Abstract:
The present invention relates to a fuel cell assembly and method of manufacturing same, and a bonding part manufacturing method and device. For instance, in a resin frame, a depression part is subsidence formed from a lower-end face toward an upper-end face, and a housing hole is pass-through formed from a top surface of the depression part toward the upper-end face. For instance, the depression part, a cathode-side electrode and an electrolyte film are housed, and in such a circumstance, an anode-side electrode is housed in the housing hole. A portion of the resin frame permeates a gas diffusion layer which configures the anode-side electrode and is a porous body. Via the permeated site, the resin frame and the gas diffusion layer (anode-side electrode) are integrally bonded.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a fuel cell assembly, and a method for producing (manufacturing) the same. The fuel cell assembly contains a membrane electrode assembly containing an anode and a cathode with a solid polymer electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween. The fuel cell assembly further contains a resin frame for supporting the membrane electrode assembly. The present invention further relates to a method and an apparatus (device) for producing a joined assembly (manufacturing a bonding part) by bonding a porous member made of a porous body and a resin member to each other. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell contains a membrane electrode assembly prepared by interposing a solid polymer electrolyte membrane between an anode and a cathode. In this type of fuel cell, the membrane electrode assembly, and a resin frame for supporting the membrane electrode assembly may be integrally bonded to obtain a fuel cell assembly. A plurality of such fuel cell assemblies may be stacked to obtain a stack. 
         [0003]    The technique described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 05-234606 has been known as a method for producing such a fuel cell assembly. According to this technique, an opening is formed in a frame-shaped (rectangular) resin frame, a portion in the vicinity of the opening is overlapped on an edge of an electrolyte membrane, and the overlapped portion is heated to form a heat-welded portion. 
         [0004]    The electrolyte membrane absorbs and releases water that is generated during an electrode reaction of the fuel cell, whereby the electrolyte membrane is subjected to swelling and shrinkage. In the case that the resin frame and the electrolyte membrane are heat-welded as described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 05-234606, the welded portion of the electrolyte membrane may become denatured by the heat. In this case, the welded portion may become deteriorated in strength and damaged due to such swelling and shrinkage. 
         [0005]    In the method proposed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2008-135295, a portion of a resin frame is melted, the obtained melt is introduced into a gas diffusion layer in an anode or a cathode, and the introduced melt is cooled and solidified. The impact of heat on the electrolyte membrane is reduced in this method, as compared with the aforementioned process of heat-welding the electrolyte membrane directly with the resin frame. 
         [0006]    The method described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2008-135295 will be illustrated schematically. In  FIG. 17 , reference numeral  10  represents a membrane electrode assembly, and reference numeral  11  represents a resin frame. In this case, the membrane electrode assembly  10  contains a cathode  12 , an electrolyte membrane  14 , and an anode  16 , which are stacked in this order from the bottom. 
         [0007]    The cathode  12  contains a gas diffusion layer  18  made of carbon paper or the like, an underlayer  20 , and an electrode catalyst layer  22 , which are stacked in this order from the bottom. The anode  16  contains an electrode catalyst layer  24 , an underlayer  26 , and a gas diffusion layer  28  made of carbon paper or the like, which are stacked in this order from the bottom. The cathode  12  is wider than the anode  16 , and thus an edge of the upper surface (facing the anode  16 ) of the electrolyte membrane  14  is exposed outside of the anode  16 . 
         [0008]    The resin frame  11  has a recess  30  that extends from the lower surface toward the upper surface, and a housing hole  32  formed as a through-hole and which extends from the ceiling surface of the recess  30  to the upper surface. During the process of bonding the resin frame  11  to the membrane electrode assembly  10 , the gas diffusion layer  28  of the anode  16  is brought into contact with the ceiling surface of the recess  30 , and then the upper surface is heated and pressed in the vicinity of the housing hole  32 . A portion of the resin frame  11  is softened (or melted) and is made flowable by heating, such that the softened material penetrates into the gas diffusion layer  28 . 
         [0009]    Thereafter, the softened material, which is introduced into the gas diffusion layer  28 , is solidified, whereby the resin frame  11  is bonded to the gas diffusion layer  28 , i.e., to the anode  16 . 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0010]    As a practical matter, it is difficult to sufficiently melt the resin frame  11 . Therefore, the resin frame  11  cannot be introduced sufficiently into the gas diffusion layer  28 . As a result, as shown in  FIG. 18 , a gap is formed between the ceiling surface of the recess  30  and the electrolyte membrane  14 . A fuel gas (such as a hydrogen-containing gas) and an oxygen-containing gas (such as air) are supplied respectively to the anode  16  and the cathode  12 . In the case that the aforementioned gap is formed, the supplied gas leaks out from the gap. 
         [0011]    In this case, the resin frame  11  protrudes slightly from the upper surface of the membrane electrode assembly  10 . Thus, when fuel cell assemblies of this type are stacked, the thickness of the resultant stack is increased due to the protrusion. Furthermore, the electrolyte membrane or the carbon paper may become broken by a shear force that acts thereon as a result of the protrusion. 
         [0012]    A general object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell assembly capable of preventing gas leakage. 
         [0013]    A principal object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell assembly capable of preventing an increase in thickness of a stack. 
         [0014]    Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing such a fuel cell assembly. 
         [0015]    A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a joined assembly, such as a fuel cell assembly, which is made up from a porous member and a resin frame. 
         [0016]    A still further object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for producing such a joined assembly. 
         [0017]    According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell assembly comprising a membrane electrode assembly and a resin frame for supporting the membrane electrode assembly, the membrane electrode assembly containing an anode and a cathode with a solid polymer electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween, wherein: 
         [0018]    the resin frame has a recess that extends from one surface toward another surface, and further has a housing hole formed as a through-hole, which extends from a bottom surface or a ceiling surface of the recess to the other surface; 
         [0019]    the electrolyte membrane and one of the anode and the cathode are placed in the recess; 
         [0020]    the other of the anode and the cathode is placed in the housing hole; 
         [0021]    the resin frame and at least one of the anode and the cathode are bonded to each other, such that a portion of the resin frame penetrates into the anode or the cathode; and 
         [0022]    an edge of the electrolyte membrane is exposed on an outside of an edge of at least one of the anode and the cathode and faces the bottom surface or the ceiling surface of the recess. 
         [0023]    In the fuel cell assembly, the electrolyte membrane and the resin frame are not heat-welded. Therefore, denaturation by heat and deterioration in strength of the electrolyte membrane are prevented. Thus, damage of the electrolyte membrane due to swelling or shrinkage is prevented. 
         [0024]    The electrolyte membrane and the resin frame are placed in contact with each other or are bonded by an adhesive or the like. Therefore, a gap is not formed between the electrolyte membrane and the resin frame, so that gas leakage does not occur. 
         [0025]    The membrane electrode assembly is placed in the recess and the housing hole of the resin frame, such that the portion of the resin frame penetrates into the electrode. Therefore, the resin frame does not protrude from the membrane electrode assembly. Consequently, an increase in thickness of a stack of the fuel cell assemblies is prevented, and breakage of the electrolyte membrane or the gas diffusion layer (generally carbon paper) is prevented. 
         [0026]    An elastomer may be interposed between and in contact with the bottom surface or the ceiling surface of the recess in the resin frame and the edge of the electrolyte membrane. In this case, a gap, which is formed between the resin frame and the electrolyte membrane, is filled with the elastomer, whereby gas leakage can be more easily prevented. 
         [0027]    The edge of the electrolyte membrane may be exposed on the outsides of an edge of the anode and an edge of the cathode. In this case, another resin frame may be inserted into the recess of the resin frame, and the other resin frame and the other of the anode and the cathode that is not bonded to the resin frame may be integrally bonded to each other. Thus, similar to the case described above, integral bonding thereof is performed by a portion of the other resin frame penetrating into the other electrode. 
         [0028]    According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a fuel cell assembly containing a membrane electrode assembly and a resin frame for supporting the membrane electrode assembly, wherein the membrane electrode assembly contains an anode and a cathode with a solid polymer electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween, 
         [0029]    the method comprising the steps of: 
         [0030]    placing the electrolyte membrane and one of the anode and the cathode in a recess, which extends from one surface toward another surface of the resin frame, and placing the other of the anode and the cathode in a housing hole, which is formed as a through-hole that extends from a bottom surface or a ceiling surface of the recess to the other surface; 
         [0031]    heating an outer surface of the recess or the housing hole to generate a softened material and pressing the outer surface in order to introduce the softened material into the anode or the cathode; and 
         [0032]    hardening the softened material, which is introduced into the anode or the cathode, so as to bond the resin frame to the anode or the cathode. It should be noted that the term “softening” includes the meaning of “melting” in the present invention. Thus, the “softened material” includes the meaning of a “melted material”. 
         [0033]    The fuel cell assembly having the above-described structure can easily be produced by carrying out the aforementioned method steps. 
         [0034]    The heating may be performed by, for example, laser irradiation, infrared ray irradiation, or the like. Alternatively, a heated jig may be pressed against the outer surface. 
         [0035]    During the pressing step, a pressing jig may be pressed against the softened material. In this case, an area of a pressing surface of the pressing jig preferably is greater than an area of a melted portion of the resin frame. If a pressing jig is used in this manner, generation of burrs in the softened portion and the softened material of the resin frame is prevented. 
         [0036]    During the step of heating the outer surface of the recess, an elastomer may be interposed between and in contact with the bottom surface or the ceiling surface of the recess and an edge of the electrolyte membrane, thereby obtaining a fuel cell assembly with the elastomer interposed therebetween. In this case, the fuel cell assembly exhibits a more excellent sealing property. 
         [0037]    In the above manner, the resin frame may be integrally bonded to one of the anode and the cathode, and another resin frame may be inserted into the recess of the resin frame and integrally bonded to the other electrode, so as to obtain a fuel cell assembly with both electrodes thereof integrally bonded to respective resin frames. The other resin frame may be integrally bonded in the same manner as the former resin frame. 
         [0038]    In this case, an outer surface of the other resin frame is heated in order to generate a softened material, and the softened material is introduced into the other of the anode and the cathode that is not bonded to the resin frame. Thereafter, the melt, which is introduced into the other electrode, is solidified, whereby the other resin frame and the other electrode can be integrally bonded. 
         [0039]    In any case, a protrusion preferably is formed on a portion of the resin frame to be heated. In this case, a decrease in thickness caused by such penetration can be compensated for by the material in the protrusion. 
         [0040]    Preferably, a load applied in the pressing step is substantially equal to a fastening pressure of a stack of the fuel cell assemblies. In this case, the stack can exhibit a sufficient sealing property. 
         [0041]    According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing a joined assembly by bonding a resin member to a porous member made of a porous body, comprising the steps of: 
         [0042]    arranging an edge of the porous member and an edge of the resin member in facing relation to each other on a positioning jig so as to form a facing portion; 
         [0043]    pressing the facing portion using a pressing member; 
         [0044]    bringing a heating member into contact with the pressing member for pressing the facing portion, heating the heating member in order to transfer heat to the pressing member and the facing portion, heating the pressing member and the facing portion, and introducing a portion of the resin member into the porous member; and 
         [0045]    separating the heating member from the pressing member, thereby stopping heating, while continuously pressing the facing portion using the pressing member, so as to harden the portion of the resin member that was introduced into the porous member. 
         [0046]    In the case that the resin material, which is introduced into the porous member, is pressed by the heating member, when the heating member is separated from the facing portion, the melted resin material remains attached to the heating member and extends therefrom in the form of strings. Thus, a so-called stringing effect of the material is caused. In contrast, in the present invention, heat is transferred from the heating member, through the pressing member, and to the facing portion. Therefore, even if the heating member becomes separated from the pressing member after softening of the resin material, such stringing is not caused. 
         [0047]    Furthermore, since the heating member is separated away from the pressing member, residual heat of the heating member can easily be prevented from being transferred to the facing portion. 
         [0048]    In the step of stopping heating while continuously pressing the facing portion using the pressing member, preferably at least one of the pressing member and the positioning jig is cooled. In this case, the joined assembly is prevented from warping, and the resin material that is introduced into the porous member is effectively hardened. Thus, the joined assembly can be produced efficiently without warping. 
         [0049]    In any case, a protrusion preferably is formed in the vicinity of an edge of the resin member, and the protrusion is pressed by the pressing member. Thus, a decrease in thickness caused by such penetration can be compensated for by the material in the protrusion, in the same manner as described above. 
         [0050]    A recess preferably is formed in advance in the vicinity of the protrusion on the resin member. In such a structure, a portion of the softened material flows from the protrusion into the recess. Thus, formation of a raised portion on the resin frame due to blocking of the flow of the softened material can be prevented. 
         [0051]    According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bonding apparatus for bonding a resin member to a porous member made of a porous body comprising: 
         [0052]    a positioning jig on which the porous member and the resin member are placed; 
         [0053]    a pressing member for pressing a facing portion, which is formed by arranging bonding surfaces of the porous member and the resin member in facing relation to each other on the positioning jig; 
         [0054]    a heating member which is heatable and which is capable of moving closer to or farther away from the pressing member; 
         [0055]    a heating unit for heating the heating member; 
         [0056]    a first displacement mechanism for moving the pressing member closer to or farther away from the facing portion; and 
         [0057]    a second displacement mechanism for moving the heating member closer to or farther away from the pressing member. 
         [0058]    In this structure, heat of the heating member is transferred through the pressing member to the facing portion, thereby preventing occurrence of the aforementioned stringing effect. Consequently, a joined assembly (such as a fuel cell assembly) can be efficiently produced without requiring after-treatments to compensate for stringing. 
         [0059]    Preferably, the bonding apparatus further comprises at least one of a cooling unit for cooling the pressing member and a cooling unit for cooling the positioning jig. If cooling by the cooling unit is carried out, warping of the joined assembly can be prevented. Furthermore, the resin material that is introduced into the porous member can be hardened more efficiently. 
         [0060]    A protrusion may be formed convexly in the vicinity of an edge of the resin member. In this case, the protrusion may be pressed by the pressing member. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0061]      FIG. 1  is an overall schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a fuel cell assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0062]      FIG. 2  is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a resin frame, which is placed on an upper surface of an electrolyte membrane in order to produce the fuel cell assembly of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0063]      FIG. 3  is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the resin frame, which is heated and pressed following the step shown in  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0064]      FIG. 4  is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the resin frame, which is pressed by a pressing jig; 
           [0065]      FIG. 5  is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a melt of the resin frame, which is shown in a state of penetrating into a gas diffusion layer of an anode following the step shown in  FIG. 4 ; 
           [0066]      FIG. 6  is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of an elastomer that is interposed between the electrolyte membrane and the resin frame in the fuel cell assembly; 
           [0067]      FIG. 7  is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the electrolyte membrane, in which both lower and upper surfaces thereof are bonded to resin frames; 
           [0068]      FIG. 8  is an overall schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a fuel cell assembly, which is produced using a bonding apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0069]      FIG. 9  is a schematic partially vertical cross-sectional front view of the bonding apparatus; 
           [0070]      FIG. 10  is an enlarged view of a principal part shown in  FIG. 9 ; 
           [0071]      FIG. 11  is a schematic front view of a pressing member and a heating member, which are separated away from each other and lowered in this state in order to bond a porous member and a resin member; 
           [0072]      FIG. 12  is a schematic front view of the pressing member, which is brought into contact with a protrusion following the step shown in  FIG. 11 ; 
           [0073]      FIG. 13  is a schematic front view of an end of the heating member, which is brought into contact with the pressing member following the step shown in  FIG. 12 ; 
           [0074]      FIG. 14  is a schematic front view of the pressing member and the heating member, which are lowered further to crush the protrusion following the step shown in  FIG. 13 ; 
           [0075]      FIG. 15  is a schematic front view of the heating member, which is raised and separated away from the pressing member following the step shown in  FIG. 14 ; 
           [0076]      FIG. 16  is a schematic front view of the pressing member, which is raised and separated away from a joined assembly (fuel cell assembly) following the step shown in  FIG. 15 ; 
           [0077]      FIG. 17  is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a resin frame, which is placed on an upper surface of an electrolyte membrane, according to a conventional technique for producing a fuel cell assembly; and 
           [0078]      FIG. 18  is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the fuel cell assembly, which is produced by a method according to the conventional technique. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0079]    Several preferred embodiments of the fuel cell assembly, the fuel cell assembly production method, the joined assembly production method, and the apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Incidentally, constituent elements of the embodiments, which are the same as the constituent elements shown in  FIGS. 17 and 18 , are denoted using the same reference numerals, and detailed explanations of such features are omitted. 
         [0080]    Initially, a first embodiment of a fuel cell assembly and a production method therefor will be described below.  FIG. 1  is an overall schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a fuel cell assembly  50  according to the first embodiment. The fuel cell assembly  50  contains a membrane electrode assembly  10 , and a resin frame  52  for supporting the membrane electrode assembly  10 . 
         [0081]    In the fuel cell assembly  50  of  FIG. 1 , as well as in that of  FIG. 17 , the membrane electrode assembly  10  contains a cathode  12  having a large width, an electrolyte membrane  14  having substantially the same width as the cathode  12 , and an anode  16  having a width that is smaller than the widths of the cathode  12  and the electrolyte membrane  14 . Therefore, edges of the upper surface of the electrolyte membrane  14  are exposed outside of the anode  16 . 
         [0082]    The cathode  12  contains a gas diffusion layer  18 , an underlayer  20 , and an electrode catalyst layer  22 , which are stacked in this order from the bottom. The anode  16  contains an electrode catalyst layer  24 , an underlayer  26 , and a gas diffusion layer  28  made of carbon paper or the like, which are stacked in this order from the bottom. 
         [0083]    The resin frame  52  serves to support the membrane electrode assembly  10  having the aforementioned structure, and has a recess  30  that extends from the lower surface toward the upper surface, as shown in  FIG. 1 . Furthermore, a housing hole  32  is formed as a through-hole that extends from the ceiling surface of the recess  30  to the upper surface. 
         [0084]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the cathode  12  and the electrolyte membrane  14  are placed in the recess  30 , whereas the anode  16  is placed in the housing hole  32 . 
         [0085]    The material in the vicinity of the housing hole  32  penetrates into the gas diffusion layer  28  of the anode  16 . Due to such penetration, the resin frame  52  is connected with the anode  16 . Incidentally, portions of the material of the resin frame  52  that penetrate into the gas diffusion layer  28  are shown in cross-hatching in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0086]    The ceiling surface of the recess  30  may be placed in contact only with the upper surface of the electrolyte membrane  14  facing the ceiling surface. Alternatively, the ceiling surface of the recess  30  may be bonded to the electrolyte membrane  14  through an adhesive or the like. 
