Abstract:
Methods, systems, and computer program products for providing media content delivery audit and verification services are disclosed. In one example, a monitoring system analyzes messages associated with communications in a wireless communications network. The monitoring system identifies, from the messages, messages that are associated with the request for or delivery of media content to a wireless communications device via the network. Copies of the messages relating to media content delivery are generated, correlated, and analyzed in order to provide a network operator with information that may be used to verify media content delivery transactions and associated revenues.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/729,997, filed Oct. 25, 2005, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD  
       [0002]     The subject matter described herein relates to monitoring transactions associated with delivery of media content. More particularly, the subject matter described herein relates to methods, systems, and computer program products for providing media content delivery audit and verification services.  
       BACKGROUND ART  
       [0003]     Over the past decade, the use of wireless communications devices, such as mobile telephones and personal digital assistants, has increased dramatically. This increased use has also led to an increase in the capabilities of these communications devices. In particular, wireless subscribers are increasingly using their wireless communications devices to access and download various types of media content, such as ringtones, music, video, graphics, photos, etc. Access to vendors that provide media content is provided by wireless network operators, who have previously negotiated service level agreements with each vendor. A third party clearinghouse entity is often used by media content owners to control access to and bill for the use of media content.  
         [0004]      FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary mobile networking environment  100 , which includes a ringtone content provider  102 , a third party clearinghouse entity  104 , a first general packet radio service (GPRS) network  166  which is owned by network operator X, a second global system for mobile communications (GSM) or Interim Standard 41 (IS-41) cellular network  108  which is owned by network operator Y, and a third Internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) network  110  which is owned by network operator Z. Mobile subscribers  112 ,  114 , and  116  are respectively associated with networks  106 ,  108  and  110 .  
         [0005]     A typical service agreement may allocate 60% of revenue from a ringtone sale transaction to ringtone content provider  102 , 30% of revenue from the transaction to network operator Y, and 10% of revenue from the transaction to the clearinghouse  104 . In the example presented in  FIG. 1 , mobile subscriber  114  requests and receives downloadable ringtone content  118  from content provider  102 . Content provider  102  reports the content download to the clearinghouse  104 . Clearinghouse  104  subsequently bills mobile subscriber  114  $1.00 for the downloaded ringtone. Clearinghouse  104  in turn pays $0.60 to the ringtone content provider  102 , $0.30 to network operator Y, and retains $0.10 as an administration fee.  
         [0006]     One problem with the current media content delivery in wireless communications networks involves the fact that while network operator Y may be entitled to a 30% commission by a previously negotiated service agreement, there is no mechanism available to operator Y to independently monitor and verify content download transactions that involve the operator&#39;s network. Within the context of current content delivery solutions, a network operator is completely reliant on the good faith dealings of the content provider and the content delivery clearinghouse regarding content delivery transactions and the associated revenue.  
         [0007]     Another problem associated with delivery of media content in wireless communications networks involves an operator&#39;s inability to verify the success or failure of an attempted media content download transaction. For instance, mobile subscriber  114  may contact a customer service center associated with network operator Y and claim that a ringtone download was purchased but never received. Currently, network operator Y has no way to verify whether or not the purchased ringtone content was successfully delivered to mobile subscriber  114 . This inability leaves a network operator vulnerable to fraud and may result in a less than ideal quality of service within the network.  
         [0008]     Accordingly, there exists a need for improved methods, systems, and computer program products for monitoring and auditing the delivery of media content in a wireless communications network.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0009]     The subject matter described herein is generally directed to methods, systems, and computer program products for providing media content delivery audit and verification services. According to one aspect of the subject matter described herein, a monitoring system is adapted to analyze messages relating to communications in a wireless communications network and to identify, from the messages, messages that are associated with the request for or delivery of media content via the network. Copies of the messages relating to delivery of media content are generated, correlated, and analyzed in order to provide a network operator with information that may be used to verify media content delivery transactions and associated revenues.  
         [0010]     The term “media content,” as used herein, refers to any type of graphics, text, video, audio, audio/video, or other content that a user may wish to obtain from a media content provider obtain via a wireless communications network, and access via a wireless communications device. Examples of media content include ringtones, music files, video files, graphics files, audio files, such as audiobooks, text files, etc.  
         [0011]     The term “wireless communications network,” as used herein, refers to a network that is usable for communications between wireless devices. Examples of such networks include IS-41, GSM, Wi-Fi, or other types of networks where the link from the end user device to the network occurs over a wireless communications segment. It is understood that such networks may include wired components for carrying signaling related to media communications and also for carrying the media communications between network nodes.  
         [0012]     The term “wireless communications device,” as used herein, includes any device that a user can use for communications via a wireless wireless network. Examples of such devices include mobile telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones with PDA capabilities, and PDAs with mobile phone capabilities.  
         [0013]     The subject matter described herein for providing media content delivery audit and verification functionality may be implemented using a computer program product comprising computer executable instructions embodied in a computer readable medium. Exemplary computer readable media suitable for implementing the subject matter described herein include disk memory devices, chip memory devices, programmable logic devices, application specific integrated circuits, and downloadable electrical signals. In addition, a computer readable medium that implements the subject matter described herein may be located on a single device or computing platform or may be distributed across multiple physical devices and/or computing platforms. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]     Preferred embodiments of the subject matter described herein will now be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings of which:  
         [0015]      FIG. 1  is a network diagram illustrating an exemplary media content delivery service arrangement that includes a media content provider and a media content delivery clearinghouse entity;  
         [0016]      FIG. 2  is a network diagram illustrating a probe-based revenue assurance and content delivery audit (RACDA) system and exemplary messaging associated with a request for media content by a wireless subscriber according to an embodiment of the subject matter described herein;  
         [0017]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrates functional components of a RACDA system according to an embodiment of the subject matter described herein;  
         [0018]      FIG. 4  is a network diagram illustrated a probe-based RACDA system and exemplary messaging associated with the delivery of media content from a media content provider according to an embodiment of the subject matter described herein; and  
         [0019]      FIG. 5  is a network diagram illustrating an integrated message feed RACDA system and exemplary messaging associated with the delivery of media content from a media content provider according to an embodiment of the subject matter described herein. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020]      FIG. 2  is a network diagram illustrating a network environment  119  that includes a short message service center (SMSC)  128 , a mobile subscriber  114 , and a probe-based embodiment of revenue assurance and content delivery audit (RACDA) system. For purposes of illustration, network environment  119  is considered to include components that operate in accordance with the global system for mobile communications (GSM) standard. Accordingly, mobile subscriber  114  and SMSC  128  are assumed to utilize equipment that operates in a GSM network environment. It is understood that the subject matter described herein is not limited to use in GSM network environments. Embodiments of the subject matter described herein may be operable in other communications network environments including IS-41, general packet radio service (GPRS), IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), session initiation protocol (SIP), radio access network (RAN), and wireless-fidelity (WiFi) (such as 802.11x) environments.  
         [0021]     In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2 , SMSC  128  is adapted to communicate with signaling system 7 (SS7) network entities as well as with short message point to point (SMPP) entities. SMSC  128  is further adapted to translate or convert SS7 short message service (SMS)-formatted messages to SMPP-formatted messages and vice-versa.  
         [0022]     Network  119  also includes an exemplary revenue assurance and content delivery auditing (RACDA) system  120 . According to one embodiment of the subject matter described herein, external communications link monitoring probes  122  and  124  may be adapted to generate copies of some or all messages observed on their respective communications links and forward the message copies to RACDA module  126 . Link monitoring probes  122  and  124  may be any suitable devices for passively copying signaling messages that traverse network  119 . In one example, probes  122  and  124  may be implemented using any suitable stand-alone network data collection system, including those available from Catapult Communications of Mountainview California. RACDA module  126  receives and analyzes messages copied by probes  122  and  124  and may use information obtained from the message copies to generate media content delivery diagnostic reports, revenue assurance reports, quality of service (QoS) reports, media content delivery rating reports that are based on one or more deliverable content attributes (e.g., attribute type=ringtone, attribute title=“James Bond Ringtone #9”, etc.) and other reports. RACDA module  126  may be implemented using any suitable general-purpose computing platform with network communication capabilities. In one exemplary implementation, RACDA module  126  may be implemented using a SUN Netra® server.  
         [0023]     The reports generated by RACDA module  126  may be usable by a network operator to verify or audit service agreements with affiliated content providers. For example, RACDA module  126  may generate a media content delivery audit report that includes information associated with media content deliveries via a wireless network operator&#39;s network. The report may contain information usable by the operator to obtain and/or audit payments from a media content provider or clearinghouse for using the operator&#39;s network to deliver media content via the operator&#39;s network. If the content is downloadable content where the subscriber pays the media content provider or the clearinghouse directly, the report generated by RACDA module  126  may provide a useful way for the wireless network operator to audit transactions to which the operator is not a party.  
         [0024]     The information collected by RACDA system  120  may also be used to provide the network operator with real time or near-real time content delivery diagnostic/QoS information. RACDA system  120  may copy, collect and analyze any type of message used to request or deliver content through a network. Exemplary message types/protocols that may be copied include SS7 mobile application part (MAP) short message service (SMS), IETF Sigtran, SIP, IP, hypertext transport protocol (HTTP), file transfer protocol (FTP), simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP), and SMPP.  
         [0025]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary RACDA system  120  according to an embodiment of the subject matter described herein. Exemplary system  120  may include an external communications link probe or message switch  122  or  124 , which is adapted to observe messages as they are carried on the communications link and generate copies of some or all of these messages. For example, probes  122  and  124  may include associated message monitoring functions for identifying and copying messages associated with media content delivery transactions.  
         [0026]     System  120  may also include a message feed function  142  that is adapted to be integrated with a communications network element. Exemplary network elements may include a signal transfer points (STPs), Internet protocol (IP) capable STPs, IP routers, short message service center (SMSCs), short message gateways (SMGs), mobile switching centers (MSCs), 3G message servers, SIP servers, an IMS nodes, media gateway controllers (MGCs), and softswitches. Integrated message feed (IMF) function  142  is adapted to observe messages that are received by or transmitted from the host network element and generate copies of some or all of the messages. IMF function  142  may include an associated message monitoring functions for identifying and copying messages associated with media content delivery transactions.  
         [0027]     One exemplary location for the integrated message feed function to reside is on a network node that provides a network routing function, such as an STP. System  120  may include multiple external link probes, multiple IMF functions, and to operate using both external link probes and IMF functions simultaneously.  
         [0028]     System  120  further includes a message correlation function  144  that is adapted to receive copies of observed messages from external link probe  122  or  124  or IMF function  142  and organize or correlate these message copies, such that messages associated with the same content delivery transaction are identified and grouped or linked together.  
         [0029]     In one embodiment, correlation function  144  is adapted to generate a media content delivery transaction detail record (TDR) for each observed media content delivery transaction. A media content delivery TDR may include some or all parameters contained in the message or messages associated with a media content delivery transaction. A media content delivery TDR may, for example, include information associated with a request from a mobile subscriber for a media content download, as well as information associated with the delivery of the requested content to the requesting subscriber. In one embodiment, correlation function  144  may associate date/timestamp information with a received message copy (and/or TDR) that is indicative of when the message copy was received.  
         [0030]     In another embodiment, correlation function  144  may organize observed media content delivery transaction information according to any number of different correlation profiles. Observed messages that are correlated in accordance with a correlation profile may be tagged with a correlation identifier or otherwise indexed so as to facilitate fast and efficient access. Exemplary correlation profiles include content provider, delivery date/time, requesting subscriber, content type, delivery status, delivery mode, etc. For example, a content provider correlation profile may be used to sort or index observed content delivery transactions information by content provider. A media content provider identifier, such as a source network address that is uniquely associated with a media content provider, may be used to sort or index the observed media content delivery transaction information. In a similar manner, a delivery date/time correlation profile may be used to sort or index observed content delivery transaction information by the date/time of the content delivery transaction. A requesting subscriber correlation profile may be used to sort or index observed content delivery transaction information by the requesting subscriber. A subscriber identifier, such as a destination address (e.g., IP address, mobile identification number, mobile subscriber ISDN number, international mobile station identifier, electronic mail address, etc.) that is uniquely associated with each requesting mobile subscriber, may be used to sort or index the observed media content delivery transaction information A media content type correlation profile may be used to sort or index observed content delivery transaction information by the type of content associated with the delivery transaction. For example, correlation function  144  may perform the correlation based on payload type identification information contained in a message associated with a media content delivery transaction. Payload type identification information may include an explicit payload type identification parameter contained in an observed content delivery message, or such payload type information may be inferred based on message characteristics, such as payload size. Exemplary media content types may include ringtone, sports scores, stock ticker information, photograph/graphic image, and music. The media content type may also identify the format of the content, such as MPEG, JPEG, MP3, etc. Alternatively, correlation function  144  may perform such a content type correlation by exploiting knowledge that certain types of content are sourced from specific source addresses (e.g., IP host x /port n =ringtone content, IP host y /port z =sport scores, etc.).  
