Abstract:
An apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display is provided with a first supporter for supporting a first substrate with the state of restraining the displacement in a surface direction of the first substrate on a first surface plate, a second supporter for supporting a second substrate with the state of restraining the displacement in a surface direction of the second substrate on a second surface plate, a pressurized for press-welding the first and second substrates by pressing the first and second surface plates, and a position-aligning mechanism for performing an alignment between the first and second substrates while the pressing means presses the first and second surface plates.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a division of co-pending application Ser. No. 09/907,903, filed on Jul. 19, 2001, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display by bonding two transparent substrates in a vacuum, and particularly, to an apparatus and a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display, which makes it possible to easily perform an alignment with high precision in a short time.  
           [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0005]    Conventionally, as a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display, there has been a method having the steps of forming a sealing material between two substrates and injecting a liquid crystal into the inside thereof as described below. Hereinafter, this manufacturing method is referred to as “a first prior art”. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to the first prior art.  
           [0006]    First, two substrates are provided. On one surface of one substrate, a thin film transistor (TFT) is formed in an array shape. Hereinafter, this substrate is referred to as “a TFT substrate”. On one surface of the other substrate, a color filter (CF) is formed. Hereinafter, this substrate is referred to as “a CF substrate”. Thereafter, an orientation film is formed on both the TFT substrate and the CF substrate (step S 1 ). Next, spacers are formed on the surface of the CF substrate on which the CF is formed (step S 2   a ), and a sealing material having an injection hole in part is formed in a rectangular shape on the surface of the first substrate (the TFT substrate) on which the TFT is formed (step S 2   b ). Thereafter, the surfaces of the second substrate (the CF substrate) and the first substrate on which the CF and the TFT are respectively formed are opposed to each other, and then superposed one on another (step S 3 ). Subsequently, these are heated so that the sealing material formed in the first substrate is burned (step S 4 ).  
           [0007]    Thereafter, the superposed first and second substrates are cut and divided into the predetermined number of panels (step S 5 ). Then, a liquid crystal is injected into the inside through the injection hole provided in the sealing material (step S 6 ). Thereafter, the injection hole is sealed (step S 7 ). And then, a cleaning of the panel is performed in order to eliminate contamination made by the liquid crystal injection and the like (step S 8 ). Thereafter, a polarizing plate is attached thereon, and a driving circuit and the like are installed, thereby a liquid crystal display is completed.  
           [0008]    However, in the first prior art, there is a problem that there are too many steps.  
           [0009]    Therefore, recently, in the standpoint of reducing the number of steps, a manufacturing method having the steps of dropping a liquid crystal in a TFT substrate and bonding the TFT substrate and a CF substrate in a vacuum has been developed and known. Hereinafter, this manufacturing method is referred to as “a second prior art”. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to the second prior art.  
           [0010]    First, as in the first prior art, two substrates are provided. After that, an orientation film is formed on both a first substrate (a TFT substrate) and a second substrate (a CF substrate) (step S 11 ). Next, spacers are formed on the surface of the second substrate on which the CF is formed (step S 12   a ), and a sealing material composed of a photo-curable resin is formed in a rectangular shape on the surface of the first substrate on which the TFT is formed (step S 12   b ). Thereafter, a liquid crystal is dropped inside of the sealing material in the first substrate, and the surfaces of the second substrate and the first substrate on which the CF and the TFT are respectively formed are opposed in a vacuum and aligned, and pressed each other, and then the vacuum is ventilated (released to the atmosphere), so that the second substrate and the first substrate are fixed by an atmospheric press (step S 13 ).  
           [0011]    Next, the sealing material is irradiated by ultraviolet rays to become a semi-cured state (step S 14 ). Subsequently, the sealing material is heated to be thermally cured (step S 15 ). Then, the bonded first and second substrates are cut and divided into the predetermined number of panels (step S 16 ). Thereafter, a polarizing plate is attached thereon, and a driving circuit and the like are installed, thereby a liquid crystal display is completed.  
           [0012]    [0012]FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of an apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display used in the second prior art.  
           [0013]    In the conventional apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display, there is provided with a vacuum chamber  111 , and a first surface plate  112  and a second surface plate  113  are provided within the vacuum chamber  111  in parallel to each other. In the vacuum chamber  111 , there are provided with a vacuum suction opening  111   a  and a vacuum exhaust opening  111   b . The material for the first surface plate  112  is, for example, ceramics, and an electrode (the first substrate sucker)  114  for electrostatic suction of a first substrate  131  is padded in the surface opposite to the second surface plate  113 . Likewise, the material for the second surface plate  113  is, for example, ceramics, and an electrode (the second substrate sucker)  115  for electrostatic suction of a second substrate  132  is padded in the surface opposite to the first surface plate  112 . Also, in each of the first surface plate  112  and the second surface plate  113 , inhalation holes (not shown) and the like for vacuum suction of the first substrate  131  and the second substrate  132  are provided.  
           [0014]    Furthermore, the lower surface of the first surface plate  112  is connected to the upper end of a first surface plate-connecting pedestal  125 , and the lower end of the first surface plate-connecting pedestal  125  is connected to a position-adjusting table  126 . On the position-adjusting table  126 , there is provided with a motor (not shown), which enables the first surface plate-connecting pedestal  125  to move straight in two directions perpendicular to each other (X direction and Y direction) and to rotate in a circumferential direction (θ direction) having the central axis as a rotating axis. Therefore, the position of the first surface plate  112  and the first substrate  131  is adjusted by the position-adjusting table  126 .  
           [0015]    Further, there is provided with a pressing motor  127 , which moves the second surface plate  113  in a vertical direction to press the second surface plate  113  and the first surface plate  112  each other. The pressing motor  127  is fixed to a fixing member  128   a . Also, outside of the vacuum chamber  111 , there are provided with an alignment camera  130  for detecting positions of alignment marks  133  and  134  respectively provided in the first substrate  131  and the second substrate  132 , and an ultraviolet rays source  135  irradiating ultraviolet rays to a photo-curable resin  143  for tacking applied between the substrates. Also, a second surface plate-supporting member  129 , which supports the second surface plate  113  against the first surface plate  112  in parallel, is supported to a fixing member  128   b.    
           [0016]    In addition, in the second prior art, although the CF substrate and the TFT substrate are pressed with superposed state in a vacuum, an alignment between the second substrate  132  (the CF substrate) and the first substrate  131  (the TFT substrate) is performed before being pressed. At this time, the gap between the second substrate and the first substrate is from about 0.2 to 0.5 mm. Further, the gap between the CF substrate and the TFT substrate, after being pressed by atmosphere (referred to as “an atmospheric press”), is about 5 μm.  
           [0017]    According to the second prior art, in comparison to the first prior art, there are advantages that the number of steps can be reduced, and because there is no process step of injecting a liquid crystal followed by superposing the substrates, the contamination therefrom can be prevented, and the material for sealing a hole thereafter is not needed.  
           [0018]    Also, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-66163 publication discloses a substrate-bonding apparatus, which bonds two substrates in a vacuum chamber by pressing the surface plates while checking the position of a mark using a recognition camera with the state of sucking the substrates to the surface plates by an electrostatic chuck.  
           [0019]    However, in the second prior art, since the alignment is performed between the alignment marks provided in each of the substrate before pressing the surface plates, there is a problem that misalignment occurred by later pressurization needs to be corrected.  
           [0020]    Also, in the substrate-bonding apparatus described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-66163 Publication, although the alignment is performed by fixing the substrates to the surface plates by the electrostatic suction, if the alignment is performed during the press, thrust is exerted in the direction parallel to a surface of the substrate, and if this thrust exceeds friction force having electrostatic suction and pressurizing force as drag, the position of the substrates is displaced. Therefore, it becomes necessary to precisely correct the misalignment plural times, and the number of steps increases. Further, in the worst case, there is a problem that the correction itself cannot be performed.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0021]    The object of this invention is to provide an apparatus and a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display, which makes it possible to easily perform an alignment of two substrates with high alignment precision in a short time.  
           [0022]    According to one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display constituted by bonding a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other with a liquid crystal intervened between them, the apparatus comprises first and second surface plates having first and second substrate suckers disposed in parallel to each other. Each of the first and second substrate sucker sucks the first and second substrates, respectively. The apparatus further comprises: a vacuum chamber in which the first and second surface plates are provided; a first supporter which supports the first substrate with the state of restraining the displacement in a surface direction of the first substrate on the first surface plate; a second supporter which supports the second substrate with the state of restraining the displacement in a surface direction of the second substrate on the second surface plate; a pressurizer for press-welding the first and second substrates by pressing the first and second surface plates; and a position-aligning mechanism which performs an alignment between the first and second substrates while the pressurizer presses the first and second surface plates.  
           [0023]    In the present invention, there are provided with the suckers for sucking the substrates to the surface plates, and supporters for supporting the substrates with the state of restraining the displacement in a surface direction of substrates on the surface plates, and a position-aligning mechanism for performing an alignment between the substrates while being pressed by the surface plates.  
           [0024]    Thereby, although great force is applied from the pressurizer during the alignment, it is prevented that the substrates are displaced from the surface plates during the alignment because the first and second substrates are restrained in the direction parallel to the surface by the first and second supporters.  
           [0025]    Moreover, in the vacuum chamber, the alignment between the first substrate and the second substrate is performed by the position-aligning mechanism in the state that a predetermined pressure is applied between the first surface plate and the second surface plate. Thereby, the misalignment between the first substrate and the second substrate does not occur although the press by the pressurizer is released.  
           [0026]    In addition, by releasing the vacuum, since both substrates are subject to the press by atmospheric pressure (atmospheric press) as the state that an alignment is performed, very high precision is maintained. As a result, it becomes possible to perform the alignment with much ease and with high precision in a short time.  
           [0027]    In case where each of the first and second substrates is electro-statically sucked to the first and second surface plates by the substrate sucker, it becomes possible to suck the substrates firmly even under low pressure in the vacuum chamber.  
           [0028]    The first supporter may comprise: a first fixing member fixed on a surface of the first surface plate on which the first substrate sucker is provided, and having a plane vertical to the surface; a second fixing member fixed on a surface of the first surface plate on which the first substrate sucker is provided, and having a plane vertical to the surface of the first surface plate and the plane of the first fixing member; and a first squeezing mechanism which squeezes each of two sides of the first substrate perpendicular to each other on each of the planes of the first and second fixing mechanism. The second supporter may comprise: a third fixing member fixed on a surface of the second surface plate on which the second substrate sucker is provided, and having a plane vertical to the surface; a fourth fixing member fixed on a surface of the second surface plate on which the second substrate sucker is provided, and having a plane vertical to the surface of the second surface plate and the plane of the third fixing mechanism; and a second squeezing mechanism which squeezes each of two sides of the second substrate perpendicular to each other on each of the planes of the third and fourth fixing mechanism. In this case, the first and second squeezing mechanism may tightly squeeze two sides of the substrate on two fixing members in one direction, respectively, however, it is preferred to tightly squeeze them in two directions vertical to each of the planes of the fixing members because it is possible to more tightly squeeze the substrates on the fixing means.  
           [0029]    According to another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display constituted by bonding a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other with a liquid crystal intervened between them, the apparatus comprises: a liquid crystal dropping unit which drops a liquid crystal on the first substrate; a resin applying unit which applies a photo-curable resin on the first substrate; first and second surface plates having first and second electrostatic suckers disposed in parallel to each other. Each of the first and second electrostatic suckers sucks the first and second substrates, respectively. The apparatus further comprises: a vacuum chamber in which the first and second surface plates are provided; a first supporter which supports the first substrate with the state of restraining the displacement in a surface direction of the first substrate on the first surface plate; a second supporter which supports the second substrate with the state of restraining the displacement in a surface direction of the second substrate on the second surface plate; a pressurizer for press-welding the first and second substrates by pressing the first and second surface plates; a position-adjusting table for performing an alignment between the first and second substrates by sliding the first surface plate in two axial directions parallel to the surface of the first surface plate and in a circumferential direction having an axis vertical to the surface of the first surface plate as a rotating axis, while the pressurizer presses the first and second surface plates; and an ultraviolet irradiator which irradiates ultraviolet rays to the photo-curable resin in the state that the first and second substrates are press-welded.  
           [0030]    Also, in this apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display, although great force is applied from the pressurizer, it is prevented that the substrates are displaced from the surface plates during the alignment. Therefore, although the press by the pressurizer is released later, the misalignment between the first substrate and the second substrate does not occur, and very high precision is maintained. As a result, it becomes possible to perform the alignment with much ease and with high precision in a short time.  
           [0031]    According to further another aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display constituted by bonding first and second substrates, the method comprises the steps of: dropping a liquid crystal on the first substrate; performing an alignment between the first and second substrates while pressing the second substrate on a surface of the first substrate on which the liquid crystal is dropped with a predetermined pressure in a vacuum chamber where the internal pressure is below a predetermined value; and releasing the vacuum chamber into atmospheric pressure.  
           [0032]    According to further another aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display constituted by bonding first and second substrates, the method comprises the steps of: dropping a liquid crystal on the first substrate; applying a photo-curable resin on the first substrate; performing an alignment between the first and second substrates by sliding the first substrate in two axial directions parallel to the surface and in a circumferential direction having an axis vertical to the surface as a rotating axis, in a vacuum chamber where the internal pressure is below a predetermined value, while pressing the second substrate on a surface of the first substrate on which the liquid crystal is dropped with a predetermined pressure; irradiating ultraviolet rays to the photo-curable resin in the state that the first and second substrates are press-welded; and releasing the vacuum chamber into atmospheric pressure.  
           [0033]    According to the methods of the present invention, in a vacuum chamber where the internal pressure is below a predetermined value, because the alignment between the first substrate and the second substrate is performed by being pressed, it is prevented that the substrates are displaced from the surface plates during the alignment although great force is applied to the substrates from the pressurizer. Therefore, although the press by the pressurizer is released later, the misalignment between the first substrate and the second substrate does not occur. In addition, by releasing the vacuum, because both substrates are subject to the press by atmospheric pressure (atmospheric press) as the state that the alignment is performed, very high precision is maintained. As a result, it becomes possible to perform the alignment with much ease and with high precision in a short time.  
           [0034]    According to the present invention, because the substrates are subject to the atmospheric press by opening the vacuum chamber as the state that the alignment is performed, very high precision can be maintained. As a result, inconsistencies of display and color can be reduced. Also, comparing to the conventional method to inject a liquid crystal between substrates from a liquid crystal injection hole formed in a sealing material, contamination during the injection of liquid crystal can be prevented, and further, the number of processes can be reduced. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0035]    [0035]FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to the first prior art;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to the second prior art;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of an apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display used in the second prior art;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 4 is a top view schematically showing the structure of an apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of a processing unit  6 ;  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a first surface plate  12  in the state that a first substrate  31  is sucked thereto;  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the operation of the apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to the embodiment of present invention;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIGS. 8A and 8B show the next operation of the operation shown in FIG. 7;  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 9 shows the next operation of the operation shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B;  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 10 shows the next operation of the operation shown in FIG. 9;  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 11 shows the next operation of the operation shown in FIG. 10;  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 12 shows the next operation of the operation shown in FIG. 11; and  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the positions for dropping a liquid crystal and applying a photo-curable resin. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0048]    Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 4 is a top view schematically showing the structure of an apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to an embodiment of present invention.  
         [0049]    In the manufacturing apparatus relating to the present embodiment, there are provided with a first loading unit  1 , on which a first substrate  31  is loaded, and a second loading unit  2 , on which a second substrate  32  is loaded. The first substrate  31  and the second substrate  32  are, for example, a TFT substrate and a CF substrate, respectively, but not limited to them, and it is possible that one of the substrates is a CF-on-TFT substrate and the other thereof has a common electrode. Herein, the CF-on-TFT substrate means that a TFT is arranged on one transparent substrate in an array shape and a CF is further formed on the TFT. Also, both the first substrate  31  and the second substrate  32  are loaded in the state that electrodes and the like are formed on a transparent substrate. In addition, there are provided with a liquid crystal dropping unit  4  for dropping a liquid crystal on the first substrate  31 , a resin applying unit  5  for applying a photo-curable resin on the first substrate  31 , and a processing unit  6  for bonding the first substrate  31  and the second substrate  32 . In the liquid crystal dropping unit  4 , there is provided with a dispenser for liquid crystal  4   a , and in the resin applying unit  5 , there is provided with a dispenser for resin  5   a . Further, there is provided with an UV irradiating unit  7  for irradiating ultraviolet rays to a panel of which the bonding is completed to further cure a photocurable resin.  
         [0050]    In addition, there is provided with a substrate-carrying robot  9  for moving the first substrate  31  and the second substrate  32  among the loading parts  1  and  2 , the liquid crystal dropping unit  4 , the resin applying unit  5 , the processing unit  6 , and the UV irradiating unit  7 .  
         [0051]    Also, a liquid crystal dropping/resin applying unit  8  is constituted by the liquid crystal dropping unit  4  and the resin applying unit  5 , and in the liquid crystal dropping/resin applying unit  8 , there is provided with a stage  8   a , which moves between the liquid crystal dropping unit  4  and the resin applying unit  5  with the first substrate  31  loaded thereon.  
         [0052]    Furthermore, a shutter  6   a  is provided in the substrate-carrying robot  9  side of the processing unit  6 , and a shutter  7   a  is provided in the substrate-carrying robot  9  side of the UV irradiating unit  7 . Both shutters  6   a  and  7   a  are opened when taking in and out the substrate  31  or  32 .  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view showing the structure of the processing unit  6 . In the processing unit  6 , there is provided with a vacuum chamber  11 , and a first surface plate  12  and a second surface plate  13  are provided in the vacuum chamber  11  in parallel to each other. In the vacuum chamber  11 , a vacuum suction opening  11   a  and a vacuum exhaust opening  11   b  are provided. The material for the first surface plate  12  is, for example, ceramics, and an electrode (the first substrate sucker)  14  for electrostatic suction of the first substrate  31  is padded in the surface opposite to the second surface plate  13 . Likewise, the material for the second surface plate  13  is, for example, ceramics, and an electrode (the second substrate sucker)  15  for electrostatic suction of the second substrate  32  is padded in the surface opposite to the first surface plate  12 . Also, in the first surface plate  12  and the second surface plate  13 , inhalation holes (not shown), which are for vacuum suction of the first substrate  31  and the second substrate  32 , and the like are provided.  
         [0054]    [0054]FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the first surface plate  12  in the state that the first substrate  31  is sucked thereto. On the surface of the first surface plate  12  opposite to the second surface plate  13 , first and second fixing guides (first and second fixing members)  16  and  17  in which planes vertical to the opposite surfaces are formed are fixed. The first and second fixing guides  16  and  17  are arranged to be extended perpendicularly to each other, and both planes are also perpendicular to each other. In addition, there are provided with a pusher guide  18  for tightly squeezing the first substrate  31  on the first fixing guide  16  and a pusher guide  19  for tightly squeezing the first substrate  31  on the second fixing guide  17 . As shown in FIG. 5, a driving unit  20  is connected to the pusher guide  18 . Likewise, a driving unit (not shown) is also connected to the pusher guide  19 . And, a first squeezing mechanism is constituted by the pusher guides and the driving units.  
         [0055]    Similarly, on the surface of the second surface plate  13  opposite to the first surface plate  12 , a third fixing guide (a third fixing member)  21  and a fourth fixing guide (a fourth fixing member) (not shown) in which planes vertical to the opposite surfaces are formed are fixed. In addition, there are provided with a pusher guide  22  for tightly squeezing the second substrate  32  on the third fixing guide  21  and a pusher guide (not shown) for tightly squeezing the second substrate  32  on the fourth fixing guide. A driving unit  23  is connected to the pusher guide  22 . Likewise, a driving unit (not shown) is also connected to the other pusher guide. And, a second squeezing mechanism is constituted by the pusher guides and the driving units. Further, in the upper and lower portions of the vacuum chamber  11 , bellows  24  are provided, and the pusher guide  18  and the like are inserted through the bellows  24 .  
         [0056]    Furthermore, the lower surface of the first surface plate  12  is connected to the upper end of a first surface plate-connecting pedestal  25 , and the lower end of the first surface plate-connecting pedestal  25  is connected to a position-adjusting table  26 . On the position-adjusting table  26 , the driving unit  20  and the like provided on the first surface plate  12  side of the vacuum chamber  11  are also fixed. On the position-adjusting table  26 , there is provided with a motor (not shown), which enables the first surface plate-connecting pedestal  25  to move straight in two directions perpendicular to each other (X direction and Y direction) and further to rotate in a circumferential direction (θ direction) by having the central axis as a rotating axis. Therefore, the position of the first surface plate  12  and the first substrate  31  is adjusted by the position-adjusting table  26 .  
         [0057]    Further, there is provided with a pressing motor  27 , which moves the second surface plate  13  in the vertical direction to press the second surface plate  13  and the first surface plate  12  each other. The pressing motor  27  is fixed to a fixing member  28   a . Also, outside of the vacuum chamber  11 , there are provided with an alignment camera  30  for detecting position of alignment marks  33  and  34  respectively provided in the first substrate  31  and the second substrate  32 , and an ultraviolet rays source  35  irradiating ultraviolet rays to the photo-curable resin for tacking applied with the substrates.  
         [0058]    Also, there is provided with a fixing member  28   b  for fixing the driving unit  23  provided on the second surface plate  13  side of the vacuum chamber  11 , and a second surface plate-supporting member  29 , which supports the second surface plate  13  against the first surface plate  12  in parallel, is supported to the fixing member  28   b.    
         [0059]    Further, although not being shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a pushing-up pin, which protrudes from the surface of the first surface plate to the second surface plate  13  side and supports the substrates  31  and  32 , is provided in the first surface plate  12 .  
         [0060]    Next, the operation of the apparatus for manufacturing a crystal display device constituted as described above according to the present embodiment, namely, the method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display using the manufacturing apparatus will be described. FIGS. 7 through 12 are schematic views showing the operation of the apparatus for manufacturing a liquid crystal display according to the embodiment of the present invention in the order.  
         [0061]    First, the substrate-carrying robot  9  picks up the second substrate  32  from the second loading unit  2  and reverses the upper and lower surfaces. Therefore, electrodes and the like provided in the second substrate  32  are positioned in the lower part side. Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the shutter  6   a  of the processing unit  6  is opened, and the pushing-up pin  12   a  is protruded, and the second substrate  32  is loaded on the pushing-up pin  12   a . Subsequently, the pressing motor  27  is activated to lower the second surface plate  13  up to the height that the second surface plate  13  can suck the second substrate  32 . Further, position determination and fixing of the second substrate  32  are performed by the pusher guides  22  and the like, and the second substrate  32  is sucked by the second surface plate  13 .  
         [0062]    Next, the substrate-carrying robot  9  picks up the first substrate  31  from the first loading unit  1 , and transfers it on the stage  8   a  of the liquid crystal dropping unit  4 . On the loaded first substrate  31 , as shown in FIG. 8A, a sealing material  42  is applied. The sealing material  42  is that, for example, a gapping material having particles of about 5 μm in diameter is dispersed in the photo-curable resin. Also, the width of the sealing material  42  is, for example, about 1 mm. In FIG. 8A, although the sealing material  42  is applied in a rectangular shape in two parts for cutting the first substrate  31  into two TFT substrates, for example, in case of cutting the first substrate  31  into four TFT substrates, the sealing material is applied in a rectangular shape in four parts. Further, a viscosity of the sealing material  42  is, for example, hundreds of thousands cP, but not limited to it.  
         [0063]    And, after transferring the first substrate  31 , a liquid crystal  4   b  is dropped by the dispenser  4   a  within the area surrounded by the sealing material  42 . FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing positions for dropping a liquid crystal and applying a photo-curable resin. As shown in FIG. 13, the liquid crystal  4   b  may be either dispersed with the small amount within a predetermined quantity or dropped with somewhat large amount in the center portion. Thereafter, the first substrate  31  is transferred to the resin applying unit  5  by the stage  8   a  provided in the liquid crystal dropping/resin applying unit  8 . Then, as shown in FIG. 8B, a photo-curable resin  43  is applied on the first substrate  31  by the dispenser  5   a . At this time, the photo-curable resin  43  may be applied every one place around four corners of the sealing material  42  as shown in FIG. 13, but is not limited to it.  
         [0064]    Next, the first substrate  31  is transferred to the processing unit  6  by the substrate-carrying robot  9 , and as shown in FIG. 9, the first substrate  31  is loaded on the pushing-up pin  12   a  in the processing unit  6 , and the shutter  6   a  is closed. Subsequently, the pushing-up pin  12   a  is lowered, position determination and fixing of the first substrate  31  are performed by the pusher guides  18  and  19 , and the like, and the first substrate  31  is sucked by the first surface plate  12 .  
         [0065]    Thereafter, a vacuum suction is performed in the vacuum chamber  11  from the vacuum suction opening  11   a . And, after the internal pressure of the vacuum chamber  11  reaches a predetermined pressure, while the vacuum suction is performed in the vacuum suction opening  11   a  for maintaining the inside of the vacuum chamber  11  below the predetermined pressure, the position of the first surface plate  12  is adjusted by the position-adjusting table  26 , as shown in FIG. 10 such that the misalignment of the first substrate  31  and the second substrate  32  is, for example, within 5 μm, with having the gap between the two substrates, for example, from about 0.2 to about 0.5 mm, while detecting the positions of the alignment marks  33  and  34  by the alignment camera  30 .  
         [0066]    Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 11, the positions of the alignment marks  33  and  34  are detected while pressing the second surface plate  13  and the first surface plate  12  each other by the pressing motor  27 , and the position of the first surface plate  12  is adjusted by the position-adjusting table  26  such that the misalignment thereof is, for example, within 1.0 μm. And, the resultant amount of pressing is, for example, 1960 N, and the gap between the first substrate  31  and the second substrate  32  in this state is almost equal to the diameter of the granular gapping material dispersed in the sealing material  42 , i.e., about 5 μm. Thereafter, in the state that the pressure of, for example, 1960 N is applied, the photo-curable resin  43  applied around the sealing material  42  is cured temporarily by irradiating ultraviolet rays from the ultraviolet rays source  35 .  
         [0067]    Also, it is preferred that constraint force by the fixing guides and the pusher guides can constrain the misalignment of substrates by at least the amount equivalent to the weight by the pressing motor  27 , for example, the thrust of about 1960 N in case where the weight by the pressing motor  27  is 1960 N although it depends on friction coefficient between the substrate and the surface plate.  
         [0068]    In the conventional apparatus, in case of performing a position adjustment while pressing the second surface plate  13  and the first surface plate  12  each other, the force for restricting the movement of the substrates  31  and  32  in the direction parallel to the surface thereof is only the friction force proportional to drag acted on the surface plate from the substrate. In this regard, in the present embodiment, the movement of the substrates  31  and  32  in the direction parallel to the surface thereof is restricted even by restraint force by the fixing guide and the pusher guide during pressing the second surface plate  13  and the first surface plate  12  each other. Therefore, it was difficult to perform the alignment due to the misalignment of substrates in the conventional apparatus, however, according to this embodiment, it is possible to perform the alignment of substrates with much ease and in a short time.  
         [0069]    Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 11, N 2  purging is performed by flowing in N 2  gas into the vacuum chamber  11  while slowly increasing the flow of N 2  gas from the vacuum exhaust opening  11   b  until the pressure of the vacuum chamber  11  becomes the atmospheric pressure. In case of applying the atmospheric pressure suddenly, great impact force is acted on the sealing material  42  and the like in an instant, however, the impact force on the sealing material  42  and the like can be prevented in case of slowly flowing in N 2  gas as such. Such purging method is, for example, referred to as “slow vent”. The flow change of N 2  gas in this slow vent may be changed in a linear proportional function, quadratic function, or in stages, but not limited to this.  
         [0070]    And, as shown in FIG. 12, the bonded substrates  31  and  32  are raised by the pushing-up pin  12   a , and the shutter  6   a  is opened, and the substrates  31  and  32  are picked up by the substrate-carrying robot  9 . Subsequently, the shutter  7   a  is opened, and after transferring the substrates  31  and  32  in the UV irradiation unit  7 , the shutter  7   a  is closed. And then, the sealing material  42  is heated to be cured. At this time, it is preferred to use a mask for protecting the TFT from ultraviolet rays because the TFT may be damaged by ultraviolet rays.  
         [0071]    According to the present embodiment described above, since the last position alignment (a fine adjustment) of the first substrate  31  and the second substrate  32  is performed while pressing the first surface plate  12  and the second surface plate  13  each other, the gapping material in the sealing material  42  rolls during the alignment. At this time, since the width of the sealing material  42  is about 1 mm and the height thereof is about 5 μm, the rolling of the gapping material will not be returned although the press is released thereafter. In addition, since the photo-curable resin  43  applied around the sealing material  42  is cured temporarily in the pressing state, the misalignment between the first substrate  31  and the second substrate  32  is prevented. Therefore, because the substrates are subject to the atmospheric press as the state that the alignment is performed, very high precision is maintained.  
         [0072]    Also, during this fine adjustment, since the first substrate  31  and the second substrate  32  are restrained by the fixing guides  16  and the like, and the pusher guides  18  and the like in the direction parallel to the surface thereof, it is prevented that the substrates are displaced from the surface plates during the alignment although great force is applied from the pressing motor  27 . Therefore, it is possible to perform the alignment with much ease and high precision.  
         [0073]    When it is possible to perform the alignment with very high precision as described above, the inconsistencies of display and color are further reduced.