Abstract:
The invention relates to a herbicide composition comprising as herbicidally active ingredient an urea derivative and/or a thiolcargamate derivative and/or a chloroacetanilide derivative together with a nitrile derivative of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R 1  and R 2  which are the same or different, stand for hydroger, halogen or a methyl, ethyl, allyl, vinyl, phenyl or benzyl group; or 
     R 1  and R 2  together may stand for a benzylidene group; and 
     R 3  means chlorine or a methyl, phenyl, chlorophenyl, alkoxyphenyl, chlorophenylamino, anilino, anilinomethylene, N-alkylanilinomethylene, N,N-dialkylanilinomethylene, alkoxyanilinomethylene, benzylaminomethylene, cyclohexylaminomethylene, N-alkyl-cyclohexylaminomethylene, hexamethyleniminomethylene, phthalimidomethylene, nitrophthalimidomethylene, morpholinomethylene, piperidinomethylene, C 1-3  alkylaminomethylene, allylaminomethylene or di(C 1-3  alkyl)aminorethylene group 
     and/or together with a cyanopyridine and/or with a benzonitrile derivative optionally mono- or polysubstituted by halogen(s) or C 1-3  alkoxy group(s) as antidote(s) in a mass ratio from 40:1 to 1:1 of the herbicidally active ingredient to the antidote nitrile derivative.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a herbicide composition containing as active ingredient a urea derivative of the formula (II) ##STR2## and/or a thiolcarbamate derivative of the formula (III) ##STR3## and/or a chloroacetanilide derivative of the formula (IV) ##STR4## and as an antidote a nitrile derivative of the formula (I) ##STR5## and/or a cyanopyridine and/or a benzonitrile derivative optionally mono- or polysubstituted by halogen or C 1-3  alkoxy diminishing the phytotoxicity of the active ingredient. 
     In the formula (I) 
     R 1  and R 2  which are the same or different, stand for hydrogen, halogen or a methyl, ethyl, allyl, vinyl, phenyl or benzyl group; or 
     R 1  and R 2  together may stand for a benzylidene group; and 
     R 3  means chlorine or a methyl, phenyl, chlorophenyl, alkoxyphenyl, chlorophenylamino, anilino, anilinomethylene, N-alkylanilinomethylene, N,N-dialkylanilinomethylene, alkoxyanilinomethylene, benzylaminomethylene, cyclohexylaminomethylene, N-alkyl-cyclohexylaminomethylene, hexamethyleniminomethylene, phthalimidomethylene, nitrophthalimidomethylene, morpholinomethylene, piperidinomethylene, C 1-3  alkylaminomethylene, allylaminomethylene or di(C 1-3  alkyl)aminomethylene group. 
     In the formula (II) 
     R 4  and R 5  which are the same or different, stand for a methyl or methoxy group; 
     R 6  and R 7  which are the same or different, represent hydrogen, halogen, a C 1-3  alkyl or a methoxy group. 
     In the formula (III) 
     R 8  and R 9  which are the same or different, stand for a C 1-4  alkyl group or a cyclohexyl group; or 
     R 8  and R 9  together may stand for a hexamethylene group; 
     R 10  is an ethyl, propyl, benzyl, chlorobenzyl, 2,3-dichlorobenzyl or a 2,3-dichloroallyl group. 
     In the formula (IV) 
     R 11  stands for an alkoxyalkyl group containing 2 to 5 carbon atoms; and 
     R 12  and R 13  which are the same or different, stand for a methyl or ethyl group. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The urea derivatives of the formula (II), the triolcarbamate derivatives of formula (III) and the chloroacetanilide derivatives of formula (IV) have long been known as herbicidally active agents and are widely used for plant protection. 
     It is known however that these active agents, when used in an effective dose for the herbicidal action, also exert a damaging action of varying extent on the cultivated plants. 
     In the fifties, Hoffmann recognized that some compounds such as 1,8-naphthalic acid and its salts are useful for the decrease in the phytotoxicity of these herbicides [see the U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,131,509 and 3,702,759]. 
     Since that time, the research into antidote compounds has had an intense development. 
     As a result of the researches carried out in the Stauffer Chemical Company, a novel type of antidotes, i.e. the N,N-disubstituted dichloroacetamides have been recognized [see the German Pat. (DE-PS) Nos. 2,218,097 and 2,350,800]. Since then, several groups of such compounds have been developed which are useful for diminishing the phytotoxicity, although their activity is different. 
     The antidote effect of a newer type of compounds, i.e. dicarboxylic acid derivatives (esters and amides) is described in the Hungarian Pat. No. 176,669. 
     Since the mechanism of action of the phytotoxicity of the above-mentioned herbicide agents is various and contraversial and the effect of the antidotes developed up to now is varying, this research is being continued. 
     In addition to the esters and amines, among the dicarboxylic acid derivatives as antidotes, the dinitrile derivatives [e.g. phthalic acid dinitrile (phthalonitrile) and terephthalic acid dinitrile (terephthalonitrile)] are also mentioned as substances diminishing phytotoxicity (Hungarian Pat. No. 176,669). 
     Likewise, the antidote effect of dinitrile derivatives is disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,260,555 and in the Soviet Pat. No. 880,242. The structure of these compounds is rather complicated. Thus, the preparation of them is difficult and expensive. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Now we have found, in our research aimed at the development of antidotes that the phytotoxicity of the urea derivatives of formula (II), thiolcarbamate derivatives of the formula (III) and chloroacetanilide derivatives of the formula (IV) as herbicide agents can effectively be decreased without influencing their herbicide effects by using the nitrile derivatives of the formula (I) or cyanopyridines or benzonitriles mono- or polysubstituted by halogen or alkoxy. 
     In the formula (I) 
     R 1  and R 2  which are the same or different, stand for hydrogen, halogen or a methyl, ethyl, allyl, vinyl, phenyl, or benzyl group; or 
     R 1  and R 2  together may stand for a benzylidene group; and 
     R 3  is chlorine or a methyl, phenyl, chlorophenyl, alkoxyphenyl, chlorophenylamino, anilino, anilinomethylene, N-alkylanilinomethylene, N,N-dialkylanilinomethylene, alkoxyanilinomethylene, benzylaminomethylene, cyclohexylaminomethylene, N-alkyl-cyclohexylaminomethylene, hexamethyleniminomethylene, phthalimidomethylene, nitro-phthalimidomethylene, morpholinomethylene, piperidinomethylene, C 1-3  alkylaminomethylene, allylaminomethylene or a di(C 1-3  alkyl)aminomethylene group. 
     The most important compounds of the formula (I) together with the substituents as well as the physical characteristics (melting point, refractive index) of these compounds and the cyanopyridines and substituted benzonitriles are summarized in Table 1. 
     
