Abstract:
Systems and methods are disclosed that allow a user to access communications services using a service node or a computer suitably connected to a communications-applications support system at a service provider&#39;s facility. The user is provided with information as to the communications services available. These services may be ordered for implementation on and use with the service node or the user&#39;s computer or on the computer used in connection with the support system. The implementation and performance of the communications services for the user be monitored, and if substandard, then remedial action may be taken by the system. Also, upgrades, maintenance, and new services may be transferred from the system to the user&#39;s computer as appropriate. Advantageously, the user is relieved from provisioning, configuring, maintaining, updating, or educating individuals about these communications services.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application claims priority to and the benefit of the prior filed and commonly owned provisional application entitled “Methods, Systems, and Apparatus for Providing Communications Services”, filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office on Nov. 24, 1999, assigned Application No. 60/167,207, and incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
     The present inventions relate to the field of communications, and particularly relate to the field of on-line communications systems and services that may be provided to a user through the use of a server at a remote location and the use of a computer, service node or other intelligent peripheral on the user&#39;s premises or under the user&#39;s control. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Modern communications systems have developed over the last 120 years from the circuit-switched public telephone network (PSTN) to an all-digital integrated-media communications transport system such as the global communications network referred to as the Internet. Businesses and other institutions look to modern communications systems for more than just services. Businesses and others look for assistance in improving productivity, providing better customer service, and assisting in other areas. In fact, the effective utilization of modern communication systems is typically considered to be a prerequisite to successful competition in the information- and service-based economies of the early twenty-first century. 
     To successfully compete, a business or similar institution may have to have the following communication tools: effective call processing; integrated messaging (voice, fax, and data); a presence on a global communications network such as a Web site or other presence on the World Wide Web; electronic commerce (e-commerce); automated facsimile (fax) processing with broadcast capabilities; effective customer/client connectivity with information sharing (so-called Extranets); knowledge management; file and print services; remote access for telecommuting and traveling members of the business and other people such as customers, vendors, and the like. 
     Today, however, generally only the largest businesses have more than a few of these competitive communications tools. Small-to-medium-sized businesses and similar institutions generally are equipped with telephone equipment and a simple fax machine. It is unusual for a small-to-medium-sized business to have additional competitive communications tools. 
     What prevents a small-to-medium-sized business from having advanced competitive communications tools? An answer to this question is that the acquisition, maintenance, use, and service of such communication tools are difficult challenges for the business to overcome. 
     For example, consider the difficulties encountered by a small-to-medium-sized business in the acquisition of basic communications tools such as telephone equipment, a fax machine, and e-mail or a Web site. For the telephone equipment, the business purchases connections to the telephone network from the local or other carrier and may negotiate a service contract with the carrier. The voice lines of the telephone equipment, of course, must be connected with a telephone switch to provide inbound/outbound access and intra-company voice communications. The business then may spend some time in making a decision on facts relating to the type, characteristics, and costs of the long distance service the business is to receive. One or more dedicated fax lines are purchased, as well as a fax machine, and related peripherals and software as appropriate. If the business deems it critical to have a Web site, the business hires a consultant to produce and maintain the site. The site must be “hosted” by a service provider, meaning another vendor to select, contact, negotiate with, pay, etc. Employees may require e-mail, Internet e-mail, and Web access, which tools may require yet another vendor or vendors and a high-speed connection with local-area network connectivity. The list of tasks for the business with respect to communications tools goes on, but these examples show the challenges facing the small-to-medium-sized business. 
     Given the difficulties in the acquisition of basic communications tools, the acquisition, maintenance, use, and service of advanced communications tools may be even more difficult. A small-to-medium-sized business or similar institution typically does not have the resources (personnel, financial, space, or time) to acquire, use, maintain, and service such additional communications tools. In contrast, large businesses may have the appropriate resources so as to avoid the resource problems faced by small-to-medium-sized businesses. These problems at least include: the large number and variety of available products for use in modern communication systems, the relative size and complexity of such systems, the difficulties in information gathering, procurement, installation, maintenance and service of such large, complex systems, and the high costs associated with such large, complex systems. 
     For example, a large business may have a dedicated in-house staff of communications and/or information professionals having a wide array of knowledge, experience, and skills on creating integrated communications systems designed to meet the needs of the business. But the small-to-medium-sized business often cannot afford an in-house staff nor hire the consultants that would be needed to acquire the communications tools that would help the business compete with other businesses. 
     Some of the problems associated with modern communications systems also may stem from the fact that many different technologies are necessary in the operation of such systems. For example, the following technologies may be necessary to process a given media stream: voice, fax, data, remote access services, and their accompanying and associated applications. A large business may commission a custom communications system to incorporate as many of the technologies as the large business decides it may need or use. A small-to-medium-sized business, on the other hand, generally does not have the financial (and other) resources necessary to obtain a custom communications system. The small-to-medium-sized business is left with the option of piecing together different technologies in the form of different products to achieve a modern communication system that is probably only minimally acceptable for the needs of the business. 
     The problem of the small-to-medium-sized business in piecing together a modern communications system from off-the-shelf parts is complicated by the nature of the communications business and suppliers of such off-the-shelf parts. Nearly every piece of communications equipment has one type of input, one function, and one type of output (viz., a fax terminal, data modem, or telephone switch). This uni-functionality comes about because the producers of such products may only have the expertise to develop and market one functional entity. End-users (including small-to-medium-sized businesses) are deprived of the benefit of integrated communications systems. 
     Thus, small-to-medium-sized businesses face the problem that each of these communications technologies or tools may be developed, produced, offered, and serviced by a respectively different company—typically one technology per company. A company generally confines itself to producing products in its area of technology. Nevertheless, there may be a large variety of products with differing features on similar technologies. The result may be a modern communications system including many different technologies with each technology handled by a product obtained from a respectively different company. 
     A suggested solution to the problems of different technologies being handled by products of respectively different companies is the use of a common platform wherein the different technologies may be integrated. However, even if a common platform including the media-processing resources and applications required for modern communications is provided, the small-to-medium-sized businesses and similar institutions are still faced with problems. 
     Remaining problems at least include the difficulties in procurement, installation, maintenance, and service of a modern communications system and the high costs associated with such systems. The typical small-to-medium-sized business does not have the personnel and other resources to overcome the problems. For example, unlike a large business, even a medium-sized business is unlikely to employ a full-time communications and/or information-technology staff. Such a dedicated staff may be necessary to address the issues with respect to information gathering, procurement, installation, maintenance, and service of a modern communications system. Moreover, the staff may be required to train and support the other employees of the business with respect to the communications tools. 
     Communications-equipment vendors generally are aware of the needs of the small-to-medium-sized businesses. The benefits of integrating the multitude of communications functions onto a common platform as a solution to these problems have been mentioned. But the efforts generally have not met with success for at least the following reasons:
         The selection of applications/functions is limited because no single company typically has the competencies to develop all required communications applications/functions.   The resulting limited-function communications system is still unaffordable to most of the small-to-medium-sized businesses.   The resulting communication system of the common platform generally requires trained on-premises personnel to configure and maintain.   The resulting communication system of the common platform generally cannot be easily upgraded to support new applications/functions or upgraded applications/functions.   The resulting communication system of the common platform typically requires external enabling functionality, such as network connectivity, to become operational.       

     Therefore, except for telephone equipment and a relatively simple fax machine, small-to-medium-sized businesses typically attempt to operate without advanced communications tools. Without such advanced communications tools, the small-to-medium-sized businesses are encountering growing difficulties and disadvantages in the marketplace as the effective utilization of communications and information technology becomes a prerequisite to competition in the “New Economy” of the early twenty-first century. 
     Moreover, the communications and information-processing needs of the small-to-medium-sized businesses are shared by any size organization intent on providing a budget-constrained service, such as educational institutions, non-profit organizations, governmental entities, and medical service providers. All have the same needs: they must communicate with the people involved with the organization to improve the effectiveness of value delivery. 
     Accordingly, there is a need for a system and method that allows individuals and organizations to access and make use of advanced communications tools and communications services in an easy and efficient manner so as to avoid having to separately obtain, install, maintain and train on the tools and services from different vendors and service providers. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Systems and methods are disclosed that allow a user to access communications services using a computer suitably connected to a communications-applications support system at a service provider&#39;s facility. The user&#39;s computer is provided with information as to the communications services available. These services may be ordered for implementation on and use with the user&#39;s computer or on the computer used in connection with the support system. The implementation and performance of the communications services on the computer may be monitored, and if substandard, then remedial action may be taken by the system. Also, maintenance, upgrades and new services may be transferred from the system to the user&#39;s computer as appropriate. Advantageously, the user is relieved from provisioning, configuring, maintaining, updating, or educating individuals about these communications services. 
     According to an aspect of the present inventions, a user may choose from a plurality of communications functions or services to be configured on its service node for the provision of communications services to the user. In addition, the user may add and/or remove communication services. Advantageously, the user only has to choose a desired service. The details of adding, deleting, modifying, and/or upgrading a specific application software program are handled by the service provider on the server. The user registers for specific communications services, and individuals associated with the organization may then be individually authorized to gain access to one or more of the enabled communications services. 
     A computer site for providing the server for the present inventions may include at least one Web Server computer designed for serving a plurality of Web browsers and providing the browsers with the capability of ordering communications services and specifying those services authorized for each user. The Web Server may work in conjunction with a separate database computer that may maintain the private database for each user. The database may maintain user statistics that are used to provision the appropriate resources for each user and to determine the charge to be applied to each user at the end of a billing period. Additional computers may be used to host the communications services offered to each user organization. 
     The service node, which is typically placed on the user&#39;s premises or under the user&#39;s control, includes an integrated communications application platform that provides the interconnection to the external network and connection points for on-premises computers and telephones via local-area network (LAN) connections on the user&#39;s premises. The service node includes a hard-disk drive to cache information locally for ultimate transmission to the remote server as throughput capacities allow. 
     The present inventions also provide for provisioning the service node to provide telephone services via the user&#39;s local area network (LAN), rather than through switched-circuit telephone connections such as generally used over the public telephone network. This allows the user&#39;s previously installed LAN wiring to be used for voice communications, in conjunction with IP telephones (Internet telephones—and also referred to as Internet Protocol telephones). 
     Should the user have an existing LAN and LAN server, the service node may be included as an additional server on that network. Should there be no existing LAN, the service node is capable of providing that function, eliminating the cost of a separate LAN server and adding the benefit of outsourced server backup. 
     An exemplary embodiment of the present inventions includes an integrated service node, located on the user&#39;s premises, that hosts most communications and many information—technology functions, such as voice-call routing, messaging, and connectivity. The service node is suitably connected, preferably through the Internet, to a central (off premises) array of computer systems, including the service provider&#39;s server. The server provides those computational resources that may be necessary for a solution of the user&#39;s communications needs that are unavailable on the service node alone. The server is also the source of application software (communication functions) downloads to the service node, maintenance, and billing functions necessary to support the service delivery on an on-going basis. 
     The service node enables centralized provisioning and system management from the server because the service node consolidates communications functions preferably onto one compact platform connected to the server via the Internet. Since all functionality is software-based, the communications services can be provisioned from the server. Rather than requiring that the user purchase a communications feature from a different vendor each time the user desires to add a major function to its communications system, such as a fax server or a telephone system, the present inventions allow the communications service to be ordered by the user from the user&#39;s computer (service node) through the use of a Web browser as a utility, just as gas or water is ordered today. 
     An advantageous aspect of the service node is its open integrating software environments that make it possible to turn what was once hardware into software. One software environment allows software-based media-processing technologies, such as voice, fax, and data, from multiple vendors, to be easily integrated onto the service node, allowing these functions to be added to the service node via software download from the server, rather than through the addition of hardware. The second software environment allows software applications, such a PBX, fax services, or Web services, from multiple vendors to be added to the system by software download from the server, rather than the purchase of a new separate hardware system. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The foregoing and other aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of the inventions with reference to the drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  depicts an exemplary system architecture. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an exemplary media gateway. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary service node. 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram of an exemplary server. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Exemplary methods and systems are described that relate to the provision of communications services to a user. Per the exemplary methods and systems, a user may access communication functions to obtain communication services using a computer or other device suitably connected to a communications application support system (CASS) located at a service provider&#39;s remote facility or elsewhere. Preferably, this connection uses a communications network such as the Internet or other communications network to effect the connection between the computer of the user and the CASS of the service provider. The communications services may be provided as applications outsourced from the user to the service provider. The present inventions generally allow for the provision of communications services to the user such as those usually provided by a private branch exchange (PBX) or a facsimile service. Advantageously, the present inventions relieve the user from having to provision, configure, and/or maintain complex, local communications systems. 
     Exemplary Environment— FIG. 1   
     The exemplary embodiments of the present inventions provide the following exemplary elements for use in the methods and systems of the present inventions as illustrated and described below in connection with  FIG. 1 . A computer  10 A,  10 B, or  10 C or other intelligent device such as an integrated-media integrated-applications communications server (referred to herein as the service node or computer) is placed typically on the user&#39;s premises or under the user&#39;s control (or part of another device found typically on the user&#39;s premises or under the user&#39;s control) that consolidates the functions and/or services formerly provided by physically separate communications products or systems such as a private branch exchange (PBX), facsimile (fax) server, or remote-access server, and that turns them into software-based functions or services. Additional details regarding an exemplary service node are provided below in connection with  FIG. 3 . 
     A server  12 , located on the service provider&#39;s premises (or under the service provider&#39;s control), provides for the hosting of system management and applications. The hosting may require computing resources that exceed those available from the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C. The server  12  also may be referred to herein as the communications application support system (CASS). The server  12  may be an independent unit, may be a set of functions, applications, etc. distributed through a single unit (with other functions) or across multiple units, or may be a part of a server complex. The service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C and the server  12  are connected via the Internet  14  or other suitable communications transport. Additional details regarding an exemplary server  12  are provided below in connection with  FIG. 4 . 
     A media gateway  16  connects the server  12  of the service provider&#39;s network with the public switched telephone network (PSTN)  18  (or other networks as appropriate). The media gateway  16  transcodes the circuit-switched voice transport to and from the packet-switched transport suitable for transport of voice conversations over the Internet  14 . The media gateway  16  is typically controlled by the server  12 , which may include a “media gateway controller” functionality. 
     As shown in the exemplary system illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the service provider&#39;s server  12  and the user&#39;s service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C are connected via the Internet  14  or other suitable transport. The media gateway  16 , which may be located in the provider&#39;s server facility or virtually anywhere in the network, provides media-transformation services between the existing circuit-switched public telephone network  18  and the packet-based format used by the Internet  14  and other suitable networks. The media gateway  16  is controlled through programming by the service provider&#39;s server  12 , serving as a media gateway controller. 
     The media gateway  16  may be a communications system, and generally may be a part of the public communications network. The media gateway  16  includes suitable circuits for terminating the circuit-switched time-division-multiplexed voice calls of the current voice network. It may include multiple digital signal processors (DSPs) used to perform the media-translation functions between dissimilar networks under the direction of the media gateway controller. And, finally, the media gateway  16  may include suitable circuits to interface with the Internet via a high-speed data connection(s). An example of a media gateway is the Softswitch from Lucent Technologies and the VocalTec Telephony Gateway Series 2000 by VocalTec Communications, Inc., Fort Lee, N.J. 
     Exemplary Media Gateway— FIG. 2   
     As shown in the exemplary system illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the exemplary media gateway  16  has three primary connections  20 ,  22 , and  24 . Additional details regarding the exemplary media gateway  16  are provided by the illustration of an exemplary media gateway in  FIG. 2 . As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , a first primary connection  20  of the media gateway  16  connects the media gateway  16  with the public switched telephone network (PSTN)  18  using a suitable high-speed voice connection (or other suitable means). A second primary connection  22  of the media gateway  16  connects the media gateway  16  with the Internet  14  using a suitable high-speed data connection (or other suitable means). A third primary connection  24  of the media gateway  16  connects the media gateway  16  with the server  12 , which may be a separate computer within a server complex. The third primary connection  24  allows the server  12  to provide commands and receive responses that enable the server  12  to serve as a media gateway controller  26 . The third connection  24  may be by any suitable means, but will typically be via the Internet. 
     Telephone, fax, or data calls, for example, originating from other networks and received by the media gateway  16  are translated by the media gateway  16  and are caused to be routed to the correct destination within the provider&#39;s network, using generally user-based call routing as opposed to location-based. For example, an individual located on the premises of Small Business A in  FIG. 1  has calls routed to a suitable destination. The service node  10 A on the user&#39;s premises contains within its local storage routing instructions that cause the call, a voice call, for example, to be routed to an individual&#39;s telephone. Should the individual leave the premises, he or she may so inform the service node  10 A, causing inbound calls for the individual to be routed by the service node  10 A to a pre-designated wireless communications device, for example. Fax calls, video conference calls, and data messages are also suitably routed. At the user&#39;s option, the dynamic call routing described here may be extended to the residential (or other) voice or other services serving the employees, colleagues, or others associated with the user. Similarly, the call-routing facilities of the exemplary system may be extended to the customers or clients of the Small Business A. Even though the exemplary embodiments described herein use a media gateway  16 , the functions provided by the exemplary media gateway  16  may be incorporated into another device, divided among other devices, and/or included in the service node or the server. 
     An exemplary embodiment of the present inventions may be set up to accommodate a single user or customer such as the user referenced in  FIG. 1  as Small Business A. But the present inventions are not limited to a one-to-one arrangement between the server  12  operated typically by a service provider and a service node. Advantageously, the exemplary embodiments allow a single server  12  to serve more than one user or customer. Thus,  FIG. 1  illustrates a plurality of users with each user having a service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C that is connected to the server. The server  12  in  FIG. 1  serves the Service Node A  10 A of Small Business A, the Service Node B  10 B of School B, and the Service Node N  10 C of City Hall N. The number of service nodes (or other devices) served by the service node of a service provider in connection with the present inventions is not necessarily set at a limited number, but such number depends on the features and capacities of the server and on the features and capacities of each of the service nodes connected to the server. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates three types of users (a small business, a school or other educational institution, and a city hall or other governmental institution) that may take advantage of the present inventions. But users are not limited to these three types. Other types of users may include: one or more branch offices of the multiple branch offices of large corporations; service organizations; individuals (at home and/or the office, or other place) such as a stay-at-home parent with a single personal computer (PC) and a single Internet telephone; medical institutions; financial institutions and other institutions. 
     Advantageously, each of these types of users may be provided with respectively different communications services through the use of the present inventions. In other words, a user may configure its own set of communications services that are provided by the server  12  through a service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C. For example, the City Hall C may have access to communications services that would allow City Hall to broadcast local emergency announcements in many technologies to the citizens of the community, and that would allow City Hall to broadcast public service announcements in a different manner from emergency announcements to the citizens of the community. 
       FIG. 1  may be understood to represent that each of the three users is located in a different geographic place. But that is not necessarily the case. More than one user may be located at a single geographic location. For example, a high-rise office building may include many business tenants. Each of the tenants may make use of the advantages of the present inventions by including a service node with an Internet connection to a service provider&#39;s server such as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . In addition, some users may be so situated that their respective service nodes are located in the same place, but each service node serves a particular user. In some cases, two or more users may use a single service node with the appropriate distinctions made in the service node to differentiate the respective users. 
     The description so far has referred generally to a “user” such as a small business, a school, city hall, etc. Of course, each of these users may have one or more individuals who may make use of communications services. Advantageously, the concept of user-based rather than location-based call routing may be extended for use in connection with the present inventions to encompass and serve the individuals associated with a user as an affinity group. For example, School B, in  FIG. 1 , includes students (and perhaps their respective parents or guardians) as an affinity group of the School B. Information for each student or individual of the affinity group may be accumulated, maintained, and used as necessary to facilitate the use of communications services by and for the individuals of the affinity group through the present invention. 
     A user may include more than one affinity group. The access to and use of communications services provided through the present inventions may differ from affinity group to affinity group of a user. For example, Small Business A, in  FIG. 1 , may include a first affinity group that includes customers. Small Business A also may include a second affinity group that includes employees of the Small Business A. The customer affinity group may have access to communications services that allow a customer to communicate with the customer service department of the small business A by telephone, by voice mail, by fax, by e-mail, etc, but only between the customer and the Small Business A. The employee affinity group may have access to a much broader range of communications services such as international telephone and fax service, etc. 
     Example of Installation Actions With Respect to a Service Node 
     Advantageously, it is relatively simple for a user to set up and make use of the present inventions. There are typically eight actions to be executed for the user to obtain communications services from a service provider pursuant to the present invention. Installation of on-premises wiring, if any, is required to connect individual desktop computer(s) of the user (and its respective individuals) with the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C that may be located on the user&#39;s premises or under the user&#39;s control. If the user&#39;s computers are local area network (LAN) connected computers (PCs), this step may be skipped because generally the existing wiring may be used. 
     User workstations/computers (PCs) are installed, if necessary. 
     If Internet telephones are to be used by the user and the user does not as yet have Internet telephones, then such Internet phones may be installed, as necessary, using the same LAN wiring and hardware as used for the user&#39;s PCs. 
     The network connection is provisioned as necessary. The suggested mode of network connection for the small-to-medium-sized-business is an integrated-media digital subscriber line (DSL). However, other means of network connection may be more effective in specific situations. 
     The service node is installed on the user&#39;s premises (or under the user&#39;s control) by connecting the service node to the LAN wiring and the network connection. 
     After being powered-on, the service node loads its factory-installed software from its fixed-disk drive and the initialization software is launched as a system service. The service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C contacts the server  12  via the network connection. Typically, the installed software is software to make the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C operational and receptive to interaction with the user and with the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C. The installed software may include communications functions that have been selected by the user (at the time of ordering or purchase) or that may be included as a basic package in the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C by direction of the service provider. Additional or different communications functions may be obtained for installation in the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C so as to make additional or different communications services available to the user. These additional or different communications functions may be ordered by the user through use of the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C and then provided to the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C by the server  12  as explained below in the operations section of this description. 
     The service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C may be authenticated such as by transferring a factory-installed certificate that identifies the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C as associated with the user to the server  12 . The user also may be authenticated by being prompted to input a matching user (client) password or other personal or business identification number (PIN) or identification device. (Individuals of a user may be similarly authenticated.) 
     The server  12  downloads the operational software (communication functions) needed to support an initial (or ordered) slate of communication services to the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C and the system is ready to provide the provisioned services. Since the operational software is provided from the server  12 , the user is relieved of the responsibility of upgrading the system as technology advances. 
     A Web browser or other mechanism may be used to cause the appropriate operational software to be downloaded to each workstation or computers of the individuals associated with the user. 
     As above, the server  12  provides the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C with the operational software (communication functions) so that the user may make use of the communications services enabled by the operational software from the user&#39;s computer. Advantageously, a user may choose from among many different communications services for use through the user&#39;s computer. Such different communications services may include telephone service, facsimile service, data transport service, IP telephone service, call processing service, integrated messaging service between voice, fax, and data, connection service to global communication networks such as the Internet and other external networks, service to provide a presence on the Internet such as a Web site or other presence on the World Wide Web, electronic commerce services, information-sharing services (extranets), knowledge management services, file and print services, remote access for telecommuting and other reasons, connections to intranets, extranets, and local area networks, cache services for information as necessary, and similar or other communication services. 
     When the user initially decides to make use of the present inventions, a customer service representative of the service provider may provide the user with information as to the available communications services, or the user may obtain the information in another manner such as by consulting a Web site of the service provider. The user may provide the service provider with the user&#39;s choices of an initial slate of communication services, (or may select a basic set of services pre-configured by the service provider). As above, the server  12  provides the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C with the operational software so that the user may make use of the communications services enabled by the operational and/or functional software from the user&#39;s computer. To facilitate use of the communications services, each communications service may include an on-line tutorial that can be invoked at any time by the user. 
     Available communications services may be accessed by the user through the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C. For example, the available communications services may be stored and then accessed from a pull-down menu or the like through the use of the user&#39;s computer. The pull-down menu may include a graphical icon-oriented display for the available communications services. This display may lead the user to additional information regarding a selected communications service. The additional information may include cost of the communications service, availability, and other features of the service. The communications services that are already enabled for the user may be indicated on the display in some way to distinguish them from the communications services the user does not have enabled. 
     Another advantage of the present inventions is that a user may change the slate of communication services through the use of the connectivity between the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C and the server  12 . The user may add a communication service(s) to the services that are enabled, or the user may delete a communication service(s) that is enabled. The pull-down menu or similar manner of listing the communication services for review by the user may provide the user with an indication of what is available from the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C, what the user already has enabled, etc. The user may provide an indication to add or delete a communication service through use of the pull down menu or through some other manner including the use of the computer. 
     Once the user indicates a change to the slate of services, the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C communicates the information to the server. The server  12 , in turn, takes the appropriate action. For example, if the user has selected to add a communications service, then the server  12  provides the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C with the operational software (communication functions) necessary to enable the selected service on the user&#39;s computer. As another example, if the user has decided to remove a communications service from the slate of services, then the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C provides this information to the server  12 . The server  12 , in turn, may provide instructions to the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C to remove the communications service. Such removal of the service may occur by removing the communications service from the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C or in other manners. 
     As noted above, an advantage of the present inventions is that the user may access detailed information regarding the communications services that are provided (or could be provided) from the server  12  and through the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C to the user. The information may include a tutorial about the available communications services. The tutorials may be available at different levels of detail so individuals of the user may choose a tutorial applicable to their level of familiarity with the communications service. Additional information regarding a communications service that is enabled on the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C of a user may include information related to the service such as the cost of the service, the amount of use of the service, a list or other indication of the individuals associated with the user who have been using the service and by how much, a list or other indication as to the recipients of the communications enabled by the selected communication service enabled on the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C of the user, and other information. 
     Advantageously, the service provider may provide announcements to the user such as the announcement of new communications services that are available to the user, the upgrade of a service already enabled for the user, and other announcements. These announcements may be provided as electronic mail messages or other messages from the server to the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C. 
     As noted, one of the advantages of the present inventions is that the user generally is relieved of the problems associated with the acquisition, maintenance, upgrades, and usage education related to communications services provided through the service provider. The service provider maintains, services, updates, and provides education about the use of the communications services that are made available and/or enabled to users. To perform such maintenance, service, upgrades, or education, the server  12  conveniently, efficiently, and economically uses its connection with the service node  10 A,  10 B,  10 C as appropriate. 
     Exemplary Service Node— FIG. 3   
     A service node  28 , such as may be used with the present inventions, typically includes a computer  30  (such as a special purpose or industry-compatible personal computer (PC)), and a communications server  32 , which provides the network-interface hardware to connect the user with the server  12  of the service provider. This single connection, in the exemplary embodiments, transports all media that may be associated or necessary to the provision of a communications service to the user, and may include the transport of voice, data, fax, and video. Multiple alternate connections and connection types may be configured on the service node  28 , if the connectivity described above cannot be provisioned. 
     The service node  28  may include an “industry standard” personal computer (PC)  30 , for use in the general computational needs of the service node  28 , integrated on a single circuit board with a digital signal processor (DSP)  34 . The DSP  34  is a specialized processor utilized to process the media streams delivered by the network connection by executing software programs. Each of these software programs or applications may be designed by and/or obtained from a different organization (vendor) so as to obtain different types of functionalities for use with the service node  28  rather than a single or uni-functionality product obtained from a single organization. The referenced media processing converts the streams of media (or information) from the form used for transport over the network to the form for local processing by the service node  28 , and the reverse for the opposite direction. The service node  28  may also include typical elements of a computer system, such as a data storage  36 , hard-disk drive (not illustrated), printer interfaces (not illustrated), and local-network (LAN) interfaces  3 . 8 . 
     The LAN interface  38  is used to provide connectivity to computers  40 A,  40 B of the individuals of the user and to the telephones  42 A,  42 B that utilize packet technologies (Internet or Internet Protocol (IP) telephones) to transport voice rather than the circuit-switched technology that is common in voice-communications systems. The use of IP telephones through the service node  28  is an advantage of the present inventions in that it allows a user to eliminate the costly hardware required by circuit-switched systems. Each IP telephone  42 A,  42 B, each with its own Internet address, can be reached over low-cost Internet or IP infrastructure that is scaleable without the need to add hardware. 
     Advantageously, the service node  28  also may include the resources necessary to operate autonomously, that is, independently without interaction with the server  12 . Thus, the service node  28  may maintain communications service to the user, but typically with reduced capacity, even though the remote server  12  may become unavailable. Moreover, those communications services may include classical information-technology functions, such as file and print services for users connected via the organization&#39;s LAN. 
     The service node  28  includes a software environment in its functional design that has several advantages over previous high-function communications systems. Optimally, the service node  28  may run a low-cost commercially or freely available operating system. In contrast, many high-function communication systems utilize special-purpose or custom operating systems. Second, the service node  28  may be designed based on an open-architecture software system that supports the integration of DSP-based media-processing software, each software application being possibly independently developed by respective multiple vendors. Third, the service node  28  may include an open-architecture software system that supports the integration of multiple applications from respective multiple vendors on the service node&#39;s single processor. 
     The service node  28  may use high-speed data, automatic speech recognition (ASR), text-to-speech (TTS) conversion, and voice and fax over the Internet (VoIP and FoIP) as media-processing technologies. Each of these functions uses DSP-based technology that is produced by highly skilled and specialized development resources and years of field-testing and refinement. Therefore, sources of these technologies may be typically specialized companies. 
     The advent of ultra-powerful DSPs opens up the possibility of integrating media-processing technologies into one common hardware resource, avoiding the cost of purchasing and integrating multiple fixed-function media-processing resources. But this creates the question of how to marshal the technological competencies of the different media-specific vendors onto one common hardware resource, the service node. The typical approach to creating integrated-media is to integrate the disparate media technologies into a closed-architecture environment. The result is functional equivalency, but at a cost that rules out utilization by the small enterprise. 
     Advantageously, the service node  28  provides an open software environment that supports portability of media-processing software (algorithms) between different environments. This means any vendor that develops a media-processing technology product that conforms to the service node&#39;s open-media specification is able to offer that product for use within the service node  28  (or any other product that supports that specification). The service node  28  allows for functional integration at the application level. 
     The service node  28  may include a software environment that allows the application developer to independently develop and integrate application-level products that interoperate with those of other application vendors. For example a call-processing and messaging application can hand off a call to a LAN-based fax server, all operating on the service node  28 , and all developed by different organizations, effectively marshaling the resources of a large cross section of the communications industry. 
     The service node&#39;s integrating application environment, in combination with its integrating media-processing environment, gives the user of the service node  28  the ability to select a combination of the best applications using the best media-processing technologies developed by a potentially unlimited number of independent developers. 
     The service node  28  may periodically run diagnostics on all subsystems. The service node  28  may report the results of these tests and usage statistics to the server  12 . These statistics may be analyzed by the server  12  to prepare billing statements, offer new services to the user, and/or to order remedial service for the communication functions and/or services on the service node  28 , if required, and to carry out similar actions based on the information received from the service node  28 . 
     Exemplary Server— FIG. 4   
     The server  12  may be a single computer or may be multiple computers or a server complex that may be used to maintain and to use various types of information such as the service profile of each user and of individuals associated with a user, call-detail records for billing and other purposes, the software, communication functions, service applications that have been provided for each service node, and similar information. In addition, the functions of the server  12  may include the routing of calls, the execution of software applications on behalf of users, and providing routine and remedial maintenance of the service nodes and the communication services offered by such service nodes. The exemplary server  12  illustrated in  FIG. 4  includes a media gateway controller  44  for use in interfacing with the media gateway  16 , an application server  46  including the software applications related to the communications services of the system, a database server  48  to interface with and store data related to the communications services and users or customers, and a back-end system  50  for other and duplicative functions of the server  12 . 
     A computer site for providing the server functionality for the present invention may be provided. Such a site may include at least one Web server computer designed for serving a plurality of Web browsers. The Web server allows the browsers to set up, add, and/or delete communications services that are provided to the users through their respective service nodes. The server  12  specifies those services authorized for each user. The Web server may operate in conjunction with a separate database computer that may maintain a private database for each user. The database includes information such as user statistics that may be used to provision the appropriate resources for each user and to determine the charge to be applied to each user at the end of a billing period. As shown in  FIG. 4 , an additional or other computer(s) may be used to host the communications functions, software and applications offered to each user to enable communications services. The additional or other computer(s) may also include Web hosting facilities. 
     The partitioning of the functions of the server  12  across computing platforms is not critical to the present inventions. The server  12  may be hosted by a few or one powerful computer or, alternatively, it can be composed of or distributed across a number of computers, each providing a function. Moreover, the server generally is implemented using a redundant design and configuration in order to achieve a high and assured service level. 
     CONCLUSION 
     The exemplary embodiments of the present invention were chosen and described above in order to explain the principles of the inventions and their practical applications so as to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the inventions including various embodiments and various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. The examples provided herein in the written descriptions or in the drawings are not intended as limitations of the present invention. Other embodiments will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is to be limited only by the claims below.