Abstract:
The invention relates to a lubricant distributor ( 1 ), in particular for use in central lubricating systems for machines, vehicles, construction machines, or agricultural machines, for conveying and distributing lubricant from a lubricant source to predetermined lubricant discharge points by means of one or more lines,comprising a main distributor ( 2 ). The lubricant distributor is characterized in that the lubricant distributor comprises at least one line-break monitor ( 3 ) for detecting a pressure drop in at least one line, and in that the at least one line-break monitor ( 3 ) is structurally arranged in or on the main distributor ( 2 ) in order to create a rigid unit comprising the main distributor ( 2 ) and the line-break monitor ( 3 ).

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE to RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. 371 of International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/EP2009/064765, entitled “LUBRICANT DISTRIBUTOR”, filed Nov. 6, 2009, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     SUMMARY 
     The invention relates to a lubricant distributor, in particular for use in central lubrication systems for machines, vehicles, construction or agricultural machines for conveying and distributing lubricant from a lubricant source via one or more lines to predefined lubricant supply points, in accordance with the preamble of claim  1 . 
     In central lubrication systems, the problem frequently occurs that the fracture of a line can often be determined or localized with difficulty on account of a widely ramified line network. In central lubrication systems which have one or more progressive distributors, there is the problem, moreover, that, in the case of a line rupture downstream of the progressive distributor, the progressive (gradual) actuation of the metering plungers is interrupted as a result of the pressure drop in the ruptured line, with the result that backing up of lubricant is produced, and in any case the further lines which emanate from the progressive distributor are no longer supplied with lubricant and serious consequential damage can thus occur. 
     Backing up of lubricant, as described above, is often the result of a line rupture if a progressive distributor or a similar arrangement is connected in between. The interruption of the lubricant feed to a lubricating point can have serious consequences, in particular if machine parts to be lubricated “jam into one another”, for example in agricultural machines, as a result of which considerable damage can occur on the entire machine, which damage can also be associated with considerable risks for the operator of the machine. 
     DE 103 18 671 has disclosed a central lubrication system having a lubricant distributor of the type which is addressed here. Furthermore, said document discloses using line rupture monitors in order to detect a line rupture, which line rupture monitors are configured as pressure sensors and are arranged in associated lines. However, this solution for monitoring line ruptures has the disadvantage that it is associated with high costs and can be realized only with relatively high outlay. 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a line monitoring means in a central lubrication system, which line monitoring means can be realized particularly simply and inexpensively. 
     In order to achieve this object, a lubricant distributor having the features of claim  1  is proposed, which lubricant distributor serves, in particular, for use in central lubrication systems for machines, vehicles, construction or agricultural machines for conveying and distributing lubricant from a lubricant source via one or more lines to predefined lubricant supply points. The lubricant distributor has a basic distributor and is distinguished by the fact that it has at least one line rupture monitor for the detection of a pressure drop in at least one associated line, the line rupture monitor being arranged structurally in or on the basic distributor, in order to provide a rigid unit comprising the basic distributor and the line rupture monitor. This arrangement has the advantage that the line rupture monitor can be realized particularly simply and inexpensively by the line rupture monitor being arranged simply structurally in or on the basic distributor and thus forming a compact unit. Moreover, the lubricant distributor according to the present invention can be used in a particularly flexible manner. The line rupture monitor can be connected in one piece to the basic distributor. However, it is preferably provided that the line rupture monitor can be connected releasably to the basic distributor. 
     A lubricant distributor, in particular a progressive distributor, is particularly preferred which is distinguished by the fact that the at least one line rupture monitor comprises one or more line rupture monitor modules. Furthermore, one or more line rupture monitor modules can preferably be added, removed or exchanged, with the result that the line rupture monitor can be used in a very flexible manner and, in particular, can interact with virtually every basic distributor. Moreover, as a result of the advantageous modular construction, the line rupture monitor can have any desired number of line rupture monitor modules, it being possible for the line rupture monitor to be changed at any time and, as a result, to be adapted, for example, to other basic distributors. The line rupture monitor modules are preferably of disk-shaped configuration, the width and/or length of a line rupture monitor module therefore substantially exceeding its thickness. In this way, they are particularly satisfactorily suitable for use with basic distributors of modular configuration. Moreover, the disk-shaped construction of a line rupture monitor module is advantageous, since the outlets of the basic distributor, with which the line rupture monitor modules preferably interact, are at only a limited spacing from one another. 
