Abstract:
A child safe container including a base and a cover is provided. The container includes a hinge and latch which cooperate to maintain the container in a locked position. The container is unlocked and can be opened by translating the base and the cover in a preferred direction.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Child Resistant (CR) packages, pursuant to the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970, fall into three broad categories: Vials or bottles with a CR cap or closure; blister packs with a removable barrier over the frangible lidding; and, pouches with tear-resistant material and concealed tear-notches. To qualify for a CR package under 16 CFR §&#39;s 1700-1702, the package must undergo a test protocol. It is generally regarded, however, that packages which feature one or more of the following attributes would probably pass the protocol: A cognitive step, a sequence of steps, some dependence upon written instructions, or some strength or dexterity uncommon to children age 5 or below. 
     In recent years, requirements for Senior Friendly (SF) packaging have been added to the regulations. A package is considered to be Senior Friendly if it can be opened by a test panel in the age group 50-70. This age group is more likely than other adults to have medications in the home, and certain packages such as “push-down-and-turn” or “squeeze-and-turn” caps can be difficult to operate for someone with an arthritic condition. This difficulty would probably result in disabling the CR feature and ultimately defeating the purpose intended. 
     Some drug packages are exempted. The most notable example is packaging for oral contraceptives. Not only are the hormonal ingredients not particularly toxic to children, the typical configuration of a blister package permits only one-at-a-time dispensing which makes it more difficult to amass a harmful amount of drug. A particular oral contraceptive package known in the art provides other desirable functions and features. These include day, date or other indicia, a resettable start day for the regimen, a memory-aid to assist schedule compliance, a one-way advancement mechanism for indexing next dose, a single dispensing aperture to assure purposeful selection of the dose, and a protective case to safeguard the contents. 
     A commonly used oral contraceptive container providing many of the features and functions noted above has a compact design and includes a rotating, ratcheted “dial”, and a means to receive a blister containing a circular array of tablets in a unique orientation to the indicia and to the dispensing aperture. Typically, such a container has a body and a lid, or cover, connected by a hinge. 
     It would be desirable for drugs other than oral contraceptives to have such compliance and protection functionality. Drugs for chronic treatments and titration regimens where sequence and timing are critical are but two such examples. There are few, if any, such packages, however, which are also CR/SF. The present invention is directed to a CR/SF solution for a hinged-lid container. It relies on a cognitive step and an adult hand-span to achieve a safety profile with children. The cognitive step can be communicated in written instructions to adults, or may otherwise be intuitive to someone with broad experience, uncommon to children, in handling packages. The Senior Friendly claim is based on simple two-step operation combined with a diminutive hand-pressure requirement to open. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a child-safe container including a base shaped as an open-topped housing which supports a pivot defining a pivot axis. The container further includes a cover rotatably attached to the base by a hinge, such that an opening direction is defined by rotation of the base and cover about the pivot axis. The base and the cover are also translatable relative to one another in one or more preferred directions other than the opening direction. A means for latching and unlatching the cover is also provided. The means for latching and unlatching is operable exclusively in the preferred directions. 
     In one preferred embodiment, the child-safe container includes a base and a cover with side walls attached to at least one of the base and cover such that an interior space is enclosed. The base and cover are rotatably connected at a hinge having first and second members forming the joint. One of the members defines one or more slots while the other member defines one or more corresponding hinge pins. The hinge pin has a pin axis, serving as the pivot, and the pin is moveably retained within the slot of the other member such that translational movement back and forth is allowed in a preferred direction. The container also includes a latch having one or more pairs of interlocking surfaces supported by first and second bosses. These bosses form the connecting structures to the base and cover. The interlocking surfaces have the capability to move between locked and bypass positions relative to one another. The location of the bosses and the juxtaposition of the interlocking surfaces prevent rotation about the pivot in the locked position. Alternatively, rotation about the pivot is freed at the bypass position. The container further includes an attached spring interposed between the base and cover such that the latch is biased by the spring in the locked position. When a force is applied at the hinge in the preferred direction, the articulation of the hinge allows the latch to attain the bypass position where freedom to pivot the base and cover open gives access to the interior space. 
     In one particularly preferred embodiment, the preferred direction operates in a plane containing the pin axis and in a direction perpendicular to this axis. Pressure applied at the hinge slides the cover forward relative to the base and exposes a front edge useful in lifting the cover. In this case, the pin axis moves relative to the slot. A cut away section in the cover allows counter pressure to be applied to the base without interference as the cover slides forward. 
     In another particularly preferred embodiment, the preferred direction also operates in a plane containing the pin axis but in a direction parallel to this axis. Opposing tabs attached to the hinge members provide leverage points for a squeezing force. This force reconfigures the hinge along the pin axis. This reconfiguration moves the cover sideways relative to the base and exposes a side edge to facilitate lifting. In this case, while the hinge pin itself moves, the pin axis remains stationary relative to the slot. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of the closed preferred embodiment of a child-safe container. 
     FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the opened container showing contents as well as latch and hinge detail. 
     FIG. 3 is a plan top view of the closed container with a cut away view showing hinge and spring detail at the locked position. 
     FIG. 4 is a plan top view of the closed container with a cut away view showing hinge and spring detail at the bypass position. 
     FIG. 5 is a top perspective partial view of the hinge and spring at the locked position. 
     FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional partial view of the hinge and spring at the locked position. 
     FIG. 6 is a top perspective partial view of the hinge and spring at the bypass position. 
     FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional partial view of the hinge and spring detail at the bypass position. 
     FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the closed container showing latch detail in a locked position. 
     FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the closed container showing latch detail in a bypass position. 
     FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the container during opening. 
     FIG. 10 is a top perspective view of the closed container showing hand position during articulation of the assembly. 
     FIG. 11 is a bottom perspective view of the closed container showing articulation of the assembly. 
     FIG. 12 is a bottom perspective partial view of a second preferred embodiment showing hinge and spring detail at the locked position 
     FIG. 13 is top perspective partial view of the second preferred embodiment showing latch detail at the locked position. 
     FIG. 14 is a bottom perspective partial view of the second preferred embodiment showing hinge and spring detail at the bypass position. 
     FIG. 15 is a top perspective partial view of the second preferred embodiment showing latch detail at the bypass position. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     One preferred embodiment of the child safe container of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 1-11 with reference to such figures and the numbers provided therein. Referring first to FIGS. 1 and 2, the child safe container, generally designated  10 , includes a base  12  and a cover  14 . A hinge, generally designated  16 , rotatably connects the base  12  and cover  14 . An interior space  18  is defined by side walls  20 , which are attached to base  12  and cover  14  with a separating partition at parting line  22 . The partitioning forms an open-topped housing of base  12  and side walls  20 . The contents of the child safe container are shown as pill package  24  that includes a plurality of pills or tablets  25 ,  25 . A latch, generally designated  26 , alternatively locks and unlocks the assembly to provide access to pill package  24 . A spring, generally designated  28 , biases the assembly in the locked position when closed. 
     Referring to FIGS. 3-6A, further details of the hinge  16  and spring  28  are illustrated. FIGS. 3,  5  and  5 A show these features at a rest position corresponding to a locked position, while FIGS. 4,  6  and  6 A illustrate them in a articulated position corresponding to a bypass position. Both the locked position and the bypass position will be recited in following paragraphs. A first hinge member  30 , shown attached to the base  12 , supports a pair of hinge pins  32 . The hinge pins  32  are positioned on coincident centerlines, which define a pin axis  34 . A second hinge member  36 , shown attached to cover  14 , fits inside first hinge member  30  and supports a pair of slots  38 . The hinge pins  32  are held captive within slots  38  by tangs  40 , which are connected to second hinge member  36 . Tangs  40  have top surfaces  41  in sliding contact with hinge pins  32 . Top surfaces  41  define a plane parallel to the plane defined by curved parting line  22 . 
     First hinge member  30  is capable of sliding into second hinge member  36  such that hinge pins  32  move within slots  38  between a rest position and an articulated position. The rest position corresponds to location of the hinge pins at the distal end of slots  38 , as shown in FIG.  5 A. Compare FIG. 6A, where the articulated position corresponds to location at the proximal end of slots  38 . The preferred direction is thus described by the movement of the hinge pins  32  as they move from the rest position to the articulated position. In this particular preferred embodiment, the preferred direction is perpendicular to pin axis  34  and lies in a plane parallel to top surfaces  41 . Rotational motion of the cover  14  about pin axis  34 , wherein a pivot is defined, is enabled by the symmetry of the diametral contact points where hinge pins  32  and the slots  38  interface. 
     Referring more particularly now to spring  28 , shown best in FIGS. 3 and 5, the spring is shaped like a “T” with flexible beams  42  forming the top part of the T and stem  43  forming an attachment to base  12 . The flexible beams  42  bear upon second hinge member  36  in a way to urge cover  14  toward the rest position. When pressure is applied to hinge  16  in the preferred direction, the flexible beams  42  are bent in an arch, thereby creating a tension force. Stem  43  has sufficient extent to allow flexible beams  42  to bend inward to a configuration corresponding to the articulated position, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6. The tension in flexible beams  42  is sufficient to return the cover to the rest position when the pressure is relieved. 
     Referring next to FIGS. 7-9, further details of latch  26  can be observed. A first boss  44  is attached to base  12  and a second boss  46  is attached to cover  14 . The interface of first boss  44  and second boss  46  defines a pair of interlocking surfaces  48 . Interlocking surfaces  48 , in turn, define a pair of planes parallel to the plane of top surfaces  41  and the plane of parting line  22 . Interlocking surfaces  48  slide in these planes between a locking position, where the surfaces are in contact, and a bypass position, where the surfaces are parted. Because interlocking surfaces  48  are rigidly attached to elements of hinge  16  by commonality with cover  14  and base  12 , and because motion in the preferred direction is guaranteed by parallelism, the locking position of latch  26  can correspond to the rest position of hinge  16 , and the bypass position, similarly, can correspond to the articulated position. In this manner, a pressure applied at hinge  16  can actuate latch  26  with the consequence that cover  14  can then be rotated open to access interior space  18 . The locking position is shown in FIG.  7  and the bypass position is shown in FIG.  8 . FIG. 9 shows the cover opening. 
     First boss  44  and second boss  46  also define a pair of camming surfaces  50 . These surfaces, also shown in FIGS. 7-9, are positioned to come into contact when cover  14  is rotated closed upon base  12 , and are angled in a manner to cam the cover in the preferred direction relative to the base. Optimum contact of camming surfaces  50  occurs when hinge  16  is in the rest position. This position is attained automatically after opening when the spring responds to the relief of pressure at the hinge. Camming surfaces  50  provide sufficient shift in the preferred direction to sufficiently move interlocking surfaces  48  to the bypass position. This camming motion reconfigures hinge  16  and applies pressure to spring  28 . The pressure creates a retracting force in spring  28 , which operates to slide cover  14  toward the locked position when bypass is achieved. In the locked position, cover  14  cannot be opened by rotation about the pivot because of interfering geometries between interlocking surfaces  48  and between hinge pins  32  and tangs  40 . 
     In this particular embodiment, pressure at hinge  16  can be applied by hand in the manner illustrated in FIG.  10 . Cover cutaway  52  facilitates a counter-grip by permitting cover  14  to advance without interference from the thumb in the illustration. When the base and cover are advanced to the bypass position, forward edge  54  is exposed. This is best shown in FIG.  11 . Forward edge  54  is useful as a leverage point to open cover  14 . 
     Another preferred embodiment of the child safe container of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 12-15. This embodiment is similar to the previously described embodiment, except in the orientation of the preferred direction and in details of hinge  16  and spring  28 . Only the differences will be recited below, with reference to these figures and numbers provided therein. 
     Elements of hinge  16  and spring  28  are illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 14. First tab  56  extends outward from one side of first hinge member  30  to form a rigid structure sufficient for a handgrip. Second tab  58  extends similarly from second hinge member  36 . Gap  60 , defined by the space between first hinge member  30  and second hinge member  36 , is located between first tab  56  and second tab  58 . The breadth of gap  60  corresponds to the distance between the rest position of hinge  16  and the articulated position. The translational movement between the rest position and the articulated position is achieved by squeezing the tabs together and closing gap  60 . This moves cover  14  in a direction relative to base  12  which is perpendicular to that of the previous embodiment. Hinge pins  32  now slide in slots  38  with pin axis  34  remaining stationary. This particular preferred embodiment has a preferred direction, defined previously as the movement of any discrete point on hinge pins  32  between rest and articulated positions, parallel, rather than perpendicular, to pin axis  34 . 
     Spring  28  illustrated in the previous embodiment is redefined as standing beam  62  and is shown in an upright profile attached to base  12 . Standing beam  62  is fitted to slot  64  in cover  14 . Standing beam  62  and slot  64  are positioned to bias cover  14  to the rest position. When hinge  16  is moved to the articulated position, the translation of slot  64  in the preferred direction bends standing beam  62  and creates the necessary tension to retract the articulated components. The rest position is shown in FIG.  12  and the articulated position, in FIG.  14 . FIGS. 13 and 15 show the same contrasting positions for latch  26 . In this particular preferred embodiment, latch  26  is rotated 90 degrees from the previous embodiment so that the separation direction corresponds to the preferred direction. Side edge  66 , which becomes the new leverage point for opening in this particular preferred embodiment, is illustrated in FIG.  14 .