Abstract:
A method for regulating a call placement rate (CPR) of an autodialer (AD) ( 100 ) includes: measuring a time delay between a first event and a second event; and, adjusting the CPR of the AD ( 100 ) in response to the measured time delay.

Description:
FIELD  
       [0001]    The present inventive subject matter relates to the telecommunication arts. One particular application is found in conjunction with autodialers and/or predictive dialers, and the specification makes particular reference thereto. However, it is to be appreciated that aspects of the present inventive subject matter are also amenable to other like applications. 
       BACKGROUND  
       [0002]    In general, autodialers and predictive dialers are known in the art. Basically, an autodialer (AD) is an electronic device that automatically places telephone calls to selected telephone numbers over a telecommunications network, for example, such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN). A predictive dialer (PD) is essentially a particular type of AD that uses one or more predictive algorithms, e.g., to regulate various aspects of call placement or other behaviors of the PD. In other words, PDs are essentially a subset of ADs. Accordingly, when referring to ADs herein, it is to be understood that such references are intended to include PDs as well. 
         [0003]    With reference to  FIG. 1 , commonly an AD  10  is used by a call center (CC)  20  or other like facility to automatically place telephone calls to selected telephone numbers and/or targeted parties. In a typical example, a telemarketing company or other organization may use the CC  20  and/or AD  10  to automatically place a significant volume or number of marketing calls, survey calls or other similar telephone calls to the telephone numbers associated with a targeted demographic. Commonly, the CC  20  is served by an end office (EO)  30  or other telecommunications switching facility that provides the CC  20  access to the PSTN  40  or other telecommunications network over which the telephone calls are placed. As shown, the EO  30  is commonly equipped with a telecommunications switch  32 , e.g., a class 5 switch such as Lucent Technologies 5ESS or another similar telecommunications switch (be it a hardswitch, a softswitch or otherwise), and the AD  10  is operatively connected to the switch  32  in the usual manner as is known in the art. 
         [0004]    Commonly, the AD  10  places a plurality of calls simultaneously and/or in rapid succession to keep a calling campaign progressing as quickly as possible. Often, the CC  20  is provisioned with a plurality of workstations  22  that are operatively connected to the AD  10 . As shown, each workstation  22  is manned by a CC operator or agent  24 . Accordingly, e.g., when a call placed by the AD  10  is answered by or otherwise connected to the called party, then that call is also routed and/or connected to the workstation  22  of the next available agent  24  at the CC  20 . In this manner, the agent  24  receiving the call may communicate with and/or otherwise service the particular called party to which the call was placed. 
         [0005]    Often, the CC  20  is interested in connecting called parties to agents  24  as rapidly and/or efficiently as possible to maximize productivity and/or the use of agent time or manpower. Accordingly, there is generally the desire to have the AD  10  place calls as rapidly as its capabilities allow. However, if left unchecked, the rate or flow of placed calls from the AD  10  may at times overload the switch  32  and/or the EO  30  serving the CC  20 . That is to say, generally, the switch  32  and/or the EO  30  can only handle or support a limited or otherwise finite amount of call traffic at any given time, and in addition to serving the CC  20 , the EO  30  typically also serves other telephone service subscribers, e.g., having customer premises equipment (CPE) and/or other end user telecommunication devices that are operatively connected to the switch  32  in the usual manner as is known in the art. Accordingly, e.g., at peak calling hours, the switch  32  and/or EO  30  may already be handling or otherwise processing a significant volume or amount of call traffic, and if at this time the AD  10  at the CC  20  were to be left unchecked (i.e., allowed to place calls as rapidly its capabilities permitted), then the switch  32  and/or EO  30  could be overloaded or pushed to or near the limit of the volume of calls that it is capable of handling at any given time, thereby potentially diminishing the quality and/or availability of service to other subscribers and/or the CC  20  itself. While the present example illustrates the problem from the viewpoint of the originating EO  30  serving the CC  22 , likewise, the same or a similar problem may be experienced at a terminating EO or other network node, e.g., when a particular calling campaign targets telephone numbers that are served by the same terminating EO or targets called parties that are otherwise clustered together or served by the same or a limited number of network facilities. In any event, however, previously developed ADs have not been adequately equipped or provisioned to suitably adjust their call placement rate or flow to accommodate or alleviate call traffic congestion experienced in the originating EO, the terminating EO or nodes elsewhere in the network. 
         [0006]    Accordingly, a new and improved AD and/or autodialing method is disclosed that overcomes the above-referenced problems and others. 
       SUMMARY  
       [0007]    In accordance with one embodiment, a method for regulating a call placement rate of an autodialer includes: measuring a time delay between a first event and a second event; and, adjusting the call placement rate of the autodialer in response to the measured time delay. 
         [0008]    In accordance with another embodiment, an autodialer includes: delay measuring means for measuring a time delay between a first event and a second event; and, call rate adjusting means for adjusting a call placement rate of the autodialer in response to the time delay measured by the delay measuring means. 
         [0009]    In accordance with another embodiment, a method is provided for regulating a call placement rate of an autodialer operatively connected to an originating end office which is part of a telecommunications network. Suitably, the originating end office provides the autodialer access to the telecommunications network. The method includes: detecting a level of call congestion at a node of the telecommunications network; and, adjusting the call placement rate of the autodialer in response to the detected level of call congestion. 
         [0010]    Numerous advantages and benefits of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading and understanding the present specification. 
     
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0011]    The inventive subject matter may take form in various components and arrangements of components, and in various steps and arrangements of steps. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting. Further, it is to be appreciated that the drawings are not to scale. 
           [0012]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a conventional AD implemented in a public switch telephone network. 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary implementation of an AD suitable for practicing aspects of the present inventive subject matter. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0014]    For clarity and simplicity, the present specification shall refer to structural and/or functional elements, entities and/or facilities, relevant communication standards, protocols and/or services, and other components and features that are commonly known in the telecommunications art without further detailed explanation as to their configuration or operation except to the extent they have been modified or altered in accordance with and/or to accommodate the embodiment(s) presented herein. 
         [0015]    With reference to  FIG. 2 , an autodialer (AD)  100  is used by a call center (CC)  200  or other like facility to automatically place telephone calls to selected telephone numbers and/or targeted parties. For example, a telemarketing company or other organization optionally uses the CC  200  and/or AD  100  to automatically place a significant volume or number of marketing calls, survey calls or other similar telephone calls to the telephone numbers associated with a targeted demographic. Suitably, the CC  200  is served by an end office (EO)  300  or other telecommunications switching facility that provides the CC  200  access to a public switched telephone network (PSTN)  400  or other telecommunications network over which the telephone calls are placed. As shown, the EO  300  is equipped with a telecommunications switch  302 , e.g., a class  5  switch such as Lucent Technologies 5ESS or another similar telecommunications switch (be it a hardswitch, a softswitch or otherwise), and the AD  100  is operatively connected to the switch  302  in the usual manner as is known in the art. 
         [0016]    Optionally, the AD  100  places a plurality of calls simultaneously and/or in rapid succession to keep a calling campaign progressing as quickly as possible. Suitably, however, a dialing rate or call placement rate (CPR) of the AD  100  is controlled or regulated by a CPR regulator  110 . For example, the regulator  110  controls the CPR so as to place calls as rapidly as possible without overloading the originating EO  300  or its associated switch  302 . Optionally, the regulator  110  controls the CPR so as to place calls as rapidly as possible without overloading other network nodes and/or facilities, e.g., a terminating EO or switch or intermediate network facilities or nodes. 
         [0017]    Suitably, the CC  200  is provisioned with a plurality of workstations  202  that are operatively connected to the AD  100 . As shown, each workstation  202  is manned by a CC operator or agent  204 . Accordingly, e.g., for each call placed by the AD  100  or answered by or otherwise connected to a called party, the call is also routed and/or connected to the workstation  202  of the next available agent  204  at the CC  200 . In this manner, the agent  204  receiving the call may communicate with and/or otherwise service the particular called party to which the call was placed. However, if at the time the called party answers the call, there are no agents  204  which are currently available (i.e., they are all on other calls or otherwise indisposed), then the called party may experience a delay for some time until an agent  204  becomes available to handle the call. Optionally, the CPR regulator  110  controls the CPR of the AD  100  so as maximize the CPR while minimizing the number of occurrences and/or the duration of the aforementioned delay, nominally referred to herein as agent connection delay (ACD). 
         [0018]    Generally, the switch  302  and/or the EO  300  are equipped to handle or support a limited or otherwise finite amount of call traffic at any given time, and in addition to serving the CC  200 , the EO  30  also optionally serves other telephone service subscribers, e.g., having customer premises equipment (CPE) and/or other end user telecommunication devices that are operatively connected to the switch  32  in the usual manner. Accordingly, e.g., at peak calling hours, the switch  302  and/or EO  300  may already be handling or otherwise processing a significant volume or amount of call traffic, and if at this time the AD  100  at the CC  200  were to be left unchecked (i.e., allowed to place calls as rapidly as its capabilities permitted), then the switch  302  and/or EO  300  could be overloaded or pushed to or near the limit of the volume of calls that it is capable of handling at any given time, thereby potentially diminishing the quality and/or availability of service to other subscribers and/or the CC  20  itself. 
         [0019]    Suitably, the AD  100  is equipped or otherwise provisioned to detect such overload or near overload conditions at the originating EO  300  or switch  302 . Accordingly, when it is detected that the EO  300  or switch  302  is at or near the upper limit of its call handling capacity (i.e., at or near an overload), then the CPR of the AD  100  is optionally dropped, lessened or otherwise adjusted or regulated, e.g., by the regulator  110 , to alleviate the burden on the EO  300  and/or switch  302 . 
         [0020]    For example, as illustrated, the AD  100  is optionally equipped or provisioned with a delay detection module (DDM)  120  or other like function or element. Optionally, the DDM  120  measures and/or detects the delay between the time an initial call placement signal (i.e., off hook signal, line seizure signal or the like) is sent from the AD  100  to the EO  300  or switch  302  and the time at which a dial tone or the like is returned or otherwise received by the AD  100  from the EO  300  or switch  302 . Notably, this time delay (which shall be referred to for simplicity herein as a dial tone delay (DTD)) is indicative of the call load being handled by the EO  300  or switch  302 . That is to say, generally, the EO  300  and/or associated switch  302  are provisioned to complete the processing or handling of existing calls before initiating new ones. Accordingly, new calls commonly experience a DTD until resources in the EO  300  and/or switch  302  are freed up to be used for the new calls. For example, a longer DTD generally means that the EO  300  and/or the switch  302  are relatively more busy or closer to the upper limit of their call handling capacity, and a shorter DTD generally means that the EO  300  and/or switch  302  are relatively less busy or further from the upper limit of their call handling capacity. 
         [0021]    Suitably, in response to the DTD measured and/or detected by the DDM  120 , the CPR regulator  110  regulates and/or otherwise controls the CPR of the AD  100 . For example, when the DTD exceeds a set or adjustable or otherwise determined threshold, the CPR is reduced accordingly. Similarly, when the DTD is below a set or adjustable or otherwise determined threshold, the CPR is raised accordingly. Optionally, the CPR is, e.g., successively, reduced and/or increased as the case may be incrementally until the DTD satisfies the respective threshold. In one suitable embodiment, a single threshold may be used as a target value which represents what is deemed to be an optimal DTD for a particular application, or alternately, a pair of thresholds may be used to define a range of values which represent what is deemed to be an acceptable range of DTDs for a particular application. Optionally, the DTD is measure for each line used by the AD  100  or for each call placed by the AD  100 , or alternately, a representative sample is employed. Optionally, a mean, average or other weighted combination of measured or detected DTDs is compared against the respective threshold. 
         [0022]    In one suitable embodiment, the CPR is regulated by adjusting or otherwise altering a guard time (GT) used by the AD  100 . Generally, the guard time is the amount of time a line remains inactive (i.e., on hook) between uses. That is to say, for a given line used by the AD  100 , the GT is the time between an on hook or other like signal associated with the termination of a first call and an subsequent off hook, line seizure or other like signal that initiates a second call following the first call. Commonly, the GT is used to ensure that the EO  300  and/or switch  302  detect or otherwise recognize the sequence of signals as the termination of the first call and initiation of the second call rather than it merely being a hook flash. In any event, increasing the GT used by the AD  100  effectively reduces the CPR of the AD  100  and reducing the GT used by the AD  100  effectively increases the CPR of the AD  100 . 
         [0023]    For example, the AD  100  may under normal conditions be provisioned with a 200 millisecond (mS) GT. However, if the DTD measured and/or detected by the DDM  120  exceeds a given threshold value (e.g., 300 mS), then the CPR regulator  110  increases the GT used by the AD  100  by some set or otherwise determined amount (e.g., 5 mS). If after a given period (e.g., 1 second) with the AD  100  using this new GT (i.e., 205 mS), the threshold is still exceeded by the DTD, then the GT is again increased. This cycle optionally continues until the DTD reaches or falls below the threshold value. Likewise, so long as the DTD measured and/or detected by the DDM  120  remains beneath the threshold, then the CPR regulator  110  decreases the GT used by the AD  100  by some set or otherwise determined amount, and if after a given period with the AD  100  using the new GT, the threshold is still not exceeded, then the GT is again decreased. This cycle optionally continues until the threshold is reached by the DTD or the GT reaches its normal operational limit (i.e., 200 mS). Of course, it is to be appreciated that the particular values used above are merely examples, and that other values may be used as deemed appropriate for the specific circumstances surrounding a given application. 
         [0024]    While the foregoing addresses the problem of congestion at the originating EO  300  serving the CC  200 , the same or a similar problem may be experienced at a terminating EO or other network node, e.g., when a particular calling campaign targets telephone numbers that are served by the same terminating EO or targets called parties that are otherwise clustered together or served by the same or a limited number of network facilities. Accordingly, to address the issue at a terminating EO or switch or at intermediate network nodes or facilities, the AD  100  is optionally equipped or provisioned to detect congestion or overload or near overload conditions at terminating EOs and/or intermediate nodes or facilities within the PSTN  400 . Accordingly, when it is detected that the terminating EO or associated switch or other intermediate node or facility is at or near an upper limit of its call handling capacity (i.e., at or near an overload), then the CPR of the AD  100  is optionally dropped, lessened or otherwise adjusted or regulated, e.g., by the regulator  110 , to alleviate the burden or call congestion. 
         [0025]    In one suitable embodiment, the DDM  120  optionally also measures and/or detects post dial delay (PDD) and the CPR of the AD  100  is adjusted or regulated in response thereto. PDD is generally the delay between the time when the AD  100  dials the last digit or otherwise completes dialing for a call being placed thereby and the time when a ring back signal or the like is returned to or otherwise received by the AD  100 . Notably, the PDD is indicative of the congestion at the terminating EO or switch or other intermediate network node or facility. For example, a longer PDD generally means that the terminating EO and/or intermediate facilities are relatively more busy or closer to the upper limit of their call handling capacities, and a shorter PDD generally means that the terminating EO and/or intermediate facilities are relatively less busy or further from the upper limit of their call handling capacities. 
         [0026]    Suitably, in response to the PDD measured and/or detected by the DDM  120 , the CPR regulator  110  regulates and/or otherwise controls the CPR of the AD  100 . For example, when the PDD exceeds a set or adjustable or otherwise determined threshold, the CPR is reduced accordingly. Similarly, when the PDD is below a set or adjustable or otherwise determined threshold, the CPR is raised accordingly. Optionally, the CPR is, e.g., successively, reduced and/or increased as the case may be incrementally until the PDD satisfies the respective threshold. In one suitable embodiment, a single threshold may be used as a target value which represents what is deemed to be an optimal PDD for a particular application, or alternately, a pair of thresholds may be used to define a range of values which represent what is deemed to be an acceptable range of PDDs for a particular application. Optionally, the PDD is measure for each line used by the AD  100  or for each call placed by the AD  100 , or alternately, a representative sample is employed. Optionally, a mean, average or other weighted combination of measured or detected PDDs is compared against the respective threshold. 
         [0027]    Suitably, the CPR of the AD  100  is regulated by adjusting or otherwise altering the GT used by the AD  100  in response to the measured or detected PDD, e.g., in the same or a similar way as described above with reference to the DTD. Optionally, an algorithm or process used by the regulator  110  to control or adjust the CPR of the AD  100  is a function of or responsive to both the measured or otherwise detected DTD and PDD values, with the relative influences of each being set, selected or otherwise determined to achieve a desired result or balance for the particular application at hand. 
         [0028]    In yet another suitable embodiment, the CPR of the AD  100  is regulated by the CPR regulator  110  or otherwise in response to the ACD, e.g., which may also be measured and/or detected by the DDM  120 . That is to say, optionally, when the ACD exceeds a set or adjustable or otherwise determined threshold, the CPR is reduced accordingly. Similarly, when the ACD is below a set or adjustable or otherwise determined threshold, the CPR is raised accordingly. Optionally, the CPR is, e.g., successively, reduced and/or increased as the case may be incrementally until the ACD satisfies the respective threshold. In one suitable embodiment, a single threshold may be used as a target value which represents what is deemed to be an optimal ACD for a particular application, or alternately, a pair of thresholds may be used to define a range of values which represent what is deemed to be an acceptable range of ACDs for a particular application. Optionally, the ACD is measure for each line used by the AD  100  or for each call placed by the AD  100 , or alternately, a representative sample is employed. Optionally, a mean, average or other weighted combination of measured or detected ACDs is compared against the respective threshold. 
         [0029]    Suitably, the CPR of the AD  100  is regulated by adjusting or otherwise altering the GT used by the AD  100  in response to the measured or detected ACD, e.g., in the same or a similar way as described above with reference to the DTD. Optionally, an algorithm or process used by the regulator  110  to control or adjust the CPR of the AD  100  is a function of or responsive to any one or more of the measured or otherwise detected DTD, PDD and/or ACD values, with the relative influences of each being set, selected or otherwise determined to achieve a desired result or balance for the particular application at hand. 
         [0030]    It is to be appreciated that in connection with the particular exemplary embodiments presented herein certain structural and/or function features are shown and/or described as being incorporated in defined elements and/or components. However, it is contemplated that these features may, to the same or similar benefit, also likewise be incorporated in other elements and/or components where appropriate. It is also to be appreciated that different aspects of the exemplary embodiments may be selectively employed as appropriate to achieve other alternate embodiments suited for desired applications, the other alternate embodiments thereby realizing the respective advantages of the aspects incorporated therein. 
         [0031]    It is also to be appreciated that particular elements or components shown and/or described herein may have their functionality suitably implemented via hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. Additionally, it is to be appreciated that certain elements shown and/or described herein as incorporated together may under suitable circumstances be stand-alone elements or otherwise divided. Similarly, a plurality of particular functions shown and/or described as being carried out by one particular element may be carried out by a plurality of distinct elements acting independently to carry out individual functions, or certain individual functions may be split-up and carried out by a plurality of distinct elements acting in concert. Alternately, some elements or components otherwise described and/or shown herein as distinct from one another may be physically or functionally combined where appropriate. 
         [0032]    In short, the present specification has been set forth with reference to preferred embodiments. Obviously, modifications and alterations will occur to others upon reading and understanding the present specification. It is intended that the invention be construed as including all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.