Abstract:
A process for designing a cable wiring path, or producing a cable interconnection layout in the form of one or more cable bundles is proposed, wherein electrical, electromagnetic and mechanical incompatibles of proposed changes can be detected early and overcome as necessary, in certain cases by multiple iterative checking and changing of transmission line paths within a mechanical structure. By data exchange between specialized programs for mechanical characteristics on the one hand and electrical characteristics on the other hand and, in certain cases, multiple data dialogs, a cable harness in the form of one or more cable bundles can be designed in short time taking into consideration the two very different types of requirements.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The invention concerns a process for producing a conductor comprising at, least one cable bundle, such as by laying out a cable wiring path or designing a cable interconnection layout. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   In facilities wherein a plurality of interconnected electrical devices are arranged within a mechanical structure, the connections between devices are frequently established using separately manufactured cable bundles. These cable bundles are subsequently introduced into the mechanical structure and connected using connectors associated with the devices being connected. Such procedures are particularly typical in vehicles such as automobiles and airplanes. The mechanical arrangement, typically including the positions of the devices, is predetermined and the cable harness is adapted to this predetermined arrangement. A logical wiring diagram for the electrical system maps the connections in detail. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The object of the present invention is to provide a process which utilizes a data processing system to generate a complete cable wiring layout. 
   Important aspects of the invention include, on the one hand, the simplified development of a cable wiring layout through simultaneous modeling of the mechanical structure and interconnection lines, and on the other hand, the testing as to whether the so designed cable wiring layout would experience possible conflicts (incompatibilities) relative to preset restrictions, in particular restrictions on the electrical system. In particular, such restrictions can result from incompatibilities of certain transmission lines on the basis of the excessive coupling of interference signals, maximum transmission attenuation along a transmission line, etc. These conflict checks preferably occur entirely in the data processor during the design or developmental phase, so that conflicts can be recognized and the design appropriately modified. It is particularly advantageous that the restriction criteria are kept relatively simple, and since the operating system carries out the steps of laying out the cable paths and assigning disconnection points to these wiring diagrams, no complex technical knowledge or formulas need to be programmed. 
   Particularly with respect to checking for conflicts, it is envisioned that the various processing steps are provided in separate program modules that have shared or common access to data files or that exchange data via the exchange of files. This is achieved by using files that have a file format that is compatible or convertible for use with all associated program modules. This is also particularly significant for the electrical characteristics of the wiring structure, for which a separate program module can have particular advantages. For example, such a program module can carry out conflict checks with respect to the electromagnetic compatibility of the transmission lines, with respect to transmission attenuation, among other things, and/or a selection or assignment of transmission line types and/or connector elements and/or securing elements. Transmission line types are discussed later and are not to be confused with cable types. The former is characterized by electrical parameters (or optical parameters in the case of optical fibers), particularly with respect to electromagnetic coupling characteristics, transmission types, etc., while the later is concerned with the characteristics of the physical structure such as cross section, constraints on radius of curvature, etc. The assignments that are made for the mechanical structure and the cable layout are performed in a program or program module that is separate from the main program are then again fed back to the main program or to another program module for further processing. For example, a certain cable type may be specified for a given line of a wiring path segment, e.g. a cable with a shielded jacket, and that configuration can be tested anew as to whether the minimal radius of curvature of the newly input cable type is compatible with the directional changes within the wiring path segment. 
   More specifically, such a main program can be a CAD-program for the design of the mechanical structure and a further program can be a program for the design of the wiring diagram or layout. It is, however, preferred to provide as the main program a program with CAD functionality of reduced scope and a separate CAD-program for the design of the mechanical structure. In this way, no access into basic CAD program is necessary and the main program can be universally employed. The functions of the program referred to above as the main program can, however, also be integrated in the basic CAD program for the mechanical design, for example, as a supplemental module or plug-in. 
   The laying out and assignments during the design of the transmission line structure can also influence the mechanical design itself, for example, when considering securing elements for the cable bundles or when considering wall cut-outs for the passing-through of a cable bundle or for insertion along the wiring path. Such changes must then again be checked for mechanical acceptability. 
   Each change in the design of the cable harness made in response to a recognized conflict can again bring about a new conflict with respect to different criteria. Multiple data exchange dialogs can then occur in the case of multiple separate program modules until a design is formulated which is evaluated and confirmed as acceptable by the user and which is then employed for the realization of the cable wiring layout in the form of one or more cable bundles. The cable wiring layout resulting from the design process is preferably incorporated into the description of the mechanical structure, so that in the presence of the cable harness can be taken into consideration in case of a possible later change of the mechanical structure. Likewise, changes in the layout of the transmission lines, in particular in the form of connectors as disconnect points with specified contact assignments, can be incorporated in the logical wiring diagram of the electrical system. 
   The laying out of the connecting transmission line paths in the model, which is preferably in the form of a three-dimensional representation in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, begins with an image of the connecting transmission line paths between connector elements of the devices in the form of straight lines of shortest possible connection paths, without taking the mechanical structure into consideration. The positions of the connector elements can be fixed on the devices depending upon the design and orientation of the devices or, in certain cases, can be positioned by the user. 
   The layout of the transmission line paths preferably takes the form of assembled transmission line path segments (bundles) with respectively uniform or standardized conductor grouping within a segment. Transmission line path segments can preferably be laid out by establishing segment end points in the image display of the mechanical structure as well as, for example, inputting points where a path changes direction. A realistic cable path is provided between adjacent end points or, as the case may be, direction changing points in the course of a transmission line path segment, by guiding the transmission line in a direct path taking into consideration the final cable curvature at the direction changing points and unbundling or branching off points, and cable curvatures are represented by, for example, a path definition that is continuous up to the second differentiation of the length of the cable bundle divided into a number of segments. The directional change radius can take into consideration restrictions of both the mechanical structure as well as restrictions or constraints of the cable types assigned to the transmission line path segment. 
   Transmission line path segment end points can be mapped to cable end points on the devices, to cable tying-up or bundling points and to disconnect points with connectors. Cable bending during installation is sometimes precluded since, in certain cases, the finished cable bundles are not very flexible due to the fact that the cable bundle is tied together. In the case of inflexible cable bundles, the cable bundles are prepared using deflections and tie points that are precisely determined according to bending radius and angle during development. 
   The conflict check preferably includes a determination of the compatibility of the transmission lines assembled into a cable bundle for a given path segment. Criteria therefore can include for example that
         a total amperage is not to be exceeded within a transmission line segment.   control or sensor transmission lines for particularly sensitive, critical functions are not bundled together in a common transmission line path segment with transmission lines of certain signal types.   interference-sensitive transmission lines are not bundled together with interference or noise radiating transmission lines in a cable bundle of a transmission line path segment.       

