Abstract:
A system is provided for controlling a right to use a computational component, comprising (a) a backup computational component  102  associated with a primary computational component  150 , wherein when the primary computational component is in an operational mode the backup computational component is in a standby mode; (b) an activation agent  154  operable to determine when the primary computational component is no longer in the operational mode; (c) a timer  126  associated with the backup computational component; and (d) a mode setting agent  124  operable to permit the backup computational component to change to the operational mode when the value of the license error timer is not zero and to not permit the backup computational component to change to the operational mode when the value of the license error timer is zero.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to the licensing of computational components and specifically to the licensing of spare computational components. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     To provide high levels of reliability and availability, it is common to provide spare or redundant computational components.  FIG. 6  depicts a conventional main and spare processor architecture in a distributed telecommunications network. Telecommunications switch or server  600  comprises main processor  604  and duplicated processor  608 . Duplicated processor  608  can provide the same services as main processor  604  in the event that the main processor  604  malfunctions. To provide additional tiers of redundancy, a plurality of spare processors  612   a - n  are provided at different locations in the network. The various layers of redundancy provide fault tolerance and high availability, which is particularly important in telephony applications. When a spare processor detects that the primary and duplicated processors are no longer in control of the network (due for example to a failure of the main/duplicated processor or a loss of network connectivity to the server/switch  600 ), the spare processor assumes control for its assigned portion of the network. The spare processor typically is configured to run the same software and therefore provide the same functionality as the main and duplicated processors. As a result the customer is able to maintain the functionality of its telecommunications system via the spare processor when the main processor is not available. 
     In telecommunication applications, spare processors can be configured in many different ways. In one configuration, the spare processors  612   a - n  are referred as Survivable Remote Processors or SRPs, and each serves a corresponding port network (not shown). If the corresponding connection  616   a - n  to the switch/server  600  goes down (causing a loss of network connectivity) and/or if the main and duplicated processors fail (and the link to the corresponding port network or the expansion interface comes up), each of the survivable remote processors  612   a - n  is activated and serves its corresponding port network. In another configuration, the spare processors  612   a - n  are referred to as Local Spare Processors or LSPs, and each serves a corresponding packet-switched media gateway (not shown). If the LSP is contacted by a network node, such as a telephone or media gateway processor, that is preinstructed to use or register with the LSP in the event of malfunctions of the main and duplicated processors, the LSP is activated and serves the network nodes contained in its preassigned network region. In yet another configuration, the spare processors  612   a - n  are referred to as Wide Area Network Spare Processors or WSPs, and each WSP is configured to operate the entire network and not just a portion of the network as in the case of the SRP and LSP. To avoid conflicts, the WSPs are arranged in a hierarchy such that each WSP is only activated in the event that the main and duplicated processor and the WSP(s) higher in the hierarchy (if any) are not operational. A WSP periodically polls the main and/or duplicated processors and WSP(s) higher in the hierarchy and, if a response is not received within a configurable time period, the WSP concludes that the corresponding polled processor is not operational. 
     The use of SRPs, LSPs, and/or WSPs can cause difficulties in providing right-to-use protection and software copy protection. Typically, spare processors are sold at a significant discount relative to main processors. The rationale is that the software on the spare processor is used less and should therefore cost less than the main processor&#39;s software. This presents an opportunity for customers to deprive the software supplier of revenue by buying the spare processor software and using it as the main processor software. 
     Existing licensing approaches do not address this problem. In one telecommunications licensing approach for example, a valid license file is required to run a computational component. This approach is discussed in detail in copending U.S. patent application entitled “Securing Feature Activation in a Telecommunication System”, Ser. No. 09/357,679, filed Jul. 20, 1999, to Serkowski, which is incorporated herein by this reference. In such licensing verification systems, the license file contains a serial number that must be present on the processor that is to execute the licensed software for the license to be valid and the software to be executable. In telecommunication applications, the serial number of the main processor  604  must be in the license file for the processor  604  to run the licensed software. 
     The license file also contains a software name and/or version of the licensed telecommunication application and licensed features. The data structures corresponding to the features are of two types. In a type 1 feature, the data structures reflected enablement or disablement of the corresponding feature using a simple on/off state. Examples of features falling into this category include abbreviated dialing enhanced list, audible message waiting, vectoring, answer supervision by call classifier, ATM trunking, agent states, dial by name, DCS call coverage, echo cancellation, multifrequency signaling, and wideband switching. In a type 2 feature, the data structures include a single numeric value and/or a name kind of entry. Examples of features falling into this category include logged-in agents, offer category, maximum numbers of concurrently registered IP stations, administered IP trunks, ports, and concurrently administered remote office stations/trunks, and call center release. 
