Abstract:
The invention concerns a method of encoding signals, in particular digitised audio signals, with an encoding device for encoding the signal in an encoding format and a processing device for processing the encoded signal. Methods of that kind are known for example from European patent specification No 290 581. In that case, in the bit rate-reducing encoding of audio signals which are already present in digitized form, for example 48 kHz sampling frequency/16-bit resolution, psycho-acoustic phenomena of the perception of audio signals are used in such a way that the original bit rate of the audio signals is considerably reduced. Such methods are also familiar and standardised under the heading of ‘source encoding’ (ISO 11172 and 11318). The object of the invention is to provide a method of the kind set forth in the opening part of this specification, which resolves the above-indicated problems and in which re-coding operations, once encoding has been effected, are very substantially avoided.

Description:
CROSS-RFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application claims priority of PCT Application Ser. No. PCT/EP98/03981 filed Jun. 30, 1998, German Application 197 27 938.4 filed on Jul. 1, 1997 and is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/462,049 filed on Apr. 3, 2000. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     a) Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The invention concerns a method of encoding signals, in particular digitized audio signals, with an encoding device for encoding the signal in an encoding format and a processing device for processing the encoded signal.  
         [0004]     b) Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     Methods of that kind are known for example from European patent specification No 290 581. In that case, in the bit rate-reducing encoding of audio signals which are already present in digitized form, for example 48 kHz sampling frequency/16-bit resolution, psycho-acoustic phenomena of the perception of audio signals are used in such a way that the original bit rate of the audio signals is considerably reduced. Such methods are also familiar and standardized under the heading of ‘source encoding’ (ISO 11172 and 11318).  
         [0006]     With some encoding methods there is also the option of encoding the signal in a given transmission or storage format in order then to be able to transmit and/or store the signal. That encoding however frequently gives rise to the necessity for the signals to be re-coded in regard to the transmission or storage format used as the transmission channel which is then actually employed or the storage device which is actually used employs another encoding format. If the necessary re-coding algorithms for re-coding the signal for adaptation to the actual encoding format are not available, the result of this is that complete decoding of the signal into a linear, non-data-reduced format and subsequent encoding to the desired format have to be implemented. That frequently results in quality losses of greater or lesser severity. Either that expensive path is adopted or adaptation is not possible.  
       OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0007]     The primary object of the present invention is to provide a method of the kind set forth in the opening part of this specification, which resolves the above-indicated problems and in which re-coding operations, once encoding has been effected, are very substantially avoided.  
         [0008]     In accordance with the invention that object is attained in that, in a method of the kind set forth in the opening part of this specification, the encoding format is determined in dependence on the properties of the processing device.  
         [0009]     With the method according to the invention it is particularly advantageous that encoding is already effected at the transmission end, taking account of the properties of the connected devices for subjecting the signals for further processing. In other words, it is already possible in the encoding procedure to take account of and use the encoding formats which are necessary for the connected items of equipment. In particular by means of the present method it is possible to implement encoding which is adapted to the possibilities of the selected transmission channel and decoding at the reception end, so that the signal can be transmitted and received or decoded at the maximum possible quality.  
         [0010]     Furthermore the method according to the invention makes it possible in any case to avoid expensive re-coding of the encoded signal as the signal is encoded from the outset in the correct format, that is to say the format which corresponds to the connected items of equipment, for example the connected storage device or the connected transmission channel. The method therefore not only permits higher-quality transmission of signals but also faster transmission.  
         [0011]     A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is distinguished in that, prior to establishing the encoding algorithm, the properties or the property parameters of the selected transmission and/or storage and/or decoding devices are ascertained by one or more test signals directed to the corresponding device. In that way by virtue of the method according to the invention it is possible for the encoding format to be used or the encoding algorithm to be applied to be directly adapted to the devices which are actually connected in each case, such as for example transmission channels, storage means or decoding devices at the reception end. With the method according to the invention therefore, a person who would like to transmit signals, by virtue of the test signal, no longer needs to establish or make adjustments for connected items of equipment which are involved, such as for example transmission channel, storage device or decoding devices at the reception end, when that person would like to transmit or send signals. With the solution according to the invention however it is possible, prior to the actual encoding by hand, to preset the corresponding parameters for selection of the desired encoding format in order for example to permit transmission even with devices which are not recognised by means of the test signal. In any case therefore the method according to the invention permits adaptation of the encoding format to the items of equipment used.  
         [0012]     If the signal to be sent is a digitized audio signal and the signal is present in source-encoded form, that is to say in bit rate-reduced form, the method according to the invention makes the following possible: if transmission and/or storage devices of various capacities are available, then, having regard to the amount of data which is still to be transmitted after bit rate-reduced encoding, it is possible to select a transmission channel which enjoys appropriate capacity or a storage device which enjoys appropriate capacity. Thus for example in the case of signals of relatively low quality or when the demands in terms of reception quality are relatively low, that is to say with a higher level of redundancy, it is possible to adopt a transmission channel of lower capacity and thus possibly save cost.  
