Abstract:
An ultraviolet-and-ozone disinfection apparatus  200  providing an improvement on disinfection, includes a disinfection tank  202 , a mercury UV lamp  210  enclosed by a quartz tube  208  for generating UV light with air trapped between them undergoing UV irradiation to generate ozone, an ozone transmitting tube  216 , a spiral water transmitting tube  215  wrapping around the quartz tube in a spiral manner to achieve sufficient disinfection by mixing ozone in water, a sleeve barrel enclosing the spiral tube. Along the entire flow path, water is exposed to UV radiation to achieve sufficient disinfection and reduce excessive ozone that is harmful to human health.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELEVANT APPLICATION  
         [0001]    This application is referred to a previous Taiwan application of serial no. 091133459 filed on Nov. 14, 2002. The applicant is also the inventor for both previous and present application.  
         FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The invention relates to an ultraviolet-and-ozone disinfection apparatus that improves the disinfection effect, and more particularly, a disinfection apparatus that provides double-spiral water flows that causes ozone gas and water to mix and dissolve thoroughly and homogenously. In addition, the water is exposed thoroughly under the irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) light to enhance the disinfection effect.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    In the conventional water treatment process, the water to be treated is exposed to the ozone generated by a mercury UV lamp. Another method is to expose an air stream to UV light irradiation causing the oxygen in the air to generate ozone. This ozonated air is then dissolved into the water to be treated for disinfection to purify water.  
           [0004]    There are mainly two methods to generate ozone; one method is a high pressure electric discharge and another is irradiation by a mercury UV lamp. Generally, in the method of UV irradiation by a UV lamp, the UV light generated by the lamp contains two wavelengths: 254 nm (nanometer) and 185 nm. Wavelength of about 185 nm is the main wave band to generate ozone for disinfecting water. Once the UV light having a wavelength of about 254 nm contacts a microorganism, the UV light can be absorbed easily by protein, DNA and RNA in the microorganism. After the absorption of UV light by some protein substances reaches certain strength (dose), the cell membrane will be ruptured, causing the cell to die. In addition, even if the UV dose is not high enough to cause immediate death of the cell, a lower dose of irradiation is sufficient to cause the microorganism to lose its breeding ability which makes people sick.  
           [0005]    Ozone is basically a very strong oxidizing agent. As indicated above, when the ozone gets in contact with a microorganism, the disinfecting mechanism includes: 1. Direct destruction of the cell wall causing the cell to die due to the outflow of cell composition; 2. Generation of a by-product of free radical due to the decomposition of ozone causing the cell to die; 3. Destruction of the constitutive structure of the nucleic acid; 4. Interruption of the bonding causing the separation of polymer.  
           [0006]    Both UV light and ozone have the ability to perform disinfection, however, in terms of application, especially on disinfecting the drinking water, each has its own merits and shortcomings. The configuration of the equipment is also a basis for determining the quality of the actual effect. To enhance the disinfection effect, a so-called dual mode method by using both of ozone and UV light methods can be employed in the disinfection apparatus. In this dual mode method, ozone generated from the UV light irradiation having a short wavelength of around 185 nm is mixed to dissolve in the water to be disinfected. And, UV light having a wavelength of around 254 nm generated by a UV mercury lamp is employed to irradiate water directly.  
           [0007]    In the disinfection process design, the ozone generated by a UV lamp is continuously extracted and dissolved into the water for purification, and thereby carrying out the first step of disinfection. The ozonated water is then guided to the exterior of the UV lamp that generated the original ozone. The UV light having a wavelength of 254 nm is then used to irradiate the ozonated water that further enhances the disinfection effect. In the mean time, part of the ozone is reduced which not only makes the water finally flowing out of the apparatus thoroughly be disinfected but also make the excessive and residual ozone be eliminated to prevent human health from being impaired.  
           [0008]    In the prior art, the relevant patents have resolved the system design problems such as the generation of ozone and its injection into the water, as well as combining the disinfection of UV radiation. However, they fail to demonstrate their performance of effectively prolonging the irradiation time of UV light and the functioning time of ozone, as well as enhancing the basic requirement of disinfection by mixing and dissolving the ozone in the water homogeneously.  
           [0009]    The disinfecting effect of ultraviolet-and-ozone essentially depends on the amount of dosage and the duration of contact time. The UV disinfection usually considers what is known as an UV dose problem. An UV dose refers to an UV fluence rate multiplied by its irradiation time. To achieve a certain disinfection capability, the UV light must have sufficient disinfection strength and a long enough irradiation response time. In general, the irradiation strength of any commercially available UV lamps can all meet the requirement in the initial stage of usage by irradiating the water through a quartz tube to achieve the disinfection effect. The effective reaction time depends on the length of the reaction chamber disregarding whether the UV lamp operates for 24 hours a day or is controlled by means of an on/off switch. A typical commercial product has a contact length of about 30 cm.  
           [0010]    Although the description of some prior arts indicates the employment of the natural spiral effect by making use of the impact of water back-flow to extend the irradiation time, the effect of that extension is just within 1.5 times, which is equivalent to around 40 cm of contact length.  
           [0011]    Similar to the UV-light disinfection, the evaluation of the disinfection effect of ozone employs the so-called CT value that is a product of the concentration C and the contact time T. Consequently, in order to produce an effective disinfection, sufficient contacting time is necessary to have the ozone mix with and dissolve in the water.  
           [0012]    In terms of water treatment, relevant patents as illustrated in FIG. 1 are U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,215 of Engelhard&#39;s (Water purification unit) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,540,848 of Engelhard&#39;s (Filter retainer for water purification unit). In both cases, the water to be treated is created a vortex pattern  402  surrounding the UV radiation source  401  to eliminate bacteria in the water and microorganisms that are harmful to human health.  
           [0013]    Again as shown in FIG. 2 U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,229B1, Kool et al.&#39;s (point-of-use water treatment system) also uses water to be treated to create a vortex pattern  412  surrounding the UV radiation source (not shown in diagram) to eliminate bacteria in water and also microorganisms that are harmful to human health. However, these patents are all simple designs of a spiral water column, and the exposure time to UV radiation is very limited.  
           [0014]    Again, as shown in FIG. 3 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,273,660, Beitzel&#39;s (purification of water through the use of ozone and ultraviolet light) traditionally soaks the water to be treated  432  directly around the UV lamp tube  431 . This patent does not have any spiral design of water flow, so the disinfection effect is also very limited.  
           [0015]    In addition, as shown in FIG. 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 5,707,594, Austin&#39;s (Pathogen control system) uses a spiral Teflon transmitting tube  424  that wraps around the UV lamp  424  to transmit water. The spiral Teflon tube itself causes the UV irradiation to attenuate, and is therefore unable to achieve the disinfection objective. Furthermore, the Teflon tube is lengthy and expensive, therefore is not economical.  
           [0016]    Consequently, how to extend the water flow of water treatment so that the mixture of ozone and water can be well mixed to enhance the disinfection effect, and how to ensure this ozonated water is sufficiently irradiated to enhance the ultraviolet disinfection effect have become the objects of this claim.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0017]    In light of the disadvantages of the prior arts, the invention provides a ultraviolet-and-ozone disinfection apparatus that aims to ameliorate at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art or to provide a useful alternative.  
           [0018]    The invention provides an improvement to prolong the time of exposure to the UV irradiation so as to achieve sufficient disinfection effect.  
           [0019]    In general, the concentration of ozone generated from the UV lamp is not that high and is less than around one-twentieth comparing with that of the so-called Corona discharge. In view of this, the only way to achieve improvement is to extend the contact time. In accordance to the invention, after mixing the ozone with water, the ozonated water spirals down the tube and the travel distance exceeds 120 cm. The time is prolonged to about 3 to 4 times that of the previous technique. After the ozonated water flows out of the tube in a spiral manner, it flows back upstream (water flows in a double spiral path) to a pitch of a spiral tube and the gap between the tube and the sleeve barrel. All along the flow path, the ozonated water is again under sufficient UV irradiation for disinfection.  
           [0020]    To sum up, the invention applies the dual mode disinfection process with the double-spiral-water-flow design to achieve the disinfection result that previous techniques have failed to achieve by effectively extending the ozone and the UV disinfection times.  
           [0021]    In view of the imperfection of the prior art, this invention suggests prolonging and improving the contact exposure time to achieve sufficient disinfection effect. So the object of this invention is to provide a dual mode disinfection apparatus and a special double spiral water flow design. The total distance of the flow can go above 120 cm, which is equal to 4 times the irradiation time and this greatly improves the disinfection effect.  
           [0022]    It is therefore the main objective of the invention to provide a dual mode of disinfection apparatus and a special double spiral water flow design. That the route of the flow can be as high as 120 cm that is equivalent to 4 times the irradiation time greatly improves the disinfection effect.  
           [0023]    To achieve the aforementioned objective, an embodiment of the invention provides a ultraviolet-and-ozone disinfection apparatus that includes a disinfection tank used as a housing and is having an water inlet and an water outlet, a mercury ultraviolet (UV) lamp for generating ultraviolet light, a quartz tube  208  enclosing the mercury UV lamp having air trapped between them being irradiated by the UV light to generate ozone gas, an ozone gas transmitting tube  216  inserted between them, a spiral water transmitting tube  215  surrounding the quartz tube  208  for homogenously mixing the ozone gas in the water to achieve sufficient disinfection effect, as well as a sleeve barrel  217  enclosing the spiral water transmitting tube  215 . Following the impact force downstream through the tube, water out-flown from the spiral water transmitting tube  215  generates a reactive water flow that upstream back and flows along the outer surface of the spiral water transmitting tube  215  and through the space in the pitch of the spiral shape inside the sleeve barrel. Therefore, the water is all the way up exposed under the irradiation of the UV light to accomplish sufficient UV disinfection effect and reduce the excessive ozone that is harmful to human health. Finally, the disinfected water flows out of the water outlet to provide drinking water.  
           [0024]    In another embodiments of the invention, one end of the sleeve barrel is closed off at the top of the disinfection tank and another end of the sleeve barrel is closed off at the bottom of the disinfection tank. Therefore, the sleeve barrel itself can replace the disinfection tank which houses the disinfection apparatus and therefore the disinfection tank can be removed.  
           [0025]    In still another embodiments of the invention, the water inlet and the water outlet of the disinfection tank can be disposed anywhere in the disinfection tank.  
           [0026]    In still another embodiments of the invention, the ultraviolet-and-ozone disinfection apparatus can be a single mode of ultraviolet disinfection apparatus having improvement on UV disinfection effect.  
           [0027]    In still another embodiments of the invention, the disinfection tank can be made of material selected from the group consisting of plastic, stainless steel and glass.  
           [0028]    In still another embodiments of the invention, the number of the mercury of UV lamps is not limited to one but can be increased based on the actual need  
           [0029]    In still another embodiments of the invention, the spiral water transmitting tube can be made of material selected from the group consisting of plastic and glass.  
           [0030]    It is still another embodiments of the invention, the sleeve barrel can be made of material selected from the group consisting of plastic, Teflon, stainless steel, and glass.  
           [0031]    It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.  
           [0032]    It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary, and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0033]    [0033]FIG. 1 is a fragmentary section view of a schematic diagram of the water treatment system of the prior art of U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,215.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 2 is a fragmentary section view of a isometric schematic diagram of the water treatment system of the prior art of U.S. Pat. No. 6,245,229.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 3 is fragmentary section view of a schematic diagram of the water treatment system of the prior art of U.S. Pat. No. 4,273,660.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 4 is fragmentary section view of a schematic diagram of the water treatment system of the prior art of U.S. Pat. No. 5,707,594.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 5 is a section view of a schematic diagram of the water treatment system relevant to the invention.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 6 is fragmentary section view of a schematic diagram of the disinfection apparatus of the invention.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 7 is a fragmentary section view of a schematic diagram of the disinfection apparatus of the invention using two different arrows to represent the direction of water flow created by a spiral water flow. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0040]    As shown in FIG. 5, the ultraviolet-and-ozone disinfection apparatus  200  of the invention that provides an improvement on disinfection effect is a part of a water treatment system. The water treatment system includes a filtering apparatus  100 , a disinfection apparatus  200 , and an ozone injection apparatus  300 .  
         [0041]    The ultraviolet-and-ozone disinfection apparatus  200  includes a disinfection tank  202 , a mercury UV lamp  210 , a quartz tube  208 , an ozone transmitting tube  216 , a spiral water transmitting tube  215 , and a sleeve barrel  217 .  
         [0042]    As shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, the disinfection tank  202  is used as housing for the disinfection apparatus  200  and has a water inlet  204  and a water outlet  206 . The mercury UV lamp  210  (FIG. 6) centered in the disinfection apparatus  200  is used to generate UV light after an electrical charge is applied. A wavelength of about 185 nm of the UV light can make the air generate ozone while a wavelength of about 254 nm of the UV light can be used for water disinfection, and also can eliminate excessive ozone. In other applications, the water inlet and the water outlet can be placed anywhere in the disinfection tube. Moreover, the number of mercury UV lamps does not have to be limited to one and can be increased if needed. The disinfection tube  202  can be made of material such as plastic, stainless steel or glass.  
         [0043]    [0043]FIGS. 5, 6, and  7  show a translucent quartz tube  208  which can be penetrated by UV light with the wavelength of about 254 nm but not by UV light with the wavelength of about 185 nm. The UV lamp  210  is enclosed by the quartz tube  208  with a gap  219  between them, and the gap is filled with air. The quantity of ozone generated by the UV irradiation with the wavelength of about 185 nm is more than the quantity of ozone eliminated by UV irradiation with a wavelength of about 254 nm. Therefore, the net quantity of ozone will be increased due to the UV irradiation.  
