Abstract:
A cut stone having a crown (21) and a pavilion (23), the crown having peripherically four indents orientated face to face and forming a cross, the apparence of the crown of the stone forming a butterfly. The crown defines centrally a table in the shape of a reversed trapeze surrounded by facets defining two wings located toward the outside of the trapeze. The pavilion (23) comprises a number of facets distributed according to orientation angles combined to create a void of brilliance in the area of the indents. Under the table of the crown appears the reflection of the pavilion which uncovers two flapping wings located internally; the flapping wings added to the two wings at the exterior of the trapeze, give the appearance of a lepidopter.

Description:
SPECIFICATION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention is related to the field of stone cutting and of gemmology and particularly to the construction of a butterfly shape, and particularly with flapping wings. 
     2. Prior Art 
     Some patents have drawn our attention: 
     Des U.S. Pat. No. 340,669; Schachter; Oct. 26, 1993; shows a design of a precious stone. The general shape is octogonal. 
     Des. U.S. Pat. No. 324,003; Baranes; Feb. 18, 1992; shows a design for a gem. The general shape of the drown is trapezoidal: the long sides are angulated. The location of the angles of the body and of the crown do not permit the perceiving of a butterfly. If the top or bottom part were dug, one would alter the brilliance of the stone and one might not arrive at a butterfly. Furthermore the corners unveil positions of claws which are not diametrically opposed and which do not permit an equilibrated mounting. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 138,314 Bruhl, Apr. 29, 1873; utilizes an applique of precious stone superposed onto a base made of synthetic material. Multiple facets assure a brillance to the crown. No direction is given to the facets to create a special shape. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 2,447,407 Grain, Aug. 17, 1948; illustrate an internal opening to insert an intruder with some reflecting properties. There is an incision (20) in V having for goal to add to the reflection thanks to the sides of the incision; the method is not indicated to produce a precise shape like that of a butterfly, nor flapping wing shapes. 
     OBJECTIVES AND ADVANTAGES 
     There is a general objective of the invention to produce a stone almost alive in which one sees under examination flapping wings or other movement, without distorsion. A second objective is to provide a stone which has a trapezoidal crown, the sides having directional facets which allow the presence of a North-South reflectionless central location, so permitting the cutting of a location of separation between normal wings, as for a butterfly, without this separation causing a distorsion in the brilliancy, nor the appearance of an undesirable mark on the facets, which would depreciate the value and remove beauty from the stone. 
     A third objective is that the complete stone show itself as a butterfly. 
     A fourth objective is to let appear within the pavilion of the stone a simulation of the body of a butterfly and the normal separation and flapping of wings. 
    
    
     DRAWINGS 
     Presented herewith is an embodiment conform to the present invention, and with reference to the annexed drawing in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective of a gem with butterfly appearance. 
     FIG. 2 is an upper view of the gem of FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 3 is a bottom view like FIG. 2. 
     FIG. 4 is a front view, according to line 4--4 of FIG. 6. 
     FIG. 5 is a side view, according to line 5--5 of FIG. 6. 
     FIG. 6 is a view of FIG. 2, in transparency, through the table of the stone. 
     FIG. 7 is a to view of a trapezoidal stone, before cutting, two cuts appearing in a dotted line. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the following description and in the drawings which accompany it, the same chracterizing elements are identified by the same numbers. The preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 where one sees a cut stone 20 in perspective, with at the top a table 24 and around a facet line 102. 
     FIG. 2 shows an external butterfly 22 delimited by the top view of the cut stone. One sees the table 24 of trapezoidal shape and reversed; in a corner one facet of lower claw 38&#39;, under a facet of upper claw 40&#39;, a facet of inferior side 42&#39; under a facet of a superior side 44&#39;, a lower wing superior facet 52, a lower wing inferior facet 54, an inferior facet of top of wings 56, an upper wing superior facet 58, an upper wing separation cut 61, a wing side cut 64, a facet of first claw 49 and a facet of rest claw 51. One sees a left wing and a right wing 29 of the external butterfly. 
     FIG. 3 shows a bottom view of a superior claw 28, a second corner 30, a central corner 32, a median corner 33, a bottom corner 34, a superior pavilion corner 35, an inferior pavilion corner 37, an edge of upper support 39 and of lower support 41, and an edge of inferior claw 43. 
     FIG. 4 shows the wing side cut 64 in front view on the right, a corresponding wing side cut 64&#39; on the left and a lower wing separation cut 62, as well as a face view of the inferior pavilion corner 37, an edge of lower support 41 and an edge of inferior claw 43. One also sees cutting edge facets which number eight 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106--FIG. 5--, 107, 108--FIG. 3--. 
     FIG. 5 shows the wing side cut 64, a pavilion angle 66, a cutting edge facet 106 and a break facet 45. 
     FIG. 6 shows, on a close look, the table 24 through which one sees an internal butterfly 74 with a interior right wing 26 and a left interior wing 27, a pavilion simulation 76 in X shape which serves as wing separation and as body shape for the two external butterflies 22 and internal 74. 
     The reversed right wing in relation to FIG. 3 comprises the facets of the superior claw 28&#39;, the second corner 30&#39;, the central corner 32&#39;, the median corner 33&#39; and bottom the corner 34&#39; and similarly for the left wing. The wing side cut 64--FIG. 2--is included to define the upper wings and the lower wings of the butterfly. The upper wing separation cut 61 and the lower wing separation cut 62 are needed to define the two parts of the stone, the left side and the right side of the external butterfly 22 with the external left wing 31, the external right wing 29. The lower wing separation cut 62 is located inside the limits of a non-reflective bottom zone 69 delimited by a dotted line--FIG. 7--at a location 96*. 
     One sees two side stars 46,46&#39;, an upper star 47, a lower star 50. One also sees corner edge facets 107, corresponding to the position at the extremity of the facet of superior claw 28&#39; of FIG. 3 and 108 at the extremity of facet of edge of upper support 39, positionned respectively at the opposite of corner edge facets 105 and 104 of FIG. 4. 
     FIG. 7 shows a measuring index of the orientations of each of the facets, particuliarly those at the top. One uses an index of 96 locations, indicated 96*, around a circle of 360 degrees. At location 48* is found a upper wing separation cut 61 simulated by a dotted line and delimiting a non-reflection upper zone 68 and similarly at a location 96* where there will be a lower wing separation cut 62, references being: 
     48* location of a upper wing separation cut 61 and of 
     the upper wing superior facet 58 at +0° angle, 
     the inferior facet of wings top 56 at +9° angle, and 
     96* location of lower wing separation cut 62, and of 
     the lower wing inferior facet 54--FIG. 6--at +9° angle, 
     the lower wing superior facet 52 at +0° angle, 
     The positions of other elements are: 
     36* location of the facet of upper claw 40 to +7° angle, and of 
     the facet of lower claw 38, to the right, at +15° angle 
     60* location of facet of upper claw 40&#39;, at the left at a +7° angle 
     and of the facet of lower claw 38&#39;, at the left at a +15° angle 
     12* location of facet of first claw 49, at the right at +1° angle 
     and the facet of rest claw 51 at +9° angle; 
     84* location of facet of first claw 49&#39;, at the left, +1° angle 
     and of the facet of rest claw 51&#39; at +9° angle; 
     19* location of facet of inferior side 42, at the right at +5° angle 
     77* location of superior side facet 44&#39;, at +5° angle. 
     Four (4) facets of girdle 50, 46, 47, 46&#39; are at locations 96*, 19*, 48*, 77* at a 26° angle. 
     METHOD OF EXAMINATION OF A STONE 
     A stone is regarded in two optical ways: in the inside (FIG. 6) and on the outside (FIG. 2). The position of the top facets and of the bottom facets are above the other between the top and the bottom, are responsible for seeing a butterfly, at the top, on the outside and one in the inside of the stone. 
     The internal butterfly of the stone moves the wings if one oscillates the stone; the wing movement is caused by the reflexion of the light coming from the facets in various locations and angles of the pavilion (23) and of the crown (21). This phenomenon that I have witnessed may be verified by gemmologists or by a user who oscillates the stone. The preferred position of the location of the facets of the two butterflies, one in the outside and the other on the inside of the stone as well as the position of the angles of the facets, as described in FIG. 7, enable to keep the brilliance of the stone to its maximum while seeing one or two butterflies. A dark or opaque stone lets see only the external butterfly. The same butterfly-gem may be fabricated with locations and angles close to a preferred position by ±20%. 
     The position and angle of the facets, the number and the shape of the facets can change without distorting the butterflies, either because of an index of refraction typical to a particular kind of stone, either because of proportions, or by design or other reason. For example quartz has an index of refraction of 1.544 to 1.522 and topaz of 1.619 to 1.627. Then the critical angle of topaz will be of 42° for the pavilion and of 41° for the crown. For quartz it will be 43° for the pavilion and 42° for the crown. The degrees described for the butterfly gem--FIG. 7--will be added to the critical angle of the stone. 
     Facets position in butterfly position enables a reflexion of the light in opposite positions, which means the butterflies facets seen on the inside and on the outside, to the right and to the left, reflect the light everywhere, without affecting the stone brilliance. The two internal wings added to the visible external wings, give the apparence of a lepidopter. 
     While using materials (stone or other), this cut stone enables a maximum brilliance, which only facet stones are capable of giving: taking the interior light and the exterior of those stones, and making obvious the flare of the stone, while representing butterflies, without being sculpted stones, because the sculptured stones enhance the external color only. 
     As a gemmologic reference, an analysis of the girdle has demonstrated that the equilibrium of the girdle of the stone is excellent and very representative of a butterfly; the ratio length/width is of 1.38 and the shape is very attractive; the analysis of the brilliance shows a window of 5%, an extinction of 10% and a return of light of 85%; the analysis of the profile has demonstrated that the equilibrium of the profile of the stone is excellent in the two directions. The total depth is of 62%, the ratio crown/pavilion is 1:3, the convexity of the pavilion is null, the dimension of the table is of 60% and the girdle presents an ideal thickness, that is at least 1 mm for a 15 carat stone approximatively. The disposition of the facets and their symetry are excellent. At first sight, one is seduced by the vivacity and the brilliance observed. With some imagination, one may at times see the flapping of the wings of the butterfly, when one moves the stone and observes the facets of the pavilion. 
     For general use, the butterfly gem adapts itself to the production of calibrated stones of small and medium sizes. The choice of a gamut of color stones (amethyst, citrine, tourmaline, garnet, topaz and diamond . . . ) is indicated. The butterfly-gem is calibrated stones can serve for producing necklaces, pendentives, bracelets, brooches, etc. and add to the beauty, especially if one considers the originality of the design. The butterfly gem can be cut in an exclusive manner or not. More, the butterfly gem thus realized enables the stones to be free from setting problems. The position of the wings top permits the location of the claws on a butterfly gem, claws which are opposed one to the other, for more solidity, to permit an equilibrium of forces when the stone is mounted and avoid breakage by pressure of the claws against the stone. 
     The position of the top of the wings facets enables the location of the claws, and better the final shape of the butterfly while giving more amplitude and beauty to the butterfly, contrary to conventional geometrical shapes, where claws deform the stones. 
     The position and the angle of facets form a natural window at the center of the separation of wings of the top and bottom of the butterfly: the dug out thus formed does not diminish brilliance, by cutting down the reflection of light, so this stone will keep all its value and its beauty. The two diggings more or less deep of the separation of side wings of the butterfly are in a precise spot which does not affect the brilliance thanks to locations 19* and 77* of facets 42, 42&#39; of the crown which reflect directly on facets 45 et 45&#39; located on the opposite site of the pavilion. 
     In the preferred embodiment, the dimensions of the table permits enjoying the brilliance of the internal butterfly and to maintain the shape of a butterfly; preferably the trapeze will be of maximal width equal to 1.65 times the height. The angle of the sides of the trapeze correspond to the location 19* namely 19/96 of 360°. The surface of the trapeze of the table represents about 60% of the total surface of the stone, as seen from above. 
     The precise position of facets of the butterfly is such that when one regards the butterfly centrally, the two wings shine at the same time and the two triangles of the body of the butterfly reflect differently to thus form the body of the butterfly. The diagram position and degrees can be flexible up to 20% and keep nevertheless the same appearance of a butterfly. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The preferred diagram for the butterfly gem is the one described and represents a butterfly on the inside, or one on the outside, or both. But one can use other similar diagrams or equivalents in terms of results, depending on which tool, which stone, or other ways to made the butterfly gem. 
     To position the facets one uses a circle of reference--FIG. 7--on an index of 360°; divisible, for example, into 96 locations designated by * in which the two positions of the top and the bottom will be of 48* and of 96*. So if one looks at FIG. 3, one may position thus the successive facets of the right side, once reversed, as for FIG. 7, according to the table which follows, while identifying the number of the facet, followed by the location on the index and by the angle inscribed on the table and which adds to the critical angle of the stone, ex.: for quartz 43°. 
     
         ______________________________________Facet No. Location       Angle______________________________________24        96             45° with adaptator28        60             +0°28&#39;       36             +0°30        72             -0, 5°30&#39;       24             -0, 5°32        74             +0°32&#39;       22             +0°33        80             +0, 5°33&#39;       16             +0, 5°34        84             +0°34&#39;       12             +0°35        48             +5°37        96             +5°38        36             +15°38&#39;       60             +15°39        48             +26°40        36             +7°40&#39;       60             +7°41        96             +26°42        19             +5°42&#39;       77             +5°43        84             +16°43&#39;       12             +16°44        19             +0°44&#39;       77             +0°45        77             +19°45&#39;       19             +19°46        19             +26°46&#39;       77             +26°47        48             +26°49        12             +1°49&#39;       84             +1°50        96             +26°51        12             +9°51&#39;       84             +9°52        96             +0°54        96             +9°56        48             +9°58        48             +0°101       77             90°102       19             90°103       84             90°104       12             90°105       48             90°106       36             90°107       60             90°108       96             90°______________________________________ 
    
     The facets of the butterfly gem may be increased in number or diminished, and the shape of the facets can change, while conserving the general shape of the butterfly. It is understood that when the term butterfly is used, it may represent any shape corresponding to the general shape of a butterfly. 
     It is understood that the mode of embodiment of the present invention which has been described herewith in reference to the annexed drawing, has been given as an indication and is non limitative and that modifications and adaptations may be brought about without departing from the object of the present invention. Other embodiments are possible and limited only by the scope of the following claims: 
     PARTS LIST 
     20. Cut stone 
     21. Crown 
     22. external butterfly 
     23. Pavilion 
     24. table 
     25. girdle 
     26. interior right wing 
     27. interior left wing 
     28. superior claw edge 
     29. right wing 
     30. second corner 
     32. central corner 
     33. median corner 
     34. bottom corner 
     35. superior pavilion corner 
     37. inferior pavilion corner 
     38. facet of lower claw 
     39. edge of upper support 
     40. facet of upper claw 
     41. edge of lower support 
     42. facet of inferior side 
     43. edge of inferior claw 
     44. facet of superior side 
     45. break facet 
     46. side star 
     47. upper star 
     49. facet of first claw 
     50. lower star 
     51. facet of rest claw 
     52. lower wing superior facet 
     54. lower wing inferior facet 
     56. upper wing inferior facet 
     58. upper wing superior facet 
     61. upper wing separation cut 
     62. lower wing separation cut 
     64. wing side cut 
     66. pavilion angle 
     68. non reflection upper zone 
     69. non reflective bottom zone 
     74. internal butterfly 
     76. pavilion simulation 
     101, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 facets of girdle