Abstract:
This invention relates to personal computers, and more particularly to a personal computer system having an Input/Output (I/O) controller which imparts flexibility to the system design and operation. The I/O controller has a plurality of segments. A first segment provides a serial port for exchange of data signals; a second segment provides a parallel port for exchange of data signals; and a third segment provides a selectable interface for connection with a selected one of said option bus and said planar I/O bus. The third segment has a signal line for transmission of a feedback signal indicative of a readiness for transfer of data signals through one of said first and second segments.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to personal computers, and more particularly to a personal computer system having an Input/Output (I/O) controller which imparts flexibility to the system design and operation. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Personal computer systems in general and IBM personal computers in particular have attained widespread use for providing computer power to many segments of today&#39;s modern society. Personal computer systems can usually be defined as a desk top, floor standing, or portable microcomputer that consists of a system unit having a single system processor and associated volatile and non-volatile memory, a display monitor, a keyboard, one or more diskette drives, a fixed disk storage, and an optional printer. One of the distinguishing characteristics of these systems is tile use of a motherboard or system planar to electrically connect these components together. These systems are designed primarily to give independent computing power to a single user and are inexpensively priced for purchase by individuals or small businesses. Examples of such personal computer systems are IBM&#39;s PERSONAL COMPUTER AT and IBM&#39;s PERSONAL SYSTEM/2 Models 25, 30, L40SX, 50, 55, 56, 57, 65, 70, 80, 90 and 95. 
     These systems can be classified into two general families. The first family, usually referred to as Family I Models, predominantly use an I/O bus architecture exemplified by the IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER AT and other &#34;IBM compatible&#34; machines. This bus architecture is referred to in this description as the &#34;AT bus&#34; and is also known as the &#34;Industry Standard Architecture&#34; or &#34;ISA&#34;. This bus architecture is generally known, having been described both in technical manuals available from IBM and in more popularized texts such as The Winn Rosch Hardware Bible (Brady, New York, 1989). The interested reader is referred to those texts for further detailed information about this bus architecture. Many Family I models have used the popular Intel 8088 or 8086 microprocessor as the system processor. These processors have the ability to address one megabyte of memory. More recently, some Family I models have used high speed microprocessors of the 80286, 80386 or 80486 types. 
     As personal computer technology has developed and moved from eight to sixteen and eventually thirty two bit wide bus interaction and higher speed microprocessors, performance capability has been sought by separating the architecture of the personal computer into varying bus areas. More specifically, in the original IBM PC, what came to be known as the expansion bus was essentially a direct extension of the microprocessor connections, buffered and demultiplexed as required. Later, as the AT bus specification was developed and came into wide use, it became possible to sever the nearly direct connection between the microprocessor and the bus, giving rise to the presence of what became known as the local processor bus and the renaming of the expansion bus as the input/output (or I/O) bus. Typically, in order to enhance performance, the local processor bus runs at a higher clock speed (typically expressed in Hertz) than does the input/output bus. The IBM AT architecture also opened the possibility of running more than one microprocessor on the input/output bus, through use of direct memory access (DMA) interrupts. 
     The second family, referred to as Family II Models, use IBM&#39;s MICRO CHANNEL bus architecture exemplified by IBM&#39;s PERSONAL SYSTEM/2 Models 50 through 95. The Family II models typically use the high speed INTEL 80286, 80386, and 80486 microprocessors which can operate in a real mode to emulate the slower speed INTEL 8086 microprocessor or a protected mode which extends the addressing range from 1 megabyte to 4 Gigabytes for some models. In essence, the real mode feature of the 80286, 80386, and 80486 processors provide hardware compatibility with software written for the 8086 and 8088 microprocessors. The Family II personal computers are of little significance with regard to the present invention, except as an illustration of the use of higher capability microprocessors. Such microprocessors have also found their way into use in AT bus architecture personal computers (as mentioned above), notwithstanding what may be some technical limitations on the effectiveness of those processors due to a more limiting bus architecture. 
     The AT bus is designed with three different busses in the system. These are the local processor bus, where the system processor or CPU, any numeric co-processor provided, and a processor support chip reside; the I/O or option bus (also known as the AT bus) where adapter cards reside; and a bus here known as the XD bus (also known as the planar I/O bus) which is between the local processor and AT busses and on which certain standard I/O device controllers reside. 