   A particularly advantageous process for carrying out automated conflict testing, that is, evaluation not by the user but rather by preprogrammed process steps, envisions defining and predetermining various criteria for certain individual characteristics and rejection logic, and inputting those criteria into a matrix table. For the design of a cable bundle that begins with the bundling of transmission lines into transmission line path segments, a check can easily be carried out by checking a transmission line path segment for satisfaction of individual criteria on the basis of the predetermined values for the cable types and transmission line types, using the definitions of the electrical system, and from the predetermined rejection logic it can be recognized whether an incompatibility exists. In certain cases, the involved criteria and/or transmission lines can be indicated in the case of the recognition of a conflict. 
   The conflict testing can be carried out in a simple manner schematically and, in particular, automatically without evaluation or intervention by the user. In particular, a number of types of conductors can be classified, for example, as electromagnetic radiation sensitive or as particularly radiation emissive transmission lines within a general frequency range, and the individual transmission lines of the electrical system can be categorized into one or more of those types. The conflict criteria can then be either applied to the respective transmission line groups of a given cable bundle or, in certain cases, to a given transmission line path segment of a branched cable bundle. It is particularly advantageous that the specification of conductor types and/or the predefining of conflict criteria can occur independently of the existence of a actual cable harness or cable bundle, and that the process can thus be carried out particularly economically on a data processor. In particular, the conflict criteria could be predefined in the form of logical operations of some existing line types and thereby be simply tested automatically. After such predefinitions or classification schemes are determined once, they can then be applied to various cable bundles without modification and, for example, be valid globally for an entire group of objects and/or within a project. It is possible to adapt to special project requirements, with one and the same program structure, by the simple redefinition of wiring types and criteria. 
   The conflict testing can preferably further encompass additional criteria besides the testing of electromagnetic compatibility of bundled transmission lines, and in particular the testing can include, among other things, the checking of transmission line lengths, checking of transmission attenuation between two devices, checking of bend radius in the course of the transmission line path, checking of mechanical integrity in the case of transmission lines passing through wall openings with or without disconnect plugs/sockets, and checking to determine if acceptable cross-sections of securing points are exceeded. 
   A recognized incompatibility within a cable bundle or a segment thereof triggers the generation of a conflict signal, which is generated preferably along with information regarding the type of incompatibility and/or the individual transmission lines involved, and preferably appears in the image display or representation of the assembly indicating the conductor path and/or in a listing of the individual circuits, for example using a special manner of indication (for example color, blinking indicater marker). 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention is described below in greater detail on the basis of preferred embodiments and with reference to the drawings. There is shown in: 
       FIG. 1  a 3-D representation of the mechanical structure with symbolic transmission lines. 
       FIG. 2  the arrangement according to  FIG. 2  with partially laid out transmission line path segments and the therewith associated transmission lines. 
       FIG. 3  two cable bundles as a cable wiring layout for the transmission lines. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   In the mechanical assembly shown in  FIG. 1 , multiple devices G 1  through G 6  are provided in fixed positions on the upper side PLO and the lower side PLU of a presumptively continuous plate or sheet PL, shown broken-off in the figure, wherein the devices G 1  through G 6  are intended to belong to an electrical system and to be electrically interconnected via transmission lines Vij, wherein i and j each indicate one of the two devices connected by the transmission line Vij. The illustrated assembly is greatly simplified in comparison to an actual assembly and serves essentially for demonstrating the principal concept in accordance with the invention. 
   Connectors T 1  through T 5  are provided on the devices G 1  through G 6  associated with the electrical system, of which the function is not relevant to this general discussion, which connectors are connected to appropriate mating-pieces of the generated cable wiring layout, particularly in the form of plug connectors, which could however be clamp connectors, soldered connectors, etc. It is also possible that multiple separate connectors Tn could be associated with a single device. As for connectors T 1  through, T 5  a limited number of types are available, which number is again further limited depending on the type and number of electrical connections for the individual connectors T 1  through T 5 . 
