Abstract:
A motorcycle grip pad comprises a base layer of elastomeric material having spaced bumps on a top surface. An adhesive layer is on a bottom surface. The area of the pad is between 1000 and 4000 mm2. A motorcycle grip system also includes a reaction patch of relatively rigid material having apertures spaced and arranged in the same way as the bumps on the pad. The patch is adapted for connection to a motorcycle rider&#39;s suit ( 74,88 ) or other apparel. A wear pad for a motor cycle comprises a base sheet in the form of a flexible plastics sheet; an adhesive layer on the underside side of the flexible sheet; a release layer under the adhesive layer and protecting it during handling and storage; a top layer of soft, flexible elastomeric resin, which is poured onto the top surface prior to curing so that it spreads over the pad to its edges; and bumps of elastomeric material arranged on said base sheet prior to pouring of the polyurethane entrapping said bumps on said sheet, said bumps protruding above the level of said top layer.

Description:
[0001]    This invention relates to a motorcycle grip pad and system, and a motorcycle and riding apparel adapted to employ the pad and system. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Tyre technology is such that performance motorcycles can lean to extreme angles while cornering—up to 60 degrees with respect to the vertical. When leaning to such an extent, although also to much lesser degrees, it is always necessary for the rider to lean even further than the bike is canted over. Apart from getting the centre of gravity of the machine and rider lower, this also means that the bike leans less and therefore may have better grip on the road, allowing it to corner faster and/or more safely. 
         [0003]    When cornering in this fashion, riders effectively “hang” from the bike, because their inside leg is also canted over, with the knee almost (or actually) scraping the ground. Thus their outside leg has to grip the far side (outside) of the bike to stop them falling off. (Obviously, the rider is also holding onto the motorcycle handle bars, as well.) The present invention is concerned with arrangements to assist riders to maintain contact with the bike during cornering. However, an aspect of the invention that must be borne in mind is that the riders need to change sides of the bike as they corner first in one direction and then in the other. In racing situations, chicanes require a fast transition between left and right cornering, but even on the normal road there will be times when a rider wants to change direction promptly. Thus the rider needs to be able to slide freely, when desired, from a right cornering position on the bike to a left cornering position, and vice versa. 
         [0004]    There are also other situations in which the rider needs to grip the motorcycle in order to retain position, such as when braking heavily and there is a tendency to slide forward on the seat of the bike. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0005]    In accordance with the broadest aspect of the present invention there is provided a motorcycle grip pad comprising a base layer of elastomeric material having spaced bumps on a top surface thereof and an adhesive layer on a bottom surface thereof, which adhesive layer is provided with a removable release layer protecting said adhesive during handling and which is suitable for adhesion at least to painted metal without damage to such paint. The area of the pad is preferably between 1000 and 5000 mm 2 . 
         [0006]    “Painted metal” here means the painted metal bodywork of motor vehicles as presently marketed by motor manufacturers in Europe and the USA. Such paint is necessarily relatively hard and resistant to mechanical abrasion. 
         [0007]    In another aspect, the invention provides a motor cycle comprising bodywork including a seat disposed behind a fuel tank, a grip pad as defined above being adhered at least one on each side of the bodywork. In this case, the fuel tank comprises a part of the bodywork of the motor cycle. 
         [0008]    Preferably the grip pad is adhered to the tank at a location adjacent a respective outside knee of the rider intending to ride the motorcycle when seated on the seat and adopting a cornering attitude with respect to the bike and for each direction of cornering. 
         [0009]    Obviously, this aspect of the invention depends on the particular rider, who forms no part of the present invention, and it is not suggested that the grip pad of the invention would be adhered to the motorcycle fuel tank, or any other part of the bike, until the rider intending to ride the motorcycle had determined the best location for the pads, given his or her particular riding style. 
