Abstract:
Methods and apparatus useful in the development of molds are disclosed. In particular, the methods and apparatus of the present invention are useful, for example, in the context of dimensionally expanding and printing a picture image on a printable sheet for use in making a picture print thermoforming female mold of castible shrinkable material. In addition, a process for producing a male mold which replicates brush strokes of an original painting is disclosed.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/439,504 filed on Nov. 12, 1999 which was a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/646,487 filed on May 8, 1996. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    This invention relates to methods and apparatus useful in the development of molds used in vacuum forming in a printed thermoformable plastic sheet, an accurate three-dimensional relief reproduction of an original three-dimensional article.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    In our co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/408,900 filed May 22, 1995 and entitled Vacuum Formed Three-Dimensional Surface Article, we have described:  
           [0004]    1) a vacuum forming process for molding a thin sheet of thermoformable plastic to produce an accurate three-dimensional relief reproduction of an original artwork or the like;  
           [0005]    2) an apparatus for vacuum forming a thin sheet of thermoformable plastic into an accurate three-dimensional relief reproduction of an original artwork; and  
           [0006]    3) methods for producing male molds for use in making female molds which in turn are used in the vacuum forming of thermoformable plastic sheet to form an accurate three-dimensional relief reproduction of an original artwork.  
           [0007]    There is a significant consumer demand for faithful inexpensive reproductions of art. In making such reproductions it has been found to be very important to reproduce the texture of the work such as the brush stroke, which may reflect light in a particular manner. As described in our co-pending U.S. application, various methods have been put forth in an attempt to re-create a three-dimensional relief of the original work. Such techniques are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,285,744; 4,971,743 and French Patents 1493516 and 1548337. There are however problems associated with the techniques described in those patents and attempts to overcome those problems have been described in Canadian patent application 2,020,206; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,001,062; 5,182,063 and 5,201,548. The activities continue in respect to overcoming various problems with the prior art processes, such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,971,743; 5,116,562 and 4,285,744. The invention defined in our co-pending application using vacuum-forming has overcome many of the problems associated with the prior art techniques and is able to provide a high quality product in a cost-effective manner. An aspect of our prior methods and apparatus involve the production of the male mold for use in making the female mold which in turn is used in the vacuum forming of the thermoformable plastic sheet. Quite unlike normal vacuum forming techniques, applicants have discovered that a very acceptable product can be made from a female mold and still retain the features of the three-dimensional surface definition and registration of that definition with the image on the plastic sheet. Various techniques are described in the aforementioned co-pending U.S. application for making the male mold so as to provide on its surface, a surface relief texture which is essentially the same as the original. A female mold is then made by pouring onto the surface of the male mold a suitable castible material which when hardened and released from the male mold provides a female mold having the artistic creation of the surface texture of the original work reproduced therein. The usual type of castible material has the tendency to shrink as it hardens in producing the final female mold. In particular, if the castible material is of an epoxy resin there is considerable shrinking during the curing process so that the female mold in its cured form is smaller than the original work from which the male mold was made.  
           [0008]    It is an object of an aspect of this invention to overcome the problems associated with the castible shrinkable material from which the female mold is made and which greatly enhances the flexibility in making of the female mold and greatly accommodates various changes that one would like to make in producing multiples of the male mold from the which the female molds would be made.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0009]    In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a programmable system for dimensionally expanding and printing a picture image on a printable sheet for use in making a picture print thermoforming female mold of castible shrinkable material, comprises:  
           [0010]    i) a programmable computer having a memory in which the picture image is digitally stored;  
           [0011]    ii) a computer driven printer having a moveable printing head for printing the picture image on a sheet as the printing head moves relative to a sheet;  
           [0012]    iii) the computer having a program for dimensionally expanding a picture image stored in the memory, the program expanding a stored picture image from:  
           [0013]    a) an original dimensional size having a length and a width identical to a final picture print size on a thermoformable plastic sheet to be molded in such female mold, to:  
           [0014]    b) an expanded dimensional size having an expanded length and width equal to an extent to which such female mold of such castible shrinkable material shrinks from its original poured state to its hardened state,  
           [0015]    iv) the computer being actuated to drive the printer to print such expanded image onto a sheet.  
           [0016]    In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method for dimensionally expanding and printing a picture image on a printable sheet and making a picture print thermoforming female mold of castible shrinkable material. The method comprises:  
           [0017]    i) digitally storing the picture image in a computer memory;  
           [0018]    ii) printing the picture image on the sheet by use of a computer driven printer having a moveable printing head which prints the image as the printing head is moved relative to the sheet;  
           [0019]    iii) dimensionally expanding the picture image stored in the memory from:  
           [0020]    a) an original dimensional size having a length and a width identical to a final picture print size on a thermoformable plastic sheet to be molded in the female mold, to:  
           [0021]    b) an expanded dimensional size having an expanded length and width equal to an extent to which the female mold of such castible shrinkable material shrinks from its original poured state to its hardened state,  
           [0022]    iv) printing the expanded picture image onto the sheet;  
           [0023]    v) brushing onto the printed expanded image a hardenable compound to replicate on the printed image, brush strokes of an original picture image to form a male mold;  
           [0024]    vi) making a female mold by pouring the castible shrinkable material on the male mold, curing the castible shrinkable material whereby the material shrinks a predetermined extent in length and width to take on the original dimensional size of the length and width for the final picture print size.  
           [0025]    In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a process is provided for producing a male mold which replicates three-dimensional surface relief of an original. The process comprises:  
           [0026]    i) printing a picture image of the painting on a printable sheet;  
           [0027]    ii) brushing onto the printed picture image a hardenable compound to replicate on the image the three-dimensional aspects of the original;  
           [0028]    iii) allowing the compound to harden to produce thereby the male mold. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0029]    Preferred embodiments of the invention are described with respect to the drawings wherein:  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 1 is a perspective of the programmable system for expanding and printing a picture image on a printable sheet having a canvas texture;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 2 is perspective view of an artist reproducing the brushstrokes on the printed image of FIG. 1;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 3 is a perspective view in preparing the male mold for receiving a castible material in producing the female mold;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the male mold receiving the castible material to make the female mold;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 5 shows the female mold separated from the male mold;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 6 shows the extent to which the female mold shrinks relative to the male mold;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 7 shows the preparation of the female mold for use in vacuum forming the printed thermoplastic sheet; and  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 8 is a side elevation with a portion thereof removed showing the vacuum forming of the printed sheet in making a reproduction of the original. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0038]    As described in applicant&#39;s co-pending U.S. application, the male mold was preferably formed by projecting an image onto suitable substrate. A cakeable material commonly referred to as artist putty or artist caking commonly made from acrylic polymer is applied to the substrate, in a manner to resemble the brushstrokes of the original piece of art. This technique has proven quite useful in making the male mold because one could apply the artist putty to the substrate and then stand back and see the image overlaying the applied material and determine if the brushstrokes were in the right place. Hence, the male mold was made in an expeditious, fairly accurate manner, however, when it came to casting the female mold, particularly when made of castible, shrinkable material, the female mold was then dimensionally smaller than the male mold and hence when the print was made it had to be scaled down slightly from a standard print size to accommodate the shrinkage in the mold.  
         [0039]    The invention sets out to solve this problem and has surprisingly provided some alternatives in how the male mold may be made to provide ultimately a female mold of a shrunk size corresponding to the desired print size on the plastic sheet to be thermoformed. The invention provides a programmable system which has as its objective, to expand the dimensional size of the picture print and print it on a suitable substrate to in turn provide a slightly enlarged printed picture image. The artist then applies the artist putty directly onto the printed image to resemble the brushstrokes of the original work. The system for expanding the dimensional size of the picture image is described with respect to FIG. 1. The system  10  comprises an image scanner  12  having an image scanning surface  14 . The picture to be scanned may be of various sizes such as represented by photograph  16  or print  18 . The picture is laid on the scanning surface  14  and the scanner  12  is actuated by a computer  20  which causes the scanner to convert the image on the photograph  16  or print  18  into a digital image. The digital image may then be stored on various types of mediums such as a compact disk  22 , a magnetic storage disk  24  or other forms of memory represented by  26  such as magnetic tape. The digital information may be transferred directly into the computer  20  or via one of the memory mediums be inserted into the computer  20  for reading by the computer. This standard technique is often done in lithography. A transparency or a print or an illustration is scanned on a scanning device such as a Hall scanner or Scitex scanner. The scanner color separates the picture into the four basic colors of cyan, magenta, yellow and black. The electronic files can be manipulated to change colors, enhance sharpness, retouch and the like. The electronic files can also be manipulated to produce the subject in proper size and position either in singles or in multiples on a layout for a desired format of the printed job. The four color film produced is used to produce the printing plates for the litho press.  
         [0040]    The digitally stored image can be printed on a suitable sheet preferably canvas textured sheet, by choosing a printer in the direction of arrow A or a feed-type printer in the direction of arrow B. Should the operator choose to print the digital image from the source  16  or  18  using the printer of system A, a canvas sheet or a sheet having a canvas texture  28  is preferably mounted on a hard backing  30 , although it is understood that sheet  28  may be mounted directly to the printer support face  32 . Either way the canvas textured substrate is readied for printing by the computer driven printer  34 . It is understood a sheet or length of material having a canvas texture may in addition to canvas be any type of substrate which has a canvas texture formed therein such as a sheet of wood byproduct or plastic having a canvas texture formed therein or molded thereon. The printer  34  has a transport beam  36  carrying a printing head  38 . The transport beam  36  traverses the entire length of the support surface  32  from side  40  through to side  42 . The printer head  38  can move anywhere along the length of the transport beam  36 . The printing head  38  may be equipped with suitable color printing devices which are capable of printing 2, 4 or 6 color separations. A preferred type of printer for this embodiment is sold by Alpha Merics Corporation under the trade-mark SPECTRUM.  
         [0041]    Computer  20  then drives the printer  34  to print the image  44  on the surface of the canvas texture substrate  28 . The computer  20  is provided with a program for dimensionally expanding a digitally stored image in the memory of the computer  20 . The purpose of the program is to expand the stored picture image from an original dimensional size having a length and a width identical to a final picture print size, such as, for example, the original dimensional size as demonstrated in FIG. 6. The original print size  46  has a width dimensional  48  and a length dimension  50 . The computer&#39;s program then expands that image from the original size of the image  46  to the expanded size  52  having an enlarged width  54  and enlarged length  56 . The extent to which the image  46  is expanded is, in this particular embodiment, determined by the extent to which the castible shrinkable material contracts during the curing process, as will be described with respect to FIGS. 4 and 5. For example, with a preferred castible material being an epoxy resin having up to 80% by weight of aluminum as a heat conductive filler, the resin shrinks one sixteenth of an inch for every 12 lineal inches of poured resin. Hence, for a print having a length of 12 inches and a height of  6  inches the expanded dimension for the image, that is image  52 , would be 12 and one sixteenth inches x 6 and one thirty-seconds of an inch to take into consideration that the castible shrinkable material will shrink to a dimension of 12 inches by 6 inches during the curing process. A preferred epoxy resin having these shrinking characteristics may be obtained from Chemque of Quebec and sold under the trade-mark CHEMCAST 402.  
         [0042]    The image printed by printer  34  and identified as  44  in FIG. 1 has been expanded from its original size, which may be demonstrated by print  18  so as to compensate for shrinkage of the female mold such that when it is cured, the female mold will be essentially the same size as the original picture image  18 . The computer driven printer can print directly on the canvas substrate which is preferably an artist canvas  28  where both the printing head  38  and the transport beam  36  moves in creating the desired image  44  on the sheet  28 .  
         [0043]    Alternatively, the computer operator may select printer B which is capable of either feeding individual sheets of canvas textured substrate  58  or a roll of substrate through a printer  60  or the printer  60  may have a sheet feed mechanism  62  which may consist of a form of tractor drive for advancing the sheet  58  through the printer. Alternatively opposing feed rollers are provided which accurately advance the sheet through the printer or may be other suitable feed mechanisms which can advance the sheet through the printer in the necessary increments. The printer  60 -includes a moveable printing head  64  which travels along the support beam  66  to create the image  68  on the substrate  58 . It is also understood that the substrate  58  instead of being individual sheets fed through the printer can also be a continuous length of canvas removed from a spool of canvas and correspondingly rolled up after the canvas is printed. As with printer  34 , printer  60  is capable of printing not only on sheets that have a canvas texture but as well actual artist canvas or the like. The image can be printed in four color separation to give a fairly accurate reproduction of the colors of the original image.  
         [0044]    Again, the computer  20 , in accordance with its program, dimensionally expands the image  68  printed on the substrate  58 . The extent of the expansion again depends on the size of the final image. For example, with the printing system of either  34  or  60 , it is understood that images can be printed which may have dimensions up to 6 ft.×8 ft. Although images of this size would make thermoforming a single sheet very difficult, there would not be a limitation on the production of the expanded images for purposes of making such male molds. It is also understood that the computer  20  may be programmed to generate multiple images on the same substrate whereby a female mold is made having separate multiple molds for the same image. The computer is programmed to correspondingly enlarge each individual image so as to fill the substrate with for example, four images, all of which have been slightly enlarged to compensate for the shrinkage of the mold in respect of each of these smaller multiple images.  
         [0045]    The computer  20  is then programmed to expand the image to the desired extent in compensating for shrinkage of the female mold material. It is understood that a variety of scanner devices  12  may be employed which, in some form of another, convert the image of the photograph, painting or the like, into digital format. It is also understood that the program on the computer readily adapts to changing situations. As long as the extent of shrinkage of the female mold material is known, the image or images can be readily expanded to compensate for shrinkage of the female mold relative to the male mold. In printing such enlarged images, as described with respect to printers  34  and  60 , it is understood that portions of the entire print may be printed or the printer is programmed to print all of the image for each section of the image as it advances along the substrate. For example, with printer  60 , the advance mechanism  62  advances the canvas textured sheet through the printer to present a portion of the canvas texture sheet on which a corresponding portion of an image is printed thereon by the printing head as the sheet is advanced in increments through the printing system.  
         [0046]    With the enlarged printed canvas sheet  70  in hand, an artist, by way of a brush  72 , spatula or the like, may apply to the canvas sheet  70 , as shown in FIG. 2, the artist putty compound  74  stored in the usual container  76 . The artist applies to the image  78  the putty compound  74  to reproduce on the image  78  the brushstrokes and other shapes that the artist had employed in painting the original. The artist in applying the putty material to the enlarged image does so in proportion to the enlargement which is not difficult in view of the fact that the image is only slightly enlarged relative to the original  18 . As shown in FIG. 3, the male mold has had applied thereto a substantial coating of the putty material, generally indicated at  80 . In most situations the putty material completely covers the image  78  so that all that is visible on the canvas sheet  70  is the hardened putty which in essence constitutes the male mold.  
         [0047]    The male mold is then sprayed as shown in FIG. 3 with a suitable mold release material. The spray  82  may be of a silicone spray from the usual spray can dispenser device  84 . The canvas  70  may be mounted on a suitable solid support  86  and then have fastened thereto perimeter frame members  88 , which are preferably secured by screws  90  to the solid support  86 . With the sides  88  in place, a recess is defined equivalent to the thickness  92  of the sides  88 .  
         [0048]    The recess is then filled by the castible, shrinkable material  94  which is poured ideally from a suitable container  96  in the manner shown in FIG. 4. As already described, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, the curable material  94  may be an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin simply flows over the surface of the canvas sheet  70  having the relief provided thereon with the caked putty material  80 . The epoxy resin  94  is cured in accordance with the manufacturers suggestions. During that curing process, the material shrinks, as already noted in the range of {fraction (1/16)} of an inch for 12 inches of lineal length. After the resin is fully cured, as shown in FIG. 5, the female mold, as formed by the cured resin  98  is separated from the male mold  80  having the sides  88  retained thereon. The backside of the female mold is shown in  95  where the mold has shrunk in its length, dimension  100  and its width dimension  102  to the extent as expected where the length and width of the surface relief for the image would be equivalent to the original length and width of the image such as demonstrated in FIG. 6 by image  46  having a width  48  and length  50 . It is understood that the female mold may be a perimeter portion outside of the image relief formed therein. Hence the shrunken mold, although its exterior dimensions may be larger than the desired print size, has its formed relief of the same size as the desired standard print size.  
         [0049]    As is the usual procedure, the female mold  98  is turned over to expose the recess and detents in the surface  104  of the female mold which is a mirror image and corresponds to the surface generated by the male mold  80 . In the usual manner, a plurality of vacuum holes  106  are drilled in the female mold  98  by use of appropriate drill  108 . The reliefs, detents, grooves, undercuts and the like in the surface of the female mold  104  is then in register with the original size of the printed image so as to provide a relief in the printed image in exact register with the desired brushstrokes for the final image itself. Such vacuum forming of the relief in the sheet is shown in FIG. 8. The female mold  98  is provided in a vacuum box  110  where vacuum is withdrawn from the box through vacuum line  112 . The thermoformable plastic sheet  114  is positioned slightly above the mold  98  and heated by the retractable heater  116  by way of the radiant heat indicated by arrows  118 . As described in the aforementioned U.S. patent application, the sheet is heated in accordance with a prescribed technique, vacuum applied, the sheet cooled, the vacuum released and the sheet removed wherein the relief is vacuum formed into the plastic sheet in register with the image.  
         [0050]    Hence, by use of the programmable system, a convenient, accurate arrangement is provided for making the male mold from which the female mold is ultimately made while taking into consideration shrinkage of the castible material for making the female mold. The programmable system allows an operator to vary the size of the image at will, to format several of the same images in a single canvas substrate for making the male mold. The system can be programmed to immediately adjust the enlargement of the image depending upon the selected finish size for the image. By scanning the image and storing it electronically, the same information may be transposed over to the printer to print the image of the exact enlarged size as the required enlarged male mold.  
         [0051]    Although preferred embodiments of the invention are described herein in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.