Abstract:
Amphiphilic macromolecules having structural units to adjust molecular weight and molecular weight distribution and charging property effects, high stereo-hindrance structural units, and amphiphilic structural units, are suitable for fields such as oil field well drilling, well cementation fracturing, oil gathering and transfer, sewage treatment, sludge treatment and papermaking, etc., and can be used as an oil-displacing agent for enhanced oil production, a heavy oil viscosity reducer, a fracturing fluid, a clay stabilizing agent, a sewage treatment agent, a papermaking retention and drainage aid or a reinforcing agent, etc.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a national stage entry of PCT/CN2011/001577 filed Sep. 16, 2011, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201110210343.7, filed on Jul. 26, 2011, said applications are expressly incorporated herein in their entirety. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    This invention relates to an amphiphilic macromolecule and uses thereof, and this amphiphilic macromolecule is applicable to oilfield drilling, well cementing, fracturing, crude oil gathering and transporting, sewage treating, sludge treating and papermaking, and it can be used as intensified oil producing agent and oil displacing agent, heavy oil viscosity reducer, fracturing fluid, clay stabilizer, sewage treating agent, retention aid and drainage aid and strengthening agent for papermaking. 
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
       [0003]    Chemical process is an important Enhanced Oil Recovery technology for intensified oil production, and the chemical flooding is one of the most effective and potential measures, which is especially represented by polymer flooding. However, there arise some problems in the polymer system for conventional flooding with the deep implementation of polymer flooding technology. Under reservoir conditions of high temperature and high salinity, the viscosifying capacity and thermal stability of the widely used partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide polymer reduces rapidly; in the meantime, the polyacrylamide polymer does not have the surface/interfacial reactivity per se, and could not start the oil film effectively, so that its ability to mine the remaining oil is limited. The polymer-based binary-component composite system (polymer/surfactant) and triple-component system (polymer/surfactant/alkali) may enhance the emulsification stability of the crude oil produced fluid, resulting in increased difficulty in oil/water separation and sewage treatment, as well as the weakening of synergistic effect between the components of the system under reservoir conditions, and also it may damage the reservoir. The application of the composite system is thus restricted. 
         [0004]    Heavy oil recovery is a common difficulty around the world, mainly because the heavy oil is high in viscosity, high in gum asphaltene content or wax content, thus, the heavy oil is does not easily flow in the formation, wellbore and oil pipeline. Furthermore, since the oil-water mobility ratio is big, it can easily cause many problems such as rapid water breakthrough, high water content of produced fluid, and easy formation sand production. The process for heavy oil recovery can be mainly divided into recovery of liquid flooding (e.g., hot water flooding, steam huff and puff, steam flood and so on) and recovery of yield enhancement (e.g., horizontal well, compositing branched well, electric heating and etc). A Chemical viscosity reducer can disperse and emulsify the heavy oil effectively, reduces the viscosity of the heavy oil remarkably and decreases the flow resistance on heavy oil in the formation and wellbore, which is significantly important for reducing energy consumption in the process of recovery, decreasing discharging pollution and enhancing heavy oil recovery. 
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    In the following context of this invention, unless otherwise defined, the same variable group, and molecular and structural formula have the same definitions. 
         [0006]    The instant invention relates to an amphiphilic macromolecule, this amphiphilic macromolecule has repeating units as described below: a structural unit A for adjusting molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics, a highly sterically hindered structural unit B and an amphiphilic structural unit C. 