         [0010]    Preferably, the grip pads are between 1200 and 3000 mm 2  in area, especially between 1300 and 1500 mm 2 . Preferably, the centres of said bumps are spaced from one another by between 8 and 20 mm, and have a base diameter of between 4 and 8 mm. If the base of the bumps is not circular, said base diameter is the maximum dimension of said base. Preferably, said spacing is between 10 and 15 mm. Said base diameter may be between 5 and 7 mm. Preferably, the height of said bumps from said top surface is between 1 and 8 mm, and may be between 2 and 5 mm. Said bumps may be truncated cones having a base diameter as defined above connecting with said top surface, and a top size of between 2 and 5 mm, preferably between 3 and 4 mm. Preferably, the top of said truncated cone is provided with a dimple whereby the top of the bump is a circular ridge. 
         [0011]    Preferably, said bumps are in an equilateral triangular formation. Preferably, said grip pad is hexagonal in shape so that multiple pads may be disposed in side by side relation without spaces between. 
         [0012]    In a second aspect, the invention further provides a reaction patch of relatively rigid material having a thickness between 2 and 8 mm and apertures spaced and arranged in the same way as the bumps on the pad, and said patch is adapted for connection to an area of a motorcycle rider&#39;s suit. Preferably, said patch is adapted for connection by having a plurality of pin-holes spaced around its circumference whereby it can be sewn to the suit knee without a needle having to puncture the patch in the sewing process. 
         [0013]    Preferably, the patch is a plastics material such as polypropylene or the like. 
         [0014]    The reaction patch could be removably attached using hook and pile type fasteners, such as Velcro® (ie using mating hooked and hooped material). Knee-sliders on leather race suits are generally attached in this way, with a larger Velcro® patch sewn onto the suit so that the smaller knee-slider has a degree of freedom of location. A similar arrangement could be provided with the reaction patches. 
         [0015]    Indeed, preferably, the reaction patch is incorporated into the suit design. The key location positions would evolve over time. 
         [0016]    Thus the invention also provides motorcycle riding apparel comprising such reaction pads. Indeed, the invention provides motorcycle riding apparel with hoop or hook pile fastener areas adapted for attachment of reaction pads as defined above. In this case “adapted” means located in areas suitable and intended for connection of such reaction pads where a rider wearing such apparel may reasonably desire such reaction pads to be connected for the purpose described herein. Apparel here means: trousers and jacket (whether integrated as a single article or as separate components), boots and gloves. Areas suitable and potentially intended for connection of such reaction pads non-exclusively include: inside leg areas; inside arm areas; inside ankle and foot areas; and inside wrist areas. It is, of course, understood that it is unlikely that Velcro® type patches have not been employed on motorcycle riding apparel in the past for the purpose of securing elements of the apparel together, but this is not the same as being suitable and intended for connection of the reaction patches of the present invention. 
         [0017]    In use, a rider, wearing a suit with said patches on the inside of the knee or elsewhere and said grip pads adhered to the fuel tank at the appropriate location (or elsewhere on the motorcycle bodywork), engages the patch with the pad and, during cornering or braking or other manoeuvres, a number of the bumps on the pad enter the apertures on the patch and assist the rider in gripping the machine, resisting relative sliding of the patch over the grip pad. During transition, the knee is released from lateral pressure (ie pressure substantially normal to the pad) and so can slide over the pad with minimal resistance as the rider adjusts his or her position on the cycle seat. 
         [0018]    From the foregoing, it is immediately apparent that, without departing from the invention, two alternative arrangements are possible. In the first, the apertures are provided not on the patch, but on the pad, and bumps are provided on the patch. While feasible, this has the disadvantage that the relatively rigid material of the patch is formed into bumps that the rider will draw across the surface of the fuel tank as and when he or she makes adjustments to their position. This might lead to scratching of the paintwork. Furthermore, for normal walking, the patches on the insides of the knees of the motor cycle suit may rub and catch against one another in an undesirable way. This problem also occurs in the second alternative, when the pad has the apertures, as in the first alternative, but, here, is also the relatively rigid component, made from polypropylene or the like, and the patch, while having the bumps, is constructed from the softer elastomeric material. However, part of the benefit of having the pad made from a flexible elastomeric material is that it easily conforms to the contours of a fuel tank or other motorcycle surface, whereas a more rigid component may have edges that stand proud of the tank or other surface and be likely to be caught. Thus, while within the ambit of the present invention, the preferred form is as defined herein. 
