Abstract:
To provide a jumper structure which is light-weighted and capable of reducing fabrication cost and a timepiece using the same. A jumper structure of a timepiece is constituted by integrally molding a jumping and restricting portion made of carbon nanofiber and a spring portion made of carbon nanofiber. A jumping and restricting portion of the jumper structure is thicker than the spring portion and the jumping and restricting portion includes a projected portion in a flat plate shape and in an eaves-like shape.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates generally to a jumper structure and, in great detail, to a jumper structure suitable for being used in a precision apparatus a thickness of which is restricted, such as a watch. 
   2. Description of the Prior Art 
   It is well known in a watch or the like to use a jumper structure for rotating a date indicator for indicating a date having a date feeding finger engaged with teeth of the date indicator and having a jumping and restricting portion loaded by a spring and engaged with the teeth of the date indicator to stop rotation of the date indicator at every pitch of the teeth. 
   According to such a jumper structure, the jumping and restricting portion is thickly formed in order to make engagement between the jumping and restricting portion and the teeth of the date indicator difficult to disengage even when an impact occurs by dropping the watch. When the thick jumping and restricting portion is used, the jumping and restricting portion is formed by resin (plastic) in order to minimize mass (weight). Meanwhile, since the spring portion is always applied with a load an therefore, it is difficult to use a resin which is difficult to avoid a creep phenomenon owing to plastically flowing performance and a metal material is used as a material of the spring portion. As a result, typically, the jumper structure is provided as a composite structure constituted by mutually fixing and coupling the jumping and restricting portion made of a resin and the spring portion made of a metal. 
   However, according to such a composite structure, not only is part cost or fabrication cost likely to increase but also there is a concern that a dispersion is likely be to caused in a property of the composite structure. 
   Further, although there is known a constitution in which a jumping and restricting portion and a spring portion are integrally formed by a metal material having spring performance, when the jumping and restricting portion is thinned to minimize weight, there is a concern that engagement between the jumping and restricting portion and a teeth portion of a date indicator is liable to disengage. 
   Meanwhile, recently, there has been proposed to make a coil spring by molding a carbon nanofiber by a resin. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention has been carried out in view of the above-described various points and it is an object thereof to provide a jumper structure which is light-weighted and capable of reducing fabrication cost and a timepiece using the same. 
   In order to achieve the above-described object, according to the invention, there is provided a jumper structure integrally molded with a jumping and restricting portion made of a carbon nanofiber and a spring portion made of a carbon nanofiber. 
   According to the jumper structure of the invention, since the spring portion is made of carbon nanofiber, even when load or stress is always applied to the spring portion, there is rarely a concern of reducing spring performance by a creep phenomenon or plastic flow. Further, according to the jumper structure of the invention, since the jumping and restricting portion is made of carbon nanofiber, the specific weight of the jumping and restricting portion is smaller than that of a rigid metal material or the like and therefore, there is not a concern of excessively increasing the weight of the jumping and restricting portion and the thickness of the jumping and restricting portion can be increased. Therefore, there can be minimized a concern of disengaging engagement between the jumping and restricting portion of the jumper structure and a teeth portion engaged with and restrained by the jumping and restricting portion. Further, according to the jumper structure of the invention, since the jumping and restricting portion and the spring portion are integrally molded, integration cost of the jumper structure can be minimized. Further, according to the jumper structure of the invention, since both of the jumping and restricting portion and the spring portion which are integrally molded, are made of carbon nanofiber and can be formed typically by a material having substantially the same or similar composition, integral performance thereof can highly be maintained. 
   Further, according to the jumper structure of the invention, since the jumping and restricting portion is made of carbon nanofiber, the frictional coefficient of the jumping and restricting portion is small and therefore, the force necessary for releasing the stopping force of the jumping and restricting portion, is obtained by a minimum force larger than the resistance or load prescribed by shapes of the jumping a d restricting portion and the teeth portion, and the strength of a spring of the spring portion and energy consumption necessary for causing a jumping operation of a jumping and restricting operation can be minimized. Further, when the frictional coefficient of the jumping and restricting portion is large, a dispersion in frictional force caused by a dispersion in the frictional coefficient also become large, there is a concern of enlarging a dispersion in force necessary for releasing stopping by the jumping and restricting portion and it is necessary to design a rotational drive system of a date indicator or the like in consideration of a maximum value of the dispersion, however, according to the jumper structure of the invention, such an excessive design can be restrained to a minimum. 
