Abstract:
Isolated cytohesin-PH peptides that can inhibit the beta-2 integrins from adhering, wherein the cytohesin-PH peptide has an amino acid sequence that comprises about a 140 amino acid domain from cytohesin-2. Assay kits comprising the peptides also are provided.

Description:
The present invention relates to the use of cytohesin-PH peptides to influence the ability of integrins to adhere. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     T-Lymphocyte activation is achieved by coordinated binding of adhesion molecule receptors and signal receptors which are then expressed on the surface of T cells when these receptors bind to their complementary receptors on the antigen-presenting cell. Besides the T-cell receptors (TCRs) and MHC (major histocompatibility class) class I or II proteins, which are always involved in leukocyte activation, various types of coreceptors also are necessary, such as the integrins, and the CD2, CD4 and CD8 molecules. The functional interaction between the TCRs and the T-lymphocyte coreceptors is dynamic in nature, that is, only the binding of a TCR to its target molecule brings about enhanced binding of the coreceptors to their complementary receptors. 
     The integrins are a large family of cell surface molecules. These molecules are heterodimers that comprise pairs of α and β chains without disulfide linkages. Because there are several different α and β chains, differences in ligand specificity are achieved by different combinations of the α and β chains. The integrins are involved both in direct cell-cell interaction and in the binding of cells to the extracellular matrix. 
     Integrins that occur on non-activated lymphocytes are in a so-called “low-avidity state,” which is converted very rapidly by T-cell activation into a transient so-called “high-avidity state.” The mechanism of this so-called “inside-out signaling” has not yet been elucidated, however. Collins et al.  Curr. Opinion Imm.  6: 385-393 (1994). 
     According to the affinity modulation model on T-cell activation, there is a conformational change in the integrins which first makes the high-affinity ligand binding site accessible to the ligand. Possible molecular events bringing about the conformational change which are currently suggested are covalent modification (for example, phosphorylation) or binding of activator or repressor molecules to the cytoplasmic domain of the integrin β subunit, but there is no experimental evidence in favor of a particular mechanism. Diamond and Springer,  Curr. Biol.  4: 506-517 (1994). 
     Another type of signal protein is the hsec7hom (human SEC7 homolog) protein, which is mainly expressed in natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells. This protein was thought to be the human homolog of the SEC7 protein from  S. cerevisiae . However, because of the (i) great difference in the molecular weights of SEC7 and hsec7hom, (ii) the sequence similarity that is limited to a relatively short section, and (iii) the specific expression of hsec7hom, it is now thought that hsec7hom does not belong to the SEC7 protein family. See Liu and Pohaidak,  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta  1132: 75-78 (1992)) For these reason, the hsec7hom protein will be referred to as “cytohesin-1.” 
     Cytohesin-1 contains two regions which are homologous with domains of other proteins: 
     1. SEC7 domain: this domain contains about 200 amino acids and is only known to be found in a few other proteins. One of these proteins is the SEC7 protein, which is involved in secretion in yeasts. Another protein that possesses this domain is EMB30, which is involved in embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. Shevell et al.,  Cell  77: 1051-1062 (1994). 
     2. PH domain (Pleckstrin homology domain): this domain is about 100 (±25) amino acids long and has been found in a number of proteins, many of which play a part in the signal transduction. The three-dimensional structure of some PH domains has been elucidated. These domains are able to function as ligand-binding domains. Tsukada et al.,  Proc. Nat&#39;l Acad. Sci USA  91: 11256-60 (1994). Although it has been shown that the heterotrimeric G proteins can interact with PH domains, no exact physiological function for PH domains has been previously found. Birney,  TIBS  19: 349-353 (1994). Because the C-terminus of the PH domain has not been conclusively determined, larger amino acid sequences can be employed to ensure that the entire PH domain is present. 
     The PH domain is of major importance with regard to the present invention because of its ability to interact with the integrins. 
     The integrins are found on leukocyte surfaces and are involved in the inflammation process. Within minutes after receiving an inflammatory stimulus, the integrins acquire, through signal transduction pathway(s), the ability to attach to cell-surface and extracellular ligands. In some cases, the activation is transient, which means that the integrins quickly lose the ability to adhere. The dynamic cycling between adhesive and non-adhesive states endows a cell with the ability to rapidly regulate adhesion to ligands on apposing cell surfaces and matrices. This ability may be implicated in cell movement, which requires a rapid flux of adhesive interactions. 
     The function of integrin adhesion was initially documented in experiments that interfered with integrin function by using antibodies of peptide antagonists. The physiology of integrins has been assessed by the investigation of natural or induced genetic mutations of individual subunits. These mutations result in a variety of pathological sequelae. 
     Integrin-mediated adhesions has functional roles in a wide variety of biological and pathological settings, including hemostasis, inflammation, and tumor metastasis and development. For example, in primary hemostasis, platelet attachment to blood vessel walls, and aggregation at the site of injury are mediated by the integrins. Adhesion and signal transduction by integrins are essential elements of a sequence of intracellular interactions leading to antigen-specific activation of T-lymphocytes. 
     In inflammation, integrins mediate the critical attachment-strengthening step in the adhesion cascade, which permits leukocytes to move from the vasculature, across the endothelium lining blood vessels, and into the parenchyma. The subsequent migration of cells through the parenchyma depends upon the transient nature of integrin adhesiveness. This migration also may depend upon a sequence of attachment and detachment of ligand(s) by rapidly activated and inactivated integrin subpopulations, which are located and the leading and trailing edges of the migrating cells. 
     Because the vast array of functions performed by the integrins, these molecules are implicated in a large number of disease states. Accordingly, there is a need for methods of influencing the ability of integrins to adhere. This need is satisfied by the present invention. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide methods of influencing the ability of integrins to adhere. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide methods of influencing the ability of integrins to adhere by employing cytohesin-PH. 
     It is still another object of the present invention to administer proteins that contain the cytohesin-PH peptide to patients to treat diseases and otherwise improve the physical condition. 
     It is yet another object of the present invention to provide assays, including those to screen drugs, using proteins that contain the cytohesin-PH peptide. 
     In accomplishing these and other objects, there is provided, in accordance with one aspect of the invention, the use of a cytohesin-PH peptide, in particular as shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO: 12) or parts of the sequence shown therein, such as amino-acid positions 258 to 398, (residues 258 to 398 of SEQ ID NO: 12) to regulate the T-lymphocyte activation. 
     The invention furthermore relates to the use of a DNA coding for a cytohesin-PH peptide, in particular as shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO: 11) or parts of the sequence shown therein, such as nucleotide positions 841 to 1263, (bases 841 to 1263 of SEQ ID NO:11) for expression of the peptide. 
     The invention furthermore relates to the use of a DNA whose sequence is degenerate (often referred to as codon/anticodon wobble) with respect to the sequence of the DNA mentioned above in accordance with the nature of the genetic code. 
     The invention furthermore relates to the use of a DNA which hybridizes under stringent conditions with the DNA shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO: 11). Such DNAs include probes, which can be used to identify and/or isolate a gene or other nucleotide sequence. One type of DNA according to the invention would hybridize to the DNA of FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO: 11) under highly stringent conditions. 
     The invention furthermore relates to vectors comprising a DNA described above and the use thereof for the expression of a cytohesin-PH peptide. 
     The invention furthermore relates to host cells comprising one of the vectors described above, and uses thereof. 
     The invention additionally relates to the use of a cytohesin-PH peptide described above for reducing or otherwise influencing inflammations, for improving wound healing, for suppressing the immune system, in particular in organ transplants, for preventing metastasis of hematopoietic tumors and for treating arteriosclerosis. 
     The invention furthermore relates to a pharmaceutical comprising a cytohesin-PH peptide and a physiologically acceptable vehicle and, where appropriate, suitable additives and/or ancillary substances. 
     The invention furthermore relates to an assay system with relevance for therapeutic use comprising the cytohesin-PH domain, preferably a drug screening assay system. 
     The invention furthermore relates to a cytohesin-2 peptide having the amino-acid sequence shown in FIG. 1B (SEQ ID NO: 10). The invention additionally relates to the use of a cytohesin-2 peptide having the amino-acid sequence encoded by the cts 18.1-cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 14) to regulate T-lymphocyte activation. The invention additionally relates to a DNA coding for a cytohesin-2 peptide or parts thereof. A sample of the cts 18.1 cDNA has been deposited at the DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. The deposit has been assigned accession number DSM 13656. 
     The invention furthermore relates to a DNA whose sequence is degenerate with respect to the sequence of the DNA mentioned above in accordance with the nature of the genetic code. Degeneracy is often referred to as codon/anticodon wobble, and is discussed in Watson et al., MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE GENE (4th ed. 1987) at 437-43. Also within the scope of the invention are so-called “polyamide” or “peptide” nucleic acids (“PNAs”), which replace the (deoxy) ribose phosphate backbone with an achiral polyamide backbone or the like. See Nielsen et al.,  Science  254: 1497-54 (1991). 
     The invention furthermore relates to the use of a DNA coding for a cytohesin-2 peptide for expression thereof. The invention furthermore relates to the use of a cytohesin-2 peptide as shown in FIG. 1B (SEQ ID NO: 10) for influencing inflammations, for improving wound healing, for suppressing the immune system (in particular in organ transplants), for preventing metastasis of hematopoietic tumors and for treating arteriosclerosis. 
     The invention furthermore relates to a pharmaceutical comprising a cytohesin-2 peptide and a physiologically acceptable vehicle and, where appropriate, suitable additives and ancillary substances. 
     The invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of a cytohesin-PH peptide described above, which comprises: 
     (a) cultivating a host cell containing DNA encoding a cytohesin-PH peptide, and 
     (b) isolating the cytohesin-PH peptide. 
     Another aspect of the invention includes methods of regulating T-lymphocyte adhesion in a patient, comprising the step of administering to the patient an amount of a cytohesin-PH peptide. The cytohesin-PH peptide has an amino-acid sequence as shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO: 12), such as shown at positions 258 to 398 of FIG. 2 (residues 258 to 398 of SEQ ID NO:12). The method can be used to treat inflammation, improve wound healing, regulate the immune system (including suppression for organ transplant patients), treat hematopoietic tumors, and/or treat arteriosclerosis. 
     In accordance with still another aspect of the invention, there are provided methods of making a cytohesin-PH peptide for regulating T-lymphocyte adhesion, comprising the step of expressing a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions with the DNA shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO: 11). The method can employ the sequence set forth at FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO: 11), or portions thereof, such as the sequence set forth at positions 841 to 1263 of FIG. 2 (bases 841 to 1263 of SEQ ID NO: 12). 
     In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, there are provided a cytohesin-2 peptides having the amino-acid sequence shown in FIG. 1B (SEQ ID NO: 10). 
     In accordance with yet a further aspect of the invention, there are provided pharmaceutical compositions comprising a cytohesin-PH peptide and/or a cytohesin-2 peptide along with a physiologically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical preparations can further comprise suitable additives and ancillary substances. Additionally, the pharmaceutical composition can be composed of cytohesin-PH and/or cytohesin-2 peptides as the only ingredient(s) that affect integrin adhesion. 
     In accordance with still a further aspect of the present invention, there are provided polynucleotides encoding a cytohesin-PH peptide and/or a cytohesin-2 peptide. The polynucleotides can hybridize under stringent conditions with the DNA shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO:11). The polynucleotides encoding the cytohesin-PH peptide can comprise the sequence set forth at FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO: 11), or portions thereof, such as positions 841 to 1263 of FIG. 2 (bases 841 to 1263 of SEQ ID NO:11). 
     In accordance with still a further aspect of the present invention, there are provided assay kits comprising a cytohesin-PH peptide or as cytohesin-PH peptide. The assays kits can be used for drug screening, among other things. 
     In accordance with yet a further aspect of the present invention, there are provided methods of evaluating the effects of compounds, comprising the steps of contacting a compound with a cytohesin-PH peptide and determining the effects of the compound on the activity of cytohesin-PH. One type of assay would include cytohesin-PH or the test compound, wherein only one is bound to an insoluble matrix, such as SEPHAROSE. The other is labelled (radioactively, enzymatically, magnetically, or other appropriate labels), and a direct binding assay is conducted. This assay is capable of identifying compounds that bind to, and thus possibly block or inhibit, cytohesin-PH. Compounds that bind cytohesin-PH should then be tested with the cellular assays, described below. 
     Methods for evaluating the effects of compounds with cytohesin-PH also are provided. Such methods include cellular assays. A cellular assay could comprise the steps of: growing a test group and a control group cells that possess the ability to adhere to a substrate (such as a culture dish coated with ICAM-1-Rg or the like), wherein the test group is grown in the presence of a test compound and the control group is grown in the absence of a test compound; inducing the expression of cytohesin-PH in the test cells and the control cells; and comparing the extent of adhesion loss by the test group and the control group. In a valid test, the control group cells would lose adhesive capabilities. If the cells of the test group lose adhesive capabilities to a lower degree, the test compound interferes or blocks the anti-adhesive properties of cytohesin-PH. 
     The invention also includes the experimental steps which are explained by way of example are listed hereinafter: 
     1) Preparation of the CD18 cyt bait construct; 
     2) Preparation of the yeast expression bank; 
     3) Screening with the two-hybrid system; 
     4) Test of the binding specificity in yeast; 
     5) Preparation of the fusion constructs for testing the function of cytohesin-1 in vivo; 
     6) Function assay for cytohesin-1 and the subdomains 
     7) Preparation of the ICAM-Rg fusion protein; and 
     8) Cytohesin-PH domain-specific functional inhibition of β2 integrins. 
     The present invention encompasses biotechnology inventions, including biotechnological processes. 
     Still other aspects of the invention will be apparent to the skilled person in view of the teachings contained herein. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
     FIGS. 1A and B depict the cytohesin-PH peptide. FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of the cytohesin-PH peptide as in is found in cytohesin-1 (encoded by B2-1) and cytohesin-2 (encoded by cts18.1). FIG. 1B depicts and compares the amino acid sequences of cytohesin-1 (SEQ ID NO: 9) and cytohesin-2 (SEQ ID NO: 10). The amino acid upper sequence (SEQ ID NO: 9) is the cytohesin-1 amino acid sequence starting at residue 136, and the lower sequence (SEQ ID NO: 10) is the cytohesin-2 amino acid sequence starting at residue 1. Solid lines (|) indicate matches; single dots (.) indicate semiconservative changes; and double dots (:) indicate conservative changes. 
     FIGS. 2A-2Y depict both DNA stands of the cytohesin-1 cDNA (SEQ ID NO:11 with appropriate numbering) and the amino-acid sequence of the cytohesin-1 protein derived from the cDNA ( SEQ ID NO:12 also with appropriate numbering). The stop codon is shown by an asterisk. 
     FIGS. 3A-3I depict both DNA strands of the cytohesin-2 cDNA from cts 18.1 (SEQ ID NO: 13 with appropriate numbering) and the amino-acid sequence of the cytohesin-2 protein derived from the cDNA (SEQ ID NO:14 also with appropriate numbering). 
     FIGS. 4A-C concern the influence of full-length cytohesin-1, PH and SEC7 domain fusion proteins on the binding of J32 cells to ICAM-1-Rg. FIG. 4A schematically depicts ICAM-1-Rg, clg-cytohesin-1, clg-SEC7 and clg-PH. FIG. 4B depicts the expression of cytohesin-1 fusion protein in J32 cells (lane 1 is clg control, lane 2 is clg-cytohesin-l, lane 3 is clg-sec7, and lane 4 is cIg-PH). FIG. 4C depicts data from an adhesion assay of the above fusion proteins using unstimulated cells and OKT3 stimulated cells. 
     FIG. 5 depicts data from adhesion studies of the specificity of the cytohesin-1-PH domain. 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic map of the vector CDM7cIgpoly. 
     FIG. 7 depicts data from the binding of J32 cells to VCAM-1 using the constructs of EXAMPLE 6. The data show that the PH-domain does not interact with the β1-integrin. See EXAMPLE 9. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention satisfies the need to intervene in the physiological occurrence in all biological processes in which modulation of avidity is involved. More specifically, the avidity pertaining to the present invention concerns the adhesive properties of the integrins and the involvement of the integrins in disease states and other biological conditions, including abnormal conditions. Examples of the biological processes involving integrins include wound healing, development of organs, and the wide range of functions of the immune system. The present invention relates to polypeptides that interact directly and/or functionally with the cytoplasmic domain of the β2 subunit of the integrins (β2cyt) and the like. These polypeptides can be used in a variety of contexts, including treatment of hemostatic, inflammatory and cancerous conditions. 
     Polypeptides according to the invention were discovered by using the two hybrid system, also referred to as the interaction trap (Gyuris et al.,  Cell  75: 791-803 (1993); Fields and Sternglanz,  Trends in Genetics  10: 286-92 (1994). For this purpose, the entire cytoplasmic domain of the β2 integrin subunit (β2cyt) was fused, exactly as described in the literature (Kishimoto et al., Cell. 48: 681-690, 1987), to a lex A binding domain in order to act as “bait”. Because β2 integrins are expressed specifically in cells of hematopoietic origin, a yeast expression bank with the cDNA from Jurkat cells (obtained from T-cell tumors) was used for the screening. 
     The boundaries of the PH-domain has not been conclusively determined yet. Accordingly, fragments that are larger than 100 amino acids long (for example, about 140 residues, such as residues 258 to 398 of FIG. 2, residues 258 to 398 of SEQ ID NO: 12) can be employed in situations where the skilled person wants to reasonably ensure that the entire domain is present. FIG. 2 depicts both DNA strands of the cytohesin-1 cDNA (SEQ ID NO: 11), and identifies restriction sites. This DNA can be restricted by: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 ACC1 
                 ACI1 
                 AFL3 
                 AHA2 
                 ALU1 
                 ALW1 
                 ALWN1 
               
