Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a red phosphorescent compound of the following Formula 1: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
           
             wherein 
           
         
       
     
                                 
is includes a phenyl part and a quinoline part, the quinoline part has one substituent selected from a C 1 -C 4  alkoxy group and the phenyl part has substituents independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl groups and C 1 -C 4  alkoxy groups, and
 
                                 
is selected from 2,4-pentanedione, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione, 1,3-propanedione, 1,3-butanedione, 3,5-heptanedione, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione, and 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2005-0105980 filed on Nov. 7, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a red light-emitting phosphorescent compound (hereinafter, referred to simply to as a ‘red phosphorescent compound’) and an organic electroluminescent (EL) device using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a red phosphorescent compound, and an organic electroluminescent device comprising a laminate of an anode, a light-emitting layer and a cathode wherein the red phosphorescent compound is used as a dopant of the light-emitting layer. 
     2. Discussion of the Related Art 
     With recent trends toward large-area displays, there has been increased demand for flat display devices that take up little space. In particular, technology of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices (also termed ‘organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)’) as flat display devices has been rapidly developed. A variety of prototypes of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices have been reported to date. 
     When charge carriers are injected into an organic film formed between an electron injecting electrode (cathode) and a hole injecting electrode (anode) of an organic electroluminescent device, electrons combine with holes to create electron-hole pairs, which then decay to emit light. Organic electroluminescent devices have advantages in that they can be fabricated on flexible transparent substrates (e.g., plastic substrates) and can be operated at a voltage (e.g., 10V or below) lower than voltages required to operate plasma display panels (PDPs) and inorganic electroluminescent devices. Other advantages of organic electroluminescent devices are relatively low power consumption and excellent color representation. Further, since organic electroluminescent (EL) devices can emit light of three colors (i.e., green, blue and red), they have been the focus of intense interest lately as next-generation display devices capable of producing images of various colors. A general method for fabricating organic EL devices will be briefly explained below. 
     (1) First, a transparent substrate is covered with an anode material. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is generally used as the anode material. 
     (2) A hole injecting layer (HIL) is formed to a thickness of 10 to 30 nm on the anode. Copper (II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) is mainly used as a material of the hole injecting layer. 
     (3) A hole transport layer (HTL) is introduced into the resulting structure. The hole transport layer is formed by depositing 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-biphenyl (NPB) to a thickness of about 30 to about 60 nm on the hole injecting layer. 
     (4) An organic light-emitting layer is formed on the hole transport layer. If necessary, a dopant may be added to a material for the organic light-emitting layer. For green light emission, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq 3 ) as a material for the organic light-emitting layer is deposited to a thickness of about 30 to about 60 nm on the hole transport layer, and N-methylquinacridone (MQD) is mainly used as the dopant. 
     (5) An electron transport layer (ETL) and an electron injecting layer (EIL) are sequentially formed on the organic light-emitting layer. Alternatively, an electron injecting/transport layer is formed on the organic light-emitting layer. In the case of green light emission, since Alq 3  has excellent electron-transport ability, the formation of the electron injecting/transport layer may be unnecessary. 
     (6) A cathode material is coated on the electron injecting layer, and finally a passivation film is covered thereon. 
     The type of the organic electroluminescent devices (i.e. blue, green and red light-emitting devices) will be determined depending on the kind of materials for the light-emitting layer. 
     In the light-emitting layer, holes injected from the anode are recombined with electrons injected from the cathode to form excitons. Singlet excitons and triplet excitons are involved in the fluorescence and phosphorescence processes, respectively. Fluorescent materials using triplet excitons, which are involved in the phosphorescence process, whose probability of formation is 75%, exhibit high luminescence efficiency, as compared to fluorescent materials using singlet excitons whose probability of formation is 25%. In particular, the luminescence efficiency of red phosphorescent materials is considerably high, compared to that of fluorescent materials. Accordingly, a number of studies associated with the use of red phosphorescent materials in organic electroluminescent devices are being made to enhance the luminescence efficiency of the organic electroluminescent devices. 
     Phosphorescent materials for use in organic EL devices must satisfy the requirements of high luminescence efficiency, high color purity and long luminescence lifetime. As shown in  FIG. 1 , as the color purity of an organic EL device using a red phosphorescent material becomes higher (i.e. as the x-values on CIE chromaticity coordinates increase), the spectral luminous efficacy of the organic EL device decreases, making it difficult to achieve high luminescence efficiency of the organic EL device. 
     Thus, there is a demand to develop a red phosphorescent compound that exhibit desirable chromaticity coordinate characteristics (CIE color purity X≧0.65), high luminescence efficiency, and long luminescence lifetime. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a red phosphorescent compound and an organic electroluminescent (EL) device using the same that substantially obviate one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. 
     An object of the present invention is to provide a compound of Formula 1 that follows. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent (EL) device with high color purity, high luminance and long lifetime which uses one of the compounds as a dopant of a light-emitting layer. 
     Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. 
     To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a red phosphorescent compound of Formula 1: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein 
                                
is
 
                                
R1 is a C 1 -C 4  alkoxy group; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl groups and C 1 -C 4  alkoxy groups; and
 
                                
is selected from 2,4-pentanedione
 
                                
2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione
 
                                
1,3-propanedione
 
                                
1,3-butanedione
 
                                
3,5-heptanedione
 
                                
1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione
 
                                
1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione
 
                                
and 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein 
                                
is
 
                                
R1 is a C 1 -C 4  alkoxy group; R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl groups and C 1 -C 4  alkoxy groups; and
 
                                
is selected from 2,4-pentanedione
 
                                
2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione
 
                                
1,3-propanedione
 
                                
1,3-butanedione
 
                                
3,5-heptanedione
 
                                
1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione
 
                                
1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione
 
                                
and 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Examples of preferred compounds that can be represented by Formula 1 include the following compounds: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescent (EL) device comprising an anode, a hole injecting layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer (ETL) and an electron injecting layer (EIL), and a cathode laminated in this order wherein the red phosphorescent compound of Formula 1 is used as a dopant of the light-emitting layer. 
     A host used in the light-emitting layer of the organic EL device according to the present invention may be selected from Al complexes, Zn complexes, and carbazole derivatives. The dopant may be preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the host. When the dopant is used within this range, the desired effects of the organic EL device can be achieved. The Al and Zn complexes may have at least one ligand selected from quinolyl, biphenyl, isoquinolyl, phenyl, naphthyl, methylquinolyl, dimethylquinolyl and dimethylisoquinolyl groups. The carbazole derivatives may be preferably 4,4′-N,N′ dicarbazole biphenyl (CBP). 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  shows a graph showing a phenomenon wherein the color purity of an organic EL device becomes higher (i.e. as the x-values on CIE chromaticity coordinates increase), the relative sensitivity of the organic EL device decreases; and 
         FIG. 2  shows the structural formulas of NPB, copper (II) phthalocyanine (CuPc), (btp) 2 Ir(acac), Alq 3 , BAlq and CBP used in Example Section according to the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention associated with a red phosphorescent compound and an organic electroluminescent (EL) device using the red phosphorescent compound according to the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the annexed drawings. 
     Hereinafter, a method for synthesizing iridium (III) (2-(3-methylphenyl)-6-methoxyquinolinato-N,C 2′ )(2,4-pentanedionate-O,O) (“A-2”), which is a red phosphorescent compound represented by Formula 1, for use in an organic electroluminescent device. 
     SYNTHESIS EXAMPLES 
     1. Synthesis of 2-(3-methylphenyl)-6-methoxyquinoline 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     3-Methylphenyl borate (1.3 mmol), 2-chloro-6-methoxyquinoline (1 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(O) (0.05 mmol) and potassium carbonate (3 mmol) were dissolved in THF (30 mL) and H 2 O (10 mL). The resulting solution was stirred in a bath at 100° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the solvents were removed. The reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane and water and distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography. The eluate was distilled under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from dichloromethane and petroleum ether, and filtered to yield 2-(3-methylphenyl)-6-methoxyquinoline as a solid. 
     2. Synthesis of Dichloro-Crosslinked Dimer Complex 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Iridium (III) chloride hydrate (1 mmol), the 2-(3-methylphenyl)-6-methoxyquinoline (2.5 mmol) and a mixed solvent (30 mL) of 2-ethoxyethanol and distilled water (3:1 (v/v) were put in a dried two-neck round-bottom flask. After the mixture was refluxed for 24 hours, water was added thereto to obtain a solid. The solid was filtered and washed with methanol and petroleum ether to yield the dichloro-crosslinked dimer complex. 
     3. Synthesis of iridium (III) (2-(3-methylphenyl)-6-methoxyquinolinato-N,C 2′ )(2,4-pentanedionate-O,O) 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     The dichloro-crosslinked dimer complex (1 mmol), 2,4-pentanedione (3 mmol), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) (6 mmol) and 2-ethoxyethanol (30 mL) were put in a dried two-neck round-bottom flask. Then, the mixture was refluxed for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and then distilled water was added thereto to obtain a solid. The solid was filtered and dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution was filtered through silica gel. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was washed with methanol and petroleum ether to yield iridium (III) (2-(3-methylphenyl)-6-methoxyquinolinato-N,C 2′ )(2,4-pentanedionate-O,O). 
     Hereinafter, a detailed description will be made of preferred examples of the present invention. The invention is not to be construed as being limited to the examples. 
     EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+A-2 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 1,052 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.5 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.648 and y=0.349. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,300 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example 2 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+A-6 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 1,095 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.2 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.651 and y=0.337. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,500 hours at 2,000 cd/M 2 . 
     Example 3 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+A-7 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 938 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 5.3 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.652 and y=0.344. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,200 hours at 2,000 cd/M 2 . 
     Comparative Example 1 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. The patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber. Then, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+(btp) 2 Ir(acac) (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to manufacture an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 780 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 7.5 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.659 and y=0.329. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 2,500 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     The organic EL devices fabricated in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 were evaluated for efficiency, CIE chromaticity coordinates, luminance and lifetime characteristics. The results are shown in Table 1. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Electric 
                   
                 Current 
                 Power 
                   
                   
                 Life time (h) 
               
               
                   
                 Voltage 
                 current 
                 Luminance 
                 efficiency 
                 efficiency 
                 CIE 
                 CIE 
                 (half the initial 
               
               
                 Device 
                 (V) 
                 (mA) 
                 (cd/m 2 ) 
                 (cd/A) 
                 (lm/W) 
                 (X) 
                 (Y) 
                 luminance) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ex. 1 
                 5.6 
                 0.9 
                 1,358 
                 13.58 
                 7.61 
                 0.648 
                 0.349 
                 4,300 
               
               
                 Ex. 2 
                 5.7 
                 0.9 
                 1,423 
                 14.23 
                 7.84 
                 0.651 
                 0.337 
                 4,500 
               
               
                 Ex. 3 
                 6.1 
                 0.9 
                 1,501 
                 15.01 
                 7.73 
                 0.652 
                 0.342 
                 4,200 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                 7.5 
                 0.9 
                 780 
                 7.8 
                 3.3 
                 0.659 
                 0.329 
                 2,500 
               
               
                 Ex. 1