Abstract:
An entry sensor, which supports either wireless or wired operation, facilitates installation and is adjustable for gaps between a building entry barrier such as a door or window and the surrounding frame. The sensor, which may be implemented as a single piece design, includes an adjustment mechanism that enables an installer to vary the extension of the sensor to match the actual gap so that the sensor properly secures the building entry when closed. The sensor includes a detector that determines the state of a switch that is responsive to the movement of a plunger mechanism, where the state is indicative whether the building entry barrier is opened or closed, and that may determine whether the sensor is tampered with. The sensor also may facilitate battery replacement that protects the associated circuitry during the replacement.

Description:
This patent application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/099,818 entitled “Adjustable Door Sensor” filed on Jan. 5, 2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     Aspects of the disclosure relate to an adjustable sensor for securing a building opening such as a door or window that adapts to the gaps between the moving and stationary portions of the opening and the covering. For example, the amount of the actuator&#39;s depth may be adjusted through a screw type structure with mechanism to secure the adjusted depth. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Residential and commercial burglaries are an endemic problem throughout the world. For example, homeowners in the United States are victims of burglary about every 15 seconds. The typical homeowner suffers a loss of nearly $2,000 in stolen goods or property damage. Approximately two million home burglaries are reported each year in the United States and about 30 percent of all burglaries are through an open or unlocked window or door. Moreover, one of three residential assaults is a result of a burglary. Consequently, an approach that facilitates the securing doors and windows in a building may offer a significant benefit to people. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     Aspects described herein address one or more of the issues mentioned above by disclosing methods, computer readable media, and apparatuses that support an adjustable building entry sensor for securing a building barrier such as a door or window. 
     With one aspect, embodiments support adjustable contact switching as well as facilitating battery replacement that protects the associated circuitry during the replacement. 
     With another aspect, an entry sensor, which supports either wireless or wired operation, facilitates installation and is adjustable for gaps between a door or window and the surrounding frame. The sensor, which may be implemented as a single piece design, includes an adjustment mechanism that enables an installer to vary the extension of the sensor to match the actual gap so that the sensor properly secures the building entry when closed. The sensor includes a detector that determines the state of a switch that is responsive to the movement of a plunger mechanism, where the state is indicative whether the building entry is opened or closed, and that may determine whether the sensor is tampered with. The sensor also may facilitate battery replacement that protects the associated circuitry during the replacement. 
     With another aspect, a sensor device for a building barrier comprises a plunger, a sensor housing, a switch, and a linkage. The plunger is adapted to engage either the surrounding frame or the building barrier to secure the building barrier when in a closed position and to disengage the surrounding frame or building barrier when the building barrier is in an opened position. The sensor housing has an adjustment mechanism that is adapted to adjust a depth of the plunger with respect to the surrounding frame or building barrier. The adjustment, in turn, comprises a threaded portion that is adjustably inserted through a hole in either the building barrier or surrounding frame, and driver slots enabling the threaded portion to be externally adjusted. The switch has first and second states indicative of the closed and opened positions of the plunger, respectively. The linkage couples the plunger to the switch, where the linkage moves responsive to movement of the plunger. 
     With another aspect, a sensor device comprises a sensing circuit that is electrically connected to the switch. The sensing circuit includes a detector to determine the state of the switch, a processing device that determines state information from the detected state, and a communication device that sends a signal indicative of the state information over a communication channel. 
     With another aspect, a sensor device comprises a housing, a plunger body, a plunger cap, and a switch. The plunger body has a threaded portion and a rod, where the plunger body is adapted to travel within the housing. The plunger cap is adapted to be adjustable to a desired depth with respect to the surrounding frame or building barrier by rotating the plunger cap via the threaded portion of the plunger body. The plunger cap is further adapted to engage the surrounding frame or building barrier to secure the building barrier when in a closed position and to disengage the surrounding frame or building barrier when the building barrier is in an opened position. The switch has first and second states indicative of the closed and opened positions, respectively. The rod couples the plunger body to the switch and moves in response to movement of the plunger body. 
     Aspects of the embodiments may be provided in a computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions to perform one or more of the process steps described herein. 
     These and other aspects of the embodiments are discussed in greater detail throughout this disclosure, including the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The foregoing summary of the invention, as well as the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, is better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included by way of example, and not by way of limitation with regard to the claimed invention. 
