Abstract:
A method for updating drivers. The method may include transmitting a connection request from a first computer to a second computer. The method may include creating a connection handshake in the first computer in response to the transmitted connection request, whereby the connection handshake includes client credentials and driver information. The method may include transmitting the created connection handshake from the first computer to a second computer. The method may include determining the first computer is authorized to connect to the second computer based on the client credentials. The method may include determining a first version level of a first plurality of drivers associated with the first computer is a lower version level than a second version level of a second plurality of drivers associated with the second computer based on the driver information. The method may include transmitting a driver update. The method may include installing the driver update.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates generally to the field of computing, and more particularly to database drivers. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    In computing, drivers relate to software that allows a computer to communicate with hardware and other devices. A database driver may be software that connects a high level application programming interface (API), such as Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) and Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), to low level database server protocols, such as Distributed Relational Database Architecture (DRDA). Similar to many software programs, driver performance and functionality may be improved through an upgrade process that replaces one version of the driver with a new or better version of the driver. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0003]    According to one embodiment, a method for updating drivers is presented. The method may include transmitting a connection request from a first computer to a second computer. The method may also include creating a connection handshake in the first computer in response to the transmitted connection request, whereby the connection handshake includes a plurality of client credentials and a plurality of driver information. The method may further include transmitting the created connection handshake from the first computer to a second computer. The method may also include determining the first computer is authorized to connect to the second computer based on the plurality of client credentials. The method may further include determining a first version level of a first plurality of drivers associated with the first computer is a lower version level than a second version level of a second plurality of drivers associated with the second computer based on the plurality of driver information. The method may also include transmitting a driver update. The method may further include installing the driver update. 
         [0004]    According to another embodiment, a computer system for updating drivers is presented. The computer system may include one or more processors, one or more computer-readable memories, one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices, and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or more storage devices for execution by at least one of the one or more processors via at least one of the one or more memories, whereby the computer system is capable of performing a method. The computer system may include transmitting a connection request from a first computer to a second computer. The computer system may also include creating a connection handshake in the first computer in response to the transmitted connection request, whereby the connection handshake includes a plurality of client credentials and a plurality of driver information. The computer system may further include transmitting the created connection handshake from the first computer to a second computer. The computer system may also include determining the first computer is authorized to connect to the second computer based on the plurality of client credentials. The computer system may further include determining a first version level of a first plurality of drivers associated with the first computer is a lower version level than a second version level of a second plurality of drivers associated with the second computer based on the plurality of driver information. The computer system may also include transmitting a driver update. The computer system may further include installing the driver update. 
         [0005]    According to yet another embodiment, a computer program product for updating drivers is presented. The computer program product may include one or more computer-readable storage devices and program instructions stored on at least one of the one or me tangible storage devices, the program instructions executable by a processor. The computer program product may include program instructions to transmit a connection request from a first computer to a second computer. The computer program product may also include program instructions to create a connection handshake in the first computer in response to the transmitted connection request, whereby the connection handshake includes a plurality of client credentials and a plurality of driver information. The computer program product may further include program instructions to transmit the created connection handshake from the first computer to a second computer. The computer program product may also include program instructions to determine the first computer is authorized to connect to the second computer based on the plurality of client credentials. The computer program product may also include program instructions to determine a first version level of a first plurality of drivers associated with the first computer is a lower version level than a second version level of a second plurality of drivers associated with the second computer based on the plurality of driver information. The computer program product may also include program instructions to transmit a driver update. The computer program product may further include program instructions to install the driver update. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]    These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. The various features of the drawings are not to scale as the illustrations are for clarity in facilitating one skilled in the art in understanding the invention in conjunction with the detailed description. 
           [0007]      FIG. 1  is an exemplary networked computer environment, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0008]      FIG. 2  illustrates a flowchart of the operational steps carried out by a program to update database drivers, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0009]      FIG. 3  is a functional block diagram of the steps implemented by a database driver update program, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0010]      FIG. 4  depicts a cloud computing node according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0011]      FIG. 5  depicts a cloud computing environment according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0012]      FIG. 6  depicts abstraction model layers according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0013]    Detailed embodiments of the claimed structures and methods are disclosed herein; however, it can be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative of the claimed structures and methods that may be embodied in various forms. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of this invention to those skilled in the art. In the description, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments. 
