Abstract:
In order to increase the clamping effect in an electrical screw connector used in industrial applications to fix or hold an electrical conductor, the support and contact surfaces for the electrical conductor are textured. According to the invention, the texturing of the support and contact surfaces for the electrical conductor is carried out by various production methods using embossing or stamping tools.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The invention relates in general to the realm of fundamental electrical components from the world of electronic equipment consisting of electrically-conducting connector elements. One of these connector elements from the realm of connector terminals is in its simplest form the screw connector. In screw terminals, electrical conductors are brought into mutual mechanical and electrical contact in clamp bodies by means of clamp screws and suitably-shaped clamping elements. 
     BACKGROUND INFORMATION 
     In industrial connector equipment, a large number of differing clamp bodies for screw terminals have proved themselves by the billions, and are the most frequently-used connector equipment. Clamp bodies for the electrical screw terminals consist as a rule of a clamp pocket with essentially U-shaped cross section (EP 0 334 975), or an approximately rectangular housing with at least one threaded part and/or a threaded hole, into whose threads a clamping screw may be threaded. The high clamp body may also be in the shape of a pull strap. All clamp bodies have in common the fact that they include a clamp body recess, hereafter referred to as a cavity that serves to receive the electrical conductor, whereby the conductor may consist of single-wire or multiple-wire (fine wire) conductors. 
     The electrical conductor is clamped within this cavity by means of the clamp screw. Clamping of the electrical conductor may also be achieved by means of a current bus or rail inserted between the clamp screw and the electrical conductor. In order to increase the clamping effect of the electrical conductor, the current rail may be textured on the side facing toward the electrical conductor. Also, the floor surface of the cavity of the clamp body may be textured. So, for example, clamp bodies for electro-technical screw terminals are known from EP 0 082 285 B1 and from DE 203 05 314 that include walls projecting inward within the cavity between which recesses are located. 
     These clamp bodies with textured recess floors are produced, for example, from stamped plate steel or copper alloys using forming equipment. In this type of clamp body, which is formed of several pieces corresponding to the above-mentioned tasks, the cavity-plate or pocket-plate thickness selected acts disadvantageously on the deformation of the oblique floor walls during loading by the clamp screw. These deformations lead to a clear reduction of permissible clamping forces, whereby secure clamping because of the setting of the conductor connection is not ensured. 
     An additional embodiment example of a conventional clamp body may be taken from the State of the Art, for example from the “CLIPLINE Terminal 2002” TN12 5123461/10.04.02-00 product catalog of the company Phoenix Contact &amp; Co. KG. The clamp bodies shown therein made of a tension-crack corrosion-resistant high-value copper alloy possess a crosswise drilled hole oblique to the floor of the cavity for optimum affixing of electrical conductors. This hole is created by a metal-cutting procedure within the clamp body, and is a penetrating hole that passes obliquely through the entire clamp body. Such an embodiment example of State-of-the-Art clamp bodies produced by means of a metal-cutting procedure may be taken from  FIG. 1 . The hole perpendicular to the cavity aperture is so located that the surface in the floor of the cavity, as well as adjacent oblique surfaces that represent the connection to the side walls and which normally extend flat from the one side of the cavity aperture to the other side of the cavity aperture, are interrupted by the drilled hole. This interruption serves to texture the cavity in order to increase the clamping effect between the electrical conductor and the clamp body. The drilled hole passing through the clamp body in the area of the floor surface of the cavity weakens the sidewalls of the clamp body exceedingly, i.e., the forces arising from the tension moment of the clamp screw may act disadvantageously on the geometric shape of the clamp body. The hazard of plastic deformation exists along with that of having no stable clamping action. Further, positive function upon several actuations of the screw terminal cannot be ensured. The metal-cutting processing procedure thus acts disadvantageously on the mechanical strength of the clamp body. 
     SUMMARY 
     It is therefore the task of the invention to produce a clamp body of the type mentioned at the outset such that the afore-mentioned disadvantages of the known configuration are avoided, and particularly, a lower-cost clamp body with simple functional geometry for electrical screw terminal is provided. Also, the manufacture of the clamp body should allow a higher output level per time unit, whereby the clamp body corresponds not only to the torque requirements of the standard, but also, because of the special manufacturing procedure, allows resistance to deformation that is greater than the standard device available on the market and is useable specifically for small clamp bodies, e.g., in row-terminal configurations for plug connectors. 
     This task is solved by the invention with a clamp body of the named type by the distinguishing characteristics disclosed and recited herein. In order to manufacture clamp bodies with these characteristics of the invention that achieves uniform and safely-applied clamping force, and moreover that typically are resistant to vibration under loads found in industrial applications in screw terminals for long time periods such as moving machine parts, it is proposed to use a procedure for clamp body manufacture, particularly during production of the recesses in the cavity of the clamp body, that does not reduce the resistance of the clamp body to deformation, but rather maintains or even increases it. The structuring of the surfaces within the cavity causes the values of the IEC Norm 60 947-1/EN 60 947 regarding secure connection of the conductor not merely to be fulfilled, but actually exceeded. The textured surfaces within the cavity act as support surfaces and contact surfaces for the electrical conductor. 
     In order to increase the strength of the clamp body and the firm seat of the electrical conductor for technical application, it is recommended by the invention to use the following manufacturing procedure in the production of textures in the form of, for example, recesses in the surfaces. Recesses that represent deepened recesses within the cavity of the clamp body for electro-technical screw terminals in floor and sidewalls. These deepened recesses that ensure the firm seat of the electrical conductor in interaction with the current rail are technically known as beads. 
     During production of the beads in the clamp body, one takes advantage of the properties of the material of which the clamp body consists. As a rule, the clamp bodies are of brass, but other metals such as steel are conceivable. Copper alloys may be cold-shaped, and are therefore well suited to pressing, stamping, hammering, striking, and chasing. These material properties are advantageously used during the production of the beads. 
     Production of the beads is by means of embossing equipment. This embossing equipment is considerably cheaper because production of the beads may be achieved within a fully-automated cycle process. The cycling process during embossing is significantly shorter with respect to the metal-cutting process. For example, the clamp bodies that have already passed through various manufacturing steps are supplied to an automatic embossing machine that may be driven mechanically and/or pneumatically. The clamp bodies are positioned exactly and automatically tensioned in a tool device. Simultaneously, a embossing tool moves horizontally into the part to be stamped and/or into the cavity of the clamp body. The clamp body may also be so supplied to the embossing tool by the automatic supply device that proper embossing position is achieved. The embossing may be, for example, made of tool steel, and may be heated. Further, the embossing tool possesses a texture on its underside whose shape and/or relief corresponds in size and shape to that of the desired beads within the clamp body. The embossing tools may be engraved on many sides and are flexibly interchangeable so that any conceivable texture may be produced on the embossing tool and embossed into the clamp body. The shape and size of the texturing of the surface of the floor and sidewalls within the cavity of the clamp body may be adapted to the technical requirements such as, for example, various clamping effects on different electrical conductors. Not only the creation of recesses in the shape of beads, but also the creation of raised projections is possible because of cold shaping in the embossing technique. For example, raised projections in the form of crowned projections or a combination of recesses and raised projections that provide optimum clamping effect on the electrical conductor used. For example, micro-textures are available for clamping fine-wire conductors in clamp bodies. I.e., the texture and shape of the support surface and contact surface for the electrical conductor within the clamp body determines the clamping effect, and thus the extraction forces on the clamped conductor. 
     The embossing process itself may be achieved, for example, by adding a pressure spindle vertical to the embossing stamp. This pressure needle is driven through the drilled hole of the clamp screw using pneumatically-driven reciprocation, and acts with hydraulically-generated pressure on the embossing tool. The texture of the embossing tool is thus pressed into the contacted surface of the clamp body. Next, the pressure spindle returns to its initial position, and the clamp body is ejected from the tensioning device. 
     A stamping machine that optimizes the cycling time of the embossing may also be advantageously used to create the embossing texture. Further, this procedure distinguishes itself by a high cycle rate, which reduces the cycling time. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood by reading the following detailed description, taken together with the drawings wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a clamp body from the prior art; 
         FIG. 2  is a procedure and device to produce a textured support surface for electrical conductors within a clamp body using embossing equipment; 
         FIG. 3  procedure and device to produce a textured support surface for electrical conductors within a clamp body using impact equipment; 
         FIG. 4  a support surface textured using embossing equipment for electrical conductors with a recess; 
         FIG. 5  a support surface textured using embossing equipment for electrical conductors with a raised projection; and 
         FIG. 6  a support surface textured using embossing equipment for electrical conductors with a recess and a raised projection. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference Index List 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                  1 
                 Clamp body 
               
