Abstract:
A portable electronic device comprising
       a user input device capable of adopting at least three pre-determined positions, each of which enables an associated function to be actuated,   a processor for receiving inputs from the user input device and altering the operating state of the portable electronic device accordingly,   wherein the user input device is operable in at least a menu-navigational mode and a text-editing mode, at least one of the pre-determined positions of the user input device being associated with both a menu-navigational function and a text-editing function.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a portable device. In particular, it relates to the user interface of a portable device, such as a radio communications device. 
   2. Description of the Prior Art 
   There is currently a trend to strive towards the miniaturization and wearability of portable devices. Particularly where phones are concerned, this results in a trade off against the ergonomics and ease of use of a conventional handset. One option is to compromise on the functionality of the device. However, another trend is to develop a new user interface that still supports typical features, such as phone calls, messaging and paging in an easily accessible way. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In accordance with the invention there is provided a portable electronic device comprising a user input device capable of adopting at least three pre-determined positions, each of which enables an associated function to be actuated, a processor for receiving inputs from the user input device and altering the operating state of the portable electronic device accordingly, wherein the user input device is operable in at least a menu-navigational mode and a text-editing mode, at least one of the pre-determined positions of the user input device being associated with both a menu-navigational function and a text-editing function. 
   Preferably, in the menu-navigational mode, the user input device is operable when in a first position to actuate a scrolling function. 
   Preferably, in the menu-navigational mode, the user input device is operable when in a second position to actuate the presentation of a higher level menu than that previously presented. 
   Preferably, in the menu-navigational mode, the user input device is operable when in a third position to actuate the presentation of a lower level menu than that previously presented. 
   Preferably, in the menu-navigational mode, the user input device is operable when in a fourth position to actuate the selection of an item from a menu. 
   Preferably, in the text-editing mode, the user input device is operable to add a character to presented text when the user input device is held in a predetermined position for more than a predetermined period. 
   Preferably the user input device is operable to add a character to presented text when the user input device is pressed for more than a predetermined period. 
   Preferably, in the text-editing mode, the user input device is operable to delete a character from presented text when the user input device is held in a pre-determined position for less than a predetermined period. 
   Preferably, in the text-editing mode, the user input device is operable to delete a character from presented text when the user input device is pressed for less than a predetermined period. 
   Preferably, in the text-editing mode, the user input device is operable when in a first position to present a menu of options to a user. 
   Preferably the user input device is capable of adopting two pre-determined positions simultaneously. 
   Preferably the user input device is a joystick, a rocker or a roller switch. 
   In accordance with a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method of menu navigation and data entry comprising moving a user input device to one of at least three pre-determined positions, each of which enables an associated function to be actuated, receiving inputs from the user input device and altering the operating state of the portable electronic device accordingly, presenting a menu-navigational mode or a text-editing mode in response to an input from the user input device, at least one of the pre-determined positions of the user input device being associated with both a menu-navigational function and a text-editing function. 
   For a better understanding of the present invention and to understand how the same may be brought into effect reference will now be made by way of example to the enclosed drawings in which: 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1   a  is a front perspective view of a phone in a closed configuration; 
       FIG. 1   b  is a side perspective view of the phone in a closed configuration; 
       FIG. 2   a  is a front perspective view of the phone in an open configuration; 
       FIG. 2   b  is a side perspective view of the phone in an open configuration; 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic illustration of the phone; 
       FIG. 4  is an illustration of the joystick of the phone; 
       FIG. 5  illustrates the Menu structure in the phone; 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a first method of data entry in accordance with the invention; 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a second method of data entry in accordance with the invention; 
       FIG. 8  is a front perspective view of the phone in an open configuration; 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a third method of data entry in accordance with the invention; 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a fourth method of data entry in accordance with the invention; 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a method of variable scrolling speed in accordance with the invention; 
       FIG. 12  is a flow chart illustrating the multiple functionality of an on/off switch of the phone; 
       FIG. 13  illustrates various idle screens; 
       FIGS. 14 and 15  illustrate the functionality of an easy access button; and 
       FIG. 16  illustrates various message screens. 
