Abstract:
Embodiments of the invention are concerned with a method and a system for distributing mobile applications, in particular to aspects of receiving, processing and displaying advertisements on mobile terminals. In one aspect, embodiments provide a software component for controlling movement for an advertisement image on a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal comprising a display area and a processor, the software component comprising processable instructions defining movement of the advertisement image relative to the display area, wherein the instructions are wirelessly transmissible to the mobile terminal and the processor is arranged to process said instructions in order to more the advertisement image.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/431,961 filed Apr. 29, 2009, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/156,335 filed May 30, 2008, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/571,709 filed Mar. 2, 2007, which is an application under 37 USC 371 of International Application Serial No. PCT/GB2004/003890 filed Sep. 13, 2004, which in turn claims priority of British Patent Application Serial No. 0321337.8 filed Sep. 11, 2003. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a method and a system for distributing mobile applications and is suitable particularly, but not exclusively for receiving, processing and displaying advertisements on mobile terminals. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Currently the Short Message Service (SMS) is the medium of choice for personal messaging. In addition to personal messaging, several companies have designed systems that are intended to include advertisement information in SMS messages. For example, International patent application WO 03/015430 describes a service whereby advertisement data (including length of advertisement (number of characters), a preview of the advertisement and an identifier associated with the advertisement provided by external sources) are stored on mobile terminal in a “local” store, and the user selects an advert, from the store, to accompany an outgoing message. The terminal then calculates a length available for text, and the sender is allowed to enter a message having a length up to the calculated length. An outgoing message is then created, comprising the advertisement ID associated with the selected advertisement and the user&#39;s message text, and having a header indicating that the message has advertising content. The outgoing message is then sent from the terminal and received by the SMSC, which checks the header of the message; any message having an identifier corresponding to the advertisement type is passed to an “ad server”. The ad server processes the message, effectively selecting an advertisement from a store, creating one or more messages that comprise the selected advertisement and creating an SMS message that can be read by the recipient&#39;s mobile phone terminal. 
         [0004]    Despite the popularity of SMS messaging, wireless has not yet made its mark as an advertising medium. This is partly because each SMS message is limited to 160 characters, and these characters can only be selected from the ASCII set, which makes it difficult to include meaningful and catchy product information in the messages. As a result the ad server quite often creates a plurality of messages, which means that either the receiving terminal has to be equipped with some software that concatenates the messages together in some elegant manner (since presentation is very important with advertising), or the receiving terminal simply displays the messages separately, as is the case with non-modified SMS messages exceeding 160 characters in length. Since the success of the advertising industry is heavily reliant on the impression created by advertisements, and since SMS messages can only provide an extremely restricted visual impact, this means that, as an advertising medium, the SMS communication service is rather limited. 
         [0005]    International patent application PCT/AU00/01296, published as WO0131497 describes delivering advertisement data wirelessly as video data. In one arrangement video data streams are unicast or multicast to individual subscribers, the subscribers having a corresponding player or decoder on their terminal for decoding and displaying the received streams. These video streams are described as e.g. live news, video-on-demand (VOD) provider etc., and the video advertising can include multiple video objects, which can be sourced separately. In one arrangement, a video advertisement object can be dynamically inserted into a video stream being delivered to the decoder, the nature of this insertion being controlled by control data embedded in the advert object. Alternatively an interactive video file can be downloaded, rather than streamed, to a device so that it can be viewed offline or online at any time. A downloaded video file has all of the interaction and dynamic media composition capabilities that are provided by the online streaming process and includes menus, advertising objects, and forms that register user selections and feedback. Whilst this is creates a significantly improved impression, from the point of view of perception of a product or service, video files (object or streamed data) require a significant amount of bandwidth and often taken an unacceptable amount of time to download to a mobile device. 
         [0006]    An object of the present invention is to provide a convenient method of presenting information to a user of a mobile terminal. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    Aspects of the present invention are set out in the appended claims. 
         [0008]    Features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention, given by way of example, only, which is made with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]      FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of a mobile network arranged in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0010]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing components of, and arranged to execute on, the terminal T 1  shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0011]      FIG. 3  is a schematic illustration of a message presentation setting specified by one of the components shown in  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0012]      FIG. 4   a  is a flow diagram showing steps involved in an aspect of the invention concerning embedding advertisement data into applications running on the terminal shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0013]      FIG. 4   b  is a flow diagram showing further steps involved in an aspect of the invention concerning applications running on the terminal shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is a flow diagram showing steps involved in an aspect of the invention concerned with displaying advertisements distributed to a mobile terminal via the mobile network shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0015]    Embodiments of the invention are concerned with distribution of advertisement data to mobile devices and interactive features of the distributed advertisement data. The invention has several aspects, including the way in which advertisement data is formatted; interactive content of advertisement data; embedding of advertisement data in applications such as games and the like; peer-to-peer distribution of advertisements and of applications arranged to display and run such advertisement data; and selection of message settings utilizing advertisement data. Details of these aspects will be described in detail later in the description, but first a description of the infrastructure needed to support the aspects will be presented. 