         [0007]    In an embodiment, the structural unit A for adjusting molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics comprises (meth)acrylamide monomer unit A 1  and/or (meth)acrylic monomer unit A 2 . Preferably, the structural unit A includes (meth)acrylamide monomer unit A 1  and/or (meth)acrylic monomer unit A 2  simultaneously. In the art, the molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule may be selected as needed, preferably, this molecular weight may be selected between 1000000-20000000. 
         [0008]    Preferably, the (meth)acrylamide monomer unit A 1  has a structure of formula (1): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0009]    In formula (1), R 1  is H or a methyl group; R 2  and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of H and a C 1 -C 3  alkyl group; R 2  and R 3  are preferably H. 
         [0010]    Preferably, the (meth)acrylic monomer unit A 2  is (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrylate. Preferably the (meth)acrylate is sodium methacrylate. 
         [0011]    Preferably, based on 100 mol % of the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units, the molar percentage of (meth)acrylamide monomer unit A 1  is 70-99 mol %; preferably 70-90 mol %, more preferably 73-78 mol %. 
         [0012]    Preferably, the molar percentage of (meth)acrylic acid monomer unit A 2  in the whole amphiphilic polymer repeat unit is 1-30 mol %; preferably 1-25 mol %, and more preferably 20-25 mol %. 
         [0013]    In another embodiment, the structural unit A for the regulation of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics has a structure of formula (2): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0014]    wherein, R 1  is H or a methyl group; R 2  and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of H and a C 1 -C 3  alkyl group; R 2  and R 3  are preferably H; R 4  is selected from H or a methyl group; Gr is —OH or —O − Na + ; m and n represent the molar percentages of the structural units in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating unit, and m is 70-99 mol %, preferably 70-90 mol %, more preferably 73-78 mol %; n is 1-30 mol %, preferably 1-25 mol %, more preferably 20-25 mol %. 
         [0015]    In another embodiment, in formula (2), R 1 -R 3  are preferably H, and Gr is preferably —O − Na + . 
         [0016]    In another embodiment, the highly sterically hindered structural unit B contains at least a structure G, wherein the structure G is a cyclic hydrocarbon structure formed on the basis of two adjacent carbon atoms in the main chain, or is selected from a structure of formula (3), and the highly sterically hindered structural unit B optionally contains a structure of formula (4): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0017]    In formula (3), R 5  is H or a methyl group; preferably H; R 6  is a radical selected from the group consisting of the structures of formulas (5) and (6). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0018]    In formula (5), a is an integer from 1 to 11; preferably 1-7; 
         [0019]    In formula (4), R 7  is H or a methyl group; R 8  is selected from the group consisting of —NHPhOH, —OCH 2 Ph, —OPhOH, —OPhCOOH and salts thereof, —NHC(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 SO 3 H and salts thereof, —OC(CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) b CH 3 , —NHC(CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) c CH 3 , —OC(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 C(CH3) 2 (CH 2 ) d CH 3 , —NHC(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) e CH 3 , —O(CH 2 ) f N + (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 PhX − , 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0020]    wherein b and c are respectively integers from 0 to 21, preferably from 1 to 11; d and e are respectively integers from 0 to 17, preferably from 1 to 7; f is an integer from 2 to 8, preferably from 2 to 4; and X −  is Cl −  or Br − . 
         [0021]    Preferably, the highly sterically hindered structural unit B comprises a structure G and a structure of formula (4). 
         [0022]    In another embodiment, the cyclic hydrocarbon structure formed on the basis of two adjacent carbon atoms in the main chain is selected from the group consisting of: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0023]    Preferably, the molar percentage of structure G of the highly sterically hindered structural unit B in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units is 0.02-2 mol %; preferably 0.02-1.0 mol %, more preferably 0.05-0.5 mol %. 
         [0024]    Preferably, the molar percentage of the structure of formula (4) of the highly sterically hindered structural unit B in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units is 0.05-5 mol %; preferably 0.1-2.5 mol %, more preferably 0.1-0.5 mol %. 