                                           TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________                              Physical characteristics            Substituents      m.p.No.   Compound      R.sub.1                R.sub.2                    R.sub.3   °C.                                   Refractive index1  2             3   4   5         6    7__________________________________________________________________________ 1 Pivalonitrile methyl                methyl                    methyl    15   -- 2 Trichloroacetonitrile            Cl  Cl  Cl        --   1.440 3 4-Ethoxyphenylaceto-            H   H   4-ethoxy- 39-43                                   --   nitrile               phenyl 4 2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)butyro-            H   ethyl                    4-ethoxy- --   1.5117   nitrile               phenyl 5 2-Phenyl-2-methylpropio-            methyl                methyl                    phenyl    --   1.5041   nitrile 6 2-Phenylbutyronitrile            H   ethyl                    phenyl    --   1.5065 7 2-Benzyl-2-phenylbutyro-            ethyl                benzyl                    phenyl    --   1.5607   nitrile 8 2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-            methyl                methyl                    4-ethoxyphenyl                              56-58                                   --   methylpropionitrile 9 2,3-Diphenylacrylonitrile            benzylidene                    phenyl    86-88                                   --10 2-Cyanopyridine            --  --  --        212-215                                   --11 3-Cyanopyridine            --  --  --        50-52                                   --12 4-Cyanopyridine            --  --  --        78-80                                   --13 2-Ethyl-2-phenylbutyro-            ethyl                ethyl                    phenyl    --   1.5039   nitrile14 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-            ethyl                ethyl                    4-chloro- 53-57                                   --   butyronitrile         phenyl15 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-            methyl                methyl                    4-chloro- --   1.5204   methylpropionitrile   phenyl16 2-Chlorophenylaceto-            H   H   2-chloro- --   1.5440   nitrile               phenyl17 3-Chlorophenylaceto-            H   H   3-chloro- --   1.5437   nitrile               phenyl18 4-Chlorophenylaceto-            H   H   4-chloro- 265-267                                   --   nitrile               phenyl19 Diphenylacetonitrile            H   phenyl                    phenyl    71-73                                   --20 3-Phthalimidopropionitrile            H   H   phthalimido-                              153-154                                   --                    methylene21 3-(3-Nitrophthalimido)-            H   H   3-nitro-  132-134                                   --   propionitrile         phthalimido-                    methylene22 3-(4-Nitrophthalimido)-            H   H   4-nitro-  136-138                                   --   propionitrile         phthalimido-                    methylene23 2-Allyl-2-phenyl-4-pentene-            allyl                allyl                    phenyl    --   1.5243   nitrile24 3-Anilinopropionitrile            H   H   anilino-  48-49                                   --                    methylene25 3-Cyclohexylaminopropio-            H   H   cyclohexyl-                              --   1.4737   nitrile               aminomethylene26 3-Benzylaminopropio-            H   H   benzylamino-                              --   1.5272   nitrile               methylene27 3-N--(Ethylcyclohexyl)-            H   H   N--ethylcyclohexyl-                              --   1.4709   aminopropionitrile    aminomethylene28 3-N--(Methylanilino)-            H   H   N--methylanilino-                              --   1.5591   propionitrile         methylene29 3-N--(Ethylanilino)-            H   H   N--ethylanilino-                              --   1.5528   nitrile               methylene30 3-N--(Isopropylanilino)-            H   H   N--ispropyl-                              --   1.5418   propionitrile         anilino-                    methylene31 3-Hexamethylenimino-            H   H   hexamethylen-                              --   1.4727   propionitrile         iminomethylene32 3-Morpholinopropio-            H   H   morpholino-                              --   1.4698   nitrile               methylene33 3-Piperidinopropionitrile            H   H   piperidinomethylene                              --   1.469034 3-(4-Methoxyanilino)-            H   H   4-methoxy-                              62-64                                   --   propionitrile         anilino-                    methylene35 3-(2,6-Diethylanilino)-            H   H   2,6-diethyl-                              --   1.5431   propionitrile         anilino-                    methylene36 2-Anilinoacetonitrile            H   H   Anilino   45-47                                   --37 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-            H   H   4-chloro- 92-95                                   --   aminoacetonitrile     phenylamino38 Phenylacetonitrile            H   H   phenyl    --   1.523639 2-Anilinopropionitrile            H   methyl                    anilino   86-88                                   --40 (4-Methoxyphenyl)aceto-            H   H   4-methoxy-                              --   1.5318   nitrile               phenyl41 3-Methylaminopropio-            H   H   methylamino-                              --   1.4348   nitrile               methylene42 3-Diethylaminopropio-            H   H   diethylamino-                              --   1.4358   nitrile               methylene43 3-Phthalimido-2-methylpro-            H   H   phthalimido-                              94-96                                   --   pionitrile            methylene44 2-Methyl-3-(4-nitro-            H   methyl                    4-nitrophthal-                              --   --   phthalimido)propionitrile                    imidomethylene45 2-Methyl-3-(3-nitrophthal-            H   methyl                    3-nitro-phthal-                                   --   imido)-propionitrile  imidomethylene46 3-Anilino-2-methylpropio-            H   methyl                    anilinomethylene                                   1.4714   nitrile47 3-Benzylamino-2-methyl-            H   methyl                    benzylamino-                              --   1.5312   propionitrile         methylene48 3-N--Methylanilino-2-            H   methyl                    N--methyl-                              --   1.5510   methylpropionitrile   anilino-                    ethylene49 3-Cyclohexylamino-2-            H   methyl                    ciklohexyl-                              --   1.4797   methylpropionitrile   aminomethylene50 3-N--Ethylanilino-2-            H   methyl                    N--ethylanilino-                                   1.5484   methylpropionitrile   methylene51 3-N--Isopropylanilino-            H   methyl                    N--isopropyl-  1.5392   2-methylpropionitrile anilinomethylene52 2-Chlorobenzonitrile            --  --  --        44-45                                   --53 2,4,6-Trimethoxy-            --  --  --        92-94                                   --   benzonitrile54 3-Chlorobenzonitrile            --  --  --        38-40                                   --55 4-Chlorobenzonitrile            --  --  --        91-93                                   --56 3-(2,6-Dimethylanilino)-            H   H   2,6-dimethyl-                              --   1.4832   propionitrile         anilinomethylene57 3-(6-Ethyl-2-methyl-            H   H   6-ethyl-2-                              --   1.4916   anilino)propionitrile methylanilino-                    methylene58 3-(n-Propylamino)-            H   H   propylamino-                              --   1.4354   propionitrile         methylene59 3-Allylaminopropio-            H   H   allylamino-                              --   1.4547   nitrile               methylene__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     For the preparation of the nitrile derivatives of the formula (I), several processes are known in the literature. 
     Pivalonitrile, item No. 1 in Table I, which is the simplest derivative can be prepared by reacting pivalic acid with ammonia under dehydrating conditions [see the German Pat. No. 3,216,382]. However, pivalonitrile (trimethylacetoritrile) can also be prepared by reacting the appropriate olefin, i.e. isobutylene with hydrogen cyanide at an elevated temperature [see the U.S. Pat. No. 2,455,995]. 
     According to K. Rokrig et al., 4-ethoxyphenylacetonitrile is prepared by reacting 4-ethoxybenzyl chloride with sodium cyanide (Org. Synth. Coll. Vol. IV., p. 576). 
     M. Lora et al. transformed pivalic acid to the acid chloride by using thionyl chloride in the first step, and the acid chloride was then reacted with ammonia to give pivalic acid amide. This amide was reacted with phosphorus pentoxide in a solvent to yield pivalonitrile (Anales Real. Soc. Espan. 48B, p. 414-420). 
     Among the urea derivatives of the formula (II), the phytotoxicity of which is decreased by the nitrile derivatives of the formula (I), 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (monuron), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron), 3-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (metoxuron), 3-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (chlortoluron), 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1-methoxyurea (monoliruror), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1-methoxyurea (linuron), 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1-methyl-1-methoxyurea (metobromuron), 3-(4-bromo-3-chloropheryl)-1-methyl-1-methoxyurea (chlorbromuron), 3-[3-(trifluormethyl)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (fluometuron), 1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea (fenuron) and 1,1-dimethyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)urea (isoproturon) are well known substances. 
     Among the thiolcarbamate derivatives of the formula (III), for which the nitrile derivatives of the formula (I) are useful antidotes, the following compounds are well known and widely used in the practice: S-ethyl N,N-diisobutylthiolcarbamate (butylate), S-ethyl N,N-di(n-propyl)thiolcarbamate (EPTC), S-ethyl N,N-hexamethylenethiolcarbamate (molinate), S-ethyl N-cyclohexyl-N-ethylthiolcarbamate (cycloate), S-propyl N,N-di(n-propyl)thiolcarbamate (vernolate), S-(2,3-dichloroallyl) N,N-diisopropylthiolcarbamate (diallate), S-(4-chlorobenzyl)-N,N-diethylthiolcarbamate (thiobencarb) and S-benzyl N,N-di(secundary-butyl)thiolcarbamate. 
     Among the chloroacetanilide derivatives of the formula (IV), the phytotoxicity of which is diminished by the nitrile derivatives of the formula (I), the most known substances are as follows: 
     2-chloro-2&#39;,6&#39;-diethyl-N(methoxymethyl)acetanilide (alachlor), 
     2-chloro-2&#39;-ethyl-6&#39;-methyl-N-(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide (acetochlor), 
     2-chloro-2&#39;-ethyl-6&#39;-methyl-N-(1-methyl-2-methoxyethyl)acetanilide (metolachlor) and 
     2-chloro-2&#39;,6&#39;-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl)acetanilide (butachlor). 
     As clearly seen from Table I, the nitrile derivatives of the formula (I) are partly solids and partly liquids. 
     The solid nitrile derivatives can be formulated e.g. to wettable powders (WP) by using the common additives of plant protective compositions (carriers, surface active agents), which may be applied together with herbicide compositions of a similar formulation in the form of tank mixtures. 
     Both the liquid and solid nitrile derivatives can be formulated e.g. to stable emulsifiable concentrates by selecting a suitable solvent and emulsifying agent which may be mixed with herbicide emulsifiable concentrates and may be applied in the form of tank mixtures. 
     The nitrile derivatives may also be formulated together with the urea derivatives and/or thiolcarbamate derivatives and/or chloroacetanilide derivatives. 
    
    
     SPECIFIC EXAMPLES 
     The formulations containing the nitrile derivatives alone as well as the compositions formulated together with herbicide agents are illustrated in detail in the following non-limiting Examples. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing 2,3-diphenylacrylonitrile (compound No. 9) as antidote 
     
         ______________________________________             % by mass______________________________________2,3-Diphenylacrylonitrile               10Atlox 4857B emulsifying agent               10Xylene              80______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing trichloroacetonitrile (compound No. 2) as antidote 
     
         ______________________________________           % by mass______________________________________Trichloroacetonitrile             20Emulsogen IP 400  10Xylene            70______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing 2-benzyl-2-phenylbutyronitrile (compound No. 7) as antidote 
     
         ______________________________________             % by mass______________________________________2-Benzyl-2-phenylbutyronitrile               30Atlox 4857B emulsifying agent               10Xylene              60______________________________________ 
    
     Emulsifiable concentrates with a similar composition may be prepared by using 4-chlorophenylacetonitrile (compound No. 18), 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropionitrile (compound No. 15), or 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)butyronitrile (compound No. 4) as antidotes. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing pivaloritrile (compound No. 1) as antidote 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________Pivalonitrile         50Emulsogen IP 400 emulsifying agent                 10Xylene                40______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing 2-cyanopyridine (compound No. 10) as antidote 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________2-Cyanopyridine       50Emulsogen IP 400 emulsifying agent                 10Xylene                40______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 6 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing 2-methyl-2-phenylpropionitrile (compound No. 5) as antidote 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________2-Methyl-2-phenylpropionitrile                 20Arkopon T              5Dispergiermittel SI dispersing agent                  5Zeolit 424 carrier    70______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing (4-ethoxyphenyl)acetonitrile (compound No. 3) as antidote 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetonitrile                 40Arkopon T              5Dispergiermittel SI dispersing agent                  5Zeolit 424 carrier    50______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 8 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing 3-cyanopyridine (compound No. 11) as antidote 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________3-Cyanopyridine       70Arkopon T              5Dispergiermittel SI dispersing agent                  5Zeolex 424 carrier    20______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 9 
     Composition of a water-soluble concentrate (WSC) containing pivalonitrile (compound No. 1) as antidote 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________Pivalonitrile         90Emulsogen IP 400 emulsifying agent                 10______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 10 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing 4-cyanopyridine (compound No. 12) as antidote 
     
