Abstract:
A semiconductor memory device, divided into plural blocks, includes a memory array having a non-volatile memory element in which address access times for the read cycle and the write cycle are substantially equivalent to one another (for example, a ferroelectric memory element). Plural storage elements stores the information for write protection/permission corresponding to each of the blocks, respectively. A setting circuit is provided to set the information for write protection/permission to the plural storage elements. The setting circuit sets the write-protection information to the plural storage elements at the write cycle after designated plural read cycles. Therefore, the write protection/permission can be set in block units block by block, so that the write-protected areas for a ROM and a RAM formed by the non-volatile memory element can be set freely. Furthermore, the complexity of the setting procedure for write protection/permission serves to prevent accidental false setting caused by system runaway or the like.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to semiconductor memory device, in particular, to non-volatile electrically reloadable semiconductor memory device. 
     The LSI (Large Scale Integrated circuit) of microprocessor and memory for the portable information apparatus represented by PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) is expected to work more effective with lower power. For the PDA memory, ROM (Read Only Memory) to store OS (Operating System) and an application software; RAM (Random Access Memory) to store such reloadable data as display data, work memory for processing and personal data; and such reloadable ROM as flash memory card to store a large quantity of data which exceed RAM capacity; are utilized. RAM is battery-protected so that the data may not be erased by power on/off, and that the resume function may be achieved so as the previous state (where turned off) to be restored when turning the power on. 
     On the other hand, the ferroelectric memory is characterized by its operating speed equivalent to RAM and the non-volatility. Therefore, it has been examined to substitute the ferroelectric memory for DRAM (Dynamic RAM) of the portable information apparatus. Related matters are referred to in the first edition of &#34;ferroelectric Thin Film Memory&#34; Chapter 8, pp. 337-345, Jun. 30, 1995 published by Science Forum Co. Ltd. 
     The inventors of the present invention examined to use the ferroelectric memory in place of ROM and the battery-protected SRAM (Static RAM) for said portable information device. When a part of the ferroelectric memory is used as ROM, it is necessary to protect ROM data from being rewritten by accident due to the system runaway and so forth. 
     As for the conventional write protection system for the single unit non-volatile memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable ROM) with software data protection is utilized to prevent false rewriting caused by the external noise while being packaged. For example, the brief description is referred to in the 17th edition of &#34;Hitachi IC Memory Data Book 3 EEPROM, Flash Memory, EP/OTPROM, Mask ROM&#34; pp. 134-148 (HN58V1001 Series), August, 1995, published by Hitachi-Seisakusho Co. Ltd. (hereafter referred to as the conventional technology 1). This EEPROM enters into the protection mode when the combination of designated address and data is input three times (3-bytes). Then the EEPROM leaves out of the protection mode when the combination of designated address and data is input six times (6-bytes). Said software data protection of the EEPROM is the write-protection technique applied to the whole memory. 
     The example of one-tip microcomputer including the single unit ferroelectric memory divided into the ROM area and the RAM area is filed in Japan Patent No. H. 7-114497 (U.S. Pat. No. 08/295295) (hereafter referred to as the conventional technology 1). This ferroelectric memory is divided into the ROM area to be used as ROM and the RAM area to be used as RAM. When the ROM area is tried to be written, the write control signal is not output in order to prevent the data from being written by accident into the ROM address area. The ROM area and the RAM area are placed in continuous address space, and the boundary address information between the ROM area and the RAM area is set in the boundary setting register. Therefore, the capacities of the ROM and the RAM areas are to be interchangeable. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The software data protection of EEPROM of said conventional technology 1 is applied to the whole memory with regard to write protection/permission. That is, this protection system does not allow the unit memory to be divided into the ROM area and the RAM area. Therefore, it does not allow to use a part of the address area in a unit memory as ROM to protect said ROM area against writing. When plural memories are used in the whole system and each of them is set write-protective or permissive respectively, the same kinds of memory will be able to be used as ROM as well as RAM. However, the problem described later is left when used as RAM. Furthermore, the plural write-cycles are required for each memory to set write-protection/permission resulting in inconvenient operation. 
     As for the electrically reloadable non-volatile memory like EEPROM, the write-cycle is generally much longer than the read-cycle. The access time to the electrically reloadable non-volatile memory is longer than that to the general purpose dynamic RAM (DRAM). For example, in EEPROM of the conventional technology 1, the maximum address access time of the write-cycle is 15 ms and the maximum address access time of the read-cycle is 250 ns. Therefore, when using EEPROM as RAM, the address access time of the write-cycle will be a problem. 
     The ferroelectric memory is high-speed reloadable (the address access times of the read-cycle and of the write-cycle are equal or equivalent.) non-volatile memory. However, the address access time to the ferroelectric memory is longer than that to the general purpose single unit SRAM (Static RAM) and equivalent to that to the general purpose dynamic RAM (DRAM) or to the pseudo Static RAM (SRAM). Hence the ferroelectric memory is usable as RAM though it is non-volatile memory. The inventors of the present invention examined to make the pin arrangement and the read-cycle and write-cycle timing of the ferroelectric memory same as those of the general purpose single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM so that the ferroelectric memory may substitute for RAM and ROM in the conventional system. 
     When the ferroelectric memory is used for both RAM and ROM, the write-protective function is required. The inventors of the present invention make it clear that there are subjects described later when the write-protection function is added to the ferroelectric memory compatible with the general purpose single unit SRAM or Pseudo SRAM. There is no existing general purpose single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM with the write-protection function, and therefore the similar problems are left when adding the write-protection function to the general purpose single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM. 
     In write-cycle of the general purpose single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM, the address signal is input at first, then the chip select /CS is asserted (active) and subsequently write-enable /WE is asserted. Consequently, the write-cycle operates same as the read-cycle until the write-enable /WE is asserted. That is, the data reading operation is interrupted by the write-permission signal generated based on the write-enable /WE during reading operation of the data from the memory array. When the timing of the read cycle and the write cycle of the ferroelectric memory is set to the similar timing of those of the general purpose single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM, the write cycle of the ferroelectric memory is required to be of the same timing operation as that of said general purpose single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM. The write-protection function is required to be compatible with these cycles. 