               
                 APA1 
                 APAL1 
                 APO1 
                 AVA1 
                 AVA2 
                 AVR2 
                 BAL1 
               
               
                 BAMH1 
                 BAN1 
                 BAN2 
                 BBS1 
                 BBV1 
                 BGL1 
                 BGL2 
               
               
                 BPM1 
                 BSA1 
                 BSAB1 
                 BSAW1 
                 BSG1 
                 BSIE1 
                 BSL1 
               
               
                 BSM1 
                 BSMA1 
                 BSMF1 
                 BSP12 
                 BSPM1 
                 BSPE1 
                 BSR1 
               
               
                 BSRB1 
                 BSRD1 
                 BSTN1 
                 BSTU1 
                 BSTY1 
                 CFR10 
                 DDE1 
               
               
                 DRA1 
                 DRA2 
                 DRA3 
                 DRD1 
                 EAE1 
                 EAM1 
                 EAR1 
               
               
                 ECO57 
                 ECOK 
                 ECON1 
                 ESP3 
                 FOK1 
                 FNU4H 
                 HAE2 
               
               
                 HAE3 
                 HGA1 
                 HGIA1 
                 HHA1 
                 HINC2 
                 HINF1 
                 HPA2 
               
               
                 HPH1 
                 MAE1 
                 MAE2 
                 MAE3 
                 MBO2 
                 MNL1 
                 MSE1 
               
               
                 MSL1 
                 NCI1 
                 NCO1 
                 NLA3 
                 NLA4 
                 NSI1 
                 NSPB2 
               
               
                 NSPH1 
                 PLE1 
                 PPUM1 
                 PST1 
                 PVU2 
                 SAC1 
                 SAC2 
               
               
                 SAP1 
                 SAU3A 
                 SAU96 
                 SCRF1 
                 SEC1 
                 SEXA1 
                 SFAN1 
               
               
                 SFC1 
                 SFI1 
                 SMA1 
                 SPH1 
                 SRF1 
                 SSE1 
                 STU1 
               
               
                 STY1 
                 TAQ1 
                 TFI1 
                 TSP5 
                 XBA1 
                 XCA1 
                 XCM1 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Enzymes that do not cut: 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AAT2 
                 AFL2 
                 AGE1 
                 ASC1 
                 ASE1 
                 BCG1 
                 BCL1 
               
               
                 BSAA1 
                 BSIW1 
                 BSPH1 
                 BSRG1 
                 BSSH2 
                 BSTB1 
                 BSTE2 
               
               
                 BSTX1 
                 BSU36 
                 CLA1 
                 EAG1 
                 ECO47 
                 ECO81 
                 ECOR1 
               
               
                 ECORV 
                 ESP1 
                 FSP1 
                 HIND3 
                 HPA1 
                 KPN1 
                 MLU1 
               
               
                 MUN1 
                 NAE1 
                 NAR1 
                 NDE1 
                 NHE1 
                 NOT1 
                 NRU1 
               
               
                 PAC1 
                 PFLM1 
                 PME1 
                 PML1 
                 PSP14 
                 PVU1 
                 RSA1 
               
               
                 RSR2 
                 SAL1 
                 SCA1 
                 SGRA1 
                 SNAB1 
                 SPE1 
                 SSP1 
               
               
                 SWA1 
                 TTH1 
                 XHO1 
                 XMN1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     A cDNA (cts 18.1) has now been identified and exhibits similarity with the previously known B2-1 cDNA (Liu and Pohajdak) which codes for the cytohesin-1 described above. The function of cytohesin-1 in nature remains undetermined. 
     DNA sequences also are part of the invention. For example, the invention pertains to DNA, and uses thereof, which hybridize under stringent conditions with the DNA shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO:11). Such DNAs include probes, which can be used to identify and/or isolate a gene or other nucleotide sequence. One type of DNA according to the invention would hybridize to the DNA of FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO: 11). A under highly stringent conditions. Such conditions include the use of 6×SSC or 6×SSPE, 0.5% SDS, 100 μg/ml denatured and fragmented salmon sperm DNA at 68° C. Other conditions, including those that create higher or lower stringency, also are within the invention. 
     The gene product of the cDNA cts 18.1 is referred to as cytohesin-2. See FIG. 3 (SEQ ID NO: 13). The DNA of FIG. 3 (SEQ ID NO: 13), can be cleaved by: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 AceIII 
                 AflIII 
                 ApoI 
                 AvaI 
                 BamHI 
                 BanII 
               
               
                 BbsI 
                 BglI 
                 BpmI 
                 Bpu10I 
                 BsaAI 
                 BsaWI 
               
               
                 BsbI 
                 BseRI 
                 BsgI 
                 BsiEI 
                 sp1286I 
                 BspMI 
               
               
                 BstYI 
                 Bsu3GI 
                 DraI 
                 DraIII 
                 DrdII 
                 DsaI 
               
               
                 EaeI 
                 EagI 
                 EciI 
                 Eco47III 
                 Eco57I 
                 EcoNI 
               
               
                 EcoO109I 
                 GdiII 
                 HaeI 
                 HaeII 
                 Hin4I 
                 MscI 
               
               
                 PmlI 
                 Psp5II 
                 RleAI 
                 RsrI1 
                 StuI 
                 StyI 
               
               
                 TaqII 
                 Tth111II 
                 VspI 
                 XhoI 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Enzymes that do not cut: 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AatII 
                 AccI 
                 AflII 
                 AhdI 
                 AlwNI 
                 ApaI 
               
               
                 ApaBI 
                 ApaLI 
                 AscI 
                 AvrII 
                 BaeI 
                 BanI 
               
               
                 Bce83I 
                 BcgI 
                 BcgJ 
                 BclI 
                 BglII 
                 BmgI 
               
               
                 Bpu1102I 
                 BsaI 
                 BsaBI 
                 BsaHI 
                 BsaXI 
               
               
                 BsiHKAI 
                 BsmI 
                 BsmBI 
                 Bsp24I 
                 Bsp24I 
                 BspEI 
               
               
                 BspGI 
                 BspLU11I 
                 BsrBI 
                 BsrDI 
                 BsrFI 
                 BsrGI 
               
               
                 BssHII 
                 BssSI 
                 Bst1107I 
                 BstEII 
                 BstXI 
                 ClaI 
               
               
                 DrdI 
                 EarI 
                 EcoRI 
                 EcoRV 
                 FseI 
                 FspI 
               
               
                 HgiEII 
                 HincII 
                 HindIII 
                 HpaI 
                 KpnI 
                 MluI 
               
               
                 MmeI 
                 MslI 
                 MspA1I 
                 MunI 
                 NarI 
                 NcoI 
               
               
                 NdeI 
                 NgoAIV 
                 NheI 
                 NotI 
                 NruI 
                 NsiI 
               
               
                 NspI 
                 NspV 
                 PacI 
                 Pfl1108I 
                 PflMI 
                 PinAI 
               
               
                 PmeI 
                 PshAI 
                 Psp1406I 
                 PstI 
                 PvuI 
                 PvuII 
               
               
                 RcaI 
                 SacI 
                 SacII 
                 SalI 
                 SanDI 
                 SapI 
               
               
                 ScaI 
                 SexAI 
                 SfcI 
                 SfiI 
                 SgfI 
                 SgrAI 
               
               
                 SmaI 
                 SnaBI 
                 SpeI 
                 SphI 
                 SrfI 
               
               
                 Sse8387I 
                 Sse8647I 
                 SspI 
                 SunI 
                 SwaI 
               
               
                 Tth111I 
                 XbaI 
                 XcmI 
                 XmnI 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Because of the similarity of cytohesin-1 and cytohesin-2 (88% identity, 9% conserved amino-acid exchanges), the two proteins may have a similar or identical function. Moreover, because of the similarity of cDNAs B2-1 and cts 18.1, hybridization of the two molecules is possible under stringent conditions by methods well known to the skilled worker. 
     It has now been found, surprisingly, that a peptide with the amino-acid sequence of the PH domain of cytohesin-1 or cytohesin-2, in particular cytohesin-1 as shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO:12), can be used to regulate T-lymphocyte activation. The peptide is referred to as “cytohesin-PH peptide.” 
     Also suitable for use pursuant to the present invention are fragments of the cytohesin-PH and cytohesin-2 peptides and variants of these peptides, such as analogs, homologs, derivatives, muteins and mimetics of the natural molecule, which retain the ability to effect the benefits described above. 
     Fragments of the peptides refers to portions of the amino acid sequence of the cytohesin-PH or cytohesin-2 polypeptide. These fragments can be generated directly from the peptides themselves by chemical cleavage, by proteolytic enzyme digestion, or by combinations thereof. Additionally, such fragments can be created by recombinant techniques employing genomic or cDNA cloning methods. Furthermore, methods of synthesizing polypeptides directly from amino acid residues also exist. 
     The variants (often referred to as analogs, homologues, derivatives, muteins and mimetics) of the cytohesin-PH and cytohesin-2 peptides can be produced by these and other methods. For example, amino acid substitutions can be undertaken in the peptides. 
     Amino acid residues can be categorized in terms of pH, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and other characteristics. Typically, substitutions are undertaken in a manner to take these characteristics into consideration, and thus amino acids with similar characteristics are employed in the substitutions. The more similar amino acids are to one another, the more “conservative” a substitution is deemed to be. For example, illustrative conservative amino acid substitutions include the changes of: alanine to serine; arginine to lysine; asparagine to glutamine or histidine; aspartate to glutamate; cysteine to serine; glutamine to asparagine; glutamate to aspartate; glycine to proline; histidine to asparagine or glutamine; isoleucine to leucine or valine; leucine to valine or isoleucine; lysine to arginine, glutamine, or glutamate; methionine to leucine or isoleucine; phenylalanine to tyrosine, leucine or methionine; serine to threonine; threonine to serine; tryptophan to tyrosine; tyrosine to tryptophan or phenylalanine; valine to isoleucine or leucine. Other substitutions also can be employed according to the invention. 
     Site-specific and region-directed mutagenesis techniques can be employed to effect changes in the peptides employed according to the invention. See CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY vol. 1, ch. 8 (Ausubel et al. eds., J. Wiley &amp; Sons 1989 &amp; Supp. 1990-93); PROTEIN ENGINEERING (Oxender &amp; Fox eds., A. Liss, Inc. 1987). In addition, linker-scanning and PCR-mediated techniques can be employed for mutagenesis. See PCR TECHNOLOGY (Erlich ed., Stockton Press 1989); CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vols. 1 &amp; 2, supra. 
     Non-peptide compounds that mimic the binding and function of a peptide (“mimetics”) also are contemplated within the invention, and can be produced by the approach outlined in Saragovi et al.,  Science  253: 792-95 (1991). Mimetics are peptide-containing molecules which mimic elements of protein secondary structure. See, for example, Johnson et al.,“Peptide Turn Mimetics” in BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACY, Pezzuto et al., Eds., (Chapman and Hall, New York, 1993). The underlying rationale behind the use of peptide mimetics is that the peptide backbone of proteins exists chiefly to orient amino acid side chains in such a way as to facilitate molecular interactions For the purposes of the present invention, appropriate mimetics can be considered to be the equivalent of the cytohesin peptides themselves. 
     Protein sequencing, structure and modeling approaches for use with any of the above techniques are disclosed in PROTEIN ENGINEERING, loc. cit. and CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vols. 1 &amp; 2, supra. 
     The cytohesin-PH peptide, or peptides containing a PH peptide (e.g., cytohesin-2, cytohesin-1 and the like), can be used to make pharmaceutical compositions that have beneficial effects. The pharmaceutical compositions can be used to treat a variety of disease states or other abnormalities where modifying or influencing the ability of the integrins to adhere will be useful. For example, the pharmaceutical compositions can be used to treat inflammation, hematopoietic tumors, and/or arteriosclerosis. The term “treat” in its various grammatical forms in relation to the present invention refers to preventing, curing, reversing, attenuating, alleviating, minimizing, suppressing or halting the deleterious effects of a disease state or progression. The pharmaceutical compositions are contemplated to be administered to “patients,” which typically are animal subjects, such as humans, who are in need or will be in need of the beneficial effects of the pharmaceutical compositions. 
     The pharmaceutical compositions also can be used to improve wound healing (another beneficial effect). Moreover, these compositions can be used to regulate the immune system (still another beneficial effect). The term “regulate” in its various grammatical forms in relation to the present invention refers to a modulation, alteration or change (increase or decrease) in the rate, manner and/or result of an activity of a biological system. For example, the pharmaceutical compositions can be used to suppress the immune system of organ transplant patients to prevent rejection. The suppression would be a type of regulation of the immune system. 
     The pharmaceutical compositions can be used, for example, in the form of pharmaceutical products which can be administered orally, for example, in the form of tablets, coated tablets, hard or soft gelatin capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions. These compositions also can be administered rectally, for example, in the form of suppositories, or parenterally, for example, in the form of injection solutions. To produce pharmaceutical products, these compounds can be processed in therapeutically inert organic and inorganic vehicles. Examples of such vehicles for tablets, coated tablets and hard gelatin capsules are lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc and stearic acid or salts thereof. Suitable vehicles for producing solutions are water, polyols, sucrose, invert sugar and glucose. Vehicles suitable for injection solutions are water, alcohols, polyols, glycerol and vegetable oils. Vehicles suitable for suppositories are vegetable and hardened oils, waxes, fats and semiliquid polyols. The pharmaceutical products may also contain preservatives, solvents, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorings, salts to alter the osmotic pressure, buffers, coating agents, antioxidants and, where appropriate, other therapeutic active substances. Other suitable carriers and/or ingredients are disclosed in REMINGTON&#39;S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 15th Ed. Easton: Mack Publishing Co. (1975); THE NATIONAL FORMULARY XIV., 14th Ed. Washington: American Pharmaceutical Association (1975); GOODMAN AND GILMAN&#39;S THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THERAPEUTICS (7th ed.). 
     Oral administration and injections are suitable administration routes. For injection, the cytohesin-PH peptides are formulated in a liquid solution, including physiologically acceptable buffers such as Hank&#39;s solution or Ringer&#39;s solution. The cytohesin-PH peptides may, however, also be formulated in solid form and be dissolved or suspended before use. 
     Dosages for systematic administration include about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg of body weight per day. Other dosaging and administration regimens will become apparent the person of skill in the art in view of the disclosure contained herein. Disease conditions and symptoms that would prompt administration of cytohesin-PH polypeptide(s) are apparent to the person of skill in the art in view of the teachings contained herein. 
     The invention is further described by the following examples, which do not limit the invention in any manner. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Preparation of the CD18 cyt Bait Construct 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 (SEQ ID NO:1) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 cgc ggg acg cgt gct ctg atc 
                 (CD18 cyt for) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cac ctg agc 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 (SEQ ID NO:2) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 cgc ggg gcg gcc gct tta act 
                 (CD18 cyt rev) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctc agc aaa ctt ggg 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     were used to amplify the cytoplasmic domain of CD18 from the full-length version of a cDNA clone of CD18 (Brian Seed, communication, corresponds to the sequence CD18 in Kishimoto et al.,  Cell  48, 681-690 (1987)) by PCR. The PCR DNA was digested with the restriction enzymes MluI and NotI, and the product was inserted into the vector pLex202 (Gyuris et al.,  Cell  75: 791-803 (1993)), which had been prepared by conventional methods of molecular biology. The sequence identity was verified by double-stranded sequencing. The resulting construct was called lex 202-cd18. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Preparation of the Yeast Expression Bank 
     Poly-A RNA was purified as described by Ausubel et al., CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1987, from Jurkat E6 cells (ATCC TIB-152) and subjected to reverse transcription in vitro. The double-stranded cDNA was provided with EcoRI adapters, digested with XhoI and ligated into the vector pJG4-5 which had been EcoRI-XhoI digested. The bacterial strain MC1061 was then transformed with ligation mixture. Both the vector pJG4-5 and the bacterial strain MC1061 are disclosed in Gyuris et al. (1993). Initial amplification of the library produced 4×10 6  recombinant clones. The bacterial cells were then lysed, and the double-stranded plasmid DNA was prepared as library stock (Ausubel et al., 1987). 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Screening with the Two-hybrid System 
     The lex202-cd18 construct from EXAMPLE 1 was transformed by LiCl transformation (Ausubel et al., 1987) into the yeast strain EG048JK103 (Gyuris et al., 1993). The strain EG048JK103CD18 produced in this way was made competent for the library transformation via the LiCl method. Fifty micrograms of the library were transformed into these competent cells, which finally resulted in about 900,000 independent recombinant yeast clones on URA-HIS-TRP media. Aliquots of this yeast library (20×10 6  cells) were plated out on URA(−)HIS(−)TRP(−)LEU(−)XGAL indicator plates, and positive clones (blue) were selected. Then plasmid DNA was prepared from the yeast cells (Ausubel et al., 1987) and subjected to double-stranded sequencing. This manipulation resulted in cDNA pJG4-5cts18.1, abbreviated to cts18.1., which is 97% homologous at the protein level with hsec7hom (Accession #:Genbank M85169), hsec7hom is called “cytohesin-1.” The cDNA for cytohesin-1 can be referred to as B2-1 cDNA (Liu and Pohajdak, 1992). The product of cts18.1 is called cytohesin-2 (see FIG. 1B (SEQ ID NO: 10)). 
     A Jurkat cDNA library containing 4×10 6  clones was produced using the yeast expression vector pJG4-5. An aliquot of the library was used to transform a yeast which had previously been transformed with a LexA-CD18 fusion protein expression plasmid. The resulting 8×10 5  primary colonies were tested for interaction with the cytoplasmic domain of CD18. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Mapping of Cytohesin Interaction Domains 
     The cytohesin interaction domain with respect to CD18 cyt was mapped in yeast. The sequence cts18.1 and 2 PCR fragments which contained the SEC7 and PH domains of cytohesin-1 were cloned into the yeast expression vector PJG4-5. The constructs were introduced into yeast cells which had been plated on a media containing X-GAL, which is a color indicator. A blue color indicates an interaction between the fusion proteins. X-Gal as an indicator. 
     It was found that the SEC7 domain reproducibly interacted with CD18, whereas no interaction of CD18 could be detected with the PH-domain. The results are set forth in Table 1 below. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Constructs 
                 CD 18 cyt 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 (a) 
                 vector PJG 4-5 alone 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                   
                 (a negative control) 
               
               
                   
                 (b) 
                 PJG 4-5 (cts 18.1 
                 light blue 
               
               
                   
                 (c) 
                 PJG 4-5 (cytohesin-1 PH domain) 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                 (d) 
                 PJG 4-5 (cytohesin-1 SEC 7 domain) 
                 blue 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Because the PH domain dramatically interferes with β2-integrin function but does not bind to CD18 in yeast, as shown in Table 1 above, this domain appears to couple elements of the “inside-out” signaling pathways of the integrins. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Test of the Binding Specificity in Yeast 
     pJG4-5cts18.1 was transformed into yeast EG048JK103 (see EXAMPLE 3) and the strain EG048JK103cts18.1 resulting therefrom was made competent for the test of binding specificity (Ausubel et al., 1987). These competent yeast cells were transformed with various lex202 constructs which had been prepared in an analogous manner to the CD18 bait construct (lex202-CD 29b, -CD2, -CD4, -CD8, IdIreceptor, -HIV-rev, -HIV-tat, -fyn, -syk, -ZAP-70). The yeast cells were plated out on URA(−), HIS (−), TRP(−) media, and positive clones were tested on URA(−)HIS(−)TRP (−)LEU(−)XGAL indicator media. The test criterion used was the blue coloration of the yeast cells. 
     The constructs were introduced into yeast cells which had been plated out on medium containing X-GAL. The interaction thus became visible due to the “color phenotype” of the corresponding yeasts. A blue color indicates an interaction between the fusion proteins. 
     The results are summarized in Table 2 below. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 pJG4-5 derivatives 
               
               
                   
                 plex202 derivatives 
                 cytohesin1-SEC7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 lex-CD18cyt 
                 blue 
               
               
                   
                 lex-CD29cyt 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                 lex-CD2cyt 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                 lex-CD4cyt 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                 lex-CD8cyt 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                 lex-ldlrcyt 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                 lex-rev 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                 lex-tat 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                 lex-fyn 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                 lex-syk 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                 lex-ZAP70 
                 white 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Table 2 depicts the specificity of the interaction between CD18 cyt and cts 18.1. The clone cts 18.1 was transformed into yeast cells which already contained an expression construct encoding the β 2  cytoplasmic domain, or several other transmembrane cytoplasmic domains (-cyt), including the β 1  integrin cytoplasmic domain (CD29 cyt), and some control proteins. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     Preparation of the Fusion Constructs to Test the Function of Cytohesin-1 In vivo 
     Cytohesin-1 was amplified with the aid of the primers from a natural killer cell library, cloned via the restriction cleavage sites MluI and NotI into the vector pCDM7cIgpoly (see FIG. 6) and sequenced. 
     Primers 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 (SEQ ID NO:3) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 cgc ggg acg cgt atg gag 
                  (hsec7hom mlu) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gag gac gac agc tac gtt ccc 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 (SEQ ID NO:4) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 cgc ggg gcg gcc gct tta gtg 
                 (hsec7hom not rev) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcg ctt cgt gga gga gac ctt 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The sequences which encode the PH and SEC7 subdomains were PCR-amplified from the cytohesin-1 sequence, and inserted into pCDM7cIgpoly, in an analogous manner. 
     Primers 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 gcg ggg acg cgt acc atg gct 
                 (sec7 mlu nco for) 
                 (SEQ ID NO:6) 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aat qaa att qaa aac ctg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcg ggg gcg gcc gct tta gaa 
                 (sec7 not rev) 
                 (SEQ ID NO:6) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agt gtg agt gag gtc att ccc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgc ggg acg cgt acc atg ggt 
                 (ph mlu ncofor) 
                 (SEQ ID NO:7) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttc aat cca gac cga gaa ggc tgg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgc ggg gcg gcc gct tta gtg 
                 (hsec7hom not rev) 
                 (SEQ ID NO:8) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcg ctt cgt gga gga gac ctt 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The construct for expression of ICAM-1 Rg was prepared in an analogous manner except that, in this case, the expression cassette is used to express a secreted immunoglobulin fusion construct. Preparation of the secreted Ig cassette is described in Walz et al.  Science  250: 1132-35 (1990). 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Function Assay of Cytohesin-1 and the Subdomains 
     The cDNA segments which code for cytohesin-1 and the particular subdomains were inserted together with the clg cassette into the vaccinia expression vector ptkg. Kolanus et al.,  Cell  74: 171-83 (1993). These vectors were transfected into CV-1-(ATCC70-CCL) cells which had been infected with wild-type vaccinia virus (WR). Recombinant viruses were obtained by gpt selection and amplified on CV-1 cells. For each of the values in the experiments, 5×10 6  Jurkat J32 (Tadmorei et al.,  J. Immunol.  136(4), 1155-60 (1986)) cells were infected with 100 μl of virus stock, in each case, whose titer had been at least 5×10 7  pfu/ml, and subsequently incubated in RPMI/10% FCS for 4 hours. The cells were then spun down and incubated in the presence or absence of a concentration of 3 mg/ml OKT3 antibody (purified from hybridoma supernatants, origin of the hybridoma: ATCC CRL-8001) at room temperature for 5 minutes. The suspension was pipetted into cell culture dishes (Falcon® 1008) coated with ICAM-1-Rg and incubated for a further 10 minutes. After washing with medium three times, the bound cells were fixed and counted under the microscope. 
     FIG. 4A is a diagrammatic depiction of the constructs used in the experiment. FIG. 4B is a depiction of expression of cytohesin-1 fusion protein in J32 cells. The cDNA segments coding for full-length cytohesin-1, SEC7- and PH domain sequences were cloned into a vaccinia virus expression vector which contained an expression cassette for intracellular Ig fusion protein expression. The constructs were recombined with wild-type vaccinia virus (WR) in CV-1 cells. Recombinant plaques were isolated and high-titer virus stock solutions were produced. 5×10 6  Jurkat J32 cells were infected therewith and incubated in RPMI medium (10% fetal bovine serum, Moore et al.,  JAMA  199: 519-24 (1967) for 4 hours). The cells were then lysed in 150 mM NaCl, 100 mM Tris Cl pH 7.5, 1% Triton-X-100, 1 mM PMSF, and the fusion proteins were bound by protein A-Sepharose® beads. Aliquots of the eluted proteins were fractionated by polyacrylamide electrophoresis and blotted onto nitrocellulose. 
     The fusion proteins were conjugated by incubating the filters with protein-A-peroxidase and visualized by subsequent treatment with a chemiluminescent substrate by an appropriate assay (chemiluminescence kit from Amersham: ECL-Kit, RPN-2106). 
     FIG. 4C depicts data from an adhesion assay. ICAM-1-Rg fusion protein was expressed in COS cells and isolated from the culture supernatant with protein A-Sepharose®, then eluted and resuspended in PBS (phosphate-buffered saline). The ICAM-1-Rg was then used to coat Falcon® 1008 plastic dishes as described by Rawlings et al., Science 261: 358-361, 1993. Jurkat 32 cells were then infected with recombinant vaccinia virus as described for FIG.  4 B. Aliquots of these cells were then permeabilized using methods known to the skilled person and stained with an anti-IgG-FITC-conjugate (goat anti-human-fluorescein isothiocyanate; manufacturer: Jackson Labs; marketed by DIANOVA, Hamburg, Code: 109-095-088). Expression was observed by a cytometric flow analysis (apparatus: Coulter Epics XL); normally, more than 30% of the cells were positive. 2×106 cells were incubated in RPMI medium at 25° C. with or without addition of 3 μg/ml OKT3 antibody for 5 minutes. A comparative test with a control antibody (mIgG2b) showed no effect (data not shown). The cells treated in this way were then applied to plastic dishes coated with ICAM-1-Rg (25° C., 5 minutes), and the bound portion of the cells was determined using a microscope. The representative result of an experiment from a total of 8 independent experiments is shown. 
     In the study of FIG. 5, cDNA fragments which code for the PH domains of βark (Benovic et al.,  FEBS Lett.  283; 122-126, (1991;) Nucleotides 1763-2075) and VAV protein (Katzav et al.,  EMBO J.  8: 2283-2290 (1989); Nucleotides 1152-1484) were introduced into the vaccinia virus expression system described. The influence of the expression of the corresponding PH domains on the binding of J32 cells to ICAM-1-Rg was tested as described for the assays of FIG.  4 C. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     Preparation of the ICAM-Rg Fusion Protein 
     ICAM-1-Rg cDNA was expressed in cosM6 cells by DEAE-dextran transfection for 10 days (Walz et al. (1990), cosM6: subclone of cos7; origin cos7: ATCC CRL-1651; cosM6 selected for good transfectability). The supernatants were then harvested and purified using protein A-Sepharose® (Sigma). The bound protein was eluted with 4M imidazole solution and, after dialysis against PBS buffer, stored in a concentration of about 0.2 μg/ml. 
     Falcon® 1008 dishes were coated with a sheep anti-human antibody preparation, onto which ICAM-1-Rg was then bound in a second step (Walz, 1990). These dishes were used to determine the cytohesin function as described in EXAMPLE 7. 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     Cytohesin-PH Domain-specific Functional Inhibition of β2 Integrins 
     The cytohesin-PH domain specifically inhibits the function of beta-2 integrins. The binding of beta-1 integrin to its ligands VCAM-1 (Osborn et al.,  Cell  59: 1203-1211 (1989)) is unaffected by cytohesin-PH. The VCAM-1-Rg fusion protein used for the adhesion assay is constructed on the same pattern as ICAM-1-Rg. The description of the assay is identical to that in EXAMPLE 8. The cytohesin constructs are expressed as described in EXAMPLE 7. FIG. 7 shows that J32 cells bind constitutively to VCAM-1 via beta-1 integrins. Cytohesin fusion proteins of FIG. 4C show no effect on binding. Accordingly, the cytohesin-PH peptide is specific for β integrins. 
     It is to be understood that the description, specific examples and data, while indicating preferred embodiments, are given by way of illustration and exemplification and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications within the present invention will become apparent to the skilled artisan from the discussion and disclosure contained herein. 
     The priority application, DE 19534120.1, which was filed on Sep. 14, 1995, including its specification, claims, abstract and figures, is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
       
         
           
             14 
           
           
             
               30 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
              1
CGCGGGACGC GTGCTCTGAT CCACCTGAGC                                      30
 
           
           
             
               36 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
              2
CGCGGGGCGG CCGCTTTAAC TCTCAGCAAA CTTGGG                               36
 
           
           
             
               39 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
              3
CGCGGGACGC GTATGGAGGA GGACGACAGC TACGTTCCC                            39
 
           
           
             
               42 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
              4
CGCGGGGCGG CCGCTTTAGT GTCGCTTCGT GGAGGAGACC TT                        42
 
           
           
             
               39 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
              5
GCGGGGACGC GTACCATGGC TAATGAAATT GAAAACCTG                            39
 
           
           
             
               42 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
              6
GCGGGGGCGG CCGCTTTAGA AAGTGTGAGT GAGGTCATTC CC                        42
 
           
           
             
               45 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
              7
CGCGGGACGC GTACCATGGG TTTCAATCCA GACCGAGAAG GCTGG                     45
 
           
           
             
               42 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
              8
CGCGGGGCGG CCGCTTTAGT GTCGCTTCGT GGAGGAGACC TT                        42
 
           
           
             
               263 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
              9
Phe Thr Asp Leu Asn Leu Val Gln Ala Leu Arg Gln Phe Leu Trp Ser
1               5                   10                  15
Phe Arg Leu Pro Gly Glu Ala Gln Lys Ile Asp Arg Met Met Glu Ala
            20                  25                  30
Phe Ala Gln Arg Tyr Cys Gln Cys Asn Asn Gly Val Phe Gln Ser Thr
        35                  40                  45
Asp Thr Cys Tyr Val Leu Ser Phe Ala Ile Ile Met Leu Asn Thr Ser
    50                  55                  60
Leu His Asn Pro Asn Val Lys Asp Lys Pro Thr Val Glu Arg Phe Ile
65                  70                  75                  80
Ala Met Asn Arg Gly Ile Asn Asp Gly Gly Asp Leu Pro Glu Glu Leu
                85                  90                  95
Leu Arg Asn Leu Tyr Glu Ser Ile Lys Asn Glu Pro Phe Lys Ile Pro
            100                 105                 110
Glu Asp Asp Gly Asn Asp Leu Thr His Thr Phe Phe Asn Pro Asp Arg
        115                 120                 125
Glu Gly Trp Leu Leu Lys Leu Gly Gly Gly Arg Val Lys Thr Trp Lys
    130                 135                 140
Arg Arg Trp Phe Ile Leu Thr Asp Asn Cys Leu Tyr Tyr Phe Glu Tyr
145                 150                 155                 160
Thr Thr Asp Lys Glu Pro Arg Gly Ile Ile Pro Leu Glu Asn Leu Ser
                165                 170                 175
Ile Arg Glu Val Glu Asp Ser Lys Lys Pro Asn Cys Phe Glu Leu Tyr
            180                 185                 190
Ile Pro Asp Asn Lys Asp Gln Val Ile Lys Ala Cys Lys Thr Glu Ala
        195                 200                 205
Asp Gly Arg Val Val Glu Gly Asn His Thr Val Tyr Arg Ile Ser Ala
    210                 215                 220
Pro Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Glu Glu Trp Ile Lys Cys Ile Lys Ala Ala
225                 230                 235                 240
Ile Ser Arg Asp Pro Phe Tyr Glu Met Leu Ala Ala Arg Lys Lys Lys
                245                 250                 255
Val Ser Ser Thr Lys Arg His
            260
 
           
           
             
               263 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
              10
Phe Thr Asp Leu Asn Leu Val Gln Ala Leu Arg Gln Phe Leu Trp Ser
1               5                   10                  15
Phe Arg Leu Pro Gly Glu Ala Gln Lys Ile Asp Arg Met Met Glu Ala
            20                  25                  30
Phe Ala Gln Arg Tyr Cys Leu Cys Asn Pro Gly Val Phe Gln Ser Thr
        35                  40                  45
Asp Thr Cys Tyr Val Leu Ser Phe Ala Val Ile Met Leu Asn Thr Ser
    50                  55                  60
Leu His Asn Pro Asn Val Arg Asp Lys Pro Gly Leu Glu Arg Phe Val
65                  70                  75                  80
Ala Met Asn Arg Gly Ile Asn Glu Gly Gly Asp Leu Pro Glu Glu Leu
                85                  90                  95
Leu Arg Asn Leu Tyr Asp Ser Ile Arg Asn Glu Pro Phe Lys Ile Pro
            100                 105                 110
Glu Asp Asp Gly Asn Asp Leu Thr His Thr Phe Phe Asn Pro Asp Arg
        115                 120                 125
Glu Gly Trp Leu Leu Lys Leu Gly Gly Gly Arg Val Lys Thr Trp Lys
    130                 135                 140
Arg Arg Trp Phe Ile Leu Thr Asp Asn Cys Leu Tyr Tyr Phe Glu Tyr
145                 150                 155                 160
Thr Thr Asp Lys Glu Pro Arg Gly Ile Ile Pro Leu Glu Asn Leu Ser
                165                 170                 175
Ile Arg Glu Val Asp Asp Pro Arg Lys Pro Asn Cys Phe Glu Leu Tyr
            180                 185                 190
Ile Pro Asn Asn Lys Gly Gln Leu Ile Lys Ala Cys Lys Thr Glu Ala
        195                 200                 205
Asp Gly Arg Val Val Glu Gly Asn His Met Val Tyr Arg Ile Ser Ala
    210                 215                 220
Pro Thr Gln Glu Glu Lys Asp Glu Trp Ile Lys Ser Ile Gln Ala Ala
225                 230                 235                 240
Val Ser Val Asp Pro Phe Tyr Glu Met Leu Ala Ala Arg Lys Lys Arg
                245                 250                 255
Ile Ser Val Lys Lys Lys Gln
            260
 
           
           
             
               3311 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               double 
               linear 
             
             
               CDS 
                70..1263
 
             
             
               mat_peptide 
                70..1263
 
             
              11
GCGAGCGGGG GCGCGGGTGG CGCGGCGGGA CGCGAGCGGC GAGCCGGAGC GCGAGCCCGC     60
TCCCGCACC ATG GAG GAG GAC GAC AGC TAC GTT CCC AGT GAC CTG ACA        108
          Met Glu Glu Asp Asp Ser Tyr Val Pro Ser Asp Leu Thr
            1               5                  10
GCA GAG GAG CGT CAA GAA CTG GAG AAC ATC CGA CGG AGA AAA CAG GAG      156
Ala Glu Glu Arg Gln Glu Leu Glu Asn Ile Arg Arg Arg Lys Gln Glu
     15                  20                  25
CTG CTG GCT GAC ATT CAG AGG CTG AAG GAT GAG ATA GCA GAA GTA GCT      204
Leu Leu Ala Asp Ile Gln Arg Leu Lys Asp Glu Ile Ala Glu Val Ala
 30                  35                  40                  45
AAT GAA ATT GAA AAC CTG GGA TCC ACA GAG GAA AGG AAA AAC ATG CAG      252
Asn Glu Ile Glu Asn Leu Gly Ser Thr Glu Glu Arg Lys Asn Met Gln
                 50                  55                  60
AGG AAC AAA CAG GTA GCC ATG GGC AGG AAA AAA TTT AAT ATG GAC CCT      300
Arg Asn Lys Gln Val Ala Met Gly Arg Lys Lys Phe Asn Met Asp Pro
             65                  70                  75
AAA AAG GGG ATC CAG TTC TTA ATA GAG AAC GAC CTC CTG AAG AAC ACT      348
Lys Lys Gly Ile Gln Phe Leu Ile Glu Asn Asp Leu Leu Lys Asn Thr
         80                  85                  90
TGT GAA GAC ATT GCC CAG TTC TTA TAT AAA GGC GAA GGG CTC AAC AAG      396
Cys Glu Asp Ile Ala Gln Phe Leu Tyr Lys Gly Glu Gly Leu Asn Lys
     95                 100                 105
ACA GCC ATC GGC GAC TAC CTA GGG GAG AGA GAT GAG TTT AAT ATC CAG      444
Thr Ala Ile Gly Asp Tyr Leu Gly Glu Arg Asp Glu Phe Asn Ile Gln
110                 115                 120                 125
GTT CTT CAT GCA TTT GTG GAG CTG CAT GAG TTC ACT GAT CTT AAT CTC      492
Val Leu His Ala Phe Val Glu Leu His Glu Phe Thr Asp Leu Asn Leu
                130                 135                 140
GTC CAG GCA CTA CGG CAG TTC CTG TGG AGC TTC CGG CTA CCC GGA GAG      540
Val Gln Ala Leu Arg Gln Phe Leu Trp Ser Phe Arg Leu Pro Gly Glu
            145                 150                 155
GCC CAG AAG ATC GAC CGG ATG ATG GAG GCG TTT GCC CAG CGA TAT TGT      588
Ala Gln Lys Ile Asp Arg Met Met Glu Ala Phe Ala Gln Arg Tyr Cys
        160                 165                 170
CAG TGC AAT AAT GGC GTG TTC CAG TCC ACG GAT ACT TGT TAC GTC CTC      636
Gln Cys Asn Asn Gly Val Phe Gln Ser Thr Asp Thr Cys Tyr Val Leu
    175                 180                 185
TCC TTT GCC ATC ATC ATG TTG AAC ACC AGT CTG CAC AAC CCC AAT GTC      684
Ser Phe Ala Ile Ile Met Leu Asn Thr Ser Leu His Asn Pro Asn Val
190                 195                 200                 205
AAA GAT AAG CCC ACT GTG GAG AGG TTC ATT GCC ATG AAC CGA GGC ATC      732
Lys Asp Lys Pro Thr Val Glu Arg Phe Ile Ala Met Asn Arg Gly Ile
                210                 215                 220
AAT GAT GGG GGA GAC CTG CCG GAG GAG CTC CTC CGG AAT CTC TAT GAG      780
Asn Asp Gly Gly Asp Leu Pro Glu Glu Leu Leu Arg Asn Leu Tyr Glu
            225                 230                 235
AGC ATA AAA AAT GAA CCC TTT AAA ATC CCA GAA GAC GAC GGG AAT GAC      828
Ser Ile Lys Asn Glu Pro Phe Lys Ile Pro Glu Asp Asp Gly Asn Asp
        240                 245                 250
CTC ACT CAC ACT TTC TTC AAT CCA GAC CGA GAA GGC TGG CTA TTG AAA      876
Leu Thr His Thr Phe Phe Asn Pro Asp Arg Glu Gly Trp Leu Leu Lys
    255                 260                 265
CTC GGA GGT GGC AGG GTA AAG ACT TGG AAG AGA CGC TGG TTC ATT CTG      924
Leu Gly Gly Gly Arg Val Lys Thr Trp Lys Arg Arg Trp Phe Ile Leu
270                 275                 280                 285
ACT GAC AAC TGC CTT TAC TAC TTT GAG TAT ACC ACG GAT AAG GAG CCC      972
Thr Asp Asn Cys Leu Tyr Tyr Phe Glu Tyr Thr Thr Asp Lys Glu Pro
                290                 295                 300
CGT GGA ATC ATC CCT TTA GAG AAT CTG AGT ATC CGG GAA GTG GAG GAC     1020
Arg Gly Ile Ile Pro Leu Glu Asn Leu Ser Ile Arg Glu Val Glu Asp
            305                 310                 315
TCC AAA AAA CCA AAC TGC TTT GAG CTT TAT ATC CCC GAC AAT AAA GAC     1068
Ser Lys Lys Pro Asn Cys Phe Glu Leu Tyr Ile Pro Asp Asn Lys Asp
        320                 325                 330
CAA GTT ATC AAG GCC TGC AAG ACC GAG GCT GAC GGG CGG GTG GTG GAG     1116
Gln Val Ile Lys Ala Cys Lys Thr Glu Ala Asp Gly Arg Val Val Glu
    335                 340                 345
GGG AAC CAC ACT GTT TAC CGG ATC TCA GCT CCG ACG CCC GAG GAG AAG     1164
Gly Asn His Thr Val Tyr Arg Ile Ser Ala Pro Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys
350                 355                 360                 365
GAG GAG TGG ATT AAG TGC ATT AAA GCA GCC ATC AGC AGG GAC CCT TTC     1212
Glu Glu Trp Ile Lys Cys Ile Lys Ala Ala Ile Ser Arg Asp Pro Phe
                370                 375                 380
TAC GAA ATG CTC GCA GCA CGG AAA AAG AAG GTC TCC TCC ACG AAG CGA     1260
Tyr Glu Met Leu Ala Ala Arg Lys Lys Lys Val Ser Ser Thr Lys Arg
            385                 390                 395
CAC TGAGCGTGCA GCCAAGGGCG TTGGTCTGCG GGGGCCTTGG AGCTCCTGCT          1313
His
CTTCTCCCGC ACCTCCATGG ATGCACTGCT GCCGAGCAGA GCGTCCTCTG CCAGGCCCCG   1373
CCCTGGATTC CTAGAGACTA GCTTCAGCTT TTGCTATTTT TTTTAAGTGG GAGAAGGGTG   1433
GGCAGTTATC ACTGGGGAAG AGAGGACCGG CCACCTGTCC AGCATGGGCT CCAGAGCCTT   1493
CCTCTCTCAC AGGGCAGAGC TCTTGTCGGC AGGGCAGCCT CCTGGCCAGT TTCTCTGCTC   1553
AGTGTTCTGG TAGCAGAGCT CAGAGCCAAC TGTTTACCTC TTGGTTGTCC CCGTGAAGAA   1613
GCCTTCAAAC CCTGCACCAT AAATACATGT GTCCATATAT TATTATATGT TAAGAGAAAA   1673
AGGTGGAAAG GAAGAGAAGC CACATACTAT AAAGATCTAT TTTTTTTTTT TAAGAGAGAA   1733
CGTAGGGCTG TTCAGGTGCA TTCTGCCCTG GCTGCGCTGG GGAGCTTCTC CCTGGAGAAG   1793
AGCACCTGGG GCTGCGGCCA AGGGGCATCA GCCTGGGCCC GCGGCAGGGC CTGGCCTGCC   1853
TCTCCTGTGC TGTGGGAGCT CGCTGCCTGG TGCTTGTCTT GGCGAGATGG ACAGGTGAGG   1913
TCGAGGACGC AGAGGGCAGA GGCCCAGTGG AGCCTCAGAC GGCACAGTCA GAGTCGGGGG   1973
CCTGCCTGGC CGGGGTCGCA GTCGGCAGCA GCGTGCAGTC CGGCATCTCC CGCGGATGCT   2033
TTTCCATCCC AAGTGCCTGC GGAGCCCGAG GAGAGGAGAG AGCTGACTGG ACGCTTACGT   2093
TATTTTCCTC CTTCAGAATC CAAGTTCTTG TTGGGCTTTA AAGTAGAAAG TCAGCATTTT   2153
CCTTGAGCTA AATACCTAAT AACCAAAACT GTGAGGAAGG TTATCGGGAC AGAGGTTCCG   2213
GATAACCTGT TTCATTTTGG GTTTTCTTCC TCTTCCCCAG ACTCCAGTCC TCGTTCTAGA   2273
GGAAGGAGTA GGACTTCCCC GATCCCCGTA GCTTCAGCTT TTTCTGCCTC AAAACCAGCC   2333
CTAACTGGAC TACTCTGGAT GCATTTTGTG GTGGGCCCCC TAGAGGGAAG ATGGGCCTTT   2393
ATCTGCTCCG TGGGGTGCAC TGGAGTGAGG GGGGTGGCCG GGCTGCCTCT CGCATCTCTG   2453
TCTTCCCCTG CAGGCGCTGT GTGAGCTGGC CCTGCCCCTC CTCATTACAG TATGAAGGGA   2513
GCCGTGACAC GCAGCATTTT CCTGCCGTTC TCTCAGGGAC TCTCAGGGCA GCTCCTGCCA   2573
CTCCGCCAGG GCCAGCATGC CAGTCCAGGC AGAGCAGGTG GCTGGCTGTC TGGCCGTCTC   2633
GCCCCGCCCC TCCACAGGAC CCTGGACCAG GGCGGTGCAG GGCGCAGCCC CGAGGAGGCA   2693
GGTGGAGGAG CTGCGGGTTT TCACAGGGCC GCGTCGCCAC GGCTCCTCTG ATCCTTTAGG   2753
GTTGGCGAGC ATCTCTGGAA ATAGCTTTTG CAGAGGAGTG GTGGGAGGAA TAGAGGGGGA   2813
CAGTCTGTCA CCTCCCTCCC CGCCACTTTG TGTAGATCCT ACCTGGAGGG AATGGCTTTA   2873
GGCACTTTTG TGCCAGAGCT TGTGAGGGTG ACAGAAGAGG GTCCAGGCTG GAAACCTGAA   2933
CTTTCTGGGT GGGAGAACCA GGTGGTGCCT GCCGAGGTCT GGGCGTGTTT GGGCCGGTGC   2993
TGGAGCCTGT CCAGCTGGCC CGGGCCCTGG CCTGGTTCTC AAGTGTTTCC TAGACAGAGA   3053
GGCACCTGGG TCAGTATTAG TCTATTTATC AGAGGTGTAA ATAATCTATG TATAGTTTTT   3113
CTCCTTTTAG ATTATTTTGT ATTTGTTTAA AAGAAGTTTT GTCAAAATAC AAAAATATAA   3173
AGAAATGACT GAAAGTTGTT GACAGGGTTT TTAAGAAATA ATTATTCTAA TTGTTTTTGT   3233
TTGTTTGTTT TTGCCTTGTA AACTAGCGCC AAGGAACTGC AGCAAATAAA CTCCAACTCT   3293
GCCCAAGCAA AAAAAAAA                                                 3311
 
           
           
             
               398 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               linear 
             
             
               protein 
             
              12
Met Glu Glu Asp Asp Ser Tyr Val Pro Ser Asp Leu Thr Ala Glu Glu
  1               5                  10                  15
Arg Gln Glu Leu Glu Asn Ile Arg Arg Arg Lys Gln Glu Leu Leu Ala
             20                  25                  30
Asp Ile Gln Arg Leu Lys Asp Glu Ile Ala Glu Val Ala Asn Glu Ile
         35                  40                  45
Glu Asn Leu Gly Ser Thr Glu Glu Arg Lys Asn Met Gln Arg Asn Lys
     50                  55                  60
Gln Val Ala Met Gly Arg Lys Lys Phe Asn Met Asp Pro Lys Lys Gly
 65                  70                  75                  80
Ile Gln Phe Leu Ile Glu Asn Asp Leu Leu Lys Asn Thr Cys Glu Asp
                 85                  90                  95
Ile Ala Gln Phe Leu Tyr Lys Gly Glu Gly Leu Asn Lys Thr Ala Ile
            100                 105                 110
Gly Asp Tyr Leu Gly Glu Arg Asp Glu Phe Asn Ile Gln Val Leu His
        115                 120                 125
Ala Phe Val Glu Leu His Glu Phe Thr Asp Leu Asn Leu Val Gln Ala
    130                 135                 140
Leu Arg Gln Phe Leu Trp Ser Phe Arg Leu Pro Gly Glu Ala Gln Lys
145                 150                 155                 160
Ile Asp Arg Met Met Glu Ala Phe Ala Gln Arg Tyr Cys Gln Cys Asn
                165                 170                 175
Asn Gly Val Phe Gln Ser Thr Asp Thr Cys Tyr Val Leu Ser Phe Ala
            180                 185                 190
Ile Ile Met Leu Asn Thr Ser Leu His Asn Pro Asn Val Lys Asp Lys
        195                 200                 205
Pro Thr Val Glu Arg Phe Ile Ala Met Asn Arg Gly Ile Asn Asp Gly
    210                 215                 220
Gly Asp Leu Pro Glu Glu Leu Leu Arg Asn Leu Tyr Glu Ser Ile Lys
225                 230                 235                 240
Asn Glu Pro Phe Lys Ile Pro Glu Asp Asp Gly Asn Asp Leu Thr His
                245                 250                 255
Thr Phe Phe Asn Pro Asp Arg Glu Gly Trp Leu Leu Lys Leu Gly Gly
            260                 265                 270
Gly Arg Val Lys Thr Trp Lys Arg Arg Trp Phe Ile Leu Thr Asp Asn
        275                 280                 285
Cys Leu Tyr Tyr Phe Glu Tyr Thr Thr Asp Lys Glu Pro Arg Gly Ile
    290                 295                 300
Ile Pro Leu Glu Asn Leu Ser Ile Arg Glu Val Glu Asp Ser Lys Lys
305                 310                 315                 320
Pro Asn Cys Phe Glu Leu Tyr Ile Pro Asp Asn Lys Asp Gln Val Ile
                325                 330                 335
Lys Ala Cys Lys Thr Glu Ala Asp Gly Arg Val Val Glu Gly Asn His
            340                 345                 350
Thr Val Tyr Arg Ile Ser Ala Pro Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Glu Glu Trp
        355                 360                 365
Ile Lys Cys Ile Lys Ala Ala Ile Ser Arg Asp Pro Phe Tyr Glu Met
    370                 375                 380
Leu Ala Ala Arg Lys Lys Lys Val Ser Ser Thr Lys Arg His
385                 390                 395
 
           
           
             
               1009 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               double 
               linear 
             
             
               CDS 
                (1..804)
 
             
             
               mat_peptide 
                (1..804)
 
             
              13
CAT GAG TTC ACC GAC CTC AAT CTG GTG CAG TCC CTC AGG CAG TTT CTA       48
His Glu Phe Thr Asp Leu Asn Leu Val Gln Ser Leu Arg Gln Phe Leu
  1               5                  10                  15
TGG AGC TTT CGC CTA CCC GGA GAG GCC CAG AAA ATT GAC CGG ATG ATG       96
Trp Ser Phe Arg Leu Pro Gly Glu Ala Gln Lys Ile Asp Arg Met Met
             20                  25                  30
GAG GCC TTC GCC CAG CGA TAC TGC CTG TGC AAC CCT GGG GTT TTC CAG      144
Glu Ala Phe Ala Gln Arg Tyr Cys Leu Cys Asn Pro Gly Val Phe Gln
         35                  40                  45
TCC ACA GAC ACG TGC TAT GTG CTG TCC TTC GCC GTC ATC ATG CTC AAC      192
Ser Thr Asp Thr Cys Tyr Val Leu Ser Phe Ala Val Ile Met Leu Asn
     50                  55                  60
ACC AGT CTC CAC AAT CCC AAT GTC CGG GAC AAG CCG GGC CTG GAG CGC      240
Thr Ser Leu His Asn Pro Asn Val Arg Asp Lys Pro Gly Leu Glu Arg
 65                  70                  75                  80
TTT GTG GCC ATG AAC CGG GGC ATC AAC GAG GGC GGG GAC CTG CCT GAG      288
Phe Val Ala Met Asn Arg Gly Ile Asn Glu Gly Gly Asp Leu Pro Glu
                 85                  90                  95
GAG CTG CTC AGG AAC CTG TAC GAC AGC ATC CGA AAT GAG CCC TTC AAG      336
Glu Leu Leu Arg Asn Leu Tyr Asp Ser Ile Arg Asn Glu Pro Phe Lys
            100                 105                 110
ATT CCT GAG GAT GAC GGG AAT GAC CTG ACC CAC ACC TTC TTC AAC CCG      384
Ile Pro Glu Asp Asp Gly Asn Asp Leu Thr His Thr Phe Phe Asn Pro
        115                 120                 125
GAC CGG GAG GGC TGG CTC CTG AAG CTG GGA GGG GGC CGG GTG AAG ACG      432
Asp Arg Glu Gly Trp Leu Leu Lys Leu Gly Gly Gly Arg Val Lys Thr
    130                 135                 140
TGG AAG CGG CGC TGG TTT ATC CTC ACA GAC AAC TGC CTC TAC TAC TTT      480
Trp Lys Arg Arg Trp Phe Ile Leu Thr Asp Asn Cys Leu Tyr Tyr Phe
145                 150                 155                 160
GAG TAC ACC ACG GAC AAG GAG CCC CGA GGA ATC ATC CCC CTG GAG AAT      528
Glu Tyr Thr Thr Asp Lys Glu Pro Arg Gly Ile Ile Pro Leu Glu Asn
                165                 170                 175
CTG AGC ATC CGA GAG GTG GAC GAC CCC CGG AAA CCG AAC TGC TTT GAA      576
Leu Ser Ile Arg Glu Val Asp Asp Pro Arg Lys Pro Asn Cys Phe Glu
            180                 185                 190
CTT TAC ATC CCC AAC AAC AAG GGG CAG CTC ATC AAA GCC TGC AAA ACT      624
Leu Tyr Ile Pro Asn Asn Lys Gly Gln Leu Ile Lys Ala Cys Lys Thr
        195                 200                 205
GAG GCG GAC GGC CGA GTG GTG GAG GGA AAC CAC ATG GTG TAC CGG ATC      672
Glu Ala Asp Gly Arg Val Val Glu Gly Asn His Met Val Tyr Arg Ile
    210                 215                 220
TCG GCC CCC ACA CAG GAG GAG AAG GAC GAG TGG ATC AAG TCC ATC CAG      720
Ser Ala Pro Thr Gln Glu Glu Lys Asp Glu Trp Ile Lys Ser Ile Gln
225                 230                 235                 240
GCG GCT GTG AGT GTG GAC CCC TTC TAT GAG ATG CTG GCA GCG AGA AAG      768
Ala Ala Val Ser Val Asp Pro Phe Tyr Glu Met Leu Ala Ala Arg Lys
                245                 250                 255
AAG CGG ATT TCA GTC AAG AAG AAG CAG GAG CAG CCC TGACCCCCTG           814
Lys Arg Ile Ser Val Lys Lys Lys Gln Glu Gln Pro
            260                 265
CCCCCAACTC CATTATTTAT TACGGAGCTG CCCCGCCTGG GTGGCCGGAC               864
CCCTGGGCCT TGGGGCTGTG GATCCTGGTT CCCTGTTTGG AAAATTCACC               914
ACCTCTAGCT CCTCACTGTT CTTTGTAATT AACACGCTGT TGGTAATCTT               964
ATTAATTATT TAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAC TCGAG                   1009
 
           
           
             
               268 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               linear 
             
             
               protein 
             
              14
His Glu Phe Thr Asp Leu Asn Leu Val Gln Ser Leu Arg Gln Phe Leu
  1               5                  10                  15
Trp Ser Phe Arg Leu Pro Gly Glu Ala Gln Lys Ile Asp Arg Met Met
             20                  25                  30
Glu Ala Phe Ala Gln Arg Tyr Cys Leu Cys Asn Pro Gly Val Phe Gln
         35                  40                  45
Ser Thr Asp Thr Cys Tyr Val Leu Ser Phe Ala Val Ile Met Leu Asn
     50                  55                  60
Thr Ser Leu His Asn Pro Asn Val Arg Asp Lys Pro Gly Leu Glu Arg
 65                  70                  75                  80
Phe Val Ala Met Asn Arg Gly Ile Asn Glu Gly Gly Asp Leu Pro Glu
                 85                  90                  95
Glu Leu Leu Arg Asn Leu Tyr Asp Ser Ile Arg Asn Glu Pro Phe Lys
            100                 105                 110
Ile Pro Glu Asp Asp Gly Asn Asp Leu Thr His Thr Phe Phe Asn Pro
        115                 120                 125
Asp Arg Glu Gly Trp Leu Leu Lys Leu Gly Gly Gly Arg Val Lys Thr
    130                 135                 140
Trp Lys Arg Arg Trp Phe Ile Leu Thr Asp Asn Cys Leu Tyr Tyr Phe
145                 150                 155                 160
Glu Tyr Thr Thr Asp Lys Glu Pro Arg Gly Ile Ile Pro Leu Glu Asn
                165                 170                 175
Leu Ser Ile Arg Glu Val Asp Asp Pro Arg Lys Pro Asn Cys Phe Glu
            180                 185                 190
Leu Tyr Ile Pro Asn Asn Lys Gly Gln Leu Ile Lys Ala Cys Lys Thr
        195                 200                 205
Glu Ala Asp Gly Arg Val Val Glu Gly Asn His Met Val Tyr Arg Ile
    210                 215                 220
Ser Ala Pro Thr Gln Glu Glu Lys Asp Glu Trp Ile Lys Ser Ile Gln
225                 230                 235                 240
Ala Ala Val Ser Val Asp Pro Phe Tyr Glu Met Leu Ala Ala Arg Lys
                245                 250                 255
Lys Arg Ile Ser Val Lys Lys Lys Gln Glu Gln Pro
            260                 265