Abstract:
A cyclone separator includes a housing generally symmetric about its central longitudinal axis and an inlet for introduction of a fluid containing dispersed substances. At least a portion of the housing wall is shaped to form a flow rectifier. An outlet for the cleaned fluid comprises a tube through the bottom wall of the housing having an axis coaxial with the longitudinal axis. An outlet for the dispersed substances has the shape of an annular channel in the bottom wall disposed adjacent the tube and adjacent a rotation axis of the fluid whereat high-density substances settle.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention pertains to a cyclone separator with a housing essentially rotation-symmetrical about a longitudinal axis, an inlet located in the vicinity of a front surface of the housing for an essentially tangential inlet of a fluid containing disperse substances and at least one outlet for the dispersed substances and at least one outlet for the cleaned fluid. 
     In the known cyclone separators of the kind described above, due to the design the degree of separation of the smallest solid particles (dispersed substances) whose density differs very little from the density of the fluid, is in general quite small, so that the fluid is improperly cleaned from these dispersed substances. 
     Therefore, it is the problem of the present invention to create a cyclone separator with an improved degree of separation. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Due to the invented cyclone separator, the degree of separation will be improved significantly, so that even dispersed substances which have a minor density difference in comparison to the fluid can be dependably separated. Thus the cleaned fluid can be sent, e.g., directly to control and regulation equipment or to high pressure pumps without any additional filtering steps, and can be used, for example, in sludge suction carts for cleaning of effluent channels to generate liquid streams at high pressure. 
     The cyclone separator according to this invention features a considerably improved efficiency (degree of separation). 
     For example, according to the first design solution, at a specified inlet speed of the fluid to be cleaned (fluid with dispersed substances), the rotary pulse of the fluid to be cleaned is increased by the placement of the inlet at a ring channel surrounding the housing, due to the greater distance to the longitudinal axis of the housing, and according to the second design, by the rotation of the rotor turning in the cyclone separator. Thus, the inertial forces (e.g., centrifugal forces) occurring in the cyclone separator can be increased, so that the separation effect for substances of different density will be improved. 
     Due to the formation of at least a portion of the housing wall at the level of the ring channel in the form of a flow rectifier connecting the ring channel to the interior of the housing, according to the first design, the fluid to be cleaned will be guided with much less turbulence into the interior of the cyclone housing, so that a steady wall flow without interfering secondary flow and with greatly reduced turbulence will form right in the inlet region. Due to this nearly complete rectification of the flow, the fluid to be cleaned will perform a well-defined rotational motion about the longitudinal axis of the housing, starting at the inlet region, so that right in this region the centrifugal forces will effectively contribute toward separation of the dispersed substances. 
     Due to the dish shaped bottom wall inclined toward the longitudinal axis of the housing, the fluid to be filtered will be guided continuously in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the housing. Thus, as the radius decreases, the rotational velocity of the rotating fluid to be cleaned will increase, so that the separating effect for substances with different density will increase. 
     Due to the tube extending concentric to the longitudinal axis, the primary rotation flow about the longitudinal axis of the invented cyclone separator will move concentric to the housing. This likewise improves the separating effect, since the flow is of very defined formation, especially in regions with very high flow velocities, like that occurring in the vicinity of the bottom wall. 
     Since the tube is also serving as outlet for the cleaned fluid and protrudes past the bottom wall in the direction of the inlet, it is necessary that the fluid flow coming from the inlet and rotating about the longitudinal axis be reversed at the bottom wall in the direction of the inlet, so that at least a portion of the fluid to be cleaned will be guided along the tube in the direction of the inlet. In order that the fluid to be cleaned can flow off through the tube, it must additionally be diverted by about 180 degrees. Thus, with each change of direction of the fluid to be cleaned, inertial forces will occur which additionally promote the separating effect of substances of different density. These forces are all the greater, the larger the flow velocities and the smaller the radii for the change of direction of the fluid flow. Due to the centrifugal effects described above, and in particular also due to the two changes in direction of the fluid to be cleaned, at the tube positioned concentric to the longitudinal axis, we obtain a clean fluid which is essentially cleaned free of dispersed substances, which is why this tube serves as outlet for it. 
