Abstract:
A vehicular traffic control server includes monitoring means tariff, adjusting means in communication with the monitoring means, and notifying means in communication with the tariff adjusting means. The monitoring means is configured to monitor at least one traffic congestion parameter of a roadway having a road tariff. The tariff adjusting means is configured to adjust the road tariff in accordance with the monitored traffic congestion parameter. The notifying means is configured to notify at least one motorist of the adjusted road tariff.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a traffic control system. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and a system for influencing vehicular traffic on public roads employing road tariffs or tolls.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The continuous increase in human population density and urban sprawl, has brought with it a steady increase in vehicular traffic volume as more commuters are forced to travel more often and over longer distances on public roads highways to reach their intended destinations. As traffic volume has increased, traffic congestion has also increased thereby leading to an increase in fuel consumption and road wear and a drop in air quality. Accordingly, municipalities and governments have attempted to reduce traffic congestion as a means to reduce vehicle operating costs, road maintenance costs, and air pollution.  
           [0003]    The most common approach for reducing traffic congestion has been to use traffic signal lights installed at the intersection of roadways. Typically, the traffic signals use sensors concealed under the road surface in order to monitor and control traffic flow through the intersections. Another approach has been to use traffic cameras and electronic billboards to notify motorists of road conditions and any automobile accidents which may impede traffic flow. An additional approach has been to develop alternate or parallel traffic routes extending between common points. Although these approaches have been widely adopted, they have been ineffective at reducing traffic congestion on a macroscopic level.  
           [0004]    For instance, traffic signals are useful when employed on municipal roadways, but cannot be used to control traffic throughput on highways due to the relatively insignificant number of intersections. Typically, traffic cameras must be monitored by human operators, thereby introducing a delay between the recognition of a traffic problem and the notification thereof to the appropriate motorists. Also, billboards typically can only suggest that motorists select a single alternate route when a traffic problem develops on one route. As a result, notification of a traffic problem on one route often causes a traffic problem on the suggested alternate route. The construction of additional parallel traffic routes is limited by budget limitations of the municipality or government. Although road tariffs or tolls can be used as a means to fund the construction of such routes, commuters are often reluctant to use toll routes when non-toll routes are readily available.  
           [0005]    Consequently, there have been many attempts to address the problem of traffic congestion, however the solution to this problem to-date remains largely unsolved.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    According to the present invention, there is provided a mechanism for influencing vehicular traffic via a variable road tariff.  
           [0007]    In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for influencing vehicular traffic which includes the steps of (1) monitoring at least one traffic congestion parameter of a roadway having a road tariff; (2) adjusting the road tariff in accordance with the monitored traffic congestion parameter; and (3) notifying at least one motorist of the adjusted road tariff.  
           [0008]    In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a vehicular traffic control server which includes monitoring means, tariff adjusting means in communication with the monitoring means, and notifying means in communication with the tariff adjusting means. The monitoring means is configured to monitor at least one traffic congestion parameter of a roadway having a road tariff. The tariff adjusting means is configured to adjust the road tariff in accordance with the monitored traffic congestion parameter. The notifying means is configured to notify at least one motorist of the adjusted road tariff.  
           [0009]    According to one implementation of the invention, the roadway includes a number of road segments, and at least one of the road segments includes an air quality sensor disposed for measuring air quality in proximity to the associated road segment. Preferably, each motorist is provided with position identification means for providing the notifying means with position data identifying a current position thereof, and the monitoring means comprises a sensor receiver configured for receiving the air quality measurements, and a position receiver configured for determining traffic volume for each road segment from the position data.  
           [0010]    The tariff adjusting means comprises a tariff database of tariff data records, with each tariff data record being associated with a respective segment of the roadway and identifying the associated road tariff. The tariff adjusting means is configured to adjust the road tariff in each tariff data record from the associated determined traffic volume and the associated air quality measurement. The notifying means is configured to receive an indication of the motorist&#39;s current position, and to provide the motorist with an indication of the adjusted road tariff based on the motorist position) indication. Upon receipt of the road tariff information, the motorist is able to make a decision to proceed along the toll route or proceed along an alternate route. Consequently, to the extent that motorists are influenced by toll rates, the traffic control server is able to control vehicular congestion.  
