Abstract:
An access control system responds to both a user&#39;s access data and information as to the presence of one or more individuals in a region. A determination can be automatically made that an authorized individual, or an unauthorized individual, or, an intruder has been detected. The security level can be adjusted in response to the class of the individual seeking access.

Description:
FIELD 
       [0001]    The invention pertains to regional access control systems and methods. More particularly, the invention pertains to such systems and methods where individuals in a region are sensed and identified and responsive thereto, a security level and alarm state of the region can be adjusted. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Various types of door, or, regional access control systems are known. One such system is disclosed in US Published Patent Application No. 2008/0086758 A1 published Apr. 10, 2008 and entitled, “Decentralized Access Control Framework.” The &#39;758 application is assigned to the Assignee hereof and incorporated by reference. 
         [0003]    While known systems have been effective for their intended purpose, open issues remain. For example, traditional access control systems can not detect if an unauthorized cardholder has ‘piggybacked’ into a secure area, and thus they do not increase the level of security in the area and sub-areas. Further, known intrusion systems can identify if a person is in a secure area, but they can not accurately identify whether the person is a valid cardholder. This problem may occur when an employee is working late, and the intrusion system is turned on while he/she is still in the building or region being monitored. Finally, if the intrusion system is set up to disarm when a valid card holder enters an area, then the level of security in that area is reduced. 
         [0004]    In would be desirable to address the above noted issues so as to provide more effective security to a monitored region than is currently available. It would also be desirable to do so in a way such that existing systems might be upgradable. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0005]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of a stand-alone access control system which embodies the invention; 
           [0006]      FIG. 2  is a diagram of a multi-controller system which embodies the invention; 
           [0007]      FIG. 3  a block diagram of a door mountable access control unit which can be used in the systems of  FIGS. 1  or  2 ; 
           [0008]      FIG. 4  a diagram of a monitored region illustrating details of the present invention; and 
           [0009]      FIGS. 5-9  illustrate aspects of processing by control units, such as in  FIG. 3 , which embody the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0010]    While embodiments of this invention can take many different forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown in the drawings and will be described herein in detail with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention, as well as the best mode of practicing same, and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiment illustrated. 
         [0011]    In a disclosed embodiment of the invention, card holders and intruders within an area are identified. Identified individuals can be classified as authorized, unauthorized or an unrecognized intruder. Control of the area, or, region can then be based on the identification and classification of the individual(s). 
         [0012]    A method which embodies the invention classifies individuals as they enter, exit, and are present in monitored areas with different levels of security and alarm states. In accordance therewith, situations can be automatically established in which certain alarm states may be indicated, and the security level of an area may be raised or lowered automatically. 
         [0013]    A system which embodies the invention identifies known personnel as they pass through one or more areas. Access can be provided by various forms of credentials. These include without limitation, contact-type or wireless access cards, or physiological characteristics or the like, all without limitation. 
         [0014]    For example, battery-assisted passive (BAP) access cards can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Such access cards can communicate with door controllers as well as access points in an area. If an access card is communicating with an access point, then it is assumed that the card holder is within a predefined area of the access point. Other forms of identification devices come within the spirit and scope of the invention. 
         [0015]    In another example, physiological, or biometric, identification devices such as solid state cameras can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Such identification devices can communicate with video surveillance controllers which process physiological data of individuals in an area. If the physiological data of an individual in an area matches pre-recorded data of a known individual, then it is assumed that a card holder is within a predefined area of the physiological identification device. 
         [0016]    Additionally, the presence of a person within a given area, regardless of whether or not they are a card holder can be established. Motion, or, intrusion sensors can be incorporated in accordance with the invention. The intrusion sensor or sensors is/are positioned to monitor the same area as a corresponding access point or door controller. Hence, motion around an access point or door may be detected. 
         [0017]    In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, areas and sub-areas that are monitored by both an access point and an intrusion sensor can be defined. When the intrusion sensor detects a person in the area, the system can place the individual into one of three categories: 
         [0018]    An authorized individual is a person carrying a valid credential, such as a card, and is allowed in the area; 
         [0019]    An unauthorized individual is a person carrying an identifiable credential, or card, but is not allowed in the area; and 
         [0020]    An unrecognized individual is a person without a credential, such as an intruder. 
         [0021]    Depending on the categorization of the individual embodiments of the invention can control the alarm state or change a security level of an area or group of areas. For example, the security level of an area and its sub-areas may remain constant if authorized personnel are moving in the area. In an aspect of the invention, an intrusion alarm system for an area would not need to be disabled when valid personnel are in the area. Any event generated from the movement of authorized personnel would be shunted and not emitted or transmitted to a common control unit or other control units, such as an intrusion controller or video surveillance controller. 
         [0022]    In yet another aspect of the invention, the security level(s) of sub-areas may be controlled by the presence of a particular authorized individual. For example, the security level of a medicine cabinet in a pharmacy may decrease when the supervisor is within a certain distance of the cabinet, and this decrease may unlock the cabinet or allow access to trainees. The security level may then automatically increase again when the supervisor walks away from the cabinet. 
         [0023]    In a further aspect of the invention, a high security area or sub-area may be locked down if an unauthorized person enters the area. For example, an unauthorized person may ‘piggyback’ on an authorized person through a portal and gain access to a secure area. If this occurs, in accordance with the invention, the security level of the area can automatically be increased to the level of ‘lockdown’ in the secure area and its sub-areas. Alternatively, the coverage and responses of intrusion alarm and video surveillance controllers may be altered if an unauthorized person is in a secure area. 
         [0024]    Alternately, systems or methods which embody the invention can increase the security level of an area or group of areas upon the detection of an intruder. This event occurs when motion is detected in an area, and there is not an authorized individual in the area. The security level may increase to the level of ‘lockdown,’ and an alarm may be raised. 
         [0025]    In another embodiment, a security level may be increased, or, an alarm may be raised in an area, or region in response to the triggering of a ‘distress’ or personal emergency event. Such events are often manually triggered by an individual needing emergency assistance in response to accidental physical danger or intentional violence. However these events may also be triggered by the occurrence of personal industrial hazards such as the activation of fall arresting gear. Distress events may be triggered in other various ways as would be understood by those of skill in the art. 
         [0026]    In yet another embodiment, the security levels may be controlled between areas to prevent the interaction of a threat with credential carrying personnel. The threat may be identified through the intrusion system or a supplementary system that generates known alarms. For example, if a fire is identified in an area of a building, then the security level may be controlled so that credential carrying personnel may only exit the area and not enter it. The security level of other areas may also be controlled, which would funnel all credential carrying personnel to safety in the quickest way possible. Other examples of threats that may initiate this automated security level control could include armed intruders, chemical spills or contamination, all without limitation. Likewise the security level of other areas may also be controlled, so as to enable the access and infrastructure (e.g. lighting, HVAC, etc.) needed by emergency responders to such events in order to re-establish security and/or safety. 
         [0027]      FIG. 1  illustrates one form of a stand-alone system  10  which embodies the invention. In system  10 , a wireless door controller is mounted on a door D to control access to a region which is closed, or blocked by the door D. A wireless card  14  can be used to cause controller  12  to release, or unlock door D for access by an individual in possession of card  14 . 
         [0028]    In a stand alone mode, as in  FIG. 1 , an associated sensor  16  of an intrusion detection system  18  can detect the presence of one or more individuals/intruders in the vicinity of the door D. As discussed below, sensor  16  could be incorporated into controller  12  which could be coupled to system  18  wirelessly or via a wired medium. 
         [0029]      FIG. 2  illustrates a multiple door/region access control system  20 . System  20  includes a wireless door controller  22  carried by a door D 1  which provides access to a respective region. 
         [0030]    Controller  22 , in addition to responding to a wireless access card  24  to provide access to the respective region, can also be in wireless communication, via repeaters  28   a,b  with a control unit or panel  30 . It will be understood that controller  22  can operate substantially in a stand-alone mode and provide access via door D 1  and feed access related data to unit  30 , or can communicate information as to card  24  to unit  30  to obtain authorization to release door D 1 , all without limitation. 
         [0031]    Control unit  30  can include control circuits  32 . Circuits  32  can be implemented in part by a programmable processor  32   a , associated control software  32   b , executed by processor  32   a  and a wireless interface  32   c  for communication with controller  22 . System  20  can also include a plurality of additional controllers, indicated generally at  36 , which provide access to different regions than does controller  22 . 
         [0032]    One or more intrusion sensors, such as motion sensor  28  can be located in the vicinity of access controller  22 , or configured as part of controller  22 . Sensors such as sensor  28  can be coupled to an intrusion sensing system, such as system  40  which can also be in communication with control panel  30 . A fire alarm system, such as  44 , coupled to one or both systems  30 ,  40  can provide audible/visible alarms in the region being monitored indicative of detected individuals in the absence of authorization. 
         [0033]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary controller  40 , comparable to controllers  20 ,  22 ,  36 . Controller  40  can include a door mountable housing  42 . Housing  42  can carry control circuits  44  which can include a programmed processor  46   a  and associated radio or transceiver  46   b  for wireless communication via antenna  46   c.    
         [0034]    Housing  42  can also carry a short range capacitive motion sensor  48   a  and a longer range motion sensor, for example a passive infra-red-type sensor  48   b . Other types of sensors of individuals, such as thermal sensors, solid state cameras with associated processing to detect motion, without limitation, come within the spirit and scope of the invention. Further as noted above, such sensors can but need not be incorporated into the respective access control unit. 
         [0035]    Outputs from one or both sensors  48  a, b in combination with information from an associated wireless card, such as  14 , or  24 , can be used by circuitry  44  to determine if a respective door, such as D or D 1  should be released, or access levels changed, as described above in accordance with the invention. Such sensors can also be used, in combination with local processing, or processing by intrusion sensing system  40  in identifying intruders. Where motion as been sensed, but no authorized credential carrying personnel are in the area, the motion would have been caused by an intruder. 
         [0036]    It will be understood that the controller  40  is exemplary only and other variations or configurations, including wired controllers come within the spirit and scope of the invention. Similarly, the particular details of the type of card being used to obtain access are not limitations of the invention. For example, RFID-type cards as well as optical or magnetic cards all come within the spirit and scope of the invention. 
         [0037]      FIGS. 4-9  illustrate methods, or processing which embody the present invention and which could be carried out by controllers, such as controller  40 .  FIG. 4  illustrates multiple controlled areas, or, regions. Areas  1 ,  2  represent relatively low security areas. Areas  3 ,  4  represent higher security areas. Areas  1 - 4  are accessed by respective Portals which provide access via one or more respective doors, such as D, or D 1 . Each of the portals has an associated access control system, such as the unit  22 -I, and at least one local intrusion or motion sensor, such as  28 -I as discussed above relative to  FIGS. 2 ,  3 . 
         [0038]    The access control units  22 -I could be coupled (wired or wirelessly) to control unit  30 . The intrusion sensors could be coupled to system  40 , discussed above. Sensors  28 -I can be included in, or displaced from respective access control units  22 - i . As would be understood by those of skill in the art, multiple intrusion sensors can be installed throughout areas  1 - 4  as appropriate without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Regions illustrated in  FIGS. 5-9  include the access control units and intrusion sensors as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . 
         [0039]      FIG. 5  illustrates that the security level of an area and its sub-areas can be maintained constant in the presence of an authorized individual, or, card holder. A sensor such as  28 - i  in combination with information from a respective card such as  24  and access control unit  22 -I can enable the card holder to enter a region with an active intrusion alarm without setting off the alarm. 
         [0040]      FIG. 6  illustrates control of the security level of a sub-area in response to the present of an authorized individual. An individual with a higher security level can alter the security level of a sub-area thereby enabling someone of a lower security level to have access to an internal, higher security region but only when in the presence of the person having a high security level. 
         [0041]      FIG. 7  illustrates locking down a high security area or sub-area(s) in response to an unauthorized card holder entering the area, perhaps along with a person having a higher security level.  FIG. 8  illustrates locking down and increasing the security level of an area upon detection of an intruder.  FIG. 9  illustrates increasing security in an area or generating an alarm where an intruder uses proximity to a higher security individual to gain access to a secure area, and the higher security level individual can create a “distress event” alerting the unit  40 . 
         [0042]    Alternatives to the card based access control units, such as  22 - i , also come within the spirit and scope of the invention. These include without limitation, access control units with key pads, or that recognize one or more physiological, or biometric, characteristics of an individual such as fingerprints, retinal prints, facial characteristics, speech and the like all without limitation. Sensors can include video, or other forms of cameras without limitation. 
         [0043]    Thus embodiments of the invention can sense that an individual is present. The individual can then be identified. One or more sensors can be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The details of such sensors are not limitations of the invention. 
         [0044]    From the foregoing, it will be observed that numerous variations and modifications may be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is to be understood that no limitation with respect to the specific apparatus illustrated herein is intended or should be inferred. It is, of course, intended to cover by the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the scope of the claims.