Abstract:
A method and system of cleaning to remove cutting dust and the like generated and adhering to a board material ( 1 a) during drilling for electrical connection, and drying the board material, in a process of manufacturing a circuit board for small electronic equipment and the like. A large amount of board materials can be treated without receiving thermal damage by performing the steps of: placing sheets of the board material that have absorbed moisture resulting from cleaning, like a stack in a vacuum chamber ( 11 ); and drying the board material by repeating evacuation and pressurization under predetermined conditions while heating the board material.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a method and system of drying materials and a method of manufacturing circuit boards using the same.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    With recent downsizing and high density of electronic equipment, a double-sided or multi-layered circuit board is employed more frequently than a conventional single-sided board, as a circuit board on which electronic components are mounted, and a high density circuit board allowing a larger number of circuits to be integrated in a circuit board is developed.  
           [0003]    For the high density circuit board, instead of drilling of holes (through holes) in the board, which is conventionally operated, employment of laser machining capable of faster and more fine machining is developed (Y. Yamanaka et al. “Excimer Laser Processing In The Microelectronics Fields”, for example). Also proposed is a circuit board in which layers are connected using fine holes made by laser and such connection means as conductive paste (shown in Japanese Patent Application Non-examined Publication No. H06-268345, for example).  
           [0004]    In the technique of making fine holes and connecting layers using conductive paste, a few foreign substances may cause contact failure.  
           [0005]    In this technique, the substrate material is drilled together with a film bonded thereto and the film is used as a mask for filling the conductive paste into the fine holes. Therefore, all the substrate material including the film must be kept clean.  
           [0006]    However, both drilling and laser machining produce a large amount of dust and debris from the cutting process, and this dust and debris may adhere to the board material and close the holes for electrical connection. In addition, it is also possible that a little dust in air may close the fine holes. To solve this problem, the board material is cleaned before the conductive paste is filled in the holes. However, because complete cleaning of the holes by a dry cleaning method is very difficult, such new wet cleaning methods as ultrasonic cleaning are employed. These methods require drying after cleaning, in order to remove the moisture absorbed from the periphery of the machined holes or the outer ends of the board material.  
           [0007]    As shown in FIG. 4( a ), mask films  2   a  and  2   b  are bonded to substrate material  1 . Provided at an end of substrate material  1  are peel off leading parts  3   a  and  3   b  for stripping mask films  2   a  and  2   b  after the conductive paste is filled. The leading parts  3   a  and  3   b  are made by stripping a part of each of mask films  2   a  and  2   b.    
           [0008]    Because of such a structure, when sheets of substrate material  1  are stacked one on top of another and dried by heating using a conventional hot air convection method as shown in FIG. 4( b ), B-stage epoxy resin in the board material melts and stripping leading parts  43   a  and  43   b  and substrate material  1  melt together again, as shown in FIG. 4( c ). Therefore, it is difficult to treat and sufficiently dry a large number of sheets at a time.  
           [0009]    A small number of sheets could be treated with a vacuum dryer. However, it takes long time to dry a large number of sheets because sufficient latent heat cannot be given to the material under vacuum and thus energy sufficient to remove the moisture cannot be added.  
           [0010]    In improving reliability of connection in circuit boards, wet cleaning is more effective than dry cleaning. However, insufficient drying after cleaning would significantly affect the reliability of connection and insulation.  
           [0011]    For this reason, moisture must be removed completely. However, the conventional method is not efficient and may possess problems e.g. causing more damage to the board material.  
           [0012]    The present invention is directed to realize a board material having high-quality fine holes and to provide a method and a system of manufacturing highly reliable circuit boards at low cost.  
         DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION  
         [0013]    In order to address the above-mentioned problems, a method of manufacturing circuit boards in accordance with the present invention includes a bonding step of bonding a film-like material to at least one side of a board material to form a substrate material having a film(s). The method of manufacturing circuit boards also includes: a hole-forming step of drilling a through or a blind hole in the board material made of a plurality of materials; and a step of forming a connection means in the through or blind hole for mutually connecting circuits formed on or in the circuit board. The hole-forming step includes: a step of irradiating the board material with laser to form a through or blind hole shape; and a step of cleaning to remove foreign substances that have attached to the surface of the board material and the inner wall of the through or blind hole in the previous step. The method can provide a clean and highly reliable board material by efficiently drying the moisture absorbed by the board material, without damaging the board material, after the removal of water drops that have adhered to the surface of the board material in a cleaning process.  
           [0014]    Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, high-quality drilling can be achieved without losing high speed of the laser machining, and a highly reliable circuit board can be provided at low cost.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0015]    FIGS.  1 ( a )- 1 ( h ) are cross sectional views showing a process of a method of manufacturing a circuit board in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit board manufacturing system in accordance with the embodiment.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 3 is a graph showing a profile of pressures in a vacuum chamber for use with a material drying method in accordance with the present invention.  
         [0018]    FIGS.  4 ( a )- 4 ( c ) are cross sectional views showing a process of a conventional method of manufacturing a circuit board. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0019]    An exemplary embodiment of the present invention is hereinafter described with reference to FIGS.  1  to  3 .  
         [0020]    FIGS.  1 ( a ) to  1 ( h ) show cross sectional views of a process of a method of manufacturing a multi-layered circuit board in accordance with the present embodiment.  
         [0021]    In FIGS.  1 ( a )- 1 ( h ), reference numeral  1  shows a substrate material that is a square plate of 250 mm on each side and approx. 150 μm thick, as an insulating substrate. Used as the substrate material is a resin impregnated substrate made of a composite material in which an non-woven fabric made of an aromatic polyamide fiber (hereinafter referred to as “aramid fiber”) is impregnated with a thermosetting epoxy resin (hereinafter referred to as “epoxy resin”), for example. The epoxy resin in accordance with the present embodiment is a so-called “B stage” epoxy resin that contains an uncured portion.  
         [0022]    Reference numerals  2   a  and  2   b  show strippable resin films for masking films, each of which is approx. 20 μm thick. On their surfaces that are to adhere to substrate material  1 , thermosetting epoxy resin layers (not shown) of approx. 1 μm thick each are applied. Polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter referred to as “PET sheet”) is used as the strippable resin film, for example. Board material  1   a  is made by bonding PET sheets  2   a  and  2   b  to substrate material  1 .  
         [0023]    At one end of board material  1   a,  peel off leading parts  3   a  and  3   b  are previously provided between substrate material  1  and PET sheets  2   a  and  2   b  so as to peel off PET sheets  2   a  and  2   b  afterwards. The peel off leading parts  3   a  and  3   b  are made by stripping off a part of each PET sheet from substrate material  1 .  
         [0024]    Next, as shown in FIG. 1( b ), substrate  1   a  is irradiated with laser light  4  to form through hole  5 . At this time, part of the thermosetting epoxy resin and aramid fiber in board material  1   a  is sublimed by heat, and scatters to its surroundings. However, the thermosetting epoxy resin and aramid fiber that have not been sublimed remain on the wall surface of the hole, as hard and brittle altered portions  6 .  
         [0025]    Because the aramid fiber is more heat-resistant than the thermosetting epoxy resin and thus has a lower laser-machining rate, the aramid fiber is likely to remain without subliming. Therefore, the inner wall of the hole has rough surfaces as shown in the drawing.  
         [0026]    On the other hand, part of the thermosetting epoxy resin or aramid fiber that has scattered to its surroundings adheres to the surface of board material  1   a  or the inside of through hole  5  as cutting dust  7 .  
         [0027]    Next, as shown in FIG. 1( c ), board material  1   a  is placed near ultrasonic vibrator  9  and vibrated in, for example, water in the ultrasonic cleaning vessel  8 . The acoustic energy radiated from ultrasonic vibrator  9  vibrates board material  1   a  and altered parts  6  and cutting dusts  7  fall out or are peeled off from board material  1   a.  As a result, board material  1   b  having a proper hole shape as shown in FIG. 1( d ) is obtained. Additionally, water drops adhering to the surface of board material  1   b  are removed by blowing air therethrough or the like.  
         [0028]    However, at the end of the air blowing process, in through hole  5  and peel off leading parts  3   a  and  3   b  of board material  1   b,  some moisture absorbed therein may still remain.  
         [0029]    Next, as shown in FIG. 1( e ), two sets 10 of 180 sheets of board material  1   b  stacked are prepared and placed in vacuum chamber  11 , and board material  1   b  is dried.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a dryer in accordance with the present invention. Pre-heater  31  are provided around vacuum chamber  11 , and a vacuum system comprising a vacuum pump  32 , and foreign substance removing filter  35  for protecting vacuum pump  32  is connected to the chamber.  
         [0031]    In addition, the dryer has hot air supplier  33  comprising hot air generator  34 , foreign substance removing filter  35 , and air dryer  36  for pressurizing the chamber.  
         [0032]    In one variation, control system  60 , which is a programmable microcontroller based system, can be utilized to automatically control the operation of the pre-heater  31 , the vacuum pump  32  and the hot air supplier  33 .  
         [0033]    Board material  1   b  placed in vacuum chamber  11  is evacuated and dried while being heated by radiation heat radiated from pre-heater  31 .  
         [0034]    In one variation, instead of using pre-heater  31 , microwaves can be used for drying.  
         [0035]    Next, an exemplary operation system of vacuum drying is described using FIG. 3.  
         [0036]    (1) After placement of the board material, the vacuum pump is actuated to evacuate the chamber to a pressure of approx. 100 Pa.  
         [0037]    (2) Next, the evacuation operation is stopped.  
         [0038]    (3) Hot air supplier  33  supplies dry air at a temperature of approx. 60° C. that has been filtered through an air cleaner to vacuum chamber  11  and the chamber is pressurized to atmospheric pressure.  
         [0039]    (4) After pressurizing, dry air is continuously supplied, and air in vacuum chamber  11  is circulated. Simultaneously evacuation using vacuum pump  32  makes air circulation efficient.  
         [0040]    (5) Dry air is circulated for approx. one minute after the pressurization. Then the supply of dry air is stopped and the chamber is evacuated to a pressure of approx. 70 Pa.  
         [0041]    (6) The above-described steps ( 2 ), ( 3 ), and ( 4 ) are repeated.  
         [0042]    (7) After dry air is circulated for one minute after the pressurization, dry air supply is stopped and the chamber is evacuated to a pressure of approx. 40 Pa.  
         [0043]    (8) Next, the evacuation operation is stopped.  
         [0044]    (9) After hot air supplier  33  supplies dry air at a temperature of approx. 60° C. that has been filtered through the air cleaner to vacuum chamber  11  and the chamber is pressurized to atmospheric pressure, board material  1   b  is taken out of vacuum chamber  11 .  
         [0045]    It is noted that further repetition of these steps will enhance the degree of vacuum and dryness of the board material. To obtain a required dryness, the number of repetitions, ultimate pressure, temperature of dry air can be optimized according to the material.  
         [0046]    An example of optimized conditions and the corresponding results are shown below:  
         [0047]    First evacuation: degree of vacuum: 500 Pa→After reaching the ultimate pressure, dry air is introduced and the chamber is pressurized (at atmospheric pressure kept for one minute).  
         [0048]    Second evacuation: degree of vacuum: 300 Pa→After reaching the ultimate pressure, dry air is introduced and the chamber is pressurized (at an atmospheric pressure kept for one minute).  
         [0049]    Third evacuation: degree of vacuum: 150 Pa→After reaching the ultimate pressure, dry air is introduced and the chamber is pressurized (at an atmospheric pressure kept for one minute).  
         [0050]    Fourth evacuation: degree of vacuum: 150 Pa→After reaching the ultimate pressure, dry air is introduced and the chamber is pressurized (at an atmospheric pressure kept for one minute).  
         [0051]    The above four evacuating and pressurizing processes are then continually repeated until eighteen evacuations have been performed.  
         [0052]    Then, the nineteenth evacuation: degree of vacuum: 150 Pa→After reaching the ultimate pressure, dry air is introduced and the chamber is pressurized (at an atmospheric pressure kept for one minute).  
