Abstract:
A frame device for supporting batteries during seismic stress comprising: a pair of facing end frames, a base plate for mounting each end frame to a support surface, means connecting the end frames including elongated support rails for supporting a plurality of batteries and gusset means connected to the end frames to strengthen the joint between the uprights of the end frame and base plate which lie within the footprint of the end frame.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a continuation in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/989,502 filed Nov. 20, 2001 entitled, BATTERY RACK AND SYSTEM. This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/431,570 Dec. 6, 2002. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The present invention relates to a rack for supporting and storing objects such as batteries and specifically to improvements in the racks characterized by novel features of construction and arrangement providing a footprint which occupies a relatively small space and yet provides the strength and rigidity to survive seismic forces during earth tremors and the like.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    There is a need for a backup power source to maintain operations when the primary power source shuts down in some industries, such as the telecommunications industry. These systems generally comprise batteries, for example, of a predetermined size such as 2 volts, which are typically connected in series in various numbers and patterns and stored on racks. A typical array may comprise 24, 2 volt batteries providing a 48 volt system. An important criteria for these rack systems is that the rack functions to support the heavy loads and be of a sufficiently strong and reliable design to be reliable in times of crises particularly a seismic crisis. Another consideration is that the battery racks be of a design to take up as little space as possible. In other words, the goal is to achieve more power at less cost thereby maximizing power per square foot of floor space. For example, typical prior art rack designs have widths equaling the battery width plus about 10 inches additional space for the rack elements housing the batteries. The rack design of the present invention by contrast reduces width considerably to the width of the battery plus about a total of 4 inches added to the width for rack elements.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    With the foregoing in mind, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved rack for batteries providing a backup power source which is characterized by novel features of construction and arrangement to occupy a relatively small space to reduce the cost of these backup systems and is of a design to stand up to relatively high seismic forces. More specifically, the end frames of the rack are designed to provide a minimum footprint and in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention the rack end frames include window-like openings to facilitate circulation to cool the batteries and means to run cables to electrically connect the batteries of each tier.  
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0005]    These and other objects of the present invention and various details of the construction and operation thereof are more fully set forth with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein;  
         [0006]    [0006]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of Battery Rack and constructed in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0007]    [0007]FIG. 1 a  is a top plan view showing the footprint (MFR-1) of a battery rack in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0008]    [0008]FIG. 2 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 1 with the batteries removed so that the internal construction may be seen more clearly;  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 3 is a perspective view of one of the end frames of the Battery Rack shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the components comprising the end frame before assembly;  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of rack assembly embodying the features of the present invention;  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 5 a  is a top plan view showing the footprint (MFR-1a) of the rack embodiment of FIGS.  5 - 8  inclusive;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 6 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 5 with the rest of the batteries removed so that the internal construction of the rack can be viewed more clearly;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 7 is a perspective view of one of the two-end frames of the second embodiment of Battery Rack in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing the components of the end frame;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 9 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of Battery Rack in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 9 a  is a top plan view showing the footprint (MFR-2) of the rack shown in FIGS.  9 - 13  inclusive;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 10 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 9 showing the batteries removed so the internal construction of the rack can be seen more clearly;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 11 is a perspective view of one of the two-end frames of the embodiment of Battery Rack shown in FIGS. 9 and 10;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 12 is an exploded view showing the components of the end frame illustrated in FIG. 11;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the base or of the base channel;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 14 is a modified version of the end frame for a Battery Rack in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing an end to end configuration of a rack modules in accordance with the present invention providing in a combined 48 volt system particularly used in the telephone industry;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 16 is a module arrangement similar to FIG. 15 showing the close side-by-side capability of battery racks in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a battery rack for large 12 volt modules from which can be used to create 24 or 48 volt systems;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIGS. 18 and 19 are perspective views of other modular configurations;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a single tier 8 volt system where the space can only accommodate relatively a short height;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIGS. 21 and 22 are perspective views of the end frames used in the system shown in FIG. 20;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a 3 tier system where the space can accommodate large vertical heights;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIGS. 24 and 25 are perspective views of the end frames for the system shown in FIG. 23;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a battery rack of a module system incorporating a table ladder support; and  
         [0032]    [0032]FIGS. 27 and 28 are perspective views of battery rack systems including a spill containment pan.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0033]    Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIGS.  1 - 4  thereof, there is shown a first embodiment of Battery Rack in accordance with the present invention generally designated by the numeral  13  which supports a plurality of batteries  12  in the manner shown in FIG. 1. The Battery Rack is characterized by novel features of construction and arrangement so that it is capable of withstanding high seismic forces and loads and is configured to provide a minimum footprint (MFR-1) occupies a minimum space as compared with prior racks used for this purpose. For example, the rack design accommodates a total of 24 C&amp;D LCT-2320 2 volt batteries in an 8-foot square room to produce a 48 volt system. The Battery Rack  13  shown in FIG. 1 supports 8, 2 volt batteries forming a 16 volt subsystem so that 3 such racks can be positioned in a U-shaped configuration in an 8 foot square room and wired in series to produce a 48 volt system which is standard in the telecom industry. Further, the rack design is capable of withstanding earthquake forces up to levels required by the Network Equipment Building Systems (NEBS) Zone 4 requirement of the Telcordia GR-63-CORE specification, which is the telephone industry standard for seismic requirements.  
