Abstract:
A filter cigarette is provided which comprises a tobacco rod which includes a charge of tobacco wrapped in cigarette paper, an integral, axially aligned cylindrical filter plug, and tipping paper. The filter plug is divided into first and second segments with the first segment being rotatable with respect to the second segment. Rotation of the first segment with respect to the second segment, in one embodiment of the invention, serves to vary the air dilution value of the cigarette. In another embodiment, rotation of the first segment with respect to the second segment produces variable resistance-to-draw in the cigarette. Both of the above embodiments can be combined into yet another embodiment to produce a cigarette which maintains a constant resistance-to-draw value as the air dilution value is varied. In yet another embodiment, an encapsulated flavorant is provided which is released responsive to rotation of the first segment with respect to the second segment. The flavorant release embodiment can be combined with the other embodiments.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to filter cigarettes. More particularly, the present invention relates to filter cigarettes which are adjustable by the smoker to vary one or more of the air dilution value, the resistance-to-draw value, and the flavor of the cigarette. 
     Various mechanisms have been disclosed in heretofore issued patents which provide for adjustment of the air dilution value of a filter cigarette, but these mechanisms are not without certain advantages. While many complicated mechanisms have been disclosed, the simpler mechanisms generally involved making one or more openings in a substantially air impermeable filter plug wrap and the overlying, substantially air impermeable tipping paper. A sleeve containing one or more corresponding openings is placed over the tipping paper and is then either rotated or moved axially to select the degree to which the two sets of openings are in registry. In another embodiment found in the art, the filter is not glued to the tipping paper and thus may be moved axially within the cylinder formed by the tipping paper. Openings are made in the tipping paper which correspond to openings made in the filter plug wrap. The air dilution value is adjusted by axially moving the filter plug within the tipping paper to adjust the degree to which the two sets of openings are in registry. 
     Among the problems associated with such mechanisms are that the sleeve or the filter plug may be removed from the cigarette by the smoker and not readily replaced. Also, registry between the two sets of openings may be inadvertently destroyed by a slight axial movement of the sleeve or plug. Accordingly, the air dilution value selected by the smoker is not insured of any degree of consistency. Yet another problem associated with a number of these prior devices is that they have not been readily adaptable to a high rate of production on cigarette making machinery of conventional design. 
     These prior adjustable cigarettes also do not provide a means to maintain the resistance-to-draw (hereinafter &#34;RTD&#34;) value constant as the air dilution value changes, nor are such cigarettes adjustable to vary the RTD value while maintaining a substantially constant air dilution value. Also, these prior adjustable cigarettes do not provide an encapsulated flavorant which is released in varying amounts during adjustment of the air dilution value, the RTD value or both values. 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a filter cigarette, which can be readily manufactured on conventional cigarette making equipment, that is adjustable by the smoker to vary one or more of the air dilution value, the RTD value, and the flavor of the cigarette. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A filter cigarette is provided which comprises a tobacco rod, that is, a charge of tobacco wrapped in cigarette paper, attached to an axially aligned, wrapped cylindrical filter plug, and tipping paper. The filter has a mouth end and a rod end, both of which are open to permit passge of air and smoke, and is divided into first and second segments by a circumferentially extending cut which defines a central, axial core about which the first segment can be rotated relative to the second segment. The tipping paper circumscribes and joins the filter plug to the tobacco rod in abutting end-to-end relation, and extends from substantially the mouth end of the filter plug to a point on the tobacco rod adjacent the rod end of the filter plug. 
     In variable air dilution embodiments, at least one opening is made through the tipping paper and the underlying portion of the filter plug wrap, such that, as the first segment of the filter is rotated about the axis of the central core, the opening in the tipping paper and the opening in the underlying portion of the filter plug are in varying degrees of registry to permit varying amounts of air to enter the filter and combine with the smoke, thereby varying the air dilution value of the cigarette. The air dilution value is the ratio of the volume of air to the volume of smoke exiting the mouth end of the filter and is expressed as a percentage. 
     The present invention also includes within its scope a filter cigarette without the variable dilution feature but which has a variable RTD provided by assembling the filter and tipping paper as described above but without the openings therethrough and providing a plurality of longitudinally extending channels in the first segment and a plurality of longitudinally extending channels in the second segment of the filter which are in varying degrees of registry as the first segment is rotated about the axis of the core, thereby providing paths of less resistance for the flow of the smoke through the filter, thus varying the RTD value of the cigarette. 
     Also included within the scope of the present invention is a filter cigarette having the previously described variable dilution feature as well as the sets of channels of the variable RTD embodiment. As the first segment is rotated about the central core to increase the air dilution value, the RTD decreases. The channels of this embodiment are configured such that, as the air dilution value is decreased by rotation of the first segment, the channels are subject to increasing deregistry which increases the RTD. The net effect of the increased air dilution and deregistry of the channels is to maintain a constant RTD. 
     Yet another embodiment included within the scope of the present invention is a filter cigarette with or without the variable dilution feature and with or without the variable or constant RTD feature which is provided with an encapsulated flavorant which is released in varying amounts responsive to rotation of the first segment about the longitudinal axis of the core. 
     The cigarettes of the present invention may be manufactured employing conventional equipment with only minor modifications and a method of manufacturing such cigarettes forms yet another aspect of the present invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of the filter plug and tobacco rod of the filter cigarette of the present invention taken from the mouth end. 
     FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of one embodiment of the filter cigarette of the present invention taken from the mouth end and showing the tobacco rod, filter, and tipping paper as well as the openings provided through the tipping paper and plug wrap to provide for variable dilution. 
     FIG. 3 is longitudinal section taken on the line 3--3 of FIG. 2. 
     FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention taken from the mouth end. 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the assembled embodiment of FIG. 4. 
     FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of a third variable RTD embodiment of the cigarette of the present invention. 
     FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the invention which provides a variable amount of flavorant. 
     FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the invention in which the segments of the filter plug are joined by a plastic extrusion. 
     FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a wrapped filter plug of the present invention showing the circular cutting disc forming the circumferentially extending cut in the filter plug. 
     FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line 10--10 of FIG. 9 showing the depth of the cut of the circular blade into the filter plug and the resultant axial core. 
     FIG. 11 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 11--11 of FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 12 is a view in perspective of a laser system for use in making the openings in the tipping paper and underlying plug wrap of the variable dilution filter cigarette of the present invention. 
     FIG. 13 is a partial elevational view of a mechanical apparatus for use in making openings in the tipping paper and underlying plug wrap of the variable dilution cigarette of the present invention. 
     FIG. 14 is a partial elevational view of the cutting mechanism of the apparatus of FIG. 13. 
     FIG. 15 shows an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of FIG. 13. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention will now be described with reference to the figures in which like elements are given like reference numbers throughout. 
     A preferred embodiment of the variable dilution cigarette of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 and comprises a tobacco rod 1, which is a substantially cylindrical charge of tobacco 2 wrapped in cigarette paper 3. The tobacco rod is joined in abutting end-to-end relation to a wrapped filter plug 4 which has a circumferentially extending cut 5 intermediate the mouth end and the tobacco rod end defining a central axial core 16, as shown in FIGS. 3, 7 and 11, and which divides the filter plug into a first mouth-end segment 6 and a second rod-end segment 7. 
     The filter plug and a portion of the mouth end of the tobacco rod are circumscribed by non-porous tipping paper 8. The tipping paper has a circumferentially extending row of closely spaced perforations 9 which overlie the second segment 7 of the filter plug adjacent the mouth end of the tobacco rod 1. This row of perforations divides the tipping paper into a first mouth-end band 10 and a second rod-end band 11. 
