technology, CD-ROM, DVD, or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the computer.  
         [0028]    According to various embodiments of the invention, the computer  4  may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to remote computers through a network  14 , such as the Internet or a LAN. The computer  4  may connect to the network  14  through a network interface unit  18  connected to the bus  22 . It should be appreciated that the network interface unit  18  may also be utilized to connect to other types of networks and remote computer systems. The computer  4  may also include an input/output controller  20  for receiving and processing input from a number of devices, including a keyboard, mouse, or electronic stylus (not shown in FIG. 1). Similarly, an input/output controller  20  may provide output to a display screen, a printer, or other type of output device.  
         [0029]    The computer  4  may also include an operating system independent video and input/output redirection device  12  (“a redirection device”). The redirection device  12  may be internal or external to the computer  4 . The redirection device receives and compresses the video output of the computer  4  for transmission over the network  14 . The redirection device  12  also transmits the compressed screen displays to a plug-in  7  executing on a similarly configured but remotely located computer, where the data may be decompressed and displayed. Because the redirection device  12  is implemented in hardware, operation of the redirection device  12  is not dependent on the execution of a particular type of operating system  32 . Moreover, because the redirection device  12  is implemented in hardware, the operating system  32  does not have to be loaded by the computer  4  for the screen displays of the computer  4  to be compressed and transmitted. In this manner, the computer  4  may be remotely controlled immediately after it is powered on and without the need to load any operating system. In this manner, for instance, functions provided by the BIOS  30  for configuring the computer  4  may be remotely controlled without the need for operating system support.  
         [0030]    The redirection device  12  also includes input/output ports for connecting peripheral input devices that would otherwise be connected to the computer  4 . In particular, a mouse and keyboard (not shown in FIG. 1) may be directly connected to the redirection device  12 . Input commands received by these devices may then be passed by the redirection device  12  to the input/output controller  20 . Additionally, user input commands may also be received by the plug-in  7  at a remotely located computer. These commands may be generated by a user or by an automated testing program  10  and are transmitted by the plug-in  7  to the redirection device  12 . The remotely generated commands are also passed from the redirection device  12  to the input/output controller  20  for execution on the computer  4  as if the commands were generated locally. In this manner, the operation of the computer  4  and, in particular, the operation of the computer program  8 , the operating system  32 , or the BIOS  30  may be completely controlled from a remotely located computer.  
         [0031]    Turning now to FIG. 2, a system for remotely testing a computer program provided in one embodiment of the invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the system includes a local computer  4 . As described above with respect to FIG. 1, the local computer  4  comprises a standard personal or server computer operative to execute a Web browser application program  6 , such as the INTERNET EXPLORER browser from MICROSOFT CORPORATION of Redmond, Wash. Alternatively, the local computer  4  may comprise another type of computing device operative to access a network  14 , such as a personal digital assistant or other type of computer. The local computer  4  is also connected to a network  14 , such as a LAN or the Internet. It should be appreciated, however, that the local computer  4  may be configured for communication over other types of distributed computing networks.  
         [0032]    The local computer  4  also includes a plug-in  7  for use in conjunction with the Web browser  6 . As known to those skilled in the art, plug-ins may be created utilizing ACTIVEX technology from MICROSOFT CORPORATION, JAVA from SUN MICROSYSTEMS, or other similar technologies from other vendors, that allow special functions to be performed within a Web browser. In particular, the plug-in  7  executes in conjunction with the Web browser  6  and communicates with a redirection device  12  operating in conjunction with a remote computer  2 . As will be described in greater detail below, the plug-in  7  receives screen displays from the redirection device  12  and displays them at the local computer  4 . The plug-in  7  also receives user input commands, such as mouse or keyboard commands, from an automated testing program  10  executing on the local computer  4  and transmits these commands to the redirection device  12 . The redirection device  12  may then provide the commands to remote computer  2 , where they may be executed on the remote computer  2  as if they were physically received via an input device connected directly to the remote computer  2 .  
         [0033]    The automated testing program  10  comprises an application program for testing the functionality of programs executing on a computer system. In particular, the automated testing program  10  allows the creation and execution of test scripts  11  that define a sequence of user interface commands that should be executed on the computer  4 . When the test scripts are executed by the automated testing program  10 , the input commands are transmitted and executed on the computer as if the commands were generated by a user physically utilizing the computer. For instance, keystrokes, mouse movements, mouse clicks, and other types of user interface commands may be generated. As will be discussed in greater detail below, the user interface commands generated by the automated testing program  10  may be applied to a user interface window displayed at the local computer  4  by the plug-in  7  and including a screen display generated by the computer program  8  executing on the remote computer  2 . The user interface commands directed to the window provided by the plug-in  7  may then be intercepted by the plug-in  7  and transmitted to the remote computer  2  for execution thereupon. One example of an automated testing program  10  is the WINRUNNER automated testing program provided by MERCURY INTERACTIVE, INC., of Sunnyvale, Calif. It should be appreciated that other types of automated testing programs may be similarly utilized. These automated testing programs request character or text coordinates but do not provide them.  
         [0034]    The character coordinate DLL  9  or the BIOS DLL  5  may be called during the execution of test scripts  11  by the automated test program  10 . DLL  9  contains functions to set the text and background colors, font size, font type, and font characteristics, such as bold or underline. Also, BIOS DLL  5  and DLL  9  both contain functions to create bitmaps of the search string and image utilizing win 32  APIs, and functions for finding the search string within the image and returning its coordinates. Furthermore, BIOS DLL  5  is equipped with a function to indicate whether the search string has been highlighted or selected within the image and a function to locate and return the text next to the search string. Character or text coordinates, highlight indications and specific text may be used by automated test program  10  in creating test scripts that include the returned coordinates. For instance, the coordinates may be used in a test script to instruct a mouse as to where to click on a “My Computer” icon located within an image. Additional details regarding the operation of DLL  9  and BIOS DLL  5  in conjunction with automated test program  10  will be provided below with respect to FIGS. 2 and 6- 9 .  
         [0035]    The remote computer  2  also comprises a standard desktop or server computer system. The remote computer  2  is connected to the network  14  and is operative to execute a computer program  8  to be tested. The computer program  8  to be tested may comprise an operating system  32  program, a BIOS, an application program, or any other type of program capable of being executed on the remote computer  2 . The remote computer  2  also supports the use of a redirection device. As discussed above with respect to FIG. 1, the redirection device  12  receives the video output of the remote computer  2  and compresses the video output for transmission to the plug-in  7  executing on the local computer  4 . The redirection device then transmits the compressed video output of the remote computer  4  to the plug-in  7  executing on the local computer  2  via the network connection. The plug-in  7  is operative to decompress the data stream and to display the video output of the remote computer  2  on the local computer  4 . The displayed output may include screen displays generated by the computer program  8  or the operating system  32 .  
         [0036]    The plug-in  7  is also operative to receive user input commands, such as mouse or keyboard commands, generated at the local computer  4  either by a user or by the automated testing program  10  and to transmit the commands to the redirection device  12 . The redirection device  12  can receive the user input commands from the plug-in  7  and provide the input commands to the remote computer  2  as if the input commands were physically generated by a user at the remote computer  2 . In order to provide this functionality, the redirection device  12  may be physically and electrically connected to the input ports of the remote computer  2  (serial, Universal Serial Bus (“USB”), etc.). The redirection device  12  may also provide connections for user input devices located at the remote computer  2  and may pass through signals received at the user input devices to the remote computer  2 . In this manner, user input commands generated by a user physically located at the remote computer  2  may be passed through to the remote computer  2 .  
         [0037]    Moreover, through the use of the plug-in  7  and the redirection device  12 , a user of the local computer  4  can control the operation of the remote computer  2  from a remote location. In particular, a user of the local computer  4  may utilize the test scripts  11  of the automated testing program  10  to test the execution of the computer program  8 . According to one embodiment of the invention, the computer program  8  comprises a BIOS utilized by the remote computer  2 . However, the computer program  8  may comprise other types of computer programs, such as operating system programs, application programs, device drivers, and others.  
