Abstract:
A fastening system ( 10 ) for hanging mountable overhead containers ( 12 ) is provided. The system includes at least one pair of support lugs ( 20, 22 ) mounted on a support structure ( 14 ) or on the overhead container ( 12 ). The support lugs ( 20, 22 ) can be detachably connected to each other by a pin ( 30 ) that can be drawn back in a pin guide ( 40 ) and thereby spring-loaded in the exit direction. When the support lug ( 22 ) attached to the overhead container ( 12 ) is inserted into the support lug ( 20 ) having the pin guide ( 40 ) when installing the container, the pin ( 30 ) is unlatched in the pin guide ( 40 ) and automatically moves out into the support eye ( 22 ) attached to the overhead container ( 12 ). Using a lever joined ( 60 ) to the pin guide ( 40 ) by a hinge, the pin ( 30 ) can be moved out completely into an end position, and locked in said position. In order to remove the overhead container ( 12 ), the lever ( 60 ) must simply be pivoted back.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     The invention relates to a fastening system for hanging, mountable overhead containers, such as baggage compartments in aircraft, with at least one pair of support lugs attached to a support structure or to an overhead container, with a pin for the detachable interconnection of the support lugs, and with receptacle sleeves for the pin, wherein these sleeves are attached to the support lugs and are flush with each other in a mounted position of the overhead container. Below, such a fastening system is indeed described in its use for the mounting of overhead containers, such as baggage compartments, on the support structure of aircraft, but such a fastening system could be used anywhere the task is to mount hanging overhead containers. One support lug provided with the pin guide is indeed fastened advantageously to the support structure, but the support lugs of a pair could be interchanged. In the development of cabins for newer types of aircraft, such as, for example, the Airbus A350, one goal is to design each element to be fastened to the fuselage of the aircraft, such as restrooms, galleys, passenger seats, cabin power networks, cabin lighting, and air nozzles, overhead containers, and rear-panel shelves, as a complete cabin module, wherein, however, all of the connection points should be constructed as flexible, standardized interfaces and wherein simplified fastener designs should be used that allow assembly and disassembly without the use of tools (cf., the article “Cabin Development—New Approach for the A350—Cabin Customization,” One (magazine), German edition, Dec. 18, 2006, pg. 23). 
     In a known fastening system of the type noted above, which is used for the hanging assembly of baggage compartments in aircraft, more than three persons are required for the assembly of each baggage compartment. At least three persons lift the baggage compartment into an assembly position. The support lugs of each pair are connected to each other by a respective bolt (which is a loose part). For the assembly of these bolts, special tools, such as hammers, pliers, etc. are required. Furthermore, the known fastening system does indeed allow a secure fastening of the baggage compartments to the support structure, wherein the fastening system distinguishes itself through light weight, good force absorption, low parts prices, and a small number of components, but in contrast to these features, it has long assembly and disassembly times, a relatively large number of persons required for the assembly and disassembly of a baggage compartment, and the requirement of tools. The loose bolts can also be lost. These restrictions lead to the result that, in the cabin configuration of aircraft, attention must be given to managing with as few variants as possible. This is associated with a loss of flexibility in the cabin configuration. A disadvantageous effect is that the disassembly is complicated, because the bolts can be detached again only with difficulty and typically only with special tools. 
     From the document EP 0 514 957 A1, a fastening system for hanging mountable overhead containers such as baggage compartments on an airplane is known, that uses suspended mounting rails that are attached to the fuselage of the aircraft. The baggage compartments are mounted rollers which engage in longitudinal cavities formed in the rails. To lock the hanging-mounted luggage compartments, two types of locks are used, namely, overhead bars, which are fastened to the rails and keep the wheels on the rails, but manually releasable, so that the rollers and thus the luggage compartments can be removed from the rails. The second type of locking is done by outboard couplings, the compartments are mounted on the ceilings and engage outboard bolts which are fastened to the supporting structure. The outboard bolts are coupled to the overhead rails and work simultaneously with the overhead rails. A mechanic can manually operate the overhead bars, whereby both the overhead bars as well as moving the outboard latch in the unlocked position allow removal of the ceiling compartment. The outboard bolts are used to further secure the baggage compartments in their position however, they do not provide a support function for the suspended installation of baggage compartments. 
