Abstract:
The present disclosure sets forth a safety device for scaffolding so that workmen can climb up or down on the exterior of the scaffolding in safety. The apparatus includes an outwardly extending curving davit having an elevated and radially outwardly extending end supporting, at an eyelet, a fall arrester. The fall arrester is anchored with a hook and an eyelet and has an elongate cable of adequate length extending down to a hook connecting with a D-ring on a body harness for a user. If the user falls, the fall arrester sets a brake preventing the cable from extending, thereby interrupting the fall of the workman.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/878,340 filed on Jun. 18, 1997, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In construction of a multi-story building, it is necessary to work on the building from the exterior. This is especially true when covering the exterior with a brick veneer constructed from the ground up. It also typically is required to affix window frames, awnings and gutters. It is not uncommon to erect a scaffolding which is the length of the building. Indeed, it is not uncommon to put scaffolding around a building which completely encircles the building. If the building has a rectangular shape of 50 feet by 100 feet and stands 50 feet tall (not uncommon for a four story building), the aggregate length of the scaffolding will represent 300 linear feet on the surface standing 50 feet tall. Personnel often are required to climb up the scaffolding. Sometimes, they can climb on the interior. Often, however, they must climb on the exterior of the scaffolding. This is dangerous to personnel who may slip and fall off the scaffolding. When they fall from the outside face of the scaffolding, they typically will fall onto construction equipment, stacked raw materials and many other things. The injuries from the fall are compounded by the irregular surface area. Moreover, when such a fall occurs, it typically happens when the workman is climbing up the side of the scaffolding and topples over backwards onto his back. The present disclosure is a safety device which protects against this kind of fall. This is true, for buildings, and also tall petrochemical plants. 
     In protecting the workman climbing on the outside face of scaffolding, the present disclosure sets forth a safety device which is rigged on the scaffolding. It is customary for the scaffolding to be erected from level to level. For instance, the scaffolding is erected to a height enabling construction on the second floor. Then, it is extended up to the third floor as the work proceeds up the building. As it is extended to match the height of the building, or at least approximately so, the additions to the scaffolding enable the workmen to climb up the side. The present disclosure sets forth an overhead device supported on the scaffolding and is directed to an overhead device which supports the workman. Moreover, it is a protective system which enables the workmen to climb up and down the exterior of the scaffolding. While climbing occurs, the workmen are tethered to this apparatus and are protected against falling. 
     It is such a matter of chance that the fall can be insignificant in many instances and yet can create bodily injury, even death in other instances, from the same height. It is not uncommon for workmen to fall 15 or 20 feet and walk away with no injury. Just as tragically, the same height fall can be fatal to some workmen. It is that irregular risk, wholly unpredictable, that accents the danger and harm that might arise with a fall. When downward movement increases as would occur at the start of a fall, the tether connected to the workmen arrests the fall and holds the workmen. This involves an overhead davit which extends out over the top edge of the scaffolding to extend a cable of sufficient length to reach down to the workmen. The cable is grabbed by the workmen and then latched to a connective ring on a body harness worn by the workmen. The body harness includes appropriate straps so that all the weight of the workmen hangs on the tether line extending from above. Accordingly, as the workmen travel up or down on the exterior of the scaffolding and should fall, the fall is arrested and injury is prevented. 
     The present disclosure is directed in particular to a demountable davit. It is desirable to mount it at a particular height above on the top edge of scaffolding. Eventually, however, the scaffolding will be extended upwardly by another row of scaffolding members, thereby raising the height. The device of the present invention is detached and remounted. It is moved to the new upper level. As it is moved, it enables workmen on the exterior of the scaffolding to be protected at all times and at greater heights. Again, it is not uncommon to erect the scaffolding as much as 100 feet; even at that height, the workmen can be protected. As one would further understand, as the height of the scaffolding becomes greater, the chance of merely walking away from the fall becomes quite small above about 20 or 30 feet. Indeed, fatal injuries have occurred even at lower heights but they are substantially guaranteed at heights above about 30 or 35 feet. The present apparatus is summarized as comprising an overhead davit which extends outwardly. It has a mounting mechanism which attaches to an upright member of the scaffolding. It is attached by multiple clamps. At the distal end of the davit, there is a reinforced eyelet which supports a retractable tether line equipped to latch on falling. The tether line connects with a harness worn by the workmen. The body harness supports the weight of the workmen. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     So that the manner in which the above recited features, advantages and objects of the present invention are attained and can be understood in detail, more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. 
     FIG. 1 is a side view of the davit mounted safety system of the present disclosure installed on a multi-story scaffolding system and illustrates the laterally extending overhead davit in conjunction with a full body hardness worn by a user; 
     FIG. 2 is an enlarged detailed view of the davit which extends outwardly and above the scaffolding; and 
     FIGS. 3,  4  and  5  show different types of clamp mechanisms for attaching the davit on the scaffolding. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Attention is first directed to FIG. 1 of the drawings where the numeral  10  identifies the present invention which is attached to a scaffolding system. To put the device  10  in context, the description will digress momentarily to the construction site so that the context will be more readily understood. The context begins at the ground  12  which is marginally located around the face of a building  14 . The building  14  can be any height, and for purposes of illustration, it will be discussed in the context of a brick veneer building which incorporates a partially completely brick veneer  16  which extends upwardly to the illustrated height, assumed to be the height of the third floor. The scaffolding at different levels will support temporarily installed horizontal planking  18  such as a set of 2×8&#39;s which are shown. These provide temporary decking for the brick layers. Other craftsmen will typically use this also. It is temporary in the sense that it is laid for the moment on the scaffolding to be described. It is placed at this location temporarily and will ultimately be moved to a higher location as the course of bricks raises the brick veneer. The brick veneer  16  is continued until some limitation is encountered. Then, the planking  18  will be disassembled and raised to a greater height in the scaffolding. This is continued indefinitely until the scaffolding extends to the top most height required for building construction. At that juncture, the building is then finished, the planking  18  is removed, and the scaffolding is disassembled. Again, FIG. 1 shows a building but the system can be installed adjacent to a silo, tank, distillation column and the like. 
     The scaffolding is indicated generally by the numeral  20 . It incorporates a set of vertical legs  22  which terminate at appropriately mounted feet  24  resting on the ground. The feet  24  level the scaffolding so it is erected vertically and parallel to the building  14 . The legs  22  are installed at two rows, one row being right next to the building and the second row is located in parallel fashion but spaced out from the building and is the outer leg. The legs  22  are symmetrically constructed as illustrated in FIG.  1 . Diagonal braces  26  are incorporated. The diagonals in particular serve the function of maintaining the parallel stability of the legs  22 . Periodically, the parallel frame members are additionally reinforced by a horizontal scaffolding member  28 . The horizontal member connects with appropriate connectors in the legs so that the scaffolding can be assembled repetitively to achieve the required height. The horizontal bar  28  serves as a floor support for the planking  18  which is shown further up the scaffolding. Other aspects of the scaffolding need not be illustrated. It is, however, noted that the scaffolding is installed so that it is self-supporting and stabilized. If the scaffolding is erected along a single wall, caution must be exercised to stabilize the scaffolding by attaching the scaffolding to a number of guy wires to assure that it does not wobble. Where the scaffolding is arranged along two, three or four sides of a building, stability is enhanced by connecting the scaffolding on the multiple side walls of the building so that the scaffolding is a continuous member extending around the corner, so to speak. This helps stabilize the scaffolding against toppling. 
     Assume for purposes of illustration that the scaffolding shown in FIG. 1 extends 40 feet high and the planking  18  is located at a height of 35 feet. The vertical legs  22  are shown as a continuous line but it will be appreciated that they are ordinarily assembled out of individual shorter joints which are threaded to mating couplings. Details of this sort have been omitted from the drawings because they are believed to be well known and understood in the art. 
     The outer leg  22  is used to support the davit structure. This is better shown on reference to FIG. 2 of the drawings. There, the leg  22  is shown at the left side and is the vertical anchor member. Anchoring is accomplished through the use of at least a pair of protruding horizontal clamps  30 . At least two and sometimes three clamps can be attached to hold the vertical curving davit. FIG. 2 therefore illustrates the upstanding tubular davit which includes the vertical portion  32  and the curved portion  34 . The distal end  36  defines the termination of the davit. This is located where it hangs out over the edge of the scaffolding by approximately 8 to 30 inches. The curved portion extends upwardly at an angle between about 20 and 40°, the preferred angle being an angle of about 30°. The davit is formed of a bent pipe having a nominal diameter of at least about two inches to about three inches. The davit under the bent portion  34  is protected by a gusset plate  38  which is cut to match the contour of the curving pipe  34  and is welded in the curvature. At the distal end, a triangular support gusset  40  is incorporated. A fastener eyelet  42  is formed in it. 
     FIGS. 3,  4  and  5  show alternate forms of the clamp. Going specifically to the clamp 30 shown in FIG. 3, it incorporates symmetrical halves and is constructed with a davit clamp opening  44 . At the other end, an opening  46  is formed so that the pipe leg  22  can be snugly clamped. Two or sometimes three heavy gauge bolts  48  are used to pull the two halves together so that the clamp mechanism holds firmly to both of the clamped members. The fit should be snug so that the clamp does not slide after fastening. 
     FIGS. 3,  4  and  5  show different constructions of clamps. FIG. 4 is illustrated to clamp around a rectangular or box leg. FIG. 5 differs in that it shows a leg formed of six sided tubing. In some instances, the clamp will be required to fasten to a H-beam. While the variety of leg shapes for the scaffolding can be accommodated, it is desirable primarily that the opening  46  snugly grip and hold against the scaffolding leg. 
     The several clamps shown in FIGS. 3,  4  and  5  also illustrate variations in scale which can be implemented. As an example, the openings  44  and  46  can be the same diameter but they can differ in size. Likewise, two or three fasteners can be used. The clamps are preferably constructed with sufficient thickness that they do not bend of flex, and they are further constructed to assure certain clamping at the openings  44  and  46 . Those inside surfaces can be made rough; for example, at the time of fabrication, the openings  44  and  46  can be knurled on the inside to assure a firm grip. 