           [0011]    As used in this specification, the word “comprising” should not be construed in a limiting sense, but instead should be construed in an expansive sense as being synonymous with the word “including”. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0012]    The present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the drawings, in which:  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vehicular traffic influencing system, according to the present invention, depicting the road segments, the wireless position identification system the air quality sensors, and the traffic control server;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a wireless transponding positioning transceiver which comprises a component in one implementation of the wireless position identification system;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a wireless GPS positioning transceiver which comprises a component in another implementation of the wireless position identification system; and  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 4 is a schematic view of traffic control server. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0017]    [0017]FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a vehicular traffic influencing system which influences vehicular traffic via a variable road tariff. The vehicular traffic influencing system, denoted generally as  100 , is shown comprising a roadway having a plurality of road segments.  102  traveled by a plurality of motor vehicles, a position identification system, and a traffic control server  400  in communication with the position identification system. In addition to the position identification system, the vehicular traffic influencing system  100  optionally includes one or more air quality sensors (not shown) in communication with the traffic control server  400 . The air quality sensors are disposed in proximity to each of the road segments  102  along the length of each road segment  102 , and monitor the air quality along each respective road segment  102 .  
         [0018]    The position identification system is configured to provide the traffic control server  400  with location data identifying the location of each of the vehicles on the roadway. In one implementation, the position identification system comprises a plurality of wireless transponding positioning transceivers  200  (FIG. 2), and a plurality of wireless transponder transceivers  104 . Each of the motor vehicles is fitted with one of the wireless transponding positioning transceivers  200 , and the road segments  102  include a transponder transceiver  104  disposed in advance of the entrance to the associated road segment  102  for communicating with the wireless transponding positioning transceivers  200  immediately prior to the vehicle entering the road segment  102 . In addition, preferably each road segment  102  includes a number of transponder transceivers  104  disposed periodically along the length of the road segment  102  to allow the traffic control server  400  to monitor traffic flow along each road segment  102 .  
         [0019]    As shown in FIG. 2, the wireless transponding positioning transceivers  200  comprises a wireless transponder unit  202  and a wireless tariff receiver  204  (preferably disposed within a common housing). Each wireless transponder  202  is assigned a transponder identification code  250  uniquely associated with the wireless transponder, and is configured to provide the transponder transceivers  104  with the assigned identification code  250  when the wireless transponding positioning transceiver  200  is in proximity to one of the transponder transceivers  104 . Each transponder transceiver  104  is assigned a transceiver identification code  260  and is configured to transmit to the traffic control server  400  a data packet including the transponder identification code  250  and the transceiver identification code  260  to thereby allow the traffic control server  400  to determine the location of the associated motor vehicle along the roadway. Wireless transponders  202  and transponder transceivers  104  are well known to those skilled in the art and, therefore, need not be described in further detail.  
         [0020]    The wireless tariff receiver  204  includes a wireless tariff data receiver  206 , and a tariff data output  208  coupled to the tariff data receiver  206 . The wireless tariff receiver  204  is assigned a receiver identification code which matches the transponder identification code  250 , and uses the tariff data receiver  206  to receive from the traffic control server  400  wireless road tariff data identifying the road tariff in effect for the upcoming road segment  102 . The tariff data output  208  typically comprises a LCD display and/or a speaker, and provides the vehicle occupant with a visual and/or audible indication of the road tariff for the upcoming road segment  102 . The wireless tariff receiver  204  is configured to recognize data packets received by the tariff data receiver  206  which include an identification code which matches the transponder identification code  250 , and to ignore data packets containing a different identification code.  
         [0021]    Alternately, in another implementation, the position identification system comprises a plurality of wireless GPS positioning transceivers  300 , and a plurality of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites  106 . Each of the motor vehicles is fitted with one of the wireless GPS positioning transceivers  300 , and the GPS satellites  106  are in orbit above the roadway. As shown in FIG. 3, the wireless GPS positioning transceiver  300  comprises a GPS receiver  302  and a wireless tariff transceiver  3041  in communication with the GPS receiver  302 . For convenience, preferably the GPS receiver  302  and the wireless tariff transceiver  304  are located in a common) housing. The GPS receiver  302  is configured to communicate with the GPS satellites  106  and to provide the wireless tariff transceiver  304 with location data identifying the location of the motor vehicle. OPS satellites  106  and GPS receivers  302  are well know to those skilled in the art and, therefore, need not be described in further detail.  
         [0022]    The wireless tariff transceiver  304  includes a location data input  306 , a location data transmitter  30 B coupled to the location data input  306 , a wireless tariff data receiver  310 , and a wireless tariff data output  312  coupled to the tariff data receiver  310 . The wireless tariff transceiver  304  is assigned a GPS transceiver identification code  350  which is uniquely associated with the wireless tariff transceiver  304 , and uses the location data input  306  to receive from the GPS receiver  302  location data identifying the location of the wireless GPS positioning transceiver  300 . The location data transmitter  308  is configured to periodically transmit to the traffic control server  400  a wireless data packet including the GPS transceiver identification code  350  and the location of the wireless tariff transceiver  304 . The wireless tariff transceiver  304  uses the tariff data receiver  310  to receive from the traffic control server  400  wireless road tariff data identifying the road tariff in effect for the upcoming road segment  102 . The tariff data output  312  typically comprises a LCD display and/or a speaker, and provides the vehicle occupant with a visual and/or audible indication of the road tariff for the upcoming road segment  102 . The wireless tariff transceiver  304  is configured to recognize data packets received by the tariff data receiver  310  which include an identification code which matches the GPS transceiver identification code  350 , and to ignore data packets containing a different identification code.  
         [0023]    Although the use of wireless GPS positioning transceivers  300  has been described as being an alternative to the use of wireless transponding positioning transceivers  200 , it should be understood that a motor vehicle can include either a wireless GPS positioning transceiver  300  or a wireless transponding positioning transceiver  200 , in which case the position identification system should include both GPS satellites  106  and transponder transceivers  104  to allow the traffic control server  400  to monitor the traffic flow independently of the signaling device (wireless GPS positioning transceiver  300  or wireless transponding positioning transceiver  200 ) installed in the vehicle. Further, it should be understood that a motor vehicle can be fitted with both forms of signaling devices for redundancy purposes.  
         [0024]    The traffic control server  400  is shown in FIG. 4. The traffic control server  400  is implemented as a computer server, and is in communication with a municipal billing server (not shown) which can issue invoices to motorists for traveling upon the roadway. The traffic control server  400  includes a data transceiver  402 , a central processing unit  404  (CPU) in communication with the data transceiver  402 , a non-volatile memory  406  (TOM) and a volatile memory  408  (RAM) in communication with the CPU  404 . The ROM  406  may be implemented as any of a non-volatile read/write electronic memory, an optical storage device and a read/write magnetic storage device.  
         [0025]    The data transceiver  402  includes a wireless transmitter configured to transmit tariff data to the motor vehicles. In addition, the data transceiver  402  is configured to receive from the position identification system the identification codes to be used to identify the location of the vehicles on the roadway. Accordingly, in the implementation where the position identification system comprises a plurality of wireless transponding positioning transceivers  200  and a plurality of wireless transponder transceivers  104 , the data transceiver  402  includes a wired data transceiver coupled to the transponder transceivers  104  through suitable cabling, and is configured to receive from the transponder transceivers  104  transponder identification codes  250  for vehicles which have passed one of the transponder transceivers  104 , and transceiver identification codes  260  for those wireless transponding positioning transceivers  200 . In the implementation where the position identification system comprises a plurality of wireless GPS positioning transceivers  300  and a plurality of GPS satellites  106 , the data transceiver  402  includes a wireless data transceiver, and is configured to receive from each wireless GPS positioning transceiver  300  the associated GPS transceiver identification code  350  and location data. As will be apparent, the data transceiver  402  may also be configured to receive information from both transponder transceivers  104  and wireless GPS positioning transceivers  300  for added flexibility and/or redundancy.  
