Abstract:
A logical unit and a commercial blocking program in the logical unit allow alternative viewing options so that the user may define the alternative programming to replace the unwanted communication. The commercial blocking program breaks all incoming television signals into time, video and audio components and is able to recognize specific commercials based on those components. Upon viewing an unwanted commercial, the user indicates that he wants to block the commercial through one of a variety of input methods. The commercial blocking program then prevents the commercial from being displayed on the user&#39;s television and causes alternative programming to be displayed instead. The user may configure the alternative programming via the alternative programming logic. The user may configure the alternative programming as a universal television channel, based on the specific commercial, based on the television station, based on the time of day, or based on an elaborate viewing hierarchy. At the end of the blocked commercial, the commercial blocking program displays the television program that was originally displayed on the user&#39;s television. Alternatively, the commercial blocking program can buffer the various television programs received from the cable provider and record segments of the cable signal based on certain keywords. The commercial blocking program searches for user defined keywords, records television programs complying with the search terms, and displays the recorded television programming stored in the memory.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for blocking undesired television commercials and displaying alternative programming instead of the blocked commercials.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Debates today rage about both the delivery and funding of informational content in all of its forms. On the Internet, many content providers are moving away from their advertisement-based business models and moving towards subscription-based business models. Despite rapid advances in technology, the delivery mechanisms and methods of generating revenue for content delivered through television broadcasts have been relatively stagnant, when compared to the delivery mechanisms and methods of generating revenue for the Internet and web delivery systems. In television broadcasts, advertisers still attempt to reach users using the same techniques that they have used for decades which are the thirty and sixty second commercials interspaced throughout specific television programs. In addition to technology, the viewer is becoming increasingly sophisticated and is demanding that every second of their time, whether engaged in work or leisure pursuits, be well spent. For the vast majority of television viewers, time engaged in viewing undesired advertisements is not considered time well spent. Therefore, a need exists for an apparatus and method of preventing a television viewer from viewing unwanted commercials.  
           [0003]    Additionally, television viewers generally do not prefer to have periods of interrupted programming or “dead air” when they are viewing a program. It would be preferable if the blocked commercial could be replaced with user-defined alternative programming. Therefore, a need exists for an apparatus and method for replacing a blocked commercial with alternative programming which is more acceptable to the television viewer.  
           [0004]    Furthermore, television viewers may want to play a more active role in determining what type of programming will replace the commercials they have chosen to block. Television viewers who choose to block certain commercials may want to selectively determine alternative programming which will replace the blocked commercial. The alternative programming may differ depending on the time of day or the particular channel which is currently being viewed. Therefore, a need exists for an apparatus and method which will allow television viewers to define the alternative programming content.  
           [0005]    Finally, television viewers may want to view a program that they may have missed instead of the commercial. In other words, it may be preferable to replace an unwanted commercial with television programming from another time on another television channel. Therefore, a need exists for an apparatus and method for buffering desired programming and displaying the desired programming in the time slot where the blocked commercial previously resided.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    The present invention, which meets the needs stated above, is an apparatus and method for blocking specific television commercials from the viewer&#39;s television based upon the characteristics of the television commercial. A logical unit and a commercial blocking program in the logical unit allow alternative viewing options so that the user may define the alternative programming to replace the unwanted communication.  
           [0007]    The commercial blocking program recognizes a unique digital identifying tag that distinguishes a particular commercial from all other commercials. Alternatively, the commercial blocking program identifies a commercial by a “component signature” or an “overall digital signature.” Upon viewing an unwanted commercial, the user indicates that he wants to block the commercial through one of a variety of input methods. The commercial blocking program then prevents the commercial from being displayed on the user&#39;s television and causes alternative programming to be displayed instead. The user may configure the alternative programming via the alternative programming logic. The user may configure the alternative programming as a universal television channel, based on the specific commercial, based on the television station, based on the time of day, or based on an elaborate viewing hierarchy. At the end of the alternate programming, -, the commercial blocking program ends so that unblocked television programming resumes. Alternatively, the commercial blocking program can buffer the various television programs received from the cable provider and record segments of the cable signal based on certain keywords. The commercial blocking program searches for user defined keywords, records television programs complying with the search terms, and displays the recorded television programming stored in the memory. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0008]    [0008]FIG. 1 is an illustration of the invention interacting with a cable provider and a television.  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 2A is a flowchart of the commercial blocking program.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 2B is a flowchart of the alternative programming logic.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 3 is a depiction of the data processing system contained within the logical unit. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0012]    The term “multiplex” as used herein means the process of funneling several different streams of data over a common communications line. The term “cable provider” as used herein means a company which provides television service to multiple users and includes satellite television providers. The term “buffering” as used herein means a process of examining the closed captioning text or audio signal associated with television signals and configuring the examined signal such that it may be searched for specific keywords. As used herein, the term “alternate viewing” means content displayed in place of a blocked commercial and may include one or more of the following: (1) a brief message displayed to inform the viewer that alternative programming will be presented during the commercial interval; (2) an on-screen counter, showing how many seconds are left before the planned return to primary viewing and (3) directions to the tuner to go to a particular station. The directions to the tuner may be universal, by commercial, by originating station, by time of day or by definition of an elaborate viewing hierarchy. As used herein, the term “universal” means using content from a particular station to replace all blocked commercials. As used herein, the term “by commercial” means using content from a particular station to replace the specifically identified commercial. As used herein, the term “by originating station” means using the original station to determine the alternative content which will replace all blocked commercials. As used herein, the term “by time of day” means using the time of day to determine which station to use as alternative content for all blocked commercials. As used herein, the term “elaborate viewing hierarchy” means a combination of a plurality of universal, by commercial, by originating station, or by time or day alternative viewing formats As used herein, the term “unique digital identifying tag” means a number sequence before the header and after the trailer of each commercial. The number sequence is assigned according to an industry standard that allows each commercial to be identified from every other commercial. As used herein, a “component signature” is a group of variables, based on a time component, an X video component, a Y video component, and an audio component, that is used to identify a commercial from all other commercials when a “unique digital identifying tag is not available. As used herein, the term “cumulative digital signature” means the aggregation of one or more selected characteristics of a data sequence to provide a unique number for identification of the complete data sequence. FIG. 1 is an illustration of the invention  100  interacting with a cable provider and a television set. The depiction of the cable provider is by way of illustration only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be used with either a cable or wireless data transmission system. The cable provider (not shown) provides a television signal through a coaxial cable  102  that runs through the user&#39;s wall  104  and into the logical unit  106 . Logical unit  106  analyzes the cable signal as described below and displays the information on television  110  via television connection  108 . Logical unit  106  can optionally be combined with television  110 . Alternatively, logical unit  106  may be placed at the same location as the cable provider such that it is unnecessary to have logical unit  106  at the user&#39;s location.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2A is a flowchart of commercial blocking program  200  which operates inside logical unit  106 . Commercial blocking program  200  starts ( 202 ) whenever multiplexed cable signals are broadcast ( 204 ). In the preferred embodiment, each commercial has a unique digital identifying tag, similar to a serial number, which identifies a particular commercial. Logical unit  106  recognizes a particular commercial based on the unique identifying tag.  
         [0014]    In an alternate embodiment, logical unit  106  identifies commercials by a “component signature.” Multiplexed cable signals are defined by four components: a time component, an X video component, a Y video component, and an audio component. Every television program and/or commercial can be readily identified by these components. There is generally allowed some amount of time skew in the synchronization of the four components to identify the absolute beginning of a program or commercial. By taking the time skew into consideration, commercial blocking program  200  can identify a particular commercial. For example, a given pattern of video/audio signals occurring at a time “delta” (perhaps but not necessarily in the order of 500 microseconds) around the nominal beginning of an advertisement, may point back to a specified commercial.  
         [0015]    Alternatively, logical unit  106  establishes an “overall digital signature” for a particular commercial. In this event, the signal need not be dissembled into its video/audio components as in the “component signature,” but rather, analysis of cumulative digital characteristics may be used to identify the commercial to be blocked. One or more characteristics of a data sequence is selected and aggregated to provide a unique number for identification purposes of the complete data sequence. The advantage of using cumulative digital characteristics is that all commercials could be blocked using this technique. In the case of commercials to be identified by an “overall digital signature,” the logical unit develops a library at the set-top of the “overall digital signature” of the blocked advertisements. For example, it may be assumed that some time interval, “T sample ” is great enough to ascertain with accuracies approaching one hundred percent the identity of a given advertisement. “T sample ” may be a sub-second or it may be multi-second, depending on the processing power behind the logical unit and the uniqueness of the commercial. Once a commercial signal is detected to be identical to a blocked advertisement, then the logical unit takes the actions it has been programmed to implement.  
         [0016]    As a commercial airs, the user has the option of blocking the commercial ( 206 ) by means of commercial blocking program  200  located in the local memory  209  of logical unit  106  (See FIGS. 1 and 3). If the user chooses not to block the commercial, then commercial blocking program  200  allows the commercial to air ( 207 ) and returns to step  206 . If at step  206  the user chooses to block the commercial, then the logical unit will block the commercial ( 208 ). In blocking the commercial, the logical unit prevents the specific commercial from displaying on the user&#39;s television and displays alternative content instead ( 210 ). After commercial blocking program  200  has displayed the alternative programming, the original programming of the original television channel is displayed ( 212 ) and commercial blocking program  200  ends ( 214 ).  
         [0017]    There are many different types of alternative programming that commercial blocking program  200  can display on the user&#39;s television instead of the blocked commercial. In one embodiment, commercial blocking program  200  can display a blank screen for the duration of the blocked commercial. However, in the preferred embodiment, commercial blocking program  200  displays the programming according to alternative programming logic  250  in FIG. 2B. Alternative programming logic  250  starts ( 252 ) and queries the user if he or she would like to define the alternative programming as a universal television channel that will replace all blocked television commercials ( 254 ). A universal television channel is one which will display the contents of a specific television channel on the user&#39;s television whenever the blocked commercial airs. For example, whenever a blocked commercial airs, commercial blocking program  200  will cause the The Weather Channel to be displayed. A universal television channel may include Web TV or any programming variation that may be made available to the user of the television to which the logical unit is connected. If the user determines that they would like to select a universal alternative channel, then the user specifies which channel is the universal television channel ( 256 ) and alternative programming logic  250  ends ( 274 ). If at step  254  the user determines that he or she would not like to select a universal television channel, then alternative programming logic  250  queries the user if he or she would like to define the alternative programming based on the blocked commercial ( 258 ). Alternative programming based on the blocked commercial will display a particular television channel whenever a specific blocked commercial airs. For example, whenever commercial X airs, commercial blocking program  200  will cause The Weather Channel to be displayed. If the user determines that he or she would like to define the alternative programming based on the blocked commercial, then the user selects a specific television channel that will display whenever the specific television commercial airs ( 260 ) and alternative programming logic  250  ends ( 274 ). If the user determines at step  258  that he or she do not want to define the alternative programming based on the commercial, alternative programming logic  250  queries the user whether he or she would like to define alternative programming based on the television channel ( 262 ). Alternative programming based on the television channel will display television content based on a preferred television channel and a contingent television channel when the blocked commercial airs. For example, whenever a blocked commercial airs, The Weather Channel will be displayed, and in the event The Weather Channel is already being displayed, then CNN will be displayed. If the user determines that he or she would like to define the alternative programming based on the television channel, then the user defines the preferred and contingent television channels ( 264 ) and alternative programming logic  250  ends ( 274 ). Optionally, a contingent television channel may be selected by a Content Interrogation Program (CIP) that selects a particular television channel based upon selected search criteria. For example, the CIP may be set by the user to search for news alerts, weather alerts, or some other criteria presented to the user from a CIP menu. If at step  262  the user determines that he or she does not want to define alternative programming based on the television channel, then alternative programming logic  250  queries the user whether he or she would like to define alternative programming based on the time of day ( 266 ). Alternative programming based on the time of day displays a specific television channel depending on the time of the blocked commercial. For example, if the blocked commercial airs before noon, The Weather Channel will be displayed, and if the blocked commercial airs after noon, CNN will be displayed. If the user would like to define the alternative programming based on the time of day, then the user defines the alternative television channels and the time associated with each alternate channel ( 268 ) and alternative programming logic  250  ends ( 274 ). If at step  270  the user determines that he or she does not want to define the alternative programming based on the time of day, alternative programming logic  250  queries the user whether he or she would like to define alternative programming based on an elaborate viewing hierarchy ( 270 ).  
         [0018]    An elaborate viewing hierarchy is a combination of the alternative programming determinations in steps  254 ,  258 ,  262 , and  266 . There are numerous possible combinations of the programming determinations that will create elaborate viewing hierarchies. For example, one possible elaborate viewing hierarchy would be “whenever a blocked commercial airs, display The Weather Channel; however, if there is also a blocked commercial on The Weather Channel, then go to CNN before noon and CNBC after noon.” The elaborate viewing hierarchy may offer the user the option to “mix and match” various combinations of blocked and unblocked signals. For example, the user may select a split screen option where the blocked commercial appears in a portion of the screen while alternate programming appears in the remaining portion of the screen. The user may select an option that will display alternative programming while also displaying the close captioned text of the blocked commercial. Further in the alternative, the user may elect to have more than one alternate programming option displayed. For example, the user may elect to have a split screen display CNN on one portion of the screen and the Weather Channel on the other portion of the screen. If the user would like to define an elaborate viewing hierarchy, then the user enters the appropriate information (i.e. time, channel, and commercial) to define the hierarchy ( 272 ) and alternative programming logic  250  ends ( 274 ). If at step  270  the user determines that he or she would not like to define an alternative viewing hierarchy, alternative programming logic  250  ends ( 274 ). In an alternative embodiment of alternative programming logic  250 , a negative determination at step  270  would send the user back to step  254  so that the options may be viewed again. Additionally, there are other types of alternative programming which may be displayed at step  210 . Logical unit  106  can buffer the multiplexed cable signal. Such technology is known in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 5,481,296 issued on Jan. 2, 1996 discloses an “Apparatus and Method for Selectively Viewing Video Information.” The user can then enter search criteria and search program  200  will record the television signal based on the specific time, channel, and/or keywords. For example whenever “and now your local forecast” is found in the audio component of the cable signal for The Weather Channel, logical unit  106  can record the accompanying local forecast. Additionally, logical unit  106  can be set to record a specific show. For example, logical unit  106  could be set to record the 11 a.m. Sports Center on ESPN. In either case, the recorded programming can be displayed in place of the blocked commercial.  
         [0019]    Many optional features can be displayed along with the alternative programming. For example, it may be beneficial to display a timer in the corner of the screen which shows the time remaining until the end of the blocked commercial. Additionally, the user may desire to have a brief description of which commercial is being blocked. Moreover, the user may wish to have a timer counting down the amount of time until the desired television content returns. Furthermore, the inventive concept contained herein can be utilized to block all commercials and display only desired programming. If the user desires to block all television commercials, then the logical unit develops a library of the unwanted commercials. The library of blocked commercials could be accessed by the user according to an Archive Interrogation Program (AIP) that would allow the library of blocked commercials to be searched by key words, phrases, date and time or other any other method that a person skilled in the art may use to search a library of stored data. Commercials designated as blocked by the user are added to the library and blocked in the future. Alternatively, the logical unit can buffer the entire multiplexed signal, delay the signal a pre-determined time (i.e. sixty seconds) and block out all television programming that is not greater than sixty seconds. This would block all thirty and sixty second television commercials. This implementation can also be orchestrated at the cable provider rather than the user&#39;s television or the logical unit. The user may have the option to block selected commercials permanently (without the recourse to unblock the commercial at a later time) while designating other commercials as non-permanently blocked commercials (with the recourse to unblock the commercial at a later time). The user may have the option to block all previously blocked commercials (and to view new commercials) or to block all commercials. In addition, the user may be provided with the option to block, unblock and access the programming of the logical unit by means of voice commands or audible signals such as clapping.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 3 is a depiction of the data processing system  300  contained within housing of logical unit  106 . Data processing system  300  comprises processor  302 , boot ram  304 , and LCD controller  305  coupled to system bus  306 . Also connected to system bus  306  is memory controller/cache  308 , which provides an interface to local memory  309 . I/O bus bridge  310  is connected to system bus  306  and provides an interface to I/O bus  312 . Memory controller/cache  308  and I/O bus bridge  310  may be integrated as depicted. Peripheral components are connected via I/O bus  312 . Typical peripheral components include Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)  318 , a keypad or touch screen  320 , digital-to-analog converters  328 , analog-to-digital converters  330 , serial interface controller  340 , clocks and timers  342 , cable output to the television  344 , power controller  346 , cable input from the cable provider  348 , and infrared ports  350 . Those skilled in the art will appreciate the depiction of data processing system  300  in FIG. 3 is exemplary and is not intended as an architectural limitation of the present invention. Data processing system  300  may be a separate single controller.  
         [0021]    With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention.