Abstract:
The invention relates to a family of devices to be used for sanitizing switches. The device is placed around the periphery of the switch and contains a means for exposing the switch touch surfaces to UV light source local to the switch in order to maximize the exposure of the switch to the UV light source. Because the light is localized and directed toward the switch contact surfaces, the device may be used continuously while humans or animals are present without detrimental exposure to the UV light, ensuring a sanitary switch contact surface so as to reduce or prevent infection or disease resulting from transference of contamination from one person to another via contact transference with said switch surface.

Description:
PRIORITY INFORMATION 
       [0001]    The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/851,281 titled “Switch Sanitizing Device” of Moskowitz, et al. filed on Mar. 5, 2013, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to UV light sources that are designed to bathe or expose switch contact surfaces in UV light. The invention combines the germicidal or sanitizing effectiveness of UV electromagnetic radiation, with novel routing and shield of said radiation in a region local to the switch contact surface so as to sanitize the contact surface of the switch or switches of interest without harmful or significant exposure of humans or animals to the UV radiation. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Infectious disease (ID) transmission by way of contact transmission is a significant problem. The most important and frequent mode of transmission of nosocomial infections is by direct contact. Contact transmission may occur either through direct contact with an infected person (direct contact transmission) or may occur by way indirect contact transmission which involves contact of a susceptible host with a contaminated intermediate object that is typically in a public or common area of usage. These contact surfaces are often easily contaminated and may represent vectors for contamination that can lead to the spread of disease through contact transference of contamination. 
         [0004]    Light switches, elevator call buttons, elevator panel buttons, security key pads, toilet flush switch buttons are a few examples of contact surfaces that are typical vectors for indirect contact transmission of infectious disease. For example, influenza viruses may be transferred via indirect contact transmission. It is estimated by the US Center for Disease Control (CDC) that influenza viruses affect 5% to 20% of the U.S population each year. The CDC also estimates that more than 200,000 people a year are hospitalized due to flu complications, and approximately 36,000 die from influenza related infection. 
         [0005]    Contamination, such as an influenza virus, transfers indirectly from an infected person or object to another person by way of a contaminated touch surface. Said contamination can enter one&#39;s body when hands that have previously touched an infected touch surface also touch the mouth, nose or other area of entry for the contaminant to enter one&#39;s body. Other contaminants, that are easily transferred via indirect contact transference include, but are not limited to bacteria such as Methicillin-Resistant  Staphylococcus Aureus  (MRSA), or  Clostridium Difficile  (C. dif. or CDF), or the like. 
         [0006]    Contact transference of contamination can be especially problematic in hospitals and other care facilities as well as in heavily trafficked public areas such as subway stations or the like. These communal facilities are characterized by numerous contamination vectors, many of which involve indirect contamination transference from one person to another via touch surfaces. 
         [0007]    As an example, according to the CDC, approximately 1 out of every 20 hospital patients will experience a hospital acquired infection (HAI) and cost U.S. hospitals as much as $45 B per annually. In 2002 the estimated number of HAIs in U.S. hospitals was estimated to be 1.7 M with nearly 100,000 of these HAIs resulting in death with the average cost per HAI on the order of $25,000 (2002 basis). HAI has become such a significant expense that section 5001(c) of the Deficit Reduction Act states that hospitals will no longer receive reimbursement from CMS for selected conditions related to HAI, adding significant economic burden to numerous U.S. hospitals. 
         [0008]    Unfortunately, many of the potential contamination transference vectors characteristic of healthcare facilities and public or common areas are not adequately addressed. It is an object of the present invention to enable the reduction or elimination of transference related contamination from select touch points, including but not limited to electrical switches, and push button switches, such as common light switches, elevator call buttons, elevator panel buttons, toilet flush switches or buttons and the like, in a manner that is efficient, effective and economical. 
         [0009]    Electrical or electronic switches (such as light switches, elevator switches, and the like), in common areas such as hotels, typically are contaminated. Said contamination may be transferred from one user of the switch to another at the contact surface of the switch when it is used. This contamination transference vector is thought to contribute to the transfer of myriad communicable diseases. Thus, an effective means of keeping the contact surfaces of switches disinfected is needed. 
         [0010]    Manual cleaning of switches is the current state of the art for disinfecting switch contact surfaces. This method requires diligence in order to insure that the entire contact surface of each switch is disinfected. This method is labor intensive, and is therefore costly. It also is typically not consistent and validation tools, such as testing the contact surface after cleaning for microbial substances, are typically not used to verify that cleaning was effective. Additionally, since cleaning is not typically performed after each contact, there is no way to ensure that the surface is disinfected with each contact. 
         [0011]    Other methods include use of antiseptic sprays or chemical foggers (e.g., peroxide “bombs” and the like). These methods typically are used to disinfect an entire enclosure and thus, are expensive and must be applied frequently. Additionally, since these disinfection methods are not typically performed after each contact, there is no way to ensure that the surface is disinfected prior to each contact. 
         [0012]    Use of UV light has been shown to be effective at killing or passivation of most microbial substances that are known to cause infection or disease. Ultraviolet or UV light is typically divided into three subcategories depending upon the wavelength of the light or electromagnetic radiation comprising the spectrum of said light. These categories are typically known as UV A, UV B or UV C. UV A is generally comprised of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation mainly in the range of 315 nm to 400 nm, while UV B is generally comprised of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation mainly in the range of 280 nm to 315 nm and UV C is generally comprised of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation (EM) mainly in the range of 100 nm or 200 nm to 280 nm. Of these three types of ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation, UV C is generally considered to have the greatest efficacy in killing or in passivating germs that are responsible for disease or infection. For example, germicidal UV radiation of 254 nm wavelength is generally accepted to begin killing or passivating microbes with an exposure of about 2,000 μW-s/cm 2  with complete elimination or passivation occurring by exposures in the range of about 12,000 μW-s/cm 2 . Additionally, wavelengths of EM in the UV C range, especially near and below 100 nm to 200 nm can create ozone that is also an effective germicide. As a result, an effective means of disinfection has been termed UVGI or ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, which uses UV C to effectively kill or passivate surfaces from germs that cause disease or infection. 
         [0013]    Unfortunately, UV C also has issues. It is attenuated at a relatively high rate in Earth&#39;s atmosphere. It is also harmful to the eyes and skin of humans and animals. Any ozone generated may also be destructive to the lungs of humans or animals. The availability of UV C light sources is also limited and UV C light sources tend to be expensive, relatively inefficient and low powered. Therefore it is important that the UV C source used to disinfect a surface be in close proximity to the surface and that the UV C irradiation be as direct as practicable, and of an appropriate intensity, duration and overall exposure in order to impart sufficient radiation to the surface so as to ensure sufficient sanitization of said surface. It is also important that the UV C radiation be contained enough such that the risk of deleterious exposure to humans or animals is kept to levels that are not significant enough to cause harm to humans or animals. Therefore, it is important to use UV C lights that are of relatively low intensity, that are in close proximity and with suitable angle of incidence to the surface of interest to be decontaminated. It is also important that the UV C source used to sanitize switch contact surfaces be designed to largely contain the UV C radiation so as to minimize UV C exposure of humans and animals to levels that are insignificant. 
