Abstract:
The invention discloses a device and method for solar-tracking according to sensor. The device calculates the angle of incidence and azimuth of the sunray through the illuminance sensed by the sensors in different positions. The device rotates the solar panel to the direction with the maximal solar irradiation. Then the solar panel can sense the maximum illuminance to have the maximal energy gain.

Description:
[0001]    This application claims the benefit of the filing date of Taiwan Application Ser. No. 099146832, filed on Dec. 30, 2010, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    (a) Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The invention relates to a device for solar tracking, particularly to a device for solar tracking capable of increasing efficiency of a solar panel. 
         [0004]    (b) Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    In general, a solar-tracking device is mainly an open-loop solar tracking device. The astronomic theorem is used to master the trajectory of the sunrays and then the incident angle and the azimuth angle of the sunrays at any time and any geographical location can be obtained so that a solar panel can be adjusted accordingly to obtain or acquire the maximum illuminance of the solar panel. However, the open-loop solar tracking device needs a large amount of astronomic data in order to achieve the optimum precision of the system. Besides, the operation of calculating the trajectory of the sun according to the astronomic theorem should be constantly calibrated because the deviation occurs. For example, the deviation occurs when the Earth moves along its orbit. 
         [0006]    If the open-loop solar tracking device is installed on a moving object, such as on a car, the result of solar tracking is not as good as expected. Thus, the data of the geographical location should be known. Even if a positioning system such as a global positioning system (GPS) is equipped in the car, it still results in the misjudgment in calculating the orientation of the sunrays according to the astronomic theorem due to the error of the positioning system. 
         [0007]    Besides, because the open-loop solar tracking device determines the current position of the sun based on the calculation according to the astronomic theorem, even if the sun is blocked by clouds, the open-loop solar tracking device still moves according to the trajectory of the sun. However, when the sun is blocked by clouds, the sunrays are scattered or refracted by the clouds so that the expected position of the sun is not the best position to acquire the optimum energy. Thus, the open-loop solar tracking device cannot effectively increase the solar energy collection capacity when the sun is blocked by clouds. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, one object of the invention can be set on a movable device. 
         [0009]    One object of the invention is to provide a device for solar-tracking to reduce production cost. 
         [0010]    One object of the invention is to provide a device for solar-tracking to increase the solar energy collection capacity. 
         [0011]    One object of the invention is to provide a device for solar-tracking to decrease the climate influence. 
         [0012]    One embodiment of the invention provides a device for solar-tracking. The device comprises a plurality of sensors and an operation unit. The sensors are disposed at least three tangent points of a plurality of surfaces. The surfaces form a closed space. Each of the sensors will be assigned a virtual coordinate and performs a sensing procedure to generate a plurality of sensing values corresponding to the sunrays. The operation unit performs an operation of calculating a center of gravity. The operation of calculating a center of gravity uses the coordinate positions and the sensing values to calculate the position of the center of gravity. 
