Abstract:
Certain embodiments of the present disclosure improve a robustness of some critical MAC management response massages transmitted from a base station (BS) to a mobile station (MS). In this way, a reliability of transmission can be increased and a messaging failure that results in out of sync state between the MS and the BS can be avoided.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a wireless communication and, more particularly, to a method to improve a transmission reliability of the response messages transmitted from a base station to a mobile station. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0002]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for a wireless communication system. The method generally includes receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, and transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst. 
         [0003]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for a wireless communication system. The method generally includes receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, and transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst, and wherein the level of robustness of the first data burst is set to achieve a predefined target error rate at a value lower than a value of a reported carrier-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (CINR). 
         [0004]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for a wireless communication system. The method generally includes receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst, increasing a level of robustness of the first data burst used for a retransmission of the response to the MAC management message compare to a previous transmission, if the response to the MAC management message is not successfully received at a mobile station during the previous transmission, and retransmitting the response to the MAC management message until the response to the MAC management message is successfully received at the mobile station. 
         [0005]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for a wireless communication system. The apparatus generally includes logic for receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, and logic for transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst. 
         [0006]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for a wireless communication system. The apparatus generally includes logic for receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, and logic for transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst, and wherein the level of robustness of the first data burst is set to achieve a predefined target error rate at a value lower than a value of a reported carrier-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (CINR). 
         [0007]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for a wireless communication system. The apparatus generally includes logic for receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, logic for transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst, logic for increasing a level of robustness of the first data burst used for a retransmission of the response to the MAC management message compare to a previous transmission, if the response to the MAC management message is not successfully received at a mobile station during the previous transmission, and logic for retransmitting the response to the MAC management message until the response to the MAC management message is successfully received at the mobile station. 
         [0008]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for a wireless communication system. The apparatus generally includes means for receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, and means for transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst. 
         [0009]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for a wireless communication system. The apparatus generally includes means for receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, and means for transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst, and wherein the level of robustness of the first data burst is set to achieve a predefined target error rate at a value lower than a value of a reported carrier-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (CINR). 
         [0010]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for a wireless communication system. The apparatus generally includes means for receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, means for transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst, means for increasing a level of robustness of the first data burst used for a retransmission of the response to the MAC management message compare to a previous transmission, if the response to the MAC management message is not successfully received at a mobile station during the previous transmission, and means for retransmitting the response to the MAC management message until the response to the MAC management message is successfully received at the mobile station. 
         [0011]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-program product for a wireless communication system, comprising a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors. The instructions generally include instructions for receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, and instructions for transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst. 
         [0012]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-program product for a wireless communication system, comprising a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors. The instructions generally include instructions for receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, and instructions for transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst, and wherein the level of robustness of the first data burst is set to achieve a predefined target error rate at a value lower than a value of a reported carrier-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (CINR). 
         [0013]    Certain embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-program product for a wireless communication system, comprising a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions being executable by one or more processors. The instructions generally include instructions for receiving a media access control (MAC) management message from a mobile station, instructions for transmitting a response to the MAC management message in a first data burst using a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that is more robust than a second MCS used to transmit a second data burst, instructions for increasing a level of robustness of the first data burst used for a retransmission of the response to the MAC management message compare to a previous transmission, if the response to the MAC management message is not successfully received at a mobile station during the previous transmission, and instructions for retransmitting the response to the MAC management message until the response to the MAC management message is successfully received at the mobile station. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]    So that the manner in which the above-recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only certain typical embodiments of this disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the description may admit to other equally effective embodiments. 
           [0015]      FIG. 1  illustrates an example wireless communication system, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  illustrates various components that may be utilized in a wireless device in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. 
           [0017]      FIG. 3  illustrates an example transmitter and an example receiver that may be used within a wireless communication system in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. 
           [0018]      FIG. 4  illustrates examples of unsuccessful transmission of controlling messages from a base station (BS) to a mobile station (MS) in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. 
           [0019]      FIG. 5  illustrates example operations for improving a transmission reliability of controlling messages in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. 
           [0020]      FIG. 5A  illustrates example components capable of performing the operations illustrated in  FIG. 5 . 
           [0021]      FIG. 6  illustrates an example of signaling between the BS and the MS for the purpose of improving the transmission reliability of controlling messages in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. 
           [0022]      FIG. 7  illustrates another example of signaling between the BS and the MS for the purpose of improving the transmission reliability of controlling messages in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0023]    The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. 
         [0024]    Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) standards define Media Access Control (MAC) management messages for hand-shaking between a mobile station (MS) and a base station (BS). MAC management messages that are transmitted from the serving BS to the MS in a traffic mode often demand a high reliability of transmission. Examples of MAC management messages of a response type transmitted from the BS to the MS comprise a Mobile Sleep Response (MOB_SLP-RSP) message, a Mobile Scanning Response (MOB_SCN-RSP) message, a Mobile De-Registration Command (MOB_DREG-CMD) message, etc. 
         [0025]    When the BS sends a MAC management response message and the MS does not receive it, then operational modes of the MS and the BS may become out of sync. This may result in a loss of throughput loss or even in a call drop. 
       Exemplary Wireless Communication System 
       [0026]    The techniques described herein may be used for various broadband wireless communication systems, including communication systems that are based on an orthogonal multiplexing scheme. Examples of such communication systems include Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and so forth. An OFDMA system utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), which is a modulation technique that partitions the overall system bandwidth into multiple orthogonal sub-carriers. These sub-carriers may also be called tones, bins, etc. With OFDM, each sub-carrier may be independently modulated with data. An SC-FDMA system may utilize interleaved FDMA (IFDMA) to transmit on sub-carriers that are distributed across the system bandwidth, localized FDMA (LFDMA) to transmit on a block of adjacent sub-carriers, or enhanced FDMA (EFDMA) to transmit on multiple blocks of adjacent sub-carriers. In general, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDMA. 
         [0027]    One specific example of a communication system based on an orthogonal multiplexing scheme is a WiMAX system. WiMAX, which stands for the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a standards-based broadband wireless technology that provides high-throughput broadband connections over long distances. There are two main applications of WiMAX today: fixed WiMAX and mobile WiMAX. Fixed WiMAX applications are point-to-multipoint, enabling broadband access to homes and businesses, for example. Mobile WiMAX offers the full mobility of cellular networks at broadband speeds. 
         [0028]    IEEE 802.16x is an emerging standard organization to define an air interface for fixed and mobile broadband wireless access (BWA) systems. These standards define at lest four different physical layers (PHYs) and one medium access control (MAC) layer. The OFDM and OFDMA physical layer of the four physical layers are the most popular in the fixed and mobile BWA areas respectively. 
         [0029]      FIG. 1  illustrates an example of a wireless communication system  100  in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be employed. The wireless communication system  100  may be a broadband wireless communication system. The wireless communication system  100  may provide communication for a number of cells  102 , each of which is serviced by a base station  104 . A base station  104  may be a fixed station that communicates with user terminals  106 . The base station  104  may alternatively be referred to as an access point, a Node B or some other terminology. 
         [0030]      FIG. 1  depicts various user terminals  106  dispersed throughout the system  100 . The user terminals  106  may be fixed (i.e., stationary) or mobile. The user terminals  106  may alternatively be referred to as remote stations, access terminals, terminals, subscriber units, mobile stations, stations, user equipment, etc. The user terminals  106  may be wireless devices, such as cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices, wireless modems, laptop computers, personal computers, etc. 
         [0031]    A variety of algorithms and methods may be used for transmissions in the wireless communication system  100  between the base stations  104  and the user terminals  106 . For example, signals may be sent and received between the base stations  104  and the user terminals  106  in accordance with OFDM/OFDMA techniques. If this is the case, the wireless communication system  100  may be referred to as an OFDM/OFDMA system. 
         [0032]    A communication link that facilitates transmission from a base station  104  to a user terminal  106  may be referred to as a downlink (DL)  108 , and a communication link that facilitates transmission from a user terminal  106  to a base station  104  may be referred to as an uplink (UL)  110 . Alternatively, a downlink  108  may be referred to as a forward link or a forward channel, and an uplink  110  may be referred to as a reverse link or a reverse channel. 
