Abstract:
A method for improving video quality of a video stream. The method decodes the video stream and generates subblocks of video data from the video stream. The method then removes effects of subblock boundaries from previous deblocking. Each subblock is then smoothed to create pixel values and optionally, subblocks are merged if a predetermined quality is not achieved from the smoothing analysis. The pixels values are filled into each pixel position in the subblock. The subblocks are deblocked and then at least one subblock is outputted to a rendering device.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/734,602, filed on Dec. 12, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,427,421 issued on Apr. 23, 2013, entitled “OPTION MENU FOR USE WITH A COMPUTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,” which is incorporated herein by reference. This application also relates to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/110,763, filed on Apr. 28, 2008, now abandoned, entitled “OPTION MENU FOR USE WITH A COMPUTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.” 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to an option menu for use with a computer management system. Specifically, the enhanced video display of the present invention combines or organizes multiple video signals to provide a single option menu video display having more colors, more characters, and/or a larger size than traditional option menus. Although the present invention may be utilized in many applications, it is described herein to create an option menu that is incorporated within a computer/server management system. That is, the enhanced video display provides a menu of options (e.g., computers connected to the management system, video display adjustment settings, diagnostics, etc.) that is displayed on a system user&#39;s monitor. The system user then responds to the option menu (i.e., makes a selection) via the user&#39;s keyboard and/or cursor control device. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In a typical computer environment, a Local Area Network (LAN) allows for one or more computer servers to be connected to several computers such that the resources of each server are available to each of the connected computers. In this system, a dedicated keyboard, video monitor, and cursor control device may be employed for each computer and computer server. 
     To maintain proper operation of the LAN, the system administrator must maintain and monitor the individual servers and computers. This maintenance frequently requires the system administrator to perform numerous tasks from the user console located at each server or computer. For example, to reboot a computer or to add or delete files, the system administrator is often required to operate the server or computer from its local user console, which may be located at a substantial distance from the system administrator&#39;s computer. Therefore, to accomplish the task of system administration, the system administrator must often travel far distances to access the local user consoles of remotely located servers and computers. 
     As an alternative, dedicated cables may be installed from each remotely located server and computer to the system administrator&#39;s user console to allow the system administrator to fully access and operate the remote computer equipment. However, such an alternative requires substantial wiring and wire harnessing, both of which may require tremendous cost. Additionally, as the distance between the system administrator&#39;s user console and the remote computer equipment increases, a decrease in the quality of the transmitted signal often results. Thus, utilizing dedicated cables between the system administrator&#39;s user console and remote computer equipment is often not a feasible alternative. 
     Space is also an important concern for many networked computer environments, especially large-scale operations such as data-centers, server-farms, web-hosting facilities, and call-centers. These environments typically require space to house a keyboard, video monitor, and cursor control device for each piece of computer equipment and for all of the wiring required to connect and power these components. As more equipment is added to a computer network, it becomes more probable that the space required for the equipment and associated cabling will exceed the space allotted for the network. Therefore, network architecture, equipment size, and available space are important issues when designing an effective computer network environment. 
     One method of reducing the amount of space required to house a computer network is to eliminate any equipment (i.e., keyboard, video monitor, cursor control device, etc.) that is not essential for proper operation of the computer network. Elimination of this equipment also eliminates the wiring associated with such equipment. This equipment and its associated wiring may be eliminated if a system administrator is able to access the remote computers from one user console, thereby eliminating the dedicated equipment and its associated wiring. Elimination of this unnecessary equipment decreases the amount of space required for computer network environments. 
     A keyboard, video monitor, and mouse (“KVM”) switching system may be utilized to allow one or more user workstations to select and control any one of a plurality of remote computers via a central switching unit. Such systems are well known in the art and have been used by system administrators for at least 10 years. Specifically, a KVM switching system allows a system user to control a remote computer using a local user workstation&#39;s keyboard, video monitor, and cursor control device as if these local devices were directly connected to the remote computer. In this manner, a system user may access and control a plurality of remote computers, such as servers, from a single location (i.e., the location of the user workstation). The system user may select a specific remote computer to access or control using any one of a variety of methods known in the art. For example, the computer management system component can include an array of buttons where each button corresponds with the desired remote computer. Alternatively, a user can select the computer from a list displayed on a computer management system component&#39;s LCD or LED display, press one or more hot keys on the local user workstation&#39;s keyboard (e.g., F1, ALT-F1, F2, etc.), select the remote computer from a list displayed on the user workstation&#39;s monitor by pointing to it or scrolling to it using the user workstation&#39;s keyboard and/or cursor control device, etc. 
     The following references, which are discussed below, were found to relate to the field of computer management systems: Asprey U.S. Pat. No. 5,257,390 (“Asprey &#39;390 patent”), Asprey U.S. Pat. No. 5,268,676 (“Asprey &#39;676 patent”), Asprey U.S. Pat. No. 5,353,409 (“Asprey &#39;409 patent), Perholtz et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,732,212 (“Perholtz”), Chen U.S. Pat. No. 5,978,389 (“Chen &#39;389 patent”), Chen U.S. Pat. No. 6,119,148 (“Chen &#39;148 patent”), Fujii et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,138,191 (“Fujii”), Beasley U.S. Pat. No. 6,345,323 (“Beasley”), and Wilder et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,557,170 (“Wilder”). 
     The Asprey &#39;390 patent, filed on Jul. 26, 1991 and issued on Oct. 26, 1993, discloses an extended range communications link for coupling a computer to a mouse, keyboard, and/or video monitor located remotely from the computer. The end of the link that is coupled to the computer has a first signal conditioning network (i.e., a network of circuitry that dampens the ringing and reflections of the video signals and biases them to a predetermined voltage level) that conditions the keyboard, video monitor and mouse signals. Conditioning the video monitor signals includes reducing their amplitude in order to minimize the “crosstalk” induced on the conductors adjacent to the video signal conductors during transmission of the video signals. This first signal conditioning network is coupled to an extended range cable having a plurality of conductors that transmits the conditioned signals, power, and logic ground potentials to a second signal conditioning network (i.e., a network of circuitry that terminates the video signals using a voltage divider and amplifies them), which restores the video signals to their original amplitude and outputs them to a video monitor. 
     The Asprey &#39;676 patent, filed on Mar. 5, 1990 and issued on Dec. 7, 1993, discloses a communications link for use between a computer and a display unit, such as a video monitor, that allows these two components to be located up to three hundred (300) feet apart. An encoder located at the computer end of the communications link receives analog red, green, and blue signals from the computer and inputs each signal to a discrete current amplifier that modulates the signal current. Impedance matching networks then match the impedance of the red, green and blue signals to the impedance of the cable and transmit the signals to discrete emitter-follower transistors located at the video monitor end of the cable. Thereafter, these signals are amplified prior to inputting them to the video monitor. Concurrently, the horizontal synchronization signal is inputted to a cable conductor and its impedance is not matched to the impedance of the cable, thereby allowing the conductor to attenuate the horizontal synchronization signal and reduce noise radiation. 
     The Asprey &#39;409 patent, filed on Jul. 19, 1990 and issued on Oct. 4, 1994, discloses an extended range communications link for transmitting transistor-transistor logic video signals from a local computer to a video monitor located up to a thousand feet (1,000) from the computer. The link includes a first signal conditioning circuit (i.e., a circuit that reduces the amplitude of the video signals, biases them to a selected potential, and applies them to discrete conductors of an extended cable) located at the computer end of the link for conditioning the received signals and transmitting them via the extended cable to a second signal conditioning circuit. The second signal conditioning circuit (i.e., a circuit that utilizes a threshold or pair of thresholds to effect reconstruction of the video signals prior to applying the signals to a video monitor) receives the transmitted video signals prior to inputting them to the video monitor. According to the Asprey &#39;409 patent, performance of this process reduces the appearance of high frequency video noise on the keyboard clock conductor of the transmission cable, thereby preventing keyboard errors. 