         [0013]    One embodiment of the invention provides a method for solar-tracking. The method comprises the following steps: providing a plurality of surfaces forming a closed space wherein the closed space has an inscribed hemisphere; disposing a plurality of sensors on at least three tangent points of the surfaces wherein the sensors have coordinate positions, separately, for sensing the sunrays to generate a plurality of sensing values corresponding to the sunrays; performing an operation of calculating a center of gravity to generate a position of the center of gravity according to the coordinate positions and the sensing values; and adjusting orientation according to the position of the center of gravity. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]      FIG. 1A  shows a schematic diagram illustrating a device for solar-tracking according to sensors according to one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 1B  shows a schematic diagram illustrating a device for solar-tracking according to sensors according to one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0016]      FIG. 1C  shows a schematic diagram illustrating a sensing tower according to one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  shows a schematic diagram illustrating a spherical coordinate system according to one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 3  shows a schematic diagram illustrating the incident angle and the azimuth angle of the sunrays according to one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  shows a flow chart illustrating a method for solar-tracking according to one embodiment of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0020]    Please refer to  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B, and  1 C.  FIG. 1A  shows a schematic diagram illustrating a device for solar-tracking according to sensors according to one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 1B  shows a schematic diagram illustrating a device for solar-tracking according to sensors according to one embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 1C  shows a schematic diagram illustrating a sensing tower according to one embodiment of the invention. The device  100  for solar-tracking comprises a sensing tower  101 , i sensors S 1 ˜Si, an operation unit  102 , and an adjusting unit  103 . The sensing tower  101  comprises n surfaces F 1 ˜Fn where the surfaces F 1 ˜Fn and the solar panel E form a closed space  104 . In the above, “i” and “n” are separately positive integers greater than 3. The device  100  for solar-tracking in this embodiment comprises i sensors and n surfaces. For clarity, i=5 and n=5 for the device  100  in this embodiment. In other words, in this embodiment, the device  100  for solar-tracking comprises five sensors and five surfaces but is not limited to this example and the number can be increased according to needs. 
         [0021]    It should be noted that the device  100  for solar-tracking in this embodiment uses five surfaces F 1 ˜F 5  and the solar panel E to form the closed space  104 . In another embodiment, three surfaces F 1 ˜F 3  can be used to form the closed space  104  together with the solar panel E but the invention is not limited to the above examples. 
         [0022]    The closed space  104  is composed by the sensing tower  101  and the solar panel E. Closed space  104  comprises an inscribed hemisphere C. In this embodiment, the inscribed hemisphere C is a virtual inscribed hemisphere. The inscribed hemisphere C and the surfaces F 1 ˜F 5  comprise corresponding tangent points  1 ˜ 5  and the sensors S 1 ˜S 5  are disposed on the tangent points  1 ˜ 5 . It should be noted that the sensing tower  101  can be implemented by a cone or a polygonal cylinder and the cone or the polygonal cylinder can be embedded with an inscribed hemisphere. 
         [0023]    In this embodiment, the sensing tower  101  comprises a transmitting unit  101   a  and the adjusting unit  103  comprises a carrier  103   a , a driving unit  103   b  and a transmitting unit  103   c . The operation unit  102  transmits a control signal CS to the transmitting unit  101   a . The transmitting units  101   a  transmit the control signal CS to transmitting units  103   c  via the transmission medium L so that the adjusting unit  103  adjusts the orientation of the sensing tower  101  according to the control signal CS. The carrier  103   a  is used to carry the solar panel E and the driving unit  103   b  drives the carrier  103   a  according to the control signal CS. 
         [0024]    The transmission medium L can be implemented by a wireless transmission module of Jennie  5139  but the invention is not limited to the above example. The transmission medium L can be implemented by any current or future wireless transmission module, or wired transmission module. The sensors S 1 ˜S 5  are separately disposed on the surfaces F 1 ˜F 5  and each of the sensors S 1 ˜S 5  has a coordinate position. The sensors S 1 ˜S 5  separately are used to sense the sunrays to generate sensing values corresponding to the sunrays. In this embodiment, the sensing values L 1 ˜L 5  are illuminance of the sunrays sensed by the sensors S 1 ˜S 5  and the surface F 1  is parallel to the solar panel E. It should be noted that the surface F 1  is not limited to be parallel to the solar panel E, for example, when the sensing tower is a cone (not shown). 
         [0025]    Then, referring to  FIG. 2 , this embodiment uses a spherical coordinate system to describe the initial operation of the device  100  for solar-tracking. In this embodiment, the center of the inscribed hemisphere C is as the origin O and a point A in the spherical coordinate system has a coordinate position of (R, φ A , θ A ) where R is the radial distance from the origin O to the point A, φ A  is the angle between the line connecting the origin O and point A and Z axis; and θ A  is the angle between the projecting line of the line connecting the origin O and point A on the plane XY and X axis. In this embodiment, XY plane is parallel to the solar panel E, X axis is directed to North, Y axis is directed to East and Z axis is perpendicular to the solar panel E. 
         [0026]    Referring to  FIG. 3  simultaneously, in this embodiment, when the device  100  for solar-tracking starts initially, the solar panel E is parallel to the horizon. Assuming the spherical coordinate of the center of gravity M is (R M , φ M , θ M ) and the incident angle and the azimuth angle of the actual sunray are α and β, the (R M , φ M , θ M ) can be calculated from weighting the illuminance L 1 ˜L 5  sensed by the sensors to the sensor&#39;s coordinates and then dividing to number of sensors. The required tilt angle for rotating the solar panel E is equal to the tilt angle φ M  of the center of gravity M. Thus, the required tilt angle for rotating the solar panel E is (φ M ) or (2π−φ M ) and the azimuth angle for rotating the solar panel E is θ M . 
         [0027]    In other words, in the device for solar-tracking, the azimuth angle θ M  and the tilt angle φ m  of the center of gravity M is the estimated incident angle α c  and azimuth angle β c  of the sunrays. Thus, when the device  100  for solar-tracking completes the adjustment of the solar panel E (when the center of gravity M is converged), the azimuth angle θ M  of the center of gravity M is actually equal to the azimuth angle β of the sunray and the complementary angle of the tilt angle φ M  of the center of gravity M is actually equal to the incident angle α of the sunray. 
         [0028]    For example, when the device  100  for solar-tracking starts initially, the incident angle and the tilt angle of the sunrays relative to the solar panel E are assumed to be (α 1 , β 1 ) (not shown). This embodiment uses five sensors S 1 ˜S 5 . The illuminance L 1 ˜L 5  sensed by the sensors S 1 ˜S 5  on the sensing tower  101  are used as the weights of the sensors S 1 ˜S 5 . Then, the spherical coordinate positions (R, φ 1 , θ 1 )˜(R, φ 5 , θ 5 ) of the sensors S 1 ˜S 5  are used to calculate the position of the center of gravity M. 
         [0029]    Since the coordinate positions of the sensors are defined by a spherical coordinate system and the method of calculating the center of gravity M of the invention is defined by the Cartesian coordinate system, each of the spherical coordinate positions of the sensors S 1 ˜S 5  should be converted into the Cartesian coordinate position. 
         [0030]    If the spherical coordinate position of the sensor Si is (R, φ i , θ i ), the coordinate (X i , Y i , Z i ) in the Cartesian coordinate system can be converted by the following equations (1)˜(3): 
         [0000]        X   i   =R  sin(φ i )cos(θ i )  (1)
 
         [0000]        Y   i   =R  sin(φ i )sin(θ i )  (2)
 
         [0000]        Z   i   =R  cos(φ i )  (3)
 
         [0031]    After conversion, the Cartesian coordinates (X 1 , Y 1 , Z 1 )˜(X 5 , Y 5 , Z 5 ) of the sensors S 1 ˜S 5  are acquired, separately. The sensing values L 1 ˜L 5  (illuminance) acquired from the sensors are used as the weights of the sensors S 1 ˜S 5  and the following equation (4) is used to acquire the Cartesian coordinate position of the center of gravity M. 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         X 
                         M 
                       
                       , 
                       
                         Y 
                         M 
                       
                       , 
                       
                         Z 
                         M 
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                           L 
                           1 
                         
                         × 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               X 
                               1 
                             
                             , 
                             
                               Y 
                               1 
                             
                             , 
                             
                               Z 
                               1 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       + 
                       
                         
                           L 
                           2 
                         
                         × 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               X 
                               2 
                             
                             , 
                             
                               Y 
                               2 
                             
                             , 
                             
                               Z 
                               2 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                       + 
                       ⋯ 
                       + 
                       
                         
                           L 
                           i 
                         
                         × 
                         
                           ( 
                           
                             
                               X 
                               5 
                             
                             , 
                             
                               Y 
                               5 
                             
                             , 
                             
                               Z 
                               5 
                             
                           
                           ) 
                         
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         L 
                         1 
                       
                       + 
                       
                         L 
                         2 
                       
                       + 
                       ⋯ 
                       + 
                       
                         L 
                         5 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   4 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0032]    Then, the Cartesian coordinate (X M , Y M , Z M ) of the center of gravity M is converted into the spherical coordinate (R, φ M , θ M ) by the equations (5)˜(6). 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     θ 
                     M 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       cos 
                       
                         - 
                         1 
                       
                     
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         Z 
                         M 
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             X 
                             M 
                             2 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             Y 
                             M 
                             2 
                           
                           + 
                           
                             Z 
                             M 
                             2 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   5 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     φ 
                     M 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       cos 
                       
                         - 
                         1 
                       
                     
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         Z 
                         M 
                       
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               X 
                               M 
                               2 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               Y 
                               M 
                               2 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               Z 
                               M 
                               2 
                             
                           
                         
                         × 
                         sin 
                          
                         
                             
                         
                          
                         
                           θ 
                           M 
                         
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   6 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0033]    Finally, the spherical coordinate (R, φ M , θ M ) of the center of gravity M is acquired. Therefore, the transmission data of the operation unit  102  comprises the control signal CS corresponding to the spherical coordinate position (R, φ M , θ M ) of the center of gravity M. Wherein, the transmission data of the operation unit  102  is transmitted through the transmitting unit  101   a . Then, the transmitting unit  103   c  of the adjusting unit  103  receives the control signal CS so that the adjusting unit  103  adjusts the solar panel E according to the spherical coordinate position (R, φ M , φ M ) of the center of gravity M. The adjusting unit  103  can perform clockwise or counterclockwise adjustment. Thus, when X M  is larger than or equal to 0, the tilt angle of the clockwise rotation of the solar panel E is (φ M ) and the azimuth angle is θ M . On the contrary, the tilt angle of the counterclockwise rotation of the solar panel E is (φ M ) and the azimuth angle is θ M . At the time, the incident angle and the azimuth angle of the sunray relative to the solar panel E are assumed to be (α 2 , β 2 )=(π/2−φ M , θ M ). 
         [0034]    In one embodiment, when the adjusting unit  103  can only perform clockwise adjustment, the tilt angle φ M  of the center of gravity M is shown by the equations (7)˜(8). 
         [0000]    If X M  is greater than or equal to 0(X M ≧0), 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     φ 
                     M 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         cos 
                         
                           - 
                           1 
                         
                       
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           Z 
                           M 
                         
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 X 
                                 M 
                                 2 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 Y 
                                 M 
                                 2 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 Z 
                                 M 
                                 2 
                               
                             
                           
                           × 
                           sin 
                            
                           
                               
                           
                            
                           
                             θ 
                             M 
                           
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                     . 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   7 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    If X M  is smaller than 0 (X M &lt;0), 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     φ 
                     M 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       2 
                        
                       π 
                     
                     - 
                     
                       
                         
                           cos 
                           
                             - 
                             1 
                           
                         
                         ( 
                         
                           
                             Z 
                             M 
                           
                           
                             
                               
                                 
                                   X 
                                   M 
                                   2 
                                 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   Y 
                                   M 
                                   2 
                                 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   Z 
                                   M 
                                   2 
                                 
                               
                             
                             × 
                             sin 
                              
                             
                                 
                             
                              
                             
                               θ 
                               M 
                             
                           
                         
                         ) 
                       