     Furthermore, a lubricant distributor is preferred, in which a line rupture monitor has one or more line rupture monitor modules, of which at least one is an empty module. In this way, functional line rupture monitor modules, that is to say not empty modules, can monitor particularly important lubricating points, whereas less critical lubricating points are not monitored. The corresponding distributor outlets of the basic distributor which are assigned to unimportant lubricating points can then be occupied by corresponding empty modules. 
     Furthermore, a lubricant distributor is preferred which is distinguished by the fact that the line rupture monitor or a line rupture monitor module is operatively connected to a connection element which is assigned to a distributor outlet of the basic distributor. If the line rupture monitor comprises a plurality of line rupture monitor modules, they are preferably all operatively connected to in each case one connection element which are assigned to in each case one defined distributor outlet of the basic distributor. The lubricant distributor can be realized particularly simply by this arrangement. Furthermore, existing basic distributors can be retrofitted simply with a line rupture monitor by way of this embodiment. 
     Finally, another lubricant distributor is preferred, in which a line rupture monitor or a line rupture monitor module comprises a feeler plunger which is mounted movably in a hole. The feeler plunger is preferably spring-mounted in the hole, with the result that the feeler plunger can be displaced in the hole counter to the force of the spring. The position of the feeler plunger in the hole depends otherwise on the fluid pressure in an associated connection element. The feeler plunger preferably interacts by way of suitable means with a detection device which detects a pressure drop in an associated connection element. The detection device preferably has electric and/or optical components. 
     Although the lubricant plunger can be arranged in a branching piece of a lubricant channel, which branching piece is closed at the end side, it is preferred if the feeler plunger is positioned in such a way that it feels the lubricant pressure laterally at a channel, through which lubricant flows, in such a way that a continuous lubricant exchange on the end side of the feeler plunger is ensured. 
     In order to achieve the abovementioned object, a central lubrication system is proposed, moreover, which comprises a lubricant distributor according to the invention. 
     Finally, in order to achieve the abovementioned object, a line rupture monitor is also proposed which can be connected to a lubricant distributor. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the following text, the invention will be explained in greater detail using the drawing, in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows a first perspective illustration of a lubricant distributor according to the invention, 
         FIG. 2  shows a second perspective illustration of the lubricant distributor according to the invention, 
         FIG. 3  shows a cross section through the lubricant distributor, 
         FIG. 3 a    shows an enlarged illustration of a part region of  FIG. 3 , 
         FIG. 4  shows a plan view of the lubricant distributor, 
         FIG. 5  shows a longitudinal section through the lubricant distributor, 
         FIG. 6  shows an exploded illustration of a line rupture monitor according to the invention, and 
         FIG. 7  shows a lubricant distributor system having a plurality of lubricant distributors. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  shows a perspective illustration of a lubricant distributor  1  according to the present invention. The lubricant distributor  1  comprises a basic distributor  2  and a line rupture monitor  3 . The basic distributor  2  can be, for example, a known progressive distributor, but in principle the basic distributor  2  can be of any desired configuration. The basic distributor  2  comprises a plurality of distributor outlets which cannot be seen here and from which a fluid, in particular a lubricant, is conveyed to the lubricating points via corresponding lines which are likewise not shown here. 
     In  FIG. 1 , the basic distributor  2  is of modular configuration merely by way of example, that is to say comprises a plurality of basic distributor modules  4  which are connected to one another via connecting elements  5 , in particular via hexagon socket screws. The configuration of the basic distributor  2  in a variable disk design has the advantage that the basic distributor  2  can be extended or shortened as desired depending on the number of lubricating points to be supplied. Moreover, the basic distributor  2  has a distributor inlet in a starter module  4 ′, in which distributor inlet an inlet element  6  is arranged which receives lubricant from a lubricant source (not shown here). 
     In the exemplary embodiment according to  FIG. 1 , the line rupture monitor  3  which is part of the lubricant distributor  1  comprises a plurality of line rupture monitor modules  7  which are arranged on the basic distributor  2 . However, it is also conceivable in principle to arrange the line rupture monitor  3  in the basic distributor. The line rupture monitor modules  7  are kept together by end pieces, of which a total of three are provided here. The end piece  8   a  serves to connect the two “rows” of line rupture monitor modules  7  which extend on both sides of the basic distributor  2 . The end piece  8   b  delimits a row of a plurality of line rupture monitor modules  7  on the side which lies opposite the end piece  8   a . The end piece  8   c  firstly serves likewise to delimit a row of a plurality of line rupture monitor modules  7  on the side which lies opposite the end piece  8   a , and secondly serves to produce a connection to at least one further line rupture monitor  3  and/or to an evaluation device. In the embodiment according to  FIG. 1 , a total of ten line rupture monitor modules  7  are provided which are connected to one another by means of suitable connecting means. The connection of the individual line rupture monitor modules  7  and the connection of a plurality of line rupture monitors  3  will be described in greater detail in the description with respect to  FIG. 6 . 
