Abstract:
A method of reassigning user data in a communications system is disclosed, with a plurality of identities for each user. The method includes storing in a user information store the plurality of identities in association with a first serving controller, the plurality of identities being associated with respective registration statuses selected from a registered status and an unregistered status; detecting that the user has requested registration to a second serving controller using one of the identities; and issuing a registration termination request identifying each identity, which has been newly assigned to the second serving controller as a result of the requested registration. Responsive to the registration termination request, re-registration notification is issued to the user and all identities of the said user from the first serving controller are dissociated.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to user registration in a communication system. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   A diverse range of communication systems are in use today enabling communication between two or more entities, such as user equipment and/or other nodes associated with the system. Such systems may comprise, for example, communication of voice, data, and multimedia data. 
   Communication systems providing wireless communication for user terminals or other nodes are known. An example of a wireless system is a public land mobile network (PLMN). A PLMN is typically a cellular network wherein a base transceiver station (BTS) or similar access entity serves user equipment (UE) such as mobile stations (MS) via a wireless interface. The operation of the apparatus required for the communication is usually controlled by one or more control entities, which themselves may be interconnected. One or more gateway nodes provide for connecting the PLMN to other networks. Examples of other such networks are another cellular network, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) and packet switched data networks such as an IP (Internet Protocol) based network. The communication between the user equipment and the other elements of the communication system are based on an appropriate communications protocol, which defines the “rules” under which communication is handled in the system. 
   In the current third generation (3G) wireless system, there are defined various servers for the handling of different communication services for mobile users. These include servers that provide call state control functions, known as CSCFs. Control functions may also be provided by entities such as a home subscriber server (HSS) and various application servers (AS). The HSS is typically for permanently storing the user&#39;s (subscriber&#39;s) profile. For example, in the Release 5 architecture for 3G, as specified by the 3 rd  Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), these entities can be found located in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Call state control function provides a serving function S-CSCF, an interrogating function, I-CSCF and a proxy function P-CSCF. 
   The IMS network may sit at the hub of the 3G architecture, supporting an IP based network that handles both traditional voice telephony and multimedia services. The 3GPP has chosen Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) as a core session signalling protocol for 3G networks. SIP has been developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The 3GPP specification 24.229 describing the IMS network basic operation from an SIP perspective can be found at http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/latest/Rel-5/24_series/24229-560.zip. It should be noted that SIP is a request/response style protocol, in the sense that for every message sent from a source, there is an associated response from the destination confirming receipt of the sent message. 
   Users are registered with S-CSCFs according to location and available communication links. The interrogating serving call state control function (I-CSCF) is used to contact the S-CSCFs. When the S-CSCF which is the assigned S-CSCF for a user cannot be contacted by the I-CSCF, it is possible to assign a new S-CSCF for a user during the registration procedure. When this is done, it is possible that the home subscriber server HSS receives a multimedia authentication request (MAR) command including an S-CSCF name which is not the same as the previously assigned S-CSCF for the user. In the existing 3GPP protocol, the home subscriber server can deregister the registrations in the old S-CSCF by using the Registration-Termination-Request (RTR) command. By assigning the reason NEW_SERVER_ASSIGNED to this command, this causes the user&#39;s public identity which is registered in the new S-CSCF to be deregistered from the old S-CSCF. A subsequent RTR command must then be issued for the rest of the user&#39;s public identities with the deregistration reason set to SERVER_CHANGE which causes the corresponding user data to be removed from the old S-CSCF and initiates a deregistration procedure for the user equipment UE to request the user equipment UE to re-register. The re-registration process is then directed by the I-CSCF to the new S-CSCF. 
   Thus, two individual command sets are required to implement the two necessary steps, that is the deregistration of the users&#39; public identities from the previous S-CSCF and the re-registration of the public identities at the new S-CSCF. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   It is an aim of the present invention to make this procedure more command-efficient. 
   According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of reassigning user data in a communications system, the user data comprising a plurality of identities for each user, the method comprising the steps of: storing in a user information store the plurality of identities in association with a first serving controller, the plurality of identities being associated with respective registration statuses selected from a registered status and an unregistered status; detecting that the user has requested registration to a second serving controller using one of said identities; issuing a registration termination request identifying the or each identity, which has been newly assigned to the second serving controller as a result of the requested registration; responsive to the registration termination request, i) issuing a re-registration notification to the user including the or each identity which has a registered status and which were not assigned to the second serving controller as a result of the requested registration, and ii) disassociating all identities of the said user from the first serving controller. 
   It will be clear that the re-registration notification causes any unassigned identities of registered status to be reassigned to the second serving controller. Unassigned identities of unregistered status need not be reassigned. 
   Another aspect provides a communications system comprising: a first serving controller; a user information store which holds for a user a plurality of identities in association with the first serving controller, the plurality of identities being associated with respective registration statuses selected from a registered status and an unregistered status; a second serving controller configured to transfer to the user information store a user authentication request identifying the user; and wherein the user information store is operable to detect the user authentication request and comprises means for inserting into a registration termination request issued to the first serving controller the or each identity of that user, which were newly associated to the second serving controller as a result of the user authentication request, and wherein the first serving controller is operable, responsive to the registration termination request, to i) issue a re-registration notification to the user including the or each identity which has a registered status and which were not assigned to the second serving controller as a result of the user authentication request, and ii) disassociate all identities of the said user from the first serving controller. 
   Another aspect provides a serving controller for use in a system for providing communication between users, the first serving controller having an interface adapted to communicate with a user information store whereby a plurality of identities each with respective registration statuses associate a user with the serving controller and being operable, responsive to a registration termination request received from the user information store, to i) issue a re-registration notification to the user including the or each identity which has a registered status and which incorrectly associate the user with the first serving controller, and ii) disassociate all identities of the said user from the serving controller. 
   In one embodiment, multiple user equipment (equivalent to a private ID) may share one or more public identities or identity sets. For example, the help desk employees may share one common public identity SIP:helpdesk@example.com. Each employee may register/deregister independently, and the serving controller routes the SIP call request to available employees so that any of them may pick up the call. In addition, each user equipment may also have non-shared individual public identities. An aspect of the present invention can be applied in this context to ensure that the serving controller is the same for all the user equipments sharing the same identity/identities. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, if any of the public identities of a sharing user equipment is registered to a new serving controller, the serving controller is changed for all of those user equipments and their public identities. To achieve this, the registration termination request (RTR) initiates deregistration of all of those user equipments and corresponding public identities. To achieve this, when the serving controller receives a registration termination request, it can find out, based on locally stored information, if there are any public identities associated to the user equipment which are shared by another user equipment. If there is, the serving controller can start the deregistration procedure for all of those user equipments and their public identities. 
   In the 3GPP architecture, the user information store is constituted by the home subscriber server, but it will be appreciated that in other architectures a different database may be provided. Also, the first and second serving controllers are provided by the serving call state control functions in a 3GPP architecture, but again it will be appreciated that in a different architecture any suitable controller could perform this role. 
   The registration termination request can be an RTR command according to the known 3G protocol, or can be the equivalent or other suitable command in different protocols. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     For a better understanding of the present invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made by way of example to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram showing the environment in which an embodiment of the invention can be implemented; 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram illustrating the storage of user identities; and 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram illustrating the message flow. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   Certain embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following by way of example, with reference to the exemplifying architecture of a third generation (3G) mobile communications system. However, it shall be appreciated that the embodiments may be applied to any suitable communication system. 
   Reference is made to  FIG. 1  which shows an example of a network architecture wherein the invention may be embodied. In  FIG. 1  an IP Multimedia Network (IMS)  45  is provided for offering IP multimedia services for IP Multimedia Network subscribers. 
   As described above, IP Multimedia (IM) functionalities can be provided by means of a mobile communication system. A mobile communication system is typically arranged to serve a plurality of mobile user equipment (UE) usually via a wireless interface between the user equipment and at least one base station of the communication system. The mobile communication system may logically be divided between a radio access network (RAN) and a core network (CN). 
   In the system a base station  31  is arranged to transmit signals to and receive signals from mobile user equipment  30  of a mobile user i.e. subscriber via a wireless interface between the user equipment and the radio access network. Correspondingly, the mobile user equipment is able to transmit signals to and receive signals from the radio access network via the wireless interface. 
   In the shown arrangement the user equipment  30  may access the IMS network  45  via the access network associated with base station  31 , respectively. It shall be appreciated that, although, for clarity reasons  FIG. 1  shows a base station of only one radio access network, a typical communication network system usually includes a number of radio access networks. 
   The 3G radio access network (RAN) is typically controlled by appropriate radio network controller (RNC). This controller is not shown in order to enhance clarity. A controller may be assigned for each base station or a controller can control a plurality of base stations, for example in the radio access network level. It shall thus be appreciated that the name, location and number of the network controllers depends on the system. 
   The mobile user equipment  30  may comprise any appropriate mobile user equipment adapted for Internet Protocol (IP) communication to connect the network. For example, the mobile user may access the cellular network by means of a Personal computer (PC), Personal Data Assistant (PDA), mobile station (MS) and so on. The following examples are described in the context of mobile stations. 
   One skilled in the art is familiar with the features and operation of a typical mobile station. Thus, it is sufficient to note that the user may use a mobile station for tasks such as for making and receiving phone calls, for receiving and sending data from and to the network and for experiencing multimedia content or otherwise using multimedia services. A mobile station may include an antenna for wirelessly receiving and transmitting signals from and to base stations of the mobile communication network. A mobile station may also be provided with a display for displaying images and other graphical information for the user of the mobile user equipment. Camera means may be provided for capturing still or video images. Speaker means are also typically provided. The operation of a mobile station may be controlled by means of an appropriate user interface such as control buttons, voice commands and so on. Furthermore, a mobile station is provided with a processor entity and a memory means. 
   It shall be appreciated that although only one mobile station is shown in  FIG. 1  for clarity, a number of mobile stations may be in simultaneous communication with base stations of a mobile communication system. 
   The core network (CN) entities typically include various switching and other control entities and gateways for enabling the communication via a number of radio access networks and also for interfacing a single communication system with one or more communication system such as with other cellular systems and/or fixed line communication systems. In the 3GPP systems the radio access network controller is typically connected to an appropriate core network entity or entities such as, but not limited to, a serving general packet radio service support node (SGSN)  33 . The radio access network controller is in communication with the serving GPRS support node via an appropriate interface, for example on an Iu interface. Although not shown, the SGSN typically has access to designated subscriber database configured for storing information associated with the subscription of the respective user equipment. 
   The serving GPRS support node, in turn, typically communicates with a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)  34  via the GPRS backbone network  32 . This interface is commonly a switched packet data interface. 
     FIG. 1  shows an application server (AS)  50 . The user equipment  30  may connect, via the GPRS network, to the application server that is connected to one or more data networks such as, but not limited to, the exemplifying Internet Protocol (IP) network. It shall be appreciated that a great number of application servers may be connected to each data network. 
   The communication systems have developed in the direction wherein services are provided for the user equipment by means of various functions of the data network that are handled by controller entities, such as servers. For example, in the current third generation (3G) wireless multimedia network architectures it is assumed that several different servers providing various control functions are used for the service provision control. These include functions such as the call session control functions (CSCFs). The call session functions may be divided into various categories such as a proxy call session control function (P-CSCF), interrogating call session control function (I-CSCF), and serving call session control function (S-CSCF). It shall be appreciated that similar functions may be referred to in different systems with different names. For example, in certain applications the CSCFs may be referenced to as the call state control functions. 
