Abstract:
An electrical generating system includes a plurality of linear operating magnetos impeded within a roadway pavement, whereby the passage of vehicle wheels from moving motor vehicles directly depresses linear solenoid plungers for generating electricity, without the need for the extra energy consumption drawbacks, such as bellows, compressed air or ratchet mechanisms.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to vehicle actuated road imbedded magneto generators.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Among related patents include U.S. Pat. No. 6,204,568 of Runner, which has a ratchet plunger connected to air flow turbines for converting mechanical motion of vehicles moving in traffic to electrical energy.  
           [0003]    Also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,614,875 of McGee has a similar vehicle wheel actuated electrical generator such as a rotor and stator generator, i.e., an AC generator or a DC dynamo.  
           [0004]    The other patents disclose auxiliary mechanical devices such as inflatable bladders or gears that produce mechanical energy which is converted to electrical energy by a generator. These devices are not efficient because of the extra auxiliary mechanical step in producing electrical energy.  
           [0005]    For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,339,920 of Le Van, U.S. Pat. No. 4,322,673 of Dukess, U.S. Pat. No. 4,418,542 of Ferrell, U.S. Pat. No. 4,081,224 of Krupp, U.S. Pat. No. 4,212,598 of Roche, U.S. Pat. No. 4,173,431 of Smith and U.S. Pat. No. 6,172,426 of Galich all use vehicle tire movement responsive fluid compressors to produce electrical or mechanical energy.  
           [0006]    Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 4,239,975 of Chiappetti uses a vehicle tire responsive flywheel to power an electrical generator.  
           [0007]    Moreover, U.S. Pat. No. 4,238,687 of Martinez generates power from the movement of motor vehicle tires over a roadway with a plurality of pivoting treadles plates having ratchet teeth moving a ratchet turbine wheel.  
           [0008]    In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 5,081,848 of Rawlings and U.S. Pat. No. 4,132,074 of Wendel describe underground pavement de-icers.  
           [0009]    However, these patents do not describe an electrical generating system wherein a plurality of linear operating magnetos are physically imbedded within a roadway pavement. The passage of vehicle wheels from moving motor vehicles directly depresses linear solenoid plungers for generating electricity. This can be done without the need for the auxiliary energy consumption drawbacks of the known prior art patents, which need bellows, compressed air devices, etc. to convert the energy indirectly.  
         OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION  
         [0010]    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a an electrical generating system wherein a plurality of linear operating magnetos are physically imbedded within a roadway pavement, without the need for the auxiliary energy consumption drawbacks of the known prior art patents, such as bellows, compressed air devices, etc. to convert the energy indirectly.  
           [0011]    It is also an object of the present invention to provide a low cost energy generation system.  
           [0012]    Other objects which become apparent from the following description of the present invention.  
         SUMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0013]    In keeping with these objects and others which may become apparent, the present invention is directed to an electrical generating system wherein a plurality of linear operating magnetos are physically imbedded within a roadway pavement. The passage of vehicle wheels from moving motor vehicles directly depresses linear solenoid plungers for generating electricity.  
           [0014]    This can be done without the need for the auxiliary energy consumption drawbacks of the known prior art patents, which need bellows, compressed air devices, etc. to convert the energy indirectly.  
           [0015]    The system of the present invention as described generates electrical energy from vehicular traffic moving on a roadway. Generating modules in the form of long narrow strips are imbedded in the expansion joints of concrete roadways across traffic lanes. Cam elements are used to momentarily engage the tires of moving vehicles so as to mechanically move a shaft that is part of a linear multi-coil, multi-magnet magneto generator imbedded below grade. After the vehicle tire moves off the cam element, it is returned to its original position by a spring which had been compressed by the force of the vehicle tire. In this manner, pulses of electricity are generated on both up and down strokes of the linear magneto generator. By using a series wiring of the coil elements in a single generating module and passing the current through a bridge rectifier, high voltage uni-directional voltage pulses are generated. The output of multiple generating modules are then wired in a parallel network and fed to an electrical storage device. When the state of charge in the storage element is sufficient, a synchronous inverter is started to convert the generated electrical pulse energy thus stored to AC line compatible power for distribution to the power network.  
           [0016]    Therefore, the present invention includes a motor vehicle-actuated electrical generating system disposed within the pavement of a roadway having a surface area upon which vehicles drive.  
           [0017]    A plurality of spaced-apart housings, such as elongated hollows extend downward vertically from the roadway surface, wherein the hollows respectively having magnetos disposed therein.  
           [0018]    Each magneto respectively has a plunger, which is alternately movable between a raised position and a lowered position. The plunger extends vertically downward from the roadway surface within each elongated hollow, which may be cylindrical or of another elongated open space configuration.  
           [0019]    The plunger has an upper end with a roadway treadle, which treadle bears on the plunger. The treadle is substantially parallel with the roadway surface when the plunger is in the raised position. The plunger also has a lower end, which lower end is mounted to a compressible spring, urging the plunger into the raised position.  
           [0020]    The plunger is caused to move from the raised to the lowered position by the application of vehicle tire weight upon the treadle and the plunger is caused to move from the lowered to the raised position by the spring when vehicle tire weight upon the treadle is released.  
           [0021]    To produce electrical energy, the elongated hollows have mounted therewithin a plurality of vertically spaced-apart electrical coils, each having a respective central aperture, which central apertures are each a central vertically extending void through which the plunger extends. The plunger has a plurality of vertically spaced-apart magnets mounted thereon, which magnets are vertically movable with the movement of the plunger alternately between the raised and the lowered positions. The magnet movement is in close electrically-generating effective proximity to the coil, so that the magnet movement causes a flow of electrons within the coils. These coils are electrically connected so as to effectively and usefully collect the energy arising from the induced electron flow within the coils.  
           [0022]    The spaced-apart elongated hollows are arranged in transverse rows across the roadway, in transverse rows which extend perpendicular to the direction of vehicle travel on the roadway.  
           [0023]    These elongated hollows may be disposed within one or more expansion joints within the roadway. Preferably, these spaced-apart elongated hollows are arranged in one or more longitudinal bands, which comprise an elongated area of the roadway surface parallel to the direction of vehicular travel, so that at least one longitudinal band is positioned in a portion of the surface of the roadway having the greatest likelihood of being contacted by the tires of vehicles on the roadway i.e., in the portion of the lanes of traffic where tires are most likely to travel.  
           [0024]    These longitudinal bands have a width sufficient to accommodate a plurality of the spaced-apart elongated hollows disposed in rows perpendicular to the direction of vehicular traffic on the roadway, such as three, four, five or six spaced apart elongated hollows.  
           [0025]    The induced electrical energy is produced by the direct motion of the vertically spaced-apart plunger magnets in effective proximity to the vertically spaced-apart electrical coils, without the use of extra auxiliary mechanical movers, such as flywheels, air compressors, bellows, ratchets or any mechanical means other than the magnetos herein in order to capture, transmit, translate or convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.  
           [0026]    One or more of the spaced-apart elongated hollows are positioned in close proximity to each other in an electrical generating module, which module has a hinged top plate acting as a cam, wherein the cam is in mechanical contact with the plungers of at least two of the spaced-apart elongated hollows. The cam is rotatably movable between a raised position and a depressed position when actuated by downwardly directed vehicle tire pressure. The cam downwardly depresses simultaneously each plunger within the plurality of spaced-apart elongated hollows for synchronizing the electrical output of the plurality of spaced-apart elongated hollows.  
           [0027]    Preferably, the vertically spaced-apart electrical coils are wired in series to produce electrical output with synchronous polarity.  
           [0028]    A bridge rectifier may be provided for preventing reverse current flow during electrical generation, wherein the vertically spaced-apart electrical coils are wired in series and the electrical generating module has at least one bridge rectifier to produce high-voltage uni-directional voltage pulses with each stroke of the plungers within the plurality of spaced-apart elongated hollows.  
           [0029]    The modules may be wired in parallel. The electrical output produced by the electrical generating module is sent to electrical storage means, such as an electrical charge storage means, sensing the state and sufficiency of the stored electrical charge with a trigger and synchronous inverter for supplying the energy stored electrical charge to AC lines when triggered to do so by the trigger.  
           [0030]    The spaced-apart elongated hollows may have sealing gaskets disposed at the surface of the roadway to seal the elongated hollows, and the treadle may have a noise reducer for damping the sounds of tires contacting the treadle.  
           [0031]    The electrical storage means for storing the electrical output of the plurality of generating modules may be one or more batteries or one or more storage capacitors. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0032]    The present invention can best be understood in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is noted that the invention is not limited to the precise embodiments shown in drawings, in which:  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 1 is a Perspective view of generating modules embedded in a roadway;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 1A is a Perspective view of an alternate embodiment of generating modules embedded in a roadway;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 2 is a Side view crossection of a generating module showing details of a linear magneto generator;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 3 is a Top view of a generating module of this invention;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 4 is a Side view detail showing cam operation geometry;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 5 is a Schematic diagram of the wiring of a single generating module; and, FIG. 6 is a Schematic diagram of a network of multiple generating modules. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0039]    [0039]FIG. 1 shows multiple generating modules  1  installed in the expansion joints between blocks of concrete road surface  2 . They fit across an entire traffic lane width and therefore engage tires on both sides of a vehicle. Distance D from one generating module  1  to the next is approximately 60 feet (18 meters). expansion joints within the roadway.  
         [0040]    As further shown in FIG. 1, while modules  1  may extend across an entire length of road surface  2 , preferably in an alternate embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, these spaced-apart modules  1  can be arranged in one or more longitudinal bands  1   a , (indicated by the darkened cross-hatched portions of modules  1 ) which encompass elongated area portions  2   a  of roadway surface  2  parallel to the direction of vehicular travel, so that at least one longitudinal band  1   a  is positioned in an elongated area portion  2   a  of the surface  2  of the roadway having the greatest likelihood of being contacted by the tires  3   a  of vehicles  3  on the roadway i.e., in the portion of the lanes of traffic where tires  3   a  are most likely to travel.  
         [0041]    The side view in crossection of FIG. 2 shows details of linear magneto generator  22  with shaft  20 , fixed linear bearings  16 , four magnets  17  attached to reciprocating shaft  20 , four fixed generator coils  18  and return spring  21 . Coils  18  are fixed in potting compound  19 . Although four coils  18  and four magnets  17  are illustrated, in some applications where the depth of the installation below grade is to be limited, two of each of these elements can be used. In other installations, as many as ten pairs or more of magnets  17  and coils  18  can be used. For the purpose of the remaining description four pairs will be assumed. Steel plunger head  9  engages with roller  13  on leg  12  which transmits vertical motion from cam  11  as it rotates downward on hinge  10 . Rubber gasket  14  is used to reduce noise on rebound as well as sealing of the interior space. Additional sealing is provided by teflon seal  15 . The structural installation is based on top steel plates  6  being screwed into concrete roadway  2  by fasteners  8 . Expansion joint compound  7  seals plates  6  to concrete roadway  2 .  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 3 is a top view of a generating module showing the relative placement of the various elements from FIG. 2; two linear magneto generator elements  22  are shown. This number can vary in other embodiments. Width W is of the order of 2 inches (5 cm), and the length L is approximately 10 feet (3 meters).  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 4 shows a detail of the movement of cam  11  which has a circular arc top surface and a segment profile. In its resting position (shown in solid lines) it protrudes a distance A above the road surface. When a tire contacts cam  11 , it rotates downward on hinge  10  and moves through a vertical distance B which is a much greater than A (dashed lines). B is the stroke applied to generator shaft  20 .  
         [0044]    Since generator elements  22  within a single generating module  1  are mechanically synchronized by common cam  11 , their electrical output is also synchronized as to voltage generated and polarity. Polarity generated by each coil  18  reverses when direction of shaft  20  reverses.  
         [0045]    By connecting all coils  18  in generating module  1  in series (as in FIG. 5), a high voltage pulse is generated in the downward stroke and another pulse of the opposite polarity is generated on the upward stroke. By routing these pulses through bridge rectifier  28  with diodes  27 , the output pulses of a single generating module  1  circuit  29  will always be of the same polarity. The bridge rectifier also prevents reverse current flow from any source connected to its output.  
         [0046]    Hence, the network shown in FIG. 6 can be used to convey the outputs of “n” generating module circuits  29  in a parallel fashion to a common DC electrical storage element  35 . This can be done even though the pulses of the different modules  29  are not synchronized with each other. Storage element  35  can be a variety of storage batteries such as lead acid or nickel metal hydride, or it can also be a multi-farad storage capacitor. When the state of charge is determined to be sufficient by detectors within synchronous inverter  36 , it is started and its output is matched to AC line voltage sampled at its input. AC output is then fed through a utility specified safety interface  37  to the AC distribution network.  
         [0047]    The use of multiple coils and magnets in the linear magneto elements creates the opportunity for high voltage pulses which are degraded minimally by diodes  27 . Furthermore, long transmission distances of the modest currents necessary to convey significant power at high voltage is facilitated with low loss as compared to the situation of moving large currents at lower voltage.  
         [0048]    In the foregoing description, certain terms and visual depictions are used to illustrate the preferred embodiment. However, no unnecessary limitations are to be construed by the terms used or illustrations depicted, beyond what is shown in the prior art, since the terms and illustrations are exemplary only, and are not meant to limit the scope of the present invention.  
         [0049]    It is further known that other modifications may be made to the present invention, without departing the scope of the invention, as noted in the appended claims.