Abstract:
A transmission including first and second input shafts rotatable about a first axis of rotation; at least one output shaft rotatable about at least one second axis of rotation, the at least one second axis of rotation non-collinear with the first axis of rotation; a plurality of lay shafts; a plurality of gears; and a plurality of half synchronizer clutches arranged to non-rotatably connect at least a portion of the plurality of gears to the plurality of lay shafts to transmit respective torque from the first and second input shafts to the at least one output shaft and disconnect the at least a portion of the plurality of gears from the plurality of lay shafts.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present disclosure relates to a transmission with a dual input and a reduced size and footprint, in particular with a reduced number of shafts, specifically, including an idler gear, for reverse gear ratios, non-rotatably connected to a lay shaft used for forward gear ratios. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]      FIG. 10  is a schematic block diagram of a typical prior art front-wheel drive power train  1000 . Note that not all components needed for the power train are shown. Power train  1000  includes engine  1002 , dual clutch input  1004 , transmission  1006 , output gear  1008 , differential gear  1010  with a final drive ratio, universal joints  1012 , and front wheels  1014 . Transmission  1006  includes output shaft  1016  connected to gear  1008 . Torque is transmitted from engine  1002  to wheels  1014  via the transmission, gear  1008  and gear  1010 . Since there is only one output shaft in transmission  1006 , differential gear  1008  is needed to split torque from the transmission to the front wheels. The differential must be off-set from the transmission in direction D, increasing the space needed for train  1000  in direction D. However, it is desirable to reduce the space needed for train  1000 . 
         [0003]      FIG. 11  is a schematic block diagram of a prior art rear-wheel drive power train  1100 . Note that not all components needed for the power train are shown. For example, universal joints may be needed for portions of the power train. Power train  1100  includes engine  1102 , dual clutch input  1104 , transmission  1106 , output gear  1108 , differential gear  1110  with a final drive ratio, universal joints  1112 , and front wheels  1114 . Transmission  1106  includes output shaft  1116  connected to gear  1108 . Torque is transmitted from engine  1102  to wheels  1114  via the transmission, gear  1108 , gear  1110  and drive shaft  1118 . 
         [0004]      FIG. 12  is a schematic block diagram of a prior art all-wheel drive power train  1200 . Note that not all components needed for the power train are shown. Power train  1200  includes engine  1202 , dual clutch input  1204 , transmission  1206 , output gear  1208 , transfer case  1210 , front differential gear  1212  with a final drive ratio, rear differential gear  1214  with a final drive ratio, universal joints  1216 , front wheels  1218 , and rear wheels  1220 . Transmission  1206  includes output shaft  1222  connected to gear  1208 . Torque is transmitted from engine  1202  to wheels  1218  via the transmission, case  1210 , and gear  1212 . Torque is transmitted from engine  1202  to wheels  1220  via output shaft  1222 , gear  1208 , drive shaft  1224 , and gear  1214 . 
         [0005]    The respective architectures for transmissions  1006 ,  1106 , and  1206  are quite different. For example: the clutch input and the output of transmission  1006  are off-set, or non-collinear (entering and exiting respectively, the same side of the transmission), while the clutch input and the output of transmission  1106  are collinear (entering and exiting, respectively, opposite sided of the transmission); and transmission  1206  has the output shaft on one end and the transfer case on one side. Therefore, the transmissions cannot be used interchangeably. Thus, the cost and complexity of producing, installing, and servicing transmissions for front-wheel power trains, rear-wheel power trains, and all-wheel power trains is increased by the necessity to manufacture, stock, and install different transmissions for each type of power train. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    According to aspects illustrated herein, there is provided a transmission, including: first and second input shafts rotatable about a first axis of rotation; at least one output shaft rotatable about at least one second axis of rotation, the at least one second axis of rotation non-collinear with the first axis of rotation; a plurality of lay shafts; a plurality of gears; and a plurality of half synchronizer clutches arranged to non-rotatably connect at least a portion of the plurality of gears to the plurality of lay shafts to transmit respective torque from the first and second input shafts to the at least one output shaft and disconnect the at least a portion of the plurality of gears from the plurality of lay shafts. 
         [0007]    According to aspects illustrated herein, there is provided a transmission including: a casing; first and second input shafts rotatable about a first axis of rotation; a plurality of lay shafts located within the casing; a plurality of gears located within the casing; a plurality of half synchronizer clutches located within the casing and arranged to non-rotatably connect at least a portion of the plurality of gears to the plurality of lay shafts and disconnect the at least a portion of the plurality of gears from the plurality of lay shafts; a differential gear assembly located within the casing; first and second output shafts; and a differential gear assembly located within the casing and arranged to transmit respective torque from the first and second input shafts to the first and second output shafts. 
         [0008]    According to aspects illustrated herein, there is provided a transmission including: a casing; first and second input shafts rotatable about a first axis of rotation; first and second output shafts; a differential gear assembly wholly located within the casing and arranged to transmit respective torque from the first and second input shafts to the first and second output shafts; first and second planetary gears sets arranged to transmit the respective torque to the differential gear assembly; a plurality of lay shafts located within the casing and including a first lay shaft arranged to transmit the respective torque to the first planetary gears set and a second lay shaft arranged to transmit the respective torque to the second planetary gears set; and a plurality of half synchronizer clutches located within the casing and arranged to non-rotatably connect at least a portion of the plurality of gears to the plurality of lay shafts to transmit the respective torque to the plurality of lay shafts and disconnect the at least a portion of the plurality of gears from the plurality of lay shafts. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]    Various embodiments are disclosed, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings in which corresponding reference symbols indicate corresponding parts, in which: 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a transmission assembly with dual outputs, eight forward speeds and three reverse speeds; 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of a transmission assembly with dual outputs, ten forward speeds and three reverse speeds; 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a transmission assembly with dual outputs, 16 forward speeds and three reverse speeds; 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram of a transmission assembly with dual outputs, 16 forward speeds and three reverse speeds; 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of a transmission assembly with dual outputs, an on-board differential gear assembly, eight forward speeds and three reverse speeds; 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram of a transmission assembly with dual outputs, an on-board differential gear assembly, two planetary gear sets, eight forward speeds and three reverse speeds; 
           [0016]      FIG. 7  is a schematic block diagram of a front-wheel drive power train with a transmission having with dual outputs, an on-board differential, and final drive ratio; 
           [0017]      FIG. 8  is a schematic block diagram of an rear-wheel drive power train with a transmission having dual outputs; 
           [0018]      FIG. 9  is a schematic block diagram of an all-wheel drive power train with dual outputs and a transmission having an on-board differential; 
           [0019]      FIG. 10  is a schematic block diagram of a prior art front-wheel drive power train; 
           [0020]      FIG. 11  is a schematic block diagram of a prior art rear-wheel drive power train; and, 
           [0021]      FIG. 12  is a schematic block diagram of a prior art all-wheel drive power train. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0022]    At the outset, it should be appreciated that like drawing numbers on different drawing views identify identical, or functionally similar, structural elements of the disclosure. It is to be understood that the disclosure as claimed is not limited to the disclosed aspects. 
         [0023]    Furthermore, it is understood that this disclosure is not limited to the particular methodology, materials and modifications described and as such may, of course, vary. It is also understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. 
         [0024]    Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It should be understood that any methods, devices or materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the disclosure. 
         [0025]    In the discussions that follow, it should be understood that unless a clutch is described as being closed, the clutch is open. It also should be understood that in the descriptions of gear ratios, a torque path is created from one of the clutches associated with the input shafts to the output shaft or shafts through the respective gears non-rotatably connected to the respective input shaft and/or lay shaft or lay shafts. 
         [0026]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a transmission assembly with dual outputs, eight forward speeds and three reverse speeds. Assembly  100  includes dual clutch assembly  102  and transmission  104 . Assembly  102  includes torque input shaft  106  and clutches CL 1  and CL 2 . Transmission  104  includes input shaft  112  connected to clutch CL 1  and input shaft  114  connected to clutch CL 2 . When clutch CL 1  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  112  via clutch CL 1 . When clutch CL 2  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  114  via clutch CL 2 . 
         [0027]    Transmission  104  includes: output shaft  116 ; lay shafts  118  and  120 ; gears  122  and  124  non-rotatably connected to shaft  118 ; gears  126  and  128  non-rotatably connected to shaft  120 ; and gears  130 ,  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138 ,  140 ,  142 ,  144 , and  146 ; and reverse gear  148  non-rotatably connected to shaft  116 . Transmission  104  includes: synchronizer clutches  150 ,  152 ,  154 ,  156 ,  158 , and  160 . By “non-rotatably connected” elements (for example two elements), we mean that the two elements are connected so that whenever the first element rotates, the second element rotates and whenever the second element rotates, the first element rotates. Radial and/or axial movement of one or both of the two elements with respect to each other is possible, but not required, when the two elements are non-rotatably connected. 
         [0028]    Gear  122  is meshed with gears  130  and  138 ; gear  124  is meshed with gears  132  and  140 ; gear  126  is meshed with gears  134  and  142 ; gear  128  is meshed with gears  136  and  144 ; and gears  146  and  148  are meshed. By “meshed” we mean that for first and second meshed gears, rotation of the first gear about its axis or rotation caused rotation of the second gear about its axis of rotation cause and vice versa. 
         [0029]    Clutch  150  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gear  130  to shaft  116 ; clutch  152  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  132  and  136  to shaft  116 ; clutch  154  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gear  134  to shaft  116 ; clutch  156  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  138  and  142  to shaft  112 ; clutch  158  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  140  and  144  to shaft  114 ; and clutch  160  is arranged to non-rotatably connected gear  146  to shaft  112 . 
         [0030]    Assembly  100  is arranged to provide gear ratios as follows. In the description to follows it should be understood that unless designated otherwise, a synchronizer clutch is open: 
         [0031]    1. First forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  156  to non-rotatably connect gear  142  to shaft  112  and close clutch  152  to non-rotatably connected gear  136  to shaft  116 . 
         [0032]    2. Second forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  158  to non-rotatably connect gear  144  to shaft  114  and close clutch  152  to non-rotatably connected gear  136  to shaft  116 . 
         [0033]    3. Third forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  156  to non-rotatably connect gear  138  to shaft  112  and close clutch  150  to non-rotatably connect gear  130  to shaft  116 . 
         [0034]    4. Fourth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  158  to non-rotatably connect gear  144  to shaft  114  and close clutch  154  to non-rotatably connect gear  134  to shaft  116 . 
         [0035]    5. Fifth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  156  to non-rotatably connect gear  138  to shaft  112  and close clutch  152  to non-rotatably connected gear  132  to shaft  116 . 
         [0036]    6. Sixth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  158  to non-rotatably connect gear  140  to shaft  114  and close clutch  152  to non-rotatably connected gear  132  to shaft  116 . 
         [0037]    7. Seventh forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  156  to non-rotatably connect gear  142  to shaft  114  and close clutch  154  to non-rotatably connect gear  134  to shaft  116 . 
         [0038]    8. Eighth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  158  to non-rotatably connect gear  140  to shaft  114  and close clutch  150  to non-rotatably connect gear  130  to shaft  116 . 
         [0039]    9. First reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  158  to non-rotatably connect gear  144  to shaft  112 , close clutch  156  to non-rotatably connected gear  142  to shaft  112  and close clutch  160  to non-rotatably connect gear  146  to shaft  112 . 
         [0040]    10. Second reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  160  to non-rotatably connect gear  146  to shaft  112 . 
         [0041]    11. Third reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  158  to non-rotatably connect gear  140  to shaft  114 , close clutch  156  to non-rotatably connected gear  138  to shaft  112  and close clutch  160  to non-rotatably connect gear  146  to shaft  112 . 
         [0042]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of a transmission with dual outputs, ten forward speeds and three reverse speeds. Assembly  200  includes dual clutch assembly  102  and transmission  104 . Transmission  104  includes input shaft  112  connected to clutch CL 1  and input shaft  114  connected to clutch CL 2 . When clutch CL 1  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  112  via clutch CL 1 . When clutch CL 2  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  114  via clutch CL 2 . 
         [0043]    Transmission  204  includes: output shaft  216 ; lay shafts  218  and  220 ; gears  222  and  224  non-rotatably connected to shaft  218 ; gears  226  and  228  non-rotatably connected to shaft  220 ; and gears  230 ,  232 ,  234 ,  236 ,  238 ,  240 ,  242 ,  244 , and  246 ; and reverse gear  248  non-rotatably connected to shaft  216 . Transmission  204  includes: synchronizer clutches  250 ,  252 ,  254 ,  256 ,  258 , and  260 . 
         [0044]    Gear  222  is meshed with gears  230  and  238 ; gear  224  is meshed with gears  232  and  240 ; gear  226  is meshed with gears  234  and  242 ; gear  228  is meshed with gears  236  and  244 ; and gears  246  and  248  are meshed. 
         [0045]    Clutch  250  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gear  230  to shaft  216 ; clutch  252  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  232  and  236  to shaft  216 ; clutch  254  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gear  234  to shaft  216 ; clutch  256  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  238  and  242  to shaft  212 ; clutch  258  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  240  and  244  to shaft  114 ; and clutch  260  is arranged to non-rotatably connected gear  246  to shaft  212 . Synchronizer clutch  262  is arranged to non-rotatably connect lay shafts  218  and  220 . 
         [0046]    Assembly  200  is arranged to provide gear ratios as follows. In the description to follows it should be understood that unless designated otherwise, a half synchronizer clutch is open: 
         [0047]    1. First forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  256  to non-rotatably connect gear  242  to shaft  112  and close clutch  252  to non-rotatably connected gear  236  to shaft  216 . 
         [0048]    2. Second forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  258  to non-rotatably connect gear  244  to shaft  114  and close clutch  252  to non-rotatably connected gear  236  to shaft  216 . 
         [0049]    3. Third forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  256  to non-rotatably connect gear  238  to shaft  112  and close clutch  250  to non-rotatably connect gear  230  to shaft  216 . 
         [0050]    4. Fourth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  258  to non-rotatably connect gear  244  to shaft  114  and close clutch  254  to non-rotatably connect gear  234  to shaft  216 . 
         [0051]    5. Fifth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  256  to non-rotatably connect gear  238  to shaft  112  and close clutch  252  to non-rotatably connected gear  232  to shaft  216 . 
         [0052]    6. Sixth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  258  to non-rotatably connect gear  240  to shaft  114  and close clutch  252  to non-rotatably connected gear  232  to shaft  116 . 
         [0053]    7. Seventh forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  256  to non-rotatably connect gear  242  to shaft  114  and close clutch  254  to non-rotatably connect gear  234  to shaft  216 . 
         [0054]    8. Eighth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  258  to non-rotatably connect gear  240  to shaft  114  and close clutch  250  to non-rotatably connect gear  230  to shaft  216 . 
         [0055]    9. Ninth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  256  to non-rotatably connect gear  242  to shaft  212 , close clutch  262  to non-rotatably connect shafts  218  and  220 , and close clutch  250  to non-rotatably connect gear  230  to shaft  216 . 
         [0056]    10. Tenth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  258  to non-rotatably connect gear  244  to shaft  114 , close clutch  262  to non-rotatably connect gear  226  to shaft  218 , and close clutch  250  to non-rotatably connect gear  230  to shaft  216 . 
         [0057]    11. First reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  258  to non-rotatably connect gear  244  to shaft  212 , close clutch  256  to non-rotatably connected gear  242  to shaft  112  and close clutch  260  to non-rotatably connect gear  246  to shaft  212 . 
         [0058]    12. Second reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  260  to non-rotatably connect gear  246  to shaft  212 . 
         [0059]    13. Third reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  258  to non-rotatably connect gear  240  to shaft  114 , close clutch  256  to non-rotatably connected gear  238  to shaft  112  and close clutch  260  to non-rotatably connect gear  246  to shaft  212 . 
         [0060]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a transmission with dual outputs, 16 forward speeds and three reverse speeds. Assembly  300  includes dual clutch assembly  102  and transmission  304 . Transmission  104  includes input shaft  112  connected to clutch CL 1  and input shaft  114  connected to clutch CL 2 . When clutch CL 1  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  112  via clutch CL 1 . When clutch CL 2  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  114  via clutch CL 2 . 
         [0061]    Transmission  304  includes: output shaft  316 ; lay shafts  318  and  320 ; gears  322  and  324  non-rotatably connected to shaft  318 ; gears  326  and  328  non-rotatably connected to shaft  320 ; and gears  330 ,  332 ,  334 ,  336 ,  338 ,  340 ,  342 ,  344 , and  346 ; and reverse gear  348  non-rotatably connected to shaft  316 . Transmission  304  includes: synchronizer clutches  350 ,  352 ,  356 ,  358 , and  360 . 
         [0062]    Gear  322  is meshed with gears  330  and  338 ; gear  324  is meshed with gears  332  and  340 ; gear  326  is meshed with gears  334  and  342 ; gear  328  is meshed with gears  336  and  344 ; and gears  346  and  348  are meshed. 
         [0063]    Clutch  350  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  330  and  334  to shaft  316 ; clutch  352  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  332  and  336  to shaft  316 ; clutch  356  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  338  and  342  to shaft  312 ; clutch  358  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  340  and  344  to shaft  314 ; and clutch  360  is arranged to non-rotatably connected gear  346  to shaft  312 . Synchronizer clutch  362  is arranged to non-rotatably connect lay shafts  318  and  320 . 
         [0064]    Transmission  304  includes: gears  364  and  366  non-rotatably connected to shaft  318 ; and gears  368 ,  370 ,  372 , and  374 , Transmission  304  includes: synchronizer clutches  376 ,  378 ,  380 ,  382  and  384 . Gear  364  is meshed with gears  368  and  372 ; gear  366  is meshed with gears  370  and  374 . Clutch  376  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  368  and  370  to shaft  316 ; clutch  378  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gear  372  to shaft  312 ; clutch  380  is arranged to non-rotatably connected gear  374  to shaft  314 . Clutch  382  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gear  322  to shaft  318  and clutch  384  is arranged to non-rotatably gear  326  to shaft  320 . 
         [0065]    Assembly  300  is arranged to provide gear ratios as follows. In the description to follows it should be understood that unless designated otherwise, a synchronizer clutch is open: 
         [0066]    1. First forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  356  to non-rotatably connect gear  342  to shaft  312 , close clutch  384  to non-rotatably connected gear  326  to shaft  320  and close clutch  352  to non-rotatably connected gear  336  to shaft  316 . 
         [0067]    2. Second forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  358  to non-rotatably connect gear  344  to shaft  114  and close clutch  352  to non-rotatably connected gear  336  to shaft  316 . 
         [0068]    3. Third forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  356  to non-rotatably connect gear  342  to shaft  112  and close clutch  350  to non-rotatably connect gear  334  to shaft  316 . 
         [0069]    4. Fourth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  358  to non-rotatably connect gear  344  to shaft  314 , close clutch  384  to non-rotatably connected gear  326  to shaft  320  and close clutch  350  to non-rotatably connect gear  334  to shaft  316 . 
         [0070]    5. Fifth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  356  to non-rotatably connect gear  338  to shaft  312 , close clutch  382  to non-rotatably connected gear  322  to shaft  318  and close clutch  352  to non-rotatably connected gear  332  to shaft  316 . 
         [0071]    6. Sixth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  358  to non-rotatably connect gear  340  to shaft  114  and close clutch  352  to non-rotatably connected gear  332  to shaft  316 . 
         [0072]    7. Seventh forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  356  to non-rotatably connect gear  338  to shaft  112  and close clutch  350  to non-rotatably connect gear  330  to shaft  316 . 
         [0073]    8. Eighth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  358  to non-rotatably connect gear  340  to shaft  314 , close clutch  382  to non-rotatably connected gear  322  to shaft  318  and close clutch  350  to non-rotatably connect gear  330  to shaft  316 . 
         [0074]    9. Ninth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  356  to non-rotatably connect gear  342  to shaft  312 , close clutch  362  to non-rotatably connect shafts  318  and  320 , close clutch  384  to non-rotatably connected gear  326  to shaft  320  and close clutch  350  to non-rotatably connect gear  330  to shaft  316 . 
         [0075]    10. Tenth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  358  to non-rotatably connect gear  344  to shaft  114 , close clutch  362  to non-rotatably connect gear  322  to shaft  320 , and close clutch  350  to non-rotatably connect gear  330  to shaft  316 . 