         [0031]     A delivery status correlation profile may be used to sort or index observed content delivery transaction information by the status or disposition of the delivery transaction. For example, media content delivery status values may include an indicator of the success or failure of a delivery transaction. Content delivery status information may also include information related to a delivery receipt or delivery confirmation message associated with a media content delivery transaction. A delivery mode correlation profile may be used to sort or index observed media content delivery transaction information by the mode or transport characteristics of the delivery transaction. For example, correlation function  144  may perform the correlation based on a transport mode attribute, where transport mode attributes may include open system interconnection (OSI) layer attributes and SS7 protocol attributes. Delivery or transport mode attributes may include those protocols (at any layer of the OSI or SS7 stacks) used in a media. content delivery transaction. Exemplary OSI attributes that may be used by correlation function to correlate messages associated with media control delivery transactions include a layer 3 attribute=IP, a layer 4 attribute=transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) or stream control transmission protocol (SCTP), and a layer 7 attribute=HTTP, FTP, SMTP, SIP, or SMPP. Exemplary SS7 protocol attributes include transaction capabilities application part (TCAP), mobile application part (MAP), and SMS. Exemplary media content delivery TDR records are presented below in Table 1.  
                                         TABLE 1                           Exemplary Media Content Delivery TDR Records                Source   Requesting   Media Content   Transaction   Delivery       Date/Timestamp   Address   Subscriber ID   Type   Disposition   Mode               1/4/06, 01:34:12   Provider 1   9193451212   Ringtone   Successful   IP/SIP       1/1/06, 11:45.09   Provider 2   Joe@AOL.com   Ringtone   Failed   SMS                  
 
         [0032]     Correlation profiles may be logically combined to provide more complex data correlations. For example, a media content provider correlation profile and a delivery date/time correlation profile may be logically combined to provide a view of media content delivery transactions that occurred during a particular date/time period, where the resulting information is sorted by content provider. As described above, observed media content delivery information (e.g., messages, message parameters, TDRs, etc.) may be simultaneously correlated according to multiple correlation profiles. Indices associated with each correlation or logical combination of multiple correlations may be constructed and stored to facilitate rapid, efficient access of the observed content delivery transaction information. The correlation profiles described above are merely illustrative of the types of correlations that may be performed by RACDA system  120  and are not intended to be an exhaustive list of possible correlations that could be provided by correlation function  144 .  
         [0033]     System  120  includes a data server  146 , which is adapted to receive correlated media content delivery transaction information from correlation function  144  and store the information. As described above, media content delivery transaction information may include a copy of an observed media content delivery message, parameters associated with an observed media content delivery message, a media content delivery TDR, an index to information contained in an observed media content delivery message, or other information associated with an observed content delivery transaction.  
         [0034]     A media content delivery audit application  148  is adapted to access media content delivery transaction information that is stored in data server  146 . In one embodiment, application  148  may include a reporting function that is adapted to generate a media content delivery revenue assurance report, which details the number of successful content delivery transactions that were observed during a given period involving a particular media content provider. The information included in this report may be used to manually verify content delivery statistics provided by a media content provider or clearinghouse entity.  
         [0035]     In an alternate embodiment, application  148  may include a reporting function that is adapted to receive media content delivery transaction information provided by a media content provider or clearinghouse entity and automatically analyze and compare this information against media content delivery transaction information stored on data server  146 . A revenue assurance discrepancy report may be generated based on the ahalysis/comparison. The revenue assurance discrepancy report may identify and highlight discrepancies between the media content delivery transactions observed by system  120  and those transactions reported or claimed by the content provider or clearinghouse entity. An exemplary revenue assurance discrepancy report is illustrated below in Table 2.  
