Abstract:
A vehicle safety device comprises a seat mounted within a passenger compartment of the vehicle, wherein the seat is movably connected to a vehicle frame by a seat position adjusting mechanism which allows the seat to move along an axis between a forward-most position and a rearward-most position. An air-bag is mounted within the passenger compartment in front of the forward-most position of the seat, with the forward-most position of the seat defined as a position of the seat in which a distance between a passenger seated in the seat and the air-bag is equal to a minimum safe clearance. In addition, a method of maintaining a minimum safe clearance between an air-bag mounted in a vehicle and a vehicle passenger includes the steps of preventing motion of a seat toward the air-bag beyond a forward-most position wherein, when in the forward-most position, a passenger seated in the seat is separated from the air-bag by a predetermined minimum safe clearance and providing a position adjusting mechanism for at least one vehicle control pedal to allow a passenger seated in the seat to adjust a distance between the seat and the at least one pedal by moving the at least one pedal toward and away from the seat. The invention also contemplates an automatic seat positioning system which takes into account both seat to air-bag distance and eye height and automatically, optimally positions a passenger to better insure safety and comfort.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/101,487, filed Sep. 23, 1998; U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/105,245, filed Oct. 22, 1998 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/105,595, filed Oct. 26, 1998. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to safety systems and methods for vehicles and more particularly relates to vehicle air-bag systems which, in operation, take into account a clearance between a vehicle passenger and an air-bag. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Although statistics indicate that vehicles equipped with air-bags have enhanced passenger safety, under certain conditions air-bags have been identified as the primary source of passenger injuries and have even been cited in several cases as causing death. Deaths have been directly attributed to air-bags predominantly in low-speed accidents. However, despite the difficulty in nailing down a single cause of death in high-speed accidents, it is likely that air-bags have also played a significant role in deaths resulting from high-speed accidents. 
     A large number of these injuries have involved shorter drivers—more specifically, drivers 5′ 0″ or less in height—who adjust the seat position so that a distance between the air-bag and the driver are reduced below a safe clearance. Of course, it should be understood that drivers taller than 5′0″ may also position themselves within the minimum safe clearance and this positioning is dangerous regardless of the height of the driver. In known systems, as all of the adjustment for drivers of various sizes is generally done through seat movement, shorter drivers are often positioned much closer to the steering wheel (and the air-bag contained therein) than are taller drivers. As indicated above, this often results in shorter drivers (e.g., 5′ 0″ or less in height), along with taller drivers who chose to sit close to the steering wheel, being positioned within a predetermined safe clearance. Depending on the air-bag system used, the safe clearance may vary. However, a 10″ clearance between the driver and the air-bag is usually sufficient to eliminate the negative effects of air-bag systems. 
     Conventional seats generally allow adjustment of the driver&#39;s seat between a rearward-most position and a forward-most position separated by a distance sufficient to accommodate the range of leg lengths in the adult population, e.g., approximately 8″. These systems primarily address differences in leg length as differences in arm and torso length among the population are less substantial. 
     Thus, in order to operate the pedals in prior systems, shorter adults were forced to move the seat forward, often to the forward-most position while a portion of taller adults also chose to move the seat beyond the safe clearance. This causes a corresponding distance closure between the drivers chest and head and the steering wheel in which the air-bag is often located. Thus, when the seat is in the forward-most position, a driver will be separated from the steering wheel by a distance less than the required minimum safe clearance. 
     This problem has been addressed by systems which determine when the driver is positioned closer than the minimum safe clearance and then adjust or suspend air-bag operation. In addition to disabling air-bags when the clearance is unsafe, prior systems have slowed the rate of air-bag inflation or inflated the air-bag in stages. However, these systems may deprive shorter drivers of the full effectiveness of the air-bag system. 
     Other areas of concern are in the appropriate use of reduced inflation bags and in post-crash escape and rescue actions. Seat belts, automatic door locks and electric windows often become liabilities following severe impact, rollover, or in submerged vehicle situations. 
     However, little attention has been paid to computerized safety automation and post-crash escape as they relate to these features. Rather, industry efforts have been directed to manual devices such as the “Pointed Window Breaking Hammer” now offered as a car safety accessory to expedite escape. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a vehicle safety device comprising a seat mounted within a passenger compartment of the vehicle, wherein the seat is movably connected to a vehicle frame by a seat position adjusting mechanism which allows the seat to move along an axis between a forward-most position and a rearward-most position. An air-bag is mounted within the passenger compartment in front of the forward-most position of the seat, with the forward-most position of the seat defined as a position of the seat in which a distance between a passenger seated in the seat and the air-bag is equal to a minimum safe clearance. 
     The present invention is also directed to a method of maintaining a minimum safe clearance between an air-bag mounted in a vehicle and a vehicle passenger including the steps of preventing motion of a seat toward the air-bag beyond a forward-most position wherein, when in the forward-most position, a passenger seated in the seat is separated from the air-bag by a predetermined minimum safe clearance and providing a position adjusting mechanism for at least one vehicle control pedal to allow a passenger seated in the seat to adjust a distance between the seat and the at least one pedal by moving the at least one pedal toward and away from the seat. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1A shows a driver side view of a passenger compartment of a vehicle equipped with a vehicle safety system according to a first embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 1B shows a passenger side view of a passenger compartment of a vehicle equipped with a vehicle safety system according to a first embodiment of the inventions. 
     FIG. 2 shows a partially cross-sectional side view of a first pedal position adjustment apparatus for use with the first embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 3 shows a partially cross-sectional side view of a second pedal position adjustment apparatus for use with the first embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 4 shows a partially cross-sectional front view of the pedal position adjustment apparatus of FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 5 shows a partially cross-sectional side view of a third pedal position adjustment apparatus for use with the first embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 6 shows a plan diagram of a computer controlled vehicle safety system according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 7A shows a partially cross-sectional side view of a fourth pedal position adjustment apparatus for use with the first embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 7B shows a partially cross-sectional side view of another exemplary fourth pedal position adjustment apparatus for use with the first embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the pedal position adjustment mechanism of FIG.  7 A and/or FIG. 7B taken on a plane perpendicular to that of FIG.  7 A and/or FIG.  7 B. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     FIG. 1A shows a system according to the present invention in which a driver positioned on a seat  2  adjusts the position of the seat  2  to a desired position between rearward and forward-most positions separated by a distance X. Then, the driver adjusts the position of the pedals  4  so that, when in the desired seat position, the driver can comfortably reach the pedals  4  (accelerator, brake, clutch, etc.). Those skilled in the art will understand that any known manual or automatic seat positioning mechanism may be employed in a vehicle safety device according to the invention. For example, as is known in the art, a seat position adjusting mechanism may include a lever  11  which, in a first position, prevents the seat  2  from moving forward and rearward and which, in a second position, releases the seat  2  so that the seat  2  may be moved forward and rearward by a passenger seated in the seat  2 . 
     A vehicle safety system according to the present invention limits the motion of the seat  2  toward the steering wheel  6  or other point of deployment of an air-bag  8  so that a distance A between the driver and the air-bag  8  is at least a minimum safe clearance. Thereafter, the remainder of any further reduction of the distance between the driver and the pedals  4  is achieved by a rearward adjustment of the position of the foot pedals  4 . 
     By providing limited adjustment of the position of the seat  2 , drivers may still adjust for the relatively smaller variations in chest depth and arm length while the adjustment of the position of the pedals  4  allows for the larger adjustments necessary to accommodate differences in leg length. 
     The minimum safe clearance may be maintained by limiting seat back motion toward the steering wheel  6  center to a distance equal to the minimum safe clearance plus a value for a minimum adult chest depth (e.g., approximately 8″). Thus, for a 10″ minimum safe clearance and using 8″ for the minimum adult chest depth, the seat  2  would be prevented from moving forward past a point where the seat back is 18″ from the steering wheel  6 . In such a system, as pedal position adjustment allows for the greater difference in leg length, a distance between the forward-most and rearward-most positions of the seat, allowing only for the lesser differences between chest depth and arm length, could be reduced to approximately 2½″. Then, providing 6″ of adjustment between forward-most and rearward-most positions of the foot pedals  4  makes available to the driver of such a vehicle an amount of total adjustment of the distance between the driver and the pedals  4  comparable to that provided in previous systems. Those skilled in the art will understand that, although distances between the driver and the steering wheel  6  are being discussed as examples, the only distance that matters is that between an occupant of the vehicle (driver or passenger) and the air-bag cover, which is a distance A from the steering wheel located airbag for the driver of FIG.  1 A and which is a distance A′ from the dashboard located airbag for the passenger of FIG.  1 B. 
     FIG. 2 shows a manual system for pedal position adjustment which operates similarly to the mechanisms in use for manual adjustment of seat position. When a lever  12  is moved into a release position, a pedal slide mechanism  14  coupled between the frame of the vehicle  1  and the pedals  4  is released into an unlocked configuration in which a pedal slide housing  18  and, consequently, the pedals  4  may be slid forward and rearward relative to the vehicle dashboard  16  (FIG. 1) to a desired position. When the lever  12  is moved from the release position to a locked position, the pedal slide housing  18  is locked into the desired position. Of course, the lever  12  may be biased toward the locked position, e.g., by a spring, so that the lever  12  automatically returns to the locked position when released. Those skilled in the art will realize that, if desired, individual pedals  4  may be mounted to separate pedal slide mechanisms  14  thereby allowing each pedal  4  to be adjusted to an optimum position. Alternatively, the pedals  4  may be coupled together for motion forward and rearward in unison so that a predetermined relative positioning of the pedals  4  is maintained. 
     The pedal  4  of FIG. 2 is pivotally coupled to a slide housing  18  for rotation about an axle  20  with an upper extension  24  of the pedal bar  22 . The upper extension  24  abuts a first pin  26  which is slidably received in a channel  28  formed in the slide housing  18  and a first pulley  30  is pivotally mounted on the first pin  26 . A second pulley  32  is pivotally mounted on a second pin  34  which is fixedly coupled to the slide housing  18  and a cable  36  extends from an anchor  38 , around the first and second pulleys  30 ,  32 , through a firewall  40  via a conduit  41  to an actuator  98   a  which operates a vehicle control device  99 , e.g., clutch, brake or accelerator. 
     The letter P in FIG. 2 indicates the position of the pedal  4  in a pressed position while the letter U indicates the position of the pedal  4  in an unpressed position. When in the unpressed position U, the upper extension  24  extends substantially vertically so that the first pin  26  and the first pulley  30  are positioned at the front of the channel  28  as the pedal  4  is biased into the unpressed position U by, for example, a spring or other known mechanism. In the unpressed position U with the first pulley  30  at the front of the channel  28 , a portion of the cable  36  extending between the anchor  38  and the first pulley  30  is at a minimum length thereby operating the actuator into a configuration corresponding to the unpressed condition of the pedal  4 . When the pedal  4  is depressed to the pressed position P, the upper extension  24  rotates (clockwise as seen in FIG. 2) to the position indicated by the dashed line pushing the first pin  26  and the first pulley  30  rearward in the channel  28  and increasing the length of the portion of the cable  36  which extends between the first pulley  30  and the anchor  38 . This draws the actuator into a configuration corresponding to the pressed position P of the pedal  4 . 
     The slide housing  18  is slidably mounted to a channel member  42  which is rigidly coupled to a lower surface of the dashboard  16  or bracketed to the firewall  40  for motion between forward-most and rearward-most pedal positions separated by a distance B. Those skilled in the art will understand that regardless of the position of the slide housing  18  along the channel member  42 , the total cable length from the firewall  40  to anchor  38  remains constant and, therefore, the action of the cable  36  on the actuator will be unchanged by an adjustment of the position of the slide housing  18 . Thus, the position of the pedal  4  may be adjusted forward and rearward without affecting the operation of the actuator or the corresponding vehicle control device. 