         [0026]    As discussed above, the vehicular traffic influencing system  100  may include one or more air quality sensors. In this variation, the data transceiver  402  is coupled to the air quality sensors through suitable cabling, and is configured to receive from the air quality sensors air quality data identifying the air quality at each road segment  102 . Preferably, each air quality sensor is connected to a respective input port of the data transceiver  402  to thereby identify the air quality sensor and the road segment  102  associated with the air quality data. Typically the air quality sensors measure air pollution, however the air quality sensors can also be selected to measure other air quality parameters such as velocity, humidity, temperature and ozone.  
         [0027]    The ROM  406  maintains a tariff database  410  and a road segment database  412 . The tariff database  410  includes a number of tariff data records, with each tariff data record being associated with a respective road segment  102  and identifying a road segment D for the road segment  102 , and the current road tariff for the associated road segment  102 . The road segment database  412  includes a number of road segment records, with each road segment record being associated with a respective road segment  102  and including a road segment ID for the road segment  102 , location data identifying the location (eg. range of longitude and latitude between the start and end of the road segment  102 ) of the road segment  102 , and the road segment D for the next or upcoming road segment(s). In this manner, when the traffic control server  400  determines the location of a motor vehicle on a road segment  102 , the traffic control server  400  is able to identify the road segment(s) which the motor vehicle can take should the vehicle continue on in its direction of travel, and is thereby able to provide the motor vehicle operator with tariff information for each possible route. As will be apparent, to do so each road segment ID for a road segment  102  in the tariff database  410  should match the road segment ID for the same road segment  102  in the road segment database  412 .  
         [0028]    For the implementation where the position identification system includes both wireless transponding positioning transceivers  200  and wireless GPS positioning transceivers  300 , each road segment record also identifies the transceiver identification codes  260  for the transponder transceivers  104  associated with the corresponding road segment  102 . Alternately, in the implementation where the position identification system includes wireless transponding positioning transceivers  200  but does not include wireless GPS positioning transceivers  300 , the road segment records need not include GPS location data for the road segment  102 , but still includes the transceiver identification codes  260  for the transponder transceivers  104  associated with the corresponding road segments  102 . Also, in the variation where the vehicular traffic influencing system  100  includes air quality sensors, each road segment record also identifies the port identifiers of the data transceiver input ports for each air quality sensor associated with the respective road segment  102 .  
         [0029]    The ROM  406  also includes processing instructions for the CPU which, when loaded into the RAM, establish a memory object defining a traffic congestion parameter monitor  414 , a memory object defining a tariff adjuster  416 , and a memory object defining tariff notifier  418 . Although the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414 , the tariff adjuster  416 , and the tariff notifier  418  have been described as being memory objects, it should be understood that any or all of them may be implemented instead as a simple sequence of computer processing steps or even in electronic hardware if desired.  
         [0030]    The traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  is in communication with the data transceiver  402  and the road segment database  412 , and monitors at least one traffic congestion parameter for the roadway to thereby allow the traffic control server  400  to adjust the road tariff for each segment  102  of the roadway in response to changes in traffic congestion. In the implementation where the position identification system comprises a plurality of wireless GPS positioning transceivers  300 , the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  receives GPS transceiver identification codes  350  and location data from the position identification system (via the data transceiver  402 ), and is configured to determine traffic volume for each road segment  102  from the received GPS transceiver identification codes  350  and the associated location data. To do so, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  queries the road segment database  412  with the received GPS location data to identify the road segment  102  upon which each motor vehicle is traveling, and to thereby determine the number of motor vehicles traveling upon each road segment  102 . Thereafter, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  passes the traffic volume data for each road segment  102  to the tariff adjuster  416  for use in the road tariff calculation (described below).  
