Abstract:
Disclosed is a water dispensing machine and a carbonated beverage dispensing system which facilitates a combination of carbon dioxide with water in a configuration which provides a smaller footprint and reduces or eliminates dependency on remotely located carbon dioxide tanks and flavoring systems. The system may be configured to produce only carbonated water or to allow the user to select carbonated water or chilled water, and, alternatively, ambient, unchilled water. A carbonator of the system introduces carbon dioxide to a chilled water stream using an injector with slots. This inline, on demand carbonation system provides benefits over carbonator tank systems which carbonate large volumes of carbonated water in bulk.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a U.S. nationalization under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Application No. PCT/US2014/033778, filed Apr. 11, 2014, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/811,094, filed Apr. 11, 2013. The disclosures set forth in the referenced applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present disclosure includes structures, methods, and systems for producing carbonated water by controllably combining uncarbonated water with carbon dioxide which is controllably dispensed and added to the uncarbonated water. The system includes structures which function to controllably introduce water into the system, devices for cooling or chilling the uncarbonated water, a carbonator assembly, and a controller for controlling the operation of the system. 
     A variety of devices have been developed which combine water and carbon dioxide to produce a carbonated water beverage. Generally, these devices include soda fountain-type dispensers which produce large volumes of carbonated water for combination with flavoring to produce a carbonated beverage or “soda”. Many of these large systems often include large carbon dioxide tanks remotely located relative to the dispenser and bag-in-box (BIB) flavor containers. The BIB containers are also similarly remotely located relative to the dispenser. 
     It would be useful to provide a carbonated beverage dispensing system which facilitates a combination of carbon dioxide with water in a configuration which provides a smaller footprint and reduces or eliminates dependency on remotely located carbon dioxide tanks and flavoring systems. 
     Additionally, it would be useful to develop a system which produces only carbonated water and allows the user to select carbonated water or chilled water, and alternatively ambient, unchilled water. 
     This background information is provided to provide some information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is intended, nor should such admission be inferred or construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure. Other aims, objects, advantages and features of the disclosure will become more apparent upon reading of the following non-restrictive description of specific embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present disclosure will be described hereafter with reference to the attached drawings which are given as a non-limiting example only, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a illustrative system diagram of a water dispensing system which includes a device for cooling or chilling water including plumbing which facilitates chilling of water for dispensing directly as chilled water, dispensing in combination with carbonation to produce carbonated water, or dispensing of ambient filtered water, including a controller to monitor and control the system; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a carbonator assembly showing a flow restrictor on a carbonated water outlet, a static mixing section, a water injector, and a carbon dioxide inlet; 
         FIG. 3  is a front elevational view of the carbonator assembly shown in  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a right side view of the carbonator assembly shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 ; 
         FIG. 5A  is a cross sectional view taken along line  5 A- 5 A in  FIG. 4  showing structures within the static mixing section and the relative location of the water injector and carbon dioxide inlet 
         FIG. 5B  is an enlarged view of a portion of  FIG. 5A  taking in the area  5 B in  FIG. 5A  showing an enlarged view of the slots in the water injector portion of the carbonator assembly and a space between an outside surface of the water injector and the inside surface of the corresponding tubular portion of the carbonator assembly; 
         FIG. 6  is a view of the water injector used in the carbonator assembly; 
         FIG. 7  is an electrical schematic of the system and the controller used with the system as shown in  FIG. 1  providing additional details with regard to the block diagram representation of the controller in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 8  is another embodiment of a carbonator assembly  100   a  similar to that as shown in  FIG. 2 , with the orientation of the water and carbon dioxide lines being slightly differently configured than that as shown in  FIG. 2 , but generally consistent with the configuration disclosed in  FIG. 1 ; and 
         FIG. 9  is a cross sectional view taken along line  9 - 9  in  FIG. 8  providing a cross sectional view similar to  FIG. 5A  showing a cross sectional view of a corresponding water injector  150   a , and with clarification being had by reference to  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     The exemplification set out herein illustrates embodiments of the disclosure that are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure in any manner. Additional features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the disclosure as presently perceived. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     While the present disclosure may be susceptible to embodiment in different forms, there is shown in the drawings, and herein will be described in detail, embodiments with the understanding that the present description is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the disclosure. The disclosure is not limited in its application to the details of structure, function, construction, or the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The disclosure is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of various phrases and terms is meant to encompass the items or functions identified and equivalents thereof as well as additional items or functions. Unless limited otherwise, various phrases, terms, and variations thereof herein are used broadly and encompass all variations of such phrases and terms. Furthermore, and as described in subsequent paragraphs, the specific configurations illustrated in the drawings are intended to exemplify embodiments of the disclosure. However, other alternative structures, functions, and configurations are possible which are considered to be within the teachings of the present disclosure. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, the term “or” is to be considered inclusive. 
