Abstract:
A permanent magnet array iron filter has a generally circular collar made of a high magnetic permeability material with a plurality of magnetic assemblies interiorly disposed longitudinally around an interior circumference therein. Each magnetic assembly has two magnets with opposite poles facing the center of the filter and a gap between the adjacent assemblies. This arrangement intensifies the resultant magnetic field and projects the field deeply within the interior region of the filter. Rare earth permanent magnets are used to maximize the magnetic field. The collar may be coated with a plastic coating to protect the filter. The collar has a gap to provide flexibility when sliding the filter over an oil filter. The thickness of the collar may be adjusted to meet the requirements of a particular application.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Mechanical inventions generally involve moving parts. The internal combustion engine has undoubtedly revolutionized the world we live in, however because parts need to move past each other destructive abrasion occurs. It was discovered early on that keeping a surface lubricated with oil, reduced friction and improved performance. However, although lubrication allows the engine to operate with an acceptable service life, abrasion still occurs and results in ferrous substances being deposited in the lubricant. This leads to increased wear of engine parts and premature breakdown of the lubricant. 
   To combat this problem, various mechanical filters have been devised but none of them have been able to remove the iron particles with complete success. Standard mechanical filtration is most effective for particles approximately 20 μm and larger. Many of the destructive ferrous contaminants present in lubricants are under the 20 μm limit and therefore are not removed by conventional filters causing premature wear and breakdown. 
   Because iron wear particles are ferromagnetic, they are easily attracted to magnets. Therefore, magnets have been used to try to remove ferrous contaminants from oil, but it is difficult to project the magnetic field throughout the flow area to ensure that the ferrous particles will be trapped in the fast moving oil. There is a need for a filter that effectively removes iron particles from lubricants and other substances. 
   To provide a comprehensive disclosure without unduly lengthening the specification, applicant incorporates herein by reference the disclosure of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/306,571 to the present inventors, filed Jan. 3, 2006, now abandoned. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   A permanent magnet array iron filter has a generally circular collar made of a high magnetic permeability material with a plurality of magnetic assemblies interiorly disposed longitudinally around an interior circumference therein. Each magnetic assembly has two magnets with opposite poles facing the center of the filter and a gap between the adjacent assemblies. This arrangement intensifies the resultant magnetic field and projects the field deeply within the interior region of the filter. Rare earth permanent magnets are used to maximize the magnetic field. The collar may be coated with a plastic coating to protect the filter. The collar has a gap to provide flexibility when sliding the filter over an oil filter. The thickness of the collar may be adjusted to meet the requirements of a particular application. 
   Other features and advantages of the instant invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a top view of a permanent magnet array iron filter according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a top view of a permanent magnet array iron filter according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 3  is a top view of a permanent magnet array iron filter according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention with an oil filter inserted therein. 
       FIG. 5  is a top view of a permanent magnet array iron filter according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 6  is a top view of a permanent magnet array iron filter showing the magnetic field according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 7  is a top view of a permanent magnet array iron filter according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 8  is a perspective view of the permanent magnet array iron filter shown in  FIG. 7 . 
       FIG. 9  is a perspective view of the permanent magnet array iron filter shown in  FIG. 1  showing the direction of the magnetic poles according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 10  is a perspective view of the permanent magnet array iron filter shown in  FIG. 1  showing the direction of the magnetic poles according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   Reference is now made to the drawings in which reference numerals refer to like elements. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 1 ,  4  and  6 , a permanent magnet array iron filter has a circular collar  100 . Collar  100  is made of a high magnetic permeability material. Collar  100  has a gap  150  to allow collar  100  to flex for use with an oil filter  154 . Collar  100  may be fabricated from a single sheet of material or it may be manufactured from multiple layers to provide additional flexibility. Collar  100  may be made from spring steel or any other appropriate high magnetic permeability material as is known in the art. The thickness of collar  100  may be varied according to the application depending on the available space between oil filter  154  and the engine (not shown) and the shielding level required for leakage of the magnetic fields. A plurality of magnetic assemblies  156  are distributed longitudinally around the inside of collar  100 . The embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  has six magnetic assemblies  156 . Six gaps  205  are formed between each magnetic assembly  156 . These gaps  205 , intensify the directional properties of a magnetic field  610  and ensure that magnetic field  610  is effective in attracting and holding iron particles that are normally suspending within the lubricant and away from the inner surface of oil filter  154 . 
   Typically, a magnetic assembly  156  is made by placing two paired magnets  102  and  104  respectively so that their poles are opposite each other and orientated radially so that the poles of each magnet  102  and  104  face inward and outward. Glues, epoxies, plastic coatings or mechanical attachments such as rivets or screws may be used to secure magnets  102  and  104  to collar  100  or the assembly may be held in place simply by the magnetic attraction of magnets  102  and  104  with collar  100 . The height of magnetic assembly  156  is selected to be effective for the application. The Applicants have utilized magnetic assemblies having a height of 50 mm, but the height may be longer or shorter depending on the application. To resist corrosion and endure the harsh environment present in use, the magnets making up magnetic assemblies  156  may be plated for example with a three layer coat of Ni+Cu+Ni. The present invention, although shown applied to oil filters, is applicable to any filtering application where ferrous particles need to be captured and contained for removal such as in water filtration systems, filtering hydraulic fluid in hydraulic systems and pumps, or biological fluid filtering. 