     To make the write-protection function more convenient, the memory area of the ferroelectric memory should be divided into several blocks and the new function should be added, which allows to set the write-protection area by the unit of a block and to set also the re-writable area freely and/or with discontinuity. These setting should be in the same range of operation timing as that of the read or write cycle of the general purpose single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM. To be more specific, the external address signal is compared with the address information previously set as the write-protection block and, depending on the comparison result, the write-permission signal will be inhibited from generating. Therefore, a delay will occur in generating the control signal of the read cycle or the write cycle because the memory means (memory circuits) to store the address information of the write-protection block and the comparison means (comparison circuit) to compare the external address signal with the address information of the write-protection block are required. As for the electrically reloadable non-volatile memory of the conventional technology 1, the write-cycle is much longer than the read-cycle so that the delay may be so small as to be ignored compared with the write-cycle. That is, the delay in generating the control signal of the read cycle and the write cycle will be actualized for the first time when the write-protection function is added to the memories with same level of read and write cycles and both RAM and ROM work in one memory unit in high speed cycle. 
     When the write protection function is expected to work in the timing equivalent to that of the single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM, it should determine at high speed if the area is write-protected or not. As one of the means for this purpose, it was examined to decrease the bit number of the address signal used for the judgment of the area. That is, when the memory area is divided into plural blocks, the bit number of the address signal for the judgment of the areas can be decreased. For example, when the memory is divided into eight blocks, each area may be judged by comparing only the high order three bits of the address signal. Furthermore, when the memory area is divided into plural blocks, the write-protection/permission can be set block by block and also the ROM area and the RAM area can be set freely by block. 
     Ferroelectric memory of the conventional technology 2 does not have discontinuous write-protection area. That is, ROM and RAM are not allowed to be set in the arbitrary address. It is not allowed to set the discrete plural addresses as the ROM or the RAM area. Besides, all bits of the address signal must be compared to judge whether they are of ROM area or RAM area. Therefore, the judgment of the area requires long time. Furthermore, because the read/write-cycles are not set at the timing equivalent to that of the general purpose single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM, it is not realized in the conventional technology 2 that the memory area should be judged at high speed if it is of write-protection or write-permission. 
     One of the purpose of the present invention is to realize a flexible write-protection in non-volatile memory with the equivalent read/write cycles. 
     Another purpose of the present invention is to realize the write-protection in the memory compatible with the general purpose single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM. 
     The other purpose of the present invention is to provide an optimum circuit configuration to minimize the delay resulting from said write-protection. 
     The above mentioned and other purposes and new characteristics of the present invention will become clear through the description of the specification in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     The typical outline of the invention disclosed here is briefly described as follows: 
     The semiconductor memory device comprises: 
     a memory array divided into plural blocks and equipped with plural non-volatile memory elements which enable the read and the write cycles to be substantially equivalent; 
     plural storage elements to store the information of write-protection/permission of said corresponding plural blocks; and 
     a setting circuit to set the information of the write-protection/permission into said storage elements, 
     and said setting circuit sets the write-protection information to said storage elements in the write-cycle after designated plural read-cycles. 
     Furthermore, after turning the power on, all the blocks of said semiconductor memory device are once set to write-protection state and then said write-protection/permission information stored previously is automatically set for each block. Alternatively, after turning the power on, all the blocks of said semiconductor memory device may be once set to write-protection state and then said write-protection/permission information stored previously may be set according to the plural read-cycles of the designated address combination. 
     Consequently, the write-protection/permission will be able to be set by plural block units. Therefore, the RAM area and the write-protected ROM area can be set freely. Furthermore, the complexity of the setting procedure of write-protection/permission can prevent the accidental false setting caused by a system runaway and so forth. 
     The write-protection is realized by the circuits to check at high speed in the first half of the write-cycle whether the accessed address is in the write-protection area or not and another circuit to disable the write-signal in the latter half of the write-cycle. The write-protection is executed by disabling the external write-control signal within the system. Therefore, until the word line of the memory array is booted into selective state and the bit line signal is amplified, the operation in the write-cycle for the write-protected block area is executed same as that in the read-cycle operations for other blocks. The write-protection can be made effective after the first transition of the word line, hence the write-protection can be realized retaining the high speed performance of the write-cycle in the write-protected area. 
     The protected address holding circuit includes the non-volatile memory element and latch circuit in order to check at high speed whether the accessed address is in the write-protected area or not, and to make the write-protection data setting non-volatile. The data of the single or plural block(s) to be write-protected (protected block), which are stored in the non-volatile memory element, will be written in the latch circuit after turning the power on. When new write-protection area(s) is(are) set, the data of single or plural block(s) (protected block) to be write-protected are written in both of the non-volatile memory element and the latch circuit in the same write-cycle. 
     Due to the protected address holding circuit configuration, the check operation whether the accessed address is in the write-protected area or not is executed by comparing the decoded results of the high-order of the input address signal with the output of the latch circuit without reading the protected information stored in the non-volatile memory. This system does not compare the protected information stored in the non-volatile memory of the protected address holding circuit with the input address signal, but to compare the protected information stored in latch circuit with the decoded result of the high order of the input address signal, so that the operation to read the protected information stored in the non-volatile memory of the protected address holding circuit for each address access is not required and the high speed judgment can be achieved by shortening the operation time. 
     In this case, the check operation whether the accessed address is in the write-protected area or not is executed by comparing the decoded results of the high-order of the input address signal with the output of the latch circuit. In this case, the judgment of the location can be executed in shorter time than that in the case where the decoded result of all the address signals is compared with the latch circuit output. 
     The setting of new protected address can be operated same as the normal write-cycle by adding the non-volatile memory in the protected address holding circuit to a part of the memory array, so that the setting information in the write-protected area can be made to be non-volatile. 
     After turning the power on, the information stored in the non-volatile memory of the protected address holding circuit is required to be stored in the latch circuit, but the address information of the write-protected area can be automatically set in the latch circuit after turning the power on by making a part of the reset sequence of the block protection to be a read-cycle of the non-volatile memory cell. 
     Alternatively, a power-supply voltage detecting circuit may be provided in the memory (semiconductor storage circuit device). That allows the read-cycle of the non-volatile memory cell in the protected address holding circuit to be automatically executed in response to the output of the power-supply voltage detecting circuit when turning the power on, so that the address information in the non-volatile memory may be set in the latch circuit. 
