Abstract:
A personalized training system, and a method of fitness training, are disclosed. The personalized training system includes a fitness device, into which a user enters a first plurality of user information, including a choice of an automated interactive learned program mode or an automated fitness test mode, an automated control location that receives the first plurality of user information, and a second plurality of user information during each use of the fitness device by the user, a performance assessor that assesses a performance of the user during each use of a plurality of uses based on a comparison of the second plurality of user information to the first plurality, a performance database incrementally formed by at least the plurality of performance assessments, and a fitness comparator that adjusts the use based on a comparison of the performance database to the second plurality. The method includes entering by a user a first plurality of user information, including a choosing of an automated interactive learned program mode or an automated fitness test mode, providing an automated control location, receiving the first plurality of user information at the automated control location, monitoring a second plurality of user information during each use of the fitness device by the user, performing an assessment of a performance of said user during each use of a plurality of uses, based on a comparing of the second plurality of user information to the first plurality, incrementally generating, over the plurality of uses, a performance database, and adjusting the use based on a comparing of the performance database to the second plurality.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/156,336, filed Sep. 18, 1998, incorporated herein by reference, and a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/448,954, filed Nov. 24, 1999, incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    This invention relates to fitness equipment and, in particular, to control of programmable fitness equipment.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    Modern fitness machines, or exercise machines, including treadmills, steppers, stationary bicycles, and the like are often electronically controlled to vary their resistance levels. For example, stationary bicycles can be electronically controlled to vary their resistance over the duration of an exercise routine to simulate uphill, level and downhill riding conditions. This helps to prevent the user of the apparatus from becoming bored with an otherwise repetitive exercise.  
           [0004]    It is also known for exercise machines to measure the heart rate or pulse rate of the user and to adjust the level of exercise accordingly. This helps to maximize the cardiovascular benefits achieved from the exercise without wasting time and effort. It also provides the benefit of quickly detecting dangerously high or accelerating heart rates. Additionally, pulse detection circuitry has been coupled to exercise equipment to provide to the user with a display of the user heart rate. The user can also manually adjust the resistance level according to the display in order to adjust the heart rate as needed.  
           [0005]    It is also known to provide a microprocessor within exercise equipment in order to vary the incline of a treadmill or to vary the resistance to the pedaling of a stationary bicycle according to a stored program in order to achieve target heart rates, for example. It is also known to use a stored program to increase the resistance within exercise equipment in order to increase the user heart rate and to decrease the resistance in order to decrease the heart rate accordingly.  
           [0006]    Several types of exercise equipment have more than one variable resistance mechanism to affect the user heart rate. For example, conventional treadmills have both variable inclines and variable speeds. Many stationary bicycles have variable pedal resistance for the lower body as well as variable resistance-based exercise mechanisms for the upper body. Since numerous mechanisms of this type are often intended to be operated simultaneously, the resulting heart rate depends on the resistance of all the variable resistance mechanisms and their relationship to each other.  
           [0007]    Furthermore, the conditioning of the skeletal muscle groups being exercised by the user depends on which resistance mechanisms are varied. When exercise equipment having interrelated resistance mechanisms varies only a single resistance mechanism to control heart rate the results can be unsatisfactory because achieving a target heart rate in such equipment by merely increasing or decreasing one of the resistance mechanisms does not consider and compensate for the benefits or detriments that may occur by varying the resistance of the other such mechanisms in relation thereto. However, the known devices do not provide the ability to conveniently alter the control programs within the exercise equipment or to communicate with others regarding control of the exercise equipment during a work out.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    The present invention is directed to a personalized training system. The personalized training system includes a fitness device, into which a user enters a first plurality of user information, which first plurality includes a choice of an automated interactive learned program mode or an automated fitness test mode, an automated control location that is remotely connected to the fitness device through a communicative connection, which automated control location receives the first plurality of user information, and a second plurality of user information during each use of the fitness device by the user, a performance assessor resident at the automated control location, which performance assessor assesses a performance of the user during each use of a plurality of uses based on a comparison of the second plurality of user information to the first plurality, a performance database incrementally formed by at least the plurality of performance assessments, and a fitness comparator that adjusts the use based on a comparison of the performance database to the second plurality.  
