Abstract:
An afocal zooming optical system comprising a plurality of lens groups or components, in which the lens groups movable along the optical axis for zooming do not include the lens group closest to the eye, with the lens group positioned closest to the eye being movable for dioptry adjustment.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This application is based on and claims priority from Japanese Application No. HEI 2-335936 filed Nov. 30, 1990, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     The present invention relates to an afocal optical system for use with binoculars and monoculars, particularly to a zooming optical system capable of changing the magnification. 
     Throughout this specification, the terms &#34;group&#34; and &#34;component&#34; are used interchangeably to refer to a structure comprising at least one lens element. 
     Eyepiece optical systems such as binoculars are often provided with a dioptry adjustment capability for adjusting the focus in accordance with the eyesight of the user. With zooming optical systems which are capable of adjusting the magnification (focal length), a reference dioptry which does not change with the magnification is determined at the design stage. 
     If there is even partial overlap between the lens group movable for dioptry adjustment and the lens group movable for zooming, the change in dioptry due to zooming cannot be suppressed for all dioptries. Under these circumstances, a dioptry most commonly used is specified as a reference and the system is designed in such a way that zooming will cause no change in dioptry at least in the case where the system is set for the reference dioptry. Hence, there will be no change in dioptry due to magnification alterations if the system is set for the reference dioptry. However, if the system is set for values other than the reference dioptry, magnification alterations will cause changes in dioptry, and another dioptry adjustment becomes necessary. 
     FIG. 15 shows a conventional zooming optical system. An objective optical unit that is positioned closer to the object than a field ring S is composed of a fixed first lens group G1 and a second lens group G2 movable for zooming, whereas an eyepiece optical unit positioned closer to the eye than the field ring S is composed of a third lens group G3 movable for zooming and a fourth lens group G4 that is fixed during zooming. Dioptry adjustment is effected by moving altogether the three lens groups enclosed with a dashed line, i.e., the second lens group G2, the third lens group G3 and the fourth lens group G4. 
     A problem with this prior art zooming optical system is that the lens groups movable for dioptry adjustment experience a great change in focal length during zooming, since those dioptry adjusting lens groups contain all of the lens groups G2 and G3 which have a zooming capability. The eyesight mismatch decreases with the decreasing change in the focal lengths of the dioptry adjusting groups, so a great eyesight mismatch will inevitably occur in the conventional system. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide an afocal zooming optical system that is capable of preventing the occurrence of eyesight mismatch during zooming. 
     This and other objects of the present invention can be attained by an afocal zooming optical system comprising a plurality of lens groups or components, in which the lens groups movable along the optical axis for zooming do not include the lens group closest to the eye, with the lens group positioned closest to the eye being movable for dioptry adjustment. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of an afocal zooming optical system according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a graph comparing eyesight mismatch for the case of a conventional lens system and the system of FIG. 1; 
     FIGS. 3, 5 and 7 illustrate a first embodiment of the lens system according to the present invention in low magnification, moderate magnification and high magnification positions, respectively; 
     FIGS. 4, 6 and 8 are graphs plotting the aberration curves for the lens system illustrated in FIGS. 3, 5 and 7, respectively; 
     FIGS. 9, 11 and 13 illustrate a second embodiment of the lens system according to the invention in low magnification, moderate magnification on and high magnification positions, respectively; 
     FIGS. 10, 12 and 14 are graphs plotting the aberation curves for the lens system shown in FIGS. 9, 11 and 13, respectively; and 
     FIG. 15 is an illustration for explaining a conventional afocal zooming optical system. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     FIG. 1 shows a four-group zoom lens system as an embodiment of the present invention. An objective optical unit that is positioned closer to the object than a field ring S is composed of a fixed first lens group G1 and a second lens group G2 movable for zooming. An eyepiece optical unit that is positioned closer to the image than the field ring S is composed of a third lens group G3 movable for zooming and a fourth lens group G4 that is fixed during zooming. Dioptry adjustment is effected by moving only the fourth lens group G4. Alternately, it is possible to the dioptry adjustment is effected by moving only a part of the fourth lens groups G4, the part being located close to the eye. 
     FIG. 2 compares the eyesight mismatch between two cases, one being such that dioptry adjustment is effected with a four-group zoom lens system by the method illustrated in FIG. 1 and the other being the case where dioptry adjustment is effected with a zoom lens system of the same composition by the conventional method shown in FIG. 15. The result obtained by the embodiment of the invention represented in FIG. 1 is indicated by solid lines, wherein the composition of the lens system is set forth later herein. The result obtained by the conventional method is indicated by dashed lines. 
     As one can see from FIG. 2, the occurrence of eyesight mismatch during zooming is negligible if the zooming lens groups are not included as dioptry adjusting lens groups. 
     If the four-group composition described above is to be adopted, it is desirable that the following condition be satisfied: 
     
         fG4/fG3&lt;2.0                                                (1) 
    
     where fG3 and fG4 denote the focal lengths of the third and fourth lens groups, respectively. 
     Condition (1) specifies the power of the fourth lens group (i.e., the dioptry adjusting lens group) in relation to the power of the third lens group. If fG4/fG3 exceeds 2.0, the amount of movement that the fourth lens group must make for dioptry adjustment increases and the size of the eyepiece lens unit will accordingly become bulky. 
     Specific examples of a preferred lens composition according to the present invention will now be described. 
     FIGS. 3, 5 and 7 show a first example of the lens composition for the zooming optical system of the present invention, with FIG. 3 illustrating the case of low magnification, FIG. 5 illustrating the case of moderate magnification, and FIG. 7 illustrating the case of high magnification. 
     Specific numeric data for the system are given in Table 1. The magnification is altered by changing d7, d9 and d12, and the numeric data for the respective alterations are given in Table 2. The fourth to the seventh surfaces are those of erecting prisms. 
     FIGS. 9, 11 and 13 show a second example of the lens composition for the zooming optical system of the invention, with FIG. 9 illustrating the case of low magnification, FIG. 11 illustrating the case of moderate magnification, and FIG. 13 illustrating the case of high magnification. 
     Specific numerical data for the system are given in Table 4. The magnification is altered by changing d7, d9 and d11, and the numeric data for the respective alterations are given in Table 5. The fourth to the seventh surfaces are those of erecting prisms. 
     In Tables 1, 2, 4 and 5, r is the radius of curvature of an individual lens surface, d is the lens thickness or the air space between lenses, n is the refractive index of a lens, ν is the Abbe number of a lens, fC is the focal length of the objective optical unit comprising the first to the ninth surfaces, fe is the focal length of the eyepiece optical unit including surfaces 10 through 14, and ω is the half view angle. In the drawings, ER is the eye ring, ERφ means a diameter of the eye ring, B is the angle defined by the optical axis and the principal ray of the exit pupil light flux. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________SurfaceNo.       r        d           n     ν______________________________________1         52.948   4.63        1.51633                                64.12         -34.372  1.35        1.62004                                36.33         -115.196 25.054         ∞  28.64       1.56883                                56.35         ∞  1.686         ∞  28.64       1.56883                                56.37         ∞  variable8         -46.072  1.10        1.51633                                64.19         18.902   variable10        49.608   1.10        1.80518                                25.411        9.040    5.47        1.71300                                53.812        -14.836  variable13        17.088   2.19        1.51633                                64.114        -66.424______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________Low Magni-      Moderate Mag-                       High Magni-fication        nification  fication______________________________________f0    100.000       127.149     145.188fe    16.949        14.125      12.473ω 2.50°  1.94°                           1.67°d7    12.20         7.61        5.51d9    8.20          18.72       25.54d12   14.96         9.02        4.30______________________________________ 
    
     The aberration curves obtained with this lens composition are plotted in FIG. 4 for low magnification, in FIG. 6 for moderate magnification and in FIG. 8 for high magnification. 
     The results of a comparative experiment in which dioptry adjustment was effected by moving the second, third and fourth lens groups in unison are shown in the following Table 3. 
     
                       TABLE 3______________________________________Low magni-   Moderate magni-                     High magni-fication     fication     fication______________________________________-4.0         -8.0         -12.8-2.0         -3.4         -4.9-1.0         -1.0         -1.00.0          +1.4         +2.9+2.0         +6.0         +10.8______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE 4______________________________________SurfaceNo.       r        d           n     ν______________________________________1         67.982   5.59        1.51009                                63.62         -47.887  1.80        1.62364                                36.53         -161.038 40.704         ∞  34.00       1.56883                                56.35         ∞  2.006         ∞  33.00       1.56883                                56.37         ∞  variable8         -26.742  1.34        1.51633                                64.19         22.235   variable10        41.073   5.00        1.71300                                53.811        -19.675  variable12        20.784   5.88        1.60311                                60.713        -11.072  1.30        1.76182                                26.614        89.368   variable15        19.736   3.00        1.51633                                64.116        -484.218______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE 5______________________________________Low Magni-      Moderate Mag-                       High Magni-fication        nification  fication______________________________________f0    130.824       173.777     206.075fe    18.620        15.799      13.782ω 2.70°  1.86°                           1.54°d7    18.84         13.92       11.57d9    9.09          19.85       27.87d11   12.39         6.54        0.89______________________________________ 
    
     In the second example, the dioptry adjustment is effected by moving the lens element, close to the eye, of the fourth lens group G4 back and forth along the optical axis. 
     
                       TABLE 6______________________________________dioptry adjustment range           -3.5D      -1.0D   +0Dd14             0.26       4.00    5.35______________________________________ 
    
     The aberration curves obtained with this lens composition are plotted in FIG. 10 for low magnification, in FIG. 12 for moderate magnification and in FIG. 14 for high magnification. 
     The results of a comparative experiment in which dioptry adjustment was effected by moving the second, third and fourth lens groups in unison are shown in the following Table 7. 
     
                       TABLE 7______________________________________Low magni-   Moderate magni-                     High magni-fication     fication     fication______________________________________-4.0         -8.4         -14.6-2.0         -3.5         -5.5-1.0         -1.0         -1.00.0          +1.5         +3.5+2.0         +6.4         +12.6______________________________________ 
    
     As can be seen from the description herein, the variations in focal length of the dioptry adjusting lens group that typically occur during zooming can be eliminated, thus preventing the occurrence of eyesight mismatch during zooming.