Abstract:
There is disclosed a system for cleaning and disinfecting allograft material. In an embodiment, the system includes a sterile bag and a motorized paddle blender. The sterile bag having an outer wall configured to withstand blending forces, at least one paddle contact section, and a free-floating mesh bag configured to retain the allograft material. The motorized paddle blender having at least one paddle configured to apply blending forces on the sterile bag on the at least one paddle contact area, a motorized portion to actuate the at least one paddle, and a door component configured to hold the sterile bag adjacent the at least one paddle. The at least one paddle and the allograft retaining section are configured to prevent the paddle from contacting the allograft material when the blending forces are applied on the sterile bag on the at least one paddle contact area.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    The use of musculoskeletal allograft tissue in reconstructive orthopedic procedures and other medical procedures has markedly increased over the last decade. The most common allograft is bone. However, tendons, skin, heart valves and corneas are other common types of tissue allografts. 
         [0002]    Prior to use, the allograft tissue must be evaluated for microbial contamination. The allograft product must be tested for bacterial contamination prior to release of the tissue for transplantation. Swabs are widely used in the pharmaceutical and medical device industry for evaluating microbial contaminants on small, hard, non-porous manufacturing equipment, in addition to detecting microbial contaminants in environmental monitoring programs. Some areas of the allograft are simply inaccessible to a swab, thereby not allowing for complete analysis of the allograft for microbial contaminants. 
         [0003]    Another method used for detecting microbial contamination on allografts is destructive testing. Destructive testing using companion tissues (small sections of typically lower quality or unusable portions of the allograft) is routinely used to assess microbial contamination on entire allograft lots. This practice has come under intense scrutiny by regulatory agencies since the companion tissue may not be representative of the microbial contamination on entire allograft lot. Furthermore, the geometry of the companion tissue does not adequately represent the geometry of the entire allograft lot. 
         [0004]    Recently, non-allograft materials from varying sources (bovine, ceramic, synthetic, etc.) have been used as a representative model of what the allograft tissue products are exposed to during handling and processing. The limitation with these materials is that they are not truly representative of the actual allograft. Furthermore, it is extremely difficult to fabricate synthetic samples to model every product category currently utilized for transplantation. 
         [0005]    Prior to use, the allograft tissue must be treated with various agents in order to substantially eliminate microbial contamination as well as clean the tissue of residual blood constituents, bone marrow, residual connective tissue and gross musculature. A variety of cleaning processes have been developed in order to remove contaminants from the allograft and to inactivate microbial contaminants remaining on the allografts. However, these cleaning and inactivation methods are laborious and tedious, and often do not provide a high level of assurance that the allografts have been sufficiently cleaned (e.g., low or inconsistent log reductions in microbial contamination). In particular, many existing allograft cleaning processes require considerable manipulation of the allografts between steps, thus increasing the possibility of environmental cross-contamination. Existing processes also tend to be hard to regulate and control, and their efficacy can be technician dependent. Existing processes also tend to have a shielding or layering effect that can greatly reduce ultrasonic energy penetration and thus not clean as effectively. Furthermore, the shielding effect will also impede the liberation of contaminant microorganisms off of the tissues and into solution where they are more readily eradicated. 
         [0006]    Following treatment, allograft products must be tested for bacterial contamination prior to release of the tissue for transplantation. Existing methods of assessing microbial contamination, however, suffer form the same limitations described above (e.g. considerable manipulation between steps, possibility for environmental cross-contamination, hard to regulate and control, technician dependent, etc.). 
         [0007]    In the past, ultrasound has been utilized to reduce and/or eliminate microbial contamination of allograft products. Ultrasound is microbiostatic to most microbes, and is used primarily to reduce microbial loads from inanimate objects with specific bactericidal activity on gram-negative bacteria. 
         [0008]    With the increased use of allograft products, there is a need to provide improved methods and apparatus for treating allografts in order to help provide the cleanest and safest allografts as well as confirm that the allografts are free from bacterial contamination. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0009]    This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key aspects or essential aspects of the claimed subject matter. Moreover, this Summary is not intended for use as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
         [0010]    In an embodiment, there is provided a system for cleaning and disinfecting allograft material, the system comprising a sterile bag having an outer wall configured to withstand blending forces, at least one paddle contact section, and a free-floating mesh bag configured to retain the allograft material, an allograft retaining section separate from the at least one paddle contact section, a motorized paddle blender having at least one paddle configured to apply blending forces on the sterile bag on the at least one paddle contact area, a motorized portion to actuate the at least one paddle, and a door component configured to hold the sterile bag adjacent the at least one paddle, wherein the at least one paddle and the allograft retaining section are configured to prevent the paddle from contacting the allograft material when the blending forces are applied on the sterile bag on the at least one paddle contact area. 
         [0011]    In another embodiment, there is provided a process of cleaning allograft material, the process comprising staged, continuous, or both staged and continuous solution fluid pumping into the bag system. 
         [0012]    In yet another embodiment, there is provided a process of disinfecting allograft material with an allograft microbial extraction process. 
         [0013]    In still another embodiment, there is provided a process of demineralizing allograft material with an acid solution. 
         [0014]    In another embodiment, there is provided a process of preparing allograft material with an allograft viability promotion process. 
         [0015]    In still yet another embodiment, there is provided a process of preparing allograft material with a final packaging process. 
         [0016]    Other embodiments are also disclosed. 
         [0017]    Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the technology will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become more apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following, or may be learned from practice of the technology. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]    Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the present invention, including the preferred embodiment, are described with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various views unless otherwise specified. Illustrative embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings, in which: 
           [0019]      FIG. 1  illustrates a side view of a prior art sterile blender bag with liquid solution for blending with paddles to cause liquid solution to reciprocate in the general directions as shown with arrows; 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  illustrates a top view of a prior art sterile blender bag of  FIG. 1  with liquid solution for blending with paddles to cause liquid solution to reciprocate in the general directions as shown with arrows; 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  illustrates a prior art sterile bag having regions for paddle contact which are very close to one another to agitate fluid and any other contents; 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  illustrates an allograft blender bag provided with an internal screen for retention of allograft material in a location; 
           [0023]      FIG. 4B  illustrates a plan view of an allograft blender bag provided with an internal mesh bag and magnets for retention of allograft material in a location; 
           [0024]      FIG. 4C  a side view of an allograft blender bag provided with an internal mesh bag and magnets for retention of allograft material in a location; 
           [0025]      FIG. 5  illustrates an allograft blender bag may be provided with an inlet port and an outlet port to handle the flow of fluid; 
           [0026]      FIG. 6  illustrates a heat-sealable tab and screen material provided in a blender bag system; 
           [0027]      FIGS. 7 and 8  illustrate a blender machine for selectively applying paddling forces to any one of the blender bags; 
           [0028]      FIG. 9  illustrates an air purge extending through the sidewall of a blender bag; and 
           [0029]      FIGS. 10 and 11  illustrate an array of tissue treatment solutions operatively connected to an inlet port of the blender bag and a computer controller for fluid delivery. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0030]    Embodiments are described more fully below in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the system and method. However, embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense. 
         [0031]    A blender and bag combination device and process is provided such that allograft material can be effectively cleaned (e.g., removal of blood, lipid, and proteins) and disinfected (e.g., removal and killing of bacteria and fungi). This technology can also be utilized to promote microbial removal of microorganisms for sampling and detection purposes. 
         [0032]    Secondary uses of the blender and bag combination include, but are not limited to, demineralization of bone and promotion of chondrocyte viability in joint restoration allografts. 
         [0033]    In an embodiment, a blender device may be used to liberate microbes from allograft material. The blender device may be a Stomacher brand device with modified paddles to prevent homogenization of the allograft material. Traditional Stomacher brand blenders apply paddles to a sterile bag (e.g., the internal surfaces of the bag are sterile) with contents until the contents are blended into a homogenized state. This is an example of a destructive test that differs significantly from the blender device and methods for non-destructively testing, cleaning and disinfecting allograft material. In either a destructive test or a non-destructive test (as described hereinbelow), Microorganisms are generally liberated from the tissue do to the back-and-forth direction of the liquid within the bag (i.e., the turbulent nature of the liquid.) 
         [0034]    In one exemplary embodiment, a rectangular bag receives and retains allograft material within the central portion of the bag using screen material, which may be heat-sealed internally to the bag. The entry point of the allograft into the bag may also be heat sealed to create a closed system. The bag can be filled with solution liquid (e.g., cleaning solution, microbial extraction solution, or other suitable allograft wash solution) using bag ports. This bag system can be placed into an additional mechanical blending system. 
         [0035]    In another exemplary embodiment, a rectangular bag receives and retains allograft material within the central portion of the bag by utilizing a magnetically anchored and smaller mesh bag. In one embodiment, the magnets may attract to a metallic or other magnetically attractive location between the paddles. The entry point of the allograft into the mesh bag may also be heat sealed or cinched to create a closed system. The bag can be filled with solution liquid (e.g., cleaning solution, microbial extraction solution, or other suitable allograft wash solution) using bag ports. This bag system can be placed into an additional mechanical blending system. 
         [0036]    A motorized driven device provides paddles contact the left and right portions of a rectangular-shaped bag. The paddles alternate back and forth at high speed to force the liquid within the bag to move left-to-right and right-to-left through and over the allograft material retained in the center of the bag. This liquid turbulence removes contamination and provides excellent mechanical cleaning of the allograft material. The spent liquid can be ported off, physically removing soil and contamination, and new solutions can be ported into the bag as needed. 
         [0037]    With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , and as disclosed in the prior art, a sterile bag  5  may be provided with liquid solution  10  for blending with paddles  15  to cause liquid solution  10  to reciprocate in the general directions as shown with arrows  20 .  FIG. 1  illustrates a side view of bag  5  and  FIG. 2  illustrates a top view of bag  5 . 
         [0038]    With reference to  FIG. 3 , and as disclosed in the prior art, sterile bag  5  may include regions for paddle contact  25  which are very close to one another to agitate fluid  10  and any other contents. This traditional bag design, with a traditional paddle design of a blender, causes the homogeneous blending as referred to hereinabove. With the paddles positioned next to one another, any soft tissue within the bag  5  will eventually be pummeled. This is true for soft tissue or any tissue. This is an undesirable configuration inasmuch as the allograft material will ultimately be rendered unusable. 
         [0039]    With reference now to  FIG. 4 , and in an embodiment, an allograft bag  30  may be provided with an internal screen  35  for retention of allograft material in a location  40 . This positions the tissues in a central portion of the bag and allows paddles to be separated to flanking portions beyond the position of this central portion to cause turbulent fluid flow while simultaneously avoiding tissue pummeling. This motion of the solution liquid will liberate microorganisms from the graft in the central portion. 
         [0040]    With reference now to  FIG. 4B , and in an embodiment, an allograft bag  30  may be provided with an internal mesh bag  35 -B and magnets  125  for retention of allograft material in a location  40 . This positions the tissues in a central portion of the bag and allows paddles to be separated to flanking portions beyond the position of this central portion to cause turbulent fluid flow while simultaneously avoiding tissue pummeling. This motion of the solution liquid will liberate microorganisms from the graft in the central portion.  FIG. 4C  illustrates a side view of an embodiment of allograft blender bag  30  provided with internal mesh bag  35 -B and magnets  125  for retention of allograft material in a location  40 . 
         [0041]    The internal mesh bag  25 -B contains magnets, either as part of the mesh structure or within the mesh structure, so as to allow the use of a standard bag. The standard bag as the allograft blender bag  30  surrounding the mesh bag  35 -B does not require any heat-sealing material into the center portion (location  40 ) to retain the allograft material. This configuration provides a cost advantage with the ability to utilize off-the-shelf bags as well as allow rapid loading of the allograft into the mesh bag for disposition relative to a location of the metal machine base. 
         [0042]    In an embodiment, the screen material  35  is heated-sealed into the center portion (location  40 ) allowing for the retention of allograft material. This screen is designed to hold the allograft material, not allowing it to drift in the bag  30 , so as to prevent paddle contact, which may crush and destroy the valuable allograft material. Likewise, the screen material  35  will allow the liquid to make contact (through the open pores) with the allograft material when it is forced back and forth via paddle contact with the bag. Multiple ports are integrated into the bag whereby fluid can be added and removed from the bag as needed. 
         [0043]    Allograft bag  30  together with an appropriate blending machine may be used for bioburden assessment. This assessment may occur immediately prior to disinfection procedures to assess bioburden of the allograft material. This assessment may occur immediately after disinfection procedures to assess bioburden of the allograft material. 
         [0044]    Ultrasonic technologies may be combined with the blender depending on the type of graft. The entire system, e.g., bag system and paddle system, may be submerged within an ultrasonic water bath. The mechanical washing from the paddles may become more efficient when in conjunction with ultrasonic cleaning. The temperature of the allograft material within the bag may be controlled though the ultrasonic water bath. 
         [0045]    In an embodiment, a hollowed port system may be provided within the paddles. This port system within the paddle may provide temperature-controlled solution constantly pumped through each of the paddles to maintain a desired temperature or temperature range during a processing embodiment. Long processing times with the paddling unit will most likely generate heat, thus, by porting temperature-controlled solution through the paddles the cooled device may ensure constant temperature exposure (e.g., no increase of heat) to the allograft material. 
         [0046]    In another embodiment, a higher temperature (e.g., 45 degrees C.) may be desired to promote higher level of cleaning and disinfection. In another embodiment, a lower temperature (e.g., 4 degrees C.) may be required to promote cellular viability. The hollowed port system may provide temperature regulation for either, or both, of a higher temperature or a lower temperature. 
         [0047]    In another embodiment, and with reference to  FIG. 5 , an allograft bag  30 A may be provided with an inlet port  45  and an outlet port  50  to handle the flow of fluid  10 . During operation with forces applied by one or more paddles to one or more contact areas  25 , fluid  10  may be circulated through bag  30 A with a graft sealed in location  40 . 
         [0048]    Bag  30 A may be loaded at the beginning of a disinfection procedure and solution liquid may be pumped in while forces are applied by one or more paddles to one or more contact areas  25 . During each step within a disinfection procedure, bag  30 A could be paddled to force the disinfection solution in and around the graft. Because the graft is retained within the bag, disinfection procedures may require very minimal handling of the graft. 
         [0049]    Solution liquids of one or more types may be flushed through bag  30  (e.g., not paddled) to minimize or eliminate any bacteriostatic problems that residual disinfection chemicals may cause for taking post-bioburden samples. 
         [0050]    In one embodiment, and looking at  FIG. 6 , a heat-sealable tab  55  and screen material  60  may be provided in a bag  30 B. Heat-sealable tab  55  and screen material  60  may form the location  40  for retention of allograft material. After placement of the allograft material within bag  30 B, tab  55  may be heat sealed to hold graft material. As discussed above with respect to bag  30 A, inlet port  45  and outlet port  50  may be provided in bag  30 B to handle the flow of fluid  10 . 
         [0051]    With reference now to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , and in an embodiment, a blender machine  65  may be provided for selectively applying paddling forces to any one of bags  30 ,  30 A,  30 B, or  30 C (discussed below.) A motorized portion of blender machine  65  may be configured to appropriately actuate separated paddles  15 A for application of forces to the inserted bag  30 ,  30 A,  30 B, or  30 C. A door component  75 , or other retention mechanism, may be configured to position and maintain bag  30 ,  30 A,  30 B, or  30 C with respect to paddles  15 A. As shown in  FIG. 7 , paddles  15 A are positioned apart from one another to provide a graft retention location  40 , which allows fluid flow with adequate force and prevents the homogeneous blending of the allograft material. Bag  30 ,  30 A,  30 B, or  30 C may be filled to a predetermined volume but should not be overfilled to prevent bursting under paddle pressure. 
         [0052]    In another processing embodiment, an allograft viability promotion process may include processing “fresh grafts” with live cells MEM (culture media)/antibiotic combinations. Fresh cartilage grafts contain chondrocytes that must remain viable for successful transplantation. An alternative use of bag system with the blender system may implement minimal essential media (MEM) incubation of these fresh cartilage grafts. 
         [0053]    Fresh sterile MEM may be ported into the bag system to bathe the graft and promote cellular viability. The paddle system may be programmed such that instead of alternative paddling at high speeds to promote cleaning, a single paddle could be set to apply selective, steady force to create hydrostatic pressure (e.g., 10-100 psi) within the bag. At selective times during the fresh cartilage graft incubation period, these pressures could be applied in short intervals. This pressure would imitate water pressures within in vivo joints, which could promote cellular viability within the cartilage. Media changes may involve brief alternative paddling followed by fresh MEM ported into the bag after old MEM is removed from the bag. 
         [0054]    In one embodiment, and due to the separation of the paddles, reciprocation of the paddles may not be necessary and the paddles may push in tandem forcing liquid from the lateral portions of bag  30 ,  30 A,  30 B, or  30 C to the central portion  40 . In another embodiment, one of the paddles may be configured to extend a greater distance into bag  30 ,  30 A,  30 B, or  30 C than the other paddle. Leaving open inlet port  45  and outlet port  50 , and providing an in-line stream of solution liquid  10  through the bag  30 ,  30 A,  30 B, or  30 C. This can provide a cleaning effect and a recirculating effect (i.e., bringing in fresh solution.) 
         [0055]    Depending on the graft material, more than one specimen could be added to bag  30 ,  30 A,  30 B, or  30 C. Additional separations could be included to either keep fluid within an area of a particular graft or to allow fluid flow to multiple grafts (i.e., graft materials from a single donor.) 
         [0056]    In another embodiment, and referring now to  FIG. 9 , an air purge  80  may extend through the sidewall of a blender bag  30 C. For initial filling of disinfection solution, air purge  80  is necessary to allow air to escape. Air purge  80  may include a filter to prevent contamination to the graft materials or solution fluid  10 . Similar to the other blender bags described hereinabove, side portions for paddle contact areas  25  may be provided by blender bag  30 C. A central area  40  may be configured for retaining a graft away from paddle contact areas  25 . Heat-sealable tab  55  and screen material  60  may form the location  40  for retention of allograft material in blender bag  30 C. Inlet port  45  and outlet port  50  may be included on bag  30 C. 
         [0057]    With reference to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , an array  90  of tissue treatment solutions may be operatively connected to inlet port  45  of bag  30 C (or another appropriate bag) and fluid delivery may be selectively operable by computer controller  95 . Paddling blender machine  65  and associated valves may be computer controlled to maintain set process parameters. Communication conduit  100  and communication conduit  105  may be provided from computer controller  95  to blender machine  65  and tissue treatment solutions array  90 , respectively. These conduits may include wired or wireless communications. A valve system  110  may be operated by computer controller  95  to regulate fluid dispensing by array  90  and may be operatively connected with communication conduit  100  to computer controller  95 . A communication conduit  115  may control an additional valve  120  between array  90  and inlet port  45 . This conduit may include wired or wireless communication. 
         [0058]    One paddle  15 A may be offset with respect to the other paddle  15 A so as to compress solution liquid  10  slightly more than the other paddle. This causes blending and creases a pressure gradient to force solution to a waste location from outlet port  50 . With the valve of outlet port  50  open, and the blender  65  on, solution liquid  10  is blended across allograft tissue material and solution liquid  10  is slowly taken away to a waste location from outlet port  50 . 
         [0059]    With the valve of outlet port  50  closed, and the blender  65  on, solution liquid  10  is blended across allograft tissue material and solution liquid  10  is retained within bag  30   c  instead of taken away to a waste location from outlet port  50 . 
         [0060]    With the valve of outlet port  50  open, and the blender  65  off, solution liquid  10  is solution liquid  10  is run across (i.e., flushes) across allograft tissue material and taken away to a waste location from outlet port  50  at the speed of the pull of gravity. 
         [0061]    In an exemplary embodiment, an allograft cleaning process may include the follow procedure. Upon sealing allograft material into the screened portion of the bag, various detergent, disinfectant, chemical sterilant, and microbial extraction solutions may be pumped into the bag. This solution pumping is either stages, continuous, or a combination of both stages and continuous solution pumping. 
         [0062]    In another exemplary embodiment, an allograft cleaning process may include the following procedure. Upon sealing allograft material into the magnetically located mesh bag, the magnetically located mesh bag is placed inside the larger rectangular bag and positioned in the correct position on the blending machine. Various detergent, disinfectant, chemical sterilant, and microbial extraction solutions may be pumped into the bag. This solution pumping is either stages, continuous, or a combination of both stages and continuous solution pumping. 
         [0063]    A stage scenario may include pumping a certain solution into the bag, executing a timed paddling process, and finally evacuating the bag. This process may be continued with additional solutions. 
         [0064]    A continuous scenario may include pumping solutions into the bag while the paddling process is continuous. The evacuation port would essentially be left open as one or more new solutions are being pumped into the bag system. 
         [0065]    If one paddle is allowed to compress further than the other paddle, it is theorized that this could create an imbalance whereby fresh solution could be drawn into the bag thus creating a scenario in “continuous” mode where solution is likewise forced out the outlet port. This could mean no external pumps would be needed for this scenario. 
         [0066]    A combination scenario may include steps that follow a staged flow and others with a continuous flow. 
         [0067]    An allograft microbial extraction process may include a defined speed and time of the paddles using a microbial extraction solution or sterile water. High extraction efficiency may be achieved using a paddling methodology. The solution taken from the outlet port may be used for microbial detection analysis (e.g., real time PCR, fluorescent laser scanning, traditional microbiological analysis, etc.) 
         [0068]    In another processing embodiment, an allograft demineralization process may be provided in addition to cleaning allograft material. Depending on the solution fluid, e.g., an acid solution, the mechanical washing effect of the bag paddling could also provide efficient bone demineralization. The paddle agitation surrounding the mineralized allograft material may be advantageous as fresh solution is ported into the bag and allowing for “spent” acid solution to be ported away. 
         [0069]    Additionally, all spent solutions ported off from the bag system in may be taken for microbiological analysis to verify in process control of the allograft cleaning process. 
         [0070]    In another embodiment, an allograft final packaging process may be provided using the bag system. One of the advantages of the bag system is containing the tissue in a closed environment. Following a post-processing final tissue assessment, which may involve technician handling and any final debridement, the tissue may be placed into a new sterile bag system and then undergo some final disinfection and rinsing steps. The bag system could be then be minimally modified (e.g., ports sealed, etc.) to become the final packaging for the allograft material. 
         [0071]    Paddling blender  65  and any of bags  30 ,  30 A,  30 B, or  30 C may be sized large enough to disinfect all currently processed graft sizes. 
         [0072]    Paddling Parameters 
         [0073]    To obtain adequate fluid motion within the bag to initiate microorganism release from the tissue graft or the tissue grafts, in an embodiment, the paddling may be between 100-200 paddle compressions a minute for both of the paddles. Using a stomacher machine, 1 rotation provides 2 compressions (i.e., one compression for each paddle per rotation.) This configuration may provide 150 to 600 paddle compressions for a stomacher machine with an operating range of 75-300 RPM. Other operating ranges may provide other amounts of paddle compressions. The shear forces generated within this range will be sufficient to remove microorganism contamination from the tissue grafts(s). 
         [0074]    Ultrasonic Parameters 
         [0075]    If this device is used within an ultrasonic water bath, the unit must be outputting at a frequency of 40-150 kHz at a power setting of 50-300 Watts per gallon. 
         [0076]    Flow Parameters 
         [0077]    This setting can be highly variable depending on the desire addition and removal of solution from the bag. Optimally, a setting of 5 mL per second will suffice. 
         [0078]    Temperature Parameters 
         [0079]    The solution within the bag system may be operated between 4-55 degrees C. depending on the desired temperature setting. Higher temperatures are desired for microorganism kill and lower temperature are desired for allograft cell viability (e.g., chondrocyte, fibroblasts). 
       Example 1 
       [0080]    The following processing example relates to processing a fresh cartilage graft. This is a processing example, thus, types of solutions, steps, and processing times may be changed or modified. 
         [0081]    Tissue may undergo typical debridement and processing steps whereby surrounding unwanted tissue are removed from the cartilage. Any other processing could occur at this stage (e.g., centrifugation). 
         [0082]    Debrided grafts may be placed into the bag system and the bag may be sealed. 
         [0083]    MEM solution may be ported into the bag using a staged processing scenario. The paddles may be maintained at a temperature of 22 degrees C. using flowing solution. For 5 minutes, the paddles are moved at high speed. An exemplary range of high-speed paddle movement is 300 RPM. The solution may be ported off (and may be sampled for microbial contamination.) 
         [0084]    MEM solution containing an antibiotic cocktail may be ported into the bag system. The flow juncture to the paddles may be switched to maintain a temperature of 32 degrees C. For 5 minutes, the paddle will be allowed to move at high speed. The solution may sit unanimated for the following 15 minutes. This may be repeated (5 minute paddling+15 incubation) two more times to make a total MEM antibiotic exposure 1 hour. The solution may be ported off (and may be sampled for microbial contamination). 
         [0085]    MEM solution containing an antibiotic cocktail may be ported into the bag system. The flow juncture to the paddles may be switched to maintain a temperature of 32 degrees C. For 5 minutes, the paddles will be allowed to move at high speed. The solution may sit unanimated for 15 minutes. This may be repeated (5 minute paddling+15 incubation) two more times to make a total MEM antibiotic exposure 1 hour. The solution may be ported off (and may be sampled for microbial contamination). 