         [0025]    In another embodiment, the highly sterically hindered structural unit B has a structure of formula (7): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0026]    In formula (7), the definition on G is as described above, preferably the structure of formula (3), 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    the definitions on R 7  and R 8  are as described in formula (4); x and y represent the molar percentages of the structures in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units, and x is 0.02-2 mol %, preferably 0.02-1.0 mol %, more preferably 0.05-0.5 mol %; y is 0.05-5 mol %, preferably 0.1-2.5 mol %, and more preferably 0.1-0.5 mol %. 
         [0027]    In another embodiment, the amphiphilic structural unit C has a structure of formula (8): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0028]    In formula (8), R 9  is H or a methyl group; R 10  is —O— or —NH—; R 11  is a radical containing a straight-chain hydrocarbyl, a branched hydrocarbyl, a polyoxyethylene (PEO) group, a polyoxypropylene (PPO) group, an EO and PO block, a mono-quaternary ammonium salt, a multiple-quaternary ammonium salt or a sulfonic acid and salts thereof. 
         [0029]    Preferably, the molar percentage of the amphiphilic structural unit C in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units is 0.05-10 mol %; preferably 0.1-5.0 mol %, and more preferably 0.5-1.75 mol %. 
         [0030]    In another embodiment, the structure consisted of R 10  and R 11  can be selected from —O(CH 2 ) g N + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) h CH 3 X − , —NH(CH 2 ) j N + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) j CH 3 X − , —O(CH 2 ) k N + ((CH 2 ) f CH 3 ) p X − , —O(CH 2 ) q N + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) α CH(SO 3 H)CH 2 (EO) β (PO) γ (CH 2 ) δ CH 3 X − , —NH(CH 2 ) q N + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) α CH(SO 3 H)CH 2 (EO) β (PO) γ (CH 2 ) δ CH 3 X − , —O(CH 2 ) q N + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) α CH(COOH)CH 2 (EO) β (PO) γ (CH 2 ) δ CH 3 X − , —NH(CH 2 ) q N + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) α CH(COOH)CH 2 (EO) β (PO) γ (CH 2 ) δ CH 3 X − , —O(CH 2 ) 2 N + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) ε SO 3   − , —(OCH(CH 2 N + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) ζ CH 3 Cl − )CH 2 ) η O(CH 2 ) θ CH 3 , —(OCH(CH 2 N + ((CH 2 ) λ CH 3 ) 3 Cl − )CH 2 ) ι O(CH 2 ) κ CH 3 , —OCH(CH 2 N + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) r CH 3 X − )) 2 , —OCH(CH 2 N + ((CH 2 ) s CH 3 ) 3 X − )) 2 ; 
         [0031]    wherein, g, i, k and q are respectively integers of 1-6, preferably 2-4; h and j are respectively integers of 3-21, preferably 3-17; p is an integer of 3-9, preferably 3-5; α is an integer of 1-12, preferably 1-8; β and γ are respectively integers of 0-40, β is preferably 0-25, γ is preferably 0-15; δ is an integer of 0-21, preferably 0-17; ε is an integer of 4-18, preferably 4-12; ζ is an integer of 1-21, preferably 1-15; η and ι are respectively integers of 1-30, preferably 1-20; θ and κ are respectively integers of 3-21, preferably 3-17; λ is an integer of 0-9, preferably 0-5; r is an integer of 3-21, preferably 3-17; s is an integer of 3-9, preferably 3-5; and X − is Cl − or Br − . 
         [0032]    In another embodiment, the amphiphilic macromolecule has a structure of formula (9): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0033]    In formula (9), the definitions on R 4 , m and n are as described in formula (2); the definitions on R 7 , R 8 , G, x and y are as described in formula (7); the definitions on R 9 , R 10  and R 11  are as described in formula (8); z represents the molar percentage of this structural unit in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeat unit, and z is 0.05-10 mol %, preferably 0.1-5.0 mol %, more preferably 0.5-1.75 mol %. 
         [0034]    Specifically, this present invention provides a high molecular compound having a structure of formulas (I)-(X): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0035]    The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule described above is between 1000000 and 20000000; preferably between 3000000 and 13000000. 
         [0036]    The measurement of the molecular weight M is as follows: The intrinsic viscosity [η] is measured by Ubbelohde viscometer as known in the art, then the obtained intrinsic viscosity [η] value is used in the following equation to obtain the desired molecular weight M: 
         [0000]      M=802[η] 1.25  
 
         [0037]    The amphiphilic macromolecule according to this present invention can be prepared by known methods in the art, for example, by polymerizing the structural unit for adjusting molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics, the highly sterically hindered structural unit and the amphiphilic structural unit in the presence of an initiator. The polymerization process can be any type well known in the art, such as, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, precipitation polymerization, etc. 
         [0038]    A typical preparation method is as follows: the above monomers are each dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous system under stifling, the monomer mixture is polymerized by the aid of an initiator under nitrogen atmosphere to form the amphiphilic macromolecule. The so far existing relevant technologies for preparing an amphiphilic macromolecule can all be used to prepare the amphiphilic macromolecule of this invention. 
         [0039]    All the monomers for preparing the amphiphilic macromolecule can be commercially available, or can be prepared on the basis of prior art technology directly, and some monomers&#39; synthesis are described in details in specific examples. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 
         [0040]      FIG. 1  depicts the relationship of viscosity vs. concentration of the amphiphilic macromolecules obtained from examples 1-5 of the invention in saline having a degree of mineralization of 3×10 4  mg/L at a temperature of 85° C. 
           [0041]      FIG. 2  depicts the relationship of viscosity vs. temperature of the amphiphilic macromolecules obtained from the examples 1-5 of the invention in saline having a degree of mineralization of 3×10 4  mg/L at the concentration of 1750 mg/L. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0042]    The present invention is further illustrated below by combining specific examples; however, this invention is not limited to the following examples. 
       Example 1 
       [0043]    This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (1): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0044]    The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows: 
         [0045]    Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 78%, 20%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.25% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 9, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 25° C.; after 4 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 1280×10 4 . 
       Example 2 
       [0046]    This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (II). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0047]    The synthesis route of the monomer 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    was as follows: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0048]    The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows: 
         [0049]    Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 75%, 23%, 0.15%, 0.1%, 1.75% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 8, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 40 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 20° C.; after 5 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 1080×10 4 . 
       Example 3 
       [0050]    This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (III): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0051]    The synthesis route of the monomer 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    was as follows: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0052]    The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows: 
         [0053]    Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 75%, 24%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.5% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 9, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 25° C.; after 6 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 590×10 4 . 
       Example 4 
       [0054]    This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (IV): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0055]    The synthesis route of the monomer 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    was as follows: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0056]    The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows: 
         [0057]    Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 75%, 23%, 0.05%, 0.25%, 1.7% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 9, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 18° C.; after 6 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 470×10 4 . 
       Example 5 
       [0058]    This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (V): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0059]    The synthesis route of the monomer 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    was as follows: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0060]    The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows: 
         [0061]    Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 78%, 20%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 1.65% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 10, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 25° C.; after 6 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 530×10 4 . 
       Example 6 
       [0062]    This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (VI): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0063]    The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows: 
         [0064]    Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 73%, 25%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 1% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 8, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 45° C.; after 3 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 640×10 4 . 
       Example 7 
       [0065]    This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (VII): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0066]    The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows: 
         [0067]    Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 77%, 22%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.5% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 9, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 55° C.; after 2 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 820×10 4 . 
       Example 8 
       [0068]    This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (VIII): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0069]    The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows: 
         [0070]    Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 73%, 25%, 0.25%, 0.15%, 0.6% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 10, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 55° C.; after 3 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 360×10 4 . 
       Example 9 
       [0071]    This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (IX): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0072]    The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows: 
         [0073]    Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 75%, 23%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 1.25% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 8, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 50° C.; after 2.5 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 1260×10 4 . 
       Example 10 
       [0074]    This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (X): 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0075]    The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows: 
         [0076]    Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 75%, 24%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 0.5% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 8, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 50° C.; after 4 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 810×10 4 . 
       Measurement Examples 
     Measurement Example 1 
       [0077]    Saline having a mineralization degree of 3×10 4  mg/L was used to prepare amphiphilic macromolecule solutions with different concentrations, and the relationship between the concentration, temperature and the viscosity of the solution was determined. The results were shown in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 . 
         [0078]    The figures showed that the amphiphilic macromolecule solutions of examples 1-5 still have favorable viscosifying capacity under the condition of high temperature and high degree of mineralization. The highly sterically hindered unit in the amphiphilic macromolecule reduced the rotational degree of freedom in the main chain and increased the rigidity of the macromolecule chain, which made the macromolecule chain difficult to curl and tend to stretch out, thus enlarging the hydrodynamic radius of the macromolecule; in the meantime, the amphiphilic structural unit associated each other to form the microdomain by intramolecular- or intermolecular-interaction, thus enhancing the viscosifying capacity of the solution remarkably under the conditions of high temperature and high salinity. 
       Measurement Example 2 
       [0079]    Testing method: Under a testing temperature of 25° C., 25 ml electric dehydration crude oil samples from three types of oilfields were added in a 50 ml test tube with a plug, then 25 ml aqueous solutions of amphiphilic macromolecule with different concentrations formulated with distilled water were added in. The plug of the test tube was tightened, then the test tube was shaken manually or by using an oscillating box for 80-100 times in horizontal direction, and the shaking amplitude should be greater than 20 cm. After sufficient mixing, the plug of the test tube was loosed. Viscosity reduction rate for crude oil was calculated according to the following equation: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               Viscosity 
                
               
                   
               
                
               reduction 
                
               
                   
               
                
               
                 rate 
                  
                 
                   ( 
                   % 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
             = 
             
               
                 
                   
                     viscosity 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     of 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     crude 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     oil 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     sample 
                   
                   - 
                   
                     viscosity 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     after 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     mixing 
                   
                 
                 
                   viscosity 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   of 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   crude 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   oil 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   sample 
                 
               
               × 
               100 
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Experimental results of the heavy oil viscosity reduction of the amphiphilic macromolecule 
               
               
                 obtained from the example 6 to example 10 (oil-water ratio 1:1, 25 ) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Oil/water volume ratio (1:1) 
               
               
                   
                 test temperature (25° C.) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 oil 
                 viscosity 
                 oil 
                 viscosity 
                 oil 
                 viscosity 
               
               
                   
                 sample 
                 reduction 
                 sample 
                 reduction 
                 sample 
                 reduction 
               
               
                   
                 1 
                 rate (%) 
                 2 
                 rate (%) 
                 3 
                 rate (%) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 initial viscosity (mPa · s) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 1500 
                 — 
                 4900 
                 — 
                 21000 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Example 
                 400 
                 mg/L 
                 625 
                 58.33 
                 1450 
                 70.41 
                 5200 
                 75.24 
               
               
                 6 
                 600 
                 mg/L 
                 410 
                 72.67 
                 1075 
                 78.06 
                 2850 
                 86.43 
               
               
                   
                 800 
                 mg/L 
                 300 
                 80.00 
                 875 
                 82.14 
                 1550 
                 92.62 
               
               
                   
                 1000 
                 mg/L 
                 275 
                 81.67 
                 650 
                 86.73 
                 1050 
                 95.00 
               
               
                   
                 1200 
                 mg/L 
                 250 
                 83.33 
                 575 
                 88.27 
                 925 
                 95.60 
               
               
                 Example 
                 400 
                 mg/L 
                 690 
                 54.00 
                 1550 
                 68.37 
                 5500 
                 73.81 
               
               
                 7 
                 600 
                 mg/L 
                 475 
                 68.33 
                 1125 
                 77.04 
                 2700 
                 87.14 
               
               
                   
                 800 
                 mg/L 
                 350 
                 76.67 
                 975 
                 80.10 
                 1650 
                 92.14 
               
               
                   
                 1000 
                 mg/L 
                 295 
                 80.33 
                 680 
                 86.12 
                 1100 
                 94.76 
               
               
                   
                 1200 
                 mg/L 
                 280 
                 81.33 
                 590 
                 87.96 
                 990 
                 95.29 
               
               
                 Example 
                 400 
                 mg/L 
                 605 
                 59.67 
                 1275 
                 73.98 
                 4550 
                 78.33 
               
               
                 8 
                 600 
                 mg/L 
                 380 
                 74.67 
                 900 
                 81.63 
                 2350 
                 88.81 
               
               
                   
                 800 
                 mg/L 
                 275 
                 81.67 
                 650 
                 86.73 
                 1425 
                 93.21 
               
               
                   
                 1000 
                 mg/L 
                 250 
                 83.33 
                 550 
                 88.78 
                 975 
                 95.36 
               
               
                   
                 1200 
                 mg/L 
                 230 
                 84.67 
                 500 
                 89.80 
                 890 
                 95.76 
               
               
                 Example 
                 400 
                 mg/L 
                 595 
                 60.33 
                 1250 
                 74.49 
                 4950 
                 76.43 
               
               
                 9 
                 600 
                 mg/L 
                 365 
                 75.67 
                 880 
                 82.04 
                 2750 
                 86.90 
               
               
                   
                 800 
                 mg/L 
                 250 
                 83.33 
                 675 
                 86.22 
                 1500 
                 92.86 
               
               
                   
                 1000 
                 mg/L 
                 225 
                 85.00 
                 575 
                 88.27 
                 1225 
                 94.17 
               
               
                   
                 1200 
                 mg/L 
                 210 
                 86.00 
                 510 
                 89.59 
                 1100 
                 94.76 
               
               
                 Example 
                 400 
                 mg/L 
                 675 
                 55.00 
                 1325 
                 72.96 
                 4850 
                 76.90 
               
               
                 10 
                 600 
                 mg/L 
                 450 
                 70.00 
                 950 
                 80.61 
                 2375 
                 88.69 
               
               
                   
                 800 
                 mg/L 
                 340 
                 77.33 
                 705 
                 85.61 
                 1525 
                 92.74 
               
               
                   
                 1000 
                 mg/L 
                 295 
                 80.33 
                 585 
                 88.06 
                 1050 
                 95.00 
               
               
                   
                 1200 
                 mg/L 
                 270 
                 82.00 
                 525 
                 89.29 
                 875 
                 95.83 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0080]    Table 1 showed that the amphiphilic macromolecules of examples 6-10 had good effects for viscosity reduction as to all three oil samples. With the increase of the concentration of the amphiphilic macromolecule solution, the viscosity reduction rate increased. And, when the concentration of the amphiphilic macromolecule solution was the same, the viscosity reduction rate increased with the enhancing of the viscosity of the oil sample. It was believed that the amphiphilic macromolecule could reduce the viscosity of the crude oil remarkably via a synergetic effect between the highly sterically hindered structural unit and the amphiphilic structural unit, which could emulsify and disperse the crude oil effectively. 
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION 
       [0081]    The amphiphilic macromolecule of this invention can be used in oilfield drilling, well cementing, fracturing, crude oil gathering and transporting, sewage treating, sludge treating and papermaking, and it can be used as intensified oil producing agent and oil displacing agent, heavy oil viscosity reducer, fracturing fluid, clay stabilizer, sewage treating agent, retention aid and drainage aid and strengthening agent for papermaking. 
         [0082]    The amphiphilic macromolecule of this invention is especially suitable for crude oil exploitation, for instance, it can be used as an intensified oil displacement polymer and a viscosity reducer for heavy oil. When it is used as an oil displacement agent, it has remarkable viscosifying effect even under the condition of high temperature and high salinity, and can thus enhance the crude oil recovery. When it is used as a viscosity reducer for heavy oil, it can remarkably reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil and decrease the flow resistance thereof in the formation and wellbore by emulsifying and dispersing the heavy oil effectively.