Abstract:
A decoration for a shoe element and a method of decorating a shoe element includes the steps of cutting a substrate to correspond to the shape of the shoe element and applying decorative elements to the substrate. Openings are cut in a protective cover to align with areas where the decorative elements are applied to the substrate. The protective cover and the substrate are aligned, including aligning the openings in the protective cover with the decorative elements on the substrate. In the process, the substrate is coupled to the protective cover to form a one piece, and the one piece is coupled to the shoe element. The decoration, once installed on the shoe, includes the substrate under the protective cover with raised decorative elements appearing through the openings.

Description:
[0001]    This application claims priority in PCT application number PCT/US2016/013728, filed 15 Jan. 2016, which claims the benefit of the filing date of provisional application No. 62/104,050, filed 15 Jan. 2015. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to shoes, more specifically, to a method of manufacturing decorative shoe elements and show elements comprising same. 
         [0003]    Women&#39;s shoes come in a variety of colors, styles and designs. Both top and bottom portions of the shoes can vary widely in both style and design. For example, top portions of the shoes can have open or closed toes, open or closed heel; can include straps, buttons, zippers; and can be made of a variety of different materials. Similarly, bottom portions of the shoes can vary to include flat soles, platforms, heels of different widths and heights, wedges and any other shape or form that is stable enough to walk on, a pair of shoes is a vital part of a woman&#39;s wardrobe, and can often be central to her outfit. Accordingly, there is always demand for interesting, unusual and attractive shoe designs. This is especially true for shoes with wedge bottoms which are not typically decorated by shoe designers. 
         [0004]    In addition, scarcity of new available shoe designs has increased the production costs, which the manufacturers are passing on to consumers. As a result, the price for a pair of evening shoes, which already can make a dent in an average&#39;s woman&#39;s budget, continues to rise. Accordingly, there is a need for a novel shoe design, which would offer flexibility in creating a wide variety of models without substantially increasing production costs. 
         [0005]    Furthermore, a multitude of already existing styles of women&#39;s shoes can make it very difficult for shoe designers to create new ideas that would attract customers, and a fierce industry competition requires that the designs and decorations be changed often. As a result, shoe designers often attach little importance to the durability of their creations, and an expensive pair of shoes can end up having a very short life-span. As a result, women are often forced to buy a new pair of shoes simply because the decorations on the existing pair have started to wear out or fall off. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    A method of decorating a shoe element includes the steps of applying decorative elements to a substrate. The substrate is cut to correspond to the shape of the shoe element, and openings are cut in a protective cover to expose the substrate. The protective cover and the substrate are aligned. Included with aligning the protective cover and the substrate is also aligning the openings in the protective cover with the decorative elements. The substrate is coupled to the protective cover to form a one piece, and the one piece is coupled to the shoe element. Preferably, the decorative elements are raised elements on the substrate. 
         [0007]    Clarifying the steps further, glitter ink may be applied to areas of the substrate adjacent to the decorative elements. The decorative elements may be applied to the substrate using a heat transfer process, including a clamshell heat transfer process. The decorative elements may also be applied to the substrate using a drop-off process. Cutting the substrate to correspond to the shoe element can be accomplished using die cutting. The protective cover may be a coated aluminum sheet or similar material, in which case the protective cover is preferably cut using laser cutting. 
         [0008]    The method may also include affixing the substrate to the protective cover using an adhesive. Adhesive may also be used to apply the one piece to the shoe element. In one embodiment the openings in the protective cover are aligned with glitter ink on the substrate adjacent the decorative elements. Preferably, the decorative elements can be a variety of materials, including crystals, rhinestones, gems, nail heads, grommets, metal findings, metal eyelets, and plastic findings. Likewise, the substrate can be a variety of materials, including fabric, leather, plastic, wood and metal. 
         [0009]    The method results in a novel decoration for a shoe element. The decoration includes a substantially flat substrate shaped to conform to the shoe element, with the substrate containing decorative elements. The substrate also includes a border around the decorative elements, and a protective cover is adhered to the substrate to form a one piece, the protective cover including openings and shaped to conform to the shoe element. The openings are aligned with the border and are adjacent each of the decorative elements, which aligns the openings with the decorative elements. 
