Abstract:
A thin film transistor (TFT) matrix substrate has a testing circuit that can accurately detect the breaks in gate lines and data lines. In a substrate, TFTs are provided to be connected at the intersections of the gate lines and the data lines. A first shorting bar is commonly connected to the gate lines and a second shorting bar is commonly connected to the data lines. A first test pad receives a first test signal to be applied to the first shorting bar and a second test pad receives a first test signal to be applied to the second shorting bar. A third shorting bar is commonly connected to static electricity preventing devices installed at the gate lines and a fourth shorting bar is commonly connected to static electricity preventing devices installed at the data lines. A third test pad allows the second test signal to be applied to the third and fourth shorting during driving testing if the gate lines and the data lines have breaks or damaged.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application Nos. P98-41209 and P98-48785, filed on Sep. 30 and Nov. 13, 1998, which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a thin film transistor (TFT) matrix substrate having TFTs arranged in a matrix pattern, and more particularly to a TFT matrix substrate having a testing circuit for testing the TFT matrix. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Generally, a TFT matrix substrate has TFTs formed in a rectangular shape and includes data lines and gate lines. Each data line connects drain electrodes of the TFTs and each gate line connects gate electrodes of the TFTs to each other. Each of the TFTs connected between the gate lines and the data lines responds to a scanning signal from the gate line to switch a data signal to be applied to a pixel cell, such as a liquid crystal cell. The gate lines for applying the scanning signal to the TFTs and the data lines for applying the data signal may get disconnected or break due to a manufacturing tolerance of the TFT matrix substrate, a working error, and so on. If the gate line is broken or disconnected, then the TFTs connected to the gate line can not be driven. On the other hand, if the data line is broken or disconnected, then a data signal is not applied to a part of TFTs. In order to check if the gate line or the data line has a break, the TFT matrix substrate is provided with a testing circuit. 
     For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a TFT matrix substrate having a testing circuit includes TFTs  14  arranged in each intersection between the gate line  10  and the data line  12 . The TFTs  14  apply respectively voltage signals on the data lines  12  to pixel electrodes  14 A when a high level voltage is supplied to the gate lines  10 . Odd-numbered gate lines of the gate lines  10  are commonly connected to a first test line  16 A while the remaining even-numbered gate lines of the gate lines  10  are commonly connected to a second test line  16 B. Odd-numbered data lines of the data lines  12  are commonly connected to a third test line  16 C while the remaining even-numbered data lines of the data lines  12  are commonly connected to a fourth test line  16 D. Each end of the first and second test lines  16 A and  16 B is provided with gate test pads  18 A for receiving a gate test signal. The first and second test lines  16 A and  16 B apply the gate test signal from the gate test pads  18 A to the gate lines  10  when it is intended to test if any gate lines  10  are broken down. Likewise, each end of the third and fourth test lines  16 C and  16 D is provided with data test pads  18 B for receiving a data test signal. The third and fourth test lines  16 C and  16 D apply the data test signal from the data test pads  18 B to the data lines  12  when it is intended to test if any data lines  12  have a break therein. 
     Further, the TFT matrix substrate includes static electricity preventing circuits or static electricity preventing patterns or devices  20  connected to each of the gate lines  10  and the data lines  12 . The static electricity preventing patterns  20  connected to the gate lines  10  are positioned at the opposite sides to the first and second test lines  16 A and  16 B and, at the same time, commonly connected to a low level gate line  22 . The static electricity preventing patterns  20  connected to the data lines  12  are positioned at the opposite sides to the third and fourth test lines  16 C and  16 D and, at the same time, commonly connected to a common voltage line  24 . Such static electricity preventing patterns  20  intercept static electricity to be transferred to the gate lines  10  or the data lines  12 , thereby protecting the TFTs  14  from the static electricity. 
     In the TFT matrix substrate as described above, there occurs a case where the break in the gate line  10  is not detected because of current leaks due to the static electricity preventing circuits or static electricity preventing patterns. More specifically, the static electricity preventing pattern  20  connected to the broken gate line  10  or the broken data line  12  forces a test signal voltage to be charged into the low level gate voltage line  22  or the common voltage line  24 , upon testing of the substrate. Then, the voltage charged in the low level gate voltage line  22  or the common voltage line  24  is applied to the broken gate line  10  or the broken data line  12 . As a result, the broken gate line  10  or the broken data line  24  can be normally driven. Due to this, the break in the gate line  10  and data lines  12  is not readily detected. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a TFT matrix substrate having a testing circuit that is capable of accurately detecting the breaking down of gate lines and data lines. 
     A further object of the present invention to provide a testing method of a TFT matrix substrate that can accurately detect the breaking down of gate lines and data lines. 
     Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. 
     In order to achieve these and other objects of the invention, a thin film transistor matrix substrate according to an aspect of the present invention includes thin film transistors connected to gate lines and data lines at the intersection of the gate lines and the data lines, static electricity preventing means installed at each of the gate lines and the data lines, a first shorting bar connected to the gate lines commonly, a second shorting bar connected to the data lines commonly, a first test pad for receiving a first test signal to be applied to the first shorting bar, a second test pad for receiving a first test signal to be applied to the second shorting bar, a third shorting bar commonly connected to static electricity preventing means installed at the gate lines in the static electricity preventing means, a fourth shorting bar commonly connected to static electricity preventing means installed at the data lines in the static electricity preventing means, and charge preventing means for preventing a voltage from being charged into the third and fourth shorting bars when testing if the gate lines and the data lines has been broken down. 
     A thin film transistor matrix substrate according to another aspect of the present invention includes thin film transistors connected to gate lines and data lines forming a matrix, a first shorting bar connected to the gate lines, a second shorting bar connected to the data lines, a first test pad connected to the first shorting bar and responsive to a first test signal, a second test pad connected to the second shorting bar and responsive to the first test signal, a first set of discharge circuits connected to the gate lines, a second set of discharge circuits connected to the data lines, a third shorting bar connected to the first set of discharge circuits coupled to the gate lines, a fourth shorting bar connected to the second set of discharge circuits coupled to the data lines, and a jumper connected between the first and third shorting bars. 
     A testing method of the thin film transistor matrix substrate having thin film transistors connected to gate lines and data lines at the intersection of the gate lines and the data lines, static electricity preventing means installed at each of the gate lines and the data lines, a first shorting bar commonly connected to the gate lines, a second shorting bar commonly connected to the data lines, and a third shorting bar commonly connected to static electricity preventing means installed to the gate lines in the static electricity preventing means, includes the steps of applying a first test signal to the first and second shorting bars, and applying a second test signal to the third shorting bar. 
     Another testing method of the thin film transistor matrix substrate having thin film transistors connected to gate lines and data lines at the intersection of the gate lines and the data lines, static electricity preventing means installed at each of the gate lines and the data lines, a first shorting bar commonly connected to the gate lines, a second shorting bar commonly connected to the data lines, and a third shorting bar commonly connected to static electricity preventing means installed to the data lines in the static electricity preventing means, includes the steps of applying a first test signal to the first and third shorting bars, and applying a second test signal to the second shorting bar. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a TFT matrix substrate having a conventional testing circuit; 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a TFT matrix substrate having a testing circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 shows a TFT substrate testing apparatus for a TFT matrix substrate; 
     FIG. 4A represents a testing resultant of a TFT matrix substrate having a conventional testing circuit; 
     FIG. 4B explains a test resultant of a TFT matrix substrate having a testing circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a TFT matrix substrate having a testing circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a TFT matrix substrate having a testing circuit according to still another embodiment of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 7 is a waveform of a test signal to be applied to the gate lines shown in FIG.  6 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a TFT matrix substrate having a testing circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The TFT matrix substrate includes TFTs  34  arranged in each intersection between a gate line  30  and a data line  32 . The TFTs  34  apply respectively voltage signals on the data lines  32  to pixel electrodes  34 A when a high level voltage is supplied to the gate lines  30 . Odd-numbered gate lines of the gate lines  30  are commonly connected to a first test line  36 A while the remaining even-numbered gate lines of the gate lines  30  are commonly connected to a second test line  36 B. Odd-numbered data lines of the data lines  32  are commonly connected to a third test line  36 C while the remaining even-numbered data lines of the data lines  32  are commonly connected to a fourth test line  36 D. Each end of the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B are provided with gate test pads  38 A for receiving a gate test signal. The first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B apply the gate test signal from the gate test pads  38 A to the gate lines  30  when it is intended to test if any gate lines  30  are broken or disconnected. Likewise, each end of the third and fourth test lines  36 C and  36 D are provided with data test pads  38 B for receiving a data test signal. The third and fourth test lines  36 C and  36 D apply the data test signal from the data test pads  38 B to the data lines  32  when it is intended to test if any data lines  32  are broken or disconnected. 
     The TFT matrix substrate further includes static electricity preventing patterns  40  (or static electricity preventing circuits) connected to each of the gate lines  30  and the data lines  32 . The static electricity preventing patterns  40  connected to the gate lines  30  are positioned at the opposite sides to the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B and, at the same time, commonly connected to a low level gate line  42 . The static electricity preventing patterns  40  connected to the data lines  32  are positioned at the opposite sides to the third and fourth test lines  36 C and  36 D and, at the same time, commonly connected to a common voltage line  44 . Such static electricity preventing patterns  40  intercept and draws static electricity in the gate lines  30  or the data lines  32 , thereby protecting the TFTs  34  from the static electricity. 
     Each end of the low level gate voltage line  42  is provided with third test pads  38 C. These third test pads  38  connect the low level gate voltage line  42  to a ground voltage source (not shown), thereby preventing a test signal voltage from being charged into or remain in the low level gate voltage line  42 . In other words, a test signal applied to the gate lines  30  is not leaked. As a result, the break in the gate lines  30  is accurately detected. 
     Also, each end of the common voltage line  44  is provided with fourth test pads  38 D. These fourth test pads  38 D connect the common voltage line to the ground voltage source, thereby preventing a test signal voltage from being charged into or remain in the common voltage line  44 . In other words, a test signal applied to the data lines  30  is not leaked. As a result, the breaking down of the data lines  32  is accurately detected. 
     In order to test the data lines on the TFT matrix substrate shown in FIG. 2, a first high level voltage of about 20V is applied to the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B through the first test pads  38 A and a second high level voltage of about 10V is supplied to the third and fourth test lines  36 C and  36 D through the second test pads  38 B. Also, the low level gate voltage line  42  and the common voltage line  44  are commonly connected to the ground voltage source each through the third and fourth test pads  38 C and  38 D. Then, the pixel, i.e., TFT  34  positioned at each intersection of the gate line  30  and data line  32 , is driven. To this end, in each the pixel electrode  34 A connected to the TFT  34  which is driven, there appears an electric field. 
     The electric field in each the pixel electrode  34 A is detected by a TFT substrate testing apparatus as shown in FIG.  3 . The testing apparatus of FIG. 3 includes a modulator  52 , a signal converter  54 , a lens  56 , a charge coupled device  58  and an image processor  60  arranged between a TFT matrix substrate  50  and an outputting module  62  in serial. The modulator  52  detects an electric field signal from the TFT matrix substrate  50  and applies the detected electric field signal to the signal converter  54 . The signal converter  54  converts the detected electric field signal into a light signal. The light signal is applied to the charge coupled device  58  through the lens  56 . The lens  56  converges the light signal from the signal converter  54  on the charge coupled device  58 . The charge coupled device  58  converts the light signal from the lens  56  into a electric signal to be applied to the image processor  60 . The image processor  60  processes the electric signal a testing signal, resulting in a test having the shape of a graphic picture such as FIGS. 4A and 4B. The resultant test generated in the image processor  60  is displayed on a screen by the outputting module  62 . The resultant test is optionally printed on a printing paper by the outputting module  62 . The TFT substrate testing apparatus provides a test, resulting in a graphic picture such as FIGS. 4A and 4B. FIG. 4A shows a testing result of the prior TFT matrix substrate, while FIG. 4B represents a testing result of the TFT matrix substrate used in the present invention shown in FIG.  2 . In FIG. 4A, data lines  32  have breaks but appear as if the data lines are in a normal operation. Whereas, in FIG. 4B, each data line  32  has a break and is shown in a solid line, allowing the break in the data line  32  to be detected accurately. 
     On the other hand, the TFTs on the TFT matrix substrate can be test in division or in selected groups. In other words, the gate and data lines on the TFT matrix substrate are tested divisibly, thereby detecting the break in the data line  32  between the gate lines and the break in the gate line  30  between the data lines  32 . In the divisional testing method, the second high level voltage is sequentially applied to the third and fourth test lines  36 C and  36 D, while the first high level voltage is respectively supplied to the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B. 
     Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown a TFT matrix substrate having a testing circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. The TFT matrix substrate includes TFTs  34  arranged in each intersection between a gate line  30  and a data line  32 . The TFTs  34  apply respectively voltage signals on the data lines  32  to pixel electrodes  34 A when a high level voltage is supplied to the gate lines  30 . Odd-numbered gate lines of the gate lines  30  are commonly connected to a first test line  36 A while the remaining even-numbered gate lines of the gate lines  30  are commonly connected to a second test line  36 B. Red data lines  32 R of the data lines  32  are commonly connected to a third test line  36 C, green data lines  32 G thereof are commonly connected to a fourth test line  36 D, and blue data lines  32 B thereof are commonly connected to a fifth test line  36 E. 
     Each end of the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B are provided with first test pads  38 A for receiving a gate test signal. The first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B apply the gate test signal from the first test pads  38 A to the gate lines  30  when it is intended to test if any gate lines  30  are broken down. Likewise, each end of the third to fifth test lines  36 C to  36 E are provided with second test pads  38 B for receiving a data test signal. The third to fifth test lines  36 C to  36 E apply the data test signal from the second test pads  38 B to the data lines  32  when it is intended to test if any data lines  32  are broken down. 
     The TFT matrix substrate further includes static electricity preventing patterns  40  (or static electricity preventing circuits) connected to each of the gate lines  30  and the data lines  32 . The static electricity preventing patterns  40  connected to the gate lines  30  are positioned at the opposite sides to the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B and, at the same time, commonly connected to a low level gate line  42 . The static electricity preventing patterns  40  connected to the data lines  32  are positioned at the opposite sides to the third, fourth and fifth test lines  36 C and  36 D and, at the same time, commonly connected to a common voltage line  44 . Such static electricity preventing patterns  40  intercept a static electricity to be transferred to the gate lines  30  or the data lines  32 , thereby protecting the TFTs  34  from the static electricity. 
     Each end of the low level gate voltage line  42  is provided with third test pads  38 C. These third test pads  38  connect the low level gate voltage line  42  to a ground voltage source (not shown), thereby preventing a test signal voltage from being charged into or remain in the low level gate voltage line  42 . In other words, a test signal applied to the gate lines  30  is not leaked. As a result, the break in the gate lines  30  is accurately detected. 
     Also, each end of the common voltage line  44  is provided with fourth test pads  38 D. These fourth test pads  38 D connect the common voltage line to the ground voltage source, thereby preventing a test signal voltage from being charged into or remain in the common voltage line  44 . In other words, a test signal applied to the data lines  30  is not leaked. As a result, the break in the data lines  32  is accurately detected. 
     In the test of the data lines  32  on the TFT matrix substrate shown in FIG. 5, a first high level voltage of about 20V is applied to the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B through the first test pads  38 A and a second high level voltage of about 10V is supplied to the third to fifth test lines  36 C to  36 E through the second test pads  38 B. Also, the low level gate voltage line  42  and the common voltage line  44  are commonly connected to the ground voltage source, each through the third and fourth test pads  38 C and  38 D. Then, the pixel, i.e., TFT  34  positioned at each intersection of the gate line  30  and data line  32 , is driven. To this end, in each the pixel electrode  34 A connected to the TFT  34  which is driven, there appears an electric field. The electric field in each the TFT is detected by a TFT substrate testing apparatus as shown in FIG.  3 . The TFT substrate testing apparatus provides a testing result in a graphic picture such as FIGS. 4A and 4B. FIG. 4A shows a testing result of the prior TFT matrix substrate, while FIG. 4B represents a testing result of the TFT matrix substrate shown in FIG.  5 . In FIG. 4A, each data lines  32  has a break and is shown in a real or solid line, allowing the breaking of the data line to be detected accurately. 
     On the other hand, the TFTs on the TFT matrix substrate can be test in division. In this case, the breaking of the data line  32  between the gate lines and the breaking of the gate line  30  between the data lines  32  become detected because each of the gate and data lines on the TFT matrix substrate is divided. In the divisional testing method, the second high level voltage is sequentially applied to the third, fourth and fifth test lines  36 C,  36 D and  36 E each, while the first high level voltage is respectively supplied to the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B. 
     FIG. 6 shows a TFT matrix substrate having a testing circuit according to still another embodiment of the present invention. The TFT matrix substrate includes a plurality of gate and data lines  30  and  32  forming a matrix, TFTs  34  arranged in each intersection between the gate line  30  and a data line  32 , and pixel electrodes  34 A connected respectively to output terminals of the TFTs  34 . The TFTs  34  apply respectively voltage signals on the data lines  32  to pixel electrodes  34 A when a high level voltage is supplied to the gate lines  30 . The pixel electrode  34 A is formed on area defined by the gate line  30  and the data line  32 . The gate lines  30  have gate pads  30 A formed at one end thereof, respectively. Odd-numbered gate pads of the gate pads  30 A are commonly connected to a first test line  36 A (or a first dummy material bar  36 A) while the remaining even-numbered gate pads of the gate pads  30 A are commonly connected to a second test line  36 B (or a second dummy material bar  36 B). Also, the data lines  32  have data pads  32 A formed at one end thereof, respectively. Odd-numbered data pads of the data pads  32 A are commonly connected to a third test line  36 C (a third dummy material bar  36 C) while the remaining even-numbered data pads of the data pads  32 A are commonly connected to a fourth test line  36 D (a fourth dummy material bar  36 D). One end of the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B are provided with gate test pad  38 A for receiving a gate test signal. The first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B apply the gate test signal from the gate test pads  38 A to the gate lines  30  when it is intended to test if any gate lines  30  are broken or disconnected. Likewise, one end of the third and fourth test lines  36 C and  36 D are provided with data test pad  38 B for receiving a data test signal. The third and fourth test lines  36 C and  36 D apply the data test signal from the data test pads  38 B to the data lines  32  when it is intended to test if any data lines  32  are broken or disconnected. 
     The TFT matrix substrate further includes static electricity preventing patterns  40  (or static electricity preventing circuits) connected to each of the gate lines  30  and the data lines  32 . The static electricity preventing patterns  40  connected to the gate lines  30  are positioned at the opposite sides to the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B and, at the same time, commonly connected to a low level gate line  42  (or a dummy material bar  42 ). The static electricity preventing patterns  40  connected to the data lines  32  are positioned at the opposite sides to the third and fourth test lines  36 C and  36 D and, at the same time, commonly connected to a common voltage line  44 . Such static electricity preventing patterns  40  intercept and draws static electricity in the gate lines  30  or the data lines  32 , thereby protecting the TFTs  34  from the static electricity. To this end, the static electricity preventing pattern  40  has a resistance of 10 MΩ. 
     The common voltage line  44  is connected to the first test line  36 A through a jumper  46 . The jumper  46  can connect the common voltage line  44  with the second test line  36 B instead of the first test line  36 A. The jumper  46  applies a voltage signal of low level voltage (for example, −8V) from the first test line  36 A (or the second test line  36 B) to the common voltage line  44 , thereby preventing a test signal voltage from being charged into or remain in the common voltage line  44 . In other words, a test signal applied to the data lines  32  is not leaked. As a result, the breaking down of the data lines  32  is accurately detected. To this end, the voltage signal has the low level voltage after maintaining a high level voltage (for example, 20V) during a constant period, as shown in FIG.  7 . 
     In order to test the data lines  32  on the TFT matrix substrate shown in FIG. 6, the TFT matrix substrate is disposed below the modulator  52  included in the TFT substrate testing apparatus as shown in FIG.  3 . Then, a first test signal as shown in FIG. 7 is applied to the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B through the first test pads  38 A and a second test signal of high level voltage (for example, 10V) is supplied to the third and fourth test lines  36 C and  36 D through the second test pads  38 B. The pixel, i.e., TFT  34  positioned at each intersection of the gate line  30  and data line  32 , is charged electric charges when the first test signal applied to the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B have a high level voltage of 20V. To this end, in each the pixel electrode  34 A connected to the TFT  34  which is driven, electric charges are charged. When the first test signal on the first and second test lines  36 A and  36 B maintains a low level voltage of −8V, the common voltage line  44  receives the low level voltage from the first test line  36 A via the jumper  46  so that the second test signal voltage is not charged into or does not remain in the common voltage line  44 . In other words, the second test signal applied to the data lines  32  is not leaked. As a result, the breaking down of the data lines  32  is accurately detected by a TFT substrate testing apparatus as shown in FIG.  3 . The TFT substrate testing apparatus detects the breaking down of the data line during period of Tc as shown in FIG.  7 . The resultant test detected by the testing apparatus is displayed on a screen by the outputting module  62 . After the test of the TFT matrix substrate, the first to fourth test lines  36 A to  36 D and the jumper  46  are removed by cutting the TFT matrix substrate along with a dot line C-C′, such that the gate pads  30 A and the data pads  32 A are separated from the test lines  36 A to  36 D. 
     As described above, in the TFT matrix substrate having the testing circuit according to the present invention, a ground voltage is applied to the low level gate voltage line and the common voltage line by means of the third and fourth test pads, thereby preventing leakage of the test signal voltage. Accordingly, the broken gate lines and the broken data lines are not driven during testing thereof As a result, the break in gate lines and data lines can be accurately detected. Also, in the TFT matrix substrate having the testing circuit according to the present invention, a test signal having in sequence the high and low level voltages is simultaneously applied the common voltage line and the gate lines, thereby preventing leakage of the test signal voltage applied to the data lines. Accordingly, the broken gate lines and the broken data lines are not driven during testing thereof As a result, the break in gate lines and data lines can be accurately detected. 
     Although the present invention has been explained by the embodiments shown in the drawings described above, it should be understood to the ordinary skilled person in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but rather that various changes or modifications thereof are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention shall be determined only by the appended claims and their equivalents.