Abstract:
An improved process of stacking parts comprising thermoplastic plastic in an intermediate-storage cage, and the further transport of the stacks to subsequent devices. A pivotable stacking cage effects the transfer of the stacks onto a transverse conveyor belt, or directly to finishing devices, with the parts selectively standing up or lying down, so the apparatus is suited for both flat and tall parts. The method can be used with high cycle numbers, and allows for the mounting of devices that reliably prevent the parts from drifting apart in the intermediate-storage cage, which is particularly advantageous for flat parts.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.  09 / 983 , 222 , filed Oct. 23, 2001.  
         [0002]    This application claims the priority of German Patent Application No. 100 52 759.0 filed Oct. 23, 2000, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a method for stacking parts that are comprised of thermoplastic plastic, and that have been molded and punched out of a heated film strip in a molding/punching tool, then transferred into an intermediate-storage cage, either directly from the tool or by a transfer device, then transferred as a stack into a stacking cage that is held on a carrier, and finally conveyed with this cage to a stack-removal station where the stacks of parts are removed. The invention further relates to an apparatus for executing the method.  
           [0004]    The parts, which are molded and punched in a thermoforming machine by a combination molding/punching tool, are transferred into stacking magazines after being ejected from the molding/punching tool. This can be effected directly, as described in DE 33 46 628 C2, in which the mold floor of the tool is displaced, which transfers the parts into the stacking magazines, where they are then retained. It can also be effected indirectly through the interposing of a transfer device in the form of a rotating head (DE 198 52 359 A1) or a catch plate (DE 198 12 414 A1).  
           [0005]    A problem associated with these methods is emptying the stacks that form in the stacking magazines once they reach a specific length or number of items, and transporting the stacks to a finishing device or a packaging device. This is particularly the case with multiple rows of molding/punching tools.  
           [0006]    DE 198 48 628 A1 proposes to transfer the parts that are stacked in a mobile catch plate into a mobile stacking basket once a predetermined number of items has been reached. The basket then transports the stacks to an unloading station, where they are pushed out of the basket by rows onto a transverse conveyor belt. A drawback of this method is the time-consuming process of transferring the stacks into the displaceable stacking basket by displacing the catch plate. Certain strokes must be executed with a limited speed due to the forces of gravity and the forces acting on the parts during the transfer (risk of deformation). This problem must be solved with a precisely-adapted change in speed, which is complicated, and is limited at high cycle numbers, so it limits the cycle number. The cycle number is increasing continuously in modern machines. However, the problem lies in stacking and handling the stacks, and this condition limits the cycle number.  
           [0007]    The known apparatus allows the stacks to be transferred lying down onto a horizontally running transverse conveyor belt. Stacks of relatively flat parts, such as lids and dishes, tend to drift apart in this position, and thus cannot be further handled. These stacks must be transported standing up, for which the apparatus is not suited. A further disadvantage is that the catch plate can move in the stacking direction, and therefore impedes or precludes the mounting of certain devices that reliably prevent the first stacked parts from tipping.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    It is the object of the invention to embody the method such that the stacks can be transferred or supplied, immediately following further processing, onto a transverse conveyor belt in a standing or lying position, or an inclined position that differs from the stack position. The method is intended to permit a high cycle number and, in a modification, it may prevent the parts stacked in the stacking magazines from falling over, which is especially critical for flat parts. To this extent, the method is suitable for flat parts, such as lids, and tall parts, such as cups, and the apparatus can be easily converted. It should be possible to separate out rejected parts during startup or in the event of a fault.  
           [0009]    The above object generally is achieved according to one aspect of the present invention by a method for stacking thermoplastic parts that have been molded and punched out of a heated film strip in a molding/punching tool, which method comprises: transferring the parts into a stationary intermediate-storage cage to form stacks of parts in the cage, either directly from the tool or by a transfer device; then transferring the stacks of parts from the intermediate storage cage into a stacking cage that is pivotally mounted on a moveable carrier; conveying the stacking cage to a stack-removal station; during the conveying or at the stack removal station, pivoting the stacking cage about a horizontal axis into a position that differs from the transfer position during the transfer of the stacks from the intermediate-storage cage to the stacking cage; and then removing the stacks of parts from the stacking cage at the stack removal station.  