         [0076]    11. Eleventh forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  378  to non-rotatably connect gear  372  to shaft  112  and close clutch  376  to non-rotatably connected gear  370  to shaft  316 . 
         [0077]    12. Twelfth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  380  to non-rotatably connect gear  374  to shaft  114  and close clutch  376  to non-rotatably connected gear  370  to shaft  316 . 
         [0078]    13. Thirteenth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  356  to non-rotatably connect gear  338  to shaft  312 , close clutch  382  to non-rotatably connected gear  322  to shaft  318  and close clutch  352  to non-rotatably connect gear  332  to shaft  316 . 
         [0079]    14. Fourteenth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  358  to non-rotatably connect gear  344  to shaft  314 , close clutch  382  to non-rotatably connected gear  322  to shaft  318 , close clutch  362  to non-rotatably connect gear  326  to shaft  318  and close clutch  352  to non-rotatably connect gear  332  to shaft  316 . 
         [0080]    15. Fifteenth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  378  to non-rotatably connect gear  372  to shaft  3127  and close clutch  376  to non-rotatably connect gear  368  to shaft  316 . 
         [0081]    16. Sixteenth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  380  to non-rotatably connect gear  344  to shaft  114  and close clutch  376  to non-rotatably connect gear  368  to shaft  316 . 
         [0082]    17. First reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  358  to non-rotatably connect gear  344  to shaft  312 , close clutch  384  to non-rotatably connected gear  326  to shaft  320 , close clutch  356  to non-rotatably connected gear  342  to shaft  112  and close clutch  360  to non-rotatably connect gear  346  to shaft  312 . 
         [0083]    18. Second reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  360  to non-rotatably connect gear  346  to shaft  312 . 
         [0084]    19. Third reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  358  to non-rotatably connect gear  340  to shaft  314 , close clutch  382  to non-rotatably connected gear  322  to shaft  318 , close clutch  356  to non-rotatably connected gear  338  to shaft  112  and close clutch  360  to non-rotatably connect gear  346  to shaft  312 . 
         [0085]      FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram of a transmission with dual outputs, 16 forward speeds and three reverse speeds. Assembly  400  includes dual clutch assembly  102  and transmission  404 . Transmission  404  includes input shaft  112  connected to clutch CL 1  and input shaft  114  connected to clutch CL 2 . When clutch CL 1  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  112  via clutch CL 1 . When clutch CL 2  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  114  via clutch CL 2 . 
         [0086]    Transmission  404  includes: output shaft  416 ; lay shafts  418  and  420 ; gears  422  and  424  non-rotatably connected to shaft  418 ; gears  426  and  428  non-rotatably connected to shaft  420 ; and gears  430 ,  432 ,  434 ,  436 ,  438 ,  440 ,  442 ,  444 , and  446 ; and reverse gear  448  non-rotatably connected to shaft  416 . Transmission  404  includes: synchronizer clutches  450 ,  452 ,  454 ,  456 ,  458 , and  460 . 
         [0087]    Gear  422  is meshed with gears  430  and  438 ; gear  424  is meshed with gears  432  and  440 ; gear  426  is meshed with gears  434  and  442 ; gear  428  is meshed with gears  436  and  444 ; and gears  446  and  448  are meshed. 
         [0088]    Clutch  450  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  430  and  434  to shaft  416 ; clutch  452  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gear  432  to shaft  416 ; clutch  454  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gear  436  to shaft  416 ; clutch  456  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  438  and  442  to shaft  112 ; clutch  458  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  440  and  444  to shaft  114 ; and clutch  460  is arranged to non-rotatably connected gear  446  to shaft  112 . Synchronizer clutch  462  is arranged to non-rotatably connect lay shafts  418  and  420 . 
         [0089]    Transmission  404  includes: gears  464 ,  466 ,  472  and  474  non-rotatably connected to lay shaft  467 . Transmission  404  includes: synchronizer clutches  476 ,  478  and  480 . Gear  464  is meshed with gears  468  and  472 ; gear  466  is meshed with gears  470  and  474 . Clutch  476  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  468  and  470  to shaft  416 ; clutch  478  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gear  472  to shaft  112 ; and clutch  480  is arranged to non-rotatably connect shafts  418  and  467 . 
         [0090]    Assembly  400  is arranged to provide gear ratios as follows. In the description to follows it should be understood that unless designated otherwise, a synchronizer clutch is open: 
         [0091]    1. First forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  480  to non-rotatably connect shafts  418  and  467  and close clutch  452  to non-rotatably connected gear  432  to shaft  416 . 
         [0092]    2. Second forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  456  to non-rotatably connect gear  442  to shaft  112  and close clutch  454  to non-rotatably connected gear  436  to shaft  416 . 
         [0093]    3. Third forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  458  to non-rotatably connect gear  440  to shaft  114 , close clutch  480  to non-rotatably connect shafts  418  and  467  and close clutch  476  to non-rotatably connect gear  468  to shaft  416 . 
         [0094]    4. Fourth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  456  to non-rotatably connect gear  442  to shaft  112  and close clutch  450  to non-rotatably connect gear  434  to shaft  416 . 
