Abstract:
An improved orienting disk is provided for better wood strand alignment in wood strand orienter machinery. The disk has a plurality of fin-like teeth projecting upwardly from the periphery of a generally circular plate. In a preferred embodiment each of the teeth has a straight leading edge facing the direction of rotation of the disk, and a curve trailing edge. Most preferably, the disk has six such teeth, each separated from another by  60 ° about the periphery of the disk.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to machinery used to produce composite wood products, and in particular relates to disks used in rotating disk-type wood strand orienter machinery.  
         BACKGROUND  
         [0002]    Composite wood products such as oriented strand board (“OSB”), particleboard and the like are produced from wood particles or strands. Such strands are generally elongated (longer than they are wide), and it is desirable to have these strands aligned longitudinally and lying flat on the mat when producing OSB. During the manufacturing process, strands of wood are typically formed into mats with the orientation of the wood strands controlled by strand-orienting machinery. Generally, the quality of a composite wood product depends in large part upon how well aligned the wood strands are in the wood strand mat produced by the orienter.  
           [0003]    Commonly used strand orienters employ rotating disks. One type of orienter known in the art is the “Stokes” type of orienter, which is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,115,431, which issued on Dec. 24, 1963 to Stokes et al. This orienter uses a plurality of intermeshed rotating disks mounted on a plurality of substantially parallel shafts oriented in a plane beneath a supply of wood strands. The wood strands are permitted to fall down upon the disks, which, while turning, tend to align the strands longitudinally. The aligned strands fall between the disks to form a mat of strands on a platform or conveyor beneath the disks. The mat is accordingly formed of particles aligned generally longitudinally, although the strands are not perfectly aligned.  
           [0004]    Another type of orienter known in the art, which also employs orienting disks, is the type known as the “Bürkner” orienter. The Bürkner orienter is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,380,284, which issued on 19 April, 1983. In the Bürkner orienter, disks on adjacent shafts are arranged in pairs in side-by-side relationship, defining passages for allowing strands of wood to pass through to form a mat.  
           [0005]    The disclosures of the aforementioned Stokes and Bürkner patents are incorporated herein by reference.  
           [0006]    Over many years, various types and shapes of orienting disks have been used in Stokes and Bürkner orienters to orient wood strands. One type of disk commonly used today is shown in FIG. 1 (the “prior art disk”). This prior art disk has a generally circular shape, with protuberances formed along its periphery. Shallow notches are also cut into the periphery, the notches having a rear edge extending inwardly towards the center of the disk, and a forward edge extending upwardly and forwardly from the bottom of the rear edge, as described in greater detail below.  
           [0007]    As discussed earlier, better quality wood composite products can be formed from wood strand mats having a high percentage of strands that are aligned longitudinally as well as lying flat on the mat, and the improved orienting disk of the present invention provides better strand alignment than the prior art disk.  
         SUMMARY OF INVENTION  
         [0008]    The present invention provides an improved orienting disk for use in a wood strand orienter. In one embodiment of the invention the orienting disk comprises a plate having a generally circular shape and an outer periphery. An aperture is formed through the center of the plate for allowing the plate to be fitted onto a shaft in the wood strand orienter for rotation in a first direction about a rotation axis. A plurality of fin-shaped teeth extend outwardly from the periphery of the plate.  
           [0009]    Each one of the teeth has a leading edge extending outwardly from the periphery of the plate to a tip of the tooth, the leading edge facing the first direction of rotation when the disk is fitted onto the shaft; and a trailing edge trailing rearwardly and downwardly from the tip of the tooth to the periphery of the plate.  
           [0010]    In another embodiment of the invention, the fin-shaped teeth number between two and eight and are evenly spaced about the periphery of the plate. In yet another embodiment, there are six fin-shaped teeth, and each one of the teeth is separated from another by 60° about the periphery of the plate.  
           [0011]    The leading and trailing edges can be straight or curved, but in a preferred embodiment, the leading edge is straight, and the trailing edge is curved.  
