Abstract:
A heating blanket reduces the possibility of electrical arcing by providing a series of individual heating elements each carrying a low current.

Description:
[0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/318,986 filed Sep. 11, 2001, and Provisional Application Serial No. 60/318,917 filed Sep. 11, 2001, and Provisional Application Serial No. 60/318,998 filed Sep. 11, 2001.  
         FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The present invention relates in general to electric heating pads, blankets, pillows, wraps and the like, and in particular to such heating devices which include a plurality of separate low current heating elements.  
         DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR DEVELOPMENTS  
         [0003]    Present day warming blankets use one continuous wire pair which is threaded in a serpentine pattern throughout the blanket. As a result, this single wire pair must carry the entire electrical current of the blanket. As the current in the wire increases, so does the likelihood of an electrical arc occurring should the wire break or crack. Since the blanket current is sufficient to allow an arc to occur if a wire breaks, the blanket control module must contain safety circuitry to determine when this condition occurs. This is necessary, since an arc could potentially damage the blanket. The control module must detect this fault condition and remove electrical power to eliminate this possibility.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    If instead of using one continuous wire pair to construct the blanket, multiple wire pairs were used, then the current in any one wire pair would be low. In this case, if a break occurred in a wire, there would not be enough current to generate an arc. Without the risk of an arc, a break in the wire would not represent a hazard and it would not be necessary to monitor the blanket for this condition. This would simplify the design of the control circuits and thereby reduce cost.  
           [0005]    As an alternate design, two wide electrically conductive strips could be used to carry the voltage to multiple PTC heating wires. If the conductive strips were of sufficient size and construction to make breakage virtually impossible, then only the PTC wires would have the possibility of breakage. However, if multiple PTC wires were used, the current in any one PTC wire would be low. Therefore, if a PTC wire broke, there would not be enough current to generate an arc. As with the prior noted design, there would not be a need to monitor for wire breakage. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0006]    [0006]FIG. 1 is a schematic top plan view of a low current electric warming blanket constructed in accordance with the invention wherein multiple heating elements are connected with a common power source;  
         [0007]    [0007]FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating a second embodiment of the invention wherein multiple heating elements are arranged in parallel between a pair of power conductor wires;  
         [0008]    [0008]FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of the connection between the heating elements and connector in FIG. 1; and  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 4 is a partial schematic view of the connection between the heating elements and connector in FIG. 2. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0010]    A first embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 1 wherein an electrical heating assembly  10  is schematically depicted as a heating blanket, pad, pillow or the like. Assembly  10  includes a pliable, flexible outer pocket, cover or shell  12  constructed of a fabric or similar material. Only the bottom half of the cover  12  is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for the purpose of showing the details of the heating elements  14  located within the shell  12 .  
         [0011]    An electrical connector  16  is adapted to be connected to a power cord which receives electrical power from a standard wall plug. A series of electrical heating elements  14  is connected to the connector  16  for receiving electrical power. Each heating element is connected to the common connector  16  and is preferably wired in parallel with the other heating elements to the common connector  16 . As seen in FIG. 3, the connector  16  includes a pair of connector pins  17  feeding power to the heating elements  14  via leads or any other suitable conductors  19 ,  21 .  
         [0012]    The heating elements are preferably single lengths of positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating wire with wire pairs molded within a plastic matrix. However, separate loops of conventional heating wire can be used in place of each PTC wire, if desired. The heating elements  14  are sized to draw relatively low current so that in the event of a crack or break in the wire  14 , there is insufficient current available to produce an electric arc. For example, heating elements  14  can be sized to draw  40  ma at 32 volts.  
         [0013]    By using a plurality of individual low-current carrying wires or heating elements  14  rather than a single high-current carrying heating wire, the heating assembly  10  can provide heat to a user equal to that of a single heating element heating assembly, but with a much more desirable lower current flowing in each wire.  
         [0014]    In FIG. 1, each heating element  14  is connected directly to the electrical connector  16 . The heating elements  14  are shown extending in a mutually parallel longitudinally-extending pattern on shell  12 , however any suitable pattern can be adopted.  
         [0015]    Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 2 wherein a pair of electrical conductors  18 ,  20  is connected to the electrical connector  16  which is attached or otherwise carried by shell  12 . One conductor  18  extends longitudinally along one side edge of shell  12  and the other conductor  20  extends longitudinally along the opposite side edge of shell  12 . As seen in FIG. 4, each conductor is connected to a pin  17  in connector  16 . The heating elements  14  may be crimped, welded or otherwise attached to conductors  18 ,  20  at connection points  22  in any suitable manner.  
         [0016]    A series of transversely-extending individual heating elements  14  is arranged in ladder rung fashion between the conductors  18 ,  20 . The heating elements are wired in parallel electric circuits between the conductors  18 ,  20 . The conductors  18 ,  20  are preferably formed of a robust insulated wire or strip which is highly resistant to cracking and breaking. Because each individual heating element  14  carries a relatively low current, the risks of electrical arcing due to cracking or breaking of the heating elements  14  may be substantially eliminated.  
         [0017]    Although discrete heating wires have been described in the prior examples, the heating element wires can be replaced with metallized fibers or strands woven into the cover or shell  12  in the same patterns as described above, and connected in a similar manner to connector  16 . Alternatively, a metallized coating can be applied to the inner surface or surfaces of the blanket shell  12  by spraying or brushing in the manner of a paint coating. The coating can duplicate the pattern of the heating elements discussed above, or may take any other suitable configuration.