Abstract:
An interface circuit for actuating an electrical consumer, especially a pole-changing rotary-current induction motor, with a first contact element assigned to a signal line carrying an alternating voltage signal to generate at least two different control signals. A circuit arrangement is provided for actuating an electric motor, especially a pole-changing rotary-current induction motor, with a control switch element having an aforementioned interface circuit, which is connected via a signal line to a motor control of the electric motor. In order to achieve a reduction in the number of signal lines required as compared to a parallel transmission, while at the same time preserving the easy fault diagnosis, an encoding diode ( 10 ) is hooked up in series before or after the first contact element ( 6   a   , 7   a ) in the signal line ( 4 ) and a further second contact element ( 6   b   , 7   b ) is arranged in parallel with the encoding diode ( 2 ), so that depending on the positions of the first contact element ( 6   a   , 7   a ) and the second contact element ( 6   b   , 7   b ) three different control signals ( 19   a   , 19   b   , 19   c ) can be generated.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The invention concerns an interface circuit for actuating an electrical device, especially a pole-changing rotary-current induction motor, with a first contact element coordinated with a signal line carrying an alternating voltage signal in order to produce at least two control signals different from each other. The invention also concerns a circuit arrangement for actuating an electric motor, especially a pole-changing rotary-current induction motor, with a control-switching element having an aforesaid interface circuit, which is connected by a signal line to a control of the electric motor.  
           [0002]    It is generally known how to transmit control signals between a control switch and an electric motor by a signal line. In this case, a control signal being transmitted is assigned to each wire of the line. The control signal is characterized by the presence of a voltage or the absence of a voltage on the signal line. One of these two signal states can then bring about functions such as “electric motor turns clockwise”.  
           [0003]    In the case of the control of pole-changing rotary-current motors, the individual control signals in combination with each other bring about, for example, the functions: “slow left-hand rotation”, “slow right-hand rotation”, “fast left-hand rotation” and “fast right-hand rotation”. In this case, normally three control signals such as “right”, “left” and “fast” are produced by a control switch. If no voltage is present on the control line for the “fast” control signal, the rotary-current motor will turn slowly in the direction imposed by the other control signal. If several axes of a device are motorized with corresponding pole-changing rotary-current motors, additional control signals must be generated by the control switch corresponding to the number of axes. For a three-axis device, such as an industrial bay traveling crane, in which the lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism trolleys, and the lifting beam are driven by pole-changing rotary-current motors, nine signals and thus also nine signal lines are required, in addition to a reference potential line. Thus, this system entails high costs and a large wiring expense on account of the large number of signal lines.  
           [0004]    A customary method of reducing the necessary number of signal lines while maintaining the information content in the form of the different control signals is to convert the parallel signals into serial information. In the state of the art, many serial transmission types are known, from the RS232 interface familiar in PC equipment to bus systems which can very quickly and securely transmit the control signals. The converting of the parallel control signals into serial information and the converting of them back for the subsequent control process is, however, cost-intense. Also, a fault diagnosis for the serial transmission of control signals is more difficult than for parallel signal lines.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    The task of the present invention is to create an interface circuit and a circuit arrangement for actuating an electric motor therewith, which enables a reduction in the required number of signal lines as compared to a parallel transmission, while at the same time maintaining simple fault diagnosis.  
           [0006]    This purpose is accomplished by an interface circuit with the features of claim  1  and a circuit arrangement for actuating an electric motor with the features of claim  6 .  
           [0007]    According to the invention, in an interface circuit for actuating an electrical consumer, especially a pole-changing rotary-current induction motor, with a first contact element coordinated with a signal line carrying an alternating voltage signal in order to produce at least two control signals different from each other, an especially simple circuit is achieved in that an encoder diode is hooked up in series with the first contact element in the signal line, either before or after it, and an additional second contact element is arranged in parallel with the encoding diode, so that three control signals which are different from each other can be produced depending on the positions of the first contact element and the second contact element. In this way, only a simple diode and an additional switch element with several contact elements is required to actuate a pole-changing rotary-current motor. Thus, a single signal line cannot only transmit the information “ON” or “OFF”, but also three states such as “ON”, “HALF” or “OFF” can be transmitted. Therefore, one signal line is saved for each pole-changing rotary-current motor, which leads to a reduction of the material and wiring expense by a third. The fault diagnosis can occur, as in the case of parallel transmission, with a simple voltage meter.  
           [0008]    In an especially simple embodiment, the following control signals are made available in that a first open contact element and a second open contact element produce an “OFF” signal as a control signal, a first closed contact element and a second open contact element produce a “HALF” signal as a control signal in the form of the propagation of a half-wave of the alternating voltage signal on the signal line, and a first closed contact element and a second closed contact element produce an “ON” signal as a control signal in the form of the propagation of a full alternating voltage signal on the signal line.  
           [0009]    This interface circuit is especially suitable for use with an electrical consumer that is configured as a pole-changing rotary-current induction motor. Then, a first key switch for the left running function with a first contact element and a second key switch for the right running function with a first contact element is coordinated with an encoding diode, and a common sequential closing contact element for the fast running function is coordinated with the first key and the second. In this way, one contact element can be saved. The first contact element is then connected to a first conductor of the signal line and the second contact element to a second conductor of the signal line.  
           [0010]    In this interface circuit, an EMERGENCY HOLD switch can easily be hooked up in front of the first and second contact elements without additional wiring expense.  
           [0011]    This interface circuit is also suitable for application in a circuit arrangement to actuate an electric motor, especially a pole-changing rotary-current induction motor. The interface circuit is then integrated in a control switch element that is connected via a signal line to a motor control of the electric motor. The motor control in this case is divided into a motor switch and a signal decoder. The motor switch is connected to the electric motor for its actuation and the signal decoder processes the signals arriving from the interface circuit by the signal line for routing to the motor switch.  
           [0012]    The invented interface circuit and the actuation circuit are explained more closely hereafter by means of two illustrated sample embodiments. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0013]    [0013]FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a sample application for an interface circuit, according to the invention;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an interface circuit, according to the invention;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the three different control signals generated by the interface circuit in FIG. 2;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the interface circuit, according to the invention; and  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the interface circuit, according to the invention. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0018]    [0018]FIG. 1 shows a sample application for an interface circuit  20  according to the invention for actuating an electric motor  3  of a lifting mechanism. Basically, there are depicted a control switch element  1 , a motor control  2 , and an electric motor  3  configured as a pole-changing rotary-current induction motor, which can drive the lifting mechanism (not shown) with two opposite directions of rotation (lifting and lowering) and two speeds. The motor control  2  contains a motor switch  2   a  for controlling the electric motor  3  and a signal decoder  2   b  for evaluating the control signals  19   a ,  19   b ,  19   c  from the control switch element  1  (see FIG. 3). The control switch element  1  is connected via a signal line  4  to the motor control  2 , which, in turn, is connected via a motor line  5  to the electric motor  3 , especially the stator windings (not shown) of the rotary-current induction motor.  
         [0019]    The control switch element  1  has several manually activated switch elements, which are configured in the form of a locking switch  8  for the “EMERGENCY HOLD” function, a first two-stage self-resetting pushbutton  6  for the “LEFT” direction of turning and a second identical pushbutton  7  for the “RIGHT” direction of turning. With the pushbuttons  6 ,  7 , an operator controls the “LEFT” or “RIGHT” direction of turning of the electric motor  3  as desired and, with the second stage of the particular pushbutton  6 ,  7 , the fast speed of the electric motor  3 .  
         [0020]    In FIG. 2, the invented interface circuit  20  is represented as a circuit diagram for one of the pushbuttons  6  or  7 , consisting essentially of an encoding diode  10  and two switchable contact elements  6   a ,  7   a  and  6   b ,  7   b  of the pushbuttons  6 ,  7 . The encoding diode  10  is arranged in the course of the signal line  4  which leads to the motor control  2  of the electric motor  3 . On the signal line  4 , there is imposed an alternating voltage signal  21 , which can be transformed by the interface circuit  20  into three control signals  19   a ,  19   b ,  19   c  different from each other. These control signals  19   a ,  19   b ,  19   c  then accomplish the desired functions “LEFT RUNNING”, “RIGHT RUNNING”, “SLOW” and/or “FAST” at the electric motor  3 . For evaluating the control signals  19   a ,  19   b ,  19   c , the signal decoder  2   b  is arranged in the region of the electric motor  3 .  
         [0021]    In order to generate the control signals  19   a ,  19   b ,  19   c , the first contact element  6   a  or  7   a  is connected after the decoder diode  10  and the second contact element  6   b  or  7   b  is switched in parallel with the decoder diode  10 . The two contact elements  6   a ,  7   a  and  6   b ,  7   b  can be integrated, for example, in a pushbutton  6 ,  7 , which is configured as a multiple-stage switch. The contact elements  6   b ,  7   b  are then configured accordingly as sequential closing contact elements.  
         [0022]    The control signals  19   a ,  19   b ,  19   c  that can be generated by the invented interface circuit  20  are represented in FIG. 3. The first control signal  19   a , designated as “OFF”, is generated when the first and the second contact element  6   a ,  7   a  and  6   b ,  7   b  are open. Thus, no alternating voltage signal  6  is transmitted on the signal line  4  in the direction of the motor control  2 . The second control signal  19   b  “HALF” is generated when the second contact element  6   b ,  7   b  is open and the first contact element  6   a ,  7   a  is closed. Thus, the alternating voltage signal  21  flows through the decoder diode  10  and its bottom half-wave is cut off. Now, if the second contact element  6   b ,  7   b  is also closed, the alternating voltage signal  21  bypasses the decoder diode  10  and the alternating voltage signal  21  fully reaches the motor control  2  as the control signal  19   c  “ON”.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the invented interface circuit for the application represented in FIG. 1. The elements with reference numbers  6  through  10  symbolize the functions of the control switch element  1 ; the elements with reference numbers  11  and  12  fulfill the function of signal decoding and the elements with reference numbers  13  through  15 , the function of the motor switch  2 .  
         [0024]    The signal voltage—for example, 24 V alternating voltage  21  (see FIG. 2)—is supplied to the control switch element  1  at the terminal  9 . With the opening contact  8   a  of the “EMERGENCY HOLD” switch  8 , the operator can interrupt the voltage supply to the control switch element  1  in an emergency, so that all signal output is prevented.  
         [0025]    The interface signal according to the invention is achieved with the encoding diode  10 , as already explained essentially in conjunction with FIG. 2 by the interaction of the contact element  6   a  for “LEFT RUNNING” and the contact element  7   a  for “RIGHT RUNNING”, as well as the common sequential closing contact  6 / 7   b , which can be operated by either pushbutton element  6  and  7 .  
         [0026]    When the pushbutton  6  is pressed, at first the contact element  6   a  is closed and thus conducts the alternating voltage  21  applied at  9  across the encoding diode  10  and the closed contact  6   a , the subsequent first conductor  4   a  of the signal line  4 , and the fourth decoding diode  12   b  to the relay coil  15  for the speed stages and across the first decoding diode  11   a  to the relay coil  13  for left running. Because of the opposite polarity of the encoding diode  10  and the fourth decoding diode  12   b , the relay coil  15  cannot respond, since no current flow is possible. The encoding diode  10  and the first  11   a  have the same polarity, so that the relay coil  13  for left running receives current during the positive half-wave of the signal voltage  21 . Thus, the relay coil  13  for left running responds and the corresponding three-pole contact set  13   a  is closed, so that the motor  3  is connected via the resting contact  15   a  of the other relay coil  15  for the speed stage “FAST” or “SLOW” to the rotary-current network terminal  16 . The resting contact  15   a  preferably connects the motor winding for low speed to the rotary-current network. In this circuit condition, the negative half-wave of the signal voltage is blocked by the encoding diode  10 , but the relay coil  13  continues to be supplied with current from the parallel switched capacitor  22 , now discharging, so that the contact  13   a  remains closed. The phase sequence of the contact set  13   a  is switched so that the “LEFT RUNNING” of the rotary-current induction motor  3  is selected.  
         [0027]    If one presses further on the first pushbutton  6 , the second switch stage of the sequential closing contact element  6 / 7   b  is closed, so that the encoding diode  10  is shunted. As a result, both half-waves of the alternating signal voltage  21  are now switched by the first pushbutton  6 , so that both the relay coil  13  for the left running and the relay coil  15  for the speed stage, which is energized during the negative half-wave of the signal voltage  21 , are now supplied with current. This means that the three-pole contact set  13   a  continues to remain closed and the three-pole contact set  15   a  is switched into working position, so that the winding for the fast speed of the rotary-current induction motor  3  is excited. The result is that the motor  3  operates in conditions “LEFT RUNNING” and “FAST”.  
         [0028]    In order to actuate the “RIGHT RUNNING” condition of the motor  3 , one operates the pushbutton  7  similar to the above-described operating sequence for the pushbutton  6 , so that in the first switching stage the contact element  7   a  controls, across the adjoining second conductor  4   b  of the signal line  4  and the second decoding diode  11   b , the relay  14  for right running with the three-pole contact set  14   a , which switches the phase sequence for the “right running”. As the pushbutton  7  is depressed further, the sequential closing contact element  6 / 7   b  is closed, so that the relay coil  15  for the speed stage once again additionally switches the contact set  15   a  across the third decoding diode  12   a  into the position for the fast speed.  
         [0029]    Thus, FIG. 4 shows how a rotary-current induction motor  3  with two directions of running “LEFT RUNNING” or “RIGHT RUNNING”, and two speeds “FAST” or “SLOW” can be controlled by the invented signal interface  20  in a way that saves on wiring with only two signal conductors  4   a  and  4   b  of one signal line  4  and one conductor (not shown) to provide the signal voltage between control switch element  1  and motor control  2 , and the “EMERGENCY HOLD” function required in many applications can be integrated without additional wiring expense.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the interface circuit  20  of FIG. 4. Here, the relay coil  15  for the speed stages is, when the sequential closing contact element  6 / 7   b  is closed, excited by the alternating voltage which is rectified by means of the rectifier bridge  18 , whereupon the contact set  15   a  is switched from the resting position to the working position, i.e., the switch between “slower” and “faster” speed occurs. The voltage drop at the resistors  17   a  and  17   b  arranged respectively in the first and second conductor  4   a  and  4   b  of the signal line prevents reaching the operating voltage of the relay coil  15  in the switch condition where only one half-wave of the alternating signal voltage  21  is switched through, that is, in the “slow” speed contact position. At the same time, the voltage drop at these resistors  17   a  and  17   b  prevents a feedback between the relay coils  13  and  14 . For example, in the case when the contact element  6   a  is closed and the relay coil  13  for left running is energized, the voltage drop at resistors  17   b  and  17   a  prevents the relay coil  14  from receiving sufficient operating voltage at the same time via the pathway  17   b ,  17   a ,  11   b.    
         [0031]    In a further embodiment of the invented application, one can use mechanical locking or additional contacts in a familiar manner to prevent the contacts  13   a  and  14   a  from being closed at the same time by simultaneous operation of the pushbuttons  6  and  7 , which would result in short circuiting of two phases of the network power supply.  
         [0032]    By using the invented interface circuit  20 , only two conductors  4   a ,  4   b  are required for the signal transmission for the signal line  4  in the represented case and one conductor (not shown) for the signal voltage supply.  
         [0033]    Embodiments are also possible in which the signal decoder  2   b  in the motor control  2  does not occur by correspondingly switched diodes, as represented and described in FIGS. 4 and 5, but instead by evaluating the signals transmitted by means of the lines  4   a  and  4   b  in a microprocessor. In this case, the microprocessor with its outputs will furnish current to the relay coils  13 ,  14  and  15  in the desired manner by means of semiconductor switches, so that the relay contacts  13   a ,  14   a  and  15   a  connect the motor to the rotary-current network—as already described.  
         [0034]    Changes and modifications in the specifically described embodiments can be carried out without departing from the principles of the invention which is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims, as interpreted according to the principles of patent law including the doctrine of equivalents.