   In the specification, with regard to the jumping and restricting portion and the spring portion, the phrase “made of carbon nanofiber” includes carbon nanofiber as a major component such that the property of carbon nanofiber that the specific weight is small can be made full use of so that stable spring performance with no creep can be brought about, and a rate of carbon nanofiber falls in a range of about 1% through about 60% in weight. Further, a coupling material or a binder for mutually coupling carbon nanofibers in order to integrally mold the jumper structure, may be constituted by a resin or the like, may include a resin or the like, may be comprised of a constitution produced by baking and actually carbonizing a resin or the like so far as the coupling material or the binder falls in a range capable of substantially avoiding the creep phenomenon or flow of composition in the binder material of the spring portion. 
   The integrally molded jumper structure made of carbon nanofiber may be formed by mixing power of carbon nanofiber to, for example, thermoplastic plastic, molding by injection molding or powder molding and baking the mixture to thereby substantially sinter the mixture while carbonizing the plastic material, or may be formed by mixing the powder with a material of thermosetting plastic, molding by compression molding or transfer molding or the like and baking the mixture to thereby substantially sinter the mixture while carbonizing the plastic material. 
   Although carbon nanofiber used in molding is typically constituted by so-to-speak single layer carbon nanotube, the carbon nanofiber may be constituted by a plural layers (multiple layers) or may be mixed with single layer ones and plural layer ones. In the case of multiple layers, two or three layers thereof may be laminated and more layers, for example, several tens layers thereof may be laminated. Depending on cases, several hundreds layers or more thereof may be laminated. Further, the carbon nanofiber may be constructed by a constitution having a constant diameter or chiral angle or spiral pitch thereof or mixed with constitutions having different diameters and chiral angles. Further, a diameter or the like of the respective carbon nanofiber per se may not be constant. Further, although carbon nanofiber typically comprises only carbon, depending on cases, small particles of carbon of other kind (small particles in the form of graphite, small particles in the form of amorphous carbon, small particles in the form of carbon black or the like) or other kind of atoms, molecules or small particles or the like may adhere to a surface of the nanofiber or mixed with nanofiber particles. 
   In molding, carbon nanofiber typically comprises powder or a small particles such that the carbon nanofiber is easy to be dispersed uniformly in a comparatively small amount of a resin material for constituting a binder and a diameter thereof falls in a range of about 1 nm (nanometer) through about several tens nm and a length thereof falls in a range of about several nm through several thousands nm. Further, an aspect ratio thereof is equal to or larger than 50. 
   In molding by using a resin material, it is preferable that a rate of a molding material such as a resin material is comparatively small in order to minimize the change in dimension and shape by carbonizing and sintering after molding the resin. When small particles of carbon nanofiber are small and a molding material including a resin material and a molding assisting agent added as necessary, can be provided with sufficient fluidity, there is used injection molding utilizing a thermoplastic resin or compression molding or transfer molding utilizing thermosetting resin material. In this case, a rate of small particles of carbon nanofiber is preferably equal to or higher than, for example, about 50% in volume, depending on cases, the rate may be smaller, for example, may be about 20 through 30% in volume. Further, when the rate of the carbon nanofiber is increased, powder molding may be carried out in the state of powder along with a small amount of a binder. 
   Carbonizing and baking (typically sintering) after molding a resin are typically carried out after removing the product from a molding die. However, when desired, after molding, at inside of the molding die, the product may further be carbonized or carbonized and baked. Further, a degree of carbonizing and baking may pertinently be selected in accordance with spring performance to be provided to the spring portion of the jumper structure and low frictional performance desired in the jumping and restricting portion. For example, in carbonizing, the resin may partially remain so far as plastic fluidity particular to resin can be avoided from being caused at a portion for constituting the spring portion and a degree of sintering by baking may be restrained to be low when the resin can operate partially as a binder between carbon nanofibers. Temperature, time period and atmospheric condition of sintering by carbonizing or baking may pertinently be changed in accordance with kind and rate of a resin material. 