         [0053]    Twentieth evacuation: degree of vacuum: 150 Pa→After reaching the ultimate pressure, dry air is introduced and the chamber is pressurized (at an atmospheric pressure kept for one minute).→Completion  
         [0054]    In the above processes: temperature of dry air: 60° C.  
         [0055]    Total process time: approx. 40 minutes  
         [0056]    Results of Dryness:  
                                                                                       Change in substrate weight                Before       After drying in           cleaning   After cleaning   vacuum                        Upper   No.   38.33   38.64 (+0.31)   38.28 (−0.05)       part of   1       Pallet 1   No.   38.45   38.73 (+0.28)   38.39 (−0.06)           2       Middle   No.   38.46   38.75 (+0.29)   38.41 (−0.05)       part of   1       Pallet 1   No.   38.54   38.84 (+0.30)   38.48 (−0.06)           2       Lower   No.   38.26   38.49 (+0.23)   38.16 (−0.10)       part of   1       Pallet 1   No.   38.27   38.56 (+0.29)   38.17 (−0.10)           2       Upper   No.   38.37   38.66 (+0.29)   38.25 (−0.12)       part of   1       Pallet 2   No.   38.43   38.75 (+0.28)   38.35 (−0.08)           2       Middle   No.   38.17   38.52 (+0.35)   38.14 (−0.03)       part of   1       Pallet 2   No.   38.37   38.71 (+0.34)   38.29 (−0.08)           2       Lower   No.   38.01   38.31 (+0.30)   38.00 (−0.01)       part of   1       Pallet 2   No.   38.17   38.49 (+0.32)   38.14 (−0.03)           2                  
 
         [0057]    Measuring samples were placed in each of the upper, middle, and lower parts of the right and left pallets in the chamber and the weight of the materials before cleaning, after cleaning, and after drying was measured. The results show that the weight after drying under vacuum is less than that of before cleaning and moisture has sufficiently been removed.  
         [0058]    Next, as shown in FIG. 1( f ), conductive paste  14  is filled in through holes  5  using such means as printing. As through holes  5  have a proper shape, the inside of through holes  5  can completely be filled with conductive paste  14  without hindrance. After the filling, mask films made of PET sheets  2   a  and  2   b  are stripped off.  
         [0059]    Next, as shown in FIG. 1( g ), board material  1   b  is sandwiched by metal foils  15  and heated and pressed using a hot press (not shown). This operation completely cures board material  1   b  that has been in the pre-preg state and electrically connects metal foils  15  bonded to the both sides of board material  1   b  together via conductive paste  14 .  
         [0060]    Next, metallic foils  15  are patterned to a desired pattern and a double-sided circuit board that has circuit patterns  16  as shown in FIG. 1( h ) is obtained.  
         [0061]    The drying method in accordance with this embodiment can also be used for drying a double-sided circuit board that has been washed after the patterning.  
         [0062]    In this embodiment, a double-sided circuit board is described. However, it is noted that the method can be applied to a multi-layered circuit board by repeating the steps in accordance with the present invention a plurality of times.  
         [0063]    In the present invention, the case where conductive paste  14  is filled in through holes  5  in board material  1   b  is described. However, in the case where plated conductor is formed in through holes  5 , the same effect can be obtained.  
       Industrial Applicability  
       [0064]    As described above, a method and a system of manufacturing a circuit board in accordance with the present invention comprise the following steps. A step of irradiating a board material with laser to form a through or blind shaped holes. A step of obtaining a desired through or blind shaped holes by water cleaning and removing altered substances in the form of powder or blocks that have scattered from the board material and adhered during or after the laser irradiation step. The altered substances are formed on the surface of the board material and the inner wall of the through-holes or blind holes. Removing water drops that have attached to the surface of the board material in the cleaning step. Drying the board material by the gross to dry the moisture absorbed in the board material in the cleaning process, without causing thermal damage to the board material, by repeating evacuation and pressurization cycles while heating the board material. Thus, high-quality drilling can be achieved without losing quickness of laser machining, and highly reliable circuit boards can be obtained at low cost.