Abstract:
An animal handling system (AMS), for positioning an immobilized animal in a predefined configuration therein, comprising an automated tuning unit, including: a proximal portion, held outside a medical device including: at least one inner shaft, and at least one outer shaft, the at least one inner is telescopically maneuverable within the at least one outer shaft providing a variable telescopic mechanism; and a distal portion including: a configurable encapsuable life support system (ELSS), the ELSS is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the at least outer shaft and the at least inner shaft and translationally moveable parallel to the longitudinal axis by means of the maneuverable telescopic mechanism.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention generally pertains to MRI with magnet assembly adapted for convenient scanning of laboratory animals, containing an automated RF tuning unit. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Commercially available MRI devices typically consist of main magnets which are positioned in parallel and horizontally. Surface coils (also known as surface plates) are essentially loops of conducting material, such as copper tubing. Surface coils are commonly positioned in a plane being substantially perpendicular to the plane of the main magnets. The surface coils are placed directly on or over the region of interest for increased magnetic sensitivity, more information is available at http://www.mr-tip.com. 
         [0003]    The positioning of the coil is an important determinant of performance. As only the region close to the surface coil will contribute to the signal, there is an improvement in the signal to noise ratio for these regions, compared to the use of receiver coils that surround the appropriate part of the body. These coils are specifically designed for localized body regions, and provide improved signal to noise ratios by limiting the spatial extent of the excitation or reception. 
         [0004]    The effective free space within an MRI device, especially lab-scale and experimental MRI devices is very much limited. The distance between the scanned object and the main magnet is significantly wider as compared with the distance to the surface coils. This is truer when surface coils are utilized. Scanned objects, as such as neonates and laboratory animals, e.g., rats and mice, are preferably scanned when they are immobilized in a perfect horizontal configuration. 
         [0005]    When main magnets are positioned horizontally, surface coils are usually positioned vertically. The irregular body of the animal to be scanned is somewhat compressible along the vertical plane whilst it is substantially non compressible along the horizontal plane. Hence, either the MRI device is designed to be big enough to accommodate the object, and thus the device is much more expensive, or the scanning resolution is relatively low. 
         [0006]    A few patents disclose means for overcoming those drawbacks, and present methods for positioning and securing the RF surface coil at a predetermined configuration. Hence for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,085,219 (&#39;219) discloses an adjustable holder for a magnetic resonance imaging RF surface coil for imaging a part of the body such as the temporomandibular joint. Elements are provided for positioning and securing the RF surface coil at a first predetermined point along a longitudinal axis of the holder and for positioning and securing the RF surface coil at a second predetermined point transverse to the longitudinal axis and at a radial distance R from the longitudinal axis. Patent &#39;219 shows that the surface coil may be adjusted along a path transverse to the longitudinal axis by way of an adjustable shaft or arm which can be moved inwardly and outwardly, and the surface coil can be pivoted in a step-wise manner using a pivot head having a plurality of equally spaced detents. This technology is not implementable in small laboratory-scale MRI devices and scanned object must be tilted and otherwise maneuvered such that optimal imaging is obtained. 
         [0007]    The magnetic field produced by the MRI device is sensitive to manufacturing process variability of the magnets as well as to the ambient temperature of the examination area. Therefore, the frequency of the magnetic field, generated by an MRD&#39;s main magnets, changes from one venue to another and from one operation to another, and even once in every few scanning operations, Radiofrequency transmitted by the RF coil assembly needs to match the main magnetic field in order to receive a good signal, low noise and sharper images. The variability in the magnetic field is compensated by tuning the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation transmitted by the RF coils. Currently, this tuning mechanism involves manually mechanically adjusting the location of the RF coils with respect to the magnetic field, thereby causing a change in the RE field. Such manual systems involve trial and error and are prone to elaborate and lengthy calibration. 
