Abstract:
A method of determination of the conditions of exhaustion of a filtering cartridge for filtering carafes with replaceable cartridges is described, in which an initial identification of impedance of the water to be filtered is provided for in order to consequently calculate an important parameter for definition of the efficient lifespan on the filtering cartridge. Furthermore a carafe operating in compliance with such method is also described.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/895,319 filed on Jul. 21, 2004, which claims priority to European application No. 04008513.6 filed on Apr. 8, 2004, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The object of the present invention is to provide a method to determine the conditions of exhaustion of a filtering cartridge for filtering carafes with a replaceable cartridge, and to provide a carafe operating in compliance with such method.  
       BACKGROUND  
       [0003]     Filtering carafes including a system of determination of the conditions of exhaustion of a filtering cartridge are familiar, for example by U.S. Pat. No. 5,900,138 of the same applicant.  
         [0004]     In filtering carafes the problem of pointing out to the user the need to replace the cartridge once it is exhausted is very common. Typically, exhaustion of the cartridge is monitored through the use of two parameters, the number of filtering cycles carried out from initial activation and/or the amount of time from said activation. It is clear that the filtering material contained in the cartridge progressively loses its capacity of purifying water through use and time.  
         [0005]     Even if these two factors represent efficient parameters in order to evaluate the conditions of efficiency of the filtering cartridge, the indication based on these factors only may turn out to be unsatisfactory. There is in fact a third important factor for calculation of the lifespan of the cartridge: the quality of the water to be filtered and the concentration of pollutants that it contains.  
         [0006]     The filtering power of the cartridge does not vary according to the quantity of water treated but also according to its quality.  
         [0007]     The filtering carafes available up until today include a counting system of the filtering cycles carried out from initial activation of the cartridge, identified for example according to the counting of the number of accesses to the first water collection basin to be filtered. In some cases there is also an auxiliary counting system which counts the amount of time from the initial activation of the cartridge, compared with a time limit of lifespan of the cartridge, in order to calculate the exhaustion of the cartridge according to the first of the two events (exhaustion of time from the first activation—counting of the filtered water) that is verified.  
         [0008]     Carafes capable of calculating the exhaustion of the cartridge according to the quality of the water treated are not currently known  
       SUMMARY  
       [0009]     A main objective of the invention is to provide a method of determination of the conditions of exhaustion of a filter cartridge for filtering carafes with replaceable cartridge in which the condition of exhaustion is established in an accurate and reliable manner.  
         [0010]     Another objective of the invention is to provide a filtering carafe with replaceable cartridge operating in compliance with such method and at the same time built in a simple and functional way.  
         [0011]     Another objective of the findings is to provide a carafe that, in one single device, incorporates all of the indicators desired for an accurate determination of the conditions of exhaustion of the cartridge.  
         [0012]     These objectives and more, which will be described in further detail here below, are achieved from a carafe made in compliance with the following claims.  
         [0013]     The characteristics and the advantages of the invention are described in the detailed description of some illustrative examples of activation, provided purely as an indicative and not restricted example, in the drawings attached. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]      FIG. 1  is a schematic view in cross section of a filtering carafe according to the invention;  
         [0015]      FIG. 2  is a schematic plan view from above of the carafe in  FIG. 1  in a partial section;  
         [0016]      FIG. 3  is a schematic view in cross section of a second example of carafe according to the invention;  
         [0017]      FIG. 4  is a schematic view in cross section in an enlarged scale of a detail of the carafe of  FIG. 3 ; and  
         [0018]      FIGS. 5 and 6  are schematic views in cross section of two different embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0019]     In the figures,  FIG. 1  indicates on the whole a filtering carafe including a container  2  with a handle  3  and an opposite pouring spout  4 . Container  2  holds a removable feedbox  5  in which the first basin  6  is defined, destined for collection of water to be filtered, the bottom of which has an open discharge conduit  7  destined to hold a filtering cartridge  8  of a replaceable kind. Container  2  also holds a second basin  10  for collection of the filtered water.  
         [0020]     Container  2  is closed by a removable cover  11  which may be fitted with an open top  12  ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ) in order to fill the first basin  6 .  
         [0021]     The water treatment process is carried out by introducing the water to be filtered into the first basin, prior to removal of the cover  11  that is to say prior to opening of the door  12  so that the water flows through the conduit  7  through the filter bed that is located in the cartridge  8  and passes onto the second basin.  
         [0022]     In order to establish the lifespan of the cartridge  8 , after this time the cartridge should be considered exhausted and therefore should be replaced with a new cartridge, the first basin includes an impedance measurer of the water to be filtered operatively connected to calculation means of the conditions of exhaustion of the cartridge. The impedance measurer is generally indicated by  15  and the calculations means are generally indicated by  16 .  
         [0023]     The impedance measurer includes at least two electrodes  17 ,  18  which are fitted in the first basin  6  and between which an electric circuit can be closed in the presence of water to be filtered. It is preferable that measuring is carried out in direct current, generated by a small accumulator  19 , and therefore the impedance measured is equal to the electrical resistance of the water to be filtered. As well as measuring the conductivity of the water to be filtered, the value of which is correlated to the concentration of ions and as such affects the lifespan of the filtering cartridge  8 , the electrodes  17 ,  18  are also used as counting means to identify the number of times the first collection basin is filled and the consequent amount of water already filtered. In order to do so it is preferable that measures are made to prevent that simple shaking of the carafe  1  may lead to the creation of a counting signal following temporary immersion of the two electrodes and subsequent closing of the electrical circuit between them.  
         [0024]     An initial trick ( FIG. 1 ) lies in the position of the electrode  17  close to the bottom of the first basin  6  while the electrode  18  is placed close to the cover  11 . Furthermore, in addition to the two measuring electrodes  17 ,  18  two consent electrodes  21  are also provided, with the task of identifying contemporarily with the measuring electrodes the state of submersion in the water to be filtered and therefore to confirm that the submersion of the electrodes  17 ,  18  has not been accidentally provoked by movement of the carafe.  
         [0025]     An alternative is provided ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ) in which the two electrodes  17 ,  18  are fitted onto the cover and extended in a filling conduit  32  which flows into the basin  6  at the opening point  33 . The electrodes  17 ,  18  are preferably contained, at least partially, in a chamber  34  the bottom of which contains passages  35  suitably created in terms of dimension in order to time the emptying of the chamber  34  compared with a minimum predefined period of time. This avoids that simple temporary accidental submersions of the electrodes due to movements of the carafe may generate false calculations. The result is achieved by defining a minimum period of time of submersion of the electrodes which exceeds a time limit established so that the signal generated is received as effective by the counting means  16 . As a pure example, considering that the dimension of the passages  35  is such that the water contained in the chamber  34  flows in a time ×1 of 30 seconds and that the entire filling chamber and the collection basin  6  are filled in a minimum period of time ×2 of 10 seconds, the minimum time for contact between water and the electrodes  17 ,  18  is defined in ×1+×2=40 seconds. Therefore, a limit may be defined for means of calculation in such a way that only closing signals of the circuit that exceed or are equal to a period of 40 seconds are considered. Signals that last less than 40 seconds will be ignored.  
         [0026]     The electrodes  17 ,  18 ,  21  derive from a circuit  20  powered by the accumulator  19  and includes counting means  22  to count the filling cycles of the said first basin and furthermore includes a display  23  susceptible to highlight important information of the filtering cycles carried out and/or the residual lifespan of the cartridge  8 .  
         [0027]     The circuit  20  includes timers  24  to measure the amount of time that has passed from initial use of the cartridge and to calculate the amount of time left until its exhaustion and signal means  25 , such as a visual LED alarm and/or a buzzer or other kind of sound signal, to inform the user of exhaustion of the filtering cartridge.  
         [0028]     The means  17 ,  18 ,  21  identify closing of the circuit  20  during each new filling of the first basin  6  and at the same time false indications of closing of the circuit  20  following accidental submersion of the electrodes  17 ,  18 ,  21  are avoided.  