     A line rupture monitor module  7  is assigned in each case one connection element  9 , each connection element in turn being assigned to one of the distributor outlets (which cannot be seen here) of the basic distributor. It is preferably provided that each basic distributor module  4  has two distributor outlets which lie opposite one another, with the result that each basic distributor module  4  is therefore assigned two connection elements  9  and two line rupture monitor modules  7 . 
       FIG. 1  also makes it clear that two of the total of ten line rupture monitor modules  7  which are shown are configured as empty modules  10  which, in contrast to the remaining eight line rupture monitor modules  7 , do not have a monitoring function, which therefore cannot detect a line rupture in an associated line and serve as “gap fillers”, in particular for data and/or power transmission, as will also become clear later. 
       FIG. 2  shows a second perspective illustration of the lubricant distributor  1  from another viewing direction. In order to avoid repetitions, identical parts are provided with identical designations, with the result that reference is made to this extent to the description with respect to  FIG. 1 . 
     In  FIG. 2 , once again the basic distributor  2  and the total of ten line rupture monitor modules  7  can be seen. Moreover, the end pieces  8   a ,  8   b  and  8   c  can be seen which delimit the line rupture monitor modules  7  or connect them to one another. Moreover, the connection elements  9  can also be seen which are connected to the line rupture monitor modules  7 . 
       FIG. 3  shows a cross section along the sectional line X-X which is shown in  FIG. 4  through a lubricant distributor  1  according to the invention. Identical parts are provided with identical designations, with the result that reference is made to this extent to the description with respect to the preceding figures, in order to avoid repetitions. 
     In  FIG. 3 , the basic distributor  2  or a basic distributor module  4  can be seen which has holes  11  for receiving the connecting elements  5  which are shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . The basic distributor module  4  has a distributor outlet  12 , in which the connection element  9  is arranged, in order to provide a fluid connection to the lubricating points (not shown here) to be supplied. In the example which is shown here, the connection element  9  can be screwed into the distributor outlet  12 . 
     The line rupture monitor module  7  has a through hole  13  for receiving the connection element  9 . The connection element  9  therefore as it were penetrates the line rupture monitor module  7 , as can otherwise also be seen in  FIG. 2 . The line rupture monitor module  7  can therefore be connected particularly simply to the basic distributor module  4  by the connection element  9  being introduced from a side face  14  of the line rupture monitor module  7  into the through hole  13  and the connection element  9  subsequently being screwed into the distributor outlet  12 . O-rings or the like can be provided in order to seal the line rupture monitor module  7  with respect to the basic distributor module  4 . 
     For the detailed description of the line rupture monitor module  7  which is shown in  FIG. 3 , reference is made to  FIG. 3 a   , in which a detail of  FIG. 3  is shown on an enlarged scale for improved clarity. Identical parts are provided with identical designations, with the result that reference is made to this extent to the description with respect to the preceding figures, in order to avoid repetitions. 
     The line rupture monitor module  7  comprises a feeler plunger  15  which can be displaced in a hole  16  counter to the force of an elastic element, here by way of example counter to the force of a spring  17 . The center axis M of the hole  16  preferably extends in a direction which lies perpendicularly on a plane, in which the upper side  18  of the basic distributor  2  is arranged when the line rupture monitor module  7  is connected to the basic distributor  2 . The feeler plunger  15  has a projection  19  which interacts with a stop element  20  which is arranged in the region of the upper side  21  of the line rupture monitor module  7 . Moreover, the feeler plunger  15  has a further projection  19 ′, on which the spring  17  is supported. The spring  17  therefore bears on one side against the stop element  20  and on the other side against the projection  19 ′ of the feeler plunger  15 , and therefore exerts a force on the feeler plunger  15  in the direction of the connection element  9 . 
     The connection element  9  preferably comprises a nonreturn valve which guides a fluid in the direction of the arrow  22  to the corresponding lubricating point only when there is sufficient pressure in the basic distributor  2  or in the distributor outlet  12 . 
     The hole  16  which receives the feeler plunger  15  is connected fluidically to a fluid chamber  23  of the connection element  9 . The fluid chamber  23  of the connection element  9  is in turn connected fluidically to the distributor outlet  12  of the basic distributor  2 , in order to guide a fluid, in particular a lubricant, out of the basic distributor  2  via a line which is connected to the connection element  9  to the corresponding lubricating points. As said, the connection element  9  preferably comprises a nonreturn valve and has a closure element  26  which can be displaced counter to the force of an elastic element  25 . 
     The closure element  26  opens a fluid connection to the fluid chamber  23  of the connection element  9  only when the fluid pressure of the lubricant reaches a predefined magnitude in the distributor outlet  12 . Nonreturn valves of this type are described many times in the prior art, with the result that further details will not be given here. The fluid which thereupon passes into the fluid chamber  23  can then pass via an opening  27  in the wall of the connection element  9  into a hole section  28 , where it exerts a force on a connection-side end side  29  of the feeler plunger  15 . The feeler plunger  15  is sealed with respect to the hole  16  by means of suitable sealing elements, with the result that no fluid can pass out of the hole section  28  into the hole  16 . Furthermore, a relief hole  30  is provided in the line rupture monitor module  7 , which relief hole  30  is connected on one side to the hole section  28  and on the other side to a fluid chamber  23 ′ and thus allows the lubricant to flow out of the hole section  28  back into the connection element  9 . The connection element  9  is preferably configured in such a way that it does not produce a direct connection between the valve outlet  12  and a line which is connected to the connection element  9 . Rather, the fluid is guided out of the fluid chamber  23  via the hole section  28  and the relief hole  30  which together as it were form a bypass fluid path, back into the fluid chamber  23 ′ of the connection element  9 . The fluid is therefore preferably diverted completely via the bypass fluid path. To this end, the connection element  9  either has two blind bores which, starting from both end sides, are made in the connection element and form the fluid chambers  23  and  23 ′, or the connection element  9  is provided with a through hole, in which a closure plug is arranged between the connection element-side openings of the hole section  28  and the relief hole  30 . However, it is also conceivable to guide the fluid merely in parallel via the hole section  28  and the relief hole  30 . A fluid flow then flows additionally through the connection element  9  which forms a second fluid path in this case. It goes without saying that the position and the dimension of the opening  27  in the wall of the connection element  9  and of the hole element  28  have to be adapted to one another in such a way that a fluid connection between said two elements is ensured when the line rupture monitor module is fastened to the basic distributor  2 . 
       FIGS. 3 and 3   a  show the feeler plunger  15  in a “normal position”, that is to say the lubricant in the connection element  9  has a normal pressure which pushes the feeler plunger  15  counter to the force of the spring  17  into a first functional position, in which the feeler plunger preferably bears against the projection  19  of the stop element  20 . Here, “normal pressure” is to be understood to mean the pressure which prevails in the central lubrication system in the disruption-free state. 
       FIG. 3 a    also makes it clear that the line rupture monitor module  7  has a detection device  31  which indicates a pressure drop in the connection element  9  or in the associated line. To this end, the detection device  31  detects the axial position of the feeler plunger  15  in the hole  16  in relation to the center axis M. In order to detect the position of the feeler plunger  15 , the latter has a radial element  32  which extends in the radial direction of the feeler plunger  15 , that is to say perpendicularly with respect to the center axis M, into a cavity  33  of the line rupture monitor module  7 , which cavity  33  is connected to the hole  16 . As shown in  FIG. 3 a   , for example, the radial element  32  can be mounted in a radial hole which is made in the feeler plunger  15 . However, it is also conceivable to adhesively bond, to screw, or the like, the radial element  32  to the feeler plunger  15 . The radial element  32  can also be formed in one piece with the feeler plunger  15 . The cavity  33  is accessible from the outside, in particular for maintenance purposes, a closure  24  being provided which closes the cavity  33  during operation of the line rupture monitor module  7 . 
     In the “normal position” of the feeler plunger  15 , the radial element  32  bears against a contact element K which can be configured, for example, as an electric switch or the like and is connected to a corresponding board  34 . The board can be provided, for example, with an electric circuit which makes it possible to detect contact of the radial element  32  and the contact element K, for example by closing of an electric circuit, and to indicate it to an operator. Correspondingly, the detection device  31  can detect when the radial element  32  does not make contact with the contact element K, that is to say the feeler plunger  15  is situated in a second functional position. 
     The second functional position is assumed in the case of a displacement of the feeler plunger  15  in the hole along the center axis M in the direction of the arrow  35 . The feeler plunger  15  is displaced in the hole  16  in the direction of the connection element  9 , in particular, when the force of the spring  17  exceeds the fluid pressure which is exerted on the end side  29  of the feeler plunger  15 . This can be the case, for example, when an associated line is ruptured and the relevant line therefore supplies less fluid or no longer supplies fluid to the lubricating point. The pressure which is necessary in the connection element  9  for the “normal position” of the feeler plunger  15  can be set by the spring force of the spring  17 . In this second functional position of the feeler plunger  15 , the radial element  32  is no longer in contact with the contact element K, which can be detected by the detection device  31 , for example by a circuit being opened or a light barrier being interrupted. 
     Here, the detection device  31  is realized purely by way of example by an electric circuit. However, it is also conceivable to detect the position of the feeler plunger  15  and/or of the radial element  32  by means of a laser, in particular a laser barrier with corresponding mirror faces or the like. It is critical that the detection device  31  can detect a first and a second functional position of the feeler plunger  15 , the second functional position indicating a pressure drop in the associated line. The detection device  31  can preferably also generate a corresponding signal which can be indicated to an operator. 
     In  FIG. 3 a   , two holes  36  can also be seen which serve to receive connecting elements, as will also become clear in the description with respect to  FIG. 6 , in order to connect a plurality of line rupture monitor modules  7  to one another. 
       FIG. 4  shows a plan view of a lubricant distributor  1  according to the invention. Identical parts are provided with identical designations, with the result that reference is made to this extent to the description with respect to the preceding figures, in order to avoid repetitions. 
       FIG. 4  once again makes it clear that the lubricant distributor  1  comprises a plurality of line rupture monitor modules  7  which can also be configured as empty modules  10 . The line rupture monitor modules  7  and  10  are preferably arranged next to one another and are in contact with one another. In the present exemplary embodiment of a line rupture monitor  3 , a total of three elements are provided which form the end pieces  8   a ,  8   b  and  8   c  of the line rupture monitor  3 . 
     It becomes clear that each distributor outlet  12  is preferably assigned a line rupture monitor module  7 . However, the associated line rupture monitor modules  7  can also be configured as empty modules which therefore merely serve as gap fillers between two line rupture monitor modules  7 , with the result that the empty modules  10  at least cannot indicate a line rupture. 
     It goes without saying that the line rupture monitor  3  does not have to consist of individual line rupture monitor modules  7 , but rather it is also conceivable that the line rupture monitor  3  is configured in one piece, that is to say the line rupture monitor modules  7  are not exchangeable, but rather are connected to one another nonreleasably. The line rupture monitor modules are preferably of disk-shaped configuration, the width of a line rupture monitor module preferably corresponding to the width of a basic distributor module  4 . 
     Each line rupture monitor module  7  preferably has a detection device  31 . It is particularly advantageous if the empty modules  10  have corresponding means, in order to produce an electric and/or optical connection between individual functioning line rupture monitor modules  7  with respect to one another. 
       FIG. 5  shows a longitudinal section through the lubricant distributor  1  according to the invention along the sectional line Z-Z which is shown in  FIG. 4 . Identical parts are provided with identical designations, with the result that reference is made to this extent to the description with respect to the preceding figures, in order to avoid repetitions. 
       FIG. 5  makes it particularly clear that each basic distributor module  4  is preferably assigned two line rupture monitor modules  7 ; the line rupture monitor modules  7  can also be empty modules  10 . It is conceivable, for example, to assign a functional line rupture monitor module  7  only to those distributor outlets  12  of a basic distributor  2  which supply particularly important lubricating points with lubricant. It can also be provided, for example, that one or more basic distributor modules  4  are configured as it were as empty modules  4  which are therefore not assigned to any lubricating point and also do not have a corresponding connection element. Otherwise,  FIG. 5  also shows the connecting element  5  which connects the individual basic distributor modules  4  to one another. 
     It goes without saying that the modular configuration of the basic distributor  2  here is exemplary. It goes without saying that it is conceivable to configure the basic distributor  2  in one piece, that is to say to connect the basic distributor modules  4  to one another nonreleasably. The line rupture monitor  3  likewise does not have to consist of individual exchangeable line rupture monitor modules  7 , but can likewise be configured in one piece. The line rupture monitor  3  can then be placed as it were as an entirety onto the basic distributor  2 . Finally, it can also be provided that the line rupture monitor  3  is configured in one piece with the basic distributor  2 . 
     The individual detection devices  31  which are provided in each line rupture monitor module  7  can be seen particularly clearly in  FIG. 5 . If the detection devices  31  have electric means, the empty modules  10  preferably also comprise corresponding boards with conductor tracks, with the result that signals which are generated by a detection device  31  can be forwarded from one line rupture monitor module  7  to the adjacent line rupture monitor module, for example via a bus. To this end, the individual line rupture monitor modules can have, for example, plug connections or the like. However, the signal transmission between the individual line rupture monitor modules can also take place optically. In this way, all the line rupture monitor modules  7  of a line rupture monitor  3  can be connected, in particular via a connection piece  37  which is provided on the end piece  8   c , to a suitable evaluation device which, for example, carries out the evaluation of the signals which are generated by the detection devices  31 . As has been said, the detection devices  31  can also be connected to a common bus, with the result that it can be detected exactly which line rupture monitor module  7  reports a line rupture. To this end, each line rupture monitor module  7  preferably has an address, via which the line rupture monitor module  7  can be actuated. As has already been explained above, it is also conceivable to embody the position detection device  31  optically. To this end, for example, a light barrier and suitable mirror faces can be provided in the individual line rupture monitor modules  7 , which light barrier triggers a corresponding signal in the event of a displacement of the feeler plunger  15 , which signal indicates to the operator that a pressure drop is to be observed in the corresponding distributor outlet  12 , which pressure drop can be caused by a line rupture, for example. 
       FIG. 6  shows an exploded illustration of a line rupture monitor  3  according to the invention. Identical parts are provided with identical designations, with the result that reference is made to this extent to the description with respect to the preceding figures, in order to avoid repetitions. 
     The line rupture monitor  3  in accordance with the illustration according to  FIG. 6  has a total of four functional line rupture monitor modules  7 ; functional is to be understood as meaning that said line rupture monitors  7  can actually detect a line rupture in the associated lines and/or a pressure drop in the connection element  9 , that is to say have a detection device  31 . Furthermore, an empty module  10  is provided which essentially serves to close a gap between two functional line rupture monitor modules and to produce a signal transmission path or a communications link between them. To this end, an empty module can be configured for cable routing and/or can have dedicated electric or optical means for data and/or power transmission. It becomes clear that the line rupture monitor  3  has two rows of line rupture monitor modules  7  which are arranged substantially in parallel to one another, it being possible for the number of line rupture monitor modules  7  to be different in each row, as is the case in the embodiment according to  FIG. 6 . 
     In order to connect in each case two adjacent line rupture monitor modules  7  to one another electrically or optically, corresponding connecting means are preferably provided which are configured in  FIG. 6  by way of example as plug connectors S which can be arranged in correspondingly configured receptacles in the adjacent line rupture monitor module  7 . 
     Furthermore, the individual line rupture monitor modules  7  and  10  are preferably connected to one another by means of three end pieces  8   a ,  8   b  and  8   c , it being possible to choose between the end pieces  8   b  and  8   b ′. The end piece  8   a  connects both rows of the line rupture monitor modules  7  to one another and therefore produces as it were a serial connection between them. The end pieces  8   b ′ and  8   c  have connection pieces  37 , the connection pieces serving to connect the line rupture monitor  3  to a power source or a computer unit or the like. In principle, it is sufficient if one of the end pieces has a connection piece  37 , with the result that, for example, the end piece  8   b ′ can be replaced by the end piece  8   b  which does not have a connection piece  37 . It goes without saying that it is also conceivable that each line rupture monitor module  7  is actuated separately. 
     All the line rupture monitor modules  7  are connected to one another via connecting means  38 , in particular via screws, which are preferably fastened to one of the end pieces and interact with the corresponding holes  36  of the line rupture monitor modules  7 .  FIG. 6  makes it clear that as many line rupture monitor modules  7  and empty pieces  10  as desired can be connected to one another in any desired combination. Merely the connecting means  38  have to have their length adapted accordingly to the number of line rupture monitor modules  7  which are provided. All the electrically and/or optically configured detection devices  31  are preferably likewise connected to one another via suitable connecting means and are connected via connection pieces  37  either to one or more other line rupture monitors and/or to an evaluation device, a display device, a power supply device, for example a voltage source, and the like. To this end, at least one of the end pieces  8   a ,  8   b  or  8   b ′ or  8   c  preferably has a connection piece  37 . The end pieces can serve for cable routing and/or have other means for data and/or power transmission. 
     The individual line rupture monitors  7  and/or their detection devices  31  can also be connected to one another via a common data bus. Via the common bus, the line rupture monitor modules  7  can send, in particular, information items which indicate the state of the associated line. Furthermore, each line rupture monitor  7  can be allocated an address, with the result that each signal which is sent via the bus can be assigned uniquely to a defined line rupture monitor  7 . If a line rupture monitor module  7  detects a line rupture and/or a pressure drop, the fault signal which is sent thereupon can be assigned by an evaluation device uniquely to a defined line rupture monitor  7  and the associated line, with the result that the operator knows immediately which line is affected. 
     Various counterbalance valves  39   a ,  39   b  and  39   c  can be provided for connection to the connection elements  9 . For example, one counterbalance valve  39   a  can be of straight configuration. The use of a rotatable counterbalance valve  39   b  or of a pivotable counterbalance valve  39   c  is also conceivable. The rotatably or pivotably configured counterbalance valves  39   b  and  39   c  are particularly advantageous because, as a result, even poorly accessible lubricating points can be supplied with lubricant. Counterbalance valves of this type are known from the prior art, with the result that they are not to be described in greater detail here. It is critical merely that a connection element  9  does not have to be connected directly to an associated line, but rather can also be connected to a counterbalance valve which in turn is connected to an associated line. 
       FIG. 7  shows a perspective illustration of a lubricant distributor system having a plurality of lubricant distributors which are connected to one another. Identical parts are provided with identical designations, with the result that reference is made to this extent to the description with respect to the preceding figures. 
     In  FIG. 7 , a total of three lubricant distributors  1 ,  1 ′ and  1 ″ are provided by way of example which are connected to one another via lines  40  and  40 ′. Here, each lubricant distributor  1 ,  1 ′,  1 ″ has a line rupture monitor  3 ,  3 ′,  3 ″ and a basic distributor  2 ,  2 ′,  2 ″. Each of the lubricant distributors  1 ,  1 ′ and  1 ″ is of different construction, that is to say each lubricant distributor has line rupture monitors  3 ,  3 ′ and  3 ″ and basic distributors  2 ,  2 ′ and  2 ″ of different configuration. 
     The advantageous modular construction both of the basic distributor  2  and of the line rupture monitor  3  can be seen clearly in  FIG. 7 . As a result of the modular construction of a lubricant distributor  1 ,  1 ′,  1 ″, the latter can supply as many lubricating points as desired, namely by virtue of the fact that any desired number of basic distributor modules  4  and line rupture monitor modules  7  can be provided and they can be combined in any desired manner. As a result of the advantageous modular construction of the line rupture monitor  3 ,  3 ′ and  3 ″ by joining the line rupture monitor modules  7  and  10  together in any desired manner, it is possible in an advantageous way, moreover, to provide each basic distributor  2  with as many line rupture monitor modules  7  as desired. It is also possible here, as shown in the lubricant distributor  1 ″, that individual basic distributor modules  4  are not assigned a line rupture monitor module  7 . 
       FIG. 7  also makes it clear that the end pieces  8   a ,  8   b,    8   b ′ and  8   c  connect in each case two rows of the line rupture monitor modules  7  to one another in series, whereas a connection between individual lubricant distributors  1  or between the line rupture monitor modules  3  of individual lubricant distributors  1  can be produced via connection pieces  37 . A lubricant distributor  1 , such as the lubricant distributor  1 ′, can have, for example, two connection pieces  37 , with the result that it can be connected to two lubricant distributors  1  and  1 ″. If a lubricant distributor, such as the lubricant distributor  1 , is to be connected only to one further lubricant distributor  1 ′, it is sufficient if it has only one connection piece  37  and the other row of the line rupture monitor modules is terminated by way of an end piece  8   b  which does not have a connection piece  37 . 
     As has already been mentioned in the introduction, the line rupture monitor can be configured in one piece with the basic distributor. However, it is particularly advantageous if the line rupture monitor can be connected releasably to the basic distributor  2  and the line rupture monitor  3  comprises at least one, but preferably a plurality of line rupture monitor modules  7 . The line rupture monitor modules  7  are preferably of disk-shaped configuration, the thickness of a disk corresponding substantially to the thickness of a basic distributor module  4 , from which the basic distributor  2  according to the present embodiment is composed. 
     As a result of the modular configuration of the line rupture monitor  3 , individual line rupture monitor modules  7  can be replaced simply; for example, a functional line rupture monitor module  7  can be replaced by a nonfunctional line rupture monitor module  7 , that is to say an empty module  10 , if this is necessary. In this way, for example, only important lubricating points can be monitored by functional line rupture monitor modules  7 . The remaining lubricating points and/or distributor outlets are assigned empty modules  10 . The line rupture monitor modules  7  are particularly preferably connected operatively to a connection element  9  of the basic distributor  2 , which connection element  9  can be arranged in a distributor outlet  12  of the basic distributor  2  and in a through hole  13  of a line rupture module  7 . The line rupture monitor module  7  can preferably be fastened particularly simply by means of the connection element  9  to the basic distributor  2  or to an individual basic distributor module  4 . 
     A line rupture monitor  3  preferably comprises at least one detection device  31 , but it is preferably provided that each line rupture monitor module  7  comprises a detection device  31 . The detection device  31  is configured for detecting a pressure drop in an associated connection element  9  and for generating a corresponding signal which gives information about a corresponding line rupture. In the exemplary embodiment which is shown in the figures, a line rupture is detected via a feeler plunger  15  which is held by the fluid pressure, counter to the force of a spring, in a “normal position” which is detected by the detection device, for example by means of an electric switch or by optical means. If the spring force of the spring  17  exceeds the fluid pressure, for example because the latter drops on account of a line rupture, the feeler plunger  15  is displaced by the spring force in the direction of the connection element  9 , with the result that a radial element  32  is no longer in contact with the detection device  31 . Thereupon, the detection device will generate a corresponding signal which indicates the displacement of the feeler plunger  15  and therefore the pressure drop in the connection element  9 . The detection devices  31  of the individual line rupture monitor modules  7  are preferably connected to one another. For this purpose, any empty modules  10  which are provided also have corresponding electric and/or optical means for signal transmission. 
     It is particularly advantageous if the line rupture monitor  3  is of modular construction, with the result that any desired combination of line rupture monitor modules  3  is possible. Furthermore, an existing basic distributor  2  can be retrofitted simply with a line rupture monitor  3 , in order to produce a lubricant distributor  1  according to the invention. The retrofitting can take place simply by virtue of the fact that the distributor outlets  12  of a basic distributor  2 , the associated lines of which are to be monitored, are provided with a line rupture monitor  3  or with a line rupture monitor module  7 . To this end, the line rupture monitor modules  7  preferably have connection elements  9  which only have to be introduced, in particular screwed, into the corresponding distributor outlets  12 . In order to retrofit existing basic distributors  2 , a line rupture monitor  3  or a line rupture monitor module  7  therefore preferably already has a corresponding connection element  9  which has an opening  27 , in order to produce a fluid connection between the hole  16  which receives the feeler plunger  15  and the fluid chamber  23  of the connection element  9 . 
     All the lubricant distributors which are provided in a central lubrication system or their line rupture monitors  3  or line rupture monitor modules  7  are preferably connected to one another and to a corresponding evaluation system which is not shown in the drawing. In this way, an operator can be shown, for example, by a display element which of the line rupture monitor modules  7  has detected a line rupture. Rapid locating of the affected line rupture monitor module  7  and therefore of the associated line is possible by virtue of the fact that each individual line rupture monitor module  7  can be addressed in the case of a connection of the individual line rupture monitor modules  7  via a common bus. 
     According to the invention, the line rupture monitor  30  can be arranged in the basic distributor  2  or on the latter. It is conceivable, for example, to integrate the line rupture monitor  3  into the basic distributor  2 . In order to retrofit basic distributors  2  which already exist, it is more advantageous, however, to arrange the line rupture monitor  3  on the basic distributor  2  and to connect it to the basic distributor  2 , in particular, via connection elements  9 . 
     LIST OF DESIGNATIONS 
       1 - 1 ″ Lubricant distributor 
       2 - 2 ″ Basic distributor 
       3 - 3 ″ Line rupture monitor 
       4  Basic distributor module 
       4 ′ Starter module 
       5  Connecting element 
       6  Inlet element 
       7  Line rupture monitor module 
       8   a - 8   c  End piece 
       9  Connection element 
       10  Empty module 
       11  Hole 
       12  Distributor outlet 
       13  Through hole 
       14  Side face 
       15  Feeler plunger 
       16  Hole 
       17  Spring 
       18  Upper side 
       19  Projection 
       19 ′ Projection 
       20  Stop element 
       21  Upper side 
       22  Arrow 
       23  Fluid chamber 
       23 ′ Fluid chamber 
       24  Closure 
       25  Elastic element 
       26  Closure element 
       27  Opening 
       28  Hole section 
       29  End side 
       30  Relief hole 
       31  Detection device 
       32  Radial element 
       33  Cavity 
       34  Board 
       36  Hole 
       37  Connection piece 
       38  Connecting means 
       39   a  Counterbalance valve 
       39   b  Counterbalance valve 
       39   c  Counterbalance valve 
       40  Line 
       40 ′ Line 
     S Plug connection 
     K Contact element