Abstract:
A touch-screen panel may include a first touch-screen portion, a second touch-screen portion, and a third touch-screen portion. The first portion may include a first transparent electrode set. The second portion may include a second transparent electrode set, may abut the first portion at a first boundary, and may be oriented at a first angle with respect to the first portion. The third portion may include a third transparent electrode set, may abut the first portion at a second boundary, and may be oriented at a second angle with respect to the first portion. A length of the second portion in a direction parallel to the first boundary may be less than a sum of a length of the first portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary and a width of the third portion in a direction perpendicular to second boundary.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
       [0001]    This application claims priority under 35 USC §119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0005821, filed on Jan. 18, 2016 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO); the contents of the Korean Patent Application are incorporated herein by reference. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Technical Field 
         [0003]    The technical field may be related to a touch-screen panel, a method of manufacturing the touch-screen panel, and/or an electronic device that includes the touch-screen panel. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    An electronic device may include a touch-screen panel for receiving user touch input. The touch-screen panel may have bent portions and may be manufactured by bending a flat touch-screen panel. The bending process may result in unwanted folds and/or unwanted cracks in the touch-screen panel. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    According to example embodiments, an electronic device may include a curved touch-screen panel having a shape bent with respect to a first axis and a second axis that intersects with the first axis, where an intersecting region that includes an intersection at which the first axis intersects with the second axis or that is located near the intersection is removed from the curved touch-screen panel, and a body to which the curved touch-screen panel is attached. 
         [0007]    In example embodiments, the intersecting region may include both a portion of the first axis and a portion of the second axis. 
         [0008]    In example embodiments, the intersecting region may include either a portion of the first axis or a portion of the second axis. 
         [0009]    In example embodiments, the intersecting region may include no portion of the first axis and no portion of the second axis. 
         [0010]    In example embodiments, the curved touch-screen panel may be divided into a center remaining region and an outer remaining region by the first axis and the second axis, and a transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region is identical to a transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region. 
         [0011]    In example embodiments, the center remaining region may include N transparent electrode pattern lines, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the outer remaining region may include M transparent electrode pattern lines, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. 
         [0012]    In example embodiments, an electrode pitch of the center remaining region may be equal to an electrode pitch of the outer remaining region. 
         [0013]    In example embodiments, the curved touch-screen panel may be divided into a center remaining region and an outer remaining region by the first axis and the second axis, and a transparent electrode pattern/shape of the center remaining region may be different from a transparent electrode pattern/shape of the outer remaining region. 
         [0014]    In example embodiments, the center remaining region may include N transparent electrode pattern lines, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the outer remaining region may include M transparent electrode pattern lines, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. 
         [0015]    In example embodiments, an electrode pitch of the center remaining region may be equal to an electrode pitch of the outer remaining region. 
         [0016]    In example embodiments, an electrode pitch of the center remaining region may be unequal to an electrode pitch of the outer remaining region. 
         [0017]    In example embodiments, the curved touch-screen panel may include a first transparent electrode layer having a structure in which first transparent electrode patterns are connected in a first direction and a second transparent electrode layer having a structure in which second transparent electrode patterns are connected in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. 
         [0018]    In example embodiments, the curved touch-screen panel may include a single transparent electrode layer having a structure in which first transparent electrode patterns are connected in a first direction and second transparent electrode patterns are connected using bridges in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. 
         [0019]    In example embodiments, the electronic device may further include a curved display panel combined with the curved touch-screen panel, where the curved display panel is manufactured to have a shape that is substantially identical to the shape of the curved touch-screen panel. 
         [0020]    According to example embodiments, a method of manufacturing a curved touch-screen panel may include the following steps: a step of preparing a flat touch-screen panel, a step of determining a first axis and a second axis that intersects with the first axis based on a target shape of the curved touch-screen panel, a step of removing an intersecting region that includes an intersection at which the first axis intersects with the second axis or that is located near the intersection from the flat touch-screen panel, and a step of bending the flat touch-screen panel with respect to the first axis and the second axis to form the target shape of the curved touch-screen panel. 
         [0021]    In example embodiments, the intersecting region may include both a portion of the first axis and a portion of the second axis. 
         [0022]    In example embodiments, the intersecting region may include either a portion of the first axis or a portion of the second axis. 
         [0023]    In example embodiments, the intersecting region may include no portion of the first axis and no portion of the second axis. 
         [0024]    In example embodiments, the flat touch-screen panel may include a first transparent electrode layer having a structure in which first transparent electrode patterns are connected in a first direction and a second transparent electrode layer having a structure in which second transparent electrode patterns are connected in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. 
         [0025]    In example embodiments, the flat touch-screen panel may include a single transparent electrode layer having a structure in which first transparent electrode patterns are connected in a first direction and second transparent electrode patterns are connected using bridges in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. 
         [0026]    Example embodiments may be related to a touch-screen panel. The touch-screen panel may include a first touch-screen portion, a second touch-screen portion, and a third touch-screen portion. The first touch-screen portion may include a first transparent electrode set. The second touch-screen portion may include a second transparent electrode set, may be directly connected to (or abut) the first touch-screen portion at a first boundary (or a first edge of the first touch-screen portion), and may be oriented at a first angle with respect to the first touch-screen portion. The third touch-screen portion may include a third transparent electrode set, may be directly connected to (or abut) the first touch-screen portion at a second boundary (or a second edge of the first touch-screen portion), and may be oriented at a second angle with respect to the first touch-screen portion. The second boundary may not be parallel to the first boundary. A minimum length of the second touch-screen portion in a direction parallel to the first boundary may be less than a sum of a minimum length of the first touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary and a minimum width of the third touch-screen portion in a direction perpendicular to second boundary. 
         [0027]    The first angle may be greater than 0 degree and less than 180 degrees. The second angle may be greater than 0 degree and less than 180 degrees. 
         [0028]    The first angle may be a first obtuse angle. The second angle may be a second obtuse angle. 
         [0029]    A thickness of the first touch-screen portion, a thickness of the second touch-screen portion, and a thickness of the third touch-screen portion may be equal to one another. 
         [0030]    Every two of the first touch-screen portion, the second touch-screen portion, and the third touch-screen portion may be non-coplanar. 
         [0031]    A maximum length of the second touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary may be less than a sum of a maximum length of the first touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary and a maximum width of the third touch-screen portion in the direction perpendicular to second boundary. 
         [0032]    A minimum length of the second touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary may be less than a minimum length of the first touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary. 
         [0033]    A maximum length of the second touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary may be less than a maximum length of the first touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary. 
         [0034]    The first boundary may be positioned between two opposite edges of the third touch-screen portion. 
         [0035]    A first edge of the third touch-screen portion may be positioned between the first boundary and a second edge of the third touch-screen portion. 
         [0036]    Each of a first edge of the second touch-screen portion and a second edge of the second touch-screen portion may extend not parallel to the first boundary. The first edge of the second touch-screen portion may be longer than the second edge of the second touch-screen portion. 
         [0037]    Each of a first edge of the third touch-screen portion and a second edge of the third touch-screen portion may extend not parallel to the second boundary. The first edge of the third touch-screen portion may be longer than the second edge of the third touch-screen portion. 
         [0038]    Each of a first edge of the second touch-screen portion and a second edge of the second touch-screen portion may extend parallel to the first boundary. The first edge of the second touch-screen portion may be longer than the second edge of the second touch-screen portion. 
         [0039]    A shape of an electrode in the second transparent electrode set may be different from a shape of an electrode or each electrode in the third transparent electrode set. 
         [0040]    Shapes of electrodes in the second transparent electrode set may be different from shapes of electrodes or all electrodes in the first transparent electrode set. 
         [0041]    A size of an electrode in the second transparent electrode set may be unequal to a size of each electrode in the third transparent electrode set. 
         [0042]    A shape of an electrode in the second transparent electrode set may be different from a shape of an electrode or each electrode in the first transparent electrode set. 
         [0043]    A size of an electrode in the second transparent electrode set may be unequal to a size of each electrode in the first transparent electrode set. 
         [0044]    The touch-screen panel may include a fourth touch-screen portion. The first touch-screen portion may be positioned between the second touch-screen portion and the fourth touch-screen portion. The fourth touch-screen portion may include a fourth transparent electrode set, may be directly connected to the first touch-screen portion at a third boundary, and may be oriented at a third angle with respect to the first touch-screen portion. The third boundary may be parallel to the first boundary. A minimum length of the fourth touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary may be less than the sum of the minimum length of the first touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary and the minimum width of the third touch-screen portion in a direction perpendicular to second boundary. The minimum length of the second touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary may be less than the minimum length of the fourth touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary. 
         [0045]    A thickness of the fourth touch-screen portion may be equal to a thickness of the first touch-screen portion. 
         [0046]    The fourth touch-screen portion and the first touch-screen portion may not be coplanar. 
         [0047]    A maximum length of the second touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary may be unequal to a maximum length of the fourth touch-screen portion in the direction parallel to the first boundary. 
         [0048]    Example embodiments may be related to a method for manufacturing a touch-screen panel. The method may include preparing a panel that may include a first touch-screen portion, a second touch-screen portion, a third touch-screen portion, and a abutting portion. The first touch-screen portion may include a first transparent electrode set. The second touch-screen portion may include a second transparent electrode set and may be directly connected to the first touch-screen portion at a first boundary. The third touch-screen portion may include a third transparent electrode set and may be directly connected to the first touch-screen portion at a second boundary. The second boundary may be not parallel to the first boundary. The abutting portion may abut at least one of the second touch-screen portion and the third touch-screen portion. The method may include removing the abutting portion to form a remaining panel. The method may include, after the abutting portion has been removed, bending the remaining panel at the first boundary such that the second touch-screen portion may become oriented at a first angle with respect to the first touch-screen portion, and bending the remaining panel at the second boundary such that the third touch-screen portion may become oriented at a second angle with respect to the first touch-screen portion. 
         [0049]    The method may include determining at least one of (e.g., a positon and/or a dimension of) the first boundary and (e.g., a position and/or a dimension of) the second boundary based on a target configuration (e.g., a target shape) of the touch-screen panel. 
         [0050]    The first boundary may be positioned between two opposite edges of the abutting portion before removal of the abutting portion. 
         [0051]    A first edge of the abutting portion may be positioned between the first boundary and a second edge of the abutting portion before removal of the abutting portion. 
         [0052]    Example embodiments may be related to an electronic device that includes at least one of the above-described elements and/or is manufactured using at least one of the above-described steps. 
         [0053]    An electronic device according to example embodiments may include a curved/bent touch-screen panel having non-coplanar touch-screen portions bent with respect to a plurality of axes. The curved/bent touch-screen panel may have substantially no unwanted folds or unwanted cracks. 
         [0054]    In embodiments, a method of manufacturing a curved/bent touch-screen panel may enable the curved touch-screen panel to have non-coplanar touch-screen portions bent with respect to a plurality of axes without or with minimum unwanted folds or unwanted cracks. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0055]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to example embodiments. 
           [0056]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view illustrating an electronic device (e.g., a smart phone) according to example embodiments. 
           [0057]      FIG. 3  is a diagram illustrating an example of a panel prepared for manufacturing a curved touch-screen panel included in an electronic device according to example embodiments. 
           [0058]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating an example of a body included in an electronic device according to example embodiments. 
           [0059]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a process of manufacturing a curved/bent touch-screen panel to be included in an electronic device according to example embodiments. 
           [0060]      FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating an example in which intersecting regions (or abutting portions) are removed for manufacturing a curved/bent touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
           [0061]      FIG. 7A  and  FIG. 7B  are diagrams illustrating transparent electrode layers of a panel (partially-removed panel or remaining panel) prepared for manufacturing a curved/bent touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
           [0062]      FIG. 8A  and  FIG. 8B  are diagrams illustrating transparent electrode layers of a panel (partially-removed panel or remaining panel) prepared for manufacturing a curved/bent touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
           [0063]      FIG. 9  is a diagram illustrating a transparent electrode layer of a panel (partially-removed panel or remaining panel) prepared for manufacturing a curved/bent touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
           [0064]      FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating a transparent electrode layer of a panel (partially-removed panel or remaining panel) prepared for manufacturing a curved/bent touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
           [0065]      FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved/bent touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       [0066]    Embodiments are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
         [0067]    Although the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements, should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, a first element discussed below may be termed a second element without departing from teachings of one or more embodiments. The description of an element as a “first” element may not require or imply the presence of a second element or other elements. The terms “first”, “second”, etc. may also be used herein to differentiate different categories or sets of elements. For conciseness, the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may represent “first-category (or first-set)”, “second-category (or second-set)”, etc., respectively. An “axis” may be a “geometric line” and/or “boundary”. The term “curved” may mean “bent”. The term “pattern” may mean “shape”. 
         [0068]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to example embodiments.  FIG. 2  is a perspective view illustrating the electronic device (e.g., a smart phone) according to example embodiments.  FIG. 3  is a diagram illustrating an example of a prepared panel for manufacturing a curved touch-screen panel included in the electronic device according to example embodiments.  FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating an example of a body included in the electronic device according to example embodiments. 
         [0069]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 through 4 , the electronic device  100  may include a curved touch-screen panel  120  and a body  140  to which the curved touch-screen panel  120  is attached and/or electrically connected. In some example embodiments, the electronic device  100  may further include a curved display panel  160  combined with the curved touch-screen panel  120 , where the curved display panel  120  is manufactured to have a shape that is substantially identical to a shape of the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In an example embodiment, the electronic device  100  may be a smart phone. However, the electronic device  100  is not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device  100  may be/include one of a cellular phone, a video phone, a smart pad, a smart watch, a tablet PC, a car navigation system, a television, a computer monitor, a laptop, a head mounted display (HMD) device, etc. 