         [0029]     In alternative or in addition to the means indicated above, circuit  20  includes a timer  26  activated upon each closing of the circuit  20  in order to exclude counting if the duration of the afore-mentioned closing extends for an amount of time lower than the limit value predefined.  
         [0030]     The timer  26  therefore acts as a signal excluder device susceptible to accepting identification only if it extends beyond the predefined time limit. The erection of a pair of watertight panels aimed at creating a labyrinth passage to prevent accidental closing of the circuit in the absence of effective filling of the first basin  6  is also provided for between the measuring electrodes  17 ,  18 .  
         [0031]     The signals measured by the electrodes  17 ,  18 ,  21 , the counting means  22  and the timers  24 ,  26  are fed to an input of a microprocessor  30  that, on the basis of a resident programme, elaborates important data on the lifespan of the cartridge according to the amount of time passed since its first activation and the amount of water treated, identified in terms of closure considered important by the circuit between the electrodes, and by the ionic concentration of the pollutants, identified in terms of conductivity of the water being treated. The important data calculated in this way is visualized, preferably in terms of a “count-down”, on the display  23  which indicates the number of cycles remaining until exhaustion of the cartridge  8 .  
         [0032]      FIG. 5  illustrates another example of this present invention. Similar details are marked using the same numerical references as the previous figures.  
         [0033]     The example of  FIG. 5  is rather useful to take into consideration, in the calculation of exhaustion of the cartridge  8 , of partial fillings of the first collection basin  6 .  
         [0034]     In this, there are numerous electrodes  51  located on growing levels in a compensation chamber  54  defined within the first basin  6  by a watertight panel  52 . The watertight panel  52  carries, close to the bottom, a gauged opening  53  with the objective of minimizing level variations in the compensation chamber following oscillations of the carafe typically when it is inclined for pouring.  
         [0035]     The electrodes of level  51  are associated with a reference electrode  50 , also located at the bottom of the compensation chamber.  
         [0036]     The electrodes  50 ,  51  are associated with corresponding branches of the measuring circuit of impedance so as to close the corresponding branch once the corresponding level of water in the basin is reached.  
         [0037]     Even if the electrodes  51  with relative compensation chamber are represented in the upper basin  6  of the carafe in  FIG. 5 , such electrodes may also be placed in addition, or in alternative to the second basin  10  alternatively to the configuration described above. This second technical solution is illustrated in  FIG. 5  by dotted lines. The specific numerical references are indicated with a superscript.  
         [0038]     When the electrodes  50 ′ and  51 ′ are fitted exclusively to the collection basin of filtered water, reading of the impedance measurer provides an important value of the quality of filtered water, suggesting replacement of the cartridges when said quality falls below acceptable values.  
         [0039]     When the electrodes  50 ′,  51 ′ or at least one of them (as well as the reference electrode  50  or  50 ′) are fitted to both basins, reading of the impedance measurer provides an important value of the ratio between the quality of the water to be filtered and of the water filtered. Said value is therefore a direct index of the residual efficiency of the cartridge when measuring is carried out and highlights the capacity of the cartridge to carry out other filters or the need for replacement.  
         [0040]     Another example is described with reference to  FIG. 6  where, in chamber  34 , in addition to the electrodes  17 ,  18  a temperature sensor of the water to be filtered indicated with  60  is provided for.  
         [0041]     Said sensor may alternatively be placed in the lower basin  10 , as long as the temperature of the water to be filtered is not subject to appreciable variations.  
         [0042]     The temperature measured is sent to the calculation means  16  and is used to correct the calculation of the conditions of exhaustion of the cartridge according to the temperature measured. In fact as the temperature increases a corresponding increase in electric conductivity measure due to a variation in the ionic concentration entirely in the solution is expected.  
         [0043]     The invention described in this way includes numerous advantages compared with the technical notes indicated. They include:  
         [0044]     greater simplicity in terms of construction as it does not include moving parts;  
         [0045]     greater control of the lifespan of the filtering cartridge which may be used completely but is always capable of guaranteeing an efficient level of filtering of the water treated; and  
         [0046]     lower costs of the carafe as the solution adopted, with the same level of control of the efficiency of filtering, can be made with a huge economic advantage.