Abstract:
There is provided a single unit oral dose pharmaceutical composition comprising a) levodopa or salts thereof from about 50 mg to about 300 mg in extended release form, b) carbidopa or salts thereof from about 10 mg to about 100 mg in extended release and c) entacapone or salts thereof from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg in immediate release form, optionally with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The invention also relates to process of preparation of such compositions.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/060,180, filed Jun. 6, 2011, now pending, which entered the National Phase of Serial No. PCT/IB2009/053699; filed Aug. 22, 2009 which claims priority to Application No. IN2008MU0001779, filed Aug. 22, 2008. The entire disclosure of these prior applications are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     There is provided a single unit oral dose pharmaceutical composition comprising a) levodopa or salts thereof from about 50 mg to about 300 mg in extended release form, b) carbidopa or salts thereof from about 10 mg to about 100 mg in extended release and c) entacapone or salts thereof from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg in immediate release form, optionally with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The invention also relates to process of preparation of such compositions. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Entacapone, an inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), used in the treatment of Parkinson&#39;s disease as an adjunct to levodopa/carbidopa therapy. 
     The chemical name of entacapone is (E)-2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-N,N-diethyl-2-propenamide. Its empirical formula is C 14 H 15 N 3 O 5 , and its, structural formula is: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Carbidopa, an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation, is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water. It is designated chemically as (−)-L-(α-hydrazino-(α-methyl-β-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene) propanoic acid. Its empirical formula is C 10 H 14 N 2 O 4  and its structural formula is: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Levodopa, an aromatic amino acid, is a white, crystalline compound, slightly soluble in water. It is designated chemically as (−)-L-α-amino-β-(3,4-dihydroxybenzene)propanoic acid. Its empirical formula is C 9 H 11 NO 4 , and its structural formula is: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,500,867 and 6,797,732 disclose oral solid tablet compositions comprising entacapone, levodopa and carbidopa, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 7,094,427 and US 20040166159 disclose a composition comprising immediate release and extended release component. 
     US 20080051459 discloses a method of treating Parkinson&#39;s disease comprising administering pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition comprising levodopa. 
     US 20070275060 disclose an extended release tablet comprising an extended release composition comprising levodopa; and an immediate or rapid release composition comprising carbidopa. 
     WO 07/073702 discloses a multi-layered tablet providing three different release profiles. 
     US 20060173074 disclose a method for the treatment of restless legs syndrome in a mammal. 
     Entacapone is available as immediate release composition under the trade name Comtan®. The marketed strength is 200 mg. 
     The triple combination of levodopa, carbidopa and entacapone is available as immediate release composition in different strengths. For example Stalevo® 50 (containing 12.5 mg of carbidopa, 50 mg of levodopa and 200 mg of entacapone), Stalevo® 75 (containing 18.75 mg of carbidopa, 75 mg of levodopa and 200 mg of entacapone), Stalevo®100 (containing 25 mg of carbidopa, 100 mg of levodopa and 200 mg of entacapone), Stalevo®125 (31.2575 mg of carbidopa, 125 mg of levodopa and 200 mg of entacapone), Stalevo®150 (containing 37.5 mg of carbidopa, 150 mg of levodopa and 200 mg of entacapone) and Stalevo®200 (containing 50 mg of carbidopa, 200 mg of levodopa and 200 mg of entacapone). 
     Parkinson&#39;s disease is a slowly progressive disease, in which the symptoms get worse over time. Therefore, the symptoms will change and evolve. The pattern of symptoms can vary for each person. Over a number of years, however, some people may see changes in the way their medication controls their symptoms. These changes are commonly known as motor fluctuations. Over time, symptoms begin to come back before it is time to take next dose of levodopa medication. This change in symptoms is called “wearing-off.” As “wearing-off” becomes more noticeable, the amount of time for a good response to levodopa (known as “on” time) shortens and the time for poor response to levodopa (known as “off” time) may lengthen. 
     In the early stages of the disease, the brain is able to store enough dopamine. This permits smoother release of dopamine in the brain. It also provides a more constant control of symptoms. However, as Parkinson&#39;s disease gets worse, the brain has fewer cells that can take up levodopa and store it as dopamine for release when levels are low. Because of this reduced ability to store dopamine in the brain, symptoms may return after shorter periods of time (e.g. “wearing-off”). If someone with a reduced ability to store dopamine is given too much levodopa, it may lead to side effects (e.g. dyskinesia). 
     It may be possible to better control these symptoms by changing or adjusting the treatment. As these motor fluctuations emerge, other unwanted side effects may occur. These include involuntary movements, known as dyskinesia (e.g. twisting/turning movements) or dystonia (e.g. prolonged muscle cramping). The patients treated for Parkinson&#39;s disease may frequently develop motor fluctuations characterized by end-of-dose failure, peak dose dyskinesia and akinesia, with levodopa therapy (“wearing off”) in which the patient suffers from unpredictable swings from mobility to immobility. More than 50% of patients with Parkinson&#39;s disease develop motor response fluctuations (the “wearing off” phenomenon) after treatment with levodopa therapy. Symptoms of wearing off include bradykinesia, dystonia, tremors, decreased manual dexterity, paresthesia, muscle pain, voice softness. 
