Abstract:
A remote control system for vertically racking circuit breakers into and out of electrical switchgear cells includes a lever mechanism for coupling the drive shaft of a portable drive motor to the driven shaft of a circuit-breaker racking mechanism and a latching solenoid for locking the coupled shafts together. A power-transfer panel is provided in the cell and is connected for transferring control of the drive motor, the latching solenoid and the circuit breaker to a remote control and status indicating device that is located externally of the cell cabinet. An inclinometer is mounted on the circuit breaker for producing an alarm signal and interrupting operation of the circuit-breaker elevating mechanism upon detecting an excessive amount of tilting in the normally level attitude of the circuit breaker.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates in general to electrical switchgear servicing equipment and more particularly to a remotely operated system for circuit breaker operation and for racking circuit breakers into and out of engagement with the primary and secondary disconnect terminals within the electric switchgear. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     It is well known in the power distribution industry that personnel who work on or near energized electrical equipment can be seriously injured or killed as a result of arcing faults. An arcing fault is the flow of current through the air between phase conductors and neutral or ground and can result in a tremendous release of energy in the form of extremely high temperatures and pressures along with shrapnel hurling through the air at high velocity. For this reason, when repair work or periodic maintenance needs to be accomplished on medium-voltage switchgear cells and/or on the associated circuit breakers, the circuit breakers are tripped (opened) and moved out of conductive contact with the primary and secondary disconnects and removed from the switchgear cell. Such operations of the circuit breakers is referred to in the industry as “racking-out”, and reinstallation is referred to as “racking-in”. In some medium-voltage switchgear equipment, racking the circuit breaker out is accomplished by horizontally moving the circuit breaker within the switchgear cabinet which disconnects the circuit breaker from the switchgear power terminals enabling its removal from the cabinet. In another type of switchgear configuration, racking-out is accomplished by vertically lowering the circuit breaker to disengage it from the switchgear power terminals and subsequently moving it horizontally out of the cabinet. The racking-in of this type of equipment is accomplished by horizontally moving the circuit breaker back into the cabinet and elevating it into conductive contact the switchgear power terminals. The present invention is intended for use with the latter type of switchgear equipment, thus this discussion of the prior art will be directed to that type of equipment. 
     In the absence of any specialized racking equipment, a racking-out operation in this type of a switchgear cell is accomplished by opening the cell-cabinet door to gain access to a circuit-breaker control switch and a racking-motor platform provided in the cell cabinet. The circuit-breaker control switch is used to trip (open) the circuit breaker, and a portable electric motor is mounted on the racking-motor platform. The drive member of the electric motor engages a slide-clutch driven member of the circuit-breaker elevating mechanism to form a coupling and a slide-clutch lever is manually operated to lock the coupled members together. A toggle switch that is located adjacent the racking motor, is then used to run it in a direction which causes the circuit-breaker elevating mechanism to lower the circuit breaker, and when lowered, it can be wheeled out of the cell cabinet. When the maintenance work is finished, the circuit breaker is wheeled back into the cell cabinet and the toggle switch is used to run the motor in the reverse direction to operate the circuit-breaker elevating mechanism to raise the circuit breaker back into conductive contact with the switchgear power terminals. The portable motor is then removed and a circuit-breaker control switch provided on in the cell cabinet door is used to close the circuit breaker. It will be appreciated from the above, that the cell-cabinet door must be open and a worker must be in very close proximity to the equipment to accomplish opening and closing of the circuit breaker and the racking-out and racking-in operations. Thus, the worker is well within the arc-flash danger zone and could be seriously injured or killed in the event of an arc fault. Therefore, it is preferred that some sort of remotely operated mechanism be used to accomplish the circuit-breaker control and racking operations. 
     Remote racking systems provided by manufactures such as General Electric, Westinghouse, Square D and Siemens are available and some of these systems will only work on the horizontally racked circuit breakers of the switchgear cells discussed above. The prior art remote racking systems that are capable of vertically racking the second type of switchgear cells do provide some worker safety benefits. Workers can perform the racking-in and racking-out operations from a safe distance, however, they must still reach into the cell cabinet to trip and reset the circuit breaker and the cell cabinet doors must be open during the racking operations. A remote racking system which was recently introduced by General electric does allow the cell cabinet door to be closed during the racking operations. However, the worker must still stand in front of the open cell cabinet door to accomplish the tripping, charging and closing functions of the circuit breaker. 
     In addition, the circuit breakers in the vertically racked type of switchgear cells must remain level during vertical movement. If excessive deviation in the normally level attitude of the circuit breaker should happen because of elevating equipment malfunction, considerable damage due to misalignment of the switchgear and circuit-breaker terminals can result and can cause an arc fault. It is very difficult, if not impossible, for a worker standing off to the side of the cell at a distance of twenty five or thirty feet to detect tilting of a circuit breaker in time to prevent equipment damage and a resulting arc fault. The prior art remote racking systems make no provisions for monitoring the inclination of circuit breakers during racking operations and interrupting racking motor operation upon detection of an irregular tilt angle. Therefore a need exists for a new and improved remote circuit breaker control and racking system for use on switchgear cells of the type requiring vertical movement for racking-out and racking-in of the circuit breakers. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the present invention, switchgear cells are modified to include an inclinometer for monitoring the attitude of the circuit breaker, and a solenoid operated latching device interacts with a keyed slide-clutch lever for releaseably interconnecting a portable drive motor and the circuit-breaker racking mechanism. A power transfer panel is mounted inside the cell cabinet for transferring control of the circuit breaker and racking operations to a location external of the cell cabinet. A remote control and status-indicating device is demountably coupled through the cell cabinet to the power transfer panel to allow a worker to accomplish the circuit breaker control and racking operations from a remote location and be advised of the status of the operations taking place within the closed cabinet. 
     The inclinometer is mounted in any convenient location on the circuit breaker and is a dual-axis monitoring device which automatically measures and sets a “relative zero” reference and will sense angular deviations in the fore-and-aft and lateral attitudes. Upon sensing an excessive angular deviation, which is indicative of a malfunction in the circuit breaker elevating mechanism, the inclinometer will display axis trip angles and provide local and remote visual alarm signals and will automatically interrupt operation of the circuit-breaker elevating mechanism drive motor. 
     Due to the relatively infrequent need for performing racking operations on switchgear cells and the relatively high cost of racking drive motors, it is a common practice to use a portable motor which is installed in a cell on an as needed basis. When a drive motor is installed in a switchgear cell that is modified in accordance with the present invention, it is clamped in place and the worker operates a special lever mechanism to move a slide-clutch driven member of the elevating mechanism into engagement with the drive member of the motor. A latch key is mounted on the lever mechanism and is movable with the lever into engagement with a latching solenoid to hold the drive and driven members in locked engagement with each other. Upon completion of the racking operation, the worker actuates the latching solenoid from the remote location to disengage the drive and driven members. 
     As previously mentioned, the power transfer panel transfers control of each circuit breaker control function and the racking functions to the remote control and status-indicating device located externally of the switchgear cell. The power transfer panel is electrically connected to the circuit breaker trip and close circuits, a plug-in junction box which interfaces the existing control power and limit switches, the elevator drive motor, the solenoid operated latching mechanism and the inclinometer. A cable extends from the power transfer panel to a connector mounted in the door of the cell cabinet so that the remote control device can be coupled through the closed cell door during circuit breaker control and racking operations. The remote control device is attachable to the door mounted connector by an elongated cable which allows it to be moved to a safe location away from the cell. The remote control and status-indicating device is configured to allow the worker to remotely control each electrically operated circuit breaker function and all the racking operations and provide the worker with visual indications of the status of all of the operations. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a switchgear cell configured in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along the line  2 — 2  of FIG. 1 
     FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line  3 — 3  of FIG.  2 . 
     FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line  4 — 4  of FIG.  3 . 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring more particularly to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a switchgear cell which is indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral  10 . To insure a clear understanding of the present invention, a brief description of the switchgear cell  10  and some of its functions will now be presented. 
     The switchgear cell  10  has the usual cabinet  12  with a door  14  that provides access to the interior of the cabinet. The equipment in the cabinet includes the switchgear  16  and a movable circuit breaker  18 . Due to the inherent danger associated with medium-voltage equipment whenever repair work or periodic maintenance needs to be performed on the equipment, the circuit breaker  18  is tripped (opened) and moved to separate the movable primary terminals  20  carried by the circuit breaker  18  from the stationary terminals (not shown) of the switchgear  16 . The switchgear cell  10  is of the type in which the circuit breaker  18  is vertically moved to disconnect and subsequently reconnect the terminals and this is referred to in the industry as “racking-out” and “racking-in”. The functions of the circuit breaker include “resetting” (closing) to allow the flow of current through the breaker, “tripping” (opening) to prevent current flow and “charging” which is required for closing of the breaker. In circuit breakers of the stored energy type, charging is accomplished by loading of the springs provided on the circuit breaker, and charging is accomplished in another type of circuit breaker by operation of a solenoid. 