         ______________________________________             % by mass______________________________________4-Cyanopyridine     10Atlox 4857B emulsifying agent               10Chlorobenzene       80______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 11 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropionitrile (compound No. 8) as antidote 
     
         ______________________________________                 % by mass______________________________________2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropionitrile                   40Atlox 4857B emulsifying agent                   15Xylene                  45______________________________________ 
    
     The nitrile derivatives of the formula (I) can be well formulated together with the urea derivatives of the formula (II) and/or the thiolcarbamate derivatives of the formula (III) and/or with chloroacetanilide derivatives of the formula (IV) as illustrated in the following Examples. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                 % by mass______________________________________N--(3,4-Dichlorphenyl)-N&#39;--methyl-N&#39;--                   50methoxyureaTrichloroacetonitrile (compound No. 2)                   25Amorphous silicic acid carrier                   20Fatty alcohol sulfonate 2.5Sodium lignin sulfonate 2.5______________________________________ 
    
     The above components are homogenized in a powder mixer, then finely ground in an Alpine 100 LU type laboratory mill. The floatability of the composition amounts to 88%. 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote and a thiolcarbamate as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                  % by mass______________________________________S--Ethyl N,N--di(n-propyl)thiolcarbamate                    64.82-Ethyl-2-phenylbutyronitrile (compound                    10.0No. 13)Atlox 4857B emulsifying agent                    4.3Atlox 3400 B emulsifying agent                    2.9Kerosine                 18.0______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 14 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote and a thiolcarbamate as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                  % by mass______________________________________S--Propyl N,N--di(n-propyl)thiolcarbamate                    67.5Trichloroacetonitrile (compound No. 2)                    10.0Tensiofix AS emulsifying agent                    4.3Tensiofix IS emulsifying agent                    2.9Kerosine                 15.3______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 15 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________1,1-Dimethyl-3-phenylurea                 503-Cyanopyridine (compound No. 11)                 10Zeolit 424 carrier    20Siliceous earth carrier                 20Netzer IS wetting agent                 2Dispergiermittel      3Sulfite waste powder  5______________________________________ 
    
     The above components are homogenized in a powder mixer, then finely ground in an Alpine 100 LU type laboratory mill. The floatability of the composition amounts to 88%. 
     EXAMPLE 16 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                  % by mass______________________________________3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea                    402,3-Diphenylacrylonitrile (compound No. 9)                    40Zeolit 424 carrier       12Netzer IS wetting agent  1.5Dispergiermittel         2.5Sulfite waste powder     4.0______________________________________ 
    
     The above components are treated as described in Example 15 to give a powder composition with a floatability of 82.5%. 
     EXAMPLE 17 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________1,1-Dimethyl-3-[(3-(trifluoromethyl)-                 50phenyl]-urea4-Cyanopyridine (compound No. 12)                 25Zeolit 424 carrier    15Netzer IS             2Dispergiermittel      3Sulfite waste powder  5______________________________________ 
    
     The above components are treated as described in Example 15 to give a powder composition with a floatability of 86.4%. 
     EXAMPLE 18 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1-                 48methoxyureaPremix containing pivalonitrile                 20Siliceous earth carrier                 22Netzer IS wetting agent                 2Dispergiermittel      3Sulfite waste powder  5______________________________________ 
    
     The above components are treated as described in Example 15 to give a powder composition with a floatability of 76%. 
     The premix containing the above antidote was prepared in such a way that 2 parts by mass of pivalonitrile (compound No. 1) as antidote were dissolved in 5 parts by mass of dichloromethane as solvent, then the thus-obtained solution was sprayed onto 18 parts by mass of Sipermat 50 synthetic silicate carrier under stirring, then the solvent was evaporated at 50° C. 
     EXAMPLE 19 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                % by mass______________________________________3-(4-Bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1-                  50methoxyureaPremix containing 2-benzyl-2-phenyl-                  25butyronitrileSiliceous earth carrier                  15Netzer IS wetting agent                  2Dispergiermittel       3Sulfite waste powder   5______________________________________ 
    
     The above components are treated as described in Example 15 to give a powder composition with a floatability of 78.4%. 
     The premix containing the above antidote was prepared in such a way that 5 parts by mass of 2-benzyl-2-phenylbutyronitrile (compound No. 7) as antidote were dissolved in 5 parts by mass of dichloromethane, then the thus-obtained solution was sprayed onto 20 part by mass of Sipermat 50 synthetic silicate carrier and the solvent was evaporated at 50° C. 
     EXAMPLE 20 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________1,1-Dimethyl-3-phenylurea                 18Pivalonitrile (compound No. 1)                 2Emulsogen IP 400 emulsifying agent                 6.4Emulsogen EL 400 emulsifying agent                 1.61:1 mixture of xylene with dichloro-                 72.0methane______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 21 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                % by mass______________________________________3-(4-Bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1-                  35methoxyurea4-Ethoxyphenylacetonitrile (compound                  5No. 3)Emulsogen IP 400 emulsifying agent                  7.2Emulsogen EL 400 emulsifying agent                  0.82:2:1 mixture of xylene with dichloro-                  52.0methane and dimethylformamide______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 22 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                % by mass______________________________________3-(4-Bromophenyl)-1-methyl-1-methoxy-                  24urea2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-ethylbutyro-                  3nitrile (compound No. 14)Emulsogen IP 400 emulsifying agent                  6.4Emulsogen EL 400 emulsifying agent                  1.62:2:1 mixture of xylene with dichloro-                  62.0methane and dimethylformamide______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 23 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________1,1-Dimethyl-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-                 23phenyl]-urea3-Cyanopyridine (compound No. 11)                 2Emulsogen IP 400 emulsifying agent                 6.4Emulsogen EL 400 emulsifying agent                 1.61:1 mixture of xylene with dimethyl-                 67.0formamide______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 24 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote and a chloroacetanilide as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                 % by mass______________________________________2-Chloro-2&#39;,6&#39;-diethyl-N--methoxymethyl-                   35acetanilide2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-ethylbutyronitrile                   5(compound No. 14)Emulsogen IP 400 emulsifying agent                   6.4Emulsogen EL 400 emulsifying agent                   1.63:1 mixture of Aromatol with dimethyl-                   52.0formamide______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 25 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing antidote with a chloroacetanilide and an urea as active ingredients 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________2-Chloro-2&#39;,6&#39;-diethyl-N--methoxy-                 32methylacetanilide3-(4-Bromophenyl)-1-methyl-1-methoxy-                 15ureaPivalonitrile (compound No. 1)                 3Emulsogen IP 400 emulsifying agent                 7.2Emulsogen EL 400 emulsifying agent                 0.82:2:1 mixture of xylene with dichloro-                 42methane and dimethylformamide______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 26 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote with a chloroacetanilide and an urea as active ingredients 
     
         ______________________________________                % by mass______________________________________2-Chloro-2&#39;,6&#39;-diethyl-N--methoxy-                  31methylacetanilide3-(4-Bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1-                  15methoxyurea3-Cyanopyridine (compound No. 11)                  2Emulsogen IP 400 emulsifying agent                  7.2Emulsogen EL 400 emulsifying agent                  0.81:1 mixture of cyclohexanone with                  44Aromatol______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 27 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote and a thiolcarbamate as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                 % by mass______________________________________S--Ethyl N,N--diisobutylthiolcarbamate                   90.02-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)butyronitrile (com-                   1.0pound No. 4)Atlox 3400 B emulsifying agent                   2.0Atlox 4857B emulsifying agent                   4.0Kerosine                3.0______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 28 
     Composition of a granulate containing an antidote and a thiolcarbamate as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                 % by mass______________________________________S--Ethyl N,N--hexamethylenethiolcarbamate                   5.03-Cyclohexylaminopropionitrile                   3.0(compound No. 25)Calcined siliceous earth granulate                   92.0carrier______________________________________ 
    
     The above thiolcarbamate active ingredient and the antidote are dissolved in 10% by mass of dichloromethane and sprayed onto the carrier in a rotary granulating equipment under stirring, then the solvent is evaporated at 50° C. to give a granulate with a particle size of 0.2 to 1.0 mm. 
     EXAMPLE 29 
     Composition of a suspension (suspendable) concentrate containing an antidote with a thiolcarbamate and an urea as active ingredients 
     
         ______________________________________                % by mass______________________________________S--Ethyl N--cyclohexyl-N--ethylthiol-                  40.0carbamate3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl                  40.0urea3-Phthalimidopropionitrile (compound                  5.0No. 20)Atlox 4896 B emulsifying agent                  6.0Atlox 4857 B emulsifying agent                  2.0Aqueous thickening solution of 2% by                  7.0mass of a polysaccharide______________________________________ 
    
     The tiolcarbamate active ingredient and the emulsifying agents are homogenized by stirring, then the urea active ingredient and the antidote are suspended in the mixture under stirring. The thus-obtained coarse disperse system is finely ground in a laboratory pearl mill and then homogenized with the thickening solution to give a suspension (suspendable) concentrate with a particle size lower than 10μ (in 92%) and having a floatability of 88.2%. 
     EXAMPLE 30 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote and a thiolcarbamate active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                 % by mass______________________________________S--(2,3-Dichloroallyl) N,N--diisopropyl-                   40.0thioIcarbamate4-Methoxyphenylacetonitrile (compound                   4.0No. 40)Atlox 3400 B emulsifying agent                   2.2Atlox 4857 B emulsifying agent                   3.84:1 mixture of xylene with isophorone                   50.0______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 31 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote with a thiolcarbamate and a chloroacetanilide as active ingredients 
     
         ______________________________________                 % by mass______________________________________S--(4-Chlorobenzyl) N,N--diethylthiol-                   75.0carbamate2-Chloro-2&#39;-ethyl-6&#39;-methyl-N--ethoxy-                   5.0methylacetanilide3-Cyclohexylamino-2-methylpropionitrile                   2.0(compound No 49)Tensiofix AS emulsifying agent                   2.5Tensiofix IS emulsifying agent                   5.5Xylene                  10.0______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 32 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                % by mass______________________________________3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-                  80.0urea4-Chlorophenylacetonitrile (compound                  2.0No. 18)Netzer IS wetting agent                  2.0Dispergiermittel 1494 dispersing agent                  4.0Wessalon S carrier     12.0______________________________________ 
    
     The above components are treated as described in Example 15 to give a powder composition with a floatability of 86.4%. 
     EXAMPLE 33 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote with an urea and a chloroacetanilide as active ingredients 
     
         ______________________________________                 % by mass______________________________________2-Chloro-2&#39;-ethyl-6&#39;-methyl-N--(1-methyl-                   60.02-methoxyethyl)acetanilide3-(3-Chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,1-                   5.0dimethylurea3-N--Isopropylanilino-2-methylpropio-                   5.0nitrile (compound No. 51)Tensiofix AS emulsifying agent                   6.5Tensiofix IS emulsifying agent                   1.51:1 mixture of xylene with cyclohexanone                   22.0______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 34 
     Composition of an equeous suspension (suspendable) concentrate containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                 % by mass______________________________________3-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)-1,1-di-                   46.0methylurea2-Chlorobenzonitrile (compound No. 52)                   4.0Atlox 4853 B emulsifying agent                   5.0Atlox 4896 B emulsifying agent                   3.0Water                   35.0Aqueous thickening solution of 2% by                   7.0mass of a polysaccharide______________________________________ 
    
     The emulsifying agents are dissolved in the water, then the urea active ingredient and the antidote are suspended in the solution. Thereafter, the coarse disperse system is finely ground in a laboratory pearl mill and then homogenized with the thickening solution to give an aqueous suspension concentrate with a particle size lower than 10μ (in 93.6%) and having a floatability of 91.4%. 
     EXAMPLE 35 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                % by mass______________________________________1,1-Dimethyl-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)urea                  72.02,4,6-Trimethoxybenzonitrile (compound                  8.0No. 53)Netzer IS wetting agent                  2.5Dispergiermittel 1494 dispersing agent                  3.5Ultrasyl VN 3 carrier  14.0______________________________________ 
    
     The above components are treated as described in Example 15 to give a powder composition with a floatability of 87.2%. 
     EXAMPLE 36 
     Composition of a wettable powder containing an antidote and an urea as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________               % by mass______________________________________3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea                 76.02-(4-Chlorophenylamino)acetonitrile                 4.0(compound No. 37)Netzer IS wetting agent                 2.0Dispergiermittel 1494 dispersing agent                 4.0Ultrasyl VN 3 carrier 14.0______________________________________ 
    
     The above components are treated as described in Example 15 to give a powder composition with a floatability of 85.9%. 
     EXAMPLE 37 
     Composition of an emulsifiable concentrate containing an antidote and a chloroacetanilide as active ingredient 
     
         ______________________________________                  % by mass______________________________________2-Chloro-2&#39;,6&#39;-diethyl-N--butoxymethyl-                    78.0acetanilide2-Methyl-2-phenylpropionitrile (compound                    2.0No. 5)Tensiofix AS emulsifying agent                    3.6Tensiofix IS emulsifying agent                    2.41:1 mixture of xylene with dimethyl-                    14.0formamide______________________________________ 
    
     The auxiliary materials used in the above formulation Examples were as follows: 
     Emulsogen: a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate with fatty acid polyglycol esters (product of Hoechst) 
     Netzer: sodium alkylsulfonate (product of Hoechst) 
     Arkopon T: sodium oleylmethyltauride (product of Hoechst) 
     Dispergiermittel: a forecondensate of cresol and formaldehyde (product of Hoechst) 
     Atlox: a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate with poly(oxyethylene)alkylphenols (product of Atlas Chemie) 
     Tensiofix: octylphenyol polyglycol ether or nonylphenol polyglycol ether, respectively (product of Tensia) 
     Zeolex: a synthetic silicate carrier (product of Zeofinn Org. Hamine) 
     Wessalon S: a synthetic silicate carrier (product of Degussa) 
     Ultrasyl VN 3: a synthetic silicate carrier (product of Degussa) 
     Aromatol: a solvent mixture containing 98% of aromatic compounds with a boiling point of 145° to 190° C. (product of the Dunai Koolajipari Vallalat) (Duna Petroleum Industry Comp.). 
     The phytotoxicity decreasing effect of the nitrile derivatives of the formula (I) were investigated both in greenhouse as well as in field experiments. 
     During our inventigations, the percentage value of sprouting of the cultivated plant, the damaging effect observed on the cultivated plant and the herbicide action were measured by using the internationally accepted EWRC scores. These data are summarized in Table II. 
     
                       TABLE II______________________________________                                Herbi- Phytotoxic symptoms                 General appearance                                cideEWRC  observed on     of             effectscore cultivated plants          %______________________________________1     none            excellent      1002     very mild       very good      983     mild symptoms   good           954     strong but transient                 satisfactory   90 symptoms, decrease in crop5     symptoms of unknown                 problematic    82 origin6     observable harmful                 unsatisfactory 70 symptoms7     symptoms of a strong                 poor           55 damage8     symptoms of a very                 very poor      30 strong damage9     total perishment                 unsuitable      0______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 38 
     Study of the antidote effect on urea-type herbicides in greenhouse tests 
     These tests were carried out in cultivating pots with 4-fold repetitions. The pots of 14 cm in diameter were filled with soil, then 10 maize grains each were sown in the pots and covered with a soil layer of 4 cm in height. Then, the pots were treated with the appropriate amount of an urea-type herbicide and the formulated antidote. The plants were cultivated in a greenhouse and sprinkled when necessary. The sprouting plants were evaluated at the end of the fourth week following the sowing. The percentage of the sprouting and the EWRC score of the maize were determined. 
     
                       TABLE III______________________________________        Treatment withNitrile            Antidote Herbicide                              Sprout-compound Herbicide kg/hec-  kg/hec-                              ing   EWRCNo.      agent     tare     tare   %     score______________________________________1        Fenuron   2.5      2.0    93.3  11        Fenuron   2.5      1.0    93.3  21        Fenuron   0.5      2.0    96.6  11        Fenuron   0.5      1.0    93.3  12        Fenuron   0.5      2.0    95.0  211       Fenuron   0.5      2.0    93.0  21        Linuron   2.5      2.5    96.6  31        Linuron   2.5      1.25   95.3  31        Linuron   0.5      2.5    94.0  11        Linuron   0.5      1.25   93.5  12        Linuron   0.5      1.25   96.6  12        Linuron   0.5      2.50   95.0  22        Linuron   2.5      1.25   96.6  12        Linuron   2.5      2.50   92.5  23        Linuron   0.5      1.25   97.5  23        Linuron   0.5      2.50   96.6  33        Linuron   2.5      1.25   94.3  23        Linuron   2.5      2.50   93.5  24        Linuron   0.5      1.25   97.5  14        Linuron   0.5      2.50   95.0  24        Linuron   2.5      1.25   96.6  14        Linuron   2.5      2.50   94.0  26        Linuron   0.5      1.25   97.5  16        Linuron   0.5      2.50   96.6  26        Linuron   2.5      1.25   96.6  26        Linuron   2.5      2.50   92.0  38        Linuron   0.5      1.25   95.0  28        Linuron   0.5      2.50   93.5  28        Linuron   2.5      1.25   94.0  28        Linuron   2.5      2.50   92.0  29        Linuron   0.5      1.25   96.6  19        Linuron   0.5      2.50   92.5  29        Linuron   2.5      1.25   96.6  29        Linuron   2.5      2.50   92.5  211       Linuron   0.5      1.25   100.0 111       Linuron   0.5      2.50   96.6  111       Linuron   2.5      1.25   96.6  111       Linuron   2.5      2.50   96.6  112       Linuron   0.5      1.25   97.5  112       Linuron   0.5      2.50   95.0  212       Linuron   2.5      1.25   96.6  212       Linuron   2.5      2.50   92.5  313       Linuron   0.5      1.25   97.5  113       Linuron   0.5      2.50   97.5  113       Linuron   2.5      1.25   97.5  113       Linuron   2.5      2.50   97.5  114       Linuron   0.5      1.25   96.6  114       Linuron   0.5      2.50   95.0  214       Linuron   2.5      1.25   95.0  214       Linuron   2.5      2.50   92.5  215       Linuron   0.5      1.25   97.5  115       Linuron   0.5      2.50   95.0  215       Linuron   2.5      1.25   95.0  115       Linuron   2.5      2.50   92.5  216       Linuron   0.5      1.25   95.0  216       Linuron   0.5      2.50   95.0  216       Linuron   2.5      1.25   95.0  216       Linuron   2.5      2.50   95.0  217       Linuron   0.5      1.25   97.5  117       Linuron   0.5      2.50   95.0  217       Linuron   2.5      1.25   95.0  217       Linuron   2.5      2.50   92.5  318       Linuron   0.5      1.25   97.5  118       Linuron   0.5      2.50   97.5  118       Linuron   2.5      1.25   95.0  218       Linuron   2.5      2.50   95.0  219       Linuron   0.5      1.25   95.0  219       Linuron   0.5      2.50   95.0  219       Linuron   2.5      1.25   92.5  319       Linuron   2.5      2.50   92.5  323       Linuron   0.5      1.25   97.5  123       Linuron   0.5      2.50   97.5  123       Linuron   2.5      1.25   97.5  123       Linuron   2.5      2.50   97.5  152       Linuron   0.5      1.25   97.5  152       Linuron   0.5      2.50   95.0  252       Linuron   2.5      1.25   96.5  152       Linuron   2.5      2.50   95.0  2CGA 43.089    Linuron   0.5      1.25   92.5  3CGA 43.089    Linuron   0.5      2.50   90.0  3CGA 43.089    Linuron   2.5      1.25   89.0  3CGA 43.089    Linuron   2.5      2.50   89.0  3--       Linuron   --       2.0    88.0  7--       Fenuron   --       1.0    90.0  5--       Linuron   --       2.5    86.0  7--       Linuron   --       1.25   89.0  5--       untreated --       --     96.6  1    control______________________________________ 
    
     A known antidote, cyanomethoxy-iminophenylacetonitrile (code number: CGA 43,089: was used as reference agent in these experiments. 
     The data of Table III prove that the toxicity of both fenuron and linuron is diminished and the sprouting percentage of the maize is improved by using the nitrile derivatives. 
     EXAMPLE 39 
     Study of the antidote effect in the case of thiolcarbamate-type herbicides in greenhouse tests 
     These tests were carried out in pots of 14 cm in diameter with 5-fold repetitions. The pots were filled with sandy adobe soil to the two-thirds of their volume and 10 grains of maize each were placed in the pots. Then, the grains were covered with treated or untreated, respectively soil of 5 cm in height according to the given experiment. The soil was treated in such a way that the composition containing both the antidote and herbicide as calculated for the soil with a given surface area was diluted with a water amount corresponding to 400 liters/hectare and then, this mixture was sprayed onto the soil by using a rotary, small concrete mixer. In addition to the experimental samples treated with the herbicide alone or treated, respectively with both the antidote and herbicide, an untreated control was also used. 
     The plants were cultivated in a greenhouse and sprinkled when necessary. The evaluation was carried out at the end of the fourth week following the sowing. The percentage of sprouting and the EWRC score were determined; furthermore, the green weight of the sprouting plant was measured and related to that of the untreated control. The results are summarized in Table IV. 
     
                       TABLE IV______________________________________Treatment withNitrile Antidote Herbicide               Greencompound   kg/      EPTC      Sprouting                              EWRC  weightNo.     hectare  kg/hectare                      %       score %______________________________________1       2.50     --        83.3    1     85.81       2.50     8.0       80.0    1     99.71       0.50     8.0       76.6    1     100.810      2.50     --        83.3    1     98.710      2.50     8.0       83.3    1     87.513      0.50     8.0       80.0    1     92.121      0.50     8.0       80.0    3     94.521      1.00     8.0       83.3    2     94.419      0.50     8.0       83.3    1     96.019      0.75     8.0       76.6    3     91.018      0.50     8.0       76.6    3     90.018      0.75     8.0       83.3    1     97.9--      --       8.0       63.3    5     70.8R 25788 0.5      8.0       63.3    2     88.3--      --       --        83.3    1     100.0______________________________________ 
    
     It can clearly be seen from Table IV that, on using the nitrile antidotes according to the invention, both the percentage of sprouting and the green weight became more advantageous on comparison to the known antidote N,N-diallyldichloroacetamide (R 25788). 
     EXAMPLE 40 
     Study of the antidote effect in the case of chloroacetanilide-type herbicides in greenhouse tests 
     These tests were carried out in pots of 14 cm in diameter with 4-fold repetitions. The pots were filled with soil to the two-thirds of their volume and 10 sugar beet seeds each were sown in the pots, then covered with soil of 4 cm in height. The treatment was carried out with a tank mixture containing both the antidote and the chloroacetanilide-type herbicide. 
     The plants were cultivated in a greenhouse and sprinkled when necessary. The experiments were evaluated after sowing. The results are summarized in Table V. 
     
                       TABLE V______________________________________  Treatment withNitrile            Herbicidecompound Antidote  Acenit 50 EC                          Sprouting                                  EWRCNo.      kg/hectare              kg/hectare  %       %______________________________________1        2.5       --          73.3    11        2.5       10          53.3    11        2.5        5          76.6    11        0.5       --          90.0    11        0.5       10          43.3    11        0.5        5          73.3    110       2.5       --          80.0    110       2.5       10          50.0    510       2.5        5          73.3    110       0.5       --          76.6    110       0.5       10          46.6    510       0.5        5          80.0    111       2.5       --          73.3    111       2.5       10          46.6    511       2.5        5          73.3    111       0.5       --          76.6    111       0.5       10          46.6    511       0.5        5          43.3    520       0.5       --          80.0    120       0.5        5          73.5    120       0.5       10          46.6    320       2.5       --          76.6    120       2.5        5          73.3    120       2.5       10          53.3    221       0.5       --          76.6    121       0.5        5          76.6    121       0.5       10          66.6    221       2.5       --          73.3    121       2.5        5          66.6    221       2.5       10          63.3    222       0.5       --          76.6    122       0.5        5          76.6    122       0.5       10          66.6    222       2.5       --          76.6    122       2.5        5          73.3    222       2.5       10          60.0    324       0.5       --          73.3    124       0.5        5          76.6    124       0.5       10          63.3    224       2.5       --          76.6    124       2.5        5          56.6    324       2.5       10          46.6    325       0.5       --          76.6    125       0.5        5          76.6    125       0.5       10          70.0    225       2.5       --          76.6    125       2.5        5          76.6    125       2.5       10          73.3    130       0.5       --          76.6    130 0.5    5        73.3        130       0.5       10          60.0    230       2.5       --          73.3    130       2.5        5          70.0    230       2.5       10          56.6    332       0.5       --          76.6    132       0.5        5          73.6    232       0.5       10          60.0    232       2.5       --          76.6    132       2.5        5          60.0    332       2.5       10          46.6    333       0.5       --          76.6    133       0.5        5          70.0    133       0.5       10          56.6    233       2.5       --          80.0    133       2.5        5          73.6    133       2.5       10          70.0    134       0.5       --          76.6    134       0.5        5          76.6    134       0.5       10          73.6    134       2.5       --          76.6    134       2.5        5          63.3    234       2.5       10          46.6    436       0.5       --          76.6    136       0.5        5          73.3    136       0.5       10          66.6    236       2.5       --          76.6    136       2.5        5          66.6    236       2.5       10          53.3    237       0.5       --          76.6    137       0.5        5          66.6    237       0.5       10          50.0    337       2.5       --          76.6    137       2.5        5          46.6    337       2.5       10          43.3    439       0.5       --          76.6    139       0.5        5          76.6    139       0.5       10          66.6    239       2.5       --          76.6    139       2.5        5          53.3    339       2.5       10          53.3    340       0.5       --          76.6    140       0.5        5          73.3    140       0.5       10          56.6    240       2.5       --          80.0    140       2.5        5          53.3    240       2.5       10          46.6    341       0.5       --          76.6    141       0.5        5          73.3    141       0.5       10          60.0    241       2.5       --          73.6    141       2.5        5          66.6    241       2.5       10          43.3    342       0.5       --          76.6    142       0.5        5          73.3    142       0.5       10          66.6    142       2.5       --          73.3    142       2.5        5          56.6    242       2.5       10          46.6    343       0.5       --          76.6    143       0.5        5          76.6    143       0.5       10          63.3    243       2.5       --          76.6    143       2.5        5          66.6    143       2.5       10          53.3    344       0.5       --          76.6    144       0.5        5          63.3    244       0.5       10          43.3    344       2.5       --          70.0    244       2.5        5          56.6    344       2.5       10          40.0    445       0.5       --          76.6    145       0.5        5          76.6    145       0.5       10          76.6    245       2.5       --          76.6    145       2.5        5          63.3    245       2.5       10          50.0    346       0.5       --          80.0    146       0.5        5          73.3    146       0.5       10          60.0    246       2.5       --          70.0    246       2.5        5          56.6    346       2.5       10          43.3    447       0.5       --          73.3    147       0.5        5          66.6    247       0.5       10          43.3    447       2.5       --          66.6    247       2.5        5          43.3    447       2.5       10          43.3    448       0.5       --          76.6    148       0.5        5          73.3    148       0.5       10          56.6    348       2.5       --          76.6    148       2.5        5          56.6    348       2.5       10          43.3    349       0.5       --          76.6    149       0.5        5          76.6    149       0.5       10          73.3    149       2.5       --          76.6    149       2.5        5          73.3    149       2.5       10          70.0    150       0.5       --          76.6    150       0.5        5          70.0    150       0.5       10          56.6    250       2.5       --          73.3    150       2.5        5          66.6    250       2.5       10          53.3    251       0.5       --          76.6    151       0.5        5          73.3    151       0.5       10          60.0    151       2.5       --          76.6    151       2.5        5          60.0    151       2.5       10          46.6    3--       --        10          0.0     9--       --         5          10.0    8R 25788  2.5       10          10.0    8R 25788  0.5        5          36.6    8CGA 43.089    0.5       --          73.3    1CGA 43.089    0.5        5          46.6    3CGA 43.089    0.5       10          33.3    4CGA 43.089    2.5       --          66.6    2CGA 43.089    2.5        5          43.3    4CGA 43.089    2.5       10          36.6    5--       --        --          76.6    1______________________________________ 
    
     The data of Table V show that, on the treatment with Acenit 50 EC containing 50% of acetochlor [chemically 2-chloro-2&#39;-ethyl-6&#39;-methyl-N-ethoxymethylacetanilide], the sugar beet sprouted to a very little extent (10%) or not at all. The sprouting was also low when the well known N,N-diallyldichloroacetamide (code number: R 25788) herbicide agent and cyanomethoxy-iminophenylacetonitrile (code number: CGA 43.089) antidote were used, whereas the phytotoxic effects of acetochlor were significantly diminished by using the nitrile compounds of the invention. 
     EXAMPLE 41 
     Study of the antidote effect in the case of urea-type herbicides by using various cultivated plants 
     These tests were carried out in plastic pots lined with a plastic foil which were capable of receiving 800 g of soil. 400 g of air-dry field soil each were weighed in the cultivating pots. The soil had a pH value of 4.67, a cledginess of 46 according to Arany and an organic substance content of 1.97%. As test plants, 10 grains of Pi-3707 maize, 5 seeds of soy and 20 grains of wheat each were sown onto the soil in the pots. After sowing, the seeds were covered with 100 g of soil and the treatments were carried out in 4-fold repetitions. The plants were cultivated at 28±4° C. by using an illumination period lasting 16 hours. The water was daily supplied up to the total capacity. 
     The evaluation was carried out at the 12th day calculated from the sowing, i.e. at the 8th day calculated from the sprouting. The sprout height of the maize as well as the green weight of the soy and wheat were measured. The results are summarized in Tables VI, VII and VIII. 
     
