Abstract:
A three or more dimensional (3 + D) graphical user interface (GUI) uses detected three dimensional (3D) hand movements or other input devices to navigate a displayed two dimensional (2D), three dimensional, or 3 + D representation of a corresponding menu, document, or data set. Specific hand motions may be used that correspond to navigational commands, including, but not limited to: up, down, left, right, select, exit, back, new search, start, close, and deselect. The GUI displays two initially perpendicular axes, with additional axes sufficiently off angle that their navigation is apparent, rather than hidden. The 3 + D GUI may be used for navigating large complex data sets, such as search results, document library storage, or simpler data sets, such as TV menus, music selection, photographs, videos, etc.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    Not Applicable 
       STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0002]    Not Applicable 
       INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC 
       [0003]    Not Applicable 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0005]    This invention pertains generally to graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and more particularly to three dimensional (3D) or higher dimensional (3 + D) graphical user interfaces. 
         [0006]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0007]    Traditional menus are either linear or two dimensional, making navigation increasingly difficult as the number of menu elements increase. At some point, nearly everybody has been faced with the question of “where is that option?” located within such a menu structure. 
         [0008]    The general structures of common menus, frequently found on computers, are tree structures. These structures are navigated by repetitively dropping down level by level until a specific option is found. Here again, it is difficult to determine where a given menu option is located without cumbersome and tedious traversal of the menu structure. 
         [0009]    The Sony Cross Bar Menu (XBM) improves on menu structure utility, however is limited to two dimensions. 
         [0010]    Document storage techniques also use treed structures for storage and access. Similarly, search results, as displayed in Google™ and other search engines, produce long lists of results, each of which must nearly always be traversed to find the exact search result needed. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    An aspect of the invention is a three or more dimensional graphical user interface (GUI), comprising: a display device; means for displaying a three or higher dimensional (3 + D) graphical user interface (GUI) on the display device; and means for controlling the GUI. 
         [0012]    In one embodiment, the means for controlling comprises movements of a hand. These movements of the hand may comprise: positional movements in three dimensions. These movements of the hand may comprise: a signed GUI command. The signed GUI command may be selected from one of a group of commands consisting of: go left, go right, go up, go down, select, exit, previous selection, escape, and go diagonally. 
         [0013]    Another embodiment comprises: a detector that detects movements of the hand. The movements of the hand in three dimensions may comprise movements in a Cartesian space. 
         [0014]    In another embodiment, the movements of the hand may comprise movements selected from a group of movements consisting of: pitch, roll, yaw, and combinations of the foregoing. Further movements may comprise individual bends, angles, or other configurations achievable by the individual digits of the hands. Ideally, these movements are readily learned, and tend to be intuitive in nature: the movement of the hand intuitively corresponding to the GUI action. 
         [0015]    The means for displaying the GUI may comprise: a substantially horizontal selection bar, comprising a selected horizontal element; a substantially vertical selection bar that depends on the selected horizontal element, comprising a selected vertical element; and a substantially angled selection bar that depends on both the selected horizontal element and the selected vertical element, comprising a selected angled element. The angled element may most readily be portrayed at a 30° angle relative to the horizontal selection bar, with the vertical selection bar at a 90° angle relative to the angled selection bar 
         [0016]    Further, the means for displaying the GUI may comprise: a first selection bar, comprising a selected first element; a substantially orthogonal second selection bar that depends on the selected first element, comprising a selected second element; and a substantially third selection bar (that is linearly dependent on the first selection bar and the second selection bar, but visually distinct from the first selection bar and the second selection bar) that depends on both the selected first element and the selected second element, comprising a selected third element. 
         [0017]    Finally, the means for displaying the GUI may comprise: a fourth selection bar (substantially orthogonal to the third selection bar), comprising a selected fourth element; wherein the selected fourth element depends on the selected first element, the selected second element, and the selected third element. If the third selection bar were portrayed at a 30° angle relative to the horizontal selection bar, then the fourth selection bay might be portrayed at a 120° angle relative to the horizontal selection bar, so as to be 90° from the third selection bar. However, if more of a perspective type viewing were preferred, then if the third selection bar were portrayed at a 30° angle relative to the horizontal selection bar, then the fourth selection bay might be portrayed at a 150° angle relative to the horizontal selection bar, so as to be symmetric about the vertical selection bar, and thereby emulate a perspective view giving an impression of distance. 
         [0018]    In the embodiments above, orthogonality is taken in one or more of the following coordinate systems consisting of: Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical, parabolic, parabolic cylindrical, paraboloidal, oblate spheroidal, prolate spheroidal, ellipsoidal, elliptical cylindrical, toroidal, bispherical, bipolar cylindrical, and conical. 
         [0019]    The orthogonality discussed above may be taken in a three dimensional (3D) space, or alternatively in a four dimensional (4D) space. 
         [0020]    Another aspect of the invention is a method of navigating a graphical user interface (GUI), comprising: providing a display; displaying on the display a substantially horizontal selection bar; highlighting a currently selected horizontal element; and optionally traversing the horizontal selection bar, wherein the currently selected horizontal element is changed. 
         [0021]    In one embodiment, the method of navigating the GUI may comprise: displaying on the display a substantially vertical selection bar that depends on the currently selected horizontal element; and optionally traversing the vertical selection bar, wherein a currently selected vertical element is changed. 
         [0022]    In a second embodiment, the method of navigating the GUI may comprise: displaying on the display a first substantially diagonal selection bar that depends on the currently selected vertical element; and optionally traversing the diagonal selection bar, wherein a currently selected first diagonal element is changed. 
         [0023]    In a third embodiment, the method of navigating the GUI may comprise: displaying on the display a second substantially diagonal selection bar that depends on the currently selected first diagonal element; and optionally traversing the second substantially diagonal selection bar, wherein a currently selected second diagonal element is changed. 
         [0024]    In another embodiment, a computer readable medium may be capable of storing the steps disclosed above. 
         [0025]    In still another embodiment, a computer may be capable of executing the steps disclosed above. 
         [0026]    A still further aspect of the invention is a graphical user interface (GUI) apparatus that displays representations of three or more dimensions (3 + D), which may comprise: a display device, comprising: a first selection bar, comprising a selected first element; a substantially orthogonal second selection bar that depends on the selected first element, comprising an optionally selected second element; and a substantially third selection bar (that is linearly dependent upon the first selection bar and the second selection bar, but visually distinct from the first selection bar and the second selection bar) that depends on both the selected first element and the selected second element, comprising an optionally selected third element; a detector that detects movements of a hand as GUI commands; wherein the GUI commands: (1) control navigation of the first selection bar, the second selection bar, and the third selection bar; and (2) select the selected first element, the optionally selected second element, and the optionally selected third element. 
         [0027]    In one embodiment, the movements of the hand may comprise positional movements in three dimensions. The GUI commands may be selected from one of a group of commands consisting of: go left, go right, go up, go down, select, exit, previous selection, escape, and go diagonally. 
         [0028]    In another embodiment, the movements of the hand in three dimensions may comprise movements in a Cartesian space. The movements of the hand may further comprise movements selected from a group of movements consisting of: pitch, roll, yaw, and combinations of the foregoing. Additionally, generalized articulations of the hand may comprise movements of one or more digits and the thumb, with movement of zero or more of their individual joints. 
         [0029]    In still another embodiment, the GUI apparatus may comprise: a fourth selection bar (visually independent from the third selection bar, as well as the first and second selection bars), comprising an optionally selected fourth element; wherein the selected fourth element depends on the selected first element, the optionally selected second element, and the optionally selected third element; wherein the GUI commands further: (1) control navigation of the fourth selection bar; and (2) select the optionally selected fourth element. 
         [0030]    In a final aspect of the invention, a graphical user interface (GUI) may comprise: a display device; means for displaying a three or higher dimensional (3 + D) graphical user interface (GUI) on the display device; and a remote controller, whereby the GUI is controlled. 
         [0031]    In one embodiment, the remote controller comprises: one or more diagonal buttons, whereby a third or higher dimensional selection bar is navigated in the 3 + D GUI. The remote controller may issue one or more commands selected from one of a group of commands consisting of: go left, go right, go up, go down, select, exit, previous selection, escape, and go diagonally. 
         [0032]    In another embodiment, the remote controller may comprise: one or more sensors that detect positional movements in three dimensions. Further, the remote controller may comprise: one or more sensors that detect movements selected from a group of movements consisting of: pitch, roll, yaw, and combinations of the foregoing. 
         [0033]    In another embodiment, the display device may be selected from a group of display devices consisting of: a TV, a flat screen monitor, a three dimensional TV, a holographic 3D TV, an anaglyphic 3D TV (viewed with passive red-cyan glasses), a polarization 3D TV (viewed with passive polarized glasses), an alternate-frame sequencing 3D TV (viewed with active shutter glasses/headgear), and an autostereoscopic 3D TV (viewed without glasses or headgear). 
         [0034]    Further aspects of the invention will be brought out in the following portions of the specification, wherein the detailed description is for the purpose of fully disclosing preferred embodiments of the invention without placing limitations thereon. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S) 
         [0035]    The invention will be more fully understood by reference to the following drawings which are for illustrative purposes only: 
           [0036]      FIG. 1  is a prior art plan view drawing of a Sony Cross Bar Menu (XBM). 
