Abstract:
A method for increasing the performance of sulfonylurea and sulfonamide herbicides by using blends of cat-ionic surfactants and basic pH adjustors as adjuvants.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     1) Nalewaja; John D Aug. 19, 1997 U.S. Pat. No. 5,658,855 
     2) M. Green et al., “Surfactant Structure and Concentration Strongly Affect Rimsulfuron Activity”, Weed Technology, 1993, vol. 7:633-640. 
     3) Woznica, Zenon J.; et al. Jul. 3, 2003 Patent Application Number 20030125211. 
     4) Woznica, Zenon J.; et al. Jun. 5, 2003 Patent Application Number 20030104947 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     It is known that increasing the pH of the spray solution for sulfonylurea herbicides increases the performance of these herbicides 1 . This can be achieved by using a number of pH adjustors which can also be applied with fertilizers or adjuvant blends. It is thought that the effect is due to an increase in solubility of these types of herbicides as the pH increases (WSSA  Herbicide  Handbook—7th Edition, 1994). This invention pertains to the use of a pH adjustor in a blend of cat-ionic surfactants. It was discovered that Sulfosulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicides, performed better when the pH adjustor was combined with a cat-ionic surfactant (amine) rather than an oil or a blend of non-Ionic surfactants as taught by Nalewaja et. al. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to adjuvant compositions for use in the spray carrier of post emergence herbicides applied as an aqueous spray solution to crops infested with undesired weeds to control the infesting weeds. Broadly, the adjuvant compositions of the invention comprise an amine or ammonia compounds for adjusting the pH to the alkaline range of 9-10.5 and a cat-ionic surface active agent with a high Hydrophilic-Lipophilic balance (HLB), which functions as a spreader or sticker and penetrant for use with postemergence sulfonylurea and sulfonamide herbicides when applied in a aqueous spray composition. 
     Normally the adjuvant is applied as 0.5% v/v (volume to volume) of the aqueous spray solution. In other words, the present invention is diluted with water (99.5%) to which is added the desired herbicide, normally sulfosulfuron. However, increases in activity have been seen with other sulfonylurea or sulfonamide herbicides. Sulfonylurea herbicides contemplated herein include sulfosulfuron, triasulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron, halosulfuron, metsulfuron, thifensulfuron, tribenuron, bensulfuron, primisulfuron, and nicosulfuron. Sulfonamide herbicides contemplated herein include propoxycarbazone-sodium and cloransulam-methyl. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention pertains to the unexpected increase in activity seen when sulfosulfuron was applied with a cat-ionic surfactant plus a pH adjustor that increased the pH to a pH of 9-10.5 (Table 1). As opposed to the increase in activity that was predicted to happen when applied with an oil based or non-ionic surfactant with a pH adjustor as taught by Nalewaja et. al. 
     This effect has been seen with both wild oat ( Avena fatua ) Table 1 and downy brome ( Bromus tectorum ) Table 2. The increase in activity has been seen with different formulation of tallow amine cat-ionic surfactant and a pH increasing additive (Table 3). 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 The Efficacy (Percent Control) of Sulfosulfuron as Affected 
               
               
                 by Differing Spray Adjuvants Applied to Wild Oats. 
               
               
                 Use Rate of Sulfosulfuron 0.66 oz/Acre. Days After Treatment (DAT). 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Wild Oat 
                 Wild Oat 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 % Control 
                 % Control 
               
               
                   
                 Herbicide 
                 Adjuvant 
                 14 DAT 
                 28 DAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Sulfosulfuron 
                 Quad 7* 
                 48% 
                 62% 
               
               
                   
                 Sulfosulfuron 
                 AQ118** 
                 75% 
                 98% 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *Quad 7: Crop Oil plus nitrogen fertilizer to increase pH and herbicidal activity. 
               
               
                 **AQ118: Tallow Amine (cat-ionic surfactant) plus Aqua Ammonia. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 The Efficacy (Percent Control) of Sulfosulfuron and 
               
               
                 Propoxycarbazone-sodium Applied with Differing Spray 
               
               
                 Adjuvants to Downy Brome ( Bromus tectorum ). 
               
               
                 Ratings made 21 and 68 Days After Treatment (DAT 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Downy Brome 
                 Downy Brome 
               
               
                   
                   
                 % Control 
                 % Control 
               
               
                 Herbicide 
                 Adjuvant 
                 21 DAT 
                 68 DAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Sulfosulfuron 
                 *AQ117 
                 78% 
                 97% 
               
               
                 Sulfosulfuron 
                 **R-11 
                 52% 
                 62% 
               
               
                 Propoxycarbazone 
                 AQ117 
                 73% 
                 90% 
               
               
                 Propoxycarbazone 
                 R-11 
                 52% 
                 67% 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *AQ117: Tallow Amine (cat-ionic surfactant) plus Aqua Ammonia. 
               
               
                 **R-11: Non-Ionic surfactant 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 The Efficacy (Percent Control) of Sulfosulfuron Applied with Differing 
               
               
                 Spray Adjuvants to Downy Brome ( Bromus tectorum ). 
               
               
                 Ratings made 17 and 68 Days After Treatment (DAT 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Downy Brome 
                 Downy Brome 
               
               
                   
                   
                 % Control 
                 % Control 
               
               
                 Herbicide 
                 Adjuvant 
                 17 DAT 
                 87 DAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Sulfosulfuron 
                 *AQ103 
                 30% 
                 92% 
               
               
                 Sulfosulfuron 
                 **AQ104 
                 30% 
                 90% 
               
               
                 Sulfosulfuron 
                 ***R-11 
                  5% 
                 77% 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *AQ103: Tallow Amine (cat-ionic surfactant) plus Aqua Ammonia. 
               
               
                 **AQ104: Tallow Amine (cat-ionic surfactant) plus Aqua Ammonia. 
               
               
                 ***R-11: Non-Ionic surfactant 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The constituents of the proposed mixture are normally made up of cat-ionic amine surfactant and a pH adjustor that increases the pH. The cat-ionic surfactant Alkyl Dimethylamines, Alkyl Amidopropylamines, Alkyl Imidazoline, Derivatives Quaternised, Amine Ethoxylates, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. In certain embodiments, the alkaline pH adjustor includes, but is not limited to: ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, the cationic surfactant includes, but is not limited to: tallow amine, tallow diamine, coco amines, ether amines, and mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, the adjuvant blend comprises vegetable oils and mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, the adjuvant blend comprises modified vegetable oils selected from the group consisting of methylated, ethylated and butylated seed oils and mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments, the herbicide includes but is not limited to sulfonylurea herbicides such as sulfosulfuron, triasulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron, halosulfuron, metsulfuron, thifensulfuron, tribenuron, bensulfuron, primisulfuron, and nicosulfuron. In certain embodiments, the herbicide includes but is not limited to sulfonamide herbicides such as propoxycarbazone-sodium, and cloransulam-methyl. In certain embodiments, the mixture may contain a linear alcohol ethyoxylate.