       FIG. 17   a  illustrates how message functions can be accessed through the Menu  50 ; 
       FIG. 17   b  illustrates various formats that a displayed message or displayed caller details may take; 
       FIG. 18   a  illustrates how a message may be read when received with the cover open; 
       FIG. 18   b  illustrates how a message may be read when received with the cover closed using the easy access key and then optionally opening the cover; 
       FIG. 18   c  illustrates how a message may be read when received with the cover closed without using the easy access button but by opening the cover. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIGS. 1 and 2  illustrate a phone  2 . The phone has a body portion  4  and a cover portion  6  connected by a hinge  5 . The cover is movable between a closed position as illustrated in  FIGS. 1   a  (front perspective) and  1   b  (side perspective) and an open position as illustrated in  FIGS. 2   a  (front perspective) and  2   b  (side perspective). 
   The body portion  4  includes a back face  7  which forms the back of the phone, lateral side faces  8   a  and  8   b  which form the sides of the phone, an upper side face  10  which forms the top side of the phone, a lower side face  12  which forms the bottom side of the phone, and a front face  14  which is exposed when the cover is in the open position and concealed when the cover is in the closed position. The body has: an antenna  16  on its upper side face  10 ; a microphone  18  on its lower side face  12 ; an open-cover button  20 , a voice dial button  22 , and an on/off button  24  on its side faces  8 ; and has a display  26  and a user input device  28  which is preferably a joystick on its front face  14 . The buttons are user actuatable. The body also has a hinge switch  30  (not shown) which detects the position of the cover, being actuated when the cover opens and closes. 
   The cover portion  6  has an exterior surface  32  which is accessible when the cover is in the closed position and an interior surface  34  which is inaccessible when the cover is in the closed position but is exposed when the cover is in the open position. The cover portion has on its exterior surface  32  an easily accessible button  36  and a speaker  38 . The cover portion has on its interior surface  34  a speaker  40 . The cover also has an aperture  42  extending all the way through the cover. The aperture is positioned and sized so that when the cover is in the closed position only a first portion  26   a  of the display  26  is visible through the aperture  42  to the user. The aperture may be covered with a transparent material to allow the user to see the first portion of the display  26   a.    
   When the cover is in the closed position the interior surface  34  of the cover abuts with the front face  14  of the body  4 . The cover is arranged and sized to enclose the input device  28  and display  26  to prevent access by the user. A portion  26   a  of the display  26  may, however, be viewed by a user through the aperture  36 . 
   When the cover is in the open position the front face  14  of the body and the interior surface  34  of the cover  6  form an oblique angle of between 135 and 175 degrees. In this configuration the whole of the display  26  is exposed, the user input device  28  is exposed and the microphone  18  on the lower side face  12  of the body  4  and the speaker  40  on the interior surface  34  of the cover  6  are at their maximal separation. 
   The dimensions of the phone in this example are: length 60 mm, width 40 mm depth 20 mm approx. The display is 2.1×1.4 cm (84×48 pixels). 
     FIG. 3  is a schematic illustration of the phone  2 . The phone  2  has the previously described antenna  16 , voice dial button  22 , on/off button  24 , input device (joystick)  28 , hinge switch  30 , easily accessible button  36 , microphone  18 , display  26 , speakers  40  and  38 . In addition the phone has a processor  44 , a transceiver  46  and a memory  48 . The antenna  16  is connected to the transceiver  46 . The transceiver has reception circuitry for receiving radio frequency signals encoded with data. It processes the received signals as is known in the art to provide the data in digital form to the processor  50 . This data may be a voice message or part of a phone conversation in which case the processor controls the speaker  40  to provide an audible output to the user. Alternatively the data may be part of an alphanumeric message in which case the processor  44  is operable to provide the message on the display. The transceiver has transmission circuitry which is provided with digital data from the processor  44  which may have been input via the microphone  18  or via the input device  28  as alphanumeric characters. The transmission circuitry produces radio frequency signals encoded with that data. The processor is connected to memory  48  to which it can write and from which it can read. The memory  48  typically stores software which controls the functioning of the processor and the phone. In particular the software controls how the processor responds to inputs and what outputs it provides. 
