Abstract:
Methods and arrangements are provided that can be used to identify users to an operating system during initialization through an advanced graphical user interface (GUI). The resulting GUI can be visually compelling and functional while advantageously remaining easy for the developer to create, maintain and modify. A markup language rendering engine is loaded substantially near the beginning of an operating system initialization procedure, and provided with markup language code that solicits at least one user input associated with a user logon process when rendered by the markup language rendering engine. The markup language code can be written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Dynamic HTML, eXtensible Markup Language (XML), eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), etc.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     This application is a continuation of and priority is claimed to co-pending United States Patent Application having Ser. No. 09/539,231 and a filing date of Mar. 30 th , 2000 for “Methods And Arrangements For Providing A Mark-Up Language Based Graphical User Interface For User Identification To An Operating System” of Sierra et al., which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/170,955, filed Dec. 15, 1999 (Applicant&#39;s Docket Number 149399.1, entitled “Web-Based User Interface For User Identification To The Operating System”, express mailing label number EL425348720US). This co-pending non-provisional United States Patent Application is commonly assigned herewith and is hereby incorporated herein by reference for all that it discloses. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND  
       [0002]     Computer systems are often protected by a logon program and/or other subsequent authentication programs that determine whether a user has permission to access certain computer system resources. By way of example, a networked computer may require that a user input a valid user name and password before the user is allowed to access network resources. Similarly, a Web site on the World Wide Web (WWW) portion of the Internet or on an intranet may require a valid user ID and password before the user is allowed to gain further access to various resources.  
         [0003]     Controlling user access is not limited to networked computers. A single computer that is accessed by several users may also need to limit access to files and/or various programs therein. Thus, for example, in a home environment, a parent may decide to limit a child&#39;s access to the computer entirely, certain programs and/or certain data. Similarly, in a business environment, certain users may have limited access.  
         [0004]     Controlling access to computers as described above is well known. Typically, there is an initial logon program or the like that requests user input, receives the user input and determines if the user is allowed access. Once the user has been authenticated, then other programs are allowed to operate. For example, in a networked operating system environment, during the booting-up of a personal computer (PC) or like device connected to the network, the user is typically presented with a modal dialog requesting a user name and associated password. In this example, the modal dialog is displayed by the network&#39;s logon program. For a single PC, a logon program associated with the operating system may display a similar modal dialog.  
         [0005]     In either case, the modal dialog tends to be tightly integrated within the logon program code of the network software and/or operating system software. As a result, it is often difficult and expensive to significantly alter the modal dialog or otherwise to introduce new functional and nonfunctional features, such as those typically associated with conventional graphical user interfaces (GUIs).  
         [0006]     Thus, there is need for improved methods and arrangements that provide enriched techniques for identifying users to an operating system. Preferably, the methods and arrangements will allow for a more advanced GUI to be presented to the user, while also remaining easy for the developer to maintain and modify.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0007]     The present invention includes various methods and arrangements that can be implemented to identify users to an operating system through an advanced graphical user interface (GUI). The resulting GUI can be visually compelling and functional while advantageously remaining easy for the developer to create, maintain and modify.  
         [0008]     Thus, for example, the above stated needs and others are met by a method that includes arranging for a markup language rendering engine to be loaded substantially near the beginning of an operating system initialization procedure, and providing markup language code suitable for use with the markup language rendering engine. The markup language is capable of soliciting at least one user input associated with a user logon process when rendered by the markup language rendering engine.  
         [0009]     With the above example in mind, in accordance with certain implementations, a logon screen, for example, can be rendered from code written in Dynamic HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), eXtensible Markup Language (XML), eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), or the like.  
         [0010]     For the logon screen to be most effective upon initializing the computer, there will usually be a need to render the associated markup language file(s) early during the initialization stage. Accordingly, in certain implementations, the markup language rendering engine is loaded very near the beginning of the initialization of the operating system.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0011]     A more complete understanding of the various methods and arrangements of the present invention may be had by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:  
         [0012]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram depicting an exemplary computer system.  