         [0038]    It should be appreciated that the redirection device may comprise a device located internal to the remote computer  2  or an external device connected to the external connections of the remote computer  2 . One example of an external redirection device comprises an external device that may be connected to the external video output of the remote computer  2 , to the network  14 , and to the user input devices located at the remote computer  2 . Such a device is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/247,876, entitled “Systems and Methods for Establishing Interaction Between A Local Computer and a Remote Computer”, which is assigned to the assignee of the instant patent application and expressly incorporated herein.  
         [0039]    Another embodiment may comprise a redirection device that is integrated with the main system board of the remote computer  2  or contained on an adapter card located within the remote computer  2 . Such a device is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/016,484, entitled “Systems and Methods for Capturing Screen Displays From A Host Computing System for Display At A Remote Terminal”, which is also assigned to the assignee of the instant patent application and expressly incorporated herein. It should be appreciated that other types of redirection devices may also be utilized.  
         [0040]    Turning now to FIG. 3 an illustrative routine  300  will be described for identifying the location of one or more characters within an image according to one embodiment of the invention. The routine  300  begins at block  312 , where computer  4 , via the character coordinate recognition DLL  9 , receives a search string of the characters and a request to identify or recognize the location of the characters within a computer screen image or display. The search string and request may include specifics for the search such as: text color, background color, range of fonts and font sizes to search, and a designation for bold, italic, underlined, or strikethrough script. From block  312 , the routine  300  continues to block  314 , where a bitmap of the search string is generated utilizing the above specifications. At block  316 , the image or display is compared to the search string bitmap to identify the location of the bitmap within the image or display. This may be accomplished by executing a pixel by pixel comparison between the search string and the image until the search string characters are found or the entire image has been searched. It should be appreciated that this search may be accomplished by comparing only the image pixels matching the specified text color and disregarding the other pixels or by searching and comparing both the text and the background color. Moreover, instead of the entire color value for each pixel being stored and compared, a portion of the value may be stored and compared for the purpose of enhancing speed. For instance, the red value of a red, green, blue color value may be the only portion that is stored for purposes of comparison.  
         [0041]    From block  316 , the routine  300  continues to block  318 , where a determination is made as to whether the search string bitmap was found within the computer image or display. If the search string bitmap was found within the image, the routine  300  continues to block  320 , where the location of the search string bitmap within the image is returned. The location may be returned in the form of pixel coordinates outlining a rectangle that identifies where the characters of the search string are located within a display or image. The routine  300  then returns control to other routines at block  324 . If the search string bitmap was not found within the image or display, the routine  300  continues to block  322 , where an indication of no match is returned. From block  322 , the routine  300  then terminates at block  324 .  
         [0042]    Turning now to FIGS. 4A and 4B, an illustrative screen display  410  and bitmapped search string  412 , provided by the local computer  4 , will be described. The screen display  410  shows an illustrative screen display provided by a computer  4  executing the character coordinate recognition DLL  9 . DLL  9  is called once the search string is entered. In particular, the screen display  410  shows four characters located at various coordinates within the image and the bitmapped search string  412  shows the characters M and Y bitmapped within a seven row and  15  column footprint.  
         [0043]    During the routine  300  operation at block  316 , a pixel by pixel comparison is made between the search string bitmap  412  and the display or image  410  to identify the location of the search string characters  412  within the image  410 . For instance, when the top left corner pixel of the search string bitmap  412 , A/ 1  reaches pixel  1 /C within the image, the pixel by pixel comparison examines the rectangular area  416  within the image represented by the row/column pixel coordinates  1 /C,  1 /Q,  7 /C, and  7 /Q. This comparison is a match until pixel B/ 4  of the search string is compare with pixel  2 /F of the image. The A and B characters within the rectangular area of the image  410  will not return a match for the M and Y characters of the search string.  
         [0044]    However when pixel A/ 1  of the search string  312  reaches pixel  9 /A of the image  410  a search string match occurs and the location of the search string within the image is returned. This may be accomplished by returning the coordinates  9 /A,  9 /O,  15 /A, and  15 /O. In the alternative a central coordinate, such as  12 /H may be returned to show the vicinity where the characters of the search string are located.  
         [0045]    Referring now to FIG. 5, an operational flow for routine  500 , recognizing the location of one or more characters within an image utilized in another embodiment of the invention will be described. The routine  500  begins at block  504 , where the computer  4 , via the BIOS DLL  5 , receives a search string of the characters and a request to identify or recognize the location of the characters within a computer screen image or display. From block  504 , the routine  500  continues to block  506 , where the image or display is converted to a binary representation. Referring now to FIG. 6, a process for converting an image or display to a binary representation will be described.  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 6 shows image  602 , which illustrates the color values for each pixel within the image. Colors in this embodiment are given hexadecimal values. It should be appreciated that the color value may be specified in terms of red, green, and blue values for one or even three byte per pixel configurations. Binarizing refers to a process for converting an image expressed as red, green, and blue color values to an expression using only 0&#39;s and 1&#39;s. Block  506  in FIG. 5, converts image  602  into a binary representation based on a set range of pixel color values. For instance if the set range for pixel color values is less than or equal to 3h, the binarizing module will convert every pixel at or below 3h color value to a first value such as 1. Moreover for every pixel color value greater than 3h, block  506  will convert the pixel color value to a second value such as 0. Upon completion of the binarizing process the image will convert image  602  to a binary representation as illustrated in image  604 .  
         [0047]    For instance, as explained above, image  602  pixel  1 /AA, in row/column format and at a color value of 7h, converts to a zero (0) in image  604  after being binarized. Similarly, image  602  pixel  1 /BB, at color value 1h converts to a one (1) in image  604  during the binarizing operation  506 . Upon close examination, it becomes clear that the binarized image represents the characters ‘ON’. It should be appreciated that the binarizing module generates an image that converts color values to a one (1) if they are close but not as dark as the text color. This capability helps to insulate the comparison process from distortion and allows for range of color tolerance with non-scalable fonts. For instance scalable fonts adjust well to changes in resolution with the aide of an operating system, however, non-scalable fonts such as in BIOS setup will become distorted when a resolution change takes place. Binarizing the image after a resolution change minimizes the effect of distortion, thereby making the characters or fonts easier to find during image comparison.  
         [0048]    Returning to FIG. 5, the routine  500  continues from binarizing operation  506  to vectorizing operation  508 . At operation  508  the characters of the search string are individually associated with a text code. The text code may comprise the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII). The corresponding text codes are each associated with a stored vector value. Each vector value produces a binary representation of the search string character. Referring to FIGS. 7A-7B for an illustration, binary representation  702  is generated from the stored vector value 2222/2222, which through a text code, associates with search string character ‘O’. Similarly, binary representation  704  is generated from the stored vector value 2332/4114. Vector values represent the number of first values (1) in a row and a column respectively, as illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7B. For example binary representation  704  has two ones (1) in its first row thereby corresponding to a two (2) in the first portion of the vector value.  
         [0049]    Returning to FIG. 5, once the binary representation for each of the characters of the search string are produced from the corresponding vector value, the routine  500  continues to block  510  where the representations are combined to create a binary representation for the search string. Here the binary representation for each individual character of the search string is combined to form one binary representation for the search string. Next, the routine  500  continues to block  512  where the binary representation of the search string is compared with the binary representation of the image  604  to locate the search string within the image. Routine  500  then continues from block  512  to block  514  where a determination is made as to whether the search string was found in the image. If the search string was found the routine  500  continues to block  516 , where an indicator is returned indicating that the characters within the search string have not been selected or highlighted in the image. Moreover, the coordinates of the search string within the image are returned. Routine  500  then terminates at block  528 .  