           [0009]    The present invention is also directed to a method of fitness training. The method includes entering by a user a first plurality of user information, which first plurality includes choosing an automated interactive learned program mode or an automated fitness test mode, providing an automated control location that is remotely connected to the fitness device through a communicative connection, receiving the first plurality of user information at the automated control location, monitoring a second plurality of user information during each use of the fitness device by the user, performing, at the automated control location, an assessment of a performance of said user during each use of a plurality of uses, based on a comparing of the second plurality of user information to the first plurality, incrementally generating, over the plurality of uses, a performance database including at least the plurality of performance assessments, and adjusting the use based on a comparing of the performance database to the second plurality.  
           [0010]    The present invention solves problems experienced in the prior art by providing the ability to conveniently and remotely alter the control programs within an exercise environment, and to communicate with other persons and automated systems regarding control of the exercise equipment during a work out. These and other advantages will be apparent from the detailed description of the invention hereinbelow. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0011]    [0011]FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the interactive programmable fitness system of the present invention;  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1A illustrates s flow diagram of a personal training system;  
         [0013]    FIGS.  2 A-C show perspective views of an exercise device suitable for use within the fitness system of FIG. 1; and  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 3 shows a block diagram representation of a controller suitable for use in the exercise device of FIGS.  2 A-C. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0015]    It is to be understood that the figures and descriptions of the present invention have been simplified to illustrate elements that are relevant for a clear understanding of the present invention, while eliminating, for purposes of clarity, many other elements found in a typical fitness system. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize other elements which are necessary and/or desirable for implementing the present invention. However, because such elements are well known in the art, and because they do not facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, a discussion of such elements is not provided herein.  
         [0016]    Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a schematic representation of the interactive programmable fitness system  10  of the present invention. The fitness system  10  includes a programmable fitness device  32  interactively coupled with an automated control location  12 . The automated control location  12  may be, for example, an internet web site. The fitness device  32  is disposed at a user location  34  geographically remote from the automated control location  12 . The interactive communicative coupling between the fitness device  32  and the web site  12  can be by way of an internet system  19 . The interactive coupling permits the fitness device  32  to transmit various kinds of user location information to the web site  12 . It also permits the web site  12  to transmit control information to the user location  34  to control, for example, drive motor  16  and incline motor  36  of exercise device  32 . Thus the web site  12  can operate as a server device for the user. Information can be transmitted between the fitness device  32  and the web site  12  at any time, including immediately prior to an exercise session using fitness device  32  and during such an exercise session.  
         [0017]    Using the fitness system  10 , a user at a user location  34  can interact on-line with a live fitness expert located at the web site  12  to engage in a real time two way communication regarding matters related to fitness, including matters such as exercise routines and exercise equipment. For example, the user can obtain advice on modifying an exercise routine as well as technical support information for various kinds of exercise equipment. In addition to interacting, including conversing, with a live fitness expert, a user of the fitness system  10  at the user location  34  can interactively obtain the control information from a computer located at the web site  12 . The communication can include the uploading and downloading of video and audio information.  
         [0018]    The control information transmitted from the web site  12  can include control signals for directly controlling the fitness device  32 . In a preferred embodiment of the fitness system  10  the control information from the web site  12  can be a fitness equipment control program for execution by the controller  28  of the fitness device  32 . In this preferred embodiment the controller  28  provides the control signals required for controlling motors  16 ,  36  according to the control program received from the web site  12 . Additionally, a digest of information for each user of fitness system  10  can be accumulated by the web site  12  and the control information can be determined according to the digest as well as the current user location information. For example, the web site can store a plurality of control programs and select a control program from the plurality according to the digest and the current user location information.  
         [0019]    Although user location information includes both user and location information, it will be understood that the user location information at the web site  12  can be associated with the actual user rather than any particular geographic location. For example, user location information may, in some embodiments, include the identity, profile, and physical characteristics of each particular user. In this way the user can use fitness system  10  from any location or piece of exercise equipment.  
         [0020]    In one embodiment, the user location  34  can interact with the web site  12  in the form of an interactive programmable fitness trainer. The receipt of information at the web site  12 , or at an alternate control location  12 , is used by the automated control location  12  to provide a personalized training system. The automated remote control location  12  records information from and about the user  34  before the first use, and before and/or during the first and each subsequent use. This first plurality of information may include, for example, a set of fitness goals for the user, at least one parameter, and includes all information entered by the user. The parameters may include the age, weight, sex, height, and medical conditions of the user.  
