Abstract:
A method for constructing a wall structure for a bulk commodity carrying truck body or trailer is defined. The method includes arranging a plurality extruded aluminum panels to define a wall structure, wherein each of the plurality of panels includes a flat inner wall, an outer wall spaced-apart from the inner wall, and first and second end walls that extend between and interconnect the inner and outer walls. The arranging step includes locating the panels in a series with first and second end walls of adjacent panels abutted with each other and defining a seam. The method further includes fixedly securing the adjacent panels together by welding the seam and arranging the wall structure as part of the bulk commodity carrying truck body or trailer with each seam extending vertically. A wall structure and panel for same are also disclosed.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 11/513,771 filed Aug. 31, 2006 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,296,846, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 11/333,638 filed Jan. 17, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,100,972, which is a divisional of application Ser. No. 11/195,285 filed Aug. 2, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,014,252, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/745,248, filed Dec. 23, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,929,311, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/177,728, filed Jun. 21, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,669,271, which claims priority from and benefit of the filing date of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/300,232, filed Jun. 22, 2001, and all of said prior applications/patents are hereby expressly incorporated by reference into this specification. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention is directed to a smooth side trailer and body structure having walls formed of abutted extruded aluminum panels and the method of making the same. Panels are aligned vertically adjacent to one another, optionally with at least one female receiving portion of one panel engaging at least one male portion an adjacent panel. Adjacent panels form smooth side walls of a trailer. The panels are welded together along a vertical seam between adjacent abutted panels 
     BACKGROUND 
     Dump trailers, dump bodies, tipper trailers and walking floor trailers (bulk commodity trailers/bodies), traditionally have been produced in various lengths and capacities and consist generally of a chassis formed principally of one or more I-beams and a plurality of cross frame members joining the same with ground engaging wheel assemblies located under one end of the chassis and retractable support gear situated inwardly of the other end. A dump body comprises a floor structure incorporating longitudinal and cross frame members and a floor thereon with side walls and a front end wall secured thereto. The dump body is pivotally mounted on the chassis adjacent to the rear end thereof and a hoist, usually hydraulically actuated, is positioned between the front end of the dump body to elevate the same. While a variety of metallic materials have been employed to fabricate dump bodies, light weight and high strength metals, such as aluminum and various alloys thereof (hereafter collectively “Aluminum”), have become the favored manufacturing stock because they make possible production of trailers/bodies having low “empty weight” and optimum payload potential. 
     Aluminum floor, side wall and other components have been produced for dump bodies; however, such components have largely taken the form of either rolled sheet metal and/or a variety of extruded members which were solid throughout. Additionally, such dump body components have typically been joined to one another by known arc welding techniques that not only require highly skilled welding personnel and considerable quantities of energy and consumable materials, but also are less than ideally suited for Aluminum components. In addition, the walls formed by these materials and processes in order to be structurally sound did not form smooth walls. The walls typically utilize reinforcing members at spaced apart intervals along the length of the wall, forming a serrated appearance, which increases wind resistance. High wind resistance and heavy weight increases travel time and fuel consumption in use of the trailer or body. 
     Thus, a need exists for a trailer/body structure that in addition to being structurally sufficient to accommodate desired loads and uses, like those sheet metal and/or extruded solid forms now commonly employed, are even lighter in weight and have smooth walls. In addition, it would be beneficial to provide such a trailer which does not require substantial amounts of support structures welded to the inside walls which take up valuable capacity. It would also be desirable to form the trailer or body to have increased capacity for use in handling larger volumes of materials where the above desired characteristics would be even more important. 
     SUMMARY 
     In accordance with one aspect of the present development, a method for constructing a wall structure for a bulk commodity carrying truck body or trailer is defined. The method includes arranging a plurality extruded aluminum panels to define a wall structure, wherein each of the plurality of panels comprises a flat inner wall, an outer wall spaced-apart from the inner wall, and first and second end walls that extend between and interconnect the inner and outer walls. The arranging step includes locating the panels in a series with first and second end walls of adjacent panels abutted with each other and defining a seam. The method further includes fixedly securing the adjacent panels together by welding along the seam where the first and second end walls are abutted and arranging said wall structure as part of the bulk commodity carrying truck body or trailer with seams extending vertically. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present development, a wall structure for a bulk commodity carrying truck body or trailer includes a plurality extruded aluminum panels arranged vertically to define a wall structure, wherein each of the plurality of panels includes a flat inner wall, an outer wall spaced-apart from the inner wall, and first and second end walls that extend between and interconnect the inner and outer walls. The panels are arranged in a series with first and second end walls of adjacent panels abutted with each other and defining a vertically extending seam. The seam between adjacent panels is welded. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the present development, a panel for a wall structure of a commodity carrying trailer or truck body includes an extruded aluminum structure comprising a flat inner wall, an outer wall spaced-apart from the inner wall, and first and second end walls that extend between and interconnect the inner and outer walls. One of the first and second end walls includes a projecting flange located between said flat inner wall and said outer wall, and the other of said first and second end walls includes a groove located between said flat inner wall and said outer wall. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a cross sectional view of prior art trailer floor and walls. 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of a portion of a smooth wall formed by extruded panels in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view of a bottom rail of a trailer in accordance with the present invention, which connects the extruded panels to the floor of the trailer. 
         FIG. 4  is a cross sectional view of a top rail in the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a cross sectional view of a trailer floor and walls in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a side view of a first embodiment of a smooth side tipper trailer in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a side view of a second embodiment of a smooth side tipper trailer in accordance with the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a side view of a third embodiment of a smooth side tipper trailer in accordance with the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention will be described herein in reference to the attached figures. It should be understood that although specific embodiments are shown in the drawings and described herein, variations of these embodiments are clearly within the scope of the present invention. 
     In the following description, “inside” refers to the surface of the body structure walls facing the cargo holding area of the body; “outside” refers to the direction away from the cargo holding area of the body. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a cross section of a prior art trailer  100 . Prior art bodies are comprised of a floor  102 . Side walls  104  were welded to the floor  102  at a bottom portion and then supported by a brace  108 , which was welded to both the floor  102  and the wall  104 . A top rail  106  was positioned over the top portion of the wall and welded thereto. The prior art walls were generally in the form of either rolled sheet metal and/or a variety of extruded members which were solid throughout. The components were typically joined to one another by arc welding techniques which not only require highly skilled welding personnel and considerable quantities of energy and consumable materials, but also are less than ideally suited for Aluminum components. 
     The body components of the present invention are shown in  FIGS. 2 through 8 .  FIG. 6  shows a typical tipper-type trailer. Tipper trailers are constructed of a chassis (not shown), having one or several spaced parallel I-beams (not shown) with cross frame members therebetween (not shown) and ground engaging wheel assemblies  66  below the back end of the chassis. The trailer further comprises a body structure which includes a floor member or assembly  50  positioned on a plurality of spaced cross frame members (not shown). The floor member  50  supports the side walls, which are comprised of a plurality of adjacent extruded panels  10 . The back end of the tipper trailer is designated  64 . The back end of the trailer  64  may have an opening through which cargo material in the trailer body will move by gravity when the tipper trailer is elevated. In the alternative, tipper trailers may be configured to be lifted by a tipping machine and inverted such that material will move out of the trailer through the back end  64  or another opening. Those skilled in the art will observe that an opening at the back end of the tipper body is usually closed with a pivotal tail gate and that the front end or bulkhead of the trailer body  58  is provided with the usual front wall typically constructed of a sheet material to join the side walls making an enclosed space. It should be understood that various trailer constructions maybe used with the inventive wall and assembly configurations described herein. 
     In the present invention, the walls of the trailer are made from a plurality of extruded panels  10  arranged vertically or horizontally and adjacent to one another. A top view of two extruded panels  10  positioned adjacent to one another is shown in  FIG. 2 . The extruded panels are preferably made of extruded aluminum or another metal, which provides sufficient durability to withstand carrying of cargo as well as contact with extreme environmental elements. The length of the panels is variable depending on the desired height of the trailer walls and body configuration. One of the only limitations on the size of the panel is the capacity of an extruding machine used to make the panels. In one embodiment of the present invention, the hollow spaces in the wall panels  10  are filled with an insulating material such as foam or fiberglass insulation. The insulating material is used to increase the strength of the panels and/or to provide some hot or cold thermal insulation for the body&#39;s cargo. In the alternative, solid extruded aluminum wall panels are within the scope of the present invention. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , each panel  10  is typically hollow and has an inside wall  12 , an outside wall  14 , and two end walls  16  and  18 . Each panel also has intermediate walls  20  which connect the inside wall  12  and outside wall  14  between the two end walls  16  and  18 . The intermediate walls  20  also serve to reinforce the inside  12  and outside  14  walls. The number of intermediate walls can be varied based on the width of the extruded panels  10  and the need for additional reinforcement in the panel  10 . The wall panels  10  may also comprise reinforcing ribs  21  shown in  FIG. 2  projecting from the inside wall  12  toward the outside wall  14  or vice versa The reinforcing ribs  21  provide additional strength and rigidity to the wall panels  10 . 
     A first end wall  16  is equipped with a groove  26  that extends along the length of the panel between the top rail  60  and bottom rail  40  of trailer ( FIG. 5 ). A second end wall is equipped with a ridge or flange  24 . The flange  24  also extends along the length of the panel. The flange  24  and groove  26  correspond to one another and the groove is slightly larger than the ridge so that the ridge of one panel  10  can be inserted into the groove  26  of another panel when the panels are mounted adjacent one another. As shown in  FIG. 2 , groove  26  and ridge  24  are offset towards the outside wall  14 . Seals are created at the flange and groove connection between the two panels. In addition, the flange and groove are positioned on the sides of the extruded panels such that when the panels are positioned adjacent to one another and fit together, the side walls of the body structure is smooth. 
     It is contemplated by the present invention that the panels may lock together simply by the action of the flange of one panel engaging the groove of a second panel. Alternatively, it should be understood that adhesives may be placed on the sides of the panels between two adjacent panels where the flange and groove engage or the seam between panels can be welded. Other suitable methods of connecting panels to one another or combinations thereof are contemplated. It is also contemplated by the present invention that no flange or groove be present on the panels and that the panels are substantially smooth on all sides. The adjacent panels could be placed adjacent to one another within the bottom rail portion (described in relation to  FIG. 3 ) and secured into place by frame members at the front  58  and rear  64  of the body and/or the top rail member (described in relation to  FIG. 4 ). Furthermore, the smooth panels could be secured together by adhesive and/or welding between adjacent end walls of two panels. 
     The panels are secured to the floor by the bottom rail apparatus shown in  FIGS. 3 and 5  generally designated  40 . The bottom rail comprises a wall engaging portion  36 , a floor engaging portion  38 , and a reinforcement portion  42 . The width of the wall engaging region  36  is slightly larger than the width of extruded panels  10  so that extruded panels  10  fit tightly into the wall engaging portion. The floor engaging portion  38  has a lower member  48  which extends below the floor and may be welded thereto. The floor engaging portion  38  also has an upper member  46  which extends a short distance along the surface of the floor  50 . The bottom rail also has a reinforcement portion  42  which extends upwards at an angle approximately 45.degree. from the floor. The reinforcement portion  42 , as shown in  FIG. 5 , engages the side wall panels when mounted with the floor engaging portion  38  to form a triangle between the wall  10  and the floor  50 . The reinforcement portion also has a flat end portion  44  which is connected, such as by welding or adhesive, to the extruded wall panels  10 . The bottom rail  40  may be welded to the floor  50  or wall panels  10  at various places. The reinforcement portion  42  is integral to the bottom rail to provide structural integrity in association with the wall as formed from the plurality of wall panels  10 , and yet greatly simplifies manufacturing and reduces labor and materials in the construction. The provision of the reinforcing portion  42  may also allow thinner wall panels  10  to be used while providing the desired structural characteristics, but it should be evident that the characteristics of the wall panels and/or bottom rail  40  could be modified to yield desired structural integrity without the use of the reinforcement portion  42 , and thus this portion would not be necessary. 
     Prior to engagement with the bottom rail  40 , the wall panels  10  formed into a wall assembly typically will have some flexibility due to its construction form a plurality of individual panels  10 . Once the extruded-panels  10  are positioned adjacent one another in the bottom rail  40 , a substantially rigid wall is formed. To further rigidify the wall assembly and to cap the top of the wall, a top rail member  60  as shown in  FIG. 4  may be positioned over the top of the extruded panels to further secure the panels together to form a rigid wall. The top rail member  60  is positioned over the top of the extruded panels as shown in  FIG. 5 , with ends  32  and  34  being connected, such as by welding or adhesive to the respective outer and inner surfaces of the wall panels  10 . As shown in  FIGS. 2 and 5 , inside end  34  extends lower than outside end  32 . The top rail member  60  adds additional structural rigidity to the wall assembly and along with the bottom rail  40  tie the walls into the front bulkhead and rear tailgate as well as the floor of the body to form a rigid body having the desired structural characteristics. In the prior art, due to the characteristics of the walls, it many times would be necessary to provide reinforcing tie bars at spaced intervals along the length of the trailer, which extend between the walls. With the wall construction according to the invention, the use of such tie bars may be eliminated, thereby allowing access to the interior of the trailer through the entire top opening along the length of the body. 
     The panel arrangement also allows for different body configurations to be constructed. As shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 , the volume of the body can be increased by varying the shape of the floor. In  FIG. 7 , shorter panels are used at a front portion of the body in front of the landing gear member  74 . The floor to the rear of the landing gear is dropped to lower creating a larger volume body. Longer vertical extruded panels are used at the portion along the length of the floor where the floor has been lowered. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , various length panels can be used with another type of variable height floor. Longer panels must be used in the portion of the body wall where the distance between floor and the desired height of the body is the greatest. This creates a body having a greater volume than the body shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , limited only by the width of the extruded vertical panels and the capacity of the trailer floor, axles or landing gear. 
     As previously discussed and in reference to  FIGS. 2 through 8 , the method of constructing a trailer comprises the following steps. First, providing a bottom rail  40  having a wall engaging portion  36  and a floor engaging portion  38 . Secondly, attaching the floor engaging portion  38  of the bottom rail to a floor  50  of the trailer. Next, providing a plurality of extruded hollow wall panels  20  wherein each wall panel comprises an inside wall and an outside wall connected to each other by a first end wall and a second end wall and the first end wall includes a groove  26  that extends along the length of the panel and the second end wall includes a projection  24  which that extends along the length of the panel. Another step involves attaching the plurality of wall panels  20  to each other by positioning the projection of the second end wall of a wall panel into the groove of the first end wall of an adjacent wall panel. This step can be supplemented by applying an adhesive between the second end wall of a wall panel and the first end wall of an adjacent wall panel and/or welding a seam on an interior seam between the plurality of wall panels. Next, inserting and securing the plurality of interconnected wall panels  20  into the wall engaging portion  36  of the bottom rail. Prior to the last step, the method may include an optional step of filling the plurality of extruded hollow wall panels with an insulating material. Lastly, attaching a top rail  30  over the plurality of interconnected wall panels. 
     Although the present invention has been described above in detail, the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken as a limitation on the present invention. Accordingly, the scope and content of the present invention are to be defined only by the terms of the appended claims.