Abstract:
A device that is placed between the electrical power source and electrical equipment such that power going to the equipment can be controlled, regulated, and monitored. An individual may request access to use the electrical equipment by means of unique identification. The device is able to compare the user&#39;s request for authentication via a locally stored list (database) or remotely situated list. The device contains audio and visual indications of the current status of power going to the electrical device. An apparatus is used to prevent a user from disconnecting electrical equipment from the device and reconnecting it directly to the power source. A related method of use is also claimed.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This is a perfection of Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/191,364, filed on Jul. 11, 2015, the disclosure of which is fully incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to power control devices for selectively disabling current flow to a device, external to and separate from the device. It entails locking a power plug for the device with an external card (a/k/a smart card) reader system that can also keep record of who uses the device and for what length of time. It also enables card-holding subscription use of any given device to which it is externally connected . . . such use being controlled through multiple card dispensing (rather than through the single locking key system of known prior art systems). 
         [0003]    The present invention, for possible marketing under the name Recursion Access System™, further relates to a system of controlling the access to electrical equipment. In an environment where individuals use powered tools and equipment (e.g., machine shops and makerspaces), there may be a desire to control and/or monitor the accessibility and usage of the equipment. In a workshop environment there are number of reasons why it would be desirable to have a method of control on powered equipment. The first convincing reason to have a method of control would be to maintain a safe environment and attempt to reduce the chance of risk associated with individuals accessing equipment that they have not been properly trained on. Another reason would be to maintain a record of equipment usage, weather this be power consumption relating to usage by an individual or production. 
         [0004]    The current methods of addressing the need for accessibility control are limited to solutions occasionally referred to as “Lock Out Tag Out” where the physical power connector or switch to a piece of equipment is locked and unable to be enabled until the lock has been removed by the individual who initially put on the lock. Any electronic or computer controlled solutions to limiting the flow of current do not have the added feature of uniquely identifying the individual that is attempting to access the powered equipment. 
         [0005]    Accordingly, there is a need for a solution that adequately controls the access to equipment based on a set of permissions based on individual allowances. Relevant art 
         [0006]    The following references, arranged chronologically, may be relevant to this disclosure: McVey U.S. Pat. No. 4,482,789, Danek U.S. Pat. No. 4,870,531, Werner U.S. Pat. No. 5,169,326, Haas U.S. Pat. No. 5,338,218, Kogure U.S. Pat. No. 5,432,387, Hoffman U.S. Pat. No. 5,434,368, Kinerk U.S. Pat. No. 5,486,824, Keizer U.S. Pat. No. 5,592,032, Smith U.S. Pat. No. 6,011,328, Haas U.S. Pat. No. 6,461,176, Huang U.S. Pat. No. 6,618,232, Haas U.S. Pat. No. 7,582,990, Haas U.S. Pat. No. 7,786,624, Wong U.S. Published Application No. 20100264752 and Hodapp U.S. Published Application No. 20120100492. 
         [0007]    It may be critical from both a safety AND security perspective to limit who may be permitted to operate certain electrical devices. It is well known to build into some devices an electronic monitoring system/lockout that allows only authorized operation of said device. That may entail a keyed lockout, insertable card such as the type used to operate most hotel door locks today, and/or still other electronic prohibitions that use fingerprints, eye readers and the like. The primary focus of this invention is to make such security measures more universally available . . . without having to require highly sophisticated equipment add-on&#39;s to the control/operating devices of each and every machine/device. This invention enables greater control over who may legitimately run any given electronic device by being able to easily and effectively interrupt the flow of power to run that given device. It is simple to install, run and monitor outputs from. In this manner, it provides far greater protection AND UTILITY that a mere key lockout from the past (see, “Voltbolt.com&#39;”) while providing greater flexibility of use (and control over lists of authorized personnel) than might otherwise be associated with overly sophisticated electronic readers of fingerprints, retina, etc. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    The present invention addresses the above-described deficiencies as well as other deficiencies associated with the prior art. The invention relates to power control devices for selectively disabling current flow to a device, external to and separate from the device. It entails a power plug for the device with an external card (a/k/a “smart card”) reader system that can also keep record of who uses the device, for what length of time, and amount of power consumed. 
         [0009]    The present invention is directed to a power control device that prevents unauthorized and unwanted use of any electrical device that might otherwise prove difficult to remove from its present location, due to size, weight and/or relative positioning (e.g., on shelves, behind desks, in overhead mounts, etc.). The power control device is such that it receives a plug of the electrical device, and allows for the passage of electric current through the power control device, from the current source to the electrical device when the power control device is unlocked. When the same power control device is locked, electric current flow through the power control device is stopped. This is accomplished by requiring one of several AUTHORIZED electronic cards to an external card reader which can just as easily be disconnected from a piece of operating equipment and quickly moved to another for its monitoring and control. 
         [0010]    The present invention provides an inexpensive, portable, and convenient device that is operable to prevent unauthorized use of electrical appliances and other electrical devices. Such a power control device is useful, for example, with computers, television sets, radios, power tools, and other electrical devices, to interrupt the power to the electrical device and prevent an unauthorized user from plugging the electrical device into an electrical receptacle other than the power control device, thereby circumventing the effectiveness of that device. 
         [0011]    The power control device of the invention is simple, convenient, inexpensive to manufacture, easy to use, and effective at preventing unauthorized use of an electrical device, to which it attaches, through the separate (or, alternatively, integrally connected) plug cover for the main body/box of this invention. 
         [0012]    One embodiment of the invention is directed to a power control device that prevents unauthorized and unwanted use of electrical devices by locking the plug of the electrical device in the power control device, when the current flowing through the power control device is stopped. The device may further include a manual knob or switch, movable between ON and OFF conditions. Alternately, the switch is electronic as in an on-off relay. In any case, the device moves the power cord to an external apparatus into a power flowing position when an authorized e-card is situated into its assigned card reader slot. When the card is not in the proper place, this invention will keep the equipment in an inoperable, locked or powered off condition with no current being permitted to flow therethrough and power up the equipment proper. The equipment itself becomes “temporarily” inoperable and cannot resume normal operation until a duly authorized card has been inserted into the reader slot assigned thereto for essentially, electrically “unlocking” the equipment for use once more. 
         [0013]    Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a method for using the aforementioned device as a means for controlling the delivery of external power to any given piece of equipment to which it is manually connected. This method controls the flow of power to an electrical device by adding an interruptor switch between. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]    Attention is now directed to the accompanying drawings and diagrams in which: 
           [0015]      FIG. 1  is a depiction of all aspects comprised within the invention; 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  is an additional close up view of the plug connection apparatus while closed showing the locking; 
           [0017]      FIG. 3  is a block schematic of the individual system components; 
           [0018]      FIG. 4  is an operational flowchart of the system at is basic core components; 
           [0019]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram of the node operation; 
           [0020]      FIG. 6  is an operational flowchart of the device and the decisions necessary to control the access to equipment; and 
           [0021]      FIG. 7  is a flowchart of a hub. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0022]    As used herein, the following terms are meant to expressly include: “Requester” is also a user, member, individual and/or cardholder. “Device” further includes tools, equipment and/or resources. 
         [0023]    This invention uniquely identifies an individual (authorized operator) through one or more of the following methods:
       RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)   NFC (Near Field Communication)   Biometrics:
           Fingerprint   Ear   Heart Rate   Naturally Eliminated Electromagnetic Field   Sitting Position   The eye   Veins in hand   Facial Imaging   
           Pin Number   Magnetic Strip   Barcode       
 
         [0038]    Internal to each interruptor, this invention can quickly check a database for a list of authorized access users with equipment access being dynamically adjusted for an interface with full/limited access for a limited preset time or for as long as the user&#39;s reader card remains lawfully connected thereto. Alternately, the database can be searched (and maintained) external to the system of this invention. 
         [0039]    The system (and related method) of this invention can also be used as a lockout that will PRECLUDE any unsanctioned use of a given piece of equipment to which it is connected. Access cards for this system/method will be able to more fully track when a system was accessed, by whom, and for how long. 
         [0040]    Furthermore, the overall system construct will enable management to accurately track the amount of power consumed by a given piece of equipment. Data can be stored locally, or remotely through a wireless or wired connection. 
         [0041]    The system is placed in line with the power cord for any such device and, as such, should be able to serve as a power interruptor for most plug or voltage level. When used with a locking plug wrap/box (external or integral to the unit itself), this plug will remain “secured” so as to preclude any one individual from manually overriding it. 
         [0042]    One particular model, developed for a medical device operator, led to the inclusion of certain optional features including a calendar style user control that accommodates settings for varying medical patients. Another component/advantage of this system is its use of fairly inexpensive RFID cards that allow a given doctor&#39;s office the option of providing limited distribution of personalized reader cards to its patients. 
         [0043]    Yet another anticipated end user of this device would be the shop teachers at a given trade, elementary or high school that routinely employs dangerous wood and/or machine shop equipment. This invention would more severely restrict who MAY run a particular saw and for how long, for instance. 
         [0044]    This invention offers a low cost, easy to use, powerful access control and equipment management system. The system (and its related method of use) seamlessly combines the following three essential components to a space management system:
       Payment acceptance for membership and users   Space access and control with RFID; and   Equipment management with RFID.       
 
         [0048]    This system provides the equivalent features of existing space access systems at a fraction of the cost; then offers a range of powerful benefits that current systems do not provide:
       Value proposition and easy use.       
 
         [0050]    Yet another component of this system/method is providing LIVE, real time equipment access/use to those who are fully paid up members to a makerspace and/or shared equipment and resource center. Conversely, those not having up-to-date, fully paid memberships can be near instantaneously denied access integration or have the power to their apparatus rapidly shut off. 
         [0051]    Locations that currently employ a membership-based model (e.g. makerspaces) have two separate systems for accepting payment before providing access to the space. Their method requires an individual to update the list of individuals to be given access based on their ability to pay. The system of this invention, by contrast, is completely integrated. Hence, it reduces employee time and the possibility of unauthorized access through human error. 
         [0052]    Business can be proactive in their security and safety by utilizing the preferred system of this invention. It will restrict unauthorized access while further logging all transactions for later review. This is ideal for a business that uses high-risk equipment and would like to do everything it can to reduce the likelihood of an insurance claim. 
         [0053]    While the system is built on a foundation of open source components, the main controller board that it employs combines a number of different components in a customer configuration for manufacturing and installation benefits. This invention should be the first to market offering a system designed especially for co-working and makerspace environments. 
         [0054]    The use of RFID&#39; s for resource management is a unique concept. With the “Plug and Play” modular components of this invention, operators will be able to grow their systems with less concern about lost space for safety/security control concerns. The system/method herein can be added to, or integrated with, existing devices/equipment. This will allow customers to begin using THE system without changing their infrastructure. 
         [0055]    The accompanying drawings are for purposes of illustrating various aspects of the present invention and are not meant to limit the scope of the present invention. Referring now to  FIG. 1 , the power controller or node  101  is shown along with the power connector enclosure  102 . Node  101  is connected to the main power source  103  that will provide current for both the electronics within the node  101  and the equipment being controlled (not shown). Node  101  has a method of input for identification, in this case, a flat surface  108  used as a resting place for an individual&#39;s Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) card. There is an indicator  107  to at least visually (if not also audibly) convey the node&#39;s status. This indicator  107  is shown in the drawing as an LED. 
         [0056]    Attached to node  101  with a cable is a female electrical connector  106  that connects with the equipment&#39;s male connector  105 . From the power junction  102  between node  101  and the equipment, there is a connector enclosure cover or apparatus  104  that holds both connectors for ensuring that the power controller cannot be circumvented without physically damaging either the system or equipment. 
         [0057]    In  FIG. 2 , the connector enclosure is shown in a fully closed position as element  202 . Once closed, the system administrator can secure such an apparatus by keeping both halves closed as demonstrated with a padlock  203  in the drawing. On the left side of the enclosure is a cable  204  that connects current supplied from the node to power equipment connected to the cable  201  on the enclosure&#39;s right side. The enclosure  202  is a critical component of the system as it ensures the equipment cannot be supplied current by any other means aside from the node without physical damage. 
         [0058]    An overview of the entire system can be seen in  FIG. 3 , showing the device controller  501 , controller coordinator  502 , and the administrative interface  503 . The three aspects of the system can be integrated into a single node  101  or separated. The key operations performed by the current interrupter can be seen in  FIG. 4 , the system is active and starts  601  as soon as the node is plugged into the main power source  103  and the equipment&#39;s power connector  105  has been secured within enclosure  104 . After starting  601 , the controller will await input  602  such as an individual requesting to access equipment  603 . If a request for access has been received, the system will ensure that the individual has permission  604  to use the equipment before current is allowed to flow  605 . 
         [0059]    To achieve the operation described above the node must contain at least all elements shown within  FIG. 5 . The node will receive current from the main power  501  that will supply the necessary power to both the microcontroller  502  as well as the equipment  504 . The microcontroller  502  processes the identification input  503  provided by a user and confirms (through either localized or remote database) that is accessed through a transceiving unit  506 . After a user&#39;s accessibility has been determined, the user is made aware through an indicator  507  that may be visual and/or audio. Having determined that a user is permitted access, the micro controller  502  will allow the flow of current with the use of an electronic switch  505 . As the equipment  504  is being operated ,the power usage data is relayed back to the micro controller by means of a current sensor  505 . 
         [0060]      FIG. 6  provides a detailed breakdown of the necessary decisions that occur within the current controller. Upon initiating  601 , the system awaits external input  602  from a user with an identification method  603 . Note, there are a variety of identification methods with each one uniquely identifying the user. The request for access is then compared  604  with either a local or remote database to determine if a user is able to access the particular piece of equipment attached to the node. After that comparison is made with a database, the user is notified of the results  605  and either allowed access  607  or declined access. 
         [0061]    While current is allowed to flow to the equipment, the node continuously monitors current flow until the operation session  608  has concluded. While the equipment is being operated, current draw data is being collected to either report  612  at the conclusion of a session or determine if equipment misuse  609  is occurring by means of excessive current draw resulting in a notification  610  sent to an administrator. The current will continue to flow as long as both those conditions remain false, unless the device is remotely disabled  611  by a system administrator. 
         [0062]    The final drawing,  FIG. 7 , provides a flow chart of how information is processed on the hub side that may be incorporated into the node or kept external thereto. Once the system has started  701 , the hub awaits for data  702  to be sent by the node. Upon receiving data  704  from the node, that data, comprised of a user&#39;s ID and machine request source, is used to compile all permissions  706  available to the user. If the user per se exists  708 , the next comparison is made to determine if that user has access to the particular piece of equipment  709  they are attempting to access. The final criterion is to determine if the requestor has access at the current time  710  in which they are requesting. During any point of the process, if a user has been declined a record is logged as unsuccessful  707 . If a user has passed all criteria successfully, an access record is recorded  705  and the node updated  703  so that the user may now fully access the powered up equipment. 
         [0063]    The apparatus, from here on referred to as the node, being protected is a device that contains a method of limiting the access of powered equipment only to authorized individuals. The node is able to be placed inline with any device that has a power cord and does not require the device of which it is connected to, to be modified. The node contains: (i) an input whereby a user can identify him or herself using a variety of methods, (ii) a way to notify the requester of the nodes status, and (iii) a computer that can relay the requestor&#39;s identification to a central database for determining whether the requestor has permission to be using the device. 
         [0064]    The node uses a method of power interruption to best restrict a user&#39;s utilization of a particular piece of equipment. As an additional benefit of using the node, there is an ability to monitor the power consumption of the device it is connected to. That collected information can then be used for both tracking how much power is being used by an individual or device, as well as an alert to an administrator that the device may be being misused. 
         [0065]    As part of the node, it is critical to have a method of control that prevents a requestor from overriding the node by simply unplugging the device from the node and into an outlet. This level of control is obtained by having an apparatus that securely locks together the device&#39;s male power plug to the nods female power connector. The apparatus that maintains the two power connectors connected would require physical tampering to over ride, making it evident to the owner of the system that a requestor has attempted to bypass the system. 
         [0066]    Among the items deemed novel and non-obvious herein are:
       1. A device connected with a piece of electronic equipment for purposes of controlling access to, and/or monitoring the use of, a piece of electronic equipment. The device uses one of the following means: (a) an access controller for powered equipment; (b) a non-invasive or having the need to alternator/modify the equipment that it is being connected to; (c) user specific limitations so that access can be controlled from anywhere. For this device, use is not just for restricting access. It can also be used to monitor log in usage for either safety or production purposes.   2. A non-destructive method of attaching such a device wherein the node connects inline with a piece of equipment. The controller has the receiving end of a power connector that allows equipment to plug into it and the plugs are held together with an apparatus that securely encases and affixes both cord ends together. That apparatus is kept in place via a lock that gets installed by a system administrator.   3. The node for this device uses a method of input for uniquely identifying the individual who has requested access to a particular piece of equipment. Such identification may not be limited to identifying just one individual; it could be used to identify a given product through its production. The node could use a method of uniquely identifying an individual and/or production. That method may include, but not be limited to, one or more of the following options: RFID, PIN, biometrics, phone (NFC), magnetic, heart rate, facial imaging, bar code.   4. A controller for this invention may work by interrupting the power being sent to the equipment. One method of interruption occurs by ways of an electronic switch that can be in the form of a relay, transistor or other similarly functioning switch. Additional power controls can be added for allowing multiple devices to be initiated or engaged at the same time.   5. As part of the power control concept, the node of this invention will have a method of collecting and monitoring power consumption at any given time.   6. Communication with the hub for data should be included. Once data is read by this device, it may be transmitted via a wireless or wired connection to a central location where the data is stored and compared for access.       
 
         [0073]    There have been shown and described preferred embodiments of power control devices and methods for their use. It is apparent to those skilled in the art, however, that many changes, variations, modifications, and other uses and applications for the apparatus, its components, and methods for its use are possible, and also such changes, variations, modifications, and other uses and applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the invention, which is limited only by the claims which follow.