Abstract:
The invention relates to laundry detergents and cleaners comprising microdisperse, hydrophilic silicate-containing particles. The particle diameter of the particles is preferably 1 to 500 nm. The addition of the silicate-containing particles leads to improved soil release with a simultaneous reduction in the tendency for resoiling.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to laundry detergents and cleaners comprising silicate-containing, microdisperse hydrophilic particles and having good soil release properties and a low tendency for resoiling of the surfaces to be cleaned. 
     WO 99/00457 describes a facade coating which reduces the soiling tendency of facades. 
     In EP 252 708, it is found that the addition of colloidal silica to rinse aids reduces the drying time. 
     EP 368 559 describes the use of finely divided silica as an abrasive. 
     DE 2 809 371 describes the use of polydimethylsiloxane and colloidal silica which has an abrasive action. 
     The abovementioned specifications refer to the abrasive action of colloidal silica and its thickening effect in a formulation. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Surprisingly, it has now been found that the addition of microdisperse, hydrophilic silicate-containing particles to laundry detergents and cleaners facilitates soil release, increases the cleaning action and reduces the resoiling of the surfaces treated in this way. 
     The silicate-containing particles act as surface-coating agents which, upon application to the surfaces, displace the soiling and at the same time, as a result of the coating of the surfaces, hinder their resoiling. Repeated use of the laundry detergents and cleaners enhances the effect. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     An essential feature of the silicate-containing particles is their ability to form sufficiently small particles in aqueous dispersion and/or upon application to surfaces. Microdisperse refers to the particle size of the silicate-containing particles. Particles which do not form sufficiently small particles or which do not form particles at all in solution or upon application to surfaces are unsuitable for the invention. 
     The invention provides laundry detergents and cleaners comprising microdisperse, hydrophilic silicate-containing particles. 
     The invention likewise provides for the use of microdisperse, hydrophilic silicate-containing particles as surface-coating agents for enhancing soil release and reducing the tendency for resoiling in laundry detergents and cleaners. 
     The silicate-containing particles preferably have a particle size of from 1 to 500 nm, particularly preferably 9 to 50 nm. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the silicate-containing particles is ionically charged. As a result of the electrical charge, the soil is released more readily and resoiling is hindered. Preferably, the silicate-containing particles are negatively charged. 
     Particularly preferred silicate-containing particles are colloidal silica sols sold by Clariant GmbH as ®Klebosol and by Bayer as ®Baykisol. Furthermore, the synthetic clay minerals hectorite and saponite from Laporte (®Laponite grades), Südchemie (®Optigel) and Clariant GmbH (®SKS-20 and ®SKS-21) are also particularly suitable. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the silicate-containing particles are simultaneously used with hydrophobicizing agents, which enhances soil release and reduces the tendency for resoiling. 
     Preferred hydrophobicizing agents are silicones, silicone oils and/or fluorosilicone oils, e.g. the antifoam emulsions ®SE36 and ®SE39, the antifoam ®S850 and the antifoam powders ®ASP 8,®ASP 15, ®ASP16, ®ASP 20 and ®ASP30 from Wacker. 
     Polyorganosiloxanes, such as, for example, polydimethylsiloxanes, polysiloxanes, alkyl-modified siloxanes and amino-functional siloxanes, particularly preferably ®Finish CT 34 E (silicone softener emulsions from Wacker) are also preferably suitable. 
     Other suitable hydrophobicizing agents are soil release polymers, e.g. polymers of phthalic acid and/or of terephthalic acid or derivatives thereof, in particular oligomeric terephthalate esters, polymers of ethylene terephthalates and polyethylene glycol terephthalates and also anionic and/or nonionic derivatives thereof. 
     Further suitable hydrophobicizing agents are cationic surfactants consisting of quaternary mono- (C 8 -C 16 )-N-Alkyl or -alkenyl ammonium salts whose N positions are occupied by methyl, hydroxymethyl or hydroxypropyl groups. Particular preference is given to distearyidimethylammonium chloride, ditallowdimethylammonium chloride, diethanolamine diesterquat, triethanolamine diesterquat and alkylhydroxyethyidimethylammonium chloride. 
     Other suitable hydrophobicizing agents are fluorine compounds, e.g. those from 3M. 
     The laundry detergents and cleaners preferably comprise 0.01 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, of silicate-containing particles. 
     Preference is also given to concentrates which comprise up to 80% by weight of silicate-containing particles. 
     In the laundry detergents and cleaners, the weight ratio of water to silicate-containing particles is between 10 000:1 and 1:4. 
     The weight ratio of silicate-containing particles to hydrophobicizing agents is preferably between 100:1 and 1:100. 