   Each magnetic assembly  156  is made of a magnet pair,  102 - 104 ,  106 - 108 ,  110 - 112 ,  114 - 116 ,  118 - 120 , and  122 - 124  and are arranged generally symmetrically inside collar  100 ; however, although it is very important that gaps  205  are disposed between magnetic assemblies  156 , the spacing can vary depending on the application and perfect symmetry is not required. The arrangement of the poles of each magnet is shown in the figures by the traditional “N” and “S” notation for clarification. Other arrangements are possible and several embodiments are discussed below. 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , embodiments having seven magnetic assemblies  156  ( FIG. 2 ) and eight magnetic assemblies  156  ( FIG. 3 ) are shown arranged generally symmetrically around the inside circumference of a collar  200  and  300  respectively. Collar  200  may be larger than collar  100  ( FIG. 1 ) to provide for different size filter applications. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 1-4 , the height of collars  100 ,  200  and  300  depend on the specific application. Additionally, the height of collars  100 ,  200  and  300  can be longer than the height of magnetic assemblies  156  in order to protect the magnets from direct contact with objects and to further enhance the magnetic field characteristics therein. In practice, it has been found that having a collar with a height in a range 10 to 20 percent longer than the magnetic assembly, works well. 
   Typically, magnetic assembly  156  is composed of two magnets  102  and  104  as discussed above and the height of magnetic assembly  156  may vary depending on the application. The thickness of magnets  102  and  104  are chosen to be effective for a particular application. In general, the thicker the magnet, the stronger the magnetic field produced. In some applications utilized by the Applicants, 5 mm magnets were used. Various factors, such as available room and required strength of the magnetic field produced, help determine the dimensions of the magnets. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 5 , shaped magnets  502 ,  504 ,  506 ,  508 ,  510 ,  512 ,  514 ,  516 ,  518 ,  520 ,  522  and  524  are paired together in magnetic pairs making up magnetic assemblies  156 . The magnets are manufactured to fit against each other with no air gap between the individual magnets in the magnetic pairs and fitted inside a collar  500 . The magnets are manufactured with a specific geometry, namely an isosceles trapezoid and the dimensions are selected so that the sides align and focus the poles towards the center. It is also possible to have the outward surface of the magnets manufactured with a curvature to match the curvature of collar  500 . 
   Now reference is made to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , showing collar  100  having a flange portion  310  that protects magnetic assemblies  156 . Both ends of collar  100  may have a flange portion  310  or only one end of collar  100  may have a flange portion  310  depending on the application. Flange portion  310  may be a folded portion of collar  100  or it may be a separate piece attached to collar  100 . 
   Referring to  FIGS. 9 and 10 , collar  100  is shown having magnetic assemblies  156  aligned longitudinally along an inner surface of collar  100 . Magnetic assemblies  156  comprise two magnets  122  and  124  (typical) and are arranged so that the South Pole of magnet  122  faces inward towards the center and the North Pole of magnet  124  also faces inward. Each magnetic assembly  156  is similarly constructed. Gaps  205  are disposed between adjacent magnetic assemblies  156 . The polarity of the magnets in the adjacent magnetic assembly  156  may be arranged as in  FIG. 9  so that a gap facing magnet  120  has the opposite polarity of an adjacent gap facing magnet  122  in the adjacent magnetic assembly  156  or as shown in  FIG. 10  with gap facing magnet  120  having the same polarity as adjacent gap facing magnet  122  in the adjacent magnetic assembly  156 . Either configuration in conjunction with gaps  205  provides long range projection of the magnetic field within the oil filter capable of capturing and holding iron particles to the inside of the oil filter as discussed below. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 4 , the permanent magnet array iron filter is typically utilized in conjunction with oil filter  154  by inserting oil filter  154  into the permanent magnet array iron filter. Because oil filter  154  has a steel housing and the steel housing is wrapped by the permanent magnet array iron filter, the permanent magnet array iron filter will remain attached even when subject to strong vibration. 
   As discussed above, the collar is made of a high magnetic material such as Hiperco® Perendur®, 2V Permendur®, Supermalloy®, 45 Permalloy®, Hipernik® Monimax® or other suitable material. The magnets should be rare earth magnets such as neodymium iron boron or samarium cobalt. The plurality of gaps  205  disposed between the magnetic assemblies and pairing the magnets within the magnetic assemblies provide for greater long range projection of the magnetic field within the oil filter to attract iron particles and to strongly hold the captured material on the inside surface of the oil filter while the oil is rapidly flowing through the oil filter. The iron particles and ferrous based contaminants are securely held in place on the inner surface of the oil filter by the permanent magnet array iron filter and then discarded with the used oil filter. This increases the longevity of the mechanical device or vehicle by removing an important source of mechanical wear from the lubricating system. 
   The collar is designed to enhance and direct the magnetic flux lines towards the center and to minimize flux leakage to a minimum towards the outside surfaces. Design of the permanent magnet array iron filter is constructed based on the following formula:
 
 F=−μ   o   χVH·∇H  
 
The magnetic force F directed towards a particle from the magnet is a product of the magnitude of the magnetic field H and the magnitude of the magnetic field gradient, where χ is the magnetic susceptibility of the magnetic particle and V is the volume of the magnetic particles.
 
   The number of magnetic assemblies used depends on the diameter of the collar in a particular application. The direction of the magnetization is perpendicular to the surface and this allows the magnetic field to penetrate throughout the selected target area. The magnetic energy product is selected to be in the range of 15 to 54 MGOe. Also, the temperature of the application determines the type of magnet used. In very high temperature applications, samarium cobalt magnets may be used up to temperatures of 572 degrees F. 
   Although the instant invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art.