     Terms including beverage, brewed, brewing, brewing substance, brewed liquid, and brewed beverage as may be used herein are intended to be broadly defined as including, but not limited to, the brewing of coffee, tea and any other beverages. This broad interpretation is also intended to include, but is not limited to any process of dispensing, infusing, steeping, reconstituting, diluting, dissolving, saturating or passing a liquid through or otherwise mixing or combining a beverage substance with a liquid such as water without limitation to the temperature of such liquid unless specified. This broad interpretation is also intended to including, but is not limited to beverage substances such as ground coffee, tea, liquid beverage concentrate, powdered beverage concentrate, flaked, granular, freeze dried or other forms of materials including liquid, gel, crystal or other forms of beverage or food materials to obtain a desired beverage or other food product. 
     Beverages will be described in the present application and will be generally referred to as “water”. However, it should be understood that the term beverage should be broadly interpreted regardless of reference to beverage as only water. Also, the characteristics or form of the beverage ingredients can be any variety of ingredients which are currently known or hereafter developed. The form of the beverage ingredient may include powder, liquid, gel, crystal, flake, freeze-dried and any other form or state regardless of temperature, phase or other characteristics. Reference to beverage dispensing includes reconstituting, brewing, steeping or any other form of combining a dilution ingredient with a beverage ingredient. 
     Moreover, while “beverage” is referred to, it is envisioned that any variety of food ingredients could be placed in the system to produce a carbonated beverage, chilled beverage, or ambient temperature beverage. While “water” is referred to for convenience throughout the application it should be understood that any variety of liquids could be used with the present application. 
     The foregoing terms as well as other terms should be broadly interpreted throughout this application to include all known as well as all hereafter discovered versions, equivalents, variations and other forms of the abovementioned terms as well as other terms. The present disclosure is intended to be broadly interpreted and not limited. 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , the diagrammatic illustration of the system includes a water chilling assembly  30  or apparatus such as a water dispensing machine, an inlet line  32  which delivers water to the water chilling assembly  30 , a dispensing assembly  34 , a CO 2  assembly  36 , and a controller  38 . Water is introduced to the system through the inlet line  40  and it is controlled by an inlet valve  42 . The inlet valve is coupled over line  44  to controller  38 . A controllable valve  46  coupled to the controller over line  48  controllably adds water through the fill line  50  to the water chilling assembly, and a pump  52  coupled to the controller over line  54  helps to pump water though the system. 
     The water chilling assembly  30  includes a tank or water bath  60  which contains a volume of chilled heat transfer water or partially frozen ice bank. A temperature reducing assembly  62  is coupled to the controller over line  64 . The temperature reducing assembly or cooling system  62  can be in the form of a Peltier device, a compressor  70  and heat transfer system which can include a fan  72 . A recirculating pump  80  positioned in relation to the water bath  60  is coupled to the controller over line  82 . The pump could be positioned in the tank or positioned outside of the tank with a component such as a tube extending into the tank. The recirculating pump  80  provides a mixing action that helps circulate water within the tank to facilitate heat transfer. A recirculation line may also be run alongside line  104  and  112  as a heat exchange to maintain chilled water dispense temperature. 
     Heat transfer is accomplished using the coil  90  which is a coiled path of the inlet line  40  so as to increase the contact area between the outside of the coiled tubular path  90  and the water flowing therethrough to help provide a reduced temperature volume of water for dispensing from the system. A water level detector  96  and a temperature sensor  98  are coupled to the controller to detect the level of water and temperature of the water in the tank. If a lower level of water is detected the controller will operate the inlet valve  46  to allow water to refill the tank  60  until the appropriate level is detected by the level detector  96 . Additionally, since there is heat transfer occurring in the system a temperature sensor  98  is coupled to the controller  38 . When the temperature is detected outside of a desired range, the cooling system  62  will be activated by the controller  38 . When the temperature is within the predetermined range the controller  38  will deactivate the cooling system  62 . 
     A carbonator assembly  100  is provided in association with the cooling assembly  30  to receive chilled water from the chilling coil  90  and introduce carbon dioxide into the flow of water at a mixing portion  135  as described below. It should be noted that a “T”  102  is provided to allow a path of water through water line  104  to be dispensed without the addition of carbonation. In other words, a chilled water line without carbonation is provided in water line  104  for dispensing of still, chilled water. Additionally, an ambient water line  106  can be provided by adding a “T”  108  to the inlet line before the chilling coil  90 . Additionally, a check valve  110  is generally provided in each of the water lines chilled, still  104 , ambient  106 , and carbonated  112  to prevent backflow. The pump  52  provides positive pressurization of the line for the chilled water. 
     As shown on the far right side of  FIG. 1  the ambient water line  106  can lead to another check valve  110   a  which delivers water to a heated water assembly  201  including a heated water reservoir  200 . A heating element  202  is associated with the heated water reservoir  200  to heat the water retained in the reservoir. The heating element  202  is coupled to the controller  38 . A dispense valve  204  can be in the form of a manually operated dispense valve or a controllable valve similar to those shown in other portions of this disclosure which are coupled to the controller  38 . The heated water assembly  201  can be provided as a convenience to offer a complete water solution in combination with the chilled and ambient water portions of the system. 
     A filter system  120  can be provided in the inlet water path  40  so as to produce filtered water for dispensing. The filtered water will be dispensed through the ambient line  106 , the chilled, still line  104  as well as the carbonated line  112 . The use of a filtration device  120  can help facilitate enhanced carbonation by removing ingredients such as particles, some minerals, and some chemicals from the water which might otherwise result in carbonation evolving out of solution preventing or reducing uptake of carbonation in the water or allowing carbonation to evolve more quickly from the water. The filter  120  can be in the form of a replaceable cartridge connected to the line  140  or a cartridge housing in which replaceable cartridges can be inserted. This also allows for high quality, filtered, still water which does not include carbonation. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5A , the carbonator assembly  100  includes a mixing portion  135  communicating with the inlet  130  where chilled water is introduced to the assembly, a CO 2  line  138  communicates with the mixing portion  135  and introduces carbonation to the water entering through water inlet  130 . An outlet line  140  communicates with the mixing portion  135  and dispenses carbonated water there through. A looped length of the carbonator assembly tube  134  is provided to enclose a static mixing device  142 . The static mixing device  142  provides a more circuitous path after carbon dioxide is introduced into the water flow to enhance the uptake of carbon dioxide into the water. The static mixing device  142  as shown is in the form of a spiral baffle or auger with multiple twists. While all the twists can be of one direction, clockwise or counterclockwise, a preferred embodiment will combine sections of clockwise auger twists with sections of counterclockwise auger twists. The combination of sections of counter oriented twists helps to increase the interaction of the carbon dioxide and water molecules passing through the system. While a version of the static mixer  142  is shown extending through the entire looped path  138 , another embodiment of the invention uses only a portion of the looped path  138  containing a portion of the static mixer  142 . 
     Placing the carbonator assembly  100  in the water bath  60  helps to enhance the uptake characteristics of the water. Water exits the carbonator assembly at outlet  140  which includes a flow restrictor  144 . The flow restrictor  144  provides some degree of control and the back pressure of the flow from the assembly  100  to further enhance incorporation and dissolving of carbon dioxide into the water flow. 
     With regard to  FIG. 6 , a water injector  150  is shown positioned in the mixing portion  135 . The water injector is a tube which telescopes into a corresponding portion of the mixing portion  135  and the outlet line  140 . As shown in the enlarged view of  FIG. 5B , a space  152  is provided between the outside  154  of the water injector  150  and an inside  153  of the outlet line  140  and/or looped path  138 . The carbon dioxide inlet  134  introduces carbon dioxide into this space  152 . A carbon dioxide source such as a replaceable tank or other feed line  156  introduces carbon dioxide to the CO 2  inlet  134 . The water injector  150  includes openings shown as angled slots  160 . While two slots are shown in the current illustration additional slots could be used to produce additional flow characteristics. The slots are used as a way to produce an atomized flow of water entering into the CO 2  path. The combination of pressurized, atomized water and pressurized co-flowing carbon dioxide causes the carbon dioxide to be added to the water. Atomization of the water helps to break up the water flow providing more molecular surface contact between the water molecules and the carbon dioxide molecules to allow enhanced uptake of carbon dioxide into the water. After being combined in this CO 2  rich environment the combined flow continues through the static mixing section and mixing device  142  for a subsequent dispensing through the flow restrictor  144 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 5B , the slots  160  are approximately 0.010″ wide and extended into the tube to provide a passage through which water can flow out of the water injector  150  and into the gap  152  for mixing with carbon dioxide. While the slots are shown as angling upward, or upstream to the flow through which the water is introduced to the mixing portion  135 , relative to the orientation of the water injector  150 , the slots could be generally perpendicular to an axis of alignment or be angled downwardly. It is proposed that the slots are angled upwardly to create a slight upstream flow of water emitted from the slots  160  into the pressurized generally all surrounding and generally downward flow of carbon dioxide through the gap  152 . It is proposed that this counter flow enhances the interaction of the water with the carbon dioxide. Additionally, the slot  160  as shown may be preferable to apertures or circular holes because the slots tend to provide a fan sprayed atomized distribution of water into the carbonation flow. It is expected that this fanned flow of water helps to better disperse the water for combination with the carbon dioxide. While two slots  160  are shown additional slots could be used. It may be preferable to provide a balance to the orientation and distribution of water from the slots so as to help maintain a balanced water pressure for managing the combined water pressure and carbon dioxide pressure in the injector assembly  100 . 