         [0010]    In one preferred embodiment, the border is made of glitter ink or includes glitter ink. The protective cover may be made of a coated aluminum sheet. The protective cover may also be adhered to the substrate using an adhesive. A variety of decorative elements may be used. Examples of decorative element materials include crystals, rhinestones, gems, nail heads, grommets, metal findings, metal eyelets and plastic findings among others. Also, a variety of substrate materials may be used, including fabric, leather, plastic, wood, and metal among others. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0011]    The accompanying drawings, together with the specification, illustrate example embodiments of the present invention. These drawings, together with the description, serve to better explain aspects and principles of the present invention. 
           [0012]      FIG. 1  is a schematic view of a substrate according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  is a schematic view of the substrate of  FIG. 1  including a decorative painting according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0014]      FIGS. 2A and 2B  are each a schematic view of the substrate of  FIG. 1  including a decorative painting according to further embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is an exploded view of a portion of the decorated substrate of  FIG. 2 , according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0016]      FIG. 4  is a schematic view of a heat transfer paper with pre-arranged ornaments, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0017]      FIGS. 5A and 5B  are each a schematic view of a protective cover according to further embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 6  is a schematic view of a completed decorative cuff of one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 7  is an exploded view of a portion of the decorative cuff of  FIG. 6 . 
           [0020]      FIG. 8  is a schematic illustration of a heat transfer press, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0021]      FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional schematic view of the decorative cuff of  FIG. 6 . 
           [0022]      FIG. 10  is a schematic view of a bottom surface of the substrate including padding, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 11  is a schematic perspective view illustrating a portion of a slip roller with the decorative cuff inside the slip roller, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
           [0024]      FIG. 12  is a side view of a decorative cuff according to one or more embodiments of the present invention attached to a shoe. 
           [0025]      FIG. 13  is a flowchart of a process of manufacturing the decorative cuff, according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
       [0026]    Aspects of embodiments of the present invention are directed toward a method of decorating shoe elements, which provides for a novel and attractive shoe design, affords flexibility in creating a wide variety of models, and significantly improves the durability of the decorated portions of the shoes. 
         [0027]      FIGS. 1-13  illustrate one or more aspects of a method of manufacturing a decorative cuff  100  that can be applied to an element of a shoe including, but not limited to, a wedged bottom of a shoe. 
         [0028]    As shown in  FIG. 13 , the method of manufacturing a decorative cuff  200  may include steps including obtaining a substrate  201 , applying a decorative painting to the substrate  202 , applying ornaments to the substrate  203 , cutting the embellished substrate  204 , cutting a protective cover to be aligned with the embellished substrate  205 , applying a protective cover to the substrate  206 , applying padding to the back surface of the substrate  207 , bending and/or forming the resulting decorative cuff  208 , and applying the resulting decorative cuff to a shoe element  209 . 
         [0029]    The substrate  101  illustrated in  FIG. 1  may include, but is not limited to, fabric, leather, synthetic materials, foil, etc. In some embodiments, the substrate  101  may be made of a canvas material, for example, cotton or linen canvas. Canvas is a sturdy, plain-woven fabric that can quickly absorb dye products and/or adhesives and will not be easily ripped from stretching, painting, or from applying ornaments to it. In some embodiments, the substrate  101  may include an un-dyed canvas, for example, of a light beige or brownish color. Alternatively, the substrate  101  can be dyed. In some embodiments, the dyed substrate may have the same or substantially the same color as the overlaying protective cover  102 . When the color of the substrate  101  corresponds to the color of the protective cover  102 , the substrate  101  can be overlaid with the protective cover  102 , such that if the substrate  101  shows from under the protective cover  102 , the substrate  101  is not visible (or substantially not visible), since the color of the substrate  101  is in harmony with the color of the protective cover  102 . Alternatively, the color of the substrate  101  may be different from and/or contrasting with the color of the overlaying protective cover  102 . The various color combinations of the substrate and the protective cover create a multitude of possible patterns of distinctive shapes, motifs, and designs. 
         [0030]    However, the substrate  101  is not limited to a canvas material and may include any suitable material that is sturdy and can easily absorb adhesives. Alternatively, the substrate  101  can be a non-absorbing material that has been artificially made capable of absorbing dyes and/or adhesives through one or more suitable processes. For example, a non-absorbing material such as foil may be subjected to an appropriate surface treatment that will enable the foil material to absorb adhesive compounds. In some embodiments, the substrate  101  can be made of leather or a material similar to leather (e.g., faux leather) and having any desirable pattern including, but not limited to, a snake skin pattern. Furthermore, the substrate  101  may be etched, stitched, and/or embroidered. 
         [0031]    The method of manufacturing the decorative cuff  100  can further include applying a decorative painting  103  to the substrate  101  (step  202  in  FIG. 13 ). The decorative painting  103  illustrated in  FIG. 2  may be applied to the entire surface of the substrate, or may be applied only to portions of the substrate, to create a desired pattern. Non-limiting examples of the pattern may include a zebra pattern, a clover-shaped pattern, and a fleur-de-lis-shaped pattern illustrated in  FIGS. 2, 2A, and 2B , respectively. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto and the decorative painting  103  may be made in any shape or design including, without limitation, circular, rectangular, triangular, lined, or star-shaped patterns. Alternatively, the decorative painting  103  may include one or more images, for example, a dragon, a city skyline, stars and stripes, etc. In some embodiments, the decorative painting  103  may include a trademark. 
         [0032]    The decorative painting  103  may be made using glitter paint, which may further enhance the visual appeal of the decorative cuff  100 . Glitter paint can be of any color, which can be the same as or different from the color of the substrate  101  and/or the protective cover  102 . In some embodiments, glitter paint can be omitted. 
         [0033]    The term “glitter paint” is not limited to paint and may include any suitable type of adhesive glitter-containing material. 
         [0034]    When the decorative painting  103  is made using glitter paint, the glitter paint can be applied using one or more suitable methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. For example, glitter paint may be applied manually or using any suitable mechanized process. When a mechanized process is used, the desired design for the decorative painting  103  can be first created in a CAD Drawing from a designated software program, for example, Adobe Illustrator, and the parameters can be then input into a machine applying the decorative painting to the substrate. In some embodiments, glitter paint can be applied to the substrate  101  by a so-called “drop-off” process, during which glitter paint is applied to a substrate in a predetermined pattern and is omitted in places where other elements may be attached to the substrate later, thus leaving portions of the substrate not covered by the glitter paint. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any suitable method of application of glitter paint may be used. The pattern of glitter paint may correspond in shape to the decorative painting  103 . 
         [0035]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , the decorative painting  103  may further include apertures  103   a,  where the decorative paint is not applied to the substrate. The apertures  103   a  may correspond to the position of ornaments, as described in more detail below. 
         [0036]    In some embodiments, ornaments  104  may be further applied to the substrate  101  (step  203  in  FIG. 13 ). Non-limiting examples of the ornaments  104  may include rhinestones, crystals (e.g., “Swarovski” crystals), gems, nail heads, grommets, metal finding, metal eyelets, and plastic findings. However, the ornaments  104  are not limited thereto and may include any suitable three-dimensional object that can be used as a decorative element. The ornaments  104  can be of any suitable shape and color. In some embodiments, the color of the ornaments  104  can be the same as or different from the color of the substrate  101 , the decorative painting.  103 , and/or the protective cover  102 . In some embodiments, the ornaments  104  may include crystals, for example, “Swarovski” crystals. When the ornaments  104  include crystals, average diameter of the crystals may be of about 3 mm to about 20 mm. However, the diameter of the crystals used for the ornaments  104  is not limited thereto. 
         [0037]    As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the ornaments  104  may be positioned inside the decorative painting  103 . In other words, each of the ornaments  104  may be substantially enclosed by the portions of the decorative painting  103 . For example, the ornaments  104  may be positioned inside the apertures  103   a  of the decorative painting  103 . However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and the ornaments  104  may alternatively be positioned outside the decorative painting  103 . 
         [0038]    The ornaments  104  may be applied directly to the substrate  101  and may be coupled to the substrate  101 . Any suitable method of application of the ornaments  104  to the substrate  101  may be used. For example, the ornaments  104  may be coupled to the substrate  101  using a heat transfer process, via an adhesive, or the ornaments may be sewn onto the substrate or set or pressed into the substrate using equipment such as grommets, eyelets, or studs. The ornaments  104  can be applied manually or using any suitable equipment or machinery. 
         [0039]    In some embodiments, the ornaments  104  can be applied to the substrate  101  using a heat transfer process. For example, the ornaments  104  may be positioned (or set) on a sheet of heat transfer paper, and may be applied to the substrate using, for example, a heat transfer press. Here, any suitable commercially available heat transfer paper may be used. The term “heat transfer paper” may include any suitable material that enables the transfer of an appliqué to a substrate using heat. For example, the heat transfer paper may include a heat activated adhesive made from natural rubber, synthetic or hybrid blends, based on styrene acrylic, polyurethane, vinyl acetate and/or natural emulsions. As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the ornaments  104  may be arranged on the heat transfer paper to correspond to a pre-set pattern or design. Similar to the decorative painting  103 , the positioning of the ornaments  104  on the heat transfer paper can be performed by a mechanized process, and the parameters for positioning the ornaments can be first created in a CAD Drawing from a designated software program and then input into an applicable machine. Alternatively, commercially available heat transfers with pre-set ornaments can be used. In some embodiments, the ornaments  104  may be arranged so as to be aligned with the positions of the apertures  103  a in the decorative painting  103 . However, the arrangement of the ornaments  104  is not limited thereto, and may include any desired shape, design, or pattern. The size of the heat transfer paper is not particularly limited. 
         [0040]    After the ornaments  104  have been arranged on a heat transfer paper, the ornaments may be transferred to the substrate using a heat transfer press. In some embodiments, a clamshell kind of heat transfer press  200  can be used (see  FIG. 8 ), but the heat transfer press is not limited thereto and may include any suitable equipment capable of effectively transferring decorative elements onto a substrate material. In some embodiments, the application of the ornaments can be performed by placing the substrate on the bottom panel of the press, aligning the heat transfer paper with the pre-arranged ornaments over the substrate, and lowering the top panel of the press using a lever. The temperature for the transfer may be from about 300° F. to about 400° F., and the pressure may be from about 50 psi to about 200 psi. The time period inside the press may be from about 15 to about 50 seconds. However, application process and corresponding conditions may vary depending on the equipment used, and are not limited to the above-described embodiments. 
         [0041]    Alternatively, the ornaments  104  can be applied manually, for example, via an adhesive, or by sowing the ornaments  104  to the substrate  101 . However, these methods, in addition to being time-consuming, may also be less effective. In contrast, a heat transfer process is faster and allows for improved adhesion of the ornaments. Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention are not expressly limited to using a heat transfer process, and may include any suitable process for effectively and efficiently adhering decorations to a substrate. 
         [0042]    In some embodiments, the ornaments  104  are applied directly to the surface of the substrate  101 . When the ornaments  104  are applied directly to the surface of the substrate  101 , the ornaments can be easily and firmly fixed to the substrate. For example, when the substrate is made of a canvas material, the substrate can easily absorb an adhesive and may allow for the ornaments to be firmly fixed to the substrate. In addition, the ornaments can be easily sewn to a canvas substrate or set or pressed into the substrate using equipment such as grommets 3  eyelets, or studs. In contrast, compounds used to create the decorative painting  103  such as, for example, glitter paint, are generally not absorbing. As a result, when the ornaments are applied to the decorative painting  103  using an adhesive, the surface of the decorative painting  103  would not absorb the adhesive to the same degree as a canvas material would, and will prevent the ornaments from being firmly fixed. 
         [0043]    Accordingly, when the decorative cuff  100  includes the ornaments  104 , the decorative painting  103  can further include apertures  103   a,  corresponding to the position of the ornaments  104 . The apertures  103   a  may correspond to the regions inside the decorative painting  103 , where the decorative painting  103  is not applied to the substrate  101 . For example, if the decorative painting  103  is made to correspond to a zebra pattern (e.g., by applying stripes of black glitter paint to a light-colored canvas substrate), the regions of the decorative painting  103  (i.e., stripes of black glitter paint) may further include apertures  103   a,  where the glitter paint is not applied to the substrate. As a result, when the ornaments  104  are positioned inside the apertures  103   a,  the ornaments  104  may be coupled directly to the surface of the substrate  101 . This allows for the ornaments  104  to be firmly fixed to the substrate  101 , and prevents or substantially reduces the possibility of the ornaments  104  falling off the decorative cuff  100 . As a result, the “life-span” of the shoes using the decorative cuff  100  can be increased. 
         [0044]    Next, the adorned substrate  101  can be cut to fit the shape of a shoe element to which the decorative cuff would later be applied (step  204  in  FIG. 13 ). In some embodiments, the substrate may be cut such that when the resulting decorative cuff is wrapped around the shoe element, either the entire outer surface of the shoe element is covered by the cuff, as illustrated in  FIG. 12 , or portions of the surface of the shoe element are covered by the cuff. For example, when the shoe element is a wedge (i.e., a wedged heel), the substrate may be cut to have the shape as illustrated in the drawings. However, the provided drawings should be understood to be schematic representations of the final product, and the shape of the decorative cuff may vary depending on the shape and size of the corresponding shoe element In some embodiments, the substrate may be cut using die-cutting, but the method of cutting the substrate is not limited thereto and may include any suitable hand cutting or machine cutting method. When a machine cutting method is employed, a CAD drawing from a designated software program may be used to input the parameters for cutting the substrate into a machine performing the process. 
         [0045]    The decorative cuff  100  may further include a protective cover  102 . The protective cover  102  may be cut to a desired shape and may be positioned on and adhered to the substrate  101  (steps  205  and  206  in  FIG. 13 ). In some embodiments, the protective cover  102  may be in a form of a sheet having the shape that substantially corresponds to the shape of the substrate. In some embodiments, the protective cover  102  may be made of a metal or a metal alloy. Non-limiting examples of the metal and/or the metal alloy may include ferrous metals and metal alloys, for example, cold rolled mild carbon steel sheet having commercial grade of 28 gauge or 30 gauge and decimal of 0.010, 0.015 or 0.020, and non-ferrous metals and metal alloys such as aluminum, copper, tin, brass, bronze, and aluminum alloys. However, the protective cover  102  is not limited thereto and may include any suitable material that can be bent without breaking, but that is also sturdy and can hold its shape. In some embodiments, the protective cover  102  can be made of rubber, vinyl, a plastic material such as, for example, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), or of metals laminated using one or more of rubber, vinyl, and Mylar® polyester film. 
         [0046]    In some embodiments, the protective cover  102  may include openings  102   a,  as illustrated in  FIGS. 5, 5A, and 5B . The openings  102   a  may correspond to the shape of the decorative painting  103 , such that when the protective cover  102  is positioned over the substrate  101 , the decorative painting  103  on the substrate  101  can be visible through the openings  102   a  in the protective cover  102 . Accordingly, similar to the decorative painting  103 , the openings  102   a  in the protective cover  102  may be of any suitable shape, design, and/or pattern. In embodiments where the substrate does not include a decorative painting  103 , the openings  102   a  may be of any desired shape and may reveal the substrate underneath the protective cover. 
         [0047]    The protective cover  102 , including the openings  102   a,  may be cut using any suitable process known to those of ordinary skill in the art, including, but not limited to, laser cutting, water jet cutting, and/or plasma cutting. For example, a CAD Drawing from a designated software program may be used to input the parameters for cutting the protective cover  102  into a machine performing one or more of the above-referenced processes. In some embodiments, the machine may use a DXF type file, but is not limited thereto. 