     Perholtz, filed on Jan. 13, 1994 and issued on Mar. 24, 1998, discloses a method and apparatus for coupling a local user workstation, including a keyboard, mouse, and/or video monitor, to a remote computer. Perholtz discloses a system wherein the remote computer is selected from a menu displayed on a standard size personal computer video monitor. Upon selection of a remote computer by the system user, the remote computer&#39;s video signals are transmitted to the local user workstation&#39;s video monitor. The system user may also control the remote computer utilizing the local user workstation&#39;s keyboard and monitor. The Perholtz system is also capable of bi-directionally transmitting mouse and keyboard signals between the local user workstation and the remote computer. The remote computer and the local user workstation may be connected either via the Public Switched Telephone System (“PSTN”) and modems or via direct cabling. 
     The Chen &#39;389 patent, filed on Mar. 12, 1998 and issued on Nov. 2, 1999, discloses a device for multiplexing the video output of a plurality of computers to a single video monitor. The system includes three sets of switches for receiving the red, green, and blue components of the video signals from each computer. To select the video output of a specific computer for display on the video monitor, a user inputs two video selecting signals into a control signal generating circuit. Depending upon the inputted video selecting signals, the control signal generating circuit produces an output signal corresponding to the selected video output. Thereafter, a control signal is generated that indexes the three sets of switches to switch the video signals being output by the desired computer to the single video monitor. The three sets of switches transfer the incoming video signals to three sets of switch circuits and current amplifying circuits that provide input and output impedance matching, respectively. The tuned video signals are then displayed on the single video monitor. 
     The Chen &#39;148 patent, filed on Jul. 29, 1998 and issued on Sep. 12, 2000, discloses a video signal distributor that receives, processes, and distributes video signals received from one or more computers to a plurality of video monitors. The video signal distributor includes three transistor-based, voltage-amplifying circuits to individually amplify the red, green and blue video signals received from each computer prior to transmitting these signals to a video monitor. The video signal distributor also includes a synchronization signal buffering device that receives horizontal and vertical synchronization signals from each computer and generates new synchronization signals based upon the quantity of video signals that are output to the video monitors. 
     Fujii, filed on Feb. 10, 1998 and issued on Oct. 24, 2000, discloses a system for selectively operating a plurality of computers that are connected to one common video monitor. The Fujii system includes a data input device for entering data in any one of the plurality of connected computers. The system also includes a main control circuit, which is connected to the data input device, and a selection circuit for providing the entered data and receiving the video signals from the selected computer. A user selects a remote computer by supplying the command code associated with the desired remote computer utilizing the keyboard and/or mouse. A selection circuit receives the inputted commands and identifies the selected computer. The selection circuit then sends a signal indicative of the selected remote computer to a main control circuit, which provides communication between the keyboard, video monitor, and mouse and the selected remote computer. 
     Similar to Perholtz, Beasley, filed on Jun. 9, 2000 and issued on Feb. 5, 2002, discloses a specific implementation of a computerized switching system for coupling a local keyboard, mouse and/or video monitor to one of a plurality of remote computers. In particular, a first signal conditioning unit includes an on-screen programming circuit that displays a list of connected remote computers on the local video monitor. To activate the menu, a user depresses, for example, the “print screen” key on the local keyboard. The user selects the desired computer from the list using the local keyboard and/or mouse. 
     According to Beasley, the on-screen programming circuit requires at least two sets of tri-state buffers, a single on-screen processor, an internal synchronization generator, a synchronization switch, a synchronization polarizer, and overlay control logic. The first set of tri-state buffers couples the red, green, and blue components of the video signals received from the remote computer to the video monitor. That is, when the first set of tri-state buffers are energized, the red, green, and blue video signals are passed from the remote computer to the local video monitor through the tri-state buffers. When the first set of tri-state buffers are not active, the video signals from the remote computer are blocked. Similarly, the second set of tri-state buffers couples the outputs of the single on-screen processor to the video monitor. When the second set of tri-state buffers is energized, the video output of the on-screen programming circuit is displayed on the local video monitor. When the second set of tri-state buffers is not active, the video output from the on-screen programming circuit is blocked. Alternatively, if both sets of tri-state buffers are energized, the remote computer video signals are combined with the video signals generated by the on-screen processor prior to display on the local video monitor. 
     The on-screen programming circuit disclosed in Beasley also produces its own horizontal and vertical synchronization signals. To dictate which characters are displayed on the video monitor, the CPU sends instructional data to the on-screen processor. This causes the on-screen processor to retrieve characters from an internal video RAM for display on the local video monitor. 
     The overlaid video image produced by the on-screen processor, namely a Motorola MC141543 on-screen processor, is limited to the size and quantity of colors and characters that are available with the single on-screen processor. In other words, the Beasley system is designed to produce an overlaid video that is sized for a standard size computer monitor (i.e., not a wall-size or multiple monitor type video display) and is limited to the quantity of colors and characters provided by the single on-screen processor. 
     During operation of the Beasley system, a remote computer is chosen from the overlaid video display. Thereafter, the first signal conditioning unit receives keyboard and mouse signals from the local keyboard and mouse and generates a data packet for transmission to a central cross point switch. The cross point switch routes the data packet to the second signal conditioning unit, which is coupled to the selected remote computer. The second signal conditioning unit then routes the keyboard and mouse command signals to the keyboard and mouse connectors of the remote computer. Similarly, video signals produced by the remote computer are routed from the remote computer through the second signal conditioning unit, the cross point switch, and the first signal conditioning unit to the local video monitor. The horizontal and vertical synchronization video signals received from the remote computer are encoded on one of the red, green or blue video signals. This encoding reduces the quantity of cables required to transmit the video signals from the remote computer to the local video monitor. 
     Wilder, filed on May 5, 1998 and issued on Apr. 29, 2003, discloses a keyboard, video monitor, mouser and power (“KVMP”) switching system having an on screen display circuit that provides a visual means for accessing the KVMP switch. A first set of switching circuits coupled to a plurality of computers and the on screen display circuit allows a user to access and control any of the remote computers using a local keyboard, video monitor, and mouse. A second set of switching circuits coupled to the power supply of each remote computer and the on screen display circuit allows a user to control the electrical power to each remote computer. To select a remote computer using the Wilder system, a user activates the on-screen display by entering a “hot key” with either the keyboard and/or mouse. Initially, the on-screen display prompts the user to enter a username and password. After the user is verified, the user is provided a list of all attached remote computers. The user utilizes the local keyboard and mouse to select and control the power supply of the desired remote computer. Wilder incorporates a single on-screen processor for generation of the list of remote computers. 
     In view of the foregoing, a need clearly exists for a computer management system that is compatible with both standard size video monitors (e.g., monitors ranging from 13″ to 21″) and larger than standard size video monitors. In addition, a need clearly exists for a computer management system that provides an option menu that contains more characters and/or more colors than those available with a single on-screen processor. There is also a need for a computer management system having an option menu that provides greater flexibility and definition for identifying options and connected computers. Furthermore, there is a need for a computer management system that provides an option menu having a large quantity of available colors, which may be used to color code connected computers or options for purposes such as identifying the general location of each connected computer (e.g., connected computers having a blue description are located in Quadrant 1, connected computers having a green description are located in Quadrant 2, etc.). Furthermore, there exists a need for a computer management system that provides an option menu that allows the system user to choose the desired mode of operation (e.g., larger video display, more colors, more characters, etc.). Also, a need exists for a computer management system that provides an option menu that allows the system user to choose the size of the video monitor that is connected to the local user workstation. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is often convenient to control one or more connected computers from one local set of peripheral devices (i.e., keyboard, video monitor, cursor control device, etc.). Since the majority of computers in use today incorporate or are designed to be compatible with commonly known and used computer technologies (e.g., IBM, Apple, Sun, etc.), many computers use identical or similar electrical connectors to connect peripheral devices. Also, a computer typically contains a dedicated electrical connector for each type of peripheral device to which the computer is connected. Generally, the cables that connect such peripheral devices to the respective electrical connector are approximately six (6) feet in length, thereby limiting the distance from the computer at which the peripheral devices may be located. Alternatively, the devices may communicate wirelessly, however, the wireless signal similarly degrades as distance between the computer and the devices increases. 
     In many circumstances, it is desirable to separate the peripheral devices from the computer due to space constraints. However, one skilled in the art may readily appreciate that separating a computer from its peripheral devices by substantial distances is likely to increase cabling costs. In addition, signals such as cursor control device, keyboard, video, or audio signals degrade when transmitted over distances greater than fifteen (15) feet resulting in decreased reliability of keyboard and cursor control device commands, and lower quality video and audio output. This degradation occurs for a few reasons including the induction of “noise”, such as “crosstalk”, between adjacent conductors and an increase in the impedance of the signal transmission. 
     In addition to extending the distance between a computer and its peripheral devices, it is also convenient to access and operate more than one computer from a single set of peripheral devices. Again, this feature is desirable when space is limited, or when a large number of computers need to be administered. The use of only one set of peripheral devices to control multiple computers eliminates the space required to house a dedicated set of peripheral devices for each computer to be accessed and controlled. Furthermore, an increase in maintenance efficiency is realized if a system administrator can maintain multiple computers from a single set of peripheral devices. For example, the system administrator no longer must travel to each computer that requires maintenance. 
     The present invention provides a computer management system having an option menu that facilitates accessing and controlling connected computers. This option menu allows, for example, a system administrator to select a connected computer, enter video signal tuning calibration information, gather network diagnostics, program computer management system components, etc. The option menu is activated by entering predetermined keyboard and/or cursor control device commands. Upon choosing the option of selecting a connected computer, a sub-menu of connected computers is displayed on the user workstation&#39;s monitor that includes all connected computers. The system administrator may then scroll the sub-menu or access a further sub-menu to select the desired connected computer. 
     The option menu of the computer management system of the present invention can have a larger overall size (i.e., it is visible on a larger screen) and/or contain more colors and more characters than the typical video display provided by a single on-screen display integrated circuit (“OSD IC”). The option menu of the present invention is compatible with both standard size video monitors (e.g., monitors ranging from 13″ to 21″ in size) and larger monitors. Monitor size is simply selected by the system user via the option menu. In addition, the larger quantity of available characters and/or colors provides greater flexibility and definition in identifying options and in identifying and selecting connected computers. 
     The option menu is generated by a plurality of OSD ICs. The video outputs of the OSD ICs can be combined or strategically organized to produce an option menu having a larger size, more colors, and/or a greater number of characters than is possible with a single OSD IC. In the preferred embodiment, a first set of OSD ICs is utilized to create the option menu, and a second set of OSD ICs is utilized to create a video image that represents the cursor. A software algorithm executed by a system level IC works in conjunction with minimal circuitry to combine and/or strategically organize the video outputs of the first and second sets of OSD ICs to provide the option menu and cursor video signals. 
     The computer management system of the present invention may be utilized to provide compatibility between various operating systems and/or communication protocols. The present invention allows the same set of local peripheral devices to access connected computers executing a variety of operating systems and protocols, including but not limited to, those manufactured by Microsoft Corporation (“Microsoft”) (Windows), Apple Computer, Inc. (“Apple”) (Macintosh), Sun Microsystems, Inc. (“Sun”) (Unix), Digital Equipment Corporation (“DEC”), Compaq Computer Corporation (“Compaq”) (Alpha), International Business Machines (“IBM”) (RS/6000), Hewlett-Packard Company (“HP”) (HP9000), and SGI (formerly “Silicon Graphics, Inc.”) (“IRIX”). 
     Additionally, local devices such as a keyboard and cursor control device may communicate with the local user workstation using a variety of protocols including, but not limited to Universal Serial Bus (“USB”), American Standard Code for information Interchange (“ASCII”), and Recommend Standard-232 (“RS-232”). 
     A variety of cabling mechanisms may be used to connect the local user workstations and the connected computers to the computer management system of the present invention. Preferably, the present invention incorporates a single Category 5 Universal Twisted Pair (“CAT 5”) cable to connect each user terminal (“UST”)(i.e., the computer management system component that connects the keyboard, video monitor, and cursor control device of the local user workstation to the computer management system of the present invention) and each computer interface module (“CIM”)(i.e., the computer management system component that connects the connected computer to the computer management system of the present invention) to the matrix switching unit (“MSU”) of the computer management system of the present invention. However, other cabling or wireless communications may be used without departing from the spirit of the present invention. 
     Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved computer management system containing an option menu that may be larger and/or contain more colors and characters than is standardly available. 
     Further, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved computer management system having an option menu that operates in any one of multiple modes, wherein the modes of operation allow a system user to select the size, quantity of characters, and quantity of colors for the option menu based upon the user&#39;s preferences and/or the size of the video monitor connected to the local user workstation. 
     Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to facilitate identification of each computer connected to the computer management system by allowing information technology (“IT”) personnel to designate lengthier names displayed in the option menu for each connected computer to more adequately describe each connected computer. 
     It is still a further object of the present invention to provide greater organizational flexibility by allowing IT personnel to color code computer names displayed in the option menu to facilitate grouping of computers connected to the computer management system. 
     Other objects, features, and characteristics of the present invention, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of the structure, and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A further understanding of the present invention can be obtained by reference to a preferred embodiment set forth in the illustrations of the accompanying drawings. Although the illustrated embodiment is merely exemplary of systems for carrying out the present invention, both the organization and method of operation of the invention, in general, together with further objectives and advantages thereof, may be more easily understood by reference to the drawings and the following description. The drawings are not intended to limit the scope of this invention, which is set forth with particularity in the claims as appended or as subsequently amended, but merely to clarify and exemplify the invention 
       For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic representation of a computer management system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention illustrating the connection of a plurality of user workstations, which each include a keyboard, video monitor, and cursor control device, to multiple connected computers, wherein the system includes a plurality of USTs and CIMs interconnected by at least one MSU. 
         FIG. 2A  is a schematic representation of the preferred embodiment of the internal structure of the UST shown in  FIG. 1 , specifically illustrating the circuitry that allows for the selection of connected computer video signals or option menu video signals for display on the video monitor. 
         FIG. 2B  is a schematic representation of the preferred embodiment of the option menu circuit shown in  FIG. 2A , which generates the option menu and cursor video signals for display on the video monitor. 
         FIG. 2C  is a schematic representation of the preferred embodiment of the tuning circuit shown in  FIG. 2A , which compensates for the amplitude and frequency reduction that occurs during video signal transmission. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic representation of the preferred embodiment of the four modes of operation of the option menu circuit shown in  FIG. 2A  and  FIG. 2B . 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic representation of the MSU shown in  FIG. 1  according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention illustrating a block diagram of the internal structure of the MSU and electrical connectors for CAT 5 cables. 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic representation of the preferred embodiment of the internal structure of the CIM shown in  FIG. 1 , illustrating the connection of the CIM to a connected computer and to an MSU. 
         FIG. 6  is a schematic representation of a data packet used to transmit data in the computer management system according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic representation of an alternate configuration of the computer management system for use with the present invention illustrating connection of sixteen (16) user workstations and multiple connected computers to two MSUs, wherein the alternate embodiment may accommodate as many as thirty-two (32) connected computers. 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic representation of another alternate configuration of the computer management system for use with the present invention illustrating connection of multiple user workstations and multiple connected computers to multiple MSUs, wherein the alternate embodiment may accommodate as many as sixty-four (64) user workstations and ten thousand (10,000) connected computers. 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic representation of an alternate embodiment of the computer management system of the present invention, wherein the computer management system is contained in a single unit that is directly connected to all connected computers and user workstations. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     As required, a detailed illustrative embodiment of the present invention is disclosed herein. However, techniques, systems and operating structures in accordance with the present invention may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and modes, some of which may be quite different from those in the disclosed embodiment. Consequently, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative, yet in that regard, they are deemed to afford the best embodiment for purposes of disclosure and to provide a basis for the claims herein, which define the scope of the present invention. The following presents a detailed description of the preferred embodiment (as well as some alternative embodiments) of the present invention. 
     Referring first to  FIG. 1 , depicted is the architecture of the preferred computer management system in accordance with the present invention. Specifically, a modular, intelligent, computer management system is shown including a centrally located MSU  112 , multiple USTs  108  connected to keyboards  102 , video monitors  104 , and cursor control devices  106 , and multiple CIMs  116  connected to connected computers  118 . Each UST  108  and CIM  116  is connected to MSU  112  via communication link  110  and communication link  114 , respectively. 
     Although single CAT 5 cabling is the preferred cabling for use with the present invention, other cabling may be used, such as coaxial, fiber optic or multiple CAT 5 cables, depending on the specific needs of the system user. CAT 5 cabling is preferred because it reduces cabling cost while maintaining the strength of the signals that are transmitted over extended distances. Additionally, the use of single CAT 5 cabling minimizes the space required to house the computer system and its associated wiring. 
     Individual CAT 5 cables may be used for connection of each UST  108  and each CIM  116  to MSU  112 . Conventional CAT 5 cables include four (4) twisted pair of wires. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, three (3) of these twisted pair are utilized for the transmission of video signals. Each of the three (3) twisted pair transmits one of the three video color signals (i.e., red, green or blue). To allow all video signals to be transmitted via only three (3) twisted pair, the horizontal and vertical synchronization signals, which would otherwise each require their own twisted pair, are individually encoded on one of the red, green, or blue video signals. That is, each synchronization signal is encoded on its own, dedicated color signal. For example, the vertical synchronization signal may be encoded on the blue video signal while the horizontal synchronization signal may be encoded on the green video signal. All other non-video signals such as keyboard, cursor control device, and audio signals, are transmitted on the fourth twisted pair cable. 
     The single CAT 5 cables are connected to UST  108 , MSU  112 , and CIM  116  by plugging each end into a RJ-45 connector located on these respective components. Although RJ-45 connectors are preferred, other types of connectors may be used, including but not limited to RJ-11, RG-58, RG-59, British Naval Connector (“BNC”), and ST connectors. 
     As depicted in  FIG. 1 , the connected computer management system includes local user workstations  100 , each preferably comprising dedicated peripheral devices such as keyboard  102 , video monitor  104 , and/or cursor control device  106 . Other peripheral devices may also be located at workstation  100 , such as printers, scanners, video camera biometric scanning devices, microphones, etc. Each peripheral device is directly or indirectly (i.e., through another component) connected to UST  108 , which is attached to MSU  112  via communication link  110 . Of course, wireless peripheral devices may also be used with this system. During operation, all electronic signals received at UST  108  from attached peripheral devices are transmitted to MSU  112  via communication link  110 . Thereafter, the signals are transmitted to the desired CIM  116  via another communication link  114 . CIM  116 , which is coupled to a connected computer  118  via communication link  120 , transmits the received signals to the respective ports of connected computer  118 . 
     Each UST  108  incorporates the option menu circuit of the in accordance with the present invention that enables a user to access and control a connected computer via an option menu displayed on the local user workstation&#39;s video monitor. For example, if a user wishes to connect to a specific connected computer  118 , the user may first enter a series of keyboard and/or cursor control device commands to cause UST  108  to produce the option menu on video monitor  104 . This option menu, as discussed in detail below, lists all connected computers  118 . By utilizing keyboard  102  and cursor control device  106 , the user selects the desired connected computer  118  from the option menu. The user is then provided access to the selected connected computer  118 . The option menu also facilitates system programming and provides information useful for system operation. Furthermore, multiple security features such as passwords, system user histories, etc. may be implemented and operated in conjunction with the option menu. 
     CIM  116  is compatible with all commonly used, present day computer operating systems and protocols, including, but not limited to, those manufactured by Microsoft (Windows), Apple (Macintosh), Sun (Unix), DEC, Compaq (Alpha), IBM (RS/6000), HP (HP9000) and SGI (IRIX). Additionally, local devices such as keyboard  102  and cursor control device  106  may communicate with connected computers via a variety of protocols including Universal Serial Bus (“USB”), American Standard Code for Information Interchange (“ASCII”) and Recommend Standard-232 (“RS-232”). 
     The computer management system of the present invention is scalable and may be configured to connect a large number of user workstations  100  with a large number of connected computers  118 . Preferably, the system according to the present invention allows eight (8) USTs  108  and thirty-two (32) CIMs to be connected via one MSU  112  while still achieving optimal signal transmission. If additional USTs or CIMs must be added, alternate embodiments of the present invention allows multiple MSUs  112  to be utilized to connect as many as sixty-four (64) user workstations  100  and ten thousand (10,000) connected computers  118 . 
     Turning next to  FIG. 2A , depicted is a schematic diagram of the preferred internal structure of UST  108  according to the present invention. As shown, UST  108  couples keyboard  102 , video monitor  104 , and cursor control device  106  with MSU  112 . Signals generated by keyboard  102  and cursor control device  106  are received by UST CPU  308  via keyboard port  300  and cursor control device port  310 , respectively, using industry standard connectors and cabling. Wireless keyboards and cursor control devices may also be used. UST CPU  308  then generates data packets that represent the keyboard and cursor control device information in the received signals (as discussed below with reference to  FIG. 6 ). The newly generated data packets are transmitted to UART  306 , whereupon the they are converted to a serial format and transmitted through port  302  to MSU  112  via independent communication link  110 . It should be noted that the converted data packets may alternatively be transmitted via a wireless connection. 
     Conversely, keyboard and cursor control device signals received from connected computer  118  ( FIG. 1 ) through MSU  112  and communication link  110  are received as serial data packets at port  302 . Thereafter, UART  306  de-serializes the received serial data packets and transmits them to UST CPU  308 . Of course, in the alternative, a non-UART device may be used to de-serialize the received serial data packets. UST CPU  308  then uses the information contained in the data packets to emulate keyboard and cursor control device signals to keyboard.  102  and cursor control device  106  via keyboard port  300  and cursor control device port  310 , respectively. 
     Unidirectional video signals generated at connected computer  118  ( FIG. 1 ) are also received at port  302  from MSU  112  via communication link  110 . However, these video signals are transmitted to tuning circuit  304 , which tunes the video signals (discussed below with respect to  FIG. 2C ) to a desired amplitude and frequency characteristics (e.g., to correct for signal degradation). The tuned red, green, and blue components of the video signals are transmitted to video switch  314 . Thereafter, video switch  314  determines whether to transmit the video signals received from tuning circuit  304  (i.e., the video signals received from one of the connected computers  118 ) or the video signals received from option menu circuit  318  to video amplifier  316 . Finally, the amplified video signals are transmitted via video monitor port  312  for display on video monitor  104 . 
     Option menu circuit  318  is shown in greater detail in  FIG. 2B . Preferably, option menu circuit  318 , and all of its components are implemented on a daughter board (i.e., a printed circuit board that plugs into another printed circuit board to augment its capabilities). As shown, option menu circuit  318  comprises OSD ICs  350 - 357 , system level IC  358 , PLL  360 , clock buffer  362 , digital to analog (“D/A”) converter  364 , and connector  366 . According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the option menu and cursor video displays are generated by eight (8) Myson Technology MTV118 On-Screen Display for LCD Monitor ICs, depicted in  FIG. 2B  as OSD ICs  350 - 357 . However, a different quantity and/or a different type of OSD IC may be substituted without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Alternatively, an option menu circuit comprising individual electronic components (e.g., logic gates, resistors, capacitors, etc.) or a combination of non-OSD ICs (e.g., a processor IC, a programmable logic controller IC, etc.) configured to produce the same output as OSD ICs  350 - 357  may be used to generate the option menu and cursor video displays. 
     In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, each individual OSD IC is capable of producing eight (8) background colors, eight (8) foreground colors, and a video display having a maximum of fifteen (15) rows by thirty (30) columns of characters, wherein each character comprises a 12 by 18 pixel matrix. However, the present invention combines the video signals generated by multiple OSD ICs to create a single option menu that is larger (i.e., contains more characters) and/or contains more colors than the display provided by an individual OSD IC. Preferably, OSD ICs  350 - 355  generate the non-cursor portion of the option menu in any one of four (4) modes A-D, which are illustrated in  FIG. 3 . The remaining two (2) OSD ICs  356 - 357  generate the cursor video display used in conjunction with the option menu. 
     As depicted in the upper left hand corner of  FIG. 3 , when the system of the present invention is indexed to Mode A, all six (6) OSD ICs  350 - 355  supply video to the same portion A1 of a fifteen (15) row by thirty (30) column video display. This configuration allows the eight colors of each OSD IC  350 - 355  to be combined to produce a maximum of two hundred sixty two thousand one hundred forty four (262,144) colors. Each OSD IC is capable of supplying two (2) different green signals, (2) different red signals, and (2) different blue signals, wherein the difference in the signals is a difference in the signal&#39;s color. Since the color of each pixel is the combination of the colors of the red, blue, and green signals that create the pixel, two (2) colors of red, green, and blue allow 2.sup.3, or eight (8), color combinations (i.e., pixel colors) to be created by an individual OSD IC. Similarly, when each of the red, green, and blue signals of six OSD ICs  350 - 355  are combined, 2.sup.6 (i.e., 64) colors of each of the red, green, and blue signals may be created. Since each pixel is a combination of any one of each of the sixty-four (64) red, green, and blue signals, the total number of resulting pixel colors is 64.sup.3 (i.e., 262,144). Thus, in Mode A, the system of the present invention uniquely combines the outputs of six standard OSD ICs into one on-screen display with the ability to represent a pixel in this display with any of 262,144 different color values. 
     If the system is indexed to Mode B (see upper right-hand corner of  FIG. 3 ), the video output of three (3) OSD ICs  350 ,  352 , and  354  are combined to supply video to the left half (i.e., section B 1 ) of a fifteen (15) row by sixty (60) column video display. The video output of three (3) OSD ICs  351 ,  353 , and  355  are combined to supply video to the right half of the screen (i.e., section B 2 ). Combining three OSD ICs allows 2.sup.3, or eight (8), colors for each of the red, green, and blue signals, resulting in 8.sup.3, or five hundred twelve (512), total pixel colors. Thus, in Mode B, the system of the present invention again combines the outputs of six standard OSD ICs into one on-screen display with the ability to represent a pixel with any of 512 different color values. Further, in Mode B, the system of the present invention allows for a larger on-screen menu (15 row by 60 column display) than is possible with systems that only use one OSD IC or for a display with more characters than was previously possible. 
     Alternatively, if the system is indexed to Mode C (see lower left-hand corner of  FIG. 3 ), each of the six (6) OSD ICs  350 - 355  supplies its own portion of a thirty (30) row by eighty (80) column video display. The video output of OSD IC  350  is displayed in section C 1 . Similarly, the video outputs of each one of OSD ICs  351 - 355  is displayed in one of the sections C 2 -C 6 . Importantly, this configuration of OSD ICs  350 - 355  is capable of producing a thirty (30) row by ninety (90) column video display, thus allowing for an on-screen display on monitors that are larger than standard size. Of course, the size of the video display in sections C 3  and C 6  can be cut or cropped in order to be compatible with various sized monitors. 
     If the system is indexed to the Mode D, as depicted in the lower right-hand portion of  FIG. 3 , only the four (4) OSD ICs  350 - 353  are required, and each of OSD ICs  350 - 353  supplies its own portion of a twenty-two (22) row by sixty (60) column video display. The vide output of each one of OSD ICs  350 - 353  is displayed in one of each of the sections D 1 -D 4 . Similar to that described above for Mode C, the configuration of OSD ICs  350 - 353  in Mode D is capable of producing a thirty (30) row by sixty (60) column video display. Again, this size can be cropped to fit certain size monitors. 
     Mode D also represents an alternate embodiment of the present invention in which only four (4) total OSD ICs  350 - 353  are used to create the option menu (i.e., OSD ICs  354  and  355  are eliminated). While such an embodiment may be produced at a lower cost than the disclosed preferred embodiment, Modes A-C would not be available. 
     Preferably, OSD ICs  356  and  357  are used in each of Modes A-D to generate the cursor portion of the option menu video display. OSD IC  356  generates the video signals that represent the outline of the cursor, while OSD IC  357  generates the video signals that represent the body of the cursor. The present invention allows the cursor video image to be programmed as any one of eight (8) different fonts. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 2B , preferably, each of OSD ICs  350 - 357  operate in conjunction with system level IC  358 , PLL  360 , clock buffer  362 , and D/A converter  364 . PLL  360  is a phase-locked loop (“PLL”)(i.e., an electronic circuit that controls an oscillator) that drives clock buffer  362  via connection  394  based upon a system level IC  358 -generated option menu horizontal synchronization signal input to PLL  360  via connection  390 . Alternatively, PLL  360  may be supplied a 14.318 MHz crystal oscillator via connection  399  in lieu of the option menu&#39;s horizontal synchronization signal. Clock buffer  362  supplies a pixel clock signal to OSD ICs  350 - 357  and system level IC  358  via connection  396 . In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clock buffer is implemented with an external PLL, specifically AMI Semiconductor&#39;s Programmable Line Lock Clock Generator FS6131, which is controlled by system level IC  358  via 12C bus  392 . However, the clock buffer may be implemented in any one of the various methods known in the art. For example, one such method utilizes a clock buffer IC that includes an integrated PLL. 
     Furthermore, according to the preferred embodiment, system level IC  358  is an Atmel AT94K series system level IC that includes an 8-bit microcontroller (i.e., a single IC that contains a processor, RAM, ROM, clock, and input/output control unit), Field Programmable Gate Array (“FPGA”) (i.e., a programmable logic controller having a high density of gates), Static RAM (“SRAM”), and a JTAG in-circuit emulator. This IC is preferably driven by a 4 MHz clock signal via connection  376 , although clock signals having other frequencies may also be employed. Also, system level IC  358  may be implemented as a plurality of individual electronic components (e.g., logic gates, resistors, capacitors, etc.) or a combination of non-system level ICs (e.g., a processor IC, a programmable logic controller IC, an emulator IC, etc.) without departing from the spirit of the present invention. 
     To facilitate manufacturing of the computer management system, option menu circuit  318 , and all of its components (e.g., OSD ICs  350 - 357 , system level IC  358 , PLL  360 , clock buffer  362 , and D/A converter  364 ) may be implemented on a daughter board (i.e., a printed circuit board that plugs into another printed circuit board to augment its capabilities). This daughter board then plugs into the main UST circuit board, a block diagram of which is illustrated in  FIG. 2A , via connector  366 . This feature allows the object of the present invention (i.e., an option menu that is larger, contains more colors, and/or more characters) to be easily implemented as an option to a standard computer management system. 
     UST CPU  308  controls system level IC  358  via remote control interface (“RCI”)  378 , which uses a 16-bit address, an 8-bit data access, and a busy module. That is, UST CPU  308  sends instructions to system level IC  358  via RCI  378 . UST CPU  308  may command system level IC  358  to perform many actions via RCI  378  such as enabling/disabling the cursor, changing the cursor font, changing the cursor color, debugging the cursor, displaying the video outputs of all six (6) OSD ICs  350 - 357  on a single monitor, displaying the video output of a single OSD IC on a monitor, changing the video to any one of modes A-D as discussed above, debugging the option menu video display, displaying the built-in OSD IC patterns (i.e., 12.times.18 pixel matrix characters and symbols that are pre-programmed in the OSD IC&#39;s read only memory (“ROM”)), debugging the pixel clock stability and position, enabling/disabling the option menu, changing the vertical size of individual option menu characters, indexing the display to a single color or a combination of red, green, and blue, etc. 
     System level IC  358  controls OSD ICs  350 - 357  via 12C bus  398  (i.e., a bi-directional, two wire, serial bus that provides a communication link between ICs). System level IC  358  also provides independent horizontal and vertical synchronization signals to OSD ICs  350 - 355  and OSD ICs  356 - 357  via connections  372  and  374 , respectively. The provided synchronization signals are created based upon the adjustable gain control circuit horizontal and synchronization signals that are transmitted to system level IC  358  via connector  366  and connections  380  and  382 , respectively. These signals synchronize the horizontal and vertical scans of the video signals to determine the start of each horizontal and vertical line. 
