Abstract:
An aligning sleeve for a bundle of fiberoptic cylindrical fibers which comprises an elongated body formed of rigid material with the body having a fore end and an aft end. A passage is formed within the body extending from the fore end to the aft end with this through passage being hexagonally shaped in transverse section. Six in number of evenly spaced longitudinal corners are formed within the hexagonal shaped opening with each corner adapted to have nested therein a longitudinally oriented fiber. All the remaining fibers of the bundle align with these corner fibers with the result that all fibers in a bundle are located parallel to each other and tightly packed within the through passage.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The field of this invention relates to fiberoptic fibers and more particularly to the bundling together of a plurality of fiberoptic fibers which are used to transmit light pulses from an appropriate light source. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Typical fiberoptic fibers are constructed of pure silica or doped silica glass and include a center core about which is located a cladding. Both the core and the cladding are constructed of silica glass. Typically, a fiberoptic fiber is one hundred and twenty five microns in diameter. Some cores could be as small as four to ten microns (single mode) in diameter while other cores may be fifty microns (multimode) in diameter or greater. This means that the cladding can range from a thickness of less than thirty microns to greater than sixty microns. The light that is being transmitted by the core is confined to the core by the cladding. Any attempt by the light to exit the side of the core is reflected by total internal reflection. Typically core cladding configuration is constructed according to the particular usage. For example, a core could be constructed to transmit light pulses in the range of six hundred and thirty nanometers (nm), eight hundred and fifty nanometers, nine hundred and ten nanometers, thirteen hundred nanometers or fifteen hundred and fifty nanometers. It is to be understood that the foregoing nanometer range is typical but actually the fiber could be constructed to transmit any nanometer value of light. 
     Generally, a plurality of the fiberoptic fibers are bundled together in a tightly packed environment. This bundle of fiberoptic fibers has a light entry end with this light entry end to be connected to an appropriate light source. This appropriate light source can transmit a different signal within each fiber or it could transmit the same signal within each fiber. The number of fibers within a bundle can be two in number or could actually be thousands in number. The fibers are mounted in a sleeve which comprises the tightly packed environment. A typical prior art sleeve has a circular through passage. It has been found that placing the fibers within a circular through passage, and even though such are tightly restrained, some of the fibers will actually assume slightly non-parallel positions relative to other fibers. The efficiency of transmission of the light is significantly improved if all of the fibers in the bundle are located precisely parallel to each other. The greater the parallel relationship of the fibers at the entry end of the bundle, the greater the efficiency of transmission. 
     A typical sleeve that is used to tightly restrain the bundle of fiberoptic fibers is generally in the range of ten to twenty millimeters in length. Generally, the longer the sleeve, the greater the chance that the fibers that are restrained by the sleeve are located more precisely parallel to each other. However, because the sleeve contains a circular through passage, it has been found to be difficult to achieve the high degree of parallel relationship between the fibers that is required. Bundled fibers are used to transmit light pulses. 
     During the manufacturing of a bundle of fibers, it may be necessary to measure the angular deviation between the fibers to make sure that the fibers are located within a certain tolerance factor. The bundle of fibers prior to being placed within the aligning sleeve are impregnated with an epoxy resin. The grouping of the fibers is then forced into the aligning sleeve and the resin permitted to harden. The outer end of the fibers are then cut forming an entry end for the transmission of the signals which is in alignment with the outer end of the aligning sleeve. When testing for angular deviation to determine if there is any fiber that is not within the selected tolerance for deviation, which occurs after curing of the epoxy resin, any fiber that is not within the selected tolerance level will cause the bundle of fibers to be rejected and not be usable. In the past, this rejection level during manufacture can exceed fifty percent. This is an exceedingly high degree of rejection and greatly magnifies manufacturing cost. It would be desirable to design an aligning sleeve in a manner to substantially eliminate the rejection of the bundled fibers so that all of the fibers within the aligning sleeve are located precisely parallel to each other. This will mean that the projected light emanated from each fiber will be accurately defined. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The first basic embodiment of the present invention comprises constructing an aligning sleeve for a bundle of fiberoptic cylindrical fibers which has an elongated body formed of a rigid material with the body having a fore end and an aft end. A through passage is formed within the body extending from the fore end to the aft end. The through passage is hexagonally shaped in transverse cross-section forming six in number of evenly spaced longitudinal corners with a single fiberoptic fiber to nest in a corner defining a series of corner fibers. A corner is defined as a longitudinal joint connecting two flat surfaces of the hexagonal shaped through passage. The corner can be sharply formed or rounded. All remaining fibers of the bundle precisely align with these corner fibers resulting in all the fibers in the bundle being located parallel to each other as such are tightly packed within the through passage of the sleeve. 