     Two or three of the clamps are attached to hold the davit in place. The davit is rotated so that it extends at right angles to the scaffolding  20 . This locates the distal end  36  at an extended location outwardly of the scaffolding. In terms of fabrication, the gusset  38  is contoured to the curvature and has a thickness so that it assures relative stiffness. The welded member  40  is best installed with more than simply a weld along the bottom side of the curving davit pipe  34 . Preferably, the end of the pipe is split so that the member  40  is inserted into the split. It is then welded on the inside of the pipe at the distal end  36  as well as forming left and right beads on the exterior of the pipe  36 . This assures an enhanced connection between the two components. 
     Attention is now directed to the tether system in FIG. 1 which includes a fall arrester. One such device is provided by the Aros firm and is known as a retractable life line. The model is the G-Series. Continuous tension of a specified amount permits cable to be spooled in or out. The fall arrester  50  includes an upper connective link  52  which is preferably a ring or hook fastening through the eyelet  42  previously mentioned and illustrated in FIG.  2 . The fall arrester  50  encloses a retractable steel cable. Cable lengths ranging from about 20 to about 120 feet are spooled in the equipment. The cable  54  extends downwardly to a fastening ring  56 . Briefly, the device permits the cable to be pulled in or out at a constant but safe velocity. If the cable is pulled downwardly at an increasing velocity, an inertial disk pad braking system is operated to retard cable extension, and arrest downward movement. The system can be adjusted so that the length of the fall is quite short. To avoid jerking the workmen violently, it is desirable that the fall arrester  50  slow down and retard the fall of a workman. To this end, if a workman starts falling, the deceleration leading to absolute stoppage occurs in an adjustable distance and it is preferably about 2 to 4 feet. This assures that the workman is caught quickly and not bounced around, hanging next to the exterior of the scaffolding  20 . The workman is connected with the hook  56  by means of a body harness  60 . The body harness  60  includes a belt  62  and leg straps  64  which loop around and under both legs. It is illustrated from the back in FIG.  1  and incorporates upwardly extending suspenders  66  which terminate at a D-ring  70 . The D-ring connected to the harness holds the entire weight of the person. The D-ring  70  transfers the weight of the workmen to the fall arrester  50 . 
     The device is used in the following manner. The davit is installed at the raised elevation shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings with the fall arrester  50  suspended from the outer end. The hook  56  is engaged and is pulled downwardly, thereby extending the cable  54 . If need be, a convenient hook  72  is located on one of the legs near the bottom to simply locate and tie off the cable  54  at a convenient height near the ground. For use, the workmen puts on the full body harness  60 . The hook  56  is engaged with the D-ring  70 . While the hook is shown in schematic form, it will be appreciated that it is a closed hook which latches onto the D-ring and holds without risk of accidental disengagement. At this point, the workmen is then able to start climbing up the exterior of the scaffolding  20 . As the workman climbs, the fall arrester spools in the cable  54 . It is stored on a drum or reel which is integral to the fall arrester. As a generalization, the cable is spooled in or out at a controlled minimal velocity. Whether going up or down the scaffolding, the fall arrester cable is maintained taut. The brake in the device is adjusted so that this rate of movement is permitted. 
     Assume that the workman accidentally falls from the scaffolding at a dangerous height. Immediately, the cable  54 , initially taut, is pulled more rapidly from the fall arrester  50 . When it reaches the set velocity, the inertial brake is applied to the drum and the drum is stopped. The fall of the workman will be just two or three feet before the weight of the workman is held fully by the tethered cable  54 . It is not uncommon that the workman will bounce and swing to and fro. Even if the workman is rotated, the swinging to and fro of the workman on the tethered cable accompanied by rotation will typically spin the workman around so that the workman is able to reach over and grab the leg  22  of the scaffolding, and pull himself back to safety. Once back safely climbing the scaffolding, the workman can then climb upwardly for just a moment, thereby releasing the inertial brake. This will then enable the workman to finish climbing to the top or bottom of the scaffolding as desired. 
     The scaffolding might thereafter be extended to greater heights. To raise the scaffolding to a greater elevation, scaffolding erection simply continues upwardly as desired. Once the height of the scaffolding is enhanced, typically adding another story in height, the safety apparatus  10  of the present disclosure is momentarily dismounted. This can be done safely by a workman who is located inside the scaffolding and standing on the planking  18 . If desired, the planking can be moved up to another level also. In a safe manner, the clamps 30 are disengaged and the outwardly extending safety davit is then raised to the next height. This requires reinstallation of the two clamps. 
     If the scaffolding system around the building is quite long, safety davits of the sort shown above are located at several locations. This makes the use of the safety equipment much more convenient for workmen. Typically, two or three different harnesses  60  may be required in the area. If desired, the hook  72  can be used for a convenient hook for the safety harness  60  as well as the cable  54  pulled down from the fall arrester  50 . 
     While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment, the scope is determined by the claims which follow.