Abstract:
A load-absorbing device introduces load forces such as cable forces or tensioning forces of sheet-shaped structures into supporting structures ( 10 ). At least one load-absorbing part ( 36, 40 ) can be anchored on the supporting structure ( 10 ) via a bearing element ( 24 ). The load-absorbing part ( 36, 40 ) has a transmission body ( 36 ) forming a convexly shaped transmission surface guided on the bearing element ( 24 ) on a carrier surface formed from surface parts adapted to the convexity of the transmission surface.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a load-absorbing device for introducing load forces, such as cable forces or tensioning forces of sheet-like structures, into supporting structures. The device comprises at least one load-absorbing member, which can be anchored on the supporting structure by a bearing element. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Modern architecture has increasingly incorporated concepts of load-bearing structures, where planar elements, such as tent-shaped or umbrella-shaped coverings form, as a textile building material, part of a load-bearing structure. The coverings are anchored or erected on support systems, for example, steel supports. For the respective elements to form space-creating structures of a desired architectural design, the respective suitable introduction of load forces, in particular, the tensioning or bearing cable forces, is a crucial factor. Hence, it must be ensured that the line of action of the cable force that is to be introduced and that acts on the respective support system is independent of the respective orientation (inclination) of the support that is a part of the load-bearing structure to avoid distortions of the desired architectural design. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the invention is to provide an improved load-absorbing device that satisfies, in particular, the associated requirements. 
     The invention basically achieves this object with a load-absorbing device where the load is transferred between the load-absorbing member and the bearing element by a transmission body. The transmission body forms, on its outer surface, a convexly curved transmission surface guided on the bearing element on a support surface of concave surface parts. The concave surface parts are matched to the convexity of the transmission surface, resulting in a load-absorbing joint that allows a ball joint-like mobility of the load-absorbing member relative to the supporting structure. This ball joint-like mobility allows the respective load-absorbing member to be adjusted, independently of the respective arrangement of the supporting elements of the support system. Depending on the configuration of a respective load-bearing structure, it involves steel supports of varying orientation or inclination or wall areas, as a function of the line of action of the engaging cable forces, so that an optimal anchoring or erecting of the respective tent-shaped or umbrella-shaped element is ensured. In this case, the load-absorbing joint could also be secured. The supporting structure could be moved relative to the joint. 
     The bearing element exhibits preferably bearing flanges, which extend away from the plane of at least one connecting area provided for mounting on the supporting structure. The flanges leave between them an aperture with an interior wall that forms the surface parts of the support surface, where the force is introduced from the transmission body of the load-absorbing member. 
     A hinge joint with bearing flanges, which form between them a joint-like bearing of the transmission body of the load-absorbing member, can be constructed preferably such that the bearing flanges project at a right angle from the plane of the respective connecting area. If the connecting area forms a base plate of the hinge joint, then this base plate can be mounted, for example, on the apex of a support column. The bearing flanges extend along the direction of the longitudinal axis of the column. Tensioning forces with lines of action in an angular range can be introduced transversely to the longitudinal axis of the column. 
     The arrangement is configured preferably such that the bearing flanges are formed by beam-shaped lateral bodies. 
     These lateral bodies can form on their ends, which are situated at a distance from the base plate, a ridge surface that connects the ends or leaves on these ends a gap between them. Exemplary embodiments with lateral bodies, which are connected at the ends, allow high forces to be introduced with a high degree of certainty, while simultaneously satisfying the requirement of a small design space. 
     In especially advantageous embodiments, the lateral bodies define legs that diverge from the center of the base plate in the direction of a tension rod that extends from the aperture and that together with the transmission body forms the load-absorbing member. The bearing flanges can be formed by side walls of a solid body containing the aperture in the central region. 
     An especially high structural stability and good articulation properties, due to the support surface configured to have a relatively large area, are apparent in one exemplary embodiment, where the ridge surface connecting the lateral bodies forms a protruding nose body that projects in the direction of the tension rod extending from the aperture. 
