Abstract:
An improved means for magnetically operating push buttons and other controls on cameras in underwater housings is disclosed. The magnetic force of repulsion is employed to transmit motion through the case wall without electrical connection to the camera or sliding or twisting or flexible seals.

Description:
REFERENCED PROVISIONAL PATENT APPLICATION  
       [0001]     This application claims benefit of provisional patent application No. 60/481,994 “Magnetic Repulsion Actuator for Underwater Camera” submitted 2004-Feb. 2 15:25:55 SDT by Paul Boon. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF INVENTION  
       [0002]     Cases or housings that allow conventional mechanical still or movie cameras to be used under water have been popular for many years and the details of their construction are the subject of numerous patents. Interest in similar cases for videotape and digital cameras has increased in recent years as this equipment has become less expensive and has incorporated more desirable features. Although cameras designed specifically for use under water (incorporating a waterproof case) have been manufactured, it is sometimes judged less expensive to adapt a mass-produced conventional camera for underwater use. Often, the methods used to operate a camera incorporating a case designed specifically for underwater use are similar to those used in after-market underwater cases or housings. In practice, the methods used for operating various controls on cameras incorporating waterproof cases as well as cases intended for adapting conventional cameras for underwater use have been observed to have shortcomings.  
         [0003]     Some schemes for operating the controls of underwater cameras have used one or more O-ring seals that allow a metal or plastic rod to physically turn or slide and operate the camera control(s). These O-rings require regular maintenance and have frequently been observed to allow water to enter the case as a result of wear, contamination or flattening of the rubber. The likelihood of a leak increases with the number of O-rings in the case. As may be imagined, even a small amount of water is undesirable for photographic or electronic equipment.  
         [0004]     Magnetic coupling through a waterproof case to a reed switch (or other magnetic sensing device) inside allows operation of the camera (or other equipment) controls without the need for a sliding or rotating seal and the associated risk of a leak. Generally, the operator displaces a permanent magnet movably mounted outside the waterproof case. When moved into close proximity, the field from the magnet closes the contacts of the reed switch (or activates some other magnetic sensing device) located inside the waterproof case. The reed switch (or other device) completes a circuit in the camera or operates an electric motor to accomplish the desired function. Additional complexity and expense are associated with these controls since a motor, gearing and power supply must be supplied or else the appropriate circuit in the camera must be interrupted and electrical connections installed and wiring provided to the reed switch (or other sensor) to complete the circuit.  
         [0005]     Rotational magnetic couplings have allowed a knob turned outside the waterproof housing to rotate a control on a camera inside. Two circular arrangements of permanent magnets, one inside and one outside, transmit the rotational motion. Focus, exposure adjustment and film advancement may be accomplished on older-style cameras. Sometimes gears are incorporated to change the number of turns or amount of torque required to operate the control. This method eliminates the risk of leak associated with an O-ring but is limited in the functions it can provide.  
         [0006]     The use of cases that are thin enough to be flexible (resembling a bag) or rigid cases which incorporate flexible parts or areas allow the mechanical operation of the camera controls within. In their simplest embodiments, the maximum depth to which these cases are useful is limited by the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the camera or the controls themselves (a shutter button continuously depressed by water pressure is an example). Mechanical solutions to this problem have been patented and incorporate internal pressurization of the case, more complicated mold designs, additional molding steps, cantilever beams and/or additional mechanical components. These solutions generally add expense and complexity and limit the minimum size of any controls, which can be operated.  
         [0007]     It is an object of the present invention to provide a simpler, less expensive and more reliable method for operating the controls of an underwater camera. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an actuator that is small enough to use with the more numerous and smaller push button controls that are now common on various electronic cameras. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a means of mechanically operating the controls on cameras in underwater cases thus making electrical connection unnecessary. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for operating popular controls other than push buttons including “rockers” as well as two-axis or three-axis “control buttons”. It is a further object of this invention to provide a means for operating the controls of a camera designed specifically for underwater use (Incorporating a waterproof case) in addition to a camera contained in a case or housing intended to adapt it for underwater use. Still further objects and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the ensuing description and accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS  
       [0008]      FIG. 1  is a cross sectional view of a part of a submerged camera case incorporating the preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0009]      FIG. 2  is the same cross sectional view as  FIG. 1  after the diver/photographer has used his finger to actuate a camera push-button.  
         [0010]      FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view of a part of a submerged camera case incorporating an alternate embodiment of the actuator depicted in  FIG. 1 . The outer magnet of the actuator is attached to a diaphragm of rubber or a similar material.  
         [0011]      FIG. 4  is the same cross sectional view as  FIG. 3  after the diver/photographer has used his finger to actuate a camera push button.  