         [0031]    Alternately, in one variation, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  receives the GPS transceiver identification codes  350  and GPS location data from the position identification system, together with time stamp information identifying the time/date the location data was transmitted by the wireless GPS positioning transceivers  300 , and is configured to determine average traffic speed for each road segment  102  from the received GPS transceiver identification codes  350 , and the associated GPS location data and time stamp data. To do so, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  queries the road segment database  412  with the received GPS location data to identify the road segment  102  upon which each motor vehicle is traveling, and based upon the distance each vehicle travels between GPS location readings and the time/date of each reading, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  determines the average speed of the motor vehicles traveling along each road segment  102 . As above, thereafter the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  passes the traffic speed data for each road segment  102  to the tariff adjuster  416  for use in the road tariff calculation. As will be appreciated, instead of providing the tariff adjuster  416  with either traffic volume data or traffic speed data, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  may be configured instead to pass the tariff adjuster  416  both traffic volume data and traffic speed data for use in the road tariff calculation.  
         [0032]    In the implementation where the position identification system comprises a plurality of wireless transponding positioning transceivers  200  and a plurality of wireless transponder transceivers  104 , the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  receives transponder identification codes  250  and associated transceiver identification codes  260  from the position identification system (via the data transceiver  402 ), and is configured to determine traffic volume for each road segment  102  from the received transponder identification codes  250  and the received transceiver identification codes  260 . To do so the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  queries the road segment database  412  with the received transceiver identification codes  260  to identify the road segment  102  upon which each motor vehicle is traveling, to thereby determine the number of motor vehicles traveling upon each road segment  102 . As above, thereafter the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  passes the traffic volume data (comprising vehicle count and road segment ID) for each road segment  102  to the tariff adjuster  416  for use in the road tariff calculation.  
         [0033]    Alternately, in one variation, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  receives the transponder identification codes  250  and associated transceiver identification codes  260  from the position identification system, and is configured to determine average traffic speed for each road segment  102  from the received transponder identification codes  250  and associated transceiver identification codes  260 . To do so, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  queries the road segment database  412  with the received transceiver identification codes  260  to identify the road segment  102  upon which each motor vehicle is traveling, and based upon the arrival time (at the data transceiver  402 ) of the transceiver identification codes  260  for adjacent wireless transponder transceivers  104  (along a common road segment  102 ) and the distance between the adjacent wireless transponder transceivers  104 , the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  determines the average speed of the motor vehicles traveling along each road segment  102 . As above, thereafter the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  passes the average speed data (comprising vehicle speed and road segment ID) for each road segment  102  to the tariff adjuster  416  for use in the road tariff calculation. Again, instead of providing the tariff adjuster  416  with either traffic volume data or traffic speed data, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  may be configured instead to pass the tariff adjuster  416  both traffic volume data and traffic speed data for use in the road tariff calculation.  
         [0034]    As will be apparent, in the implementation where the position identification system includes both wireless transponding positioning transceivers  200  and wireless GPS positioning transceivers  300 , the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  is configured to determine traffic volume from the received GPS location data and the received transceiver identification codes  260 . Alternately, or additionally, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  may be configured to use the received GPS location data and the received transceiver identification codes  260  to determine average traffic speed. In either case, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  passes the traffic volume data, or the traffic speed data, or both, to the tariff adjuster  416  for use in the road tariff calculation.  
         [0035]    As discussed above, the vehicular traffic influencing system  100  may include one or more air quality sensors, in which case the data transceiver  402  receives air quality information from the air quality sensors. Accordingly, in this variation, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  is configured to determine the air quality for each road segment from the received air quality information and the associated port identifier of the input port upon which the data transceiver  402  received the air quality information. To do so, the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  queries the road segment database  412  with the transceiver port identifiers to identify the road segments  102  associated with the received air quality information. The traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  then determines the average air quality for each road segment  102  from the air quality information for each road segment  102 , and then passes the air quality data (comprising air quality information and road segment ID) for each road segment  102  to the tariff adjuster  416  for use in the road tariff calculation.  
