Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a semiconductor integrated circuit device such as a for-camera preprocessing LSI suitable for a semiconductor integrated circuit and having improved responsiveness. In a D/A converter circuit for generating a feedback signal for compensating for black level variation in a for-camera preprocessing LSI, first-conductivity-type MOSFETs as first current sources produce currents corresponding to digital signals. The digital signals are supplied to first-conductivity-type first differential MOSFETs and second-conductivity-type second differential MOSFETs, with the gates and drains of the first differential MOSFETs and the gates and drains of the second differential MOSFETs being connected together respectively. There is provided a differential amplifier circuit in which a bias voltage is supplied to a noninverting input terminal thereof and an inverting input terminal thereof is connected to an analog current output node which is the drains connected together of one sides of the first differential MOSFETs, and a resistive element is provided between the inverting input terminal and an output terminal thereof. A converted analog output voltage is generated at the output terminal, and a voltage equal to the bias voltage is supplied to drains of the other sides of the first differential MOSFETs.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The present application claims priority from Japanese patent application No. 2006-070310 filed on Mar. 15, 2006, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a semiconductor integrated circuit device, and more particularly, to a technique that is effective for use in a for-camera preprocessing LSI (Analog Front End) including a correlated dual sampling (CDS) circuit and a variable gain amplifier such as a programmable gain amplifier (PGA). 
         [0003]    For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-189892 (patent document 1) describes an example of a front-end signal processor for digitally providing a clamp offset in processing a signal from an image sensor. As shown in FIG. 3 of patent document 1, a digital brightness signal subjected to compensation for black level variation is converted by a DAC into an analog signal, which is integrated by a capacitor through a gate, so that a feedback voltage for compensating for a black level is stored. 
         [0004]    [Patent document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-189892 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    In patent document 1, details about the DAC are not described. However, for example, in a circuit with a resistor ladder which is a typical DAC, a signal delay occurs so that high speediness becomes deteriorated. Further, since a feedback voltage for compensating for a black level is stored by integrating the signal in a capacitor, the necessity of storage for at least one line period of the signal from a CCD requires a large-capacitance capacitor. Consequently, an external capacitor of a large capacitance and contacts therefor are required for the for-camera preprocessing LSI. 
         [0006]    The present inventors have investigated the use of a current-mode digital-to-analog (D/A) converter (hereinafter referred to simply as DAC) as shown in  FIG. 7 . In  FIG. 7 , a 3-bit DAC is illustrated as an example. 
         [0000]    P-channel MOSFETs MP 01 , MP 02 , and MP 03  for feeding currents I,  2 I, and  4 I having binary weights are provided at a power supply voltage VDD side. These currents I,  2 I, and  4 I form an analog current signal when digital signals D 0 , D 1 , and D 2  and their inverted signals generated by inverter circuits N 1  to N 3  are supplied to the gates of P-channel type differential MOSFETs MP 1  and MP 2 , differential MOSFETs MP 3  and MP 4 , and differential MOSFETs MP 5  and MP 6  respectively for current switches. N-channel MOSFETs MN 11 , MN 12 , and MN 13  for feeding currents I,  2 I, and  4 I having binary weights are provided at a circuit ground potential VSS side as well. These currents I,  2 I, and  4 I form an analog current signal when the digital signals D 0 , D 1 , and D 2  and their inverted signals generated by the inverter circuits N 1  to N 3  are supplied to the gates of N-channel type differential MOSFETs MN 1  and MN 2 , differential MOSFETs MN 3  and MN 4 , and differential MOSFETs MN 5  and MN 6  respectively for current additions. 
