Abstract:
A method of matching a vehicle with a vacant parking space in a parking facility having numerous parking spaces. The method includes storing identifying characteristics of each of the parking spaces in a database. To request a parking space, a garage customer inputs data concerning his or her preferences for parking. The inventive method then determines which of the plurality of parking spaces are vacant, matches the data inputted by the user with the data identifying characteristics of each of the parking spaces determined to be vacant, and determines which of the parking spaces determined to be vacant most closely matches the data inputted by the user. The closest parking space is reserved for parking by the user.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates generally to a system for locating parking spaces and, more specifically, to a parking guidance method for finding an optimal parking space in a parking garage by using evaluation information for each parking space and categorizing the available parking spaces according to customer preference. 
   2. Description of the Prior Art 
   Presently no method exists for major parking garage companies to route their customers to parking spaces that best meet customers&#39; needs. For example, when a customer enters a shopping mall garage more likely than not he or she will have a hard and frustrating time trying to find a desired parking space. During a holiday season a parking experience at a shopping mall can be exasperating. Many shopping mall customers have special parking needs, including sufficient space to park a larger vehicle, for example a sports utility vehicle, parking space next to a mall entrance or an entrance to a desired store within the mall, maternity or handicap parking, parking in secure or well lit areas, etc. Presently, in a crowded parking lot of a shopping mall or an airport, customers are left to drive for long periods of time searching and waiting for available parking space compatible with their needs. This haphazard manner of parking creates congestion, reduces the number of customers that are able to enter the garage and through it the mall, aggravates the customer, and causes revenue loss for both the garage and mall operators. 
   Numerous additional systems for monitoring, guiding, and managing vehicle parking have been provided in the prior art. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,376,547; 5,004,997; 5,091,727; 5,432,508; 5,504,314; 5,910,782; 5,940,481; 6,107,942; 6,147,624; 6,285,297 and 6,426,708 are all illustrative of such prior art. While these units may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they would not be as suitable for the purposes of the present invention as heretofore described. 
   Apparatus for indicating the location of vacant parking places within a parking facility. A number of transducers, which are arranged throughout the parking facility and each of which monitors a particular parking place, are combined to operate with a single transceiver. This transceiver is selectively connected to each of said transducer, in turn, by switching circuits and as each parking place is monitored a corresponding indicator is made to register that place as occupied or vacant. 
   An electronic parking-aid device for guiding a motorist when parking a vehicle in a parking bay. The device includes a transmitter and receiver which respectively transmits a signal towards the front of an approaching vehicle and receives the signal reflected thereby. A computing apparatus coupled to the transmitter and receiver for computing the distance from the front of the vehicle to the device and a logic apparatus coupled to the computing apparatus compares the computed distance with a predetermined threshold so as to generate an output signal if the computed distance is less than the threshold. The logic apparatus compares the computed distance to two different thresholds so as to generate corresponding output signals if the computed distance is less than the lower threshold, or lies between the two thresholds, or is greater than the larger threshold. Red, amber and green indication lamps are connected to the logic apparatus and are responsive to the respective output signals so as to advise a motorist when he is safe to proceed, when he should proceed with caution, and when he should stop, respectively. Also a parking management system wherein each parking bay is provided with a parking-aid device for monitoring whether a respective parking bay is occupied or vacant. 
   An automated parking facility management system which determines when a vehicle is at a facility entrance, stores the locations of vacated facility parking spots, determines the location of a desirable vacated parking spot in relation to either the facility entrance or the facility exit, prints a parking record for the customer including the computed location, removes the compound location from the memory after it has been printed to prevent assigning the same spot to two vehicles, and then adds to computed location back into the memory when the vehicle is leaving the facility to make the location available to another vehicle. 
   Parking for vehicles is facilitated, monitored and controlled by using sensors to determine the availability of vacant parking spaces and by indications to alert vehicle operators at a substantial distance of the availability a vacant space. A computer controlled system monitors the sensors and controls the delivery indicator signals. Data regarding parking occupancy is used to uniform drivers entering the facility and prospective users, via a telephone interface, of the availability of parking. The telephone interface further allows users to reserve parking spaces and charge the cost of the reserved space. 
   The invention relates to a monitoring and/or directing system for parking areas which exhibit parking spaces. In order that the risk of theft is reduced and/if appropriate, incoming vehicles can be guided specifically to empty parking spaces, the monitoring and/or directing system is designed with at least one entrance and departure station provided for issue and retrieval of parking tickets fitted with an electronic identification element, with communicators which detect the parking tickets, there being arranged, at each parking space, at least one communicator which has a detection region directed towards the associated parking space, and with data lines via which the communicators and the entrance and departure stations are connected to a central computer. 
