Abstract:
A user control input system for a host with a display. A controller establishes a communication link with the host and includes a first motion sensor. At least a second motion sensor is also in communication with the host. First user movement induces the first motion sensor to generate a first signal that is communicated to the host such that the host induces movement of a cursor on the display to move with respect to control objects at a first resolution. Second user movement induces the second motion sensor to generate a signal that is communicated to the host such that the host processing unit induces movement of the cursor at a second coarser resolution. The cursor can include first and second indicia such that the second indicium is moved proportional to the second motion at a finer resolution than movement of the first indicia.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The invention relates to the field of interface controls for electronic devices and to a pointing device(s) and system having multiple pointing resolutions. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0004]    A variety of input or control devices have been developed for interaction with microprocessor or computer based electronic devices. For example, keyboards have been developed to enter text base data, which can include commands, to an electronic device. Buttons and switches have also been developed to allow a user to indicate or select a desired operating condition or other control parameter. Graphical user interfaces (GUI) have also been developed to provide a user friendly and intuitive interface for providing control inputs. A GUI system typically includes a graphical display that portrays one or more control icons and a user moveable and selectable cursor that is moved about the display. Via the moveable cursor, a user can select or indicate a control icon and select a desired control action. 
         [0005]    GUI systems have employed a variety of interfaces for interacting with the GUI system to move and select the cursor as displayed on the display screen. A mouse can have a wired or wireless connection to the electronic device. Physical movement of the mouse, for example on a table, desk, mouse pad, and the like, are translated into corresponding movements of the cursor. A button or pressure switch is typically provided to allow a user to activate or “click” the cursor when moved to the desired location. Trackballs work in a similar manner, however movement of the cursor is induced via rotational movement of the trackball rather than the gross movement of a mouse. Track pads or mouse pads allow a user to trace or swipe their fingertip across the pads to effect movement of the cursor. Tapping on the track pad or activation of a separate switch activates or clicks the cursor. Electronic devices can also be provided with touch screens such that a user may indicate directly on a display the desired control icon and corresponding control input. Such systems have been well developed and typically work well for the desired applications when the mouse, trackball, and/or touch screen are integrated with or located in close proximity to the electronic device. 
         [0006]    Certain categories of electronic device however are typically not equipped to offer the proximity of a GUI as has been provided, for example, in computers and personal mobile devices. For example, a television is typically not configured to have a user in close proximity to the device during operation. In contrast, a television is typically configured for the user to sit or otherwise view the television from a range of several meters. Accordingly, a variety of remote controls have been developed that communicate with a television in a wireless manner and facilitate control and operation of the television from a range of several meters. Remote controls can provide the user the ability to remotely select a desired viewing channel, adjust sound volume, adjust a variety of video display options, and/or select from a variety of input sources. However, remote controls have not supported a graphical user interface. As televisions develop increased capabilities, including the capabilities to act as components in an Internet connected smart system, existing interface and control systems have offered limited utility and convenience for the user. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    Embodiments are based at least in part on a recognition that a new type of interface system is needed to accommodate the user control needs of complex electronic devices that may include a relatively large display screen, particularly in applications where a user is generally located not in immediate proximity to the electronic device. Embodiments include pointing device systems to allow a user to graphically indicate objects on a display screen and apply desired actions to those objects. Some embodiments employ a handheld portable controller that can include one or more motion sensors. Embodiments include user input systems or pointing devices having multiple resolutions. 
         [0008]    Some embodiments include sensors having a relatively coarse movement resolution configured to induce movement of a cursor on a display screen proportional to gross body movements, for example movement of a hand, eyes, and/or head. The coarse resolution can allow a user to rapidly move a cursor on a display screen, for example to rapidly traverse substantially an entire extent of a display screen. Embodiments can also include relatively fine or high resolution motion sensors. The high resolution sensor allows a user to have relatively fine and precise control over a cursor in a GUI system. By combining multiple resolutions in a pointing device system, a user can maintain the precision and control of high resolution movement of a cursor with reduced inconvenience from a strictly fine resolution based system. 
         [0009]    For example, when adapted to relatively large display screens, existing GUI interfaces would either sacrifice fine motion control or require a user to repeatedly or iteratively sweep across a graphical user interface with each swipe or sweep only moving a cursor a portion of a distance across a larger display screen. Embodiments employ multiple motion sensing technologies to easily and rapidly locate and indicate a region of interest, such as a particular control icon. Embodiments use relatively high resolution technology to accurately select or point items within the region of interest. Objects or items within an area of interest can be enlarged for improved visibility, particularly from an extended viewing distance. 
         [0010]    One embodiment includes a user control input system comprising a host processing unit, a display in communication with the host processing unit and configured to graphically display data and control objects, a controller processing unit, a communication link between the controller processing unit and the host processing unit, a first motion sensor in communication with the host processing unit, and at least a second motion sensor in communication with the host processing unit and wherein first user movement induces the first motion sensor to generate a first signal that is communicated to the host processing unit such that the host processing unit induces movement of a cursor displayed on the display to move with respect to the control objects at a first resolution and wherein second user movement induces the second motion sensor to generate a signal that is communicated to the host processing unit such that the host processing unit induces movement of the cursor at a second coarser resolution. 
         [0011]    Another embodiment includes a controller for providing control signals to a separate electronic device, the controller comprising a controller processing unit, a communication module for wireless communication with a separate electronic device and in communication with the controller processing unit, a first motion sensor in communication with the controller processing unit, and at least a second motion sensor in communication with the controller processing unit wherein first user movement with respect to the controller induces the first motion sensor to generate a first signal corresponding to movement of a first resolution and wherein second user movement induces the second motion sensor to generate a second signal corresponding to movement of a second coarser resolution. 
         [0012]    A further embodiment includes a method of providing control inputs to an electronic device, the method comprising presenting a graphical depiction of a plurality of control icons on a display screen, generating a first movement signal corresponding to a first user movement, moving a cursor on the display screen corresponding to the first movement signal at a first resolution, generating a second movement signal corresponding to a second user movement, and moving the cursor on the display screen corresponding to the second movement signal at a second coarser resolution. 
         [0013]    Yet a further embodiment includes computer readable storage media provided with machine executable instructions that induce one or more microprocessor based devices to perform the operations of display a plurality of control icons distributed on a display screen, receive first signals indicative of a first motion, move a first indicia on the display screen proportional to the first motion, receive second signals indicative of a second motion, and move a second indicia on the display screen proportional to the second motion wherein the movement of the second indicia is performed at a finer resolution than movement of the first indicia. These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]      FIG. 1  is a schematic block diagram of embodiments of a multi-resolution pointing system which can include one or more controllers with first and second motion sensors. 
           [0015]      FIGS. 2A ,  2 B, and  2 C are perspective schematic illustrations of embodiments of handheld portable controllers adapted for use in a multi-resolution pointing system. 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  is a state diagram of embodiments of a multi-resolution pointing system. 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  illustrates embodiments of coarse cursor movements in a multi-resolution pointing system corresponding to a second motion sensor. 
           [0018]      FIGS. 5A and 5B  illustrate embodiments of relatively fine cursor movement in a multi-resolution pointing system corresponding to a first motion sensor. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0019]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of embodiments of a multi-resolution pointing system  100 . The system  100  is configured to allow a user to interact with a host  102  so as to provide control inputs to induce the host  102  to perform desired operations. The host  102  can comprise a variety of electronic devices including but not limited to computers, televisions, and televisions including set top boxes for multi-media access, and computers and/or televisions having Internet and/or local area network (LAN) connectivity. The system  100  is configured to allow the user to interact with the host  102  via a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows rapid access to a plurality of graphic control objects distributed across a large display area, yet in a manner that supports high accuracy or resolution operation with the control objects. 
         [0020]    The host  102  comprises one or more displays  104 . The display  104  is configured to graphically portray image data for viewing by a user. The display  104  can comprise a variety of technologies including but not limited to cathode ray tubes (CRTs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), plasma displays, DLP displays, light emitting diode (LED) displays, organic LEDs (OLEDs), and/or interferometric modulators. In some embodiments, the display  104  has a relatively large viewing area, including but not limited to displays  104  having viewing dimensions of one or more meters. 
         [0021]    The host  102  also comprises one or more processing units  106 . The processing unit  106  comprises one or more microprocessors and associated operational software and memory. Thus the processing unit  106  comprises at least in part computer readable storage media provided with machine executable instructions to induce a computer based system to perform associated operations. 
         [0022]    The host  102  further comprises a communications module  110 . The communications module  110  supports wired and/or wireless communication with one or more other electronic devices. The communications module  110  can utilize a variety of communications technology, including but not limited to RF signals, IR signals, fiber optic communication channels, and wired communications channels. The host  102  can be in communication with a wireless hub  140  configured to support wireless communication with other devices in the local environment. The host  102  can also be in communication with a network  142 . The network  142  can be adapted to provide programming data, such as a plurality of television channels, and/or provide connection to other distributed communication systems, such as the Internet. 
         [0023]    The system  100  further comprises one or more controllers  120 ,  120 ′. The controller  120  is configured to allow a user to provide control inputs to the host  102  in a remote manner. Thus, the controller  120  is configured to support communication with the host  102  over an extended distance, generally on the order of several meters or more. The controller  120  comprises a communications module  122  configured for communication with the host  102 , e.g. via cooperation with the host communications module  110 . In some embodiments, the controller  120  can communicate with the host  102  via the wireless hub  140 . 
         [0024]    The controller  120  comprises a first motion sensor  124 . The first motion sensor  124  is configured to provide signals indicative of user movement that is generally made with respect to the controller  120 . The first motion sensor  124  can comprise a variety of sensors including but not limited to touch pads, mouse pads, trackballs, wireless mice, and touch screens. The first motion sensor  124  is configured to provide relatively fine or precise signals corresponding to the user&#39;s movement. For example, a user may swipe or trace their fingertip across a track pad thereby generating a signal indicative of the relative two dimensional movement of the user&#39;s fingertip across the touch pad. This signal is communicated, in one embodiment, by the controller communications module  122  to the host communications module  110 . 
         [0025]    The controller  120  can comprise at least a second motion sensor  126 . The second motion sensor  126  can be configured to generate signals indicative of the movement of the controller  120 . Thus, in some embodiments, user manipulation or movement of the controller  120  generates signals indicative thereof. Thus, the second motion sensor  126  generates signals indicative of gross movement of the user and the controller  120 . As the movement signals generated by the second motion sensor  126  can correspond to gross or relatively large movements of the user and the controller  120 , resolution or precision of these signals generated by the second motion sensor  126  may be relatively coarse or imprecise. The second motion sensor  126  can comprise a variety of motion sensors including but not limited to one or more accelerometers and/or one or more gyroscopes. 
         [0026]    Some embodiments comprise a first controller  120  and at least a second controller  120 ′. The second controller  120 ′ can comprise a second motion sensor  126  and the first controller  120  comprises a first motion sensor  124  without a second motion sensor. The second motion sensor  126  of the second controller  120 ′ can comprise a motion sensor adapted for movement with a users head. For example, the second controller  120 ′ can be configured for mounting to a user&#39;s head, such as via bands, straps, or a cap. Tilting and/or rotation of the user&#39;s head and thus the second controller  120 ′ can induce the second motion sensor  126  to generate a corresponding signal. 
         [0027]    In some embodiments, the host  102  can comprise one or more motion sensors  112 . The host motion sensor(s)  112  can be configured to sense one or more movements of a user. In some embodiments, the host motion sensor(s)  112  comprise an eye-movement sensor. In these embodiments, the host motion sensor  112  can track movement of the user&#39;s eyes and generate corresponding motion signals. In some embodiments, the host motion sensor(s)  112  comprise machine vision sensors to allow the host  102  to track movement of the user, including but not limited to movement of their head and hands. 
         [0028]    In some embodiments, the system  100  comprises three or more motion sensors. For example, in some embodiments the system comprises a first motion sensor  124  configured to provide fine or high resolution motion signals. The system  100  can comprise a third host motion sensor  112  configured to detect relatively coarse or low resolution motion signals, for example corresponding to a user&#39;s eye movement. The system  100  can comprise a second motion sensor  126  embodied in a first controller  120 , a second controller  120 ′, or in the host  102 . The second motion sensor  126  is configured to provide intermediate resolution motion signals corresponding, for example, to movement of a user&#39;s head or hand. Thus embodiments provide wide flexibility in configuring a plurality of motion sensors to generate a plurality of motion signals having varying resolution or precision. 
         [0029]    In some embodiments, the system  100  is configured such that the host  102  operates on signals from the first and at least second motion sensors  124 ,  126  independently and exclusively. Thus, in at least some embodiments, the host  102  may ignore or disregard signals from the first motion sensor  124  when operating on signals from the second motion sensor  126 . Conversely, the host  102  can be configured to ignore signals from the second motion sensor  126  when processing signals from the first motion sensor  124 . Thus, in at least some embodiments, inadvertent or unintentional movement of the controller  120  or of the user while operating the first motion sensor  124  can be ignored or suppressed by the system  100 . This aspect allows a user to provide fine or high resolution control inputs that are not disrupted or overridden by incidental gross or coarse movement signals. 
         [0030]    In one embodiment, the controller  120  further comprises a controller processing unit  130 . The controller processing unit  130  comprises one or more microprocessors and associated operating software and memory. The processing unit  130  comprises storage media provided with machine executable instructions configured to perform a variety of processes, including those described for various embodiments herein. 
         [0031]    In some embodiments, the controller  120  further comprises one or more input means  132 . The input means  132  provide one or more operational controls for a user to provide control inputs. The input means  132  can be configured as a button or switch. The input means  132  can also comprise a pressure sensor. For example, applying pressure to a button or region of the controller  120  can result in a “clicking” control input. In some embodiments, the input means  132  can be at least partially integrated with one or both of a first and second motion sensor  124 ,  126 . For example, as previously noted the first motion sensor  124  can comprise a touch pad and/or trackball. The input means  132  can be configured such that applying a specific pressure or tap motion to the first motion sensor  124  can result in activation of the input means  132 . In a similar manner, the first motion sensor  124  can comprise a trackball and tapping or applying a vertical force to the trackball can induce activation of the input means  132 . 
         [0032]      FIGS. 2A ,  2 B, and  2 C illustrate various embodiments in perspective view of a controller  120  in a multi-resolution pointing system  100 .  FIG. 2A  illustrates an embodiment of controller  120  comprising a first motion sensor  124  and input means  132  configured as a touch pad. As previously described, a user can trace or swipe their finger across the surface of the first motion sensor  124  thereby generating a signal indicative of the two dimensional movement of the user&#39;s fingertip across the first motion sensor  124 . The user can also apply a specific tactile input, such as brief tapping or striking of the first motion sensor  124  to activate the input means  132 . In some embodiments, the first motion sensor  124  and input means  132  can be configured such that application of a greater force throughout a swiping motion or at the beginning of a swiping motion can result in the first motion sensor  124  and input means  132  providing a signal indicating a desire for a “drag” input command. In some embodiments, the first motion sensor  124  and input means  132  can generate different movement signals depending on whether a user swipes a single fingertip across the first motion sensor or multiple fingertips in concert. 
         [0033]      FIG. 2B  illustrates an embodiment of controller  120  having a first motion sensor  124 ′ and input means  132  configured as a trackball. As previously noted, the first motion sensor  124 ′ operates via a rolling or rotating action of the trackball rather than swiping across the first motion sensor  124  configured as a trackpad. Tapping or application of force to the first motion sensor  124 ′ configured as a trackball can activate an input means  132  to effect a clicking or selection operation with the controller  120 . 
         [0034]      FIG. 2C  illustrates an embodiment of controller  124  comprising a trackball  124 ″ and a separate input means  132 . While  FIG. 2C  illustrates a single input means  132  arranged generally at an upper outward corner of the controller  120 , it will be understood that this is simply one embodiment. A plurality of input means  132  having separate control functions can be provided. In addition, the location of the one or more input means  132  can be adjusted to the needs of a given application. 
         [0035]      FIG. 3  is a state transition diagram of embodiments of a multi-resolution pointing system  100 . In an idle state  202 , the multi-resolution pointing system  100  is inactive. In state  202 , the host  102  either does not receive any motion data or any received motion data fails to exceed a movement threshold. The idle state  202  does not indicate that the host  102  or controller  120  is necessarily in an inoperative or in an “off” mode, but rather simply that no significant user motion activity is currently present. 
         [0036]    Upon the host  102  recognizing a motion active condition, the idle state  202  transitions to a moving state  204 . The moving state  204  indicates that one or more gross motions of the user have been detected by one or more of the second motion sensor  126  of the controller  120 , a motion sensor  112  of the host, or a motion sensor of an additional controller  120 ′. 
         [0037]    The motion active condition can be defined differently depending on particular implementations of various embodiments of the system  100 . For example, in some embodiments a motion active condition occurs according to a significant gross motion activity followed by a brief pause in motion. For example, this embodiment can correspond to a user action of lifting the controller  120  and aiming or pointing the controller  120  generally in the direction of the physical location of the host  102 . In some embodiments, a motion active condition can occur via the user action of powering on the controller  120 . 
         [0038]    A motion inactive condition can occur in a time-out manner. For example, if significant motion in excess of the threshold is not observed for a selected interval of time, the system  100  can transition in a motion inactive condition from the moving state  204  to the idle state  202 . 
         [0039]    In the moving state  204 , the host  102  recognizes and processes one or more motion signals corresponding to gross movement of the user. For example, a user can hold and manipulate a controller  120  with or without operating the first motion sensor  124 . In the moving state  204 , gross movements observed by the system  100  result in generation and corresponding movement of a cursor. For example as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , a host  102  including a display  104  can generate graphic depictions of a plurality of control icons  150 . The host  102  can further generate and graphically depict a cursor  152  corresponding to movement observed during the moving state  204 . In one embodiment, the cursor  152  comprises a highlighted or spotlighted area depicted at a first initial region of the display  104 . In one embodiment, the cursor  152  describes a generally circular highlighted or spotlighted area. However this is simply one embodiment and other sizes, shapes, and configurations of the cursor  152  are possible. 
         [0040]    In some embodiments, the cursor  152  comprises a composite cursor. Thus, in at least one embodiment the cursor  152  describes an outer boundary or region of the cursor  152  and a cursor portion  152 ′ indicating a center of the composite cursor. 
         [0041]    In some embodiments, the cursor  152  can be enlarged or zoomed in for better visibility. As previously noted, in at least some implementations the display  104  of the host  102  is relatively large. A cursor  152  can be enlarged or zoomed to offer a user a better view of regions of the display  104  of interest. 
         [0042]    In the moving state  204 , the host  102  receives motion data and induces the cursor  152  into corresponding movement across the display  104 . In some embodiments, the motion sensor(s) monitored during the moving state  204  can have relatively low accuracy or resolution. Accordingly, the host  102  can interpret motion signals indicative of gross movement of the user/controller  120  in a macroscopic or relatively low resolution manner. This aspect provides the advantage that motion signals can be utilized to move the cursor  152  in a relatively quick and rapid manner across a substantial entire extent of the display  104 . Thus, a relatively quick single swing of the controller  120  can result in the cursor  152  traversing from one extent of the display  104  to an opposite limit of the display  104 . For example, a user can induce movement of the cursor  154  from a lower left corner of the display  104  to an upper right corner of the display  104  via a single sweep motion of the controller  120 . 
         [0043]    As previously noted, the cursor  152  can automatically enlarge or zoom control icons  150  falling within the extent of the cursor  152 . This enlargement or zooming can occur dynamically as the cursor  152  traverses the display  104 . This aspect can provide the advantage of providing improved view of the control icons  150  as the user induces movement of the cursor  152  about the display  104 . 
         [0044]    When a user activates the first motion sensor  124 , the system  100  transitions to a pointing state  206 . In the pointing state, the host  102  recognizes signals from the first motion sensor  124 . In the pointing state  206 , the user manipulates the first motion sensor  124  without activation of the input means  132 . In some embodiments, the host  102  operates to adjust the position of the cursor  152  in a fine or high resolution manner. As previously noted, in at least some embodiments, motion sensors recognized in the moving state  204  can be relatively imprecise or coarse in resolution. In the pointing state  206  however, the first motion sensor  124  can provide relatively precise and high resolution motion signals, facilitating fine or high resolution adjustment of the location of the cursor  152 . 
         [0045]    In some embodiments, the pointing state  206  induces the host  102  to generate and display a second cursor or pointer  154  ( FIGS. 5A and 5B ). The pointer  154  can be initially located generally at the center of the cursor  152 . The pointer  154  can be used to select a desired control icon  150  and induce the host  102  to perform the associated operations. The pointer  154  in some embodiments when selected induces the control icon  150  to present a pull-down or popup menu offering the user a plurality of control options associated with the control icon  150 . 
         [0046]    In the pointing state  206 , the host ignores or disregards motion signals that are recognized in the moving state  206 . Since the host  102  disregards or ignores gross motion signals in the pointing state  206 , inadvertent user movement or controller  120  movement does not disrupt the fine or high resolution motion signals provided by the first motion sensor  126 . Thus, the user can continue to provide fine high resolution motion signals to the host  102  without these signals being overridden or disrupted by gross movement either by the user or of the controller  120 . 
         [0047]    In some embodiments, when the user releases the pointing sensor, e.g. the first motion sensor  124 , a pointer inactive condition is recognized and the system  100  transitions from the pointing state  206  back to the moving state  204 . 
         [0048]    From the pointing state  206 , if the system  100  recognizes user actuation of the input means  132 , a button press condition is recognized and the system  100  transitions to a drag pointing state  210 . In the drag pointing state  210 , the host  102  selects any control icon  150  centered within the cursor  152  or aligned with the pointer  154 . Further user actuation of the first motion sensor  124  results in signals inducing the host  102  to move the selected control icon  150  in a corresponding manner. Thus, the drag pointing state  210  allows a user to select and “drag” the cursor  152  and/or pointer  154  and any associated control icons  150 . Release of the input means  132  causes a button release condition to be recognized and the system  100  transitions back to a pointing state  206 . 
         [0049]    In a similar manner, activation of the input means  132  in the moving state  204  results in a button press condition being recognized. The system  100  transitions from the moving state  205  to the drag moving state  212 . The drag moving state  212  operates in a similar manner as previously described for the drag pointing state  210 . However, movement or dragging of control icons  150  and operation therewith occurs according to one or more of the gross motion sensors rather than the fine high resolution first motion sensor  124 . 
         [0050]    It will be understood that the state diagram illustrated in  FIG. 3  and the associated description is simply descriptive of certain embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, one or both of the drag pointing  210  and drag moving  212  states can be omitted. Additional states can also be implemented in some embodiments. For example, a clear state can be implemented to cancel or negate previously indicated actions. For example, vigorous shaking or inversion of the controller  120  can result in the system entering a clear state to cancel or negate a previously indicated control input. 
         [0051]    Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have shown, described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to those embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the detail of the device illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Consequently, the scope of the invention should not be limited to the foregoing description but is to be defined by the appended claims.