Abstract:
In a shield structure built within a housing for enclosing electrical conductors, a terminal cover strip for enhancing efficient grounding is mounted. The terminal cover strip is U-shaped, with one of the upbent sides having a plurality of mounting spaces for coupling with multiple conductors and the other of the upbent sides being connected to a ground plane.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/373,504 filed Aug. 13,1999. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a housing structure that is equipped with a lightning protective system, and particularly the equipping of a railroad switch house with a lightning protection system for maintaining the integrity of the electrical or electronic equipment stored therein. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Signal switch houses for railroads have been around for a long time. Such houses usually have stored therein electrical and/or electronic equipment and other electronic components such as for example relays for monitoring and regulating the operation of trains along railroad tracks to which such houses are adjacently located. Such switch houses are usually spaced anywhere from ¾ to 1½ miles all along the length of the railroad tracks. In essence, the equipment stored in the houses would provide wayside signals to the train, as for example red, yellow and green lights, so that the train engineer has some indication of the condition of the tracks down the line. Moreover, a switch house is usually located at each railroad crossing for providing warnings to traffic crossing the railroad tracks if a train is approaching. 
     The equipment stored inside each of these switch houses may vary, depending on the kinds of signals that are to be monitored and regulated. However, each of the equipment stored in each of the switch houses tends to be electrical or electronic in nature, and accordingly could be affected by power surges resulting from transients from the power line or lightnings that strike either the railroad tracks adjacent to the house or the house directly. And when the equipment malfunctions, the signals for regulating the movement of trains along the railroad tracks are disrupted. 
     It has been estimated that it costs a single railroad company thousands of dollars for each unscheduled train stop as the stoppage of one train tends to have a domino effect on all other trains along the same tracks. This is due to the fact when a train is stopped unexpectedly, the tracks would act as a shunt to prevent a proceed signal from being transmitted along the tracks to other switch houses. With the absence of the proceed signal, the equipment in the switch houses downstream or upstream of where the stopped train is would provide a caution yellow light or a stop red light to the train engineers at the other trains to warn them either to slow down or stop. 
     Prior to the instant invention, there has not been any reliable protection against power surges that may affect the performance of the electrical or electronic equipment in the switch houses. Thus, excessive lightning damage has been sustained by the train control equipment. Such damage not only means that the equipment has to be replaced, but more importantly it affects the operation of the trains along the tracks and therefore causes both inconvenience and a loss of money for the railroad companies. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The housing structure or house of the instant invention has secured to one of its interior walls a terminal board. Coupled to the terminal board are a number of terminal blocks or strips to which wires may be mounted. A number of openings are provided on the floor of the house for enabling wires external to the house to be inserted into the house. These outside wires are mounted to one of the terminal blocks on the terminal board. The equipment that are inside the house are placed on shelves which are secured to the house. The signal leads or wires that are provided to and from the equipment are also mounted to the terminal board, preferably at another terminal block or strip coupled to the terminal board. There is also coupled to the terminal board at least one conductive terminal strip that is electrically grounded. The wires from outside which are mounted to the terminal block on the terminal board each in turn are connected to the grounding strip by way of a current or lightning arrester. At least one ground plane is provided also on the terminal board so as to enable any power surges that may reach the terminal board to be readily routed to ground. 
     To confine any power surges that enter the house which most likely first reach the terminal board, a shield structure in the form of interconnected panels are placed over the terminal board so as to enclose at least the portion of the terminal board whereat both the wires from the outside and the wires that are connected to the equipment are located. The panels may be in the form of grids or solid sheets that are made of ferrous or non-ferrous metals. The panels furthermore are connected to ground. Thus, power surges that enter the house and wind up at the terminal board, even if they were to jump over the arresters that connect the outside wires to the terminal grounding strip, nonetheless are prevented by the shield structure from entering into the rest of the house. The power surges are therefore prevented from doing damage to the equipment stored in the house. The shield structure may be in the form of a Faraday cage. 
     To enhance grounding, in place of conventional grounding strips or terminals, the house of the instant invention utilizes a grounding strip that comprises a longitudinal U shaped member, with a longer side and a shorter side respectively up bending along the length of the member. Multiple holes are provided in the longer up-bent portion for enabling the grounding strip to be mounted to the terminal board. Notches or semi-circular cut-outs are formed at the shorter up-bent side to enable the mounting thereto of the respective wires from the terminal block on the terminal board where the outside wires are mounted. 
     It is therefore an objective of the present invention to equip a house with lightening protection features. 
     It is another objective of the present invention to provide a Faraday cage inside a housing structure for confining power surges that may enter the structure. 
     It is still another objective of the present invention to protect equipment in a housing structure from lightning or power surges that may enter the structure. 
     It is yet a further objective of the present invention to provide to the terminal board of the house of the instant invention an inventive unitary grounding strip adaptable to be connected by a plurality of wires from the outside the house. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
     The above-mentioned objectives and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and the invention itself will be best understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a front view of an exemplar house of the instant invention; 
     FIG. 2 is an inside view of the front wall of the house of the instant invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a cut away side view of the house of the instant invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a plan view of the house of the instant invention; 
     FIG. 5 is an inside view of the back of the house of the instant invention; 
     FIG. 6 illustrates the terminal board secured to the house of the instant invention; 
     FIG. 7 a  is a front view of an inventive terminal cover strip coupled to the terminal board of the instant invention; 
     FIG. 7 b  is a side view of the terminal cover strip of FIG. 7 a;    
     FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a shield structure placed over the terminal board of the house of the instant invention; and 
     FIG. 9 is a schematic illustrating the interconnections between exemplar railroad tracks, the wires connected from the tracks to the house of the instant invention and the inside wires that route the signals from the railroad tracks to the equipment inside the house. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 is a view of the front of an exemplar house  2  of the instant invention. House  2  in this instance may be a switch house used in a train environment in which the house is located adjacent the railroad tracks of a railroad system. A number of such houses are spaced anywhere from ¾ miles to 1½ miles along the length of the tracks. Moreover, such switch house is placed at railroad crossing for controlling the lowering or raising of gates to prevent traffic from crossing the railroad tracks when a train is about to pass that crossing. As shown, house  2  has an entrance door  4 . 
     As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the interior of house  2  has secured thereto a number of shelves  6   a  to  6   c . These shelves are used for storing electrical or electronic equipment such as for example  8  and  10  shown stored onto shelves  6   b . The air inside house  2  is circulated by means of an exhaust fan  12 . As best shown in FIG. 3, in addition to front door  4 , a back door  14  is provided to the back wall of house  2  so as to allow a technician to access the back of a frame  16  to which a terminal board  18 , which may be made of plywood, is mounted. Overlaying terminal board  18  is a ground plane  20 , best shown in FIG.  6 . Ground plane  20  is conductive and may be made of ferrous or non-ferrous metal. 
     A cage  22 , a perspective view of which is shown in FIG. 8, covers a portion of terminal board  18 . As shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, cage  22  has two front doors  24   a  and  24   b  each hingedly mounted to a side panel such as for example panels  26   a  and  26   b , respectively. Cage  22  also has a top panel  28 . Note that although doors  24   a  and  24   b  each are shown as a grid, in practice, doors  24   a  and  24   b  may be solid panels or sheets. In essence, cage  22  is made up of a number of interconnected panels, or sheets which together, provide a shield enclosure or structure for shielding at least a portion of terminal board  18 . 
     As best shown in FIGS. 4 and 8, on the floor of housing  2  positioned in front of terminal board  16  are a number of openings  34 ,  36 ,  38  and  40  on floor  30 . At least one of these openings provides an inlet or port for electrical connections such as wires external of house  2  to be fed into the interior of house  2 . Such external wires, designated by  42  in FIG. 6, may be referred to as outside wires or “dirty” wires. 
     As shown in FIG. 6, the outside wires  42  are fed into a panduit  44  at terminal board  18 , and then separated and routed to a number of terminal blocks  46   a ,  46   b  and  46   c . Each of the terminal blocks  46  has an insulating base  48  and a number of posts  50 . Thus, outside wire  42   a  output from panduit  44  is shown to be connected to post  50   a  at terminal block  46   b . Similarly, other wires from outside of house  2  are connected to terminal blocks  46 . See for example the many wires  42  connected to their respective posts  50  at terminal block  46   b.    
     Further with reference to FIG. 6, it can be seen, that terminal board  18 , and specifically the ground plane  20  superposed thereover, has a number of panduits, including panduits  52 ,  54  and  56 . Note that each one of panduits  52 ,  54 ,  56 , as well as panduit  44 , can have bundled therein a plurality of wires, such as for example outside wires  42  in panduit  44  and another set of wires  58  shown bundled within panduit  54 . Note that wires  58 , for the embodiment being discussed, could also be wires that are led into house  2  from the outside. In fact, outside wires  58  may be led into house  2  by way of inlet opening  38 , as shown in FIGS. 4 and 8. Outside wires  58  are in turn connected to a terminal block  60 . 
     In addition to terminal blocks  46  and  60 , there are also shown a number of other terminal blocks such as for example  62   a ,  62   b ,  62   c  and  64 , coupled to terminal board  18 . Like terminal block  46 , each of terminal blocks  62  and  64  has an insulating base section and a plurality of posts integrated thereto. 
     There are a number of wires  65  each connected to a corresponding post at terminal  62   b , as shown in the exemplar terminal board  18  of FIG.  6 . These wires  65  may be referred to as inside or “clean” wires that are electrically connected to the equipment inside house  2 . Each of the inside wires is connected to a corresponding outside wire at the back of terminal board  18 . Thus, signals can traverse between the equipment in house  2  and any instruments or sensors that are situated outside of house  2 , as for example sensors or switches mounted to the railroad tracks that are shunted when passed over by the axles of a train. 
     Further with respect to FIG. 6, also shown to be coupled to terminal board  18  are a number of terminal cover strips  66 . As best shown in FIGS. 7 a  and  7   b , terminal cover strip  66  is an elongated member having a shorter end  68  and a longer end  70  up bending along the longitudinal axis of member  66  to thereby form a U-shaped member as shown in FIG. 7 b . Upbent portion  68  has cut thereinto a number of semicircular notches  72  and a number of bigger notches  74 . Notches  72  are openings whereat connections may be made by means of screws and nuts of electrical conductors of adjacent posts, for example the wires extending from posts  50  of terminal block  46 . Instead of electrical conductors, a lightning or surge arrester could be connected from one of the notches  72  to a corresponding post at terminal block  46 . 
     On the longer up-bent portion  70  of cover strip  66  there are provided a number of holes  76  for enabling the coupling of strip  66  to terminal board  18 , by means of screws or bolts, as shown in FIG.  6 . Note that although the exemplar terminal strip shown in FIG. 7 a  shows a strip that corresponds to strip  66   a  shown in FIG. 6, in actuality, a cover strip of any length, such as for example strip  66   b  shown in FIG. 6, may be produced. In other words, it is not the length of strip  66  that matters, but rather that strip  66  is formed as a U-shaped member that has the appropriate notches and openings to enable it to be mounted to a terminal board and be connected to ground via the conductive ground plane overlying the terminal board. Prior to the instant inventive terminal strip, a plurality of distinct ground terminals are required for providing electrical connection to a plurality of wires, such as for example the dirty wires  42  from outside of house  2 . Note that another cover strip  66  is provided between terminal blocks  60  and  64 . 
     With reference to FIG. 8, it can be seen that terminal board  18  is mounted to frame  16 , which in turn is secured to house  2  by means of brackets  17   a  and  17   b . Further with respect to FIG. 8, note that panels  24 ,  26 ,  28  and  30  which together make up shield structure  22 , like ground plane  20 , are made of ferrous or non-ferrous metals such as for example aluminum or stainless steel. Furthermore, other types of conductive materials, be they ferrous or non-ferrous, may be used. They include a woven metallic material that can easily be shaped or a wire grid such as for example doors  24   a  and  24   b  shown in FIG.  8 . 
     FIG. 9 is a simplified diagram for illustrating the principle of the instant invention. In particular, house  2  is shown to be located adjacent, or proximate, to a path, represented by rails  80   a  and  80   b , of a plurality of railroad tracks whereon trains traverse. Although not shown, it should be appreciated that in addition to sensors and switches provided on the railroad tracks such as for example rails  80 , the equipment in house  2  may also be communicating with at least one central control center that oversees the respective operations of the various trains. 
     In any event, as shown in FIG. 9, switches or sensors provided on rails  80  are routed to house  2  by means of outside wires  42   a  and  42   b . These outside wires, as described hereinabove, are fed into house  2  at terminal board  18 , and specifically connected to respective posts at a terminal block, such as for example terminal block  46 . These outside wires each in turn are connected by a corresponding lightning or surge arrester  82  to a terminal strip that is connected to ground. Outside wires  42  are shown to be connected, by means of dotted lines  84 , to inside wires  65 , which are connected to terminal block  62 . The inside wires  65  in turn are connected to an electronic equipment  8  such as for example a Harmons Vital Logic Controller (VHLC) that controls the communication between house  2  and the tracks. To enable a worker to monitor the goings on of the trains, the signals may be routed from the VHLC to another equipment, such as for example oscilloscope  10 . 
     To protect equipment such as for example  8  and  10  inside house  2  from power surges that may get inside house  2 , a shielding structure  22 , such as for example the Faraday cage shown in FIG. 8, is placed around terminal board  18 , or at least the portion thereof to which both the outside wires  42  and inside wires  65  are mounted. Structure  22  is electrically connected to ground. Likewise, terminal plane  20  that superposes over or overlies terminal board  18 , the ground terminal strip  66 , as well as house  2  itself, are all connected to ground. 
     In most instances, power surges would enter into railroad switch houses as a result of lightning striking either the house directly or the railroad tracks. In the case of the railroad tracks being struck by lightning, the power surges resulting from the lightning are fed by outside wires  42  into house  2  and routed to terminal board  18 . Before the instant invention, the lightning, instead of or inspite of being partially routed by lightning arresters  82  to ground, would oftentimes jump over the lightning arresters into the rest of the house, so as to cause damage to the electronic or electrical equipment inside house  2 . 
     By incorporating a Faraday case  22  around terminal board  18 , the power surges that otherwise would have destroyed the equipment inside house  2  are prevented from doing so insofar as the conductive panels of structure  22  would confine the power surges within structure  22 , so that the power surges are routed to ground. Thus, cage  22  acts as a means to isolate the equipment in house  2  from the surge currents that are routed to terminal board  18  of house  2 . To enhance performance, shield structure  22  should preferably be made of the same conductive material as ground plane  20 . Also, if house  2  is made of either aluminum or stainless steel, shield structure  22  likewise should preferably be made of either aluminum or stainless steel, respectively. 
     Inasmuch as the present invention is subject to many variations, modifications and changes in detail, it is intended that all matters described throughout this specification and shown in the accompanying drawings be interpreted as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense. For example, even though the discussion above pertains to railroads switch houses, it should be appreciated that the same shield structure may be used in other housing structures that may contain electrical or electronic components that could be exposed to surge currents resulting from lightnings or transient power surges from power lines. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only the spirit and scope of the hereto appended claims.