Abstract:
Disclosed are a USB peripheral apparatus capable of reducing transmission power of a transmission terminal circuit by significantly increasing resistance values of terminations provided at the transmission terminal circuit and a reception terminal circuit as compared with a specific impedance value of a transmission line, and a transmission power reduction method thereof.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The present invention relates to a USB peripheral apparatus, and more particularly, to a USB peripheral apparatus capable of reducing transmission power and a transmission power reduction method thereof. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0004]    In the present time, as a USB communication scheme is extensively used in a portable mobile device and the like, a circuit used for USB communication has a large influence on power consumption of a portable apparatus. 
         [0005]    Between a host and a device in a USB 2.0 interface, the host is a PC (Personal Computer) and the device is various types of peripheral devices including portable devices such as a memory stick, a cellular phone, a smart phone, or an iPad. 
         [0006]    When transmission power of the circuit used for the USB communication is reduced, the use time of the portable apparatus including a battery with limited power increases. 
         [0007]    In a USB peripheral apparatus of a USB 2.0 standard, a part using the largest power is a high speed driving circuit. 
         [0008]    In the USB 2.0 standard, when the high speed driving circuit transmits data to an external device connected to the USB peripheral apparatus, it is necessary to maintain constant output voltage swing of 400 mV. The voltage swing value is decided by a termination resistance value of a reception circuit, a termination resistance value of a transmission circuit, and a supply current of the high speed driving circuit. 
         [0009]    With the recommendation of the USB 2.0 standard, since the termination resistance values of a transmission termination and a reception termination are set to 45Ω, the current of the high speed driving circuit is about 18 mA in order to maintain the output voltage swing of 400 mV. 
         [0010]    Since the current of the high speed driving circuit occupies about 40% of the total current used in the USB peripheral apparatus, when the amount of the current of the high speed driving circuit is reduced, the total power consumption of the USB peripheral apparatus is significantly reduced. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    Accordingly, the present invention has been made in an effort to solve the problems occurring in the related art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a USB peripheral apparatus that allows a USB host apparatus to recognize the USB peripheral apparatus as an apparatus of a USB 2.0 standard by significantly increasing a resistance value of a termination resistor than before to reduce transmission power when the USB peripheral apparatus is in a transmission mode and by changing the resistance value of the termination resistor to an existing resistance value when the USB peripheral apparatus is in a reception mode or a standby mode, and a transmission power reduction method thereof. 
         [0012]    In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a USB peripheral apparatus including: a transmission unit that transmits input data to an already connected external USB host apparatus when an operation mode of the USB peripheral apparatus is a transmission mode; a reception unit that receives data from the USB peripheral host when the USB peripheral apparatus is in a reception mode; a termination resistor unit that has a first resistance value and is connected to the transmission unit and the reception unit; and a control unit that detects whether the operation mode of the USB peripheral apparatus is one of the transmission mode and the reception mode, and controls the first resistance value of the termination resistor unit to be changed to a second resistance value corresponding to the detected operation mode. 
         [0013]    In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a transmission power reduction method of a USB peripheral apparatus connected to a USB host apparatus and transmits/receives data to/from the USB host apparatus, which includes the steps of: detecting whether an operation mode of the USB peripheral apparatus is one of a transmission mode and a reception mode; changing an initial first resistance value of a termination resistor unit connected to a transmission unit of the USB peripheral apparatus to a second resistance value that is twice or more as large as the first resistance value when the USB peripheral apparatus is in the transmission mode as a result of the detection; transmitting data, which is inputted after the first resistance value is changed to the second resistance value, to the USB host apparatus; and changing the changed second resistance value to the first resistance value when the USB peripheral apparatus is in the reception mode as the result of the detection. 
         [0014]    In accordance with the USB peripheral apparatus and the transmission power reduction method thereof according to the present invention, when the USB peripheral apparatus is in a transmission mode, a resistance value of a termination resistor is significantly increased than before, so that it is possible to significantly reduce transmission power. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0015]    The above objects, and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent after a reading of the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which: 
           [0016]      FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a system including a USB peripheral apparatus  100  and a USB host apparatus  500  according to the present invention; 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a USB peripheral apparatus  100  according to the present invention; 
           [0018]      FIG. 3  is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a termination resistor unit of a USB peripheral apparatus according to the present invention; 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  is a flow diagram illustrating the transmission power reduction process of a USB peripheral apparatus according to the present invention; 
           [0020]      FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating the driving timing of a USB peripheral apparatus according to the present invention; 
           [0021]      FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating the driving timing of a transmission unit; 
           [0022]      FIG. 7  is an EYE diagram for voltages of USB terminals DP and DM through SPICE simulation when a USB peripheral apparatus according to the present invention is in a transmission mode; and 
           [0023]      FIG. 8  is an EYE diagram for voltages through SPICE simulation when a USB peripheral apparatus according to the present invention is in a reception mode. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0024]    Reference will now be made in greater detail to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts. 
         [0025]    A USB peripheral apparatus of the present invention is connected to a USB host apparatus, has a speed of 480 Mbps or more, and is a high speed USB peripheral apparatus conforming to a USB 2.0 standard. 
         [0026]    The USB peripheral apparatus according to the present invention is prepared in the form of a module or a unit, wherein the USB peripheral apparatus in the form of a module or a unit may be mounted in a portable terminal. 
         [0027]    The portable terminal may include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a notebook computer (a laptop computer), a terminal for digital broadcasting, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistants), a PMP (Portable Multimedia Player), a navigation, a MP3 player and the like. 
         [0028]      FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating a system including a USB peripheral apparatus  100  and a USB host apparatus  500  according to the present invention. 
         [0029]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is connected to the USB host apparatus  500  through a data cable in a wire manner, transmits data selected by a user from data in the USB peripheral apparatus  100  to the USB host apparatus  500  when the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is in a transmission mode, and receives data from the USB host apparatus  500  when the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is in a reception mode. 
         [0030]    In the present invention, when the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is in the transmission mode, a resistance value of a termination connected to a transmission unit in the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is allowed to increase to a second resistance value that is twice or more as large as an initial first resistance value, so that it is possible to considerably reduce transmission power of data to be transmitted to the USB host apparatus  500 . 
         [0031]    However, when transmission voltage swing of the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is different from transmission voltage swing defined in the USB 2.0 standard, there may occur a problem that the USB host apparatus  500  may recognize that the USB peripheral apparatus  100  connected to the USB host apparatus  500  is not a high speed apparatus of the USB 2.0 standard, or a connection between the USB host apparatus  500  and the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is blocked. 
         [0032]    In this regard, in the present invention, in the case of transmitting, to the USB host apparatus  500 , a chirp signal that is used when the USB host apparatus  500  recognizes whether the USB peripheral apparatus  100  connected to the USB host apparatus  500  is a high speed apparatus of the USB 2.0 standard, transmission power of the chirp signal is changed to transmission power at the time of the existing first resistance value, thereby allowing the USB host apparatus  500  to recognize the USB peripheral apparatus  100  connected to the USB host apparatus  500  as the high speed apparatus of the USB 2.0 standard. 
         [0033]    Furthermore, in the present invention, when the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is in the reception mode or a standby mode other than the transmission mode, the increased second resistance value is changed to the original first resistance value, thereby allowing the USB peripheral apparatus  100  connected to the USB host apparatus  500  to be recognized as the high speed apparatus of the USB 2.0 standard. 
         [0034]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the USB peripheral apparatus  100  according to the present invention. 
         [0035]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , the USB peripheral apparatus  100  according to the present invention includes a transmission unit  110 , a reception unit  120 , a termination resistor unit  130 , a memory  140 , a power supply  150 , a sub-power supply  160 , and a control unit  170 . 
         [0036]    The transmission unit  110  transmits data selected by a user to the USB host apparatus  500  under the control of the control unit  170  when the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is connected to the USB host apparatus  500 . 
         [0037]    The reception unit  120  receives data from the USB host apparatus  500 . 
         [0038]    The termination resistor unit  130  is provided to a transmission line between the transmission unit  110  and the USB host apparatus  500  and/or a transmission line between the reception unit  120  and the USB host apparatus  500 , and has first and second resistance values according to the present invention. 