           [0012]    In another preferred embodiment, protuberances are formed about the periphery of the disk, between the fin-shaped teeth. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS  
       [0013]    In the accompanying drawings which illustrate specific embodiments of the invention, but which should not be construed as restricting the spirit or scope of the invention in any way:  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1 is side view of a prior art strand-orienting disk used in a typical rotating disk-type strand orienter.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 2 is side view of a strand-orienting disk made in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION  
       [0016]    Throughout the following description, specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, the invention may be practised without these particulars. In other instances, well known elements have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative, rather than a restrictive, sense.  
         [0017]    Referring first to FIG. 1, a common prior art orienting disk  10  used in both Stokes and Bürkner wood strand orienters is a plate  11  of generally circular shape, with a plurality of protuberances  12  formed along the circular periphery  14  thereof. “Periphery”, as that word is used throughout this description, refers not to the actual outer edge of plate  11 , but rather to that circular imaginary line (shown partially by dashed line  16  in FIG. 1) which bounds the generally circular outer edge of plate  11 . “Periphery” has a similar meaning when the invention is described below.  
         [0018]    In prior art disk  10 , a plurality of shallow notches  18  are cut into plate  11  from periphery  14 . Each of notches  18  has a short rear edge  20  extending inwardly towards the center of disk  10 , and a longer forward edge  22  extending upwardly and forwardly from the bottom of rear edge  20  to periphery  14 .  
         [0019]    Disk  10  has an aperture  24  formed through the center thereof for mounting disk  10  onto a shaft (not shown) in a wood strand orienter in a manner known in the art. Disk  10  is intended to be rotated in the direction indicated by arrow  26 .  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of the improved orienter disk of the present invention. In this embodiment, disk  30  is a plate  31  having a generally circular shape and an outer circular periphery  32 . Improved disk  30  also has an aperture  34  for mounting disk  30  onto a shaft in a wood strand orienter.  
         [0021]    Disk  30  has a plurality of fin-like teeth  36  which extend outwardly from the periphery  32  of plate  31 . Each one of teeth  36  has a leading edge  37  extending outwardly from periphery  32  of plate  31  to a tip  38  of tooth  36 . Leading edges  37  face the direction of rotation of disk  30 , as indicated by arrow  40 . Each tooth  36  also a trailing edge  39  trailing rearwardly and downwardly from tip  38  of tooth  36  to periphery  32  of plate  31 .  
         [0022]    It is not essential to the invention that any particular number of teeth  36  be employed by disk  30 . However, it has been determined that too great a number will not allow wood strands to be well aligned by disk  30 , and accordingly, the inventors believe that a disk  30  having between two and eight teeth will be most desired. In preferred embodiments, the teeth  36  are evenly spaced about periphery  32  of plate  31 , and in the most preferred embodiment (shown in FIG. 2), disk  30  has six teeth  36 , each of which is separated from an adjacent tooth by an angle, α, of 60° about said periphery of plate  31 .  
         [0023]    In one embodiment of the invention, leading edge  37  is straight and trailing edge  39  is curved, as shown in FIG. 2. Further, protuberances  42  may be formed about periphery  32  of plate  31 , between fin-shaped teeth  36 .  
         [0024]    The benefits of the improved orienting disk of the present invention are illustrated by the following experimental results:  
         [0025]    Tests were carried out on the Alberta Research Council (ARC) pilot plant Oriented Strand Board (OSB) forming line comparing the performance of the wood strand orienter using the improved orienting disks to the performance of the orienter with a standard commercial design of orienting disk (the prior art disk). Except for the orienting disks, there were no differences between the orienter set-ups for the comparative tests. The ARC pilot plant orienting system is typical of commercial OSB strand orienters except that the ARC pilot plant orienter has four shafts of rotating disks, whereas commercial orienters typically have about  12  shafts of rotating disks.  
         [0026]    Tests were carried out using a Stokes type of orienter arrangement and also using a Bürkner type of disk arrangement as well. It was found that results for the two types of orienter disk arrangements were similar. Only the results of the Stokes type of disk arrangement are reported here for simplicity.  