         [0019]    While the arrangement as described above is very satisfactory for racing purposes, it does not have a great deal of aesthetic appeal. 
         [0020]    It is known to provide wear pads that are adhered to the top and/or side surfaces of fuel tanks (and other areas of the motorcycle that might be susceptible to damage) to stop scratching of the paint work on said parts by buttons and zips on the rider&#39;s clothing as he or she leans over the tank and moves across it during cornering. Such wear pads conveniently comprise: a base sheet in the form of a flexible sheet of PVC or similar plastics, on a top side of which decorative or informative indicia may be printed; an adhesive layer on the underside side of the flexible sheet; a silicone release layer under the adhesive layer and protecting it during handling and storage; a top, rather thick, layer of soft, transparent polyurethane or like elastomer, which is poured onto the top surface prior to curing so that it spreads over the pad to its edges. If the PVC layer is previously weeded out around the intended periphery of the wear pad, the polyurethane forms a shallow meniscus at the periphery, giving the pad a relatively sharp edge. That makes the wear pad more flexible at the edge, so that it can conform to the profile of the fuel tank in this critical region where good adhesion is necessary and again to avoid proud edges that can catch on clothing and the like. On the other hand, giving the polyurethane a good thickness renders the pad as a whole relatively rigid, so that getting it to stick flat without creasing or trapping bubbles, (which is easily done with very flexible adhesive sheets) against the tank surface is possible for inexperienced personnel. The polyurethane cures to a very smooth finish, and preferably also is transparent, so that the printing on the base sheet is visible. 
         [0021]    Thus the present invention provides such a wear pad in which bumps of elastomeric material are provided on said base sheet prior to pouring of the polyurethane entrapping said bumps. Preferably, said bumps are interconnected by a network of links. Indeed, preferably, said bumps are part of a grip pad according to the first aspect of the invention in which said base is an open mesh. In this event, the adhesive layer of the grip pad may be omitted, relying on the elastomer poured onto the base sheet adhering and retaining the grip pad to the wear pad base sheet. 
         [0022]    The dimensions of the grip pad in this application may be as preferred above, although in this event the height of the bumps may be reduced by the thickness of the elastomeric layer of the wear pad. Accordingly, it may be preferred to increase the height of the bumps in this embodiment by an amount equal to the thickness of the elastomeric layer so that the height of the bumps above the level of the wear pad is as defined above. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0023]    Embodiments of the invention are further described hereinafter, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0024]      FIGS. 1   a  and  b  are respectively a side view and section on the line II-II in  FIG. 1   a  of a detail of a mesh grip unit for use in a wear pad according to the invention; 
           [0025]      FIGS. 2   a  to  c  are respectively a plan view of a single grip pad according to the present invention, a scrap section on the line b-b in  FIG. 2   a,  and a plan view of a plurality of the pads of  FIG. 2   a  side by side; 
           [0026]      FIGS. 3   a  and  b  are respectively a view similar to  FIG. 1   a  and a plan view in the direction of the arrow B in  FIG. 3   a;    
           [0027]      FIG. 4  is a plan view of a mesh; 
           [0028]      FIGS. 5   a  and  b  are sectional side views and Figures  c  and  d  show respectively a top down and perspective view of a sheet mesh for use in a wear pad according to the invention; 
           [0029]      FIG. 6  is a side view of a motorcycle having a wear pad according to the present invention applied to its fuel tank; 
           [0030]      FIGS. 7   a  and  b  are views of motor cycle riding apparel incorporating reaction patches, or areas for attachment thereof,  FIG. 7   a  being trousers and boots,  FIG. 7   b,  a glove, and  FIG. 7   c,  part of a jacket; 
           [0031]      FIGS. 8   a  and  b  are a plan view and side view, partly in section of two embodiments of a reaction patch according to the present invention; 
           [0032]      FIGS. 9   a  and  b  are respectively a perspective view and a top down view of a receiving pad,  FIG. 9   c  is a section on the line A-A in  FIG. 9   b,    FIG. 9   d  is a section on the line E-E of  FIG. 9   b,    FIG. 9   e  shows a detail H of  FIG. 9   d,    FIG. 9   f  is a section on the line K-K of  FIG. 9   b  and  FIG. 9   g  shows a detail L of  FIG. 9   f;    
           [0033]      FIG. 10   a  shows a group of three receiving pads as shown in  FIGS. 9   a  and  b,  and  FIG. 10   b  shows the group of receiving pads of  FIG. 10   a  receiving an inverted pad; 
           [0034]      FIGS. 11   a  to  c  are respectively a top down view, a perspective view and a side view of a receiving pad and an inverted pad partially engaged; 
           [0035]      FIG. 12  shows a detailed view of a typical bump of the receiving or inverted pads; 
           [0036]      FIG. 13  shows the different paths that the bumps of the inverted pad can take when it is partially engaged with the receiving pad; 
           [0037]      FIGS. 14   a  and  b  give a perspective view and a top down view respectively of a receiving pad and inverted pad fully engaged, and  FIGS. 14   c  and  d  give the view across section A-A of  FIG. 14   b  and the detail B of  FIG. 14   c;  and 
           [0038]      FIGS. 15   a  and  b  give a perspective view and a top down view respectively of a receiving pad and inverted pad semi-engaged, and  FIGS. 15   c  and  d  give the view across section A-A of  FIG. 15   b  and the detail B of  FIG. 15   c.    
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0039]    In  FIG. 2   a  a grip pad  10  is a moulding of an elastomeric plastics material, such as polyurethane, having both a certain stiffness and at the same time some resilient flexibility. The degree of stiffness and flexibility is a matter of design choice. The flexibility is needed to allow the grip pad to follow the broad contours of a motorcycle fuel tank. Since it is anticipated that this will generally be to a relatively flat area of the fuel tank, the flexibility need not be substantial. The stiffness is there to resist bending and deflection when being gripped by a rider&#39;s knee. On the other hand, absolute rigidity is not desirable either, because some give would be desirable to mould better to the opposing surface gripping the pad, as described further below, as well as grip of the pad. The material is preferably transparent, but this is not essential to its function, although it may be desirable from an aesthetic perspective. The pad  10  has a series of bumps  12  on its surface, interconnected by webs or links  14 , and upstanding from a top surface  16  of a base layer  18 . The base layer  18  in the embodiment illustrated is hexagonal in plan and has a thickness between about about 1 and 3 mm. 
         [0040]    The bumps  12  are frusto conical having approximate dimensions of: height of 5 mm; base diameter of 7 mm; and to top diameter of about 5 mm. A dimple  20  is formed in the top surface of 3 mm in diameter leaving a circular ridge of 1 mm thickness. This improves the grip of the pad  10 . The bumps are preferably in an equilateral triangular formation with centre-to-centre separations of 12 mm. The pad is about 52 mm flat to flat in width, with sides of length about 30 mm. The webs  14  support the bumps, but in the present embodiment are not essential and can be omitted. An adhesive layer  22  is provided on the bottom of base layer  18 . This may be a coating of adhesive, or applied by double-sided tape. In either event, for handling, packaging, and transportation, and sale, the adhesive layer is protected by a release layer (not shown). The adhesive is preferably a pressure-contact adhesive, suitable for application to vehicle bodywork or the like. 
         [0041]    An advantage of the hexagonal arrangement is that multiple pads  10  can be placed side by side as shown in  FIG. 2   c  to cover a larger area as may be desired without gaps between. 
         [0042]      FIG. 4  shows a bump mesh  30 . Here the base layer  18  is omitted for reasons discussed further below and in which the webs  14  link the bumps  12  together and keep them in formation. 
         [0043]      FIGS. 1   a  and  b,  and  FIGS. 3   a  and  b,  show a detail of two bumps  12 . 