     Preference is given to laundry detergents and cleaners which comprise to 10% by weight of silicate-containing particles, to 10% by weight of hydrophobicizing agent and up to 99.5% by weight of other laundry detergent/cleaner ingredients. 
     Also preferred are laundry detergents and cleaners which comprise to 10% by weight of silicate-containing particles, 0.5 to 60% by weight of interface-active substances and up to 99.5% by weight of other laundry detergent/cleaner ingredients. 
     Also preferred are laundry detergents and cleaners which comprise to 10% by weight of silicate-containing particles, to 10% by weight of hydrophobicizing agent, 0.5 to 60% by weight of interface-active substances and up to 99.5% by weight of other laundry detergent/cleaner ingredients. 
     The interface-active substances may be anionic, cationic, nonionic and/or zwitterionic surfactants. 
     Particularly preferred nonionic surfactants are alkyl alkoxylates, gluconamides and alkyl polyglycosides. 
     Of the alkyl alkoxylates, preference is given to using ethoxylated alcohols, preferably primary alcohols having, preferably, 8 to 22 carbon atoms and, preferably, 1 to 80 EO units per mole of alcohol, where the alcohol radical is linear or, preferably, methyl-branched in the 2-position, or contains linear and methyl-branched radicals in a mixture, as is usually the case in oxo alcohol radicals. Preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 11 -alcohols having 3, 5, 7, 8 and 11 EO units, (C 12 -C 15 )-alcohols having 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 or 13 EO units, (C 14 -C 15 )-alcohols having 4, 7 or 8 EO units, (C 16 -C 18 )-alcohols having 8, 11, 15, 20, 25, 50 or 80 EO units and mixtures thereof. The degrees of ethoxylation given are statistical average values which may be an integer or a fractional number for a specific product. In addition to these, it is also possible to use fatty alcohol-EO/PO adducts, such as, for example, the ®Genapol grades 3970, 2909 and 2822 from Clariant GmbH. 
     Further suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula R 2 —CO—N(R 3 )—Z, in which R 2 CO is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 3  is hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Z is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. Preferably, alkyl glycosides of the formula RO(G) x  can be used, in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched in the 2-position, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, carbon atoms, and G is a glycose unit having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any desired number between 1 and 10; preferably 1.2 to 1.4. 
     Preference is also given to alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated, fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters as are described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598, or preferably those prepared in accordance with the process described in international patent application WO A 90/13533. 
     Suitable anionic surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably the known (C 9 -C 13 )-alkylbenzenesulfonates, alpha-olefinsulfonates and alkanesulfonates. Also suitable are esters of sulfo fatty acids or the disalts of alpha-sulfo fatty acids. Further suitable anionic surfactants are sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters, which are mono-, di- and triesters and mixtures thereof, as are obtained during the preparation by esterification by 1 mol of monoglycerol with 1 to 3 mol of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 mol of glycerol. Suitable alkyl sulfates are, in particular, the sulfuric monoesters of (C 12 -C 18 )-fatty alcohols, such as lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol, and the fatty alcohol mixtures obtained from coconut oil, palm oil and palm kernel oil which may additionally comprise fractions of unsaturated alcohols, e.g. oleyl alcohol. 
     Suitable further anionic surfactants are, in particular, soaps. Saturated fatty soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and, in particular, soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, e.g. coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are suitable. The anionic surfactants can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts, and in the form of soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts. 
     Further laundry detergent/cleaner ingredients are builders, cobuilders, alkali suppliers, antifoams, dispersants, pH regulators, complexing agents, bleaches, bleach activators and bleach catalysts and/or enzymes. 
     The builders are preferably crystalline alumino silicates, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal orthophosphates, alkali metal pyrophosphates and alkali metal polyphosphates, crystalline phyllosilicates, crystalline alkali metal silicates without a layer structure and/or X-ray amorphous alkali metal silicates. 
     The cobuilders are preferably monomeric, oligomeric, polymeric or copolymeric carboxylic acids. 
     The bleach systems are preferably active chlorine carriers and/or organic or inorganic active oxygen carriers, bleach activators (e.g. TAED), bleach catalysts, enzymes for removing discolorations, perborates and/or percarbonates. 
     The pH regulators are preferably sodium carbonate, citric acid, sodium citrate and/or bicarbonate. 
     Finally, the laundry detergents and cleaners may optionally also comprise enzymes, such as, for example, proteases, amylases, lipases and cellulases. 