         [0095]    5. Fifth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  458  to non-rotatably connect gear  440  to shaft  114  and close clutch  450  to non-rotatably connected gear  430  to shaft  416 . 
         [0096]    6. Sixth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  478  to non-rotatably connect gear  472  to shaft  112  and close clutch  476  to non-rotatably connected gear  470  to shaft  416 . 
         [0097]    7. Seventh forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  458  to non-rotatably connect gear  440  to shaft  114 , close clutch  462  to non-rotatably connect shafts  418  and  420 , and close clutch  450  to non-rotatably connect gear  434  to shaft  416 . 
         [0098]    8. Eighth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  478  to non-rotatably connect gear  472  to shaft  112  and close clutch  476  to non-rotatably connected gear  468  to shaft  416 . 
         [0099]    9. Ninth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  458  to non-rotatably connect gear  444  to shaft  114  and close clutch  450  to non-rotatably connect gear  434  to shaft  416 . 
         [0100]    10. Tenth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  456  to non-rotatably connect gear  438  to shaft  112 , close clutch  480  to non-rotatably connect shafts  418  and  467  and close clutch  476  to non-rotatably connect gear  470  to shaft  416 . 
         [0101]    11. Eleventh forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  458  to non-rotatably connect gear  444  to shaft  114  and close clutch  454  to non-rotatably connected gear  436  to shaft  416 . 
         [0102]    12. Twelfth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  456  to non-rotatably connect gear  438  to shaft  112  and close clutch  450  to non-rotatably connected gear  430  to shaft  416 . 
         [0103]    13. Thirteenth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  476  to non-rotatably connect gear  470  to shaft  416 . 
         [0104]    14. Fourteenth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  456  to non-rotatably connect gear  438  to shaft  112 , close clutch  462  to non-rotatably connected shafts  418  and  420  and close clutch  450  to non-rotatably connect gear  434  to shaft  416 . 
         [0105]    15. Fifteenth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  476  to non-rotatably connect gear  468  to shaft  416 . 
         [0106]    16. Sixteenth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  456  to non-rotatably connect gear  438  to shaft  112  and close clutch  476  to non-rotatably connect gear  468  to shaft  416 . 
         [0107]    17. First reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  458  to non-rotatably connect gear  444  to shaft  114 , close clutch  456  to non-rotatably connected gear  442  to shaft  112 , and close clutch  460  to non-rotatably connect gear  446  to shaft  112 . 
         [0108]    18. Second reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  460  to non-rotatably connect gear  446  to shaft  112 . 
         [0109]    19. Third reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  456  to non-rotatably connect gear  438  to shaft  114  and close clutch  460  to non-rotatably connect gear  446  to shaft  112 . 
         [0110]      FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of a transmission assembly with dual outputs, an on-board differential gear assembly, eight forward speeds and three reverse speeds. Assembly  500  includes dual clutch assembly  102  and transmission  504 . 
         [0111]    Assembly  500  includes dual clutch assembly  102  and transmission  504 . Transmission  504  includes input shaft  112  connected to clutch CL 1  and input shaft  114  connected to clutch CL 2 . When clutch CL 1  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  112  via clutch CL 1 . When clutch CL 2  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  114  via clutch CL 2 . 
         [0112]    Transmission  504  includes: output shafts  516 A and  516 B; lay shafts  518   520 ,  570  and  572 ; gears  522  and  524  non-rotatably connected to shaft  518 ; gears  526  and  528  non-rotatably connected to shaft  520 ; and gears  530 ,  532 ,  534 ,  536 ,  538 ,  540 ,  542 ,  544 , and  546 ; and reverse gear  548  non-rotatably connected to shaft  570 . Transmission  504  includes: synchronizer clutches  550 ,  552 ,  554 ,  556 , and  558 . 
         [0113]    Gear  522  is meshed with gears  530  and  538 ; gear  524  is meshed with gears  532  and  540 ; gear  526  is meshed with gears  534  and  542 ; gear  528  is meshed with gears  536  and  544 ; and gears  546  and  548  are meshed. 
         [0114]    Clutch  550  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  530  and  534  to shaft  570 ; clutch  552  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  532  and  536  to shaft  572 ; clutch  556  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  538  and  542  to shaft  112 ; clutch  558  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  540  and  544  to shaft  114 ; and clutch  560  is arranged to non-rotatably connected gear  546  to shaft  112 . 
         [0115]    Transmission  504  includes: differential  559  with casing  560  driven by shafts  570  and  572 ; planetary gear sets  562  and  564 ; and gears  566  and  568  arranged to drive shafts  516 A and  516 B, respectively. Thus, torque applied to either of shafts  570  or  572  is transmitted to both of shafts  516 A and  516 B via differential  559 . 
         [0116]    Assembly  500  is arranged to provide gear ratios as follows. In the description to follows it should be understood that unless designated otherwise, a synchronizer clutch is open: 
         [0117]    1. First forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  554  to non-rotatably connect gear  542  to shaft  112  and close clutch  552  to non-rotatably connected gear  536  to shaft  572 . 
         [0118]    2. Second forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  556  to non-rotatably connect gear  544  to shaft  114  and close clutch  552  to non-rotatably connected gear  536  to shaft  572 . 
         [0119]    3. Third forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  554  to non-rotatably connect gear  542  to shaft  112  and close clutch  550  to non-rotatably connected gear  534  to shaft  570 . 
         [0120]    4. Fourth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  556  to non-rotatably connect gear  544  to shaft  114  and close clutch  550  to non-rotatably connected gear  534  to shaft  570 . 
         [0121]    5. Fifth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  554  to non-rotatably connect gear  538  to shaft  112  and close clutch  552  to non-rotatably connected gear  532  to shaft  572 . 
         [0122]    6. Sixth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  556  to non-rotatably connect gear  540  to shaft  114  and close clutch  552  to non-rotatably connected gear  532  to shaft  572 . 
         [0123]    7. Seventh forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  554  to non-rotatably connect gear  538  to shaft  112  and close clutch  550  to non-rotatably connected gear  530  to shaft  570 . 
         [0124]    8. Eighth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  556  to non-rotatably connect gear  540  to shaft  114  and close clutch  550  to non-rotatably connected gear  530  to shaft  570 . 
         [0125]    9. First reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  556  to non-rotatably connect gear  544  to shaft  114 , close clutch  554  to non-rotatably connect gear  542  to shaft  112 , close clutch  558  to non-rotatably connect gear  546  to shaft  112  and close clutch  550  to non-rotatably connected gear  534  to shaft  570 . 
         [0126]    10. Second reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  556  to non-rotatably connect gear  544  to shaft  114 , close clutch  558  to non-rotatably connect gear  546  to shaft  112 , and close clutch  550  to non-rotatably connected gear  534  to shaft  570 . 
         [0127]    11. Third reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  556  to non-rotatably connect gear  540  to shaft  114 , close clutch  554  to non-rotatably connect gear  538  to shaft  112 , close clutch  558  to non-rotatably connect gear  546  to shaft  112  and close clutch  550  to non-rotatably connected gear  534  to shaft  570 . 
         [0128]      FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram of a transmission assembly with dual outputs, an on-board differential gear assembly, two on-board planetary gears sets, eight forward speeds and three reverse speeds. Assembly  600  includes dual clutch assembly  102  and transmission  604 . 
         [0129]    Assembly  600  includes dual clutch assembly  102  and transmission  604 . Transmission  604  includes input shaft  112  connected to clutch CL 1  and input shaft  114  connected to clutch CL 2 . When clutch CL 1  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  112  via clutch CL 1 . When clutch CL 2  is closed, torque is transmitted from shaft  106  to shaft  114  via clutch CL 2 . 
         [0130]    Transmission  604  includes: output shafts  616 A and  616 B; lay shafts  618   620 ,  670  and  672 ; gears  622  and  624  non-rotatably connected to shaft  618 ; gears  626  and  628  non-rotatably connected to shaft  620 ; and gears  630 ,  632 ,  634 ,  636 ,  638 ,  640 ,  642 ,  644 , and  646 ; and reverse gear  648  non-rotatably connected to shaft  670 . Transmission  604  includes synchronizer clutches  650 ,  652 ,  654 ,  656 , and  658 . 
         [0131]    Gear  622  is meshed with gears  630  and  638 ; gear  624  is meshed with gears  632  and  640 ; gear  626  is meshed with gears  634  and  642 ; gear  628  is meshed with gears  636  and  644 ; and gears  646  and  648  are meshed. 
         [0132]    Clutch  650  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  630  and  634  to shaft  670 ; clutch  652  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  632  and  636  to shaft  672 ; clutch  656  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  638  and  642  to shaft  112 ; clutch  658  is arranged to non-rotatably connect gears  640  and  644  to shaft  114 ; and clutch  660  is arranged to non-rotatably connected gear  646  to shaft  112 . 
         [0133]    Transmission  604  includes: differential  659  with casing  660  driven by shafts  670  and  672 ; planetary gear sets  662  and  664  in differential  659 ; and gears  666  and  668  arranged to drive shafts  616 A and  616 B, respectively. Transmission  604  includes planetary gears sets  674  and  676  with sun gears  678  and  680 , respectively, planetary carriers  682  and  684 , respectively, and rings gears  686  and  688 , respectively. Sun gears  678  and  680  are non-rotatably connected to shafts  670  and  672 , respectively. Carriers  682  and  684  are arranged to drive casing  660 . Ring gears  686  and  688  are grounded. Thus, torque applied to either of shafts  670  or  672  is transmitted to both of shafts  616 A and  616 B via differential  659 . Gears sets  674  and  676  each provide final drive gear ratio options. 
         [0134]    Assembly  600  is arranged to provide gear ratios as follows. In the description to follows it should be understood that unless designated otherwise, a synchronizer clutch is open: 
         [0135]    1. First forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  654  to non-rotatably connect gear  642  to shaft  112  and close clutch  652  to non-rotatably connected gear  636  to shaft  672 . 
         [0136]    2. Second forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  656  to non-rotatably connect gear  644  to shaft  114  and close clutch  652  to non-rotatably connected gear  636  to shaft  672 . 
         [0137]    3. Third forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  654  to non-rotatably connect gear  642  to shaft  112  and close clutch  650  to non-rotatably connected gear  634  to shaft  670 . 
         [0138]    4. Fourth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  656  to non-rotatably connect gear  644  to shaft  114  and close clutch  650  to non-rotatably connected gear  634  to shaft  670 . 
         [0139]    5. Fifth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  654  to non-rotatably connect gear  638  to shaft  112  and close clutch  652  to non-rotatably connected gear  632  to shaft  672 . 
         [0140]    6. Sixth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  656  to non-rotatably connect gear  640  to shaft  114  and close clutch  652  to non-rotatably connected gear  532  to shaft  672 . 
         [0141]    7. Seventh forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  654  to non-rotatably connect gear  638  to shaft  112  and close clutch  650  to non-rotatably connected gear  630  to shaft  670 . 
         [0142]    8. Eighth forward gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  656  to non-rotatably connect gear  640  to shaft  114  and close clutch  650  to non-rotatably connected gear  630  to shaft  670 . 
         [0143]    9. First reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  656  to non-rotatably connect gear  644  to shaft  114 , close clutch  654  to non-rotatably connect gear  642  to shaft  112 , close clutch  658  to non-rotatably connect gear  646  to shaft  112  and close clutch  650  to non-rotatably connected gear  634  to shaft  670 . 
         [0144]    10. Second reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 1 . Close clutch  656  to non-rotatably connect gear  644  to shaft  114 , close clutch  658  to non-rotatably connect gear  646  to shaft  112 , and close clutch  650  to non-rotatably connected gear  634  to shaft  670 . 
         [0145]    11. Third reverse gear ratio: Close clutch CL 2 . Close clutch  656  to non-rotatably connect gear  640  to shaft  114 , close clutch  654  to non-rotatably connect gear  638  to shaft  112 , close clutch  658  to non-rotatably connect gear  646  to shaft  112  and close clutch  650  to non-rotatably connected gear  634  to shaft  670 . 
         [0146]      FIG. 7  is a schematic block diagram of front-wheel drive power train  700  with a transmission having dual outputs, an on-board differential, and final drive ratio. Power train  700  includes engine  702 , front wheels  704 , and universal joints  706 . In one example, power train  700  includes transmission  604 . Clutch assembly  102  connects engine  702  to the transmission. Transmission  604  transmits torque from the engine to the wheels with the final drive ratio. Advantageously, in comparison to power train  1000  in  FIG. 10 , Power train  700  does not require a differential gear outside of the transmission and as a consequence, the space required for power train  700  in direction D is reduced. In one example, transmission  504  is used in drive power train  700  by installing respective output gears between the transmission and each of the front wheels to provide the final gear ratio. 
         [0147]      FIG. 8  is a schematic block diagram of rear-wheel drive power train  800  with a transmission having dual outputs. Power train  800  includes engine  802 , rear wheels  804 , universal joints  806 , differential gear  808 , and drive shaft  810 . In one example, power train  800  includes one of transmissions  104 ,  204 ,  304 , or  404 . Clutch assembly  102  connects engine  802 . Advantageously, in comparison to power train  1100  in  FIG. 11 , Power train  800  requires less space in direction D, since the clutch input and output shafts are not co-linear as in  FIG. 11 . In one example (not shown), power train  800  includes transmission  504 . In one example (not shown), power train  800  includes transmission  604  providing the final drive ratio. In this example, differential  808  no longer provides the final drive ratio. 
         [0148]      FIG. 9  is a schematic block diagram of all-wheel drive power train  900  with a transmission having dual outputs, an on-board differential, and final drive ratio. Power train  900  includes engine  902 , front wheels  904 , rear wheels  906 , universal joints  908 , front differential gear  910 , rear differential gear  912 , and drive shaft  914 . In one example, power train  900  includes transmission  504 . To simplify presentation, universal joints between gear  910  and wheels  904  are not shown. Clutch assembly  102  connects engine  902  to the transmission. Transmission  504  transmits torque from the engine to wheels  904  and  906  and differential gears  910  and  912  provide the respective final drive ratios. Advantageously, in comparison to power train  1200  in  FIG. 12 , Power train  900  eliminates the need for the transfer case and the components connecting the transfer case to gear  1212 . In one example (not shown) power train  900  includes one of transmissions  104 ,  204 ,  304 , or  404  with a differential between the transmission and one of differential gear  910  or  912 . In one example (not shown), power train  900  includes transmission  604 . In this example, differentials  910  and  912  no longer provide the respective final drive ratios. 
         [0149]    Advantageously, transmissions  104 ,  204 ,  304 ,  404 ,  504  and  604  offer a degree of modularity not found in known transmissions. For example, as described for  FIGS. 7 through 9 , the same transmission  604  can be used in each of front-wheel, rear-wheel and all-wheel drive power trains. Transmission  504  also can be used in each of front-wheel, rear-wheel and all-wheel drive power trains with the considerations noted above. Transmissions  104 ,  204 ,  304 ,  404 , and  504  can be used in a rear-wheel and all-wheel drive power trains with the considerations noted above. This modularity offers advantages by: reducing manufacturing cost and complexity for transmission manufacturers and OEMs; reducing inventory requirements and standardizing power train configurations for vehicle manufacturers; and reducing stocking requirements and standardizing repair procedures for vehicle repair facilities. 
         [0150]    It will be appreciated that various of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.