   A user who wishes to use services provided by an application server via the IMS system may need first to register with a serving controller, such as the serving call session control function (S-CSCF 1 )  42 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , communication between the S-CSCF  42  and the user equipment  30  may be routed via at least one proxy call session control function (P-CSCF)  35  and an interrogating call session control function I-CSCF  36 . The proxy CSCF  35  is thus for proxying messages from the GGSN  34  to a serving call session control function  42 . The S-CSCF  42  in  FIG. 1 , in turn, provides the control entity the user equipment  30  needs to be registered with. The registration is required to enable the user equipment to request a service from the communication system. 
   The system of  FIG. 1  is further arranged such that a user who has been provided with required communication resources by the backbone network and is registered to the S-CSCF  42  has to initiate the use of services offered by the application server  50  by sending a request for the desired service to the S-CSCF  42  over the communication system. 
   In  FIG. 1 , another serving call session control function  43 , S-CSCF 2 , is illustrated. In practice there will of course be a number of S-CSCFs. 
   A user information storage entity may also be provided for storing subscriber i.e. user related information. In the particular embodiment the storage entity is shown to be provided by means of a home subscriber server (HSS)  37 . The home subscriber server (HSS)  37  can be queried by other function entities over the appropriate interfaces, e.g. during session set-up procedures and later. The subscriber information may include information such as data required for registration and authentication purposes (e.g. identities and registration status of the subscriber) and so on. The HSS  37  can also be used for storing permanently subscriber profile information. In particular, the home subscriber server holds information associating public identities with particular user equipment UE, and identifying the S-CSCF to which that UE is registered. Each UE is identified with unique private identity, which has the form of Network Access Identifier, for example UE1@example.org. 
     FIG. 2  shows by way of example the contents of the home subscriber server database  38 . It will be appreciated that this is by way of example only and the precise layout and protocol will vary in accordance with the network requirements. Each user equipment UE may be associated with multiple public identities which are labeled Pid 1  to Pid 7  in  FIG. 2 . The public identity is user&#39;s public address, which is used for communications within the IMS system. The public user identity can, for example, be in a form of SIP URI like sip: pid 1 @example.org. The public identities may be handled individually or they can be grouped to one or several public identity sets. The public identities may be shared by multiple UEs. Each individual public identity or a set of public identities are registered independently by each UE sharing them and they can have different services executed in the network. Each public identity can have a registered or unregistered status, which is dependent on the UE, and, when registered, is associated with a particular S-CSCF. 
   It is supposed to be the case that all public identities for a particular user equipment UE should be registered with the same S-CSCF. When multiple UEs share one or more public identities, all the public identities associated with those UEs have to be registered to the same S-CSCF. Sometimes circumstances occur (as described later) so that one of the public identities is registered with a different S-CSCF to the others. The following described embodiment takes care of such a situation in a command-efficient manner. This will now be described with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
   In a 3G network, when a user first switches on his mobile terminal, he must register his user ID or address with the network before allowing the terminal to fully connect. This is done by sending an SIP ‘REGISTER’ message, which includes details of the user&#39;s address, from the terminal to the IMS. The IMS processes this information, via the serving call state control function (S-CSCF), storing the relevant registration information at the HSS. This registration information may include the status of the user such as the location, terminal capability and user availability. The registration is acknowledged by the IMS through a suitable response message that is also in accordance with SIP. Subsequent registrations also take place (‘re-REGISTER’) whenever the preceding registration has expired, or when there is a change in the status of the user or another reason to refresh the registration. 