         FIG. 1  shows an apparatus with a plunger, sensor housing with screw adjustment capability, and two stage spring actuation in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  shows an apparatus with an attached rod plunger, sensor housing with screw adjustment capability, and single spring actuation in accordance with another embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  shows an apparatus with tamper detection and a mounting mechanism suitable for certain door jambs in accordance with an embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  shows an apparatus comprising sensor electronics circuitry in accordance with an embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Door sensors may be controlled via wired and wireless means. For ease of installation of the sensor, a single unit rather than a two-piece design may be preferred. However, according to traditional approaches, a single unit plunger design may have a number of deficiencies. For example, a fixed amount of travel of the contact switch may make it difficult to fit all door gaps, and a minimum gap distance may be required for the mounting flange. Also, with wireless sensors, short battery life and/or wireless range may result from a small battery, in which changing the battery may expose circuitry to possible damage. 
     Traditional approaches often use spacers to adjust plunger travel to door gap width. With wireless sensors, small batteries are often used in order to keep the diameter of mounting hole small. With some traditional approaches, wireless sensors may use a larger battery; however, changing the battery may require removal of the circuitry from the housing. 
     With an aspect of the invention, embodiments support adjustable contact switching as well as facilitating battery replacement that protects the associated circuitry during the replacement. 
     With an aspect of the invention, a sensing device detects when a door opens. The sensing device is easy to install and infinitely adjustable for the gaps between the door and the door jamb or lintel. The device may be implemented as a wired or a wireless device, incorporating terminals for connection to a wired system, or a wireless transceiver for connection to a wireless system. For wireless versions, this design allows the circuitry to be protected while replacing the battery. 
       FIG. 1  shows apparatus  100  according to one or more aspects of the embodiments. Apparatus  100  comprises three external components: plunger  101 , sensor housing with external screw adjustment features  102 , and battery compartment door  103 . Moreover, apparatus  100  supports two distinct features: “coin” driver slots  105  and set screw hole  104 , a hole that reaches diagonally from the front surface to the exterior of the sensor near the base of the threaded area. 
     Internally, there are seven additional components: indicator LED  201 , switch actuator  202 , plunger spring  203 , switch  204 , actuator spring  205 , sensor electronics (circuit)  206 , and battery  207  with contacts. With some embodiments, LED  201  may be visible and may be used during pairing with the associated home automation system and to indicate a low battery state LED  201 , switch  204 , and battery  207  are connected to the sensor electronics  206  using ordinary means. 
     Apparatus  100  may secure different types of building barriers to a surrounding frame. For example, building barrier  301 , as shown in in  FIG. 1 , may comprise a door or a window, where the surrounding frame includes a jamb/lintel or head/jamb/sill, respectively. 
       FIG. 2  shows apparatus  500  according to another aspect of the invention. Plunger  501  incorporates a rod that extends past the plunger spring  502  into the sensor to activate a switch  503  mounted on sensor electronics board  504 . 
     While apparatus  100  and apparatus  500  may utilize a wireless sensor, the internal switch  503  can easily be wired to terminals on the exterior of the sensor to provide contact closure as a wired sensor. With wireless operation, the sensor electronics may comprise a micro-controller based system having memory to store computer-executable instructions, an input to sense the switch state, an output to control the LED to indicate status, and a transceiver module supporting a standard radio protocol to provide communication with other devices. 
       FIG. 3  depicts apparatus  600  according to another aspect of the invention that is particularly suited for door jambs that do not provide enough depth to engage the external screw adjustment features of apparatus  100  or  500 . Apparatus  600  comprises fixed holding frame  601  attached to mounting flange  605  with plunger cap  606  attached to plunger body  604  that includes a rod that extends into the sensor interior. Plunger cap  606  is attached to plunger body  604  via screw thread feature  608  that provides the contact adjustment capability. Tension to keep the plunger body extended is provided by plunger spring  603  while cap spring  607  keeps the plunger cap  606  extended. The electronics board  609  contains the sensor electronics, including detection switch  602 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the sensor is installed by drilling a suitably sized hole in the surrounding frame (jamb or lintel) of the door facing the door itself, i.e., not an interior or exterior facing surface. Sensor  102  is then inserted into the surrounding frame, battery end first, until the threads at the front of the sensor meet the surrounding frame. A tool, such as coin  401 , is then placed in coin driver slots  105  to rotate sensor  102  and drive the sensor into the jamb or lintel. The depth to which the sensor is installed is determined by the size of the gap between the door and the jamb or lintel when the door is closed. This may be accomplished by installing the sensor so that the front of the sensor is flush with the jamb or lintel surface and the plunger  101 / 501  is above the surface when the coin is removed. 
     If the plunger does not reach sufficiently high enough to activate the switch when the door  301  or building barrier is closed, the coin tool may be used to incrementally back out the sensor until the plunger engages the building barrier, while the front surface of the sensor does not interfere with the closing of the building barrier. 
