Abstract:
An automated winding apparatus includes a deflection sheave for directing a flat filament onto a rotating take-up reel. The deflection sheave sequentially moves progressively farther away from the take-up reel in response to information provided by a proximity sensor which detects the position of the outermost filament layer accumulating on the reel. The deflection sheave initially may be moved toward the take-up reel after a predetermined length of filament has been wound.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to automated machinery for winding flat filaments, in particular optical fiber ribbons, onto a take-up reel. 
     The prior art includes many devices for winding cables, filaments, or the like. Many automated winding devices include a mechanism for traversing the filament from side to side in a direction parallel to the axis of the take-up reel. In addition, some devices provide for an outward radial adjustment of a traverse guide arm to accommodate the increasing diameter of the windings already on the reel. The goal of many winding devices is to wind the filament onto the take-up reel in smooth layers without leaving bunches or gaps into which the filament may fall as the next outermost layer is wound. This invention principally concerns an improved device for the outward radial adjustment of a winding mechanism in which a guide means, such as a deflection sheave or guide arm, dispenses the filament onto the take-up apparatus. 
     In prior art winding devices, a guide arm typically is used to guide the rope, cable, wire, or yarn onto the drum of a take-up device, usually a reel. The guide arm is typically an elongated bar with a hole at its distal end. The filament to be wound is threaded through this hole. As the filament is wound, the guide arm moves, and the filament is directed to a desired position by the force exerted thereon by the guide arm. In the alternative, the traverse may be accomplished by keeping the traverse guide arm in a fixed position and traversing the take-up reel along its axis. 
     Some prior art winding devices act to press the filament into its desired position through the action of an elongate bar which presses on the filament as it contacts the drum or the previously wound filament package. An example of such a winding device is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,951,355. This bar may be an extension of the guide arm or may be a separate structure. 
     Flat filaments are more difficult to wind than cylindrical filaments. Flat filaments bend more easily in some directions than in other directions, which may result in asymmetrical forces which cause the flat filament to behave unpredictably, particularly as the number of forces on the filament increase. Cross-sections of flat filaments have a non-uniform exterior profile, as compared to a cylindrical filament, making it more important to keep the flat filament from twisting onto its side while being wound. 
     Optical fiber ribbons are flat filaments which typically include a parallel array of coated optical fibers which are enclosed within at least one layer of polymer material having an external rectangular cross-section with rounded corners. Optical fibers can be damaged by external forces placed upon them. Excessive bending, rubbing or twisting of the optical fiber ribbons can lead to physical damage to the ribbons which can cause excess attenuation of the light passing through the optical fibers therein. Because of these concerns, optical ribbon winding devices have been operated at low speeds to avoid any damage to the optical fiber ribbons. Low production speeds in turn increase manufacturing costs of optical fiber ribbon cablers. 
     The ribbon outer common coating typically has a minimum coefficient of friction. For this reason, it is impractical to push a ribbon across the surface of another ribbon to adjust its position. Precise initial placement of the ribbon onto the take-up reel is of paramount importance in preventing physical damage to the ribbon and possible excessive increases in optical fiber attenuation. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an optical fiber ribbon winding apparatus capable of operation at higher speeds than allowed by previous winding apparatus. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide an optical fiber ribbon winding apparatus which less frequently causes damage to the ribbon being wound, and may or may not utilize a guide arm to mechanically guide the optical fiber ribbon between the final deflection sheave and the take-up reel. 
     Still another object of the invention is to provide an optical fiber ribbon winding apparatus including an improved movement system to accommodate an accumulating filament package on the take-up reel. 
     Yet another object of the invention is to keep the optical fiber ribbon within an essentially vertical plane as it is being wound. 
     These and other objects are provided, according to the present invention, by a winding machine comprising a carriage bearing a guide means. The flat filament is directed by said guide means to be dispensed onto the take-up reel, where the filament is wound continuously in accumulating layers. The take-up reel is traversed back and forth parallel to its own axis in a manner well known to the art. The tension on the flat filament is monitored and controlled. A first proximity sensor mounted to the carriage senses the position of the outermost accumulating filament layer when it is within a predetermined distance. Information from the first proximity sensor is transmitted to a programmable logic controller. 
