Abstract:
This relates to filter columns for isolating nucleic acids. The filter column is adapted for stable placement within the upper portion of standard plastic collection tubes of various sizes. The body of the filter column has a number of surfaces to accommodate placement within variously sized collection tubes. The filter column contains nucleic acid-specific filter which can be located at alternate regions within the filter column, providing different filter surface areas and loading volume capacities using the same column body. The filter column has an opening on an upper end adapted to be sealed by a cap. A method for recovering nucleic acids using such filter column is also provided.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    This invention relates to filtration filter columns and methods of filtering therewith. More specifically, this invention relates to system and methods for isolating nucleic acids such as ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from other materials such as enzymes, salts, buffers, small molecules, and cellular debris.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Isolation and purification of nucleic acids play a central role in modern molecular biology, and increasingly in medicine. Both laboratory and diagnostic research require the use of nucleic acids in gene cloning and genetic analysis. Many of these techniques require keeping ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) pure and free of contamination. In many instances, the availability of small amounts of starting sample material poses a problem during isolation of the nucleic acid. The limited amount of sample material makes the need to limit loss of the sample material a critical concern.  
           [0003]    A known method for isolating nucleic acids from a small amount of starting material includes the use of a spin filter column (“filter column”) that contains a nucleic acid binding material (i.e., a filter). Examples of binding material/filters include silicas like glass powder, silica particles, glass microfibers, diatomaceous earth, etc. These filters are often associated with a “filter surface area.” This filter surface area is not limited to the surface area of a side of the filter. Instead, since the filters are usually comprised of microscopic fibers, particles, porous substances, etc., the filter surface area is actually defined by the surface area of the components which comprise the filter. For example, a filter that comprises glass microfibers may have a filter surface area defined by the surface area of the microfibers within the filter (either all of the microfibers or a portion thereof).  
           [0004]    In some cases, filter columns may isolate nucleic acids directly from cells or biological tissue. In the first step a filter column is inserted into a microcentrifuge tube (e.g., a 1.5 ml tube) and a solution containing nucleic acids along with undesirable impurities is loaded into the top of the filter column. Depending upon the application, the starting material containing the nucleic acids is prepared from cells that have been treated with a disrupting solution causing the release of the nucleic acids. Alternatively, the nucleic acid solution is the product of an earlier reaction step. In either case, the nucleic acid binds to the filter column filter in the presence of a chaotropic agent. Then the filter column is centrifuged in a microcentrifuge. Centrifugation forces the solution through the filter column&#39;s filter and binds the nucleic acid to the filter. Next, the filter with the nucleic acids bound therein is washed by applying a washing solution to the top of the filter column, and centrifuging again. After each wash the filter column can be removed from the collection tube so that the collection tube may be emptied. Finally, placement of an elution buffer (usually water having a specific pH) at the top of the column and applying centrifugation elutes the nucleic acid that is bound to the filter. Given the proper pH, the nucleic acid elutes into the liquid, and then collects into the collection tube. It is important to note that the volumes of the binding and wash solutions can be relatively large, thus necessitating the use of a larger (1.5-2.0 mL) tube. On the other hand, the volumes for elution are often smaller, making it desirable to have a smaller tube for the elution step. Eluting directly into a smaller tube allows one to proceed to the next reaction step in the small tube, rather than having to pipette out of the large tube. As discussed herein, use of a pipette is undesirable as it introduces the risk of loss of samples as well as contamination of the sample. Moreover, as described herein, there are additional benefits in keeping the sample solution in a smaller tube.  
           [0005]    Several companies provide kits that include filter columns designed to use this technique for isolating nucleic acids. QIAGEN, Promega, and Boehringer Mannheim GmbH offer filter columns based on the above described principle. However, existing filter columns cannot be used interchangeably with collection tubes of different sizes. Instead, these previously known filter columns only fit into a single size collection tube (e.g., a standard 1.5-2.0 mL microcentrifuge tube.)  