     Therefore, the RAM/ROM integrated memory (semiconductor storage circuit device) with variable write-protected area, which enables high speed writing equivalent to that of the general purpose single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM, is provided. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 2 is a pin arrangement drawing of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 3 is a read-cycle timing diagram of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 4 is a write-cycle timing diagram of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 5 is a layout drawing of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 6 is a memory array circuit diagram of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 7 is a memory array operation timing diagram of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 8 is a sequence diagram showing a part of the procedure of write-protection setting/cancellation of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram showing a setting procedure of the block protection of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 10 is a sequence diagram showing a reset procedure of block protection of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a setting procedure of the write-protected area of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 12 is a drawing to show a memory address space of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a setting procedure of write protection of the ferroelectric memory corresponding to FIG. 12; 
     FIG. 14 is a drawing to show a storage location of the program for write-protection setting/cancellation of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 15 is a drawing to show another example of a storage location of the program for write-protection setting/cancellation of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a write-protection circuit of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 17 is a part of a circuit diagram of a write-protection circuit of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 18 is another part of the circuit diagram of the write-protection circuit of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 19 is a timing diagram of a write-protection circuit of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram of a power-supply voltage detecting circuit of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 21 is a diagram to show a timing wave-form of the power-supply voltage detecting circuit in FIG. 20; 
     FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram of a modified write-protection circuit of the ferroelectric memory; 
     FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram of an artificial internal chip enable generation circuit in FIG. 22; and 
     FIG. 24 is a diagram to show a timing wave-form of the circuit diagrams in FIG. 22 and 23. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     &lt;General Configuration&gt; 
     FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the ferroelectric memory of the present invention. The ferroelectric memory FMEM comprises a memory array FMARY, a raw decoder RDEC, a column decoder CDEC, an I/O latch IOL, a raw address latch (latch circuit) RAL, a column address latch CAL, and a control logic and block protection circuit CLBP, and is formed on such a semiconductor substrate as a single crystal silicon. The circuit configuration except that of the control logic and block protection circuit CLBP may be easily understood by the engineers concerned, so that it will not be described here in detail. The details of the control logic and block protect circuit CLBP will be described later. 
     The memory array FMARY contains 1024·˜256=256K (K=1024) units of memory cells each of which stores a bit of binary information. The ferroelectric memory FMEM consists of 32K words·˜8 bits, so that contains ten row addresses and five column addresses. 
     FIG. 2 shows a pin arrangement of the ferroelectric memory of the present invention. The ferroelectric memory FMEM is formed and enclosed into 450 mil 28 pin plastic SOP (Small Outline Package) and the like by resin molding technology. The pin arrangement of the ferroelectric memory FMEM is compatible with that of 256K bits pseudo SRAM (Pseudo Static RAM) of 32K words·˜8 bits configuration. A0-A14 are external terminals for the address input signal; I/O0-I/O7 are external terminals for the data input/output; /WE is an external terminal for the write enable signal; /CE is an external terminal for the chip enable signal; /OE is an external terminal for the output enable signal; Vcc is an external terminal for the power source (3V); and Vss is an external terminal for the earthing (0V). The pin arrangement of the ferroelectric memory FMEM is compatible with that of 256K bits SRAM (Static RAM) of 32K words·˜8 bits configuration, because only chip select (/CS) signal on the 20th pin in the SRAM is replaced by the chip enable (/CE) signal in the FMEM. In this specification, each symbol of A0-A14, I/O0-I/O7, /WE, /OE is used to describe the specified signal or the corresponding external terminal respectively. 
     The chip enable (/CE) is active at &#34;Low&#34; level and inactive at &#34;High&#34; level. When the chip enable transits to low level, the ferroelectric memory FMEM introduces the addresses A0-A14 from outside into the memory inside. 
     The addresses A0-A7, A13, A14 are row address signals and the addresses A8-A12 are column address signals. 
     The write enable (/WE) is a switching signal between read cycle and write cycle and when it is in &#34;Low&#34; level (active level), the ferroelectric memory FMEM is switched to write mode. When either the chip enable (/CE) signal or the write enable (/WE) signal rises up, whichever comes first, the write data are introduced into the ferroelectric memory. 
     The output enable (/OE) is active at &#34;Low&#34; level and inactive at &#34;High&#34; level. 
     The functions corresponding to the combinations of the write enable (/WE), the chip enable (/CE) and the output enable (/OE) are as follows: 
     (1) (/WE, /CE, /OE)=(X, H, X) 
     The ferroelectric memory FMEM is set to a chip non-selective mode and each output terminal of the output buffer connected to corresponding data input/output terminal is set to high impedance. Hereinafter, H and L mean &#34;High&#34; and &#34;Low&#34; levels respectively, and X means either H or L. 
     (2) (/WE, /CE, /OE)=(H, L, H) 
     The ferroelectric memory FMEM is set to an output disable mode and each output terminal of the output buffer connected to corresponding data input/output terminal is set to high impedance. 
     (3) (/WE, /CE, /OE)=(H, L, L) 
     The ferroelectric memory FMEM is set to a read mode and each output buffer corresponding to each data input/output terminal is set to an output enable state. 
     (4) (/WE, /CE, /OE)=(L, L, H) 
     The ferroelectric memory FMEM is set to an output write mode and each input buffer corresponding to each data input/output terminal is set to an input enable state. Each output terminal of the output buffer corresponding to each data input/output terminal is set to high impedance. 
     (5) (/WE, /CE, /OE)=(L, L, L) 
     The ferroelectric memory FMEM is set to a write mode and each output buffer and each data input buffer corresponding to each data input/output terminal are set to an output enable state and an input enable state respectively. 
     &lt;Operation Timing&gt; 
     FIG. 3 is a read-cycle timing diagram of the ferroelectric memory of the present invention and FIG. 4 is a write-cycle timing diagram of the ferroelectric memory of the present invention. 
     Regarding the read cycle as shown in FIG. 3, when the addresses (A0-A14) are input, the chip enable (/CE) transits to low level and the output enable (/OE) transits to low level, then the read data are output to the data input/output terminals (I/O0-I/O7). 
