Abstract:
An apparatus for measuring fluid pressure has an electrical circuit for measuring fluid pressure which is closed only when simultaneously, the pressure to be measured is at least equal to a predetermined threshold and is substantially stable. A deformable member deforms under application of pressure of the fluid being measured and closes the electrical circuit. When fluid is moving through the apparatus, a Venturi valve member functions to lower the pressure of the fluid in contact with the deformable gauge member to reopen the electrical circuit. The Venturi valve member is formed by a revolution cone disposed in a chamber such that the passageway located annularly around the cone is reduced. A measuring apparatus integral with a deflating-inflating assembly is also provided.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a purely mechanical apparatus providing for the automatic closing of an electrical circuit for measuring fluid pressure, particularly of air. The invention also relates to an inflating and/or deflating assembly for pneumatic devices using this apparatus. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In pressure reading devices, it is desirable to disengage the pressure indicator when the apparatus inflates or deflates a tire or other pneumatic device. In effect, during inflation or deflation, the parameter being measured is the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure; of course, this sum is inherently different from the static pressure which alone interests the user. Only the static pressure reflects in effect the pressure which is present in the pneumatic device. 
     In apparatus with electrical measurement means, interrupters or commutators are sometimes provided to disengage the indicator when the inflating or deflating element is activated. However, experience shows that it is difficult in such systems to effect automatic cut-off of the indicator. 
     Some systems operate to disengage not the indicator directly, but the measurement element itself, again using commutators or interrupters which are designed to be as automatic as possible. Thus, when neither the inflating or deflating elements are activated, the electrical circuit for measuring the fluid pressure will be functioning. As a result, in such systems, this circuit operates substantially continuously, except during brief inflating and deflating operations. This results in excessive electric power consumption as well as frequent battery changes. Furthermore, to cut the circuit when the inflater is not in use would necessitate the use of a separate commutator, thus tending to negate the simplicity of the system. 
     Some systems provide for setting the pressure gauge at surrounding atmospheric pressure when the apparatus is activated. This is easily achievable when inflating because there is a great difference in the pressure between the system being measured and the atmosphere at the end of the inflating process. However, this leads to efforts which are too great and not very practical when deflating because such pressure difference is usually not great enough. 
     The present invention eliminates the above-described shortcomings by the purely mechanical apparatus as described below. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to the present invention, an apparatus is provided for measuring the pressure of a fluid. Such apparatus includes an electrical circuit for measuring the pressure of the fluid and means for closing the electrical circuit when the pressure of the fluid to be measured simultaneously is at least as great as a predetermined threshold pressure and is stable. The means for closing can be a deformable gauge member in contact with the fluid whose pressure is to be measured. The deformable gauge member closes the electrical circuit when the pressure of the fluid is at least as great as the predetermined threshold pressure. The apparatus can also include means for lowering the pressure of the fluid in contact with the deformable gauge member below the predetermined threshold pressure when the fluid is moving. 
     The apparatus of the present invention provides for automatic closing of an electrical circuit for measuring fluid pressure. Such closure occurs only when, simultaneously, the pressure to be measured attains a predetermined threshold and is substantially stable. In other words, the electrical circuit is closed or enabled to measure the fluid pressure when those two conditions are met. Such apparatus has a deformable gauge member to which the fluid whose pressure is to be measured is applied. Deformation of this member results in the closing of the electrical circuit. The apparatus also has means for lowering the pressure of the fluid in contact with the deformable gauge member when fluid is moving through the apparatus. The deformable gauge member can be a deformable membrane. 
     The invention also provides for an apparatus which has an inflating element and a deflating element which employ a single electrical circuit-cutting membrane which interrupts the electrical circuit both when the apparatus itself is not in use as well as when inflating or deflating is being performed. 
     Conversely stated, the apparatus of the present invention provides for automatic opening of the electrical circuit for measuring pressure when the pressure drops below a predetermined threshold or when it undergoes variations. 
     The closing of the electric circuit enables measurement of and indicating of the fluid pressure, while opening of the electrical circuit disengages the measurement means and, of course, the indicator means also. 
     The above-described apparatus can be applied to inflating and/or deflating elements, particularly those adapted for use with tires. 
     Electrical measurement of fluid pressure is generally done by means of a bridge sensor. The deformable gauge is preferably of the blister-interrupter type which includes, for example, a rubber membrane which deforms under pressure. Preferably, the gauge is adapted so that the electrical circuit closes only when the fluid pressure in contact with the gauge member is greater than 0.2 through 0.3 bar relative to the ambient pressure, this for absolute pressure measurements reaching 14 bars. 
     The means for lowering the pressure of the fluid which contacts the gauge can be a Venturi device. As is known, a Venturi accelerates the speed of the gas which crosses it, with a corresponding lowering of the gas pressure. 
     To provide means for lowering the pressure of the fluid in contact with the gauge, it is possible, based on the above-described Venturi principle, to reduce the area of the gas passage, for example, by axially positioning a revolution cone in the passage. Thus, a reduced passage area is obtained which is annularly located around the cone. The cone can also function as a valve to allow the air to escape. 
     The apparatus according to the present invention can be used with air or any other gas, for example nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. The means for lowering the pressure must be constructed with materials which are compatible with these gasses. 
     The apparatus of the present invention can be easily made to be integral with an inflating and/or deflating assembly. Such integral apparatus is preferred, and is in particularly adapted for use with tires. Such apparatus both measures the fluid pressure and deflates the pneumatic device, while inflating is performed by a separate element. 
     According to the present invention, the electrical circuit for measuring the fluid pressure is automatically opened when the inflating element is activated. 
     In such an assembly, the electric circuit is, for example, automatically opened simply by setting the gauge at the surrounding atmospheric pressure. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
     The present invention will be more fully understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains from the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views and wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an inflating-deflating assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention with the valve member shown in a closed position; 
     FIG. 2 is a detailed view of a revolution cone according to the present invention, which both lowers the pressure and functions as a valve, showing also the associated valve seat, with the valve member being shown in the open position; 
     FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the apparatus according to the present invention according to a second embodiment thereof; 
     FIG. 4 is an analogous view to that of FIG. 1 in an alternative embodiment showing a fluid pressure measurement apparatus according to the present invention integral with an inflating element; and 
     FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 4 along a section of the gauge member of the measuring circuit. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 represents, on the left, an apparatus 1 according to the invention which includes a gauge 2 and a sensor 3, each centered with respect to deflating button 4 and located respectively behind and in front of the plane of the sheet of paper as illustrated in FIG. 3. Deflating button 4 is integral with valve 5, which is preferably cone-shaped and which rests on a seat 6. Deflating spring 7 is disposed between deflating button 4 and valve 5. Valve 5 is located in chamber 9 and has a seal 8 to provide a fluid-tight engagement with valve seat 6. Chambe 9 is in communication with gauge 2 via conduit 19. 
     On the right of this same FIG. 1, there is disposed an inflating element 25 having an inflating valve 10 and an inflating return spring 11. The pressure feeding is done via conduit 12 and is interrupted by seal 13 when inflating valve 10 is not activated. To more easily overcome resistance resulting from the pressure of bias spring 11, inflating valve 10 is activated by a small bar 14 attached in rotation to the left of FIG. 1 and functioning as a lever against valve 10. In other words, lever bar 14 enables valve 10 to be pushed upwardly using less force than if force were applied directly to valve 10. 
     The inflating and deflating elements are connected respectively by conduits 15 and 16. Seal 17 operates such that fluid communication between conduits 15 and 16 is open when inflating valve 10 is not activated. 
     The inflating-deflating assembly functions as described below; the inflating circuit fluid path is represented by alternating dots and dashes, while the deflating circuit fluid path is represented by dotted lines. 
     The assembly is, for example, connected to a pressure feeding line as shown in FIG. 1. Air is thus admitted into conduit 12 in the direction of arrow a g . 
     By pushing on bar 14 in the direction of arrow p g , inflating valve 10 is moved and, as a consequence, seal 13 also is moved, always in the direction of p g . The movement of seal 13 places feeding conduit 12 in communication with conduit 16 and air is admitted, e.g., into the tire to be inflated in the direction of arrow a&#39; g . 
     By releasing the pressure on bar 14, inflating valve 10 returns to its initial position by means of a bias applied by spring 11. At the same time, seal 13 obstructs communication between conduits 12 and 16, while seal 17 places conduits 15 and 16 into fluidic communication. During upward movement of inflating valve 10, seal 17 obstructs communication between conduits 15 and 16. 
     The condition in which neither inflating valve 10 nor deflating button 4 are activated is represented in FIG. 1. In this condition, the air in the tire is in communication with pressure gauge 2 and sensor 3. The membrane of gauge 2 is deformed by the pressure which is present in the tire. When this deformation reaches a certain magnitude, the membrane comes to rest on electric circuit 18 and closes this circuit, while sensor 3 measures the fluid pressure and indicates it on an appropriate apparatus, not represented in the FIGS. As shown in FIG. 3, the projecting portion of gauge 2 will be pushed toward wire elements 21 and 23 when the membrane is deformed; when the fluid pressure against the membrane reaches a certain magnitude, wires 21 and 23 will touch, thus closing electrical circuit 18. 
     In order to deflate the tire or other pneumatic device, deflating button 4 is pushed downwardly against the bias of return spring 7; this displaces valve 5, along with its seal 8, out of seat 6 and places chamber 9 in fluidic communication with the surrounding air. Thus, an air circuit is established from the tire to the outside atmosphere as represented by dotted lines beginning along arrow r d  and exiting along arrow r&#39; d . Seal 13 prevents air from returning through feeding conduit 12. 