         [0027]    The following test variables were included in the study:  
                                       Disk type:   1) Prior art disk design used in commercial           orienters with small notches on the periphery of           the disk (FIG. 1 disk).           2) Improved disk design (FIG. 2 disk)       Disk spacing:   1) A common mill spacing of 2 inches (50           mm) between disks on adjacent orienter           shafts           2) A narrower spacing of 1.5 inches (38           mm) between disks on adjacent orienter           shafts       Disk speed:   1) Constant 30 RPM for all orienter shafts           2) Low acceleration between orienter shafts           (consecutive shaft speeds of 10, 20, 30 and           40 RPM)           3) High acceleration between orienter shafts           (consecutive shaft speeds of 15, 30, 45 and           60 RPM).       Strand flow rate:   1) Low flow rate (typical mill flow rate).           2) Medium flow rate (1.5 times typical mill           flow rate)           3) High flow rate (2 times typical mill flow           rate).                  
 
         [0028]    The following conditions were held constant for all tests.  
                                       Strands:   Screened mill-produced strands to represent typical face           quality strands used throughout the study. Strands were           not recycled.       Line speed:   Constant setting of 30 Hz.           Orienter height above mat: 2 inches (50 mm).       Replicates:   Three per test condition.                  
 
         [0029]    In the first test, the improved disk was compared to the prior art disk using both a normal and narrow disk spacing as defined above. The following parameters were measured, determined or calculated:  
         [0030]    1. The average and median orientation angles of the wood strands in the wood strand mat.  
         [0031]    2. The predicted “modulus of elasticity” (MOE) of the end product.  
         [0032]    3. The percentage of strands having an orientation angle of less than 20°.  
         [0033]    4. The “% error”- this is an indication of the smoothness of the mat, as discussed below.  
         [0034]    5. The “% overs”- the percentage of wood strands which “bridged” the disks, being carried over all of them to the end of the orienter without being aligned and without falling to the strand mat.  
         [0035]    Results of the first tests are summarized in Table 1:  
                                                                                           TABLE 1                           Orientation Study Results 1 .                        Average   Median                                   Orienta-   Orienta-   MOE,   % of               Disk   Disk       tion   tion   % of   Strands   %   %       Type   Spacing   Statistic   Angle, °   Angle, °   Max.   &lt;20°   Error   Overs                    Prior   Normal   Mean   33.1   25.0   32.6   32.3   26.0   3.39       art       St. Dev.   2.7   3.4   3.7   6.0   3.1   0.74       Prior   Narrow   Mean   27.7   18.5   39.9   43.3   9.7   8.23       art       St. Dev.   1.9   2.6   3.4   4.9   2.4   1.26       Im-   Normal   Mean   29.4   20.9   37.0   39.2   10.1   3.33       proved       St. Dev.   2.5   3.2   4.8   5.9   1.7   0.85       Im-   Narrow   Mean   28.8   20.2   37.9   40.1   9.6   7.41       proved       St. Dev.   2.1   2.8   3.1   4.8   2.2   1.04                          
 
         [0036]    As expected, the narrower disk spacing gave lower mean and median orientation angles, a higher predicted modulus of elasticity (MOE) and a higher incidence of strands with &lt;20° orientation angle. The trends for these measures of orientation were similar for the prior art and improved orienting disk configurations at the same orienter disk spacings.  
         [0037]    Where the improved orienting disk design differed from the prior art orientation disk design was in smoothness of the mat at the normal disk spacing. The improved orienting disks produced a much smoother strand mat than the prior art disks as evidenced by a much lower incidence of error readings from a laser strand orientation measurement system used to measure flatness of the resultant mat (10.1% vs 26.0% of instrument readings) as shown in Table 1. Strands that are not lying sufficiently flat in the furnish mat do not produce a regular ellipse with the laser orientation measurement system and cause an error reading in the system. The incidence of error readings with narrow disk spacing was similar for the improved (9.6%) and prior art orienting disks (9.7%).  
         [0038]    A smoother strand mat is advantageous for several reasons. Strands falling onto an uneven, partially formed strand mat will have a greater probability of becoming less well oriented. Thus the final strand mat produced from multiple layers of uneven strands will tend to have poorer overall orientation than one produced from multiple layers of even strands. An uneven strand mat will have lower bulk density, resulting in a thicker strand mat, which will require greater press daylight and require more time for the press to close to thickness. More strand breakage during press closing would be expected with an uneven strand mat with many strands sticking up out of the mat. Broken strands reduce product strength. It is postulated that the fin-like teeth on the improved orienting disks help to control the flow of strands down to the mat, resulting in a smoother strand mat.  