         [0070]    The curved touch-screen panel  120  may have a shape bent with respect to a first axis and a second axis that intersects with the first axis. Here, an intersecting region that includes an intersection at which the first axis intersects with the second axis or that is located near the intersection may be removed from the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In an example embodiment, the intersecting region may include both a portion of the first axis and a portion of the second axis. In an example embodiment, the intersecting region may include either a portion of the first axis or a portion of the second axis. In an example embodiment, the intersecting region may include no portion of the first axis and no portion of the second axis. Example embodiments are further described with reference to  FIGS. 5 and 6 . Referring to  FIG. 3 , the curved touch-screen panel  120  may have a shape bent with respect to four axes, namely a first horizontal (i.e., left and right) axis BAXI 1 , a second horizontal axis BAXI 2 , a first vertical (i.e., top and bottom) axis BAXI 3 , and a second vertical axis BAXI 4 . In embodiments, the first horizontal axis BAXI 1  may intersect with the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , the first horizontal axis BAXI 1  may intersect with the second vertical axis BAXI 4 , the second horizontal axis BAXI 2  may intersect with the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , and the second horizontal axis BAXI 2  may intersect with the second vertical axis BAXI 4 . In embodiments, a first intersecting region RMR 1  that includes the intersection of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1  and the first vertical axis BAXI 3  or that is located near the intersection of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1  and the first vertical axis BAXI 3  may be removed from a flat touch-screen panel (i.e., the curved touch-screen panel  120 ). In embodiments, a second intersecting region RMR 2  that includes the intersection of the second horizontal axis BAXI 2  and the first vertical axis BAXI 3  or that is located near the intersection of the second horizontal axis BAXI 2  and the first vertical axis BAXI 3  may be removed from the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In embodiments, a third intersecting region RMR 3  that includes the intersection of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1  and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  or that is located near the intersection of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1  and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  may be removed from the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In embodiments, a fourth intersecting region RMR 4  that includes the intersection of the second horizontal axis BAXI 2  and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  or that is located near the intersection of the second horizontal axis BAXI 2  and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  may be removed from the curved touch-screen panel  120 . Referring to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the curved touch-screen panel  120  may be divided into a center remaining region  120 - 1  and outer remaining regions  120 - 21 ,  120 - 22 ,  120 - 31 , and  120 - 32  by the first horizontal axis BAXI 1 , the second horizontal axis BAXI 2 , the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , and the second vertical axis BAXI 4 . 
         [0071]    In embodiments, the curved touch-screen panel  120  may be manufactured by bending the flat touch-screen panel at or with respect to the first axis and the second axis. In embodiments, since the intersecting regions are removed from the flat touch-screen panel, the curved touch-screen panel  120  may be manufactured substantially without unwanted folds and/or unwanted cracks. Referring to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , since the intersecting regions RMR 1 , RMR 2 , RMR 3 , and RMR 4  are removed from the flat touch-screen panel (i.e., the curved touch-screen panel  120 ), unwanted folds and/or unwanted cracks that can be occur near the intersections of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1 , the second horizontal axis BAXI 2 , the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  may be prevented or minimized when the curved touch-screen panel  120  is manufactured. In an example embodiment, the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include a first transparent electrode layer having first transparent electrode patterns connected in a first direction and may include a second transparent electrode layer having second transparent electrode patterns connected in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. In embodiments, the first transparent electrode layer overlaps the second transparent electrode layer. Portions of transparent electrode layers that correspond to the intersecting regions may be removed. In an example embodiment, the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include a single transparent electrode layer having first transparent electrode patterns connected in a first direction (e.g., an X-axis direction) and having second transparent electrode patterns connected using bridges in a second direction (e.g., a Y-axis direction) perpendicular to the first direction. 
         [0072]    In an example embodiment, the curved touch-screen panel  120  may be divided into the center remaining region and the outer remaining region by the first axis and the second axis, and a transparent electrode pattern/shape/size of the center remaining region may be identical and/or equal to a transparent electrode pattern/shape/size of the outer remaining region. For example, the transparent electrode shape/pattern of the center remaining region of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may be a triangle shape/pattern (and may include a diamond shape/pattern when two transparent electrode shapes/patterns are combined), and the transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may also be the triangle shape pattern. In  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region  120 - 1  may be identical to respective transparent electrode patterns of the outer remaining regions  120 - 21 ,  120 - 22 ,  120 - 31 , and  120 - 32 . In embodiments, the center remaining region  120 - 1  may include N transparent electrode pattern lines, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and each of the outer remaining regions  120 - 21 ,  120 - 22 ,  120 - 31 , and  120 - 32  may include M transparent electrode pattern lines, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1. In embodiments, an electrode pitch of the center remaining region  120 - 1  may be the same as respective electrode pitches of the outer remaining regions  120 - 21 ,  120 - 22 ,  120 - 31 , and  120 - 32 . In an example embodiment, the curved touch-screen panel  120  may be divided into the center remaining region and the outer remaining region by the first axis and the second axis, and a transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region may be different from a transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region. For example, the transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may be a triangle shape pattern (and may include a diamond shape pattern when two transparent electrode patterns are combined), and the transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may be a rectangular shape pattern. In  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region  120 - 1  may be different from respective transparent electrode patterns of the outer remaining regions  120 - 21 ,  120 - 22 ,  120 - 31 , and  120 - 32 . In embodiments, the center remaining region  120 - 1  may include N transparent electrode pattern lines, and each of the outer remaining regions  120 - 21 ,  120 - 22 ,  120 - 31 , and  120 - 32  may include M transparent electrode pattern lines. In embodiments, an electrode pitch of the center remaining region  120 - 1  may be equal or unequal to respective electrode pitches of the outer remaining regions  120 - 21 ,  120 - 22 ,  120 - 31 , and  120 - 32 . In embodiments, it is required to prevent sensing errors from occurring in the center remaining region  120 - 1  and the outer remaining regions  120 - 21 ,  120 - 22 ,  120 - 31 , and  120 - 32 . In embodiments, to make the center remaining region  120 - 1  and each of the outer remaining regions  120 - 21 ,  120 - 22 ,  120 - 31 , and  120 - 32  include a complete shaped transparent electrode pattern, a pitch design of the transparent electrode pattern may be performed by considering that the intersecting regions RMR 1 , RMR 2 , RMR 3 , and RMR 4  corresponding to the intersections of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1 , the second horizontal axis BAXI 2 , the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  are removed from the curved touch-screen panel  120 . 
         [0073]    The curved touch-screen panel  120  may be attached to and/or electrically connected to the body  140 . In some example embodiments, the curved display panel  160  may also be attached to and/or electrically connected to the body  140 . In embodiments, the curved display panel  160  may be manufactured to have a shape that is substantially identical to and/or consistent with the shape of the curved touch-screen panel  120 , and thus the curved display panel  160  may be combined with the curved touch-screen panel  120 . For example, the curved display panel  160  may be an organic light emitting display (OLED) panel or a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel. However, the curved display panel  160  is not limited thereto. Since the curved touch-screen panel  120  and the curved display panel  160  are attached to the body  140 , the body  140  may include a controller (i.e., a touch-screen panel controller and a display panel controller). In embodiments, the controller may control a touch sensor function of the curved touch-screen panel  120  and a display function of the curved display panel  160 . In embodiments, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the body  140  may include a processor  141 , a memory device  142 , a storage device  143 , a function device  144 , a sensing device  145 , and a power supply  146 . Specifically, the processor  141  may perform various computing functions to control operations of the electronic device  100 . For example, the processor  141  may include an application processor (AP), a microprocessor, a central processing unit (CPU), etc. The memory device  142  may store data for the operations of the electronic device  100 . For example, the memory device  142  may include a volatile semiconductor memory device such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) device, a static random access memory (SRAM) device, a mobile DRAM device, etc., and/or a non-volatile semiconductor memory device such as an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) device, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) device, a flash memory device, a phase change random access memory (PRAM) device, a resistance random access memory (RRAM) device, a nano-floating gate memory (NFGM) device, a polymer random access memory (PoRAM) device, a magnetic random access memory (MRAM) device, a ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) device, etc. The storage device  143  may include a solid state drive (SSD) device, a hard disk drive (HDD) device, a CD-ROM device, etc. The function device  144  may perform various functions of the electronic device  100 . For example, the function device  144  may include a camera device that performs a camera function, a communication device that performs a communication function (e.g., a code division multiple access (CDMA) module, a long term evolution (LTE) module, a radio frequency (RF) module, an ultra-wideband (UWB) module, a wireless local area network (WLAN) module, a worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WIMAX) module, etc.), a global positioning system (GPS) device, a microphone (MIC) device, a speaker device, etc. The sensing device  145  may perform various sensing functions of the electronic device  100 . For example, the sensing device  145  may include a gyro sensor that measures a rotating angular speed, an acceleration sensor that measures a speed and a momentum, a geomagnetic field sensor that acts as a compass, a barometer sensor that measures an altitude, a gesture-proximity-illumination sensor that performs various operations such as a motion recognition, a proximity detection, a illumination measurement, etc., a temperature-humidity sensor that measures a temperature and a humidity, and a grip sensor that determines whether the electronic device  100  is gripped by a user, etc. The power supply  146  may provide power for the operations of the electronic device  100 . For example, the power supply  146  may include a battery. 
         [0074]    In embodiments, the electronic device  100  may have non-coplanar touch-screen portions of the curved touch-screen panel  120  bent with respect to a plurality of axes, where the curved touch-screen panel  120  can be manufactured substantially without unwanted folds and/or cracks. In embodiments, when a pressure is continuously applied to the curved touch-screen panel  120  as a user uses the electronic device  100 , the pressure may be effectively dispersed. Thus, undesirable cracks potentially caused by the pressure may be effectively prevented or minimized. As a result, the electronic device  100  may have satisfactory durability. In some example embodiments, the electronic device  100  may further include other components such as the curved display panel  160 . 
         [0075]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a process of manufacturing a curved touch-screen panel to be included in an electronic device according to example embodiments.  FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating an example in which intersecting regions (or abutting portions) are removed for manufacturing a curved touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
         [0076]    Referring to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , a method for manufacturing the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include the following steps: checking a first axis by which a flat touch-screen panel is to be bent (S 120 ), checking a second axis by which the flat touch-screen panel is to be bent (S 140 ), and removing an intersecting region corresponding to an intersection at which the first axis intersects with the second axis from the flat touch-screen panel (S 160 ), where the first axis is perpendicular to the second axis. 
         [0077]    In embodiments, referring to  FIG. 6 , the curved touch-screen panel  120  may have a shape bent with respect to four axes, namely a first horizontal (i.e., left and right) axis BAXI 1 , a second horizontal axis BAXI 2 , a first vertical (i.e., top and bottom) axis BAXI 3 , and a second vertical axis BAXI 4 . In embodiments, the first horizontal axis BAXI 1  may intersect with the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , the first horizontal axis BAXI 1  may intersect with the second vertical axis BAXI 4 , the second horizontal axis BAXI 2  may intersect with the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , and the second horizontal axis BAXI 2  may intersect with the second vertical axis BAXI 4 . Thus, intersecting regions RMR 1 , RMR 2 , RMR 3 , and RMR 4  that include intersections P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4  of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1 , the second horizontal axis BAXI 2 , the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  or that are located near the intersections P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4  may be removed from the flat touch-screen panel (i.e., the curved touch-screen panel  120 ). It is illustrated in  FIG. 6  that the first intersecting region RMR 1  that includes the intersection P 1  of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1  and the first vertical axis BAXI 3  is removed, the second intersecting region RMR 2  that is located near the intersection P 2  of the second horizontal axis BAXI 2  and the first vertical axis BAXI 3  is removed, the third intersecting region RMR 3  that is located near the intersection P 3  of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1  and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  is removed, and the fourth intersecting region RMR 4  that is located near the intersection P 4  of the second horizontal axis BAXI 2  and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  is removed. As a result, referring to  FIG. 6 , the curved touch-screen panel  120  may be divided into a center remaining region  120 - 1  and outer remaining regions  120 - 21 ,  120 - 22 ,  120 - 31 , and  120 - 32  by the first horizontal axis BAXI 1 , the second horizontal axis BAXI 2 , the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , and the second vertical axis BAXI 4 . In an example embodiment, the intersecting region may include both a portion of the first axis and a portion of the second axis. For example, it is illustrated in  FIG. 6  that the first intersecting region RMR 1  includes a portion of the first axis (e.g., the first horizontal axis BAXI 1 ) and a portion of the second axis (e.g., the first vertical axis BAXI 3 ). In an example embodiment, the intersecting region may include either a portion of the first axis or a portion of the second axis. For example, it is illustrated in  FIG. 6  that the second intersecting region RMR 2  includes only a portion of the first axis (e.g., the second horizontal axis BAXI 2 ) and the fourth intersecting region RMR 4  includes only a portion of the second axis (e.g., the second vertical axis BAXI 4 ). In an example embodiment, the intersecting region may include no portion of the first axis and no portion of the second axis. For example, it is illustrated in  FIG. 6  that the third intersecting region RMR 3  includes no portion of the first axis (e.g., the first horizontal axis BAXI 1 ) and no portion of the second axis (e.g., the first vertical axis BAXI 3 ). 
         [0078]    In embodiments, the curved touch-screen panel  120  may be manufactured by bending the remaining flat touch-screen panel with respect to the first axis and the second axis. In embodiments, since the intersecting regions are removed from the flat touch-screen panel, the curved touch-screen panel  120  may be manufactured substantially without unwanted folds and/or unwanted cracks. In embodiments, referring to  FIG. 6 , since the intersecting regions RMR 1 , RMR 2 , RMR 3 , and RMR 4  that include/near the intersections P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4  of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1 , the second horizontal axis BAXI 2 , the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  or that are located near the intersections P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4  of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1 , the second horizontal axis BAXI 2 , the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  are removed from the flat touch-screen panel (i.e., the curved touch-screen panel  120 ), unwanted folds and/or unwanted cracks that can potentially occur near the intersections P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , and P 4  of the first horizontal axis BAXI 1 , the second horizontal axis BAXI 2 , the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , and the second vertical axis BAXI 4  may be prevented when the curved touch-screen panel  120  is manufactured (e.g., when the remaining flat touch-screen panel is bent with respect to or at the first horizontal axis BAXI 1 , the second horizontal axis BAXI 2 , the first vertical axis BAXI 3 , and the second vertical axis BAXI 4 . Although it is illustrated in  FIG. 6  that the first axis by which the flat touch-screen panel is bent to form a shape of the curved touch-screen panel  120  includes two horizontal axes of the curved touch-screen panel  120  (i.e., the first horizontal axis BAXI 1  and the second horizontal axis BAXI 2 ) and the second axis by which the flat touch-screen panel is bent to form the shape of the curved touch-screen panel  120  includes two vertical axes (i.e., the first vertical axis BAXI 3  and the second vertical axis BAXI 4 ), bending axes of the remaining flat touch-screen panel are not limited thereto. For example, the axes by which the remaining flat touch-screen panel is bent may include an extending in a first diagonal direction of the curved touch-screen panel  120 , an axis extending in a second diagonal direction of the curved touch-screen panel  120 , and/or an axis extending not parallel to any edge of the remaining flat touch-screen panel. 
         [0079]      FIGS. 7A and 7B  are diagrams illustrating transparent electrode layers of a panel (partially-removed panel or remaining panel) prepared for manufacturing a curved touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
         [0080]    Referring to  FIGS. 7A and 7B , the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include a first transparent electrode layer  200 - 1  having a structure in which first transparent electrode patterns TED 1  are connected in a first direction (e.g., top and bottom direction) and may include a second transparent electrode layer  200 - 2  having a structure in which second transparent electrode patterns TED 2  are connected in a second direction (e.g., left and right direction) that is perpendicular to the first direction. Specifically, the first transparent electrode layer  200 - 1  may overlap the second transparent electrode layer  200 - 2  in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . The curved touch-screen panel  120  may sense a touch input applied on the curved touch-screen panel  120  based on capacitance changes between the first transparent electrode patterns TED 1  connected in the first direction and the second transparent electrode patterns TED 2  connected in the second direction. As illustrated in  FIGS. 7A and 7B , a transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region may be identical to a transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In embodiments, the center remaining region of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include three transparent electrode pattern lines, and each of the outer remaining regions of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include one transparent electrode pattern line. In embodiments, since the transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region is identical to the transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 , an electrode pitch of the center remaining region may be equal to an electrode pitch of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In embodiments, it is required to prevent sensing errors from occurring in the center remaining region and the outer remaining regions of the curved touch-screen panel  120 . Thus, a pitch design of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., TED 1  and TED 2 ) may be performed to make the center remaining region and the outer remaining regions include a complete shaped transparent electrode pattern. Since a shape of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., TED 1  and TED 2 ) illustrated in  FIGS. 7A and 7B  is an example, the shape of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., TED 1  and TED 2 ) of the curved touch-screen panel  120  is not limited thereto. 
         [0081]      FIGS. 8A and 8B  are diagrams illustrating transparent electrode layers of a panel (partially-removed panel or remaining panel) prepared for manufacturing a curved touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
         [0082]    Referring to  FIGS. 8A and 8B , the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include a first transparent electrode layer  300 - 1  having a structure in which first transparent electrode patterns TED 1 - 1  and TED 1 - 2  are connected in a first direction (e.g., top and bottom direction) and may include a second transparent electrode layer  300 - 2  having a structure in which second transparent electrode patterns TED 2 - 1  and TED 2 - 2  are connected in a second direction (e.g., left and right direction) that is perpendicular to the first direction. Specifically, the first transparent electrode layer  300 - 1  may overlap the second transparent electrode layer  300 - 2  in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . The curved touch-screen panel  120  may sense a touch input applied on the curved touch-screen panel  120  based on capacitance changes between the first transparent electrode patterns TED 1 - 1  and TED 1 - 2  connected in the first direction and the second transparent electrode patterns TED 2 - 1  and TED 2 - 2  connected in the second direction. As illustrated in  FIGS. 8A and 8B , a transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region may be different from a transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In embodiments, the transparent electrode patterns TED 1 - 1  of the center remaining region may be different from the transparent electrode patterns TED 1 - 2  of the outer remaining region in the first transparent electrode layer  300 - 1 , and the transparent electrode patterns TED 2 - 1  of the center remaining region may be different from the transparent electrode patterns TED 2 - 2  of the outer remaining region in the second transparent electrode layer  300 - 2 . In embodiments, the center remaining region of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include three transparent electrode pattern lines, and each of the outer remaining regions of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include two transparent electrode pattern lines. In embodiments, since the transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region is different from the transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 , an electrode pitch of the center remaining region may be unequal to an electrode pitch of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In some example embodiments, although the transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region is different from the transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 , the electrode pitch of the center remaining region may be equal to the electrode pitch of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In embodiments, it is required to prevent sensing errors from occurring in the center remaining region and the outer remaining regions of the curved touch-screen panel  120 . Thus, a pitch design of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., TED 1 - 1 , TED 1 - 2 , TED 2 - 1 , and TED 2 - 2 ) may be performed to make the center remaining region and the outer remaining regions include a complete shaped transparent electrode pattern. Since a shape of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., TED 1 - 1 , TED 1 - 2 , TED 2 - 1 , and TED 2 - 2 ) illustrated in  FIGS. 8A and 8B  is an example, the shape of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., TED 1 - 1 , TED 1 - 2 , TED 2 - 1 , and TED 2 - 2 ) of the curved touch-screen panel  120  is not limited thereto. 
         [0083]      FIG. 9  is a diagram illustrating a transparent electrode layer of a panel (partially-removed panel or remaining panel) prepared for manufacturing a curved touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
         [0084]    Referring to  FIG. 9 , the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include a single transparent electrode layer  400  having a structure in which first transparent electrode patterns TED 1  are connected in a first direction (e.g., top and bottom direction) and second transparent electrode patterns TED 2  are connected using bridges BRIG in a second direction (e.g., left and right direction) that is perpendicular to the first direction. Specifically, the curved touch-screen panel  120  may sense a touch input applied on the curved touch-screen panel  120  based on capacitance changes between the first transparent electrode patterns TED 1  connected in the first direction and the second transparent electrode patterns TED 2  connected in the second direction. As illustrated in  FIG. 9 , a transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region may be identical to a transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In embodiments, the center remaining region of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include three transparent electrode pattern lines extending in the first direction and two transparent electrode pattern lines extending in the second direction, and each of the outer remaining regions of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include one transparent electrode pattern line. In embodiments, since the transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region is identical to the transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 , an electrode pitch of the center remaining region may be equal to an electrode pitch of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In embodiments, it is required to prevent sensing errors from occurring in the center remaining region and the outer remaining regions of the curved touch-screen panel  120 . Thus, a pitch design of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., TED 1  and TED 2 ) may be performed to make the center remaining region and the outer remaining regions include a complete shaped transparent electrode pattern. Since a shape of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., TED 1  and TED 2 ) illustrated in  FIG. 9  is an example, the shape of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., TED 1  and TED 2 ) of the curved touch-screen panel  120  is not limited thereto. 
         [0085]      FIG. 10  is a diagram illustrating a transparent electrode layer of a panel (partially-removed panel or remaining panel) prepared for manufacturing a curved touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
         [0086]    Referring to  FIG. 10 , the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include a single transparent electrode layer  500  having a structure in which first transparent electrode patterns LTED 1 , STED 1 , and WTED 1  are connected in a first direction (e.g., top and bottom direction) and second transparent electrode patterns LTED 2 , STED 2 , and WTED 2  are connected using bridges BRIG in a second direction (e.g., left and right direction) that is perpendicular to the first direction. Specifically, the curved touch-screen panel  120  may sense a touch input applied on the curved touch-screen panel  120  based on capacitance changes between the first transparent electrode patterns LTED 1 , STED 1 , and WTED 1  connected in the first direction and the second transparent electrode patterns LTED 2 , STED 2 , and WTED 2  connected in the second direction. As illustrated in  FIG. 10 , a transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region may be different from a transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In embodiments, the transparent electrode patterns LTED 1  and LTED 2  of the center remaining region may be different from the transparent electrode patterns STED 1  and STED 2  of the outer remaining region in the single transparent electrode layer  500 , and the transparent electrode patterns LTED 1  and LTED 2  of the center remaining region may be different from the transparent electrode patterns WTED 1  and WTED 2  of the outer remaining region in the single transparent electrode layer  500 . In embodiments, the center remaining region of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include three transparent electrode pattern lines extending in the first direction and two transparent electrode pattern lines extending in the second direction, and each of the outer remaining regions of the curved touch-screen panel  120  may include two transparent electrode pattern lines extending in the first direction and three transparent electrode pattern lines extending in the second direction or may include three transparent electrode pattern lines extending in the first direction and two transparent electrode pattern lines extending in the second direction. In embodiments, since the transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region is different from the transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 , an electrode pitch of the center remaining region may be unequal to an electrode pitch of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In some example embodiments, although the transparent electrode pattern of the center remaining region is different from the transparent electrode pattern of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 , the electrode pitch of the center remaining region may be equal to the electrode pitch of the outer remaining region in the curved touch-screen panel  120 . In embodiments, it is required to prevent sensing errors from occurring in the center remaining region and the outer remaining regions of the curved touch-screen panel  120 . Thus, a pitch design of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., LTED 1 , LTED 2 , STED 1 , STED 2 , WTED 1 , and WTED 2 ) may be performed to make the center remaining region and the outer remaining regions include a complete shaped transparent electrode pattern. Since a shape of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., LTED 1 , LTED 2 , STED 1 , STED 2 , WTED 1 , and WTED 2 ) illustrated in  FIG. 10  is an example, the shape of the transparent electrode pattern (i.e., LTED 1 , LTED 2 , STED 1 , STED 2 , WTED 1 , and WTED 2 ) of the curved touch-screen panel  120  is not limited thereto. 
         [0087]      FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a curved touch-screen panel according to example embodiments. 
         [0088]    Referring to  FIG. 11 , the method of manufacture a curved touch-screen panel may include the following steps: preparing a flat touch-screen panel (S 220 ), determining a first axis and a second axis that intersects with the first axis based on a target shape of the curved touch-screen panel (S 240 ), removing an intersecting region that includes an intersection at which the first axis intersects with the second axis or that is located near the intersection from the flat touch-screen panel (S 260 ), and bending the flat touch-screen panel with respect to the first axis and the second axis to form the target shape of the curved touch-screen panel (S 280 ). In an example embodiment, the intersecting region may include both a portion of the first axis and a portion of the second axis. In an example embodiment, the intersecting region may include either a portion of the first axis or a portion of the second axis. In an example embodiment, the intersecting region may include no portion of the first axis and no portion of the second axis. In an example embodiment, the flat touch-screen panel prepared for manufacturing the curved touch-screen panel may include a first transparent electrode layer having a structure in which first transparent electrode patterns are connected in a first direction and a second transparent electrode layer having a structure in which second transparent electrode patterns are connected in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. In an example embodiment, the flat touch-screen panel prepared for manufacturing the curved touch-screen panel may include a single transparent electrode layer having a structure in which first transparent electrode patterns are connected in a first direction and second transparent electrode patterns are connected using bridges in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction. Since example embodiments are described above, duplicated description related thereto will not be repeated. Although an electronic device and a method of manufacturing a curved touch-screen panel according to example embodiments are described with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 11 , possible embodiments are not limited to the described embodiments. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the example embodiments. 
         [0089]    Embodiments may be applied to a touch-screen panel and an electronic device (e.g., a mobile device) including the touch-screen panel. For example, embodiments may be applied to one or more of a cellular phone, a smart phone, a video phone, a smart pad, a smart watch, a tablet PC, a car navigation system, a television, a computer monitor, a laptop, a head mounted display device, etc. 
         [0090]    Although a few example embodiments have been described, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the example embodiments. All such modifications are intended to be included within the scope defined in the claims.