     The characteristics of the three busses differ one from another. As a consequence, a device designed for connection with one of the busses cannot be attached to another of the busses and function as designed. As a further consequence, flexibility to simply shift a device from one bus to another is not available and any desired relocation entails significant system re-design. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Having in mind the foregoing discussion, this invention provides an I/O controller with interfaces for a serial port connection which substitutes for the RS232 port provided in prior system designs and for a parallel port connection which substitutes for the parallel port connection similarly provided in prior system designs. In providing such a controller, the controller is configured to be connected with either of the AT bus or the XD bus, thereby enhancing the possibilities of system design while avoiding any necessity for frequent redesign of more conventional bus controllers used in such systems. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Some of the objects of the invention having been stated, other objects will appear as the description proceeds, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a personal computer embodying this invention; 
     FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of certain elements of the personal computer of FIG. 1 including a chassis, a cover, an electromechanical direct access storage device and a planar board and illustrating certain relationships among those elements; 
     FIG. 3 which comprises of FIG. 3A and 3B are a schematic view of certain components of a prior art version of a personal computer similar to that of FIG. 1 and 2; and 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an I/O controller which may, in accordance with this invention, be used in the computer of FIGS. 1 and 2 to replace certain components schematically shown in FIG. 3. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION 
     Referring now more particularly to the accompanying drawings, a personal computer embodying the present invention is there shown and generally indicated at 10 (FIG. 1). As mentioned hereinabove, the computer 10 may have an associated monitor 11, keyboard 12 and printer or plotter 14. The computer 10 has a cover 15 formed by a decorative outer member 16 (FIG. 2) and an inner shield member 18 which cooperate with a chassis 19 in defining an enclosed, shielded volume for receiving electrically powered data processing and storage components for processing and storing digital data. At least certain of these components are mounted on a multilayer planar 20 or motherboard which is mounted on the chassis 19 and provides a means for electrically interconnecting the components of the computer 10 including those identified above and such other associated elements as floppy disk drives, various forms of direct access storage devices, accessory cards or boards, and the like. 
     The chassis 19 has a base indicated at 22, a front panel indicated at 24, and a rear panel indicated at 25 (FIG. 2). The front panel 24 defines at least one open bay (and in the form illustrated, four bays) for receiving a data storage device such as a disk drive for magnetic or optical disks, a tape backup drive, or the like. In the illustrated form, a pair of upper bays 26, 28 and a pair of lower bays 29, 30 are provided. 
     Prior to relating the above structure to the present invention, a summary of the operation in general of prior art personal computers such as the personal computer system 10 may merit review. Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a block diagram of a prior art personal computer system illustrating the various components of the computer system such as the system 10 in accordance with the present invention, including components mounted on the planar 20 and the connection of the planar to the I/O slots and other hardware of the personal computer system. Connected to the planar is the system processor 32 comprised of a microprocessor which is connected by a high speed CPU local bus 34 through a bus control timing unit 35 to a memory control unit 36 which is further connected to a volatile random access memory (RAM) 38. While any appropriate microprocessor can De used, one suitable microprocessor is the 80386 which is sold by INTEL. 
     While the present invention is described hereinafter with particular reference to the system block diagram of FIG. 3, it is to be understood at the outset of the description which follows that it is contemplated that the apparatus and methods in accordance with the present invention may be used with other hardware configurations of the planar board. For example, the system processor could be an Intel 80286 or 80486 microprocessor. In particular, the manner in which a personal computer 10 in accordance with this invention differs from the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 3 will be specifically pointed out hereinafter. 
     Returning now to FIG. 3, the CPU local bus 34 (comprising data, address and control components) provides for the connection of the microprocessor 32, a math coprocessor 39, a cache controller 40, and a cache memory 41. Also coupled on the CPU local bus 34 is a buffer 42. The buffer 42 is itself connected to a slower speed (compared to the CPU local bus) system bus 44, also comprising address, data and control components. The system bus 44 extends between the buffer 42 and a further buffer 68. The system bus 44 is further connected to a bus control and timing unit 35 and a DMA unit 48. The DMA unit 48 is comprised of a central arbitration unit 49 and DMA controller 50. The buffer 51 provides an interface between the system bus 44 and an optional feature bus such as the AT bus 52. Connected to the bus 52 are a plurality of I/O slots 54 for receiving adapter cards which may be further connected to an I/O device or memory. 
     An arbitration control bus 55 couples the DMA controller 50 and central arbitration unit 49 to the I/O slots 54 and a diskette adapter 56. Also connected to the system bus 44 is a memory control unit 36 which is comprised of a memory controller 59, an address multiplexor 60, and a data buffer 61. The memory control unit 36 is further connected to a random access memory as represented by the RAM module 38. The memory controller 36 includes the logic for mapping addresses to and from the microprocessor 32 to particular areas of RAM 38. This logic is used to reclaim RAM previously occupied by BIOS. Further generated by memory controller 36 is a ROM select signal (ROMSEL), that is used to enable or disable the ROM 64. 
     While the microcomputer system 10 is shown with a basic 1 megabyte RAM module, it is understood that additional memory can be interconnected as represented in FIG. 3 by the optional memory modules 65 through 67. For purposes of illustration only, the present invention is described with reference to the basic one megabyte memory module 38. 
     A latch buffer 68 is coupled between the system bus 44 and a planar I/O bus 69. The planar I/O bus 69 includes address, data, and control components respectively. Coupled along the planar I/O bus 69 are a variety of I/O adapters and other components such as the display adapter 70 (which is used to drive the monitor 11), a CMOS clock 72, nonvolatile CMOS RAM 74 herein after referred to as NVRAM, a RS232 adapter 76, a parallel adapter 78, a plurality of timers 79, a diskette adapter 56, an interrupt controller 84, and a read only memory (ROM) 64. The read only memory 64 includes the BIOS that is used to interface between the I/O devices and the operating system of the microprocessor 32. BIOS stored in the ROM 64 can be copied into the RAM 38 to decrease the execution time of BIOS. The ROM 64 is further responsive (via ROMSEL signal) to the memory controller 36. If the ROM 64 is enabled by the memory controller 36, BIOS is executed out of ROM. If the ROM 64 is disabled by the memory controller 36, ROM is not responsive to address enquiries from the microprocessor 32 (i.e. BIOS is executed out of RAM). 
     The planar I/O bus 69, as described hereinafter, includes portions defined by conductive pathways formed in interior layers of the multilayer planar 20, and particularly includes a number of such pathways in a portion extending adjacent an edge of the planar 20 which is positioned to extend adjacent one of the front and rear panels of the chassis. Such design of the planar makes possible the location of a number of I/O connectors along such a side edge for exchange of signals with such devices as the monitor, keyboard and printer. 
     As mentioned above in the description of the technical field of this invention, the local processor bus 34 is where the system processor or CPU, any numeric co-processor provided, and a processor support chip reside; the I/O or option bus (also known as the AT bus) 52 is where adapter cards reside; and the planar I/O bus 69 is the bus which is also known the XD bus. The interface specifications for each of these three busses differ from either of the other two, as will be well known to computer system designers working with the AT bus specification. 
     In accordance with an important distinguishing characteristic of this invention, the prior provision of an RS232 port 76 and a parallel port 78 is varied and an I/O controller capable of connection through either of the planar I/O bus 69 or the I/O or option bus (also known as the AT bus) 52 is employed. Such an I/O controller is illustrated in FIG. 4, and attention will now be turned to a description of that controller and the differences between the schematic organization of the computer 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 and that of the prior art computer of FIG. 3. 
     In particular, the I/O controller 80 of this invention (FIG. 4) provides an interface (indicated at 81) for a serial port connection which substitutes for the prior RS232 port 76 and an interface (indicated at 82) for a parallel port connection which substitutes for the prior parallel port connection 78. As the knowledgeable reader will understand, a serial port is one through which data signals pass with bits and bytes flowing serially, one after another. A parallel port is one through which data signals pass with the bits of a byte all flowing in parallel. Serial and parallel interfaces are standardized within the personal computer industry and the characteristics of such ports are well established and known. 
     The controller 80 also provides a bus interface (indicated at 84) which is capable of connection to either of the AT or XD busses, thereby opening substantial possibilities for varying placement of the I/O data paths while using a single component. More particularly, a single type of controller 80 may be used to effectuate connections of I/O devices using either serial or parallel connections through either of the busses identified while avoiding any necessity to redesign other elements of the system to accomplish that result. These characteristics of the controller 80 will be discussed more fully hereinafter. 
     The controller 80 further has a counter segment 85, a C 2 security interface segment 86, a DMA crossbar switch segment 88, an interface segment 89 to the RTC and NVRAM, and an interface 90 for chip testing. 
     The segment which is of particular importance to this invention is the bus interface 84. As indicated adjacent that portion of the segment connections shown in FIG. 4, this interface is designed to exchange signals with a number of signal lines which are defined by the generally available specifications of the AT bus 52 and the planar I/O bus here also known as the XD bus 69. Further, the controller 80 has a signal line identified as &#34;Fdback&#34; (for &#34;feedback&#34;) which is connectable with the bus controller 35. The Fdback signal line is an output from the I/O controller 80 and an input to the bus controller 35, and (when connected), serves to identify to the bus controller that a device accessed through the I/O controller 80 has data to be delivered through the planar I/O bus 69. Thus, when the controller 80 in accordance with this invention is installed with a connection to the planar I/O bus 69, the Fdback signal line is connected and used. 
     The flexibility of the controller 80 of this invention arises out of the possibility of installing the controller directly on the AT bus 52, in which event the appropriate function is derived by simply leaving the Fdback signal line unconnected. Were such variations in connection attempted with other devices, significant changes in the bus controller 35 would be required. This invention avoids a need for such changes. 
     The Fdback signal line is driven by an open collector driver, enabling other chips (where necessary or appropriate) to be connected to the planar I/O bus 69 at the same time that the controller 80 is connected. 
     In the drawings and specifications there has been set forth a preferred embodiment of the invention and, although specific terms are used, the description thus given uses terminology in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.