         [0050]    If the search string was not found within the image, the routine  500  branches to block  518  where the inverse binary representation of the search string is generated. The inverse binary representation converts all the ones (1) to zeroes (0) and all the zeroes (0) to ones (1), thereby indicating the color values are inverted such that the search string has been highlighted or selected within the image. Once the inverse search string has been generated, routine  500  continues from block  518  to block  520 , where a search is conducted within the binary representation of the image  604  for the inverse search string. The routine  500  continues to block  522 , where a determination is made as to whether the inverse search string was found within the image. If not, routine  500  branches to block  524  where an indication of ‘no match’ is returned, and the routine then terminates at block  528 .  
         [0051]    If the inverse search string is found within the image, the routine  500  branches to block  526  where the coordinates of the characters and an indicator that the characters have been selected or highlighted within the image are returned. Next the routine  500  terminates at block  528 .  
         [0052]    Turning now to FIGS. 2 and 8 an illustrative routine  800  for identifying the location of characters within a display generated on a remote computer and returning the character coordinates to an automated testing program according to one embodiment of the invention will be described. The routine  800  begins at block  804 , where the remote computer  4  executes the computer program  8  to be tested. The local computer  2  receives the redirected display of the remote computer  4  via the redirection device  12  transmitted to the plug-in  7  and displays the output in a window or full screen. It should be appreciated that the redirection device  12  and the plug-in  7  perform the transmitting and displaying functions, respectively, in a continual manner so that an updated video display is continually displayed at the local computer  2 . Moreover, it should be appreciated that displaying the video output of the remote computer  4  at the local computer  2  is not necessary to test the computer program  8 .  
         [0053]    From block  804 , the routine  800  continues to block  806 , where the DLL  9  receives search string characters and specifications such as text color, background color, font type and size, and whether the fonts are bold, italic, underlined, or strikethrough. At block  808 , a bitmap of the search string characters is generated. From block  808  the routine  800  continues to block  810 , where a bitmap of the redirected display is generated. Both the display and search string bitmaps may be generated by win 32  APIs. Next, the routine  800  continues from block  810  to block  812  where the routine compares the bitmaps to locate the search string within the image. This may be accomplished by executing a pixel by pixel comparison between the search string and the image until the search string characters are found or the entire image has been searched. It should be appreciated that this search may be accomplished by comparing only the image pixels matching the specified text color and disregarding the other pixels or by searching and comparing both the text and the background color.  
         [0054]    Routine  800  continues from block  812  to block  814  where a determination is made as to whether the search string was found within the image. If the search string is not found, the routine  800  branches NO from block  814  to block  818  where an indication of ‘No Match’ is returned. Then the routine  800  terminates at block  820 . If the search string has been found, routine  800  branches to block  816  where the coordinates of the search string are returned to the automated test program  10  for use in conjunction with the test scripts  11 . The routine then terminates at block  820 .  
         [0055]    User input commands generated by the automated testing program  10  based on the test scripts  11  and including coordinates for where specified text is located are directed to the display of the remote computer  2 . The commands generated by the automated testing program  10  are received by the plug-in  7  and are transmitted to the redirection device  12 . The commands may then be passed by the redirection device  12  to the remote computer  2  for execution at the remote computer  2  as if the commands were received at input devices physically connected to the remote computer  2 .  
         [0056]    In particular, user input commands utilizing character coordinates may be generated by the automated testing program  10  and directed to screen displays generated by the computer program  8 . The user interface commands may then be passed to the remote computer  2  and executed on the computer program  8  as if the commands were generated by a user located physically proximate to the remote computer  2 . In this manner, character coordinates may be used within the automated testing program  10  to locate certain characters in order to test the execution of the computer program  8  from a remote location.  
         [0057]    Turning now to FIGS. 2, 6,  7 A- 7 B and  9  an illustrative routine  900  for recognizing the coordinates or location of characters within a display generated on a remote computer  2  and returning the character coordinates and whether the characters have been selected or highlighted to an automated testing program according to one embodiment of the invention will be described. The routine  900  begins at block  904 , where the remote or first computer  4  executes the computer program  8  to be tested and the local or second computer  2  receives the redirected display of the remote or first computer  4  via the redirection device  12  transmitted to the plug-in  7  and displays the output on second computer  2  in a window or full screen. It should be appreciated that the redirection device  12  and the plug-in  7  perform the transmitting and displaying functions, respectively, in a continual manner so that an updated video display is continually displayed at the second computer  2 . Moreover, it should be appreciated that displaying the video output of the first computer  4  at the second computer  2  is not necessary to test the computer program  8 .  