     SUMMARY 
     The objective of the invention is to form a fastening system of the type noted above while maintaining the assembly with pins and eyebolts such that it allows a quicker and easier assembly and disassembly of overhead containers, such as baggage compartments, to a support structure, in particular, in wide-bodied aircraft, wherein the assembly and disassembly should be possible with two persons, without special tools, and without loose parts. 
     This objective is thereby met according to the invention in that a compression spring ( 34 ) for biasing and retraction of the pin is arranged in the pin guide ( 40 ), and that for locking the retracted pin ( 30 ) a transversely of the pin ( 30 ) movable locking element ( 42 ) is located in a recess ( 44 ) in one of the pins ( 30 ), and that a lever ( 60 ) is hinged to manually pull back the pin ( 30 ) into the pin guide ( 40 ) and for further extension of the pin ( 30 ) into the receptacle sleeve ( 26 ) of an support lug ( 20 ). 
     In the fastening system according to the invention, the not-extended pin is located under spring biasing tension in the pin guide. The pin is thus not a loose part, but instead captively assembled in advance on one of the support lugs of the pair. This allows the assembly of an overhead container by fewer persons than in the prior art, because the overhead containers merely need to be lifted until the receptacle sleeves attached to the support lugs are essentially flush with each other. In this way, the pin is unlocked that is then extended by the existing spring biasing tension into the receptacle sleeve of the other support lug. Thus, the overhead container is already locked onto one support lug. The pin could then be extended completely by hand if necessary and inserted into the receptacle sleeve of one support lug. The disassembly is possible in the reverse sequence just as easily, without a special tool being required for extending and retracting the pin. One of the persons who have lifted the overhead container upward into the assembled position is free after the first locking of the other support lug to the first support lug and can work on the final extension of the pin. The fastening system according to the invention thus allows a simpler assembly and disassembly of hanging, mountable overhead containers, such as baggage compartments, in aircraft with less effort by personnel. The safety is also therefore increased, because there are no loose parts that could be lost and could cause disruptions. Simultaneously, more flexibility is achieved for the cabin equipment. The simple fastening system according to the invention allows many more variants than in the prior art. 
     In the fastening system according to the invention, a first locking element moving transverse to the pin engages in a recess formed on the pin for locking the retracted pin. This allows the pin retracted into the pin guide to be locked detachably in this position in which it is spring-loaded with the help of the first locking element that engages in the recess formed on the pin. The first locking element is unlocked in that the receptacle sleeves of the support lug pair are brought at least approximately into alignment. As soon as the first locking element leaves the recess formed on the pin, the pin is extended into the receptacle sleeve of the first support lug provided with the pin guide due to the spring biasing tension. 
     Further, in the fastening system according to the invention, a compression spring is arranged in the pin guide for the biasing and extending of the pin. This compression spring is tensioned in the retracted position of the pin, so that the automatic extending of the pin is guaranteed as soon as the locking element is removed from the recess formed on the pin. 
     Additionally, in the fastening system according to the invention, a lever is hinged on the pin guide for the manual retraction of the pin into the pin guide and for the extension of the pin into the receptacle sleeve of the first support lug. Through the biasing by the compression spring, the pin is extended into the receptacle sleeve of the other support lug when the pin is unlocked. With the lever, the pin can then be extended farther by hand until its free end is located in the receptacle sleeve of the first support lug provided with the pin guide. This end position of the pin corresponds to a final position of the lever that simultaneously thus prevents a retraction of the pin into the pin guide. 
     In a construction of the fastening system according to the invention, the locking element is a part of a release bracket that is supported so that it can move on the first support lug and can be displaced through the other support lug when the receptacle sleeves of the support lugs are brought into alignment. By lifting the overhead container into the assembled position, the release bracket is activated by the other support lug. In this way, the locking element is moved out from the recess formed on the pin, so that the pin is then extended automatically due to its spring biasing, in order to lock the other support lug on the first support lug provided with the pin guide. 
