Abstract:
A tire pressure detection system including a pneumatic tire, a valve system coupled to the pneumatic tire, a switch contained within the valve system, the switch including a transmitter, a receiver in wireless communication with the transmitter; and where when the switch is actuated the switch will transmit tire pressure information to said transmitter.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining imbalances in tire pressure on vehicles. More specifically the present invention relates to a valve integrated tire pressure sensor. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Automobiles and other vehicles typically utilize pneumatic tires mounted on a wheel for gripping the surface of the road. Tire over-inflation and under-inflation can lead to uneven tread wear, reduced grip at the tire-to-road contact area, and reduced tire performance. The handling characteristics of a wheeled vehicle are directly related to the amount of friction/grip, both lateral and longitudinal, obtained by the tire-to-road interface. Increased regulation has created the need to monitor the pressure of tires. 
     Direct tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) utilize radio frequency (RF) transmitters that are located in each wheel/tire assembly. Each sensor typically contains a unique identification (ID) code with its own RF data stream that is learned by the receiving electronic device to allow the TPMS to properly interpret each sensor&#39;s data by its physical location on the vehicle. Relearning is required in the factory when the tires are installed, when the customer alters sensor locations (rotate wires, change flat), or when a damaged sensor has been replaced. Existing auto-locations systems permit the learning operation to occur automatically without customer intervention, however these systems these systems require specialized hardware and are not cost effective. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a system to accurately monitor tire pressure imbalance and permit the learning operation to be performed manually without the use of an external electronic device or sampled pressure change. 
     The present invention comprises a valve stem integrated tire switch. The present invention permits a TPMS system to transmit a unique relearn RF transmission without the use of an unique external device such as a portable magnetic or electronic device or sampled pressure change detection algorithm. Depression of the valve integrated switch located inside the tires&#39; valve stem will trigger the sensor to measure the current data (pressure, temperature etc.) and broadcast its relearn code, sensor ID, and any measured data. Activation of the integrated valve stem switch can be accomplished by removing the valve stem cap and pressing down the valve pin with a finger or any small object that will fit in the valve stem. The sensor assembly electronics will monitor the switch state using a polled or interrupt based logic. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic drawing of an integrated tire switch of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic drawing of a vehicle including the integrated tire switches of the present invention; and 
         FIGS. 3A and 3B  are flow charts of preferred methods of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic drawing of a valve integrated tire switch  10  of the present invention. The integrated switch  10  is constructed to be located in a tire&#39;s valve stem and allow pressurized air flow into and out of a pneumatic tire, as is normally done in the art. The integrated switch  10  includes a plunger  12  that depresses a valve pin  14  to actuate a sensor or switch  16 . The sensor or switch  16  type includes, but is not limited to any mechanical or proximity switching technology known in the art. The sensor or switch  16  is wired to a transmitter or transceiver  18  powered by a battery  20 . In alternated embodiments of the present invention, power for the switch  16  may be generated by a piezoelectric system that converts the kinetic energy of the rolling wheel into electrical energy. The transmitter  18  will transmit a unique identification code to a second transceiver or receiver  22  located in the electrical infrastructure of the vehicle. The second transceiver or receiver  22  may be integrated to a number of electronic controllers that include, but are not limited to, a body computer, an anti-lock brake controller, a powertrain controller, and a remote input/output node. 
     The second transceiver or receiver  22  records the position of the actuated integrated tire switch  10  and displays the pressure information to an operator of a vehicle on an instrument panel or similar display device. The second transceiver or receiver  22  is preferably equipped with an automotive network interface including, but not limited to, J1850, CAN, and GMLAN to transfer tire pressure information to various controllers in the vehicle. 
       FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic drawing of a vehicle  30  having pneumatic tires equipped with the integrated tire switches or sensors  10  of the present invention. The vehicle  30  includes a left front (LF) tire, a left rear (LR) tire, a right front (RF) tire, a right rear (RR) tire, and a spare (SP) tire. The second transceiver or receiver  22  is located in the vehicle  30  electrical infrastructure. The tire switches are operatively coupled to a rolling sensor(s)  11  to indicate movements of the tires. 
       FIG. 3A  is a flow chart of a preferred method of the present invention. The initial state of the integrated tire switch upon initial vehicle production illustrated by block  50  is OFF. When a rolling switch (in the tire or proximate the tire) is closed for the first time, the state of the system transitions into the monitoring state at block  52 . At block  54 , when entering the monitoring state for the first time, the integrated tire switches  10  transmit the pressure of the tires at a certain rate defined as the manufacturing rate for a certain amount of time defined as the manufacturing time. The manufacturing rate and time have values that ensure that initial tire pressure information is transmitted by the integrated tire switches  10  to the transceiver  22 . At block  56 , upon expiration of the manufacturing time, and if a rolling condition is detected by the rolling switch, the integrated tire switches  10  will transmit at a normal rate defined as substantially every 10 seconds, but any transmit period is considered within the scope of the present invention. 
     At block  58 , when a rolling condition is not detected and the manufacturing time has expired the integrated tire switches  10  will transmit at a sleep rate defined as every three hours, but any sleep rate is within the scope of the present invention. While in the monitoring mode, at block  60 , the integrated tire switches  10  will transition from a normal rate to a sleep rate whenever the rolling switch indicates a rolling condition. The RF transmission bits are configured to inform the transceiver  22  as to the actual state of the integrated tire switches  10 . 
       FIG. 3B  is a flow chart of a preferred method of the present invention illustrating a method of learning the positions of the integrated tire pressure switches  10  on the vehicle  30 . At block  70 , a relearn switch present on the vehicle is pressed whenever the tires are rotated, a flat tire is changed, or other changes in tire position have occurred. The relearn switch may be located in the cabin of the vehicle  30  or on the exterior of the vehicle, but is not limited to such. The relearn switch is preferably actuated by the operator of the vehicle and the transceiver  22  enters the relearn or program mode. At block  74 , the operator then actuates the integrated tire switches  10  in the following preferred sequence, LF-RF-RR-LR (and SP if present), but any other sequence is considered within the scope of the present invention. The system then transitions back to a monitoring state at block  76 . Accordingly the transceiver  22  will record the physical positions of the tire pressure switches  10  according to the preferred sequence and tire pressure ID code. 
     While this invention has been described in terms of some specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that other forms can readily be adapted by one skilled in the art. Accordingly, the scope of this invention is to be considered limited only by the following claims.