     The laundry detergents and cleaners can be used for the treatment of fiber and textile surfaces, but also for the treatment of hard surfaces made from very different materials, e.g. metals, glass, ceramics, plastics etc. 
     The laundry detergents are preferably heavy-duty detergents, compact heavy-duty detergents, compact color detergents, heavy-duty detergents of low bulk density, special detergents, such as, for example, laundry after-treatment compositions, laundry softeners, stain-removal salts, bleach boosters, net curtain detergents, wool detergents, modular detergents and commercial detergents. 
     The cleaners are generally cleaners for hard surfaces, such as, for example, facade, glass, ceramic, metal, window, floor and carpet cleaners. 
     The cleaners are preferably hand dishwashing detergents, machine dishwashing detergents, machine dishwashing cleaners and rinse aids. 
     Further preferred cleaners are automobile and paint cleaners for manual use and for automatic use in car washes. 
     The examples below serve to illustrate the invention without, however, limiting it. The compositions of the formulations according to the invention are given here in percent by weight. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 
     Carrying Out the Gardner Test 
     The Gardner test is a cleaning test for hard surfaces, primarily floors etc. In the test, sample strips (maximum 45 cm long and 5-6 cm wide) are treated with the solution under investigation, dried and then soiled. To investigate the cleaning process, 10 g of the cleaning solution are placed onto the strips and one section of a dishcloth is attached to a holder. The cloth is moved backwards and forwards on the prepared sample strips by means of tension cables, driven by a cam. The number of wiping movements is registered by a counting device. The parameters evaluated are the number of wiping movements to absolute cleanliness, or after a maximum of 50 wiping movements, the grading of the cleaning results on a scale from 1 (clean) to 5. 
     The evaluation 50/3 means here that, after the maximum number of 50 wiping operations, the sample received grade 3 on the scale from 1 to 5. 
     The evaluation 5/1 means here that after just 5 wiping operations, the sample received grade 1 (clean) on the scale from 1 to 5. 
     The surfaces used were ceramic wall tiles and PVC floor tiles. The soilings used were Edding permanent pen, marking crayon and lead pencil (graphite). 
     Carrying Out the Machine Dishwashing Tests 
     In accordance with IEC standard 436 and IKW method, tests were carried out in 4 domestic dishwashing machines (2 Miele G 688 SC and 2 Bosch 6902) at a wash temperature of 55° C. and a dosage of 20 g. 
     The Soilings Were 
     a) Oat flakes on porcelain soup plates and metal soup spoons, dried on at 80° C. for 2 hours. After the cleaning operation, the ware was dyed with iodine/potassium iodide solution and rated visually by reference to a photo catalog and a scale from 0 (dirty) to 10 (clean). The soup spoons are rated visually by reference to a scale from 0 to 10. 
     b) Egg on dessert plates, dried on at 80° C. for 2 hours. After the cleaning operation, the ware was rated visually by reference to a scale from 0 to 10. 
     c) Minced meat on dinner plates, dried on at 80° C. for 2 hours. After the cleaning operation, the ware was rated visually by reference to a scale from 0 to 10. 
     d) Minced meat on dinner plates, dried on at 120° C. for 2 hours. After the cleaning operation, the ware was rated visually by reference to a scale from 0 to 10. 
     e) Spinach on dessert plates, dried on at 80° C. for 2 hours. After the cleaning operation, the ware was rated visually by reference to a scale from 0 to 10. 
     f) Tea on porcelain cups, dried on at 80° C. for 2 hours. After the cleaning operation, the ware was rated visually by reference to a photo catalog and a scale from 0 to 10. 
     g) Milk, on the inside of a glass beaker, dried on in a microwave oven at 80° C. for 2 hours. After the cleaning operation, the ware was rated visually by reference to a photo catalog and a scale from 0 to 10. 
     The measured values were averaged arithmetically and spread on a scale from 0 to 100%. 
     Example 1 (Comparison) 
     An all-purpose cleaner was prepared by mixing Genapol UD 080 and Hostapur SAS 60 together. Water was then mixed in, and finally cumene sulfonate. The cleaning action was investigated using the Gardner test. The composition and the results are listed in table 1. 
     Example 2 
     An all-purpose cleaner was prepared as in example 1. In addition, Klebosol 30 V 25 was added with the water. As a result, an improvement in the cleaning action can be achieved in the Gardner test compared with example 1. The composition and the results are listed in table 1. 
     Example 3 
     An all-purpose cleaner was prepared as in example 1. In addition, Hectorite SKS-21 was added with the water. As a result, an improvement in the cleaning action can be achieved in the Gardner test compared with example 1. The composition and the results are listed in table 1. 
     Example 4 
     An all-purpose cleaner was prepared as in example 1. In addition, Klebosol 30 V 25 was added with the water, and TexCare SRC-1 dispersion was added with the cumin sulfonate. As a result, an improvement in the cleaning effect can be achieved in the Gardner test compared with examples 1 to 3. The composition and the results are listed in table 1. 
     Example 5 (Comparison) 
     A tile/bath cleaner was prepared by mixing isopropanol and water together. Then, Genapol UD 080, Hordaphos CC MS and Hostapur SAS 60 were mixed in with vigorous stirring and, finally, citric acid monohydrate. Using the Gardner test, the cleaning action was investigated. The composition and the results are listed in table 1. 
     Example 6 
     A tile/bath cleaner was prepared as in example 5. In addition, Klebosol 20 H 12 was added with the water. As a result, an improvement in the cleaning effect can be achieved in the Gardner test compared with example 5. The composition and the results are listed in table 1. 
     Example 7 
     A tile/bath cleaner was prepared as in example 5. In addition, Klebosol 20 H 12 was added with the water, and Finish CT 34 E was added with the citric acid. As a result, an improvement in the cleaning action can be achieved in the Gardner test compared with examples 5 and 6. The composition and the results are listed in table 1. 
     Example 8 
     A hand dishwashing detergent was prepared by mixing Hostapur SAS 60 with water and Klebosol 30 R 12. Then, Genagen CAB 818, Genapol UD 080 and Genapol ZRO liquid were mixed in with slow stirring. The composition is listed in table 2. 
     Example 9 
     A window cleaner was prepared by mixing Genapol LRO liquid with water and Klebosol 30 N 12. Then, ammonium hydroxide and isopropanol were mixed in with stirring. The composition is listed in table 2. 
     Example 10 
     A window cleaner was prepared by mixing Genapol LRO liquid with water and Klebosol 30 N 12. Then, ammonium hydroxide, isopropanol and Finish CT 34 E were mixed in with stirring. The composition is listed in table 2. 
     Example 11 
     An all-purpose cleaner was prepared by mixing Genapol UD 080 with Hostapur SAS 60. Then, water, Klebosol 30 R 12 and propylene glycol n-butyl ether were mixed in with stirring. The composition is listed in table 2. 
     Example 12 
     A tile/bath cleaner was prepared by mixing isopropanol with water. Then, Genapol UD 080, Hordaphos CC MS and Hostapur SAS 60 and, finally, were mixed in with stirring. The composition is listed in table 2. 
     Example 13 
     A cleaner for automatic car washes was prepared by successively dissolving Genapol UD 110 and Genapol UD 50 in water. Then, Klebosol 30 R 12 was mixed in. The composition is listed in table 2. 
     Example 14 
     A drying agent for automatic car washes was prepared by successively mixing butyl diglycol, acetic acid, conc., Genamin LAP 100 D and Praepagen 4317. Water and Klebosol 30 H 25 was then mixed in. The composition is listed in table 2. 
     Example 15 
     A hot wax for automatic car washes was prepared by successively mixing balsam turpentine oil, spindle oil, butyl diglycol, Genapol X 080 and Hoechst wax KST. Then, Praepagen WKT, water and Klebosol 30 H 25 were mixed in. The composition is listed in table 2. 
     Example 16 
     A machine dishwashing rinse aid was prepared by successively dissolving citric acid, cumin sulfonate, Genapol 2908 and Klebosol 30 H 25 in water. Dishes were washed using a standard commercial tablet dishwashing detergent in accordance with the general procedure “Carrying out the machine dishwashing tests”. The rinse aid used was the formulation above. This procedure of cleaning and clear-rinsing was repeated, and the dishes were compared afterwards. The composition and the results are listed in table 3. 
     Example 17 
     A machine dishwashing rinse aid is prepared as in example 16. Klebosol 30 H 25 is additionally mixed in. Dishes were washed twice using a standard commercial tablet dishwashing detergent in accordance with the general procedure “Carrying out the machine dishwashing tests”, and treated with the rinse aid. The use of silica sol produces clear advantages for the cleaning action. The composition and the results are listed in table 3. 
     Example 18 
     A pulverulent machine dishwashing detergent is prepared in a Lödige plowshare mixer by introducing the solid components, apart from enzymes, bleaches and perfume, and mixing them thoroughly. The alkyl ethoxylate and the Klebosol 30 V 50 are then sprayed on. Finally, enzymes, perfume and bleaching system are mixed in. The composition is listed in table 4. 
     Example 19 
     A liquid laundry detergent is prepared by mixing, with vigorous stirring, alkylbenzenesulfonate, citric acid, Genapol 3070, soap, water, silicone oil, phosphonate, polyglycol ether and Klebosol 30 V 50. The composition is listed in table 4. 
     Example 20 
     A pulverulent detergent is prepared by mixing antifoam, phyllosilicate, sodium carbonate, Sokalan CP5 and zeolite A in a Lödige plowshare mixer, and spraying on Genapol 3070. The remaining components were briefly mixed in. The composition is listed in table 4. 
     Example 21 
     A fabric softener is prepared by dissolving firstly Lapnite RD and then Praepagen WK in water at 50 to 60° C. with stirring. The composition is listed in table 4. 
     Example 22 
     A fabric softener is prepared by dissolving molten triethanolamine diesterquat (85%) in preheated water at 50° C., then stirring in Genapol UD 088, and cooling the solution. Finally, TexCare SRC-1 dispersion and Klebosol 30 V 50 is stirred in. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 
                 1 
                   
                   
                   
                 5 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Components [%] 
                 Comp. 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
                 Comp. 
                 6 
                 7 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Citric acid monohydrate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                 Cumin sulfonate 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
                 2 
               
               
                 Genapol UD 080 
                 9 
                 9 
                 9 
                 9 
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Hordaphos CC MS 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1 
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 Hostapur SAS 60 
                 8.3 
                 8.3 
                 8.3 
                 8.3 
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                 Isopropanol 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
               
               
                 Propylene glycol n-butyl ether 
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                 Water 
                 77.7 
                 76.7 
                 76.7 
                 75.7 
                 87.5 
                 86.5 
                 86 
               
               
                 Klebosol 30 V 25 
                   
                 1 
                   
                 1 
               
               
                 Klebosol 20 H 12 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 Hectorite SKS-21 
                   
                   
                 1 
               
               
                 TexCare SRC-1 dispersion 
                   
                   
                   
                 1 
               
               
                 Finish CT 34 E 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Dosage 
                 10 g 
                 10 g 
                 10 g 
                 10 g 
                 10 g 
                 10 g 
                 10 g 
               
               
                 Edding permanent/PVC tile 
                 50/5 
                  50/3.5 
                  50/3.5 
                 50/3  
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Marking crayon/PVC tile 
                 50/3 
                  50/2.5 
                  50/2.5 
                 50/2  
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Graphite/PVC tile 
                  5/1 
                 2/1 
                 3/1 
                 2/1 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Edding permanent/ceramic wall tile 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 50/4 
                 50/2 
                 50/1 
               
               
                 Marking crayon/ceramic wall tile 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 50/2 
                 50/1 
                 50/1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Components [%] 
                 8 
                 9 
                 10 
                 11 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ammonium hydroxide (w = 
                   
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 25%) 
               
               
                 Balsam turpentine oil 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 2 
               
               
                 Butyl diglycol 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 18 
                 13 
               
               
                 Citric acid monohydrate 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 3 
               
               
                 Cumin sulphonate 
                   
                   
                   
                 2 
               
               
                 Acetic acid, conc. 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0.8 
               
               
                 Genagen CAB 818 
                 10 
               
               
                 Genamin LAP 100 D 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 2 
               
               
                 Genapol LRO liquid 
                   
                 0.5 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Genapol O 020 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5 
               
               
                 Genapol DU 080 
                 3 
                   
                   
                 9 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Genapol DU 110 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 10 
               
               
                 Genapol DU 50 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 3 
               
               
                 Genapol X 080 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 2 
               
               
                 Genapol ZRO liquid 
                 22.9 
               
               
                 Hoechst wax KST 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 4 
               
               
                 Hordaphos CC MS 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1 
               
               
                 Hostapur SAS 60 
                 42.7 
                   
                   
                 8.3 
                 3 
               
               
                 Isopropanol 
                   
                 29 
                 29 
                   
                 3 
               
               
                 Praepagen 4317 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 10 
               
               
                 Praepagen WKT 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 11 
               
               
                 Propylene glycol n-butyl ether 
                   
                   
                   
                 3 
               
               
                 Spindle oil 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 6 
               
               
                 Water 
                 19.4 
                 69 
                 68 
                 75.7 
                 88.5 
                 86 
                 59.2 
                 57 
               
               
                 Klebosol 30 R 12 
                 2 
                   
                   
                 2 
                   
                 1 
                   
                 5 
               
               
                 Klebosol 30 H 25 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1 
                   
                 5 
               
               
                 Klebosol 30 N 12 
                   
                 1 
                 1 
               
               
                 Finish CT 34 E 
                   
                   
                 1 
               
               
                 Dosing 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1:1000 
                 1:1000 
                 1:500 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Example 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 16 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Components [%] 
                 Comp. 
                 17 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Citric acid 
                 3 
                   
                 3 
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cumin sulfonate, 40% 
                 8 
                   
                 8 
               
               
                   
                 Genapol 2908 
                 14 
                   
                 14 
               
               
                   
                 Water 
                 75 
                   
                 74 
               
               
                   
                 Klebosol 30 H 25 
                 0 
                   
                 1 
               
               
                   
                 Dosing g/cycle 
                 3 
                 g 
                 3 
                 g 
               
               
                   
                 Cleaning action % 
                 75 
                   
                 90 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Example 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Components [%] 
                 18 
                 19 
                 20 
                 21 
                 22 
                 23 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Alkylbenzenesulfonate 
                   
                   
                 25 
                 9 
                   
                   
               
               
                 Antifoam 
                   
                   
                   
                 1 
               
               
                 Citrate th 
                 35 
               
               
                 Citric acid 
                   
                   
                 2 
               
               
                 Cumin sulfonate, 40% 
               
               
                 Genapol 2822 
                 1.5 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 Genapol 2908 
               
               
                 Genapol 3070 
                   
                   
                 9 
                 8 
               
               
                 Genapol UD 088 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0.5 
               
               
                 Makrophos 1018 
                   
                 47 
               
               
                 Perfume 
                 0.3 
                 0.3 
               
               
                 Peractive AC White 
                 5 
                 2 
               
               
                 Peractive AN 
                   
                   
                   
                 5 
               
               
                 Perborate mh 
                 — 
                 10 
                   
                 18 
               
               
                 Percarbonate 
                 10 
                 — 
               
               
                 Praepagen WK 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 6.7 
               
               
                 Savinase 6.0 TW 
                 1.5 
                 1.5 
                   
                 1.5 
               
               
                 Phyllosilicate 
                 5 
                 5.2 
                   
                 15 
               
               
                 Soap 
                   
                   
                 5 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 Sodium carbonate 
                 31.7 
                 25.5 
                   
