Abstract:
A wind power installation having at least one cable passage means for passing through a hauling cable from a winch and a method of fitting/removing components of a wind power installation comprising laying a hauling cable from the winch to at least one deflection roller and further to the component to be fitted/removed, attaching the hauling cable to the component, and releasing and letting down or pulling up and fixing the component.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention concerns a wind power installation and a system and method of fitting/removing components of a wind power installation. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Wind power installations have long been known. The considerable dimensions and weights of modern installations means that on the one hand components frequently have to be transported individually to the building site. There the components are then fitted together. In that respect in the meantime loads of 50 tons and more certainly have to be lifted. 
     On the other hand loads also have to be lifted to a considerable height of over 100 meters. Admittedly winches are known in wind power installations, but those winches are mostly disposed in the rear part of the pod of the wind power installation. 
     In addition a load-lifting apparatus on a wind power installation is known from WO 96/10130. In that known load-lifting apparatus, a winch is arranged on a machine frame. A hauling cable passes from the winch by way of a pivotable linkage. Such a load-lifting apparatus is provided on any wind power installation. In that respect the size of the load-lifting apparatus provided on any wind power installation is dependent on the required carrying capacity and therefore increases with the size of the wind power installation or with the weight of the components thereof. 
     Alternatively, as will be appreciated, lifting operations are possible using appropriately large cranes with a suitable load-bearing capacity, which once again can only be provided at a high level of complication and expenditure. As the expenditure involved in operating such a crane, that is to say dismantling it, operating it and again setting it up, is considerable, the crane generally remains on a wind power installation until the erection of the installation has progressed to such a degree that the crane is no longer required there. It is only then that the crane is transported to the next building site. In that respect the distance between those building sites represents a secondary consideration for the working operations required for relocating a crane always have to be carried out, irrespective of whether it is relocated only by some hundred meters or by some hundred kilometers. 
     It will be appreciated that the replacement of components of a wind power installation such as for example the rotor blades also requires a crane which has to be transported, with attendant expenditure. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In one aspect, a wind power installation of the kind set forth in the opening part of this specification comprises at least one deflection roller and at least one cable passage in the region of the pylon head for passing therethrough a hauling cable from a winch. 
     In another aspect, a method of fitting/removing components of a wind power installation comprises: 
     laying a hauling cable from the winch to at least one deflection roller in the region of the pylon head and further to the component being fitted/removed, 
     attaching the hauling cable to the component, and 
     releasing and letting down or pulling up and fixing the component. 
     One embodiment is based on the realization that at least a part of the components of a wind power installation can be fitted or replaced even without the aid of a crane if a suitable lifting apparatus is available. The solution according to one embodiment avoids expensive and complicated additional installations on any wind power installation. Nonetheless a versatile lifting apparatus is quickly available at low cost. 
     In another aspect, the winch which is already present in the rear part of the pod can also be used in the front region of the pod without the position of the winch within the pod having to be altered. 
     In another aspect a system comprises a cable passage means in the pod for passing therethrough a hauling cable from a winch at the base of the wind power installation. In that way it is possible to use a sufficiently strong winch with a sufficiently load-bearing hauling cable for lifting and lowering heavy components so that even such components can be fitted or replaced without the use of a crane. It is accordingly completely sufficient for the winch to be transported to the wind power installation, for its hauling cable to be pulled up into the pod with the winch present in the wind power installation, for the hauling cable to be there laid over the deflection roller or rollers, and for the corresponding fitting/removal procedures to be carried out. In that respect the expense involved in transporting a winch is naturally considerably lower than that involved in transporting a sufficiently powerful and in particular sufficiently large crane. 
     In another embodiment of the invention there is provided a holding arrangement for an additional winch, the holding arrangement being fixedly connected to the foundation. That also already attains the object of reliably anchoring that winch in a simple fashion so that the winch can be correspondingly quickly used when it has arrived at its destination. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the appendant claims. 
       The invention is described in greater detail hereinafter with reference to the Figures in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows a wind power installation having a winch arranged at the base of the pylon, 
         FIG. 2  shows a simplified view in cross-section of the pod with a first embodiment of the invention, and 
         FIG. 3  shows a simplified view in cross-section of the pod with a second embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates another embodiment of a wind power installation. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In  FIG. 1  a pylon  10  of a wind power installation is anchored on a foundation  12 . Disposed at the tip of the pylon  10  is a pod  14  to which a first rotor blade  16  is fixed. 
     At the base of the pylon  10  a winch  18  is also anchored on the foundation  12 . A hauling cable  20  extends from the winch  18  at the rear side of the pylon  10  (for viewing this the front side and the rear side of the pylon  10  are those sides at which the corresponding portions of the pod  14  are disposed) to the pod  14 , it passes through the pod and issues from the pod  14  again at a fitting opening provided for a second rotor blade  17  and extends downwardly to the rotor blade  17  which is fixed to that hauling cable and which is pulled up or let down towards the ground by the winch. Illustrated at the second rotor blade  17  is an arrow  21  which symbolizes the use of a guide cable  21 . The use of a guide cable  21  makes it possible for the rotor blade  17  to be guided in a suitable fashion so that it cannot unintentionally strike against the pylon  10 . In addition such a guide cable  21  can ensure that, when it is being let down, the rotor blade  17  is not set down with its tip on the ground and suffers damage, but it can be pulled in the direction of the arrow and can thus be guided into a horizontal position. 
       FIG. 2  shows a simplified view in cross-section of the pod  14 . This Figure shows the head portion of the pylon  10 . Disposed on that head portion of the pylon  10  is a machine carrier  26  which carries the stator carrier  28  with the stator  30 . The machine carrier  26  also carries a shaft trunnion  32 . Rotatably mounted on the shaft trunnion  32  is the rotor having the rotor blades  16 ,  17  and the rotor member  30  of the generator. 
     Disposed at the side of the machine carrier  26 , which is remote from the stator carrier  28 , is a winch  22  which is already provided as standard in most wind power installations. Also provided there are holding bars  25 , with a first deflection roller  24  being provided at the ends of the holding bars  25 , which are remote from the machine carrier  26 . A second deflection roller  34  is disposed within the shaft trunnion  32 . 
     The Figure also illustrates the hauling cable  20  which passes into the pod  14  at the rear side. In this case the passage opening  35  for that hauling cable  20  can also be a closable opening which is provided in any case beneath the winch  22  in the bottom of the pod  14 . 
     After passing into the pod  14  the hauling cable  20  passes over the first deflection roller  24  through a second cable passage means  36  (the first cable passage means as illustrated in  FIG. 2  is accordingly the passage opening  35  in the bottom of the pod  14 ), through a third cable passage means  37  to the deflection roller  34  and from there to a fourth cable passage means  38  in the shaft trunnion  32 , for example to the rotor blade  17  which is to be moved. 
     Pulling up the hauling cable  20  or letting it down on the way between the pod  14  and the winch  18  on the foundation  12  of the pylon  10  can be assisted by the winch  22 . 
       FIG. 3  shows a second embodiment of the invention. The components in  FIG. 3  are denoted by the same references as those in  FIG. 2 . One difference in relation to the first embodiment of the invention as shown in  FIG. 2  is that in the embodiment of  FIG. 3  the cable of the winch  22  which is provided in any case in the wind power installation is used as the hauling cable  20 . The carrying capacity of that winch is admittedly limited, but nonetheless it is possible to lift components of relatively low weight, for example through the rotor blade opening, into the front part of the pod  14 . Mention may be made here by way of example of a pitch motor (not shown), that is to say a motor which serves to adjust a rotor blade. Otherwise that motor would have to be lifted into the rear part of the pod  14  and from there transported into the front part, in a complicated procedure. That naturally presupposes that the rotor blade opening is open and is not closed off by a rotor blade. 
     As can be clearly seen from  FIG. 3 , the cable run passes from the winch  22  by way of the first deflection roller  24 , through the second cable passage means  36 , the third cable passage means  37 , by way of the second deflection roller  34  and through the fourth cable passage means  38 . 
     In an alternative embodiment, a cable guide means or deflection roller can be arranged above the head portion of the pylon  10  so that the cable  20  can then be let down into the interior of the pylon  10  or pulled up out of same. In that way also loads within the pylon  10 , in particular in the region of the base of the pylon  10 , for example power cabinets, transformers, etc can be raised or lowered if required by way of the cable  20 , which is advantageous if those parts have to be moved out of the base region of the pylon, which is usually effected by way of side doors in the pylon  10  which however are not all at the level of the component in question which is to be replaced. 
     Instead of a simple deflection roller, it is also possible to provide any other kind of cable guide means in which the cable can be guided. For example, any suitable cable guide can be employed to guide the cable  20  into the pylon  10  through the machine carrier  26 . 
     A further alternative can also provide that the winch  18  itself is not disposed outside the pylon  10  but within the pylon  10  in the region of the base thereof. Then the hauling cable  20  is always disposed in a protected condition within the installation and raising and lowering of cargo is possible at a plurality of locations, on the one hand in the region of the rear of the pod (by way of the deflection roller  24 ), at a further location in the region of the hub  19  (by way of the roller  38 ), and it is also possible to lower components within the pylon  10 . 
     It is also possible to provide a further deflection roller (in the manner of the roller  38 ) which is disposed in the region of the hub tip  40  so that the cable  20  can be guided out of the hub  19  of the wind power installation past the rotor blades. In that way loads can then be lifted from the ground into the region of the rotor hub, more specifically also past the rotor blades. If that load is for example a working platform, it is possible for the personnel to move up and down directly at the rotor blades on the outside in order to inspect the rotor blades or if necessary to carry out service or cleaning procedures. 
     It will be appreciated that where necessary, further cable guide or deflection rollers can be provided within the machine carrier  26 , the pylon  10 , the pod  14  or the hub  19  of the pod  14 , without that needing to be particularly mentioned at this juncture. 
     If a winch which is disposed at the base of the wind power installation is used, that also does not necessarily have to be fixedly connected to the foundation of the wind power installation, but can also be mounted in an open condition to a transport vehicle (omitted from the figures for ease of illustration) and can be connected thereto so that highly flexible use of the winch is possible. It is also possible for the winch to be fixed on a support frame structure so that a sufficiently great counterweight is provided when desired. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a wind power installation  100  having a pylon  10  having a head  102 . A vehicle  104  has a winch  106  mounted to it. The vehicle  104  is positioned so that the winch  106  is outside the pylon  10 . A cable  112  is coupled to the winch  106 , passes through a first cable passage means  114 , a second cable passage means  116 , which is located above the head  102  of the pylon  10 , and a third cable passage means  118 . The cable  112  may be used to raise and lower an object inside the pylon  10 , such as a component of the wind power installation  120 . 
     From the foregoing it will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications may be made without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention.