Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a multi-layer silicon stack architecture including: one or more processing layers including one or more computing elements; one or more networking layers disposed between the processing layers, the network layer includes one or more networking elements, wherein each computing element includes a plurality of network connections to adjacently disposed networking elements.

Description:
[0001]     IBM® is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, N.Y., U.S.A. Other names used herein may be registered trademarks, trademarks or product names of International Business Machines Corporation or other companies.  
       BACKGROUND  
       [0002]     1. Technical Field  
         [0003]     The present disclosure relates generally to electrical and electronic circuits and more specifically to a multi-layered silicon structure including multiple compute and networking elements.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     Currently, complex computing systems are comprised of discrete computing elements and networking elements that are interconnected by a system of cables and switches. For example, a web server farm may include several two-way servers that are interconnected with discrete cables and switches. The web server farm can be shrunk into a blade server package of two-way server blades that are plugged into a backplane that includes embedded network links and switches. Further miniaturization of such complex systems is possible but it requires the use of an expensive single piece of silicon or multi-chip packages. Recent developments in silicon structures have enabled the construction of computer structures that were formerly impractical or prohibitively expensive to build.  
         [0006]     In addition, as a result of the design of current complex computer systems, a failure of one or more components of the complex computing systems will likely suspend the operation of the entire complex system. Therefore, what is needed is a system architecture in which the failure of one or more components in the system will not result in suspension of the operation of the system.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0007]     The shortcomings of the prior art are overcome and additional advantages are provided through the use of multi-layer silicon stack architectures that implement a redundant network of redundant processors.  
         [0008]     Exemplary embodiments include a multi-layer silicon stack architecture including: one or more processing layers including one or more computing elements; one or more networking layers disposed between the processing layers, the network layer includes one or more networking elements, wherein each computing element includes a plurality of network connections to adjacently disposed networking elements.  
         [0009]     Exemplary embodiments also include a multi-layer silicon stack architecture including: one or more processing layers including one or more computing elements; one or more networking layers disposed between the processing layers, the network layer including one or more networking elements, wherein each computing element comprises a plurality of network connections to adjacently disposed networking elements, each computing element is connected to a plurality of networking elements, each networking element is connected to a plurality of computing elements, and the computing elements and the networking elements are connected by one or more serial or parallel connections, the computing elements include one or more heterogeneous or homogeneous processor chips, and the networking elements include a switch chip and an edge switch chip.  
         [0010]     System and computer program products corresponding to the above-summarized methods are also described and claimed herein.  
         [0011]     Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed invention. For a better understanding of the invention with advantages and features, refer to the description and to the drawings.  
       TECHNICAL EFFECTS  
       [0012]     As a result of the summarized invention, technically we have achieved a solution that provides a high-density partial mesh network with many network links between compute elements. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0013]     The subject matter that is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:  
         [0014]      FIGS. 1   a - c  illustrate a three dimensional interconnect network structure in accordance with exemplary embodiments;  
         [0015]      FIGS. 2   a - d  illustrate a three dimensional interconnect network structure with full tiling and edge switch elements in accordance with exemplary embodiments;  
         [0016]      FIGS. 3   a - c  illustrate a three dimensional interconnect network structure with full tiling and edge network elements in accordance with exemplary embodiments; and  
         [0017]      FIGS. 4   a - c  illustrate another three-dimensional interconnect network structure with full tiling and edge network elements in accordance with exemplary embodiments.  
     
    
       [0018]     The detailed description explains the preferred embodiments of the invention, together with advantages and features, by way of example with reference to the drawings.  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0019]     Referring now to the Figures for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that standard components or features that are within the purview of an artisan of ordinary skill and do not contribute to the understanding of the various exemplary embodiments are omitted from the Figures to enhance clarity.  
         [0020]     In exemplary embodiments, a three-dimensional interconnect network structure is comprised of layers of processing or compute elements, which are layered with networking or switch elements. Each compute element can include several network connections to adjacent networking elements (e.g., networking elements disposed either above or below) forming a three-dimensional structure. In one embodiment, a compute element (e.g., a processor chip with one or more compute cores) is tied to four switch elements or chips that are disposed above the compute element. Each switch element may provide network access to up to eight other computing elements through a single hop of the network.  
         [0021]     In other exemplary embodiments, the compute element may be tied to four other switch chips that are disposed below the compute element. Each of the switch chips provides network access to the same eight other computing elements through an independent set of network connections. Each of the switch chips may also provide network access to nine additional computing elements on another layer through a second independent set of network connections on its reverse side. Alternatively, each of the switch chips may be connected to other switch chips on another layer. Layering of compute and network layers allows for the creation of high-density partial mesh networks with many network links between compute elements, such that failure of one or more compute or network elements in the structure will merely degrade the performance of the overall structure rather than suspend operation. By varying the relative size and placement of computing elements and switch chips, other interconnect patterns are possible between computing elements and switch chips to further enhance network density and resiliency. For example, the networking or switching chips may be large relative to the processing chips and may be connected to several processing chips.  
         [0022]     Referring now to  FIG. 1   a - c,  a three-dimensional interconnect network structure in accordance with exemplary embodiments is illustrated generally as  100 .  FIG. 1   a  depicts a top view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  100 ,  FIG. 1   b  depicts a network view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  100 , and  FIG. 1   c  depicts a side elevational view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  100 . The three-dimensional interconnect network structure  100  includes a switch chip  102  and a plurality of processor chips  104 . Each of the processor chips  104  is directly connected to the switch chip  102  with one or more redundant network connections.  
         [0023]     Turning now to  FIG. 2   a - d,  a three-dimensional interconnect network structure with fall tiling and edge switch elements in accordance with exemplary embodiments is illustrated generally as  200 .  FIG. 2   a  depicts a top view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  200 ,  FIG. 2   b  depicts a network view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  200 , and  FIG. 2   c  depicts a side elevational view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  200 . The three-dimensional interconnect network structure  200  includes switch chip  202 , processor chips  204 , and edge switch chips  206 . The edge switch chips  206  add extra connections between the processor chips  204 . In one embodiment, each switch chip  202  ties four processor chips  204  together and each edge switch chip  206  ties two processor chips  204  together. The edge switch chip  206  comprises a smaller version of the switch chip  202 , having less connectivity as is appropriate to the edge of the array of processors and network elements. An alternative structure  210 , shown in  FIG. 2   d,  instead uses switch chips  202  at the edge of the array to communicate outside of this assembly via links  208 . These switch chips can be identical to those used in the rest of the switching network, or might be designed specifically for the purpose of electrically or optically connecting external connections to the rest of the processor network.  FIG. 2   d  depicts a side elevational view of a three-dimensional interconnect network structure  210  in which the edge switch elements of network structure  200  connect to elements external to this assembly.  
         [0024]     Referring now to  FIG. 3   a - c,  a three-dimensional interconnect network structure with full tiling and edge network elements in accordance with exemplary embodiments is illustrated generally as  300 .  FIG. 3   a  depicts a top view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  300 ,  FIG. 3   b  depicts a network view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  300 , and  FIG. 3   c  depicts a side elevational view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  300 . The three-dimensional interconnect network structure  300  includes switch chip  302 , processor chips  304 , edge switch chips  306 , and an additional layer of switch chips  308 . The edge switch chips  306  add extra connections between the processor chips  304 . Each switch chip on the third layer  308  includes one switch chip  302  connection and two switch chip  306  connections. Each switch chip  302  ties four processor chips  304  together. Each edge switch chip  306  ties two processor chips  304  together. The three-dimensional interconnect network structure  300  can tolerate any one network element failing.  
         [0025]     Turning now to  FIG. 4 , another three-dimensional interconnect network structure with full tiling and edge network elements in accordance with exemplary embodiments is illustrated generally as  400 .  FIG. 4   a  depicts a top view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  400 ,  FIG. 4   b  depicts a network view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  400 , and  FIG. 4   c  depicts a side elevational view of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  400 . The three-dimensional interconnect network structure  400  includes switch chips  402 , processor chips  404 , edge switch chips  406 , and an additional layer of switch chips  408 . The three-dimensional interconnect network structure  400  provides significant bandwidth and redundancy. For purposes of clarity, not all connections and elements of the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  400  are shown in  FIG. 4 . Each processor chip  404  has four switch connections. Each switch chip  402  ties four processor chips together except for edge switch chips  406 , which have two network connections. Switch chips  408  on the third layer connect four switch chips  402  or two edge switch chips  406  and two switch chips  402 . As additional switch layers are added to the three-dimensional interconnect network structure  400 , the mesh network capability of the network is increased. In other words the network becomes more tolerant of failed compute and network elements.  
         [0026]     While the preferred embodiment to the invention has been described, it will be understood that those skilled in the art, both now and in the future, may make various improvements and enhancements which fall within the scope of the claims which follow. These claims should be construed to maintain the proper protection for the invention first described.