Abstract:
There is provided a card or token for use in financial transactions. The financial transaction token or card has an onboard energy storage device that enables onboard electronics to operate when the card is not in the proximity of a merchant Point-Of-Service (POS) terminal. In one implementation, the onboard energy storage device includes a capacitor such as a thin-film capacitor that stores sufficient energy to power onboard electronics without the need for an onboard battery. The card may be incorporated within various conventional apparatus such as a see-through and/or protective substrate, an item of clothing, an item of jewelry, a cell phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a credit card, an identification card, a money holder, a wallet, a personal organizer, a keychain payment tag, and like personality.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Increasingly, consumers have come to rely on debit, credit, and stored value cards as a preferred vehicle to provide payment for transactions. Credit cards provide ready access to funds, offer financial protection superior to cash or checks, support loyalty programs, and allow consumers to take advantage of purchasing opportunities when funds may not be otherwise available. As debit and stored value cards have become increasingly popular, the need for consumers to carry cash or checkbooks is still further reduced. 
     Within the past few years, card associations and issuers have been providing transaction cards that are enhanced with features beyond the typical embossed account number, expiration date, cardholder name, and signature area. “Smart cards,” for example, have now come into popular use, and allow for enhanced security of both debit and credit cards by use of onboard integrated circuits to provide memory and optional microprocessor functionality. Smart cards and other enhanced or memory cards or tokens have found uses from replacements for simple embossed credit/debit cards, toll booth payment, ATM card replacements, and even Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards in cellular handsets. 
     Even though smart cards and electronics-enhanced cards have provided improvements over traditional credit cards, they suffer from a number of deficiencies. For example, electronics circuitry on enhanced financial transaction cards must receive externally-provided power to operate. To obtain power from a merchant&#39;s financial or Point-Of-Service (POS) terminal, contact-type smart cards use a physical connector interface; two of such interfaces are defined ISO standards 7810 and 7816. However, many types of cards not in physical contact with a POS terminal or other power source cannot operate, and therefore these cards are necessarily inactive at all other times. Alternatively, some enhanced financial transaction cards obtain power from a terminal-generated RF electromagnetic field by way of an inductor that is part of the card&#39;s circuitry. For example, ISO 14443 defines a popular contactless financial transaction card protocol. However, current contactless cards must be in close proximity to the properly modulated electromagnetic field in order to operate (10 cm in the case of ISO 14443-compliant cards). Due to the intentionally limited power and range of such short range fields, RF-powered cards cannot operate outside of the immediate area of a merchant&#39;s POS terminal, and may not have sufficient power in some cases to provide sophisticated electronic computations or allow more power consuming circuitry such as displays. Further, embedded chips of some contactless smart cards often employ cryptographic security algorithms that can be “cracked” or decoded if the time and electrical current required for certain encryption or decryption operations is measured. Several demonstrations of this mode of account compromise have been demonstrated, and thus, the possibility of surreptitious measurement of such parameters without knowledge of the cardholder presents a significant security risk. 
     What is needed then is a financial transaction card or token that provides an onboard power source. What is further needed is a financial transaction card or token that has an onboard power source that does not utilize the hazardous chemicals associated with typical power sources such as replaceable or rechargeable batteries. What is also needed is a financial transaction card or token that has a power source that is rechargeable and has a form factor that may be used with common credit card form factors. What is further needed is a financial transaction token with electronic circuitry that can operate in an environment significantly removed from a POS terminal. What is also needed is a financial transaction token that utilizes an onboard power source to provide cryptographic security and protect the token when not in use. What is still further needed is a financial transaction token that may reprogram itself using an onboard power source to encode a variety of types of account information, thereby allowing for payment flexibility of the financial transaction token. What is also needed is a financial transaction token that allows the holder to view information stored in the token without being in proximity to a POS terminal. 
