Abstract:
A SAW device comprises input/output interdigital transducer (IDT) electrodes ( 11, 12 ) provided on piezoelectric substrates ( 10 ), a first reflector electrode ( 13 ) following the input IDT electrode ( 11 ), and a second reflector electrode ( 14 ) preceding the output IDT electrode ( 12 ). The device satisfies the following inequality (1) to provide preferable characteristics in a pass band: 2(θ−5)≦tan −1 (D/L)≦2(θ+5) where θ: the inclination (in degree, except zero) of the first or second reflector electrode of the input and output IDT electrodes with respect to a plane perpendicular to the direction in which surface acoustic waves travel. D: the pitch (in micron) of the input and output IDT electrodes in the direction in which surface acoustic waves travel. L: the pitch (in micron) of the first and second reflector electrodes.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device for use in radio frequency circuits and the like of a wireless communications device.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE TECHNOLOGY  
         [0002]    In an application where the pass band is relatively wide and the flatness of the phase characteristics within the pass band is important as in filters for use in the IF stage in CDMA devices which are drawing attention in recent years, a surface acoustic wave device is suitable as the amplitude characteristics and the phase characteristics can be independently designed. Also, with the progress of downsizing and weight reduction of mobile terminals, miniaturization of surface acoustic wave devices for IF stage is also being demanded. Accordingly, improved versions of transversal type surface acoustic wave devices are being developed.  
           [0003]    In a conventional surface acoustic wave device, as shown in FIG. 14, input and output interdigital transducer electrodes (hereinafter IDT electrodes)  101  and  102  are provided in parallel on a piezoelectric substrate  100 , first reflector electrodes  103  are provided between the end on the output side of the input IDT electrode and an end of the piezoelectric substrate  100 , and second reflector electrodes  104  are provided between the end on the input side of the output IDT electrode  102  and an end of the piezoelectric substrate  100 . Also, the first and second reflector electrodes  103 ,  104  are obliquely provided relative to the direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves.  
           [0004]    When an electrical signal is inputted to the input terminal of this surface acoustic wave device, surface acoustic waves propagate through the input IDT electrode  101 , reflect at the first reflector electrodes  103 , propagate to the second reflector electrodes  104 , reflect at the second reflector electrodes  104 , propagate to the output IDT electrode  102 , and are put out from the output terminal.  
           [0005]    Accordingly, when compared with a transversal type surface acoustic wave device, the size can be made smaller by the amount of overlap of the input and output IDT electrodes  101 ,  102  in the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves.  
           [0006]    In a surface acoustic wave device having this structure, the state of reflection of surface acoustic waves differs depending on the angle of inclination of the first and second reflector electrodes  103 ,  104  relative to the input and output IDT electrodes  101 ,  102 , thus affecting the in-passband characteristics.  
           [0007]    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a surface acoustic wave device that can efficiently transmit surface acoustic waves from the input IDT electrode to the output IDT electrode and hence has a superior in-passband characteristic.  
         DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    In order to achieve the above object, a first surface acoustic wave device of the present invention comprises a piezoelectric substrate, input and output IDT electrodes provided on the piezoelectric substrate in a manner such that the directions of propagation of surface acoustic waves are in parallel, a first reflector electrode disposed on the side of output of the surface acoustic waves of the input IDT electrode, and a second reflector electrode provided on the side of input of the surface acoustic waves of the output IDT electrode, and satisfies Equation (1). As it can efficiently propagate surface acoustic waves, it provides a superior in-passband characteristic.  
           2(θ−5)≦tan −1 (D/L)≦2(θ+5)   (1)  
           [0009]    where  
           [0010]    θ: angle of inclination (in degrees excluding zero degree) of the first or the second reflector electrode relative to a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the input and output IDT electrodes;  
           [0011]    D: center-to-center distance in μm of the widths of the input and output IDT electrodes in the direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves;  
           [0012]    L: center-to-center distance in μm of the first reflector electrode and the second reflector electrode.  
           [0013]    In addition, by designing the value of θ to be equal to or smaller than 25°, this device may be made further superior in its in-passband characteristics.  
           [0014]    Furthermore, by designing the reflection coefficients of the first and second reflector electrodes to be approximately equal to unity, insertion loss of the device may be lowered.  
           [0015]    Yet furthermore, by designing at least one of the input and output IDT electrodes to be a unidirectional electrode, insertion loss of the device may be lowered.  
           [0016]    Yet furthermore, by electrically connecting as well as grounding the first and second reflector electrodes of the device with a connect electrode provided between the input and output IDT electrodes, the cable run electrode works as a shielding electrode and prevents electromagnetic coupling between the input and output IDT electrodes thereby increasing the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation.  
           [0017]    Yet furthermore, by dividing the first and second reflector electrodes of the device into more than one unit, the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation may be further increased.  
           [0018]    Yet furthermore, by making the cable run electrode broader than the bus bars of the input and output IDT electrodes of the device, shielding effect may be further enhanced.  
           [0019]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by providing on at least one of the ends on the sides of the input and output IDT electrodes of the first or the second reflector electrodes an electrode finger having the same pitch, width, and angle of inclination as the electrode fingers of the above-mentioned reflector electrodes but shorter in length than the above-mentioned electrode fingers, a filter waveform close to a rectangle may be realized.  
           [0020]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by providing at the end on the IDT electrode side of the reflector electrodes provided with a short electrode finger and in parallel with the electrode fingers of the IDT electrodes an electrode finger, having a width approximately equal to ⅛ of the wavelength of surface acoustic waves, for connecting ends of electrode fingers, unwanted reflection may be prevented.  
           [0021]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by making the reflection characteristics of the first reflector electrodes and the second reflector electrodes different, the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation may be increased.  
           [0022]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by making the metalization ratios of the first and second reflector electrodes to be in the range 0.45 to 0.75, reflection efficiency per electrode finger of the reflector electrodes may be enhanced thus enabling size reduction of the reflector electrodes.  