     The switchgear cell  10  is shown as having been modified in accordance with the present invention to include a power transfer panel  22  that is attached by means of a mounting bracket  24  to the switchgear  16 . The power transfer panel  22  contains suitable relays, circuitry and other electronic devices (not shown) for. transferring management of the electrically operated circuit breaker functions and the racking operations to a location external of the cell cabinet  12 . A cable  26  extends from the power transfer panel  22  to a connector  28  that is mounted so as to extend through the cabinet door  14 . A remote-control and status-indicating device  30  has an elongated cable  32  with a suitable connector plug  34  on its distal end for demountable connection to the door mounted connector  28 . A plurality of function-control switches  36  and status-indicating lights  38  are provided on the remote-control device  30  to allow a worker to control the circuit breaker functions and the racking functions from a safe distance with the cell door securely closed and to be advised of the status of the functions. 
     The control power and limit switches (not shown), that are normally provided in switchgear cells for controlling the racking operations, are electrically connected to a switchgear control receptacle (not shown), and a junction box  40  is plugged into the switchgear receptacle. A cable assembly  42  is connected between the junction box  40  and the power transfer panel  22  to transfer operation of the power control and limit switches (not shown) through the power transfer panel  22  to the remote-control device  30 . Among the functions transferred through the power transfer panel  22  i s control of a drive motor  44  which, as will hereinafter be described in detail, is portable and is intended to be mounted in the cell cabinet  12  whenever a racking operation is to be performed. The motor  44  is electrically connected to a terminal box  46  that is mounted on the motor, and a cable assembly  48  extends from the terminal box  46  for demountable connection to the junction box  40 . Thus, the portable motor  44  is electrically coupled to the power transfer panel  22 , which in turn is coupled to the remote control device  30  is as previously described, so that control of the motor&#39;s operation is accomplished at the remotely located device  30 . 
     Reference is now made to FIGS. 2,  3 , and  4  wherein mounting and operational functions of the drive motor  44  are shown. As is customary, a motor mounting platform  50  is provided in the cabinet  12  and a pair of spaced apart clearance holes  52  and  54  are formed therein and a latch  56  is mounted at the back end of the platform  50 . The drive motor  44  is carried on a mounting base  58  which has a pair of pegs  60  and  62  depending therefrom so as to fit into the clearance holes  52  and  54  respectively when the motor is placed on the platform  50 . The pegs  60  and  62  and the holes  52  and  54  are arranged so that the motor  44  will be in axial alignment with the drive shaft  64  of the circuit breaker elevating mechanism (not shown). A tongue  66  extends from the back end of the motor mounting base  58  and the latch  56  is used to secure the base  58  and thus the motor  44  on the platform  50 . A bracket  68  is mounted on the motor and a terminal box  70  is mounted therein for electrically connecting the cable  48  to the motor  44 . A standard  72  is provided at the front end of the mounting base  58  and is configured to circumscribe the drive end of the motor  44  with the drive shaft  74  thereof extending through the standard. A solenoid mounting plate  76  is attached to the upper end of the standard  72  and as will hereinafter be described, a latching solenoid assembly  78  is carried atop the solenoid mounting plate  76 . 
     An especially configured manually operated lever mechanism  80  replaces the usual lever (not shown) and is mounted in the customary position at the front end of the motor mounting base  58  by a pivot pin  82  for movement between a clutch engaged position shown in solid lines and a clutch disengaged position indicated in phantom lines. The distal end of the motor drive shaft  74  is configured to provide a drive member tongue  84  of a clutch  86 . The slide clutch driven member  88  of the clutch  86  is of cylindrical configuration with a slot  90  formed therein for receiving the clutch drive member tongue  84 . The driven member  88  has an axial bore  92  which is of square cross-section so that the member is slidably movable on the similarly configured square-cross-section drive shaft  64  of the circuit breaker elevating mechanism. As seen best in FIG. 3, the pivotably movable lever mechanism  80  has a pair of pegs  94  and  96  which extend inwardly toward each other and are disposed on diametrically opposed sides of an annular groove  98  formed in the driven slide clutch member  88 . Therefore, when the lever mechanism  80  is pivotably moved to the illustrated solid line position, the driven clutch member  88  will be axially moved on the drive shaft  64  into engagement with the clutch drive member tongue  84 . The lever  80  has a spring  100  and a depending bar  102  attached thereto which are parts of the usual safety interlocking mechanisms of the switchgear. 