                 12.5 
               
               
                 Sokalan CP45 
                 7.5 
                 3.5 
               
               
                 Sokalan CP5 
                   
                   
                   
                 6 
               
               
                 Termamyl 120T 
                 1.5 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 Termamyl 60T 
                   
                   
                   
                 1.5 
               
               
                 TexCare SRC-1 dispersion 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 4 
               
               
                 Triethanolamine diesterquat 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5.5 
               
               
                 (85%) 
               
               
                 Water 
                   
                   
                 40 
                   
                 93.2 
                 89 
               
               
                 Zeolite A 
                   
                   
                   
                 20 
               
               
                 Wacker silicone oil 
                   
                   
                 1 
               
               
                 Phosphonate 
                   
                   
                 1 
               
               
                 Polyglycol ether 
                   
                   
                 15 
               
               
                 Klebosol 30 V 50 
                 1 
                 2 
                 2 
                 1 
                   
                 1 
               
               
                 Laponite RD 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 0.1 
               
               
                 Dosing g/cycle 
                 20 g 
                 20 g 
                 130 g 
                 20 g 
                 5-7 g 
                 5-7 g 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 List of substances used: 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Alkylbenzenesulfonate 
                 Marlon ARL, Hüls 
               
               
                 Ammonium hydroxide (w = 25%) 
                 Riedel de Haen 
               
               
                 Antifoam 
                 Wacker 
               
               
                 Balsam turpentine oil 
                 — 
               
               
                 Butyl diglycol 
                 Merck 
               
               
                 Citric acid 
                 Jungbunzlauer 
               
               
                 Citric acid monohydrate 
                 Jungbunzlauer 
               
               
                 Cumin sulfonate 
                 Condea 
               
               
                 Acetic acid, conc. 
                 Riedel de Haen 
               
               
                 Finish CT 34 E 
                 Wacker 
               
               
                 Genagen CAB 818 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genamin LAP 100 D 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genapol 2822 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genapol 2908 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genapol 3070 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genapol LRO liquid 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genapol O 020 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genapol UD 080 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genapol UD 088 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genapol UD 110 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genapol UD 50 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genapol X 080 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Genapol ZRO liquid 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Hectorite SKS-21 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Hoechst wax KST 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Hordaphos CC MS 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Hostapur SAS 60 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Isopropanol 
                 Riedel de Haen 
               
               
                 Klebosol 20 H 12 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Klebosol 30 H 25 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Klebosol 30 N 12 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Klebosol 30 R 12 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Klebosol 30 V 25 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Klebosol 30 V 50 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Laponite RD 
                 Laporte 
               
               
                 Macrophos 1018 
                 BK Giulini 
               
               
                 Perfume 
                 Lemon perfume 78122D, Orissa 
               
               
                 Peractive AC White 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Peractive AN 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Perborate mh 
                 Degussa 
               
               
                 Percarbonate 
                 Oxyper C, Solvay Interox 
               
               
                 Phosphonate 
                 Dequest 2041, Monsanto 
               
               
                 Polyglycol ether 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Praepagen 4317 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Praepagen WK 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Praepagen WKT 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Propylene glycol n-butyl ether 
                 Merck 
               
               
                 Savinase 6.0 TW 
                 Solvay Enzymes 
               
               
                 Phyllosilicate 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Soap 
                 Liga base soap HM11E 
               
               
                 Sodium carbonate 
                 Heavy soda, Matthes&amp;Weber 
               
               
                 Sokalan CP45 
                 BASF 
               
               
                 Sokalan CP5 
                 BASF 
               
               
                 Spindle oil 
                 — 
               
               
                 Termamyl 120T 
                 Solvay enzymes 
               
               
                 Termamyl 60T 
                 Solvay enzymes 
               
               
                 TexCare SRC-1 dispersion 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Triethanolamine diesterquat 
                 Clariant 
               
               
                 Wacker silicone oil 
                 Wacker 
               
               
                 Water 
                 — 
               
               
                 Zeolite A 
                 Wessalith P, Degussa