           [0037]      FIG. 2  is a plan view drawing of a remote controller for a 3 + D GUI. 
           [0038]      FIG. 3A  is a plan view of a Cross Bar Menu as modified to depict a third dimension with simple menu components in the third (diagonal) dimension. 
           [0039]      FIG. 3B  is a plan view of a Cross Bar Menu as modified to depict a third dimension with viewable intensity menu components in a third (diagonal) dimension. 
           [0040]      FIG. 4A  is a perspective view of a data set of 6×6×6 element cubes. 
           [0041]      FIG. 4B  is a plan view of a slice of the data set of  FIG. 4A  at Y=1. 
           [0042]      FIG. 5A  is a perspective view of a complex data set with a maximum of 6×6×6 element cubes. 
           [0043]      FIG. 5B  is a plan view of a slice of the data set of  FIG. 5A  at Y=1. 
           [0044]      FIG. 5C  is a plan view of a slice of the data set of  FIG. 5A  at Y=2. 
           [0045]      FIG. 5D  is a plan view of a slice of the data set of  FIG. 5A  at Y=3. 
           [0046]      FIG. 5E  is a plan view of a slice of the data set of  FIG. 5A  at Y=4. 
           [0047]      FIG. 5F  is a plan view of a slice of the data set of  FIG. 5A  at Y=5. 
           [0048]      FIG. 5G  is a plan view of a slice of the data set of  FIG. 5A  at Y=6. 
           [0049]      FIG. 5H  is a plan view of a slice of the data set of  FIG. 5A  with an angled depiction of various Y values for element X=3, Y=3. 
           [0050]      FIG. 6A  is a perspective view of a set of data elements and a corresponding hand movement beginning the navigation of the data elements, with the hand at a far back position. 
           [0051]      FIG. 6B  continues the sequence of  FIG. 6A , with the hand moved midway between front and back, and frame D selected. 
           [0052]      FIG. 6C  continues the sequence of  FIG. 6B , with the hand moved far forward, and frame A selected. 
           [0053]      FIG. 6D  continues the sequence of  FIG. 6C , with the hand moved midway between front and back, and frame D again selected. 
           [0054]      FIG. 6E  continues he sequence of  FIG. 6D , with the hand closed and raising to indicate the beginning of a selection command. 
           [0055]      FIG. 6F  continues he sequence of  FIG. 6E , with the hand closed and completely raised to indicate a selection command to the 3 + D GUI. 
           [0056]      FIG. 6G  continues the sequence of  FIG. 6F , with the hand closed, raised, and now twisted about the X axis to “Enter” the selection of frame D. 
           [0057]      FIG. 6H  continues the sequence of  FIG. 6G , with the selected frame D now displayed. 
           [0058]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a collection of file cabinets, with a single folder partially withdrawn from the file cabinets, and a perspective view of documents and pages within the single folder within the folder. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Definitions 
       [0059]    The following terms are used herein and are thus defined to assist in understanding the description of the invention(s). Those having skill in the art will understand that these terms are not immutably defined and that the terms should be interpreted using not only the following definitions but variations thereof as appropriate within the context of the invention(s). 
         [0060]    “Computer” means any device capable of performing the steps, methods, or producing signals as described herein, including but not limited to: a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a video processor, a digital state machine, a field programmable gate array (FGPA), a digital signal processor, a collocated integrated memory system with microprocessor and analog or digital output device, a distributed memory system with microprocessor and analog or digital output device connected by digital or analog signal protocols. 
         [0061]    “Computer readable medium” means any source of organized information that may be processed by a computer to perform the steps described herein to result in, store, perform logical operations upon, or transmit, a flow or a signal flow, including but not limited to: random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), a magnetically readable storage system; optically readable storage media such as punch cards or printed matter readable by direct methods or methods of optical character recognition; other optical storage media such as a compact disc (CD), a digital versatile disc (DVD), a rewritable CD and/or DVD; electrically readable media such as programmable read only memories (PROMs), electrically erasable programmable read only memories (EEPROMs), field programmable gate arrays (FGPAs), flash random access memory (flash RAM); and information transmitted by electromagnetic or optical methods including, but not limited to, wireless transmission, copper wires, and optical fibers. 
         [0062]    “Display device” means any device capable of displaying the graphical user interface (GUI) in two or more dimensions. Such display devices may include, but are not limited to: a TV, a flat screen monitor, a three dimensional TV, a holographic 3D TV, an anaglyphic 3D TV (which is viewed with passive red-cyan glasses), a polarization 3D TV (which is viewed with passive polarized glasses), an alternate-frame sequencing 3D TV (which is viewed with active shutter glasses or headgear), and an autostereoscopic 3D TV (which is viewed without glasses or headgear). 
         [0063]    Refer now to  FIG. 1 , which is a front view of a television screen showing a prior art Sony Cross Bar Menu (XBM)  100 . Here we see a vertical axis  102  of selections. At a particular vertical axis  102  position  104 , a horizontal axis  106  is displayed, showing a toolbox element  108 , and other elements  110 ,  112  that depend from the particular vertical axis  102  position  104 . In particular, we see a toolbox element  108  highlighted and ready for entry, or further menu navigation. 
         [0064]    At this point, downward navigation of the vertical axis  102  would result in the horizontal axis  106  crossing at the “Picture”  114 , “Sound”  116 , or other icons. Upward navigation would result in movement to the “Clock/Timers”  118  or other icons. 
         [0065]    One may return from this screen by selecting the “TV” icon  120 . 
         [0066]    Refer now to  FIG. 2 , which is a front view of a remote control  200 . The remote control  200  comprises commands such as “Home”  202  and other standard remote commands. 
         [0067]    Arrow buttons correspond to menu navigation controls for traversing the higher dimensional diagonally linked menus described in this invention. Particularly, an upper right arrow  204 , a lower left arrow  206 , an upper left arrow  208 , and a lower right arrow  210  are used to navigate three (or higher) dimensional menus as described below. 
         [0068]    Refer now to  FIG. 3A , where a three dimensional graphical user interface (GUI) menu  300  shows a vertical menu axis  302  and a horizontal menu axis  304  that is highlighted  306  at their intersection at menu element “Back Light”  308 . 
         [0069]    Angled off from the vertical menu axis  302  and the horizontal menu axis  304  is another axis that represents a third dimension to the menu, here called an angled axis  310 . The angled axis  310  relates its properties to the actively highlighted  306  menu element “Back Light”  308 . The two directions one may move in the angled axis  310  are in the “Lighter”  312  direction, or in the “Darker”  314  direction. 
         [0070]    Incidentally, should the vertical menu axis  302  be too small to display all menu options then one or more vertical scroll arrows  316  may reposition elements on the vertical menu axis  302 . Similarly, should the horizontal menu axis  304  be too small to display all menu options then one or more horizontal scroll arrows  318  may reposition elements on the horizontal menu axis  304 . 
         [0071]    An “Exit” function  320  or similarly functioning command operates to leave the three dimensional menu  300 . 
         [0072]    Referring back to  FIG. 2  and present  FIG. 3A , remote control  200  upper right arrow  204  would cause movement in the “Darker”  314  direction, while lower left arrow  206  would cause movement in the “Lighter”  312  direction of the three dimensional menu  300  respectively darkening or lightening of the display back light. 
         [0073]    Refer now to  FIG. 3B , where a second three dimensional GUI menu  322  shows a vertical menu axis  324  and a horizontal menu axis  326  that is highlighted  328  at their intersection at menu element “Back Light”  330 . 
         [0074]    Navigating down and to the left, the “Back Light” selections range from lighter  332 , to still lighter  334 , to lightest  336 . Similarly, navigating up and to the right, the “Back Light” selections range from darker  338 , to still darker  340 , to darkest  342 . The “Exit”  344  on this screen is in a similar location to a similar exit previously shown in  FIG. 3A . 
         [0075]    From  FIG. 3A  and  FIG. 3B , it is seen that a three dimensional (3D) GUI menu may be readily constructed, and intuitively understood by nearly all users. 
         [0076]    Refer now to  FIG. 4A , which is a menu representation  400  of the menu elements  402  in a 6×6×6 3D GUI. In this example, all menu elements are present in a 6×6×6 menu. 
         [0077]    Refer now to  FIG. 4B , which is a graph  404  a single face of the menu representation  400  of  FIG. 4A  at j=1. Here, we see that element  402  shown in  FIG. 4A  appears in the upper left of the graph  404 . 
         [0078]    Refer now to  FIG. 5A , which is a menu representation  500 . Here, we see that there are elements in many of the (i, j, k) locations (for i, j, k=1 to 6), but that not necessarily all of the locations are filled. 
         [0079]    Refer now to  FIG. 5B  through  FIG. 5H . Here,  FIG. 5B  is a single plane of menu elements at the j=1 coordinate. Similarly,  FIG. 5C  is a single plane of menu elements at the j=2 coordinate;  FIG. 5D  is a single plane of menu elements at the j=3 coordinate;  FIG. 5E  is a single plane of menu elements at the j=4 coordinate;  FIG. 5F  is a single plane of menu elements at the j=5 coordinate; and  FIG. 5G  is a single plane of menu elements at the j=6 coordinate. 
         [0080]    Finally, we see in  FIG. 5H  a single plane of menu element positions  502  at the j=3 position. Here, only the i=4, k=4 and j=3 current position  504  is shown, which is a subset of the “Back Light” options previously discussed. Here, the current position  504  is labeled as “j 3 ”, as it is the third position in the spectrum of backlighting options available. To have a lighter backlight, “j 2 ”, and a lightest backlight “j 1 ” would be selected. To have a darker backlight, “j 4 ”, a still darker backlight “j 5 ”, and a darkest backlight “j 6 ” would be selected. 
         [0081]    In this  FIG. 5H , the “Back Light” options were artificially limited to only 6 levels for ease of description. In reality, there could be any number of options. 
         [0082]    Refer now to  FIG. 6A  through  FIG. 6H , where 3D hand movements  600  are used control a 3D GUI  602 . Each of these figures are portions of a sequence of hand movements  600  corresponding to changes in the display of the 3D GUI  602 . 
         [0083]    In  FIG. 6A , a hand  604  is positioned at the far back in the {right arrow over (Z)} direction (a relatively large positive Z value). This corresponds in the 3D GUI  602  to a rear most frame “G”  606  being highlighted. (In this context, highlighted means partially raised from the stack of frames present in the 3d GUI  602 , so as to be able to identify a channel logo, a channel number, or other identifying property). At this point, the foremost frame “A”  608  is still in front of the 3D GUI  602 . The hand is then moved in a forward direction  608  (or in the −{right arrow over (Z)} direction). 
         [0084]    In  FIG. 6B , the upright, facing forward (perpendicular to the −{right arrow over (Z)} axis) hand  604  has moved to be about coplanar with the plane comprising the {right arrow over (X)} and {right arrow over (Y)} axes. At this hand  604  position, frame “D”  610  is highlighted. 
         [0085]    In  FIG. 6C , the upright, facing forward (perpendicular to the −{right arrow over (Z)} axis) hand  604  has moved to a far forward −{right arrow over (Z)} axis position. At this hand  604  position, frame “A”  608  is highlighted in the corresponding 3D GUI  602 . 
         [0086]    In  FIG. 6D , the upright, facing forward (perpendicular to the −{right arrow over (Z)} axis) hand  604  has returned to be about coplanar with the plane comprising the {right arrow over (X)} and {right arrow over (Y)} axes. At this hand  604  position, frame “D”  610  is highlighted by being pulled partially up from the stack of frames present in the 3D GUI  602 . 
         [0087]    In  FIG. 6E , the facing forward (perpendicular to the −{right arrow over (Z)} axis) closed hand  612  has returned to be about coplanar with the plane comprising the {right arrow over (X)} and {right arrow over (Y)} axes. Since the closed hand  612  represents holding an object, and the highlighted object is frame “D”, then frame “D”  610  pulled partially up from the stack of frames present in the 3D GUI  602 , corresponding to the upward (along the positive {right arrow over (X)} axis) vertical movement of the closed hand  612 . 
         [0088]    In  FIG. 6F , the facing forward (perpendicular to the −{right arrow over (Z)} axis) closed hand  612  remains about coplanar with the plane comprising the {right arrow over (X)} and {right arrow over (Y)} axes, in a maximum upward (along the positive {right arrow over (X)} axis) position. Since the closed hand  612  has been holding the frame “D” object, the “D” object is thereby “Selected”. 
         [0089]    In  FIG. 6G , the facing forward (perpendicular to the −{right arrow over (Z)} axis) closed hand  612  has been twisted about 90° about the {right arrow over (X)} axis in the positive θ direction. This motion indicates the “Enter” command to the 3D GUI  602 . As this action has already taken place, the 3D GUI  602  has responded by entering the frame “D”  610  object, which has been moved to the front of the 3D GUI  602 , perhaps beginning to enlarge the frame “D”  610  object to full screen size. 
         [0090]    In  FIG. 6H , the previous action has resulted in a full frame view of the frame “D”  610  object, and the 3D GUI  602  has removed itself from the view. 
         [0091]    In summation, the hand gestures described in  FIG. 6A  through  FIG. 6H , or analogous hand gestures, could be used to navigate digital photo albums, TV channels, control volume, brightness, etc. as required on a generalized electronic device. The advantage of this graphical user interface is that it is very natural and intuitive. 
         [0092]    The 3D GUI utilizes a pseudo-depth as a third dimension and can be naturally used with conventional TVs. For true 3D TV, real depth is perceived through a stereoscopic display, where each channel may be positioned at different depth locations in 3D virtual space. With a true 3D TV, the 3D GUI does not need pseudo-depth for the third dimension, which may be directly displayed. However, for navigation beyond 3D, angled pseudo-depths may be used in a zigzag arrangement for higher dimensions. 
         [0093]    Refer now to  FIG. 7 , which depicts a three (or higher) (3 + D) dimensional graphic user interface (GUI) data space for document searching. Here, a collection of stacked file cabinets  700  contains a large assortment of file cabinet drawers, or which a particular file drawer  702  is first selected. It is apparent that the collection of stacked file cabinets  700  is a direct analog to the horizontal and vertical menu selections previously discussed, for instance, in  FIG. 5A  through  FIG. 5H . The angled 3D representation would then be the individual folders  704  in the file cabinet  702 . 
         [0094]    A particular folder  706  may be selected, here labeled “X-File”. In the “X-File” folder  706 , there may be documents  708  present. Each of the documents  708  may have zero or more pages  710  present. Here, “Doc 2”  712  has been selected, which consists of three sequential pages: “Page 1”  714 , “Page 2”  716 , and “Page 3”  718 . 
         [0095]    A particular page of the document, perhaps “Page 3”  718  may then be selected. In this manner, using the 3D GUI and hand commands previously described, individual pages in a voluminous document storage system may be retrieved. 
         [0096]    It should be noted that the physical file cabinets depicted in  FIG. 7  are presented without limitation as merely an easy way for one to visualized the operation of the 3D GUI. In fact, the filing system may be entirely electronic in nature, or stored on one or more computer readable media. 
         [0097]    In fact, the data in  FIG. 7  may be represented as indices to a data set. Here, we see that there are 6 columns 720  of file cabinets  700  indexed across the/axis. The columns  720  extend vertically upward across the           axis. The file cabinets  720  have rows  722  that extend horizontally across the/axis. 
         [0098]    Each file drawer, for instance particular file drawer  702 , may have contents arranged front to back across the           axis. This particular file drawer  702  is in the fourth column of file cabinets, and in the first row; therefore its (i, j) coordinate would be (4,1). In this particular file drawer  702 , there are 8 folders, so the k index would range from 1 to 8. The third folder, the “X-File” folder  706  in the particular file drawer  702  would therefore have an (i, j, k) coordinate location of (4, 1, 3). 
         [0099]    Continuing, the “X-File” folder  706  has documents extending across the {circumflex over (l)} axis. Selected document “Doc 2”  712  would therefore have a 2 coordinate in the {circumflex over (l)} axis, yielding an (i, j, k, l) coordinate of (4, 1, 3, 2). 
         [0100]    Within the “Doc 2”  712  document, there are pages arranged front to back across an          axis. “Doc 2”  712  has three pages, m 1    714 , m 2    716 , and “Page 3” m 3    718 . 
         [0101]    Finally, reading the third page m 3    718  of “Doc 2”  712  in the “X-File” folder  706  in the particular file drawer  702  located at ( 4 ,  1 ) in the file cabinets  700  would have (i, j, k, l, m) coordinates (4, 1, 3, 2, 3). 
         [0102]    To navigate to coordinate (4, 1, 3, 2, 3) would therefore require access to five dimensions. This may be done as shown below. 
         [0103]    Refer now to  FIG. 8 , which shows the 3 + D navigation  800  to the “Page 3”  718  element of  FIG. 7 , which should additionally be referred to as well. In  FIG. 8 , row  802  and column  804  represents the particular file cabinet  702 , at index (4, 1). Overall, the row  802  and column  804 , depending on their navigation, could access any file drawer in the data set spanned by the file cabinets  700 . 
         [0104]    The particular file drawer  702  is shown in  FIG. 8  as an angled axis of folders  806 . Depending from the folders  806  list at selected coordinate (4, 1, 3) is a set of documents  808 , of which various pages  810  are shown as another angled axis. 
         [0105]    To reach the desired search result here, the particular file drawer  702 , with (i, j) coordinates (4, 1) is selected and highlighted  810 . From the (4, 1) selection a subset of the folders  806  are highlighted. Here, the “X-File” folder  706  in the particular file drawer  702  would therefore shows an (i, j, k) coordinate location  814  of (4, 1, 3). Note that not all of the folders present in the file cabinet  700  are shown, so a scroll bar indicator  816  is provided (which may be used at either end of any of the axes displayed). 
         [0106]    Continuing, the “X-File” folder  706  has documents extending across the {circumflex over (l)} axis in the documents  808  direction. Selected document “Doc 2”  712  is the second document along the/axis entry, yielding an (i, j, k, l) coordinate (4, 1, 3, 2)  818 . 
         [0107]    Within the “Doc 2”  712  document  818 , there are pages  810  arranged front to back across an           axis. “Doc 2”  712 , with coordinate (4, 1, 3, 2)  818  has three pages, m 1    714 , m 2    716 , and “Page 3” m 3    718 , the last of which is selected with coordinates (4, 1, 3, 2, 3)  820 . 