     The dispersed substances are carried off through the outlet openings in the bottom wall, and due to the fluid flow, preferably a coagulation of the dispersed substances is prevented and they can thus be fully eliminated. 
     In one expedient embodiment of the first design solution, the flow rectifier extends along the perimeter of the housing wall. Thus, in a favorable manner, the flow is directed essentially rotation-symmetrical into the housing, so that a well-defined, nearly turbulence-free, rotation-like primary flow will form in the rotation-symmetrical housing. The flow rectifier can thus have a meshed-grid-like (screen-like) or honeycomb-like structure, depending on the fluid to be cleaned, the speed of the incoming fluid and the amount of turbulence of the inlet fluid. The flow rectifier can also be composed of rods positioned parallel to the longitudinal axis, e.g., along the perimeter of the housing, to form a lattice structure, or it can be formed by gaps in the housing wall running parallel to the longitudinal axis. In this case, the individual channels of the flow rectifier can be linear or curved toward the interior of the housing, in order to control the fluid flowing through the flow rectifier accordingly. The inlet of the flow into the interior of the housing can be affected also by the angle of the channels of the flow rectifier relative to the direction of the inlet fluid. For example, the gaps in the housing wall forming a flow rectifier can be formed at an angle to the particular radial plane, instead of being in a radial direction, for example, so that the fluid flowing into the interior of the housing will have preferably a tangential speed component, so that in the interior of the housing an enhanced rotational flow will form around this longitudinal axis. 
     Furthermore, several flow rectifiers can also be set up along the perimeter of the housing wall, and each flow rectifier will extend over a portion of the housing wall at the level of the ring channel. Thus the flow rectifiers positioned in this configuration can be similar to or also different from each other. 
     Preferably the housing wall will be of cylindrical shape at the level of the inlet region, so that preferably the formation of a defined rotational primary flow will take place right in the inlet region. 
     In an additional, preferred design format, the housing wall is cylindrical-shaped along the longitudinal axis between the inlet region and the dish-like bottom surface. But it can also have a conical shape running in the direction of the bottom surface, or the dish shape of the bottom wall can continue up to the level of the inlet region. 
     In an additional, expedient embodiment, the bottom wall is connected concave to the outlet for the cleaned fluid, so that preferably a well-defined flow deflection of the fluid to be cleaned will occur toward the inlet. This will likewise promote the amount of separation between fluid and the dispersed substances. 
     In an additional, preferred design embodiment of the cyclone separator according to this invention, a ventilation valve is provided on the housing in the vicinity of the inlet. Thus it is possible in a favorable manner, to send the cleaned fluid to high pressure pumps or control devices where an inlet of air is to be prevented. 
     The cyclone separator according to this invention can have preferably an additional outlet tube which runs concentric to the longitudinal axis and in sections within the tube for the outlet of the cleaned fluid, such that an annulus for the outlet of the cleaned fluid is formed between the two tubes, and such that the second tube protrudes in the direction of the inlet past the tube serving as outlet for the cleaned fluid and forms an additional outlet. Thus, depending on the volume of the flow through the two tubes, which can be controlled, for example, by suitable values (such as magnetic valves), a fractional separation of the cleaned fluid or of the dispersed substances is possible. For example, floating substances can be eliminated through the second tube. 
     The invented cyclone separator in yet another favorable design format can have a filter device operating according to the retention principle located in front of the outlet for the cleaned fluid. Thus, in a favorable manner, the filter effect for the cleaned fluid will be increased, so that the cleaned fluid can also be sent even to sensitive control devices or high-pressure pumps, for example. In this manner, the filter device can be composed of a hollow cylindrical filter placed concentrically along the longitudinal axis, and the one end of the filter will be connected to the outlet for the cleaned fluid. 
     Preferably, in conjunction with the filter device, there will be in the flowing fluid, at a short distance from one surface region of the filter, at least one flow control surface, such that a nozzle effect increasing the rate of flow is exerted onto the portion of the fluid passing through between flow control surface and the surface region of the filter. Based on the nozzle effect increasing the rate of flow, preferably the static pressure on the filter surface will decrease at the surface region of the filter located roughly opposite the flow control surface, so that the filter cake will be detached in the filter. In addition, with an appropriate shape and positioning of the flow control surface, with a suitable gradient between filter outer and filter inner surface, there will be a reversal of the direction of flow through the filter due to the reduced static pressure, that is, a portion of the filtrate will flow back into the fluid to be cleaned, so that the filter residue will be additionally detached from the surface of the filter facing the fluid to be cleaned. This filter residue can then again be exposed to the inertial forces described above, and will then be separated through the outlet for the dispersed substances. Due to this self-cleaning process of the regions of the filter surface in the vicinity of the nozzle effect, filters with considerably smaller filter openings can be used and thus a much improved degree of separation of the cyclone separator can be achieved. Furthermore, the filter can be operated much longer. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will now be explained and described in greater detail based on several design examples to which the attached drawings pertain. We have: 
     FIG. 1, a schematic side view of one design example of the invented cyclone separator with a cylindrical-shaped housing wall; 
     FIG. 2, a schematic top view of the cyclone separator illustrated in FIG. 1, with a flow rectifier extending along the perimeter of the housing wall; 
     FIG. 3, a schematic top view of the cyclone separator illustrated in FIG. 1, with several flow rectifiers extending across a part of the housing wall; 
     FIG. 4, a schematic side view of an additional design example of the invented cyclone separator with a conical housing wall formed in sections; 
     FIG. 5, a schematic side view of an additional design example of the invented cyclone separator with dish-like housing wall; 
     FIG. 6, an additional design example of the invented cyclone separator with a second outlet located concentric to the longitudinal axis; 
     FIG. 7, a schematic side view of an additional design example of the cyclone separator according to this invention, with a filter device; 
     FIG. 8, a schematic side view of an additional design example of the invented cyclone separator with a filter device and flow control surface positioned at a distance from the surface region of the filter, and a drive unit for this flow control surface. 
     FIG. 9, a schematic cross-sectional view along the line IX—IX in FIG. 8; 
     FIG. 10, a schematic side view of one design example of the invented cyclone separator with cylindrical-shaped housing wall; 
     FIG. 11, a schematic cross sectional view along the line XI—XI in FIG. 10; 
     FIG. 12, a schematic side view of another design example of the invented cyclone separator with a filter device and rotor vanes in the form of flow control surfaces located at a distance from the surface region of the filter; 
     FIG. 13, a schematic cross section along the line XIII—XIII in FIG. 12; 
     FIG. 14, a schematic side view of an additional design example of the invented cyclone separator with a filter device and rotor vanes in the form of radially positioned plates; and 
     FIG. 15, a schematic cross section along line XV—XV in FIG.  14 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     FIG. 1 shows schematically one design example of the invented cyclone separator with a cylindrical-shaped housing  4 , an inlet  1  for a fluid  1   a  containing dispersed substances, which opens essentially tangentially in the vicinity of one front surface  5  of the housing  4  into a ring channel  2  surrounding the housing  4 . In this case, at the height of the ring channel  2  at the housing wall there is a flow rectifier  3 , which connects the interior space of the housing  4  with the ring channel  2 , and through which the fluid  1   a  to be cleaned is moved into the interior of the housing. For venting the invented cyclone separator in the illustrated design example there is a venting valve  10  provided in the vicinity of the front surface  5 . On the front side  7  of the housing  4  located roughly opposite the inlet, there is on the inside of the housing a dish-shaped bottom wall  6  inclined to the longitudinal axis of the housing  4 , said bottom wall has a tube  8  located concentric to the longitudinal axis of the hosing  4  passing through it. The tube  8  here, is located slightly in front of the bottom wall  6  by a predetermined length in the direction of the front surface  5 , which is located in the vicinity of the inlet  1 . The tube  8  is used as an outlet for the cleaned fluid  8   a , which is carried away from the inlet  1  in the illustrated design example in the direction of the longitudinal axis. In the bottom wall  6  in the vicinity of the tube  8  there are outlet openings  9   b  which act as outlet for the dispersed substances  9   a , which are eliminated in the illustrated design example, through a channel formed by the bottom wall  6  and the front surface  7  via an outlet  9 . The outlet openings  9   b  can be designed in the form of drilled holes, but also an opening  9   b  in the shape of a ring channel placed around the outlet  8  can serve as outlet opening. 