         [0016]      FIG. 1  shows an example of a data system  1  within which embodiments of the invention operate. In  FIG. 1 , the blocks indicate components of the data system  1 . In the arrangement shown in  FIG. 1 , a terminal T 1  communicates with various network devices within the data system  1 . The terminal T 1  may be a wireless terminal such as a mobile phone, a PDA or a Laptop computer that is configured to run an advertisement application  10  according to the invention, as will be described in more detail below. 
         [0017]    The data system  1  comprises: a WAP gateway G 1 , which is typically a network operator&#39;s WAP gateway configured to send and receive signals over Bluetooth or GPRS; an advertisement services server S 1 , with which the advertisement application  10  communicates via the WAP gateway G 1 ; an MMSC store and forward network node  11 , which is managed by the network operator and arranged to control transmission of MMS messages between senders and recipients; Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) radio and switching network infrastructure components identified as Base Station BSS  13  and MSC  15 , together with an SMS store and forward network node  17  and gateway G 2  which enables SMS messages to be transmitted from the mobile network PLMN to the server S 1 ; and a database DB 1 , arranged to receive and store, from the advertisement services server S 1 , content data together with data in respect of subscribers and in respect of terminals such as T 1 . The data system  1  can also include network devices required to support communication via the GPRS communication service; for example, the data system  1  may include a Gateway GPRS Support Node (not shown), which is adapted to provide an interface between a GPRS network and external data networks (such as the Internet or private networks) receiving data packets from mobile devices, and forwarding them, in a known manner, through external networks. 
         [0018]    The advertisement services server S 1  is arranged to store and download content data such as news, sport and images, which have been sourced from third party content providers shown as S 2 , S 3 , S 4  via Network N 1 , and application data such as object files, executable files and script files. The content and application data may be, or include, advertisement data, as will be described in more detail below, and is typically sent to the server S 1  over a TCP/IP link. In addition to receiving IP packets from servers S 2 , S 3  and S 4 , the server S 1  is configured to deploy data and WAP applications to mobile terminals such as T 1  over a Bluetooth link. Accordingly the WAP services server S 1  can be accessed by the terminal T 1 , either directly by the advertisement application  10  or in response to input from the user of terminal T 1 . In addition, the server S 1  is arranged to receive and store (in database DB 1 ) demographic information relating to subscribers of the data service, which can be used in selection of appropriate content and application data. 
         [0019]    Aspects of the advertisement application  10  will now be described in more detail.  FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of an advertisement application  10  according to the invention. The application  10  can be distributed to terminal T 1  using peer-to-peer methods (i.e. from other terminals) or downloaded from the server S 1 , via Bluetooth or GPRS communication services, or stored on a memory card associated with the terminal T 1  or on the SIM card associated with the terminal T 1 . The advertisement application  10  is preferably a native application, i.e. written in a low level computer language that is compiled to run directly by the CPU of terminal T 1  (e.g. C or C++), or a Java™ application, in which case the terminal T 1  also includes a Java virtual machine (JVM)/Java runtime arrangement capable of running the advertisement application  10  as an application-level software environment. 
         [0020]    In one embodiment, the advertisement application  10  includes an initialization process, which, when the advertisement application  10  is invoked for the first time, requests certain demographic information from the subscriber. For example, the initialization process can display a form having several fields therein such as identity, age, sex, interests etc., which the subscriber has to complete for the application to become fully operational. Once the user has entered data into these fields, the initialization process inserts the data into one or more messages. The messages can be embodied as SMS messages, in which case they are transported to the server S 1  via BSS  13 , MSC  15 , SMSC  17  and G 2 , or as WAP packets and transported to the server S 1  via G 1  using WAP over Bluetooth (or GPRS). In response, and provided the data sent comprises sufficient information, the server S 1  transmits an unlocking code, which automatically unlocks the application  10 , making it fully operational. 
         [0021]    The advertisement application  10  comprises an update engine  201  and a processing engine  203 , the update engine  201  being arranged to send data indicative of subscriber settings and advertisement selection to the server S 1 . Preferably the update engine  201  communicates with the server S 1  periodically (e.g. daily), uploading the subscriber&#39;s settings and advertisement selections for the forthcoming period. The processing engine  203  is arranged to process application data such as games, and content data such as images, news and sports, which have been received from the server S 1  (or from other remote services). In addition, the processing engine  203  is arranged to process advertisement data, which, in one embodiment are sent as SMS or MMS messages, but could alternatively be sent as data packets via GPRS or Bluetooth. 
         [0022]    The update engine  201  is arranged to display various message presentation settings to the subscriber, which can be modified to enable the user to select his preferred settings. Presentation settings that can be modified include a frame around messages, font of messages, and orientation and positioning of text and graphics and the like within and around the message, and an example is shown in  FIG. 3 . Once the subscriber has entered his preferred settings, the update engine  201  transmits a file including the settings information to the server S 1 , which stores the settings in the database DB 1 , for use in modifying messages subsequently sent by the user (as will be described in more detail below). 
         [0023]    The processing engine  203  is configured to request and receive content data, advertisement data, executable files and/or object files from the server S 1  (or other remote servers), and to process the received data and files. In the case of content data (e.g. news and sports), the processing engine  203  is arranged to display the content, embedding advertisement data therein. The advertisement data could, for example, be inserted between news stories, whenever certain keywords appear, in accordance with predetermined settings that accompany the content data, or at random. The advertisement data are preferably sent with the content data, and include an identifier (herein referred to as advertisement ID) which identifies the subject matter of the advert. Advertisements, and hence the subject matter thereof, are preferably selected by the server S 1  in accordance with the type of content data and the subscriber&#39;s settings. 
         [0024]    In the case of executable files and/or object files, these are downloaded to the terminal T 1  and invoked by the processing engine  203 . The files can be downloaded on demand, or in accordance with previously specified conditions, in which case the advertisement application  10  may include a socket connection arranged to listen for data and, in response to receipt thereof, to pass the received data onto the processing engine  203 . The executable files can include games, more specifically trial games, which include real-time calls for visualization of data; in one arrangement and in use, the games include real-time calls between levels of the game. 
         [0025]    Aspects of the invention that relate to processing and serving visualization requests will now be described with reference to  FIG. 4   a . The processing engine  203  receives a visualization request from the executable process, the request having been invoked either in response to a command issued by the processing engine  203  or autonomously generated by the executable process itself (step  400 ). Having sent the visualization request, operation of at least part of the executable process is paused, and control is handed over to the processing engine  203 . In response to receipt of the visualization request, the processing engine  203  identifies (step  401 ) whether the call specifies that data should be retrieved from a remote source. If the request specifies a remote source, the processing system  203  sends (step  403 ) a request to server S 1 , preferably via the WAP gateway G 1 , for advertisement data. The request may include certain parameters, such as type of process etc., and the server S 1  responds by selecting (step  405 ) an advertisement in accordance with the settings of the subscriber (retrievable from the database DB 1 ) and those parameters (if any) included in the request. The selected advertisement is then transmitted (step  407 ) to the terminal T 1 , and upon receipt thereof the processing engine  203  displays the advertisement (step  409 ). Having displayed the advertisement the processing engine  203  sends an instruction to the executable process (step  411 ), causing it to resume whichever processing step was paused at step  400 . Resuming processing, when the executable process is a game might, for example, involve moving onto the next level in the game. 
         [0026]    Alternatively the processing engine  203  could select one of the advertisements that has previously been transmitted to, and hence stored on, the terminal T 1 ; for example, if the subscriber has recently received news data (and advertisement data with the news data), the processing system  203  could review (step  411 ), by means of advertisement ID associated with advertisement data, those advertisements already stored on the terminal T 1 , with a view to identifying (step  413 ) an advertisement that matches the subscriber preferences and/or indeed the type of executable process. Of course, in the event that none of the local advertisements is relevant to the preferences, the processing engine  203  can retrieve advertisements from the remote store, following steps  403 ,  405 ,  407 . As a further alternative, and when the executable process is a game, when the processing engine  203  first invokes the trial game, it can, firstly, identify types of advertisements that are to be displayed between levels. The processing engine  203  then sends a request to the server S 1 , as per step  403 , but in this variant the request is for all of the advertisements that could be displayed at any point in the game (e.g. various levels). The server selects (as per step  405 ) relevant advertisements and transmits them (as per step  407 ) to the terminal T 1 . Then, when the trial game makes a call for an advertisement to be displayed, the processing engine  203  can select one of the adverts that was transmitted at step  407  on the basis of the subject matter and level of the game and the subject matter of an advertisement (as identifiable from the associated advertisement ID) in addition, or as an alternative, to the user&#39;s preferences. An advantage of this variant is that selection of relevant advertisement data will incur minimum time delay; for cases where the executable process is a game this embodiment will present a minimal interruption to operation of the trial game. 
         [0027]    For the case where the executable process is a game, and referring to  FIG. 4   b , the game can include a “select game” function, which, if invoked (step  421 ), causes the processing engine  203  to halt the trial game (step  423 ) and retrieve (step  425 ) the standard version of the game (i.e. without adverts). Alternatively, the game could comprise an executable portion that, during execution of the trial game, is locked. In this variant step  425  could involve retrieving an unlocking code. Once the unlocking code has been received the processing engine  203  could apply the received unlocking code to the game, thereby allowing the user full access thereto. 
         [0028]    Step  425  may additionally include performing certain transaction-related steps, such as requesting payment details from the subscriber, which, if entered, are preferably encapsulated within SMS messages and forwarded to the advertiser, via server BSS  13 , MSC  15 , SMSC  17 , G 2  and advertisement services server S 1 . In the event that the advertisement data selected at step  405  (or  413 ) are related to the game, they could include data which, when visualized, comprise selectable items that are configured to enable the user to select different versions of the game. 
         [0029]    In some cases the advertisement data include an image file and a script file, the script file including control instructions for controlling how an image is to be displayed. In one arrangement the control instructions include movement instructions, specifically panning instructions controlling how an image moves across or around the display, and the rate at which the image is to be moved across the display. An example of a script file that controls movement of a football bouncing across the screen is set out below (image files here are “whitescreen.jpg”, “anim_nike_logo.jpg”, “anim_nike_football.jpg”): 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                   NAME  NIKE // 4 letter ID 
               
               
                   
                 #include “m1anim.rh” 
               
               
                   
                 RESOURCE ANIMATION { 
               
               
                   
                  ad_duration_milliseconds = 4000; 
               
               
                   
                  campaign_name = “Nike”; 
               
               
                   
                  advertisement_name = “Nike Football”; 
               
               
                   
                  image_files = { “whitescreen.jpg”, “anim_nike_logo.jpg”, 
               
               
                   
                 “anim_nike_football.jpg” }; 
               
               
                   
                  effects = { 
               
               
                   
                 IMAGE_EFFECT { 
               
               
                   
                 image_file_no = 2; 
               
               
                   
                 on_off_points = { 200, 2500 }; 
               
               
                   
                 top_left = { 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG {type = 2; time = 200; x = −55; y = 0; }, 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG {type = 2; time = 800; x = 121; y = 0; }, 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG {type = 2; time = 1400; x = 0; y = 154; }, 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG {type = 2; time = 1800; x = 121; y = 154; }, 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { type = 2; time = 2200; x = 60; y = 77; } 
               
               
                   
                 }; 
               
               
                   
                 size = { 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { x = 55; y = 54; } 
               
               
                   
                 }; 
               
               
                   
                 source_pos = { 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { x = 0; y = 0; } 
               
               
                   
                 }; 
               
               
                   
                   }, 
               
               
                   
                 IMAGE_EFFECT { 
               
               
                   
                 image_file_no = 1; 
               
               
                   
                 on_off_points = { 2000 }; 
               
               
                   
                 top_left = { 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { time = 2200; x = 11; y = 208; }, 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { time = 2700; x = 11; y = 170; } 
               
               
                   
                 }; 
               
               
                   
                 size = { 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { x = 153; y = 28; } 
               
               
                   
                 }; 
               
               
                   
                 source_pos = { 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { x = 0; y = 0; } 
               
               
                   
                 }; 
               
               
                   
                   }, 
               
               
                   
                 IMAGE_EFFECT { 
               
               
                   
                 image_file_no = 0; 
               
               
                   
                 on_off_points = { 0, 4000 }; 
               
               
                   
                 top_left = { 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { type = 0; time = 0; x = 0; y = 0; }, 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { type = 0; time = 200; x = 176; y = 0; }, 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { type = 0; time = 3500; x = 0; y = 0;} 
               
               
                   
                 }; 
               
               
                   
                 size = { 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { x = 176; y = 212; } 
               
               
                   
                 }; 
               
               
                   
                 source_pos = { 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { x = 0; y = 0; } 
               
               
                   
                 }; 
               
               
                   
                   }, 
               
               
                   
                 FADE_EFFECT { 
               
               
                   
                 fade_no = 0; 
               
               
                   
                 on_off_points = { 0, 200 }; 
               
               
                   
                 fade_data = { 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { time = 0; x = 255; y = 0; }, 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { time = 200; x = 0; y = 0; }, 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { time = 201; x = 255; y = 0; } 
               
               
                   
                 }; 
               
               
                   
                   }, 
               
               
                   
                 FADE_EFFECT { 
               
               
                   
                 fade_no = 1; 
               
               
                   
                 on_off_points = { 3000, 4000 }; 
               
               
                   
                 fade_data = { 
               
               
                   
                   CP_2_LONG { time = 3000; x = 255; y = 0; }, 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { time = 3500; x = 0; y = 0; }, 
               
               
                   
                 CP_2_LONG { time = 4000; x = 255; y = 0; } 
               
               
                   
                 }; 
               
               
                   
                   }, 
               
               
                   
                  }; 
               
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0030]    Known systems, such as that described in international patent publication number WO01031497, include means for sending advertisements that move dynamically across the screen; however, these moving images are embodied as compressed video files, which occupy a considerable amount of bandwidth. An advantage of this aspect of the invention is that, since the moving images are embodied as a combination of an image, file and a script file, they occupy far less bandwidth. 
         [0031]    Preferably the advertisement image file includes a selectable portion (such as a drop down menu or a button), which, when selected, displays one or more options. These options can include “forwarding” the advertisement to another subscriber, which causes the processing engine  403  to create an MMS message comprising the advertisement data; displaying another page with more information based on the already downloaded script and image file contents; accessing the web site of the company associated with the advertisement; and/or sending a request for further information to the company associated with the advertisement. If the latter option is selected, the request is sent to the advertiser (via server S 1 ), which selects data in accordance with the request and inserts the selected data into a standard mobile phone form, transmitting the form to the terminal T 1  as an encoded SMS message or as a WAP data packet (via Bluetooth or GPRS). 
         [0032]    Referring now to  FIG. 5 , in a further aspect, the processing engine  203  could be arranged to invoke advertisement data whenever a user performs certain actions. Such actions include creating a new message, receiving and reading a message, accessing a web site, requesting data etc. This aspect will now be described for the example of creating a message; at step  501 , in response to the subscriber creating a new message using a messaging application running on the mobile terminal, the processing engine  203  interrupts the messaging application and selects advertisement data, e.g. based on the time of day and/or the location of the subscriber, and displays the selected advertisement on the terminal (step  503 ). To facilitate this aspect of the invention the advertisement application  10  ensures that a minimum amount of advertisement data is stored on the terminal T 1  at all times and refreshes the data periodically (typically every day, but the timescales could be either shorter or longer depending on the type of advertisement). 
         [0033]    In some arrangements the advertisement application  10  can be configured so that the subscriber can only continue with his intended action if he interacts with the terminal T 1  within a particular time period. This time period overlaps with the time during which advertisement data are displayed. When the advertisement data relate to a moving image, this aspect of the invention is particularly useful, since, in the event that the subscriber fails to interact with the terminal within the time period the application  10  can simply play the advertisement again. The visualization step  503  is repeated until the subscriber successfully interacts with the terminal within the time period (steps  505 ,  507 ), following which the messaging application running on the mobile terminal is enabled, by the processing engine  203 , to resume processing once again. 
         [0034]    From the point of view of advertising, an advantage of this aspect of the invention is that subscribers are forced to pay attention to the advertisement data if they wish to interact with their terminal T 1 . However, in order to minimize inconvenience to the user the time period within which user input is monitored should be reasonably short; for example, if the advertisement data are displayed once every 5 seconds, the time period could last for 3 seconds and occur within the middle of the advertisement. 
         [0035]    As described above, the update engine  201  is arranged to send message presentation settings to the server S 1 . These presentation settings are subsequently used by the server S 1  during a message modification process, whereby SMS, MMS or email messages, which are sent from one subscriber to another subscriber, are modified to include advertisement data. In addition to appending advertisement data to messages, the message modification process involves using the presentation settings to modify the way in which messages are presented on a screen, effectively customizing both the content and the presentation of messages. For outgoing MMS messages to be modified in this manner, outgoing messages have to be routed to the server S 1  in the first instance. Once received by the server S 1 , the server S 1  modifies messages—e.g. by selecting and appending an advertisement to the message in accordance with subscriber data stored in the database DB 1 , and/or by modifying the presentation of the message in accordance with the settings data transmitted by update engine  201 . In the event that the settings data include data specifying preferred types of advertisements, selection of an advertisement is additionally dependent on these preferences. A notable feature of this aspect of the invention is that message settings and advertisement preferences are not transmitted together with the message, but are transmitted separately; by the update engine  201 , as described above. An advantage of this aspect of the invention is that, for a given time period, advertisement preferences only have to be sent once rather than each time a message is created. It should be noted that those MMS messages that themselves comprise advertisement data—e.g. having been forwarded from terminal T 1  in response to selection of an option presented to the user of terminal T 1  as described above—are preferably not modified by the server S 1 . Those MMS messages that comprise such forwarded advertisements can have data in their header portion identifying the MMS message as an advertisement-type message. Accordingly, to differentiate between MMS messages that should be modified and messages that should not be modified the server S 1  is arranged to initially review the headers of the received MMS message. In the event that one or more headers of the MMS message are identified to relate to advertisement data the message is not modified, but is instead transmitted directly to the network operator&#39;s MMSC  11 . 
         [0036]    If a message has been modified by the server S 1  to include advertisement data, the server S 1  transmits the message to the network operator&#39;s MMSC  11  for transmission to the recipient of the message (in accordance with conventional methods). In an alternative implementation, the data system  1  can include a proxy MMSC (not shown), in which case the terminal settings could be modified such that all messages are sent to the proxy MMSC in the first instance. The update engine  201  would then transmit the message settings (presentation and advertisement) to the proxy MMSC instead of to the server S 1 . In this variant the proxy MMSC would include the selecting and modifying functionality described above, and be arranged to forward the modified messages to the operator&#39;s MMSC  11  as described above. 
         [0037]    A particularly convenient use for embodiments of the invention is in public venues such as festivals, shows and the like, since embodiments can be used to distribute venue-specific information transparently to mobile terminals associated with attendees of the festival. Several application servers such as server S 1  could be located at various points within the venue and the server S 1  be arranged to transmit application, advertisement and content data wirelessly to the terminals. Preferably the data are transmitted using Bluetooth, since this provides a convenient and location dependent means of controlling content delivery. Each such server S 1  could be arranged to access a database DB 1 , the content of which has preferably already been updated to store advertisement data relating to the sponsors of the event; in addition third party servers, such as S 2 , S 3 , S 4  could upload data to the database DB 1  and server S 1  by sponsors of, and during, the event. Mobile terminals entering the vicinity of server(s) S 1  could receive application  10 , wirelessly, together with data to be invoked and displayed by the application  10  and alert the user of the mobile terminal as to various products, services and demonstrations on offer within the venue. Other possible uses of embodiments of the invention include airports, retail stores (in particular supermarkets), libraries and the like. 
         [0038]    The above embodiments are to be understood as illustrative examples of the invention. It is to be understood that any feature described in relation to any one embodiment may be used alone, or in combination with other features described, and may also be used in combination with one or more features of any other of the embodiments, or any combination of any other of the embodiments. Furthermore, equivalents and modifications not described above may also be employed without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined in the accompanying claims.