Abstract:
An individual mirror is used to construct a facet mirror. A mirror body of the individual mirror is configured to be tiltable relative to a rigid carrier body about at least one tilting axis of a tilting joint. The tilting joint is configured as a solid-body joint. The solid-body joint, perpendicular to the tilting axis, has a joint thickness S and, along the tilting axis, a joint length L. The following applies: L/S&gt;50. The result is an individual mirror to construct a facet mirror, which can be reproduced and is precisely adjustable and simultaneously ensures adequate heat removal, in particular, heat produced by residually absorbed useful radiation, which is reflected by the individual mirror, by dissipation of the heat by the mirror body.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35 USC 120 to, international application PCT/EP2010/000044, filed Jan. 8, 2010. International application PCT/EP2010/00004 claims benefit of German Application No. 10 2009 000 099.2, filed Jan. 9, 2002 and international application PCT/EP2010/000044 claims priority under 35 USC 119(e) of U.S. Ser. No. 61/143,456, filed Jan. 9, 2009. International application PCT/EP2010/000044 is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The disclosure relates to an individual mirror for constructing a facet mirror, in particular for use as a bundle-guiding optical component in a projection exposure system for microlithography. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Facet mirrors constructed from individual mirrors are known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,438,199 B1 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,658,084 B2. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure provides an individual mirror for constructing a facet mirror, which, with a compact arrangement for tilting a reflection face of the individual mirror, ensures adequately high adjusting forces. 
     It was recognised that an individual mirror with the actuator according to the disclosure with a compact arrangement allows the production of adjusting forces in the mN-range, which, with a typical microconfiguration of the solid-body joint, are sufficient to produce a desired tilting of the individual mirror. Corresponding actuators are also known as zipping actuators (moving wedge actuators or rolling closure actuators) and described for example in the specialist article by J. Li et al. “Deep-Reactive Ion-Etched Compliant Starting Zone Electrostatic Zipping Actuators” Journal of Micromechanical Systems, VOL. 14, NO. 6, 2005 and the specialist article by M. A. Rosa et al. “A novel external electrode configuration for the elastrostatic actuation of MEMS based devices”, J. Micromech. Microeng., 14, 2004. 
     Three or four actuators, each with a movement electrode, can be advantageous to ensure an adequately high number of degrees of freedom of movement. The edge form of the reflection face may be adapted to the number of movement electrodes. If three movement electrodes are used, the reflection face of the individual mirror may, for example, be triangular. An edge form of the individual mirror is preferred, with which a gapless tiling of a total reflection face of a facet mirror with identically edged individual mirrors can be provided. 
     A curved movement electrode can provide the possibility of continuously increasing the contact face portion when applying a voltage between the movement electrode and the counter-electrode, the spacing between the movement electrode and the counter-electrode in the spacing face portion being reduced, so a high electrical field strength with a correspondingly large adjusting force results there. 
     Rectangular base face designs or spiral base face designs of a movement electrode can be particularly suitable for providing compact adjusting arrangements. A spiral design is particularly compact here. 
     A progressively increasing electrode spacing in the spacing face portion can provide the possibility of a respective self-reinforcing force development with increasingly applied electrical voltage between the electrodes. 
     Certain voltage inputs, even in a neutral position, allow a precisely defined positioning of the mirror body with respect to the carrier body to be brought about. The neutral position is not then predetermined by the force-free state of the at least one solid-body joint. 
     The disclosure also provides an individual mirror to construct a facet mirror, which can be reproduced and precisely adjusted, and simultaneously ensures adequate heat removal, in particular produced by residually absorbed useful radiation, which is reflected by the individual mirror, by dissipating the heat by the mirror body. 
     The size ratio of the joint length to the joint thickness, with given low rigidity, in particular to achieve an adjusting displacement with low force outlay, ensures that adequate heat dissipation from the mirror body to the carrier body is ensured by the solid-body joint. The joint length, which is great in contrast to the joint thickness, in this case ensures an adequately large heat transmission cross section through the solid-body joint. Owing to the joint thickness, which is small in relation to the joint length, a given angle deflection of the mirror body is possible with a low force outlay to adjust the individual mirror. This provides the possibility of using an actuator system for tilting the mirror body, which manages with low forces and therefore can be very compact in design, for example. The actuators which can be used to tilt the mirror body, in particular, are those which are used in the construction of conventional micromirror arrays. Micromirror arrangements of this type are known to the person skilled in the art under the keyword “MEMS” (microelectromechanical systems) for example from EP 1 289 273 A1. In comparison to known torsion suspensions of micro mirrors (cf. Yeow et al., Sensors and Actuators A 117 (2005), 331-340) with a very much smaller length/thickness ratio, the heat transfer when using the solid-body joints according to the disclosure is significantly improved. This is advantageous, in particular, if heat has to be dissipated because of significant residual absorption by the mirror body, as is the case, for example, when using EUV radiation as useful radiation reflected by the individual mirror. In addition, the heat transfer between the mirror body and the carrier body can be further improved, for example, by using microchannels in the carrier body, which allow active cooling with an, in particular, laminarly through-flowing cooling liquid. 
     Two tilting joints can allow a variable adjustment of a deflection angle for useful radiation impinging on the mirror body. 
     A functional separation of the individual mirror bodies involved can allow a structurally simple design thereof. 
     A configuration with two solid-body joints can allow good heat transfer via the two solid-body joints. In particular, good heat transfer is possible from the mirror body via the intermediate body to the carrier body. 
     Separate solid-body joint portions can lead to a reduction in the flexural rigidity of the solid-body joint. 
     An, in particular, capacitively acting electrode actuator can be produced compactly and with microprocessing techniques. At a given heat transfer, a solid-body joint which is flexurally rigid to such a small extent can be realised via the ratio according to the disclosure of the joint length and joint thickness, in such a way that typical forces, which can be produced by an electrode actuator of this type and are, for example, in the mN-range, are sufficient to produce the desired tilting angle. 
     A force-free space of the electrode, on the one hand, can lead to the production of high field strengths and, on the other hand, is adequate to produce the generally desired small tilting angles. 
     An actuator with an electrode stack can lead to the possibility of producing in total high adjusting forces at a given absolute voltage difference between adjacent electrodes. 
     The advantages of the actuator of an individual mirror can correspond to those which have already been discussed above. This actuator can be developed in such a way as has already been discussed above. 
     A reflection face can be suitable for the configuration of the facet mirror according to the disclosure. Optionally, the mirror face may also be smaller and, for example, have a dimension which spans the mirror face and is in the range of a few tenths of millimeters. Larger mirror faces such as 1 mm 2  are also possible. The reflection face may have a rectangular, hexagonal or else a triangular edge form. Other polygonal edge shapings, for example pentagonal, are also possible. 
     A tilting axis course can allow a precise adjustment of the useful radiation. If the tilting axis is located in the plane of the mirror face, a tilting of the individual mirror does not lead to an offset of the emergent useful radiation or at most to a very small offset. 
     A side arrangement of the tilting joint can allow a compact structure with regard to the overall depth. 
     Certain tilting joint arrangements can avoid dead areas on the plane of the reflection face of the mirror body. Reflection faces of adjacent individual mirrors can then be arranged close-packed and practically without an intermediate space. 
     Electrodes arranged separately from one another can allow an adjustment of the mirror body relative to the carrier body with several degrees of freedom. 
     A quadrant-wise arrangement of four electrodes can simplify the activation outlay for an electrode actuator system of the individual mirror for specifying, for example, changes running in a targeted linear manner to a deflection of the incident useful radiation by the individual mirror. 
     The advantages of a facet mirror can correspond to those which have already been described above in conjunction with the individual mirror according to the disclosure. The facet mirror may have precisely one individual mirror according to the disclosure. The facet mirror may have a plurality of individual mirrors according to the disclosure. 
     The facet mirror may have more than 50, more than 100, more than 200, more than 500 or else more than 1000 individual mirrors according to the disclosure. 
     When using certain facet mirrors, a variability in the adjustment of various illumination geometries of an object field to be exposed is increased when using the facet mirror in a projection exposure system. 
     The sub-division of the facet mirror into a large number of individual mirrors, which can be tilted independently of one another, allows a variable specification of sub-divisions of the facet mirror into individual mirror groups. This can be used to produce groupings with various edges, to thus, for example, ensure an adaptation to the shape of an object field to be illuminated. The individual activatability of the individual mirror ensures that a large number of different illuminations of the object field is possible without thus losing light through shadings. In particular, an adaptation of an illumination optical system, within which the facet mirror can be used, to optical parameters of a radiation source is possible, for example to a beam divergence or an intensity distribution over the beam cross section. The facet mirror can be configured in such a way that a plurality of individual mirror groups in each case per se illuminates the total object field. More than 10, more than 50 or else more than 100 individual mirror groups of this type may be provided in the facet mirror according to the disclosure. An individual mirror illumination channel is that part of the beam path of a bundle of the illumination radiation guided by the facet mirror which is guided by precisely one of the individual mirrors of the facet mirror. According to the disclosure, at least two individual mirror illumination channels of this type are used to illuminate the whole object field. In the facet mirrors according to U.S. Pat. No. 6,438,199 B1 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,658,084 B2, the individual mirror illumination channels each illuminate object field portions, the size of which corresponds to the object field. 
     The advantages of an illumination optical system can correspond to those which have already been listed above with reference to the facet mirror according to the disclosure. 
     Both a field facet mirror sub-divided according to the disclosure into individual mirrors and a pupil facet mirror sub-divided according to the disclosure into individual mirrors can preferably be used within the illumination optical system. A specific illumination angle distribution, in other wards an illumination setting, can then be realised practically without loss of light by a corresponding grouping of the individual mirror groups on the field facet mirror and the pupil facet mirrors. According to the disclosure, a specular reflector in the manner of that which is described, for example, in US 2006/0132747 A1, can also be sub-divided into individual mirrors. As both the intensity and the illumination angle distribution in the object field is adjusted with the specular reflector, the addition variability because of the sub-division into individual mirrors comes to the fore particularly well here. 
     An illumination optical system may, for example, combine the advantages of a field facet mirror constructed from individual mirrors with those of a pupil facet mirror constructed from individual mirrors. The adjustment of the most varied illumination settings is possible practically without loss of light. The pupil facet mirror may have a larger number of individual mirrors than the field facet mirror located upstream. With the field facet mirror located upstream, various illumination forms of the pupil facet mirror and therefore various illumination settings of the illumination optical system can then be realised, if the facets can be correspondingly displaced by an actuator, in particular tilted, for adjustment. 
     The advantages of a projection exposure system can correspond to those which have already been discussed above. 
     A projection exposure system can allow for high structural resolution. 
     The advantages of a production method and a microstructured component can correspond to those which have already been described above. Microstructured components with high integration densities through to the sub-micrometer range can be realised. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments of the disclosure will be described in more detail below with the aid of the drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  schematically shows a meridional section through a projection exposure system for EUV projection lithography; 
         FIG. 2  schematically shows a plan view of a field facet mirror constructed from individual mirrors for use in the projection exposure system according to  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  shows a plan view of an individual mirror for constructing the field facet mirror according to  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  shows a view of the individual mirror from the viewing direction IV in  FIG. 3 , a reflection face of the individual mirror being shown in an untilted neutral position; 
         FIG. 5  shows a detail enlargement from  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  shows a view of the individual mirror from the viewing direction VI in  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 7  shows the individual mirror in a tilting position tilted by an actuator in a view similar to  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 8  shows a further configuration of an individual mirror in a view similar to  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 9  shows the individual mirror according to  FIG. 8  in a view similar to  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 10  shows an exploded view of a further configuration of an individual mirror to construct the facet mirror according to  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 11  shows a perspective view of the configuration of the individual mirror according to  FIG. 10  in a tilting position, in which a mirror plate is tilted relative to a carrier substrate about one of two tilting axes which can be activated by an actuator; 
         FIG. 12  shows the individual mirror according to  FIGS. 10 and 11  in a view similar to  FIG. 11 , the face being shown tilted relative to the carrier substrate about the two tilting axes; 
         FIG. 13  shows a detail of a tilting joint configured as a solid-body joint, of the individual mirror of one of the configurations according to  FIGS. 3 to 12 ; 
         FIG. 14  shows a further configuration of an individual mirror for constructing the facet mirror according to  FIG. 2  in a view similar to  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 15  schematically shows a configuration of an electrostatic capacitive moving wedge actuator for the controlled tilting of a mirror body of the individual mirrors according to  FIGS. 3 to 14 , no voltage being applied between two electrodes of the actuator; 
         FIG. 16  shows the actuator according to  FIG. 15 , a voltage being applied between the electrodes thereof; 
         FIG. 17  shows, in a view similar to  FIG. 8 , a further configuration of an individual mirror for constructing the facet mirror according to  FIG. 2 , shown in a neutral position, actuators according to  FIGS. 15 and 16  being used; 
         FIG. 18  shows the individual mirror according to  FIG. 17 , shown in a first tilting position about a first of its two tilting axes; 
         FIG. 19  shows the individual mirror according to  FIG. 17 , shown in a second tilting position in the opposite direction compared to  FIG. 18 , tilted about the same tilting axis as in the view according to  FIG. 18 ; 
         FIG. 20  shows a variant of the electrode arrangement of tilting actuators of the configuration of the individual mirror according to  FIG. 17 ; 
         FIG. 21  shows an exploded view of the individual mirror similar to  FIG. 10 , with the electrode arrangement according to  FIG. 20 ; 
         FIG. 22  shows a side view of the individual mirror with the electrode arrangement according to  FIG. 20 ; 
         FIG. 23  shows a perspective view of the individual mirror with the electrode arrangement according to  FIG. 20 ; 
         FIG. 24  shows a variant of the electrode arrangement of tilting actuators of the configuration of the individual mirror according to  FIG. 17 ; 
         FIG. 25  shows an exploded view similar to  FIG. 10 , of the individual mirror with the electrode arrangement according to  FIG. 24 ; 
         FIG. 26  shows a side view of the individual mirror with the electrode arrangement according to  FIG. 24 ; 
         FIG. 27  shows a perspective view of the individual mirror with the electrode arrangement according to  FIG. 24 ; 
         FIG. 28  schematically shows, in a view similar to  FIG. 18 , a further configuration of an individual mirror for constructing the facet mirror according to  FIG. 2  with a further configuration of a tilting actuator with an electrode stack; 
         FIG. 29  shows, in a view similar to  FIG. 17 , a further configuration of an individual mirror for constructing the facet mirror according to  FIG. 2  with a configuration of tilting actuators corresponding to  FIG. 28 ; 
         FIG. 30  shows a view similar to  FIG. 18  of the individual mirror according to  FIG. 29 ; 
         FIG. 31  perspectively shows a further configuration of an individual mirror which can be tilted by an actuator; 
         FIG. 32  shows a plan view of the individual mirror according to  FIG. 31 ; 
         FIG. 33  shows a side view of the individual mirror according to  FIG. 31 ; and 
         FIG. 34  shows an exploded view of the individual mirror according to  FIG. 31 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  schematically shows, in a meridional section, a projection exposure system  1  for microlithography. An illumination system  2  of the projection exposure system  1 , apart from a radiation source  3 , has an illumination optical system  4  for exposing an object field  5  in an object plane  6 . A reticle, not shown in the drawing and arranged in the object field  5  is exposed here, and is held by a reticle holder, also not shown. A projection optical system  7  is used to image the object field  5  in an image field  8  in an image plane  9 . The structure on the reticle is imaged on a light-sensitive layer of a wafer, which is arranged in the region of the image field  8  in the image plane  9  and which is also not shown in the drawing and is held by a wafer holder, also not shown. 
     The radiation source  3  is a EUV radiation source with an emitted useful radiation in the range between 5 nm and 30 nm. This may be a plasma source, for example a GDPP source (Gas Discharge-Produced Plasma) or an LPP source (Laser-Produced Plasma). A radiation source, which is based on a synchrotron, can also be used for the radiation source  3 . Information with regard to a radiation source of this type can be found by the person skilled in the art, for example, from U.S. Pat. No. 6,859,515 B2. EUV radiation  10 , which is emitted by the radiation source  3 , is bundled by a collector  11 . A corresponding collector is known from EP 1 225 481 A. After the collector  11 , the EUV radiation  10  propagates through an intermediate focus plane  12 , before it impinges on a field facet mirror  13 . The field facet mirror  13  is arranged in a plane of the illumination optical system  4 , which is optically conjugated to the object plane  6 . 
     The EUV radiation  10  is also called illumination light or imaging light below. 
     After the field facet mirror  13 , the EUV radiation  10  is reflected by a pupil facet mirror  14 . The pupil facet mirror  14  is arranged in a pupil plane of the illumination optical system  4 , which is optically conjugated to a pupil plane of the projection optical system  7 . With the aid of the pupil facet mirror  14  and an imaging optical assembly in the form of a transmission optical system  15  with mirrors  16 ,  17  and  18  designated in the order of the beam path, field individual facets, which will be described in more detail below and which are also called sub-fields or individual mirror groups, of the field facet mirror  13  are imaged in the object field  5 . The last mirror  18  of the transmission optical system  15  is a grazing incidence mirror. 
       FIG. 2  shows details of the construction of the field facet mirror  13  in a highly schematic view. A total reflection face  20  of the field facet mirror  13  is divided line-wise and column-wise into a raster of individual mirrors  21 . The individual reflection faces of the individual mirrors  21  are planar. An individual mirror line  22  has a plurality of individual mirrors  21  arranged directly next to one another. Several tens to several hundreds of individual mirrors  21  may be provided in an individual mirror line  22 . In the example according to  FIG. 2 , the individual mirrors  21  are square. Other forms of individual mirrors, which allow the reflection face  20  to be occupied without gaps as far as possible, can be used. Alternative individual mirror forms of this type are known from the mathematical theory of tiling. In this context reference is made to Istvan Reimann: “Parkette, geometrisch betrachtet”, in “Mathematisches Mosaik”, Cologne (1977), and Jan Gulberg: “Mathematics—From the birth of numbers”, New York/London (1997). 
     The filed facet mirror  13  may, for example, be configured as described in DE 10 2006 036 064 A1. 
     An individual mirror column  23 , depending on the configuration of the field facet mirror  13 , also has a plurality of individual mirrors  21 . Per individual mirror column  23 , some tens of individual mirrors  21  are provided, for example. 
     To facilitate the description of positional relationships, a Cartesian xyz coordinates system is drawn in  FIG. 2  as a local coordinates system of the field facet mirror  13 . Corresponding local xyz coordinates systems are also found in the following figures, which show facet mirrors or a detail thereof in plan view. In  FIG. 2 , the x-axis runs horizontally to the right parallel to the individual mirror lines  22 . The y-axis in  FIG. 2  runs upwardly parallel to the individual columns  23 . The z-axis is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of  FIG. 2  and runs out of it. 
     During the projection exposure, the reticle holder and the wafer holder are scanned synchronously with respect to one another in the y-direction. A small angle between the scanning direction and the y-direction is also possible, as will be explained. 
     In the x-direction, the reflection face  20  of the field facet mirror  13  has an extent of x 0 . In the y-direction, the reflection face  20  of the field facet mirror  13  has an extent of y 0 . 
     Depending on the configuration of the field facet mirror  13 , the individual mirrors  21  have x/y-extents in the region, for example, of 600 μm×600 μm to, for example, 2 mm×2 mm. The entire field facet mirror  13  has an x 0 /y 0 -extent, which, depending on the configuration is 300 mm×300 mm or 600 mm×600 mm, for example. The field individual facets have typical x/y-extents of 25 mm×4 mm or of 104 mm×8 mm. Depending on the ratio between the size of the respective field individual facets and the size of the individual mirrors  21 , which build up these field individual facets, each of the field individual facets has a corresponding number of individual mirrors  21 . 
     Each of the individual mirrors  21  is in each case connected to an actuator  24  for the individual deflection of impinging illumination light  10 , as shown by dashed lines in  FIG. 2  with the aid of two individual mirrors  21  arranged in a corner at the bottom left of the reflection face  20  and shown in more detail in  FIG. 3  with the aid of a detail of an individual facet line  22 . The actuators  24  are arranged on the side of each of the individual mirrors  21  remote from a reflective side of the individual mirrors  21 . The actuators  24  may, for example, be configured as piezo actuators. Configurations of actuators of this type are known from the structure of micromirror arrays. 
     The actuators  24  of an individual mirror line  22  are in each case connected by signal lines to a line signal bus  26 . One individual mirror line  22  is allocated in each case to one of the line signal buses  26 . The line signal buses  26  of the individual mirror lines  22  are in turn connected to a main signal bus  27 . The latter has a signal connection to a control device  28  of the field facet mirror  13 . The control device  28  is configured, in particular, for row-wise, in other words line-wise or column-wise, joint activation of the individual mirrors  21 . 
     Each of the individual mirrors  21  can be tilted individually independently about two tilting axes, which are perpendicular to one another, a first of these tilting axes extending parallel to the x-axis and the second of these two tilting axes extending parallel to the y-axis. The two tilting axes are located in the individual reflection faces of the respective individual mirrors  21 . 
     The individual mirrors  21  may, for example, be realised in the manner of a micromirror array (MMA array), in which the individual mirrors are moveably mounted by spring joints attached at the side and can be electrostatically actuated. Micromirror arrangements of this type are known to the person skilled in the art under the keyword “MEMS” (microelectromechanical systems) for example from EP 1 289 273 A1. 
     In the embodiments described above, the individual mirrors  21  provide illumination channels for superimposing the EUV radiation  10 , in other words the illumination radiation, in the object field  5  of the projection exposure system  1 . The individual mirrors  21  have mirror faces with an extent such that these individual mirror illumination channels in the object field  5  illuminate object portions, which are smaller than the object field  5 . 
     The individual mirrors  21  may have a multi-layer coating with individual layers of molybdenum and silicon, so the reflectivity of the individual mirrors  21  is optimised for the EUV wavelength used. 
     An embodiment of an individual mirror, for example one of the individual mirrors  21  for constructing the field facet mirror  13  according to  FIG. 2  will be described below in more detail with the aid of  FIGS. 3 to 7 . Components which correspond to those which have already been described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 2  have the same reference numerals and will not be discussed again in detail. 
     The individual mirror  21  according to  FIGS. 3 to 7  has a mirror body  79  configured as a mirror plate. The mirror body  79  is made of silicon. The mirror body  79  has a rectangular reflection face  80  and, in the configuration according to  FIGS. 3 to 7 , an approximately square reflection face  80  to reflect the EUV radiation  10 . The reflection face  80  may have a multi-layer reflection coating to optimise the reflectivity of the individual mirror  21  for the EUV radiation  10 . 
     The mirror body  79  of the individual mirror  21  can be tilted relative to a rigid carrier body  81  made of silicon about two tilting axes. These two tilting axes are designated w 1  and w 2  in  FIGS. 3 to 7 . Each of these two tilting axes w 1 , w 2  belongs to a tilting joint  82 ,  83 , which is in each case configured as a solid-body joint. The two tilting axes w 1 , w 2  are perpendicular to one another. The tilting axis w 1  in this case runs parallel to the x-axis and the tilting axis w 2  runs parallel to the y-axis. The mirror body  79  and the carrier body  81  may also be configured of FiO 2  or of Fi 3 N 4 . The tilting axis w 2  in this case runs in the extension plane of the mirror body  79 . Apart from the actual reflection face  80  of the mirror body  79 , a small, non-tiltable dead area  83   a  remains, which is shown in  FIG. 3  above the tilting axis w 2 . The two tilting axes w 1 , w 2  both run parallel to the plane of the reflection face  80 . Alternatively, it is also possible for the tilting joints  82 ,  83  to be arranged in such a way that at least one of the two tilting axes w 1 , w 2  runs in the plane of the reflection face  80 . 
     Further material examples of EUV-compatible and high-vacuum-compatible materials, which are suitable for constructing the individual mirror  21 , are CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition) diamond, SiC (silicon carbide), SiO 2  (silicon oxide), Al 2 O 3 , copper, nickel, aluminium alloys and molybdenum. 
       FIG. 5  shows the tilting joint  82  belonging to the tilting axis w 1  in an enlarged view. The tilting joint  83  is configured correspondingly. 
     The tilting joint  82 , perpendicular to the tilting axis w 1 , in other words in the z-direction in  FIG. 5 , has a joint thickness S. Along the tilting axis w 1 , in other words in the x-direction in  FIG. 5 , the tilting joint  82  has a joint length L (cf  FIG. 6 ). The joint length L is comparable in size with a transverse extent of the mirror body  79 . 
     The joint length L in the individual mirror  21 , according to  FIGS. 3 to 7 , is about 1 mm. 
     The joint thickness S, which is shown in an exaggerated manner in the drawing, is 1 μm. The quotient L/S is therefore about 1000 in the individual mirror  21  according to  FIGS. 30 to 34 . 
     A material tapering, which leads to a joint thickness S of the solid-body tilting joint  82  and is shown by way of example in  FIG. 5  as a V-shaped notch, can be produced, for example, by anisotropic AOH (sic) etching. Alternatively it is possible to bring a material arm of the tilting joint  82  as a whole, for example by an etching process, to a size corresponding to the joint thickness S. 
     The mirror body  79  is connected in one piece to an intermediate carrier body  84  via the tilting joint  83 , the dimensions of which, in particular the joint thickness S and the joint length L thereof, correspond to those of the tilting joint  82 . The intermediate carrier body  84  is also made of silicon. The intermediate carrier body  84  is L-shaped in the cross section of  FIG. 6  and has a joint portion  85 , which is arranged directly adjacent to the tilting joint  83 , and a plate portion  86  arranged under the mirror body  79 , in other words on the side of the mirror body  79  remote from the reflection face  80 . A spacing B (cf.  FIG. 6 ), which is also called the width of the tilting joint  83 , is present in the region of the tilting joint  83  between the mirror body  79  and the joint portion  85  of the intermediate carrier body  84 . 
     The plate portion  86  of the intermediate carrier body  84  is connected in one piece via the tilting joint  82  to a joint portion  87  of the carrier body  81 . The joint portion  87  is fixed to a plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81 . The plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  is arranged below the plate portion  86  of the intermediate carrier body  84 . In the neutral position shown in  FIGS. 4 and 6 , the mirror body  79 , the plate portion  86  of the intermediate carrier body  84  as well as the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  run parallel to one another. 
     For the controlled tilting of the mirror body  79  about the two tilting axes w 1 , w 2 , two electrode actuators  89 ,  90  are used (cf.  FIG. 7 ). The electrode actuator  89  is in this case allocated to the tilting joint  82 , so it is also called the w 1  actuator  90 . The electrode actuator  90  is in this case allocated to the tilting joint  83 , so it is also called the w 2  actuator. The w 2  actuator, as the first electrode, has the mirror body  79  itself, which is electrically conductive. A counter-electrode  91  of the w 2  actuator  90  is configured as a conductive coating applied to the plate portion  86  of the intermediate carrier body  84 , said coating facing the mirror body  79 . In the neutral position of the individual mirror  21 , the counter-electrode  91  has a spacing from the mirror body  79  of about 100 μm. 
     The two electrodes  90 ,  91  of the w 2  actuator  90  are connected to an activatable voltage source  93  by signal lines  92 . The voltage source  93  is connected to an actuator control device  95  by a control line  94 . 
     The counter-electrode  91  is simultaneously used as an electrode for the w 1  actuator  89 . A counter-electrode  96  of the w 1  actuator  89  is configured as a conductive coating on the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81 . The counter-electrode  96  of the w 1  actuator  89  is arranged on the side of the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  facing the plate portion  86  of the intermediate carrier body  84 . In the neutral position, in other words in the force-free state, the spacing of the counter-electrode  96  of the w 1  actuator  89  from the plate portion  86  of the intermediate carrier body  84  is 100 μm. 
     The electrodes  91 ,  96  are electrically connected by signal lies  92  to a further voltage source  97 . The voltage source  97  is connected by a further control line  98  to the actuator control device  95 . 
     By applying direct voltages V1 and V2 (cf.  FIG. 7 ), on the one hand, the plate portion  86  of the intermediate carrier body  84  can be tilted in a controlled manner with respect to the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  about the tilting axis w 1  and, on the other hand, the mirror body  79  can be tilted in a controlled manner relative to the plate portion  86  of the intermediate carrier body  84  about the tilting axis w 2 , in each case about a predetermined tilting angle. The amount of the tilting angle about the respective tilting axis w 1 , w 2  depends here inter alia on the dimensioning of the tilting joints  82 ,  83 , on the area of the electrodes  90 ,  91 ,  96 , on their spacing from one another and, of course, on the size of the applied voltages V1, V2. A stepless tilting angle specification about the two tilting axes w 1 , w 2  is possible via the applied voltages V1, V2. 
       FIG. 7  shows a tilting position, in which by applying the voltages V1, V2, a tilting, on the one hand, of the plate portion  86  of the intermediate carrier body  84  relative to the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  toward the latter about the tilting axis w 1  and, on the other hand, a tilting of the mirror body  79  relative to the plate portion  86  of the intermediate carrier body  84  and toward the latter about the tilting axis w 2  have taken place. Incident EUV radiation  10  is deflected in a correspondingly defined manner by the reflection face  80  of the mirror body  79 , as indicated in  FIG. 7 . 
     With the aid of  FIGS. 8 and 9 , a further embodiment of an individual mirror  99  will be described below, which can be used instead of the individual mirror  21  according to  FIGS. 3 to 7  to construct a facet mirror described as above. Components, which correspond to those which have already been described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 2  and, in particular with reference to  FIGS. 3 to 7 , have the same reference numerals and will not be discussed again in detail. 
     In the configuration according to  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the useful reflection face  80  of the individual mirror  99  covers the entire surface of the mirror body  79  without a dead area. A plate-shaped reflection face carrier  100  is rigidly connected to a joint portion  102  of the mirror body  79  via a connecting strip  101  extending at the edge along the y-direction. The joint portion  102  is also plate-shaped and takes up approximately half the area of the reflection face  80  of the individual mirror  99 . The joint portion  102  extends parallel to the reflection face carrier  100  and behind the reflection face  80 . The joint portion  102  of the mirror body  79  is connected by the w 2  tilting joint  83  to a w 2  joint portion  103  of an intermediate carrier body  104  of the individual mirror  99 . The intermediate carrier body  104  corresponds to the intermediate carrier body  84  of the individual mirror  21  according to  FIGS. 3 to 7 , with respect to its function. 
     The tilting joint  83  of the individual mirror  99  also extends along the total width of the reflection face  80 , in other words along the joint length L in accordance with the configuration according to  FIGS. 3 to 7 . This also likewise applies to the tilting joint  82  of the individual mirror  99 . 
     The w 2  joint portion  103  is rigidly connected to an in turn plate-shaped w 1  joint portion  106  of the intermediate carrier body  104  by a connecting strip  105 . The joint portion  106  again takes up approximately half the area of the reflection face  80  of the individual mirror  99 . The rectangular shape of the joint portion  106  is oriented, in this case, rotated through  90 ° with respect to the rectangular shape of the joint portion  102 . The w 1  joint portion  106  is connected in one piece by the tilting joint  82  to a joint portion  107  of the carrier body  81 . 
     The joint portions  102 ,  103 , on the one hand, and  106 ,  107 , on the other hand, in each case extend over the entire joint length L of the tilting joints  83 ,  82 . 
     The mirror body  79  and, furthermore, two counter-electrodes  108 ,  109 , which are arranged on the plate portion  88  of the intermediate carrier body  104  as two coatings electrically insulated from one another and separated from one another by the joint portion  103  in turn belong as the electrode to the w 2  actuator of the tilting joint  83 . The two counter-electrodes  108 ,  109  in each case cover approximately one half of the plate portion  88  of the intermediate carrier body  104 . 
     By applying a tilting voltage between the electrodes  79 ,  108 , the reflection face can be tilted about the tilting axis w 2  in  FIG. 9  in the anti-clockwise direction. By applying a tilting voltage between the electrodes  79 ,  109 , the mirror body  79  in  FIG. 9  can be tilted in the clockwise direction. 
     For the w 1  actuator, counter-electrodes  110 ,  111  are used as the counter-electrodes for the electrodes  108 ,  109 . The counter-electrodes  110 ,  111  are applied, comparably to the electrodes  108 ,  109 , as coatings on the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  and separated from one another by the joint portion  107  and therefore electrically insulated. By applying a tilting voltage between the electrodes  108 ,  109 , on the one hand, and the counter-electrode  110  on the other hand, a controlled tilting of the intermediate carrier body  104  tales place in  FIG. 8  about the tilting axis w 1  in the anti-clockwise direction. By applying a tilting voltage between the electrodes  108  or  109 , on the one hand, and the counter-electrode  111 , on the other hand, a tilting of the intermediate carrier body  104  takes place in  FIG. 8  about the tilting axis w 1  in the clockwise direction. 
     In this manner, a voltage-controlled tilting of the reflection face  80  of the individual mirror  99 , proceeding from the neutral position shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9  is possible, about the two tilting axes w 1 , w 2 , in each case about the two tilting directions. 
     A further configuration of an individual mirror  112  will be described below with the aid of  FIGS. 10 to 12 . Components, which correspond to those which have already been described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 2  and, in particular with reference to  FIGS. 3 to 9 , have the same reference numerals and will not be discussed again in detail. 
     The reflection face carrier  100  is connected, in the individual mirror  112 , to the connecting strip  101 , which is simultaneously the joint portion  102 . 
     Arranged on the side of the reflection face carrier  100  opposing the reflection face  80  is a spacer  112   a , which at larger tilting angles, ensures that the reflection face carrier  100  does not come into direct contact with components located therebelow. The spacer  112   a  is worked out of the solid material of the reflection face carrier  100  by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). The joint portion  102  is connected by a first w 2  tilting joint  83  to the w 2  joint portion  103 , which is simultaneously a first L-shaped intermediate carrier body of the individual mirror  112 . The w 2  joint portion  103  is connected by a first w 1  tilting joint  82  to a first joint portion  107 , which is rigidly connected to the plate portion of the carrier body  81 . One leg of the L-shape of the w 2  joint portion  103  is simultaneously the w 1  joint portion  106 . 
     The individual mirror  112  has a total of two L-shaped assemblies with joint portions  102 ,  103 ,  106 ,  107  and correspondingly with tilting joints  82 ,  83 , which are in each case accommodated in a leg of this L-structural shape. These two L-shaped assemblies in each case have identically configured joint connecting components. In the region of the corner of the respective L-structural shape, which is formed by the mutually adjoining L-legs, these two assemblies are fitted into one another in such a way that, in total, a cross-shaped structure is produced (compare also the structurally identical configuration in this context according to  FIG. 21 , still to be described), in which the two w 1  tilting joints  82  and the two w 2  tilting joints  83  are in each case flush with one another. 
     The spacer  112   a  is in each case connected to the connecting strips  101  of the two w 2  tilting joints  83 . As the two connecting strips  101  parallel to the plane of the reflection face  80  and transverse to their longitudinal extent are arranged offset with respect to one another because of the cross structure of the two L-assemblies, the spacer  112  also has spacer portions arranged offset with respect to one another in the same direction. 
     The mirror body  79  itself is used in each case as an electrode of the w 1  actuator, on the one hand, for the controlled tilting of the reflection face  80  about the tilting axis w 1  and of the w 2  actuator, on the other hand, for the controlled tilting of the reflection face  80  about the tilting axis w 2 . The individual mirror  112  has four counter-electrodes  114 ,  115 ,  116 ,  117 , which in each case cover quadrants of the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  and are configured as electrically conductive coatings, which are insulated from one another, on the plate portion  88 . Depending on between which of the four counter-electrodes  114  to  117 , on the one hand, and the mirror body  79 , on the other hand, a tilting voltage V is applied, a corresponding tilting of the reflection face  80  results relative to the carrier body  81 . This is shown by way of example in  FIG. 11 . A voltage V is applied there between the mirror body  79  and the two counter-electrodes  114 ,  117 . A corresponding tilting of the mirror body  79  about the tilting axis w 1  of the tilting joint  82  results. 
       FIG. 12  shows, in a further tilting example, the situation in which a voltage V is applied exclusively between the mirror body  79  and the counter-electrode  114 . A tilting results, on the one hand, about the tilting axis w 1  of the tilting joint  82  and, on the other hand, a tilting results about the tilting axis w 2  of the tilting joint  83 . 
     In a view alternative to  FIG. 5 ,  FIG. 13  shows the dimensional ratios in a further configuration of the tilting joint  82 . Also in this case, a joint thickness S is about 1 μm, a joint width B about 20 μm and a joint length L extending perpendicular to the drawing plane of  FIG. 13  is about 1 mm. 
       FIG. 14  shows a variant of a tilting joint  82  or  83 , in which a segmenting into solid-body joint segments  118  is present along the joint length L. The joint length L in the embodiment according to  FIG. 14  is subdivided into about twenty five solid body segments  118  of this type. Adjacent solid-body joint segments  118  have a spacing with respect to one another, even if it is a very small one. The subdivision of the tilting joint  82  or  83  into the solid-body joint segments  118  can take place by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). 
     As an alternative to a subdivision into the solid-body joint segments or portions  118 , or in addition to this, microchannels may also be provided in the mirror body  79  and/or in the carrier body  81 . These microchannels may allow an active cooling of the individual mirror with an, in particular, laminarly through-flowing cooling liquid. 
       FIGS. 15 and 16  show a further configuration of an actuator  119  for the controlled tilting of the reflection face  80 , for example the individual mirror  21  about the at least one tilting axis w 1 , w 2 . Components which correspond to those which have already been described above with reference to  FIGS. 3 to 14 , have the same reference numerals and will not be described again in detail. 
     The actuator  119  has a movement electrode  120 , the free end  121  of which in  FIGS. 15 and 16  is configured for movable connection to a joint body, not shown in  FIGS. 15 and 16 , of a tilting joint allocated to the actuator  119 . The movement electrode  120  is flat and shown in cross section in  FIGS. 15 and 16 . The movement electrode  120  is curved in the section of  FIGS. 15 and 16 . 
     Rigidly connected to the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  is a counter-electrode  122  of the actuator  119 . The counter-electrode  122  is, for example, configured as a coating on the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81 . Arranged between the movement electrode  120  and the counter-electrode  122  is a layer in the form of a dielectric  123 . The dielectric may, for example, be configured as a flat coating on the counter-electrode  122 . 
     In a contact face portion  124 , the counter-electrode  122  rests directly on the dielectric  123 . A spacing face portion  125  of the movement electrode  120  is spaced apart from the counter-electrode  122  and from the dielectric  123 . The free end  121  of the movement electrode  120  is part of the spacing face portion  125 . 
       FIGS. 15 and 16  show two positions of the movement electrode  120 .  FIG. 15  shows a neutral position in which no voltage is applied between the two electrodes  120 ,  122 . The free end  121  of the movement electrode  120  is then lifted to a maximum extent from the plate portion  88 .  FIG. 16  shows the position, in which a tilting voltage of, for example, 80 V is applied between the electrodes  120 ,  122 . 
     In this tilting position according to  FIG. 16 , the movement electrode  120  additionally rests on the dielectric  123  over a region adjacent to the contact face portion  124 , so the spacing of the free end  121  from the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  is correspondingly reduced. 
     Actuators  119  of this type according to  FIGS. 15 and 16  are also called micro moving wedge drives (zipper actuators, zipping actuators). 
       FIGS. 17 to 19  show the use of two actuators  119  according to  FIGS. 15 and 16  in an individual mirror  126 , which, with respect to the arrangement of the tilting joints  82 ,  83  is configured in accordance with the individual mirror  99  according to  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
     The w 1  joint portion  106  is configured, in the individual mirror  126 , as a rocker, which is moulded onto the joint portion  107 , about the tilting axis w 1 . At the edge, two rocking arms  127 ,  128  of the w 1  joint portion  106  are connected to the free ends  121  of two actuators  119  arranged back to back with respect to one another in relation to the contact face portions  124 . 
       FIG. 17  shows a neutral position of the two actuators  119 , in which the w 1  joint portion  106  is present not tilted relative to the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81 . This neutral position according to  FIG. 17  can be achieved in a first variant of the individual mirror  126  in that all the electrodes  120 ,  121  are switched to be voltage-free. 
     An alternative voltage activation device, not shown in the drawing, for the actuator  119  is configured in such a way that, in a neutral position of the w 1  joint portion  106 , in other words of the rocking arms  127 ,  128  (cf.  FIG. 17 ) a bias voltage which is different from 0 V is applied between the movement electrodes  120  and the associated counter-electrodes  122 . An electrical bias voltage of this type is used to produce a mechanical bias voltage of the rocking arms  127 ,  128  about the tilting axis w 1 . In this manner, the neutral position, in which the mirror body  79  is oriented precisely parallel to the carrier body  81 , can be adjusted in a defined manner. 
       FIG. 18  shows the situation, in which a tilting voltage is applied to the electrodes  120 ,  122  of the actuator  119  shown on the left in  FIG. 18 . Accordingly, the mirror body  79  is tiled about the tilting axis w 1  in the anti-clockwise direction. 
       FIG. 19  shows the situation in which a tilting voltage is applied to the actuator  119  shown on the right in  FIG. 19 . Accordingly, the mirror body  79  is tilted about the tilting axis w 1  in the clockwise direction  FIG. 19 . 
       FIGS. 20 to 23 , on the one hand, and  FIGS. 24 to 27 , on the other hand, show two different configuration and arrangement variants of the movement electrodes  120 . Components, which correspond to those, which have already been described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 19 , have the same reference numerals and will not be discussed again in detail. 
     The counter-electrodes to the movement electrodes  120  of the arrangements according to  FIGS. 20 to 27  are designed as quadrant electrodes  114  to  117  in accordance with the configuration according to  FIGS. 10 to 12 . 
     In the actuator  119  according to  FIGS. 20 to 23 , four movement electrodes  120  arranged radially in each case on the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  in one of the quadrants of the plate portion  88  are present. The free ends  121  of the movement electrodes  120  according to  FIGS. 20 to 23  are in each case arranged close to the four corners of the square plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81 . These free ends  121  carry contact portions  129 , by which the movement electrodes  120  are movably connected to the intermediate carrier body or the mirror body  79 . The contact portion  129  is a connecting region of the movement electrode  120 , for example, to the w 1  joint portion  106 , in other words to a joint body. Opposite the free end  121 , each of the movement electrodes  120  in the configuration according to  FIG. 20 to 27  has an end rigidly connected to the plate portion  88  in the region of the contact face portion  124 . 
     In the configuration and arrangement example of the movement electrodes  120  according to  FIGS. 24 to 27 , each of the movement electrodes is present as a spiral face body. Between a fixed end  130  of the movement electrode  120  according to  FIGS. 24 to 27 , on which the latter is fixed to the plate portion  88 , and the contact portion  129  at the free end  121 , each of the movement electrodes  120  runs through about three spiral windings. 
     According to the arrangement according to  FIGS. 20 to 23 , four movement electrodes  120  are also arranged in the arrangement according to  FIGS. 24 to 27 , one of the four movement electrodes  120  in each case being arranged in one of the four quadrants of the plate portion  88 . 
     The fixed ends  130  of each movement electrode  120 , in the arrangement according to  FIGS. 24 to 27 , are located close to a corner of the respective quadrant of the plate portion  88 . The contact portions  129 , in the arrangement according to  FIGS. 24 to 27 , are located in the region of the centre of the respective quadrants of the plate portion  88 . 
     The actuator  119 , instead of an electrostatic drive, can also have an electromagnetic drive. In this case, instead of the counter-electrode  122  and the dielectric  123 , an electromagnetic reluctance actuator is provided. Instead of the movement electrode  120 , a thin, ferromagnetic metal plate is provided. 
     A further configuration of an actuator  131  for the controlled tilting of the mirror body  79  about a tilting axis is described below with the aid of  FIGS. 28 to 30 . Components, which correspond to those, which have already been described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 27  and, in particular, with reference to  FIGS. 3 to 27 , have the same reference numerals and will not be discussed again in detail. 
     In the actuator  131  according to  FIGS. 28 to 30 , an electrically conductive coating  132  on the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  is in turn used as one of the electrodes of the actuator  131 . A stack  133  of counter-electrodes  134 ,  135 ,  136  is arranged above this electrode  132 . Adjacent counter-electrodes can be tilted with respect to one another about a solid-body joint  137 , in each case, shown schematically in  FIG. 28 . Each of the solid-body joints  137  extends accordingly to the above-described tilting joints  82 ,  83  along the joint width of a reflection face on the mirror body  79 . The counter-electrodes  134  to  136  are already present in a force-free neutral position inclined with respect to the plane of the electrode  132  on the plate portion  88 , as shown by dashed lines in  FIG. 28 , in each case.  FIG. 28  shows in solid lines the situation in which an additional tilting voltage is applied between adjacent electrodes  132  and  134  to  136 . This leads to adjacent electrodes  132  and  134  to  136 , proceeding from the neutral inclined position, being further inclined toward one another by deflection about the solid-body joints  137 . The counter-electrode  136  shown uppermost in  FIG. 28  therefore experiences an angle of inclination which corresponds to the sum of the relative inclines of the electrode pairs arranged therebelow with respect to one another. The mirror body  79  may in turn be connected to the counter-electrode  136  shown uppermost in  FIG. 28  and is then correspondingly tilted by an actuator. A total tilting angle of the uppermost counter-electrode  136 , a, is produced as the sum of the individual tilting angles α 1 , α 2 , α 3  of the counter-electrodes  134 ,  135  and  136 . 
     An application of the actuator  131  in an individual mirror  138  in the manner of the individual mirror  126  of  FIGS. 17 to 19  will be described with the aid of  FIGS. 29 and 30 . The actuators  131  with the counter-electrode stacks  133  are in this case arranged between the plate portion  88  of the carrier body  81  and the rocking arms  127 ,  128  of the w 1  joint portion  106  of the intermediate carrier body  104 . In contrast to the configuration according to  FIG. 28 , in the actuators  131  of the configuration according to  FIGS. 29 and 30 , the solid-body joints  157  are arranged adjacent to the tilting axis w 1 . 
       FIG. 29  shows the neutral position.  FIG. 30  shows the position in which a tilting voltage is applied to the electrodes  132  and  134 ,  135 ,  136  of the actuator  131  shown on the left in  FIG. 30 . The result is a tilting of the w 1  joint portion  106  in  FIG. 30  about the tilting axis w 1  in the anti-clockwise direction. 
     In other variants of tilting joints, another dimension ratio of the joint length L to the joint thickness S may also be present. L/S may be greater than 50, greater than 100, greater than 250 or else greater than 500. A ratio of L/S of greater than 1000 is also possible. 
     A further configuration of an individual mirror  139  with actuators in the manner of the actuators  119  for the controlled tilting of the mirror body  79  will be described below with the aid of  FIGS. 31 to 34 . Components which correspond to those which have already been described above with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 30  and, in particular with reference to  FIGS. 3 to 30 , have the same reference numerals and will not be described again in detail. 
     The mirror body  79  and also the reflection face  80 , in the individual mirror  139 , have the shape of an equilateral triangle. The side length of one of the three sides may be about 1 mm. One of the respective actuators  119  is arranged parallel to one of the three sides of this triangle, in each case. 
     Each of the actuators  119  has a movement electrode  120 , which is connected by a contact portion  129  to the mirror body  79  and by a contact face portion  124  to the carrier body  81 . An actuation of the three actuators  119  can take place independently of one another in accordance with that which was described above in conjunction with the description of the actuator  119  according to  FIGS. 15 to 27 . In this manner, a tilting of the reflection face  80  relative to the carrier body  81  by three independent tilting degrees of freedom is possible. 
     The arrangement of the three actuators  119  is such that the contact portions  129  are in each case arranged above the contact face portion  124  of the adjacent actuator  119  in a plan view of the individual mirror  139  in an anti-clockwise direction. 
     The individual mirror  139  has no joints in the manner of the tilting joints  82 ,  83 . 
     The actuators described above for tilting the mirror body  79  may have an integrated sensor system for measuring the respective tilting angle about the tilting axes w 1 , w 2 . This sensor system may be used, in particular, for monitoring the adjusted tilting angle. 
     A sensor system of this type may, for example, be formed by a capacitive measuring bridge, in particular in the form of a Wien bridge. As a result, it is possible to determine a capacitance between the reflection face of the mirror body  79 , on the one hand, and a reference body, on the other hand, depending on the distance of these two bodies from one another, in other words depending on a tilting angle position of the reflection face of the mirror body  79 . In this case, a direct voltage, which is used for the above-described actuator system of the mirror body  79 , can be superimposed by an alternating voltage fraction, which is applied between the above-described electrodes. An impedance change of the looked for capacitance can then be measured by the integrated measuring bridge. For this purpose, a zero balance is made, in which a known variable capacitance or a known variable resistance is used within the bridge circuit. The measuring bridge itself may be embedded in an integrated circuit, which is located directly below the carrier body  81  or even within the latter. This ensures that parasitic capacitances due to short signal line distances are minimised. A signal amplification and an analogue/digital conversion of the sensor system and an actuator activation can take place in an also integrated ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). 
     With the aid of the projection exposure system  1 , at least a part of the reticle is imaged in the object field  5  on a region of a light-sensitive layer on the wafer in the image field  8  to lithographically produce a microstructured or nanostructured component, in particular a semiconductor component, for example a microchip. Depending on the configuration of the projection exposure system  1  as a scanner or as a stepper, the reticle and the wafer are moved in a time-synchronised manner in the y-direction, continuously in scanner operation or stepwise in stepper operation.