Abstract:
A floor-cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning head having a cleaning device, a control handle connected to the cleaning head for controlling the cleaning head and a micro power source in communication with the cleaning device. The micro power source is lightweight, compact, and rechargeable or replaceable for generating energy to power the cleaning device.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     A variety of carpet cleaners, mops and sweepers are used for cleaning various walking surfaces. A conventional carpet cleaner suffers from at least two drawbacks. First, the carpet cleaner tends to be bulky to accommodate a conventional motor to drive a carpet cleaner head and for housing a large container of a chemical cleaning solution. Second, the carpet cleaner typically is plugged into an electrical outlet via an electrical cord, which restricts movement of the carpet cleaner.  
         [0002]     A conventional mop or sweeper also suffers from a number of limitations. The mop or sweeper may employ a chemical cleaning solution in a pre-moistened wipe or as a spray applied from a container attached to the mop or sweeper. However, many consumers disfavor a chemical-based cleaning solution for cleaning walking surfaces due to concerns that the chemicals may be harmful to small children, pets and the like. If water, either heated or in the form of steam, is substituted for the chemical cleaning solution, the mop or sweeper must use an electrical cord plugged into an electrical outlet to heat the water to facilitate cleaning, which severely restricts movement of the mop or sweeper. Likewise, a conventional mop and hot water bucket combination suffers from problems such as progressively dirtier water as the walking surface is mopped. Moreover, the dirty water tends to slosh out of the water bucket as the water bucket is moved about to mop the walking surface.  
         [0003]     A floor-cleaning device is needed in the industry, which utilizes a compact, portable power source that enables a user to move the floor-cleaning device easily about a floor during cleaning.  
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0004]     The present invention generally provides micro powered floor cleaning equipment such as mops, sweepers, carpet cleaners and the like. The floor cleaning equipment utilizes a micro power source that facilitates portability of the floor-cleaning equipment by eliminating electrical power cords in some embodiments and bulky motors in other embodiments to provide electrical power to various cleaning devices of the floor-cleaning equipment. In still other embodiments, the micro power source generates heat to deliver heated water or steam to clean dirty floors or carpets. The component parts of the micro powered floor-cleaning device are simple and economical to manufacture, assemble and use. Other advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the attached drawings, or can be learned through practice of the invention.  
         [0005]     As used herein, the term “solution” means a liquid that can include water, cleaning agents, fragrance additives and the like.  
         [0006]     As used herein, the term “micro power sources” are devices that convert a fuel (typically a liquid such as methanol) into energy via a reaction with oxygen either by electrochemical routes to produce electricity for resistive heating or by chemical routes (e.g., combustion or direct oxidation) to release thermal energy. Micropower sources can include any type of micro-fuel cell, micro-gas turbine (micro engine), microheater or their combinations, which may, for example, deliver 10 to 100 times as much energy as conventional lithium ion batteries occupying the same volume. For instance, the micro power sources may deliver power to devices of the present invention from about 0.2 Watts (W) to 2000 W, more particularly from about 0.5 W to about 200 W.  
         [0007]     The micropower source need not produce electricity, but, some versions of the invention may be other power sources capable of generating thermal energy from a fuel, and also capable of user control to turn on or shut off power production at will, unlike, for example, iron-based exothermic reaction systems used in commercial hand warming pads and other products. In some embodiments described herein, the user can also adjust a setting to control the rate at which energy is produced from the fuel. If the energy is heat, a workpiece can be heated directly. If the energy produced is electricity, the electricity can be used for resistive heating or to activate the workpiece. Of course, when electricity is produced, a portion of the energy produced by the fuel will be released as waste heat, which can be captured and utilized in various aspects of the invention.  
         [0008]     Further, the “micro power sources” according to various aspects of the present invention can be readily rechargeable by simply adding fuel to an empty fuel cartridge or replacing a spent fuel cartridge as will be described in detail in the following discussion.  
         [0009]     More specifically, the micro-fuel cells according to various embodiments described herein are devices that electrochemically oxidize a fuel to generate electricity. Exemplary methods of coupling micro-fuel cells with portable electrical devices are described and shown, for example but without limitation, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,326,097 to Hockaday, which is incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0010]     The micro-gas turbines contemplated in various embodiments herein generally include a miniature compressor that compresses incoming air to high pressure, a combustion area that burns the fuel and produces high-pressure, high-velocity gas, and a tiny turbine that extracts the energy from the high-pressure, high-velocity gas flowing from the combustion chamber, which is then converted to electricity. Examples of microturbines that convert fuel to electricity are found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,940 to Epstein et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 6,392,313 to Epstein et al., which are incorporated herein by reference without limitation.  
         [0011]     The microheater used in various embodiments described herein is a microscale heating system that can be used for personal or portable heating and cooling devices. The microheater has the capability of producing up to 30 W of thermal energy per square centimeter of external combustor area and can heat a portable heater, for instance, for as long as eight hours on minimal fuel. Exemplary microheater applications are described by Drost et al. in a Pacific Northwest National Laboratory paper entitled  MicroHeater , ca. Jul. 21, 1999, which is incorporated herein and without limitation by reference thereto.  
         [0012]     Another example of fuel cell technology, which can be used in various embodiments of the present invention is a hydrogen-based fuel cell system, which is available for instance but without limitation from Angstrom Power Solutions (North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada). Such a system is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,864,010 to McLean, which is incorporated by reference. The hydrogen-based fuel cell system uses compressed hydrogen gas in cartridges or metal hydride storage systems. A proton exchange membrane with a porous diffusion material and catalyst generates electricity from the reaction of oxygen and hydrogen, with an optional hybrid battery connected to the fuel cell. The fuel cell can be cylindrical, as in the shape of existing AA lithium batteries, or can have a prismatic shape. For example, an Angstrom V50 cylindrical fuel cell is 2.6 cosmetic in diameter and 2 cm long, producing 1 W at 5 volts. A V60 fuel cell is a prismatic fuel cell with dimensions of 5 mm×27 mm×19 mm. As presented at the 7th Annual Small Fuel Cell 2005 Conference, Washington, D.C., Apr. 27-29, 2005, Angstrom fuel cells may deliver energy of 700 Whr/liter or 170 Whr/kg at 50% net efficiency.  
         [0013]     With particular reference to the micro-fuel cell form of a micro power source, the micro-fuel cell generates and delivers electrical power to cleaning devices very efficiently. It is also important to note that the invention uses fuel to generate energy in a controlled manner, which will broaden the capability of the micro-fuel cells. The significance of this concept is that the fuel can either generate electricity that is then used to create heat, or the fuel can directly produce heat without first creating electricity. The fuel is capable of doing so by controlled oxidation in the presence of catalysts, creating energy used by electricity for resistive heating, or direct generation of heat from oxidation of the fuel. When electricity is used, a significant portion of the energy value of the fuel will still be released as waste heat.  
         [0014]     The micro-fuel cell can be but is not limited to a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) cell, a direct methanol cell (DMFC—a form of PEMFC discussed below), a phosphoric acid cell, an alkaline cell, a molten carbonate cell, a solid oxide cell, and a regenerative (reversible) micro-fuel cell. Other types of micro-fuel cells may include small MEMS (micro electrical machined system) devices, which are also suitable for electrical power applications. The MEMS-based fuel cell can be a solid oxide type (SOFC), a solid polymer type (SPFC), or a proton exchange membrane type (PEMFC). Each MEMS micro-fuel cell can have an anode and a cathode separated by an electrolyte layer. Additionally, catalyst layers can also separate the electrodes (cathode and anode) from the electrolyte as discussed below.  
         [0015]     By way of more specific example, the PEM micro-fuel cells use a membrane to separate the fuel from the oxygen. A catalyst such as platinum may be present on, in, or otherwise associated with the membrane to help generate hydrogen ions from the fuel in the presence of an electrochemical circuit that receives an electron as a hydrogen ion is generated. The membrane, typically wetted with water, allows hydrogen ions from the fuel to diffuse toward the oxygen where it reacts electrochemically. The overall reactions involved may be, in the case of methanol fuel cell:
 
CH 3 OH+H 2 O→CO 2 +6H + +6 e   − 
 
6H + +3/2O 2 +6 e   − →3H 2 O
 
         [0016]     The flow of electrons across the circuit occurs at a voltage that can be used to conduct useful work; i.e., to power cleaning devices as described herein.  
         [0017]     By way of further example but not of limitation, a micro-fuel cell in another aspect of the invention can be made from two silicon substrates. Porous silicon is formed along the surface of the substrate in a desired pattern provided by a mask. Suitable mask materials include those that do not dissolve in HF, e.g., silicon nitride, gold and chromium. Ambient mask conditions are next changed to provide electropolishing to form gas delivery tunnels or channels underlying the porous regions. A variety of patterns are suitable for these tunnels or channels such as serpentine, parallel, wheel and spoke or fractal patterns. The mask provides a final structure in which the porous silicon regions are supported, typically by portions of the mask itself. The resulting structure provides porous silicon regions formed in the surface of the substrate, with underlying tunnel regions formed within the substrate.  
         [0018]     In this exemplary micro-fuel cell, two silicon current collector/gas diffusion structures are prepared as described above. A catalyst layer is then formed on each silicon structure (on the surface in which the porous silicon regions are formed) for both electrodes. The catalyst layer is formed by any suitable technique, e.g., sputtering or spinning an emulsion of catalyst particles. The catalyst layer can be, for example, platinum or platinum/carbon (e.g., carbon particles having attached platinum particles). Additionally, a platinum/ruthenium catalyst is useful for reacting with methanol fuel, although the Pt—Ru is generally only used for the catalyst layer in contact with the fuel, with a different catalyst used on the oxidant side of the cell. The catalyst layer is electrically conductive (i.e., at least 1 ohm −1  cm −1 ) and is in electrical contact with the silicon current collector.  
         [0019]     On one of the foregoing substrates, a proton exchange membrane is formed on the catalyst layer. As used herein, the term “proton exchange membrane” indicates any suitable material that allows ions to conduct across it. Forming the proton exchange membrane encompasses in situ techniques such as spin or solution casting, as well as providing a preformed film onto the catalyst. An exemplary membrane for use in this construction is the Nafion® brand membrane sold by the Dupont® company. Specifically, the Nafion® brand membrane is a perfluorosulfuric acid membrane with a polytetrafluoroethylene backbone.  
         [0020]     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other films are commercially available and suitable for use as the membrane. For example but not by way of limitation, modified Nafion® brand membranes can be obtained by treatment with electron beams or chemical modification (e.g., addition of a polybenzimidazole layer applied with screen printing or other printing techniques). The membrane can also contain exfoliated clays or hydrocarbons.  
         [0021]     The selected membrane is next formed on the catalyst layer by liquid phase techniques, e.g., spin casting or solution casting, or by assembly of a pre-cast film. The membrane thickness ranges from about 10 to about 50 μm. In the case of a pre-cast film, the catalyst material is generally painted onto the film, e.g., as an ink containing the catalyst, alcohols, and the membrane polymer.  
         [0022]     It should be understood that there is no well-defined boundary between the catalyst layer and the membrane. For example, in the case of spin or solution casting, the catalyst layer surface generally has some texture, and casting of the membrane layer on such a textured surface causes the ionically conducting polymer to move into such textured regions, e.g., into local valleys of the catalyst layer. Painting a catalyst material onto a pre-cast membrane provides a similar result.  
         [0023]     To finish forming the micro-fuel cell, one of the above-described electrode structures is placed on the other electrode structure such that the catalyst layer of the second substrate contacts the proton exchange membrane. Generally, a PTFE or solubilized form of the proton exchange membrane is used to bond the catalyst layer to the membrane, followed by a heat treatment to drive off alcohol and solvents.  
         [0024]     As constructed above, the micro-fuel cell operates as follows: fuel, e.g., hydrogen or methanol, is introduced into the first current collector (the anode) by directing the fuel through the tunnels such that it diffuses through the porous gas-diffusion regions to the catalyst layer. The catalyst layer promotes formation of hydrogen ions from the fuel, releasing electrons. The electrons flow from the catalyst layer through the anode current collector and through an external circuit, while the hydrogen ions (i.e., protons) move across the membrane toward the second catalyst layer (the cathode catalyst).  
         [0025]     In this micro-fuel cell, an oxidant, e.g., air or oxygen, is directed into the tunnels of the cathode current collector, and diffuses through the gas-diffusion porous regions to the second catalyst layer. At this second catalyst layer, oxygen from the oxidant reacts both with the hydrogen ions flowing across the membrane and with the electrons flowing to the catalyst layer from the external circuit to form water. As noted above, this electron flow provides the desired current, and the water by-product is removed from the cell.  
         [0026]     With reference now to the direct methanol fuel (DMFC) cell briefly introduced above, an exemplary DMFC cell includes a 13 W fuel cell operating at 15V that can operate for about 10 hours on approximately 100 ml of fuel. Another exemplary DMFC is thumb-sized: about 22 mm×about 56 mm×about 4.5 mm with 1.6 g of methanol fuel in its tank and has an overall mass of about 8.5 g. This micro-fuel cell provides about 20 hours of power at 100 mW for operation of, for example, a heating device using just 2 cc of fuel.  
         [0027]     By way of further example, an active micro-fuel cell can provide 1 W of power for about 20 hours with approximately 25 cc of fuel. With the 25 cc methanol fuel cartridge in place, its weight is only about 130 g, with a size of about 100 mm×about 60 mm×about 30 mm (about 140 cc volume). This is equivalent to 6 lithium-ion batteries (3.7V and 600 mAh) that are currently used, for instance, in cellular phones  
         [0028]     By way of further example, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) at Los Alamos, N.M. has developed micro-fuel cells such as a 100 cm 2  fuel cell for the U.S. Department of Energy and a 19.6 cm 2  fuel cell (250 g, 340 W/kg, 25 W nominal and 75-85 W peak power).  
         [0029]     Many of the foregoing exemplary micro-fuel cells can use a variety of fuels, e.g., ethyl alcohol, methanol, formic acid, butane, or other fuel sources to produce electrical power. The skilled artisan will instantly recognize that the fuels need not be methanol or other volatile fuels, but can also be non-volatile fuels such as non-volatile borohydride-alkaline solutions combined with alcohols such as those provided by Medis Technologies of New York City, N.Y.  
         [0030]     A variety of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can also be used as the micro-fuel cells. In an SOFC, a solid oxide electrolyte is used in combination with a compatible anode and a cathode material. Such an SOFC generates electricity and heat by directly converting the chemical energy of a fuel (hydrogen, hydrocarbons) with an oxidant (O 2 , air) via an electrochemical process. The SOFC makes use of the property of certain solid-state oxide electrolytes to support a current of oxygen anions; for example, stabilized zirconia or related oxygen-ion conductors.  
         [0031]     Also in the SOFC, the electrolyte membrane separates the fuel and oxidant with the cathode side in contact with the oxidant and the anode side in contact with the fuel. Oxygen from the oxidant stream is reduced to O 2−  anions at the cathode. These anions are transported through the solid electrolyte to the anode side of the cell. At the anode, the O 2−  ions are reacted with the fuel stream thus releasing electrons to flow back to the cathode. A secondary device in accordance with certain aspects of the present invention can be inserted into the circuit between the anode and cathode to draw useful work from the flow of electrons generated.  
         [0032]     In addition to the above-described micro-fuel cells, other fuel cell technologies are suitable for use in various embodiments of the present invention. For example, a methanol fuel cell is available from CMR Fuel Cells, Ltd. of Harston, Cambridge, United Kingdom, which does not require the flow plates used by some fuel cells to keep the fuel and the oxygen separated (compare SOFC above); i.e., the CMR fuel cell allows operation with mixed fuel and oxygen. Yet other suppliers of micro-fuel cells include Smart Fuel Cell GmbH of Germany, Samsung of South Korea and Microcell of Raleigh, N.C. In particular, the Microcell-PE methanol fuel cells are useful for powering portable devices requiring sub-watt to 100 W power.  
         [0033]     In light of the above exemplary micro power sources, according to a particular aspect of the invention, a floor-cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning head with a cleaning device; a control handle connected to the cleaning head for controlling the cleaning head; and a micro power source in communication with the cleaning device. In this aspect, the cleaning device can be a steamer in communication with the micro power source. The steamer heats a solution held in a reservoir. Specifically, the solution is heated using the electricity generated by the micro power source to produce a steam. The cleaning device directs the steam from the steamer onto a floor for cleaning the floor.  
         [0034]     The micro power source in this aspect of the invention includes a fuel source and a chamber in communication with the fuel source. The chamber generates the electricity from a fuel communicated from the fuel source to power the cleaning device such as the steamer. Alternatively, or in addition to the steamer, the cleaning device can be an ultrasonic plate in communication with the micro power source. The ultrasonic plate, which is similar in some ways to the device of U.S. Pat. No. 6,376,444 to Hortel et al. incorporated herein by reference, produces a plurality of vibrations using the electricity generated by the micro power source, the cleaning device being configured to direct the vibrations from the ultrasonic plate in a direction of a floor to dislodge a plurality of foreign particles from the floor.  
         [0035]     Also in the present aspect of the invention, the control handle of the floor-cleaning apparatus is swivably connected to the cleaning head by a swivel assembly. The swivel assembly is similar in some ways to that of the SWIFFER® brand device. In this example, the swivel assembly permits a user to change a direction of movement of the cleaning head by simply swiveling the control handle about the cleaning head without needing to lift the cleaning head from the floor.  
         [0036]     The control handle can also include a power switch electrically connected to the micro power source. The power switch is used to selectively activate the micro power source. The power switch can be a conductivity contact for activating the micro power source by a user touch. When the user releases the conductivity contact, the micro power source is deactivated.  
         [0037]     Further, in this aspect of the invention, the micro power source is a fuel cell with a fuel cartridge located near or attached to the chamber for holding the fuel. The chamber is a reaction chamber that receives the fuel from the fuel cartridge to generate the electricity from an oxidation of the fuel in order to power the cleaning device. In this aspect, the oxidation generates about 0.2 W to about 200 W for powering the cleaning device. Also in this aspect, the oxidizing fuel can generate a waste heat. A supply of volatile fragrance solution is supplied in this aspect, which can be heated by the waste heat to evaporate or chemically react to deliver an aroma into a room as the floor is being cleaned.  
         [0038]     The fuel cartridge in this aspect of the invention is either refillable with a replacement supply of fuel, or can be a replaceable fuel cartridge, which can be replaced in its entirety when the fuel is depleted.  
         [0039]     Also in this aspect of the invention, a vacuum is provided, which includes a hose with a bag connected to the hose. The vacuum has a vacuum port in communication with a floor and the hose. A filter such as an electrostatic filter is positioned between the vacuum port and the hose.  
         [0040]     Further in this aspect, a motor and a beater bar are included. The beater bar has a plurality of brushes and is powered by the motor. As the motor drives the beater bar, the brushes are rotated, swept side to side or otherwise moved to clean the floor.  
         [0041]     The floor cleaning apparatus in the present aspect can also include a reservoir for holding. a fluid such as a quantity of water, a quantity of cleaning solution, a quantity of fragrance solution and any combinations of the foregoing. A control mechanism such as a button is also provided in this aspect for the user to selectively spray the water, the cleaning solution, the fragrance or their combinations.  
         [0042]     In another embodiment of the invention, a floor cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning head with a cleaning device; a control handle connected to the cleaning head for controlling the cleaning head; and a micro fuel cell in communication with the cleaning device. The cleaning device in this aspect can be a steamer electrically connected to the micro fuel cell. The steamer heats a solution from a reservoir using the electricity generated by the micro fuel cell to produce a steam. The cleaning device directs the steam from the steamer onto a floor for cleaning the floor.  
         [0043]     In this aspect, the micro fuel cell includes at least one fuel cartridge having a quantity of fuel disposed therein and a reaction chamber in communication with the fuel cartridge. The reaction chamber generates electricity from an oxidation of the fuel to power the cleaning device. Also in this aspect of the invention, an intake member is located adjacent the reaction chamber to protect the reaction chamber from the solution or fluid.  
         [0044]     Alternatively or in addition to the steamer, the cleaning device in this aspect can include an ultrasonic plate electrically connected to the fuel cell. The ultrasonic plate produces a plurality of vibrations using the electricity generated by the fuel cell, and the cleaning device directs the vibrations from the ultrasonic plate in a direction of a floor to dislodge a plurality of foreign particles from the floor, such as dust, dirt, lint, dried food particles and the like.  
