Abstract:
The present invention provides a linear fastening system capable of rapid engagement and disengagement. More specifically, the system utilizes a cooperating collet member and a compression ring member which are constructed and arranged to slip easily over a shank member. The fastener system is secured by linearly traversing a compression member in an overlapping fashion over the collet member thereby utilizing ribbed surfaces to compress the collet member to grip the outer surface of the shank member. In this manner, the linear fastener system is capable of providing a precise, secure, and reproducible connection between multiple components without the need to apply rotational torque to the assembly.

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/618,689, filed Jul. 9, 2003 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,658,582, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/358,427, filed Apr. 3, 2003 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,105,029), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to fasteners capable of rapid linear engagement and disengagement. More specifically, the system utilizes a combination of interlocking sleeve members which combine to form a versatile and effective fastener system which may be used to connect components together without placing torque on the assembly. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In general, a fastener is any device used to connect or join two or more components to create an assembly. In the field of manufacturing there are numerous assembly processes requiring individual components to be joined with fasteners to create an assembled product. Most of these processes, requiring fixations of one component in relation to another are currently performed using threaded fasteners for connections. The most common threaded fasteners are referred to by many names, among them: bolts, screws, nuts, studs, lag screws, and set screws. 
     Since the invention of the threaded fastener, and particularly the bolt and nut combination, various attempts aimed at improving the efficiency of assembling components with threaded fasteners have been made. For this reason, today&#39;s product designer has an extraordinary array of choices and possible permutations of known fastening concepts and features. Literally hundreds of types and variations of threaded fasteners are available. Because threaded fastener connections often have a significant impact on assembly cost and product reliability, a great deal of design effort is directed to more efficient designs. Fastener design effort typically involves compromises among considerations such as cost, size, reliability, performance, ease of manufacture, and retrofit capability to existing product designs. While some of these designs improve assembly efficiency, they often result in extremely complex, specialized and expensive fastening components. 
     In addition to the assembly costs associated with threaded fasteners, the rotational torque required for proper utilization of threaded fasteners is often undesired. When a bolt is used to clamp two parts, the force exerted between the parts is the clamping load. The clamping load is created by exerting a tightening torque on the nut or the head of the screw. These forces keep the threads of the mating parts in intimate contact and decrease the probability of the fastener loosening in service. These forces may damage delicate assemblies, such as electronics and the like. Lock washers, plastic inserts in the nut or bolt, adhesives, cotter pins, locking tabs, etc. are often used to reduce the torque required to prevent a nut and bolt combination from becoming loose during operation. While these devices are generally effective, they add cost and complexity to the assembly operation especially where automated equipment is utilized. 
     Accordingly, what is lacking in the prior art is a cost effective fastening system capable of linear engagement. The fastener system should achieve objectives such as providing improved manufacturing and assembly efficiency, effective reliable performance, corrosion resistance, and torque-less assembly. The system should include packaging flexibility for installation on various products including retrofitting existing product configurations with minimal modification of the original product. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
     A number of prior art threaded fastening systems exist for attaching components together to form an assembly. Most of the systems, for example bolts and nuts, utilize a combination of internally and externally threaded components to achieve the clamping forces necessary to create the desired assemblies. 
     It is also known in the prior art to provide various fasteners capable of partial linear and partial rotational engagement. These fasteners generally feature radially inwardly or outwardly biased arcuate segments mounted to engage the threads of a bolt, nut or other threaded member. The threaded segments are generally movably mounted within a casing or around a shaft and resiliently urged inwardly or outwardly. Typically the devices are provided with axially spaced apart radially inwardly directed surfaces of revolution, such as frustoconical surfaces, extending at a common acute angle to the axis of the fastener. In this manner the fasteners and couplings may be secured by merely pushing the threaded components together, thereafter final tightening is accomplished by rotation of the fasteners. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,788,443 to Cabahug discloses a male coupling device featuring movably mounted threaded members which are capable of rapid engagement and disengagement with respect to the stationary threads of a female coupling device. The male coupling device includes a handled shaft having a plurality of threaded segments surrounding the shaft, a sleeve is mounted to move relative to the handle to move the threaded segments inwardly and outwardly to effectively vary the diameter of the assembled threaded elements. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,613,816 to Cabahug discloses an apparatus for rapidly engaging and disengaging threaded coupling members. The complex device includes pin assemblies moveably fitted within adjacent V-shaped segments of the movably mounted externally threaded elements. The device is constructed such that as the coupling members are moved relative to one another the pin assemblies force the threaded elements apart. In addition, ball assemblies are required to maintain proper alignment and locking action of the threaded segments, further adding to the complexity of the device. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,800,108 to Cabahug discloses apparatus for rapidly engaging and disengaging threaded coupling members, which eliminates the ball assemblies of his prior disclosure. The device includes an outer body with a plurality of pull/lock/torque pins extending inwardly to cooperate with oval indentations and apertures extending along the side of the threaded segments. When the sleeve associated with the outer body is moved down, the pins abut the oval indentations to lock the threaded elements in place. As the sleeve is pulled upwardly the pull/lock/torque pins clear a ledge formed on the threaded segments allowing them to move. Continued pulling back of the sleeve allows the pins to pass through apertures and causes the threaded segments to engage a ramp to direct the segments back and away from the bolt member. The construction requires extremely tight machining tolerances to prevent the pins from deflecting to the side and preventing operation of the device. In addition, the amount of torque which can be applied to the threaded segments is limited to that which the pins and the oval indentations can withstand, limiting the device to light duty applications. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,378,187 to Fullerton discloses a quick acting nut assembly. The device consists of a multi-part nut casing having an inclined interior surface adapted for sliding engagement with a threaded jam nut which wedges therein. As the jam nut moves in a first direction along the inclined surface, it compresses radially and the threads of the jam nut engage the threads of the bolt. As the jam nut moves in a second direction along the inclined surface, it may expand radially and disengage from the bolt. When the jam nut is in the engaged position it may be tightened by conventional rotational motion. As the device is tightened the threaded segments increase pressure against the fastener making the task of torquing the fastener to a specified torque difficult. In addition, due to the size of the device, it requires additional space for wrench clearance and the like. 
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,324,150 and 5,427,488 to Fullerton disclose threaded fasteners having a casing that enclose at least three inwardly biased arcuate segments positioned to engage the threads of a bolt. The casing defines spaced apart frustoconical surfaces directed toward the fastener and positioned to engage corresponding surfaces of the segments when the fastener is turned in a first direction. The casing is also provided with a second frustoconical surface for urging the threaded arcuate segments away from the bolt when the fastener is turned in a second direction. 
     While the prior art devices allow partials linear engagement they require rotational torque to produce the clamping forces required to maintain assemblies. These devices also require extensive machining of thin sections and require difficult assembly processes for manufacture. This combination results in high production cost and weak finished components. Still further, it is well known in the art that cold forming manufacturing techniques result in much stronger and more reliable fasteners. The designs of the prior art devices do not lend themselves to traditional fastener manufacturing techniques, e.g. cold forming, thread rollers, pointers, nut tappers, slotters, shavers etc., adding to the high manufacturing cost and reducing the strength of the fasteners. The present invention teaches a linear fastener system that includes an inner collet member and an outer compressing member that is capable of rapid linear actuated engagement and/or disengagement. In addition, the present invention teaches a linear engaging fastener that is capable of applying precise clamping force to the assembled components without rotating the fastening members. Still further the present invention teaches a fastener system that lends itself to multiple manufacturing techniques. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a linear fastening system capable of rapid linear engagement and disengagement. More specifically, the system utilizes a interlocking collet member and a compression ring member which are constructed and arranged to slip easily over a shank member while in a first release position. The collet member is constructed and arranged with an inner engaging surface and an outer ribbed compression surface, the compression ring member being constructed and arranged with an inner ribbed compression surface preferably conjugate in shape with respect to the outer surface of the collet member. The fastener system is secured by sliding the compression member in a linear overlapping fashion over the collet member, thereby utilizing the ribbed surfaces to compress the collet member and place a tensile load on the compression ring to grip the outer surface of the shank member. In this manner, the linear fastener system is capable of providing a precise, secure, and reproducible connection between multiple components without the need to apply rotational torque to the assembly. The connection also allows full thread engagement and a locking connection without the need for plastic inserts or adhesives. When compared to traditional threaded fasteners, the dual ribbed compression surfaces allow very precise tensile loads to be applied to the shank member. Prior art designs require torque wrenches to apply measured clamping loads to fasteners. Linear compression of the collet member eliminates variations as seen in the prior art due to surface finish, lubrication and thread engagement to achieve a precise clamping load. 
     Accordingly, it is an objective of the present invention to provide a fastener system capable of precisely and reproducibly securing multiple components into a single assembly without the need to apply-torque to the assembly. 
     An additional objective of the present invention is to provide a fastener system capable of precise and reproducible linear engagement and disengagement. 
     It is a further objective of the present invention to provide a fastener system capable of providing precise and reproducible linear engagement to externally threaded surfaces and the like. 
     A still further objective of the present invention is to provide a fastener system capable of providing precise and reproducible linear engagement to snap ring grooves and the like. 
     Another objective of the present invention is to provide a fastener system capable of providing precise and reproducible linear clamping forces to a shank member. 
     Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a fastener system suited for automated manufacturing and assembly. 
     Still yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a fastener system that allows close spacing and does not require wrench clearances. 
     Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention. The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the instant invention being utilized to secure an automotive valve cover; 
         FIG. 2  shows a section view of one embodiment of the instant invention illustrating the collet member with the compression ring in the first release position; 
         FIG. 3  shows a section view of the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2  wherein the compression ring is moved into the second engaged position; 
         FIG. 4  shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the collet member of this invention; 
         FIG. 5  shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the collet member of this invention; 
         FIG. 6  shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the collet member of this invention; 
         FIG. 7  shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the compression ring of this invention; 
         FIG. 8  shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the compression ring of this invention; 
         FIG. 9  shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the compression ring of this invention; 
         FIG. 10  shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the shank member of this invention; 
         FIG. 11  shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the shank member of this invention; 
         FIG. 12  shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the shank member of this invention; 
         FIG. 13  shows linear coupling assembly of the instant invention. 
         FIG. 14  shows linear coupling assembly of the instant invention; 
         FIG. 15  shows a side view partially in, section illustrating one embodiment of the present invention in cooperation with a snap ring groove; 
         FIG. 16  shows a side view partially in section illustrating one embodiment of the present invention in cooperation with a generally smooth shank surface; 
         FIG. 17  shows a side view partially in section illustrating one embodiment of the present invention in cooperation with a knurled shank surface; 
         FIG. 18  shows a side view partially in section illustrating one embodiment of the present invention in cooperation with a threaded shank surface; 
         FIG. 19  shows an implement for applying linear compression; 
         FIG. 20  shows a perspective exploded view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 21  shows a section view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 18  illustrating the linear fastener in the first release position; and 
         FIG. 22  shows a section view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 18  illustrating the linear fastener in the second engaged position. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Although the invention is described in terms of a preferred specific embodiment, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in this art that various modifications, rearrangements and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims appended hereto. 
     The linear engaging fasteners  10  utilized to secure the automotive valve cover  14 , shown in  FIG. 1 , are a representation of the general utility of the present invention. Referring to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the linear fastener generally includes an axially aligned collet member  11  and a compression ring member  12  which are constructed and arranged to cooperate with a shank member  13 . The external surface  18  of collet member  11  is constructed generally cylindrical with at least one and preferably three outwardly and circumferentially extending rib(s)  34  positioned about a central axis. Each rib  34  being constructed with a first ramp surface  36  to allow the compression ring to slide onto the rib and a second, ramp surface  38  to allow the compression ring to be removed from the collet member  11 . The internal gripping surface  31  of collet member  11  is generally constructed and arranged to have a conjugate surface to the gripping surface  15  of the shank member  13  for cooperative engagement therebetween. The collet member  11  may also include a flared base  19  suitable to distribute clamping force over a wide area or provide a bearing surface for relative rotation of adjacent components. The collet member may be constructed of materials well known in the art which may include but should not be limited to steel, bronze, brass, copper, aluminum, plastic, ceramic, or rubber, as well as suitable combinations thereof. The compression ring  12 , has a generally cylindrical interior surface  20  with at least one inwardly and circumferentially extending rib  40  arranged around a central axis to cooperate and coaxially align with the outwardly extending rib(s)  34  of the collet member  11 . Each compression ring rib  40  being constructed with a first ramp surface  42  to allow the compression ring(s) to slide onto a respective collet rib and a second ramp surface  44  to allow the compression ring to be removed from a collet member  11 . The compression ring  12  may be constructed with a flange  21  about the upper surface. The flange  21  may have optional lugs  22  ( FIG. 8 ) formed in a C-shape for engaging an extractor (not shown) used to remove or disconnect the coupling. The flange may also have optional wrench flats  23  ( FIG. 9 ) for engaging wrenches and/or sockets that are well known in the art. 
     The shank member  13  is generally illustrated in  FIGS. 10 through 12 . The shank member includes an outer gripping surface  15  which is preferably round in shape, but may be oval, hex, d-shaped, square, rectangular or have other shapes well known in the art that are suitable for shank and/or shaft use. The outer gripping surface may also include any number of surface finishes well known in the art to enhance the gripping action between the shank member and the collet member, including but not limited to, threads, knurl, rings, snap ring grooves, generally smooth or tapered surface, or suitable combinations thereof, as well as other surfaces suitable for providing adequate grip to secure an assembly. 
     The ribbed construction of the outer surface of the collet member and inner surface of the compression ring allow the two components to be interlocked into a coaxially aligned sub-assembly prior to assembly to a shank member. In operation, the compression ring and collet sub-assembly  50  ( FIG. 2 ), is slid or loosely threaded over the external gripping surface  15  of a shank member  13 . As the interlocking sub-assembly  50  contacts the components being assembled the wedging action of the threads forces the collet open until the outer surface of the ribs  34  are forced against the inner surface  52  of the compression ring  12 . This construction allows precise clamping forces to be applied to an assembly as the compression ring  12  is linearly traversed with respect to the collet member  11  and the interaction between the threads and the inner surface of the: collet member exert a tensile load on the shank member  13 . The construction also allows full surface engagement between the gripping surface  15  of the shank member  13  and the internal gripping surface  31  of the collet member  11 , and facilitates a locking connection without plastic inserts or adhesive. 
       FIGS. 13 and 14  show non-limiting alternative methods of securing the linear fastener  10  to a shank member. In  FIG. 13 , the collet member  11  can be slid or loosely threaded onto the gripping surface  15  of the shank member, illustrated herein having exterior threads. The relationship between the threads on the shank and the collet are constructed and arranged to cause a tensile load on the shank member when the collet is compressed. The shank member may also include an optional tensioning means constructed and arranged to allow a predetermined amount of clamping force to be applied to the components or tension applied to the shank member prior to engaging the collet member with the compression ring member. The optional tensioning means is illustrated herein in a non-limiting embodiment as an internal bore  32  which includes internal threads  28 . The internal bore is constructed and arranged to cooperate with a tension rod  25 . The tension rod includes external threads  26  which are threaded into the internal threads  28  of the shank member. The external threads  26  engage internal threads  28  of the shank member to apply a predetermined amount of clamping force to the component(s)  23  prior to engaging the compression ring  12  over the collet member  11 . The ribbed inner surface  20  of the compression ring  12  is frictionally engaged with the ribbed outer wall  18  of the collet member  11 . The linear compression coupling results from equal and opposite forces, A and B, shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14 , being applied to the compression ring and the collet member, simultaneously. Once the collet member is collapsed to the shank member the compression ring is tensilely loaded to maintain the compression force, resulting in a connection that is resistant to undesired loosening. 
       FIG. 13  shows an alternative tension means for applying a predetermined amount of clamping force to a component, wherein the shank member  13  includes a tip  24  constructed and arranged to be grasped by an assembly tool  90  ( FIG. 19 ). Other alternative tension means suitable for grasping the shaft member to apply a predetermined amount of clamping force to the components prior to engaging the linear fastener may include but should not be limited to frangible stems, internal or external grooves, cross drilled apertures, internal bores and flats as well as other suitable means well known in the art. 
     In  FIGS. 15 through 18 , final assembly of the collet member  11  and the compression ring  12  are shown engaging various outer gripping surfaces  15  of shank members  13 . 
       FIG. 19  shows an instrument having a pistol grip  93 , a power source  94  and concentric pistons  91  and  92 . Piston  92  is sized to grip the tension rod. Piston  91  is sized to seat on the compression ring. As the instrument  90  applies progressive pressure through concentric pistons  91  and  92 , the compression ring  12  moves downwardly reducing the diameter of the collet member  11  and tensilely loading the compression ring through the interaction of the complementary ribbed surfaces. The interior gripping surface of the collet member tightly engages the external gripping surface of the shank to provide a locking relationship. Once all slack is taken out of the linear coupling, the extension rod may be constructed to break at the limit of optimum pressure. Alternatively, the instrument  90  may have a gauge for setting the desired pressure wherein the shank member is released after compression. 
     In the event that a linear fastener must be removed, a similar instrument may be employed. One of the pistons would have a flange with flat lugs. The instrument would be placed over the compression ring and turned to engage the flat lugs and opposite force is applied to remove the compression ring from the collet member. The linear coupling is separated without placing pressure on the fastened components. 
       FIGS. 20 through 22  show an alternative embodiment of the present invention wherein progressive linear engagement of the compression ring over the collet member applies tension to the shank member as it ramps upwardly on the collet member. In this embodiment the shank member includes at least one conical or angled surface  29  which cooperates with a conjugate surface  30  within the collet member  11 . 
     All patents and publications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. All patents and publications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. 
     It is to be understood that while a certain form of the invention is illustrated, it is not to be limited to the specific form or arrangement herein described and shown. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention is not to be considered limited to what is shown and described in the specification. 
     One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objectives and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. The embodiments, methods, procedures and techniques described herein are presently representative of the preferred embodiments, are intended to be exemplary and are not intended as limitations on the scope. Changes therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention and are defined by the scope of the appended claims. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.