Abstract:
Methods, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for reducing interference between wireless network cells. The embodiments may include: transmitting, by a base station, a physical broadcast channel in predetermined time slots in a frame; receiving, by the base station, interference information for other base stations indicating interference levels associated with its wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs); wherein particular neighboring base stations having high interference are identified based on the received interference information; and reducing, by the base station, transmission power in the predetermined time slots in response to the interference levels.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/850,824, filed on Mar. 26, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/207,875, filed Aug. 11, 2011, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,412,220 on Apr. 2, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/604,851, filed Oct. 23, 2009, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,000,734 on Aug. 16, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/260,338, filed Oct. 29, 2008, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,610,059 on Oct. 27, 2009, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/268,925, filed Nov. 8, 2005, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,447,517 on Nov. 4, 2008, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/749,905, filed Dec. 31, 2003, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,970,713 on Nov. 29, 2005, which in turn claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/485,762 filed on Jul. 9, 2003, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to wireless communication systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to optimizing available resources in wireless communication systems. 
         [0003]    Wireless communication systems typically use a Broadcast Channel (BCH) to communicate control information to facilitate communications between wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) and the system. For example, the BCH is used to communicate to WTRUs information regarding the Radio Access Network (RAN) as well as information specific to the cell, even before the WTRUs are connected. In Time Division Duplex (TDD) type systems, for example, the BCH is transmitted on the Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH). Wireless communication can also have other common control channels which are transmitted on Common Physical Channels (CPCH). For example, in TDD systems, the Forward Access Channel (FACH) is mapped on the Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH). Both PCCPCH and SCCPCH are examples of CPCH. The same reserved timeslots are typically used throughout a wireless communication system for transmitting the CPCH. It is noted that the term “CPCH timeslot” is used to refer to any timeslot that is used to transmit CPCH in the system. 
         [0004]    Depending on the performance of the WTRUs as well as the RF isolation between cells, a TDD type system may be able to only use a single timeslot throughout the system to transmit its CPCH or it may have to use more than one timeslot to allow neighboring cells to use different timeslots and thus ensure good CPCH reception. The use of more than one timeslot to transmit a CPCH throughout a system is referred to as “CPCH timeslot reuse.” On one hand, dedicating a certain number of timeslots strictly for purposes of transmitting the CPCH (i.e. forbidding their use for dedicated channels (DCH)) can lead to inefficient use of the spectrum that in turn translates into capacity loss. On the other hand, reusing CPCH timeslots to transmit DCH signals (i.e. user traffic or DCH traffic) is not done since it leads to highly interfered CPCH signals which could result into CPCH reception problems for WTRUs in some areas. Poor CPCH reception has many negative impacts on wireless communication systems. For example, poor CPCH reception may result in extended time periods for WTRUs trying to access the system, degradation of key radio resource management functions such as handoffs and power control, and service holes for the BCH and FACH. 
         [0005]    In currently known wireless communication systems, a certain number of timeslots are dedicated solely for transmitting the CPCH with no attempt to reuse those timeslots for DCHs (i.e. user traffic). Therefore, it is desirable to have a method and system where timeslots used for transmitting the CPCH may be reused for user traffic. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    Embodiments include methods, systems, and apparatuses for reducing interference between wireless network cells. The embodiments may include: transmitting, by a base station, a physical broadcast channel in predetermined time slots in a frame; receiving, by the base station, interference information for other base stations indicating interference levels associated with its wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs); wherein particular neighboring base stations having high interference are identified based on the received interference information; and reducing, by the base station, transmission power in the predetermined time slots in response to the interference levels. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]    A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
           [0008]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of three cells within a wireless communication system; 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  is a method wherein timeslots used in a wireless communication system for transmitting Common Physical Channels (CPCH), i.e. CPCH timeslots, may be reused for user traffic; and 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  is a wireless communication system wherein timeslots used in a wireless communication system for transmitting Common Physical Channels (CPCH), i.e. CPCH timeslots, may be reused for user traffic. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0011]    Hereafter, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes but is not limited to a user equipment, mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, pager, or any other type of device capable of operating in a wireless environment. When referred to hereafter, a base station (BS) includes but is not limited to a Node-B, site controller, access point or any other type of interfacing device in a wireless environment. Further, it is noted that, the notion of Common Physical Channel (CPCH) relates to transmission and/or reception of any type of control information and encompasses all common physical channels including Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH) on which the broadcast channel (BCH) is transmitted and the Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH) on which the Forward Access Channel (FACH) is transmitted. When reference is made to CPCH timeslots, it is noted that the CPCH timeslots are the timeslots in which a CPCH is being transmitted. Further, when a cell is said to be handling user traffic, the cell may be transmitting, receiving, or transmitting and receiving user traffic. 