   An on-board vehicle navigation system parking space finder that offers a driver a competitive edge in finding available on-street parking. Drivers not familiar with an area are able to locate available metered parking spaces with ease. Drivers may be informed, on demand, of what type of currency they need for parking meters in certain areas, so they can stop for change, if necessary. Drivers will have information about maximum time limits for different parking meters, and can use this information to select meters with longer time limits, if necessary. Metered parking information specific to a vehicles current location, as well as metered parking information specific to a requested location, are made optionally available to drivers from within their vehicles. 
   A parking management communication system including a central control unit having a data base, a central interface unit and at least one user interface unit, the central interface unit being in communication with the at least one user interface unit via at least one of wired and wireless communication link. 
   A parking guidance and management system. The system provides graphical information regarding the relative availability of parking spaces within a parking garage or other large facility. The system relies on a video image sensing system wherein each space in the facility is monitored by a camera to determine whether or not it is occupied. A single camera may be used to determine the status of a plurality of spaces. The information is displayed at strategically located displays along the way to available spaces. The displays contain advertising messages adjacent to the information about space availability. Revenues generated by the sale of advertising can be used by the facility operator to defray the purchase and/or maintenance cost of the guidance and management system. The information obtained from the sensors at each parking space may be used to provide information to the manager of the facility regarding space utilization. Information regarding the occupancy status of each space may also be used as a check on receipts of parking fees and to identify abandoned vehicles. 
   Available spaces in a system may identified using detectors in each of the spaces. The detectors may communicate the availability of a space after detecting whether or not an item is currently situated at the space. This information may be assembled and displayed using mapping software to indicate available spaces. In addition, a user may be provided with information about how to traverse through the system of spaces to locate the available space. In one embodiment of the present invention, the available spaces are parking spaces and the user is a vehicle operator having an in-car personal computer system. An in-car personal computer systems may have a display showing a map of the parking facility, indicating an available space and providing directions to reach that space. 
   The invention provides a system for determining and communication the availability of parking spaces. The system includes an optical adapted to scan a plurality of the parking spaces and to produce scan data for the parking spaces scanned. The system also includes a processor adapted to receive the scan data from the optical detector and to determine the availability of the scanned parking spaces from the scan data. The system may include a telephone link and/or a radio transmitter for transmitting a signal to indicate the parking pace availability. 
   A parking advisor images scenes of a parking area and identifiers free spaces using image processing techniques. The advisor then makes recommendations as to which areas a driver should go based on the locations of free spaces. One way of outputting the recommendations is to display them on a terminal at an entry gate or to print them on a ticket, receipt, or other piece of paper. An entry terminal may be provided to allow the user to enter a preferred destination served by the parking area. For example, the destination could be a particular airline terminal or department store. The advisor may select, among the free spaces identified, those that are most convenient to the destination and provide corresponding directions. 
   SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
   The present invention relates generally to a system for locating parking spaces and, more specifically, to a parking guidance method for finding an optimal parking space in a parking garage by using evaluation information for each parking space and categorizing the available parking spaces according to customer preference. 
   A primary object of the present invention is to provide a parking guidance system that overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art. 
   A further object of the present invention is to provide a parking guidance system that allows a customer to input criteria the customer feels is important when searching for a parking space. 
   Another object of the present invention is to provide a parking guidance system that uses a plurality of sensors to sense the availability of parking spaces. 
   A still further object of the present invention is to provide a parking guidance system that allows a garage operator to weight the input criteria based upon importance so that the customer may find an optimal parking space. 
   Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a parking guidance system that allows the garage operator to enter and store evaluation information relating to the individual parking spaces in the database. 
   Another object of the present invention is to provide a parking guidance system that compares the preference information entered by the customer with the descriptive information about individual parking spaces so that an optimal parking space may be located for the customer. 