         [0048]    A thickness of the protective cover  102  may less than or equal to about 0.025 inch, for example, from about 0.025 to about 0.250 inch. For example, the thickness of the protective cover  102  may be the same or substantially the same as the thickness of the decorative elements on the substrate  101 . Accordingly, when the substrate  101  is overlaid with the protective cover  102  as illustrated in  FIGS. 7 and 9 , the decorative elements on the substrate  101 , including the decorative painting  103  and the ornaments  104 , may be “nested” inside the openings of the protective cover  102 , and may not substantially protrude outside the protective cover  102 . As a result, the possibility of damage to the decorative elements can be prevented or reduced, and a “life-span” of the shoes using the decorative cuff can be increased. 
         [0049]    When the protective cover  102  is a metal or a metal alloy sheet, an outer surface of the protective cover  102  can be subjected to one or more processes designed to improve its durability. For example, the protective cover  102  can be plated with one or more of nickel, silver, brass, and gold using one or more plating processes commonly known to those of skill in the art. Alternatively, the protective cover  102  can be anodized using one or more anodizing processes commonly known to those of skill in the art. When the protective cover  102  is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, the protective cover  102  can be both plated and anodized. As a result, the protective cover  102  will have improved scratch and corrosion resistance, and will greatly increase the durability of the bottom portion of the shoe that is usually vulnerable to wear and tear. 
         [0050]    In addition to increasing the durability of the protective cover  102 , one or more of the above-described processes can be used to enhance the aesthetic appeal of the protective cover. For example, the protective cover  102  can be plated with a coat of gold or silver-colored metal, though the color of the metal used for plating is not limited thereto. In embodiments where the protective cover  102  is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, one or more colors can be applied to the protective cover  102  during the anodizing process. Alternatively, color sublimation can be used to blend two or more colors on the surface of the protective cover  102 . Color sublimation can be done by, for example, inkjet sublimation or laser sublimation, but is not limited thereto. In embodiments where the protective cover  102  is made of a ferrous metal or metal alloy, physical vapor deposition process (PVD) can be used in lieu of plating. In some embodiments, the protective cover  102  can include dyed or tinted metal. Each of the above-described processes should be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and detailed descriptions thereof will not be provided. In addition, these processes are provided as examples and are not intended for purposes of limitation. Accordingly, the protective cover  102  can be subjected to any suitable finishing process commonly used in metalworking. 
         [0051]    In some embodiments, the protective cover  102  may include one or more tabs  1  extending from the cover, as illustrated in  FIGS. 5-6 . The tabs  1  may be strategically positioned to indicate whether the resulting decorative cuff  100  should be applied to a right or a left shoe. For example, at least one tab may be placed on the edge of the protective cover that would be positioned on the inner side of the left shoe. The presence of the tabs can be especially important if the decorative cuff for the left shoe is different from the decorative cuff for the right shoe, as in the case of wedged shoes, for example. Accordingly, the possibility of error during the application of the completed decorative cuff to the shoe element can be prevented or reduced, thus improving the efficiency of the application process and reducing the overall cost. 
         [0052]    The protective cover  102  may be applied to the substrate  101  using any suitable process including, but not limiting to, using an adhesive. During the application, the protective cover  102  may be positioned over the substrate  101 , with an adhesive layer therebetween, such that the openings  102   a  of the protective cover  102  are aligned with the regions of the substrate  101  to which the decorative painting  103  and/or the ornaments  104  have been applied. In other words, if the substrate includes any decorative elements, the protective cover  102  may be adhered directly to the portions of the substrate  101  not covered by the decorative elements. For example, if the substrate  101  is a canvas substrate, the protective cover  102  can be adhered directly to the canvas surface. As a result, the adhesive may be properly absorbed by the canvas, and the protective cover  102  may be firmly fixed to the substrate  101 . 
         [0053]    Any suitable adhesive be used to couple the protective cover  102  to the substrate  101 . In some embodiments, E-6000® (commercially available at most art stores) can be used, but the adhesive is not limited thereto, and may include any suitable adhesive including epoxy adhesives such as epoxy resins, heat activated adhesives made from natural rubber, synthetic or hybrid blends, based on styrene acrylic, polyurethane, vinyl acetate and/or natural emulsions, or any combinations thereof. A thickness of the adhesive layer can be from about 1 to about 10 mm, but is not limited thereto, so long as the adhesive layer can provide sufficient bonding. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer is applied to the substrate  101 , but may alternatively be applied to an inner surface of the protective cover  102 . When the adhesive is applied to the substrate, it may be applied only to the portions of the substrate not covered by the decorative painting  103  and/or the ornaments  104 . 
         [0054]    The substrate  101  and the protective cover  102  may be pressed together, with the adhesive layer therebetween, for several minutes or until the materials are properly bonded to each other. In some embodiments, the adhesive can be cured for about two minutes before the substrate  101  and the protective cover  102  are joined together. After the substrate  101  and the protective cover  102  are joined together, the adhesive can also be further cured using any suitable curing process known to those of ordinary skill in the art. 
         [0055]    To further improve bonding strength between the substrate  101  and the protective cover  102 , the inner surface of the protective cover  102  can be sanded, before it is coupled to the substrate  101 . In some embodiments, sand paper having medium to medium/high grit (for example, 60 or 80 grit) may be used, but is not limited thereto. When the inner surface of the protective cover  102  is sanded, the protective cover  102  can better absorb the adhesive, and thus may be more firmly fixed to the substrate  101 . 
         [0056]    After the protective cover  102  has been coupled to the substrate  101 , the resulting decorative cuff  100  is bent to correspond to the shape of the shoe element (step  208  in  FIG. 13 ), and then coupled to the shoe element (step  209  in  FIG. 13 ). The process for adhering the decorative cuff  100  to the shoe element may be substantially similar to the process used to attach the protective cover  102  to the substrate  101 , except that here, the adhesive may be applied to a bottom surface of the substrate  101 , opposite from the surface of the substrate overlaid with the protective cover  102 . 
         [0057]    In order to bend the decorative cuff  100 , it may be first passed through a slip roller or any other bending and/or forming equipment  300 , as illustrated in  FIG. 11 . Using such bending and/or forming equipment allows for safely and accurately bending the decorative cuff to fit the shape of the shoe element. When the decorative cuff  100  is applied to a wedged shoe element, the bending and/or forming equipment will help create the necessary radii and contours in the decorative cuff, which would not otherwise be attainable. Accordingly, the decorative cuff can be easily and firmly fit over the shoe element. 
         [0058]    In some embodiments, before the decorative cuff  100  is bent and attached to a shoe element, a padding  105  may adhered to the bottom surface of the substrate  101 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10  (step  207  in  FIG. 13 ). The padding  105  may improve how smoothly and evenly the decorative cuff can be adhered to the shoe element and may eliminate, or at least substantially reduce, the appearance of air pockets, bubbles, creases, and/or other imperfections. In some embodiments, the padding  105  may be made of felt, such as the one available in art stores, or filler of silicone. However, the padding  105  is not limited thereto and may include any suitable material. The padding  105  may be applied to the substrate  101  using, for example, an adhesion process as described above in connection with the substrate  101  and the protective cover  102 . In some embodiments, the padding  105  may cover from about  1 / 8  to about  2 / 3  of the surface of the substrate  101 . However, position of the padding  105  on the surface of the substrate  101  is not limited, and may encompass any strategic positioning that allows for the decorative cuff  100  to be evenly adhered to the shoe element. 
         [0059]    After the completed decorative cuff  100  has been applied to the shoe element, the top portion of the shoe may be completed by the manufacturer in accordance with the desired design. As a result, a wide variety of shoe models can be manufactured without a substantial increase in production costs of each model.  FIG. 12  is a schematic image of a completed shoe, where dotted lines illustrate an example of a possible design of a top portion of the shoe. 
         [0060]    While the present invention has been described in connection with certain example embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.