Abstract:
A light source particularly suited for a display in a dispensing machine. The light source includes an array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) with a multi-directional, multi-functional reflector disposed about the PCB. The reflector reflects the LED light in multi-directions and serves to provide a more uniform light intensity throughout the illuminated surface. The reflector also encloses the total light radiation to a predefined surface area.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
         [0001]    The present invention broadly relates to the field of lighting sources for dispensing machines, particularly gaming machines and specifically to the use of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Arrays as light sources for such machines.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Dispensing machines need a variety of light sources, including optical sensing to discriminate the currency bills being fed into the dispensing machine, indicating the status of whether a particular product is available, displaying instructions for operating the dispensing machine, including how a currency bill should be inserted, or displaying an advertisement of the product or trade name.  
           [0003]    Although incandescent light bulbs are currently popular light sources for dispensing machines, there are some inherent shortcomings in their application. Thus, there is a need to find a different light source for dispensing machines. For example, the incandescent bulb&#39;s life expectancy is quite short in comparison to that of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) which can be expected to last approximately five to ten times longer. Therefore, there would be a reduction in replacement labor costs if LEDs were used as the light sources.  
           [0004]    LEDs are much more efficient at converting electrical power into usable light. This is because LEDs are monochromatic; they emit light within a very narrow set of wavelengths rather than waste power emitting light over a wide frequency spectrum. This characteristic makes an LED light source an energy saving device which saves money in electric bills. In gaming casinos where there are thousands of dispensing machines such as gaming machines and money changing machines, the total energy savings can be significant.  
           [0005]    The power conversion inefficiency of incandescent lights contributes to the problem of heat damage to surrounding components and the housing structure of the light. Since a relatively large quantity of input power into the incandescent light is not converted into usable light, the unusued power dissipates as heat to the light&#39;s surroundings. In its application to dispensing machines where the light source is usually enclosed, heat damage to surrounding components, such as melted plastic parts, dried-up electrical wires, etc., or to the housing structure is more probable. LEDs, with their much lower power requirements and their more efficient power conversion eliminates some heat damage by its reduction in heat emittance.  
           [0006]    Also, unlike the incandescent bulb which typically uses a metal filament placed inside a glass bulb, the LED is constructed out of semiconductor materials which are extremely rugged. Dispensing machines are frequently subject to abuse by its users. In particular, it is not uncommon for a user to hit a dispensing machine because the wrong change or the wrong product was delivered. And, an angry gambler&#39;s fist may delivere blows to a gaming machine, causing the metal filament or the glass bulb of an incandescent light to break. In dispensing machines with large quantities of cash, vandalism acts such as trying to kick open the machine are likely to cause the incandescent light to break. There are several more advantages to using LEDs as the light sources of dispensing machines. Only a few are mentioned above.  
           [0007]    The above-mentioned shortcomings are overcome by the present invention as discussed hereafter.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    The present invention is directed to an array of LEDs mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) with a multi-directional, multi-functional reflector disposed on the PCB. The reflector reflects the light into multi-directions and also encloses the total light radiation to a predefined surface area. In one embodiment, the reflector is sandwiched between the LEDs and the PCB.  
           [0009]    The LEDs are mounted on a PCB. In one embodiment, voltage regulators and resistors are also mounted on the PCB to convert the voltage and current intended for use with an incandescent light into a form suitable for the LEDs. The PCB is etched with electrically conductive material on at least one surface, electrically integrating the LEDs with the voltage regulators and resistors mounted on the PCB. In other embodiments, the electronic components may also include (but is not limited to) voltage surge protectors, capacitors and transistors. The type and quantity of the electronic components necessary for a particular LED array is determined by the desired electrical characteristics of that LED array. The type and quantity of the electronic components shown in the figures are for illustration purposes only and are not indicative of the only type and/or quantity of the electronic components associated with the different embodiments presented in the present application or of other embodiments of the present invention that can be fabricated and be within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.  
           [0010]    The present invention also includes a multi-directional, multi-functional reflector. The reflector is made from a single piece of lightweight material and comprises a flat main section and a plurality of flap sections surrounding the main section. In one embodiment, the flap sections are bent at 90 degree angles from the main section. Other angular relationships are also possible depending on structural surroundings. The main section also includes cut-outs where the LEDs are inserted through. The main section and each of the flap sections reflect light from a particular LED in different directions, depending on the geometrical relationship of that particular LED and each of the reflector sections. The specific reflection pattern is well known to persons skilled in the art for a given angular relationship between the LED and a reflector section. Additionally, the flap sections serve to confine the illumination from the LEDs to a predefined area or surface.  
           [0011]    The reflector also serves to provide a more uniform light intensity throughout the illuminated surface. Without the reflector, each LED correspondingly lights up a discrete spot on the illuminated surface. Thus, the luminance projected by the discrete number of LEDs will not appear to be uniform to the viewer, and there will be an overall “spotty” appearance with portions of the surface having a higher light intensity than other portions.  
           [0012]    The reflector of the present invention can also be used with incandescent bulbs. Incandescent bulbs have even a greater problem of “spotty” appearances. The power conversion inefficiency of incandescent bulbs causes the illumination pattern of an incandescent bulb to be very bright in the center and dramatically less bright in the surrounding areas. The reflector of the present invention can help temper the dramatic change in brightness between the center and the surrounding areas.  
           [0013]    Accordingly, one of the objects of the invention is to provide a light source with uniform light intensity throughout the display surface.  
           [0014]    It is the further object of the invention to provide a light source that reduces power consumption.  
           [0015]    Another object of the invention is to provide a light source that reduces heat emittance.  
           [0016]    Another object of the invention is to provide a light source that is rugged.  
           [0017]    Another object of the invention is to provide a light source with long life expectancy.  
           [0018]    Other and further objects and advantages of the present invention will be further understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art by reference to the following specification, claims and drawings.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0019]    [0019]FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B are perspective views showing two typical dispensing machines, a gaming machine and a vending machine, that require various illuminating light sources such as provided by the present invention.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B are perspective front and rear views, respectively showing the currency receiving sections of the dispensing machines shown in FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 3 is a perspective view from the inside of a dispensing machine looking out.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 4 is an exploded view of an array of LEDs and electronic components mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) and a multi-directional, multi-functional reflector of this invention disposed on the PCB.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 5 is a plan view of a multi-directional, multi-functional reflector.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIGS. 6A &amp; 6B are perspective and elevation views, respectively, showing the angular relationship between the main section and the flap sections of the reflector.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIGS. 7A, 7B and  7 C are plan views similar to FIG. 5 showing alternate embodiments of the multi-directional, multi-functional reflector.  
         [0026]    Similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the drawings.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0027]    [0027]FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B show two typical dispensing machines, a vending machine  10   a  and a gaming machine  10   b . In FIGS. 1A &amp; 1B, lighting sources are needed to illuminate the advertisement displays  11 , indicator displays  12 , currency receiving sections  15 , and instructional/status displays  17 . The present invention is a particularly desirable light source for the aforementioned applications.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIGS. 2A &amp; 2B show the currency receiving section  15  of the dispensing machines  10   a  &amp;  10   b . The currency receiving section  15  comprises a bill insertion opening  16  and an instructional/status display  17 . A dispensing machine typically utilizes optical, magnetic or other sensors to obtain measurements from the inserted currency to determine authenticity and denomination. Stray light from a light source for the nearby instructional/status display  17  may cause measurement errors for the currency sensors. In particular, an optical sensor may be especially sensitive to other light sources. In FIG. 2B, the backside of the currency receiving section  15  is shown with the instructional/status display opening  18  formed with a border  19 . The border  19  marks the boundaries of the display opening  18  and provides structural support for mounting a light source  30  described below. FIG. 3 is a perspective view from the inside of a dispensing machine looking out. Again, each display opening  18  is provided with a border  19  that provides structural support for the light source.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the light source  30  of this invention having an array of LEDs  31  and electronic components mounted on a PCB  40  and a multi-directional, multi-functional reflector  50  sandwiched between the LEDs  31  and the PCB  40 . In one embodiment, voltage regulators  45  and resistors  46  are also mounted on the PCB to convert the voltage and current intended for use with an incandescent light into a form suitable for the LEDs  31 . The PCB  40  is etched with electrically conductive material  43  on at least one surface  41 , electrically integrating the LEDs  31  with the voltage regulators  45  and resistors  46  mounted on the PCB  40 . In other embodiments, the electronic components may also include (but is not limited to) voltage surge protectors  47 , capacitors  48  and transistors  49 . The type and quantity of the electronic components necessary for a particular LED array is determined by the desired electrical and/or lighting characteristics of a particular light source and LED array.  
         [0030]    The reflector  50  is made from a single piece of lightweight material, such as paper, opaque plastic or the like, and comprises a flat main section  51  and a plurality of flap sections  52  surrounding the main section  51 , as also shown in FIGS. 5, 6A and  6 B. In one embodiment, the main section  51  comprises cutouts  53 . The LEDs  31  are inserted through the cutouts  53  to sandwich the reflector between the LEDs  31  and the PCB  40 . The shapes of the cutouts  53  may vary to correspond with the shapes of the LEDs  31 . Although the drawings show three cutouts  53  on reflector  50 , the number of cutouts  53  depends on the number of LEDs  31  in the array. In the alternative, slits (not shown) may be provided in the reflector  50  to allow the reflector  50  to be slid onto the PCB  40  under the LEDs  31  from the side, rather than providing full sized cutouts  53 .  
         [0031]    As shown in FIG. 4, the LEDs  31  may sit in a perpendicular position to the main section  51  or may be bent at an angle β. In a preferred embodiment using three LEDs  31 , the center LED sits perpendicular to the main section  51  while the two peripheral LEDs sit approximately parallel to the main section  51 .  
         [0032]    As shown in FIGS. 6A &amp; 6B, a flap section  52  is bent at an angle α as measured between the plane of the main section and the plane of the flap section. Each flap section  52  may be bent at a different angle α than the other flap sections of the reflector  50 . In one embodiment, all the flap sections  52  are bent 90 degrees from the main section  51 . The flap sections may be preformed to the desired bend angle and inserted into the display opening  18  where the border  19  supports the light source  30 , or the junction of the main section  51  and each flap section  52  may be creased and the flat sections  52  caused to bend to the desired angle by engagement with the surrounding border  19  during installation. Such installation may also cause some degree of bending and curving of the main section  51  and the flap sections  52 .  
         [0033]    The main section  51  and each of the flap sections  52  reflect light from a particular LED  31  in different directions, depending on the geometrical relationship of that particular LED  31  with that particular reflector section. The reflector  50 , with its multiple sections  51  &amp;  52 , serves to provide a more uniform light intensity throughout the area occupied by the reflector behind each illuminated display surface  11 ,  12  &amp;  17 . This is because some of the light rays are reflected by more than one section of the reflector, causing a diffusion of the light intensity. Thus, the luminance of the entire LED array appears more uniform to the viewer and eliminates the “spotty” appearance of higher light intensity on one area and lower light intensity on another area usually found with incandescent light sources. Additionally, since the flap sections  52  also act as boundaries to the light path, the flap sections also confine the luminance from the LED array to the display surface  11 ,  12  &amp;  17 .  
         [0034]    The main section  51  of the reflector  50  need not be confined to a rectangular shape as shown in the drawings. In other embodiments, the main section could have a square shape, a circular shape, a trapezoidal shape or some odd shape. The criteria for determining the shape of the main section  51  is the shape of the display surface  11 ,  12  &amp;  17 .  
         [0035]    [0035]FIGS. 7A, 7B and  7 C show other embodiments of the reflector  50  with varying flap sections  52 .  
         [0036]    Other aspects and objects of the invention will be apparent from the appended Figures and claims.  
         [0037]    It is understood that other embodiments of the present invention can be fabricated and be within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.