     A read cycle time (t RC) is a time period between the time when the chip enable (/CE) transits to low level and the next time when the chip enables (/CE) becomes to be able to transit to low level and its minimum time is specified. As for the ferroelectric memory FMEM of the present embodiment, t RC=235 ns. For a chip enable pulse width (t CA), the minimum and the maximum times are specified. A chip enable precharge time (t PC) is a precharge time required for next access and its minimum time is specified. An address setup time (t AS) is a setup time of address for the chip enable (/CE) transition to low level and its minimum time is specified. An address hold time (t AH) is a hold time of address for the chip enable (/CE) transition to low level and its minimum time is specified. A chip enable access time (t CE) is a time period from the chip enable (CE) transits to low level until the effective data are output, and the maximum time is specified. As for the ferroelectric memory FMEM of the present embodiment, t CE =150 ns. A chip disable output delay (t HZ) is the effective data holding time from the chip enable (CE) transition to high level and the minimum and the maximum times are specified. An output enable access time (t OE) is a time period from the output enable (/OE) transition to low level until the effective data output and the maximum time is specified. An output disable output delay (t OHZ) is the effective data holding time from the output enable (OE) transition to high level and the maximum time is specified. 
     Regarding the write cycle as shown in FIG. 4, when the addresses (A0-A14) are input, the write enable (/WE) transits to low level, the chip enable (/CE) is transit to low level and the write data are input to input/output terminals (I/O0-I/O7), then the input data are introduced into the ferroelectric memory FMEM when the chip enable (/CE) transits to high level. 
     A write cycle time (t WC) is a time period between the time when the chip enable (/CE) transits to low level and the next time when the chip enables (/CE) becomes to be able to transit to low level and its minimum time is specified. As for the ferroelectric memory FMEM of the present embodiment, t WC=235 ns. A write enable setup time (t WS) is a setup time of the write enable (/WE) transition to low level after the chip enable (/CE) transition to low level and the minimum time is specified. A write enable hold time (t WH) is a hold time of the write enable (/WE) transition to high level after the chip enable (/CE) transition to low level and its minimum time is specified. The input data setting time (t DS) is a setup time of the input data after the chip enable(/CE) transition to high level and the minimum time is specified. 
     &lt;Layout&gt; 
     FIG. 5 is a layout drawing of the ferroelectric memory of the present invention. Each bonding pad of an address (A3-A14), a power source (Vcc), a write enable (/WE) and an output enable (/OE) is arranged on the top of the semiconductor chip. Each bonding pad of an address (A0-A2), data input/output (I/O0-I/O7), an earthing (/Vss) and a chip enable (/CE) is arranged on the bottom of the semiconductor chip. 
     A memory array LMARY is divided into eight pieces physically and arranged. A row decoder X-Dec is arranged between memory array MARY0 and memory array MARY1. A row decoder X-Dec is arranged also between memory array MARY2 and memory array MARY3. A row decoder X-Dec is also arranged between memory array MARY4 and memory array MARY5. A row decoder X-Dec is also arranged between memory array MARY6 and memory array MARY7. A column decoder Y-Dec is arranged between four memory arrays (MARY0, MARY1, MARY2, MARY3) on the left and four memory arrays (MARY4, MARY5, MARY6, MARY7) on the right. 
     &lt;Memory Array and Basic Operation&gt; 
     FIG. 6 is a conceptual memory array circuit diagram of the ferroelectric memory of the present invention. A memory array MARY corresponds to a part of one piece of each memory array divided into two pieces respectively as shown in FIG. 4. 
     Said memory array MARY comprises word lines WL; plate lines PL arranged in parallel with said word lines WL; paired bit lines (BL, /BL) arranged to cross said word lines WL and said plate lines PL; and memory cells MC located at intersections of the paired bid lines (BL, /BL) and the word lines WL or the plate lines PL, wherein those components are arranged plurally in matrix form. Each memory cell MC is joined to a word line WL, a plate line PL and a paired bit line (BL, /BL). 
     A memory cell MC consists of two transistors (Q1, Q2) and two ferroelectric capacitances (C1, C2). Such memory cell is called as a memory cell with 2T2C (2 Transistors-2 Capacitances) structure. Said memory cell with 2T2C structure is characterized by high durability against the degradation of the ferroelectric capacitances and the stability of data reading due to holding the data in two ferroelectric capacitances independently with each other. 
     FIG. 7 is an operation timing diagram of the memory array of the ferroelectric memory. Basic operation is as follows: 
     (1) Basic write operation 
     The bit line BL and bit line /BL selected by the column decoder Y-Dec are fixed, with exclusive logic, to high level and low level, or to low level and high level, respectively. There will be explained the basic write operation in the case that the bit line WL is in &#34;High&#34; level and the bit line /WL is in &#34;Low&#34; level. The plate line PL selected by the row decoder X-Dec is set to &#34;Low&#34; level. 
     Then, the word line WL selected by the row decoder X-Dec is set to &#34;High&#34; level and MOS transistors Q1 and Q2 of N-channel model are led to conduction state. At that time, the ferroelectric capacitance C2 connected to bit line /BL does not make polarization inversion and holds the current data because the plate line PL and the bit line /BL are in &#34;Low&#34; level. As for the ferroelectric capacitance C1 connected to bit line BL, however, the plate line PL is in &#34;Low&#34; level and the bit line BL is in &#34;High&#34; level so that the ferroelectric capacitance C1 makes polarization inversion in that direction. Consequently, the data are written into the ferroelectric capacitance C1. 
     Then, the plate line PL shall be transited from &#34;Low&#34; level to &#34;High&#34; level. Through this operation the plate line PL and the bit line BL are set in &#34;High&#34; level so that the ferroelectric capacitance C1 may keep the polarization state as it was. As for the ferroelectric capacitance C2, on the other hand, the plate line PL is in &#34;High&#34; level and the bit line /BL is in &#34;Low&#34; level so that the ferroelectric capacitance C2 makes polarization inversion in that direction. This direction of polarization inversion of the ferroelectric capacitance C2 is opposite to that of the ferroelectric capacitance C1. Consequently, the data of the ferroelectric capacitance C1 and the data of exclusive logic are written into the ferroelectric capacitance C2. Therefore, the data can be discriminated easily in comparison while reading due to the opposite direction writing. 
     Lastly the word line WL is set to &#34;Low&#34; level and the MOS transistors Q1 and Q2 of N-channel model are led to cut-off status, then the write sequence is terminated. 
     (2) Basic read operation 
     There will be explained the basic read operation in the case that the ferroelectric capacitance C1 is polarized as the upper (Q1 side of the MOS transistor of N-channel model) is &#34;High&#34; level and the lower (plate line PL side) is &#34;Low&#34; level and the ferroelectric capacitance C2 is polarized as the upper (Q2 side of the MOS transistor of N-channel model) is &#34;Low&#34; level and the lower (plate line PL side) is &#34;High&#34; level. 
     First, the bit line BL and the bit line /BL are precharged to the ground potential (&#34;Low&#34; level). After being precharged, the bit line BL and the bit line /BL are set to high impedance state. 
     Next, the plate line PL selected by the row decoder X-Dec is set to &#34;Low&#34; level and then the word line WL selected by the row decoder X-Dec is set to &#34;High&#34; level and the MOS transistors Q1 and Q2 of N-channel model are led to conduction state. Consequently, the ferroelectric capacitances C1 and C2 are set to &#34;Low&#34; level in both terminals so that the ferroelectric capacitances C1 and C2 keep the polarization inversion state. 
     Then, the plate line PL is transited from &#34;Low&#34; level to &#34;High&#34; level. At that time, the ferroelectric capacitances C1 and C2 release the electric charge and the quantity of the released electric charge depends on the direction of the applied polarization. The quantity of the electric charge of the ferroelectric capacitance C1 in which the plate line PL side is polarized to &#34;Low&#34; level is more than that of the ferroelectric capacitance C2 in which the plate line PL side is polarized to &#34;High&#34; level. The released electric charges emerge as the voltage on the bit line BL and the bit line /BL respectively. In this case, the ferroelectric capacitance C1 releases more electric charge so that the voltage of the bit line BL may higher than that of the bit line /BL. 
     When the voltage is generated on the bit line BL and Bit line /BL, a sense amplifier SA is actuated through the sense amplifier control signal SAC so that the voltage difference between the bit line BL and the bit line /BL may amplified. Consequently, the bit line BL is set to &#34;High&#34; level and the bit line /BL is set to &#34;Low&#34; level and each is read out in the common input/output line IO and IOB respectively. 
     The read out sequence is as described above and if they are left as they are, the data stored in the ferroelectric capacitances C1 and C2 are left damaged so that the date should be written. 
     By the sequence described above, the bit line BL is set to &#34;High&#34; level; the bit line /BL to &#34;Low&#34; level; the plate line PL to &#34;Low&#34; level; and the MOS transistors Q1 and Q2 are led to conduction state. Therefore, the ferroelectric capacitance C1 is re-written in this state. 
     Next, the plate line PL shall be transited from &#34;Low&#34; level to &#34;High&#34; level. Through this operation the bit line /BL side of the ferroelectric capacitance C2 is set to &#34;Low&#34; level and the plate line PL side is set to &#34;High&#34; level and re-writing is executed. At that time, the ferroelectric capacitance C1 is set to &#34;High&#34; level in the plate line PL side and in the bit line BL side and therefore the polarization state is kept as it was. 
     Lastly the word line WL is set to &#34;Low&#34; level and the MOS transistors Q1 and Q2 of N-channel model are led to cut-off status, then the read sequence is terminated. 
     &lt;Write-Protection Setting/Cancellation&gt; 
     FIG. 8-FIG. 10 are sequence diagrams showing embodiments of the procedure of write-protection setting/cancellation of the ferroelectric memory of the present invention. 
     FIG. 8 shows the write protection sequence for the whole chip. The sequence which makes write-protection enable is set by input of seven groups of designated addresses into the ferroelectric memory FMEM from outside of the chip while executing the read cycle. The designated addresses are $1823, $1820, $1822, $0418, $041B, $0419, $040A and the write-protection is set by seven read cycle executions to these designated addresses. &#34;$&#34; means hexadecimal notation. 
     On the other hand, the sequence which makes write-protection disable is set also by input of seven groups of designated addresses into the ferroelectric memory FMEM from outside of the chip while executing the read cycle. The designated addresses are $1823, $1820, $1822, $0418, $041B, $0419, $041A and the write-protection is canceled by seven read cycle executions to these designated addresses. The difference between the write-protection setting and the cancellation is only in the address of the seventh cycle. 
     FIG. 9 shows the setting sequence of the block protection. After the seven read cycles are executed to the designated addresses ($1823, $1820, $1822, $0418, $041B, $0419, $041A), the write-protection is set by the write cycle execution to the designated address ($040F) in the eighth cycle. One or plural block(s) to be write-protected is (are) designated by the input data of the data input/output (I/O0-I/O7) in the eighth write cycle and one or plural block(s) to be write-protected is (are) set based on said data. 
     FIG. 10 shows the reset sequence of the block protection. After the seven read cycles are executed to the designated addresses ($1823, $1820, $1822, $0418, $041B, $0419, $041A), the write-protection is reset by the read cycle execution to the designated address ($040F) in the eighth cycle. The write-protection reset block is set by the eighth read cycle. That is, the block protection data stored in the memory array FMARY by the write-protection setting sequence mentioned above are read out to the latch and are reset. 
     The ferroelectric memory FMEM is divided into eight blocks. FIG. 11 shows the relation between the block number and the high-order 3-bit addresses (A14, A13, A12) and the relation between the block number and the number of data input/output I/O. 8-bit data of the eighth write cycle correspond to the write-protection settings/cancellations of the eight blocks respectively. The data input/output I/O0-I/O7 correspond to the block 0-7 respectively. The signals &#34;1&#34; and &#34;0&#34; indicate the write-protection setting and cancellation respectively. 
     FIG. 12 shows the memory address space of the ferroelectric memory of the present invention. The block 0 is in the lower address side and the block 7 is in the upper address side. Each block has a capacity of 4 KB (kilobytes). FIG. 13 shows an example of the data entered into the data input/output I/O at the eighth cycle of the block protection setting sequence. I/O0, I/O1 and I/O7 are indicated as &#34;1&#34;. Corresponding to these indication, the block 0, the block 1 and the block 7 of the memory address space in FIG. 12 are write-protected. 
     The read cycle and the write cycle required in the setting/cancellation sequence of write-protection shown in FIGS. 8-10 are operated by the execution of the designated program in the central processing unit CPU included in the microprocessor and the data processor. Said program is stored as a part of the system booting program. FIG. 14 shows the data processing system or such portable data processor as PDA where the boot program is stored in the boot ROM (BROM) other than the ferroelectric memory FMEM. On the other hand, FIG. 15 shows the data processing system or such portable data processor as PDA where the ferroelectric memory FMEM is packaged into the present system after the boot program is written in the ferroelectric memory FMEM by other system (e. g. personal computer). 
     &lt;General Configuration of the Write-Protection&gt; 
     FIG. 16 shows the block diagram of the write-protection of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 16, the write-protection system comprises a command detecting circuit CDC to judge whether the write-protection area is whole of the ferroelectric memory FMEM or a part of it as the block protection or none; an operation state holding circuit OSHC to decide the operation state in accordance with the output of the command detecting circuit CDC; a protected address holding circuit PAHC to store the area to be protected; an address decoder ADEC to decode the accessed address; an address comparison circuit ACC to judge whether the accessed address is in the write-protected area or not; and a write-protection circuit WPC to inhibit the writing when the address is in the protection area and in the write-protected state. 
     The command detecting circuit CDC generates an output S1 when it detects the command and changes the state of the operation state holding circuit OSHC. The address comparison circuit ACC compares the information of the protected address with the output S4 of the address decoder ADEC and output the comparison result S5. The write-protection circuit WPC, according to the output S2 of the operation state holding circuit OSHC, controls the writing when the comparison result S5 is in &#34;High&#34; level. 
     &lt;Command Detecting Circuit and Operation State Holding Circuit&gt; 
     FIG. 17 shows the detailed block diagram of the command detecting circuit CDC and the operation state holding circuit OSHC. As shown in FIG. 17, the command detecting circuit CDC comprises a command address decoder CDEC to decode the input address; a fixed address holding circuit FAHC to hold the fixed addresses ($1823, $1820, $1822, $0418, $041B, $0419, $041A, etc.) defined by the external specification of the ferroelectric memory FMEM; an address comparison circuit CMP to compare the output of the command address decoder CDEC with the output of the fixed address holding circuit FAHC; and a command sequence detecting circuit CSDC to check the input order of the command addresses. When the fixed address and the input address coincide by comparison with each other, the address comparison circuit CMP leads one of nine signals, SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, SQ4, SQ5, SQ6, SQ7E, SQ7D,SQ8, to &#34;High&#34; level. When the input address is $1823, the signal SQ1 goes to &#34;High&#34; level. When the input address is $1820, the signal SQ2 goes to &#34;High&#34; level. When the input address is $1822, the signal SQ3 goes to &#34;High&#34; level. When the input address is $0418, the signal SQ4 goes to &#34;High&#34; level. When the input address is $041B, the signal SQ5 goes to &#34;High&#34; level. When the input address is $0419, the signal SQ6 goes to &#34;High&#34; level. When the input address is $041A, the signal SQ7E goes to &#34;High&#34; level. When the input address is $040A, the signal SQ7D goes to &#34;High&#34; level. When the input address is $040F, the signal SQ8 goes to &#34;High&#34; level. 
     These signals become the input signals to the eight step shift resister of the command sequence detecting circuit CSDC. The AND of the output of the shift resister SR1 and the signal SRQ2 is entered into the shift resister SR2. The AND of the output of the shift resister SR2 and the signal SRQ3 is entered into the shift resister SR3. The AND of the output of the shift resister SR3 and the signal SRQ4 is entered into the shift resister SR4. The AND of the output of the shift resister SR4 and the signal SRQ5 is entered into the shift resister SR5. The AND of the output of the shift resister SR5 and the signal SRQ6 is entered into the shift resister SR6. The AND of the output of the shift resister SR6 and the signal SR7E is entered into the shift resister SR7E. The AND of the output of the shift resister SR6 and the signal SR7D is entered into the shift resister SR7D. The AND of the output of the shift resister SR7D and the signal SR8 is entered into the shift resister SR8. The entered address sequences are checked by these shift resisters. When all the entered address sequences coincide, according to the sequences, a write-protection enable signal SQE, a disable signal SQD and a block protection signal SQB are generated as the outputs. 
     The operation state holding circuit OSHC consists of two latch circuits L1 and L2 and the states of the latch L1 and L2 are defined by the write-protection enable signal SQE, the disable signal SQD and the block protection signal SQB. These states of the latch L1 and L2 hold the mode data to indicate the write-protection operation mode until the next command is entered. The current operation mode is expressed by the output signal WPE of the latch L1 and the output signal WPB of the latch L2. &#34;High&#34; level of the output signal WPE means that the whole ferroelectric memory FMEM is in write-protected state. &#34;High&#34; level of the output signal WPB means that some blocks of the ferroelectric memory FMEM may be in write-protection state. When the power source is turned on, latch L1 is set by a detecting signal POR from a power-supply voltage detecting circuit VDC shown in FIG. 20 and the protection mode of the ferroelectric memory FMEM goes into the whole bits protection state, that is, write inhibit state. 
     &lt;Protection Address Holding Circuit and Write-Protection Circuit&gt; 
     FIG. 18 shows such circuit diagram as of the protected address holding circuit PAHC, the address decoder ADEC, the address comparison circuit ACC, the write-protection circuit WPC and so forth. Adding to these circuit diagrams, the common input/output line IO and IOB, the sense amplifier SA, the memory cell array MARY, the raw decoder X-Dec, the column decoder Y-Dec, the main amplifier MA, the output circuit OC and the input circuit IC are shown in FIG. 18. The input/output data of the ferroelectric memory FMEM are of 8-bit configuration so that there are eight common input/output lines IO and IOB, eight main amplifiers MA, eight output circuits OC and eight input circuits IC respectively. There are plural memory arrays MARY also and each memory array MARY has plural paired bit lines and, therefore, the sense amplifier SA and the column switch YSW are connected correspondingly. However, FIG. 18 shows one-bit only to make it simple. 
     The protection address holding circuit PAHC comprises eight non-volatile memories (ferroelectric memory) and eight latch circuits PAL. The non-volatile memory has a special address within the chip and, at the eighth cycle of the command address sequence of the block protection, the normal raw decoder Y-Dec is switched to this address by the signal SQB. When the eighth cycle is the read cycle (in case of the reset sequence of the block protection in FIG. 10), this special address memory cell is accessed and the information in the memory cell is read out, copied and held in latch PAL at the timing of the latch control signal LAC through the common input/output line 10 and IOB. 
     When the eighth cycle of the block protection sequence is the write cycle (in case of the setting sequence of the block protection in FIG. 9), the new data is written in this special address memory cell from the input/output terminal (Input Data) as a normal write cycle does. At the end of this cycle, the same data are written also in the latch PAL by the latch control signal LAC. The written 8-bit data correspond to eight blocks respectively and &#34;1&#34; (&#34;High&#34; level) means that the corresponding block is to be write protected. After turning the power on, eight latches PAL are set to &#34;High&#34; level and all blocks are write-protected. Therefore, after turning the power on, the reset sequence of the block protection shown in FIG. 10 is required. The eight non-volatile memories (ferroelectric memories) are cleared to &#34;0&#34; at the delivery from the semiconductor manufacturer. 
     The 8-bit output S3 of the protected address holding circuit PAHC is compared with the output S4 of the address decoder ADEC which decodes 3-bit address A12-A14 by the address comparison circuit ACC and when the agreed address is detected, 1-bit output result S5 goes to &#34;High&#34; level. The comparison by the address comparison circuit ACC is executed between the decoded output signal S3 of the latch PAL and the decode signal of address (A12-A14) so that it can be executed at high speed. 
     The write-protection circuit WPC generates a write enable signal WE1, which is the control signal for a switch circuit SW1 to control the writing data input, from an internal write signal WE0, the output S2 (WPE, WPB) of the operation state holding circuit OSHC and the output S1 (SQB) of the command detecting circuit CDC. When the write enable signal WE1 is in &#34;High&#34; level, the switch circuit SW1 is led to conduction state and the input data from the input circuit IC is entered into the common input/output lines IO and IOB. 
     A write control circuit WC generates the internal write signal WE0 based on the chip enable signal /CE and the write enable signal /WE. When both of the chip enable signal /CE and the write enable signal /WE are in &#34;Low&#34; level, the internal write signal WE0 goes to &#34;High&#34; level at the timing later than that for the output of the write-protection judgment result F. When the WPB and the output S5 of the address comparison circuit ACC are in &#34;High&#34; level, the output signal F goes to &#34;High&#34; level and the internal write signal WE0 is disabled (&#34;Low&#34; level). When the WPE is in &#34;High&#34; level, the internal write signal WE0 is disabled also. As a result, the write enable signal WE1 is held in &#34;Low&#34; level. Consequently, the input data to the memory FMEM from outside are cut off at the switch circuit SW1 and the inside of the memory FMEM holds the same state as that of the read operation. Alternatively, the column switch YSW may be controlled instead of the switch circuit SW1 to cut off the input data. That is, when the write enable signal WE1 is connected to WE1&#39;, the control signal DEC goes to &#34;Low&#34; level and then the input data may be prohibited from being entered into the memory array. This results in the write-protection against the outside. In this manner, the write-protection is effective while keeping the memory array in the read operation so that the data may be secured by the data re-writing due to the reading operation. 
     When the eighth cycle of the block protection sequence is the write cycle, the signal SQB goes to &#34;High&#34; level and the write enable signal WE1 goes to &#34;High&#34; level also. When the signal SQB goes to &#34;High&#34; level, the non-volatile memory cell of the protected address holding circuit PAHC is connected to the common input/output lines IO and IOB, and then the writing is enabled. 
     The command detecting circuit CDC and the operation state holding circuit OSHC are arranged on the top of the chip (upper side of the memory array MARY0, MARY4) shown in the layout drawing, FIG. 5. The protected address holding circuit PAHC, the address decoder ADEC, the address comparison circuit ACC and the write-protection circuit WPC are arranged on the bottom of the chip (lower side of the memory array MARY3, MARY8) shown in the layout drawing, FIG. 5. The non-volatile memory of the protected address holding circuit PAHC is arranged inside of the array (MARY0, MARY1, MARY2, MARY3, MARY4, MARY5, MARY6, MARY7). This is because the normal memory array and the row decoder X-Dec and the like can be used in common. 
     The latch PAL of the protected address holding circuit PAHC, the address comparison circuit ACC and the address decoder ADEC are arranged on the bottom of the chip so that the judgment whether the accessed address is in the write-protected address area or not can be executed in minimum delay time. 
     The data input/output terminals (I/O0-I/O7) are arranged also on the bottom of the chip so that the main amplifier AM and the output circuit OC are arranged on the bottom of the chip. The common input/output lines IO,IOB are arranged on the bottom of the chip so that, when the latch PAL is arranged on the bottom of the chip, the number of the wiring can be reduced comparing with the case where the latch PAL is arranged on the top of the chip. On the contrary, when the common input/output lines IO,IOB are arranged on the top, the number of the wiring may be increased because there are many address wirings on the top. There is free space around the address terminals (A0, A1, A2) because such larger circuit as the main amplifier MA or the output circuit OC is not there. The latch PAL of the protected address holding circuit PAHC, the address comparison circuit ACC and the address decoder ADEC are arranged there, so that the write-protection function can be added with minimized area increment of the chip. 
     FIG. 19 shows the wave-form of each signal shown in FIG. 18 when the write cycle runs on the block with block protection. 
     When the chip enable signal /CE goes to &#34;Low&#34; level, the internal chip enable signal CE0 goes to &#34;High&#34; level. As a result, the output S5 of the address comparison circuit ACC becomes effective (goes to &#34;High&#34; level). The WPB is fixed in &#34;High&#34; level because of the block protection state. Therefore, when the output S5 of the address comparison circuit ACC goes to &#34;High&#34; level, the signal F is transited from &#34;Low&#34; level to &#34;High&#34; level. Consequently, when the internal write signal WE0 goes to &#34;High&#34; level, the write enable signal WE1 still remains in &#34;Low&#34; level. The dotted lines of the timing wave-forms of the write enable signal WE1, of the common input/output lines IO,IOB, and of the bit lines BL. /BL in FIG. 19 are other wave-forms showing that the signals may change at those timings when the signal F is in &#34;Low&#34; level. 
     On the other hand, when the word line WL and the plate line PL selected by the raw decoder X-Dec are in &#34;High&#34; level, the contents of the memory cell MC (stored data) are read into the bit line BL, BLB. The sense amplifier control signal SA goes to &#34;High&#34; level and the signal of the bit line BL, BLB is amplified by the sense amplifier SA. At that time, the contents of the memory cell MC are destroyed. However, the data are re-written by the sense amplifier SA. When the plate line PL is in &#34;High&#34; level, the data are re-written in one of the ferroelectric capacitance and when the plate line PL is in &#34;Low&#34; level, the data are re-written in the other ferroelectric capacitance. 