     SUMMARY 
     There is provided an apparatus for a token to complete financial transactions. The financial transaction token or card has an onboard energy storage device that enables onboard electronics to operate when the token or card is not in the proximity of a merchant terminal (e.g.; a POS terminal). In one implementation, the onboard energy storage device includes a capacitor such as a thin-film capacitor that stores sufficient energy to power the token&#39;s onboard electronics without the need for an onboard battery. The financial transaction token may be incorporated within an apparatus such as a plastic substrate, an item of clothing, an item of jewelry, a cell phone, a PDA, a credit card, an identification card, a money holder, a wallet, a personal organizer, or a keychain payment tag. 
     In one implementation, the financial transaction token includes a capacitor that energizes the token&#39;s electronics circuitry. An exposed region is provided for encoding data including an account to pay for a transaction. The encoding renders data in several alternate or complementary formats, such as light- or laser-scannable bar coding on a display, electromagnetic signals that are transmitted to a merchant receiver, external contact pads for a contact-based pickup, and a magnetic stripe assembly. In one implementation, the token is reprogrammable by the holder by inputting information to a user interface, and a processor in the token accepts the information and runs software in a processor located within the token. This reprogrammable feature enables the holder of the token to secure the token by erasing a display or magnetic stripe or locking the token from unauthorized use. The token, when access is granted, may perform calculations such as adding a tip from a predetermined tip percentage, or selecting payment to occur from a variety of different financial accounts. In one implementation, a magnetic stripe assembly in proximity to the token is reprogrammable, so that the processor may select a particular account from user input, and provide instructions to reprogram the magnetic stripe. The reprogrammed stripe may then be swiped through a conventional merchant magnetic stripe reader to initiate payment for a transaction. In another implementation, the token also includes a memory that may optionally be maintained by the onboard energy source. 
     In another implementation, a financial transaction card is provided that has a substantially rigid substrate not unlike conventional credit cards and an onboard energy storage device such as a thin-film capacitor. The card includes, in one implementation, a conventional or reprogrammable magnetic stripe assembly that is disposed proximal the substrate. As mentioned previously, the reprogrammable substrate may be configured by a processor that is commanded through cardholder inputs. In one implementation, the cardholder provides input through an array of contact pads or blister buttons, and optionally may have access to an on/off button that may turn on the card to accept input, or turn the card off into a power-saving mode. Alternately, the user input section may include a biometric input device that scans fingerprints or other biometric data to authenticate the user of the card, or may have a pressure-sensitive area for inputting a predetermined access glyph such as by a card user dragging a fingertip over a pad to reproduce a symbol that the card user has previously identified. 
     Various features and advantages of the invention can be more fully appreciated with reference to the detailed description and accompanying drawings that follow. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The features, objects, and advantages of embodiments of the disclosure will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which like elements bear like reference numerals. 
         FIG. 1  depicts a block diagram of an exemplary implementation of a financial transaction token including a data encoding area and a charging interface; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates possible alternate implementations of the data encoding area seen in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIGS. 3A-3B  show front and rear views, respectively, of an exemplary implementation of a financial transaction token; 
         FIGS. 3C-3D  show front and rear views, respectively, of another exemplary implementation of a financial transaction token; 
         FIGS. 4A-4B  show a front and rear views, respectively, of yet another exemplary implementation of a financial transaction token; 
         FIGS. 5A-5B  show illustrations of a pendulum and piezoelectric crystal implementation of the charging interface seen in  FIG. 1 ; and 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an exemplary process for the use of various contemplated implementations a financial transaction token. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     A block diagram for an exemplary implementation of a financial transaction token  100  is seen  FIG. 1 . The financial transaction token  100  comprises an assembly  102  that houses, supports, and/or integrates the components shown in  FIG. 1 . The financial transaction token includes a processor  105 , which those of skill in the relevant arts will appreciate may comprise a microprocessor chip, a microcontroller chip, an ASIC, or a smart card chip. The processor  105  is coupled to a power circuit  115 . The power circuit  115  provides power to the token&#39;s electronic components  105 ,  110 ,  130 ,  145 , and  150 , and may further include signals indicating charging or connection status. The processor  105  is further coupled to signal busses  120 ,  122 , and  125 , which those of skill in the relevant arts will recognize may be comprised of a plurality of individual dedicated signal circuits, commonly shared signal busses, bidirectional signal circuits, unidirectional signal circuits, or combinations thereof. In one implementation, signal busses  120 ,  122 , and  125  comprise a single commonly shared address/data bus with associated control signals. The processor is coupled to a memory  110  through signal bus  125 . The memory  110  may comprise volatile memory such as CMOS or DRAM memory, nonvolatile memory such as ROM, PROM, EEPROM, or flash memory, or combinations thereof, and such memory may be included in total or in part upon the same integrated circuit substrate as the processor  105 . The memory  110 , if of volatile type, may have its data values preserved by power provided by the connected power circuit  115 . Data stored in memory  110  may include code or program instructions which, when executed by processor  105 , performs at least part of a process  600  seen in  FIG. 6  as described below. 
     An onboard energy storage device  150  is coupled to and energizes the power circuit  115 . Those of skill in the relevant arts will also recognize that energy storage devices such as batteries, inductors, capacitors, or combinations thereof may be utilized to implement the energy storage device  150 . In one implementation, energy storage device  150  comprises a thin film capacitor, and may utilize a single dielectric or a multilayer configuration alternating conducting layers and dielectric layers. A number of dielectrics such as polyester, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyimide, PTFE, PET, and combinations thereof may be utilized in such thin film capacitor implementations. A substantially planar thin film capacitor implementation is beneficial for implementation in the instant financial transaction token circuit, as the substantially planar form factor may be applied on a surface of a financial transaction card or token, or may be wholly or partially buried within a cavity defined within the substrate of a financial transaction card or token  100 . Implementation of the energy storage device  150  as a single or multilayer capacitor also provides the benefit of avoiding the use of the leakable and potentially dangerous electrolytes associated with batteries, while also allowing quick rechargeability. With no toxic electrolytes needed in the capacitor implementation, the financial transaction token  100  may be more safely carried in a wallet or purse, and may also be disposed of with fewer environment toxicity concerns. 
     The energy storage device  150 , via a coupling  157 , is in electrical communication with a charging interface  155 . Those of skill in the relevant arts will readily recognize that the charging interface  155  may be implemented with electrical contacts to an external charger, or an inductor for receiving power via electromagnetic radiation. In one implementation, charging interface  155  further includes one or more piezoelectric crystals electrically connected, via coupling  157 , to the energy storage device  150 , and a movable pendulum mass that strikes the piezoelectric crystals as the token  100  is moved. Turning to  FIG. 5A , a piezoelectric charger implementation of the charging interface  155  is shown. A movable pendulum mass  500  rotates  505 , preferably in a substantially planar motion, about a pinned end  510 . The pendulum mass  500  also has an impact end  525 , that is disposed between and may strike either of two piezoelectric crystals  520 ,  521 . As the crystals  520 ,  521  are electrically coupled  157  to the energy storage device  150 , impacts of the pendulum mass  500  cause pulses of current to be delivered to the energy storage device  150  thus charging the storage device  150 .  FIG. 5B  provides an illustration of the pendulum  500  moving  506  to strike crystal  521 , and likewise, the pendulum mass  500  may move the opposite direction to strike the other crystal  520 . 
     Returning to  FIG. 1 , a user interface  130  is also provided, and is coupled to the power circuit  115  and to the processor  105  via signal bus  122 . In one implementation, the user interface may include one or more conventional displays  135  that may output text, graphics, or a combination. The display  135  may be implemented in such formats as a liquid crystal display, a thin film transistor display, touch screen, or organic LED display. The user interface  130  also includes an optional data entry apparatus  140 . In one implementation, the data entry apparatus  140  may include an array of buttons labeled in a manner such as a QWERTY keyboard, a touch pad, a touch screen, or in a more simplistic implementation, as a telephone touch pad with alphanumeric key assignments. In one implementation, the buttons in the data entry apparatus  140  may comprise blister buttons commonly known in the art. The user interface  130  may also include an optional on/off button that activates the card for selecting desired account access, performing a calculation, or authenticating a user. 
     A data encoding area  145  is also provided. The data encoding area receives data and/or commands for displaying text or graphical information from bus  120 , and receives power from power circuit  115 . As the processor  105  may select the appropriate data based on user input to the user interface  130 , a variety of data may be provided. In one implementation, the information provided to the data encoding area  145  may comprise health care information, personal identity information, biometric data, music, video data, or a combination thereof, and is considered interchangeable with the term “account data” used herein. 
     Turning to  FIG. 2 , possible implementations  200  of the data encoding area  145  are shown. Data encoding area  145  is shown with an optional shielding element  145 A, which allows desired electromagnetic, optical, or radiative signals to penetrate while protecting the data encoding area  145  from physical abuse or damage. The token  100  may optionally have areas outside of the data encoding area  145  shielded from physical abuse or otherwise acceptable forms of electromagnetic radiation. Some of the acceptable signals that are allowed to penetrate the shielding  145 A and may include, but are not limited to, signals accompanying a magnetic field, RFID signals, IrDA signals, visible light, invisible light, modulated laser, and/or modulated RF communication signals. By way of example and not by way of limitation, selective shielding element  145 A may comprise a clear plastic shield, conformal coatings, an opaque plastic shield, or a clear thin film, depending on the implementation of data encoding area  145 . 
     Non-limiting examples of the data encoding area are shown at reference numeral  200 , and include a magnetic stripe assembly  210 , an antenna and/or transceiver  220 , a display and/or touch screen  230 , and electrical contacts  240 . The magnetic stripe assembly  210  may comprise, in one implementation, a reprogrammable magnetic stripe that accepts data and/or commands from the processor  105  and formats and renders that data into a form on a magnetic stripe that is readable by conventional merchant magnetic stripe-reading POS terminals. In this manner, the processor  105  may program a particular account for use in a transaction as a function of user input selecting the account. Alternatively, the processor  105  may erase the magnetic stripe of the assembly  210 , rendering the card useless in the event of its loss or theft. 
     Continuing with  FIG. 2 , another implementation of the data encoding area  145  is shown as an antenna and/or transceiver  220 . The antenna  220  may include commonly used loop inductors such as the one shown  220 A or in those shown in related ISO standards for RF-readable smart cards. With such an interface, account data may be translated, modulated and transmitted in a manner acceptable by an RF contactless merchant Point-Of-Service (POS) terminal. 
     The data encoding area  145  may also be represented with a display and/or touch screen  230 . Account data may be rendered in the form of an optically-readable area, such as a one dimensional or two dimensional bar code  230 A. In this manner, merchant POS terminals may optically scan the display area  230  with conventional laser scanners, and obtain account information without the need for expensive contactless RF POS terminals. As the display is electronically reconfigurable with information provided by the processor  105 , the token  100  may represent any number of accounts for transaction payment based on the user&#39;s preference and input to the user interface  130 . Also, as a security feature, the display may be blanked or filled with a decorative or entertaining graphic when the user has not provided an optional security access code, pad stroke, or pin number to the user interface  130 . Alternatively, the display  230  may comprise a touch screen, and the user may provide authentication information by touching the display  230  in specified areas to indicate sequences of pin numbers, selected graphical elements, or drag strokes that match a predetermined access criterion stored within the memory  110 . 
     External contacts  240  are yet another alternative implementation of the data encoding area  145  shown in  FIG. 2 . With the financial transaction token  100  possessing physical contacts such as an array of conductive pads or shapes  240 A, the financial transaction token may be placed in physical contact with a merchant POS terminals, and the external contacts  240  may establish connectivity to the merchant&#39;s financial processing system. The processor  105  may relay account-related information to the merchant POS terminal through the contact interface, thereby allowing the token  100  to be utilized with the large number of preexisting merchant POS terminals that accept smart cards. As with the other implementations  210 ,  220 , and  230  of the data encoding area  145 , a combination of techniques may be utilized within the data encoding area to provide flexibility of use and ease of merchant access to account information. 
     Turning to  FIGS. 3A-3D  and  4 A- 4 B, various and exemplary implementations of a financial transaction card  300  are shown. The substrate of the card  300  is substantially rigid and thin as are conventional credit or debit cards, and possesses substantially similar dimensions as existing credit, debit, stored value, or smart cards. In one implementation, the thickness of card  300  exceeds that of conventional credit, debit, or stored value cards in order to accommodate circuitry, electronics, displays, and/or interface elements. The substrate of the card  300  contains embedded processor  105  and memory  110 , and a circuit topology as described in regards to the block diagram for token  100  of  FIG. 1 . 
     In  FIG. 3A , a front side of card  300  is shown with an array of buttons  310  and an on/off button  305  comprising elements of the user interface  130 . The front side of the card  300  also includes a display  135  for outputting alphanumeric text or graphics, such as an account number and expiration date. An array of physical contacts  350  is shown, which may be utilized in conjunction with data entry  140 , the data encoding area  145 , and/or the charging interface  155 . Those of skill in the relevant arts will readily appreciate that the contacts  350  shown in  FIGS. 3A-3D  may include more or less electrical contact elements than those shown depending on the particular use, and may be located together or separately on any side or portion of the card  300  as required by merchant POS terminals, interoperability requirements, or circuit topology. 
       FIG. 3C  shows a front view of an alternate implementation of card  300 , with a similar array of buttons  310  and an on/off button  305  comprising elements of the user interface  130 . An array of physical contacts  350  is shown, which may be utilized in conjunction with data entry  140 , the data encoding area  145 , and/or the charging interface  155 . A display  135  is shown encoding a barcode that may be scanned by an optical scanner available at merchant locations, and may relay data from processor  105  (embedded, not shown) to provide account-related or other data. A display  230  as part of an implementation of the data encoding area  145  is also shown, with a 2-d barcode illustrated that is readable by optical means to provide account-related or other data that was relayed by the processor  105 . Those of skill in the relevant arts will recognize that such combination of features may be interchanged with those described in other aspects of the financial transaction token. 
       FIG. 4A  shows a front view of another implementation of card  300 , with a similar array of buttons  310  and an on/off button  305  comprising elements of the user interface  130 . An array of physical contacts  350  is shown, which may be utilized in conjunction with data entry  140 , the data encoding area  145 , and/or the charging interface  155 . The user interface  130  of the card shown in  FIG. 4A  also includes a touch pad or touch screen  405 . The touch pad or screen  405  accepts inputs from physical contact by either a stylus, pen, or fingertip, and in one implementation, allows a user to provide input to authorize use of the card. 
     In one implementation, the user turns on the card by depressing the on/off button  305 , then produces a stroke on the pad/screen  405  by dragging a fingertip or stylus across the pad or screen area  405  to reproduce a symbol or glyph substantially similar to a symbol pre-programmed into the processor  105  and memory  110  (embedded, not shown). Once the symbol or glyph is entered by the user on the pad/screen  405 , the processor compares its features with a pre-stored graphical implementation and if the symbol&#39;s features are within a predetermined range, the card  300  is enabled for use, otherwise an invalid entry message is output to display  135  and use is further inhibited until the successful glyph or symbol is entered. 
       FIGS. 3B ,  3 D, and  4 B show rear views of respective implementations of a financial transaction card  300 . The card  300  has a magnetic stripe  330  which like conventional magnetic stripe fields, is readable in preexisting merchant POS terminals or ATMs. The magnetic stripe  330 , as part of the data encoding area  145  and magnetic stripe assembly  210  may optionally be programmable by data and commands sent from the embedded processor  105  and memory  110 . 
     Also shown on the card  300  is an optional array of physical contacts  350 , which, as described above may be utilized in conjunction with data entry apparatus  140 , the data encoding area  145 , and/or the charging interface  155 . Those of skill in the relevant arts will also recognize that other of the aforementioned data encoding elements  145  or user interface elements  130  may reside on the back surface of the card  300 , and this orientation may be preferential to preserve account security or allow additional features on a limited card area. 
     An energy storage device  150  is shown embedded in the card  300  in  FIGS. 3B and 3D , and may comprise a thin film capacitor. Those of skill in the relevant arts will recognize that such a capacitor may be applied to the surface of the card  300  as shown in  FIG. 4B  at reference numeral  150  rather than being located within a substrate cavity in the card  300 , and may have an optional protective film, conformal coating, or encapsulant added to protect the capacitor. Those of skill in the relevant arts will also recognize that an energy storage device  150  may comprise any number of shapes and may occupy significantly all or part of the cross sectional area defined by the outer perimeter of the card  300 . In the illustration shown in  FIG. 3B , for example, the energy storage device  150  spans covers an area approximately two thirds of the cross-sectional area of the card  300  but could be configured to cover more or less area depending on the amount of energy storage desired and the particular layout of the card&#39;s circuitry. In  FIG. 3D , the buried energy storage device  150  resides under the magnetic stripe  330  and does not occupy space in proximity to the physical contacts  350 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates an exemplary process  600  for the use of various implementations of a financial transaction token such as financial transaction token  100  seen in  FIG. 1 . In step  610  the financial transaction token  100  or card  300  is turned on so that the processor  105  may assume an active state and operate by retrieving and executing program instructions stored in the memory  110 . The power-on condition may be triggered by one or more of the following conditions: (a) inserting the token  100  or card  300  into a merchant POS terminal and making contact between electrical contacts in the token  100  or card  300  and the merchant POS terminal; (b) inserting the token  100  or card  300  into a user device such as a cell phone, PDA, charger, or accessory; (c) attaching an electrical connector such as a USB or Firewire connector to the token  100  or card  300 ; (d) depressing an on/off button  305  and/or holding the on/off button down for a predetermined period of time; (e) depressing a general purpose button  310 ; (f) touching a touch screen or touch pad  405 ; or (g) bringing a token  100  or card  300  equipped with an antenna/transceiver  220  within range of an RF merchant POS terminal. Once the token  100  or card  300  has been turned on, a display  135  or  230  may optionally display an indicia that the card is on and ready for use and/or authentication. 
     In step  620 , the user is optionally authenticated, so that lost or stolen cards may not be used by an unauthorized party. Tokens  100  or cards  300  utilizing this step will not be usable to furnish data or complete financial transactions until the authentication requirement has been satisfied. The requirement can be met a number of ways: (a) the user or cardholder drags a fingertip or stylus across the pad or screen area  405  to reproduce a symbol or glyph substantially similar to a symbol pre-programmed into the processor  105  and memory  110 , and once the symbol or glyph is entered by the user on the pad/screen  405 , the processor compares its features with a pre-stored representation of a graphical element to determine that the entered symbol&#39;s features are within a predetermined range when compared to the pre-stored representation; (b) the user or cardholder enters a pin number or passphrase into the card&#39;s user interface  130  such as by depressing a series of keys  310  or touching labeled locations on a touch pad or touch screen  405 , and the pin or passphrase matches a respective reference pin or passphrase pre-stored in the memory  110 ; (c) a biometric aspect of the user or cardholder is scanned and compared to a predetermined biometric value pre-stored in the memory  110 ; or (d) the card is used in a preauthorized context such as certain trusted merchants, the identity of which is stored in the memory  110 . If authorization fails, the user or cardholder is notified by an optional output on a display  135 , and authorization may be re-attempted. Optionally, if a predetermined number of unsuccessfully attempts occurs, the token  100  or card  300  is locked out from further transactions until a reset of the token  100  or card  300  occurs by an authorized party. If the optional authorization succeeds, the card is enabled for use. 
     In optional step  630 , the user or cardholder provides input to the token  100  or card  300  to conduct an operation such as selecting an account for which to provide payment for a transaction, performing a calculation, obtaining stored data, storing new data, or modifing user data parameters such as a pin number, passphrase, or authorization glyph or symbol. If no user input is provided, the token  100  or card  300  will be configured to a default state, which may include the previous state or condition of the card when last used. If an account for a transaction or a request for information is selected, the processor  105  obtains the respective data from the memory  110  and renders the to the data encoding area  145  in a form appropriate for the particular mode of output  200 . Thus, a token  100  or card  300  may be configured for a particular use, for instance for a user&#39;s personal credit account versus that user&#39;s business account, or for a particular issuer&#39;s account among many that are available to the user. For example, if a cardholder&#39;s personal Visa account was selected, the reprogrammable magnetic stripe  330  could be reprogrammed to provide information related to that personal Visa account from the values stored in memory  110 . 
     Once the token  100  or card  300  is ready for use, data is transferred to the intended destination. This may occur by (a) the user or cardholder reading an output from a display  135 ; (b) a merchant obtaining data through a scan of the magnetic stripe  330 ; (c) a merchant optically scanning a barcode that is displayed in a data encoding area  145 ; (d) a merchant reading an electromagnetic signal transmitted from the data encoding area  145 ; (e) the merchant receiving data through electrical contacts of the merchant&#39;s POS terminal that are in physical contact with those provided on the token  100  or card  300 ; or (f) data is obtained through an electrical connector attached to the token  100  or card  300 . Once the data is transferred, for instance, a merchant may complete a financial transaction using the data provided by the token  100  or card  300 . 
     Optionally, after the data is transferred  640 , the token  100  or card  300  is secured  650  so that only authorized parties may access the token  100  or card  300  and then turned off  660  so that the processor  105  may assume a standby state to conserve energy on the onboard energy storage device  150 . This optional securing step  650  and the poweroff step  660  may be initiated through one or more of the following techniques: (a) allowing a predetermined period of time to pass without inputting any information to the user interface  130 ; (b) removing the token  100  or card  300  from contact a merchant POS terminal; (c) breaking contact between electrical contacts in the token  100  or card  300  and a merchant POS terminal, charging device, external power source, or conventional electrical connector (e.g.; USB or Firewire™ (IEEE 1394)); (d) removing the token  100  or card  300  from a user device such as a cell phone, PDA, charger, or accessory; (e) depressing an on/off button  305  and/or holding the on/off button down for a predetermined period of time; (f) depressing a predetermined sequence of general purpose buttons  310 ; (f) touching a predetermined area of touch screen or touch pad  405 ; or (g) removing the token  100  or card  300  equipped with an antenna/transceiver  220  from the range of an RF merchant POS terminal. Once the appropriate condition has occurred to initiate shutdown, optionally, the token  100  or card  300  erases its reprogrammable magnetic stripe  330 , refuses additional inputs except power on and/or authentication inputs, and/or encrypts data stored in the memory  110 . Optionally, an indicia may be output to a display  135 , indicating that the card is locked and secured. 
     The steps of a method, process, or algorithm described in connection with the implementations disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The various steps or acts in a method or process may be performed in the order shown in  FIG. 6 , or may be performed in another order. Additionally, one or more process steps may be omitted or one or more process steps may be added to the processes. An additional step, block, or action may be added in the beginning, end, or intervening existing elements of such processes. 
     The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person of ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.