         [0039]    The difference in the % overs (strands bridging the orienter disks and carried over the orienter) between the improved disks (7.41%) and prior art disks (8.23%) with narrow disk spacing was significant at the 95% confidence level. It would appear that the improved disks help to reduce the amount of strands bridging the orienter disks.  
         [0040]    Table 2 contains results of statistical t-tests comparing the different variables in Table 1 to indicate which ones were statistically significant:  
                                                           TABLE 2                           Results of Statistical t-tests comparing test variables.            Orienter Configurations   Variable Mea-           Statistical       Compared   sured   Value 1   Value 2   Significance 1                      Prior art Disks/Normal Spacing   Average Angle, °   33.1   27.7   ***       vs   Median Angle, °   25.0   18.5   ***       Prior art Disks/Narrow Spacing   MOE, % of Max.   32.6   39.9   ***           % Strands &lt; 20°   32.3   43.3   ***           % Error   26.0   9.7   ***           % Overs   3.39   8.23   ***       Improved Disks/Normal Spacing   Average Angle, °   29.4   28.8   NS       vs   Median Angle, °   20.9   20.2   NS       Improved Disks/Narrow Spacing   MOE, % of Max.   37.0   37.9   NS           % Strands &lt; 20°   39.2   40.1   NS           % Error   10.1   9.6   NS           % Overs   3.33   7.41   ***       Prior art Disks/Normal Spacing   Average Angle, °   33.1   29.4   ***       vs   Median Angle, °   25.0   20.9   ***       Improved Disks/Normal Spacing   MOE, % of Max.   32.6   37.0   **           % Strands &lt; 20°   32.3   39.2   ***           % Error   26.0   10.1   ***           % Overs   3.39   3.33   NS       Prior art Disks/Normal Spacing   Average Angle, °   33.1   28.8   ***       vs   Median Angle, °   25.0   20.2   ***       Improved Disks/Narrow Spacing   MOE, % of Max.   32.6   37.9   ***           % Strands &lt; 20°   32.3   40.1   ***           % Error   26.0   9.6   ***           % Overs   3.39   7.41   ***       Prior art Disks/Narrow Spacing   Average Angle, °   27.7   28.8   *       vs   Median Angle, °   18.5   20.2   *       Improved Disks/Narrow Spacing   MOE, % of Max.   39.9   37.9   *           % Strands &lt; 20°   43.3   40.1   *           % Error   9.7   9.6   NS           % Overs   8.23   7.41   *                          
 
         [0041]    Table 3 indicates that strand flow rate had little effect on any of the parameters measured, with the possible exception of % error. With narrow disk spacing the improved disks, and possibly the prior art disks, appeared to show a trend toward a flatter mat (lower % error) as the strand flow rate increased.  
                                                                                           TABLE 3                           Effect of strand flow rate on performance of the different orienter types 1 .                    Strand   Average   Median   MOE,   % of               Disk   Disk   Flow   Orient.   Orient.   % of   Strands   %   %       Type   Spacing   Rate   Angle, °   Angle, °   Max.   &lt;20°   Error   Overs                    Prior   Normal   Low   32.8   24.5   32.8   33.4   25.4   3.22       art           3.1   3.6   3.7   6.6   3.4   0.50       Prior   ″   Medium   33.2   24.5   32.5   31.9   25.9   3.58       art           2.4   3.7   4.8   7.4   2.0   0.86       Prior   ″   High   33.4   25.8   32.4   31.7   26.7   3.38       art           2.9   3.1   2.8   4.1   3.7   0.85       Prior   Narrow   Low   27.5   19.1   38.8   42.8   11.4   8.33       art           2.0   3.0   4.0   5.6   1.4   1.27       Prior   ″   Medium   27.7   18.0   40.2   43.7   8.0   8.74       art           1.0   0.7   2.2   2.0   1.6   1.11       Prior   ″   High   27.9   18.2   40.7   43.5   9.6   7.62       art           2.4   3.3   3.9   6.5   2.8   1.26       Im-   Normal   Low   31.0   22.8   34.6   35.6   10.6   3.21       proved           2.5   3.5   3.6   6.0   2.1   0.99       Im-   ″   Medium   28.2   18.8   39.1   43.6   9.9   3.68       proved           1.6   1.6   5.7   2.9   1.7   0.85       Im-   ″   High   28.9   20.8   37.2   38.7   9.9   3.09       proved           2.4   3.2   4.2   5.5   1.3   0.67       Im-   Narrow   Low   28.6   19.6   38.5   41.3   11.1   6.50       proved           1.6   2.4   2.6   4.0   1.4   0.87       Im-   ″   Medium   29.5   21.7   36.6   37.7   8.6   7.59       proved           1.9   2.1   2.5   4.6   1.3   0.73       Im-   ″   High   28.3   19.2   38.7   41.2   8.9   8.13       proved           2.6   3.2   3.9   5.3   2.8   0.80                          
 
         [0042]    Table 4 indicates that disk speed had little effect on any of the parameters measured, with the possible exception of % overs, which is the percentage of strands bridging the orienter disks and carried across the top of the orienter without falling through the orienter. For both the prior art disks and improved disks with normal spacing, the % overs appeared to increase as the orienter disk speed was accelerated from one bank of disks to the next. With narrow disk spacing there was no apparent trend for the % overs to increase with increasing orienter disk acceleration for either the prior art disks or the improved disks.  
                                                                                           TABLE 4                           Effect of orienter disk speed on performance of the different orienter types 1 .                    Orienter   Average   Median   MOE,   % of               Disk   Disk   Disk   Orient.   Orient.   % of   Strands   %   %       Type   Spacing   Speed   Angle, °   Angle, °   Max.   &lt;20°   Error   Overs                    Prior   Normal   Constant   34.5   26.6   30.6   30.3   25.1   2.81       art           2.0   2.8   3.1   5.4   2.5   0.20       Prior   ″   Low   32.0   23.9   33.4   33.7   25.2   3.16       art       Accel.   2.7   3.2   4.1   6.6   3.7   0.28       Prior   ″   High   33.0   24.4   33.7   33.0   27.6   4.21       art       Accel.   2.9   3.8   3.4   6.1   2.5   0.69       Prior   Narrow   Constant   27.8   18.6   39.5   42.8   10.4   8.27       art           2.3   2.7   3.6   5.5   2.2   1.50       Prior   ″   Low   25.2   16.6   37.1   40.7   9.0   8.00       art       Accel.   2.2   3.5   4.0   6.3   2.6   1.39       Prior   ″   High   27.9   18.9   39.7   42.8   9.0   7.73       art       Accel.   1.1   1.3   2.8   2.3   2.3   0.68       Im-   Normal   Constant   29.6   20.8   38.3   40.0   10.5   2.54       proved           2.7   3.2   3.2   4.2   1.7   0.30       Im-   ″   Low   30.0   21.9   34.6   37.1   10.6   3.18       proved       Accel.   3.0   3.9   5.6   7.1   1.5   0.54       Im-   ″   High   28.7   20.1   38.0   40.1   9.4   4.26       proved       Accel.   1.7   2.8   4.9   6.3   1.8   0.54       Im-   Narrow   Constant   27.9   19.3   38.3   40.6   11.2   7.35       proved           2.0   2.6   2.9   5.7   1.4   0.36       Im-   ″   Low   27.2   19.5   34.1   36.4   7.9   6.67       proved       Accel.   2.4   3.4   4.1   5.8   2.2   1.23       Im-   ″   High   28.6   19.7   38.4   40.3   9.3   7.58       proved       Accel.   1.3   1.9   2.3   2.9   2.0   1.34                          
 
         [0043]    It will be clear to those skilled in the art from these experimental data that the improved disk improves strand formation in orienters.  
         [0044]    As will be apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the foregoing disclosure, many alterations and modifications are possible in the practice of this invention without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be construed in accordance with the substance defined by the following claims.