Abstract:
A full width single in-line memory module (SIMM) for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) memory expansions is disclosed. A printed circuit board having a multiplicity of DRAM memory elements mounted thereto is arranged in a data path having a width of 144 bits. The SIMM of the present invention further includes on-board drivers to buffer and drive signals in close proximity to the memory elements. In addition, electrically conductive traces are routed on the circuit board in such a manner to reduce loading and trace capacitance to minimize signal skew to the distributed memory elements. The SIMM further includes a high pin density dual readout connector structure receiving electrical traces from both sides of the circuit board for enhanced functionality. The SIMM is installed in complementary sockets one SIMM, at a time to provide memory expansion in full width increments. Finally, symmetrical power and ground routings to the connector structure insure that the SIMM cannot be inserted incorrectly, wherein physically reversing the SIMM in the connector slot will not reverse power the SIMM.

Description:
This is a continuation application of Ser. No. 08/279,824, filed Jul. 25, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,383,148, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/115,438, filed Sep. 1, 1993, abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 07/886,413, filed May 19, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,270,964. 
     RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is related to U.S. Pat. No. 5,260,892, entitled `High Speed Electrical Signal Interconnect Structure`, issued Nov. 9, 1993, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,265,218, entitled `Bus Architecture for Integrated Data and Video Memory`, issued Nov. 23, 1993. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the field of computer systems and memory hardware. More particularly, the present invention relates to modular circuit boards which may be combined to form a memory structure within a computer system. 
     ART BACKGROUND 
     Single In-Line Memory Modules (&#34;SIMMs&#34;) are compact circuit boards designed to accommodate surface mount memory chips. SIMMs were developed to provide compact and easy to manage modular memory components for user installation in computer systems designed to accept such SIMMs. SIMMs generally are easily inserted into a connector within the computer system, the SIMM thereby deriving all necessary power, ground, and logic signals therefrom. 
     A SIMM typically comprises a multiplicity of random access memory (&#34;RAM&#34;) chips mounted to a printed circuit board. Depending on the user&#39;s needs, the RAM memory chips may be dynamic RAM (DRAM), non volatile static RAM (SRAM) or video RAM (VRAM). Because DRAM memories are larger and cheaper than memory cells for SRAMs, DRAMs are widely used as the principal building block for main memories in computer systems. SRAM and VRAM SIMMs have more limited application for special purposes such as extremely fast cache memories and video frame buffers, respectively. Because DRAMs form the largest portion of a computer system memory, it is therefore desirable that memory modules flexibly accommodate the computation needs of a user as the users&#39; requirements change over time. Moreover, it is desirable that the SIMM modules may be added to the computer system with a minimum user difficulty, specifically in terms of configuration of a SIMM within a particular memory structure. In the past, SIMMs have generally been designed to provide memory increments of one or more megabytes (MB), but where the memory addition comprises only a portion of the full data path used in the computer system. A leading example of the prior art organization and structure is that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,656,605, issued Apr. 7, 1987 to Clayton. Clayton discloses a compact modular memory circuit board to which are mounted nine memory chips which are arranged to provide memory increments in eight bit (one byte) data widths, plus parity bits. Thus, because most computer systems use data paths of 32, 64 or more bits, the SIMM constructed according to Clayton cannot provide a memory increment for the entire data path. Instead the user must obtain and install multiple SIMMs, in combination with performing any additional configuration requirements necessary to make the separate SIMMs modules function as a single memory unit, such as setting base addresses for the SIMM modules installed. 
     As a result, a user seeking to increase his usable main memory by adding SIMMs constructed according to the prior art, typically must insert multiple SIMMs to achieve a memory expansion for the entire data path of his computer. The foregoing is a consequence of typical prior art SIMM architecture, wherein the SIMM is arranged around DRAM parts which comprise one byte wide memory increments. Thus in a data path having a width of 32 bits, there being eight bits per byte, a 1 megabyte expansion of main memory using SIMMs constructed according to the prior art would require four SIMM modules each of one megabyte capacity in order to obtain a full data path expansion of one megabyte. 
     As will be described in more detail in the following detailed description, the present invention provides, among other attributes, facility for providing memory expansion in full data path widths, thereby relieving the user of configuring and installing multiple SIMMs modules to obtain any desired memory increment. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A full width single in-line memory module (SIMM) for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) memory expansions is disclosed. A printed circuit board having a multiplicity of DRAM memory elements mounted thereto is arranged in a data path having a width of 144 bits. The SIMM of the present invention further includes on-board drivers to buffer and drive signals in dose proximity to the memory elements. In addition, electrically conductive traces are routed on the circuit board in such a manner to reduce loading and trace capacitance to minimize signal skew to the distributed memory elements. The SIMM further includes a high pin density dual read-out connector structure receiving electrical traces from both sides of the circuit board for enhanced functionality. The SIMM is installed in complementary sockets one SIMM at a time to provide memory expansion in full width increments. Finally, symmetrical power and ground routings to the connector structure insure that the SIMM cannot be inserted incorrectly, wherein physically reversing the SIMM in the connector slot will not reverse power the SIMM. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description given below and from the accompanying drawings of the preferred embodiment of the invention in which: 
     FIG. 1a illustrates the electrical schematic of a first side of the single in-line memory module (SIMM) according to the teachings of the present invention. 
     FIG. 1b illustrates the electrical schematic for a left-to-right mirror image layout of memory elements on a second side of the SIMM. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates the physical layout of the memory elements and drivers placed on the SIMM. 
     FIG. 2a is a magnified view of the dual read-out connector structure on the SIMM. 
     FIG. 3 illustrates the stacked conductive layers separated by insulating dielectric necessary to build up the interconnections for the electrical schematic shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b. 
     FIGS. 4a and 4b are a connector diagram illustrating the data, address and control signals routed to the SIMM. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     A bus architecture for integrated data and video memory is disclosed. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, specific numbers, times, signals etc., are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well known circuits and devices are shown in block diagram form in order not to obscure the present invention unnecessarily. 
     The preferred embodiment of the SIMM described herein is designed and intended to be used with the integrated data and video memory bus disclosed in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/886,671, filed May 19, 1992, entitled &#34;A Bus Architecture For Integrated Data and Video Memory&#34;. 
     It will be apparent, however, to those skilled in the art that the specifications disclosed herein can or may be changed without departing from the scope of the present invention. Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in terms of the data path width matching that of the integrated data and video memory bus disclosed in the above-referenced U.S. Patent Application, it will be appreciated that changing the design of the bus is within the scope of the present invention, wherein the SIMM may be matched to the data path width of the integrated memory bus. 
     Reference is now made to FIG. 1a wherein an electrical block diagram of memory elements mounted to a first, obverse side of the SIMM is shown. In FIG. 1a, a multiplicity of dynamic RAM (DRAMs) 10 are grouped into two clusters 10a and 10b. There are nine DRAMs ten in each cluster. A driver 15 receives control signals, and address signals from an external bus arrangement (not shown) through a dual sided connector 30. A multiplicity of control lines 20 route RAS(row access strobe), CAS- (column access strobe), WE- (write enable), and OE- (output enable), control signals from driver 15 to all the DRAMs 10 mounted to SIMM 5. Moreover, driver 15 buffers and subsequently distributes address signals 21 to all DRAMs 10 mounted to SIMM 5. For purposes of clarity in the present figure, the specific routing of data, address and control lines to all the DRAMs 10 is omitted. However, as can be seen from FIG. 1a, all DRAMs 10 have four data lines, DRAMs 10 being any of several commercially available DRAMs arranged in a &#34;by-four&#34; configuration. As will be seen below in connection with FIG. 1b, DRAMs 10 each of DRAM clusters 20a and 10b are matched with mirror image DRAMs 10 mounted to the opposite side of SIMM 5 and placed in electrical communication by electrical traces passing through a multiplicity of vias (not shown). 
     The specific routing of the electrical traces on SIMM 5 are dependent upon the specific architecture of the memory chips chosen for a specific implementation of SIMM 5. However, all SIMMs 5 constructed according to the teachings of the present invention have a full width data path extending from connector 30 to all devices operating on SIMM 5, including all DRAMs 10, driver 15, and any other logic elements necessary to implement the desired function of SIMM 5. As presently preferred, SIMM 5 embodies a 144 bit data path, comprising 128 data lines (DATA[127:0]), 16 error correction lines (CBW[15:0]) which implement a known error correction code, one RAS-, two CAS- signals, one WE signal and one reset line. The routing for all control signals 20, address signals 21 and data signals 25 minimize conductive trace capacitance and loading in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 5,260,892, entitled `High Speed Electrical Signal Interconnect Structure`, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, and which is incorporated herein by reference. The trace routing control for all control signals 20 are taken from driver 15 to the central DRAM 10 for each DRAM cluster 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d. DRAMs surrounding the central DRAM 10 are coupled to control signals 20 via short sub traces (not shown), thereby minimizing total capacitance, and increasing signal rise times. 
     With brief reference to FIG. 3, the stack up used to route all control, addresses, data, and power and ground signals is illustrated. 
     With brief reference to FIG. 1b, a second, reverse side of SIMM 5 is shown. In FIG. 1b, two additional DRAM clusters 10c and 10d are shown arranged as DRAM dusters 10a and 10b on the obverse side. Each DRAM 10 in DRAM clusters 10c and 10d similarly receives four input lines in addition to address and control lines passed from driver 15 on the obverse side through conductive vias to the mirror image reverse side of SIMM 5, thereby doubling the available surface area to which DRAMs 10 may be mounted. Moreover, SIMMS as presently preferred utilized thin small outline package (TSOP) DRAMs 10 to reduce overall thickness of SIMMs S. When thus constructed, the double sided SIMMS of the present invention is no thicker than prior art single sided SIMMs (e.g., as taught by Clayton). 
     Briefly referring to FIG. 4, the high number density connector 30 used to connect SIMM 5 to the memory module socket (not shown) is illustrated. In FIG. 4, connector 30 is seen to have 200 pin terminations, therefore permitting a large number of signals to be routed to and from SIMM 5. In the preferred embodiment of SIMM 5, it is intended that SIMM 5 specifically incorporate the data path architecture consistent with an integrated data and video memory bus such as that described in above referenced copending U.S. Patent Applications assigned to Sun Microsystems, Inc., Mountain View, Calif., which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. In particular, the data path architecture implemented on SIMM 5 includes 128 data lines, 16 error correction code lines (referred to CBW [15:0] in FIGS. 1-6), in addition to a multiplicity of control signals necessary to accomplish DRAM memory accesses. Such control signals, collectively referred to control lines 20 in FIGS. 1a and 1b, include one RAS- signal, two CAS- signals, one WE- signal, and one reset line per SIMM 5. Thus, not including the control signals 20 which are used for controlling operation of DRAMs 10, the data path used for transmission of data to and from DRAMs 10 is seen to be 144 bites wide. Disregarding the error correction code signals, referred to in FIGS. 1-4 as CBW [15:0], the actual data path width of SIMM 5 for writing and reading data to and from memory is 128 bits wide, or 16 bits, identical to that of the integrated data and video memory bus. Accordingly, SIMMS of the present invention may be installed into the memory bus in full width increments. 
     A total memory capacity available on a SIMM 5 may be computed as follows. Depending on the capacity of each RAM 10 mounted to SIMM 5 the total memory capacity of each SIMM module 5 can vary from four megabytes (MB) to a maximum of sixty-four MB, distributed over a total of thirty-six DRAMs 10. Using commercially available 256K×4 l Mbit DRAMs 10, four megabytes of memory may be provided on SIMM 5. Alternatively, when 16 megabit parts become available, because the addressable address space of SIMM 5 is very large, greater than two gigabits, SIMM 5 can easily accommodate the higher 16 megabit parts and make available a total capacity of 64 megabytes on a SIMM 5 having 36 DRAMs mounted to it. 
     Operation of SIMM 5 is controlled by control signals 20 as will be briefly discussed below. For a complete discussion on the actual operation of SIMM 5 in connection with the integrated data and video bus, the reader is referred to the above copending U.S. Patent Application, entitled &#34;A Bus Architecture&#34;. 
     Reference is now made to FIG. 2, wherein the physical arrangement of DRAMs 10 and driver 15 are illustrated on SIMM 5. In addition to the DRAM clusters 10a and 10b shown on the obverse side of SIMM 5, the SIMM 5 is noted to have two contact regions 50a and 50b on the lower edge of SIMM 5. Contact regions 50a and 50b consist of narrowly spaced conductive contact pads tuning longitudinally across the bottom edge of SIMM 5 from pin 0 to pin 199, corresponding in number to the connector map illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b and the pinout summary in Table 1 illustrated below. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________SIMM Pin DescriptionsPin      Descriptions______________________________________D&lt;0-127  Data BitsA&lt;0-11&gt;  Address BitsCBW&lt;0-7&gt; Check Bit Write Enables/data bus to on board    devices used in Video SIMMCBW&lt;8-5&gt; Check Bit Write EnablesCAS&lt;0-1&gt;*    Column Address StrobesRAS&lt;0-1&gt;*    Row Address StrobesBUSY*    Video Frame Buffer Busy Signal - indicates that    frame buffer is busy doing refresh or reload    operationsSIRQ*    UART InterruptVIRQ*    Video InterruptWE*      Write EnableMRST*    Reset SignalMCLK     MBus Clock - Sent to the VBCIOSEL*   Differentiates between memory address space and    I/O address spaceROE*     Currently used by VSIMM to generate DTOE    signals. OE* on the DSIMMs is tied to Ground.______________________________________ 
    
     In FIG. 2, a detail of the bottom edge of SIMM 5 is shown in FIG. 2a, a magnified view of the contact region of contact regions 50a and 50b are shown in perspective view. In FIG. 2a, it is seen that contact regions 50a and 50b consist of a large number of closely spaced contact pads 35 on the obverse side of SIMM 5 and a mirror image yet electrically distinct set of contact pads 36 on the reverse side of SIMM 5. In contrast to SIMMs constructed according to the prior art, the SIMM 5 of the present invention doubles the pinout capacity of a SIMM by &#34;breaking&#34; the connection between the obverse and reverse sides of SIMM 5, thereby effectively doubling the edge area which may be dedicated to electrical functions. For purposes of clarity, in contrast to prior art SIMM modules having contact pins placed on 0.1&#34; centers, the spacing of contacts 35 and 36 on SIMM 5 are placed on 0.050&#34; centers, the contact pads 35 and 36 themselves being 0.040&#34;  in lateral dimension thereby yielding a space of 0.010&#34; between contact pads. However, the precise spacing and dimensions is not specific to the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that numerous spacing and pad placement schemes are possible using the &#34;dual read out&#34; arrangement as illustrated in FIG. 2a in contact regions 50a and 50b. Thus, operating together, the reduced spacing and dual readout arrangement of contact regions 50a and 50b provide a vastly improved pinout density available for SIMM modules, over four times that suggested by Clayton. In particular, because 200 pins are available for use on SIMM 5, the full data path width of 144 bits in addition to control signals and power and ground connections is accommodated by connector 50 and connector regions 50a and 50b of SIMM 5. 