     The exiting air accelerates upon contact with cone-valve 5, which greatly reduces the area of the free air in comparison with the diameter of conduits 15 and 16, thus creating a depression, i.e., an area of substantially reduced pressure. As a result, the pressure prevailing against gauge 2 and sensor 3 is lowered such that it falls below the adjustment threshold, and gauge 2 returns to its nondeformed position. This interrupts electric circuit 18 by causing wires 21 and 23 to separate, and the pressure indicating apparatus no longer registers a measurement. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a detailed view of cone-valve 5 located in chamber 9. Valve 5 rests against seat 6 by means of seal 8. Valve 5 is shown in FIG. 2 in the open position, with the air flow during deflating being represented by arrows in dotted lines ending with the symbol r d . Reference symbol α represents the conical angle of valves and symbols x and y represent the slope angles indicating the geometrical shape of seat 6. Preferably, α is between 40° and 60°. X is approximately in the range of 40° to 75°, preferably about 60°, to more easily create air-tight engagement with valve 5 and, at the same time, to increase the air passage during deflating. Y is approximately in the range of 100° to 140°, preferably about 120°, to allow a large amount of air passage with a small displacement, i.e, with a small magnitude of displacement of the valve-rod-button combination 5,27, 4. This displacement is preferably approximately 20 to 100% of the opening 30 diameter for passing escaping air, including rod 27 which connects deflating button 4 to valve 5. 
     For a value of less than 7 bars, the escaping air flow is approximately 3.5 to 4 m 3  /h. 
     All of the above parameters are interdependent. The forms and dimensions of valve 5 and seat 6 are such as to provide tight connection therebetween; the fluid flows are conditioned by the above-mentioned factors as well as by the diameters of conduits 15, 16 and 19 especially, and the free spaces left by the various seals. Of course, to provide optimal functioning of the apparatus, a flow which is as close to laminar as possible is desirable in order to minimize the voltage drop and also avoid turbulences below valve 5 in chamber 9. 
     FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along section A--A of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 3, cone-valve 5 is represented in an alternative embodiment. As in FIG. 1, apparatus 1 includes gauge 2 and sensor 3, as well as electrical circuit 18, which cooperate with the indicator (not shown). Section B--B in FIG. 3 represents the view illustrated in FIG. 1. 
     In the FIG. 3 embodiment, unlike the FIG. 1 embodiment, valve 5 does not include a seal. Instead, air-tight engagement with valve seat 6 is provided by deformation of valve 5. Cone-valve 5 is made, for example, of plastic material having a low coefficient of friction (e.g., nylon, teflon, and so on). In this embodiment, valve 5 approaches seat 6 at a non-zero angle which is approximately 10° to 25°. In the FIG. 1 embodiment, on the other hand, valve seat 6 and seal 8 engage with one another at parallel surfaces. 
     Also in FIG. 3, the deflating circuit is represented by dotted lines which end at symbol r d . During deflating, the air coming from conduit 15 contact sensor 3, passes along the length of valve 5, and is finally discharged into the atmosphere at r&#39; d . As a result, fluid pressure p applied against gauge 2 and admitted by conduit 19 is reduced below the threshold due to the acceleration of the fluid caused by the contraction of the air passageway between vale 5 and seat 6, because of the geometry of chamber 9. This pressure p is not sufficient to deform the membrane of gauge 2 to bring the membrane into electric contact with circuit terminals 18. 
     When deflating is interrupted, the pressure in the apparatus is the same as the pressure in the tire, and there is no air circulation. This tire pressure P, which is greater than the threshold pressure, deforms the membrane of gauge 2 to close the electric circuit between circuit terminals 18. As a result of the circuit being closed, the tire pressure magnitude is indicated on the indicating means. 
     It should be noted that in FIG. 3, chamber 9 has a downward frusto-conical shape, with the opening angle of cone 5 being approximately 47°. Cone valve 5 has an angle of about 40° in this embodiment, and the bottom of chamber 9 diverges relative to the surface of cone valve 5. In other words, the sloped bottom walls of chamber 9 are not parallel with the surface of cone 5. This divergence by non-parallelism creates a Venturi effect on the air which passes through chamber 9. This arrangement improves the air flow and provides adequate reduction of the fluid pressure at the level of gauge 2. 
     FIG. 4 is a view of an alternative inflating-deflating assembly in which gauge 2 and sensor 3 are decentered in relation to deflating button 4. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along section B--B of FIG. 5. In FIG. 4, cone-valve 5 is shown with seal 8, while chamber 9 has a substantially cylindrical geometry. 
     FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along section C--C of the assembly of FIG. 4. To illustrate various additional details, section C--C has been taken in front of deflating button 4. 
     From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.