Abstract:
An outer hard-shell casing for a protection device that has airspace between the outer shell and inner shell or surface. This outer shell is designed to generate a shock wave during an impact to the casing. The generated shock wave then reflects off of the inner surface or shell. The reflected shock wave then dissipates along the air channel and out of the exit vents before it can be absorbed into the inner hard shell of the base or other protection device.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/304,070, filed 2010 Feb. 12 by the present inventor. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Prior Art 
       [0002]    The following is a tabulation of some of the prior art that presently appears relevant: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 U.S. Patents 
               
             
          
           
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 
                 Kind Code 
                 Issue Date 
                 Patentee 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 7,685,922 
                 B1 
                 2010 Mar. 30 
                 Martin 
               
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 7,341,776 
                 B1 
                 2008 Mar. 11 
                 Milliren 
               
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 5,349,893 
                 none 
                 1994 Sep. 27 
                 Dunn 
               
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 3,660,951 
                 none 
                 1972 May 
                 Cadwell 
               
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 4,404,889 
                 none 
                 1983 Sep. 20 
                 Miguel 
               
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 7,254,843 
                 B2 
                 2007 Aug. 14 
                 Talluri 
               
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 5,992,104 
                 none 
                 1999 Nov. 30 
                 Hudak 
               
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,807 
                 none 
                 1993 Jun. 22 
                 Vives 
               
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 6,658,671 
                 B1 
                 2003 Dec. 09 
                 Von Holst 
               
               
                 U.S. Pat. No. 6,804,829 
                 B2 
                 2004 Oct. 19 
                 Crye 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 U.S. patent application Publications 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Publication Nr. 
                 Kind Code 
                 Publ. Date 
                 Applicant 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 US20100236393 
                 A1 
                 2010 Sep. 23 
                 Martin 
               
               
                 US20090260133 
                 A1 
                 2009 Oct. 22 
                 Del Rosario 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Foreign Patent Documents 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Publication Nr. 
                 Cntry Code 
                 Kind Code 
                 Pub. Dt 
                 App or Patentee 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 WO2009094271 
                 US 
                 A1 
                 2009 Jul. 30 
                 Joynt 
               
               
                 WO2008153613 
                 US 
                 A2 
                 2008 Dec. 18 
                 Joynt 
               
               
                 EP0452463 
                 GB 
                 B1 
                 1997 September 
                 Raymond 
               
               
                 WO1919005489 
                 AU 
                 A1 
                 1991 May 2 
                 Chapman 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Nonpatent Literature Documents 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 http://www.onr.navy.mil/en/Science-Technology/Directorates/office-research-discovery- 
               
               
                 invention/Sponsored-Research/BRC/Elastomeric-Polymer-09.aspx 
               
               
                 http://dvice.com/archives/2010/03/hurt-locker-sui.php 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0003]    From the dawn of civilization people have had a tendency to get into situations where they receive physical blows. These physical blows come from many surprising sources. They can come from another person, animals, falling debris, a projectile or even the ground. To combat these blows humans have come up with many different devices from ancient shields to modern day composite armor. These devices were built to defeat the physical damage of the impact but often times there was another problem. In reality there are two forces at work when something receives a blow: the physical impact of the object striking a protection device and the shock wave that is a direct result of said impact. 
         [0004]    Previously impact absorbing devices were designed to block a physical blow and then absorb the shock wave that resulted from the impact of said blow. The devices are designed to manage the shock wave use materials or methods that slow the wave down or trap the wave so that it no longer damages the target. Often the problem is that the shock wave is so overpowering that it still damages the protected item. The only way to prevent the damage is to add more padding in between the rigid structure and the protected item. This method becomes impractical because by adding more padding and more shielding the protection system eventually becomes to large to effectively use. 
         [0005]    There is no device that changes the shock wave traveling from solid matter to gas then reflecting it off of another piece of solid matter for the purpose of shifting it away and out into air from the system. This change, redirection and dissipation through exiting the structure is the most effective way to defeat a shock wave. 
         [0006]    The closest patents to this one is WO2009094271 and WO2008153613. They are layered device that is designed to defeat projectiles by using spaced layers made of various grades of specific metals and thicknesses along with shock wave reflection principles to defeat said projectiles. The element to this system is that the outer layer gets defeated by the impact of the projectile. This turns the system into a one use weapon. After being struck, the system has to be rebuilt. The WO2009094271 air pocket layers are enclosed ensuring that the shock wave generated by the projectile impact reflects back into the round causing spalding. This reflection helps to break up the projectile. This enclosed space re compresses the wave back into the system thereby transferring it to anything that is touching the system and possibly damaging it. 
         [0007]    There are other armored systems that manage shock waves. Many of these systems also use methods like the insertion of ceramics into metals to shape the way the waves move through the metal. There are other designs that use cavities to trap incoming shock waves but these designs still have to contend with the transference of said shock wave to the protected entity because they did not release the wave somewhere else. When the protected entity is susceptible to the residual shock wave left over during the trapping these designs fail. 
         [0008]    This brings us to helmets. The designs that try to trap the shock wave fail at higher impact velocities. They involve using compressed air which has proven to be impractical over time because it has to be monitored and refilled. Inventive minds then turned themselves to the ides of mechanically canceling the wave out by bouncing it around in an enclosed space thereby running the wave back into itself. While it looked great on paper, it was not fundamentally sound for several reasons. The end result was that these systems were not any more effective than the old method of shield over padding. 
         [0009]    Other designs have tried many different shapes, sizes and mechanical means to protect the user. Many of these designs were actually more harmful to the user than they helped. A good example of this is U.S. Pat. No. 7,089,602. The size and weight of this helmet would have to be so large that it would be impractical to use in any situation due to the forces exerted on the neck during use and impact. The reason this is crucial to mention is because the helmet multiplies the load forces on the neck. The bigger the helmet the bigger the load on the neck and therefore more likely for there to be an injury. 
         [0010]    Bullet proof vests use heavy padding behind bullet resistant material to protect humans. The problem is that these vest are very heavy and often lead to user exhaustion. Also the impact from the bullet sends a shock wave through the body that causes substantial injury. The shock wave from the impact of a bullet is usually to big for padding to absorb. 
         [0011]    Shipping containers have suffered from the same thinking as the other applications because putting padding around a breakable item has worked so well for so long. The problem is that items still break from time to time. There are systems that include a box within a box that have spacers in them to keep the two boxes separated. They don&#39;t let the shock wave escape the container and therefore items break during a high impact. 
         [0012]    The old protection systems suffer from a number of disadvantages: 
         [0013]    (a). They trap the shock wave. No matter what they do the shock wave is never released out into the open air away from the protected entity. If the shock wave is trapped it will compress into the surrounding structure no matter what the shape is. This physical fact renders all of the other design that trap the shock wave inadequate for protection over a broad range of impacts. 
         [0014]    (b). They also add so many layers of shielding and padding or conceived items that they become overloaded. They become too big to be of any practical value for use in the field. 
         [0015]    (c). Some units surround the user with a protective system and let the shock wave pass through the physical structure of the unit and onto another part of the body or protected item. These are to big and impractical to use in the field. 
         [0016]    (d). The compressibility of shock absorbing materials is another major problem. Designs often combine a hard shield with a soft shock absorbing substance. In theory, this soft substance diffuses the wave because it is less dense than the shield. This lessens the impact of the wave. The reality is different however. The problem with this design is that the soft substance compresses at the point of impact between the protected item and impacting object. When it compresses due to impact this makes the substance much more dense. While under compression, it is much easier for the shock wave to pass through to the protected entity. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0017]    In accordance with one embodiment, the protection system comprises two layers of rigid material with an open air space in between that is open to the surrounding atmosphere. 
       Advantages 
       [0018]    To provide a system that dramatically reduces the amount of damaging shock waves that enter a target area. 
     
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       Figures 
         [0019]      FIG. 1  shows the layout of system. 
           [0020]      FIG. 1A to 1C  show the various stages of impact. 
           [0021]      FIG. 2  shows the front of the bullet-proof jacket. 
           [0022]      FIGS. 3 and 3  A shows the panels of the bullet-proof jacket in the pre impact and post impact modes. 
           [0023]      FIG. 4  is left side view with the inner helmet below the outer shield. 
           [0024]      FIG. 5  is the front view with the inner helmet below the outer shield. 
           [0025]      FIG. 6  is the isometric view with the inner helmet below 
           [0026]      FIG. 7  is the joint protector 
           [0027]      FIG. 8  is the shoulder pads 
           [0028]      FIG. 9  is the shipping system 
       
    
    
     REFERENCE NUMBERS 
       [0000]    
       
         
           
               10 —Shock wave generator  40 —openings 
               11 —projectile stopping material  50 —shock wave reflector 
               20 —holder  60 —protected item 
               21 —strap  70 —impact object 
               30 —spacer  71 —Shock wave 
               31 —air gap 
           
         
       
     
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0035]    Although specific terms are used in the following description for the sake of clarity, these terms are intended to refer only to the particular structure of the invention selected for illustration in the drawings, and are not intended to define or limit the scope of the invention. 
         [0036]    Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. 
         [0037]    Referring now to the drawings, as illustrated in  FIG. 1  two layers of hard material separated by spacers with an air gap that is open around the sides to the atmosphere. The outer layer  10  is the shock wave generating layer, layers or system. They can be made of any substance that defeats an impact. In this outer layer there may be an opening or openings  40  that help the shock wave to exit. Downstream from the impact is the open air space  31  this is where the shock wave makes a medium change form a solid to a gas. Inside this airspace are the spacers  30 . They can be of any size, made of any material or of any mechanical device for a means deemed appropriate to keep the distance between the two layers correct, keep the two layers from touching each other during impact and they may help perform a dampening effect from shock waves. 
         [0038]    The inner layer  50  is the reflective layer. This can also be made of any material and be of any size. The two layers and the spacers can be held together by various means as long as the space in between is not obstructed to the outside atmosphere. The layers can be attached to the spacers  30  or they can be held together by various fasteners, straps, clamps, etc. 
         [0039]    The function of the device upon impact is shown in  FIGS. 1A ,  1 B and  1 C.  FIG. 1A  shows a projectile impacting the outer layer  10 . The layer defeats said projectile and a shock wave forms. In  FIG. 1B  the projectile continues moving the outer layer  10  toward the inner layer  50 . The spacers  30  keep the two layers from touching and the shock wave reaches the inner layer  50 . in  FIG. 1C  the projectile moves away from the outer layer  10 . The shock wave reflects off of the inner layer  50 . The wave then travels through the air gap  31  and out into the open atmosphere through the sides and or openings  40 . 
         [0040]    Additional embodiments are shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 . This configuration is a bullet resistant vest. In this case the vent holes are impractical as they could let a bullet through so there are none. The way the air is vented out of the system is that the outer layer  10  consists now of small free floating sections of armor that over lap each other. The pieces of bullet resistant armor are covered with bullet resistant fabric  11 . These are strapped  21  onto the spacers  30 . The straps  21  are then attached down to each plate  10 . The spacers  30  are attached to the inner layer  50 . This system is then used to protect an entity  60 . 
       Operation 
       [0041]    When the outer layer  10  is struck a massive shock wave is formed. The wave reflects off of the inner layer  50 . Since the top part of each plate  10  is held on the spacers  30  by a strap  21 , the force of the wave only pushes the bottom part floating sections  10  open to let the shock wave exit the vest. The outer layers then use gravity to close because there is no shock wave force to keep them open. 
         [0042]    Additional embodiments are shown in  FIGS. 4 ,  5 , and  6 . This is a protector for a helmet. The outer layer  10  is the helmet cover and the inner layer  50  is the helmet itself. The spacers  30  are attached to the inside of the outer layer  10 . It also has the openings  40  for the shock wave to exit. This embodiment has the clamps  20  that allow the shield to be taken off whenever necessary. In  FIG. 6  shows the opening on the bottom and between the outer and inner layers. 
       Operation 
       [0043]    This embodiment relies on the openings  40  and the opening at the bottom of the two layers for maximum shock wave dispersal. When the outer layer  10  is impacted and defeated a shock wave forms. The spacers  30  compress but don&#39;t let the two layers touch. The shock wave then bounces off of the inner layer  50  and moves along the air space  30  in the middle of the two layers. The shock wave then exits through all of the openings  40  and harmlessly into the surrounding atmosphere. 
         [0044]    Another additional embodiment is shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 . These two embodiments show the floating plate system use in joint protectors and shoulder pads. Here the outer layers  10  are a series of plates that float over the inner layers  50 . They are attached to the spacers  30  and have no sides so they are open to the atmosphere. 
       Operation 
       [0045]    In this embodiment the holes are now redundant because when the outer layer  10  plates are impacted only the spacers  30  of the impacted sections are compressed. The reflected shock wave can now exit the openings between the plates as well as out of the side. 
         [0046]    Additional embodiment for the safe transportation of items is shown in  FIG. 9 . The outer layer  10  is a box structure as is the inner layer  50 . The spacers  30  hold the inner box  50  from all directions inside the outer box  10 . Since there are no sides for the shock wave to exit the openings  40  must be large. The box is therefore a series of strong bands naturally making the openings  40  square shaped. 
       Operation 
       [0047]    In this embodiment a part of the box is impacted or the container carrying it is impacted. The shock wave travels through the outer layer  10  and is transformed into a gas in the air gap  31 . The spacers  30  compress very little. The shock wave then reflects off of the inner layer  50  and out the openings of the box  40 . 
       Advantages 
       [0048]    From the description above, a number of advantages of some embodiments of my shock wave generation, reflection and dissipation device. 
         [0049]    (a) There is a significant reduction of the intensity of a shock wave that reaches the protected entity. 
         [0050]    (b) The systems will usually be lighter than other systems that do the same job. 
         [0051]    (c) The outer layer has the ability to move thus defecting some of the incoming energy. 
       CONCLUSION, RAMIFICATIONS, AND SCOPE 
       [0052]    Accordingly the reader will see that, according to bullet proof vest embodiment of the invention, I have provided a much more efficient way to handle the damaging causing waves caused by the defeat of a bullet hitting a target. The system is lighter than the padding used so it does not tire the user out with too much weight. The system is cooler than the other methods because it allows free air flow thus allowing heat to escape easier. The helmet embodiment brings many of the same benefits as the vest to helmets while adding added neck protection and vision enhancement. 
         [0053]    While the above description contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any embodiment, but as exemplification of various embodiments thereof, Many other ramifications and variations are possible within the teachings of the various embodiments. For example, the system can have odd shapes to accommodate the protection different sized items; the system can be modified to protect passengers on vehicles; the size and shape of the vent holes will be different for different applications, etc. 
         [0054]    Thus the scope of the embodiments should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given. 
       GLOSSARY 
       [0055]    Shock wave—for purposes of ease of reading this term used for this patent will encompass many different types of wave forms, like pressure waves or P-waves. For the purposes of this patent will only be related to the general term that includes those types wave forms so the patent does not turn into a long explanation of wave forms. Using the generic term of shock wave will also help with the classification, future searching and understanding of the invention. This will also not limit the inventions scope.