Abstract:
A sweeper assembly can include a plurality of holes drilled in one or more sweeper headers that can be angled downwards towards the basin floor to produce a gentle flow of fluid to keep particulate matter rolling along the basin floor. A centrifugal separator can include a curved velocity plate for smoothly directing flow from an inlet pipe to an inner wall of the separator and creating a downward vortex of particulate-laden fluid within the centrifugal separator. The centrifugal separator can include one or more reversal mechanisms for transferring particulate matter to a collection chamber and reversing the direction of particle-free fluid, which may upwardly exit through a discharge pipe. The centrifugal separator can include a bleed valve in the discharge pipe for automatically bleeding accumulated air in the “dead zone” between the inlet pipe and the top of the centrifugal separator.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/435,585, filed on Jan. 24, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention generally relates to the field of filtration systems. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention pertain to improved filtration systems for removing particulate matter from cooling tower basins. 
         [0004]    2. Background and Description of Related Art 
         [0005]    Some conventional cooling tower systems include (i) a sweeper located on the floor of the basin to assist in the buildup and removal of particulate matter and (ii) a centrifugal separator for separating particulate-laden fluid from the basin into fluid and particulate matter components. In some conventional systems, the filtering system is closed loop—namely, the fluid that has been separated from the particulate matter by the centrifugal separator may be recycled back into the sweeper. 
         [0006]    Conventional sweeper assemblies may include a plurality of amplifying water jet sprayers, or eductors. The eductors may receive fluid from the fluid output of the centrifugal separator and direct said output towards a suction intake, effectively sweeping particulate matter across the basin floor. The eductors amplify the amount of fluid discharged from the nozzle—typically by a factor of 5—by drawing in fluid from the surrounding area in the basin along with fluid supplied via the fluid output of the centrifugal separator. In some conventional sweeper assemblies, the eductors are located around a peripheral edge of the basin floor and are directed towards the suction intake such the particulate-laden fluid can be removed therefrom. 
         [0007]    Conventional centrifugal separators (such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,335,313, incorporated herein by reference) utilize centrifugal force and gravity to achieve varying degrees of separation of particulate from particulate/fluid mixtures. The separated particulates generally settle to the bottom of the centrifugal separator in a sediment chamber from which they are periodically removed. Some conventional separators employ a vortex system where the particulate/fluid mixture is introduced into a cylindrical chamber at a tangential angle generating centrifugal action in the mixture. Some conventional separators include a spin plate at the bottom of a vortex tube that reverses the axial direction of flow. The separated fluid exits through a smaller tube provided at the top of the cylindrical chamber, while the solids settle below the spin plate in the sediment chamber. 
         [0008]    Unfortunately, it has been determined that the use of eductors introduces turbulence in the basin which decreases the cleaning effectiveness. The trend in conventional approaches is to increase the number or eductors and/or the output volume or pressure requirements, both of which increase the cleaning system power requirements. It is to be appreciated that conventional use of eductors requires significant system pressure which in turn significantly increases operational costs. For example, in order to achieve a 5:1 amplification power, the eductors require system pressure of about 20 psig. 
         [0009]    It has also been determined that conventional vortex-based centrifugal separators introduce turbulence within the separator body, also decreasing the cleaning effectiveness. It is believed that appreciable turbulence is introduced by (i) the introduction of the particulate/fluid mixture, (ii) vibratory action at specific flow velocities, and (iii) the accumulation of air in the dead zone above the inlet. This increased turbulence increases the horsepower requirement for the suction pump, also increasing the total cleaning system power requirements. 
         [0010]    It is therefore desirable to provide sweepers, separators, and cleaning systems having reduced fluid turbulence. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    Embodiments of the present invention relate to improved sweepers, centrifugal separators, and systems incorporating the same. 
         [0012]    In some aspects, a sweeper can include a plurality of holes drilled in a sweeper header producing a steady, gentle flow of water with sufficient force to keep sand and debris rolling along the bottom of the basin to a point where they can be received by a suction manifold. In some embodiments, the holes can have a diameter of about ¼″. In some embodiments, the distance between adjacent holes along the length of the sweeper header can be between about 6″ to 18″, center-to-center. Advantageously, the inclusion of the plurality of holes in the sweeper header (in contrast to conventional use of eductors) reduces the system pressure requirement to provide proper sweeping action. In some implementations, a system pressure of between about 2.5 to 4.0 psig on a sweeper header in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention may be sufficient to provide proper sweeping action. 
