Abstract:
The present invention features a tracking system for currency containers in a gaming casino. Currency is received in removable containers having a memory chip for storing information such as the container ID, the ID of the gaming machine, the date and time the container was placed in a gaming machine. A mobile cart or a hand-carried unit is provided to store and transport the containers to a counting room. Data in each container&#39;s memory is verified and continuously monitored by the cart. A docking station verifies, reads, and transmits data to a remote computer and also provides a printout. All temporary data is erased from memory, and the containers are ready for reuse. Each time a container is inserted into a machine or other apparatus, a date and time is written to memory so that a complete adit trail is available.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/395,396 filed Sep. 13, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,328,149, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/259,207 filed Mar. 1, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,336,544, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/675,899, filed Jul. 5, 1996, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a currency receiving container. More particularly, the invention comprises a currency receiving container for use in conjunction with a currency accepting machine such as a gaming, vending or similar machine. The container may be removed from the currency accepting machine and interchangeably, selectively inserted into one of several other devices forming a tracking system. The currency container has a non-volatile memory device for retaining both temporary and permanent electronic records (i.e., data). The memory associated with the currency container is connected to a host machine through contact surfaces on an exterior surface of the currency container. In addition to the currency container, a mobile unit for moving multiple currency containers, a portable, hand-held receiving unit, a temporary storage facility and a docking station are provided. An audit trail of each container is maintained in the non-volatile memory throughout a valid life cycle of the container. At the conclusion of the valid life cycle, temporary portions of the data in the non-volatile memory are erased. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Certain activities, such as vending and gaming, are available to the public in commercial premises dedicated to these activities. These premises contain gaming machines which operate automatically when a patron inserts currency into the machine. Gaming machines tend to amass currency rapidly and must periodically be emptied. 
     In particular, gaming machines are available in large numbers in casinos. Large numbers of people enjoy using these machines, which may all be in use despite the number of machines available. To enable rapid reestablishment of operability after retrieval of currencies, gaming machines are generally provided with interchangeable, removable currency collection containers, or stackers or bill drops as they are sometimes called. Service personnel employed by the casino arrive at a gaming machine with an empty currency collection container, remove the full container, and insert the empty container. The full container is then taken to a counting facility for accounting and verification of its contents. 
     Many containers are often present simultaneously at the counting facility, and various strategies have heretofore been used to track which currency collection container is associated with which gaming machine. These strategies include using serial numbers affixed to the currency collection containers, either temporarily using paper or other removable tags, or permanently by printing serial numbers directly on the currency collection containers. In either case, these methods are prone to human error and mistake. 
     The casinos may easily fail to recover all the currencies theoretically present in a currency collection container. Such losses are typically due to one of two reasons. A currency collection container may have been improperly inserted into a gaming machine (i.e., misaligned) so that some collected currency has failed to enter the container. In this case, the currency may have remained within the interior of the gaming machine or may have been retrieved and pocketed by dishonest personnel servicing the machine. Other times dishonest personnel may have removed currency from within a currency collection container, even when the currencies had properly entered the container. 
     Although most casinos have automated systems utilizing one or more computers for calculating the total sum which theoretically has been amassed by the machines, these systems fall short of being able to pinpoint specific causes of loss. This is because large numbers of currency containers are received at the counting facilities, and it is difficult to identify which container is short of its calculated receipts. In other words, while it is possible to calculate that the overall sum of the collected currency falls short of the theoretical total, it is difficult or impossible to identify poorly installed currency collection containers or dishonest employees. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,234,209 for DISPENSING UNIT FOR PAPER CURRENCY, issued Aug. 10, 1993 to Peter Weigel, et al. teaches a currency cassette for dispensing currency from an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) or the like. The WEIGEL, et al. cassette contains a memory device, but other than a cassette identification, no indication is made concerning any additional intended use or other types of information which could be stored in the memory device. 
     The currency container of the invention is adapted to receive, not dispense, currency or other paper documents. The memory device in the inventive currency container, in cooperation with several other sub-systems of the inventive tracking system, is designed to store an audit trail of date, time, and machine identification information clearly showing where the container has been and during what period of time it was inserted into each device. The memory device is capable of storing several other types of electronic information as well. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,128,550 for GAMING MACHINE PAYOUT DISPENSING SYSTEM AND METHOD, issued Oct. 3, 2000 to Raymond J. Heidel, et al. teaches a cassette for containing paper tokens for payout from a gaming machine. While the HEIDEL, et al. cassette is adapted for payout rather than receiving paper documents (i.e., currency, scrip, vouchers, paper tokens, coupons, etc.), there are some functions incorporated into their cassette that are analogous to the currency container of the present invention. The HEIDEL, et al. cassette includes a memory device adapted to connect through contacts on the cassette, to the gaming machine. The HEIDEL, et al. memory device is adapted to store a unique cassette ID as well as several other types of temporary information. The HEIDEL, et al. cassette is initialized at a docking station where such information as the paper token count, the paper token denomination and the date and time the cassette was loaded is written into its memory device. 
     In contradistinction, the currency container tracking system of the present utilizes a currency container adapted to receive currency or other paper documents (e.g., bills, coupons, paper tokens, etc.), not a cassette preloaded with paper documents to be dispensed. The instant invention also features a system for tracking currency containers from their initialization (i.e., clearing of all temporary data contained in their memory chips) until they are finally emptied, typically in a secure counting room, and their contents enumerated and/or verified. Each currency container receives a time stamp upon its initial insertion into a gaming machine, thus beginning a valid life cycle. Thereafter, each currency container is periodically time stamped while in a gaming machine so that once removed, the most recent date/time information corresponds closely to the actual removal date and time. The currency containers of the invention are typically transferred to a collection cart where the data contents of each container&#39;s memory device is verified. Continuous communication is maintained with the currency containers for the duration of their stay on the collection cart. Alternately, unscheduled pickups may be required from a gaming machine, and a portable unit for carrying one or more currency containers and having all the monitoring capabilities of the collection cart is provided. Also, a temporary storage rack is available to receive and monitor currency containers and hold them until the regular counting time when the secure vault will be available. Finally, a docking station is used to print a bar coded batch slip containing a complete audit trail showing dates and times a currency container was inserted in any of the various sub-system devices of the inventive system. Finally, temporary data from the currency containers is cleared thereby ending their valid life cycle. 
     Neither of the above inventions and patents, taken either singly or in combination, is, however, seen to anticipate or suggest the instant invention as claimed. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a system for tracking individual currency containers through a facility having vending or gaming machines, each having currency acceptor units designed to receive currency from patrons of the machines. Accepted currencies are stored in removable currency containers within individual gaming machines, each container having a non-volatile memory chip attached for storing such information as a unique container ID, the ID of the gaming machine into which the currency container has been inserted, the date and time the current “valid life cycle” began, an audit trail of where the container has been, and other such information. A mobile cart is provided for securely storing and transporting multiple currency containers removed from individual gaming machines to a secure counting facility. The non-volatile memory device on each currency container is communicatively connected to the mobile cart so that the information in the memory may be read and verified. In addition, the status of each currency container is continuously monitored by the mobile cart. Also provided is a docking station where the memory contents may be read and a printout made. In addition, a secure storage apparatus, similar to the mobile cart but designed for stationary storage and continuous monitoring of currency containers is provided. Each time a currency container visits a station adapted to read and/or write to the non-volatile memory chip, the container&#39;s history may be read and a determination made as to whether the container should currently be at the particular station. An alarm may be sounded to signal that human intervention is required for the container when required. At the end of a useful life cycle, all temporary data is erased from each memory device, and the erased (except for the permanent currency container ID) currency containers are ready for reuse in a gaming machine. The inventive system provides a complete audit trail, tracking a currency container through its useful life cycle from installation in a gaming machine to its emptying and the erasure of its temporary data. The data and time is recorded each time the currency container is installed in and removed from each machine, monitoring unit and transporting unit and/or temporary storage facility. 