     FIG. 3 shows an adjustable pedal position mechanism substantially similar to that of FIG. 2 except that the slide housing  18  extends further vertically with the first pulley  30  arranged below the second pulley  32  as opposed to the lateral arrangement depicted in FIG. 2 and, in addition, FIG. 3 shows a mechanism for locking the pedal slide mechanism  14  in a desired position. In addition, FIG. 3 shows an exemplary mechanism for locking the slide housing  18  and, consequently, the pedal  4  in a desired position along the channel member  42 . The locking mechanism includes a ridged plate  44  biased toward an upper surface of the slide housing  18  by springs  46 . The ridged plate  44  includes a plurality of projections  48  sized to be received in recesses  50  formed in an upper surface of the slide housing  18 . The ridged plate  44  is coupled to the lever  12  so that, when the lever  12  is pulled upward, the ridged plate  44  is disengaged from the slide housing  18  and the slide housing  18  may be freely slid forwardly and rearwardly along the channel  42 . Then, when the lever  12  is released after adjusting the pedal  4  to the desired position, springs  46  move the ridged plate  44  down into engagement with the recesses  50  of the slide housing  18  to maintain the slide housing  18  in the desired position. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described locking mechanism is exemplary only and that any number of known mechanisms may be used to lock the channel in the desired position. 
     FIG. 4 shows a partially cross-sectional front view of the adjustable pedal position mechanism of FIG. 3 showing two pedals  4  mounted to slide housings  18  which are rigidly coupled to one another via a connecting member  52  so that the position of both pedals  4  relative to one another is maintained constant as the adjustable pedal position mechanism is operated to achieve a desired pedal position. As indicated by the third pedal  4  shown in dotted lines in FIG. 4, those skilled in the art will recognize that any number of pedals may be interlinked for common forward and rearward motion with this mechanism. In the alternative, additional pedals may be de-linked from the first two pedals to allow independent positioning thereof. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that one or more slide housings  18  may be formed as a single one-piece unit together with the corresponding connecting members  52  so that the unit as a whole moves along the channel  42 . 
     FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the adjustable pedal position mechanism of FIG. 2 which incorporates structure essentially identical to that of FIG. 2 except that the cable  36  is coupled at one end to the anchor  38  while the other end of the cable  36  is coupled to a lever  54  which is pivotally coupled to the fire wall  40  via a mount  56 . The lever  54  is positioned adjacent a member  58  which, when depressed, may operate an electric switch sending a signal corresponding to a degree of depression of the pedal  4  to the vehicle control device via the actutaor  98   a  which actuates a vehicle control device as is known in the art. In addition, the adjustable pedal position mechanism of FIG. 5 is coupled, for example via a worm gear (not shown) to a servo motor  62  for automatically adjusting the position of the pedal  4 . Specifically, the servo motor  62  operates based on input from the driver to move the pedal  4  forward or rearward to the desired position and to lock the pedal  4  in the desired position. Alternatively, the servo motor may be operated based on memory stored in a CPU of a vehicle control system to select a predetermined pedal position (or pedal and seat position) based on predetermined preferences for the current driver. Of course, for such systems with the pedal position adjusted in accord with commands from a CPU, the seat position and pedal position may be automatically controlled in accord with criteria stored in a memory to ensure that the minimum safe clearance is maintained. 
     Those skilled in the art will understand that, as a substitute for the servo motor  62  of FIG. 5, any suitable automatically operable power source may be employed to automatically adjust the position of the pedals  4  employing any number of suitable mechanisms such as those employed, for example, with powered seats. 
     As shown in FIG. 6, an adjustable pedal position mechanism as in FIG. 5, may be integrated into a computerized vehicle safety system operated by a CPU  64  which may be part of an on-board microprocessor controlling various vehicle functions. 
     The CPU  64  is coupled to a multiplicity of vehicle control devices including, for example, a clutch control  66 , a brake control  68 , a throttle control  70 , operating condition sensors including, for example, speed and direction sensors  72  and exterior distance sensors  74 . In addition, the CPU  64  is coupled to vehicle safety components including, for example, driver notification devices  76 ; crash sensitive in-car device controls  78  which may, for example, control door and seat belt unlocking, window opening, motor shut-off, placement of 911 calls; and an air-bag inflation control system  80 ; and sensors supplying information to the vehicle safety system including, for example, a child seat detector  82 , a seat occupied sensor  84 , a seat belt in use sensor  86 , driver/passenger distance and elevation sensors  88 ,  98 , seat position sensors  90  and submerged vehicle condition sensors  92 . The occurrence of a crash may be detected, for example, by the acceleration or other sensors used to activate the air-bags, roll-over sensors, etc. 
     An alternative pedal position adjustment mechanism of FIG. 6 is substantially identical to the pedal position adjustment apparatus described in the previous embodiments except that instead of the cable coupled to an actuator via a first fixed pulley and a second movable pulley, a sensor  94  detects a degree of rotation of each of the pedals  4  about the axle  20 . Each sensor  94  supplies an output signal corresponding to the angular position of the corresponding pedal  4  to the CPU  64  which supplies a corresponding control signal to a vehicle control device corresponding to the particular pedal  4 . 
     The computerized vehicle safety system of FIG. 6 may allow adjustment of both seat and pedal position through operation of a single switch  95  corresponding to currently employed seat position switches, but may be pre-programmed to prevent the driver from adjusting the seat to a position within the minimum safe clearance. As the driver operates the switch  95  to request a forward motion of the seat  2 , the CPU  64  operates a servo motor to direct a forward motion of the seat  2  until the driver reaches the minimum safe clearance (as determined by either a driver position sensor or a pre-set forward-most seat position). The CPU  64  then halts the forward motion of the seat  2  locking the seat  2  in the forward-most position and begins moving the pedals  4  toward the driver until the driver indicates that a desired position of the pedals  4  has been achieved. The CPU  64  then directs the adjustable pedal position mechanism to lock the pedals  4  in the desired position. Alternatively, the system of FIG. 6 may also include a separate pedal position switch  97  allowing the passenger to adjust the position of the pedals  4  regardless of the current position of the seat  2 . 
     As indicated above, a preferred embodiment of the invention may employ, as an alternative to a predetermined forward-most seat position based on a minimum adult chest depth, an electronic passenger distance sensor  88  to monitor, e.g., chest to air-bag distance. The CPU  64  then monitors the chest to air-bag distance and controls motion of the seat  2  and the pedals  4  to maintain the minimum safe clearance. Upon detecting the minimum safe distance has been achieved, forward seat motion is halted and all further motion request of the driver is transferred to the servo motor  62 . In addition, although the seat is prevented from moving forward beyond the minimum safe clearance, if a driver or passenger moves his body relative to the seat to temporarily encroach beyond the minimum safe clearance, the CPU  64  may control the air-bag inflation control  80  to cause it to operate in a reduced clearance mode in which, under predetermined conditions, the system may, for example, reduce an inflation pressure, disable the air-bag or deploy the air-bag in staged inflation until the driver or passenger returns beyond the minimum safe clearance. When the driver has returned beyond the minimum safe clearance, the system discontinues the reduced clearance mode operation. 
     Upon an adjustment for rear movement of the seat  2  being called for, the CPU  64  directs operation in reverse of that employed for forward motion of the seat  2 . That is, when the servo motor  62  is operated to retract the pedals  4  (toward the front of the vehicle), until the forward-most position of the pedals  4  is reached. Then CPU  64  directs additional distance adjustments by moving the seat  2  rearward. 
     An optional front limit button  96  permits a driver to select as a personal forward-most position, any position of the seat  2  in which the passenger seated therein is separated from the air-bag by at least the minimum safe clearance and to make adjustments for leg length by moving the pedals  4  rearward. This allows drivers of all sizes to take advantage of a more rearward pedal position thereby reducing the possibility of lower limb injury. 
     The present design of “seat slide only” adjustment has also resulted in visual limitations to drivers of small stature as shorter drivers stretch to reach the pedals  4 . This need to stretch in turn limits the amount of seat elevation that can be physically utilized. 
     However, rearward adjustment of the position of the pedals  4  offered by the present invention eliminates such stretching, and allows a full range of seat elevation to be employed by all drivers regardless of height, permitting all to obtain optimum design eye level. 
     An elevation sensor  98  may be coupled to the CPU  64  positioned within the passenger compartment to detect an actual height of a driver&#39;s head. As is known to those skilled in the art, the elevation sensor  98  may employ technology such as ultrasonic sensors similar to sensors included in commercially available distance meters. Using a standard value representing an average difference between a height of the top of a person&#39;s head and their eyes, (e.g., 4″) an optimum eye elevation position may be automatically obtained. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a distance NN 1  from the sensor  98  (roof position) to a point corresponding to 4 inches below a top of the head is believed to correspond to an optimal or at least a good distance NN 2  of the sensor  98  with respect to the top of the head as the CPU  64  directs an electric motor (not shown) in the seat  2  to elevate the seat  2  until the elevation sensor  98  indicates that the optimum eye level has been obtained. 