     It is necessary to prevent the guide means from impinging against the flanges of the take-up reel. The controller may be programmed to cause the ends of the filament layers to be spaced apart by a greater distance from the reel flanges after a predetermined number of filament layers have been wound. After the predetermined number of filament layers have been wound, the winding may assume a trapezoidal shape in cross-section. The programmable logic controller may cause the carriage to move the guide means forward, toward the take-up reel, when a predetermined length of filament has been dispensed, or, equivalently, when a predetermined number of layers of filament have been wound onto the take-up reel. Thus, the carriage is moved forward only when there exists sufficient spacing between the ends of the outermost filament layer and the respective flanges to provide clearance for the guide means. 
     After the carriage has been moved forward, the proximity sensor detects the presence of the accumulating outermost filament layer on the take-up reel, and the programmable logic controller activates the carriage as needed to maintain the guide means within a predetermined range of distance from the outermost filament layer. Thus, the carriage and guide means are moved sequentially to positions at a greater radial distance from the take-up reel longitudinal axis as the filament layers accumulate onto the take-up reel. 
     The invention allows the length of free ribbon between the guide means and the outermost layer of ribbon on the take-up reel to be minimized, thereby minimizing the amplitude of any vibration or other path perturbation which could compromise the quality of the winding. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the several drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the winding apparatus; 
     FIG. 2 is a front elevation of the winding apparatus; 
     FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the winding apparatus as operated; and, 
     FIG. 4 is a flow chart of processing logic utilized by the controller. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which one or more preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale but are configured to clearly illustrate the invention. 
     As background, a basic description of prior art take-up functions is provided below. 
     A prior art winding device includes a reel motor, which rotates a take-up reel, and a traverse motor, which drives a traverse mechanism. In this instance, it is the reel which traverses to and fro along its own axis, although in some applications the winding apparatus may be caused to traverse instead. The distance that the traverse mechanism travels per rotation of the reel is called the traverse pitch. The traverse pitch is typically a variable parameter to accommodate filaments of different widths. Prior art fiber optic ribbon take-up systems including traverse capability include the Multi-optical Fibre Ribbon Cable System provided by Heathway, having offices in Horsham, Pa., and the OFC 21 optical fiber ribbon system provided by Nokia-Mallefer, having offices in Norcross, Ga. 
     The reel motor is a dc motor and is controlled by a designated dc drive. The drive receives a 0 to 10 volt line speed reference voltage from the main programmable logic controller to determine the speed of the reel motor. The main programmable logic controller may be a Mitsubishi Model A2A. The reference voltage is adjusted based on input from a dancer in order to maintain a predetermined tension on the filament. An encoder is mounted on the reel motor and is driven by the motor shaft. This encoder is a device that outputs a predetermined number of square wave digital pulses per revolution of the motor shaft. These encoder pulses are transmitted to a special purpose controller that is capable of receiving and measuring a pulse train. The special purpose controller may be a MicroSpeed Model 196, provided by Drive Control Systems. 
     The traverse motor is also a dc motor that is controlled by a designated dc drive. On the traverse motor is mounted a second encoder which transmits its output pulse train to the special purpose controller. The special purpose controller is preset with the desired traverse pitch. Using the encoder pulse train from the reel motor as the reference master, the special purpose controller calculates a desired rate for the second encoder output pulse train, determining the proper ratio of the two pulse rates. The special purpose controller transmits a 0 to 10 volt dc analog reference voltage to the traverse motor drive to determine its speed relative to the reel motor. The special purpose controller automatically adjusts this voltage output to maintain the proper ratio between the two encoders, thereby forcing the traverse motor to follow the reel motor to maintain the preset traverse pitch. 
     As the filament is deposited onto the take-up reel, the filament builds up in layers around the reel drum between the reel flanges. Each edge of each filament layer is herein called a turnaround point. The positions of the turnaround points are selected to maintain predetermined distances between the turnaround points and the flanges, thereby avoiding damage to the filament or the winding apparatus. The turnaround points may be selected such that the width of the filament layers is not constant; for example, the layers may decrease in width with increasing radial distance from the take-up reel longitudinal axis. The turnaround points are determined by the main controller. The encoder pulses from the traverse motor are transmitted to a high speed digital up/down counter module in the main controller. The main controller counts up when the take-up reel traverses in a first direction and counts down when the take-up reel traverses in the opposite direction. When the number in a counter matches the preset number for a turnaround point, a digital output is triggered, energizing or deenergizing a relay which reverses the polarity of the reference voltage transmitted to the traverse motor. This polarity reversal causes the traverse motor to change directions. 
     Therefore, the system determining the turnaround points is independent of the system that maintains the traverse pitch at its preset distance. 
     The improved winding apparatus according to the invention does not affect any of the normal functions of the prior art light waveguide ribbon take-up assembly above described. However, several of those functions are monitored to provide information upon which the main programmable logic controller causes the final deflection sheave to be moved forward toward the take-up reel or retracted. The additional functions of the improved winding device are described below. 
     A winding apparatus  10 , shown in FIGS. 1-3, includes a vertical main post  12  to which a first vertical sheave mounting post  14  and second vertical sheave mounting post  15  are secured in spaced-apart horizontal relation. Between posts  14  and  15  are mounted two rotatable deflection sheaves  16 ,  17 . Upper deflection sheave  16  is mounted above lower deflection sheave  17 . 
     As depicted in FIG. 3, an optical fiber ribbon  18  is received from the left. Winding apparatus  10  may be used at the end of a manufacturing line which forms the common coating, sometimes called the matrix coating, over a plurality of coated, colored optical fibers to form a flat filament having a rectangular cross-section with rounded corners. The common coating may be formed of material cured by ultraviolet light radiation, and in that case the manufacturing line includes a plurality of ultraviolet light curing lamps. Although winding apparatus  10  is primarily designed to operate in the initial take-up of the newly formed optical fiber ribbon, it  10  may also be used in other processes, such as respooling operations. 
     Optical fiber ribbon  18  first passes to the right along a first path as shown in the topmost portion of FIG.  3  and thence through about a half turn around rotatable upper deflection sheave  16 , thence proceeding to the left along a second path which is spaced apart from and parallel to the first path at a lower height. The distance between the first and second paths is a function of the diameter of upper deflection sheave  16 . 
     Optical fiber ribbon  18  thence passes through about a half turn around rotatable dancer sheave  19 , thence proceeding to the right along a third path which is spaced apart from and parallel to the second path at a lower height. The distance between the second and third paths is a function of the diameter of dancer sheave  19 . 
     Dancer sheave  19  is mounted for rotation on vertical arm  20 , which is pivoted at its base and moved by an air cylinder. The pressure in the air cylinder is preset by the operator with an air pressure valve. Tension on sheave  16  is monitored by a tension monitoring device  13 , which may be model no. 150 provided by Honigmann GmbH. As the load on upper deflection sheave  16  is supplied solely by optical fiber ribbon  18 , the tension on optical fiber ribbon  18  is thereby determined indirectly. Monitoring device  13  transmits tension information to the line control system to be displayed on a monitoring screen. 
     To the extent that arm  20  is deflected from the vertical, the portions of optical fiber ribbon  18  traveling along the second and third paths as described above thereby will deviate slightly from the horizontal. As it leaves dancer sheave  19 , optical fiber ribbon  18  travels along the third path to the right in FIG.  3  and thence makes an approximately one-quarter turn or less around lower deflection sheave  17  and proceeds downward to final deflection sheave  23 . Optical fiber ribbon  18  then makes a partial turn around and under final deflection sheave  23  and is thence deposited directly onto take-up reel  37 , which is driven to rotate and traverse as above described. The degree of turn under final deflection sheave  23  is determined by its position, as is the degree of turn around lower deflection sheave  17 . 
     Slide base  27  forms the upper surface of support  26 , which is mounted to main post  12 . Also mounted to main post  12  is motor  11 , which has a drive shaft  30  which serves as the axis of pinion gear  31 . 
     Deflection sheave  23  is mounted for rotation to structure  32 , which includes a slide  28  as its lower surface. Slide  28  is movably carried on the upper surface of slide base  27 . Mounted over slide  28  is rack gear  29 , which is moved forward or retracted by the action of pinion gear  31 . Also mounted to structure  32  is mount  21 , which holds proximity sensor  22 . 