         [0086]    MEM solution (no antibiotics) may be ported into the bag system. The flow juncture of the paddles may be switched to maintain a temperature of 22 degrees C. No paddling occurs for a 5-minute exposure. The solution may be ported off (and may be sampled for microbial contamination). 
         [0087]    The bag would be opened to allow for the technician to perform any final debridement and/or “other/outside” of the bag system processing steps with the tissue. The bag will be discarded. 
         [0088]    The graft may be placed into a fresh sterile bag system. MEM solution (no antibiotics) may be ported into the bag system. A two-minute exposure to the high-speed paddles may be followed by the MEM solution ported off into a sterile vessel for microbial contamination assessment. This may be designated as the final/pre-incubation culture. 
         [0089]    MEM solution containing Bacitracin (50 U/mL) and Polymyxin B (500 U/mL) may be ported into bag system. The flow juncture to the paddles may be switched to maintain a temperature of 4 degrees C. AlloPulse may be set to perform incubation processing described in Process Embodiment D. Once an hour, the bag may be gently compressed to achieve a positive hydrostatic pressure within the bag system solution of 25 psi (this hold will last two minutes). The solution may be held in the bag for no more than 48 hours. 
         [0090]    On or before 48 hours (4 degrees C.), the MEM will be ported off (solution can be assayed for contamination—real time analysis) from the bag system and fresh MEM containing Bacitracin/Polymyxin B may be ported into the bag. Once an hour, the bag may be gently compressed to achieve a positive hydrostatic pressure within the bag system of 25 psi (this hold will last two minutes). The solution will be held in the bag for no more than 48 hours. 
         [0091]    A final real-time microbial assessment can be made immediately prior to graft release. 
         [0092]    With the bag system contain the graft and MEM with Bacitracin/Polymyxin B, the bag system may be sealed off and become the final packaging used to distribute the graft. 
       Example 2 
       [0093]    The following processing example is a reflection of above-mentioned embodiments with regard to processing a traditional allograft (e.g., tendon or tricortical wedge). This is merely a processing example, thus types of solutions, steps, and processing times may change. 
         [0094]    Tissue may undergo typical debridement and processing steps whereby surrounding unwanted tissues are removed from the tissue. Shaping and cutting of allograft may be performed. Any other pre-bag system processing could occur at this stage (e.g., centrifugation). It is recommended that a centrifugation step precede the bag system steps. 
         [0095]    Debrided and shaped grafts would be placed into the bag system and the bag may be sealed. 
         [0096]    Bacitracin (50 U/mL)/Polymyxin B (500 U/mL) cocktail solution may be ported into the bag using a staged processing scenario. The paddles may be maintained at a temperature of 37 degrees C. using flowing solution. For 5 minutes, the paddles are moved at high speed. In an exemplary embodiment, the range of high-speed paddle movement may be 300 RPM. The solution may sit unanimated for 15 minutes. This may be repeated (5 minute paddling+15 minute incubation) two more times to make total Bacitracin/Polymyxin B cocktail exposure 1 hour. The solution may be ported off (and may be sampled for microbial contamination.) This step may be repeated if necessary. 
         [0097]    3% Hydrogen Peroxide solution may be ported into the bag using a staged processing scenario. The paddles may be maintained at a temperature of 45 degrees C. using flowing solution. For 5 minutes, the paddles operated at high speed. The solution may sit unanimated for 15 minutes. This may be repeated (5 minute paddling+15 incubation) two more times to make total 3% H 2 O 2  cocktail exposure for 1 hour. In an embodiment, a one-way check valve may be provided through the bag for outgassing. An additional tube may be attached to inlet port  45  and may be positioned above the bag to allow only gas to vent from the bag. The solution may be ported off (and could be sampled for microbial contamination.) This step may be repeated if necessary. 
         [0098]    The bag may be opened to allow for the technician to perform any final debridement and/or “other/outside” processing steps with the tissue. The bag may be discarded. 
         [0099]    The graft may be place into a fresh sterile bag system. Sterile water may be ported into the bag system. For 5 minutes, the paddles are operated at high speed. The solution may sit unanimated for 15 minutes followed by 5-minute high-speed paddle step. The solution may be ported off (and could be sampled for microbial contamination). This step may be repeated if necessary. 
         [0100]    Sterile water may be ported into the bag system. A two-minute exposure to the high-speed paddles may be followed by the water ported off into a sterile vessel for microbial contamination assessment. This may be designated as the final culture. 
         [0101]    The bag system containing the graft may be sealed off, frozen down, and become the final packaging used to distribute the graft. 
       Example 3 
       [0102]    The following processing example is a reflection of above-mentioned embodiments with regard to demineralizing bone. This is merely a processing example, thus, types of solutions, steps, and processing times may change. 
         [0103]    Milled tissues to particular specifications (e.g., particle range) may be added into the bag system and the bag may be sealed. The pore size within the screened material within the center of the bag may need to be of sufficient size not to let said particle range escape from the center portion of the bag. 
         [0104]    0.5 N Hydrochloric Acid would be ported into the bag using a staged processing scenario. The paddles would be maintained at a temperature of 22 degrees C. using flowing solution. For 5 minutes, the paddles may operated at high speed. The solution may sit unanimated for 15 minutes followed by a 5-minute high-speed paddle step. The solution may be ported off (and may be sampled for residual calcium), This step may be repeated as necessary. 
         [0105]    Sterile Water may be ported into the bag using a staged processing scenario. The paddles may be maintained at a temperature of 22 degrees C. using flowing solution. For 5 minutes, the paddles will be operated at high speed. The solution may sit unanimated for 15 minutes followed by a 5-minute high-speed paddle step. The solution may be ported off (and may be sampled for residual calcium.) This step may be repeated as necessary. 
         [0106]    Sodium Phosphate Buffer Solution may be ported into the bag using a staged processing scenario. The paddles may be maintained at a temperature of 22 degrees C. using flowing solution. For 5 minutes, the paddles may be operated at high speed. The solution may sit unanimated for 15 minutes followed by a 5-minute high-speed paddle step. The solution may be ported off (and may be sampled for residual calcium). This step could be repeated as necessary. 
         [0107]    Sterile Water may be ported into the bag using a staged processing scenario. The paddles may be maintained at a temperature of 22 degrees C. using flowing solution. For 5 minutes, the paddles may be operated at high speed. The solution would sit unanimated for 15 minutes followed by a 5-minute high-speed paddle step. The solution would be ported off (and could be sampled for residual calcium). This step could be repeated as necessary. 
         [0108]    Since demineralization products are usually freeze-dried, the tissue would be removed from the bag system for freeze-drying process or processes. The freeze-drying process is not a part of the bag system/blender system technology. 
       Example 4 
       [0109]    The following processing example is a reflection of above-mentioned embodiments with regard to tissue cleaning and decontaminating. This is merely a processing example, thus, types of solutions, steps, and processing times may change. 
         [0110]    Debrided grafts may be placed into the magnetically located mesh bag, which is then placed inside the lager rectangular blender bag. The blender bag is then placed into the blending machine and the inner mesh bag is magnetically located onto the center of the machine. 
         [0111]    Tissue may undergo typical debridement and processing steps whereby surrounding unwanted tissues are removed from the tissue. Shaping and cutting of allograft may be performed. Any other pre-bag system processing could occur at this stage (e.g., centrifugation). In an embodiment, a centrifugation step may precede the bag system steps. 
         [0112]    0.5 N Hydrochloric Acid may be ported into the bag using a staged processing scenario. For 10 minutes, the paddles may operate at high speed (100 RPM). The solution may sit unanimated for 5 minutes followed by a 10-minute high-speed paddle step. The solution may be ported off (and may be sampled for residual calcium). This step may be repeated as necessary. 
         [0113]    Sterile water may be ported into the bag using a staged processing scenario. For 5 minutes, the paddles will be operated at high speed. The solution may sit unanimated for 10 minutes followed by a 5-minute high-speed paddle step. The solution may be ported off (and may be sampled for residual calcium.) This step may be repeated as necessary. 
         [0114]    Since demineralization products are usually freeze dried, the tissue would be removed from the bag system for freeze-drying process or processes. The freeze-drying process is not a part of the bag system/blender system technology. 
         [0115]    Although the above embodiments have been described in language that is specific to certain structures, elements, compositions, and methodological steps, it is to be understood that the technology defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific structures, elements, compositions and/or steps described. Rather, the specific aspects and steps are described as forms of implementing the claimed technology. Since many embodiments of the technology can be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.