         [0045]     In yet another aspect of the invention, a floor cleaning apparatus includes a cleaning head having a cleaning device; a control handle connected to the cleaning head for controlling the cleaning head; and a microturbine engine in communication with the cleaning device. In this aspect, the cleaning device can be a steam, an ultrasonic plate or the like. The microturbine engine generates electricity to power the cleaning device.  
         [0046]     The control handle can have a power switch electrically connected to the microturbine engine to selectively activate the microturbine engine. In this aspect, the power switch can be a conductivity contact for activating the microturbine engine by a user touch. When the user releases the conductivity contact, the microturbine engine is deactivated.  
         [0047]     In this aspect of the invention, the microturbine engine includes a plurality of diffuser vanes and a plurality of compressor blades. The plurality of compressor blades rotates about the diffuser vanes to generate the electricity. More particularly, a fuel cartridge holds a supply of fuel, which a chamber receives. The fuel is combusted in the chamber, which rotates the compressor blades in response to a combustion gas generated by the combusted fuel.  
         [0048]     Other aspects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the attached drawings, or can be learned through practice of the invention. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0049]     The above and other aspects of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description below and in combination with the drawings in which:  
         [0050]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of floor-cleaning apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention;  
         [0051]      FIG. 2  is an elevational view of the floor-cleaning apparatus as in  FIG. 1  showing a cleaning device powered by a micro power source according to one embodiment of the invention;  
         [0052]      FIG. 3  is an exploded view of a reusable micro power source being inserted in a cleaning device according to an aspect of the invention;  
         [0053]      FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram of a micro fuel cell as used in a floor-cleaning apparatus according to an aspect of the invention;  
         [0054]      FIG. 5  is a cross sectional, elevational view of a micro power source as used in a floor-cleaning apparatus in accordance with another aspect of the invention;  
         [0055]      FIG. 6  is a top perspective view of a microturbine as used in the micro power source of  FIG. 5 ; and  
         [0056]      FIG. 7  is an elevational view of a floor-cleaning apparatus according to another embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0057]     Detailed reference will now be made to the drawings in which examples embodying the present invention are shown. The detailed description uses numerical and letter designations to refer to features of the drawings. Like or similar designations in the drawings and description have been used to refer to like or similar parts of the invention.  
         [0058]     The drawings and detailed description provide a full and detailed written description of the invention and the manner and process of making and using it, so as to enable one skilled in the pertinent art to make and use it. The drawings and detailed description also provide the best mode of carrying out the invention. However, the examples set forth in the drawings and detailed description are provided by way of explanation of the invention and are not meant as limitations of the invention. The present invention thus includes any modifications and variations of the following examples as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.  
         [0059]     As broadly embodied in the figures, a floor cleaning apparatus employs a micro power source for powering various cleaning devices used with the floor cleaning apparatus. The cleaning devices are used to clean surfaces such as carpets, hardwood flooring, tiles and other walking surfaces. The skilled artisan will instantly recognize that the cleaning devices and other components of the floor cleaning apparatus including their materials, combinations and dimensions, which are described in detail below, are modifiable to accommodate various cleaning requirements and are not limited to only those examples shown in the figures.  
         [0060]     As shown in  FIG. 1 , a first embodiment of a floor-cleaning apparatus is designated in general by the element number  10 . The floor-cleaning apparatus  10  broadly includes a cleaning head  12 , a control handle  16  (alternatively, arm or body) and a micro power source  18 . As described in detail below, the micro power source  18  is a portable source of electricity for powering various cleaning devices attached to the cleaning head  12 .  
         [0061]     With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2  the cleaning head  12  more particularly includes a cleaning device  14 , which is used in this aspect of the invention to clean a floor F or carpet C. For instance, the cleaning device  14  can include a beater brush  14 A rotatably attached to the cleaning head  12  for agitating and loosening foreign matter such as dirt, dust, lint, pet hair, particulates and the like, generally designated by the letter M, which may be situated in or on the carpet C. Alternatively, the beater brush  14 A may vibrate or oscillate in any manner other than complete rotation and may, for example, be driven by piezoelectric vibration at various frequencies sufficient to dislodge the foreign matter M.  
         [0062]     As shown most clearly in  FIG. 2 , the cleaning head  12  can include a heating element  14 B, which is electrically connected to the microfuel cell  34  by an electrical connection or power line P. As shown, the heating element  14 B can be used to heat a cleaning solution such as water W, which is stored in a solution reservoir  15 . The heating element  14 B heats the solution W and can deliver the heated solution W in the form of steam S, which is released through a steamer  14 C also attached to the cleaning device  14 . Alternatively, or in addition to the steamer  14 C, a spray nozzle or sprayer  14 D can be attached to the cleaning device  14  in communication with the solution reservoir  15  and/or the heating element  14 B for spraying the heated solution W onto the floor F.  
         [0063]      FIGS. 1 and 2  further show that the control body  16  can include a motor  28  in electrical communication with, for instance, the beater brush  14 A or a vacuum  20  to power the beater brush  14 A, the vacuum  20  and other components. As shown, the control body  16  can include an on/off switch  30 , which can be used to activate the motor  28 . Alternatively, a user exerting pressure on the cleaning head  12  through the handle  16  could activate the motor  28 . Moreover, the on/off switch  30  may be a conductivity contact to activate the microfuel cell  34 . Alternatively, or in addition to the on/off switch  30 , a printable conductive ink contact  31  can be provided for hand actuation of the microfuel cell  34  and thus the cleaning device  14 . In this aspect of the invention, the contact  31  can prevent power drain of the microfuel cell  34  since human contact is required to maintain activation of the microfuel cell  34  when using the contact  31 . Such contact also alleviates safety concerns since the cleaning device  14  will not be powered without human contact.  
         [0064]     The micro power source  18  shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  includes a microfuel cell  34 , which has a combustion or electrochemical reaction chamber  36  and a fuel cartridge  38  for storing a quantity of fuel  40 . Although shown relatively horizontal in this example, the fuel cartridge  38  may be disposed at a higher elevation than the reaction chamber  36  during normal use in order to permit gravitational feed of the fuel  40  to the reaction chamber  36 , if desired. Alternatively, micro pumps, capillary pressure, or other devices and methods may be used to deliver the fuel  40  in other embodiments.  
         [0065]      FIG. 2  also shows a vibrator or ultrasonic plate  14 E, which is connected to the microfuel cell  34  by the electrical line P. As shown, the ultrasonic plate  14 E can be powered by the microfuel cell  34  to induce energy or vibrations V that can be used to dislodge the foreign matter M from the floor F or the carpet C. The plate  14 E can operate at an ultrasonic frequency or lower frequencies having a drive using piezoelectric or electrically driven mechanical shakers. By way of example and without limiting the present invention, U.S. Pat. No. 4,728,843 to Mishiro describes vibrator plates, which can be used as the plate  14 E.  
         [0066]     More particularly, the ultrasonic plate  14 E can be a resonator having a watertight, welded stainless steel housing as shown in which a number of piezo-horns  17  (e.g., lead, zircon, titanate) are mounted near the floor F to produce the vibrations V at a desired output; e.g., in frequency ranges of 25, 40 and 132 kHz. The skilled artisan will instantly recognize that piezo-horns  17  can be mounted in a variety of ways, for example, built in the housing, attached to a diaphragm in the housing, or suspended with mounting hooks and a V4A tube or the like. As shown, the vibrations V radiate from the piezo-horns  17  onto the floor F. After the vibrations V from the ultrasonic plate  14 E dislodge the foreign matter M, the foreign matter M can be vacuumed more easily by the vacuum  20 .  
         [0067]     As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the vacuum  20  includes a vacuum port  22  defined in the cleaning device  14 . More particularly, the vacuum port  22  is connected to a hose  24 , which is also connected to a vacuum bag  26 . An electrostatic filter  14 F is positioned between the vacuum port  22  and the hose  24  and is also connected to the microfuel cell  34  by the electrical line P. Thus, as the vacuum  20  is operated, the electrostatic filter  14 F purifies the ambient air being drawn into the vacuum bag  26  as indicated by the bold arrows in  FIG. 2 .  
         [0068]     Also shown in  FIG. 2 , an ionizer  14 G can be connected to the microfuel cell  18  and located next to the vacuum port  22 . As the vacuum  20  is being used, the ionizer  14 G will emit negative ions, which collide with ambient airborne molecules being drawn into the vacuum port  22 . The negative ions from the ionizer  14 G give up their negative charge to create negative molecules, which are attracted to surrounding positive molecules in the ambient air. The accumulation process continues until the particles M become heavy enough to fall to the floor F and are vacuumed by the vacuum  20  through the vacuum port  22 . Thus, the ionizer  14 G removes small pollutants that can harbor toxic chemical and disease organisms.  
         [0069]      FIGS. 1 and 2  further show that the control body  16  includes a plurality of mechanisms  32  (alternatively, buttons or switches), which are in communication with any of the foregoing components to selectively control the components. For instance, the mechanisms  32  can be used to selectively inject a fragrance additive into the solution W before spraying the solution W onto the floor F, or for illuminating a light source  14   h  powered by the power source  18 , which can be useful to illuminate dark corners while cleaning.  
         [0070]     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the floor-cleaning apparatus  10  includes a swivel assembly  33  connecting the cleaning head  12  to the control body  16 . The swivel assembly  33  includes a swivel  33 A and a complementary head  33 B, which cooperate to allow a user to swivel the control body  16  relative to the cleaning head  12  to change directions of the floor-cleaning apparatus  10 . The swivel assembly  33  and its swivel  33 A and head  33 B can be a ball-joint, adjustable detent device or the like to position the control body  16  according to the requirement of the user. A snap-in or screw-like assembly  25  can be provided to detach the handle  16  from the cleaning head  12  to be used as a hand-held cleaning device. Further details are not necessary for one skilled in the art to understand and practice these aspects of the invention.  
         [0071]      FIGS. 1 and 2  also show a fragrance holder  37 , which holds a quantity of fragrance in the form of a solution or emulsion. The fragrance holder  37  is attached on or near the combustion chamber  36  such that the fragrance solution is mixed with a water vapor discharge that emits as a byproduct from the combustion chamber  36  as will be described according to an exemplary operation of the micro-fuel cell  34  below. In this aspect of the invention, the water vapor discharge is leveraged to emit a pleasant smelling aroma into a room as the walking surface F is being cleaned. Alternatively, waste heat from the micro-fuel cell  34  can be used to heat a fragrance solution, which can be in solid, semi-solid, or liquid form, to deliver a selected aroma during operation.  
         [0072]     With reference now to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the micro-fuel cell  34  can have an air intake  39  to allow air in the atmosphere to be in fluid communication with the internal fuel cell. The air intake  39  can include a gas pervious material such as a fibrous web or other filter, a porous membrane, an apertured solid, a grill, a plurality of slots or other openings in the micro-fuel cell  34 . In one aspect, the air intake  39  is provided with a water repellent mechanism, device or coating to prevent the solution W used for cleaning the floors F or carpets C from accidentally flooding the internal fuel cell. For example, the air intake  39  can have a hydrophobic barrier such as a hydrophobic web (woven or nonwoven), an apertured film, a porous membrane, and the like, which are suitable for resisting the in-flow of the solution W. Although the air intake  39  can be on an uppermost surface of micro-fuel cell  34 , the skilled artisan will instantly appreciate that the air intake  39  can be positioned along one or more sides or a bottom area of the micro-fuel cell  34 , and multiple air intakes having a variety of geometries can be provided. Thus, the invention is not limited to the exemplary air intake  39  as shown in  FIG. 3 .  
         [0073]      FIG. 3  most clearly shows the microfuel cell  34 . In this aspect of the invention, the microfuel cell  34  includes the combustion chamber  36 , the fuel cartridge  38  and the air intake  39  as briefly introduced above. As shown, the fuel cartridge  38  holds the fuel  40 , which upon activation of the on/off switch  30  or the contact  31 , for instance, will deliver the fuel  40  into the combustion chamber  36  for combustion. More particularly, the fuel  40  undergoes an electrochemical reaction in which electrons are transferred in a manner to create the electricity as described in greater detail with respect to  FIG. 4  below. The electricity is delivered to the various components described above via the electrical lines P. As further shown, the fuel cartridge  38  can be refilled with a subsequent quantity of fuel  40  using a refueling device  42 , or the fuel cartridge  38  can be removed and replaced in its entirety with a new fuel cartridge after the fuel  40  is depleted from the original fuel cartridge  38 .  
         [0074]      FIG. 4  shows an alternative embodiment of a microfuel cell  134 , which can be used to power a cleaning device  114 . As shown in this cross-section, the microfuel cell  134  is “sandwiched” together to serve as a gas delivery structure for a fuel, for example, hydrogen gas H 2 , and for an oxidant (e.g., O 2 ). More particularly, the microfuel cell  134  contains an anode current collector  136 A and a cathode current collector  136 B, which can both be formed, for instance, from a graphite block with machined paths thereon (not shown) for directing the fuel or the oxidant. In this aspect, graphite cloths  144 A,B are provided to allow for gas diffusion from the current collectors  136 A,B to a centrally-located proton exchange membrane  148  having catalyst films  146 A,B formed on each side of the exchange membrane  148 . In this example, platinum is used to form the catalyst films  146 A,B.  
         [0075]     As indicated in  FIG. 4 , the hydrogen gas fuel H 2  moves through the machined paths in the anode current collector  136 A, diffuses through the graphite cloth  144 A, and contacts the catalyst layer  146 A. The catalyst strips electrons e −  from the fuel H 2 , and the electrons e −  then travel through an external circuit  150 . The remaining positive ions H +  travel through the membrane  148  to the second catalyst layer  146 B where they combine with oxygen ions formed when the free electrons e −  travel from the circuit  150  and combine with the oxidant fed through the machined channels of the cathode current collector  136 B. One byproduct of this process is electricity generated by the electron flow. Similar to the embodiment above, the electricity in this example is connected to and powers the cleaning device  114  via a power line P. Other byproducts of the process are heat and water. The heat can be recycled with the water to produce a water vapor, which can be combined with the fragrance solution from the fragrance holder  37  for emission into the room, as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1 and 2 .  
         [0076]     Turning now to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , an alternative embodiment of a micropower source used to power a cleaning device  214  is a micro gas turbine engine or microengine  234 , which generally includes a plurality of fixed diffuser vanes  258  disposed about a plurality of rotating compressor blades  256 . In this example, the micro-gas turbine engine  234  is about 12 mm in diameter and about 3 mm in thickness and employs an air inlet  252  defining an area of about 1 mm 2 . By way of exemplary operation, air A enters the micro-gas turbine engine  234  along a centerline L defined through the inlet  252 . As shown, the air A turns radially outward and is compressed in a centrifugal, planar microcompressor described below. Although only one air path A is apparent in  FIG. 5  for clarity, the skilled artisan will appreciate that a continuous air path exists around a circumference of the microengine  234  and through its various components as more clearly shown in  FIG. 6 .  
         [0077]      FIGS. 5 and 6  further show that the microcompressor includes a compressor rotor disk  254  that is approximately 4 mm in diameter in this example and has radial-flow rotor blades  256 , which are about 250 micrometers in this example. As shown, the compressor rotor disk  254  is connected to a shaft  274  that is radially joumalled for spinning, which in turn spins the compressor rotor disk  254  and the blades  256 . Also shown, the plurality of stationary diffuser vanes  258  is located just beyond a radial periphery of the compressor rotor disk  254 . Thus, the air A passing through the compressor rotor blades  256  exits the rotor with a large angular momentum that is removed by the vanes  258  in the diffuser and converted to a static pressure rise.  
         [0078]     More specifically, fuel (not shown) is injected at the discharge of the compressor rotor disk  254  by way of a fuel injector  260 , which is formed of a circular array of, e.g., about 100-200 fuel-metering orifices on the microengine housing  235 . As shown, the injected fuel mixes with the air A while flowing radially outward. The fuel injectors  260  are supplied by, e.g., an annular supply plenum  262  that is connected to an external fuel tank such as the fuel cartridge  38  described above.  
         [0079]     The air-fuel mixture traverses a diffuser region and then turns (indicated by the letter T) through about  90  degrees to axially traverse a periphery of small holes; i.e., the combustor inlet ports  264  that define flameholders provided in the region between the ports  264 . A plurality of combustion igniters  266 , e.g., resistive heaters controlled to the auto-ignition temperature of the air-fuel mixture, are located at a number of the combustion inlet ports to initiate combustion of the air-fuel mixture. The ignited mixture axially enters an annular microcombustion chamber  236  where the mixture is fully combusted. In this example, the microcombustion chamber  236  is between about 2 mm-10 mm in annular height and between about 0.5 mm-5.5 mm long measured axially.  
         [0080]      FIGS. 5 and 6  show that expanding exhaust gases from the microcombustion chamber  236  are discharged radially inward through stationary turbine guide vanes  268  to a planar radial inflow microturbine rotor disk  270 . The turbine rotor disk  270  diameter can be substantially similar to that of the compressor rotor disk  254 . Like the microcompressor, the turbine rotor disk  270  includes axial blades  272  similar in height to those of the compressor rotor  254 . As shown, the turbine disk  270  is connected by way of the journalled shaft  274  to the compressor disk  254  and thus rotationally drives the microcompressor in response to combustion gases exhausted through the microturbine blades that cause the turbine disk to spin. Specifically, as discussed above, the microturbine is exhausted radially inward where the exhaust gas then turns T′ axially, leaving the microengine  234  through an exhaust nozzle  276 . Thus, the turbine rotor disk  270  can operate as a micro generator for driving power electronics via a power line P that in turn drive an electrical load such as a cleaning device  214 .  
         [0081]      FIG. 7  shows another embodiment of a floor-cleaning apparatus  310  according to another aspect of the invention. Many components of this embodiment are similar to the foregoing embodiments and reference is made to the above-described embodiments to provide a full and enabling description for like or similar components. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the floor-cleaning apparatus  310  in this aspect of the invention broadly includes a cleaning head  312  connected to a control body  316 . The floor-cleaning apparatus  310  also employs a micro power source  318 . As shown, a sprayer  314 D is connected to a reservoir  315  in which a cleaning solution W is held. A disposable wipe  314 A is attached to the cleaning head  312 . In this aspect of the invention, the solution W can be sprayed from the sprayer  314 D after the solution W has been heated by a heating element  314 B. Specifically, the heating element  314 B is powered by the micro power source  318 , which can be a microfuel cell that produces electricity by way of an electrochemical reaction as described above, or the micro power source  318  can be a microturbine also as described above. Alternatively, the micro power source  318  can be a combination of the microfuel cell and the microturbine. In the latter case, as detailed above with respect to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the microfuel cell generates a combustion gas, which powers the microturbine that in turn generates the electricity to power separate components such as the heating element  314 B.  
         [0082]     As further shown in  FIG. 7 , the floor cleaning apparatus  310  may include more than one heating element  314 B. As shown, one heating element  314 B heats the solution W as discussed above, and another is attached to the cleaning head  312  for heating the wipe  314 A as the cleaning head  312  moves along the floor F. In this manner, the heated solution W and/or the heated wipe  314 A serve to heat and dislodge foreign matter M from the floor F. Additionally, the heated wipe  314 A can contain a textured surface to help dislodge the foreign matter M. For instance, dried jelly, ketchup and the like spilled on the floor F can be loosened by the heated solution W and more easily lifted from the floor F by the textured surface of the wipe  314 A. After use, the wipe  314 A can be discarded and replaced with a replacement wipe.  
         [0083]     In this embodiment, those skilled in the art will recognize that additional components may necessarily or optionally be present such as wiring P to connect the micro power source  318  to the various components it powers; mechanisms such as buttons  332  to turn the power on and off, or switches or other devices  330  to control settings and operation of the various components; an LCD panel or other display components to indicate how much fuel is left or when the fuel needs to be recharged; snap-in receptacles to receive the fuel cell, containers to hold spare fuel cell cartridges, etc.  
         [0084]     While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will recognize that other changes and modifications may be made to the foregoing embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, specific fuels described above and various devices and their shapes and materials and placement can be modified to suit particular applications. It is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.