   The processor is connected to the display  26  and to the speakers  40  and  38 . It controls the output provided by these devices. 
   The processor is arranged to receive an input from the microphone  18 , the input device (joystick)  28 , the hinge switch  30 , the on/off button  24 , the voice dial button  22  and the easily accessible button  36 . 
   The open cover button  20  is not illustrated in  FIG. 3  as it opens the cover by mechanical as opposed to electrical action. The natural or low energy configuration for the phone is when the cover is open. The cover is biased to be in the open position. When a user closes the cover they rotate the cover on its hinge against that bias and bring the cover and body into contact. The cover is latched in this closed position. Activating the open cover button releases the latch and the cover springs open. 
   The antenna  16 , transceiver  46 , processor  44 , memory  48 , display  26 , speaker and microphone  18  are standard features of a phone. Previously such features have operated in combination with a keypad to provide the standard functions of a phone including making a call either via a phone book or by direct character entry, receiving a call, creating and sending a message, reading a received message and maintaining a phonebook. However, in the phone  2 , the features operate in combination with the joystick  28  to provide these standard functions. 
   Previously in the NOKIA 6110 telephone the keypad had 12 alphanumeric keys, two soft keys whose function changes and a scroll key. The functions of that phone are accessed through a Menu which is navigated using the soft keys and the scroll key. In the phone  2 , the functions of the phone are accessed through a Menu which is navigated using the joystick  28 . 
     FIG. 4  illustrates the joystick  28  of a unitary construction which can be moved with a user&#39;s thumb. The joystick can be pushed forward (towards the display) while simultaneously pushed to the left or right, pushed to the left or right while simultaneously pushed up or pulled back (towards the microphone), and pulled back while simultaneously being pulled left or right. In addition to each of the above movements the joystick may be simultaneously pushed inwards towards the face  14 . The joystick  28  has a resting position and is resiliently biased so to return to a resting position when the user has moved or depressed the joystick and then released the joystick. 
   The joystick operates in two different modes. The joystick operates by default in “navigation” mode except when in “text editing” mode. In navigation mode there are five independent mutually exclusive activation states for the joystick. 
   When the joystick is pushed up, the processor performs an upward scrolling function within the current level of the Menu and updates the display accordingly. When the joystick is pulled back, the processor performs a downward scrolling function within the current level of the Menu and updates the display accordingly. These scrolling functions are the same as those scrolling functions in the NOKIA 6110. When the joystick is pushed to the left, the processor exits to the previous higher level in the Menu. When the joystick is pushed to the right, the processor presents on the display the options available to the user but in the Idle Mode it brings up the Menu. When the joystick is pushed inwards the processor enters the next level of the Menu or if there are no further levels the joystick will display the options available to the user. 
     FIG. 5  illustrates the layout of a Menu  50 . When the phone is first switched on it enters the Idle state  54  in which the phone waits to receive a call or for user actuation. The joystick is in navigation mode. Pushing the joystick to the right enters the Menu  50 . The Menu has on its first level  52  seven selectable items. These items are: Number Dial  521  which allows the user to input a number or select a number from memory for dialling; Call Divert  522  which includes options for diverting an incoming call to another number; Settings  523  which includes settings related to calls, phone and security; Profiles  524  which includes options for a user to customise the modes of phone use; Names  525  which is an editable phonebook from which calls can be made; Call Register  526  which includes a record of phone calls made; and Messages  528  which includes options for reading and composing text messages. The user can move from one item to an adjacent item by pushing the joystick up or down. The user can select an item and enter the second level  53  of the menu by pushing the joystick in. The user can return to the idle state from the first level  54  by pushing the joystick to the left. 
   The Menu items are the same as those in the NOKIA 6110 except that the joystick is used to navigate the Menu  100  and that due to the absence of an alphanumeric key keypad a new Number Dial item  521  is provided and new alphanumeric character entry methods are provided within each of the items where necessary. 
   In Idle mode the joystick has several pre-defined modes of operation. Pulling the joystick back causes the Names menu  525  to be displayed. Pressing the joystick inwards results in a shortcut to redial the last number dialled. Pressing the joystick inwards when an alphanumeric message is received causes the phone to display the Message “In Box” to read the message. Pressing the joystick inwards when an incoming call is received causes the incoming call to be answered. 
   The “text editing” mode of the joystick is active when alphanumeric character entry is required. In this mode the joystick operates in the same manner as an integrated cursor control device in the keyboard of a portable computer in that the joystick controls the position of a cursor or similar selector on the display  26 . The joystick can additionally be pressed to accept the selected character(s). 
   In “text editing” mode, a short press of the joystick to the left results in the deletion of the previous character. A long press to the left (1–2 seconds) causes the deletion of all the text entered so far. In this case the phone subsequently reverts to Idle mode. 
   A call may be made using the phone via the Names item  525 , via Number Dial item  521  or via voice dial. 
   An incoming call may be answered, when the phone is in the closed configuration, by opening the cover. An incoming call may be answered when the phone is in the open configuration by pressing the joystick inwards. Closing the cover or by pressing the joystick inwards ends the call. When the cover is open, pushing the joystick to the left rejects the call. The content of the display is the same when an incoming call is received irrespective of whether the cover is open or closed. 
   Turning now to the menu structure as shown in  FIG. 5 , further details of the menu structure will be described with reference to  FIG. 6 . 
   A mixed menu of characters and operands for functions of the phone (e.g. to make a call) is used. In this case, the joystick is used to navigate to the Number Dial menu which is then selected by pushing the joystick inwards. A menu is displayed on the display and a user selects the numerical characters by pushing forward and pulling back the joystick as appropriate. Once the number input is complete, the user selects the Call operand item from the menu and the call is established. 
     FIG. 6  shows the display  26  displaying the “Number Dial” menu item  521 . In  FIG. 6  a left arrow indicates that the joystick is pushed to the left, a right arrow indicates that the joystick is pushed to the right, an up arrow indicates that the joystick is pushed forward, a down arrow indicates that the joystick is pulled back and the symbol • indicates that the joystick is pushed inwards. A user selects the Number Dial option by pushing the joystick inwards ( 602 ) as described previously. 
   The display then changes to a text input mode with a menu  60  on the right-hand side of the display. The items of the menu  60  comprise both alphanumeric characters and operands, e.g. Call, OK, Name, Add etc. These operands can be represented textually or graphically as shown in  FIG. 6 . The icon  66  of a phone indicates the call operand. Thus a user can access the required functionality of the phone without having to move to a separate menu to carry out an action. 
   To select from the menu  60 , a user scrolls through the menu ( 604 ) by pushing the joystick forward (if movement up the menu is required) or pulling the joystick back (if movement down the menu is required). Each item in the menu  60  is highlighted at the bottom right-hand corner of the display as the menu is scrolled. When the required alphanumeric character is highlighted, the user selects the character ( 606 ) by pushing the joystick inwards. The selected character  62  is then displayed on the left-hand side of the display  26 , adjacent the menu  60 . This action is repeated ( 608 ) until the text input is completed. 
   When the user has finished inputting the number, the user selects the phone icon  66  from the menu  60  by pushing the joystick inwards ( 610 ). The display  26  then changes ( 612 ) to indicate that this operand is being performed and the device proceeds to try to establish the call. 
   As described previously, pushing the joystick to the right at any time ( 614 ) causes the display of options available to the user at that time and pushing the joystick to the left at any time ( 616 ) causes the current menu to be exited. 
     FIG. 7  shows the menus available when the Name menu  525  is selected. The user is presented with the “Add Name” option  72  and inputs a name using the alphanumeric characters in the menu  70 . Again the items of the menu  70  comprise both alphanumeric characters and operands, e.g. OK, Caps (for capital letters), Insert, Exit etc. Once the name has been input, the user then selects from the menu  70  the required operand e.g. OK. When this operand is selected ( 702 ) the user is presented with the “Add Number” option  74  and a menu  76  of operands and numeric characters. Once the number to be associated with the name has been entered, the user selects the required operand from the menu  76  e.g. OK and the name and number are stored ( 704 ) in the memory  48  of the phone as a phone book entry. Suitable operands are OK, Insert and Cancel. 
   Alternatively the menus  60 ,  70 ,  76  may be provided at the bottom of the display in a horizontal manner. The menu items may be displayed a line at a time with an up/down movement of the joystick resulting in the display of successive lines of menu items and a left/right movement of the joystick resulting in the highlighting of successive items in the line of the menu  60 . 
   The joystick may also be used to input data directly, without the requirement for a menu of options to be displayed on the screen. For instance, the input device  28  may be used to input numeric characters.  FIG. 8  shows an example of such a joystick. In  FIG. 8 , feedback to the user about the characters available is provided around the joystick, on the front face  14  of the body  4 . Alternatively this feedback may be provided on the display  26 . 
   In this mode, a user is prompted to use the joystick to input numbers, for instance by an image  90  on the display  26  (see  FIG. 9 ). If the user pushes the joystick forward the numbers 1, 2 or 3 may be selected; if the user pushes the joystick to the right the numbers 4, 5 or 6 may be selected; if the user pulls the joystick back the numbers 7, 8 or 9 may be selected; if the user pushes the joystick to the left the number 0 and the characters * and # may be selected. Pushing the joystick repeatedly in one direction causes the characters available to be scrolled through; a character may be selected either if a pre-determined time has elapsed without any further input from a user or by the user pushing the joystick inwards ( 902 ) for a short time. 
   Once the user has input the number by successively pushing/pulling the joystick and then pushing the joystick inwards ( 904 – 908 ), the user pushes the joystick inwards for a relatively long time (e.g. 1–2 seconds) ( 910 ). This causes a menu  94  to be displayed. The user selects the appropriate action by pushing the joystick inwards ( 912 ) and the device carries out the action. In a similar manner, the joystick may be used to input alpha characters. In this mode, a user is prompted to use the joystick to input alpha characters, for instance by an image on the display  26 . If the user pushes the joystick forward the characters a, b, c, d, e, f, g may be selected; if the user pushes the joystick to the right the characters h, i, j, k, l, m may be selected; if the user pulls the joystick back the characters n, o, p, q, r, s, t may be selected; if the user pushes the joystick to the left, the characters u, v, w, x, y, z and “space” be selected. Pushing the joystick repeatedly in one direction causes the characters available to be scrolled through; a character may be selected either if a pre-determined time has elapsed without any further input from a user or by the user pushing the joystick inwards for a short time. 
   The device may be arranged to default to the mode of data input. Alternatively it may be a mode that is activated by the user selecting the option in the device&#39;s Profiles  524 . 
   A further method of data input will now be described with reference to  FIG. 10 . A user scrolls through a list of characters  100  in blocks of three  102  by pushing the joystick forward or pulling the joystick back. The user selects a character by then pushing the joystick to the right ( 104 ) until the required character is highlighted and then pushing the joystick inwards ( 105 ) for a short time. When the user has inputted the entire item, the user pushes the joystick inwards ( 106 ) for a relatively long time. A menu  108  of actions is then displayed and the user selects the appropriate one by pushing the joystick inwards. 
   According to a further aspect of the invention, the speed of scrolling is determined by the position of the joystick as illustrated in  FIG. 11 . A selectable item is highlighted as the items in a menu are scrolled though. A single movement of the joystick up or down ( 110 ) causes a display (menu or text) to be scrolled through by one line at a time. Thus in  FIG. 11  the highlighted item will change from Bruce to Carl. Pushing the joystick inwards ( 111 ) selects this item. 
   Moving the joystick up or down and holding the joystick in this position ( 112 ) causes the item to be scrolled through continuously e.g. the names Bruce, Carl, Diana, Fiona, . . . Graham, Guy will be scrolled though in a continuous manner until the joystick is released. Pushing the joystick inwards ( 111 ) selects the highlighted item. 
