Abstract:
An exposure apparatus which exposes a substrate to a pattern. The apparatus includes a channel which causes pure water to flow as a coolant, a temperature adjustment unit which adjusts a temperature of the pure water flowing in the channel, and a coolant generation device which generates the pure water flowing in the channel as the coolant with a resistivity of not less than 1 MΩ·cm.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The present invention relates to an exposure apparatus used in a semiconductor manufacturing process, and is particularly suitable for temperature control in the apparatus.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     As a conventional cooling method performed for an alignment device in an exposure apparatus, a temperature-managed fluorine-based inert coolant is generally circulated through a heating member such as a driving unit and a temperature adjustment device, as shown in  FIG. 8 . In the prior art shown in  FIG. 8 , the alignment device in the exposure apparatus is illustrated. A measurement distance  13  to an object  10  to be aligned is detected by using a measurement mirror  11  and a position measurement means  12  such as a laser interferometer, thereby measuring the position of the object  10  at high precision. A linear motor  1  is controlled by a controller  14  and a driver  15  on the basis of the measurement result. The linear motor  1  made up of stator  1   a  and rotor  1   b  is kept at a predetermined temperature by circulating a fluorine-based inert coolant  2  through a temperature adjustment device  6  and channel  7  in a temperature adjustment room. As disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-309071, the linear motor  1  has a jacket structure in which a coolant directly recovers the heat generated by a coil. As the coolant, the fluorine-based inert coolant  2  is used because of the following reasons. 
    1. The fluorine-based inert coolant is a chemically stable liquid, does not degrade or decay, and does not require any maintenance.     2. The fluorine-based inert coolant does not induce any rust and form any rust in a pipe or at a joint. Even if this coolant leaks, it hardly influences the interior of the apparatus.     3. The electrical insulating property of the fluorine-based inert coolant is very high (about 10 15  Ω·cm). Directly cooling a coil or the like does not impair the insulating property.    
 
         [0006]     A circulation cooling technique for a coolant other than the fluorine-based inert coolant adopts a gas coolant such as air or carbonic acid gas, an antifreeze coolant such as oil or brine (ethylene glycol-based or propylene glycol-based), or water containing various additives such as a rust preventive and preservative.  
         [0007]     The fluorine-based inert coolant has advantages described in the prior art, but also has the following disadvantages. 
    1. The unit cost is very high.     2. The warming potential is high.     3. The heat capacity (specific heat×density) per unit volume is as small as about ½ that of water.    
 
         [0011]     The unit cost of the fluorine-based inert coolant is about 10 to 50 times higher those of additive-containing water or various coolants such as brine. This increases the cost of an exposure apparatus which requires a large amount of coolant. The fluorine-based inert coolant does not decompose even in air owing to high chemical stability, and is pointed out to have a very high GWP (Global Warming Potential). The use of the inert coolant in an open system is therefore being reviewed, and for the use of the inert coolant in a closed circulation system, an alternate coolant is being examined for a long term.  
         [0012]     In addition to this, a higher-output driving unit and higher cooling ability are demanded especially for the exposure apparatus. To improve the cooling ability, it is possible to (1) increase the coolant flow rate, (2) decrease the coolant temperature, or (3) increase the heat capacity of the coolant. As the coolant flow rate increases, necessary pump ability increases with its square. The pump becomes bulky, and a higher flow rate is difficult to ensure. If the flow rate of a circulating coolant near an object to be aligned as an object subjected to temperature control is set higher than the conventional value, the coolant forms turbulence, vibrating a pipe or the like. The vibrations function as alignment disturbance, decreasing the alignment precision and further the exposure precision. For this reason, the flow rate of the coolant cannot be simply increased. At an excessively low coolant temperature, air around the coolant path becomes nonuniform in temperature in comparison with the entire atmosphere. An interferometer laser for position measurement fluctuates in output, and the measurement precision and exposure precision decrease. From this, the use of an alternate coolant with a large heat capacity in place of the fluorine-based inert coolant has been examined.  
         [0013]     Examples of such large-heat-capacity coolant are water (pure water) containing a rust preventive or preservative, and brine (coolant prepared by diluting an ethylene glycol-based or propylene glycol-based antifreeze with water). These coolants are actually used in various machine tools. If, however, water or brine is circulated as a coolant for a long time, rust forms on a metal surface of a pipe or the like that contacts the coolant, or the coolant decays due to breeding of unwanted bacteria or the like. To prevent this, water or brine containing a rust preventive or preservative is generally used as a coolant. Most rust preventives, however, contain a metal salt such as sodium ions or amine-based ions in order to dissolve the rust preventives in water. Many preservatives contain an amine-based component in addition to an alcoholic component in order to enhance the sterilization effect.  
         [0014]     In addition, these coolants do not have the electrical insulating property of the conventional coolant, i.e., fluorine-based inert coolant, and the conventional structure of directly cooling an electrical component cannot be employed. Hence, a coolant which can ensure an electrical insulating property is required for the exposure apparatus instead of the fluorine-based inert coolant.  
         [0015]     A semiconductor factory must maintain a very clean space. Contamination of the atmosphere not only by a fine organic matter such as dust but also by metal ions or amine-based organic ions must be minimized in terms of the semiconductor manufacturing process.. Considering this, a coolant or the like used in the exposure apparatus preferably contains no metal salt or amine-based ions which act as contaminants (contamination) in case the coolant leaks from a pipe or the like. If these contaminants are at negligible level for the factory, but the coolant leaking from a pipe or the like attaches to a precision surface plate or the like, the coolant volatilizes to leave the additive component on the surface of the precision surface plate. The additive component may then influence the surface precision of the surface plate. In many cases, the precision surface plate serves as an alignment reference in the alignment device of the exposure apparatus. The decrease in precision seriously influences the alignment precision and exposure precision. Demands have therefore arisen for a coolant which does not leave any residue even upon volatilization.  
         [0016]     In order to obtain a coolant having a large heat capacity and electrical insulating property, it has been examined to adjust the temperature in the exposure apparatus via pure water managed to 1 MΩ·cm or more (0.1 μS/cm or less). This also means that pure water does not contain any contaminant which adversely affects the manufacturing process of the semiconductor factory.  
         [0017]     Implementation of such a process and coolant requires a pure water device and accessory device (deoxidation device or sterilization device such as an UV filter), resulting in a large equipment space.  
         [0018]     Addition of a rust preventive or preservative also poses a maintenance problem. To maintain the effects of these additives, the concentrations of the additives must be managed. Since the concentration cannot always be monitored, it must be periodically checked at least every one or two months. This increases the maintenance burden of the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, and further increases the burden on the user. To avoid the increase in burden, it is preferable to always monitor maintenance and management of the rust prevention effect.  
         [0019]     In general, quality management of the coolant requires periodic maintenance. Most exposure apparatuses operate for 24 hours, and the maintenance burden is desirably decreased as much as possible.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020]     It is an object of the present invention to provide an exposure apparatus which can be made compact and can suppress metal rust that forms in a pipe or the like in the presence of a coolant without adversely affecting a clean semiconductor factory.  
         [0021]     It is another object of the present invention to provide an exposure apparatus which can suppress decay of a coolant without adversely affecting a clean semiconductor factory.  
         [0022]     It is still another object of the present invention to provide an exposure apparatus which can employ pure water as a coolant for cooling a driving unit or the like, is compact, and comprises a small-size alignment device and the like.  
         [0023]     To achieve the above objects, according to the present invention, there is provided an exposure apparatus which exposes a substrate to a pattern on a master, comprising a temperature adjustment unit which adjusts, to a predetermined temperature, a coolant supplied from a coolant generation device which generates a coolant with a predetermined quality, and a control unit which controls a temperature in the apparatus by circulating the coolant adjusted to the predetermined temperature.  
         [0024]     It is preferable that the coolant include distilled water or pure water, and be supplied from the coolant generation device arranged outside the exposure apparatus. The pure water has a resistivity of 1 MΩ·cm or more. The pure water includes deoxidized water.  
         [0025]     The pure water preferably has a dissolved oxygen amount of 1 mg/l or less. The deoxidized water includes deaerated water having undergone deaeration processing.  
         [0026]     If the coolant is water in the above arrangement, the heat capacity of the coolant can be set large to provide a cooling effect. The use of distilled or pure water as a coolant can prevent contamination of a factory atmosphere even if the coolant leaks outside the apparatus. Distilled or pure water used does not leave any residue even upon volatilization. Even if the coolant leaks from a pipe or the like within the apparatus, the alignment precision and exposure precision do not decrease.  
         [0027]     By supplying part or all of pure water from a factory or the like, the exposure apparatus can be made compact, and a cooling system using pure water can be implemented. Since the resistivity of pure water supplied from the factory or the like is set to 1 MΩ·cm or more, insulation of the coil and reliability can be ensured. The arrangement of supplying deoxidized (deaerated) pure water from the factory or the like results in a compact deoxidization unit and thus a very compact exposure apparatus. As long as the amount of oxygen dissolved in deoxidized pure water is 1 mg/l or less, the deoxidation unit need not be installed in the exposure apparatus, further downsizing the exposure apparatus.  
         [0028]     The exposure apparatus further comprises at least one of a deoxidation unit which performs deoxidation processing for the coolant and a UV sterilization unit which performs UV sterilization processing for the coolant. The deoxidation unit preferably has a deaeration function of removing gas from the coolant. Alternatively, the deoxidation unit fills a vessel which temporarily stores the coolant with gas having a partial oxygen pressure of almost 0. The temperature adjustment unit has a function of suppressing an increase in a dissolved oxygen amount of the coolant within the exposure apparatus. The increase in the dissolved oxygen amount of the coolant is suppressed by filling a vessel which temporarily stores the coolant in said temperature adjustment unit with inert gas, or blowing inert gas into the coolant in the vessel.  
         [0029]     Since the exposure apparatus with the above arrangement comprises the deoxidation unit which performs deoxidation processing for the coolant, the rust prevention effect in the apparatus can be obtained without adding any contaminant which is unpreferable to a manufacturing process in a semiconductor factory. The coolant preservation effect can also be expected, and the sterilization unit can be downsized. When the coolant is distilled or pure water, a contaminant which is unpreferable to the manufacturing process in the semiconductor factory can be completely eliminated, and the rust prevention effect can be enhanced. Moreover, the preservation effect can be expected, and the entire apparatus can be greatly downsized.  
         [0030]     The temperature adjustment unit suppresses an increase in the dissolved oxygen amount of the coolant in the exposure apparatus. For example, the increase in the dissolved oxygen amount of the coolant is suppressed by filling a vessel which temporarily stores the coolant in the temperature adjustment unit with inert gas, or blowing inert gas into the coolant. The effect of deoxidation processing by the deoxidation unit can be maintained, increasing the processability of the deoxidation unit and downsizing the apparatus.  
         [0031]     Since the exposure apparatus comprises the UV sterilization unit which performs UV sterilization processing for the coolant, the coolant preservation effect can be obtained without adding any contaminant which is unpreferable to the manufacturing process in the semiconductor factory. Deoxidation processing for the coolant can provide a greater preservation effect. When the coolant is distilled or pure water, the preservation effect can be further enhanced.  
         [0032]     It is preferable that the control unit comprise a channel which flows the coolant at the predetermined temperature, a supply pipe which supplies a coolant generated by the coolant generation device to the channel, and an exhaust pipe which exhausts the coolant outside the channel, and that the control unit circulate the coolant through a stage driving unit for relatively moving one or both of the master and the substrate to align them, thereby cooling the stage driving unit.  
         [0033]     It is preferable that the exposure apparatus further comprise a quality detection unit which detects the quality of the coolant, and that a supply amount of the coolant be controlled on the basis of a detection result of the quality detection unit.  
         [0034]     The present invention can also be applied to a semiconductor device manufacturing method comprising the steps of installing manufacturing apparatuses for various processes including any one of the exposure apparatuses in a semiconductor manufacturing factory, and manufacturing a semiconductor device by a plurality of processes using the manufacturing apparatuses. The method preferably further comprises the steps of connecting the manufacturing apparatuses by a local area network, and communicating information about at least one of the manufacturing apparatuses between the local area network and an external network outside the semiconductor manufacturing factory. It is preferable that a database provided by a vendor or user of the exposure apparatus be accessed via the external network to obtain maintenance information of the manufacturing apparatus by data communication, or that data communication be performed between the semiconductor manufacturing factory and another semiconductor manufacturing factory via the external network to perform production management.  
         [0035]     The present invention can also be applied to a semiconductor manufacturing factory comprising manufacturing apparatuses for various processes including any one of the exposure apparatuses, a local area network which connects the manufacturing apparatuses, and a gateway which allows the local area network to access an external network outside the factory, wherein information about at least one of the manufacturing apparatuses can be communicated.  
         [0036]     According to the present invention, there may also be provided a maintenance method for any one of the exposure apparatuses installed in a semiconductor manufacturing factory, characterized by comprising the steps of causing a vendor or user of the exposure apparatus to provide a maintenance database connected to an external network of the semiconductor manufacturing factory, permitting access to the maintenance database from the semiconductor manufacturing factory via the external network, and transmitting maintenance information accumulated in the maintenance database to the semiconductor manufacturing factory via the external network.  
         [0037]     The present invention may also be characterized in that any one of the exposure apparatuses further comprises a display, a network interface, and a computer which executes network software, and maintenance information of the exposure apparatus can be communicated via a computer network. It is preferable that the network software provide on the display a user interface for accessing a maintenance database which is provided by a vendor or user of the exposure apparatus and connected to the external network of a factory where the exposure apparatus is installed, and enable obtaining information from the database via the external network.  
         [0038]     Other objects and advantages besides those discussed above shall be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of a preferred embodiment of the invention which follows. In the description, reference is made to accompanying drawings, which form apart thereof, and which illustrate an example of the invention. Such example, however, is not exhaustive of the various embodiments of the invention, and therefore reference is made to the claims which follow the description for determining the scope of the invention. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0039]      FIG. 1  is a view showing the cooling system of an exposure apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0040]      FIG. 2A  is a view showing the cooling system of an exposure apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0041]      FIG. 2B  is a view showing the cooling system of an exposure apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention;.  
         [0042]      FIG. 3  is a view showing the cooling system of an exposure apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0043]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view showing an example of a linear motor as a driving unit used in the exposure apparatus according to the present invention;  
         [0044]      FIG. 5  is a sectional view showing the stator of the linear motor in  FIG. 4 ;  
         [0045]      FIG. 6  is a view showing an example of the linear motor as the driving unit used in the exposure apparatus according to the present invention, and a cooling system for the linear motor;  
         [0046]      FIGS. 7A and 7B  are views schematically showing a temperature adjustment device according to the embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0047]      FIG. 8  is a view showing a conventional cooling system;  
         [0048]      FIG. 9  is a front view showing an exposure apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0049]      FIG. 10  is a conceptual diagram of a semiconductor device production system using the apparatus according to the embodiment, viewed from an angle;  
         [0050]      FIG. 11  is a conceptual diagram of the semiconductor device production system using the apparatus according to the embodiment, viewed from another angle;  
         [0051]      FIG. 12  is a particular example of user interface;  
         [0052]      FIG. 13  is a flowchart showing device fabrication process; and  
         [0053]      FIG. 14  is a flowchart showing a wafer process. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
     First Embodiment  
       [0054]      FIG. 1  is a view showing an example of a cooling system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals as in  FIG. 8  denote the same parts. This embodiment exemplifies the cooling arrangement of an alignment device in an exposure apparatus in correspondence with the prior art shown in  FIG. 8 . In the prior art, a fluorine-based inert coolant is circulated between a driving unit and a temperature adjustment device. In the first embodiment, pure water  3  having undergone one or both of sterilization processing by a UV (UltraViolet) sterilization device  43  and deoxidation processing by a deoxidation device  44  is used as a coolant and circulated through a closed space. A pure water device  42  and the UV sterilization device  43  are inserted in the channel of the circulating pure water  3  in addition to the deoxidation device  44  and a temperature adjustment device  46 . A bypass valve  20  is inserted in a bypass-side channel  7   b,  whereas a water quality sensor  25  is inserted in a channel  7  on the exit side of the temperature adjustment device  46 . The deoxidation device  44  is mainly formed from a deaeration device. In general, the deaeration device deaerates gas dissolved in a coolant to the low-partial-pressure vacuum side through a vacuum deaeration film. This can decrease the dissolved concentrations of almost all gases in addition to oxygen dissolved in the coolant.  
         [0055]     The water quality sensor  25  detects the purity, oxygen concentration, and the like. The purity is detected by measuring the conductivity of pure water. When the water quality reaches a predetermined level or less, a valve controller  28  controls the opening degree of the bypass valve  20  on the basis of the water quality detection result of the water quality sensor  25 . Accordingly, the valve controller  28  controls the flow rate of pure water flowing through the pure water device  42 , UV sterilization device  43 , and deoxidation device  44 . The valve controller  28  also comprises an error output function of stopping the whole apparatus depending on the water quality.  
         [0056]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view showing a linear motor as an example of the driving unit, and  FIG. 5  is a sectional view showing the stator of the linear motor. A linear motor  1  is made up of a rotor B with a magnet  30 , and a stator A with coils  31   a,    31   b,  and  31   c  serving as heating elements. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the stator A incorporates the coils  31   a,    31   b,  and  31   c,  and has a jacket structure with a jacket  34  which surrounds them. A member  35 , members  39   a  and  39   b,  and the like for efficiently bringing the pure water  3  into contact with the coils  31   a,    31   b,  and the like are fixed to the inner surface of the jacket  34 . The pure water  3  directly contacts the coils  31   a,    31   b,  and  31   c  supported by support members  38   a,    38   b,  and  38   c  via members  37 , and efficiently deprives the coils of heat-generated by them.  
         [0057]     Another example of the driving unit is illustrated in  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 6  is a view showing an example of a single-coil linear motor. In this linear motor, permanent magnets  21   a,    21   b,    21   c,  and  21   d  are fixed to the inner surfaces of yokes  22 , and face each other. A coil  23  is supported in a coil support  24  between the permanent magnets  21   a  and  21   b  and the permanent magnets  21   c  and  21   d.  In this linear motor, similar to the linear motor shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , the pure water  3  as a coolant is supplied into the coil support  24 , directly contacts the coil  23 , and radiates heat generated by the coil  23 . A flow rate sensor  26 , temperature sensor  27 , and filter  48  are inserted in the channel  7  in addition to the water quality sensor  25 .  
         [0058]     Outputs from the water quality sensor  25  and flow rate sensor  26  are sent to the valve controller  28 , which controls opening/closing of supply and exhaust valves  16  and  18  and controls the water quality and flow rate of the circulating pure water  3 . An output from the temperature sensor  27  is sent to a controller  14 , which controls the temperature adjustment device  46  via a cooling control means  4  and controls the temperature or flow rate of the pure water  3 . The flow rate sensor  26 , temperature sensor  27 , and filter  48  can also be applied to the first embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 .  
         [0059]     It is generally known that deoxidation processing performed for a coolant by a deoxidation device prevents rust of a metal in contact with the coolant. From the reaction formula describing rusting of a metal: 
 
Fe+(½)O 2 +7H 2 O=Fe(H 2 O) 6   2+ +2OH − 
 
 necessary conditions of rusting a metal are the following three: {circle over (1)} water exists on the surface of iron, {circle over (2)} oxygen is dissolved in water, and {circle over (3)} ionization of iron and reduction of oxygen in electrically equal part to it occur simultaneously. This also applies to other metals. Hence, when water is used as a coolant, removal of oxygen dissolved in water can prevent formation of any rust in principle. As for {circle over (3)}, if a strong electrolytic salt such as NaCl is dissolved in a coolant, the salt mediates ionization. In this case, ionization of iron (rust of iron) need not occur at the same time as ionization of oxygen, which eliminates any conditional restrictions. Hence, rust can be suppressed much more than a usual state by removing an electrolytic salt in a coolant. It is also known that chloride ions or sulfate ions are related to the growth of rust. In terms of rust prevention, distilled water from which any electrolytic salt is removed or pure water having passed through an ion-exchange filter or the like is preferable. 
 
         [0060]     As a method of sterilizing a coolant, a simple method of adding a preservative to the coolant is generally employed and it has a great-effect. However, the use of this method in the exposure apparatus poses a problem due to the following reasons. 
    1. The preservative often contains a component undesirable to a manufacturing process in a semiconductor factory.     2. If pure water is used to give a coolant an insulating property, the insulating property is degraded by an additive such as a preservative.     3. In order to maintain the sterilization effect, a sample must be periodically checked, increasing the maintenance burden.    
 
         [0064]     For these reasons, the exposure apparatus adopts, as a sterilization method, sterilization by a so-called UV sterilization device which sterilizes a coolant by ultraviolet radiation. No additive needs to be added to the coolant, and the process in the semiconductor factory is not adversely affected. Especially when pure water is used to ensure an insulating property in a coolant, like the first embodiment, the coolant can be sterilized without degrading the insulating property of pure water (resistivity of pure water) by addition to pure water. In the use of the UV sterilization device, maintenance suffices to be performed at the apparatus level (exchange of an ultraviolet lamp or the like). The maintenance cycle and method are clear, thus reducing the maintenance burden.  
         [0065]     With the use of pure water as a coolant, a contaminant undesirable in the semiconductor factory can be recovered within the pure water device. Even if the coolant leaks outside the apparatus, contamination of the semiconductor factory can be prevented. If contaminants are at negligible level for the factory, but the coolant leaking from a pipe or the like attaches to a precision surface plate or the like, the coolant volatilizes to leave the additive component on the surface of the precision surface-plate. The additive component may influence the surface precision of the surface plate. However, distilled or pure water used as a coolant does not leave any residue even if the coolant leaks and volatilizes in the apparatus. Hence, the coolant does not influence the precision of the surface plate.  
         [0066]     The rust prevention effect is given by deoxidation processing in consideration of contamination of a coolant in the use of a generally used rust preventive. Rust preventives are roughly classified into two types: rust preventives containing metal salts and rust preventives containing amine-based salts. These salts are, however, unpreferable in the manufacturing process in the semiconductor factory, as described above. For example, deposition of a metal salt on a wafer decreases the yield. An amine-based salt adversely affects a resist. Since a coolant circulates through a closed system, no problem arises unless an accident such as leakage of the coolant occurs. In consideration of emergency, sometimes it is not preferred to add such contaminant for the rust prevention effect in terms of the reliability of the apparatus. Since the coolant is distilled or pure water from which an organic matter as a feed of bacteria in the coolant is removed, breeding of bacteria can be suppressed to a certain degree. In addition, performing deoxidation processing for the coolant is very effective for bacteria which require oxygen to live. As a result, any device for sterilization processing or the like can be omitted or the apparatus can be downsized.  
         [0067]     As for the maintenance, deoxidation processing has a merit in comparison with a method using an additive. In many cases, the exposure apparatus operates for 24 hours, and it is desirable in terms of the reliability to constantly check whether the rust prevention effect has been maintained. The method using deoxidation processing can check the system by using a general measurement device such as a dissolved oxygen analyzer. The method using an additive generally requires a periodic sample check, which increases the maintenance burden.  
         [0068]     For this reason, UV sterilization processing is done to remove dissolved oxygen, and distilled or pure water free from any contaminant is circulated. This is very suitable for cooling in the exposure apparatus which operates in the semiconductor factory. In this case, the gist of the present invention can be achieved without particularly arranging the pure water device  42  as far as the coolant channel is satisfactorily cleaned and distilled or pure water free from any contaminant is used from the beginning.  
         [0069]     If the coolant contacts oxygen after deoxidation processing by the deoxidation device  44 , the coolant dissolves in oxygen to increase the dissolved oxygen amount even upon deoxidation processing. Many general temperature adjustment devices comprise vessels for storing a predetermined amount of coolant in order to maintain the temperature at high precision. At this portion, a port for supplying or exhausting the coolant is often connected, and the coolant generally contacts air. In a conventional temperature adjustment device, oxygen in air within the vessel undesirably dissolves in the coolant. In the temperature adjustment device  46  according to the present invention, as shown in  FIG. 7A , a gas space within a vessel  51  is purged with nitrogen to prevent the coolant from contacting oxygen. Instead of purging the space within the vessel  51 , as shown in  FIG. 7B , nitrogen may be forcibly blown and dissolved in the coolant in the vessel  51  via a blow pipe  52 , and the partial pressure of the coolant with respect to gas may be increased to inhibit dissolution of oxygen. The gist of the present invention can also be achieved by not forming any gas space within the vessel  51 , or by devising the shape of the vessel  51  to decrease a portion which comes into contact with gas. Positively adopting the arrangement in  FIG. 7A  or  7 B will provide the deoxidation processing effect. For example, the contact area is increased such that the coolant in the vessel positively contacts purge gas (made of inert gas which has a partial oxygen pressure of almost 0 and is hard to dissolve in water). Alternatively, the coolant is stirred and bubbled (bubbling) to decrease the amount of oxygen dissolved in the coolant. This is based on the principle that the amount of gas dissolved in liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of contact gas, and that the coolant is brought into contact with gas having a partial oxygen pressure of almost 0 to decrease the amount of oxygen dissolved in the coolant to 0. With this effect, the temperature adjustment device may be controlled to function as a deoxidation device without the mediacy of any deaeration device.  
       Second Embodiment  
       [0070]      FIG. 2A  is a view showing an example of a cooling system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals as in  FIG. 1  denote the same parts. In the second embodiment, a supply valve  16  is opened to always slightly supply pure water supplied from a factory via a supply pipe  17 , and an exhaust valve  18  is opened to exhaust and exchange circulating pure water  3  via an exhaust pipe  19  in order to maintain the level of the circulating pure water  3 , easily suppress degradation (decay) of the pure water  3  or the like, and keep the dissolved oxygen amount at a low level. In general, a semiconductor factory manufactures a large amount of pure water having undergone deoxidation processing at high level (high resistivity) in order to use pure water for wafer cleaning or the like. In the semiconductor factory, therefore, the unit cost of pure water is much lower than that of generally acquired pure water. As one method of maintaining pure water with a small dissolved oxygen amount, a circulating coolant is diluted with a proper amount of pure water with a small dissolved oxygen amount or high level (high resistivity) pure water at a proper timing. In this case, a deoxidation device  44  or pure water device  42  can be greatly downsized or omitted. The factory may always supply a predetermined amount of pure water or may supply a predetermined amount of pure water every predetermined time. Alternatively, the factory may supply pure water after the water quality reaches a given criterion or less. In any case, the gist of the present invention can be achieved. When the factory supplies a predetermined amount of high-level pure water every time, every predetermined time, or after the water quality reaches a predetermined criterion or less, decay of pure water can also be prevented. As a result, a means for preventing decay (e.g., adding a preservative or using a sterilization device such as an UV filter) can be omitted or downsized.  
         [0071]     To supply high-level pure water from the factory when the water quality reaches a predetermined criterion or less, the flow rate of pure water supplied from the factory can be controlled by controlling the opening degree of a flow rate sensor  26  by a valve controller  28  on the basis of the water quality detection result of a water quality sensor  25  which detects the water quality in a channel  7 . The water quality sensor  25  detects the purity, oxygen concentration, and the like. The purity is detected by measuring the conductivity of pure water. The second embodiment adopts a bypass valve  20  which opens/closes a bypass-side channel  7   b  which does not pass through the deoxidation device  44 . The flow rate of pure water flowing through the pure water device  42 , UV sterilization device  43 , and deoxidation device  44  can also be controlled by controlling the bypass valve  20  by the valve controller  28  on the basis of the water quality detection result of the water quality sensor  25 . In this embodiment, similar to the arrangement shown in  FIG. 6 , a flow rate sensor  26 , temperature sensor  27 , and filter  48  may be inserted in the channel  7  in addition to the water quality sensor  25 .  
       Third Embodiment  
       [0072]      FIG. 2B  is a view showing an example of a cooling system according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In  FIG. 2B , the same reference numerals as in  FIG. 8  denote the same parts.  
         [0073]     Implementation of the cooling systems shown in the structural views of  FIGS. 1 and 2 A requires a large-size pure water device  42 , UV sterilization device (UV filter)  43 , and deoxidation device  44  in order to maintain the water quality of circulating pure water. The results of further examination revealed that simply circulating pure water in the arrangement as shown in  FIG. 1  or  2 A requires an apparatus almost twice as large as a conventional one. In order to minimize the sizes of various devices which maintain the water quality of pure water used for temperature adjustment, pure water is supplied from a semiconductor factory which has large amounts of high-level pure water and deaerated pure water, thereby downsizing the apparatus. That is, the use of pure water with high water quality can decrease the burden on various devices and downsize them.  FIG. 2B  shows this arrangement.  
         [0074]     In the cooling system shown in  FIG. 2B , a supply valve  16  is opened to always slightly supply pure water supplied from a factory via a supply pipe  17 , and an exhaust valve  18  is opened to exhaust and exchange circulating pure water  3  via an exhaust pipe  19  in order to maintain the resistivity of the circulating pure water  3  and easily suppress degradation (decay) of pure water  3  or the like. In general, a semiconductor factory manufactures a large amount of high-level (high-resistivity) pure water in order to use pure water for cleaning of a wafer serving as a substrate. At the same time, the semiconductor factory manufactures a large amount of pure water from which dissolved oxygen is reduced by the deoxidation device  44  in order to prevent formation of any oxide film on a wafer. In the semiconductor factory, the unit cost of pure water (deaerated pure water) is much lower than that of generally acquired pure water. As one method of maintaining pure water, a circulating pure water coolant is diluted with a proper amount of high-level (high-resistivity) pure water at a proper timing. In the cooling system of  FIG. 2B , the pure water device  42  can be made much compact than those in the arrangements of  FIGS. 1 and 2 A, or can also be omitted. If pure water supplied from the factory is deaerated pure water, the deaeration (deoxidation) device  44  in the exposure apparatus can be greatly downsized or omitted. The factory may supply a predetermined amount of pure water every time, every predetermined time, or after the water quality of circulating pure water reaches a predetermined criterion or less.  
         [0075]     Moreover, decay of pure water can also be prevented when the factory supplies a predetermined amount of high-level pure water every time, every predetermined time, or after the water quality detected by a water quality sensor  25  which is connected to the exit of a temperature adjustment device  46  and detects the water quality in a channel  7  reaches a predetermined criterion or less. A means for preventing decay (e.g., adding a preservative or using a sterilization device such as an UV sterilization device  43 ) can be omitted or downsized.  
         [0076]     The third embodiment also employs a bypass valve  20  which opens/closes a bypass-side channel  7   b  which does not pass through the pure water device  42 . A valve controller  28  controls the bypass valve  20  on the basis of the water quality detection result of the water quality sensor  25 . The valve controller  28  can, therefore, control the flow rate of pure water flowing through the pure water device  42  and deoxidation device  44 . The water quality sensor  25  detects the purity, oxygen concentration, and the like. The purity is detected by measuring the conductivity of pure water. When the factory supplies high-level pure water after the water quality of circulating pure water reaches a predetermined criterion or less, the valve controller  28  can also control the flow rate of pure water supplied from the factory by controlling the opening degree of the supply valve  16  on the basis of the water quality detection result of the water quality sensor  25 .  
         [0077]     In general, when pure water is circulated, the resistivity gradually decreases due to ions eluted from a material which forms a coolant channel such as a pipe. A wire which forms a coil is prepared by covering a copper wire with an insulating layer of polyimide or the like. The JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) standard recognizes the presence of so-called pinholes on the copper wire that are small holes not covered with the insulating layer. This means that a short circuit may occur between these pinholes via a coolant for a low coolant resistivity. Even at a portion coated with the insulating layer, the dielectric breakdown voltage of the wire depends on the material (air or a coolant) in contact with the wire. From this, the dielectric breakdown voltage can be kept high when the coolant is air or an inert coolant with a high insulating property, but becomes low when the insulating property, i.e., resistivity of the coolant is low. In an arrangement in which the coolant directly contacts the coil, the resistivity of the coolant must be maintained at a predetermined value or more. In order to maintain the resistivity of a pure water coolant at a predetermined value or more, the third embodiment adopts the pure water device  42  which can ensure the resistivity for a long term. By arranging the pure water device for the coil, even a contaminant unwanted in the semiconductor factory can be recovered within the pure water device. In case of coolant leakage, contamination of the semiconductor factory can be prevented.  
         [0078]     In this embodiment, only part of circulating pure water flows through the pure water device. The flow rate of pure water which flows through the pure water device is determined in accordance with the level (resistivity) of pure water and the processability of the pure water device. Depending on the arrangement, all of pure water may flow through the pure water device.  
       Fourth Embodiment  
       [0079]      FIG. 3  is a view showing an example of a cooling system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The third embodiment is an improvement of the second embodiment. All of pure water with a small dissolved oxygen amount is supplied from a factory, and this coolant undergoes temperature adjustment. Pure water  3  is supplied to an object subjected to temperature adjustment to recover generated heat. The pure water  3  is returned as waste water to the factory or reused as low-level pure water. In this case, pure water at a predetermined criterion or more is supplied from the factory. A deoxidation device  44  and pure water device can be omitted or greatly downsized. If pure water supplied from the factory is deaerated (deoxidized) pure water, the deoxidation device  44  in the exposure apparatus can be omitted or greatly downsized. Similar to the second embodiment, no attention needs to be paid to degradation (decay) of the coolant, and thus a means for preventing delay can be omitted or further downsized. Accordingly, the overall exposure apparatus can become very compact.  
       Fifth Embodiment  
       [0080]     The fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described by exemplifying a scanning exposure apparatus.  FIG. 9  is a front view showing the main structure of the scanning exposure apparatus according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In  FIG. 9 , a lens barrel surface plate  96  is supported on a floor or base  91  via a damper  98 . The lens barrel surface plate  96  supports a reticle stage surface plate  94 , and a projection optical system  97  interposed between a reticle stage  95  and a wafer stage  93 .  
         [0081]     The wafer stage  93  is supported on a stage surface plate  92  supported on the floor or base  91  via a plurality of mounts  90 . The wafer stage  93  supports a wafer serving as a substrate, holds it by a chuck (not shown), and aligns it. The reticle stage  95  is supported on the reticle stage surface plate  94  supported on the lens barrel surface plate  96 . The reticle stage  95  can move with holding a reticle serving as a master which bears a circuit pattern. Exposure light which transfers the pattern of the reticle on the reticle stage  95  to the wafer on the wafer stage  93  is emitted by an illumination optical system  99 .  
         [0082]     The wafer stage  93  is scanned in synchronism with the reticle stage  95 . During scanning of the reticle stage  95  and wafer stage  93 , their positions are continuously detected by interferometers and fed back to the driving units of the reticle stage  95  and wafer stage  93 . With this operation, the scanning start positions of the reticle stage  95  and wafer stage  93  can be accurately synchronized, and the scanning speed in a constant-speed scanning region can be controlled at high precision. While the wafer stage  93  and reticle stage  95  are scanned with respect to the projection optical system  97 , the wafer is exposed to a reticle pattern, transferring the circuit pattern.  
         [0083]     The circulation system of the cooling system according to the present invention can be applied to any fluid of a cooling device for cooling the projection optical system  97 , reticle stage  95 , wafer stage  93 , mount  90 , chuck, and the like in the exposure apparatus.  
       Embodiment of Semiconductor Production System  
       [0084]     Next, an example of semiconductor device (semiconductor chip of IC, LSI or the like, a liquid crystal panel, a CCD, a thin film magnetic head, a micromachine etc.) production system using the apparatus of the present invention will be described. The system performs maintenance services such as trouble shooting, periodical maintenance or software delivery for fabrication apparatuses installed in a semiconductor manufacturing factory, by utilizing a computer network outside the fabrication factory.  
         [0085]      FIG. 10  shows the entire system cut out from an angle. In the figure, numeral  1101  denotes the office of a vendor (apparatus maker) of semiconductor device fabrication apparatuses. As the semiconductor fabrication apparatuses, apparatuses in the semiconductor fabrication factory for various processes such as preprocess apparatuses (lithography apparatuses including an exposure apparatus, a resist processing apparatus and an etching apparatus, a heat processing apparatus, a film forming apparatus, a smoothing apparatus and the like) and postprocess apparatuses (an assembly apparatus, an inspection apparatus and the like) are used. The office  1101  has a host management system  1108  to provide a maintenance database for the fabrication apparatus, plural operation terminal computers  1110 , and a local area network (LAN)  1109  connecting them to construct an Intranet or the like. The host management system  1108  has a gateway for connection between the LAN  1109  and the Internet  1105  as an external network and a security function to limit access from the outside.  
         [0086]     On the other hand, numerals  1102  to  1104  denote fabrication factories of semiconductor makers as users of the fabrication apparatuses. The fabrication factories  1102  to  1104  may belong to different makers or may belong to the same maker (e.g., preprocess factories and postprocess factories). The respective factories  1102  to  1104  are provided with plural fabrication apparatuses  1106 , a local area network (LAN)  1111  connecting the apparatuses to construct an Intranet or the like, and a host management system  1107  as a monitoring apparatus to monitor operating statuses of the respective fabrication apparatuses  1106 . The host management system  1107  provided in the respective factories  1102  to  1104  has a gateway for connection between the LAN  1111  and the Internet  1105  as the external network. In this arrangement, the host management system  1108  on the vendor side can be accessed from the LAN  1111  in the respective factories via the Internet  1105 , and only limited user(s) can access the system by the security function of the host management system  1108 . More particularly, status information indicating the operating statuses of the respective fabrication apparatuses  1106  (e.g. problem of fabrication apparatus having trouble) is notified from the factory side to the vendor side via the Internet  1105 , and maintenance information such as response information to the notification (e.g. information indicating measure against the trouble, or remedy software or data), latest software, help information and the like is received from the vendor side via the Internet. The data communication between the respective factories  1102  to  1104  and the vendor  1101  and data communication in the LAN  1111  of the respective factories are performed by using a general communication protocol (TCP/IP). Note that as the external network, a private-line network (ISDN or the like) with high security against access from outsiders may be used in place of the Internet.  
         [0087]     Further, the host management system is not limited to that provided by the vendor, but a database constructed by the user may be provided on the external network, to provide the plural user factories with access to the database.  
         [0088]      FIG. 11  is a conceptual diagram showing the entire system of the present embodiment cut out from another angle different from that in  FIG. 10 . In the above example, the plural user factories respectively having fabrication apparatuses and the management system of the apparatus vendor are connected via the external network, and data communication is performed for production management for the respective factories and transmission of information on at least one fabrication apparatus. In this example, a factory having fabrication apparatuses of plural vendors is connected with management systems of the respective vendors of the fabrication apparatuses via the external network, and data communication is performed for transmission of maintenance information for the respective fabrication apparatuses. In the figure, numeral  1201  denotes a fabrication factory of fabrication apparatus user (semiconductor device maker). In the factory fabrication line, fabrication apparatuses for various processes, an exposure apparatus  1202 , a resist processing apparatus  1203  and a film forming apparatus  1204 , are used. Note that  FIG. 11  shows only the fabrication factory  1201 , however, actually plural factories construct the network. The respective apparatuses of the factory are connected with each other by a LAN  1206  to construct an Intranet, and a host management system  1205  performs operation management of the fabrication line.  
         [0089]     On the other hand, the respective offices of vendors (apparatus makers), an exposure apparatus maker  1210 , a resist processing apparatus maker  1220 , a film forming apparatus maker  1230  have host management systems  1211 ,  1221  and  1231  for remote maintenance for, the apparatuses, and as described above, the systems have the maintenance database and the gateway for connection to the external network. The host management system  1205  for management of the respective apparatuses in the user fabrication factory is connected with the respective vendor management systems  1211 ,  1221  and  1231  via the Internet or private-line network as an external network  1200 . In this system, if one of the fabrication apparatuses of the fabrication line has a trouble, the operation of the fabrication line is stopped. However, the trouble can be quickly removed by receiving the remote maintenance service from the vendor of the apparatus via the Internet  1200 , thus the stoppage of the fabrication line can be minimized.  
         [0090]     The respective fabrication apparatuses installed in the semiconductor fabrication factory have a display, a network interface and a computer to execute network access software stored in a memory and device operation software. As a memory, an internal memory, a hard disk or a network file server may be used. The network access software, including a specialized or general web browser, provides a user interface screen image as shown in  FIG. 12  on the display. An operator who manages the fabrication apparatuses in the factory checks the screen image and inputs information of the fabrication apparatus, a model  1401 , a serial number  1402 , a trouble case name  1403 , a date of occurrence of trouble  1404 , an emergency level  1405 , a problem  1406 , a remedy  1407  and a progress  1408 , into input fields on the screen image. The input information is transmitted to the maintenance database via the Internet, and appropriate maintenance information as a result is returned from the maintenance database and provided on the display. Further, the user interface provided by the web browser realizes hyper link functions  1410  to  1412  as shown in the figure, and the operator accesses more detailed information of the respective items, downloads latest version software to be used in the fabrication apparatus from a software library presented by the vendor, and downloads operation guidance (help information) for the operator&#39;s reference. The maintenance information provided from the maintenance database includes the information on the above-described present invention, and the software library provides latest version software to realize the present invention.  
         [0091]     Next, a semiconductor device fabrication process utilizing the above-described production system will be described.  FIG. 13  shows a flow of the entire semiconductor fabrication process. At step S 1  (circuit designing), a circuit designing of the semiconductor device is performed. At step S 2  (mask fabrication), a mask where the designed circuit pattern is formed is fabricated. On the other hand, at step S 3  (wafer fabrication), a wafer is fabricated using silicon or the like. At step S 4  (wafer process) called preprocess, the above mask and wafer are used. An actual circuit is formed on the wafer by lithography. At step S 5  (assembly) called postprocess, a semiconductor chip is formed by using the wafer at step S 4 . The postprocess includes processing such as an assembly process (dicing and bonding) and a packaging process (chip sealing). At step S 6  (inspection), inspections such as an operation test and a durability test are performed on the semiconductor device assembled at step S 5 . The semiconductor device is completed through these processes, and it is shipped (step S 7 ). The preprocess and the postprocess are independently performed in specialized factories, and maintenance is made for these factories by the above-described remote maintenance system. Further, data communication is performed for production management and/or apparatus maintenance between the preprocess factory and the postprocess factory via the Internet or private-line network.  
         [0092]      FIG. 14  shows a more detailed flow of the wafer process. At step S 11  (oxidation), the surface of the wafer is oxidized. At step S 12  (CVD), an insulating film is formed on the surface of the wafer. At step S 13  (electrode formation), electrodes are formed by vapor deposition on the wafer. At step S 14  (ion implantation), ions are injected into the wafer. At step S 15  (resist processing), the wafer is coated with photoresist. At step S 16  (exposure), the above-described exposure apparatus exposure-transfers the circuit pattern of the mask onto the wafer. At step S 17  (development), the exposed wafer is developed. At step S 18  (etching), portions other than the resist image are etched. At step S 19  (resist stripping), the resist unnecessary after the etching is removed. These steps are repeated, thereby multiple circuit patterns are formed on the wafer. As maintenance is performed on the fabrication apparatuses used in the respective steps by the above-described remote maintenance system, trouble is prevented, and even if it occurs, quick recovery can be made. In comparison with the conventional art, the productivity of the semiconductor device can be improved.  
         [0093]     The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and various changes and modifications can be made within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, to appraise the public of the scope of the present invention, the following claims are made.