         [0044]      FIGS. 5   a  to  d  illustrate a construction of a wear pad  50  according to the present invention. Here, a bump mesh  30  is placed on the top surface of a PVC (poly vinyl chloride) base sheet  52 , which has an adhesive layer  54  on its underside, as known in the art, protected by a silicone or similar release or backing layer  56  (see  FIG. 5   b  for detail). Generally, the release layer extends beyond the edge  58  of the base sheet. Indeed, it may extend substantially beyond the edge of the wear pad  50  which may be shaped (other than rectangularly as shown in  FIG. 5   c ). In this event, merely a gap  60  may exist between the PVC base layer of the wear pad, and scrap PVC beyond. The gap may be formed by a weeding process following cutting of PVC layer  52  into the desired wear pad shape. 
         [0045]    The mesh  30  may be adhered to the base sheet  52  by an adhesive layer it has, or it may simply be positioned as desired. In any event, liquid polyurethane resin is poured onto the base sheet  52  covering its entire surface and enveloping the mesh  30  including the webs  14 , but not covering the bumps  12 . Indeed, the depth of the top layer  62  so-formed is about 2.5 mm, leaving a similar height or more of the bumps  12  protruding through. 
         [0046]    The elastomeric resin poured onto the base must be compatible with both the resin of the bump mesh  30  and the base sheet  52  so that it adheres strongly to both. Polyurethane is suitable, although different grades may be selected so that the bumps might be stiffer, for example, than the softer top layer  62 , or indeed, vice versa. It is a feature of such wear pads that, at the edge of the wear pad a smooth meniscus  66  forms, providing the wear pad with a relatively sharp edge that conforms more easily to the contours of the tank on which it is to be adhered. Indeed, there is a certain flexibility in the wear pad so formed that it can conform to the surface of the tank. Nevertheless, such wear pads are frequently provided with a skeletal outline so that more pronounced surface contours can be accommodated without leaving edges or sections standing proud. 
         [0047]      FIG. 6  shows a motor cycle  100  having a wear pad  50  according to the present invention on one side of the fuel tank  102 . Another (not visible) would be on the other side. Bumps  12  are here located in just a single region of the wear pad, coinciding with the location where the knee of a rider (not shown) sitting on the seat  106  of the bike  100  would be positioned. The pad  50  is shaped to suit the pattern and shape of the tank  102  and may be printed on its PVC base layer  52  with appropriate decorative or informative indicia (provided the top layer  62  is transparent). 
         [0048]    A grip pad  10   a  is also shown connected to an element  108  of the bike bodywork, being in this case a frame tube which happens to be located in the region of the ankle of a rider using the bike  100 . Likewise, another grip pad  10   b  could be connected to the forward part of the tank  102  to possibly provide additional grip for the wrist or inner arm of the rider. Of course, if the tank  102  or frame  108  are not located where the rider needs a grip pad, then the grip pad could be connected to other components of the bike, which in this event, and for the purposes of this document, are considered parts of the bike bodywork, even if it is a gearbox housing, for example. Furthermore, elements could be connected to the bike to enable fixation of a grip pad if the appropriate location is not suitable for connection of a grip pad (for example a hot exhaust pipe, or even simply a space in the position where it is necessary for a pad to be located). 
         [0049]    On their own, the bumps  12  of a wear pad  50  as described above, or a grip pad  10 ,  10   a  or  10   b,  as described above, provide enhanced friction locations to enable a rider to grip the side of the bike during cornering or braking better than when they are not present. 
         [0050]    However, a further aspect of the invention provides a reaction patch  70 , shown in  FIGS. 8   a  and  b.  This comprises a sheet of semi-rigid plastics material such as polypropylene or the like. Pinholes  72  are disposed around the periphery so that it can be sewn to the inside of the knee-region of motorcycle-suit trousers  74 . Again, one is provided on each knee (for example) and each has holes or apertures  76  in an array corresponding with the arrangement of bumps  12  on the grip pad  10  or wear pad  50 . The arrangement is such that the bumps slip easily into the holes  76  when the rider presses his or her knee towards the bike fuel tank. The bumps grip the pad more effectively, being not just a friction grip, but also a mechanical interference grip. However, just by releasing the sideways pressure, the knee should relatively easily slip over the pad  10 , 50  when the cornering on that side is finished and the rider is transitioning to an upright stance, or to the opposite direction. 
         [0051]    Indeed, although the bumps  12  are shown as symmetrical, there is no absolute requirement for this, and indeed, some asymmetry may be desirable so that the grip pad grips better in one direction than in another. For example, one application of the grip pad may be Lo assist in maintaining body position while braking. Both thighs might grip the fuel tank in this circumstance and the bumps may have orthogonal sides in the direction of forward motion when in their working position. However, their other side may be inclined so as to slide out more easily when braking has finished. 
         [0052]      FIG. 8   b  shows, partly in section, and alternative attachment adaptation for a reaction patch  70 ′. Here, the rider&#39;s apparel  78  is provided with an area  80  of hooped nylon or like fabric. To the rear surface of the patch  70 ′ is adhered a hooked nylon or like material layer  82 , whereby the patch  70 ′ may be connected to any desired area of the apparel  78 . 
         [0053]    In  FIGS. 7   a,b  and  c,  such apparel may comprise trousers  74 , which here is shown with a patch  70  sewn in place. However, the inside leg is shown with an area  80   a  of hooped material. A boot  84  has a hooped area  80   b  at the ankle. In  FIG. 7   b,  a glove  86  has an area  80   c  to which a patch  70 ′ is shown connected. In  FIG. 77   c,  a jacket  88  has an area  80   d  on the inside arm part of the jacket. Any of the hooped areas  80   a - d  are suitable for and intended for attachment of patches  70 ′. Of course, the patches could have hooped fabric and the apparel be provided with hooked material in the areas  80   a - d,  if desired. 
         [0054]    The pad  10  and the bump mesh  30  are conveniently made in the same mould (not shown) into which curable resin is poured. Indeed, it may be an open cast mould where the webs  14  are formed by runners in the mould linking the pots that form each bump. Then, it is only a case of increasing the fill depth by 2 or 3 mm to form also the base layer  18  of the pad  10 . However, it is equally possible that individual injection moulds may be employed. 
         [0055]    In use, the present invention may be used:
       to assist the rider in handling the loads on him when braking—in which case he or she may grip both sides of the bike simultaneously;   when cornering (as described above); and   to allow for other contact areas, e.g. ankle(boot)-to-frame/bike structure; chest-to-bodywork(tank); arm-to-bodywork; and possibly even glove to handle bar, etc.       
 
         [0059]    A further benefit in use would be when riding over rough ground; it is often beneficial to ride either standing-up, or at least taking most of the weight through the rider&#39;s feet. In this case it may be advantageous to be able to reliably grip the inner sides of the legs (thighs, knees, calves, ankles) against the sides of the bike, whatever component one was touching on the bike. 
         [0060]    Further benefits of the invention are:
       contact grip will hardly reduce when wet, compared with the grip between wet leather and paintwork;   level of grip is much less dependent on the force applied by the rider;   bike will be easier to ride when the rider is either fatigued and/or injured;   cosmetically, the grip pad will protect the bodywork from wear and tear (abrasion, etc) caused by the rider sliding and gripping with whatever he or she grips with.       
 
         [0065]    An alternative version of the grip pad could have non-symmetrical studs/bumps, (e.g a shallower-angled face or rib/ramp on one side) so that they grip more in one direction than another when engaging with the mating part (or vice versa), to make it easier to disengage when sliding from side to side, or when making the transition from braking to hanging-off for cornering. 
         [0066]    When using a grip pad alone, the ‘bumps’ would probably be fairly soft, so that they grip the rider&#39;s suit better. When used with a mating part (reaction pad) they could be stiffer, so enhancing the mechanical grip when engaged in the mating holes. In this event, the bumps would deform less, so possibly perform more reliably. 
         [0067]    Another embodiment of the invention makes use of identical pads comprising bumps whereby the bumps of one pad interlock into the spaces between the bumps on the receiving pad.  FIGS. 9   a  and  b  show one such pad  10   a′  to be hexagonal with sides approximately 30 mm, and comprise an array of frusto conical bumps  12 ′ on an equilateral triangular lattice of about 12 mm. In this embodiment, the bumps  12 ′ have the approximate dimensions of: height of 5 mm; base diameter of 7.5 mm; and a top diameter of about 5 mm. A dimple  20 ′ of diameter 3 mm is formed in the top surface leaving a circular ridge of 1 mm thickness, improving the grip of the pad  10   a′.  The bumps  12 ′ may be connected by webs  14  (not shown in  FIGS. 9 to 15 , but being as described above for the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4 ), although this is not an essential requirement. Where the bumps  12 ′ are connected by webs  14 , the top layer  62  of the pad  10   a′  is formed by pouring liquid polyurethane resin onto a base sheet  52  enveloping the webs  14 , but leaving bumps  12 ′ of the dimensions given above protruding. The pad  10   a′  has a thickness of approximately 2 mm from the base of the bumps  12 ′.  FIGS. 9   d  and  e  show that the intersection of the bumps and the top layer  62  of the pad  10   a′  is curved with a radius of 0.5 mm. Furthermore, the edges of the pad  10   a′  are curved with a radius of 0.5 mm also. 
         [0068]    The pad  10   a′  comprises a triangular tab  90  positioned at one of the vertices of the hexagonal part or base  89 , such that two sides of the triangular tab  90  are continuations of the edges of the hexagonal part  89 . The triangular tab  90  also has curved edges and vertices in the same manner as the edges and vertices of the hexagonal part  89  of the pad  10   a′.  A shallow notch L with an approximate depth of 0.3 mm runs along the edge of the hexagonal part  89  of the pad  10   a′  where it joins the triangular tab  90  allowing the triangular tab  90  to be removed easily if it is not required. The notch L is shown in greater detail in  FIGS. 9   f  and  g.    
         [0069]    The triangular tab  90  provides a guide for positioning additional pads identical to  10   a′,  such that the bumps on one pad consistently continue the lattice from the other pads ( FIG. 10   a ). Additionally, the edges of the triangular tab  90  are flush with the edges of additional pads when in a group configuration thus adding to the stability of the configuration. Continuation of the triangular lattice over several pads increases the area able to receive an inverted pad  10   b′  and/or allows an inverted pad  10   b′  to be received by several pads simultaneously as shown in  FIG. 10   b.  Full engagement of the pads  10   a′  and  10   b′  is achieved when the bumps of the inverted pad  10   b′  slot into the centres of the triangular lattice of the receiving pad(s)  10   a′,  such that the top sections of the bumps  12 ′ of the inverted pad  10   b′  are flush with the top layer  62  of the receiving pad(s)  10   a′  and vice versa. The engagement of two pads is shown more clearly in  FIGS. 11   a - c.    FIGS. 11   a  and  11   b  show the two pads  10   a′  and  10   b′  fully engaged, whereas  FIG. 11   c  shows the pads  10   a′  and  10   b′  displaced by a distance Δy with respect to one another. 
         [0070]    Displacement between the pads  10   a′  and  10   b′  allows relative lateral movement which is characterised by the magnitude of the displacement Δy. Three dynamic regimes can thus be defined. When Δy=0, the top sections of the bumps of the inverted pad  10   b′  are flush with the top layer  62  of the receiving pad(s)  10   a′  and there is no relative lateral movement. In this regime the pads  10   a′  and  10   b′  are “fully engaged”. Lateral movement is only permitted when Ay is large enough to allow the diameter D (see  FIG. 12 ) of the top section of the bumps  12 ′ to pass through the gaps of adjacent bumps. The minimum value of Δy that permits lateral movement for the bumps  12 ′ with dimensions given above is Δy=1.00 mm. For this displacement, the bumps  12 ′ of the inverted pad  10   b′  follow curved paths W around the bumps  12 ′ of the receiving pad  10   a′  and are said to “wriggle”. Lateral movement of the pads  10   a′,b′  can only occur solely in the “wriggle” regime for the displacements 1.00 mm≦Δy&lt;4.22 mm. For displacements Δy≧4.22 mm, the bumps  12 ′ of the inverted pad  10   b′  are able to move laterally in straight lines S through the bumps  12 ′ of the receiving pad  10   a′.  This is the “straight thru” regime when the pads are semi-engaged. In the “straight thru” regime (defined in this case as 4.22 mm≦Δy≦5.00 mm) relative lateral movement of the pads  10   a′  and  10   b′  is still restricted in that they are not free to move in any direction with respect to one another. Examples of “wriggle” W and “straight thru” S paths as followed by the bumps  12 ′ of the inverted pad  10   b′  are given in  FIG. 13 . 
         [0071]      FIGS. 14   a - d  gives various views of two fully engaged pads  10   a′  and  10   b′  and  FIGS. 15   a - d  gives various views of two semi-engaged (typical of the “wriggle” and “straight thru” regimes) pads  10   a′  and  10   b′.  From  FIG. 14   d  it can clearly be seen that when the pads  10   a′,b′  are fully engaged, their respective bumps  12 ′ overlap when viewed along the cross section A-A of  FIG. 14   b.  It is thus obvious that the two pads are unable to move laterally when fully engaged.  FIG. 15   d  shows no such overlap however, hence the pads  10   a′,b′  are able to move laterally with respect to one another when partially engaged. 
         [0072]    The interlocking pads described above and disclosed in  FIGS. 9   a  to  15   d,  are intended for use on a motorcycle to enhance the grip between the rider and motorcycle  100 . The receiving pad  10   a′  has the means to be attached to a component of the motorcycle  100  in a location where greater grip is required. The inverted pad  10   b′  is then attached to the rider&#39;s apparel in a location that will come into contact with the receiving pad when using the motorcycle  100 . An example of how the pads  10   a′,b′  could be used to improve the rider&#39;s grip would be to attach two (or more, as shown for example in  FIG. 10   a ) receiving pads  10   a′  to either side of the fuel tank  102  and two inverted pads  10   b′  to the inside knee regions of the rider&#39;s motorcycle-suit trousers  74 . The rider can then press his or her knees towards the bike fuel tank  102  employing the different regimes as required. For example, the rider will require maximum grip to assist in maintaining body position when accelerating or decelerating, so full engagement of the pads  10   a′,b′  would be desirable. There may be times however when it will be necessary for the rider to adjust their position on the bike  100  whilst maintaining some grip between the pads  10   a′,b′.  When the rider is moving from an upright position to a leaning position for cornering for example or vice versa, they will need to quickly adjust the position of their knee with respect to the fuel tank  102 . By employing either the “wriggle” or “straight thru” regimes to make the transition, the rider can change their riding position quickly but still maintain some grip. Since the “straight thru” regime allows greater relative movement of the pads  10   a′,b′  compared to the “wriggle” regime, less grip is provided. The rider can adjust the level of grip and movement the pads  10   a′,b′  will allow by varying the pressure with which he or she presses the pads  10   a′,b′  together, thus varying Δy. 
         [0073]    Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words “comprise” and “contain” and variations of the words, for example “comprising” and “comprises”, means “including but not limited to”, and is not intended to (and does not) exclude other moieties, additives, components, integers or steps. 
         [0074]    Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the singular encompasses the plural unless the context otherwise requires. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the specification is to be understood as contemplating plurality as well as singularity, unless the context requires otherwise. 
         [0075]    Features, integers, characteristics, compounds, chemical moieties or groups described in conjunction with a particular aspect, embodiment or example of the invention are to be understood to be applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example described herein unless incompatible therewith. 
         [0076]    The reader&#39;s attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference. 
         [0077]    All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. 
         [0078]    Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features. 
         [0079]    The invention is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.