         [0012]    In order to ensure adequate CPCH reception, wireless communication systems may have to dedicate a plurality of timeslots for the CPCH throughout the system. Allocating a plurality of timeslots as CPCH timeslots allows one cell, say cell A, to transmit its CPCH in a different timeslot than a neighboring cell, say cell B in order to reduce the amount of intercell interference perceived by the WTRU trying to detect the CPCH of one of the two cells. However, the CPCH timeslot used by cell A to transmit its CPCH is not used by cell B where cell B uses another CPCH timeslot to transmit its CPCH. As explained further in connection with method  200 , however, the present invention enables cell B to handle user traffic in the CPCH timeslot used by cell A, and vice versa. That is, cell A may handle user traffic in the CPCH timeslot used by cell B. 
         [0013]    Referring initially to  FIG. 1 , there is shown three cells  102 ,  104 ,  106 . Assume, the wireless communication system to which cells  102 ,  104 ,  106  belong has allocated timeslots  1 ,  2 , and  3  for transmission of the CPCH. That is, timeslots  1 ,  2 , and  3  are CPCH timeslots. Further assume that cell  102  is transmitting its CPCH in timeslot  1 , cell  104  is transmitting its CPCH in timeslot  2 , and cell  106  is transmitting its CPCH in timeslot  3 . 
         [0014]    According to the present invention, a particular cell may reuse CPCH timeslots used by other cells to transmit their CPCH, for purposes of handling user traffic in the particular cell, assuming the CPCH timeslots being used by the other cells to transmit CPCH are different from the CPCH timeslot being used by the particular cell to transmit its own CPCH. That is, taking cell  102  as an example, cell  102  is able to handle user traffic (i.e. DCH traffic) in timeslots  2  and  3  at a particular power level that will not result in unacceptable CPCH performance degradation in cells  104  and  106 . Cells  104  and  106  will permit cell  102  to reuse their CPCH timeslots for user traffic so long as such reuse does not result in degradation of CPCH performance for their own users. The power level at which one cell may handle user traffic in a CPCH timeslot being used by another cell to transmit its CPCH is denoted P max   _   dch   _   cpch . 
         [0015]    To further explain, assume cell  102  is reusing the CPCH timeslot used by cell  104  for CPCH, which as explained above is timeslot  2 , for user traffic. Cell  104  will allow cell  102  to use timeslot  2  for user traffic so long as cell  102 ′s use of timeslot  2  does not result in degradation of CPCH performance in cell  104 . This requires the system to perform the following actions: monitor CPCH performance in each cell, identify any CPCH performance degradation in a cell due to reuse of the CPCH timeslot by other cells to transmit user traffic, and finally identify the cell(s) responsible for potential CPCH performance degradation and ensure that the adequate CPCH performance level is restored. There are many ways in which a cell may monitor CPCH performance. For example, the system may collect, in each cell, CPCH quality metrics reported by each mobile. The metrics are preferably collected by base stations (BSs) operating within the system. 
         [0016]    Examples of CPCH quality metrics specific to the Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH), for example, include but are not limited to BCH reading time and Signal-to-Interference Ratios (SIR) perceived by a WTRU on the PCCPCH. Similarly, examples of CPCH quality metrics specific to the SCCPCH include but are not limited FACH Block Error Rate (BLER), FACH Bit Error Rate (BER), and Signal-to-Interference Ratios (SIR) perceived by a WTRU for the SCCPCH. Each CPCH quality metric collected by a cell is preferably associated with a specific area of the cell. An area of a cell can be represented as an angular section of the cell or any arbitrary division of the overall geographical area of the cell. In order for the BS of a cell to associate each CPCH quality metric it collects to a specific area of a cell, it has to be able to locate the position of the WTRU which reported the CPCH quality metric. 
         [0017]    Possible ways in which the system can identify the location of the WTRU include but are not limited to the use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) in the WTRU and triangulation techniques based on delay of arrivals, or measured power from neighboring BS. As each cell in the system is able to collect CPCH quality metrics from a large number of WTRUs and associate them to specific areas of the cell, the system is able to obtain, for each area of each cell, a distribution of the CPCH quality metric. An example of the form that could take this distribution is a histogram in which each bin would correspond to a small interval of the quality metric. 