     A latch key  104  is mounted on suitable pins  106  carried by the lever  80  so it is movable with the lever toward and away from the latching solenoid assembly  78  carried atop the motor  44 . The latch key  104  is pivotably movable on the mounting pins  106  and an adjustment screw  108  is provided to set the position of the latch key so that it aligns with an opening  110  provided in the solenoid housing  112 . When the latch key  104  is moved toward the solenoid  78  (see also FIG.  2 ), it will move through the solenoid opening  110  into engagement with a first notch  114  formed in a ratchet wheel  116  that is mounted for rotation with an axle  118  that is journaled in suitable bearing bosses  120  provided in the housing  112 . The latch key  104  will rotate the ratchet wheel  116  from an unlatched position shown in dashed lines in FIG. 4, to a latched position shown in solid lines in the same figure. A spring  122  (FIG.  3 ), having one end attached to one of the bearing bosses  120  and the other end secured to the axle  118 , biases the ratchet wheel  116  to its unlatched position. Rotation of the ratchet wheel  116  against the bias applied by the spring  122  will move a locking shoulder  124  formed on the wheel into an opening  126  formed in the latch key  104  and into bearing engagement with a cross bar  128  provided at the leading edge of the latch key. A pawl  130  carried for rotation on an axle  132  will move into engagement within a second notch  134  formed in the ratchet wheel  116  and will hold it in the latched position. 
     The axle  132  is journaled in suitable bearing bosses provided in the solenoid housing  112  with one end of the axle having a lever  136  mounted thereon. As illustrated in FIG. 4, a clevis  138  is connected to the lever  136  and the clevis is carried on the distal end of a solenoid shaft  140 . A spring  142  applies a biasing force on the clevis  138  so that the lever  136  is moved to rotate the pawl  130  into a disengaged position when the solenoid  144  is in a deactuated state. When the solenoid is actuated, the pawl  130  is rotated into bearing engagement with a cam surface  146  on the ratchet wheel so that the pawl will snap into engagement with the second notch  134  of the wheel  116  when the latch key  104  rotates the ratchet wheel to its latched position. A second lever  148  is fixed for rotation with the axle  132  for moving into and out of engagement with an actuating device  150  of a switch  152 . The switch  152  is wired th rough the junction box  40  and the power transfer panel  22  to the remote control  30  to provide a visual indication when the drive motor  44  is in latched engagement with the drive shaft  64  of the circuit breaker elevating mechanism. 
     An electric receptacle  154  (FIG. 1) is mounted on the switchgear  16  and an electric lug  156  is mounted on the circuit breaker  18 . When the circuit breaker, which is shown in an intermediate position, is raised to the racked-in position, the plug  156  will engage the receptacle  154  to supply power to the circuit breaker  18  for controlling the charging, closing and tripping functions necessary for circuit breaker operations. The power is supplied from the junction box  40  through the power transfer panel  22  to the control switches  36 , which are labeled as the “trip” (or open), “reset” (or closed), “raise” and “lower” on the remote control device  30 . Also, two of the status lights  38  are wired to provide visual indications of the clutch locked and fault status of the remote racking system. Thus, when the circuit breaker  18  is in the elevated position, the remote control device  30  is used to “trip” the circuit breaker to start a racking-out operation and to unlock the clutch allowing the removal of the circuit breaker from the cell cabinet. In a racking-in operation, the remote control device  30  is used to unlock the clutch allowing the circuit breaker to “charge” to complete the racking in operation and make the breaker ready for a “reset” command from the device  30 . 
     An inclinometer  158 , which is preferably digital, can be mounted in any suitable location on the circuit breaker  18 , and is electrically coupled to the power transfer panel  22  by a cable assembly  160 . The inclinometer  158  is a dual-axis monitoring device configured to sense changes in the normally level attitude of the circuit breaker  18  in fore and aft and lateral directions. Upon sensing angular deviations above an adjustably preset threshold, which is indicative of a malfunction in the circuit breaker elevating mechanism, the inclinometer is preferably configured to produce a local display of axis-fault angle and operational status and send an electric signal to the remote control device  30  to provide a visual signal by illuminating one of the status indicating lights  38 . The inclinometer  158  is electrically coupled into the control circuit of the latching solenoid  78  to hold the drive and driven members of the clutch in locked engagement with each other and will automatically interrupt power to the drive motor of the elevating mechanism when a problem with the circuit breaker attitude is detected. An inclinometer suitable for this purpose is identified by the Trademark LimiTilt, Model No. SR-M-75T-2 and is available from Remote Solutions, LLC, of Tucson, Ariz. 
     While the principles of the invention have now been made clear in an illustrated embodiment, many modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art which do not depart from those principles. The appended claims are therefore intended to cover such modifications within the limits only of the true spirit and scope of the invention.