     If a solid body forming the bearing flanges is constructed in a box-shaped manner, this solid body can then form two planar connecting areas situated diametrically opposite with respect to the aperture. Moreover, at these connecting areas, the solid body can be connected to the console plates of the supporting structure. These console plates are arranged in parallel and set apart from each other. Instead of a box-shaped solid body, a body in the shape of an ellipsoid can form the bearing flanges. 
     The surface parts, which are situated between the bearing flanges in the aperture and which form the support surface, can be curved such that the transmission body of the load-absorbing member can be brought into contact with the surface parts, forming the support surface, from the one side or the other side of the bearing flanges. 
     Especially good articulation properties of a respective hinge joint are guaranteed if the transmission surface on the transmission body exhibits at least parts of a spherical surface. The surface parts, forming the support surface, correspond to parts of a spherical cap. 
     In especially advantageous embodiments, the transmission body is mounted on the end of a tension rod, which serves as a tensioning member. 
     In this case, the arrangement can be configured such that the transmission body is constructed as a solid sphere and forms with the tension rod a coherent unit having positive fit. 
     To this end, the tension rod can be provided with an external thread and can be screwed into a threaded blind hole of the solid sphere. 
     An external thread that is located on the tension rod offers the additional advantageous possibility of mounting a connecting element. By the connecting element, the cable forces or the tensioning forces are transferred, on the tension rod by the threaded connection so that a tensioning or retensioning at the connecting element is possible in a turnbuckle-like manner. 
     As an alternative, the spherical body, which serves as the transmission body, may have a passage drill hole, through which the cap screw, forming the tension rod is inserted. The screw head of this cap screw is supported on the edge of the passage drill hole to transfer the tensioning force. 
     In this case, the transmission body may have a planar flattening as the engagement surface for the screw head. This flattening is formed on the edge, assigned to the screw head, of the passage drill hole. 
     If the vertical wall areas are provided as the supporting structure for the respective hinge joints, advantageously the bearing element forming the support surface of the hinge joint has a round cup body. At its cup aperture, the cup body passes into a ring body made as one piece with the cup body and forms a connecting area provided for mounting on the wall areas forming the supporting structure. The cup body projects perpendicularly from the plane of the connecting area. The cup floor has an aperture for the emergence of the tension rod. The interior wall of the cup body adjacent to the aperture forms the support surface matched to the transmission surface of the sphere accommodated in the cup body. 
     Other objects, advantages and salient features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses preferred embodiments of the present invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Referring to the drawings which form a part of this disclosure: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a roof covering composed of a sail mounted between four columns and referred to as a roof membrane according to the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a hinge holder or joint mounted on the apex or head surface of a column of  FIG. 1  and securing the sail on the column according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the disassembled hinge holder of  FIG. 2  with its assigned insert screw or rotary screw as well as with an end disk of the column; 
         FIG. 4  is a side elevational view of the assembled hinge holder of  FIG. 3  with an inserted insert screw; 
         FIG. 5  is a front elevational view of the hinge holder of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a rear elevational view of the hinge holder of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a top plan view of the hinge holder of  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a top plan view of a base plate of the hinge holder of  FIGS. 3 and 6 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a front elevational view in section of the hinge holder of  FIG. 7  taken along line IX-IX; 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of the hinge holder of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 11  is a side elevational view of the hinge holder of  FIG. 10 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a side elevational view in section of the hinge holder of  FIG. 10  taken along line XII-XII of  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 13  is an exploded perspective view of a hinge holder according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention with its assigned insert or rotary screw as well as with an end region of the column; 
         FIG. 14  is a top view of the assembled hinge holder of  FIG. 13 ; 
         FIG. 15  is a side elevational view in section of the hinge holder of  FIG. 14  taken along line XV-XV; 
         FIGS. 16 to 18  are front, rear and perspective views of the hinge holder of  FIGS. 13 to 15 , respectively; 
         FIG. 19  is a perspective view of the hinge holder of  FIG. 13  on the end of a horizontally extending column; 
         FIG. 20  is a perspective view of a hinge holder according to a third exemplary embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 21  is a front view of the hinge holder of  FIG. 20 ; 
         FIG. 22  is a side elevational view in section of the hinge holder of  FIG. 20  along line XXII-XXII of  FIG. 21 ; 
         FIG. 23  is a top plan view of the hinge holder of  FIG. 20 ; 
         FIG. 24  is a front elevational view in section of the hinge holder of  FIG. 20  taken along line XXIV-XXIV of  FIG. 23 ; 
         FIG. 25  is a perspective view of a front plate of the hinge holder of  FIG. 20 ; 
         FIG. 26  is a front elevational view of the front plate of  FIG. 25 ; 
         FIG. 27  is a top plan view of the front plate of  FIG. 25 ; 
         FIG. 28  is a perspective view of a hinge holder according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 29  is a top plan view of the hinge holder of  FIG. 28 ; 
         FIG. 30  is a perspective view of a hinge holder according to a fifth exemplary embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 31  is a front elevational view of the hinge holder of  FIG. 30 ; 
         FIG. 32  is a top plan view of the hinge holder of  FIG. 30 ; 
         FIG. 33  is a side elevational view in section of the hinge holder of  FIG. 30  taken along line XXXIII-XXXIII of  FIG. 31 ; 
         FIG. 34  is a perspective view of a front plate of the hinge holder according to  FIG. 30 ; 
         FIG. 35  is a front view of the front plate of  FIG. 34 ; 
         FIG. 36  is a top plan view of the front plate of  FIG. 34 ; 
         FIG. 37  is a perspective view of a holding plate of two connecting plates and connected with the insert screw of the hinge holder of  FIG. 2  by a base hinge; 
         FIG. 38  is a perspective view of one of the connecting plates of  FIG. 37 ; 
         FIG. 39  is a perspective view of a connecting plate according to an alternative embodiment; 
         FIG. 40  is a perspective view of a part of the base hinge of  FIG. 37 ; 
         FIG. 41  is a front elevational view of the part of  FIG. 40 ; 
         FIG. 42  is an enlarged front elevational view of the part of  FIG. 40  according to region XLII of  FIG. 41 ; 
         FIG. 43  is a top plan view of a part of the holding plate of  FIG. 37 ; 
         FIG. 44  is a front elevational view of the part of  FIG. 43 ; 
         FIGS. 45 to 47  are perspective views of the hinge holder of  FIG. 2  in different positions; 
         FIG. 48  is a perspective view of a holding plate connected with the insert screw of the hinge holder by a base according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 49  is a perspective view of a part of the base hinge of  FIG. 48 ; 
         FIG. 50  is a front elevational view of the part of  FIG. 49 ; 
         FIG. 51  is an enlarged front elevational view of the part of  FIG. 49  in region LI of  FIG. 50 ; 
         FIG. 52  is a front elevational view of a part of the holding plate of  FIG. 48 ; 
         FIGS. 53 and 54  are top plan views of the part of  FIG. 53 ; 
         FIG. 55  is a perspective view of a connecting member with an attached additional strip of two adjacent angle sections of the hinge holder of  FIG. 2  according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 56  is a disassembled perspective view of the arrangement according of  FIG. 55 ; 
         FIG. 57  is an enlarged side elevational view of an angle section of  FIGS. 55 and 56 ; 
         FIG. 58  is a side elevational view of the angle section in  FIG. 57  with an attached top; 
         FIGS. 59 and 60  are side elevation views in an enlarged section of the angle section of  FIG. 58  in regions LIX and LX, respectively, of  FIG. 58 ; 
         FIG. 61  is a perspective view of two strips assigned to each other according to an alternative embodiment for a hinge holder according to the invention; 
         FIG. 62  is a front elevational view of an installation drawing of the strips of  FIG. 61 ; 
         FIGS. 63 and 64  are disassembled perspective views of two additional arrangements of strips according to alternative embodiments for use with the hinge holder of the invention; 
         FIG. 65  is a perspective view of just the bearing element, which is molded as one piece on a ring body, forming the connecting area for mounting on the supporting structure, according to an additional embodiment of the invention; 
         FIGS. 66 ,  67 , and  68  are a rear elevational view, a side elevational view and top plan view of the bearing element shown in  FIG. 65 ; 
         FIG. 69  is a perspective view of an additional embodiment of a hinge joint according to the invention; 
         FIG. 70  is a perspective view of the hinge joint of  FIG. 69 , shown without the associated load-absorbing member; and 
         FIG. 71  is a side elevational view of hinge joint as shown in  FIG. 70 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     A plane load-bearing structure has, according to  FIG. 1 , four somewhat outwardly inclined columns  10 . Columns  10  are set apart from each other and reach upward in pairs from a floor area B and stretch between their free ends  11  a sail S. Sail S has an approximately rectangular contour and is made of a textile material, as a membrane-like roof surface. On the other hand, those free ends  11  are tensioned by cables  14  against the floor area B and anchors (not illustrated herein) that are secured on the floor area. The four corner regions of this membrane S or a correspondingly constructed net are connected in each case by short cable strands  16  to hinge joints  20  projecting from the head surface  12   k  of the column  10 . The head surface  12   k  forms the upper edge of the supporting structure and is formed by an end disk  12  inserted into the column  10 . 
     According to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , a base plate  22  having a diameter d of, for example, 117 mm and a height h of, for example, 20 mm, of the hinge joint  20  has a bearing element  24 . Bearing element  24  has an angular configuration in  FIGS. 7 and 14  and a height h 1  of 100 mm and a thickness e of approximately 37 mm, with two molded-on leg sections  25 ,  25   a . The sections  25 ,  25   a  form a two-armed configuration having an angle w of approximately 120°, as shown in the top view of  FIG. 7 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 3 ,  5 , and  6 , two side surfaces  27  of a width e extend from a ridge surface  26  of the bearing element  24 . The upper top region of the side surfaces is slightly curved in the direction of the ridge surface  26 . The width of the connecting region  25   q  of the two curved sections  25 ,  25   a  in the ridge surface  26  is designated as e 1  in  FIGS. 7 and 12 . 
     The ridge surface  26  and each of the side surfaces  27  define outwardly a wall region of the hinge joint  20  or more specifically the bearing element  24  that exhibits a curved longitudinal cross section. A relatively large aperture  30  is milled into the center of this bearing element as well as axially in relation to the central axis M of the hinge joint  20 . The edge  32  of this aperture extends at an axial distance a of about 10 mm in relation to the planar ridge surface  26 . The distance h 2  between the center Z of the aperture and the base plate  22  measures approximately 50 mm. Moreover, due to the milling and the angular configuration of the bearing element  24 , that edge  32  is slightly curved in the cross section and defines a surface region  31  of the hinge joint  20 . This surface region  31  is matched to a part of the surface of a bearing ball  36  (described below) that is capable of resting flush with the surface region  31  in the tensioning direction x ( FIGS. 2 ,  11 ,  14 ,  55 ). The forces are transferred to the bearing element  24  by the engagement surface. 
     Between the pair of curved sections  25 / 25   a , there is a triangular surface section of the head surface  23  of the base plate  22 , which surface section is triangular in shape in the top view. Its central region shows a screw hole  29  for a connecting screw  21 .  FIG. 8  shows the position of two additional screw holes  29  in the base plate  22 . One of the screw holes lies in the transverse axis Q of the base plate. The two others lie on both sides of the transverse axis at distances a 1  from it of approximately 28 mm. Each screw hole  29 , having a diameter i of 17 mm herein, passes over in the direction of the upper surface  23  of the base plate  22  into a funnel-shaped expansion  29 , having an upper surface diameter i 1  of 29 mm. 
     The dimensions of all of the parts of the hinge joint  20  are adjusted to the respective cable forces that may arise. The securement elements that are designed to meet static requirements can be matched to a plurality of cables  14 . Below are listed the dimensions for forces that may occur, for example, at a pointwise attachment having a tensioning force of approximately 100 kN. 
       FIG. 10  depicts the rotary screw  40  in the horizontal position as well as two of the three connecting screws  21 , which approximately flank the curved section  25   a . 
     The connecting screws  21 , shown at the upper end in  FIG. 3 , in the attachment position, extend into the screw holes  29   e  of the end disk  12  of the column  10 . 
     In the working position, the bearing ball  36  having a diameter d 1  of approximately 74.5 mm sits in the aperture  30  of the bearing element  24 . In the example according to  FIGS. 11 and 12 , this bearing ball  36  is provided with a surface  35  and a radial passage  37 . The surface  35  serves as the stop face for the head  38  of a rotary screw  40  having a diameter f of 26 mm. A washer  39  is assigned to the head  38 . According to  FIG. 12 , the longitudinal axis A of the rotary screw  40  of the bearing ball  36  is to be rotated with the bearing ball at an angle w 1  of approximately 80° (swivel level A 1  of the longitudinal axis A of the screw). Likewise, the bearing ball  36  can be swiveled horizontally. The possibilities of the directions of the bearing ball  36  in the bearing element  24  describe a conical shape. 
       FIG. 3  shows an inventive hinge joint  20  with the connecting member  50 , which is also shown in  FIG. 2 , as individual parts for the sake of a better overview. The rotary screw  40  passes through the plate-like connecting member  50 , which is fixed in position by a nut  41 , supported on a washer  39 , and which is described in detail below. 
     The hinge joint holder  20  of  FIGS. 13 to 19  accommodates a bearing ball  36   a  in its aperture  30   a . The rotary screw  40  in this bearing ball extends into a blind hole  34  with an internal thread, that is, does not totally pass through this bearing ball  36   a . 
       FIG. 19  offers a horizontal column  10   a  as a variation. Arranged in parallel to the longitudinal axis E of this column, a protruding support tongue  42  with its position stabilizing support consoles  43  is molded to the column  10 . The base plate  22  of the hinge joint  20  sits on this support tongue  42 . The rotary screw  40  and the connecting member  51  extend parallel to the longitudinal axis E, that is, also horizontally. Each of the side edges of the connecting member  51  has a threaded fitting  70 , which is described in detail with respect to  FIG. 39 . 
       FIG. 20  shows a cassette-like or sleeve-like body  80 , which can be secured, for example, on a wall area F with retaining screws  18 . The screw holes  19  retain screws  18 . This body  80  has two plates  82  which protrude in parallel from a rear wall  81  having a height h 4  of 100 mm. The plates  82  have a width b 3  of 140 mm and an overhang length n 1  of 120 mm and a thickness e 4  of 20 mm. The height h 5  of the interior space  79  of this body  80  also measures 100 mm. Between the free ends of those plates  82 , a front plate  84  of a height h 5  contains the aperture  30  with the matching surface region  31 . The aperture  30  of the front plate  84  can accommodate the bearing ball  36  without the rotary screw.  FIGS. 25 to 27  show the shape of this front plate  84  with the inwardly shaped side wall surfaces  85  as well as a horizontal cross section that tapers in the direction of the central axis G of the front plate  84 . The ridge surface  86  is constructed accordingly ( FIG. 27 ). 
     This front plate  84  can also be inserted into a body  80   a  that has asymmetrical overhang plates  83  (see  FIGS. 28 and 29 ). In the top view, each of the overhang plates is provided with an overhang tongue  88  on a side surface. The distance n 2  between the overhang tongue and the rear area of the rear wall  81  is greater than the length of the other longitudinal side  87 . In this case, the transversal distance b 4  between the longitudinal side  87  and the overhang tongue  88  is 92 mm. 
       FIG. 30  shows a totally different design concept of the wall joint  90 . Two console plates  93  having an overhang length k of 48 mm project frontward at a distance h 7  of 70 mm from a rear plate  92  having a height h 6  of 150 mm, a width b 5  of 66 mm, and a thickness e 4  of 10 mm. The rear plate  92  is secured with retaining screws  18  on a wall (not illustrated). 
     Each of the console plates  93  that resemble tongues in the top view has a hole  94  for a connecting screw  21   a  in the central axis T of the console plates. The screw  93  secures an annular retaining body  96  of the wall joint  90  between the console plates  93 . The retaining body  96  holds a bearing ball  36   a  in a central aperture  30 . 
     The aperture  30  is centered in relation to the retaining body  96 , having a height h 5  of 70 mm, a thickness e 6  of 31 mm, and a width b 3  of 54 mm. The aperture has a center Z. 
     The connecting member  50  referred to with respect to  FIGS. 2 and 3  and having a width n of 120 mm projects in a wing-like manner from the rotary screw  40  with a head  38  against which the connecting member  50  rests. The rotary screw  40  passes through a central base hinge  52  composed of two hinge halves  54 ,  54   a ; each hinge half has a tubular part  56  having a width e 2  of 40 mm, according to  FIG. 40 , with a tubular channel  57  having a diameter d 2  of approximately 28 mm for accommodating the rotary screw  40 , with three radial slots  58  as well as partial ring ribs  59  of the tubular part  56 . The ribs  59  extend between the radial slots  58 . The other hinge part  54   a  is constructed in the same way so that, when the two parts are fitted together, the radial slots  58  in one part of the hinge  54  or  54   a  is capable of receiving the respective partial ring ribs  59  of the other part of the hinge  54   a  or  54 , respectively. These two parts  54 ,  54   a  of the hinge are held together by the rotary screw  40  that passes through their common tubular channel  57 . 
     A wing plate  66  is inserted as the connecting tension bracket into the respective external oblong slot  60  of that hinge parts  54  or  54   a , respectively, that crosses with its adjacent overhang ribs  62  three screw holes  63 , with a molded-on push bar  68  that forms a linear edge  67 . This wing plate is secured in position with three socket head cap screws  64 , which in turn then also cross the oblong slot  60  and the drill holes  65  of the push bar  68 . The configuration of this wing-shaped connecting plate  66  resembles that of the lid of a grand piano and ends relative to the push bar  68  with a protruding semicircular tongue piece  69  that contains a passage hole  69   a  near the edge. 
       FIG. 39  is an oblique view of a wing plate  66   a  that has, instead of the tongue piece, a straight side edge  67   a  that extends at an angle w 2  of, for example, 30° in relation to the free edge  67  of the plate  66   a . This obliquely extending side edge  67   a  rests against a lateral tube  72 , which accommodates a hexagonal nut  73  with a push-on disk  74  having a semicircular cross section. In this case, it involves the threaded fitting  70 . 
       FIGS. 45 to 47  show different positions of the overhang plate  60  of a connecting member  50 . In  FIGS. 45 and 46 , the rotary screw  40  runs at approximately right angles to the longitudinal axis E of the column  10  or more specifically the central axis M of the hinge joint  20 . In  FIG. 47 , the longitudinal axis A of the rotary screw  40  is folded upward at an angle t of approximately 45° in relation to the central axis M. 
     The connecting member  50   a  of  FIG. 48  resembles the just described connecting member  50  with the one difference that the rotary screw  40  passes through a central tubular channel  77  of the connecting member  50   a , which in this case is constructed as one piece. The central hinge of  FIG. 37  is missing here. The connecting member  50   a  is constructed as a flat plate, since, instead of a pairing of two hinge halves  54  according to  FIGS. 48 ,  49 , there is a compact base plate  80  with the central tubular channel  77 , with the vertex e 3  of the base plate  80  being 40 mm, with the length n being 120 mm, and with the width b being 100 mm. The distance b 1  between the two rows of screw holes  63  measures 70 mm. Their distance b 2  from the adjacent longitudinal edge  61  is 15 mm in each case. The clear height h 3  of the lateral oblong slots  60  is 13 mm, a distance that matches the dimension in  FIG. 42 . 
