Abstract:
Gum manufacturing machinery and method of manufacturing gum is illustrated in which a gum loafing machine generates loaves of finished gum that are then subsequently run through a gum conditioner to more uniformly set the temperature and viscosity of the gum material prior to further processing. Upon achieving the appropriate conditioning level, a further forming extruder may be used to generate a continuous gum ribbon for subsequent rolling and scoring operations. The gum conditioner may include vertically stacked conveyors that have different operational modes including a first mode that provides a serpentine path for a long residence time and a second mode that provides a cascading path that avoids or bypasses much of the length of some of the conveyors to provide a shorter residence time. The gum manufacturing machinery may be used in an adjustable manner so as to accommodate difference gum recipes for different batches of gum product.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to gum manufacturing methods and systems and more particularly relates to the forming and conditioning of gum products as a precursor to dividing the gum into individual slab, stick or pellet type units. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The process of making and packaging gum products involves a significant amount of machinery. For example, a substantially automated system and method for making slab/stick type gums, is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,373 entitled Gum Processing and Packaging System, which is assigned to the predecessor of interest of the present assignee. As shown in the &#39;373 patent, a process and apparatus for the continued production and processing and packaging of a final slab/stick type chewing gum is disclosed. The product is extruded as a continuous tape or ribbon and is eventually flattened into an approximate final cross-sectional size and shape and then inserted into a final gum sizing apparatus. Thereafter, the continuous strip of final chewing gum product is scored, cut into individual pieces and individually wrapped by a standard packaging machine. The present invention is directed towards improvements in the state of the art over such prior systems and equipment as shown in the &#39;373 patent. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed toward improvements in the conditioning of chewing gum product to attempt to reach the optimal temperature, viscosity, and moisture content for quality and processing reasons, particularly when rolling and/or scoring the chewing gum product in sheet form. Such uniformity better insures that the correct amount of gum is in each individual unit of gum and that the shape, size and consistency is substantially the same. Achieving such uniformity and high volume production with such automation are a significant advantage for cost and quality reasons. 
     A first patent aspect of the present invention is directed toward gum manufacturing machinery comprising a gum loafing machine have an inlet receiving finished gum product and a forming die providing an outlet proximate a knife that is adapted to generate loaves of finished gum product. A gum conditioner is arranged downstream of the gum loafing machine that has a conveyor running through an environmental enclosure with a temperature control. The conveyor is adapted to convey the loaves of finished gum through the environmental enclosure. 
     According to the above aspect, the conveyor of the gum conditioner may include at least three conveyors arranged in a stacked vertical configuration with two different operational modes. In a first operational mode, the second conveyor runs in a first direction conveying loaves in a serpentine path over substantially the entire length of the second and third conveyors. In a second operational mode, the second conveyor runs in a second direction opposite the first direction to convey loaves in a cascading path thereby substantially bypassing the length of the second and third conveyors. As such, the residence time of the conveyor can be greatly varied by utilizing more or less of the overall gum conditioning conveyor length as may be desired (speed controls and speed changes to the conveyors may be additionally employed). 
     Another different feature which may be employed with the first above aspect is that the gum loafing machine may be employed to prepare a generally uniform shape and thickness of the finished gum product to facilitate more uniform conditioning and avoid the otherwise non-uniform and irregularly shaped thicknesses that may be output, for example from a gum mixing extruder that forms the finished gum product. The size of the loaves may be optimized for conditioning as opposed to a form that is necessarily suitable for rolling operations. Further, after the finished gum product is loafed and conditioned within the gum conditioner, a second forming extruder may be employed having a die adapted to form a continuous ribbon from the individual loaves to facilitate further downstream rolling of the sheet by rollers that progressively reduce a thickness of the continuous gum ribbon for subsequent gum dividing operations. As such, conditioning may occur in one form, while rolling and scoring is accomplished in a different form. 
     Another aspect of the present invention is directed toward gum manufacturing machinery comprising a gum mixer (e.g. at least one of a mixing extruder and a batch mixer) that receives a plurality of gum ingredients and mixes the gum ingredients into a finished gum product. A first forming extruder is arranged downstream of the gum mixer and receives the finished gum and forces the finished gum through a first forming die to generate a substantially uniform output shapes sufficient for conditioning. A gum conditioner is arranged downstream of the first forming extruder and has a conveyor running through an environmental enclosure with a temperature control. The conveyor is adapted to convey the substantially uniform output through the environmental enclosure. Further, and after such conditioning, a second forming extruder is arranged downstream of the gum conditioner that has a second forming die. The second forming extruder forces the finished gum through the second forming die to form a continuous gum ribbon. Rollers are subsequently arranged downstream of the forming extruder to progressively reduce a thickness of a the continuous gum ribbon for subsequent gum diving operations. 
     A feature according to the above aspect is that a first forming extruder may provide a discontinuous output such as separate loaves to facilitate conditioning whereas the second forming extruder produces the ribbon to facilitate rolling operations. 
     A further aspect of the present invention is directed toward a method of manufacturing gum comprising of mixing a plurality of gum ingredients into a finished gum; forming the finished gum into a substantially uniform output shape; conditioning the formed finished gum in a controlled temperature environment for a residence time; forming a continuous gum ribbon; progressively reducing the thickness of the continuous gum ribbon; and dividing the gum ribbon into individual pieces of gum. 
     It is an advantage of this method and further feature that different gum batch recipes for different finished gum products may be run through the same gum line. For example, the method may further comprise running a first gum mixture at a first predetermined residence time for conditioning in a controlled temperature environment; and running a second gum mixture different than the first gum mixture using the same gum line as for the first gum mixture but at a second residence time different than the first residence time for the first gum mixture. This can be further facilitated by use of a conveyor having multiple vertically spaced conveyors with two different operational modes for generating a serpentine path and a cascading path as described previously. Significantly different conditioning residence times may therefore be employed for different gum batch recipes. 
     Other aspects, objectives and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of gum manufacturing machinery illustrating one operating mode with a cascading path of loaves through a gum conditioner in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 1A  shows a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment for mixing gum that may be substituted for the mixing extruder shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 2  is another schematic diagram of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  but illustrated in a different operational mode with loaves spending a longer residence time with a serpentine path through the gum conditioner as illustrated; and 
         FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating a process for handling and processing finished gum product in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     While the invention will be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, there is no intent to limit it to those embodiments. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to the  FIGS. 1-2 , gum manufacturing machinery generally indicated at  10  for handling and processing finished gum product  12  is illustrated with, methodology of running through such machinery diagramed in  FIG. 3 . 
     The gum manufacturing machinery  10  generally includes a gum mixer which as illustrated in  FIG. 1  may take the form of a gum mixing extruder  14 ; or alternatively as shown in  FIG. 1A  a batch mixer  16 . Each of these may be used to produce a finished gum product  12 . For example as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the gum mixing extruder  14  includes a plurality of gum ingredient inputs  20  along its length for receipt of gum base and other gum ingredients such as flavorings, sugars, sweeteners, fillers, various agents, and the like. These inputs  20  are arranged along the length of a single mixing screw  22  having different screw mixing elements for input and mixing at different stages during the mixing process. For example, gum mixing extruders or other gum mixers are disclosed for example in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 61/016,016; 61/036,626; and 61/045,764, which are assigned to the present assignee, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. The output from the gum mixing extruder  14  is a finished gum product  12  that is readily suitable for consumption and chewing as it includes the water soluble sweeteners and flavorings desired by the consumer as well as the underlying chewable gum base to facilitate chewing. As illustrated, the output from a gum mixing extruder  14  may be generally irregular or otherwise non-uniform in shape in that it often will be output in an uneven stream of material having a non-uniform thickness of material. The same can be said of the output of a batch mixer  16  in that it is generally irregularly shaped without a consistent thickness. Thus, by producing finished gum product  18 , it may generate a non-uniform output  24  as diagrammed in  FIG. 3 . 
     Given that the temperature of the finished gum product is not yet suitable or optimal for rolling activities, and that the temperature may need to be cooled or otherwise adjusted to allow the material to set sufficiently, it can be appreciated that the non-uniform output  24  is not conducive to generating uniform conditioning of the finished gum product. As such, a feed conveyor  26  feeds the uneven output  12  into a loafing machine  28  (also referred to herein as a loafing extruder) that forms discrete loaves of finished gum product as in step  27  in  FIG. 3 . The loafing machine  28  may include a forming extruder  30  that forces the finished gum product through a forming die, thereby forming a uniform extrusion  33  as in  FIG. 3 , that is periodically cut off into separate loaves  34  with finished gum product loaves being indicated at  36  in  FIGS. 1-2 . To facilitate the cutting operation  34 , a knife  32  is used that periodically moves laterally across the forming die to cut and slice off individual loaves  36 . 
     An output conveyor  38  picks up the loaves cut off from the forming extruder  30  and runs at a slightly faster pace so as to space the individual loaves  36  at regular intervals as they are output from the forming extruder  30  and cut off by knife  32 . The forming extruder  30  includes only a single input and does not provide for input or mixing of additional ingredients into the finished gum product at this stage. Instead the loafing machine  28  and forming extruder  30  is merely employed to generate a relatively uniform and consistent thickness of material to facilitate more even conditioning of the finished gum product downstream. 
     As illustrated, the individual loaves  36  generally take the shape of the extruding die at the output of the forming extruder  30  and may have separate loaves integrally connected by thin webs that may be produced by teeth on the extruding die as illustrated. The loaves may have a slight parallelogram shape or be of slight shape variations in width and length, but the thickness of the individual loaves  36  is preferably between about ½ and 2 inches thick (vertically) with the length and width being between about 6 inches and 18 inches. The length and width dimensions are not as critical or important as it is the minimum thickness in one dimension that controls heat transfer. Thus, the minimum thickness dimension is of importance as this determines the relative residence time necessary for achieving sufficiently uniform viscosity and temperature for forming a thin ribbon to facilitate subsequent rolling and scoring operations. 
     The output conveyor  38  feeds the individual loaves  36  into a gum conditioner  40  that conditions the loaves of finished gum product  42 . More specifically, the gum conditioner  40  adjusts or otherwise conforms the temperature of the finished gum product  12  and attempts to obtain a substantially uniform temperature throughout. The gum conditioner  40  is arranged downstream of the gum loafing machine  28  for receiving the output thereof and includes three vertically stacked conveyors including a top conveyor  44 , an intermediate conveyor  46  and a bottom conveyor  48  that are all substantially contained and run through an environmental enclosure  50 , such as a long enclosed tunnel. Each of the conveyers  44 ,  46 ,  48  is contained in the environmental enclosure  50 , such that the gum product carried thereon is subjected to the temperature and humidity controlled environment within the enclosure  50 . 
     The gum conditioner  40  includes a temperature control, a humidity control and a residence time control. The temperature and humidity control can set and/or adjust the temperature and humidity within the environmental enclosure such that it may be different than that of the room in which the machinery is contained. The residence time control is provided with a wide degree of residence time variability in part due to speed adjustment but also due to a unique aspect presented by the arrangement of three conveyors,  44 ,  46  and  48  and the operational mode variance as illustrated when comparing  FIGS. 1 and 2 . As a result, a residence time can be predetermined and set and/or adjusted based upon the gum batch recipe  52  as indicated in  FIG. 3 . 
     Typically, and depending upon the finished gum product, the raw output of the gum mixing extruder  14  will generally produce a gum output having an average temperature between 40 and 50° C. Within the environmental enclosure  50  of the gum conditioner  40  a generally uniform temperature is controlled to move the finished gum temperature to a substantially consistent and desirable temperature. Specifically, the environmental enclosure  50  may include a controlled temperature between 40° C. and about 50° C.; and a humidity of between about 20 and about 40%. Typically the temperature and humidity will be set at predetermined set points within those ranges depending upon the gum recipe and batch that is being run through the gum line at any particular instant. 
     As for the residence time, the embodiment provides for a wide control possibility in residence time based on speed control and operational mode. In one embodiment, the residence time may be as fast as about two minutes and as slow as about 20 minutes to provide for a minimal residence time or a very long residence time depending upon the gum batch recipe to appropriately provide the gum in best condition for later processing, such as rolling and scoring into sheets. The conditioner preferably has a residence time control variance of at least 10 minutes during operation thereof that is at least about 1 minute and less than about 30 minutes. 
     As can be seen in comparing  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the gum conditioner  40  has two different operational modes. As shown in  FIG. 2 , a first operational mode is provided in which the loaves follow a serpentine path substantially over the entire length of the intermediate and bottom conveyors,  46  and  48 . By having to travel the entire length of the lower two conveyors, the residence time is increased by virtual of the distance over which the finished gum product loaves must travel. However, if such a long residence time is not desired or needed, the distance can be short circuited as shown in  FIG. 1  where a second operational mode is provided in which the loaves substantially bypass the length of the second and third conveyors. In this operational mode, the intermediate conveyor  46  runs in an opposite direction as that shown in  FIG. 2  to prevent the loaves from reversing direction and instead the loaves cascade over the conveyors with a cascading path, thereby to substantially bypassing the length of the second and third conveyors. As shown, the second intermediate conveyor  46  has a portion that overlaps the top conveyor  44  to receive loaves that vertically drop down from the top conveyor onto the intermediate conveyor and likewise the bottom conveyor  48  has ends that overlap both of the ends of the intermediate conveyor for receipt of loaves that drop down on either the front or back end of the intermediate conveyor depending upon which operational mode is employed. 
     Depending upon the gum recipe batch being run on the gum line, upon exiting the gum conditioner, the finished gum loaves may have a temperature of between about 40 and 50° C. However, residence time is important and formula dependent to develop crystal structure and/or otherwise set up the firmness of the gum product, even if little or no temperature change occurs. At this point, the loaves are also set up enough with a sufficiently uniform viscosity to facilitate further processing such as rolling and scoring. 
     Accordingly at this point, a further conveyor  54  feeds the finished gum product loaves (at step  56  in  FIG. 3 ) into a second downstream forming extruder  58 . The forming extruder  58  includes a forming die that is thin and elongated such that it produces a continuous finished gum product ribbon (at step  57  in  FIG. 3 ) suitable for subsequent rolling and scoring operations. Specifically, the forming extruder  58  may include twin screws that break up the loaves and force the loaves through an elongate and thin forming die to produce the ribbon  60 . 
     Upon exiting the forming extruder  58 , the continuous gum ribbon  60  may be subject to a dusting operation  62  in which a duster  64  sprinkles powdered sweetener on the surface of the continuous gum ribbon  60  so as to prevent sticking and to facilitate better processing during subsequent rolling and scoring operations. It is understood that while such dusting will add some component to the eventual packaged gum, a “finish gum product” is considered to be produced at the very first step illustrated in the output of the gum mixing extruder  14  and the dusting at this point is primarily a processing aid adding only some additional component to the gum. 
     After passing through the duster  64 , the gum ribbon  60  is processed and run through a series of progressive rollers  66  that roll the continuous ribbon sheet to a uniform reduced thickness  68 . Once the gum ribbon  60  is progressively rolled to the desired thickness, then a scoring roller  70  may be employed as well as a lateral dividing roller  72 . These rollers  70 ,  72  score and divide the gum ribbon  60  into individual scored sheets  74  as indicated at step  76  in  FIG. 3 . 
     From here, the scored sheets  74  are conveyed to a further gum conditioner  78  having a conveyor  80  and an environmental enclosure in the form of a tunnel  82  to facilitate cooling of the individual scored sheets to stiffen the gum material of the sheets sufficiently prior to stacking so as to maintain shape rather than allow material creep. The gum conditioner  78  conditions individual sheets  84  sufficient to facilitate stacking of sheets  86  where the sheets can be stacked and stored in a conditioning room  88 . The stacked sheets are then stored in the conditioning room  90  at a lengthy interval to fully condition the gum sheets and achieve a sufficiently cool temperature until such time that the sheets are ready to be divided into individual gum pieces such as stabs or sticks and then packaged as indicated in step  92  in  FIG. 3 . 
     All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein. 
     The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) is to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention. 
     Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.