Abstract:
An image forming apparatus includes a plurality of image bearing members, a plurality of image forming portions for forming images on the plurality of images of image bearing members, a plurality of primary transfer portions for transferring the images on the plurality of image bearing members onto an intermediate transfer member, secondary transfer portions for transferring the image on the intermediate transfer member onto a transfer material, and a controller. The controller controls the primary transfer portion to operate until an image area on the image bearing member on which an image is being formed at the point when an image formation stop instruction is issued passes a transfer region in the primary transfer portion opposing the image bearing member.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a printer and a facsimile machine using an electrophotographic method. In particular, the present invention relates to an image forming apparatus of an intermediate transfer method with which a visible image formed on an image bearing member is first transferred to an intermediate transfer member, and then transferred to a transfer material to obtain image formation. 
     An image forming apparatus using an intermediate transfer member is an apparatus for obtaining a full color image formation (a copy or a print). This is attained by repeating a process of primarily transferring a toner image (that is, a visible image) formed on a photosensitive member (an image bearing member for toner images of a plurality of colors), and then secondarily transferring the primarily transferred toner images collectively to a recording material such as paper (a transfer material). 
     A known image forming apparatus of this type is the one employing an intermediate transfer belt. This image forming apparatus is provided with a plurality of image forming portions (stations) of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K) along the intermediate transfer belt. Each image forming portion has a photosensitive drum (a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member) as an image bearing member. 
     An image is formed by uniformly charging a surface of a photosensitive drum by a primary charger, forming an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum by exposing an image pattern using an exposure device, and developing the latent image by a developing device to visualize it as a toner image. 
     Toner images of four colors formed on a plurality of photosensitive drums in this way are primarily transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt while being superimposed over it in a primary transfer portion, in which the photosensitive drums and the intermediate transfer belt contact, by supplying transfer charge from primary transfer means contacting the intermediate transfer belt. Then, a secondary transfer portion is formed by contacting secondary transfer means, which was separated from the intermediate transfer belt, with the intermediate transfer belt, and transfer charge is supplied by the secondary transfer means. The toner images of four colors on the intermediate transfer belt are thereby secondarily transferred collectively onto a recording material such as paper supplied to a secondary transfer portion. 
     Successively, the recording material on which the toner images of four colors have been transferred is conveyed to a fixing device. A full-color image is formed on the recording material by mixing the toner images of four colors and simultaneously fixing them on the recording material while they are passing through the fixing device. 
     Toner remains on the intermediate transfer belt by the secondary transfer. A cleaning bias impressing roller, which was separated from the intermediate transfer belt during the image formation on the intermediate transfer belt, contacts the intermediate transfer belt, and is charged in a positive polarity opposite to a normal charging polarity of the toner. This secondary transfer residual toner is thereby transferred to the photosensitive drum in the primary transfer portion when it reaches the primary transfer portion by the movement of the intermediate transfer belt. Then, the secondary transfer residual toner is collected in the same manner as primary transfer residual toner by cleaning means of the photosensitive drum. 
     Incidentally, in recent years, in order to miniaturize an image forming apparatus and save energy consumed by the same, it has been attempted to devise an image forming apparatus without a cleaner for the photosensitive drum by employing a system of cleaning simultaneous with developing. However, the above mentioned conventional image forming apparatus has the following problems. 
     If there is no drum cleaner, it is likely that a primary charger will be stained because transfer residual toner or re-transfer toner after passing a primary transfer nip portion may become stuck to the primary charger via the photosensitive drum. In order to prevent such a stain, it is necessary to transfer the transfer residual toner or the like from the photosensitive drum onto the intermediate transfer belt in the primary transfer portion and collect it using cleaning means or the like of the intermediate transfer belt. 
     However, there is a case in which, when transfer charge is being supplied to the primary transfer means provided in each station, for example, an emergency stop operation for image formation may be taken only in the yellow station, the transfer charge continues to be supplied in the primary transfer portion in the magenta station, the cyan station, and even the primary transfer portion of the black station that follows the yellow station as subsequent image formation processes, as in the yellow station. This becomes a factor for reducing an operating life of the photosensitive drum. In addition, this re-transfers a toner image formed in the yellow station to a photosensitive member in the downstream side, which possibly becomes a factor for mixed colors. 