           [0010]    In general, the parts are first transferred into a stationary intermediate-storage cage and, from there, transferred into a displaceable, pivoting stacking cage, from which the stacks are transferred standing up or lying down, depending on the control programming, onto a transverse conveyor belt. Devices that are displaced as the stack grows and prevent the front parts from falling over may be disposed in the region of the intermediate-storage cage. In a modification of the invention, it is proposed to use a plurality of stacking cages, and automatically couple them to a displaceable carrier. The carrier sets down a full stacking cage, takes up an empty one and conveys it to the intermediate-storage cage. As new stacks are formed, a full stacking cage is conveyed to the stack-removal station and emptied. If necessary, the stacks located therein can be cooled in an upstream cooling station.  
           [0011]    The above object generally is achieved according to a second aspect of the invention by an apparatus for stacking parts, comprised of thermoplastic plastic, to be disposed downstream of a thermoforming machine, with the apparatus comprising:  
           [0012]    an intermediate-storage cage for receiving the parts formed by the thermoforming machine and for storing the parts in stacks;  
           [0013]    a stacking cage positioned downstream of the storage cage in the stacking direction and mounted on a movable carrier;  
           [0014]    and a device for transferring the stacks from the intermediate-storage cage into the stacking cage;  
           [0015]    and wherein the stacking cage is mounted on the carrier for pivoting movement about a horizontal axis, and is in an operational connection with a drive for producing the pivoting movement.  
           [0016]    The method is described in detail below with reference to schematic drawings of the apparatus. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0017]    [0017]FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal representation of the apparatus according to the invention with an upstream thermoforming machine.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 2 is a plan view of a version of a portion of the apparatus.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 3 shows a variation of the stack transfer, portion of the disclosed method.  
         [0020]    FIGS.  4 - 6  illustrates different modes and operation of an intermediate-storage cage with a stack-removal device that functions as a retaining device.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 7 shows a modification of the invention, with a plurality of exchangeable stacking cages.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 8 shows a variation of the embodiment of the carrier for the stacking cage.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 9 shows a variation of the displacing device of the stacking cage.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0024]    Referring now to FIG. 1, the apparatus for executing the method is disposed downstream of a thermoforming machine  1  that heats a film strip  2 , and then deep-draws and punches out the parts  3  using compressed air in a combination molding/punching station  26 . The table  4  of the station  26  is pivoted with the lower mold part  5  of the molding/punching tool, and the parts  3 , which are arranged in a plurality of row, are ejected from the lower mold part  5 . A rotating head  6  takes up the parts  3  from the mold part  5  and transfers them into a multi-row stationary intermediate-storage cage  7 . Stacks  8  of molded parts  3  form in the cage  7 . Depending on the size of the parts  3  and the mold surface of the upstream thermoforming machine  1 , a plurality of stacks  8  may be formed in the case  7 . Once the stacks  8  have reached a predetermined length or number of parts, a rake  9  which extends transverse to the stacking direction, is inserted into the case  8  and displaced in the stacking direction, so that rows of the stacks  8  are moved into a multi-row stacking cage  10  that is aligned with the intermediate-storage cage  7 . The stacking cage  10  is held in a generally U-shaped carrier  11  (only one arm of the carrier  11  being shown) so as to pivot about a horizontal axis  12 . The carrier  11  is connected with rods  13  that are held in a guide member  14  for vertical displacement by a drive, not shown. The guide member  14 , in turn, is mounted on stationary guides  15  so that it can be horizontally displaced by a drive  29 . A drive  30  disposed on the carrier  11  effects the pivoting of the stacking cage  10  about the horizontal axis  12  via a chain drive  16 .  
         [0025]    In accordance with a first variation of the method, the carrier  11  travels horizontally into the stack-removal station with the stacking cage  10  after the transfer of the stacks  8 . There, the drive  30  pivots the stacking cage  10  into a horizontal position and displaces it vertically until a row of stacks  8  can be transferred onto the transverse conveyor belt  19  by an ejector  18 . After the stacking cage  10  has been lowered by the distance of one row, the ejector  18  pushes the next row of stacks  8  out of the stacking cage  10  onto the transverse conveyor belt  19 . This is repeated row by row until all rows of stacks of  8  have been transferred.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 3 illustrates a variation of the method in which the stacking cage  10  pivots, before the stacks  8  are transferred, to displace the cage from a horizontal position into a vertical position, and the cage sets the stacks  8 , standing up, onto the transverse conveyor belt  19 . The cage  10  then rises again (position shown in FIG. 3) and travels back to its position adjacent cage  7 . In this way, stacks  8  comprising flat parts such as lids or shallow dishes can be transported further. Stacks  8  of such items would fall apart in a horizontal position. If needed, the stacking cage  10  can be pivoted into any desired inclined position, or not pivot at all, should this be of advantage for some reason.  
         [0027]    In a modification of the method, it is proposed to embody the carrier  11  so that it can additionally pivot about a vertical axis  40 , as shown in FIG. 8. For this purpose, The carrier  11  is mounted to rotate via a pin  37  seated in a crossbeam  38 , to which the rods  13  are secured. A drive  39 , e.g., in the form of a pneumatic pivoting cylinder or a servomotor, serves to pivot the entire carrier  11  about the axis  40  of the pin  37 . In this manner, the stacks  8  can be set down or pushed out transversely or in an arbitrary rotational position, should this be advantageous for further processing of the stacks  8 .  
         [0028]    An even more universal embodiment is shown in FIG. 9. In this arrangement the guides  15  are seated on a frame  41  that supports rollers  42 . These rollers rest on transverse carriers  43  that are oriented so that the frame  41  can be displaced transversely to the stacking direction with a drive, not shown. The stacking cage  10  can thus be set down or emptied at arbitrary locations.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 2 illustrates a possible modification of transport for the stacks  8 . The transverse conveyor belt  19  can alternately transfer a row of stacks to the right or left onto one of the conveyor belts  20 . These belts  20  then bring the stacks  8  one behind the other onto a respective longitudinal conveyor belt  21 , from which it is possible to distribute the stacks onto two further longitudinal conveyor belts  22  by a transfer device  27 . In this manner, a large number of parts  3  can be processed in a total of four finishing stations  28 , e.g., bordering machines and packaging machines, as needed.  
         [0030]    A modification of the invention according to FIG. 7 consists of employing a plurality of stacking cages  10  and embodying them to be coupled, preferably automatically, to the carrier  11 . For this purpose, each stacking cage  10  is provided with a pair of bores  37  that are axially aligned along the pivot axis  12 . To engage these bores  37 , the carrier  11  is provided with a pair of axially aligned pins  38  that are axially moveable into and out of the bores  37  under control of a control device  39  mounted on the carrier  11 . The carrier  11  conveys the stacking cage  10  to a release station  31 , where cage  10  is decoupled from the carrier  11 , e.g., by retraction of the pins  38 , and each stacking cage  10  is horizontally guided through a displacing device  32  to an unloading station  34 , in which the stacks  8  are preferably guided out of the cage  10  by rows and supplied to, for example, a finishing station  33 . If the stacking cages  10  are set down vertically, they are provided, in a known manner, with a device that releases the retaining device for the stacks  8  by rows, so that they fall down out of the stacking cage  10 . A schematically shown displacing device  35  pushes the stacks  8  forward by the distance of one row at a time, so the next row can be emptied.  