                       . 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   8 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0035]    If X M  is greater than or equal to 0, the tilt angle φ M  of the center of gravity M is shown by the equation (7) and the tilt angle of the clockwise rotation of the solar panel E is (φ M ) and the azimuth angle is θ M . If X M  is smaller than 0, the tilt angle φ M  of the center of gravity M is shown by the equation (8) and the tilt angle of the counterclockwise rotation of the solar panel E is (φ M ) and the azimuth angle is θ M . 
         [0036]    It should be noted that the sensing tower  101  of this embodiment uses the coordinate relative to the solar panel E and thus the spherical coordinate positions (R, φ 1 , θ 1 )˜(R, φ 5 , θ 5 ) of the sensors S 1 ˜S 5  relative to the solar panel E are unchanged. 
         [0037]    After rotation, the sensing tower  101  performs a sensing procedure to acquire new sensing values L 1 ˜L 5  and the operation unit  102  performs the above operation of calculating a center of gravity again to generate a new center of gravity NM. When the position of the new center of gravity NM is the same as that of the previous center of gravity M, it is considered converged. Thus, the solar panel E and the incident angle of the sunray are perpendicular. In other words, the surface F 1  and the incident angle of the sunrays are perpendicular, or Z axis corresponds to the position of the sunray. It is to be noted that, when sensing tower  101  is implemented by a cone in another embodiment, it&#39;s not necessary perpendicular for the surface F 1  and Z axis, but Z axis must direct to the sunray. When the previous and current incident angle and azimuth angle of the sunray relative to the solar panel E are the same ((α l , β 1 )=(α 2 , β 2 )), the adjusting unit  103  does not perform any adjustment. If not, the above method is performed for adjustment and the rest of the operating principle is the same as the above description and will not be given hereinafter. 
         [0038]    In one embodiment, when the included angle between the solar panel E and the surface  2 ˜ 5  is between 60˜65 degrees, convergence is the fastest. Please refer to  FIG. 4 .  FIG. 4  shows a flow chart illustrating a method for solar-tracking according to one embodiment of the invention. The method comprises the following steps: 
         [0039]    Step S 400 : providing a plurality of surfaces with a solar panel to form a closed space, wherein the closed space has an inscribed hemisphere; 
         [0040]    Step S 402 : disposing a plurality of sensors on at least three tangent points among tangent points formed between the surfaces and the inscribed hemisphere wherein the sensors have coordinate positions, separately; 
         [0041]    Step S 404 : performing a sensing procedure wherein the sensing procedure is to sense the sunrays to generate a plurality of sensing values corresponding to the sunrays; 
         [0042]    Step S 406 : performing an operation of calculating a new center of gravity to generate a position of the center of gravity according to the coordinate positions and the sensing values; 
         [0043]    Step S 408 : adjusting orientation according to the position of the center of gravity; 
         [0044]    Step S 410 : determining whether the position of the new center of gravity and the previous position of the center of gravity are the same; if not, the position of the new center of gravity is fed back as the center of gravity for the orientation adjustment next time and go back to Step S 404 ; if yes, go to Step S 412 ; and 
         [0045]    Step S 412 : end. 
         [0046]    In conclusion, the invention uses the sensing tower to improve the disadvantage of having low solar energy collection capacity due to ineffective solar tracking in the prior art. Besides, through the use of the sensing tower, the geographical position and the astronomic data of the installation location do not need to be known so that the cost of a solar tracking system is reduced. Even when the solar tracking system is installed on a car, solar tracking can be still effectively performed. Besides, the problem that the open-loop solar tracking device cannot effectively increase the solar energy collection capacity when the sun is blocked by clouds can be solved as well. 
         [0047]    Although the present invention has been fully described by the above embodiments, the embodiments should not constitute the limitation of the scope of the invention. Various modifications or changes can be made by those who are skilled in the art without deviating from the spirit of the invention. Any embodiment or claim of the present invention does not need to reach all the disclosed objects, advantages, and uniqueness of the invention. Besides, the abstract and the title are only used for assisting the search of the patent documentation and should not be construed as any limitation on the implementation range of the invention.