     As previously noted in connection with the memory capacities according to the type of DRAM 10 installed on SIMM 5, it should be appreciated that the principal benefit of SIMM 5 constructed according to the teachings of the present invention is that memory expansion may be accommodated in full data path width increments. In contrast to memory expansion using SIMMs of the prior art, use of SIMM 5 in expanding memory, especially memory in association with integrated data and video memory of the above referenced copending application, memory may be expanded one SIMM at a time, and does not require multiple modules to be inserted to gain a single increment in memory expansion. The above result is principally derived from the accommodation of a full data path signal path on SIMM 5, thus facilitating easy installation of additional memory. 
     Finally, connector 30 further provides for power and ground to be connected to all DRAMs 10 and driver 15. Notably, all power and ground leads are symmetrically arranged within Connector 50, as is more clearly seen in Table 2 illustrated below. 
     
                                           TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________base   +1  +2   +3   +4   +5   +6   +7   +8__________________________________________________________________________ 0 GND GND  D0   D7   D1   D6   D2   D5 8 D3  D4   D32  D39  D33  D38  D34  D37 16   VCC VCC  D35  D36  D8   D15  D9   D14 24   D10 D13  D11  D12  D40  D47  D41  D46 32   GND GND  D42  D45  D43  D44  D16  D23 40   D17 D22  D18  D21  D19  D20  D48  D55 48   VCC VCC  D49  D54  D50  D53  D51  D52 56   D24 D31  D25  D30  D26  D29  D27  D28 64   GND GND  D56  D63  D57  D62  D58  D61 72   D59 D60  CBWO CBW7 CBW1 CBW6 CBW2 CBW5 80   VCC VCC  CBW3 CBW4 -CAS0                      -CAS1                           -RAS0                                -RAS1 88   -ROE  -BUSY       -VIRQ            -SIRQ                 A0   A1   A2   A3 96   A4  A5   GND  GND  GND  GND  A6   A7104   A8  A9   A19  A11  -MRST                      -WE  -IOSEL                                MCLK112   GND GND  GND  GND  CBW8 CBW15                           VCC  VCC120   CBW9  CBW14       CBW10            CBW13                 CBW11                      CBW12                           D64  D71128   D65 D70  D66  D69  D67  D68  GND  GND136   D96 D103 D97  D102 D98  D101 D99  D100144   D72 D79  D73  D78  D74  D77  VCC  VCC152   D75 D76  D104 D111 D105 D110 D106 D109160   D107  D108 D80  D87  D81  D86  GND  GND168   D82 D85  D83  D84  D112 D119 D113 D118176   D114  D117 D115 D116 D88  D95  VCC  VCC184   D89 D94  D90  D93  D91  D92  D120 D127192   D121  D126 D122 D125 D123 D124 GND  GND__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Power (VCC) and ground (GND) leads are seen to alternate every sixteen pins. If a SIMMS were inadvertently inserted in a reversed position into a memory module socket, the symmetrical power ground leads prevent the SIMMS from being reverse-powered, and likely destroyed. 
     The foregoing has described a physical architecture for a single in-line memory module compatible with an integrated data and video memory. It is contemplated that changes and modifications may be made by one or ordinary skill in the art, to the device components and arrangements of the elements of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In particular, it is anticipated that SIMM 5 may be used with memory arrangements other than the integrated data and video memory incorporated by reference from the above-referenced copending application. However, SIMM 5 is optimally designed for use in the integrated video memory, and the user would derive optimal benefit from use in such a system. 
     While the invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiment, it is evident that numerous alternative modifications, variations and uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description.