Abstract:
Reusable cartridges allow the time consuming resin preparation and processing steps to occur offline and not affect the cycling time of the injector. Cartridges also greatly simplify the operation of RTM injectors as preparation simply consists of loading a warmed ready-to-use resin cartridge and performing the injection.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     Priority is claimed from U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/766,773, filed Feb. 13, 2013, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/598,295, filed Feb. 13, 2012, which is hereby incorporated by reference 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The following relates to the fabrication of composite structures using resin transfer molding (RTM) in areas such as high-tech composite structure fabrication. 
     Composite structures are well known for their physical properties of high strength and light weight materials. With these qualities, composite materials are gaining wide use in a variety of structural and non-structural applications. RTM is one method of fabricating composite structures. 
     Current RTM technology produces lightweight parts with excellent mechanical properties. As the use of composite parts become more common in aerospace and aviation, a need arises for the RTM process to achieve higher production rates. 
     Any high rate production method must maintain the desirable qualities of RTM composite parts while decreasing the cycle time or “takt time” of the forming process. The resin injector system that includes resin filling, cleaning, and processing is one area to examine for improvements. 
     RTM Process Description 
     The Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process is advantageous because it can consistently produce composite parts with high strength, complex geometries, tight dimensional tolerances, and part quality typically required of aerospace applications. In the RTM fabrication process, a structure made up of reinforcing material, known as a preform, is placed in a closed matched mold which is then tightly sealed. A high vacuum is typically applied to the mold before and during injection to improve part quality and resin flow throughout the mold. Resin is then injected into the mold under elevated pressure and temperature to impregnate the preform. The impregnated preform structure is then cured to produce the final molded product. 
     In RTM and most other composite manufacturing processes, the final part geometry and mechanical strength properties are determined simultaneously. Composite structure applications that require high strength and tight geometric tolerances must have a fabrication process that controls several critical parameters including preform creation, injection, and curing. 
     One element of the RTM process is the resin injection system that is required to inject thermosetting resin at an elevated temperature and pressure into the mold. To achieve this the injection system resin container must be capable of both displacing resin and sealing resin from leakage at typical process temperatures of 250° F. (˜120° C.), injection pressures of 250 psi (˜1.7 MPa), and vacuum greater than 1 torr (˜100 Pa). 
     Positive Displacement Injectors 
     One of the most common methods of injecting resins for RTM fabrication is a positive displacement (PD) injection system. A PD injection system comprises a specialized cylinder into which resin is loaded. Located at the bottom of the cylinder is a movable piston. The piston is connected to an actuator which translates the piston up the cylinder displacing resin out and into the mold. The cylinder and piston assembly of a positive displacement injector is highly engineered to displace resin at elevated temperatures while under the high vacuums or high pressures required in the RTM process. 
     PD injection systems also allow for resin degassing processes to be conducted after the resin is loaded into the cylinder by sealing the cylinder and applying a vacuum. Positive displacement injectors provide precise control of resin pressure, flow rate, and temperature control critical to the RTM process. PD injections systems require the manual loading, degassing, and cleaning of resin which requires additional process time. While this is acceptable for low rate RTM production, typically 2-3 parts per day, the required injection processing time, manual operations, and operator exposure to resin and solvents may be unacceptable for higher production rates. 
     Pressure Pots 
     Another method of injecting resin for RTM molding involves the use of a pressure pot injection system. A pressure pot consists of a chamber which is filled with resin and tightly sealed. To inject resin, the chamber is pressurized with a compressed gas. This pressure forces resin into the inlet of a tube submerged in the resin and which exits at the mold. Pressure pots are capable of heating resin as well as sealing against vacuum for resin degassing operations. 
     Pressure pot injection system provide the pressure monitoring and control similar to PD injectors while typically being more compact and simple to operate. Pressure pots are typically disadvantaged when used to achieve the high strength and quality requirements in aerospace applications of RTM. This is due to a lack of accurate resin flow control critical to the RTM process. Pressure pots may also pose a high safety risk due to bursting of the chamber under the high (typically &gt;250 psi (˜1.7 Mpa)) injection pressure required. Pressure pots like PD injectors require the manual loading, unloading, degassing, and cleaning of resins which requires additional process time. This requires additional injection processing time, manual operations, and operator exposure to resin and solvents that do not support higher production rates. 
     Pail Unloading Injectors 
     A third method of RTM injection may be performed with pail unloaders. Pail unloader injection systems are unique in that they are able to draw resin from the resin shipping container and inject directly into the RTM mold. A pail unloader accomplishes this by driving a heated punch into the resin shipping container. The punch heats the resin and displaces it into a geared pump. The pump then controls resin flow and pressure as it pumps resin to the mold. 
     Pail unloaders allow multiple injections to be performed from the single loading of a typical 5 gallon resin shipping container. The cleaning cycle is longer and more complex than PD or pressure pot injectors; however the cleaning is only performed once per pail loading, which aids in reducing the overall injection processing time. 
     Note that pail unloaders typically include a geared pump design that is particularly prone to large resin pressure and flow pulsations that are unacceptable in high performance RTM processing. Frequent cleaning is required to prevent the thermosetting resins from curing and to remove buildup inside the internal pump passageways. Such cleaning requires the use of large volumes of solvents for flushing the pump to clear resin from within the pump. The manual operations required, injection process fluctuations, and operator exposure to resin and solvents is unacceptable for higher production rates. 
     Various techniques may be used for RTM cleaning. 
     Pressure Pot Cleaning 
     One method of pressure pot cleaning is to scrape the remaining resin out of the pressure pot, then use solvent to clean the pot. A second method is to place a disposable liner in the pressure pot, then dispose of the liner after using the pressure pot. A third method is to place a resin container within the pressure pot. With this third method, the separate resin container is either cleaned or disposed. 
     Cleaning Positive Displacement Injectors 
     In positive displacement injectors, the injection cylinder and piston must be cleaned before another injection cycle can be conducted. The cylinder and piston are usually cleaned with solvent. The injector end cap is removed and the actuation rod pushes the piston all the way out of the cylinder. This action pushes the remaining resin out of the cylinder. The piston is removed from the actuation rod and the rod is retracted. The cylinder is wiped out with solvent and the piston is cleaned with solvent. Next, the actuation rod is extended so the piston can be attached. After reattaching the piston, it is drawn back into the cylinder. This method exposes workers to resin and solvent. 
     Cleaning Pail Unloaders 
     The heating punch is inserted into the top of the resin container to warm and pump the resin during injection. For cleaning, the heating punch is extracted from the resin container and placed in a similar container filled with solvent. The resin pump is activated. The pump draws solvent into the pump and circulates solvent through the pump and the resin injection lines. Solvent re-circulates for a period of time sufficient to clear the pump and lines of resin. The heating punch and wiper seal must also be cleaned with solvent. This method requires a significant amount of solvent. 
     The following comprise some limitations of current RTM methods. 
     Complex Time Consuming Operations 
     Current methods include complex operations for loading and unloading resin containers. Each individual process adds to the turn-around time or takt time of the injection process. 
     Time Consuming Cleaning Cycles 
     Frequent solvent-based cleanings are required to prevent buildup in pumps and containers. 
     Lack of Resin Degassing 
     Resin degassing capabilities are not available with some current methods. 
     Safety Problems—Exposing Workers to Resin and Solvent 
     Current methods expose workers to resin when handling resin containers, inserting tubing into resin containers and when cleaning containers. Cleaning procedures require the workers to use and dispose of solvents, which can be hazardous substances. 
     Process Variability 
     The heating and pumping systems employed in current methods cause variations in resin outlet pressure, flow rate, and resin temperature. These issues can affect the quality of parts produced. 
     SUMMARY 
     One aspect is directed to a cartridge apparatus comprising a barrel having an open proximal end and an open distal end, sealing means that seal the open proximal end of the barrel, piston means that change the effective volume of the barrel, and locking means for sealing the open distal end of the barrel and restricting distal longitudinal movement of the piston means relative to the barrel. 
     One aspect is directed to a cartridge apparatus comprising a barrel having an open proximal end and an open distal end, sealing means that seal the open proximal end of the barrel, piston means axially movable and longitudinally movable within the barrel, the longitudinal movement changing the effective volume of the barrel, locking means for sealing the open distal end of the barrel and restricting longitudinal movement of the piston relative to the barrel, actuating means for applying longitudinal pressure to the piston means, the actuating means comprising locking means to restrict axial movement of the piston means, housing means that has a proximal and distal end, the housing means circumferentially clamping the walls of the barrel and providing controlled heating means, mounting means for attaching the barrel to the actuating means and receiving the barrel in the housing means, the mounting means comprising a central opening for the actuation means to engage the piston means, cap locking means that cause the housing means to clamp around the barrel and engage the proximal end with a quick connect sealing device, the cap locking means engaging the proximal end of the housing means to cover the barrel at its proximal end and providing an opening whereby resin can exit the barrel and be injected into a mold. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded perspective view of the cartridge. 
         FIG. 2  is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cartridge. 
         FIG. 3  is a frontal view of the proximal end of the cartridge. 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the cartridge that includes the distal end of the cartridge with the locking plate in an open position. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the cartridge that includes the distal end of the cartridge with the locking plate in a locked position. 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of the cartridge carrier cap. 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the receiving end of the cartridge carrier cap. 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of the injector assembly. 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of the actuator, injector housing, and cartridge. 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of the actuation rod. 
         FIG. 11  is an exploded view of the actuation rod and the locking plate. 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of the injector cap. 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of the receiving end of the injector cap. 
         FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional view of part of the injector assembly. 
         FIG. 15  is a view of the cartridge housing. 
         FIG. 16  is an exploded view of the cartridge housing, cartridge, and carrier cap. 
         FIG. 17  is a view of the cartridge inside the cartridge housing and sealed by the carrier cap. 
         FIG. 18  is a flowchart diagram depicting the process by which a cartridge is cleaned, refilled, and reused. 
         FIG. 19  is an exploded view of the cartridge and base. 
         FIG. 20  is a view of the cartridge on the cartridge cleaning station before extracting the piston. 
         FIG. 21  illustrates the process of injection molding with a magnified view of the fabric being infused with resin. 
         FIG. 22  is perspective view of a cartridge housing. 
         FIG. 23  is a perspective view of a cartridge disassembly tool. 
         FIG. 24  is a perspective view of a resin fill attachment. 
         FIG. 25  is a perspective view of a cartridge leak check (test) station and a vacuum test base. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Cartridge 
     In reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a cartridge apparatus  102  is shown comprising a distal coupling member  106 , a proximal coupling member  104 , a piston  114 , and a locking plate  118 . 
     The cartridge  102  may be barrel, tubular, and generally cylindrical in form, such that it is fashioned to receive resin in a repeatable manner. Also, the cartridge  102  may be manufactured out of hard black-anodized aluminum for high heat transfer and added durability, although other suitable materials with similar and different properties may be used according to desire. Furthermore, the walls of the cartridge  102  and its features may be configured to withstand high pressure as well as high vacuum. 
     Features that may be present on the cartridge  102  include an inner shoulder  110  near the proximal end of the cartridge  102  and a stop tab  112  near the distal end of the cartridge  102 . The first feature, the inner shoulder  110 , may appear as the result of two bore sections within the cartridge  102 . The bore section near the proximal end of the cartridge  102  has a larger diameter than the bore section of the central body of the cartridge  102 . The shoulder may also be in the form of a ridge that is molded from the inner cartridge  102  walls or attached to the inner cartridge  102  walls. Of course, the shoulder  110  may be configured in a variety of other ways. 
     The second feature on the cartridge  102 , the stop tab  112 , may comprise a flange that extends radially inward, and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cartridge. An additional stop tab  113  may also be present. In the embodiment shown, stop tabs  112  and  113  are configured so as to be diametrically opposed. Additional stop tabs may also be used. Embodiments may use self-activating release locks or other types of stopping means. 
     Both the inner shoulder  110  and the stop tab  112  serves in sealing the cartridge  102 , and are described in more detail below. 
     On the ends of the cartridge  102  may be found coupling members  104  and  106 . Coupling members  104  and  106  may be formed as flanges on the cartridge. Alternatively, they may be attached or bonded to the cartridge  102 . They may comprise the same material as the cartridge  102 , such as hard black-anodized aluminum. They may also comprise a variation of aluminum, or they may comprise a different material altogether. Moreover, one coupling member may differ in material composition from the other coupling member. 
     In embodiments, the proximal coupling member  104  comprises a cartridge alignment face  108  on the outer surface of the proximal coupling member  104 , such that it provides use in orienting the cartridge  102 . Also, it may provide use in controlling rotational movement of the cartridge  102 , and more specifically, rotation around the longitudinal axis formed between the proximal and distal ends of the cartridge  102 . The cartridge alignment face  108  is depicted as a flat smooth surface in  FIG. 1 ; however, the surface may comprise ridges, roughness, and uneven finishing. 
     Additional control may be provided with a second cartridge alignment face  109  on the outer surface of the proximal coupling member  104 . For example, a second cartridge alignment face  109  is depicted in  FIG. 3  in a diametrically opposed position relative to cartridge alignment face  108 . It is conceived that still more cartridge alignment faces may be provided on the proximal coupling member  104  as desired. 
     Note that the cartridge alignment faces  108  and  109  may appear in all the same variations with respect to distal coupling member  106 . Such cartridge alignment faces provide added control in handling and transporting the cartridge  102 . They also may be used for alignment and confinement purposes. 
     Also shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  is an end plug  124  that may be used to seal the proximal end of the cartridge  102 . Alternatively, the end plug  124  may seal the distal end of the cartridge. Moreover, two end plugs may be used to seal both ends of the cartridge  102 . 
     The end plug  124  may comprise an outlet  126 , annular grooves  128 , an annular lip  130 , and a small cap  125 . First, the outlet  126  provides an opening to receive a resin connect, or quick connect  610 , for coupling the cartridge  102  to an injector cap  606  and/or resin injection line to transfer cartridge contents to an RTM mold  614 . The opening also allows for the release of resin or pressurized contents that may build up in the cartridge  102  during a warming cycle. This is also a safety feature for relieving pressure during storage, transportation, preheat cycles, or loading processes prior to the cartridge  102  being sealed for injection purposes. This opening is also designed for easy and quick cleaning. An additional use of outlet  126  is to receive a quick connect, or some type of nozzle, for use in cleaning and pressure testing cartridge  102 . Additional uses are further anticipated. 
     Secondly, the end plug  124  may comprise annular grooves to be fitted with a sealing ring, such as an O-ring seal. This enables a friction fit when the end plug  124  is inserted into the open end of the cartridge  102  and provides a seal against pressure, vacuum, and the contents. In other words, the O-ring seal serves to hold the retainer in a tight fit, or tight seal, within the cartridge. Other means of configuring the end plug  124  may be used to ensure that a tight fit is achieved. Also, means other than an end plug  124  may be used to create a desired secure sealing of the cartridge  102 . 
     Although the end plug  124  uses a friction fit, other types of fit could be used such that the end plug is conical, or tapered, at its distal end. Securing methods, such as threads, locking pins, or machined locking features could provide a sealing for the cartridge  102 . 
     Third, the end plug  124  may comprise an annular lip  130  that extends radially outward. The end plug  124  is slidably received within the cartridge  102  until the annular lip  130  is stopped by the inner shoulder  110 . Depending on the position of the inner shoulder  110  within the cartridge  124 , the end plug  124  may rest completely inside the cartridge  102  or may have some exposure outside of the cartridge  102 . Alternatively, the annular lip may extend farther than the outer diameter of the proximal coupling member  104 . In this case, the annular lip  130  may rest against or be stopped by the proximal end of the proximal coupling member  104 . Thus, an inner shoulder  110  may not be included in embodiments. 
     Embodiments may further include a small cap  125 . For example, the small cap  125  may seal an opening in the end plug  124  after resin is introduced into the cartridge  102  while under a vacuum state. This seals and protects the cartridge  102  and the resin against contaminates When the cartridge  102  is placed in a warming oven, but prior to placing the cartridge into the injector, the small cap  125  can then be removed. The small cap  125  may include a sealing ring, such as an O-ring, to provide a friction fit within the opening of the end plug  124 . 
     On the distal end of the cartridge  102 , a piston  114  may be positioned within the walls of the cartridge  102 . To position the piston  114  at the distal end, the piston  114  may be slidably inserted through the proximal opening of the cartridge  102  and then lowered to the distal end, stopped by stop tabs  112  and  113 . In this manner, the piston  114  is prevented from sliding out or being pushed out through the distal end of the cartridge  102 . Embodiments include other means of preventing movement of piston  114 , such as ridges, smaller diameter sizes within the cartridge  102 , and other means that are known with the art. Alternatively, there may be nothing to prevent the piston from being removably inserted through the distal end. Embodiments include that stopping means be attached or otherwise engaged once the piston is received into the cartridge  102 . 
     The piston  114  may be configured to seal the distal end of the cartridge  102 . Also, the piston  114  may have annular grooves  116  to retain one or more O-ring seals. The O-ring seals provide a tight seal, or tight fit, between the piston  114  and the inner walls of the cartridge  102 . Although the piston is tightly retained within the inner walls, the piston  114  may rotate axially within the cartridge  102 . The inner walls may have a smooth surface finish with a specific bore to piston OD diametral clearance to withstand certain temperatures and pressures. For example, a diameter clearance of approximately 0.010 inch may support high operating temperatures and pressures. 
     An order of assembling the cartridge  102  may comprise the following steps: first, inserting the piston  114  within the cartridge  102 ; second, rotating the piston to a locked position; and third, inserting the end plug  124 , then filling the cartridge  102  with resin that is to be injected. The resin may be injected through means such as a resin fill attachment that includes a small tube and that may be inserted through outlet  126  with the end plug  124  in place. An exemplary resin fill attachment  802  is shown in  FIG. 24 . 
     Also, the stop tabs  112  and  113  may be removable or actuated such that the piston  114  may be inserted from the distal end of the cartridge  102 . 
     The locking plate  118  may remain attached to the piston  114 . Alternatively, it may be removed and reattached. Pushing the piston  114  out of the proximal end may be part of the cleaning process. The o-rings wipe the cylinder clean while they push residual resin out of the cylinder, or cartridge  102 , and into a cleaning fixture. Alternatively, the cartridge  102  may be constructed with a fixed end having an opening similar to plug outlet  126 . Thus, the piston  114  may be inserted through the distal end and then secured to the cartridge  102  with a locking configuration. Means for locking can be similar to the locking plate  118  or have various other configurations. 
     Locking Plate 
     Locking means may comprise a locking plate  118  that may be affixed at the distal end of the barrel, to the distal surface of the piston  114 . Another ordering of assembly may also be possible. In  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a locking plate  118  is shown affixed to the piston  124 . Although the locking plate  118  is shown with screws  118   a - d , for affixing the locking plate  118 , other attachment means may be used. For example, the locking plate  118  may be bonded to the piston  124  with an adhesive layer, or integrally machined. The piston  114  may be molded from a plastic, such as ultra high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene, with a locking plate-like feature integrally molded. This distinction may require a different actuator end design. 
     The locking plate  118  provides a key opening  122  for the insertion of members that may actuate the piston  114 . Also, the locking plate  118  provides a locking plate tab  120  that may be used in conjunction with the stop tab  112  of the cartridge  102  to prevent, or restrict, longitudinal displacement, or movement, of the piston  114  relative to the cartridge  102 . As shown, a second locking plate tab  121  is placed diametrically opposed from locking plate tab  120  and may be used in conjunction with stop tab  113  to prevent displacement. As shown, displacement of the piston  114  toward the proximal end is halted when locking plate tabs  120  and  121  contact the cartridge stop tabs  112  and  113 . 
     Turning to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , distal end views of the cartridge  102  with the locking plate  118  affixed to the piston  114  are shown.  FIG. 4  depicts the locking plate  118  in an open position, with locking plate tabs  120  and  121  not in contact with stop tabs  112  and  113 .  FIG. 5 , on the other hand, depicts a closed position of the locking plate  118  after rotating the plate tabs  120  and  121  with respect to the cartridge axis  102  such that plate tabs  120  and  121  contact stop tabs  112  and  113 . In the closed position, stop tabs  112  and  113  restrict the piston  114  from moving longitudinally within the cartridge. Further rotation of the piston and locking plate  118  shifts the locking plate  118  from stop tabs  112  and  113 , once again allowing the piston  114  to be displaced longitudinally inside the cartridge  102 . 
     Carrier Cap 
     Turning to  FIGS. 6 and 7 , perspective views of a carrier cap  200  are shown. The carrier cap  200  facilitates means of handling the cartridge  102 , which is particularly helpful when the cartridge  102  is hot. The carrier cap maintains a seal over the outlet  126  in the end plug  124 , which serves to avoid spilling hot resin if the cartridge  102  is tipped or dropped. The carrier cap  200  may be locked onto the cartridge  102  to maintain a seal over the cartridge  102  and end plug  124 . 
     As the carrier cap  200  is placed on the cartridge  102 , alignment faces in the carrier cap  200  align with coupling alignment faces  108  and  109  on the cartridge  102  to retain the cartridge  102  in position. With the locking handle  204  in the unlocked position  212 , the axial rotating sleeve  216  aligns with the coupling alignment faces  108  and  109  at the proximal end of cartridge  102 . The carrier cap  200  includes carrier cap alignment faces  218  and  219  that may be aligned with the cartridge alignment faces  108  and  109 . 
     Embodiments also include using the carrier cap  200  with the cartridge  102 , but without the end plug  124 . The carrier cap  200  may be designed to include features of the end plug  124 . The carrier cap  102  may include an inner gasket  220 . Such inner gasket  220  may include annular grooves that are fitted with O-ring seals and which are seated within the cartridge  102  to achieve a tight, friction fit. 
     In lifting, handling, and carrying the cartridge  102 , carrier handles  208  and  209  are included with the carrier cap  200 . Alternatively, there may be only one handle or multiple handles provided. The carrier handles  208  and  209  are useful because they provide a safe means for carrying the cartridge  102 , not only because the cartridge  102  may be heavy with resin or other materials, but also because the cartridge  102  may be at high or low temperatures. 
     A lock lever  204  included in the cartridge carrier cap  200  comprises a handle that can be put in at least two positions. The lock lever  204  may take the form of a handle that extends radially outward from the carrier cap  200  through a slot  205 , and which rotates in a plane perpendicular to the central axis of the carrier cap  200 , as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 . At one end of the slot  205 , the lock lever  204  may be positioned such that the carrier cap  200  is locked to the cartridge  102 . At this position, the lock lever  204  may be held fixed, for example, with a lock release pin K  206 , which comprises a pin that prevents the lock lever  204  from being rotated which could allow the carrier cap  200  to unintentionally open. There are many other ways to design a means to hold the lock lever  204  in place, including, but not limited to, pins, keys, cams, and actuators. Means may be used that provide a simple and safe method of removably maintaining the lock lever&#39;s  204  position. 
     At the other end of the slot  205  is a position that releases the carrier cap  200  from the cartridge  102 . Again, the lock lever  204  may be held fixed, this time at the unlocked position with, for example, a lock release pink K. The aforementioned means of retaining the lock lever  204  in place may be used. Disengaging the lock lever  204  from either the locked position or the unlocked position may be accomplished by pulling out lock pin K  206  and rotating the lock lever  204  around the axis and in the direction of the other position. 
     Lock release pin K  206  may be spring loaded to engage a hole in an internal plate attached to lock lever  204 . Lock release pin K  206  engages a hole at the lock position and at the unlock position to retain lock lever  204  in position. To change from lock position to unlock position, the lock pin may be pulled up while rotating locking handle  204 . To disengage the lock release pin K, the lock release pin K  206  may be pulled upward. Spring pressure causes lock release pin K  206  to engage a retaining hole when lever  204  is placed at either the lock or unlock position. Embodiments may include other locking means for restricting movement of the lock lever  204 . 
     As the lock lever  204  moves toward a locked position, it causes the sleeve  216  to rotate, which causes cap locking tabs  214  and  215  to engage the proximal coupling member  104  of the cartridge  102  at the coupling alignment faces  108  and  109 . Note that multiple tabs along the inner wall may be used to lock the carrier cap  200 . Thus, in a small number of steps and in a relatively quick period of time, the cartridge  102  may be locked securely to the carrier cap  200 . 
     Also, the carrier cap  200  is useful for removing cartridges from an oven and placing them into an injector system, although other uses may be helpful as well. For freezing the cartridge  102 , the end plug  125  or another temporary cap may be used to provide sealing means to protect the resin from contamination and moisture. 
     Degassing may be performed on the resin prior to placing it into the cartridge  102 . Alternatively, a degassing cycle may be performed on a cartridge  102  after it is filled with resin. The production process may run more efficiently if degassing is performed as a batch process before filling the cartridges  102 . Degassing may be performed after warming the cartridge  102 , but that may not be the optimal timing because at that point in the process, time is of the essence and the injection process should proceed. 
