Abstract:
When the meta data in an MP4 file is converted, a media data recopying process involves a long process duration and large memory space allocation. The invention provides that when an MP4 file is converted, an increment of a converted file size is estimated based on previously-registered meta data conversion candidate information, an overwritable free space equivalent to the estimated incremental size is inserted before a media data portion. In the MP4 file conversion, the converted meta data overwrites the to-be-converted meta data portion and the overwritable free space such that the MP4 file is converted without moving the media data.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a device for storing, converting, and delivering multimedia data, particularly multimedia data with an MPEG-4 file format.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Various data, such as video, music, audio, and texts, are integrally used in the multimedia environment. It is essential to digitalize data of information media, such as newspapers, magazines, televisions, radios, and telephones.  
           [0003]    The data transmission rate of these information media is extremely large. A television quality video needs data transmission rate of 80 Mbps, while a telephone quality sound needs data transmission rate of 64 Kbps. During directly transmitting television image and sound data over a telecommunication line, the data transmission rate equivalent of about one thousand regular telephone lines generates. These digitized information media cannot be processed efficiently.  
           [0004]    A data compression technology is required. The ISO has been standardizing the MPEG-4, a general multimedia encoding protocol, which allows video transmission at 64 kbps. The detailed description of MPEG-4 data compression technology is omitted here because it does not directly relate to the present invention.  
           [0005]    In the MPEG-4 (ISO/IEC 14496-1), video data and audio data are multiplexed into one piece of data. The “MP4 file format” is the provided format for storing MPEG-4 contents. The MP4 file format stores information for synchronously reproducing the video data and audio data. The file format MP4 is designed to reproduce, transfer, maintain, and edit media data (expression data such as encoded video and audio data are hereinafter collectively referred to as “media data”) easily. The MP4 file is reproduced in a system where the MP4 file itself is located, such as in a personal computer, or is converted to a streaming format used in a LAN and delivered in a streaming manner.  
           [0006]    The file format MP4 is independent of any particular transmission system. In a server, the MP4 file stores information on characteristic of each transmission system as meta data. The server refers to the meta data which includes the transmission system information of the server. The server obtains information required for transmitting media data.  
           [0007]    The media data in the MP4 file can be independently transmitted over various transmission systems.  
           [0008]    [0008]FIG. 2 is a structure of a “box”, a basic unit of an MP4 file. Each box comprises a size field  101  which identifies a size (number of bytes) of the box, a type field  102  which identifies a type of the box with a string of four characters, and a data field  103  which stores actual data of the box. The data field can store other boxes. The MP4 file has a hierarchal structure of these boxes.  
           [0009]    A basic structure of the MP4 file is described in the following in reference to FIGS.  3  to  7 .  
           [0010]    A structure of a media data of the MP4 file is described in FIGS. 3A to  3 C. FIG. 3A is the basic MP4 file structured with one meta data and one piece of media data. The meta data stores information required for decoding or reproducing the media data. A MovieBox (hereinafter referred to as an ‘moov’)  110  is a box which stores all meta data. A MediaDataBox (hereinafter referred to as an ‘mdat’)  111  is a box which stores all the media data.  
           [0011]    [0011]FIG. 3B shows a structure inside the mdat. The mdat is structured with a sequence of a data unit called a “chunk.” In FIGS. 3A to  3 C, different types of media are arranged one after another (audio chunk ( 1 )AC 1 , video chunk ( 1 )VC 1 , audio chunk ( 2 )AC 1 , video chunk ( 2 )VC 2 , and so on). The MP4 file format does not define the order of chunks and the number of chunks in the mdat. FIG. 3C is a structure inside each chunk, which is structured with consecutive “samples” of one media type. The sample is a minimum encoded data unit, which can be separated from other samples and represents a data unit equivalent to one frame of video or audio data. In FIG. 3C an audio chunk ( 1 )AC 1  includes consecutive audio samples (1)AS 1  to (A 1 )ASA 1 , and a video chunk ( 1 )VC 1  includes consecutive video samples ( 1 )VS 1  to (V 1 )VSV 1 . The MP4 file format does not define the number of samples in each chunk.  
           [0012]    [0012]FIG. 4 shows a structure inside the moov. The boxes of FIG. 4 are defined as required boxes for the MP4 file format. Other type boxes may be optionally stored in the MP4 file. The moov  110  is structured with a MovieHeaderBox (hereinafter, an ‘mvhd’)  150  which represents header information, and a plurality of a TrackBox (hereinafter, a ‘trak’). The trak is a box which stores information on each media, such as video, audio, still images, characters, etc., forming a scene of the MP4 file.  
           [0013]    [0013]FIG. 4 shows the moov structured with a TrackBox (hereinafter, a ‘trak’)  151  which contains audio data, and a trak  152  which contains video data. Each track has a hierarchy made with a number of boxes. The respective traks  151  and  152  include a SampleSizeBox (hereinafter, ‘stsz’)  162 , a SampleToChunkBox (hereinafter, ‘stsc’)  163 , and a ChunkOffsetBox (hereinafter, ‘stco’)  164 . The operations of these boxes are briefly described in the following. Other boxes are detailed in the ISO/IEC 14496-1: 2001. The description of the other boxes is omitted here because they do not relate to the present invention.  
           [0014]    [0014]FIG. 5 illustrates in detail an stsz  162 . The stsz  162  is a box which contains information on a size (number of bytes) of each sample in each media, and is used in accessing a given data piece in an mdat. Each of the traks  151  and  152  contains one stsz  162  as a required box.  
           [0015]    [0015]FIG. 6 illustrates in detail an stsc  163 . The stsc  163  is a box which contains information on samples, such as frames, (the number of samples and a description index of samples) of each chunk in each media, and is used in accessing a given data piece in an mdat. Each of the traks  151  and  152  contains one stsc  163  as a required box.  
           [0016]    [0016]FIG. 7 illustrates an stco  164  in detail. The stco  164  is a box which contains file offset values of each chunk in each media. Each of the traks  151  and  152  contains one stco  164  as a required box. The stco  164  contains the number of all the audio chunks CT 1  (in FIG. 7, M is defined as the number of all the audio chunks) and first offset values (CF 1  to CFM) of M number of audio chunks. The first offset value of a chunk means an offset value of a first byte of a first sample which is one of the samples forming a chunk. The first offset values (CF 1  to CFM) of the audio chunks are the offset values of the first bytes of the first samples (AS 1 , ASA 1 , and so on) of the audio chunks (AC 1 , AC 2 , and so on) described in FIGS. 3A to  3 C.  
           [0017]    The position and size information of a given sample of media in an MP4 file are obtained with reference to the information contained in the stsz  162 , the stsc  163 , and the stco  164 . When one sample is specified according to a sample number, the following identification process is performed. The information in the stsz  162  represents the specified sample size. The stsc  163  represents a number of a chunk which contains the specified sample. The stsz  162  represents a size S from the first sample in the chunk which contains the specified sample to just before the specified sample. The stco  164  represents a first position T of the chunk which contains the specified sample. By adding the first position T to the size S from the first sample in the chunk which contains the specified sample to just before the specified sample, the first position of the specified sample is obtained. As described above, the position and the size of a given sample in a file is obtained by analyzing the stsz  162 , the stsc  163 , and the stco  164  in each trak ( 151 ,  152 ) such that a given sample data is read out from the file.  
           [0018]    In the MP4 file format standardized by the ISO/IEC 1446-1: 2001, in addition to the above-described required box, an optional box which is available when required, or a user-defined box may exist. The vendors of the MP4 file reproducing devices employ various optional boxes in their products. Thus an MP4 reproducing device which supports one optional box may not reproduce correctly MP4 files which contain other optional boxes.  
           [0019]    It is common that an application supports a uniquely required box to meet its own specific requirement, and that the file specification of the application adds the unique required box to the required boxes for the respective MP4 file format. Therefore the required boxes of the MP4 file format may vary depending on file specifications of applications.  
           [0020]    The Wireless Multimedia Forum (hereinafter, WMF) or the like, which is established to realize a platform for wireless delivery of multimedia contents, defines a streaming delivery specification, the RTFD (Recommended Technical Framework Document) Version 1.1 (hereinafter referred to as RTFD 1.1). The RTFD 1.1 employs the MP4 file format as a storing format of multimedia contents in a delivery server. It strongly recommends some optional required boxes, and defines a WMF-specific box as a required box of the RTFD 1.1-defined MP4 file format.  
           [0021]    [0021]FIG. 8 illustrates a structure of the RTFD 1.1-defined MP4 file format. In the RTFD 1.1, a FileTypeBox (hereinafter, an ‘ftyp’)  170  is defined as a required box. In addition a UserDataBox (hereinafter may be called a ‘udta’)  172  always exists in the moov  171 , and the udta  172  always contains a WMFSetSessionAtom (hereinafter may be called a ‘wmfs’)  173  and a WMFSetMediaAtom (hereinafter may be called a ‘wmfm’)  174 , which are both the WMF-specific boxes. These boxes are detailed in the RTFD 1.1. Other boxes of FIG. 8 (mdat  111 , mvhd  150 , trak  151 , trak  152 ) are the same as described above.  
           [0022]    Even MP4 file format-compliance encoded media data (or mdats) may respectively have different box structures contained in moovs. When an application-compliance required box does not exist in an moov of an MP4 file, the application may not reproduce the MP4 file. In this case, the application can reproduce the MP4 file by converting only the moov (by adding the application-compliance required box), without changing the mdat.  
           [0023]    In the above-described prior art, when the moov is positioned before the mdat, and when a size of the converted moov increases, the position change of the mdat within an MP4 file is required. Thus after the moov is written, rewriting of the mdat is required. FIG. 23 conceptually illustrates a conventional converting process of an MP4 file. In FIG. 23, an MP4 file comprised of moov  110  and mdat  111  is converted to an MP4 file (defined by the RTFD 1.1) comprised of an ftyp  170 , an moov  171 , and an mdat  111 . In the case of the above-described conversion, first, a sufficient temporary space  180  is made on a memory or disk. The moov  171  is generated based on the ftyp  170  and the mdat  111 , and then is copied in the temporary space  180 . Next the mdat  111  is unchangingly copied in the temporary space  180 . The conversion of the MP4 file completes by deleting the original moov  110  and the original mdat  111 . If necessary, the converted MP4 file is moved from the temporary space  180  to a specified space. When the duration of an encoded scene of the MP4 file becomes longer, the mdat size becomes extremely large. Therefore the duration for rewriting the mdat becomes extremely long. Additionally a memory size for a temporary space, which is required for copying the mdat before the conversion of the moov, becomes large.  
           [0024]    When the mdat position changes within an MP4 file, the stco in the moov needs to be rewritten. Therefore when the scene duration of the MP4 becomes long, the duration for rewriting stco also becomes long.  
           [0025]    To solve the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a storing device and a file converting device which enable an efficient file conversion of multimedia data file, particularly an efficient file conversion performed by converting meta data format (moov) in an MP4 file format, with less memory space occupation.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0026]    The storing device of the present invention provides means for inserting an overwritable free space before a space taken by the media data. The overwritable free space is inserted into a first media data file to form an intermediate media data file which is to be overwritten with converted meta data such that there is no need to change the position of media data to convert a media data file between two media file formats. Therefore when a meta data format is converted, the temporary copying and rewriting of media data become unnecessary.  
           [0027]    To determine an overwritable free space size of the overwritable free space, the storing device of the present invention contains information on different meta data formats so as to estimate the converted meta data size. By inserting an overwritable free space of a size equal to or larger than the estimated change of the meta data size, it is almost certain that only the overwriting of the overwritable free space (rather than the area storing the media data) after converting the meta data is required.  
           [0028]    A data converting device of the present invention detects a size of data before the media data in the media data file (to be converted), and overwrites the space before the media data accordingly. The meta data format can be converted without changing the media data position. Therefore when the meta data format is converted, the temporary copying and rewriting of the media data is not necessary.  
           [0029]    In addition, the data converting device of the present invention contains information on candidates for the meta data conversion.  
           [0030]    In addition, the data converting device of the present invention determines whether or not a size of the data before the media data of a to-be-converted file format is equal to or larger than that of a converted into file format. Therefore, before overwriting the inserted an overwritable free space during the file conversion, the data converting device determines whether or not the file conversion is possible. If the available space for overwriting is insufficient, the data converting device performs an alternative process. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0031]    The foregoing and additional features and characteristics of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description considered with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals designate like elements and wherein:  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an MP4 file generating device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a structure of a box which is a basic unit of a conventional MP4 file.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIGS. 3A to  3 C indicate a block diagram of a structure of an mdat in the conventional MP4 file.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a box structure of an moov in the conventional MP4 file.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a structure of an stsz of the conventional MP4 file.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a structure of an stsc of the conventional MP4 file.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a structure of an stco of the conventional MP4 file.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a structure of a box in the conventional MP4 file defined by the WMF (RTFD 1.1).  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an MP4 file generating device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an MP4 file structure generated by the MP4 file generating device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 11 is a detailed block diagram of a free size determination process in the MP4 file generating device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 12 is an explanation diagram of an moov conversion candidate information memory portion in the MP4 file generating device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a maximum converted moov incremental size estimate process in the MP4 file generating device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a converted moov incremental size estimate process in the MP4 file generating device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an MP4 file converting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 16 is a flowchart of an moov converting process in the MP4 file converting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 17 is a block diagram of structures of the unconverted MP4 file and converted MP4 file according to the second embodiment of the present invention (meta data size after the conversion is smaller than the overwritable size before the conversion).  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 18 is a block diagram of structures of the MP 4  files before and after the conversion performed by the MP 4  file converting device according to the second embodiment of the present invention (meta data size after conversion is larger than the overwritable size before conversion).  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a process structure of a delivery server device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0051]    [0051]FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a process of gateway device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0052]    [0052]FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a structure of an MP4 file receiving/reproducing device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 22 is an example of a menu screen according to the MP4 file storing device of a ninth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0054]    [0054]FIG. 23 is a conceptual diagram of an MP4 file converting process according to a prior art. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0055]    The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail in the following with reference to the appended drawings.  
         [0056]    [0056]FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a structure of an MP4 file generating device  501  according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the MP4 file generating device  501 , video data  200   v  and audio data  200   a  are encoded through an encoding process  201 . The encoded video data  202   v  and encoded audio data  202   a  are output and stored as MP4 files  204  through a file storing process  203 .  
         [0057]    [0057]FIG. 1 is a detailed block diagram of the encoding process  201  and the file storing process  203  within the MP4 file generating device  501 . The video data  200   v  and the audio data  200   a  are compressed and encoded through a video encoding process  20  and an audio encoding process  21 , respectively in the encoding process  201 . The compressed and encoded video data  200   v  and audio data  200   a  are transmitted to an mdat generating process  24  within the file storing process  203  such that an mdat  111  is generated. Internal structure information  220  (the number of tracks, the number of samples, sample sizes, the number of chunks, the number of samples in a chunk, and so on) of the mdat  111  is transmitted to an moov generating process  26  such that an moov  110  is generated. The file storing device of the first embodiment of the present invention determines a free size  221 , which is inserted into the MP4 file when the MP4 file is generated, through a free size determination process  224 . The term ‘overwritable free space’ means a FreeSpaceBox of the MP4 file format, the FreeSpaceBox into which an overwritable free space is inserted. The overwritable free space of the FreeSpaceBox hereinafter is referred to as an ‘overwritable free space’. The detail of a free size determining process  224  is described below. An overwritable free space  222  of the free size  221  is generated in a free size generating process  25 . In a file generating process  27 , as shown in FIG. 10, the MP4 file  204  in which the overwritable free space  222  is positioned before the mdat  111  is generated according to the mdat  111 , the moov  110 , and the overwritable free space  222 , and then is stored.  
         [0058]    [0058]FIG. 11 is a detailed block diagram of the free size determination process  224 . The free size determination process  224  comprises an moov conversion candidate information memory portion  22  and a maximum moov incremental size estimate process  250 . The moov conversion candidate information memory portion  22  stores plural pieces of information on an moov to which the moov  110  generated through the moov generating process  26  will be converted (with a relieved converting process). The conversion according to the first embodiment of the present invention means that, in converting an MP4 file comprised of only the required boxes defined by the ISO/IEC 14496-1: 2001 to an MP4 file which complies with a delivery method defined by the WMF. A WMF-compliance moov  171  rewrites only the moov  110  without rewriting the mdat  111 . The MP4 file thus adapts to the WMF. The moov conversion candidate information memory portion  22  is hereinafter described in detail.  
         [0059]    A maximum moov incremental size estimate process  250  obtains an estimate value of a maximum moov incremental size in reference to the moov conversion candidate information memory portion  22  and information  223  on the moov  110  generated through the moov generating process  26 . The maximum moov incremental size means an incremental size value of the largest moov conversion candidate among the moov conversion candidates stored in the conversion candidate information memory portion  22 , the incremental size value being obtained by comparing the largest moov conversion candidate to a current moov  111  The maximum moov incremental size estimate process  250  outputs the estimate value of the moov incremental size as a minimum free size  221 . The maximum moov incremental size estimate process  250  hereinafter is described in detail. In other words, a free size  221 , is equals to or larger than the moov incremental size, i.e., the difference between the largest moov conversion size supported by the system minus a moov size of interest.  
         [0060]    The conversion candidates information memory portion  22  stores a plurality sets of the moov conversion candidate information. FIG. 12 illustrates in detail the conversion candidates information memory portion  22 . The conversion candidates information memory portion  22  stores as many information on the moov candidates (MV 1 , MV 2 , and MV 3 ) as the number of the candidates (in FIG. 12 the number of the candidates is three). In FIG. 12, for example, the first moov conversion candidate information MV 1  is the WMF format (RTFD  1 . 1 ) shown in FIG. 8. The MV 1  describes at least a type of required box and an estimate size (or fixed size of a box) of the RTFD 1.1. The moov conversion candidate information MV 1  shows that the WMF format contains required boxes of at least 72 bytes. Being required by the maximum moov incremental size estimate process  250 , the conversion candidates information memory portion  22  outputs any one of the moov conversion candidate information MV 1 , MV 2 , and MV 3  as moov conversion candidate information  252 .  
         [0061]    [0061]FIG. 13 is a flowchart of one example of the maximum moov incremental size estimate process  250 . First, a variable DMAX is initialized (DMAX=0) to store a maximum size increment (step  1400 ). Next, in the moov conversion candidate information memory portion  22 , whether or not an unprocessed moov conversion candidate exists is determined (step  1401 ). When the unprocessed moov conversion candidate does not exist, the maximum moov incremental size estimate process  250  outputs the variable DMAX, and finishes. When the unprocessed moov conversion candidate exists, the maximum moov incremental size estimate process  250  obtains the moov conversion candidate information  252  from the moov conversion candidate information memory portion  22  to estimate an moov incremental size of the moov conversion candidate  240  so as to obtain an estimate incremental size D. The moov incremental size estimate process  240  is described hereinafter. The estimate incremental size D and the maximum value variable DMAX (step  1402 ) are compared to each other. Only when the DMAX&lt;D, D replaces the DMAX (step  1403 ). Thereafter, the maximum moov incremental size estimate process  250  returns to the step  1401 . In the above-described process, the maximum value variable DMAX stores a maximum value among the incremental size values of all moov conversion candidates.  
         [0062]    [0062]FIG. 14 is a flowchart of one example of the moov incremental size estimate process  240 . In the moov incremental size estimate process  240 , first, the estimate value D which stores size increment is initialized (D=0, step  1201 ). Next whether or not an unprocessed required box exists in the moov conversion candidates is determined (step  1202 ). When an unprocessed required box does not exist, the current variable D is determined as the moov estimate incremental size, and the moov incremental size estimate process  240  finishes. When an unprocessed required box exists, whether or not the required box exists in the current moov  111  is determined based on the moov information  223  (step  1203 ). If the required box exists, the moov incremental size estimate process  240  returns to step  1202 . If the required box does not exist, the estimate size of the required box is added to the variable D (step  1204 ), and the moov incremental size estimate process  240  returns to step  1202 . The estimate size of the required box is obtained from the moov conversion candidate information  252 .  
         [0063]    According to the above-described file storing process  203 , in the MP4 file generating device  501  of the first embodiment of the present invention, the MP4 file  204  which contains an overwritable free space is generated and stored in consideration of a future moov conversion process.  
         [0064]    [0064]FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a structure of an MP4 file converting device  511  according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the moov converting process  205 , the MP4 file converting device  511  converts only the moov  110  in the MP4 file  204  generated by the MP4 file generating device  501  of the first embodiment so as to output the converted file  206 .  
         [0065]    The moov converting process  205  is described in detail in reference to FIG. 16. FIG. 16 is a flowchart of one example process of the moov converting process  205 . In the moov converting process  205 , an input MP4 file is analyzed to obtain an overwritable data size WS (step  1600 ). In the first embodiment of the present invention, the overwritable free space size WS is equal to a sum of the sizes of both the free size  221  and the moov  110 . Next, after the conversion, an moov  171  and an ftyp  170  are generated based on the moov  110  (step  1601 ). In the first embodiment of the present invention, the conversion candidates in the moov converting process  205  comply with the MP4 file format defined by the WMF as a streaming delivery format. Whether or not a meta data size of the sum of both the moov  171  and the ftyp  170  is equal to or larger than the overwritable size WS is determined (step  1603 ).  
         [0066]    When the meta data size is smaller than the overwritable size WS, the copied ftyp  170  and the moov  171  overwrite the MP4 file  204  from its beginning (step  1604 ). The data right behind the moov  171  and right before the mdat  111  of the MP4 file  204  is replaced with an overwritable free space  260  (step  1605 ) such that the moov converting process  205  finishes. The converted MP4 file  206  has a structure as shown in FIG. 17. In FIG. 17 the unconverted MP4 file  204  of FIG. 10 is also shown for comparing these two files. The size of the overwritable free space  260  in the converted MP4 file  206  basically differs from that of the overwritable free space  222  in the unconverted MP4 file  204  (in some cases these sizes may be same). The mdat  111  does not need to be copied because the position of the mdat  111  does not change between in the unconverted MP4 file  204  and in the converted MP4 file  206 . Therefore the file writing process and temporary memory space allocating become unnecessary. Further, as described hereinafter, the rewriting of the stco  164 , which represents position information of the chunks in the mdat  111 , also becomes unnecessary. An efficient MP4 file format conversion thus becomes possible.  
         [0067]    When the meta data is larger than the overwritable size WS, the ftyp  170  and the moov  171  cannot overwrite the position before the beginning of the mdat  111  in the MP4 file  204 . In this case, a space is required for temporarily copying the mdat  111  because the position of the mdat  111  changes. When the size of the mdat  111  is large, it may be difficult to allocating a temporary space for copying. Whether or not the moov conversion is possible after the temporary space for copying is allocated is determined (step  1606 ). If impossible, the moov conversion is not performed, a massage to finish the moov converting process  205  is output, and the moov converting process  205  finishes. If possible, the temporary space for copying is allocated, and the mdat  111  is copied to the temporary space (step  1607 ). Next, the copied ftyp  170  and the moov  171  overwrite the MP 4  file from its beginning (step  1608 ). The mdat  111  copied in the temporary space overwrites the position just behind the moov  171  (step  1609 ). The stco  164  in the moov  171  is rewritten because the first position of the mdat  111  changes between in the converted MP4 file  206  and in the unconverted MP4 file  204  (step  1610 ). Then the moov conversion process  205  finishes.  