         [0036]    The tariff adjuster  416  is in communication with the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414  and the tariff database  410 , and is configured to calculate updated road tariffs for each road segment  102  using the monitored traffic congestion parameters, and to update each tariff data record in the tariff database  410  with the corresponding calculated road tariffs. Typically, one of the traffic congestion parameters is traffic volume, and the tariff adjuster  416  calculates the road tariff for each road segment  102  from the traffic volume data received from the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414 . Preferably, the tariff adjuster  416  increases the road tariff for a given road segment  102  as the traffic volume for that road segment  102  increases. In this manner, motor vehicle operators will be influenced to use alternate routes in instances of high traffic volume. Conversely, motor vehicle operators will be influenced to use the road segment  102  in instances of low traffic volume.  
         [0037]    Alternately, in one variation thereof, one of the traffic congestion parameters is average traffic speed, in which case the tariff adjuster  416  is configured to calculate the road tariff for each road segment  102  from the traffic speed data received from the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414 . Preferably, the tariff adjuster  416  increases the road tariff for a given road segment  102  as the traffic speed for that road segment  102  decreases. In this manner, motor vehicle operators will be influenced to use alternate routes in instance of low traffic speed. Conversely, motor vehicle operators will be influenced to use the road segment  102  in instances of high traffic speed. In yet another variation, the tariff adjuster  416  receives both traffic volume data and traffic speed data from the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414 , in which case the traffic congestion parameters are traffic volume and traffic speed and the tariff adjuster  416  increases the road tariff for each road segment  102  as the traffic speed on the road segment  102  decreases and the traffic volume on the road segment  102  increases.  
         [0038]    Additionally, in the variation where the vehicular traffic influencing system  100  includes air quality sensors, another of the traffic congestion parameters is air quality. In this case, the tariff adjuster  416  is configured to calculate the road tariff for each road segment  102  taking into account the air quality data received from the traffic congestion parameter monitor  414 . Preferably, the tariff adjuster  416  is configured to increase the road tariff for a given road segment  102  as the air quality for the road segment  102  decreases. In this manner, motor vehicle operators will be influenced to use alternate routes in instance of poor air quality.  
         [0039]    The tariff notifier  418  is in communication with the data transceiver  402 , the road segment database  412  and the tariff database  410 , and monitors the data transceiver  402  for GPS transceiver identification codes  350  and the associated GPS location data transmitted by the position identification system which indicate that a motor vehicle is approaching the entrance to one of the road segments  102 . Alternately, or additionally, the tariff notifier  418  monitors the data transceiver  402  for transponder identification codes  250  and associated transponder transceiver identification codes  260  transmitted by the position identification system which indicate that a motor vehicle is approaching the entrance to one of the road segments  102 . To determine whether a motor vehicle is approaching a road segment entrance, the tariff notifier  418  queries the road segment database  412  with the received GPS location data and/or the received transponder transceiver identification codes  260  to identify the location on the roadway for each motor vehicle. If the location of a vehicle within a road segment  102  is proximate to the end of that road segment  102 , the tariff notifier  418  concludes that the vehicle is approaching the entrance of an upcoming road segment  102 .  
         [0040]    After the tariff notifier  418  determines that a motor vehicles has approached a road segment entrance, the tariff notifier  418  provides the vehicle with the road tariff in effect for the road segment  102 . To do so, the tariff notifier  418  locates the road segment record(s) for the upcoming road segments  102  using the road segment ID(s) for the adjacent road segments  102 , and then locates in the tariff database  410  the tariff data record(s) associated with the identified upcoming road segment(s). After the tariff notifier  418  identifies the road tariffs for the upcoming road segments  102 , the tariff notifier  418  creates a data packet which includes the tariff data and either the GPS transceiver identification code  350  or the transponder identification code  250  for the vehicle. The tariff notifier  418  then transmits the data packet wirelessly via the data transceiver  402 . The wireless transponding positioning transceiver  200  or the wireless GPS positioning transceiver  300  having an identification code which matches the identification code included in the data packet will recognize the data packet and display the received tariff data on the tariff data output. With the tariff data as a guide, the vehicle operator is then able to make a decision whether to proceed on the current route or to take an alternate route to reach the desired destination.  