     When the carrier cap  200  is locked onto the cartridge  102 , the O-ring seal on the end plug  124  is pressed tightly between the end plug  124  and the inner shoulder  110  of the cartridge  102 , effectively sealing the cartridge  102 . 
     Note that the carrier cap  200  presses on the end plug  124 , but may not necessarily seal the end plug  124  to the cartridge  102 . The end plug  124  is held in position in the cartridge  102  by the friction of the end plug  124  and sealing o-ring. The tight fit of the carrier cap  200  to the cartridge  102  helps to ensure a tight grip on the cartridge  102  and prevent the cartridge  102  from moving around relative to the carrier cap  200 , possibly damaging it. 
     Injector System 
     When filled with resin and warmed, the cartridge  102  may be transferred to become part of an injector system  300 . Embodiments also include that the resin be warmed in the injector system  300 . Referring to  FIG. 8 , the injector system  300  comprises a movable base  302 , a control console  312 , an actuator  304 , a piston lock handle  306 , an injector housing  308 , the cartridge  102 , and an injector cap  400 . 
     The movable base  302  enables the injector system  300  to be contained as a single compact unit. As part of the movable base  302 , a platform  303  provides a place on which the other members of the system may rest, be mounted, or be otherwise secured. To make it more movable, the platform  303  may also be wheeled. Such mobility provides the system  300  with access to many different locations, including locations that may otherwise be difficult to reach. 
     Located on the movable base  302  is the control console  312 , which comprises system controls. Alternatively, controls may be provided through a remote computer station or other location not mounted to the movable base  302 . The control console  312  may display parameters for actuator pressure, heater temperature and resin flow rate. The control console  312  may also provide several operator interface controls to change parameter settings. A permanent mounting for the injector system, such as a press, may also serve as the base. 
     On top of the movable base can be found the injection members, comprising an actuator  304 , a rod end  408 , the piston  114 , the cartridge  102 , an injector housing  308 , and an injector cap  400 , as shown in  FIG. 9 . 
     The actuator  304 , or linear motion instrument, is used to drive the piston  114 . Specific types of actuators that may be used include screw jacks, ball screws, roller screws, air cylinders, hydraulics, and rack and pinions. The actuator  304 , as shown, comprises an air cylinder  402 , an actuation rod  404 , and a piston lock actuation mechanism  406 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , the actuation rod  404  includes a rod end  408  configured to align with key opening  122  of the locking plate  118 . The actuation rod  404  may further include a release lock  504  and a quick latch lever  506   
     Piston  114  is typically in the locked position when inserted into the injector. As the cartridge  102  is inserted into the injector, key opening  122  aligns with the flat sides of rod end  408  and locking plate  118  moves past unlocked release lock  504 . With the locking plate below the release lock  504  and locking plate and locking plate  118  in the closed position, the piston  114  may be locked to the end of the actuator  304 . Location faces  108  and  109  on the proximal end of  102  align with locking tabs  112  and  113  on the distal end. This enables the user to orient the cartridge  102  by a simple observation of alignment faces  108  and  109  on the proximal end of the cartridge  102  rather than view the distal region of the cartridge  102 . 
     Knowing the orientation of the key opening  122 , the user places the cartridge  102  on the actuation rod end  408  such that the actuation rod end  408  aligns with the key opening  122 . Once fully aligned, the actuation rod end  408  is situated or fitted into the key opening  122 . Thus, rotational restriction of the actuator rod end  408  restricts the piston  114  from axially rotation. 
     When the actuation rod end  408  is properly inserted into the key opening  122 , the release lock  504  may be activated, or caused to actuate, by the quick latch lever  506 . The quick latch lever  506  can be a type of release structure, such as a ball lock, that extends radially outward to engage the inner walls of the lock plate  118 . The quick latch  506  may comprise other configurations also. 
     For assembly purposes, the cartridge  102  may be first inserted within the cartridge housing  308 . Then, the quick latch lever  506  may be actuated to lock the piston  114  onto the actuator. Following the piston being locked, the cartridge  102  may be rotated after the injector cap  400  is installed. 
     During cleaning, the locking plate  118  may remain attached to the piston  114 . 
     Properly aligned, the rod end  408  extends into the cartridge  102  when the actuator  304  is pressurized from the air cylinder  402 , displacing the piston  114  longitudinally within the cartridge  102 . 
     Containing the cartridge  102 , the injector housing  308  is used in conjunction with the actuator  304 . Such injector housing  308  may be fastened, connected, or secured to the actuator  304 . Although the injector housing  308  contains the cartridge  102 , it also serves as a structural member to react to the forces imparted on the cartridge during pressurization. Also note that the cartridge  102  and the injector housing  308  are designed not only to withstand high pressures and a vacuum in general, but also high temperatures. 
       FIG. 14  depicts a piston lock  306  positioned at the junction between the injector housing  308  and actuator  304 . The piston lock  306  may comprise an actuator which locks and unlocks a latch on the actuation rod  404  (rod end  408 ). When a cartridge  102  is inserted into the injector housing  308 , the piston lock  306  may be used to lock the actuation rod end  408  to the piston  114 , and thus the cartridge  102 . 
     The injector housing  308  may include two heater sleeves  410  and  411  that form a cylindrical insulating cuff around the cartridge  102 . With one side of the heater sleeve  410  hinged to one side of the other heater sleeve  411 , the two heater sleeves  410  and  411  are hinged together such that they can open and close. Heater sleeves  410  and  411  may be rounded and curved to form a cylinder or some other figure when closed. When open, heater sleeves  410  and  411  may receive the cartridge  102 . When closed, heater sleeves  410  and  411  tightly surround and cuff the walls of the cartridge  102 . 
     The heater sleeves  410  and  411  may provide heat to the cartridge  102  by using the control console  312 . Such heating may be performed with electric or fluid exchange heaters. Accordingly, the temperature of the cartridge  102  and its contents may be monitored and changed as needed. Alternatively, temperature and heat exchange may be automated. Also, the heat sleeves  410  and  411  may provide no heat. Regardless of whether or not heat is emitted, the heater sleeves  410  and  411  may be configured to provide insulation to maintain the cartridge at its elevated temperature. 
     For purposes that include supporting the cartridge  102  as it is inserted into the injector housing  308 , embodiments of the injector housing  308  may include wear strips  414 . For example, Teflon strips may coat or serve as a lining on the inner walls of the injector housing  308 . Wear strips  414  may also be mounted at the mating sides of the heater sleeves  410  and  411 , or in other words, the sides that come into contact when the heater sleeves  410  and  411  close together. 
     As part of the initial setup of the injection system, the carrier cap  200  may be used to carry cartridge  102  to the injector housing  308  and insert the cartridge  102  into the proximal end of the open injector housing  308 . As cartridge  102  is inserted, notches  132  and  133  and coupling alignment faces  108  and  109  may be used to align the key opening  114  with actuation rod end for proper positioning of the cartridge. The piston lock  306  may then be used to lock the actuation rod  404  and rod end  408  to piston lock plate  118  and thus the cartridge  102 . The carrier cap  200  may then be removed by disengaging the lock pin K and rotating lock lever  204  from the locked position and then removing the carrier cap  200  from the cartridge  102 . Then, the injector cap  400  may be placed over the proximal end of the injector housing  308  and the cartridge  102 , the cartridge  102  now locked within the injector housing  308 . Alignment faces  606  and  607  inside injector cap  400  may be used to match up with cartridge alignment faces  108  and  109  to ensure proper alignment of cap  310  and cartridge  102 . The injector housing  308  includes injector cap locking tabs  612  and  613  which lock the injector cap  400  to the injector housing  308 . 
     Injector Cap 
     Referring to  FIGS. 12 and 13 , the injector cap  400  is shown in two perspective views, the injector cap  400  comprising an injection line fitting  604 , a quick connect  608 , annular grooves  610 , injector cap locking tabs  612  and  613 , cartridge alignment faces  606  and  607 , and injector cap handles  602  and  603 . Injector cap  400  may close and seal the proximal opening of the injector housing  308  and lock the cartridge  102  in place. 
     In  FIG. 14 , a cross sectional view of the cartridge  102  in the injector housing  308  is shown. 
       FIGS. 15-17  show the injector housing  308  with sleeves  410  in an open position, an exploded view of the injector cap  400  and cartridge  102  in alignment with the injector housing  410 , and the injector cap  400  locked to the cartridge  102  with the injector housing  410  in a closed position, respectively. 
     As an overview, the process of securing the injector cap  400  to the cartridge  102  and injector housing  410  is advantageous because it combines multiple steps in one. In a simple axial twist of a properly aligned injector cap  400 , the axial twist causes the injector cap  400  to be locked to the injector housing  410  and thus secure the cartridge  102 ; the axial twist causes the heater sleeves  410  and  411  to form a cylindrical closure around the cartridge  102 ; and finally, the axial twist causes the cartridge  102  to axially rotate, thus causing stop tabs  112  and  113  to rotate away from the locking plate tabs  120  and  121 , thus allowing longitudinal displacement of the piston  114  within the cartridge  102 . Rod end  408  restricts piston  114  from rotation so locking tabs  120  and  121  remain stationary as tabs  112  and  113  rotate with the rotation of the cartridge  102 . Such a feature allows efficient, fast and easy movements that avoid exposure to harsh chemicals and dangerous acts. 
     To properly secure the injector cap  400  and cartridge  102  to the injector housing  410 , the injector cap  400  may be properly aligned with the cartridge  102  and the injector housing  410 . To properly place the injector cap  400  on the cartridge  102 , the injector cap  400  may be placed on the cartridge  102 , with diametrically opposed injector cap alignment faces  606  and  607  (see  FIG. 13 ) aligned with cartridge alignment faces  108  and  109  (see  FIG. 5 ). To properly place the injector cap  400  on the injector housing  410 , the injector cap locking tabs  612  and  613  may be aligned with the injector housing tab receivers  614  and  616  (see  FIG. 23 ). 
     After the injector cap  400  is properly aligned with the cartridge  102  and the injector housing  410 , the injector cap  400  may be secured to the injector housing  308  by a simple axial rotation of the injector cap  400 . As the injector cap  308  is axially rotated, injector cap locking tabs  612  and  613  (see  FIG. 13 ) of the injector cap  400  move away from the housing tab receivers  614  and  616  to slidably engage with the injector housing locking tabs  618  and  620  (see  FIGS. 22 and 23 ). The housing locking tabs  618  and  620  prevent the injector cap locking tabs  612  and  613  from being removed and thus secure the injector cap  400  to the injector housing. This also effectively secures the cartridge  102  within the injector housing. 
     The process of aligning the injector housing  308  and the injector cap  400  with the cartridge  102  may be discerned from  FIG. 16 . As stated above, these acts of alignment and axial twist are beneficial because they provide for a fast, easy, and efficient securement of the injector cap  400  to the injector housing. 
     Moreover, closure of the injector housing may also be accomplished as the injector cap  400  is being axially rotated to secure the injector cap  400  to the injector housing. Thus, in an efficient and relatively easy manner, the injector cap may be secured to the injector housing and the injector housing closed in one axially rotational movement. 
     Note that the injector cap  400  holds the cartridge end plug  124  in place and contains the pressure during injection. 
     Turning to the distal end of the cartridge  102 , another fast and efficient locking feature may be seen by the axially rotational movement described above. When the injector cap  308  is aligned with the cartridge  102 , rotation of the injector cap  400  causes a similar rotation of the cartridge  102 . As the cartridge  102  rotates, the key opening  122  of the locking plate  118  aligns with the rod end  408  of the actuation rod  404 . Because the actuation rod  404  is not free to rotate axially, the aligned actuation rod  404  restricts the piston  114  from axial rotation. Embodiments may include variable rotational freedom. 
     Also, aligned rotation of the cartridge  102  and the injector cap  308  causes the locking plate tabs  120  and  121  to rotate away from stop tabs  112  and  113 , thus allowing longitudinal displacement of the piston  114  within the cartridge  102 . Rotation by the user may be accomplished by rotating the injector cap handles  602  and  603  when locking the cap  400  into the injector  308 . 
     With the actuation rod end  408  fitted into the key opening  122 , as the injector cap  400  rotates 90°, simultaneously rotating the cartridge  102 , the locking plate  118  and piston  114  do not move because they are fixed to the actuator rod end  408 . Therefore, the stop tabs  112  and  113  of the cartridge  102  rotate away from locking plate tabs  120  and  121 . Rotating away from the stop tabs  112  and  113  unlocks the piston  114  so that it can be displaced longitudinally within the cartridge  102 . 
     The quick connect  608  has annular grooves  610  on which an  0 -ring may be fitted. The quick connect  608  serves to seal the end plug opening with a resin transfer tube, the resin quick connect, and the injection line fitting. Also, the undersurface of the injector cap  308  may apply pressure to hold the end plug  124  in place. The end plug  124  applies pressure, effectively sealing the proximal end of the cartridge  102  in a tight and rigid manner. 
     The injection line fitting  604  provides an opening at the proximal end of the injector cap  308  which allows a resin injection tube to be connected, the resin injection tube carrying resin to a mold. The injection line fitting  604  may have a threaded tubing connection or annular grooves to hold O-rings that may seal the connection with a quick connect device. 
     Note that the injection line fitting and cartridge resin outlet could be positioned at or near the proximal end of the cartridge  102 , and is not restricted to the end only. 
     Referring to  FIG. 19 , a cartridge  102 , end plug  124 , a vacuum test base  702 , and vacuum insert  704  are shown in an unconnected state. The cartridge  102  may be connected to the leak station  702  forming a leak test station. For assembly purposes, the cartridge  102  may be initially put together following steps described previously. Such steps may includes installing the O-rings  220  (not shown) and the piston (not shown). 
     The piston may be locked by rotation of the cartridge relative to the piston, noting that the piston and cartridge features work together to facilitate the quick rotational movements for locking and unlocking. Steps may further include attaching the end plug  124 . The cartridge  102  may then be placed onto the vacuum test base  702  with an opening of the end plug  124  allowing the vacuum insert  704  to be inserted. Modified steps or additional steps are also envisioned. 
     Note that the vacuum test base  702  has a quick connect feature. Thus, no tools may be necessary to attach the cartridge  102  to the vacuum stand  702 . Quick connection is made possible by the vacuum insert  704  being the same type of O-ring quick connect as the end plug  124 . 
     With the cartridge  102  attached, the cartridge  102  may be tested for leakage and other related properties. If the cartridge  102  passes the test, the cartridge  102  may be transferred to another station, such as the fill station. 
       FIG. 20  shows the cleaning station which comprises the cartridge  102 , a cleaning station base  706 , and a cleaning cup  708 . Here, the cartridge  102  may be placed on to the cleaning station base  706  with the end plug  124  engaging or otherwise connecting with the cleaning cup  708 . This process may include inner side of alignment faces  108  and  109  being aligned with counter alignment faces on the cleaning cup  708  or other surface of the cleaning station base  706 . After placement or connection, a vacuum is drawn on the cartridge  102  and cleaning cup  708 . This process pulls the piston  114  within the cartridge  102  and towards the cleaning cup  708 , which has the effect of wiping the inner cartridge surface clean. Note that both the piston  114  and the end plug  124  may drop into the proximal side of the cartridge  102  as a result of the process. The vacuum cleans the cartridge  102 , the piston  114 , and the end plug  124 . 
     Note that unlocking and removing the piston  114  is quick and efficient because of the synergy created by the design features. With the design of the piston stop tabs  112  and  113  within the cartridge  102 , the piston  114 , piston locking plate  118 , and locking plate tabs  120  and  121 , quick unlocking and removal of the piston  114  (and injector cap  400 ) for an efficient cleaning process is achieved. 
       FIG. 21  shows a visual that describes how resin is injected. Enlarged views show resin in a cartridge  102  being sucked by a vacuum through a resin fill attachment  802  and being infused into dry fabric  804  or other material. An enlargement of an enlarged view of the fabric shows how the resin is applied within the fabric  804  under high pressure. 
       FIG. 24  depicts a resin fill attachment  802 . The resin fill attachment  802  may be inserted into the cartridge  102  as shown in  FIG. 21 . A vacuum may be drawn with a vacuum connection at the other end of the cartridge  102 . Resin may be connected to the fill tube on the end shown with a curved neck. Resin is then pumped into the cartridge  102 . Once the resin is pumped into the cartridge  102 , the vacuum and the resin fill attachment may be removed. 
       FIG. 25  shows a vacuum test base  702  as used for the leak test station and a console  902 . A console may be used to house controls to monitor testing. Controls may be used for things such as vacuum levels, leak rate, timer, and of/off switches, etc.. 
     Referring to  FIG. 18 , a flowchart shows the life cycle of a cartridge  102  that may include cleaning, refilling, sealing, receiving, storing, assembling, and transporting the cartridge  102 . 
     An overview of the process described below may have steps in order that vary from the order listed. One or more processes may be completed by human or mechanical operation. The steps may be performed in a different order than what is provided. Also, one or more steps may be omitted. Finally, additional steps may be added to the steps provided. 
     Clean the Cartridge 
     Cleaning the cartridge can include: 
     Remove piston and end plug, 
     Clean resin from parts, 
     Assemble piston and end plug in cartridge, 
     Assemble and test the cartridge, 
     Test cartridge seals, 
     Fill cartridge with a measured amount of prepared and degassed resin, 
     Seal the cartridge with the end plug cap. 
     Place Cartridge in Cold Storage. 
     Transport the cartridge to an RTM Production Facility. Shipping container may facilitate cold storage. This may include the use of dry ice or other cold mediums. Embodiments also include that the container be held in cold storage. 
     Workers warm the resin cartridge, place it in an injector, and inject the resin into a mold during the RTM process. 
     Workers at the RTM production facility place the empty cartridges into boxes and ship them back to the 
     Cartridge Refill Facility. 
     Return shipping requirements may require; 
     Specialized shipping container to avoid damage during transit. 
     Shipping container for returning ship may be the same used to ship filled containers to the facility, 
     At the clean and refill facility, the empty cartridges are remove from shipping containers and placed in the queue for cleaning. 
     Receiving Requirement: 
     Cartridge should have means of serial number identifications which could include one or more; engraving; tags, RFID, data/part tracking system capable of following cartridge throughout the entire refill process, and require data acquisition system throughout plant 
     Conveyor systems for transport cartridges through cleaning, assembly, test, refill, sealing, and shipping. This might include one or more of a conveyor system, data entry at multiple stations, handling equipment at different stations, and cartridge may go to heated oven to cure resin remaining in cartridge prior to clean. This may require a curing oven with racks to hold cartridges. 
     Clean Cartridge 
     Unlock piston—rotate 90°—Note: Unlocking and removing the piston is quick and efficient because of the synergy created by the unique design features. The unique design of the piston stop tab in the cartridge, the piston, piston locking plate and locking plate tab allow the quick unlocking and removal of the piston (and end plug) for an efficient cleaning process. 
     Extract Piston and End Plug 
     Note: Cylinder and piston design allows vacuum to be used for extraction. 
     Clean the Cartridge, Piston, and End Plug. 
     Several different methods can be used. Using a vacuum is one suitable method. This can be accomplished by inverting the cylinder and placing it on a special cleaning apparatus, and drawing a vacuum on the cylinder. Vacuum pulls the piston down, wiping the inner surface clean. Vacuum continues to draw the piston down, pulling both the piston and end plug out. 
     Other suitable systems for cleaning include: 
     cleaning all surfaces with solvent, 
     dry blasting where a blasting nozzle shoots particles of dry ice which freezes the resin and blasts it off of the surface, 
     curing the resin, after curing the resin flakes off the cartridge surfaces, and 
     wiping surfaces clean. 
     A suitable systems for cleaning would suitably include; 
     Apparatus to receive cartridge, 
     Tooling or fixturing to orient and position the cartridge, Robotics or automation equipment may be used to do this, 
     Apparatus to unlock piston, 
     Apparatus to extract piston and end plug, 
     Apparatus to position piston, cartridge, and plug prior to clean, 
     Apparatus to contain resin during cleaning 
     Further for the cleaning apparatus may include: 
     Automation equipment, 
     Robotics, 
     Manual tooling and labor, 
     Assemble and Test Cartridge 
     Assembling and testing the cartridge suitable includes; 
     Install o-rings (new or cleaned), 
     Install piston, 
     Lock piston, Note: Piston and cartridge features work together to facilitate the quick 90° lock and unlock feature. 
     Install end plug, 
     Place the inverted cartridge assembly on the vacuum test base. Note: The test stand has a quick connect feature. No tools are needed to attach the cylinder to the test stand because the vacuum connect has the same type of (o-ring) quick connect as the end plug. The test station connection fits right into the end plug. 
     Assembly and Test Requirements may include; 
     Manual tooling or equipment for installation of o-rings on piston and end plug, 
     Installation of the piston may be done by vacuum, tooling, equipment (manually or automatically operated), 
     Installation of the piston may be done by tooling or equipment (manually or automatically operated), 
     Testing by quick connect/disconnect either manually or automatically. This requires the use of quick connect features on the cartridge, 
     Log test data and reject/accept cartridge (manually or automatically), 
     Rotate the piston 90° to lock it. 
     If it passes the test, it goes to the fill station. 
     Fill Cartridge 
     Place assembled cartridge on the fill station. 
     Place fill cap on cartridge. Note: The fill station cartridge connection has the same type of (o-ring) quick connect as the cylinder end plug, providing a quick connection that seals and holds a vacuum on the cylinder. 
     Draw a vacuum on the cartridge. This reduces the possibility of trapping air inside of the cartridge. 
     Note: The piston locking plate tab engages with the piston stop tab in the cartridge to hold the piston in place while the cylinder is under vacuum. 
     Pump resin into the cartridge. 
     Measure the Resin Volume. Note: Resin degassing can be conducted prior to filling the cartridge (such as in a batch process), or it can be done after resin is in the cartridge. The vacuum in the cartridge assists resin flow. 
     Resin volume injected into the cartridge can be measured by a variety of methods. 
     Determine volume by weight. The fill station can have a scale for this purpose. 
     Measure volume by resin pump displacement. 
     Inject a pre-measured volume such as dispensing from a measured container. 
     Various other volume measurement methods are suitable. 
     Requirements for Filling 
     Filling requirements may suitably include, 
     Apparatus to measure/meter resin volume, 
     Apparatus to degas resin in an efficient method such as by, for example, batch processing, or multiple individual cartridge degassing stations. 
     Method of attaching filling equipment quickly to cartridge 
     Inventory system for tracking on incoming raw material (resin) 
     Cold storage for raw material (resin) storage 
     Equipment for the preparation of resin prior to use at the degas/metering devices. 
     An exemplary degassing process may include; 
     Heat cartridge, 
     Open cartridge, 
     Load cartridge into degas/metering device, 
     Data entry for tracking of resin processes including (time, temperature, manufacturers lot number). 
     Degassing systems may also include; 
     Containers for handling batches of resin, 
     Could be portable for transport through facility to different stations (i.e. degas, fill), 
     Apparatus Can be dual purpose for both degassing and to act as filling reservoir. 
     Transfer of resin to cartridge may suitable be accomplished by one or more systems including; 
     Pumping 
     Pressurization of container 
     Reciprocating pistons 
     Measurement of resin requires 
     Weighing equipment 
     Volumetric measuring equipment 
     Data acquisition for recording resin fill volume 
     Quality control equipment for certifying resin filled into cartridge is not contaminated or out of spec, 
     Testing equipment/lab for quality control of resin properties 
     Seal the Cartridge 
     The cartridge is sealed as follows; 
     Place the cap insert device on the cartridge and draw a vacuum. 
     Insert the end plug cap. A plunger may be used to insert a cap into the end plug outlet. (cap can be disposable or reusable). The plunger extends inside the cap and inserts the outlet cap. 
     Vacuum draws the outlet cap into the cartridge. The end plug cap provides a vacuum seal against air and moisture during storage. Cap can maintain a vacuum seal to protect against air moisture, etc. 
     Requirements for Sealing 
     A suitable system for a sealing system may include, 
     Apparatus to draw vacuum on cartridge while inserting sealing cap. 
     Plugs which can be prepared with quick sealing features and quick connection to the cartridge. 
     This may include press fit or expanding materials (i.e. rubber, plastics) 
     Place the Cartridge in Cold Storage 
     The cartridge may be placed in a freezer for storage. 
     Requirements for Cold Storage 
     A cold storage system may suitable contain one or more; 
     Automated or manual packaging equipment, 
     Data entry to record cartridges in inventory, 
     Temperature tracking device included with each shipping container, 
     Refrigerated storage large enough for forklift/heavy transport devices, 
     Means of identifying each shipping container both visual and electronic, 
     Mukluks, mittens, beanies, 
     Placing cartridge in shipping container 
     Ship the Cartridge to the RTM Production Facility 
     Place cartridges in special shipping containers for cold transport to the RTM production facility. 
     Requirements for Shipping 
     Requirement for shipping may include; 
     Cold transportation by means of refrigerated truck or addition of dry ice to shipping container, 
     Quality tracking system and printed/electronic documentation which goes with shipping container.