Abstract:
What is described is a blow-molding machine for plastic containers, comprising a plurality of platens for supporting blow mold halves, wherein at least two of the platens are in the form of movable multi-carriers for simultaneously supporting at least two blow mold halves which are assigned to different blow-molding cavities. Since the multi-carriers are driven in such a manner that at least one of the blow-molding cavities can be opened and at the same time at least one other of the blow-molding cavities can be closed by means of a continuous movement of the multi-carriers, acceleration and deceleration ramps can be reduced upon opening and closing and it is possible to gain process time for the blow molding.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application is the United States national phase of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2012/058898, filed May 14, 2012, which application claims priority of German Application No. 102011079077.2, filed Jul. 13, 2011. The priority application, DE 102011079077.2, is incorporated herein by reference. 
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The present disclosure relates generally to a blow-molding machine for plastic containers, and more specifically, to a blow-holding machine with a plurality of mold carries for blow mold halves, at least two of the mold carriers being movable multicarriers for simultaneously carrying at least two blow mold halves that are associated with different blow mold cavities. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Several blow-molding stations with blow molds are known to be provided on blow-molding machines for plastic containers, where the blow molds comprise at least two blow mold halves that are opened for inserting a preform and for removing the fully blow-molded container and are closed for blow-molding the container. Two blow mold halves are commonly provided that have a parting plane passing through the main axis of the container to be blow-molded and that can be opened and closed using a swivel mechanism. The blow mold halves associated with a blow mold cavity are mounted on a common mold carrier and must first be accelerated for opening and again decelerated prior to reaching the open position. Similarly, the blow mold halves have to again be accelerated for closing and again decelerated prior to reaching the closed position. 
     Process time is consumed for the associated acceleration and deceleration ramps, i.e. for the duration of the acceleration and deceleration phases, and comparatively complex drive control is required for the blow mold halves. 
     EP 1 226 017 B1 proposes an improved blow-molding machine, but radially movable holding arms for the mold carriers are proposed for increasing capacity, the implementation and motion coordination of which is complex. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The object of the present disclosure is to provide a blow-molding machine in which less process time is consumed for opening and closing the blow mold cavities and in which the drive for the blow mold halves can be simplified. 
     This object is satisfied with a blow-molding machine in which the multi-carriers are driven such that at least one of the blow mold cavities can be opened with a continuous motion of the multi-carrier and simultaneously at least one other of the blow mold cavities can be closed. As a result the multi-carriers can be continuously moved relative to the other mold carriers and/or a common machine body, for example, between two end positions in which other blow mold cavities are respectively opened and closed. A continuous motion phase therebetween allows simultaneous opening and closing with the least possible number of acceleration and deceleration ramps. It therefore enables realizing combined motion sequences for closing and opening several blow mold cavities with minimal input of energy and time. Suitable drives can be realized with, for example, servo motors and/or cam controls. It is crucial to have a continuous relative motion between the mold carriers in which an interruption during loading of the preforms and removal of the blow-molded containers, such as bottles, is avoided. 
     During the continuous motion, accelerations and decelerations of the mold carrier can occur. In particular, the derivative of the function of the distance traveled over time during the motion of the mold carrier from opening a cavity to closing another cavity always has the same sign, with the exception of the two end positions in which the derivative of the function equals zero. The reference system for this is either the machine frame or, if the mold carriers are arranged on a rotating blowing wheel, the blowing wheel. 
     In a favorable embodiment, at least one mold carrier is mounted linearly displaceable to simultaneously close a first set of blow mold cavities and to open a second set of blow mold cavities. Stationary blow-molding machines with particularly efficient use of process time can thereby be realized. For example, the mold carriers can be arranged linearly in a row to move every second mold carrier respectively in the same direction towards an adjacent mold carrier and away from the other adjacent mold carrier. 
     The mold carriers are preferably rotatably mounted so as to simultaneously close a first set of blow mold cavities and to open a second set of blow mold cavities. The continuous opening and closing of blow mold cavities by rotating or pivoting the mold carriers can be implemented in a particularly simple manner in terms of design-engineering. The first and second set of blow mold cavities can be composed of any number of blow mold cavities. It is also possible that only a single blow mold cavity is respectively opened and only a single further blow mold cavity is closed at the same time. 
     In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the mold carriers are designed as double carriers for carrying two blow mold halves facing away from each other. In this manner, a combined and continuous motion for opening a blow mold cavity and for closing at least one further blow mold cavity can be performed in a particularly simple manner. By moving the double carrier in the direction of a further mold carrier, a blow mold cavity between said mold carrier and the double carrier can be closed. At the same time, a blow mold cavity between the second blow mold half of the double carrier and a further mold carrier be opened. 
     Preferably, at least one of the mold carriers of the blow-molding machine is stationary. This allows for the reduction of mechanical complexity for opening and closing the blow mold cavity. Stationary is presently understood to mean a stationary arrangement relative to a machine base or frame. Actively operated components, such as valves, motors, and the like can thereby be arranged in a particularly simple manner in the region of the stationary mold carrier. 
     A blowing nozzle is preferably provided at the stationary mold carrier for sealing the container, such as a bottle, from the environment and/or a stretching rod for stretching the preforms in their longitudinal axis and/or a pressure pad for pressing together the blow molds against each other or to compensate for the outwardly acting blowing pressure within the container, respectively. This makes it possible to realize a particularly robust and reliable blow-molding machine. At the same time, the supply of compressed air is simplified. 
     The cavities between two mold carriers can be stationary during the insertion of the preforms to ensure accurate transfers and receptions of preforms or containers, but they can also be moved during the transfer processes to ensure use of the blow-molding machine to capacity. 
     Insertion of the preforms into the cavity can in particular occur in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the blow mold. Thereby, the closing cavity does not need to wait for a lateral insertion, past the blow mold halves. Consequently, the feed system is less dependent on the state of the mold carrier system, which can increase the productivity of the blow-molding machine. Insertion into an already circumferentially closed cavity is therefore also possible. 
     In a particularly advantageous embodiment, at least two of the mold carriers can be moved into a blowing position in which they together close the blow mold cavity. A continuous motion for opening and/or closing further blow mold cavities provided at the blow-molding machine can thus be performed. Process time of the blowing machine can thereby be used particularly efficiently. 
     Preferably, at least two multi-carriers are provided which are independently movable. This allows continuous motion sequences for opening and closing blow molds and for blow-molding the individual containers to be realized in a particularly diverse manner. 
     Preferably, the multi-carriers are mounted on individually driven vehicles that are driven, in particular using magnetic force coupling. Different linear or curved motion sequences when opening, closing and blowing the individual containers can thereby be combined. A magnetic force coupling is particularly suitable for transport systems in which active drive components are provided in rails or the like, and in which the vehicles are equipped with reactive, particularly passive drive components, such as permanent magnets. This enables realizing flexible and modular drive systems. 
     Preferably at least two multi-carriers are provided being firmly coupled together and jointly driven. The number of necessary drive systems can therewith be minimized in order to realize a particularly simple and cost-effective blow-molding machine in terms of design-engineering. For example, servo motors, pneumatic cylinders or linear motors are suitable drives. In particular, the at least two multi-carriers connected to each other do not together form a cavity, but with respective other mold carriers. 
     The blow-molding machine can also be operated in particular in a clean room. Where this is the case, in particular the drives for the transport system or the mold carriers are located outside the clean room. Force transmission devices into the clean room are then shielded using conventional measures such as sealing bellows, rubber seals, hydraulic seals, for example, water locks or vapor barriers. Alternatively, magnetic force transmission devices can be provided that can be arranged within the clean room. 
     In a further advantageous embodiment, the blow mold halves are tilted by 180° relative to each other. This enables a particularly space-saving design and particularly efficient use of process time. In particular a blow mold half with the neck finish being in particular oriented vertically downwardly, and a blow mold half with the neck finish being oppositely oriented, in particular vertically upwardly, are disposed on a multi-carrier. This embodiment is of particular advantage for tapering container shapes, such as conical or pyramidal forms, but can also facilitate feeding or removing preforms or containers because more space is in this manner provided for different grippers of the transport system. 
     When a pressure pad is used, then it is disposed between the mold carrier and the blow mold half. In a multi-mold carrier, it is conceivable to supply all pressure pads with pressure media via one common duct. A valve for connecting the pressure can simultaneously connect the blowing pressure for all blow mold halves. But it is also possible to assign each cavity or blow mold half its own separate valve, in particular if not all blow mold halves simultaneously form a cavity in which a container is blown. In this manner, dead space to be filled with air can be saved for blow mold halves in use. 
     In a further advantageous embodiment, the multi-carrier is formed by at least three blow mold halves and is rotatably mounted and formed in particular as a planet gear for closing the various blow mold cavities. This allows realizing a quasi-continuous mode of operation for a stationary blow-molding machine. 
     A particularly advantageous embodiment of the present disclosure further comprises a locking device for locking the multi-carrier at least one adjacent mold carrier. This allows the motion for opening and closing individual blow mold cavities to be decoupled from a motion sequence for locking the multi-carrier. The locking device according to the present disclosure is in particular suited for alternately locking the multi-carrier at different adjacent mold carriers. Different blow mold cavities can thereby be realized by locking the multi-carrier at different positions. 
     In this, the locking device generates, in particular, a positive-fit connection between two or more mold carriers. It can be formed as a hook, for example, as described in publication EP 1 535 719 B1, as a rotating shaft, as, for example, in publication DE 20007429, or as a conically tapering or beveled, in particular V-shaped casing or clamp encompassing a plurality of mold carrier halves. The lock can be designed such that it counteracts the blowing pressure within the containers by active blockage via an elbow lever and/or an actuator, such as a pneumatic cylinder, constantly acting during the blowing process. 
     Preferably, the blow-molding machine further comprises a transfer device on which double grippers for gripping a preform and a blow-molded container are provided. This makes it possible to transfer both the preforms and the blow-molded container to the blow-molding machine or to remove them therefrom by using a single transfer device, such as a transfer star wheel. Preferably, the double gripper comprises two separately controllable gripper units for gripping the preforms and the blow-molded containers. The transfer motions of the preforms and the blow-molded containers can therewith be decoupled from each other. It is in particular possible to transfer a preform using one gripper unit of the double gripper into an open blow mold cavity and to remove a fully blow-molded container using the second gripper unit of the double gripper from a neighboring opened blow mold cavity. The transfer process can thereby be performed very efficiently, i.e. in a very small range of the machine angle of the blow-molding machine. 
     A transfer device is preferably provided having the gripper for the preforms and/or blow-molded containers mounted on individually driven vehicles. This enables a particularly flexible transfer during the continuous motion of the mold carriers. 
     The drives of the mold carrier system and the transfer system are in particular connected to each other via controls in order to ensure precise coordination of the motions. A control scheme is envisaged in particular in which the time for blow-molding individual containers is not only pre-determined, but controlled for each individual cavity. Sensors, such as pressure sensors and/or flow measuring devices for the blowing air can be provided which monitor completion of a container. 
     In general, it is possible for the blow-molding machine that the containers and/or preforms are continuously transported by the transfer and transport system. During the blowing process, the containers can be continuously transported, in particular on a rotating blowing wheel, or be located in a stationary cavity. Cyclical transportation or blowing can be advantageous in certain embodiments. Mixed forms of transport are also conceivable. 
     In a particularly favorable embodiment, the blow mold halves have mutually corresponding parting planes on which two blow mold halves can be guided to one another and parting planes of the same multi-carrier are arranged parallel to each other so that the associated blow mold halves face away from each other or towards each other at an angle equal to 180°*(x−2)/x, where x denotes the number of blow mold halves per multi-carrier. This equation is true for a number of at least three blow mold halves per multi-carrier. The included angle is formed by the parting planes themselves or imaginary extension lines of the parting planes. With two blow mold halves, the parting planes face in particular away from each other. 
     Preferably, the blow mold halves have parting planes corresponding to each other, on each of which two blow mold halves can be guided to one another, and the blow mold halves are each arranged on the multi-carriers in an unchanged position relative to each other, where, in particular, parting planes of the same multi-carrier each include an angle unequal to zero. 
     On one multi-carrier, any number of blow mold halves can be provided which can form various cavities with other blow mold halves on other carriers. In this, the plane of a blow mold half in which it is united with another blow mold to form a cavity is, following the general parlance, referred to as a parting plane. 
     In a further advantageous embodiment, a plurality of substantially stationary mold carriers are provided in an in particular horizontal plane, where a first set and a second set thereof are spaced apart facing each other. In this, a multi-carrier can be rotatably mounted about an axis that is parallel to this plane, in particular lying in this plane. The multi-carrier is in particular arranged between the two sets of substantially stationary mold carriers and comprises at least a first set of blow molds first forming cavities with the first set of mold carriers and, following half a rotation about the axis, with the second set of mold carriers. A longitudinal axis of the stationary blow molds, being defined substantially by a center line from the neck finish portion to the base of the blow molds, is in particular likewise arranged in this plane. It would also be conceivable to arrange the neck finishes of the blow molds of the first set of substantially stationary mold carriers offset by 180° relative to the neck finishes of the blow molds of the second set of substantially stationary mold carriers. The multi-carrier in particular comprises the same number of blow molds as the sum of the first and second sets of stationary mold carriers in order to simultaneously form cavities together with all blow mold halves during each rotation. The multi-carrier and/or the stationary mold carriers are in particular additionally movable to a small degree in the plane for a final closing of the cavities. This motion can also be performed by a pressure pad. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
       Preferred embodiments are illustrated in the drawing. 
         FIG. 1  shows a schematic cross-section through mold carriers of a stationary blow-molding machine according to a first embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  shows a schematic cross-section through mold carriers of a blow-molding machine of the invention according to a second embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  shows a schematic cross-section through mold carriers of a blow-molding machine of the invention according to a third embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  shows a schematic cross-section through mold carriers of a blow-molding machine of the invention according to a fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  shows a schematic cross-section through mold carriers of a blow-molding machine of the invention according to a fifth embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  shows a schematic cross-section through two mold carriers of a blow-molding machine of the invention according to a sixth embodiment; 
         FIG. 7  shows a schematic cross-section through mold carriers of a blow-molding machine of the invention according to a seventh embodiment; 
         FIG. 8  shows a schematic cross-section through mold carriers of a blow-molding machine of the invention according to an eighth embodiment; 
         FIG. 9  shows a schematic cross-section through a rotary blow-molding machine of the invention according to a ninth embodiment; 
         FIG. 10  shows a schematic cross-section through a rotary blow-molding machine of the invention according to a tenth embodiment; 
         FIG. 11  shows a schematic cross-section through a rotary blow-molding machine of the invention according to an eleventh embodiment; 
         FIG. 12  shows a longitudinal sectional view through a mold carrier according to the invention of a stationary blow-molding machine according to a twelfth embodiment; 
         FIG. 13  shows a longitudinal sectional view through mold carriers of the invention according to a thirteenth embodiment; 
         FIG. 14  shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view through mold carriers of the invention with lifting devices for stretching mandrels and base molds according to a fourteenth embodiment; 
         FIG. 15  shows a schematic plan view onto a blow-molding machine according to the invention with a transfer system for preforms and blow-molded containers according to a fifteenth embodiment; 
         FIG. 16  shows a schematic plan view onto a blow-molding machine according to the invention with a transfer system having double grippers for gripping preforms and blow-molded containers according to a sixteenth embodiment; 
         FIG. 17  shows a schematic plan view onto a double gripper with individually actuatable grippers for preforms and containers according to a seventeenth embodiment; 
         FIG. 18  shows a blow-molding machine according to the invention with a transport system for preforms and blow-molded containers on the basis of individually driven vehicles according to an eighteenth embodiment; 
         FIG. 19  shows a variant of the transport system according to the invention of  FIG. 18  with separate transport paths for the preforms and blow-molded containers according to a nineteenth embodiment; and 
         FIG. 20  shows a schematic representation of the positional relationship between the parting planes of a multi-carrier. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     As  FIG. 1  illustrates, a first, stationary embodiment  1  of the blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure comprises a plurality of non-rotary mold carriers  2  to  4  for carrying blow mold halves  5 . There is furthermore a locking device  6  provided for locking the mold carriers  2  to  4  in a closed position I in which the blow mold halves  5  include blow mold cavities  7 . As  FIG. 1  further illustrates, the locking device  6  can comprise a drive unit  6   a  and a clamp  6   b  that presses the mold carriers  2  to  4  onto each other. The clamp  6   b  is formed such that the blow mold cavities  7  are sealed according to the blowing pressure. For this purpose, for example, wedge surfaces  4   a ,  6   c  or the like can be provided, for example, on mold carriers  3 ,  4  located at the edges and the bracket  6   b.    
       FIG. 1  further shows the mold carriers  2  to  4  in a spread apart position II in which the blow mold cavities  7  are each open. It is further illustrated that, for example, the mold carrier  3  located at the outer edge can be arranged in a stationary manner. As can be further seen from  FIG. 1 , a plurality of mold carriers  2  is designed as double carriers for simultaneously carrying two blow mold halves  5   a ,  5   b , where the blow mold halves  5   a ,  5   b  are allocated to different blow mold cavities  7   a ,  7   b . Accordingly, two different parting planes  8   a ,  8   b  are provided at the double carriers so that the blow mold halves  5   a ,  5   b  of a mold carrier  2  do not have a common parting plane. 
     In contrast to the stationary mold carrier  3 , the double carrier and the mold carrier  4  located at the edge are linearly movable, as indicated in  FIG. 1  by double arrows. The linear motion of the mold carriers  2 ,  4  can be generated, for example, by linear motors or pneumatic cylinders on a stationary machine frame (not shown). Common mechanisms such as elbow levers (not shown) can be used for force transmission However, the mold carriers  2  to  4  could also be mounted on individually driven vehicles, such as carriages and the like, as shall be described in more detail below. 
       FIG. 2  shows a second embodiment  11  of the blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure in a schematic plan view, where the second embodiment  11  is a variant of the first embodiment  1  in which the mold carriers  2  to  4  are moved to and fro between two positions I, III for blowing containers. The mold carriers  3 ,  4  located at the edge are presently formed as being stationary. The mold carriers  2  are formed as double carriers and as being moveable linearly to and fro between the mold carriers  3 ,  4 . In a first position I, the double carriers form blow mold cavities  7  with the first mold carrier  3  located at the edge. In this position, the mold carriers  2 ,  3  are fixed by a locking device  6 —only schematically indicated—when the containers are blow-molded. 
     In a second position designated as III, the double carriers also form blow mold cavities  7  together with the other mold carriers  4  located at the edge. When the containers are blow-molded, the mold carriers  2 ,  4  are fixed by a locking device  6 ′—likewise only schematically indicated. 
     In a motion phase denoted by II, the double carriers are displaced between the mold carriers  3 ,  4  located at the edge. The blow mold cavities  7  formed by the mold carriers  2  to  4  are presently each open so that the preforms can be introduced into the open blow mold cavities  7 . Removal of fully blow-molded containers can also occur in the phase denoted by II, in particular laterally from the gaps between the double carriers  2 . Removal of the fully blow-molded containers can also occur at various intermediate positions. 
     As is shown in  FIG. 3 , a third embodiment  21  is conceivable in which the at least two adjacent mold carriers  2  are jointly moved when a container is blow-molded, i.e. when the blow mold cavity is closed. This is in  FIG. 3  illustrated by way of example at position II for blow mold cavity  7   b . While the blow mold cavities  7   a ,  7   c  are open to introduce, for example, a preform or to remove a blow-molded container, the blow mold cavities  7   b ,  7   d  are closed, so that in each of these a respective container can be blow-molded. In contrast thereto, only the right blow mold cavity  7   d  at position I is open whereas the other blow mold cavities  7   a  to  7   c  are closed, so that, for example, containers can be simultaneously blown therein. 
     It is presently possible to flexibly move individual mold carriers  2  between multiple positions of the mold carriers  2  to  4 , depending on the requirements for blow-molding individual containers. In this, blow mold cavities  7   a  to  7   d  formed between individual mold carriers  2  to  4  can be individually opened, depending on the completion of individual containers, to remove the blow-molded containers and/or to introduce preforms into the open blow mold cavities  7   a  to  7   d.    
     A transfer system (presently not shown) is then preferably designed such that it can receive the fully blow-molded containers at the respective positions of the open blow mold cavity  7   a  to  7   d  when the individual cavities  7   a  to  7   d  are opened. Preforms can also be introduced at the respectively opening blow mold cavities  7   a  to  7   d.    
     As it follows from the oscillating motion shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3  of the mold carrier  2  designed as double carriers, a motion for closing another blow mold cavity  7   a  to  7   d  is performed automatically when opening a blow mold cavity  7   a  to  7   d . In other words, by displacing the double carriers, a continuous motion for simultaneously closing at least one blow mold cavity  7   a  to  7   d  and opening at least one further blow mold cavity  7   a  to  7   d  is performed. It is thereby in particular not necessary to provide separate acceleration and deceleration phases for the blow mold halves  5   a ,  5   b  for opening and closing the blow mold cavities  7   a  to  7   d . Instead, only one respective acceleration and one deceleration is required for opening and closing the blow mold cavities. Accordingly, drive energy and process time for further acceleration and deceleration ramps can be saved. 
     It is generally true for the blow molds shown in  FIGS. 1 to 3 , as for the embodiments described below, that the term blow mold halves does not imply that the blow molds must comprise only two mold parts, i.e. have only a single parting plane  8   a ,  8   b . Instead, the mold carrier shown can be supplemented by 2 to 4 separate base molds which are driven, for example, by a separate lifting mechanism at the appropriate positions against the blow mold halves  5   a ,  5   b  shown. Blowing nozzles and/or stretching rods can also be lowered into the respective blow mold cavities  7   a  to  7   d  or moved out therefrom. 
       FIG. 4  shows a fourth embodiment  31  of the stationary blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure which is a variant of the third embodiment  21 , in which a center mold carrier  32  is additionally formed as a stationary double carrier. In this case, the displaceable mold carrier  2  can be independently moved to and fro between the stationary mold carriers  3 ,  32  and  4 . Also in this case, when displacing the movable mold carrier  2 , a continuous motion for opening one blow mold cavity  7   a  and for closing a further blow mold cavity  7   b  can be performed simultaneously. It is thereby also in this configuration possible to reduce the process time required for decelerating and accelerating the mold carrier  2 . 
     In addition, a first set of blow mold cavities  7   a ,  7   b  can be opened and closed independently of a second set of blow mold cavities  7   c ,  7   d . Different containers can thereby be produced, for example, in sets of blow mold cavities. This means, the blow mold carriers  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  32  can be equipped not only with different blow mold halves  5   a ,  5   b , but blow-molding parameters can be adjusted differently for manufacturing the individual containers. Particularly high flexibility in the container production and reduction of process time can be ensured at the same time. 
     That fifth embodiment  41  of the blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure shown in  FIG. 5  is a variant of the fourth embodiment  31 , which differs therefrom essentially in that the movable mold carriers  42  are fixedly connected to each other and moved to and fro by a common drive  45  between the two end positions. For instance, a servo motor or a linear motor is suited as a drive unit. In this embodiment, the opening and closing times of the respective blow mold cavities  47   a  to  47   d  are coupled to each other. In return, however, a particularly cost-effective drive is possible. 
       FIG. 6  shows a sixth embodiment  51  of the blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure in which double carriers  52  are moved to and fro by 180° by a pivoting motion. In this, a first end position is provided in which the parting planes  58   a  of the double carriers  52  are led together and a second end position in which the oppositely oriented parting planes  58   b  are led together. The second end position is shown in position III in  FIG. 6 . Positions I and II represent intermediate positions in a continuous motion phase between the first end position and the second end position. As  FIG. 6  further illustrates, the mold carriers  52  can roll onto each other in the curved portions  59 . The pivoting motion of the double carrier  52  can be effected, for example, by cam tracks. Preferably a common drive is used for this. Preferably stationary blowing machines can be realized with the sixth embodiment. Here as well, acceleration and deceleration ramps can be reduced. 
       FIG. 7  shows a seventh embodiment  61  of the stationary blowing machine according to the present disclosure in which at least two double carriers  62  are provided that are coupled with each other and with mold carriers  63 ,  64  located at the edges by swivel axles  65 . As indicated in  FIG. 7  by double arrows, the swivel axles  65  can be displaced preferably linearly, whereby the blow mold cavities  67   a  to  67   c  can be continuously opened and closed. This allows an alternative drive variant of the blow-molding machine according to the invention. 
       FIG. 8  schematically shows an eighth embodiment  71  of the blow-molding machine according to the present invention in which multi-carriers  72  are provided that can receive, for example, 4 or 3 blow mold halves  75   a . As further illustrated by  FIG. 8  using the two different positions of the blow-molding machine, the eighth embodiment  71  is based on the principle of a planetary gearing. Accordingly, the multi-carriers  72  are formed as planet gears rotating within a ring gear formed by stationary mold carriers  73  having blow mold halves  75   b . The drive of the multi-carriers  72  is effected via a sun gear (not shown). During rotation of the multi-carriers  72 , movable blow mold halves  75   a  and  75   b  and stationary blow mold halves  75   b  each come to be disposed oppositely and successively form blow mold cavities  77 . The motion phase in between is in turn continuously, so that cavities  77  are closed and opened at the same time. This allows realizing a stationary blow-molding machine having a quasi-continuous mode of operation. Drives and compressed air lines can be provided at the stationary mold carriers  73  with very little equipping effort for the respective blow mold cavities  77 . In a variant of this—not shown—two or more blow mold halves  77  of a multi-carrier  72  could simultaneously made to contact two or more stationary mold carriers  73  to form two or more cavities  77 . The angle of the parting planes between at least two adjacent blow molds  75   a  on a multi-carrier  72  would be the same as the angle between the parting planes of two adjacent stationary blow molds  75   b.    
       FIG. 9  shows a ninth embodiment  81  of the blow-molding machine according to the present invention being designed as rotary machine. Here, a plurality of identical mold carriers  2  are formed as double carriers and arranged circumferentially evenly on a blowing wheel  82 . Furthermore, two adjacent double carriers are each coupled to one another by a common swivel mechanism  83 . Double carriers thus coupled to each other together form a first set of blow mold cavities  87   a . Furthermore, a second set of blow mold cavities  87   b  is formed between two adjacent double carriers not coupled to each other by the swivel mechanism  83 . By continuously pivoting the mold carrier  2  about the respective swivel mechanisms  83 , either the first set of blow mold cavities  87   a  is closed and the second set of blow mold cavities  87   b  is opened, or vice versa Simultaneous opening and closing of blow mold cavities  87   a ,  87   b  can thereby be effected also in this embodiment  81  by a single continuous motion, in this case by using the swivel mechanism  83 . One variant is particularly advantageous in which for every rotation of the blowing wheel  82 , there is a change to opening one set of blow mold cavities  87   a  and closing the other set of blow mold cavities  87   b . This means for continuous rotation of the blowing wheel  82  that during every second rotation, containers are blown in the first set of blow mold cavities  87   a  and fully blow-molded containers are removed from the second set of blowing cavities  87   b  and new preforms are introduced, and vice versa. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a tenth embodiment  91  of the blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure which differs from the ninth embodiment  81  essentially in that circumferentially moving mold carriers  2  and stationary mold carrier  92  alternate. The movable mold carriers  2  are further mounted on a common swivel device  93 . Blow mold cavities  95   a  and  95   c  can, for example, in a first revolution be jointly closed, while blow mold cavities  95   b  located therebetween are opened for removing fully blow-molded containers and feeding preforms. In the subsequent revolution, the previously opened blow mold cavities  95   b  are closed by the swivel device  93 , whereas the previously closed blow mold cavities  95   a ,  95   c  are opened. Opening and closing blow mold cavities  95   a  to  95   c  can also in this case be effected by a continuous pivoting motion of the double carriers with minimal acceleration and deceleration phases. 
       FIG. 11  shows an eleventh embodiment  101  of the blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure, the mode of operation of which corresponds to that of the tenth embodiment. Also in the eleventh embodiment, movable mold carriers  2  and stationary mold carriers  102  are alternately provided as double carriers. The movable double carriers, however, are each preferably mounted on separate swivel devices  103  preferably in the circumferential edge region of the blowing wheel  104 . As further shown in  FIG. 11 , the movable mold carriers  2  and/or the stationary mold carriers  102  can have a trapezoidal cross-section in order to compensate a radial offset between the axis of rotation  104   a  of the blowing wheel  104  and the axis of rotation  103   a  of the swivel device  103 . This reduces the force required for actuation of the swivel device  103 , for example, with the aid of cam tracks. 
     Introducing preforms and removing containers according to the embodiments of  FIGS. 9 ,  10  and  11  can be effected by rotational feed and removal stars—not shown—for example, fixedly disposed in the vicinity of the blowing wheel  82 ,  104  or flexible vehicle systems or other systems suited for transporting containers. In the embodiment with star wheels, several feed as well as removal star are respectively possible distributed on the perimeter of the blowing wheel  82 ,  104 . 
     In the embodiments of  FIGS. 9 ,  10  and  11 , the parting planes in their continuation intersect in particular the axis  104   a  of the blowing wheel  82 ,  104 . 
       FIG. 12  shows a longitudinal sectional view of a twelfth embodiment  111  of a blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure in a stationary embodiment. According thereto, in addition to the movable mold carriers  2 , a base mold  112  is provided for each pair of blow mold halves  5   a ,  5   b  which is mounted linearly displaceable so that it can be displaced together with the double carriers  2 . This, for example, allows realization of the joint motion of adjacent mold carriers  2  when the blow mold cavity  7   b  is closed, as described in the context of the third embodiment  21 . The mold carrier  2  and the base mold  112  are preferably mounted on a stationary machine frame  113 . Therefore, the twelfth embodiment is suited for a linear arrangement of adjacent blow mold cavities  7   a  to  7   d , as has been described for the third embodiment.  FIG. 12  further indicates a fully blow-molded container B as well as a blowing nozzle  114  which can be raised together with the fully blow-molded container B from the blow mold cavity  7   b . The motions are indicated in  FIG. 12  by arrows. The base mold  112  can be fixedly connected to the machine frame  113  when no motion of the closed blow mold cavity  7   b  is required. Here as well, adjacent blow mold cavities are opened and closed simultaneously by continuous motions of the mold carrier  2 . For removing the bottle, the base  112  could also be vertically movable (not shown). 
       FIG. 13  shows a thirteenth embodiment  121  of the mold carrier  122  according to the present disclosure in which two blow mold halves  125   a ,  125   b  are provided tilted by 180° relative to each other. This means, the blow mold cavities are upside down relative to the respective adjacent one. By combination of associated blow mold halves  125   a  and  125   b , every second container B is therefore blown upside down. Blow mold cavities can thereby be arranged adjacently in a particular space-saving manner In this case, two levels for transferring the preforms and the fully blow-molded containers are provided. This can be achieved, for example, with a transfer star in which the grippers are distributed on two levels. The mold carriers  122  can also be continuously moved according to the invention. 
       FIG. 14  shows a fourteenth embodiment of the blow-molding machine  131  according to the present disclosure in which movable mold carriers  132  are provided as a double carriers as well as stationary mold carriers  133  with associated blowing nozzles  134  and stretching rods  135  Furthermore, base molds  136  that can be lowered are provided at the stationary mold carriers  133 . The design of the movable double carriers  132  can thereby be especially simplified. Actively operated and/or pressurized components, such as the stretching rods  135  and the blowing nozzles  134 , can likewise be mounted in a stationary manner. In this, a simplification would also be conceivable in which the stretching rods  135  and/or the blowing nozzles  134  of a mold carrier  133  are raised and lowered by a common drive. The blowing nozzles  134  can in contrast to the illustrated embodiment also be operated separately. It is presently also possible to separately assign a valve block  137  to a cavity or multiple cavities for providing a plurality of blowing pressures and for relieving air. 
     Valves for pressure pads  138  between the mold carrier  133  and the blow mold halves  139  can be accommodated either in the valve blocks  137  or disposed directly at the pressure pads  138 . Associated seals are not shown for reasons of simplicity. The pressure pads  138 , for example, have a larger area than the container to be blown and are subjected to the blow pressure to firmly press the blow mold halves together and to minimize the dividing seam of the container. It is particularly advantageous to have only one pressure pad  138  provided on a mold carrier  133  for two cavities or blow mold halves  139 . 
       FIG. 15  shows a fifteenth embodiment  141  of the blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure in which the mold carriers  2 ,  102  and the swivel device  103  of the eleventh embodiment  101  are combined with a transport device  142  for transporting preforms V and fully blow-molded containers B. The transport device  142  according thereto comprises a rail system  143  and individually driven vehicles  144  on which gripper devices  145  are mounted for gripping preforms V and/or blow-molded containers B. The vehicles  144 , for example, transport carriages, are preferably driven individually so that they can be driven into the regions of individual blow mold cavities  147  as needed. The rail system  143  preferably runs above the blow mold cavities  147 . Preforms V can thereby be introduce in a simple manner from above into the open blow mold cavities. Similarly, the vehicles  144  can for removing fully blow-molded containers B—not shown—be selectively driven to opening cavities  147 . Double clamps  145  can also be provided on the vehicles  144 , as shall be described in greater detail below, in order to both remove fully blow-molded containers B as well as to introduce preforms into emptied blow mold cavities  147 . The transport device  142  could be combined with the other rotary-type blow-molding machines described. The parting planes of the mold carriers  102  and the associated blow molds can presently (not shown) be oriented tangentially to the transport direction of the vehicles  144  thereby facilitating the removal of the containers. Alternatively, also the vehicles  144  can perform respective removal motions with the clamps  145 , in that the clamps  145  are pivoted about an axis. Alternatively, the mold carriers can be provided with cam tracks for these motions with which the clamps  145  interact. 
       FIG. 16  shows a sixteenth embodiment  151  of the blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure, in which a central transfer device  152  in the form of a star wheel having double grippers  153  for transferring the containers B and the preforms V is combined with a blowing wheel  154 . In this, mold carriers according to the invention, for example, as described in the ninth to fourteenth embodiment, can be disposed on the blowing wheel  154 . This is not shown in  FIG. 16  for reasons of simplicity. However, a transport device  155  for feeding and heating preforms V and a further transport device  156  for transporting away the fully blow-molded containers B are indicated. The transport directions are each indicated by arrows. 
       FIG. 17  shows a seventeenth embodiment of the blow-molding machine  161  according to the present disclosure in which double grippers  163  are by way of example combined with the mold carriers  2  of the ninth embodiment  81 . A first gripper unit  163   a  for gripping fully blow-molded containers B and a second gripper unit  163   b  for gripping preforms V are respectively provided at the double grippers  163 . The gripper units  163   a ,  163   b  are each individually controllable by guide rollers  164   a ,  164   b  or other suitable drives, for example, servo motors. For example, a preform V can be introduced into an open or opening blow mold cavity  167   b , while a fully blow-molded container B is removed from an opening or already opened adjacent blow mold cavity. 
       FIG. 18  shows an eighteenth embodiment  171  of the blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure in which the stationary blow-molding machine with continuously linearly movable mold carriers  2  and stationary mold carriers  3 ,  4 ,  21  located at the edge according to the third embodiment is combined with a transport device  172  with individually actuatable grippers  173 . The grippers  173  are mounted, for example, on individually driven vehicles  174  that can be moved by linear drives along a guide device  175 , such as a rail. Preferably, the active drive components, such as linear motor modules, are integrated into the rail system so that the vehicles  174  can be designed as reactive, in particular passive components. 
     The grippers  173  are preferably telescopically extendable from the vehicle  174 . The transport device  172  is preferably flexibly controllable so that positions  174  in the region of the blow mold cavities  7   a  to  7   d  can be approached by the vehicles  174  as needed. For example, it can be determined with sensors—not shown—that a container B is fully blown in order to then drive a vehicle  174  in the region of the associated blow mold cavity. After opening the blow mold cavity, the container can be removed with the gripper  173  and be passed on to a suitable transfer device for onward transportation. In the same manner, preforms V can be specifically transferred to non-loaded blow mold cavities  7   a  to  7   d . In addition or in alternative to telescopic mounting of the grippers  173 , they can be pivotable. The vehicles  174  can be flexibly adapted to the continuous motions during opening and closing of the blow mold cavities  7   a  to  7   d.    
     Two separately actuatable grippers  173  for respectively holding a preform V and a fully blow-molded container B can also be provided in one vehicle  174 . Preferably, the grippers  173  are then separately extendable and/or pivotable relative to the vehicle  174 . 
       FIG. 19  shows a nineteenth embodiment  181  of the blow-molding machine according to the present disclosure which differs from the eighteenth embodiment essentially in that two separate transport systems are provided for the preforms V and the fully blow-molded containers B. The preforms V and the container B can thereby be introduced into the blow mold cavities  7   a  to  7   d  or removed thereform in a particularly flexible manner. 
       FIG. 20  illustrates the position according to the present disclosure of the parting planes  8   a ,  8   b  using a common mold carrier  2 . According thereto, the parting planes  8   a ,  8   b  of a double carrier indicated in  FIG. 20  at the top are preferably disposed parallel and such that the associated blow mold halves face away from each other. With an imaginary superimposition of the parting planes  8   a ,  8   b , each viewed in the direction of the arrow, an angle φ of 180° would thereby be formed between them or, expressed differently for double carriers, formed between the normal vectors Na, Nb of the parting planes  8   a ,  8   b . This would logically result in an angle φ of 0° for the blow mold halves  195   a ,  195   b  arranged in the same direction indicated in a dashed line. 
     For the eighth embodiment  71 , for example, an angle φ of 60° each would result for triple carriers  72  between adjacent parting planes  78   a ,  78   a ′. According thereto, the angle φ can generally for at least three parting planes per multi-carrier be calculated as follows:
 
φ=180°*( x− 2)/ x,  
 
     where x denotes the number of blow mold halves per multi-carrier. 
     The embodiments described can be combined in a technically meaningful way. By combining blow mold halves, being associated with different blow mold cavities, on multi-carriers, motions of opening and closing blow mold cavities can be performed simultaneously and continuously and the number of required acceleration and deceleration ramps for opening and/or closing blow mold cavities can be reduced. Process time for blowing containers can thereby be gained. It is with rotary machines in particular possible to effect transfer of the preforms and the fully blow-molded containers using a single transfer star wheel. Particularly advantageous are double grippers which enable demand-related coordination of the transfer motions to the opening, opened and/or closing blow mold cavities in a separately controllable manner. 
     The present disclosure is not limited to blow-molding machines, but can be used for all machines in which at least two processing elements are infed from different sides to containers or preforms. For example, this is conceivable for so-called “preferential heating”, according to which preforms are for the purpose of tempering touched by two plates. The basic principle for this is disclosed in publication DE 102009021792 A1. The motions of the plates can be performed similarly to those of the mold carriers.