           [0023]    Yet furthermore, with this device, the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation may be increased by making the width of some of the electrode fingers of the reflector electrodes greater than the width of other electrode fingers.  
           [0024]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by providing a third reflector electrode on the side opposite the side where the first reflector electrode of the input IDT electrode is provided at a predetermined distance from the input IDT electrode, and providing a fourth reflector electrode on the side opposite the side where the second reflector electrode of the output IDT electrode is provided at a predetermined distance from the output IDT electrode, bi-directional surface acoustic waves propagating through the input IDT electrode may be efficiently propagated to the output IDT electrode.  
           [0025]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by configuring at least one of the input and output IDT electrodes with a split electrode having an electrode finger width approximately equal to λ/8 (λ: wavelength of surface acoustic waves), internal reflection within the input and output IDT electrodes may be prevented and a wide and flat pass band may be provided.  
           [0026]    Yet furthermore, with this device, when the input and output terminals of the surface acoustic wave device are of unbalanced type, by grounding the input and output terminals on the side of opposing input and output IDT electrodes, electromagnetic coupling between the input and output IDT electrodes may be prevented and a large quantity of out-of-passband attenuation may be obtained.  
           [0027]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by providing an acoustic absorber between the first and second reflector electrodes and the end in the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the piezoelectric substrate, unwanted reflected waves at the end of the piezoelectric substrate may be absorbed and a flat pass band may be obtained.  
           [0028]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by providing a sound-absorbing material also between the first and second reflector electrodes and the end parallel to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the piezoelectric substrate, unwanted reflected waves at the end of the piezoelectric substrate may be further absorbed and a flat pass band may be obtained.  
           [0029]    A second surface acoustic wave device of the present invention comprises a piezoelectric substrate, input and output IDT electrodes provided in parallel on the piezoelectric substrate, first to fourth reflector electrodes provided on both sides of the input and output IDT electrodes, and a fifth reflector electrode provided between the input and output IDT electrodes, where the first to the fourth reflector electrodes are inclined by roughly the same angles relative to a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves, thus providing a surface acoustic wave device small in size and superior in the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation.  
           [0030]    Additionally, with this device, by satisfying Equation (2), surface acoustic waves may be efficiently propagated.  
           2(θ−5)≦tan −1 (D/L)≦2(θ+5)   (2)  
           [0031]    where  
           [0032]    θ: angle of inclination (in degrees excluding zero degree) of one or more of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes relative to a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the input and output IDT electrodes;  
           [0033]    D: center-to-center distance in μm of the widths of the input and output IDT electrodes in the direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves;  
           [0034]    L: center-to-center distance in μm of the first reflector electrode and the second reflector electrode.  
           [0035]    In addition, by designing the value of θ to be equal to or smaller than 25°, this device may be made further superior in its in-passband characteristics.  
           [0036]    Furthermore, by designing the reflection coefficients of the first to fifth reflector electrodes to be approximately equal to unity, insertion loss of the device may be lowered.  
           [0037]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by configuring at least one of the input and output IDT electrodes with a split electrode having an electrode finger width approximately equal to λ/8 (λ: wavelength of the surface acoustic wave), internal reflection inside the input and output IDT electrodes may be prevented and a wide and flat pass band may be provided.  
           [0038]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by making the fifth reflector electrode work as a shielding electrode by grounding it, electromagnetic coupling between the input and output IDT electrodes may be prevented thus providing a device having a large quantity out-of-passband attenuation.  
           [0039]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by providing on at least one of the ends on the side of the input and output IDT electrodes of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes an electrode finger having the same pitch, width, and angle of inclination as the electrode fingers of the reflector electrodes but shorter in length than the electrode fingers, a filter waveform close to a rectangle may be obtained.  
           [0040]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by providing at the end on the IDT electrodes side of the reflector electrode provided with a short electrode finger and in parallel with the electrode fingers of the IDT electrodes an electrode finger having a width approximately equal to ⅛ of the wavelength of surface acoustic waves for connecting ends of electrode fingers, unwanted reflection may be prevented.  
           [0041]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by making the reflection characteristics of the first and second reflector electrodes different from those of the third and fourth reflector electrodes, the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation may be increased.  
           [0042]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by making the metalization ratios of the first to the fifth reflector electrodes to be in the range 0.45 to 0.75, reflection efficiency per electrode finger may be enhanced thus enabling size reduction of the reflector electrodes.  
           [0043]    Yet furthermore, with this device, the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation may be increased by making the width of some of the electrode fingers of at least one of the first to the fifth reflector electrodes greater than the width of other electrode fingers.  
           [0044]    Yet furthermore, with this device, when the input and output terminals of the surface acoustic wave device are of unbalanced type, by grounding the input and output terminals on the side of opposing input and output IDT electrodes, electromagnetic coupling between the input and output IDT electrodes may be prevented and a large quantity of out-of-passband attenuation may be obtained.  
           [0045]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by providing a sound-absorbing material between the first to the firth reflector electrodes and the end of the piezoelectric substrate in the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves, unwanted reflected waves at the end of the piezoelectric substrate may be absorbed and a flat pass band may be obtained.  
           [0046]    Yet furthermore, with this device, by providing a sound-absorbing material also between the first to the fourth reflector electrodes and the end of the piezoelectric substrate in the direction parallel to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves, unwanted reflected waves at the end of the piezoelectric substrate may be further absorbed and a flat pass band may be obtained.  
           [0047]    A communications device in accordance with the present invention is one including a mixer, a surface acoustic wave device in accordance with the present invention of which the input side is connected to the output side of the mixer, and an amplifier of which the input side is connected to the output side of the surface acoustic wave device, and enabling reduction in the number of factors related to amplifier elements, or reduction in the amplifier power dissipation thus providing superior cost performance.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0048]    [0048]FIG. 1 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 2 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 3( a ) is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0051]    [0051]FIG. 3( b ) is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in the third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0052]    [0052]FIG. 4 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 5( a ) is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0054]    [0054]FIG. 5( b ) is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in the fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0055]    [0055]FIG. 6 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a sixth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0056]    [0056]FIG. 7 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a seventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0057]    [0057]FIG. 8 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in an eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0058]    [0058]FIG. 9 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in the eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0059]    [0059]FIG. 10 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a ninth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0060]    [0060]FIG. 11 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a tenth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0061]    [0061]FIG. 12 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in an eleventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0062]    [0062]FIG. 13 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a twelfth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0063]    [0063]FIG. 14 is a top view of a conventional surface acoustic wave device.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0064]    Referring to drawings, a description will be given below on exemplary embodiments of the present invention.  
         [0065]    Exemplary Embodiment 1:  
         [0066]    [0066]FIG. 1 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0067]    In this surface acoustic wave device, an input IDT electrode  11  and an output IDT electrode  12  are provided on a piezoelectric substrate  10  parallel to the main direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves (hereinafter referred to as direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves ) in a manner such that one of their ends overlap.  
         [0068]    The input IDT electrode  11  is so structured that a plurality of electrode fingers  11   b  on the positive electrode side connected to a busbar  11   a  on the positive electrode side and a plurality of electrode fingers  11   d  on the negative electrode side connected to a busbar  11   c  on the negative electrode side are interdigitated thus being connected to input terminals  15   a ,  15   b  through the busbars  11   a ,  11   c.    
         [0069]    The output IDT electrode  12  is so structured that a plurality of electrode fingers  12   b  on the positive electrode side connected to a busbar  12   a  on the positive electrode side and a plurality of electrode fingers  12   d  on the negative electrode side connected to a busbar  12   c  on the negative electrode side are interdigitated thus being connected to output terminals  16   a ,  16   b  through the busbars  12   a ,  12   c.    
         [0070]    The structure of the electrode fingers  11   b ,  11   d ,  12   b ,  12   d  is such that they are of approximately the same length with a width approximately equal to ⅛ of the wavelength of the surface acoustic waves and disposed at the same pitch, and both the input IDT electrode  11  and the output IDT electrode  12  are of split electrode structure to prevent internal reflection.  
         [0071]    Also, first reflector electrodes  13  are provided at the end of the input IDT electrode  11  on the side of the output IDT electrode  12  at a predetermined distance from the input IDT electrode  11 , while second reflector electrodes  14  are provided at the end of the output IDT electrode  12  on the side of the input IDT electrode  11  at a predetermined distance from the output IDT electrode  12 . Furthermore, electrode fingers  13   a  and  14   a  are inclined so that the angle between a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the surface acoustic waves and the electrode fingers  13   a ,  14   a  is 25 or smaller. The first and the second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  are made by respectively disposing at the same pitch electrode fingers  13   a ,  14   a  having approximately the same width and length, and have reflection coefficient of approximately unity. Consequently, the external configuration of the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  is roughly a parallelogram. Furthermore, the widths of the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  in the direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the surface acoustic waves are made to be equal to or greater than the widths in the same direction of the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12 .  
         [0072]    Furthermore, the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12 , and the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  are formed at positions on the piezoelectric substrate  10  that satisfy Equation (1).  
         [0073]    In a surface acoustic wave device having the above structure, when an electric signal is inputted from the input terminals  15   a ,  15   b  to the input IDT electrode  11 , surface acoustic waves are propagated to the first reflector electrodes  13 , reflected by the first reflector electrodes  13 , and propagated to the second reflector electrodes  14 . Subsequently, the surface acoustic waves reflected for the second time by the second reflector electrodes  14  are propagated to the output IDT electrode  12  and taken out at the output terminals  16   a ,  16   b  as an electric signal. In other words, though the surface acoustic waves take a Z-shaped propagation route, as the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  can efficiently reflect the surface acoustic waves that have propagated through the input IDT electrode  11  and propagate to the output IDT electrode  12 , a surface acoustic wave device having a low insertion loss and a flat pass band characteristic may be provided.  
         [0074]    Exemplary Embodiment 2:  
         [0075]    [0075]FIG. 2 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Structural elements similar to those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals and description will be omitted.  
         [0076]    A description will now be given on the points of difference from the first exemplary embodiment. In this second exemplary embodiment, sound-absorbing materials  17   a ,  17   b  are formed respectively between an input IDT electrode  11 , a second reflector electrode  14  and an end of a piezoelectric substrate  10 , and between an output IDT electrode  12 , a first reflector electrode  13  and an end of the piezoelectric substrate  10 .  
         [0077]    By forming the sound-absorbing materials  17   a ,  17   b , unwanted reflection of surface acoustic waves at the ends in the direction of propagation of the piezoelectric substrate  10  may be prevented thereby realizing a flat pass band.  
         [0078]    Furthermore, electrode fingers  13   a ,  14   a  of the first reflector electrode  13  and the second reflector electrode  14  are electrically connected with busbars  13   b ,  13   c ,  14   b ,  14   c ; the busbars  13   c ,  14   b  are electrically connected with a cable run electrode  18 ; and the busbars  13   b ,  14   c  are connected to grounding terminals  13   f ,  14   f . The cable run electrode  18  is provided on the piezoelectric substrate  10  between the input IDT electrode  11  and the output IDT electrode  12  in a manner such that it has a width greater than the widest portion of the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12 , that is, the width of the busbars  11   a ,  11   c ,  12   a ,  12   c , thereby further enhancing shielding effect and preventing electromagnetic coupling between the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12  thus achieving an increase in the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation.  
         [0079]    Exemplary Embodiment 3:  
         [0080]    [0080]FIG. 3( a ) and ( b ) are top views of a surface acoustic wave device in a third exemplary embodiment of the prevent invention. Structural elements similar to those in FIG. 2 are designated by the same reference numerals and description will be omitted.  
         [0081]    The point of difference of the surface acoustic wave device of this third exemplary embodiment from the surface acoustic wave device of the second exemplary embodiment lies in the structure of the electrode fingers  11   b ,  11   d ,  12   b ,  12   d  of the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12 ; that is, the width and layout of the electrode fingers  11   b ,  11   d ,  12   b ,  12   d  have been changed so that the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12  become unidirectional. By employing this structure, insertion loss may be reduced by reducing directivity loss in the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12 .  
         [0082]    While insertion loss may be reduced when compared with the surface acoustic wave device of the second exemplary embodiment by making either one of the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12  unidirectional, insertion loss may be further reduced by making both electrodes unidirectional.  
         [0083]    By dividing the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  into plural units and connecting them with a respective cable run electrode  18  as shown in FIG. 3( b ) and at the same time connecting the busbars  13   b ,  14   c  to respective grounding terminals  13   f ,  14   f , the quantity of out-of-band attenuation is expected to be further increasable than before division. However, it is not desirable because, as the number of division increases, the width of the cable run electrode  18  has to be made smaller thus resulting in an increase in resistance loss. Consequently, in order to increase the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation without increasing the resistance loss, it is preferable that each of the reflectors divided into two be of approximately the same size.  
         [0084]    Exemplary Embodiment 4:  
         [0085]    [0085]FIG. 4 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Structural elements that are the same as those in FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals and description will be omitted.  
         [0086]    The point of difference of the surface acoustic wave device of this fourth exemplary embodiment from that of the third exemplary embodiment lies in the structure of the electrode fingers  13   a ,  14   a  of the first and the second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14 . While the electrode fingers  13   a ,  14   a  were of the same shape and pitch in the third exemplary embodiment, the first and second reflector electrodes  13   a ,  14   a  in the fourth exemplary embodiment are formed by using electrode fingers  13   a ,  14   a  having different widths thereby changing the magnitude of reflection (reflection coefficient, etc.) inside the first and second reflection electrodes  13 ,  14 .  
         [0087]    By assigning weights to the reflection characteristics of the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  in this way, the out-of-passband reflection efficiency is reduced thus enabling an increase in the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation.  
         [0088]    By the way, by gradually changing the widths when changing the electrode fingers  13   a ,  14   a , precise weighting may be made possible thus providing arbitrary reflection characteristic.  
         [0089]    Furthermore, in the fourth exemplary embodiment, by changing the electrode finger pitch while keeping the width of the electrode fingers  13   a ,  14   a  the same, similar effect may be obtained by changing the phase of the reflected waves. In this case too, it is preferable to gradually change the electrode finger pitch.  
         [0090]    Exemplary Embodiment 5:  
         [0091]    [0091]FIG. 5( a ) and ( b ) are top views of a surface acoustic wave device in a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Structural elements that are the same as those in FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals and description will be omitted.  
         [0092]    In FIG. 5, electrode fingers  13   d ,  14   d  having the same width and pitch as electrode fingers  13   a ,  14   a  are provided next to the comb electrodes  13   a ,  14   a  on the side of input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12  with one end being connected to busbars  13   c ,  14   b . The comb electrodes  13   d ,  14   d  are made to a length such that the shortest distance between the other ends of the comb electrodes  13   d ,  14   d  and the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12  is not shorter than the shortest distance between the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  and the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12  in FIG. 3.  
         [0093]    By employing this structure, reflector electrodes having higher reflection efficiency may be formed in a limited space thus providing a surface acoustic wave device having a filter waveform close to a rectangle, namely, a device having attenuation characteristic which is steep near the pass band.  
         [0094]    In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 5( b ), by providing at the ends on the side of the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12  of the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  and in parallel with the electrode fingers  11   d ,  12   d , electrode fingers  13   g ,  14   g  having a width equal to ⅛ of the wavelength of surface acoustic waves and to which ends of the electrode fingers  13   a ,  13   d ,  14   a ,  14   d  are to be connected, unwanted reflection may be prevented.  
         [0095]    Exemplary Embodiment 6:  
         [0096]    [0096]FIG. 6 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a sixth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Structural elements that are the same as those in FIG. 5 are designated by the same reference numerals and description will be omitted.  
         [0097]    The point of difference of the sixth exemplary embodiment from the fifth exemplary embodiment lies in that electrode fingers  13   e ,  14   e  are provided in the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14 .  
         [0098]    The electrode fingers  13   e ,  14   e  have the same width and pitch as the electrode fingers  13   a ,  14   a  and are provided next to the comb electrodes  13   a ,  14   a  toward the ends of a piezoelectric substrate  10  with one end being connected to busbars  13   b ,  14   c . Also, the comb electrodes  13   e ,  14   e  are made to a length such that the shortest distance between the other end of the comb electrodes  13   e ,  14   e  and an end of the piezoelectric substrate  10  is not shorter than the shortest distance between the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  and an end of the piezoelectric substrate  10  in FIG. 5.  
         [0099]    By employing this structure, reflector electrodes having reflection efficiency higher than that of the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  as shown in FIG. 5 may be formed thus providing a surface acoustic wave device having a filter waveform closer to a rectangle.  
         [0100]    In this sixth exemplary embodiment, too, as in the fifth exemplary embodiment, by providing at the ends of the first and second reflector electrodes  13 ,  14  in parallel with the electrode fingers  11   d ,  12   d , electrode fingers  13   g ,  14   g  having a width equal to ⅛ of the wavelength of surface acoustic waves and to which ends of the electrode fingers  13   a ,  13   b ,  13   d ,  13   e ,  14   a ,  14   b ,  14   d ,  14   e  are to be connected, unwanted reflection may be prevented.  
         [0101]    Exemplary Embodiment 7:  
         [0102]    [0102]FIG. 7 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a seventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Structural elements that are the same as those in FIG. 2 are designated by the same reference numerals, and description will be omitted.  
         [0103]    The point of difference from the surface acoustic wave device of the second exemplary embodiment lies in the shape of sound-absorbing materials  17   a ,  17   b . While in the second exemplary embodiment sound-absorbing materials were provided only at both ends in the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of a piezoelectric substrate  10 , sound-absorbing materials  17   a ,  17   b  are formed in the seventh exemplary embodiment also at the ends parallel to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the piezoelectric substrate  10 , that is, between busbars  13   b ,  14   c  and the piezoelectric substrate  10 .  
         [0104]    By employing this structure, unwanted reflection at the end faces of the piezoelectric substrate  10  may be further prevented.  
         [0105]    Exemplary Embodiment 8:  
         [0106]    [0106]FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are top views of a surface acoustic wave device in an eighth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. While a balanced-balanced type surface acoustic wave device was used in the first to seventh exemplary embodiments, the surface acoustic wave device in the eighth exemplary embodiment is of unbalanced-balanced type or unbalanced-unbalanced type, where one of busbars  11   a ,  11   c ,  12   a ,  12   c  on either the input side or the output side, or on the input and output sides are connected to grounding terminals  15   c ,  16   c.    
         [0107]    In the case of an unbalanced type, by connecting busbars  11   c ,  12   a  on the opposing sides of the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12  to the grounding terminals  15   c ,  16   c  in this way, shielding effect between the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12  may be enhanced and the electromagnetic coupling between the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12  may be prevented, thus providing a large quantity of out-of-passband attenuation.  
         [0108]    Although not shown, same thing applies to the case of a balanced-unbalanced type.  
         [0109]    Exemplary Embodiment 9:  
         [0110]    [0110]FIG. 10 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a ninth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Structural elements that are the same as those in FIG. 2 are designated by the same reference numerals and description will be omitted.  
         [0111]    While in the second exemplary embodiment connection of opposing busbars  11   a ,  12   c  with the input and output terminals  15   b ,  16   a  was performed with a single cable run electrode, in the ninth exemplary embodiment, both ends of the busbars  11   a ,  12   c  and the input and output terminals  15 ,  16  are connected with a respective cable run electrode.  
         [0112]    By connecting the busbars  11   a ,  12   c  and the input and output terminals  15   b ,  16   a  with plural paths in this way, the resistance loss in the busbars  11   a ,  12   c  may be reduced, and the insertion loss may be reduced.  
         [0113]    Also, by using plural cable run electrodes in connecting the busbars  11   c ,  12   a  to the input and output terminals  15   a ,  16   b , too, the resistance loss in the busbars  11   c ,  12   a  may be reduced, and the insertion loss may be reduced.  
         [0114]    Exemplary Embodiment 10:  
         [0115]    [0115]FIG. 11 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in a tenth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0116]    In this surface acoustic wave device, input and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22  are formed on a piezoelectric substrate  20  in parallel with the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves in a manner such that they overlap on one of their ends.  
         [0117]    The input IDT electrode  21  is made by interdigitating a plurality of positive electrode side electrode fingers  21   b  connected to a busbar  21   a  on the positive electrode side and a plurality of negative electrode side electrode fingers  21   d  connected to a busbar  21   c  on the negative electrode side, and is connected to input terminals  28   a ,  28   b  through the busbars  21   a ,  21   c.    
         [0118]    The output IDT electrode  22  is made by interdigitating a plurality of positive electrode side electrode fingers  22   b  connected to a busbar  22   a  on the positive electrode side and a plurality of negative electrode side electrode fingers  22   d  connected to a busbar  22   c  on the negative electrode side, and is connected to output terminals  29   a ,  29   b  through the busbars  22   a ,  22   c.    
         [0119]    Each of the electrode fingers  21   b ,  21   d ,  22   b ,  22   d  has approximately the same length, a width approximately equal to ⅛ of the wavelength of surface acoustic waves, and disposed at the same pitch. Both the input and the output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22  are split electrodes having a structure to prevent internal reflection.  
         [0120]    Furthermore, first and third reflector electrodes  23 ,  25  are provided on both sides of the input IDT electrode  21  in the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves at a predetermined distance from the input IDT electrode  21 , and second and fourth reflector electrodes  24 ,  26  are provided on both sides of the output IDT electrode  22  in the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves at a predetermined distance from the output IDT electrode  22 .  
         [0121]    Furthermore, electrode fingers  23   a ,  24   a ,  25   a ,  26   a  of the reflector electrodes are inclined in a manner such that the angle formed by a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the input and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22  and the electrode fingers  23   a ,  24   a ,  25   a ,  26   a  is equal to or smaller than 25. The first to the fourth reflector electrodes  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26  are made by respectively disposing the electrode fingers  23   a ,  24   a ,  25   a ,  26   a  having approximately the same width and length at the same pitch, and the reflection coefficient is approximately unity. Consequently, the external configuration of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26  are roughly a parallelogram. Also, the widths of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26  in the direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves are equal to or greater than the widths of the input and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22  in the same direction.  
         [0122]    Yet furthermore, the input and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22 , and the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26  are formed on a piezoelectric substrate  20  at positions that satisfy Equation (2).  
         [0123]    When an electric signal is applied to the input IDT electrode  21  of a surface acoustic wave device having the above structure, surface acoustic waves are propagated to the first and the third reflector electrodes  23 ,  25 , reflected by the first and the third reflector electrodes  23 ,  25 , and propagated to the second and the fourth reflector electrodes  24 ,  26 . Subsequently, the surface acoustic waves reflected for the second time by the second and the fourth reflector electrodes  24 ,  26  are propagated to the output IDT electrode  22 , and taken out as an electric signal from the output terminals  29   a ,  29   b . That is, the surface acoustic waves take two routes of propagation: a Z-shaped route of IDT electrode  21  first reflector electrode  23  second reflector electrode  24  output IDT electrode  22 , and a reversed Z-shaped route of input IDT electrode  21  third reflector electrode  25  fourth reflector electrode  26  output IDT electrode  22 . Consequently, as bi-directional surface acoustic waves that propagate in the input IDT electrode  21  can be efficiently propagated to the output IDT electrode  22 , insertion loss may be further reduced when compared with the surface acoustic wave device described in the first exemplary embodiment.  
         [0124]    Yet furthermore, the busbar  23   c  of the first reflector electrode  23  and the busbar  25   c  of the third reflector electrode  25 , and the busbar  24   b  of the second reflector electrode  24  and the busbar  26   b  of the fourth reflector electrode  26  are electrically connected with respective cable run electrodes  30   a ,  30   b , and the busbars  23   b ,  24   c ,  25   b ,  26   c  are grounded to grounding terminals  23   d ,  24   d ,  25   d ,  26   d . These cable run electrodes  30   a ,  30   b  are provided between the input and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22  on the piezoelectric substrate  20 . Additionally, the cable run electrodes  30   a ,  30   b  are formed in a manner such that they have a width greater than the widest portion, i.e., the busbars  21   a ,  21   c ,  22   a ,  22   c  of the input and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22 , thereby further enhancing shielding effect hence preventing electromagnetic coupling between the input IDT and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22  and increasing the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation.  
         [0125]    Though the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26  may be connected to the grounding terminals with a single cable run electrode, in order to obtain a high shielding effect it is preferable to connect the first reflector electrode  23  and the third reflector electrode  25  on both sides of the input IDT electrode  21 , and the third reflector electrode  24  and the fourth reflector electrode  26  on both sides of the output IDT electrode  22 , with respective separate cable run electrodes  30   a ,  30   b  as described in the tenth exemplary embodiment.  
         [0126]    In addition, it is preferable to separately ground the grounding terminals  23   d ,  25   d , and the grounding terminals  24   d ,  26   d .  
         [0127]    The reflector electrodes to be provided with the input and the output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22  in between are of the same structure. Namely, the first reflector electrode  23  and the third reflector electrode  25  are of the same structure, and the second reflector electrode  24  and the fourth reflector electrode  26  are of the same structure. Also, as shown in the fourth exemplary embodiment, by making the first reflector electrode  23  and the second reflector electrode  24  different in structure such as by changing width of at least some of the electrode fingers  23   a ,  24   a  as shown in the fourth exemplary embodiment, it is possible to assign weighting to the reflection characteristic of the reflector electrodes as shown in the fourth exemplary embodiment, make the out-of-passband reflection efficiency small, and increase the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation.  
         [0128]    Same thing as said in the above described fifth to the ninth exemplary embodiments may be said on the surface acoustic wave device of the tenth exemplary embodiment. Namely, by providing electrode fingers having the same pitch, width, and angle of inclination as the electrode fingers  23   a ,  24   a ,  25   a ,  26   a  of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26  but shorter in length at the ends of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26  toward the input and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22  as described in the fifth exemplary embodiment, a filter waveform close to a rectangle may be obtained. Also, by providing at the ends of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26  toward the input and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22  in parallel to the electrode fingers  21   d ,  22   d  electrode fingers having a width approximately equal to ⅛ of the wavelength of surface acoustic waves to which ends of the electrode fingers  23   b ,  23   d ,  24   b ,  24   d  are to be connected, unwanted reflection may be prevented.  
         [0129]    Furthermore, similar effect may be obtained by providing similar electrode fingers on the sides of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26  toward ends of the piezoelectric substrate  20  as was shown in the sixth exemplary embodiment. Needless to say, better effect may be obtained by providing electrode fingers on both sides.  
         [0130]    In the above described tenth exemplary embodiment, although sound-absorbing materials  27   a ,  27   b  are formed at the ends of the piezoelectric substrate  20  in the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the input and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22 , unwanted reflection at the end faces of the piezoelectric substrate  20  may be further prevented by also forming at the ends parallel to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the piezoelectric substrate  20 .  
         [0131]    Also, while the above-described surface acoustic wave device is of a balanced-balanced type, in the case of an unbalanced-balanced, unbalanced-unbalanced, or balanced-unbalanced type, it is preferable to connect the opposing busbars  21   c ,  22   a  of the input and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22  to the grounding terminals.  
         [0132]    Furthermore, though the connection between the opposing busbars  21   c ,  22   a  of the input and output IDT electrodes  21 ,  22  and the input and output terminals  28   b ,  29   a  is done with a single cable run electrode, by connecting the busbars  21   c ,  22   a  and the input and output terminals  28   b ,  29   a  with plural cable run electrodes, resistance loss in the busbars  21   c ,  22   a  may be reduced, thus lowering insertion loss.  
         [0133]    Exemplary Embodiment 11:  
         [0134]    [0134]FIG. 12 is a top view of a surface acoustic wave device in an eleventh exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0135]    In this surface acoustic wave device, input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42  are provided on a piezoelectric substrate  40  parallel to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves and in a manner such that they overlap with a fifth reflector electrode  47  in between.  
         [0136]    The input IDT electrode  41  is made by interdigitating a plurality of electrode fingers  41   b  on the side of the positive electrode connected to a busbar  41   a  on the positive electrode side and a plurality of electrode fingers  41   d  on the side of the negative electrode connected to a busbar  41   c  on the side of the negative electrode, thereby being connected to input terminals  49   a ,  49   b  through the busbars  41   a ,  41   c.    
         [0137]    The output IDT electrode  42  is made by interdigitating a plurality of electrode fingers  42   b  on the side of the positive electrode connected to a busbar  42   a  on the positive electrode side and a plurality of electrode fingers  42   d  on the side of the negative electrode connected to a busbar  42   c  on the side of the negative electrode, thereby being connected to input terminals  50   a ,  50   b  through the busbars  42   a ,  42   c.    
         [0138]    Each of the electrode fingers  41   b ,  41   d ,  42   b ,  42   d  has approximately the same length with a width approximately equal to ⅛ of the wavelength of the surface acoustic waves and disposed at the same pitch, and both the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42  are split electrodes with a structure to prevent internal reflection.  
         [0139]    First and third reflector electrodes  43 ,  45  are provided on both sides of the input IDT electrode  41  in the direction of propagation of the surface acoustic waves at a predetermined distance from the input IDT electrode  41 . Second and fourth reflector electrodes  44 ,  46  are provided on both sides of the output IDT electrode  42  in the direction of propagation of the surface acoustic waves of the output IDT electrode  42  at a predetermined distance from the output IDT electrode  42 . In addition, electrode fingers  43   a ,  44   a ,  45   a ,  46   a  are inclined in a manner such that the angle formed by a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42  and the electrode fingers  43   a ,  44   a ,  45   a ,  46   a  is equal to or smaller than 25. Each of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46  is made by disposing respective electrode fingers  43   a ,  44   a ,  45   a ,  46   a  having approximately the same width and length at the same pitch and connecting to each respective grounding terminals  43   d ,  44   d ,  45   d ,  46   d . Also, the reflection coefficient is approximately unity. Consequently, the outer configuration of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46  is roughly a parallelogram. Also, the widths of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46  in the direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the surface acoustic waves are equal to or greater than the widths in the same direction of the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42 .  
         [0140]    Also, the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42 , and the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46  are formed on the piezoelectric substrate  40  at positions that satisfy Equation (2).  
         [0141]    A fifth reflector electrode  47  provided between the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42  has a plurality of electrode fingers  47   a  having the same shape with each of their ends respectively electrically connected to busbars  47   b ,  47   c , and the electrode fingers  41   b ,  41   d ,  42   b ,  42   d  of the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42  are provided in parallel with the electrode fingers  47   a . As a result, the external configuration of the fifth reflector electrode  47  is a rectangle. In addition, the length in the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the fifth reflector electrode  47  is made equal to or greater than the length in the same direction of the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42 . The electrode fingers  47   a  on both sides closest to the ends of the piezoelectric substrate  40  in the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42  are respectively electrically connected to grounding terminals  47   d . As a result, the fifth reflector electrode  47  works also as a shielding electrode thereby preventing. electromagnetic coupling between the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42 .  
         [0142]    In a surface acoustic wave device of the above structure, when an electric signal is inputted to the input terminals  49   a ,  49   b , it reaches at the output terminals  50   a ,  50   b  through any one of the following propagation routes.  
         [0143]    First is the input IDT electrode  41  first reflector electrode  43  second reflector electrode  44  output IDT electrode  42  route; second is the input IDT electrode  41  third reflector electrode  45  fourth reflector electrode  46  output IDT electrode  42  route; third is the input IDT electrode  41  first reflector electrode  43  fifth reflector electrode  47  fourth reflector electrode  46  output IDT electrode  42  route; and fourth is the input IDT electrode  41  third reflector electrode  45  fifth reflector electrode  47  second reflector electrode  44  output IDT electrode  42  route, totaling four propagation routes.  
         [0144]    Accordingly, as bi-directional surface acoustic waves propagating through the input IDT electrode  41  are efficiently propagated to the output IDT electrode  42 , insertion loss may be further reduced when compared with the surface acoustic wave device described in the first exemplary embodiment.  
         [0145]    Also, the reflector electrodes provided with the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42  in between have the same structure. That is, the first reflector electrode  43  and the third reflector electrode  45  have the same structure, and the second reflector electrode  44  and the fourth reflector electrode  46  have the same structure. Also, by making the structure of the first reflector electrode  43  different from that of the second reflector electrode  44  by changing, for example, the width of at least some of the electrode fingers  43   a ,  44   a  as in the fourth exemplary embodiment, weighting may be assigned to the reflection characteristic of the reflector electrodes thus reducing out-of-passband reflection efficiency and increasing the quantity of out-of-passband attenuation.  
         [0146]    Same thing as said in the above described fifth to the tenth exemplary embodiments may be said on the surface acoustic wave device of the eleventh exemplary embodiment.  
         [0147]    Namely, by providing electrode fingers having the same pitch, width, and angle of inclination as the electrode fingers  43   a ,  44   a ,  45   a ,  46   a  of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46  but shorter in length at the ends toward the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42  of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46  as described in the fifth exemplary embodiment, a surface acoustic wave device having a filter waveform close to a rectangle may be obtained. Also, similar effect may be obtained by providing similar electrode fingers on the sides of the first to the fourth reflector electrodes  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46  toward an end of the piezoelectric substrate  40  as was shown in the sixth exemplary embodiment. Needless to say, better effect may be obtained by providing similar electrode fingers on both sides.  
         [0148]    In the above described eleventh exemplary embodiment, although sound-absorbing materials  48   a ,  48   b  are formed at the ends of the piezoelectric substrate  40  in the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42 , unwanted reflection at the end faces of the piezoelectric substrate  40  may be further prevented by also forming at the ends parallel to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the piezoelectric substrate  40 .  
         [0149]    Also, while the above-described surface acoustic wave device is of a balanced-balanced type, in the case of an unbalanced-balanced, unbalanced-unbalanced, or balanced-unbalanced type, it is preferable to connect the opposing busbars  41   c ,  42   a  of the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42  to the grounding terminals.  
         [0150]    Furthermore, though the connection between the busbars  41   a ,  41   c ,  42   a ,  42   c  of the input and output IDT electrodes  41 ,  42  and the input and output terminals  49   a ,  49   b ,  50   a ,  50   b  is done with a single cable run electrode, by connecting the busbars  41   a ,  41   c ,  42   a ,  42   c  and the input and output terminals  49   a ,  49   b ,  50   a ,  50   b  with plural cable run electrodes, resistance loss in the busbars  41   a ,  41   c ,  42   a ,  42   c  may be reduced, thus lowering the insertion loss.  
         [0151]    Now, a description will be given on the points common to the surface acoustic wave devices of the present invention.  
         [0152]    (1) By making metalization ratios of the first to the fifth reflector electrodes  13 ,  14 ,  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46 ,  47  to within the range 0.45 to 0.75, surface acoustic waves may be efficiently reflected and hence miniaturization of reflector electrodes may be achieved. Here, the metalization ratio is defined as the ratio between the width of an electrode finger and the inter-electrode finger space. It is a factor that affects the reflection efficiency of surface acoustic waves as well as the temperature characteristic as will be described later.  
         [0153]    (2) By changing the reflection characteristic of the first reflector electrodes  13 ,  23 ,  43  and that of the second reflector electrodes  14 ,  24 ,  44  by changing the width and number of the electrode fingers  13   a ,  14   a ,  23   a ,  24   a ,  43   a ,  44   a , a surface acoustic wave device having a large quantity of out-of-passband attenuation may be obtained.  
         [0154]    (3) As the piezoelectric substrates  10 ,  20 ,  40 , single crystal substrates of rock crystal, LiTaO 3 , LiNbO 3  or the like are employed.  
         [0155]    (4) The input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12 ,  21 ,  22 ,  41 ,  42 , the first to the fifth reflector electrodes  13 ,  14 ,  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46 ,  47 , and the cable run electrodes  18 ,  30   a ,  30   b  are formed by using a metal having aluminum as the main constituent.  
         [0156]    (5) The structures of the input IDT electrodes  11 ,  21 ,  41  and the output IDT electrodes  12 ,  22 ,  42  may be different, but size reduction of surface acoustic wave devices may be easier when their sizes are similar.  
         [0157]    (6) By making the widths in the direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of surface acoustic waves of the first to the fifth reflector electrodes  13 ,  14 ,  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  43 ,  44 ,  47  greater than those of the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12 ,  21 ,  22 ,  41 ,  42 , the reflection efficiency of surface acoustic waves may be improved.  
         [0158]    (7) Insertion loss may be made smaller by making the reflection coefficients of the first to the fifth reflector electrodes  13 ,  14 ,  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46 ,  47  equal to or greater than 0.9 and as much closer to unity as possible.  
         [0159]    (8) The effect of preventing unwanted reflected waves may be enhanced by forming the sound-absorbing materials  17   a ,  17   b ,  27   a ,  27   b ,  48   a ,  48   b  as large as possible between the first to the fifth reflector electrodes  13 ,  14 ,  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46 ,  47  and the ends of the piezoelectric substrates  10 ,  20 ,  40 .  
         [0160]    (9) While in the third to the sixth exemplary embodiments, both the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12  were unidirectional electrodes, propagation efficiency of surface acoustic waves may be enhanced by employing unidirectional electrode even in one of them when compared with the first exemplary embodiment.  
         [0161]    (10) By providing the cable run electrodes  18 ,  30   a ,  30   b  which also work as shielding electrodes at least in the opposing portions between the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12 ,  21 ,  22 ,  41 ,  42 , an electromagnetic coupling between the input and output IDT electrodes is suppressed. The shielding effect may further be improved by forming the cable run electrodes  18 ,  30   a ,  30   b  as large as possible.  
         [0162]    (11) When using rock crystal as the piezoelectric substrates  10 ,  20 ,  40 , the temperature characteristic (frequency drift) assumes a second-order curve. If its peak temperature can be set at the center (normally room temperature) of the desired temperature range, the frequency drift becomes small over the entire temperature range.  
         [0163]    Therefore, when forming the piezoelectric substrates  10 ,  20 ,  40  with rock crystal, the peak temperature in the frequency drift depends on the cutting angle of the piezoelectric substrates  10 ,  20 ,  40 , and film thicknesses and metalization ratios of the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12 ,  21 ,  22 ,  41 ,  42 , and the first to the fifth reflector electrodes  13 ,  14 ,  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46 ,  47 . Consequently, as the difference in the metalization ratios of the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12 ,  21 ,  22 ,  41 ,  42 , and the first to the fifth reflector electrodes  13 ,  14 ,  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46 ,  47  increases, the respective peak temperature differs greatly, thus presenting harmful effect of a great change in the filter characteristic with temperature. It is thus preferable that the difference in metalization ratios of the input and output IDT electrodes  11 ,  12 ,  21 ,  22 ,  41 ,  42 , and the first to the fifth reflector electrodes  13 ,  14 ,  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  43 ,  44 ,  45 ,  46 ,  47  be 0.15, preferably 0.1 or smaller. Also, it is preferable that the difference in the metalization ratios between the first reflector electrodes  13 ,  23 ,  43  and the second reflector electrodes  14 ,  24 ,  44  be about 0.05.  
         [0164]    Exemplary Embodiment 12:  
         [0165]    [0165]FIG. 13 is a transmit/receive circuit diagram of a communications device.  
         [0166]    While surface acoustic wave devices of the present invention may be used as an IF transmit/receive bandpass filters, a description will be given on a receive circuit as surface acoustic wave devices are more often used as IF bandpass filters of receive circuits. The receive circuit of FIG. 13 is a super heterodyne circuit, where radio waves received by an antenna  80  are branched by an antenna divider  81 , and converted into an intermediate frequency by a mixer  84  after passing through an LNA 82  and an RF bandpass filter  83 . A surface acoustic wave device in accordance with the present invention is connected to the output side of the mixer  84  and is used as an IF bandpass filter  85  that passes the intermediate frequency. By using a surface acoustic wave device of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the number of elements of an IF amplifier  86  and hence the power dissipation of the IF amplifier  86  thereby providing a communications device with a good cost performance.  
         [0167]    Industrial Applicability:  
         [0168]    The present invention provides a surface acoustic wave device having superior in-passband characteristic by allowing efficient propagation of surface acoustic waves from the input IDT electrode to the output IDT electrode.