     A further embodiment of the present invention is where the basic embodiment is modified by the aligning sleeve being cylindrical. 
     A further embodiment of the present invention is where the basic embodiment is modified by the aligning sleeve being constructed of glass or other suitable materials. 
     A further embodiment of the present invention is where the basic embodiment is modified by the through passage being centrally located within the elongated body of the aligning sleeve. 
     A further embodiment of the present invention is where the basic embodiment is modified by the including of an enlarged tapered opening within the aft end of the sleeve to assist in the guiding and insertion of the fibers within the through passage of the elongated body of the aligning sleeve. 
     A further embodiment of the present invention is where the basic embodiment is modified by the fiberoptic cylindrical fibers being all of the same diameter. 
     A second basic embodiment of the present invention is directed to the combination of the fiberoptic fibers of the bundle in conjunction with the aligning sleeve with the number of the fibers within the fiberoptic bundle being within the group of 7, 19, 37, 61, 91, 127, 169, 217, 271, 331 . . . The aligning sleeve has an elongated body formed of a rigid material with the body having a fore end and an aft end. A through passage is formed within the body extending from the fore end to the aft end with this through passage being hexagonally shaped in transverse cross-section forming six in number of evenly spaced longitudinal corners with a single fiberoptic cable to nest in a corner forming a plurality of parallel corner fibers. All remaining fibers of the bundle of fibers precisely align with the corner fibers so that all the fibers in the bundle are located parallel to each other. Utilizing of the aligning sleeve of the present invention essentially eliminates the rejection in the manufacturing of a bundle of fibers due to excessive angular deviation and subsequently also eliminated the testing of the angular deviation of the fibers thereby eliminating a manufacturing step because it is assured that all fibers will be located essentially precisely parallel to each other within the bundle. 
     A further embodiment of the present invention is where the second basic embodiment is modified by the cylindrical fibers of the bundled fibers all being of the same diameter. 
     A further embodiment of the present invention is where the second basic embodiment is modified by the aligning sleeve being cylindrical in shape. 
     A further embodiment of the present invention is where the second basic embodiment is where the through passage formed within the aligning sleeve is centrally located. 
     A further embodiment of the present invention is where the second basic embodiment is modified by the aft end of the sleeve including an enlarged tapered opening which facilitates guiding insertion of the fiberoptic fibers within the through passage. 
     A further embodiment of the present invention is where the second basic embodiment is modified by there being formed within the group of fibers contained within the sleeve a centrally located fiber which can be utilized as a convenient point of reference when moving a light source from one fiber to another fiber. The centrally located fiber will be basically in alignment with the longitudinal center axis of the through passage. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is to be made to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the precise arrangement shown in the drawings. 
     FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through the aligning sleeve of the present invention within which are mounted a bundle of fiberoptic fibers; 
     FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken along line  2 — 2  of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line  3 — 3  of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the aligning sleeve with a bundle of fiberoptic fibers in process of being inserted within the through passage formed within the aligning sleeve; 
     FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view similar to FIG. 4 but where the fiberoptic fibers have been completely installed within the through passage of the aligning sleeve and the portion of the fiberoptic fibers that extend exteriorly of the aligning sleeve showing being cut so that the outer end of the fiberoptic fibers align with the fore end of the aligning sleeve; 
     FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 of a modified aligning sleeve that is to function with seven in number of fiberoptic fibers; 
     FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 of a further modified aligning sleeve that is to function with thirty-seven in number of fiberoptic fibers; 
     FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 of a further modified aligning sleeve that is to function with sixty-one in number of fiberoptic fibers; 
     FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 but of a prior art type of aligning sleeve; 
     FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of the prior art type of aligning sleeve which is shown in FIG.  6 . 