         [0014]    Embodiments of the present invention are related to the field of computing, and more particularly to database drivers. The following described exemplary embodiments provide a system, method, and program product to, among other things, push database drivers from a server to a client computer whenever a version mismatch is detected. Therefore, the present embodiment has the capacity to improve the technical field of database drivers by allowing a client device operating under a previous driver version to automatically receive and update installed database drivers to match the driver version installed on a database server to which the client device is connected. 
         [0015]    As previously described, drivers relate to software that allows a computer to communicate with hardware and other devices. A database driver may be software that connects a high level application programming interface (API), such as Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) and Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), to low level database server protocols, such as Distributed Relational Database Architecture (DRDA). Similar to many software programs, driver performance and functionality may be improved through an upgrade process that replaces one version of the driver with a new or better version of the driver. 
         [0016]    Typically, updating database drivers on a client device is a manual task. Whenever database vendors release new versions of the database driver, all client applications and devices that connected to the database server using database drivers may need to install the new driver version in order to be compatible with the database server. For example, for a system utilizing an IBM DB2® (IBM DB2 and all IBM DB2-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation and/or its affiliates) server, a Java application may need to use IBM Data Server Driver for JDBC and SQLJ in order to connect to the server. If the server is upgraded to build in new features, the database drivers may need to be updated to a matching level to allow support for the new server features. 
         [0017]    Upgrading database drivers throughout an enterprise network may be burdensome since client applications may be installed on many client devices. Furthermore, manually updating drivers across potentially hundreds or thousands of client devices may present significant overhead. If a user chooses to forgo upgrading drivers due to the overhead burden presented by the upgrade process, the user may risk operation errors due to the level mismatch between the client and server versions of the drivers. Additionally, client applications that utilize the drivers may not be capable of exploiting new features made available on the database server since such features may not exist in earlier driver versions. For example, if a server adds support for stored procedure invocation with array parameters, the same support for this feature may be required in the driver via a new driver version. If a user does not upgrade the client-installed drivers to the latest version, the client application may not be able to leverage stored procedures with arrays despite the server capability to do so. 
         [0018]    Furthermore, server and client upgrades may require coordination across an enterprise between different departments. For some client application systems, such as automated teller machines (ATMs), obtaining the latest versions of database drivers may be essential since critical fixes may be included in the latest driver versions. As such, it may be advantageous, among other things, to implement a system that allows automatic push distribution of the latest driver versions from a server to a client device when the client device connects to the server. 
         [0019]    According to one embodiment, a mechanism may be introduced that allows a database server to push the latest version of database drivers to the client application when a connection request is received by a database server from a client application operating with a different driver version than the database server. A client application may open a connection with a database server using an existing database connectivity API, such as JDBC. Once a connection is established, the client device-installed database driver may send a connection handshake to the database server containing connection details, such as driver version, user identification, and password, using a communication protocol understood by the database server. The database server may then validate the attributes within communication details. If the communication details are successfully validated, the database server may compare the client device-installed driver version with the server-installed driver version. If the driver version of the client device-installed driver and the server-installed driver do not match, the server may send the appropriate driver version to the client device and disconnect from the client device. When the client application receives a reply from the database server containing a database driver update, the client application may update the client device-installed driver version with that received from the server and reconnect to the database server using the updated driver version. 
         [0020]    The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention. 
         [0021]    The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire. 
         [0022]    Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device. 
         [0023]    Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present invention may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user&#39;s computer, partly on the user&#39;s computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user&#39;s computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user&#39;s computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention. 
         [0024]    Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions. 
         [0025]    These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
         [0026]    The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. 
         [0027]    The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. 
