Abstract:
A biopsy needle system includes a cylinder with a fluid connection end, an open end and a cylinder wall. A piston is coupled to a threaded spindle shaft. The threaded spindle shaft is configured to extend from the piston and through the open end of the cylinder. The piston is inserted in the open end such that a cylinder interior volume is defined between the piston and the fluid connection end. A spindle nut is mounted to the open end of the cylinder. The spindle nut is threadably engaged with the threaded spindle shaft and configured to displace the piston via a linear translation of the threaded spindle shaft when the spindle nut is rotated. A biopsy needle is connected in fluid communication with the fluid connection end of the cylinder.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/680,900, entitled “PRESSURE GENERATING UNIT”, filed Mar. 1, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/549,818, entitled “PRESSURE GENERATING UNIT”, filed Sep. 20, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,762,961, which claims priority as a 371 application of PCT/EP2004/03328, filed Mar. 29, 2004, which claims priority to DE 10314240.1, filed Mar. 29, 2003. 
     
    
     MICROFICHE APPENDIX 
       [0002]    None. 
       GOVERNMENT RIGHTS IN PATENT 
       [0003]    None. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0005]    The invention relates to a pressure generating unit, in particular a pressure generating unit that is arranged in the handpiece of a vacuum biopsy apparatus that is embodied as a type of syringe and whereby, by retracting the piston in the evacuated cylinder space when changing over to generating overpressure, the air supply is released by the position of the piston. 
         [0006]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0007]    A vacuum biopsy apparatus may include a pressure generating unit that is connected via a connecting line to a biopsy needle unit that is inserted into the tissue to be examined. The pressure generating unit and the needle unit are arranged parallel in the housing of a handpiece. A vacuum is generated in the needle space for removing the specimen by means of the pressure generating unit. 
         [0008]    In order to be able to use the pressure generating unit for generating an overpressure as well, an aeration aperture is provided, and when it is released by the syringe piston, the vacuum that was generated is removed so that the air that has since penetrated can be compressed by means of the syringe piston. 
         [0009]    Because not only the specimen is drawn into the specimen removal space by the vacuum, but also tissue fluid is drawn in, when the aeration aperture is briefly released, tissue fluid that has penetrated into the cylinder piston space can flow out into the interior of the handpiece, in particular when the pressure generating unit and/or the handpiece with the needle unit and the pressure generating unit connected thereto is in an unfavorable position. In order to prevent this, it has already been suggested to seal the aeration aperture by means of a sponge that is arranged on the exterior of the piston cylinder. However, this is not sufficient in all cases. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0010]    An object of the invention is, therefore, first to allow the air required for removing the vacuum to flow into the cylinder and, second, to reliably prevent an outflow of tissue fluid from contaminating the housing interior space of the handpiece. 
         [0011]    This object may be obtained by connecting the evacuated cylinder space via a connecting line to the cylinder space that is under atmospheric pressure and is on the other piston side, and by providing an absorbent element on the piston spindle. 
         [0012]    By arranging a connection between the two cylinder spaces that are divided by the piston, whereby the connection is released or closed by the position of the piston, and by arranging an absorbent element in the cylinder space that is under atmospheric pressure, on the one hand air can flow into the evacuated part of the cylinder from outside, and on the other hand the outflow of tissue fluid is drawn out of the evacuated cylinder part by the absorbent element. The length of the connection is selected so that the connecting line groove is over the absorbent element after the release of the connection for the inflow of air, with the aperture of the cylinder space ending under atmospheric pressure. This has the advantage that any tissue fluid that escapes during the brief opening of the connection is conducted directly into the element and absorbed by it. 
         [0013]    The use of an air-permeable absorbent element furthermore has the advantage that the air coming in is filtered and thus particles cannot enter into the cylinder space. 
         [0014]    It has proved particularly simple and cost-effective to use chemical pulp, in particular absorbent paper, as the material for the element. 
         [0015]    It is advantageous that the element is held by means of a securing disk arranged on the piston spindle so that it cannot be displaced. This has the advantage that the element cannot migrate on the piston spindle during operation, which reduces the effectiveness of the element. 
         [0016]    The invention, in one form thereof, is directed to a biopsy needle system. The biopsy needle system includes a cylinder with an open end and a cylinder wall. A piston is inserted in the open end such that a cylinder interior volume is defined between the piston and the cylinder, the piston being movable in the cylinder. A biopsy needle is connected to the cylinder. A ventilation groove is established in the cylinder wall only to a depth of a portion of a thickness of the cylinder wall. The ventilation groove is positioned such that the cylinder interior volume of the cylinder communicates with the ambient atmosphere when the piston is displaced to a position in the cylinder so as to establish an airflow through the ventilation groove past the piston. 
         [0017]    The invention, another form thereof, is directed to a biopsy needle system. The biopsy needle system includes a cylinder with a cylinder wall, a cylinder floor and an open end. A piston is positioned in the cylinder for movement within the cylinder. The piston has a spindle. A spindle drive is mounted to the cylinder. The spindle drive is engaged with the spindle. A ventilation groove is formed in the interior of the cylinder wall only to a depth of a portion of a thickness of the cylinder wall. The ventilation groove extends toward the open end of the cylinder. The ventilation groove is configured to provide an airflow bypass of the piston as the piston passes over the ventilation groove. A biopsy needle is coupled to the cylinder, wherein one of a vacuum and an overpressure is communicated to the biopsy needle when the piston is moved by the spindle drive. 
         [0018]    The invention, another form thereof, is directed to a biopsy needle system. The biopsy needle system includes a cylinder with an open end and a cylinder wall. A piston is inserted in the open end of the cylinder such that a cylinder interior volume is defined between the piston and the cylinder, the piston being movable in the cylinder. A biopsy needle is coupled to the cylinder. A ventilation groove is formed in the cylinder wall only to a depth of a portion of a thickness of the cylinder wall. The ventilation groove is positioned such that the cylinder interior volume communicates with the ambient atmosphere when the piston is displaced to a position so as to establish an airflow in the ventilation groove past the piston between the ambient atmosphere and the cylinder interior volume. An absorbent element is carried by the piston. The absorbent element is configured to engage the ventilation groove to receive the airflow. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0019]    The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of this invention, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the invention will be better understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
           [0020]      FIG. 1  shows a biopsy apparatus having a pressure generating unit configured in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0021]      FIG. 2  shows the pressure generating unit with piston pushed in (partial cut-away); 
           [0022]      FIG. 3  shows the pressure generating unit after generating a vacuum by retracting the piston; 
           [0023]      FIG. 4  shows the pressure generating unit after releasing the connection for aeration; 
           [0024]      FIG. 5  shows a section A-A through  FIG. 4 ; and 
           [0025]      FIG. 6  shows a section B-B through  FIG. 5   
       
    
    
       [0026]    Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate one embodiment of the invention, in one form, and such exemplifications not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0027]      FIG. 1  illustrates a biopsy apparatus  1  in which the pressure generating unit  2  is housed in a housing with a needle unit  3  that is situated parallel thereto. The pressure generating unit is driven, for example, via an electro-gear motor (not shown) via the toothed wheel  4 . 
         [0028]    The pressure generating unit  2 , which is constructed as a type of syringe, comprises a cylinder  5  in which a piston  6  is longitudinally displaceable by means of a piston spindle  7 . The piston spindle drive comprises a toothed wheel  4  mounted on the open end of the cylinder, whereby the center of the toothed wheel is embodied as a spindle nut that interacts with the piston spindle  7  mounted therein. The piston spindle  7  is moved to the connector  8  or to the toothed wheel  4  by means of the toothed wheel  4 , depending on the direction of rotation of the motor, via a pinion (not shown) that sits on the shaft of an electromotor. The cylinder of the pressure generating unit has at one end a connector  8  for a connecting piece  9  that is connected to the biopsy needle unit  3 . Arranged on the side opposite the connector is a toothed wheel  4  with an interior spindle thread (spindle nut) that interacts with the piston spindle  7  so that with each rotation of the toothed wheel the piston  6  travels a precisely defined path to the one or the other side, depending on motor rotation. The toothed wheel can be mounted in the open cylinder end. 
         [0029]    Depending on the direction of rotation, the piston  3  can be moved via the toothed wheel/spindle drive to the cylinder floor or away from the cylinder floor to the toothed wheel. The pressure generating unit is fitted for instance in a biopsy apparatus as it is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The biopsy apparatus may include a hand piece, into which a hollow biopsy needle is placed, wherein part of the part of the biopsy needle that protrudes out beyond the hand piece with its sample-removing space can be fired into the tissue to be examined. The tissue is sucked into the sample-removing space by a vacuum, subsequently severed by a sample-severing device, and subsequently removed. To eject the sample, the vacuum-generating device is used for generating a positive pressure. The vacuum/pressure-generating device and further control and supply devices are integrated in the housing of the hand piece. The connecting element of the biopsy needle to the vacuum/pressure-generating unit is arranged directly on the housing. The distance between the housing wall  19  and insertion groove  20  for the piston spindle is selected so that the pressure generating unit cannot move in the longitudinal axis and the toothed wheel  4  is thus supported in the cylinder. When the piston is retracted to just in front of the aperture for the connecting line  21 , here a groove  15  in the cylinder wall, i.e., in the direction of the toothed wheel  4 , a vacuum forms in the biopsy needle system (see  FIG. 3 ). After the air supply is released in the cylinder space  11  (opening of connecting line, groove is opened)—as described in the following—the underpressure previously created in the biopsy needle system (see  FIG. 4 ) is removed by the inflow of air. If the piston is moved in the direction of the connector  8  after the air has flowed in, overpressure is created in the system. 
         [0030]    The piston spindle carries the piston  10  with a rubber jacket on the side opposite the drive, i.e., on the connector side. On the interior piston cylinder wall, the rubber jacket of the piston seals the left-hand cylinder space  11  (space in front of the connector) from the cylinder space  12 . In other words, if the connector support  8  is connected to the biopsy needle unit via the connecting piece  9  and the biopsy needle is inserted into tissue, for example, an underpressure occurs in the biopsy needle system due to the displacement of the piston to the drive side. The cylinder space  12  is furthermore under atmospheric pressure. Arranged on the side wall  13  of the piston, which is in the cylinder space  12 , is an absorbent element  14  that is penetrated coaxially by the piston spindle and that is held, for example by means of a securing disk  18  that is attached to the piston spindle. The element is round and is situated so that it acts as a minor seal against the interior cylinder wall of the cylinder. In order to make it easy to pass over the piston spindle, the element embodied as a punched disk is slit. The element can comprise a plurality of individual disks that are approx. 1 mm thick. It can also be a single part, however. It extends approx. 3 mm. The element is placed directly on the piston side wall  13  and is held by the securing disk. A groove  15  is worked into the interior wall of the cylinder wall as a connection  21  on the cylinder part adjacent to the toothed wheel  4 . As  FIG. 5  illustrates, the depth of the groove is approximately half the wall thickness. The groove length ( FIG. 5 ) is selected so that the groove ends when the air supply is released to the center of the absorbent element  14  and the cylinder space  11  to be aerated is connected to the exterior atmospheric pressure via the groove. In this position the groove has to a certain extent two “apertures.” The one “aperture  17 ” ends in the cylinder space  11 ; the other “aperture  16 ” ends above the element  14  when the piston is brought to the open position (see  FIG. 4 ). 
         [0031]    An embodiment of a biopsy apparatus may include, for example, a hand piece with drive elements, into which a biopsy needle is placed, wherein part of the part of the biopsy needle that protrudes out beyond the hand piece with its sample-removing space can be fired into the tissue to be examined and the tissue sample to be investigated forces its way into the opening of the sample-removing space by negative pressure and is subsequently severed by a longitudinally movable sample-severing device, and subsequently removed from the sample-removing space. The two longitudinal side edges of the sample-removing space are formed as cutting edges and, during and/or after opening of the sample-removing space, the cutting edges are moved slightly forwards and back repeatedly by moving of the biopsy needle, wherein the lateral cutting effect is supported in particular by the applied negative pressure in the biopsy needle. When employing the vacuum biopsy equipment in such a biopsy device, or as previously described, it has been demonstrated that the suction action of the pressure generating unit  2  is so strong that, depending on the position of the biopsy apparatus when the specimen is drawn, more or less tissue fluid can enter into the pressure generating unit  2 . By arranging a groove  15  in the interior of the cylinder, which groove is primarily needed because of the removal of the underpressure, it is not always possible to avoid the outflow of tissue fluid during the brief opening of the aeration aperture and its subsequent closing. 
         [0032]    However, because the groove is designed so that the “aperture  16 ” ends over the absorbent element, the tissue fluid is absorbed and no tissue fluid flows into the housing of the biopsy handpiece. When the “aperture  16 ” of the groove is released (see  FIG. 4 ) the air can travel from the cylinder space  9  to the absorbent element via the groove into the cylinder space  11  and remove the vacuum there. In other words, the air is filtered prior to its entering the cylinder space  11 . Due to the electronic components installed there, it is absolutely necessary to prevent the flow of tissue fluid into the housing of the handpiece of the biopsy apparatus because wet cleaning of the handpiece can lead to serious damage to the electronics. 
         [0033]    In the exemplary embodiment, an interior groove is provided as a connection from the cylinder space  11  to the cylinder space  12 . The connection can also be embodied as an exterior line or as a line that is integrated into the cylinder jacket. What is important for solving the problem is that the tissue fluid that can escape when the vacuum is removed can be intentionally conducted so that the tissue fluid is absorbed by means of an absorbent element and does not enter into the housing. 
       LIST OF PARTS 
       [0000]    
       
           1 ) Biopsy apparatus 
           2 ) Pressure generating unit 
           3 ) Needle unit 
           4 ) Toothed wheel 
           5 ) Cylinder 
           6 ) Piston 
           7 ) Piston spindle 
           8 ) Connector 
           9 ) Connection piece 
           10 ) 
           11 ) Cylinder space 
           12 ) Cylinder space 
           13 ) Side wall 
           14 ) Absorbent element 
           15 ) Groove 
           16 ) Aperture 
           17 ) Aperture 
           18 ) Securing disk 
           19 ) Housing wall 
           20 ) Insertion groove 
           21 ) Connection line 
       
     
         [0055]    While this invention has been described with respect to an embodiment of the invention, the present invention may be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.