Abstract:
A system and method for servicing a caller at a contact center includes a plurality of call centers, each including an automatic call distributor (ACD), and an emergency response system that issues an emergency notification signal to the ACD of a call center in response to an emergency condition affecting the call center. In response, the ACD of the call center informs callers of the emergency condition, and then performs a bulk transfer of each of the active calls from the call center to one or more other call centers. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. 37 CFR 1.72(b).

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The present invention relates generally to the fields of telephony an call center communications; more specifically, to methods and apparatus for handling emergencies in the context of a call center communication session.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The use of call centers for handling business service calls has increased dramatically in the past decade. The traditional call center was based on a private branch exchange (PBX) that included core automatic call distributor (ACD) functions for connecting an inbound caller to one of a plurality of agents served by the ACD. During the 1990s, the advent of the Internet, electronic commerce, and computer telephony integration (CTI) transformed the call center in ways that enabled delivery of caller data to agents, thereby enabling agents to become more efficient and to improve customer service levels. Today, many enterprises use multiple call or contact centers (both terms are used synonymously and interchangeably in the present application) that extend across different geographic regions, with communications taking place through public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) and Internet protocol (IP) enabled networks that support multi-channel (voice, e-mail, text chat, and Web collaboration) customer interaction.  
         [0003]     By way of background, U.S. Pat. No. 6,798,877 teaches a system in which a caller utilizes a personal computer (PC) for establishing an Internet connection to an ACD and for permitting a caller to select a particular agent. A system for providing information about a telephone caller to a telephone agent, wherein caller-specific data of the caller is used to generate a web page that displays the identified information to the agent is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 6,871,212. A system that can notify a customer of the availability status of agents and which allows the customer to select a particular agent from a group of desired agents by pushing a button according to voice guidance given from the ACD is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,567,848. U.S. Pat. No. 6,333,980 discloses an ACD and method for selectively connecting incoming calls to a plurality of available agents based on proficiency ratings of the particular agents. A method and apparatus for controlling an ACD by a supervisor from a remote location is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 6,654,458. U.S. Pat. No. 6,847,715 discloses a method for controlling administration of ACD queues by a controller and of communicating data to an agent.  
         [0004]     An interactive voice response (IVR) system is a well known system that provides information and channels calls to call center service agents in response to the spoken words or touch tone signaling of a telephone caller. A method and apparatus for analyzing the performance of an IVR system with respect to routing of calls or contacts received in accordance with a contact flow model is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,879,685. U.S. Pat. No. 6,847,715 discloses a system for operatively integrating an ACD and an interactive voice response (IVR) unit in which an interaction input from a caller is stored and then transmitted to an appropriate agent workstation.  
         [0005]     A variety of methods for routing calls to different geographically dispersed call centers across an IP-based network are also known in the computer telephony arts. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,798,768 teaches multimedia call routing in an IP network. U.S. Pat. No. 6,879,586 teaches an Internet Protocol Network Telephony (IPNT) call center system wherein calls are routed to remote agents over the Internet in accordance with a set of business rules. U.S. Pat. No. 6,137,862 discloses a failover mechanism for restarting a failed computer telephony server process within a call center. The failover mechanism causes one of the secondary server processes to automatically take over as the primary process if the primary process fails. A system for call center queue administration in which a feature server processes calls in a packet network by submitting a questionnaire to callers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,882,641. The information in the questionnaire is used to automatically route the call or to reposition the call in the incoming call queue.  
         [0006]     One problem with the prior art is that when a real or perceived emergency occurs at a particular call center, the agents at that center are typically instructed to immediately evacuate the building. The emergency condition may be in the form of a immediate or impending natural disaster (e.g., earthquake, tornado warning, flood, etc.) or man-made in nature (e.g., bomb threat, fire in the building, gas leak, chemical spill, false alarm, etc.). Because the agents are usually required to leave the building without delay, the active call sessions are simply left hanging or dropped, with the callers wondering what has happened. At present, there is no mechanism in place in existing call center systems to avoid the dropping of calls when a call center experiences an emergency.  
         [0007]     Thus, what is a needed is a mechanism for handling active calls at a call center that is experiencing a real or perceived emergency.  
         [0008]     By way of further background, U.S. Pat. No. 6,587,545 teaches a telecommunications system and method for handling special, or abbreviated number calls, such as 9-1-1 emergency calls, that have geographic sensitivity.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0009]     The present invention will be understood more fully from the detailed description that follows and from the accompanying drawings, which however, should not be taken to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown, but are for explanation and understanding only.  
         [0010]      FIG. 1  is a high-level circuit schematic block diagram of a call center in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0011]      FIG. 2  is a conceptual diagram that illustrates a call center system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0012]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart diagram that illustrates a method of operation according to one embodiment of the present invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0013]     A system and method that provides for graceful switchover of calls between call centers in response to a real or perceived emergency is described. In the following description specific details are set forth, such as device types, system configurations, communication methods, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, persons having ordinary skill in the arts will appreciate that these specific details may not be needed to practice the present invention.  
         [0014]     According to one embodiment of the present invention, a call center includes an ACD system that responds to an emergency signal by automatically notifying all callers that the call center is currently experiencing an emergency and informing them that their call will be re-routed to another agent. The notification may be by way of an IVR script message either sent by the call center in the emergency state or dispatched from a central call center authority. The ACD system then performs a bulk transfer to forward each of the active calls (i.e., those currently with an agent; not in queue) to another call center located in a different geographic region beyond the range of the emergency. An agent at the new call center then resumes communications with the caller. The present invention thus provides survivability of calls during an emergency without compromising customer satisfaction.  
         [0015]      FIG. 1  is circuit schematic block diagram of an exemplary call center  10  in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. Call center  10  includes an ACD  11  coupled with a plurality of agents  13 , a memory  15 , a supervisor workstation  14 , an optional video display unit (VDU)  12 , and an input/output (I/O) system  16 . ACD  11  is configured to receive and service calls from a variety of sources across different communication media via I/O system  16 , which interfaces with network devices external to call center  10 . ACD  11  may also receive a variety of different external signals, such as an emergency notification signal (packet) from an IP-based emergency response system (ERS), via I/O system  16 . In one embodiment, I/O system  16  is also configured with circuitry for receiving wireless communication signals, which wireless signals may include an emergency notification signal.  
         [0016]     It is appreciated that the ACD system shown in  FIG. 1  typically includes a processor subsystem comprising one or more processors coupled with various software modules that may be also implemented in firmware or some combination of hardware/software elements. Commonly included is a historical reporting module that operates to build up the call history as it develops for use by the various agents during the call center session. The software modules may also optionally include code for generating a visual user interface for a caller communicating with the call center via a personal computer.  
         [0017]      FIG. 2  is a diagram of an IP-based call center system  20  according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein a plurality of geographically distributed call centers  21 - 24  are interconnected via an IP network  30 . For example, call centers  21 - 24  are shown being located in New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, and San Francisco, respectively. The call center system of  FIG. 2  is typically configured in a hierarchical manner such that one of the call centers (e.g., call center  22 ) functions as a central authority that operates to dispatch incoming service calls to the various call centers. In the example of  FIG. 2 , incoming calls may be received across IP network  30  directly from a voice-over-IP (VoIP) phone  33 , or from traditional time-division multiplexing (TDM) device  34  connected to IP network  30  via a VoIP gateway  29 . Incoming calls are usually placed in queue by the central dispatching authority before being routed to one of the call centers  21 - 24 .  
         [0018]      FIG. 2  also illustrates an emergency response system  28  providing an emergency notification signal  27  to the ACD associated with call center  24  across IP network  30 . Signal  27  typically comprises a data packet sent to a call center in a particular geographic region in response to a real or perceived emergency affecting the local call center. ERS  28  may or may not be located in the same geographic location as call center  24 . In this example, ERS  28  may be alerted to an emergency condition (e.g., fire, earthquake, etc.) impacting the call center location in a variety of ways. National weather service reports, news alerts, and third party telephone calls are just some of the ways that ERS  28  may become aware of a real or perceived emergency. Regardless of the manner that it is alerted to an emergency, ERS  28  responds by issuing a signal  27  to affected call center  24 . Call center  24 , in turn, responds to signal  27  by placing the entire call center in an emergency state, as illustrated in the flock diagram of  FIG. 3  (discussed in more detail below).  
         [0019]     It should be understood that ERS  28  may be integrated as part of the same enterprise or business entity providing call service through call centers  21 - 24 , or, alternatively, ERS  28  may be a separate, third party servicing entity. In addition, emergency notification signal  27  need not be provided via IP network  30 ; rather, signal  27  may comprise a variety of different communication signal types (e.g., PSTN) that the call center is capable of receiving. Another alternative is to provide an emergency notification signal via a wireless network from a wireless alarm unit  25  that transmits directly to the ACD of call center  24 . For instance, such an emergency alarm box unit may be provided outside of the call center building. The alarm may be triggered by an employee of the call center before or after evacuation of the building due an emergency. Like signal  27 , the wireless alarm signal provided by unit  25  immediately places call center  24  in an emergency state.  
         [0020]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart diagram that illustrates a method of operation according to one embodiment of the present invention. The process begins with the occurrence of the event giving rise to the real or perceived emergency (block  41 ). Upon learning of the emergency event, ERS  28  sends an emergency notification signal (i.e., signal  27 ) to the call center. This is shown happening at block  42 . In certain cases, more than one call center may be affected by the emergency, resulting in the issuance of multiple emergency notification signals.  
         [0021]     The ACD responds to the emergency notification signal by placing the entire call center in an emergency state (block  43 ), which, in one embodiment, initiates the following sequence of events. First, an IVR system associated with the ACD of the affected call center immediately plays out an voice script notifying all active callers (i.e., those currently communicating with agents) that the call center is now in an emergency state, and that their call will be automatically re-routed to another agent in a different call center (block  44 ). Alternatively, the IVR may be played out by the central dispatching authority responsible for re-routing of the calls. In this latter embodiment, the central authority may be notified of the emergency state by a message sent from the call center experiencing the emergency condition, or directly from the ERS.  
         [0022]     After all of the active callers have been notified of the emergency state, a bulk transfer of each of the active callers to another call center occurs (block  45 ). The bulk transfer of active calls may be accomplished in several ways. One way is for the affected call center to perform the transfer of each of the active calls itself. Basically, this involves the ACD of the call center executing code that results in forwarding of each call to another call center, or to a central call dispatching authority which then handles the transfer to another call center. It is appreciated that all of the callers may not necessarily be transferred to the same call center. That is, each of the callers could be transferred to different call centers. As stated previously, another alternative is to have the affected call center send a message to the central call center authority, which can then perform the bulk transfer of all calls to other call centers. This latter embodiment might result in potentially fewer lost calls due to the fact that the impending disaster associated with the emergency may result in total loss of all connections to the call center before call forwarding can be completed. Regardless of the manner that the bulk transfer is accomplished, the call center will remain in the emergency (shut-down) state until the emergency passes and the center is reset to once again receive calls.  
         [0023]     It should be understood that elements of the present invention may also be provided as a computer program product which may include a machine-readable medium having stored thereon instructions which may be used to program a computer (e.g., a processor or other electronic device) to perform a sequence of operations. Alternatively, the operations may be performed by a combination of hardware and software. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, floppy diskettes, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnet or optical cards, propagation media or other type of media/machine-readable medium suitable for storing electronic instructions. For example, elements of the present invention may be downloaded as a computer program product, wherein the program may be transferred from a remote computer or telephonic device to a requesting process by way of data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium via a communication link (e.g., a modem or network connection).  
         [0024]     Additionally, although the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, numerous modifications and alterations are well within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.