                                                                           TABLE 2                           Exemplary Revenue Assurance Discrepancy Report            Media           Media       Observed   Observed       Content   Start   End   Content   Reported   Successful   Failed       Provider   Date   Date   Type   Transactions   Transactions   Transactions                    Provider 1   Jan. 1, 2006   Jan. 31, 2006   Ringtone   1,322,443   1,102,211   121,227       Provider 2   Jan. 1, 2006   Jan. 31, 2006   Ringtone   324,245   315,654   8,591                  
 
         [0036]     According to another aspect of the subject matter described herein, application  148  is adapted to provide real time/near-real time and historical media content delivery transaction information to a network operations center or customer support center  150 . This information may be used by network operations staff to analyze and diagnose problems associated with media content delivery transactions, in response to inquiries or complaints received from a network subscriber or from a media content provider.  
         [0037]     For example, customer support center  150  may receive a call from a mobile subscriber in which the subscriber claims that he or she was billed for a requested media content download which was never received. Network support personnel may provide application  148  with an identifier associated with the requesting mobile subscriber (e.g., MSISDN, IMSI, TMSI, SIP URI, email address, IP address, routing number (RN), directory number (DN), etc.), as well as the approximate date/time of the content delivery request in question. In response, application  148  is adapted to search media content delivery information stored on data server  146  and generate a viewable report  127  that presents all observed content delivery transactions and their dispositions (e.g., successful, failed, unknown, etc.) associated with the requesting mobile subscriber on or about the specified date/time. The entire signaling/messaging sequence associated with each observed content delivery transaction may be displayed such that those content delivery transactions that are identified as having a failed or unknown disposition may be analyzed by the network operator.  
         [0038]     According to yet another aspect of the subject matter described herein, application  148  is adapted to log disputed media content delivery transactions and provide a report of disputed media content delivery transactions to a content provider and/or clearinghouse entity. If it is determined that the mobile subscriber customer is entitled to a refund and that the media content delivery problem was associated with the service provided by a media content provider, then application  148  may record and log the refund transaction and also include refund related information (e.g., refund amount) in the disputed media content delivery transaction report. As such, the subject matter described herein is adapted to assist a network operator in identifying and recovering revenue that is lost as a result of fraudulent activity or legitimate service problems associated with a media content provider.  
       Exemplary Revenue Assurance and Media Content Delivery Auditing System Implementations  
       [0039]      FIG. 2  illustrates an exemplary media content delivery transaction monitoring scenario that involves a request by mobile subscriber  114  for a ringtone content download from content provider  102 . In this example, mobile subscriber  114  generates a short message that serves as the request for downloading the ringtone and transfers the message to the serving MSC (not shown). The serving MSC receives the transferred message and generates a related MAP MAP-MO-FORWARD-SHORT-MESSAGE message  130 , which in this example is transmitted to SMSC  128 . The particular content requested may be conveyed through information carried in the payload portion of the short message, or the desired content may be identified/associated with a short code or other destination address specified in the short message. A detailed description of MAP short message service messages is presented in 3 GPP TS  09.02  V 7. 15.0 (2004-03); 3 rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Core Network; Mobile Application Part  ( MAP )  specification  ( Release  1998), the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.  
         [0040]     The MAP-MO-FORWARD-SHORT-MESSAGE message  130  is detected/observed by probe  124  and a copy of the message is generated. The message copy  132  is directed to RACDA module  126 . Exemplary parameters contained in the MAP-MO-FORWARD-SHORT-MESSAGE message copy include an InvokeID parameter, an SM_RP DA parameter, an SM_RP_OA parameter, an SM_RP_UI parameter, an IMSI User_Error parameter, and a Provider_Error parameter. Detailed descriptions and definitions of these parameters are located in the above referenced MAP specification. Message copy  132  is provided to correlation function  144 . In this case, correlation function  144  determines that message  132  is associated with a new media content delivery transaction and accordingly generates a new TDR that is associated with the content delivery transaction. Some or all of the information associated with message copy  132  is incorporated within the TDR, and the TDR is then stored in data server  146 .  
         [0041]     SMSC  128  receives MAP message  130  and generates a related SMPP DELIVER_SM message  134 , which is transmitted to media content provider  102 . A detailed description of the SMPP protocol is provided in SMS Forum standard,  Short Message Point To Point Protocol Specification V 5.0, (Feb. 19, 2003), the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The SMPP DELIVER_SM message  134  is detected/observed by probe  122  and a copy of the message is generated. Message copy  136  is directed to RACDA module  126 .  
         [0042]     Exemplary parameters contained in the SMPP DELIVER_SM message copy include a service_type parameter, a source_addr_ton parameter, a source_addr_npi parameter, a source_addr parameter, a dest_addr_ton parameter, a dest_addr_npi parameter, a dest_addr parameter, an esm_class parameter, a priority_flag parameter, a schedule_delivery_time parameter, a validity_period parameter, a registered_delivery parameter, an sm_length parameter, a short_message parameter. Detailed descriptions and definitions of these parameters are located in the above referenced SMPP specification.  
         [0043]     Message copy  136  is provided to correlation function  144 . In this case, correlation function  144  determines that message  136  is associated with the previously opened media content delivery transaction TDR, and some or all of the information contained in message  136  is appended to the TDR associated with that transaction. It will be appreciated that correlation function  144  may determine that messages  132  and  136  are associated with the same media content delivery transaction based on a similarity or other correlation that is identified between functionally similar parameters in the messages or other message attributes (e.g., timestamp information). For example, the SM_RP_OA parameter value in the MAP-MO-FORWARD-SHORT-MESSAGE message may be compared to the source_addr parameter in the SMPP DELIVER_SM message.  
         [0044]     Continuing with this media content delivery transaction example,  FIG. 4  illustrates an exemplary message flow associated with the response of media content provider  102  to the content download request of mobile subscriber  114 . In response to receiving media content download request message  134 , media content provider  102  generates a SMPP SUBMIT_SM message  160  that includes the requested download content. Exemplary parameters contained in the SMPP SUBMIT_SM message copy include a service_type parameter, a source_addr_ton parameter, a source_addr_npi parameter, a source_addr parameter, a dest_addr_ton parameter, a dest_addr_npi parameter, a dest_addr parameter, an esm_class parameter, a priority_flag parameter, a schedule_delivery_time parameter, a validity_period parameter, a registered_delivery parameter, an sm_length parameter, a short_message parameter. Detailed descriptions and definitions of these parameters are located in the above referenced SMPP specification.  
         [0045]     Message  160  is transmitted to SMSC  128 . The SMPP SUBMIT_SM message  134  is detected/observed by probe  122  and a copy of the message is generated. Message copy  162  is directed to RACDA module  126  and provided to correlation function  144 . Correlation function  144  determines that message  162  is associated with the previously opened media content delivery transaction TDR, and some or all of the information contained in message  162  is appended to the TDR associated with that transaction. Once again, correlation function  144  may determine that messages  132 ,  136 , and  162  are associated with the same media content delivery transaction based on a similarity or other correlation that is identified between functionally similar parameters in the messages or other message attributes (e.g., timestamp information).  
         [0046]     SMSC  128  receives SMPP message  160  and generates a related MAP-MT-FORWARD-SHORT-MESSAGE message  164 , the media content payload of which is ultimately delivered to requesting mobile subscriber  114 . The MAP-MT-FORWARD-SHORT-MESSAGE message  164  is detected/observed by probe  124  and a copy of the message is generated. Message copy  166  is directed to RACDA module  126 . Exemplary parameters contained in the MAP-MT-FORWARD-SHORT-MESSAGE message copy may include an InvokeID parameter, an SM_RP_DA parameter, an SM_RP_OA parameter, an SM_RP_UI parameter, a User_Error parameter, and a Provider_Error parameter. Detailed descriptions and definitions of these parameters can be found in the above-referenced MAP specification. Message copy  166  is provided to correlation function  144 . In this case, correlation function  144  determines that message  166  is associated with the previously opened media content delivery transaction TDR and some or all of the information contained in message  166  is incorporated into the TDR associated with that transaction. Examples of parameters that may be included in the TDR include a media content provider identifier, a media content recipient identifier, a media content type identifier, a media content title, a time of media content delivery, and a status indicator indicating whether or not delivery of the media content was successful.  
         [0047]     Correlation function  144  may determine that messages  132 ,  136 ,  162 , and  166  are associated with the same media content delivery transaction based on a similarity or other correlation that is identified between functionally similar parameters in the messages or other message attributes (e.g., timestamp information).  
         [0048]     The completed TDR is stored in data server  146  and may subsequently be accessed by one or more media content delivery audit/diagnostic applications, such as content delivery audit application  148 . Application  148  may access, analyze and otherwise use information contained in the TDR to generate various audit and diagnostic reports associated with media content delivery transactions that occur in network  200 .  
         [0049]     The media content TDR or any information in the media content TDR may be used to confirm revenue that should be paid to the wireless network operator (e.g., from the media content provider or from a clearinghouse) associated with the delivery of media content to a wireless network subscriber. In another example, information contained in the TDR may be used by the wireless network operator to verify delivery of the media content to a mobile communications device. For example, if media content transactions appear on the wireless network subscriber&#39;s invoice from the wireless network operator for use of the wireless communications network, the media content TDR may be used by the wireless network operator to generate entries on the invoice for media content downloads and/or to handle disputes from wireless network subscriber regarding the delivery of the media content.  
         [0050]     Alternate embodiments of a RACDA system may be adapted to monitor and analyze media content delivery transactions that employ any number of other suitable communications protocols including IP, HTTP, FTP, hypertext markup language (HTML), extensible markup language (XML), and SIP. For example, a mobile subscriber may use a SIP INFO or a SIP MESSAGE message to request a content download, and a content provider may provide the requested content download to the mobile subscriber using SIP INFO or SIP MESSAGE messages. Regardless of the communications protocol or protocols involved in a media content delivery transaction, a RACDA system is adapted to provide message correlation and reporting functionality similar to that previously described with respect to the SS7-based SMS embodiments.  
         [0051]      FIG. 5  illustrates the media content delivery portion of an exemplary content delivery transaction monitoring scenario that involves a RACDA system embodiment which includes both an external communications link probe  124  and an IMF function  172  that is co-located with signal transfer point/SS7-IP gateway (SG)  170 . In this example, an SMPP-based media content delivery message  160  is received by STP/SG  170  from content provider  102 . IMF function  172  generates a copy of some or all of SMPP message  160  and communicates the message copy  162  to RACDA system  120 . STP/SG  170  routes the original SMPP message  160  to SMSC  128 . The SMSC generates a related MAP-MT-FORWARD-SHORT-MESSAGE message  164 , the media content payload of which is ultimately delivered to the requesting mobile subscriber  114 . The MAP-MT-FORWARD-SHORT-MESSAGE message  164  is detected/observed by probe  124  and a copy of the message is generated. SMS message copy  166  is directed to RACDA module  126 . Once the SMPP and SMS messages are received by RACDA module  126  correlation, analysis, and reporting of the information contained in these messages proceeds in a manner similar to that previously described herein with respect to the external probe-based RACDA system embodiment.  
         [0052]     According to another aspect of the subject matter described herein, RACDA system  120  may be used to generate ratings associated with the delivery of media content to wireless communications subscribers. For example, correlation function  144  of RACDA system  120  may identify messages associated with the delivery of media content to a plurality of wireless communications network subscribers via a wireless communications network. RACDA system  120  may generate, based on the messages, at least one measure indicative of an absolute or relative number of media content delivery being made to the wireless subscribers. The measure may be based on an attribute associated with the media content deliveries, such as a content type or a content title associated with the delivered content. For example, correlation function  144  of RACDA system  120  may generate ratings that indicate the most popular media content download during a time period. In another example, correlation function  144  of RACDA system  120  may generate ratings indicative of the total number of or most popular MP3 files that are being downloaded during a time period.  
         [0053]     It will be understood that various details of the invention may be changed without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the foregoing description is for the purpose of illustration only, and not for the purpose of limitation, as the invention is defined by the claims as set forth hereinafter.