         [0013]     The invention is used for example in regard to transmission or storage of data-reduced audio signals which are present for example in the formats G.711, G.722, MPEG ½-layer 1, 2, 3 or MPEG 4. The invention can be applied to all systems, for example, transformation and subband encoding methods, adaptive and non-adaptive pulse code modulation methods, with linear and non-linear quantization, combinations thereof and other audio encoding methods.  
         [0014]     The invention also makes use of certain properties of such methods. Typically audio signals which are to be transmitted or stored and which are data-reduced require only a low transmission or storage capacity. The result of this is that audio signals can be transmitted even over narrow-band lines in real time. In that case the data rate of the audio signals is so selected that they satisfy either the qualitative claims or the economic and commercial requirements. A high data rate has a correspondingly high quality, on the other hand it also requires a larger channel or storage capacity, which in turn gives rise to higher costs. When dealing with very narrow-band transmission channels, if wide-band channels are not available, the transmission of high-quality audio signals, that is to say audio signals having large quantities of data, are implemented in an n-times real time with n&gt;1.  
         [0015]     Therefore a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is one in which bit rate-reduced audio signals are to be sent and a plurality of transmission channels and/or bit rates are available for transmission of the audio signals. Then, by virtue of the method according to the invention, the transmission channel and/or the bit rate in the transmission of the audio signals can be selected in such a way that the audio signal can be transmitted in real time or even faster than real time.  
         [0016]     Advantageous developments and configurations of the method according to the invention are set forth in the appendant claims.  
         [0017]     Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for encoding signals, which avoids the problems set forth in the opening part of this specification and in which re-coding of the signal after encoding has been effected is no longer necessary.  
         [0018]     In accordance with the invention that object is attained by an apparatus for encoding signals, having a control device which presets the encoding format to be used for the encoding operation in dependence on the properties of a processing device for subsequent processing of the signals.  
         [0019]     The advantage of the apparatus according to the invention is that the encoding format takes account from the outset of further processing, that is to say for example transmission or storage of the signal. That means that the signal cannot undergo incorrect encoding in the sense that the signal is encoded in an encoding format which does not suit the selected transmission or further processing devices, such as for example a storage device.  
         [0020]     In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention it is possible by means of a control device having a test signal generator which emits a test signal, by means of which the control device establishes the properties of the connected device, thus for example the bit rate of the connected transmission channel, suitably to automatically select the encoding format by means of the control device. The user therefore does not need to intervene manually in the procedure for selecting the desired encoding format. That therefore advantageously affords a considerable simplification in operation. For, on the one hand there is now no need for manual setting of the encoding format and in addition the user of the apparatus is not embarrassed even if that person—for example as a lay person—does not have the appropriate knowledge about the transmission channel or the decoding options at the reception end. The invention is therefore distinguished in particular by its user-friendliness.  
         [0021]     In a further embodiment of the invention, provided at the control device is a display input device which makes it possible for a user to preset an encoding format to be used. It is thus possible to select the correct encoding format even when the format suiting the selected transmission device or storage device or decoding device is not known and also detection by means of the test signal is not possible. It is particularly preferred in that respect that the user can select from predetermined formats; it is however also possible for the user to completely freely preset a given encoding procedure or even entirely prevent an encoding procedure.  
         [0022]     Further advantageous embodiments of the apparatus according to the invention are set forth in the appendant claims.  
         [0023]     The invention will now be described in greater detail by means of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0000]     In the drawings:  
         [0024]      FIG. 1  is a block circuit diagram of the structure at the transmission end of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention for the encoding of signals or a possible implementation of the method according to the invention;  
         [0025]      FIG. 2  is a block circuit diagram of a decoding and storage device at the reception end for further illustrating the invention;  
         [0026]      FIG. 3  is a block circuit diagram of the apparatus according to the invention;  
         [0027]      FIG. 4  is a diagrammactic view of the input device of the apparatus shown in  FIG. 3 ; and  
         [0028]      FIG. 5  is a time-presentation diagram of an audio recording. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0029]      FIG. 1  shows a block circuit diagram of the structure at the transmission end of an installation for carrying into effect an embodiment of the method according to the invention. Referring to  FIG. 1 , a digitized monophonic audio signal T E  is passed to one of the available encoding algorithms C 1  or C 2 , according to a switch position of a switch S 1 . The output signal T EC1  or T EC2  of the encoding algorithm stage C 1  or C 2  respectively is passed to transmission channels U 1  or U 2  or a storage unit SP, according to a switch position of switches S 2a  and S 2b . The signal T EC1  or T EC2  stored in the storage unit SP can be passed at a later time to one of the transmission channels U 1  or U 2 . The control of the switches S 1 , S 2a  and S 2b  regulates a control unit K in dependence on properties or parameters of the desired encoding format, which are set at a user interface N serving as an input/display device and/or stored in a parameter storage means M. In addition the control unit K can control the switches S 1 , S 2a  and S 2b  in dependence on a test signal previously sent to the lines U 1  or U 2  respectively or to the storage device SP. The test signal gives the control unit K the information about the properties or parameters of the channels U 1  or U 2  or the storage device SP. For signal communication between the storage device SP and the control unit K, an additional direct connection K-SP can be made. With those items of information, the control unit K then selects the encoding format C 1  or C 2  corresponding to those properties or parameters, by suitably positioning the switch S 1 . Thus in particular the parameter bit rate of the encoding algorithm stage C 1  or C 2  is set by the control unit K in dependence on the parameters set at the user interface N and/or the parameters stored in the parameter storage means M and/or the necessary parameters, which are detected by the test signal, for the transmission channels U 1  and U 2  respectively.  
         [0030]     A user can select by means of the user interface N receiver parameter sets E 1 , E 2  or E 3  (not shown), using a switch (not shown) and read out the data thereof, for example bit rate, transmission channel and possibly also encoding algorithm, from the parameter storage means M. By means of the user interface N the user can also alter and store or override the parameters of the receiver parameter sets so that the parameters of the interface N and not those of the parameter storage means are used. That may be necessary by virtue of the current transmission and/or storage to be implemented.  
         [0031]     To illustrate the invention  FIG. 2  shows a block circuit diagram of a device at the transmission end. In regard to the parameters used there this device corresponds to the receiver parameter set E 1  from  FIG. 1 . The output signal T AC1  of the transmission channel U 1  is passed to the decoding algorithm stage D 1  and there decoded in accordance with the decoding specification. Alternatively or simultaneously the output signal T AC1  of the transmission channel U 1  can also be passed to the storage unit SP. The output signal of the decoding algorithm stage T A  is a digitized monophonic audio signal.  
         [0032]     By virtue of the method according to the invention the decoding algorithm of the decoding algorithm stage D 1  was established for example by the control unit K by a test signal sent to the decoding algorithm stage. Encoding (see  FIG. 1 ) was therefore implemented in a mode adapted to the detected decoding algorithm stage. Decoding is thus effected by D 1  without any problems, at the reception end.  
         [0033]     The invention further concerns firstly a recording, processing and transmission apparatus of a first type for the storage, processing and transmission of audio signals, with an analog audio signal input, in particular a microphone or a microphone input connection, a converting device for processing analog audio signals to digital audio data and a storage medium for the storage of the digital audio data; secondly a recording, processing and transmission apparatus of a second type for the storage, processing and transmission of audio data, with an input connection for digital audio data and a storage medium for the storage of the digital audio data; and thirdly a reproduction apparatus for the reproduction of audio signals with a headset or headset connection, a converting device for processing digital audio data to analog audio signals and a storage medium for the storage of the digital audio data.  
         [0034]     Apparatuses of that kind, in which analog signals are digitized and then stored on a digital storage medium are known. Such apparatuses can generally also record audio data which are fed in digitally, directly on to the digital storage medium. Such apparatuses are also known, in which the digitally stored audio data can be reproduced after digital/analog conversion by way of an analog audio output, in particular a headset or a headset connection.  
         [0035]     Apparatuses of that kind are used with different functional extents for example in the hi-fi sector. Depending on the equipment involved in the apparatus hi-fi devices of that kind are suitable for recording, processing and/or reproducing the audio signals. Different storage media are required, depending on the recording standard used. When using the DAT-standard (Digital Audio Tape) and the DCC-standard (Digital Compact Cassette) the storage medium for storage of the digital and data-reduced audio data is a magnetic tape. In the case of a further standard, the MD (Mini-Disk), magneto-optical storage disks as storage media are used for storage of the digital audio data which are data-reduced from psycho-acoustic points of view.  
         [0036]     With the recording, processing, transmission and reproduction apparatuses of the general kind set forth, the audio signals are stored in digitized form on the storage medium and can be processed and/or handled by playback with simultaneously fresh recording by means of a further apparatus. The storage medium on which the audio data are stored can be removed from the apparatus and kept for later use if the stored audio data are not required for the time being. Fresh audio data can be stored by erasing and playing over audio data which are no longer required or using a storage medium which has not yet been used.  
         [0037]     For the situation where the stored audio data are required at another location, the situation is mainly that the storage medium such as for example the cassette or disk is taken to the desired location. When it has arrived there the storage medium is inserted into a suitable reproduction apparatus so that the stored digital audio data can be processed or reproduced after digital/analog conversion as analog audio signals.  
         [0038]     The object of this further invention is to develop the apparatuses of the general kind set forth, in such a way that in particular processing and transmission of audio data are accelerated and operation of the apparatus is facilitated.  
         [0039]     In the recording, processing and transmission apparatuses and in the reproduction apparatus of the kind set forth above, in accordance with the invention that object is attained in that the storage medium is intended for constantly remaining in the respective apparatus and the apparatus has a respective interface for transmission of the digital audio data to a processing device which is external to the apparatus.  
         [0040]     The advantages of this invention are in particular that the audio data can be transmitted by way of the interface in a simple fashion. In that respect, in a first step the digital audio data can be transmitted to a computer in order then in a second step to be communicated by way of a data remote transmission line or by means of an electronic mail system to locations which are further away. By virtue thereof it is advantageously no longer necessary for the storage medium itself to be transported from one location to the others. The period of time from the moment of recording an audio signal, for example by means of an apparatus of the first or second type, to the moment of reproducing the recorded audio signal, for example by means of an apparatus of the third type, is considerably reduced. In addition there is no longer the danger that the storage medium suffers damage or is lost during transportation of the audio data.  
         [0041]     The design according to the invention can be carried into effect with a cable-less or cabled interface.  
         [0042]     In addition the apparatus according to the invention saves on numerous precision-engineered components which permit interchange of the storage medium in the case of the known apparatuses. The manufacturing cost of the apparatus is reduced by virtue of the saving on the precision-engineered components. At the same time the level of reliability of the apparatus is increased as in particular the precision-engineered components of an apparatus are the cause of failures and problems.  
         [0043]     In a preferred embodiment the apparatus according to the invention of the first type has an analog high level input connection and/or a digital input connection for audio signals. Those connections make it possible for the apparatus according to the invention also to record, process and transmit signals from the conventional analog or digital recording and reproducing apparatuses.  
         [0044]     In a particularly preferred embodiment, the apparatuses according to the invention of the first and second types have a converting device for processing digital audio data to analog audio data in order to permit reproduction of the stored digital audio data as analog audio signals.  
         [0045]     In a desirable development the apparatuses according to the invention have a headset or at least one headset output connection so that the stored audio data, after digital/analog conversion, can be acoustically reproduced.  
         [0046]     The required storage space for storage of the digital audio data can be reduced in a particularly preferred fashion by the digital audio data being converted into a data-reduced format. For that purpose the apparatuses according to the invention have a converting device for converting the digital audio data into a data-reduced format, for example in accordance with the MPEG, MC, AC3 or ATRAC-standard.  
         [0047]     The preferred embodiments described hereinafter relate both to the recording, processing and transmission apparatuses according to the invention of the first and second types and also the reproduction apparatus according to the invention.  
         [0048]     In the apparatuses according to the invention the storage medium is preferably a flash-RAM or a dynamic RAM. Further precision-engineered components are saved by virtue of using RAM-units of that kind. That means that the level of reliability of the apparatuses is further enhanced for the reasons set out above. In addition, the use of RAM units makes it unnecessary to use a motor for transporting a magnetic storage tape or a magneto-optical disk so that energy can also be saved during operation.  
         [0049]     The interface for cable-less transmission of the digital audio data to a processing device which is external to the apparatus is particularly preferably provided for bi-directional data transmission. It is thus possible to transmit not only digital data from the apparatuses to external processing devices but also from the external processing devices to the apparatuses according to the invention.  
         [0050]     Preferably the interface is an infra-red interface which affords a high data transmission rate with at the same time good transmission quality.  
         [0051]     In a further preferred embodiment of the apparatuses the digital audio data are stored in the data-reduced format in the storage medium. That permits better utilisation of the storage capacity present in the storage medium. Particularly preferably, the digital audio data are also transmitted in the data-reduced format by way of the cable-less transmission interface. That markedly speeds up the transmission of the audio data to a processing device which is external to the apparatus.  
         [0052]     In addition preferably provided on the apparatuses is an analog high level output connection and/or digital output connection for audio signals. That permits data transmission in analog or digital form to known recording and reproducing apparatuses.  
         [0053]     Preferably the apparatuses according to the invention also have a converting device for decoding data-reduced audio data so that, besides data reduction prior to storage of the audio data, decoding of the data-reduced audio data is also possible before same are transmitted to the digital output connection or to the digital/analog processing unit.  
         [0054]     For the input of control commands for controlling the apparatuses, the apparatuses according to the invention preferably have an input device. The apparatuses also preferably have a display device for displaying corresponding items of status or control information.  
         [0055]     So that the recording, processing and transmission apparatuses according to the invention and the reproduction apparatus according to the invention can be used in a versatile manner, they are advantageously of a portable configuration, in a light compact casing.  
         [0056]     The apparatus  1  illustrated in  FIG. 3  includes three apparatus regions, more specifically an analog signal processing region  3 , a digital signal processing region  5  and a digital interface region  7 .  
         [0057]     The analog signal processing region  3  includes a line-in input connection  9 , a microphone input connection  11  which is connected to a microphone pre-amplifier  13 , a first change-over switch  15  with which a downstream-disposed input amplifier  17  is connected either to the microphone pre-amplifier or the line-in input connection, a second change-over switch  19  with which a source can be selected for a downstream-disposed headset amplifier  21  or a line-out output connection  23  and a headset output connection  22 .  
         [0058]     A microphone signal at the microphone input connection  11  is raised by the microphone pre-amplifier  13  to the level which is typical for the line-in input connection  9 . The first change-over switch  15  selects whether the microphone signal or the signal at the line-in input connection  9  is passed along as the input signal. The first change-over switch  15  is controlled by a microcontroller  25  which is to be functionally associated with the digital interface region  7 . The input amplifier  17  serves for level setting of the input signal, the level of the input signal being effected by means of a level control  18  in the input amplifier  17 , by way of the microcontroller  25 . In that case a downstream-disposed peak LED  27  can warn of overdriving of a downstream-disposed analog/digital converter  29  which belongs to the digital signal processing region  5 .  
         [0059]     The second change-over switch  19  which is also controlled by way of the microcontroller  25  selects which analog signal is passed to the headset amplifier  21  and at the same time the line-out output connection  23 . This can be either the signal coming from the input amplifier  17  or the analog signal of a digital/analog converter  31  which is also a component of the digital signal processing region  5 .  
         [0060]     The headset amplifier  21  serves to supply a connected external headset (not shown), wherein volume is controlled by means of a level control  20  integrated in the headset amplifier, also by the microcontroller  25 .  
         [0061]     The digital signal processing region  5  includes the analog/digital converter  29 , the digital/analog converter  31 , a digital input connection  33 , a digital output connection  34 , the digital signal processor  25  (DSP) and a third change-over switch  37 .  
         [0062]     The analog/digital converter converts the signal from the input amplifier  17  into a linear data signal which is transmitted to the digital signal processor  35 . The digital/analog converter  31  converts a linear data signal which comes from the digital signal processor  35  and which is also applied to the digital output connection  34  into an analog output signal which is passed to a connection of the second change-over switch  19 . By way of example, the 24-bit converters from Crystal can be used as the analog/digital converter  29  and the digital/analog converter  31 . The digital input connection  33  and the digital output connection  34  correspond in terms of their properties to the Sony/Philips standard which originates from consumer technology.  
         [0063]     The digital signal processor  35  is responsible for conversion from and into a data-reduced format. In this respect in particular the MPEG audio format is favoured as this represents an audio format which is already wide-spread. For example, the Motorola-56302-DSP device is suitable as the digital signal processor  35 . The third change-over switch  37  connects the signal input of the digital signal processor  35  either to the output of the analog/digital converter  29  or to the digital input connection  33 . In that case control of the third change-over switch  37  is again effected by the microcontroller  25 .  
         [0064]     The digital interface region  7  includes a display device  39 , an input device  41 , a storage medium  43 , as a cable-less interface an infra-red interface  45  and the microcontroller  25 . It will be appreciated that it is also possible to implement an interface with cable.  
         [0065]     In this case the display device  39  can be formed by an LC compact display with a dot matrix, for example the PG12232-D from Actron. In this case actuation of the display device  39  is effected directly by the microcontroller  25 . The input device can comprise pushbuttons or keys which are connected by way of a matrix to the microcontroller  25 . The storage medium  43  which is either a flash-RAM or a dynamic RAM (SD-RAM) should have at least a storage capacity of 30 Megabytes. In this case the storage medium  43  is fixedly integrated into the apparatus, in which respect subsequent enlargement is neither intended nor possible. An increase in the storage capacity of the storage medium  43  can however be effected by suitable personnel by the subsequent insertion of other memory components.  
         [0066]     The infra-red interface  45  serves for loading and unloading the audio data and co-operates directly with an external processing apparatus, for example a personal computer (PC) (not shown). In this respect the infra-red interface preferably complies with the IrDA 1.1 standard and has a data transfer rate of 115 kbit/s to 4 Mbit/s. In a situation involving connection by way of a PC the apparatus  1  has the status of a slave device. The initiative for constituting a connection is always from the PC, that is to say the interface is admittedly always ready to receive but it transmits only when it is requested to do so. While the apparatus communicates with the PC, it is controlled from the PC by means of a suitable computer program. For example the Sharp RY5HD01 IrDA Communication Unit can be used as the component for the infra-red interface.  
         [0067]     The microcontroller  25  controls the different components of the apparatus  1 . For example a type of the 8051 family (8-bit microcontroller) up to the Motorola 16-bit controllers of the 68000 series is suitable as the component.  
         [0068]     In the apparatus  1 , the energy supply (not shown) is a (rechargeable) battery. When using dynamic RAM components, the battery also supplies them in the standby mode. In order to prevent a voltage failure during replacement of the battery, an additional battery, for example a button cell, is provided in the case where dynamic RAM components are used. That arrangement is not required when using flash RAM components. Furthermore, the apparatus  1  has the possibility of supplying energy by way of an external mains unit. The lowest possible level of energy consumption is always a factor to be borne in mind when selecting all components. Components for a supply voltage of 3V are preferably employed.  
         [0069]     In the recording mode, depending on the position of the third change-over switch  37 , either the digital audio data of the digital input connection  33  or the digital audio data from the analog/digital converter  29  are switched to the input of the digital signal processor  35 . The digital audio data are converted by the digital signal processor  35  into a data-reduced format, for example into an MPEG data stream, and transmitted by way of an output of the digital signal processor  35  to the microcontroller  25  and stored by same in blocks in the storage medium  43 . In that case the free storage capacity of the storage medium  43  is continuously checked and represented in the display device  39 .  
         [0070]     If audio data are to be reproduced, firstly the audio data are read block-wise out of the storage medium  43  and transferred by the microcontroller  25  to the digital signal processor  35 . An output of the audio data is now implemented by way of the digital output connection  34  and, after digital/analog conversion, in the form of an analog audio signal, also by way of the line-out output connection  23  and the headset output connection  22 .  
         [0071]     When transmitting and receiving data by way of the infra-red interface  45 , the digital audio data are transferred to or received from a connected PC in the data-reduced format, for example in the MPEG format.  
         [0072]      FIG. 4  diagrammatically shows an input device which can also be used in the apparatus  1  shown in  FIG. 3 . The input device comprises pushbuttons or keys connected to a microcontroller by way of a matrix. The input device in the illustrated embodiment includes REC-, STOP-, PLAY-, PAUSE-, NEXT-, PREV-, SET MARKER-, LOCK-, UP-, DOWN- and SELECT-keys. In the operating procedure of the apparatus  1  there is essentially associated with each key a mode which identifies the operating state or condition in which the apparatus is after the corresponding key has been pressed. In its operating procedure the apparatus can assume in particular a REC-, STOP-, PLAY-, REC-PAUSE-, PLAY-PAUSE, NEXT-, PREV-, SET MARKER-, LOCK-, UP-, DOWN- or SELECT-modes. Further modes are possible if the apparatus is actuated by means of a menu control. In dependence on the current mode, only certain keys are activated and can be used for controlling the apparatus.  
         [0073]     The REC-key can be actuated in the REC-PAUSE- or STOP-mode and serves to start a recording. Each new recording is characterised as a new article. While the recording is running the apparatus  1  is in the REC-mode. In the REC-mode the STOP-key and the SET MARKER-key can be actuated. The current recording is terminated by actuation of the STOP-key; the apparatus goes into the STOP-mode. Pressing the SET MARKER-key which is also possible in the PLAY-mode marks the location which is just being recorded by the apparatus (REC-mode) or reproduced (PLAY-mode). A marking which is set in that way is stored together with the audio data in the storage device and serves for easily retrieving the correspondingly marked locations.  
         [0074]     Pressing the PAUSE-key interrupts recording and puts the apparatus into the REC-PAUSE-mode. The apparatus can also go into that mode when the REC- and PAUSE-keys are pressed at the same time in the STOP-mode. Recording is suspended in that mode but it is possible to modulate an input signal to a desired level. Pressing the STOP-key causes the apparatus to go into the STOP-mode while pressing the REC-key or the PAUSE-key causes it to revert to the REC-mode. When the machine jumps from the REC-PAUSE-mode into the REC-mode, no new article is created, but recording of the current one is continued.  
         [0075]     The PLAY-key can be actuated in the PLAY-PAUSE- or STOP-modes and serves to start reproduction or playback. During reproduction the apparatus  1  is in the PLAY-mode. In the PLAY-mode the STOP-key and, as described above, the SET MARKER-key can be actuated. Reproduction is terminated by actuation of the STOP-key; the apparatus again goes into the STOP-mode. Pressing the PAUSE-key interrupts reproduction and puts the apparatus into the PLAY-PAUSE-mode. Pressing the STOP-key puts the apparatus into the STOP-mode while pressing the PLAY-key or the PAUSE-key puts the apparatus back into the PLAY-mode.  
         [0076]     The NEXT-key and the PREV-key are activated in the STOP-, PLAY- and PLAY-PAUSE-mode and serve to jump from a stored article to the next one or the previous one. In the PLAY-mode, upon actuation of the PLAY-key, it is also possible to provide for fast forward with acoustic monitoring, in which each n-th audio frame is reproduced.  
         [0077]     The LOCK-key which can also be in the form of a latching switch serves to lock all functions and the infra-red interface.  
         [0078]     The UP-, DOWN-, and SELECT-keys are used to actuate further functions, for example level control, erasing individual or all articles, jumping to individual markings, erasing individual or all markings and setting or altering a time monitoring action for individual articles. In this respect the selection of the individual functions is essentially on a menu-controlled basis.  
         [0079]     The keys are subdivided into three groups, with a priority stage being attributed to each group. In the first group Prio 1—   1  are the keys which when operating the apparatus are found and operated ‘blind’. These are the RECORD-, STOP- and SET-MARKER-keys. The second group Prio_ 2  includes the keys which are occupied by a fixed function. This includes the PLAY-, PAUSE-, NEXT-, PREV- and LOCK-keys. The third group Prio_ 3  is formed by the multi-function keys to which different functions are attributed in dependence on the operating condition of the system or the menu control. The functions which are associated with those keys at the time are correspondingly displayed in the display device. This group includes the UP-, DOWN- and SELECT-keys. Instead of the UP- and DOWN-keys it would also be possible to use an angle sensor operating wheel.  
         [0080]     In order to ensure that the keys in group Prio_ 1  can be found and operated ‘blind’, they are arranged in such a way that they are easily accessible for a user on the apparatus. The size and shape of these keys can also make it easier for them to be easily found and actuated. The keys of groups Prio_ 2  and Prio_ 3  are arranged in such a way that they cannot be by mistake actuated or electronically deactivated. It is also possible to provide for those keys to be mechanically covered over.  
         [0081]     It is also possible and desirable for the recording, processing and transmission apparatus according to the invention already to be put into the recording condition prior to actuation of the recording input device in the form of the REC-key. This means that audio signals are recorded and stored on the basis of the FIFO-principle (First-In-First-Out) for a predetermined period of time (lead time) when the REC-key has not yet been actuated at all. It can be provided for example that the audio information of a predetermined previous period of time, for example the last five minutes, is always recorded and retained in the memory. When now the REC-key is pressed, the audio data which were recorded during the period of time prior to actuation of the REC-key are still stored and form a part of the overall recording which is defined by the REC-key. The foregoing measure affords the advantage that, if the user of the recording apparatus should have pressed the REC-key too late, it is nonetheless guaranteed that the complete recording wanted is in fact recorded and no audio information of the desired recording is missed in spite of the REC-key having been actuated late. It will be appreciated that it is also possible for the lead time, that is to say the time unit of the constantly stored information also to be set by the user individually by means of the input device. The pre-recording time is regularly considerably shorter than the time for which audio signals can be stored in the recording device. If for example audio signals can be stored in the recording device for one hour, the pre-recording time can be in the range of 30 seconds to 5 minutes.  FIG. 5  shows what the content of a plurality of recording articles look like in terms of elevation in respect of time, when recordings have been implemented several times and at various times by actuating the REC-key.  
         [0082]     It will be seen from  FIG. 5  that, when the REC-key has been actuated at various times, the recording like the actual recording portion T (track) is also always retained a short period of time prior to actuation of the REC-key-VT-lead time (recording still stored). The recording which is before the lead time is erased on the basis of the FIFO-principle. FIFO means in this respect that the incoming audio data of a given period of time are stored and erased in accordance with the First-In-First-Out principle.  
         [0083]     Both the moments in time and the periods of time VTL, VT and also REC can be provided with a marking (index) by way of the input means so that they can be retrieved again and the actual track beginning can also be edited.  
         [0084]     Fast forward/rewind is provided as a further feature of the recording, processing and transmission device. In this respect it is also possible to provide various stages of a fast forward/rewind. In the fast forward/rewind mode, only each n-th frame is reproduced, with n being a number of greater than  2 . In fast forward or rewind the decoder also receives a faster working clock so that the audio signal is played back at a higher pitch. It is however also possible in fast forward and rewind to retain the pitch of the reproduction mode or not to adapt the pitch of the audio signal, with scanning of the original pitch.  
         [0085]     Finally it is also possible with the input means of the recording and transmission apparatus to input with the audio signals to be recorded items of information about address data such as for example ISDN or e-mail data so that those items of address data information which are associated with the audio signals to be recorded can be evaluated by the microcontroller  25  or the external processing device so that for example the recorded recording information is automatically sent to the desired address.  
         [0086]     The described recording, processing and transmission apparatus is particularly well suited as a recording device for journalists who would like to send the audio recording with the best possible recording quality quickly and safely to their editors so that the article can be published in the media as quickly as possible.  
         [0087]     Set out hereinafter are further embodiments of the invention (with reference numerals in relation to the drawings):  
       Embodiment 1  
       [0088]     Recording, processing and transmitting apparatus  1  for storage, processing and transmission of audio signals, having an analog audio signal input  9 ,  11 , in particular a microphone or a microphone input connection  11 , a converting device  29  for processing analog audio signals to digital audio signals and a storage medium  43  for storage of the digital audio data, with the further features that the storage medium  43  is intended to constantly remain in the apparatus  1  and the apparatus  1  has an interface  45  for transmission of the digital audio data to a processing device which is external to the apparatus.  
       Embodiment 2  
       [0089]     Apparatus according to embodiment 1, with an analog high level input connection  9  and/or a digital input connection  33  for audio signals.  
       Embodiment 3  
       [0090]     Recording, processing and transmission apparatus  1  for storage, processing and transmitting audio data, having an input connection  33  for digital audio data and a storage medium  43  for storage of the digital audio data, with the further features that the storage medium  43  is intended to constantly remain in the apparatus  1  and the apparatus  1  has an interface  45  for cable-less transmission of the digital audio data to a processing device which is external to the apparatus.  
       Embodiment 4  
       [0091]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments having a converting device  31  for processing digital audio data to analog audio signals.  
       Embodiment 5  
       [0092]     Apparatus according to embodiment 4, having a headset or a headset output connection  22 .  
       Embodiment 6  
       [0093]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having a converting device  35  for converting the digital audio data into a data-reduced format.  
       Embodiment 7  
       [0094]     Reproduction apparatus  1  for reproduction of audio signals, having a headset or headset connection  22 , a converting device  31  for processing digital audio data to analog audio signals and a storage medium  43  for storage of the digital audio data, with the further features that the storage medium  43  is intended to constantly remain in the apparatus  1  and the apparatus  1  has an interface  45  for cable-less transmission of the digital audio data to a processing device which is external to the apparatus.  
       Embodiment 8  
       [0095]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments having the further features that the storage medium  43  is a flash-RAM or a dynamic RAM.  
       Embodiment 9  
       [0096]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having the further features that the interface  45  is intended for bi-directional data transfer.  
       Embodiment 10  
       [0097]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having the further features that the interface  45  is an infra-red interface.  
       Embodiment 11  
       [0098]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having the further features that the digital audio data are stored in the data-reduced format in the storage medium  43 .  
       Embodiment 12  
       [0099]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having the further features that the digital audio data are transmitted in the data-reduced format by way of the cable-less transmission interface  45 .  
       Embodiment 13  
       [0100]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having an analog and/or a digital audio output connection  23 ,  24 .  
       Embodiment 14  
       [0101]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having a converting device  35  for decoding data-reduced audio data.  
       Embodiment 15  
       [0102]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having an input device  41  for the input of control commands for controlling the apparatus  1 .  
       Embodiment 16  
       [0103]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having a display device  39  for the display of items of control information.  
       Embodiment 17  
       [0104]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having the further features that the apparatus  1  is portable.  
       Embodiment 18  
       [0105]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having the further features that the recording apparatus is continuously in the recording mode and records audio signals even if a recording input device provided for that purpose has not yet been actuated.  
       Embodiment 19  
       [0106]     Apparatus according to embodiment 18, having the further features that audio signals are recorded and put into intermediate storage as long as the recording input device has not yet been actuated, for a predetermined past period of time, and, for the situation where the recording input device is actuated, audio signals which have already been recorded form part of that overall recording which is defined by actuation of the recording input device.  
       Embodiment 20  
       [0107]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having the further features that the apparatus has means for the input and storage of items of electronic address information, for example ISDN- or e-mail data and that the electronic address information associated with recorded audio signals can be evaluated in a defined manner by the apparatus or the processing device which is external to the apparatus.  
       Embodiment 21  
       [0108]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having the further features that the apparatus has a single-stage or multi-stage fast forward and/or rewind, in which only each n-th data frame is played back and n is greater than 1.  
       Embodiment 22  
       [0109]     Apparatus according to embodiment 21, having the further features that the decoder is clocked faster or operates faster than in normal reproduction and the audio signal is played back at a higher pitch.  
       Embodiment 23  
       [0110]     Apparatus according to embodiment 21, having the further features that in fast forward and/or rewind of the audio signal the decoder operates faster or is clocked faster than usual and the pitch of the audio signal is adapted by sub-sampling of the original pitch.  
       Embodiment 24  
       [0111]     Apparatus according to one of the preceding embodiments, having the further features that the interface is in the form of a cable-less or cabled interface.  
         [0112]     While the foregoing description and drawings represent the present invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made wherein without departing from the true spirit and scope of the present invention.