Abstract:
A method, system and computer program product are provided for implementing block extent granularity authorization model processing in Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) adapters. The CAPI adapter includes an authorization table and a file system authorization function to authenticate data access for a client at an extent granularity and to prevent an application from accessing unauthorized data in the CAPI adapter. Each authorization table entry provides for the CAPI client, a CAPI client identification (ID), a CAPI server register space assigning resource ownership to the CAPI client with a CAPI set of allowed functions.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates generally to the data processing field, and more particularly, relates to a method, computer system and computer program product for implementing block extent granularity authorization model processing in Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI). 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
       [0002]    Persistent secondary storage is a component of virtually all computer systems. This storage is usually a block device such as a hard disk drive or flash storage device. Storage adapters often are used to connect a host computer system to peripheral storage I/O devices such as hard disk drives, solid state drives, tape drives, compact disk drives, and the like. 
         [0003]    In a traditional computer system an application that needs to read or write data to the block device makes an Operating System (OS) and/or File System (FS) call to read or write the requested blocks of data. The Operating System or File System is a Trusted part of the computer system and as part of a Read/Write request will verify or authenticate that the application is allowed to access the requested blocks of data. If the authentication is successful, the OS will build a command for the Read/Write request and send the command to the Host Bus Adapter (HBA) to service. Since the HBA can only receive commands from the OS, the HBA knows that the requested range of Blocks has been authenticated and is safe to execute the command. 
         [0004]    IBM has introduced a new Block Device I/O model as part of the OpenPOWER Foundation. This new Block Device I/O model uses Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) technology. CAPI allows an application to build a Read/Write command for an input/output adapter (IOA) and send it directly to the IOA, bypassing the OS/FS and as such also bypasses the traditional authentication. Without authentication, an application can get to data that it should not be allowed to access. For example, in a server system that contains proprietary data for a first competitor and a second competitor, the lack of authentication would allow the first competitor to access second competitor&#39;s data. 
         [0005]    Current techniques for block device authorization outside of an OS/FS use out-of-band techniques such as zoning having a granularity level of the block device or Logical Unit (LUN). 
         [0006]    A need exists for an effective mechanism to implement authorization for a Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) adapter in a computer system. It is desirable that such mechanism enables effective and efficient utilization of the CAPI adapter, bypassing many host CPU requirements for performing  10  operations. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    Principal aspects of the present invention are to provide a method, system and computer program product for implementing block extent granularity authorization in Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) adapters to prevent an application from accessing unauthorized data. Other important aspects of the present invention are to provide such method, system and computer program product substantially without negative effects and that overcome many of the disadvantages of prior art arrangements. 
         [0008]    In brief, a method, system and computer program product are provided for implementing block extent granularity authorization model processing in Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) adapters. The CAPI adapter includes an authorization table and a file system authorization function to authenticate data access for a client at an extent granularity and to prevent an application from accessing unauthorized data in the CAPI adapter. Each authorization table entry provides for the CAPI client, a CAPI client identification (ID), a CAPI server register space assigning resource ownership to the CAPI client with a CAPI set of allowed functions. 
         [0009]    In accordance with features of the invention, the CAPI server register space includes CAPI service registers defining client authorization for each extent or a range of Logical Block Addresses in the CAPI adapter system bus address space. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]    The present invention together with the above and other objects and advantages may best be understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention illustrated in the drawings, wherein: 
           [0011]      FIGS. 1A and 1B , and  FIG. 1C  respectively illustrates an example computer for implementing Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) authorization in a CAPI adapter and an example CAPI authorization handle array elements in accordance with the preferred embodiments; 
           [0012]      FIGS. 2A and 2B  illustrates example CAPI authorization operations to validate a command in accordance with the preferred embodiments; 
           [0013]      FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E and 3F  illustrates example read command with CAPI authorization model and authentication process operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments; 
           [0014]      FIG. 4  illustrates example CAPI authorization model processing operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments; 
           [0015]      FIG. 5  illustrates example CAPI authorization initialization processing operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments; 
           [0016]      FIG. 6  illustrates example CAPI authorization processing operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments; 
           [0017]      FIG. 7  illustrates example CAPI authorization command flow processing operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments; 
           [0018]      FIG. 8  illustrates example CAPI authorization enforcement processing operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments; 
           [0019]      FIG. 9  illustrates example CAPI authorization mechanism and processing operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments; 
           [0020]      FIG. 10  illustrates example CAPI deauthorization processing operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments; 
           [0021]      FIGS. 11A and 11B  illustrate example CAPI authorization read command processing operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments; and 
           [0022]      FIG. 12  is a block diagram illustrating a computer program product in accordance with the preferred embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0023]    In the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate example embodiments by which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. 
