Abstract:
A vertical axis wind turbine having a plurality of air foils arranged along the periphery of a rotor and moveable with the wind. The air foils configured to capture wind energy from the front of the wind turbine and upon exit. Wind diverters, interior and exterior to the wind turbine, accelerate air flows and minimize turbulences.

Description:
RELATED PATENT APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The present application is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/785,776, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The capture of wind power and the translation of that power into other, usable forms of energy have been a long-time human endeavor. From ancient windmills to the giant wind farms of today, the efficient capture and harnessing of this renewable energy is of paramount importance to modern economies. With the growing need for cleaner and greener energies, the importance of advances in cleaner alternative energy production is manifest. 
         [0003]    Wind turbines harness the kinetic energy of the wind and convert it into mechanical or electric power. Traditional wind turbines have a horizontal spinning axis that allow blades of the wind turbine to rotate around the axis, capturing the ambient wind. As wind engages the turbine blades, the blades move around the horizontal spinning axis of the wind turbine. The relative rotation of the blades to the horizontal axis may then be converted into mechanical and electrical energy. 
         [0004]    Recently, vertical axis wind turbines have been used to harness the kinetic energy of the wind. Vertical axis wind turbines operate in the same manner as horizontal axis wind turbines; however, the axis is a vertical plane and the blades spin around the vertical axis. Conventional wind turbines receive air flows across both the upwind and downwind sides of the wind turbine, which creates turbulence around and through the device, due to inefficient and inadequate control of the wind. 
         [0005]    There is, therefore, a need to maximize the efficiency of the wind air flows passing through a wind turbine, capturing more energies from the wind. 
         [0006]    There is, therefore, a concomitant need to minimize turbulence associated with air flows passing through a turbine. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    The present invention is directed to techniques, systems, apparatuses and methods to increase the efficiency of a wind turbine or like apparatus by increasing the capture of energy of wind flows passing through a wind turbine, particularly a vertical axis wind turbine, and minimizing the turbulence of those air flows. 
         [0008]    In the instant invention, the rotating airfoils on the rotor provide two lifting surfaces, one at the leading edge of the wind flow and the other at the trailing edge of the wind flow passing through. Stators or wind diverters, placed inside the rotor, accelerate the air flows making it past the blades, and straightening those air flows, where the airfoils on the backside of the rotor recover the previously-lost energies of the exiting wind, usually the cause of turbulence. In like fashion, the stators, when placed to block the air flows, stop the turbine rotation without a mechanical brake. Further, outside wind diverters likewise channel and accelerate the incoming air flows across the inlet throat of the turbine, while creating minimal backpressure. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]    While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter that is regarded as forming the present invention, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying DRAWINGS, where like reference numerals designate like structural and other elements, in which: 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is a front, generally elevation view of a wind turbine configuration pursuant to a first embodiment of the present invention, with a number of airfoils and a pair of interior or internal stators or wind diverters inside the periphery of the airfoils; 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a top view of the wind turbine configuration shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a front, generally elevation view of a wind turbine configuration pursuant to a second embodiment of the present invention, which includes another pair of exterior or external stators or wind diverters outside the periphery of the airfoils; and 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  is a schematic view of components generally shown in  FIGS. 1-3 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0014]    The following detailed description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. For purposes of explanation, specific nomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required to practice the invention. Descriptions of specific applications are provided only as representative examples. Various modifications to the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the scope of the invention. The present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest possible scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. 
         [0015]    As discussed, there is an ever-increasing need for clean and green energy sources. The harnessing and capture of wind energies has been a facet of human endeavor for many centuries. The instant invention and the substantial advantages thereof offer a further advancement in this field. 
         [0016]    With reference now to  FIG. 1  of the DRAWINGS, there is illustrated therein an elevational, generally front view of a wind turbine that employs and implements the principles of the present invention. For example, such wind turbines are described in more detail in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/215,232, 12/215,233, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,513,826, Ser. No. 13/607,167, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,425, Ser. No. 13/607,270, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,426, Ser. Nos. 14/107,922, and 14/107,951, each cited as background to the instant invention, where the subject matters of each of said applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
         [0017]    Shown in  FIG. 1  is a representative configuration of a wind turbine according to the present invention, generally designated by the reference numeral  100 . As illustrated, the wind turbine  100  is a vertical axis wind turbine pursuant to a first embodiment of the present invention. A stator base plate  110  and various support beams, generally designated by the reference numeral  120 , which are used in connection with the embodiment set forth in  FIG. 3 , are illustrated. Atop the stator base plate  110  is a base rotor  130 , which may employ magnetic levitation, as set forth and described in the aforementioned related cases, incorporated herein by reference. It should, nonetheless, be understood that non-magnetic levitation configurations are also contemplated in this (and the other) embodiments. 
         [0018]    Affixed along the circumferential surface of the base rotor  130 , preferably along the periphery, as illustrated, are a number of equally-spaced and configurable air foils, generally designated by the reference numeral  140 , aligned in a vertical configuration about the rotor  130 , which rotates pursuant to the presence of wind along with the plurality of airfoils affixed thereto along the periphery thereof. As is understood in the art, air flows entering the illustrated wind turbine  100  pass through the air foils  140 , providing lift or energy to the leading edge surfaces of the various air foils  140 , as they encounter the incoming air flows, i.e., as the air foils  140  rotate with the rotor  130  into the ambient wind. 
         [0019]    As is shown in  FIG. 1 , the air flows passing through the wind turbine  100  from the front of the drawing to the other side encounter the opposing air foils  140  along the circumference or periphery, as described and illustrated, where the trailing edges of those airfoils  140  have a “leading” edge portion (e.g., a reflex blade) that contacts the through-flowing air, and captures further kinetic energy from the wind. In this fashion, the present invention attains further lift or rotational speed from the exiting wind off the leading-edge-portion of the trailing edges of those opposing air foils  140 , which thus acquire additional torque and additional coefficient of lift. In this manner, the air foil  140  configuration of the present invention achieves a double lift effect, capturing further energies from the dissipating, exiting wind flows. 
         [0020]    With further reference to  FIG. 1 , there are shown interior wind diverters  150 , which primarily act as stators. A large and a small wind diverter, generally designated by the reference identifiers  150 A and  150 B, respectively, are shown, both contoured to better govern, control and accelerate the incoming air flows passing through the air foils  140  into straightened laminar flows, facilitating the aforementioned backside, opposing air foil lift, as described hereinabove. The larger interior stator  150 A preferably has one side in conformity with the circular curvature inside the air foil  140  circle, i.e., a generally circular curve is described for this first vertical surface of stator  150 A, and the other side or surface is preferably configured in a generally concave shape to redirect the incoming air flows, as described and illustrated. Likewise, the smaller interior stator  150 B preferably has one side curved along the air foil  140  circle, as described, with a generally circular curve shape, and the other surface in a generally concave shape (when viewed from above) with a larger portion of the concave abutting the incoming air flows and the other side trailing off. Further illustration of the above is found in  FIG. 2  of the DRAWINGS, where the second surface of the smaller interior stator  150 B has a more streamlined surface with a leading portion or edge to capture the wind and narrower trailing portion to straighten the wind, as described. 
         [0021]    It should be understood that the aforementioned shapes of the wind diverters  150 A and  150 B are such that they both accelerate and laminarize the incoming air flows, but Applicant has discovered that these shapes also govern and minimize turbulence as well, which is a serious problem with prior art stators. By so controlling the interior air flows through the wind turbine  100 , the aforementioned double energy capture is made possible, and several problems of devices without such diverters are solved as well. For example, in operation, the rotating air foils  140  produce a chopping noise, which is a byproduct of harmonics, and produce other effects due to the turbulence of the air flowing therethrough, which are alleviated or eliminated by the configuration of the present invention. 
         [0022]    With further reference to  FIG. 1 , there is generally shown a modular linear synchronous generator  160 , and a top rotor plate  170 , to which the aforementioned air foils  140  are affixed at their other end. Also shown is an air or magnetic bearing, generally designated by the reference numeral  180 , allowing the rotational movement of the rotors. As discussed, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a levitation magnetic array is also employed, as discussed further and illustrated hereinbelow. As discussed, non-magnetic levitation systems incorporating the instant inventions are envisioned. The more detailed configuration of these components is shown in  FIG. 4 , discussed in more detail hereinbelow. 
         [0023]    With reference now to  FIG. 2 , this is a top view of the wind turbine  100  illustrated in  FIG. 1 . As discussed, wind turbine  200  in this figure further illustrates the configuration and contours of the interior wind diverters, and better illustrates the laminar air flow and recapture described hereinabove, resulting from the improvements of the instant invention. As illustrated, wind flow enters from the bottom of the figure and encounters the air foils  240 , rotating about a base rotor, generally designated by the reference numeral  230 , channeling the air into the interior portion of the turbine  200 , as shown. A large wind diverter  250 A and a smaller wind diverter  250 B further control, govern or laminarize the air flow, reducing turbulence, as discussed. A number of support beams  220  are disposed about the turbine  200 , and the rotor base  230  and rotor top plate  270 , with the air foils disposed therebetween, rotate about an air or magnetic bearing, generally designated by the reference numeral  280 , as described hereinabove in connection with  FIG. 1 . 
         [0024]    With reference now to  FIG. 3  of the DRAWINGS, there is shown another embodiment of the present invention, a wind turbine  300  that employs further wind capture measures than those depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . In particular, there are illustrated two exterior wind diverters, a larger and a smaller one, generally designated by the reference identifiers  355 A and  355 B, respectively, which also act as stators, secured by the aforementioned support beams, generally designated by the reference numeral  320  to the turbine, generally designated by the reference numeral  300 . 
         [0025]    As is clear from the figure, air flows entering through the front of the illustrated wind turbine  300  in  FIG. 3  are augmented by the exterior wind diverters  355 A and  355 B channeling, controlling and accelerating air flows and winds into a wind turbine configuration, such as those described above in connection with  FIGS. 1 and 2 . In particular, the outside wind diverters  355 A and  355 B accelerate air flows across the inlet throat of the turbine, while also quelling backpres sure and turbulence, as described hereinabove, e.g., moving the unused nearby wind away from the turbine  300  structure in smooth air flows, minimizing turbulence and the potential for structural damage. In this manner, further laminar flows can be attained to drive air foils  340  faster and with less turbulence, thereby achieving increased efficiencies of operation. 
         [0026]    As the size of the interior and exterior wind diverters  350 A,  350 B,  355 A and  355 B can be quite large, the diverters are preferably made of sail or cloth material, with an underlying framework to support the aerodynamic configurations and lessen the weight. It should, nonetheless, be understood that the diverters can be made of a variety of materials, including wood and metal also. As is understood in the art, the various interior and exterior wind diverters are configurable either manually to various fixed positions, or are preferably dynamically and automatically configurable to track and harness the power of the ambient winds. 
         [0027]    As discussed, the various related patent applications are incorporated by reference. As also discussed, a preferred embodiment of the present invention employs magnetic levitation techniques to reduce friction and further increase energy capture. With reference to  FIG. 4  of the DRAWINGS, an exemplary representative configuration of a levitation magnetic array, generally designated by the reference numeral  490 , with magnets disposed in opposition, is illustrated, in connection with components of the instant invention for clarity. As shown, some of the magnets are disposed in a base rotor  430 , which oppose magnets disposed in a stator base plate  410 . In operation, the magnets reduce or eliminate the frictional forces between the stator  410  and rotor  430 , allowing the apparatus  400  to rotate frictionless, with a number of air foils  440  capturing wind, as described, and rotating about a bearing  480  atop a stator  495 . Also shown is a modular linear synchronous generator  460 . Further details about the operation and configuration of these levitation magnets are set forth in the related patent applications incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
         [0028]    Preferred methods and apparatus for practicing the present invention have been described. It will be understood and readily apparent to the skilled artisan that many changes and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and the scope of the present invention. The foregoing is illustrative only and that other embodiments of the integrated processes and apparatus may be employed without departing from the true scope of the invention defined in the following claims.