Abstract:
A portable electric keyboard musical instrument is disclosed which includes a plurality of sound producing elements with each fixedly attached to the supporting structure, and a plurality of actions for selectively causing respective elements to vibrate. Each action is supported on the supporting structure and associated with one of the elements. Each action also includes a hammer assembly for selectively striking one of the reeds and an escapement assembly for initiating the striking action of the hammer associated therewith and to control its motion thereafter until reactivated. A plurality of keys are provided each associated with one of the actions for actuating its hammer assembly so as to strike its respective element. The action is a modified Viennese action characterized in one particular by the elimination of a pin axle and by the use of a resilient hinge.

Description:
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Ser. No. 095,558 filed Nov. 19, 1979 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,314,494, issued Feb. 9, 1982. 
    
    
     This invention relates generally to musical instruments and, more particularly, it is directed to an improved keyboard musical instrument of the struck-reed type. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     As far as it is known prior efforts to make keyboard musical instruments of the struck-reed type have resulted in struments having complicated actions or actions which do not give the feel of a tone keyboard instrument. 
     OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a keyboard musical instrument which is of relatively simple construction, and which may also be portable and lightweight. 
     More particularly, it is an object of the invention to provide a keyboard musical instrument of the struck-reed type. 
     Another object is to provide a keyboard musical instrument which provides an adaption of a Viennese action mechanism in conjunction with a plurality of reeds. 
     In accordance with one aspect of this invention, the keyboard musical instrument includes supporting means, a plurality of sound producing elements attached to the supporting means, and a plurality of actions for selectively causing the elements to vibrate, each being supported on the supporting means and each associated with a particular reed. 
     The present invention includes an action similar to the Viennese-type action. However, it differs from that action in several ways. The present action includes a key, a key balance mounting assembly, a guide block, an escapement and a hammer. The action is used in cooperation with a sound producing element which is supported on a supporting structure. The depression of the key raises the hammer towards the reed against the restraint of the escapement. Upon striking the element the hammer having moved out of the restraint of the escapement in essence bounces off the element and falls back by gravity to its rest position where it is once again controlled by the escapement until the key is again depressed. 
     By the use of a resilient, biased hinge between the hammer assembly and the key, the necessity of a check device is eliminated. Advantageously the hinge is made of a flexible, yet resilient material having sufficient memory to return to its original at rest condition. Polypropylene is such a material. The resiliency of the hinge prevents the falling hammer from bouncing upwardly after hitting the key and restriking the element to give an unwanted sound, this function being performed by a check device in Viennese-type actions. 
     Similar hinges are used between the hammer and the key and the escapement and the supporting base of the instrument. 
     A guide block having a restricted opening for the end of the key adjacent to the escapement is also provided and it serves not only to guide the key in its vertical movement, but also advantageously to prevent lateral movement. This feature coupled with the unique hinge arrangement insures that the action will not be damaged or forced out of proper adjustment when the instrument is folded for storage or transporting. 
     The present invention uses the modified Viennese action with struck elements and as presently understood this has not been done heretofore, even with a classic Viennese action. Further, resilient hinges are used instead of traditional pin axles and the key balance rail and pin is replaced by a cantilevered key balance and key alignment mounting. No escapement retaining spring is required due to the use of the resilient hinge and an escapement adjustment is provided on the hammer tail assembly. 
     As mentioned previously, no check device is required. 
     The above, and other, objects, features and advantages of the invention, will be apparent in the following detailed description of the illustrative embodiment typical of the invention which is to be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     In the illustrated embodiment the sound producing means are shown as a plurality of reeds with associated pickup means for generating an electric oscillation signal from the vibrating reed. It is to be understood that any desired sound producing means may be used with the action of the present invention, such as wires and the like. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one illustrated electric keyboard musical instrument according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the electric keyboard musical instrument of FIG. 1 taken along lines 2--2; 
     FIG. 2a is an enlarged fragmentary view of that portion of FIG. 2 showing the details of the interaction of the escapement guide block hammer assemblies; 
     FIG. 3 is a partial top plan view of several keys and associated mechanisms of the instrument of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 4 is a fragmentary top plan view of a key balance support of the instrument of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the key securing member of FIG. 4, taken along lines 5--5; 
     FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the instrument of FIG. 2, in a first action position; and 
     FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the instrument of FIG. 2, in a second action position. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring to the drawings in detail, and initially to FIG. 1, it will be seen that a keyboard musical instrument 10 according to the present invention is shown. The instrument 10 is advantageously formed from two basic units 12 and 14 which are foldable along a hinge line 16 so that the instruments will be easily transportable by hand. These and other features relating to the protection and portability of the instrument are more fully described in my related and copending application entitled &#34;Portable Securing Assembly for an Electric Musical Keyboard Instrument&#34;, which was originally filed as Ser. No. 95,437 on Nov. 19, 1979. 