         [0028]    The following described exemplary embodiments provide a system, method, and program product to push database drivers from a server to a client computer whenever a version mismatch is detected. According to at least one implementation, the present embodiment may determine the driver versions installed on a client device and a server when a connection between the client device and the server is first established. If the drive versions on the client device and the server are not the same, the server may send a drive update to a client application on the client device so that the client application may update the database drivers to match the drivers on the server. 
         [0029]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , an exemplary networked computer environment  100  is depicted, in accordance with one embodiment. The networked computer environment  100  may include client computing device  110  and server  120  interconnected via communication network  130 . According to at least one implementation, networked computer environment  100  may include a plurality of client computing devices  110  and server  120 , only one of each being shown for illustrative brevity. 
         [0030]    Communication network  130  may include various types of communication networks, such as a wide area network (WAN), local area network (LAN), a telecommunication network, a wireless network, a public switched network and/or a satellite network. It may be appreciated that  FIG. 1  provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to the environments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made based on design and implementation requirements. 
         [0031]    Client computing device  110  may be, for example, a mobile device, a telephone, a personal digital assistant, a netbook, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, or any type of computing device capable of running a program and accessing a network. Client computing device  110  may be capable of hosting database driver update program  112 A,  112 B, client database drivers  114 , and communicating with server  120  via network  130 , in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. As will be discussed with reference to  FIG. 4 , client computing device  110  may include internal components  402   a  and external components  404   a , respectively. 
         [0032]    Server computer  120 , or database server, may be a laptop computer, netbook computer, personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, or any programmable electronic device capable of hosting database driver update program  112 A,  112 B, server database drivers  116 , and communicating with client computing device  110  via network  130 , in accordance with embodiments of the invention. As will be discussed with reference to  FIG. 4 , server computer  120  may include internal components  402   b  and external components  404   b , respectively. Server  120  may also operate in a cloud computing service model, such as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), or Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Server  120  may also be located in a cloud computing deployment model, such as a private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, or hybrid cloud. 
         [0033]    According to the present embodiment, client database drivers  114  and server database drivers  116  may each be a program capable of implementing a protocol, such as ODBC and JDBC, for connecting to and interact with a database. Client database drivers  114  may be located on client device  110 . Server database drivers  116  may be located on server  120 . 
         [0034]    Database driver update program  112 A,  112 B, may be a program capable of connecting client computing device  110  with database server  120  and updating client database drivers  114  when client database drivers are a down level version of server database drivers  116  are not the same driver version. Database driver update program  112 A,  112 B may include client database drivers  114  and server database drivers  116 . Database driver update program  112 A,  112 B is explained in further detail below with respect to  FIG. 2 . 
         [0035]    Referring now to  FIG. 2 , a flowchart  200  of the operational steps carried out by a program to update database drivers is depicted, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. At  202 , database driver update program  112 A,  112 B may send a connection request to establish a connection between client computing device  110  and the server  120 . When client computing device  110  hosting client database drivers  114  wishes to access database server  120 , a connection request may first be sent requesting authorization to establish a connection between client computing device  110  and database server  120 . For example, if a client application installed on client computing device  110  wishes to access a database on database server  120 , a connection request may first be sent and approved before a connection between client computing device  110  and database server  120  is permitted and the client application is allowed access to the database. 
         [0036]    Then at  204 , database driver update program  112 A on client computing device  110  may format a connection handshake. Once a connection between client computing device  110  and database server  120  is established, database driver update program  112 A may create a connection handshake in order to send client credentials and driver information to database server  120 . In computing, handshaking may be a negotiation process between two entities within a connection that set the parameters of the connection before normal communication begins over the channel. For example, when client computing device  110  and database server  120  first establish a connection, a handshake may take place so that database server  120  can identify client computing device  110  and the driver version of client database drivers  114 . Furthermore, the client credentials within the connection handshake may include a user identification (ID) name or number, a user password, a user internet protocol (IP) address, and a device identification name or number. Additionally, the driver information within the connection handshake may include the driver type, such as DRDA, and the driver version of client database drivers  114 . 
         [0037]    Next at  206 , database driver update program  112 A may send the formatted connection handshake to the database server. Once database driver update program  112 A has created the connection handshake, the connection handshake may be sent from database driver update program  112 A hosted on client computing device  110  to database driver update program  112 B hosted on database server  120 . 