         [0018]    Prior to the system trying to reuse the CPCH timeslots for user traffic, the system collects enough statistics from the WTRUs to obtain statistically stable distributions for each area of each cell. These distributions are referred to as baseline CPCH quality distributions and will be used by the system as a comparison benchmark in order to identify any degradation in CPCH quality in any area of any cell. If the system identifies an area of a cell where CPCH performance is degraded, the system identifies the cell responsible for the interference and reduces this interference to a level which would restore the previous state where CPCH quality was deemed acceptable. To achieve this, the system preferably uses a database containing a pre-determined mapping which associates each area of each cell with its strongest interfering cell(s). Therefore, where cell  104  identifies area  108 , for example, as being the area of unacceptable CPCH performance, it is evident that the cause of the degradation is cell  102 ′s reuse of timeslot  2  for user traffic. In this case, in cell  102 , timeslot  2  is identified as aggressive, meaning reuse of timeslot  2  by cell  102  has resulted in degradation of CPCH performance in the cell  104  which is using timeslot  2  to transmit its CPCH. Therefore, cell  102  has to decrement the power it is using for user traffic in timeslot  2  and is no longer able to try to increase the power at which it reuses timeslot  2  for user traffic. It is noted that cell  102  may have timeslot  2  tagged as aggressive while other cells such as, for example  106 , may have timeslot  2  tagged as non-aggressive. That is, timeslot  2  may be considered aggressive with respect to cell  102 , but not cell  106  meaning cell  106  can still reuse timeslot  2  for user traffic. 
         [0019]    Referring now to  FIG. 2 , there is shown a method  200  wherein timeslots used in a wireless communication system for transmitting the CPCH (i.e. CPCH timeslots) may be reused for user traffic. It is noted that method  200  may be implemented in any number of cells as desired. Method  200  begins with step  202  where, for each cell a tag is placed on the CPCH timeslots that the cell is not using to transmit its own CPCH. The tag identifies CPCH timeslots as being non-aggressive, meaning they are not causing degradation of another cell&#39;s CPCH performance. Also, in step  202 , for each cell, the power at which the cell is permitted to transmit user traffic in a CPCH timeslot (i.e. P max   _   dch   _   cpch ) is set to zero for all CPCH timeslots. That is, for each cell, the P max   _   dch   _   cpch  of each CPCH timeslot is set to zero. Further, in step  202 , the system collects CPCH quality metrics for each area of each cell, thus obtaining statistically stable baseline distributions that will be used as benchmarks in step  214 . 
         [0020]    From step  202 , the method  200  proceeds to step  204  where, for each cell, a tag is placed on the CPCH timeslot that the cell is using to transmit its own CPCH as aggressive. This will prevent a cell from handling user traffic in a CPCH timeslot that the cell is using itself for transmission of the CPCH. In step  206 , it is determined whether all cells have all their CPCH timeslots either set as aggressive or have their P max   _   dch   _   cpch  set to P max  where P max  corresponds to the maximum power a BS is allowed or able to transmit in a timeslot. For example, P max  for a BS allowed or able to transmit up to 43 dBm is 43 dBm. 
         [0021]    If the result of step  206  is yes, the method  200  ends in step  208 . By way of explanation, when a cell has a CPCH timeslot tagged as aggressive, it indicates that the cell is already transmitting at a power beyond which it would degrade the CPCH reception of at least one of its neighboring cells. When a cell has a CPCH timeslot for P max   _   dch   _   cpch  is set to P max , it indicates that the cell is already fully reusing this CPCH timeslot for user traffic. Therefore, if either of the above-mentioned conditions are fulfilled for all CPCH timeslots of all cells, the system is in a state where cells are not able to further increase the reuse of CPCH for user traffic. In other words, the system is in a state where cells are not able to further increase P max   _   dch   _   cpch  of any of their CPCH timeslots and the method  200  ends. 
         [0022]    If the result in step  206  is no, the method  200  proceeds to step  210 . In step  210 , for each cell, the P max   _   dch   _   cpch  of each CPCH timeslot that is not tagged as aggressive and has its P max   _   dch   _   cpch  set lower than P max , is incremented by a predetermined amount, say P_increment. Then, in step  212 , the system collects measurements on CPCH performance and obtains, for each area of each cell, distributions of CPCH quality metrics. 
