Abstract:
A method of regulating the temperature of the coolant circuit in an internal combustion engine is described, using an electrically operated coolant pump whose speed regulates or controls the cooling capacity. A great excess of heat can be dissipated and rapid heating of the internal combustion engine can be achieved by using an additional bypass line having corresponding thermostatic valves.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a method of regulating the temperature of a coolant in an internal combustion engine which is connected to a radiator by at least one forward and return line and to a coolant pump. 
     BACKGROUND INFORMATION 
     Methods and equipment for cooling the coolant in an internal combustion engine are already known in principle. For example, German Patent No. 37 05 232 describes a method of regulating the temperature of the coolant where a sensor operates a motor actuator as a function of individual engine map characteristics, e.g., rpm and/or engine load, to open or close a bypass valve or the like to achieve a predetermined temperature in the engine coolant circuit. To control the motor actuator, the sensor is heated by a heating device according to the given characteristic data, so it can deliver a suitable signal to the motor actuator. Such a device seems relatively expensive in terms of energy required, because the drive motor for the coolant pump runs constantly, regardless of whether a small amount of waste heat needs to be removed when the internal combustion engine is idling or a large amount when the engine is running. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The method according to the present invention for regulating the temperature of a coolant in an internal combustion engine, however, has the advantage that the speed of the coolant pump is itself regulated or controlled so that its speed corresponds only to the heat to be dissipated. 
     It is especially advantageous for the speed control to be determined from the temperature difference between the setpoint and the instantaneous temperature of the internal combustion engine, because significant operating states of the engine are detected in this temperature difference. 
     By preselecting the setpoint temperature as a function of time, the warmup phase of the engine can be controlled easily in an advantageous manner. 
     It seems especially advantageous to select the setpoint temperature on the basis of a time table, because an especially easy adjustment to different types of engines and their coolant circuits is possible in this way. 
     The control signal for the coolant pump can be regulated especially easily and advantageously by using a PID controller. 
     Another advantage is that in addition to controlling the coolant pump, other valves such as the thermostatic valve, the heating valve or an engine fan can also be controlled to optimize the cooling capacity. This additional influence on the coolant circuit can be used either to make the engine warm up more quickly in the cold start phase or to remove excess heat more rapidly at a high load and when the engine is turned off. This reduces exhaust emissions and prevents overheating of the engine. 
     It also seems advantageous that a suitable display appears when the engine temperature is exceeded, allowing the driver to react appropriately and thus prevent damage. 
     It is also advantageous that the parameters are linked in stages in the manner of fuzzy logic to guarantee optimal temperature conditions for the internal combustion engine. 
     By linking the various parameters such as rpm, engine load, vehicle speed and intake temperature or outside temperature, it is possible to form a control signal for the coolant pump which takes into account all the operating conditions that occur. 
    
    
     GRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a coolant circuit of an internal combustion engine. 
     FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the temperature control. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the schematic diagram of the coolant circuit in FIG. 1, internal combustion engine  1  is connected to a radiator  4  via an electrically operated coolant pump M and a thermostatic valve  2  by a forward line  7 . At a suitable location, a forward sensor  6   a  for detecting the forward temperature is installed on the forward line  7 . In addition, the instantaneous temperature of internal combustion engine  1  is measured with a temperature sensor  6 . A return line  8  connects radiator  4  to the coolant circuit of internal combustion engine  1  via a heating valve  3 . Heating valve  3  is also connected to heater  5  of the passenger compartment. Likewise, thermostatic valve  2  is connected to return line  8  through another valve and bypass line  9 . For the sake of thoroughness, it should also be pointed out that the radiator is thermally connected to one or more engine fans  10 , where engine fan  10  may be designed for multiple speeds. According to FIG. 1, valves  2 ,  3  are designed as 3-way valves. 
     The functioning of this arrangement is explained in greater detail below on the basis of the block diagram in FIG.  2 . Item  11  is a setpoint generator for the engine temperature, which is preselected as a function of time or in the form of a table, for example. The instantaneous engine temperature measured with temperature sensor  6  is processed in a suitable manner in block  12  and sent to summing unit  14 . The differential signal between setpoint generator  11  and block  12  forms a correction quantity for the control signal for coolant pump M in block  13 . Then the PID controller signal of block  13  is added up in summing unit  15 , taking into account other parameters supplied by block  16  for control of the coolant pump. The other parameters include, for example, values for the engine rpm, the instantaneous engine load of the internal combustion engine, vehicle speed, intake temperature or outside temperature, the engine temperature itself and/or the on-board voltage. This is represented symbolically by the parallel arrows at block  16 . After linking the signals to the PID controller signal, the control signal for coolant pump M is formed in block  15 . Depending on this value, coolant pump M runs at a corresponding speed, thus causing a corresponding change in rate of coolant flow in forward line  7  and/or return line  8 . If this control algorithm is not sufficient to adjust the setpoint temperature for the engine, thermostatic valve  2  or multiple-speed engine fan  10  is controlled or a warning display on the dashboard is activated in block  17  after a suitable analysis of the instantaneous engine temperature (block  12 ) and the control signal for the coolant pump. These elements are represented symbolically by the parallel output arrows of block  17 . 
     Since special functions for control of coolant pump M may be needed for maintenance jobs or in the workshop, a device is provided in block  18  to allow a separate drive for coolant pump M. This block  18  therefore contains suitable devices, e.g., for connecting a workshop tester which drives coolant pump M in filling and venting the cooling system. As an alternative, the internal combustion engine can also be warmed up over this line by using an auxiliary heater (not shown in the figure). Furthermore, operation of coolant pump M to prevent overheating after turning off a hot internal combustion engine  1  can also be controlled over this line. 
     The blocks shown in FIG. 2 are designed as known components (e.g., PID controllers, temperature sensors, etc.). The simplest linkage is through an appropriate program. 
     Rules for adjusting the cooling capacity can be taken from Tables 1 and 2. For example, if engine temperature tmot is &gt;85° C. according to Table 1, and if the forward temperature of coolant pump tvkmp is &gt;90%, then thermostatic valve  2  is operated, for example, to coolant over forward line  7  to radiator  4  and then return it over return line  8 . If there is a further increase in engine temperature tmot, and if it is &gt;95° C. at the same relative capacity of coolant pump M, then fan speed  1  is activated. Then when the engine temperature rises further to more than 100° C., fan speed  2  is activated. When the temperature of the internal combustion engine increases further to above 110° C., the “overheating” warning is displayed on the dashboard. 
     Table 2 shows as an example the measures taken to reduce the cooling capacity. If engine temperature tmot is &lt;105° C. and the cooling capacity is &lt;80%, then the “overheating” warning is deactivated. Accordingly, when the engine temperature is &lt;97° C. and the cooling capacity is &lt;80% or &lt;60%, fan speeds  2  and  1 , respectively, are turned off. If the temperature drops further, e.g., tmot &lt;83° C. and a cooling capacity &lt;40%, valve  2  is switched so that radiator  4  is turned off and bypass line  9  handles the return flow to internal combustion engine  1 . Thermostatic valve  2  also closes at temperatures &lt;75° C., so the engine heats up rapidly according to the given temperature curve. Rapid heating of internal combustion engine  1  has the advantage that the noxious exhaust during the warmup phase can be reduced as rapidly as possible. 
     Since commercially available electronic components (ICs) are often used for control operations, a further embodiment of the present invention provides for this control to be established according to the principles of fuzzy logic. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 The following measures can be taken to increase 
               
               
                 cooling capacity: 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 tmot &gt; 85° C. 
                   
                 &amp; tvkmp &gt; 90% 
                   
                 then thermostatic valve 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 open 
               
               
                 tmot &gt; 95° C. 
                   
                 &amp; tvkmp &gt; 90% 
                   
                 then fan speed 1 on 
               
               
                 tmot &gt; 100° C. 
                 &amp; 
                 tvkmp &gt; 90% 
                 then 
                 fan speed 2 on 
               
               
                 tmot &gt; 110° C. 
                 &amp; 
                 tvkmp &gt; 90% 
                 then 
                 “overheating” warning 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 on 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 The following measures can be taken 
               
               
                 to reduce cooling capacity: 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 tmot &lt; 105° C. 
                 &amp; 
                 tvkmp &gt; 80% 
                 then 
                 “overheating” warning 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Off 
               
             
          
           
               
                 tmot &lt; 97° C. 
                   
                 &amp; tvkmp &lt; 80% 
                   
                 then fan speed 2 off 
               
               
                 tmot &lt; 97° C. 
                   
                 &amp; tvkmp &lt; 60% 
                   
                 then fan speed 1 off 
               
               
                 tmot &lt; 83° C. 
                   
                 &amp; tvkmp &lt; 40% 
                   
                 then thermostatic valve 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 closed 
               
               
                 tmot &lt; 75° C. 
                   
                   
                   
                 then thermostatic valve 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 closed