     It is believed that the ‘wearing off’ effect can be minimized in patients with a treatment regimen, which provides less rapid dissolution properties and providing a more even plasma level profile of levodopa. When administered in conjunction with levodopa, entacapone increases the bioavailability of levodopa by facilitating its passage across the blood-brain barrier. Hence, entacapone is approved as an adjunct to levodopa therapy in Parkinson&#39;s disease. However, the dosage of currently available formulation of carbidopa, levodopa and entacapone i.e. Stalevo® is given eight times a day. The frequent dosing of these formulations is associated with more fluctuating plasma entacapone concentrations. Further, this regimen is not patient compliant. 
     Further, it has been observed that it is very inconvenient for the patient to take a tablet of Sinemet CR and Comtan simultaneously number of times a day, which leads to patient non-compliance especially in Parkinson&#39;s patient. Further, literature also suggests when the three ingredients are present together vis a vis entacapone, carbidopa and levodopa, it leads to decrease in bioavailability of entacapone and levodopa. Therefore, the marketed formulation Stalevo contains substantial portion of carbidopa separate from levodopa and carbidopa. Additionally, literature also reports destabilization of triple combination formulation in presence of microcrystalline cellulose. 
     Hence, there is a need for patient compliant entacapone composition and/or triple combination comprising levodopa, carbidopa and entacapone that will dissolve slowly and provide a more even plasma level profile in patients with entacapone or levodopa/entacapone/carbidopa treatment regimen. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In one aspect of the invention, there is provided a single unit oral dose pharmaceutical composition comprising a) levodopa or salts thereof from about 50 mg to about 300 mg in extended release form, b) carbidopa or salts thereof from about 10 mg to about 100 mg in extended release and c) entacapone or salts thereof from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg in immediate release form, optionally with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. 
     In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of treating Parkinson&#39;s disease in a mammal, comprising administering to a mammal in need thereof, a single unit oral dose pharmaceutical composition comprising a) levodopa or salts thereof from about 50 mg to about 300 mg in extended release form, b) carbidopa or salts thereof from about 10 mg to about 100 mg in extended release and c) entacapone or salts thereof from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg in immediate release form, optionally with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. 
     In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of reducing the “wearing off” phenomena in Parkinson&#39;s patients, comprising administering to patient in need thereof, a single unit oral dose pharmaceutical composition comprising a) levodopa or salts thereof from about 50 mg to about 300 mg in extended release form, b) carbidopa or salts thereof from about 10 mg to about 100 mg in extended release and c) entacapone or salts thereof from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg in immediate release form, optionally with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. 
     In another aspect, there is provided a process for preparing a single unit oral dose pharmaceutical composition comprising a) levodopa or salts thereof from about 50 mg to about 300 mg in extended release form, b) carbidopa or salts thereof from about 10 mg to about 100 mg in extended release and c) entacapone or salts thereof from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg in immediate release form, wherein the said process comprises of: a) coating or mixing levodopa, carbidopa with pharmaceutically acceptable rate controlling polymers; b) entacapone with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients; c) mixing the blend of step a) and b) and converting it into suitable dosage form. 
     Embodiments of the pharmaceutical composition may include one or more of the following features. For example, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may include one or more of fillers, binders, lubricants, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring agents, glidants, disintegrants, and the like. 
     The details of one or more embodiments of the inventions are set forth in the description below. Other features, objects and advantages of the inventions will be apparent from the description and claims. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The inventors while working on the levodopa, entacapone, and carbidopa compositions have noticed that when levodopa or carbidopa is formulated in extended release form, it allows for the continuous release of levodopa or carbidopa over a prolonged period. Extended release composition maintains extended release of levodopa and carbidopa thereby leading to non-fluctuating constant plasma levels of levodopa and carbidopa. This further leads to reduction in the “wearing-off” phenomena, which is observed in Parkinson&#39;s patients due to fluctuating plasma levels. 
     The inventors have further unexpectedly found that Sinemet CR and Comtan can be combined together in a single unit oral dose fixed combination without effecting bioavailability of any one active in presence of other. Even microcrystalline cellulose can also be used in the fixed dose combination without having any destabilizing effect on fixed dose composition. This fixed dose combination further leads to increase in patient compliance. 
     The term ‘extended release’ as used herein refers to specific release of drug over a specified time period, which may extend from 4 hr to 24 hrs or more. 
     The extended release in the pharmaceutical composition may be achieved by one or more of coating or embedding in matrix using with hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymers or by attachment to ion-exchange resins. Further, extended release may be achieved by osmotic oral release technology also. 
     One tablet of the said composition exhibits no significant difference in rate and/or extent of absorption of entacapone as compared to 2-4 tablets of 200 mg of immediate release entacapone commercially marketed as Comtan® and levodopa and carbidopa as compared to one tablet of Sinemet® CR administered at the interval of 3-4 hours. 
     “Bioequivalency” is established by a 90% Confidence Interval (CI) of between 0.80 and 1.25 for both C max  and AUC under USFDA regulatory guidelines, or a 90% CI for AUC of between 0.80 to 1.25 and a 90% CI for C max  of between 0.70 to 1.43 under the European EMEA regulatory guidelines. 
     The term “confidence interval” as used herein refers to plain meaning known to ordinary skill in the art. Confidence interval refers to a statistical range with a specified probability that a given parameter lies within the range. 
     The term “covariance” as used herein refers to plain meaning known to ordinary skill in the art. It is a statistical measure of the variance of two random variables that are observed or measured in the same mean time period. This measure is equal to the product of the deviations of corresponding values of the two variables from their respective means. 
     The extended release pharmaceutical composition may include one or more of tablet, bilayered tablet, trilayered tablet, tablet in tablet, capsule, powder, disc, caplet, granules, pellets, granules in capsule, minitablets, minitablets in capsule, pellets in capsule, sachet and the like. 
     Levodopa, carbidopa or entacapone may be present in the form of powder, granules, pellets, beads, microtablets, minitablets and crystals. 
     The amount of entacapone in these pharmaceutical compositions varies from about 100 mg to about 1000 mg. The amount of levodopa in these pharmaceutical compositions varies from about 50 mg to about 300 mg. The amount of carbidopa in these pharmaceutical compositions varies from about 10 to about 100 mg. 
     Suitable rate controlling hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymers comprise one or more of polyvinyl acetate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, ethyl cellulose, a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, an alkyl alcohol, a wax, shellac, rosin, zein (prolamine from corn), povidone, kollidon SR, a poly(meth)acrylate, microcrystalline cellulose or poly(ethylene oxide), polyuronic acid salts, cellulose ethers, xanthan gum, tragacanth gum, gum karaya, guar gum, acacia, gellan gum locust bean gum, alkali metal salts of alginic acid or pectic acid, sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, carboxyvinyl polymers, polymerized gelatin, shellac, methacrylic acid copolymer type C NF, cellulose butyrate phthalate, cellulose hydrogen phthalate, cellulose propionate phthalate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), cellulose acetate trimellitate (CAT), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate, dioxypropyl methylcellulose succinate, carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose (CMEC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), and acrylic acid polymers and copolymers like methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and/or ethyl methacrylate with copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters (Eudragit NE, Eudragit RL, Eudragit RS) and the like. Polymer may be used from 0.1-50% by weight of the composition. 
     The extended release pharmaceutical composition may comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may include diluents, binders, disintegrants, surfactants, lubricants, glidants and the like. 
     Suitable binder may one or more of, povidone, starch, stearic acid, gums, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and the like. Binder may be used from 0.1% to 40% by weight of the composition 
     Suitable diluent may be one or more of, microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, kaolin, dry starch, powdered sugar and the like. Diluent may be used from 1 to 50% by weight of the composition. 
     Suitable disintegrant may be one or more of starch, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate and the like. Disintegrant may be used from 2-20% by weight of the composition. 
     Suitable lubricant may be one or more of magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, sodium stearyl fumarate, hydrogenated vegetable oil, glyceryl behenate and the like. Lubricant may be used from 0.1-5% by weight of the composition. 
     Suitable glidant may be one or more of colloidal silicon dioxide, talc or cornstarch and the like. Glidant may be used from 0.1-5% by weight of the composition. 
     The pharmaceutical composition may be prepared by mixing entacapone with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients to form an entacapone blend. Levodopa and carbidopa may be mixed with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable polymers and excipients to form levodopa carbidopa blend. The entacapone blend and levodopa-carbidopa blend may be mixed with other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and converted into suitable dosage form. 
     The invention is further illustrated by the following examples which are provided merely to be exemplary of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention. Certain modifications and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The composition of batches is provided in Table 1 to 23. Following formulations are representatives of the preferred compositions of the invention. The preparation of example is detailed below. 
     Example-I 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Pharmaceutical composition of the invention 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Ingredients 
                 % w/w 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Entacapone IR layer/Portion 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Entacapone 
                 38.41 
               
               
                   
                 Mannitol 
                 6.73 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium starch glycolate 
                 3.85 
               
               
                   
                 Corn Starch 
                 9.42 
               
               
                   
                 Croscarmellose sodium 
                 4.62 
               
               
                   
                 Povidone 
                 1.51 
               
               
                   
                 Purified water 
                 q.s. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Extragranular Ingredients 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Magnesium stearate 
                 0.77 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Levodopa and Carbidopa CR layer/Portion 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Levodopa 
                 19.22 
               
               
                   
                 Carbidopa 
                 5.19 
               
               
                   
                 Microcrystalline Cellulose 
                 4.62 
               
               
                   
                 Povidone 
                 3.46 
               
               
                   
                 Purified Water 
                 q.s. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Extragranular Ingredients 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone 
                 1.73 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium Stearate 
                 0.38 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Procedure: 
     Entacapone Layer/Portion: Entacapone and mannitol were co-milled and sifted. Cornstarch, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate were co-sifted separately. The materials were placed in granulator and mixed. Povidone was dissolved in purified water and granulated with the mixed material. The granulated contents were dried. Magnesium stearate was sifted and mixed with the dried granules. 
     Levodopa and Carbidopa Layer/Portion: 
     Levodopa, Carbidopa and microcrystalline cellulose were co-sifted and mixed. Povidone was dissolved in Purified water and granulate with above mixed contents. The granulated contents were dried. Magnesium stearate was sifted with polyvinyl pyrrolidone and mixed with the dried granules. 
     Compression 
     Both the entacapone layer/portion and Levodopa and Carbidopa layer/portion were compressed into bilayered tablets or into tablet in tablet with entacapone surrounding the levodopa-carbidopa inlay tablet. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Dissolution data of composition prepared as per example I. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 % Drug released 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Time (hrs) 
                 Levodopa 
                 Carbidopa 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 0.5 
                 45 
                 45 
               
               
                 1   
                 58 
                 58 
               
               
                 2.5 
                 94 
                 92 
               
               
                 4   
                 96 
                 95 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Time (min) 
                 % Drug released (Entacapone) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 51 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 70 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 79 
               
               
                   
                 45 
                 85 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Table 2 provides the dissolution data of composition prepared as per formula given in table 1. For determination of drug release rate of entacapone, USP Type 2 Apparatus (rpm 50) was used wherein 900 ml of pH 5.5 phosphate buffer at 37° C.±0.5° C. was used as medium. Further, for determination of drug release rate of levodopa and carbidopa, USP Type 2 Apparatus (rpm 50) was used wherein 900 ml of 0.1 N HCl at 37° C.±0.5° C. was used as medium. 
     Example-II 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Pharmaceutical composition of the invention 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Ingredients 
                 % w/w 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Entacapone layer/Portion 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Entacapone 
                 28.57 
               
               
                   
                 Mannitol 
                 5.00 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium starch glycolate 
                 2.86 
               
               
                   
                 Corn Starch 
                 7.00 
               
               
                   
                 Croscarmellose sodium 
                 3.43 
               
               
                   
                 Povidone 
                 1.14 
               
               
                   
                 Purified water 
                 q.s. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Extragranular Ingredients 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Magnesium stearate 
                 0.57 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Levodopa and Carbidopa CR layer/Portion 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Levodopa 
                 28.57 
               
               
                   
                 Carbidopa 
                 7.71 
               
               
                   
                 Microcrystalline Cellulose 
                 6.86 
               
               
                   
                 Povidone 
                 5.14 
               
               
                   
                 Purified Water 
                 q.s. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Extragranular Ingredients 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 PVP 
                 2.57 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium Stearate 
                 0.57 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Procedure: 
     Entacapone Layer/Portion: 
     Entacapone and mannitol were co-milled and sifted. Corn starch, croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate were co-sifted separately. The materials were placed in granulator and mixed. Povidone was dissolved in purified water and granulated with the mixed material. The granulated contents were dried. Magnesium stearate was sifted and mixed with the dried granules. 
     Levodopa and Carbidopa Layer/Portion: 
     Levodopa, Carbidopa and microcrystalline cellulose were co-sifted and mixed. Povidone was dissolved in Purified water and granulate with above mixed contents. The granulated contents were dried. Magnesium stearate was sifted with Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone and mixed with the dried granules. 
     Compression 
     Both the entacapone layer/portion and Levodopa and Carbidopa layer/portion were compressed into bilayered tablets or into tablet in tablet with entacapone surrounding the levodopa-carbidopa inlay tablet. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Dissolution data of composition prepared as per example II. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 % Drug released 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Time (hrs) 
                 Levodopa 
                 Carbidopa 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 0.5 
                 43 
                 43 
               
               
                 1   
                 58 
                 58 
               
               
                 2.5 
                 88 
                 89 
               
               
                 4   
                 98 
                 98 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Time (min) 
                 % Drug released (Entacapone) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 59 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 76 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 82 
               
               
                   
                 45 
                 87 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Table 4 provides the dissolution data of composition prepared as per formula given in table 3. For determination of drug release rate of entacapone, USP Type 2 Apparatus (rpm 50) was used wherein 900 ml of pH 5.5 phosphate buffer at 37° C.±0.5° C. was used as medium. Further, for determination of drug release rate of levodopa and carbidopa, USP Type 2 Apparatus (rpm 50) was used wherein 900 ml of 0.1 N HCl at 37° C.±0.5° C. was used as medium. 
     Example-III 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Pharmaceutical composition of the invention 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Ingredients 
                 % w/w 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Entacapone IR layer/Portion 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Entacapone 
                 36.36 
               
               
                   
                 Mannitol 
                 21.27 
               
               
                   
                 Povidone 
                 3.27 
               
               
                   
                 Crospovidone 
                 4.36 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium stearate 
                 0.54 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Extragranular Ingredients 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Talc 
                 0.90 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium stearate 
                 0.54 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Levodopa and Carbidopa CR layer/Portion 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Levodopa 
                 18.18 
               
               
                   
                 Carbidopa 
                 4.90 
               
               
                   
                 Microcrystalline Cellulose 
                 4.36 
               
               
                   
                 Povidone 
                 3.27 
               
               
                   
                 Purified Water 
                 q.s. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Extragranular Ingredients 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 PVP 
                 0.16 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium Stearate 
                 0.03 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Procedure: 
     Entacapone Layer/Portion: 
     Entacapone and mannitol were co-milled and sifted. Povidone, crospovidone and mannitol were co-sifted separately. The materials were mixed to form a bulk. Magnesium stearate was sifted and mixed with the above bulk. This was compacted and crushed. Magnesium stearate and talc were sifted separately and was mixed with the crushed material. 
     Levodopa and Carbidopa Layer/Portion: 
     Levodopa, Carbidopa and microcrystalline cellulose were co-sifted and mixed. Povidone was dissolved in Purified water and granulate with above mixed contents. The granulated contents were dried. Magnesium stearate was sifted with Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone and mixed with the dried granules. 
     Compression 
     Both the entacapone layer/portion and Levodopa and Carbidopa layer/portion were compressed into bilayered tablets or into tablet in tablet with entacapone surrounding the levodopa-carbidopa inlay tablet. 
     Example-IV 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Pharmaceutical composition of the invention 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Ingredients 
                 % w/w 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Entacapone IR layer/Portion 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Entacapone 
                 27.39 
               
               
                   
                 Mannitol 
                 21.27 
               
               
                   
                 Povidone 
                 2.47 
               
               
                   
                 Crospovidone 
                 3.29 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium stearate 
                 0.41 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Extragranular Ingredients 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Talc 
                 0.68 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium stearate 
                 0.41 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Levodopa and Carbidopa CR layer/Portion 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Levodopa 
                 27.39 
               
               
                   
                 Carbidopa 
                 7.39 
               
               
                   
                 Microcrystalline Cellulose 
                 6.58 
               
               
                   
                 Povidone 
                 4.93 
               
               
                   
                 Purified Water 
                 q.s. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Extragranular Ingredients 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 PVP 
                 2.46 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium Stearate 
                 0.54 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Procedure: 
     Entacapone Layer/Portion: 
     Entacapone and mannitol were co-milled and sifted. Povidone, crospovidone and mannitol were co-sifted separately. The materials were mixed to form a bulk. Magnesium stearate was sifted and mixed with the above bulk. This was compacted and crushed. Magnesium stearate and talc were sifted separately and was mixed with the crushed material. 
     Levodopa and Carbidopa Layer/Portion: 
     Levodopa, Carbidopa and microcrystalline cellulose were co-sifted and mixed. Povidone was dissolved in Purified water and granulate with above mixed contents. The granulated contents were dried. Magnesium stearate was sifted with Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone and mixed with the dried granules. 
     Compression 
     Both the entacapone layer/portion and Levodopa and Carbidopa layer/portion were compressed into bilayered tablets or into tablet in tablet with entacapone surrounding the levodopa-carbidopa inlay tablet. 
     Example V 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Pharmaceutical composition of the invention 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Ingredient 
                 % w/w 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Inner LC-ER core tablet 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Levodopa 
                 30.77 
               
               
                   
                 Carbidopa 
                 8.31 
               
               
                   
                 Hydroxy Propyl cellulose 
                 4.62 
               
               
                   
                 Mannitol 
                 1.54 
               
               
                   
                 Povidone K90 
                 0.46 
               
               
                   
                 Isopropyl alcohol 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 Dichloromethane 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium stearate 
                 0.46 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Inner ER core tablet Weight 
               
               
                 External Entacapone IR granules 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Entacapone 
                 30.77 
               
               
                   
                 Mannitol 25 
                 5.38 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium starch glycolate 
                 3.08 
               
               
                   
                 Croscarmellose sodium 
                 3.69 
               
               
                   
                 Corn starch 
                 7.54 
               
               
                   
                 Povidone K30 
                 1.23 
               
               
                   
                 water 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium starch glycolate 
                 1.54 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium stearate 
                 0.62 
               
             
          
           
               
                 External Entacpone IR 
               
               
                 granules Weight 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Total Tablet weight 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Procedure—Inner LC-ER Core Tablet 
     Levodopa, Carbidopa, Hydroxy Propyl cellulose &amp; mannitol were co-sifted and mixed. Povidone K90 was dissolved in Isopropyl alcohol &amp; Dichloromethane. The bulk of step 1 was granulated using step 2 solution and granules were dried. Magnesium stearate was added to prepared granules and lubricated granules were compressed to obtain core tablets. 
     External Entacapone IR Granules 
     Entacapone &amp; mannitol were co-milled. Sodium starch glycolate, Croscarmellose sodium, Corn starch were co-sifted. Povidone K30 was dissolved in purified water and used to granulate the bulk of step 1. Granules were dried. Sodium starch glycolate was sifted through suitable mesh and added to above granules. Magnesium stearate was added to above mix. 
     Compression 
     Tablet in tablet of inner LC ER core tablets &amp; external Entacpone IR granules were compressed using suitable compression machine 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 LEVODOPA 
                   
                 CARBIDOPA 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Time 
                 Sinemet CR 
                 Example-1 
                 Sinemet CR 
                 Example-1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 15 
                 20 
                 15 
                 23 
                 16 
               
               
                 30 
                 37 
                 40 
                 38 
                 40 
               
               
                 45 
                 52 
                 57 
                 52 
                 58 
               
               
                 60 
                 66 
                 70 
                 65 
                 70 
               
               
                 75 
                 77 
                 79 
                 75 
                 79 
               
               
                 90 
                 85 
                 86 
                 81 
                 86 
               
               
                 120  
                 95 
                 96 
                 90 
                 95 
               
               
                 150  
                 100 
                 102 
                 94 
                 101 
               
               
                 180  
                 102 
                 103 
                 97 
                 103 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 For Entacapone 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Time 
                 Comtan 
                 Example-V 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  0 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                  5 
                 17 
                 17 
               
               
                 10 
                 47 
                 39 
               
               
                 20 
                 88 
                 72 
               
               
                 30 
                 98 
                 82 
               
               
                 45 
                 101 
                 90 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Table 8 provides the dissolution data of composition prepared as per formula given in table 7. For determination of drug release rate of entacapone, USP Type 2 Apparatus (rpm 50) was used wherein 900 ml of pH 5.5 phosphate buffer at 37° C.±0.5° C. was used as medium. Further, for determination of drug release rate of levodopa and carbidopa, USP Type 2 Apparatus (rpm 50) was used wherein 900 ml of 0.1 N HCl at 37° C.±0.5° C. was used as medium. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Bio Data (Fasted State) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 PK 
                 Ratio % 
                 90% CI 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Parameters 
                 (T/R) 
                 Lower Limit 
                 Upper Limit 
                 Intra-CV (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 For Entacapone - 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Cmax 
                 105.42 
                 75.03 
                 148.11 
                 56.28 
               
               
                 AUC t 
                 106.92 
                 91.78 
                 124.56 
                 23.89 
               
               
                 AUV inf 
                 106.14 
                 91.39 
                 123.27 
                 23.89 
               
             
          
           
               
                 For Carbidopa - 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Cmax 
                 142.51 
                 120.86 
                 168.05 
                 25.84 
               
               
                 AUC t 
                 142.04 
                 120.91 
                 166.86 
                 25.23 
               
               
                 AUV inf 
                 141.54 
                 120.78 
                 165.87 
                 24.84 
               
             
          
           
               
                 For Levodopa - 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Cmax 
                 125.57 
                 109.25 
                 144.32 
                 21.73 
               
               
                 AUC t 
                 112.57 
                 97.92 
                 129.41 
                 21.76 
               
               
                 AUV inf 
                 112.58 
                 97.88 
                 129.49 
                 21.84 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Table 9 provides bio profile of LC ER and Entacapone IR combination tablets prepared as per example V under fasting condition versus Reference product Comtan® 200 mg+one tablet of Sinemet CR (Manufacturer: Merck; Levodopa 200+Carbidopa 50 mg ER tablet. Study design include fasting two-way cross-over bioequivalence study in 15 normal, adult, human subjects under fed condition 
     Example VI 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Pharmaceutical composition of the invention 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Ingredient 
                 % w/w 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Inner LC ER core tablet 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Levodopa 
                 30.30 
               
               
                   
                 Carbidopa 
                 8.18 
               
               
                   
                 Hydroxy Propyl cellulose 
                 4.55 
               
               
                   
                 Mannitol 
                 1.97 
               
               
                   
                 Methacrylic acid copolymer 
                 1.52 
               
               
                   
                 Isopropyl alcohol 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Dichloromethane 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium stearate 
                 0.45 
               
             
          
           
               
                 External Entacpone IR granules 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Entacapone 
                 30.30 
               
               
                   
                 Mannitol 25 
                 5.30 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium starch glycolate 
                 3.03 
               
               
                   
                 Croscarmellose sodium 
                 3.64 
               
               
                   
                 Corn starch 
                 7.42 
               
               
                   
                 Povidone K30 
                 1.21 
               
               
                   
                 water 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 Sodium starch glycolate 
                 1.52 
               
               
                   
                 Magnesium stearate 
                 0.61 
               
               
                   
                 Total Tablet weight 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Procedure: 
     Inner LC-ER Core Tablet 
     Levodopa, Carbidopa, Hydroxy Propyl cellulose &amp; mannitol were co-sifted and mixed. Methacrylic acid copolymer was dissolved in Isopropyl alcohol &amp; Dichloromethane. The bulk of step 1 was granulated using step 2 solution and granules were dried. Magnesium stearate was added to the bulk of step 3 and mixed. The bulk of step 4 was granulated using suitable punches to obtain core tablets. 
     External Entacapone IR Granules 
     Entacapone &amp; mannitol were mixed and milled. Sodium starch glycolate, Croscarmellose sodium, Corn starch were co-sifted and mixed. Povidone K30 in was dissolved in purified water. The bulk of step 7 was granulated using step 8 solution and granules were dried. Sodium starch glycolate was added to the bulk of step 9 and mixed. Magnesium stearate was added to the bulk of step 10 and mixed. 
     Compression 
     Tablet in tablet dosage form was prepared using inner LC ER core tablets &amp; external Entacpone IR granules using suitable compression machine.