         [0023]    In step  214 , it is determined whether the CPCH performance is unacceptable in any area of any cell. This is accomplished by comparing the distribution of CPCH quality measurement collected for every area of every cell with the baseline distributions collected in step  202  and identifying any area having unacceptable quality measurements. If no, the method  200  returns to step  206 . If yes, the method  200  proceeds to step  218 . Then, the cell(s) that are causing the CPCH performance degradation is identified (step  218 ). This is accomplished by looking up a database containing a predetermined mapping which associates each area within each cell to their strongest interfering cell(s) so that where degradation is identified in a particular area, the system knows who the offending cell(s) is (are). For example, referring back to  FIG. 1 , area  108  is mapped to cell  102 . 
         [0024]    In step  220 , P max   _   dch   _   cpch  of the offending cell(s) is decremented by P_increment for the CPCH timeslot where CPCH performance degradation was measured and that CPCH timeslot is tagged as aggressive with respect to the offending cell(s) identified in step  218 . Once step  220  is complete, the method  200  returns to step  206 . 
         [0025]    Referring now to  FIG. 3 , there is shown a wireless communication system  300  wherein timeslots used in a wireless communication system for transmitting the CPCH (i.e. CPCH timeslots) may be reused for user traffic. The system includes at least one radio network controller (RNC)  302  and a plurality of cells  304 ,  306 ,  308 . In this embodiment, the system  300  is shown as being deployed with an omnidirectional deployment wherein there is a BS  305 ,  307 ,  309  for each cell  304 ,  306 ,  308 . The system  300  could of course be deployed with a sectored deployment, wherein a single BS is provided for cells  304 ,  306 ,  308 . 
         [0026]    As explained above, a plurality of timeslots are typically designated as CPCH timeslots and are used by the cells for transmitting the CPCH. Assume, in this embodiment that three timeslots  1 ,  2 ,  3 , have again been designated as CPCH timeslots for system  300 . Therefore, all of the cells making up system  300  will transmit their CPCH in one of the three CPCH timeslots. For simplicity, only three cells  304 ,  306 ,  308  of system  300  are shown, but of course system  300  may have any number of cells as desired. Because there are only three cells, each cell may use a different CPCH timeslot for transmitting its CPCH. Where there are more cells, they will share the allocated CPCH timeslots in the same manner. That is, where there are ninety cells and three CPCH timeslots, for example, each of the ninety cells will use one of the three CPCH timeslots for transmitting its CPCH. 
         [0027]    In system  300 , assume cell  306  is transmitting its CPCH in CPCH timeslot  1 , cell  304  is transmitting its CPCH in CPCH timeslot  2 , and cell  308  is transmitting its CPCH in timeslot  3 . For each area of each cell, CPCH performance is monitored and if it becomes unacceptable, the area within the cell where the unacceptable CPCH is concentrated is identified. Therefore, the BS  305 ,  307 ,  309  of cells  304 ,  306 ,  308  each include a processor  310 ,  312 ,  314  for collecting CPCH readings or any other metric of CPCH performance from WTRUs operating within their cell. Where CPCH is identified as being unacceptable in any of the cells, the locations of the WTRUs that are reporting the poor CPCH measurements is identified. The BS  305 ,  307 ,  309  of cells  304 ,  306 ,  308  may each include a separate processor  316 ,  318 ,  320  for locating WTRUs, or that functionality may be performed in processors  310 ,  312 ,  314 . 
         [0028]    The RNC  302  to which data collected in each cell is reported also includes at least one processor  322  for determining when CPCH has degraded to an unacceptable level and coordinating each cell&#39;s reuse of CPCH timeslots for user traffic. In coordinating each cell&#39;s reuse of CPCH timeslots for user traffic, the RNC  302  will inform each cell at P max   _   dch   _   cpch  they may transmit user traffic, if at all, in the CPCH timeslots being used by their neighboring cells to transmit CPCH. Where CPCH performance has degraded to an unacceptable level in a particular area of any particular cell, say cell  306 , as a result of another cell&#39;s, say cell  308 , reuse of the CPCH timeslot cell  306  is using to transmit its CPCH (i.e. CPCH timeslot  1 ), the RNC  302  will ensure the BS  309  of cell  308  decreases the power at which it is reusing timeslot  1  for user traffic back to a level which does not impair CPCH performance in cell  306 . The RNC  302  will preferably prevent cell  308  from further increasing the power (i.e. P max   _   dch   _   cpch ) that is used for user traffic in CPCH timeslot  1 . 
         [0029]    It is important to note that the present invention may be implemented in any type of wireless communication system employing any type of time division duplex (TDD) technology, as desired. By way of example, the present invention may be implemented in UMTS-TDD, TDSCDMA, or any other type of wireless communication system. Further, while the present invention has been described in terms of various embodiments, other variations, which are within the scope of the invention as outlined in the claim below will be apparent to those skilled in the art.