Abstract:
A synergistic aqueous lubricant composition which comprises one or more carboxylated surfactants and one or more non-carboxylated surfactants in combination with a soap lubricant.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application a continuation application of copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 015,978, filed Feb. 18, 1987, now abandoned, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to caboxylated surfactant-containing, soap lubricants and to the production and use thereof. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Aqueous soap-based formulations are used as lubricants in numerous applications, in particular for providing slip and detergency on slat-, chain- or belt-type conveyors, for example, used for transporting items, such as bottles or cans, during a packaging operation. Generally, lubricating solutions are applied to such conveyors using pipe networks and suitable spray jets or nozzles. When used in hard water, soap-based lubricants generally require the addition of sequestering agents, such as EDTA, to reduce reaction between the soaps and the water hardness ions, e.g., CA 2+ . If adequate steps are not taken, insoluble lime soaps may be formed and blockages of the lubricant distribution system may result. Lime soap dispersing agents are also commonly used so that, if the sequestrant is insufficient or exhausted, lime soap resulting will be dispersed rather than causing immediate blockages. Generally, lime soap-dispersing surfactants, which may be nonionic, anionic or amphoteric, are included in soap-based formulations. 
     It has now unexpectedly been found that the above problem in the use of soap-based lubricants may be obviated and lime soap dispersion may be significantly improved by the use of a certain type of anionic surfactant in addition to those surfactants normally used in soap-based lubricants. A surprising synergism has also been noted. 
     The present invention relates to a synergistic aqueous soap-based lubricant composition which comprises one or more carboxylated surfactants and one or more non-carboxylated surfactants in combination with a soap. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to an aspect of the invention, an aqueous soap-based lubricant concentrate comprises: 
     (i) a soap lubricant; 
     (ii) a carboxylated surfactant selected from the group consisting of and corresponding to the formula: 
     
         (a) R--(OC.sub.m H.sub.2m).sub.n OR&#39;COOX 
    
      wherein: 
     R represents a fatty group; 
     R&#39; represents an alkylene group; 
     X represents a cationic moiety; 
     m represents an integer of from 2 to 4; and 
     n represents an integer of from 1 to 20. ##STR1##  wherein R&#39;; X&#39;; m and n are as defined hereinabove; and 
     R&#34; represents a C 6  -C 20  alkyl group, and 
     (iii) a non-carboxylated surfactant; and 
     (iv) an aqueous diluent. 
     According to another aspect of the invention, an in use solution comprises the above concentrate diluted with water in a weight ratio from 3:10 to 1:1000. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lime soap deposition apparatus. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Generally, the carboxylated surfactant component is used in an amount of up to 20% by weight of the formulation; preferably from 0.2 to 5%. Typically, the non-carboxylated surfactant component is also present in an amount of up to 20% by weight of the formulation, preferably from 2 to 15%. 
     The preferred carboxylated surfactants correspond to the following general formula: 
     
         R--(OC.sub.m H.sub.2m).sub.n OR&#39;COOX                       (I) 
    
     wherein: 
     R represents a fatty group, typically C 10  -C 18  ; preferably oleyl; 
     R&#39; represents an alkylene group, typically --CH 2  -- to --C 3  H 6 , preferably --CH 2  --; 
     X represents a cationic moiety, typically Na + , K + , NH 4   + , H 3  N +  --CH 2  CH 2  OH, H 2  N +  (CH 2  CH 2  OH) 2  or HN +  (CH 2  CH 2  OH) 3 , preferably Na +  ; 
     m represents an integer of from 2 to 4; and 
     n represents an integer of from 1 to 20, and preferably 4. 
     Other preferred carboxylated surfactants include alkyl phenol alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated, carboxylates, which may correspond to the following general formula: ##STR2## wherein 
     R&#39;; X; m and an are as defined above; and 
     R&#34; represents A C 6  -C 20  alkyl group, typically C 9  H 19 , which is preferably in the para-position. 
     There may be present up to 30% by weight of the formulation, of one or more soaps. In accordance with the present invention, one or more other conventional components may also be used in conventional amounts. More particularly, up to 15% by weight of the formulation of one or more sequestrants and/or one or more solvents and/or one or more hydrotropes and/or one or more bacteriostats, and the balance is the aqueous diluent. Generally, the aqueous diluent is present in an amount ranging from between about 15% to about 97.8% by weight. 
     The compositions according to the present invention may be produced by mixing the components and an embodiment of the invention is so-directed. 
     Generally, the present compositions are diluted with water before use. This may be done in the conventional manner by premixing lubricant and water before dispensing or by directly injecting undiluted lubricant into a flowing stream and allowing the lubricant to mix slowly as it flows through the distribution pipework. An in-use solution in accordance with the present invention may typically be obtained by dilution in a weight ratio of from 3:10 to 1:1000, preferably from 1:10 to 1:500. The present invention further relates to such production. 
     The compositions or more usually the solutions in accordance with the present invention may be used for lubricating and/or cleaning in numerous applications. Generally, they are used in the conventional manner. They are particularly suitable for lubricating and/or cleaning slat-, chain- or belt-type conveyors and are advantageously used in food/beverage and pharmaceutical fields. Such processes are encompassed by the present invention. 
     The present invention may be illustrated by means of lime soap deposition tests using the test rig illustrated in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawing. The pump 10 delivers a constant flow of 600 ml/min of water from tank 11 at a pressure of 15 psi (approx. 1.05 kg/sq cm) indicated by pressure gauge 13 into six water lines 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 22. Formulated product is withdrawn from respective reservoirs 24, 26, 28, 30, 32 and 34 by pumps 25, 27, 29, 31 and 33, and dosed into each respective line through &#34;T&#34; junctions 36, 38, 40, 42, 44 and 46; 10 ml at a time, at 2 minute intervals. Each line terminates 25 meters after the injection point at a respective column 48, 50, 52, 54, 56 and 58 containing 15 grams of stainless steel mesh 60 which acts as a lime soap absorbent. 
     After a given weight of product has been injected into the system, the stainless steel mesh is removed from the column and treated with a measured mixture of EDTA and sodium hydroxide to dissolve and absorb lime soap. Re-dissolved lime soap is measured as Ca2 +  ion by atomic adsorption spectroscopy. 
     Formulated products which have been used to test surfactants for lime soap dispersion/adhesion prevention properties by the above method are prepared to the following soap-based formulation: 
     
         ______________________________________        % weight/weight______________________________________Soft water     47.285% Isopropanol          20.0Monoethanolamine          2.8Surfactant actives          10.0Tall oil fatty acid          20.0______________________________________ 
    
     The above constituents are added in descending order with a thorough mixing. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________Lime Soap Deposited when 400 Grams of Soap-BaseFormulation Containing the SurfactantsIs Tested Using the Described MethodSurfactants            Ca.sup.2+  Recovery______________________________________[Nonyl phenol ethoxylate/9 moles                  312 ppmE.O. (ethylene oxide)] (10% w/w)[C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 linear alcohol ethoxylate/                  364 ppm11 moles EO] (10% w/w)[C.sub.15 branched-chain alcohol ethoxylate                  307 ppmcarboxylate NA.sup.+ salt] (10% w/w)[Oleyl alcohol ethoxylate/4 moles EO                  312 ppmcarboxylate Na.sup.+ salt] (10% w/w)[Nonyl phenol ethoxylate/5 moles EO                  334 ppmcarboxylate Na.sup.+ salt] (10% w/w)[Lauryl alcohol ethoxylate carboxylate                  328 ppmmonoethanolamine salt] (10% w/w)______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________Lime Soap Deposition from 400 Grams ofSoap-Base Formulation Containing the Combinationsof Surfactants when Measured withthe Described Test Method______________________________________                   CA.sup.2+Surfactant Combinations   Recovery______________________________________[Nonyl phenol ethoxylate/9 moles                     140 ppmEO] (5% w/w) + [oleyl alcohol ethoxylate/4moles EO carboxylate Na.sup.+  salt] (5% w/w)[Nonyl phenol ethoxylate/9 moles                     131 ppmEO](5% w/w) + [lauryl ethoxylatecarboxylate monoethanolamine salt] (5% w/w)[Nonyl phenol ethoxylate/9 moles                     155 ppmEO] (5% w/w) + [nonyl ethoxylate carboxylate/5moles EO carboxylate NA.sup.+  salt] (5% w/w)[Nonyl phenol ethoxylate/9 moles                     155 ppmEO] (5% w/w) + [nonyl ethoxylate carboxylate/7moles EO carboxylate NA.sup.+  salt] (5% w/w)[Nonyl phenol ethoxylate/9 moles                     148 ppmEO] (5% w/w) + [oleyl alcohol ethoxylate/6moles EO carboxylate NA.sup.+  salt] (5% w/w)C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 linear alcohol ethoxylates/11                     159 ppmmoles EO] (5% w/w), [oleyl alcoholethoxylate/4 moles EO carboxylate Na.sup.+  salt(5% w/w)______________________________________Typical Formulated Lubricants                 % weight/weight______________________________________Softened Water        17.3530% aqueous xylene sulphonic acid                 13.00Na.sup.+  salt30% aqueous EDTA tetrasodium salt                 20.00Nonyl phenol ethoxylate/9 moles EO                 5.00Isopropanol 85%       10.00Linear alkylbenzene sulphonic acid                 4.25Oleyl alcohol ethoxylate/4 moles                 5.00EO carboxylate Na.sup.+  salt (25% aqueous)Monoethanolamine      5.40Tall oil fatty acid   20.00Softened water        19.430% aqueous xylene sulphonic acid                 13.0Na.sup.+  salt30% aqueous EDTA tetrasodium salt                 20.0Nonyl phenol ethoxylate/9 moles EO                 5.0C.sub.16 -olefin sulphonate/9 moles EO                 5.0(40% aqueous)Oleyl alcohol ethoxylate/4 moles                 5.0EO carboxylate Na.sup.+  salt (25% aqueous)Isopropanol 85%       10.0Monoethanolamine      2.6Tall oil fatty acid   20.0______________________________________ 
    
     The above ingredients are generally added in descending order with thorough mixing. 
     Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.