   Further, although according to the above-described, an explanation has been given such that a total of the jumper structure is formed by one kind of a blend material and under the same carbonizing and baking condition, the spring portion and the jumping and restricting portion may be formed by materials having different blending rates or the spring portion and the jumping and restricting portion may be carbonized or baked (sintered or the like) at different temperatures. 
   In order to prevent engagement between the jumping and restricting portion and the teeth portion to which the jumping and restricting portion is engaged, from being disengaged in the axial line direction of the teeth, as described above, it is preferable that the thickness of the jumping and restricting portion with regard to the axial line direction is comparatively large and typically, the jumping and restricting portion (more in details, a jumping and restricting finger portion of the jumping and restricting portion) is formed more thickly than the spring portion. However, for example, when a thickness of the spring portion with regard to the above-described axis line direction, that is, a length of the spring portion in the width direction is made comparatively large, the jumping and restricting portion and the spring portion may be constituted by the same degree of thickness or the spring portion may be thicker than the jumping and restricting portion. Further, the thickness of the teeth portion in the axial line direction, is comparatively small typically in order to minimize mass of the teeth portion and therefore, the jumping and restricting portion is typically formed to be thicker than the teeth portion. 
   In order to minimize a concern of disengaging engagement between the jumping and restricting portion and the teeth portion in the axial line direction of the teeth portion by impact of drop or the like, the jumping and restricting portion is provided with a restricting portion for restricting a positional shift of the jumping and restricting portion in the thickness direction of the jumping and restricting portion relative to the teeth portion engaged with the jumping and restricting finger portion of the jumping and restricting portion. However, when the jumping and restricting portion is thick, the restricting portion may be dispensed with. The restricting portion is typically projected in an eaves-like shape to be opposed to an end face in the axial line direction of the teeth portion by being brought into contact with or locked by the end face to thereby enable to restrict the positional shift in the axial line direction. Although the eaves-like projected restricting portion may be constituted by a rod-like shape, the portion typically comprises a projected portion in a flat plate shape and in an eaves-like shape broadly projected to be able to be brought into contact with end faces of the plurality of teeth of the teeth portion. In this case, typically, by the restricting portion comprising the projected portion in the flat plate shape and in the eaves-like shape, a positional shift in the axial line direction between the jumping and restricting finger portion of the jumping and restricting portion and the teeth portion is restricted, thereby, engagement between the both can be prevented from being disengaged. Further, since the jumping and restricting portion is made of carbon nanofiber having the small specific weight and therefore, even when the jumping and restricting portion is provided with such an extra restricting portion, an increase in the mass is restrained to the minimum and excessive load can be avoided from applying to the rotational drive system or the like. 
   Such a jumper structure is typically used in a precision apparatus or the like a thickness of which is desired to be restrained to a minimum as in a watch or the like. In that case, such a jumper structure is engaged with a wheel for indicating date as in a date indicator or a day indicator of a timepiece and a wheel having teeth at a peripheral face thereof, that is, a teeth portion of a toothed wheel to restrain rotation of the toothed wheel. However, it is apparent that the jumper structure can be integrated to other arbitrary machine or apparatus. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
     A preferred form of the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which: 
       FIG. 1  is an explanatory plane view of a watch using a date jumper structure constituting a jumper structure according to a preferable embodiment of the invention (state removed of a case, a dial and the like); 
       FIG. 2  is an explanatory plane view showing to enlarge a state of settling (locking) of the date jumper with regard to the watch of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3  is an explanatory plane view showing to enlarge a state of jumping (jumping and restricting) of the date jumper with regard to the watch of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 4  is an explanatory sectional view taken along a line IV—IV of  FIG. 3 ; and 
       FIG. 5  is an explanatory perspective view of the date jumper of FIG.  1 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   Next, an explanation will be given of a preferable mode for carrying out the invention in reference to a preferable embodiment shown by the attached drawings. 
   According to a watch  1  constituting a timepiece according to a preferable embodiment of the invention, as is known from FIG.  1  through  FIG. 4  shown by a state of removing a case or a frame, a hand and a dial, a teeth portion of an outer periphery of a date indicator driving wheel  4  is brought in mesh with a teeth portion of an outer periphery of an hour wheel  3  attached with an hour hand and rotated relative to a main plate  2  around a central axis line C 1  and during a time period in which the hour wheel  3  is rotated by two rotations in a D 1  direction around the axis line C 1 , the date indicator driving wheel  4  is rotated by one rotation in a D 2  direction around an axis line C 2 . Further, numeral  5  designates a minute wheel and a teeth portion of an outer periphery of the minute wheel  5  is brought in mesh with the teeth portion of the outer periphery of the hour wheel  3  and is brought in mesh with a center wheel &amp; pinion (not illustrated) at the teeth portion of the outer periphery and transmits rotation of the center wheel &amp; pinion to the hour wheel  3  by reducing the speed to {fraction (1/12)}. In  FIG. 4  showing a section taken along a line IV—IV of  FIG. 3 , numerals  51  and  52  designate a stator and a rotor coil block of a motor  50 . 
   For simplifying the explanation, in the following, in  FIG. 1 , a face in parallel with a face of the drawing is defined as X-Y plane and a direction directed to this side orthogonally to the plane is defined as Z direction. 
   The date indicator driving wheel  4  is provided with a date feeding finger  6  projected in Z direction at an end face on a top side thereof. The main plate  2  is provided with a recessed portion  7  substantially in a ring-like shape having a circular inner peripheral face  7   a  having a large diameter and outer peripheral faces  7   b  and  7   c  prescribing a portion of a circle having a small diameter and the recessed portion  7  is loosely fitted with a date indicator  8  in a ring-like shape in a state of leaving a clearance anticipating a maximum tolerance amount. The date feeding finger  6  can be engaged with teeth  10  of a teeth portion  9  of an inner peripheral face of the date indicator  8  having a larger diameter and substantially in a ring-like shape and during a time period in which the date indicator driving wheel  4  is rotated by one rotation, the date feeding finger  6  is engaged with one of the teeth  10  of the teeth portion  9  of the date indicator  8  and rotates the date indicator  8  by one pitch in a D 3  direction. 
   Although a center cylinder portion  11  and a shaft portion  12  of the hour wheel  3  and the date indicator driving wheel  4  are supported by portions constituting bearings (not illustrated) at least on one end sides thereof, the date indicator  8  in the ring-like shape having the large diameter is only loosely fitted by the recessed portion  7  of the main plate  2  and is not provided with a shaft portion to be supported thereby. Therefore, displacement of the date indicator  8  in −Z direction relative the main plate  2  is restricted by a bottom face  13  ( FIG. 4 ) of the recessed portion  7  of the main plate  2  and displacement thereof in +Z direction relative to the main plate  2  is restricted by a date indicator holder  14  shown by imaginary lines in FIG.  1  through FIG.  3  and partially shown by bold lines in FIG.  4 . Further, although the date indicator  8  is typically provided with a thickness of, for example, about 0.2 mm, the thickness may be thicker or thinner than 0.2 mm. The date indicator holder  14  is provided with notched portions  17  and  18  or the like and at inside of the notched portion  17 , the date feeding finger  6  of the date indicator driving wheel  5  is projected in +Z direction and is movable in the notched portion  17  and at the notched portion  18 , a jumping and restricting portion  23  of a date jumper  20  constituting a jumper structure is projected in +Z direction and is movable in the notched portion  18  in a face in parallel with X-Y plane in E 1  and E 2  directions as described later. 
   The date jumper  20  is provided with a bearing hole  21  fitted to a shaft portion  15  formed at the main plate  2 , and is provided with a base portion  22  rotatable around a rotational axis line or rotational center C 3  in E 1  and E 2  direction, the jumping and restricting portion  23  for restricting rotation of the date indicator  8  in D 2  direction, a rigid shaft portion  24  connecting the base portion  22  and the jumping and restricting portion  23  and a spring portion  27  substantially in a U-like shape extended from a side face  26  of a base end portion  25  of the rigid shaft portion  24  to deviate the jumping and restricting portion  23  of the date jumper  20  in E 1  direction around the axis line C 3 . The spring portion  27  may be constituted by other arbitrary shape such as a simple linear shape or a bow shape or an arc shape or the like in place of the U-like shape so far as the spring portion  27  can exert deviating force in E 1  direction to the jumping and restricting portion  23 . 
   The jumping and restricting portion  23  is provided with jumping and restricting faces or engaging side faces  29  and  30  having a converging shape prescribing a jumping and restricting finger portion  28  for locking rotation of the date indicator  8  by fitting into an interval between a pair of the contiguous teeth  10 ,  10  constituting the teeth portion  9  at the inner periphery of the date indicator  8  and engaging with the contiguous teeth  10 ,  10 . Further, the engaging side faces  29  and  30  are intersected at a front end portion  31  and the end portion  31  rides over a front end  10   a  of one of the teeth  10  in jumping or in jumping and restricting. Further, although the front end  31  is typically constituted by a dot-like shape in plane view, depending on cases, the front end  31  may be constituted by a projected shape projected to bend. 
   That is, during most of a time period in one rotation of the date indicator driving wheel  4 , the date feeding finger  6  of the date indicator driving wheel  4  is disposed at a location remote from the teeth  10  of the teeth portion  9  of the date indicator  8  and as shown by  FIG. 2 , the date jumper  20  is deviated around the center axis line C 3  in the E 1  direction by spring force of the spring portion  27  and the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  of the jumping and restricting portion  23  is engaged with the pair of teeth  10 ,  10  of the date wheel  8  to thereby lock rotation of the date indicator  8 . Meanwhile, every time that the date indicator driving wheel  4  is substantially rotated by one rotation, at a constant timing (end of one day) in the one rotation of the date indicator driving wheel  4 , the date feeding finger  6  is engaged with the mostly proximate one of the teeth  10  on the downstream side and pushes the teeth  10  in the D 3  direction against the spring force of the spring portion  27  of the date jumper  20 . When the date indicator  8  is rotated in the D 3  direction by rotational torque in the D 3  direction around the rotational axis line C 1  applied to the teeth  10 , the jumping and restricting portion  23  is pivoted in the E 2  direction around the center axis line C 3  by a tooth  10   r  on the downstream side in the pair of teeth  10 ,  10  (that is, teeth  10   r  and  10   f  on the downstream side and the upstream side of  FIG. 2 ) As a result, the date jumper  20  reaches a jumping position or a jumping and restricting position of  FIG. 3  in accordance with rotation of the date indicator driving wheel  4  in the D 2  direction and rotation of the date indicator  8  in the D 3  direction. When the date jumper  20  slightly rides over the jumping and restricting position (jumping position), the date jumper  20  rotates the date indicator  8  by an mount of one pitch of the teeth  10  of the teeth portion  9  while being fitted to an interval between the next pair of the teeth  10 ,  10  in one motion by the spring force of the spring portion  27  in the E 1  direction to thereby advance date indication by one day. In rotating the date indicator  8 , the teeth  10  of the teeth portion  9  of the date indicator  8  leave from the date feeding finger  6  of the date indicator driving wheel  4  and next ones of the teeth  10  on the downstream side reach a position at which the ones of the teeth  10  can engage with the date feeding finger  6  only after the date indicator  4  and the date feeding finger  6  make substantially another rotation. 
   In further details, in addition to FIG.  2  through  FIG. 4 , as is understood from  FIG. 5 , a thickness of the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  of the jumping and restricting portion  23 , that is, a length thereof in Z direction is larger than thicknesses or lengths in Z direction of the base portion  22 , the rigid shaft portion  24  and the spring portion  27 . Typically, the thicknesses of the shaft portion  24  and the spring portion  27  are about 0.2 mm and the thickness of the jumping and restricting portion  23  is about 0.5 mm. However, any of these portions may be thicker or thinner. Further, the jumping and restricting portion  23  is provided with an eaves-like flat plate portion  32  as a restricting portion projected frontward from the jumping faces or the engaging side faces  29  and  30  and the end portion  31  to have a main face substantially flush with a main face of the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  on a side proximate to the main plate  2 . In this case, the front direction signifies a direction in which corresponding teeth of the date indicator  8  are disposed, that is, in this example, an outer direction in a radius direction with respect to the center C 1 . Further, the eaves-like flat plate portion  32  may be provided on an upper side (front face side) instead of being provided on a lower side (back face side) or may be provided on two upper and lower sides. 
   Further, although a position of the rigid shaft portion  24  connected to the jumping and restricting portion  23  with regard to the thickness direction Z, is typically disposed at a center portion in Z direction of the jumping and restricting portion  23  as in the illustrated example, instead thereof, the position may be a position shifted in + or −Z direction or either of main faces of the jumping and restricting portion  23  on + or −Z side may be flush with the main face on + or −Z side of the rigid shaft portion  24 . 
   Therefore, even when respectives of the side faces  29  and  30  of the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  of the jumping and restricting portion  23  are engaged with corresponding ones of the teeth  10 ,  10  as shown by  FIG. 2 , further, even when engagement between the side faces  29  and  30  of the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  of the jumping and restricting portion  23  and the teeth  10 ,  10  of the teeth portion  9  is disengaged and the jumping and restricting end portion  31  of the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  rides over one of the teeth  10  along the front end  10   a  of the one of the teeth  10  of the teeth portion  9  as shown by  FIG. 3 , since an inner side main face  33  of the eaves-like flat plate portion  32  is disposed proximately to an outer side main face  16  of the teeth portion  9  of the date indicator  8 , displacement or positional shift in −Z direction of the date indicator  8  relative to the jumping and restricting portion  23  is hampered by the eaves-like flat plate portion  32  of the jumping and restricting portion  23 . Further, although the eaves-like flat plate portion  32  is extended to the back side of the outer side face  16  of the center of one of the teeth  10  in jumping, the eaves-like flat plate portion  32  may be extended to a position opposed to an outer side face (end face disposed in −Z direction) of the contiguous teeth  10 , 10  on both sides of the upstream side and the downstream side (that is, both or either of teeth  10   r   1  and  10   f   1 , for example, one of the teeth  10  on the downstream side (that is, tooth  10   r   1 ). 
   Further, displacement or positional shift in the +Z direction of the date indicator  8  relative to the jumping and restricting portion  23 , is restricted by a holding face  14   a  of the date indicator holder  14  as is known from FIG.  4 . Further, since the jumping and restricting portion  23  of the date jumper  20  is thicker than the rigid shaft portion  24 , the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  of the jumping and restricting portion  23  is brought into the notched portion  18  of the date indicator holder  14  in the Z direction as described above. Therefore, even when the date indicator  8  is shifted in the +Z direction relative to the jumping and restricting portion  23  to a maximum limit of being brought into contact with the inner face  14   a  of the date indicator holder  14 , there is not a concern that engagement between the teeth portion  9  of the date indicator  8  and the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  of the jumping and restricting portion  23  is disengaged. Even in locking operation in which the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  of the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  of the jumping and restricting portion  23  of the date jumper  20  is engaged with at least one of the pair of contiguous ones of teeth  10 ,  10  of the date indicator  8  (tooth disposed on the back side with regard to the rotational direction D 3 ), or even in jumping operation or jumping and restricting operation in which the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  is brought into contact with the apex or the front end portion  10   a  of one of the teeth  10  of the date indicator  8 , the condition remains unchanged and therefore, there is not a concern of releasing engagement between the teeth portion  9  of the date indicator  8  and the jumping and restricting finger portion  29  of the jumping and restricting portion  23  in all the positions of operating the date jumper  20 . 
   According to the date jumper  20 , the jumping and restricting portion  23 , that is, the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  and the eaves-like flat plate portion  32  are made of carbon nanofiber and mass thereof is small (in comparison with a case in which the jumping and restricting portion  23  is made of a metal material) and therefore, external force (inertia force) exerted to the watch by dropping the watch  1  can be restrained to a minimum. As a result, there is hardly a concern of causing a positional shift in the jumping and restricting portion  23 . 
   In addition, the jumping and restricting portion  23 , that is, the jumping and restricting finger portion  28  and the eaves-like flat plate portion  32  are made of carbon nanofiber and a frictional coefficient thereof is small and therefore, during a time period of all of the jumping and restricting operation of the date jumper  20 , frictional resistance of the jumping and restricting portion  23  of the date jumper  20  against rotation of the date indicator  8  in D 2  direction can be restrained to be low and therefore, it is not necessary to apply excessive load for rotating the date indicator  8 . 
   Further, the spring portion  27  of the date jumper  20  is made of carbon nanofiber and therefore, even when the spring portion  27  is always applied with rotational torque or force in E 2  direction, the spring portion  27  can exert elastic force in E 1  direction without actually losing the spring performance or lowering the spring performance and continue exerting locking force to the jumping and restricting portion  23  in E 1  direction around the rotational axis line C 3 . 
   Further, since the spring portion  27  of the date jumper  20  is made of carbon nanofiber, when the jumping and restricting portion  23  is pivoted in E 1  and E 2  directions, a supported portion  34  at a front end of “U” of the spring portion  27  in the U-like shape, can slidingly be moved pertinently in F 1  and F 2  directions relative to a spring receive portion  2  in a projected shape of the main plate  19  and therefore, a load state applied to the spring portion  27  can be varied regularly and periodically. As a result, according to the date jumper  20 , there is rarely a concern of dispersing a jumping and restricting state by the jumping and restricting portion  23  and energy consumption of a drive source can be restrained to a minimum. Further, the base portion  22  of the date jumper  22  is made of carbon nanofiber and a frictional coefficient thereof is small and therefore, frictional resistance between the base portion  22  and the shaft portion  15  is also small, the date jumper  20  can slidingly be rotated around the rotational axis line C 3 , there is rarely a concern of dispersing the jumping and restricting state by the jumping and restricting portion  23  and energy consumption of a drive source can be restrained to a minimum. Further, the date jumper  20  comprises an integrally molded product and therefore, the cost in assembling or the like can be restrained to a minimum. 
   Although according to the above-described, an explanation has been given of an example in which the date jumper  20  constituting the jumper structure is integrally provided with the base portion  22 , the-rigid shaft portion  24 , the jumping and restricting portion  23  and the spring portion  27  and rotatably fitted to the shaft portion  15  at the base portion  22 , so far as the jumping and restricting operation (locking and jumping and restricting (jumping) operation) can be made to be carried out at the jumping and restricting portion  23  by the spring portion  27 , the base portion and the shaft portion may be dispensed with, further, the date jumper  20  may be integrally formed with other member such as the main plate. That is, the date jumper  20  may be constructed by other constitution, for example, as follows. 
   (1) As described in  FIG. 3  of Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2183/1988 or in  FIG. 3  of Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 164183/1981, a date jumper comprising a jumping and restricting portion and a spring portion may integrally be formed with a date indicator holder. In this case, according to the present invention, also the date indicator holder is mainly made of carbon nanofiber similar to the date jumper. Further, in this case, it is preferable to make a thickness of the jumping and restricting portion thicker than a thickness of the spring portion. 
   (2) As described in  FIG. 3  of Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 164183/1981, a day jumper comprising a jumping and restricting portion and a spring portion may further be formed integrally with the date indicator holder. Further, also in this case, it is preferable to make the thickness of the jumping and restricting portion thicker than the thickness of the spring portion. 
   As described above, the date jumper  20  may be provided with any other shape and structure so far as the spring portion and the restricting portion are provided to provide a jumping and restricting function to the date indicator  8 . Further, the jumper structure may be other jumper such as a day jumper in place of the date jumper or may be used in a machine or an apparatus other than a watch.