     One of the complications of properly carbonated water is the different sizes of the water molecules and the carbon dioxide molecules. The carbonator assembly  100  acts to force these different sized molecules together to provide some engagement between the carbon dioxide and water molecules. The water molecules tend to not naturally disassociate and as such the atomized or sprayed flow of water from the water injector  150  tends to layer water molecules in amongst the carbon dioxide molecules. This thin spreading of water helps to disassociate the water molecules, even temporarily, to help provide increased saturation of carbon dioxide in the water. Providing the water in a chilled condition helps to reduce the molecular vibration and enhance the combination of carbon dioxide and water molecules. 
     As shown in  FIG. 5B , the gap  152  is formed between the differential of the outside diameter of the water injector and the inside diameter of the corresponding tube. A preferred embodiment of the injector assembly  100  includes a gap  152  of approximately 0.034″. The gap may be larger or smaller depending upon the other characteristics including the pressure of the water flow, the atomization of the water flow, the temperature of the water flow, the pressure of the carbon dioxide, and the types of materials associated with the assembly. These and other factors may influence the ability of the water to absorb carbon dioxide. 
     The pressure of the system can be controlled by the combination of pressure increasing (pumps), flow restricting, and flow controlling features. As an example, with reference to  FIG. 1 , the pump  52  boosts the water pressure to match or exceed the carbon dioxide pressure. In a preferred embodiment, the target pressure is approximately equal to or greater than 100 PSI. A general operating range in a preferred embodiment is approximately 100-120 psi. However, pressures greater than 120 psi or less than 100 psi may also be used. Generally, the pressure of the water depends on the pressure of the carbon dioxide so that appropriate pressurized engagement of the carbon dioxide and water is achieved. In other words, the pressure in the gap  152  (see  FIG. 5B ) is balanced so that the water flowing out of the slots  160  and the carbon dioxide flowing from the carbon dioxide line  134  is balanced utilizing flow restrictor  144  (see,  FIG. 2 ) so that there is flow, generally downstream, of both components. The flow restrictor  144  also helps to reduce the dispensed pressure and flow to provide a more even flow rate at the dispense point. This helps to provide a generally more uniform dispensing stream at a manageable flow rate to prevent excessive pressure from splashing within the user&#39;s cup or container or filling the cup too quickly. 
     A dispensing head or a dispensing location  170  is provided on the dispensing apparatus. The dispensing head  170  can provide an individual nozzle through which the three flow paths  104 ,  106 ,  112  flow or individual nozzles can be provided for each flow path. The use of the three flow paths and three nozzles as illustrated is only provided by way of convenience and clarity and not intended to be a limitation on the present disclosure. Additionally, while three control valves are illustrated ( 172 ,  174 ,  176 ) coupled to the controller  38  over lines  182 ,  184 ,  186 , a single control valve combining control of the multiple paths could be provided as well. One of ordinary skill in the art possessing the present disclosure would be able to accomplish alternatives of this invention without undue experimentation. The present disclosure provides all the necessary disclosure and inspiration and motivation for achieving further enhancements as a result of this disclosure. 
     The CO2 device or container  156  is removable and may include a sensor  190  that can detect the condition of the CO2 device. If the detector  190 , coupled to the controller over line  192  detects a low level condition of the CO2 it can alert the operator of the machine to refill and/or replace the container. A pressure regulator  111  can be used to set the CO2 pressure.
 
The CO 2  device or container  156  is removable and may include a sensor  190  that can detect the condition of the CO 2  device. If the detector  90 , coupled to the controller over line  192  detects a low level condition of the CO 2  it can alert the operator of the machine to refill and/or replace the container. A pressure regulator  110  can be used to set the CO 2  pressure.
 
     The various components described herein have also been consistently marked and noted on the corresponding schematic diagram. As shown, a control switch  180  can be provided in connection with the operation of the dispense valves  172 ,  174 . In the present embodiment of the schematic an ambient control valve has not been provided but could be without undue experimentation. Additionally, the control switches and solenoid valves are provided in a low volt configuration by means of the transformer  200 . 
     In use, the system as show in  FIG. 1  includes the carbonator assembly  100  as shown in  FIGS. 1, 2 , and the diagrammatic illustration of  FIG. 7 . In order to dispense water from the system water is introduced through water line  40  by operation of the inlet control valve  42  connected to the controller  38 . Water flows into the coil  90  where it is chilled by the contents of the tank  60 . If the water level in the tank drops the level sensor  96  coupled to the controller  38  detects the level and provides a signal to the controller  38 . The controller will open the refill valve  46  in response to a low level signal. Once the level returns within a desired range the level sensor  96  detects the desired level and the controller  38  deactivates the control valve to close the fill line  50  and prevent continued flow of water into the tank  60 . While a contact level sensor  96  is illustrated any number of other level sensors to be used including optical, acoustic, conductive, inductive or any other number of systems that will provide a similar function. Use of a controller as shown is intended to be an illustration of such a sensor and not a limitation on such a sensor. 
     The temperature of the cooling assembly  30  is detected by a temperature sensor  98 . A recirculating pump  80  moves water through the tank  60  to help enhance heat transfer between the coil  90  and the contents of the tank. A cooling system  62  is provided and operated over line  64  coupled to the controller  38 . 
     Water flows from the coil  90  to the carbonator assembly  100 . A separate line  104  is coupled to the coil  90  to provide chilled, still water. Water entering the carbonator assembly passes through a water injector  150 . Carbon dioxide is introduced into the carbonator assembly  100  and is combined with water being passed through the slots  160  of the injector  150 . The atomized or fractured water which is chilled is more conducive to taking up a significant portion of carbon dioxide to help create a carbonated water. The combination of carbon dioxide and water passes through the static mixing section  138  passing through the mixing portions to enhance the uptake of carbon dioxide in the water. Water flows from the carbonator assembly  100  through the flow restrictor  144  for dispensing. 
     Control valves  172  and  174  are coupled to the outlet end of the carbonated water and still water paths. These control valves are coupled to the controller for operative control by a user. As an additional option, an ambient still water path can be provided and dispensed at the same location. All water may also be additionally conditioned such as by use of a filter  120  which filters the water before it is chilled and/or carbonated. 
       FIGS. 8 and 9  show another embodiment of a carbonator assembly  100   a . Reference to the structures as described throughout the preceding portion of the disclosure are referred to with the same reference numerals with the addition of the suffix “a”. 
     As shown in  FIG. 9 , water is introduced through a line  90   a  which is coupled to the coil to help provide a reduced temperature volume of water for dispensing from the system. It should be noted that a “T”  102   a  is provided to allow a path of water through water line  104   a  to be dispensed without the addition of carbonation. In other words, a chilled water line without carbonation is provided in water line  104   a  for dispensing of still, chilled water. 
     A carbonator assembly  100   a  includes a mixing portion  135   a  communicating with the inlet line  130   a  where chilled water is introduced to the assembly  100   a , a CO 2  line  134   a  introduces carbonation to the water entering through water line  130   a . A static mixing device  142   a  provides a more circuitous path after carbon dioxide is introduced into the water flow to enhance the uptake of carbon dioxide into the water. The static mixing device  142   a  as shown is in the form of a spiral baffle or auger with multiple twists or intersections. This is generally the same type of mixing device as described in the preceding disclosure. An outlet path  140   a  is directed for dispensing and may include the flow restrictor  144  as shown in  FIG. 1 . This embodiment of the assembly provides a less complex configuration of the assembly which may be useful in some situations. 
     While the present disclosure describes various exemplary embodiments, the disclosure is not so limited. To the contrary, the disclosure is intended to cover various modifications, uses, adaptations, and equivalent arrangements based on the principles disclosed. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within at least the known or customary practice within the art to which it pertains. It is envisioned that those skilled in the art may devise various modifications and equivalent structures and functions without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as recited in the following claims. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.