         [0013]      FIG. 2  depicts an exemplary mark-up language based graphical user interface suitable for use in the computer system of  FIG. 1  in identifying users to the operating system.  
         [0014]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart depicting an exemplary process for identifying users to the operating system using a mark-up language based graphical user interface. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0015]     As shown in  FIG. 1 , computer  20  includes one or more processors or processing units  21 , a system memory  22 , and a bus  23  that couples various system components including the system memory  22  to processors  21 . Bus  23  represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.  
         [0016]     The system memory includes read only memory (ROM)  24  and random access memory (RAM)  25 . A basic input/output system (BIOS)  26 , containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer  20 , such as during start-up, is stored in ROM  24 .  
         [0017]     Computer  20  further includes a hard disk drive  27  for reading from and writing to a hard disk, not shown, a magnetic disk drive  28  for reading from and writing to a removable magnetic disk  29 , and an optical disk drive  30  for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk  31  such as a CD ROM, DVD ROM or other optical media. The hard disk drive  27 , magnetic disk drive  28  and optical disk drive  30  are each connected to bus  23  by applicable interfaces  32 ,  33  and  34 , respectively.  
         [0018]     The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for computer  20 . Although the exemplary environment described herein employs a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk  29  and a removable optical disk  31 , it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of computer readable media which can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, random access memories (RAMs) read only memories (ROM), and the like, may also be used in the exemplary operating environment.  
         [0019]     A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk, magnetic disk  29 , optical disk  31 , ROM  24 , or RAM  25 , including an operating system  35 , one or more application programs  36 , other program modules  37 , and program data  38 . A user may enter commands and information into computer  20  through input devices such as keyboard  40  and pointing device  42 . Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are connected to the processing unit  21  through an interface  46  that is coupled to bus  23 .  
         [0020]     A monitor  47  or other type of display device is also connected to bus  23  via an interface, such as a video adapter  48 . In addition to the monitor, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown) such as speakers and printers.  
         [0021]     Computer  20  can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer  50 . Remote computer  50  may be another personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to computer  20 . The logical connections depicted in  FIG. 2  include a local area network (LAN)  51  and a wide area network (WAN)  52 . Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets, and the Internet.  
         [0022]     When used in a LAN networking environment, computer  20  is connected to the local network  51  through a network interface or adapter  156 . When used in a WAN networking environment, computer  20  typically includes a modem  54  or other means for establishing communications over the wide area network  52 , such as the Internet. Modem  54 , which may be internal or external, is connected to bus  23  via interface  46 . In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the personal computer  20 , or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.  
         [0023]     Reference is now made to  FIG. 2 , which depicts an exemplary mark-up language based graphical user interface (GUI) display suitable for use in identifying users to the operating system of computer  20 . Here, a logon screen  100  is shown as having a first title area  102  that identifies logon screen  100 . Logon screen  100  may take up be a full screen of display  47  or a portion thereof. As shown, first title area  102  can include any graphical feature (e.g., bitmap, photo, video, text, etc).  
         [0024]     Logon screen  100  also includes a single/multiple user logon area  104  wherein the user is presented with selectable user identifiers and related information and permitted to input certain data. In this example, logon area  104  is configured for five different users, namely, Billy, Christopher, Pat, Suzie, and William; each being identified by a text identifier  110  and graphical identifier  112 . Thus, William may begin logging on to the operating system by selecting either text identifier  110 , graphical identifier  112 . If William has an established password, then a password input field  114  is displayed and configured to receive his input (i.e., password). Once William&#39;s password has been authenticated then William is logged on. If William does not have an established password, then he  11  would be logged on after selecting text identifier  110  or graphical identifier  112 .  
         [0025]     Logon screen  100  can also be configured to display other user related information  116  to a user. In this example, user related information  116  identifies that Suzie has ten (10) new messages.  
         [0026]     A second title area  106  is shown in this example along the left hand border of logon screen  100 . Here, second title area  106  identifies the computer as the “Den Computer”. A selectable shut down mechanism  108  is also provided to allow a user to shut down the computer.  
         [0027]     With the above example in mind, in accordance with certain implementations, logon screen  100  is a mark-up language based GUI. For example, a Dynamic HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) can be used to create logon screen  100 . Dynamic HTML provides a mechanism to include a wide variety of functional as well as non-functional features to logon screen  100 . Other types of mark-up languages and the like may also be used to define logon screen  100 . For example, eXtensible Markup Language (XML), eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) or Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) may be used.  
         [0028]     For logon screen  100  to be effective upon initializing computer  20 , there is a need to render the associated markup language file(s) early during the initialization stage. Accordingly, a markup language rendering engine (i.e., program) is loaded very near the beginning of the initialization of the operating system. Such rendering engines are well known. An exemplary markup language rendering engine is provided within Microsoft Internet Explorer ( 1 E).  
         [0029]     Dynamic HTML allows developers to create very attractive and colorful user interfaces. Thus, logon screen  100  may incorporate graphics and animations easily, while scripting complex behaviors, such as defining what happens when a user clicks on their name. The logon screen can be multi-layered and scaled to work with different resolutions. Additionally, complex graphical visual effects, such as, e.g., alpha blending, can be employed to create fades and transparencies that would be very difficult to implement in a traditional modal dialog interface.  
         [0030]     By using a markup language and preloading the markup language rendering engine in the logon context, developers can advantageously prototype and generate dynamic user interfaces quickly and at a lower cost than would be required to significantly modify a conventional modal dialog. Thus, conceivably, each computer may have its own custom logon screen.  
         [0031]     Having the ability to rapidly create and prototype logon screen designs will also make it easy for users to agree on what they like. For example, by changing the Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and Dynamic HTML templates, developers can quickly change the logon screen without affecting the logon program code  
         [0032]     Reference is now made to  FIG. 3 , which is a flowchart depicting an exemplary process  200  for identifying users to the operating system using a mark-up language based GUI.  
         [0033]     In step  202 , the logon program is initiated. This would occur upon rebooting computer  20 , for example. Next, in step  204 , a separate process, having a markup language rendering engine, is spawned to host the markup language content.  
         [0034]     In step  206 , the separate process retrieves user data from the operating system or elsewhere. The user data can include a listing of users, associated text identifiers  110 , graphical identifiers  112 , a password enabled identifier, and possibly, a password hint data (if enabled). Next, in step  208 , the markup language rendering engine displays logon screen  100  along with applicable portions of the user data.  
         [0035]     In step  210  the markup language rendering engine collects user inputs. This can include user mouse clicks, user typed text, audio commands, and/or other acceptable forms of user input. In the example of  FIG. 2 , William would select text identifier  110  or graphical identifier  112 . Assuming that William has established a password (i.e., password is enabled), then he would need to enter his password.  
         [0036]     Next, in step  212 , the user inputs (e.g., user name and password) are provided to the logon program. In step  214 , the logon program attempts to authenticate the user. If the user is authenticated, then a user desktop and/or workspace is created and subsequently displayed on display  47 . If the user is not authenticated in step  214 , then process  200  would return to either step  208 , step  210 , or otherwise handle the failed attempted logon.  
         [0037]     Process  200  can be implemented, for example, within a Microsoft Windows operating system environment using Dynamic HTML and available interfaces. Thus, a logon process, known as WinLogon, spawns a separate process to host the Dynamic HTML content. When WinLogon launches the separate process, it provides a mechanism to communicate with WinLogon so that the HTML interface can ask WinLogon to authenticate the user and start their desktop session. The Dynamic HTML code then makes calls to an ActiveX control or like applet that communicates with the operating system to determine the list of users, the picture to associate with the user, a password hint if one was configured by the user and whether the user has a password configured. The user then selects their picture or name, for example, and types in their password (if needed), after which the HTML code calls the ActiveX control with the user name and password. The ActiveX control then passes this information back to WinLogon where the authentication takes place. If the user is authenticated, then WinLogon creates the user&#39;s desktop and switches to it. At this point, the Dynamic HTML process is finished. Thereafter, the rendering engine may remain loaded or may be terminated.  
         [0038]     Although some preferred embodiments of the various methods and arrangements of the present invention have been illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the foregoing Detailed Description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth and defined by the following claims.