         [0031]    It is possible to dispose a cooling station  36  between the release station  31  and the unloading station  34  for suitably cooling the stacks  8 , for example, by blowing in cool air, which can be sterile. After the emptied stacking cage  10  has been disposed horizontally (position shown in dot-dash lines in FIG. 7), the carrier  11  receives and is coupled to the cage  10  and conveys it back to a position adjacent the intermediate-storage cage  7 . For this purpose either the guide  15  must be sufficiently raised above the cage  10  in the stations,  31 ,  35   36  so that a cage  10  coupled to the carrier  11  can move above same between stations  31  and  35 , or guide  15  is replaced with a continuous or endless transfer path (horizontal path) for moving the carrier  11  between various stations.  
         [0032]    Instead of being set down vertically, as shown in FIG. 7, the stacking cages  10  can be pivoted horizontally in the same way, then set down in a lying-down position and displaced. An ejector comparable to the ejector  18  in FIG. 2 then transports the stacks  8  out of the cage by rows.  
         [0033]    If low-quality parts  3  are produced when the thermoforming machine  1  is started up (startup rejection), these parts  3  can preferably be ejected or set onto a separate transverse conveyor belt  23  located to the side of the transverse conveyor belt  27 , after the stacking cage  10  has been pivoted into the vertical position. The parts are then transported out of the apparatus and inspected. If acceptable parts are being produced, the apparatus is switched to automatic operation. This prevents low-quality parts from entering later production phases and needing to be sorted out in a time-consuming manner. It is also possible to transfer or set the stacks onto the transverse conveyor belt  19  and transport them out of the apparatus.  
         [0034]    The described method executed with an apparatus having a stationary intermediate-storage cage  7  and one or more displaceable, pivotable stacking cages  10  permits the front parts  3  of the stacks  8  to be retained as follows:  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 4 illustrates, by way of example, a triple-row molding/punching tool with the arrangement of a rake  9 , which can be displaced perpendicular to the stacking direction by a drive  24  and is pushed in between two cycles of the thermoforming machine  1 . It can also be displaced in the stacking direction on guides  25 , and transfers the stacks  8  from the intermediate-storage cage  7  into the stacking cage  10  (position shown in dot-dash lines in FIG. 4).  
         [0036]    One procedure involves transferring all stacks  8  into the stacking cage  10  after the rake  9  has been pushed in, then retracting the rake  9  into the intermediate-storage cage  7 , into a position (FIG. 5) in which the bottom of the first part  3  is held against the rake. Each time another part  3  is stacked in the intermediate-storage cage  7 , the rake  9  travels further along a programmed path corresponding to the stack spacing between two parts  3 , so the front part  3  is always held. Shortly before the stacks  8  have reached their necessary number, the rake  9  leaves the intermediate-storage cage  7  to the left, and returns to the position shown in a dot-dash line on the left in FIG. 4, so all of the stacks  8  can now be guided out of the intermediate-storage cage  7 . Afterward, the rake  9  returns to its initial position. This course of movement is indicated by arrows in FIG. 5.  
         [0037]    Another possible procedure is for the rake  9  to execute a stroke only in the stacking direction, starting from the initial position shown in a dot-dash line on the left in FIG. 4, thereby displacing the stacks  8  so far that the next parts  3  can be stacked and supported against the rake  9 . This position is shown in FIG. 6. Again, the rake  9  is displaced in the stacking direction by the stack spacing with each cycle. After a few cycles, when the newly-stacked parts  3  have centered one another, the rake  9  executes its clearing stroke, thereby transferring all stacks  8  into the stacking cage  10 , then returns to its initial position. This course of movement is indicated by arrows in FIG. 6.  
         [0038]    For the rake  9  to be able to follow this course of movement in the stacking direction, a servomotor-driven linear drive is preferably used as the drive  29 ; in this instance, the starting time and travel paths are calculated and preset by the control unit as a function of the number of parts  3  per stack  8  and the stack spacing of the parts  3 .  
         [0039]    The invention now being fully described, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth herein.