     This licensing scheme is not configured for licensing spare processors such that they cannot be permanently used as main processors. To provide the desired reliability and availability of redundant systems, not only the main but also the spare processors must be able to be enabled by the licensing verification system. However, if a license is provided for a spare processor, there is nothing to prevent the spare processor from being used as a main processor on a permanent basis. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These and other needs are addressed by the various embodiments and configurations of the present invention. The present invention provides a method and system that uses a backup flag and or license timer to enable selectively a backup computational system or functional part thereof in the event that the primary computational system is not able to operate effectively. 
     In one embodiment, a method for protecting actuation of a computational component is provided. The method includes the steps of:
         (a) receiving an indication that the primary computational component is no longer in the operational mode or has lost its network connection to some or all of the system it is controlling;   (b) reading a license timer associated with the backup computational component,   (c) when the value of the license error timer is not a first value (e.g., a selected value such as zero or a selected range of values), permitting the backup computational component to change to the operational mode and   (d) when the value of the license error timer is the first value or a value in a range of values, not permitting the backup computational component to change to the operational mode.       

     The primary and backup computational components can be any entity capable of performing a task or executing instructions, e.g., a logic-containing board or chip such as an application specific integrated circuit or ASIC, a (control) processor, software, etc. In one configuration, the computational components are duplicates of one another. For example, the computational components can be two processors one of which is a standby processor and the other of which is an active processor. 
     The license error timer can be implemented in any suitable manner, such as a countdown or countup timer. In either implementation, the first value can be a single value or a range of values. In one configuration, the timer value is saved in non-volatile memory that is preserved across system resets so the customer cannot reset the timer and return the backup computational component to service by performing resets. In this manner, the customer can use the backup computational component in the operational mode for only a predetermined and manufacturer configurable time period. 
     What is required for a computational component to be in the operational mode depends upon the particular application. Generally, the computational component is in the operational mode until the computational component experiences at least a predetermined degree of operational impairment. The impairment can be caused by the malfunction of the computational component itself or hardware or software associated with the computational component, such as a loss of network connectivity, a circuit malfunction, or software being corrupted. 
     Commonly, the backup computational component is in a standby mode while the primary computational component is in the operational mode. In the standby mode, the backup computational component generally is subservient to the main processor and/or provides, at most, only minimal and/or ancillary processing to the network. 
     License modes can be used to control the operations of the primary and backup computational components. In one configuration, the primary and backup computational components are each set to a first or license-normal mode when a number of license checks are successfully verified. The computational components are set to a second or license-error mode when certain license checks are unsuccessfully verified and time remains on the license timer. The components are set to a third or no-license mode when certain license checks are unsuccessfully verified and/or no time remains on the license timer. Typically, the backup computational component is only in the first license mode when it is also in the standby mode. The backup computational component is set to the second or third license mode when it is no longer in the standby mode. The backup computational component is reset to the first license mode when it is able to contact the primary computational component and relinquish control of the system to the primary computational component and again enter the standby mode. 
     The backup computational component can have a license file stored in a separate location from the license file of the primary computational component. The license file typically includes at least one unique identifier associated with the backup computational component, a backup flag, a platform type, a platform identifier and a plurality of application definitions. Each application definition corresponds to one of a plurality of applications and comprises release information, license expiration information, and one or more types of feature keyword information. 
     As will be appreciated, the relationship between the actuated computational component and identifier in the license file can take many forms. In one configuration, the computational component is software, and the identifier is associated with a hardware component configured to execute the software. For example, the primary backup and computational components are control processors and steps (c) and (d) determine whether another computational component, namely a software application, will be executed by the backup computational component. In this configuration, the software itself is not directly assigned a unique identifier. For example, the identifier is a serial number(s) assigned to or associated with the control processor(s) configured to execute the software. In another example, the identifier is a serial number(s) assigned to a hardware component other than the executing control processor, such as a serial number of a media gateway processor where the control processor resides or a serial number of an IP services interface card in a port network. Alternatively, the identifier can be assigned directly to the actuated computational component itself. 
     The unique computational component identifier can be one or more numeric, alphabetical, or alphanumeric symbols. The identifier can have any format and have any length. For example, the identifier can be a serial number assigned by a manufacturer, a Medium Access Control or MAC address, and the like. 
     The backup flag can indicate not only the backup state of a computational component but also the type of backup function provided by the associated computational component. For example, the backup flag can be implemented as multiple flags, such as an SRP flag indicating that the associated component is configured as an SRP, as an LSP flag indicating that the associated component is configured as an LSP, and as a WSP flag indicating that the associated component is configured as a WSP. 
     The method and system of the present invention can have a number of advantages. First, the present invention can effectively protect and control right to use of one or more redundant computational features, applications, and any other type or form of redundant computational component, without compromising the reliability and availability of the redundant computational component. The present invention therefore permits the sale of spare processors at less cost than the main processor. The use of a license file containing fields for multiple serial numbers can provide a high level of security of copy protection and feature activation. The license file marries the use of software to a specific instance of hardware. In this manner, the ability to create two simplex systems out of a single, redundant system is substantially impeded. Second when the licensing file is used to operate all or part of the network, the present invention provides a safeguard to prevent the spare processor from being used too long as the main processor. The grace period provided to the user is a configurable parameter and is flexible for a variety of applications. Third, the present invention can allow rapid, simple, and convenient generation of licenses for new systems and regeneration of licenses to accommodate repair situations. Fourth, the present invention can eliminate the ability of a service technician, or other authorized or unauthorized personnel, to alter directly the feature mix of a switch. That is, fewer people have the knowledge or access to “give away” software or features. Fifth, customers, dealers, and distributors can activate the primary and backup computational components or features themselves without service personnel involvement. Sixth, the present invention can perform license verification rapidly, automatically and seamlessly for the user. These and other advantages will be apparent from the disclosure of the invention(s) contained herein. 
     The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/232,906, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,681,245, entitled “REMOTE FEATURE ACTIVATOR FEATURE EXTRACTION” to Walker et al.; 10/232,508, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,698,225, entitled “LICENSE MODES IN CALL PROCESSING” Rhodes et al.; 10/232,507, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,228,567, entitled “LICENSE FILE SERIAL NUMBER TRACKING” to Serkowski et al.; 10/231,999, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,707,116, entitled “FLEXIBLE LICENSE FILE FEATURE CONTROLS” to Walker et al.; and 10/231,957, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,216,363, entitled “LICENSING DUPLICATED SYSTEMS” to Serkowski et al., each of which is filed concurrently herewith and is incorporated herein by reference. 
     The above-described embodiments and configurations are neither complete nor exhaustive. As will be appreciated, other embodiments of the invention are possible utilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features set forth above or described in detail below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  depicts a redundant telecommunication switching system according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  depicts a license file according to another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a flow chart depicting an algorithm of the telecommunication application according to yet another embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  are flow charts depicting an algorithm of the license manager according to a further embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a flow chart depicting an algorithm of the license manager according to yet a further embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 6  is a conventional telecommunications architecture according to the prior art. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a spare telecommunications processor system  100  interconnected to a main telecommunications processor system  150  via network  110 . The system  100  can be used as a SRP, LSP, and/or WSP. Spare telecommunications processor system  100  controls switching network  103  and telephone sets  106  when the main telecommunications processor system  150  is unable to provide this function. The features and operations provided by telecommunication processor system  100  to switching network  103  and telephones  106   a - n  and its interactions with public telephone network  104  are well known in the art. Illustratively, the switching system of  FIG. 1  can be the subscriber-premises equipment disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,192,122; 6,173,053; 6,163,607; 5,982,873; 5,905,793; 5,828,747; and 5,206,903, all of which are incorporated herein by this reference, or Avaya Inc.&#39;s DEFINITY™ private-branch exchange (PBX)-based ACD system. 
     The spare control processor  102  executes telecommunication applications  114   a - n  (each of which comprises a mode setting agent  124  and a timer  126 ) via operating system  111  to perform the telecommunication functions and features. Spare processor  102  executes instructions in memory  101 , such as license manager  113 , activation agent  154 , and telecommunication application  114   a - n , and communicates with switching network  103  via network (e.g. LAN or WAN)  110 . One skilled in the art can readily envision that the spare control processor  102  can communicate with switching network  103  via a direct connection such as a connection via the processor bus of control processor  102 . 
     Operating system  111  is a conventional operating system allowing for the execution of applications such as telecommunication application  114   a - n  and for the intra-application communication of messages. Telecommunication application can be any application(s) and/or feature(s) used in telecommunication systems, such as DEFINITY™ by Avaya, Inc. 
     Personal computer (PC)  120  is utilized by service personnel to administer the telecommunication switching system. 
     Switching (or server) network  103  provides all of the necessary telecommunication switching and interfacing that is required in the telecommunication switching system. 
     Activation agent  154  monitors, by known techniques, the telecommunications network and determines when to activate the spare processor  102 . For an SRP, the activation agent  154  monitors connection  158  and  162  (which is typically a fiber optic cable) to the main telecommunication processor system  150  and, when the connection goes down (causing a loss of network connectivity) and/or if the system  150  fails, the activation agent  154  causes activation of the SRP. For an LSP, the agent  154  causes activation of the LSP when the LSP is contacted by a network node, such as a telephone  106 , that is pre-instructed to use the LSP in the event of malfunctions of the main processor system  150 . For a WSP, the agent  154  causes activation of the WSP when the main processor system  150  and WSP(s) higher in the heirarchy no longer respond to polling messages from the WSP. 
