Abstract:
The present invention comprises a method of enhancing illumination by a variety of lamp types through the use of reflective technologies, for example, replacement of expensive high intensity density or mercury vapor lamps with low wattage flourescent tubes having at least one and in some cases, up to three reflective surfaces for focusing otherwise lost light toward a target illumination area. Further, the placement of light sources at the focal point of said reflective surfaces aids in optimizing the amount of light focused in a desired direction.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The instant invention may be considered to be in the field of lighting devices, specifically lamps of high intensity discharge and flourescent lamps, but not limited thereto. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Many industrial and commercial buildings have the burden of illuminating large areas from standard height as well as from higher than normal ceilings. One solution to this lighting application has been the use of high intensity discharge lamps. Mercury vapor, sodium and other high intensity discharge lamps in commercial applications may consume as much as 400 to 1000 watts, and generate an associated amount of heat, contributing to additional heating, ventilating and air conditioning (“HVAC”) operation and fire protection considerations. 
     These lamps also utilize a certain time duration to warm up and achieve full illumination capability, resulting in time periods with less than desired lighting coverage. Such high intensity discharge lamps are also relatively expensive costing several hundreds of dollars per lamp. 
     Lamp manufacturers are constantly looking for ways to maximize the amount of foot candles of illumination which can be generated for a fixed amount of power consumption or wattage. These objectives have resulted in the evolution of high intensity discharge lamps which bum metallic vapors to achieve high lumen output. 
     A fairly common discharge lamp with a reflective lamp is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,291,936 B, issued Sep. 18, 2001 to MacLennan et al. Summarizing, the MacLennan patent discloses a discharge lamp including an envelope, a source of excitation power coupled to the fill for excitation thereof and thereby emit light, a reflector disposed around the envelope and defining an opening, and a reflector configured to reflect some of the light emitted by the fill back into the fill while allowing some light to exit through the opening. This description is typical of a high intensity discharge lamp. The high pressure sodium lamp emits the brightest light while metal halide and mercury vapor lamps emit about the same amount of light. For a lamp in the 400 W range, for example, a ballast which acts as the excitation for the fill may typically consume 40 to 58 watts. 
     Flourescent lamps are also used in commercial applications, often in offices and warehouses where a plurality of flourescent tubes are positioned in front of a washboard-shaped, mirrored reflector. The purpose of the reflector is to reflect the light emitted upward back down toward the targeted illumination area. Flourescent lamps differ from high intensity discharge lamps in that the “strike” time (the time to excite the interior of the lamp) is short—almost immediate, where the high intensity discharge lamps must warm up to full illumination. Flourescent lamps also operate at a cooler temperatures than do high intensity discharge lamps. The same approach may be applied to retrofitting existing installations in the commercial office environment. 
     Flourescent lamps are also used in residential applications. A growing trend is the replacement of incandescent lamps with flourescent lamps to achieve not only brighter light, but also savings in power consumption. 
     Lamps like the Sylvania ICETRON™ lamp are touted as having a 100,000 hour lamp life, or roughly five times the life of a standard high intensity discharge lamp. Consequently, with such added lamp life, the amount of maintenance required to change lamps in order to maintain illumination is reduced by 80%. 
     When one examines the shortcomings attendant to the use of high intensity discharge lamps and the advantages of flourescent lamps, several observations result. By comparison, flourescent lamps provide crisp white light in comparison to high intensity discharge lamps which offer unpleasant color and distracting color shift. Flourescent lights may also be flexibly dimmed whereas high intensity discharge lights may not be operated below 50% output. 
     What is needed is a lamp which can illuminate a target area with the same amount of foot candles as a high intensity discharge lamp without consuming the same amount of energy, without requiring a warm-up period, and in operation generating less heat. 
     There exists a further need for high intensity discharge lamps which can illuminate a target area with the same amount of foot candles as a higher wattage, high intensity discharge lamp without consuming the same amount of energy. 
     Also, what is needed is a lamp which can illuminate a target area with the equivalent of foot candles as an incandescent lamp, but without consuming the same amount of energy. 
     Further, if the illuminating capability of a high intensity discharge lamp could be accomplished without the high capital cost associated with the purchase and operation of such lamps, the relative operating cost of illuminating industrial and commercial buildings would be reduced. The same can be said for the improvement of residential illumination as well. 
     If such a lamp as described immediately above were developed, the cost of retrofitting fixtures with such lamps would be paid for relatively quickly by the associated savings from reductions in energy consumption. 
     One area of the art that remains to be fully developed is the optimal use of reflective surfaces to assist in directing light which would normally travel away from the targeted illumination area. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention combines the advantages of compact flourescent light tubes with reflective technology aimed at retrofitting high intensity discharge lamps in industrial and commercial applications. Applicant&#39;s invention also combines the advantages of high intensity discharge, incandescent and other light sources with reflective technology aimed at retrofitting each type of lamp for industrial, commercial, and residential applications. 
     By using a combination of cooler operating flourescent tube lamps with concentrating reflective surfaces, an equivalent illumination result can be achieved at a reduction in energy consumption in the range of 40% to 74%. As a result of the much lower cost of a compact flourescent lamp, multiple lamps may be used in combination to generate the equivalent illumination of a target area as that of high intensity discharge lamps. 
     The present invention utilizes reflective surfaces in a variety of ways to increase the intensity of light delivered to the target illumination area. 
     First, the lamp glass may be manufactured having a reflective surface to reflect light which would normally emanate away from the target illumination area back toward the target area, thereby increasing the amount of light delivered to said target illumination area (“TIA”). 
     Second, a housing which is normally used for lamps such as a semi-conical or paraboloid-shaped high bay fixture, or a flat “washboard” type reflector may be retrofitted with a combination lamp and reflector which not only uses whatever reflective capability exists in the housing, but adds its own intensity focus factor to deliver light to the TIA, even delivering an equivalent amount of light at much less of a wattage rating (and therefor less power consumption) than the original lamp or lamps in the housing. 
     In a first embodiment of the present invention, a spiral fluorescent tube is combined with an interior spiral reflector and a single secondary paraboloid reflector. A third reflector such as a semi-conical or paraboloid shape can be utilized by positioning the floodlight fixture at the focal point of said reflector. Important in this case is the distance between the tubes themselves as well as between each tube and its associated reflectors. 
     The importance stems from the amount of space needed to allow the reflector to bounce light back past the tubes and toward the TIA, and also the space needed for dissipation of heat. Convection allows cool air to be drawn pass the fins and dissipating heat will protect the ballast. The compact fluorescent floodlight has a lens designed to precisely control the light from the reflector. It is covered with small, detailed shapes to direct the light into the desired beam pattern. The lens also acts as a cover to allow the lamp to act as its own fixture. 
     A second embodiment of applicant&#39;s invention employs an “implant” consisting of a spirally configured fluorescent or compact fluorescent lamp which is fitted with a reflective surface proximate to the interior portion of the lamp itself. This implant may be retrofitted into a conventional high-bay industrial fixture, thereby delivering an equivalent amount of light to the TIA with less wattage consumed. Each spiral lamp has proximate to it a primary reflector to re-direct light which might otherwise be “lost,” meaning not directed to the TIA, and as well, a secondary reflector which helps direct the light to a third reflector which finally directs the focused light to the TIA. 
     A third embodiment of applicants invention employs a high intensity discharge compact fluorescent lamp consisting of an array of “spirally” configured fluorescent lamps, each fitted with a reflective surface proximate to the interior portion of the lamp itself. This “HID” may be retrofitted into a conventional high-bay industrial fixture, thereby delivering an equivalent amount of light to the TIA with less wattage consumed. As in the case of the second embodiment, each spiral lamp has proximate to it a primary reflector to re-direct light which might otherwise be “lost”, meaning not directed to the TIA, and as well, a secondary reflector which helps direct the light to a third reflector which finally directs the focused light to the TIA. This triple reflective light fixture could be placed in a fourth semi-conical or paraboloid shape reflector and can be utilized by positioning the floodlight fixture at the focal point of said reflector to increase the foot candles at the TIA and reduce energy consumption. Fins allow cool air to be drawn in with dissipating heat can protect the ballast. The compact fluorescent floodlight has a lens designed to precisely control the light from the reflector. It is covered with small, detailed shapes to direct the light into the desired beam pattern, but could also be smooth. The lens also acts as a cover to allow the lamp to act as its own fixture. 
     In a fourth embodiment, a plurality of spiral lamps having primary reflectors is positioned inside a plurality of secondary reflectors. This array of lamps is then positioned inside a single third reflector having its own focusing characteristics, thereby further optimizing the delivery of light to the TIA. Consistent with applicant&#39;s approach, the array is positioned at the focal point of the third reflector. 
     In a fifth, or preferred embodiment, of the instant invention a light source is positioned at the focal point of a reflective surface which optimizes the amount of light which is directed to the TIA. In this embodiment, a small wattage fluorescent tube is placed inside a second tube having a partially reflective surface and in some cases, a partial lens. An all-in-one open “said” Reflector Lamp can also be used by placing a smaller lamp at the focal point of said reflector. The placement of the smaller fluorescent tube is determined by the focal point of the second outer tube, thereby dependant upon the diameter of the second outer tube. 
     In a sixth embodiment of the present invention, a U-shaped tube is positioned at the focal point of a reflective surface thereby optimizing the amount of light which is directed to the TIA. Also, in this embodiment, a small wattage fluorescent tube is placed inside another tube or concave, open reflector having a partially reflective surface. 
     In a seventh embodiment of the instant invention, a high intensity discharge lamp employs a light source at the focal point of a reflective surface again optimizing the amount of light which is directed to the TIA. In this embodiment, a small wattage HID “said invention” Reflector Lamp is placed at the focal point of an outer second reflective surface. The placement of the small light source is again determined by the focal point of the bulb. 
     In another embodiment, an incandescent lamp employs a light source at the focal point of a reflective surface which optimizes the amount of light which is directed to the TIA. In this embodiment, a small wattage incandescent “same said” Reflector Lamp is placed at the focal point of an outer second reflective surface. The placement of the small light source is determined by the focal point of the bulb. 
     As one can see, a variety of different shaped lamps can be positioned in the focal point of a reflective surface, even taking advantage of a reflective surface with multiple facets, thereby increasing the amount of light reflected toward the TIA. The placement of the light is typically determined by the focal point of the reflector, thereby dependant upon its diameter. The resultant light delivered to the TIA is consistent with the valves expressed in Tables A, B, and C The resultant light delivered to the TIA is consistent with the values expressed in Tables A, B and C. 
     Table A is a comparison of flourescent lamps having employing multiple reflections versus high intensity discharge and flourescent lights utilizing only a single reflector. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE A 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Present Embodiment Compared to Improved High Bay Apparatus 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Convert 
                 3 rd  Mirror 
                 2 nd  Mirror 
                 1 st  Mirror 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Initial 
                   
                 (ML) to 
                 Reflector 
                 Reflector 
                 Reflector 
                   
                   
                 Annual 
               
               
                 Lamp type 
                 Fix 
                 Maintained 
                 Foot 
                 ≈67% 
                 ≈67% 
                 ≈67% 
                 Energy 
                 Reduced 
                 Operating 
               
               
                 with 
                 Lumens 
                 Lumens 
                 Candles 
                 Increase 
                 Increase 
                 Increase 
                 Consumed 
                 Load 
                 Cost 
               
               
                 Ballast 
                 (IL) 
                 (ML) 
                 (FC) 
                 (FC) 
                 (FC) 
                 (FC) 
                 (Watts) 
                 (%) 
                 (40 hr/wk) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 High 
                 32000 
                 20,800 
                 1,655 
                 No 
                 No 
                 2,764 
                 458 
                 0 
                 $191.05 
               
               
                 Pressure 
               
               
                 Sodium 
               
               
                 Metal 
                 28,800 
                 17,280 
                 1,343 
                 No 
                 No 
                 2,242 
                 458 
                 0 
                 $191.05 
               
               
                 Halide 
               
               
                 Mercury 
                 26,667 
                 16,000 
                 1,273 
                 No 
                 No 
                 2,126 
                 458 
                 0 
                 $191.05 
               
               
                 Vapor 
               
               
                 6 × T8 
                 18,000 
                 17,100 
                 1,361 
                 No 
                 No 
                 2,273 
                 224 
                 51.1% 
                 $93.44 
               
               
                 4′ Tube 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 Compact 
                 7,263 
                 6,900 
                 549 
                 No 
                 No 
                 917 
                 105 
                 77.1% 
                 $43.80 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 4 × T5 
                 20,000 
                 19,000 
                 1,512 
                 No 
                 No 
                 2,525 
                 234 
                 48.9% 
                 $97.81 
               
               
                 4′ Tube 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 Compact 
                 13,126 
                 12,470 
                 992 
                 No 
                 2,767 
                 1,657 
                 191 
                 58.3% 
                 $79.67 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 4 × 30 
                 7,895 
                 7,500 
                 597 
                 2,781 
                 1,665 
                 997 
                 120 
                 73.8% 
                 $50.06 
               
               
                 Implant 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Table B is a similar comparison of residential or commercial lamps versus the same lamps utilizing reflectors. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE B 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparison of Present Embodiment to Improved Lighting Apparatus 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Convert 
                 3 rd  Mirror 
                 2 nd  Mirror 
                 1 st  Mirror 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Initial 
                   
                 (ML) to 
                 Reflector 
                 Reflector 
                 Reflector 
                   
                   
                 Annual 
               
               
                   
                 Fix 
                 Maintained 
                 Foot 
                 ≈67% 
                 ≈67% 
                 ≈67% 
                 Energy 
                 Reduced 
                 Operating 
               
               
                   
                 Lumens 
                 Lumens 
                 Candles 
                 Increase 
                 Increase 
                 Increase 
                 Consumed 
                 Load 
                 Cost 
               
               
                 Lamp type 
                 (IL) 
                 (ML) 
                 (FC) 
                 (FC) 
                 (FC) 
                 (FC) 
                 (Watts) 
                 (%) 
                 (40 hr/wk) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4′ × T5 
                 5,000 
                 4,750 
                 378 
                 No 
                 No 
                 No 
                 54 
                 0 
                 $22.53 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 4′ × T5 
                 3,000 
                 2,850 
                 227 
                 No 
                 No 
                 378 
                 32 
                 41% 
                 $13.35 
               