     FIG. 7 shows a relationship between a transfer residual rate and a re-transfer rate with respect to a transfer electric current value. Here, the transfer residual rate is a ratio of a transfer residual toner density on the photosensitive drum to a sum of a toner density on the intermediate transfer member and a transfer residual toner density on the photosensitive drum after a solid image formed on the photosensitive drum is primarily transferred onto the intermediate transfer member. In addition, the re-transfer rate is a ratio of a re-transfer toner density on the photosensitive drum of a next primary transfer portion to a sum of a toner density on the intermediate transfer member and a re-transfer toner density on the photosensitive drum of the next primary transfer portion after a solid image transferred to the intermediate transfer member in the primary transfer portion passes the next primary transfer portion. Both of these toner densities are measured by a densitometer (type number 404) manufactured by X-rite Incorporated. 
     In the case of an image forming apparatus that is not provided with a cleaner in a photosensitive drum, the amount of toner on the photosensitive drum after an image passes a primary transfer portion of each station must be as small as possible. However, there is an optimum primary transfer electric current value (e.g., 22 μA in FIG. 7) for minimizing a transfer residual rate, and transfer electric current must be made small in order to minimize a re-transfer rate. Thus, it is difficult to minimize both the transfer residual rate and the re-transfer rate at a single transfer electric current value. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an image forming apparatus that, in forming an image on a transfer material via a plurality of image bearing members and an intermediate transfer member, even if an emergency stop operation for image formation is taken due to a failure of transfer material conveyance, an image formation error or the like, prevents a stain of charging means of an image bearing member or that of secondary transfer means due to a toner image existing on the image bearing member, and further is capable of realizing the extension of an operating life of the image bearing member and the prevention of mixed colors between one image forming portion and the other image forming portion. 
     In order to attain the above-mentioned object, an image forming apparatus comprises: 
     a plurality of image bearing members; 
     a plurality of image forming means for forming an image on the plurality of image bearing members; 
     a plurality of primary transfer means for transferring the images on the plurality of image bearing means onto an intermediate transfer member; 
     secondary transfer means for transferring the image on the intermediate transfer member onto a transfer material; and 
     control means for controlling the primary transfer means to operate until an image area on the image bearing member on which an image is being formed at the point when an image formation stop instruction is issued passes at least a transfer region in the primary transfer means opposing to the image bearing member. 
     In addition, an image forming apparatus in accordance with another aspect of the present invention comprises: 
     a plurality of image bearing members; 
     a plurality of image forming means for forming images on the plurality of image bearing members; 
     a plurality of primary transfer means for transferring the images on the plurality of image bearing members onto an intermediate transfer member; 
     secondary transfer means for transferring the images on the intermediate transfer member onto a transfer material; and 
     control means for controlling the plurality of primary transfer means to operate until an image area on an image bearing member on which an image is being formed at the point when an image formation stop instruction is issued at least passes a transfer region in primary transfer means opposing to the image bearing member, and controlling the secondary transfer means not to operate or controlling the secondary transfer means so that an electric field opposite to that which was generated at the time of transfer operation is generated when the image area transferred onto the intermediate transfer member by the operation of the primary transfer means passes at least a transfer region in the secondary transfer means. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of an image forming apparatus of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 2A,  2 B,  2 C and  2 D are sequence illustrations showing a method in the embodiment of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing behaviors of toner in a secondary transfer portion in the embodiment of FIG. 1; 
     FIGS. 4A,  4 B,  4 C and  4 D are sequence illustrations showing a method in another embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing yet another embodiment of the image forming apparatus of the present invention; 
     FIGS. 6A,  6 B,  6 C and  6 D are sequence illustrations showing a method in the embodiment of FIG. 5; and 
     FIG. 7 is a graph showing a relationship between a transfer residual rate and a re-transfer rate with respect to a primary transfer current in a primary transfer portion. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiments in accordance with the present invention will be described further in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description of the embodiments, reference is made to drawing figures. Like reference numerals used throughout the several figures refer to like or corresponding parts. 
     First Embodiment 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of an image forming apparatus of the present invention. 
     An endless intermediate transfer belt  81  that runs in a direction indicated by an arrow X is provided in a main body of the image forming apparatus. This intermediate transfer belt  81  is formed of a film of dielectric resin such as polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide and ethylene tetrafluoride ethylene polymer. Although a polyimide seamless belt with a volume resistivity of 10 9  Ωcm (measured with impressed voltage of 500 V and impressing time of 60 seconds using a probe conforming to the method of JIS-K6911) and a thickness t=80 μm is employed in this embodiment, a belt of another material, volume resistivity and thickness may be employed. 
     Four image forming portions (stations) Pa, Pb, Pc and Pd are arranged in series above the intermediate transfer belt  81 . These image forming portions Pa, Pb, Pc and Pd are configured similarly except that they form toner images of magenta, cyan, yellow and black, respectively. 
     The configurations of the image forming portions will be described referring to the image forming portion Pa as an example. The image forming portion Pa is provided with a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member, that is, a photosensitive drum  1   a , rotatably arranged therein. Around the photosensitive drum  1   a , there are arranged process devices such as a primary charger (charging roller)  22   a , an exposure device  25   a  and a developing device  23   a . Concerning the other image forming portions Pb, Pc and Pd, the suffixes of the reference numerals given to the photosensitive drums and the other devices are replaced with b, c and d, respectively. Magenta toner, cyan toner, yellow toner and black toner are contained in the developing devices  23   a ,  23   b ,  23   c  and  23   d , respectively, which are arranged in the image forming portions Pa, Pb, Pc and Pd. 
     An image signal according to a magenta component color of an original is irradiated on the photosensitive drum  1   a  of the image forming portion Pa via a polygon mirror (not shown) or the like by the exposure device  25   a , and a latent image is formed on the photosensitive drum  1   a . The magenta toner is supplied from the developing device  23   a  to the latent image to develope the latent image into a magenta toner image. The magenta toner image reaches a primary transfer portion on which the photosensitive drum  1   a  and the intermediate transfer belt  81  abut against each other with the rotation of the photosensitive drum  1   a . Then, the toner image is transferred to the intermediate transfer belt  81  by a primary transfer bias impressed on a primary transfer member (transfer roller)  24   a  (a primary transfer). 
     No later than a time when the intermediate transfer belt  81  bearing the magenta toner image reaches the image forming portion Pb in this way, a cyan image is formed on the photosensitive drum  1   b  with a method similar to the above. The cyan image is transferred to the magenta toner image on the intermediate transfer belt  81  in a transfer portion. 
     Similarly, as the intermediate transfer belt  81  moves to the image forming portion Pc and Pd, a yellow toner image and a black toner image are sequentially superimposed on the magenta toner image and the cyan toner image and transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt  81  in the respective transfer portions of the image forming portions Pc and Pd. 
     During this process, a recording material P is picked up from a feeding cassette  60 , conveyed to the intermediate transfer belt  81  via a registration roller  31  and a guide  28 , and supplied to a secondary transfer portion in which a secondary transfer roller  29  abuts against the intermediate transfer belt  81 . Simultaneously, a secondary transfer bias is impressed on a secondary transfer opposite roller  40  as a secondary transfer member inside the intermediate transfer belt  81 , and toner images of four colors on the intermediate transfer belt  81  are collectively transferred onto the recording material P (a secondary transfer). 
     The recording material P onto which the toner images of four colors are transferred is separated from the intermediate transfer belt  81  at a separating portion  33  and conveyed to a fixing device  35 . The fixing device  35  mixes the colors of the toner and fixes the toner by heat and pressure. As a result, a full-color image is formed on the recording material P. 
     Transfer residual toner remaining on the photosensitive drum  1  initially adheres to the charger  22   a . However, the transfer residual toner is returned onto the photosensitive drum  1   a  between a sheet and another sheet, or at the time of pre-rotation or post-rotation of image formation. Then, the transfer residual toner is transferred to the intermediate transfer belt  81  and collected by a belt cleaner  37 . 
     Each of the above-mentioned operations of the image forming apparatus is controlled by a controller (control means  100 ). 
     A characteristic of the present invention is that a method has been devised for coping with the case in which image formation is stopped in an emergency, such as due to a conveyance failure of the recording material P, an image formation error or the like in the above-mentioned image forming apparatus. 
     Sequence illustrations showing a method of this embodiment are shown in FIGS. 2A,  2 B,  2 C and  2 D. FIGS. 2A to  2 D show a part of bias impression or the like relating to this embodiment with image forming operation of two sheets of A 4  size as an example. FIG. 2A shows normal image forming operation, and FIGS. 2B,  2 C and  2 D show operations when emergency stop is instructed during the normal image forming operation. 
     If an emergency stop signal for stopping image forming operation is generated due to a conveyance failure of a recording material, the chargers  22   a  to  22   d , the exposure devices  25   a  to  25   d  and the developing devices  23   a  to  23   d  of all the stations Pa to Pd are immediately stopped at that point (however, any one of those which have not yet been activated maintains a stop state without being activated). In this way, an amount of toner adhering to the photosensitive drums  1   a  to  1   d  can be minimized. 
     Photosensitive drums  1   a  to  1   d , the intermediate transfer belt  81 , the primary transfer rollers  24   a  to  24   d , and the secondary transfer roller  29  maintain the rotating state for a while. And, in order to transfer a toner image being formed on a photosensitive drum, when an emergency stop signal for stopping the above-mentioned image forming operation is generated, to the intermediate transfer belt  81  at the primary transfer portion, transfer charge is impressed on a primary transfer roller and supplied to the photosensitive drum (FIGS. 2B,  2 C and  2 D). In addition, at the time when the emergency stop signal is generated, if transfer charge is being impressed on the secondary transfer opposite roller  40 , the impression of transfer charge is immediately stopped (FIG.  2 D). 
     Here, the primary transfer roller on which transfer charge is impressed is only that in a station in which a toner image exists on the photosensitive drum. It is sufficient that the supplied transfer charge is enough for transferring the toner image formed on the photosensitive drum onto the intermediate transfer belt  81 , and transfer charge need not be supplied to a region other than the toner image. 
     The surface of the photosensitive drum tends to be abraded when transfer charge is supplied, which may affect the durability of the photosensitive drum or generate an electric memory on the photosensitive drum. Therefore, it is desirable to minimize the required supply of transfer charge to the photosensitive drums  1   a  to  1   d.    
     The toner image transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt  81  thereafter moves to the secondary transfer portion. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to separate the secondary transfer roller  29  from the intermediate transfer belt  81  because a system is employed in which the four photosensitive drums  1   a  to  1   d  are arranged in tandem and a toner image is transferred to a recording material via the intermediate transfer belt  81 . A separating mechanism is not provided also because shock unevenness is generated in an image due to separation, and a detaching and attaching mechanism is required in the separating mechanism, which may cause degradation or the like. 
     Therefore, it is particularly effective not to supply transfer charge to the secondary transfer portion of such an image forming apparatus as described above in preventing a toner image generated at the time of emergency stop from adhering to the secondary transfer roller  29 . 
     Although supply of charge is stopped in the secondary transfer portion in this embodiment, bias having the same polarity as toner&#39;s polarity may be impressed on the secondary transfer roller  29 , or bias having the reversed polarity of toner&#39;s polarity may be impressed on the secondary transfer opposite roller  40  in order to realize the same effect. 
     In this embodiment, a toner image transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt  81  hardly adheres to the secondary transfer roller  29  as shown in FIG. 3, and most part of the toner passes through the secondary transfer portion to reach a belt cleaner  37  of the intermediate transfer belt  81 , where the toner is removed. The intermediate transfer belt  81  stops its rotation when the trailing end of the toner image has passed the part of the belt cleaner  37 . In FIG. 3, reference numeral  29   a  denotes a spring that presses a core metal of the secondary transfer roller  29  and causes the secondary transfer roller  29  to abut against the intermediate transfer belt  81 . 
     Further, causes other than the above-mentioned conveyance failure of a recording material may be a condition for taking the emergency stop operation. Outlines of such causes will be described below. 
     Short-circuit of a circuit board or wiring 
     Disconnection of an intra-machine heater such as a fixing heater, a drum heater and a cassette heater 
     Detection of an abnormality by a toner density sensor of a station (in this embodiment, when a ratio of toner and carrier is detected in each of the developing devices  23   a  to  23   d  and this ratio exceeds a certain range) 
     Detection of an error by an electrostatic voltmeter of a certain station (when an electrical potential on the photosensitive drum  1  is monitored and the electrical potential significantly deviates from a predetermined electrical potential) 
     Detection of an error in a driving system (load or the like) 
     Since this embodiment is configured as described above, a toner image on the photosensitive drum can be efficiently transferred to the intermediate transfer belt, and can be conveyed and processed without being re-transferred to the photosensitive drum when image forming operation is stopped for emergency due to a conveyance failure of a recording material, an image formation error or the like. In addition, a toner stain of the secondary transfer roller can be prevented and toner can be efficiently collected by the cleaner of the intermediate transfer belt. Moreover, an amount of transfer charge supplied to the photosensitive drum can be minimized. As a result, an operating life of the photosensitive drum can be extended and running costs can be reduced. 
     Second Embodiment 
     This embodiment is applied to the image forming apparatus of FIG.  1 . FIGS. 4A,  4 B,  4 C and  4 D show sequences of a part of bias impression or the like relating to this embodiment. 
     The sequences of FIGS. 4A to  4 D are different from the sequences of FIGS. 2A to  2 D of the first embodiment in that rotation of the intermediate transfer stops in the minimum possible time after the emergency stop signal is turned ON. 
     This embodiment is characterized in that the chargers  22   a  to  22   d , the exposure devices  25   a  to  25   d  and the developing devices  23   a  to  23   d  of all the stations Pa to Pd are stopped immediately after receiving an emergency stop signal for stopping image forming operation due to a conveyance failure of a recording material, an image formation error or the like, in which case all the operations are stopped upon a trailing end of a toner image formed on the photosensitive drum passing the primary transfer portion. 
     However, charge is supplied at the primary transfer portion until the trailing end of the toner image passes the primary transfer portion. This is for making it possible to stop the rotational operation as soon as possible to advance to a jam clearance operation or an image formation error releasing operation. When the jam clearance or the image formation error is released, the image forming operation is changed from the emergency stop to a returning operation. At this point, since charge is not supplied at the secondary transfer portion, a toner stain of the secondary transfer roller  29  is restrained to a minimum. 
     It is needless to say that, in this embodiment, bias having the same polarity as toner&#39;s polarity may be impressed on the secondary transfer roller  29 , or bias having the reversed polarity of toner&#39;s polarity may be impressed on the secondary transfer opposite roller  40  at this point as in the first embodiment. 
     According to this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, a toner image on the photosensitive drum can be efficiently transferred to the intermediate transfer belt, and can be conveyed and processed without being re-transferred to the photosensitive drum when image forming operation is stopped for emergency due to a conveyance failure of a recording material, an image formation error or the like. Therefore, a toner stain of the secondary transfer roller can be prevented and toner can be efficiently collected by the cleaner of the intermediate transfer belt. Moreover, an amount of transfer charge supplied to the photosensitive drum can be minimized. As a result, an operating life of the photosensitive drum can be extended and running costs can be reduced. 
     Third Embodiment 
     FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view showing another embodiment of an image forming apparatus of the present invention. 
     In this embodiment, a cover  52  is installed along the outer surface of the intermediate transfer belt  81  at a predetermined position of the intermediate transfer belt  81 , more specifically, at a position, which is marked with diagonal lines in FIG. 5, between the downstream of the first transfer portion and the upstream of the secondary transfer portion of the image forming portion Pd of the final color in the image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of the first embodiment. 
     The other mechanical configuration of the image forming apparatus of this embodiment is basically the same as the image forming apparatus of FIG.  1 . In FIG. 5, those components which are identical to the components of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 have been given the same numerical designation as is used in FIG.  1 . 
     FIGS. 6A,  6 B,  6 C and  6 D show sequences of a part of bias impression or the like relating to this embodiment. In the sequences of FIGS. 6A to  6 D, rotation of the intermediate transfer belt stops in the minimum possible time after the emergency stop signal is turned ON as in the sequences of FIGS. 4A to  4 D of the second embodiment. However, the sequences of the third embodiment take longer than those of the second embodiment until the rotation of the intermediate transfer belt stops. This is because a toner image is conveyed to the above-mentioned predetermined position. 
     In this embodiment, the chargers  22   a  to  22   d , the exposure devices  25   a  to  25   d  and the developing devices  23   a  to  23   d  of all the stations Pa to Pd are stopped immediately after receiving an emergency stop signal for stopping image forming operation due to a conveyance failure of a recording material, an image formation error or the like. At this moment, all the operations are stopped upon a trailing end of a toner image formed on the photosensitive drum passing the primary transfer portion and the toner image entering the predetermined position (the hatched part of FIG.  5 ). 
     However, at the primary transfer portion, charge is supplied only to a station in which a toner image is formed on a photosensitive drum at the time of emergency stop. This is for making it possible to stop the rotational operation as soon as possible to advance to a jam clearance operation and an image formation error releasing operation, and for preventing the toner image from contacting the outside environment when the intermediate transfer belt unit or the like is removed from the image forming apparatus. The cover  52  prevents the toner image from being exposed to the outside environment by temporarily stopping the toner image on the intermediate transfer belt  81 , which was generated at the time of the emergency stop, in the hatched part of FIG.  5 . 
     When the jam clearance or the image formation error is released, the image forming operation is changed from the emergency stop to a returning operation, and the rotation of the intermediate transfer belt  81  is started. At this point, when the temporarily stopped image moves to the secondary transfer portion, charge is not supplied at the secondary transfer portion. As a result, a toner stain of the secondary transfer roller  29  is restrained to a minimum. 
     It is needless to say that, in this embodiment, bias having the same polarity as toner&#39;s polarity may be impressed on the secondary transfer roller  29 , or bias having the reversed polarity of toner&#39;s polarity may be impressed on the secondary transfer opposite roller  40  at this point as in the first and the second embodiments. 
     A timing for stopping the toner image generated at the time of the emergency stop is fixed in the above-mentioned first through third embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the timing for stopping the toner image may be changed according to a condition. For example, the condition is such as the case in which the image forming apparatus has at least two or more modes such as a printer mode, a copy code and the like. 
     In the printer mode, assuming that a user is not near the image forming apparatus, if the image forming apparatus performs the emergency stop operation, the toner image generated at the time of the emergency stop is stopped after the trailing end of the toner image passes the intermediate transfer belt cleaner as in the first embodiment. In this way, if the surface of the intermediate transfer belt is cleaned to wait for a user to perform the jam clearance and the image formation error release operation, problems such as a stain, sticking or the like by leaving the toner image on the intermediate transfer belt for a long time can be prevented. In addition, in the copy mode, assuming that the image forming apparatus is in the state in which a user can immediately perform the jam clearance or the image formation error release operation, the rotational operation is stopped as soon as possible as in the second and the third embodiments. 
     In addition, the timing for stopping the toner image may be changed according to a location where a recording material is jammed. For example, in the case of a separation failure at the secondary transfer portion, or in the case that a recording material jam in the fixing device or the like occurs, it is desirable to stop the toner image as soon as possible (the second and the third embodiments). On the other hand, if a paper feeding failure such as a pickup failure of a recording material from a cassette occurs, it is also effective to clean the surface of the intermediate transfer belt (the first embodiment) to wait for a user&#39;s processing. 
     In addition, the timing for stopping the toner image may be changed according to a formed image size or the like. The toner image can be stopped at an optimal position according to a condition. This can be attained by stopping the toner image after cleaning all the toner on the intermediate transfer belt (the first embodiment) if the formed image size is so large that the image cannot be included in the hatched part of FIG. 5, or temporarily stopping the toner image in the hatched part (the third embodiment) if the image can be included in the hatched part. 
     As described above, a toner image generated at the time of emergency stop can be stopped in an optimal state under each condition by changing the timing for stopping the toner image according to a condition.