Abstract:
Methodologies enabling integration of optical components in ICs and a resulting device are disclosed. Embodiments include: providing a first substrate layer of an IC separated from a second substrate level by an insulator layer; providing a transistor on the second substrate layer; and providing an optical component on the first substrate layer, the optical component being connected to the transistor.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present disclosure relates to manufacture of semiconductor devices. The present disclosure is particularly applicable for integrating optical components in integrated circuits (ICs) utilizing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    In fabrication of semiconductor devices, traditional methods attempting to transfer chip bandwidth to other chips and server racks may integrate optical components on the chip (e.g., IC). Such optical components allow for optical interconnections between chips having power usage advantages over many metal interconnections. One traditional method integrating optical components requires a thin buried oxide (BOX) layer. However, optical components may benefit from or even require a thicker BOX layer in order to isolate light waveguides of the optical interconnections. 
         [0003]    A need therefore exists for a methodology enabling integration of optical components in ICs, particularly, ICs utilizing CMOS technology, and a resulting device. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    An aspect of the present disclosure is a method of enabling integration of optical components in an IC by, inter alia, providing an insulator layer separating a first substrate layer having an optical component from a second substrate layer having a transistor connected to the optical component. 
         [0005]    Another aspect of the present disclosure is a device having, inter alia, an insulator layer separating a first substrate layer having an optical component from a second substrate layer having a transistor connected to the optical component. 
         [0006]    Additional aspects and other features of the present disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows and in part will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from the practice of the present disclosure. The advantages of the present disclosure may be realized and obtained as particularly pointed out in the appended claims. 
         [0007]    According to the present disclosure, some technical effects may be achieved in part by a method including: providing a first substrate layer of an IC separated from a second substrate level by an insulator layer; providing a transistor on the second substrate layer; and providing an optical component on the first substrate layer, the optical component being connected to the transistor. 
         [0008]    Aspects include providing a heat transfer via (HTV) extending through the insulator layer, the HTV being adjacent to the second substrate layer. Some aspects include providing the HTV extending through the first substrate layer. Further aspects include providing the HTV vertically aligned with the transistor, wherein the first and second substrate layers and the insulator layer extend horizontally. Additional aspects include: providing the first substrate layer as a silicon on insulator (SOI) layer of a wafer for the IC; providing the insulator layer as a BOX layer of the wafer; providing the second substrate layer as a bulk silicon layer of the wafer; and providing the HTV of aluminum nitride (AlN). Some aspects include providing a through silicon via (TSV) through the insulator layer and the second substrate layer, the TSV connecting the transistor and optical component. Further aspects include providing the insulator layer with a thickness greater than a thickness of the first substrate layer. Additional aspects include providing the second substrate layer having a thickness greater than the thickness of the insulator layer. Some aspects include providing the first substrate layer with a thickness equal to a height of the optical component. Further aspects include: providing the first and second substrate layers and the insulator layer as a wafer; and rotating the wafer, wherein the transistor is provided prior to the rotation and the optical component is provided after the rotation or the optical component is provided prior to the rotation and the transistor is provided after the rotation. 
         [0009]    Another aspect of the present disclosure is a device including: a first substrate layer of an IC, the first substrate layer including an optical component; an insulator layer on the first substrate layer; a second substrate layer separated, at least in part, from the first substrate layer by the insulator layer; and a transistor on the second substrate layer, the transistor being connected to the optical component. 
         [0010]    Some aspects include a HTV extending through the insulator layer, the HTV being adjacent to the second substrate layer. Additional aspects include the HTV extending through the first substrate layer. Further aspects include the HTV being vertically aligned with the transistor, wherein the first and second substrate layers and the insulator layer extend horizontally. Some aspects include: the first substrate layer being a SOI layer of a wafer for the IC; the insulator layer being a BOX layer of the wafer; the second substrate layer being a bulk silicon layer of the wafer; and the HTV including AN. Additional aspects include a TSV through the insulator layer and the second substrate layer, the TSV connecting the transistor and optical component. Further aspects include the insulator layer having a thickness greater than a thickness of the first substrate layer. Some aspects include the second substrate layer having a thickness greater than the thickness of the insulator layer. Additional aspects include the first substrate layer having a thickness equal to a height of the optical component. 
         [0011]    Another aspect of the present disclosure is a method including: providing a wafer for an IC having: a bulk silicon layer extending in a horizontal direction; a BOX layer extending in the horizontal direction and having a thickness less than a thickness of the bulk silicon layer; and a SOI layer separated, at least in part, from the bulk silicon layer by the BOX layer, the SOI layer extending in the horizontal direction and having a thickness less than the thickness of the BOX layer; providing at least one transistor on the bulk silicon layer; rotating the wafer, after providing the at least one transistor; providing, after the rotation of the wafer, an optical component in the SOI layer; providing, after the rotation of the wafer, a TSV extending vertically through the bulk silicon layer and the BOX layer, the TSV connecting the at least one transistor and the optical component; and providing, after the rotation of the wafer, a HTV extending vertically through a horizontal portion of the BOX layer and the SOI layer, the HTV being adjacent to the bulk silicon layer and aligned vertically with the at least one transistor. 
         [0012]    Some aspects include providing the SOI layer with a thickness equal to a height of the optical component. 
         [0013]    Additional aspects and technical effects of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description wherein embodiments of the present disclosure are described simply by way of illustration of the best mode contemplated to carry out the present disclosure. As will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]    The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawing and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which: 
           [0015]      FIG. 1  illustrates optical components integrated in a CMOS; 
           [0016]      FIGS. 2 through 6  illustrate a method for providing a CMOS with integrated optical components, according to an exemplary embodiment; and 
           [0017]      FIG. 7  illustrates a CMOS with integrated optical components, according to an exemplary embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0018]    In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of exemplary embodiments. It should be apparent, however, that exemplary embodiments may be practiced without these specific details or with an equivalent arrangement. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring exemplary embodiments. In addition, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, ratios, and numerical properties of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” 
         [0019]    The present disclosure addresses and solves the current problems of heat build up from transistors caused, for instance, by using a thicker BOX layer, which optical components may require, and/or insufficient isolation for light waveguides attendant upon using an SOI chip for integrating optical interconnects with CMOS technology. In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, the problems are solved, for instance by, inter alia, providing an insulator layer separating a bulk silicon layer with transistors from an SOI layer with optical components. Additionally, the provision of the insulation layer separating the bulk silicon layer with transistors from the SOI layer with optical components allows for a higher transistor density than traditional methods since the optical components are moved from the bulk silicon layer to the SOI layer. 
         [0020]    Still other aspects, features, and technical effects will be readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein preferred embodiments are shown and described, simply by way of illustration of the best mode contemplated. The disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive. 
         [0021]      FIG. 1  illustrates optical components integrated in a CMOS.  FIG. 1  includes a chip  100  of an IC having a bulk silicon layer  101 , a BOX layer  103 , and a SOI layer  105  having optical components  107  (e.g., waveguides). As shown, transistors  109  and metal routes  111  are on top of SOI layer  105  and are separated by an inter-layer dielectric. Additionally, the BOX layer  103  is thermally insulating and isolates the optical components  107  based, at least in part, on a difference of index of refraction between the SOI layer  105  and the BOX layer  103 . However, as discussed above, the width  113  of the BOX layer  103 , in many instances, is too thin to isolate the optical components  107 . 
