Abstract:
Check processing involves scanning a back of a check having no authorization data printed thereon and also scanning a front of the check having preprinted magnetic ink characters, electronically generating authorization data indicating that processing payment of the check has been completed and the check is valid based on a reading of the magnetic characters and a response from an external analysis source, generating an electronic merged image by electronically combining back image data captured during the scanning of the back of the check with generated authorization data, and storing the electronic merged image with the front image data captured during the scanning of the front of the check. Moreover, these operations are performed in a single pass of the check in one direction through a transportation path of a check processing apparatus. No printing of any data is required. The check processing can be embodied in a method, apparatus, or instructions embodied on a machine-readable medium.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 on, U.S. application Ser. No. 11/746,973, filed May 10, 2007, which is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 on, U.S. application Ser. No. 11/116,593, filed Apr. 28, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,219,831. The contents of each of these related applications is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a method, a program medium, and an apparatus for processing checks in conjunction with using checks to complete financial transactions. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    When a check is processed for payment in a bank, authorization data indicating that the check has been processed is imprinted on the back of the check. The front and back of the check imprinted with this authorization data are then scanned and the captured image data is stored so that the image data can be retrieved and used as proof or evidence of transaction if the customer, bank, or store later questions the transaction. 
         [0006]    Check processing apparatuses such as these used in banks therefore typically have the following devices positioned along the check transportation path in order starting from the upstream end: a magnetic ink character recognition reader (MICR) for reading magnetic ink characters printed on each check, a print head for printing the authorization data, and two image scanners for scanning the front and back sides of each check. 
         [0007]    Thus positioning scanners for scanning the front and back sides of the check downstream from the print head increases the length of the check transportation path and thus increases the size of the apparatus. Furthermore, if the magnetic ink character area of the check is also scanned in order to complement the MICR function, a third scanner must also be positioned upstream of the MICR. This obviously further increases the size and parts count of the apparatus. 
         [0008]    If scanners for scanning the front and back of the check are positioned upstream of the print head and the back of the check with imprinted authorization data is also to be scanned, the check must be reinserted after the authorization data is printed in order to scan the back side of the check. Operation is thus more complicated and inefficient. 
         [0009]    To avoid the foregoing problem, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application 2000-344428 discloses a check processing apparatus having a U-shaped check transportation path with a scanner, print head, and MICR positioned in sequence from the upstream side. After printing the check, this check processing apparatus changes the check transportation path and repeats the check scanning operation. 
         [0010]    This check processing apparatus has two drive rollers positioned along the check transportation path and one transportation roller in proximity to the check exit. A reversible motor rotationally drives these other rollers by way of an intervening gear train. The gear train turns the transportation roller forward or reverse according to the direction the motor is driving, but the drive rollers always turn in the forward direction regardless of which direction the motor is turning. More specifically, the direction in which the motor turns controls whether a check is conveyed to and discharged from the check exit, or whether the transportation path is changed by a guide for changing the transportation path and the check is thus returned to the check transportation path. 
         [0011]    The check processing apparatus thus arranged scans the front of the check, reads the magnetic ink characters, prints the check, conveys the check to near the check exit during a first pass of the check through the transportation path, and then reverses the transportation rollers to return the check to near the check insertion slot. The back of the check is then printed during a second pass of the check through the transportation path. 
         [0012]    After then conveying the check to near the check exit again, the transportation roller is again reversed to return the check to near the check insertion opening. The printed face of the check is then scanned during a third pass through the transportation path to near the check exit, and the feed roller drives forward to discharge the check from the exit. If the back of the check is to be scanned after the back is printed, the check is again returned to near the check insertion opening after the third pass, and the back of the check is then scanned during a fourth pass. 
         [0013]    The foregoing check processing apparatus thus reduces the size of the apparatus while enabling scanning both the front and back sides of a printed check with a single check insertion operation. However, the construction and control of this check processing apparatus are relatively complex, and check processing requires a long time. The likelihood of paper jams also increases because each check is conveyed multiple times through the transportation path. 
       OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 
       [0014]    An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a check processing method, a program, and a check processing apparatus for generating an electronic merged image in which image data captured from the back of a printed check is combined with authorization data in a single pass of the check in one direction through a transportation path of such an apparatus. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0015]    To achieve the foregoing object, a check processing method according to the present invention comprises scanning a back of a check having no authorization data printed thereon; scanning a front of the check to capture a front image of the check, the front of the check being preprinted with magnetic ink characters; generating authorization data indicating that processing payment of the check has been completed and that the check is valid based on a reading of the magnetic ink characters and a response from an external analysis source, the authorization data being generated electronically and not being printed on the check; generating an electronic merged image by electronically combining back image data captured during the scanning of the back of the check with the generated authorization data, the electronic merged image being generated without printing any data; and storing the electronic merged image with the front image. Moreover, the steps of scanning the back and front of the check, generating authorization data, and generating the electronic merged image are performed in a single pass of the check in one direction through a transportation path of a check processing apparatus. 
         [0016]    In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a check processing apparatus configured to communicate with a host device is provided. Such apparatus comprises a transportation path for conveying a check from a check insertion opening to an exit opening; a transportation mechanism that conveys the check through the transportation path; a scanning component that captures both a back image of the check and a front image of the check conveyed through the transportation path; an authorization data component that sends a request to the host device for electronic authorization data indicating that processing payment of the check has been completed and that the check is valid based on a reading of magnetic ink characters preprinted on the check and a response from an external analysis source, wherein the authorization data component receives the requested electronic authorization data from the host device if the check is determined to be valid; a merged image generating component that generates an electronic merged image by combining back image data captured during the capturing of the back image with the received electronic authorization data; and a memory that stores the electronic merged image with the front image. The apparatus is further configured such that the back and front images are captured, the authorization data is requested, and the electronic merged image is generated in a single pass of the check in one direction through the transportation path. 
         [0017]    The present invention is well adapted for use in a check processing apparatus that does not have print capability, thus allowing for a more simplified arrangement of the check processing apparatus. Furthermore, the invention can be employed in completely or substantially paperless systems that involve transfer of electronic data between multiple companies and\or financial institutions. 
         [0018]    A check typically has an endorsement area where information is written or printed by a payee of the check. This information verifies that the check was used in a particular business and may include banking account information for that business, such as a store where the check is used. In generating the merged image the authorization data may be merged so that it appears outside the endorsement area. In that case, information written or printed in the endorsement area by the business is not lost or visually obscured as a result of the merging process. 
         [0019]    In another aspect, the invention includes a medium readable by a machine embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine to execute the operations of a check processing method as described herein. 
         [0020]    Other objects and attainments together with a fuller understanding of the invention will become apparent and appreciated by referring to the following description and claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0021]      FIG. 1A  is a plan view showing a typical face of check; 
           [0022]      FIG. 1B  is a plan view showing a typical back of check; 
           [0023]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram showing a check processing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0024]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram showing the transportation path in a hybrid processing apparatus having the function of a check processing apparatus according to the present invention; 
           [0025]      FIG. 4  is a control block diagram of a check processing apparatus according to the present invention; 
           [0026]      FIG. 5  is a flow chart showing an operation from check scanning to printing; 
           [0027]      FIG. 6A  illustrates generating the merged image data in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0028]      FIG. 6B  shows the printed back of check; 
           [0029]      FIG. 7A  illustrates a use of the merged image data produced in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0030]      FIG. 7B  shows the image data of both sides of check C printed on a single page; 
           [0031]      FIG. 8  illustrates another use of the merged image data produced in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0032]      FIG. 9A  is a plan view showing a face of substitute check generated using a check processing apparatus according to the present invention; and 
           [0033]      FIG. 9B  is a plan view showing a back of substitute check generated using a check processing apparatus according to the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0034]    A check processing method, program embodied on a medium, and check processing apparatus according to preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying figures. 
         [0035]    An electronic payment process using a check is described first briefly below. 
         [0036]    As shown in  FIG. 1A , a check serial number  91  and account-holder name  92  are preprinted on the face of the check C together with spaces for writing the date  93 , payee  94 , check amount  95 ,  96 , and a signature line  97 . The bank identification number, account number, and check number are also printed in magnetic ink characters (MIC)  98  along the bottom on the check face. Validity of the check C is determined by reading and referencing the information printed in the magnetic ink characters  98  using a magnetic ink character reader (MICR)  13  (see  FIG. 4 ). 
         [0037]    The check user writes the date, payee, and payment amount on the face of the check C and then signs the check C before handing the check to the store clerk, for example. As shown in  FIG. 1B , the clerk then writes or prints an endorsement in a specific endorsement area on the back of the check. The endorsement typically includes information proving that the check C was used, as well as deposit information. The store then delivers the check C to a bank where the store has an account. Note that there are two endorsement areas on the back of the check: endorsement area C 1  used for the store endorsement, and a bank processing area C 2  used by the bank or other financial institution for printing authorization data. The store endorsement is thus written or printed in endorsement area C 1 . 
         [0038]    When a bank receives a check that has been processed by a store or other business, the bank may print the check amount on the face of the check C in magnetic ink characters as may be needed using a printer other than that of the hybrid processing apparatus  1  according to the present invention. The check amount may also be printed on the face of the check C using the printing unit  120  of the hybrid processing apparatus  1  according to this embodiment of the invention. The magnetic ink characters  98  preprinted on the check C are then read using an MICR  13 , and if the check is determined to be valid, authorization data d indicating that check processing has been completed by the bank is printed in the bank processing area C 2  on the back of the check C. The front and back of the check C are then scanned and saved as image data. Note that while the content of the authorization data d includes the bank name, bank tracking number, processing date, and processing number, it may include other content depending upon the bank. 
         [0039]    The bank then transfers the specified check amount from the bank account of the checking account holder to the bank account of the store where the check C was used. If the check is drawn on an account in a bank other than the same bank where the store has an account, the check C data, including the check number and amount, is sent to that other bank, that is, the bank on which the check is drawn, for processing. 
         [0040]    The arrangement of a check processing apparatus  10  according to the present invention is described next below. As shown in  FIG. 2 , a check processing apparatus  10  according to the present invention is composed of a hybrid processing apparatus  1  for scanning, reading and printing checks C, and a host computer  50  connected to the hybrid processing apparatus  1  for controlling generating the authorization data d and the hybrid processing apparatus  1 . 
         [0041]    The host computer  50  has an input device such as a keyboard  51  and mouse  52  for data entry, and an output device such as a display monitor  53  for displaying error messages, prompts, and check C image data. The host computer  50  communicates with the hybrid processing apparatus  1  via a wired connection such as a USB (Universal Serial Bus), parallel interface, LAN, or other cable, or via a wireless connection such as a wireless LAN or Bluetooth interface. Note that a wired connection is shown in  FIG. 2  by way of example only. 
         [0042]    The host computer  50  is also connected over a network (such as the Internet) to a transaction processing server for verifying check C validity. The host computer  50  receives check data read by the MICR  13  of the hybrid processing apparatus  1  (see  FIG. 4 ) and sends the check data to the transaction processing server. Whether the check C is valid or invalid is then determined based on the response from the transaction processing server. 
         [0043]    The arrangement of a hybrid processing apparatus  1  according to this embodiment of the invention is described next. 
         [0044]    As shown in  FIG. 2  the hybrid processing apparatus  1  has an image scanning unit  100  (also shown in  FIG. 3 ) forming a U-shaped transportation path P for transporting checks C for scanning, a magnetic ink character reader (MICR)  110  (see  FIG. 3 ) for reading magnetic ink characters preprinted on the check C, a printing unit  120  for printing authorization data on the check C, and a transportation mechanism  20  (see  FIG. 3 ) for conveying checks C through the transportation path P. 
         [0045]    As shown in  FIG. 3 , the generally U-shaped transportation path P is a slit-shaped path formed between an outside guide  2   a  and an inside guide  2   b , and has straight portions  35   a  and  35   b  and a U-shaped portion  34  formed between and communicating with both straight portions  35   a  and  35   b.    
         [0046]    When an operator inserts a check C from the check insertion opening  3  to the transportation path P, the transportation mechanism  20  conveys the check C through the straight portion  35   a  in the direction of arrow A, through the U-shaped portion  34  into straight portion  35   b , through straight portion  35   b  in the direction of arrow B, and then discharges the check C from the check exit  4 . Note that the direction of check transportation changes 180 degrees from the insertion direction indicated by arrow A as the check passes through the U-shaped portion  34 . More specifically, the transportation mechanism  20  bends the check C in a U-shape as the check C travels through the transportation path P. 
         [0047]    Note further that this hybrid processing apparatus  1  is arranged so that the front of the check C normally faces the inside guide  2   b  as the check C is conveyed through the transportation path P. 
         [0048]    The transportation mechanism  20  has first transportation rollers  6 , second transportation rollers  7 , and discharge rollers  8 . These roller sets  6 ,  7 , and  8  are gripping rollers each having a drive roller  6   a ,  7   a ,  8   a  driven by a motor  40  shown in  FIG. 4 , and a pressure roller (driven roller)  6   b ,  7   b ,  8   b  for pressing a check C against the opposing drive roller. 
         [0049]    The first transportation rollers  6  are positioned in a first corner part of the transportation path P. A bottom of form (BOF) detector  9  is positioned upstream of the first transportation rollers  6 , and a top of form (TOF) detector  16  is positioned downstream of the first transportation rollers  6 . The BOF detector  9  and TOF detector  16  are reflecting or transmitting type photodetectors for detecting the leading edge and trailing edge of a check C traveling through the transportation path P. Driving of the motor  40  starts when the BOF detector  9  detects the leading edge, and the first transportation rollers  6 , second transportation rollers  7 , and discharge rollers  8  thus start turning. 
         [0050]    Two scanners  11 ,  12  and the MICR  13  are positioned along the U-shaped portion  34  between the TOF detector  16  and the second transportation rollers  7 . The two scanners  11 ,  12  constitute the image scanning unit  100  for scanning the back and front of the check. The MICR  13  constitutes a magnetic ink character reading unit  110 , shown in  FIG. 4 . 
         [0051]    These two scanners  11 ,  12  are contact image sensor (CIS) or charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors for scanning checks C. The back scanner  11  is positioned on the outside guide  2   a  side of the transportation path P for capturing images from the back side of each check C. The front scanner  12  is likewise positioned on the inside guide  2   b  side of the transportation path P for capturing images from the face of each check C. Pressure members (rollers)  11   a ,  12   a  opposing scanners  11 ,  12 , respectively, with the transportation path P therebetween press the check C against the scanner  11 ,  12  surface for imaging. 
         [0052]    The MICR  13  is a magnetic reading detector having a magnetic head for reading magnetic ink characters printed on the surface of the check C, and is thus positioned on the inside guide  2   b  side of the transportation path P so that the MICR  13  faces the front of the check C. A pressure member (pad)  13   a  is positioned opposite the MICR  13  with the transportation path P therebetween for pressing the check C against the MICR  13  when reading the magnetic ink characters. 
         [0053]    The second transportation rollers  7  are located in a second corner part of the transportation path P. The discharge rollers  8  are positioned downstream from the second transportation rollers  7  near the check exit  4 . A print head  14 , comprising the printing unit  120  shown in  FIG. 4 , is positioned in the straight portion  35   b  between the second transportation rollers  7  and discharge rollers  8 . The print head  14  is mounted on a carriage  15 , which can move along a guide shaft  15   a . The print head  14  can thus be moved by way of the carriage  15  to a retracted position  19  and to a printing area  18  for printing on checks C. 
         [0054]    To print on a check C, the print head  14  is stopped at a specific position in the printing area  18  and is then driven synchronized to check C transportation to print on the check C. Though described in further detail below, if roll paper is transported through this straight portion  35   b  while a check C is not in the transportation path P, the roll paper can be printed by synchronizing roll paper transportation (sub-scanning) to print head  14  movement (main scanning). 
         [0055]    The discharge rollers  8  and check exit  4  are positioned downstream from the print head  14 . When printing is completed, the check C is thus discharged from the check exit  4  by the discharge rollers  8 . A discharge detector (not shown in the figure) comprised of a reflecting or transmitting photodetector is also positioned near the discharge rollers  8  for detecting if the printed check C has been discharged. A stacker (not shown in the figure) for collecting the discharged checks C could also be positioned downstream from the check exit  4 . 
         [0056]    The height of the outside guide  2   a  and inside guide  2   b  is less than the height (short dimension) of the conveyed check C in areas outside the U-shaped portion  34  of the transportation path where the front and back scanners  11 ,  12  and the MICR  13  are positioned. The check can thus be easily removed from the transportation path if a paper jam, for example, occurs while a check is being conveyed through the transportation path. 
