Abstract:
The present invention discloses a power supply control circuit, the power supply providing an output voltage to an output terminal from an input terminal through a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, the power supply control circuit comprising: a power switch electrically connected with the primary winding; a switch control circuit controlling the power switch; and a sensing circuit supplying an output signal to the switch control circuit according to voltage signals obtained from two sides of the primary winding, wherein the sensing circuit includes a setting circuit for deciding the output voltage according to a reference signal. The present invention also relates to a voltage sensing method in the power supply control circuit.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of Invention 
         [0002]    The present invention relates to a voltage sensing method, which can be applied to a control circuit of a power supply which converts a voltage by a transformer, such as a photoflash charger control circuit. 
         [0003]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0004]    Power supplies which convert a voltage by a transformer are applied in many applications. One of the applications is chargers such as a photoflash charger. The basic structure of such charger is shown in the upper part of  FIG. 1 . A capacitor Cout at the output terminal Vout is charged from an input terminal Vin via a transformer. The charging time is controlled by a power switch  21  in a charger control circuit  20 . The charger control circuit  20  is typically integrated as an integrated circuit (IC). In the prior art shown in  FIG. 1 , the power switch  21  is controlled by a switch control circuit  25 , and the switch control circuit  25  determines whether to enable the power switch  21  according to a voltage detection at the secondary side of a transformer  10 . More specifically, a feedback voltage is obtained through resistors R 1  and R 2  by voltage division. A comparator  23  compares the feedback voltage with a reference voltage Vref; then the switch control circuit  25  determines whether to enable the power switch  21  according to the result of the comparison. 
         [0005]    The drawback of the prior art mentioned above is that resistors R 1  and R 2  (particularly, R 1 ) need to sustain high voltage, because the dividend voltage is obtained from the secondary side which is the high voltage side. Some prior art proposes to divide the resistor R 1  to two resistors, but the fact that they need to sustain high voltage remains the same. 
         [0006]    U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,292,005; 6,636,021; and 6,518,733 disclose another type of approach as shown in  FIG. 2 . This approach obtains a signal from the primary side, and compares the signal with a reference signal Vref in the comparator  23 . The result of the comparison is transmitted to the switch control circuit  25 , which determines whether to enable a power switch  22  based on the comparison. In this prior art, the power switch is implemented by a bipolar junction transistor  22 , but the basic principle remains the same. This prior art also discloses a one-shot circuit  24  for masking a switching ringing. 
         [0007]    One drawback of the second prior art is that, even though the feedback voltage is not obtained from the secondary side, and the resistor specification for sustaining high voltage can be relatively lower, but it requires two external resistors R 3  and R 4 . 
         [0008]    With respect to switching ringing, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0250824 discloses a method to filter such noise by a low-pass filter circuit. 
         [0009]    Even though the second and third prior art avoid the problem in the first approach which obtains the feedback signal from the secondary side, i.e., the requirement of devices capable of sustaining high voltage, they still have one common drawback as described below. The transformer employed in the charger may have different turn ratios in different applications. The prior art power supply control circuit can not adjust its output voltage detection and setting in correspondence with different turn ratios (the detection determines where the output voltage is balanced at, and therefore the adjustment of the detection can be regarded as the adjustment on the output voltage setting). If the transformer turn ratio is different, it is necessary to modify the internal circuitry of the charger control circuit, and re-produce a different integrated circuit to cope with it. In other words, the same integrated circuit can only be applied to one single application. 
         [0010]    In view of the above drawbacks, it is desired to provide a power supply control circuit and a method for sensing voltage in a power supply control circuit, which do not require a device sustaining high voltage, and furthermore the output voltage detection and setting can be flexibly adjusted in correspondence to the transformer turn ratio. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    A first objective of the present invention is to provide a power supply control circuit with flexibility on output voltage setting to overcome the drawbacks of the aforementioned prior art circuits. 
         [0012]    A second objective of the present invention is to provide a method for sensing voltage in a power supply control circuit. 
         [0013]    To achieve the above and other objectives, from one perspective, the present invention provides a power supply control circuit, the power supply providing an output voltage to an output terminal from an input terminal through a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding. The power supply control circuit comprises: a power switch electrically connected to the primary winding; a switch control circuit controlling the power switch; and a sensing circuit supplying an output signal to the switch control circuit according to voltage signals obtained from two sides of the primary winding, wherein the sensing circuit includes a setting circuit for deciding the output voltage according to a reference signal. 
         [0014]    In a preferred embodiment of the power supply control circuit, the setting circuit provides a setting current signal, and the sensing circuit converts the voltage signals obtained from the two sides of the primary winding to a first and a second current signals, and supplies the output signal to the switch control circuit according to the first, the second, and the setting current signals. 
         [0015]    From another perspective, the present invention provides a method for sensing voltage in the power supply control circuit, comprising the steps of: providing a power supply, the power supply providing an output voltage to an output terminal from an input terminal through a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding; providing a power switch electrically connecting to the primary winding; generating a first and a second signals according to voltage signals obtained from two sides of the primary winding; generating a setting signal; controlling the power switch according to the first, the second, and the setting signals; and deciding the output voltage according to the setting signal. 
         [0016]    The power supply control circuit and the voltage sensing method may further comprise a circuit or a step for masking a switching ringing noise generated when the power switch is switching. 
         [0017]    The objectives, technical details, features, and effects of the present invention will be better understood with regard to the detailed description of the embodiments below. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]      FIG. 1  is a schematic circuit diagram of a prior art power supply circuit. 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  is a schematic circuit diagram of another prior art power supply circuit. 
           [0020]      FIG. 3  and  FIG. 4  are schematic circuit diagrams which show two embodiments of the present invention, respectively. 
           [0021]      FIG. 5  shows a more specific embodiment of the circuit in  FIG. 3 . 
           [0022]      FIG. 6  shows an example of the setting circuit  361 . 
           [0023]      FIGS. 7 to 10  show several other embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0024]      FIG. 11  shows switching ringing in the voltage signal 
           [0025]    Vsw. 
           [0026]      FIG. 12  shows an example of a noise masking circuit formed by a low-pass filter. 
           [0027]      FIG. 13  shows an example to mask a noise by a masking signal. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0028]      FIG. 3  shows the first embodiment of the present invention. A power supply control circuit  30  according to the present invention comprises a power switch  31 , a switch control circuit  35 , and a sensing circuit  32 . The sensing circuit  32  obtains a signal from the primary side of a transformer and generates an output signal which is supplied to the switch control circuit  35  for controlling the power switch  31 . More specifically, a signal obtained from an input voltage Vin is processed by a first signal conversion circuit  36 , and thereafter input to an input terminal of a comparator  33 . Another signal obtained from the other side of the transformer primary winding is processed by a second signal conversion circuit  37  and thereafter input to the other input terminal of the comparator  33 . The comparator  33  compares the two signals, and the comparison result is transmitted to the switch control circuit  35  so that it can determine whether to enable the power switch  31  accordingly. Note that it is not necessary for the two signal conversion circuits  36  and  37  to provide sophisticated signal processing functions. It suffices to make the input voltage signal Vin and the signal obtained from the other side of the transformer primary winding matching to each other for the comparison purpose. In one embodiment, the two signal conversion circuits  36  and  37  are voltage to current conversion circuits (gm) with appropriate conversion ratios, respectively. More details will be depicted later with reference to  FIG. 5 . 
         [0029]    One feature of the present invention is that the sensing circuit  32  includes a setting circuit  361 . The setting circuit  361  can decide the output voltage sensing result in the control circuit  30  according to a reference signal. By adjusting the reference signal, the detection and setting with respect to the output voltage can be adjusted flexibly in correspondence to the turn ratio of the transformer. 
         [0030]      FIG. 4  shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a signal obtained from the input voltage Vin and a signal obtained from the other side of the transformer primary winding are converted by one single conversion circuit  38 . The conversion performed by this circuit includes, for example, converting both signals to current signals with an appropriate ratio and then obtaining a difference between them by subtracting one from the other. The converted signal is input to one input terminal of the comparator  33 . A setting signal generated by the setting circuit  361  is input to another input terminal of the comparator  33 . Similarly, after the comparator  33  compares the two input signals, the result is output to the switch control circuit  35 . The switch control circuit  35  determines whether to enable the power switch  31  according to the result. 
         [0031]      FIG. 5  shows a more specific embodiment of the circuit in  FIG. 3 . Referring to  FIG. 5 , we will explain how a setting signal generated by the setting circuit  361  sets an output voltage. In this embodiment, the comparator  33  is a current comparator, and the first and second signal conversion circuits  36  and  37  respectively include a first and a second voltage to current conversion circuits (gm 1   362  and gm 2   37 ), each with an appropriate conversion ratio. The first voltage to current conversion circuit  362  converts the input voltage Vin to the current Ia, and the second voltage to current conversion circuit  37  converts the voltage Vsw at the other side of the primary winding to the current Ib. The setting signal generated by the setting circuit  361  is the current signal Iset, which for example is determined by a resistor Rset. Suppose the ratios by which the first and second conversion circuits  362  and  37  convert the voltage signals to the current signals are both gm: 
         [0000]        Ia=gm 1* V in= gm*V in 
         [0000]        Ib=gm 2 *V sw= gm*V sw 
         [0000]    Then when the circuit is stable, Ib=Ia+Iset, and therefore: 
         [0000]        gm*V sw= gm*V in+ I set 
         [0000]        gm* ( V sw− V in)= I set
 
         [0000]        V sw− V in=(1/ gm )* I set
 
         [0000]    And, let the turn ratio of the transformer secondary winding to the primary winding be N, then 
         [0000]        V out=( V sw− V in)* N  
 
         [0000]        V sw− V in=(1/ N )* V out=(1/ gm )* I set
 
         [0000]      □ V out=(1/ gm )* N*I set
 
         [0032]    That is, regardless what the turn ratio N is, the setting signal Iset can be determined according to any given N and the desired output voltage Vout. In other words, the output voltage Vout can be flexibly adjusted according to the setting signal Iset in the present invention. 
         [0033]    Those skilled in this art can readily understand that the concept of  FIG. 5  can be applied to the embodiment of  FIG. 4 . The only difference is that, in  FIG. 4 , the difference between Ia and Ib is input to one input terminal of the comparator  33 , and the signal Iset is input to the other input terminal of the comparator  33 ; when the circuit reaches a stable and balanced state, the same relationship Ib=Ia+Iset is reached, which leads to the same equation Vout=(1/gm)*N*Iset. 
         [0034]    The setting circuit  361  may be embodied in many ways.  FIG. 6  shows one example. An operational amplifier  363  and a transistor  364  constitute a circuit follower  365  which generates a current Iset. The current Iset is equal to Vset/Rset. When Vset is fixed, Iset can be determined by adjusting Rset. A current mirror  366  duplicates Iset to output a setting signal. 
         [0035]    Referring to  FIG. 11 , when the power switch  31  is switching, a switching ringing occurs in the voltage Vsw, which should preferably be masked or filtered. To this end, according to the present invention, a noise masking circuit  39  is provided. The noise masking circuit  39  can be arranged in various ways as shown in  FIGS. 7-10 : to filter the noise in the voltage Vsw and then convert the filtered signal (as the embodiments shown in  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 9 ), or to convert the voltage Vsw and then filter the noise in the converted signal (as the embodiments shown in  FIG. 8  and  FIG. 10 ). The noise masking circuit  39 , for example, can be embodied by a low-pass filter as shown in  FIG. 12 , or by masking a short beginning period of the voltage signal Vsw in each time the power switch  31  switches. Referring to  FIG. 13  for the latter case, taking the arrangement shown in  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 9  as an example, the noise masking circuit  39  generates a masking signal each time when the power switch  31  switches high. Masked by the masking signal, the voltage signal Vsw becomes the third waveform as shown in  FIG. 13 , which is output as the output signal of the noise masking circuit  39 . Thus, the comparator  33  will not misjudge and generate an incorrect output because of the switching ringing. A similar arrangement can be applied to the noise masking circuits  39  shown in  FIG. 8  and  FIG. 10  such that the noise does not affect the circuit operation. 
         [0036]    From the above description of the embodiments, one can readily recognize the advantages of this invention over prior art. First, the output voltage can be set flexibly in correspondence to the transformer winding ratio. Second, the setting can be easily achieved by one resistor Rset. 
         [0037]    The present invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof. It should be understood that the description is for illustrative purpose, not for limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in this art can readily conceive variations and modifications within the spirit of the present invention. For example, the application of the invention is not limited to photoflash chargers, but can be applied to any power supply which converts a voltage by a transformer. And, a circuit or device represented by a single block in the figures can be integrated with another circuit, or dismantled to separate circuits (for example, the switch control circuit  35  and the comparator  33  can be integrated into one single circuit; the setting circuit  361  can be moved out from the sensing circuit  32 , etc.). In view of the foregoing, the spirit of the present invention should cover all such and other modifications and variations, which should be interpreted to fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.