Abstract:
A recessed light fixture includes spring steel mounting clips having a first portion fixed to the outside of the cylindrical housing and having a second portion extending through an inverted T aperture in the sidewall housing. For use, the fixture is positioned in a hole and the user pushes the free end of the mounting clip through its aperture. A neck near the free end will then reach the aperture and the tension of the spring steel mounting clip will push the free end upward, with the narrowed neck guided within the longitudinal portion of the inverted T. The expanded portion around the neck restrains the clip from disengaging accidentally. In this second position, the outer portion of the clip is pushed away from the housing to engage and/or inhibit the movement of the fixture relative to the ceiling. The clip has a concave portion, a bend, and a convex portion outside the housing in this second position. Also disclosed is a twist off detachable junction box at the top of the housing.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to improvements in a recessed light fixture or luminaire. Aspects of the present invention concern the mounting clips therefore and their relationship to the device. The invention further concerns the electrical junction box associated with the fixture. 
   Recessed lighting fixtures have been known for several decades and are in widespread use today. The fixture will hold either an incandescent lamp or lamps or other type of lamps, including flourescent or other gas-filled lamps using, for example, the noble gases e.g., halogen lamps, xenon lamps, etc. Typically, such recessed fixtures are mounted at a ceiling or ceiling panel, and electrical wiring to supply power for the fixture is run above the ceiling or ceiling panels, connecting suitably to the fixture. 
   A great deal of attention has been given to the manner in which the recessed lighting fixtures are attached. A wide variety of mounting clips have been devised for this function. 
   Many of these mounting clips are completely external to the light fixture housing. U.S. Pat. No. 5,725,302 issued to Sirkin describes, for example, a mounting clip for a “pot light” where the clip does not require any holes or openings in the wall of the housing of the light fixture in order to operate. Sirkin shows a mounting Clip C having a portion to be positioned below the ceiling and penetrate the ceiling board (typically made of gypsum), another portion lying above the ceiling board, and a third portion or projecting arm which is to “bite into the exterior surface of the side wall” of the light fixture. Sirkin mentions that the light fixture can be removed from the ceiling or soffit using a twisting movement without being damaged by the mounting clips C. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 6,000,818 issued to Canlyte, Inc. on the application of Caluori discloses a mounting clip for mounting a recessed light fixture into a panel. The clip described there includes a resilient arm biased toward the housing of the light fixture which frictionally engages the housing to support the fixture in the panel. The clip is located outside the housing itself and has a portion which descends from the top of the ceiling to the bottom of the ceiling panel, and includes an upward projecting tooth for penetrating the more common panel materials, be they made of plaster, wood, aluminum, or gypsum wallboard. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 3,018,083 to SunBeam Lighting Co. on the application of Bobrick is directed toward a recessed ceiling light fixture having means which automatically swings into position a supporting flag tab configuration. The flag tabs are automatically turned out to engage the ceiling joists or structural members which outline the opening in the ceiling to receive the fixture. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 3,885,147 to Lightcraft of California on the application of Chacon discloses another type of mounting clip used, for example, on fixture supported brackets or wall mounted channel members. 
   It is also known to combine a mounting clip, completely external to the recessed lighting fixture, with a further device such as a screw or the light to penetrate from the interior of the fixture through a sidewall and into the mounting clip, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,431,151 (Schonasky et al.) FIG. 3. 
   Another arrangement specifically contemplates openings in the light fixture for cooperation with mounting clips or structures which in operation are essentially external. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,965,348 to Gotham Lighting Corporation on the application of Gerstel and Langer discloses a receptacle pan A to receive and house a lighting fixture. A clamping device has a main outside element C which contacts the upper surface of the ceiling, external to the pan A, but includes an end portion which extends through a slot structure D on the side of the pan. As shown, a nut and bolt arrangement fixes the clamp C to the pan A. This reference also shows that the slotted aperture on the side of the housing has a unique shape which might be described as a modified cruciform or a multiple cruciform configuration having a main transverse opening 17 below a head 16, beneath which an elongated slot 18 extends downward (toward the ceiling). A plurality of location notches are shown on the sides of the slot 18. The main clamping element C has a relatively sharp bottom corner which “cuts into and wedges into the interior face . . . of the ceiling.” The clamp C has a narrow neck portion extending from the main bottom of clamp C up to a transverse “hammerhead” portion 31. This cooperates with a second structure on the interior of the fixture through which a bolt extends. As described in Gerstel et al., the enlarged hammerhead portion 31 will pass through the transverse enlargement 17 of the slot on the pan A and can be fitted through an appropriate aperture on the inside bracket portion. As thus assembled, before tightening, the inside portion bolted to the outside mounting clamp C can be moved vertically as needed and then tightened. It does not appear that the entirety or even a significant portion of the outside mounting clamp C will begin within the interior of the fixture A and then be extended through the transverse opening 17 to the outside of the fixture. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 4,250,540 issued to McGraw-Edison Co. on the application of Kristofek shows another mounting arrangement involving an opening in the sidewall or housing of a light fixture. The sidewall opening is in a “T” configuration. There are ratchet teeth on the outside of the light fixture which cooperate with a portion of the mounting clip. FIGS. 5-7 show how the mounting clip is extended from the inside of the light fixture through the transverse portion of the “T” opening, articulated, and placed into operative position. In this structure, a free end 45 at the bottom of the mounting clip along with a bent knee 43 both contact the upper surface of the ceiling panel. The top of the clip engages the ratchet teeth preventing vertical movement of the fixture. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 4,739,460 issued to Cooper Industries, Inc. on the application of Kelsall. This patent shows another arrangement of spring clips for mounting a recessed light fixture in a ceiling. The clips are disposed in respective elongated longitudinal slots in the sidewall of a cylindrical portion of the fixture and are located inside the housing during shipment and prior to installation. The clips are adapted to rotate outwardly, in use, for securing the housing above the ceiling in an installed position. These clips have a unique shape both in elevational view and plan view, as shown in the patent. The openings in the sidewall of the light fixture are not illustrated clearly in this reference, but they are described as “a pair of opposed elongated slots which are vertically aligned within the wall . . . of the can housing . . . ” As described at Col. 2, “prior to installation of the housing through a mounting hole or opening 20 in the ceiling 12, a pair of snap spring clips 14 are contained substantially in their entirety within or inside of can housing 10, so that a portion of the clips are flush with the outer surface of the wall 18. This permits can housing 10 to be raised vertically through and pushed substantially above ceiling opening 20. In use, the spring clips 14 are rotated outwardly to bear against the upper sub-ceiling surface 22 for retaining securely can housing 10 within the ceiling as will be explained in greater detail hereinafter.” FIG. 6 of Kelsall shows a first position of the spring clips 14 during shipping and prior to the clips being placed into the operative position. FIG. 7, on the other hand, shows a second position after the clips have been rotated from the first position (primarily within the recessed can) to a position largely outside of the can, although a section of the clip remains within the can, parallel to and abutting the sidewall thereof. Generally speaking, from the vertical portion of the mounting clip which remains within the fixture, a diagonal portion extends outward therefrom through an aperture and at a remote end recurves back upon itself so that a foot portion 28 bears against the upper surface of the ceiling. This clip, therefore, is not fixedly fastened to the housing. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 5,941,625 issued to Bazz, Inc. on the application of Morand shows another arrangement wherein a clip has a vertical portion which remains on the inside of the fixture, parallel to the sidewall, has a diagonal portion on the outside, and has a foot or “horizontally extending edge 36” for contacting the ceiling structure. 
   Still further mounting clips and other arrangements for mounting recessed lighting are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,175,281 (Lownseth); U.S. Pat. No. 4,232,361 (Kelsall); and U.S. Pat. No. 4,238,815 (Price). 
   An object of the present invention is to provide an improved mounting clip arrangement for a recessed lighting fixture. 
   An independent object of the present invention is to make other improvements in the recessed lighting fixture. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   A recessed light fixture has an improved mounting clip arrangement. During shipment and prior to installation, the mounting clip is in a first non-extended position wherein some of the mounting clip is located outside the housing of the fixture, and some of it is located inside. The fixture is inserted into a suitable hole in the ceiling or wall, and then the portion of the mounting clip which is on the inside of the fixture is manually pushed outward. In so doing, the outer perimeter of the mounting clip outside of the fixture is moved beyond the hole into which the fixture was inserted. At a certain point, a neck on the mounting clip seats in a longitudinal portion of an aperture on the fixture, which is the second position of the mounting clip. Preferably the mounting clip is affixed at one end to the housing and in the second position is under tension which urges the clip inward, as constrained by the aperture through which the clip passes. Preferably, multiple clips are provided, each in a respective aperture. 
   For removal of the fixture, the user reaches into the open end of the fixture, pulls down the free end of the mounting clip, moves the neck down through the longitudinal portion of the aperture, and then moves the clip (or permits the clip to move) through the horizontal (circumferential) portion of the aperture. Once all of the clips are released in this manner, the fixture can be withdrawn through the hole in the ceiling or wall. 
   Another feature of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is that at the top of the recessed light fixture, a junction box is detachable through a twist arrangement, without requiring screws or the like to affix the junction box to the remainder of the fixture. At least one pin or nib is provided on the fixture body and the junction box includes a slotted opening with an extension to the bottom perimeter of the junction box for passage of the nib. After the junction box is seated over the nib, it is rotated to seat the nib into the slotted opening thereby preventing axial movement thereafter. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In describing a preferred embodiment, reference is made to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals correspond to like parts and wherein: 
       FIG. 1  is an exploded view of a recessed light fixture embodying various principles of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2A  shows a portion of the embodiment in  FIG. 1 , but in an installed position; 
       FIG. 2B  is a representation of one mounting clip, in an unbent condition, in an inverted T aperture of the housing; 
       FIG. 3  is a bottom view showing two of the mounting clips in the position illustrated in FIG.  1  and one mounting clip in the position illustrated in  FIG. 2A , i.e. the operative position; and 
       FIG. 4  is a rear orthogonal view of the recessed light fixture with the mounting clips expanded and the junction box fully seated on the neck. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   Reference is made to  FIG. 1  which illustrates an exploded side view of a recessed light fixture  100  according to various aspects of the present invention. The illustrative light fixture is a luminaire for containing a flourescent, incandescent, or other bulb in a socket or other mount, represented at  102 . Recessed light fixture  100  is shown in position relative to a ceiling member  104  having a circular hole  106  therein. Fixture  100  includes a generally cylindrical housing  108  as a main body portion. At the bottom of cylindrical housing  108  is a flange  110  having an outside diameter greater than that of the ceiling hole  106 . At the upper end of the fixture, cylindrical housing  108  curves or tapers inward to a neck portion  112  which is also generally cylindrical and may include a very slight conical aspect but still is generally cylindrical. A receptacle housing  114  is illustrated just above housing  108  for sake of illustration. Receptacle  114  is also called the “junction box.” Generally a conical section or cylinder, at its bottom portion its inside diameter is just slightly larger than the outside diameter of neck  112  so that junction box  114  can be pressed manually onto the neck  112  and have a snug fit. However, more affirmative engagement is provided in the illustrated embodiment in the form of a pin or nib  116  which extends radially outward from neck  112  a short distance on the order of 1 millimeter. A corresponding channel  118  is formed in junction box  114 . It will be understood that when junction box  114  is maneuvered onto neck  112 , the user will position channel  118  so that its mouth will overlie pin  116 . After suitable downward movement of junction box  114  onto neck  112 , an elongated portion of channel  118  extending generally horizontally i.e. circumferentially, will be in line with the pin and the whole junction box  114  can then be rotated clockwise until the pin is seated at the bottom of channel  118 . Preferably, a plurality of such channels and pins are used on the junction box  114  and neck  112 . Additionally, a hole  120  is preferably located in neck  112  beside one such pin  116  and a corresponding hole  122  is located in junction box  114  so that when the junction box is properly seated on the cylindrical housing and suitably rotated, a sheet metal screw (not shown) can be fitted through holes  120  and  122  to prevent rotational movement therebetween. It will be understood that in an alternate design, one could place pins  116  on the junction box and the channels  118  on the neck  112 . 
   Junction box  114  will have at least one punch-out hole for connecting cable armor or the like, and a punched-out hole  124  is shown. Three wires are represented, including a ground wire  126 , a first power wire  128 , and a second power wire  130  which can be connected to a thermal protection chip represented at  132  within a separate mount  134 . In addition to having a punch hole  124  on the periphery of junction box  114 , an additional punch hole  136  is located on top of a flat, circular top plate  138  mounted on the top of junction box  114 . Top plate  138  is held to the top of junction box  116  by screws  140  or the like. Preferably the upper surface of junction box  114  has a large circular aperture (not shown) which is covered by the top plate  138 . 
   At the bottom of fixture  100  a bezel  140  is shown in FIG.  1 . Bezel  140  is omitted from the bottom view of  FIG. 3 , but it will be understood that bezel  140  is a completely removable member, typically made of plastic, which is friction fit on the inside diameter of housing  108 . 
   The mounting clips used in the recessed light fixture  100  are shown in all of the Figures. Illustratively, three spring clips  142  are used, each made of spring steel about one-half an inch in width, illustratively. It will be understood that part of each mounting clip  142  will be located outside the cylindrical housing  108 , generally at the bottom portion thereof (i.e. the portion that aligns with the wall or ceiling) and it will extend through a corresponding aperture in the housing body so that a minor portion of the clip will be located within the cylindrical housing  108 . Preferably, the each mounting clip  142  is secured to the lower portion of cylindrical housing  108 , on the outside thereof, by a rivet  144  or the like passing through the mounting clip and the cylindrical housing just above the flange  110 . It will be understood that each mounting clip  142  is movable between a first position suitable for inserting the fixture  100  into the hole  106  in the ceiling  104 , and a second position in which the mounting clip is extended radially outward in a manner to be described, for holding the fixture  100  in position relative to the ceiling  104 . 
   These two positions are illustrated in the figures.  FIG. 1  shows the mounting clips  142  in the first (withdrawn) position, ready for installation.  FIG. 2A  shows one mounting clip after it has been extended into the second (extended) position.  FIG. 3  shows two of the mounting clips in the first position and a third one in the second position.  FIG. 4  shows a perspective view with two of the mounting clips in the second position. 
   For each mounting clip  142 , an aperture having a horizontal component and vertical component communicating with the horizontal component is formed in cylindrical housing  108 . Preferably this is an “inverted T” shape. A front view of such a T aperture  146  is shown in the lower center part of FIG.  1 . As can be seen, a horizontal portion  148  of the aperture  146  is provided. (As used herein, the “horizontal” direction is parallel to the plane of the ceiling  104 . A vertical portion  150  extends upward from the horizontal portion  148 . The width of mounting clip  142  is smaller than the width of horizontal portion  148  but larger than the width of vertical portion  150  so that the clip  142  can pass freely through the horizontal portion  148  but not the vertical portion  150 . It will be understood that the horizontal portion  148  is circumferential on a cylindrical surface, and that the vertical portion  150  is longitudinal. 
   As shown in  FIG. 1 , mounting clip  142  includes a first portion  152  which is fixedly fastened to the housing  108  by rivet  144 . In the first position, first portion  152  then makes an acute angle with the vertical outer surface of cylindrical housing  108 . Proceeding further along mounting clip  142 , a bend  154  is shown as the part of clip  142  which is most radially outward from the housing. The portion of clip  142  beyond the bend  154  is referred to as a second portion  156 . That second portion  156  extends back toward cylindrical housing  108  and extends through the horizontal portion  148  of the inverted T aperture  146 . Typically, clip  142  is made of spring steel, and the second portion  156  will be arcuate. 
   Near the extremity or free end of second portion  156  of the mounting clip  142 , a neck  158  is formed. Neck  158  is a narrowed portion relative to the body of mounting clip  142 . At the base of the neck, a pair of shoulders  160  are present. Above the neck, the remaining part of the mounting clip forms a head or tab  162 . Head  162  has lower surfaces  164  beside neck  158 , opposing shoulders  160 . This construction is represented in  FIG. 2   b , but it must be understood that in  FIG. 2   b , mounting clip  142  is represented as though it had no bend  154  in the clip. This representation is for purposes of description. It will be understood that clip  142  as implemented will have a bend  154 . 
   The size of head  162  should be large enough so that it can be grasped by the fingers or a tool, as will be explained below. Typically, the height of head  162  may be on the order of ⅜ of one inch. 