         [0087]    In any case, the electrolyte membrane  14  and the ceiling surface of the recess  30  are not heat-welded to each other. Therefore, heat denaturation of the electrolyte membrane  14  is prevented. Consequently, even if the electrolyte membrane  14  is subjected to swelling and shrinkage, the strength of the electrolyte membrane  14  is not deteriorated, and the electrolyte membrane  14  and the like are not damaged. 
         [0088]    The height of the upper surface of the resin frame  52  is substantially equal to the height of the upper surface of the gas diffusion layer  28 . Thus, upper surfaces of the resin frame  52  and the gas diffusion layer  28  are formed substantially in one plane. 
         [0089]    Although not shown in the drawings, the resin frame  52  has a supply hole for supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the cathode  12 , a discharge hole for discharging the oxidant gas from the cathode, a supply hole for supplying a fuel gas to the anode  16 , a discharge hole for discharging the fuel gas from the anode, a supply hole for supplying a coolant to the unit cell, and a discharge hole for discharging the coolant from the unit cell. 
         [0090]    When the fuel cell assembly  50  having such a basic structure is operated, or when a stack made up of a certain number of the fuel cell assemblies  50  is operated, the oxygen-containing gas and the fuel gas are supplied from the supply holes to the cathode  12  and the anode  16 , respectively, and the residual gas and the reaction resultant gas are discharged from the discharge holes. Meanwhile, the coolant is supplied and discharged. 
         [0091]    As described above, the ceiling surface of the recess  30  in the resin frame  52  is placed in contact with or is bonded to the exposed upper surface of the electrolyte membrane  14 . Therefore, leakage of fuel gas from the anode  16  to the cathode  12 , and leakage of oxygen-containing gas from the cathode  12  to the anode  16  are prevented. Thus, when the ceiling surface of the recess  30  in the resin frame  52  is placed in contact with or is bonded to the exposed upper surface of the electrolyte membrane  14 , the fuel cell assembly  50  exhibits a sufficient sealing property. 
         [0092]    Furthermore, upper surfaces of the resin frame  52  and the gas diffusion layer  28  are formed substantially in one plane. Therefore, the resin frame  52  does not protrude from the membrane electrode assembly  10 . Thus, an increase in thickness of a stack, which is made up of the fuel cell assemblies  50 , can be prevented. 
         [0093]    The membrane electrode assembly  10  having such a structure can be produced in the following manner. 
         [0094]    Initially, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the membrane electrode assembly  10  is placed on a heat radiating base  60 . It will be understood that the heat radiating base  60  faces toward the gas diffusion layer  18  of the cathode  12 . 
         [0095]    Then, the resin frame  52  is placed on the electrolyte membrane  14  such that the ceiling surface of the recess  30  in the resin frame  52  is brought into contact with the exposed upper surface of the electrolyte membrane  14 . During this step, it is not necessary for the side wall of the housing hole  32  to be brought into contact with the anode  16 . 
         [0096]    A protrusion  62  is formed beforehand on the upper surface of the resin frame  52  in the vicinity of the recess  30 . The protrusion  62  may be molded integrally with the resin frame  52 . Alternatively, the protrusion  62  may be formed by so-called padding in the vicinity of the recess  30 . As will be described in the second embodiment, it is also preferred that a trap recess is formed in the vicinity of the protrusion  62 . 
         [0097]    A first heat radiating press mold  64  and a second heat radiating press mold  66  are placed respectively on the gas diffusion layer  28  of the anode  16  and on the upper surface of the resin frame  52 . A clearance  68  is formed between the first heat radiating press mold  64  and the second heat radiating press mold  66 . The protrusion  62  is located in the clearance  68 . 
         [0098]    Next, the protrusion  62  is heated and pressed. During this step, for example, laser irradiation, infrared ray irradiation, or the like may be carried out. Alternatively, a heated jig such as a hot plate may be pressed directly against the protrusion  62 . 
         [0099]    A load, which corresponds to the fastening pressure of a stack, which is made up of the fuel cell assemblies  50 , preferably is applied in the pressing step. In this case, the resin frame  52  and the membrane electrode assembly  10  are pressed under a load which is substantially equal to the fastening pressure of the stack. Thus, the fuel cell assembly  50  can have a thickness substantially equivalent to the size in the thickness-direction of the stack. Consequently, an advantage exists in that a gap is not formed between the upper surface of the electrolyte membrane  14  and the ceiling surface of the recess  30  in the resin frame  52 , so that gas leakage can easily be prevented. 
         [0100]    The protrusion  62  and a portion located immediately beneath the protrusion  62  in the vicinity of the recess  30  are softened and made flowable by heating. The softened material is moved as a result of being pressed. Since the second heat radiating press mold  66  is placed on the upper surface of the resin frame  52 , the softened material does not flow significantly toward the second heat radiating press mold  66 . Therefore, the softened material flows toward the anode  16 . 
         [0101]    The gas diffusion layer  28  is a porous body. Therefore, as shown in  FIG. 3 , the softened material penetrates into the gas diffusion layer  28 . Thereafter, when heating is stopped, the softened material, which is introduced into the gas diffusion layer  28 , is cooled and solidified. The gas diffusion layer  28  (anode  16 ) and the resin frame  52  are bonded integrally to each other in this manner. 
         [0102]    In the above process, heat of the resin frame  52  is rapidly transferred to and released from the heat radiating base  60 , the first heat radiating press mold  64 , and the second heat radiating press mold  66 . Therefore, heat is not retained in the resin frame  52 , and portions other than the protrusion  62  and the portion located immediately beneath the protrusion  62  are not softened. In addition, the membrane electrode assembly  10  and the resin frame  52  are prevented from warping. 
         [0103]    By carrying out the aforementioned steps, the fuel cell assembly  50  shown in  FIG. 1  is produced. 
         [0104]    For heating and pressing the protrusion  62 , a pressing jig  69  may be used, as shown in  FIG. 4 . In the case that the protrusion  62  is heated by irradiation or through use of a hot plate, the pressing jig  69  may be constituted by a heat transfer member, which is composed of a metal such as iron or copper. In the case that the protrusion  62  is heated by laser irradiation or infrared ray irradiation, the pressing jig  69  may be composed of an electromagnetic wave transmitting material such as glass. In any of such cases, the area of the pressing surface of the pressing jig  69  preferably is greater than the area of the upper end of the protrusion  62 . 
         [0105]    In such cases as well, as described above, the protrusion  62  is heated and pressed, such that the softened material is generated and penetrates into the gas diffusion layer  28 , as shown in  FIG. 5 . At this time, if the area of the pressing surface of the pressing jig  69  is greater than the area of the upper end of the protrusion  62 , the softened material can effectively be prevented from penetrating between the pressing jig  69  and the first heat radiating press mold  64 , or between the pressing jig  69  and the second heat radiating press mold  66 . 
         [0106]    When the pressing surface of the pressing jig  69  (the contact surface, which is in contact with the protrusion  62 ) is lowered, such that the height position of the pressing surface is substantially equal to that of the lower surface of the second heat radiating press mold  66  (the contact surface, which is in contact with the resin frame  52 ), a load (reaction force) that acts on the resin frame  52  is detected, and lowering is stopped together with stopping heating. Together therewith, the softened material that was introduced into the gas diffusion layer  28  is cooled and solidified, whereby the gas diffusion layer  28  (anode  16 ) and the resin frame  52  are bonded integrally to each other. Since, as described above, the softened material is prevented from penetrating between the pressing jig  69  and the first heat radiating press mold  64 , or between the pressing jig  69  and the second heat radiating press mold  66 , generation of burrs is prevented. In addition, after heating is stopped, the pressing jig  69  may be kept in the lowered stop position until the softened material is cooled and solidified. In this case as well, the so-called stringing effect is prevented. 
         [0107]    As shown in  FIG. 6 , an elastomer  70  may be interposed between the upper surface of the electrolyte membrane  14  and the ceiling surface of the recess  30  in the resin frame  52 . In this case, the elastomer  70  is held in contact with both the upper surface of the electrolyte membrane  14  and the ceiling surface of the recess  30  in the resin frame  52 , such that a gap therebetween is filled with the elastomer  70 . Accordingly, in this case, the fuel cell assembly  50  exhibits a further improved sealing property. 
         [0108]    The elastomer  70  may be placed on the exposed upper surface of the electrolyte membrane  14  before the resin frame  52  is placed on the electrolyte membrane  14 . The elastomer  70  possesses excellent elasticity, and therefore during the above heating and pressing step, the elastomer  70  is readily expanded. Thus, flowage of the softened material from the protrusion  62  and from the portion in the vicinity of the recess  30  is not inhibited by the elastomer  70 . 
         [0109]    As shown in  FIG. 7 , the lower surface of the electrolyte membrane  14  is exposed outside of the cathode  12 , and the exposed lower surface may be bonded to another resin frame  72 . Such a modified example will be described below. 
         [0110]    In the modified example, the other resin frame  72 , which is substantially rectangular in shape, is inserted into the recess  30  in the resin frame  52 . The other resin frame  72  has a protrusion  74 , which extends downwardly in  FIG. 7 . A portion immediately above the protrusion  74  is brought into contact with a lower surface of the electrolyte membrane  14 , which is exposed outside of the cathode  12 . 
         [0111]    The two protrusions  62 ,  74  are both simultaneously pressed and heated by an impulse heating method, for example. Accordingly, as described above, the protrusion  62  and the portion located immediately beneath the protrusion  62  are softened so as to penetrate into the gas diffusion layer  28  of the anode  16 . Meanwhile, the protrusion  74  and the portion located immediately above the protrusion  74  are softened so as to penetrate into the gas diffusion layer  18  of the cathode  12 . 
         [0112]    Thereafter, when heating is stopped, the softened material introduced into the gas diffusion layer  18  is cooled and solidified. In the thus-obtained product of the fuel cell assembly  50 , the resin frame  52  and the gas diffusion layer  28  of the anode  16  are integrally bonded to each other, and the other resin frame  72  and the gas diffusion layer  18  of the cathode  12  are integrally bonded to each other. Incidentally, the lower surfaces of the other resin frame  72  and the gas diffusion layer  18  are formed substantially in one plane. 
         [0113]    Next, a joined assembly production method and an apparatus for carrying out the method will be described below as a second embodiment. According to the second embodiment, a fuel cell assembly is used as an example of the joined assembly. Incidentally, in the drawings of the second embodiment as well as in  FIGS. 1 to 7 ,  17 , and  18 , the same constituent elements are marked with the same reference numerals, and detailed explanations of such features are omitted. 
         [0114]      FIG. 8  is an overall schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a fuel cell assembly  80 , which makes up the joined assembly. The fuel cell assembly  80  contains a membrane electrode assembly  10 , and a resin frame  82  for supporting the membrane electrode assembly  10 . 
         [0115]    In the fuel cell assembly  80 , the membrane electrode assembly  10  contains a cathode  12  having a small width, an electrolyte membrane  14  having a width that is greater than the width of the cathode  12 , and an anode  16  having substantially the same width as the electrolyte membrane  14 . Therefore, edges of the lower surface of the electrolyte membrane  14  are exposed outside of the cathode  12 . 
         [0116]    The cathode  12  contains a gas diffusion layer  18  and an electrode catalyst layer  22 , which are stacked in this order from the bottom. The anode  16  contains an electrode catalyst layer  24  and a gas diffusion layer  28 , which are stacked in this order from the bottom. 
         [0117]    As shown in  FIG. 8 , the resin frame  82  has a recess  30  that extends from the upper surface toward the lower surface. Furthermore, a housing hole  32  is formed as a through-hole that extends from the bottom surface of the recess  30  to the lower surface. Thus, the recess  30  extends from the upper surface toward the lower surface of the resin frame  82 , and the housing hole  32  opens on the bottom surface of the recess  30 . 
         [0118]    As shown in  FIG. 8 , in the fuel cell assembly  80 , the cathode  12  is placed in the recess  30 , and the electrolyte membrane  14  and the anode  16  are placed in the housing hole  32 . 
         [0119]    The material of the recess  30  penetrates into the gas diffusion layer  28  of the anode  16  in the vicinity of the opening. As a result of such penetration, the resin frame  82  becomes connected with the anode  16 . Incidentally, in  FIG. 8 , in portions thereof shown in cross-hatching, the material of the resin frame  82  penetrates into the gas diffusion layer  28 . 
         [0120]    Similar to the first embodiment, the bottom surface of the recess  30  may be placed in contact solely with the lower surface of the electrolyte membrane  14  in facing relation to the bottom surface, and may be bonded to the electrolyte membrane  14  by an adhesive or the like. 
         [0121]    A bonding apparatus for producing the resin frame  82  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 9 to 16 . The fuel cell assembly  50  of the first embodiment can also be produced by the bonding apparatus. 
         [0122]      FIG. 9  is a schematic partially vertical cross-sectional front view of a bonding apparatus  90  according to the second embodiment. Hereinafter, the terms “bottom”, “top”, “left”, and “right” will be used to imply the bottom, top, left, and right of the drawings, respectively. 
         [0123]    The bonding apparatus  90  includes a first die base  92 , a second die base  94 , and a positioning jig  96 . The membrane electrode assembly  10  and the resin frame  82  are placed on the positioning jig  96 . At this time, the outer periphery of the membrane electrode assembly  10  is surrounded by the inner periphery of the resin frame  82 . A protrusion  98  (see  FIG. 10 ) is formed convexly on the upper surface of the resin frame  82 , and a trap recess  100  is formed in a concave manner in the vicinity of the protrusion  98 . The volume of the trap recess  100  is slightly smaller than the volume of the protrusion  98 . 
         [0124]    A first coolant passage (not shown) is formed in the positioning jig  96 . A coolant is supplied to the first coolant passage in order to accelerate cooling and hardening of the softened or melted resin frame  82 . 
         [0125]    The bonding apparatus  90  (see  FIG. 9 ) further includes a frame pushing member  102  for pressing the upper surface of the resin frame  82 , a structure pushing member  104  for pressing the upper surface of the membrane electrode assembly  10 , and a pressing member  106  and a heating member  108  for pressing and heating the membrane electrode assembly  10  and the resin frame  82 . The frame pushing member  102  is shaped in the form of a frame that surrounds the resin frame  82 . 
         [0126]    The frame pushing member  102  is connected with a first rod  112  of a first cylinder  110 . Therefore, when the first rod  112  is moved forward (lowered) or moved backward (raised), the frame pushing member  102  is lowered or raised together with the first rod  112 . The first cylinder  110  is supported by a non-illustrated support frame. 
         [0127]    The structure pushing member  104  is substantially quadrangular in shape, and is disposed inside of the frame pushing member  102  such that the structure pushing member  104  is surrounded by the frame pushing member  102 . A clearance is formed between the structure pushing member  104  and the frame pushing member  102 . A facing portion is exposed in the clearance. The outer peripheral end surface of the membrane electrode assembly  10  and the inner peripheral end surface of the resin frame  82  are arranged in facing relation to each other in the facing portion. 
         [0128]    The structure pushing member  104  and the heating member  108  are supported by a first support board  114 . The manner of support thereof will be described in detail hereinafter. 
         [0129]      FIG. 10  is an enlarged view of a principal part of the pressing member  106  and the heating member  108 , as shown on the right-hand side of  FIG. 9 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , the pressing member  106  is used in order to convexly press the protrusion  98 , which is formed in the vicinity of the opening of the recess  30  in the resin frame  82 . The heating member  108  is used for heating and softening the protrusion  98 . The pressing member  106  and the heating member  108  each are formed in the shape of a frame along the protrusion  98  of the resin frame  82 . 
         [0130]    The pressing member  106  is sandwiched between a cooling conduction block  118 , which is connected to a cooling block  116 , and a pushing plate  120 , which is connected to the cooling conduction block  118 . An insert recess  122 , into which a tapered lower end of the heating member  108  can be introduced, is formed in a concave shape on the pressing member  106 . When the lower end of the heating member  108  is introduced into the insert recess  122 , a projection  124  at the lower end is brought into contact with the bottom surface of the insert recess  122 . The projection  124  is disposed in facing relation to the protrusion  98  on the bottom surface of the insert recess  122 . 
         [0131]    A tapered through-hole  126 , which is connected to the insert recess  122 , is formed in the cooling conduction block  118 . The projection  124  of the heating member  108  is introduced through the tapered through-hole  126  into the insert recess  122 . 
         [0132]    A second coolant passage (not shown) is formed in the cooling block  116 . The coolant is supplied to the first and second coolant passages in order to draw heat from the cooling block  116 , the cooling conduction block  118 , and the pressing member  106 . Upon separation of the heating member  108  from the pressing member  106 , the temperature of the pressing member  106  is rapidly lowered. Thus, cooling and hardening of the softened or melted resin frame  82  is further accelerated. 
         [0133]    As shown in  FIG. 9 , the cooling block  116  is connected to the first support board  114  by a first columnar member  128 , and thus, the cooling block  116  is supported by the first support board  114 . Because in the foregoing manner the pressing member  106  is sandwiched between the cooling conduction block  118  and the pushing plate  120 , and is supported by the cooling block  116 , as a result, the pressing member  106  is supported by the first support board  114 . Thus, when the first support board  114  is raised or lowered, the first columnar member  128 , the cooling block  116 , the cooling conduction block  118 , and the pressing member  106  are raised or lowered in unison with the first support board  114 . 
         [0134]    The heating member  108  is connected to a heating block  130 . A cartridge heater (not shown) is embedded in the heating block  130 . The cartridge heater is energized so as to transfer heat to the heating block  130  and the heating member  108 . 
         [0135]    The heating member  108  is connected to a second support board  134  with a heat insulation board  132  interposed therebetween. Therefore, the heating member  108  is supported by the second support board  134 . Due to the heat insulation board  132 , which is interposed between the second support board  134  and the heating member  108 , the second support board  134  is prevented from being raised in temperature excessively. 
         [0136]    An insert hole  135  is formed in the heat insulation board  132  and the second support board  134 . The first columnar member  128  extends through the insert hole  135  to the first support board  114 . 
         [0137]    A spring bearing board  138  is supported through a connecting bolt  136  on the second support board  134 . In this manner, a screw hole is formed on the spring bearing board  138 , and a distal end of the connecting bolt  136  is screwed into the screw hole. 
         [0138]    A large-diameter hole  140  is formed in the second support board  134  and the heat insulation board  132 . The body of the connecting bolt  136  is inserted into the large-diameter hole  140  with a certain allowance. Thus, the connecting bolt  136  is fixed only to the spring bearing board  138 , and is not constricted by the second support board  134  and the heat insulation board  132 . The head of the connecting bolt  136  has a diameter, which is greater than that of the large-diameter hole  140 , such that the connecting bolt  136  cannot become separated from the large-diameter hole  140 . 
         [0139]    The body of the connecting bolt  136  is inserted into a coil spring  142 , which is disposed between the spring bearing board  138  and the heat insulation board  132 . Furthermore, the structure pushing member  104  is connected to the spring bearing board  138 . Therefore, a spring force of the coil spring  142  acts on the structure pushing member  104 . 
         [0140]    A second columnar member  144  is disposed in an upstanding manner on the upper surface of the second support board  134 . The second columnar member  144  is inserted into an insert hole  146 , which is formed on the first support board  114 , and is connected to a pressing machine mounting board  148 . Therefore, the heating member  108  is supported by the pressing machine mounting board  148 . Consequently, when the pressing machine mounting board  148  is raised or lowered, the second columnar member  144 , the second support board  134 , the heat insulation board  132 , the heating block  130 , and the heating member  108  are raised or lowered in unison with the pressing machine mounting board  148 . 
         [0141]    A second cylinder  150  (first displacement mechanism) is disposed on the lower surface of the pressing machine mounting board  148 . A second rod  152  of the second cylinder  150  is connected to the upper surface of the first support board  114 . Therefore, when the second rod  152  is moved forward (lowered) or moved backward (raised), the first support board  114 , the cooling block  116 , and the pressing member  106  are lowered or raised in follow-on relation thereto. Thus, as will be described hereinafter, the pressing member  106  is moved closer to or farther away from the pressing member  106 . 
         [0142]    A non-illustrated pressing machine (second displacement mechanism) is disposed on the upper surface of the pressing machine mounting board  148 . The pressing machine mounting board  148  is lowered or raised by the pressing machine, whereby the heating member  108  is moved closer to or farther away from the facing portion. 
         [0143]    A load sensor (not shown) is attached to the pressing machine. When a contact load is detected by the load sensor, a signal of the load is sent from the load sensor to a non-illustrated control circuit. When the control circuit receives the signal, the pressing member  106  is judged to be in contact with the resin frame  82 . 
         [0144]    The bonding apparatus  90  is constructed basically as described above. Advantageous effects of the bonding apparatus  90  will be described below in relation to a method for producing a joined assembly (the fuel cell assembly  80 ) according to the present embodiment. 
         [0145]    Initially, as has been described above, the membrane electrode assembly  10  and the resin frame  82  are placed on the positioning jig  96 . During this step, a lower surface edge of the electrolyte membrane  14 , which is exposed outside of the cathode  12 , is positioned on the bottom surface of the recess  30  of the resin frame  82 . The bottom surface of the recess  30  may be bonded by an adhesive to the lower surface edge of the electrolyte membrane  14 . The outer periphery of the membrane electrode assembly  10  is surrounded by the resin frame  82 , and the outer peripheral end surface of the membrane electrode assembly  10  and the inner peripheral end surface of the resin frame  82  are arranged in facing relation to each other in the facing portion. 
         [0146]    In this condition, the first cylinder  110  is driven, and the first rod  112  is moved forward to lower the frame pushing member  102 . As a result, the resin frame  82  is pressed by the frame pushing member  102  in order to prevent displacement of the resin frame  82 . 
         [0147]    Next, the coolant, which may be water or oil, is introduced into the first and second coolant passages. Then, the cartridge heater is energized. 
         [0148]    On the other hand, the pressing machine is operated in order to lower the pressing machine mounting board  148 , and the first support board  114  and the second support board  134  are lowered in follow-on relation thereto. Thus, the structure pushing member  104 , the heating member  108 , the heating block  130 , the cooling block  116 , the cooling conduction block  118 , and the pressing member  106  are lowered and displaced in close proximity to the facing portion. During this step, the second rod  152  of the second cylinder  150  is moved forward maximally. The pressing member  106  and the heating member  108  are lowered to the state shown in  FIG. 11 , where the pressing member  106  and the heating member  108  are separated mutually from each other. 
         [0149]    The pressing member  106  and the heating member  108  are lowered at the same speed. Therefore, as shown in  FIG. 12 , the pressing member  106  is brought into contact with the protrusion  98  before the heating member  108  is brought into contact with the pressing member  106 . After contact therebetween, the second rod  152  of the second cylinder  150  begins to move backward, such that the pressure of the pressing member  106  that acts on the protrusion  98  is made constant. In other words, the second rod  152  is subjected to shrinkage. 
         [0150]    On the other hand, the pressing machine mounting board  148  is lowered continuously by the pressing machine. The speed at which the pressing machine mounting board  148  is lowered and the speed at which the second rod  152  is moved backward are substantially the same. Therefore, the cooling block  116 , the cooling conduction block  118 , and the pressing member  106  are apparently stopped, whereas the structure pushing member  104 , the heating block  130 , and the heating member  108  are lowered continuously. 
         [0151]    As a result, the structure pushing member  104  is placed on the upper surface of the membrane electrode assembly  10  (upper surface of the gas diffusion layer  28 ). Consequently, a clearance is formed between the outer edge of the structure pushing member  104  and the inner edge of the frame pushing member  102 , and the facing portion is exposed in the clearance. 
         [0152]    Substantially simultaneously with placement of the structure pushing member  104 , as shown in  FIG. 13 , the lower end of the heating member  108  is inserted through the tapered through-hole  126  of the cooling conduction block  118  into the insert recess  122  of the pressing member  106 , such that the projection  124  of the heating member  108  is brought into contact with the bottom surface of the insert recess  122 . During this step, the reaction force of the protrusion  98  is greater than the pressing force of the pressing machine, and thus the heating member  108  is stopped temporarily. 
         [0153]    Due to driving of the cartridge heater in the heating block  130 , heat is transferred from the cartridge heater to the heating block  130 . Heat from the heating block  130  is then transferred to the heating member  108 , and further is transferred to the pressing member  106 . Such heat transfer occurs due to the fact that the projection  124  of the heating member  108  is held in contact with the bottom surface of the insert recess  122  that is formed in the pressing member  106 . 
         [0154]    Consequently, heat is transferred to the protrusion  98  on which the heating member  108  is stacked with the pressing member  106  interposed therebetween. As a result, the protrusion  98  is heated, softened, and made flowable, so as to generate the softened material. It should be noted that the protrusion  98  may be melted by heating. In this description, the term “softened material” includes the meaning of a melted material. 
         [0155]    Although the coolant is circulated in the second coolant passage of the cooling block  116 , the amount of generated heat in the cartridge heater is controlled, such that the protrusion  98  can be softened even after heat exchange with the coolant has taken place. Thus, softening of the protrusion  98  is not inhibited. 
         [0156]    When the protrusion  98  is softened and the softened material is generated, the pressing force of the pressing machine becomes greater than the reaction force of the protrusion  98 . Therefore, as shown in  FIG. 14 , the pressing member  106  and the heating member  108  are lowered further, whereupon the softened material is pressed by the pressing member  106 . Consequently, the protrusion  98  is crushed, and the upper surfaces of the membrane electrode assembly  10  and the resin frame  82  are made to form a single plane in the facing portion, such that the pressing member  106  is held in contact with the upper surfaces. 
         [0157]    During this step, the second support board  134  and the heat insulation board  132  are lowered slightly so as to become separated from the lower surface of the head of the connecting bolt  136 . Furthermore, as a result of such lowering, the coil spring  142  is compressed. 
         [0158]    When the pressing member  106  is brought into contact with the upper surfaces in the facing portion, the contact load is detected by the load sensor. A signal of the contact load is sent from the load sensor to the control circuit, and the pressing machine is stopped by the control circuit, and thus lowering of the pressing machine mounting board  148  is stopped. Consequently, backward movement of the second rod  152  is stopped as well. 
         [0159]    The softened material is made to flow under the aforementioned pressure. In the present embodiment, the trap recess  100  is formed in the vicinity of the protrusion  98 . Therefore, in the case that the softened material flows toward the frame pushing member  102 , the softened material becomes trapped in the trap recess  100 . As a result, a container for the softened material is prepared, whereby formation of a raised portion due to blocking of the softened material can be prevented. Meanwhile, the softened material flows toward the anode  16  and penetrates into the gas diffusion layer  28  because the gas diffusion layer  28  is made of a porous body. 
         [0160]    During this step, lower surfaces of the membrane electrode assembly  10  and the resin frame  82  are held in contact with the surface of the positioning jig  96 , such that the membrane electrode assembly  10  and the resin frame  82  are cooled by the positioning jig  96 . Such cooling takes place because, as described above, the coolant is circulated in the first coolant passage of the positioning jig  96 . Consequently, areas other than the protrusion  98  and the portion in the vicinity of the protrusion are not excessively heated. Thus, warping of the membrane electrode assembly  10  and the resin frame  82  is prevented from occurring. 
         [0161]    Thereafter, the pressing machine is operated again, the pressing machine mounting board  148  is raised, and the second support board  134  and the heat insulation board  132  are raised. As a result, the heating block  130 , the heating member  108 , and the structure pushing member  104  are raised. Accompanying elevation of the second support board  134  and the heat insulation board  132 , the coil spring  142  is extended, and an elastic force thereof acts on the spring bearing board  138  and the structure pushing member  104 . In addition, the lower surface of the head of the connecting bolt  136  is placed on the upper surface of the second support board  134 . 
         [0162]    When the pressing machine mounting board  148  is raised, the second rod  152  of the second cylinder  150  extends at a speed corresponding to the raising speed. Therefore, the cooling block  116 , the cooling conduction block  118 , and the pressing member  106  are continuously kept in contact with upper surfaces of the membrane electrode assembly  10  and the resin frame  82 . Due to this operation, as shown in  FIG. 15 , the heating member  108  moves away from the pressing member  106 . Heating of the resin frame  82  is stopped upon separation of the heating member  108  from the pressing member  106 . 
         [0163]    The heating member  108  is not brought into direct contact with the resin frame  82 . Therefore, the softened resin material does not become attached to the heating member  108 , and the resin material does not extend in the form of strings during the step of raising the heating member  108 . Thus, stringing of the resin material is prevented. 
         [0164]    The coolant is circulated in the second coolant passage in the cooling block  116 . After heat exchange has taken place between the coolant and the heating member  108 , the used coolant is discharged from the cooling block  116 , and another coolant having a sufficiently low temperature is supplied to the cooling block  116 . Therefore, the softened material, which is introduced into the gas diffusion layer  28 , is efficiently cooled and hardened in a relatively short period of time. Consequently, the gas diffusion layer  28  (anode  16 ) and the resin frame  82  are integrally bonded, and the fuel cell assembly  80  is obtained as a joined assembly. 
         [0165]    After cooling is carried out in the above-described manner, extension of the second rod  152  of the second cylinder  150  is stopped. As shown in  FIG. 16 , the pressing machine mounting board  148  is raised, and the cooling block  116 , the cooling conduction block  118 , and the pressing member  106  are moved away from the fuel cell assembly  80 . Thus, the fuel cell assembly  80  is separated from the pressing member  106  and the heating member  108 . Furthermore, the first rod  112  of the first cylinder  110  is moved backward and shrunk, and the frame pushing member  102  is moved away from the resin frame  82 . Thus, the fuel cell assembly  80  separates away from the frame pushing member  102 . Thereafter, the fuel cell assembly  80  may be isolated from the positioning jig  96 . 
         [0166]    The present invention is not particularly limited to the two embodiments described above. Various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. 
         [0167]    For example, in the exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 7 , the elastomer  70  (see  FIG. 6 ) may also be interposed between the other resin frame  72  and the lower surface of the electrolyte membrane  14 . 
         [0168]    Furthermore, the protrusions  62 ,  74 ,  98  are not essential to produce the assembly. Only a portion in the vicinity of the recess  30  or the housing hole  32  may be softened and introduced into the gas diffusion layer  18 ,  28 . 
         [0169]    Although according to the second embodiment, the first coolant passage is formed in the positioning jig  96  and the second coolant passage is formed in the cooling block  116 , one or both of the coolant passages may be omitted. 
         [0170]    In addition, use of the bonding apparatus  90  is not limited to the production of a fuel cell assembly  80 . Consequently, the porous member and the resin member are not limited to the gas diffusion layer  28  and the resin frame  82 , respectively. The bonding apparatus  90  can be used for production of any type of joined assembly that utilizes the introduction of a softened resin material into a porous member.