     System level IC  358  thus ensures that the OSD ICs  350 - 355  remain synchronized in creating the video to be displayed to the user as the option menu. System level IC  358  also combines the RGB output data received on line  370  to create the option menu output for the user. Specifically, if the system is in Mode A, then each OSD IC  350 - 355  contributes data for every pixel to be displayed thus increasing the color depth of the on-screen menu (e.g., to allow a list of connected computers to be color-coded). The system level IC  358  concatenates this data to be displayed to the user. Thus, Mode A allows for a greater number of colors or characters to be displayed than is standardly available with systems that utilize only one OSD IC. 
     If the system is in Mode B, each of the OSD ICs  350 - 355  contributes data for half of the pixels that comprise the on-screen. In Modes C and D, the outputs of each individual OSD IC provide a separate portion of the option menu thus allowing for display on a larger screen, or for a display with more characters. In these modes, the outputs are not combined to increase color depth, but instead to increase the size of the option menu. Again, system level IC  358  receives the data from each OSD IC  350 - 355  and creates the on-screen menu. 
     The cursor horizontal and vertical synchronization signals are supplied by system level IC  358  independent of the option menu horizontal and vertical synchronization signals to allow them to be shifted, which causes the cursor to appear as if it is moving in relation to the system user&#39;s movement of the cursor control device. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a different type of OSD IC may be incorporated that accepts a single composite horizontal and vertical synchronization signal in lieu of two, independent synchronization signals. After OSD ICs  350 - 357  generate the red, green, and blue video signals, system level IC  358  receives independent red, green, and blue video signals from each OSD IC  350 - 357  via connections  368  and  370 . That is, system level IC  358  receives eighteen (18) different red, green, and blue video signals (i.e., one red, green, and blue signal from each of the six (6) OSD ICs  350 - 357 ). System level IC  358  processes these inputs and creates one combined red, green, and blue video signal, which is transmitted to D/A converter  364 . The analog video signals are then transmitted to video switch  314  ( FIG. 2A ) via connection  388  and connector  366 . Also, the combined (i.e., option menu and cursor) horizontal and vertical synchronization signals are transmitted to the main circuit board via connections  384  and  386 , respectively, via connector  366 . Thereafter, video switch  314  ( FIG. 2A ) transmits either the option menu video signals or the connected computer&#39;s video signals to video monitor  104  via video monitor port  312  ( FIG. 2A ). 
     As discussed earlier, the connected computer&#39;s video is first tuned by tuning circuit  304 . As shown in  FIG. 2C , tuning circuit  304  preferably comprises red variable gain amplifier  610   a , green variable gain amplifier  610   b , blue variable gain amplifier  610   c , red frequency compensation amplifier  612   a , green frequency compensation amplifier  612   b , blue frequency compensation amplifier  612   c , slow peak detector  614 , voltage source  616 , comparator  618 , slow peak detector  624 , voltage source  626 , comparator  628 , video switch  630 , fast peak detector  632 , and comparator  634 . 
     During system operation, the video signals generated at connected computer  118  are transmitted via communication link  120  to CIM  116  ( FIG. 1 ). Thereafter, the video signals are transmitted from CIM  116  to MSU  112  via communication link  114  ( FIG. 1 ). Even at this point in the transmission of the video signals, the amplitudes of the transmitted video signals may be significantly reduced and the frequencies of the video signals may be attenuated. Subsequently, the video signals are further transmitted from MSU  112  to UST  108  via communication link  110 , wherein the video signals can experience further degradation. Therefore, tuning circuit  304  is implemented to automatically tune the received video signals to achieve the desired amplitude and frequency characteristics. 
     In the preferred embodiment the horizontal synchronization signal is encoded on and transmitted with the green video signal, and the vertical synchronization signal is encoded on and transmitted with the blue video signal utilizing techniques known in the art. However, the horizontal and vertical synchronization signals may be encoded on and transmitted with any one of the red, green, or blue video signals. It is preferable that the horizontal and vertical synchronization signals are encoded as negative pulses, since the video signals (i.e., red, green, and blue) are typically positive pulses. This allows the system of the present invention to easily extract the sync signals. 
     The components of tuning circuit  304  combine to create three dedicated signal tuning circuits (i.e., one for each of the red, blue, and green video color signals), gain amplification adjustment circuit  615 , frequency compensation amplification adjustment circuit  635 , and additional filtering enablement circuit  625 : 
     In operation, the red component of the video signal is initially transmitted to red variable gain amplifier  610   a  and red frequency compensation amplifier  612   a . Preferably, red variable gain amplifier  610   a  adjusts the amplitude of the red component of the video signals based upon the output of gain amplification adjustment circuit  615 . Concurrently, red frequency compensation amplifier  612   a  adjusts the frequency of the red component of the video signals based upon the output of frequency compensation amplification adjustment circuit  635 . The outputs of red variable gain amplifier  610   a  and red frequency compensation amplifier  612   a  are electrically combined and transmitted via wire  622  to video switch  314  ( FIG. 2A ). 
     The green component of the video signal, including the encoded horizontal synchronization signal, is transmitted to green variable gain amplifier  610   b  and green frequency compensation amplifier  612   b . The two outputs are then electrically combined and transmitted to gain amplification adjustment circuit  615  and frequency compensation amplification adjustment circuit  635 . Gain amplification circuit  615  comprises slow peak detector  614 , which receives the electrically combined outputs of green variable gain amplifier  610   b  and green frequency compensation amplifier  612   b . Slow peak detector  614  detects the amplitude of the horizontal synchronization signal, which is encoded on the green component of the video signals, and transmits a signal representing this amplitude to comparator  618  and comparator  634 . Comparator  618  then compares the signal received from slow peak detector  614  to a constant reference voltage supplied by voltage source  616 . The signal supplied by voltage source  616  represents the desired amplitude for the horizontal synchronization signal. Next, comparator  618  transmits a signal to red variable gain amplifier  610   a , green variable gain amplifier  610   b , and blue variable gain amplifier  610   c  to adjust the level of amplification of the red, green, and blue components of the video signals until the desired amplitude is achieved. 
     Similarly, green frequency compensation amplifier  612   b  adjusts the level of amplification of the frequency of the horizontal synchronization signal based upon the output of frequency compensation amplification adjustment circuit  635 . Frequency compensation amplification adjustment circuit  635  comprises fast peak detector  632  that also receives the electrically combined outputs of green variable gain amplifier  610   b  and green frequency compensation amplifier  612   b . Fast peak detector  632  detects the rising edge of the horizontal synchronization signal and transmits a signal representing this rising edge to comparator  634 . Then, comparator  634  compares the signal received from fast peak detector  632  to the output of slow peak detector  614  to compare the amplitude of the rising edge of the horizontal synchronization signal pulse to the amplitude of the horizontal synchronization signal pulse itself. Next, comparator  634  sends a signal that is fed to red frequency compensation amplifier  612   a , green frequency compensation amplifier  612   b , and blue frequency compensation amplifier  612   c  to adjust the level of amplification of the red, green, and blue components of the video signals until the desired frequency is achieved. Optionally, a system administrator may manually adjust (e.g., using the option menu discussed above or controls located on the exterior of the UST) the signal transmitted by comparator  634 , whereupon this adjustment is input to tuning circuit  304  via manual input  633 . Such a feature would allow the system user to manually “tweak” the gain of the video signals until a desired video output is achieved. 
     The blue component of the video signals, along with the encoded vertical synchronization signal, is initially transmitted to blue variable gain amplifier  610   c , blue frequency compensation amplifier  612   c , and filtering enablement circuit  625 , which is employed to increase the range of red frequency compensation amplifier  612   a , green frequency compensation amplifier  612   b , and blue frequency compensation amplifier  612   c  when the video signals have been transmitted over approximately four hundred fifty (450) feet. The vertical synchronization signal, which is encoded on the blue component of the video signals as a precise square wave signal of known duration and amplitude, is used as a precise reference point for filtering enablement circuit  625 . The blue component of the video signals and the encoded vertical synchronization signal are received by slow peak detector  624 , which detects the amplitude of the vertical synchronization signal. Slow peak detector  624  transmits a signal representing the amplitude of the vertical synchronization signal to comparator  628 , which compares it to the known amplitude of a similar signal transmitted for four hundred fifty (450) feet. This known amplitude is represented by a constant reference voltage applied to comparator  628  by voltage source  626 . If comparator  628  determines that the vertical synchronization signal (and therefore all of the video signals) has been transmitted over four hundred fifty (450) feet, a signal indicating this is transmitted to video switch  630 . Video switch  630  then sends a signal to red frequency compensation amplifier  612   a , green frequency compensation amplifier  612   b , and blue frequency compensation amplifier  612   c  to increase the range of each frequency compensation amplifier  612   a ,  612   b , and  612   c.    
     Subsequent to the amplification by gain amplification adjustment circuit  615  and the frequency compensation by frequency compensation amplification adjustment circuit  635 , the tuned red, green, and blue components of the video signals are transmitted to video switch  314  ( FIG. 2A ). Thereafter, video switch  314  determines whether to transmit the video signals received from tuning circuit  304  (i.e., the video signals received from one of the connected computers  118 ) or the video signals received from option menu circuit  318  to video amplifier  316 . Finally, the amplified video signals are transmitted via video monitor port  312  for display on video monitor  104 . 
     Turning next to  FIG. 4 , depicted is a schematic representation of the preferred embodiment of MSU  112 , according to the invention, which enables multiple users to access and operate a plurality of connected computers. Access by a user to one of the connected computers from a local user workstation is performed completely via one or more MSUs  112 , independent of any network that may couple the connected computers to each other such as a Local Area Network, Wide Area Network, etc. In other words, the computer management system of the present invention preferably does not utilize an existing computer network to allow a local user workstation to control the connected computers. Rather, it is preferred that all physical connections between the local user workstation and the connected computers occur through one or more MSUs  112 . 
     In the preferred embodiment, MSU  112  comprises a plurality of CIM ports  202  that are preferably RJ-45 sockets, which allow each CIM  116  to be connected to MSU  112  via an independent communication link  114  ( FIG. 1 ). The unidirectionally transmitted (i.e., from the connected computer to the user workstation only) video signals are received at the MSU  112  through CIM ports  202  onto video bus  222 , whereupon they are transmitted to video differential switch  206 . Video differential switch  206  is capable of transmitting any video signals received from video bus  222  to any UST port  216 . The transmitted video signals are then transmitted via independent communication link  110  to attached UST  108  ( FIG. 1 ). 
     In addition to transmitting the unidirectional video signals, MSU  112  bi-directionally transmits keyboard and cursor control device signals between USTs  108  and CIMs  116  ( FIG. 1 ). When transmitting the signals from one CIM  116  to one UST  108 , these signals are received through CIM ports  202  on peripheral bus  220 , whereupon they are transmitted to peripheral switch  214 . Thereafter, peripheral switch  214  transmits these signals to the appropriate CIM universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (“UART”)  241 , which de-serializes the signals (i.e., converts the signals from a serial format to a format that is compatible with the MSU  112 , e.g., parallel format) and transmits them to MSU central processing unit (“CPU”)  212 . MSU CPU  212  analyzes the received signals and generates a new data packet based upon command information contained within the received signals. The new data packet is transmitted to the appropriate UST UART  230 . UST UART  230  then serializes the signals and transmits them to the appropriate UST port  216  for transmission via independent communication link  110  to the appropriate UST  108  ( FIG. 1 ). 
     Conversely, MSU  112  also transmits keyboard and cursor control device signals received at one UST  108  to one CIM  116  connected to a connected computer  118  ( FIG. 1 ). The keyboard and cursor control device signals are received at UST  108  and transmitted via communication link  110  to the respective UST port  216  located at MSU  112 . Thereafter, these signals are transmitted to UST UART  230 , which de-serializes the signals and transmits them to MSU CPU  212 . MSU CPU  212  interprets the information contained in the data packets of the received signals to create new signals, which also represent newly generated data packets. These new signals are then transmitted to the CIM UART  241  that is associated with the desired connected computer  118 . CIM UART  241  serializes the signals and transmits them to peripheral switch  214 , which transmits the signals to the desired CIM port  202  via peripheral bus  220 . Subsequently, the keyboard and cursor control device signals are transmitted via communication link  114  to the appropriate CIM  116 , which is connected to the desired connected computer  118  ( FIG. 1 ). 
     Turning next to  FIG. 5 , shown is a schematic diagram of CIM  116 . Preferably, each CIM  116  is compatible with all present day computer systems including, but not limited to, those manufactured by Microsoft (Windows), Apple (Macintosh), Sun (Unix), DEC, Compaq (Alpha), IBM (RS/6000), HP (HP9000) and SGI (IRIX). However, it is foreseeable that the technology of the present invention will also be compatible with those computer systems not yet contemplated. 
     CIM  116  connects video port  412 , keyboard port  414  and cursor control device port  416  of connected computer  118  with MSU  112  via CAT 5 communication link  120  and port  400 . Video signals are transmitted through CIM  116  unidirectionally from connected computer  118  to MSU  112 . However, as discussed previously, keyboard and cursor control device signals may be transmitted bi-directionally between connected computer  118  and MSU  112 . 
     During operation, video signals are transmitted from video port  412  of connected computer  118  to port  400  of CIM  116  via communication link  120 . From port  400 , the unidirectional video signals are transmitted to video driver  404 , which converts the standard red, green and blue video signals to a differential signal for transmission through port  402  to MSU  112  via communication link  114 . Each color signal is transmitted via its own twisted pair of wires contained within communication link  114  (when transmitted from CIM  116  to MSU  112 ) or communication link  110  (when transmitted from MSU  112  to UST  108 ) ( FIG. 1 ). Furthermore, video driver  404  appends the horizontal and vertical synchronization signals to one of the red, green or blue video signals to allow all five components of the video signals to be transmitted via only three twisted pair of wires of communication links  110  and  114 . That is, preferably, the horizontal and vertical synchronization signals are each transmitted on its own color signal—not the same color signal. 
     In contrast, keyboard and cursor control device signals generated at connected computer  118  are received by CIM CPU  406  from keyboard port  414  and cursor control device port  416 , respectively, via communication link  120  and port  400 . CIM CPU  406  generates data packets representing the keyboard and cursor control device information in the received signals. The newly generated data packets are transmitted to UART  408 , which serializes the signals and transmits them via communication link  114  to MSU  112  through port  402 . 
     Conversely, keyboard and cursor control device signals received from the local user workstation through MSU  112  and communication link  114  ( FIG. 1 ) are received at port  402 . Thereafter, UART  408  de-serializes the received data packet signals and transmits them to CIM CPU  406 . Alternatively, the received data packet signals may be de-serializes by a non-UART device. CIM CPU  406  uses the information contained in the data packet signals to emulate keyboard and cursor control device signals. These emulated signals are applied to keyboard port  414  and cursor control device port  416  through port  400  via communication link  120 . 
     Furthermore, CIM  116  contains memory unit  410 , which stores the address and status of connected computer  118 . Thus, if a specific connected computer  118  is not functioning properly, it is easy to assess which connected computer  118  has malfunctioned. In addition, the device address facilitates proper transmitting of the keyboard and cursor control device signals since the device address is included in the data packets generated by CIM CPU  406  and is therefore transmitted with these signals. Additionally, memory unit  410  allows a connected computer  118  to be easily identified even if it is relocated and connected to a new CIM  116 . Therefore, the information contained in memory unit  410  maintains the modular nature of the computer management system of the present invention. 
     Preferably, connected computer  118  provides power to CIM  116 , thereby eliminating the equipment, cabling and space required for a dedicated CIM power source. 
     Referring next to  FIG. 6 , provided is an example of a data packet used to transmit keyboard and cursor control device information, In the example, protocol data packet  500  consists of five bytes. First byte  502  comprises the instructional, or command, data and data indicating the total length of data packet  500 . That is, the first half of first byte  502  contains the command data and the second half of first byte  502  contains length data. The subsequent four bytes  504   a - d  include the characters typed on keyboard  102  and clicks performed with cursor control device  106  ( FIG. 1 ). 
     It is well known in the art to transmit command and length data in separate bytes. Therefore, utilizing conventional data packet technology, the data packet of the present invention would need to contain six bytes (i.e., one byte for command data, one byte for length data and four bytes for system data). In contrast, the preferred embodiment of the present invention minimizes the size of the data packet by combining the command and length data into one byte, thereby allowing four bytes of system data to be transmitted in a five-byte data packet. Consequently, signal transmission in the intelligent, modular server management system of the present invention is more efficient, allowing a single CAT 5 cable to be used for transmission of keyboard, cursor control device and video signals. 
     Referring next to  FIG. 7 , disclosed is an alternate embodiment of the intelligent, modular computer management system of the present invention in which the system is expanded to include two (2) MSUs  112 , each having eight (8) inputs and thirty-two (32) outputs. This configuration allows sixteen (16) USTs  108  to access and operate thirty-two (32) connected computers  118 . In this alternate embodiment, each UST  108  may be linked to either first MSU  650  or second MSU  651  via communication link  110 . All signals received at UST  108  are transmitted via its connected MSU (i.e., either first MSU  650  or second MSU  651 ) to CIM  116  that is connected to the desired connected computer  118 . In this alternate embodiment, CIM  116  provides connectors for two (2) communication links  114  to allow it to connect to both first MSU  650  and second MSU  651 . Thus, CIM  116  allows sixteen (16) user workstations  100  to operate thirty-two (32) connected computers  118 . Importantly, the option menu of the present invention may be easily incorporated into each UST in this alternate embodiment. Therefore, even in this expanded configuration, each system user may choose one of the four modes A-D of operation for the option menu displayed on the user workstation&#39;s monitor. In addition, this embodiment allows two (2) user workstations  100  to simultaneously access and operate the same connected computer  118 . Alternatively, this embodiment allows a first user workstation  100  to inform a second user workstation  100  that a connected computer  118  is in use and, therefore, access to it is restricted. 
     Referring next to  FIG. 8 , disclosed is another alternate embodiment of the intelligent, modular server system of the present invention. The use of forty (40) total MSUs (i.e., eight (8) first tier MSUs  702  and thirty-two (32) second tier MSUs  704 ), wherein each first tier MSU  702  and second tier MSU  704  has eight (8) inputs and thirty-two (32) outputs, allows sixty-four (64) user workstations  100  to operate and access one thousand twenty four (1,024) connected computers  118 . In this alternate embodiment, each UST  108  is directly linked to one of eight (8) first tier MSUs  702  via single CAT 5 cable  706 . First tier MSU  702  transmits all signals received from user workstation  100  via single CAT 5 cable  708  to second tier MSU  704  that is connected to the CIM  116  associated with the desired connected computer  118 . Second tier MSU  704  then transmits the received signals to the respective CIM  116  via single CAT 5 cable  710 , whereupon CIM  116  applies these signals to the respective ports of connected computer  118 . In this embodiment, the second tier of MSUs  704  comprises thirty-two (32) units. Each second tier MSU  704  is coupled to multiple CIMs  116 , which provide a direct connection to each of the one thousand twenty four (1,024) potential connected computers  118  via single CAT 5 cables  710 . Importantly, the option menu of the present invention may also be easily incorporated into each UST in this alternate embodiment. Therefore, even in this expanded configuration, each system user may choose one of the four modes of operation for the option menu displayed on the user workstation&#39;s monitor. 
     Although  FIG. 8  depicts the configuration used to access and control one thousand twenty four (1,024) connected computers  118  from sixty-four (64) user workstations  100 , many other system configurations are available to allow a greater number of user workstations  100  to be connected to a greater number of connected computers  118 . For example, the number of MSU tiers may be increased, or, alternatively, hubs may be incorporated. Also, each MSU may be designed to comprise more than eight (8) inputs and more than thirty-two (32) outputs to further increase the system capacity. Furthermore, the option menu may be used with any configuration of the computer management system of the present invention. 
     Because the option menu allows for more colors, and characters, more information about the available connected computers can be displayed to a user. Further, because the option menu can be displayed on a larger screen, the user can view more of the available network at one time. Therefore, the present invention allows for a more efficient and user friendly way of managing a large computer network. 
     Turning next to  FIG. 9 , depicted is an alternate embodiment of the computer management system of the present invention. Specifically, single unit computer management system  800  is shown connected to keyboards  802 , cursor control devices  804 , and video monitors  806  via keyboard ports  808 , cursor control device ports  810 , and video monitor ports  812 , respectively, utilizing industry standard cabling or wireless connections. Also, the keyboard, cursor control device, and video monitor ports of connected computers  814  are connected to computer ports  816  on single unit computer management system  800  via communication links  818 . 
     Each CPU  822  receives keyboard and cursor control device signals from its respective computer port  816  via the respective communication link  830  and converts them to a digital format. After these signals have been digitized, they are transmitted to switching device  824 . In contrast, video signals transmitted to computer port  816  by connected computer  814  bypass CPU  822  and are transmitted directly to central switching device  824  via communication link  832 . 
     Switching device  824 , based upon instructions received from switch CPU  826 , transmits the keyboard and cursor control device signals to the intended keyboard  802  and cursor control device  804  via keyboard port  808  and cursor control device port  810 , respectively. In contrast, switching device  824  transmits the video signals to video switch  828 . Then, based upon the instructions provided by switch CPU  826 , video switch  828  supplies either the video signals received from connected computer  814  or the video signals generated by option menu circuit  820  to video monitor  806  via video monitor port  812 . When the option menu is displayed, video switch  828  replaces a portion of the video display that is received from connected computer  814  through switching device  824  with the option menu video display generated by option menu circuit  820 . 
     Keyboard and cursor control device signals are also routed from keyboard  802  and cursor control device  804  through keyboard port  808  and cursor control device port  810 , respectively, to computer CPU  822  via switching device  824 . CPU  822  then emulates keyboard and mouse signals to the selected connected computer  814  via port  816 . In contrast, video signals are transmitted only from connected computer  814  to video monitor  806  only. 
     Single unit computer management system  800  incorporates option menu circuit  820 , which comprises the same electrical components and configuration as option menu circuit  318  ( FIGS. 2A and 2C ). Option menu circuit  820  enables a user to select any one of the connected computers  814  from an option menu displayed on video monitor  806 . For example, if a user wishes to connect to a specific connected computer  814 , the user may first enter preselected keyboard and/or cursor control device commands utilizing keyboard  802  and/or cursor control device  804  to display an option menu on video monitor  806 . The option menu includes all connected computers  814  connected to the computer management system. By utilizing keyboard  802  and cursor control device  804 , the user selects the desired connected computer  814  from the option menu. Thereafter, the option menu is no longer displayed and the video signals generated by connected computer  814  are displayed on video monitor  806 . The user may then control connected computer  814  using keyboard  802  and cursor control device  804  as if they are directly connected to connected computer  814 . 
     In addition to selecting one of the connected computers  814 , the option menu is also used to perform administrative functions such as system programming, tuning the received video signals, obtaining single unit computer management system diagnostics, etc. Furthermore, multiple security features such as passwords, system user histories, etc. may be implemented and accessed via the option menu. The use of the option menu of the present invention allows single unit computer management system  800  to display a larger option menu and/or an option menu having more characters or more colors to achieve the benefits discussed above with respect to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     While the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments and several alternative embodiments, which embodiments have been set forth in considerable detail for the purposes of making a complete disclosure of the invention, such embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to be limiting or represent an exhaustive enumeration of all aspects of the invention. The scope of the invention, therefore, shall be defined solely by the following claims. Further, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that numerous changes may be made in such details without departing from the spirit and the principles of the invention. It should be appreciated that the present invention is capable of being embodied in other forms without departing from its essential characteristics.