Abstract:
A polished glass disk medium substrate suitable for use as a substrate for a hard disk, a hard disk containing the substrate and methods for making the substrate. The substrate containing glass forming raw materials may be formed so as to have a Young&#39;s modulus of 110 or higher.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-100818 filed in Japan on Apr. 3, 2000, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a glass composition, and specifically relates to a glass composition suited for crystallized glass. More specifically, the present invention relates to a composition for crystallized glass disk medium. Such disk medium include hard disks, magnetic disks, optical disks and magnetic-optical disks 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
     Aluminum and glass are known materials suitable for use as magnetic disk substrates. Among these substrates, glass substrates have been the focus of most attention due to their superior surface smoothness and mechanical strength. Such glass substrates include chemically reinforced glass substrates strengthened by ion exchange on the surface, and crystallized glass substrates having strengthened bonds by depositing a crystal component on the substrate. 
     The performance demands of recent substrates have become more severe day by day, and improved performance is particularly sought regarding strength, flex and warp during high-speed rotation. This type of performance can be expressed by the Young&#39;s modulus of the substrate material, in which a higher numerical value is desirable. 
     For example, the composition disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 11-322362 attains a Young&#39;s modulus value of 130 or greater. However, this prior art requires extremely high thermal processing temperatures which complicate the manufacturing process, that is, this art requires a primary processing temperature of 800° C., and a secondary processing temperature of 1,000° C. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to provide an improved glass composition. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a glass composition having a high Young&#39;s modulus and which is highly suited for mass production. 
     These objects are attained with a glass composition of the present invention desirably having the main components within the ranges described below: 
     about 35 wt % or more, but less than about 50 wt % SiO 2 ; 
     about 5 wt % or more, but less than about 20 wt % Al 2 O 3 ; 
     about 9 wt % or more, but less than about 25 wt % MgO; 
     about 0.1 wt % or more, but less than about 12 wt % TiO 2 ; 
     about 0.1 wt % or more, but less than about 12 wt % Li 2 O; and 
     about 0.1 wt % or more, but less than about 22 wt % ZnO. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described hereinafter. 
     These objects are attained with a glass composition of the present invention desirably having the main components within the ranges described below: 
     about 35 wt % or more, but less than about 50 wt % SiO 2 ; 
     about 5 wt % or more, but less than about 20 wt % Al 2 O 3 ; 
     about 9 wt % or more, but less than about 25 wt % MgO; 
     about 0.1 wt % or more, but less than about 12 wt % TiO 2 ; 
     about 0.1 wt % or more, but less than about 12 wt % Li 2 O; and 
     about 5 wt % or more, but less than about 22 wt % ZnO. 
     When the composition content of SiO 2  used as a glass forming oxide is less than about 35 wt %, melting characteristics are typically adversely affected, and when the percentage exceeds about 50 wt %, a stabilized state of glass is achieved and crystal deposition typically becomes difficult. 
     Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) is an intermediate oxide of glass, and is a structural component of the crystal-phase magnesium-aluminum crystals formed during heating. When the composition content is less than about 5 wt %, there are typically few crystals formed, and the desired strength is not obtained, whereas when the percentage exceeds about 20 wt %, the melting temperature is typically raised and devitrification readily occurs. 
     Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a fluxing agent, which is added to induce the crystal particles to nucleate and form crystal particle clusters. When the composition content is less than about 9 wt %, the working temperature range is typically narrowed, and the chemical durability of the glass matrix phase is not typically improved. When the composition content exceeds about 25 wt %, other crystal phase matter is often deposited and the desired strength is typically difficult to obtain. 
     Titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) is a crystal nucleating agent, which is often an essential component for magnesium silicate crystal deposition. Furthermore, TiO 2  functions as a fluxing agent to improve stability during production. When the composition content is less than about 0.1 wt %, melting characteristics are typically adversely affected, and crystal growth is often difficult. When the content exceeds about 12 wt %, crystallization typically progresses rapidly, the crystallization state often becomes difficult to control, the deposited crystals are typically coarse with heterogeneity of the crystal phase, and a fine homogeneous crystal structure often cannot be obtained, such that the required surface smoothness for use as a disk substrate is difficult to obtain by a polishing process. Furthermore, devitrification readily occurs during fusion molding, and mass production characteristics are reduced. 
     Stability during manufacture is improved by the addition of Li 2 O, which functions as a fluxing agent. When the composition content is less than about 0.1 wt %, there is inadequate improvement in melting characteristics. When the composition content exceeds about 12 wt %, stability often decreases during the polishing and washing processes. 
     Zinc oxide (ZnO) functions as a fluxing agent which augments uniform crystal deposition. When the composition content is less than about 5 wt %, there is typically insufficient improvement in crystal homogeneity. When the composition content exceeds about 22 wt %, the glass becomes stable, and crystallization is suppressed, such that the desired strength is often difficult to obtain. 
     The manufacturing method is described below. The raw materials of the ultimately produced glass substrate are thoroughly mixed in specific proportions, then introduced to a platinum crucible and melted. After melting, the melted material is poured into a mold to form an approximate shape. Then the material is annealed to room temperature. Next, the material is maintained at a primary heating process temperature of about 500 to about 680° C. during a primary process (heating process) to generate crystal nuclei. Then, the material is maintained at a secondary heating process temperature of about 680 to about 800° C. during a secondary process to grow crystal nuclei. Then the material is cooled to obtain the crystallized glass. 
     This material may be used as a disk substrate by processing such as polishing to attain a desired shape and thickness. 
     By using the above raw materials and the process described herein, an extremely high Young&#39;s modulus and high mass production characteristics are obtainable. Even higher performance is obtained by adding the components described below in a suitable range. 
     Phosphoric anhydride (P 2 O 5 ), which functions as a fluxing agent, is a nucleating agent for depositing silicate crystals, and is an important component for uniform deposition of crystals on the entirety of the glass. When the composition content is less than about 0.1 wt %, sufficient formation of crystal nuclei typically becomes difficult, crystal particles are often coarse, heterogeneous crystal deposition often occurs, the desired fine homogeneous crystal structure may be difficult to obtain, such that the required surface smoothness for use as a disk substrate may be difficult to obtain by a polishing process. When the content exceeds about 5.0 wt %, reactivity to the filter medium increases during melting, and devitrification increases so as to reduce mass production characteristics during fusion molding. Chemical durability typically decreases, there is concern that the magnetic layer may be affected, and stability is often reduced during the polishing and washing processes. 
     Adding ZrO 2  which functions as a glass modifying oxidant also functions effectively as a glass crystal nucleating agent. When the content ratio is less than about 0.1 wt %, sufficient formation of crystal nuclei typically becomes difficult, crystal particles are often coarse, heterogeneous crystal deposition often occurs, the desired fine homogeneous crystal structure may be difficult to obtain, such that the required surface smoothness for use as a disk substrate may be difficult to obtain by a polishing process. Furthermore, chemical durability and migration resistance are often reduced, there is concern that the magnetic layer may be affected, and stability is often reduced during the polishing and washing processes. When the content exceeds about 12 wt %, the melting temperature is raised, devitrification readily occurs, and fusion molding typically becomes difficult. Furthermore, the deposition crystal phase fluctuates such that desired characteristics are often difficult to obtain. 
     The addition of CaO, which functions as a fluxing agent, supplements uniform crystal deposition. When the composition content is less than about 0.1 wt %, sufficient improvement in crystal homogeneity is not typically obtained. When the content exceeds about 9 wt %, chemical durability is not typically improved. 
     Crystal nucleating material is increased by the addition of Nb 2 O 5 , which works as a fluxing agent. When the composition content is less than about 0.1 wt %, there is often inadequate rigidity improvement. When the composition content exceeds about 9 wt %, crystallization of the glass typically becomes unstable, the deposition crystal phase typically becomes uncontrollable, and the desired characteristics are often difficult to obtain. 
     The addition of Ta 2 O 5 , which works as a fluxing agent, improves fusion and strength, and also improves chemical durability in the glass matrix phase. When the composition content is less than about 0.1 wt %, there is typically inadequate rigidity improvement. When the composition content exceeds about 9 wt %, crystallization of the glass typically becomes unstable, the deposition crystal phase becomes uncontrollable, and the desired characteristics are often difficult to obtain. 
     Stability during manufacture is improved by the addition of K 2 O, which functions as a fluxing agent. When the composition content is less than about 0.1 wt %, there is inadequate improvement in melting characteristics. When the composition content exceeds about 9 wt %, the glass typically becomes stable and crystallization is suppressed, chemical durability is often reduced, and there is concern that the magnetic layer will be affected, and stability oft en decreases during the polishing and washing processes. 
     Glass phase splitting is promoted by adding B 2 O 3 , which works as a former, and accelerates crystal deposition and growth. When the composition content is less than about 0.1 wt %, improvement of melting characteristics is typically inadequate. When the composition content exceeds about 9 wt %, glass devitrification readily occurs, molding typically becomes difficult, and the crystals often become coarse such that fine crystals is difficult to obtain. 
     Rigidity is improved by adding Y 2 O 3 , which functions as a fluxing agent. When the composition content is less than about 0.1 wt %, there is typically inadequate rigidity improvement. When the composition content exceeds about 9 wt %, crystal deposition is often suppressed, sufficient crystallization is difficult to obtain, and desired characteristics are often not attained. 
     Stability during mass production is improved by adding Sb 2 O 3 , which functions as a clarifier. When the composition content is less than about 0.1 wt %, there is typically insufficient clarification effect, and production characteristics are typically reduced. When the composition content exceeds about 9 wt %, crystallization of the glass often becomes unstable, the deposition crystal phase typically becomes uncontrollable, and the desired characteristics are often difficult to obtain. 
     Stability during production is improved by adding As 2 O 3 , which functions as a clarifier. When the composition content is less than about 0.1 wt %, there is often insufficient clarification effect, and production characteristics are often reduced. When the composition content exceeds about 9 wt %, crystallization of the glass typically becomes unstable, the deposition crystal phase typically becomes uncontrollable, and the desired characteristics are often difficult to obtain. 
     The glasses of the present invention may have one or more crystalline phases and an amorphous phase. The crystalline phases represent about 50 to about 60 percent of the total glass composition. Preferred embodiments include a main crystalline phase of clinoenstatite which desirably represents at least about 80 percent by weight of the total of all crystalline phases. Preferred embodiments may also include a secondary crystalline phase of, for example, enstatite magnesium aluminum silicate, and/or zinc titanium oxide which desirably represents less than about 20 percent by weight of the total crystalline phase. 
     Although the present invention is described in detail in the following examples, the invention is not limited to these examples. Tables 1-4 show the glass composition in percent-by-weight of Examples 1-32. Glass substrates were obtained by the previously described manufacturing method in accordance with these numerical examples. 
     In the tables, C1 represents a crystal phase of clinoenstatite (MgSiO 3 ), C2 represents a crystal phase of enstatite (MgSiO 3 ), M1 represents a crystal phase of magnesium aluminum silicate {(Mg Al)SiO 3 }, Z1 represents a crystal phase of zinc titanium oxide (Zn 2 Ti 3 O 8 ) and Z2 represents a crystal phase of zinc titanium oxide (Zn 2 TiO 4 ). 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 01 
                 Ex. 02 
                 Ex. 03 
                 Ex. 04 
                 Ex. 05 
                 Ex. 06 
                 Ex. 07 
                 Ex. 08 
                 Ex. 09 
                 Ex. 10 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 SiO 2   
                 48.5 
                 48.0 
                 45.0 
                 45.0 
                 45.0 
                 45.0 
                 40.0 
                 40.0 
                 54.0 
                 44.0 
               
               
                 Al 2 O 
                 19.0 
                 18.5 
                 17.5 
                 20.0 
                 10.0 
                 10.0 
                 16.0 
                 16.0 
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
               
               
                 MgO 
                 25.0 
                 24.0 
                 20.0 
                 15.5 
                 19.5 
                 19.5 
                 14.0 
                 12.0 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 8.0 
                 5.0 
                 6.0 
                 6.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 4.0 
                 4.0 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 ZnO 
                 5.0 
                 7.0 
                 10.0 
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
                 18.0 
                 20.0 
                 22.0 
                 10.5 
                 15.0 
               
               
                 P 2 O 5   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0.5 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 Primary Treatment Temperature (° C.) 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
               
               
                 Secondary Treatment Temperature (° C.) 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
               
               
                 Primary Treatment Time (hr) 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Secondary Treatment Temperature (hr) 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Young&#39;s Modules (G Pa) 
                 110 
                 108 
                 106 
                 104 
                 135 
                 115 
                 116 
                 114 
                 113 
                 112 
               
               
                 Diameter of Crystal (nm) 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
               
               
                 Main Crystal Phase 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
               
               
                 Secondary Crystal Phase 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
               
               
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
               
               
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
               
               
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 11 
                 Ex. 12 
                 Ex. 13 
                 Ex. 14 
                 Ex. 15 
                 Ex. 16 
                 Ex. 17 
                 Ex. 18 
                 Ex. 19 
                 Ex. 20 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 SiO 2   
                 53.0 
                 41.0 
                 53.0 
                 41.0 
                 53.0 
                 42.0 
                 53.0 
                 42.0 
                 55.0 
                 43.0 
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
               
               
                 MgO 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.3 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 ZnO 
                 10.0 
                 15.0 
                 10.0 
                 15.0 
                 10.0 
                 15.0 
                 10.0 
                 15.0 
                 10.0 
                 15.0 
               
               
                 ZrO 2   
                 2.0 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 CaO 
                   
                   
                 2.0 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 2.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 Ta 2 O 5   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 2.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0.2 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 Primary Treatment Temperature (° C.) 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
               
               
                 Secondary Treatment Temperature (° C.) 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
               
               
                 Primary Treatment Time (hr) 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Secondary Treatment Temperature (hr) 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Young&#39;s Modules (G Pa) 
                 117 
                 115 
                 117 
                 116 
                 116 
                 115 
                 116 
                 115 
                 115 
                 114 
               
               
                 Diameter of Crystal (nm) 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
               
               
                 Main Crystal Phase 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
               
               
                 Secondary Crystal Phase 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
               
               
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
               
               
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
               
               
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 21 
                 Ex. 22 
                 Ex. 23 
                 Ex. 24 
                 Ex. 25 
                 Ex. 26 
                 Ex. 27 
                 Ex. 28 
                 Ex. 29 
                 Ex. 30 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 SiO 2   
                 53.0 
                 41.0 
                 53.0 
                 53.0 
                 53.0 
                 51.0 
                 51.0 
                 43.0 
                 42.0 
                 35.0 
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
                 12.0 
                 14.0 
               
               
                 MgO 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 20.0 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.8 
                 3.0 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 ZnO 
                 10.0 
                 15.0 
                 10.0 
                 5.0 
                 7.0 
                 10.0 
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
                 18.0 
                 20.0 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 2.0 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                   
                   
                 2.0 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 Sb 2 O 3   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0.2 
                 0.5 
                 2.0 
                 4.0 
                 5.0 
                 8.0 
               
               
                 Primary Treatment Temperature (° C.) 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
                 660 
               
               
                 Secondary Treatment Temperature (° C.) 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
                 700 
               
               
                 Primary Treatment Time (hr) 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Secondary Treatment Temperature (hr) 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Young&#39;s Modules (G Pa) 
                 114 
                 116 
                 115 
                 116 
                 120 
                 117 
                 115 
                 115 
                 116 
                 117 
               
               
                 Diameter of Crystal (nm) 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
                 30 
               
               
                 Main Crystal Phase 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 C1 
               
               
                 Secondary Crystal Phase 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C2 
               
               
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
                 M1 
               
               
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
               
               
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 31 
                 Ex. 32 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                  SiO 2   
                 41.0 
                 42.0 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 12.0 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 MgO 
                 15.5 
                 15.5 
               
               
                   
                 TiO 2   
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 2.5 
                 2.5 
               
               
                   
                 ZnO 
                 22.0 
                 15.0 
               
               
                   
                 As 2 O 3   
                 2.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 Primary Treatment Temperature (° C.) 
                 660 
                 660 
               
               
                   
                 Secondary Treatment Temperature (° C.) 
                 700 
                 700 
               
               
                   
                 Primary Treatment Time (hr) 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 Secondary Treatment Temperature (hr) 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                   
                 Young&#39;s Modules (G Pa) 
                 115 
                 117 
               
               
                   
                 Diameter of Crystal (nm) 
                 30 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 Main Crystal Phase 
                 C1 
                 C1 
               
               
                   
                 Secondary Crystal Phase 
                 C2 
                 C2 
               
               
                   
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 M1 
                 M1 
               
               
                   
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 Z1 
                 Z1 
               
               
                   
                 Other Crystal Phase 
                 Z2 
                 Z2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The present invention provides a glass substrate having excellent production characteristics and a Young&#39;s modulus of 110 or higher. 
     Although the present invention has been fully described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modification will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, unless such changes and modifications depart from the scope of the present invention, they should be construed as being included therein.