     Thus, as stepper motor  11  turns pinion gear  31 , rack gear  29  moves both deflection sheave  23  and proximity sensor  22 . Proximity sensor  22  is vertically aligned below deflection sheave  23 , as seen in FIG.  2 . Proximity sensor  22  may be a Banner fixed field sensor model S18SP6FF100Q utilizing a MQDC-415RA cable. Structure  32  is omitted in FIG. 2 for clarity. 
     The operation of the winding apparatus will now be described, with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 4 details the logic flowchart of the programmable logic controller control apparatus controlling drive motor  11 . This control apparatus used in the preferred embodiment described below is the main programmable logic controller; however, other control apparatus may be used as dictated by the particular manufacturing environment. 
     At start, the pinion gear moves structure  32  back to its extreme position which is most distant from take-up reel  37 , called the reset position, if either the take-up is not turned on or the processing line is not running. The reset position is detected through front proximity sensor  25 , which is vertically mounted to main post  12  and views downward to the upper surface of structure  32 . As structure  32  reaches its reset position, a hole in the upper surface of structure  32  moves beneath front proximity sensor  25 . If front proximity sensor  25  fails to detect the upper surface of structure  32 , the reset position has been reached. Motor  11  is then stopped, completing the first loop. 
     If either the take-up is not on or the processing line is not running, the loop and count latches are reset. The functions of these latches are set out below. 
     If the take-up is on and the processing line is running, the controller waits until the number of turnaround points (switchbacks) equals a preset number. During this time, the main programmable logic controller causes the widths of the layers to be narrowed from an initial greater width on the drum to an indented configuration in which the turnaround points are further spaced apart from flanges  33 . Until the preset number is reached, the rack remains in its reset position to avoid damage to the winding apparatus or the optical fiber ribbon by contact with flanges  33 . When the preset number is reached, the count latch is set and the final deflection sheave  23  is slowly moved forward toward take-up reel  37 , completing the second loop. 
     Deflection sheave  23  continues slowly moving forward toward take-up reel  37  until proximity sensor  22  is activated. Proximity sensor  22  is activated when the distance between proximity sensor and outermost winding layer  34  decreases to a predetermined distance. When this occurs, the loop latch is set and the final deflection sheave  23  stops moving forward, completing the third loop. 
     As a precaution, a back proximity sensor  24  detects whether the rack has reached an extreme forward position. If the extreme forward position is reached, no further forward movement is allowed. Back proximity sensor operates in the same manner as front proximity sensor  25  above described, with a second hole being placed in the upper surface of structure  32 . Sensors  24 ,  25  each may be a Omron model no. E2E-X1C1. 
     In the fourth loop, the stepper motor  11  slowly moves the rack gear  29  backward, moving final deflection sheave  23  backward until proximity sensor  22  is no longer activated. This process continues in the manner indicated in FIG. 3, with hatched line  35  indicating a forward position, and hatched line  36  indicating a rearward position of deflection sheave  23 . Hatched line positions of structure  32  and mount  21  were not indicated to avoid undue prolixity of the drawing. The fourth loop continues until the winding is complete; the take-up and processing line then are stopped, stopping the process as shown at the beginning of the flow chart. 
     Thus, the newly made optical fiber ribbon is subjected to minimum stress during the winding process. By controlling the distance between the final deflection sheave and the take-up reel, a guide arm mechanically guiding the optical fiber ribbon in the interval between the final deflection sheave and the take-up reel may be omitted . The path followed by the optical fiber ribbon is kept in an essentially vertical plane until it is incorporated into the structure of the winding. 
     Good results are achieved by maintaining a distance of no more than about one inch between the final deflection sheave and the outermost layer of the winding. The distance varies within a small predetermined range which is much less than one inch. Line speeds of 300 m/min have been achieved with regularity. 
     Stepper motor  11  and its drive may be a Compumotor &amp; Digiplan model PDS13-57-102, size 23. 
     The rack gear may be retained in the reset position if the inventive system described herein is not being used. 
     The guide means may be a deflection sheave, guide arm, or other apparatus which mechanically guides the optical fiber ribbon onto the take-up reel. 
     It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the exact details of the construction, operation, materials, or embodiments shown and described, as modifications and equivalents will be apparent to one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.