         [0038]    Then at  208 , database driver update program  112 B may determine if a connection between client device  110  and database server  120  is authorized based on the client credentials within the connection handshake. According to one implementation, the method may continue along operational flowchart  200 , if a connection between client computing device  110  and database server  120  is authorized based on the client credentials. If database driver update program  112 B determines client computing device  110  is authorized to establish a connection with database server  120  (step  208 , “YES” branch), database driver update program  112 B may continue to step  210  to determine if client database drivers  114  and server database drivers  116  are the same version. If database driver update program  112 B determines client computing device  110  is not authorized to establish a connection with database server  120  (step  208 , “NO” branch), database driver update program  112 B may disconnect client computing device  110  and database server  120  and the method may terminate. 
         [0039]    Database driver update program  112 B may determine whether a connection between client computing device  110  and database server  120  is authorized by reviewing the client credentials, such as user ID, password, and IP address, within the connection handshake. Furthermore, database driver update program  112 B may contain information necessary to determine whether a user or client device is authorized to connect to database server  120 . 
         [0040]    Next at  210 , if database driver update program  112 B determines client computing device is authorized to connect to database server  120 , database driver update program  112 B may then determine if the driver version of client database drivers  114  is the recommended driver version. According to one implementation, the method may continue along operational flowchart  200 , if the driver version of client database drivers  114  is the recommended driver version. If database driver update program  112 B determines the driver version of client database drivers  114  is the recommended driver version (step  210 , “YES” branch), database driver update program  112 B may continue to step  216  to start a data transaction between client computing device  110  and server  120 . If database driver update program  112 B determines the driver version of client database drivers  114  is not the recommended driver version (step  210 , “NO” branch), database driver update program  112 B may continue to step  212  to send a driver update for client database drivers  114 . 
         [0041]    Then at  212 , database driver update program  112 B may deliver a driver update packet as a data payload to a preconfigured location on client computing device  110 . If database driver update program  112 B determines client database drivers  114  and server database driver  116  are not the same version, a driver update may be sent in the connection request reply from database driver update program  112 B on database server  120  to database driver update program  112 A hosted on client computing device  110  so that client database drivers  114  may be updated to the same version as server database drivers  116 . For example, if database driver update program  112 B determines version three of client database drivers  114  are operating on client computing device  110  and version four of server database drivers  116  are operating on database server  120 , database driver update program  112 B may send version four of client database drivers  114  to database driver update program  112 A so that client database drivers  114  may be upgraded to the same version level as server database drivers  116 . Additionally, the driver update packet may be sent to client computing device  110  as a byte array using the database protocol, such as DRDA, operating on database server  120 . Furthermore, once database driver update program  112 B sends the driver update packet to database driver update program  112 A on client computing device  110 , database driver update program  112 B may deny the connection request from database driver update program  112 A between client computing device  110  and database server  120 . 
         [0042]    Next at  214 , database driver update program  112 A may install the received driver update packet for client database drivers  114 . Once a database driver update program  112 A determines a driver update packet has been delivered to the preconfigured location on client computing device  110 , database driver update program  112 A may convert the driver update packet to a .jar or .dll file extension depending on the database connectivity API implemented by client database drivers  114  and server database drivers  116 . Database driver update program  112 A may then store converted driver packet in a preconfigured path. The existing version of client database drivers  114  may then return structured query language (SQL) code to database driver update program  112 A to indicate that a new driver version of client database drivers  114  has been made available by database server  120 . Database driver update program  112 A may then install the driver update packet so client database drivers  114  are at the same version level as server database drivers  116 . Once client database drivers  114  are updated, database driver update program  112 A may send a new connection request to database server  120  and format and send a new connection handshake to database driver update program  112 B on database server  120 . 
         [0043]    At  216 , if database driver update program  112 B determines client database drivers  114  and server database drivers  116  are the same version, database driver update program  112 A,  112 B may confirm the new connection request and allow data transactions between client computing device  110  and server  120 . Data transactions may have a time dimension, a numerical value, and refer to one or more reference data objects. If client database drivers  114  and server database drivers  116  are the same version, client computing device  110  and database server  120  may operate at full functionality allowable under the version level. 
         [0044]    Referring now to  FIG. 3 , a functional block diagram  300  of the steps implemented by a database driver update program is depicted, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. At  302 , a client computing device  110 , such as mobile application  322 , individual client workstation  324 , and application server  326 , may begin a connection request with database server  120 . At  304 , database driver update program  112 A may format a connection handshake that include client credentials, such as user ID, password, and IP address, and driver information, such as version of client database drivers  114 . At  306 , database driver update program  112 A may send the connection handshake to database driver update program  112 B in database server  120 . At  308 , database driver update program  112 B may validate the client credentials and check the driver version of client database drivers  114  to ensure client database drivers  114  are the same version as server database drivers  116 . At  310 , database driver update program  112 B may send a driver update packet to database driver update program  112 A when client database drivers  114  are at a lower version level than server database drivers  116 . At  312 , database driver update program  112 A may install the received driver update packet so that client database drivers  114  are of the same version level as server database drivers  116 . At  314 , database driver update program  112 A may send a new connection request to database driver update program  112 B and format a new connection handshake containing updated client credentials and updated driver information. At  316 , database driver update program  112 A may send the updated connection handshake to database driver update program  112 B. At  318 , database driver update program  112 B may validate the updated client credentials in the new connection handshake and determine that client database drivers  114  are at the same version level as server database drivers  116 . At  320 , since client database drivers  114  and server database drivers  116  are at the same version level, database driver update program  112 B may confirm the connection request and allow data transactions to occur between client computing device  110  and database server  120 . 
         [0045]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram  400  of internal and external components of computer  110  and server  120  depicted in  FIG. 1  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. It should be appreciated that  FIG. 4  provides only an illustration of one implementation and does not imply any limitations with regard to the environments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environments may be made based on design and implementation requirements. 
         [0046]    Data processing system  402 ,  404  is representative of any electronic device capable of executing machine-readable program instructions. Data processing system  402 ,  404  may be representative of a smart phone, a computer system, PDA, or other electronic devices. Examples of computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may represented by data processing system  402 ,  404  include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, network PCs, minicomputer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices. 
         [0047]    User client computer  110  and network server  120  may include respective sets of internal components  402   a,b  and external components  404   a,b  illustrated in  FIG. 4 . Each of the sets of internal components  402  include one or more processors  420 , one or more computer-readable RAMs  422  and one or more computer-readable ROMs  424  on one or more buses  426 , and one or more operating systems  428  and one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices  430 . The one or more operating systems  428 , database driver update program  112 A, and client database drivers  114  in client computer  110 ; and database driver update program  112 B and server database drivers  116  in network server  120  are stored on one or more of the respective computer-readable tangible storage devices  430  for execution by one or more of the respective processors  420  via one or more of the respective RAMs  422  (which typically include cache memory). In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 4 , each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices  430  is a magnetic disk storage device of an internal hard drive. Alternatively, each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices  430  is a semiconductor storage device such as ROM  424 , EPROM, flash memory or any other computer-readable tangible storage device that can store a computer program and digital information. 
         [0048]    Each set of internal components  402   a,b  also includes a R/W drive or interface  432  to read from and write to one or more portable computer-readable tangible storage devices  438  such as a CD-ROM, DVD, memory stick, magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk or semiconductor storage device. A software program, such as database driver update program  112 A,  112 B, client database drivers  114 , and server database drivers  116  can be stored on one or more of the respective portable computer-readable tangible storage devices  438 , read via the respective R/W drive or interface  432  and loaded into the respective hard drive  430 . 