     The inner surface of band 10 is attached adjacent the mouth end to the first segment 6 of the filter plug, preferably by means of an adhesive band 13. The inner surface of band 11 joins the second segment 7 of the filter plug to the mouth end of the tobacco rod 1, preferably by means of a band of adhesive 12 extending, in width, between the row of perforations 9 and the rod-end of band 11. At least one opening is made through the tipping paper and the underlying plug wrap at a position on band 10 intermediate the row of perforations 9 and the cut 5. 
     Since the openings 14 and 15 are formed simultaneously, they are initially in registry and variable dilution is achieved by rotating band 10 and breaking the row of perforations 9, thereby allowing band 10 and the segment 6 to rotate in unison about the central core 16. This core will typically have a diameter within the range of from about 12.7% to about 38.1% of the diameter of the filter plug, a value of about 25.4% being preferable. This range will permit segment 6 to be rotated 360° without breaking the core 16. Rotation of band 10 rotates opening 14 relative to opening 15 thus varying the degree of registry, thereby varying the air dilution value of the cigarette. 
     Both the tipping paper 8 and the wrapping of the filter plug 4 are substantially air impermeable wrappings which restrict any radial air flow through the filter paper and underlying plug wrap to the area of registry between openings 14 and 15. The filter paper may be any commercially available, substantially air impermeable paper and the filter plug may be any conventional, substantially cylindrical filter such as a cellulose acetate filter or the like. The filter material can be of uniform density or it can contain a substantially cylindrical axial core of relatively high density filter material circumscribed by filter material of relatively lower density. When it is desired to use the non-uniform density filter plug, the higher density filter material preferably forms the previously described axial core 16. Any conventional, substantially air impermeable plug wrap may be employed. 
     Means for permitting the smoker to select the specific air dilution ratio may be provided through indicia (not shown) printed on opposite sides of the row of perforations 9, and which are made readily visible and designed to show the degree of registry of the openings. 
     A second preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 comprises a tobacco rod 1 containing a charge of tobacco 2 wrapped in cigarette paper 3 and joined to filter plug 4 in abutting, end-to-end relation. The filter plug has a circumferentially extending cut 5 intermediate the mouth end and the tobacco rod end which divides the filter plug into a first mouth-end segment 6 and a second rod-end segment 7. The filter plug is joined to the tobacco rod by tipping paper 17, preferably by a band of adhesive 18 on the inner surface of the tipping paper which overlaps the abutting ends of the filter and the tobacco rod. The tipping paper extends from a position on the tobacco rod adjacent the filter to a point intermediate the cut 5 and the mouth end of segment 6. An opening 14 is made through the tipping paper at a position between the cut 5 and the mouth end of the tipping paper. A corresponding opening 15 is made in the plug wrap at a position underlying opening 14. Openings 14 and 15 are preferably made simultaneously and thus are initially in registry. 
     Circumferentially extending cut 5 defines a central, axially extending core 16 having a preferred diameter as noted in connection with the first preferred embodiment. In practice, that portion of filter plug segment 6, which is not wrapped by tipping paper 17, is grasped by the smoker and rotated about the central core 16, thus rotating openings 15 relative to openings 14, thereby varying the degree of registry of the two sets of openings and, accordingly, the air dilution value of the cigarette. 
     In a third embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 6, the openings 14 and 15 of the first and second embodiment may be omitted or retained and a plurality of axially extending passages 19 made in the first and second segments 6 and 7 of the filter plug. These passages in the first and second segments 6 and 7 are made such that, as the first segment 6 of the filter plug is rotated about the axis of the central core 16, the passages in the first and second segments are in varying degrees of registry thus varying the RTD of the cigarette. Variable RTD may be selected in conjunction with variable dilution such that the RTD is constant as the dilution is varied or may be selected in the absence of variable dilution to provide a variable RTD cigarette. 
     In a fourth preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 7, a flavor encapsulation means is inserted within the filter. This means may comprise an axially extending cellophane tube 20 containing individual cells 21 of flavorant which are ruptured in response to rotation of the first segment of the filter plug about the central core 16. As can be seen from FIG. 7, increased rotation of the first segment of the filter plug serves to increase the twist experienced by the cellophane tube, thereby rupturing an increasing number of flavorant cells. The smoker can thus vary the intensity of flavor released by the flavor capsule by rotating the filter plug a desired amount. The flavor system of this embodiment may be used in conjunction with any of the embodiments. 
     FIG. 8 shows an alternative arrangement for maintaining a rotational connection between the first segment 6 and the second segment 7 of the filter plug 4. In this arrangement, plastic extrusion 22, formed as part of the filter plug, lies along the axis of the first and second segments. The cut 5 extends down to this extrusion. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the plastic extrusion shown in FIG. 8 can be used with any of the first, second or third embodiments. 
     The cigarettes of the present invention may be readily produced on conventional cigarette making and tipping apparatus with a minimum of modification. Forming and cutting the cigarette rod and filter plug to length are done conventionally. Also, bringing the filter plug into axial alignment with the cigarette rod and the overwrapping with tipping paper are accomplished in the same manner as in the manufacture of conventional cigarettes. 
     Furthermore, additional simplicity in manufacturing is made possible in the present invention by simultaneously forming the openings in the tipping paper and underlying plug wrap. This is accomplished, in one manner, simply by slitting or perforating the tipping paper and underlying plug wrap on each cigarette as it passes through the conventional cigarette making machinery at or near a rolling shoe station. 
     As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the circumferentially extending cut 5 in the filter plug 4 may be made using a circular knife 38 which is set to penetrate a specified distance into the filter plug, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the filter plug. Typically, the circular knife and the filter plug are both rotated as shown in FIG. 7, resulting in a circumferentially extending cut which leaves a central core 16 along the longitudinal axis of the filter plug. 
     The row of perforations 9 in the tipping paper in the first embodiment may be made by any conventional means such as laser perforation, electrostatic perforation, or mechanical perforation using points or knives. In practice, the tipping paper is fed through a perforation zone where it is exposed to a laser light beam. The power setting and focusing of the laser and the rate of feed of the tipping paper are selected so as to all but part the paper along the &#34;break away&#34; line 9 shown in FIG. 2. The attachment which remains is selected to retain only enough strength to hold the first and second bands of the tipping paper together during assembly. Preferably, a laser system is employed to make about 100 perforations per inch in the paper. 
     The tipping paper may be applied to the filter plug and tobacco rod employing conventional cigarette making equipment and then the openings 14 and 15 are made through the tipping paper and underlying plug wrap employing either a laser system as shown in FIG. 12 or a mechanical system as shown in FIGS. 13, 14 and 15. 
     Preferably, as shown in FIG. 12, a laser perforation system is employed which uses a laser 23 to generate a laser beam 25 that is reflected by mirror 26 and collected by lens 27 which focuses the beam. Laser beam 25 is focused to traverse the rotating cigarette and is set to remain on for a time period sufficient to make an opening, preferably a slit of a desired length, through the tipping paper and the underlying plug wrap. Slits one millimeter wide are preferred. If it is desired to establish a line of perforations instead of slits, the laser beam may be pulsed. 
     The opening through the tipping paper and the underlying plug wrap may also be made by mechanical means as shown in FIGS. 13, 14 and 15. As shown in FIG. 13, cigarettes 28 are passed between rotating drums 32 and 33. Drum 32 feeds the cigarettes beneath a fixed plate 31 into contact with a circular knife 29 rotating about shaft 30 and having V-shaped edge 34 as shown in FIG. 14. In an alternate embodiment shown in FIG. 15, the cigarettes 28 are fed between a rotating drum 35 and a fixed plate 36 past semi-circular knife blades 37 which are fixed to the plate 36. 
     It will be understood that the particular embodiments described above are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and that various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.