Abstract:
A first device is attached to a second device, particularly first and second radiators, using a retainer and a cooperable button. The retainer has a base and a stem projecting from one side thereof with an elongated ratchet for engaging at least one pawl in an axial opening of the button. The button, preferably a single piece, has a hub with an axial opening in which the pawl is located and has a resilient rim. In one embodiment, side-by-side devices are embraced between the base and the button. In another embodiment, one device is embraced between the base and the button, and the base has a superstructure for engaging the other device.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     This application claims the benefit of provisional application 60/486,175 filed Jul. 11, 2003, incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     This invention is concerned with the mounting of a first device on a second device, and more particularly with the mounting of a first radiator on a second radiator. Although the invention will be described in its application to radiator mounting, it will become apparent that the invention is not limited to that application.  
         [0003]     In regard, particularly, to radiator mounting, the invention is concerned with attaching a small radiator (e.g., a radiator for power steering fluid, automatic transmission fluid, or air conditioning refrigerant) to a larger radiator such as an engine radiator. Two versions of the invention will be described, namely, a serviceable version in which the small radiator is removably attached to the large radiator, and a non-serviceable version in which the small radiator is permanently attached to the large radiator. Each version comprises a retainer and a cooperable button.  
         [0004]     A prior art non-serviceable radiator attachment apparatus also comprises a retainer and a cooperable button. The retainer comprises a flange and a stem with a ratchet that projects from the flange. The radiators are arranged side-by-side. The stem is passed through openings in the small radiator and the large radiator until the flange of the retainer abuts one side of the small radiator and the ratchet projects from an opposite side of the large radiator. The button has a hole for receiving the stem, and the button is pressed onto the stem until it abuts the large radiator. Locking elements in the button engage ratchet teeth of the stem so as to mount the small radiator on the large radiator, with the radiators embraced between the flange of the retainer and the button. In the prior art retainer apparatus, the button is comprised of two pieces, namely, a rigid disk having a hole in the center and an annulus that is inserted in the hole and that engages the teeth of the ratchet stem. A prior art serviceable apparatus has a radiator-locking feature pre-molded to a plastic frame of an engine-cooling radiator.  
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     The present invention is an improvement upon the prior art. In a preferred embodiment, the button is a single piece with integral tabs that flex when they engage an opposed surface of a radiator, for example. In a serviceable embodiment, the flange or base plate of the retainer has a superstructure that is constructed to pass through a hole in a mounting bracket at one end of the small radiator. The superstructure has elements that releasably latch the base plate to the mounting bracket and elements that releasably embrace a pipe at an end of the small radiator. The superstructure is constructed so that the small radiator can be removed from the retainer for service or replacement. A non-serviceable embodiment of the invention employs the same button, but the flange of the retainer has no superstructure. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0006]     The invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred (best mode) embodiments of the invention, and wherein:  
         [0007]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing a serviceable embodiment of the invention in which a small radiator is releasably attached to a large radiator;  
         [0008]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view showing a non-serviceable embodiment of the invention in which a small radiator is permanently attached to a large radiator;  
         [0009]      FIG. 3  is a fragmentary perspective view showing a non-serviceable embodiment of the invention about to be used in the attachment of a small radiator to a large radiator;  
         [0010]      FIG. 4  is a fragmentary perspective view showing a serviceable embodiment of the invention in which a small radiator is about to be attached to a large radiator (shown in phantom);  
         [0011]      FIG. 5  is a plan view of a retainer of a serviceable embodiment of the invention;  
         [0012]      FIG. 6  is a plan view of the retainer of  FIG. 5  turned 90° about the axis of the stem, which is shown truncated;  
         [0013]      FIG. 7  is a plan view showing one side of a button in accordance with the invention;  
         [0014]      FIG. 8  is a plan view showing an opposite side of the button shown in  FIG. 7 ;  
         [0015]      FIG. 9  is a sectional view taken along line  9 - 9  in  FIG. 8 ;  
         [0016]      FIG. 10  is a fragmentary sectional view showing the button engaged with teeth of the ratchet on the stem;  
         [0017]      FIG. 11  is a fragmentary plan view showing a serviceable embodiment of the invention, with a retainer about to be attached to a large radiator;  
         [0018]      FIG. 12  is a fragmentary plan view showing the retainer of  FIG. 11  mounted on the radiator and showing the button about to be inserted on the stem;  
         [0019]      FIG. 13  is a fragmentary plan view showing a serviceable embodiment of the invention attached to the large radiator;  
         [0020]      FIG. 14  is a fragmentary plan view turned 90° from the view in  FIG. 13  and showing the superstructure of the apparatus attached to a bracket at an end of a small radiator and engaged with a pipe at the end of the small radiator; and  
         [0021]      FIG. 15  is a fragmentary plan view similar to  FIG. 14  but turned 90° about the axis of the stem so that the apparatus of the invention assumes the position shown in  FIG. 13 .  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0022]      FIG. 1  shows a small radiator  10  attached to a large radiator  12  using a serviceable embodiment of the apparatus of the invention. The terms “small” and “large” are not intended to be limiting but are used, for convenience, to describe a typical application of the invention in which a small radiator for cooling power steering fluid, automatic transmission fluid, or air conditioning refrigerant, for example, is attached to a large radiator for cooling an engine of a vehicle, for example. The large radiator may also be referred to as a main radiator, and the small radiator may also be referred to as an auxiliary radiator, for example. The size of the radiators is irrelevant.  
         [0023]     In  FIG. 1 , the small radiator  10  is attached to the large radiator  12  by an apparatus or assembly  14  of the invention at each end of the small radiator. In  FIG. 2 , the small radiator  10  is attached to the large radiator  12  by an apparatus or assembly  16  of the invention adjacent to each of four corners of the small radiator. The apparatus or assembly of the invention may be used in as many multiples as desired.  
         [0024]      FIG. 3  illustrates a non-serviceable embodiment of the invention in which the apparatus or assembly  16  of the invention comprises a retainer  18  and a cooperable button  20 . The retainer comprises a flange or base plate  22  from which projects a stem  24  having an elongated ratchet  26  adjacent to the base plate and an elongated smooth lead-in or nose-piece  28  remote from the base plate. Preformed holes  30  are formed in the small radiator  10  and the large radiator  12 , through which the stem is inserted. Preformed holes  32  are also formed in the small radiator for receiving one or more anti-rotation prongs  34  projecting from the base plate in the same direction as the stem. In  FIG. 3 , the button  20  is shown at the side of the large radiator opposite to the small radiator, ready to be pressed onto the stem, which will project from the large radiator when the base plate abuts the small radiator. The length of the stem can accommodate various radiator thicknesses.  
         [0025]      FIG. 4  shows a serviceable embodiment of the invention, in which the apparatus or assembly  14  of the invention comprises a retainer  19  and a cooperable button  20 . The base plate  22 , shown in abutment with the main radiator  12 , has a superstructure  35  for engaging one end of the small radiator  10 . The small radiator has an angle bracket  36  at its end constituting a mounting part, with a rectangular hole  38  in one leg  40  of the angle bracket, through which the superstructure  35  of the retainer is inserted for releasably latching the superstructure to the angle bracket and for releasably clamping a portion of the superstructure to a pipe  42  projecting from the end of the small radiator. A similar arrangement, using another apparatus or assembly  14  of the invention shown in  FIG. 4 , can be used at the opposite end of the radiators (not shown). In  FIG. 4  the button is shown ready to be slipped onto the stem  18  of the retainer, which is identical to the stem of the non-serviceable embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 .  
         [0026]      FIGS. 5 and 6  show details of the retainer  19  in accordance with a serviceable embodiment of the invention. Except for the superstructure  35 , the retainer of the non-serviceable embodiment is similar.  
         [0027]     As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the superstructure  35  comprises a main central part  44  which resembles an A-frame with an interior medial stiffening wall  46 . Mounted on opposite legs  48  of the central part, by arcuate flexible hinges  50 , are a pair of curved resilient wings  52 . As shown in  FIG. 6 , one of the wings is close to one side  54  of the superstructure, and although not shown in  FIG. 6 , the other wing is close to the opposite side  56  of the superstructure.  
         [0028]     A portion of the superstructure remote from the base plate  22  comprises a U-shaped clamp  58 , the resilient legs  60  of which have diverging tips  62 . Projecting from the superstructure side of the base plate are one or more ribs  64 . As shown in  FIG. 6 , one of a pair of ribs is adjacent to one side  56  of the superstructure, and although not shown in  FIG. 6 , the other rib is adjacent to the opposite side  54  of the superstructure.  
         [0029]     As shown in  FIGS. 7-9 , the button  20  comprises a cupped disk  65  with a central portion forming a hub  66 , and a resilient rim  68  divided by slots  70  into four flexible sector tabs that project outwardly and axially from the hub. The hub has a central axial opening  72  for receiving the stem of the retainer. Three pawls or locking fingers  74  spaced 120° apart about the axis of the button project into the central opening for engagement with the ratchet teeth of the stem of the retainer. Three support ribs  76  interdigitated with the pawls project inwardly of the hub to protect the locking fingers from disengagement during side-loading. The support ribs center the stem inside the button. Depending upon the needs of a particular embodiment, the number of pawls and ribs can vary. The flexing tabs of the button accommodate variation between the location of the closest ratchet tooth on the stem and the adjacent side of the radiator, allowing for take-up in the thickness of the radiator and keeping the assembly of the button and the retainer snugly in place.  
         [0030]      FIGS. 11-15  illustrate the manner in which components of a serviceable embodiment of the invention are used as an apparatus or assembly to attach an end of a small radiator to a large radiator.  
         [0031]     As shown in  FIG. 11 , the stem  18  of the retainer  19  is inserted through a hole in the large radiator  12  until, as shown in  FIG. 12 , the base plate  22  abuts one side of the large radiator, with the anti-rotation prongs  34  inserted in corresponding holes in the large radiator.  
         [0032]     Then, the button  20  is slipped over the nose-piece  28  of the stem of the retainer and is pressed onto the ratchet  26  of the stem so that the pawls  74  of the button engage teeth of the ratchet, as shown in  FIG. 10 . When the button abuts the side of the large radiator opposite to the base plate, the sector tabs of the rim  68  of the button flex resiliently. The portion of the stem projecting beyond the button can then be trimmed as shown in  FIG. 13 . In a preferred embodiment, the engagement of the pawls of the button with the teeth of the ratchet is a one-way engagement, preventing removal of the button from the retainer.  
         [0033]     As shown in  FIG. 4 , the superstructure  35  of the retainer is inserted through the rectangular hole  38  in leg  40  of the angle bracket attached to one end of the small radiator  10 . During this insertion, the wings  52  of the superstructure flex so as to compress resiliently, and then they expand so as to snap into positions with tips of the wings engaging the leg  40  of the angle bracket around the hole  38 . The ribs  64  enter the hole and engage opposite edges of the wall of the hole for lateral stabilization of the superstructure relative to the angle bracket. The ribs  64  provide side-load protection and prevent disengagement of the superstructure caused by over-flexing of the wings  52  in side (shear) loading. The legs  60  of the U-shaped clamp  58  flex resiliently as the clamp opens to receive the pipe  42  and then to embrace the pipe, as shown in  FIGS. 14 and 15 .  
         [0034]     When it is desired to remove the small radiator for service or replacement, the wings  52  are pressed toward one another so that they can pass through the hole  38  as the angle bracket is pulled away from the large radiator, and the legs  60  of the U-shaped clamp  58  flex to permit the pipe  42  to be removed from the clamp.  
         [0035]     In the non-serviceable embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 , after the flange  22  of the retainer has been pressed into abutment with one side of the small radiator and the button has been slipped onto the projecting stem of the retainer and abutted with the opposite of the large radiator, the portion of the stem projecting beyond the button can be trimmed as in the serviceable embodiment. It will be apparent that the arrangement of the radiators shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3  can be reversed so that the flange of the retainer abuts one side of the large radiator and the button abuts the opposite side of the small radiator.  
         [0036]     The invention is not limited to the mounting of a single small radiator and a large radiator. It is apparent that a plurality of small radiators may be mounted on a large radiator using the apparatus of the invention in as many multiples as required. The serviceable and non-serviceable versions of the invention may be used together to mount different small radiators on a large radiator.  
         [0037]     In all of the embodiments of the invention, it is preferred that both the retainers and the buttons be manufactured of a plastic such as nylon by molding, so that each retainer is a single piece of molded plastic, and each button is a single piece of molded plastic.  
         [0038]     While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent that changes can be made without departing from the principles and the spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the accompanying claims. For example, although the base of the retainer and the rim of the button have been described as abutting certain sides of the devices, it is evident that such abutting need not require direct contact and is intended to include circumstances in which an intermediate member may be inserted between the base of the retainer and a side of a device and/or between the rim of the button and a side of a device.