     FIG. 2 shows a schematic, top view of the design example illustrated in FIG. 1, with the inlet  1  for the fluid  1   a  to be cleaned positioned tangential to the ring channel  2 . The transversal movement of the fluid  1   a  to be cleaned is placed into a rotational movement  1   e  right in the ring channel. The fluid  1   a  to be cleaned flows through the flow rectifier  3   a  into the interior of the housing  4  (indicated by the arrow  1   f ). The flow rectifier  3   a  in the design example illustrated in FIG. 2, is positioned along the perimeter of the housing at the height of the ring channel  2  and can be composed of a mesh grid (screen), a honeycomb-like network, rods running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cyclone separator and provided around the perimeter and forming a lattice structure, or by slits in the housing wall running parallel to the longitudinal axis. The channels of the flow rectifier which guide the fluid  1   a  to be cleaned into the interior of the housing  4  (indicated by the arrow  1   f ), can be aligned radially or at an angle to the plane running through the longitudinal axis allocated to the particular channel. If the channels are positioned at one such angle pointing in the flow direction (which is dependent on the properties of the flowing fluid), then preferably the fluid to be cleaned is directed into the interior of the housing by means of a powerful rotational motion. 
     Due to the rotation-symmetrical formation of the housing  4  and due to the tangential inlet of the fluid  1   a  to be cleaned, in the interior of the housing  4  there likewise forms a rotational flow  1   b  about its longitudinal axis, which is also called the primary flow or primary rotation flow. Due to a pressure gradient between the inlet  1  and the outlets  8 ,  9 , the fluid to be cleaned will be transported in the direction of the outlets  8 ,  9 , so that overall a screw-like rotational movement  1   b  will form along the longitudinal axis of the housing  4  for the fluid to be cleaned. 
     FIG. 3 shows an additional possible embodiment of a flow rectifier  3   c , which can be used, for example, in the design example illustrated in FIG.  1 . In this case, along a part of the perimeter of the housing wall there is a flow rectifier  3   c  (e.g., of the kind described above); but also several flow rectifiers can be provided along the perimeter, as is illustrated, e.g., in FIG.  3 . In this regard, the flow rectifiers are separated from each other by wall segments  3   b  of the housing wall. Furthermore, the flow rectifiers  3   c  can be the same or different, for example, flow rectifiers in the form of honeycomb networks and alternating with a mesh format. But preferably, the same flow rectifiers  3   c  are provided along the perimeter of the housing wall, in order to form a well-defined, rotation-symmetrical primary flow  1   b.    
     The mode of operation of the invented cyclone separator will be explained in greater detail below, based on the design example illustrated in FIG.  1 . The fluid  1   a  to be cleaned flows through an inlet  1  into the ring channel  2 , and passes through the flow rectifier or flow rectifiers  3  into the interior of the housing  4 . The fluid  1   a  then flows roughly in a spiral around the longitudinal axis of the housing  4  in the direction of the bottom wall  6  (indicated by the arrow  1   b ) and is deflected in the vicinity of the bottom wall  6  roughly in the radial direction toward the outlet  8 , near which it experiences an additional deflection roughly in the direction of the inlet  1  or the front surface  5  (indicated by arrow  1   c ). In order that the fluid can flow off through the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid  8   a , it must again change its axial direction of motion by about 180 degrees (indicated by arrow  1   d ). A cleaned fluid  8   a  essentially free of dispersed substances flows through the outlet  8 . 
     In general, the specific, heavier substances collect in the vicinity of the wall region of the housing  4 , and are transported by the flow  1   c  rotation-like in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the housing to the bottom wall  6 . Due to the axial reversal of direction of the flow in the vicinity of the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid near the rotation axis, the specifically heavier substances (dispersed substances) essentially settle out there and are eliminated through the outlet openings  9   b  which are located in this region in the dish-like bottom wall  6 , through the outlet  9  for the dispersed substances. The degree of separation is greatly dependent on the rate of flow (and on the resultant accelerations) of the fluid  1   a . Furthermore, the degree of separation is additionally affected by the flows through the particular outlets  8 ,  9  for the cleaned fluid  8   a  and the dispersed substances  9   a . These flow conditions can be adapted to the desired degree of separation, preferably by means of adjustable valves located e.g. in the outlet lines. A typical flow ratio between the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid  8   a  and the outlet  9  for the fluid  9   a  containing the dispersed substances is e.g., 10:1. 
     The cyclone separator according to this invention (e.g., in the design format illustrated in FIG. 1) can also be composed of one or more additional flow rectifiers (not illustrated in FIG.  1 ), which are located in the inlet  1 , in order to rectify the linear flow of the fluid  1   a  right in the inlet. 
     Furthermore, the cyclone separators according to this invention (e.g., from FIG. 1) also are composed of flow control surfaces (not illustrated) in the interior of the housing  4 , in order to divert e.g., the axial directional deflection  1   d  of the fluid flow along defined paths, so that the degree of separation can be additionally affected. The flow control surfaces can be designed in the form of flow elements or in the form of planar, convex or concave curved plates, which are placed in the direction of the inlet  1  at a certain distance from the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid  8   a  concentric to the longitudinal axis of the cyclone housing  4 . 
     FIGS. 4 and 5 present two additional design examples of the invented cyclone separator in schematic format, and the same or equivalent parts are identified with the same reference numbers as in FIG.  1 . 
     The two design examples differ from the cyclone separator illustrated in FIG. 1, in that the shape of the rotation-symmetrical housing  4 ,  4   a ,  4   b  is different. The cyclone separator illustrated in FIG. 4 is composed of a cylindrical-shaped housing  4  in the region of the ring channel  2 , and a conical-shaped housing  4   a  joins the cylindrical one. The diameter of the conical housing decreases steadily and finally passes into the dish-like bottom wall  6 . Because a part of the housing  4 ,  4   a  is of conical shape, the rotation speed in the conical-shaped part  4   a  of the housing  4 ,  4   a  increases with decreasing housing diameter, so that the centrifugal effect increases steadily along the housing  4 ,  4   a , and thus promotes the separation of substances of differing density. In the region of the bottom wall  6 , and of the outlet openings  9   b  and of the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid  8   a , similar flows and separating effects occur like that already described in conjunction with FIG.  1 . 
     Instead of a cylindrical and/or conical design of the housing wall, it can also be designed as dish-like going down to the ring channel  2 , as is indicated in FIG.  5 . In this case, the housing  4   b  in the region of the ring channel  2  is preferably of cylindrical shaped design, however, it can continue the dish-like shape out into the region of the ring channel. Here, too, the rotational speed of the fluid  1   a  to be cleaned increases with decreasing housing diameter, so that the separating effect is increased in the direction of the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid  8   a  due to the increasing centrifugal effect. The axial flow deflections  1   c  and  1   d  in the vicinity of the bottom wall  6 , of the outlet  8  and also of the outlet openings  9   b , occur similar to that described in FIG. 1, so that a similar, good separation of the dispersed substances is achieved. The dispersed substances  9   a  and the cleaned fluid  8   a  are eliminated as described in FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 6 shows an additional design example of the invented cyclone separator which is of a structure similar to the cyclone separator illustrated in FIG. 1, so that therefore the same and equivalent parts have the same designations. In this design, an additional outlet  11  is provided, which is supplied in the form of a tube positioned concentric to the longitudinal axis, said tube is located in sections within the tube  8  which forms the outlet for the cleaned fluid  8   a . Here, again, the two tubes  11  and  8  are mounted with respect to each other so that an annulus forms between the two tubes, through which the cleaned fluid  8   a  can be removed through the tube  8 . The second tube  11  runs in sections within the tube  8  and protrudes in the direction of the inlet past the tube  8  by a particular length into the interior of the housing. Preferably the primary, ring-like flow  1   b  moves additionally along the rotation axis through the second tube  11 , so that the flow is of a highly rotation-symmetrical formation, especially in the region about the tubes  8 ,  11  of the two outlets, which additionally improves the degree of separation. The axial flow conditions  1   c ,  1   d  in the region of the dish-like bottom wall  6  and of the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid  8   a , and their effect on the degree of separation of substances of differing density, are presented similar to that in FIG. 1 in this design example. 
     Due to corresponding selection of the outlet quantity through the outlet  9  for the dispersed substances  9   a , the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid  8   a  and the second tube  11 , likewise the degree of separation for the cleaned fluid  8   a  can be affected. Furthermore, it is possible, through suitable selection of the flow speeds and of the flows through the outlets  9 ,  8  and  11 , to implement a fractional separation of the dispersed substances. In particular, the second outlet (the second tube)  11  is suitable for separating specifically lighter substances (e.g., floating substances) with respect to the fluid, from the fluid  1   a  to be cleaned (indicated by arrow  1   e ). 
     For fractional separation, in particular more than two tubes can be placed concentrically within one another so that they run at least in sections within the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid  8   a , where the tubes of smaller diameter each protrude farther into the interior of the housing past the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid  8   a , and where a ring channel for outlet of fluid is formed between neighboring tubes. 
     FIG. 7 shows the design example of an invented cyclone separator illustrated in FIG.  1 . In this case, with an extension of the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid  8   a  in the direction of the ring channel, a hollow, cylindrical-shaped filter  12  is provided that acts as a retention filter for the dispersed substances, so that the quality (purity) of the cleaned fluid  8   a  will be additionally improved. 
     In general, a filter device can be provided at the outlet  8  which additionally has a cleaning device for cleaning of the filter from the retained, dispersed substances. 
     FIG. 8 shows a design example of the invented cyclone separator which is changed with respect to FIG. 7, and again, the same parts in FIG. 8 have their reference numbers increased by 100 with respect to the identifications used in FIG.  7 . In addition to the design format presented in FIG. 7, in FIG. 8 flow control surfaces  113  are located at a distance from the surface region of the filter  112 . The flow control surfaces  113  are configured in such a manner that a nozzle effect that increases the speed of flow is exerted onto the part of the fluid flowing between one flow control surface  113  and the surface region of the filter  112 . In one simple design of the invention, a flat plate can be used as flow control surface; this plate is set up in a plane parallel to a tangential plane at a distance to the surface of the hollow cylindrical-shaped filter. Additional design formats are composed of flow control surfaces whose cross sections have a diamond-shaped, planar-convex, biconvex or support-surface structure. In general, the cross section of a flow control surface can change both its shape and also its size (cross sectional surface area) along the axis of the cyclone separator. 
     The flow control surfaces  113  in FIGS. 8 and 9 are designed in the shape of the profile of three rods. The rods extend parallel to the axis of the filter  112  and at a distance from the surface of the filter. They are attached to a mount  115  (e.g., a turnstile) and can rotate in one preferred design format, about the axis of the filter  112 , so that the speed of rotation and the direction of rotation can be controlled, for example, by a drive unit  114 . 
     On the other hand, the design can also be arranged so that the flow control surfaces  113  are of permanent design and the filter  112  can be caused to rotate by a drive unit (not illustrated), so that a rotation in and opposite the direction of flow is possible. 
     In another special design format, both the flow control surfaces  113  and also the filter  112  can rotate about the cylinder axis, and the rotation of the flow control surfaces  113  and of the filter  112  can be both in the same, and also in the opposite direction to each other, and in the same direction or opposite the direction of the in-flowing fluid  101   a  to be filtered. 
     FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross section through the design format illustrated in FIG.  8 . The rods forming the three flow control surfaces  113  each have a biconvex cross section and are located at an angular spacing of e.g., 120 degrees around the hollow cylindrical-shaped filter  112  and if necessary, can rotate with the drive unit  114  jointly around the filter  112 . 
     The mode of operation of the design examples of the invented cyclone separator illustrated in FIG.  8  and FIG. 9 will be described below. The surface of the filter insert  112  will be cleaned by the flow control surfaces  113  due to the dosing effect in the region of the increased rate of flow, due to the reduced static pressure (and the potentially occurring cavitation), since in this region the local radial component in the direction of flow is significantly reduced or even reversed. 
     Due to the reduced static pressure on the filter surface and the increased rate of flow of the fluid  101   a  to be filtered, the filter residue can be detached. Depending on the radial pressure gradient in the filter  112 , when the static pressure in the interior of the filter is sufficient, a reversal of the direction of flow can also occur in this region, so that the fluid—instead of flowing from the outside in the direction of the cylinder axis—will flow from this axis in the direction of the flow control surface, so that the filter residue will be additionally detached. Provided the flow conditions have been selected so that cavitation is produced, a detachment of the filter residue can be additionally promoted. 
     If the filter insert  112  is set into rotation by means of a (not illustrated) drive unit, then with fixed-position flow control surfaces  113 , nearly the entire surface (mantle surface) of the filter insert  112  can be cleaned. Due to selection of the rotational direction and of the rotational velocity, the force of the nozzle effect (i.e., the static pressure on the filter surface in the region of the flow control surfaces) can be controlled. If the filter is rotated opposite the direction of flow of the flowing fluid  101   a  to be cleaned, then the speeds of the fluid and of the filter insert are added together, and powerful nozzle effects up to and including cavitation at the filter surface can be created. With this kind of arrangement we have the advantage that the cavitation occurs first at the filter, and not at the flow control surface, so that the cavitation can be used to clean the filter. 
     If cavitation is to be avoided due to material reasons, and if the rate of flow of the fluid  101   a  is already very high, then the filter insert  112  can be turned preferably in the rotary direction of the fluid  101   a.    
     Alternative to the rotation of the filter insert  112 , as described above, the flow control surfaces  113  can be rotated about the cylinder axis by a drive device  114 . Therefore, for rotation in the flow direction of the fluid  101   a , its rotation flow can be promoted and the appearance of a cavitation at the flow control surfaces  113  can be prevented. When rotating the flow control surfaces  113  opposite the direction of flow of the fluid  101   a , cavitation effects and eddy fields can be generated. 
     In an additional design format, both the filter  112  and also the flow control surfaces  113  can rotate about the cylinder axis, and cavitation can be prevented entirely, depending on the direction of rotation, or preferably it can be created either at the flow control surfaces  113  or the filter surface  112 . Furthermore, in general the profile of the flow control surfaces  113  can change in the direction of the rotation axis, in order to adapt the flow control surfaces  113  to any pressure gradient present in this direction. 
     FIGS. 10 and 11 show schematically one design example of a cyclone separator according to this invention, and the same parts as in FIG. 1 are identified with a reference number increased by  200  compared to FIG.  1 . The inlet  201  for the fluid  201   a  containing the dispersed substances opens essentially tangentially into the interior of the housing  204 . A rotor  222  is mounted on the axis of the housing  204  and rotates about this axis and is driven by a motor  223 . The rotor blades  222   a  of the rotor are formed by radially positioned plates which are located at an angular spacing of e.g., 120 degrees around the rotation axis and are held at their ends against two ring-shaped mounts  222   b  in such a manner that they extend in their longitudinal direction essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cyclone. By means of this rotor the rotational movement of the fluid guided into the interior of the housing  204  can be favorably enhanced. 
     FIGS. 12 and 13 show a similar design format as in FIGS. 10 and 11. In this design format—in contrast to the outlet tube  208  extended from the front surface  205  in FIG.  10 —a hollow cylindrical-shaped retention filter  212  is indicated by dashed lines. The retention filter forms a hollow-cylindrical continuance of the outlet tube  208  corresponding essentially to the shape of the tube. In this configuration, the rotor  222  is positioned with respect to the retention filter  212  such that the rotor blades  222   a  extend in the longitudinal direction of the retention filter and at a distance from it. In the present case, the rotor blades  222   a  have a biconvex cross section, as shown in FIG.  13 . Based on this particular format, when the rotor blades  222   a  rotate about the longitudinal axis of the filter, a vacuum is created between rotor blade and filter due to the fluid flowing through between them. This vacuum causes a detachment of filter residues from the surface of the filter  212 . At the same time, the rotational movement of the fluid in the cyclone will be promoted. 
     The design example illustrated in FIGS. 14 and 15 differs from the design examples illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13 only inasmuch as the rotor blades are designed, as is evident in FIG. 15, similar to the design example in FIGS. 10 and 11, in the form of radially extending plates. In this design example, the dimensions of the outer diameter of the retention filter  212  on the one hand, and of the diameter of the path along which the inner edges of the rotor blades  212   a  can move, are kept small, such that the rotor blades act simultaneously as a mechanical stripper of the surface of the retention filter  212 , while on the other hand, under rotation about the axis of the cyclone, they cause simultaneously an increase in the rotational motion of the fluid in the cyclone. 
     The invented cyclone separator can be used, for example, as a self-cleaning supply and storage tank. In this case the fluid la to be cleaned will flow through the inlet  1  into the housing  4 , so that due to the special fluid flow described above, a separating effect will occur within the housing. The outlets for the cleaned fluid  8   a , for the dispersed substances  9   a  and for any floating substances  11   a , can be closed, for example, by valves, so that after the inlet of the fluid containing the dispersed substances and after the flow calms down in the housing  4 , a gravitative separation (settling separation) of substances of different density will take place. Thus, substances specifically heavier than the fluid will settle out onto the bottom wall  6  in the vicinity of the outlet openings  9   b , and can be eliminated through them, e.g., after a particular time, while the fluid is preferably at rest in the housing  4 . 
     Due to the cyclone effect occurring upon inlet of the fluid la and due to the gravitational separation, we obtain through the outlet  8  for the cleaned fluid  8   a  a cleaned fluid which is free of dispersed substances. If only enough fluid is removed through the outlet  8  (for the cleaned fluid  8   a ) so that in the case of a liquid, the liquid level is clearly above the inlet opening of the tube  8 , then the drained, cleaned liquid  8   a  is also essentially free of specifically lighter, floating substances. They can be drained preferably through the second tube  11  (see FIG.  6 ). Thus, the second tube  11  can also serve as an overflow, for instance, if no valve is provided for this tube or if the valve belonging to the tube  11  is open. Opening or closing of the valves of the outlets  8  and/or  11 ,  9  and of the inlet  1 , can take place by means of appropriate liquid level measuring devices. Thus, an overfilling (an excessive liquid level in the housing  4 ) of the cyclone or an excessive lowering of the liquid level in the housing  4 , can be prevented, so that a corresponding quality of the cleaned liquid removed from the outlet  8 , will be assured. 
     As described above, several tubes can be provided concentrically inside each other, through which the floating substances can be removed, depending on the liquid level in the housing  4 . 
     The cyclone separator can alternatively be operated so that the housing  4  is filled through the inlet  1  with the liquid to be cleaned, and so that then through the outlets a much cleaner flow—in comparison to the inlet—can be removed continuously, and/or the floating substances or the dispersed substances can be removed. Furthermore, an operation is possible such that removal is possible continuously at certain outlets, and that other outlets can be activated only briefly after specified times or depending on a fill level monitoring device. 
     The cyclone used as supply or storage tank can be employed e.g., in households for cleaning of drain water (e.g., bath or shower water, washing machine water). The cleaned water can then re reused, for example, wherever drinking water quality is not required, such as in toilet flushing.