               
                 Improved 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 4′ × T8 
                 3,000 
                 2,850 
                 227 
                 No 
                 No 
                 No 
                 32 
                 0 
                 $13.35 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 4′ × T8 
                 1,786 
                 1,707 
                 136 
                 No 
                 No 
                 227 
                 19 
                 41% 
                 $7.99 
               
               
                 Improved 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 Compact 
                 3,684 
                 3,500 
                 279 
                 No 
                 No 
                 No 
                 55 
                 0 
                 $22.94 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 Improved 
                 2,206 
                 2,096 
                 167 
                 No 
                 No 
                 279 
                 33 
                 40% 
                 $13.73 
               
               
                 Compact 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 Compact 
                 3,684 
                 3,500 
                 279 
                 No 
                 No 
                 466 
                 55 
                 0 
                 $22.94 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 Flood 
               
               
                 Improved 
                 2,206 
                 2,096 
                 167 
                 No 
                 466 
                 279 
                 33 
                 40% 
                 $13.73 
               
               
                 Compact 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 Flood 
               
               
                 Improved 
                 1,321 
                 1,255 
                 100 
                 466 
                 279 
                 167 
                 20 
                 64% 
                 $8.24 
               
               
                 Compact 
               
               
                 Fluorescent 
               
               
                 Flood 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Table C is a similar comparison of high intensity discharge lamps and an incandescent lamp employing at least primary and secondary reflectors verses the same lamp technology employing only a single reflector. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE C 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparison of Present Embodiment to Improved Lighting Apparatus 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Convert 
                 3 rd  Mirror 
                 2 nd  Mirror 
                 1 st  Mirror 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Initial 
                   
                 (ML) to 
                 Reflector 
                 Reflector 
                 Reflector 
                   
                   
                 Annual 
               
               
                 Lamp type 
                 Fix 
                 Maintained 
                 Foot 
                 ≈67% 
                 ≈67% 
                 ≈67% 
                 Energy 
                 Reduced 
                 Operating 
               
               
                 with 
                 Lumens 
                 Lumens 
                 Candles 
                 Increase 
                 Increase 
                 Increase 
                 Consumed 
                 Load 
                 Cost 
               
               
                 Ballast 
                 (IL) 
                 (ML) 
                 (FC) 
                 (FC) 
                 (FC) 
                 (FC) 
                 (Watts) 
                 (%) 
                 (40 hr/wk) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 High 
                 32000 
                 20,800 
                 1,655 
                 No 
                 No 
                 2,764 
                 458 
                 0 
                 $191.05 
               
               
                 Pressure 
               
               
                 Sodium 
               
               
                 Metal 
                 28,800 
                 17,280 
                 1,343 
                 No 
                 No 
                 2,242 
                 458 
                 0 
                 $191.05 
               
               
                 Halide 
               
               
                 Mercury 
                 26,667 
                 16,000 
                 1,273 
                 No 
                 No 
                 2,126 
                 458 
                 0 
                 $191.05 
               
               
                 Vapor 
               
               
                 High 
                 19,000 
                 12,350 
                 983 
                 No 
                 2,742 
                 1,642 
                 175 
                 56% 
                 $73.00 
               
               
                 Pressure 
               
               
                 Sodium 
               
               
                 Metal 
                 18,133 
                 10,858 
                 864 
                 No 
                 2,410 
                 1,443 
                 200 
                 50% 
                 $83.43 
               
               
                 Halide 
               
               
                 Mercury 
                 19,194 
                 11,494 
                 915 
                 No 
                 2,553 
                 1,529 
                 225 
                 44% 
                 $93.86 
               
               
                 Vapor 
               
               
                 General 
                 1,200 
                 → 
                 96 
                 No 
                 No 
                 160 
                 100 
                 0 
                 $41.71 
               
               
                 Purpose 
               
               
                 Lamps 
               
               
                 Incandescent 
               
               
                 Improved 
                 719 
                 → 
                 58 
                 No 
                   160 
                 96 
                  60 
                 40% 
                 $25.03 
               
               
                 General 
               
               
                 Purpose 
               
               
                 Lamps 
               
               
                 Incandescent 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The focal point is determined using the formulas developed to describe light reflected from a concave mirror. The equation may be expressed as f=R/2, where R is the radius of the mirror (in the case of the preferred embodiment, the outer tube) and f is the focal length, or distance from the mirror where the light source should be placed for optimal reflection. 
     Graph 1 shown in  FIG. 16  illustrates how the various types of lamps; i.e., flourescent, halogen, mercury vapor and high pressure sodium compare with one another. As can be seen from the table, the flourescent bulb has a higher color rendition index, or “CRI” than other lamp media utilizing the same wattage rating of power consumption. 
     Graph 2 shown in  FIG. 17  shows the asymptotic relationship between an object&#39;s distance from the focal point of a reflector and the associated magnification. 
     Summarizing, the embodiments shown herein comprise seven examples of applicant&#39;s invention: 
     First, a compact or fluorescent lamp such as that already available on the open market, be it spiral, U-shaped, or other configuration, is fitted with a conical (or a variety of other shapes such as concave, or a flat washboard) reflector proximate to the exterior of the lamp glass itself The purpose of the reflector is to redirect light toward the TIA which would normally scatter in all directions. This Reflector Lamp combination may also be used in conjunction with a single secondary reflector in a combination akin to what is commonly referred to as a floodlamp. Type apparatus, the positioning of the lamp or lamps in said secondary reflectors proximate to the focal points thereof. 
     Second, an embodiment comprising a plurality of spiral fluorescent or compact fluorescent lamps each having a primary reflector is positioned inside a secondary reflector at the focal point forming an array. In this embodiment, a third reflector is employed at the focal point to provide additional direction or focusing of light toward the TIA. 
     The third embodiment utilizes a small fluorescent tube of low wattage place proximate to the focal point of a larger tube having, in the preferred embodiment, a reflective hemisphere acting as a primary reflector. In this configuration, light may be directed with substantial increased intensity to the TIA, and when used with a secondary reflector, may provide even more intensity to the TIA. 
     The fourth embodiment utilizes the amount of space needed for reflector and tubes to allow cool air to flow pass the space between reflector and tubes as heat dissipates. Fin spacing allows cool air to pass the fins thereby dissipating heat. Over heating will deteriorate lamp life of the fluorescent ballast. 
     A fifth embodiment of applicants invention comprises, the compact fluorescent floodlight with a lens designed to precisely control the light emanating from the reflector. Although it could be smooth, it is covered with small, detailed shapes to direct the light into the desired beam pattern. The lens also acts as a cover to allow the lamp to act as its own fixture. 
     A sixth embodiment of applicants invention comprises, high-intensity discharge lamps (high pressure sodium one of the most efficient HID sources available today. These lamps are used for general lighting applications where high efficiency and long life are desired while color rendering is not critical. Typical applications include street lighting, industrial hi-bay, parking lot lighting, building floodlighting and general area lighting) with a light emitting source at the focal point of a reflective surface which optimizes the amount of light directed to the TIA. The placement of the small light emitting source is determined to be at the focal point of the reflective hemisphere of the outer tube, thereby being determined by said outer tubes diameter. 
     A seventh embodiment of applicants invention comprises, incandescent lamps with a light emitting source at the focal point of a reflective surface which optimizes the amount of light directed to the TIA. The placement of the small light emitting source is determined to be at the focal point of the reflective hemisphere of the outer tube, thereby being determined by said outer tubes diameter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a side view of the first embodiment showing a spiral compact fluorescent tube at the focal point of a primary reflector proximate thereto and positioned at the focal point of a secondary reflector, in a configuration commonly referred to as a “floodlight;” 
         FIG. 2  is a side view of the second embodiment of applicant&#39;s invention, disclosing a plurality of spiral fluorescent tubes having primary reflectors positioned as an array and having also secondary reflectors, said array positioned in a third reflector each at its focal point; 
         FIG. 3  is a side view of the aforementioned “implant”, which may be utilized with a variety of light sources such as the spiral fluorescent tube with primary reflector and beyond, and which may be used to retrofit existing high bay fixtures; 
         FIG. 4  is a top view of the invention of  FIG. 3 , further showing the orientation of secondary and third reflectors; 
         FIG. 5  is a top view of the secondary reflector of the invention disclosed in  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a side view of the fifth embodiment of applicant&#39;s invention, disclosing a smaller fluorescent tube proximate to the focal point of a larger cylindrical enclosure having a reflective hemisphere and manufactured as one piece; 
         FIG. 6A  is a side view of the lighting apparatus of  FIG. 6  having a tubular housing of a circular shape. 