                       TABLE VI______________________________________                            MaizeNitrile         Treatment with   sproutcompound            Antidote   Herbicide                                  heightNo.     Herbicide   kg/hectare kg/hectare                                  cm______________________________________1       Isoproturon 0.25       4.0     36.01       Isoproturon 1.0        4.0     31.55       Isoproturon 0.25       4.0     34.85       Isoproturon 1.0        4.0     36.77       Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     40.17       Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     39.310      Isoproturon 0.25       4.0     34.410      Isoproturon 1.0        4.0     36.111      Isoproturon 0.25       4.0     36.811      Isoproturon 1.0        4.0     36.213      Isoproturon 0.25       4.0     37.113      Isoproturon 1.0        4.0     36.025      Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     40.425      Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     37.126      Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     39.426      Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     40.327      Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     40.527      Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     36.927      Isoproturon 0.25       4.0     37.327      Isoproturon 1.0        4.0     32.728      Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     42.228      Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     39.328      Isoproturon 0.25       4.0     32.228      Isoproturon 1.0        4.0     36.429      Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     39.629      Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     35.729      Isoproturon 0.25       4.0     37.129      Isoproturon 1.0        4.0     37.431      Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     37.231      Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     41.835      Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     41.035      Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     38.438      Isoproturon 0.25       4.0     35.638      Isoproturon 1.0        4.0     32.453      Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     41.553      Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     38.056      Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     36.956      Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     40.957      Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     39.957      Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     35.658      Isoproturon 0.25       2.0     39.558      Isoproturon 1.0        2.0     40.9--      --          --         --      36.9--      Isoproturon --         2.0     34.7--      Isoproturon --         4.0     29.65       Diuron      0.25       4.0     34.85       Diuron      1.0        4.0     30.37       Diuron      0.25       4.0     34.87       Diuron      1.0        4.0     33.510      Diuron      0.25       4.0     34.810      Diuron      1.0        4.0     31.028      Diuron      0.25       4.0     35.628      Diuron      1.0        4.0     31.131      Diuron      0.25       4.0     30.131      Diuron      1.0        4.0     34.753      Diuron      0.25       4.0     36.453      Diuron      1.0        4.0     33.9--      Diuron      --         4.0     29.428      Chlorbromuron               0.25       2.0     37.428      Chlorbromuron               1.0        2.0     41.228      Chlorbromuron               0.25       4.0     43.428      Chlorbromuron               1.0        4.0     39.835      Chlorbromuron               0.25       2.0     42.335      Chlorbromuron               1.0        2.0     44.753      Chlorbromuron               0.25       2.0     39.653      Chlorbromuron               1.0        2.0     41.653      Chlorbromuron               0.25       4.0     44.453      Chlorbromuron               1.0        4.0     42.156      Chlorbromuron               0.25       2.0     43.156      Chlorbromuron               1.0        2.0     44.556      Chlorbromuron               0.25       4.0     40.856      Chlorbromuron               1.0        4.0     39.658      Chlorbromuron               0.25       2.0     43.858      Chlorbromuron               1.0        2.0     41.858      Chlorbromuron               0.25       4.0     40.058      Chlorbromuron               1.0        4.0     38.9--      Chlorbromuron               --         2.0     36.9--      Chlorbromuron               --         4.0     34.8______________________________________ 
    
     It can be seen from Table VI that the maize was protected from the harmful effects of the various urea-type herbicides by using the nitrile derivatives according to the invention as antidotes. 
     
                       TABLE VII______________________________________                         Green weightNitrile                       of wheat ascom-          Treatment with  % of the un-pound             Antidote  Herbicide                               treated con-No.   Herbicide   kg/hectare                       kg/hectare                               trol______________________________________1     Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     821     Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     1245     Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     1165     Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     1527     Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     1247     Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     12711    Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     8611    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     10313    Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     10013    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     13626 Isoproturon 0.25        4.0       9726    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     10927    Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     12327    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     13728    Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     8328    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     11329    Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     10129    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     14431    Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     12331    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     13032    Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     19332    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     28835    Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     13635    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     15353    Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     18253    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     7557    Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     14757    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     14158    Isoproturon 0.25      4.0     13658    Isoproturon 1.0       4.0     141--    Isoproturon --        4.0     786     Diuron      0.25      2.0     1066     Diuron      1.0       2.0     11125    Diuron      0.25      2.0     8225    Diuron      1.0       2.0     10726    Diuron      0.25      2.0     8626    Diuron      1.0       2.0     10328    Diuron      0.25      2.0     11028    Diuron      1.0       2.0     6531    Diuron      0.25      2.0     11331    Diuron      1.0       2.0     10232    Diuron      0.25      2.0     8532    Diuron      1.0       2.0     10038    Diuron      0.25      2.0     9938    Diuron      1.0       2.0     10653    Diuron      0.25      2.0     9253    Diuron      1.0       2.0     10756    Diuron      0.25      2.0     9556    Diuron      1.0       2.0     11657    Diuron      0.25      2.0     9157    Diuron      1.0       2.0     146--    Diuron      --        2.0     641     Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     911     Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     1211     Chlorbromuron             0.25      4.0     1071     Chlorbromuron             1.0       4.0     1055     Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     895     Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     625     Chlorbromuron             0.25      4.0     1045     Chlorbromuron             1.0       4.0     887     Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     1817     Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     1217     Chlorbromuron             0.25      4.0     597     Chlorbromuron             1.0       4.0     9613    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     6713    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     5213    Chlorbromuron             0.25      4.0     10813    Chlorbromuron             1.0       4.0     10626    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     11226    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     10726    Chlorbromuron             0.25      4.0     10826    Chlorbromuron             1.0       4.0     10827    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     11327    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     7727    Chlorbromuron             0.25      4.0     9927    Chlorbromuron             1.0       4.0     10558    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     10058    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     10658    Chlorbromuron             0.25      4.0     13458    Chlorbromuron             1.0       4.0     12859    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     10659    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     7559    Chlorbromuron             0.25      4.0     14159    Chlorbromuron             1.0       4.0     112--    Chlorbromuron             --        2.0     60--    Chlorbromuron             --        4.0     44______________________________________ 
    
     It is evident from the data of Table VII that the wheat was effectively protected from the harmful effect of various herbicidal urea derivatives such as isoproturon, diuron and chlorbromuron by using the nitrile derivatives of the invention as antidotes. 
     
                       TABLE VIII______________________________________Nitrile                       Green weightcom-          Treatment with  of soy as %pound             Antidote  Herbicide                               of the un-No.   Herbicide   kg/hectare                       kg/hectare                               treated control______________________________________1     Isoproturon 0.25      2.0     1041     Isoproturon 1.0       2.0     10325    Isoproturon 0.25      2.0     8925    Isoproturon 1.0       2.0     11132    Isoproturon 0.25      2.0     10432    Isoproturon 1.0       2.0     9256    Isoproturon 0.25      2.0     8856    Isoproturon 1.0       2.0     11157    Isoproturon 0.25      2.0     12657    Isoproturon 1.0       2.0     119--    Isoproturon --        2.0     851     Diuron      0.25      2.0     861     Diuron      1.0       2.0     1451     Diuron      0.25      4.0     1061     Diuron      1.0       4.0     1047     Diuron      0.25      2.0     997     Diuron      1.0       2.0     1197     Diuron      0.25      4.0     917     Diuron      1.0       4.0     11210    Diuron      0.25      2.0     11610    Diuron      1.0       2.0     10510    Diuron      0.25      4.0     9810    Diuron      1.0       4.0     10311    Diuron      0.25      2.0     10611    Diuron      1.0       2.0     8411    Diuron      0.25      4.0     10611    Diuron      1.0       4.0     9413    Diuron      0.25      2.0     11813    Diuron      1.0       2.0     10613    Diuron      0.25      4.0     9713    Diuron      1.0       4.0     14125    Diuron      0.25      2.0     10025    Diuron      1.0       2.0     11825    Diuron      0.25      4.0     9225    Diuron      1.0       4.0     10427    Diuron      0.25      2.0     12327    Diuron      1.0       2.0     12327    Diuron      0.25      4.0     9227    Diuron      1.0       4.0     10332    Diuron      0.25      2.0     11932    Diuron      1.0       2.0     13332    Diuron      0.25      4.0     13432    Diuron      1.0       4.0     9956    Diuron      0.25      2.0     12456    Diuron      1.0       2.0     9456    Diuron      0.25      4.0     8956    Diuron      1.0       4.0     11257    Diuron      0.25      2.0     16957    Diuron      1.0       2.0     10857    Diuron      0.25      4.0     8857    Diuron      1.0       4.0     102--    Diuron      --        2.0     82--    Diuron      --        4.0     881     Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     881     Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     1105     Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     1085     Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     8210    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     11010    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     10111    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     10211    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     13713    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     11213    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     11127    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     13127    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     9728    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     8528    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     11131    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     12231    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     12632    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     12232    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     11838    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     11138    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     9253    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     12653    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     12356    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     13556    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     10257    Chlorbromuron             0.25      2.0     13757    Chlorbromuron             1.0       2.0     116--    Chlorbromuron             --        2.0     80______________________________________ 
    
     The results summarized in Table VIII also support that the soy was effectively protected from the harmful effect of various herbicidal urea derivatives such as isoproturor, diuron and chlorbromuron by using the nitrile derivatives of the invention as antidotes. 
     EXAMPLE 42 
     Study of the antidote effect in the case of urea-type herbicides on maize species with various sensitivity 
     These tests were carried cut in pots of 14 cm in diameter with 5-fold repetitions. The pots were filled with a sandy adobe soil to the two-thirds of their volume and 10 grains of maize each of the species ETA-TC, Pi-3901, Pi-3965 and Pi-3839, respectively were sown in the pots, then the grains were covered with a treated or untreated soil of 5 cm in height according to the given experiment. 
     The soil was treated with 6 kg/hectare of linuron together with various amounts of the nitrile antidotes. The height of the sprout was determined and compared to the untreated control. The results are summarized in Table IX. 
     
                       TABLE IX______________________________________Nitrile   Antidote             Sprout heightcompound  dose        Maize    as % of the un-No.       kg/hectare  species  treated control______________________________________1         0.1         Pi-3901  84.01         0.5         Pi-3901  89.91         1.0         Pi-3901  99.31         1.5         Pi-3901  89.27         0.1         Pi-3901  85.77         0.5         Pi-3901  94.47         1.0         Pi-3901  101.77         1.5         Pi-3901  97.210        0.1         Pi-3901  90.210        0.5         Pi-3901  86.810        1.0         Pi-3901  91.810        1.5         Pi-3901  91.613        0.1         Pi-3901  96.113        0.5         Pi-3901  106.313        1.0         Pi-3901  94.413        1.5         Pi-3901  84.718        0.1         Pi-3901  85.418        0.5         Pi-3901  104.218        1.0         Pi-3901  114.318        1.5         Pi-3901  99.3--        --          Pi-3901  81.56         0.1         ETA-TC   98.86         0.5         ETA-TC   100.86         1.0         ETA-TC   89.26         1.5         ETA-TC   93.07         0.1         ETA-TC   101.47         0.5         ETA-TC   89.67         1.0         ETA-TC   94.87         1.5         ETA-TC   94.713        0.1         ETA-TC   98.013        0.5         ETA-TC   101.413        1.0         ETA-TC   97.313        1.5         ETA-TC   91.4--        --          ETA-TC   89.11         0.1         Pi-3965  106.81         0.5         Pi-3965  98.91         1.0         Pi-3965  112.91         1.5         Pi-3965  109.06         0.1         Pi-3965  111.56         0.5         Pi-3965  97.56         1.0         Pi-3965  96.16         1.5         Pi-3965  109.37         0.1         Pi-3965  100.57         0.5         Pi-3965  119.77         1.0         Pi-3965  97.57         1.5         Pi-3965  117.210        0.1         Pi-3965  111.110        0.5         Pi-3965  118.310        1.0         Pi-3965  121.510        1.5         Pi-3965  101.413        0.1         Pi-3965  107.913        0.5         Pi-3965  112.213        1.0         Pi-3965  121.913        1.5         Pi-3965  109.018        0.1         Pi-3965  120.418        0.5         Pi-3965  101.118        1.0         Pi-3965  96.418        1.5         Pi-3965  97.8--        --          Pi-3965  96.11         0.1         Pi-3839  79.51         0.5         Pi-3839  86.81         1.0         Pi-3839  96.01         1.5         Pi-3839  86.23         0.1         Pi-3839  111.63         0.5         Pi-3839  104.23         1.0         Pi-3839  106.83         1.5         Pi-3839  104.87         0.1         Pi-3839  94.27         0.5         Pi-3839  87.87         1.0         Pi-3839  84.97         1.5         Pi-3839  92.610        0.1         Pi-3839  92.410        0.5         Pi-3839  96.810        1.0         Pi-3839  92.310        1.5         Pi-3839  97.113        0.1         Pi-3839  100.313        0.5         Pi-3839  90.013        1.0         Pi-3839  97.413        1.5         Pi-3839  89.118        0.1         Pi-3839  96.118        0.5         Pi-3839  105.618        1.0         Pi-3839  105.118        1.5         Pi-3839  103.9--        --          Pi-3839  78.5______________________________________ 
    
     It can be seen from Table IX that maize species with various sensitivity were also protected by using the antidotes of the invention. 
     After the greenhouse tests, the phytotoxicity-diminishing effect of the nitrile derivatives according to the invention was investigated in small-parcel experiments. 
     In these tests, the antidote and herbicide compositions were used partly in the form of a tank mixture and partly in a formulation containing both the herbicide agent and the nitrile derivative. 
     The experiments were continuously evaluated by determining the percentage of sprouting of the cultivated plants, by observing the damages caused by the herbicides as well as by evaluating the amount of the crop and registering the herbicide action. From an economical point of view, the water content of the crop has a high significance: this water content is increased on the use of herbicides. Thus, on the assessment of our field experiments, a real extent of the antidote action also appears in the decrease of the water content. 
     EXAMPLE 43 
     Study of the antidote effect in the case of urea-type herbicides in small-parcel tests 
     The phytotoxicity-decreasing effect in the case of an urea-type herbicide was studied with pivalonitrile (compound No. 1) in small-parcel tests. The antidote was formulated together with linuron as active ingredient in a common formulation according to four ratios. The formulation was applied by spraying with water in the form of a wettable powder composition (as described in Example 15). 
     These tests were carried out on parcels of 20 m 2  with 4-fold repetitions by using Pioner-3950 maize cultivated on an adobe soil of Mezoseg containing 1.46% of organic substances. 
     The results of the measurements, i.e. the number of plants/parcel, the height of the plants, the length of the maize-ear covered by grains, the amount of grain-crop/parcel and the water content of the harvested crop are summarized in Table X. 
     
                                           TABLE X__________________________________________________________________________                  Maize-ear     Linuron      covered    compound     Dose No. of              Plant                  withNitrile    Dose  kg/hec-          plants              height                  grains                        Crop amount                               Water contentNo. kg/hectare     tare pc. cm  cm    kg     %__________________________________________________________________________1   0.5   4    150 186.7                  17.3  6.95   29.41   0.5   2    148 194.5                  16.3  6.66   30.21   0.25  4    147 178.2                  16.4  6.37   30.41   0.25  2    147 186.2                  15.0  5.49   28.2--  --    4    140 172.5                  15.1  4.45   31.7--  --    2    142 178.4                  15.6  4.80   31.0untreated control          151 196.1                  15.8  5.98   28.3__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Simultaneously, the occurrance of seven weeds in these parcels was investigated and the extent of the weed control was characterized by EWRC scoring in Table XI. 
     The weeds investigated were as follows: 
     1: Echinochloa crusgalli; 
     2: Amaranthus chlorostachis; 
     3: Chenopodium album; 
     4: Polygonum lopathiofolium; 
     5: Equisetum arvense; 
     6: Chenopodium hybridum; 
     7: Setaria glauca 
     
                       TABLE XI______________________________________Nitrilecompound LinuronDose     Dose     Time of  Herbicide effect inkg/      kg/hec-  evalua-  EWRC scoreNo.  hectare tare     tion   1   2   3   4   5   6   7______________________________________1    0.5     4        01.06. 1   1   1   1   1   1   1                 04.07. 1   1   1   3   3   1   1                 06.08. 2   1   1   6   7   1   11    0.5     2        01.06. 1   1   1   1   1   1   1                 04.07. 1   1   1   4   3   1   1                 06.08. 2   1   1   6   7   1   11    0.25    4        01.06. 1   1   1   1   1   1   1                 04.07. 1   1   1   3   4   1   1                 06.08. 2   1   1   6   7   1   11    0.25    2        01.06. 1   1   1   1   1   1   1                 04.07. 1   1   1   3   3   1   1                 06.08. 2   1   1   6   7   1   1--   --      4        01.06. 1   1   1   1   1   1   1                 04.07. 1   1   1   2   3   1   1                 06.08. 1   1   1   5   5   1   1--   --      2        01.06. 1   1   1   1   1   1   1                 04.07. 1   1   1   3   3   1   1                 06.08. 2   1   1   6   7   1   1untreated control         01.06.   9     8   7   8   8   7   8         04.07.   9     9   8   9   9   8   9untreated control         06.08.   9     9   9   9   9   8   9______________________________________ 
    
     It is evident from Table XI, that the herbicide effect of linuron was not decreased, whereas the phytotoxicity exerted or the maize was eliminated by using the antidote of the invention. 
     EXAMPLE 44 
     Similarly to the preceding Example, the diminishing effect of the nitrile derivatives of the invention on the phytotoxicity of the commonly known thiolcarbamate (EPTC) herbicide as well as the development of the herbicide action were investigated in small-parcel field experiments. 
     The tests were carried out in parcels of 20 m 2  by cultivating NK-PI-20 maize in 4-fold repetitions. 
     For the treatments, EPTC and two nitrile derivatives (compounds Nos. 1 and 11) were applied by spraying with water before sowing in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate as described in Example 13 and 14 and worked into the soil. The results of these experiments are summarized in Table XII. 
     
                                           TABLE XII__________________________________________________________________________                   Maize-earNitrile antidote     EPTC  No. of               Plant                   covered      WaterDose kg/     Dose  plants               height                   with grains                         Crop amount                                contentNo.  hectare     kg/hectare           pc  cm  cm    kg     %__________________________________________________________________________1    1.25 8     167 192.1                   21.8  8.27   24.81    0.25 8     158 185.3                   22.8  6.15   30.411   1.25 8     163 187.2                   21.6  5.85   25.811   0.25 8     157 182.6                   20.5  7.60   31.7--   --   8     145 171.6                   19.9  5.12   33.6R-257881.25 8     160 186.1                   21.4  5.71   33.6untreated control           165 188.7                   20.4  6.63   29.2__________________________________________________________________________ Likewise, the herbicide effect was also studied in the parcels by using the EWRC scores. The results are summarized in Table XIII. 
    
     
                                           TABLE XIII__________________________________________________________________________Nitrile antidote      EPTCDose       Dose  Time of                  Herbicide effect in EWRC scoreNo.  kg/hectare      kg/hectare            evaluation                  1 2 3  4 5 6  7__________________________________________________________________________1    1.25  8     11.06 1 1 1  2 3 1  1            13.07.                  1 1 1  5 6 1  1            12.08.                  1 1 1  7 8 1  11    0.25  8     11.06.                  1 1 1  2 2 1  1            13.07.                  1 1 1  6 6 1  1            12.08.                  1 1 1  7 8 1  111   1.25  8     11.06 1 1 1  2 2 1  1            13.07.                  1 1 1  5 5 1  1            12.08.                  1 1 1  7 8 1  111   0.25  8     11.06.                  1 1 1  2 2 1  1            13.07.                  1 1 1  6 5 1  1            12.08.                  1 1 1  7 8 1  1--   --    8     11.06.                  1 1 1  2 3 1  1            13.07.                  1 1 1  4 6 1  1            12.08.                  1 1 1  5 8 1  1R-257881.25  8     11.06.                  1 1 1  2 2 1  1            13.07.                  1 1 1  4 5 1  1            12.08.                  1 1 1  6 8 1  1untreated control            11.06.                  8 7 7  8 8 6  7            13.07.                  9 8 8  9 9 7  8            12.08.                  9 8 9  9 9 7  8__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 45 
     Study of the antidote effect in the case of a chlortoluron herbicide in small-parcel experiment 
     The antidote effect of the compounds according to the invention was studied in a small-parcel field experiment on a wheat of Rana 2 species. 
     These experiments were carried out in parcels of 20 m 2  on a loose sandy soil with 4-fold repetitions. 
     The treatments were performed by spraying out an appropriate amount of the antidote and herbicide in the form of a tank mixture in the middle of March. 
     The evaluation was made by using an EWRC score, twice during the cultivating period. Both the damages caused by the herbicide as well as the herbicide effect were determined. The results are summarized in Table XIV. 
     
                       TABLE XIV______________________________________         Chlor-         toluron 80Nitrile compound         WP        EWRC score  Dose kg/         Dose kg/  Wheat   Apera spica ventiNo.      hectare  hectare   1   2   1     2______________________________________--       --       2.0       1   1   1     1--       --       4.0       4   3   1     1--       --       6.0       6   5   1     11        0.2      2.0       1   1   1     11        0.4      2.0       1   1   1     11        0.4      4.0       1   1   1     11        0.8      4.0       1   1   1     11        0.6      6.0       2   1   1     11        1.2      6.0       1   1   1     111       0.2      2.0       1   1   1     111       0.4      2.0       1   1   1     111       0.4      4.0       1   1   1     111       0.8      4.0       1   1   1     111       0.6      6.0       2   1   1     111       1.2      6.0       2   1   1     123       0.2      2.0       1   1   1     123       0.4      2.0       1   1   1     123       0.4      4.0       1   1   1     123       0.8      4.0       1   1   2     223       0.6      6.0       1   1   1     123       1.2      6.0       1   1   2     323       0.2      2.0       1   1   1     125       0.4      2.0       1   1   1     125       0.4      4.0       2   2   1     125       0.8      4.0       2   1   1     125       0.6      6.0       3   2   1     125       1.2      6.0       3   1   1     130       0.2      2.0       1   1   1     130       0.4      2.0       1   1   1     130       0.4      4.0       2   1   1     130       0.8      4.0       2   2   1     130       0.6      6.0       3   2   1     130       1.2      6.0       3   2   1     141       0.2      2.0       1   1   1     141       0.4      2.0       1   1   1     141       0.4      4.0       3   2   1     141       0.8      4.0       2   1   1     141       0.6      6.0       3   2   1     141       1.2      6.0       2   1   1     1CGA.43.089    0.2      2.0       1   1   1     1CGA 43.089    0.4      2.0       1   1   1     1CGA 43.089    0.4      4.0       3   2   1     1CGA 43.089    0.8      4.0       3   2   1     1CGA 43.089    0.6      6.0       5   4   1     1CGA 43.089    1.2      6.0       4   3   1     1______________________________________ 
    
     It is evident from the data of Table XIV that, in comparison to cyanomethoxy-iminophenylacetonitrile (code number: 43.089), a known antidote, the antidote nitrile derivatives of the invention were more effective in the decrease or elimination, respectively of the harmful effect of the chlortoluron herbicide. 
     EXAMPLE 46 
     Study of the antidote effect in the case of a metobromuron herbicide in small-parcel experiment 
     The antidote effect of the compounds according to the invention was studied in a small-parcel field experiment on a potato of Desiree species. 
     These experiments were carried out in parcels of 20 m 2  on a loose sandy soil with 4-fold repetitions. 
     The treatments were postemergently carried out after hilling. The evaluation was performed by using an EWRC score, twice during the cultivating period. Both the damages caused by the herbicide as well as the herbicide effect were determined. The results are summarized in Table XV. 
     
                       TABLE XV______________________________________        Meto-        bromuronNitrile compound        50 WP  Dose  Dose      EWRC score  kg/   kg/       Potato  Echinocloa                                  SetariaNo.      hectare hectare   1   2   1    2    1   2______________________________________--       --      3.0       1   1   2    3    2   2--       --      6.0       4   2   1    1    1   1--       --      9.0       6   2   1    1    1   15        0.15    3.0       1   1   2    3    2   25        0.30    3.0       1   1   2    3    2   25        0.30    6.0       2   2   1    1    1   15        0.60    6.0       1   1   1    1    1   15        0.45    9.0       2   2   1    1    1   15        0.90    9.0       1   1   1    1    1   120       0.15    3.0       1   1   2    3    2   220       0.30    3.0       1   1   2    3    2   320       0.30    6.0       3   2   1    1    1   120       0.60    6.0       2   1   1    1    1   120       0.45    9.0       3   2   1    1    1   120       0.90    9.0       2   1   1    1    1   128       0.15    3.0       1   1   2    3    2   228       0.30    3.0       1   1   2    3    2   328       0.30    6.0       2   2   1    1    1   128       0.60    6.0       2   1   1    1    1   128       0.45    9.0       3   2   1    1    1   128       0.90    9.0       2   1   1    1    1   1CGA 43.089    0.15    3.0       1   1   2    3    2   2CGA 43.089    0.30    3.0       1   1   2    3    2   2CGA 43.089    0.30    6.0       3   2   1    1    1   1CGA 43.089    0.60    6.0       3   2   1    1    1   1CGA 43.089    0.45    9.0       5   2   1    1    1   1CGA 43.089    0.90    9.0       4   2   1    1    1   1______________________________________ 
    
     It is evident from the data of Table XV that, in comparison to cyanomethoxy-iminophenylacetonitrile (code number: 43.089:, a known antidote, the antidote nitrile derivatives of the invention were more effective in the decrease or elimination, respectively of the harmful effect of the metobromuron herbicide. 
     EXAMPLE 47 
     Study of the antidote effect in the case of a chlorbormuron herbicide in small-parcel experiment 
     This field experiment was carried out or sun-flower of NSA-26 species in parcels of 20 m 2  with 4-fold repetitions on a mildly humified soil containing 1% of organic materials. 
     The treatments were performed preemergently by applying the antidote and herbicide in the form of a tank mixture. In the experimental area no weediness was developed thus, the phytotoxic effect caused by the herbicide was only evaluated. The results are summarized in Table XVI. 
     
                       TABLE XVI______________________________________Nitrile compound           Chlorbromuron   Dose    50 WP   kg/hec- Dose         EWRC scoreNo.       tare      kg/hectare   1     2______________________________________               2.5          2     1               7.5          6     533        0.1       2.5          2     133        0.3       2.5          1     133        0.3       7.5          4     233        0.9       7.5          3     235        0.1       2.5          2     135        0.3       2.5          1     135        0.3       7.5          3     335        0.9       7.5          3     240        0.1       2.5          2     140        0.3       2.5          1     140        0.3       7.5          3     340        0.9       7.5          3     342        0.1       2.5          1     142        0.3       2.5          1     142        0.3       7.5          2     142        0.9       7.5          1     144        0.1       2.5          2     144        0.3       2.5          1     144        0.3       7.5          3     144        0.9       7.5          2     148        0.1       2.5          1     148        0.3       2.5          1     148        0.3       7.5          3     148        0.9       7.5          2     149        0.1       2.5          1     149        0.3       2.5          1     149        0.3       7.5          2     149        0.9       7.5          1     151        0.1       2.5          2     151        0.3       2.5          1     151        0.3       7.5          2     251        0.9       7.5          2     2GCA 43.089     0.1       2.5          2     1CGA 43.089     0.3       2.5          2     1CGA 43.089     0.3       7.5          4     3CGA 43.089     0.9       7.5          4     3______________________________________ 
    
     The results of Table XVI also support that, in comparison to cyanomethoxy-iminophenylacetonitrile (code number: 43.089) a known antidote, the antidote according to the invention showed a better protective action.