           [0006]    This limitation presents a problem as many applications may benefit if a single filter column could be interchanged with collection tubes of multiple sizes. For example, given a small amount of nucleic acid in the starting material, it is best to elute the purified nucleic acid into a very small volume of fluid so that nucleic acid does not become too dilute in the fluid. Obviously, the resulting combination of elution buffer and nucleic acid will occupy a small volume. Many applications that require processing of nucleic acid may benefit when storing this small volume of material in a smaller sized collection tube. For instance, an application such as amplification of the purified DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) requires placement of the nucleic acid into a thin-walled 0.5 mL or 0.2 mL microcentrifuge tube.  
           [0007]    Accordingly, it may seem ideal to use a smaller filter column which is specifically designed to fit a 0.5 mL or 0.2 mL microcentrifuge tube. However, a significant drawback is that these smaller filter columns limit the amount of wash solution that can be passed through the column with each wash. This limitation necessitates additional wash steps and increased handling of the filter column and microcentrifuge tube, thus presenting an undesirable increased risk of contamination. Also, as discussed above, the requirement of large volumes of binding and wash solutions often necessitate the use of a larger collection tubes (e.g., a 1.5-2.0 mL microcentrifuge tube.)  
           [0008]    The remaining alternative is to use a filter column specifically designed to fit into a larger collection tube (e.g., a 1.5 mL-2.0 microcentrifuge tube.) While this alternative minimizes the additional wash steps and increased handling discussed above, the alternative presents additional problems. For instance, after purification, the nucleic acid solution must be eluted from the filter column into an appropriately sized 1.5 mL-2.0 mL microcentrifuge tube. As discussed above, many applications may benefit by storing the elution buffer and nucleic acid in a smaller sized microcentrifuge tube. Consequently, the elution buffer and nucleic acid must then be transferred (e.g., by aspiration) into a smaller (e.g. 0.5 mL) tube. Again, this extra transfer step introduces the undesirable potentials of contamination and loss of some of the nucleic acid.  
           [0009]    In view of the above, there remains a need to use different-sized collection tubes with a single filter column. The ability to use different-sized collection tubes with a single filter column overcomes the problems associated with the existing art.  
           [0010]    The invention described herein addresses the problems discussed above. Moreover, the invention described herein allows centrifugation from one filter column into at least two distinct sizes of collection tubes. The disclosed invention may be used with commercially available collection tubes.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0011]    This invention relates to filtration filter column devices and methods of filtering therewith. The invention includes a filter column filter which has a plurality of bearing surfaces along with a plurality of body portions of varying outer diameters each of which is adapted to seat on respective collection tubes of different sizes.  
           [0012]    A variation of the invention includes a lid which may be either discrete from the filter column or may be integral with the filter column body. In the latter case, the lid may be joined to the filter column body by a hinge or other member.  
           [0013]    A variation of the invention includes a filter column which contains vents within a passageway of the filter column. The vents permit placement of a lid on the filter column without increasing the pressure within the passageway thereby causing sample material to be forced out of the filter column.  
           [0014]    Another variation of the invention includes deformable ribs which may be placed about an outer surface of the filter column. Such deformable ribs may assist placement of the filter column within closely varying sizes of collection tubes.  
           [0015]    The invention includes kits for isolation of nucleic acid from a solution containing nucleic acids and contaminating material The kit contains the filter column, collection tubes, binding buffer, wash solutions and elution buffer.  
           [0016]    The invention includes a method of providing a biological material containing a nucleic acid material in a single filter column having a filter, where the filter column has a plurality of surfaces permitting the filter column to be secured within at least two collection tubes of different sizes, fitting the filter column into a first collection tube, transferring the solution containing nucleic acid to the filter of the filter column in the presence of an agent capable of promoting binding of the nucleic acid material to the filter, transferring the flow-through solution from the filter column to the first collection tube via centrifugal force, washing the filter column filter with a wash solution, removing the filter column from the first collection tube and eluting the nucleic acid material from the filter column filter, by placing the filter column in a second collection tube and applying centrifugal force. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0017]    [0017]FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate variations of filter columns of the present invention appropriate for mating with collection tubes of varying sizes.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view of a variation according to the invention.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 3 illustrates a cut-away profile view of a variation of a filter column of the present invention containing a filter.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 4 illustrates a sectional view of a filter column of the present invention removably seated in a first collection tube.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 5 illustrates a sectional view of the filter column illustrated in FIG. 4 removably seated in a second collection tube being of a different size than the first collection tube of FIG. 4.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate additional aspects of the invention that may be combined with any variation of the invention singly or in combination.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIGS. 7, 8 and  9  illustrate a method of the present invention.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 10 illustrates a filter column of the present invention for use with a laser capture microdissection device. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0025]    The following discussion of the variations of the invention and the reference to the attached drawings are for explanatory purposes and do not exhaustively represent the possible combinations and variations of the invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many variations may be derived using the following description. The following examples are intended to convey certain principles of the invention. These examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claims to any particular example. It is understood that the claims are to be given their broadest reasonable interpretation in view of the description herein, any prior art, and the knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the field.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 1A shows a profile of a variation of the present invention. In this variation, the filter column  1  includes a first body portion  3 , a second body portion  5 , and a third body portion  7 . The filter column  1  also contains a first bearing surface  9  and a second bearing surface  11  located between body portions  3 ,  5 ,  7  as illustrated. The bearing surfaces are intended to permit placement of the filter column  1  in various collection tubes (e.g., see FIGS. 4 and 5.) Accordingly, the present invention contemplates that the bearing surfaces, either alone, or along with body portion(s) adjacent to a bearing surface, serve to provide stability of a filter column within a collection tube. Such stable placement being necessary for the intended use of the filter column (e.g., during centrifugation, vacuum filtering, handling, adding/removing material, etc.) Furthermore, although bearing surfaces  9 ,  11  are located at the intersection of the respective body portions, in other variations of the invention the bearing surfaces may be located anywhere along the various body portion. As illustrated in FIG. 1B where the bearing surfaces  10 ,  12 , are located along respective body portions of a filter column  1 . Additionally, while bearing surfaces  9 ,  11 , are illustrated as being tapered, the invention is not limited as such.  
         [0027]    Variations of the invention also include filter columns with more than three body portions. The variation of the spin-column depicted in FIG. 1 further includes an outer rim  17  adjacent to a top  15  of the filter column  1 . The outer rim  17  may also provide an additional bearing surface  19  and may also aid in grasping and manipulating the filter column  1 . The bottom of the filter column may be reduced in diameter  13  to assist in retaining a filter (not shown) within the filter column  1 .  
         [0028]    It is noted that the body of the filter column may be adapted as required to accommodate any particular filtration process for example, centrifugation, vacuum filtering, or any known filtering process. For example, if a filter column of the present invention is intended for use with vacuum filtering, the filter column may also include a manifold to accommodate the vacuum. Such modifications are well known to those familiar with filter columns and methods of using such devices.  
         [0029]    The dimensions of the body portions  3 ,  7  are selected so that the filter column  1  may fit into various collection tubes that are sized for the respective body portion and bearing surface. Variations of the invention include sizing of a filter column to include body portions and bearing surfaces that accommodate both a 1.5-2.0 mL and a 0.5 mL microcentrifuge tube. An example of such tubes includes PGC Scientifics No. 16-8105-52 (1.5 mL) supplied by PGC Scientifics Corporation of Maryland, Eppendorf No. 22 36 430-8 (0.5 mL) supplied by Eppendorf AG of Germany, and Gene Amp No. N801-0611 (0.5 mL) supplied by Perkin-Elmer Life Science of Massachusetts. For example, the opening diameter for a 1.5 mL-2.0 mL microcentrifuge tube may range from 0.32-0.37 in. The opening diameter for a 0.5 mL microcentrifuge tube may range from 0.26-0.27 in. It is intended that, where appropriate, the definition of diameter of the filter column may includes any such external feature as crush ribs, buttress, collar, or any other feature that may be present on a portion of a filter column body that is intended for insertion into a collection tube.  
         [0030]    While the invention may be suited for use with the tubes described above, the invention is not limited to compatibility with such tubes. Moreover, although variations of the inventive device described herein are discussed for use with existing microcentrifuge tubes ranging in size from 0.5 mL capacity to 1.5-1.5 mL capacity, the invention is not limited as such. Instead, the inventive device may be applied to collection tubes as described herein, centrifuge tubes of any size, or any type of collection tube where a benefit from the improvements of the current invention are desirable. Furthermore, the invention may be adapted to accommodate any number of combinations of large and small collection tubes, including, but not limited to a filter column adapted to accommodate a large 0.5 mL tube and a small 0.2 mL tube, or a filter column adapted to accommodate a large 1.5 mL tube and a small 0.2 mL tube.  
         [0031]    The height of the filter columns of the present invention is selected so that the filter column along with the particular collection tube used will fit within the centrifuge apparatus (e.g., an Eppendorf 5415C centrifuge supplied by Eppendorf AG of Germany.) For example, for a 0.5 mL microcentrifuge tube to fit in the centrifuge previously listed, the height which protrudes from the 0.5 mL microcentrifuge tube (i.e., referring to FIG. 1A, the height from the top of bearing surface  11  to the top of the device) must be below 0.625 in. preferably below 0.5 in.  
         [0032]    The filter columns of the present invention may be fabricated from materials readily known to those familiar with existing filter columns. Such materials include, but are not limited to, polypropylene or polycarbonate. Polyethylene, Fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidine flouride, Polyarylene ether ketones, and co-polymers. It is often desirable to use a material which is thermoplastic to allow molding of the columns. The columns can also be machined out of appropriate materials. In some cases, it is desirable to choose materials which permit sterilization of the filter column thereby allowing the filter column, filter, and sample to be nuclease-free.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 2 illustrates the internal body structure of a variation of a filter column of the present invention. Liquid solutions may be loaded into the top of the filter column  15 . Typically, liquid solutions include the nucleotide-containing solution, wash or rinsing solutions and an elution buffer (water or TE). The nucleic acid solution can be from a lysate (e.g. isolated directly from cells), or nucleic acids from a reaction mixture. The nucleic acids from reaction mixtures could be from reactions such as PCR, DNA or RNA polymerization, reverse transcription, etc. Before being loaded onto the filter column the nucleic acid solution is usually combined with a binding buffer containing a chaotropic agent to aid in binding the nucleic acid to the filter. The compositions of binding buffers, wash or rinsing solutions and elution buffer is well known in the field and can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,075,430 to Little, 5,808,041 to Padhye, and 5,652,141 to Henco, the entirety of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference.  
         [0034]    The variation of the invention depicted in FIG. 2 also illustrates a vent  29 . The vent  29  may be located along an interior surface of a passageway  21  of a filter column  1  but will be placed in fluid communication with an exterior of the filter column  1 . The vent  29  permits venting of pressure within the passageway  21  during placement of a lid (not shown) in the top opening  15  of the filter column  1 . Without a vent, the placement of a lid could increase pressure within the passageway  21  such that sample material is forced out of the bottom  13  of the filter column  1 . Although such displacement of the material may not have an effect on the function of a device of the present invention, such an occurrence may be undesirable. It is contemplated that the device  1  may have any number of vents. These vents may be placed randomly or spaced evenly apart on a wall of a passageway. In one variation (not shown) four vents are placed at intervals of 90° along the walls of the passageway. It is further contemplated that a vent may be placed in another location in the filter column  1  or even within a lid (not shown) itself.  
         [0035]    As illustrated in FIG. 2, the filter column  1  of the present invention also allows for varying placement of a filter (not shown) within a passageway  21  of the filter column  1 . For example, placement of a filter in a bottom  23  of the second body portion  5  permits the filter column  1  to provide a certain volume capacity. The volume capacity of the filter column  1  can increase by changing the location of the filter to a bottom  25  of the third body portion  7 . Accordingly, the same filter column  1  body may be used for varying application. To maximize the volume of fluid that can be added to a filter column of the present invention, a filter can be located in the lowest chamber. Moreover, locating the filter towards a middle chamber reduces the volume of fluid that may be added but permit a larger filter surface area as the diameter of the middle chamber may be greater than the diameter of a lower chamber. For the filter, it is desirable to have a high surface area fiber glass filter, (e.g., a borosilicate glass). The filter may be one that is adapted to isolate nucleic acids from a liquid sample by, for example, centrifugation, vacuum filtering, or any other filtering method. Surface area refers to the total surface area of all the fibers and not just the area of the disk. The total surface area may range between 1,000 mm 2  and 50,000 mm 2 . Moreover, filter columns of the present invention may have a microliter capacity greater than 200 microliters. Another variation of the filter column having a microliter capacity ranging between 50 microliters and 1000 microliters. The microliter capacity is defined by the volume within a passageway of the filter column that above the filter.  
         [0036]    Securing of the filter may be accomplished, for example, by placement of a disk of porous substrate material (not shown) at position  25 . A filter membrane (not shown) is placed on top of the substrate material. Optionally, a retaining ring (not shown) is added such that there is an interference between the retaining ring and the wall of the passageway. Accordingly, the retaining ring secures the filter on the porous substrate. Another means of securing the filter is to mold an integral grating within the passageway to seat the filter. FIG. 3 illustrates placement of a filter using the porous substrate and retaining ring.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 3 illustrates a cut-away profile view of a variation of a filter column  1  of the present invention. The illustration shows a filter  29  held in the lower portion of the filter column  1 . In this variation, the filter  29  is held between a porous support membrane  31 , which has the same diameter as the interior of the lower portion of the spin filter  1 . In this variation, the support membrane  31  is retained in place by the shoulder formed by the reduced diameter of the bottom  13  of the device. The filter  29  may be fixed against the support membrane  31  by a retaining ring  33  which fits securely against the inner wall of the lower portion of the filter column  1 . The present invention is not limited to the previous illustration. It will be apparent to those skilled with previously known filter columns to provide other means of retaining the filter within a filter column. An example of a filter for use with the invention includes a borosilicate glass fiber filter. The device may also contain filters of other types such as polymeric membranes, and may also contain other functional groups for purification of the nucleic acid such as ion exchange groups or groups which would specifically bind nucleic acid sequences. Another useful material for the porous substrate is a sintered polyethylene or polypropylene as supplied by Porex of Fairbum, Ga. or GenPore of Reading, Pa. In some variations of the invention it is desirable that the porous substrate is comprised of a hydrophobic material in order to minimize holdup of the aqueous solution. It was found that pore sizes in the range of 10 micron to 150 microns worked well. The primary function of the porous material is support for the filter. It is possible to have the porous support as integral to the device. The porous support can also be in the form of an open grating.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 4 illustrates a variation of a filter column  1  of the present invention that is mated with a standard collection tube  35  of a first size (e.g., a 1.5 mL tube.) Standard collection tubes contain an integral body made of polymers such as polypropylene and have a standard inner diameter. As shown in FIG. 4, the second body portion  5  of the filter column  1  may fit securely against an inner walls of the collection tube  35 . The first bearing surface  9  may rest against a shoulder formed by a rim  37  of the collection tube  35 . Accordingly, when the tube  35  and filter column  1  spin in the centrifuge, liquid placed into the filter column  1  is forced through a filter  29  and collects in the collection tube  35 . In this variation, the sizing of the first body portion  5  along with the bearing surface  9  permits stable placement of the filter column  1  within in the collection tube  35 . After centrifugation, the filter column can be easily removed from the used collection tube, and placed into a new collection tube or placed back into the original tube.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 5 illustrates the filter column  1  of FIG. 4 placed within a collection tube  39  (e.g., a 0.5 mL tube) that is smaller than the tube illustrated in FIG. 4. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the third body portion  7  of the filter column  1  fits securely into the inner walls of the collection tube  39 . During centrifugation, a bearing surface  11  of the filter column  1  seats against a rim  41  of the collection tube  39 .  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 6A shows another variation of a filter column  42  of the present invention having features which may be applied to any variation of the invention disclosed herein. In this variation the filter column  42  includes a lid  45  having a portion  47  which may be removably secured within a first end  49  of the filter column  42 . The lid  45  may assist in preventing contamination of the filter column  42  and any solutions loaded therein. As shown, this variation of the filter column  42  contains a vent  27 . Although this variation depicts the lid  45  as being integral with the filter column  42  via a hinge  51 , the invention is not limited as such. For example, the present invention also contemplates a lid as being discrete from a filter column.  
         [0041]    As illustrated in FIG. 6A, the variation of the inventive filter column  42  also may include one or more snap-fit beads or ridges  53  to assist in retention of a lid  45 . In this variation the ridge  53  is included in the in a portion of a passageway in a first body portion  3  of the filter column  42 . As depicted in FIG. 6A, the lid  45  and hinge  51  may be attached to the underside of an outer rim  55  (e.g., subflush to the rim  55 ) of the filter column  42 . This placement allows the outer rim  55  to be mated to other devices as required. (e.g., a EtracSure™ sample extraction device useful for laser capture microdissection supplied by Arcturus Engineering of Mountain View, Calif.)  
         [0042]    Another aspect of the invention depicted in FIG. 6A is deformable ribs  57  which may be located along an outside surface of the filter column  42 . The deformable ribs  57  assist in securing the filter column  42  in a slightly larger diameter tube (e.g., a 2.0 mL tube) by increasing a diameter of the filter column  42 . Accordingly, these ribs deform upon insertion of the filter column  42  into a tube having a diameter slightly larger than the corresponding body portion upon which the ribs  57  are situated. The number and design of the deformation ribs  57  may vary as needed, however, the ribs should be placed on a portion of the filter column that accommodates the varying sizes of tubes. The invention also contemplates deformation ribs  57  which are either plastically or elastically deformable, or exhibit a limited degree of plastic or elastic deformation.  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 6B illustrates another aspect of the invention in which a filter column  59  contains at least one protrusion  61  which extends radially away from the filter column  59 . Such protrusions  61  may serve as “finger grips” to increase the ease with which the filter column  59  may be manipulated.  
         [0044]    FIGS.  7 - 9  represent a flow diagram illustrating isolation of nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA from a biological material  80  using a filter column of the present invention. FIG. 7 represents the first step of placing a lysate  82  of biological material  80  in a collection tube  84 . This lysate  82  is spun to remove large lytic debris, and the “cleared” lysate is then applied to the top of a filter column  86  of the present invention.  
         [0045]    Alternatively, the nucleic acid containing solution does not have to come directly from lysis of biological materials. This method can also purify nucleic acids following nucleic acid amplification, enzymatic restriction digestion, ligation, extension and virtually any solution containing significant nucleic acids.  
         [0046]    Where small amounts of nucleic acid solutions are used, it is desirable to pre-wet the filter column with binding buffer before applying the nucleic acid solution.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 8A illustrates the solution passing though a filter of the filter column  86  after centrifugation, during which the nucleic acids bind to the filter. The flow-through solution (from which the nucleotides have been mostly extracted) is retained at the bottom of a collection tube  88 . Generally, tubes  82 ,  84  are discarded after use. Upon removal of the filter column  86  from the tube  88 , the binding buffer (flow through) is discarded, and the filter column is replaced in a collection tube (either a new tube or the same tube). FIG. 8B represents repeated washing of the filter column  86  with a washing buffer and centrifuging after each addition of washing solution into the top of the filter column. Once again the flow-through accumulated at the bottom of the tube  88  is discarded. FIG. 9 represents the last step of transferring the filter column  86  of the present invention into a smaller 0.5 mL tube  92  and the addition of a small volume of elution buffer into the filter column  86 . As a result of the addition of the elution buffer, the nucleic acids release from the filter into the elution buffer which is centrifuged into the bottom of the 0.5 mL tube  92 . As shown in FIGS.  7 - 9 , the inventive filter column permits use of more than one collection tube.  
         [0048]    All of the centrifugation steps can take place in a standard bench-top microcentrifuge (for example, Eppendorf 5415C), usually at accelerations less than 20,000 g.  
         [0049]    The biological material used with the filter column may also be provided by laser capture microdissection extraction device as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/844,187, entitled “LASER CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION (LCM) EXTRACTION DEVICE AND DEVICE CARRIER, AND METHOD FOR POST-LCM FLUID PROCESSING,” the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference. As shown in FIG. 10, a filter column  1  attached to a LCM extraction device flange interface  94  which seats a laser capture microdissection extraction device  96 . The biological material will be located on a bottom surface of the extraction device  96 .  
         [0050]    While the present invention has been described with reference to one or more particular variations, those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Each of these embodiments and obvious various thereof are contemplated as falling within the spirit and scope of the claimed invention, which is set forth in the claims.