         [0014]    Several patents that are of interest to the present invention are discussed below. U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,692,172 and 8,097,861, by Leben, teach of a system used to sanitize an enclosed structure using a germicidal ultraviolet light source. The invention sanitizes the entire, human sized enclosure and utilizes at least two sensors, the first to detect the presence or absence of humans or animals within the enclosure and the second to detect the position of the door of the enclosure. The system taught in the patent would be unnecessarily expensive, requiring UV light sources of relatively high intensity, complex electronic logic systems and sensors and only works in the absence of humans or animals, thus not always ensuring a sanitized enclosure when used (e.g., if an elevator is continuously used, the sensors would constantly detect either the presence of humans or animals, or would detect that the door to the enclosure is open or both, and the sanitizing system would not be activated even though the enclosure may be contaminated and need to be sanitized. Additionally, this system is limited in the case of an elevator or the like as it would do nothing to sanitize anything outside the elevator enclosure (e.g., the elevator call buttons or the like). 
         [0015]    U.S. Pat. No. 8,143,596 and Published US Patent Application US 2012/0181447, by Yerby, teach of a rigid opaque enclosure open at a door side thereof. An enclosure door is adapted to selectively close the door side of the enclosure. At least one UV bulb is fixed to at least one bulb fixture within the enclosure and extends at least partially into the open internal space of the enclosure. A cage is fixed around each sanitizer bulb. An article fastener is fixed with the cage and is adapted to be selectively fastened to the article for securing the article thereto. An electronic circuit is electrically connected to each sanitizer bulb and is adapted to power each bulb for a present period of time. A switch may be included proximate the door and adapted to electrically close when the door is closed to prevent bulb activation when the door is open. A wheeled support stand may be fixed with the enclosure. The device taught is useful for improving exposure of the article to be sanitized, and thus the sanitizing process especially in the regions of the article where sanitizing is most needed, since the UV light source is in a relatively close proximity to said article and said regions. However, the device described in the patent is rigid and opaque and cannot be used in a manner that allows human or animal access to a contact surface that is inside the volume exposed during the sanitizing process. Thus a switch or other object requiring manual human interaction could not be operated in a normal manner without opening or removing the rigid opaque enclosure from said object thus making it impractical to sanitize the contact surface of said object after each use. 
         [0016]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,834,335, and published US Patent Application US 2010/0102252 by Harmon and Douglas teach a convenient mobile sterilization device that provides secure storage in a niche in a protective housing using a one-button action to automatically deploy and activate the sanitizing device for quick and powerful destruction of germs on a surface using one hand. Users can hold the UV-light device and move it across a target surface to sterilize or disinfect the surface. The device may be compact, easily deployed, provided with a durable cover for secure storage, and equipped with safety shut-off features to prevent unwanted uses. The invention taught is useful for sterilization of small objects and is small. However, the device described in the patent completely encloses the object to be sanitized and thus cannot be used in a manner that allows human or animal access to a contact surface that is inside the volume exposed during the sanitizing process. Thus a switch or other object requiring manual human interaction could not be operated in a normal manner without opening or removing the rigid enclosure from said object, thus making it impractical to sanitize the contact surface of said object after each use. 
         [0017]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,923,367 by Grossman and Schumann, teaches of a safety mailbox system including a mailbox container integrated with at least one decontaminating mechanism. Contaminants may include chemical and biological agents. The invention taught is useful for sterilization of mail and likely could be modified to effectively disinfect myriad small objects. However, the device described in the patent completely encloses the object to be sanitized and thus cannot be used in a manner that allows human or animal access to a contact surface that is inside the volume exposed during the sanitizing process. Thus a switch or other object requiring manual human interaction could not be operated in a normal manner without opening or removing the rigid enclosure from said object, thus making it impractical to sanitize the contact surface of said object after each use. 
         [0018]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,605,260 by Busted, teaches of an apparatus for sterilizing a member that includes a housing, with an enclosure defined therein, a source of ultraviolet light for illuminating the member, and an ozone source. A pump is connected to the ozone source to force the ozone to flow within the enclosure, and a heating device heats the ozone flow. The invention taught is useful for sterilization of myriad small devices. However, the device described in the patent completely encloses the object to be sanitized and thus cannot be used in a manner that allows human or animal access to a contact surface that is inside the volume exposed during the sanitizing process. Thus a switch or other object requiring manual human interaction could not be operated in a normal manner without opening or removing the rigid enclosure from said object, thus making it impractical to sanitize the contact surface of said object after each use. 
         [0019]    Published US Patent Application 2011/0291995 by Shr, et al., teaches of a sterilizing device comprising a light guiding member and an ultraviolet (UV) light source. The light guiding member has a surface. The UV light source emits UV light rays such that the UV light rays are guided into the guiding member based on total internal reflection. When an object contacts or comes close to the surface, an evanescent wave from the UV light rays irradiates on the object. This device may be useful for sanitizing a contact surface, but the surface to be sanitized necessarily must be a light guide having total internal reflection. This is impractical in the case of the contact surface of a switch as it would be unnecessarily large and complex and would require replacement of the switch in the case of a retrofitting application. Specialized materials would be necessary as well and the efficacy of this device for sanitizing is unproven. Additionally, the danger of UV exposure to humans or animals by this device is questionable. 
         [0020]    Published US Patent Application 2011/0158862, by Kim, et al., teaches of an escalator handrail sterilizer which is installed close to an inlet or outlet of an escalator handrail, and cleans and sterilizes the handrail moving in or out. The sterilizer comprises a case which is prepared for surrounding the escalator handrail, a chemical spray unit which is prepared in one end inside the case to spray chemicals on the handrail moving in, an ultraviolet ray irradiation unit which is prepared in the other end inside the case to project ultraviolet rays on the chemical-sprayed handrail, a drying unit which dries the chemicals sprayed on the handrail, a control unit which controls the chemical spray unit, the UV irradiation unit and the drying unit, and a cover which is prepared in both ends of the case in order to prevent foreign materials from flowing into the case. This device, while highly valuable for sanitizing a moving handrail as used on an escalator, would not be suitable for sanitizing a switch contact surface as it requires that the surface to be sanitized move through the sanitizing unit and it would be impractical to move the switch or the sanitizing unit in this manner between each use of said switch. 
         [0021]    Published US Patent Application 2007/0258852, by Hootsmans, et al., teaches of a passenger interface device that includes at least one input member having a contact surface that is adapted to be touched by an individual. A disinfectant is on the contact surface and the disinfectant comprises a radiation-activated material. A source of radiation irradiates the disinfectant to disinfect the contact surface of the passenger interface device. In one example, titanium dioxide is used as a photo-catalyst that disinfects the contact surface responsive to ultraviolet light radiation. This device requires that a permanent disinfectant coating on the contact surface of the switch and that it be irradiated with a light source. One embodiment irradiates the contact surface from behind, requiring the light of suitable intensity to activate the disinfectant. This would necessitate that the light illuminate directly outward from the contact surface which could provide hazardous exposure to humans or animals. Additionally, the disinfectant coating may be impractical to use, requiring switch replacement or difficult and expensive application of the coating that may result in non-satisfactory appearance or functionality. Furthermore, proper use of high energy radiation (UV C or the like) does not require a photo-catalyst or other disinfectant coating in order to sanitize a surface. 
         [0022]    Published US Patent Application 2012/0241284, by Kobayashi, et al., teaches of a sterilization and cleaning device of an escalator including a hand rail; a plasma source for irradiating the hand rail with ions or radicals or UV light; and enclosure for housing plasma; a fan for generating relatively negative pressure in the enclosure; filter units for removing removed bacteria, viruses and organic matter such as hand marks; and filter plates located backward and forward of a moving direction of the hand rail in the enclosure along the hand rail. This device is for sanitizing a moving handrail as used on an escalator. As such, it would not be suitable for sanitizing a switch contact surface as it requires that the surface to be sanitized move through the sanitizing unit and it would be impractical to move the switch or the sanitizing unit in this manner between each use of said switch. 
         [0023]    Published US Patent Application 2012/0217415, by Wormely, teaches of a device named the “Clean as a Whistle Cleaning System”, which is claimed to be a product that will sanitize and deodorize whistles with the use of a liquid. Accordingly the product accomplishes this goal by the use of unique ultraviolet bulb. The bulb is powered by AA batteries which work in conjunction with the circuit board. The compact and very portable units are equipped with a power button that starts the cleaning process and automatically shuts off the units after the cleaning process has been completed. The process is claimed to take no longer than 15 minutes to complete. In addition, it is claimed that the units are also designed to so additional sanitized whistles. The invention taught is useful for sterilization of whistles and could likely be applied to clean the contact surfaces of myriad small objects. However, the device described in the patent completely encloses the object to be sanitized and thus cannot be used in a manner that allows human or animal access to a contact surface that is inside the volume exposed during the sanitizing process. Thus a switch or other object requiring manual human interaction could not be operated in a normal manner without opening or removing the rigid enclosure from said object, thus making it impractical to sanitize the contact surface of said object after each use. 
         [0024]    Published US Patent Application US 2008/0197226, by Cooper and Chen, teaches of a cord reel sanitizer that includes a spool for windingly receiving a cord within a spool housing interior and a sanitizer for sanitizing the spool housing interior. According to one embodiment, the sanitizer includes an ultraviolet lamp generating ultraviolet radiation, most preferably having a wavelength between approximately 250 and 260 nanometers, and a reflector redirecting ultraviolet radiation toward the spool housing interior. A control system for activating the sanitizer may include a manual actuation switch or, alternatively, may sense when a cord is unwound from the spool to activate the sanitizer. The control system may be adapted to activate the sanitizer during a predetermined activation time period. The control system may include a light indicator for visually signaling during activation of the sanitizer. The spool housing may define first and second cord openings for respective passage of first and second ends of a cord to an exterior of the spool housing. The device described in the patent completely encloses the object to be sanitized and thus cannot be used in a manner that allows human or animal access to a contact surface that is inside the volume exposed during the sanitizing process. Thus a switch or other object requiring manual human interaction could not be operated in a normal manner without opening or removing the rigid enclosure from said object, thus making it impractical to sanitize the contact surface of said object after each use. This device would not be suitable for sanitizing a switch contact surface as it requires that the surface to be sanitized move into and out of the sanitizing unit in order to be used and it would be impractical to move the switch or the sanitizing unit in this manner between each use of said switch. 
         [0025]    U.S. Pat. No. 8,598,539, by Chuang, teaches of a germicidal device for elevator buttons includes a casing and a lamp tube installed inside the casing and capable of emitting germicidal light. The casing can be fixedly mounted on an elevator control panel for the germicidal light emitted from the lamp tube to project onto all elevator buttons on the elevator control panel, so as to continuously kill any germs on the elevator buttons. The casing is provided on a bottom with an elongated slot, via which the germicidal light emitted from the lamp tube is outward projected onto all the elevator buttons. The lamp tube can be a UV germicidal lamp tube for emitting UV germicidal light. The device taught in the patent has several major drawbacks. The UV light source illuminates from one direction only such that elevator buttons nearest said source receive a much greater level of germicidal UV radiation than the button further from said source. Additionally, the angle of incidence of said UV radiation is extremely low, if not completely horizontal. Thus, the intensity of the light source used would have to be extremely, if not infinitely large. Additionally, this approach will not work if the elevator buttons are flush mounted or recess mounted or the like as the UV radiation will be shielded by the panel. Additionally, anyone using any of the elevator buttons would be exposed to a potentially prohibitive dose of UV radiation as the UV light source would have to be extremely, if not infinitely intense in order to have any germicidal effect upon the elevator buttons at all. 
         [0026]    As such, a need exists for an improved sanitizing device for use with a switch or other contact surfaces. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0027]    Objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention. 
         [0028]    In one aspect, the present subject matter is directed to a switch sanitizing device. The device may generally include a plate defining a switch aperture and a switch extending through the switch aperture. The switch may be moveable between an off-position and an on-position. In addition, the switch may include a first sanitizing source positioned on the device such that UV electromagnetic radiation from the first sanitizing source is directed to a first contact surface area on the switch and a second sanitizing source positioned on the device such that UV electromagnetic radiation from the second sanitizing source is directed to a second contact surface area on the switch. 
         [0029]    Other features and aspects of the present invention are discussed in greater detail below. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0030]    A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof to one skilled in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, which includes reference to the accompanying figures. 
           [0031]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an illustrative example of the invented switch sanitizer, in accordance with the present invention, designed for use with a typical light switch. 
           [0032]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a second illustrative example of the invented switch sanitizer, in accordance with the present invention, designed for use with a typical light switch. 
           [0033]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a third illustrative example of the invented switch sanitizer, in accordance with the present invention, designed for use with a push button type switch such as an elevator call button or the like. 
           [0034]      FIG. 4  is a front view of a fourth illustrative example of the invented switch sanitizer, in accordance with the present invention, designed for use with one or more push button type switch(es) such as an elevator panel or similar switch array or the like. 
           [0035]      FIG. 5  is a front view of a fifth and a sixth illustrative example of the invented switch sanitizer, in accordance with the present invention, designed for use with one or more push button type switch(es) such as an elevator panel or similar switch array or the like. 
           [0036]      FIG. 6  is a sketch of an illustrative example of a switch sanitizer device showing a front view and a cross section view divided on line  601 , in accordance with the present invention, utilizing a fiber optic type germicidal UV light source. 
           [0037]      FIG. 7  is a sketch of a second illustrative example of a switch sanitizer device showing a front view and a cross section view divided on line  701 , in accordance with the present invention, utilizing a chip type light emitting diode type germicidal UV light source. 
           [0038]      FIG. 8  is a sketch of a third illustrative example of a switch sanitizer device showing a front view and a cross section view divided on line  801 , in accordance with the present invention, utilizing an angled chip type light emitting diode type germicidal UV light source. 
           [0039]      FIG. 9  is a sketch of a fourth illustrative example of a switch sanitizer device showing a front view and a cross section view divided on line  901 , in accordance with the present invention, utilizing an angled fiber optic type germicidal UV light source. 
           [0040]      FIG. 10  is a sketch of a fifth illustrative example of a switch sanitizer device showing a front view and a cross section view divided on line  901 , in accordance with the present invention, utilizing an angled chip type light emitting diode type germicidal UV light source. 
           [0041]      FIG. 11  shows another exemplary switch sanitizer device having a pair of sanitizing lights positioned opposite a light switch. 
           [0042]      FIG. 12  shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary sanitizing light for use in the embodiment shown in  FIG. 11 . 
           [0043]      FIG. 13A  shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary switch sanitizer device of  FIG. 11  in an on-position. 
           [0044]      FIG. 13B  shows a cross-sectional view of the exemplary switch sanitizer device of  FIG. 11  in an off-position. 
           [0045]      FIG. 14A  shows an electrical diagram of the exemplary switch sanitizer device of  FIG. 11  in the on-position. 
           [0046]      FIG. 14B  shows an electrical diagram of the exemplary switch sanitizer device of  FIG. 11  in the off-position. 
       
    
    
       [0047]    Repeat use of a reference character in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent the same or analogous feature or element. Additionally, it is noted that the embodiments shown are not drawn to scale, and therefore are not intended to be limited by the relative size of the various components shown. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION 
       [0048]    The following description and other modifications and variations to the present invention may be practiced by those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that aspects of the various embodiments may be interchanged both in whole or in part. Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the following description is by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the invention. 
         [0049]    Generally, the present invention addresses the need for sanitization or decontamination of the contact areas of manual electronic switches by providing a localized source of germicidal electromagnetic radiation that is directed toward said contact surfaces. For example, the germicidal electromagnetic radiation can be directed via one or more of either mirrors or fiber optic elements or other means of changing the direction of electromagnetic radiation (EM) in an intentionally controlled manner. 
         [0050]    The switches are designed specifically to expose the switch contact surfaces to the light source without appreciable exposure of humans or animals to the light source, having an angle of incidence equal to or exceeding 2° and equal to or less than 90° and exposing the contact surface(s) to be sanitized to more than 2,000 μW-s/cm 2  per treatment regime, while limiting exposure outside the region to be sanitized to less than 2,000 μW-s/cm 2  per interaction with said switch. This is accomplished through design of one or more of the factors of lighting angle, light shielding, light routing, or strategically turning the light on and off in a region local to the switch or switches. As such, a device is generally provided in one embodiment, to encapsulate the majority of the germicidal EM radiation produced to within the volume surrounded by said device such that minimal germicidal EM escapes from said volume. The device is open on at least one surface of said volume so as to enable manual access to the switch contact surface(s) so as to allow actuation of said switch. In order to enable said sanitization of said contact surfaces in an effective manner, the volume surrounded by the device is minimized such that the intensity of the EM germicidal source may be kept to a minimum thereby minimizing the intensity of any germicidal EM that may escape the device fixture that could possibly expose humans or animals to said germicidal EM. The amount of germicidal EM that escapes said device fixture is further minimized by design of the fixture as the fixture is designed to reflect the majority of the EM germicidal radiation emitted by the source of said EM germicidal radiation toward the switch contact surfaces or to within the volume surrounded by said device fixture. 
         [0051]    The UV light source is preferably UV C, having a significant portion of light output in the region of 100 nm to 400 nm wavelength, preferably 200 to 300 nm wavelength, more preferably 250 nm to 260 nm wavelength. The light sources are local to the switch, with light outputs being no more than 6 inches from the switch, preferably no more than 1 to 3 inches from the switch and most preferably no more than 0.75 inches from the switch. 
         [0052]    Additional means of reducing or eliminating unwanted germicidal EM radiation exposure of humans or animals may be incorporated into the invented device as well. Certain embodiments of this invention may also include functions that time the duration of illumination from the light source, or that turns off said illumination source when humans or animals are present, or when a finger, or the like, is in relatively close proximity (less than 6 inches away from said illumination source) to said device or similar, in order to ensure that the exposure of said contact surfaces to UV radiation is sufficient to sanitize the contact surface but exposure of humans and animals is further limited so as to minimize exposure of humans or animals to said radiation. Additional automation of the device to turn said illumination source on and off in the presence of humans or animals can further reduce or completely eliminate exposure of said humans or animals to said illumination source so as to further reduce or completely eliminate any exposure of said animals or humans to said illumination source. 
         [0053]    Certain embodiments of this invention may include anti-reflective coatings on the switch contact surfaces, and or other portions of the interior surfaces of the surfaces that are surrounded by the positioning of said device in order to minimize escape of said radiation to the outside of said positioning. Using said device will enable use of a germicidal illumination source of minimum power, thus saving cost and energy, while being effective at sanitizing switch contact surfaces in a manner keeps said radiation localized to said switch contact surfaces in a manner that ensures non-hazardous exposure of humans or animals to said radiation. 
         [0054]    In one embodiment, the switch sanitizer disclosed herein includes a germicidal UV light source mounted around an electrical or electronic switch and the area associated with touch points of said switch so as to sanitize said switch and said associated touch point areas. As such, the transference of active contamination species, known to be responsible for transmission of infectious disease, by way of sanitation can be reduced using germicidal UV light and/or the associated ozone generated by said germicidal UV light. The device is designed so as to enable effective sanitation of a switch device using a relatively low intensity germicidal UV light source, in local proximity to the switch and its associated contact surface areas. The light source is designed so as to direct the germicidal UV light toward said contact surface areas of said switch in a manner that is effective for sanitation of the switch and said contact surfaces, with minimal escape of the germicidal UV radiation to outside the device fixture so as to limit exposure of humans and animals to said germicidal UV radiation. 
         [0055]    Additional means of reducing or eliminating unwanted germicidal EM radiation exposure of humans or animals may be incorporated into the invented device as well. Certain embodiments of this invention may also include functions that time the duration of illumination from the light source, or that turns off said illumination source when humans or animals are present, or when a finger, or the like, is in relatively close proximity (less than 6 inches away from said illumination source) to said device or similar, in order to ensure that the exposure of said contact surfaces to UV radiation is sufficient to sanitize the contact surface but exposure of humans and animals is further limited so as to minimize exposure of humans or animals to said radiation. Additional automation of the device to turn said illumination source on and off in the presence of humans or animals can further reduce or completely eliminate exposure of said humans or animals to said illumination source so as to further reduce or completely eliminate any exposure of said animals or humans to said illumination source, the light source having an angle of incidence between 2° and 90° and exposing the contact surface(s) to be sanitized to more than 2,000 μW-s/cm 2  per treatment regime, while limiting exposure outside the region to be sanitized to less than 2,000 μW-s/cm 2  per interaction with said switch. 
         [0056]    While the disclosure is given with reference to a particular type switch sanitizing device, it is to be understood that the disclosure relates to all types of switch sanitizing devices that locally sanitize contact surfaces in a localized or surrounded volume, using germicidal EM radiation, while allowing manual access to said contact surface so as to allow manual actuation of an electrical or electronic switch, while minimizing the escape of said germicidal EM radiation to levels that are not hazardous to humans or animals. For example, the device may be useful for sanitizing electronic or electrical switches such as common light switches, elevator call buttons, elevator panel buttons, security panel buttons or switches, access panel buttons or switches, and the like and is not limited to type of switch or panel or display or the like. Additionally, the device is useful for sanitizing mechanical actuators such as toilet flush manual override switches or the like. 
         [0057]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , an embodiment of the invented device  120  is mounted around the periphery of a common electrical light switch  100  so as to bound the periphery of the contact surface area  110  of said light switch  100  and to provide a means for illumination of said contact surface area  110  by germicidal UV radiation so as to keep contact area  110  sanitized. 
         [0058]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , a second embodiment of the invented device  220  is mounted around a portion of the periphery of a common electrical light switch  200  so as to bound a portion of the periphery of the contact surface area  210  of said light switch  200  and to provide a means for illumination of said contact surface area  210  by germicidal UV radiation so as to keep contact area  210  sanitized. 
         [0059]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , a third embodiment of the invented device  330  is mounted around the periphery of a common push button type electrical or electronic switch  310  so as to bound a portion of the periphery of the contact surface area  320  of said push button type switch  310  and to provide a means for illumination of said contact surface area  320  by germicidal UV radiation so as to keep contact area  320  sanitized. 
         [0060]    Referring to  FIG. 4 , a fourth embodiment of the invented device  430  is mounted around the periphery of each of a common push button type electrical or electronic switch  410  arranged in an array  400  or the like in a manner such as typically used in an elevator panel or the like. The device  430  is designed so as to bound all or a portion of the periphery of each of the contact surface areas  420  of said push button type switch array  400  in order to provide a means for illumination of each of said contact surface areas  420  by germicidal UV radiation so as to keep contact area  420  sanitized. 
         [0061]    Referring to  FIG. 5 , a fifth  530  and a sixth  540  embodiment of the invented device are mounted around a portion of the periphery of an array of one or more common push button type electrical or electronic switches  510  arranged in an array  500  or the like in a manner such as typically used in an elevator panel or the like. Each of the embodiments  530  and  540  is designed so as to bound all or a portion of the periphery of at least an array of the contact surface areas  520  of said push button type switch array  500  in order to provide a means for illumination of said array  500  of said contact surface areas  520  by germicidal UV radiation so as to keep at least the contact areas  520  sanitized. 
         [0062]    Referring to  FIG. 6 , an example of the germicidal UV light sanitizing device utilizing UV C capable fiber optic germicidal light sources and consistent with the invention  600 , is shown. The upper left view is the appearance of the device from the top as installed. The upper right view is the appearance of the base fixture  610  of the device  600 , showing a series of 12 holes  630  to enable feed through of the fiber optic light sources  650 . The bottom left view is a cross section view along line  601  showing the outer fixture  600  being affixed to the base  610  via a fixturing means such as glue, clips, screws, clamps or the like as would be understood by a person of skill in the art. A means  640  for mounting the device to a panel such as those illustrated in  FIG. 3  ( 300 ) or  FIG. 4  ( 400 ) is illustrated. The device is designed so as to surround a button type switch such as  FIG. 3  ( 310 ) or  FIG. 4  ( 410 ) having a hole  620  to surround the volume that the button type switch and associated touch areas  620  comprise. The UV C capable fiber elements  650  are mounted in feed-throughs  630  in a manner that allows germicidal UV C light to beneficially illuminate the inner surface of fixture  600  such that the germicidal EM is reflected beneficially toward said switch contact areas  620  in a manner that sanitizes the said surfaces  620 . The transmitted germicidal UV C EM is directed  660  toward the interior surface of the outer fixture  600  such that said EM is directed toward the contact surfaces  620  with minimal emission of said EM to the exterior of the device  600  as indicated by EM ray  680 . By minimizing the angle of reflection of EM  670  such that minimal EM  680  escapes the fixture  600 , a maximum amount of EM  670  is made available to sanitize the contact areas  620  and a minimum amount of said EM  680  escapes the fixture  600 , reducing the exposure of any humans or animals outside the fixture to a non-deleterious amount. 
         [0063]    Additional means of reducing or eliminating unwanted germicidal EM radiation exposure of humans or animals may be incorporated into the current embodiment as well. The invention may also include functions that time the duration of illumination from the light source, or that turns off said illumination source when humans or animals are present, or when a finger, or the like, is in relatively close proximity (less than 6 inches away from said illumination source) to said device or similar, in order to ensure that the exposure of said contact surfaces  620  to said EM is sufficient to sanitize the contact surface but exposure of humans and animals is further limited so as to minimize exposure of humans or animals to said radiation  680 . Additional automation of the device to turn said illumination source on and off in the presence of humans or animals can further reduce or completely eliminate exposure of said humans or animals to said illumination source  650  so as to further reduce or completely eliminate any exposure of said animals or humans to said illumination source  650 . Additionally, this invention may include anti-reflective coatings on the contact area  620  in order to minimize escape of said radiation to the outside of said fixturing. Using said device will enable use of an EM source  650  of minimum power, thus saving cost and energy, while being effective at sanitizing switch contact surfaces  620  in a manner keeps said radiation  670  localized to said switch contact surfaces  620  in a manner that ensures non-hazardous exposure levels of humans or animals to said radiation  680 . Other light sources may also be used in order to provide additional functionalities such visible light LEDs so as to provide optical illumination or the like. 
         [0064]    Referring to  FIG. 7  an example of the germicidal UV light sanitizing device utilizing germicidal UV C chip type light emitting diodes (LEDs) EM light sources and consistent with the invention  700 , is shown. The upper left view is the appearance of the device from the top as installed. The upper right view is the appearance of the base fixture  710  of the device  700 , showing a series of 12 LEDs  730  mounted physically to base  710  to provide said EM light sources  730 . The bottom left view is a cross section view along line  701  showing the outer fixture  700  being affixed to the base  710  via a fixturing means such as glue, clips, screws, clamps or the like as would be understood by a person of skill in the art. A means  740  for mounting the device to a panel such as those illustrated in  FIG. 3  ( 300 ) or  FIG. 4  ( 400 ) is illustrated. The device is designed so as to surround a button type switch such as  FIG. 3  ( 310 ) or  FIG. 4  ( 410 ) having a hole  720  in its central region so as to surround the volume that the button type switch and associated touch areas  720  comprise. The UV C capable LEDs  730  are mounted to base  710  in a manner that allows germicidal UV C light  760  to beneficially illuminate the inner surface of fixture  700  such that the germicidal EM is reflected beneficially toward said switch contact areas  720  in a manner that sanitizes the said surfaces  720 . Power to the LEDs  730  is provided to the LEDs by an electrical transmission means  750 , such as a feed through device or that like as would be well understood by a person of skill in the art. The electrical transmission means may include additional circuitry, as would be understood by one of skill in the art, so as to distribute electricity to each of the LEDs  730  so as to enable appropriate illumination of all of the LEDs  730 . The transmitted germicidal UV C EM  760  is directed  770  toward the interior surface of the outer fixture  700  such that said EM  760  is directed toward the contact surfaces  720  with minimal emission of said EM to the exterior of the device  700  as indicated by EM ray  780 . By minimizing the angle of reflection of EM  770  such that minimal EM  780  escapes the fixture  700 , a maximum amount of EM  760  and  770  is made available to sanitize the contact areas  720  and a minimum amount of said EM  780  escapes the fixture  700 , reducing the exposure of any humans or animals outside the fixture to a non-deleterious amount. 
         [0065]    Additional means of reducing or eliminating unwanted germicidal EM radiation exposure of humans or animals may be incorporated into the current embodiment as well. The invention may also include functions that time the duration of illumination from the light source, or that turns off said illumination source when humans or animals are present, or when a finger, or the like, is in relatively close proximity (less than 6 inches away from said illumination source) to said device or similar, in order to ensure that the exposure of said contact surfaces  720  to said EM is sufficient to sanitize the contact surface but exposure of humans and animals is further limited so as to minimize exposure of humans or animals to said radiation  780 . Additional automation of the device to turn said illumination source on and off in the presence of humans or animals can further reduce or completely eliminate exposure of said humans or animals to said illumination source  730  so as to further reduce or completely eliminate any exposure of said animals or humans to said illumination source  730 . Additionally, this invention may include anti-reflective coatings on the contact area  720  in order to minimize escape of said radiation to the outside of said fixturing. Using said device will enable use of an EM source  730  of minimum power, thus saving cost and energy, while being effective at sanitizing switch contact surfaces  720  in a manner keeps said radiation  760  and  770  localized to said switch contact surfaces  720  in a manner that ensures non-hazardous exposure levels of humans or animals to said radiation  780 . Other light sources may also be used in order to provide additional functionalities such visible light LEDs so as to provide optical illumination or the like. 
         [0066]    Referring to  FIG. 8  an example of the germicidal UV light sanitizing device utilizing angle adjusted germicidal UV C chip type light emitting diodes (LEDs) EM light sources and consistent with the invention  800 , is shown. The upper left view is the appearance of the device from the top as installed. The upper right view is the appearance of the base fixture  810  of the device  800 , showing a series of  12  LEDs  830  mounted physically to and angle adjustment device  840  which is in turn physically mounted to base  810  to provide said EM light sources  830 . The bottom left view is a cross section view along line  801  showing the outer fixture  800  being affixed to the base  810  via a fixturing means such as glue, clips, screws, clamps or the like as would be understood by a person of skill in the art. A means  850  for mounting the device to a panel such as those illustrated in  FIG. 3  ( 300 ) or  FIG. 4  ( 400 ) is illustrated. The device is designed so as to surround a button type switch such as  FIG. 3  ( 310 ) or  FIG. 4  ( 410 ) having a hole  820  in its central region so as to surround the volume that the button type switch and associated touch areas  820  comprise. The UV C capable LEDs  830  are mounted to base  810  via angle adjustment devices  840  in a manner that allows germicidal UV C light  870  to beneficially illuminate  880  the inner surface of fixture  800  such that the germicidal EM is reflected beneficially toward said switch contact areas  820  in a manner that sanitizes the said surfaces  820 . Power to the LEDs  830  is provided to the LEDs by an electrical transmission means  860 , such as a feed through device or that like as would be well understood by a person of skill in the art. The electrical transmission means may include additional circuitry so as to distribute electricity to each of the LEDs  830  so as to enable appropriate illumination of all of the LEDs  830  as would be understood by one of skill in the art. The transmitted germicidal UV C EM  870  is directed toward the interior surface of the outer fixture  800  such that said EM  870  is directed toward  880  the contact surfaces  820  with minimal emission  890  of said EM to the exterior of the device  800  as indicated by EM ray  890 . By minimizing the angle of reflection of EM  880  such that minimal EM  890  escapes the fixture  800 , a maximum amount of EM  870  and  880  is made available to sanitize the contact areas  820  and a minimum amount of said EM  890  escapes the fixture  800 , reducing the exposure of any humans or animals outside the fixture to a non-deleterious amount. 
         [0067]    Additional means of reducing or eliminating unwanted germicidal EM radiation exposure of humans or animals may be incorporated into the current embodiment as well. The invention may also include functions that time the duration of illumination from the light source, or that turns off said illumination source when humans or animals are present, or when a finger, or the like, is in relatively close proximity (less than 6 inches away from said illumination source) to said device or similar, in order to ensure that the exposure of said contact surfaces  820  to said EM is sufficient to sanitize the contact surface but exposure of humans and animals is further limited so as to minimize exposure of humans or animals to said radiation  890 . Additional automation of the device to turn said illumination source on and off in the presence of humans or animals can further reduce or completely eliminate exposure of said humans or animals to said illumination source  830  so as to further reduce or completely eliminate any exposure of said animals or humans to said illumination source  830 . Additionally, this invention may include anti-reflective coatings on the contact area  820  in order to minimize escape of said radiation to the outside of said fixturing. Using said device will enable use of an EM source  830  of minimum power or intensity, thus saving cost and energy, while being effective at sanitizing switch contact surfaces  820  in a manner keeps said radiation  870  localized to said switch contact surfaces  820  in a manner that ensures non-hazardous exposure levels of humans or animals to said radiation  890 . Other light sources may also be used in order to provide additional functionalities such visible light LEDs so as to provide optical illumination or the like. 
         [0068]    Referring to  FIG. 9  an example of the germicidal UV light sanitizing device utilizing angle adjusted germicidal UV C capable optic fiber as the EM sources and consistent with the invention  900 , is shown. The upper left view is the appearance of the device from the top as installed. The upper right view is the appearance of the base fixture  910  of the device  900 , showing a series of  12  holes  930  in base  910  to enable feed through of said EM fiber transmission elements  940  through said base  910 . Said optic fiber elements  940  are arranged so as to direct said EM directly at the switch contact surfaces  920 . The source of said EM is not illustrated, but each fiber  940  is illuminated appropriately by means that are easily accomplished by a person of skill in the art. The bottom left view is a cross section view along line  901  showing the outer fixture  900  being affixed to the base  810  via a fixturing means such as glue, clips, screws, clamps or the like as would be understood by a person of skill in the art. A means  950  for mounting the device to a panel such as those illustrated in  FIG. 3  ( 300 ) or  FIG. 4  ( 400 ) is illustrated. The device is designed so as to surround a button type switch such as  FIG. 3  ( 310 ) or  FIG. 4  ( 410 ) having a hole  920  in its central region so as to surround the volume that the button type switch and associated touch areas  920  comprise. The fiber optic elements  940  are mounted within the fixture  900  in a manner that allows germicidal UV C light  960  to beneficially illuminate  960  the inner surface of fixture  900  and the contact areas  920  such that the germicidal EM is directed or reflected beneficially toward said switch contact areas  920  in a manner that sanitizes the said surfaces  920 . Provision of illumination to the fiber optic elements  940 , while not illustrated, is well understood by a person of skill in the art. The transmitted germicidal UV C EM  960  is directed toward the contact areas  920  such that said EM  960  is directed toward the contact surfaces  920  with minimal emission  970  of said EM to the exterior of the device  900  as indicated by EM ray  970 . By minimizing the angle of reflection of EM  960  such that minimal EM  970  escapes the fixture  900 , a maximum amount of EM  960  is made available to sanitize the contact areas  920  and a minimum amount of said EM  970  escapes the fixture  900 , reducing the exposure of any humans or animals outside the fixture to a non-deleterious amount. 
         [0069]    Additional means of reducing or eliminating unwanted germicidal EM radiation exposure of humans or animals may be incorporated into the current embodiment as well. The invention may also include functions that time the duration of illumination from the light source, or that turns off said illumination source when humans or animals are present, or when a finger, or the like, is in relatively close proximity (less than 6 inches away from said illumination source) to said device or similar, in order to ensure that the exposure of said contact surfaces  920  to said EM is sufficient to sanitize the contact surface but exposure of humans and animals is further limited so as to minimize exposure of humans or animals to said radiation  970 . Additional automation of the device to turn said illumination source on and off in the presence of humans or animals can further reduce or completely eliminate exposure of said humans or animals to said illumination source  940  so as to further reduce or completely eliminate any exposure of said animals or humans to said illumination source  940 . Additionally, this invention may include anti-reflective coatings on the contact area  920  in order to minimize escape of said radiation to the outside of said fixturing. Using said device will enable use of an EM source  920  of minimum power or intensity, thus saving cost and energy, while being effective at sanitizing switch contact surfaces  920  in a manner keeps said radiation  960  localized to said switch contact surfaces  920  in a manner that ensures non-hazardous exposure levels of humans or animals to said radiation  970 . Other light sources may also be used in order to provide additional functionalities such visible light LEDs so as to provide optical illumination or the like. 
         [0070]    Referring to  FIG. 10  an example of the germicidal UV light sanitizing device utilizing angle adjusted germicidal UV C chip type light emitting diodes (LEDs) EM light sources and consistent with the invention  1000  is shown. The upper left view is the appearance of the device from the top as installed. The upper right view is the appearance of the base fixture  1010  of the device  1000 , showing a series of 2 LEDs  1060  each mounted physically to an angle adjustment device  1070  which is in turn physically mounted to fixture  1000  to provide said EM light sources  1080 . The LED devices  1060  are powered through electrical means  1040  that are comprised of an electrically conducting wire or the like as would be understood by one of skill in the art. The bottom left view is a cross section view along line  1001  showing the outer fixture  1000  being affixed to the base  1010  via a fixturing means such as glue, clips, screws, clamps or the like as would be understood by a person of skill in the art. A means  1050  for mounting the device to a panel such as those illustrated in  FIG. 3  ( 300 ) or  FIG. 4  ( 400 ) is illustrated. The device is designed so as to surround a button type switch such as  FIG. 3  ( 310 ) or  FIG. 4  ( 410 ) having a hole  1020  in its central region so as to surround the volume that the button type switch and associated touch areas  1020  comprise. The UV C capable LEDs  1060  are mounted to angle adjustment devices  1070  which is in turn physically mounted to the fixture  1000  or other supporting means in a manner that allows germicidal UV C light  1080  to beneficially illuminate the contact surfaces  1020  as well as the inner surface of fixture  1000  such that the germicidal EM is reflected beneficially toward said switch contact areas  1020  in a manner that sanitizes the said surfaces  1020 . Power to the LEDs  1060  is provided to the LEDs by an electrical transmission means  1040 , such as a wire or the like as would be well understood by a person of skill in the art. The electrical transmission means may include additional circuitry so as to distribute electricity to each of the LEDs  1060  so as to enable appropriate illumination of all of the LEDs  1060  as would be understood by one of skill in the art. The transmitted germicidal UV C EM  1080  is directed toward the interior surface of the outer fixture  1000  such that said EM  1080  is directed toward the contact surfaces  1020  with minimal emission  1090  of said EM to the exterior of the device  1000  as indicated by EM ray  1090 . By minimizing the angle of reflection of EM  1080  such that minimal EM  1090  escapes the fixture  1000 , a maximum amount of EM  1080  is made available to sanitize the contact areas  1020  and a minimum amount of said EM  1090  escapes the fixture  1000 , reducing the exposure of any humans or animals outside the fixture to a non-deleterious amount. 
         [0071]    Additional means of reducing or eliminating unwanted germicidal EM radiation exposure of humans or animals may be incorporated into the current embodiment as well. The invention may also include functions that time the duration of illumination from the light source, or that turns off said illumination source when humans or animals are present, or when a finger, or the like, is in relatively close proximity (less than 6 inches away from said illumination source) to said device or similar, in order to ensure that the exposure of said contact surfaces  1020  to said EM is sufficient to sanitize the contact surface but exposure of humans and animals is further limited so as to minimize exposure of humans or animals to said radiation  1090 . Additional automation of the device to turn said illumination source on and off in the presence of humans or animals can further reduce or completely eliminate exposure of said humans or animals to said illumination source  1060  so as to further reduce or completely eliminate any exposure of said animals or humans to said illumination source  1060 . Additionally, this invention may include anti-reflective coatings on the contact area  1020  in order to minimize escape of said radiation to the outside of said fixturing. Using said device will enable use of an EM source  1060  of minimum power or intensity, thus saving cost and energy, while being effective at sanitizing switch contact surfaces  1020  in a manner keeps said radiation  1080  localized to said switch contact surfaces  1020  in a manner that ensures non-hazardous exposure levels of humans or animals to said radiation  1090 . Other light sources may also be used in order to provide additional functionalities such visible light LEDs so as to provide optical illumination or the like. 
         [0072]    Another exemplary embodiment of a switch sanitizing device  5  is generally shown in  FIGS. 11-14 . The device  5  includes a light switch  10  extending through a switch aperture, light guide, lens, waveguide, light pipe or the like  7  defined by the plate  6 . The light switch  10  defines a first contact surface area  12  and a second contact surface area  13 . In use, one applies force to the second contact surface area  13  (e.g., via a finger) to move the light switch  10  from an off-position to an on-position, and presses on the first contact surface area  12  to move the light switch  10  from the on-position to the off-position. Referring to  FIG. 13A , the light switch  10  is shown in the on-position, with a corresponding general electric diagram is shown in  FIG. 14A . Conversely, referring to  FIG. 13B , the light switch  10  is shown in the off-position, with a corresponding general electric diagram is shown in  FIG. 14B . For example, plate  6  and light switch  10  can be similar to convention light switch devices typically available. 
         [0073]    A first sanitizing light  20  and a second sanitizing light  30  are positioned on plate  6  at opposite sides of the switch  10 . Generally, the first and second sanitizing lights  20 ,  30  are configured to direct UV radiation (e.g., a UV C radiation) toward the first contact surface area  12  and the second contact surface area  13 , respectively either directly, or through an aperture or light guide, lens, waveguide, light pipe or the like. Each of the first and second sanitizing lights  20 ,  30  are generally configured to direct the UV radiation toward the respective contact surface area  12 ,  13  while minimizing the amount of UV radiation that strays from the device  10 . That is, the first and second sanitizing lights  20 ,  30  are, in one embodiment, positioned and configured such that about 50% or greater of the UV electromagnetic radiation is directed toward the respective contact surface area  12 ,  13 , such as about 60% or greater, preferably about 70% or greater, more preferably about 80% or greater. In one particular embodiment, the first and second sanitizing lights  20 ,  30  are, in one embodiment, positioned and configured such that about 90% or greater of the UV electromagnetic radiation is directed toward the respective contact surface area  12 ,  13 , such as about 95% or greater, preferably about 98% or greater, more preferably about 99% or greater (e.g., about 99.5% or greater) as the light source is configured to have an angle of incidence between 2° and 90° and exposing the contact surface(s) to be sanitized to more than 2,000 μW-s/cm 2  per treatment regime, while limiting exposure outside the region to be sanitized to less than 2,000 μW-s/cm 2  per interaction with said switch. 
         [0074]    As shown in  FIG. 12 , the first sanitizing light  20  generally includes a first light source  22  that receives power through a first wire  24 . A first housing  26  is positioned on the plate  6 , and defines an internal reflective surface  28  therein. The first light source  22  generates UV electromagnetic radiation (represented by arrows  9 ) that is directed through a first aperture in the plate  6  and into the housing  26 . In turn, the internal reflective surface  28  of the first housing  26  redirects the UV electromagnetic radiation toward the first contact surface  12  ( FIG. 13A ). Thus, the amount of UV electromagnetic radiation that escapes the device  10  is minimized as the light source having an angle of incidence between 2° and 90° and exposing the contact surface(s) to be sanitized to more than 2,000 μW-s/cm 2  per treatment regime, while limiting exposure outside the region to be sanitized to less than 2,000 μW-s/cm 2  per interaction with said switch. 
         [0075]    Similarly, the second sanitizing light  30  generally includes a second light source  32  that receives power through second wire  34 . A second housing  36  is positioned on the plate  6 , and defines an internal reflective surface  38  therein. The second light source  32  generates UV electromagnetic radiation (represented by arrows  9 ) that is directed either directly or through a second aperture, light guide, lens, waveguide, light pipe or the like in the plate  6  and into the second housing  36 . In turn, the internal reflective surface  38  of the second housing  36  redirects the UV electromagnetic radiation toward the second contact surface  13  ( FIG. 13B ). Thus, the amount of UV electromagnetic radiation that escapes the device  10  is minimized. 
         [0076]    As shown in  FIGS. 13A and 14A , when the light switch is in the on-position, the light  40  and the first sanitizing light  20  are electrically connected to the power source  50  such that both the light  40  and the first sanitizing light  20  powered. Conversely, when in the on-position, the second sanitizing light  30  is electrically isolated from the power source  50 , and does not receive power. Thus, in the on-position, the switch  10  is closest to the first sanitizing light  20 , with the first contact surface area  12  to be most likely contacted by a user (i.e., to apply a force to move the switch  10  to the off-position). Thus, the switch  10  is being sanitized by the first sanitizing light  20  in the area most likely to be contacted by a user (i.e., the first contact surface area  12 ), but not in any other area. Additionally, due to the angle of the switch  10 , the UV electromagnetic radiation  9  that contacts the first contact surface area  12  is not likely to reflect out of the device  10  but instead toward the plate  6 . In certain embodiments, an anti-reflective coating can be included on the first contact surface area  12  to further inhibit the UV electromagnetic radiation  9  from escaping the device  10 . 
         [0077]    Conversely, as shown in  FIGS. 13B and 14B , when the light switch is in the off-position, the light  40  and the first sanitizing light  20  are electrically isolated from the power source  50  such that both the light  40  and the first sanitizing light  20  do not receive power. Conversely, when in the off-position, the second sanitizing light  30  is electrically connected to the power source  50  to receive power. Thus, in the off-position, the switch  10  is closest to the second sanitizing light  30 , with the second contact surface area  13  to be most likely contacted by a user (i.e., to apply a force to move the switch  10  to the on-position). Thus, the switch  10  is being sanitized by the second sanitizing light  20  in the area most likely to be contacted by a user (i.e., the second contact surface area  13 ), but not in any other area. Additionally, due to the angle of the switch  10 , the UV electromagnetic radiation  9  that contacts the second contact surface area  13  is not likely to reflect out of the device  10  but instead toward the plate  6 . In certain embodiments, an anti-reflective coating can be included on the second contact surface area  12  to further inhibit the UV electromagnetic radiation  9  from escaping the device  10 . 
         [0078]    The light switch  10  generally controls the power to the light  40 , the first sanitizing light  20 , and the second sanitizing light  30  through the electrical switch  14 , which is diagramed in  FIGS. 14A and 14B . 
         [0079]    The housing  26 ,  36  of each of the sanitizing lights  20 ,  30  is generally opaque so as to block substantially all of the UV electromagnetic radiation  9  from transmitting there through. Thus, the housing  26 ,  36  inhibits the UV electromagnetic radiation  9  from escaping the device  10 . For example, the housing  26 ,  36  can be constructed from a plastic, metal, rubber, or other suitable material. 
         [0080]    The reflective surface  28 ,  38  in the respective housing  26 ,  36  is generally reflective to the wavelengths emitted by the light sources  22 ,  32  (e.g., UV C electromagnetic radiation). As shown, each housing  26 ,  36  has a conical shape and defines an open end  27 ,  37 , respectively, that faces to the light switch  12 . As such, the UV electromagnetic radiation can be collected within the housing and generally concentrated in a direction toward the light switch  12  with minimal or virtually no UV electromagnetic radiation escaping the device. However, any suitable shape can be utilize for the housing  26 ,  36 . 
         [0081]    While the disclosure is given with reference to a particular type switch sanitizing device, it is to be understood that the disclosure relates to all types of switch sanitizing devices that locally sanitize contact surfaces in a localized or surrounded volume, using germicidal EM radiation, while allowing manual access to said contact surface so as to allow manual actuation of an electrical or electronic switch, while minimizing the escape of said germicidal EM radiation to levels that are not hazardous to humans or animals as the light source is configured to have an angle of incidence between 2° and 90° and exposes the contact surface(s) to be sanitized to more than 2,000 μW-s/cm 2  per treatment regime, while limiting exposure outside the region to be sanitized to less than 2,000 μW-s/cm 2  per interaction with said switch.