Abstract:
In accordance with one embodiment, a method for emulating the color performance of a display system includes determining an expected first color gamut of the display system. Display data is converted into a format that emulates the first color gamut. The converted display data is displayed by a different display system having an expected second color gamut different than the expected first color gamut.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    This disclosure relates in general to display systems, and more particularly to a method and system for emulating a display. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Modern display systems typically include multiple components that may each contribute optically to a display output. Product development for some display systems often includes displaying a final output of several working prototypes. The process of designing and building working prototypes, however, may include the production, installation, and calibration of expensive display system components that are often time consuming to produce. Moreover, product development for some display systems may involve several iterations of designing, building, and fine-tuning multiple working prototypes before a desired display quality is achieved. In many cases, the failed iterations may increase the cost and time to produce a commercial product. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0003]    In accordance with one embodiment, a method for emulating the color performance of a display system includes determining an expected first color gamut of the display system. Display data is converted into a format that emulates the first color gamut. The converted display data is displayed by a different display system having an expected second color gamut different than the expected first color gamut. 
         [0004]    Some embodiments may enable the emulation of various different displays, thereby allowing viewers to evaluate and compare the effects of any of a variety of design considerations. Some such design considerations may include, for example, the specifications of particular hardware components, image processing techniques, or any of a variety of other suitable design considerations. The ability to efficiently emulate various different displays may significantly reduce research and development time and corresponding costs. For example, multiple iterations of various color filter designs may be efficiently and accurately evaluated by emulation without necessarily building a color filter for each evaluation. In some embodiments, different emulations may be displayed and evaluated simultaneously or successively. 
         [0005]    Other technical advantages of the present disclosure will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims. Moreover, while specific advantages have been enumerated above, various embodiments may include all, some, or none of the enumerated advantages. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]    For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0007]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a system for emulating a display according to one embodiment; 
           [0008]      FIGS. 2A through 2C  are CIE chromaticity diagrams comparing some example color gamuts of the system of  FIG. 1  to the color gamuts of some example test systems; and 
           [0009]      FIGS. 3  is flowchart illustrating an example method for emulating a display according to one embodiment, which may be executed, at least in part, by the system of  FIG. 1 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0010]    The example embodiments of the present disclosure are best understood by referring to  FIGS. 1 through 3  of the drawings, like numerals being used for like and corresponding parts of the various drawings. 
         [0011]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a system  100  for emulating a display according to one embodiment. System  100  generally includes a capability manager  102 , an image processor  104 , an emulation manager  106 , a control module  108 , and a display engine  110 . In operation, system  100  generally measures and/or mathematically models one or more optical characteristics (e.g., color gamut, contrast ratio, brightness, etc.) of an actual display and/or a corresponding design and generates a control signal accordingly. Display engine  110  receives the control signal along control line  109  and a data signal from a video source  112  along data line  111 . Display engine  110  uses the control and data signals to generate an optical output  113  that is displayable on a display surface  114 . The optical output  113  may emulate the measured and/or modeled optical characteristic(s), thereby at least partially simulating an optical output of an actual display and/or a particular design that may or may not be implemented as a working prototype. The display and/or design being emulated by system  100  is generally referred to herein as the test system. 
         [0012]    Capability manager  102  generally refers to any hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of the preceding capable of generating a computer-readable representation of one or more optical characteristics of a test system. According to one embodiment, capability manager  102  resides within computer-readable storage of a client (not explicitly shown); however, capability manager may include any of a variety of other hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of the preceding capable of generating a computer-readable representation of one or more optical characteristics of a test system. In this example, one or more measured input(s)  101  and one or more model input(s)  103  provide the measured and modeled optical characteristic(s) of a test system, respectively, to capability manager  102 . The measured and/or modeled optical characteristic(s) may correspond to actual or theoretical optical characteristic(s) of a particular display and/or design, as explained further below. 
         [0013]    In this example, capability manager  102  generally processes the measured and/or modeled optical characteristics provided by measured input(s)  101  and/or model input(s)  103 , respectively, and generates a computer-readable representation of the processed inputs. In some embodiments, the computer-readable representation may include a system color matrix or a multi-dimensional look-up table that numerically summarizes the color capabilities of the test system. In some embodiments, capability manager  102  may include a graphical user interface (GUI) accessible from a client (not explicitly shown). Such a GUI may facilitate interfacing with capability manager  102  and/or modifying model input(s)  103 . Capability manager  102  communicates the computer-readable representation to image processor  104 . 
         [0014]    Image processor  104  generally refers to any hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of the preceding capable of performing image processing. According to one embodiment, image processor  104  resides within computer-readable storage of a client (not explicitly shown); however, capability manager may include any of a variety of other hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of the preceding capable of generating a computer-readable representation of one or more optical characteristics of a test system. In this example, image processor  104  generally performs image processing on the computer-readable representation generated by capability manager  102 . 
         [0015]    The term color scheme generally refers to the apportioned use of three or more colors to create a full color gamut for a test system. Color schemes may or may not be directly related to the hardware used to generate a colored display. For example, a color scheme may include a particular shade of magenta even though the individual components of test system (e.g., a color filter, a light emitting diode, a laser, a liquid crystal panel, a coated screen, etc.) might not independently transmit magenta colored light. Some color schemes may use three primary colors (e.g., red, green, and blue) to generate a displayable range of colors. Some other color schemes may use alternative multi-color processing (e.g., four, five, six, or more primary colors) to enhance the range of colors available to a test system. According to one embodiment, the test system may use a color scheme substantially similar to BrilliantColor™, developed by Texas Instruments Incorporated, which may enhance color fidelity and expand the range of color capacity for the test system. In some embodiments, the ability of system  100  to emulate the color gamut, or color producing capability, of a test system may be at least partially related to the color producing capability of system  100 , as explained further below. 
         [0016]    In some embodiments, the image processing performed by image processor  104  may be fine-tuned by signals received from one or more tuning input(s)  105 . Such fine-tuning may be used, for example, to further enhance the color fidelity of a particular color scheme and may or may not be independent of the data received from capability manager  102 . More specifically, in some embodiments, the signals received from tuning input(s)  105  may be used to enhance the emulation of a test system by system  100 . In some embodiments, image processor  104  may include a graphical user interface (GUI) accessible from a client (not explicitly shown). Such a GUI may facilitate interfacing with image processor  104  and/or modifying model input(s)  105 . 
         [0017]    After performing one or more image processing functions, image processor  104  communicates a data output to emulation manager  106 . According to one embodiment, the data output is in the form of a log file that includes one or more numerical descriptions of respective optical characteristics of the test system. 
         [0018]    Emulation manager  106  generally refers to any hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of the preceding capable of managing the modification of system  100  to emulate the actual or theoretical display of a test system. Emulation manager  106  may receive signals from one or more emulation input(s)  107  that may be used, for example, to fine-tune the emulations of specific test systems. For example, emulation input(s)  107  may provide signals corresponding to gamma correction, color coordinate adjustments, hue, saturation, or brightness control, any combination of the preceding, and/or any other emulation input(s)  107 . In addition, emulation manager  106  may receive emulation input(s)  107  that may be used to calibrate system  100 . In some embodiments, emulation manager  106  may include a graphical user interface (GUI) accessible from a client (not explicitly shown). Such a GUI may facilitate interfacing with emulation manager  106  and/or modifying emulation input(s)  107 . 
         [0019]    In operation, emulation manager  106  generally uses data received from image processor  104  and one or more emulation input(s)  107  to modify one or more optical characteristics (e.g., color, contrast, brightness, etc.) of system  100  in a manner that effects the emulation of a test system. According to one embodiment, system  100  is capable of displaying a particular range of colors, referred to herein as a “color space,” which may be represented numerically by a multi-dimensional look-up table (e.g., a table having three or more dimensions). Any of a variety of different test systems may have respective color spaces that differ from the color space of system  100 . 