         [0068]    [0068]FIG. 18 is a structure of the MP4 file  206  generated when the meta data size is larger than the overwritable size WS. As described above, when the overwritable free space in the unconverted MP4 file is not sufficient, the allocating of a temporary copy space and the writing of the mdat  111  into the temporary copy space are needed so that the mdat  111  is processed to move. After the mdat  111  is moved, the rewriting of the stco  164  is also needed. When the size of the mdat  111  is larger, the volume for the above-described process increases such that the MP4 file conversion process becomes inefficient. Therefore it is preferable that the overwritable free space inserted in the unconverted MP4 file  204  is larger in consideration of subsequent moov conversion processes.  
         [0069]    The third embodiment of the present invention is an variation of the first or second embodiment. In the maximum moov incremental size estimate process  250  within the file storing process  203 , the MP4 file storing device comprises means for specifying one or more candidates memorized in the moov conversion candidate information memory portion  22 , wherein the incremental size of the specified candidate is estimated in the moov incremental size estimate process  240 , and the estimate incremental size is output as a free size  221 .  
         [0070]    A fourth embodiment of the present invention is an variation of the first or second embodiment. In the moov incremental size estimate process  240  within the file storing process  203 , the file storing device comprises a function of adding not only the required box size in the candidate moov but also an optional box size into the incremental size estimate process so as to be accommodated by an overwritable free space.  
         [0071]    A fifth embodiment of the present invention is an variation of the first or second embodiment. In the moov incremental size estimate process  240  within the file storing process  203 , the file storing device comprises a function of subtracting a size of the boxes (as one group, marked with ‘U’) contained in the unconverted moov  110  in the unconverted MP4 file  204  but not contained in the converted moov  171  from the estimate incremental size D. When the file is converted, the sizes and structures of a parent box (which contains the group of the boxes U) and of an upper parent box (which contains the parent box change after conversion). Therefore during the conversion, these sizes and structures are also processed to convert. According to the fifth embodiment, since the incremental size is strictly estimated, no unnecessarily large free size is set.  
         [0072]    [0072]FIG. 19 is a structure of an MP4 file delivery server  521  of a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The MP4 file delivery server  521  comprises the MP4 file generating device  501  of the first embodiment, the plural MP4 file converting devices ( 511 ,  512 ) of the second embodiment, and plural delivery devices ( 207 ,  212 ) respectively corresponding to the plural MP4 file converting devices  511  and  512 . In the MP4 file delivery server  521 , the MP4 file  204  generated by the MP4 file generating device  501  is converted to an MP4 file  206  suitable for the file delivery device  207 , through the moov converting process  205 . Otherwise the MP4 file  204  is converted to an MP4 file  211  suitable for the file delivery device  212 , through an moov converting process  209 . The delivery devices  207  and  212  respectively process the MP4 files  206  and  211  according to their delivery formats, and then the processed MP4 files  206  and  211  are delivered as streams  208  and  213 .  
         [0073]    According to the structure of the sixth embodiment, an MP4 file  204  of a given format is converted to plural delivery formats to be delivered. The moov converting processes  209  and  205  have basically the same structures, while the moov formats respectively converted through the moov converting processes  209  and  205  are different from each other.  
         [0074]    In a seventh embodiment of the present invention, a gateway device receives the MP4 file  204  generated by the file storing device of the first or second embodiment via a network  1 , and converts it to the MP4 file  206  such that the MP4 file  206  is transmitted via a network  2 . FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a structure of a gateway process  300 . Each process ( 205 ,  207 ) within the gateway process  300  are the same process as the first or second embodiment. In other words, the embodiment is used in a gateway between the two networks.  
         [0075]    In an MP4 receiving terminal device of an eighth embodiment, the MP4 file  204  generated by the file storing device of the first embodiment is received via a network, and is converted to the MP4 file format  206  which the MP4 receiving terminal device itself can reproduce.  
         [0076]    [0076]FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a structure of an internal process  401  in the receiving terminal device of the sixth embodiment. The MP4 file  204  received via the network  1  is converted to the MP4 file  206  which can be reproduced by the receiving terminal device, through the moov converting process  205 . The converted MP4 file  206  is decoded through an MP4 file decoding process  400 , and thus is opportunely output as a video data  402  and audio data  403 , which are represented to a user by a video/audio output device  404 . The moov converting process  205  has the same structure as of the first or second embodiment.  
         [0077]    A ninth embodiment is one variation of the first or second embodiment. With external inputs and downloaded files, the MP4 file storing device adds, deletes, updates, and stores the moov conversion candidate information in the moov conversion candidate information memory portion  22 .  
         [0078]    [0078]FIG. 22 is one example of an interface used in adding, deleting, and updating the moov conversion candidate information in the MP4 file storing device of the ninth embodiment. When the information in the moov conversion candidate information memory portion  22  is to be changed, a screen  601  displays for a user to select a candidate information changing method. When the user selects “1. new registration of conversion candidate”, a screen  602  displays in the ninth embodiment for the user to select a registration method for registering a new conversion candidate. The screen  602  shows “1. manual input,” “2. refer to profile,” and “3. refer to MP4 file” as the options. When the user selects “1. manual input,” a screen  603  displays, showing the menu and shifting to the input state for a new registration name and new registration box information. In the screen  603 , a new registration box name, a parent box name which directly contains the new registration box and an estimate size (number of bytes) of the new registration box are input as the new registration box information. When plural boxes are to be registered, the input of the registration box information to the screen  603  is repeated more than once. In the ninth embodiment, the input new registration box information is registered in the moov conversion candidate information memory portion  22 . In the ninth embodiment, when the user selects “2. refer to profile” in the screen  602 , the moov conversion candidate information described according to a given format is set as the input source. A file on a disk and data on a flash memory are used as the input source. In the ninth embodiment, when the user selects “3. refer to MP4 file”, all box information in a specified MP4 file is registered. The registration function referring to a file simplifies the registration process. The MP4 file storing device of the ninth embodiment always stores new MP4 file formats as conversion candidate information. To easily convert an MP4 file format to the new MP4 file format, the MP4 file storing device generates and contains an MP4 file  204  with an overwritable free space.  
         [0079]    A tenth embodiment of the present invention is an variation of the first embodiment. In the file storing device of the tenth embodiment, the free size is specified, and the specified free size is output as a free size  221 , through the free size determination process  224 .  
         [0080]    According to the present invention, a multimedia content storing file (particularly an MP4 file) is converted to meet the use of an application only by overwriting a meta data portion (moov) before a media data portion, without rewriting the media data portion (mdat) which occupies the majority of the MP4 file, and without allocating a memory space for rewriting. An efficient conversion of the MP4 file is possible by reducing processed data and memory space.  
         [0081]    In addition, the file offset information (stco) is not rewritten because the file position of the media data portion does not change. Therefore, analyzing and overwriting the file offset information become unnecessary, which is advantageous in mounting and converting the MP4 file efficiently.  
         [0082]    The present invention is available for all devices and applications that need a file conversion, such as a delivery format conversion in a delivery server device and a gateway device, or a file format conversion and file upgrade in a file reproducing device.  
         [0083]    This invention is especially effective in converting file formats in a portable digital device with restrictions in operation capability or memories, such as a PDA and a cellular phone. In cases of transferring MP4 files between any two of such portable devices, it is very efficient to convert the file into another MP4 file format by the sending or receiving digital device by applying the invention before or after the transmission. For example, when a received MP4 file format is un-reproducible with the receiving terminal, the receiving terminal converts it into an MP4 file format that can be reproduced therein efficiently.  
         [0084]    Also, this invention can be applied in an MP4 distribution server. According to this invention, the contents accumulated in the distribution server of one file format are efficiently changed into one or more other formats so as to be distributed to the computers supporting different kinds of file formats.  
         [0085]    When distributing and exchanging contents between a server and a personal digital assistant, etc., the conversion or upgrade of a file format can be carried out efficiently with this invention. As such, the number of the terminals which can adapt the contents of one file format into another increases so as to promote the circulation of the contents.  
         [0086]    The principles, preferred embodiments and modes of operation of the present invention have been described in the foregoing specification. However, the invention which is intended to be protected is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed. The embodiments described herein are illustrative rather than restrictive. Variations and changes may be made by others, and equivalents employed, without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, it is expressly intended that all such variations, changes and equivalents which fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the claims, be embraced thereby.