Abstract:
The present invention proposes new method(s) and apparatus(es) used for request and allocation of uplink transmission resource in wireless access network, which enables the mobile terminal to use non-contention resources closely spaced on time domain to trigger or adjust reallocation of uplink resource, so that quick response of the base station to the resource allocation request of a mobile terminal is effectively realized, and the demand of delay sensitive service is satisfied.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to wireless access networks, more specifically, to methods and apparatuses, in a wireless access network, for requesting and handling uplink resource allocation. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     IEEE 802.16m protocol requests that service delay should be further reduced as compared to the current IEEE 802.16e to better support delay-sensitive services, such as voice service, real-time gaming, real-time video stream service or high priority E-commerce, etc. Those delay-sensitive services usually require a data delay between BS and MS less than 10 ms in uplink and downlink directions. 
     There are several existing bandwidth request and allocation mechanisms in IEEE 802.16e protocols, such as Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS), real-time Polling Service (rtPS), and Extended rtPS (ertPS). 
     The resource allocation manner of UGS technology is shown in  FIG. 1 , wherein a mobile terminal doesn&#39;t need to request any resource, instead, after the establishment and before the end of a service, the base station automatically allocates predefined resource, such as time-frequency resource block, for the service of the mobile terminal after the startup of each allocation cycle. Wherein, for established service which is not ended, taking voice telephone service as example, when both parties involved do not speak during the communication, there is no uplink transmission between the mobile terminal and its dominating base station, however, the service is still active and is allocated with resources, namely, if one party begins to speak, the other party will hear its speech immediately. The voice telephone service won&#39;t end until, one party hangs up or severe signal problem or network fault comes forth. 
     Wherein, in case that each allocation cycle of UGS comprises a number of physical layer frames, the above resource allocation manner of UGS could be comprehended as following: allocating a time-frequency section in one, several or all of the uplink sub frames to the mobile terminal for the transmission of the uplink service data belonging to the service. 
     It is thus clear that, UGS meets the demands of real-time services concerning delay well, however, this manner similar to static allocation undoubtedly causes relatively serious resource waste, since the uplink service data is not transmitted all the time after the establishment of the service. 
     Different from UGS, rtPS enables the base station to allocate variable amount of resource to a mobile terminal for a service, as shown in  FIG. 2 . The base station allocates resource for sending bandwidth request (BR) message and resource for sending uplink service data after the beginnings of each allocation cycle. Hereinafter, the sum of the two kinds of resources is referred to as uplink transmission resource. 
     Wherein, a mobile terminal could generate the BR message according to the amount of its actually cached uplink service data to be transmitted, and report the BR message to the base station. The base station could dynamically adjust the uplink transmission resource allocated to the mobile terminal for the service according to the received BR message, which is in fact to adjust the amount of the part, in the uplink transmission resource, for transmitting the uplink service data. 
     Thus, rtPS optimizes the utilization of resource over UG. However, rtPS causes more signaling overhead, since it requires a mobile terminal to continually send BR messages (with a size of 6 bytes) to the base station. 
     The ertPS scheme, based on periodic allocation for uplink transmission resource, unites the advantages of UGS and rtPS. As shown in  FIG. 3   a , the ertPS scheme doesn&#39;t only enable the base station to allocate resource to a mobile terminal without request as in UGS, so that the demand of delay is satisfied, but also allows the mobile terminal to let the base station adjust the amount of resource periodically allocated to it by means of requests. For example, a mobile terminal writes its expected new resource allocation amount into the Extended Piggyback Request field in a Grant Management Subheader (GMSH) following to a Generic MAC header, or into the Bandwidth Request field, i.e. the BR message, in a MAC header having the function of resource request. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the BR message, aperiodically sent in the resource block shared by uplink service data and BR message allocated by the base station, respectively affects the amount of uplink transmission resource allocated to the service in one or more following allocation cycles. 
     Wherein, the base station won&#39;t change allocation concerning a mobile terminal until it receives a new request of requiring changing the amount of allocated resource from the mobile terminal. 
     During an allocation cycle, if the standby uplink service data of a mobile terminal is fully transmitted, the mobile terminal will request the base station to adjust the amount of allocated resource to zero, so as to provisionally release the resource occupied by the service. Subsequently, the service comes into silent status. And then, the base station could allocate resource to neither the uplink service data nor the BR message, or could only allocate resource to the BR message. Wherein the resource allocated to BR message is dedicated to the service of the mobile terminal, namely non-contention resources. In case that the base station allocates the above non-content ion resources to BR message, when the standby uplink service data belonging to the service of the mobile terminal comes forth again, the mobile terminal will generate a BR message and send it to the base station by means of the non-contention resources, so as to inform the base station that the service ends the silent status and the base station should periodically allocate uplink transmission resource to it again. 
     On the contrary, in case that the base station does not allocate resource to BR message, when the standby uplink service data belonging to the service comes forth again, in order to inform the base station about it so that the base station could allocate corresponding resource to the mobile terminal, the following schemes could be adopted by the mobile terminal according to existing ertPS scheme:
         to send CDMA code for competing for resource by use of contention resources       