     Alternative embodiments may employ mechanisms other than coin driver slots to allow the sensor to be rotated for installation or extraction. Some of these mechanisms may include raised parallel surfaces similar to bolt heads or depressed features other than slots that allow purchase for a driving implement to be inserted. 
     If it is determined that the sensor is “loose” in the hole and may rotate under repeated door openings and closings, a small “set” screw can be screwed into the wood around the sensor via set screw hole  104  to keep the sensor from rotating. If the cover/support frame gap allows, an alternate rotation limiting mechanism may be a “nut” that the sensor may be inserted into to engage the screw threads of the sensor body and secure the sensor against the support frame. Other standard screw thread based rotation limiting mechanisms may be applied to the sensor housing. 
     For battery replacement, the sensor is unscrewed from the support frame until the threads are no longer engaged, after which the sensor is removed from the hole, providing access to the battery compartment door. Removal of the door allows the battery to be replaced without disturbing the internal electronics of the sensor. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , when properly installed, the closing of the door will cause the following sequence of events. Plunger  101  overcomes the force of plunger spring  203  and contact switch actuator  202 , pushing the actuator away from switch  204  by overcoming the force of actuator spring  205 . Sensor electronics  206  detects the switch change and performs whatever tasks are associated with a switch change indicating a closing door. 
     When opening a door, actuator spring  205  is forceful enough to push switch actuator  202  and plunger  101  out such that switch  204  becomes depressed. Sensor electronics  206  detects the switch closure and performs the tasks associated with a switch change indicating an opening door. While actuator  202  will stop traveling, plunger spring  203  will continue to drive plunger  101  forward to keep dust and moisture intrusion from the front opening to a minimum. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , plunger  501  incorporates rod  505  that depresses switch  503  as it travels over the switch. Plunger spring  502  ensures that when in the “door open” position, plunger rod  505  is not depressing switch  503 . 
     With both apparatus  100  and apparatus  500 , plunger  101 / 501  is designed to depress beyond the front surface of sensor housing  102  to allow the use of coin  401  as a tool for rotating the sensor during installation. 
     For a wired sensor, the wires from the monitoring system would be attached to the terminals on the exterior of the sensor before the sensor is inserted into the hole. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , apparatus  600  provides an alternate embodiment using a screw adjustment mechanism internal to the sensor. The plunger cap  606  is rotated clockwise relative to the sensor body  601  until it is as short as possible. Similar to apparatus  100  and  500 , a suitable hole is drilled into the door jamb or lintel and the sensor inserted battery end first. The sensor is then attached to the door jamb or lintel by screwing mounting flange  605  to the door jamb or lintel. 
     Similar to apparatus  500 , in order to detect whether an associated door or window is opened or closed, mechanical switch  602  is triggered when rod  612  of plunger body  604  is pushed by the door contacting plunger cap  606  and travels enough to depress switch  602 . In apparatus  600 , if switch  602  is not activated when the door is closed, plunger cap  606  is rotated counter-clockwise, extending the cap relative to plunger body  604  due to screw adjustment feature  608  until the switch  602  is activated when the door is closed. A lip at the base of plunger cap  606  prevents the cap from becoming separated from plunger body  604 . 
     To aid battery replacement for wireless versions of the invention, snap fit features  610  and  611  are provided to allow easy removal and replacement of sensor housing  601  for battery replacement. 
     To detect tampering of sensor  600  after it has been installed, a Tamper Actuator  610  is incorporated into Sensor Housing  601  to actuate internal tamper switch  611  when the sensor is installed in the support frame of the opening. Should the sensor be removed from the support frame, the sides of the hole in the support frame would no longer press on tamper actuator  610 , causing as state change in tamper switch  611  that is detected by the sensor electronics in circuit  609 . 
     The tamper mechanism can also be applied to sensors  100  and  500  with appropriate adjustments for mounting of the tamper switch on the corresponding circuit boards. 
     With some embodiments, apparatus  100 ,  500 , and  600  may comprise a magnetic reed switch and magnet rather than a mechanical switch and push structure, respectively. 
     Should circumstances warrant, such as not enough depth in the jamb or lintel of the surrounding frame to accommodate the length of the sensor, the sensor can also be installed in the building entry barrier such that the plunger mechanism engages and disengages the surrounding frame. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1-2 , embodiments may support a hole in either the surrounding frame or the building barrier for mounting the sensor. When the hole is located in the surrounding frame (e.g., jamb/lintel/head/sill), the plunger of the sensor engages/disengages the building barrier (e.g., door/window). When the hole is located in the building barrier, the plunger engages/disengages the surrounding frame. The hole either in the surrounding frame or the building barrier may provide purchase for the threads of the sensor, where the hole offers a mating surface for the threads. With some embodiments, the hole is machined in the material (e.g., wood) of the surrounding frame or building barrier so that the hole&#39;s surface provides the purchase for the sensor threads. With some embodiments, a sleeve may be inserted into the hole in order to provide purchase for the threads. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , apparatus  206  shows a circuit supporting sensor electronics as shown in  FIG. 1 . Apparatus  206  comprises processing device  401 , detector  402 , output interface  403 , transceiver  404 , power conditioning device  405 , and memory device  406 . Moreover, electronic board  504  (shown in  FIG. 2 ) and electronic board  609  (shown in  FIG. 3 ) may include similar circuitry as apparatus  206 . 
     Embodiments of the disclosure may include forms of computer-readable media that may be stored in memory device  406 . Computer-readable media include any available media that can be accessed and executed by processing device  401 . Computer-readable media may comprise storage media and communication media and in some examples may be non-transitory. Storage media include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, object code, data structures, program modules, or other data. Communication media include any information delivery media and typically embody data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism. 
     Apparatus  206  is electrically connected to switch  204 . For example, wires, a flexible printed circuit board, or connector posts may provide electrical connectivity. Detector  402  detects the current state of switch  204 , where switch  204  is either in an opened state or closed state. The current switch status is then provided from detector  402  to processing device  401  to process the current switch status to determine state information. Processing device  401  then sends the state information to a monitoring entity (not explicitly shown) over communication channel  451  via transceiver  404 . Moreover, transceiver  404  may support a standard radio protocol or proprietary radio protocol, and may communication with another radio entity (e.g., a security monitoring center not explicitly shown). 
     Apparatus  206  may execute logic (e.g., one or more modules stored in memory device  406  and executed by processing device  401 ) to process the current switch status. A first set of logic may use the switch status to determine the position of the plunger and therefore the state of the opening cover as being in the closed or opened position, 
     Processing device  401  may also execute a second set of logic (corresponding to a tamper detection mechanism) to detect whether sensor device  100  is/has been altered (for example, removed) with respect to surrounding frame. The input to the logic may comprise of the tamper switch  610  for sensor removal, or a rotation detection mechanism (not shown) which uses one or more switches affected by rotational orientation. Should the sensor be rotated to effect removal, the rotation detection mechanism would produce a series of state changes over a period of time that may be monitored by processing device  401  to detect the rotation and therefore possible tampering of the device. 
     Processing device  401  may also execute a third set of logic to monitor the voltage and/or current of the battery power source to determine when replacement of the battery will be required. Such logic may be affected by the battery chemistry, or expected or historical operating behavior of the sensor. 
     Power conditioning device  405  conditions the electrical power characteristics from a power source (e.g., battery  207  as shown in  FIG. 1 ) to be compatible with the required electrical characteristics of processing device  401 , detector  402 , output interface  403 , transceiver  404 , and memory device  406 . 
     The foregoing presents a simplified summary of the disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Although not required, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various aspects described herein may be embodied as a method, an apparatus, or as a computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions (e.g., to control a plunger apparatus). 
     Aspects of the method steps disclosed herein, for example, may be executed on a processor on a computing device  401 . Such a processor may execute computer-executable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. For example, memory device  406  may comprise a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., a CD-ROM, RAM, hard drive, flash memory, etc.) that stores instructions to cause a processor to perform methods in accordance with aspects of the disclosure is contemplated. As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, a specialized computer system with an associated computer-readable medium containing instructions for controlling the computer system can be utilized to implement the exemplary embodiments that are disclosed herein. The computer system may include at least one computer such as a microprocessor, digital signal processor, and associated peripheral electronic circuitry. Accordingly, those aspects may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. 
     With some embodiments, circuits  206 ,  504 , and/or  609  may be implemented as one or more processing devices providing non-sequential and/or parallel processing such as programmable logic devices (PLDs) or application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or other integrated circuits having instructions or logical processing for performing operations as described in connection with one or more of any of the embodiments described herein. Said instructions may be software and/or firmware instructions stored in a machine-readable medium and/or may be hard-coded as a series of logic gates and/or state machine circuits in one or more integrated circuits and/or in one or more integrated circuits in combination with other circuit elements. 
     Aspects of the invention have been described in terms of illustrative embodiments thereof. Numerous other embodiments, modifications and variations within the scope and spirit of the disclosed invention will occur to persons of ordinary skill in the art from a review of this entire disclosure. For example, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the steps illustrated in the illustrative figures may be performed in other than the recited order, and that one or more steps illustrated may be optional in accordance with aspects of the disclosure. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.