Abstract:
A functional element includes a first base body; a coupling section which is coupled to the first base body; a support body which extends from the coupling section; a mass body which is coupled to the support body; a drive electrode which is provided on a surface side that faces the mass body; a detection working electrode which extends from the support body; and a detection fixed electrode which is coupled to the first base body and faces at least a portion of the detection working electrode. The mass body can be displaced in a direction which intersects a main surface of the mass body. When a distance between the first base body and the mass body is referred to as d1 and a distance between the first base body and the detection fixed electrode is referred to as d2, a relation of d1&gt;d2 is satisfied.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to a functional element, a method of manufacturing a functional element, an electronic apparatus including a functional element, and a mobile object. 
     2. Related Art 
     In recent years, an angular velocity sensor (Gyro sensor) which is used as a functional element that detects angular velocity using, for example, a silicon micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) has been developed, and is used for a body control of a vehicle, a vehicle position detection of a car navigation system, vibration control correction (so-called, hand shake correction) of a digital camera, a video camera, and a mobile phone, or the like. 
     In U.S. Pat. No. 6,067,858, an angular velocity sensor is disclosed in which when a mass body is driven by vibration, a so-called vertical vibration in a direction that intersects a main surface of the mass body, and in a planar view, angular velocity of axis rotation in a direction along the main surface of the mass body is applied, the mass body is vibrated in another direction along the main surface by Coriolis force, and angular velocity of an internal surface axis rotation is detected by a change of a capacitance which is generated between a working electrode which extends from the mass body, and a fixed electrode which is disposed on a support substrate. 
     However, in the angular velocity sensor described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,067,858, if a mass body is driven by a vertical vibration, an interval between a support base body and the mass body is decreased, and thus it is not possible to have a large amount of displacement (amplitude) of the mass body. For this reason, there is a problem in which detection sensitivity is not high. 
     SUMMARY 
     The invention can be realized as the following forms or application examples. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLE 1 
     According to this application example, there is provided a functional element including a first base body; a coupling section which is coupled to the first base body; a support body which extends from the coupling section; a mass body which is coupled to the support body; a drive electrode which is provided on a surface side that faces the mass body of the first base body; a detection working electrode which extends from the support body; and a detection fixed electrode which is coupled to the first base body and faces at least a portion of the detection working electrode, in which the mass body can be displaced in a direction which intersects a main surface of the mass body, and in which, when a distance between the first base body and the mass body is referred to as d 1  and a distance between the first base body and the detection fixed electrode is referred to as d 2 , a relation of d 1 &gt;d 2  is satisfied. 
     In this case, the mass body can be displaced in a direction which intersects the main surface, and thereby the mass body can be easily driven by the vertical vibration which is vibration in a direction which intersects the main surface. In addition, the distance d 1  between the first base body and the mass body is longer than the distance d 2  between the first base body and the detection fixed electrode, and thereby the mass body which is driven by the vertical vibration can perform a large vibration displacement in a direction which intersects the main surface. Thus, since the mass body can be driven by the vertical vibration having a large vibration displacement (amplitude), in a case in which angular velocity of an internal surface axis rotation is applied, a large Coriolis force acts, an amount of change of a capacitance that is generated between the detection working electrode and the detection fixed electrode is increased, and thus it is possible to obtain the functional element having high detection sensitivity with respect to angular velocity of the internal surface axis rotation. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLE 2 
     In the functional element according to the application example, it is preferable that a thick body section is provided in the first base body, the coupling section is provided in the thick body section, and in a planar view, the mass body and the thick body section are separated from each other. 
     In this case, the mass body is disposed on an upper surface of the thick body section of the first base body through the coupling section, and thereby the mass body can perform a larger vibration displacement up to a distance in which a height of the thick body section extending from the first base body is added to the distance d 1  between the first base body and the mass body. In addition, since the mass body and the thick body section are separated from each other in a planar view, the mass body can vibrate without being in contact with the thick body section. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLE 3 
     In the functional element according to the application example, it is preferable that at least a portion of the detection fixed electrode is provided in the thick body section. 
     In this case, since the detection fixed electrode is provided on the thick body section of the first base body, the detection fixed electrode, and the detection working electrode which extends from the support body that is disposed on the thick body section of the first base body through the coupling section can be disposed so as to face each other, and thereby a capacitance can be formed between the detection working electrode and the detection fixed electrode. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLE 4 
     In the functional element according to the application example, it is preferable that a thickness of the detection working electrode is thicker than that of the mass body. 
     In this case, a thickness of the detection working electrode is thicker than that of the mass body, and thereby it is possible to lengthen a distance in which a main surface of the mass body and a main surface of the first base body face each other, and to increase an area in which the detection working electrode and the detection fixed electrode face each other. That is, while vibration displacement of the mass body is increased, a capacitance between the detection working electrode and the detection fixed electrode which are electrodes for detection can be increased, and it is possible to obtain the functional element having high detection sensitivity. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLE 5 
     In the functional element according to the application example, it is preferable that, when the mass body is vibrated by an AC voltage which is applied between the mass body and the drive electrode, and angular velocity of axis rotation in a direction along the main surface of the mass body and the direction in which the detection working electrode extends is applied to the mass body, the detection working electrode vibrates in a direction which intersects the direction. 