         [0049]    Each set of internal components  402   a,b  also includes network adapters or interfaces  436  such as a TCP/IP adapter cards, wireless Wi-Fi interface cards, or 3G or 4G wireless interface cards or other wired or wireless communication links. Database driver update program  112 A and client database drivers  114  in client computer  110  and database driver update program  112 B and server database drivers  116  in network server  120  can be downloaded to client computer  110  and network server  120  from an external computer via a network (for example, the Internet, a local area network or other, wide area network) and respective network adapters or interfaces  436 . From the network adapters or interfaces  436 , database driver update program  112 A and client database drivers  114  in client computer  110  and database driver update program  112 B and server database drivers  116  in network server  120  are loaded into the respective hard drive  430 . The network may comprise copper wires, optical fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. 
         [0050]    Each of the sets of external components  404   a,b  can include a computer display monitor  444 , a keyboard  442 , and a computer mouse  434 . External components  404   a,b  can also include touch screens, virtual keyboards, touch pads, pointing devices, and other human interface devices. Each of the sets of internal components  402   a,b  also includes device drivers  440  to interface to computer display monitor  444 , keyboard  442 , and computer mouse  434 . The device drivers  440 , R/W drive or interface  432  and network adapter or interface  436  comprise hardware and software (stored in storage device  430  and/or ROM  424 ). 
         [0051]    It is understood in advance that although this disclosure includes a detailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachings recited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather, embodiments of the present invention are capable of being implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed. 
         [0052]    Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models. 
         [0053]    Characteristics are as follows: 
         [0054]    On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with the service&#39;s provider. 
         [0055]    Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs). 
         [0056]    Resource pooling: the provider&#39;s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). 
         [0057]    Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time. 
         [0058]    Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service. 
         [0059]    Service Models are as follows: 
         [0060]    Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider&#39;s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. 
         [0061]    Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations. 
         [0062]    Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls). 
         [0063]    Deployment Models are as follows: 
         [0064]    Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
         [0065]    Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on-premises or off-premises. 
         [0066]    Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. 
         [0067]    Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds). 
         [0068]    A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure comprising a network of interconnected nodes. 
         [0069]    Referring now to  FIG. 5 , illustrative cloud computing environment  500  is depicted. As shown, cloud computing environment  500  comprises one or more cloud computing nodes  100  with which local computing devices used by cloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant (PDA) or cellular telephone  500 A, desktop computer  500 B, laptop computer  500 C, and/or automobile computer system  500 N may communicate. Nodes  100  may communicate with one another. They may be grouped (not shown) physically or virtually, in one or more networks, such as Private, Community, Public, or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove, or a combination thereof. This allows cloud computing environment  500  to offer infrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for which a cloud consumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computing device. It is understood that the types of computing devices  500 A-N shown in  FIG. 5  are intended to be illustrative only and that computing nodes  100  and cloud computing environment  500  can communicate with any type of computerized device over any type of network and/or network addressable connection (e.g., using a web browser). 
         [0070]    Referring now to  FIG. 6 , a set of functional abstraction layers  600  provided by cloud computing environment  500  ( FIG. 5 ) is shown. It should be understood in advance that the components, layers, and functions shown in  FIG. 6  are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers and corresponding functions are provided: 
         [0071]    Hardware and software layer  60  includes hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes  61 ; RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers  62 ; servers  63 ; blade servers  64 ; storage devices  65 ; and networks and networking components  66 . In some embodiments, software components include network application server software  67  and database software  68 . 
         [0072]    Virtualization layer  70  provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers  71 ; virtual storage  72 ; virtual networks  73 , including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems  74 ; and virtual clients  75 . 
         [0073]    In one example, management layer  80  may provide the functions described below. Resource provisioning  81  provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing  82  provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may comprise application software licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User portal  83  provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management  84  provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such that required service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment  85  provide pre-arrangement for, and procurement of, cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipated in accordance with an SLA. 
         [0074]    Workloads layer  90  provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation  91 ; software development and lifecycle management  92 ; virtual classroom education delivery  93 ; data analytics processing  94 ; transaction processing  95 ; and updating database drivers  96 . Updating database drivers may be implemented by pushing a driver upgrade from a database server to a client application on a client computing device when the client-installed database drivers differ in version from the server-installed database drivers. 
         [0075]    The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or technical improvement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.