Abstract:
An antenna device having two substantial planar and conductive elements where the first element is acting as the radiator of the antenna, and the second element is acting as the ground plane for the radiator of the antenna. The two conductive elements are mounted substantially in parallel by a non-conductive housing, and the radiator of the antenna is facing towards the ground plane of the antenna with the cavity in between the first and second conductive elements being filled with air.

Description:
[0001]    The present application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/943,514, filed Aug. 31, 2001, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    The invention relates an antenna device for a communication terminal, e.g. hand-portable phone.  
           [0004]    2. Description of Prior Art  
           [0005]    During the past years use of internal antennas for cellular terminals has become more and more popular among the users. Today approximately 50% of the manufactured phones are equipped with internal antennas.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided an antenna device comprising two substantial planar and conductive elements where the first element is acting as radiator of the antenna, and the second element is acting as ground plane for the radiator of the antenna, said two conductive elements are mounted substantial in parallel by means of a non-conductive housing, and said radiator of the antenna is facing towards the ground plane of the antenna with the cavity in between the first and second conductive elements being filled with air. Hereby there is provided a structure that reduces the dielectric loss in the antenna. This increases the efficiency of the antenna.  
           [0007]    According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided an antenna device comprising radiator elements integrated into a single radiator plate of a patch antenna being operable in at least two frequency bands said antenna comprises adjustment parts for individually adjusting said at least two bands by adjusting the size of these adjustment parts during manufacturing. Hereby the two bands of the antenna are designed so independent tuning of GSM frequencies and PCN frequencies is obtained. GSM is tuned by changing the length of the signal path by making the slot bigger, though at the same time making the PCN stub area smaller. By having such a design the PCN resonance frequency will be almost constant when making a GSM tuning.  
           [0008]    According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided a method of adjusting the resonance frequency of at least two frequency bands of an antenna device comprising radiator elements integrated into a single radiator plate of a patch antenna being operable in at least two frequency bands and having adjustment parts that individually affects the frequency of said at least two bands in dependence of the size of these adjustment parts, said method comprises steps of individually adjusting the size of adjustment parts. Hereby the antenna design is prepared for long term variation of the transmitter stage. If the transmitter stage changes output characteristics—e.g., due to the use of a new Power Amplifier from another vendor, the manufacturer is hereby provided with a method for matching the antenna device to these new characteristics instead of having to re-design the antenna due to the new components.  
           [0009]    Furthermore the antenna is designed to have the highest voltage in the top of the phone in order to minimize coupling to the battery. The coupling between the end of the GSM part and the PCN stub is minimized in order to increase bandwidth of the antenna. The simple structure of the radiator gives the current a natural flow on the patch, which increases the bandwidth of the antenna. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING  
       [0010]    For a better understanding of the present invention and to understand how the same may be brought into effect reference will now be made by way of example only to the accompanying drawings in which:  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a communication terminal according to the invention.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 2 schematically shows the essential parts of a communication terminal for communication with a cellular network.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 3 shows in exploded view a communication terminal according to the invention.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 4 shows in a plan view a preferred embodiment of an antenna device according to the invention.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 5 shows an antenna connector pin for use in an antenna device according to the invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a phone according to the invention, and it will be seen that the phone, which is generally designated by  1 , comprises a user interface having a keypad  2 , a display  3 , an on/off button  4  (present in the top of the phone and therefore not visible in the present view), a speaker  5 , and a microphone  6  (openings present in the bottom of the phone and therefore not visible in the present view). The phone  1  according to the preferred embodiment is adapted for communication via a cellular network, such as the GSM 900/1800 MHz network.  
         [0017]    According to the preferred embodiment the keypad  2  has a first group  7  of keys as alphanumeric keys, one softkey  8 , a cursor navigation key  10  (scroll up/down), and a “clear”-key  9  for erasing letters in text in the display  3 , jumping steps down in the menu structure and rejecting calls. The present functionality of the soft key  8  is shown in separate fields (softkey-label) in the display  3  just above the softkey  8 . The softkey  8  is a multifunction key and its present function depends on the state of the phone  1 . The softkey  8  gives access to the menu, the phonebook and call handling.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 2 schematically shows the most important parts of a preferred embodiment of the phone, said parts being essential to the understanding of the invention. The processor  18  controls the communication with the network via the transmitter/receiver circuit  19  and an internal antenna  20 .  
         [0019]    The microphone  6  transforms the user&#39;s speech into analogue signals, the analogue signals formed thereby are A/D converted in an A/D converter (not shown) before the speech is encoded in a digital signal processing unit  14  (DSP). The encoded speech signal is transferred to the processor  18 , which i.e., supports the GSM terminal software. The processor  18  also forms the interface to the peripheral units of the apparatus, including a RAM memory  17   a  and a Flash ROM memory  17   b,  a SIM card  16 , the display  3  and the keypad  2  (as well as data, power supply, etc.). The digital signal-processing unit  14  speech-decodes the signal, which is transferred from the processor  18  to the earpiece  5  via a D/A converter (not shown).  
         [0020]    The antenna according to the preferred embodiment of the invention is a PIFA (Planar Inverted F-Antenna) and includes an ground plane being provided by the shield  29  of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) of the phone, one radiator plate  24  mounted on an antenna blank  21  and two pogopin connectors  30 . The antenna structure is shown in FIG. 3. The antenna blank is made of IXEF (the IXEF compounds are a family of semi-crystalline polyarylamide thermoplastics reinforced with glass fibers and/or mineral fillers essentially for injection molding and manufactured by Solvay) and the radiator plate of 0.15 mm thick new silver. Ultrasonic welding (depending on vendor) assembles the two parts.  
         [0021]    An inner cover  26  of the phone  1  is preferably also made of the same resin as the antenna blank  21 . The antenna blank  21  has two taps  23  for being received in two channels  32  provided in the inner cover  26 . When the tabs  22  are received in the channels  32 , the blank  21  may follow a guided movement towards the closed position, where a tongue  22  of the antenna blank  21  cooperates with a recess  25  on the inner cover  26  for providing a snap connection between the antenna blank  21  and the inner cover  26 .  
         [0022]    Just below the antenna cavity  28  there is provided a battery cavity  31  for receiving a battery box (not shown).  
         [0023]    The front and rear covers of the phone are visible in FIG. 1 but are removed in FIG. 3. The front and rear covers are of the type described in GB 9903260.9.  
         [0024]    The two pogopin connectors  30  are shown in enlarged scale in FIG. 5. The pogopin connectors  30  are provided as spring loaded contacts with bleeding holes in the base contact (barrel), it consists of a metal barrel  33 , an internal metal spring (not visible) and a plunger  34  (moving part). The spring in the connector is under constant load in contact position.  
         [0025]    The antenna blank  21  is clicked on the inner-cover frame  26  of the phone. This construction avoids the dielectric body of the antenna (antenna blank) being placed between the radiator plate  24  and the ground plane of the antenna (PCB-shield  29 ). This structure is important to reduce the dielectric loss in the antenna. The dominating part of the field generated by the antenna will be between the radiator plate  24  and the ground plane (shield  29 ). By not having dielectric material in this area the loss is reduced. The dielectric properties of the antenna blank  21  are still important for the performance. The permittivity of the IXEF material is approximately 4 and it does load the antenna. This type of antenna structure may be called a superstrate loaded antenna (without or substantially without dielectric material between the radiator plate  24  and the ground plane (shield  29 ).  
         [0026]    By providing the antenna blank  21  as a “snap on” structure it will be possible to access the radio signal on the assembly line at the factory in order to verify the performance of the transmitter  18 . Therefore, there is no need to provide a separate RF-connector, which is usually used for performance verification. By being able to remove the antenna relatively easily, it is made possible to connect test equipment to the radio transmitter through the antenna connectors—both during the manufacturing and at after market service.  
         [0027]    In design of the radiator shape a number of aspects must be taken into account. First of all the battery, which during use is placed in the battery cavity  31 , has a large influence on antenna performance. Also it should be designed so that influence of hand and fingers of the user is minimized. The way these things are handled is to put the high voltage point (the end  44  of the GSM part) of the patch at the top of the phone—as far away from the battery as possible. The high voltage point of the patch turned out to be the one having the biggest coupling to the battery.  
         [0028]    The feeding points of the antenna  47  are provided close to the top of the antenna. The ground pin is closest to a slot  45  and the signal pin starts a quarter wave resonant element.  
         [0029]    This antenna has a part—indicated by an arrow  40 —corresponding to the GSM part, which is “active” in both bands (900 MHz and 1800 MHz). In GSM (900 MHz) this part  40  corresponds to quarter wave resonance, while in PCN (1800 MHz) the part has a higher order resonance. A part corresponding to PCN part is a PCN match stub  41 . The PCN match stub  41  matches the higher order resonance of the PCN band. This antenna can basically be described by a U-shaped GSM part  40  and a PCB match stub  41  between the two arms of the U-shaped GSM part  40 .  
         [0030]    The patch antenna is constructed in such a way it can be tuned quite independently in the two bands. In PCN it is a question of making the PCN stub shorter or longer. By removing one or more of the dotted parts of the PCN adjustment part  42 , the PCN frequency will increase without affecting the GSM frequency. In GSM the unique feature of making the slot longer at the same time reduces the size (area) of the PCN stub. This means that even though the PCN frequency is tuned down by making the slot longer and this effect is balanced out by reducing the size of the PCN stub  41 .  
         [0031]    The radiator plate  24  is punched out of a metal sheet and mounted to the inner surface of the antenna blank  21 . This mounting is done by means of ultra sonic welding of the tab on the blank  21  extending through a plurality of holes  46  of the radiator plate  24 . The form of the radiator plate  24  is shown in FIG. 4. Hereby it becomes possible during manufacture to adjust the match of the PCN band of the antenna by cutting off smaller or bigger parts of the PCN adjustment part  42 . In design of this antenna, bandwidth is an important parameter. In order to enhance the bandwidth, the distance between the end  44  of the GSM part and the PCN stub is separated as far as the area allows. This distance (the width of the slot  45 ) may be reduced to tune down the resonance frequency since coupling is increased. However in order to keep a sufficient bandwidth it is preferred to keep distance between the two parts above a certain level. Another bandwidth enhancing feature is to keep the structure as simple as possible in the sense that the current should avoid making strong bends. This has influence on the GSM part but is less critical for the PCN stub.  
         [0032]    By removing one or more of the dotted parts of the GSM adjustment part  43 , the GSM frequency will decrease without affecting the PCN frequency. The current path for GSM will increase. The same will count for the PCN current path, but the size reduction of the PCN stub  41  will compensate for this.  
         [0033]    The main effects of the antenna describe above is the highest voltage is designed for the top of the phone in order to minimize coupling to the battery. Furthermore the coupling between the end of the GSM part and the PCN stub is minimized in order to increase the bandwidth of the antenna. The two bands of the antenna are designed so independent tuning of GSM and PCN is obtained. GSM is tuned by changing the length of the signal path by making the slot bigger, though at the same time making the PCN stub area smaller.  
         [0034]    By having such a design the PCN resonance will be almost constant when making a GSM tuning. The simple structure of the radiator gives the current a natural flow on the patch, which increases the bandwidth of the antenna.