         [0024]    The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
         [0025]    In accordance with features of the invention, a method, system and computer program product are provided for implementing Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) authorization in a CAPI adapter in accordance with the preferred embodiments. 
         [0026]    Having reference now to the drawings, in  FIGS. 1A and 1B , there is shown an example computer system generally designated by the reference character  100  for implementing Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) authorization in a CAPI adapter  102  in accordance with the preferred embodiments. Computer system  100  includes one or more processors  104 , or central processor units (CPUs)  104  (one shown) coupled to a system memory  106  and coupled by an I/O hub or Coherent Attach Processor Proxy (CAPP)  108  and Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCI-Express or PCIE) connection to the CAPI adapter  102 . The CAPI adapter  102  includes an Authorization Table  112  containing multiple Authorization Entries to implement authorization in accordance with the preferred embodiments. 
         [0027]    As shown in  FIG. 1B , computer system  100  includes an example storage stack  120  including user CAPI client  122 , an operating system  124  including a file system  126 , a hypervisor  128  coupled by CAPI/PCIE interface block  130  to the CAPI adapter  102 , which includes a file system authorization function  132  in accordance with the preferred embodiments. The CAPI/PCIE interface block  130  includes a CAPI transport mechanism that rides on top of a system transport mechanism or PCIE. The CAPI client  122  is a unique system entity that has a separately identified set of permissions to access CAPI adapter function. 
         [0028]    Referring also to  FIG. 1C , the authorization table  112  includes authorization entries  140  to implement authorization in accordance with the preferred embodiments. The illustrated example authorization entry  140  includes a CAPI Client user ID  150 , a CAPI server register space  152  including resource and extents information and a CAPI set of allowed functions  154  including allowed access types in accordance with the preferred embodiments. 
         [0029]    In accordance with features of the invention, the CAPI server register space  152  is CAPI adapter system bus address space that contains multiple copies of register(s) that can be used to start a command. Each copy is referred to as CAPI Server registers. Each CAPI Server registers have access to only the adapter Functions that the specific CAPI Server registers have previously been authorized to. 
         [0030]    In accordance with features of the invention, a CAPI client ID is an index to a specific copy of CAPI Server registers. One or more of the CAPI Clients is identified as Master Client(s). The CAPI Server registers for the Master Client are used to perform CAPI adapter initialization functions and these specific CAPI Server registers have access to all CAPI adapter functions. 
         [0031]    Referring now to  FIGS. 2A and 2B , there are shown example CAPI authorization operations to validate a command in accordance with the preferred embodiments. In  FIG. 2A , example CAPI authorization operations to validate a command are generally designated by the reference character  200 . Validation is done by the host, only authorized contexts may write to the given MMIO space  202  shown in  FIG. 2A  and as indicated in a block  222  in  FIG. 2B . In  FIG. 2A , an IO Adapter Request Control Block (IOARCB)  206  contains an authorization handle  208 . As indicated at block  222  in  FIG. 2B  and shown with authorization entry  140  in  FIG. 2A , trusted handle data contains CAPI Server ID  214  and Resource and Range  212 . As indicated in a block  224 , MMIO Space  202  is indexed by CAPI Server ID  214 . As indicated in a block  226 , Process Element  216  shown in  FIG. 2A , is indexed by CAPI Server ID. As indicated in a block  228 , Process Element  216  contains information needed to translate host Effective Address to physical address. 