         [0012]      FIG. 5  is a cross sectional view of a part of a submerged camera case incorporating an alternate embodiment of the actuator depicted in  FIG. 1 . The outer magnet is enclosed within a larger diameter push button or plunger and slides in a larger cavity.  
         [0013]      FIG. 6  is a cross sectional view of a part of a submerged camera case incorporating an alternate embodiment of the actuator depicted in  FIG. 1 . The outer magnet is affixed to a sheet of springy material (Metal, plastic etc.) stamped or molded in a configuration, similar to that used on some key boards, which allows it to deform and control the motion of the outer magnet.  
         [0014]      FIG. 7  is a cross sectional view of a part of a submerged camera case incorporating an alternate embodiment of the actuator depicted in  FIG. 1 . The outer magnet is attached to a plate of springy material such as acrylic plastic.  
         [0015]      FIG. 8  is the same cross sectional view as  FIG. 7  after the diver/photographer has used his finger to actuate a camera push button.  
         [0016]      FIG. 9  is an exploded view of an actuator intended for use with a three-axis “control button” as seen on many popular digital cameras and videotape recorders.  
         [0017]      FIG. 10  is a cross sectional view of a part of a submerged camera case incorporating the assembled actuator from  FIG. 9 .  
         [0018]      FIG. 11  is a cross sectional view of a part of a submerged camera case incorporating the actuator from  FIGS. 9 and 10  after the diver/photographer has used his finger to tilt the “control button”.  
         [0019]      FIG. 12  is a cross sectional view of a part of a submerged camera case incorporating the actuator from  FIGS. 9 and 10  after the diver/photographer has used his finger to depress the “control button”. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0020]     Turning our attention to  FIG. 1 , we see a section of an underwater camera case  3 , which is constructed from rigid non-magnetic material such as acrylic plastic. The case is submerged in water  2  and contains, in air space  5 , camera  7  equipped with push button  6 . Two cylindrical permanent magnets  4  are “slidably” contained in two cylindrical cavities bored into the case from opposite sides of the wall along a common centerline. The two magnets are so contained as to slide on a common axis, be separated by a waterproof barrier of rigid non-magnetic material, repel each other, and be unable to appreciably change their orientation. The cavity containing the “inner” magnet communicates with the case&#39;s interior air space and is located over the camera push button in such a way that any movement of the magnet will operate the push button. The cavity containing the “outer” magnet communicates with the water but its diameter decreases to prevent the escape of said magnet. Extension  1  has been attached to the “outer” magnet and protrudes beyond the surface of the case.  
         [0021]     Turning our attention now to  FIG. 2 , we see that the diver/photographer&#39;s finger  8  has pressed on extension  1  of the assembly from  FIG. 1 . This action moves the “outer” magnet and its associated magnetic field towards the “inner” magnet thus increasing the magnetic force of repulsion between the two magnets. The increased force from the “inner” magnet overcomes the designed spring force of push button  6  and the push button is depressed and accomplishes its intended camera function (shutter, power, focus etc.).  
         [0022]     Subsequent to the operation shown in  FIG. 2 , removal of the diver/photographer&#39;s finger tip allows the repulsive forces of the permanent magnets and the spring forces of the camera push button to restore the assembly to the condition of  FIG. 1  and ready it for another operation cycle.  
         [0023]     An alternate embodiment of the invention is shown in cross section in  FIG. 3 . This arrangement is similar to that shown in  FIG. 1  but the “outer” cavity diameter is somewhat greater and rather than sliding within the cavity, the “outer” magnet is attached to a thin sheet or diaphragm of rubber (or similar material)  10  which has been perforated by a small hole  11  and covers the opening of the larger cavity.  
         [0024]      FIG. 4  shows how the diver/photographer&#39;s finger could operate the actuator illustrated in  FIG. 3  by deforming the diaphragm to move the “outer” magnet and depress the camera push button. Hole  11  allows water to enter and escape from the cavity.  
         [0025]     An alternate embodiment of the invention is shown in  FIG. 5 . This arrangement is similar to the one shown in  FIG. 1  but extension  1  is omitted and the “outer” magnet is held in a “plunger”  9  trapped in a somewhat larger cylindrical cavity whose diameter allows the plunger to slide easily and does not prevent the entrance or escape of water. This arrangement affords protection from accidental operation, as it requires the diver/photographer to insert his finger into the cavity in order to operate the camera push button.  
         [0026]     An alternate embodiment of the invention is shown in  FIG. 6 . This arrangement is similar to the one shown in  FIG. 1  but the “outer” magnet is attached to a springy sheet of metal or plastic (as used for some key boards)  12  which might be embossed or formed or molded into curves or bends in order to provide the desired support and movement for the magnet. Hole  11  allows water to enter and escape from the cavity.  
         [0027]     An alternate embodiment of the invention is shown in  FIG. 7 . This arrangement is similar to the one shown in  FIG. 1  but the outer magnet is mounted on a spring lever  13 , reminiscent of a tiny diving board, in order to provide the necessary support and movement.  
         [0028]      FIG. 8  shows how the diver/photographer could use his finger to depress the camera push button using the actuator illustrated in  FIG. 7 .  
         [0029]     In an alternate embodiment, a pair of the previously described actuators could be used to operate the “rocker” which is now seen among the controls of various cameras. Although this embodiment is not illustrated, it would be similar to the actuator for a somewhat more complex 2-axis or 3-axis “control button” subsequently described.  
         [0030]     In an alternate embodiment, 4 magnets could be located within the case&#39;s air space and 4 outside (8 magnets total) in order to operate the 3-axis or 2-axis “control button” which is now seen among the controls of various cameras. An exploded view of such an actuator on a part of a waterproof case is illustrated in  FIG. 9 . “Wet” control plate  15  is penetrated by 4 drilled holes where 4 magnets  4  are cemented. The “wet” control plate is trapped in the central cavity of spacer  16  by the retainer plate  14 . Spacer  16  is cemented to the waterproof case, which, in this location, is composed of two laminated layers. The inner lamination  3 B has been penetrated in 4 locations by drilled holes, which provide a sliding fit for the 4 “inner” magnets  4 . The outer lamination  3 A provides a barrier to water and pressure. A 3-axis “control button”  17  is located on camera  7 .  
         [0031]      FIG. 10  represents a cross section of the actuator assembled from components illustrated in  FIG. 9 . The camera is located inside the case such that the 4 “inner” magnets are in contact or nearly in contact with the perimeter of the “control button” at the locations intended for operation. Movement of any of the 4 “inner” magnets will tilt the “control button” in one of 4 directions. Pressure from all 4 magnets will depress the “control button”.  
         [0032]      FIG. 11  represents a cross section of the actuator illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10  after the diver/photographer&#39;s finger has caused the “control button” to tilt.  
         [0033]      FIG. 12  shows the actuator illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10  in cross section after the diver/photographer&#39;s finger has caused the “control button” to be depressed.  
         [0034]     In alternate embodiments, the magnets and their channels could have a cross-section other than cylindrical. For instance they could have a square or rectangular cross-section.  
         [0035]     Although NdFeB magnets have been used to construct prototypes, a variety of magnetic materials might provide alternate embodiments.  
         [0036]     Prototypes have been constructed from acrylic (Except for components where another material was noted). However, the substitution or addition of other materials including other plastics, glass, rubber, ceramic and various metals could provide alternate embodiments.  
         [0037]     In practice, through-drilling an acrylic sheet and then laminating it to another sheet was used as an alternative to boring a flat or square bottomed hole. Additionally, casting, molding, pressing, forming, drilling, punching, cementing, welding or other methods of construction could provide alternate embodiments.  
         [0038]     Using this invention, electronic equipment other than cameras (computer, dive computer, sound equipment, GPS etc.) could be adapted for underwater use.  
         [0039]     In the interest of brevity, examples of alternate configurations for the support of the “outer” magnet(s) have been illustrated in order to suggest the wide variety of designs and materials and construction techniques which could provide additional alternate embodiments.  
         [0040]     In the interest of brevity, a number of alternate configurations for the support of the “outer” magnet(s) have been illustrated or suggested while no alternatives have been illustrated or suggested for the “inner” magnet(s). Alternate embodiments could incorporate for the “inner” magnet, any of the configurations which have been illustrated or suggested for the “Outer” magnet.  
         [0041]     It can be seen that a different number of magnets could be used without departing from the general principal of operation but providing alternate embodiments.  
         [0042]     It can be seen that actuators for “rockers”, 2-axis “control buttons” and 3-axis “control buttons” could incorporate “inner” groups of magnets or “outer” groups of magnets which are mechanically linked (For instance, embedded in a common piece of plastic or metal) or moving independently. These variations suggest a number of alternate embodiments.  
         [0043]     In an alternate embodiment, the “outer” magnets in one or more actuators could be omitted and replaced by a single magnetic “stylus” which would be moved by the diver/photographer to actuate the desired camera control. If desired, this stylus could be attached to a tether in order to prevent loss.  
         [0044]     Various other modifications may be made to the preferred embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.