         FIG. 6B  is a side view of the lighting apparatus of  FIG. 6  having a tubular housing of a U-shape. 
         FIG. 7  is a side view of the aforementioned spiral compact fluorescent or fluorescent lamp, disclosing a smaller fluorescent spiral tube proximate to the focal point of a larger concave spiral reflector; 
         FIG. 8  is a side view of the aforementioned “HID” compact fluorescent lamp with an array of spiral fluorescent tubes with primary, secondary and third reflectors in a configuration commonly referred to as a “floodlight;” 
         FIG. 9  is a side view of the invention, disclosing a smaller U-shaped fluorescent tube proximate to the focal point of an enclosed partially reflective tube or concave open reflector; 
         FIG. 10  is a side view of the invention, disclosing the HID high pressure sodium lamp with part of the glass envelope having reflective surface; 
         FIG. 11  is a side view of the invention, disclosing an incandescent lamp with part of the glass bulb as a reflective surface; 
         FIG. 12  is a side view of the aforementioned “reflector”, disclosing a concave reflector; 
         FIG. 13  is a side view of the aforementioned “reflector”, disclosing a W-Shape reflector; 
         FIG. 14  is a side view of the aforementioned “reflector”, disclosing a wash board reflector; and 
         FIG. 15  is a side view of the aforementioned “reflector”, disclosing a wash board shaped reflector. 
         FIG. 16  is a graph showing the appearance of color under different types of light. 
         FIG. 17  is a graph showing the relationship between an object and magnification. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     As seen in  FIG. 1 , a flood light  10  comprises a spiral compact fluorescent lamp  20  around which a primary reflector  30  is positioned. A first bonding means, such as glue or other adhesive or mechanical means is employed to fix lamp  20  and primary reflector  30  in a predetermined position. Lamp  20  is constructed in accordance with typical fluorescent lamps, comprising phosphor coating is applied to the inside of the tube with hot cathodes at each end of lamp. Air is exhausted through the exhaust tube during manufacture and an inert gas is introduced into the bulb. A minute quantity of liquid mercury with gas, the gas is usually argon. The stem press has lead-in-wires connecting the base pins and carry the current to and from the cathodes and the mercury arc. Reflector  30  may be fashioned from a variety of materials including but not limited to chrome-plated glass, chrome-plated metal, polished or painted aluminum plate, painted glass, and painted plastic with a variety of reflective coatings. When utilizing molded metal for reflector  30 , “mirro  4 ”, “mirro  27 ” or white reflective aluminum may be selected. Commonly configured, a ballast housing  40 , contains a ballast of either electrical or magnetic type, said ballast having a connecting means for electrical connection to lamp  20  and screw plug  50 . A second bonding mean is necessary to attach housing  40  to lamp  20 . While a bonding means is specified, other means, mechanical or otherwise, may be employed. In addition, ballast housing  40  and screw plug  50  could be fashioned as one unit rather than as separate structures, said unit having either glass, plastic, ceramic or other typical construction known in the art. The area of ballast housing  40  through screw plug  50  is typically fashioned from brass. A secondary reflector  60  in combination with a lens  70  encloses the lighting apparatus. Lens  70  can be made of glass or plastic. Fins  80  are provided on ballast housing  40  to assist in the dissipation of heat. 
     Secondary reflector  60 , in the preferred embodiment, is of paraboloid shape, with its inner surface having a reflective coating  90  said reflector may be fashioned typically from glass, plastic, or metal. 
       FIG. 2  discloses an embodiment  100  of applicant&#39;s invention which is primarily employed as a retrofit of existing high bay fixtures. The common housing  110  provides a dual function as a support for a frame  120 , said frame fashioned to hold an array  122  of fluorescent lamps  124  having primary reflectors  126 . Array  122  further comprises a secondary reflector  128  commonly of assembled sections. Assembled sections are put into third reflector  161 . Electrical connections  130 , to which electrical wires  131  are attached, are positioned below frame  120  and are fed through a platform  132  and through a transition piece  134 , to a fastening means  136 . Fastening means  136  fixes secondary housing  140  and therefore housing  110 , to a ballast housing  150 . Commonly known and appropriately rated ballasts  137  are contained within ballast housing  150 , through which the electrical wires  131  again pass. These electrical wires may be hard wired to a lighting circuit. 
     When utilizing embodiment number two for retrofitting a typical high bay fixture such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,068,388 (See sheet 1 of 6), the capacitor and igniter in part  12  are replaced with a ballast. The wiring is kept along with the structure there above. The core and coil which is housed in the space adjacent to part  12  is removed. Part  12  may be then fastened to secondary housing  18 , each of which can be utilized in addition to reflector  21 . All other numbered parts are replaced by those items listed above and below and shown in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 . 
     A typical high bay fixture can be retrofitted, the capacitor and igniter are replaced with an appropriate capacitor and inginter for a lower wattage high pressure sodium, metal halide, or mercury vapor lamps. The wiring is kept along with the structure thereabove. The core and coil which is housed in the space adjacent to part  12  shown above in U.S. Pat. No. 6,068,388 is replaced with the appropriate core and coil for the lower wattage lamp. All other numbered parts are replaced by those items listed below as shown in  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 3  discloses “implant”  160 , described above, provided also with a third reflective mirror-like surface  161 . The third reflector could be used as a secondary reflector  161  in cases were existing technology lamps are used. The implant may be set into an existing high bay enclosure for retrofitting. The height of the implants third reflector depends on condition of reflector  110 . Light sockets  162  are provided to accept lamps or other light sources as previously described, and are typically of ceramic construction. As seen in  FIG. 4 , access holes  163  are provided in reflector  161 , allowing for the installation of light source  122 , also facilitating the passage of air through holes  163 . 
       FIG. 5  further discloses secondary reflector  128 , and tabs  129 , used to fasten the reflector to reflector  161  of  FIG. 4 , typically by rivets or equivalent means. Folded metal slips  123  slip reflectors  128  together. 
       FIG. 6  shows what appears on the surface to be a standard fluorescent tube. However,  FIG. 6  depicts a lighting apparatus  200 , which comprises a first fluorescent tube  210 . First fluorescent tube may include a bulb  255  with Phosphor coating inside the bulb  255 . Cathodes  265  at each end of lamp are coated with emissive materials which emit electrons. Air is exhausted through a tube  270  during manufacture and a minute quantity of liquid mercury  205  is place in the bulb to furnish mercury vapor. Gas  215 , usually comprises Argon or a mixture of inert gases at low pressure, but Krypton is sometimes used. Stem Press  225  includes lead-in wires that have an air tight seal here and are made of specific wire to assure about the same coefficient of expansion as the glass. Lead-in wires  235  connect to the base pins and carry the current to and from the cathodes and the mercury arc. The first fluorescent tube  210  housed in a larger cylindrical housing  220 . Housing  220  is usually a straight glass tube, but may also be circular or U-shaped, and may be made of plastic, glass or other suitable material. Housing  220  has a reflective hemisphere  230 , at the focal point of which is located tube  210 , serving as a primary reflector. Several different types of base  240  used to connect the lamp to the electric circuit and to support the lamp in the lamp holder serve to position tube  210  in proper position in housing  220 , and further provide penetrations whereby pins  250  may be in electrical contact with the circuitry  260  of tube  210 . Of course, the primary reflective surface of hemisphere  230  is provided on the inside or outside of housing  220 , which provides reflective capability for light emitted from tube  210 . Lens  245  may be smooth, but could be designed to precisely control the light from the reflector. It is covered with small, detailed shapes to direct the light into the desired beam pattern. The lens also acts as a cover to allow the lamp to act as it own fixture. A common material for lens  245  can be glass or plastic or other suitable materials. Reflector  230  could also not be enclosed to save on material costs. 
     Lighting apparatus  200  depicted in  FIG. 6  may be manufactured as one unit or the different elements of lighting apparatus  200  may be used separately with an adapter, The benefit of these separate elements is that standard “T 5 ” units or equivalent fluorescent lamps can be replaced, but the other parts will continually last and not need replacement. 
     For example, base  240  and pins  250  may be in electrical contact with the circuitry of a tombstone. The tombstone positioned at the focal point of the base hemisphere  240  can hold the smaller pins used in T 5  fluorescent lamps. Several different types of lamp pins maybe used to connect lamp  210  and the tombstone. Common materials for the adaptor tombstone, pins, and connectors could be metal, ceramic, plastic, or the equivalent. 
     Housing  220  of  FIG. 6  may be provided in a number of suitable configurations, including a larger cylindrical housing. Housing  220  has a reflective hemisphere  230  with lens cover  245 . Some common materials that could be used for housing  220  may be glass or plastic, or other suitable materials commonly employed in the art. 
     The fluorescent tube may also be combined with bases  240 , pins  250 , and fluorescent tube  210  as one unit. 
     Additionally or alternatively, lighting apparatus  200  may include enclosure caps and end caps with slots to hold pins  250  in place. Lighting apparatus  200  may also be employed in a secondary reflector, such as a wash board type reflective housing, thereby giving additional reflective assistance in delivering light to a target illumination area. 
     In lighting apparatus  200  depicted in  FIG. 6  and disclosed hereinabove, standard type electrical connections including ballasts, sockets, and standard wiring are employed. Applicant&#39;s invention focuses primarily on the reflective aspects of providing additional light to a TIA, resulting in more lighting where desired with conservation of energy. 
       FIGS. 6A and 6B  depict the housing  220  shown in  FIG. 6  in circular and U-shapes, respectively, as discussed above. 
       FIG. 7  discloses spiral compact fluorescent (or fluorescent lamp)  170  comprising a spiral compact fluorescent lamp  184  around which a primary reflector  176  is positioned. A first bonding means, such as glue or other adhesive or mechanical means is employ to fix lamp  184  and primary reflector  176  in a predetermined position. Ballast housing  181  for compact fluorescent lamp (or no ballast housing  181  for fluorescent lamp without ballast). In addition, housing  181  and screw plug  185  could be fashioned as one unit rather than as separate structures. Also air space  171 , as heat dissipates cool air is drawn into space  171  cooling housing  181  and reflector  176 . 
       FIG. 8  discloses the “HID” fluorescent lamp  191 , of applicant&#39;s invention which is primarily employed as a retrofit of existing high bay fixtures. HID florescent lamp  191  holds an array  192  of fluorescent lamps  193  having primary reflectors  194 . The array  192  further comprises a secondary reflector  195  commonly of assembled sections or one molded piece slips into a third reflective mirror-like surface  196  which is coated with a reflective material. The paraboloid shape housing  197  is made up of material like glass or plastic or other suitable equivalents. A variety of reflective materials may be used for reflectors  194 ,  195 , and  196  including but not limited to chrome-plated glass, chrome-plated metal, polished or painted aluminum plate, painted glass, and plastic painted with a variety of reflective coatings. When utilizing molded metal for reflectors  194 ,  195 , and  196  “mirro  4 ”, “mirro  27 ” or white reflective aluminum may be selected. A first bonding means, such as glue or other adhesive or mechanical means is employed to fix lamp array  192  and primary reflector array  186  in a predetermined position relative to secondary  195  and third  196  reflectors housing. Commonly configured, a ballast housing  198 , contains a ballast of either electrical or magnetic type, said ballast having a connecting means for electrical connection with lamp  193  and screw plug  189 . A second bonding means is necessary to attach housing  198  to housing  197 . Fins  199  are provided on ballast housing  198  to assist in dissipation of heat. A smooth lens  188  or a lens  188  designed to precisely control the light from the reflector is provided. Lens  188  covered with small, detailed shapes to direct the light into the desired beam pattern. The lens also acts as a cover to allow the lamp to act as its own fixture. 
       FIG. 9  shows a U-shaped fluorescent lamp  221  with tube  222  in a predetermined positioned of reflective surface  223 . Tube  222  and reflector  223  are bonded to base  224  by glue or other mechanical means. Pin  225  and base  224  can be manufactured as one unit or as separate pieces. Many types of base  224  are used on the open market. 
       FIG. 10  discloses a high pressure sodium Lamp (“HPS”)  300  comprising a glass envelope  310  having a substantially concave reflective surface  320 . An arc tube  340 , with hermetic end seal  360 , typically an alumina arc tube or equivalent, is located proximate to the focal point of reflector  320  via a frame  330 , usually steel. A residue gas repository  380  is positioned in lamp  300  on a base  390 , where it is affixed in its location, and serves to support frame  330 . Brass base  390  secures lamp  300  to a suitable light fixture and connects the light fixture&#39;s electric circuitry to the lamp. This lamp is made up of glass, metals, or other suitable materials commonly employed in the art. 
       FIG. 11  shows an incandescent lamp  405  comprising a soft glass envelope  415 . Filament  425 , generally tungsten is electrically connected by wires  430  to a glass stem press  440 . Wires  430  are made typically of nickel-plated copper or nickel from stem press  440  to filament  425 . Tie wires  445  support wires  435  in the largest envelope area. Wires  430  pass through stem press  440 , and an air evacuation tube  450  toward a base  455 . In this stem press area, wires  430  transition from nickel-plated copper or nickel to a nickel-iron alloy core and a copper sleeve (Dumet wire). In this area, there exists an air tight seal at the termination of tube  450 , said wires material change made to assure about the same coefficient of expansion of the wires as the glass, and air exhaust tube  450 . Base  455  is made of brass or aluminum. A fuse  460  protects the lamp and circuit if filament  425  arcs. A heat deflector  465  is used in higher wattage general service lamps and other types when needed to reduce circulation of hot gases into neck of bulb. 
     Glass button rod  470  projects from stem press  440  and supports button  475 . Button  475  has affixed thereto support wires  480  and  485 . Gas  490  a mixture of nitrogen and argon is used in most lamps  40  watts and over to retard evaporation of the filament  425 . A coating is applied to glass envelope  415 , creating a substantially sphere-shaped reflective surface  495 . Filament  425  is located proximate to the focal point of surface  495 . The lamp is made of material like glass or plastic or other suitable equivalents. 
       FIG. 12 , discloses reflector  500 , a,concave reflector  501 , made of a variety of reflective materials including but not limited to chrome-plated glass, chrome-plated metal, polished or painted aluminum plate, painted glass, and plastic painted with a variety of reflective coatings. When utilizing molded metal for reflector  500  “mirro  4 ”, “mirro  27 ” or white reflective aluminum may be selected or other suitable equivalents. 
       FIG. 13 , discloses reflector  510 , a W-shape reflector  511 , again fashioned from a variety of reflective materials as mentioned in  FIG. 12 . 
       FIG. 14 , discloses reflector  520 , and a wash board shape reflector  521 , again made from a variety of reflective materials as mentioned in  FIG. 12 . 
       FIG. 15 , discloses reflector  530 , and a wash board shape reflector  531 , both made from a variety of reflective materials as mentioned in  FIG. 12 . 
     In all embodiments disclosed hereinabove, standard type electrical connections including ballasts, sockets, and standard wiring are employed. Applicant&#39;s invention focuses primarily on the reflective aspects of providing additional light to a target illumination area, resulting in more lighting where desired with conservation of energy. 
     While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered the most practical and preferred embodiment(s), it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment(s) but, on the contrary is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims.