Abstract:
A product is inserted subcutaneously, either manually or mechanically, into domesticated or wild animals to assist in tracking domesticated or wild animals. The product and methods of using include GPS transmitting or any other electronic device to locate and find a lost pet, livestock, migratory movements of birds, or the study of any and all aquatic life. A central data base or a location information receiving device allows an owner/caregiver to locate the animals.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/903,614, filed Feb. 27, 2007, the contents of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0002]    Not applicable. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0004]    The presently disclosed and claimed inventive process(es), methodology(ies), apparatus(es) and composition(s) relate to tracking domesticated or wild animals and, more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to systems utilizing a GPS device inserted subcutaneously into domesticated or wild animals. More particularly, the presently disclosed and claimed inventive process(es), methodology(ies), apparatus(es) and composition(s) relate to using GPS implants to monitor the location of pets or livestock, to provide notification if the location of a pet or livestock is outside an allowable zone, and to monitor and study the migratory patterns of wildlife, birds and aquatic animals. 
         [0005]    2. Background of the Invention 
         [0006]    In the pet and the commercial livestock industries, constant care and oversight of animals is a task administered by a person charged with the care and oversight of those animals. For pets, the owner or caregiver can inhibit the movement of those pets by keeping them caged or confined indoors. However, it is considered beneficial and preferred by many owners to allow their pets to roam about a property with more freedom to exercise as well as safeguard a larger outdoor property. Still, pet owners constantly must concern themselves with monitoring the location of their pets, both for the purposes of safety of the pets and for the safety of any third parties that may come into contact with the pets. 
         [0007]    Similarly, in the commercial livestock industry, it is desirable to monitor the location of one&#39;s stock for many reasons. First, if a member of the livestock is sick, the owner or caregiver must provide constant supervision. Second, in rural habitats, predators may attack or run the livestock away from normal habitats. Third, if a member escapes its confined or fenced-in area, the member is a risk to, and at risk from, outside hazards such as moving vehicles. Considering the high value of livestock that is bred to specification and/or fills a niche for the market, it is understandably important to know the whereabouts of the livestock. 
         [0008]    Current systems of monitoring animals are inadequate. Though video monitoring of animals may provide more information if the animals are in the planned habitat, the efficacy of any system that is fixed upon a planned habitat is negated if a member of the livestock or the pet escapes or otherwise leaves the planned habitat. A number of solutions involve GPS monitoring of animals through placing a transmitter on a collar or tag. This system, while accomplishing a more complete monitoring of animals, leaves unaddressed the common scenario of collars and tags becoming detached from the animal. 
         [0009]    Another area involving animal tracking and monitoring is the study of wildlife. Research teams have attached GPS transmitters to birds and other animals in an effort to provide information on habits and migration routes. However, the use of GPS collars and other attachments have had harmful effects on the animals. For example, the transmitter packages can impair movement by becoming snagged in vegetation, animals themselves have become entangled in loose collars or harnesses, birds endure chaffing or feather loss, and aquatic fish and animals experience increased drag when swimming. 
         [0010]    Thus, it can be seen that there is a continued need for animal owners and wildlife researchers to monitor pets, livestock and wildlife in a manner that is more widespread than its planned habitat. There is also a need to track pets and livestock if they escape the planned habitat. It can further be seen that an approach is needed to provide central database services to the two industries of pet care and commercial livestock which will monitor if the animals breach a predetermined perimeter and report such information to the owners in real-time. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    The present invention achieves its intended purposes, objects, and advantages through a new, useful, and unobvious combination of component elements, with the use of a minimum number of functioning parts, at a reasonable cost to manufacture, and by employing only readily available materials. In these respects, the present version of the invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art and, in so doing, provides an apparatus that substantially fulfills this need. Additionally, the prior patents and commercial techniques do not suggest the present inventive combination of component elements arranged and configured as disclosed herein. 
         [0012]    A system for monitoring and tracking the location of at least one animal includes a GPS implant and a portable locating device. The GPS implant is designed to be transplanted subcutaneously into an animal and is capable of communicating spatial information related to the location of the animal. The portable locating device includes a first receiver for receiving the spatial information communicated from the GPS implant related to the location of the animal. The portable locating device also includes a communication port, a processor having a memory containing data defining an allowable zone, and a location monitoring program. The location monitoring program is stored within the memory and includes first instructional signals for comparing the spatial information communicated from the GPS implant against the data defining an allowable zone, and determining when the at least one animal is outside the allowable zone. The location monitoring program includes second instructional signals for communicating response signals from the portable locating device, or from the communication port of the portable locating device, when the at least one animal is outside the allowable zone. 
         [0013]    A method for monitoring the location of an animal includes the following steps. A GPS implant is inserted subcutaneously into the animal. The GPS implant communicates information relating to the location of the animal to a first receiver of a portable locating device. The portable locating device includes the first receiver, a memory, a processor, and a communication port. The user provides allowable zone data to the locating device memory. The locating device then uses the processor to compare the location information communicated by the GPS implant against the allowable zone data and determines if the animal is within the allowable zone. The locating device generates and sends response signal(s) out the communication port when it is determined that the animal is outside the allowable zone. 
         [0014]    Further, movements of wild animals such as migratory movements of birds, or the study of any and all aquatic life, can be monitored using the system of the present invention. Additionally, the GPS implant can be in a form to be ballistically implanted into the wildlife, thereby avoiding the need for capture of the animal and manual insertion of the GPS implant. 
         [0015]    These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following drawings, description and claims. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention. The foregoing has outlined some of the more pertinent aspects of the invention. These aspects should be construed to be merely illustrative of some of the more prominent features and applications of the present invention. Many other beneficial results can be attained by applying the disclosed invention in a different manner or by modifying the invention within the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other aspects and objects may be discerned from a fuller understanding of the invention and the detailed description of the preferred embodiments in addition to the scope of the invention illustrated by the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0016]      FIG. 1  is a simplified schematic representation of a system for monitoring the location of an animal in accordance with the presently disclosed and claimed inventive process(es), methodology(ies), apparatus(es) and system(s). 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  is a simplified schematic representation of a method for establishing and programming a confinement perimeter. 
           [0018]      FIG. 3  is a simplified schematic representation of a method for monitoring the location of animals within a control perimeter and reporting events to owners, in accordance with the presently disclosed and claimed inventive process(es), methodology(ies), apparatus(es) and system(s). 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  is a simplified schematic representation of a method for monitoring animals within a predetermined distance and reporting to owners, in accordance with the presently disclosed and claimed inventive process(es), methodology(ies), apparatus(es) and system(s). 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020]    Before explaining the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction, experiments, exemplary data, and/or the arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
         [0021]    Pet owners and commercial livestock owners desire a system to monitor their animals that is durable, consistent and capable of providing instant and continuous flow of information. The system should not be capable of detaching from the animal through rough play or attack or malfunctioning through other exposure to natural elements such as weather. A system must be capable of solving the problem of communicating information regarding the animals&#39; location to the owners and any other party that needs to have instantaneous access to such information. 
         [0022]    Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a location monitoring system  10  of the present invention includes a GPS implant  12  and a portable locating device  14 . In contrast to previous attempts to track animals, a GPS implant  12  is transplanted subcutaneously into an animal and therefore remains embedded in the animal, avoiding the possible detachment or malfunction of a conventional GPS receiving device that is attached to the exterior of an animal, its collar or tag. GPS implant  12  receives GPS signals from which the implant&#39;s coordinates can be determined. Spatial information related to the location of the animal can be communicated to the first receiver  15  of the portable locating device  14 . For example, the GPS implant can compute its coordinates and transmit these coordinates to the first receiver  15  of the portable locating device  14 . Alternatively, the GPS implant may function to transmit the GPS signals to the first receiver  15  of the portable locating device  14  which can compute the coordinates of the GPS implant. 
         [0023]    The term “GPS implant” is used herein to refer to any device that can be inserted subcutaneously or otherwise within a living body and whose location can be tracked using Global Positioning Satellite technology. The GPS implant can be an encapsulated implant including an antenna, a signal transmitter, a controller, and a power source such as a battery, or it can include an element for receiving and storing energy such as a capacitor. Previous implant systems known to those skilled in the art and available commercially have used implanted passive electronic devices that emit a radio frequency when activated by a scanner. More recently, efforts to reduce the physical dimensions of GPS units have led to manufacture of units that can be transplanted subcutaneously or otherwise within a living body. 
         [0024]    To reduce the size of the GPS implant, recent transcutaneous recharging systems such as those used for full-implantable middle ear hearing devices can be employed. An induction-based power recharging system similar to the recharging systems developed for implantable pacemakers can be used. In one embodiment, the GPS implant includes neither a battery nor an element for storing energy but rather energy is induced into the antenna and used to power the controller and generate and transmit the signal. Examples of such implants are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,963,132 and 4,333,072, for example. 
         [0025]    Other examples of suitable GPS implants include the implantable personal location device developed by Applied Digital Solutions. The induction-based power-recharging method used by Applied Digital Solutions is similar to that used to recharge implantable pacemakers and requires no physical connection between the power source and the implant. 
         [0026]    In other embodiments, the GPS implant can be in a form to be implanted mechanically such as with a dosing gun, or ballistically such as with an airgun. Thus, either hand-held implant administration or ballistic implantation can be utilized. If the system is used for tracking and monitoring wildlife, ballistic implantation can be particularly useful. Ballistic implantation airguns and methods are known to those skilled in the art and are described in, for example, International Patent Publication No. WO 2006/017308 A1. 
         [0027]    The portable locating device  14  can include a second GPS receiver  16  for receiving GPS signals indicating the coordinates and location of the portable locating device  14 . The spatial information relating to the location of the animal and the GPS implant  12 , and the spatial information relating to the location of the portable locating device  14  can be received and transmitted continuously or, in an effort to conserve energy, can be received and transmitted periodically or upon request. For example, the portable locating device  14  can enable the GPS implant to communicate spatial information every 5 minutes. 
         [0028]    The portable locating device  14  can include a processor  18 , battery  20 , and a communication port  22 . The processor  18  can be, for example, a microprocessor or controller for which the use and construction are well known to those skilled in the art. Processor  18  utilizes a memory  24  which provides the storage substrate for a location monitoring program  26 . The communication port  22  provides the ability to communicate externally via wired or wireless means to a receiving site  28 . 
         [0029]    In one mode, the location monitoring program  26  instructs the processor  18  to compare the location of the GPS implant  12  to a predetermined allowable zone wherein the predetermined allowable zone is defined by perimeter data input by the user. As shown in  FIG. 3 , if the GPS implant  12  is within the predetermined allowable zone, then after an optional delay, location coordinates are again received and compared. If it is determined that the GPS implant is outside the predetermined allowable zone, the processor  18  generates and sends response signals out the communication port  22 . In one embodiment, the portable locating device  14  can connect to a standard phone system or to the Internet in a wired or wireless manner to send an alert or message to the animal owner, caregiver, or other designee. For example, the portable locating device  14  may connect through an RJ-11 jack to a phone system to deliver the alert or message. Alternatively, the portable locating device  14  can send a text message alert via Short Message Service to a wireless device such as a mobile phone, pager, Blackberry™, and the like. Response signals can be sent to an external receiving site  28  through a broadband Internet connection, or an alert delivered to a monitoring service or an Internet site comprising a network operating center monitoring service. Such a monitoring service can then send user-defined messages to alert the user or other care giver. 
         [0030]    The user can also define a confinement perimeter using the second GPS receiver  16  of the portable locating device  14  for receiving GPS signals from a GPS source such as positional satellites. As outlined in  FIG. 2 , in a perimeter programming mode, the user can move to a point along the perimeter and press “ENTER” and “1” buttons on the locating device. GPS signals representing the coordinates of portable locating device  14  are received by the unit and stored in memory  24 . The user can walk along the perimeter while the locating device  14  continuously or periodically receives GPS signals representing its coordinates. Once the entire perimeter is traversed and recorded, the user can, for example, press an “OK” or “END” button on the locator unit  14  and the unit will stop recording. Multiple zones can be defined and stored in memory  24  in the same manner. 
         [0031]    The portable locating device  14  can use the GPS receiver  16  for tracking its own location and comparing that location to the location of the GPS implant  12 . In this mode, the user can define the allowable zone as a predetermined distance between the GPS implant  12  and the portable locating device  14 . For example, if the user wishes to walk the animal unleashed, the user can manually enter an allowable distance between the GPS implant  12  and the portable locating device  14 . The user can then either carry the portable locating device  14  or let it remain at a fixed location. Once the animal strays more than the allowable distance from the portable locating device, the device can, for example, sound an alarm  30 , or otherwise alert the user in a customized manner. 
         [0032]    The portable locating device can be used to find the animal by activating a visual display  32 . By using the visual display  32  and activating a mapping mode, the location of the animal or GPS implant can be shown on a map, signals for which are stored in memory  24  and displayed on the visual display  32 . Maps can optionally be downloaded or updated from an Internet site  34 . In one embodiment, the visual display  32  can provide a split screen showing a mapped location of the GPS implant along side a mapped location of the portable location device. 
         [0033]    An advantage of the present system is that the owner/caregiver can receive information in real time regarding the animal&#39;s exact whereabouts. While the discussions above have been directed to companion animals, the systems, devices and methods apply to livestock and wildlife. For example, the system can be used for the study of migratory movements of birds, or the study of any and all aquatic life. 
         [0034]    As has been demonstrated, the present invention provides an advantageous system that provides an animal owner with a technologically superior means of monitoring animals and of tracking lost animals or those breaching a preset virtual barrier. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims shall be construed to include both preferred embodiment and all such variations and modifications as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.