Abstract:
A bearing element for a rotary, earth boring drag bit effectively reduces an exposure of at least one adjacent cutting element by a readily predictable amount, as well as a depth-of-cut (DOC) of the cutter. The bearing element has a substantially uniform thickness across substantially an entire area thereof. The bearing element also limits the amount of unit force applied to a formation so that the formation does not fail. The bearing element may prevent damage to cutters associated therewith, as well as possibly limit problems associated with bit balling, motor stalling and related drilling difficulties. Bits including the bearing elements, molds for forming the bearing elements and portions of bodies of bits that carry the bearing elements, methods for designing and fabricating the bearing elements and bits including the same, and methods for drilling subterranean formations are also disclosed.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/365,074, filed Feb. 2, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,448,726, issued May 28, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/637,333, filed Dec. 12, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,141,665, issued Mar. 27, 2012, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/750,647, filed Dec. 14, 2005, the disclosure of each of which application is hereby incorporated herein, in its entirety, by this reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to rotary, earth boring drag bits for drilling subterranean formations, as well as to the operation of such bits. More specifically, the present invention relates to modifying the designs of bits to include bearing elements for effectively reducing the exposure of cutting elements, or cutters, on the crowns of the bits by a readily predictable amount, as well as for optimizing performance of bits in the context of controlling cutter loading or depth-of-cut. 
     2. State of the Art 
     Bits that carry polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutting elements, or cutters, have proven very effective in achieving high rates of penetration (ROP) in drilling subterranean formations exhibiting low to medium compressive strengths. A PDC cutter typically includes a disc-shaped diamond “table” formed on and bonded under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions to a supporting substrate, which may be formed from cemented tungsten carbide (WC), although other cutter configurations and substrate materials are known in the art. Recent improvements in the design of hydraulic flow regimes about the face of bits, cutter design, and drilling fluid formulation have reduced prior, notable tendencies of such bits to “ball” by increasing the volume of formation material that may be cut before exceeding the ability of the bit and its associated drilling fluid flow to clear the formation cuttings from the face of the bit. 
     The body of a rotary, earth boring drag bit may be fabricated by machining a mold cavity in a block of graphite or another material and introducing inserts and cutter displacements into the machined cavities of the mold. The surfaces of the mold cavity define regions on the surface of the drill bit, while the cutter displacements and other inserts may define recesses on the face of the bit body and internal cavities within the bit body. Once any inserts and displacements have been positioned within the mold cavity, a particulate material, such as tungsten carbide, may be introduced into the cavity of the mold. Thereafter, an infiltrant, or binder, material may be introduced into the cavity to secure the particles to one another. The cutter displacements and other inserts may be removed from the bit body following the infiltration process, after which other elements, such as the cutters and hydraulic nozzles, may be assembled with and secured to the bit body. 
     The relationship of torque-on-bit (TOB) to weight-on-bit (WOB) may be employed as an indicator of aggressivity for cutters, with the TOB-to-WOB ratio corresponding to the aggressiveness with which a cutter is exposed or oriented relative to the crown of a bit or the cone of the crown. When cutters are placed in cavities that have been formed with standard cutter displacements, they may be exposed an aggressive enough distance that a phenomenon that has been referred to in the art as “overloading” may occur, even when a low WOB is applied to the drill string to which the bit is mounted. The occurrence of this phenomenon is more likely with more aggressive exposure or orientation of the cutters. Overloading is particularly significant in low compressive strength formations where a relatively great depth-of-cut (DOC) may be achieved at an extremely low WOB. Overloading may also be caused or exacerbated by drill string bounce, in which the elasticity of the drill string causes erratic, or inconsistent, application of WOB to the drill bit. Moreover, when bits with cutters that are carried by cavities are operated at excessively high DOC, more formation cuttings may be generated than can be consistently cleared from the bit face and directed back up the borehole annulus via junk slots on the face of the bit, which may lead to bit balling. 
     Another problem that may be caused when cutters located on the crown of a rotary, earth boring drill bit are overexposed may occur while drilling from a zone or stratum of higher formation compressive strength to a “softer” zone of lower compressive strength. As the bit drills from the harder formation into the softer formation without changing the applied WOB, or before a directional driller can change the WOB, the penetration of the PDC cutters and, thus, the resulting torque-on-bit (TOB) increases almost instantaneously and by a substantial magnitude. The abruptly higher torque may, in turn, cause damage to the cutters and/or the bit body. In directional drilling, such a change causes the tool face orientation (TFO) of the directional (measurement-while-drilling, or MWD, or a steering tool) assembly to fluctuate, making it more difficult for the directional driller to follow the planned directional path for the bit. Thus, it may be necessary for the directional driller to back off the bit from the bottom of the borehole to reset or reorient the tool face, which may take a considerable amount of time (e.g., up to an hour). In addition, a downhole motor, such as drilling fluid-driven Moineau-type motors commonly employed in directional drilling operations, in combination with a steerable bottomhole assembly, may completely stall under a sudden torque increase, possibly damaging the motor. That is, the bit may stop rotating, thereby stopping the drilling operation and necessitating that the bit be backed off from the borehole bottom to re-establish drilling fluid flow and motor output. Such interruptions in the drilling of a well can be time consuming and quite costly, especially in the offshore drilling environment. 
     So-called “wear knots” have been deployed behind cutters on the faces of rotary, earth boring drag bits in an attempt to provide enhanced stability in some formations, notably interbedded soft, medium and hard rock. Drill bits drilling such formations easily become laterally unstable due to the wide and constant variation of resultant forces acting on a bit due to engagement of such formations with the cutters. Wear knots comprise structures in the form of bearing elements projecting from the bit face. Conventionally, wear knots rotationally trail some of the cutters at substantially the same radial locations as the cutters, usually at positions from the nose of the bit extending down the shoulder, to locations that are proximate to the gage. A conventional wear knot may comprise an elongated segment having an arcuate (e.g., half-hemispherical, part-ellipsoidal, etc.) leading end, taken in the direction of bit rotation. A wear knot projects from the bit face a lesser distance than the projection, or exposure, of its associated cutter and typically has a width less than that of a rotationally leading, associated cutter and, consequently, than a groove that has been cut into a formation by that cutter. One notable deviation from such design approach is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,090,492, wherein so-called “stabilizing projections” rotationally trail certain PDC cutters on the bit face and are sized in relation to their associated cutters to purportedly snugly enter and move along the groove cut by the associated leading cutter in frictional, but purportedly non-cutting, relationship to the side walls of the groove. 
     The presence of bearing elements in the form of wear knots, while well-intentioned in terms of enhancing rotary drag bit stability, often fall short in practice due to deficiencies in the abilities of bit manufacturers to accurately position and orient the wear knots. Notably, rather than riding completely within a groove cut by an associated, rotationally leading cutter or portions thereof, conventional wear knot designs and placements may contact the uncut rock at the walls of the groove in which they travel, which may excite, rather than reduce, lateral vibration of the bit. Additionally, the areas of the bearing surfaces of the wear knots (i.e., the surface area of a portion of a wear knot that contacts the formation being drilled rotationally behind a cutter at a given DOC) are often difficult to calculate because of the typically half-hemispherical or part-ellipsoidal shapes thereof. Furthermore, the sizes and shapes of wear knots that are formed from hardfacing and that are applied by hand are often not consistent from one wear knot to another. If the bearing surfaces of wear knots on opposite sides of a bit are not almost exactly the same, the bit could be subjected to uneven forces that might result in vibration, uneven wear, or, possibly, cutter or bit failure. 
     Several patents that have been assigned to Baker Hughes Incorporated address some issues related to DOC, wear knots, and the like. Included among these patents are U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,200,514; 6,209,420; 6,298,930; 6,659,199; 6,779,613; and 6,935,441, the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated herein, in their entireties, by this reference. 
     While some of the foregoing patents recognize the desirability to limit cutter penetration, or DOC, or otherwise limit forces applied to a borehole surface, the disclosed approaches do not provide a method or apparatus for controlling DOC in a manner that is easily and inexpensively adaptable across various product lines and applications. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention includes bearing elements for rotary, earth boring drag bits, bits that include bearing elements behind cutters on the crowns thereof, methods for designing and fabricating the bearing elements and bits, and drilling methods that employ the bearing elements to effectively reduce DOC. 
     A bearing element that incorporates teachings of the present invention limits the DOC or the effective extent to which PDC cutters, or other types of cutters or cutting elements (which are collectively referred to hereinafter as “cutters”) are exposed on the face of a rotary, earth boring drag bit. A bearing element might be located proximate to an associated cutter, which may, among other locations, be set in the crown, or nose, region of the bit, including, without limitation, within the cone of the crown and on the face of the crown. A bearing element may have a substantially uniform thickness across substantially an entire area thereof. The thickness, or height, of the bearing element, which is the distance the bearing element protrudes from a face of the bit (e.g., a blade on which the bearing element is located) may correspond directly to an effective decrease in the exposure, or standoff, and hence, the DOC of one or more adjacent cutters. A bearing element may be configured to distribute a load attributable to WOB over a sufficient surface area on the bit face, blades or other bit body structure contacting the formation face at the borehole bottom (e.g., at least about 30% of the blade surfaces at the crown of the bit) so that the applied WOB might not exceed, or is approximately less than, the compressive strength of the formation. As a result, the bit does not substantially indent, or fail, the formation rock. As the DOC is reduced by the bearing element, the bearing element may also limit the unit volume of formation material (rock) removed by the cutters per each rotation of the bit to prevent one or more of over-cutting the formation material, balling the bit, and damage to the cutters. If the bit is employed in a directional drilling operation, the likelihood of tool face loss or motor stalling may also be reduced by the presence of a bearing element of the present invention behind cutters on the crown of the bit. 
     A method for fabricating a bit is also within the scope of the present invention. Such a method may account for the compressive strength of a specific formation to be drilled, as noted above, and include the formation of one or more bearing elements at locations that will provide a bit or its cutters with one or more desired properties. 
     While a variety of techniques may be used to fabricate a bearing element or a bit with a bearing element, such a method may include fabricating a mold for forming the bit. The mold is formed by milling a cavity that includes a crown-forming region with smaller cavities, or recesses, that are configured to receive standard preforms, or displacements. Other inserts may also be placed within the mold cavity. The mold cavity is milled in such a way that slots, or grooves, are formed in the crown-forming region (e.g., in the cone thereof or elsewhere within the crown-forming region) in communication with trailing ends of the smaller, displacement-receiving cavities. These slots may have substantially uniform depths across substantially the entire areas thereof. Each slot defines the location of a bearing element to be formed on the crown of a bit and has a depth that corresponds to the distance the amount of cutter exposure at an adjacent region of the crown is to be effectively reduced to effectively control the DOC that each adjacent cutter may achieve. An area of the slot may be sufficient to support the anticipated axial load, or WOB, to prevent the cutters from digging into the formation beyond their intended DOC or so that the compressive strength of the expected formation to be drilled is not exceeded. Together, the mold cavity, the displacements, and any other inserts within the mold cavity define the body of a bit. Once a mold cavity has been formed and includes desired features, and cutter displacements and any other inserts have been positioned therein, a bit body may be formed, as known in the art (e.g., by introducing particulate material and infiltrant into the mold cavity). The displacements may then be removed from the bit body, leaving pockets that are configured to receive the cutters, which are subsequently assembled with and secured to the bit body. 
     According to another aspect, the present invention includes methods for drilling subterranean formations, which methods include using bits with bearing pads that effectively reduce the exposures of cutters on the crowns or in the cones of the bits. 
     Methods for designing bearing elements include selecting a formation to be drilled, calculating a desired DOC and the strength of the formation, and calculating the height or thickness of a bearing element that will limit the DOC and the unit force applied to the formation. 
     Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art through consideration of the ensuing description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an example of a rotary earth boring drag bit that includes bearing pads that incorporate teachings of the present invention, with the bit in an inverted orientation relative to its orientation when drilling into a formation; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic representation of a crown-forming surface of a mold for forming a rotary earth boring drag bit, the mold including milled cavities, or recesses for receiving preforms for cutters of the earth boring drag bit; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic representation of the crown-forming surface of the mold shown in  FIG. 2  with preforms, or inserts, for cutters installed in the milled cavities; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic representation of the crown-forming surface of the mold with milled slots located at the trailing edges of at least some of the milled cavities for receiving the preforms or inserts; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic representation of the crown-forming surface of the mold of  FIG. 4  with preforms, or inserts, in the milled cavities; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of a crown-forming surface of a mold including the features depicted in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a close-up view of the milled cavities and milled slots of the portion of the bit illustrated in  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic representation of a crown of a rotary earth boring drag bit that illustrates the relationship between DOC, crown profile, and cutter profile; 
         FIG. 9  is a close-up rear perspective view of a portion of a blade of a rotary earth boring drag bit that is located within a cone of the crown of the bit and that includes cutters and a bearing element located adjacent to a trailing edge of at least some of the cutters on the cone portion of the blade to effectively reduce an exposure of each adjacent cutter; and 
         FIG. 10  is a close-up front perspective view of the portion of the rotary earth boring drag bit shown in  FIG. 9 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  of the drawings depicts a rotary drag bit  10  that includes a plurality of cutters  24  (e.g., PDC cutters) bonded by their substrates (diamond tables and substrates not shown separately for clarity), as by brazing, into pockets  22  (see also  FIG. 2 ) in blades  18 , as is known in the art with respect to the fabrication of so-called impregnated matrix, or, more simply, “matrix,” type bits. Such bits include a mass of particulate material (e.g., a metal powder, such as tungsten carbide) infiltrated with a molten, subsequently hardenable binder (e.g., a copper-based alloy). It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to matrix-type bits, and that steel body bits and bits of other manufacture may also be configured according to the present invention. The exterior shape of a diametrical cross section of the bit taken along a longitudinal axis  40 , or axis of rotation, of bit  10  defines what may be termed the “bit profile” or “crown profile” (see also  FIG. 8 ). The end of drag bit  10  may include a shank  14  secured to the “matrix” bit body. Shank  14  may be threaded with an API pin connection  16 , as known in the art, to facilitate the attachment of drill bit  10  to a drill string (not shown). 
     Internal fluid passages of bit  10  lead from a tubular shank at the upper, or trailing end, of bit  10  to a plenum extending into the bit body, to nozzle orifices  38 . Nozzles  36  that are secured in nozzle orifices  38  provide fluid courses  30 , which lie between blades  18 , with drilling fluid. Fluid courses  30  extend to junk slots  32 , which extend upwardly along the sides of bit  10 , between blades  18 . Formation cuttings are swept away from cutters  24  by drilling fluid expelled by nozzles  36 , which moves generally radially outward through fluid courses  30 , then upward through junk slots  32  to an annulus between the drill string (not shown) from which bit  10  is suspended, and on up to the surface, out of the well. 
     A plurality of bearing elements  42  may reside on the portions of blades  18  located at a crown, or nose, of bit  10 . By way of non-limiting example, bearing elements  42  may be at least partially located on portions of blades  18  that are located within the cone of the crown of bit  10 . Bearing element  42 , which may be of any size, shape, and/or thickness that best suits the need of a particular application, may lie substantially along the same radius from axis  40  as one or more other bearing elements  42 . The bearing element  42  or surfaces may provide sufficient surface area to withstand the axial or longitudinal WOB without exceeding the compressive strength of the formation being drilled, so that the rock does not unduly indent or fail and the penetration of PDC cutters  24  into the rock is substantially controlled. 
     As an example, the total bearing area of the bearing element  42  of an 8.5-inch-diameter bit configured as shown in  FIG. 1  may be about 12 square inches. If, for example, the unconfined compressive strength of a relatively soft formation to be drilled by bit  10  is 2,000 pounds per square inch (psi), then at least about 24,000 lbs. WOB may be applied to the formation without failing or indenting it. Such WOB is far in excess of the WOB that may normally be applied to a bit in such formations (e.g., as little as 1,000 lbs. to 3,000 lbs., up to about 5,000 lbs., etc.) without incurring bit balling from excessive DOC and the consequent cuttings volume that overwhelms the bit&#39;s ability to hydraulically clear the cuttings. In harder formations, with, for example, 20,000 psi to 40,000 psi compressive strengths, the collective surface area of the bearing elements of the bit may be significantly reduced while still accommodating substantial WOB applied to keep the bit firmly on the borehole bottom. When older, less sophisticated drill rigs are employed or during directional drilling, both circumstances that render it difficult to control WOB with any substantial precision, the ability to overload WOB without adverse consequences further distinguishes the superior performance of a bit that includes one or more bearing elements  42  according to the present invention. It should be noted that the use of an unconfined compressive strength of formation rock provides a significant margin for calculation of the required bearing area of bearing element  42  for a bit, as the in situ, confined, compressive strength of a subterranean formation being drilled is substantially higher. Thus, if desired, confined compressive strength values of selected formations may be employed in designing a bearing element with a total bearing area, as well as the total bearing area of a bit, to yield a smaller required bearing area, but that still advisedly provides for an adequate “margin” of excess bearing area in recognition of variations in continued compressive strengths of the formation to preclude substantial indentation and failure of the formation downhole. 
     In addition to serving as a bearing surface, the thicknesses or heights of bearing elements  42 , or the distance they protrude from the surfaces of the blades  18 , may determine the extent of the DOC, or the effective amount the exposure of cutters  24  is reduced vis-à-vis a formation to be drilled. By way of example only, each bearing element  42  may be configured to a certain height related to the desired DOC of its associated cutter or cutters  24 . That is, as the height of bearing element  42  increases relative to the surface of blade  18 , the DOC of its associated cutter or cutters  24  decreases. For example, a cutter  24  might have a nominal diameter of 0.75 inch that, when brazed into a pocket  22  in blade  18  may, without an adjacent bearing element  42 , have a nominal DOC of 0.375 inch. By including a bearing element  42 , the DOC of the 0.75-inch-diameter PDC cutter  24  might be reduced to as little as zero (0) inches. Of course, the DOC may be selected within a variety of ranges that depend upon the height of bearing element  42 , or the distance that bearing element  42  protrudes from a surface of the crown of bit  10 . Thus, bearing elements  42  eliminate the need to alter the depth of the cutter displacement-receiving cavities formed in a mold for the bit body, which permits the use of existing, standard displacements. Thus, the DOC of cutters  24  at the crown of a bit  10  and, hence, the aggressiveness of bit  10 , may be quickly modified to the requirements of a particular formation without resorting to a redesign of the blade geometry or profile, which normally takes significant time and money to achieve. 
     A bit of the present invention may be fabricated by any suitable, known technique. For example, a bit may be formed through the use of a mold. The displacements and other inserts may be placed at precise locations within a cavity of the mold to ensure the proper placement of cutting elements, nozzles, junk slots, etc., in a bit body formed with the mold. Therefore, the cutter displacement-receiving cavities machined into the crown-forming region of a mold may have sufficient depths to support and hold displacements in position as particulate material and infiltrant are introduced into the mold cavity. 
       FIG. 2  is a representation of bit mold  46  from the perspective of one looking directly into a cavity  45  of mold  46 . Mold  46  may be thought of as the negative of the bit (e.g., bit  10 ) to be formed therewith. The portion of mold  46  that is shown in  FIG. 2  is a crown-forming region of the cavity  45  thereof. Small cavities  22 ′ are shown that have been milled to hold the displacements for subsequently forming pockets within which the cutting elements that are to be located in the cone of the bit face are eventually inserted and secured.  FIG. 3  is a representation of mold  46  from the same point of view, only, in this instance, displacements  44  have been inserted into small cavities  22 ′. As shown in  FIGS. 4 through 7 , slots, or grooves  48 ,  48 ′, which subsequently form bearing elements  42  ( FIG. 1 ), may be formed in mold  46 , e.g., by milling the same into the surface of the cavity  45  of mold  46 . Grooves  48 ,  48 ′ and small cavities  22 ′ may be formed, by way of non-limiting example, by hand milling or by a multi-axis (e.g., five- or seven-axis), milling machine under control of a computer. For example only, among other factors, the size, shape, area, and depth of each groove  48 ,  48 ′ may be selected to achieve a desired DOC (i.e., aggressiveness) and bearing element area for a given application or formation as aforementioned. 
     Each groove  48 ,  48 ′ has a substantially uniform depth across substantially an entire area thereof, regardless of the contour of the surface within which groove  48 ,  48 ′ is formed. Each groove  48 ,  48 ′ may, for example, have a width that is slightly greater than the widths of small cavities  22 ′ in the mold  46  and, further, extend somewhat between adjacent small cavities  22 ′. Such configurations may provide greater bearing surface areas and may support a higher applied WOB than would otherwise be possible if the drill bit  10  lacked such features. Alternatively, each groove  48 ,  48 ′ may have a width somewhat less than the widths of small cavities  22 ′, in this instance about two-thirds (⅔) the total widths of small cavities  22 ′. In addition, grooves  48 ,  48 ′ may not extend substantially between adjacent small cavities  22 ′. As a result, a groove  48 ,  48 ′ with either of these features, or a combination thereof, would form a bearing element  42  that has a smaller surface area and, thus, that could support a relatively smaller applied WOB than a bearing element  42  with a greater surface area. 
     Mold  46  may include one groove  48 ,  48 ′, or a plurality of grooves  48 ,  48 ′. If mold  46  includes a plurality of grooves  48 ,  48 ′, the individual grooves  48 ,  48 ′ may have the same dimensions as one another, or the individual grooves  48 ,  48 ′ may have at least one dimension that differs from a corresponding dimension of another groove  48 ,  48 ′. For example, a mold  46  may include a first groove  48  with the larger dimension and surface area noted above, while another groove  48 ′ may include smaller dimensions, as noted above. In addition, the depths of grooves  48 ,  48 ′ may be the same, or differ from one groove  48  to another groove  48 ′. Furthermore, while mold  46  is depicted as including slots  48 ,  48 ′ at particular locations merely for the sake of illustration, grooves  48 ,  48 ′ may be formed elsewhere within mold  46  without departing from the scope of the present invention. 
       FIG. 5  shows mold  46  of  FIG. 4  after displacements  44  have been installed in small cavities  22 ′, with the associated examples of grooves  48  and  48 ′. Once displacements  44  have been installed within small cavities  22 ′, bit  10  may be formed with mold  46  by any suitable process known in the art, including the introduction of a particulate material and the introduction of a binding agent, or binder or infiltrant, within cavity  45  of mold  46 . 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a profile view  56  of an exemplary bit  10  designed in accordance with teachings of the present invention. A crown profile  52  is the line that traces the profile of blades  18  from axis  40  to a gage radius  12 , as also seen in  FIG. 1 . A cutter profile  54  traces the edges of cutters  24  as the bit is rotated around axis  40  and cutters  24  pass through the plane that corresponds to the page on which  FIG. 8  appears. The distance between crown profile  52  and cutter profile  54  is the nominal depth-of-cut (DOC), labeled D, absent the bearing element  42 . However, the bearing element  42 , as formed from slot or groove  48  of mold  46 , as discussed above, may modify the DOC of cutters  24 . In this instance, bearing element  42  extends beyond crown profile  52  a set distance H, and the DOC of cutters  24  is the distance between bearing element  42  and cutter profile  54 , indicated by D′. 
     Of course, other techniques may be used to form a bit with one or more bearing elements. For example, a bit body or a portion thereof may be machined from a solid blank; formed by programmed material consolidation (e.g., “layered manufacturing,” etc.) and infiltration processes, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,581,671; 6,209,420; 6,089,123; 6,073,518; 5,957,006; 5,839,329; 5,544,550; and 5,433,280, which have each been assigned to Baker Hughes Incorporated, the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated herein, in their entireties, by this reference; or by any other suitable bit fabrication process. 
     A bit  10  embodying teachings of the present invention is shown in  FIGS. 9 and 10 .  FIG. 9  provides a close-up view of a bearing element  42  of a bit  10 . Cutters  24  are also visible in  FIG. 9 . Similar features are visible in  FIG. 10 . Bearing element  42  is visible from a different angle, as are cutters  24 . The bearing element  42  extends laterally between laterally adjacent cutters  24  and abuts each of the laterally adjacent cutters  24  along a rotationally trailing end and at least a portion of opposing sides of each of the cutters  24 . 
     With returned reference to FIGS.  1  and  8 - 10 , a method for drilling a subterranean formation includes engaging a formation with at least one cutter  24 , the exposure of which is limited by at least one bearing element  42 , which may also limit the DOC of each cutter  24 . One or more cutters  24  having DOCs limited by one or more bearing elements  42  may be positioned on a formation-facing surface of at least one portion, or region, of at least one blade  18  to render a cutter  24  spacing and cutter profile  54  exposure that will enable the bit  10  to engage the formation within a wide range of WOB without generating an excessive amount of TOB, even at elevated WOBs, for the instant ROP that the bit  10  is providing. That is, as aforementioned, the torque is related directly to the WOB applied. Using a bit  10  with bearing elements  42  that will limit the DOC by a predetermined, readily predictable amount and, hence, limit the torque applied to drill bit  10 , decreases the likelihood that the torque might cause the downhole motor to stall or the tool face to undesirably change. Drilling may be conducted primarily with cutters  24 , which have DOCs limited by one or more bearing elements  42 , engaging a relatively hard formation within a selected range of WOB. Upon encountering a softer formation and/or upon applying an increased amount of WOB to bit  10 , at least one bearing element  42  located proximate to at least one associated cutter  24  limits the DOC of the associated cutter  24  while allowing bit  10  to ride against the formation on bearing element  42 , regardless of the WOB being applied to bit  10  and without generating an unacceptably high, potentially bit-damaging TOB for the current ROP. 
     Although the foregoing description contains many specifics and examples, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, but merely as providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiments. Similarly, other embodiments of the invention may be devised that do not depart from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The scope of this invention is, therefore, indicated and limited only by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the foregoing description. All additions, deletions and modifications to the invention as disclosed herein and that fall within the meaning of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.