         [0034]    Considering now the specific structural arrangement of the Battery Rack  13  and the rack comprises two end frames, spaced apart and facing one another. Each end frame  1  comprises a pair of spaced angular support members  6  upstanding Channel shaped support rails  2  span the end frames  1  in a longitudinal direction and support in the present instance 2 rows of batteries  12  in upper and lower tiers. Specifically, the battery support rails  2  are secured by bolting at opposite terminal ends to upper horizontal channels  7  spanning the upright vertical angular members  6 .  
         [0035]    Elongated shock rails  3  of generally inverted C-shaped cross section are bolted to the inside face of vertical angular members  6  so that the channel faces outwardly and presents a planar flat support surface to the batteries  12 . In the present instance, 2 shock rails  3  are provided for each tier of batteries. Diagonal braces  5  and  6  are provided which crisscross and are bolted to the outer side face  6   a  of the angular vertical members  6 . This arrangement provides lateral stability and a compact design contributing to the minimum footprint in a width wise direction W as shown in FIG. 1 a.  The shock rails  3  provide lateral restraint to the batteries in the front to back direction. The end rails  4  similar to the shock rails  3  are of inverted C-shape cross section and are bolted to the vertical members  6  so that the channel faces outwardly and the planar face of the end rails engage the batteries in the manner shown to restrain lateral movement of the batteries in the side-to-side direction. In this embodiment, the 2 tiers accommodate four 2 volt batteries  12  which connect in series to provide a 16 volt subsystem. As noted above, 3 of these subsystems may be connected in series to produce a 48 volt system. As set forth above, the angular vertical members  6  are provided with a plurality of mounting holes H for the shock rails  3 , end rails  4  and diagonal braces  5 .  
         [0036]    The base assembly B comprises a generally rectangular base plate  10  having in the present instance four (4) anchor holes  10   a  at the corners of the base plate  10 . Trapezoidally shaped gussets  9  with brace holes  9   a  strengthen the joint between the vertical uprights  6  and the base plate  10 . The brace holes  9   a  of the gussets  9  are aligned with brace holes  6   a  on the outer vertical flanges of the angular vertical members  6 . In the present instance, the base B includes a pair of triangular gussets  11  which are welded to the vertical uprights  6  and are spaced inwardly from the mounting holes  10   a  of the base plate  10  and are welded to the end face of the upright members  6  being disposed parallel to and offset relative to the trapezoidal shaped gussets  9  towards the interior of the end frame  1 . The components comprising the base assembly B including the base channel  8 , trapezoidal gussets  9 , triangular gussets  11  are welded to produce the unitary rigid assembly shown in FIG. 3.  
         [0037]    The Battery Rack of the present invention provides a relatively compact design which is easy and economical to manufacture and assemble and provides the necessary high seismic capabilities and significantly reduces the space requirements as compared with prior assemblies. For example, the rack in accordance with the present invention is about 4 inches wider than the battery width and this is significantly smaller than current rack designs for the C&amp;D LCT-2320 which have widths equaling about 9 and a half inches plus the battery width. Further, a modular 16 volt subsystem design in accordance with the present invention allows virtually unlimited configurations, for example, in areas where a long straight run of about 15 feet for a traditional 48 volt system battery rack is not available.  
         [0038]    Further, the installation of a system with a rack according to the present invention is simplified by the fact that small modular units can be partially assembled positioned and anchored in place. Thus, this design facilitates drilling anchor holes through the rack base while the rack is in its final position. Moreover, the design of the present invention obviates the need for protruding corner brackets which consume additional space by reason of the fact that the end rails are not secured directly to the end frames.  