         [0108]    Although here coordinate indices were used to show multidimensional GUI navigation, in reality, the axes could be collections of music, TV menu attributes, computer backup file sets, photographs, videos, data searches and results, and the like. 
         [0109]    In an improved version of the 3 + D GUI, here actually a five dimensional (5D) GUI, the already selected items in the lower left of the GUI view could be shrunk in size to better accentuate the current location of the GUI navigation process. 
         [0110]    Although the 3 + D GUI may be best navigated with 3D hand gestures, it could be also used with 2D hand gesture movements, with touch screen finger movements, the remote controller previously discussed in  FIG. 2 , and a computer mouse. 
         [0111]    From the foregoing description it can be seen the present invention can be embodied in various forms, including but not limited to the following embodiments. 
         [0112]    1. A graphical user interface (GUI), comprising: a display device; means for displaying a three or higher dimensional (3 + D) graphical user interface (GUI) on the display device; and means for controlling the GUI. 
         [0113]    2. The GUI of embodiment 1, wherein the means for controlling comprises: movements of a hand. 
         [0114]    3. The GUI of embodiment 2, wherein the movements of the hand comprise: positional movements in three dimensions. 
         [0115]    4. The GUI of embodiment 2, wherein the movements of the hand comprise: a signed GUI command. 
         [0116]    5. The GUI of embodiment 4, wherein the signed GUI command is selected from one of a group of commands consisting of: go left, go right, go up, go down, select, exit, previous selection, escape, and go diagonally. 
         [0117]    6. The GUI of embodiment 2, comprising: a detector that detects movements of the hand. 
         [0118]    7. The GUI of embodiment 3, wherein the movements in three dimensions comprises: movements in a three dimensional (3D) Cartesian space. 
         [0119]    8. The GUI of embodiment 2, wherein the movements of the hand comprise: movements selected from a group of movements consisting of: pitch, roll, yaw, and combinations of the foregoing. 
         [0120]    9. The GUI of embodiment 1, wherein the means for displaying the 3 + D GUI comprises: a substantially horizontal selection bar, comprising a selected horizontal element; a substantially vertical selection bar that depends on the selected horizontal element, comprising a selected vertical element; and a substantially angled selection bar that depends on both the selected horizontal element and the selected vertical element, comprising a selected angled element. 
         [0121]    10. The GUI of embodiment 1, wherein the means for displaying the 3 + D GUI comprises: a first selection bar, comprising a selected first element; a substantially orthogonal second selection bar that depends on the selected first element, comprising a selected second element; and a substantially third selection bar (that is linearly dependent on the first selection bar and the second selection bar, but visually distinct from the first selection bar and the second selection bar) that depends on both the selected first element and the selected second element, comprising a selected third element. 
         [0122]    11. The GUI of embodiment 10, embodying: a fourth selection bar (substantially orthogonal to the third selection bar), comprising a selected fourth element; wherein the selected fourth element depends on the selected first element, the selected second element, and the selected third element. 
         [0123]    12. The GUI of embodiment 10, wherein orthogonality is taken in one or more of the following coordinate systems consisting of: Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical, parabolic, parabolic cylindrical, paraboloidal, oblate spheroidal, prolate spheroidal, ellipsoidal, elliptical cylindrical, toroidal, bispherical, bipolar cylindrical, and conical. 
         [0124]    13. The GUI of embodiment 10, wherein orthogonality is taken in a three dimensional (3D) space. 
         [0125]    14. The GUI of embodiment 10, wherein orthogonality is taken in a four dimensional (4D) space. 
         [0126]    15. A method of navigating a graphical user interface (GUI), comprising: providing a display; displaying on the display a substantially horizontal selection bar; highlighting a currently selected horizontal element; and optionally traversing the horizontal selection bar, wherein the currently selected horizontal element is changed. 
         [0127]    16. The method of navigating GUI, of embodiment 15, comprising: displaying on the display a substantially vertical selection bar that depends on the currently selected horizontal element; and optionally traversing the vertical selection bar, wherein a currently selected vertical element is changed. 
         [0128]    17. The method of navigating GUI, of embodiment 16 comprising: displaying on the display a first substantially diagonal selection bar that depends on the currently selected vertical element; and optionally traversing the diagonal selection bar, wherein a currently selected first diagonal element is changed. 
         [0129]    18. The method of navigating GUI of embodiment 17 embodying: displaying a second substantially diagonal selection bar that depends on the currently selected first diagonal element; and optionally traversing the second substantially diagonal selection bar, wherein a currently selected second diagonal element is changed. 
         [0130]    19. A computer readable medium capable of storing the steps of embodiment 15. 
