Abstract:
A semiconductor package includes a substrate, a stiffener ring coupled to the substrate and configured to form a well with the substrate, and a die positioned in the well. A thermal interface is positioned on the die. A heat spreader is coupled to the stiffener ring so that a portion of the heat spreader is positioned in the well and the thermal interface thermally couples the heat spreader to the die. The portion of the heat spreader positioned in the well adds rigidity to the semiconductor package and facilitates the use of thin dies.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    1. Technical Field 
         [0002]    This disclosure relates to semiconductor packages and more particularly to semiconductor packages with heat spreaders. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0004]    Semiconductor packages, such as flip-chip ball grid array (BGA) packages, may include stiffener elements to strengthen the package and heat spreaders to provide thermal protection. A typical semiconductor package  100  and a method for assembling the package are illustrated in  FIGS. 1-6 . As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a semiconductor package  100  has a substrate  102 , such as an organic substrate, for example, a printed circuit board, and a die  104  coupled to the substrate  102 . The die  104  may be coupled to the substrate  102  using, for example, an under fill adhesive  106 .  FIG. 1  is a side cross-sectional view of the die  104  mounted on the substrate  102  and  FIG. 2  is a top view of the package  100  of  FIG. 1 . 
         [0005]    As shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , a stiffener ring  108  is then coupled to the substrate  102  surrounding the die  104 . An adhesive layer  110  may be used, for example, to mount the stiffener ring  108  to the substrate  102 .  FIG. 3  is a side cross-sectional view of the package  100  with the die  104  and stiffener ring  108  mounted on the substrate  102 , and  FIG. 4  is a top view of the package  100  of  FIG. 3 . 
         [0006]    As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , a heat spreader  112  is then coupled to the die  104  and the stiffener ring  108 . One or more adhesive layers  114  may be used, for example, to mount the heat spreader  112  to the stiffener ring  108 . A thermal interface material  116  may be inserted between the die  102  and the heat spreader  112 .  FIG. 5  is a side cross-sectional view of the package  100  with the heat spreader  112  mounted on the stiffener ring  108 , and  FIG. 6  is a top view of the package  100  of  FIG. 5 . Of course, the order in which the substrate  102 , die  104 , stiffener ring  108  and heat spreader  112  are coupled to each other may be modified. Typically, however, the order is as shown in  FIGS. 1 to 6 . 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0007]    In an embodiment, a semiconductor package includes a substrate, a stiffener ring coupled to the substrate and configured to form a well with the substrate, and a die positioned in the well. A thermal interface is positioned on the die. A heat spreader is coupled to the stiffener ring so that a portion of the heat spreader is positioned in the well and the thermal interface thermally couples the heat spreader to the die. The portion of the heat spreader positioned in the well adds rigidity to the semiconductor package and facilitates the use of thin dies. A portion of the heat spreader acts as a lid for the semiconductor package. 
         [0008]    In an embodiment, a semiconductor package comprises: a substrate having a first surface; a stiffener having a bottom and an inner surface, wherein the bottom of the stiffener is coupled to the first surface of the substrate and the inner surface of the stiffener and the first surface of the substrate are configured to form a well; a semiconductor die positioned in the well and coupled to the first surface of the substrate; and a heat spreader coupled to the stiffener and at least partially positioned in the well. In an embodiment, the stiffener comprises a rectilinear ring. In an embodiment, the heat spreader comprises: a top portion coupled to the stiffener; and a bottom portion extending from the top portion of the heat spreader into the well. In an embodiment, the top portion of the heat spreader is substantially slab-shaped. In an embodiment, the bottom portion of the heat spreader comprises a substantially slab-shaped region having a perimeter smaller than a perimeter of the top portion of the heat spreader. In an embodiment, the package further comprises a thermal interface thermally coupling the die to the bottom portion of the heat spreader. In an embodiment, the bottom portion of the heat spreader further comprises a rectilinear ring extending from the slab-shaped region of the bottom portion of the heat spreader. In an embodiment, the rectilinear ring of the bottom portion of the heat spreader is coupled to the first surface of the substrate. In an embodiment, the bottom portion of the heat spreader further comprises a plurality of legs extending from the top portion of the heat spreader into the well. In an embodiment, the plurality of legs are coupled to the first surface of the substrate. In an embodiment, the bottom portion of the heat spreader is coupled to the inner surface of the stiffener. In an embodiment, the die is thinner than the stiffener. In an embodiment, the heat spreader comprises a single piece of thermally conductive material. In an embodiment, the heat spreader comprises one or more metallic pieces. In an embodiment, the heat spreader comprises one or more ceramic pieces. In an embodiment, the heat spreader is formed from a plurality of pieces of thermally conductive material. In an embodiment, the plurality of pieces comprises a first piece formed from a first thermally conductive material and second piece formed from a second thermally conductive material. 
         [0009]    In an embodiment, a system comprises: a semiconductor package, including: a substrate having a first surface; a stiffener having a bottom and an inner surface, wherein the bottom of the stiffener is coupled to the first surface of the substrate and the inner surface of the stiffener and the first surface of the substrate are configured to form a well; a semiconductor die positioned in the well and coupled to the first surface of the substrate; a heat spreader coupled to the stiffener and at least partially positioned in the well; and a thermal interface thermally coupling the die to the bottom portion of the heat spreader; and a circuit board communicatively coupled to the semiconductor package. In an embodiment, the stiffener comprises a rectilinear ring. In an embodiment, the heat spreader comprises: a top portion coupled to the stiffener; and a bottom portion extending from the top portion of the heat spreader into the well. In an embodiment, the top portion of the heat spreader is substantially slab-shaped. In an embodiment, the bottom portion of the heat spreader comprises a substantially slab-shaped region having a perimeter smaller than a perimeter of the top portion of the heat spreader. In an embodiment, the bottom portion of the heat spreader further comprises a rectilinear ring extending from the slab-shaped region of the bottom portion of the heat spreader. In an embodiment, the bottom portion of the heat spreader further comprises a plurality of legs extending from the top portion of the heat spreader into the well. In an embodiment, the bottom portion of the heat spreader is coupled to the inner surface of the stiffener. In an embodiment, the die is thinner than the stiffener. In an embodiment, the heat spreader is formed from a plurality of pieces of thermally conductive material. 
         [0010]    In an embodiment, a method comprises: coupling a die to a substrate; coupling a stiffener to the substrate wherein the die is positioned in a well formed by the substrate and the stiffener; positioning a thermal interface with respect to the die; and coupling a heat spreader to the stiffener, wherein at least a portion of the heat spreader is positioned in the well and the thermal interface is positioned to thermally couple the die to the heat spreader. In an embodiment, the stiffener comprises a rectilinear ring. In an embodiment, coupling the heat spreader to the stiffener comprises adhering a top portion of the heat spreader to a top of stiffener, and a bottom portion of the heat spreader extends from the top portion of the heat spreader into the well. In an embodiment, the top portion of the heat spreader is substantially slab-shaped. In an embodiment, the bottom portion of the heat spreader comprises a substantially slab-shaped region having a perimeter smaller than a perimeter of the top portion of the heat spreader. In an embodiment, the bottom portion of the heat spreader further comprises a rectilinear ring extending from the slab-shaped region of the bottom portion of the heat spreader. In an embodiment, the bottom portion of the heat spreader further comprises a plurality of legs extending from the top portion of the heat spreader into the well. In an embodiment, coupling the heat spreader to the stiffener further comprises coupling the bottom portion of the heat spreader to an inner surface of the stiffener. In an embodiment, the die is thinner than the stiffener. In an embodiment, the method further comprises forming the heat spreader from a plurality of pieces of thermally conductive material. 
         [0011]    In an embodiment, a semiconductor package comprises: a substrate; means for processing signals; means for coupling the means for processing signals to the substrate; means for stiffening the semiconductor package coupled to the substrate, wherein the means for processing signals is positioned in a well formed by the substrate and the means for stiffening; means for spreading heat; means for coupling the means for spreading heat to the means for stiffening, wherein at least a portion of the means for spreading heat is positioned inside the well; and means for thermally coupling the means for spreading heat to the means for processing signals. In an embodiment, the means for processing signals comprises a die; the means for coupling the means for processing signals to the substrate comprises an adhesive layer; the means for stiffening comprises a rectilinear ring; and the means for coupling the means for spreading heat to the means for stiffening comprises an adhesive layer. In an embodiment, the means for spreading heat comprises: a slab-shaped top portion configured to couple to a top of the means for stiffening; and a bottom portion configured to extend from the top portion of the means for spreading heat into the well. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0012]      FIGS. 1 to 6  illustrate a conventional semiconductor integrated circuit package and a process of assembling a conventional semiconductor integrated circuit package. 
           [0013]      FIG. 7  illustrates an embodiment of a heat spreader. 
           [0014]      FIG. 8  is a bottom view of the embodiment of a heat spreader of  FIG. 7 . 
           [0015]      FIG. 9  illustrates an embodiment of a semiconductor package. 
           [0016]      FIG. 10  illustrates an embodiment of a heat spreader. 
           [0017]      FIG. 11  is a bottom view of the embodiment of a heat spreader of  FIG. 10 . 
           [0018]      FIG. 12  illustrates an embodiment of a semiconductor package. 
           [0019]      FIG. 13  illustrates an embodiment of a heat spreader. 
           [0020]      FIG. 14  illustrates an embodiment of a heat spreader. 
           [0021]      FIG. 15  illustrates an embodiment of a heat spreader. 
           [0022]      FIG. 16  illustrates an embodiment of a semiconductor package. 
           [0023]      FIG. 17  illustrates an embodiment of a semiconductor package. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0024]    In the following description, certain details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of devices, methods and articles. However, one of skill in the art will understand that other embodiments may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known structures and methods associated with, for example, bonding pads and wire bonding of packaged integrated circuits and traces of printed circuit boards, have not been shown or described in detail in some figures to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments. 
         [0025]    Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as “comprising,” and “comprises,” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, as “including, but not limited to.” 
         [0026]    Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment,” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment, or to all embodiments. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments to obtain further embodiments. 
         [0027]    The headings are provided for convenience only, and do not interpret the scope or meaning of this disclosure or the claimed invention. 
         [0028]    The sizes and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes of various elements and angles are not drawn to scale, and some of these elements are arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to improve drawing legibility. Further, the particular shapes of the elements as drawn are not necessarily intended to convey any information regarding the actual shape of particular elements, and have been selected solely for ease of recognition in the drawings. 
         [0029]      FIG. 7  is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a heat spreader  712 .  FIG. 8  is a bottom view of the heat spreader  712  of  FIG. 7 . The heat spreader  712  has a thicker region. As illustrated, the heat spreader  712  has a first portion  720  labeled A and a second portion  722  labeled A′. The first portion A  720  of the heat spreader  712  has a generally planar surface  726 , and the second portion A′  722  of the heat spreader  712  protrudes from the generally planar surface  726  of the first portion A  720  of the heat spreader  712 . The second portion A′  722  has a smaller perimeter than a perimeter of the first portion A  720  of the heat spreader  712 . In  FIG. 7 , a plane  724  between the first portion A  720  and the second portion A′  722  of the heat spreader  712  is shown by a dashed line  724 . The heat spreader  712  may be formed from a single piece of material, may be formed from two or more pieces of the same material, or may be formed from two or more pieces of different materials. For example, metallic or ceramic or combinations of metallic and ceramic materials may be used for the heat spreader  712 . For example, copper and copper alloys may be used. Pieces of the heat spreader  712  may be, for example, welded together or adhered together with adhesive. As illustrated, the first portion  720  of the heat spreader  712  is a rectilinear slab and the second portion  722  of the heat spreader  712  is a rectilinear slab. Other shapes may be employed. 
         [0030]      FIG. 9  is a side cross-sectional view a system  100  including an embodiment of a semiconductor package  900  employing the embodiment of a heat spreader  712  shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 . A first surface  950  of a die  904  is adhered to a first surface  942  of a substrate  902  using an adhesive in fill layer  906 . A first surface  946  of a stiffener  908  is adhered to the first surface  942  of the substrate  902  using an adhesive layer  910 . The stiffener  908  has a thickness T s    944  and a second surface  948 . As illustrated, the stiffener  908  is a rectilinear ring. Other shapes may be employed. The substrate  902  and the stiffener  908  substantially define a cavity or well  926 , and the die is positioned inside the well  926 . A second surface  952  of the die  904  is between a plane defined by the first surface  942  of the substrate  902  and a plane defined by the second surface  948  of the stiffener  908 . The die  904  may have a thickness T D    956  less than the thickness T S    944  of the stiffener  908 . A thermal interface material (TIM)  928  is placed on the die  904 . The thermal interface  928  may be flexible to facilitate movement of the die  904  with respect to the heat spreader  712  in response to environmental stresses, such as flexing of the substrate  902 . The first portion  712  of the heat spreader  712  is adhered to the stiffener  908  using an adhesive layer  914  and as illustrated is positioned above the well  926 . The second portion  722  of the heat spreader  712  extends into the well  926  and is coupled to the thermal interface material  928 . A portion of the heat spreader  712  extends below the plane defined by the second surface  948  of the stiffener  908 . The package  900  also comprises passive devices  930  in the cavity, solder bumps  932  between the die  904  and the substrate  902 . The system  100  comprises solder balls  934  on the bottom of the substrate  902  coupled to a circuit board  980 , such as a printed circuit board. The solder balls  934  communicatively couple the semiconductor package  900  to the printed circuit board  980 . 
         [0031]      FIG. 10  is a front cross-section view of an embodiment of a heat spreader  1000 , suitable for use, for example, in the embodiment of a package  900  of  FIG. 9  or the embodiment of a package  1200  of  FIG. 12 .  FIG. 11  is a bottom view of the heat spreader  1000  of  FIG. 10 . The heat spreader  1000  has a varying thickness. A shoulder region  1002  has a first thickness T SH    1004 . A center region  1006  has a second thickness T CEN    1008 , greater than the first thickness T SH    1004 . An intermediate region  1010  has a third thickness T IN    1012  greater than the second thickness T CEN    1008 . For purposes of illustration, the shoulder region  1002 , the center region  1006  and the intermediate region  1010  as shown in  FIG. 10  are separated by dotted lines. The heat spreader  1000  may be formed from a single piece of material or from a plurality of pieces and materials. For example, a top portion  1014  may be formed from a first piece of material and a second portion  1016  may be formed from a second piece of material. For purposes of illustration, the top portion  1014  and the bottom portion as shown in  FIG. 10  are separated by a dashed-dotted line. 
         [0032]      FIG. 12  illustrates an embodiment of a package  1200  employing the embodiment of a heat spreader  1000  of  FIGS. 10 and 11 . Some features that may commonly be present in a package are omitted from  FIG. 12  for ease of illustration. The package  1200  comprises a substrate  1202 , a die  1204  mounted on the substrate  1202  with an adhesive  1206 , a bottom  1207  of a stiffener  1208  mounted on the substrate  1202  with an adhesive  1210 , and the heat spreader  1000  adhered to a top  1209  of the stiffener  1208  with an adhesive  1214 . A thermal interface material  1228  is positioned between a top  1252  of the die  1204  and a bottom  1260  of the center region  1006  of the heat spreader  1000 . An intermediate region  1010  of the heat spreader  1000  extends below the top  1252  of the die  1204  toward the substrate  1202 , surrounding sides of the die  1204 . Optionally, the intermediate region  1010  of the heat spreader  1000  may be coupled to the substrate  1202 . For example, an adhesive layer  1266  (shown on one side) may be used to couple the intermediate region  1010  of the heat spreader  1000  to the substrate  1202 . Optionally, the thermal interface material  1228  may extend between the intermediate region  1010  of the heat spreader  1000  and sides of the die  1204 . Optionally, an adhesive layer (not shown, see adhesive layer  1610  of  FIG. 16 ) may adhere the intermediate region  1010  of the heat spreader  1000  to a side  1290  of the stiffener  1208 , as well as to, or instead of, the top  1209  of the stiffener  1208 . As shown, the package  1200  comprises passive components  1230 . 
         [0033]      FIG. 13  is a bottom view of an embodiment of a heat spreader  1300 , suitable for use, for example, in the embodiments of packages  900 ,  1200  shown in  FIGS. 9 and 12 . The heat spreader  1300  has a shoulder region  1302  configured to couple to a stiffener (see stiffener  908  of  FIG. 9  and stiffener  1208  of  FIG. 12 ), for example, by use of an adhesive layer (see adhesive  914  of  FIG. 9  and adhesive  1214  of  FIG. 12 ), and a center region  1306  extending below the shoulder region  1302  and configured to thermally couple to a top of a die (see die  904  of  FIG. 9  and the top  1252  of die  1204  of  FIG. 12 ). For example, a thermal interface material may be used to thermally couple the heat spreader  1300  to the die. The heat spreader  1300  also comprises a plurality of legs  1310  extending adjacent to and below the center region  1306  of the heat spreader, and centered along the sides of the center region  1306 . The use of legs  1310  as compared to an intermediate region (see intermediate region  1010  of  FIGS. 10 and 11 ), may be desirable, for example, to reduce material costs, to control heat dissipation based on, for example, the shape of the legs and the materials selected, or to provide additional space for other components, such as passive components (see passive components  1230  of  FIG. 12 ). A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a package employing the embodiment of a heat spreader  1300  of  FIG. 13 , and taken along line A-A′ of  FIG. 13 , may be similar in appearance to the cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a package  1200  shown in  FIG. 12 . A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a package employing the embodiment of a heat spreader  1300  of  FIG. 13 , taken along line B-B′ of  FIG. 13 , may be similar in appearance to the cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a package  900  shown in  FIG. 9 . The plurality of legs  1310  may vary in number and in position with respect to the center portion  1306  of the heat spreader  1310 . 
         [0034]      FIG. 14  is a bottom view of an embodiment of a heat spreader  1400 , suitable for use, for example, in the embodiments of packages  900 ,  1200  shown in  FIGS. 9 and 12 . The heat spreader  1400  has a shoulder region  1402  configured to couple to a stiffener (see stiffener  908  of  FIG. 9  and stiffener  1208  of  FIG. 12 ), for example, by use of an adhesive layer (see adhesive  914  of  FIG. 9  and adhesive  1214  of  FIG. 12 ), and a center region  1406  extending below the shoulder region  1402  and configured to thermally couple to a top of a die (see die  904  of  FIG. 9  and the top  1252  of die  1204  of  FIG. 12 ). For example, a thermal interface material may be used to thermally couple the heat spreader  1400  to the die. The heat spreader  1400  also comprises a plurality of legs  1410  extending adjacent to the center region  1406  of the heat spreader  1400 . The use of legs  1410  as compared to an intermediate region (see intermediate region  1010  of  FIGS. 10 and 11 ), may be desirable, for example, to reduce material costs, to control heat dissipation based on, for example, the shape of the legs and the materials selected, or to provide additional space for other components, such as passive components (see passive components  1230  of  FIG. 12 ), or to direct heat away selected areas, such as locations of passive components. The legs  1410  as illustrated are positioned at corners of the central region  1406 . The legs  1410  may be positioned in various ways with respect to the central region  1406  (see, for example, the legs  1310  of  FIG. 13 ). 