         [0021]    The automated remote control location  12  also preferably has stored thereon general fitness information, in the form of a health database, as to diet, dietary needs, exercise routines, and diet and exercise results. This general information may be gathered by the automated remote control location  12  automatically from the web, by an automated web search, for example, or may be entered by one or more fitness, diet, and exercise experts onto the web site  12 .  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 1A illustrates a flow diagram of the personalized training system  10  of the present invention. In one embodiment of the present invention, the user at the user location  34  enters the first plurality of user information to the remote control location  12  through a user interface at the user location  34 , at step  104 . The first plurality includes a choice made by the user at the fitness device  32  of an automated interactive learned program mode or an automated fitness test mode, at step  106 . The automated control location  12  receives the first plurality of user information from the device  32 . During each workout, the automated control location also receives a second plurality of user information, either in real time or after each use, at step  110 . This second plurality. includes physiological information related to the user&#39;s responses to the workout, such as heart rate, calorie bum rate, and current resistance of the fitness device, and may be collected by seonsors communicatively connected to the fitness device  32 .  
         [0023]    The automated control location  12  assesses the performance of the user during each use of a plurality of uses, at step  112 , based on a comparison of the second plurality of user information to at least a portion of the first plurality (eg. At least one goal, such as a desired weight loss). This assessment is performed by a software performance assessment routine resident on the automated control location  12 . The plurality of assessments that result are used to incrementally generate a performance database at the automated control location  12 , at step  114 . In a preferred embodiment, the performance database is accessible to the user at any point in any workout, thereby allowing the user to perform a comparison of the user&#39;s current performance. Further, the performance database may be limited to generation over a fixed number of uses. Based on a comparison of the performance database to the second plurality, a fitness comparator resident at the automated control location may send a plurality of adjustment signals to the fitness device  32 , at step  120 . These signals may, for example, cause an increase or decrease in the difficulty level of the workout, dependant on whether the user is beyond a goal level, approaching the goal level, beneath a goal level, becoming tired, returning from a lay-off, or at an increased risk of injury, as evidenced by the fitness comparator results. In another embodiment, these adjustments may cause variations in environmental factors that affect the user&#39;s workout, either consciously or subconsciously. These environmental factors may include the speed of music that accompanies the workout, or the temperature of the room.  
         [0024]    The performance assessment of the present invention generally includes numerous calculations based on an energy expenditure necessary to reach at least one of the goals, which energy expenditure is found from the health database. One calculation may be, for example, a division the necessary energy expenditure by an expected time length of the use, thereby generating a percentage of goal reachable by the user. In one embodiment, a new suggested goal is formulated by the automated control location and downloaded to the fitness device for review by the user if the percentage of goal reachable meets a predetermined low at step  122 . In such a case, the probability of the user reaching the user&#39;s goal is small, so the user may be given the option to adjust the workout and the goal, or the adjustments may be performed automatically, as explained hereinabove.  
         [0025]    Where the user elects the automated fitness test mode at step  106 , a test is run wherein the user&#39;s performance is compared to an industry standard. The industry standard may be included in the health database. The automated fitness test may be performed by the fitness device, or by the automated control location. The automated fitness test mode preferably includes a comparison of the second plurality of user information to the industry standard database at step  130 , and a recordation of the results of the comparison at step  132 . The results of the automated fitness test mode are preferably incrementally recorded to an automated fitness test database at step  134 , and that automated fitness test database is preferably accessible to the user before, during, and after each workout. Information developed during the automated fitness test mode may be uploaded to the automated control location from the fitness device either in real-time or after each use.  
         [0026]    In one embodiment of the present invention, a fitness coach is resident on the automated control location  12 . The fitness coach provides interactive information and suggested difficulty levels of use to the user at step  140 . The interactive information and the suggested difficulties are based on a comparison by the automated control location of the first plurality, the second plurality, and the performance database. The interactive information and suggested difficulties may be used in conjunction with, or separately from the automated adjustments discussed hereinabove, in order to help the user obtain the user&#39;s goals. The interactive information may be, for example, an audible comparison of the current workout and at least one prior use. The suggested difficulty level may be, for example, an automated estimation of a necessary difficulty to achieve a goal based on the current use and at least one prior use. Suggestions may be made by the automated remote control location  12  using the fitness coach as to diet and exercise variations which would help the user  34  achieve his goals, and the exercise variations that are suggested may then be made to the fitness device automatically by receipt of the adjustment control signals from the automated remote control location  12 . Alternative goals may also be suggested by the remote system  12  based on the comparisons and correlation discussed hereinabove. Finally, the user&#39;s exercise routine may be tracked during each session, and other variables, such as diet, may also be tracked between sessions, and this tracked information may compared by the remote system  12  to the information which would allow the user  34  to meet his goals, thereby forming a personalized, permanent record of the user&#39;s diet and exercise history. Thus, an interactive virual trainer is provided, without the need for an operator at the remote control location  12 .  
         [0027]    A fitness equipment interface  22  is provided for coupling the fitness device  32  to the network connection device  18 . A communication channel  24  is provided between the fitness device  32  and the fitness equipment interface  22  for transmitting information therebetween. Any suitable open communication language  26  can be used for communicating this information from the controller  28 . A safety interface  20  is provided within user location  34  between controller  28  and network connection device  18  for detecting whether a user falls off or the user heart rate goes too high and shutting the treadmill off.  
         [0028]    The user location  34  interactively applies and receives the interactive information to the internet system  19  by way of network connection device  18 . The network connection device  18  can be a network computer, a personal computer, a cable television box, or any other suitable connection device. The user location information transmitted by way of the network connection device  18  can include personal information identifying or describing the user to the web site  12 . For example, in addition to a user password if desired, the user location  34  can provide user information such as user heart rate, weight, age and gender.  
         [0029]    Device information such as speed, incline and suspension can also be communicated by the user or automatically by way of the internet system  19 . Any other information useful for interaction between the user location  34  and the web site  12  can also be applied to the internet system  19 . The user information and the device information can be used by the web site  12 , as well as by the controller  28 , to calculate, for example, calorie information. Calorie information calculated in this manner can be used to provide control signals for controlling the fitness device  32  according to the calorie information, both in a current exercise session and in a future one. Information within the fitness system  10  can also be interactively communicated to and from third party applications  14 . An internet browser  17  can be coupled to the network connection device  18 . The internet browser  17  permits the user of fitness system  10  to browse the internet system  19  both during and between exercise sessions.  
         [0030]    Referring now to FIGS.  2 A-C, there is shown an exercise apparatus  32  having a plurality of resistance mechanisms, wherein the exercise equipment  32  is shown as a treadmill. As previously described, it will be understood that the system of the present invention can be applied to any type of exercise equipment. Thus, the fitness device  32  is set forth only as an illustrative example of the type of exercise equipment wherein the present invention can be advantageously applied. Furthermore, the fitness device  32  set forth is only a single example of the many types of treadmills that can be used within the fitness system  10 .  
         [0031]    In the fitness device  32  the first resistance mechanism  13  is a speed-varying mechanism and the second resistance mechanism is a grade-adjustment mechanism  15 . In order to vary the speed of the fitness device  32 , and thus increase the resistance of the first resistance mechanism  13 , a variable-speed drive motor  16  is mechanically coupled in a conventional manner by a drive belt  19  to a drive roller  21  to rearwardly move a continuous belt  23 . The continuous belt  23  is a rotating surface that rides upon a low-friction support surface  25 . Although a drive belt  19  is shown for coupling the drive roller  21  to the drive motor  16 , gears or the like can also be used. A freely-rotating rear roller  27  is provided to redirect the continuous belt  23  forwardly beneath the support surface  25  in a conventional manner.  
         [0032]    The continuous belt  23  is adapted to prevent slippage on the drive roller  21  under ordinary loads. This can be accomplished by providing proper tensioning, coefficients of friction or by having treads in the underside of the belt  23  to mate with the drive roller  21 . Thus, as the drive motor  16  rotates, the belt  23  rotates at a corresponding speed. Preferably, the drive motor  16  is a DC motor, for which the drive signals are voltages of appropriate levels applied to the motor  16  for specified periods of time. The fitness equipment controller  28  can provide one or more signals that determine the resistance level of the first resistance mechanism  13  for controlling the speed of the fitness device  32 .  
         [0033]    To vary the grade or incline angle of the rotating treadmill surface a conventional motor-driven windlass can be used. This alters the resistance of the second resistance mechanism  15  and alters the amount of exertion required by the user to remain on the apparatus  32 . An incline motor  36  is mechanically coupled at its shaft  35  to a drum  38  or cylinder  38  provided for this purpose. The drum  38  is provided with a cable  40  so that rotating the drum  38  winds or unwinds the cable  40  to raise or lower a lift frame  48  as the incline motor  36  is operated.  
         [0034]    The incline motor  36  is also controlled by signals from the controller  28 . The incline motor  36  can be a stepping motor controlled by controller signals that are pulses. It can also be an AC or DC motor  36  wherein the control signals from the controller  28  cause voltages of appropriate levels to be applied to the incline motor  36  for specified periods of time. For example, a conventional treadmill incline mechanism can be used wherein a control signal activates a relay to apply power to a fractional AC motor until the grade is incremented by the desired amount. In this manner, the controller  28  provides one or more signals that determine the grade of the drive roller  21  and thereby the resistance level of the second resistance mechanism  15 . Additionally, a braking system can be provided in the fitness device  32  and the controller  28  can control the braking system using control signals.  
         [0035]    In one embodiment of a fitness device  32 , the controller  28  can adjust the grade between 0.0 percent (level, or 0.0 degrees) and 16 percent in one-half percent increments. The incline motor  36  is preferably a reversible motor of a type that remains locked in position when power is removed so that the cable  40  does not unwind due to gravitational force. Alternatively, mechanical means such as gears, stops and the like may provide the reversibility and locking features.  
         [0036]    Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a block diagram representation of an exemplary controller  28  of the programmable fitness device  32 . The controller  28  can include a microprocessor  72 , a memory  74 , a timer  75  and input/output (I/O) circuitry  76  connected in a conventional manner. The memory  74  can include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), or any other type of storage means. The I/O circuitry  76  can include conventional buffers, drivers, relays and the like, such as for driving the motors  16 ,  36  with sufficient power. Conventional circuitry for latching output signals from the microprocessor  72  is also ordinarily included in the output circuitry  76 . Thus, output signals from the microprocessor  72 , interfaced though the output circuitry  76 , control the drive motor  16  and incline motor  36 .  
         [0037]    The output signals of the microprocessor  72  also control the display  98  which can be located on a console  94  of the exercise equipment  32 . It will be understood that information representative of the operation of any of the devices included in the controller  28  can be interactively transmitted between the user location  34  and the web site  12  by way of I/O circuitry  76  which is coupled to the internet system  19  by way of interface  22 .  
         [0038]    Since the speed and grade of the fitness device  32  is determined by the controller  28 , the controller  28  normally has all speed and grade information required to the fitness control device  32 . However, it is preferable to include a speed sensor for detecting the actual speed of the fitness device  32  and an incline sensor for determining the actual grade. Sensors suitable for this purpose are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, a speed sensor  78  can be a conventional Hall effect type sensor adapted to provide a value to the controller  28  that indicates the revolutions per minute of the drive roller  21 . The controller  28  can then convert the value received from speed sensor  78  to miles per hour. The incline sensor  80  can be any conventional sensor suitable for the purpose.  
         [0039]    In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the resistance levels of the resistance mechanisms  13 ,  15  of the fitness device  32  can be varied with respect to one another according to the heart rate of the user. Additionally, the heart rate can be monitored by the controller  28  or the web site  12  for safety reasons. Accordingly, the fitness device pulse detection circuitry  82  secured to the user by a strap  92  detects the user heart rate. A suitable timer, such as a timer  75 , is used to determine the rate of the pulse signals received from the detection circuitry  82 . Any conventional pulse detection circuitry  82  can be used provided it can supply a signal corresponding to the user heart rate for the input circuitry  76  of the controller  28 . The pulse detection circuitry  82  can include an electrocardiograph-type detection device that senses electric currents or electrical potentials on the user in order to provide a signal corresponding to the heart rate, or any other type of device that senses user heart rate and provides corresponding signals. The output of a transducer  84  within the pulse detection circuitry  82  can be amplified by an amplifier  86  and transmitted by a transmitter  88  to an I/O receiver  90 .  
         [0040]    The previous description of the preferred embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the present invention. The various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. For example, air pressure at the user location can be monitored and controlled in the manner previously described in the system of the present invention. The air pressure device can, for example, be a bladder, any type of air suspension, or any type of hydraulic system. Additionally, a cooling fan for variably blowing air on a user can be controlled according to the user temperature. The temperature of various components at the user location can also be monitored and controlled.