         [0057]    Though not shown in the figures, a hybrid processing apparatus  1  according to this embodiment of the invention also has a roll paper transportation path overlapping part of the straight portion  35   b  of the transportation path P, in addition to the transportation path P for conveying checks C. This roll paper transportation path is substantially perpendicular to the check transportation path P (that is, arranged in the direction passing through the page on which  FIG. 3  is printed). A roll paper compartment for storing roll paper is positioned in the space between the straight portions  35   a  and  35   b  of the transportation path P. One end of the roll paper is drawn from the roll paper compartment into the roll paper transportation path, and is transported along the roll paper transportation path. If a check C is not in the transportation path P, the print head  14  moves in a main scanning direction through the printing area  18  proximally opposite the print head  14  to print on the roll paper. A hybrid processing apparatus  1  according to this embodiment of the invention can thus both print on checks C and on roll paper. 
         [0058]    The hybrid processing apparatus  1  in this embodiment of the invention also has a vertical transportation path for vertically conveying a check C inserted between the outside guide  2   a  and inside guide  2   b  from a top opening formed between the outside guide  2   a  and inside guide  2   b  near the printing area  18 . This vertical transportation path is a paper transportation path for validation printing in which a check C dropped into the transportation path from above is printed by moving the print head  14  positioned in the printing area  18  in the main scanning direction. When validation printing is completed, the check C is then discharged up and out from the transportation path. 
         [0059]    As noted above, the print head  14  in this embodiment of the invention is mounted on a carriage  15  and can thus move horizontally along the straight portion  35   b  of the transportation path P. There are thus two check C printing modes: a stationary print head mode in which the position of the print head  14  remains fixed while the check C is carried horizontally past the print head  14  for printing, and a stationary check mode in which the position of the check C remains stationary while the print head  14  is moved horizontally over the check surface for printing. 
         [0060]    When printing on roll paper the print head  14  prints one line while being carried on the carriage  15  horizontally over the paper surface. To print multiple lines, the roll paper is advanced one line (in the sub-scanning direction) after printing one line ends, and the print head  14  is then driven horizontally again (in the main scanning direction) while printing the next line. This operation repeats for each subsequent line. 
         [0061]    Scanning a check C, reading magnetic ink characters, and printing on a check C are described next. When a check C is inserted by the operator in the direction of arrow A from the check insertion opening  3 , the check C is nipped by the rollers and conveyed at a constant speed through the transportation path P. 
         [0062]    More specifically, when the check C reaches the BOF detector  9 , the BOF detector  9  detects the leading edge of the check C and thus causes the drive roller  6   a  of the first transportation rollers  6  to start turning. The check C is thus nipped by the first transportation rollers  6 , that is, is smoothly gripped between the drive roller  6   a  and pressure roller  6   b . Rotation of the drive roller  6   a  thus conveys the check C without slipping through the transportation path P guided by the outside guide  2   a  of the U-shaped portion  34 . 
         [0063]    When the leading edge of the check C conveyed by the first transportation rollers  6  reaches the TOF detector  16 , the TOF detector  16  detects the leading edge of the check C. This causes the scanners  11 ,  12  and MICR  13  downstream therefrom to turn on and enter a standby mode. A hybrid processing apparatus  1  according to this embodiment of the invention is thus arranged to prevent unnecessary power consumption by supplying power only when needed to the necessary parts, including the drive rollers. 
         [0064]    When a check C travels through the transportation path P, the back scanner  11  positioned on the outside guide  2   a  side scans the back of the check C, and the front scanner  12  positioned on the inside guide  2   b  side scans the face of the check C. The MICR  13  positioned on the inside guide  2   b  side then reads the magnetic ink characters preprinted on the check C. 
         [0065]    As described in further detail below, the front image data g 1  and the back image data g 2  captured from the check C are stored temporarily in the check front image data block  242  and check back image data block  243 , respectively, in the hybrid processing apparatus  1  (see  FIG. 4 ). The CPU  220  later retrieves the image data from memory to generate the merged image data g 3  and other processes. 
         [0066]    When the leading edge of the check C passes the TOF detector  16  and reaches the second transportation rollers  7 , the check C is nipped between the drive roller  7   a  and pressure roller  7   b  and is thus conveyed by rotation of the drive roller  7   a  into the straight portion  35   b.    
         [0067]    When the check C passes through the printing area  18  opposite the print head  14 , the print head  14  prints to the check C. The print head  14  is stopped at a predefined position in the printing area  18  at this time and is driven to print in synchronization with the movement of the check C (print medium) in the main scanning direction. 
         [0068]    After the back of the check C is printed by the print head  14 , the check C is discharged in the direction of arrow B by the discharge rollers  8 . More specifically, the drive roller  8   a  turns with the check C held between the drive roller  8   a  and pressure roller  8   b  to deliver the check C to the outside of the hybrid processing apparatus  1 , thus completing check processing. 
         [0069]    The control arrangement of the hybrid processing apparatus  1  and host computer  50  constituting the check processing apparatus  10  of the present invention is described next referring next to  FIG. 4 . 
         [0070]    The hybrid processing apparatus  1  has an image scanning unit (image scanning mechanism)  100  for scanning checks C, an MICR unit (magnetic ink character reading mechanism)  110  for reading magnetic ink characters printed on the checks C, a printing unit  120  (printing mechanism) for printing on the back of the checks C, a detection unit  130  for detecting the leading edge and trailing edge of the checks C, a drive unit  140  for driving the other parts, and a control unit  200  connected to these other parts for controlling overall operation of the hybrid processing apparatus  1 . 
         [0071]    The image scanning unit  100  includes the scanners  11 ,  12  for scanning the front and back of a check, and thus captures an image of the front and back of each check C. The magnetic ink character reading unit  110  includes the MICR  13  for reading the magnetic ink characters printed on each check C. The printing unit  120  includes the print head  14  for printing primarily the authorization data d received from the host computer  50  in the bank processing area C 2  on the back of each check C. 
         [0072]    The detection unit  130  includes the BOF detector  9  and TOF detector  16  for detecting the leading edge and trailing edge, respectively, of the check C. 
         [0073]    The drive unit  140  includes the first transportation rollers  6 , second transportation rollers  7 , and discharge rollers  8  (transportation mechanism  20 ), and the motor  40  for rotationally driving the drive rollers  6   a ,  7   a ,  8   a  of the roller sets  6 ,  7 ,  8 . 
         [0074]    The control unit  200  includes the CPU  220 , ROM  230 , RAM  240 , and input/output control apparatus  210  (referred to below as the I/O controller) connected to each other by an internal bus  250 . 
         [0075]    The ROM  230  has a control program block  231  and a control data block  232 . The control program block  231  stores a program for controlling scanning, reading and printing on a check C, a program for generating the merged image data g 3  by merging the back image data g 2  captured from the check C with the authorization data d received from the host computer  50 , and other programs run by the CPU  220 . The control data block  232  stores control data for generating the merged image data g 3  and other data tables. 
         [0076]    RAM  240  is used as working memory for the control processes run by the CPU  220 , and includes a work area block  241  for temporarily storing data and flags, a check front image data block  242  for temporarily storing front image data g 1  captured from a check C, a check back image data block  243  for temporarily storing the back image data g 2  captured from the check C, a magnetic data block  244  for temporarily storing the magnetic ink character data read from the check C, an authorization data block  245  for temporarily storing the authorization data d received from the host computer  50 , and a merged image data block  246  for temporarily storing the merged image data g 3  generated by merging the back image data g 2  and the authorization data d. 
         [0077]    The I/O controller  210  is an arrangement of gate arrays, custom IC chips, and other logic circuits for complementing the function of the CPU  220  and processing interface signals for communication with peripheral devices. The I/O controller  210  thus passes the image data captured by the scanners  11 ,  12  from the front and back sides of the check C, the magnetic data captured by the MICR  13 , and the authorization data and control data received from the host computer  50  to the internal bus  250  either directly or after processing the data, and in conjunction with the CPU  220  outputs data and control signals output from the CPU  220  to the internal bus  250  to the printing unit  120  either directly or after processing the data. 
         [0078]    Thus comprised, the CPU  220  controls the merged image data g 3  generation process and printing on a check C by controlling signal and data processing in the hybrid processing apparatus  1  according to a control program read from ROM  230  through the I/O controller  210 . 
         [0079]    The host computer  50 , which is connected to the hybrid processing apparatus  1  for use, has memory  54  such as ROM and RAM, a CPU  55  for controlling the other parts of the host computer  50 , and a driver  56 , which is a program for controlling the hybrid processing apparatus  1 . 
         [0080]    Memory  54  is used to store control data including data tables and control programs run by the CPU  55  in ROM, and as working memory for control processes and storing data temporarily in working memory and registers in RAM. This temporarily stored data includes information input by the operator (such as the bank name and number), the merged image data g 3  received from the hybrid processing apparatus  1 , and the front image data g 1  from the check C. 
         [0081]    When an authorization data request command requesting transmission of the authorization data is received from the hybrid processing apparatus  1 , the host computer  50  generates the authorization data d by adding the processing date, processing number, and other information to information stored in RAM (the bank name and number), and sends the authorization data d to the hybrid processing apparatus  1 . 
         [0082]    The check C scanning process, the magnetic ink character reading process, and check C printing process of the hybrid processing apparatus  1  are described next below with reference to the flow chart in  FIG. 5 . 
         [0083]    When a check C is fed into the hybrid processing apparatus  1  from the check insertion opening  3  (S 01 ), the check C is conveyed to a position opposite the back scanner  11  and the back scanner  11  then scans the back side of the check C (S 02 ). The CPU  220  temporarily stores the back image data g 2  captured from the check C through the I/O controller  210  to the check back image data block  243  in RAM  240 . 
         [0084]    After the back is scanned the check C is conveyed to a position opposite the front scanner  12  and the front scanner  12  thus scans the face of the check C (S 03 ). The CPU  220  then also stores this front image data g 1  from the check C through the I/O controller  210  to the check front image data block  242  in RAM  240 . 
         [0085]    After the front image data is captured the check C is conveyed to a position opposite the MICR  13  and the MICR  13  then reads the magnetic ink characters printed on the check C (S 04 ). The magnetic data captured by the MICR  13  is sent through the host computer  50  to the transaction processing server, and the host computer  50  then determines if the check C is valid or invalid based on the response from the transaction processing server (S 05 ). If the hybrid processing apparatus  1  receives a report from the host computer  50  indicating that the check C is valid (S 05  returns yes), the hybrid processing apparatus  1  sends an authorization data request command to the host computer  50 . The magnetic data from the check C is stored in the magnetic data block  244 . 
         [0086]    The host computer  50  generates and sends the authorization data d to the hybrid processing apparatus  1  (S 06 ). 
         [0087]    When the hybrid processing apparatus  1  receives the authorization data d, the hybrid processing apparatus  1  merges the back image data g 2  of the check C stored in the check back image data block  243  with the received authorization data d, and thus generates the merged image data g 3  (S 07 ). This merged image data g 3  is stored in the merged image data block  246 . 
         [0088]    The check C is then conveyed to a position opposite the print head  14 , which is standing by in the printing area  18  (see  FIG. 3 ), and the hybrid processing apparatus  1  thus prints the authorization data d on the back of the check C (S 08 ). The check C is then discharged and processing ends (S 09 ). 
         [0089]    If the hybrid processing apparatus  1  receives a report from the host computer  50  indicating that the check C is invalid (S 05  returns no), the hybrid processing apparatus  1  stops processing the check C and discharges the check without further processing (S 09 ). 
         [0090]    The merged image data g 3  could alternatively be generated by the host computer  50  merging the authorization data d generated by the host computer  50  with the front image data g 1  and back image data g 2  received from the hybrid processing apparatus  1 . 
         [0091]    Furthermore, if the host computer  50  determines that the check is valid, the host computer  50  could immediately send the authorization data d to the hybrid processing apparatus  1 . This eliminates the steps of sending, receiving, and processing the authorization data request command. 
         [0092]    Producing the merged image data g 3  is described next with reference to  FIG. 6A  and  FIG. 6B . 
         [0093]    The hybrid processing apparatus  1  generates the merged image data g 3  as shown in  FIG. 6A  by pasting the authorization data d onto the bank processing area C 2  in the back image data g 2  of the check C stored in the check back image data block  243 . The result is merged image data g 3  functionally identical to an image of the back of the check C to which the authorization data d is actually printed as shown in  FIG. 6B . The back image data g 2  of the check C is stored with specific image coordinate data in the check back image data block  243 , and the authorization data d is recorded with specific coordinate data in the authorization data block  245 . The merged image data g 3  is then produced by writing the image data and coordinate data from the check back image data block  243  and the image data and coordinate data from the authorization data block  245  to specific locations in the merged image data block  246 . The coordinate data enable pasting the authorization data d in the back image data g 2  while avoiding the endorsement area C 1  used by the store to endorse the check. The coordinate data can be an address in RAM or other such data. 
         [0094]    The merged image data g 3  thus generated is stored temporarily in the merged image data block  246 . When the merged image data g 3  is then saved as a result of a user instruction, for example, the merged image data g 3  is sent with the front image data g 1  of the check C to the host computer  50  and is stored by the host computer  50 . 
         [0095]    The merged image data g 3  can be used by displaying the merged image data g 3  on the display  53  of the host computer  50  for confirmation by the operator (see  FIG. 7A , for example), or the front image data g 1  of the check C and the merged image data g 3  representing the back of the check C after the check C is printed could be printed and output on a single page as shown in  FIG. 7B . This is convenient for outputting and storing images of both sides of the check. 
         [0096]    Furthermore, if a problem occurs the operator can enter the check serial number, account holder name, check date, or payee in the host computer  50  to search for and output the saved image data. The retrieved data can be output by displaying the data on the display  53  of the host computer  50  or using the hybrid processing apparatus  1  of the present embodiment, or by printing the data with a separate printer connected to the host computer  50 . 
         [0097]    A scanner for reading a driver license or cash or credit card, for example, could also be incorporated in this hybrid processing apparatus  1 . This enables also capturing an image of the driver license or cash or credit card presented as personal identification when cashing or using a check C, and storing the identification image with the check C image data. Yet further, the front image data g 1 , merged image data g 3 , and the image data captured from the driver license or cash or credit card can be printed on a single page as described above or displayed on the display  53  (see  FIG. 8 ). Illegal use of forged, stolen, or lost checks can thus also be prevented or reduced by also capturing an image of the user&#39;s identification. 
         [0098]    While thus featuring a compact configuration having a scanner positioned on the upstream side of the print head, a hybrid processing apparatus  1  according to this embodiment of the present invention can acquire an image that is functionally identical to an image of the back of a check C after authorization data d is printed thereto, and can acquire this image using a simple control and a single check insertion operation. 
         [0099]    Furthermore, image data that is functionally identical to an image of the back of a check C after authorization data d is printed thereto can even be acquired using a hybrid processing apparatus that does not have a printing function. 
         [0100]    While electronic payment systems enabling data read from a check to be communicated over a network for transaction processing are available, not all banks have introduced such electronic payment systems. As a result, some banks can and some banks cannot process such check data as the check amount and check number read from individual checks. 
         [0101]    Another method of processing check payments in this case is by sending a substitute check instead of the check data to banks that have not yet introduced the foregoing electronic payment system. These substitute checks have the check front image data, bank authorization data, magnetic ink character data, and check back image data printed out on a single sheet. 
         [0102]    As described above, a check processing apparatus  10  according to the present invention can generate image data that is functionally identical to an image of the back of a check after the authorization data d has been printed. The image data acquired as described above can thus be used to output a substitute check as described above. See, for example,  FIG. 9A  and  FIG. 9B . 
         [0103]    The present invention has been described using a check by way of example as the imaging medium and print medium, but the invention shall not be limited to using a check as the imaging medium or print medium. A cashier&#39;s check, promissory note, or other instrument could alternatively be used as the imaging medium or print medium. 
         [0104]    A function for selecting whether to generate the merged image data g 3  can also be rendered in the driver  56  stored on the host computer  50 . This enables even more efficient operation because the merged image data g 3  is generated only when needed. If generating the merged image data g 3  is not selected, or if the back image data is acquired after the authorization data d has been printed, the check C can be reinserted for scanning the back of the check after the authorization data d is printed and the check C is discharged. 
         [0105]    The method of operation of the check processing apparatus  10  or check processing method of the present invention as described above can also be embodied as a program on a machine-readable or computer-readable medium. 
         [0106]    Examples of such data recording media include but are not limited to CD-ROM, flash ROM, memory cards (such as Compact Flash (R), Smart media, and memory sticks), Compact Disc (R), magneto-optical disc, DVD media, and floppy disks. 
         [0107]    The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that it may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.