Abstract:
A thin wall saw blade for cutting hard materials both clean and fast without clogging comprises a corrugated shaped electro-deposited matrix metal that encapsulate large diamonds so that the large diamonds have points or protrusions extending outward from the thin walls of the corrugated saw blade. The thin wall saw blade further includes small diamonds encapsulated inside the matrix metal. The density of the large and small diamonds by volume exceeds fifty percent so that the blade cuts fast and clean without clogging and is particularly well suited for singulating multi-layered substrates that include plastic and/or metal layers in or on the substrate.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to saw blades used to cut very hard materials. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved diamond impregnated saw blade for use in singulation saws used in the semiconductor industry and is also useful in cutting large or small very hard objects.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Prior Art  
           [0004]    Saw blades for cutting hard materials are well known. Such saw blades are made in the form of circular disc, gang saws and band saws. Circular saws may be made homogeneous comprising abrading material and a binder or may be constructed from a support disc with abrading material bonded onto the outer periphery. The outer periphery may be continuous or discontinuous. One of the purposes of providing a discontinuous pattern is that the grooves or passageways between the attached abrading material provides a resistance free passage for the outflow of abraded particles cut from the hard material and/or an associated coolant used to cool the saw blade as well as flush particles out of the blade.  
           [0005]    Dicing saws are employed in the semiconductor industry to separate individual die one from another by cutting streets or separation channels into the wafer comprising a plurality of die. The smaller the die and the more narrow the street, the greater the yield of sawn die from a given size wafer. Further, the more narrow the streets, the greater number of die that can be made onto a wafer of a given size. For this and other reasons, wafer dicing saw blades are made very thin. Typical electro-deposited nickel diamond impregnated saw blades have been made in thickness from less than one thousandth of an inch up to several thousandths of an inch. When the die are packed very close on a wafer that is large, it is necessary that the dicing saw cut away the street material without chipping the edges of the die. Dicing saws of the type made by Kulicke and Soffa Industries and Disco Corp. provide the needed high degree of accuracy to cut large wafers into individual die without damaging the die. The individual die are packaged and/or connected to a substrate or carrier. Numerous types of carriers are used that fall into a category of Surface Mounted Technology devices, SMT devices. The substrates or PC Boards have circuits on or interleaved into the substrate which is a laminate having metal circuits, test circuits ground plane, etc. Once assembled on a substrate the now interconnected packaged device needs to be singulated or separated from other devices.  
           [0006]    Some substrates have been singulated using thick dicing saw blades in dicing type saws because thin blades are destroyed by the metal layers in the substrate. Such thick blades require many hours to make, yet rapidly clog with plastic and metal from the circuits. The clogged blade then requires a greater force to make a cut and cuts slower because the diamonds that would do the cutting are less exposed. In addition, clogged blades have a tendency to make rough cuts which can smear or destroy the exposed circuit pattern especially when the smear occurs at a conductive pad or bump on the die.  
           [0007]    Some substrates have been singulated using resinoid saw blades and/or sintered saw blades. Again the saw blade loads up with particles of plastic and metal and rapidly becomes unable to make a quality clean cut and must be replaced.  
           [0008]    There is presently no known prior art type dicing saw blade or hard material saw blade that is self-cleaning and smooth cutting when used for singulating devices from substrates that have metal layers in the laminate being cut.  
           [0009]    Further, there is no known prior art type dicing saw blade that does not clog with material so as to slow down the effective cutting speed.  
           [0010]    Accordingly, it is not only desirable, but necessary to provide some type of blade for cutting hard material that can be used for singulation of devices from substrates and PC boards that is clean cutting and long lasting.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0011]    It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a novel saw blade for cutting all types of hard material without clogging.  
           [0012]    It is a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved diamond saw blade for sawing and/or drilling very hard materials.  
           [0013]    It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a singulation saw blade that cuts smooth without clogging.  
           [0014]    It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a method of making singulation saw blades that is cheaper than the prior art methods.  
           [0015]    It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a method of making a uniform thick thin wall singulation saw blade that has a predetermined width of cutting blade.  
           [0016]    It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a novel corrugated shaped singulation saw blade that cuts cleaner and faster than all known prior art singulation saw blades.  
           [0017]    It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a thin wall saw blade with small protrusions or points of large diamonds extending from the sidewalls.  
           [0018]    It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a thin wall saw blade that is by volume greater than fifty percent diamonds and comprises large diamonds and small diamonds encapsulated in a matrix of electroplated nickel.  
           [0019]    It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a thin wall saw blade having a thickness that is thinner than the large diamonds that have exposed points extending from both sides of the wall of the saw blade.  
           [0020]    It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a thin wall saw blade of electrodeposited nickel that can smear or deform behind encapsulated diamonds so that the diamonds are more strongly held by the matrix of nickel.  
           [0021]    According to these and other objects of the present invention there is provided a novel corrugated shaped saw blade in the form of a cylinder, an annular ring or a flexible band for attachment to a carrier or for mounting on a hub or shaft. The blade comprises a thin wall of matrix material having a serpentine or corrugation shape that is three to ten times deeper in width than the thickness of the electroplated thin wall blade. The electrodeposited metal thin wall blade is virtually saturated with large and small diamonds which comprise in excess of fifty percent by volume and provide a longer wearing and faster cutting saw blade that is self-cleaning. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]    [0022]FIG. 1 is a plan view of a prior art annular ring shaped resinoid cutting blade made in a press with mating die;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 2 is a section in elevation of the annular ring shaped blade of FIG. 1 mounted in a flanged hub;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a prior art disc shaped cutting wheel made in a press with mating dies;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial section in elevation of an end portion of a prior art cutting wheel showing a super-abrasive mass attached to the outer perimeter of the wheel;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial section in side view of a cutting wheel like FIG. 4 showing a first layer of super-abrasive attached to alternate sides of the wheel which has been undercut to remove wheel material at the outer perimeter;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial section in side view of FIG. 5 after additional layers of super-abrasive have been added to complete the super-abrasive mass shown in FIG. 4;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 7 is a plan view of a thin wall plated corrugation shaped annular disc according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprising diamonds encapsulated in a nickel plated matrix;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 8 is an enlarged section in side elevation showing a thick cutting wheel comprising a plated thin wall corrugation annular ring;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of a very large cutting wheel having a thin wall corrugated annular ring attached to a large disc;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 10 is an enlarged section in elevation taken at lines  10 - 10  of FIG. 9 showing a preferred method of attaching the annular ring to the large disc;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 11 is an isometric drawing of a machined mandrel or annular ring of the type employed to plate thin wall corrugated rings of various diameters;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 12 is a schematic drawing in side elevation of a drill pipe having a step down end adopted to receive a hollow cylinder of thin wall plated corrugation comprising diamonds encapsulated in a nickel matrix;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 13 is an enlarged schematic section in elevation showing a preferred cutting blade comprising a thin wall corrugation before cutting very hard materials;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 14 is an enlarged section in elevation showing the preferred embodiment cutting blade comprising a thin wall corrugation after cutting through very hard materials;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 15 is a block diagram of method steps employed to make one embodiment of a thin wall plated corrugated shaped annular disc for singulation saws; and  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 16 is a block diagram of method step employed to make the preferred embodiment thin wall corrugation shaped elements for singulation saws, very large disc saws, band saws, etc.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0038]    Refer now to FIG. 1 showing a prior art diamond impregnated resinoid cutting blade  10  used for cutting hard materials. In the embodiment shown, grooves  11  are pressed into the annular disc preferably as mirrored images on opposite sides leaving raised cutting teeth  12 , as shown at A-A, but may be offset as shown at B-B. The reduced thickness blade is used for dicing wafers and has widths up to one-tenth of an inch thick. Cooling water is applied radially inwardly and is expelled by centrifugal force. A complete description of this blade is found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,479,911 and is incorporated by reference herein.  
         [0039]    Refer now to FIG. 2 showing a flanged hub  13  of the type employed to hold and mount the cutting blade  10  of FIG. 1. The inner flange  14  and outer flange  15  are mounted on a support hub  16  and held by a clamping ring  17 . When a cooling fluid is applied at the arrow  18 , it is expelled out through the grooves  11  of annular cutting blade  10 .  
         [0040]    Refer now to FIG. 3 showing an isometric view of a prior art cutting wheel  20 . The wheel is provided with a raised boss  21  on one side that is exactly opposite a groove  22  on the other side. The area of the cutting bosses  21  is made equal to area of the cleaning grooves  22  and the effective thickness of the wheel  20  is maintained the same. In one example, a 16-inch diameter wheel had a thickness of 0.122 inches with grooves and bosses of 0.014 inches. The standard wheel employed a resinoid binder of a mixture of ingredients using layers of mesh and grains of hard carbides. A complete description of this blade is found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,628,292 and is incorporated by reference herein.  
         [0041]    The problem with the resinoid wheels or blades shown in FIGS.  1  to  3  is that they are known to clog up when cutting any material that include hard metals and plastics.  
         [0042]    Refer now to FIG. 4 showing an enlarged partial section of a prior art cutting wheel  23  which comprises a supporting disc  24  to which a super-abrasive mass  25  is attached. The center  24  of the disc base member  23  is thinner than the mass  25  which is made by electro-depositing rows of individual super-abrasive particles.  
         [0043]    Refer now to FIG. 5 showing an end view and detail of the mass  25  of FIG. 4 before it is finished. The grooves  26  have been cut in the center wheel. The grooves  26  are cut in the base member  24  at the perimeter. Particles  27  are deposited and bonded on the unmasked side, then on the opposite side leaving the wheel with peripheral raised bosses  28  of exposed diamonds  27 . A complete detailed description of this blade is found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,098,609 and is incorporated by reference herein.  
         [0044]    Refer now to FIG. 6 showing the wheel of FIG. 4 after the grooves  26  are filled in with rows of diamond to a level that coincides with the particles  27  of bosses  28 . This prior art patent shows and describes three layers of the same size diamonds  29  built up in the grooves  26  of base member  24  while a mask  31  is provided over the diamonds  27  which formed the raised bosses  28  shown in FIG. 3. After the mask  31  is removed, the top rows of diamonds  29  comprise 6 rows of particles and leave a gap  32  of 3 to 4 rows between adjacent bosses  28 . The supporting disc  24  was 6 mils thick and the built up mass  25  is shown to be about two-thirds deeper or thicker. Blades used for cutting a granite block are described as having a total abrasive thickness of 1.5 millimeters (i.e. approximately 60 mils).  
         [0045]    The problem with prior art blade shown in FIGS.  4  to  6  is that the cutting edge mass  25  is made thicker than the base support  24  and requires a large number of machining steps, masking steps and deposition steps. When the edges of rows of diamonds  29  in the top layer are exposed they are more easily torn loose during a cutting operation. The same problem is presented to the edge rows of diamond in the bosses  27 . Stated differently, the diamonds in the rows adjacent to the gap  32  have a tendency to tear loose and expose the next row, thus subsequently losing rows of diamonds which leads to clogging and slower cutting when used for singulation.  
         [0046]    Refer now to FIG. 7 showing a schematic plan view of the present invention thin wall plated corrugated shaped annular disc blade  33  and to FIG. 8 showing an enlarged partial side elevation in section. In the preferred embodiment shown, the singulation blade  33  is made for use in a hub type fixture similar to hub  11  shown in FIG. 2. The thickness of the electro-deposited matrix ring  34  is preferably about 2 mils thick and is made thinner by six to eight microns than the thickness of the large diamond encapsulated in the matrix material which is preferably nickel. Thus, the points or raised edges of the large diamonds will be exposed by three to five microns in the preferred embodiment singulation saw blade. Since the thickness of the matrix material is about ten times the exposed height of the points of the single particle large diamonds, the encapsulated diamonds are held very firmly and do not have a tendency to tear loose at any place in the matrix. All diamonds are held by an optimum or maximum holding force which permits the novel singulation blade  33  to cut clean without clogging up to 4 inches per second cutting speeds which is higher than heretofore possible.  
         [0047]    In the preferred embodiment, the thin wall matrix ring  34  of nickel was about two mils thick deposited on a reverse image mandrel forming a corrugation of uniform depth D 1  about 10 mils deep. The depth D 1  is approximately five to ten times the thickness of the matrix material. A corrugation of 120 grooves in a disc of 2 to 6 inches in diameter is flexible and self-flattening.  
         [0048]    Prior art silicon wafer dicing saw blades have been made in thicknesses from 0.0007 inches up to about 0.001 inches. Such thin dicing saw blades are too fragile to be used for singulation. Such disc shaped blades had to be made increasingly thicker to be robust enough for singulation. Even then, the dicing saw single disc or annular ring type blade had a shallow depth of cut and it would clog up when attempting to cut epoxy-glass substrate PC boards. Some PC boards have seven or more layers of metal and/or copper in the substrate. New state of the art substrates now have injection molded encapsulating material covering the devices and cannot be cut using prior art thin matrix dicing saw blades.  
         [0049]    The present invention singulation saw blade will cut clean without clogging all new type packages including epoxy glass substrates, ceramic and sapphire substrates as well as wafer level packaging, QFN and MLF packages which have added injection molded material and also contain metal layers.  
         [0050]    The maximum depth of cut for prior art dicing saw type blades is about 0.25 inches. In contrast thereto the present invention blade is easily made in depths up to 0.50 inches and when mounted on very large disc and flexible blade band saws very large blocks of granite or metoriles may be cut in a single pass leaving a smooth polished surface. For example the height of the points of the large diamonds encapsulated in the nickel matrix can be controlled down to three to five microns which is considered to be a polished finish. Objects of hard material such a silicon nitride, silicon carbide, cubic boron nitride and sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ), all having a hardness of 9.0 or above, may be cut smooth without clogging. Thus, composite objects made by pressing hard particles into a substrate with bonding metals are easily cut with the present invention diamond singulation saw blade. The only hard material that cannot be cut are diamonds or objects that include diamond particles such as sintered blades and diamond resinoid blades, etc.  
         [0051]    Refer now to FIG. 9 showing a plan view of a very large circular blade  35  having an edge or tip  37  made according to the present invention. The saw blade  35  comprises a thick metal blank or support  36  to which is attached an annular ring  37  that is corrugated as shown in FIG. 8. Such blades  35  are easily fabricated in diameters of four or more feet and will smooth cut all hard material objects without clogging.  
         [0052]    Refer now to FIG. 10 showing an enlarged section in elevation taken at lines  10 - 10  of FIG. 9. The disc shaped support  36  is provided with a step-down annular ring-shaped shoulder  38  which is one mil deeper than the thickness of mounting flange  39  formed integrally with the annular corrugated singulation blade  37 . In the example shown the depth D 1  of the corrugation  37  is 10 mils which provide a clearance in the cut of 1 mil on each side of the support disc  36 . The flange  39  may be attached to shelf  38  by numerous known welding techniques including spot or seam welding or by brazing or rod welding including tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding without a rod. Corrugated rings  37  may be made in existing nickel baths up to twenty feet in diameter.  
         [0053]    Prior art disc of the type used to cut concrete, employ blades of the type shown and described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 where the whole disc is impregnated with diamonds or very hard particles. Such blades are limited in diameter size. Blades made in accordance with the teachings of FIGS.  1  to  6  also appear to be limited in blade speed whereas the present invention singulation blade or dicing saw blade easily operates at 15,000 to 30,000 RPM while cutting epoxy glass substrates with multiple layers of copper and/or steel lead frames. The blade will cut in a preferred or a reverse direction at four inches per second, which is about twice prior art cutting speeds. Further, the new blade cuts clean and polishes with or without cooling fluid.  
         [0054]    Singulation and dicing saw blades are made in diameters of about two to six inches. The corrugations have an overall depth of five to ten mils. As a rule of thumb, the thickness of the nickel matrix is about one-fifth the depth of the corrugation. In the preferred embodiment singulation saw blades, the size of the large diamonds is greater by six to ten microns, however, blades approximately two mils thick have been made with a large diamond of thirty to fifty micron large diamonds and a sufficient number of points or protrusions of three to five micron height extend beyond the nickel matrix sidewalls to provide a clean cutting blade.  
         [0055]    When blades are made for very large disc and band saw blades the depth of the blade is preferably made deeper and the large diamonds may be up to 300 microns in the center and the matrix or core is made twenty to fifty percent of the total depth of the corrugated blade. In such blades the diamond size may be forty to sixty percent of the thickness of the matrix or core.  
         [0056]    For singulation and dicing saw blades the large diamonds are preferably in the range of thirty to fifty microns in size. For very large blades the diamond size may vary from twenty to 150 microns in size and by controlling the height of the protrusion, the novel corrugated blade cuts clean as it polishes.  
         [0057]    In the preferred embodiment corrugated saw blade, the matrix contains about fifty percent by volume of small diamonds completely encapsulated in the electro-deposited and formed matrix and the large diamond comprise about twenty percent more diamonds by volume, thus the total concentration of diamonds may be about eighty percent by volume. This more than doubles the concentration of diamonds by volume of prior art singulation or dicing saw blades. It is believed that this higher density concentration of diamonds encapsulated in the thin wall nickel matrix results in longer wear at higher cutting speeds. The object being cut is not as hard as the diamonds. Blade wear occurs when diamonds are torn loose from the matrix.  
         [0058]    In the prior art, clogging results in over heating and higher matrix temperatures which weaken the strength of the matrix and allows diamonds to become loosened. The end result would be slower cutting speeds to keep temperatures down. When blades clog, more pressure per unit area of cutting blade is required to maintain cutting speed. Users of prior art cutting blades are required to slow down the cutting speed and to reduce pressure to prevent fast wear and/or blade destruction.  
         [0059]    Refer now to FIG. 11 showing an isometric drawing of an electro-forming mandrel  41  having 120 raised surfaces  42  and 120 lowered surfaces  43 . Such mandrels may be machined from stainless steel or formed from a moldable material and plated with a surface equivalent to stainless steel which does not require a release agent such as electro-conductive carbon. The U.S. aircraft industry employs plating tanks over twenty feet in diameter for making aircraft parts and forming dies, thus, all large blades may be made in a single continuous plating operation. The prior art blade shown and described in FIGS.  4  to  6  not only requires numerous sequential plating and masking operations, but by making a number of layers (five shown) the time has to be over five times a single matrix thickness blade made in corrugated form. In the preferred embodiment small singulation blade shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the transition portion  44  is preferably forty-five degrees between surfaces  42  and  43 . This enables the matrix ring  34  to be flexible and self-aligning when clamped in a hub or fixture. When the corrugated blade is made for large disc or for band saws, the blade may be deposited directly on the support disc or flexible band saw blade or made separately and attached as explained hereinbefore.  
         [0060]    Refer now to FIG. 12 showing a schematic drawing in side elevation of a drill pipe  45  having a step-down end  46  adapted to receive a hollow corrugated cylinder  47  comprising a thin wall matrix of nickel holding a large concentration of large and small diamonds as explained hereinbefore. If the drill pipe is to be employed for extracting long cores of hard materials, the internal and external diameters of the pipe must have a larger I.D. and a small O.D. than the cylinder of diamonds encapsulated in nickel so that the core does not bind in the pipe. If the drill pipe is employed to cut through hard objects thinner than the length of the cylinder  47 , the pipe or drill stem may be solid.  
         [0061]    Refer now to FIG. 13 showing an enlarged schematic section in elevation taken through a thin wall corrugation of a cutting saw blade before cutting large amounts of hard material. The walls  42  and  43  correspond to upper and lower surfaces shown in FIGS. 8 and 11 and are connected by the transition piece  44 . Ordinarily, diamond saw blades are dressed or run-in to provide a true diameter or edge. However, the wall or sides  42  and  43  comprise a concentration of about 80 percent large and small diamonds and any dressing tool other than a diamond would have difficulty affecting the shape. Accordingly, extreme care is taken in the manufacture of the thin wall corrugated matrix blade, and the start of a first cut comprises a high-speed test cut. If the blade is in round and balanced, cutting may be begun without dressing, otherwise, slow cuts are made until the blade dresses itself for high speed cuts up to 30,000 RPM and cutting speeds up to four inches per second on very hard to cut substrates.  
         [0062]    Refer again to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 both showing a preferred embodiment singulation blade before cutting and after extensive cutting, respectively. The large diamonds  49  are shown having points or protrusions that extend outward from the matrix wall. As explained hereinbefore, not all diamonds have to be thicker than the walls  42  and  43  to provide the preferred protrusion height of three to five microns from the side walls  42 ,  43  and transition wall  44 . In one example a layer of copper 3 to 5 microns is deposited on the mandrel with the large diamonds  49 . Then the nickel matrix is deposited on the copper with over fifty percent by volume of small diamonds not shown. Control plating is stopped before covering the top points of the large diamonds leaving a predetermined protrusion of 3 to 5 microns. The flash layer of copper is preferably removed before the blade is used for singulation. Other methods of providing equal protrusion on both sides of the bosses or surfaces  42  and  43  have been tried such as pressing the diamonds into a soft mandrel or a soft layer and then plating the matrix over the diamonds. Plating a soft removable layer first has advantages. In the broadest scope of the invention the large diamonds are introduced into the matrix first, followed by the small diamonds. When the high points on the large diamonds protrude a predetermined amount the plating is stopped and a usable blade is removed from the mandrel.  
         [0063]    It will be noted that the walls  42 ,  43  and  44  all have the same density and concentration of large and small diamonds. The sidewalls  42  and  43  form a cutting disc a little less than 50 percent of a solid disc, whereas the transition portion forms a central intermediate disc of two thicknesses of the matrix material. There is one transition for each boss or portion of the wall  42  and  43 , thus, the amount of matrix material in the center section is a fraction of that in the side wall. As shown in FIG. 14 the center transition wall  44  wears faster than the side walls  42  and  43 . The concave end  48  is a preferred shape for singulation saw blades. The side walls  42  and  43  tend to wear uniformly flat so that minimum chipping occurs when the walls  42  and  43  break through the bottom surface of a substrate.  
         [0064]    Refer now to FIG. 15 showing both necessary and optional steps employed in making one embodiment of a thin wall plated corrugated shape annular disc used in singulation saws. Blocks  51  through  56  are self-explanatory and provide one embodiment. It is possible to perform the plating steps in a single plating tank when the disc is small, however, this requires flushing the tank when switching to a different plating bath. It is easier to switch the mandrel to different plating baths and baths with different size diamonds. The inclusion of steps that are optional or those that may be performed differently does not detract from the broad concept of plating both large diamonds and small diamonds in the same nickel matrix to provide a thin wall corrugated singulation saw blade having a concentration of diamonds in excess of fifty percent. The protrusion of large diamonds from all walls  42  to  44  may be obtained by controlling the mandrel, the mandrel parting layer or a throw away layer while plating the matrix nickel as one continuous step.  
         [0065]    Refer now to FIG. 16 showing a block diagram of method steps which may be employed to make the novel thin wall corrugated shaped elements used for different types of singulation saws. As explained hereinbefore it is possible to substitute a parting layer for steps  58  and  59  which results in the elimination of step  63 . The purpose of FIG. 16 is to explain in detail seven steps that have been employed to make the novel corrugated thin wall singulation saw blade that may be used as made or attached to support disc or band saw blades. When steps  58  and  59  are omitted the large diamonds are preferably plated on a special mandrel that allows large diamonds to protrude from the bottom wall or boss and the small diamonds may be plated in the same bath from which the large diamonds were plated.  
         [0066]    Having explained the two complete methods of making the novel corrugated thin wall singulation saw blade and how each method may be modified to accomplish the equivalent end result it will be understood that numerous methods may be assembled from the steps of the methods explained with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16.  
         [0067]    Thin wall diamond saw blades comprising diamonds are encapsulated into different hardnesses of a nickel matrix so that the cutting edge of the blades may withstand thousands of pounds of force per square inch of contract cutting area. No better way has been found than to make blades of different matrix metals and then test the blades under actual stress conditions.  
         [0068]    As explained hereinbefore a blade that tends to clog cannot be used until it wears out because its useful cutting speed and ability to cut clean is lost before it wears out. The present invention saw blade cuts clean and does not clog and if properly used will simultaneously cut and polish any known hard material that can be cut with a diamond tool.  
         [0069]    The present invention is capable of cutting speeds more than twice that of solid disc blades and may be employed in a forward or reverse direction and still cut clean without clogging even when cutting dry without cooling fluid which cannot be used on some types of substrates.