         [0008]    None of the above provides a simple solution for precise positioning of the animal within an MRI device. Hence an MRI-compatible and positioning system fulfill a long felt need. in addition, an automated RE coil tuning unit, provided to replace manual calibration of the RE field, also fulfills a long felt need. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    It is thus one object of the invention to disclose an MRD comprising a plurality of main magnets positioned in a substantial horizontal plane and a plurality of surface plates or coils magnets positioned in a substantial vertical plane. Another object is to disclose a method of using the same such that improved MRI scans are obtained. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]    Preferred embodiments of the current invention are described hereinbelow with reference to the following drawings: 
           [0011]      FIG. 1  shows a detailed view of an Mouse Housing System (MHS), in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0012]      FIG. 2A  and  FIG. 2B  illustrate in an out-of-scale manner an embodiment of the high level assembly comprising the automated tuning unit and the MHS; 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  illustrates an explosive view of the tuning assembly as shown in  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0014]      FIG. 4  illustrates a view of the motor drive shaft; 
           [0015]      FIG. 5  illustrates the automatic tuning algorithm; and 
           [0016]      FIG. 6  illustrates the automatic tuning system. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0017]    The following description is provided in order to enable any person skilled in the art to make use of the invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventor of carrying out this invention. Various modifications, however, will remain apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present invention have been defined specifically to provide an MRI device with a plurality of enter ports and to methods using the same. 
         [0018]    The term ‘Magnetic Resonance Device’ (MRD) specifically applies hereinafter to any Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) device, any Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscope, any Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscope, any Nuclear Quadruple Resonance (NQR) spectroscope or any combination thereof. The MRD hereby disclosed is optionally a portable MRI device, such as the ASPECT Magnet Technologies Ltd commercially available devices, or a commercially available non-portable device. The MRD hereby disclosed is optionally a lab-scale or experimental MRI device. 
         [0019]    As used herein, the term “animal” or “mouse” generally refers in an interchangeable manner to any living creature, such as neonates, other mammal such as mice, rats, cats, dogs, rabbits etc and laboratory animals. 
         [0020]    As used herein, the term “plurality” refers in a non-limiting manner to any integer equal or greater than 1. 
         [0021]    As used herein, the term “motor” generally refers to any kind of an electric motor, namely a machine converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. 
         [0022]    As used herein, the term “console” generally refers to a system console, computer console or root console which is the physical device consisting of a keyboard and a screen and computer containing an operating system program. 
         [0023]    As used herein, the term “memory means” generally refers to any physical device used to store programs (sequences of instructions) or data (e.g. program state information) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device. 
         [0024]    The automated tuning unit disclosed by the present invention recites some main principles; the tuning can be made by semiautomatic manner (i.e. manually operating the motor by controlling commands given by a user) or in an automatic manner by a fully automatic cycle called by one command of the user. The solution combines memory means assembled on the coil which identify the connected coil and stores information about several calibration parameters which are used during the auto-tuning (AT), together with firmware that supports communication with a console. The tuning takes place by mechanically adjusting the location or position of the RF coil assembly with respect to the main magnetic field. AT supporting coils are equipped with a coil status indication led and bed illumination led for operating convenience. 
         [0025]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 1 , schematically illustrating (not to scale) a detailed view of MHS  30 . MHS is characterized by a proximal maneuverable portion  31 , close to the operator, and a distal portion, insertably provided within the MRD. This inner portion, made of MRI-compatible materials, such as polymers, comprises inter alia a cradle or bed-like member  33 , on which a scanned animal  1  is horizontally immobilized. In this drawing, the animal and its cradle are encapsulated within a plastic cover  32 . A plurality of surface coils is intimately covering the animal. Main magnets of MRD  200  are positioned vertically (not shown), and thus surface coils or surface plates  41 ,  42  are positioned horizontally, gently clutching animal  1  in a vertical plane, namely from top and bottom. 
         [0026]    It is acknowledged in this respect that laboratory animals, such as rodents and similar, have a skeleton that allow them to be pressed to some extent along their sagittal plane, whilst animals such as humans and other primates cannot be substantially pressed naturally along their coronal nor transverse planes. 
         [0027]    Reference is again made to  FIG. 1 , schematically illustrating (not to scale) MHS  100  in a distal (40 mm) &amp; horizontal (180°) configuration, i.e., animal  1  is reciprocally displaced distally, towards wall  11   b,  where cradle  31  immobilizing the animal is place horizontally. Indicia  23   a  and  23   b  indicate the same. 
         [0028]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 24  and  FIG. 2B , schematically illustrating in an out of scale manner the high level assembly  60  comprising the automated tuning unit  61  and the MHS  63 .  FIG. 2A  and  FIG. 28  illustrate the front and side view of the assembly, respectively. The tuning unit is preferably positioned on the proximal portion of the MHS as disclosed by the present invention. The tuning unit  61  is automatically operable by a motor, preferably a DC step motor. 
         [0029]    The automated tuning unit and its surrounding components, collectively referred to as the automated tuning assembly, are preferably put together in an end cover  69 . The automated tuning assembly is connected through the proximal end of the end cover to the MHS via a tube press assembly  68 . The tube press assembly is configured to connect to the tuning assembly on its distal end and connect to the MHS on its proximal end. The connection may take place via a connector  65 , which may be in a non-limiting example a nut connector, twist-on connector and/or an end ring. The tube press assembly may further comprise a locking component  62 , provided for locking of the MHS in place with the tube press assembly and the automated tuning assembly. In some embodiments, the tuning unit may further comprise a cable organizer  64 , which is connected to the distal end of the end cover  69 . 
         [0030]    In an embodiment, the tuning unit may also be operable by manual manipulation which includes tuning the RF frequency by mechanically modulating an RF modulating component  67 , without using the motor. 
         [0031]    In a preferred embodiment, information and data may be stored on a memory means, pertaining to calibration related parameters, including the RF coil serial number, the RE coil type in a decimal value, the RF coil name in ASCII text, a decimal value parameter for coil motor calibration, tuning range frequency limits and any other RF related parameters. 
         [0032]    In an embodiment, the automated tuning system may include a status indicator, which for example could be a visual indicator such as one or more LEDs, to provide feedback to an operator as to the status of the current working state of the automated tuning unit and the state of the RF coil. 
         [0033]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 3  illustrating in an out of scale manner an explosive view of the tuning assembly as shown in  FIG. 2 ;  FIG. 3  shows the integrated system subassembly comprising the RF coil assembly  70  and adapted to be in mechanical connection with MHS  63  via the tube press assembly  68 . 
         [0034]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 4  illustrating the motor drive shaft  200 . The shaft is designed to contain and accommodate the automated tuning assembly as disclosed in  FIG. 2 . The proximal end of the motor drive shaft is adapted for connecting to the tube press assembly  68 . The distal end of the motor drive shaft is designed for connecting to the MRD port cover  201 . 
         [0035]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 5  disclosing the automatic tuning algorithm  300  of the automated tuning system disclosed by the present invention. The algorithm starts by identifying the RF coil  301  through the memory means comprised in the RF coil and containing coil calibration parameters. Next, the main magnetic field frequency is measured  302  and compared to the measured RF coil transmitted frequency  303 . If the frequencies match  350 , the algorithm shuts down the motor drive. However, if the frequencies do not match  351 , then the algorithm proceeds to reading the Motor Frequency Transfer function  311 , which assigns a conversion function for each identified RF coil for translating the desired frequency modulation into executable motor steps. The function is then used for calculating the number of steps the motor needs to execute  312 , which is followed by opening the motor driver and moving the motor to target the frequency  313  to match the magnetic frequency. The algorithm then returns to step  305  of calculating the RF coil frequency and comparing it to the main magnetic field frequency. 
         [0036]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 6 , showing the automatic tuning system. The present invention is employed in an MRD system. The MRD system includes a console  101  having a display, a keyboard and includes a processor that is a commercially available programmable machine running a commercially available operating system. The processor contains the coil calibration application  110  which comprises instructions for tuning the RF frequency via the motor. The console  101  and an electronic cage  102  of the MRD system are connected to communicate with each other. The console  101  provides the user an interface that enables automatic and/or semiautomatic commands to be transmitted into the electronic cage  102 . The motor driver  130  found in the MRD magnet  103  functions in response to instructions transmitted from the console  101  through the electronics cage  102  to operate the motor  141  residing in the coil  104 . The coil further comprises a memory means  142  for storing coil calibration information and data. 
         [0037]    In various embodiments, the console  101  of the MRD may be operable by using a mouse, a keypad, touch screen, voice activated and such. The tuning unit may also be remotely controlled. 
         [0038]    While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.