Abstract:
Improved 14 nm cells, as depicted in FIGS.  1 - 53 , realize reduced pattern complexity, high yield, high performance, and improved compactness (one poly-stripe smaller than existing designs for the disclosed cells). The invention relates to ICs made using these cells (or topologically equivalent variants thereof), as well as processes for makings such ICs using said cells (or their variants).

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/289,321, filed May 28, 2014, which &#39;321 application is HEREBY INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE, and which &#39;321 application claims priority from U.S. Pat. Applic. Ser. No. 61/887,271, entitled “Template Based Design with LibAnalyzer,” filed Oct. 4, 2013, which &#39;271 application is also HEREBY INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to the field of integrated circuits, more specifically to integrated circuits that are designed/constructed to achieve high fabrication yield in deep submicron (e.g., 20 nm, 14 nm and below) processes, and also to such circuits rendered using standard cell techniques. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Standard cells are a well-established technology for constructing integrated circuits (ICs), especially ICs that contain significant random logic sections, such as system-on-a-chip (SoC) ICs. See S. Saika, “Standard cell library and semiconductor integrated circuit,” U.S. Pat. No. 8,302,057 B2 (incorporated by reference herein), J. J. Lee, et al., “Standard Cell Placement Technique For Double Patterning Technology,” U.S. Pat. Applic. No. 20130036397 A1 (also incorporated by reference herein), D. D. Sherlekar, “Power Routing in Standard Cell Designs,” U.S. Pat. Applic. No. 20120249182 A1 (also incorporated by reference herein), H. H. Nguyen, et al., “7-tracks standard cell library,” U.S. Pat. No. 6,938,226 (also incorporated by reference herein), P. Penzes, et al., “High-speed low-leakage-power standard cell library,” U.S. Pat. No. 8,079,008 (also incorporated by reference herein), H.-Y. Kim, et al., “Standard cell libraries and integrated circuit including standard cells,” U.S. Pat. No. 8,174,052 (also incorporated by reference herein), and O. M. K. Law, et al., “Standard cell architecture and methods with variable design rules,” U.S. Pat. No. 8,173,491 (also incorporated herein by reference) for examples of known standard-cell techniques. 
     As IC feature sizes continue to shrink, difficult-to-predict side effects of lithography and other fabrication processes have challenged the traditional standard cell model. At feature sizes of 28 nm, 22 nm and below, various restrictions—including new “design rules” and unpredictable interactions between features over longer relative distances—combine to create an environment in which traditional “scaling” of existing libraries to meet new design rules produces unacceptable manufacturing yields, unacceptable area efficiency, or both. 
     One approach to address these problems has been to impose additional “regularity” restrictions (i.e., restrictions beyond mere design rules) on the IC layouts. See, e.g., V. Kheterpal, V. Rovner, T. G. Hersan, D. Motiani, Y. Takegawa, A. J. Strojwas, and L. Pileggi. “Design methodology for IC manufacturability based on regular logic-bricks,” DAC &#39;05, pages 353-358; T. Jhaveri, V. Rovner, L. Liebmann, L. Pileggi, A. J. Strojwas, and J. D. Hibbeler, “Co-Optimization of Circuits, Layout and Lithography for Predictive Technology Scaling Beyond Gratings,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, 29(4):509-527, April 2010. Such restricted design approaches have been employed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 8,004,315 (“Process for making and designing an IC with pattern controlled layout regions”) to Jhaveri, U.S. Pat. Applic. No. 20080137051 (“Lithography and Associated Methods, Devices, and Systems”) to Maly, and U.S. Pat. Applic. No. 20100001321 (“Semiconductor Device Layout Having Restricted Layout Region Including Rectangular Shaped Gate Electrode Layout Features Defined Along At Least Four Gate Electrode Tracks with Corresponding Non-Symmetric Diffusion Regions”) to Becker et al. 
     While the restricted approach can be usefully employed and can be effective in addressing the yield impact of unpredictable interactions in deep submicron processes, there remain certain commercially important applications on which restricted approaches can fall short. A prime example involves standard cell libraries. Such libraries typically include a large number (e.g., hundreds) of cells, including many that implement small logic functions. Implementing such libraries directly (i.e., with support for every cell) using restricted approaches typically leads to poor area efficiency. On the other hand, because the users of such libraries (e.g., fabless chip makers) often have large infrastructure investments (e.g., CAD systems, large collections of macro blocks) that depend on the features of particular libraries, there remains a significant need for translation or adaption of existing standard cell libraries to deep submicron processes in a way that avoids and/or reduces the unpredictable effects that can substantially diminish the yield of otherwise design-rule-clean cell libraries. The present invention addresses this, as well as other, needs. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the standard cell designs depicted in  FIGS. 1-53 , to integrated circuits (“ICs”) made, in whole or in part, from said cells, and to electronic systems that include such ICs. As persons skilled in the art will appreciate, the exemplary flip-flop, latch, and mux designs depicted in  FIGS. 1-53  achieve a significant improvement (e.g., reduction of at least one poly stripe or Contacted Poly Pitch, CPP), as compared to competing designs. 
     Accordingly, generally speaking, and without intending to be limiting, one aspect of the invention relates to integrated circuits that contain at least a select number (e.g., four, five, six, seven, etc.) distinct cells selected from the set consisting of: a  FIG. 1A-B  cell; a  FIG. 2A-B  cell; a  FIG. 3A-B  cell; a  FIG. 4A-B  cell; a  FIG. 5A-B  cell; a  FIG. 6A-B  cell; a  FIG. 7A-B  cell; a  FIG. 8A-B  cell; a  FIG. 9A-B  cell; a  FIG. 10A-B  cell; a  FIG. 11A-B  cell; a  FIG. 12A-B  cell; a  FIG. 13  cell; a  FIG. 14  cell; a  FIG. 15  cell; a  FIG. 16  cell; a  FIG. 17  cell; a  FIG. 18  cell; a  FIG. 19  cell; a  FIG. 20  cell; a  FIG. 21  cell; a  FIG. 22  cell; a  FIG. 23  cell; a  FIG. 24  cell; a  FIG. 25  cell; a  FIG. 26  cell; a  FIG. 27  cell; a  FIG. 28  cell; a  FIG. 29  cell; a  FIG. 30  cell; a  FIG. 31  cell; a  FIG. 32  cell; a  FIG. 33  cell; a  FIG. 34  cell; a  FIG. 35  cell; a  FIG. 36  cell; a  FIG. 37  cell; a  FIG. 38  cell; a  FIG. 39  cell; a  FIG. 40  cell; a  FIG. 41  cell; a  FIG. 42  cell; a  FIG. 43  cell; a  FIG. 44  cell; a  FIG. 45  cell; a  FIG. 46  cell; a  FIG. 47  cell; a  FIG. 48  cell; a  FIG. 49  cell; a  FIG. 50  cell; a  FIG. 51A-B  cell; a  FIG. 52  cell; and, a  FIG. 53  cell. Another aspect of the invention relates to methods for making such ICs by, for example, instantiating and fabricating at least a select number of distinct cells selected from the aforesaid set. 
     Again, generally speaking, and without intending to be limiting, another aspect of the invention relates to product integrated circuits that contain at least a select number of distinct “means” (i.e., the corresponding cell or the §112 ¶6 “equivalents thereof”) selected from the set consisting of: a  FIG. 1A-B  means; a  FIG. 2A-B  means; a  FIG. 3A-B  means; a  FIG. 4A-B  means; a  FIG. 5A-B  means; a  FIG. 6A-B  means; a  FIG. 7A-B  means; a  FIG. 8A-B  means; a  FIG. 9A-B  means; a  FIG. 10A-B  means; a  FIG. 11A-B  means; a  FIG. 12A-B  means; a  FIG. 13  means; a  FIG. 14  means; a  FIG. 15  means; a  FIG. 16  means; a  FIG. 17  means; a  FIG. 18  means; a  FIG. 19  means; a  FIG. 20  means; a  FIG. 21  means; a  FIG. 22  means; a  FIG. 23  means; a  FIG. 24  means; a  FIG. 25  means; a  FIG. 26  means; a  FIG. 27  means; a  FIG. 28  means; a  FIG. 29  means; a  FIG. 30  means; a  FIG. 31  means; a  FIG. 32  means; a  FIG. 33  means; a  FIG. 34  means; a  FIG. 35  means; a  FIG. 36  means; a  FIG. 37  means; a  FIG. 38  means; a  FIG. 39  means; a  FIG. 40  means; a  FIG. 41  means; a  FIG. 42  means; a  FIG. 43  means; a  FIG. 44  means; a  FIG. 45  means; a  FIG. 46  means; a  FIG. 47  means; a  FIG. 48  means; a  FIG. 49  means; a  FIG. 50  means; a  FIG. 51A-B  means; a  FIG. 52  means; and, a  FIG. 53  means. 
     One specific aspect of this invention relates to an integrated circuit, comprising at least one scan-enabled d-flip-flop, fabricated using a commercially available 14 nm process that includes at least metal-1, metal-2 and poly layers, wherein the metal-1 and metal-2 layers of said d-flip-flop include: horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1; uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2; an h-shaped feature in metal-1; and plural c-shaped features in metal-1; and wherein the poly layer of said d-flip-flop consists of: twenty-six vertically-oriented poly stripes, each spaced at a minimum CPP, with the at least the two outermost poly stripes completely covered by a poly cut mask. In said poly layer of said d-flip-flop, the third-from-the-right, sixth-from-the-right, and eighth-from-the-right poly stripes may also be completely covered by the poly cut mask. In said metal-1 layer of said d-flip-flop, at least one of said c-shaped features may be right-facing and another of said c-shaped features may be left-facing. And said d-flip-flop may include a reset and/or an inverted output. 
     Another specific aspect of the invention relates to an integrated circuit, comprising at least one latch, fabricated using a commercially available 14 nm process that includes at least metal-1, metal-2 and poly layers, wherein the metal-1 and metal-2 layers of said latch include: horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1; uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2; an h-shaped feature in metal-1; and at least one c-shaped feature in metal-1; and wherein the poly layer of said latch consists of: ten vertically-oriented poly stripes, each spaced at a minimum CPP, with the at least the two outermost poly stripes completely covered by a poly cut mask. In said poly layer of said latch, the second-from-the-rightmost poly stripe may also be completely covered by the poly cut mask. In said metal-1 layer of said latch, at least one of said c-shaped features may be left-facing. Said latch may include an inverted output. 
     Another specific aspect of the invention relates to an integrated circuit, comprising at least one two-input tri-state multiplexor, fabricated using a commercially available 14 nm process that includes at least metal-1, metal-2 and poly layers, wherein the metal-1 and metal-2 layers of said multiplexor include: horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1; uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2; an h-shaped feature in metal-1; and at least one c-shaped feature in metal-1; and wherein the poly layer of said latch consists of: seven vertically-oriented poly stripes, each spaced at a minimum CPP, with the at least the two outermost poly stripes completely covered by a poly cut mask. 
     Further aspects of the invention relate to electronic systems (fixed or portable) that include at least a selected number (e.g., one, two, three, four) of the ICs of the type defined above, as well as other optional components, such as rechargeable power source(s). And still further aspects of the invention relate to methods for making such ICs by, for example, instantiating at least selected numbers of said above-referenced “cells” and/or “means.” 
     While the exemplary cells ( FIGS. 1A-53 ) have avoided the use of tapered devices to avoid the parametric variability problems and functional yield loss problems associated such devices, persons skilled in the art will immediately appreciate that equivalent, alternative versions of these cells may employ tapered devices, and that such alternative, tapered versions are within the scope of this invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention is best understood with reference to the accompanying set of drawings, in which: 
         FIGS. 1A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of a first exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 2A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 3A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 4A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 5A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 6A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 7A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 8A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 9A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 10A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 11A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 12A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 13  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 14  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 15  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 16  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 17  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 18  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 19  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 20  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 21  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 22  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 23  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 24  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 25  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 26  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 27  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 28  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 29  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 30  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 31  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 32  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 33  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 34  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 35  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 36  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 37  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 38  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 39  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 40  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 41  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 42  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 43  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 44  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 45  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 46  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 47  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 48  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 49  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 50  depicts another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIGS. 51A-B  respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another exemplary standard cell; 
         FIG. 52  depicts another exemplary standard cell; and, 
         FIG. 53  depicts another exemplary standard cell. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The inventive standard cells are depicted, in detail, in the accompanying  FIGS. 1-53 . The function of each depicted cell is described below.  FIG. 1A  provides a layer legend for the figures, with the layers depicted as follows: metal-1/first mask ( 11 ); metal-1/second mask( 12 ); via-0 ( 13 ); via-1 (14); metal-2 (15); poly-contact ( 16 ); active ( 17 ); active-contact ( 18 ); poly ( 19 ); poly-cut ( 20 ); and active-cut ( 21 ). As persons skilled in the art will appreciate, these cells are intended to be instantiated and used in ways and configurations well known in the art (as described, for example, in the incorporated standard cell references). Furthermore, as persons skilled in the art will recognize, the dummy poly stripes depicted at the right and left edges of each cell are used for DRC checking, but would not typically be instantiated when the cells are placed in a row-wise abutting relationship, and therefore should not be considered a part of the cells themselves. Product ICs constructed using the inventive library are preferably fabricated using commercially available 14 nm fabrication processes. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 1A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of a first exemplary standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with set and inverted output in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 28 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 2A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with set and inverted output in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 27 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 3A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with set and inverted output in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 26 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 4A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This cell implements a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with set in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 28 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 5A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with set in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 27 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontywtal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 6A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This cell implements a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with set in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 26 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 7A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This implements the logic function of a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with reset and inverted output in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 28 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 8A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This cell implements a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with reset and inverted output in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 27 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 9A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This cell implements a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with reset and inverted output in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 26 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 10A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with reset in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 28 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 11A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This cell implements a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with reset in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 27 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 12A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a scan-enabled d-flip-flop with reset in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 26 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and several left- and right-oriented c-shaped features in metal-1. 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 13 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set and reset in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 17 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a upwardly-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the left of the upwardly-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 14 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set and reset in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 16 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a upwardly-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the left of the upwardly-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 15 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set and reset in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 16 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a upwardly-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the left of the upwardly-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 16 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 14 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a upwardly-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the left of the upwardly-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 17 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 13 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a upwardly-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the left of the upwardly-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 18 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 12 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a upwardly-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the left of the upwardly-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 19 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with reset in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 14 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a upwardly-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the left of the upwardly-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 20 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with reset in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 13 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a upwardly-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the left of the upwardly-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 21 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with reset in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 12 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a upwardly-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the left of the upwardly-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 22 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted output in drive strength 4. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 14 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 23 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted output in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 12 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 24 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted output in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 11 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 25 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted output in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 10 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 26 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted output in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 12 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the h-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 27 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted output in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 11 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the h-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 28 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted output in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 10 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the h-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 29 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set, reset and inverted clock in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 17 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a downward-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the downward-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 30 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set, reset and inverted clock in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 16 CPP. 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 31 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set, reset and inverted clock in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 15 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a downward-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the downward-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 32 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set and inverted clock in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 14 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a downward-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the downward-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 33 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set and inverted clock in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 13 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a downward-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the downward-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 34 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with set and inverted clock in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 12 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a downward-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the downward-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 35 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with reset and inverted clock in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 14 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a downward-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the downward-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 36 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with reset and inverted clock in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 13 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a downward-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the downward-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 37 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with reset and inverted clock in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 12 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, a downward-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and at least one left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the downward-facing c-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 38 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with reset, inverted clock and inverted output in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 13 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an upside down h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 39 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with reset, inverted clock and inverted output in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 12 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an upside down h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 40 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with reset, inverted clock and inverted output in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 11 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an upside down h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 41 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted clock and inverted output in drive strength 4. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 14 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an upside down h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 42 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted clock and inverted output in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 12 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an upside down h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 43 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted clock and inverted output in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 11 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an upside down h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 44 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted clock and inverted output in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 10 CPP. 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 45 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted clock in drive strength 3. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 12 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an upside down h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 46 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted clock in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 11 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an upside down h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 47 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a latch with inverted clock in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 10 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, and an upside down h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 48 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a two-input, tri-state multiplexor in drive strength 4. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 18 CPP. 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 49 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a two-input, tri-state multiplexor in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 10 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and a left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the h-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 50 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a two-input, tri-state multiplexor in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 9 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and a left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the h-shaped feature). 
     Reference is made to  FIGS. 51A-B , which respectively depict abutting left and right portions of another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a two-input, tri-state multiplexor with inverted output in drive strength 4. As is readily apparent from the figures, this cell has a width of 21 CPP. 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 52 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a two-input, tri-state multiplexor with inverted output in drive strength 2. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 13 CPP. 
     Reference is made to  FIG. 53 , which depicts another standard cell. This cell implements the logic function of a two-input, tri-state multiplexor with inverted output in drive strength 1. As is readily apparent from the figure, this cell has a width of 7 CPP, and includes horizontally-extending power rails in metal-1, uni-directional horizontal patterning in metal-2, an h-shaped feature in metal-1 (located near the left edge of the cell), and a left-facing c-shaped feature in metal-1 (located to the right of the h-shaped feature). 
     The cells exemplified in  FIGS. 1A-53  are preferably constructed using the techniques detailed in the incorporated &#39;271 application. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that such techniques can be readily applied to produce additional sequential and combinational logic cells from the templates exhibited by the cells herein. 
     In the claims that follow, the inventive cells are referenced as both “cells” and “means.” For clarity and definiteness, it is applicant&#39;s intent that a reference in a claim to, for example, “a  FIG. 50  cell” be construed to mean “a cell having the topological design depicted in FIG.  50 ,” whereas a similar reference to “a  FIG. 50  means” be construed, under §112 ¶6, to cover “a cell that implements the logic function of the  FIG. 50  cell, i.e., ‘a two-input, tri-state multiplexor in drive strength 1’ and has the structure depicted in  FIG. 50 , or an equivalent structure.”