     In another construction of the fastening system according to the invention, the release bracket is biased in the direction of the pin guide and the receptacle sleeve of the first support lug by at least one additional compression spring. In this way it is guaranteed that the locking element engages in the recess formed on the pin as long as the other support lug has not been introduced into the first support lug provided with the pin guide, in order to lift the release bracket. 
     In another construction of the fastening system according to the invention, the lever can be locked detachably in a closed position by a securing device. In this way, the lever itself is also secured against undesired backward movement. The fastening system is thus secured against detachment of the pin, whether due to vibrations or other mechanical conditions. 
     In another construction of the fastening system according to the invention, the lever engages in the closed position with its free end in a spring-loaded part of the securing device and is held back by this part. For this purpose, it would be sufficient to form an opening in which one end of the lever engages when closed in the spring-loaded part of the securing device. 
     Therefore, because the lever can be locked detachably in the closed position by the securing device, it is guaranteed that the lever and thus the pin cannot move backward unintentionally from the receptacle sleeve. When lifting and inserting the other support lug with the overhead container, it must be guaranteed that the pin is retracted into the pin guide in the opened state. The other support lug thus could be positioned unimpaired with its receptacle sleeve in the axis of the pin. Only through the mechanical detachment of the locking element from the pin, this could penetrate into the receptacle sleeve of the first support lug provided with the pin guide through the biasing loading of its compression spring. 
     In another construction of the fastening system according to the invention, a spring that brings the lever from its closed position when the securing device is detached is attached to the lever. Therefore, the lever in the closed position is pressed against the opening or a stop on the spring-loaded part of the securing device. The securing effect is thus not only reinforced, but the lever is automatically folded up at least to a certain extent when the securing device is released. Therefore it is easier to grip the lever by hand and to release the support lugs completely from each other by moving the pin backward into the pin guide. 
     In another construction of the fastening system according to the invention, the lever forms, with a connection element hinged on the pin, an articulated lever for extending and retracting as well as for securing the pin. After the pin has been pushed by its compression spring automatically into the receptacle sleeve of the other support lug, through subsequent closing of the lever, the mutual locking of the support lugs through the pin can now be finally secured. 
     In another construction of the fastening system according to the invention, a first pair of support lugs and a second pair of support lugs are attached to each other at two adjacent hanging points of two adjacent overhead containers to a multiple-compartment mounting bracket attached to the support structure. The arrangement is here affected so that, in the case of assembled overhead containers, for example, the first overhead container with the first support lug pair is prevented from evasive movement in the X, Y, and Z directions and the other overhead container with the second support lug pair is prevented from evasive movement in the Y and Z directions. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Embodiments of the invention are explained in detail below with reference to the drawings. Shown are: 
         FIG. 1  is a longitudinal section view of a fastening system according to the invention in the disassembled state, 
         FIG. 2  is a view of the fastening system according to  FIG. 1  in a first phase of an assembled state, 
         FIG. 3  is a view of the fastening system according to  FIG. 1  in a completely assembled state, 
         FIG. 4  is a view of a fastening system according to the invention with two pairs of support lugs for the simultaneous fastening of two adjacent overhead containers at two adjacent hanging points, wherein one support lug pair is shown in the mounted state and one support lug pair is shown in the disassembled state, 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the fastening system according to  FIG. 4 , and 
         FIG. 6  is an exploded view of the fastening system according to  FIGS. 4 and 5 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  shows, in a longitudinal section view, a fastening system designated overall with  10  for the hanging assembly of an overhead container  12  only indicated in  FIG. 1  on a support structure  14  only indicated in  FIG. 1 . The overhead container  12  could involve a baggage compartment or the like in an aircraft. The fastening system  10  comprises a pair of support lugs that are designated overall with  20  or  22 . The support lug  20  is formed for attaching to the support structure  14 . The support lug  22  is attached to the overhead container  12 . The two support lugs  20 ,  22  could be interchanged, as already mentioned above. The fastening system  10  is shown in  FIG. 1  in the disassembled state, that is, the support lugs  20 ,  22  are not connected to each other by a pin  30 , as shown for the assembled state in  FIG. 3 , but instead still separated from each other. Using the pin  30 , the support lugs  20 ,  22  can be connected detachably to each other. Consequently, the two support lugs will now be described first in detail. 
     The support lug  20  is a component on which two forks are formed, namely an upper fork  20   a  in the diagram in  FIG. 1  and a lower fork  20   b  in the diagram in  FIG. 1 . For fastening the support lug  20  on the support structure  14 , this is accommodated between the two legs of the upper fork  20   a . A tight connection is produced with the help of a screw  24  that is guided through the passage hole  14   a  into the support structure  14 . For fixing the screw in the upper fork  20   a , a not-shown nut or a threaded hole formed in the fork leg at the right in  FIG. 1  could be used. A multiple-compartment mounting bracket  100  could be arranged between the upper fork  20   a  and the support structure  14  according to  FIG. 5 , wherein this mounting bracket will be discussed in detail farther below. In the right leg of the lower fork  20   b , a receptacle sleeve  26  for the pin  30  is attached. In the left leg of the lower fork  20   b , that is, flush with the receptacle sleeve  26 , a pin guide  40  is attached as shown on the axis of the receptacle sleeve  26 . The two forks  20   a  and  20   b  and thus the support lug  20  are divided along a joint  32  and thus can be disassembled as can be recognized in  FIG. 6  in the exploded-view diagram in which the support lug  20  is shown at the top left. 
     The pin  30  is shown retracted into the pin guide  40  in  FIG. 1 . The pin  30  is locked in the retracted position by a locking element  42  that moves transverse relative to the pin and engages in a recess  44  formed on the pin  30 . The recess  44  is formed in the shown embodiment as a ring groove. The locking element  42  is a part of a release bracket  46  that is supported so that it can move on the support lug  20  and is biased in the direction of the pin guide  40  and the receptacle sleeve  26  of the support lug  20  by two compression springs  48 . The release bracket has two legs of which the first is a locking element  42  and of which the other is formed like the locking element  42  but is used only as a guide. These two arms are connected rigidly to each other by a transverse pin  50 . The support lug  22  comes in contact with the transverse pin  50  when the overhead container  12  is lifted, in order to bring the support lugs mutually into an assembled position that is described in even more detail farther below. Due to the biasing loading by the compression springs  48 , the locking element  60  remains locked in the recess  44  of the pin  30  and thus the pin  30  remains in its position shown in  FIG. 1  in which it is biased by a compression spring  34  in the direction of the receptacle sleeve  26  as long as the release bracket  46  is not lifted by the support lug  22 . The compression spring  34  is indicated in  FIG. 1  and is not shown in  FIG. 6 . 
     A lever  60  is hinged on the pin guide  40 . A connection element  62  is hinged at its one end on the lever  60  and at its other end on the pin  30 . The hinged connection on the pin  30  comprises a hinge pin  64  that projects outward into two opposing longitudinal slots  66  of the pin guide  40  and is supported in two corresponding holes of the connection element  42 . The lever  60  thus forms, with the connection element  62 , an articulated lever for extending and retracting as well as for securing the pin  30 . By pivoting the lever  60  in the counterclockwise direction in the position shown in  FIG. 1 , the pin  30  is retracted in the pin guide  40  until the locking element  42  engages in the recess  44 . When pulled back, the compression spring  34  is tensioned. For extending the pin  30  from the pin guide  40 , which is described in detail farther below, the lever  60  is pivoted in the clockwise direction until it lies on the pin guide  40  in a closed position shown in  FIG. 3 . The pin guide  40  carries a securing device  70  that is formed as a type of spring bracket. When the lever  60  is pivoted in the clockwise direction, it presses, with its free end, the securing device  70  in  FIG. 1  to the right and finally reaches, with its free end, into an opening  72 , whereupon the securing device  70  is pivoted back and the lever  60  is held tight in the closed position. A leaf spring  68  that brings the lever  60  out from the closed position when the securing device  70  is released is attached to the lever  60 . 
     The support lug  22  comprises a lug  80  in which a receptacle sleeve  86  is supported centrally for the pin  30  in an impact damping bushing  88 . The impact damping bushing  88  is supported in the lug  80  in  FIG. 1  at the right on a ring shoulder  82  and is held by a spring ring  84  in the lug  80 . The lug  80  is part of a bracket  90  that is fastened to the outside of the overhead container  12 . 
     With reference to the diagram in  FIGS. 1-3 , the assembly and the disassembly of the overhead container  12  will now be described.  FIG. 1  shows the starting positions of the support lugs  20  and  22 . In the starting position of the support lug  20 , the pin  30  is inserted into the pin guide  40  and locked by the locking element  42 . The compression spring  34  is tensioned. Several persons now lift the overhead container  12  until the support lug  22  impacts against the transverse pin  50  of the release bracket  46  and presses the release bracket  46  upward. Therefore, the locking element  42  is lifted and leaves the recess  44 . Here, the receptacle sleeves  26  and  86  of the support lugs  20  or  22  are brought into alignment. Through the tensioned compression spring  34 , the now unlocked pin  30  is pushed into the receptacle sleeve  86  of the support lug  22  as shown in  FIG. 2 . The lever  60  is here automatically pivoted somewhat in the clockwise direction, as also shown in  FIG. 2 . The overhead container  12  is now already locked in advance to the support lug  20 , so that at least one of the persons who have lifted the overhead container  12  into the assembled position is free to actuate the lever  60  and to secure the overhead container  12  finally in its assembled position. For this purpose, the operator pivots the lever  60  from the position shown in  FIG. 2  farther in the clockwise direction into the closed position shown in  FIG. 3  in which the leaf spring  68  lies on the pin guide  40  on the outside, just like the lever  60 , wherein the lever  60  is held in this position by the securing device  70 . When moving into this closed position, the pin  30  is shifted farther to the right by the lever  60  by the connection element  62  until it assumes the position shown in  FIG. 3  in which the pin  30  is received into the receptacle sleeve  26  of the support lug  20 . 
     For disassembly of the overhead container  12 , the securing device  70  is moved somewhat to the right from the position shown in  FIG. 3  until the securing device  70  releases the lever  60 . This is pressed somewhat upward by the leaf spring  68  that is supported on the pin guide  40 , so that it can be easily gripped by hand and can be moved in the counterclockwise direction via the position according to  FIG. 2  into the final position according to  FIG. 1  in which the pin  30  is pulled back again into the pin guide  40 , the locking element  42  is locked again in the recess  44  and the compression spring  34  is tensioned again. 
     According to the diagram in  FIGS. 4-6 , a first pair of support lugs  20 ,  22  and a second pair of support lugs  20 ′,  22 ′ are attached one next to the other at two adjacent hanging points of two adjacent overhead containers  12 ,  12 ′ to a multiple-compartment mounting bracket  100  affixed to the support structure  14  and, indeed, in the assembled state in  FIG. 5  and in the disassembled state in  FIG. 4 . The support lug  20 ′ differs from the support lug  20  only in that it is not divided along a joint and that it also still has a centering cap  52  that guides the support lug  22 ′ into a central position, in order to simplify bringing the receptacle sleeves  36 ,  86  into alignment. The support lug  20  itself is shaped on the inside so that the support lug  22  is guided into a central position. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS 
     
         
           10  Fastening system 
           12 ,  12 ′ Overhead container 
           14  Support structure 
           14   a  Passage hole 
           20 ,  20 ′ Support lug 
           20   a  Upper fork 
           20   b  Lower fork 
           22 ,  22 ′ Support lug 
           24  Screw 
           26  Receptacle sleeve 
           30  Pin 
           32  Joint 
           34  Compression spring 
           36  Receptacle sleeve 
           40  Pin guide 
           42  Locking element 
           44  Recess 
           46  Release bracket 
           48  Compression spring 
           50  Transverse pin 
           52  Centering cap 
           60  Lever 
           62  Connection element 
           64  Link pin 
           66  Longitudinal slot 
           68  Leaf spring 
           70  Securing device 
           72  Opening 
           80  Lug 
           82  Ring shoulder 
           84  Spring ring 
           86  Receptacle sleeve 
           88  Impact damping bushing 
           90  Bracket 
           100  Multi-compartment mounting bracket