     License manager  113  periodically verifies that the spare telecommunication processor system  100  is being operated in accordance with pertinent licensing rules and disables the system  100  or an operational part of the system  100  when licensing rules are violated (or a predetermined licensing event occurs). During initialization of the switch software, during the restoration of translations, and periodically as the switch is running, a query is made by the telecommunication application to the license manager  113 . The license manager  113  reads license file  112 , compares the serial number(s) in the license file  112  with a serial number in the switch hardware, compares the software name and/or version in the license with the name and/or version of the telecommunication application  114   a - n  or operational part thereof, and, if a match occurs, delivers permission to run the telecommunication application  114   a - n  or operational part thereof with the feature mask in the license file. The feature mask controls revenue associated options. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the license file  112  includes a file header  200  which includes header beginning and ending fields  204  and  208  respectively, serial number fields  212   a  and  b  (one of which contains a serial number associated with spare control processor  102  and the other of which a serial number associated with a duplicated spare control processor (not shown)), duplication flag field  214  (containing an indicator whether there is a duplicated control processor (or two serial numbers) in the system  100 , e.g., a simplex or duplex configuration), WSP flag field  260  (indicating whether or not the associated spare processor(s) is acting as a WSP), LSP flag field  268  (indicating whether or not the associated spare processor(s) is acting as a LSP), SRP flag field  264  (indicating whether or not the associated spare processor(s) is acting as a SRP), a platform type field  216  (containing first platform information such as the product type and name and/or version of product that the license is for), and a product identifier or PID field  220  (containing second platform information different from the first platform information such as a product identifier used at the platform level for accessing Access Security Gateway or ASG keys) and one or more application definitions  224  each of which includes application beginning (which names the application, e.g., “DEFINITY”™ by Avaya, Inc.) and ending fields  228  and  232 , respectively, a software release field  236  (identifying the software release version for which the license is granted), and an expiration field  240  (expiration date of the license), and a feature mask  244  (providing information relating to the features to be enabled). The software application name is defined in the “Begin Application” field  228 . In some applications, the duplication flag, WSP, LSP, and/or SRP fields are contained in each application definition  224  and not in the file header  200 . As will be appreciated, there is no duplicated spare control processor in most applications; therefore, the duplication flag is generally not set. 
     In one configuration, the feature mask is configured as a feature mask data format, though any data format can be used. This configuration is discussed in detail in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/231,999, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,707,116, entitled “Flexible License File Feature Controls” to Walker et al. The content of the mask controls what features are enabled or may be enabled on the product. There are three types of entries corresponding to fields  248 ,  252 , and  256  in the feature mask. 
     The first type of entry (or Type I feature) in field  248  relates to those types of features that have a simple on/off state. The feature is either enabled or disabled. Each of these types of entries has two variables associated with it, namely a value and a lock. The value variable can be either on or off and the lock variable either locked or unlocked. Examples of features falling into this category include (in addition to those Type I features identified above in the background) Digital Communication System or DCS call coverage, audible message waiting, vectoring, attendant vectoring, Asynchronous Transfer Mode or ATM, dial by name, echo cancellation, multimedia call handling, multiple call handling, caller identification, multifrequency signaling, Integrated Services Digital Network or ISDN network call redirection, centralized attendant, remote office, enhanced Direct Inward dialing or DID routing, survivable remote processor, time of day routing, tenant partitioning, hospitality announcements, Vector Directory Number or VDN of origin announcement, wideband switching, and wireless. 
     The second type of entry (or Type II feature) in field  256  relates to those types of features that have a numeric value. The value can correspond to a numeric value and/or name kind of entry. Each of these types of entries has two values associated with it, namely a lower limit value and an upper limit value. The lower limit value is never greater than the upper limit value. Examples of features falling into this category include (in addition to those Type II features identified above in the background) logged-in automated call distribution or ACD agents, maximum currently registered IP stations, maximum administered IP trunks, offer category, maximum number of ports, maximum number of administered remote office trunks, and maximum number of mobile stations. 
     The third type of entry (or Type III feature) in field  256  relates to those types of features that have a product value (e.g., corresponding to a product name or type), a release number (e.g., referring to a product release identifier), and a numeric value (e.g., indicating an operational parameter associated with the product and/or release, such as how many ports are licensed, and/or how many licenses for the product are granted. This type of feature allows other controlled applications to be executed. Like the second type of entry, each of these types of entries has two values associated with it, namely a lower limit value and an upper limit value. The lower limit value is never greater than the upper limit value. A feature limit in the feature mask is such a capacity value associated with a Type II or III feature. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 1 , a remote feature activation system  109  generates the license file that is transmitted to the spare telecommunications processor system  100  upon installation or provisioning of the system. Remote feature activation system  109  is discussed in detail in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/232,507, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,228,567, entitled “License File Serial Number Tracking”, to Serkowski et al. Alternatively, the license file is installed by authorized personnel via PC  120 . 
     Modem  108  is directly connected to control processor  102  so that control processor(s)  102  can contact remote feature activation system  109  via public telephone network  104 . Similarly, remote feature activation system  109  can establish a communication channel with control processor  102  via public telephone network  104  and modem  108 . One skilled in the art can readily envision that modem  108  can be interconnected to control processor(s)  102  via LAN  110 . 
