Abstract:
A calibration arrangement for breathalyzers wherein a heightened degree of control and management is applied. Broadly contemplated are arrangements whereby jars or containers of new solution to be used in the calibration arrangement are subject to automatic verification. Also contemplated is the close monitoring of the running of calibration tests and safeguards to ensure that extensively used or old solution is not put into use.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/765,631, filed on Feb. 6, 2006, and which is fully incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to alcohol detection equipment, such as in the context of breath testing in DUI enforcement. Particularly, the present invention relates to the calibration of breath testing equipment. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Breath testing equipment, or “breathalyzers”, are very widely known. Air from an individual is typically passed through a breathalyzer to determine the percentage alcohol content. However, problems have long been presented in terms of the accuracy of such equipment, meaning that proper calibration is extremely vital. In the absence of properly calibrated breathalyzer equipment, the validity and reliability of any associated breath tests will come into question and may present difficulties in terms of adequately “making a case” in a court of law 
     This is where calibration arrangements, often known as “simulators”, play a role. These arrangements will accommodate a given breathalyzer for testing, and a sample will normally be used that is not from human breath. For the latter purpose, a solution with a known alcohol concentration is typically used. 
     Calibration arrangements have been developed over the years, but still tend not to be as reliable as might be desired in many settings. For instance, a perennial problem is encountered in connection with the re-use of a single jar or container of alcohol solution; since the alcohol percentage in the solution will change over time, it eventually becomes unreliable. Accordingly, a need has been recognized in connection with providing an even more reliable calibration arrangement for breath testing equipment than has hitherto been the norm. 
     The present invention puts some controls on the calibrations (or simulations). Think of the solution in the calibrator (or simulator) as the reference standard to which all other breathalyzers are compared; if your standard if off, so is everything else. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Broadly contemplated herein, in accordance with at least one presently preferred embodiment of the present invention, is a calibration arrangement for breathalyzers wherein a heightened degree of control and management is applied. 
     In summary, one aspect of the invention provides an apparatus for calibrating breath analyzing equipment, the apparatus comprising: an operator interface which apprises an operator of at least one condition of the apparatus; a data input arrangement which accepts data regarding at least one of: the operator and a solution for simulating alcoholized breath; a receiving portion which is adapted to receive new solution for simulating alcoholized breath; and an arrangement for preventing usage of solution beyond at least one predetermined threshold parameter. 
     Furthermore, an additional aspect of the invention provides a method of calibrating breath analyzing equipment, the method comprising the steps of: apprising an operator of at least one condition; accepting data regarding at least one of: the operator and a solution for simulating alcoholized breath; receiving new solution for simulating alcoholized breath; and preventing usage of solution beyond at least one predetermined threshold parameter. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a first elevational view of a breath detection apparatus. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a second elevational view of a breath detection apparatus. 
         FIG. 3  provides a sample datalogger report. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIGS. 1 and 2  respectively illustrate first and second elevational views, orthogonally distinct from one another, of a calibration apparatus in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In the discussion herebelow, reference may be made to both figures simultaneously. 
     The calibration apparatus (alternatively termed a “simulator” or “unit” herein) includes a top portion  10 , rear portion  12  and front portion  11 . At the front portion  11 , edges  16  and  17 , as shown, preferably define an angled portion which accommodates a GUI (or graphical user interface) touch screen display  1 . (Other corners and edges such as that indicated at  18  are preferably rounded as shown.) In terms of basic functional components, a power switch  2  is configured for activating the unit while a pump switch  3  is configured for receiving an input of air from a non-human sample. A power inlet  13  may be provided at rear portion  12 , along with a heated tube plug-in  14 . 
     The “left” side of the unit (with respect to display  1 ) includes a top portion  5 , left and right portions  7  and  6  (respectively) and bottom portions  8  and  9  (respectively). Portions  7 / 8  and  6 / 9 , as shown, are preferably configured to flank a space sufficient for accommodating a solution container (e.g., and most preferably, a 500 ml glass jar or container)  4 , while top portion  5  provides sufficient clearance therefor. A threaded connection or collar  15  on the unit is preferably provided for securely accommodating jar or container  4 . Though normally this jar/container  4  will serve as a receptacle for solution that is introduced from above, it should be appreciated that the connection/collar  15  will ensure that it can be removed, as needed, for replacement, or simply for “dumping” out old solution. 
     The unit preferably further includes a vapor output tube  20  which, e.g., may extend from a “right” side of the unit. Atop the unit, as shown, there are also preferably provided an air-in tube  24  and, optionally, a thermometer  23  (such as an NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology] approved thermometer). Tubes  20  and  24 , and thermometer  23 , preferably function in similar manner to known calibration units and thus will not be discussed in significant detail herein; essentially incoming air is exposed to solution in jar/container  4 , and outgoing “vapor”, simulating human breath, will proceed to a breathalyzer that is being calibrated. 
     For the purposes of scanning in various types of information (as discussed below), such as from barcodes, essentially any suitable input arrangement can be provided. For example, a conventional barcode scanning reader, as indicated at  30  (albeit not to scale), may be provided. (Alternatives to an integral barcode reader are of course possible, such as a “pen” barcode reader or even a magnetic stripe reader. 
     The functioning of a unit as just described will now be better appreciated from the discussion below, as will components that have not yet been specifically mentioned. 
     Preferably, a unit in accordance with the present invention will offer at least two operating choices, “systems on” and “run”. Thus, on/off switch  2  will power up the unit to enable access to menu options and add or change solution (as described below). On the other hand, the pump switch  3  will put the unit in full operating mode, as will be appreciated below. 
     Preferably, in “systems on”, the operator will be prompted to provide or scan in a “tech ID” (e.g., from a barcode on a card or badge). This will draw on operation information contained in a database or other data storage (such as in a datalogger internal to the unit), and operator information will be displayed on screen  1 , as well as be recorded for a “report” (see further below). “Test counter” and “day counter” records will then be consulted to determine if the corresponding counters have exceeded predetermined values set for the solution within the unit (i.e., within jar/container  4 ). In other words, if a given solution (in container  4 ) has been used for at least one “too many” tests or at least one “too many” days, the “run” mode will be disabled and the operator will be prompted (e.g. via a message on screen  1 ) to change the alcohol solution. 
     At that point (assuming a new container is needed), the operator will preferably be prompted to scan—e.g., via a conventional reader  30  at right side  21 —both the “tech ID” and an identifier for the new container (such as a barcode on the container), whereupon the following will now preferably be displayed on screen  1  and recorded: complete “tech ID” information and the date that the solution was scanned. Once the alcohol solution has been changed (per below), the “test counter” and “day counter” parameters will revert to zero. 
     Preferably, once the bar code or other identifier of the solution has been scanned, a provision will ensure that the same container cannot be scanned in again. If the same container is scanned twice, preferably it will be displayed and recorded that the container has already been scanned and that the solution involved may not be used again. Then, “run” mode preferably will not be enabled until an acceptable “tech ID” and new solution bar code or identifier have been received or scanned. 
     It should be understood that if, during this scanning process, the upper limits for “test counter” and “day counter” have not been exceeded, then there is no need to scan in a new bottle or container before performing a calibration test. Solution container  4  will thus already contain solution that can be used. 
     As such, solution container  4 , as shown, is preferably a “receptacle” for holding existing solution or accepting new solution. After solution contained therein has exceeded its useful life (e.g., with the “test counter” and/or “day counter” parameters being exceeded), the solution is preferably drained in preparation for the introduction of new solution, as discussed below 
     Indicated at  45  in  FIG. 1  is a region where a fresh solution jar or container. can be introduced, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, region  45  will be embodied by a depression or recession, e.g. of generally circular cross-sectional shape, for accepting an overturned solution jar or container. Preferably protruding from region  45  is a male inlet port  47  for accepting fresh solution. 
     As such, inlet port  47  could initially be protected by a sealing cap or other suitable protection arrangement. A new jar/container of fresh solution, if needed, and after having been “scanned in” as described above, will itself preferably contain a female port, e.g., initially sealed off w/a pierceable membrane or cap. By inverting the new jar/container onto the inlet port  47 , a fluid connection will thus initiate between the new jar/container and inlet port  47 . Though not shown, a suitable internal fluid conduit will then preferably direct this new solution downwards into jar/container  4 , now acting as a “receptacle”. (It should be clearly understood that ahead of time the jar/container  4  will have been drained or emptied, e.g., by removing the jar and dumping out the contents or via a drain valve or the like at the bottom of jar/container  4 .) 
     Preferably also included is a data coupling  49 , configured for integrating with a mating data port on the new jar/container, for receiving information from the jar/container such as: the solution&#39;s manufacturing date, its expiration date, alcohol concentration, lot number, lot volume, bottle number from the lot, and a laboratory that may have approved the solution. A unique identifier such as an overall “bottle number” (as opposed to a bottle number from a lot) could also be included in this information. This might help ensure that only “authorized” bottles are being used. Preferably, the mating data port on the jar/container being introduced will be in communication with a RFID tag or the like on (or associated with) the jar/container, on which the aforementioned information is stored and from which can then progress through to the coupling  49 . As one example, an RFID tag can be attached to or at a cap portion of the “incoming” jar/container. Such an arrangement is available from Colder Products, Inc., of St. Paul, Minn. Of course, this is but one example of an arrangement via which information regarding a jar/container of solution can be made available to a simulator. As such, such information could conceivably—alternatively or in addition—be availed through barcode reader  30  or analogous device (e.g., a magnetic stripe reader which reads a magnetic stripe on the incoming jar/container or on a card associated with the incoming jar/container). 
     With the jar/container  4  newly filled, the operator can replace a sealing cap (if any) on inlet port  47 . The “run” mode may now be initiated. 
     It should be understood, again, that a test may be immediately run, and many of the above steps bypassed, if the solution in jar/container  4  is not yet “old” and thus does not need to be dumped. However, a suitable sensor will preferably be configured for detecting when the jar/container  4  is indeed removed from connector  15  (ostensibly for dumping). Preferably, to ensure the functionality and accuracy of the device, if jar/container  4  is removed for any reason between solution changes, the operator will dump the entire solution. The sensor, in this case, would thus preferably relay a prompt to produce a message on screen  1  (or through some other means) to the effect that the solution must be dumped, whereby “run” mode will be temporarily disabled. 
     Among the standard components preferably extending into jar/container  4  are an agitator  32 , temperature sensor  34 , heater  36  and liquid sensor  38 . These all preferably function in a manner well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and thus will not be further described herein. These four components ( 32 / 34 / 36 / 38 ) are preferably disabled whenever “run” mode is deactivated or disabled. 
     The “test counter” described hereabove may be embodied by essentially any suitable means, including an internal flow meter which is configured for counting the number of tests run, until new solution is introduced. Optionally, there may be an internal air input pump whereby the “test counter” would sense voltage and thus make a count based on an air pump trigger. If “too many” tests have been run, an operator prompt will preferably be provided as discussed heretofore. 
     The “day counter” described hereabove will preferably be configured to disable “run” mode, and thus components  32 / 34 / 36 / 38 , after a predetermined number of days (such as 45), while providing an operator prompt as discussed heretofore. 
     In accordance with a variant refinement of the present invention, the operator could be queried (e.g. via screen  1 ) as to whether he/she wants to scan his/her “tech ID” at those times when a test is being run but solution is not being changed. Via a touch screen or button, “yes” could be selected if he/she wishes to scan in the ID, and “no” if not. Either way, the test may proceed but the fact that the operator did or didn&#39;t scan in could be recorded in the datalogger. Of course, preferably, the operator will always be prompted to scan in the “tech ID” when solution is being changed. 
     In accordance with another variant refinement of the present invention, a “maintenance mode” can engage after a given number of tests (which may or may not coincide with the upper limit defined by the “test counter”) or a predetermined time frame (which may or may not coincide with the upper limit defined by the “day counter”). Preferably, when a “maintenance” prompt is activated, the operator will be directed to insert into recession/depression  47  not a jar/container of solution but a jar/container of cleaning fluid, followed by a jar/container of rinse fluid. (Or, rather than the use of jars/containers for these purposes, it is conceivable to successively connect one or more fluid connections, such as a tube or hose for each of the cleaning fluid and rinsing solution, to inlet port  47 , or to connect just one such tube/hose which could by itself successively admit cleaning fluid then rinsing solution.) As can be appreciated, jars/containers of cleaning fluid and rinsing solution can preferably be “scanned” in similarly to the jars/containers of solution described above. 
     A data port  40  (such as an RS232) may preferably be provided at a rear of the unit, as shown, for uploading internal data to an external source such as a PC. For instance, when the internal memory (essentially constituted by the datalogger) nears capacity, a prompt could be provided (e.g. via screen  1 ) to upload the data. Suitable software on the PC may preferably be specifically configured for this purpose. At the same time, port  40  can also be configured for downloading into the unit any suitable external data, such as product software updates. Data uploaded to a PC can of course be stored and printed locally for record keeping and future reference. Alternatively, a print port could be provided on the unit via which to directly export data from the unit&#39;s internal datalogger to a printer. 
     As such, preferably, a bar code can be put on each evidentiary breath tester or breathalyzer that the unit is involved in calibrating. The bar code can be scanned with reader  30  and thereby inputted into the datalogger. A record can then be produced to the effect that a given breathalyzer was indeed calibrated at a certain time and date with a certain solution, that itself has been shown to be reliable within a given time window and given number of tests. 
       FIG. 3  shows a sample datalogger report that could be generated and produced in accordance with the process steps described hereinabove. The recorded steps shown progress as far as enabling “run” mode, subsequent to verifying that an acceptable bottle of solution has been used to fill jar/container  4 . 
     If not otherwise stated herein, it is to be assumed that all patents, patent applications, patent publications and other publications (including web-based publications) mentioned and cited herein are hereby fully incorporated by reference herein as if set forth in their entirety herein. 
     Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may be affected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention.