Abstract:
A multi-band radial horn antenna is disclosed that has a precision 50 ohm feed line to ensure a match to a 50 ohm transmission line. The feed probe of the antenna has a threaded section that allows the antenna to be tuned quickly and precise in the field to provide maximum antenna performance. Once adjusted, a small locking nut is tightened to retain the physical location position. The antenna is economical to build as it has only four major parts. In operation, the antenna was found to have a 1.15 to 1 Standing Wave Ratio, a decade of frequency bandwidth and a low angle of radiation.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    This invention relates generally to high frequency antennas and more specifically to a modified biconical or Kandoian type antenna having a conical ground plane.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    Wireless to the home is an emerging technology that allows multi-service functions to be communicated to each individual house or building through the radio frequency (RF) spectrums. Several examples of services that can be provided are wireless television service, wireless telephone service, wireless internet communications, utility company service monitoring, etc. There is a large potential need for these types of services.  
           [0005]    To satisfy this current need, service providers are starting to install optical fiber in the streets without connecting the fiber directly to the individual households and office buildings on the street. The final connection, that of running a link of optical fiber from the optical fiber in the street to each individual household and office building is being delayed because of the relatively high cost. Wireless to the home circumvents the need to have expensive terrestrial wire line services and substantially reduces system support and maintenance costs, The major criteria is to have a frequency spectrum bandwidth that approaches the optical fiber.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    A multi-band radial horn antenna is disclosed that has a precision 50 ohm air feed line to ensure a correct impedance match between the 50 ohm transmission line and the antenna feed probe. The feed probe of the antenna has a threaded section that allows the antenna to be tuned quickly and precisely in the field to provide maximum antenna performance. Once adjusted, a small locking nut is tightened to retain the physical location position. The antenna is economical to build as it has only four major parts. In operation, the antenna was found to have a 1.15 to 1 Standing Wave Ratio, a decade of frequency bandwidth and a low angle of radiation pattern. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0007]    [0007]FIG. 1 is a side view of a multi band antenna in accordance with the principles of the invention;  
         [0008]    [0008]FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the antenna of FIG. 1;  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 3 is a view of the center conductor of the air line of the antenna of FIG. 1;  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 4 is a plan view of the disc of the antenna of FIG. 1; and,  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 5 is a plot of the input return loss of the antenna in dB Vs. frequency. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0012]    Referring to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a disc-cone antenna that covers all three bands of the wireless spectrum; the cellular band, the PCS band, and the UMTS band. There would be one centrally located antenna on a tower to illuminate a specific targeted community that would communicate with each household containing a radial horn antenna. In the application of this invention to wireless technology, the optical fiber is connected to a central transmitting tower such as a wireless base station which has, as its antenna, the disc-cone antenna here disclosed. A second antenna of similar design is mounted a household, office building or the like in the vicinity of the tower mounted antenna; and this second antenna is coupled to equipment located within the building. For each tower mounted antenna there are a plurality of building mounted antennas, where the number of building mounted antennas that receive the signals from a common tower mounted antenna is determined by the terrain of the area, the density of the buildings, the volume of traffic, etc. The disc-cone antenna here disclosed is the ideal choice because it has the capability of covering a decade of frequency bandwidth and presents an excellent impedance match to a 50 ohm transmission line. The antenna has an omni-directional radiation pattern that circumvents the need of a field technician to bore sight the antenna to a specific radiation source. Additional features of low angle of radiation from the ground plane reference and excellent match to the transmission line ensure efficient antenna performance. The disc-cone antenna is comprised of a conical member  10  having a fifty ohm air line  12  located within the cone. The conical member  10  or cone is composed of conducting material such as aluminum and the air line consists of a tubular passageway which extends through the cone from the base  14  to the apex  16 . Located within the tubular passageway is a rod of conductive material. The rod of conductive material partially fills the tubular passageway and the space between the rod of conductive material and the tubular passageway is filled with air, a material that has a dielectric constant of substantially one. One end of the air line is connected to a coaxial connector  18  and the other end or feed is connected to a disc  20  positioned adjacent to the apex  16  of the cone. The body of the co-axial connector is connected to the cone by screws, and the rod within the tubular passageway is connected to the center conductor of the coaxial connector.  
         [0013]    Referring to FIG. 2, there is illustrated a cross sectional view of the disc-cone antenna of FIG. 1. The air line  12  is essentially a tubular channel opened to the atmosphere and which extends from the base  14  of the cone  10  to the apex  16 . The channel has a first section  23  with a diameter of substantially 0.288 in. and a second section  24  with a diameter of substantially 0.186 in. The channel is centrally located within the cone. The cone can be composed of a conductive material such as aluminum or the like, or it can be made of a nonconductive plastic material that is coated on its outer surface and on the surface of the tubular passageway with a thin layer of conducting material. The conical cone illustrated has a base dimension or diameter of substantially 3.542 in.; a height dimension from base to apex of substantially 3.597 in.; and an angle formed by the base  14  and side of substantially 65 degrees. At the apex of the conical cone, the diameter of the second section  24  of the tubular passageway is substantially 0.186 in. and forms the feed point of the antenna.  
         [0014]    Referring to FIG. 3, there is illustrated the center conductor  26  of the air line  12 . The center conductor is a rod of conductive material such as brass or the like. In the embodiment here disclosed, the rod is a 0.125 in. diameter brass rod. A first section  28  of center conductor  26  has a diameter of 0.125 in., and a length sized to fit within the first section  22  of the tubular passageway. A second section  24  of center conductor  26  has a diameter of substantially 0.082 in. and a length of substantially 0.546 in., which is sized to fit within the second section  24  of the passageway located adjacent the apex of the cone. The end of the second section  24  of the center conductor is threaded to receive a threaded member having a 2-56 thread size. The end  30  of the first section has a reduced diameter sized to be coupled to the center conductor of the co-axial connector  18 . In the specific embodiment here described, the 2-56 threaded section extends back from the end of the center conductor for 0.162 in.; the second section  24  of the center conductor has a length of 0.546 in.; the reduced end  30  of the first section  28  has a diameter of 0.087 in. and a length of 0.0590 in.; and, the center conductor  26  has a total length of 3.560 in.  
         [0015]    Referring to FIG. 4, there is illustrated a plan view of the disc  20  of the disc-cone antenna. The disc  20  is of a conducting material such as brass and has a diameter of 2.862 in. and a thickness of 0.063 in. The disc supports a centrally located opening  32  threaded to receive the threaded end of the center conductor  26 .  
         [0016]    When assembled, the center conductor resides within the tubular passageway. The lower end  30  of the center conductor is coupled to and held captive by the center pin of the co-axial connector  18 ; and the upper or second section  24  is engaged by a dielectric support washer  34  which axially aligns the center conductor with the tubular passageway. The threaded opening  32  engages the threaded end of the center conductor and is locked to a position which defines a desired spacing between the disk and the apex of the cone by means of a locking nut  36 .  
         [0017]    Referring to FIG. 5, there is illustrated a plot of the actual return loss of the disc-cone antenna here disclosed where the antenna input is matched to a 50 ohm transmission line. The results indicate that the disc-cone antenna can perform over the three bands of interest with an antenna Standing Wave Ratio that is better than 1.15 to 1.  
         [0018]    In one embodiment of the operation of this invention where information is being transmitted from a base station tower to a household, the disc-cone antenna here disclosed is mounted to the tower located in an area surrounded by various households. Every household located proximate the tower mounted disc-cone antenna that contracts for service from the service provider of the tower mounted disc-cone antenna has a similar disc-cone antenna mounted to his/her household. The optical signals in the terrestrial optical fiber are converted to electrical signals at the base station, fed to the tower mounted antenna and transmitted to the surrounding households. The transmitted signals are received by the antennas on the households and are connected by the coaxial cable within the household directly to the customer&#39;s equipment. For the sending of information in the reverse direction, that is from the customer to the service provider, the electrical signals from the customer&#39;s equipment is transmitted from the customer&#39;s antenna to the service provider&#39;s tower mounted antenna. At the tower, the signals received are converted from the received electrical form into optical signals and fed to the optical fiber for transmission along the system.  
         [0019]    The broad bandwidth performance characteristics of the disc-cone antenna here disclosed is ideal for coupling wireless to the home as it allows multi-service functions to be communicated to each individual household through the radio frequency spectrum. The antenna can cover a large frequency spectrum with the ability to include many service providers allotted frequency bands. It has an omni-directional radiation pattern that can monitor several different transmission antenna locations without the need to change bore sight positions. It also has the potential to be manufactured at very low cost and offers excellent electrical performance characteristics.  
         [0020]    While an embodiment of the invention has been described, it should be apparent that variations and alternative embodiments can be implemented in accordance with the principles of the invention. It is to be understood, therefore, that the invention is not to be in any way limited except in accordance with the spirit of the appended claims and their equivalents.