Abstract:
The present radiator pertains to a planar array antenna for sending or receiving linear polarized waves, with two radiator levels each comprising radiator elements mounted in lines and columns, while the elements of each radiator level are coupled on a central point so as to be equal in phase and amplitude. Both radiator levels receive and transmit mutually perpendicular polarized waves, and each radiator element has shades ( 6 ) and a linear excitrated stripline ( 16, 16   1   , 16   a   , 16   b ). Said striplines ( 16, 16   1   , 16   a    16   b ) are linked in pairs to the branch ends ( 15, 31 ) of the coupling networks ( 1, 2 ), and the striplines ( 16, 16   1   , 16   a    16   b ) of each pair are mounted on the axis or arranged in an axially parallel configuration; the free ends of both striplines ( 15, 16   1   , 16   a,    16   b ) are connected through at least one connection line ( 32, 33, 34, 36 ) to a brunch end ( 15, 31 ), and a 180° phase difference between both radiator elements ( 6,16 ) is obtained by using at least one connection line ( 32, 33, 34 ) of a stripline ( 16, 16   1   , 16   a   , 16   b ).

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention concerns a planar array antenna for receiving and transmitting linearly polarized waves having two parallel radiator planes, each with several radiator elements arranged in rows and columns, with the radiator elements of each radiator plane being coupled over a coupling network to a central point having the same amplitude and phase, and the two radiator planes receive or emit waves polarized perpendicular to one another. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     The planar array antenna is designed as a radiator system for directional reception of extra-high frequency electromagnetic radiation fields on the basis of a planar invention concept by means of which directional information transmission systems can be operated, preferably in the areas of satellite-supported data transmission, audio transmission and video transmission. This invention primarily concerns the design of the individual radiators and their coupling to the network. 
     The scope of this invention also includes stationary and mobile telephone and information transmission based on satellite-supported communications transmission and the sector of terrestrial information transmission on the basis of defined point-to-point connections. Primary targeted application areas here include in particular the field of satellite-supported analog and digital signal transmission, preferably within the spectral range between 10.70 GHz and 12.75 GHz, as well as the field of terrestrial point-to-point transmission, preferably within the spectral range between 10.00 GHz and 10.40 GHz. 
     Planar radiator designs known at the present for reception of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation fields are based on electromagnetic excitation of slot fields with rectangular, square, circular or rhombic slot borders which are supplied electromagnetically by means of striplines with defined geometric dimensions. 
     The combination of an alternating arrangement of excited strip transmission lines or excited slots and the respective design of the slot contour determines the characteristics of the electromagnetic radiation field that can be generated. The known arrangements are based on generation of circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation fields by means of groups of slots energized in phase, with the individual slots being energized with a mutual offset of 90° in space and time by means of pair of striplines with defined geometric dimensions, or they are based on generation of linearly polarized electromagnetic radiation fields by means of groups of slots energized in phase, with the individual slots being energized by means of a stripline with defined geometric dimensions, whose geometric arrangement determines the direction of vibration of the electric field vector. Known implementations of the design of the radiator elements have also been based on the use of conductor surfaces with defined geometric dimensions, consisting of one or more of the same or different surface elements galvanically linked or linked in a field-supported manner and having area edges in the form of a square, rectangle, circle or trapezoid, leading to energization of the slot fields, with the polarization being determined on the basis of the location of the signal input. 
     Implementations going beyond this have been based on the configuration of surface resonators in microstrip technology or coplanar technology having a square, rectangular or circular surface bordering. Both galvanic and field-supported embodiments of signal input are known here. Additional known implementations have been based on microstrip configurations in ring designs or frame designs with a resonant geometric ring length or frame length. The known implementations of the excitation networks for the case of the group arrangement are based on parallel power supply to the radiator elements or parallel power supply to series-supplied radiator subgroups. Microstrip technology, slotline technology, triplate technology or coplanar technology may be used for the implementation of these coupling networks. 
     Generation of two orthogonal polarizations is based on the known status of the manner of arranging the radiator elements along the surface normals of the slots or surface resonators. Known planar directional radiator arrangements with a high directional effect are configured exclusively as narrow band systems or, for the case of satellite-supported information transmission, they are configured as single-band systems. Signal input and output take place in a known manner by way of a hollow conductor with a capacitive probe, with the hollow conductor geometry imaging the propagation condition of the type of field of the highest cut-off wavelength. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The goal of this invention is the configuration of planar transmission and reception modules by means of which directional information transmission links, both direct and transponder-supported, can be designed within the framework of the mobile terrestrial telecommunications and information transmission sector using satellite-supported telecommunications lines. 
     The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a planar array antenna whose geometric dimensions are as small as possible, with the antenna having the broadest possible spectral band with a high surface efficiency and a high directional effect. 
     This object is achieved according to this invention by a planar array antenna having the features of claim  1 . Additional advantageous embodiments are derived from the features of the subordinate claims. 
     The planar array antenna according this invention advantageously has square slots which have a much greater broad-band effect and a greater polarization purity in comparison with round slots. However, square slots have the disadvantage that they require more electromagnetic coupling plus the fact that adjacent radiator elements mutually influence one another. Furthermore, square slots take up more space, which has a negative effect on implementation of the power supply system. This is due to the fact that only the striplines of the coupling network energizing the slots can extend into the slot space, and the coupling network which connects the excited striplines to the coupling point cannot extend into the slot space. Therefore, a square slot with rounded corners is used as the optimum between electric broad band properties and the required geometric space requirements. Square or rectangular slots with other conceivable shaping of the corners or sides are also possible. 
     The individual radiator is energized by means of a piece of conductor projecting into the slot. The shape of the conductor, the shape of the borders of the slots and the position of the conductor relative to the slot determine the base point impedance of the “slot-conductor” radiator element. The radiator elements are connected at the proper impedance and in the same phase and amplitude by a power supply or coupling network which is also planar, and they are led to a common summation point (coupling point) . A parallel power supply between individual radiators is generally used here. However, this is not appropriate with individual radiators having a square slot shape due to the lack of space. Due to the need for coupling of individual radiators at the proper impedance and with low reflection and the need for impedance transformation, this yields corresponding conductor widths that largely rule out the practical implementation options. Therefore in the state of the art, at least two power supply lines must be provided between two slots, which leads to considerable electrical and mechanical problems and makes practical implementation virtually impossible. 
     This fundamental problem is solved with the present invention by using a new serial power supply technology between two adjacent radiator elements. Due to the serial power supply, it is possible to design the entire power supply system in a mechanically simplified manner while also solving the space problem in providing power to square slots. Furthermore, the electric properties of the power supply line are greatly improved, because there are no power supply lines running in parallel between the slots, and consequently there cannot be any electromagnetic coupling phenomena which would have a negative effect on the entire functioning of the system. 
     The power supply to the slots is provided through line segments arranged in alternation in the plane of the electric polarization (e-plane). Thus, all the radiator elements are always aligned and polarized in phase opposition by 180°. To guarantee in-phase power supply to all elements, a 180° phase difference is produced by phase inversion between two adjacent slots. This form of power supply also has the advantage that energized parasitic waves that are capable of propagation and occur due to asymmetries in energization of the slot by the triplate power supply line are largely eliminated by the serial power supply, and their negative effects on the electric functioning are greatly reduced. The advantageous combination of square slot with rounded corners and serial power supply leads to very good electric characteristics with regard to the polarization purity, insulation, front- to-back ratio and area efficiency. 
     The energized striplines serve to energize a type of field or vibration within the slot which is determined by the geometry and contour of the slot as well as by the geometric position and geometry of the excited stripline. This means that the design of the resulting type of field or radiation from the slot is determined by the superimposing the source condition or energization condition determined by the arrangement and geometry of the stripline on the propagation or existence condition which is determined by the contour and geometry of the slot. The field type generation of the polarization state of the slot field is determined by the specific generation of a defined impedance profile within the slot space by means of the dimensions of the excited stripline in terms of both geometry and arrangement, so that both orthogonal linear polarization and orthogonal circular polarization are generated for the case of the same slot contour. As a complementary measure, for the case of identical energization elements, i.e. the same excited striplines, the design or existence conditions of orthogonal linear polarization as well as orthogonal circular polarization are produced by means of controlled generation of defined slot elements within the slot space by means of the contour or geometric design of the slot. Linear polarization can be converted to circular polarization by means of an additional polarizer. 
     To maintain the broad-band characteristic of the individual radiator and the power supply network, a broad-band frequency coupling between the common power distribution of the antenna and the downstream electronic system (LNC) is needed. The planar array antenna according to this invention has an adapted, low-reflection, broad-band frequency transmission from a coaxial line to a triplate line. The problem with this type of coupling is the implementation of an extra-high-frequency ground connection between the external coaxial conductor (ground) and the two ground lines of a triplate line with coupling at the rear. This problem has been solved by using a hollow profile segment. A good ground connection between the hollow profile segment, the slot masks and the coaxial input or output is crucial. The “hollow profile” or “tunnel” thus formed is selected so as to permit output of the antenna signal power with the lowest possible reflection. The external form of the hollow profile segment is irrelevant for the electric properties and is determined on the basis of manufacturing factors. Thus, any desired number of mechanical hollow profile segment shapes are conceivable. The object of the present invention is explained in greater detail below together with additional embodiments thereof, as described in the following drawings also. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG.  1 : a perspective sectional drawing through the planar array antenna according to this invention. 
     FIG. 2,  3 : the coupling networks of the planar array antenna. 
     FIG.  4 : a conductive layer with slots arranged in the form of a matrix. 
     FIG.  5 : two adjacent slots together with the striplines energizing them, projecting with central symmetry into the slot space. 
     FIG.  6 : two adjacent slots with excited striplines projecting into the slot space without symmetry of their centers. 
     FIG.  7 : the two coupling networks superimposed, together with a diagram of the slot spaces. 
     FIG.  8 - 10 : examples of slot shapes. 
     FIG. 11,  12 : cross-sectional diagram through the coupling points between the coaxial waveguide and triplate network. 
     FIG.  13 : top view of a coupling point. 
     FIG.  14 : a spacer ring to form the hollow profile segment. 
     FIG.  15 : guide bushing. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     FIG. 1 shows a perspective detail drawing of the planar array antenna according to this invention, with the three conductive layers (slot masks)  3 ,  4  and  5  with the coupling networks  1  and  2  as well as the baseplate  12  being arranged plane-parallel to one another. Slots  6  of the conductive layers  3 ,  4 ,  5  are arranged one above the other, together forming the slot spaces which are energized by the coupling networks shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and in particular by the excited striplines  16   a  and  16   b  in the form of strips. Baseplate  12  is located at a distance of approximately λ/4 from the conductive layer  4  and serves to shield and reflect the radiation emitted in the direction of baseplate  12 . The interspaces between the conductive layers  3 ,  4  and  5  and the baseplate  12  and the coupling networks  1  and  2  are filled by dielectric layers  7 ,  8 ,  9 ,  10  and  11 , with the dielectric layers being made of films or mats and placed in position between the individual layers. The conductive layers  3  and  4  together with their slots  6  and the coupling network  1  form n×m radiator elements. The conductive layers  4  and  5  with their slots  6  together with coupling network  2  likewise form nxm radiator elements. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, all the excited striplines  16   a  and  16   b  are coupled by the coupling networks in the same phase and amplitude to a central coupling point  17  or  22  within the network plane. Each coupling network consists of trunk branches  13   a′  and  13   b′  to which additional branches  13   a ,  13   b ,  14   a ,  14   b  are connected. The last branch of the network before reaching the excited striplines is referred to below as a branch. As shown in FIG. 5, the first excited stripline  16  is connected to this branch  15 ,  31  by a short connecting line  36 . A U-shaped connecting line  32 ,  33 ,  34  is also connected to branch  15 ,  31  with one leg  32 , the other leg  34  being connected at a right angle to the second excited stripline  16  by an additional short connecting line  35 . The two excited striplines  16  connected to branch  15 ,  31  together form a group of two. Stripline  16   a  of coupling network  1  and stripline  16   b  of coupling network  2 , each lying on a line, together form one row of a coupling network. The striplines which are arranged parallel to one another each form a column. As shown in FIG. 6, it is also possible for the striplines  16 ′ forming a group of two not to be arranged on one row but instead to be axially parallel to one another. This determines the energization or impedance of the planar array antenna. 
     The geometric length and the arrangement in terms of the coupling profile of the U-shaped connecting line  32 ,  33 ,  34  are designed so that the condition of phase opposition is created between the first and second row slots, the third and fourth row slots, the fifth and sixth row slots, etc., taking into account the mutual slot coupling in the plane of the electric field vector. 
     The connecting line  32 ,  33 ,  34  that serves the function of the 180° phase shift need not be U-shaped but instead may have any other desired shape and form. However, the U shape has great advantages in terms of the space required. 
     The excited striplines  16   a ,  16   b  are arranged with center symmetry (FIG. 5) or without center symmetry (FIG.  6 ), preferably with center symmetry with the one edge  6   b  of slot  6 . Striplines  16   a ,  16   b  run perpendicular to one another. This yields the possibility of generating decoupled orthogonal linear polarization or the possibility of generating coupled and phase-offset orthogonal polarization or circular polarization with opposite directions of rotation of the field vector. 
     As FIG. 7 shows, the individual excited striplines  16   a ,  16   b  of coupling networks  1  and  2  are arranged orthogonal to one another so that two orthogonally polarized waves can be sent and received by means of the planar array antenna according to this invention. 
     FIGS. 8 through 10 show different slot edges. FIG. 8 shows a square slot  6  with straight edges  6   b  connected to one another by means of arc-shaped segments  6   c . FIG. 9 also shows a square slot  6 ′ with the corners  6   c ′ being chamfered. 
     Another possibility of varying or adjusting the broad-band characteristic of the planar array antenna by means of the slot borders is illustrated in FIG. 10, where the edges  6   b″ are not straight but instead they are indented in a circular, elliptical or hyperbolic shape. 
     Slot 6 of the individual conducting layers  3 ,  4  and  5  are each arranged relative to one another in such a way that the points of intersection of their lines of symmetry are arranged one above the other. As shown in FIG. 4, the slots  6  of one plane are arranged at equal distances from one another. However it is also possible for the slots to be arranged at unequal distances from one another in a plane. The slots may also be arranged so they are shifted in rows or columns relative to one another. 
     The dielectric layers  7 ,  8 ,  9 ,  10  and  11  may have the same or different susceptibility profiles. The individual layers may either be homogeneous or they may be configured using more than one partial layer with the same or different layer height, preferably the same layer height, and the same or different dielectric susceptibility profile, preferably the same dielectric susceptibility profile. The coupling network is either carrier-free or is guided mechanically and stabilized by means of a layer having a low dielectric constant, preferably a low-dielectric film with a minimum dielectric loss angle. The configuration of the coupling networks together with the excited striplines is accomplished by means of additive techniques or subtractive methods, preferably subtractive methods, preferably using PTFE or PET compositions, polyethylene compositions, poly-4-methylpentene or poly-4-methylhexene as the structure carrier. 
     As shown in the figures, each coupling network  1  and  2  has trunk branches  13   a ,  13   b  (FIGS. 2 and 3) and  51  (FIG.  13 ), each of which connects half of the coupling network to the coupling point. Between the trunk branches  51 , there is a linear stripline section  50  which serves to establish a galvanic connection between the planar array antenna and the downstream low-noise converter (LNC) (not shown) centrally with the central carrier wire  42  of a coaxial waveguide. The central carrier wire  42  which passes through conductor  50  is preferably galvanically connected to it by means of a solder connection. The stripline section  50  is bordered by two projections  43   a  of a spacer ring  43  at the same distance in each case. Projections  43   a  and  43   a′  connect the conductive layers  3  and  4  or  4  and  5  to one another in such a way as to form a hollow profile segment. This hollow profile segment is preferably rectangular, but it may also be circular or elliptical. The length of the stripline  50  is determined by the required impedance and the conduction conditions. As shown in FIG. 11, an external conductor part  40  is arranged on the baseplate  12  and it has a projection  40   a  extending through the baseplate in the direction of the low-noise converter. This external conductor part  40  may optionally be screwed to the baseplate  12 . To do so, an outside thread is required on the external conductor part  40   a  in the area of baseplate  12 , which in turn must have a matching inside thread. The external conductor  40  is in contact with baseplate  12  at its collar  40   b . This collar  40   b  has a quadrilateral or hexagonal shape so it can work together with a wrench. In the direction of the conductive layers  3 ,  4 ,  5 , a cylindrical part  40   c  in particular follows collar  40   b  and forms the contact surface for spacer ring  43  on its end face. Another cylindrical projection  40   d  with a smaller diameter follows the projection  40   c  forming the collar with a taper. Spacer ring  43  reaches around this projection  40   d , which also passes for conductive layer  5 , ending flush with its surface. The external conductor part  40  together with the central carrier wire  42  and the bushing  41  made of a nonconducting material form a coaxial waveguide for connection to the downstream low-noise converter. 
     Projection  40   a  passing through baseplate  12  has an outside thread for attaching the low-noise converter. The thickness of the baseplate  43   b  of the spacer ring  43  together with the length of the cylindrical part  40   c  and the length of the collar  40   b  together corresponds to the distance between the baseplate and the conductive layer  5 . Additional spacer sleeves  45  keep the baseplate  12  and the conductive layer  5  at a distance. The conductive layers  4  and  5  are pressed together and held there by means of screws  47 . Corresponding boreholes or recesses  46 ,  30  are provided for this purpose in the conductive layers  4  and  5 . The network plane  2  also has a corresponding borehole  24 . 
     FIG. 12 shows the coupling between the coaxial waveguide and the triplate waveguide of network  1 . For this purpose, the spacer ring  43 ′ which is made of a conductive material connects the two conductive layers  3 ,  4  and also passes through the network plane  1 . The conductive layers  3  and  4  are subjected to pressure with respect to one another by means of spacer bushings  45 ′ and the respective screws  47 ′. The conductive external conductor part  40 ′ connects the baseplate  12  to the spacer ring  43 ′ in a conducting manner, so that baseplate  12  and the conducting layers  3 ,  4  are at the same potential. All the parts in FIG. 12 correspond in function to those shown in FIG.  11 . Therefore, parts with the same function are labeled with the same reference notation, but with the added prime symbol (′). 
     Relevant dimensions of the planar array antenna for receiving waves of the frequency range between approximately 10 GHz and 13 GHz are given below. 
     The distance between the baseplate  12  and the conductive layer  5  is 4 mm and is adjusted by the spacer bushings  45  and the guide bushings  54  according to FIG.  15  and the external conductor  40  together with the spacer ring  43 . The interspace between the baseplate  12  and the conductive layer  5  is filled with a foam mat whose ∈ r  value is approximately 1. A polyethylene foam film 1 mm thick is provided between a conductive layer  3 ,  4 ,  5  and the adjacent coupling network  1  or  2 . The conductive layers are made of sheet aluminum 0.5 mm thick. A coupling network  1  or  2  which is arranged on an optionally fiberglass-reinforced PTFE film (TLY) or PET film with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 127 μm is provided between conducting layers  3 ,  4  and  5  with center symmetry. 
     Spacer ring  43  has an outside diameter of 12 mm. The inside diameter of the axial bore  43   c  is 5 mm. Groove  43   d  has a width of 6 mm. The width of the trunk branches  51  according to FIG. 13 is 2.1 mm, and the width of the stripline  50  is 1.2 mm. In the area of the galvanic solder connection between the central carrier wire  42  and stripline  50 , stripline  50  is designed with thickened area, especially by means of circular segment sections with a radius of 0.85 mm. The height of baseplate  43   b  of spacer ring  43  is 2 mm. The height of the projections  43   a  is 2.625 mm. The slots have a width and length of 16 mm each. The corners are rounded, with the rounding corresponding to a circular segment with a radius of 5 mm. The center points of the slots  6  are spaced a distance of 21.5 mm apart from one another. 
     The excited striplines  16   a  for the horizontal plane have a length of 6 mm and a width of 1.5 mm. The distance between the two legs of the U-shaped connecting line  33  is 2.3 mm. The radius of the circular section is 1.15 mm. The distance from the edge  6   b  of a slot to the center line of the next leg  32 ,  34  is 1.6 mm. The length of branch  31   a  is 5 mm. The geometry of the radiator elements for the vertical plane differs only insignificantly from that of the radiator elements of the horizontal plane. The shape of the slot is the same. The length of the excited striplines  16   b  is 6 mm. However, the width of the excited striplines  16   b  is 1 mm. 
     It is self-evident that the size information given here is valid only for a certain frequency band and for materials that are selected accordingly. The geometries must be selected according to the required frequency spectrum of the planar array antenna. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Notation: 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 1, 2 
                 coupling networks with excited striplines 
               
               
                   
                 3, 4, 5 
                 conductive layers with slots 6 arranged in a 
               
               
                   
                   
                 matrix 
               
               
                   
                 6, 6′, 6″ 
                 slots 
               
               
                   
                 6a 
                 interspace between the slots 
               
               
                   
                 6b, 6b′, 6b″ 
                 edges of the slot 
               
               
                   
                 7, 8, 9, 
                 dielectric layers 
               
               
                   
                 10, 11 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 baseplate 
               
               
                   
                 13a, 14a, 
                 branches of the coupling network 
               
               
                   
                 13b, 14b 
               
               
                   
                 13a, 13b′, 50 
                 trunk branch connected galvanically to the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 central carrier wire 
               
               
                   
                 15, 15a, 15b, 
                 branch to which the excited stiplines 16, 
               
               
                   
                 31, 31a, 31b 
                 16′, 16a, 16b are connected 
               
               
                   
                 16, 16′, 
               
               
                   
                 16a, 16b 
                 excited striplines 
               
               
                   
                 17, 22 
                 coupling point; galvanic connecting point 
               
               
                   
                   
                 between the central carrier wire and the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 trunk branch 
               
               
                   
                 18, 24 
                 bores/recess for screws 47, 47′ 
               
               
                   
                 19a, 19b, 25 
                 bores for guide bushing 54 
               
               
                   
                 20, 23 
                 recesses for the projections 43a, 43a′ of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 spacer ring 43, 43′ passing through the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 coupling network 
               
               
                   
                 21 
                 recess for the external conductor part 40′ 
               
               
                   
                 26 
                 bore for the cylindrical part 40d of the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 external conductor part 40′ 
               
               
                   
                 27 
                 bores for the spacer bushings 45′ 
               
               
                   
                 28 
                 bore for the cylindrical part 40d of the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 external conductor part 40 
               
               
                   
                 29 
                 bore for the projections 43a of spacer ring 
               
               
                   
                   
                 43 passing through coupling network 2 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 bores 
               
               
                   
                 32, 34 
                 legs of the U-shaped connecting line 
               
               
                   
                 33, 33a, 33b 
                 U-shaped connecting line 
               
               
                   
                 35, 36 
                 short connecting lines to the excited 
               
               
                   
                   
                 striplines 
               
               
                   
                 40, 40′ 
                 external conductor part 
               
               
                   
                 40a, 40a′ 
                 part passing through baseplate 12 
               
               
                   
                 40b, 40b′ 
                 part of the external conductor part in flat 
               
               
                   
                   
                 contact with the surface of baseplate 12 
               
               
                   
                 40c, 40c′ 
                 part forming the collar in contact with 
               
               
                   
                   
                 spacer ring 43, 43′ 
               
               
                   
                 40d, 40d′ 
                 additional collar of the external conductor 
               
               
                   
                   
                 passing through the conducting layer and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 ending flush with it 
               
               
                   
                 40e, 40e′ 
                 outer thread for attaching coaxial 
               
               
                   
                   
                 waveguides or a low-noise converter 
               
               
                   
                 41, 41′ 
                 insulating bushing between the central 
               
               
                   
                   
                 carrier wire 42, 42′ and the external 
               
               
                   
                   
                 conductor 40, 40′ 
               
               
                   
                 42, 42′ 
                 central carrier wire 
               
               
                   
                 43, 43′ 
                 spacer ring 
               
               
                   
                 43a, 43a′ 
                 projections passing through the conductive 
               
               
                   
                   
                 layer and the coupling network, forming the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 side walls of groove 43d 
               
               
                   
                 43b 
                 baseplate of the spacer ring 43 
               
               
                   
                 43c 
                 axial bore 
               
               
                   
                 43d 
                 groove forming the hollow profile segment 
               
               
                   
                 44, 44′ 
                 solder connection between the central 
               
               
                   
                   
                 carrier wire 42, 42′ and the trunk branch of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 the coupling network 
               
               
                   
                 45, 45′ 
                 spacer, in particular a rivet bushing made 
               
               
                   
                   
                 of a conductive or nonconductive material 
               
               
                   
                 45a, 45a′ 
                 section of the spacer 45, 45′ driven into 
               
               
                   
                   
                 the baseplate 
               
               
                   
                 45b, 45b′ 
                 inside thread of the spacer 45, 45′ 
               
               
                   
                 46, 46′ 
                 bore or recess for the conductive screw 47, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 47′ passing through 
               
               
                   
                 47, 47′ 
                 screw made of a conductive or a 
               
               
                   
                   
                 nonconductive material 
               
               
                   
                 47a, 47a′ 
                 outside thread of the screw 47 
               
               
                   
                 47b, 47b′ 
                 head of the screw 47 
               
               
                   
                 48, 49′ 
                 spacer element 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                 linear stripline, arranged with center 
               
               
                   
                   
                 symmetry with the edges of the groove 43d of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 the spacer ring 43 formed by the projections 
               
               
                   
                   
                 43a 
               
               
                   
                 51 
                 trunk branches of the coupling network 
               
               
                   
                 54 
                 guide bushing 
               
               
                   
                 55 
                 section of the guide bushing with an 
               
               
                   
                   
                 enlarged diameter for adjusting the space 
               
               
                   
                   
                 between the baseplate and the conductive 
               
               
                   
                   
                 layer 5 
               
               
                   
                 56 
                 blind hole with an inside thread 
               
               
                   
                 58 
                 contact surface on the baseplate 12 
               
               
                   
                 59 
                 contact surface on the conductive layer 5