Abstract:
A server-based nuclear containment operations system can be used to monitor structures, systems, components, and personnel within the containment building of a nuclear power facility. The disclosed and claimed concepts relate generally to a method for utilizing near field communication (NFC) on a mobile client device having the dynamic capabilities of a logic-based computerized procedures system (CPS). The client permits the execution of procedures remotely in the field while monitoring the real-time current state and operation of the systems, components, and sensors of a large facility such as a nuclear power plant. This system consists of a client and server application which provide real-time monitoring of procedure adherence and place keeping, facility clearance information, and work order administration (including tracking an operator&#39;s procedure adherence) and further provides a capability for operator input. The client portion of the system is wireless and is designed to be taken into the field, which would include areas such as radiological and hazardous area where retrieval of completed paperwork can be impractical. The client has the capability to use NFC for physical component identification which enables clearance verification.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The instant application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/151,135 filed Apr. 22, 2015, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field 
         [0003]    The disclosed and claimed concept relates generally to nuclear power generation and, more particularly, to a method of performing an operation on a nuclear facility and a related apparatus. 
         [0004]    2. Related Art 
         [0005]    In order to perform operations such as maintenance and inspection activities, among others, personnel are sometimes required to enter into radiologically controlled areas such as a nuclear power plant containment building. In many instances, regulations require that the person completing the maintenance/inspection be accompanied by additional persons such as a monitor, quality control advisor, or supervisor. As such, the number of personnel exposed to a radiation hazard is increased. There is a need to allow these additional required personnel to view and monitor the maintenance and inspective activities. 
         [0006]    Currently, radiological dosimetry is monitored via thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) and logged and tracked by non-digital means from the screen readings on each dosimeter to ensure that radiological dosage during a nuclear power plant&#39;s maintenance and refueling outage is as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). 
         [0007]    Furthermore, various operations such as maintenance operations and other operations must be performed on or in connection with various components of a facility such as a nuclear power plant, and it is understood that a nuclear power plant contains a very large number of components, many of which may appear to be similar to one another. The similar appearance of many of the various components of a facility can make the performance of an operation even more difficult due to the problems inherent in identifying a particular component that is to be the subject of an operation. 
         [0008]    While computerized procedures have been developed to provide dynamic feedback from the server to assist in making correct decisions, these procedures have been primarily for use in the main control room of a nuclear power plant. Improvements thus would be desirable. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0009]    A server-based nuclear containment operations system can be used to monitor structures, systems, components, and personnel within a containment building of a nuclear power facility. The disclosed and claimed concepts relate generally to a method for utilizing near field communication (NFC) on a mobile client device having the dynamic capabilities of a logic-based computerized procedures system (CPS). The client permits the execution of procedures remotely in the field while monitoring the real-time current state and operation of the systems, components, and sensors of a large facility such as a nuclear power plant. The system includes of a client and server which provide real-time monitoring of procedure adherence and place keeping, facility clearance information, and work order administration (including tracking an operator&#39;s procedure adherence) and further provides a capability for operator input. The client portion of the system is wireless and is designed to be taken into the field, which would include areas such as radiological and hazardous area where retrieval of completed paperwork can be impractical. The client has the capability to use NFC for physical component identification which enables clearance verification. 
         [0010]    Accordingly, an aspect of the disclosed and claimed concept is to provide an improved method of performing an operation in a facility such as a nuclear installation. 
         [0011]    Another aspect of the disclosed and claimed concept is to provide an improved tablet employing NFC or radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to interrogate one or more tags or labels that are associated with a component of the facility and that are situated on the component and, when interrogated, enable the component to be correctly identified. 
         [0012]    Another aspect of the disclosed and claimed concept is to provide an improved method by which an active tag on a component of the facility can employ NFC or RFID to interrogate an additional tag on the component in order to ensure that the additional tag is correctly situated on the component. 
         [0013]    Accordingly, an aspect of the disclosed and claimed concept is to provide an improved method of employing a server and a client in performing an operation on a facility, the facility having a plurality of components, the operation involving a particular component from among the plurality of components, the client being remote from the server, the client and the server being in communication with one another. The method can be generally stated as including communicating from the server to the client a signal that is representative of an instructed activity of the operation, outputting on the client device an output that is representative of the instructed activity, interrogating a given component of the plurality of components with the client, receiving on the client from the given component an identification input that is representative of an identity of the given component, employing the identification input to make a confirmation that the given component is the particular component and, based at least in part on the confirmation, concluding that the instructed activity is completed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]    A further understanding of the disclosed and claimed concept can be gained from the following Description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0015]      FIG. 1  is a schematic depiction of an improved system in accordance with the disclosed and claimed concept that can be used to perform an improved method in accordance with the disclosed and claimed concept; 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  is another schematic depiction of the system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0017]      FIG. 3  is a schematic depiction of a client of the system of  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; and 
           [0018]      FIGS. 4A and 4B  depict a data flow diagram showing some of the data operations that are performed by the system of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
       
    
    
       [0019]    Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the Specification. 
       DESCRIPTION 
       [0020]    A system  4  is shown schematically in  FIG. 1  and is depicted as being used in conjunction with a nuclear containment  8  of a nuclear power plant. The system  4  includes a server  12  which is utilized to easily and efficiently transmit critical data from radiologically controlled areas via imaging sensors, audio equipment, biometric sensors (i.e., body temperature sensors, heart rate monitors), and radiological dosimetry measurements via wireless communications within a nuclear power plant&#39;s containment  8  and transmit this critical data via the server  12  to authenticated users globally who are located in safe, non-radiologically controlled environments to reduce overall nuclear outage dosages. This also increases data accessibility to qualified analysts globally who can interpret that data to make critical decisions without requiring travel to the site. While the exemplary system  4  is depicted in  FIG. 1  as being situated inside the nuclear containment  8 , it is noted that certain components of the system  4 , such as the server  12  or other components of the system  4 , can likewise be situated outside the nuclear containment  8  without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed and claimed concept. 
         [0021]    To ensure that ALARA radiological dosage is maintained, the system  4  allows visual and audio monitoring of the containment building to occur from a non-radiologically controlled area. This monitoring allows audio, visual, biometrics, and radiological dosage information to be tracked from an area where the overall project dosage is not increased. This will reduce the number of workers that would be necessary inside the containment, which advantageously increases the overall safety of the containment entry. The system  4  also tracks the radiological dosage as monitored by a separate device (e.g., as monitored by the radiological sensors) which monitors and communicates (wirelessly or hard wired) data to the server  12  which communicates that information to the non-radiologically controlled area and elsewhere. 
         [0022]    The server  12  functions as a communications server that connects all nuclear containment surveillance monitoring sensors to a local area network. The local area network advantageously provides the collected information to personnel outside of the radiologically controlled area to significantly reduce overall worker radiation exposure. 
         [0023]    The radiological sensors may be implemented in the following exemplary manner: The radiological dosage can be monitored via an analog signal measurement system comprising: i) one or more thermoluminescent dosimeters configured to generate output data for an analog signal that is wirelessly transmitted to the server device, ii) a number of upper level discriminators configured to generate output data for the analog signal less than a programmable level, and/or iii) one or more logic devices configured to generate output data for programmable combinations of the output data from one or more lower level discriminators and the one or more upper level discriminators. As employed herein, the expression “a number of” and variations thereof shall refer broadly to any non-zero quantity, including a quantity of one. 
         [0024]    The system  4  is also structured to be an audio/video/biometric/radiological dosimetry monitoring system comprising a video camera unit that may include a video camera adapted to generate video and audio signals from within a nuclear power plant&#39;s containment building and a wireless transceiver for transmitting video, audio, biometric, and radiological dosimetry signals to a remote location. This may be in combination with a receiver unit having a wireless receiver for receiving signals transmitted from the camera unit and audio and video output terminals for outputting signals received by the receiver. 
         [0025]    The system  4  includes a number of routines  52  which provide an electronic record of procedure completion, project document management, real time monitoring of procedure adherence, remote administration of documents, and/or project tracking and administration. The system  4  further includes a client  16  that is designed to be taken into radiological or other hazardous areas where retrieval of completed paperwork can be impractical. The server  12  can be set up outside the hazardous area and track the procedure adherence and document the completion paperwork for project reports. 
         [0026]    The server  12  is depicted in  FIG. 2  as being connected with a systems data server  24  and a business data server  28  that provide various appropriate data and other inputs to the server  12 . The business data server  28  is depicted as being connected with a component  20 A of the nuclear power plant facility (symbolized by the nuclear containment  8  in  FIG. 1 ).  FIG. 1  depicts the component  20 A and additionally depicts other components  20 B and  20 C that are intended to represent the plurality of components that together from the nuclear power plant or other facility. The components  20 A,  20 B, and  20 C may be individually and/or collectively referred to herein with the numeral  20 , some or all of which being connected with the business data server  28 . 
         [0027]    The components  20  may be very similar in appearance to one another and/or may be in very close proximity to one another. Such similarity and/or proximity can make more difficult the performance of an operation, such as a maintenance operation or other operation, that involves any particular component  20  (it being reiterated that the components  20 A,  20 B, and  20 C are merely representative of the vast number of components that together may form the facility). Such difficulty in the performance of an operation may be further enhanced since many of the components  20  may be situated within a nuclear environment in which documents that might otherwise assist in identifying a component  20  may be unavailable. 
         [0028]    Advantageously, therefore, the client  16  is remote from the server  12  but is in communication therewith, such as by wireless communication as is depicted in the instant exemplary embodiment. The exemplary client  16  is in the form of a tablet device that includes a processor apparatus  32 , an input apparatus  36 , and an output apparatus  40 , such as are depicted generally in  FIG. 3 . The processor apparatus  32  receives input signals from the input apparatus  36  and provides output signals to the output apparatus  40 . The processor apparatus  32  includes a processor  44  and a memory  48  that are operatively in communication with one another. The memory  48  has stored therein the aforementioned routines  52  that are executable on the processor  44  to cause the client  16  and potentially the server  12  to perform certain operations. 
         [0029]    The input apparatus  36  can include a camera  56  that is configured to read a barcode  80  or other indication that may be provided on a component  20 . The client  16  additionally includes an NFC transceiver  60  that includes a receiver component  62  which can be considered to be a part of the input apparatus  36 . The client  16  further includes a visual display  64  such as an LCD display and/or indicator lamps that are a part of the output apparatus  40 . The LCD display may be a component of a touch screen on the client  16 , with a touch component of such a touch screen being a part of the input apparatus  36 . 
         [0030]    The exemplary component  20 A that is depicted in  FIG. 2  has situated thereon an instrument transmitter  68  that is a part of the ordinary instrumentation of the component  20 A and which is in communication with the business server  28  and, in turn, with the server  12 . The instrument transmitter  68  is configured to communicate to the server  12  the operating parameters, status, conditions, etc. that are relevant to or that prevail in the component  20 A. For example, if the component  20 A is a valve, the various data elements that may be provided via the instrument transmitter  68  may include whether the valve is in an ON or an OFF condition, and may additionally or alternatively include pressure, temperature, flow rate, and/or any of a variety of other data that may be relevant to the computerized logic that is stored in and executed on the server  12  and/or the client  16 . 
         [0031]    The component  20 A additionally includes an active NFC device  72  or “tag” that may be affixed to or situated on the component  20 A and which includes a local transceiver  76  that can be interrogated by the NFC transceiver  60  of the client  16 . When the NFC device  72  is interrogated by the client  16 , the NFC device  72  can respond to the client  16  with an identification signal which, when received by the receiver  62 , functions as an identification input that is representative of an identity of the component  20 A. The identification input can then be wirelessly communicated from the client  16  to the server  12  in order to verify that the component  20 A whose NFC device  72  has just been interrogated by the client  16  is the correct component  20  that is the target of the operation begun by the technician. The NFC device  72  can additionally be configured such that upon a further interrogation or other interrogation by the client  16 , it will provide to the client  16  a status signal which, when received by the receiver  62 , serves as a status input that is representative of a status of the component  20 A, such as being in an ON state or an OFF state, a temperature, a pressure, etc., without limitation. The status of the component  20 A can additionally be wirelessly communicated from the client  16  to the server  12  for use as an input by the computerized logic that is executed on the server  12 . 
         [0032]    Alternatively or additionally, a temporary tag  84 , i.e., one that may include a warning such as: “DANGER” or other type of notification, may be temporarily attached or otherwise situated on the component  20 A. The temporary tag  84  in the depicted exemplary embodiment includes its own passive NFC device  88  that functions in the same way as an RFID device, meaning that the NFC device  88  can be interrogated by the NFC transceiver  60  of the client  16  and can provide to the receiver  62  an identification input that is representative of the component  20 A. Depending upon the configuration of the NFC device  88 , it may additionally be possible to communicate to the client  16  a status input, although this need not necessarily be the case. Still alternatively, the temporary tag  84  may employ an RFID device  90  instead of an NFC device. 
         [0033]    It is noted that the NFC device  88  of the temporary tag  84  can separately be interrogated by the NFC device  72  of the component  20 . For instance, the temporary  84  can be the DANGER tag mentioned above, or could alternatively be a CAUTION tag or a MAINTENANCE tag, and other such types of tags can be envisioned. The DANGER tag would be one which indicates a potential for death or serious bodily injury, whereas the CAUTION tag indicates a potential for some type of problem or issue that is of less significance than death or serious bodily injury. The MAINTENANCE tag might indicate that active maintenance is being performed on the component. The temporary tag  84  typically will be generated by the business data server  28 , and the temporary tag  84  will include some type of indication or representation of the component  20  to which it is to be attached. In the depicted example, the identification is the component number “1-VXS-0020”. Since the temporary tag  84  can be mis-positioned by being placed onto a component other than the correct component  20  to which it is supposed to be attached, the NFC device  72  of the component  20  can interrogate the NFC device  88  of the temporary tag  84  and, responsive thereto, can obtain from the NFC device  88  the identity of the component  20  to which the temporary tag is supposed to be attached. When the NFC device  72  obtains this information from the NFC device  88 , it can use this information to confirm that the temporary tag  84  is positioned on the component  20  where it is supposed to be situated, such as if the identification of the component  20  that is received from the temporary tag  84  matches the identification of the component that is stored in the NFC device  72  of the component itself. Not only can such a confirmation be communicated by the NFC device  72  to the business data server  28 , it can also be transmitted to the client  16 , in addition to the NFC device  88  transmitting to the client  16  the identification of the component  20  to which it should be attached. Such confirmation of the placement of the temporary tag  84  increases the robustness of the interaction of the client  16  with the component  20  since the temporary tag  84  potentially can be initially mis-positioned, can fall off and be mis-replaced, or can be otherwise obliterated so that its content cannot be visually discerned. By providing the robust communications ability afforded by NFC communications between the component  20  and the temporary tag  84 , further assurance can exist that the maintenance or other operation is being correctly performed on the proper component  20 . 
         [0034]    In operation, computerized procedures may be delivered from the server  12  to the client  16  as a series of individual steps that are sequentially output on the client  16 , with each successive instruction being output on the client  16 , such as on the visual display  64  thereof, upon confirmation by the server  12  that the immediately prior instruction has been completed. Such computerized procedures are embodied in the routines  52  and in the logic on the server  12 , and include embedded logic that is associated with procedure steps, entry conditions, and continuous actions which are monitored in the background. As the computerized procedure is executed, logic is monitored both on the client  16  and on the server  12 , and real time feedback is provided on the client  16  for use by the technician. By additionally enabling identification of one or more particular components  20  as a part of the performance of an operation, which identification is communicated wirelessly between the client  16  and the server  12 , the system  4  can employ a higher degree of logic that responds to inputs by a technician. For example, if a component  20  whose NFC device  72  is interrogated by the client  16  turns out to be an incorrect component  20 , the server  12  may provide an instruction that is output on the visual display  64  that advises the technician that the component  20  that is the target of the operation is situated ten inches to the left of the component that the technician had just interrogated. Other possibilities will be apparent. 
         [0035]    NFC and RFID are wireless technologies that are designed for varying near communication of devices. RFID is known to provide one-way communication without line of sight within one meter. NFC allows for two-way dynamic acquisition of data within a few centimeters. The short range communication scheme can be advantageous in situations where the client  16  can be situated in close proximity to various components  20  and is especially advantageous when the various components  20  can have similar visual appearances. Furthermore, the use of NFC and its two-way dynamic data communication can enable components  20  that are not ordinarily instrumented with direct communication to the server  12  to be capable of being interrogated by the client  16  and to have relevant status information relayed to the server  12  via the client  16 . 
         [0036]    Desirably, the system  4  takes advantage of the automatic recognition of components  20  and their status via NFC and/or RFID (depending upon the needs of the particular application) in order to ensure correct operation and status of the correct component  20 . Alternate embodiments would permit identification of components  20  such as via the barcode  80 , through character recognition, or via QR tags or the like without limitation. 
         [0037]    The system  4  is usable to perform an operation, such as a maintenance operation or other operation, on a facility such as the nuclear power plant that is represented by the nuclear containment  8 . While the server  12  and the client  12  are depicted in  FIG. 1  as being used inside the nuclear containment  8 , it is expressly noted that either or both can be used outside the containment without departing from the present concept. The operation may involve a particular component  20  from among the plurality of components  20 , and the client  16  is usable in identifying whether a given component  20  of the facility is the particular component that is the subject of the operation. An instructed activity of the operation, such as a first instructed step in a sequence of steps, can be communicated from the server  12  to the client  16  as a wireless signal. The instructed activity can then be output on the client  16 , such as in the form of text that is displayed on the visual display  64 . The client  16  can then receive from the interrogated NFC device  72  of a given component  20  an identification input that is representative of an identity of the given component  20 . The identification input can then be employed, on the server  12  or on the client  16  or on both, to confirm that the given component  20  whose NFC device  72  was just interrogated is, in fact, the particular component  20  that is the subject of the current operation. 
         [0038]    The instructed activity can then be considered by the server  12  or the client  16  or both to have been completed, and the server  12  can then communicate to the client  16  a signal that is representative of another instructed activity of the operation. For instance, the first instructed activity that may be output on the visual display  64  may be something to the effect of: “IDENTIFY COMPONENT 1-VXS-0020”. This instructed activity can be concluded to have been completed once the component  20 A of  FIG. 2  has been scanned by the client  16  by interrogating its NFC device  72 , and its identity confirmed by the server  12  and/or the client. Afterward, the next instructed activity that could be output on the visual display  64  might be something such as “CONFIRM THAT COMPONENT 1-VXS-0020 IS IN AN OFF CONDITION”, by way of example. 
         [0039]    As mentioned above, a part of the interrogation of the NFC device  72  can include receiving from the NFC device  72  a status input that is representative of a status of the given component  20 A. The status and/or the identification input can be employed as inputs to the logic routine that is executed on the server  12  and/or on the client  16 . 
         [0040]    It thus can be seen that the server  12 /client  16  architecture provides dynamic updating of information on the server as well as on the client  16  regarding the facility. Other advantages will be apparent. 
         [0041]    While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and alternatives to those details could be developed in light of the overall teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the particular embodiments disclosed are meant to be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the invention which is to be given the full breadth of the foregoing disclosure.