Abstract:
A patterning apparatus for an electroluminescent display includes a molding plate provided with a plurality of convex portions and concave portions; a polymer supplying roller adjacent to the molding plate to apply an electroluminescent material to the molding plate via rotational movement; and a molding roller attached to the molding plate to apply the electroluminescent material on the molding plate to an adjacent substrate via rotational movement.

Description:
[0001]     This application is a Divisional of co-pending application Ser. No. 09/837,388 filed on Apr. 19, 2001, and for which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C.§ 120; and this application claims priority of Application No. P00-21297 filed in Korea on Apr. 21, 2000 under 35 U.S.C. § 119; the entire contents of all are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     This invention relates to a technique of fabricating flat panel display devices, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for patterning an electro-luminescent display device for forming pixels into minute patterns in such an electro-luminescent display device.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     Recently, various flat panel display devices have been developed which are reduced in weight and bulk, thereby eliminating several disadvantages of a cathode ray tube (CRT). Such flat panel display devices include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a field emission display (FED), a plasma display panel (PDP), and an electro-luminescent (EL) display device. Heightening the display quality of flat panel display devices and providing flat panel displays with a large-scale screen have been actively investigated. The PDP has been highlighted as a display device having the advantages of a light weight, a thin thickness and a small bulk as well as a large-scale screen owing to its simple structure and manufacturing process. However, the PDP has the drawbacks of a low emission efficiency, a low brightness and a high power consumption.  
         [0006]     An active matrix LCD employing thin film transistors (TFT&#39;s) as switching devices is difficult to manufacture as a large-scale screen. An active matrix LCD exploits the efficiencies of semiconductor processing techniques, and has been largely used as a display device for notebook computers. Consequently, demand for large-scale screens has been insufficient to justify large-scale semiconductor processing. However, the LCD has large drawbacks in that it is difficult to provide a large screen area and power consumption is high due to a backlight unit. Also, the LCD has the undesirable characteristics of a large light loss and a narrow viewing angle due to a polarizing filter, a prism sheet and a diffuser, etc.  
         [0007]     EL display devices may be classified into inorganic EL devices and organic EL devices, depending on the type of material used in a light-emitting layer. Such a device is “self-emitting,” emitting its own light. The EL display device has the great advantages of a rapid response speed, high emission efficiency, good brightness, and a large viewing angle.  
         [0008]     In the organic EL display device as shown in  FIG. 1 , an anode electrode  31  composed of a transparent electrode pattern is provided on a glass substrate  2 , and a hole injecting layer  32 , a light-emitting layer  33  and an electron injecting layer  34  are sequentially disposed thereon. A cathode electrode  35  composed of a metal electrode is provided on the electron-injecting layer  34 . When a driving voltage is applied to the anode electrode  31  and the cathode electrode  35 , holes within the hole injecting layer  32  and electrons within the electron injecting layer  34  migrate toward the light-emitting layer  33  to excite a fluorescent material within the light-emitting layer  33 . A picture or an image is displayed by the visible light generated from the light-emitting layer  33  in this manner. It is difficult to manufacture such an EL display device with a large-scale screen, because current mass-production techniques and processes are inadequate to repetitively manufacture a screen of more than 10 inches.  
         [0009]     Studies of patterning pixels of the EL device have been made, but it is not yet conventionally possible to make a minute pattern and to make a repetitive manufacturing of red, green and blue pixels for a large-scale device. For example, an organic EL material cannot be patterned by wet etching because it is liable to be melted by a solvent or moisture. For this reason, the organic EL material cannot be patterned by photolithographic techniques which are advantageous for formation of minute patterns. A low-molecule organic EL material may be patterned using a method of independently forming each of red, green and blue materials using a minute-patterned shadow mask, but such a technique is limited by the accuracy with which shadow masks may be constructed. Such masks do not have a resolution beyond a certain level, and are difficult to accurately use over a large field due to a tension deviation, etc. of the shadow mask. A method of patterning pixels using an ink-jet injection head for a high-molecule or polymer organic EL material has been studied. However, it is difficult to form a pinhole-free thin film of less than 1000 Å thickness using such a method. A scheme of providing color filters on a white EL material, or of providing a color changing medium on a blue EL material, has been considered, but such a scheme causes a large light loss due to the color filters or the color changing medium.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0010]     Accordingly, the present invention is directed to an apparatus and method of manufacturing an electro-luminescent display device that substantially obviate one or more of the problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.  
         [0011]     In accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described, in one aspect the invention includes a patterning apparatus for an electro-luminescent display, including: a molding plate provided with a plurality of convex portions and concave portions; a polymer supplying roller adjacent to the molding plate to apply an electro-luminescent material to the molding plate via rotational movement; and a molding roller attached to the molding plate to apply the electro-luminescent material on the molding plate to an adjacent substrate via rotational movement.  
         [0012]     In another aspect, the invention includes a method of patterning an electro-luminescent display, including: providing a molding plate with convex and concave portions on a molding roller; applying an electro-luminescent material to the convex portions of the molding plate; and printing the electro-luminescent material from the molding plate onto a substrate by rotating the molding roller so that the material on the convex portions contacts the substrate.  
         [0013]     The method and apparatus advantageously produce an electro-luminescent display having pixels formed in minute patterns.  
         [0014]     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.  
         [0015]     The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one embodiment of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]     These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.  
         [0017]      FIG. 1  is a schematic section view showing the structure of a conventional organic electro-luminescent display device.  
         [0018]      FIG. 2  is a section view showing the structure of a patterning apparatus for an electro-luminescent display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0019]      FIG. 3  is a partial enlarged view of the “III” portion indicated by a dotted circle in  FIG. 2 .  
         [0020]      FIG. 4  is a detailed perspective view of the molding plate  6  shown in  FIG. 2 .  
         [0021]      FIG. 5  is a partial enlarged view of the “V” portion indicated by a dotted circle in  FIG. 4 .  
         [0022]      FIG. 6A  to  FIG. 6C  are sectional views representing a process of forming pixel patterns of the electro-luminescent display device using the patterning device in  FIG. 2 .  
         [0023]      FIG. 7A  to  FIG. 7C  are sectional views showing spreading of the pixel pattern of  FIG. 6C .  
         [0024]      FIG. 8  is a plan view showing barrier ribs provided between pixel patterns in a patterning method of pixel patterns according to a second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0025]      FIG. 9A  to  FIG. 9D  are sectional views representing a process of forming pixel patterns of an electro-luminescent display device on a substrate provided with the barrier ribs shown in  FIG. 8 .  
         [0026]      FIG. 10  is a plan view showing barrier ribs provided between pixel patterns in a patterning method of pixel patterns according to a third embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0027]      FIG. 11A  to  FIG. 11D  are sectional views representing a process of forming pixel patterns of an electro luminescent display device on a substrate provided with the barrier ribs shown in  FIG. 10 . 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0028]      FIG. 2  shows a patterning apparatus for an electro-luminescent display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The patterning apparatus in  FIG. 2  includes a molding plate  6  provided with lands  12  and grooves  14 . The molding plate  6  is attached to a molding roller  4 . The apparatus also includes a polymer supply roller  8  for applying an EL polymer solution  16  onto the lands  12  of the molding plate  6 . Under the molding roller  4 , a glass substrate  2  is supplied to receive EL polymer solution  16  from the molding plate  6 . Various types of EL polymers and other EL materials suitable for use with such an apparatus will be appreciated and employed by those skilled in the display art.  
         [0029]     The lands  12  may protrude in a stripe shape (i.e., roughly linearly) between the grooves  14  as shown in  FIG. 4 . As shown in greater detail in  FIG. 5 , each land  12  includes a number of indentations  12   a  extending along its entire length. These indentations  12   a  help the lands  12  pick up and retain a greater amount of polymer material  16  from contact with the supply roller  8 .  
         [0030]     As shown in greater detail in  FIG. 3 , the lands  12  contact the polymer supply roller  8 , which is coated with the EL polymer solution  16 , and are uniformly coated with the EL polymer solution  16  to a desired thickness (e.g., less than 1000 Å). The grooves  14  of the molding plate  6  are not coated with the EL polymer solution  16 , because they do not contact the polymer supply roller  8 . By its rotating motion, the molding roller  4  causes the EL polymer solution  16  coated on the surface of the polymer supply roller  8  to be transferred to the lands  12  of the molding plate  6 . Also, the molding roller  4  causes the lands  12  of the molding plate  6  coated with the EL polymer solution  16  to come in contact with the glass substrate  2  by its rotating motion.  
         [0031]     A blade or other roller (not shown) may be installed adjacent to the surface of the polymer supply roller  8  so that the polymer solution  16  is evenly coated with a uniform thickness on the roller  8 . This causes the solution  16  transferred to the molding roller  4 , as shown in  FIG. 3 , also to be of uniform thickness.  
         [0032]     A process of patterning a light-emitting layer of the EL display device using the patterning apparatus as mentioned above will be described with respect to  FIGS. 6A-6C . First, an EL polymer solution  16  having any one of red, green and blue colors is applied to the polymer supply roller  8 . Then, as shown in  FIG. 3 , the EL polymer solution  16  is coated on the polymer supply roller  8  by rotational movement of the polymer supply roller  8 . At this time, the molding roller  4  is interlinked with the rotating polymer supply roller  8  to be rotated in an opposite direction to the polymer supply roller  8 . The EL polymer solution  16  coated on the lands  12  of the molding plate  6  contacts the glass substrate  2  supplied under the molding roller  4  by a rotating motion of the molding roller  4 , as shown in  FIG. 6A . At this time, the EL polymer solution  16  is inversely propagated onto the glass substrate  2 .  
         [0033]     The lands  12  printed with the polymer solution  16  on the glass substrate  2  are separated from the glass substrate  2  as shown in  FIG. 6B  by a rotation of the molding roller  4 . The EL polymer solution  16  printed on the glass substrate  2  deforms to have an even surface as shown in  FIG. 6C  just after the printing. Such evening of the surface of solution  16  is due to a material property of the polymer solution. Subsequently, the EL polymer solution  16  on the glass substrate  2  is heated at a desired temperature. As a result, the pixel pattern  18  shown in  FIG. 6C  is provided on the glass substrate  2 . After the pixel pattern  18  with a specific color is formed as described above, another pixel pattern with a different color is provided in a similar manner.  
         [0034]     The patterning method of printing the pixel patterns on the glass substrate  2  using the roller as described above is applicable to the formation of the red, green and blue patterns of the light-emitting layer, as shown in the above embodiment, but may also be used to form other organic material layers included in the EL display. Examples of such other layers are the hole injecting layer  32  or the electron injecting layer  34  shown in  FIG. 1 . Such a patterning method reduces waste of material compared to, for example, a conventional spin-coating method.  
         [0035]     However, the method of forming the EL organic material layer on the substrate using the roller tends to accelerate a membrane spread of the pixel pattern or the organic material layer  20   a,  as shown in  FIGS. 7A  to  7 C. Just after printing, a wetting characteristic and a leveling characteristic of the EL polymer solution cause the layer  20   a  to increase in width and decrease in uniformity. As a result, the pixel pattern or the organic material layer  20   a  formed on the substrate has not only a non-uniform thickness, but also worsened color purity and device characteristics.  
         [0036]     In order to reduce such membrane spread of the pixel pattern or the organic material layer  20   a,  the patterning method according to a second embodiment of the present invention provides barrier ribs  50  for reducing such membrane spread of the organic material between the adjacent pixel pattern areas as shown in  FIG. 8 . Red (R), green (G), and blue (B) pixel patterns  18  are formed between the barrier ribs  50 .  
         [0037]     Referring now to  FIG. 9A , the barrier ribs  50  are provided with a desired spacing on the glass substrate  2  in the patterning method according to the second embodiment. Between the barrier ribs  50 , an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) pattern  52  used as a pixel electrode is provided. The barrier rib  50  is formed with a larger thickness or height than a pixel pattern or an organic material layer  18  to be formed on the glass substrate  2 . A material of the barrier rib  50  can be selected from any one of inorganic materials such as SiN x  and SiO 2 , etc. and organic materials such as a polyimide and an acryl group, etc. Depending on the material used, the barrier ribs  50  may be formed by conventional photolithographic processes. Subsequently, as shown in  FIGS. 9B-9D , the EL polymer solution  16  is printed on the ITO pattern  52  using the molding roller  4  and the molding plate  6  as described above. At this time, any membrane spread of the EL polymer solution  16  is limited by the barrier ribs  50 , so that the EL polymer solution  16  is formed with a uniform thickness on the glass substrate  2 . After the red (R) pixel pattern  18  is formed as shown in  FIG. 9D , green and blue pixel patterns are sequentially formed in a similar manner.  
         [0038]      FIG. 10  and  FIGS. 11A  to  11 D show a patterning method according to a third embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to an EL device provided with TFT&#39;s as switching devices.  
         [0039]     Referring to  FIG. 10 , barrier ribs  40  are provided on the glass substrate  2  to cover the edges of ITO patterns  42 . The barrier rib  40  covers the edge of the ITO pattern  42 , a source line- 44 , a gate line  48  and a TFT  48 . Also, the barrier rib  40  is formed into a larger thickness than the pixel pattern or the organic material layer  18  printed on the ITO pattern  42 . A material of the barrier rib  40  can be selected from any one of inorganic materials such as SiN x  and SiO 2 , etc. and organic materials such as a polyimide and an acryl group, etc.  
         [0040]     Referring now to  FIG. 11A , the barrier rib  40  has a neck  40   b  with a small width and a head  40   a  with a large width. The edge of the ITO pattern  42  is formed adjacent to the neck  40   b . Thus, the edge of the ITO pattern  42  is overlapped by the head  40   a  of the barrier rib  40 . Subsequently, the EL polymer solution  16  is printed on the ITO pattern  42  as shown in  FIGS. 11B and 11C  using the molding roller  4  and the molding plate  6  as mentioned above. Of course, the molding roller  4  according to this third embodiment of the invention has lands and grooves shaped to correspond to the pixel and barrier structure shown in  FIG. 10 . At this time, a membrane spread of the EL polymer solution  16  is limited by the head  40   a  of the barrier rib  40 , so that the EL polymer solution  16  is formed into a uniform thickness on the glass substrate  2 . Heating fixes the polymer solution  16  into a pixel pattern  18 . After the red (R) pixel pattern  18  is formed in this manner, the green and blue pixel patterns are sequentially formed in a similar manner.  
         [0041]     As described above, according to the present invention, after a molding plate molded into a pixel pattern shape is coated with the EL polymer solution, the solution is inversely propagated onto the glass substrate. Pixels with minute patterns are formed in this manner. Furthermore, barrier ribs may be provided between the pixel patterns to prevent the membrane spread at the time of printing the EL polymer solution, and to minimize any color deterioration of the devices. By using such barrier ribs, reliability of such a device may be raised and its life may be prolonged.  
         [0042]     Although the present invention has been explained by the embodiments shown in the drawings described above, it should be understood by the person ordinarily skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but rather that various changes or modifications thereof are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, it is envisioned that the molding plate  6  and the roller  4  could be formed as a single, unitary piece. Accordingly, the scope of the invention shall be determined only by the appended claims and their equivalents.