     FIG. 11 is a schematic view depicting a pair of fibers located end-to-end which are positioned to be inefficient in the transmitting of light between the fibers; 
     FIG. 12 is a schematic view depicting a pair of fibers located end-to-end which are positioned to maximize efficiency of light transmission between the fibers; and 
     FIG. 13 is a schematic view depicting angular deviation of misaligned fibers within a bundle showing how light would be emitted from the fibers. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring particularly to FIGS. 9 and 10, there is shown a plurality of fiberoptic fibers  10  that are located in a bundle. In reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, there are actually shown twenty-seven in number of the fiberoptic fibers  10 . Each of the fibers  10  are basically identical and are of the same size. However, it is not necessary that all the fibers  10  be of the same size. Each of the fibers  10  are constructed of silica glass. In looking at an end of the fiber  10 , it appears to be one continuous integral material which is no different in cross-section. Actually , the center portion of each fiber  10  is defined as a core and that core is specifically constructed to transmit an optical radiation within the wavelength range of typically 600 nm to 1650 nm. The core frequently varies in size from less than four microns to higher than one hundred microns. Surrounding the core is a cladding, which is made of silica glass with a lesser refractive index then the core and is integral with the core. The cladding will, of course, vary in thickness from greater than sixty microns to less than thirty microns. The cladding is designed to be reflective for the light pulse that is transmitted along the core. It is the function of the refractive index ratio between cladding to core to keep the light contained within the core and not permit the light to escape but only permit the light to be transmitted along the core. This construction of a fiberoptic fiber is deemed to be conventional and forms no specific part of this invention. In fact, fibers based on other principles, such as having a hollow core, would also work. 
     It is common for the bundle of the fibers  10  to have an end within which is to be transmitted the light pulse. The same light pulse could be transmitted throughout all the fibers  10  or there could be a different light pulse transmitted within each different fiber  10 . It is to be understood that the cable that contains the fibers  10  could be very short in length or could be very long in length. Typically, such cables would be no more than a few meters in length or could be miles in length. 
     It is necessary to bind the fibers  10  in a tightly packed unit so that the fibers  10  can remain in a fixed position so that the desired individual transmission of the light pulse to each different fiber can then be ascertained and achieved. An epoxy resin (not shown) is placed within the assemblage of the fibers within the bundle of the fibers  10 . The bundle of the fibers  10  is then inserted within a through opening  14  of an aligning sleeve  12 . In the gap areas that is shown surrounding the cylindrical fibers  10 , there will be located the epoxy resin. The aligning sleeve  12  has an exterior cylindrical configuration. The through opening  14  has a circular cross-sectional configuration. Almost invariably, because the through opening  14  is circular in cross-section, some of the fibers  10  will tend to become twisted, as is clearly represented by the twisted fibers  16 ,  18 ,  20  and  22  shown in FIG.  9 . This slight twisting which is magnified in FIG. 9 for purposes of description, causes an angular deviation of the fiber which results in inefficient light coupling to or from the fiber. The reason that the twisting occurs is because the through opening  14  is circular in cross-section. There is no structure utilized within the through opening  14  which insures that each of the fibers  10  are maintained parallel to each other. 
     For purposes of description, reference is to be made to FIG. 13 which clearly depicts angular deviation of fiber  18  with the remaining fibers  10  being not deviated. Fiber  11  has a longitudinal center axis  17  which is parallel to longitudinal center axis  19  of the bundle of fibers  10 . Light  15  will be directed from fiber  11  precisely parallel to axis  19 . Fiber  18  has a longitudinal center axis  21  which is located at an angle “A” of deviation relative to longitudinal center axis  19 . What occurs is when the bundle of fibers  10  are located to transmit light between one fiber  23  and another fiber  25 , as shown in FIG. 11, inefficient transmission of light between the fibers  23  and  25  will occur. Only when the fibers  23  and  25  are aligned, as in FIG. 12, will efficient transmission occur. 
     Referring particularly to FIGS. 1 to  5  of the drawings, there is shown the aligning sleeve  24  of this invention. The aligning sleeve  24  is to be constructed of a rigid material with generally a glass being preferred. The aligning sleeve could be constructed to be transparent or could be constructed to be opaque. It is considered to be within the scope of this invention that the aligning sleeve  24  could be constructed of plastic or even metal. Typically, the aligning sleeve  24  would generally be no bigger in diameter than one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch. Although the aligning sleeve  24  is shown to be cylindrical in exterior configuration, the aligning sleeve  24  could have an exterior configuration other than cylindrical. 
     The aligning sleeve  24  has a fore end  26  and an aft end  28 . Formed longitudinally through the aligning sleeve  24  is a through opening  30 . Generally, the longitudinal center axis of the through opening  30  aligns with the longitudinal center axis of the aligning sleeve  24 . The basic configuration of the through opening  30  in transverse cross-section is hexagonal forming six in number of evenly spaced apart corners  32 . Each corner extends the entire length of the through opening  30 . At the aft end  28 , the through opening  30  forms a guide opening  34 . The guide opening  34  is still hexagonal but enlarged and tapered and is to function to compact the fibers  36  as such are inserted in direction of arrow  38  in FIG. 4 within the through opening  30 . The fibers  36  are immersed with epoxy resin  39  prior to insertion into through opening  30 . The fibers  36  are to be inserted until they protrude from the fore end  26 . The protruding portion  40  of the fibers  36  is to severed after hardening of epoxy resin  39  and discarded. The protruding portion  40  is severed flush with the fore end  26 . Each fiber  36  that extends from sleeve  24  is covered with an insulative cover  37  which usually comprise rubber or plastic. The fibers  36  are basically identical to the fibers  10 , which have been previously described. 
     When the bundle of fibers  36  is inserted within the through opening  30 , the fibers  36  are moved to a tightly packed state because the size of the through opening  30  is precisely the size to accommodate the  19  fibers that is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The forming of the through opening  30  and the guide opening  34  to be hexagonal is accomplished by known manufacturing techniques and need not be discussed here in detail. As the fibers  36  are moved into the through opening  30 , as is shown in FIG. 4, automatically one of the fibers  36  will nest within each corner  32 . Nesting means a fiber will kind of fit within each corner  32  and will assume a straight longitudinal position within the corner  32 . This means there will be six in number of these corner fibers  42 . Each of these corner fibers  42  will be located parallel to each other and will also be parallel to the longitudinal center axis of the through opening  30 . Located between each directly adjacent pair of corner fibers  42  will be a single one of the fibers  36 . All the remaining fibers will automatically align with the corner fibers  42  which means that all of the fibers  36  will assume a straight and parallel relationship within the through opening  30 . The net result is that all fibers  36  end up precisely parallel so that when light pulses are applied to the free end of the fibers  36 , the light pulses will be coupled with maximum efficiency into the core of the fibers  36 . 
     In the selecting of the numbers of the fibers  36  that would just compactly fill the through opening  30 , it happens to be that the number of the fibers  36  to achieve this is number nineteen, in FIGS. 2 and 3. There is a centrally located fiber  44  which is desirable as it provides a mechanical reference when aligning such a fiber bundle. The centrally located fiber  44  can be used as a point of reference when moving a light source between the different fibers  36 . Therefore, the group of fibers  36  within the bundle is always selected so that there is a centrally located fiber  44 . The obtaining of corner fibers  42  as well as the central fiber  44  is also obtained when there are only seven in number of the fibers  36  used, sleeve  24 ′ in FIG. 6, or when there are 37 in number of fibers  36 , as by sleeve  24 ″ shown in FIG. 7, or when there are 61 in number of fibers  36 , as shown by sleeve  24 ″ in FIG.  8 . The additional numbers of fibers  36  that will produce a tightly packed bundle in a hexagonal opening  30  and also produce a centrally located fiber  44  are as follows: 397, 469, 547, 631, 721, 817, 919, 1027, 1141, 1261, 1387, 1519, 1657, 1801, 1951, 2107, 2269, 2437, 2611, 2791, 2977, 3169, 3367, 3571, 3781, 4219, 4447, 4661, 4921, 5167, 5419, 5677, 5941, 6211, 6487, 6769, 7057, and 7351 . . . . 
     By using the hexagonal through opening  30  within the aligning sleeve  24  of this invention, it is insured that all fibers  36  comprising the bundle remain parallel. Because all the fibers  36  in the bundle remain parallel, the angular deviation between the fibers  36  can be ignored and does not have to be measured. This results in significant cost reduction when manufacturing optical fiber bundles.