         [0039]    The first resistance value of the termination resistor unit  130  is an initial resistance value and may be 45Ω written in the USB 2.0 standard, and the second resistance value is twice or more as large as the 45Ω in order to reduce the transmission power of the transmission unit  110  according to the present invention. 
         [0040]    The termination resistor unit  130  may include variable resistors that may have the first and second resistance values, and in this case, a resistance value of the variable resistor is changed from the first resistance value to the second resistance value or from the second resistance value to the first resistance value under the control of the control unit  170 . 
         [0041]    That is, when it is detected that a current operation mode of the transmission unit  110  is the transmission mode, the control unit  170  changes the resistance value of the variable resistor from the first resistance value to the second resistance value, and when it is detected that the current operation mode of the transmission unit  110  is the reception mode or the standby mode, the control unit  170  maintains the resistance value of the variable resistor as the first resistance value or changes the second resistance value to the first resistance value. 
         [0042]    As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the termination resistor unit  130  may include first and second termination resistors  131  and  132  having the first and second resistance values, and a switching element  133  that switches the first and second termination resistors  131  and  132 . 
         [0043]      FIG. 3  is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the termination resistor unit according to the present invention. 
         [0044]    As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the termination resistor unit  130  includes the first termination resistor  131  (R1) having the initial first resistance value 45Ω the second termination resistor  132  (R2) having the second resistance value that is twice or more as large as the first resistance value, and the switching element  133  that connects one of the first and second termination resistors  131  and  132  to the transmission unit  110  or the reception unit  120  under the control of the control unit  170 . 
         [0045]    That is, when it is detected that the current operation mode of the transmission unit  110  is the transmission mode, the control unit  170  controls the switching element  133  such that the second termination resistor  132  is connected to the transmission line of the transmission unit  110 , and when it is detected that the current operation mode of the transmission unit  110  is the reception mode or the standby mode, the control unit  170  controls the switching element  133  such that the first termination resistor  131  is connected to the transmission line of the reception unit  120 . 
         [0046]    The memory  140  may store a program for processing and control of the control unit  170 , or may also perform a function of temporarily storing input/output data (for example, a moving image file, a music file, a data file and the like). 
         [0047]    The power supply  150  receives power of the USB host apparatus  500  or internal power to supply power necessary for operations of the elements of the USB peripheral apparatus  100  under the control of the control unit  170 . 
         [0048]    The sub-power supply  160  supplies power to the transmission unit  110  under the control of the control unit  170  such that the transmission power of the chirp signal is existing transmission power when the transmission unit  110  transmits the chirp signal to the USB host apparatus  500 . 
         [0049]    That is, when a current period is a period of transmitting a chirp signal for informing the USB host apparatus  500  that the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is an apparatus of the USB 2.0 standard, the control unit  170  blocks power supplied from the power supply  150  to the transmission unit  110  by using transmission power supplied from the power supply  150  in the case of the second resistance value, and supplies the transmission unit  110  with transmission power supplied from the sub-power supply  160  in the case of the first resistance value, thereby allowing the USB host apparatus  500  to recognize the USB peripheral apparatus  100  as a high speed apparatus of the USB 2.0 standard. 
         [0050]    The control unit  170  controls the general operation of the USB peripheral apparatus  100 , and a detailed operation of the control unit  170  according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
         [0051]      FIG. 4  is a flow diagram illustrating the transmission power reduction process of the USB peripheral apparatus according to the present invention. 
         [0052]    Referring to  FIG. 4 , when it is detected that the USB peripheral apparatus  100  has been connected to the USB host apparatus  500  [S 110 ], the control unit  170  checks whether the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is a high speed apparatus through a chirp signal. When it is checked that the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is the high speed apparatus, the control unit  170  detects whether a current operation mode of the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is the transmission mode or the reception mode/the standby mode [S 120 ]. 
         [0053]    When a transmission valid signal TXVALID is received from an upper layer SIE of a physical layer including the transmission unit  110 , the reception unit  120 , and the termination resistor unit  130  through a UMTI (USB 2.0 Transceiver Macrocell Interface), the control unit  170  detects that the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is in the transmission mode, and when the transmission valid signal TXVALID is not received, the control unit  170  detects that the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is in the reception mode or the standby mode. 
         [0054]    As described above, in the case in which the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is in the transmission mode [S 130 ], the control unit  170  changes the initial first resistance value of the termination resistor unit  130  to the second resistance value that is twice or more as large as the first resistance value [S 140 ], and transmits data inputted or selected by a user to the USB host apparatus  500  [S 150 ]. 
         [0055]    At this time, when the transmission voltage swing of the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is different from the transmission voltage swing defined in the USB 2.0 standard, there may occur a problem that the USB host apparatus  500  may recognize that the USB peripheral apparatus  100  connected to the USB host apparatus  500  is not the high speed apparatus of the USB 2.0 standard, or a connection between the USB host apparatus  500  and the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is blocked. 
         [0056]    That is, for example, after the USB peripheral apparatus  100  of the USB 2.0 standard is initialized and enters a reset state, handshaking is performed between the USB host apparatus  500  and the USB peripheral apparatus  100  in order to check whether the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is an apparatus capable of performing high speed transmission/reception of the USB 2.0 standard, wherein a signal transmitted for the handshaking is called a chirp signal. 
         [0057]    The chirp signal should have a value of 0 mV or 800 mV according to the USB 2.0 standard. However, when the transmission unit  110  transmits the chirp signal, since the termination resistor unit  130  is separated from an output terminal to which a USB cable has been connected, resistance at the output terminal is only 45Ω of the USB host apparatus  500 . That is, in order to generate 800 mV (the swing voltage of the chirp signal) in the resistance 45Ω of the USB host apparatus  500 , a driving current value based on the transmission power of the transmission unit  110  should be about 18 mV. 
         [0058]    Accordingly, in the case of transmitting, to the USB host apparatus  500 , the chirp signal for informing whether the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is an apparatus of the USB 2.0 standard, the sub-power supply  160  is controlled to change the transmission power of the chirp signal to transmission power in the case of the existing first resistance value, thereby allowing the USB host apparatus  500  to recognize the USB peripheral apparatus  100  as the high speed apparatus of the USB 2.0 standard. 
         [0059]    As the detection result of step S 120 , in the case in which the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is in the reception mode or the standby mode [S 160 ], the control unit  170  maintains a first resistance value when the current resistance value of the termination resistor unit  130  is the first resistance value or changes a second resistance value to the first resistance value when the current resistance value of the termination resistor unit  130  is the second resistance value [S 170 ], and receives data from the USB host apparatus  500  [S 180 ]. 
         [0060]      FIG. 5  is a diagram illustrating the driving timing of the USB peripheral apparatus according to the present invention. 
         [0061]    Referring to  FIG. 5 , when the transmission unit  110  of the USB peripheral apparatus  100  operates to transmit data, after the transmission valid signal TXVALID received from the upper layer SIE through the UMTI interface is changed to an activated state “1”, the transmission unit  110  starts to transmit data after two clocks or three clocks of 60 MHz. 
         [0062]    When the transmission valid signal TXVALID is changed to a deactivated state “0”, the transmission unit  110  stops data transmission after three clocks of 60 MHz. 
         [0063]    Accordingly, when referring to the transmission valid signal TXVALID received from the upper layer SIE, since there is a temporal margin of two clocks or three clocks before data transmission, the control unit  170  can recognize that the current operation mode of the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is the transmission mode, and control the termination resistor unit  130  to change the initial first resistance value to the second resistance value. 
         [0064]    Even when a high speed driving circuit operates as a transmitter and changes an operation mode for a receiver, it is possible to change a termination resistance value of a Device PHY to a resistance value, by which accurate data can be received, by using an output signal of an FSM. 
         [0065]      FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating the driving timing of the transmission unit. 
         [0066]      FIG. 6  illustrates timings for three control signals Device_XCVR, Device_TERM, and Device_TXVALID used when the transmission unit  110  transmits the chirp signal. 
         [0067]    The control signals are transferred from the upper layer SIE to the USB peripheral apparatus  100  through the UTMI interface. 
         [0068]    The Device_XCVR selects one of a full-speed (12 Mbps) driver and a high speed (480 Mbps) driver. That is, when the Device_XCVR is ‘1’, the full-speed (12 Mbps) driver is selected, and when the Device_XCVR is ‘0’, the high speed (480 Mbps) driver is selected. 
         [0069]    In the case of using a signal DRE, when the DRE is ‘1’, the full-speed (12 Mbps) driver or the high speed (480 Mbps) driver selected by the signal XCVR is available as the transmission unit  110 . When the DRE is ‘0’, the full-speed (12 Mbps) driver and the high speed (480 Mbps) driver are turned off regardless of the signal XCVR and operate as the reception unit  120 . 
         [0070]    The signal Device_TERM is used only in the chirp operation, and connects the termination resistor unit  130  to the USB signal voltage terminals DP and DM or separates the termination resistor unit  130  from the USB signal voltage terminals DP and DM. That is, when the Device_TERM is ‘1’, the termination resistor unit  130  is separated from the terminals DP and DM. The case, in which the Device_TERM is ‘1’, is generated only in the chirp signal transmission operation. 
         [0071]    When a signal CONTROL generated using the Device_TXVALID in the memory is ‘1’, it indicates that the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is in the transmission mode. That is, when the signal CONTROL is ‘1’, the first resistance value (for example, 45Ω) of the termination resistor unit  130  (D.T.R of  FIG. 6 ) is changed to the second resistance value (for example, 50Ω), and when the signal CONTROL is ‘0’, the resistance value of the termination resistor unit  130  (D.T.R of  FIG. 6 ) is adjusted to the existing first resistance value (for example, 45Ω). 
         [0072]    The DP and the DM indicate differential signals of the USB output terminal. A SE0 indicates the standby mode and the state in which the DP and DM terminal signals are ‘0’, J indicates the state in which the DP and DM terminal signals are ‘1’ and ‘0’, and K indicates the state in which the DP and DM terminal signals are ‘0’ and ‘1’. 
         [0073]    When the signal XCVR is ‘0’, the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is enabled, when the signal Device TERM is ‘1’, the termination resistor unit  130  is separated from the USB signal terminals DP and DM, and when the signal CONTROL is ‘1’, the operation mode of the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is the transmission mode, so that the transmission unit  110  transmits the signal K (DP ‘0’ and DM ‘1’) to the USB host apparatus  500  through the USB signal terminals. 
         [0074]    The USB host apparatus  500  checks whether a voltage of the chirp signal received from the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is in the range of 0.7 V or more and 1.1V or less. When the voltage of the chirp signal is in the range, the USB host apparatus  500  determines that the USB peripheral apparatus  100  of the USB 2.0 standard has been connected. 
         [0075]      FIG. 7  is an EYE diagram for voltages of the USB terminals DP and DM through SPICE simulation when the USB peripheral apparatus according to the present invention is in the transmission mode. 
         [0076]    A transmission terminal of  FIG. 7  is the USB peripheral apparatus  100  and a reception terminal is the USB host apparatus  500 . 
         [0077]    In order to satisfy the USB 2.0 specification, when data is transmitted to the USB peripheral apparatus  100  having a transmission line of 5 m, a positive voltage level at the termination resistor unit  130  connected to the transmission unit  110  should be in the range of 275 mV or more and 575 mV or less. 
         [0078]    Furthermore, a positive voltage level at the termination resistor unit  130  connected to the reception unit  120  should be in the range of 175 mV or more and 525 mV or less. 
         [0079]    As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the USB peripheral apparatus  100  according to the present invention satisfies the EYE SPEC conditions defined in the USB 2.0 standard. 
         [0080]      FIG. 8  is an EYE diagram for voltages through the SPICE simulation when the USB peripheral apparatus according to the present invention is in the reception mode. 
         [0081]    As illustrated in  FIG. 8 , it is noted that the USB peripheral apparatus  100  according to the present invention satisfies the USB 2.0 standard even when the USB peripheral apparatus  100  is in the reception mode. 
         [0082]    Although a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and the spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.