               
                   
                  2 
                 Aperture for clamp screw 
               
               
                   
                  3 
                 Aperture for electrical conductor 
               
               
                   
                  4 
                 Cavity 
               
               
                   
                  5 
                 Floor surface 
               
               
                   
                  6, 6 
                 ′oblique surface 
               
               
                   
                  7, 7 
                 ′sidewall 
               
               
                   
                  8 
                 Upper surface 
               
               
                   
                  9 
                 Texture (within clamp body) 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 Drilled hole 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 Recess 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 Sidewalls 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 Upper wall 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 Floor surface 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 Device 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 Embossing tool 
               
               
                   
                 17 
                 Embossing-stamp texture 
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 Embossing position 
               
               
                   
                 19 
                 Pressure spindle 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 Embossing stamp 
               
               
                   
                 21 
                 Inner side 1 
               
               
                   
                 22 
                 Inner side 2 
               
               
                   
                 23 
                 Perpendicular axis 
               
               
                   
                 24 
                 Inclination 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 Crown-shaped projection 
               
               
                   
                 26 
                 Micro-texture 
               
               
                   
                 27 
                 Contour 
               
               
                   
                 28 
                 Floor thickness 
               
               
                   
                 29 
                 Front face 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 Rear face 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     A clamp body  1  known from the State of the Art is shown in  FIG. 1  as an example with a first aperture  2  to receive a clamp screw (not shown) with a second aperture ( 3 ) to receive an electrical conductor (not shown) into a cavity  4  that is formed by the inner surfaces  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8 . The inner surfaces  5 ,  6  serve the electrical conductor as support surface and contact surface. The inner surfaces  5 ,  6  may possess a texture  9 . This texture is created through the drilled hole  10  that extends obliquely through the entire clamp body  1  and/or perpendicular through the sidewalls  12 . The drilled hole  10  causes the normally two-dimensional penetrating inner surfaces  5 ,  6 ,  7  to be interrupted. The interruption forms a recess  11  caused by the drilled hole  10 , for example in the oblique surface  6  that is also present in the inner sidewall surface  7  and the floor surface  5 . The drilled hole  10  is a penetrating drilled hole  10  that passes through the two sidewalls  12  and the cavity  4 .  FIG. 1  thus shows a perspective view of a clamp body  1  that possesses inner surfaces within a cavity  4  whose textures were created by means of a metal-cutting process. 
     The invention relates to a procedure and a device to produce a clamp body of copper alloy for electro-technical screw terminals with textured surfaces within the cavity that serve as support surfaces for the electrical conductor, whereby the textured surfaces were created using embossing equipment. 
     Application of the production procedure and the device are shown as an example in  FIG. 2 . The device  15  consists of an embossing tool  16  located in  FIG. 2  within the aperture  3  of the cavity  4  of the clamp body  1  and the embossing position  18 . The embossing tool  16  possesses a texture  17  on its underside (the side facing toward the floor surface  5  of the clamp body  1 ). A pressure spindle  19  is located within the aperture  2  of the clamp body  1  that serves to receive the clamp screw that presses perpendicularly onto the embossing tool  16 . The texture  17  contained within the embossing tool  16  is reproduced in one or more inner surfaces of the cavity  4  by means of the force transfer from the pressure spindle  19  onto the embossing tool  16 . In the example of  FIG. 2 , into the oblique surfaces  6 ,  6 ′. The transfer of the texture  17  from the embossing tool  16  into the surfaces  6 ,  6  may be accomplished by means of pressing, striking, hammering, or driving. The pressure spindle  19  can thus operate on the embossing tool  16  using different techniques. After the texture  17  is transferred to the surfaces of the cavity  4 , the clamp body  1  is ejected from the tensioning device (not shown). A clamp body  1  thus produced is shown in  FIG. 4 . 
     As  FIG. 3  shows, the texturing  9  of the inner surfaces of the clamp body  1  may also be by means of impact equipment. The pressure spindle  19  is then itself the bearer of an embossing texture  17 , and serves as embossing stamp  20 , whereby the embossing tool  16  is not required. The embossing stamp  20  is guided through the aperture  2  and forms by means of impact equipment a deepened recess  11  on the oblique surfaces  6 ,  6  of the floor surface  5  and, as applicable, on the sidewall surfaces  7 ,  7 ′. For this, the clamp body  1  is positioned in a tensioning device (not shown), is inclined by a few degrees from the perpendicular axis  23  of the embossing stamp  20 . The angle of inclination  24  may vary between 0° and 10°. The embossing stamp  20  may advantageously be inserted through the aperture  2  into the cavity  4  of the clamp body  1  at this angle of inclination  24  with respect to the perpendicular axis  23  of the embossing stamp  20 . This angle of inclination  24  causes first the inner side( 1 )  21  of the cavity  4  to become textured on surfaces  5 ,  6 ,  7 , and second, by pivoting the embossing stamp  20  or the tensioning device, the inner side( 2 ) on surfaces  5 ,  6 ′,  7 ′. During this process of texturing the inner surfaces, the material of the clamp body  1  may also be driven by moving the embossing stamp  20  from side( 1 ) to side( 2 ). 
     A clamp body produced using the manufacturing procedure and device per  FIG. 2  is shown in  FIG. 4 . In principle, the clamp body  1  consisting of a copper alloy is a geometric body consisting of four walls. Consisting of two perpendicular sidewalls  12 , an upper wall  13  in which the aperture  2  is located for a clamp screw (not shown), and a floor wall  14  across from the upper wall  13  that extends perpendicular to the sidewalls  12 . All walls are formed as one piece. The outer shape of the clamp body  1  may possess different thickness  28  and shape  27  in the floor area. A cavity  4  is located in the center of the clamp body  1  that is accessible from two sides through apertures  3  that are located on the front face  29  and the rear face  30 , and is formed by inner surfaces. The cavity  4  serves to receive the electrical conductor (not shown), and possesses various support surfaces and contact surfaces to clamp and contact the electrical conductor. Two support surfaces  7 ,  7 ′ extend parallel to the perpendicular sidewalls  12 . The support surface of the floor  5  is perpendicular to the support surfaces of the sidewalls  7 ,  7 ′. Two additional oblique support surfaces  6 ,  6  are positioned between the floor surface  5  and the sidewall surfaces  7 ,  7 ′ to increase the contact of the electrical conductor with the support surfaces of the cavity  4 . The oblique support surfaces  6 ,  6 ′ connect the floor surface  5  with the sidewall surfaces  7 ,  7 ′ at an angle of approximately 45°. The oblique surface  6 ,  6 ′ was textured using an embossing tool  16  to increase the clamping effect. The embossing stamp texture  17  of the embossing tool  16  creates a texture  9  in the oblique surface  6 ,  6 ′. This texture  9  is implemented, for example, as a recess  11 , and is also known as a bead. The production of several beads  11  in an oblique surface  6 ,  6 ′ is also conceivable. 
     The texture  17  of the embossing tool  16  may also create a raised projection in the oblique surface  6 ,  6 ′ in the form of a crown-shaped projection  25  (see  FIG. 5 ). Also, a combination of recesses  11  and crown-shaped projections  25  may be created as a texture  9  in the oblique surfaces  6 ,  6 ′ for further increase of the clamping effect for electrical conductors, particularly in special applications.  FIG. 6  shows this textured implementation form. An alternating series of crown-shaped projections and recesses  11  creates waved textures in the oblique surfaces  6 ,  6 ′, whereby the material pressed into the recesses  11  may be used to raise the crown-shaped projections  25 . The texturing of the sidewalls  7 ,  7 ′, advantageously with micro-textures  26  is possible using embossing equipment, whereby the depth of the micro-texture may lie within the range of 1 micrometer to 0.1 millimeter. For this, the clamp body  1  requires merely that it be rotated through 90°, the embossing tool be guided into place, and textured as before using procedure described above, whereby the pressure spindle  19  is not guided through the aperture  2 , but rather projects along the front face surface  29  of the clamp body  1  up to the embossing tool  16  that is projecting from the cavity  4 . 
     The present invention is not intended to be limited to a device or method which must satisfy one or more of any stated or implied objects or features of the invention and should not be limited to the preferred, exemplary, or primary embodiment(s) described herein. Modifications and substitutions by one of ordinary skill in the art are considered to be within the scope of the present invention, which is not to be limited except by the allowed claims and their legal equivalents.