         [0058]    From block  904 , the routine  900  continues to block  906 , where BIOS DLL  5  receives a search string and a request locate the search string within the image. At block  908 , a binarized representation of the display is generated as described in FIG. 6. From block  908  the routine  900  continues to block  910 , where the characters of the search string retrieve vector values and a binary representation of each character is produced as described above in FIGS. 7A-7B. Next the routine  900  continues from block  910  to block  912  where a binary representation of the search string is generated by combining the individual character representations.  
         [0059]    Next, routine  900  continues from block  912  to block  914  where the routine compares the binary representations of the display and the search string to locate the search string within the display or image. This may be accomplished by executing a pixel by pixel comparison between the search string and the image until the search string characters are found or the entire image has been searched. It should be appreciated that this search may be accomplished by comparing only the image pixels matching the specified text color and disregarding the other pixels or by searching and comparing both the text and the background color.  
         [0060]    The routine  900  then continues from block  914  to block  916  where a determination is made as to whether the search string was found within the display or image. If the search string has been found, routine  900  branches to block  918  where the coordinates of the search string and an indicator that the characters have not been inversed in color, selected or highlighted are returned to the automated test program  10  for use in conjunction with the test scripts  11 . The routine then continues to block  920  where the automated test program transmits instructions to inverse the color of the next string. It should be appreciated that this feature may be used to dynamically navigate within a BIOS interface, which utilizes arrow key movements to interface with the BIOS. Next the routine  900  branches back to block  904  where the second computer  2  receives the redirected display of the first compute as described above.  
         [0061]    If the search string is not found, the routine  900  branches from block  916  to block  922  where an inverse binary representation of the search string is generated. Next the routine  900  searches for the original characters at block  924 , however the search is for the characters with inverse color values. This feature enables the routine to return whether the characters have been selected or highlighted within the display. The routine then makes a determination as to whether the inverse search string has been found at block  926 . If the inverse has not been found, the routine  900  branches to block  930  where an indication of ‘No Match’ is returned. Then the routine  800  terminates at block  936 .  
         [0062]    If the inverse search string is found, routine  900  branches YES from block  926  to block  928 . At block  928 , an indicator that the characters of the search string have been highlighted or selected is returned along with the coordinates of the search string within the display. Next the routine  900  continues to block  932  where the coordinates are used by the automated test program  10  in conjunction with test scripts  11  to identify the string of characters next to the highlighted search string. The routine  900  then returns the string of characters next to the search string and their location at block  934  and then terminates at block  936 .  
         [0063]    It should be appreciated that the above feature of locating the string or text next to the search string may be used from a remote location to identify what a BIOS parameter is set for. The BIOS DLL  5  is capable of finding, reading, and returning characters or text and their location so that the automated testing program  10  may receive and respond to the data. For instance if a NUMLOCK at boot parameter in BIOS was set to ‘ENABLE’, the BIOS DLL could read and return the location of NUMLOCK, whether the NUMLOCK has been selected or highlighted, and the characters next to the NUMLOCK at boot heading and their location to the automated testing program  10 . The automated testing program  10 , via test scripts  11  is capable of using the characters, their coordinates, and indicators to instruct the program to change the parameter to ‘DISABLE’. For example, a test script could be written to instruct the program to arrow key to the left and enter in response to the parameter being set to ENABLE. This instruction from the test script could cause the computer program to convert the parameter to DISABLE.  
         [0064]    Based on the foregoing, it should be appreciated that the various embodiments of the invention provide methods and systems for identifying the coordinates of characters within a bitmap image. The above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the manufacture and use of the composition of the invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.