Abstract:
Provided herein are various systems and methods for storing, accessing, and utilizing information regarding medical image montages.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/522,633, filed Aug. 11, 2011, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     There is a need for innovations that increase the efficiency and accuracy of interpretation of medical imaging exams. 
     SUMMARY 
     For purposes of this summary, certain aspects, advantages, and novel features of the invention are described herein. It is to be understood that not necessarily all such advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught or suggested herein. 
     In one embodiment, a method of customizing display of montages comprises determining montage characteristics associated with a montage including a plurality of medical images, the montage characteristics including: an arrangement of the plurality of medical images on one or more display devices of a computing system having one or more hardware processors, display characteristics of the medical images, the display characteristics including one or more of magnification, window, level, brightness, contrast, color presentation, centering, cropping, filters, annotations, or insets, and one or more characteristics of the one or more display devices, and storing the montage characteristics so that the montage characteristics are available for use by computing systems in determining how to display the plurality of images. In one embodiment, the one or more characteristics of the one or more display devices includes a resolution of the one or more display devices. In one embodiment, the one or more characteristics of the one or more display device includes an aspect ratio of the one or more display device. In one embodiment, the arrangement of the plurality of medical images includes a number of rows and columns of medical images in the montage on the one or more display devices. In one embodiment, the arrangement of the plurality of medical images includes indications of specific locations of each medical image in the montage. In one embodiment, the arrangement of the plurality of medical images includes indications of an order that medical images of the montage are displayed. In one embodiment, the method further comprises storing an association between the montage characteristics and an exam. In one embodiment, the montage characteristics are configured for automatic use in displaying medical images on a remote computing device in response to selection of the exam for viewing by a user of the remote computing device. 
     In one embodiment, the method further comprises, in response to a user selection of the montage for display as a result of manual input or automated actions initiated by the user, based on stored display preferences of the user, based on manual input from the user, and/or based on stored system display preference rules, displaying the medical images of the montage in a dynamically customized manner, so that instead of the medical images appearing identically to the montage: the medical images of the montage are arranged to better fit an aspect ratio of a display monitor, the medical images of the montage are individually displayed one at a time instead of as a multi-image montage, or the medical images of the montage are displayed in some other manner, such as two at a time. 
     In one embodiment, the method further comprises, in response to input from a user of a first computing system for display of the montage on a first display of the first computing system, based on a comparison of an aspect ratio and/or resolution of the first display and the determined one or more characteristics of the one or more display devices in the montage characteristics, displaying one or more images of the montage on the first display. In one embodiment, a quantity of medical images of the montage and/or an arrangement of medical images of the montage that are concurrently displayed on the first display is reduced in response to determining that the resolution of the first display is less than a resolution stored in the montage characteristics. In one embodiment, a quantity of images of the montage and/or an arrangement of images of the montage that are concurrently displayed on the first display is adjusted in response to determining that the aspect ratio of the first display is different than an aspect ratio stored in the montage characteristics. In one embodiment, images of the montage are displayed on respective computing systems based on rules indicating relationships between display characteristics of respective computing systems and quantities, arrangements, and/or image characteristics for use in displaying images of the montage. 
     In one embodiment, a method of displaying medical images of a montage comprises determining a display environment of a computing device on which the medical images of the montage are to be displayed, the display environment including one or more of a resolution of one or more display devices and an aspect ratio of the one or more display devices, accessing montage characteristics associated with the montage, the montage characteristics including indications of a plurality of images in the montage, an order of the plurality of images, and one or more display characteristics of respective images of the plurality of images, based on the display environment, displaying one or more of the plurality of images on the one or more display devices in accordance with the montage characteristics. 
     In one embodiment, in response to determining that the display environment is not suitable for concurrent display of all of the medical images of the montage on the one or more display devices and/or that user or system rules indicate that not all of the medical images should be concurrently displayed on the one or more display devices, concurrently displaying only a subset of the medical images according to the order indicated in the montage characteristics. In one embodiment, a user of the computing device is provided with controls that allow movement between the medical images in accordance with the order indicated in the montage characteristics. In one embodiment, the subset of the medical images includes only a single image. In one embodiment, the subset of the medical images are displayed on the one or more display devices in accordance with rules configured to determine a layout of the subset of medical images. In one embodiment, the rules indicate associations between quantities of images to be concurrently displayed and respective display resolutions and/or aspect ratios. In one embodiment, the montage characteristics include the rules. In one embodiment, the rules are associated with a user of the computing device and/or a user group of which the user of the computing device is a member. In one embodiment, the montage characteristics further comprise one or more characteristics of a computing system on which the montage was displayed when the montage characteristics were generated. In one embodiment, the display environment is determined to not be suitable for concurrently displaying all of the plurality of images if the one or more display devices are of a resolution that is small that a resolution of one or more display devices on which the montage was created and/or the one or more display devices are of an aspect ratio that is different than the one or more display devices on which the montage was created. In one embodiment, the plurality of images includes images from a plurality of image series. In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of images includes a cine loop of images, a DICOM series of images, or a DICOM multi-frame image. 
     In one embodiment, the method further comprises, in response to determining that the display environment is suitable to display the montage that was displayed when the montage characteristics were generated, displaying a montage image file comprising a snapshot of the montage as displayed when the montage characteristics were generated. In one embodiment, the display environment is determined to be suitable to display the montage if the one or more display devices are capable of displaying the montage image file at a native resolution of the montage image file. In one embodiment, the display environment is determined to be suitable to display the montage if the one or more display devices are a same resolution or higher than the resolution of one or more display devices on which the montage was displayed when the montage characteristics were generated. In one embodiment, the montage characteristics are only stored and/or used for display of the montage for montages having images from multiple image series. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a sample montage that may be displayed on a computing device of a user, such as a radiologist or doctor. 
         FIG. 2  is another example of a montage with a different number of images, including images that are formatted differently and include annotations (e.g., arrows pointing to areas of specific interest). 
         FIG. 3  is a sample screen shot of information displayed on a monitor by image viewing/manipulation software, such as DR Systems Unity RIS/PACS. 
         FIG. 4  is another sample screen shot of information displayed on a monitor including, in this specific example, an Advanced Beneficiary Notice and a clinical report template. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a sample toolbox that may be used to select items for display on multiple monitors. 
         FIG. 6  is a sample user interface that may be displayed to a user when a non-matching exam type is ordered, received, or otherwise accessed. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a sample screenshot of a user interface that may be used to link a form with one or more of an exam type, insurance plan, acquisition site, or other link. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a sample screenshot of a user interface that allows selection and/or viewing of an attribute indicating whether or not a particular form needs to be returned to the medical facility (e.g., after completion by a patient). 
         FIG. 9  is a system diagram which shows the various components of a system for performing the system and methods described above. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments of the disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures, wherein like numerals refer to like elements throughout. The terminology used in the description presented herein is not intended to be interpreted in any limited or restrictive manner, simply because it is being utilized in conjunction with a detailed description of certain specific embodiments of the disclosure. Furthermore, embodiments of the disclosure may include several novel features, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes or which is essential to practicing the embodiments of the disclosure herein described. 
     As used herein, the terms “viewer” and “user” are used interchangeably to describe an individual (or group of individuals) that interfaces with a computing device. Users may include, for example, doctors, radiologists, hospital staff, or other individuals involved in acquisition, analysis, storage, management, or other tasks related to medical images. In other embodiments, users may include any individuals or groups of individuals that generate, transmit, view, and/or otherwise work with images of any type. Any discussion herein of user preferences should be construed to also, or alternatively, include user group preferences, site preferences, system preferences, and/or default software preferences. 
     Depending on the embodiment, the methods described with reference to the flowcharts, as well as any other methods discussed herein, may include fewer or additional blocks and/or the blocks may be performed in a different order than is illustrated. Software code configured for execution on a computing device in order to perform the methods may be provided on a tangible computer readable medium, such as a compact disc, digital video disc, flash drive, hard drive, memory device or any other tangible medium. Such software code may be stored, partially or fully, on a memory of a computing device (e.g., RAM, ROM, etc.), such as the computing system  150  (see discussion of  FIG. 1 , below), and/or other computing devices illustrated in the figures, in order to perform the respective methods. For ease of explanation, the methods will be described herein as performed by the computing system  150 , but the methods are not limited to performance by the computing system  150  and should be interpreted to include performance by any one or more of the computing devices noted herein and/or any other suitable computing device. 
     Montage Customizations 
       FIG. 1  is a sample montage that may be displayed on a computing device of a user, such as a radiologist or doctor. In the illustration of  FIG. 1 , the images of the montage are those selected by the reading physician as key images, such as at the time of review of an MRI of the Brain. The exam may include several image series, and hundreds or thousands of images. In one embodiment, the radiologist composes the montage by selecting one or more key images from one or more image series, and by adjusting various view settings of the images, such as window/level settings, centering, cropping, magnification, annotations, insets, etc. The same image might be selected more than once, but shown on the montage with different window/level settings, centering, cropping, magnification, annotations, insets, etc.  FIG. 2  is another example of a montage with a different number of images, including images that are formatted differently and include annotations (e.g., arrows pointing to areas of specific interest). 
     In one embodiment, montages are saved as separate files, such as separate image files that are essentially a screenshot of a montage (e.g., a snapshot of the montages of  FIG. 1  or  2 ). Thus, the montage that is configured by the viewer (e.g. radiologist or doctor) may be recalled at a later time. In one embodiment, the montage image file may be notated as a key image, such as according to the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) specification. The montage might include images from multiple examinations, or might include reference images such as illustrations or medical images exemplifying pathological or normal conditions. 
     In another embodiment, a montage having 1 or more images can be stored in one or multiple ways, including (1) storage of the complete composite montage image and/or (2) storage of sufficient information regarding each image so that the entire montage can be recreated upon future display or the individually stored images can be displayed, depending on the user&#39;s preferences, depending on the display environment (such as aspect ratio of the display window, monitor resolution, a combination of user preferences and display environment, or other factors.) For example, information regarding the arrangement of images in the montage, as well as information regarding display settings of respective images (e.g., magnification, brightness, centering, cropping, filters, annotations, insets, etc.) may be stored. These montage characteristics may then be recalled at a future time and used to re-build the montage. In this embodiment, storage of an image of the entire montage may not be necessary, while in other embodiments the montage image (e.g., a snapshot of the montage) may be stored and used in certain circumstances, such as when the montage is to be displayed on a display having essentially the same resolution and aspect ratio as the display on which the montage was originally created. As used herein, the arrangement information included in montage characteristics may include a number of rows and columns of medical images in the montage, indications of specific locations of each medical image in the montage, indications of an order that medical images of the montage are displayed, and/or any other information that may be usable to read construct a montage on the same or another computing device based on the layout of the montage images. 
     Additionally, other information related to the montage display/configuration may be stored (and later accessed to rebuild the montage or a montage of different images in the same configuration). For example, information regarding the device on which the montage was generated may be stored. In one embodiment, the resolution of the display device and/or size of a window in which the montage is created (e.g., horizontal pixels by vertical pixels) may be stored. Thus, the system (e.g., the device that will display the images and/or a device that is serving the images) may automatically select the format of the montage (such as 4×2 vs. 2×4) based on the aspect ratio of the images compared to the aspect ratio/orientation of the monitor. In another embodiment, the montage may be displayed in a manually sizable window, and the format of the montage may be automatically and optionally dynamically adjusted based on the aspect ratio of the window. In another embodiment, as images are added to the montage, the display format is automatically adjusted based on the aspect ratio of the montage window, the aspect ratio of the added images, and/or the number of images added. 
     Similarly, orientation of the display device (e.g., portrait or landscape), as well as matrix information (e.g., the number of rows and columns of images, e.g., 4 images×2 images or 6 images×4 images) may be stored in a set of montage characteristics (e.g., a file that is associated with an exam or added to header information to one or more exam files). Thus, multiple sets of montage characteristics that include the same (or some of the same) images may be stored and selected based on characteristics of the computing device that later displays the montage, such as the display size. Accordingly, a first set of montage characteristics may be automatically selected for viewing of images of a particular exam on a tablet computer while a second set of montage characteristics may be automatically selected for viewing of images of the same particular exam on a desktop computer with a monitor having a much higher resolution. The computing device that displays the montage may automatically select the appropriate set of montage characteristics, without any input from the user. For example, montage characteristics may be stored with a particular exam, such that when that exam is later recalled by any computing system, montage characteristics may be accessed in order to reconstruct part or all of the montage. In some embodiments, montage characteristics are used by a viewing computing system to rebuild all (or parts of the montage) according to rules for doing so, such as user or system rules. Thus, the montage characteristics essentially provide information that is usable by a viewing computing system to view portions or all of the montage in accordance with a viewing environment and/or user preferences. 
     In one embodiment, the multiple images of a montage are simultaneously saved as key images (e.g., key DICOM objects) so that the images may be easily identified for inclusion in a montage that is generated based on stored montage characteristics. 
     As noted above, montage characteristics may be automatically selected based on the user, the display monitor (such as its resolution, aspect ratio, Smartphone vs PC monitor, etc), and/or other characteristics of an image viewing environment. Montage characteristics may be used to display the entire montage in the arrangement originally used by the viewer. In one embodiment, the user may cycle through other images of images series to which key images belong, keeping the same display characteristics as the key image as a default. 
     In another embodiment, an image may be one of many images in an image series, such as one axial image of a number of stacked axial images of the patient. In this case, in one embodiment, when an image is added to the montage the system may retain information related to the entire series of images so that a user may manipulate the montage image to also access other images in the same series. 
     By saving the key object information, a user can preserve the ability to manipulate each image individually, even when the images are displayed in the grouped montage mode. 
     Customized Display of Documents/Dialogs 
       FIG. 3  is a sample screen shot of information displayed on a monitor by image viewing/manipulation software, such as DR Systems Unity RIS/PACS. The large dialog that fills most of the screen may be referred to as the Requisition, and it contains several tabs, some shown in red (the last three tabs) and others in blue (the first five tabs). Each tab represents a document or dialog associated with one or more imaging exams that are currently displayed on other monitors of a multi-monitor system. For example,  FIG. 4  is a sample screen shot of one such arrangement, where the clinical report template associated with the current exam is displayed on the right, and a scanned document (Advanced Beneficiary Notice) is shown on the left. 
     In some scenarios, a reading physician may want to display the Requisition and the various available documents/dialogs/webforms according to a preferred layout (e.g., a user-preferred layout), including size and position of various available elements. For example, with reference to  FIG. 4 , the user may have displayed the Advanced Beneficiary Notice by selecting one of the tabs from the upper left of the requisition, via another mouse action, keyboard shortcut or audio command, and also displayed the clinical report template through another means, such as a button click, mouse click, hotkey, or audio command. After selecting documents/dialogs for display, the user can adjust the size and position of these objects. Repeating these actions for other patients/exams is repetitive and not efficient. There can be many tabs available on the requisition or elsewhere for display of various categories of display objects, such as clinical reports, scanned documents, photographs, forms, prior exam lists etc. 
     In one advantageous embodiment, when a user sizes and positions a window, the system remembers that size and position for that category of object and for the user (or user group). The system may then automatically recreate that sizing and layout in the future for that user when a document of the category is displayed. Accordingly, each user can size and position these various documents/dialogs, and the system will remember the layout for any workstation across the network that uses a monitor of the same matrix size, while defaulting to a standard configuration for monitors of a different matrix size. In one embodiment, a single user may have multiple arrangements of documents/dialogs that are associated with different monitor sizes that are used by the user. In some embodiment, display settings may be stored for specific documents/dialogs as well, or as an alternative to the category settings discussed above. 
     In one embodiment, the display characteristics are associated with a display size (e.g., the matrix size and/or orientation of a monitor on which the document/dialog was viewed), such that the sizing and layout of documents of that category are displayed in that manner only when requested for viewing on the same or similar display configuration. In this embodiment, the system may select a default display layout for other monitor formats. If the user then sets the sizing and layout for another monitor format, the system will remember both set-ups for the user and make those layouts available to other devices throughout a network, such as a WAN or LAN. Any number of set-ups can be remembered. 