   As seen in  FIG. 1 , the first portion  152  of mounting clip  142  forms a generally straight ramp, which could be curved in another embodiment, so that the bend  154  is located some small distance radially outward and away from cylindrical housing  108 . Preferably, bend  154  in this first position is no further outward from housing  108  than is the end of flange  110 . For insertion of the fixture  100  into the round hole  106  in the ceiling, the user may manipulate the fixture so that the mounting clips are above the ceiling. If necessary or helpful, the user may manually grasp the second portion  156  from within the cylindrical housing  108  and pull it radially inward so that the first portion  152  of mounting clip  142  which is outside of the housing is drawn flush against the outer surface of the cylindrical housing  108 , thereby permitting passage of the fixture  100  into the hole  106 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , when the fixture  100  is oriented within the hole  106 , the mounting clips  142  generally are not in contact with any part of the ceiling  104 . 
   To secure fixture  100  in place, the user now pushes on the portion of the mounting clips  142  within housing  108  to push in a radially outward direction. As each mounting clip  142  is pushed radially outward, it flexes, and the outside surface of the first portion  152  bends in a concave curve. The bend  154  of the clip  142  will now be extended to a point beyond the ceiling hole  106 , and preferably the first portion  152  of the mounting clip will contact a corner or upper surface of ceiling  104 , as represented in  FIG. 2   a.    
   The arrangement of the neck  158  and inverted T provides a locking mechanism to keep the mounting clip in this orientation. Specifically, when the head portion  162  draws sufficiently near to the side wall of housing  108 , the neck  158  will enter the inverted T aperture  146 . Because the width of the neck  158  is smaller than the width of the opening at vertical portion  150 , the tension being exerted by the mounting clip will push the free end of the clip upward so that the neck  158  comes to rest at the upper-most portion of vertical portion  150 . This is the second position. Now the shoulders  160  of clip  142  are located on the outside of housing  108  directly against the side wall. The outer surface of the second portion  156  of mounting clip  142  presents a convex surface at this time, and, as mentioned, the outer surface of the first portion  152  presents a concave portion. In this (second) position, the majority of each mounting clip  142  has been moved out of the inside of the cylindrical housing  108 , and essentially only the heads  162  remain therewithin. The mounting clips have extended the effective diameter of fixture  100 , as seen most plainly in  FIG. 3 , where the bottom mounting clip  142  is shown in the second position with the upper two mounting clips shown in the first position. Typically, the diameter of the housing, that is to say, the distance of the bend  154  from a radius of the fixture  100  will be 0.5 inches or more beyond the outer periphery of flange  110 . Hence, this extension prevents the fixture  100  from falling through the aperture  106  in the ceiling. Additionally, any downward movement of fixture  100  from the ceiling will be met with increased resistance as the mounting clips  142 , and particularly the first portions  152  thereof, will contact the upper surface of the ceiling  104  and will resist further downward movement, since the neck  158  is locked in the vertical portion  150  of the inverted T aperture. 
   If the user desires to withdraw fixture  100  from the ceiling, this can be done simply by grasping the head portion  162 , moving it downward within the vertical portion  150  until the neck portion reaches the horizontal portion  148  of the aperture. At that time, the shoulders  160  and the rest of the second portion  156  will push through aperture  148  due to the flexible, resilient, spring nature of the clip providing sufficient tension. The mounting clips will move to the first position and can be pulled further into the housing  108  manually to permit withdrawal of the fixture  100  through the ceiling hole  106 . 
   The illustrated description of the preferred embodiment according to inventive features should facilitate the construction of a recessed light fixture by persons who are working in this field. Construction details are very well known in the industry, but it may be noted that, for example, the junction box and the housing can be zinc plated, painted, or electroplated steel, or formed of other materials. The mounting clips can be made of stainless steel having a thickness of approximately 20 mils or approximately 0.5 millimeter. Its width can be on the order of 0.5 inches but can be smaller or wider as desired. The mounting clips can be secured to the housing  108  by rivets, screws, welds, or other devices for attachment. The bezel may be formed of a plastic or phenolic which is illustratively two millimeters thick and it may be detachably secured to the housing  108  via a plurality of suitable spring clips. 
   It will be appreciated that the foregoing description has been for illustrative purposes only and that the scope of protection for the present invention is to be determined in accordance with the accompanying claims along with equivalence thereof. The skilled artisan will appreciate that the present invention is capable of several variations which do not depart from the scope and spirit of the present invention. For example, while the preferred aperture in the housing for securing the mounting clips has been described as an inverted T, other shapes can be used, and other configurations which use a resilient or flexible mounting clip that is locked into a second position but which is able to be unlocked from that second position.