     The drawings do not show that in this case, too, it is possible to use the described threaded fitting  70 . 
     According to  FIGS. 55 and 56 , the connecting member  50  can also be used as the connecting element for strip-shaped keder profiles  100 . Such a keder profile  100  is connected to the connecting member  50  by tension brackets  98 , which are mounted in a rotationally limited manner at both ends. At the same time, the pins  76  pass through the keder profile  100  and the tension bracket  98 . Each pin  76  is fixed in position at both ends by a safety cotter pin  75 , which passes radially through each pin. The pin  76  passes through both the hinge parts  54  and  54   a , respectively, and also a washer  39   a  on both sides of the tension bracket  98 . 
     Each of the two keder profiles  100  of  FIGS. 55 and 56  has two angle sections  102  that are molded by extrusion molding from a light metal alloy, with each of these angle sections having an L-shaped cross section. In  FIG. 55  sections  102  form together with a base arm  104  an overhang plate as well as two end strips  106 , reaching upward at a right angle from the overhang plate at an edge. According to  FIG. 57 , each angle section  102  has a cross-sectional height h 8  of 50 mm, a cross-sectional width b 6  of approximately 80 mm, as well as a thickness f 1  of 12 mm or f 2  of 13 mm, and contains a plurality of longitudinal channels  108  or  109 , respectively. In addition, the base strips  104 , which lie one over the other, form with the recesses  110   a ,  111   a , which are also situated one over the other and are a part of the external surfaces  105  ( FIGS. 55 and 57 ) of the base strips. A common central channel  110  has an approximately rectangular cross section, and a common longitudinal channel  111  has a circular cross section. 
     The end strips  106  contain the passage slots  107  crossing the end strips for the tension brackets  98  and terminate in each case with a longitudinal edge  112  into which an oblong slot  114  extends. On the other hand, the oblong slot issues from the adjacent longitudinal channel  109 . This oblong slot  114  serves to accommodate a keder, secured on the edge of textile surface. This keder has to be enveloped by the membrane, which is welded together. Then the keder of a defined strength sits rigidly and immovably on the edge of the textile sheet. This keder has to transfer the forces of the transverse direction to a structural element, to the keder profile  100  in the example of  FIG. 55 . 
       FIGS. 58 to 60  show a portion of a mounting section  120 , having a right angular cross section, for the angle section  102 . A shaped plate  122  extends from the end strip or transverse strip  106  of the profile, the shaped plate sitting with an endwardly molded-on round bead  124  in the longitudinal channel  109  of the angle section  102 . Above the longitudinal edge  112 , which is semicircularly curved in the cross section, there is a second shaped bead  126  of the shaped plate  122 . The center points of the two beads  124 ,  126  form a distance g of 8.6 mm. The distance g 1  of the center point Z 1  of each round bead  124  from the underside  105  of the base arm  104  of the angle section  102  measures 44 mm. The distance g 2  of the center point Z 1  from the upper surface  128  of a transverse plate  130 , which is molded endwardly at a right angle onto the shaped bar  122 , is 56 mm. The transverse plate has a width e 7  of 50 mm and a thickness e 7  of 2 mm. The clear distance g 3  of the transverse plate  130  from the base strip  104  measures 85 mm. The thickness e 8  of the shaped plate  122  is only slightly larger than the thickness e 7 . 
     In  FIGS. 61 and 62 , two transverse strips of keder profiles  100  made of light metal sections are assigned to each other at a distance k 1 . In  FIG. 62  the end or transverse strips  106  of their angle sections  102  are connected by spacing screws  116 . In this case, the figures show two membrane webs S 1  clamped with an edge in a respective central channel  110  by an inserted profile bar  115 . Two cloth strips S 2  are laid over the angle sections  102  in order to protect them, are connected to each other on a longitudinal plate  118 , and terminate on the surface of the membrane webs S 1 . Owing to the oblong slot  114  of the longitudinal edge  112 , this longitudinal plate is positioned in the longitudinal channel  109  adjacent to this longitudinal edge and extends at a distance in parallel to the spacing screws  116 . 
       FIG. 63  shows a device analogous to that in  FIG. 56 , where the keder profile  100  is provided with a housing  140 . This housing has a floor plate  132  with a profile bar  135  having a circular cross section. The profile bar in the working position rests in the transverse channel  111  of the transverse strip  100 . A wall plate  134  having an angular cross section is hinged to the floor plate  136  with both wall strips  136 ,  136   a  of the wall plate defining an angle w 3  of approximately 130°. In the working position, an angle section  138  is connected to the narrow wall strips  136   a . The free edge of the angle section also forms a profile bar  135   a . In the working position, this profile bar rests in the upper longitudinal channel  109  of the upper angle section  102 . 
       FIG. 64  is a connecting device of two net or cloth surfaces (not illustrated). A retaining tube  142 , which is shown in sections and exhibits an external diameter q, is connected to a spaced ridge tube  144  having a significantly smaller diameter q i  by three radial plates  146 . U-shaped clamps  150  may be slid onto this ridge tube  144 . The clamps can be secured with their bow end  148  on the ridge tube and are slid with a screw end  149  through a hole in one of the assigned angle sections  102 . One of these holes  147  is shown in  FIG. 64 . Threaded nuts  41   a  secure the two screw ends  149  of the clamp  150  on the angle section  102 , on which the net or cloth surface is secured. The result is, for example, a rigid connection between two such textile surfaces, which rest in the adjacent hole sections  145 ,  145   a  of the length c of the ridge tube  144 . 
       FIGS. 65 to 69  show an additional embodiment, wherein the hinge joint is shown without the assigned load-absorbing member formed by the ball  36  and tension rod  40 . As in the exemplary embodiments of  FIGS. 2 to 18 , there is a circularly round base plate  22 , which forms the connecting area for attaching the respective supporting structure and has screw holes  29 . As in the aforementioned exemplary embodiments, bearing flanges, which extend from the center of the base plate  22 , are formed by the legs  27  of the beam-like lateral bodies. The ends of the lateral bodies located at a distance from the base plate  22  form a ridge surface  26 , connecting those ends. At variance with the aforementioned exemplary embodiments, the ridge surface  26  forms a protruding nose body  161 , which projects from the ridge surface  26  in the direction of the tension rod  40  (which is not illustrated in  FIGS. 65 to 68 ) extending from the aperture  30 . 
       FIGS. 69 to 71  show another modified form of the hinge joint  20 . In  FIGS. 70 and 71 , the load-absorbing member of ball  36  and tension rod  40  is not illustrated. In this embodiment, the function of the base plate  22  of this example is taken over by a circularly round ring body  162  having a series of screw holes  29 . In this exemplary embodiment, there is a cup body  163  as the bearing element, with which the load-absorbing member  36 ,  40  engages. The cup body projects concentrically from the ring body  162  and is constructed in such that the cup floor  164  has a smaller diameter than the cup aperture  165 , at which the cup body  163  passes over into the ring body  162  with a curved outer wall contour at  166  as one piece. For the passage of the tension rod  40  of the ball  36 , which is accommodated in the interior of the cup body  163 , the cup floor  164  forms a central aperture  30 . The interior wall, which borders the aperture  30  and is a part of the cup floor  164 , forms the concave support surface  31  matched to the convexity of the ball  36 . The exemplary embodiment according to  FIGS. 69 to 71  is especially appropriate for mounting on a vertical wall area, forming the supporting structure. As in the example of  FIGS. 65 to 68 , the bearing element, including the base plate  22  or the ring body  162  and, thus, the one-piece bearing flanges  27  or the cup body  163 , can also be a one-piece casting made of metal in the example in  FIGS. 69 to 71 . It also being possible to provide recesses  167  in the side wall of the cup body  163  in order to reduce the weight. 
     While various embodiments have been chosen to illustrate the invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.