         [0020]    Emulation manager  106  may perform a transformation, also be referred to as a conversion, that maps each color point of the color space for system  100  to a corresponding color point within or near particular test system color space that is being emulated, as explained further below with reference to  FIGS. 2A through 3 . In some such embodiments, emulation manager  106  may communicate data to control module  108  that effects or otherwise represents the color point transformation. For example, the data output of emulation manager  106  may include a three-dimensional look up table resulting from a color transformation. In addition, data corresponding to multiple test system emulations may be communicated to control manager  108  and/or stored for subsequent use. Emulation manager  106  may also communicate calibration information to control manager  108  corresponding to system  100  and/or the test system. 
         [0021]    Control manager  108  generally refers to any hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of the preceding capable of generating a control signal that may at least partially control the operation of display engine  110 . In this example, control manager  108  communicates the control signal along control line  109 , which may be wireline or wireless, to display engine  110 . The control signal may modify the performance of display engine  110  in a manner that effects the emulation of a test system. For example, control manager  108  may communicate control signals to display engine  110  that redefine the color space of system  100  to emulate that of a test system. The emulation may thus be effected, at least in part, in accordance with a color space transformation performed by emulation manager  106 . 
         [0022]    In some embodiments, control manager  108  may include a graphical user interface (GUI) accessible from a client (not explicitly shown). Such a GUI may facilitate interfacing with control manager  108  and/or modifying the control signals. 
         [0023]    Display engine  110  generally refers to any hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of the preceding capable of generating an optical output  113  that is displayable on a display surface  114 . Display surface  114  may include, for example, a projection screen, a television screen, a computer screen, a wall, or any other suitable display surface. In this example, display engine  100  generates optical output  113  in response to receiving a control signal and a data signal from control manager  108  and video source  112 , respectively. 
         [0024]    Video source  112  generally provides a displayable data stream to display engine along data line  111 , which may be wireline or wireless. The data stream may include, for example, information corresponding to one or more images, videos, overlaying objects (e.g., menus, subtitles, etc.), any combination of the preceding, or other displayable data. 
         [0025]    In the example embodiment, control manager  108  includes a DLP Cinema® Control Program capable of controlling the operation of a display engine  110  that includes a three-chip DLP Cinema® projector; however, any suitable control manager  108  and/or display engine  110  combination may be used (e.g., alternative control managers may be communicatively coupled to display engines that include one or more liquid crystal panel(s), liquid crystal on silicon panel(s), interferometric modulator(s), other spatial light modulator(s), cathode ray tube(s), plasma screen(s), etc.). A DLP® chip is capable of spatially modulating received light beams. Some three-chip DLP Cinema® projectors include optics (not explicitly shown) that split a light beam such that each DLP® chip receives a respective color of light (e.g., red, green, and blue). Each DLP®T chip may perform pulse-width modulation (PWM) on respectively received light beams to spatially modulate color intensity. The recombined output of the three DLP® chips may enable the display of trillions of colors. Thus, in some embodiments, the color space of some three-chip DLP Cinema® projectors is considerably expansive, thereby enabling system  100  to accurately emulate the color output of any of a variety of test systems. Further details regarding the typical color producing capabilities of some three-chip DLP Cinema® projectors are described further below with reference to  FIGS. 2A through 2C . 
         [0026]      FIGS. 2A through 2C  are CIE chromaticity diagrams  200 ,  210 , and  220  comparing some example color gamuts of respective systems  100  to the color gamuts of some example test systems. The CIE chromaticity system, which was first created by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931, characterizes colors by a luminance parameter Y and two color coordinates x and y that collectively specify the point on the chromaticity diagram. A particular color space may thus be generally represented as a collection of points on a CIE chromaticity diagram, collectively referred to as the color gamut, that form one or more two-dimensional shapes. Color is often also described in terms of hue, saturation, and brightness. Hue is related to the wavelength for spectral colors and the terms “red” and “blue” are thus primarily describing hue. A fully saturated color is one with no mixture of white (e.g., pink may be thought of as having the same hue as red but being less saturated). Brightness may be generally quantified in terms of luminance. 
         [0027]      FIG. 2A  is a chromaticity diagram  200  that may be used to compare the human-perceivable color gamut  202  to color gamuts  204  and  206  of an example system  100  and a test system, respectively. More specifically, the largest illustrated color gamut  202  generally defines the range of color typically perceivable by the human eye. Color gamut  204  generally illustrates an example range of color displayable by system  100  according to one embodiment, which in this example includes a subset of the points forming the human-perceivable color gamut  202 . In this example, system  100  is capable of producing the various colors within color gamut  204  by combining a given set of three primary colors (e.g., red, green, and blue), as represented on chromaticity diagram  200  by a triangle joining the coordinates for the three colors. In some embodiments, the three endpoints of the triangle forming color gamut  204  may each correspond to a fully saturated primary color modulated by a respective DLP® chip of a three-chip DLP Cinema® projector; however, color gamut  204  may have any suitable shape(s) that substantially represents the color-producing capability of any of a variety of alternative systems  100 . 
         [0028]    Color gamut  206  generally illustrates the range of color displayable by an example test system. In some embodiments, the points making up color gamut  206  may be at least partially determined, for example, by capability manager  102 , image processor  104 , and emulation manager  106  in a manner substantially similar to that described above. In this example, color gamut  206  does not form a perfect triangle. That is, point B is not collinear with a line drawn between points A and C. 
         [0029]    In some embodiments, a color gamut substantially similar to color gamut  206  may correspond to the measured and/or modeled color space of a one-chip DLP® system. Three-chip DLP® systems typically have a larger color space and finer color gradation than systems using only one DLP® chip, as generally illustrated by the difference between color gamuts  204  and  206 . More specifically, color gamut  204  includes various color points (e.g., point D) that are outside the range of color gamut  206 . System  100  may perform a transformation that maps a color point D to point B, for example, thereby enabling system  100  to more accurately emulate the color performance of a test system having color gamut  206 . For example, each color point of system  100  may be mapped to a nearest-neighboring point situated within the test system color gamut  206 ; however, any suitable mapping scheme may be used. 
         [0030]    The test system may have any of a variety of hardware components or design parameters that may affect one or more optical characteristics, as described previously. For example, some one-chip DLP® systems include a color wheel or some other color filter that rapidly provides the DLP® chip with alternating colors of light, thereby enabling the display of field sequential images. Some such color filters are often expensive and time consuming to produce. In various embodiments, therefore, system  100  may enable the displayed emulation of any of a variety of color wheel designs and alternations, thereby potentially reducing development time and costs. 
         [0031]    Color points within color gamut  204  of the example system  100  may generally be emulated with a high degree of precision and accuracy. In some embodiments, however, a test system may include one or more color points outside the illustrated color gamut  204  of system  100 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2B . 
         [0032]      FIG. 2B  is a chromaticity diagram  210  that illustrates a color gamut  216  for an alternative example test system. The color gamut  216  of this particular test system has a greater area than color gamut  206  corresponding to the example test system of  FIG. 2A . In other words, the example test system of  FIG. 2B  has a larger color space than the example test system of  FIG. 2A . In this example, color gamut  216  includes color points outside the color gamut  204  of the example system  100 . For example, color gamut  216  includes some points in the blue region of the chromaticity diagram  210  (e.g., endpoint E) that are outside color gamut  204  of the example system  100 . That is, a test system  100  having color gamut  216  may be capable of producing a particular hue in the blue region of chromaticity diagram  210  that is not necessarily producible by a system  100  having color gamut  204 . 
         [0033]    In this example, only a small percentage of color gamut  216  falls outside color gamut  204 . This level of discrepancy may be acceptable for some emulation purposes. In some embodiments, system  100  may perform a transformation that maps such exterior points (e.g., endpoint E) to a nearest-neighboring point within the color gamut  204  of system  100 . The color gamuts of other test systems, however, may include a greater percentage of respective areas outside color gamut  204  of the example test system  100 , as illustrated by  FIG. 2C . 
         [0034]      FIG. 2C  is a chromaticity diagram  220  that may be used to compare the human-perceivable color gamut  202  to color gamuts  205  and  226  of an example system  100  and a test system, respectively. In this example, color gamut  205  of system  100  is greater than color gamut  204  illustrated in  FIGS. 2A and 2B . In other words, the color space of system  100  in this example is greater than that of the examples illustrated in  FIGS. 2A and 2B . The expanded color gamut  205  of system  100 , in this example, may enable a more accurate color emulation of a test system having color gamut  226 . 
         [0035]    In some embodiments, the same or substantially the same system  100  may be used to support each of the example color gamuts  204  and  205  of  FIGS. 2A through 2C . For example, adding a filter to the optics of a system  100  having a color gamut  204  as illustrated in  FIGS. 2A and 2B  may result in the color gamut  205  illustrated in  FIG. 2C . In some such embodiments, adding such a filter may decrease the brightness of the system  100 , however, which may or may not be acceptable for some emulation purposes. Thus, depending on the application and the desired emulation capabilities, the increase in area from color gamut  204  to color gamut  205  may be effected, for example, by various alternative systems  100  that may use any of a variety of technologies, optics, and hardware components. In some embodiments, however, the color gamut  204  illustrated in  FIGS. 2A and 2B  may be adequate for most emulation purposes. Additional details regarding example modifications that may be made to the color gamut of some systems  100  to more closely emulate the color gamut of particular test systems are described below with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
         [0036]      FIG. 3  is flowchart  300  illustrating an example method for emulating a display according to one embodiment, which may be executed, at least in part, by system  100 . In this example, the method generally includes at least the following acts: measuring and/or modeling one or more optical characteristics of a display; modifying the control of system  100  in accordance with the measured and/or modeled characteristic(s); and displaying an optical output  113  generated by system  100  that emulates the measured and/or modeled optical characteristic(s). In some embodiments, the emulation displayed by system  100  may at least partially simulate an optical output of an actual display and/or a particular design that may or may not be implemented as a working prototype. The display and/or design being emulated is generally referred to herein as the test system. 
         [0037]    Act  302  includes measuring and/or modeling one or more optical characteristics of a test system. For example, the measured and/or modeled optical characteristics may correspond to the color, brightness, and/or contrast capabilities of the test system; however, any suitable optical characteristic may be modeled and/or measured. Some optical characteristic measurements may be obtained, for example, by positioning one or more optical sensors on a display surface of a test system; however, any of a variety of optical characteristics may be obtained using any suitable technique. 
         [0038]    In addition, the modeled optical characteristics may further include information corresponding to the particular hardware components of an actual display and/or a design that may or may not be implemented as a working prototype. For example, the modeled optical characteristics may correspond to any combination or multiples of the following hardware components: light sources (e.g., lamps, light emitting diodes, lasers, etc.); color filters (e.g., color wheels, dichroic mirrors, etc.); optics (e.g., lenses, integration rods, prisms, etc.); and/or any other hardware components of a test system. More specifically, a mathematical model may consider, for example, the segments of an actual or designed color wheel in terms of their number, size, relative position, shape, and/or filter specifications; and another model may consider, for example, the brightness capabilities of a lamp in terms of lumens. 
         [0039]    According to one embodiment, at least some of the optical characteristic(s) measured and/or modeled in act  302  may be used, for example, to generate one or more multi-dimensional look-up tables (e.g., a table having three or more dimensions). Each look-up table may numerically represent one or more corresponding optical characteristics of the test system being emulated. For example, a particular test system may be capable of displaying a particular range of colors, referred to herein as a “color space,” which may include a plurality of color points that may each be represented numerically within a three-dimensional look-up table. Any of a variety of hypothetical color inputs may be mapped to a corresponding color point within the three-dimensional look-up table. For example, a hypothetical color input having three components (e.g., red, green, and blue) may be represented as 
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         [0000]    where R, G, and B each have values ranging from zero to one corresponding to respective apportionments of red, green, and blue color (e.g., a white color input may be represented, for example, by assigning a value of one to R, G, and B). The use of red, green, and blue color components is for example purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In particular, more than three color components may be used and each color point may be described using a combination of any of a variety of primary colors or color attributes. In some embodiments, each color input may be mapped to a corresponding color point of a three-dimensional look-up table of the test system. Some such mappings may be represented as 
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         [0000]    where X, Y, and Z represent three different parameters that describe color (e.g., hue, saturation, brightness, or any other suitable descriptors of color). In some embodiments, the optical output  113  of system  100  may be modified to emulate such a color mapping scheme, or any of a variety of alternative color mapping schemes, as described further below. 
         [0040]    Act  304  generally includes modifying the control of system  100  in accordance with the optical characteristic(s) measured and/or modeled in act  302 . According to one embodiment, system  100  is capable of emulating the color capabilities of a test system; however, any suitable optical characteristic or combination of optical characteristics may be emulated, including, for example, brightness, contrast, or any other suitable optical characteristic. The color space of system  100  may include a plurality of color points that may each be represented numerically within a three-dimensional look-up table. The color points for system  100  may be determined, for example, through measurements and/or models in a manner substantially similar to that described previously with regards to a test system; and such information may also be used, for example, to fine-tune the calibration of system  100 . 
         [0041]    In some embodiments, the color space for system  100  may be different than the color space of the test system being emulated. System  100  may thus perform a transformation that maps each color point of the color space for system  100  to a corresponding color point within or proximate to a particular test system color space that is being emulated, thereby modifying the color space of system  100  to more closely approximate the color space of the test system. The transformation may be effected, for example, by emulation manager  106  of system  100 . According to one embodiment, the color point transformation may be represented as 
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         [0000]    where Xin represents a particular color input that may be provided to system  100 , and Xsys is a color matrix that may be used to represent the calibrated color points that collectively form the color space of the system  100 . More specifically, in this example, each color input Xin may have R, G, and B values ranging from zero to one that correspond to respective apportionments of red, green, and blue color; and the X, Y, and Z values of the Xsys color matrix for system  100  may each represent respective parameters that describe color (e.g., hue, saturation, brightness, or any other suitable descriptors of color). In this example, the effects of such a color transformation are represented in the control signals communicated from control module  108  to display engine  110 . Thus, in some embodiments, a particular color input Xin that may be received by system  100  will be displayed as a modified color in accordance with the color transformation. By way of comparison, if no color transformation is performed, system  100  may generate a display that includes the full color capabilities of system  100 . 
         [0042]    Act  306  generally includes displaying an optical output  113  generated by system  100  that emulates the measured and/or modeled optical characteristic(s). For example, video source  112  may provide a displayable data stream or image to display engine along data line  111  to display engine  110 . Display engine may receive a control signal along control line  109  and, in response, generate an optical output  113  that enables a displayable representation of the data stream or image in a manner that emulates the color capabilities of a test system. That is, system  100  enables the display of an input that at least partially emulates the display a test system would hypothetically generate in response to the same input. 
         [0043]    Thus, in some embodiments, system  100  may enable the emulation of various different displays, thereby allowing viewers to evaluate and compare the effects of any of a variety of design considerations. Some such design considerations may include, for example, detailed specifications of particular hardware components, image processing techniques, or any of a variety of other suitable design considerations. The ability to efficiently emulate various different displays may significantly reduce research and development time and corresponding costs. For example, multiple iterations of various color filter designs may be efficiently and accurately evaluated by emulation without necessarily building a color filter for each evaluation. In some embodiments, a particular display surface  114  may be partitioned such that an emulation can be compared to an existing display system. In other embodiments, different emulations for various test systems may be displayable by system  100  and may be evaluated successively or substantially simultaneously. 
         [0044]    In some embodiments, a particular display surface  114  may be partitioned such that different emulations for various test systems may be displayable by system  100  at the same time. In this manner, side-by-side test system emulations may be evaluated substantially simultaneously. 
         [0045]    Although the present disclosure has been described with several embodiments, a myriad of changes, variations, alterations, transformations, and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art, and it is intended that the present disclosure encompass such changes, variations, alterations, transformations, and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.