     In this case, by Coriolis force which is generated by angular velocity of an internal surface axis rotation, the mass body performs vibration displacement in a direction that intersects a direction in which the detection working electrode extends, and thereby the detection working electrode that extends from the support body which is coupled to the mass body also performs vibration displacement in the same direction as the mass body, and an interval between the detection fixed electrode and the detection working electrode is changed. For this reason, a capacitance between the detection working electrode and the detection fixed electrode is changed, and thereby angular velocity of the internal surface axis rotation can be detected by measuring an amount of change of the capacitance between the electrodes. That is, the functional element can be used as an angular velocity sensor which detects angular velocity of the internal surface axis rotation. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLE 6 
     In the functional element according to the application example, it is preferable that the support body includes a first elasticity section which is coupled to the coupling section, and a second elasticity section which is coupled to the mass body, and a thickness of the first elasticity section is thicker than a thickness of the second elasticity section, in a sectional view. 
     In this case, since a thickness of the first elasticity section is thicker than a thickness of the second elasticity section in a sectional view, a bending stiffness in a thickness direction of the first elasticity section is higher than that of the second elasticity section, and thereby, based on vibration in which the mass body performs vibration displacement in a direction that intersects a main surface, it is possible to suppress that the detection working electrode which is coupled to the support body performs vibration displacement in the direction that intersects a main surface. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLE 7 
     According to this application example, there is provided a method of manufacturing a functional element including forming a second concave section in a second base body by processing the second base body; disposing a drive electrode on a first base body; bonding together a surface having the second concave section which is provided in the second base body and a surface having the drive electrode of the first base body; and forming a coupling section, a support body, a mass body, a detection working electrode, and a detection fixed electrode by processing the second base body, in which, the forming of the coupling section, the support body, the mass body, the detection working electrode, and the detection fixed electrode includes forming the mass body in the second concave section. 
     In this case, since the mass body is formed in the second concave section, a distance between a main surface of the mass body and a main surface of the first base body can be lengthened, the mass body can perform a large vibration displacement in a direction which intersects the main surface of the mass body, and thereby it is possible to manufacture the functional element having high detection sensitivity. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLE 8 
     In the method of manufacturing a functional element according to the application example, it is preferable that the method further includes forming a first concave section in the first base body, the disposing of the drive electrode includes forming the drive electrode in the first concave section, and the bonding includes bonding together the first concave section and the second concave section so as to face each other. 
     In this case, since the drive electrode is formed in the first concave section, and the first concave section and the second concave section are bonded together so as to face each other, the mass body and the drive electrode can be disposed so as to face each other, a gap area in which the mass body can perform vibration displacement is further widened, the mass body can perform a larger vibration displacement in a direction which intersects a main surface, and thereby it is possible to manufacture the functional element having high detection sensitivity. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLE 9 
     According to this application example, there is provided an electronic apparatus including the functional element according to the above application examples. 
     According to the present application example, it is possible to realize an accurate electronic apparatus by providing a functional element having high detection sensitivity. 
     APPLICATION EXAMPLE 10 
     According to this application example, there is provided a mobile object including the functional element according to the above application examples. 
     According to the present application example, it is possible to realize a mobile object having excellent safety by providing a functional element having high detection sensitivity. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers reference like elements. 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic plan diagram illustrating a schematic structure of an angular velocity sensor according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic sectional diagram taken along line II-II in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic sectional diagram taken along line III-III in  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic sectional diagram illustrating an operation of an angular velocity sensor according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic sectional diagram illustrating an operation of an angular velocity sensor according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic sectional diagram illustrating an operation of an angular velocity sensor according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic sectional diagram illustrating an operation of an angular velocity sensor according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  is a flowchart illustrating important manufacturing processes of an angular velocity sensor according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic sectional diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of an angular velocity sensor according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic sectional diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of an angular velocity sensor according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic sectional diagram illustrating a manufacturing process of an angular velocity sensor according to the present embodiment. 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a personal computer of a mobile type as an example of an electronic apparatus. 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a mobile phone as an example of an electronic apparatus. 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a digital still camera as an example of an electronic apparatus. 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an automobile as an example of an electronic apparatus. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the respective figures which will be described hereinafter, the respective configuration elements have a magnitude which can be substantially recognized, and thus there is a case in which dimensions and ratios of the respective configuration elements are described so as to be substantially different from dimensions and ratios of actual configuration elements. 
     Functional Element 
     As an example of a functional element according to the present embodiment, an angular velocity sensor which is driven by a vertical vibration and detects angular velocity of internal surface axis rotation will be described with reference to drawings. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic plan diagram illustrating a schematic structure of an angular velocity sensor  100  which is used as a functional element according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 2  is a schematic sectional diagram taken along line II-II in  FIG. 1 . In addition, in the following respective figures, for convenience, as three axes which are orthogonal to one another, an X axis, a Y Axis, and a Z axis are illustrated, a tip side of an arrow which is illustrated is referred to as “+side”, and a base end side is referred to as “−side”. In addition, a direction which is parallel to the X axis is referred to as an “X-axis direction”, a direction which is parallel to the Y axis is referred to as a “Y-axis direction”, and a direction which is parallel to the Z axis is referred to as a “Z-axis direction”. Furthermore, for convenience, in a planar view which is viewed from the Z-axis direction, a surface of the Z-axis direction will be described as a main surface, a +Z-axis side will be described as an upper surface, and a −Z axis side will be described as a lower surface. 
     The angular velocity sensor  100  according to the present embodiment has a structure in which two structural bodies are arranged in parallel, and has a configuration in which the two structural bodies are line-symmetrical to a center line C in  FIG. 1 . For this reason, description of the structural body on the +X direction side will be omitted, and a structure and an operation of the angular velocity sensor  100  will be made using the structural body on the −X direction side. 
     The angular velocity sensor  100  is an angular velocity sensor (capacitance type MEMS angular velocity sensor element) which detects angular velocity of a Y-axis rotation which is an internal surface axis, and as illustrated in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , is configured to include a first base body  10  which includes drive electrodes  27  in first concave sections  14 , and a second base body  110  on which a mass body  60  and a support body  20  are formed. 
     In the first base body  10 , a thick body section  12  of a ring shape is provided along an outer edge section of the first base body  10 , and the first concave sections  14  are configured on a side which faces the second base body  110 . That is, a bottom surface  16  is provided in the first concave section  14  of the first base body  10 , and on an upper surface of the bottom surface  16  which configures the first concave section  14 , a drive electrode  27  is formed in a position which faces the mass body  60  that is provided on the second base body  110  which will be described later. 
     A material of the first base body  10  is, for example, glass or silicon, and a material of the drive electrode  27  is, for example, aluminum, gold, indium tin oxide (ITO), or the like. 
     It is preferable that a material of the drive electrode  27  is a transparent electrode material such as ITO. By using a transparent electrode material as the drive electrode  27 , in a case in which the first base body  10  is a transparent substrate (glass substrate), foreign matter or the like which exists on an upper surface of the drive electrode  27  can be easily viewed from a lower surface side of the first base body  10 . 
     The second base body  110  is configured to include coupling sections  22 , the support body  20  which includes first elasticity sections  30  and second elasticity sections  24 , a mass body  60 , detection working electrodes  40 , and detection fixed electrodes  50 . In addition, in the second base body  110 , a second concave section  15  is formed in the mass body  60  and the second elasticity sections  24  on a side facing the first base body  10 . 
     The coupling section  22  is coupled to an upper surface of the thick body section  12  of the first base body  10 . The coupling section  22  may be fixed (bonded) to the upper surface of the thick body section  12 . The coupling section  22  supports the support body  20  which extends from the coupling section  22 , and the mass body  60  and the detection working electrode  40  which are coupled to the support body  20 . In the example illustrated in  FIG. 1 , four coupling sections  22  per one support body  20  are provided, but if the support body  20  can support it, the number of the coupling sections  22  is not particularly limited. 
     The support body  20  has a ring shape which encloses the mass body  60 , and is configured to include the first elasticity section  30  which is coupled to the coupling section  22 , and the second elasticity section  24  which is coupled to the mass body  60 . 
     The first elasticity section  30  extends from the coupling section  22  in the Y-axis direction which is a direction that intersects a direction in which the mass bodies  60  are arranged in parallel, is coupled to the support body  20 , and is configured so as to perform vibration displacement of the support body  20  to which the mass body  60  and the detection working electrode  40  are coupled, along the X-axis direction which is a direction in which the mass bodies  60  are arranged in parallel. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 1 , four first elasticity sections  30  per one support body  20  are provided, but if vibration displacement of the support body  20  can be performed in the X-axis direction, the number of the first elasticity sections  30  is not particularly limited. 
     The second elasticity section  24  extends from the support body  20  in the Y-axis direction, while reciprocating in the X-axis direction, is coupled to the mass body  60 , and is configured perform vibration displacement of the mass body  60  only in the Z-axis direction, without vibration displacement of the support body  20  in the Z-axis direction. Thus, the second elasticity section  24  extends from the support body  20  in the X-axis direction, while reciprocating in the Y-axis direction, and may be configured to be coupled to the mass body  60 . In the example illustrated in  FIG. 1 , four second elasticity sections  24  per one mass body  60  are provided, but if vibration displacement of the mass body  60  can be performed in the Z-axis direction which is a direction that intersects a main surface, the number of the second elasticity sections  24  is not particularly limited. 