     Referring to FIGS. 2, 2a and 3 in particular, the interrelation of the action, reed and pickup assembly may be readily understood. The action is comprised of a key 18 having a hed 20 and a tail 22, a key balance mounting assembly 24, a hammer assembly 26, a guide block 28, an escapement 30 and a damper 32. The reed 34 is mounted on a member 36 which is securely affixed to a supporting structure 38. The pickup assembly 40 is positioned adjacent to he reed 34 and mounted on a member 42 which is also affixed to the supporting structure 38. 
     The key 18 is connected to the key balance mounting assembly 24 by means of a flexible hinge 44 which preferably has good memory properties and will not become deformed under repeated use. One material which may be used is polypropylene. The hinge 44 is made with an enlarged section at each end and mounted in fitting grooves on the key 18 and the mounting assembly 24. The mounting assembly is affixed to the supporting structure 38 thus holding the hinge in place so that an accurate fixed fulcrum point is provided for the key. 
     As shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5, the key balance mounting assembly comprises a base 46 which is slidably adjustable in a slotted keyway 48 in the supporting structure 38. A post member 50 extends from the base 46 and from it a cantilever 52 projects forwardly. A groove 54 is provided in the cantilever into which is fitted the enlarged portion 56 of the hinge 44. The web of the hinge 44 is joined to a second enlarged portion 60 which is similarly fitted into a groove 62 in the key 18. This hinge replaces the key balance pin in conventional keyboard actions and acts as a fulcrum for the key. 
     In conventional systems the key is usually cushioned and pivoted upon a soft felt washer which encircles the balance pin and rests between the bottom of the key and the supporting base or rail. Vertical alignment of the keys, one to another, is accomplished in the conventional system by means of shims of various thicknesses. They are usually made of cardboard or paper and in the form of washers. 
     The key balance mounting assembly of the present invention performs the functions of the washers, shims and pin by different means and with added benefits and functions. The assembly securely anchors the key to the supporting structure to secure its alignment with the other keys after the instrument is folded and in portable use. With the balance pin felt construction, the soft felt achieves a set and if displaced by an instrument being folded or transported, the washer may not return to its initial position, thus throwing the keys out of alignment. Further, the free hanging keys would be free to ride up and down on the pin and may be damaged. 
     The hinge 44 is advantageously designed so that the free extent of the web between the grooves 54 and 62 is kep to a minimum. An extent of about 1/10 of an inch would normally be acceptable. The exact extent will depend upon the construction of the related members. 
     The cantilever 52 acts to cushion the force applied to the head 20 of the key, as a shock absorber. This is achieved by having the cantilever formed of a normally rigid yet resilient material. The cantilever 52 may be set for proper bias and key head height by means of adjustment screw 64. 
     The key 18 is comprised of the tail 22 and the head 20. The head may be formed from a molded piece having a dove tail at its end adjacent to the tail where it fits into a mating joint. Preferably the hinge groove 62 is in the tail 22 and adjacent the mating joint so as to provide a good fulcrum point. 
     The tail 22 extends from the fulcrum point to the guide block 28. A flange member 66 extends from the tail and is inserted into opening 68 in the guide block 28. The opening 68 is of limited lateral extent of only slightly greater width than the flange 66. This limited lateral width serves to cooperate with the hinge 44 and the key balance mounting assembly 24 to keep the key 18 in alignment. 
     Shock absorbing material 70 is placed in both the upper and lower portions of opening 68 so as to cushion the flange when the head of the key is struck and due to the pivot action of the hinge 44 the flange is rotated upwardly. The upward extent of the movement of the flange 66 is limited by the upper rail 72 of the guide block 28. 
     To return the tail 22 to an at rest position as shown in FIG. 2, weights 74 are inserted into the tail 22. Mounted on the tail 22 adjacent the flange 66 is a hammer hinge 76. This hinge is also preferably made of a resilient and flexible material such as polypropylene. The hinge 76 is fitted into a groove 78 in the tail and a second groove 80 in the hammer assembly and is the means by which the key and hammer assembly are connected together. 