         [0039]    There is shown in FIGS.  5 - 9  inclusive another embodiment of the Battery Rack in accordance with the present invention generally designated by the numeral  14  and referred herein as MFR-1A. This embodiment is generally similar to the previously described embodiment in terms of its basic components and is designed to provide an even smaller minimum footprint rack (MFR-1A) particularly in terms of the width W of the footprint. Thus, each end frame  16  comprises a C-shaped vertical member wherein the side flanges  19  are connected by a web  19   a  having in the present instance two (2) window-like openings  19   b  which provide for ventilation of the batteries and access for running cables and connector terminal plates so that the top and bottom tiers of the batteries can be electrically connected as shown in FIG. 5. The end frames  16  have mounting holes  17  for the shock rails  15  and diagonal braces  24 . In this instance, the side flanges  19  at their lower ends have an inwardly directed gusset  19   c  and the external triangularly shaped gussets  23  are welded to the outer side edges of the base plate  22  outboard of the anchor holes  22   a.  The spacing of the triangular gussets  23  outboard of the anchoring holes  22   a  permits maximum spacing of the anchoring bolts which has the effect of minimizing anchor loads when the rack is experiencing front to back acceleration forces or loads.  
         [0040]    As shown in FIG. 8, the flat base plate  22  has four (4) anchor holes  22   a  and notches  22   b  in the outer side edges to receive tabs  19   c  depending from the side flanges  16   a  to position the end frame relative to the base when the components are welded at final assembly. The triangular gussets  23  connect to the frame upright flange  19  and base plate  22  in alignment with the side flanges  19  to strengthen the joint between the upright  19  and the base plate  22 . The base assembly B further includes a base channel  21  which incorporates mounting holes  21   a  for mounting a plurality of support rails  25  in the top flange  21   b.  The base channel  21  is welded between the upstanding flanges  19  and the web  19   a  connecting the flanges  19  and the base plate  22  to form an integral assembly.  
         [0041]    This system provides a somewhat narrower footprint than the previously described embodiment for reason of the end frame configuration and the use of narrower shock rails  15 . However, in this instance, additional shock rails are used to provide a seismic strength and cell clamp assemblies  18  are utilized to transfer load between the shock rails on either side of the battery. A shorter footprint in a length wise direction L is achieved by eliminating the end rails  4  wherein the batteries bear directly against the end frames  16  in the manner shown.  
         [0042]    This embodiment fulfills the design criteria set forth on pages 8 and 9 of the MFR embodiment. Thus, the rack width W in the present instance is reduced to 2.625 inches plus the battery width which is significantly smaller than prior art rack designs. The modular 16 volt subsystem design facilitates virtually unlimited configurations in areas where a long, straight run of about 15 feet for a traditional 48 volt system Battery Rack is not available. Installation is simplified by use of smaller modular units which can be partially assembled, positioned and anchored in place. The design facilitates drilling anchor holes through the rack base when the rack is in the desired location.  
         [0043]    In the event long stretches of space are available in battery rooms, MFR-2 subsystems  27  may be bolted end-to-end with frame uprights  31  touching, thus not wasting valuable floor space. Joining plates  29  may be used to bolt frames  30  of adjacent racks  27  together or frames  30  of adjacent racks  27  may be bolted together directly through holes provided in the touching faces of the frames  30 . A complete 48 volt system  28  is created when connecting 3 MFR-2 systems end-to-end in this manner. (See FIG. 15)  
         [0044]    In some installations, more than one string of 48 volt batteries is required. Often the desirable layout is to have them run side-by-side (2 row). Utilizing spacer blocks  38 , two 48 volt systems  28 , consisting of 3 MFR-2&#39;s  27  each, may be bolted back-to-back using the same holes provided in the frame upright  31  flanges for joining plates  29  when adjoining MFR-2&#39;s end-to-end.  
         [0045]    Although this Battery Rack was originally designed for one specific battery, it will have applications for many other battery sizes and types, some potentially larger and heavier. In order to still meet seismic requirements, in those cases fewer batteries than 8 will be supported by each rack. An MFR-2 system  40  that supports 6 batteries, 3 per tier, is ideal for this type of application. Wired in series, this produces a 12 volt system that can easily be strung together end-to-end to produce a 48 volt system  41 . An alternative is to string 2 MFR-2 12 volt subsystems  40  end-to-end and again back-to-back to form a 48 volt system  42  (2 tier/2 row). (See FIG. 18)  
         [0046]    In some cases, floor space may not be an issue and low ceilings may prohibit the use of 2-tier MFR-2&#39;s  27 ,  40 . A 1-tier version  43  of the MFR-2 may be used in this instance. Its frame  44  is constructed the same as the 2-tier frame  30  except there is no upper horizontal  32 . The base channels  33  are the same for both. The single tier MFR-2  43  hold 4 2 volt batteries yielding an 8 volt system, which can easily be strung together to form 24 volt or 48 volt systems. An alternative system for primarily larger batteries would hold 3 batteries for a 6 volt system. These again would string together nicely to form 24 volt or 48 volt systems. (See FIG. 20)  
         [0047]    Where ceiling height is not limited and floor space is, a 3-tier MFR-2  46  may be implemented. In high seismic zones, the battery size for which this configuration would work may be limited, however, where it is possible, 3 tiers of 4 2 volt batteries would yield a 24 volt system. This is ideal for creating 24 volt or 48 volt systems. Frame  47  construction would again be the same as the 2-tier MFR-2. The frame upright  48  would be taller and accommodate 2 upper horizontals  32  and one base channel  33 , the same as used on the 2-tier MFR-2 frame  30 .  
         [0048]    There is shown in FIGS.  9 - 13  still another embodiment of rack assembly  27  in accordance with the present invention. This embodiment is generally similar to the previously described embodiments in that it achieves a small footprint and is referred to herein as MFR-2. Additionally, several features were added to increase the range of applications relative to different battery sizes, system configurations and layouts.  
         [0049]    In accordance with this embodiment battery system which is generally designated by numeral  27  and referred to herein as MFR-2 is generally constructed and installed in much the same manner as the previously described MFR-1 and Battery System. However, in the present instance, the construction of the end frame  30  has been modified to produce a shorter footprint which facilitates attaching the battery racks end-to-end and back-to-back and reduces frame components and cost of manufacturing assembly. The MFR-2 frame design comprises a c-shaped end frame  30  consisting of upstanding flanges  31 A connected by a web  31 B the end frames are provided having two window openings  31   a  for ventilation and accommodate cables connecting the tiers of batteries as shown in FIG. 9 with a plurality of mounting holes for assembly of the shock rails  34  and diagonal braces  36 .  
         [0050]    Additionally, the end frames  30  incorporate four (4) holes  31 D for attaching grounding lugs at the upper end of the vertical flanges  31   a  of the end frames. Further, the end frames have two holes  31   e  near the middle of each vertical flange for mounting joining plates  29  and two holes  31   f  in the web  31   b  in the upper horizontal as attached for bolting MFR-2 rack assemblies end to end. The interior gussets  37  are formed integrally with the lower end of the flanges  31 . A C-shaped upper horizontal brace  32  having holes  39  for mounting a plurality of support rails  35  is welded between the upright flanges  31   a,    31   a.    
         [0051]    A C-shaped base channel  33  is nested at the lower end of the end frame and is positioned by interengaging tabs  41  which depend from the flange and engage in notches  43  in the baseplate  33 . The channel  33  incorporates six (6) anchor holes  45  in its lower longer flange  33   a  and mounting holes  47  for a plurality of support rails in the upper shorter flange  33   b  and clearance holes  33   c  for drilling and passing anchors through in the upper flange and two ground lug attaching holes in its web. The benefit of 6 anchors verses 4 is one can use shallower embedment anchors, which may be necessary in some concrete floors due to thickness limitations. In those cases, MFR-1 or 1A may not be useable but MFR-2 is. Further, each upright flange has two holes near the upper end for mounting cable ladders support rails.  
         [0052]    There is shown in FIG. 14 an alternate end frame configuration designated by the numeral  53 . This end frame incorporates a base plate  54  into the C-shaped end frame which is bent at a 90° angle to the web  54   a  at the base. Accordingly, rather than utilizing a formed c-shaped channel for a base, this modified end frame  53  utilizes a formed angle  54  having a series of openings  57  for mounting a plurality of support rails to the top flange as well as clearance holes  59  for drilling or passing anchors to secure the end frame on a support surface or the like.  
         [0053]    Even though particular embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, it is not intended to limit the invention and changes and modifications can be made therein within the scope of the following claims.