   A still further object of the present invention is to provide a parking guidance system that includes an interface for receiving customer preference information about parking spaces from a plurality of peripheral devices. 
   An even further object of the present invention is to provide a parking guidance system that allows provision of customer preference information about parking spaces through wireless means. 
   Another object of the present invention is to provide a parking guidance system that, upon determining the location of an optimal parking space, a directional map for guiding the customer to the parking space is displayed. 
   Still further object of the present invention is to provide a parking guidance system that allows for traffic control within one garage facility and diversion of traffic to a facility that is less crowded. 
   Additional objects of the present invention will appear as the description proceeds. 
   The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a parking guidance system that uses a method that compares customer specific data with data about the parking structure in order to find an optimal parking space for a customer. Additionally, the system provides an output to a customer to allow the customer to quickly find the chosen optimal parking space. 
   The foregoing and other objects and advantages will appear from the description to follow. In the description reference is made to the accompanying drawing, which forms a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments will be described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. In the accompanying drawing, like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the several views. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES 
     Various other objects, features and attendant advantages of the present invention will become more fully appreciated as the same becomes better understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the several views. 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a vehicle approaching a parking garage located within or next to a shopping mall; 
       FIG. 2  is an overhead view of a section of a parking garage using the guidance method of the present invention; 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram showing the components of the computing device of the parking guidance system of the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  is a block diagram of the parking guidance system of the present invention for use in assisting a customer in locating an optimal parking space for his/her vehicle; 
       FIG. 5  is a block diagram showing the makeup of the matrix W and vector P of the parking guidance system of the present invention; 
       FIG. 6  is a perspective view of a vehicle driving on a road with its driver communicating his or her preferences for a parking space to the parking guidance system of the present invention; 
       FIG. 7  is a block diagram showing the relationship between a computing device built into a vehicle and a central computer&#39;s interface of the parking guidance system of the present invention; 
       FIG. 8  is a block diagram showing the communication of the customer preferences and a list of selected parking spaces between the central computing device and the consumer interface of the parking guidance system of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 9  is a flowchart showing the operation of the parking guidance system of the present invention. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCED NUMERALS 
   Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, the Figures illustrate the parking guidance system and method of the present invention. With regard to the reference numerals used, the following numbering is used throughout the various drawing Figures.
           10  parking guidance system of the present invention     12  parking garage     14  vehicle     16  mall     17  parking garage entrance     18  parking spaces     20  vehicle sensor     22  central computing device     24  wireless computing devices     26  interface for entry of customer preferences     28  parking space descriptors     29  parking space confirmation ticket     30  common data bus     32  central processing unit (CPU)     34  memory     36  system clock     38  peripheral interface     40  video interface     42  input/output (I/O) interface     44  communications interface     46  multimedia interface     50  display     52  storage device     54  wireless telephone system     56  multimedia component     58  peripheral devices     60  network connection     70  matrix W     72  parking space descriptor  1       74  parking space descriptor  2       76  parking space descriptor  3       78  parking space descriptor  4       80  parking space descriptor  5       82  vector P     84  customer reference  1       86  customer reference  2       88  customer reference  3       90  customer reference  4       92  customer reference  5       94  built in communication device     96  data base processor of the customer interface  26       98  power source of the customer interface  26       100  web server of the customer interface  26       102  parking sensor of the customer interface  26       104  vehicle sensor of the customer interface  26       106  transmitter of the customer interface  26       108  receiver of the customer interface  26       110  processor of the vehicle device  94       112  power source of the vehicle device  94       114  video display vehicle device  94       116  input peripherals of the vehicle device  94       118  receiver of the vehicle device  94       120  transmitter of the vehicle device  94       122  transmission signal from the vehicle device  94  to the customer interface  26       123  printer of the central computing device  22       124  power source of the central computing device  22       126  receiver of the central computing device  22       128  transmitter of the central computing device  22       130  transmission signal from the customer interface  26  to the central computer  22       132  transmission signal from the central computer  22  to the customer interface  26       134  transmission signal from the customer interface  26  to the vehicle device  94         

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views,  FIGS. 1 through 5  illustrate a parking guidance system of the present invention indicated generally by the numeral  10 . 
     FIG. 1  illustrates, a customer driving to a shopping mall  16 . The customer may need to park his or her vehicle  14  in a parking garage  12 . As the customer approaches the entrance  17  to the garage  12 , he or she may provide preferential information such as where in the mall  16  the customer wants to be or the type of the vehicle the customer is driving. This information is necessary to ascertain the size of the vehicle and hence the size of the parking space required. This information also aids the system in finding a parking space by providing other customer preferences and/or requirements, e.g., if handicap parking is needed. As will be seen from the description below, the inventive method decreases the amount of vehicle traffic congestion caused by customers&#39; driving within the garage looking for parking spaces thereby increasing the flow of traffic through the garage and the time customers spend shopping in the mall. The parking experience is made more enjoyable and reduces the number of accidents occurring in the parking lot. 
     FIG. 2  is an overhead view of a section of a parking garage  12  including the parking guidance system  10  of the present invention. Vehicles  14  are parked in parking spaces  18 . For illustrative purposes parking spaces  18  are marked by numerals 1 through 6. These numerals are for illustrative purposes only and are not required for implementation of the present invention. Each parking space  18  includes a vehicle sensor  20 . The vehicle sensors  20  are mounted throughout the parking garage  12  to determine if parking spaces  18  are occupied. The vehicle sensor  20  is included to ascertain presence of a vehicle  14  in the parking space  18 . The vehicle sensor  20  can be any sensor that is able to detect the presence of the vehicle  14  in the parking space  18 , through contact sensing, weight difference sensing, non-contact optical sensing, ultrasonic sensing etc. Additionally, the vehicle sensor  20  can be a simple switch set and reset by an attendant, either remotely or manually on location in the parking space, to indicate the presence or absence of the vehicle  14  in the parking space  18 . The vehicle sensors  20  relay data regarding available space to a central computing device  22  which is described below with reference to  FIG. 3  of the present invention. The central computing device  22  ( FIG. 3 ) can be a stand alone single computer or a cluster of computers, which can be centrally located or distributed in a networking environment either locally or over a wide area such as the Internet. 
     FIG. 3  shows the components of the computing device  22  used in implementation of the parking guidance system of the present invention. The computing device  22  may take the configuration of any computer ranging from mainframes and personal computers (PCs) to digital telephones and personal digital assistants (PDA) or hand held devices, e.g., Palm Pilot™. In one illustrative embodiment of this invention shown in  FIG. 3 , such computing devices may comprise data bus  30 , which is connected directly to each of the following:
         a central processing unit (CPU)  32 ;   a memory  34 ;   a system clock  36 ;   a peripheral interface  38 ;   a video interface  40 ;   an input/output (I/O) interface  42 ;   a communications interface  44 ; and   a multimedia interface  46 .       
   The common data bus  30  is further connected
         by the video interface  40  to a display  50 ;   by the I/O interface  42  to storage device  52 , which may illustratively take the form of memory gates, disks, diskettes, compact disks (CD), digital video disks (DVD), etc.;   by the multimedia interface  46  to any multimedia component  56  such as a video camera;   by peripheral interface  38  to peripheral devices  58  such as a keyboard, mouse, navigational buttons, e.g., on a digital phone, a touch screen, and/or writing screen on full size and hand held devices such as a Palm Pilo™;   by the communications interface  44 , e.g., a plurality of modems, to a network connection  60 , e.g., an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and to other services, which is in turn connected to the network  62 , whereby a data path is provided between the network  62  and the computing device  22 , and, in particular, the common bus  30  of this computing device; and furthermore,   by the communications interface  44  to the wired and/or the wireless telephone system  54 .       

     FIG. 4  is a block diagram of the parking guidance system  10  of the present invention used to assist customers in locating parking spaces for their vehicles  14  according to the customer&#39;s preferences provided via an interface  26  to the main computing device  22  for the location of such spaces. Additionally, the parking guidance system  10  computes the optimal match of customer&#39;s preferences and available parking spaces in a parking garage. The optimal parking space, for example the parking space  18  marked with the numeral  3  as it is shown in  FIG. 2 , is determined in the following way.
         1) Information  28  about each parking space  18  is documented by a garage operator before the parking guidance system  10  goes into operation. As descriptors change over time, the garage operator can modify the preference information  28  and re-load it into the main computing device  22 ;   2) The current availability of the parking space  18 , marked with the numeral  3  as it is shown in  FIG. 2 , is provided by the parking garage sensors  20 . As described above with reference to  FIG. 2 , the parking garage sensors  20  may be installed within each of the parking spaces  18 ; and   3) Preferences of the parking customer are provided to the parking guidance system  10  via the interface  26  by computing devices  24  such as those described with reference to  FIG. 3 .       
   As a result of determinations made by the parking guidance system  10 , the customer is presented with a prioritized list  29  of possible parking space selections. This prioritized list  29  can be displayed, be printed on a ticket provided at the entrance to the garage or a digital file retrieved by the customer or sent to the customer&#39;s e-mail address or his/her computing device such as a cell phone or a PDA. 
   Information about each Parking Space 
   The garage operator using the parking guidance system  10 , evaluates each parking space  18  and documents evaluated information in a fixed array or matrix. This matrix, for example named W, includes M rows and N columns and is discussed herein below. Each of the M rows corresponds to one of the parking spaces in the garage and each of the N columns corresponds to one of the descriptors of the parking spaces. Therefore, in a parking garage having 482 parking spaces, M is equal to 482 and the matrix W will have 482 rows. 
   A limited embodiment of the inventive parking guidance system  10  may use five descriptors, i.e., N=5, where:
         1) handicapped parking;   2) safety level (proximity to security guard booth);   3) proximity to store A;   4) proximity to restaurant B; and   5) only used for compact cars.       

   The matrix W identified by the numeral  70  may be constructed using commercially available software spreadsheet packages such as Microsoft Excel™ or Corel Corporation&#39;s Lotus 123™. Alternatively, a computer program may be written to prompt a garage operator to enter descriptors or to select a preferred descriptor from a choice displayed by such program. 
     FIG. 5  illustrates the matrix W  70  having six rows (M=6) corresponding to the number of parking spaces shown in  FIG. 2  and five columns (N=5) corresponding to the total number of descriptors. This arrangement is depicted by the matrix W  70  as follows: 
       W   =     [           w   11           w   12           w   13           w   14           w   15               w   21           w   22           w   23           w   24           w   25               w   31           w   32           w   33           w   34           w   35               w   41           w   42           w   43           w   44           w   45               w   51           w   52           w   53           w   54           w   55               w   61           w   62           w   63           w   64           w   65           ]           
   Here, the parking space three may have the following associated descriptors: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               1) handicapped parking 
               w 31  72 = 0 (i.e., no) 
             
             
                 
               2) safety level 
               w 32  74 = 0.9 (i.e., proximity to guard 
             
             
                 
                 
               booth) 
             
             
                 
               3) proximity to store A 
               w 33  76 = 0.2 
             
             
                 
               4) proximity to restaurant B 
               w 34  78 = 0.5 
             
             
                 
               5) compact cars only 
               w 35  80 = 0 (no) 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   Each descriptor of each parking space is assigned a weight by the garage owners. The garage owners may decide to modify weights in matrix W in time, for instance, over the course of 24 hours the safety ratings to various locations may change, or over the course of a year store locations may move. 
   The weight of the descriptors for matrix W  70  may be modified as the garage  12  traffic patterns or the distribution of stores in the mall  16  change over time, for example, store A closes or store B changes its location. Moreover, the descriptor&#39;s weight may allow preferred treatment for customers with particular preferences, for example, preferred parking for patrons of a newly opened restaurant. The preferential treatment may be provided to the customer either free of charge or for an additional fee by increasing or decreasing weights of specific parking spaces. Similar to the matrix W  70 , the weights may be assigned using the commercial spreadsheet programs or a custom package. 
   To eliminate consideration of an occupied parking location, the rows of matrix W corresponding to occupied locations are set to zero. A parking spot is considered occupied if either
         1) the sensors  20  determine the location if partially occupied, or   2) the central computer  22  determines that the space was recently assigned to another parking customer (e.g., was assigned within previous five minutes).
 
This time limit causes assigned spaces to be released back into the availability pool should a driver choose to park in a different location than directed.
 
Customer Preferences
       

   To request an available parking space, customers provide their preferences to the customer interface of the parking guidance system  10 . What the customer provides is all or a subset of descriptors identified and assigned to individual parking spaces as described above. In the exemplary embodiment, the descriptors include:
         1) handicap parking;   2) safety level (proximity to guard booth);   3) proximity to store A;   4) proximity to restaurant B; and   5) only used for compact cars.       

   The customer can select the section that best corresponds to their destination and needs through the use of input peripherals connected to the computing device  22 , such as touch screen displays, display screens with keyboards, or voice activated peripherals. Preferably, input peripherals are located near the entrance  17  ( FIG. 1 ) to the garage  12 . 
   To speed-up provision of customer&#39;s preferences, a diagram of the garage  12  as shown in  FIG. 2  may be displayed on a touch screen, and the appropriate location may be selected by the customer. Another manner of entry of customer&#39;s preferences may be through easy reference hypertext markup language (HTML) menus such as those commonly used with the Internet web pages. Graphical menus may also be used. Garage sections may be displayed with magnified or higher resolution upon selection. 
   It is important to note that some data regarding the customer preferences may be assessed automatically by sensors installed throughout the garage  12 . For instance, the vehicle size may be sensed automatically. 
   Returning now to  FIG. 5 , the provided list of customer preferences is then stored in a 1×N vector P  82 , representing each preference&#39;s relative importance, where N is the number of available preference descriptors 84–92. For example: 
       P   =       [             p     1                         p     2                         p     3                         p     4                         p     5                   ]     ⁢                 -       ⁢           ⁢   handicapped   ⁢           ⁢   parking   ⁢           ⁢   84     =     0   ⁢           ⁢     (   no   )                         -       ⁢           ⁢   safety   ⁢           ⁢   level   ⁢           ⁢   86     =     0   ⁢           ⁢     (       don   &#39;     ⁢   t   ⁢           ⁢   care     )                         -       ⁢           ⁢   poximity   ⁢           ⁢   to   ⁢           ⁢   store   ⁢           ⁢   A   ⁢           ⁢   88     =     1   ⁢           ⁢     (     very   ⁢           ⁢   important     )                         -       ⁢           ⁢   proximity   ⁢           ⁢   to   ⁢           ⁢   restaurant   ⁢           ⁢   B   ⁢           ⁢   90     =     0   ⁢           ⁢     (     not   ⁢           ⁢   entered   ⁢           ⁢     -     ⁢           ⁢   default     )                         -       ⁢           ⁢   compact   ⁢           ⁢   cars   ⁢           ⁢   only   ⁢           ⁢   92     =     1   ⁢           ⁢       (     yes   ⁢           ⁢     -     ⁢           ⁢   auto   ⁢           ⁢   sensed     )     .                     
 
   All information not specifically selected by the customer is assigned a default value. Similar to the manner of entry of the matrix W  70 , vector P  82  may be entered using the commercially available spreadsheet programs or a custom made programming interface and store in a file in storage component  52  of the computing device  22  shown in  FIG. 3 . 
   Determination 
   To find the available parking spaces answering to the customer preferences, the resulting matrix W R  of available parking space weights is multiplied by the vector P of consumer preferences to result in a weighted score matrix S having L rows, where L is the number of available parking spaces. In the exemplary embodiment, L is equal to two, specifically parking spaces  3  and  6  shown in  FIG. 2 . Each row of the weighted score matrix S will have the following representation:
 
 S   i   =W   ij   ×P   j ;, that is
 
       S   =       [           s   1               s   2               s   3               s   4               s   5               s   6           ]     ⁢           =         w   11     *     p   1       +       w   12     *     p   2       +       w   13     *     p   3       +       w   14     *     p   4       +       w   15     *     p   5                     =         w   21     *     p   1       +       w   22     *     p   2       +       w   23     *     p   3       +       w   24     *     p   4       +       w   25     *     p   5                     =         w   31     *     p   1       +       w   32     *     p   2       +       w   33     *     p   3       +       w   34     *     p   4       +       w   35     *     p   5                     =         w   41     *     p   1       +       w   42     *     p   2       +       w   43     *     p   3       +       w   44     *     p   4       +       w   45     *     p   5                     =         w   51     *     p   1       +       w   52     *     p   2       +       w   53     *     p   3       +       w   54     *     p   4       +       w   55     *     p   5                     =         w   61     *     p   1       +       w   62     *     p   2       +       w   63     *     p   3       +       w   64     *     p   4       +       w   65     *     p   5                       
 
   Alternative non-linear combinations of the parking space description matrix W  70  and the customer&#39;s preferences vector P  82  can be envisioned. For example, some numbers in vector P  82 , the customer selects p 3  the distance to the store A to be 10 feet, may be divided by the corresponding fields in the matrix W  70 , w 33    76  the distance to the store A from parking space  18  marked with numeral  3  in  FIG. 2  to be 30 feet and W 63  the distance to the store A from parking space  18  marked with numeral 6 to be 80 feet. The closeness to the store A may be measured, e.g., s i =w ij /p i . Here S 3 =w 33 /p 3 =3 and S 3 =w 63 /p 3 =8, proving parking space  18  marked with numeral  3  to be preferred as being closer to the customer&#39;s preference. 
   For every vehicle that enters the garage, the matrix multiplication S=W×P is performed. The S vector is of size L, the number of available parking spaces, and provides the preference score for each parking space  18 . The optimum unoccupied parking space  18  corresponds to the highest value row of matrix S. As described above, each parking space is described in the matrix W  70 , by descriptors w ij , where (i) is the parking space number and (j) is the pre-assigned preference number or weight of the descriptor. 
   Tickets 
   As discussed above, the garage operator enters data  28  describing the descriptors of each parking space  18  into a matrix W  70 . To determine available parking spaces, rows in matrix W  70  representing filled parking spaces (as determined by parking space sensors  20 ) are temporarily replaced with zeros. The customer preference information is accepted through peripheral devices connected to customer interface  26  preferably placed near the entrance  17  to the garage  12 . Alternatively, customer preference information may be provided through the use of customer&#39;s PC&#39;s, land-line telephones, cell phone, or PDA&#39;s indicated by numeral  24  to access the customer interface  26  to the computing device  22  of the parking guidance system  10 . 
   In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, shown in  FIG. 6 , the customer preference information may be provided to the interface  26  via a computing device  94  built in to the dashboard of the vehicle  14 .  FIGS. 7 and 8  illustrate the interaction between such computing device  94  built into the dashboard and the central computer  22  executing the parking guidance system  10 . First, as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the customer interface  26  may include a database processor  96  connected to a power source  98 , a web server  100  for receiving requests via the Internet, parking sensors  102 , vehicle sensors  104 , a transmitter  106  and a receiver  108 . The vehicle computing device  94  includes a processor  110  connected to a power source  112 , a video display  114 , an input peripheral  116 , and a receiver  118  and a transmitter  120 . 
     FIG. 8  illustrates the interaction between the central computing device  22  and the customer interface  26 . The central computing device  22  includes a processor  32  connected to a power source  124 , the video display  50 , the input peripherals  58 , a printer  123 ; and two components of the communications interface  44  a receiver  126  and transmitter  128 . 
   To receive an assignment of a parking space  18  the customer must submit his or her preference information to the central computer  22 . This is achieved by entering information to the processor  110  through the input peripherals  116 . The processor  110  then passes the information to the transmitter  120 , which communicates the information via a signal  122  to a receiver  108  of the customer interface  26  and through it into the database processor  96 . The database processor  98  passes the information to its transmitter  106 , which communicates the information via a signal  130  to a receiver  126  of the central computer  22  and through it into the processor  32 . 
   After the, parking space determination is made as described above, the tickets describing the allocated parking space  18  and direction to it along with any possible promotional information, may be forwarded to the customer at the vehicle device  94  and displayed on the video display  114 . This is accomplished as the processor  32  passes the ticket information to the transmitter  128 , which transmits a signal  132  including the information to the receiver  102  of the customer interface  26  and into the database processor  96 . The database processor  96  then passes the ticket information to the transmitter  106 , which transmits a signal  134  includes the information to a receiver  118  of the vehicle device  94  and the processor  110 . The processor  110  then displays the ticket to the customer on the video display  114 . The forwarded ticket  29  may be retrieved by the customer from the interface  26  or sent to the customer&#39;s e-mail address or, using infrared technology such as bluetooth, to his/her cell phone or a PDA. 
   Statistics, such as the number of requests for a particular store or handicap parking, or continuous availability of free parking spaces in a particular area of the garage, may be calculated via data saved in the storage device  52 . Such information may prove useful in controlling traffic within the garage. Additionally, when a number of malls utilize the parking guidance system  10 , mall crowding can be controlled by informing customers who contact the parking guidance system  10  of one mall that another nearby identical mall has more favorable parking availability. 
     FIG. 9  is a flowchart showing the operation of the parking guidance system of the present invention. After starting in step S 170 , the parking guidance system  10  loads matrix W of parking space descriptors in step S 172 . In step S 174  the system determines if the vehicle seeking the parking space is new to the system, e.g., has not yet been assigned a parking space. Vehicles previously assigned parking spaces will not be considered. In step S 176  the car size is determined by sensors installed in the garage. Alternatively, the car size is provided by the customer together with other preference information such as near what store does the customer would like to park provided in step S 178 . 
   In step S 180  the parking guidance system  10  determines the score of each parking space according to the formula S=W×P. This formula and its individual components are described above. In step S 1182  all the parking spaces currently occupied are eliminated from consideration by setting their corresponding row entries in matrix W to zero. If it is determined in step S 184  that there are no available parking spaces in the garage, this will be reported to the customer via a display in step S 186 . If on the other hand parking spaces are available, the list of available parking spaces is sorted in step S 188  and is displayed in step S 190 . Additionally, a ticket with the parking space number may be printed in step S 1192  and made available to the customer. 
   From the above description it can be seen that the parking guidance system  10  of the present invention is able to overcome the shortcomings of prior art devices. 
   It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find useful application in other types of methods differing from the type described above. 
   While certain novel features of this invention have been shown and described and are pointed out in the annexed claims, it is not intended to be limited to the details above, since it will be understood that various omissions, modifications, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the device illustrated and in its operation can be made by those skilled in the art without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention. 
   Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.