Abstract:
A monument is provided for an aircraft. The monument includes, but is not limited to several system components with identical, substantially identical or similar functions that can be connected by way of a single system connection arrangement to the supply in the aircraft. Distribution of the supply media, received by the aircraft, to the individual system components takes place within the monument. The system connections can thus be identical to the system connections of a single monument.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/EP2010/052973, filed Mar. 9, 2010, which was published under PCT Article 21(2) and which claims priority to German Patent Application No. 102009014601.6 filed Mar. 24, 2009 and of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/162,796 filed Mar. 24, 2009, the disclosure of which applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The technical field relates to monuments in transportation means. In particular, the technical field relates to a monument for an aircraft, to the use of such a monument in an aircraft, and to an aircraft comprising such a monument. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    On board a commercial aircraft of the size of the A320 there are, as a rule, three to four toilets. In order to provide end users with the option of optimizing the cabin for their purposes, a greater number of positioning spaces for toilets is provided than required. Thus, individual placement of the toilet monuments is possible to a certain extent. 
         [0004]    As a result of the large number of possible positioning spaces and the fact that over the life of an aircraft, as a rule, it is operated by several operators and thus different cabins are configured and erected, there is a need to make provisions at the time of delivery, which provisions make it possible to erect monuments afterwards, at different positioning spaces. Such monuments are, for example, on-board toilet monuments or galley monuments. These provisions take up space, cost money, and add additional weight to the aircraft, often without ever actually being used. 
         [0005]    DE 103 39 077 A1 and US 2005/0103935 A1 describe a passenger compartment in the cabin of a commercial aircraft with several toilet monuments. Described is a multipurpose space  1 , which with minimal manipulation can be converted from a toilet space to a space with a neutral look. The cabin layout is not changed in this process. 
         [0006]    It is at least one object to state a monument that allows increased flexibility in the cabin layout. In addition, other objects, desirable features and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent summary and detailed description, and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    Stated are a monument for an aircraft, the use of a monument in an aircraft and an aircraft. The described exemplary embodiments relate equally to the monument, the use and the aircraft. In other words, all the characteristics mentioned below, for example with regard to the monument, can be implemented for the use or in the aircraft, and vice versa. 
         [0008]    According to an exemplary embodiment, a monument for an aircraft is stated that comprises a first system component, a system connection arrangement and a line arrangement. The system connection arrangement is designed for connecting the first system component and a further, second, system component to a supply line of the aircraft. The line arrangement is designed for connecting the system connection arrangement to the first system component and to the second system component, wherein the first system component and the second system component are identical (in other words at least corresponding) system components. This includes also such system components that merely comprise identical or similar functions. For example, the first system component can be a toilet, and the second system component a urinal. Alternatively, the first system component is, for example, a toilet for persons with a disability, and the second system component is a standard toilet. 
         [0009]    In other words this is a combined monument (combi monument) or an expandable monument that can be enlarged. In the case of a combi monument the monument comprises two system components, and in the case of an expandable monument it comprises at least the first system component and connections for a second system component. Both system components correspond to each other, in other words comprise identical or similar functions, but they need not be altogether identical. In each case a sole system connection arrangement is sufficient to connect both system components to the supply line of the aircraft, even if the two system components are accommodated in different sections of the monument. 
         [0010]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the monument is an on-board toilet monument. According to a further exemplary embodiment, the on-board toilet monument comprises two separate toilets as first and second system components. Moreover, the first system component can be a toilet or a urinal, and the second system component can be a toilet or a shower. 
         [0011]    It is thus no longer necessary for each individual toilet to be connected separately to its own system connection arrangement. Instead, a single system connection arrangement (and corresponding supply connections in the aircraft) is sufficient for both toilets. In this manner it is possible for a single toilet monument, which is already integrated in the aircraft, by means of the toilet monument according to the invention to be exchanged for two on-board toilets, without this requiring the provision of additional system connection arrangements. 
         [0012]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the monument is a galley monument. For example, in this case the system components are wash basins or electrical galley appliances. 
         [0013]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the monument is designed to be installed in a passenger cabin of an aircraft, and, in particular, the monument is designed to replace already known standardized single monuments. 
         [0014]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the monument is designed as a combi module for replacing two identical single monuments. The two identical single monuments are, for example, on-board toilet monuments. 
         [0015]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the monument comprises a third system component in the form of a first wash basin, and a fourth system component in the form of the second wash basin. The system connection arrangement is not only used for connecting the first two system components, but also for connecting the third system component and the fourth system component to a supply line of the aircraft. The line arrangement is used for connecting the system connection arrangement to the third system component and to the fourth system component. In particular, the two sections of the monument, in which sections in each case the first or second system component is located, can differ in size. 
         [0016]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the monument comprises a control device that ensures that all the system components together do not request more than a predetermined maximum quantity of water per unit of time from a water supply of the aircraft (and if applicable do not have more than this supplied), so that overloading the water supply of the aircraft is prevented. 
         [0017]    This can, for example, be an electronic control device which on the one hand measures the quantity of water which the respective users request at a given time. On the other hand, by means of suitable sensors, the electronic control system can also measure the actual rate of flow of the water through the line arrangement. Control valves can be provided in the lines, which control valves prevent or even stop the through-flow at suitable locations, if required. 
         [0018]    Furthermore, the control device can be a purely mechanical control device which, for example, prevents water from flowing at the same time through two particular supply lines. This can, for example, take place by means of a three-way valve that is affixed to a fork of a supply line and that ensures that water can flow either into one branch or into the other branch. In this way it is possible to ensure in a simple manner that at any given time only one toilet can be flushed. 
         [0019]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the control device is designed to prevent concurrent flushing of the first toilet and of the second toilet. 
         [0020]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the monument comprises a dividing wall, wherein the first wash basin is arranged on a first side of the dividing wall and the second wash basin is arranged on a second side of the dividing wall, which side is situated opposite the first side. 
         [0021]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the use of a monument in an aircraft is stated, and the monument comprises the characteristics described above and below. 
         [0022]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the aircraft comprises, in particular, a passenger cabin and one seat rail or several seat rails. The monument is arranged in the passenger cabin and is attached to the load-bearing structure of the aircraft only at defined attachment points of a corresponding single monument and at the seat rails. In other words, by means of the monument according to the invention precisely those attachment points can be used that are also used for a single monument of the type installed in the past in aircraft. 
         [0023]    By means of the monuments, additional monument positioning spaces and monument positioning areas can be created without it being necessary to make additional provisions for this on the aircraft side. In this arrangement, instead of a single monument (for example an on-board toilet monument) an enlarged monument is installed, which comprises two toilets and two wash basins. Moreover, it is possible to expand a base module of the monument according to the invention (which base model only comprises one toilet and one wash basin, but a corresponding line arrangement for connecting a second wash basin and a second toilet) in order to expand precisely this second toilet and the second wash basin. The expansion module with the second toilet and the second wash basin can be designed in such a manner that it comprises connections for a further expansion module so that overall three toilets with three wash basins can then be installed, without this necessitating additional supply lines on the aircraft side. 
         [0024]    The system connections of the base monument are identical to the system connections of known single monuments. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0025]    The present invention will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing figures, which are diagrammatic and not to scale, and where like numerals denote like elements, and: 
           [0026]      FIG. 1  shows two separate toilet monuments; 
           [0027]      FIG. 2  shows a monument according to an exemplary embodiment; 
           [0028]      FIG. 3  shows a monument according to a further exemplary embodiment; and 
           [0029]      FIG. 4  shows an aircraft according to an exemplary embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0030]    The following detailed description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit application and uses. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background or summary or the following detailed description. 
         [0031]      FIG. 1  shows two identical single monuments  112 ,  113  for an aircraft that are arranged one beside the other. Each of the two monuments comprises its own system connection arrangement  103  that is connected to a corresponding supply line of the aircraft. Thus, the supply line, too, needs to comprise two interface groups, namely one each for a system connection arrangement  103 . The system connection arrangement  103  comprises a fresh water connection  114 , a gray water connection  115  for removing gray water, and a black water or waste water connection  116  for removing waste water from the on-board toilet. 
         [0032]    Each of the two monuments  112 ,  113  comprises its “own four walls”. In particular, the separation between the two modules comprises double walls, because each of the two modules has its own outside wall  118 ,  119 . In each module there is a wash basin  105 ,  106  as well as a toilet  101 ,  102 . The fittings  120  of the wash basins are supplied with fresh water, by way of their own supply lines, by the fresh water  114 . In order to heat the water, a heater  117  can be installed in the fresh water supply line. 
         [0033]      FIG. 2  shows a monument  100  designed as a double toilet according to an exemplary embodiment. Only a single dividing wall  108  is provided for separating the two toilet regions from one another. Furthermore, the monument comprises a left-hand sidewall  123  and a right-hand sidewall  124  as well as a rear wall  125  and a ceiling  126 . 
         [0034]    The monument  100  comprises only one system connection arrangement  103 , which can be connected to the supply lines integrated in the aircraft. The system connection arrangement  103  comprises, in particular, connections for fresh water  114 , gray water connection  115  and black water or waste water connection  116 . 
         [0035]    The supply of fresh water  114  is connected to the first wash basin  105  and to the first toilet  101  by way of the line a (i.e., conduit or duct) arrangement  104 . For this purpose a fork in the line  132  is provided, wherein the right-hand line branch  135  leads to the right-hand toilet  102 , the right-hand line branch  133  leads to the left-hand toilet  101 , and the upper line branch  134  leads to the wash basins. 
         [0036]    In particular, it can be provided for the line branch  134  to supply water to both wash basins  105 ,  106 . To this effect a trifurcation  140  is provided. The first, left-hand branch of the line arrangement extends as a cold water supply from the fork  140  to the left-hand wash basin  105  or to the fitting  120  of the left-hand wash basin  105 . The right-hand branch also extends as a cold water supply to the right-hand fitting  120  of the right-hand wash basin  106 . The middle branch runs through a heater  117  before forking into two further branches, wherein the left-hand branch leads to the first wash basin  105 , and the right-hand branch leads to the second wash basin  106  (or to their fittings  120 ). 
         [0037]    It is possible for all the lines that extend from the right-hand module half through the dividing wall  108  into the left-hand module half to comprise an interface in or on the dividing wall so that the lines of the left-hand module half can be connected in that location and can optionally be removed. In this manner it is possible to create a monument whose left-hand half can be erected or removed as required. 
         [0038]    At the first bifurcation between the fresh water line  132  and the left-hand and right-hand branches  133  and  134  a control device  107  can be provided, for example in the form of a two-way valve or a three-way valve. This control device can control and regulate the maximum possible flow through the fresh water supply line  132 . Furthermore, a line  135  can be provided, which is also connected to the first bifurcation and which can be controlled by way of the control device  107 , which line  135  leads to the second toilet  102 . 
         [0039]    The control device  107  is thus able, for example, to switch between the two supply lines to the first toilet  101  and  135  to the second toilet  102 , and if applicable also to switch off the supply line to the two wash basins, if required. 
         [0040]    The two wash basins  105 ,  106  are integrated in corresponding wash basin surrounds  121 ,  122 . Each of the wash basins comprises its own fitting  120 . The dividing wall  108  comprises a left-hand side  109  and a right-hand side  110 , wherein one wash basin  105  is arranged on the left-hand side and the other wash basin  106  is arranged on the right-hand side, where they are also attached if applicable. 
         [0041]    Toilet waste water is fed by the disposal lines  127  (from the left-hand toilet) and  128  (from the right-hand toilet) and thereafter by way of the central line  129  and the connection  116  to the waste water removal device of the aircraft. All the waste water supply lines together are designated  111 . Gray water removal by way of the left-hand wash basin takes place via the line  131  that leads through the wall  108  to the right-hand wash basin  106 , and from the right-hand wash basin  106  the line  130  leads to the gray water disposal device (see connection  115 ). 
         [0042]      FIG. 3  shows an on-board toilet monument according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The on-board toilet monument  100  comprises a left-hand toilet cell  301  and a right-hand toilet cell  302 . Each of the cells comprises it own toilet  101 ,  102  and its own wash basin  105 ,  106 . The wash basins and the toilets are connected to a system connection arrangement  103  by way of corresponding line arrangements. The pipe work  303  within the monument is provided for this purpose. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the combi module has been erected in front of the seat row  304  at the fuselage wall  305  in the region of the exit. 
         [0043]    Optimization of the architecture by the described integrated monuments (for example in the form of a double toilet) makes it possible to erect an additional toilet without there being a need to make additional provisions when compared to a standard toilet. All the necessary installations and provisions form part of the double monument  100 . This results in a reduced number of provisions for erecting the monument, while the variety of installed parts remains the same, thus resulting in savings in weight and cost. Furthermore, there are no disadvantages to an operator wishing to install a single monument. No additional provisions for installing the double monument are required, which provisions are presently not used. In principle, the subject is a monument with two toilet cabins. 
         [0044]    In this arrangement, in relation to one toilet the same connection philosophy applies as in relation to a single monument. The second toilet only comprises system connections within the monument and might also share the systems of the first toilet (for example the instantaneous water heater, storage compartment for paper, fire extinguishing equipment, waste water system, oxygen masks including generator, etc.). 
         [0045]    The wash basin surrounds are, for example, opposite one another against the dividing wall  108  between the two cabins, which allow optimal dual use of the systems. Overload of the system connections is prevented by an affixed system architecture. For example, the control device  107  is provided for this purpose, which control device  107  prevents concurrent flushing of the toilets. Additional structural attachment of this double monument  100  takes place, for example, merely by way of the already present attachment points of a single monument and by way of the seat rails. Thus, retrofitting in existing aircraft layout is possible. 
         [0046]    The number of positioning spaces to be provided for toilets can be reduced over the entire aircraft, which results in cost savings. By means of shared use of some monument components, weight savings are achieved when compared to the use of a single toilet. 
         [0047]      FIG. 4  shows an aircraft  400 . The aircraft  400  comprises a passenger cabin  401  in which a monument according to the invention is arranged at each exit. In the exemplary embodiment shown, four such monuments are provided, namely two on the starboard side of the aircraft and two on the port side. Each of these monuments can, for example, be connected to the primary structure of the aircraft by way of two or more seat rails  402 ,  403 , or can be attached to the floor of the cabin. 
         [0048]    Instead of toilets it is also possible to install kitchen equipment and the like in the monument, so that a modular expandable galley is provided, or an existing galley monument can be replaced by a combined, in other words enlarged, galley monument, without this requiring the use of other connections in the aircraft than is the case for the single monument. 
         [0049]    In addition, it should be pointed out that “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and “a” or “one” does not exclude a plural number. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that characteristics or steps which have been described with reference to one of the above exemplary embodiments can also be used in combination with other characteristics or steps of other exemplary embodiments described above. 
         [0050]    While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing summary and detailed description, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration in any way. Rather, the foregoing summary and detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment, it being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope as set forth in the appended claims and their legal equivalents.