     The hammer assembly 26 includes a hammer tail 82 in which the groove 80 is formed. Extending from the hammer tail 82 is the hammer shaft 84 and at the end of it is the hammer head 86. Also extending from the hammer tail 82 and away from the shaft 84 is an escapement adjustment block 88 under which is mounted a tooth 90. The tooth 90 may be of a stiff but resilient material and it is mounted on the hammer tail independently of the escapement adjustment block 88. 
     Adjacent the guide block 28 and secured to the supporting structure 38 is an escapement support block 92 which is advantageously adjustably fitted into a guideway 94 in the structure 38. An escapement hinge 96, similar to the hinge 44 and the hammer hinge 76, is mounted in a groove 98 in block 92 and in a groove 100 in the escapement post 102. Mounted on the post 102 is the escapement head 104. The head has an inclined face 106 which contacts and is urged against the escapement adjustment block 88 by the resiliency of the escapement hinge 96 when the key is in the at rest position of FIG. 2. 
     The escapement adjustment block 88 has attached to it an escapement damper 108 preferably in the form of a felt. The escapement damper 108 contacts the face 106 of the head 104. 
     The escapement adjustment block 88 may be moved as desired on the hammer tail so as to adjust the position of the escapement head with respect to the hammer tooth 90 which lies under it. 
     The tooth 90 normally engages the lip or underside of the escapement head. When the key head is depressed and the key tail rotated about hinge 44, the tooth being momentarily restrained by the bottom lip of the escapement head 104 causes the hammer to rotate about the hammer hinge 76. This results in the hammer head 86 striking the reed 34 as shown in FIG. 6 and the tooth in the same motion also pushes back the escapement head so that the biased pressure of the hammer hinge 76 controls the hammer, assuring its return to an at rest position against the key tail as shown in FIG. 7. 
     By varying the resistance of the tooth to the escapement head by means of the position of the escapement adjustment block 88, the velocity of the escaped force of the hammer against the reed is controlled. This in turn controls the amplitude of the sound. The sharpness of the striking of the reed by the hammer is enhanced by the design of the hammer shaft. The hammer shaft is preferably slender and rigid when at rest. It is also resilient and flexible under a load so that it has a whip-like action when the hammer is released from the escapement. 
     The escapement hinge 96 not only acts as a hinge or pivot but due to its resiliency it also biases the escapement head into engagement with the hammer. 
     The adjustment of the resistance of the tooth to the escapement head to control the amplitude of sound is called &#34;voicing&#34;. In the illustrated embodiment this is accomplished by use of the biasing effect of the hinges and the adjustment on the hammer tail by means of the escapement adjustment block in conjunction with adjustment of the position of the hammer head on the hammer shaft and the position of the pickup in relation to the end of the reed. 
     After the reed is struck by the hammer and as long as the key remains depressed the reed is free to vibrate until dampened, or until stilled by loss of inertia. Damping is accomplished by means of the damer 32 which includes a head 110, a support 112 and a cushion 114. The support is affixed to the key tail and in the at rest key position as shown in FIG. 2 the head 110 with its cushion 114, normally made of felt, rests on the reed 34 preventing it from vibrating. However, when the key head 20 is depressed, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the raising of the key tail 22 lifts the damper upwardly so that the head 110 and cushion 114 is free above the reed. 
     The reed 34 is affixed as a cantilever to the post 36. The post 36 is in turn supported on a substantial base plate 118 and the post is rigidly held in a fixed position on it. The base plate 118 is advantageously a separate member from the key balance mounting assembly 24 and the guide post 28. While the plate 118 is contained within supporting structure 38, the plate can support the post 36 independently of the structure. Because the reed and the pickup assembly are mounted on the substantial plate good acoustical and sound quality is obtained while still reducing the weight of the instrument since the plate is of limited extent. 
     Each reed has a free end 120 and extends from the post 36. By varying the length of a reed or its weight, each may be adapted to vibrate at a different frequency. Adjacent the free end of each reed is a pickup assembly 40. The pickup is disposed in a spaced relation to the ennd of the reed so as to generate an electrical frequency from the vibration of the reed. Preferably, a pickup is provided for each reed. As a result, when a reed is vibrated by being struck with the hammer as described prviously, the pickup assembly transduces the vibrations into an electrical frequency which is supplied to an amplifier system. 
     As noted earlier, in the illustrated embodiment the sound producing means are shown as a plurality of reeds with associated pickup means for generating an electric oscillation signal from the vibrating reed. It is to be understood that any desired sound producing means may be used with the action of the present invention, such as wires and the like. 
     The number of actions and associated reeds and pickup devices will be determined by the desires of each manufacturer. As a practical matter, sufficient devices should be combined to provide a range of four octaves.