Abstract:
A molded chair assembly includes a molded chair shell and a plurality of legs coupled to the molded chair shell. The molded chair shell further includes a plurality of individual and separate integrated hollow support members extending along the molded chair shell and providing the same with increased durability and stability, while maintaining flexibility. The integrated hollow support members may be formed in a gas assist injection molding process conducted in association with an injection molding process to form the molded chair shell.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    The present disclosure relates in general to molded chairs, and more particularly, to a molded chair having support members integral to the seat base and back support. 
         [0002]    Molded chairs are well known in the art. However, certain problems exist with many molded chair designs. When a user sits in a chair, the user typically exerts forces on the seat base and the back support portion. Accordingly, molded chair designs that are not properly designed to withstand such forces lack stability and durability, and eventually fail due to overstress or fatigue. Conversely, molded chair designs that are designed to maintain durability are generally cumbersome and heavy, and often times require additional, non-integral structural components that add additional weight. Accordingly, there is a need for a lightweight molded chair that possesses stability, durability, flexibility, as well as aesthetic and ergonomic utility. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0003]    Various aspects of the disclosure relate to chairs, seating systems, and associated methods of manufacture and use. A molded chair, according to some embodiments, includes a seat portion configured to accommodate a seated user, a back portion configured to support a back of the seated user, and a transition portion located between the seat portion and the back portion. The seat portion, the back portion, and the transition portion are integrally formed. The transition portion includes a first support member located at a first side of the transition portion and a second support member located at a second side of the transition portion opposite the first side. The first support member forms a first hollow enclosure and the second support member forms a second hollow enclosure. 
         [0004]    While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which shows and describes illustrative embodiments by way of example. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0005]      FIG. 1  is a front perspective view of the molded chair, according to some embodiments. 
           [0006]      FIG. 2  a back perspective view of the molded chair illustrated in  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
           [0007]      FIG. 3  is a front view of the molded chair illustrated in  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
           [0008]      FIG. 4  is a back view of the molded chair illustrated in  FIG. 1  and illustrating the integral support members on each side of the chair, according to some embodiments. 
           [0009]      FIGS. 5 and 6  are each side views of the molded chair illustrated in  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
           [0010]      FIG. 7  is a top view of the molded chair illustrated in  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
           [0011]      FIG. 8  is a bottom view of the molded chair illustrated in  FIG. 1 , according to some embodiments. 
           [0012]      FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 5 , illustrating a plurality of integrated hollow support members, according to some embodiments. 
           [0013]      FIG. 10  is a detailed view of what is illustrated in  FIG. 9 , according to some embodiments. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0014]    According to some embodiments, the chair assembly ( 10 ) includes a molded chair shell ( 20 ) and a plurality of chair legs ( 30 ), as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . In some embodiments, the molded chair shell ( 20 ) is a single piece of molded material and includes a seat bottom portion ( 22 ), a seat back portion ( 24 ) and a transition portion ( 26 ), wherein the seat bottom portion ( 22 ), the seat back portion ( 24 ) and the transition portion ( 26 ) are integrally formed. Accordingly, the molded chair shell ( 20 ) provides a bottom support upon which a user can sit, and a back support for supporting the user&#39;s back and a transition area connecting the bottom support with the back support. 
         [0015]    In some embodiments, the molded chair shell ( 20 ) is comprised of an injection moldable polymer material such as polypropylene, polycarbonate, nylon, or any other suitable injection moldable polymer material. However, any suitable injection moldable material is envisioned and can be used without departing from the spirit or scope of the molded chair assembly ( 10 ) disclosed herein. Generally, molded chair shell ( 20 ) is formed in an injection molding process, although a variety of manufacturing methods are contemplated. In some embodiments, the chair legs ( 30 ) are comprised of a polymer material such as those discussed above, a metal material such as steel or aluminum, or any other material suitable for forming the plurality of chair legs ( 30 ). 
         [0016]    In various embodiments, the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) of the molded chair shell ( 20 ) lies generally in the horizontal plane, and may be any size and shape suitable for providing a surface upon which a user may be seated. In some embodiments, the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) includes a top side ( 22   a ), a bottom side ( 22   b ), and a peripheral edge ( 22   c ). In some embodiments, the top side ( 22   a ) is relatively smooth and continuous such that it provides a comfortable seating surface for a user. In some embodiments, the top side ( 22   a ) has a contoured shape that is generally concaved and continuous. In one such embodiment, the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) takes on a contour similar to that of the top side ( 22   a ). For example, as illustrated in  FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 , the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) takes on a contour similar to the concaved contour of the top side ( 22   a ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). In some embodiments, the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) is of a generally uniform thickness across its entire surface area. In another embodiment, the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) has a differing thickness across its surface area. For example, the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) has a first thickness across a central area and a second different thickness around its periphery. By varying the thickness across the seat bottom portion ( 22 ), the molded chair shell ( 20 ) can be light weight while maintaining durability, stability, and strength. 
         [0017]    In various embodiments, a peripheral edge  22   c  provides for a transition between the top side ( 22   a ) and the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). In some embodiments, the peripheral edge  22   c  of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) has rounded corners, as is illustrated in  FIG. 7 . In certain embodiments, as discussed in greater detail below, one or more support members are incorporated into (or are otherwise integrally formed with), and/or extend along a portion of the peripheral edge  22   c.    
         [0018]    In some embodiments, the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) tapers on one end. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , at its junction with the transition portion ( 26 ), the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) tapers to a more narrow width. By narrowing the width of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) in designated areas by eliminating excess material, the overall weight of the molded chair assembly ( 10 ) can be reduced without compromising its structural integrity. However, while the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) generally tapers on one end, the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) need not taper on any end. 
         [0019]    In some embodiments, the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) is configured to receive a plurality of chair legs ( 30 ). For example, as is illustrated in  FIG. 8 , a plurality of chair legs ( 30 ) are fastened to the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) of the molded chair shell ( 20 ). In some embodiments, the plurality of chair legs ( 30 ) are fastened to the bottom side ( 22   b ) via one or more brackets. In one such embodiment, the brackets are integrated into the molded chair shell ( 20 ). In other words, the brackets themselves are part of the construction of the molded chair shell ( 20 ). In another embodiment, one or more brackets are fastened to the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ), and the plurality of chair legs ( 30 ) are fastened to the brackets. It should be appreciated that any suitable configuration for fastening the plurality of chair legs ( 30 ) to the molded chair shell ( 20 ) is envisioned and can be implemented without departing from the spirit or scope of disclosed molded chair assembly ( 10 ). 
         [0020]    As mentioned above, the molded chair shell ( 20 ) also comprises a seat back portion ( 24 ). In some embodiments, the seat back portion ( 24 ) lies generally in the vertical plane and may be any size and shape suitable for supporting a seated user&#39;s back. In some embodiments, the seat back portion ( 24 ) includes a front side ( 24   a ), a back side ( 24   b ), and a peripheral edge ( 24   c ). In some embodiments, the front side ( 24   a ) is relatively smooth and continuous such that it provides a comfortable surface and adequately supports the back of a seated user. In some embodiments, the front side ( 24   a ) has a contoured shape that is generally concaved and continuous. In one such embodiment, the back side ( 24   b ) of the seat back portion ( 24 ) takes on a contour similar to that of the front side ( 24   a ). For example, as illustrated in  FIGS. 1, 2, 5, and 6 , the back side ( 24   b ) of the seat back portion ( 24 ) takes on a contour similar to the concaved contour of the front side ( 24   a ) of the seat back portion ( 24 ). In some embodiments, the seat back portion ( 24 ) is of a generally uniform thickness across its entire surface area. In other embodiments, the seat back portion ( 24 ) has a differing thickness across its surface area. For example, the seat back portion ( 24 ) optionally has a first thickness across a central area and a second different thickness around its periphery. By varying the thickness across the seat back portion ( 24 ), the molded chair shell ( 20 ) can be light weight while maintaining durability, stability, and strength. 
         [0021]    In various embodiments, a peripheral edge  24   c  provides for a transition between the front side ( 24   a ) and the back side ( 24   b ) of the seat back portion ( 24 ). In some embodiments, the peripheral edge  24   c  has rounded corners, as is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . In certain embodiments, as discussed in greater detail below, one or more support members are incorporated into, and/or extend along a portion of the peripheral edge  24   c . Additionally, or alternatively, the seat back portion includes one or more apertures, which function as a lifting handle for lifting the molded chair assembly ( 10 ). For example, as is illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 4 , an aperture ( 28 ) is located in the seat back portion ( 24 ) of the molded chair shell ( 20 ) and extends through seat back portion ( 24 ) from the front side ( 24   a ) to the back side ( 24   b ). In this illustrated example, the aperture ( 28 ) is located in a top portion of seat back portion ( 24 ), however, in various alternative embodiments, apertures may be located at any suitable location of the molded chair shell ( 20 ). 
         [0022]    In some embodiments, the seat back portion ( 24 ) tapers on one end. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 3 , at its junction with the transition portion ( 26 ), the seat back portion ( 24 ) tapers to a more narrow width. By narrowing the width of the seat back portion ( 24 ) in designated areas by eliminating excess material, the overall weight of the molded chair assembly ( 10 ) can be reduced without compromising its structural integrity. However, while the seat back portion ( 24 ) generally tapers on one end, the seat back portion ( 24 ) need not taper on any end, or in the alternative, the width of the seat back portion ( 24 ) may expand at one or more designated areas. 
         [0023]    In various embodiments, the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) is connected to the seat back portion ( 24 ) via a transition portion ( 26 ). For example, as illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 6  transition portion ( 26 ) comprises a curvature such that the molded chair shell ( 20 ) smoothly and comfortably transitions from the seat back portion ( 24 ) (which lies generally in the vertical plane) to the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) (which lies generally in the horizontal plane). Accordingly, in various embodiments, the transition portion ( 26 ) provides for a designated angular relationship between the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) and the seat back portion ( 24 ). For example, the transition portion ( 26 ) provides that the angle between the seat back portion ( 24 ) and the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) may be any desired angle. Additionally, as discussed further below, in some embodiments, the transition portion ( 26 ), in combination with one or more integrated hollow support members ( 40 ), flexes to permit the seat back portion ( 24 ) to alter its angular position (or otherwise recline) relative to the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) and thus temporarily change its angular relationship relative to the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). 
         [0024]    In some embodiments, the transition portion ( 26 ) includes a front side ( 26   a ), a back side ( 26   b ), and a plurality of edges ( 26   c ). In some embodiments, the transition portion ( 26 ) is of a size and shape suitable to properly join the seat back portion ( 24 ) with the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). Specifically, in some embodiments, the front side ( 26   a ) adopts a smooth and continuous curvature such that a transition from the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) to the seat back portion ( 24 ) is smooth and continuous. In some embodiments, the plurality of edges ( 26   c ) facilitate a transition from seat back portion peripheral edge ( 24   c ) to seat bottom portion peripheral edge ( 22   c ), such that the molded chair shell ( 20 ) has a continuous peripheral edge. 
         [0025]    In some embodiments, where the transition portion ( 26 ) joins to (or otherwise connects or interfaces with) the seat back portion ( 24 ), the transition portion ( 26 ) conforms to the shape, size, and thickness of the seat back portion ( 24 ). Specifically, the transition portion ( 26 ) takes on (or otherwise conforms to) the shape of the seat back portion ( 24 ) at the joining area such that the transition from the seat back portion ( 24 ) to the transition portion ( 26 ) is smooth and continuous. Similarly, the transition portion ( 26 ) takes on (or otherwise conforms to) the shape of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) at the joining area such that the transition from the transition portion ( 26 ) to the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) is smooth and continuous. 
         [0026]    In various embodiments, the transition portion ( 26 ) is curved from a generally horizontal plane to a generally vertical plane. For example, as illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the transition portion ( 26 ) is generally curved and connects the seat back portion ( 24 ) of the molded chair shell ( 20 ), which lies in a generally vertical plane, to the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) of the molded chair shell ( 20 ), which lies in a generally horizontal plane. 
         [0027]    Accordingly, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the front side ( 24   a ) of the seat back portion ( 24 ), the front side ( 26   a ) of the transition portion ( 26 ), and the top side ( 22   a ) of the seat bottom portion, together, form a generally smooth and continuous surface on a front side of the molded chair shell ( 20 ) suitable for providing a user with a comfortable seating surface. Similarly, in some embodiments, the back side ( 24   b ) of the seat back portion ( 24 ), the back side ( 26   b ) of the transition portion ( 26 ), and the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion, together, form a generally smooth and continuous surface on a back side of the molded chair shell ( 20 ). 
         [0028]    Referring now to  FIG. 2 , in various embodiments, the molded chair shell ( 20 ) includes one or more integrated hollow support members ( 40 ). Each integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) provides for added durability, stability, and strength, while enabling the molded chair shell ( 20 ) to flex, as discussed in greater detail below. Generally, the integrated hollow support members ( 40 ) are formed using a gas assisted injection process wherein nitrogen, or another suitable gas, is injected into a mold cavity configured to form the molded chair shell ( 20 ). Specifically, the gas assisted injection process occurs concurrently with the formation of the molded chair shell ( 20 ) during the above-discussed injection molding process. 
         [0029]    In some embodiments, each integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) comprises a designated length and a plurality of terminating ends. In one such embodiment, the designated length is such that the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends outwardly along the transition portion ( 26 ). That is, each end of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) terminates along the transition portion ( 26 ). In some embodiments, as discussed in greater detail below, the integrated hollow support member tapers towards its termination ends such that it terminates into transition portion ( 26 ). 
         [0030]    In another embodiment, the designated length is such that the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends outwardly along the transition portion ( 26 ), the seat back portion ( 24 ), and the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). In some embodiments, the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) takes on an S-shape (or an otherwise curved shape) as it extends along the transition portion ( 26 ), the seat back portion ( 24 ), and the seat bottom ( 22 ), as is illustrated in  FIGS. 4 and 8 . Specifically, from the transition portion ( 26 ), the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends both upwardly toward a top section of the seat back portion ( 24 ) and forwardly toward a front section of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). In some embodiments, a first end of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) terminates along the seat back portion ( 24 ), and a second, different end of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) terminates along the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). In another embodiment, the first end of the support member terminates at a top section of the seat back portion ( 24 ). Similarly, in some embodiments, a second, different end of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) terminates at a front section of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). In other embodiments, the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends along the seat back portion ( 24 ) and the transition portion ( 26 ), yet terminates into the transition portion ( 26 ). That is, in some embodiments, the integrated hollow support member does not extend along the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). In still other embodiments, the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends along the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) and the transition portion ( 26 ), yet terminates into the transition portion ( 26 ). That is, in some embodiments, the integrated hollow support member does not extend along the seat back portion ( 24 ). In some embodiments, the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) is integrally formed with the transition portion ( 26 ), the seat back portion ( 24 ) and the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). 
         [0031]    As mentioned above, in various embodiments, the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) tapers as it extends outwardly from the transition portion ( 26 ). In some embodiments, a height of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) tapers as the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends outwardly from the transition portion ( 26 ), the height being measured between a back side of the chair (comprised of the back side ( 24   b ) of the seat back portion ( 24 ), the back side ( 26   b ) of the transition portion ( 26 ), and the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 )) and a joint between a first and second side wall (discussed further below and illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10 ) of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ). In some embodiments, as the height decreases as it tapers. In some embodiments, the height of the integrated hollow support member reaches a maximum along the transition portion ( 26 ). In some embodiments, the height reaches a minimum along the seat bottom portion and/or along the seat back portion, such as where the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) terminates into the seat back portion ( 24 ) and/or the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). 
         [0032]    In some embodiments, a width of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) tapers as the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends outwardly from the transition portion ( 26 ), the width being measured between a first joint and a second joint, the first joint being a joint between the first side wall and the back side of the molded chair shell ( 20 ) and the second joint being a joint between the second side wall and the back side of the molded chair shell ( 20 ). In some embodiments, as the width decreases as it tapers. In some embodiments, the width reaches a maximum along the transition portion. In some embodiments, the width reaches a minimum along the seat bottom portion and/or along the seat back portion, such as where the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) terminates into the seat back portion ( 24 ) and/or the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). 
         [0033]    In some embodiments, the height and the width of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) each taper as the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends outwardly from the transition portion ( 26 ). In yet some other embodiments, a shape factor (such as a triangular shape factor or cross-sectional area) tapers as the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends outwardly from the transition portion ( 26 ). In some embodiments, as a shape factor tapers, the cross-sectional area of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) decreases. 
         [0034]    For example, as is illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) tapers as it extends toward the top section of the seat back portion ( 24 ) and tapers as it extends toward the front section of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). In this illustrated example, the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) tapers in that a shape factor (see discussion above) or cross-sectional area of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) tapers (or otherwise decreases) as the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends outwardly from the transition portion ( 26 ). In various embodiments, each end of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) tapers into the respective surface at which it terminates. For example, if a first end of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) terminates at a front portion of the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ), then the first end of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) tapers into the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). Similarly, if a second end of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) terminates at a top portion of the back side ( 24   b ) of the seat back portion ( 24 ), then the second end of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) tapers into the back side ( 24   b ) of the seat back portion ( 24 ). 
         [0035]    In various embodiments, the integration of a hollow support member ( 40 ) with the molded chair shell ( 20 ) creates a hollow enclosure ( 50 ) having a plurality of side walls, such as side wall  40   a  and side wall  40   b , illustrated in  FIGS. 4, 9, and 10 . In some embodiments, the hollow enclosure ( 50 ) is integrally formed with the molded chair shell ( 20 ), including the seat bottom portion ( 22 ), the seat back portion ( 24 ), the transition portion ( 26 ), and the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ). In some embodiments, the plurality of side walls ( 40   a  and  40   b ) are each of a substantially uniform thickness. In some embodiments, the hollow enclosure created by the integration of a support member ( 40 ) with the molded chair shell ( 20 ) comprises a triangular cross-section, as is illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10 . In one such embodiment, the triangular cross-section extends along an entire length or along a substantial portion of the entire length of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ). Accordingly, the entire length or a substantial portion of the entire length of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) is hollow. 
         [0036]    Additionally, as discussed above, each incorporated hollow support member ( 40 ) is separate and independent of every other incorporated hollow support member ( 40 ) and is integrally formed with the molded chair shell ( 20 ). Specifically, each hollow enclosure is separate and independent of every other hollow enclosure created by every other incorporated hollow support member ( 40 ). For example, as is illustrated in  FIG. 9 , each of the hollow enclosures ( 50 ) created by side walls  40   a ,  40   b , and the corresponding chair shell surface (such as back side ( 24   b ), back side ( 26   b ), or bottom side ( 22   b )) are separate and independent from each other. In this illustrated example, because the integrated support members ( 40 ) are outwardly spaced along the peripheral edge of the molded chair shell ( 20 ), the integrated hollow support members ( 40 ), and thus the corresponding hollow enclosures ( 50 ), are separated by a portion of the seat back portion ( 24 ), the transition portion ( 26 ), and/or the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). It should be appreciated that by integrating hollow support members (as opposed to solid support members) unnecessary excess material is avoided, thereby creating an efficient, light weight design that is stable, durable, and flexible. 
         [0037]    In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the hollow enclosure ( 50 ) remains constant along the entire length or substantially along the entire length of each integrated hollow support member ( 40 ). In another embodiment, the cross-sectional area (e.g., triangular cross-sectional area) of the hollow enclosure ( 50 ) varies along the length of each integrated hollow support member ( 40 ). In one such embodiment, the cross-sectional area diminishes towards each termination end of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ). That is, while the cross-section generally maintains the same overall shape, such as a triangular cross-section, the cross-sectional area of that cross-section changes along the length of each integrated hollow support member ( 40 ). 
         [0038]    In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area change is effectuated by increasing, or alternatively, decreasing, a width measured between side walls  40   a  and  40   b , such as where side walls  40   a  and  40   b  join with the back side of the molded chair shell ( 20 ). In some embodiments, by increasing, or alternatively, decreasing, the width of side walls  40   a  and  40   b , a distance from the molded chair shell ( 20 ) to a joint between side walls  40   a  and  40   b  increases (e.g., a height of the triangle of the triangular cross-section increases), or alternatively, decreases. In another such embodiment, by increasing, or alternatively, decreasing, the width of side walls  40   a  and  40   b , a distance from a base of side wall  40   a  (i.e., where side wall  40   a  joins with the molded chair shell ( 20 )) to a base of side wall  40   b  (i.e., where side wall  40   a  joins with the molded chair shell ( 20 )) increases, or alternatively, decreases (e.g., a width of the base of the triangle of the triangular cross-section increases, or alternatively, decreases). In yet another such embodiment, by increasing, or alternatively, decreasing, the width of side walls  40   a  and  40   b , both the height and the width of the triangle of the triangular cross-section increase (or alternative, decrease), thereby increasing (or alternatively, decreasing) the cross-sectional area. In yet some other embodiments, the cross-sectional area change is additionally or alternatively effectuated by increasing, or alternatively, decreasing, a wall thickness of one or more of side walls  40   a  and  40   b.    
         [0039]    In some embodiments, as the cross-sectional area of a triangular cross-section changes, the angles between the side walls (such as the angle between side wall  40   a  and  40   b ) remain constant. In other words, each side wall experiences a reduction in length equal to the reduction in length of every other side wall comprising the triangular cross-section. On the other hand, in some embodiments, as the cross-sectional area of a triangular cross-section changes, the angles between the side walls (such as the angle between side wall  40   a  and  40   b ) increases, or alternatively decreases. Such angular changes can be effectuated by altering the length of one or more of the walls making up the triangular cross-section. For example, if a base length of the triangular cross-section (measured, for example, along the back side ( 26   b ) of the transition portion ( 26 ) and between where side wall  40   a  joins the transition portion ( 26 ) and where side wall  40   b  joins the transition portion ( 26 )) remains constant while a length of each of side walls  40   a  and  40   b  decreases, the angular relationship between side walls  40   a  and  40   b  increases (that is, approaches 180 degrees as the length of each of side walls  40   a  and  40   b  increases). In this example, a height of the triangle of the triangular cross-section decreases as the length of each of side walls  40   a  and  40   b  decrease. Conversely, in another example, if the base length of the triangular cross-section remains constant while a length of each of side walls  40   a  and  40   b  increases, the angular relationship between side walls  40   a  and  40   b  decreases (that is, approaches 0 degrees as the length of each of side walls  40   a  and  40   b  increases). In this example, a height of the triangle of the triangular cross-section increases as the length of each of side walls  40   a  and  40   b  increases. It should be appreciated that, by adjusting the corresponding height of the triangle of the triangular cross-section such that the angular relationship between side walls  40   a  and  40   b  is adjusted, the structural stability and flexibility of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) is adjusted. Accordingly, the disclosed molded chair assembly disclosed herein can be uniquely tailored to flex and/or maintain structural stability or rigidity at designated points. 
         [0040]    In some embodiments, the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) is positioned along the molded chair shell ( 20 ) such that the largest cross-sectional area of the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) is appropriately located to provide a desired amount of strength, durability, and flexibility. In some embodiments, the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) is positioned along the molded chair shell ( 20 ) such that its largest cross-sectional area is located at a high stress and/or a high strain position of the molded chair shell ( 20 ), such as the transition portion ( 26 ). By strategically locating the largest cross-sectional area of each integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) at high stress and/or high strain areas of the molded chair shell ( 20 ), stress can be appropriately distributed throughout the molded chair shell ( 20 ) and the integrated support members ( 40 ), thereby increasing stability and durability, while maintaining flexibility of the molded chair assembly ( 10 ). 
         [0041]    As discussed above, integrating one or more hollow support members ( 40 ) into molded chair shell ( 20 ) according to the above-discussed configurations provides considerable structural strength and durability, while still permitting a desired degree of flexibility. While the integrated hollow support members ( 40 ) discussed above comprise triangular cross-sections, other suitable support member configurations comprising different cross-sections, such as rectangular cross-sections and the like, are also envisioned and can be incorporated without departing from the spirit or scope of the molded chair assembly ( 10 ) disclosed herein. Additionally, it should be appreciated that any number of the above discussed integrated hollow support members ( 40 ) may be incorporated into the molded chair shell ( 20 ). Similarly, while the above-discussed configurations include locating one or more integrated hollow support members ( 40 ) along the peripheral edge of the molded chair shell ( 20 ), in various alternative embodiments, one or more of the integrated hollow support members ( 40 ) disclosed herein may be incorporated into the molded chair at any desired location (including locations different from a peripheral edge). 
         [0042]    In various embodiments, each integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) conforms to the shape and contours of the molded chair shell ( 20 ) such that a hollow cross-section (e.g. triangular or, alternatively, rectangular, etc) is maintained. For example, as illustrated in  FIGS. 4 and 8 , an integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends along a side ( 10   a ) of the molded chair shell ( 20 ). Specifically, in this illustrated example, the support member is integrated into the molded chair shell ( 20 ) at the back side ( 24   b ) of the seat back portion ( 24 ), the back side ( 26   b ) of the transition portion ( 26 ), and the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ). In this illustrated example, the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) extends along a portion of the molded chair shell&#39;s periphery edge (such as along a portion of the periphery edges  22   c ,  24   c , and  26   c ). Accordingly, the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) conforms to both the contours of the molded chair shell&#39;s periphery edge (comprised of periphery edges  22   c ,  24   c , and  26   c ) as well as the surface contours of each of the bottom side ( 22   b ), the back side ( 26   b ), and the back side ( 24   b ). 
         [0043]    In some embodiments, as seen in the illustrated example of  FIG. 4 , a second integrated hollow support member ( 40 ), which is independent, distinct, and separate from the first integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) (discussed above) is located, generally, along a second side ( 10   b ) of the molded chair shell ( 20 ). Put differently, the first and the second integrated hollow support members ( 40 ) are spaced outwardly from a centerline of the molded chair shell ( 20 ). In some embodiments, integrated hollow support members are equally spaced about a centerline of the molded chair shell ( 20 ). Similar to the first integrate support member ( 40 ), the second, different integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) conforms to the shape and contours of the molded chair shell ( 20 ). Accordingly, the first and the second integrated hollow support members, together, provide the molded chair shell ( 20 ) with sufficient support and durability by dissipating stress throughout both the transition portion ( 26 ) and the integrated hollow support member ( 40 ), as opposed to concentrating stress at the transition portion ( 26 ) as is the case where no support members are integrated into the molded chair shell ( 20 ). Additionally, the above discussed configuration provides that the molded chair shell ( 20 ) maintains a desired level of flexibility, thereby achieving a more comfortable seating configuration for the user. Specifically, the above discussed configuration permits the seat back portion ( 24 ) to flew and thereby change its angular position relative to the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) by way of the transition area ( 26 ) without overstressing the transition area ( 26 ) to the point of failure (either initially, or over a large cyclical period). 
         [0044]    Moreover, by providing a molded chair shell ( 20 ) with a plurality of independent integrated support members ( 40 ), and specifically independent support members that are outwardly spaced about a centerline of the molded chair shell ( 20 ), the seat back portion ( 24 ) can flex, differentially from one side to another. Put differently, each independent integrated hollow support member ( 40 ) dissipates stress independent of each other independent integrated hollow support member ( 40 ). 
         [0045]    Under such a configuration, any force (and/or deflection) transferred by a first integrated hollow support member to a second, different integrated hollow support member is first transferred into the seat back portion ( 24 ) (or, additionally/alternatively, transfer portion ( 26 ), and/or seat bottom portion ( 22 )) before being transferred into the second integrated hollow support member. 
         [0046]    In some embodiments, the molded chair assembly ( 10 ) disclosed herein is configured to be stackable vertically (one chair atop the next chair), horizontally (one chair nested in a juxtaposed position with the next chair), or both. For example, the bottom side ( 22   b ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ) is configured to rest upon the top side ( 22   a ) of the seat bottom portion ( 22 ), such that a first molded chair assembly can be stacked upon a second molded chair assembly, such that the first and second molded chair assemblies are in a nested configuration. While the example discussed above includes staking a first and a second molded chair assembly, it should be appreciated that any suitable number of molded chair assemblies may be positioned in a nested configuration. Examples of suitable, stacking and nest chair configurations are shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,544,951, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
         [0047]    Various modifications and additions can be made to the exemplary embodiments discussed without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, while the embodiments described above refer to particular features, the scope of this invention also includes embodiments having different combinations of features and embodiments that do not include all of the above described features.