         [0007]    The differential MOSFETs MP 1  and MP 2  receive the digital signal D 0  and its inverted signal at their gates respectively, and the differential MOSFETs MN 1  and MN 2  receive the digital signal D 0  and its inverted signal at their gates respectively. The drains of the differential MOSFETs MP 1  and MP 2  are connected to the drains of the differential MOSFETs MN 1  and MN 2  respectively to produce positive current and negative current. The gates of the P-channel type differential MOSFETs MP 1  and MP 2  are connected to the gates of the N-channel type differential MOSFETs MN 1  and MN 2 , respectively. Therefore, when the digital signal D 0  is at a low level, the P-channel MOSFET MP 1  is ON and the corresponding N-channel MOSFET MN 1  is OFF. Since the inverted signal of the digital signal D 0  is high, the P-channel MOSFET MP 2  is OFF and the N-channel MOSFET MN 2  is ON. Accordingly, the current I produced at the P-channel MOSFET MP 01  flows through the P-channel MOSFET MP 1  to be outputted as a positive current, whereas the current I produced at the N-channel MOSFET MN 11  flows through the N-channel MOSFET MN 2  to be outputted as a negative current. 
         [0008]    Further, the differential MOSFETs MP 3  and MP 4  receive the digital signal D 1  and its inverted signal at their gates. respectively, and the differential MOSFETs MN 3  and MN 4  receive the digital signal D 1  and its inverted signal at their gates respectively. The drains of the differential MOSFETs MP 3  and MP 4  are connected to the drains of the differential MOSFETs MN 3  and MN 4  respectively to produce positive current and negative current. Furthermore, the differential MOSFETs MP 5  and MP 6  receive the digital signal D 2  and its inverted signal at their gates respectively, and the differential MOSFETs MN 5  and MN 6  receive the digital signal D 2  and its inverted signal at their gates respectively. The drains of the differential MOSFETs MP 5  and MP 6  are connected to the drains of the differential MOSFETs MN 5  and MN 6  respectively to produce positive current and negative current. Since the drains of the corresponding differential MOSFETs are connected together, the currents I,  2 I, and  4 I having binary weights are added to each other to be an analog current signal. These positive and negative currents flow through a resistor R 1  provided between the inverting input terminal (−) and the output terminal of a differential amplifier circuit AMP 1  and a resistor R 2  provided at a similar differential amplifier circuit AMP 2 , thus producing analog voltages VT and VB at the output terminals of the differential amplifier circuits AMP 1  and AMP 2 , respectively. Bias voltages VRT and VRB are supplied to the noninverting input terminals (+) of the differential amplifier circuits AMP 1  and AMP 2 . Thereby, the differential amplifier circuit AMP 1  produces the output voltage VT which becomes a positive or negative voltage in accordance with a positive or negative current flowing through the resistor R 1 , with the bias voltage VRT being the center. The differential amplifier circuit AMP 2  produces the output voltage VB which becomes a positive or negative voltage in accordance with a positive or negative current flowing through the resistor R 2 , with the bias voltage VRB being the center. 
         [0009]    For example, when the input digital signal D 0  transitions from logic 0 to logic 1, a voltage at the drain node np 1  of the current source MOSFET MP 01  transitions from VRB to VRT and a voltage at the drain node nn 1  of the current source MOSFET MN 11  transitions from VRT to VRB. Since MOSFETs MP 01  and MN 11  have voltage-current characteristics in which the current I changes a little bit due to the change of the drain voltages even though fixed voltages such as VBP and VBN are applied to the gates, it takes time for the combined analog current to become stationary. Consequently, node voltages Vx and Vy change momentarily and take time to become stable, and the settling times of the output voltages VT and VB are long. 
         [0010]    It is an object of the present invention to provide a semiconductor integrated circuit device such as a for-camera preprocessing LSI suitable for a semiconductor integrated circuit and having improved responsiveness. These and other objects and new features of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 
         [0011]    A representative aspect of the invention disclosed in this application will be briefly described as follows. A correlated dual sampling circuit generates an output signal corresponding to a differential signal between a black level of a feedthrough part of a pixel signal generated by an image sensor device and a signal part of the pixel signal. A variable gain amplifier circuit amplifies the output signal of the correlated dual sampling circuit. An A/D converter circuit converts the amplified signal of the variable gain amplifier circuit into digital signals. A D/A converter circuit converts a feedback signal formed with the digital output signal and a clamp signal into an analog signal and providing the analog signal as feedback to the variable gain amplifier circuit or the correlated dual sampling circuit. The D/A converter circuit includes a plurality of first-conductivity-type MOSFETs as first current sources for feeding respective currents having binary weights corresponding to multiple-bit digital signals, a plurality of first-conductivity-type first differential MOSFETs which receive the multiple-bit digital signals respectively, a plurality of second-conductivity-type second differential MOSFETs in which gates and drains of the second differential MOSFETs are connected to gates and drains of the first differential MOSFETs respectively, a plurality of second-conductivity-type MOSFETs as second current sources for feeding respective currents having binary weights corresponding to the multiple-bit digital signals, the MOSFETs as second current sources being provided at source sides of the second differential MOSFETs, a differential amplifier circuit in which a predetermined bias voltage is supplied to a noninverting input terminal of the differential amplifier circuit and an inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier circuit is connected to an analog current output node which is drains connected together of one sides of the first differential MOSFETs, and a resistive element which is provided between the inverting input terminal and an output terminal of the differential amplifier circuit. The differential amplifier circuit generates a converted analog output voltage at the output terminal. A voltage equal to the bias voltage is supplied to drains of the other sides of the first differential MOSFETs. 
         [0012]    Since the drain voltage of the current source MOSFETs is fixed even when the differential MOSFETs are switched, it becomes possible to shorten the settling time of the output voltage at the time of switching an input digital signal. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0013]      FIG. 1  is a circuit diagram of a DAC according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing an example of a for-camera preprocessing LSI to which the present invention is applied. 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is a circuit diagram showing an example of a PGA shown in  FIG. 2 . 
           [0016]      FIG. 4  is an input-output characteristic plot of assistance in explaining the operation of a DAC according to the invention. 
           [0017]      FIG. 5  is a circuit diagram of a DAC according to a second embodiment of the invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 6  is a circuit diagram of a DAC according to a third embodiment of the invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 7  is a circuit diagram of a DAC that has previously been investigated by the present inventors. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0020]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing an example of a for-camera preprocessing LSI to which the present invention is applied. An input signal Vin outputted from an image sensor device (not shown) such as a CCD is sampled by a CDS (correlated dual sampling) circuit through a coupling capacitor C. The output signal is amplified by a PGA (programmable gain amplifier). The amplified output signal is converted into digital signals by an A/D (analog-to-digital) converter (hereinafter referred to as ADC). The digitized signal is amplified by a DPGA (digital PGA) into an AFE output. For the purpose of the offset cancellation of the PGA and the ADC and arbitrary clamp-level setting, a DAC converts a signal generated by the addition (sum) of the output signal of the ADC and a clamp level (clamp setting value) into an analog signal, and adds it to the PGA. 
         [0021]      FIG. 3  is a circuit diagram showing an example of the PGA shown in  FIG. 2 . This PGA is a switched capacitor amplifier circuit, which samples input signals V 1  and V 2  when switches S 1  are ON, and amplifies the sampled signals when switches S 2  are ON. The switches S 1  and S 2  are not simultaneously ON, but alternately and repeatedly ON and OFF. The relationship between the input and the output of this circuit is expressed by the following equation (1). 
