Abstract:
Disclosed is a system and method for installing docks. The system comprises a scaffold portion having at least a first end and a second end. The first end is adapted to be removably secured to a first dock portion. The second end of the scaffold portion has a template thereon adapted for positioning pilings of a second dock portion to be installed. The scaffold includes a support structure upon which a dock builder stands during installation of the second dock portion. The method comprises installing a first dock portion, removably securing a first end of a scaffold portion of a dock installation system to the first dock portion, lowering a second end of the scaffold portion such that the first end of the scaffold portion is cantilevered at the first dock portion, using a template on a second end of the scaffold portion to arrange and position one or more components of a second dock portion to be installed, and installing the second dock portion.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of the filing date of a nonprovisional patent application entitled “METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR BUILDING DOCKS”, filed on Mar. 20, 2007, having application Ser. No. 60/895,781, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to dock building. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and system for use in dock construction and installation that avoid or minimize damage to the surrounding environment while reducing construction time and costs. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The conventional process used to build and install a dock is typically as follows. The first step is to establish the center of the walkway at the edge of the shore. The second step is to establish the center of the walkway at the rivers edge. Generally, this is accomplished by placing a pipe or stake at the river&#39;s edge that will be visible from the shore. Then, construction of the batter boards is performed (batter boards are a temporary bench, constructed to define the width of the walkway pilings) at both the shore&#39;s edge and at a point approximately one hundred feet from shore. Two strings of equal length are stretched on each side of the batter boards to ensure that the batter boards are positioned parallel to one another. Next, a mark is made on each string at eight feet, ten feet, or twelve feet depending on the choice of piling distance. This is typically done with a magic marker. Two pilings are then carried out to the first marked point nearest the shore and place in the ground. Generally, this is either done by digging a posthole where the ground is solid or jetting the pilings down and driving them into place with a heavy hammer. All subsequent pairs of pilings are progressively placed in a similar manner at the predetermined spacing until the one hundred foot length is attained. 
     After all the pilings have been installed, walkways are built over non-navigable marshes and mud flats until the walkways reach the navigable waters edge. Water is an inevitable nuisance when constructing the walkways during time periods from middle to high tide. Even so, for longer walkways, it is customary to transport pilings while the water is at a higher level so that they can be tethered with a stake in the mud where the interval marks were previously made on the strings. Alternatively, when the tide is out, dock builders will simply walk to the predetermined interval marks and erect the pilings accordingly. Once all the pilings are set, a board, also known as a bench, is nailed to each pair of pilings. 
     After about a 100 feet of pilings are in place, scaffold boards are erected on top of the benches. Once this phase of the construction and installation process is completed, the dock builders can walk from one set of pilings to the other without getting in the water or mud. The dock builders can easily walk the scaffold boards to jet the pilings deeper, if needed, or hammer them into place. The pilings, however, are usually not plumbed at this time. Normally, the pilings are plumbed later via a come-a-long or winch and then set by nailing permanent cross braces in place. To complete the process of setting 100 feet of pilings, it can take up to two days for a team of four experienced dock builders. 
     The next step in the traditional process of dock building requires that permanent cross benches be installed with the use of a transit to insure level placement. Three floor joists (normally 2×8) can then be installed on top of the benches. After that, 1×6 decking is temporarily laid on top of the joists. The top of the pilings usually rise above the 2×8 floor joists and, therefore, are cut below the top joist at this time. Often, a string is extended from the edge of the previously built deck (or the batter board if the overall length is less than 100 feet), to facilitate the installation of the deck boards in a perfectly straight line. This phase of the process to install the joists and decking routinely takes a team of four dock builders a day to complete. 
     On average, a 100-foot walkway takes four days to build from start to finish. For docks extending over 250 feet, the timing of the tide and cold weather conditions can further slow the construction to five or six days per 100 feet. Further, due to the repeated back and forth traffic of the dock builders, it can be expected that this traditional, inefficient method of construction and installation will result in the destruction of the delicate, and often legally protected, marsh environment on either side of the walkway. It is not uncommon for the environment to take between five and ten years to recuperate from the damage. 
     Thus, a need exists for a method and system for the constructing and installing docks that avoid, or at least minimize, potential damage to the environmentally delicate marsh and shore. A need also exists for a method and system that make dock and walkway construction more efficient in terms of time, labor, and costs. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention is directed to a system and method for installing docks. The system comprises scaffold portion having at least a first end and a second end. The first end is adapted to be removably secured to a first dock portion. The second end of the scaffold portion has a template thereon adapted for positioning pilings of a second dock portion to be installed. The scaffold includes a support structure upon which a dock builder stands during installation of the second dock portion. 
     The method comprises installing a first dock portion, removably securing a first end of a scaffold portion of a dock installation system to the first dock portion, lowering a second end of the scaffold portion such that the first end of the scaffold portion is cantilevered at the first dock portion, using a template on a second end of the scaffold portion to arrange and position one or more components of a second dock portion to be installed, and installing the second dock portion. 
     Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, drawings and claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of an illustrative embodiment of the system of the present invention in an installed, and ready to use, position. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a frontal view of the system shown in  FIG. 1  in an installed, and ready to use, position. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a side view of the system shown in  FIG. 1  in an installed, and ready to use, position. 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a top view of the system shown in  FIG. 1  in an installed, and ready to use, position. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the invention, a system is provided that comprises a scaffold cantilever adjustable frame construction and alignment tool (SCAFCAT) that can be used to build and install docks in a manner that prevents, or at least lessens, damage to the shore, shore bottom and surrounding marsh adjacent to an area in which a dock is to be installed. 
     Referring now to the drawings, exemplary embodiments, aspects and features of the present invention will be described.  FIG. 1  illustrates a perspective view of the SCAFCAT system  100  in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention. The system  100  couples on one of its ends to two pilings  102  and  103  of a portion of the dock  105  that has already been built using the system  100 . The system  100  comprises two parallel side members  106  and  107 , a plurality of lateral members  111 - 118 , cables  123  and  124 , and two removable scaffold boards  126  and  127 . 
     As with the conventional method for building a dock, construction of a dock with the system  100  typically starts by establishing the center point of the proposed walkway at the edge of the shore. Next, the center point of the walkway at the rivers edge is determined. Once the aforementioned two points are set, a transit is installed at the shoreline. An imaginary line that extends between these two center points is the centerline of the walkway. Unlike the traditional method, however, no batter boards are required for building a dock when using the system  100 . The first two pilings (not shown in the figures) are placed equidistantly from the centerline of the walkway. Generally, other than the system  100 , nothing else is needed to install the next two pilings. 
     Using the transit and a four-foot level, the second two pilings  102  and  103  are installed at equal distances from the centerline of the walkway. These pilings  102  and  103  will be left to extend above the eventual plane of the floor joists. Next, the benches  101  are installed using the transit to level them. Finally, floor joists  104  and walk treads  108  are installed with the installation of the last couple of treads adjacent to the pilings  102  and  103  deferred until a later time. With the initial section of the dock  105  completed, the system  100  can now be used to construct the remaining sections of the dock with minimal disruption of the surrounding environment. 
     In the preferred embodiment, the system  100  attaches to the last two pilings installed  102  and  103 , i.e., to the most recently installed pilings. Once securely in place, the system  100  preferably hangs down about thirty-two inches below the plane of the walkway. Currently, all docks and walkways, by law, must be at least thirty-six inches above high tide level. In accordance with this embodiment, because the system  100  only hangs down thirty-two inches, work can be done at any tide level. After the first four pilings are in place, the walkway  135  should be sufficiently anchored to support the outward force created by the use of the system  100 . With the lateral member  112  acting as a pivot point, the system  100  creates a moment arm that is applied to the upper portion of the pilings via lateral member  111 . Naturally, for the system  100  to be employed safely, the existing portion of the walkway  135  must be sufficiently rigid to accommodate the cantilever effect of the system  100 . If the contractor determines that the existing length of the walkway is not stable enough to support use of the system  100 , he may have to better anchor the first pilings. 
     The lateral member  111 , which is typically a length of pipe or solid stock, is positioned behind the last two pilings  102  and  103  and abuts the floor joists  104 . Two cables, chains, or solid steel connectors  128  and  129  extend down from each end of the lateral member  111 , thereby securing the back portion of the scaffold frame to the existing portion of the dock  105 . Two other cables, chains or solid steel connectors  123  and  124  extend from the lateral member  111  to the far ends of the scaffold frame of the system  100 , with a turnbuckle connecting the connectors  123  and  124  to the scaffold frame. When using the scaffold frame, two dock builders first place the lateral member  111  on the inside edge of the pilings  102  and  103  and then stand the scaffold frame up. Next, the dock builders lower the scaffold frame of the system  100  along the outside edge of the pilings  102  and  103  such that lateral pivot member  112  stays proximate to the surface of the pilings  102  and  103  and the first two connectors  123  and  124  become taut. The scaffold frame is now generally vertical and suspended by connectors  123  and  124  and can be lowered much like a drawbridge until the second two connectors  128  and  129  are taut. At this point in time, the system  100  is securely in place and a dock builder can climb down and stand on the edges (members  106  or  107 ) of the scaffold frame in order to place the two removable scaffold boards  126  and  127  on the scaffold board supports of the system  100 . The next step in the procedure is to align the system  100 . 
     The template defined by the members  115 ,  117  and  118  is placed over the end studs  136  and  137  that are premeasured at, for example, eight, ten, or twelve feet. Using the transit and placing a four-foot level in the middle of the premarked template, one of the builders can adjust the turnbuckles until the middle of the template is aligned with the centerline of the walkway. The system  100  may need to be adjusted occasionally when wooden pilings are being used because the pilings tend to be different in size. If the diameters of the pilings vary such that it is difficult to consistently align the system  100 , wedges (not shown) can be driven behind the lateral pivot member  112  to provide greater stability. 
     Once the system  100  is secured and aligned, the next pair of pilings to be installed can be carried down the finished portion of the walkway by two dock builders while a third dock builder stands on the scaffold boards  126  and  127 . The two dock builders carrying the pilings then hand the piling to the third builder. The installation process may be carried out by as few as a single builder, but using two or three builders further expedites the process. While one of the two dock builders standing on the finished walkway holds one end of a piling, the third builder standing on the scaffold boards  126  and  127  holds the other end of the piling while the second builder standing on the finished walkway climbs down onto the scaffold boards  126  and  127  to take the first end of the piling from the first builder. Now, the second and third builders can proceed to place the piling at the edge of the template defined by the members  115 ,  117  and  118 , erect the piling to a vertical position, and then lower it into place. Once both pilings  136  and  137  are in position, each can be jetted down and hammered into place by conventional means. The pilings  136  and  137  will not need to be re-plumbed, as the template defined by the members  115 ,  117  and  118  guarantees proper and plumb positioning of the pilings while the cross bracing is permanently affixed and cut flush with the outside of the pilings  136  and  137 . 
     The permanent benches are installed by using the transit to ensure that they are parallel and on plane with the benches  101  installed on the previous set of pilings  103  and  104 . Next, the template defined by the members  115 ,  117  and  118  is removed, followed by removal of the scaffold boards  126  and  127  and the other portions of the system  100 . The system  100 , when built with chains or cables  123 ,  124 ,  128 ,  129 , will lay flat on the completed walkway. A scaffold board (not shown) can be extended from the walkway to the new bench and used to help install the floor joists that need to extend from the previously installed set of pilings  102  and  103  to the newly installed set  136  and  137 . Once the dock builders have installed the aforementioned joists, the previous pilings  102  and  103  can be cut below the top level of the floor joists in anticipation of deck boards being installed permanently over them. 
     With the SCAFCAT  100  and its method of use, fifty feet of walkway can be aligned and constructed with only three men. For each day (e.g., eight-hour days) after the first day, three workers skilled in the use of system  100  will be able to construct at least eighty feet of walkway without regard to tide level. Other than on the first day, when the first section of a dock is constructed, no dock builder will ever have need to walk in the marsh if the system  100  is employed. As a result, only very minimal damage to the environment immediately along the shoreline may occur. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a front view of the system  100  coupled on an end to the outermost pilings  136  and  137 . In this view, the system  100  is shown securely in place and ready to be aligned and used to build the next section of dock.  FIG. 3  illustrates a side view of the system  100  whereas  FIG. 4  illustrates a top view of the system  100 . It should be noted that although the system  100  has been described as having a template intended for the installation of pilings located inside the planes of the floor joists, the template defined by the members  115 ,  117  and  118  could instead be designed for the installation of pilings placed outside the plane of the joists. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will understand the manner in which these and other changes may be made to the system  100 . 
     It should be noted that the invention has been described with reference to a few illustrative embodiments for the purpose of demonstrating the principles and concepts of the invention. Also, although the system  100  and method have been described with reference to dock construction and installation, the system  100  and method are suitable for use in constructing other types of structures, such as, for example, walkways and platforms. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand, in view of the description being provided herein, that many modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein and that all such modifications are within the scope of the invention.