     The write enable signal WE1 is in &#34;High&#34; level, so that the input data are prohibited from being entered to the common input/output line IO, IOB by the switch SW1. Therefore, the common input/output line IO, IOB holds the level read out from the memory array MARY. 
     When the chip enable signal /CE goes to &#34;High&#34; level, the internal chip enable signal CE0 goes to &#34;Low&#34; level. As a result, the output S5 of the address comparison circuit ACC becomes ineffective (goes to &#34;Low&#34; level). The internal write signal WE0 also goes to &#34;Low&#34; level. Therefore, when the output S5 of the address comparison circuit ACC goes to &#34;Low&#34; level, the signal F also goes to &#34;Low&#34; level. 
     &lt;Power-Supply Voltage Detecting Circuit&gt; 
     FIG. 20 shows an embodiment of the power-supply voltage detecting circuit. The power-supply voltage detecting circuit VDC comprises a voltage detecting circuit VC and a pulse generating circuit PG. When the power-supply voltage is higher than the threshold voltage, the voltage detecting circuit VC leads the signal PD to &#34;High&#34; level. The pulse generating circuit PG comprises an inverter circuit, a delay circuit and an AND circuit, and, when the signal PD is transited from &#34;Low&#34; level to &#34;High&#34; level, generates a pulse POR of constant amplitude. That is, the power-supply voltage detecting circuit is a circuit to detect the application of the power. 
     &lt;Other Embodiment&gt; 
     FIG. 22 shows another circuit diagram of the write-protection circuit of the ferroelectric memory of the present invention. This circuit allows to set the block protection data from the non-volatile memory of the protected address holding circuit PAHC to the latch PAL without executing the reset sequence of the block write protection after turning the power on. That is, this circuit allows to run automatically the eighth read cycle in the reset sequence for the block write protection within the ferroelectric memory FMEM after turning the power on. 
     The power-supply voltage detecting circuit VDC is the same as that in FIG. 20. The pseudo internal chip enable generating circuit CEPORG receives the pulse signal POR to inform of the application of the power and then generates the signal CEPORB to generate the internal chip enable signal CE0. As shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, when the pulse signal POR goes to &#34;High&#34; level, the flip-flop FF is set and the signal CEPORB goes to &#34;Low&#34; level. Two delay circuits, the inverter circuit and the OR circuit, form the trailing edge detecting circuit to detect the transition of the signal CEPORB from &#34;High&#34; level to &#34;Low&#34; level and this trailing edge detecting circuit generates the pulse signal EOCB delayed by the designated time interval. When the pulse signal EOCB goes to &#34;Low&#34; level, the flip-flop FF is reset and the signal CEPORB goes to &#34;High&#34; level. The chip enable signal /CE and the inverted signal of the output PD of the power-supply voltage detecting circuit are entered into the OR circuit and the output signal of the OR circuit and the signal CEPORB are entered into the NAND circuit. Then, the internal chip enable signal CE0 is generated. 
     The signal CEPORB is entered into the chip control circuit shown in FIG. 22 and generates the pseudo control signal necessary for the read cycle. That is, the address and the control signal required to read the non-volatile memory of the protected address holding circuit PAHC shown in FIG. 18 are generated. The inverted signal of the signal CERORB is ORed with the signal SQB shown in FIG. 17 and the signal SQB&#39; is generated. The signal SQB&#39; is used in place of the signal SQB shown in FIG. 18. 
     Consequently, the block write-protection can be reset without executing the reset sequence for the block write-protection from outside after turning the power on, so that the ferroelectric memory becomes easy for use. 
     In this embodiment, the write-protection is achieved by disabling the write enable signal /WE within the chip. During the series of processes of the selection of the memory array; the first transition of the word line WL; and the amplification of the signal of the bit line BL, BLB; the write cycle with write-protection is executed same as the read cycle done. Therefore, the write-protection control can be executed after the first transition of the word line PL. As a result, the write-protection control can be implemented even at the timing specified in FIG. 4 without reducing the execution rates of the write cycle in the write-protected area. 
     In this embodiment, the protected address holding circuit PAHC comprises the non-volatile memory and the latch PAL. When the new write-protected block is set, the new protection data are written in both of the non-volatile memory and the latch PAL in the same write cycle. Therefore, the check whether the accessed address is in the write-protected area or not is executed by comparing the output of the latch PAL with the decoded result of the high-order address corresponding to the write-protected block without reading the stored information in the non-volatile memory, resulting in shorter judgment time than that for all address decoding. Furthermore, the non-volatile memory can be added as a part of the memory array MARY, so that the new protected address can be set in the same procedure as that of the normal write cycle and the setting information of the write-protected area can be non-volatile. 
     In general, the information in the non-volatile memory is required to be entered into the latch PAL after turning the power on but, in this embodiment, the address information of the write-protected area can be set automatically to the latch PAL after turning the power on by the internal address switching at the eighth cycle of the block protection sequence so as to make it the read cycle from the non-volatile memory. 
     Therefore, the memory of RAM/ROM in the single unit with a variable write-protected area is provided, which enables high speed writing equivalent to that of the general purpose single unit SRAM or the pseudo SRAM. 
     Up to this point the inventions of the present invention are described based on some preferred embodiments, but it is to be understood that no limitation with respect to the embodiments referred herein is intended and that numerous variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For instance, the memory cell may not be of 2T2C configuration but of 1T1C configuration same as that of the dynamic RAM. When the memory cell of 1T1C configuration is used, the capacity may be enlarged same as that of the general purpose DRAM. In the embodiment mentioned above, the write-protected block is designated in one-to-one correspondence with each datum entered from the data input/output I/O, but it may be designated corresponding to the decoded datum entered from the data input/output I/O. This procedure allows the designation of the divided blocks even if the number of the divided block is more than that of the data input/output I/O. In the embodiment described in previous section, the protection sequence is completed by the execution of the read cycle of designated address combination but, alternatively, the protection mode may start by the three times (3-bits) input of the combination of designated address and data, and may end by the six times (6-bits) input of the combination of designated address and data same as that for the EPROM of the conventional technology 1. In this case, an input terminal shall be added and, if the terminal is in the default state, new block protection shall be set next to the cancel sequence or the block protection shall be reset. The pin arrangement shall be matched also with that for the EEPROM.