Abstract:
Servo data to be stored on a servo disk in a magnetic recording apparatus for positioning a data head of the magnetic recording apparatus to a data disk of the magnetic recording apparatus, are formed in a train of four servo bytes arranged in accordance with four clock bits successively received. Each servo byte consists of a clock bit and a group of positional bits respectively, where the positional bit is set making a definite time space from the clock bit. The four definite time spaces of the corresponding positional bit in the four servo bytes make an arithmetic progression, in which the initial term is the definite time space of the positional bit in the first servo byte and the common difference is the time difference between two corresponding positional bits in two adjacent servo bytes. The time difference and a length of a gate pulse in which servo data signals are demodulated, are set, for example, to 20 ns and 160 ns, respectively.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     (1) Field of The Invention 
     The present invention relates to writing servo signals on a servo disk in a magnetic disk apparatus. 
     The data heads which write and read data are regularly positioned on a designated track on a data surface of a data disk by reading the servo signals previously written an the servo disk. This is called closed loop servo control. Servo signals are usually written on a surface, which is called a servo-surface, of a magnetic disk. As one example of closed loop servo control, there is a servo control system having a servo disk which is exclusively used for servo control. This control system is called simply called &#34;servo-surface servo&#34;, hereinafter. There is another control system which is also an example of closed loop servo control and is performed using servo data which are stored in a data surface of a data disk instead of using a servo disk as in the case of &#34;servo-surface servo&#34;. This control system is called simply &#34;data-surface servo&#34;, hereinafter. However, the &#34;servo-surface servo&#34; has been the type of control system used in most magnetic disk apparatuses for a long time. 
     The present invention can be applied to the &#34;servo-surface servo&#34; type control system. 
     (2) Description of The Related Art 
     The data heads in a magnetic disk apparatus are position-controlled so as to be on-track on a data disk during writing or reading, based on the way in which a servo head reads servo signals stored on a servo disk in &#34;servo-surface servo&#34;. FIGS. 1 (a) to 1(e) show a group of charts illustrating waveforms successively produced when a servo head reads the servo data stored on the servo disk. Therefore, the transversal direction of this chart represents the direction of circumference of a track and the longitudinal direction of this chart represents the radial direction of the servo disk. In FIGS. 1(a) to 1(e), each chart of a waveform is schematically expressed using triangle wave for simplicity. The group of charts of waveforms (a),(b),(c) and (d) correspond to what are called the normal bits and are produced from adjacent four tracks, respectively. Namely, waveforms (a), (b), (c) and (d) correspond to track 1, track 2, track 3 and track 4 in the data disk, for instance. The waveform (e) corresponds to what is called the index bit which is written in a portion of each track. The signals indicated by CB are clock bits to be used as the standard clock in demodulation of the servo signals and in data writing. The signals indicated by P1 and P2 are positional bits. The positional bit P1 is expressed by two kinds of bit named ODD1 or EVEN1 and the positional bit P2 is likewise expressed by ODD2 or EVEN2, according to their position. Further, the waveform (e) is expressed by a combination of ODD1 and EVEN2 in this case. These four kinds of bits are written periodically in the tracks of the servo disk. 
     The positioning of the data head on a track of the disk is performed by reading the servo signals from the servo disk by the servo head, demodulating the positional bits (P1 and P2) and detecting the peak level of the P1 and P2. 
     In the &#34;servo-surface servo&#34;, the servo signals are read from the servo disk and the positional bits are demodulated so that the data head is positioned, even when the data head is writing data on the data disk. At that time, electromagnetic noise is generated near the data head. Particularly, noise of a high level is generated when the data is being written as compared with when the data is being read. The high level noise disturbs the demodulation of the positional bits. As the result, the correct reading the servo data becomes impossible. The disturbance by the electromagnetic noise generated from the data head which is nearest to the servo head is most remarkable. The influence of the electromagnetic noise on the demodulating the positional bits is further enhanced due to the following reason. The standard clock for writing data on the data disk (write clock) is usually produced by a phase lock oscillator which is synchronized to the clock for reading the servo signals (servo clock) in order to eliminate the influence of fluctuation of rotational speed of the magnetic disk on detecting the positional bit signals. Therefore, the relationship of phase between the write clock and the servo clock is invariable. As a consequence, the servo signals are synchronized to the electromagnetic noise. 
     A conventional method for eliminating the influence of electromagnetic noise generated from the data head is to shield the servo head electromagnetically by a shield. However, a space large enough to provide the effective shield is lost as the magnetic disk apparatus becomes smaller according to a recent trend of miniaturization. Moreover, the synchronization between write clock and servo clock becomes indispensable since the magnetic disk apparatus having a high recording density has become common. 
     Another method for eliminating the influence of electromagnetic noise is published in Japanese laid-open patent publication SHO 58-97164 entitled &#34;A magnetic disk apparatus&#34; by S. Sengoku, Jun., 9, 1983. The method disclosed utilizes a signal processing technique instead of utilizing an electromagnetic shield. However, what is disclosed relates to adjustment of a phase difference between the data writing clock and the servo signal. This is not applicable for the method of writing the servo signals on the servo disk. 
     A method of writing the servo signals on the servo disk is disclosed in Japanese laid-open patent publication SHO 61-26922 entitled &#34;A magnetic disk apparatus&#34; by T. IWAI and K. NISHIMURA, Feb. 6, 1986. In this method, the electromagnetic noise appears symmetrically on the two positional bit signals which are used for demodulation of the servo signals. For this purpose, the time difference between the two positional bit signals must be an even multiple or about even multiple of period of the write bits. This condition is hardly satisfied for arbitrary stored servo data pattern. That is, the method disclosed is effective for only special servo data patterns to be written. Therefore, a method of eliminating the influence of the electromagnetic noise generated from the data head during writing, while the servo head is reading the arbitrary stored servo data pattern is required. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to improve the positioning control of the data head on the data track of the data disk. 
     Another object of the present invention is to improve the method of writing the servo data on the servo disk so as to be free from disturbance by electromagnetic noise produced during writing data on the data disk. 
     Still another object of the present invention is to reduce the production cost of the magnetic disk apparatus. 
     The object is achieved by writing the servo signals on the servo disk by the servo head so that the positional bits are written shifted as much as the definite quantity within the limit of tolerance of the demodulation gate every servo byte. 
     That is, a writing apparatus composed of a servo pattern generator, a delay circuit and multiplexers is used to write the servo data on the servo disk. The servo pattern generator generates the clock bits and the positional bits. Based on these bit signals, the pattern of magnetization is written on the servo track of the servo disk. In this case, the positional bit signals are delayed as much as a definite time which is called shift, every servo bite. This shift must be larger than half the width of the waveform of the electromagnetic noise produced during writing the data on the data disk by the data head so that the electromagnetic noise is not superposed on the positional bit signal. On the other hand, the shift must be smaller than the gate time of demodulation of the positional bit signal. The shifted servo data to be written on a servo disk is produced from the multiplexer selecting the quantity of the shift. 
     When the shift of the positional bits is performed in four steps, for instance, the electromagnetic noise can be synchronized with the positional bit signal one time every four servo bites at most. The peak level of the positional bit is detected by a conventional method. Therefore, the influence of the electromagnetic noise is reduced by one fourth due to leveling over the servo track. 
     The writing apparatus which writes the shifted write data is used exclusively for production of the servo data on the servo disk and is not set up in the magnetic disk apparatus itself. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1(a) to 1(e) illustrate a group of charts illustrating schematic waveform of the current flowing in the servo head when the servo data are read; 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic waveform of an electromagnetic noise generated from the data head while date head is writing data on the data disk, and which appears in the current flowing in the servo head when the servo data are read; 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram which illustrates the shift of the positional bits using a time chart of one servo byte; 
     FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram illustrating the symmetrical shift of the positional bit with respect to the regular position. The limit of tolerance of a gate length (or gate time) for demodulating of the positional bit is indicated by the dotted lines; 
     FIG. 5. is a block diagram of a circuit for generating servo data to be written. 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the delay time and the shift of the positional bit in the first, second, third and fourth servo byte; 
     FIG. 7 is the time chart of the bit signals in the circuits for generating the servo data to be written as shown in FIG. 5; 
     FIG. 8(a) to 8(d) are a group of charts illustrating a schematic waveform of the current flow in the servo head when the servo data of the present invention are read; 
     FIG. 9 is a schematic partial drawing of a servo disk storing servo data of the present invention; 
     FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an apparatus writing servo data on a servo disk in a conventional magnetic disk apparatus; and 
     FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a conventional magnetic disk apparatus having a servo disk storing servo data of the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The method of writing servo data on a servo disk embodying the present invention will be described in reference to FIGS. 1 to 11. 
     The electromagnetic noise generated from the data head while the data head is writing data on the data disk is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2. The half the width of the waveform of the electromagnetic noise, (1/2)T W50  is 20 ns in this case. FIG. 3 shows a schematic servo pattern in one servo byte illustrating the four step shift of the positional bit of the present invention. The servo pattern is composed of the four positional bits P1, P2, P3 and P4 which are demodulated to be detected and the clock bit CB which separates the positional bits. When the electromagnetic noise as shown in FIG. 2 is superposed an the positional bit within a range of 1/2(T W50 ), the detection of the correct peak level of the positional bit becomes difficult due to enhancement of the amplitude of the positional bit signal by the noise signal. In order to avoid the detection of the positional bit signal from being disturbed by the noise signal, the servo data are previously written on the servo disk as follows so as not to be synchronized with the noise. That is, the positional bit is shifted successively as much as the definite time, T SFT , which is more than 20 ns every servo byte in this case. This is illustrated by arrows depicted on the positional bits in FIG. 3. In FIG. 3, the positional bit P1 is composed of four positional bits P1-1, P1-2, P1-3 and P1-4. The positional bits P2, P3 and P4 are composed of P2-1, P2-2, P2-3, and P2-4, P3-1, P3-2, P3-3 and P3-4 and P4-1, P4-2, P4-3 and P4-4, respectively. The positional bits P1-2, P1-3 and P1-4 are shifted T SFT , 2T SFT  and 3T SFT  from the positional bit P1-1, respectively. The positional bits P2-2, P2-3 and P2-4, the positional bits P3-2, P3-3 and P3-4 and the positional bits P4-2, P4-3 and P4-4 are shifted from the positional bits P2-1, P3-1 and P4-1, respectively, in the same manner as the positional bits P1-2, P1-3 and P1-4 are shifted from the positional bit P1-1. The positional bits P1-1, P2-1, P3-1 and P4-1, the positional bits P1-2, P2-2, P3-2 and P4-2, the positional bits P1-3, P2-3, P3-3 and P4-3 and the positional bits P1-4, P2-4, P3-4 and P4-4 are in the first servo byte, the second servo byte, the third servo byte and the fourth servo byte, respectively. 
     As described above, the positional signals are written on the servo disk by shifting the positional bits by the definite time every servo byte successively. When this servo disk is used, the electromagnetic noise does not superposed on the positional bit in three of the postional bits of the servo byte, even though the noise is accidentally superposed on the one of the positional bits, in one servo byte. 
     In an actual case, the positional bits are shifted symmetrically with respect to the regular position, L, of the positional bit as shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows the symmetric shift of a positional bit in this embodiment. Taking the positional bit P1 in FIG. 3 as an example, P1-1, P1-2, P1-3 and P1-4 are shifted -30 ns, -10 ns, +10 ns and +30 ns from the regular position L, respectively. In FIG. 4, the limit of tolerance of a gate length (or gate time) for demodulating of the positional bit is indicated by the dotted lines. For the demodulation of the positional bit, the detecting of the peak level is performed by detecting only peak level in positive side or the upper side. The gate length is taken as 160 ns which is ±80 ns with respect to L, in this embodiment. Accordingly, the largest shift of the positional bit from the L can not exceed 80 ns. 
     When the servo data is being read from the servo disk, on which the shifted positional bits as described above have been written, the level of the electromagnetic noise superposed on the demodulated positional bit can be reduced to lower than one fourth of the level present when the positional bits are not shifted as the conventional case. 
     Next, a method of producing the shifted positional bits for writing the servo data on the servo disk will be described. FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of circuits for generating the servo data to be written. In FIG. 5, a reference clock (RC) signal, which is a standard clock for the motion along the circumference of the disk previously written on the data disks, is input to a phase locked oscillator (PLO) 11. The phase locked oscillator 11 generates a preindex (PI) signal which is a standard clock of higher grade for motion along the circumference of the servo disk and a pattern clock (PC) signal synchronized with reference clock signal. The PC signal is input to a servo pattern generator (SPG) 12, and the preindex signal is input to the servo pattern generator 12 and a CLR terminal of a shift counter (SC) 15. On the basis of PI and PC signals, the SPG 12 generates a clock data gate (CDG) pulse and an original servo data pattern (SDP) to be written. The CDG pulse is a bit signal of 0 or 1 and separates the clock bit (CB) and the positional bits (P). The SDP is the original serus data pattern to be written for later positioning of the data head. The CDG pulse is input to a second multiplexer (MPX-2) 16 and the CLK terminal of the shift counter 15. The SDP signal is input to the MPX-2 16 and a delay circuit (DEL) 13. A terminator is denoted by Z. In the delayed circuit 13, delay time can be changed by taps for the shifted positional bits. The four kinds of delay time are illustrated in FIG. 6, where the servo pattern is expressed by the pulse indicating the timing of flux reversal. In FIG. 6, the delay time D 0 , D 1 , D 2  and D 3  and the shift of the positional bit from the L in the first, second, third and fourth servo byte are shown schematically. The shift time of the positional bit is the time difference between the regular position, L, and the onset of the positional bit signal. In FIG. 5, the delayed bit signals corresponding to D 0 , D 1 , D 2  and D 3  are output from the delayed circuit 13 and are input to 0, 1, 2 and 3  input terminal of a first multiplexer (MPX-1) 14, respectively. The shift counter 15 counts the CDG pulse output from the servo pattern generator 12 and output bit 1 and bit 2 signals, which are shown in FIG. 7. The bit 1 and bit 2 signals are input to the first multiplexer 14, where the delay time is selected from D 0 , D 1 , D 2  and D 3 . The timing of the shift for all adjacent servo tracks is set to the same time in the shift counter 15 by the preindex PI output from the phase locked oscillator 11. The four delayed bit signals D 0 , D 1 , D 2  and D 3  are input to the second multiplexer 16 from the first multiplexer 14. When the CDG pulse is 1, the SDP is input to the terminal A of the second multiplexer 16. When the CDG pulse is 0, the SDP is input to the terminal B of the second multiplexer 16, through the delayed circuit 13 and the first multiplexer 14. Thus, the servo data composed of the clock bit signals and the shifted positional bit signals are output from the second multiplexer 16 to a circuit for writing a servo data (not depicted). 
     In FIG. 7, the time chart of the bit signals in the circuits for generating the servo data to be written in FIG. 5 are shown. The chart covers four servo bytes from the left to the right in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, the original servo data pattern to be written (SDP) and the servo data to be written (SD) are expressed by the pulse indicating the timing of flux reversal. The SDP shows the time chart of the original servo data pattern generated from the servo pattern generator 12. The bits CB and P represent the clock bits and the positional bits, respectively. The dotted lines drawn vertically L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7 and L8 represent the regular positions of the positional bits. The dotted lines L1 and L2, L3 and L4, L5 and L6, and L7 and L8 are in the first, second, third, and fourth servo bytes, respectively. The CDG shows the chart of the clock data gate pulse generated from the servo pattern generator 12. The bit 1 and bit 2 show the time charts of bit 1 and bit 2 signals generated from the shift counter 15. The shifts of the shifted positional bits in the first, second, third and fourth servo bytes correspond the bit 1 and bit 2 signals of 00, 01, 10 and 11, respectively. The servo data (SD) to be written which is output from the second multiplexer 16 shows the current pattern flowing in the servo head when the servo data are written on the servo disk. The SD of the four servo byte is written periodically along the servo track. 
     FIGS. 8(a) to 8(d) show a schematic time chart of waveform of five servo bytes successively produced when a servo head reads the servo data stored in the servo disk which had been written using the output from the MPX-2 16 shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 8(a) is the time chart of waveform corresponding to the SD in FIG. 7. The positional bit signals, P1 and P2, in FIG. 8(a) correspond to ODD1 and EVEN2, respectively. The positional bit signals in FIGS. 8(b), 8(c) and 8(d) correspond ODD1 and ODD2, EVEN1 and ODD2 and EVEN1 and EVEN2, respectively. Taking FIG. 8(d) as an example, the time of EVEN1 in the first servo byte is supposed to be t E1 . Then, the time of EVEN1 in the second, the third, the fourth and the fifth servo byte is t El  +d, t E1  +2d, t E1  +3d and t E1 , respectively. The d is the time difference between corresponding positional bit signals in the two adjacent servo bytes. That is, the time of EVEN1 in the four servo bytes forms an arithmetic progression whose the initial term is t E1  and the common difference is d. The next four bytes repeat the previous four bytes periodically. In the same way, the time of EVEN2 in the first, the second, the third, the fourth and the fifth servo byte is t E2 , t E2  +d, t E2  +2d, t E2  +3d and t E2 , respectively. The servo data corresponding the time chart in FIGS. 8(a) to 8(d) are stored an the servo disk. When the servo data are read by the servo head, positioning of the data head is carried out. 
     In this embodiment, four step shift of the positional bit is described as an example. However, the number of steps for shifting is not necessarily four, so far as the d is larger than (1/2)T W50  and that d times the number of steps for shifting is smaller than the gate length of the gate pulse in which the positional bit is demodulated. 
     FIG. 9 shows schematically a part of the servo track on the servo disk, which is a magnetic recording media. The upper part of FIG. 9 shows a part of the servo disk 51, on which a lot of servo tracks 52 are provided in the direction of circumference of the servo disk. The servo data are stored in the form of magnetic flux reversal in the magnetic medium on the servo track. A pattern 54 corresponding to the pattern shown in FIGS. 8(a) to 8(d) can be seen through a microscope 53 as illustrated in the lower part of FIG. 9. In the pattern 54, horizontal direction and vertical direction represent the direction of circumference and the direction of a radius of the servo disk, respectively. Each vertical line represents the position of magnetic flux reversal in the magnetic medium on the servo track, schematically. 
     In FIG. 10, an apparatus writing servo data on the servo disk in a conventional magnetic disk apparatus is shown schematically with a block diagram. In FIG. 10, the circuits and components in an area surrounded by a dotted line constitute the apparatus for writing servo data on the servo disk. The other circuits and components belong to the conventional magnetic disk apparatus. The magnetic disk apparatus has five magnetic disks as an example, namely Disk 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 which can be rotated by a spindle motor (SPM) 32, whose number of revolution is controlled by a circuit (RVC) 31 for controlling the number of revolution, driven by a circuit (STWC) 30 for controlling the apparatus for writing servo data. Seven surfaces of the five magnetic disks are used as data surfaces and one surface is used as a servo surface. The servo data are written on the servo surface by a servo head 24. The reference clock obtained by a reference head (RH) from the rear surface of the Disk 4 is input to the circuit (SPG) 22 for generating a servo pattern data as shown in FIG. 5, through a circuit (RC W/R) 21 for writing and reading reference clock. The servo data pattern to be written, output from the circuit 22 for generating a servo pattern data as shown in FIG. 5, is input to a circuit (SVW) 23 for writing the servo data. Amplified write signals drive the servo head 24 and the servo pattern data is written on the servo surface of the servo disk 2 indicated in FIG. 10. In this stage, the positioning of the servo head 24 is performed by a head positioner 29 driven by a voice coil motor (VCM) 28, through a circuit (POS SENS) 26 for detecting position and a circuit (POS) 27 for positioning using a length measuring machine 25 by a laser. 
     In FIG. 11, a block diagram of a magnetic disk apparatus which is exhibited partly in FIG. 10 is shown schematically. In FIG. 11, the same reference numbers as in FIG. 10 designate the same components as in FIG. 10. This magnetic disk apparatus is a conventional apparatus except having the servo disk, on which the servo data had been written by the apparatus described in FIG. 10. In the same way as in FIG. 10, the magnetic disk can be rotated by a spindle motor 32 driven by a circuit (DRVC) 41 for controlling the apparatus through a circuit (RVC) 46 for controlling the number of revolution. An interface circuit (INC) 40 receive write or read data (W/R D), control signals (CNTS) and address data (ADRD) from a controller, which is not depicted. The data are written on the data surfaces of the data disks and the data stored in data surfaces of the data disks are read by a data head, through a circuit (D W/R) 43 for writing and reading data. While, the servo signals produced when the servo data are read by a servo head 24 are demodulated by a circuit (POS DEM) 44 for demodulating the positional bit signals and input to a circuit 45 for positioning the data head. The output of the circuit (POS) 45 for positioning drives a head positioner 29 by a voice coil motor 28 to position the data head on a designated track on the data surface. 
     The many features and advantages of the invention are apparent form the detailed specification and thus it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope thereof. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to as falling within the scope of the invention.