Abstract:
There is disclosed, for use in a wireless communication device capable of communicating with a base station of a wireless network in a slotted mode of operation and in a non-slotted mode of operation, an apparatus capable of controlling the slotted mode of operation and the non-slotted mode of operation. The apparatus comprises: 1) a power monitor for determining if an external power supply is providing external power to the wireless communication device and generating a first signal indicating whether external power is being provided; and 2) a slotted mode power controller coupled to the power monitor and for receiving the first signal. The slotted mode power controller terminates the slotted mode of operation whenever the first signal indicates that the external power is being provided.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed, in general, to wireless networks and, more specifically, to a system for controlling power consumption in an wireless mobile station by changing between slotted mode operation and non-slotted mode operation. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Reliable predictions indicate that there will be over 300 million cellular telephone customers worldwide by the year 2000. Within the United States, cellular service is offered by cellular service providers, by the regional Bell companies, and by the national long distance operators. The enhanced competition has driven the price of cellular service down to the point where it is affordable to a large segment of the population. In addition to cellular telephones, consumers use a wide variety of other wireless communication devices that communicate with base stations that are part of a wireless network. 
     Mobile stations, such as cellular telephones, PCS handset devices, portable computers, telemetry devices, and the like, frequently operate from an external power source connected to the mobile station, with an internal battery supply being available to provide a limited period of operation without the external power source. Mobile stations which provide more extended intervals of battery back-up operation offer increased value of service to users and competitive advantages for service providers. 
     Typically, mobile station battery operation is extended through the use of techniques which lower the amount of required power when the mobile station is in an idle state and not transferring voice or data traffic. A mobile station may enable one or more power saving configurations when it is in the idle state. For instance, the mobile station may disable its transmitter during the idle state, decreasing the amount of power required for idle state operation. A mobile station may further reduce its idle state power requirements by enabling a slotted mode of operation with a base station. 
     A mobile station enters the idle state when the mobile station is turned ON, is synchronized with the system, and has no calls in progress. During the idle state, a mobile station actively listens to a paging channel for information which includes overhead messages, such as system parameter messages, as well as messages directly addressed to the mobile station from a base station. A mobile station may be operating on battery or an external power source when it is in the idle state. 
     During the idle state, the mobile station may communicate with a base station in a non-slotted or slotted mode. A typical paging channel slot is an 80 millisecond time slot within a paging slot cycle, with a slot cycle ranging from 16 to 2048 time slots. In the non-slotted mode, the mobile station monitors all paging channel slots for messages from the base station. In the slotted mode, the mobile station only monitors a selected subset of the paging channel slots for messages from the base station. The remainder of the time, power is turned OFF to the receiver circuits in the mobile station in order to save power. A mobile station extends the battery supply operating life by entering a slotted mode of operation with the base station because the mobile station receiver consumes power only during selected slot cycles rather than across the entire paging cycle. 
     Unfortunately, slotted mode of operation decreases the rate at which messages can be received by the mobile station. Each message may be divided across multiple time slots during slotted mode of operation. This can be detrimental when the mobile station is moving rapidly from the coverage area of a first base station to the coverage area of a second base station, because a handoff message may not properly be received before the mobile station has moved too far away from the first base station. As a result, a communication link may be dropped and the mobile station must reacquire another base station. A user is typically unaware of slotted mode of operation, because the mobile station is frequently configured to enter slotted mode automatically in order to prolong battery life. This is true even when the mobile station is connected to an external power supply. 
     Therefore, there exists a need for improved wireless devices that are less susceptible to losing a communication to a base station due to prolonged slotted mode. In particular, there is a need in the art for improved wireless devices capable of automatically terminating slotted mode operation when it is not needed. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     To address the above-discussed deficiencies of the prior art, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide, for use in a wireless communication device capable of communicating with a base station of a wireless network in a slotted mode of operation and in a non-slotted mode of operation, an apparatus capable of controlling the slotted mode of operation and the non-slotted mode of operation. In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus comprises: 1) a power monitor capable of determining if an external power supply is providing external power to the wireless communication device and generating a first signal indicating whether external power is being provided; and 2) a slotted mode power controller coupled to the power monitor and capable of receiving the first signal, wherein the slotted mode power controller is capable of terminating the slotted mode of operation whenever the first signal indicates that the external power is being provided. 
     According to one embodiment of the present invention, the slotted mode power controller terminates the slotted mode of operation by communicating with the base station to establish a non-slotted mode of operation. 
     According to another embodiment of the present invention, the power monitor monitors an external power supply interface circuit capable of receiving the external power. 
     According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the power monitor modifies a value of the first signal according to whether the external power supply is receiving the external power. 
     According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the slotted mode power controller is capable of re-establishing the slotted mode of operation whenever the first signal indicates that the external power is not being provided. 
     According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the external power supply interface is used to charge an internal battery power supply in the wireless communication device. 
     According to a still further embodiment of the present invention, the power monitor is capable of measuring a power level provided by the external power supply. 
     According to a yet further embodiment of the present invention, the power monitor is capable of determining if the measured power level is below a minimum threshold power level, and in response to a determination that the measured power level is below the minimum threshold power level modifying the first signal to indicate that the external power is not being provided. 
     The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention so that those skilled in the art may better understand the detailed description of the invention that follows. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter that form the subject of the claims of the invention. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the conception and the specific embodiment disclosed as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention in its broadest form. 
     Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION, it may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document: the terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation; the term “or,” is inclusive, meaning and/or; the phrases “associated with” and “associated therewith,” as well as derivatives thereof, may mean to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, or the like; and the term “controller” means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least one operation, such a device may be implemented in hardware, firmware or software, or some combination of at least two of the same. It should be noted that the functionality associated with any particular controller may be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. Definitions for certain words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior, as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers designate like objects, and in which: 
     FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless network according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary mobile station in greater detail according to one embodiment of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating the operation of an exemplary mobile station according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     FIGS. 1 through 3, discussed below, and the various embodiments used to describe the principles of the present invention in this patent document are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present invention may be implemented in any suitably arranged wireless mobile station. 
     FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary wireless network  100  according to one embodiment of the present invention. The wireless telephone network  100  comprises a plurality of cell sites  121 - 123 , each containing one of the base stations, BS  101 , BS  102 , or BS  103 . Base stations  101 - 103  are operable to communicate with a plurality of mobile stations (MS)  111 - 114 . Mobile stations  111 - 114  may be any suitable wireless communication devices, including conventional cellular telephones, PCS handset devices, portable computers, telemetry devices, and the like. 
     Dotted lines show the approximate boundaries of the cell sites  121 - 123  in which base stations  101 - 103  are located. The cell sites are shown approximately circular for the purposes of illustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood that the cell sites also may have irregular shapes, depending on the cell configuration selected and natural and man-made obstructions. 
     In one embodiment of the present invention, BS  101 , BS  102 , and BS  103  may comprise a base station controller (BSC) and a base transceiver station (BTS). Base station controllers and base transceiver stations are well known to those skilled in the art. A base station controller is a device that manages wireless communications resources, including the base transceiver station, for specified cells within a wireless communications network. A base transceiver station comprises the RF transceivers, antennas, and other electrical equipment located in each cell site. This equipment may include air conditioning units, heating units, electrical supplies, telephone line interfaces, and RF transmitters and RF receivers, as well as call processing circuitry. For the purpose of simplicity and clarity in explaining the operation of the present invention, the base transceiver station in each of cells  121 ,  122 , and  123  and the base station controller associated with each base transceiver station are collectively represented by BS  101 , BS  102  and BS  103 , respectively. 
     BS  101 , BS  102  and BS  103  transfer voice and data signals between each other and the public telephone system (not shown) via communications line  131  and mobile switching center (MSC)  140 . Mobile switching center  140  is well known to those skilled in the art. Mobile switching center  140  is a switching device that provides services and coordination between the subscribers in a wireless network and external networks, such as the public telephone system and/or the Internet. Communications line  131  may be any suitable connection means, including a T 1  line, a T 3  line, a fiber optic link, a network backbone connection, and the like. In some embodiments of the present invention, communications line  131  may be several different data links, where each data link couples one of BS  101 , BS  102 , or BS  103  to MSC  140 . 
     In the exemplary wireless network  100 , MS  111  is located in cell site  121  and is in communication with BS  101 , MS  113  is located in cell site  122  and is in communication with BS  102 , and MS  114  is located in cell site  123  and is in communication with BS  103 . MS  112  is also located in cell site  121 , close to the edge of cell site  123 . The direction arrow proximate MS  112  indicates the movement of MS  112  towards cell site  123 . At some point, as MS  112  moves into cell site  123  and out of cell site  121 , a “handoff” will occur. 
     As is well know, the “handoff” procedure transfers control of a call from a first cell to a second cell. For example, if MS  112  is in communication with BS  101  and senses that the signal from BS  101  is becoming unacceptably weak, MS  112  may then switch to a BS that has a stronger signal, such as the signal transmitted by BS  103 . MS  112  and BS  103  establish a new communication link and a signal is sent to BS  101  and the public telephone network to transfer the on-going voice, data, or control signals through BS  103 . The call is thereby seamlessly transferred from BS  101  to BS  103 . An “idle” handoff is a handoff between cells of a mobile device that is communicating in the control or paging channel, rather than transmitting voice and/or data signals in the regular traffic channels. 
     One or more of the mobile stations in FIG. 1 may be configured by the user, or at the factory, to automatically enter slotted mode operation. As previously described, a mobile station enters the idle state when the mobile station is turned ON, is synchronized with the system, and is not in the call processing mode. During the idle state, the mobile station may be communicate with a base station in the non-slotted mode or slotted mode on the paging channel and may be operating on battery or an external power source. A mobile station enters slotted mode of operation by exchanging a series of messages with a base station according to the standard protocol for wireless network  100 . For example, BS  101  may send a maximum-slot-cycle-index parameter and a paging-slot-number in the paging channel system parameters overhead message for BS  101 . Using this information and internal parameters, MS  112  independently calculates, for example, one or two paging channel (active) time slots in a 16-time slot paging cycle during which MS  112  may monitor overhead messages from BS  101 . 
     During most of the slotted mode cycle (inactive) state, the power requirements for MS  112  are minimized since only minimal communications are occurring with the base station and power can be reduced, for example, in the transmitter and receiver. MS  112  only need to enable circuits associated with timing and controlling the slot cycle and slot intervals. In this power-saving configuration, MS  112  may only enable the receiver and other functions during the active-state, as necessary for receiving and updating required system parameter information from BS  101 . 
     As noted above, however, slotted mode operation decreases the rate at which messages can be received by the mobile station because messages may be divided across multiple time slots during slotted mode operation. This may cause a communication link to be dropped if the mobile station is moving rapidly from the coverage area of a first base station to the coverage area of a second base station, because a handoff message may not be received before the mobile station has moved too far away from the first base station. The present invention minimizes the risk of losing a communication link by automatically terminating slotted mode operation when it is not necessary to minimize power consumption in the mobile station. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates exemplary mobile station (MS)  112  in greater detail according to one embodiment of the present invention. MS  112  comprises transceiver circuit assembly  210 , battery power supply  250 , external power supply interface  260 , and power source monitor  270 . Transceiver circuit assembly  210  further comprises RF transceiver  215 , antenna array  216 , transmitter (TX) processing circuitry  220 , receiver processing circuitry  225 , slotted mode power controller  230 , and timer  235 . 
     RF transceiver  215  sends and receives the forward channel and reverse channel RF signals from antenna array  216  and converts them to and from digital signals. Antennal array  216  transfers forward and reverse channel information between network  100  and RF transceiver  215 . Transmitter (TX) processing circuitry  220  receives reverse channel data from other parts of MS  112 , such as voice data from a speaker or fax data, modem data, or Internet protocol (IP) data if MS  112  is a personal computer, fax machine or the like. Receiver (RX) processing circuitry  225  processes forward channel data such as incoming voice data, fax data, modem data, IP data, control channel data, and paging channel information. RX processing circuitry  225  transfers this processed forward channel data to other portions of MS  112  or to other devices, such as a video display. 
     Slotted mode power controller  230  uses information from BS  101  to establish a time slot(s) for receiving paging messages and parametric data, as previously described. Slotted mode power controller  230  also communicates with timer  235  for control of synchronization and identification of enabled time slots for communicating with a base station. Timer  235  provides basic timing for MS  112 , including identification of time slot(s) for MS  112  slotted mode power levels and transactions. 
     Battery power supply  250  provides an internal power source for MS  112  and the components on transceiver circuit assembly  210 . Battery power supply  250  is coupled to, and is charged through, external power supply interface  260 . When power is not available from an external source coupled to external power supply interface  260 , battery power supply  250  provides power for the operation of MS  112 . 
     Power source monitor  270  determines if external power is available by monitoring external power supply interface  260 . When external power is absent from external power supply interface  260 , power source monitor  270  generates a Slotted Mode Enable signal that is sent to slotted mode power controller  230 , which may then enter slotted mode operation when MS  112  is in the idle state. Power source monitor  270  disables the Slotted Mode Enable signal when the external power supply is present. 
     FIG. 3 depicts flow diagram  300 , which illustrates the operation of exemplary mobile station  112  according to one embodiment of the present invention. After initial power up or at the conclusion of a call, MS  112  acquires the pilot channel, synchronization (sync) channel, and required timing information from BS  101  (process step  305 ). MS  112  then enters the idle state and monitors the paging channel for updates to system parameters and incoming call information (process step  310 ). MS  112  communicates with BS  101  to establish one or more time slots in which BS  101  may receive data, such as system parameter information, during slotted mode operation. MS  112  uses the time slot information to synchronize timer  235  (process step  315 ). 
     MS  112  monitors external power supply interface  260  to determine if external power is provided (process step  320 ). If external power is absent, MS  112  continues to monitor the external power source and remains in the slotted mode of operation (process steps  325  and  320 ). If external power is present, MS  112  communicates with BS  101  and returns to the non-slotted mode of operation (process steps  325  and  330 ). Thereafter, MS  112  remains in the non-slotted mode of operation and monitors external power supply interface  260  to determine if external power is present. If an external power supply is providing power, MS  112  continues to monitor the external power supply and remains in the non-slotted mode of operation (process step  340  and  335 ). If MS  112  subsequently determines that the external power supply has been removed and no longer provides power, MS  112  returns to the slotted mode of operation (process step  340  and  315 ). It should be noted that MS  112  continues to go to non-slotted mode whenever MS  112  is required to send messages to BS  101  on the access channel. 
     In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, power source monitor  270  is capable of measuring level of the input power provided by the external power supply coupled to external power supply interface  260 . Power source monitor  270  comprises comparator circuitry capable of comparing the measured power level to a predetermined minimum threshold power level. If power source monitor  270  determines that the measured power level is below the minimum threshold power level, power source monitor  270  sets the Slotted Mode Enable signal to indicate that external power is not being provided. In this manner, if external power is present, but the power level of the external power supply is so low that MS  112  must rely on battery power, MS  112  will remain in slotted mode operation and continue to minimize power consumption. 
     The present invention automatically moves MS  112  back and forth between slotted mode operation and non-slotted mode operation without intervention by the user. Whenever external power is present and it is no longer necessary to reduce power in order to preserve battery life, the present invention automatically terminates slotted mode operation, thereby increasing the rate at which messages from BS  101  may be received in the idle state and reducing the probability that a communication link may be lost. 
     Although the present invention has been described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, substitutions and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in its broadest form.