   Moving the joystick up or down and holding the joystick in this position whilst also pressing in on the joystick ( 113 ) results in a higher speed of continuous scrolling. Thus the display changes from Graham, Guy, Helen to further down the menu (e.g. Susa, Tom, Trevor) faster than previously. Thus a user can quickly scroll through a long list until the general region of the required item is located and then release the inward pressure on the joystick to cause the speed of scrolling to reduce. The joystick can then be held in the up (or down) position until the required item is located. The joystick is released and pushing the joystick inwards ( 111 ) then selects the highlighted item. 
   The hinge switch  30  is activated when the cover  6  is opened and is activated when the cover is closed. The switch detects when the interior surface  34  of the cover  6  makes a specific acute angle (for example 5 degrees) with the front face  14  of the body  4 . The processor maintains a register which changes state when the hinge switch is activated. The processor is therefore aware of whether the cover is in the open or closed position. The processor also detects via the hinge switch  30  when the cover is opened and when the cover is closed. 
   Turning now to the on/off button  24  of the phone, illustrated in  FIG. 3 , this button has multiple functionality. In this embodiment, the functionality is determined by the manner of actuation of the button  24  and/or the state of the phone.  FIG. 12  illustrates how the processor  50  determines which function to perform when the on/off button is actuated. 
   The processor waits for actuation of the on/off button  24  by the user (Step  120 ). When the button is actuated, the processor  50  proceeds to Step  121 . In this case, the processor  50  responds differently when the button is depressed and released (short press) compared with when the button is held in a depressed position and then released (long press). The processor senses the input from the button. When the button is activated the processor starts a timer. When the button is deactivated the processor stops the timer. If the count of the timer is less than a predetermined threshold the processor determines that the user employed a short press and wishes to access a function or function associated with that method. Consequently, the processor moves to step  122 . 
   Alternatively, if the count of the timer is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold (typically 1–2 seconds) the processor determines that the user employed a long press (Step  125 ). In this case, a long press is indicative of a power off function, and consequently, the processor performs this function in a conventional manner. 
   Turning back now to Step  122 , the short press is not indicative of a single function. Instead, the function depends upon the state of the phone. If not in Idle mode  54  then the processor exits all menus and returns the phone to Idle mode  54  (Step  124 ). On the other hand, if the phone is already in Idle mode  54  then the processor performs a shortcut into the profiles menu (Step  123 ) which may also be entered via item  124 . When in the Idle mode the on/off button has the same functionality as that in the NOKIA 6110 in the Idle mode. 
   The voice dial button  22  allows a user to dial a number using voice commands when the phone is in the Idle state. 
   In this embodiment, the display contains different information when in the idle state, depending on the circumstances of the phone.  FIG. 13  illustrates different examples:  FIG. 13(   a ) shows different information presented on the display depending on whether the cover is in the open or closed position, and  FIG. 13(   b ) shows alternative idle screens when the cover is in the closed position a headset is coupled to the phone. 
     FIG. 13(   a ) illustrates the idle screen as appearing on a visible area  131  of the display and on the whole display  132 , when the cover is in the closed position. It also illustrates the screen as it appears on the display when the cover is in its open position. 
   As can be seen, when the cover is in the closed position, the content of the idle screen is reduced from that apparent when the cover is in its open position, to key information such as network signal strength, battery and time and this information is centered in the display. The format as opposed to the content is also changed. In the closed position the battery and signal indicators are of a rounded design extending towards the centre of the display, whereas in the open position they are of a linear design. The content of the screen is therefore more centered, simpler, clearer and contains less information when the cover is closed compared to when it is open. 
     FIG. 13(   b ) illustrates idle screens  134  and  135  as appearing on a visible area of the display when a headset is coupled to the phone. In this case, for an initial period, a first idle screen  134  is presented, that comprises the word “Headset” and icon of a headset. After this period, the processor controls the display to present a second idle screen  135  in which the word “Headset” is replaced with the time. 
   Idle mode screen may depend upon the placement or use of the product. For example, if the phone is a wrist-worn device its idle screen may have prominent watch functions such as time zones, alarms or analog looking clock faces. Similarly, personalizable wearable products may have user defined bitmaps. 
   Easy access button  36  has multiple functionality when the phone is in the closed configuration and no function, the access button is disabled, when the cover is opened. In this context, multiple functionality does not mean that the button has multiple functions simultaneously, the button does not. At any time, the button  36  has only a single function. However, that single function may be one of many depending upon the state of the phone. Generally, actuation of the button provides the most likely response to a given situation. The button does not delete or change things. If the alarm rings, activation ends the ringing. If there is an incoming call activation mutes the ringing. If a message has just been received activation opens the message. If a call has just been missed activation gives the caller&#39;s details. If the phone is in the Idle state, activation redials the last dialled number. 
     FIGS. 14 and 15  illustrate how the processor  50  determines which function to perform when the easy access button  36  is actuated. 
   Firstly, the processor  50  determines whether the phone&#39;s cover is in its closed position (Step  141 ). If the cover is, the processor waits for actuation of the easy access key by the user (Step  142 ). However, if the phone is in its open configuration, then the processor disables the easy access key (Step  144 ). This disablement may be complete or partial disablement of the phone. Complete disablement may, for example include the processor not responding at all to key actuation, so that even display backlighting, audible indications and the like, which generally occur upon key actuation, are not performed. Partial disablement, on the other hand, may merely be disablement of the actual function or functions associated with the key. 
   If the processor detects actuation of the easy access key, the processor proceeds from Step  142  to Step  143 . Step  143  includes the determination by the processor of the state of the phone and the performance of the consequential function. This is further explained with reference to  FIG. 15 . 
   In this embodiment, the easy access key has a plurality of functions, depending upon the phone being in one of five states when the key is actuated. These five states are incoming call, alarm, headset attached, idle and message received, as explained briefly above. 
   If the processor  50  determines that, when the key is actuated, the phone is either in the incoming call state (decision  151 ) or the alarm state (decision  152 ), then the processor disables the audible indicator or speaker  38  (Step  156 ). Alternatively, if the processor  50  determines that, when the key is actuated, a headset is attached to the device (decision  153 ) or the phone is in the idle state (decision  151 ), then the processor accesses the last number redial menu. The processor also displays the last number redial option on the display  26 . 
   The processor causes the received message to be displayed (Step  158 ) if the phone is in the message received state (decision  155 ) when the easy access key is actuated. Next, the processor determines whether the message displayed is the only one received. (Step  159 ). If the displayed message is the received message, then once the message has been fully displayed, the processor returns the phone to its idle state (Step  146 ). However, if there is a further message, the processor waits for a further actuation of the easy access key (Step  145 ).). If the key is not actuated within a predetermined period, then the processor returns the phone to its idle state (Step  146 ). However, on the other hand, if the key is actuated within the predetermined period, then the further message is displayed (Step  158 ). Steps  158 ,  159  and  145  are repeated until all messages have been displayed or the easy access key is not actuated within the predetermined period. 
     FIG. 16  illustrates two message screens, as viewed when the cover is in its closed position. When a message is received, the state of the phone changes to the message received state. In response to this change, the processor causes the display to present the content as illustrated by the view  161 . Then, once the easy access key (external button) is actuated, the message starts scrolling across the display, as illustrated by the view  162 . In this embodiment, the information displayed contains the name or number of the message sender, followed by the message. Actuating the key again will cause the next message to be scrolled across the display, and so on. Once the last message has scrolled, a further actuation of the easy access key results in the phone returning to its idle state. 
   The procedure for dealing with a missed call or calls is similar to that for dealing with a received message or messages. When a call has been missed the caller details are stored in the phone&#39;s memory and the state of the phone changes to a missed call state. In response to this change the processor causes the display to present text indicating that a call or calls have been missed—e.g. “1 call missed”, “2. calls missed” etc. Then, when the easy access key is actuated, the processor retrieves the caller&#39;s details from memory and provides them as text scrolling across the display. The callers details are also be displayed automatically if the cover is opened instead of pressing the easy access key. The details may be displayed in a static or scrolling format as described later for the display of text messages ( FIG. 17   b ). 