         [0022]      FIGS. 2 through 6  illustrate a method for providing a CMOS with integrated optical components, according to an exemplary embodiment. Adverting to  FIG. 2 , a SOI wafer is provided having SOI layer  201 , BOX layer  203 , and bulk silicon layer  205 . As shown, the BOX layer  203  has a thickness  209 , which is less than a thickness  211  of the bilk silicon layer  205  and greater than a thickness  207  of the SOI layer  201 . The SOI wafer may be selected from a group of pre-fabricated SOI wafers based on the thickness  209  of the BOX layer  203 , for instance, to allow optical components to isolate light waveguides. 
         [0023]    Adverting to  FIG. 3 , transistors  301  and metal routes  303  are provided on top of the bulk silicon layer  205  with an inter-layer dielectric separating the transistors  301  and metal routes  303 . The transistors  301  may be formed using traditional methods and the metal routes  303  may be formed of copper (Cu) using traditional methods, for instance, Damascene processing. Next, as shown in  FIG. 4 , recesses  401  are formed in SOI layer  201  and TSVs  403  are formed in the recesses  401  and through the BOX layer  203  and the bulk silicon layer  205 . Traditional methods may be used to form the recesses  401  and the TSVs  403 , for instance, by, forming the transistors  301  and metal routes  303  and subsequently rotating (e.g., flipping) the resulting wafer and forming recesses  401  and TSVs  403  on the rotated wafer. Alternatively, the recesses  401  and TSVs  403  (and the subsequent steps illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 6 ) may be formed prior to the rotation of the wafer, and thereafter, the transistors  301  and metal routes  303  are formed. 
         [0024]    Adverting to  FIG. 5 , optical components  501  are provided in the recesses  401  of the SOI layer  201 . As shown, the SOI layer  201  has a thickness  207  equal to a height of the optical components  501 . Next, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , a HTV  601  is provided adjacent to the bulk silicon layer  205 . For instance, a recess (not shown) is formed in the SOI layer  201  and BOX layer  203 , and the HTV  601  is formed in the recess. As shown, the HTV  601  is aluminum nitride (AlN) and vertically aligned with the transistors  301 . It is contemplated that HTV  601  is vertical aligned with the transistors  301  when, for instance, HTV  601  is vertically aligned with at least a portion of one of the transistors  301 . 
         [0025]      FIG. 7  illustrates a CMOS with integrated optical components, according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown, the CMOS  700  is formed utilizing the steps illustrated in  FIGS. 2 through 6  and includes a bulk silicon layer  701 , transistors  703 , metal routes  705 , a BOX layer  707 , and a SOI layer  709  having optical components  711 . Additionally, TSVs  713  connect the transistors  703  to the optical components  711  through the bulk silicon layer  701  and the BOX layer  707 . Further, HTV  717  is provided adjacent to the bulk silicon layer  701  and vertically aligned with midpoint of the transistors  703  to allow heat flow  719 . The HTV  717  is composed of a metal or other material of high thermal conductivity such as, for instance, aluminum nitride (AlN) and has a width  721  extending to half a width  723  of the transistors  703 . As previously mentioned, a thickness  725  of the BOX layer  707  may be selected to allow or improve an isolation of light waveguides by the optical components  711 . The thickness  725  of the BOX layer  707  may be greater than a thickness  727  of the SOI layer  709  and less than a thickness  729  of the bulk silicon layer  701 . As such, the thickness  725  of the BOX layer  707  is sized to allow the optical components  711  to isolate light waveguides and the HTV  717  is separately configured (e.g., width, position, material, etc.) to allow adequate heat flow  719  for the transistors  703 . 
         [0026]    The embodiments of the present disclosure can achieve several technical effects, including an integration of optical components into ICs, resulting in ICs having power usage advantages. The present disclosure enjoys industrial applicability in any of various types of highly integrated semiconductor devices, particularly ICs utilizing optical interconnects and CMOS technology. 
         [0027]    In the preceding description, the present disclosure is described with reference to specifically exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the present disclosure, as set forth in the claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded as illustrative and not as restrictive. It is understood that the present disclosure is capable of using various other combinations and embodiments and is capable of any changes or modifications within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein.