Abstract:
The futon sofa bed frame featuring a quick assembly system and method for fitting the back-deck into position between the arm panels. A futon sofa bed frame featuring a quick assembly system and method for attaching the seat-deck to the back-deck that may be converted between seating, lounging, and bed positions while standing at the front of the futon frame and the method of assembling a futon sofa bed that is easier to manipulate and is more durable in operating than conventional futons.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of co-pending application No. 09/760,749, filed on Jan. 17, 2001, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference and for which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. §120; and this application claims priority of application No. 60/201,672 filed in the United States on May 3, 2000 under 35 U.S.C. §119. 
    
    
     COMPACT DISC 
     The entirety of the file Psishoes.mov (83.5 MB), contained on the concurrently filed compact disc (Copy 1 and Copy 2), created Mar. 10, 2000, is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The futon sofa bed has grown from a small and simply made item to a larger market product with a greater breadth of styling, function and appeal. Along with its growth has been an increased need for better quality styling and finishes as well as a need for enhanced user friendliness in several aspects of the product. Among these aspects are: 
     1. Improved ease of conversion from a sofa (seating) position to the bed position and back to the sofa position; and 
     2. Easier user-assembly of the frame. 
     The following addresses these two aspects including discussion of problems with the prior art. 
     Aspect 1: Improved Ease of Conversion and a Discussion of Front Loaders (prior art) 
     The futon sofa bed is a convertible product, converting from a bed position to a sofa position and back again. Accordingly, the futon sofa bed requires moving and mechanical parts to achieve these conversions. 
     One class of conventional futon frames required the user, when converting, to insert and remove wooden pegs to hold the frame in the seating and bed positions. A later developed class of conventional futon frames permits the back-deck frame to slide using plastic pegs (runners) which run in grooves in the arm-panels, allowing easier movement between the positions of seating and bed. This later developed class is one of the most popular in use today. 
     However, both classes of conventional futon frames require some strength and care when converting, and can be awkward for the user. as example, in the later developed class, when converting from seating to the bed position, care is needed when pulling the seat forward (the primary step in conversion) so as not to let the back-deck come down quickly and slam hard into its horizontal (bed) position, under its own weight. When converting back from the bed to seating positions, the user must first stand at the front of the seat-deck to pull the seat out of its locked position and then move to the back of the frame to lift the back-deck up into a near seating position. Finally the user must return to the front to push the seat deeper into its final seating position. 
     From its earliest engineering and styling, the futon sofa bed has striven to find simple and economical forms of engineering to achieve these conversions. Simplicity of engineering, and value for money are among the futon sofa bed&#39;s strongest defining features. 
     Unfortunately, the simplicity in the futon sofa bed&#39;s engineering designs has not always made the futon sofa bed easy to use (nor has it kept it free from breakage, due to the stresses it endures during use). 
     To make the product easier to use a number of improvements in the futon sofa bed&#39;s converting mechanisms have been made in recent years. These converting mechanisms are commonly known as front converting system, ‘front loader’, ‘kicker’, or ‘convert-with-ease’ to name a few. All these solutions use a system of two points on the seat or back-deck forming a ‘lock’ onto the other platform (seat or back-deck) so as to lock-and-lever up or down the back-deck into the desired position by moving (levering) the seat-deck, thereby operating only from the front. 
     While these solutions allow the user to convert from the front with more ease and control, they have a number of flaws and have not become widely used or accepted. Among these flaws are the following: 
     a. Breakage Due to Metal Pin 
     The use of small metal pins (for example ⅜″ diam.) in wood slots (grooves), which are used both as pivot and ‘locking’ points, which can cause damage, and often causes breakage to frame components when used. Great stress is put on the contact point between the metal pin and the wall of the wood slot. Because the length of the wood slot runs parallel to the wood grain, the stress often splits the wood. 
     b. Damage to Wood Slot from Metal Pin 
     The same metal pins, mentioned above, can leave indentations in the wooden wall of the slot when used under stress. These indentations make smooth movement in the slots increasingly difficult over time. 
     c. Early Release 
     When converting from the seating to the bed position, it is easy for the user to pull too hard or too gently forward on the seat-deck. This can cause the ‘lock’ points to miss and not lock and release too early, causing the back-deck to fall down hard. 
     d. Jamming 
     When converting from the sofa position to the bed position, it is easy for the user to pull unevenly forward on the seat-deck. This can cause the ‘lock’ points to release on one side only and cause the frame to jam as one side releases and the other remains locked. This can cause damage or breakage to the frame. 
     e. Shortening of the Seat-deck in Seating Position 
     Because the metal pins are in a fixed position on the back-deck and the slots in the seat-deck slide over them, the nature of this design requires that the seat-deck move deeper in (in towards, and under, the back-deck) when pushed into the final seating position. The sliding of the seat-deck towards and under the back-deck results in the shortening of the seat-deck in the final seating position by about 1 ½″. This is noticeable to the sitter (especially taller ones). It is difficult to try to correct this problem by re-positioning the slot in the seat-deck due to the joining of other frame components in that same area. Alternately, lengthening the seat-deck by 1 ½″ to compensate for the shortened position makes the platform too wide in the bed position. 
     f. Stress to the Inside Back-deck Long-Rail 
     Many of these conventional solutions require the inside long-rail of the back-deck to be used as one of the two locking points (catching the seat-deck frame under it as the seat-deck slides under the long-rail in the final seating position). This causes stress and can cause breakage to the long-rail where it joins to the other back-deck frame components. 
     Additionally, in recent years the futon mattresses used on the frames have become increasingly heavier. The increasing weight of the mattress amplifies the problems listed above. 
     As a result of the problems listed above the various front converting systems have not been widely accepted in the futon industry. Generally, front converting systems have a reputation for difficulty of use and ease of breakage. 
     As described above, these front converting improvements have generally employed slots and pins, cut or set into the wooden components. These systems have seen substantial breakage during use due to both the designs of the mechanisms, and due to the materials used. Metal pins forced against wooden grooves and slots also tend to stress and split the wooden components. Attempts have been made to overcome this as in (for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,083,333 to Newton) by using a metal plate stamped with slots and notches to take the force exerted by the metal pins, and thereby relieve the stress on the wooden components. 
     Although the use of a metal plate can reduce breakage, it has never found broad usage in the futon sofa bed industry partly due to the metal against metal sound/feel effects and other negative metal qualities. Further, the rigid nature of metal has limited potentially desirable features and design improvements to the futon sofa bed conversion mechanism. 
     Aspect 2: Easier User Assembly of the Frame Parts 
     The following is a discussion of the three main assembly difficulties: 
     1. attaching stretchers to arms; 
     2. attaching the seat-deck to the back-deck; and 
     3. fitting of seat and back-decks between arms. 
     a. Attaching Stretchers to Arms 
     For the majority of futon sofa beds in the market, the standard system of assembly of the stretcher rails (support beams spanning and connecting the arm panels at each end) to the arm panels is by means of threaded bolts which attach and thread into barrel nuts. The threaded bolts are inserted from outside the arm panels, through holes in the arm panels and then into holes drilled in the ends of the stretchers—and then connecting and threading into barrel nuts. 
     Conventional barrel nuts generally provide slots in the top end of the nut so that the user can use a screwdriver to assist with positioning of the nut within the hole. However, a screwdriver has limited control over the positioning of the nut as it can push the nut deeper into the hole but it can not pull it back out again. A screwdriver can rotate the nut but it can not necessarily rotate the nut at the correct depth inside the hole for correct alignment with the bolt. This is a great drawback of the common barrel nut and causes frustration to the assembler/user. 
     b. Attaching the Seat-deck to the Back-deck 
     Conventional futon sofa beds utilize a pivot pin to make the connection between the seat-deck and the back-deck and this pin must be fit through a hole in the seat side frame, and align with a hole in the back side frame. The fitting of these pins is awkward and alignment of these holes can be difficult. When fitting the pins into the holes, the back-deck is generally set into it&#39;s seating (upright) position between the arm panels and then the seat deck is held manually in place while the pivot pins are inserted. 
     To add further to this difficult assembly, on occasion, when the design and style of the arm panels are such that they do not provide open access from the outside to these pivot pin holes, and are designed with closed panels that are low enough on the arm to prevent access, the user must assemble the seat-deck to the back-deck completely first, using the pivot pins, before fitting the decks into their position between the arm panels. This requires lifting both decks together as one assembled unit, and with great strength, manipulating the two heavy decks into position. 
     c. Fitting of Seat and Back-decks between Arms 
     As a converting mechanism the conventional groove and runner system works very well. However, again there are problems in the frame assembly using this system. 
     The problem comes in when assembling the seat and back decks into the grooves in the arm panels. This assembly requires great care to be taken in the following steps: 
     1) Assemble Arms to Stretchers 
     The user starts by assembling the arm panels to the stretcher rails to form the basic framework of the futon frame. The stretcher rails are generally bolted to the arm panels. 
     2) Leave the Bolts Loose 
     The bolts must not be tightened at this early assembly stage. The assembler must leave each bolt a few turns loose to ensure a clearance is given when fitting runners into grooves. Although assembly instructions tell the assembler to leave the bolts loose, it is difficult to explain exactly how loose. Additionally, if the bolts are too loose the bolts holding the arms and stretcher may not be securely threaded to hold properly. 
     3) Fitting the Runners into the Grooves 
     When the stretchers and arms are attached to each other and the connection between them left loose, the assembler needs to lift the back-deck into place. To do this the assembler must hold the back-deck over the frame and fit the runners at one end of the back-deck into the grooves of the arm panel. Once the runners are in place the assembler must lower the other end of the back-deck carefully, down past the edge of the arm rest of the arm panel, and manipulate the runners at that end into the grooves of the arm panel at that end. This is always a difficult step and can cause damage to finished surfaces of the arm panels. Generally, two people are needed. 
     Additionally, with some arm panel designs, the seat-deck and the back-deck need to be joined together before fitting the back-deck runners into the grooves (this is true with arm designs that have panels low to the floor not allowing access to the connection point from the outside, thereby requiring the assembler to join the decks before they are fit into the arm panels). This is a dangerous procedure in particular for the exposed finished surfaces and causes damage to the exposed parts. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     With the above-identified problems in mind, the present invention is directed to a futon sofa bed and variations thereon and various assemblies thereof and variations thereon, usable separately or in combination with each other. Several aspects of the futon sofa bed and some assemblies thereof are summarized below. 
     1. Barrel Nut 
     A threaded barrel type nut featuring a thumb and finger grip for easy insertion and alignment. 
     A threaded nut of cylindrical shape with the threaded hole running through, and perpendicularly to the length of the nut. 
     A threaded nut, designed to insert into a hole in the face of a material, such as (but not restricted to) wood, so that the threaded hole in the nut is in lateral alignment with the lengthwise or widthwise axes of the material, and so that the threaded hole in the nut can be placed in alignment with a threaded bolt, or screw, which can thereby be threaded into the nut when inserted through the edge of the material at a perpendicular (90°) angle to the length of the nut. 
     A nut, with a thumb and finger grip incorporated at the top end of the nut so the user can easily insert and manipulate the nut inside the hole, in the material, into correct alignment with the threaded bolt for easy threading onto the threaded bolt. 
     2. Drop-In Assembly of Back-Deck 
     The present invention is also directed to a futon sofa bed frame featuring a quick assembly system and method for fitting the back-deck into position between the arm panels. 
     The present invention is also directed to a futon sofa bed frame featuring an open track or ledge fixed on or incorporated into the arm panel onto which the runners or rollers, which are attached to the side rail of the back-deck, drop, and onto which the runners and rollers can be positioned and set directly without the need to fit or key the runners or rollers into grooves inset in the arm panels. 
     3. Hook-On Assembly of Seat Deck 
     The present invention is also directed to a futon sofa bed frame featuring a quick assembly system and method for attaching the seat-deck to the back-deck without the need for additional hardware and/or tools. 
     The present invention is also directed to a futon sofa bed frame featuring a groove, notch or hook (hook-notch) in or on the frame component-parts of one deck (seat or back) that catches a peg, pin or similar piece on the other deck thereby causing the seat-deck to be attached in a simple, hook-on way to the back-deck. 
     The present invention is also directed to a futon sofa bed frame featuring a hook-notch in or on the frame component-parts which allows the pins or pegs of the other deck to move easily from the assembly hook-notch into their final operating positions for appropriate use. 
     In one exemplary embodiment, a hook-notch is placed at the inside lower end of the back-deck side frame member so that when the back-deck is laid flat in a horizontal plain (as in the bed position) the opening of the hook-notch is facing downwards. 
     In one exemplary embodiment, a first peg placed at the far end of the seat-deck side frame member, facing outward, so that the user can fit the seat-deck into position between the back-deck side frame members and fit the peg up into the corresponding notch. Additionally, a second peg, forward (towards the front) of the first peg is also located on the seat-deck side frame member. The user lifts the front of the seat-deck so that the first peg remains in the hook-notch, thereby pivoting inside the hook-notch, and the seat-deck is rotated to a near vertical position allowing the second peg to seat in it&#39;s corresponding notch at the upper edge of the back-deck side frame. When the second peg is in it&#39;s position, the first peg automatically drops out of the hook-notch and is then free to rotate towards the rear and find it&#39;s final position in the rear groove. 
     4. Front Conversion Mechanism 
     The present invention provides a futon sofa bed that may fully converted between seating and bed positions while standing at the front of the futon frame and a method of assembling a futon sofa bed; and that is easier to manipulate and is more durable when operating than conventional futons. 
     In particular, the present invention is directed to a futon sofa bed and method featuring a configuration of grooves and retaining edges in and on the back-deck side-rails (or in and on blocks mounted on the back-deck side-rails); and featuring pegs mounted into the seat-deck side-rails. The pegs of the seat-deck side-rails fit into, or on, the above mentioned grooves and retaining edges in the back-deck side-rails. 
     These pegs are designed to slide inside the grooves and/or along the retaining edges as mentioned above. These pegs are called sliding pegs. The sliding pegs slide into several different positions so as to variably lock, lever and pivot the seat-deck and the back-deck into different positions, relative to each other, and relative to the stationary arm panels, to form appropriate seating and sleeping positions. 
     With regard to the above mentioned grooves, while the grooves can be routed directly into the wooden frame components, it is preferred that the grooves be made into a separate block of material that can be mounted onto the back-deck side-rail. This block can be made from a multitude of materials including metals, plastics hardwoods and rubber. The preferred material for this discussion is hard rubber. (The use of rubber relieves the problems of breakage as described with conventional designs). The block is then securely mounted with screws to the back-deck side-rail. 
     A block of moldable material mounted to the frame components of a futon sofa bed and featuring a configuration of grooves, slots, holes, channels, edges and/or notches. Although the material which the block can be made of can include a multitude of plastics and rubber, I will refer to it here as a rubber block in this discussion as, at this point, rubber is the preferred material due to its high strength, natural elasticity and low cost. 
     The following are features of a rubber block, used as described above, and in conjunction with pins, pegs, dowels, blocks, rails or other similar devices mounted in the opposite deck (seat or back decks) connected or fit into the rubber block so as to joinably connect the two decks. The following are features of a rubber block which allow for improvements in the mechanics of a futon sofa bed conversion mechanism. 
     Features of a rubber block (similar to: tire rubber): 
     a. It won&#39;t break, tear or split. 
     b. It won&#39;t substantially wear in use. 
     c. It is bouncy; it will absorb shock and force of impact. 
     d. It is elastic; it resists force of pull. 
     e. It will squeeze, compress and pinch. 
     f. It can resist pressure at a given point; and it can release its resistance under an increased pressure at the same point. 
     g. Is moldable and economical. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1 through 3 illustrate several views of the barrel nut in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIGS. 4-5 illustrate views of a futon sofa bed in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates a seat deck side rail in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 7 illustrates a back deck side rail in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIGS. 8 and 8 a  illustrate a block in exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
     FIGS. 9 a ( 1 )-( 3 ) to FIGS. 9 k ( 1 )-( 3 ) illustrate the motion mechanics in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 10 illustrates a drop-in assembly in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIGS. 11 and 11 a  illustrate a track block in exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
     FIGS. 12 and 12 a  illustrate a hook-on assembly in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Finger Held Barrel Nut 
     Below is described a threaded barrel nut TN  1  which, when used with a threaded bolt TN  13  in the described manner, allows easy insertion, manipulation and alignment as compared to conventional barrel nuts commonly available. 
     Referring to FIGS. 1-3 a threaded barrel nut TN  1 , with a generally cylindrical shape, is formed with a thumb and finger grip TN  4  and TN  5  at one end, with said finger grip designed to extend outside of hole TN  11  (when the barrel nut TN  1  is seated in hole TN  11 ) and extend beyond the surface of member TN  10 . Additionally a threaded hole TN  3  is bored perpendicularly (at a substantially 90° angle) to the length of the cylindrical shank TN  2 , and forming a through-hole, preferably open at both ends. 
     The general purpose of the barrel nut being to fixedly attach any member TN  15  (also being made of a variety of materials, in all shapes and sizes) to member TN  10  by passing bolt TN  13  through both member TN  15  and member TN  10  and by threading bolt TN  13  into barrel nut TN  1 , thereby causing it to be screwed into the threaded hole TN  3 , and fixedly attaching and tightening together members TN  10  and TN  15 . 
     To practice the present invention, threaded barrel nut TN  1  is held by the user at finger grip TN  4  and TN  5  and inserted into hole TN  11  in material TN  10  so that hole TN  3  in the nut is in open alignment with hole TN  12  in the material, such that the center lines of (and through) the holes TN  3  and TN  12  are substantially along the same axis. A bolt TN  13  is threaded through a hole in material TN  15  and then through hole TN  12  reaching hole TN  3  in barrel nut TN  1  in such a way as to be able to screw the threads of bolt TN  13  into the corresponding threads in hole TN  3  while the user holds finger grip TN  4  and TN  5 , thereby easily manipulating (moving the barrel nut TN  1  in and out or slightly tilting the barrel nut TN  1  within the hole) and/or freely turning the barrel nut TN  1  rotationally within hole TN  11  so as to align the holes and threads. 
     Once conventional barrel nuts are fit into a hole (such as hole TN  11 ), they are very difficult for the user to manipulate and position into true alignment with a bolt (such as bolt TN  13 ) as the head of the common barrel nut drops below the surface of material TN  10  and can not be held and easily manipulated by the user. 
     2. Drop-In Assembly of Back-Deck 
     Below is described a system of assembly of the futon back-deck  30  into position between the arm panels  10 . 
     Referring to FIGS. 4,  5 ,  7 ,  8  and  10  a back-deck  30  with side rails  31   a  and  31   c  which include runners  34  and  35  is set in between arm panels  10  while manually held in an approximately vertical position above tracks  14  (on each arm panel  10 ). Back-deck  30  is manually lowered until runner  34  comes to sit and be supported on track  14 . Runner  35  is then lifted and dropped into the slot formed by the mounted front and rear strips comprising track  15 . A cap (not shown) may be placed at the top of track  15  to prevent runner  35  from exiting track  15 . The back-deck  30  is now operational and ready to have the seat-deck  20  attached for use. In one exemplary embodiment, the tracks  14 ,  15  and runners  34 ,  35  are plastic. In another embodiment, the track  14 ,  15  and runners  34 ,  35  are outside the boundaries of the elements to which they are a part or attached. In another embodiment, track  14  is a single piece as illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 11 a . Disassembly is achieved easily using the same operation in reverse. 
     3. Hook-On Assembly of Seat Deck 
     Below is described a system of assembly of the futon seat-deck  20  to the back-deck  30  with ease, and without use of tools or hardware. A purpose of this invention being to allow the user to assemble the seat-deck to back-deck  30  easily without difficulties as earlier described. 
     Referring to FIGS. 7,  8 ,  8   a ,  12 , and  12   a , a notch  45  is positioned on block  40  in such a way as to allow sliding peg  51  to enter and be held in notch  45 . Sliding peg  51  is held in notch  45  so that the user, while lifting side rail  21   a  or  21   d  of seat-deck  20 , can support and pivot seat-deck  20  on sliding peg  51  and thereby raise and arc sliding peg  50  over the top of block  40  and bring sliding peg  50  over and down to seat into groove  43 , as illustrated in FIG. 12 a.    
     With sliding peg  50  seated in groove  43  the user can now rotate seat-deck  20  downward, now supported and pivoting on sliding peg  50  in groove  43 . With this motion, sliding peg  51  moves out of notch  45  and arcs over to fixed point  42   h . The seat-deck  20  is now in the locked position as depicted in FIGS. 9 c ( 1 )-( 3 ) and is ready for standard operation and conversion. The seat-deck  20  is now assembled and attached to back-deck  30 . Disassembly is achieved easily using the same operation in reverse. 
     4. Front Conversion Mechanism 
     Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, a wooden futon frame  1  includes a pair of spaced-apart stationary arm panels  10  and a pair of spaced-apart and parallel stretcher rails  8  and  9  extending along a width-wise direction between the stationary arm panels  10 . Each stationary arm panel  10  includes a pair of legs  11  and  12  that extend from an arm-rest  13  to the floor. The legs  11  and  12  of each of the stationary arm panels  10  are spaced apart along a depth-wise direction, transverse to the width-wise direction. Stretcher rails  8  and  9  are associated with each stationary arm panel  10  and extend between the legs  11  and  12 , parallel to the width-wise direction. 
     The seat-deck  20  includes a plurality of rails, the ends of which are coupled together, forming a boundary and enclosing a region  23 , and a plurality of slats  22 . Although the boundary may be of any shape desired, it is preferred that boundary have a rectangular region. To that end, the seat-deck  20  includes four rails  21   a ,  21   b ,  21   c  and  21   d . Rails  21   a  and  21   c  are spaced-apart and extend parallel to each other, with rails  21   b  and  21   d  extending transverse thereto. Rails  21   b  and  21   d  are spaced apart and extend parallel to each other. The slats  23  extend between rails  21   b  and  21   d.    
     The back-deck  30  includes a plurality of rails, which are attached together in a fashion similar to the rails of the seat-deck  20 , discussed above. Specifically, the ends of the rails are coupled together, forming a boundary enclosing an area  33 , and a plurality of slats  32 . Although the area  33  may be of any shape desired, it is preferred that area  33  have a rectangular shape. To that end, the back-deck  30  includes four rails  31   a ,  31   b ,  31   c  and  31   d . Rails  31   a  and  31   c  are spaced-apart and extend parallel to each other, with rails  31   b  and  31   d  extending transverse thereto. Rails  31   b  and  31   d  are spaced-apart and extend parallel to each other, with the slats  32  extending between rails  31   b  and  31   d.    
     The seat-deck  20  is pivotally coupled to the back-deck  30  using the plurality of grooves and pegs of this invention as described in this discussion. The coupling is adapted to allow the frame to move between open and closed positions. In the closed position, seat and back decks  20  and  30  sit in different planes relative to each other with the seat-deck  20  resting on stretcher rail  8  in a roughly horizontal plane. Back-deck  30  sits upright in a roughly vertical plane thereby forming a seating or sofa position. In the fully open position, seat and back decks  20  and  30  lie in a common plane, with the angle therebetween measuring 180°. The back-deck  30  rests on the stretcher rail  9 , and the seat-deck  20  rests on the stretcher rail  8 . 
     In conventional futon frames, the conversion of the frame from closed position (seating) to open position (bed) and back again to the closed position is made difficult by the weight of the futon mattress and the weight of the wooden futon frame members, and also by the need for the user to move around the frame, front and back, lifting or pulling, as the user converts the frame though the various converting steps. To provide ease and convenience to the user, it is preferred that the user stand only at the front of futon frame  1  when converting between any and all positions. To further provide ease and convenience to the user it is also preferred that there be the addition of a mechanism to assist the user with the conversion, giving the user more control, and giving more balance to the frame parts by locking seat and back rests  20  and  30  in balanced locked positions relative to each other. 
     Below are described a rubber block  40  and pegs  50  and  51  which, when combined and operated in the described manner, create a mechanism that allows the user to convert the frame standing only at the front, and convert the frame with more control and ease than conventional futon frames. 
     Referring to FIGS. 6-8 a , a rubber block  40 , configured with grooves, is mounted on the inside face of the back-deck rails  31   a  and  31   c , fastened with screws or other means (or integral to rails  31   a ,  31   c ), positioned at the far lower end of rails  31   a  and  31   c . Shown more clearly in FIGS. 8 and 8 a , the four outer edges of rubber block  40  are identified as  41 -A at the top,  41 -B at the front,  41 -C at the bottom and  41 -D at the rear. Additionally a series of fixed points are indicated in FIGS. 8 and 8 a , including fixed points  42   a ,  42   b ,  42   c ,  42   d ,  42   e ,  42   f ,  42   g ,  42   h  and  42   i.    
     Grooves cut into in rubber block  40  include groove  44  that starts from the lower edge  41 -C and rises towards the horizontal center line of the block  40  at an angle that inclines gently towards the front of block  40 . At the middle of block  40 , groove  44  turns horizontally towards the front of rubber block  40  to form a closed end at fixed point  42   f . Additionally, at the bottom rear corner of the groove  44 , an indentation at fixed point  42   h  is formed. 
     A second groove  43  starts at the top edge  41 -A of block  40 , starting as a gentle slope downward, passing fixed point  42   b , then dropping sharply, vertically, forming a short, vertical closed end at fixed point  42   a.    
     Starting from fixed point  42   b , moving towards the front of block  40 , groove  43  rises and becomes a retaining edge as it reaches outer edge  41 -A. Continuing forward, the retaining edge reaches outer edge  41 -A at about fixed point  42   d . At fixed point  42   d  the edge rolls sharply downwards, towards fixed point  42   e  along edge  41 -B at the front of the rubber block  40 . Fixed point  42   e  sits at the horizontal center line of block  40 . 
     The sliding pegs  50  and  51  are configured laterally along the center line on the outside face of rails  21   a  and  21   d  with peg  51  nearest the far lower end of rails  21   a  and  21   d  and peg  50  a few inches in, along the lateral line, from peg  51 . Pegs  50  and  51  can be formed from a variety of materials including wood, plastic and metal. Pegs  50  and  51  can also incorporate wheels or rolling surfaces to facilitate their movement through the grooves of block  40 . In this discussion the sliding pegs are assumed to be made of high density plastic. 
     To practice the present invention, pegs  50  and  51  are assembled into the grooves, and along the edges, of block  40  thereby mechanically joining seat-deck  20  with back-deck  30 . 
     Pegs  50  and  51  act alternately as pivot peg, moving peg or locked peg depending on the different positions they are moved into. One of the features of the present invention is that pegs  50  and  51  play alternating roles, with one peg  50  or  51  moving while the other peg  50  or  51  is locked or pivots. Additionally both pegs  50  and  51  may be in motion, or may be both locked in a fixed position, at a given time. 
     Description of the Motion and Mechanics in One Exemplary Embodiment of the Present Invention 
     Description of the motion and mechanics of the present invention starts with the futon frame  1  configured in the open position with seat-deck  20  and back-deck  30  laid out horizontally as a bed in an common plane, with rails  31   d  and  21   b  representing the adjacent parallel sides, and sitting over and supported by stretcher rails  8  and  9 , and fitting between the stationary arm panels  10  and joined at the union of pegs  50  and  51  with the rubber block  40 . 
     There are three positions available to the user of the futon frame  1  which are created by the relative positioning between the seat-deck  20  and back-deck  30 . These three positions include “bed” (open horizontal position), “lounge” (a partially raised position allowing the user to comfortably recline) and “sofa” (the ‘closed’, fully upright seating position). 
     FIGS. 9 a ( 1 )-( 3 )—Position I (Bed Position) 
     As illustrated in FIGS. 9 a ( 1 )-( 3 ), sliding peg  51  sits at fixed point  42   f  in groove  44  in rubber block  40 , and is locked in place by the position of sliding peg  50  which is fixed and restrained from lateral movement due to it&#39;s contact with fixed point  42   e  at the front, outside edge  41 -B of block  40 . In this position peg  51  is the supporting pivot peg and peg  50  is the moveable peg. 
     FIGS. 9 b ( 1 )-( 2 )—Position II (Motion Position) 
     Moving out of position I, the user lifts the front of seat-deck  20  radially pivoting on peg  51  and thereby moving peg  50  past it&#39;s restrained position in position I and over fixed point  42   d , the upper front corner of block  40 , as illustrated in FIGS. 9 b ( 1 )-( 2 ). This action unlocks peg  51  and allows peg  51  to be released downward in groove  44  without further effort from the user. 
     FIGS. 9 c ( 1 )-( 2 )—Position III (Transitional Lock Position) 
     As illustrated in FIGS. 9 c ( 1 )-( 2 ), sliding peg  50  now sits in fixed point  42   a , the end point of groove  43 . Sliding peg  51  has exited groove  44  and is sitting in the indentation at fixed point  42   h . The natural weight of seat-deck  20  causes seat-deck  20  to rotate forward slightly, pivoting on sliding peg  50 , causing sliding peg  51  to lock into the indentation at fixed point  42   h . This lock position restrains seat-deck  20  from further downward rotation. In this position sliding peg  50  is the supporting pivot peg and sliding peg  51  is rotated into it&#39;s lock point at fixed point  42   h.    
     FIGS. 9 d ( 1 )-( 3 )—Position IV (Levering Position) 
     To move from position III, through position IV, to reach position V, the user levers the front of seat-deck  20  downward, as illustrated in FIGS. 9 a ( 1 )-( 3 ). This action uses plastic runners  34 , which are fit into the grooves  14  in arm panels  10 , as the pivot points. Seat-deck  20  and back-deck  30 , which are locked together, are thereby rotated together as one resulting in the seat-deck  20  being levered downwards and back-deck  30  being lifted upwards (as runner  35  slides upwards in track  15 ). In this position both sliding peg  50  and sliding peg  51  are locked and do not move in relation to rubber block  40 . 
     FIGS. 9 e ( 1 )-( 3 )—Position V (Lounge Position) 
     As illustrated in FIGS. 9 e ( 1 )-( 3 ), in position V there is again no change in the relative positions of sliding pegs  50  and  51 . They remain in their locked position, locking seat-deck  20  and back-deck  30  at a fixed relative angle to each other. Once seat-deck  20  has fully rotated downward and sits on stretcher rail  8  the seating position has reached the “lounge” position. 
     In this position both sliding peg  50  and sliding peg  51  are still locked and do not move in relation to rubber block  40 . 
     FIGS. 9 f ( 1 )-( 3 )—Position VI (Sofa Position) 
     To move to position VI “sofa” position from Position V “lounge” position the user pushes seat-deck  20  inwards, towards the back. This causes plastic runner  34  to roll into to its lower most position in groove  14  and also causes runner  35  to move into its uppermost position in groove  15 . This brings back-deck  30  fully up to the “sofa” position, as illustrated in FIGS. 9 f ( 1 )-( 3 ). 
     As the seating position changes from “lounge” to “sofa” sliding peg  51  moves across the mouth of groove  44  from fixed point  42   h  to fixed point  42 I. 
     Sliding peg  50  stays in its position at fixed point  42   b  and is held in place due to the position of sliding peg  51 , which is restrained from any forward movement due to its contact with the outer edge  41 -C. 
     In this position sliding peg  50  is the supporting pivot point and sliding peg  51  is the moving peg. 
     FIGS. 9 g ( 1 )-( 3 )—Position VII (Release Position) 
     To move out of position VI “sofa” position, returning to “lounge” position (now Position VIII), the user lifts up on seat-deck  20  and pulls forward. 
     As the user lifts the seat-deck  20  as described above, sliding peg  51  moves further downward along outer surface  41 -C where it continues to be restrained from forward movement and continues thereby to lock sliding peg  50 , now even more tightly. 
     The user can now pull forward with confidence that the pegs will not slip or partially release, thereby avoiding the problems of ‘early release’ or ‘jamming’ as described in items  3  and  4  in the Background. 
     As illustrated in FIGS. 9 g ( 1 )-( 3 ), in this position sliding peg  50  is the supporting pivot peg and sliding peg  51  rotates lower in its locked position. 
     FIGS. 9 h ( 1 )-( 3 )—Position VIII (Levering (or Lounge) Position) 
     Moving from position VII to Position VIII, as seat-deck  20  moves forward and upward (rolling the plastic runners  34  back up the grooves  14  in the arm panels  10 ) the back-deck  30  falls, rotating downward, pivoting on sliding peg  50 , as illustrated in FIGS. 9 h ( 1 )-( 3 ). 
     As the back-deck  30  falls, sliding peg  51  moves back into the indentation at fixed point  42   h , and thereby returns to the locked position. In this position the user can drop the seat-deck down onto stretcher rail  8  returning to the “lounge” position (Position V). 
     Alternatively, the user can continue lifting the seat-deck upward, returning to the transitional locked position (Position III and Position IX). 
     FIGS. 9 i ( 1 )-( 2 )—Position IX (Transitional Lock Position) 
     With sliding pegs  50  and  51  remaining in their locked position in rubber block  40 , the user has lifted seat-deck  20  upward to near vertical, at the same time levered and lowered the back-deck  30 , in a fully controlled drop, onto stretcher rail  9 , as illustrated in FIGS. 9 i ( 1 )-( 2 ). 
     Position IX is identical to Position III. 
     FIGS. 9 j ( 1 )-( 3 )—Position X (Release Position) 
     To release the lock, the user lifts seat-deck  20  upward to release sliding peg  50  out of the end point of groove  43  at fixed point  42   a , and over fixed point  42   b . Sliding peg  51  releases naturally, with the lifting of the seat-deck  20 , and moves out of the indentation fixed point  42   h , and moves upward along groove  44 , as illustrated in FIGS. 9 j ( 1 )-( 3 ). 
     FIGS. 9 k ( 1 )-( 3 )—Position XI (Motion Position) 
     Position XI is a transitional motion position as the seat-deck  20  drops down to meet stretcher rail  8  and rest in the “bed” position. 
     As sliding peg  50  rolls over fixed point  42   d  and travels along the retaining edge of outer edge  41 -B it naturally lifts sliding peg  51  up along groove  44 , as illustrated in FIGS. 9 k ( 1 )-( 3 ). As sliding peg  50  reaches fixed point  42   e  it pulls sliding peg  51  tightly into its lock position at fixed point  42   f . The frame has now returned to Position I. 
     It is noted that although the present invention has been described above as including runners, rollers, pegs, pins or other protrusions on certain elements and tracks, ledges, grooves, notches, hooks, hooks-notches or other openings, on other interacting elements, the location of the runners, rollers, pegs, or pins or other protrusions could be reversed with the positions of the tracks, ledges, grooves, notches, hooks, hooks-notches or other openings, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
     As also identified above, although the present invention is generally directed to a futon sofa bed and various sub-assemblies thereof, including numerous features and variations thereof, the present invention is not to be limited by any specific combination of features and/or variations. In particular, each feature or variation thereon, may be utilized separately or in combination with any of the other features or variations described above. 
     The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.