   If, in a registration procedure, the previously assigned S-CSCF does not respond to the register message sent from the I-CSCF after a timeout, a new S-CSCF is assigned for the user. In  FIG. 3 , a failed registration request is shown as being transmitted from the user equipment UE 1  to the first S-CSCF 1 ,  42 . A subsequent registration request in respect of the first public identity PID 1  is shown having been successfully made to the second S-CSCF 2 ,  43 . However, in order to request authentication information and to inform the HSS the user equipment UE 1  as having been registered in respect of S-CSCF 2 , the S-CSCF 2  issues a Multimedia-Auth-Request (MAR) command which identifies the second S-CSCF 2 . The home subscriber server  37  receives the MAR command and, noticing that the command includes a different S-CSCF name than the previous one which had been stored, dispatches an RTR command towards the first S-CSCF 1  via the Cx interface. The home subscriber server  37  inserts into the RTR command the deregistration reason NEW_SERVER_ASSIGNED, and also inserts the public identities belonging to the same implicitly registered set (Set  1 ) as the notified public identity Pid 1 . In this case, it will insert Pid 1 , Pid 2  and Pid 3 . The home subscriber server inserts also the private identity of the UE 1  into the RTR. When the first S-CSCF 1  receives the RTR command with the deregistration reason assigned to the value NEW_SERVER_ASSIGNED it removes the user data of those public identities which are in the request and the user data of all other public identities, which are related to the same UE 1 , that is, to the same private identity. That is, it removes Pid 1 -Pid 6  as being associated with S-CSCF 1 . It also issues a NOTIFY message to the user equipment UE 1  identifying the public identities/identity sets which had a registered status and which were not included in the RTR command, and which have now been deregistered from S-CSCF 1 . The NOTIFY message contains an indication for the user equipment UE 1  to re-register these public identities at the new S-CSCF 2 . It achieves this by performing a re-registration procedure as indicated in  FIG. 3 , and as described above. Note that the public identities (Set  2 ) which are in an unregistered state at the first S-CSCF 1  are removed, but no NOTIFY message is sent for those identities because there is no need to re-register them. 
   When removing the public identities of the UE 1 , the S-CSCF detects the shared public identity, in the example Pid 6 , and based on that, it removes all the user data, which is related to the sharing UE 2 . That is, it removes Pid 6 -Pid 7  as being associated with S-CSCF 1 . It also issues a NOTIFY message to the user equipment UE 2  identifying the public identities/identity sets which had a registered status and which were not included in the RTR command, and which have now been deregistered from S-CSCF 1 . The NOTIFY message contains an indication for the user equipment UE 2  to re-register these public identities at the new S-CSCF 2 . It achieves this by performing a re-registration procedure as indicated in  FIG. 3 , and as described above. Note that the public identity  7  (Set  4 ) which is in an unregistered state at the first S-CSCF 1  is removed, but no NOTIFY message is sent for that identity because there is no need to re-register it. 
   The above-described embodiment of the invention thus optimises an existing functionality of 3GPP IMS deregistration. In particular it optimises the Cx interface usage and the behaviour of the HSS in the deregistration procedure during the change of the assigned S-CSCF. This is achieved in the above described embodiment by carrying out the deregistration procedure of multiple public user identity sets and UEs with a single RTR command during the change of the S-CSCF. The reason NEW_SERVER_ASSIGNED indicates that the S-CSCF shall start the deregistration procedure (i.e. issue a notify message) towards the user equipment UE for the rest of the user&#39;s public identity/identity sets which are registered for that S-CSCF 1  and which are not yet registered in the newly assigned S-CSCF 2 . Another alternative is that a new reason value is introduced instead of using the existing reason NEW_SERVER_ASSIGNED. This might be necessary to guarantee the interworking between different releases of 3GPP IMS solutions. 
   Thus, only a single RTR/RTA command pair needs to be processed, instead of multiple pairs as in the existing 3G system. 
   It will readily be appreciated that the IMS network illustrated in  FIG. 1  may comprise further S-CSCFs, interrogating CSCFs and proxy CSCFs. Likewise, although embodiments of the present invention have been described in the context of 3G using SIP, other suitable systems and interface protocols could be used. 
   It is also noted herein that while the above-described exemplifying embodiments of the invention, there are several variations and modifications which may be made to the disclosed solution without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.