     Thus, the present invention provides an automatic driver seat positioning system (DPS), which utilizes both front and elevation sensors to automatically position the driver in an optimum visual and air bag protection position. 
     Those skilled in the art will understand that, although the described embodiments show overhead or dashboard slung foot pedals and a pedal position adjustment mechanism adapted thereto, the invention may also be applied in vehicles with floor mounted pedals or other pedal mounting arrangements, so long as a combination of pedal movement and seat movement is provided to ensure that a minimum safe clearance between the driver or other passenger and an air-bag is maintained. In addition, though the described embodiments and examples refer to driver seat control and a steering wheel located air-bag, the same concepts may be applied to other passenger seating and air-bag arrangements to maintain a minimum safe clearance between the passenger and the air-bag. 
     Of course, as indicated in FIG. 6, the CPU  64  may preferably be coupled to a plurality of vehicle systems to create an integrated vehicle safety system. Specifically, in addition to controlling the air-bag system and the seat and pedals to maintain a minimum safe clearance, the system of FIG. 6 may include, for example, sensors for determining whether a child seat is mounted on a particular seat, whether a particular seat belt is in use, the position of the seats, whether a vehicle is submerged or in another post-crash situation and systems for disabling the ignition of the vehicle after an accident, for automatically lowering the windows in a submerged vehicle situation, for unlocking the doors and unfastening the seat belts after an accident and for operating a cell phone and/or navigation system to make a call to 911. 
     The driver/passenger distance sensors  88  offer a practical method of controlling the inflation of multi stage and/or controlled inflation air-bags, when so equipped. E.g., when the distance sensor  88  indicates that the minimum safe distance has been encroached upon, the corresponding air-bag would be activated at a reduced inflation rate. Optimum Air Bag inflation activation and rate may be continuously computed by the CPU  64  based upon input from sensors  72 ,  74 ,  82 ,  84 ,  86  and  88 . 
     For example, encroachment beyond the minimum safe clearance, or the detection of a low speed impact, based upon exterior distance sensors  74  and vehicle speed, would initiate a lower inflation setting for the related air-bag. Thus, the system is further enhanced by interfacing with other systems that detect seat occupancy and/or active seat belt use, providing a continuous basis of multi-factor safe inflation evaluation. 
     Present foot pedal designs vary considerably by auto manufacturer, but generally utilize either cable or rod control of gas, brake and clutch. In the preferred embodiment all foot pedals are mounted on a single sliding platform located under dash, supported from the firewall and/or dash, and activated by either manual or motorized control as described above. 
     Combined with motorized control, the vehicle safety system of FIG. 6 may employ the sensors  98  and  88  to provide automatic, optimized driver positioning, regardless of weight or height. 
     This customized driver positioning system may be implemented by the CPU  64  by, for example, activating seat/pedal position control in the following 3 steps: 
     #1—The seat  2  is first returned to its lowest and rearward-most position; 
     #2—After step 1 has been achieved, the seat  2  is then elevated to its optimum eye level position, i.e., the point at which the distance indicated by elevation sensor  98  equals an optimum distance stored in memory; 
     #3—After steps 1 and step 2 have been completed, the seat  2  is advanced to its minimum safe position, the point at which the distance indicated by the distance sensor  88  is equal to a predetermined minimum safe distance stored in memory or, alternatively, by advancing the seat  2  to a preselected forward-most position. 
     Those skilled in the art will understand that, these steps may be performed in any order. However, adjusting the eye height first eliminates inaccuracies in detection of the distance between the passenger and the air-bag that may result from the varying contour of the passenger (i.e., some portions of the passengers anatomy may project further forward than others). Thus if horizontal positioning is performed first, a later change in vertical position may alter the critical distance between the sensed portion of the passenger and the air-bag. 
     The driver would then adjust the pedals  4  to the most comfortable position by further activation of the seat position activator. 
     FIGS. 7A,  7 B and  8  show an alternative adjustable pedal position mechanism which eliminates the cable and pulley arrangements of FIGS. 2 and 3. Specifically, the adjustable pedal position mechanism of FIGS. 7A,  7 B and  8  includes geared slides  100 ,  102  mounted on rollers  104  and mounted within a housing  106 . The geared slides  100 ,  102  are maintained in position within the housing  106  by guides  108  with a circular gear  110  mounted therebetween. The circular gear  110  is non-rotatably coupled to the pedal rod  22  which extends into the housing  106  via an opening  107  and, consequently, to the pedal  4  by a pin  112  which rides in slots or channels  28   a  formed in opposed walls of the housing  106 . The circular gear  110  is held in an engaged position between the geared slides  100 ,  102  in which teeth of the circular gear  110  engage teeth of the slides  100 ,  102  by the bias of a spring  114  which abuts a knob  116  which extends out of the housing  106 . The knob  116  is mounted on the pin  112  so that, when the knob  116  is pushed toward the housing  106  against the bias of spring  114 , the circular gear  110  is moved to a disengaged position in which the teeth of the circular gear are out of engagement with the teeth of the slides  100 , 102 . 
     Thus, by depressing the knob  116 , the circular gear  110  and the pedal  4  can be slid to any position along the length of housing  106 . Upon releasing the knob  116 , the teeth of the circular gear  110  again engages the teeth of slides  100 ,  102  and the pedal  4  is locked in a new position. Those skilled in the art will understand that, when the pedal  4  is depressed, the pedal rod  22  rotates the circular gear  110  (clockwise as seen in FIGS. 7A and 7B) which can cause either the slide  100  to slide forward (to the left in FIG. 7B) or the slide  102  to slide rearward (to the right in FIG. 7B) depending on which of stops  121  and  123  has been removed. In particular, as shown in the appropriate Figures, stop  123  is removed for the cable pull arrangement of FIG. 7A, and stop  121  is removed for the push rod arrangement of FIG.  7 B. Those skilled in the art will understand that the force applied by the pedal  4  to the slides  100 ,  102  may be applied by the slide  100  to a push rod connector  118 , as in FIG. 7B or by the slide  102  to a pull cable  120 , as in FIG. 7A, and that this force may then be transmitted to an actuator for a corresponding vehicle control device. 
     One of removable stops  121 ,  123  is thus utilized at the respective corner  122 ,  124  to allow either pull cable or push rod control action selection. For example, removal of stop  121  directs all pedal motion to a forward motion of slide  100  using a rod connector  118  while removal of stop  123  directs all pedal motion to a rearward motion of slide  102  which uses a cable connector  120 . 
     Of course as with the previously described embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that, although manual adjustment has been described in regard to the adjustable pedal position mechanism of FIGS. 7A,  7 B and  8 , motorized control would provide similar action and could be implemented with similar structure. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is compatible with any alternative mechanisms for utilizing pedal motion to operate a vehicle control device (e.g., hydraulic systems). 
     While a separate motor is preferred for the foot pedal track, it could also be accomplished by direct connection to the seat drive, such as in a cable shaft drive common to speedometers. While overhead slung pedals are shown, floor mounted pedals are intended to have similar controls. 
     Similar seat and distance sensors are suggested for other air bag protected passengers, to maintain a safe air-bag distance. These distance detectors could be set to halt forward seat movement and issue an audible and/or visible warning when the minimum safe distance is encroached upon. 
     In addition, those skilled in the art will recognize that braking and accelerator controls may be further monitored and acted upon by the CPU  64  based upon input from the Exterior Distance Sensors  74  in conjunction with Speed and Direction Sensors  72 . For example, if the Speed and Direction sensors  72  and related Exterior Distance Sensors  74  detect imminent impact, additional braking forces may be activated via brake control  68 . 
     All safety threats detected by the CPU  64  may also be conveyed to the driver by an audio and/or visual alert system. 
     Those skilled in the art will understand that the examples of distances such as the minimum safe clearance from an air-bag are discussed throughout this specification, but these distances may vary on a case-by-case basis. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described embodiments are illustrative only and there are many variations and modifications of the disclosed embodiments which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. These variations and modifications are considered to be within the scope of the invention which is intended to be limited only by the claims appended hereto.