Abstract:
A thickener composition for thickening aqueous compositions which contains a) a water soluble or water dispersible thickener containing urethane groups, b) a non-ionic aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic emulsifier and c) a compound corresponding to formula I 
     
       R.sub.2 -- (Q.sub.2 --).sub.t H!.sub.u                     (I) 
     
     wherein R 2  represents an optionally branched and unsaturated aliphatic radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic radical having 5 to 12 ring atoms, as obtained by removing the active hydrogen from a hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic acid or amide group, Q 2  represents a C 2  -C 4  alkylene oxide unit, t has a value from 1 to 30 and u has a value from 1 to 10, and d) optionally further additives.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to new thickener compositions for thickening aqueous compositions, which are characterized by a particularly low viscosity combined with a good thickening action. 
     Description of the Prior Art 
     Polyurethane-based thickeners for aqueous systems have been described, e.g., in DE-A 1,444,243, DE-A 3,630,319, EP-A-0,031,777, EP-A-0,307,775, EP-A-0,495,373, U.S. Pat. No. 4,079,028, U.S. Pat. No.4,155,892, U.S. Pat. No. 4,499,233 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,023,309. 
     A common feature of these prior art thickeners is the simultaneous presence of (i) hydrophilic segments in an amount of at least 50 wt. %, (ii) hydrophobic segments in an amount of at most 10 wt. %, and (iii) urethane groups. The term &#34;hydrophilic segments&#34; means polyether chains having at least five chain members in which the alkylene oxide units contain at least 60 mole % of ethylene oxide units. The term &#34;hydrophobic segments&#34; means hydrocarbon segments having at least six carbon atoms. These definitions apply to component a) of the compositions according to the invention. 
     These polyurethane thickeners are suitable as additives for adjusting the rheological properties of aqueous compositions such as automotive and industrial paints, rendering coats and paints, printing inks and textile colorants, pigment printing pastes, pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations, plant protection formulations and filler dispersions. 
     Although the prior art polyurethane thickeners may be used for many applications, they have a basic disadvantage, i.e., too high an inherent viscosity in the form of their aqueous solution, which makes it difficult to incorporate them into the aqueous compositions. 
     Many attempts have been made in the past to reduce the inherent viscosity of these thickeners. Attempts have been made during the production stage of these thickeners to reduce the inherent viscosity, for example, by reducing the molecular weight. However, within a series of homologs this has the effect of reducing the thickener action. 
     The obvious step of reducing the viscosity of the aqueous solutions by dilution with water obviously has the disadvantage of reducing the concentration of the active constituents, which lowers the thickening action for the same overall amount of thickener. 
     One convenient method for reducing the inherent viscosity of the aqueous polyurethane thickener solutions is to add water miscible solvents such as water soluble monohydric or polyhydric alcohols. A disadvantage of this method, which is very effective, is that it has an adverse effect on the environmental compatibility of the aqueous compositions. In addition, the amount of solvents that have to be used to achieve a desired viscosity is often relatively high. Relatively large amounts of solvents can also cause a deterioration in the application properties of the aqueous compositions, for example, the coating properties or the stability. 
     Another method for reducing the viscosity of aqueous solutions of polyurethane thickeners is to add emulsifiers such as alkoxylated alcohols or phenols. A disadvantage of these additives is that they have to be used in high concentrations in order to achieve a sufficient reduction in the inherent viscosity of the thickener. Also, with this method it has not previously been possible to reduce the inherent viscosity of the thickeners to the desired value, especially in the case of highly active thickeners. 
     An object of the present invention is to provide new polyurethane-based thickener compositions for aqueous compositions, which in the form of their aqueous solutions or dispersions have a significantly reduced inherent viscosity and have at least as good a thickening action as analogous systems of the prior art. 
     This object was surprisingly achieved with the thickener compositions described hereinafter. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a thickener composition for thickening aqueous compositions which contains 
     a) a water soluble or water dispersible thickener containing urethane groups, 
     b) a non-ionic aromatic or alkyl-substituted aromatic emulsifier corresponding to formula II 
     Component b) is selected from compounds corresponding to the formula II 
     
