Abstract:
The invention provides a method of manufacturing a fin-type field effect transistor (FinFET) that forms a unique FinFET that has a first fin with a central channel region and source and drain regions adjacent the channel region, a gate intersecting the first fin and covering the channel region, and a second fin having only a channel region.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention generally relates to transistors and more particularly to the fin type transistors known as FinFETs and to an improved manufacturing process and FinFET structure.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    As the need to decrease the size of transistors continues, new and smaller types of transistors are created. One recent advance in transistor technology is the introduction of fin type field effect transistors that are known as FinFETs. U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,802 to Hu et al. (hereinafter “Hu”), which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a FinFET structure that includes a center fin that has a channel along its center and source and drains at the ends of the fin structure. A gate conductor covers the channel portion.  
           [0005]    While FinFETs structures reduce the size of transistor-based devices, it is still important to continue to reduce the size of FinFETs transistors. The invention described below provides a method and structure which decreases the distance between adjacent FinFETs, thereby reducing the overall size of the transistor-based structure.  
         SUMMARY OF INVENTION  
         [0006]    The invention provides a method of manufacturing a fin-type field effect transistor (FinFET) that begins by patterning a rectangular sacrificial mandrel on a substrate. Next, the invention forms mask sidewalls along the vertical surfaces of the mandrel. Subsequently, the mandrel is removed and the portions of the semiconductor layer not protected by the mask sidewalls are etched to leave a freestanding rectangular loop of semiconductor material having two longer fins and two shorter sections. The process continues by patterning a rectangular gate conductor over central sections of the two longer fins, wherein the gate conductor intersects to the two longer fins. Next, the invention dopes portions of the semiconductor material not covered by the gate conductor to form source and drain regions in portions of the fins that extend beyond the gate. Following this, the invention forms insulating sidewalls along the gate conductor.  
           [0007]    Then, the invention covers the gate conductor and the semiconductor material with a conductive contact material and forms a contact mask over a portion of the conductive contact material that is above source and drain regions of a first fin of the two longer fins. The invention follows this by selectively etching regions of the conductive contact material and the semiconductor material not protected by the contact mask. This leaves the conductive contact material on source and drain regions of the first fin and removes source and drain regions of a second fin of the two longer fins.  
           [0008]    This process forms a unique FinFET that has a first fin with a central channel region and source and drain regions adjacent the channel region, a gate structure intersecting the first fin and covering the channel region, and a second fin having only a channel region. The second fin is parallel to the first fin and covered by the gate.  
           [0009]    In this unique structure, the second fin has a length equal to the width of the gate structure and the first fin is longer than the second fin. The source and drain regions of the first fin extend beyond the gate structure; however, the second fin does not extend beyond the gate. The source and drain contacts only cover the source and drain regions of the first fin and no contacts are positioned adjacent the second fin. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS  
       [0010]    The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment(s) of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 1A is a schematic top-view diagram of a partially completed FinFET structure according to the invention;  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view along line A-A′ in FIG. 1A;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view along line B-B′ in FIG. 1A;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 2A is a schematic top-view diagram of a partially completed FinFET structure according to the invention;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view along line A-A′ in FIG. 2A;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view along line B-B′ in FIG. 2A;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 3A is a schematic top-view diagram of a partially completed FinFET structure according to the invention;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view along line A-A′ in FIG. 3A;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view along line B-B′ in FIG. 3A;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 4A is a schematic top-view diagram of a partially completed FinFET structure according to the invention;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view along line A-A′ in FIG. 4A;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view along line B-B′ in FIG. 4A;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 4D is a cross-sectional view along line C-C′ in FIG. 4A;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 5A is a schematic perspective view illustrating the inventive fins intersecting the gate;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 5B is a schematic top-view diagram of the structure shown in FIG. 5A;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 6A is a schematic top-view diagram illustrating the spacing that is required when a conventional trim mask is utilized;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 6B is a schematic top-view diagram illustrating the spacing that can be achieved with the invention when the use of a trim mask is avoided; and  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a preferred method of the invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0029]    Since the silicon fins in FinFETs are significantly thinner than the gate length, non-conventional means of defining the fin thickness are useful. The invention uses a Sidewall Image Transfer (SIT) process for the purpose of forming the fins. Since all shapes left on the wafer from SIT processing are in the form of loops, a trim mask (TR) is necessary to remove unwanted fins shapes that are formed during sidewall image transfer processing. Trim masks break the loops into lines with ends. The trim mask requires critical image tolerance and placement. Therefore, the trim mask is costly and can decrease yield. Furthermore, the trim mask adds requirements to other overlays since the trimmed fins are second-order alignments to later masks. The invention described below eliminates the need to use such a trim mask.  
         [0030]    As mentioned above, the invention forms fins for a FinFET device using sidewall image transfer processing, yet the invention eliminates the need for a separate trim mask. Instead, the invention trims the unwanted portions of the loop structure formed during the sidewall image transfer processing using the same mask that defines the source and drain contacts. The inventive methodology begins by patterning a rectangular sacrificial mandrel  10  on a hard-mask layer  16  that overlies a layer of semiconductor material  11 , as shown in FIG. 1A. Next, the invention forms sidewall spacers  12  along the vertical surfaces of the mandrel  10 . The sidewall spacers  12  are formed by depositing a masking material and then performing a selective anisotropic etching process that removes material from horizontal surfaces at substantially higher rates than it removes material from vertical surfaces. This process leaves the deposited mask material  12  only along the sides of the mandrel  10 , as shown in FIG. 1A. Subsequently, the mandrel  10  is removed, the hard-mask material  16  is etched using the spacers  12  as masks, and the spacers  12  are removed to leave a freestanding rectangular loop of mask material  16  having two longer sections  15  and two shorter sections  14 .  
         [0031]    An etching process is used to remove portions of the underlying semiconductor material  11  not protected by the mask  16 . This leaves a freestanding rectangular loop of semiconductor material  11  covered by the mask material  16  as most clearly shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C. FIG. 1A is a top-view of the structure, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view along line A-A′ in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view along line B-B′ in FIG. 1A. The longer fins  21  of semiconductor material  11  are perpendicular to the shorter sections  22  of the semiconductor material  11 .  
         [0032]    The process continues by patterning a rectangular gate conductor  20  over central sections of the two longer fins  21 , wherein the gate conductor  20  intersects the two longer fins  21 , as shown in FIGS. 2A-2C. Next, the invention dopes portions of the semiconductor loop  11  not covered by the gate conductor  20  to form conductive source and drain regions in portions of the longer fins  21  that extend beyond the gate  20 . Following this, the invention forms insulating sidewalls  31  along the gate conductor  20 , as shown in FIG. 3C. The spacers  31  and gate  20  are sometimes referred to herein as a gate structure.  
         [0033]    Then, the invention covers the gate conductor  20  and the semiconductor material  11  with a conductive contact material  30  (such as polysilicon) as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C. As most clearly shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C, the conductive material  30  completely covers the fin structures  11 , yet has a height less than that of the gate  20  and spacers  31 . The conductive material  30  should not cover the gate  20 , otherwise the gate  20  may be shorted to the source and drain contacts. The conductive material  30  can either be selectively deposited so as not to exceed the height of the gate  20  or can be subsequently recessed below the height of the gate  20  using well known etching or overpolishing processes.  
         [0034]    Next, as shown FIG. 4A, the invention forms a contact mask  40  over a portion of the conductive contact material  30  that is above source and drain regions of a first fin  42  of the two longer fins  21 . The invention follows this by selectively etching regions of the conductive contact material  30  and the semiconductor material  11  that are not protected by the contact mask. Such an etch will not affect the gate  20  or spacers  31 . This leaves the conductive contact material  30  only on the source and drain regions of the first fin  42  and removes source and drain regions of a second fin  41  of the two longer fins  21 . Therefore, the contact mask  40  performs two functions by patterning the source and drain contacts and by trimming the unwanted portion of the semiconductor material  11 . By utilizing the contact mask  44  in this manner, the invention avoids the need for a separate trim mask.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view along line A-A′ in FIG. 4A, FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view along line B-B′ in FIG. 4A, and FIG. 4D is a cross-sectional view along line C—C′ in FIG. 4A. In addition, FIG. 5A is a schematic perspective view illustrating the inventive fins  41 ,  42  intersecting the gate  20 , and FIG. 5B is a schematic top-view diagram of the structure shown in FIG. 5A. These additional views illustrate that the inventive structure produced is a unique FinFET that has a first fin  42  with a central channel region  55  and source and drain regions  56  adjacent the channel region  55 . The gate  20  intersects the first fin  42  and covers the channel region  55 . The second fin  41  only has a channel region. The second fin  41  is parallel to the first fin  42  and is covered by the gate structure.  
         [0036]    In this unique structure, the second fin  41  has a length equal to the width of the gate structure and the first fin  42  is longer than the second fin  41 . The source and drain regions  56  of the first fin  42  extend beyond the gate structure; however, the second fin  41  does not extend beyond the gate structure because that portion of the second fin  41  was trimmed when the source and drain contacts  30  were patterned. The source and drain contacts  30  only cover the source and drain regions  56  of the first fin  42  and no contacts are positioned adjacent the second fin  41 .  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 6A is a schematic top-view diagram illustrating the spacing that is required when a trim mask  53  is utilized and FIG. 6B is a schematic top-view diagram illustrating the spacing that can be achieved with the invention when the use of a trim mask is avoided. As shown in FIG. 6A, at least one unit of spacing “Z” is created to accommodate for the trim mask  53 . In this example half a unit (Z/2) is provided between the trim mask  53  and the adjacent silicon island mask RX ( 51 ) and the trim mask itself extends over half a unit (Z/2) beyond the edge of the silicon island mask RX ( 50 ) with which the trim mask  53  is associated. To the contrary, as shown in FIG. 6B, since no trim mask is used with the invention, the adjacent silicon island mask  51  can be placed within a half unit (Z/2) of the edge of the semiconductor loop  11  (or one unit of spacing (Z) from the adjacent silicon island mask  50 ). Since the RX size is decreased, a lower parasitic capacitance from the contact region is obtained. A denser layout with simpler layout rules and decreased process cost results.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a preferred method of the invention. More specifically, the method patterns a rectangular sacrificial mandrel  700  on a semiconductor layer, forms mask sidewalls  702  along the vertical surfaces of the mandrel, removes the mandrel  704 , and etches portions of the hard-mask not protected by the sidewalls. After removal of the mask sidewalls, the invention etches portions of the semiconductor layer not protected by the hard-mask  706  to leave a freestanding rectangular loop of semiconductor material having two longer fins and two shorter sections. The invention patterns a rectangular gate conductor  708  over central sections of the two longer fins. The invention dopes portions  710  of the semiconductor material, not covered by the gate conductor, to form source and drain regions in portions of the fins that extend beyond the gate. Next the invention forms insulating sidewalls  712  along the gate conductor and covers the gate conductor and the semiconductor material with a conductive contact material. The conductive material is planarized or etched back until the gate conductor is exposed. Then, the invention forms a contact mask  714  over a portion of the conductive contact material that is above source and drain regions of a first fin of the two longer fins and selectively etches  716  regions of the conductive contact material and the semiconductor material not protected by the contact mask. The selective etching process  716  leaves the conductive contact material on the source and drain regions of the first fin and removes the source and drain regions of a second fin of the two longer fins.  
         [0039]    Therefore, as shown above, only one mask is added to a conventional CMOS design, namely the “FN” level mask, which is used to define a mandrel  10  about which spacers are formed. The conventional silicon-island mask (RX) is used after the gate lithography and processing (PC) to both define source/drain regions outside the gate and to trim fins that are not desired for the circuit. This eliminates a “trim” mask (TR) and associated processing. This also eliminates some density loss due to the second-order alignment of RX to TR (both levels normally align to FN) and hence yields a denser design.  
         [0040]    Since the RX size is decreased, a lower parasitic capacitance from the contact region is obtained. A denser layout follows with the small RX size, which in turn results in circuits that reside closer to one another. This translates to shorter interconnections and thus lower wire resistance and capacitance. The end result is lower cost, lower power and faster circuits.  
         [0041]    While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.