Abstract:
A fuel dispenser comprising a housing, a fuel dispensing apparatus mounted within the housing, control electronics operatively connected to the fuel dispensing apparatus, at least one display mounted in the housing and operatively coupled to the control electronics, and a nozzle operatively coupled to the fuel dispensing apparatus and the fuel dispensing apparatus control electronics, the nozzle configured to produce electromagnetic signals. The dispenser is configured to trigger an alarm when the nozzle is brought into close proximity to the at least one display to prevent the user from using the nozzle to make data entries.

Description:
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/956,072, filed Aug. 15, 2007, entitled FUEL DISPENSER, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to dispensers and, more particularly, to fueling stations having advanced dispenser systems. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In recent years, traditional fuel dispensers have evolved into elaborate point-of-sale (PoS) devices having sophisticated control electronics and user interfaces with larger displays and easier-to-use user interfaces. The fuel dispensers may include various types of payment means, such as card readers and cash acceptors, to expedite and further enhance fueling transactions. Further, customers are not limited to the purchase of fuel at these dispensers. Newer dispensers allow the customer to purchase services, such as car washes, and goods, such as fast food or convenience store products. Once purchased, the customer needs only pick up the goods and services at the station store or the outlet of a vending machine. 
     In addition to local transactions, various types of information services are being provided at the fuel dispenser. In particular, Internet-related services are now being provided at the fuel dispenser. These services range from allowing customers to view various web pages to obtain desired information to supplying predefined advertising information to the customer via local or remote content servers. Unfortunately, the vast majority of fuel dispensers already in existence include displays and associated input devices that are insufficient for supporting web-based interaction. Further, many of the fuel dispensers fail to include the necessary control electronics to readily support such interaction. 
     Retail sales systems must also provide convenience for the customer and efficiency for the retailer. Credit and debit cards provide retailers with one mechanism for increasing the efficiency of retail sales systems, while providing a level of convenience to consumers. Indeed, credit card and debit card transactions are ubiquitous, with a variety of retail equipment providing such capability. A given retailer or merchant is effectively obligated to provide credit transaction capability because it is so widely expected. A growing number of customers own cellular telephones and, in particular, own digital cellular telephones. Digital cellular telephones are distinguished from their earlier generation analog counterparts in a number of ways. One significant distinction of the newer digital cellular phones is their intrinsic communications security. As such, these digital cellular phones are suitable for use in transaction processing, wherein a customer may transmit certain information, including their PIN, to effect a given retail transaction. Further, using a customer&#39;s digital cellular telephone as an integral part of a retail transaction system is consistent with the desire to provide customers with ever more convenient retail transactions. 
     Accordingly, there is a need to provide retail systems capable of communicating certain transaction information to a cellular network for the purpose of obtaining transaction authorization, with such information sent through a customer cellular telephone. 
     Retail environments, such as gas stations and convenience stores, use fuel dispensers for completing transactions associated with purchases of goods and services. These fuel dispensers include user interfaces that allow customers to interact with the fuel dispensers. User interfaces at fuel dispensers typically include a display that provides a customer with information associated with a purchase transaction. This information can include an itemized listing of the products or services purchased and a total amount for the sale. The information presented can also include a prompt to the user for payment information. The prompt for payment information can include a request for account or other information required to complete the purchase transaction. 
     A customer interacts with the fuel terminal to initiate a transaction and to respond to information prompts using an input device, such as a touch screen, keypad, or pointing device. The input device provides the fuel dispenser with information from the customer that allows the fuel dispenser to process the transaction. This information is typically in the form of payment information, such as account information and personal identification numbers (PINs). Account number readers, such as card readers and interrogators, are used to retrieve some of the processing information, but PINs are usually entered manually by a user to ensure that the user is authorized to use the account information that is presented for payment. 
     However, fuel dispensers are typically open to view by bystanders. “Shoulder surfing” is a term that identifies a bystander that purposefully attempts to view the information on a display of a fuel dispenser or attempts to view a PIN entered on an input device by a customer of a fuel dispenser. Shoulder surfers can memorize the location of input keys and can easily interpret keystrokes at a fuel dispenser from a short distance without electronic equipment. Shoulder surfing has also become more advanced as perpetrators use binoculars and cameras in an attempt to obtain information about a customer&#39;s account without detection from more remote locations. By use of advanced surveillance equipment, shoulder surfers can obtain private information about customers of fuel dispensers virtually without detection. Shoulder surfing subjects customers of fuel dispensers to theft of identifying information associated with payment accounts and PINs. 
     Additionally, keypads of fuel dispensers wear out over time due to continuous and repeated action of their keys by customers. Conventional keypads are mechanical in nature. With use, the contacts within a keypad may also corrode and lose their conductivity. As such, fuel dispensers are plagued with a costly replacement schedule for user interface keypads. Accordingly, an approach for prevention of fraud at fuel dispensers is needed. Additionally, reduction in maintenance costs for user interface keypads of fuel dispensers is also needed. 
     Finally, prior art fuel dispensers include speakers that allow the user to hear advertisements and that also allow the attendant in the convenience store to speak to a customer. However, prior art speakers are loud and omni-directional so that sound from one dispenser interferes with sound generated from another dispenser. Therefore, a need exists for a dispenser that has a directional speaker that does not interfere with other customers at adjacent dispensers, and that also allows private communications to occur without others listening. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention recognizes and addresses disadvantages of prior art constructions and methods, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel dispenser comprising a housing, a fuel dispensing apparatus mounted within the housing, control electronics operatively connected to the fuel dispensing apparatus, at least one display mounted in the housing and operatively coupled to the control electronics, and a nozzle operatively coupled to the fuel dispensing apparatus and the fuel dispensing apparatus control electronics, the nozzle configured to produce electromagnetic signals. The dispenser is configured to trigger an alarm when the nozzle is brought into close proximity to the at least one display to prevent the user from using the nozzle to make data entries. 
     In some embodiments, a detector is mounted in the housing, is operatively coupled to the control electronics and is configured to detect the presence of the nozzle when the nozzle is brought into close proximity to the at least one display. In some embodiments, close proximity is within six inches of the at least one display. In other embodiments, the detector receives electromagnetic signals transmitted by the nozzle. In yet other embodiments, the display may contain touch electronics that are configured to detect the presence of the nozzle when the nozzle is brought into close proximity to the at least one display. In some embodiments, the display is turned off when the alarm is triggered. In other embodiments, the alarm further comprises an audible alarm. 
     In some embodiments, the nozzle further comprises a power source for generating the electromagnetic signals. In other embodiments, the power supply is charged when the nozzle is stored in the housing between dispensing transactions. In other embodiments, the nozzle contains an antimicrobial coating. In yet other embodiments, the at least one display is dynamically configurable to simultaneously display a combination of two or more of transaction data, advertising data, loyalty program data, an internet browser and a TV broadcast. 
     In another embodiment, a fuel dispenser comprises a housing, a fuel dispensing apparatus mounted within the housing, the fuel dispensing apparatus having control electronics, at least one touch display mounted in the housing and operatively coupled to the control electronics, the touch display being configured to allow a user to make inputs for conducting a transaction, a nozzle operatively coupled to the fuel dispensing apparatus, and a detector operatively configured to detect the nozzle. The fuel dispensing apparatus control electronics triggers an alarm when the nozzle is brought into close proximity to the touch display to prevent the user from contacting the at least one touch display with the nozzle. 
     In some embodiments, the nozzle contains an antimicrobial coating. In yet other embodiments, the alarm comprises the fuel dispenser apparatus control electronics causing the at least one touch display to blank out to prevent the user from making inputs using the nozzle. In some embodiments, the detector is a camera that generates images that are used to determine when the nozzle moves within a predetermined distance from the at least one touch display. In yet other embodiments, the at least one touch display is dynamically configurable to simultaneously display a combination of two or more of transaction data, advertising data, loyalty program data, an internet browser and a TV broadcast. In some embodiments, the camera is also used to track the approximate location of the user with respect to the fuel dispenser. In other embodiments, the camera captures an image of the user to determine the identity of the user. The user identity is used to configure the information and graphics presented on the at least one touch display. Where the configuration of information and graphics comprises at least one of changing a viewing angle of the display, changing a background color, changing a size of font, changing a polarization of the at least one touch display and changing a brightness of the at least one touch display. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a fuel dispenser for use in an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a front view of the fuel dispenser of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a side view of the fuel dispenser of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic view of an embodiment of video electronics for use in the dispenser of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of a controller for use in the dispenser of  FIG. 1  connected to other peripheral devices; 
         FIG. 6  is a representation of suitable graphics for one embodiment of the present invention for display by the dispenser of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 7  is an illustration of displayed information for the dispenser of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 8  is an illustration of displayed information for the dispenser of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a plan view of a fueling station in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of a nozzle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of a dispenser in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 12  is a schematic view of a fueling station in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a virtual input device for use in an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 14  is a schematic view of the virtual input device of  FIG. 13 . 
     
    
    
     Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent same or analogous features or elements of the invention. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to presently preferred embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1-3 , a fuel dispenser  10  is shown having a generally rectangular body, a fuel supply line  12  and a fuel nozzle  14  received by a holder on the dispenser body and connected to fuel supply line  12 . Fuel nozzle  14  may also be representative of multiple fuel nozzles all connected to the fuel dispenser. Dispenser  10  has a front side and a back side each being a duplicate of the other. In the following description of one preferred embodiment, only the front side will be discussed for ease of description. However, the features of the present invention may also be applied on the back side, thereby allowing the dispenser to be operated by two customers at the same time. It should also be understood that dispenser  10  may only have displays and hoses on a single side, where multiple dispensers are placed together to form a filling position. Thus, the following description is presented as one example and should not be interpreted as limiting the invention to a single embodiment. 
     The front side of dispenser  10  contains first and second display screens  16  and  18 , which are configured to present information to the user of the system. First and second display screens  16  and  18  may be conventional liquid crystal displays (“LCD”) and may include an associated key pad or soft buttons positioned adjacent to the displays. However, in one preferred embodiment, the screens will generally include an integrated touch interface. A reader  20  may be mounted below second screen  18  along with a full size printer  22 . A camera  24  is positioned toward the top of dispenser  10  along with a speaker  26 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , a schematic for a basic control system and touch screen display has a controller  32  coupled to memory  34 , a video mixer and driver electronics  36 , touch screen electronics  38 , back-lighting control electronics  40 , graphics generator  42  and a video source  44 . Graphics generator  42  provides graphics for display on touch screen displays  16  and  18 , and video source  44  provides running audio and/or video for displays  16  and  18 . The video source may include, but is not limited to, laser disks, DVD&#39;s, television, cable TV, satellite TV, the Internet and video cameras. Touch screen electronics  38  typically provide signals to controller  20  indicative of where displays  16  and  18  have been touched in order to differentiate customer inputs and selections. Touch interfaces are well known, and manufactures of suitable touch displays include TouchSystems Corporation of Hutto, Tex. and CyberTouch of Newbury Park, Calif. It should be understood that the schematic shown in  FIG. 4  is for illustrative purposes only and that other electronic layouts are contemplated by the present invention for carrying out the described functionality. 
     Displays  16  and  18  and touch screen electronics  38  may be configured to operate in a highly sensitive mode where the display and touch screen electronics are able to sense changes in a field emitted from displays  16  and  20  without requiring an actual touching of the display. Preferably, this field will extend up to several feet in front of the display over a respective fueling position in front of dispenser  10 . In one preferred embodiment, displays  16  and  18  are capacitive touch screen displays capable of operating at various frequencies to provide various sensitivity levels, where increased frequencies typically provide higher sensitivity. An exemplary capacitive touch screen display is manufactured by Microtouch™ and can sense a customer coming within four (4) feet of the displays. Thus, in one preferred embodiment, controller  32  could increase the frequency and, therefore, the display&#39;s sensitivity between fueling operations in order to sense the approach and/or presence of a customer at the beginning of a new fueling operation. It should be understood that other suitable types of touch screen technology may be used for displays  16  and  18 . 
     Controller  32  may be adapted to control display back-lighting  46  through back-lighting control electronics  40 . Depending on the application, the back-lighting may be decreased from a nominal operating level or turned completely off between fueling operations, to reduce heat and conserve energy. Preferably, once a customer is detected within a relative proximity to the fuel dispenser, the back-lighting is increased or turned on to the normal operating level in order to make the display&#39;s content readily visible to the customer as well as draw the customer&#39;s attention to the displays. 
     One problem associated with touch screens at the dispenser occurs when the customer uses fueling nozzle  14  to make their selections on screen  16  and  18  by touching the tip of the nozzle to the touch screen. In order to prevent the customer from touching the screen with the fueling nozzle, displays  16  and  18 , back light control electronics  40  or touch electronics  38  may be coupled to a sensor that detects the presence of a tag or associated electronics contained in nozzle  14 . That is, when nozzle  14  is brought into close proximity to one of touch displays  16  and  18 , controller  32  may cause the displays to go blank to discourage the customer from touching the screen with the nozzle. Other methods may be used to detect when a customer is bringing the nozzle into close proximity with one of the touch screens. For example, dispenser  10  may include an RFID reader and nozzle  14  may include an RFID tag. Whichever method is used, the end result should be to blank out one or both of displays  16  and  18  to dissuade the customer from touching the displays with the nozzle. In addition to, or instead of blanking out the screen, dispenser  10  may be programmed to play an audible alarm when nozzle  14  is brought into close proximity to displays  16  and  18 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , controller  32  may read data from reader  20 , which may include one or more of a magnetic strip reader, an RFID tag reader, a finger print reader, a retina scanner or any other suitable data entry device, and communicate the information to a service-station-based controller, such as a G-site controller (not shown in the figure) sold by Gilbarco, Inc. of Greensboro, N.C. The service station based controller generally communicates with a remote credit card or other information verification authority to ascertain whether a transaction may be authorized. In one embodiment, controller  32  is comparable to the microprocessor based control systems used in CRIND (card reader in the dispenser) and TRIND (tag or transponder reader in the dispenser) type units sold by Gilbarco, Inc. under the trademark THE ADVANTAGE. However, it should be understood that controller  32  may be any type of controller suitable to carry out the functionality as described herein. 
     Controller  32  is also coupled to printer  22 , which may be configured to print transaction information, unrelated fuel purchase information, map data, driving directions, and other information obtained by the user during the fueling process. Printer  22  may be a full sized laser printer, inkjet printer or other suitable black and white or color printer. The printer is positioned in dispenser  10  so that the output of the printer exits from the front side of the dispenser. Printer  22  may also be configured to print on various sized papers depending on the subject matter being printed, which may be sheet fed or roller fed. 
     Controller  32  may also be coupled to camera  24  located above displays  16  and  18  and speaker  26 . Camera  24  may be used to detect the presences and identity of a customer, and may be used instead of, or in addition to, displays  16  and  18  and proximity sensor  48  for sensing the proximity of a user. Notably, when displays  16  and  18 , camera  24  and a proximity sensor  48  are used, controller  32  may be configured to monitor the relative proximity of a customer measured by each of these components to determine the relative location of the customer with respect to the dispenser. This information may be used to control the viewing angle on displays  16  and  18  and/or to change fonts or text sizes accordingly to enhance visibility. In particular, the control system can determine when a customer was more proximate to the right of the displays and adjust the viewing angle of the display to better allow the customer to view the displays by changing font size, font type, brightness, polarization of the screen or by any other known methods of adjusting viewing angle of a display. Likewise, these components may be used to determine the height and other characteristics of the customer so that the vertical viewing angle of the display may be adjusted in accordance with the detected characteristics. 
     Each display may include its own control system or operate in conjunction with a single control system adapted to operate both displays on a single side of the dispenser. Additionally, the control system may also be configured to operate the displays associated with each side of the dispenser. In a preferred configuration, each dispenser  10  acts as client capable of interacting with a network of servers. Controller  32  and associated user interfaces are preferably designed to minimize the hardware commitment necessary at each dispenser, while having sufficient capability to establish interactivity with the user. Most computer intensive functions are provided as services from various local  104  and remote servers  112  ( FIG. 12 ). 
     Although certain functions and services may be run at the dispenser, most functions dealing with customer transactions, information dissemination and advertising or merchandising are preferably performed as services performed remotely and accessed by dispenser  10 . The browser software for each client has the ability to request services either locally or remotely, via the Internet or similar network. Certain services may be automatically requested by the browser at each dispenser, while others await responses by a customer. One example of a distributed fuel dispenser system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,052,629 entitled “Internet Capable Browser Dispenser Architecture” assigned to Gilbarco Inc., the entire disclosure hereby being incorporated by reference herein, which describes an interactive fuel dispenser system having a graphical interface through which a customer interacts with the dispenser. Because the dispenser is Internet capable, the majority of the computing power is centralized and the dispenser need only connect to the remote severs where the information is stored and processed. 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , fuel dispenser  10  uses one or more of touch display screens  16  and  18 , camera  24  and proximity sensor  48  to detect the presence of a customer at the dispenser. At step  45 , the process begins by controller  32  causing control light circuit  40  to reduce the backlighting of displays  16  and  20  when a customer is not detected. At step  47 , once the presence of a customer is detected, controller  32  monitors the dispenser input devices to determine if a customer engages the dispenser at step  49 . If a customer engages the dispenser, controller  32  causes control light circuit  40  to turn on the display backlighting at step  51  and camera  24  to capture a picture of the customer, at step  50 . At step  52 , controller  32  activates a video recognition program stored in memory  34  to process the customer&#39;s image data captured by camera  24  to determine certain characteristics of the customer. If the customer meets certain characteristics, for example is greater than five feet tall, then controller  32  configures displays  16  and  18 , at step  54 , as shown in  FIG. 7 . Otherwise, displays  16  and  18  are configured, at step  56 , as shown in  FIG. 8 . 
     A video recognition software program uses images captured by camera  24  of the customer and analyzes the images using conventional digital imaging techniques to determine certain characteristics of the customer, for example the height of the person standing proximate to dispenser  10 . Captured images may also be used by facial recognition software to determine the identity of the customer for authorizing a transaction. One example of suitable facial recognition software is FaceIntellect manufactured by ITV Group of New York, N.Y. However, it should be understood that many other suitable facial recognition software programs may be used to identify customers and associate customer preferences and customer specific information with their identities. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , display screens  16  and  18  are illustrated showing exemplary subject matter that may be displayed to the customer. Referring specifically to  FIG. 7 , displays  16  and  18  are configured to display information to, for example, a person over the height of five feet tall. That is, the details of the particular transaction are displayed at  58 , a touch keypad at  60  and the product selector keys  62  and  64  are all displayed on top display  16  at a height suitable for a customer over five feet tall. In addition to the transaction details, a loyalty screen  66  and advertisements  68  and  70  are displayed in accordance with either the customer&#39;s preferences or with products that are available at the station. It should be understood that the advertising can also contain subject matter related to advertising by third party vendors not affiliated with the service station. 
     In addition to transaction information and advertising, the display may also be configured to display reminder information  72  relevant to the customer, for example a spouse&#39;s birthday as well as reminders to make a hotel reservation for the event. Finally, a central shopping and information window  74  may be displayed that allows the customer to choose particular grocery items and general information. Display  18  may be configured to display a television channel  76  based on predefined customer preferences. In addition, a media center bar  80  may be positioned at the bottom of the screen to allow the customer to quickly switch between channels of interest. At  78 , information about the customer&#39;s lifestyle, for example travel plans may be displayed. Finally, at  82 , a closed circuit television may display the fueling area so that the customer may focus their attention on displays  16  and  18  and not on their surroundings. 
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , if dispenser  10  detects the presence of a customer under a predetermined height, for example five feet tall, the dispenser automatically reconfigures the information displayed on displays  16  and  18  to place interactive information in a position that is easily reachable for customers of smaller stature or wheel chair bound. Thus, as shown in the figure, touch pad  60  and product selection panels  62  and  64  are moved to the bottom of display  16  so that these panels are easily reachable by the customer. Once the customer enters the necessary information to authorize a transaction and a product is selected, the system can dynamically reconfigure the information back to that shown in  FIG. 7 . In the alternative, the system may be set up to allow the user to touch a portion of the screen to cause the information to reconfigure itself back to that shown in  FIG. 8 . Because information is displayed on two touch screens, using software the information can be displayed in a variety of layouts and configurations where certain information is placed in an easily accessible location when it requires immediate input. 
     Still referring to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , a customer&#39;s preference may be used to populate the information on displays  16  and  18 . In particular, there are multiple patents describing dispensers that incorporate customer preference and loyalty programs in the presentment of information at a dispenser. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,098,879 and 6,422,464 both entitled “Fuel Dispensing System Providing Customer Preferences” and both assigned to Gilbarco Inc., the entire disclosures hereby being incorporated by reference herein, describe a fuel dispenser that automatically provides predefined customer preferences during fueling based on information contained on a transponder. Preferences are typically selected by a customer and associated with the transponder assigned to the customer. In yet another example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,813,609 entitled “Loyalty Rewards for Cash Customers at a Fuel Dispensing System” assigned to Gilbarco Inc., the entire disclosure hereby being incorporated by reference herein, describes a system for providing loyalty rewards for cash customers by providing a transponder that associates predefined preferences with a cash customer. 
     Each of the above Gilbarco, Inc. patents describes systems that allow customer preferences to be recognized by a fuel dispenser. It should be understood to those of skill in the art that user preference can also be predefined and tied to a customer&#39;s credit card number, customer loyalty number or any other user identification that can be read or accepted by fuel dispenser  10 . For example, if reader  20  includes a fingerprint or retina scanner, user preference can be tied to these identifiers such that when a customer identity is determined by a fingerprint scan, the user&#39;s preferences are downloaded by fuel dispenser  10  and used to populate the information presented on displays  16  and  18 . In other embodiments for example, a customer may have an identification code, an electronic device such as a BLUETOOTH enabled phone or other device that allows the identity of the customer to be obtained so that the fueling experience is tailored to that specific customer. 
     In addition to using the customer&#39;s height information to adjust the presentation of information on displays  16  and  18 , controller  32  may also adjust the viewing angle of the displays  16  and  18  by monitoring the video image of the customer and calculating the relative customer location based on the received image. Once the customer&#39;s general location is detected or determined with respect to the dispenser, controller  32  may change the video/graphic display, change back-lighting levels, and preferably adjust the viewing angle based on customer location. In addition to the methods described above for changing the viewing angles of the displays, the viewing angle may be mechanically adjusted by mounting small servo motors to the back of displays  16  and  18  that move the displays accordingly to optimize the viewing angle. Controller  32  may continue to monitor the customer&#39;s location throughout the fueling operation, and if a change in location is detected, controller  32  will determine whether the fueling operation is at an end. The end of a fueling operation may be determined by sensing the nozzle handle being pulled down (through the use of accelerometers located in the nozzle as explained below), detecting the placement of the nozzle back into the dispenser, or sensing the end of fuel delivery. When the end of a fueling operation is detected a different video message may be displayed alone or in conjunction with audio messages. 
     In another embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIG. 9 , speaker  26  may consist of one or more highly directional speakers. Highly directional speakers are ideal in audio applications that require focused, high quality sound over long distances, as for example in a fueling environment where ambient noise can interfere with the customer&#39;s ability to hear messages presented by the dispenser. Additionally, in prior art systems, cross talk between dispensers either interfered with adjacent dispensers or allowed other customers to hear customer specific information provided over the speaker to another customer. Thus, the use of highly directional speakers reduces sound interference between adjacent dispensers and allows sound to be directed over a narrow cone  80  to the specific customer operating dispenser  10 . Examples of suitable highly directional speakers are SOUND SHOWER and AUDIO ELEMENTS speakers manufactured by Panphonics Oy of Espoo, Finland. For example, the Panphonics AUDIO ELEMENT is a flat plane wave type speaker that is designed to be used as an integrated component of dispenser  10 . In addition to an integrated speaker, the SOUND SHOWER speakers are adapted to be mounted above the dispenser on a structure of the fueling bay. 
     In some embodiments, camera  24 , as described above, may be used to determine the proximate location of the customer with respect to dispenser  10 . By using this information, the direction of sound from speaker  26  may be adjusted. In particular, speaker  26  may be mounted on one or more servo motors that are configured to adjust the direction of speaker  26  by angling the speaker in the direction of the customer. Thus, as the customer moves around dispenser  10 , controller  32  determines the approximate location of the customer and adjusts the direction of speaker  26  accordingly. In other embodiments, a SOUND SHOWER speaker system  82  may be mounted above dispenser  10  either in conjunction with, or instead of, the AUDIO ELEMENTS speakers so that the sound is directed over a narrow span  84  directly in front of dispenser  10 . In this configuration, it would not be necessary to move the speaker as the customer moves around the dispenser. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10 , nozzle  14  has a first end  86  configured to fit into the fuel opening of an automobile and a second end configured to attach to fuel delivery line  12 . A fingerprint reader  30  may be positioned on a handle  90  to allow the customer to be identified without having to enter data on dispenser touch screens  16  and  18 . It should be understood that fingerprint reader  30  may be replaced with any suitable input device that allows the customer to enter data linking the customer to an account for payment or authorization of the transaction. In addition to authorizing the transaction, the information may also link certain preferences or data to be displayed on displays  16  and  18 . In addition to reader  30 , a fueling button  28  may be positioned on handle  90  in an ergonomic position to allow the customer to easily cause fuel to be dispensed. Fueling button  28  may be a clear button that illuminates red or green to indicate to the user that the dispenser is ready for fueling. In the alternative, other light indicators may be mounted in nozzle  14  to indicate the status of the dispenser. Additionally, the lighted button may flash when the nozzle senses that the car&#39;s tank is almost full. Sensing that the tank is full may be carried out in many ways. For example, nozzle  14  may include sensors to detect the fuel level in the tank or dispenser  10  may receive a signal from the car&#39;s electronics that indicates the fuel tank size and/or the amount of gas necessary to fill the tank. In the alternative, nozzle  14  may be equipped with a barcode reader or RFID reader that obtains information from a barcode or RFID tag located proximate to the fueling opening for obtaining fueling information for the specific car. 
     As mentioned above, nozzle  14  may include a position sensor to determine movement of the nozzle with respect to a reference point or plane. One such sensor includes an internal position, attitude or orientation sensor that can sense the position, attitude and/or orientation of the controller relative to the earth&#39;s gravitational force. Such a sensor may for example comprise a 3-axis accelerometer that can sense orientation (or changes in orientation) of nozzle  14  relative to the direction of earth&#39;s gravitational pull. Examples of accelerometers may be of the type available from Analog Devices, Inc. or STMicroelectronics N.V. Preferably, the accelerometer is an electrostatic capacitance or capacitance-coupling type that is based on silicon micro-machined MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology. However, any other suitable accelerometer technology (e.g., piezoelectric type or piezoresistance type) now existing or later developed may be used. 
     Referring to  FIG. 11 , the output of the accelerometer may be received by controller  32  and used for example as an input device for dispenser  10 . For example, when a customer first pulls up to dispenser  10 , one of displays  16  and  18  may include graphics representative of a keyboard or input buttons and the other of the displays may provide instructions telling the customer to point the nozzle toward the screen and to move the nozzle similar to a pointer toward the buttons without touching the screen. In making these movements, dispenser controller  32  can read output signals from the accelerometer to determine the relative position of nozzle  14  with respect to the input keys. Software algorithms of conventional design can be used with output signals from the accelerometer(s) to provide rough (x, y, z) position information in three dimensions of the nozzle. Such relative position information (or signals from which it can be derived) can be communicated to dispenser  10  and used to control input requested on displays  16  and  18 . Thus, customer input may be detected though movement of nozzle  14  so that a transaction can be carried out without the customer ever having to touch the screens. Furthermore, once fuel has started to be dispensed, controller  32  can ignore output from the accelerometer with respect to the displays and monitor the accelerometer output for a quick change in nozzle position or orientation, alone or in combination with other signals, indicative of the end of the fueling process. 
     Information obtained from nozzle  14 , through reader  30 , fuel button  28 , the position sensor (accelerometer), etc. may be communicated to controller  32  either by hard wire through fuel supply line  12 , radio waves, electromagnetic waves, BLUETOOTH technology or any other suitable wireless technology. That is, nozzle  14  may have a transmitter, receiver or transceiver mounted within the nozzle that transmits information to dispenser  10 . In the case of a wireless connection, dispenser  10  would be equipped with one or more of a transmitter  94 , receiver  96  or transceiver for transmitting and receiving information to and from nozzle  14 . The communication link between the nozzle and the dispenser should allow for bi-directional data transmission and reception. 
     Nozzle  14  may also contain a suitable power source  92  with or without a battery for powering the various sensors, transmitter, receiver, transceiver, etc. contained in the nozzle. Nozzle  14  may also include recharging circuitry and optional energy coupling electronics to aid in recharging the power source, i.e. battery. Energy may be electromagnetically coupled to nozzle  14  from a transformer  98  located at or near the fuel dispenser. Preferably, recharging using the electromagnetically-coupled energy occurs when the nozzle is mounted in the dispenser. The power supply  70  may also be associated with an energy coupling system  82  adapted to provide remote power to the nozzle, if necessary, in order to power the electronics or recharge batteries. The coupling may be a direct electrical connection or an electromagnetic or optical connection as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,184,308 and 5,365,984, both to Simpson et al., the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     Nozzle  14  may also contain an ant-bacterial or anti-microbial coating on handle  90  to prevent or eliminate the growth of bacteria or microorganisms that can be transmitted from one customer to another. For example, handle  90  may include an antimicrobial component in the form of an antimicrobial material integrally formed with or coated on the handle. The material forming handle  90  may be an antimicrobial material itself, or it may be a structural material impregnated or blended with an antimicrobial material. The antimicrobial material may also be chemically bound to the structural material, such as, for example, a polymer matrix having an antimicrobial material bound or complexed thereon. 
     In the form of coating, the coating may be connected to handle  90  by a number of means, such as, for example, interference fit, snap fit, mechanically fastened, or overlaid onto the handle. Coatings may applied by numerous techniques, including chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, dip coating, electrochemical deposition, sputtering, mechanical methods of coating, or the like. 
     In other embodiments, the antimicrobial component may comprise an active oxygen releasing material, active ozone, UV light, Halide gas, silver ion, or Halide ion releasing material, an antimicrobial fluid, or a photoactive material that exhibits antimicrobial properties when exposed to a light source. Materials may include a nonmetal halide; a nonmetal oxide, such as I2O5; a ceramic composite and a halide; water insoluble peroxide; or water insoluble superoxide, such as CuO, AgO, MgO2, sulfonated silver polymers, and combinations thereof. Other embodiments are contemplated wherein the antimicrobial material comprises an active ozone releasing material, a UV light releasing material, a Halide gas releasing material, a silver ion releasing material, a Halide ion releasing material, or any other material, compound or combination thereof capable of releasing an antimicrobial agent or exhibiting antimicrobial properties. The light source  34  may be separate from, or integrated with handle  90 . In one embodiment, the light source may be in the form of an LED integrated into handle  90  such that, when the LED is illuminated, antimicrobial properties are imparted to the handle  32  by the photosensitive material being exposed to the light from the LED. 
     In other embodiments, an antimicrobial handle  90  may be provided wherein the antimicrobial component includes an ion generator in the form of an ionic conducting arrangement in communication with handle  90 . In this arrangement, antimicrobial properties are imparted to handle  90  via generation of ions through ionic conduction, wherein ions concentrate on a surface of handle  90 . Ionic conducting materials suitable for this arrangement may include Ag4PbI5, AgI—Al2O3 composite, PbI2 chloride conductive compounds, iodine conductive compounds, fluoride conductive compounds, or any other material, compound or combination of materials or compounds capable of ionic conduction. Ionic conduction is facilitated by a source potential that is preferably integrated into handle  90 . The source potential may also be a component separate from handle  90  and in communication therewith. Other forms of ion generators known in the art can be implemented as well in accordance with the principles of the present invention to facilitate generation of ions to impart antimicrobial properties to the handle  90 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 12 , the fueling and retail environment is shown constructed according to one embodiment of the present invention where customers are provided the opportunity to purchase fuel for their vehicles as well as other goods and services, such as fast food and car washes. The fueling and retail environment may include one or more of a forecourt  101 , where fuel dispensers  10  are located, a convenience or fuel station store  106 , one or more quick-serve restaurants (QSR)  108  and a car wash  110 . Dispensers  10  are used in conjunction with a main service station store  100  operably connected to each dispenser  10  and fueling position  102  in addition to a local station server and control system  104 . Server and control system  104  are operationally associated with POS systems and/or transaction systems for convenience store  106  and one or more quick service restaurants  108  and car wash  110  or other service provider. In one preferred embodiment, a customer at any of fueling positions  102  of any of dispensers  10  may access local station server  104  or any number of remote servers  112 , which are located outside of the fuel station environment, via the Internet or similar network  114 . Dispenser  10  may have a direct Internet connection and/or a direct interactive connection to local server  104 . 
     With regard to remote services, customers may be given the opportunity to order goods or services unavailable at the local station store, such as movie tickets, air line tickets, rental cars, hotel information and other informational items. This is particularly useful for dispensers equipped with printers that can print the movie ticket or other printed information. Furthermore, the customer may download information, such as the weather, traffic conditions, news reports or local maps that can be printed or downloaded to mobile devices such as a cell phone, iPod or MP3 player. Having access to remote services also allows the station owner to run remote advertising campaigns at each fueling position. For example, the browser at each client may automatically access one of the remote servers or preferably, the dispenser may be configured to automatically access local server  104 , which provides a link to the desired remote services. Accessing local server  104  and linking to remote services minimizes the amount of customization required at each dispenser and fueling position. 
     Convenience store  106  typically includes an inventory of a wide assortment of products, ranging from beverages and foods to household goods. The convenience store includes a transaction terminal or register where a customer may purchase convenience store products, fuel, car washes or QSR food. QSR  108  generally includes an order pick-up area having a QSR transaction terminal or register located within the convenience store and a drive-through terminal and window. Depending on the application, the QSR transaction terminal and drive-through terminal may be separated or integrated in any fashion. Usually, customers are able to place orders at the QSR transaction terminal in the store as well as pick up orders in conventional drive-through style at drive-through terminal  36 . 
     In order to make purchasing items in convenience store  106  and QSR  108  more convenient for the customer, dispenser  10  may be configured to provide a real-time view of the convenience store or QSR on one or more of dispenser displays  16  and/or  18 . In particular, referring again to  FIG. 7 , menu  74  may allow the customer to place dispenser  10  into a real-time shopping mode where the customer can navigate down the isles of convenience store  106  to select and purchase products while fueling their automobile. In particular, cameras can be mounted throughout the convenience store and configured so that their video feed is received by local station server and control electronics  104 . Thus, by using touch screens  16  and  18 , the customer can navigate through the convenience store, make selections and pay for the items at the dispenser. 
     In one embodiment, predefined hand gestures can be programmed and loaded on local station server and controller  104  or on dispenser  10 . For example, a gesture dictionary may take the form of a dedicated computer application that identifies a chord (e.g., a combination of fingers, thumbs, and/or other hand parts) presented to multi-touch displays  16  and  18  by the customer. Thus, for example, the movement of the customer&#39;s thumb and pointer finger toward each other may cause the displayed image to zoom out, or the movement of the thumb and pointer finger away from each other may cause the image to zoom in. Additionally, running the customer&#39;s pointer finger from right to left may cause the image to scan to the left or vis-à-vis. If the user wants to scroll around to look at the shelves behind them, the user may rotate their pointer finger on the screen in a counterclockwise direction to cause the image to rotate as if the customer was standing in the store and turning around. Examples of such gesturing as input on a touch screen is taught and disclosed in the following patents, patent applications and published patent applications: U.S. Published Application No. 2007/0177803 entitled “Multi-Touch Gesture Dictionary,” published Aug. 7, 2007, U.S. Pat. No. 6,323,846, titled “Method and Apparatus for Integrating Manual Input,” issued Nov. 27, 2001; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, titled “Multipoint Touchscreen,” filed May 6, 2004; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, titled “Gestures for Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jul. 30, 2004; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/038,590, titled “Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces for Touch Sensitive Input Devices,” filed Jan. 18, 2005; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, titled “Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device,” filed Mar. 3, 2006; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,030,861, titled “System and Method for Packing Multi-Touch Gestures onto a Hand,” issued Apr. 18, 2006. U.S. published application Ser. No. 2007/0177804, titled “Multi-Touch Gesture Dictionary,” published Aug. 2, 2007, the entire disclosure of each of these patents, patent applications and published patent applications hereby being incorporated by reference herein. 