         [0033]    A cell  102  may be divided into multiple sectors  112 . A sector  112  is a physical coverage area within a cell  102 . Base stations  104  within a wireless communication system  100  may utilize antennas that concentrate the flow of power within a particular sector  112  of the cell  102 . Such antennas may be referred to as directional antennas. 
         [0034]      FIG. 2  illustrates various components that may be utilized in a wireless device  202  that may be employed within the wireless communication system  100 . The wireless device  202  is an example of a device that may be configured to implement the various methods described herein. The wireless device  202  may be a base station  104  or a user terminal  106 . 
         [0035]    The wireless device  202  may include a processor  204  which controls operation of the wireless device  202 . The processor  204  may also be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU). Memory  206 , which may include both read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM), provides instructions and data to the processor  204 . A portion of the memory  206  may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). The processor  204  typically performs logical and arithmetic operations based on program instructions stored within the memory  206 . The instructions in the memory  206  may be executable to implement the methods described herein. 
         [0036]    The wireless device  202  may also include a housing  208  that may include a transmitter  210  and a receiver  212  to allow transmission and reception of data between the wireless device  202  and a remote location. The transmitter  210  and receiver  212  may be combined into a transceiver  214 . An antenna  216  may be attached to the housing  208  and electrically coupled to the transceiver  214 . The wireless device  202  may also include (not shown) multiple transmitters, multiple receivers, multiple transceivers, and/or multiple antennas. 
         [0037]    The wireless device  202  may also include a signal detector  218  that may be used in an effort to detect and quantify the level of signals received by the transceiver  214 . The signal detector  218  may detect such signals as total energy, energy per subcarrier per symbol, power spectral density and other signals. The wireless device  202  may also include a digital signal processor (DSP)  220  for use in processing signals. 
         [0038]    The various components of the wireless device  202  may be coupled together by a bus system  222 , which may include a power bus, a control signal bus, and a status signal bus in addition to a data bus. 
         [0039]      FIG. 3  illustrates an example of a transmitter  302  that may be used within a wireless communication system  100  that utilizes OFDM/OFDMA. Portions of the transmitter  302  may be implemented in the transmitter  210  of a wireless device  202 . The transmitter  302  may be implemented in a base station  104  for transmitting data  306  to a user terminal  106  on a downlink  108 . The transmitter  302  may also be implemented in a user terminal  106  for transmitting data  306  to a base station  104  on an uplink  110 . 
         [0040]    Data  306  to be transmitted is shown being provided as input to a serial-to-parallel (S/P) converter  308 . The S/P converter  308  may split the transmission data into M parallel data streams  310 . 
         [0041]    The M parallel data streams  310  may then be provided as input to a mapper  312 . The mapper  312  may map the M parallel data streams  310  onto M constellation points. The mapping may be done using some modulation constellation, such as binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 8 phase-shift keying (8PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), etc. Thus, the mapper  312  may output M parallel symbol streams  316 , each symbol stream  316  corresponding to one of the M orthogonal subcarriers of the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT)  320 . These M parallel symbol streams  316  are represented in the frequency domain and may be converted into M parallel time domain sample streams  318  by an IFFT component  320 . 
         [0042]    A brief note about terminology will now be provided. M parallel modulations in the frequency domain are equal to M modulation symbols in the frequency domain, which are equal to M mapping and M-point IFFT in the frequency domain, which is equal to one (useful) OFDM symbol in the time domain, which is equal to M samples in the time domain. One OFDM symbol in the time domain, Ns, is equal to Ncp (the number of guard samples per OFDM symbol)+M (the number of useful samples per OFDM symbol). 
         [0043]    The M parallel time domain sample streams  318  may be converted into an OFDM/OFDMA symbol stream  322  by a parallel-to-serial (P/S) converter  324 . A guard insertion component  326  may insert a guard interval between successive OFDM/OFDMA symbols in the OFDM/OFDMA symbol stream  322 . The output of the guard insertion component  326  may then be upconverted to a desired transmit frequency band by a radio frequency (RF) front end  328 . An antenna  330  may then transmit the resulting signal  332 . 
         [0044]      FIG. 3  also illustrates an example of a receiver  304  that may be used within a wireless device  202  that utilizes OFDM/OFDMA. Portions of the receiver  304  may be implemented in the receiver  212  of a wireless device  202 . The receiver  304  may be implemented in a user terminal  106  for receiving data  306  from a base station  104  on a downlink  108 . The receiver  304  may also be implemented in a base station  104  for receiving data  306  from a user terminal  106  on an uplink  110 . 
         [0045]    The transmitted signal  332  is shown traveling over a wireless channel  334 . When a signal  332 ′ is received by an antenna  330 ′, the received signal  332 ′ may be downconverted to a baseband signal by an RF front end  328 ′. A guard removal component  326 ′ may then remove the guard interval that was inserted between OFDM/OFDMA symbols by the guard insertion component  326 . 
         [0046]    The output of the guard removal component  326 ′ may be provided to an S/P converter  324 ′. The S/P converter  324 ′ may divide the OFDM/OFDMA symbol stream  322 ′ into the M parallel time-domain symbol streams  318 ′, each of which corresponds to one of the M orthogonal subcarriers. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) component  320 ′ may convert the M parallel time-domain symbol streams  318 ′ into the frequency domain and output M parallel frequency-domain symbol streams  316 ′. 
         [0047]    A demapper  312 ′ may perform the inverse of the symbol mapping operation that was performed by the mapper  312  thereby outputting M parallel data streams  310 ′. A P/S converter  308 ′ may combine the M parallel data streams  310 ′ into a single data stream  306 ′. Ideally, this data stream  306 ′ corresponds to the data  306  that was provided as input to the transmitter  302 . Note that elements  308 ′,  310 ′,  312 ′,  316 ′,  320 ′,  318 ′ and  324 ′ may all be found in a baseband processor  340 ′. 
       Exemplary Contolling Messages Transmission Reliability Improvement 
       [0048]    WiMAX standards define Media Access Control (MAC) management messages that can be exchanged between a mobile station (MS) and a base station (BS). There are two general scenarios of exchanging MAC management messages between the MS and the BS: an MS-initiated scenario and a BS-initiated scenario. Certain embodiments of the present disclosure may apply to the MS-initiated scenario, where the MS may first send the MAC management message of a request type, and the BS may then transmit the MAC management message of a response type. 
         [0049]    Certain MAC management response messages, such as a MOB_SLP-RSP message, a MOB_SCN-RSP message, and a MOB_DREG-CMD message, can influence an operational state of the MS. Therefore, these control messages typically demand high transmission reliability. If the MS cannot successfully receive the MAC management response message from the BS, then an operational mode of the MS and an operational mode of the BS may not be synchronized. This may result in a loss of throughput or even in a call drop. 
         [0050]      FIG. 4  illustrates two examples of unsuccessful transmission of MAC management response messages from the BS side to the MS side. In one example, the MS may initiate exchanging of MAC management messages by sending a Mobile Sleep Request (MOB_SLP-REQ) message  402  to the BS asking to enter a sleep mode. After receiving the MOB_SLP-REQ message  402 , the BS may respond with the MOB_SLP-RSP message  404 . However, the MS may not receive the MOB_SLP-RSP message, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , and the MS may be still in the normal mode  418 . But, the BS may assume that a sleep schedule is already started at the MS side. Consequently, the BS may not schedule any data transmission to the MS during the expected sleep interval  406 , and the throughput can be substantially reduced because data may be transmitted only over listening intervals  408 . 
         [0051]    In another example, the MS may initiate exchanging of MAC management messages by transmitting a Mobile De-Registration Request (MOB_DREG-REQ) message  410  to the serving BS asking to enter an idle mode. After receiving the MOB_DREG-REQ message  410 , the BS may respond with the MOB_DREG-CMD message  412 . However, the MS may not receive the MOB_DREG-CMD message  412 , as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , and the MS may still be in the traffic mode  416 . But, the BS may assume that the MS is in the idle mode  414 . Because of that, although the MS is in the traffic mode, the BS may release a current context of the MS including all connections. Consequently, the call may be dropped. 
         [0052]    In order to avoid such problems, certain embodiments of the present disclosure propose several methods to enhance robustness of transmitting MAC management response messages from the BS to the MS, while still considering a possible bandwidth overhead. By applying techniques proposed herein, a probability of successful reception of the MAC management response messages at the MS side is increased. 
         [0053]    For certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the BS may utilize more robust modulation and coding scheme for transmitting MAC management response messages than for the regular data bursts, while no information about MS&#39;s Carrier-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (CINR) is available at the BS side. For example, the same modulation and coding scheme (MCS) may be utilized to transmit a data burst containing the MAC management response message and for broadcasting a DL-MAP message. In order to limit bandwidth overhead and to allow sending other traffic data with less robust modulation and coding schemes, according to certain embodiments, a limited number of MAC management response messages may be transmitted with substantially more robust burst profile. 
         [0054]    For certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the BS may utilize more robust MCS for transmitting the MAC management response message than for the regular data burst, while the reported CINR value from the MS side may be known at the BS side. The utilized level of robustness may be higher than the lowest level of robustness that is sufficient to achieve a predefined error rate at the MS side for an MS-reported CINR value known at the BS. Therefore, the MCS used for sending the data burst of the MAC management response message may need to be sufficiently robust to meet the predefined target error rate at the MS side for the CINR value given by: 
         [0000]        CINR   target   =CINR   reported   −U,    (1) 
         [0000]    where CINR reported  is the MS-reported CINR value known at the BS side, U is a back-off value, and CINR target  may be represented in absolute scale or in dB (decibel) units. 
         [0055]      FIG. 5  illustrates example operations  500  for improving transmission reliability of control messages for certain embodiments of the present disclosure, where the same MAC management response message may be transmitted a plurality of times with increased robustness of the burst profile until the retransmission is eventually successful. Operations  500  may be performed, for example, by a BS. 
         [0056]    At  510 , the BS may receive a new MAC management request message from the MS. At  520 , the BS may transmit the MAC management response message to the MS with more robust modulation and coding scheme than for the regular data burst in order to provide higher probability of successful reception at the MS side. If, after a certain period of time, the MS does not send to the BS the same MAC management request message or a negative acknowledge message (as determined at  530 ), then it can be confirmed, at  540 , that the transmission of the MAC management response message is successful. 
         [0057]    On the other hand, if the MS retransmits the same MAC management request message before the predefined time period expires or the negative acknowledge message (as determined at  530 ), than the transmission of the MAC management response message is not successful. In this case, at  550 , a robustness of the burst profile may be increased compare to the burst profile utilized for the previous transmission of the same MAC management response message. In order to limit the bandwidth overhead of the communication link between the BS side and the MS side, the robustness of the burst profile may be increased until a predefined maximum level of robustness is reached. At  560 , the BS may retransmit the same MAC management response message to the MS with the level of robustness of the burst profile that is set at step  550 . 
         [0058]      FIG. 6  illustrates one example of signaling between the BS and the MS for improving the transmission reliability of controlling messages where the same MAC management response message may be transmitted a plurality of times with increased robustness of the burst profile until the retransmission is eventually successful. The MS may initiate exchanging of controlling messages with the BS by sending the MAC management request message, such as the MOB_SLP-REQ message  602 , as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . After receiving the MAC management message, the BS may respond with the DL-MAP message  612  and the MAC management response message, such as the MOB_SLP-RSP message  604  for this exemplary case. 
         [0059]    The modulation and coding scheme utilized for sending the data burst of the MAC management response message may need to be sufficiently robust to achieve a predefined target error rate at the MS side for the following CINR value: 
         [0000]        CINR   target ( i )= CINR   reported   −U ( i ),   (2) 
         [0000]    where CINR reported  is an MS-reported CINR value  608  from  FIG. 6 , U(i) is a back-off value for the ith transmission (i=1,2, . . . ) of the same MAC management response message, and CINR target  (i) may be represented in absolute scale or in dB units. 
         [0060]    Once the BS sends the MAC management response message to the MS, the BS may start a timer T slightly longer than the retransmission timer of the MAC management request message initiated by the MS. If the BS receives the same MAC management request message before the predefined time T expires, then the BS may increase the back-off value defined in equation (2) for the next retransmission of the MOB_SLP-RSP message  604 ′, i.e., U(i+1)&gt;U(i), as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . Therefore, more robust modulation and coding scheme may be used for retransmitting the MAC management response message to achieve the predefined target error rate at the MS for a lower CINR value than the CINR value used for the ith transmission. The target CINR value for the (i+1)th transmission of the same MAC management response message may be determined as: 
         [0000]        CINR   target ( i+ 1)= CINR   reported   −U ( i+ 1)   (3) 
         [0061]    The robustness of the modulation and coding scheme utilized for retransmitting the MAC management response messages may be increased (i.e., the MOB_SLP-RSP message  604 ″ is more robust than the MOB_SLP-RSP message  604 ′, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 ) until the predefined most robust burst profile is reached. By limiting the robustness of the burst profile to a maximum predefined level, an overhead of utilized channel bandwidth is upper-bounded. 
         [0062]    For certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the robustness of the MAC management response message may be increased from one transmission to another, while the information about CINR at the MS side may not be available at the BS side. Initially, the BS may utilize a modulation and coding scheme for sending a data burst of the MAC management response message with a burst profile b(i). Once the BS sends the MAC management response message to the MS, the BS may start a timer slightly longer than the retransmission timer of the MAC management request message transmitted from the MS. If the BS receives the same MAC management request message before the timer expires, then the BS may use a more robust burst profile b(i+1) than the previously used burst profile b(i). The burst profile for every next retransmission may be more robust compare to the previous burst profile until a predefined most robust burst profile is utilized. 
         [0063]      FIG. 7  illustrates another example of signaling between the BS and the MS for improving the transmission reliability of controlling messages where the same MAC management response message may be retransmitted a plurality of times on a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) channel with increased robustness of the burst profile until the retransmission is eventually successful. The MS may initiate exchanging of control messages with the BS by sending the MAC management request message, such as the MOB_SLP-REQ message  702 , as illustrated in  FIG. 7 . 
         [0064]    After receiving the MAC management message, the BS may respond by sending the DL-MAP message  712  and the MAC management response message (such as the MOB_SLP-RSP message  704 ) on the HARQ channel. The modulation and coding scheme may utilize the burst profile b(i) for sending the data burst of the MAC management response message, as illustrated in  FIG. 7 . If the BS receives a Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Negative Acknowledgement (HARQ-NACK) message  708  from the MS, then the transmission is not successful and the BS may retransmit the MAC management response message with more robust burst profile b(i+1) than the previous burst profile b(i), as illustrated in  FIG. 7  with the MOB_SLP-RSP message  704 ′. The robustness of the retransmitted MAC management response message may be further increased (i.e., the MOB_SLP-RSP message  704 ″ is more robust than the MOB_SLP-RSP message  704 ′) until the predefined most robust burst profile is utilized. 
         [0065]    The various operations of methods described above may be performed by various hardware and/or software component(s) and/or module(s) corresponding to means-plus-function blocks illustrated in the Figures. For example, blocks  510 - 560  illustrated in  FIG. 5  correspond to means-plus-function blocks  510 A- 560 A illustrated in  FIG. 5A . More generally, where there are methods illustrated in Figures having corresponding counterpart means-plus-function Figures, the operation blocks correspond to means-plus-function blocks with similar numbering. 
         [0066]    The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array signal (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. 
         [0067]    The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the present disclosure may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in any form of storage medium that is known in the art. Some examples of storage media that may be used include random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), flash memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM and so forth. A software module may comprise a single instruction, or many instructions, and may be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across multiple storage media. A storage medium may be coupled to a processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. 
         [0068]    The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for achieving the described method. The method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is specified, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. 
         [0069]    The functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions on a computer-readable medium. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Disk and disc, as used herein, include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray® disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. 
         [0070]    Software or instructions may also be transmitted over a transmission medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of transmission medium. 
         [0071]    Further, it should be appreciated that modules and/or other appropriate means for performing the methods and techniques described herein can be downloaded and/or otherwise obtained by a user terminal and/or base station as applicable. For example, such a device can be coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of means for performing the methods described herein. Alternatively, various methods described herein can be provided via storage means (e.g., RAM, ROM, a physical storage medium such as a compact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.), such that a user terminal and/or base station can obtain the various methods upon coupling or providing the storage means to the device. Moreover, any other suitable technique for providing the methods and techniques described herein to a device can be utilized. 
         [0072]    It is to be understood that the claims are not limited to the precise configuration and components illustrated above. Various modifications, changes and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the methods and apparatus described above without departing from the scope of the claims.