         [0041]    As discussed above, the traffic control server  400  is in communication with a municipal billing server which issues invoices to motorists for traveling along the roadway. To facilitate billing of motorists, the billing server maintains a database of billing records, each identifying a billing address and/or a billing account for a motor vehicle operator, and the identification code for the wireless transponding positioning transceiver  200  or the wireless GPS positioning transceiver  300  assigned to the motor vehicle operator. The tariff notifier  418  is configured to transmit to the billing server data packets comprising the GPS transceiver identification code  350  or the transponder identification code  250  for the vehicle, the road segment ID for the road segment  102  traveled by the vehicle, and the tariff in effect for the road segment  102  at the time of travel. With the information contained in the transmitted data packets, the billing server is then able to invoice the vehicle operator for the use of the roadway or, if the operator has established a billing account with the municipality, the billing server is able to debit the operator&#39;s billing account.  
         [0042]    The operation of the vehicular traffic influencing system  100  will now be discussed. As vehicles fitted with a wireless transponding positioning transceiver  200  or a wireless GPS positioning transceiver  300  travel along the roadway, their respective signaling devices  200 ,  300  provide the traffic control server  400  with information identifying their respective location in real time. The traffic control server  400  continuously monitors this location information (and optionally also monitors the air quality data received from the air quality sensors) since they constitute parameters are associated with the state of traffic congestion at each road segment  102  along the roadway. From this information, the traffic control server  400  continuously calculates road tariffs in real time for the corresponding road segments  102 , and stores the calculated road tariff data in the tariff database  410 . The tariff calculation algorithm implemented by the traffic control server  400  attempts to dissuade (by increasing road tariffs in real time) the use of road segments  102  having high travel volume, poor air quality and/or low traffic speed. Conversely, the tariff calculation algorithm attempts to encourage (by decreasing road tariffs in real time) the use of road segments  102  having low travel volume, good air quality and/or high traffic speed.  
         [0043]    Since the traffic control server  400  continuously monitors the location information provided by the vehicles, the traffic control server  400  is able to determine the location of each vehicle along the roadway. When the traffic control server  400  determines that a vehicle is about to enter or is approaching the next road segment  102 , the traffic control server  400  queries the tariff database  410  for the road tariff associated with the next road segment  102 . If the vehicle has no choice as to the next possible road segment  102 , the traffic control server  400  will only locate the road tariff for the next possible road segment  102 . However, if the vehicle is approaching the junction of two or more road segments  102 , the traffic control server  400  will locate the road tariff for each route the vehicle could take.  
         [0044]    Upon receipt of the road tariff(s) for the next road segment(s)  102 , the traffic control server  400  wirelessly transmits, in real time, the road tariff(s) to the wireless transponding positioning transceiver  200  or the wireless GPS positioning transceiver  300  assigned to the vehicle. The vehicle&#39;s signaling device  200 ,  300  provides the vehicle operator with the tariff information, either visually and/or audibly, in real time, thereby allowing the vehicle operator to make a choice whether to continue on the original route or take an alternate route (if an alternate road segment  102  is available). The traffic control server  400  also identifies to the billing server each motor vehicle on the roadway, the road segment  102  each vehicle is traveling one, and the tariff in effect at the time of travel, thereby allowing the billing server to invoice the vehicle operator for the use of the roadway.  
         [0045]    The present invention is defined by the claims appended hereto, with the foregoing description being illustrative of a preferred embodiment of the invention. Those of ordinary skill may envisage certain additions, deletions and or modifications to the described embodiment which, although not explicitly suggested herein, nevertheless do not depart from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.