   The position of a connector T 1  through T 5  on a device G 1  through G 6  can either depend upon the design of the device G 1  through G 6  or can be selected within limits by the user. The positioning by the user can be specified in a conventional manner by direct position input via a keyboard, via 2-D input devices (mouse, track ball) or 3-D input devices, preferably with representation of a moveable marker (cursor) upon the image. Insofar as a multiplicity of element types are selectable by the user, the selection can occur with the aid of a type list and/or with the aid of an icon. 
   In the logical wiring diagram of the electrical system the multi-wire transmission lines Vij can preferably be simultaneously mapped to connectors T 1  through T 5  on the device side, preferably with assignment of specific contact locations to the individual wires. It is also possible for the user to assign transmission lines and/or individual wires to one of the connectors T 1  through T 5 . 
   A display of the transmission line Vij in the diagram of the mechanical structure can be generated automatically using the data already available as files or tables of the logical wiring plan for a given arrangement of the transmission lines Vij to the device-side connectors T 1  through T 5 . This diagram is preferably in the form of straight lines between the connectors Tn of the various devices G 1  through G 6  connected by the transmission lines Vij and is generated after matching one of the connectors Tn represented in the diagram with one of the connectors Tn present in the logic wiring plan of the electrical system or after assignment of transmission lines or wires to an indicated connector Tn. In this display, the connector transmission lines Vij form short paths between two connected connectors T 1  with T 3  or, as the case may be T 1  with T 2 , without taking into consideration the mechanical structure, which as a rule does not permit such direct connector paths. The various connecting transmission lines can advantageously be represented in the display by using differing colors and/or shapes. In the display according to  FIG. 1  the connecting transmission lines Vij are represented by interrupted or dashed lines, and in covered-over areas by dotted lines. 
   It may well be possible at this point to carry out a conflict check for the symbolically represented connector transmission lines Vij, however this is not necessary, since these transmission line paths have no geometric relation to the shape of the one or more cable bundles of the cable layout to be produced. 
   The user can define wiring paths in the display, whereby preferably the size of the displayed segment as well as the direction from which the object is viewed can be varied using a keyboard and/or other input devices. To accomplish this, for example, end points for the transmission line segments can be positioned upon the surfaces of the displayed mechanical arrangement, and connector path segments, between those two end points can be defined. Transmission line path segments, which as a rule are presumed to be a straight line between two end points, can, however, also be broken down into multiple, sequentially connected segments and form a curved path by plotting or positioning of direction changing points. This advantageously allows a continuous connector path definition to occur from inception, as already described. Curved path segments could also be selected. At the path direction changing points the radius of bending, among other things, can be defined, which, however, for a completed cable bundle can be set to correspond automatically to the minimal bending radius for the bundled cable. 
   One special case for the laying out of the transmission line paths is the case of having to connect through a closed surface that exists in the design of the mechanical architecture. For this case it can advantageously be envisioned that the user can use a cursor to input the position for a surface breakthrough, through which either a cable bundle can be guided or at which a disconnect point can be introduced in the transmission line path in the form of a plug connection or the like. It is preferred to use a junction box or plug with receptacles on both sides of the surface to be broken through rather than simply passing the cable through an opening, particularly when the cable bundle segment to be passed through is long and/or branched and thus is difficult to manipulate. A plug type connection is preferred when the surface provides a separating or barrier function between two spaces and, for example, is designed to be pressure tight or to serve as an explosion shield. A disconnect point can alternatively also be provided in a transmission line guide path in order to divide a complex structure into multiple cable bundles of lower complexity. The placement of a separation point with a connector element does not require the a priori definition of the type of separation point, but rather the definition can be as a disconnect point per se (generic connector element) which can later be assigned a specific type. The placement of a surface opening is to be checked for mechanical acceptability, which can, for example, lead to a conflict. The user&#39;s simply moving the position of the opening to a suitable location, however, can then overcome that conflict. The checking for mechanical acceptability can occur either in the program creating the display, or by data exchange with a special program or program module that can, in particular, be the mechanical design CAD-program. As a result of the quick response to impermissible incursions in the mechanical structure, corrections can be quickly undertaken, avoiding the need for extensive and fundamental changes in an already finished wiring diagram. 
   Other mechanical modifications attributable to the positioning of transmission line paths can include, for example, user positionable securing elements FE, in which case checks should simultaneously be made for the mechanical suitability, for example, with respect to the connection to a load bearing surface or another load bearing element of the mechanical design using screws, rivets, adhesives, etc., or with respect to the load bearing ability of the mechanical connecting point, the load bearing surface or another load bearing element. 
     FIG. 2  shows an intermediate stage in the designing of the cable wiring layout, wherein a first transmission line path segment B 1  is defined between end points A 1 A and A 1 B, a second transmission line path segment B 2  is defined between end points B 2 A and B 2 B and a third transmission line path segment B 3  is defined between end points B 3 A and B 3 B. Further, a disconnect point is defined as plug-in connector WS in an opening introduced though the plate PL. The first transmission line path segment B 1  is curved at a direction-changing point U 1 . The three transmission line path to segments B 1 , B 2  and B 3  meet at a branch point, in which the end points A 1 B of the first transmission line path segment, B 2 A of the second transmission line path segment, and B 3 A of the third transmission line path segment B 1 , B 2  or B 3 , respectively, intersect. The third transmission line path segment B 3  goes from the branch point to the connecting element WS. 
   The transmission line path segments B 1 , B 2  and B 3  can, immediately after being laid out, be assigned connecting transmission lines Vij according to  FIG. 1 , which again can be input by the user via the conventional operating elements. The placement or positioning can also be undertaken only for a part of the wires of a multi-wire connector line Vij. Upon assignment of a connecting transmission line Vij to a transmission path segment B 1 , B 2  or B 3 , the display is preferably automatically changed in such a manner that the symbolic connecting transmission line Vij no longer runs between the fixed connection points in the connection elements Tn of the devices G 1  through G 6 , but rather from these connection points Tn to respectively one of the end points A 1 A, A 1 B . . . B 3 B of the transmission line path segment B 1 , B 2  or B 3 , that is for example from connection point T 1  on device G 1  to end point A 1 A of the first transmission line path segment. 
   In the example illustrated in  FIG. 2  the connecting transmission lines V 12 , V 13 , V 14  and V 15  are assigned to the first transmission line path segment B 1 , whereby all connecting lines V 12  through V 15  emanating from connection element T 1  of device G 1  are bundled in this transmission line path segment B 1 , and thus one single symbolic transmission line Vij can represent the path from connection element T 1  to end point A 1 A of the first transmission line path segment B 1 . The connection lines V 12 , V 13  and V 34  are assigned to the second transmission line path segment B 2 , and the connection lines V 14 , V 15  and V 34  to the third transmission path segment B 3 . 
   The three transmission line path segments B 1  through B 3  contain therewith respectively different combinations of connecting transmission lines Vij, and are thus also respectively individually to be checked for compliance with respect to the bundled conductor types for electrical or, as the case may be, electromagnetic criteria. One such check can occur in the program or program module that controls the displayed image with the possibility of the mapping of the transmission line path. This same program or program module can, for example, also be programmed to generate the mechanical layout, or the check could occur in a separate program or module which, for example, can also be programmed to design the logical wiring plan of the electrical system. Automatically checking each change in the transmission line layout and transmission line organization immediately for compatibility can be advantageous, particularly in the first mentioned case, or also, in particular in the second mentioned case, checking for compatibility of bundled, transmission lines can be performed only upon request of the operator. For the connection element WS at the disconnect point extending through the plate PL, an element type can be selected from among those remaining as eligible after the specification of the type and number of the transmission lines to be connected therethrough, or it could be selected by the user by using, for example, a specially dedicated program for the design of the electrical wiring plan. A selected element type for the connector element is again checked for suitability with respect to the mechanical structure. 
   The connecting transmission lines represented symbolically in FIG.  2  and that are not mapped can, in an appropriate manner, be positioned or mapped into other transmission line path segments completing the cable harness. Under the assumption that no unsolvable conflicts of electrical, electromagnetic or mechanical manner occur, a finished cable wiring layout results, for example, with two separate cable bundles KBO and KBU, as sketched in FIG.  3 . The cable bundle KBU situated on the lower side of the plate PL with connector elements S 4  and S 5  adapted to the connectors Tn of devices G 4  and G 5  on the ends of the cable harness and the cable bundle KBO situated on the upper side PLO of plate PL are connectable to each other with elements SWU and SWO via the element extending through the plate as well as element WS seated in the plate opening, and thereby forming the overall electrical cable layout. 
   Checking for electrical and electromagnetic compatibility of multiple transmission lines Vij bundled together in a transmission line path segment B 1  through B 3  preferably presupposes a classification, into one or more transmission line types, of the connection transmission lines Vij, their wires individually or multiple wires connected into groups. Examples of pre-specified transmission line types are: 
   
     
       
             
             
           
         
             
                 
             
             
               Type 
               Description 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
               KE 
               Electro-magnetic emitting 
             
             
               KS 
               Sensitive to electro-magnetic radiation 
             
             
               KX 
               Electro-magnetic emitting and sensitive to electro-magnetic 
             
             
                 
               radiation 
             
             
               KC 
               Transmission line with sensitive data transfer 
             
             
               KA 
               Particularly critical transmission line 
             
             
               KN 
               Neutral line (no incompatibilities) 
             
             
               . . . 
               . . . 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   With such pre-defined transmission line types and subsequent classification of individual transmission lines Vij into the transmission line types, compatibility checking of bundled transmission lines Vij can particularly be formulated simply by correlating a set of the transmission line types occurring in a bundle VBO, KBU or transmission line types occurring in a bundle segment and by considering the number of such line types. An example of some combinations are set up in the following table and pre-defined as incompatible: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
           
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
             
             
               Type: 
               KE 
               KS 
               KX 
               KC 
               KA 
               KN 
               Condition 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
                 
               &gt;0 
               &gt;0 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               KE &gt; 0 AND KS &gt; 0 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               &gt;1 
                 
                 
                 
               KX &gt; 1 
             
             
                 
               &gt;0 
                 
                 
               &gt;0 
                 
                 
               KE &gt; 0 AND KC &gt; 0 
             
             
                 
               &gt;0 
                 
                 
                 
               &gt;0 
                 
               KE &gt; 0 AND KA &gt; 0 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
               &gt;0 
                 
               &gt;0 
                 
               KX &gt; 0 AND KA &gt; 0 
             
             
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
               . . . 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   The condition &gt;0 for a transmission line type is satisfied when at least one transmission line Vij of this type is present in the bundle KBO or KBU being examined. Also, multiple transmission lines Vij of the same type may be incompatible with each other. Such a situation is shown in the above example for the condition KX&gt;1, that is, two or more transmission lines Vij of the transmission line type KX. 
   A recognized incompatibility can be overcome by changing the transmission line path with which a given transmission line is associated. In certain cases a recognized incompatibility can even be overcome by reassigning to the transmission line a different transmission line type, for example by replacement or substitution of an unshielded line with a shielded transmission line. 
   The particular advantage of the method involving the pre-defined simple logic and/or numeric conditions lies in the independence of the objects of such a pre-definition. In particular the testing criteria can be globally applied, without modification, to all of the various transmission line path segments of the transmission line combination. Further, a checking or testing based on such pre-definitions can, because of the simple formulation of the parameters or conditions, be performed for each change of assignment of a transmission line to a different transmission line path segment, and the changed assignment can be quasi immediately newly evaluated. 
   The characteristics described above and set forth in the claims can be advantageously realized both individually as well as in various combinations. The invention is not limited to the described illustrative embodiment, but rather can be freely modified within the realm of the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art.