         [0013]    In some embodiments, the sweeper header can be vertically offset from the basin floor. In some other embodiments, the sweeper header can be placed near the bottom of the basin floor. In some embodiments, the holes can be angled about parallel to the basin floor. In some other embodiments, the holes can be angled downward between about 5 to 35 degrees measured horizontally to the basin floor. In some embodiments, the plurality of holes can have non-uniform angles (e.g., some holes may be angled downward at about 5 degrees measured horizontally to the basin floor and other holes may be angled downward at about 35 degrees measured horizontally to the basin floor). 
         [0014]    In some embodiments, a single sweeper header can be positioned at or near a peripheral edge of the basin floor. In some other embodiments, a sweeper assembly can include a plurality of sweeper headers laterally spaced along the basin floor. 
         [0015]    In some embodiments, the suction pickup header can include openings or holes drilled therein and facing the holes in the sweeper header. In some embodiments, the holes in the suction pickup header can have a diameter of about ¼″. In some embodiments, the holes can be angled about parallel to the basin floor. In some other embodiments, the holes can be angled downward between about 5 to 35 degrees measured horizontally to the basin floor. In some other embodiments, the holes can be angled upward between about 5 to 35 degrees measured horizontally to the basin floor. In some embodiments, the plurality of holes can have non-uniform angles (e.g., some holes may be angled downward at about 20 degrees measured horizontally to the basin floor and other holes may be angled upward at about 15 degrees measured horizontally to the basin floor). 
         [0016]    In some aspects, a centrifugal separator can include an air bleed for bleeding air from the dead zone above the inlet. In some embodiments, the air bleed can include an air vent hole that is drilled in the discharge tube. In some embodiments, the vent hole can have a diameter of about ⅜″. 
         [0017]    In some embodiments, the inlet to the centrifugal separator can include a curved velocity plate for smoothly directing flow to an inside wall of a velocity chamber and creating a downward vortex of particulate-laden fluid. 
         [0018]    In some embodiments, the velocity chamber of the centrifugal separator can lack a bottom plate. In some other embodiments, a bottom place can be included and annulus can be provided on the outer chamber wall to allow particulates to be swept out of the velocity camber and into the main body of the separator. 
         [0019]    In some embodiments, one or more reversal mechanisms can be provided to reverse the fluid vortex while centrifugally removing the particulate therefrom. In some embodiments, the reversal mechanism can be a spin plate, a spin cone, cross members, vanes, a deflection plate, and/or a funnel. In some embodiments, the reversal mechanism can have a diameter about equal to an inner diameter of the main body portion of the centrifugal separator. In some other embodiments, the reversal mechanism can have a diameter less than a diameter of the main body portion of the centrifugal separator. In some embodiments, one or more holes can be provided in the reversal mechanism to collect the centrifugal flow of particulate matter and allow such particulate matter to fall into the collection chamber. 
         [0020]    It is to be appreciated that by reducing turbulence present in conventional sweeper assemblies and centrifugal separators, significant energy savings can be realized without significant degradation in cleaning ability. 
         [0021]    These and other objects, advantages and features of the invention, together with the organization and manner of operation thereof, will become apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements have like numerals throughout the several drawings described below. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0022]      FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary sweeper in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0024]      FIGS. 3A-3C  are diagrams illustrating some exemplary sweeper manifold couplings in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0025]      FIG. 4  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary sweeper header in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0026]      FIG. 5A-5C  are diagrams illustrating exemplary suction manifolds in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0027]      FIGS. 6A-6D  are perspective, front, side, and top view diagrams, respectively, illustrating an exemplary centrifugal separator in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0028]      FIG. 7  is an exploded diagram illustrating an exemplary separator in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0029]      FIGS. 8A-8C  are perspective, front, and top view diagrams, respectively, illustrating an exemplary top portion of a centrifugal separator in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0030]      FIG. 9  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary velocity chamber in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0031]      FIGS. 10A-10B  are front and top view diagrams, respectively, of an exemplary velocity chamber in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0032]      FIG. 11  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary top cap of a velocity chamber in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0033]      FIG. 12  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary inlet pipe in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0034]      FIG. 13  is a diagram illustrating an exemplary discharge pipe in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0035]      FIGS. 14A-14B  are side and top view diagrams illustrating an exemplary velocity plate in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0036]      FIGS. 15A-15C  are perspective, side, and bottom view diagrams, respectively, illustrating an exemplary reversal mechanism in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0037]      FIG. 16  is a diagram illustrating another exemplary reversal mechanism in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0038]      FIG. 17  is a diagram illustrating another exemplary reversal mechanism in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0039]      FIG. 18  is a diagram illustrating another exemplary reversal mechanism in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0040]      FIG. 19  is a diagram illustrating another exemplary reversal mechanism in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0041]      FIG. 20  is a diagram illustrating another exemplary reversal mechanism in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0042]      FIG. 21  is a diagram illustrating the reversal mechanism of  FIG. 20  and an exemplary centrifugal separator in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0043]    The invention, in its various aspects, will be explained in greater detail below. While the invention will be described in conjunction with several exemplary embodiments, the exemplary embodiments themselves do not limit the scope of the invention. Similarly, the exemplary embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, where like elements have like numerals, do not limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments and/or invention. Rather the invention, as defined by the claims, may cover alternatives, modifications, and/or equivalents of the exemplary embodiments. 
         [0044]    Referring to the illustration of  FIG. 1 , in preferred embodiments, a cooling basin liquid-solid separator system may include a sweeper assembly  30  on one side of a basin floor  20  for gently sweeping debris towards a suction assembly  40 . In some preferred embodiments, debris and fluid from suction assembly  40  may be discharged therefrom at B and received by a centrifugal liquid-solid separator  50 . The centrifugal separator filters the debris from the fluid, where the fluid may be discharged at A and received by sweeper assembly  30 . 
         [0045]    Exemplary Sweeper 
         [0046]    Referring generally to  FIGS. 2 ,  3 ,  4 , and  5 A- 5 C, and specifically to  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, an exemplary sweeper can include sweeper assembly  30  and suction assembly  40 . In some embodiments, the exemplary sweeper can be positioned in basin floor  20  that can include sweeper section  23  and suction section  24 . In some embodiments, sweeper assembly  30  may be positioned substantially in basin sweeper section  23  and suction assembly  40  may be positioned substantially in basin suction section  24 . As discussed herein, the sweeper assembly may be adapted to direct a fluid flow causing settled debris to “sweep” from the floor of the basin sweeper section towards the floor of the basin suction section, wherein the debris may be removed by the suction assembly. In some implementations, sweeper section  23  and suction section  24  of basin floor  20  can be coplanar. In some other implementations, sweeper section  23  may be raised above suction section  24 . 
         [0047]    In some embodiments sweeper assembly  30  may comprise one or more sweeper headers (for example, and without limitation, sweeper headers  31 ,  32 ,  33 , and  34 ), and a sweeper manifold (for example, and without limitation, sweeper manifold  36 ). In some embodiments, the sweeper headers can be laterally provided along basin floor  20  in sweeper section  23 . Although the exemplary sweeper assembly of  FIG. 2  illustrates four sweeper headers (i.e., sweeper headers  31 ,  32 ,  33 ,  34 ), it is to be appreciated that any number of sweeper headers can be provided in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, when multiple sweeper headers are provided, they can be laterally spaced by about two feet. However, it is to be appreciated that other spacing of lateral sweeper headers are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. It is also to be appreciated that the lateral spacing of adjacent sweeper headers may be constant or may vary. For example, and without limitation, the lateral spacing between sweeper header  31  and sweeper header  32  may be about one foot, and the lateral spacing between each sweeper headers  32 ,  33 ,  34  may be about three feet. 
         [0048]    In some embodiments, and as shown in the example of  FIG. 2 , the sweeper headers may be connected on one end to manifold assembly  36  comprising one or more lateral connections or couplings (for example, and without limitation, manifold  36  may include couplings  37 ,  38 ,  39 ) engaging the sweeper headers (for example, and without limitation, sweeper headers  31 ,  32 ,  33 ,  34 ). In preferred embodiments, the diameter of manifold  36  incrementally decreases along the length thereof to accommodate about equal pressure at the inputs to the individual sweeper headers. For example, and without limitation, inlet  13  to the manifold may have a diameter of 3″ while coupling  39  of manifold  36  supplying sweeper header  34  may have a diameter of 1.5″. Referring now to  FIGS. 3A ,  3 B, and  3 C, it can be seen that in some implementations, and without limitation, couplings  37 ,  38 ,  39  may comprise T-shaped connections. In some embodiments, coupling  37  may be positioned closest to the manifold inlet, coupling  38  may engage a distal end of coupling  37 , and coupling  39  may engage a distal end of coupling  38 . In some implementations, the diameter of coupling  37  can be greater than the diameter of coupling  38  which may be greater than the diameter of coupling  39 . As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the sweeper headers may be engaged on proximal ends to manifold  36  though slip couplings  92 . The sweeper headers may also have endcaps  91  on distal ends thereof. It is to be appreciated that those of ordinary skill in the art can determine the diameter of the manifold portions with reference to, among other things, the number and spacing of the sweeper headers, the volumetric flow rate through each sweeper header, and the desired fluid pressure of each sweeper header, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0049]    In some embodiments, each sweeper header may include one or more openings for expelling fluid therefrom. As illustrated in the example of  FIG. 4 , for example and without limitation, each sweeper header  31 ,  32 ,  33 ,  34  may have a plurality of holes  35  drilled therein for directly communicating the fluid from inlet  13  into and on sweeper section  23  of basin floor  20 . In some implementations, the holes may be about ¼″ in diameter. However, it is to be appreciated that other hole diameters are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. For example, and without limitation, the holes may be ⅛″ in diameter. In preferred embodiments, the plurality of holes  35  of the sweeper headers may be uniform along the length of the sweeper header and may have a pattern that is the same as different laterally spaced sweeper headers. However, it is to be appreciated that holes of varying sizes may be provided on one or more sweeper headers. For example, and without limitation, sweeper header  34  may have holes having diameters of ¼″ and ½″ while sweeper header  31  may have holes that are ⅛″ in diameter. It is to be appreciated however that other types of openings are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. For example, and without limitation, one or more of the sweeper header openings may comprise slots. 
         [0050]    In some implementations, and without limitation, the center-to-center spacing between adjacent holes  35  is about 10″. However, it is to be appreciated that other center-to-center spacings are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. For example, and without limitation, the spacings may be between about 6″ to about 18″. In some preferred embodiments, the spacing between adjacent holes  35  is constant along the length of a sweeper header. In some preferred embodiments, the spacing between adjacent holes  35  may have a pattern that is the same as different laterally spaced sweeper headers. However, it is to be appreciated that the spacing between adjacent holes may vary both along the length of an individual sweeper header and amongst different laterally spaced sweeper headers. For example, and without limitation, the spacing between adjacent holes  35  on sweeper header  34  may vary from about 6″ on the outside edges to about 18″ in the center thereof. In some further examples, the spacing between adjacent holes  35  on sweeper header  31  may be constant at 10″ and the spacing between adjacent sweeper holes  35  on each sweeper headers  32 ,  33 ,  34  may vary between 6″ to 18″. It is to be appreciated that other adjacent hole variations are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0051]    In some embodiments, and as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 2 , the holes of the plurality of sweeper headers may be aligned or may have the same pattern. For example, and without limitation, each sweeper header  31 ,  32 ,  33 ,  34  may have a first hole about 6″ from the manifold, and second, third, etc. holes about 10″ from the first hole. However, in some embodiments, the holes of adjacent sweeper headers can be staggered or non-uniform. For example, and without limitation, holes  35  of sweeper headers  31 ,  32 ,  33 , and  34  may begin about 1″, 2″, 3″, and 4″, respectively, from manifold  36  and/or slip coupling  92 . 
         [0052]    In some embodiments, the holes drilled in the sweeper header may be drilled so as to provide a flow about horizontal or parallel to the basin floor. In some embodiments, and without limitation, holes  35  may be drilled exactly radially inward ninety degrees from the bottom of the sweeper headers. In some other embodiments, holes  35  may be drilled at an angle downward from the horizontal or parallel of the basin floor so as to provide proper impact with the bottom of the basin floor. In some preferred embodiments, holes  35  may be angled downwards between about 5 to about 35 degrees. For example, and without limitation, holes  35  may be angled downwards about 20 degrees. However, it is to be appreciated that other angles are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0053]    It is further to be appreciated that the angles of holes  35  may be uniform or non-uniform along the length of the sweeper header in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. For example, and without limitation, holes on the outside edges of the sweeper headers may be angled downwards from the horizontal by about 45 degrees and the remaining holes may be angled downwards from the horizontal by about 20 degrees. In some embodiments, the angles of holes  35  may be form a uniform or non-uniform pattern amongst different laterally spaced sweeper headers. For example, and without limitation, holes  35  on sweeper header  34  may be angled downwards from the horizontal by about 30 degrees, holes  35  of sweeper header  33  may be angled downwards by about 25 degrees, and the holes in sweeper headers  32 ,  31  may be angled downwards by about 10 degrees. It is to be appreciated that other hole angles and combinations thereof in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0054]    In some embodiments, the holes in the sweeper headers may be drilled so as to provide a flow about perpendicular to the sweeper headers. However, it is to be appreciated that the holes may be drilled so as to provide a flow that is not perpendicular to the sweeper headers. For example, and without limitation, the holes may be drilled such that the flow from the plurality of sweeper headers converge and focus on a few points along the suction manifold. 
         [0055]    It is to be appreciated that holes  35  in the sweeper headers of sweeper assembly  30  effectively “sweep” settled debris off basin sweeper section  23  and towards basin suction section  24  where it may be picked up by suction assembly  40 . In some embodiments, and without limitation, suction assembly  40  may comprise one or more suction manifold sections (for example, and without limitation, suction manifolds  41 ,  42 ,  43 ,  44 ) joined by suction manifold couplings (for example, and without limitation, suction manifolds  47 ,  48 ). In some embodiments, endcaps  93  may be positioned on distal ends of the manifold sections. 
         [0056]    In some embodiments, each suction manifold section may include one or more openings for removing debris-laden liquid from basin suction section  24  and discharging it though suction header outlet pipe  14 . Referring to the exemplary illustration of  FIG. 2 , for example and without limitation, in some embodiments, plurality of holes  45  may be drilled in the suction manifold. In some embodiments, holes  45  can have a diameter of about ¼″. However, other hole diameter sizes are contemplated in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0057]    In some embodiments, adjacent holes drilled in the suction manifold may be provided in alternating angles measured from the horizontal or basin floor. As illustrated in the illustration of  FIG. 5A , for example and without limitation, adjacent holes may be angled upwards at 20 degrees and downwards at 20 degrees, each measured from the horizontal. In some other embodiments, the holes in the suction manifold may have a constant angle (similar to the exemplary holes of the sweeper header as illustrated in  FIG. 4 ). For example, and without limitation, each hole in the suction manifold may be angled about horizontal or parallel to the basin floor. However, it is to be appreciated that other angles and combinations thereof are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. It is also to be appreciated that other types of openings in the suction manifold are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. Referring to the illustration of  FIGS. 5B and 5C , for example and without limitation, the suction manifold sections may include one or more slots. In some embodiments, slots  45  may be perpendicular to the suction manifold sections. In some other embodiments, slots  45  may be parallel to the suction manifold sections. In some other embodiments, the slots may be angled from the horizontal to the basin floor. In some other embodiments, one or more of the suction manifold sections may have any combination of perpendicular, parallel, or angled slots. 
         [0058]    It is to be appreciated that the volumetric flow rate of fluid exiting the plurality of openings in the sweeper headers should be about equal to the volumetric flow of the fluid entering the plurality of openings in the suction manifold sections. Thus, the number and cross sectional areas of openings in the sweeper assembly is correlated to the number and cross sectional areas of openings in the suction assembly. 
         [0059]    Exemplary Separator 
         [0060]    Referring generally to  FIGS. 6-21 , in some embodiments, an exemplary centrifugal separator can include a generally cylindrical vessel or housing. As illustrated in the illustrations of  FIGS. 6A-6D , in some embodiments centrifugal separator  50  can include large vessel comprising top portion  51 , main body portion  52 , and bottom portion  53 . In some embodiments, centrifugal separator  50  may be positioned generally upright, and may be supported by one or more support structures (for example, and without limitation, support structures  94  as illustrated in  FIG. 7 ). In some implementations, and without limitation, the support structures may comprise a plurality of legs that can be welded on main body portion  52 . In some embodiments, main body portion  52  may comprise cleanout door  96  providing access to the interior section of main body portion  52 . In some embodiments, bottom portion  53  of cylindrical separator may include a purge outlet  95  for discharging sediment or particles (for example, and without limitation, particulate matter that has been swept or removed from the basin floor of the exemplary sweeper as discussed above). In some embodiments, the centrifugal separator may also comprise one or more additional ports. For example, and without limitation, port  97  may be provided on bottom portion  53  of centrifugal separator. In some embodiments, an anti-corrosion coupon may be inserted into port  97 . It is to be appreciated however that support structures  53 , cleanout door  96 , and/or port  97  may be provided elsewhere on centrifugal separator  50  in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. For example, and without limitation, port  97  may be provided on main body portion  52  or top portion  51 . 
         [0061]    Referring now to the exploded illustration of  FIG. 7 , in some preferred embodiments, centrifugal separator  50  may comprise cylindrical velocity chamber  61 , cylindrical main body portion  52 , and a collection or sediment chamber  58 . In some preferred embodiments, top portion  51  of centrifugal separator  50  may comprise velocity chamber  61 . For example, and without limitation, velocity chamber  61  may comprise a cylindrical housing that is engaged to a top portion of main body portion  51  of centrifugal separator. In some other embodiments, the velocity chamber may comprise a separate cylindrical housing that may be disposed inside of top portion  51  of centrifugal separator  50 . In some embodiments, bottom portion  53  of centrifugal separator  50  may comprise sediment chamber  58 . In some other embodiments, the sediment chamber may comprise a separate housing that may be disposed inside of bottom portion  53  of centrifugal separator  50 . 
         [0062]    In some embodiments, lateral inlet pipe  81  (which may have flange  53  mounted thereon) may be provided near the top of centrifugal separator  50  for receiving an incoming fluid stream containing a particulate-laden fluid (for example, and without limitation, fluid from outlet pipe  14  of suction assembly  40  as illustrated in  FIG. 2 ). In some preferred embodiments, inlet pipe  81  may be attached to centrifugal separator  50  in such a way that the fluid flow is introduced into velocity chamber  61  near an inner cylindrical wall thereof. In some embodiments, upper discharge pipe  85  (which may have flange  88  mounted thereon) may be provided near the top of centrifugal separator  50  for discharging fluid having particulate matter removed therefrom (for example, and without limitation, to inlet pipe  13  of sweeper assembly  30  as illustrated in  FIG. 2 ). 
         [0063]    In some advantageous embodiments, curved velocity plate  63  may be provided to smoothly direct flow from inlet pipe  81  to an inside cylindrical wall of velocity chamber  61 . It is to be appreciated that in contrast to inlets of conventional separators, velocity plate  63  permits reduced turbulence inlet of the particulate-laden fluid into centrifugal separator  50 . In some embodiments, and without limitation, velocity plate  63  can have a radius about equal to a radius of velocity chamber  61 . However, it is to be appreciated that other radii are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. As illustrated in the illustration of  FIG. 9 , in some examples and without limitation, velocity plate  63  may be positioned such that the particulate-laden fluid exiting from inlet pipe  81  may be constricted through a smaller cross sectional area defined by the inside cylindrical wall of velocity chamber  61  and an edge of velocity plate  63 . It is to be appreciated that such positioning effectively increases the fluid pressure thereby increasing the velocity of the particulate-laden fluid as it enters the velocity chamber  61 . As such, rotational flow is imparted on the particulate-laden fluid inside velocity chamber  61 . 
         [0064]    Referring back to the exemplary illustration of  FIG. 7 , upper discharge pipe  85  may be provided near the top of centrifugal separator  50  leading from main body portion  52  to the exterior and axially positioned through and within velocity chamber  61 . In some embodiments, velocity chamber  61  may include top cap  65 . In some embodiments, top cap  65  may define an upper internal boundary of centrifugal separator  50 . 
         [0065]    Referring now to the illustrations of  FIGS. 8A-8C , in some embodiments, discharge pipe  85  may be axially positioned within velocity chamber  61 . In some implementations, a top portion of discharge pipe  85  may extend above top cap  65  of velocity chamber  61  and a bottom portion of discharge pipe  85  may extend below a bottom portion of velocity chamber  61 . In some embodiments, velocity chamber  61  may also include a bottom plate (not shown) engaged with the bottom portion of velocity chamber  61 . Annulus, cooperating with the bottom plate, may be provided on the wall of velocity chamber  61  to allow larger particles to be swept out of velocity chamber  61  and into main body housing  52  of centrifugal separator  50 . As above, in some embodiments, inlet pipe  81  may be positioned such that fluid flowing therefrom is introduced near an inner cylindrical wall of velocity chamber  61 . 
         [0066]    In some advantageous embodiments, top cap  65  may include at least one air bleed  67  permitting passage of accumulated air bubbles at the top of velocity chamber  61 . In some advantageous embodiments, discharge pipe  85  may include at least one air bleed (for example, air bleed  87  as illustrated in  FIG. 13 ) permitting passage of accumulated air bubbles. In some embodiments, air bleed  87  may comprise a hole. In some implementations, and without limitation, hole  87  may have a diameter of ⅜″ and may be positioned between about 1″ to 2″ from the upper internal surface of top cap  65 . However, other sizes and positions of air bleeds in the discharge pipe  85  and/or top cap  65  are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. It is to be appreciated that air bleeds provided in the discharge pipe and/or the top cap of the velocity chamber advantageously reduce turbidity within the centrifugal separator by removing air bubbles therefrom. 
         [0067]    In some embodiments, one or more ports may be provided on the inlet pipe and/or discharge pipe of a centrifugal separator. For example, and without limitation, port  82  may be provided on inlet pipe  81  and/or port  86  may be provided on discharge pipe  85 . In some embodiments, monitors (for example, and without limitation, pressure and/or flow monitors) may be engaged with the ports. 
         [0068]    Referring back to the illustration of  FIG. 7 , in some embodiments one or more reversal mechanisms may be centrally located and axially positioned in main body portion  52  of centrifugal separator  50 . In some embodiments, the reversal mechanism may comprise a spin plate (for example, and without limitation, spin plate  71  as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 15A ). In some embodiments, the reversal mechanism may comprise a spin cone (for example, and without limitation, spin cone  71  as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 16 ). In some embodiments, the reversal mechanism may comprise a spin grid (for example, and without limitation, spin grid  79  as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 17 ). In some embodiments, the reversal mechanism may comprise arrestor vanes (for example, and without limitation, arrestor vanes  75  as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 18 ). In some embodiments, the reversal mechanism may comprise a deflection plate (for example, and without limitation, deflection plate  72  as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 19 ). In some embodiments, the reversal mechanism may comprise a funnel (for example, and without limitation, funnel  78  as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 20 ). 
         [0069]    In It is to be appreciated that, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, particle-laden fluid introduced from inlet pipe  81  may be introduced near an inside wall of velocity chamber  61  by velocity plate  63 , and thusly creating a downward vortex within centrifugal separator  50 . In some embodiments, the induced vortex converges upon the reversal mechanism in main body portion  52 , reversing the direction of the vortex, and resulting therefrom, the solid particles are centrifugally separated from the fluid and fall into sediment chamber  58  while the fluid returns upwards and out discharge pipe  85 . Thus, it is further to be appreciated that other reversal mechanisms (and combinations thereof) for reversing the direction of the vortex are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0070]    In some embodiments, an outside diameter of the reversal mechanism may be smaller than an inner diameter of the cylindrical main body portion of the centrifugal separator such that an annular gap is provided between the outer edge of the reversal mechanism and the inside wall of the cylindrical main body portion. In some other embodiments, the reversal mechanism may have an outside diameter that is equal to the inside diameter of the main body portion of the centrifugal separator such that no annular gap is provided. 
         [0071]    In some embodiments, and as illustrated in the example of  FIGS. 15A-15C , the reversal mechanism may comprise spin plate  71 . In some embodiments, spin plate  71  may be supported by arrestor vanes  75  for slowing the rotational flow of the particulate matter and/or particulate laden fluid in sediment chamber  58 . In some embodiments, spin plate  71  may have a flat surface. However, it is to be appreciated that spin plate  71  may have other shapes. For example, and without limitation, spin plate  71  may have a slightly conical, convex, or concave shape. In some advantageous embodiments of the present invention, one or more holes may be provided in the spin plate for allowing particulate matter to transfer between the main body of the centrifugal separator and the collection chamber. In some embodiments, one or more holes may be positioned in the axial center of spin plate. For example, and without limitation, hole  73  may be positioned in the center of spin plate  71 . In other examples, the spin plate can include a first centrally located hole and a plurality of holes circumscribing the centrally located hole. In some embodiments, each of the holes may have the same diameter. In some other embodiments, the holes may have diameters of varying sizes. For example, and without limitation, the spin plate can have a smaller centrally located hole and a plurality of larger circumscribing holes. It is to be appreciated that spin plates having other numbers, sizes, and positions of holes are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0072]    In some other embodiments, and as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 16 , the reversal mechanism may comprise spin cone  77 . In some embodiments, spin cone  77  may be engaged with vanes  75  which may direct all particles into sediment chamber  58  and prevent particles in sediment chamber  58  from becoming entrained in the upward flow of fluid to discharge pipe  85 . In some embodiments spin cone  77  may further comprise one or more diverter plates (not shown) to assist in reversing the rotational flow of fluid. In some other embodiments, and as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 17 , the reversal mechanism may comprise one or more supporting cross members  79  engaged with vanes  75 . In some embodiments, and as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 18 , the reversal mechanism may comprise vanes  75 . In some other embodiments, and as illustrated in the example of  FIG. 19 , the reversal mechanism may comprise a small deflection plate  72 . In some implementations, deflection plate  72  may be engaged to vanes  75  through rod  76 . In some embodiments, and without limitation, deflection plate  72  may have a flat surface. However, it is to be appreciated that deflection plate  72  may have a conical, convex, or concave shape in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0073]    In some other embodiments, as illustrated in the example of  FIGS. 20-21 , and without limitation, reversal mechanism may comprise funnel  78 . In some embodiments, the outside diameter of funnel  78  may be smaller than an inside diameter of main body portion  52  of centrifugal separator  50  providing an annular gap between the funnel and the inside wall of main body portion  52 . However, in some preferred embodiments, the outside diameter of funnel may be about equal to an inside diameter of main body portion  52  of centrifugal separator  50  such that no annular gap is provided. In some embodiments of the present invention, a centrifugal separator may have a plurality of reversal mechanisms. Referring now to the exemplary illustration of  FIG. 21 , in some embodiments and without limitation, centrifugal separator  50  may comprise funnel  78  and spin plate  71 . It is to be appreciated that in some embodiments of the present invention, a centrifugal separator may comprise a single reversal mechanism (for example, and without limitation, only funnel  78  or only spin plate  71 ). It is further to be appreciated that other combinations of reversal mechanism are contemplated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. For example, and without limitation, a centrifugal separator may comprise funnel  78  and deflection plate  72 . 
         [0074]      FIGS. 10-14B  are detail illustrations of some embodiments of the present invention. Referring now to the exemplary illustrations of  FIGS. 10A-10B , in some embodiments and without limitation, velocity chamber  61  may comprise a cylindrical shell that is open on the top and bottom. In some embodiments, an opening may be provided on a lateral surface of velocity chamber  61  for engaging a pipe (for example, and without limitation, inlet pipe  81 ). Referring to the exemplary illustration of  FIG. 11 , in some embodiments and without limitation, top cap  65  may comprise a central opening for receiving a pipe (for example, and without limitation, discharge pipe  85 ). In some embodiments, top cap  65  may comprise air bleed  67 . Referring to the exemplary illustration of  FIG. 12 , in some embodiments and without limitation, inlet pipe  81  may have a partial cutaway for engaging a radial edge of velocity chamber  61 . In some examples, and without limitation, the partial cutaway may have a radius about equal to a radius of velocity chamber  61 . In some embodiments, inlet pipe  81  may comprise port  82 . Referring to the exemplary illustration of  FIG. 13 , discharge pipe  85  may comprise air bleed  87 . In some embodiments, discharge pipe  85  may comprise one or more ports  86 . Referring to the exemplary illustration of  FIGS. 14A-14B , velocity plate  63  may comprise a curved plate. In some examples, and without limitation, the radius of velocity plate  63  may have a radius about equal to a radius of velocity chamber  61 . 
         [0075]    Operationally, in some examples and without limitation, a particulate-laden fluid stream under pressure may be introduced into centrifugal separator  50  through inlet pipe  81 . In some embodiments, the particulate-laden fluid may be provided by a suction assembly  40  of a basin sweeper. The fluid flow may be restricted by curved velocity plate  63  as it enters velocity chamber  61 , thereby inducing a rotational flow in velocity chamber  61  creating a downwardly spiraling vortex. As the helical flow continues downward, it passes between an outer wall of discharge pipe  85  and an inside wall of velocity chamber  61 . The particulate-laden fluid flow travels downward slowing in speed as it reaches the interior of main body portion  52 . Here, the downward flow encounters and converges upon a reversal mechanism (for example, and without limitation, funnel  78  and/or spin plate  71 ). Upon encountering the reversal mechanism, the particulate matter is separated from the fluid, and exits into sediment chamber  58  through holes or openings in the reversal mechanism (if provided) and/or the particulate matter is pushed along a surface of the reversal means where it falls between an annular gap between an outer edge of the reversal means and an inside edge of the main body portion  52 . The remaining particulate-free fluid reverses direction and continues upward and exits through discharge pipe  85 . In some embodiments, the particulate-free fluid may be provided to a sweeper assembly  30  of a basin sweeper. The particulate matter may be periodically purged from sediment chamber  58  through purge outlet  95 . 
         [0076]    It is to be understood that variations and/or modifications of the present invention may be made without departing from the scope thereof. It is also to be understood that the present invention is not to be limited by the specific embodiments, descriptions, or illustrations or combinations of components disclosed herein. Thus, although reference has been made to the accompanying figures, it is to be appreciated that these figures are exemplary and are not meant to limit the scope of the present invention.