         [0044]    As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the ozone gas transmitting tube  216  is inserted into the gap  219  between the mercury UV lamp  210  and the quartz tube  208 . One end of the ozone gas transmitting tube  216  is connected to the ozone injection apparatus  300 , while the other end is exposed to an air inlet  220  inside the gap. Ozone is generated under UV light irradiation to the air in the gap  219  and is drawn in by the suction force of the ozone injection apparatus  300  that created a low pressure. Since the ozone transmitting tube  216  is a non-transparent tube and cannot be penetrated by UV light, therefore, Although the ozone is exposed to UV light irradiation, the concentration of ozone in the ozone transmitting tube  216  is not affected.  
         [0045]    Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 the spiral water transmitting tube  215  is wrapped around the quartz tube  208  having one end of which connected to the water inlet  204 , while the other end connected to a flood gate  221 . The ozonated water transmitted from the ozone injection apparatus  300  through the water inlet  204  is well mixed, and sufficient disinfection effect can be achieved. But because UV light cannot penetrate through the non-transparent spiral water transmitting tube  215 , the UV light does not affect the ozonated water inside the spiral water transmitting tube  215  for ozone disinfection. The spiral water transmitting tube  215  can be made of plastic or glass material. Besides, excessive thick wall of the water transmitting tube  215  may attenuate the strength of the UV light that may result in making the disinfection become less effective. This kind of disadvantage can be improved since the water is restricted within the water transmitting tube  215  that is as thin as about 6 mm thick.  
         [0046]    Again, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, the sleeve barrel  217  is slipped around the peripheral of the spiral water transmitting tube. One end of the sleeve barrel is closed off and is at the top end of a disinfection tank  202 . Another end of the sleeve barrel is facing the opening  224  at the bottom of the disinfection tank  202 . Water flows out from the flood gate  221  of the spiral water transmitting tube  215  and downstream following the small black arrow direction  223 . The generates a return flow at the bottom of the disinfection tank  202  with an impact along the small black arrow direction  225 . The water flows back upstream following the gray arrow direction  227  along the exterior of the spiral transmitting tube  215  wrapping around the quartz tube  208  and through the gap in the pitch of the helix. Along the flow path, water is exposed to the UV light with a wavelength of about 254 nm generated by the mercury UV lamp  210  (FIGS. 5 and 6) that penetrates through the quartz tube  208  achieving sufficient UV disinfection. Meanwhile, the UV light reduces excessive ozone that is harmful to human health. Finally, water is guided to flow out from the disinfection tank  202  through the water outlet  206 , and is ready for drinking water. The sleeve barrel  217  can be made of plastic, Teflon, stainless steel or glass. The route of the design of the double-spiral water flow is more than 120 cm, which allows 4 times the irradiation time and greatly improves the disinfection effect.  
         [0047]    Another embodiment of the invention is that one end of the sleeve barrel  217  is closed off at the top end of the disinfection tank  202  while the other end is closed off at the bottom end of the disinfection tank  202 . Therefore, the disinfection tank  202  used as housing for the disinfection apparatus  200  can be replaced by the sleeve barrel  217  itself thereby eliminating the disinfection tank  202 .  
         [0048]    The aforementioned disinfection apparatus is a dual mode of ultraviolet-and-ozone disinfection apparatus but other applications have disinfection apparatus with only a single mode of an ultraviolet disinfection.  
         [0049]    Effect of the Invention  
         [0050]    1. The combination of ultraviolet-and-ozone disinfection functions as a dual mode disinfection apparatus. The water flow route is lengthened by means of a spiral design. The lengthening of the flow route means that the contact time of water flow under UV irradiation is extended. In addition, the ozone-dissolving rate is increased and thereby the disinfection effect is enhanced as a whole.  
         [0051]    2. After water flows through the spiral tube, the water flows back upstream to the water outlet from the pitch of the spiral tube as well as the surrounding inner layer of the sleeve barrel and the spiral tube. When the difference in diameter between the inside (quartz tube) and outside (sleeve barrel) is limited as in the design, the flow of water is restricted. Consequently, the attenuation in the UV irradiation intensity becomes insignificant and the disinfection is more effective.  
         [0052]    3. The spiral design of the tube causes the water to swirl and stir continuously inside the tube; therefore the ozone and water are well mixed.  
         [0053]    4. The system can be a see-through design using glass material for the sleeve barrel. User can clearly observe the internal process of water treatment thereby achieving objective of a see-through water treatment.  
         [0054]    5. The functions of ultraviolet-and-ozone disinfection effect can be separated. The ozone can disinfect while being transmitted in the transmitting tube. Water can be exposed to UV disinfection again when water flows back upstream in the water transmitting tube.  
         [0055]    It will become apparent to those people skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that all the modifications and variation fall within the scope of the following appended claims and their equivalents.