         [0035]      FIG. 15  is a side cross-sectional view of an embodiment  1500  of the heat spreader  1400  of  FIG. 14  taken along lines C-C′ of  FIG. 14 . The heat spreader  1500  comprises a top portion  1514  having a shoulder region  1502 . The heat spreader  1500  has a lower portion  1516  comprising a center region  1506  having a first thickness T PC    1562  and a plurality of legs  1510  having a thickness T LEG    1564 . As illustrated, the legs  1510  are thicker than the center region  1506 . In some embodiments, the legs  1510  and the center region  1506  may have a same thickness, or the center region  1506  may be thicker than one or more of the legs  1510 . As illustrated, the legs  1510  are of a same thickness. In some embodiments the legs may have different thicknesses. Similarly, the legs of  FIG. 13  may have varying lengths and may vary with respect to the thickness of the center region of the heat spreader. 
         [0036]      FIG. 16  is a side-cross sectional view of an embodiment of a semiconductor package  1600 . The package  1600  comprises a substrate  1602  and a die  1604  coupled to the substrate  1602 . As illustrated, the die  1604  is coupled to the substrate  1602  using an adhesive  1610 . The die  1604  may be coupled to the substrate in other or additional ways. For example, solder bumps (see solder bumps  932  of  FIG. 9 ) may couple the die  1604  to the substrate  1602  in addition to or instead of the adhesive  1610 . The package  1600  comprises a stiffener  1608  and a heat spreader  1612 , which as illustrated are coupled to each other and to the substrate  1602  using a continuous adhesive layer  1610 . Some embodiments may employ multiple adhesive layers (see  FIG. 9 ). A well  1626  is substantially defined by an inner surface  1658  of the stiffener  1608  and an inner surface  1603  of the substrate  1602 . A top  1627  of the well  1626  is illustrated by a dashed-dotted line. The heat spreader  1612  comprises a top portion  1620  coupled to a top  1648  of the stiffener  1608 , and a bottom portion  1622  of the heat spreader  1622  positioned in the well  1626 . The bottom portion  1622  may be configured into various shapes. See, for example,  FIGS. 7 ,  8 ,  10 ,  11  and  13 - 15 . A thermal interface  1628  is configured to thermally couple the die  1604  to the heat spreader  1612 . 
         [0037]      FIG. 17  is a side-cross sectional view of an embodiment of a semiconductor package  1700 . The package  1700  comprises a substrate  1702  and a die  1704  coupled to the substrate  1702 . As illustrated, the die  1704  is coupled to the substrate  1702  using an adhesive  1710 . The die  1704  may be coupled to the substrate in other or additional ways. For example, solder bumps (see solder bumps  932  of  FIG. 9 ) may couple the die  1704  to the substrate  1702  in addition to or instead of the adhesive  1710 . The package  1700  comprises a stiffener  1708  and a heat spreader  1712 , which as illustrated are coupled to each other and to the substrate  1702  using a continuous adhesive layer  1710 . Some embodiments may employ multiple adhesive layers (see  FIG. 9 ). A well  1726  is substantially defined by an inner surface  1758  of the stiffener  1708  and an inner surface  1703  of the substrate  1702 . The heat spreader  1712  is positioned in the well  1726 , and may have various shapes. See, for example,  FIGS. 7 ,  8 ,  10 ,  11  and  13 - 15 . A thermal interface  1728  is configured to thermally couple the die  1704  to the heat spreader  1712 . 
         [0038]    Conventionally, the resistance of a semiconductor package to warping and the reliability of the package are generally dependent on the thickness of the die and of the stiffener ring. Simulations of embodiments of the disclosure have shown that increasing the thickness of a lower portion of the heat spreader (see heat spreader  712  of  FIG. 7 ) provides some rigidity to the package and increases the heat dissipation of the package, which can make the packages easier to assemble and improve quality, while decreasing the thickness of the die (see die  904  of  FIG. 9 ) improves the solder joint reliability of the package in temperature cycle testing. These improvements can be obtained without increasing the overall thickness of the package. In addition, the process of assembling embodiments of the disclosed semiconductor package may follow the same flow as the process used to assemble conventional semiconductor packages. Thus, although different components will be used, the order of assembly of the components does not need to be modified. 
         [0039]    The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary to employ concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments. 
         [0040]    These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.