Abstract:
A continuous countercurrent chromatography system has several rotating chambers arranged around a rotational axis. The chambers are provided for receiving a liquid or liquid mixture to be examined, and the individual chambers are interconnected via liquid carrying connections in such a way as to relay two liquids in countercurrent, wherein one liquid first passes through several chambers and is then returned to the chambers first traversed.

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a 371 of PCT/DE2007/000877 filed May 14, 2007. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to a continuous countercurrent chromatography system for separating and/or cleaning substances according to the principle of liquid-liquid distribution. 
     The principle of liquid-liquid distribution has existed for many years already, but it involves batch operation, i.e., only a small sample quantity can be charged. The next sample quantity can only be charged after the preceding one has gone through the entire process. Such an arrangement is known from WO 2004/079363 A, wherein a phase is relayed through several chambers rotating on a cylindrical periphery. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the invention is to provide a chromatography system improved relative to prior art, which enables an efficient, continuous material separation. 
     This object is achieved by a continuous countercurrent chromatography system according to the claimed features of claim  1 . 
     The invention proposes a continuous countercurrent chromatography system with several rotating chambers arranged around a rotational axis, wherein the chambers are provided for accommodating a liquid to be examined or a liquid mixture, wherein the individual chambers are interconnected via liquid-conducting connections in such a way as to carry two liquids in countercurrent, wherein one liquid first passes through several chambers and then returns to preceding chambers to reach a concurrent flow. 
     The proposed continuous countercurrent chromatography system is here characterized in that it exhibits a good separation effect as well as a good productivity for an efficient thorough mixing and subsequent segregation of the phases. 
     The sample substance supplied to the liquids is optimally separated by solubility in this way. The sample substance can here of course also be a mixture of various materials. By comparison to prior art, this makes it possible for the first time to partially recycle the sample while the process is ongoing. 
     One especially preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a liquid mixture be supplied to the chambers on a side of a chamber lying near the rotational axes after taken from a chamber lying adjacently opposite the rotational direction at its side remote from the rotational axes. 
     One also especially preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a liquid mixture be supplied to chambers of a first group on a side remote from the rotational axes after taken from a next but one chamber in the rotational direction at its side near the rotational axes. 
     Another especially preferred embodiment provides that a liquid mixture be supplied to chambers in a second group on a side remote from the rotational axes after taken from a chamber lying adjacently opposite the rotational direction at its side near the rotational axes. 
     It is advantageously provided that the removal sites and supply sites of a chamber each lie on a radial. 
     A further development provides that the two liquids or liquid mixtures consist of a heavy phase on the one hand and a light phase on the other. 
     The chambers are advantageously interconnected to form an uninterrupted ring. 
     The two liquids are advantageously each supplied to an access site to the interconnected chambers. 
     An especially advantageous further development of the invention provides that a sample substance be supplied between these access sites at another point of the interconnected chambers forming a chain. 
     One variant proposes that the mixtures be immiscible. 
     The liquid or liquid mixture is preferably a solvent or solvent mixture for the sample substance. 
     In an especially effective structural design, it is provided that the chambers be situated in a circle. 
     The chambers are advantageously identical in structural design. 
     The invention will be described in more detail below based on the drawings. The schematics show: 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
         FIG. 1  A diagrammatic top view of a continuous countercurrent chromatographic system according to the invention, 
         FIG. 2  A diagrammatic view of three exemplary chambers, wherein the flow is indicated explanatorily, and 
         FIG. 3  A diagrammatic view of the result of separating the phases of the three chambers from  FIG. 2 , which is achieved by traversing the chambers from left to right. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The identical reference numbers in the figures denote elements that are the same or have the same effect. 
       FIG. 1  shows a diagrammatic view of a continuous countercurrent chromatography device  1  according to the invention with several chambers  2  arranged around a rotational axis D and rotating in direction R. The chambers are interconnected via liquid-carrying connections  3 . 
     A liquid or liquid mixture to be examined flows through the connected chambers  2 . 
     After flowing through several chambers, the liquid is returned to preceding chambers in countercurrent by the layout of the lines, as a result of which concurrent flow is achieved in the chambers. 
     The chambers  2  are arranged in a circle on a carrier plate  4  that rotates around the rotational axis D, wherein the chambers  2  are interconnected to form an uninterrupted ring by the lines  3 . 
     The removal sites  23  and supply sites  24  of a chamber each lie on a radial relative to their arrangement around the rotational axis D. 
     At the interruption U of the ring, the two liquids are continuously supplied to a respective inlet  31 ,  32 ,  33 ,  34  to the interconnected chambers, and the separated liquids are removed. 
     The liquid or liquid mixture itself is a solvent for the sample substance. The latter is supplied to the connected chambers  2  forming a chain between these inlets at a feed inlet  35 . 
       FIG. 2  shows another diagrammatic view of how the liquid is guided. A liquid mixture is supplied to the chambers A; B; C on a side  22  of a chamber B; C; A near the rotational axes, after removed at a chamber A; B; C lying adjacently opposite the rotational direction on its side  21  remote from the rotational axes. 
     A liquid mixture is supplied to the chambers A; B (first group) at a side  21  remote from the rotational axes, after removed at a next but one chamber C; A in the rotational direction at its side  22  near the rotational axes. 
     A liquid mixture is supplied to the chambers C (second group) at a side  21  remote from the rotational axes, after removed at a chamber (B) lying adjacently opposite the rotational direction on its side  22  near the rotational axes. 
     The two liquids or liquid mixtures are comprised of a heavy phase on the one hand and a light phase on the other. This improves the separation of the sample substance. 
     One phase L is supplied to chamber A via terminal A 7 , to chamber B via terminal A 2  and B 9 , and to chamber C via terminal B 4  and C 11 . 
     Phase L is then supplied to chamber A of terminal A 7  of the right adjacent block via terminal C 6  from other chambers A, B, C (not shown). 
     Phase S is supplied from a corresponding terminal A 8  of chamber A of the adjacent block (not shown) to chamber B of terminal B 3 . 
     Via terminal B 10  and C 5  to chamber C of terminal C 11 , and from there via terminal C 12  and A 1  to chamber A. From there, phase S is supplied via terminal A 8  to terminal B 3  of the left block (not shown) B. 
     The plurality of interconnected chambers makes it possible to relay two in particular immiscible liquids in countercurrent. The phases are thoroughly mixed in the chambers, thereby dividing a third sample substance into the respective phases based on its solubility. Use is here made of the spherical separating funnel principle and Nernst distribution. 
     The forced rotation generates a centrifugal force in the chambers, thereby yielding a separation of phases in the same chamber, so that the phases can be routed to the next chamber separated. 
     Since the rapid thorough mixing and segregation, and hence defined relaying of respectively pure phases L and S cannot be realized in countercurrent, the phases are carried in crosscurrent in the individual chambers. These chambers are combined into blocks (e.g., chamber A, B, C) via a special array of connections, and the phases are relayed concurrently in these blocks. The countercurrent process is achieved by the layout of connections between the individual blocks. 
       FIG. 3  provides a diagrammatic view of the result obtained from separating the phases, which is achieved by traversing the chambers from left to right. 
     REFERENCE LIST 
     
         
         
           
               1  Chromatography system 
               2  Chamber 
               21  Side remote from rotational axes 
               22  Side near rotational axes 
               23  Removal site 
               24  Supply site 
               3  Liquid carrying connection 
               31  Inlet 
               32  Inlet 
               33  Inlet 
               34  Inlet 
               35  Feed inlet 
               4  Carrier plate 
             A 1 , A 2 , A 7 , A 8  Terminal 
             B 3 , B 4 , B 9 , B 10  Terminal 
             C 5 , C 6 , C 11 , C 12  Terminal 
             D Rotational axis 
             U Interruption 
             R Rotation