         [0131]    20. A computer capable of executing the steps of embodiment 15. 
         [0132]    21. A graphical user interface (GUI) apparatus that displays representations of three or more dimensions, embodying: a display device, comprising: a first selection bar, comprising a selected first element; a substantially orthogonal second selection bar that depends on the selected first element, comprising an optionally selected second element; and a substantially third selection bar (that is linearly dependent upon the first selection bar and the second selection bar, but visually distinct from the first selection bar and the second selection bar) that depends on both the selected first element and the selected second element, comprising an optionally selected third element; a detector that detects movements of a hand as GUI commands; wherein the GUI commands: (1) control navigation of the first selection bar, the second selection bar, and the third selection bar; and (2) select the selected first element, the optionally selected second element, and the optionally selected third element. 
         [0133]    22. The GUI apparatus of embodiment 21, wherein the movements of the hand comprise positional movements in three dimensions. 
         [0134]    23. The GUI apparatus of embodiment 21, wherein the GUI commands are selected from one of a group of commands consisting of: go left, go right, go up, go down, select, exit, previous selection, escape, and go diagonally. 
         [0135]    24. The GUI apparatus of embodiment 21, wherein the movements of the hand in three dimensions comprises movements in a Cartesian space. 
         [0136]    25. The GUI apparatus of embodiment 21, wherein the movements of the hand comprise movements selected from a group of movements consisting of: pitch, roll, yaw, and combinations of the foregoing. 
         [0137]    26. The GUI apparatus of embodiment 21, comprising: a fourth selection bar (visually independent from the third selection bar, as well as the first and second selection bars), comprising an optionally selected fourth element; wherein the selected fourth element depends on the selected first element, the optionally selected second element, and the optionally selected third element; wherein the GUI commands further: (1) control navigation of the fourth selection bar; and (2) select the optionally selected fourth element. 
         [0138]    27. A graphical user interface (GUI), comprising: a display device; means for displaying a three or higher dimensional (3+D) graphical user interface (GUI) on the display device; and a remote controller, whereby the GUI is controlled. 
         [0139]    28. The GUI of embodiment 27, wherein the remote controller comprises: one or more diagonal buttons, whereby a third or higher dimensional selection bar is navigated in the 3+D GUI. 
         [0140]    29. The GUI of embodiment 28, wherein the remote controller may issue one or more commands selected from one of a group of commands consisting of: go left, go right, go up, go down, select, exit, previous selection, escape, and go diagonally. 
         [0141]    30. The GUI of embodiment 27, wherein the remote controller comprises: one or more sensors that detect positional movements in three dimensions. 
         [0142]    31. The GUI of embodiment 30, wherein the remote controller comprises: one or more sensors that detect movements selected from a group of movements consisting of: pitch, roll, yaw, and combinations of the foregoing. 
         [0143]    32. The GUI of embodiment 27, wherein the display device is selected from a group of display devices consisting of: a TV, a flat screen monitor, a three dimensional TV, a holographic 3D TV, an anaglyphic 3D TV (viewed with passive red-cyan glasses), a polarization 3D TV (viewed with passive polarized glasses), an alternate-frame sequencing 3D TV (viewed with active shutter glasses/headgear), and an autostereoscopic 3D TV (viewed without glasses or headgear). 
         [0144]    Embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to flowcharted illustrations of methods and systems according to embodiments of the invention. These methods and systems can also be implemented as computer program products. In this regard, each block or step of a flowchart, and combinations of blocks (and/or steps) in a flowchart, can be implemented by various means, such as hardware, firmware, and/or software including one or more computer program instructions embodied in computer-readable program code logic. As will be appreciated, any such computer program instructions may be loaded onto a computer, including without limitation a general purpose computer or special purpose computer, or other programmable processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the computer program instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable processing apparatus create means for implementing the functions specified in the block(s) of the flowchart(s). 
         [0145]    Accordingly, blocks of the flowcharts support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of steps for performing the specified functions, and computer program instructions, such as embodied in computer-readable program code logic means, for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems which perform the specified functions or steps, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer-readable program code logic means. 
         [0146]    Furthermore, these computer program instructions, such as embodied in computer-readable program code logic, may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the block(s) of the flowchart(s). The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable processing apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable processing apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the block(s) of the flowchart(s). 
         [0147]    Although the description above contains many details, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the scope of the present invention fully encompasses other embodiments which may become obvious to those skilled in the art, and that the scope of the present invention is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than the appended claims, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless explicitly so stated, but rather “one or more.” All structural, chemical, and functional equivalents to the elements of the above-described preferred embodiment that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Moreover, it is not necessary for a device or method to address each and every problem sought to be solved by the present invention, for it to be encompassed by the present claims. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”