         [0032]    Referring now to  FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E and 3F , there are shown example read command operations including CAPI authorization model and authentication process operations for a read command in accordance with the preferred embodiments. 
         [0033]    In  FIG. 3A , example CAPI authorization operations for the read command are generally designated by the reference character  300 . Example CAPI authorization operations  300  are shown with a user  302 , OS  304 , hypervisor  306 , and CAPI adapter  102 . Assume the OS is the “owning” context as indicated in a block  310  in  FIG. 3B . As indicated in a block  312 , User does a syscall to “open” the file/hdisk. OS does an hcall to add the user&#39;s context to the context list as indicated in a block  314 . The hypervisor adds user&#39;s context to context list as indicated in a block  316 . The hypervisor does CAPI process to add the context into the adapter as indicated in a block  318 . 
         [0034]    In  FIG. 3C , example CAPI authorization operations for the read command are generally designated by the reference character  320 . Example CAPI authorization operations  320  are shown with user  302 , OS  304 , hypervisor  306 , and CAPI adapter  102 . In  FIG. 3D , as indicated in a block  322 , the hypervisor returns the user&#39;s CAPI ID. The OS does a request to the adapter to “create authorization” and OS supplies User CAPI ID, and supplies resource and extents to add the authorization as indicated in a block  324 . The adapter allocates an authorization handle for each extent and fill in the CAPI ID and extent information as indicated in a block  326 . As indicated in a block  328 , the adapter returns the new user authorization handle(s) to the operating system. 
         [0035]    In  FIG. 3E , example CAPI authorization operations for the read command are generally designated by the reference character  330 . Example CAPI authorization operations  330  are shown with user  302 , OS  304 , hypervisor  306 , and CAPI adapter  102 . In  FIG. 3F , as indicated in a block  332  OS returns authorization handle to the user. User sends a request to the adapter to issue the read as indicated in a block  334 . Adapter uses the CAPI ID to identify which context to use as indicated in a block  336 . Adapter uses the context to translate the host request address as indicated in a block  340 . 
         [0036]    As indicated in a block  342 , adapter fetches the IO Adapter Request Control Block (IOARCB). Adapter gets the authorization handle from the IOARCB as indicated in a block  344 . Adapter verifies the authorization handle is the current version (all bits match) as indicated in a block  346 . 
         [0037]    As indicated in a block  348  adapter verifies the authorization handle is for the CAPI ID that was used. Adapter verifies that the range for the request is allowed (data in the authorization handle data) as indicated in a block  350 . Adapter does the read as indicated in a block  352 . Adapter translates the address and sends the data to the host (into the user&#39;s memory) as indicated in a block  354 . Adapter writes a queue, writes a memory location, generates an interrupt or whatever the desired completion as indicated in a block  356 . 
         [0038]    In accordance with features of the invention, the CAPI authorization model is based on split enforcement of rights, as illustrated and described with respect to  FIG. 4 . 
         [0039]    Referring now to  FIG. 4 , there are shown example CAPI authorization model operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments starting at a block  400 . As indicated in a block  402 , the Trusted OS enforces which CAPI Server registers can be accessed by which Clients. This is accomplished by, for example mapping a virtual address for a Client to a CAPI Server register space. As indicated in a block  404 , the Parent Client (initially the Master Owning Client) notifies the CAPI adapter  102  of which functions are allowed for a Child&#39;s CAPI Server. As indicated in a block  406 , the Parent Client sends a command or command(s) to a its previously authorized CAPI Server register space identifying the Functions, Commands, Extents, allowed to be sent to the new Child&#39;s CAPI Server register space. As indicated in a block  408 , the adapter generates and returns opaque Authorization Handle tokens as appropriate for each requested authorization element. The Authorization Handle is encoded in an implementation unique way to optimize authentication performance on the Read/Write commands. As indicated in a block  410 , the adapter enforces the functions allowed on each command sent to a CAPI Server register space. At block  410 , the Client sets the appropriate “Authorization Handle” in the Command; and the adapter uses the “Authorization Handle” to validate the command is allowed to be executed by the receiving CAPI Server register space. 
         [0040]    Referring now to  FIG. 5 , there are shown example CAPI authorization initialization process operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments starting at a block  500 . As indicated in a block  502  adapter reset completes, and the Trusted OS Boot process transitions the adapter into CAPI mode and identifies a Master Owning Client component and the adapter CAPI Server Register space assigned to the Master Owning Client. The Master Owning Client is default authorized to all Devices and functions under control of the adapter as indicated in a block  504 . The Master Owning Client is identified as trusted as indicated in a block  506 . As indicated in a block  508 , the Trusted OS creates an address mapping for the Master Owning Client to access the CAPI Server Register space assigned to the Master Owning Client. This address mapping is not given to any other Client or Application. 
         [0041]    The Master Owning Client can now send commands to the adapter as indicated in a block  510 . As indicated in a block  512 , other Clients or Applications do not have an address mapping to the Master Owning Client&#39;s Server register space and as such cannot send commands to the adapter via these registers. 
         [0042]    Referring now to  FIG. 6 , there are shown example CAPI authorization process operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments starting at a block  600 . As indicated in a block  602 , Application Client requests authorization to a file from the File system. The File system validates the request, determines the location of each Extent that comprises the file, requests Authorization to each Extent from a System CAPI Authorization manager as indicated in a block  604 . The System CAPI Authorization manager determines which CAPI Adapter is needed to service each Extent, requests the CAPI Client manager to assign a (Child) Client ID and CAPI Server Register range to the requesting Application Client, and requests a previously authorized CAPI Parent Client (initially the Master Client) to authorize the Child ID to the list of Extents as indicated in a block  606 . As indicated in a block  608 , The CAPI Parent Client sends a “Create Authorizations” command to the CAPI Adapter via the Parent&#39;s CAPI Server Registers. Parameters are CAPI Child Client ID; List of Extents, for each Extent includes CAPI Parent Authorization Handle, and Extent Start LBA and number of Blocks; and List of other Commands/Adapter resources, for each command/resource includes CAPI Parent Authorization Handle. The CAPI Adapter validates that the Parent Authorization Handle and CAPI Server Register range is valid for the specific Extent/Command/Resource; creates an Authorization List by Assigning a new Child Authorization Handle for each requested, validated Extent/Command/Resource; and returns the Authorization List to the Parent Client as indicated in a block  610 . The Parent Client returns the Authorization List to Authorization Manager as indicated in a block  612 . The Authorization Manager returns the Authorization List and the Child Client ID to the File System and the File System returns the Authorization List and the Child Client ID to the Application Client as indicated in a block  614 . 
         [0043]    Referring now to  FIG. 7 , there are shown example CAPI authorization command flow process operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments starting at a block  700 . As indicated in a block  702 , the application client builds a command. parameters included are start LBA and number of LBAs; and child&#39;s authorization handle. As indicated in a block  704 , the application client sends the command directly to the CAPI adapter via the application clients&#39;s CAPI server registers. As indicated in a block  706 , the capi adapter uses the authorization handle and the receiving CAPI server register address to validate that the requesting client is authorized to perform the command. As indicated in a block  708 , the CAPI adapter executes the command and sends completion back to the application client. 
         [0044]    Referring now to  FIG. 8 , there are shown example CAPI authorization enforcement process operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments starting at a block  800 . As indicated in a block  802 , access to CAPI adapter server register spaces is enforced by the trusted OS creating address space mappings for individual clients/applications. As indicated in a block  804 , the adapter enforces access rights on each command by verifying that the Authorization Handle passed in the command belong to the requesting Client and that the Client is authorized to the requested command/function/Extent. 
         [0045]    Referring now to  FIG. 9 , there are shown example CAPI authorization mechanism and process operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments starting at a block  900 . As indicated in a block  902 , encode the Authorization Handle as multiple fields including Lookup Table Index. The size of the Lookup Table Index field should be selected by the implementation to maximize the number of potentially active Authorization Handles. The Authorization Handle includes Implementation Unique Encode and the size of this field should be minimized but still be capable of detecting stale Credentials. As indicated in a block  904 , create an Authorization Table containing multiple Authorization Entries. Each Authorization Entry contains Authorization Handle; CAPI Server registers ID; Start Logical Block Address of the Extent; and Range of Logical Block Addresses for the Extent. As indicated in a block  906  the Authentication Process when a command is received includes: Extract the Lookup Table Index from the Authorization Handle contained in the received command. Use the Lookup table Index to locate the Authorization Entry. Compare the Authorization Entry&#39;s CAPI Server Registers ID to the Receiving CAPI Server Registers ID. Compare the Authorization Entry&#39;s Authorization handle to the Authorization Handle contained in the received command. Any Compare failures result in the command being rejected. 
         [0046]    Referring now to  FIG. 10 , there are shown example CAPI deauthorization process operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments starting at a block  1000 . As indicated in a block  1002 , the Application Child Client (or any Parent, GrandParent, and the like in the lineage) sends a “Delete Authorizations” command to the CAPI Adapter via the Client&#39;s CAPI Server Registers. Parameters are: CAPI Child Client ID; List of Extents. For each Extent include CAPI Child Authorization Handle; Extent Start LBA and number of Blocks; and List of other Commands/Adapter resources. For each command/resource include CAPI Child Authorization Handle. As indicated in a block  1004 , the CAPI Adapter validates that the Requester is either the Child or a Parent in the lineage; and deletes the Authorizations in the Lists. 
         [0047]    Referring now to  FIGS. 11A and 11B , there are shown example CAPI authorization read command processing operations in accordance with the preferred embodiments. In  FIG. 11A , example CAPI authorization operations for the read command are generally designated by the reference character  1100 . Example CAPI authorization operations  1100  are shown with a user  1102 , OS  1104 , file system  1106 , hypervisor  1108 , and CAPI adapter  102 . As indicated in a block  1102  in  FIG. 11B , the OS goes to the filesystem and hypervisor to do the open. The hypervisor give CAPI ID, filesystem does authorization checks and returns authorization information and file handle (FH) as indicated in a block  1104 . As indicated in a block  1106 , OS (at behest of filesystem) issues a create authorization request. As indicated in a block  1108 , Lseek only touches user filesystem. Read goes directly to CAPI Adapter as indicated in a block  1110 . As indicated in a block  1112 , CAPI adapter validates CAPI ID, authorization handle (AH), extents (filesystem authorization). Then the CAPI adapter does the op and responds as indicated in a block  1114 . 
         [0048]    Referring now to  FIG. 12 , an article of manufacture or a computer program product  1200  of the invention is illustrated. The computer program product  1200  is tangibly embodied on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium that includes a recording medium  1202 , such as, a floppy disk, a high capacity read only memory in the form of an optically read compact disk or CD-ROM, a tape, or another similar computer program product. Recording medium  1202  stores program means  1204 ,  1206 ,  1208 , and  1210  on the medium  1202  for carrying out the methods for implementing Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) authorization in a CAPI adapter  102  of a preferred embodiment in the system  100  of  FIGS. 1A, and 1B . 
         [0049]    A sequence of program instructions or a logical assembly of one or more interrelated modules defined by the recorded program means  1204 ,  1206 ,  1208 , and  1210 , direct the computer system  100  for implementing Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) authorization in a CAPI adapter  102  of a preferred embodiment. 
         [0050]    While the present invention has been described with reference to the details of the embodiments of the invention shown in the drawing, these details are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed in the appended claims.