Abstract:
A method for embedding at least one solar structure, including one or more anchoring legs, includes making one or more holes in which the at least one solar structure is to be installed; forming one or more concrete slabs in the hole(s) at one installation rib; after setting of the concrete slab(s), locating the position(s) of the anchoring leg(s) of the at least one solar structure on the concrete slab(s); installing the at least one solar structure in the hole(s), with the anchoring leg(s) bearing on the concrete slab(s) at the position(s) of the anchoring leg(s) that were located beforehand; and embedding the at least one solar structure.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to the field of tracking solar panels, the orientation of which can change as a function of the variation of sunlight during the day and throughout the year. 
     The invention more particularly relates to the embedding in the ground of support structures for solar panels. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Commonly, a solar panel support structure according to the state of the art, for example illustrated in  FIG. 2 , comprises a support structure  2  that makes it possible to support an element (not shown) supporting a solar panel for processing sunlight. The solar panel is generally made up of a plurality of photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be mounted to be stationary. Alternatively, the solar panel may comprise a system for actuating the solar panel for controlling the general inclination of the solar panel around an axis X relative to the ground. 
     That is why it is important for the support structure  2  to be firmly embedded in the right position so that the control of the general inclination of the solar panel is not distorted by poor positioning of the support structure  2 . 
     Known in the state-of-the-art is a method for embedding support structures that comprises the following steps: 
     making holes in the ground so as to embed one or more support structures therein, 
     pouring a layer of concrete so as to produce a concrete slab, embedding fastening and adjusting means for a support structure therein in a predetermined position, 
     after a suitable time (for the concrete to set), placing the support structure on the fastening and adjustment means or on the concrete slab, 
     adjusting the spatial positioning of the solar structure using the fastening and adjustment means. 
     However, criticisms have been leveled regarding such a method for embedding a support structure. In fact, concrete having a significant dimensional weight and a rheology making it not very fluid, the pouring step can create destabilization problems of the fastening and adjustment means of the support structure, which can therefore be moved from the predetermined position. As a result, after the concrete layer has set, the support structure embedded in the ground and poorly positioned can create inclination errors in the control of the solar panel, which creates deterioration in the output of the solar panel, in particular when the support structure bearing the solar panel is poorly aligned heightwise. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Thus, one aim of the present invention is to provide a method for embedding a solar panel support structure that is fast and inexpensive, and that makes it possible to avoid any poor placement of the support structure when the latter is embedded, in particular during the pouring of the concrete slab. 
     To that end, the invention provides a method for embedding a support structure comprising one or more anchoring legs, including the following steps: 
     making one or more holes in which the support structure is to be installed; 
     making one or more concrete slabs in the hole(s) at one installation side; 
     after setting of the concrete slab(s), locating the position(s) of the anchoring leg(s) of the at least one support structure on the concrete slab(s); 
     installing the support structure in the hole(s), the anchoring leg(s) bearing on the concrete slab(s) at the position(s) of the anchoring leg(s) that were located beforehand; and 
     embedding the support structure. 
     Advantageously, but optionally, the embedding method according to the invention also comprises at least one of the following features: 
     Beforehand, the method includes the following step: staking to determine the installation site. 
     The embedding of the support structure includes a step for pouring concrete in the hole(s). 
     The embedding of the at least one support structure includes a prior step of making a casing around the anchoring leg(s) in the hole(s). 
     The production of one or more concrete slab(s) includes a prior step of placing a lattice on shims at the bottom of the hole(s). 
     The production of one or more concrete slabs includes the placement of connecting means in the vicinity of the position of the anchoring leg(s). 
     The embedding of the support structure includes a prior step of fastening the anchoring leg(s) using the connecting means. 
     Before installing the support structure, the support structure is assembled on a jig. 
     The jig is installed near the hole(s), the support structure, once assembled, is moved from the jig to the hole(s). 
     Before installing the support structure, a maintenance and handling belt ( 10 ) is fastened around the support structure. 
     Before or after embedding the support structure, the maintenance and handling belt is removed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in the following description of one embodiment of the invention. In the appended drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is a three-dimensional view of the solar panel support structure comprising three anchoring legs and a jig and a maintenance and handling belt in place; 
         FIG. 2  is a three-dimensional view of the solar panel support structure of  FIG. 1  in place using an embedding method according to the invention; and 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram of the embedding method according to the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A solar panel support structure  2  intended for supporting a solar panel will be described in reference to  FIG. 1 . The embodiment of the support structure  2  that will be described is provided only as an illustration, one skilled in the art easily being able to adapt the following to any other type of solar panel support structure that may require a jig and be installed using an embedding method according to the invention that will be described later. 
     The support structure  2  here comprises three anchoring legs  5   a ,  5   b , and  5   c , a connecting bar  4 , and two mounting ends  3   a  and  3   b  for a solar panel (not shown) that is intended to be able to rotate around an axis of rotation X. The anchoring ends of the anchoring legs  5   a ,  5   b , and  5   c  each comprise a through opening  6   a ,  6   b , and  6   c.    
     In order to assemble such a support structure  2 , a jig  20  is provided. This jig  20  comprises a tubular polygonal base  25  (here, tubes with a square section) mounted on respective anchoring ends  28  that are situated at each apex of the polygonal base and at the ends of anchoring legs  5   a ,  5   b , and  5   c . In the case illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the polygonal base is a triangle. In general, the polygonal base comprises as many apexes as there are anchoring legs of the support structure  2 . Each apex receives an anchoring leg end of the support structure  2  to be assembled. The jig comprises a middle bar  24  passing through the polygonal base  25 . Perpendicular to the polygonal base  25 , two posts  22  and  23  rise from the middle bar  24  at the free ends of which a reinforcing bar  21  is fastened, here substantially parallel to the middle bar  24 . Jaws  26  and  27  are provided at respective ends of the reinforcing bar  21 . These jaws  26  and  27  make it possible to maintain the anchoring legs  5   a ,  5   b , and  5   c  in position for assembly of the support structure  2 . The jaws  26  and  27  are positioned to maintain a relative spatial position between the various anchoring legs of the support structure  2  to be assembled. An additional jaw  29  is provided to receive the connecting bar  4 . This prevents any tilting of the support structure  2  during the assembly thereof. 
     During the assembly of the support structure  2 , the anchoring legs  5   a ,  5   b , and  5   c  are spatially positioned on the jig  20  bearing in the jaws  26  and  27 , the anchoring end  28  of each of the anchoring legs being in a position at an apex of the polygonal base  25 . In the case at hand, the anchoring leg  5   c  rests bearing on the jaw  26  so that the end of the anchoring leg, opposite the anchoring end  28 , is in contact, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . From there, the two anchoring legs  5   a  and  5   b  are fastened to one another with the connecting bar  4  by staple  7  and/or the installation of a connecting plate  8 . Any other appropriate connecting means may be used to that end. 
     Then, the mounting end  3   a  is assembled at and in contact with the ends of the anchoring legs  5   a  and  5   b . The mounting end  3   b  is assembled on the end opposite the anchoring end of the anchoring leg  5   c . The connecting bar  4  connects the two assembly ends  3   a  and  3   b.    
     The support structure  2  is thus assembled. A maintenance and handling belt  10  is positioned around the anchoring legs  5   a ,  5   b , and  5   c . Here, the maintenance and handling belt  10  is fastened at the lower half of the anchoring legs, heightwise, using through pins  11   a ,  11   b , and  11   c . In one alternative embodiment, the maintenance and handling belt is positioned at one third of the height of the anchoring legs. Any other fastening means can be used to fasten the belt  10  to the support structure  2 . 
     In reference to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , an embedding method according to the invention will now be described for embedding the support structure  2  in the ground. The embedding method according to the invention for embedding the support structure  2  includes the following steps: 
     making (step  100 ) two holes T 1  and T 2  within the mounting site S in which the anchoring ends of the anchoring legs  5   a ,  5   b , and  5   c  are intended to be embedded. The production of these holes T 1 , T 2  is known from the state of the art and will not be described in more detail. In order to improve the embedding of the support structures  2 , a welded lattice  40  is placed on shims at the bottom of the holes T 1 , T 2 . 
     installing (step  110 ) one or more stakes for positioning one side wall of each hole T 1  and T 2 , as well as positioning the anchoring ends of the support structure  2 . More specifically, the aim is to determine the thickness of a concrete slab  30  to be poured, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the positioning of the connecting means  50  of the support structure  2 . 
     placing (step  120 ) connecting means  50  in the vicinity of the position of the anchoring ends of the support structure  2 . These connecting means  50  here are concrete reinforcing bars deformed so as to have a U-shaped loop firmly secured to the lattice  40 , an apex of the U-shaped loop being positioned above the side wall  60  of the concrete slab  30 . 
     pouring (step  130 ) a concrete slab  30  in each of the holes T 1  and T 2  with the side wall. 
     assembling (step  140 ) the support structure  2  on the jig  20 , as previously described. The jig is preferably installed on the support structure near the holes T 1  and T 2 . 
     once the concrete slab(s) have set, identifying (step  150 ) the exact position of the anchoring legs of the support structure  2  on the concrete slab(s). 
     moving (step  160 ) the support structure from the jig to the holes T 1  and T 2  and installing the support structure  2  on the concrete slab(s), the anchoring end of each of the anchoring legs  5   a ,  5   b , and  5   c  of the support structure  2  bearing on the concrete slab(s) at its respective position previously identified. 
     fastening (step  170 ) the anchoring legs to the connecting means  50 . This fastening is done using concrete reinforcing bars positioned through the through openings  6   a ,  6   b , and  6   c  and then firmly connecting them to the connecting means, here at the apexes of the U-shaped loops emerging from the concrete slab(s). The maintenance and handling belt  10  is removed from the support structure  2 . 
     embedding (step  180 ) the support structure  2  by pouring an additional concrete layer  70 . A casing can be formed around each anchoring leg so as to reduce the amount of concrete used to produce the additional layer  70 . Once the additional layer of concrete has set, each hole T 1 , T 2  is filled in with backfill  80 . 
     In one alternative embodiment, a fibrous concrete can be used for pouring in order to improve the embedding and/or strength of the concrete slab(s)  30 . In the latter case, the lattice  40  can be omitted. 
     With such a method, it is possible to control the positioning of the support structure  2  (±25 mm) during the step of pouring the concrete layer, thereby making it possible not to distort control of the inclination of the solar panels installed on the solar panel support structure, in particular by guaranteeing the positioning of the solar panel. Furthermore, during such an embedding method according to the invention, the tools can be reusable right away without having to wait for the concrete to set. In this way, the jig  20  and the maintenance and handling belt  20  are reusable right away to assemble a new support structure.