     Each telecommunication application  114   a - n  can include a corresponding mode setting agent  124   a - n  to set the licensing mode of the system  100 . As discussed in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 10/232,508, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,698,225, entitled “Licensed Modes in Call Processing”, to Rhodes et al., the mode setting agent  124  can set one of three operational modes to the system  100 . 
     In the LICENSE NORMAL mode, the license manager has found that a valid license is properly installed, the license file contains a serial number that matches the serial number of the processor (simplex configuration) or a plurality of serial numbers that match the serial numbers of a similar plurality of processors (multiple processor configuration (e.g., duplex configuration)), the software name and version of the telecommunication application matches that in the license file, the license has not expired, the offer category in the feature mask matches the translation, the feature usage in translation does not exceed limits in the feature mask (e.g., a feature limit is a capacity value associated with a type 2 or type 3 feature), and if the processor is a WSP, SRP, or LSP, the processor is not active. 
     In the LICENSE ERROR mode, the license manager has found one or more of the following: no valid license is properly installed, the license file contains a serial number that does not match the serial number of the processor (simplex configuration) or a plurality of serial numbers that do not match the serial numbers of a similar plurality of processors (multiple processor configuration (e.g., duplex configuration)), the license has expired, the feature usage exceeds limits (e.g., there are more ports translated than permitted by the port limit in the license file which can occur when translations are copied from another switch or when a new license file is installed that has lower limits than the previous license file) and the processor is a WSP, SRP, or LSP that is active (or has been activated by activation agent  154 ). As discussed in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/231,999, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,707,116, entitled “Flexible License File Feature Controls”, to Walker et al., if there is a mismatch between the existing translation and the license file for a locked first type of entry the feature on/off state is simply updated to match the license and does not cause entry into LICENSE-ERROR mode. The LICENSE-ERROR mode is cleared by correcting the error that caused entry into the mode or by installing a valid license that is consistent with the configuration of the system  100 . In the LICENSE-ERROR mode, the telecommunication application is permitted to run for a predetermined period of time or grace period. License error timers  126   a - n  ( FIG. 1 ) and corresponding license timer values  125   a - n  are used for each application to monitor the grace period. 
     In one configuration, all call processing functions of the telecommunication application are permitted to run during the LICENSE-ERROR MODE. Thus, the customer will realize the same level of service in both the LICENSE-NORMAL and LICENSE-ERROR modes. 
     In the NO-LICENSE mode, the license manager has found that (i) a corresponding license error timer  126   a - n  expired and one or more of the following: there is no valid license installed on the system, the feature usage exceeds limits, the license file contains a serial number that does not match the serial number of the processor (simplex configuration) or a plurality of serial numbers that do not match the serial numbers of a similar plurality of processors (multiple processor configuration (e.g., duplex configuration)), the license is expired, and the processor is a WSP, SRP, or LSP that is active; (ii) the name and/or version of the telecommunication application does not match the name and/or version in the license file; and/or (iii) the offer category in the feature mask does not match translation. In the NO-LICENSE mode, all new call originations (except alarm calls (e.g., 911 calls) and calls to an administered emergency number) are denied and all incoming calls (except calls to an administered number) are denied. This mode is cleared by correcting the error that caused entry into the mode or by installing a valid license that is consistent with the configuration of the switch. 
     The system configuration of  FIG. 1  has both an active (main) processor system  150  and spare processor system  100 . Each of the processor systems has a license file identifying the application(s), software version(s), serial number(s), feature settings and other relevant information for the system (reference  FIG. 2 ). The spare processor feature is set to “locked on” in the license feature mask for the spare processor system  100  in order to ensure that the spare processor system is used as a spare and not as a main processor system. 
     When in standby mode, the spare processor is in LICENSE-NORMAL mode. A spare processor cannot be in LICENSE-NORMAL mode unless it is in the standby mode. License checks in standby/LICENSE-NORMAL mode are necessary because, when a spare processor becomes active, it enters LICENSE-ERROR mode automatically, merely by virtue of the fact that it is active. Without license checks in standby mode, it would be possible for a user to purchase spare processor software once and sell it many times to different customers with no loss of functionality. Moreover, these checks are necessary to ensure that the spare processor is able (from a licensing perspective) to assume control of its preassigned portion of the network. If a license error timer value is zero when the activation agent causes activation of the spare processor, the spare processor enters the NO-LICENSE mode. A spare processor returns to LICENSE-NORMAL mode only when it returns to standby mode, which requires reinitialization. If within a configurable time (typically 30 minutes) after rebooting, the spare processor is activated by the activation agent, the spare processor shall immediately enter LICENSE-ERROR mode. The respective license timer  126   a - n  for each application is not reset and will retain the value before rebooting as saved in corresponding timer value  125   a - n  in nonvolatile memory. If the spare processor continues to be active for more than a configurable period of time (typically six days), the license timer  126   a - n  for each application will expire and the spare processor will enter NO-LICENSE mode. 
     The operation of the license manager  113  and mode setting agent  124  will now be discussed in more detail with reference to  FIGS. 3 and 4 . The process begins in step  300  of  FIG. 3  when the mode setting agent  124  sends, such as at initialization of the application, periodically when the spare processor is in standby and active modes, or when a new license is installed, an encrypted message to the license manager  113  via operating system  111 . The encrypted message includes a request for permission to run, a request for a list of permitted features, the name and version number for the telecommunication application  114  (making the request), and the date and time of the request. The request may also include a request for the appropriate timer value  125   a - n  saved in nonvolatile memory. 
     The request is received by the license manager  113  in step  400  of  FIG. 4A . The license manager  113  decrypts the request and in response to the encrypted message attempts to open, decrypt, and read the license file  112  in step  404 . In step  408 , the license manager determines whether or not the license file is present and valid. This query determines whether there is a license file available, whether the license file is readable, and whether the license file is in the proper format. If any one of these checks has a negative result, the manager  113  concludes that the license file is invalid. When the license file is invalid, the manager  113  records in step  412  the error code corresponding to the fact of and/or reason for license file invalidity and proceeds to step  472  (discussed below). 
     In step  416 , the manager  113  reads license file  112  to obtain the name and/or version number of telecommunication application  114 . For security reasons, the license file is stored in an encrypted form. As will be appreciated, the encryption can be performed using one or more keys. The manager  113  then determines whether or not the name and/or version number for the telecommunication application  114  matches the name and/or version number in the decrypted license file. If not, the manager  113  in step  420  records the error code corresponding to an unmatched name and/or version number. 
     In step  424 , the manager  113  forwards a serial number request to the processor  102  (and duplicated control processor if present). Control processor  102  is assigned a unique electronically readable serial number that is set during board manufacture. If the processor  102  fails to respond to the serial number request after a predetermined time period and/or after a predetermined number of requests, manager  113  assumes that the processor  102  is unavailable. It is typically desired to resend serial number requests in the event that no response is received, as the processor may be resetting (e.g., after a firmware update) at the time of the initial serial number request. 
     In step  436 , the manager  113  determines if the serial number of the active processor could be read and if it matches serial number  212   a  or  212   b  (if present) in the license file. If the serial number of the processor could not be read in step  428 , or if it does not match any of the serial numbers in the license file, the manager  113  in step  440  records the proper error code for an unmatched serial number. 
     In step  444 , the manager  113  determines whether the duplication flag is set or not. The duplication flag may be configured in any suitable manner, such as a bit having two values, 0 and 1, each of which indicates a different predetermined duplication state. For example, a “0” value indicates no duplication and a “1” value duplication. When the duplication flag is on, the manager  113  proceeds to step  448  and checks whether the duplicated spare control processor serial number could be read in step  424  and if the serial number of the duplicated spare control processor  102   b  matches either of the serial numbers in the license file. When the duplication flag is on, and the duplicated spare control processor serial number could not be read or it does not match either of the serial numbers in the license file, the manager  113  in step  452  records the proper error code for an unmatched duplicated spare control processor serial number. 
     In the event that the duplication flag is off or after either of steps  448  or  452 , the manager  113  determines in step  456  whether or not the license is expired. When the expiration date in the license file is earlier than the current date and time, the license is considered to be expired. When the license is expired, the manager  113  in step  460  records the proper error code for an expired license. 
     In step  464 , the manager  113  decides whether the license is to be denied or granted. The license is denied when one or more error codes is recorded during the preceding steps. The license is granted when no error codes are recorded. 
     When the license is granted, the manager  113  generates a license granted response in step  468 . The response includes an indication that the license is granted and the feature mask of the license file. The message is encrypted and forwarded to the mode setting agent  124 . 
     When the license is denied, the manager  113  generates a license denied response in step  472 . The response includes an indication that the license is denied, the error code(s) corresponding to the reason(s) for license denial, and the feature mask. The feature mask is not returned if the error is “no valid license present” since there is no feature mask to return without a valid license. When the license is denied for more than one reason, error codes for all of the reasons for license denial are included in the license denial response. The message is encrypted and forwarded to the mode setting agent  124 . 
     Referring again to  FIG. 3 , the mode setting agent  124  in step  304  receives the encrypted license response from the manager  113  and decrypts the response. As discussed below, the mode setting agent  124  parses through the various fields of the license response to set the license mode. 
     In step  308 , the agent  124  determines whether the manager  113  found a valid license to be present. If a valid license is not present, the agent  124  determines in step  312  whether the current license mode of the system  100  is the NO-LICENSE mode. When the current mode is not the NO-LICENSE mode, the agent sets the mode to the LICENSE-ERROR mode in step  316  (this prevents a system with a valid license from immediately going from LICENSE-NORMAL mode to NO-LICENSE mode if the license file is corrupted or inadvertently deleted). When the current mode is the NO-LICENSE mode, the agent leaves the system in the NO-LICENSE mode in step  320 . If a valid license is present, the agent  124  proceeds to step  324 . 
     In step  324 , the agent determines whether the manager found that the application name and/or version matched the name and/or version in the license file. If not, the agent proceeds to step  320  in which the mode is set to the NO-LICENSE mode. If so, the agent proceeds to step  328 . 
     In step  328 , the agent determines whether the manager found that the offer category matches the translation. If not, the agent proceeds to step  320  in which the mode is set to the NO-LICENSE mode. If so, the agent proceeds to step  332 . 
     In step  332 , the agent determines whether the value of the license error timer  124  is greater than zero. The application  114  maintains the license error timer value in memory. When the license timer value is zero, the agent proceeds to step  336  (discussed below), and when the license timer value is greater than zero the agent proceeds to step  340  (also discussed below). 
     In one configuration, the value of the license error timer is periodically saved in nonvolatile memory of each of the processors so that the timer can be preserved across system resets. To make this possible, the mode setting agent makes not only a license file request but also a timer save request at predetermined intervals. The license timer value passed to the manager  113  for storage is set as follows: (a) if the system  100  is in LICENSE-NORMAL mode, the license timer value shall be the full duration of the grace period, e.g., 6 days, (b) if the system  100  is in LICENSE-ERROR mode, the license timer value saved shall be the time remaining on the corresponding license error timer  126   a - n , and (c) if the system  100  is in NO-LICENSE mode, the license timer value saved is zero. 
     At initialization or any other time that the value is not available in memory, the agent issues a timer request to the license manager  113 . To generate a timer response, the manager  113  generally queries nonvolatile memory for the stored timer value  125 . In some WSP applications, the manager queries all of the IP services interface cards with which the WSP is in contact. In either event, the lowest of these values (the value closest to expiration) is passed back to the agent in the timer response message. If any of the timer values from the processors are corrupted or if no processor responds with a timer value, the value in the timer response message to the agent is zero (indicating that the timer is expired). The agent uses the timer value in the response to set the timer value in memory. 
     Returning to  FIG. 3 , the agent in step  340  determines whether or not the manager  113  found that the serial number(s) match. When the serial number(s) do not match, the agent proceeds to step  316  (in which the license mode is set to the LICENSE-ERROR mode). When the serial number(s) match, the agent proceeds to step  344 . 
     The agent in step  344  next determines if the feature limits defined in the feature mask were being exceeded (e.g. maximum ports in license file set to 1000, but greater than 1000 ports are administered in translation). When the control processor  102  is an SRP, the agent determines whether port boards other than an expansion interface board or maintenance test board is in the port network. When the limits are being exceeded, the agent proceeds to step  316 . When the limits are not being exceeded, the agent proceeds to step  348 . 
     In step  348 , the agent determines whether the manager found that the license is expired. When the license is expired, the agent proceeds to step  316 . When the license is not expired, the agent proceeds to step  352 . 
     The agent next checks in step  352  the WSP, LSP, and SRP flags  260 ,  268 , and  264  to see if the processor is configured as a WSP, LSP, or SRP. As will be appreciated, if the flag is not set the processor is not configured in the manner indicated by the flag. If it is, and the processor is active (i.e., not in standby mode), then the agent sets the license mode to LICENSE-ERROR in step  316 . If it is not, the agent proceeds to step  356 . 
     Returning again to step  336 , the agent determines whether the manager found one or more unmatched serial numbers. If not, the agent proceeds to step  320  in which the license mode is set to the NO-LICENSE mode. If so, the agent proceeds to step  360 . 
     If in either of steps  360  and  366 , if the agent determines that the feature limits to be exceeded or the license to be expired, respectively, the agent proceeds to step  320 . 
     If in both of steps  360  and  366 , the agent determines that the feature limits are within licensed limits and the license is unexpired, respectively, the agent proceeds to step  370 . 
     In step  370 , the agent determines whether the processor is an active WSP, LSP, or SRP. If so, the agent proceeds to step  320 . If not, the agent proceeds to step  356 . 
     As shown by steps  336 ,  360 ,  366 , and  370 , the timer value is relevant only if there is a license error. If there are no errors, the switch goes to LICENSE-NORMAL mode, even if the license error timer is expired. If this were not the case, there would be no way to get out of the NO-LICENSE mode once the timer had expired. 
     Whenever the system  100  enters the LICENSE-NORMAL mode, the agent clears any LICENSE-ERROR or NO-LICENSE alarms, stops the license error timer (if running) and resets the timer to the full duration of the grace period, and makes a timer save request of this duration to the license manager. 
     Whenever the system  100  enters the LICENSE-ERROR mode, the agent generates a major (license-error) alarm, logs the error into the system security log, and initiates the license error countdown timer. 
     Whenever the system  100  enters NO-LICENSE mode, the agent generates a major (no-license) alarm (that is different from the alarm generated by the agent on entry into the LICENSE-ERROR mode), logs the error into the system security log, and provides a timer save request of zero hours to the license manager. 
     When the system  100  is operating in the NO-LICENSE or LICENSE-ERROR mode, the alarm is presented to the user in a suitable mode or modes. For example, a suitable error message can be displayed on the initial login screen for the system and/or a key or other indicator can be illuminated on one or more telephone sets and/or on another part of the system hardware. The agent can also provide an alarm notification to outside service personnel. 
       FIG. 5  depicts the operation of the license manager when a new license file is received by the spare telecommunication processor system  100 . In step  500 , the ADD LICENSE command is invoked. In step  504 , the license manager decrypts the new license file. 
     In step  508 , the license manager performs a series of checks to determine if the license file is valid. The license manager confirms that the serial number contained in the license file matches the serial number of the spare processor, that the license has not expired, that the version contained in the license file matches the software version loaded onto the processor system  100 , that the offer category contained in the license file matches the offer category contained in the translation files of the system  100 , data integrity using a checksum or other suitable approach, and that the license file length and format are correct. 
     If one or more of the preceding queries is not confirmed, the license manager proceeds to step  524  and displays a suitable error message to the user and terminates operation in step  528 . 
     If each of the queries is confirmed, the new license file is stored in translation in step  512 . The new license file overwrites the license file already in memory. 
     The application then processes the new license file feature mask in step  516 . The application activates and deactivates features and sets new limits in accordance with the new license file feature mask. 
     Next in step  520 , the application sets the license mode as defined above and illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
     A number of variations and modifications of the invention can be used. It would be possible to provide for some features of the invention without providing others. 
     For example in one alternative embodiment, the division of the various functions performed by the license manager, activation agent, timer, and mode setting agent modules are different. For example, the license manager can perform all or part of the licensing-related functions of the mode setting agent or the mode setting agent can perform all or part of the licensing-related functions of the license manager. 
     In another alternative embodiment, the mode setting agent  124  is not a part of the telecommunication application  114 . 
     In yet another alternative embodiment, the license manager, activation agent, timer, and/or mode setting agent  124  are implemented as software and/or hardware, such as a logic circuit, e.g., an application specific integrated circuit. 
     In yet another alternative embodiment, any other applications running on the telecommunication processor system  100  can utilize the same mechanism as the mode setting agent  124  to determine if they are to be allowed to execute and what options they execute. 
     In yet a further alternative embodiment, the above techniques are applied with other telecommunication and/or non-telecommunication computational architectures having duplicated computational components. The computational components can be hardware, software, or a combination of the two. 
     In yet a further alternative embodiment, the license file can include fields for any number of unique identifiers for the same or differing types of hardware components. For example, for a license verification to be successful the license manager could require that there be matches for serial numbers not only of a control processor but also of an application specific integrated circuit or another type of hardware component. 
     In yet another embodiment, unsuccessful license verification causes only the contacting telecommunication application and not other successfully validated telecommunication applications or other parts of the system to be set to a mode other than the LICENSE NORMAL mode. 
     In yet another embodiment, when in LICENSE-NORMAL mode, if the mode setting agent does not receive a license response from a license manager within a predetermined time period of issuing a license request, the agent automatically enters the LICENSE-ERROR mode. When in the LICENSE-ERROR mode for reason other than failure to receive a license response, or at system initialization, if the agent does not receive a license response from the license manager within the predetermined period of issuing the license request, the system  100  shall enter NO-LICENSE mode. 
     In yet another embodiment, a separate timer  126   a - n  is not contained in each application but a common timer is used in the processor system  100  or an adjunct connected to the system  100 . 
     In yet another embodiment, the present invention is used to enable/disable one or more applications executed by a server in addition to or in lieu of a switch. This embodiment is particularly useful in monitoring licensing in multi-mode contact centers which receive a broad variety of contact types, such as telephone calls, electronic mail, and contacts via a Web browser. 
     The present invention, in various embodiments, includes components, methods, processes, systems and/or apparatus substantially as depicted and described herein, including various embodiments, subcombinations, and subsets thereof. Those of skill in the art will understand how to make and use the present invention after understanding the present disclosure. The present invention, in various embodiments, includes providing devices and processes in the absence of items not depicted and/or described herein or in various embodiments hereof, including in the absence of such items as may have been used in previous devices or processes, e.g., for improving performance, achieving ease and\or reducing cost of implementation. 
     The foregoing discussion of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing is not intended to limit the invention to the form or forms disclosed herein. Although the description of the invention has included description of one or more embodiments and certain variations and modifications, other variations and modifications are within the scope of the invention, e.g. as may be within the skill and knowledge of those in the art, after understanding the present disclosure. It is intended to obtain rights which include alternative embodiments to the extent permitted, including alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges or steps to those claimed, whether or not such alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges or steps are disclosed herein, and without intending to publicly dedicate any patentable subject matter.