     Once the customer completes their fuel purchase and purchase from the convenience store or QSR, the customer may either enter the store to pick up their items, pick up their purchased items at a drive through window or have their purchase delivered by an employee of the convenience store or QSR to the dispenser location. It should be understood that the dispenser system may be tied into the inventory system for the convenience store and CSR so that sales can be tracked and inventory reordered as sold. 
     In other embodiments, the fueling stations local server can be tied into a remote system that detects the presence of an automobile entering the service station forecourt. Upon detection of the automobile, the system can interact with the automobile&#39;s electronic systems to take control of the automobile so as to bring the car to an available dispenser location. New automobiles with a drive-by-wire system would allow for remote operation and steering of the car without input from the customer. For example, the parallel parking system in the Lexus LS460 is one example of a drive by wire system where the car&#39;s electronic system takes over operation of the car to automatically parallel-park the car in a vacant spot. In a similar fashion, wireless electronics can be configured to communicate with the car&#39;s computer so that a smart service station can orchestrate the movement of cars through the forecourt to increase the safety of its customers walking through the forecourt. 
     In addition to the remote operation of cars entering and exiting the service station through the use of the car&#39;s drive-by-wire system, the dispenser may also be configured to interact with the automobile&#39;s electronic system so that a touch screen mounted in the car can serve as a touch sensitive input display for the dispenser. For example, through RF communications, a BLUETOOTH connection or any other suitable wireless connection, information from the dispenser may be transmitted and displayed by the car&#39;s electronic system so that the customer may make all selections from the comfort of their automobile. In addition to displaying the transaction detail and information, advertising and other services may also be transmitted and displayed on the car&#39;s touch screen system. In other embodiments, the fuel dispenser may contain a robotic arm that is controllable using the car&#39;s touch screen so that the total fueling process can be controlled from inside the automobile. Thus, nozzle  14  may further include a camera integrated into the nozzle that allows the customer to view the fueling port in the car as the nozzle is directed toward the fueling port. Once the nozzle is inserted into the fueling port, the dispenser can switch modes and transmit advertising or other information to the car&#39;s touch screen for interaction with the customer. The use of a robotic arm can also be integrated into an automated service station where the car is remotely moved into a dispenser bay. In that way, the service station can properly orient the car with respect to the dispenser so that predefined fueling port locations for individual automobiles would allow the fueling arm to automatically engage the nozzle with the fueling port on in the car. 
     In other embodiments, a virtual display system may be implemented in dispenser  10 . Referring to  FIGS. 13 and 14 , virtual display systems project a keyboard or other input device into the air or onto another surface and then monitor the virtual keyboard for a user&#39;s touch of the virtual keys to detect the customer&#39;s desired input. For example, a laser system may be used that is capable of both scanning and projecting laser light onto a surface that is secure with respect to viewing angle. Based on initial input provided by the customer either directly into dispenser  10  by reader  20  or indirectly by a wireless connection, the laser system and software would dynamically present the required virtual key layout based on the type of transaction, user preferences, ease of use, or other pre-defined parameters. The laser would be capable of projecting and auto focusing so that it can simultaneously project on a number of surfaces with varying levels of distance, content, and required resolution, for example on the car window, door panel or any other surface capable of receiving the projected laser light. 
     In one example, when a debit card is presented, the card reader recognizes the need for pin pad verification and sends a signal to the laser device. The laser device, through software, projects an appropriate keyboard for the user to input data such as a pin number. The location and distance of the projection surface may be at a fixed distance so that the laser projector does not require focusing or may be presented at any distance within a reasonable range over which a focusing mechanism can focus the laser output. If the surface that receives the projected light is polarized, then it may limit viewing of the projected input device at certain angles to provide a secure input terminal with respect to customers at adjacent dispensers. If however, the surface receiving the projected keyboard is not polarized, the system can be configured to randomly change the layout of the projected input device to provide further security to those who may be passing by. 
     In addition to projecting a keypad for data entry for payment information, the laser system can also project options to begin or initiate the transaction (such as pay outside/inside/Credit/Debit/Withdrawal/Deposit), etc. In the example of a fuel dispenser, the laser system could project the grade selection buttons for selection by the customer. The pump stop, handicap, call attendant, programmable pump preset button, etc. could then be presented essentially acting as a substitute for all existing keypads and/or touch screen menus. The use of a virtual keyboard or input device reduces or eliminates the need for the customer to have to physically touch the dispenser screens or keypads. 
     Examples of virtual input devices are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,084,857 to Lieberman et al., entitled “Virtual Data Entry Device and Method for Input of Alphanumeric and Other Data,” U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,357 to Dunton et al., entitled “Input Device Using Scanning Sensors,” U.S. Pat. No. 6,614,422 to Rafii et al., entitled “Method and Apparatus for Entering Data Using a Virtual Input Device,” the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. Additionally, suitable virtual input devices also include virtual input devices manufactured by Virtual Devices, Inc. of Allison Park, Pa. and Lumio, Inc. of Menlo Park, Calif. 
     While one or more preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above, it should be understood that any and all equivalent realizations of the present invention are included within the scope and spirit thereof. The embodiments depicted are presented by way of example only and are not intended as limitations upon the present invention. Thus, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in this art that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments since modifications can be made. Therefore, it is contemplated that any and all such embodiments are included in the present invention as may fall within the scope and spirit thereof.