Abstract:
Methods and systems for optimizing the display and selection of document windows for word processing and desktop publishing in a multiple document interface. Pairs of document windows can be displayed side by side (or above and below) each other according to user preferences and without regard to the number or type of documents that have been opened. The system enables users to work with the same or different views of different documents or with different views of the same document in a highly intuitive and convenient manner.

Description:
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document, including, but not limited to, all the figures and computer code, contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office public patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to the word processing field. More specifically, this invention relates to the display of multiple documents in sophisticated desktop publishing applications running under graphical user interfaces. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The graphical user interface, as exemplified by Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh, enables users to work with more than one application program at the same time. In addition, the individual applications may have the capability of supporting many task or document windows, generally designated by the term &#34;multiple document interface&#34; (or MDI). 
     In the case of the powerful word processing applications, such as Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, and FrameMaker, the capability of performing independent work in multiple documents is generally considered an essential element of their functionality. It simply means that users do not have to close one file (by writing it from the computer&#39;s memory to a permanent storage system) before opening another file (by performing the reverse operation). There are many benefits derived from this, among which are: (i) the ability to switch, or activate, open windows quickly and so work alternately among different documents; (ii) the ability to copy, cut and paste text, graphic images, or other document objects from one window to another; and (iii) the ability to make comparisons between documents and implement revisions among different documents in a flexible manner. 
     While the multiple document interface offers many advantages over earlier interfaces, such as that provided in DOS-based applications, the potential advantage of this additional functionality of the MDI has not been fully realized in the case of word processing applications for several reasons. 
     Even though the number of document windows that may be opened is only limited by the resources of the computer hardware and the ability of the operating system and application to utilize these resources; the usefulness of having more than a few document windows open at once is limited by the inability to organize or view them in a useful fashion. In fact, because overlapping windows obscure each other, users typically see and work with just one document window at a time. This window state is described as &#34;maximized.&#34; To view another document window, users may select the chosen window from a list, and then view this one in the maximized state. An alternative for users is to use a &#34;tile&#34; command that proportional spaces the windows so that each one occupies an equal amount of the application&#39;s work space (or some other space allocation as determined by an algorithm). Although the user exposes all the windows by tiling, the visible area of each document is inevitably reduced so that, in effect, each document is partially hidden in the same way as it would be if the windows were partially overlapping. 
     Neither maximizing nor tiling is entirely satisfactory when users are working with many document windows. The inadequacy of each method increases in proportion to the number of windows that users have open. In the case of five, 10 or 15 document windows, users can continue to switch from one maximized window to another by means of a list, but it becomes increasingly difficult to identify the document that occupies each window from this list. If users choose to tile the windows, then the amount of space occupied by each window is generally insufficient to work in the document, as most of the text (even on a single line) will be hidden from view without users&#39; having constantly to scroll the window vertically or horizontally. 
     There are ergonomic considerations concerning the multiple document interface that until now appear to have been overlooked or neglected by word processing applications that are widely used for desktop publishing. These relate to the &#34;preferred&#34; way in which users work with a document. The first consideration deals with the limitations on the utility of a &#34;WYSIWYG&#34; interface and second with the &#34;natural way&#34; to work with multiple documents. 
     A key feature of sophisticated word processors is a &#34;WYSIWYG&#34; (&#34;what you see is what you get&#34;) interface. This means that users see a representation of the document on the computer screen that broadly corresponds in many details (though not all) with the document as it will appear when printed out. This WYSIWYG, or page layout, view of a document window is not necessarily the only view provided by the word processor or even the preferred view in which users work. For example, greater computer system resources are required in this view, and this can reduce the speed of the computer&#39;s response to user input as when scrolling and typing, etc. 
     It is for this reason that word processors typically offer alternative views in which users can work with a document. Among these are a draft, or text mode, and an outline mode. (The draft mode displays text in a monospaced font with virtually no details of the page layout. The outline mode displays the heading levels of a document with or without the text that constitutes the body of the document.) In addition, there is generally a &#34;normal&#34; view in which the text is displayed in the user-selected font(s) and some limited layout information is represented. The normal view represents a trade-off between optimizing use of computer system resources and the accurate representation of the document on the computer screen. This is, generally speaking, the preferred way in which users perform most word processing tasks. 
     There is a further limitation of the page layout view that is hard to overlook: the vast majority of computer monitors have a physical screen with a horizontal (or &#34;landscape&#34;) orientation, whereas the vast majority of documents composed by users in word processing applications have a vertical (or &#34;portrait&#34;) orientation, corresponding with the standard page sizes (book, letter, or legal, etc.) This anomaly means that the users with normal eyesight using normally sized computer monitors are unable to see a whole document page in a document window while continuing to compose the document. This is because the magnification of the document in the window has to be reduced to a percentage of frequently less than 50% for users to see a complete page. Since the normal size of a readable typeface is from 10 to 12 points (the range typically used in newspapers and magazines), at 50% magnification the effective point size is reduced to 5 or 6 points at the most. This is the kind of &#34;small print&#34; that is commonly associated with eyestrain in paper documents. On modern computer monitors of up to 17 inches with a Super VGA resolution of 1024 by 768 pixels a significantly better than average screen display type of this size is typically considered difficult or impossible to read. The result is even more exacerbated when the display is rendered on one of the many personal computer monitors of 14 inches many with only a VGA resolution of 640 by 480 pixels. 
     The WYSIWYG capabilities of sophisticated word processors are, therefore, often underutilized because of the impracticality of working with text of this size. A common and somewhat inconvenient method employed by users is to alternate between the normal and page layout view in the same document window. The utility of this solution decreases as the need to switch views increases. When users are performing detailed page layout work, the need to see the WYSIWYG view of the document on a constant basis becomes almost a necessity. 
     The second consideration is that work with multiple documents be performed in the &#34;natural way&#34;. A general theme of the graphical user interface (and a particular implication of the term &#34;desktop publishing&#34;) is the concept that, to a lesser or greater degree, personal computers enable users to work with applications that symbolically duplicate their real desktop environment in the virtual environment of the computer. In fact, it is a fundamental yardstick of a well-designed application that it should present users with a highly intuitive interface, meaning one that can be understood and used with the minimum requirement to learn to think in new and, at first, &#34;unnatural&#34; ways. The success of the Macintosh and of Windows is based on the simplicity of this &#34;virtual desktop&#34; metaphor. 
     In light of this, it can be inferred that the natural way to work with an application is one that most closely corresponds with the users&#39; familiar environment of the &#34;real desktop.&#34; This has very real applicability for word processing applications where almost the complete set of terms and concepts used by these programs has been acquired from the &#34;real world&#34; activities of preparing copy and art for layout and of performing typesetting and printing functions. 
     There is a particular aspect of the real desktop that appears to be overlooked or neglected by the virtual desktop of word processing applications. Users handling paper documents are likely to store them in a file cabinet; this in analogous with the file management system of the computer. The documents that users are currently working with are likely to be on their desktop; this is analogous with the open document windows in a word processor. Users may pile the current documents on top of each other or strew them across the desktop; this is analogous with the current document window being maximized and the remaining windows being hidden beneath it or with tiling all the document windows. However, users are likely to arrange the documents in some way that makes it fairly quick and easy for them to pick up the documents they need. This is where the analogy with word processing applications breaks down. In addition, when working with related documents, users may often want to place documents next to each other, and, in the case of making detailed comparisons between them, it is most likely users will want to place the documents side by side. 
     There may be a reason why it may be more natural to place documents side by side, rather than in another configuration, such as above and below or partially overlapping each other. The reason is that when documents are placed side by side, readers require less eye movement to scan between lines of text, which can be kept in parallel, and it also makes it far easier to keep their place in both documents. These factors have long been recognized by professional proofreaders, who invariably prefer to work with narrow columns of typeset material and will generally place the typeset material to one side of the original manuscript if a comparison is required. 
     The side-by-side placement of windows is an existing capability of some applications using the multiple document interface, such as the File Manager of Windows for Workgroups. The command that produces this result is usually called &#34;Tile Vertically&#34;; its action is to space equally along the horizontal plane of the application work space all document windows that are not minimized (reduced to their minimum size). For example, if there are two windows, each will occupy half the application work space; if there are five, each will occupy one-fifth of the work space. Unlike the present invention, such a command, even if available, is of little value in word processing applications because it gives users no control over which document windows to arrange and does not wrap the text in each window. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is the principle objective of the present invention to enhance the utility of the multiple document interface system for word processing applications. This objective is accomplished by providing a convenient method for users to select and work with two document windows at the same time. These two windows can be for any two of as many documents as users have opened at one time or they may be of the same document. In fact, in accordance with the present invention, a virtually unlimited number of windows can be organized in the side-by-side (or above-and-below) configurations. Each window maintains its size and position until it is actively changed, so that users can expect to find the same window in the same position even when switching windows in the normal fashion. 
     Moreover, the present invention provides for an application whose functionality provides the user with an interface which exhibits more consistent behavior than some of the windowing-related functions of current word processing software applications. 
     In order to address the problems associated with prior art methods and apparatus, the present invention provides several capabilities. 
     The capability to switch selectively from one document to another without the list of open windows automatically closing after each selection. According to Microsoft interface standards available to the inventor, the list of windows is displayed beneath the Window menu on the menu bar of an MDI application. The present invention does not replace this, but supplies its own list of windows accessible from a single &#34;dialog box&#34; interface that is opened by its own command in the Window menu and remains open when switching windows. 
     The capability to select any two windows to display side by side (or above and below) each other quickly and intuitively. Users can select any open document window to display side by side (or above and below) the &#34;active&#34; document, which is defined as the window that is currently accepting user input, by making only one selection from the list. This capability also means that users only have to decide about the position of one of the two documents windows for the system to position and size both windows correctly. This capability also means that users can use the system to arrange any number of windows to one side (or above or below) the active document and can switch between them normally, leaving the active document in the same position. 
     In the side-by-side state, an additional capability of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the text is automatically wrapped in each window so that users do not have to scroll the document windows horizontally. Combined with this feature is the corresponding capability to unwrap the text automatically when the windows are maximized or displayed above and below each other. 
     Another capability is the ability to view two windows of the same document side by side (or above and below) each other, so that users can work in different parts or different views of either window at the same time. For example, the active window can be in the normal view (referred to above), while the second window can be in the page layout or outline view. This enables users to work with the document text at any magnification in the normal view window, while continuing to see a complete dynamically changing representation of the page layout in the other window. Of particular benefit is the fact that, when a word processing application is maximized in the horizontal rectangle of the physical screen and two windows are displayed side by side within it, each window is a vertical rectangle approximating the shape of a typical paper document. The system automatically selects the normal view and a magnification of 100% for both document windows. 
     In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is the capability to see a representation of a document window before switching to this window. 
     In this embodiment, there also exists the capability to display individual quarter- and half-sized windows if required. 
     In this preferred embodiment, there also exists the capability to display the application window of the word processor side by side (or above or below) a different application window. The active document window is shown maximized (with the text wrapped within it in the side-by-side configuration) in the application window of the word processor. This capability makes it more easy for users to perform word processing tasks that require the use of other applications, such as when linking and/or embedding objects from spreadsheet or image management programs. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The file of this patent contains at least one drawing executed in color. 
     FIG. 1 shows the application window of Microsoft Word 6.0 for Windows with the Window menu displayed and the active document maximized. 
     FIG. 2 shows the application window of Word 6.0 after applying the Arrange All command. 
     FIG. 3 shows the dialog box interface of the first embodiment after opening it in the application window. 
     FIG. 4 shows the initial state of the dialog box interface of the first embodiment. 
     FIG. 5 shows the interface of the first embodiment after the user selects &#34;Twice&#34;. 
     FIG. 6 shows the interface of the first embodiment after the user selects &#34;Twice&#34; and &#34;Horizontal&#34;. 
     FIG. 7 shows the interface of the first embodiment after the user selects another file from the list box. 
     FIG. 8 shows the interface of the first embodiment after the user selects another file from the list box and chooses &#34;Horizontal&#34;. 
     FIG. 9 shows the effect on the Word 6.0 application and the interface of the first embodiment after selecting another file from the list box and choosing &#34;Switch to&#34;. 
     FIG. 10 shows the effect on the Word 6.0 application after the user chooses &#34;OK&#34; when the first embodiment&#39;s interface resembles FIG. 5 (when &#34;Twice&#34; is selected). 
     FIG. 11 shows the effect on the Word 6.0 application after the user chooses &#34;OK&#34; when the first embodiment&#39;s interface resembles FIG. 7 (when &#34;Left&#34; is selected). 
     FIG. 12 shows the effect on the Word 6.0 application after the user chooses &#34;OK&#34; when the first embodiment&#39;s interface resembles FIG. 8 (when &#34;Top&#34; is selected). 
     FIG. 13 shows the effect of choosing the layout view in one window after using the invention to view the same document side by side with itself. 
     FIG. 14 shows the initial state of the dialog box interface of the second embodiment. 
     FIG. 15 shows the interface of the second embodiment after the user selects another file from the list box. 
     FIG. 16 shows the interface of the second embodiment after the user chooses the &#34;Window&#34; command button. 
     FIG. 17 shows the interface of the second embodiment after the user clears the &#34;Keep the Dialog Box Displayed&#34; check box. 
     FIG. 18 shows the effect on the Word 6.0 application and the interface of the second embodiment after choosing &#34;Activate&#34;. 
     FIG. 19 shows the interface of the second embodiment after the user chooses the &#34;Task List&#34; command button. 
     FIG. 20 shows the interface of the second embodiment after the user selects another task from the list box. 
     FIG. 21 shows the effect on the Windows 3.1 environment after the user chooses &#34;OK&#34; when the second embodiment&#39;s interface resembles FIG. 20 (when &#34;Left&#34; is selected). 
     FIG. 22 is a screen bitmap illustrating the dialog box interface opened by the Arrange Windows command. 
     FIG. 23 is a screen bitmap illustrating an arrangement obtained when the horizontal option item 2204 of FIG. 22 is chosen. 
     FIG. 24 is a screen bitmap illustrating an arrangement obtained when the vertical option item 2203 of FIG. 22 is chosen. 
     FIG. 25 is a screen bitmap illustrating an arrangement obtained when the originally active document was zoomed to 200%. 
     FIG. 26 is a screen bitmap illustrating an arrangement obtained when the originally active document was zoomed to 50%. 
     FIG. 27 is another screen bitmap illustrating an arrangement obtained when the originally active document was zoomed to 200%. 
     FIG. 28 is another screen bitmap illustrating an arrangement obtained when the originally active document was zoomed to 50%. 
     FIG. 29 shows a flow chart of one preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 30 shows a flow chart of the additional features of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Two preferred embodiments of the invention are presented in detail with reference to the drawings. These embodiments are programmed for and function as extensions of Microsoft Word for Windows. The present invention, however, is not limited to any particular word processing application or any particular operating environment. Those skilled in the art will find that the system and methods of the present invention may be advantageously applied to any word processing application in any operating environment and to any other application that requires the ease of selecting and comparing pairs of document windows. Therefore, the description of the preferred embodiments which follows is for purposes of illustration and not limitation. 
     FIG. 1 shows the application window of Microsoft Word 6.0 for Windows in its standard configuration with menu bar and the standard and formatting toolbars visible. The Window menu 102 is open and lists in alphabetic order the open windows. The windows are identified by a number and the name of the file they contain. 
     In this particular example, the open windows number more than nine, which means the user cannot see or select from the complete list without selecting More Windows 104 to open the Activate dialog box. The name of the active window is checked in the window list 103. Because the window is maximized in the application window, its file name is appended to the application title bar 101. 
     FIG. 2 shows the results of choosing the &#34;Arrange All&#34; command in Window menu 102. All open windows are tiled with the active window 201 in the top-left corner. The text is not wrapped in the tiled windows. Singe lines are not visible as in windows 202 and 203 unless the magnification makes the type illegible as in window 204. 
     FIG. 3. shows the Word 6.0 application window with the addition of the first embodiment of the invention after opening the dialog box interface 302 by clicking its toolbar button 301. The details of the first embodiment&#39;s interface are shown in FIG. 4. 
     FIG. 4 shows the initial state of the dialog box interface of the first embodiment. The main features of this are dynamic text 401, 409 and 411; list box 412, option button groups 407 and 410; and command buttons 402 through 406 and 408. 
     Dynamic text 401 initially displays the name of the file occupying the active window. List box 412 displays the names of the files occupying all the open windows in alphabetic order. The name of the active window s file is initially highlighted 413. Dynamic text 411 initially says &#34;Show&#34; only. Option buttons 410 initially say &#34;Max.&#34; (meaning Maximize) and &#34;Twice.&#34; Option buttons 407, which are initially disabled, say &#34;Vertical&#34; and &#34;Horizontal.&#34; 
     If the user chooses &#34;OK&#34; 402 with the interface in this state, the dialog box closes, the active window is maximized (remaining the active window), and the text in all open documents is unwrapped. 
     If, instead of choosing &#34;OK,&#34; the user chooses &#34;Twice&#34; while the active document is selected, the interface shown in FIG. 5 results. Dynamic text 502 says &#34;Display your active document with itself.&#34; Option group 501 becomes enabled. In FIG. 6, the user has chosen &#34;Horizontal&#34; option 601 after choosing &#34;Twice.&#34; 
     If the user chooses &#34;OK&#34; when the dialog box interface is in the state shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 (that is, &#34;Twice&#34; is chosen), a new window of the active document is created. If the user chose &#34;Vertical&#34;, the new window is displayed to the left of the active window as shown in FIG. 10. The document windows 1001 and 1002 are zoomed to 100% and the text in each window is wrapped. If the user chose &#34;Horizontal&#34;, the new window is displayed to the top of the active window. The documents are zoomed to 100% and the text in each window is unwrapped. 
     FIG. 13 illustrates that, in accordance with the present invention after using the system to display the same document window twice, the user can switch views in the windows to great advantage. In this case, the user has switched the window on the left side to layout view 1301 and reduced the magnification to see a complete page. Note that the proportions of the windows in the side-by-side configuration are close to that of a typical paper document (in portrait orientation). The user can continue to do detailed editing work in the window on the right side in normal view 1302. Any changes the user makes in the normal-view window are reflected in the layout-view window, and vice versa. 
     If, O before choosing &#34;K&#34;, the user chooses another file from the list box, the state of the dialog box interface changes to that shown in FIG. 7. Dynamic text 701 includes the word &#34;with:&#34;, indicating that the file name here will be displayed with the one selected in the list box; dynamic text 705 shows the name of this selected file; dynamic text 703 says &#34;Display your active document side by side with another one.&#34; Option button group 704 changes to &#34;Left&#34; and &#34;Right&#34;. Option button group 702 is enabled. If the user then chooses &#34;Horizontal&#34; from option group 702, the state of the dialog box interface changes to that shown in FIG. 8. Option button group 804 changes to &#34;Top&#34; and &#34;Bottom&#34;. Dynamic text 803 says &#34;Display your active document above or below another one.&#34; 
     If the user chooses the &#34;OK&#34; command button when the dialog box interface is in the state shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8 (that is, after choosing a file other than the file contained in the active window from the list box), the dialog box closes and the active window is displayed with the selected file&#39;s window. 
     If the user chooses &#34;Left&#34; or &#34;Right&#34;, meaning that &#34;Vertical&#34; was also chosen, the selected window is displayed to the left or right of the active window. If the user chooses &#34;Left&#34;, the selected window 1101 is displayed to the left of the active window 1102 as shown in FIG. 11. The document windows are zoomed to 100% and the text in each window is wrapped. If the user chooses &#34;Right&#34;, the selected window is displayed to the right of the active window. (The document windows are similarly zoomed to 100% and the text in each window is wrapped.) 
     If the user chooses &#34;Top&#34; or &#34;Bottom&#34;, meaning that &#34;Horizontal&#34; was also chosen, the selected window is displayed above or below the active window. If the user chose &#34;Top&#34;, the selected window 1201 is displayed above the active window 1202 as shown in FIG. 12. The document windows are zoomed to 100% and the text in each window is unwrapped. If the user chose &#34;Bottom&#34;, the selected window is displayed below the active window. (The document windows are similarly zoomed to 100% and the text in each window is unwrapped.) 
     If the user chooses the &#34;Switch to&#34; command button 405 when the dialog box interface is in the state shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8 (that is, after choosing a file other than the file contained in the active window from the list box), the window containing the file selected by the user in the list box is activated 901 and appears on top of the other document windows while the dialog box 903 interface remains open, as shown in FIG. 9. The newly activated window can be in the maximized, minimized, or &#34;restored&#34; (an intermediate size) state whichever state it was in before being activated. 
     The dialog box is updated to show that the document window that has been switched to is now the active document. Dynamic text 902 shows the name of the file; the name of the file is highlighted in list box 909. Dynamic text 908 says &#34;Show&#34; only. Option button group 907 says &#34;Max.&#34; and &#34;Twice&#34;. Option button group 905 is disabled. The &#34;Cancel&#34; button text becomes &#34;Close&#34; 904 to convey to the user that switching the active window is not reversible by canceling or &#34;escaping&#34; (for example, pressing the Esc key) from the dialog box. 
     The present invention utilizes the dynamic updating of dialog box controls to present the simplest interface for the user and the algorithm for sizing and positioning two of any number of windows. 
     With reference to the flowchart in FIG. 29, the method of the first preferred embodiment involves the following actions. Dimensioning the array of document windows and storing the active and selected windows. Displaying the dialog box interface. Enabling the dynamic updating of the dialog interface. Activating another window while keeping the dialog box open. Performing the window sizing operation. The WordBasic code which implements one preferred version of the first embodiment is set forth in the Source Code Appendix at Section III under the title &#34;A First Preferred Embodiment--View2198 &#34;. This implementation works with both Word 6 and Word 7 as no API calls are used. 
     The WordBasic code appearing in the Source Code Appendix (at I.A.) under the title &#34;DIMENSIONING THE ARRAY OF DOCUMENT WINDOWS AND STORING THE ACTIVE AND SELECTED WINDOWS&#34; illustrates one method for dimensioning the array of document windows and storing the name and number of the active and selected windows in accordance with the present invention. Note that it is not sufficient to use the names of windows to identify them, since there can be identically named windows open with different paths. Variables are defined both for the window names and their number in the window list. 
     The WordBasic code appearing in the Source Code Appendix (at I.B.) under the title &#34;DISPLAYING THE DIALOG BOX INTERFACE&#34; illustrates the method for displaying the dialog box interface. Note that some dialog controls are hidden when the dialog box is initialized; other controls have variable names that are specified by statements in a dialog function illustrated in the third code sample. 
     The WordBasic code appearing in the Source Code Appendix (at I.C.) under the title &#34;ENABLING THE DYNAMIC UPDATING OF THE DIALOG INTERFACE&#34; illustrates the method for enabling the dynamic updating of the dialog interface. Note that this dialog function contains statements that alter the controls in the dialog box definition shown in the previous sample. 
     The WordBasic code appearing in the Source Code Appendix (at I.D.) under the title &#34;ACTIVATING ANOTHER WINDOW WHILE KEEPING THE DIALOG BOX OPEN&#34; illustrates the method for Activating another window while keeping the dialog box open and updating its controls. 
     The WordBasic code appearing in the Source Code Appendix (at I.E.) under the title &#34;PERFORMING THE WINDOW SIZING OPERATION&#34; illustrates the method for performing the window sizing operation. 
     FIG. 14 shows the initial state of the dialog box interface of the second embodiment. The main additional features to the initial state of the interface (as compared with that of the first embodiment already described) are box 1401, which graphically previews a document window, and command buttons &#34;Task List&#34; 1402 and &#34;Window&#34; 1403. 
     Preview box 1401 initially displays the first page of the active document, which is the file preselected in the list box. This graphical representation provides a very small representation of the layout view of a document. It is meant purely as a visual cue to the content of the document. 
     When the user selects another file from the list box, the dialog box interface resembles FIG. 15. The preview box displays the first page 1502 of the selected document 1503. Therefore, the user can maintain a visual association between any file name in the list box and the visual content of this file without having to make the selected file the active document by choosing the &#34;Switch To&#34; command button. 
     An additional feature show in FIG. 15 is the appearance of dynamic text 1501 after selecting another file from the list box. The dynamic text provides the name of the active file with the name of the selected file. This lets the user readily see what document windows will be shown together if the user chooses &#34;OK&#34;. 
     FIG. 16 shows the state of a second embodiment&#39;s interface when the user chooses &#34;Window&#34; 1403. The name of the command button becomes &#34;Normal&#34; 1604, indicating that choosing the button returns the dialog box interface to its normal state. Dynamic text 1601 reads &#34;Choose a document:&#34;. Dynamic text 1608 includes the name of any file the user selects in the list box. Option group 1607 displays four options arranged to correspond with the labels (clockwise from top) &#34;Top&#34;, &#34;Right&#34;, &#34;Bottom&#34;, and &#34;Left&#34;. Option group 1605 is relabeled the &#34;Size&#34; group and contains two options: &#34;Quarter&#34; and &#34;Half&#34;. 
     In addition, there is a check box 1606 beneath it labeled &#34;Keep the Dialog Box Displayed&#34;, and command button 1603, which now is labeled &#34;Activate&#34; (instead of &#34;Switch to&#34;) is the default button of the dialog box interface (meaning that it will respond to the user&#39;s pressing Enter on the keyboard). &#34;OK&#34; button 1602 is disabled. 
     FIG. 17 illustrates that when the user clears the check box 1703, &#34;OK&#34; button 1701 is enabled and becomes the default button again, while the &#34;Activate&#34; button 1702 is disabled. 
     When the dialog box interface is in the state illustrated in FIG. 16 or FIG. 17 and the user selects &#34;Quarter&#34;, which is the default selection, the user can select two options in the Show group in the following combinations: &#34;Left&#34; and &#34;Top&#34;, &#34;Top&#34; and &#34;Right&#34;, &#34;Right&#34; and &#34;Bottom&#34;, or &#34;Left&#34; and &#34;Bottom&#34;. If the user selects &#34;Half&#34;, the user can select any one option in the Show group. 
     When the interface is in the state that resembles FIG. 16 and the user chooses the &#34;Activate&#34; button, the window containing the file selected by the user in the list box is activated 1801, as shown in FIG. 18. It appears on top of the other document windows and is sized and positioned according to the user&#39;s selection in the &#34;Show&#34; group. The dialog box interface 1803 remains open, permitting the user to activate another window or perform another action. In the example illustrated in FIG. 18, the user has also activated a document 1804 in the bottom-left quarter of the workspace and a document 1802 in the right half of the workspace. 
     If the user&#39;s selection is to display a quarter-size window in any position, the text in the activated window is wrapped. If the user&#39;s selection is to display a half-size window left or right, the text in the activated window is wrapped. If the user&#39;s selection is to display a half-size window top or bottom, the text in the activated window is unwrapped. 
     When the interface is in the state that resembles FIG. 17 and the user chooses the &#34;OK&#34; button, the window containing the file selected by the user in the list box is activated in the same way as described above for FIG. 16, but the dialog box interface closes at the same time. 
     FIG. 19 shows the state of the second embodiment&#39;s interface when the user chooses &#34;Task List&#34; 1402. The name of the command button becomes &#34;Doc. List&#34; 1903, indicating that choosing this button returns the dialog box interface to its normal state of showing a list of documents. Dynamic text 1901 reads &#34;View Microsoft Word&#34;. List box 1908 replaces the normally displayed list box and preview box 1401. This new list box is a task list of all the applications that are running in the Windows environment. Microsoft Word is preselected in the list 1907, indicating that it is the active application. The &#34;Arrange&#34; options 1904 are disabled; only the &#34;Max.&#34; option is enabled in the &#34;Show&#34; group 1906. Dynamic text 1905 says &#34;Choose OK to maximize Word or select another application from the list.&#34; 
     If the user chooses &#34;OK&#34; when the dialog box interface is this state, the dialog box interface closes and the Word application window is maximized. In addition, the active document window within Word is maximized and its text is unwrapped. 
     If, instead of choosing &#34;OK&#34;, the user chooses another application from the list box 2002, the state of the dialog box interface changes to that shown in FIG. 20. Dynamic text 2001 provides the name of the selected application appended to the words &#34;View Microsoft Word with&#34;. This indicates that the Word application will be displayed with another application selected in the list box if the user chooses &#34;OK&#34;. Dynamic text 2005 shows the name of this selected application; dynamic text 1804 says &#34;Choose OK to display Word side by side another application&#34;. Option button group 2005 changes to &#34;Left&#34; and &#34;Right&#34;. Option group 2003 is enabled. If the user then chooses &#34;Horizontal&#34; from option group 2003, option button group 2005 changes to &#34;Top&#34; and &#34;Bottom&#34;. Dynamic text 2004 says &#34;Choose OK to display Word above or below another application&#34;. 
     If the user chooses the &#34;Switch To&#34; command button 1902 after choosing another application from the list box, as in FIG. 20, the selected application window is activated and appears on top of the Word application while the dialog box interface remains open and unchanged. If the selected application window was already in the maximized or restored state, it appears in this state; if it was minimized, it appears in the restored state. 
     If the user chooses the &#34;OK&#34; command button when the dialog box interface is the state shown in FIG. 20 (that is, after choosing an application other than Word in the list box), the dialog box closes and the Word application window is displayed with the selected application window. 
     If the user chooses &#34;Left&#34; or &#34;Right&#34;, meaning that the user also chose &#34;Vertical&#34;, the selected application is displayed to the left or right of the Word application. If the user chose &#34;Left&#34;, the selected application window 2101 (Microsoft Project in this example) is displayed to the left of the Word application window 2102, as shown in FIG. 21. The active document window in Word is maximized and the text in the window is wrapped. If the user chose &#34;Right&#34;, the selected application window is displayed to the right of the Word application window. The active document window in Word is similarly maximized and the text in the window is wrapped. 
     If the user chooses &#34;Top&#34; or &#34;Bottom&#34;, meaning that the user also chose &#34;Horizontal&#34;, the selected application is displayed above or below the Word application. If the user chose &#34;Top&#34;, the selected application window is displayed above the Word application window. The active document window in Word is maximized and the text in the window is unwrapped. If the user chose &#34;Bottom&#34;, the selected application window is displayed to the bottom of the Word application window. The active document window in Word is similarly maximized and the text in the window is unwrapped. 
     With reference to the flowchart in FIG. 30, the method of the second preferred embodiment involves the following actions. Displaying a preview box of the selected file. Activating another window while resizing and positioning it. Dimensioning the array of open applications. Performing the application window sizing operation. The WordBasic code which implements one preferred version of the second embodiment is set forth in the Source Code Appendix at Section IV under the title &#34;A Second Preferred Embodiment--View2™ Plus&#34;. This implementation works with both Word 6 and Word 7. 
     The WordBasic code appearing in the Source Code Appendix (at II.A.) under the title &#34;DISPLAYING A PREVIEW BOX OF THE SELECTED FILE&#34; illustrates the method for displaying a preview box of the selected file. Note that if the selected file has not been saved, an empty string is returned for the document&#39;s path. In this case, it is temporarily made the active window, so that the file preview statement can work. 
     The WordBasic code appearing in the Source Code Appendix (at II.B.) under the title &#34;ACTIVATING ANOTHER WINDOW WHILE RESIZING AND POSITIONING IT&#34; illustrates the method for activating another document window while resizing and positioning it. 
     The WordBasic code appearing in the Source Code Appendix (at II.C.) under the title &#34;DIMENSIONING THE ARRAY OF OPEN APPLICATIONS&#34; illustrates the method for dimensioning the array of open applications. 
     The WordBasic code appearing in the Source Code Appendix (at II.D.) under the title &#34;PERFORMING THE APPLICATION WINDOW SIZING OPERATION&#34; illustrates the method for performing the application window sizing operation. 
     Although preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described herein in detail, it is desired to emphasize that this has been for the purpose of illustrating and describing the invention, and should not be considered as necessarily limitative of the invention, it being understood that many modifications, including, by way of example only, the word processing application used, can be made by those skilled in the art while still practicing the invention claimed herein. ##SPC1##