     A thickness (length of Z-axis direction) of the first elasticity section  30  is configured to be thicker than a thickness (length of Z-axis direction) of the second elasticity section  24 , in a sectional view. That is, as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the second elasticity section  24  is formed in the second concave section  15  which is formed in the second base body  110 , and thereby the first elasticity section  30  can be thicker than the second elasticity section  24 . For this reason, a bending stiffness in the Z-axis direction which is a thickness direction of the first elasticity section  30  is stronger than the second elasticity section  24 , and thus it is possible to suppress vibration displacement of the detection working electrode  40 , which is coupled to the support body  20 , in the Z-axis direction, by vibration in which vibration displacement of the mass body  60  is performed in the Z-axis direction. 
     The mass body  60  is coupled to the support body  20  through the second elasticity section  24 . For this reason, bending stiffness in the Z-axis direction is supported by a low second elasticity section  24 , and thus the mass body  60  is configured so as to perform vibration displacement in the Z-axis direction which is a direction that intersects a main surface. For this reason, by being supported by the second elasticity section  24  in which vibration displacement is easily performed in the Z-axis direction, the mass body  60  can be displaced in the Z-axis direction. A thickness (length of Z-axis direction) of the mass body  60 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , is provided in the second concave section  15  which is formed in the second base body  110 , and thus, is thinner than a thickness (length of Z-axis direction) of the support body  20  and the detection working electrode  40  which extends from the support body  20 . In the example illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a planar shape of the mass body  60  is a rectangular shape, but may be a polygonal shape or a circular shape. 
     The detection working electrodes  40  extend from the support body  20  in the Y-axis direction, and in the example illustrated in  FIG. 1 , respectively extend from a side opposite to a side to which the second elasticity section  24  of the support body  20  is coupled, in a +Y-axis direction and a −Y-axis direction. 
     The detection fixed electrode  50  is coupled to an upper surface of the thick body section  12  which is an upper surface of the first base body  10 . The detection fixed electrode  50  may be fixed (bonded) to the upper surface of the thick body section  12 . The detection fixed electrode  50  extends from a side which is coupled to the thick body section  12  in the Y-axis direction, and faces the detection working electrode  40  through a gap. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a detection fixed electrode  50   b  is provided on a −X-axis direction side of the detection working electrode  40 , and a detection fixed electrode  50   a  is provided on a +X-axis direction side of the detection working electrode  40 . 
     The detection fixed electrode  50  faces the detection working electrode  40  in the X-axis direction. A side surface (a surface which faces the X-axis direction) of the detection fixed electrode  50  is in parallel with, for example, a side surface (a surface which faces the X-axis direction) of the detection working electrode  40 . The side surface of the detection fixed electrode  50  and the side surface of the detection working electrode  40  may be in parallel with a YZ-axis surface which is orthogonal to the X axis. 
     The support body  20  which includes the first elasticity section  30  and the second elasticity section  24 , the mass body  60 , and the detection working electrode  40  which are disposed on the first concave section  14  of the first base body  10 , and are separated from the first base body  10 , by the coupling section  22  which is coupled to an upper surface of the thick body section  12  of the first base body  10 . The mass body  60  is formed in the second concave section  15  of the second base body  110 . Here, a distance d 1  between the first base body  10  and the mass body  60  is longer than a distance d 2  between the first base body  10  and the detection fixed electrode  50 . For this reason, the mass body  60  can perform a large vibration displacement in the Z-axis direction which is a direction that is orthogonal to a main surface. 
     The mass body  60  and the drive electrode  27  are disposed so as to face each other, and thereby if a voltage is applied to the mass body  60  and the drive electrode  27 , electrostatic force is generated between the mass body  60  and the drive electrode  27 , vibration can be produced by repeating approach and separation of the mass body  60  on the drive electrode  27  side. By doing this, it is possible to perform a vertical vibration of the mass body  60  in the Z-axis direction. 
     The mass body  60  vibrates in the Z-axis direction by an AC voltage which is applied between the mass body  60  and the drive electrode  27 , and when angular velocity of Y-axis rotation is applied in the Y-axis direction which is a direction in which the detection working electrode  40  extends, Coriolis force is applied to the mass body  60 , and the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in the X-axis direction. That is, in a state in which the mass body  60  vibrates in the Z-axis direction, if angular velocity of Y-axis rotation is applied, the Coliolis force is applied to the mass body  60 , the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in the X-axis direction, and thus the detection working electrode  40  which is coupled to the mass body  60  through the support body  20  also performs vibration displacement in the same direction as that of the mass body  60 . For this reason, by measuring a capacitance between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50 , angular velocity can be detected, and thereby it is possible to obtain a function as an angular velocity sensor  100 . 
     The materials of the coupling section  22  of the second base body  110 , the support body  20  which includes the first elasticity section  30  and the second elasticity section  24 , the mass body  60 , the detection working electrode  40 , and the detection fixed electrode  50  are silicon to which conductivity is added by doping impurities, such as phosphorus, or boron. The coupling section  22  of the second base body  110 , the support body  20  which includes the first elasticity section  30  and the second elasticity section  24 , the mass body  60 , the detection working electrode  40 , and the detection fixed electrode  50  are formed by integrally processing one substrate (for example, silicon substrate) using a photolithography method and an etching method. 
     A method of bonding the coupling section  22  and the detection fixed electrode  50  of the second base body  110  to the first base body  10  is not particularly limited, and for example, in a case in which a material of the first base body  10  is glass and a material of the coupling section  22  and the detection fixed electrode  50  of the second base body  110  is silicon, the first base body  10  can be anodically bonded to the coupling section  22  and the detection fixed electrode  50  of the second base body  110 . 
     Operation Principle of Functional Element 
     Next, an operation principle of the angular velocity sensor  100  that is used as a functional element will be described in detail using  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 3  to  FIG. 7 . 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic sectional diagram taken along the line III-III in  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 4  to  FIG. 7  are schematic sectional diagrams illustrating an operation of the angular velocity sensor  100  according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 3  illustrates a structure in which the angular velocity sensor  100  is line-symmectric to a center line D, and thus  FIG. 4  to  FIG. 7  illustrate only structural bodies on the −X axis side of  FIG. 3 , and operations thereof will be described. 
     If a voltage is applied to the mass body  60  and the drive electrode  27 , an electrostatic force can be generated between the mass body  60  and the drive electrode  27 . By doing this, the mass body  60  repeats approach and separation with respect to the drive electrode  27 , and it is possible to perform a vertical vibration in which vibration displacement is performed in the Z-axis direction which is a direction that intersects a main surface. More specifically, by applying an Ac voltage between the mass body  60  and the drive electrode  27 , the mass body  60  can vibrate in the Z-axis direction at a predetermined frequency. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in an α 1  direction (−Z-axis direction). In the example illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in an α 2  direction (+Z-axis direction) which is a direction opposite to the α 1  direction (−Z-axis direction). 
     The mass body  60  on the +X-axis direction side, description of which is omitted has a direction of vibration displacement which is opposite to the mass body  60  on the −X-axis direction side, and for example, when the mass body on the +X-axis direction side performs vibration displacement in the α 1  direction (−Z-axis direction), the mass body  60  on the −X-axis direction side performs vibration displacement in the α 2  direction (+Z-axis direction). That is, the mass body  60  on the +X-axis side direction and the mass body  60  on the −X-axis side direction which are arranged in parallel with each other vibrate in a reverse-phase with each other. 
     In a state in which the mass body  60  vibrates in the Z-axis direction, if angular velocity ω of Y-axis rotation is applied to the angular velocity sensor  100 , the Coriolis force is applied to the mass body  60 , and the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in the X-axis direction. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in the α 1  direction (−Z-axis direction), and thus the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in a β 1  direction (−X-axis direction) by the Coriolis force. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in the α 2  direction (+Z-axis direction), and thus the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in a β 2  direction (+X-axis direction) which is a direction opposite to the β 1  direction (−X-axis direction), by the Coriolis force. For this reason, the detection working electrode  40  which extends from the support body  20  that is integral to the mass body  60  also performs vibration displacement in the same direction as the mass body  60 . 
     If the angular velocity ω of the Y-axis rotation is applied to the angular velocity sensor  100 , and thereby the detection working electrode  40  performs vibration displacement in the β 1  direction (−X-axis direction), a distance between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50   b  is shortened, and a capacitance C 2  between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50   b  increases. In addition, if the detection working electrode  40  performs vibration displacement in the β 1  direction (−X-axis direction), a distance between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50   b  is lengthened, and a capacitance C 1  between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50   b  decreases. Thus, if the capacitance C 2  and the capacitance C 1  are respectively converted into voltages by a C/V conversion circuit (capacitance/voltage conversion circuit, not illustrated), and are amplified by a differential amplifier (not illustrated), it is possible to detect a magnitude of the angular velocity ω of the Y-axis rotation from an output voltage (AC) of the amplified value. 
     Even in a case in which the detection working electrode  40  performs vibration displacement in the β 2  direction (+X-axis direction), a distance between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50   a,  and a distance between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50   b  become reverse to the distances described above, but in the same manner as described above, it is possible to detect a magnitude of angular velocity ω of the Y-axis rotation. In addition, by detecting an output voltage of a differential amplifier using a synchronous detector (not illustrated), a rotation direction of angular velocity ω can also be detected. 
     If a distance in which the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in the Z-axis direction is lengthened, in a case in which a frequency of vibration is constant, displacement velocity of the mass body  60  which vibrates can be increased, and thereby the Coriolis force at the time of adding the angular velocity increases. For this reason, an amount of displacement of the detection working electrode  40  is also increased, and thereby an amount of change of the capacitance between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50  can also be increased, and detection sensitivity can be increased. Thus, it is possible to obtain the angular velocity sensor  100  having a higher detection sensitivity. 
     In the description above, a form (electrostatic driving method) of driving the mass body  60  using the electrostatic force is described, but a method of driving the mass body  60  is not particularly limited, and a piezoelectric driving method, an electromagnetic driving method using Lorentz force of a magnetic field, or the like can be applied to the method. 
     In addition, in the angular velocity sensor  100  according to the present embodiment, an AC voltage is applied to the mass body  60  and the drive electrode  27 , the mass body  60  vibrates in the Z-axis direction, and thereby angular velocity of an internal surface axis (Y axis) rotation is detected as a change of a capacitance between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50 . However, in contrast to this, an AC voltage is applied to the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50 , the mass body  60  vibrates in the X-axis direction, and thereby angular velocity of an internal surface axis (Y axis) rotation may be configured to be detected as a change of a capacitance between the mass body  60  and the drive electrode  27 . 
     The angular velocity sensor  100  according to the present embodiment has, for example, the following characteristics. 
     According to the angular velocity sensor  100  of the present embodiment, the mass body  60  can be displaced in a direction which intersects a main surface, and thereby the mass body  60  can be easily driven by a vertical vibration which is vibration in a direction (Z-axis direction) which intersects the main surface. In addition, a distance d 1  between the first base body  10  and the mass body  60  is lengthened more than a distance d 2  between the first base body  10  and the detection fixed electrode  50 , and thereby the mass body  60  which is driven by a vertical vibration can perform a large vibration displacement in the Z-axis direction which is a direction that intersects the main surface. Thus, since the mass body  60  can be driven by a vertical vibration having a large amount of displacement (amplitude), in a case in which the angular velocity of the Y-axis rotation which is an internal surface axis is applied, a large Coriolis force acts, an amount of change of a capacitance that is generated between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50  is increased, and thus it is possible to obtain the angular velocity sensor  100  having a high detection sensitivity with respect to angular velocity of the Y-axis rotation. 
     In addition, the mass body  60  is disposed on an upper surface of the thick body section  12  of the first base body  10  through the coupling section  22 , and thereby the mass body  60  can perform a larger vibration displacement up to a distance in which a height of the thick body section  12  extending from the first base body  10  is added to the distance d 1  between the first base body  10  and the mass body  60 . In addition, since the mass body  60  and the thick body section  12  are separated from each other in a planar view, the mass body  60  can vibrate without being in contact with the thick body section  12 . 
     In addition, since the detection fixed electrode  50  is provided on an upper surface of the thick body section  12  of the first base body  10 , the detection fixed electrode  50  and the detection working electrode  40  which extends from the support body  20  that is disposed on an upper surface of the thick body section  12  of the first base body  10  through the coupling section  22  can be disposed so as to face each other, and thereby a capacitance can be formed between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50 . 
     In addition, a thickness of the detection working electrode  40  is thicker than that of the mass body  60 , and thereby it is possible to lengthen a distance in which a main surface of the mass body  60  and a main surface of the first base body  10  face each other, and to increase an area in which the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50  face each other. That is, while vibration displacement of the mass body  60  is increased, a capacitance between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50  which are electrodes for detection can be increased, and it is possible to obtain the angular velocity sensor  100  having a high detection sensitivity. 
     In addition, by the Coriolis force which is generated by angular velocity of the Y-axis rotation which is an internal surface axis, the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in the X-axis direction which is a direction that intersects a direction in which the detection working electrode  40  extends, and thereby the detection working electrode  40  which extends from the support body  20  which is coupled to the mass body  60  also performs vibration displacement in the same direction as the mass body  60 , and an interval between the detection fixed electrode  50  and the detection working electrode  40  is changed. For this reason, a capacitance between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50  is changed, and thereby angular velocity of the Y-axis rotation can be detected by measuring an amount of change of the capacitance between the electrodes. 
     In addition, since a thickness of the first elasticity section  30  is thicker than a thickness of the second elasticity section  24  in a sectional view, a bending stiffness in a thickness direction (Z-axis direction) of the first elasticity section  30  is higher than that of the second elasticity section  24 , and thereby, based on vibration in which the mass body  60  performs vibration displacement in the Z-axis direction which is a direction that intersects a main surface, it is possible to suppress that the detection working electrode  40  which is coupled to the support body  20  performs vibration displacement in the Z-axis direction. 
     Method of Manufacturing Functional Element 
     Next, an example of a method of manufacturing the angular velocity sensor  100  as a functional element according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to  FIG. 1 , and  FIG. 8  to  FIG. 11 . 
     The  FIG. 8  is a flowchart illustrating important manufacturing processes of the angular velocity sensor  100  according to the present embodiment.  FIG. 9  to  FIG. 11  are schematic sectional diagrams illustrating manufacturing processes of the angular velocity sensor  100  according to the present embodiment. 
     First Concave Section Forming Process S 1   
     To begin with, in a first concave section forming process (S 1 ), a first concave section  14  is formed in a glass substrate  10   a  by etching the glass substrate  10   a,  and thereby the first base body  10  is obtained. The etching is performed by, for example, wet etching. By the present process, the first base body  10  having the thick body section  12  and the bottom surface  16  can be prepared. 
     Drive Electrode Forming Process S 2   
     Next, in a drive electrode forming process (S 2 ), as illustrated in  FIG. 9 , the drive electrode  27  is formed on the bottom surface  16  of the first concave section  14 . A conductive layer is formed on the bottom surface  16  using a sputtering method, and thereafter the conductive layer is patterned using a photolithography method and an etching method, and thereby the drive electrode  27  is formed. 
     Second Concave Section Forming Process S 3   
     Next, in a second concave section forming process (S 3 ), as illustrated in  FIG. 10 , a second concave section  15  is formed in a silicon substrate  110   a  by etching the silicon substrate  110   a,  and thereby the second base body  110  is obtained. The etching is performed by, for example, dry etching. By the present process, the second base body  110  in which the second concave section  15  is provided can be prepared. 
     Bonding Process S 4   
     Next, in a bonding process S 4  in which the first base body  10  and the second base body  110  are bonged together, as illustrated in  FIG. 11 , a side in which the first concave section  14  of the first base body  10  is opened, and a side in which the second concave section  15  of the second base body  110  is opened are bonded together so as to face each other. Bonding of the first base body  10  and the second base body  110  is performed by anodic bonding or the like. Areas to be bonded are the thick body section  12  of the first base body  10 , the coupling section  22  of the second base body  110  which will be formed in the subsequent process, and the detection fixed electrode  50 . In the bonding process, the first concave section  14  and the second concave section  15  are bonded together in such a manner that openings thereof face each other, and thereby a wide gap in which the mass body  60  can perform a large vibration displacement in the Z-axis direction is configured. 
     Shape Pattern Forming Process S 5   
     Next, in a shape pattern forming process (S 5 ) in which the coupling section  22 , the support body  20  which includes the first elasticity section  30  and the second elasticity section  24 , the mass body  60 , the detection working electrode  40 , and the detection fixed electrode  50  are formed, the second base body  110  is patterned (etched) in a desired shape, and thereby, the coupling section  22 , the support body  20  which includes the first elasticity section  30  and the second elasticity section  24 , the mass body  60 , the detection working electrode  40 , and the detection fixed electrode  50  are formed. The patterning is performed using a photolithography technique and etching technology (dry etching), and as a more specific etching technology, a Bosch method can be used. In the present process, by patterning (etching) the second base body  110 , the coupling section  22 , the support body  20  which includes the first elasticity section  30  and the second elasticity section  24 , the mass body  60 , the detection working electrode  40 , and the detection fixed electrode  50  are integrally formed. 
     By the manufacturing method described above, the coupling section  22  is bonded to the thick body section  12 , and thereby the support body  20  in which the first elasticity section  30  and the second elasticity section  24  are included, the mass body  60 , and the detection working electrode  40  can be separated from the first base body  10 , and it is possible to perform vibration displacement of the mass body  60  in the Z-axis direction, or vibration displacement of the detection working electrode  40  in the X-axis direction. 
     In addition, the detection fixed electrode  50  is bonded to the thick body section  12 , and thereby it is possible to easily perform an electrical insulation of the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50 , and to easily form a capacitance between the detection working electrode  40  and the detection fixed electrode  50 . 
     As described above, according to the method of manufacturing the angular velocity sensor  100  according to the present embodiment, the mass body  60  is formed in the second concave section  15  which is formed in the second base body  110 , in the shape pattern forming process in which the coupling section  22 , the support body  20 , the mass body  60 , the detection working electrode  40 , and the detection fixed electrode  50  are formed. For this reason, a distance between a main surface of the mass body  60  and a main surface of the first base body  10  can be lengthened, the mass body  60  can perform a large vibration displacement in a direction which intersects the main surface of the mass body  60 , and thereby it is possible to manufacture the angular velocity sensor  100  having a high detection sensitivity. 
     In addition, the method of manufacturing the angular velocity sensor  100  according to the present embodiment includes the first concave section forming process in which the first concave section  14  is formed in the first base body  10 . In the drive electrode forming process, the drive electrode  27  is formed in the first concave section  14 . In the bonding process, the first concave section  14  of the first base body  10  and the second concave section  15  of the second base body  110  are bonded together so as to face each other. For this reason, the mass body  60  and the drive electrode  27  can be disposed so as to face each other, a gap area in which the mass body  60  can perform vibration displacement is further widened, the mass body  60  can perform a larger vibration displacement in a direction (Z-axis direction) which intersects a main surface, and thereby it is possible to manufacture the angular velocity sensor  100  having a high detection sensitivity. 
     Electronic Apparatus 
     Next, an electronic apparatus which includes the functional element according to an embodiment of the invention will be described in detail using  FIG. 12  to  FIG. 14 . In the present description, an example in which the angular velocity sensor  100  is used as a functional element is illustrated. 
       FIG. 12  is a perspective diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a personal computer of a mobile type (or notebook type) as an example of an electronic apparatus which includes the angular velocity sensor  100  according to an embodiment of the invention. 
     In  FIG. 12 , a personal computer  1100  is configured to include a body section  1104  which includes a key board  1102 , and a display unit  1106  which includes a display section  1000 . The display unit  1106  is supported so as to be able to rotate with respect to the body section  1104  through a hinge structure section. The angular velocity sensor  100  which includes a function in which an angle at the time of rotating the personal computer  1100  is detected is embedded in the personal computer  1100 . 
       FIG. 13  is a perspective diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a mobile phone  1200  (including PHS) as an example of an electronic apparatus which includes the angular velocity sensor  100  according to an embodiment of the invention. 
     In  FIG. 13 , the mobile phone  1200  includes a plurality of operation buttons  1202 , a voice receiving hole  1204 , and a voice transmitting hole  1206 . The display section  1000  is disposed between the operation buttons  1202  and the voice receiving hole  1204 . The angular velocity sensor  100  which includes a function in which an angle at the time of rotating the mobile phone  1200  is detected is embedded in the mobile phone  1200 . 
       FIG. 14  is a perspective diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a digital still camera  1300  as an example of an electronic apparatus which includes the angular velocity sensor  100  according to an embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 14  also simply illustrates with regard to a connection to an external apparatus. Here, while a film camera in the related art exposes a silver salt photographic film to light using an optical image of a subject, the digital still camera  1300  performs a photoelectric conversion of the optical image of the subject using an imaging device such as a charge coupled device (CCD) and generates an imaging signal (image signal). 
     The display section  1000  is provided on a back surface of a case (body)  1302  of the digital still camera  1300 , and display is performed based on an imaging signal according to the CCD. The display section  1000  functions as a finder which displays the subject as an electronic image. In addition, a light receiving unit  1304  which includes an optical lens (imaging optical system), a CCD or the like is provided on a front surface side (rear side in the figure) of the case  1302 . 
     If a photographer checks a subject image which is displayed on the display section  1000  and pushes a shutter button  1306 , an imaging signal of the CCD at that time is transferred to a memory  1308  and is stored there. In addition, in the digital still camera  1300 , a video signal output terminal  1312 , and an input and output terminal  1314  for data communication are provided on a side surface of the case  1302 . Then, as illustrated, a television monitor  1430  is connected to the video signal output terminal  1312 , and a personal computer  1440  is connected to the input and output terminal  1314  for data communication, as necessary. Furthermore, the digital still camera  1300  is configured such that an imaging signal which is stored in the memory  1308  is output to the television monitor  1430  or the personal computer  1440  by a predetermined operation. The angular velocity sensor  100  which includes a function in which an angle at the time of rotating the digital still camera  1300  is detected is embedded in the digital still camera  1300 . 
     In addition to the personal computer  1100  (mobile type personal computer) of  FIG. 12 , the mobile phone  1200  of  FIG. 13 , and the digital still camera  1300  of  FIG. 14 , the angular velocity sensor  100  according to an embodiment of the invention can also be applied to an electronic apparatus, such as a mobile terminal such as a smart phone, a communication apparatus, an ink jet type ejecting device (for example, ink jet printer), a laptop type personal computer, a tablet type personal computer, a storage area network apparatus such as a router or a switch, a local area network apparatus, an apparatus for a mobile terminal base station, a television, a video camera, a video recorder, a car navigation device, a real time clock device, a pager, an electronic notebook (including a communication function), an electronic dictionary, an electronic calculator, an electronic game machine, a word processor, a workstation, a videophone, a security television monitor, electronic binoculars, a POS terminal, a medical apparatus (for example, an electronic thermometer, a blood pressure monitor, a blood glucose meter, an electrocardiogram measuring device, an ultrasonic diagnostic device, an electronic endoscope), a fish finder, various measuring instruments, gauges (for example, gauges of a vehicle, an airplane, and a ship), a flight simulator, a head-mounted display, a motion trace, motion tracking, a motion controller, or a pedestrian position orientation measurement (PDR). 
     Mobile Object 
     Next, a mobile object which includes a functional element according to an embodiment of the invention will be described using  FIG. 15 . In the present description, an example in which the angular velocity sensor  100  that is used as a functional element is used will be described. 
       FIG. 15  is a perspective diagram schematically illustrating an automobile  1500  as an example of a mobile object. 
     The angular velocity sensor  100  according to an embodiment of the invention is mounted in the automobile  1500 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 15 , the angular velocity sensor  100  is embedded in the automobile  1500  which is used as a mobile object, and thereby an electronic control unit  1502  which controls a tire  1503  or the like is mounted in a car body  1501 . In addition, in addition to those described above, the angular velocity sensor  100 , can be widely applied to an electronic control unit (ECU), such as a keyless entry, an immobilizer, a car navigation system, a car air conditioner, an anti-lock brake system (ABS), an airbag, a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), an engine control, a brake system, a battery monitor of a hybrid automobile or an electric vehicle, or a vehicle body posture control system. 
     The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-121216, filed Jun. 12, 2014 is expressly incorporated by reference herein.