         [0000]        POP−PON=C 1/ C 2×[( V 1− V 2)−( VRT−VRB )]+( VT−VB )   (1) 
         [0022]    The PGA amplifies a differential input signal V 1 −V 2  by an amplification degree determined by the ratio of an input capacitance C 1  to a feedback capacitance C 2 , namely, by C 1 /C 2  times, to produce an output. Further, the PGA performs a −(VRT−VRB) level shift at the input side, and a (VT−VB) level shift at the output side. In the PGA, offset cancellation can be performed by changing the (VT−VB) level shift of the output side. At the time of processing an output from an image sensor device CCD or the like, it is convenient to put (VRT−VRB) in the center value of a variable range. For this reason, as shown in a characteristic plot of  FIG. 4 , it is required that VRT and VRB are at the centers of the respective ranges where VT and VB vary with the input signal (input code). It is required that a DAC provided in AFE for a camera has input-output characteristics shown in  FIG. 4  and operates at high speed. 
         [0023]      FIG. 1  is a circuit diagram of a DAC according to a first embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, a 3-bit DAC is illustrated as an example to facilitate understanding the invention. P-channel MOSFETs MP 01 , MP 02 , and MP 03  for feeding currents I,  2 I, and  4 I having binary weights are provided at a power supply voltage VDD side. These currents I,  2 I, and  4 I form an analog current signal when digital signals D 0 , D 1 , and D 2  and their inverted signals generated by inverter circuits N 1  to N 3  are supplied to the gates of P-channel type differential MOSFETs MP 1  and MP 2 , differential MOSFETs MP 3  and MP 4 , and differential MOSFETs MP 5  and MP 6  respectively for current switches. In this embodiment, in order to enhance operation speed, N-channel MOSFETs MN 01 , MN 02 , and MN 03  for feeding currents I,  2 I, and  4 I having binary weights are provided at a circuit ground potential VSS side as well. These currents I,  2 I, and  4 I form an analog current signal when the digital signals D 0 , D 1 , and D 2  and their inverted signals generated by the inverter circuits N 1  to N 3  are supplied to the gates of N-channel type differential MOSFETs MN 1  and MN 2 , differential MOSFETs MN 3  and MN 4 , and differential MOSFETs MN 5  and MN 6  respectively for current additions. 
         [0024]    The differential MOSFETs MP 1  and MP 2  receive the digital signal D 0  and its inverted signal at their gates respectively, and the differential MOSFETs MN 1  and MN 2  receive the digital signal D 0  and its inverted signal at their gates respectively. The drains of the differential MOSFETs MP 1  and MP 2  are connected to the drains of the differential MOSFETs MN 1  and MN 2  respectively to produce positive current and negative current. The gates of the P-channel type differential MOSFETs MP 1  and MP 2  are connected to the gates of the N-channel type differential MOSFETs MN 1  and MN 2 , respectively. Therefore, when the digital signal D 0  is at a low level, the P-channel MOSFET MP 1  is ON and the corresponding N-channel MOSFET MN 1  is OFF. Since the inverted signal of the digital signal D 0  is high, the P-channel MOSFET MP 2  is OFF and the N-channel MOSFET MN 2  is ON. Accordingly, the current I produced at the P-channel MOSFET MP 01  flows through the P-channel MOSFET MP 1  to be outputted as a positive current, whereas the current I produced at the N-channel MOSFET MN 01  flows through the N-channel MOSFET MN 2  to be outputted as a negative current. 
         [0025]    Further, the differential MOSFETs MP 3  and MP 4  receive the digital signal D 1  and its inverted signal at their gates respectively, and the differential MOSFETs MN 3  and MN 4  receive the digital signal D 1  and its inverted signal at their gates respectively. The drains of the differential MOSFETs MP 3  and MP 4  are connected to the drains of the differential MOSFETs MN 3  and MN 4  respectively to produce positive current and negative current. Furthermore, the differential MOSFETs MP 5  and MP 6  receive the digital signal D 2  and its inverted signal at their gates respectively, and the differential MOSFETs MN 5  and MN 6  receive the digital signal D 2  and its inverted signal at their gates respectively. The drains of the differential MOSFETs MP 5  and MP 6  are connected to the drains of the differential MOSFETs MN 5  and MN 6  respectively to produce positive current and negative current. Since the drains of the differential MOSFETs MP 2 , MN 2 -MP 4 , MN 4 -MP 6 , and MN 6  are connected together, the currents I,  2 I, and  4 I having binary weights are added to each other to be an analog current signal of the positive or negative current. These positive and negative currents flow through a resistor RI provided between the inverting input terminal (−) and the output terminal of a differential amplifier circuit AMP 1 , thus producing an analog voltage VT at the output terminal of the differential amplifier circuit AMP 1 . A bias voltage VRT is supplied to the noninverting input terminal (+) of the differential amplifier circuit AMP 1 . Thereby, the differential amplifier circuit AMP 1  produces the output voltage VT which becomes a positive or negative voltage in accordance with a positive or negative current flowing through the resistor R 1 , with the bias voltage VRT being the center. 
         [0026]    In this embodiment, since the drains of the differential MOSFETs MP 1 , MN 1 -MP 3 , MN 3 -MP 5 , and MN 5  are connected together, the currents I,  2 I, and  4 I are added to each other to be an analog current signal of the positive or negative current that is in opposite phase to the above current. However, this analog current signal is not used as an analog output signal. Further, a bias voltage VRT′ as large as the bias voltage VRT is applied to the drains of the MOSFETs MP 1 , MN 1 -MP 3 , MN 3 -MP 5 , and MN 5 . Although VRT′ should be equal to VRT ideally, the bias voltage VRT′ is not necessarily limited thereto and may have such a small potential difference that the changes in the drain voltages of the current source MOSFETs MP 01  to MP 03  at the time of switching the differential MOSFETs do not present a substantial problem. 
         [0027]    Thereby, for example, when the input digital signal D 0  transitions from logic 0 to logic 1, a voltage at the drain node np 1  of the current source MOSFET MP 01  does not transition from VRB to VRT and a voltage at the drain node nn 1  of the current source MOSFET MN 11  does not transition from VRT to VRB, unlike the circuit shown in  FIG. 7 , and the voltages are maintained at VRT or VRT′ and at VRB or VRB′, respectively. Consequently, it does not take time for the combined analog current to become stationary when one of the input digital signals D 0  to D 2  transitions. Thus, a node voltage Vx at the inverting input terminal (−) of the differential amplifier circuit AMP 1  is stably equal to the bias voltage VRT at the noninverting input terminals (+), with the input terminals imaginarily short-circuited, so that it is possible to shorten the settling time of the output voltage VT resulting from a voltage drop across the resistor R 1 . 
         [0028]    A circuit similar to the foregoing is provided for the output voltage VB. That is, N-channel MOSFETs MN 11 , MN 12 , and MN 13  for feeding currents I,  2 I, and  4 I having binary weights are provided at a circuit ground potential VSS side. Corresponding to the MOSFETs MN 11 , MN 12 , and MN 13 , there are provided N-channel differential MOSFETs MN 1 ′ and MN 2 ′, differential MOSFETs MN 3 ′ and MN 4 ′, and differential MOSFETs MN 5 ′ and MN 6 ′, P-channel type current source MOSFETs MP 11 , MP 12 , and MP 13 , and P-channel differential MOSFETs MP 1 ′ and MP 2 ′, differential MOSFETs MP 3 ′ and MP 4 ′, and differential MOSFETs MP 5 ′ and MP 6 ′. Since the drains of the differential MOSFETs MP 2 ′, MN 2 ′-MP 4 ′, MN 4 ′-MP 6 ′, and MN 6 ′ are connected together, the currents I,  2 I, and  4 I are added to each other to be an analog current signal of the positive or negative current. These positive and negative currents flow through a resistor R 2  provided between the inverting input terminal (−) and the output terminal of a differential amplifier circuit AMP 2 , thus producing an analog voltage VB at the output terminal of the differential amplifier circuit AMP 2 . A bias voltage VRB is supplied to the noninverting input terminal (+) of the differential amplifier circuit AMP 2 . Thereby, the differential amplifier circuit AMP 2  produces the output voltage VB which becomes a positive or negative voltage in accordance with a positive or negative current flowing through the resistor R 2 , with the bias voltage VRB being the center. 
         [0029]    Since the output voltage VB is in opposite phase to the output voltage VT as shown in the characteristic plot of  FIG. 4 , the digital signals D 0 , D 1 , and D 2  and their inverted signals generated by the inverter circuits N 1  to N 3  are supplied in reversed connections from those for producing the output voltage VT. In the circuit for producing the output voltage VB, a bias voltage VRB′ as large as the bias voltage VRB is applied to the drain connection line of the differential MOSFETs MP 1 ′, MN 1 ′-MP 3 ′, MN 3 ′-MP 5 ′, and MN 5 ′ which are not used for producing an analog output signal. Although VRB′ should be equal to VRB ideally, the bias voltage VRB′ is not necessarily limited thereto and may have such a small potential difference that the changes in the voltages of the drain nodes nn 1  to nn 3  of the current source MOSFETs MN 11  to MN 13  at the time of switching the differential MOSFETs do not present a substantial problem, as in the case of the foregoing. Thus, a node voltage Vy at the inverting input terminal (−) of the differential amplifier circuit AMP 2  is stably equal to the bias voltage VRB at the noninverting input terminals (+), with the input terminals imaginarily short-circuited, so that it is possible to shorten the settling time of the output voltage VB resulting from a voltage drop across the resistor R 2 . 
         [0030]    The two DACs corresponding to the two differential amplifier circuits AMP 1  and AMP 2  can produce the output voltages VT and VB corresponding to the input codes as shown in  FIG. 4 . This configuration achieves high-speed operation, and is suitable for a semiconductor integrated circuit because the direct feedback of the output voltages VT and VB to the PGA eliminates the need for the capacitor such as described in the patent document 1. 
         [0031]      FIG. 5  is a circuit diagram of a DAC according to a second embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the bias voltages VRT′ and VRB′ shown in  FIG. 1  are eliminated, and instead the bias voltages VRT and VRB themselves are used. That is, the drains of the MOSFETs MP 1 , MP 3 , MP 5 , MN 1 , MN 3 , and MN 5  are connected to the noninverting input terminal (+) of the differential amplifier circuit AMP 1  to be supplied with the bias voltage VRT. In the same way, the bias voltage VRB supplied to the noninverting input terminal (+) of the differential amplifier circuit AMP 2  is connected to the drains connected together of the differential MOSFETs MP 1 ′, MP 3 ′, MP 5 ′, MN 1 ′, MN 3 ′, and MN 5 ′. 
         [0032]      FIG. 6  is a circuit diagram of a DAC according to a third embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, for the differential amplifier circuit AMP 1  shown in  FIG. 5 , the N-channel type current source MOSFETs for supplying negative current and the corresponding differential MOSFETs are eliminated. Further, for the differential amplifier circuit AMP 2 , the P-channel type current source MOSFETs for supplying positive current and the corresponding differential MOSFETs are eliminated. In this case, the output voltages VT and VB are not produced in the left half of the characteristic plot of  FIG. 4 . Thus, offsets are added with respect to input digital signals, and there are performed the offset cancellation of the PGA and the ADC and the setting of the clamp level of a black level, using the characteristics in the left half. 
         [0033]    While the invention made by the present inventors has been described specifically based on the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments and includes various modifications without departing from the scope and sprit of the invention. For example, the circuit for producing a feedback signal to be inputted to the DAC can be any other circuit as long as it can perform the offset cancellation of the PGA and the ADC and set the clamp level of a black level. Further, the circuit may provide a feedback signal to the CDS to cancel the offset of the CDS. The CDS, the PGA, and the ADC can have a variety of specific circuit configurations. The invention can be widely applied to a semiconductor integrated circuit device intended for a for-camera preprocessing LSI.