     The so called contention resources are those resources without specific occupier, and available to be competed for by multiple mobile terminals. Because wireless transmission resource is very valuable, each mobile terminal generally uses some information with small size and function of identity identifier or even service identifier, such as CDMA code, to compete for the usufruct of contention resources, instead of using an entire data packet as in wire communication protocol CSMA/CD. 
     With reference to  FIG. 3   b , wherein, a mobile terminal requests uplink transmission resource from the base station via BR message v, accordingly, the base station allocates resource block w to the mobile terminal for transmission standby uplink service data x′ and the next BR message y′. When x′ is carried by w, there is no standby service data in the buffer of the mobile terminal, therefore, resource requested by the mobile terminal in y′ is zero. For example, it is a typical condition of a voice communication service coming into silent status on uplink that the user of the mobile terminal does not speak. 
     Thus the service of the mobile terminal comes into silent status, and the base station no longer allocates uplink service data transmission resource to the service or non-contention resources to BR message. In conjunction with the above example of voice communication service, when the user of the mobile terminal speaks again, standby data l′ will be locally generated, therefore the mobile terminal transmits, on the preassigned ranging channel m′, a CDMA code n′ for competing for non-contention resources, to request for the usufruct of non-contention resources. Since contention resources are obviously deficient compared to the amount of information of resource requests sent the services of a large numbers of mobile terminals, it is likely to happen that multiple mobile terminals compete for the usufruct of contention resources at the same time, accordingly, it is likely that one or more mobile terminals could not take the chance of using contention resources at the very first time, thereby the mobile terminal needs to retransmit the CDMA code n′ on the ranging channel many a time. The delay caused therefrom is usually as tens of times long as the upper limit of acceptable delay of delay sensitive services. 
     In the case as shown in  FIG. 3   b , the mobile terminal successfully take the usufruct of contention resources, therefore the base station allocates resource o′ to it for transmitting BR message, the mobile terminal accordingly transmits BR message p′ to the base station, and finally obtain resource block q′. At the beginning of the next allocation cycle, the base station will allocate a resource block r′ of default size for the service of the mobile terminal, for transmitting new standby data s′ and new BR message t′.
         to send identifier code for requesting to restart allocation of uplink transmission resource by use of CQICH       

     CQICH is the channel exclusively used for reporting the information such as the reception quality of downlink signal by the mobile terminal, and when the base station receives the identifier code transmitted by the mobile terminal on such channel(s), the base station will reallocate uplink transmission resource to the mobile terminal. 
     However, there exist some condition(s) for a mobile terminal to use CQICH, so that the appearance frequency of CQICH could not usually satisfy the strict demands of delay sensitive services, thus occurs unacceptable delay. 
     The above solutions in prior arts have respective defects summarized as following: 
     1. UGS 
     Certain amount of uplink transmission resource is allocated for service in each allocation cycle, although the delay demand of service is satisfied, the utilization efficiency of resource is sacrificed. No matter whether there is standby uplink service data in a period of time, certain amount of resource is occupied, so that the whole resource efficiency of the system is very low. 
     2. rtps 
     The amount of allocated resource could be dynamically adjusted compared to UGS and resource waste is decreased, but the mobile terminal must send a BR message in each allocation cycle, frequent transmission of BR messages causes comparatively high signaling overhead, which obviously does no good to resource efficiency. 
     3. ertPS 
     The ertPS based on periodic allocation as shown in  FIG. 3   a  has the basically same defect as that of UGS, namely the resource waste is relatively severe. 
     The ertPS with competition as shown in  FIG. 3   b  has the defect that, when a mobile terminal send CDMA code for competing for contention resources by use of ranging channel, it may not obtain allocated resource or at least may not obtain allocated resource in time due to competition failure, so as to cause big delay, even to cause service interruption. When a mobile terminal uses CQICH to carry identifier code for requesting uplink transmission resource allocation, the high demand concerning delay of delay sensitive service could not usually be satisfied since CQICH is sparsely distributed along the time axis, 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Since the above problems exist in prior arts, a new method of uplink resource allocation in a wireless access network is proposed in the present invention, wherein non-contention resources closely spaced on time domain being used by the mobile terminal to trigger or adjust reallocation of uplink resource, so that quick response of the base station to the resource allocation request of a mobile terminal is effectively realized, and the demand of delay sensitive service is satisfied. 
     According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, in a base station of the wireless access network, of handling uplink resource allocation, comprising a step of: allocating at least one uplink resource request indication information to a service of a mobile terminal, and allocating sending resources to the mobile terminal for sending corresponding uplink resource request indication information; wherein, services of different mobile terminals and different services of the same mobile terminal will be allocated with different uplink resource request indication information and/or different sending resources by the base station, and the allocated sending resource enables the mobile terminal to send at least one the uplink resource request indication information to the base station within the longest permissible delay of the service when the mobile terminal needs to send uplink service data; the method further comprises steps of: receiving at least one the uplink resource request indication information, which is for requesting the base station to allocate uplink transmission resource, sent by the mobile terminal by use of corresponding sending resource; and responding to the request of the mobile terminal. 
     According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, in a mobile terminal, of requesting a base station to allocate uplink transmission resource, comprising steps of: obtaining at least one uplink resource request indication information allocated by the base station to a service of the mobile terminal and sending resources for the mobile terminal to send corresponding uplink resource request indication information; wherein, the allocated sending resource enables the mobile terminal to send at least one the uplink resource request indication information to the base station within the longest permissible delay of the service, when the mobile terminal needs to send uplink service data; the method further comprises steps of: judging whether needing to request the base station to allocate the uplink transmission resource for the service; if needing to request the base station to allocate uplink transmission resource for the service, sending the allocated at least one the uplink resource request indication information to the base station by using corresponding sending resource. 
     According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a handling apparatus, in a base station of the wireless access network, for handling uplink resource allocation, comprising: an allocation means, for allocating at least one uplink resource request indication information to a service of a mobile terminal, and allocating sending resources to the mobile terminal for sending corresponding uplink resource request indication information; wherein, services of different mobile terminals and different services of the same mobile terminal will be allocated with different uplink resource request indication information and/or different sending resources by the base station, and the allocated sending resource enables the mobile terminal to send at least one the uplink resource request indication information to the base station within the longest permissible delay of the service when the mobile terminal needs to send uplink service data; the handling apparatus further comprises: a receiving means, for receiving at least one the uplink resource request indication information, which is for requesting the base station to allocate uplink transmission resource, sent by the mobile terminal by use of corresponding sending resource; a response means for responding to the request of the mobile terminal. 
     According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first requesting apparatus, in a mobile terminal, for requesting a base station to allocate uplink transmission resource, comprising: an obtaining means, for obtaining at least one uplink resource request indication information allocated by the base station to a service of the mobile terminal and sending resources for the mobile terminal to send corresponding uplink resource request indication information; wherein, the allocated sending resource enables the mobile terminal to send at least one the uplink resource request indication information to the base station within the longest permissible delay of the service, when the mobile terminal needs to send uplink service data; the first requesting apparatus further comprises: a judging means, for judging whether needing to request the base station to allocate uplink transmission resource for the service; a second requesting means for, if needing to request the base station to allocate uplink transmission resource for the service, sending at least one the uplink resource request indication information to the base station by using corresponding sending resource. 
     By using the methods and apparatuses provided in the present invention, the demand concerning delay of delay sensitive service could be effectively satisfied, besides, the present invention helps to increase the resource efficiency of system, and the system complexity is relatively low. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       With reference to the following detailed description of the non-restrictive embodiments in conjunction with the appendix drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent. 
         FIG. 1  shows the mode of uplink resource allocation in UGS technology; 
         FIG. 2  shows the mode of uplink resource request and allocation in rtPS technology; 
         FIG. 3   a - 3   b  shows the mode of uplink resource request and allocation in ertPS technology; 
         FIG. 4  shows the system flowchart of the method for requesting and allocating uplink transmission resource according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  shows the mode of uplink transmission resource request and allocation according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6  shows the mode of sending resource allocation according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7  shows the block diagram of a first handling apparatus, in a base station of the wireless access network, for handling uplink transmission resource allocation, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  shows the block diagram of a first requesting apparatus, in a mobile terminal, for requesting for uplink transmission resource, according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     Wherein, same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar steps or means (module). 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
     It is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, the solutions of the present invention described below are applied to either aperiodic real-time services or periodic real-time services or even non-real-time services. Besides, the specific resource request mode provided in the present invention not only could be used at the moment or in the duration that service gets out of silent status, but also could be used at other moments, namely, existing BR message could be replaced by uplink resource request indication information provided in the present invention, and the system could still work normally and is better than prior arts. 
     Description of Examples of Aperiodic Real-Time Service is Given as Below 
     In aperiodic real-time services, the base station and the mobile terminal can not foresee when uplink burst occurs, not to mention the size of the burst. According to an embodiment of the present invention, this type of services could be regarded as a process with on-off status, wherein, under on status, service data of corresponding service is generated in the mobile terminal and the mobile terminal cache it and request resource for sending it to the base station, while under off status, the mobile terminal has no data needing to be sent to the base station As mentioned above, it is wasteful for the base station to voluntarily allocate resource to the uplink service data or Br message of the service under the off status. 
     Once the service of the mobile terminal gets out of silent status, i.e. off status, an important task of the present invention is to enable the mobile terminal to request uplink transmission resource from the base station as early as possible, and to enable the base station to make active response as early as possible. 
       FIG. 4  shows the system flowchart of the method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that thereinto the step S 1  could have an execution cycle different from those of the other steps.  FIG. 5  shows the mode of uplink transmission resource request and al location according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method(s) provided in the present invention will be described in detail as below in conjunction with  FIG. 5  and with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
     In the step S 1 , the base station  10  allocates uplink resource request indication information and corresponding sending resource to a service, such as voice call service, of the mobile terminal  20 . This step commonly could be performed after the base station  10  receiving the uplink service establishment request from the mobile terminal  20 , wherein the allocated uplink resource request indication information could be CDMA code, which in specific could be gene rated by the PRBS (pseudo-random binary sequence) generator of the base station  10  similar to ranging code generator. In this embodiment, the base station allocates three different CDMA codes, denoted as I, II and III, to the service of the mobile terminal  20 . Accordingly, the base station  10  also needs to allocate sending resource, such as time-frequency resource, to the mobile terminal  20  for sending the three CDMA codes. As shown in  FIG. 6 , wherein, the sending resource composed by a time slot and a subcarrier is referred to as a resource point, therefore twelve resource points P 1  to P 12  are shown in  FIG. 6 . These resource points may all be used as contention resource in existing uplink transmission resource request and allocation mechanism, however, in this embodiment, P 11  and P 12  thereinto are used as non-contention resource, namely, the allocation of P 11  and P 12  is not based on the competition of mobile terminals, instead, the base station  10  suitably allocates them and corresponding uplink resource request indication information to at least one service at the beginning of establishment of the service or at a certain moment after the beginning. 
     In this invention, the suiting rules of sending resource and CDMA code have the following bases: 
     One: preferably, in order to ensure maximum decoding accuracy, the amount of CDMA codes using the same resource point generally does not exceed cross-correlation factor. Of course, if the resource points available to be used as the above sending resource are in shortage in the system, the preferable base could be broken in precondition that certain error rate is allowable. 
     Two: the combination of CDMA code, time slot and subcarrier differs from the original combination, as long as either one of CDMA code, time slot and subcarrier changes. In other words, the combination of CDMA code, time slot and subcarrier allocated to different services of a same mobile terminal could identify its corresponding service if only the combination achieves at least one of code division, time division and frequency division, so as to bring convenience to the accuracy of uplink transmission resource request. Of course, services of different mobile terminals are different, thus base two is apparently applied to differing services of different mobile terminals. 
     Three: according to base two, there may be the case that multiple different CDMA codes share a same resource point in the present invention, i.e. the pure code division multiplexing is adopted. It is readily comprehensible that, these different CDMA codes could either belong to a same service of a same mobile terminal or belong to different services of a same mobile terminal or even belong to services of different mobile terminals. however, it is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, in order to avoid interference, CDMA codes allocated in the same resource point should keep different from each other so as to achieve at least one of code division, time division and frequency division. 
     Four: still according to base two, in order to save CDMA code resource, the same CDMA code could forms multiple so-called information resource combination in conjunction with multiple different resource points, wherein the information denotes uplink resource request indication information, i.e. CDMA code, while the resource denotes time-frequency resource point in this embodiment. Multiple different combinations generated therefrom differ from each other by means of time division (occupying different time slots but using the same subcarrier) or frequency division (occupying different subcarriers but using the same time slot) or time division plus frequency division (occupying different time slots and using different subcarriers). Specific cases could be determined without creative work by those skilled in the art on basis of resource abundance degree according to the enlightenment of the teaching of the specification. These different combinations could either be allocated to different services, or be allocated to a same service for requesting different uplink transmission resource amount. 
     In this embodiment, the sending resource of codes I and II is the resource point P 11 , while the sending resource of codes III is the resource point P 12 . It is thus clear that, in this embodiment, codes I and II share the same resource point, and the corresponding information resource combinations are differed by different CDMA codes, while respective information resource combination of codes I and  11  differ from the information resource combination of code III and P 12  by means of code division and time division. Thus the three different information resource combinations corresponding to the same service come into being. 
     P 1  to P 10  as shown in  FIG. 6  are still used as contention resource for traditional initial ranging, handover ranging, periodic ranging and competition based bandwidth request. 
     In the WiMAX system adopting the present invention, the base station  10  could broadcast the attribute of each resource point, i.e. whether belonging to the sending resource of uplink resource request indication information mentioned in the present invention or belonging to traditional contention resource of P 1  to P 10  as shown in  FIG. 6 , to each mobile terminal via UL-MAP in the frame header. UL-MAP information could accordingly include the following description of P 11  and P 12 : position, structure, amount, etc. In order to save resource, the above resource point allocation result could be broadcasted only when its content changes instead of being broadcasted in each frame. Accordingly, the mobile terminal  20  preferably stores the allocation result broadcasted from the vase station  10 , and performs uplink transmission resource request and other operations according to the previous allocation result all along till the next new allocation comes. 
     In the step S 1 , the base station  10  could further generate a control message, which carries the CDMA code allocated to the mobile terminal  20  and the sending resource for the mobile terminal  20  to send this/these CDMA code(s). In the case as shown in  FIG. 6 , since the non-contention resource points P 11  and P 12  occupy the same subcarrier, and which subcarrier P 11  and P 12  use is known for the mobile terminal  20  according to UL-MAP information, the mobile terminal  20  only needs to know the suiting relationship between each CDMA code and the two time slots occupied by P 11  and P 12 . Therefore, in the control message, the base station  10  only needs to indicate the identifier information of the time slot corresponding to each CDMA code. 
     With reference to  FIG. 5 , wherein, the step S 1  as shown in  FIG. 4  preferably takes place before each event as shown in  FIG. 5 . In  FIG. 5 , as shown, the voice call service of the mobile terminal  20  requests the base station  10  to allocate resource for several times (under on status), before coming into the silent status as shown, and its standby uplink service data decreases time after time and finally returns to zero. Thus, the requested amount is zero in the BR message sent for the third time as shown. Preferably, when the service data in the cache of the mobile terminal  10  is zero and keeps for a period (such as a time length of a number of frames), the mobile terminal  10  could determine there is no data of the service needing to be sent temporarily, and the service could come into silent status. 
     Thus the service turns to silent for a period, at a certain moment afterwards, the user of the mobile terminal  20  speaks to the other party of the communication again, then, there is new standby uplink service data in the cache of the mobile terminal  20 , such as u shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     And then, in the step  32 , the mobile terminal  20  judges that it is needed to request to be allocated with uplink transmission resource. Therefore, in the step  53 , the mobile station  20  sends at least one CDMA code allocated by the base station  10  by using corresponding sending resource(s) to the base station  10 , to request the base station  10  to restart uplink transmission resource allocation for the service. 
     The detail description of multiple cases of the step S 3  is given as below: 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Example 1 is a simple and basic example, wherein, the base station  10  and the mobile terminal  20  did not make an agreement about any corresponding relationship between CDMA code and uplink transmission resource request amount, or between information resource combination and uplink transmission resource request amount. The CDMA code sent from the mobile terminal  20  by using the sending resource only indicates that the mobile terminal  20  has new standby uplink service data, and requires the base station  10  to allocate uplink transmission resource to the service, whereas how much resource to be allocated is determined by the base station  10 . According to an unrestrictive example of the present invention, the uplink transmission resource allocation amount determined by the base station  10  in the step S 4  could be expressed by the following equation: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     ∑ 
                     
                       i 
                       = 
                       1 
                     
                     N 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       a 
                       i 
                     
                     × 
                     
                       M 
                       i 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   1 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Wherein, M i  (i=1 . . . N) denotes the uplink transmission resource amount allocated to the service of the i-th time in the previous N times of allocating uplink transmission resource to the service, while α i  is a weighting coefficient less than 1 and bigger than 0, and 
                 ∑     i   =   1     N     ⁢     a   i       =   1.         
It is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, the idea in the equation (1) could also be applied to the following various cases.
 
     In case of example 1, it is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, in order to save CDMA code and time-frequency resource, the information resource combination allocated to a service of a mobile terminal is preferably unique. Once the base station receives specific CDMA code from a mobile terminal by using specific time-frequency resource, it knows that the mobile terminal is requesting resource allocation, and then performs corresponding allocation at once. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     The base station  10  and the mobile terminal  20  made an agreement about the uplink transmission resource request amounts corresponding to different CDMA codes. And then, preferably, as mentioned above, the base station  10  allocates multiple CDMA codes, i.e. I, II, III, to a service and allocates sending resource with respect to each code respectively. 
     In example 2, the base station  10  only cares about which CDMA code is sent from the mobile terminal, but does not care about by using which resource point the CDMA code is sent. In other words, although the base station  10  allocates multiple sending resources for a CDMA code, no matter which sending resource Is used by the mobile terminal  20  to send the CDMA code, in the subsequent step S 4 , as a feedback, the base station  10  allocates the same uplink transmission resource amount to the service. 
     In view of this, in order to save time-frequency resource, the base station  10  preferably allocates only one sending resource to each CDMA code. 
     Accordingly, different CDMA codes such as I, II and III preferable correspond to uplink transmission resource amount, and the base station  10  could informed the mobile terminal of this corresponding relationship when sending management messages. In this example, the purpose why the base station  10  allocates multiple CDMA codes (uplink resource request indication information) to the mobile terminal  20  is to enable the mobile terminal  20  to express the need of uplink transmission resource, if any, most definitely, so that the uplink transmission resource allocated to it by the base station  10  is as close to the need of the mobile terminal  20  as possible, to avoid waste. 
     In case that the data amount of u is 4500 bytes (4.5 kB), and the codes I, II and III correspond to the resource request amount of 1 kB, 2 kB and 3 kB respectively, therefore, the mobile terminal  20  preferably chooses the code III to send, and the service gets away from silent status, and then, the base station  10  could periodically allocate resource to the service in mode as shown In  FIG. 3   a . The position of 3 kB resource allocated by the base station  10  is depicted in UL-MAP in the header of a frame, most ideally, the mobile terminal  20  transmits uplink service data by using corresponding resource in the uplink subframe in the frame. If the allocation cycle of uplink transmission resource is composed of five frames, the resource amount could be used by the mobile terminal  20  for the service in each uplink subframe is 0.6 kB. And then, in the last uplink subframe of the cycle, the mobile terminal  20  sends the service data of the size of 0.594 kB together with a BR message of the size of 0.006 kB to the base station  10 . Wherein, the BR message is used for requesting the base station  10  to further allocate 1.512 kB resource to the service, wherein, 1.512 kB=4.5 kB−(3 kB−0.006 kB)+0.006 kB, namely the sum amount of the remainder standby uplink service data and a new BR message. 
     Therefore, most ideally, the BR message sent by the mobile terminal  20  could get response in the header of the next frame. After parsing the UL-MAP information thereinto, the mobile terminal  20  finds its usable uplink transmission resource and sends the remainder standby data frame after frame. Finally, in the last uplink subframe of the cycle, the mobile terminal  20  sends a new BR message together with the last part of uplink service data to the base station  10 . Wherein, the new BR message indicates that the uplink resource request amount for the service of the mobile terminal  20  is zero. Thus the service comes into silent status of uncertain period again. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     The base station  10  and the mobile terminal  20  made an agreement about the corresponding relationship between different information resource combinations and uplink resource request amounts. For better understanding, description is given as below by taking a more complex allocation mode of uplink resource request indication information and sending resource. Wherein, the base station  10  allocates codes I, II and III to a service of the mobile terminal  20 , the sending resource of code I being P 11  and P 12 , the sending resource of code II being P 11 , the sending resource of code III being P 12 . 
     Therefore, each of codes II and III has one sending resource respectively, but code I has two. In this example, different from example 2, which sending resource the mobile terminal uses to send code I is different for the base station  10 . An exemplary corresponding relationship between different information resource combinations and uplink resource request amounts is given in table 1: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 matching relationship between information resource combinations 
               
               
                 and uplink transmission resource request amounts 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 information resource 
                 uplink resource 
               
               
                   
                 combination 
                 request amount 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 code I, P11 
                 1 kB 
               
               
                   
                 code I, P12 
                 2 kB 
               
               
                   
                 code II, P11 
                 3 kB 
               
               
                   
                 code III, P12 
                 4 kB 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Therefore, when u as shown in  FIG. 5  occurs, the mobile terminal chooses to send code III in P 12 , so as to obtain maximum resource amount allocated by the base station  10 . The rest resource part needed is further obtained by sending another BR message. It is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, the BR message generated for the rest service data, which is not transmitted yet in 5 kB, could also be replaced by a CDMA code sent In specified sending resource. Since the rest service data amount is 1 kB, the mobile terminal  20  sends code I in P 11  by the end of the allocation cycle, thus the base station will allocate 1 kB of uplink transmission resource to it subsequently. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     The base station  10  and the mobile terminal  20  made an agreement that the combination of multiple CDMA codes (combination of uplink resource allocation request information, or information combination) corresponds to a specified uplink transmission resource request amount. Preferably, this manner could be used in conjunction with the manner(s) in example 2 or example 3. The conjunction of this example and example 2 is shown in table 2. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Corresponding relationship between information combinations 
               
               
                 and uplink transmission resource request amounts 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Uplink transmission resource 
               
               
                   
                 Information combination 
                 request amount 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Code I 
                 1 kB 
               
               
                   
                 Code II 
                 2 kB 
               
               
                   
                 Code III 
                 3 kB 
               
               
                   
                 Code I, code II 
                 4 kB 
               
               
                   
                 Code I, code III 
                 5 kB 
               
               
                   
                 Code II, code III 
                 6 kB 
               
               
                   
                 Code I, code I 
                 7 kB 
               
               
                   
                 Code I, code II, code III 
                 8 kB 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     It is thus clear that, up to eight uplink resource request amount indication manners are realized. The mobile terminal could flexibly choose a most appropriate manner to use according actual cached data amount. 
     It could be seen from the last but 2 row of table 2 that, repeated transmission of the same CDMA code could also compose an information combination, certainly, it is generally required to allocate multiple sending resources to the CDMA code. 
     Of course, different information resource combinations could be further combined to create more uplink resource request amount indication manners, unnecessary details are not given here. 
     It is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, the sending occasion of using uplink resource request indication information as mentioned above is the specified period when a service is away from silent status, but it is just an example and does not make any restriction to the protection scope of the present invention. In fact, the uplink resource request information and the sending resource provided in the present invention could also be used when the service is of on status. In this condition, the CDMA code replaces the BR message, and the information combination composed of CDMA code and sending resource could approximately indicate to the base station the uplink transmission resource amount expected by the mobile terminal. Compared to BR message, the method(s) provided in the present invention cause(s) less delay to service(s) and less signaling overhead, which benefits to saving system resource. 
     The present invention is described from the angle of method as above, further de script ion is given as below from the angle of apparatus with reference to apparatus block diagram and in conjunction with  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 6 . 
     Wherein,  FIG. 7  shows the block diagram of a first handling apparatus, in a base station of the wireless access network, for handling uplink transmission resource allocation, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The first handling apparatus  100  as shown comprises: an allocation means  1000 , a receiving means  1001 , a second handling means  1002 , wherein the second handling means  1002  further comprises a first determining means  10020 , a third handling means  10021 , a second determining means  10022 , a fourth handling means  10023 , a third determining means  10024  and a fifth handling means  10025 . 
       FIG. 8  shows the block diagram of a first requesting apparatus, in a mobile terminal, for requesting a base station to allocate uplink transmission resource, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The first requesting apparatus  200  as shown comprises an obtaining means  2000 , a judging means  2001  and a second requesting means  2002 , wherein the second requesting means  2002  further comprises a first choosing means  20020 , a first sending means  20021 , a second choosing means  20022 , a second sending means  20023 , a third choosing means  20024  and a third sending means  20025 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 7  and in conjunction with  FIG. 5 , the allocation means  1000  of the base station  10  allocates uplink resource request indication information and corresponding sending resource to a service, such as voice call service, of the mobile terminal  20 . This allocation process commonly could be performed after the base station  10  receiving the uplink service establishment request from the mobile terminal  20 , wherein the allocated uplink resource request indication information could be CDMA code, which in specific could be generated by the PRBS (pseudo-random binary sequence) generator of the base station  10  similar to ranging code generator. In this embodiment, the allocation means  1000  allocates three different CDMA codes, denoted as I, II and III, to the service of the mobile terminal  20 . Accordingly, the allocation means  1000  of the base station  10  also needs to allocate sending resource, such as time-frequency resource, to the mobile terminal  20  for sending the three CDMA codes. As shown in  FIG. 6 , wherein, the sending resource composed by a time slot and a subcarrier is referred to as a resource pint, therefore twelve resource points P 1  to P 12  are shown in  FIG. 6 . These resource points may all be used as contention resource in existing uplink transmission resource request and allocation mechanism, however, in this embodiment, P 11  and P 12  thereinto are used as non-contention resource, namely, the allocation of P 11  and P 12  is not based on the competition of mobile terminals, instead, the base station  10  suitably allocates them and one service at the beginning of establishment of the service or at a certain moment after the beginning. 
     In this invention, the matching rules of sending resource and CDMA code have the following bases: 
     One: preferably, in order to ensure maximum decoding accuracy, the amount of CDMA codes using the same resource point generally does not exceed cross-correlation factor. Of course, if the resource points available to be used as the above sending resource is in shortage in the system, the preferable base could be broken in precondition that certain error rate is allowable. 
     Two: the combination of CDMA code, time slot and subcarrier differs from the original combination, as Long as either one of CDMA code, time slot and subcarrier changes, in other words, the combination of CDMA code, time slot and subcarrier allocated to different services of a same mobile terminal could identify its corresponding service if only the combination achieves at least one of code division, time division and frequency division, so as to bring convenience to the accuracy of uplink transmission resource request. Of course, services of different mobile terminals are different, thus base two is apparently applied to differing services of different mobile terminals. 
     Three: according to base two, there may be the case that multiple different CDMA codes share a same resource point in the present invention, i.e. the pure code division multiplexing is adopted. It is readily comprehensible that, these different CDMA codes could either belong to a same service of a same mobile terminal or belong to different services of a same mobile terminal or even belong to services of different mobile terminals. However, it is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, in order to avoid interference, CDMA codes allocated in the same resource point should keep different from each other so as to achieve at least one of code division, time division and frequency division. 
     Four: still according to base two, in order to save CDMA code resource, the same CDMA code could forms multiple so-called information resource combination in conjunction with multiple different resource points, wherein information denotes uplink resource request indication information, i.e. CDMA code, while resource denotes time-frequency resource point in this embodiment. Multiple different combinations generated therefrom differ from each other by means of time division (occupying different time slots but using the same subcarrier) or frequency division (occupying different subcarriers but using the same time slot) or time division plus frequency division (occupying different time slots and using different subcarriers). Specific cases could be determined without creative work by those skilled in the art on basis of resource abundance degree according to the enlightenment of the specification. These different combinations could either be allocated to different services, or be allocation to a same service for requesting different uplink transmission resource amount. 
     In this embodiment, the sending resource of codes I and II is the resource point P 11 , while the sending resource of codes III is the resource point P 12 . It is thus clear that, in this embodiment, codes I and II share the same resource point, corresponding information resource combination being differed by different CDMA codes, while respective information resource combination of codes I and II differ from the information resource combination of code III and P 12  by means of code division and time division. Thus three different information resource combinations corresponding to the same service come into being. 
     P 1  to P 10  as shown in  FIG. 6  are still used as contention resource for traditional initial ranging, handover ranging, periodic ranging and competition based bandwidth request. 
     In the WiMAX system adopting the present invention, the allocation means  1000  of the base station  10  could broadcast the attribute of each resource point, i.e. whether belonging to the sending resource of uplink resource request indication information mentioned in the present invention or belonging to traditional contention resource of P 1  to P 10  as shown in  FIG. 6 , to each mobile terminal via UL-MAP in the frame header. UL-MAP information could accordingly include the following description of P 11  and P 12 : position, structure, amount, etc. In order to save resource, the above resource point allocation result could be broadcasted only when its content changes instead of being broadcasted in each frame. Accordingly, the mobile terminal  20  preferably stores the allocation result broadcasted from the base station  10 , and performs uplink transmission resource request and other operations according to the previous allocation result all along till the next new allocation comes. 
     The allocation means  1000  of the base station  10  further generates a control message, which carries the CDMA code allocated to the mobile terminal  20  and the sending resource for the mobile terminal  20  to send this/these CDMA code(s). In the case as shown in  FIG. 6 , since the non-contention resource points P 11  and P 12  occupy the same subcarrier, and which subcarrier P 11  and P 12  use is known for the mobile terminal  20  according to UL-MAP information, the mobile terminal  20  only needs to know the matching relationship between each CDMA code and the two time slots occupied by P 11  and P 12 . Therefore, in the control message, the allocation means  1000  only needs to indicate the identifier information of the time slot corresponding to each CDMA code. 
     Corresponding information sent from the allocation means  1000  is obtained by the obtaining means of the mobile terminal  20 , and is provided to corresponding downstream means such as first, second, third choosing moans. 
     With reference to  FIG. 5 , wherein, the process performed by the allocation means  1000  preferably takes place before each event as shown in  FIG. 5 . In  FIG. 5 , the voice call service of the mobile terminal  20  requests the base station  10  to allocate resource for several times (under on status), before coming into the silent status as shown, as shown, Its standby uplink service data decreases time after time and finally returns to zero. Then, the requested amount is zero in the BR message sent for the third time as shown. Preferably, when the service data in the cache of the mobile terminal  10  is zero and keeps for a period (such as the time length of a number of frames), the mobile terminal  10  could determine there is no data of the service needing to be sent temporarily, and the service could come into silent status. 
     Thus the service turns to silent for a period, at a certain moment afterwards, the user of the mobile terminal  20  speaks to the other party of the communication again, then, there is new standby uplink service data in the cache of the mobile terminal  20 , such as u shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     And then, the judging means  2001  of the mobile terminal  20  judges that it is needed to request to allocate uplink transmission resource. Therefore, the mobile station  20  needs to send at least one CDMA code allocated by the base station  10  by using corresponding sending resource (s) to the base station  10 , to request the base station  10  to restart uplink transmission resource allocation for the service. 
     The detail description of multiple possible subsequent process of the base station  10  and the mobile terminal  20  based on the present invention is given as below; 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Example 1 is a simple and basic example, wherein, the base station  10  did not make an agreement with the mobile terminal  20  via its allocation means  1000  about any matching relationship between CDMA code and uplink transmission resource request amount, or between information resource combination and uplink transmission resource request amount. The CDMA code sent from the mobile terminal  20  by using the sending resource only indicates that the mobile terminal  20  has new standby uplink service data, and requires the base station  10  to allocate uplink transmission resource to the service, whereas how much resource to be allocated is determined by the base station  10 . According to example 1, the second requesting means could be simplified as a simple sending means, so as to send an allocated CDMA code on basis of the judgment of Yes of the judging means  2001 . According to an unrestrictive example of the present invention, the uplink transmission resource allocation amount determined by the second handling means  1002  equivalent to a determining means could be expressed by the following equation: 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     ∑ 
                     
                       i 
                       = 
                       1 
                     
                     N 
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     
                       a 
                       i 
                     
                     × 
                     
                       M 
                       i 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   ( 
                   1 
                   ) 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
     Wherein, M i  (i=1 . . . N) denotes the uplink transmission resource amount allocated to the service of the i-th time in the previous N times of allocating uplink transmission resource to the service, while α i  is a weighting coefficient less than 1 and bigger than 0, and 
                 ∑     i   =   1     N     ⁢     a   i       =   1.         
It is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, the idea in the equation (1) could also be applied to the following cases.
 
     In case of example 1, it is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, in order to save CDMA code and time-frequency resource, the information resource combination allocated to a service of a mobile terminal is preferably unique. Once the base station receives specified CDMA code from a mobile terminal by using specified time-frequency resource, it knows that the mobile terminal is requesting resource allocation, and then performs corresponding allocation at once. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     The base station  10  made an agreement with the mobile terminal  20  via the allocation means  1000  about the uplink transmission resource request amounts corresponding to different CDMA codes. And then, preferably, as mentioned above, the allocation means  1000  allocates multiple CDMA codes, i.e. I, II, III, to a service and allocates sending resource with respect to each code respectively. The first determining means  10020  and the third handling means  10021  of the base station  10  and the first choosing means  20020  and the first sending means  20021  of the mobile terminal  20  are applied to the case of example 2. It is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, if the base station  10  and each mobile terminal realize the present invention only by means of example 2, other submeans in the second handling means  1002  and the second requesting means  2002  are omissible. Besides, it is also intelligible to those skilled in the art that, in practical application, the third, fourth, fifth handling means could be realized by the same hand ling means, similarly, the first, second, third choosing means could be realized by the same choosing means, the first, second, third sending means could be realized by the same sending means. 
     In example 2, the second handling means  1002  of the base station  10  only cares about: which CDMA code is sent from the mobile terminal, but does root care about by using which resource point the CDMA code is sent, in other words, although t he base station  10  allocates multiple sending resources for a CDMA code, no matter which sending resource is used by the mobile terminal  20  to send the CDMA code, as feedback, in the subsequent step S 4 , the base station  10  allocates the same uplink transmission resource amount to the service. 
     In view of this, in order to save time-frequency resource, the allocation means  1000  of the base station  10  preferably allocates only one sending resource to each CDMA code. 
     Accordingly, different CDMA codes such as I,  11  and III preferably correspond to uplink transmission resource amount, and this matching relationship could be informed to the mobile terminal by the allocation means  1000  together with sending management message. In this example, the purpose why the base station  10  allocates multiple CDMA codes (uplink resource request indication information) to the mobile terminal  20  is to enable the mobile terminal  20  to express the need of uplink transmission resource, if any, most definitely, so that the uplink transmission allocated to it by the base station  10  is as close to the need of the mobile terminal  20  as possible, to avoid waste. 
     In case that the data amount of u is 4500 bytes (4.5 kB), and the codes I, II and III correspond to the resource request amount of 1 kB, 2 kB and 3 kB respectively, therefore, the first choosing means  20020  of the mobile terminal  20  preferably chooses the code III to send, and the service gets away from silent status. Code III is received by the receiving means  1001  and transferred to the first determining means  10020 . And then, the first determining means  10020  of the base station  10  could determine its resource request according to the received CDMA code and the prestored matching relationship between codes and resource request amounts, and instruct the third handling means  10021  to periodically allocate resource to the service in mode as shown in  FIG. 3   a . The position of 3 kB resource allocated by the third handling means  10021  of the base station  10  is depicted in UL-MAP in the header of a frame, most ideally, the mobile terminal  20  transmitts uplink service data by using corresponding resource in the uplink subframe in the frame. If the allocation cycle of uplink transmission resource is composed of five frames, the resource amount could be used by the mobile terminal  20  for the service in each uplink subframe is 0.6 kB. And then, in the last uplink subframe of the cycle, the mobile terminal  20  sends the service data of the size of 0.594 kB together with BR message of the size of 0.006 kB to the base station  10 . Wherein, BR message is used for requesting the base station  10  for further allocate 1.512 kB resource to the service, wherein, 1.512 kB=4.5 kB−(3 kB−0.006 kB)+0.006 kB, namely the sum amount of the remainder standby uplink service data and a new BR message. 
     Therefore, most ideally, the BR message sent by the mobile terminal  20  could get response in the header of the next frame. After parsing the UL-MAP information thereinto, the mobile terminal  20  finds its usable uplink transmission resource and sends the remainder standby data frame after frame. Finally, in the last uplink subframe of the cycle, the mobile terminal  20  sends a new BR message together with the last part of uplink service data to the base station  10 . Wherein, the new BR message indicates that the uplink resource request amount for the service of the mobile terminal  20  is zero. Thus the service comes into silent status of uncertain period again. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     The base station  10  made an agreement with the mobile terminal  20  via the allocation means  1000  about the matching relationship between different information resource combinations and uplink resource request amounts. For better understanding, description is given as below by baking a more complex allocation mode of uplink resource request indication information and sending resource. Where in, the allocation means  1000  allocates codes I, II and III to a service of the mobile terminal  20 , the sending resource of code I being P 11  and P 12 , the sending resource of code II being P 11 , the sending resource of code III being P 12 . 
     Therefore, codes II and III have one sending resource respectively, but code I has two. In this example, different from example 2, which sending resource the mobile terminal uses to send code I is different for the base station  10 . An exemplary matching relationship between different information resource combinations and uplink resource request amounts is given in table 1 as above. 
     Therefore, when u as shown in  FIG. 5  occurs, the second choosing means  20022  of the mobile terminal chooses to send code III in P 12  and indicates the second sending means  20023  to perform sending, thus the second determining means  10022  could determine the resource request amount of the service of the mobile terminal  20  and indicate the fourth handling means  10023  to perform allocation, so that the mobile terminal  20  obtains maximum resource amount allocated by the base station  10 . The rest part needed is further obtained by sending another BR message. It is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, the BR message generated for the rest service data, which is not transmitted yet, in 5 kB could also be replaced by a CDMA code sent in specified sending resource. Since the rest service data amount is 1 kB, the second sending means  20023  of the mobile terminal  20  sends code I in P 11  again by the end of the allocation cycle, thus the base station will allocate 1 kB of uplink transmission resource to it subsequently. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     The base station  10  made an agreement with the mobile terminal  20  via the allocation means  1000 , that the combination of multiple CDMA codes (combination of uplink resource allocation request information, or information combination) corresponds to a specified uplink transmission resource request amount. Preferably, this manner could be used in conjunction with the manner(s) in example 2 or example 3. The conjunction of this example and example 2 is shown in table 2 as above. 
     It is thus clear that, up to eight uplink resource request amount indication manners. The third choosing means  20024  of the mobile terminal  20  could flexibly choose a most appropriate manner to use according actual cache data amount, and indicate the third sending means  20025  to send it. The third determining means  10024  of the base station  10  determines the resource request amount according to the CDMA code set sent from the third sending means  20025 , and indicates the fifth handling means  10025  to perform. 
     It could be seen from the last but 2 row of table 2 that, repeated transmission of the same CDMA code could also compose an information combination, certainly, it is generally required to allocate multiple sending resources to the CDMA code. 
     Of course, different information resource combinations could be further combined to create more uplink resource request amount indication manners, unnecessary details are not given here. 
     It is intelligible to those skilled in the art that, the sending occasion of using uplink resource request indication information as mentioned above is the specified period when a service is away from silent status, but it is just example and does not make any restriction to the protection scope of the present invention. In fact, the uplink resource request information and the sending resource provided in the present invention could also be used when the service is of on status, in this condition, CDMA code replaces BR message, and the information combination composed of CDMA code and sending resource; could approximately indicate to the base station the uplink transmission resource amount expected by thee mobile terminal. Compared to BR message, the method(s) provided in the present invent ion cause(s) less delay to service (s) and less signaling overhead, which benefits to saving system resource. 
     The embodiments of the present invent ion have been described above. It is understandable by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and various modifications or amendments can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the scope of the attached claims. The protection scope of the invention is depending on the protection scope of the claims.