     Accordingly, it is a principal object of the invention to provide a currency container having a non-volatile memory device. 
     It is another object of the invention to provide a currency container having a non-volatile memory device containing a permanent currency container ID. 
     It is a further object of the invention to provide a series of devices adapted to receive a currency container and read from and/or write to the container&#39;s non-volatile memory device. 
     Still another object of the invention is to provide an electronics package for installation in a gaming, vending, or similar currency accepting machine to allow reading from and writing to the non-volatile memory device when the currency container of the present invention is installed in the gaming machine. 
     An additional object of the invention is to provide an electronics package for installation in a gaming, vending, or similar currency accepting machine which can perform checking of the data stored in the non-volatile memory device when the currency container is installed in the gaming machine. 
     It is again an object of the invention to provide a mobile cart for receiving and electronically monitoring a large number of currency containers removed from gaming machines and for transporting the currency containers to a secure counting facility. 
     It is another object of the invention to optionally provide a hand held carrier for receiving and electronically monitoring a small number of currency containers removed from gaming machines and facilitating their transport to a counting facility. 
     It is an additional object of the invention to optionally provide a temporary storage facility for currency containers for monitoring containers between predefined counting times when a casino&#39;s vault is typically open. 
     It is yet another object of the invention to provide a docking station for initializing currency containers by erasing all temporary data stored in their memory devices. 
     It is again an object of the invention to provide a docking station for having a computer interface for transmitting the contents of a currency container&#39;s memory device to an external computer. 
     It is a further object of the invention to provide a docking station for having an integrated printer for printing at least some of the data from a currency container&#39;s memory device. 
     It is another object of the invention to provide a docking station having a data correction facility allowing recovery from at least simple data errors. 
     These and other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following specification and drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various other objects, features, and attendant advantages of the present invention will become more fully appreciated as the same become better understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the several views, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic perspective view of the currency container for use with the tracking system of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a bottom, plan view of the currency container of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIGS. 3   a  and  3   b  are front elevational and side cross-sectional views, respectively, of the currency container of  FIG. 1  installed proximate a bill acceptor in a portion of a gaming machine; 
         FIG. 4  is a simplified block diagram showing the electrical interconnection of the currency container of  FIG. 1  to an ID/Data Unit; 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram of the ID/Data Unit forming part of the invention; 
         FIG. 6  is flow chart of the steps performed when the currency container of  FIG. 1  is initially installed in a gaming machine; 
         FIG. 7   a  is a side elevational view of a mobile unit designed to receive the currency containers as shown in FIG.  1 . 
         FIG. 7   b  is an enlarged view of a portion of the mobile unit of  FIG. 7   a;    
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a hand-carried currency container transporting and monitoring unit; 
         FIG. 9  is a front elevational schematic view of a temporary storage unit; 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic block diagram of a Validation and Tracking Unit (VTU) for use in the mobile cart of  FIG. 7   a , the hand-carried monitoring unit of FIG.  8  and the temporary storage unit of  FIG. 9 ; 
         FIG. 11  is a flow chart showing the step of validating and monitoring a currency container; 
         FIG. 12   a  is a perspective view of a docking station; and 
         FIG. 12   b  a side, cross-sectional view of the docking station of  FIG. 12   a.    
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention relates to a system for tracking currency containers in an environment such as a gaming casino. Each currency container has an attached non-volatile memory device which stores a mix of both permanent and non-permanent data. Six components are provided for cooperative use in the inventive tracking system: a currency container, an ID/Data Unit for installation in a gaming machine, a mobile unit for collecting and monitoring currency containers, a portable collection unit, a temporary storage unit and a docking station. Each of these components are described in detail hereinbelow. 
     Referring first to  FIG. 1 , there is shown a perspective view of a typical removable currency container  100  suitable for use within and in cooperation with a currency acceptor (e.g., a bill validator) in a vending, gaming, or similar machine. Such currency containers are well known in the art and are widely used in gaming, vending, and similar machines. A memory device  102  is shown attached to the exterior of the bottom surface of container  100 . A pair of electrical contacts  104 , corresponding to data and ground reference, are disposed on the bottom surface of memory device  102 . In the embodiment chosen for purposes of disclosure a Dallas Semiconductor iButton™ type DS1994 NVRAM device has been used. This iButton™ device provides 4 KBits of non-volatile memory as well as built-in real time clock, interval timer and cycle counter functions. It is housed in a stainless steel enclosure and requires only a single data line and ground reference to function. Energy to operate the device is either scavenged from the data line to which the device is attached, or may be provided by a built-in lithium cell. A device such as the iButton™ is ideal for this application. Not only is it physically rugged, but only two electrical contacts must be provided to read and/or write data to and from its memory. It has a large enough memory capacity so that a detailed audit trail may easily be stored and, because it is self-powered, the memory contents are preserved even when the chip is removed from a power source (i.e., a signal line) for extended periods of time. It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that other non-volatile memory devices such as flash memory and EPROMs to be used in this application. 
     In the preferred embodiment, memory chip  102  is placed on the bottom of container  100 . This is convenient because the weight of container  100  helps maintain contact with a mating contact pad as will be described in detail hereinbelow. It should be obvious that memory device  102  could be placed anywhere on the outside surface of currency container  100  as long as suitable mating contacts are provided. In alternate embodiments, memory device  102  could be placed within currency container  100  if a suitable external contact system and interconnecting wiring to memory device  102  were provided. While two electrical contacts are provided, the use of alternate memory devices may necessitate other electrical contact configurations. It will also be recognized by those of skill in the data communications art, that contactless interconnections systems could also be used in this application. Typical contactless system included those using radiant energy (e.g., infrared), or an inductive or radio frequency communication link. 
       FIG. 2  shows a bottom view of currency container  100  with memory device  102  and contacts  104 . It should also be obvious that memory device  102  could be located at other positions on the bottom surface of currency container  100 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 3   a  and  3   b , there are shown front elevational and side sectional schematic views, respectively, of currency container  100  in an operating position within a portion of a currency accepting machine. Currency accepting machines include gaming, vending, and similar types of machines. The term gaming machine will be used hereinafter to include gaming as well as vending and other similar machines capable of accepting currency and providing a product or service in return therefor. Currency acceptor  106 , often also called a bill validator, is positioned adjacent to, typically above, currency container  100  in a bill validator compartment  108 . Contacts  104  of memory device  102  mate with matching contacts  110  disposed on the floor of bill validator compartment  108 . Contacts  104 ,  110  are designed so that a wide tolerance is available for inserting currency container into bill validator compartment  108  while still maintaining a reliable electrical connection between the contacts  104  and  110 . That is, unlike traditional male/female connector portions, non-specific alignment is provided between contacts  104  and  110 . 
     In alternate embodiments, non-contact interconnection of memory device  102  with external circuitry (not shown) could be used. Radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), inductive, or other interconnection techniques such as are well known to those skilled in the art could be used to provide a non-physical connection. These techniques could be particularly useful if memory device  102  were moved from the bottom of currency container  100  to an alternate location. 
     Referring now also to  FIG. 4 , there is shown a simplified schematic block diagram showing the interconnection of memory device  102  to electrical circuitry within a gaming machine (not shown). An electronic circuit board  112  containing the necessary circuitry to read from and write to memory device  102  is housed within the gaming machine, typically within bill validator compartment  108 . This circuit board is called the ID and Data Unit (ID/DU)  112  in the embodiment chosen for purposes of disclosure. ID/DU  112  is connected to memory device  102  by cable  114  through contacts  104  and  110 . Currency acceptor  106  generally has an electrical interface  116  which provides various signals to both control and data circuits (not shown) within the gaming machine. These existing circuits may vary from gaming machine to gaming machine and form no part of the present invention. Although in the embodiment chosen for purposes of disclosure ID/DU  112  is designed for self contained, stand-alone operation, it may, optionally, be connected to interface  116  of currency acceptor  106  through cable  118  shown in phantom to signify its optional nature. It should be noted that this optional connection represents a generic, non-specific connection to interface  116  and represents any and all necessary interconnections between ID/DU  112  and any circuitry within currency acceptor  106  or other gaming machine circuitry (not shown). Methods for connecting additional circuitry to internal circuitry within a bill validator  106  or a gaming machine itself are well known to those skilled in the art. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5 , there is shown a schematic block diagram of a typical ID/DU unit  112 . A logic unit  120  is connected to contacts  110  via connection  114 . Contacts  110  are adapted to make electrical connection with contacts  104  ( FIG. 4 ) of memory device  102 . Logic unit  120  may be a microprocessor, a microcontroller, or other similar circuitry and is assumed to included all ancillary circuitry (e.g., memory, etc.) necessary to function as a logic unit. The design, construction, programming, interconnection and operation of such logic units are well known to those skilled in the art. A unique ID unit  122  is connected to an input/output (I/O) port of logic unit  120 . ID unit  122  contains a unique identifying code such as a machine number, etc. associated with the gaming machine into which ID/DU  112  has been installed. ID unit  122  could contain any type of PROM or similar programmable device within which the unique code may be stored. In the embodiment chosen for purposes of disclosure, it is assumed that ID unit  122  has been programmed externally to ID/DU  112 . In alternate embodiments, a programming interface (not shown) could be provided so that ID unit  122  could be programmed within ID/DU  112 . Also connected to an I/O port of logic unit  120  is a time generator unit  124 , typically a real time clock (RTC). Status indicators  126  are also connected to an I/O port of logic unit  120 . While status indicators  126  are typically LED indicators, it should be obvious that other type of indicators or displays could also be used. Power for operation of logic unit  120  is provided by power supply  128 . Power supply  128  represents any source of available power for the operation of logic unit  120 . It should be obvious that the necessary operating power for ID/DU  112  could be provided by existing power supplies within the gaming machine as well as from dedicated power supplies or other power sources. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6 , there is shown a simplified flow chart describing the steps for installing and using currency container  100  in a gaming machine. In operation, currency container  100  is initialized, step  200 , using apparatus and procedures to be described in detail hereinbelow. At a minimum, the initialization operation erases all previous temporary data stored in memory device  102 . The currency container ID is considered permanent data and remains constant throughout the service life of the currency container  100 . After currency container  100  has been initialized, it may be installed in any compatible gaming machine, step  202 , in a manner well known to service personnel in gaming casinos. Once contacts  104  and  110  have been properly mated during the insertion process (i.e., currency container  100  is securely in place within bill acceptor compartment  108 ), communication is initiated by ID/DU  112  and memory device  102  is interrogated, step  204 . ID/DU  112  checks to ensure that all previous temporary data has been erased and that the memory device  102  has been properly initialized. Assuming that memory device  102  has been properly initialized, ID/DU  112  writes the identification code for the gaming machine (not shown) into which currency container  100  has just been inserted, step  206 . This gaming machine ID information may either be stored within ID/DU  112  or may be obtained from the gaming machine itself. In addition, the current date and time (i.e., the date and time of arrival in the gaming machine) is also written into memory device  102 , step  206 . 
     If, however, there is existing data in memory device  102 , a bad cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value is detected, or some other problem such as improper insertion, etc. is detected, an alarm is provided to alert service personnel of the problem, step  208 . Typically, visual status indicators  126  ( FIG. 5 ) are provided on ID/DU  112  showing at least the good/bad status of memory device  102  or the data stored therein. These indicators  126  ( FIG. 5 ) could also be provided external to the gaming machine to facilitate quick response to a problem with the machine. In alternate embodiments, a local audible alarm (not shown) could be sounded. In still other embodiments, a error message could be sent to a central monitoring area (not shown) over a network (not shown) interconnecting a number of gaming machines (not shown). However, because checking step  204  is performed substantially simultaneously with the insertion of currency container  100 , indicators  126  within the machine near currency container  100  are generally sufficient because the service person will not yet have closed the machine cover when the error is detected. 
     Currency container  100  remains in the gaming machine until either it is full or it is removed as part of a periodic removal process. During the period that currency container  100  is installed, the current date and time are periodically written into memory device  102 , step  210 . This process continues until currency container  100  is removed from the gaming machine, step  212 . The last date and time written into memory device  102 , step  210 , will, effectively, be the date and time at which currency container  100  was removed from the gaming machine. 
     It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other parameters could be written into memory device  102  as well. For example, the bill count and a calculated total amount of money in currency container  100  could both be stored in memory device  102 . Many other types of data could be stored in memory device  102  as required for a specific operating environment or circumstance. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 7   a  and  7   b , there are shown a mobile cart ( FIG. 7   a ), generally at reference  300 , and a detailed view ( FIG. 7   b ) of a portion of the mobile cart of  FIG. 7   a . Mobile cart  300  could be either self-propelled or adapted to be towed behind a tractor or similar vehicle. The use of mobile collection carts in casinos or the like is well known and any suitable cart could be modified to provide the functions present in the cart of the instant invention. Cart  300  has a number of slots  302  adapted to receive currency containers  100 . In the embodiment chosen for purposes of disclosure, cart  300  is anticipated to have  250  or more slots  302 . In alternate embodiments, as few as 10 or as many as 1000 containers could be housed in cart  300 . Locking mechanisms (not shown) could be provided to individually physically secure each currency container  100  into a slot  302  in mobile cart  300 . Such locking mechanisms are well known to those skilled in the art. Each slot  302  is provided with data contacts  310 , whereby each currency container  100  is electrically connected to an on-board controller, typically Validation and Tracking Unit (VTU)  360  ( FIG. 10 ) on mobile cart  300 . Mobile cart  300  is free to traverse the floor of a casino or similar area so that currency containers  100  may be systematically removed from successive gaming machines and loaded into slots  302  of cart  300 . 
     Once a currency container  100  is removed from a gaming machine and inserted into an empty slot  302  on mobile cart  300 , communications is established with memory device  102  on each currency container  100  through contacts  104  and  310 . The memory device  102  of each currency container  100  being loaded into a slot  302  of mobile cart  300  is immediately interrogated to insure that the container  100  meets the criteria for being a valid container. Such information as the container&#39;s ID number, the validity of the date/time window during which currency container  100  reports being in a gaming machine, a valid CRC number, as well as other checks of the data integrity and container validity. Indicators  126  near each currency container  100  provide status information about the container and the validity of the data within the container&#39;s memory device. 
     In a typical casino, gaming parlor, or similar establishment, gaming machines are emptied periodically and systematically. A schedule is established that optimizes, to the greatest extent possible, the availability of the machine(s) to the patrons thereof. There are circumstances, however, when one or more individual machines out of hundreds or even thousands of machines on the floor requires non-scheduled emptying. These “emergencies” are handled on an individual basis using the portable container collection unit  320  shown in FIG.  8 . Collection unit  320  has a housing  322  and is equipped with a handle  324  to provide ease of movement. One or more container receiving slots  302 , essentially identical to slots  302  of mobile unit  300  ( FIG. 7   a ). Each collection unit  320  may have as few as one slot  302 , or as many as four as shown in the embodiment chosen for purposes of disclosure. It should be obvious that varying numbers of slots  302  could be provided to meet a particular operating circumstance or environmental need, although four slots  302  provide a collection unit  320  which may still be readily carried by a service person, even when all fours slots  302  are occupied by currency containers  100 . Contacts  310  are provided to electrically interconnect with contacts  104  ( FIG. 1 ) of currency container  100 . Indicators  326  provide identical functions as do indicators  326  on mobile unit  300 . In summary, there is little functional difference in operation between mobile unit  300  with, perhaps,  250  slots  302  and collection unit  320  with four slots  302 , other than the different number of currency containers  100  which may be accommodated within each different type unit. 
     Because most cash is collected from gaming machines during the aforementioned regular collection times, the casino&#39;s vault may be accessible only during these specific, predetermined times. This means that currency containers  100  collected at random times (relative to the normal collection schedule) may need to be securely stored until the next counting time period. 
     To accomplish this, a temporary storage unit  340  is shown in FIG.  9 . Temporary storage unit  340  is similar in design to mobile unit  300  ( FIG. 7   a ) except it is designed to be semi-permanently installed in the casino&#39;s secure counting room or a similar location. Complete monitoring of currency containers  100  is performed by temporary storage unit  340  in a manner essentially identical to portable collection unit  320  ( FIG. 8 ) and mobile unit  300  ( FIG. 7   a ) 
     In operation, mobile unit  300 , portable collection unit  320  and temporary storage unit  340  perform essentially identically. In the following discussion, the term monitoring unit will be used to apply to any of the three devices. When a currency container  100  is first inserted into an open slot  302  of the monitoring unit, electrical contact is made between contacts  104  of currency container  100  and contacts  310  of the monitoring unit. Communication is established between the validation and tracking unit (VTU)  360  as shown in FIG.  10 . This circuitry, represented in schematic block diagrammatic form, is generally similar to the circuitry of FIG.  5 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 10 , there is shown a schematic block diagram of a typical VTU  360 . A logic unit  362  is connected to contacts  310  which are adapted to make electrical connection with contacts  104  ( FIG. 4 ) of memory device  102 . Logic unit  362  may be a microprocessor, a micro-controller, or other similar circuitry and is assumed to included all ancillary circuitry (e.g., memory, etc.) necessary to function as a logic unit. The design, construction, programming, interconnection and operation of such logic units are well known to those skilled in the art. A unique ID unit  364  is connected to an input/output (I/O) port of logic unit  362 . ID unit  364  contains a unique identifying code for the monitoring unit. This unique code may identify the entire monitoring unit or, in alternate embodiments, each slot  302  of the monitoring unit may be uniquely identified. ID unit  364  could contain any type of PROM or similar programmable device within which the unique code may be stored. In the embodiment chosen for purposes of disclosure, it is assumed that ID unit  364  has been programmed externally to VTU  360 . In alternate embodiments, a programming interface (not shown) could be provided so that ID unit  364  could be programmed within VTU  360 . Also connected to an I/O port of logic unit  362  is a time generator unit  366 , typically a real time clock (RTC). Status indicators  326  are also connected to an I/O port of logic unit  360 . Power for operation of logic unit  360  is provided by power supply  368 . Power supply  368  represents any source of available power for the operation of logic unit  360 . Power supply  368  will typically consist of rechargeable batteries (not shown) for use in mobile unit  300  and portable container collection unit  320 . Temporary storage unit  340  generally would use a conventional power supply connected an AC line. 
     Because one important function of the monitoring units  300 ,  320 ,  340  is validation of a currency container  100 , validation criteria is stored in a validation criteria memory device  370  connected to logic unit  362 . The information stored within memory device  370  includes a database containing a list of every valid currency container  100  ID currently defined within the casino. A casino or similar establishment may be subdivided into separate regions or venues, and the databases could be different in different venues. This prevents a currency container  100  from one venue from being inserted into a slot  302  of a validating unit assigned to a different venue without immediate detection. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 11 , there is shown a flowchart of a typical data validation procedure, generally at reference number  400 . Control unit  360  ( FIG. 10 ) monitors multiple sets of contacts  310 , generally using a multiplexor as is well known to those skilled in the art, for the presence of a currency container  100  being inserted into an empty slot  302 , step  402 . When the presence of a currency container  100  is sensed, controller  360  attempts to establish communications with the newly-added currency container  100 , step  404 . If communications are unsuccessful, step  406 , a timer is set, step  408  for a predetermined timeout. During the predetermined time, communication success will periodically be rechecked, step  410 . If communication has still not been established, step  410 , the timer is checked, step  412  to see if the predetermined time has been exceeded. If the time is up (i.e, the predetermined time has been exceeded), an alarm is raised, step  414 . Otherwise, control unit  360  waits a short, predetermined time, step  416 , and control is passed back to block  410 . 
     If, however, communication is successfully established, step  406  or  410 , control is passed to block  418  where the currency container&#39;s  100  ID data is read from its memory device  102 . If an invalid currency container  100  ID is detected, step  420 , an alarm is raised, step  414 . If however, a valid currency container  100  is detected, a valid date/time window is computed using information from time generator unit  366  (FIG.  10 ), step  422 . Date and time information is read from the memory device  102  of currency container  100 , step  424 . If the date/time information for the currency container  100  is not within the computed window, step  426 , an alarm is raised, step  414 . If, however, the date/time information is within the computed window, the currency container  100  is logged in, and the ID of the monitoring unit, the current date and time, as well as any other required data is written into memory device  102  of currency container  100 , step  428 . Control is again passed to step  402  where the insertion of another currency container  100  is awaited. 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 12   a  and  12   b , there are shown perspective and side, cross-sectional views, respectively, of a docking station, generally at reference number  500 . Docking station  500  is the final type of apparatus adapted for use with currency container  100  and is typically located in a secure counting room or similar location. Each currency container  100 , after being electronically “released” from a monitoring unit, is placed into docking station  500 . As best seen in  FIG. 12   b , mating contacts  510  are provided for electrical interconnection with contacts  104  on memory device  102 . As is the case when a currency container  100  is placed into any monitoring unit, its validity is ascertained in a manner similar to that described hereinabove. Docking station  500  is equipped with an interface, symbolized by connector  502 , for connecting to a digital computer (not shown). All information stored in memory device  102  associated with the currency container  100  is typically downloaded and stored in a computer database (not shown) for later retrieval and possible analysis. If a data error is encountered, an operator may be able to repair the data using the keypad  504  located on docking station  500 . While LED indicators have been shown for purposes of disclosure, it will be obvious that alternate forms of indicators or displays could also be used. If, however, the data error is unrepairable, the operator is notified by indicators or display  506  on docking station  500 . It should be obvious that in alternate embodiments that docking station  500  could be equipped with a textual or graphic display using a CRT, LCD or similar display device. These devices could give specific directions to an operator as to how a particular currency container  100  should be handled. 
     Once the validity of the data in memory device  502  is established, a bar coded printout  508  is made by built-in printer  510 . Printout  508  containing the complete history (i.e., the audit trail) of currency container  100  during its valid life cycle. Printout  508  is united with and typically accompanies the contents of currency container  100  for further processing in the casino counting room. 
     Finally, after all data in memory device  102  has been verified, sent to the computer database, and printed onto printout  508 , all non-permanent data stored in memory device  102  is erased, thereby ending the valid life cycle of currency container  100 . Typically, the only data remaining in memory device  102  will be the currency container ID. Currency container  100  is now out of service and is ready for installation in a gaming machine as required. Such an insertion into a gaming machine then begins a new valid life cycle for currency container  100 . 
     It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the following claims.