     In one embodiment, the user can open a toolbox, such as the sample toolbox of  FIG. 5 , from any of multiple monitors by clicking a keyboard shortcut or mouse button, or via an audio command. This toolbox includes a list of all of the display objects available on the Requisition or other objects. The user can select any item on the list to immediately display the desired object, and the object will appear in the location associated with the users stored display layout preference or the default layout preference. Thus, the user does not need to drag a mouse to the monitor on which he wants to display the object, and one can control the display of an object on one monitor or in one display window, while working from another monitor or another display window. For example, a single monitor may be large enough to display many windows that might have previously required many monitors. In such an embodiment, the systems and methods discussed herein allow automatic positioning on the single monitor at a location associated with the user account. A reading physician who is viewing images on another monitor (or in another window of a same monitor) can thus control the display of objects on a first monitor without first dragging a mouse or distracting his vision to the first monitor. When the object appears, it follows the stored set-up instructions. 
     Exam Description Mapping 
     RIS, PACS, and other healthcare information systems typically contain a table of Exam Types, which is a list of various medical imaging exams available for selection. The Exam Type table (or “Exam type master file”) may include exam descriptions, modality descriptions, alphanumeric codes, as well as other information about each Exam Type—such as the default title of a clinical report based on that Exam Type, forms that should appear to the user (clerk, patient, technologist, and/or doctor) when that Exam Type is performed or viewed, linked clinical report templates, linked information about required supplies, clinical protocols, payment policies, charges, relative value/productivity units, safety policies and more. In addition, various user or site preferences can be based on the Exam Type or modality, such as which exams should be automatically restored from archive for comparison when a particular Exam Type is scheduled or performed, which and how many exams are displayed for comparison when an exam is viewed, how a particular user prefers images to be displayed, and more. In addition, system automation may depend on the Exam Type table, such as rules automating the pre-fetching of prior comparison exams, reading physician protocols for exam display, automated creation of virtual series, keyboard shortcuts, reading sequences, routing of exams, and more. Therefore, in a sense, the Exam Type master file is a sort of DNA of some healthcare information system. 
     When a RIS/PACS or other related information system receives medical images or orders from external system, the Exam Type information may or may not match up with information already present in the Exam Type table. For example, exams of the same type may be named differently by different acquisition/viewing system. This information might be exchanged via information in a DR RIS, CVIS, DICOM metafile, in an HL-7 message, an order message, billing message, etc. In one embodiment, the system may offer configuration options that specify how the system should respond to a non-matching Exam Type, such as by either holding the processing of the message or exam import, or automatically adding the non-matching Exam Type to the Exam Type master file. However, either of these options prevents automated performance of actions that are customized for a particular exam type due to a non-matching Exam Type. In fact, setting up actions for a non-matching Exam Type often requires manual intervention. Alternatively, automatically adding a non-matching Exam Type to the Exam Type master file may disrupt automated steps that are dependent on a precisely linked and set-up list of Exam Types. 
     In order to make more efficient use of the Exam Type master file, in one embodiment an Exam Type mapping function is defined so that when a non-matching Exam Type is encountered by the system via the variety of different possible messages described above, the system prompts the user (in one or more of many possible manners—such as either a pop-up message, generation of a worklist, text-message of other means) that a non-matching Exam Type was encountered. The user can then map the non-matching Exam Type to the proper Exam Type from the master file, so that if the non-matching Exam Type is again encountered, it can be automatically processed (e.g., without any notification to the user). As a result, and depending on the type of in-bound message, the system might create a new scheduled exam with the internally mapped Exam Type, or import a DICOM imaging exam with the proper internally mapped Exam Type. All of the system automation that depends on the internally mapped Exam Type may then properly occur. 
       FIG. 6  is a sample user interface that may be displayed to a user when a non-matching Exam Type is ordered or received. In this embodiment, the Exam Description may be mapped to an Exam Type already stored in the Exam Type master file so that future exams having the same Exam Description are automatically mapped to the selected Exam Type and its corresponding actions. 
     In one embodiment, in addition to providing the ability to manually map Exam Types as discussed above, the system could apply rules that map Exam Types based on relative matching of character strings or other best match rules related to Exam Codes or other message characteristics. Based on a confidence level of a match, the automated mapping may be applied without further input from the user. For example, if a confidence level of a match is lower (e.g., below 80%) the user may be provided with the most likely matches and provided an opportunity to select from the short list of possible matches, rather than navigating through a list of all Exam Types in the master file. 
     In one embodiment, this mapping may be applied not only to inbound messages/exams, but also to outbound messages returning to external information systems, so that any edits, changes, and/or updates could be communicated back to the original system. 
     Automated Forms to Patient Portal 
     Patient forms may be created and stored as form templates that are referred to in a data structure that links respective form templates with various links. The links can indicate when the forms are automatically presented and where they are automatically filed. For example, a particular form might be linked to a particular insurance, patient sex, patient language, age group, exam type, modality, or other stored information. As a result, when a scheduled exam is selected, the proper forms for that patient can be automatically presented for printing or electronic completion. In addition, the form templates can be linked to a specific naming convention and storage location. For example, one might create a CT Consent Form template and an MRI Consent Form template, and store information such that when either of these templates is used to create a CT Consent Form or MRI Consent Form, these forms are stored with the patient record such that they are labeled as Consent Forms, whereas there might be other form templates that would be stored as Insurance Forms, or Release Forms, etc. 
     In one embodiment, when an exam is scheduled, the proper forms based on the automated links are posted to an internet-accessible location where the proper patient can view, print, or complete the forms. The forms may be automatically labeled with an indentifying barcode, so that if the patient prints and completes the forms on paper, the paper can later be scanned, the bar code identified, and the form thus automatically filed with the proper patient, proper exam, and proper label. Each instance of a form may be provided with a specific identifier so that the information provided in the form (e.g., electronically or manually) may be associated with the proper patient&#39;s record and/or exam, and labeled properly.  FIG. 7  illustrates a sample screenshot of a user interface that may be used to link a form with one or more of an Exam Type, Insurance Plan, Acquisition Site, or other link. 
       FIG. 8  is a screenshot of a sample user interface that may be accessible by a “Set Series” or similar button. The user interface allows the user to specify the category or series name that will be used to store instances of the form that are created using one of the templates stored in this list. Note that the templates might be one of many types of document formats, including MSWord, HTML, XML, CDA, CCR, etc. By placing a barcode on a printed form or by associating information with an electronic form, the system can automatically store the instance of the form with the proper patient, proper exam, and in the proper series. The series information may also further specify if, how, and when the form is presented for any particular user or by system default. 
     In one embodiment, forms may be associated with an attribute that indicates whether the form must be returned to system (e.g., to the medical facility that originally provided the form). Depending on various factors (e.g., reasons for visiting a medical facility), some quantity of forms provided to a patient may be for use of the patient (and/or a party other than the medical facility that provides the forms) and, thus, are not required to be returned to the medical facility. For example, a medical facility may not want forms that provide informational content to the patient returned to the medical facility. However, many forms provided to the patient may need to be returned to the medical facility and/or required to be returned prior to performance of an exam or procedure, for example. Thus, an attribute indicating whether or not a particular form needs to be returned to the medical facility may be indicated using a user interface similar to that shown in  FIG. 8 . A patient&#39;s file may then be automatically reviewed in order to determine if any forms that are required to be returned have not yet been returned (possibly a certain number of days after the forms are provided or a certain number of days before a scheduled exam). 
     Example System Implementation 
       FIG. 9  is a system diagram which shows the various components of a system  100  for performing the system and methods described above, wherein the configuration of the system  100  may include fewer or additional features than are illustrated and individual components, such as the computing device  150 , may also include fewer or additional components. In one embodiment the methods discussed above as being performed by “a system” are performed by the computing device  150 . In other embodiments, the methods may be performed by any other suitable computing device. 
     The Computing Device  150  may take various forms. In one embodiment, the Computing Device  150  may be a computer workstation having software modules  151 . In other embodiments, software modules  151  may reside on another computing device, such as a web server, and the user directly interacts with a second computing device that is connected to the web server via a computer network. 
     In one embodiment, the Computing Device  150  comprises a server, a desktop computer, a workstation, a laptop computer, a mobile computer, a Smartphone, a tablet computer, a cell phone, a personal digital assistant, a gaming system, a kiosk, an audio player, any other device that utilizes a graphical user interface, including office equipment, automobiles, airplane cockpits, household appliances, automated teller machines, self-service checkouts at stores, information and other kiosks, ticketing kiosks, vending machines, industrial equipment, and/or a television, for example. 
     The Computing Device  150  runs an operating system  154 , such as an off-the-shelf operating system, for example, Windows, Linux, MacOS, Android, or iOS operation system. The Computing Device  150  may also run a more specialized operating system which may be designed for the specific tasks performed by the computing device  150 . 
     The Computing Device  150  may include one or more computing processors  152 . The computer processors  152  may include central processing units (CPUs), and may further include dedicated processors such as graphics processor chips, or other specialized processors. The processors generally are used to execute computer instructions based on the software modules  151  to cause the computing device to perform operations as specified by the modules  151 . The modules  151  may include, by way of example, components, such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components and task components, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuitry, data, data structures, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. For example, modules may include software code written in a programming language, such as, for example, Java, JavaScript, ActionScript, Visual Basic, HTML, C, C++, or C#. While “modules” are generally discussed herein with reference to software, any modules may alternatively be represented in hardware or firmware. Generally, the modules described herein refer to logical modules that may be combined with other modules or divided into sub-modules despite their physical organization or storage. 
     The Computing Device  150  may also include memory  153 . The memory  153  may include volatile data storage such as RAM or SDRAM. The memory  153  may also include more permanent forms of storage such as a hard disk drive, a flash disk, flash memory, a solid state drive, or some other type of non-volatile storage. 
     The Computing Device  150  may also include or be interfaced to one or more display devices  155  that provide information to the users. Display devices  155  may include a video display, such as one or more high-resolution computer monitors, or a display device integrated into or attached to a laptop computer, handheld computer, Smartphone, computer tablet device, or medical scanner. In other embodiments, the display device  155  may include an LCD, OLED, or other thin screen display surface, a monitor, television, projector, a display integrated into wearable glasses, or any other device that visually depicts user interfaces and data to viewers. 
     The Display Computing Device  150  may also include or be interfaced to one or more input devices  156  which receive input from users, such as a keyboard, trackball, mouse, 3D mouse, drawing tablet, joystick, game controller, touch screen (e.g., capacitive or resistive touch screen), touchpad, accelerometer, video camera and/or microphone. 
     The Computing Device  150  may also include one or more interfaces  157  which allow information exchange between Computing Device  150  and other computers and input/output devices using systems such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, as well as other wired and wireless data communications techniques. 
     The modules of Computing Device  150  may be connected using a standard based bus system. In different embodiments, the standard based bus system could be Peripheral Component Interconnect (“PCI”), PCI Express, Accelerated Graphics Port (“AGP”), Micro channel, Small Computer System Interface (“SCSI”), Industrial Standard Architecture (“ISA”) and Extended ISA (“EISA”) architectures, for example. In addition, the functionality provided for in the components and modules of Computing Device  150  may be combined into fewer components and modules or further separated into additional components and modules. 
     Computing Device  150  may communicate and/or interface with other systems and/or devices. In one or more embodiments, the computing device  150  may be connected to a computer network  110 . 
     The computer network  110  may take various forms. It may be a wired network or a wireless network, or it may be some combination of both. The computer network  110  may be a single computer network, or it may be a combination or collection of different networks and network protocols. For example, the computer network  110  may include one or more local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), personal area networks (PAN), cellular or data networks, and/or the Internet. 
     Various devices and subsystems may be connected to the network  110 . For example, one or more medical scanners may be connected, such as MRI scanners  120 . The MRI scanners  120  may be used to acquire MRI images from patients, and may share the acquired images with other devices on the network  110 . The network  110  may also be coupled to one or more CT scanners  122 . The CT scanners  122  may also be used to acquire images and, like the MRI scanner  120 , may then store those images and/or share those images with other devices via the network  110 . Any other scanner or device capable of inputting or generating information could be included, including ultrasound, angiography, nuclear medicine, radiography, endoscopy, pathology, dermatology, etc. 
     Also connected to the network  110  may be a Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS)  136  and PACS workstation  138 . The PACS  136  is typically used for the storage, retrieval, distribution and presentation of images (such as those created and/or generated by the MRI scanner  120  and CT Scanner  122 ). The medical images may be stored in an independent format, an open source format, or some other proprietary format. A common format for image storage in the PACS system is the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format. The stored images may be transmitted digitally via the PACS system, often reducing or eliminating the need for manually creating, filing, or transporting film jackets. 
     The network  110  may also be connected to a Radiology Information System (RIS)  140 . The radiology information system  140  is typically a computerized data storage system that is used by radiology departments to store, manipulate and distribute patient radiological information such as Radiology Reports. 
     Also attached to the network  110  may be an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system  142 . The EMR system  142  may be configured to store and make accessible to a plurality of medical practitioners computerized medical records. Also attached to the network  110  may be a Laboratory Information System  144 . Laboratory Information System  144  is typically a system which stores information created or generated by clinical laboratories. Also attached to the network  110  may be a Digital Pathology System  146  used to digitally manage and store information related to medical pathology. 
     Also attached to the network  110  may be a Computer Aided Diagnosis System (CAD)  148  used to analyze images. In one embodiment, the CAD  148  functionality may reside in a computing device separate from Information Display Computing Device  150  while in another embodiment the CAD  148  functionality may reside within Information Display Computing Device  150 . 
     Also attached to the network  110  may be a 3D Processing System  149  used to perform computations on imaging information to create new views of the information, e.g., 3D volumetric display, Multiplanar Reconstruction (MPR) and Maximum Intensity Projection reconstruction (MIP). In one embodiment, the 3D Processing functionality may reside in a computing device separate from Information Display Computing Device  150  while in another embodiment the 3D Processing functionality may reside within Information Display Computing Device  150 . 
     In other embodiments, other computing devices that store, provide, acquire, and/or otherwise manipulate medical data may also be coupled to the network  110  and may be in communication with one or more of the devices illustrated in  FIG. 9 , such as with the Information Display Computing Device  150 . 
     As will be discussed herein, Computing Device  150  may be configured to interface with various networked computing devices in order to communicate medical information that is stored among the various systems present in the network. In other embodiments, Information Display Computing Device  150  may be used to display non-medical information. 
     Depending on the embodiment, the other devices illustrated in  FIG. 9  may include some or all of the same components discussed above with reference to the Information Display Computer Device  150 . 
     SUMMARY 
     Conditional language, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. 
     Any process descriptions, elements, or blocks in the flow diagrams described herein and/or depicted in the attached figures should be understood as potentially representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. Alternate implementations are included within the scope of the embodiments described herein in which elements or functions may be deleted, executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those skilled in the art. 
     All of the methods and processes described above may be embodied in, and partially or fully automated via, software code modules executed by one or more general purpose computers. For example, the methods described herein may be performed by an Information Display Computing Device and/or any other suitable computing device. The methods may be executed on the computing devices in response to execution of software instructions or other executable code read from a tangible computer readable medium. A tangible computer readable medium is a data storage device that can store data that is readable by a computer system. Examples of computer readable mediums include read-only memory, random-access memory, other volatile or non-volatile memory devices, CD-ROMs, magnetic tape, flash drives, and optical data storage devices. 
     It should be emphasized that many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, the elements of which are to be understood as being among other acceptable examples. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure. The foregoing description details certain embodiments of the invention. It will be appreciated, however, that no matter how detailed the foregoing appears in text, the invention can be practiced in many ways. As is also stated above, it should be noted that the use of particular terminology when describing certain features or aspects of the invention should not be taken to imply that the terminology is being re-defined herein to be restricted to including any specific characteristics of the features or aspects of the invention with which that terminology is associated. The scope of the invention should therefore be construed in accordance with the appended claims and any equivalents thereof.