   Some functionality associated with movement of the cover has already being described such as: answering an incoming call by opening the cover, ending a call in progress by closing the cover and the change in the content of the display when the phone is in the idle mode effected by opening and closing the cover. A further function associated with the active flip is when the phone is within an item of the menu, closing the flip will return the phone to the idle state. Opening the cover also has functionality in connection with reading received messages. 
   The process of accessing messages through the menu structure is illustrated in  FIG. 17 . Selecting Messages  528  from within the Menu  50  by scrolling up or down using the joystick and then pushing the joy stick inwards, displays all the messaging options  171 : Inbox which stores received messages, Write which allows the composition of messages, Outbox which stores sent messages, Templates which stores pro-form messages or the like and Archive in which messages may be stored from the Inbox and Outbox. The icon next to In box contains an arrow indicating it contains a new (unread) message. Selecting the Inbox within the messaging options  171  by scrolling up or down if necessary to highlight “Inbox” and the then pressing the joystick in, displays the contents of the Inbox  172 . The contents of the Inbox is a number of messages. The icon next to Colin indicates that this is an unread message. Selecting the message Colin from within the Inbox  172  by scrolling up or down as necessary using the joystick and then pushing the joystick in, displays the contents of the message  173 . Pressing the joystick in again provides a number of options  174  such as erase, edit, archive etc. Selection of the appropriate item by scrolling using the joystick and then pushing the joystick in performs the appropriate function. In the example, erase is selected and the erase function performed. The display then returns to the Inbox  172  if there are any remaining unread messages or to the options  171  if there are not. 
   The format of the message displayed in  173  may take various forms as illustrated in  FIG. 17   b . The message may be static  176 , with the user able to scroll up and down through the message by pushing the joystick up or pulling it down. The message may occupy several lines with it scrolling through the display word by word  177 . For example, as a word disappears from the screen on the first line at the top left the whole message moves so that the next word is positioned at the top left hand corner of the display and one or more words are appear on the display at the bottom right hand corner. As another alternative  178  the message may occupy a single line and scroll across the screen one character at a time as if the display where a fixed window with the message passing by as if printed on a tape moving at a constant speed past that window. 
   When a message is received while the cover is open, the processor enters a message received state and the Idle display changes to indicate that a message has been received. This is illustrated as  180  in  FIG. 18 . Pushing the joystick inwards enters the Inbox  172 . Pushing the joystick to the left, returns the display to the Idle mode. The up, down and right movements of the joystick have the same functions as in this received message state as in the Idle Mode. 
   When a message is received and the cover is closed there are two ways of accessing the message: pressing the easy access key and opening the cover. 
   As previously described with reference to  FIG. 16 , when a message has been received with the phone in the closed configuration, and the easy access key (external button) is actuated, the content of the message is scrolled across the display portion as a single line one character at a time in a manner similar to that described in relation to format  178  of  FIG. 17   b . If the cover is then opened the format of the display changes. This is illustrated in  FIG. 18   b . The text no longer scrolls across the display in a single line, but is preferable displayed in a static format  176  or scrolling format  177  several lines at a time. If the message is displayed in a static format  176 , it does not scroll automatically but the contents can be viewed by scrolling through the message using the joystick. Pushing the joystick upwards scrolls upwards through the message. Pulling the joystick downwards scrolls downwards through the message. 
   When a message is received and the cover is closed, the phone enters a message received state  161  as illustrated in  FIG. 16 . If the cover is then opened, the phone then enters state  73  illustrated in  FIG. 17   a  and displays the content of the message received. The format of the content may vary and may be static  176 , multiple line and scrolling  177  or single line and scrolling as previously described with reference to  FIG. 17   b . This process is illustrated in  FIG. 18   c.    
   The voice dial button  22  allows a user to dial a number using voice commands when the phone is in the Idle state. 
   Although the user input device  28  has been described with reference to a joystick, the invention is also applicable to other user input devices e.g. a roller or rocker key that is moveable up, down, left, right and inwards. 
   The present invention may include any novel feature or combination of features described herein either explicitly or implicitly or any generalisation thereof whether or not it relates to the present claimed invention or mitigates any or all of the problems addressed. In view of the foregoing description it will be evident to a person skilled in the art that various modifications may be made within the scope of the invention.