         R-- O--(Q.sub.1).sub.x --H!.sub.y                          (II) 
    
     wherein 
     R represents an aromatic and/or an alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 50, preferably 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which may optionally contain inert substituents, 
     Q 1 , represents C 2  -C 4  alkylene oxide units, preferably ethylene oxide units and/or propylene oxide units, 
     x has a value from 1 to 300, preferably 5 to 100, and more preferably 10 to 30, and 
     y has a value from 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, and more preferably 1 to4. 
     c) a compound corresponding to formula I 
     
         R.sub.2 -- (Q.sub.2 --)+H!.sub.u (I) 
    
     wherein 
     R 2  represents an optionally branched and/or unsaturated aliphatic radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic radical having 5 to 12 ring atoms, as obtained by removing the active hydrogen from a hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic acid or amide group, 
     Q 2  represents a C 2  -C 4  alkylene oxide unit, 
     t has a value from 1 to 30 and 
     u has a value from 1 to 10, 
     d) further additives (optionally). 
     The invention also relates to the use of this thickener composition in aqueous compositions selected from aqueous automotive and industrial paints, rendering materials and paints, printing inks and textile colorants, pigment printing pastes, aqueous pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations, plant protection formulations, filler and pigment dispersions, detergent preparations, adhesives, waxes and polishes, and for petroleum extraction. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Component a) of the compositions according to the invention is selected from known polyurethane thickeners, preferably those containing at least 50 wt. % of hydrophilic segments and at most 10 wt. % of hydrophobic segments. Examples include the thickening agents described in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,079,028, 4,155,892, 4,499,233 and 5,023,309 (all of which are herein incorporated by reference), wherein 
     Suitable starter molecules for preparing component b) are monofunctional and polyfunctional phenols corresponding to formula II, preferably those corresponding to the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein m has an average value of 0.5 to 2.8 and 
     R 1  represents hydrogen or methyl and ##STR2## wherein has an average value of 0.5 to 2.8. 
     Component c) is preferably selected from compounds corresponding to formula I 
     
         R.sub.2 -- (Q.sub.2 --)+H!.sub.u 
    
     wherein 
     R 2  represents an optionally branched and/or unsaturated aliphatic radical having 6 to 22, preferably 6 to 16, more preferably 8 to 16 carbon atoms and most preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic radical having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic radical having 5 to 12, preferably 5 to 7 ring atoms, as obtained by removing the active hydrogen from a hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic acid or amide group, 
     Q 2  represents C 2  -C 4  alkylene oxide units, preferably ethylene oxide units and/or propylene oxide units, 
     t has a value from 1 to 30, preferably 2 to 20 and more preferably 4 to 14 and 
     u has a value 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 1 or 2. 
     Component c) is selected from the alkylation products of suitable, known starter molecules. Examples of alkylene oxides being include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and the isomeric butylene oxides, preferably ethylene oxide or mixtures containing ethylene oxide. It is possible to use different alkylene oxides in succession so as to form different polyether blocks. 
     Suitable starter molecules for component c) include n-hexanol, n-octanol, isooctanol, n-nonanol, isononanol, n-decanol, iso-undecanol, undecanol, n-dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol and mixtures thereof, such as those in industrial syntheses or from natural products. Other examples include cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, hydroxytetraline, n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-dodecylamine, dodecanoic acid amide, caprolactam etc. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention component c) is selected from compounds corresponding to formula III 
     
         R.sub.2 -- O--EO.sub.v --PO.sub.w)--H                      (III) 
    
     wherein 
     R 2  represents a linear aliphatic radical having 6 to 16, preferably 8 to 16 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 to 14 atoms, 
     v has a value from 3 to 10 and 
     w has a value from 0 to 6, 
     v+w has a value of 3 to 16, preferably 8 to 14, more preferably 8 to 10. 
     In another preferred embodiment of the present invention component c) is selected from compounds corresponding to formula IV ##STR3## wherein Q 2  represents ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, 
     r has a value from 2 to 20 and 
     t has a value from 1 to 30. 
     Additives d), which may optionally be used, include polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol, optionally in aqueous mixtures, which may be used, inter alia, to formulate the individual components. 
     In the thickener compositions according to the invention component b) is preferably present in an amount of 0.5 to 80, more preferably 5 to 50 and most preferably 10 to 30 wt. %, based on the total solids of components a), b) and c). Component c) is preferably present in an amount of 0.5 to 80, more preferably 1 to 50 and most preferably 1 to 40 wt. %, based on the total solids of components a), b) and c). The total amount of the components b) and c) is preferably at most 90 wt. %, more preferably at most 70 wt. % and most preferably at most 50 wt. %, based on the total solids of components a), b) and c). Total solids means the total weight of the aqueous-free individual components a), b) and c). 
     In addition to components a), b) and c) that are essential to the invention, additives d) may also be present. The amount of these additives is at most 30 wt. %, based on the total solids of components a), b) and c). 
     The thickener compositions according to the invention may be prepared in a known manner. For example, components b) and c) may be added successively while stirring and optionally heating to polyurethane thickener a), which may optionally dissolved in water. It is also possible to prepare a mixture of components b) and c), which is then added to polyurethane thickener a), which may optionally dissolved in water. In this connection it is possible to use known solvents and/or diluents as component d) to improve the miscibility of the individual components. 
     Another embodiment for preparing the compositions according to the invention is to add components b) and c), and optionally water, to polyurethane thickener a) immediately after its preparation. This method is particularly preferred since it has economic advantages over the other methods. 
     The compositions according to the invention are generally aqueous solutions or dispersions having a solids content of 10 to 90 wt. %, preferably 30 to 70 wt. % and more preferably 40 to 50 wt. %. In determining the solids content the term &#34;solids&#34; means the solids present in components a), b), c) and d). In the thickener composition the weight ratio of component a) to the sum of the components b) and c) is 3:1 to 1:3 and the weight ratio of component b) to component c) is 2:1 to 1:8. 
     The inherent viscosity of the compositions according to the invention can be determined by known methods, for example, in a Haake VT 500 rotational viscometer or in a Brookfield viscometer. The viscosity may vary within broad limits. However, the flow properties of the compositions are preferably such that they can be poured, pumped, etc., without any difficulty. The viscosity, measured at 10.3s 13  1 and 23° C., is 100 to 60,000 mPa.s, preferably 100 to 20,000 mPa.s and more preferably 100 to 10,000 mPa.s. 
     Due to their relatively low inherent viscosity, the compositions according to the invention may also be added in concentrated form for their use according to the invention. It is particularly noteworthy in this connection that the thickening action of the thickeners according to the invention is not reduced, or only insignificantly reduced, despite the comparatively sharply reduced inherent viscosity of these thickeners. 
     A further advantage of the compositions according to the invention is their compatibility with the aqueous compositions to be thickened, e.g., emulsion paints, which facilitates the incorporation of the thickeners, and at the same time the so-called maturation time of the resulting thickened compositions, i.e., the time to reach the maximum possible viscosity is significantly reduced. 
     The compositions according to the invention are suitable for thickening aqueous or predominantly aqueous compositions such as paints, printing inks and pigment pastes, filler dispersions and pigment dispersions, textile, leather and paper additives, oil extraction preparations, detergents, adhesives, waxes and polishes, formulations for pharmaceutical and veterinary purposes, plant protection preparations and cosmetic articles. The water itself may also be thickened with the polyurethane thickeners according to the invention so that further additives may be added, or so that the water itself can be added to aqueous preparations. 
     The thickener compositions according to the invention are suitable not only for thickening purely aqueous compositions, but also those compositions that contain organic solvents or other volatile additives, for example, polyhydric alcohols. The aqueous compositions to be thickened may contain known additives such as defoaming agents, flow control agents, fillers and pigments. 
     Examples of aqueous compositions that can be thickened according to the invention include aqueous polyacrylate dispersions, aqueous dispersions of copolymers of olefinically unsaturated monomers, aqueous polyvinyl acetate dispersions, aqueous polyurethane dispersions, aqueous polyester dispersions, two-component paints, and especially ready-to-use compositions containing these dispersions. 
     When the compositions according to the invention are used to thicken latex paints, this often leads to improved flow behavior of these compositions and to an improved surface finish of the resulting coatings. A further advantage of the compositions according to the invention is that their use in pigment-containing and/or filler-containing latex paints often leads to an improved wettability of these solids, which in turn facilitates the dispersion process, i.e.,the production of the ready-to-use latex paints. Coatings produced using emulsion paints thickened according to the invention are also characterized by an enhanced gloss. 
     The invention is further illustrated but is not intended to be limited by the following examples in which all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 
     Examples 1 to 5 
     The thickener from Example 5 of DE-A 4,327,481 was used. 
     To 26 g of the polyurethane thickener a) were added as component b) various amounts of a non-ionic surfactant corresponding to the formula ##STR4## and as component c) various amounts of a low molecular weight polyether R 9--11  --EO 6  --PO 2 .5 prepared from a 1:1 mixture of nonyl and undecyl alcohols (R 9-11 ) propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO), and water (up to 100 g). The mixtures were stirred for 30 minutes at 70° C. (500 revs/min), then for 8 hours at 50° C. before they were stored for 8 hours at room temperature. The viscosity of the resultant solutions was measured in a Haake VT500 viscometer, measurement body SV DIN, at 23° C. and 10.3 s --1 . The results are set forth in Table 1. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________Composition of the thickener composition(Wt. %, remainder water)Example          Component Component                              ViscosityNo.    Thickener a)            b)        c)      (mPa · s/23° C.)______________________________________1      26        19        5       138502      26        14        10      104003      26        9         15      68004      26        7         17      54005      26        4         20      5100______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 6 to 10 
     The procedure of Examples 1 to 5 was repeated with the exception that either one or both of components b) and c) was not added. The results are set forth in Table 2 and demonstrate that neither component b) nor component c) was sufficient by itself to produce products having the low viscosity and storage stability of the thickeners according to the invention. Either the viscosity was too high (Example 7) or the mixtures were not storage stable (Examples 8 to 10). 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________Composition of the thickener preparation(Wt. %, remainder water)                          Viscosity                                   WarmExample Thick-  Comp-    Comp- (mPa · s/                                   storage,No.     ener a) onent b) onent c)                          23° C.)                                   50° C.______________________________________6       26      --       --    Too high.sup.2                                   Not                          (not meas-                                   relevant                          urable)7       26      24       --    30,500   Satis-                                   factory8       26      --       24    4000     Separated9       28      --       22    6300     into two10      30      --       20    11100    layers at                                   &gt;40  C.______________________________________ 2) &gt; 60,000 mPa · s 
    
     EXAMPLES 11 to 15 
     The following examples demonstrate that the thickening action of component a) was not adversely affected by viscosity-reducing additives b) and c). The values fell within the known limits. 
     Measurement of thickening action 
     In each example 2 g of an aqueous solution of a thickener composition were added to 98 g of a commercially available polyacrylate dispersion (Dilexo RA3, available from Condea, Hamburg). In each example the concentration of polyurethane thickener a) was 2.5 wt. %, based on resin solids. The mixtures were stirred for 5 minutes at 2000 revs/min and the resulting homogeneous dispersions were stored for 3 hours at 23° C. The viscosity was then measured as described above. The results are set forth in Table 3. 
     
                       TABLE 3______________________________________   Thickener composition from                    Thickening actionExample No.   Example No.      Viscosity (mPa · s) (23°______________________________________                    C.)11      7 (without component c)                    1240012      2                1220013      4                1260014      9                1230015      10               12500______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 16 to 24 
     The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that different compounds were used as component c). In all of the examples the ratio of components a), b) and c) was 26:12:12; the remaining 50 parts was water. 
     
                       TABLE 4______________________________________Composition of the thickeners and thickening action    Composition of                  Viscosity                           Thickener actionExample No.    component c)  mPa · s)                           mPa · s/23° C.______________________________________16       Mixture Nonanol/                  10900    12700    undecanol 1:1/7EO17       Tridecanol/4EO/                  13800    12400    1.5PO18       Tridecanol/5EO/3PO                  12800    1250019       Isooctanol/6EO/4PO                  12900    1245020       Isooctanol/5EO/5PO                  10400    1230021       Nonanol/undecanol/                  10000    12700    1:1/5EO/5PO22       Isodecanol/6EO/5PO                  13100    1240023       2-ethylhexanol/                  26300    12200    8PO/6EO24 (Comp)    24 parts component                  30500    12500    b), without component    c)______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 25 to 34 
     The procedure of Examples 1 to 5 was repeated with the exception that a different thickener was used, i.e., the thickener from Example 79 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,079,028, except that hexamethylene diisocyanate was used instead of toluylene diisocyanate. The results are set forth in Table 5. Table 5 also sets forth the thickening action of the compositions according to the invention, which were measured as described in Examples 11 to 15. In all of the examples the ratio of components a), b) and c) was 26:12:12; the remaining 50 parts was water. Component b) was the same as in Example 1. The examples demonstrate that the thickening action of component a) was not adversely affected by viscosity-reducing additives b) and c). 
     
                       TABLE 5______________________________________Composition of the thickeners and thickening action                             Thickening   Composition of   Viscosity                             actionExample No.   component c)     mPa · s                             mPa · s/23° C.______________________________________25      Nonanol/undecanol 1:1/7EO                    3300     930026      Tridecanol/4EO/1.5PO                    3900     910027      Tridecanol/5EO/3PO                    3600     900028      Isooctanol/6EO/4PO                    3700     940029      Isodecanol/5EO/5PO                    3200     925030      Nonanol/undecanol                    2800     9150   1:1/5EO/5PO31      Isodecanol/6EO/5PO                    5200     910032      2-ethylhexanol/8PO/6EO                    6900     930033      Nonanol/undecanol                    2700     9200   1:1/6EO/2.5PO34 (Comp)   24 parts component b),                    8250     9200   without component c)______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 35 to 37 
     Examples 25-33 were repeated with the exception that different compounds were used as component b). In all of the examples the ratio of components a), b) and c) was 26:12:12; the remaining 50 parts was water. Component c) was the same as in Example 1. The examples demonstrate that the thickening action of component a) was not adversely affected by viscosity-reducing additives b) and c). The results are set forth in Table 6. 
     
                       TABLE 6______________________________________Composition of the thickeners and thickening actionExample                 Viscosity                            Thickener actionNo        Component b)  mPa · s                            mPa · s/23° C.______________________________________35        Borchigen DFN 3000     9250     (aralkylphenol/     14EO)36        Component b) from                   3500     9300     Example 1, but with     2.2 moles of styrene     per mole of phenol     and 16EO37        Nonylphenol/10EO                   2900     9100______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 38 to 49 
     The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the exception that the following compounds were used as component b): 
     I. Condensation product of 2.2 moles of benzyl chloride and 1 mole of hydroxybisphenyl, reacted with 15 moles of EO 
     II. Condensation product of 2.8 moles of styrene and 1 mole of phenol, reacted with 17 moles of ethylene oxide 
     III. Condensation product of 2 moles of styrene and 1 mole of phenol, reacted with 12 moles of ethylene oxide 
     IV. Condensation product of 2.8 moles of vinyl toluene with I mole of phenol, reacted with 20 moles of EO 
     V. Condensation product of 1.8 moles of styrene with 1 mole of phenol, reacted with 14 moles of EO 
     VI. Condensation product of 2 moles of styrene with 1 mole of phenol, reacted with 20 moles of EO and 4 moles of PO 
     VII. Condensation product of 2 moles of styrene with 1 mole of phenol, reacted with a mixture of 13 moles of EO and 4 moles of PO 
     VIII. Condensation product of 1.8 moles of α-methyl styrene and 1 mole of phenol, reacted with 16 moles of EO 
     These compounds were used in the amounts set forth in Table 7 to prepare the compositions according to the invention. 
     
                                           TABLE 7__________________________________________________________________________                                  Thickener actionExample Component b)         Component c)     Viscosity mPa · s                                  mPa · s/23°__________________________________________________________________________                                  C.38    12 parts I         12 parts component c) from Example 1                          11100   1230039    12 parts II         12 parts n-hexanol/4 EO                          12000   1180040    14 parts I         10 parts n-hexanol/4 EO                          13600   1190041    10 parts V         14 parts n-octanol/4 EO/2 PO                          10500   1210042    14 parts VI         10 parts caprolactam/4 PO                          14200   1240043    12 parts IV         12 parts n-nonanol/4.5 EO/2.5 PO                          12200   1250044    20 parts I          4 parts n-hexanol/3 EO/1 PO                          21600   1270045    13 parts III         11 parts n-octanol/4 EO                          12900   1220046    12 parts VII         12 parts n-hexanol/5 EO                          11800   1250047    12 parts VIII         12 parts n-dodecanol/5 EO/2 PO                          13400   1270048    14 parts I         10 parts n-hexadecanol/8 EO/3 PO                          15100   1240049    24 parts of              30500   12500(comparison) component b) from Example 1__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Although the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that variations can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention except as it may be limited by the claims.