Abstract:
A static logic circuit with a pull-up network ( 155 ) and a pull-down network ( 160 ). The network is fabricated on SOI substrates and the pull-up network comprises at least one NMOS transistor ( 115 ) and the pull down network comprises at least one PMOS transistor ( 120 ).

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The invention is generally related to the field of logic circuits and more specifically to a novel design methodology for achieving faster circuits with a more compact circuit layout.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Designing small, fast, low-power, and reliable logic circuits is becoming more difficult with scaling. Integrated logic circuits on silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates are beginning to find increasing usage in an effort to achieve these goals. SOI refers to a silicon substrate where the top layer (in which the devices are fabricated) is separated from the “bulk” portion of the substrate by a insulator layer. This can be contrasted with bulk silicon substrates which have no buried insulator layer. In bulk CMOS circuits, NMOS transistors are fabricated in p-type wells and PMOS devices are formed in n-type wells with both well structures formed in the substrate. These well structures provide the electrical isolation required between the NMOS and PMOS transistors in CMOS logic circuits. The spacing requirement of these well structures for proper electrical isolation in bulk CMOS logic circuit fabrication has led to grouping of NMOS and PMOS transistors to maximize circuit density. In bulk CMOS circuits, basic transistor networks performing logic functions can be classified as the following three types: pull-up network (PUN), which conditionally forms a current path between the output node and the circuit power supply, pull-down network (PDN), which conditionally forms a current path between the output node and the circuit ground, and pass-transistor network (PTN), which conditionally forms a current path between the output node and the pass inputs. In general only PMOS transistors are used in a PUN, as shown in FIG. 1( a ), only NMOS transistors are used in a PDN, as shown in FIG. 1( b ), and only PMOS or only NMOS transistors are used in a PTN, as shown in FIG. 1( c ). In FIG. 1( a ) the PUN  15  comprises a circuit of PMOS transistors. The input terminals  25  represent the logic input terminals. Given certain input logic signals, the PUN will force the output  10  to approach the supply voltage V DD    5 . In FIG. 1( b ), the PDN  20  comprises a circuit of NMOS transistors. For certain input logic signals applied to the PDN input terminals  26 , the PDN will force the voltage on the output terminal  12  to approach the voltage V SS    30 . In most cases the voltage V SS  is the circuit ground voltage of zero volts. In FIG. 1( c ) the first PTN  50  comprises PMOS transistors and the second PTN  55  comprises NMOS transistors. For certain control signals applied to the control inputs  45 , either the first PTN  50 , the second PTN  55 , or both will pass the signal on the input terminals  40  through to the output terminal  35 . In early NMOS logic circuits, both enhancement and depletion mode NMOS transistors were used as pull up devices. In these NMOS circuits however, the gate of the enhancement transistor was connected to a fixed voltage (usually the supply voltage) and the gate of the depletion transistor was connected to the output node.  
           [0003]    Conventional SOI logic circuits are based on bulk CMOS logic with conventional SOI circuits and bulk CMOS circuits sharing the same circuit topology. Thus in conventional SOI logic circuits, only PMOS transistors are used in a PUN, only NMOS transistors are used in a PDN, and only PMOS or only NMOS transistors are used in a PTN. This circuit layout and design methodology while optimized for bulk CMOS circuits does not take full advantage of the unique properties of SOI substrates. A new circuit design methodology is therefore required that fully utilizes the properties of SOI substrates for CMOS logic circuits.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    The static logic circuit described here maximizes the advantages obtained from using SOI substrates. The instant invention comprises static logic circuits with pull-down networks comprised of PMOS transistors and pull-up networks comprising NMOS transistors. In particular the instant invention is a static logic circuit on a SOI substrate, comprising: a pull-up network comprising a plurality of parallel connected MOS transistors with a first and second common node, wherein at least one of said plurality of parallel connected MOS transistors is a NMOS transistor and at least one of said plurality of parallel connected MOS transistors is a PMOS transistor; a circuit supply voltage which is connected to said first common node of said pull-up network; a pull-down network which is connected to said second common node of said pull-up network; and an output node which is connected to said second common node of said pull-up network. In addition, the pull-down network comprises a plurality of series connected MOS transistors connected to a circuit ground; at least one of said plurality of series connected MOS transistors is a NMOS transistor and at least one of said plurality of series connected MOS transistors is a PMOS transistor; at least one of said MOS transistors in said pull-up network has a gate tied to a floating substrate body and; at least one of said MOS transistors in said pull-down network has a gate tied to a floating substrate body.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0005]    In the drawings:  
         [0006]    FIGS.  1 A- 1 C are circuit diagrams showing conventional CMOS pull-up networks (PUN) and pull-down networks (PDN) respectively.  
         [0007]    [0007]FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional views illustrating NMOS and PMOS transistors on an SOI substrate  
         [0008]    [0008]FIG. 3 is a SOI logic static circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the instant invention.  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 4 is a SOI logic static circuit diagram showing a further embodiment of the instant invention.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 5 is a SOI logic static circuit diagram showing a further embodiment of the instant invention.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 6 is a SOI logic static circuit diagram showing a further embodiment of the instant invention. 
     
    
       [0012]    Common reference numerals are used throughout the figures to represent like or similar features. The figures are not drawn to scale and are merely provided for illustrative purposes.  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0013]    While the following description of the instant invention revolves around FIGS.  1 - 6 , the instant invention can be utilized in any semiconductor device structure. The methodology of the instant invention provides a design methodology for logic circuits.  
         [0014]    As shown in FIG. 2, the source/drain p-region  60  of a PMOS transistor can abut a source/drain n-region  65  of a NMOS transistor. In this scheme, the contact or silicide  70  that connects the p-region  60  and the n-region  65  can be optional in the “logic” sense if the p-n junction between the p-region  60  and the n-region  65  is never reversed biased. Unlike bulk CMOS technology, therefore, in SOI technology the physical connection of a PMOS transistor and an NMOS transistor along their source/drain regions consumes a silicon area that is compatible to the connection of two NMOS transistors or two PMOS transistors along their source/drain diffusions. Based on this unique property of SOI technology, a new logic for SOI termed here as “SOI logic” is defined in which both NMOS and PMOS transistors can be used in a basic transistor network. Specifically, NMOS transistors can be used in a PUN in addition to PMOS transistors and PMOS transistors can be used in a PDN in addition to NMOS transistors. In SOI logic, the gate terminals of the NMOS transistors in the PUN are not connected to a fixed voltage or the output terminal of the PUN. In addition to PUNs and PDNs, both NMOS and PMOS transistors can be used in a PTN. The buried dielectric layer  90  and the underlying substrate  100  are also illustrated in FIG. 2 along with the transistor gate dielectric  70 , gate electrode  80 , and sidewall structures  85 .  
         [0015]    SOI logic is a true superset of the bulk CMOS logic. In other words, any circuit topology in bulk CMOS logic also belongs to SOI logic; however, some circuit topologies in SOI logic do not belong to bulk CMOS logic. In addition to having low-power consumption and high reliability, it is important that SOI logic circuits consume minimum space on the wafer. In the design and layout of SOI logic circuits the following guidelines will aid in achieving minimum layout space. In a series connected transistor string in a basic transistor network, separately group the PMOS transistors and the NMOS transistors as much as possible to minimize the number of contacts or silicide areas that connect the p-regions of the PMOS transistors and the n-regions of the NMOS transistors. In a series connected transistor string in a PUN or a PDN, place all the PMOS transistors above the NMOS transistors, such that the contact or silicide connecting the PMOS and NMOS transistor source/drain regions is not needed, minimizing the layout area. In addition to layout area, circuit performance can be improved using low threshold voltage techniques such as electrically connecting the transistor gate to the floating body of the SOI transistor. The gate-to-body connection can be applied to the NMOS transistors and PMOS transistors in a PUN, the PMOS transistors and NMOS transistors in a PDN, and both the PMOS and NMOS transistors in a PTN. The gate-to-body connection utilizes the body effect of the MOSFET transistor to lower the threshold voltage thus improving the transistor performance.  
         [0016]    In general, digital circuits can be divided into two groups, static and dynamic circuits. Dynamic circuits can be further subdivided into one-phase “domino” circuits, two-phase ratioed, and ratioless circuits. Ratioless dynamic circuits can be further divided into two-phase and four-phase circuits. Logic networks generally comprise combinational and sequential networks. Combinational networks comprise gates and programmable logic arrays, and sequential networks comprise latches, registers, counters, and read-write memory. Combinational logic networks operate without the need of any periodic clock signals. However all but the very smallest digital systems require sequential as well as combinational logic. As a practical matter, all systems employing sequential logic require the use of periodic clock signals for correctly synchronized operation. In static SOI logic circuits, combinational or sequential, clock signals are introduced only at normal gate inputs, identical to those used for logic inputs.  
         [0017]    An embodiment of the instant invention for a SOI static logic circuit is illustrated in FIG. 3. This embodiment has an output logic function of {overscore (A·)}{double overscore  (B)}  135  and logic inputs A  145  and B  150 . The PUN  155  comprises the parallel connection of a NMOS transistor  115  and a PMOS transistor  110 . This parallel connection results in a pair of common circuit nodes  132  and  134 . Circuit node  132  is connected to the supply voltage V DD    130 . Circuit node  134  is connected to the output  135  and the PDN  160 . As illustrated in FIG. 3, both the NMOS transistor  115  and the PMOS transistor  110  which comprise the PUN  160  provide potential conductive paths from the supply voltage V DD    130  to the output node  135 . The PDN  160  comprises a series connection of a PMOS transistor  120  and a NMOS transistor  125 . These transistors  125 ,  120  provide a potential conductive path from the output node  135  to the circuit ground  140 . This is to be contrasted with a bulk CMOS circuit implementing the same logic function where the PUN will generally comprise only PMOS transistors and the PDN comprise NMOS transistors. The circuit of FIG. 3 can be extended to any number of PMOS and NMOS transistors in the PUN and the PDN. In addition, the circuit shown in FIG. 3 could be a subset of a larger circuit. Thus logic inputs A  145  and B  150  could be provided by addition circuitry  162  and the logic output  135  could be connected to the other circuits  164 .  
         [0018]    A further embodiment of the instant invention for a SOI static logic circuit is illustrated in FIG. 4. This embodiment has an output logic function of A+B at the output node  200  from logic inputs A  190  and B  195 . The PUN  175  comprises the parallel connection of NMOS transistors  165  and  170 . This parallel connection results in a pair of common circuit nodes  172  and  174 . Circuit node  172  is connected to the supply voltage V DD    180 . Circuit node  174  is connected to the output node  200  and the PDN  185 . As illustrated in FIG. 3, both the NMOS transistors  165  and  170  which comprise the PUN  175  provide potential conductive paths from the supply voltage V DD    180  to the output node  200 . The PDN  185  comprises a series connection of a PMOS transistors  205  and  210 . The PMOS transistors  205  and  210  which comprise the PDN  185  provide a potential conductive path from the output node  200  to the circuit ground  215 . This is to be contrasted with a bulk CMOS circuit implementing the same logic function where the PUN will generally comprise only PMOS transistors and the PDN comprise NMOS transistors. The circuit of FIG. 4 can be extended to any number of PMOS and NMOS transistors in the PUN and the PDN. In addition, the circuit shown in FIG. 4 could be a subset of a larger circuit. Thus logic inputs A  190  and B  195  could be provided by addition circuitry  217  and the logic output  200  could be connected to the other circuits  219 .  
         [0019]    A further embodiment of the instant invention for a SOI static logic circuit is illustrated in FIG. 5. This embodiment has an output logic function of {overscore (A+)}{double overscore  (B)}  240  from logic inputs A  245  and B  250 . The PUN  230  comprises the series connection of PMOS transistor  220  and NMOS transistor  225 . The PMOS transistor  220  and the NMOS transistor  225  which comprise the PUN  230  provide a potential conductive path from the output node  240  to the circuit supply voltage  235 . The PDN  255  comprises a parallel connection of a NMOS transistor  265  and a PMOS transistor  260 . This parallel connection results in a pair of common circuit nodes  262  and  264 . Circuit node  264  is connected to the circuit ground  270 . Circuit node  262  is connected to the output node  240  and the PDN  230 . As illustrated in FIG. 5, both the NMOS transistor  265  and the PMOS transistor  260  which comprise the PDN  255  provide potential conductive paths from the circuit ground  270  to the output node  240 . This is to be contrasted with a bulk CMOS circuit implementing the same logic function where the PUN will generally comprise only PMOS transistors and the PDN comprise NMOS transistors. The circuit of FIG. 5 can be extended to any number of PMOS and NMOS transistors in the PUN and the PDN. In addition, the circuit shown in FIG. 5 could be a subset of a larger circuit. Thus logic inputs A  245  and B  250  could be provided by addition circuitry  272  and the logic output  240  could be connected to other circuits  274 .  
         [0020]    A further embodiment of the instant invention for a SOI static logic circuit is illustrated in FIG. 6. This embodiment has an output logic function of A·B  295  and logic inputs A  300  and B  305 . The PUN  280  comprises a series connection of NMOS transistors  285  and  290 . These transistors  285  and  290  provide a potential conductive path form the supply voltage V DD    275  to the output node  295 . The PDN  325  comprises a parallel connection of PMOS transistors  310  and  315 . This parallel connection results in a pair of common circuit nodes  312  and  314 . Circuit node  314  is connected to the circuit ground  320 . Circuit node  312  is connected to the output node  295  and the PUN  280 . As illustrated in FIG. 6, both the PMOS transistors  310  and  315  which comprise the PDN  255  provide potential conductive paths from the circuit ground  320  to the output node  295 . This is to be contrasted with a bulk CMOS circuit implementing the same logic function where the PUN will generally comprise only PMOS transistors and the PDN comprise NMOS transistors. As illustrated in FIG. 6, both the PMOS transistors  310  and  315  which comprise the PDN  325  are connected to the circuit ground  320  and provide potential conductive paths from the circuit ground  320  to the output node  295 . The NMOS transistors  285  and  290  which comprise the PUN  280  provide a potential conductive path from the output node  295  to the circuit supply voltage  275 . The circuit of FIG. 6 can be extended to any number of PMOS and NMOS transistors in the PUN and the PDN. Thus logic inputs A  300  and B  305  could be provided by addition circuitry  330  and the logic output  295  could be connected to other circuits  335 .  
         [0021]    As stated above, circuit performance of the static logic circuits of the instant invention can be improved using low threshold voltage techniques such as electrically connecting the transistor gate to the floating body of the SOI transistor. The gate-to-body connection can be applied to the NMOS transistors and PMOS transistors in a PUN, the PMOS transistors and NMOS transistors in a PDN, and both the PMOS and NMOS transistors in a PTN. The gate-to-body connection utilizes the body effect of the MOSFET transistor to lower the threshold voltage thus improving the transistor performance. The static logic circuits described in the instant invention can also be applied to bulk CMOS circuits. Thus the embodiments of the invention illustrated in FIGS.  3 - 6  can be applied to bulk substrates that do not have a buried dielectric layer. In the bulk CMOS embodiment of the instant invention, the source/drain diffusions of the PMOS transistor will not abut the source/drain diffusions of the NMOS transistor under current bulk CMOS transistor isolation schemes. The advantages gain by using the disclosed static logic design over existing bulk CMOS static logic designs will be in the speed and performance of the logic circuits.  
         [0022]    While this invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.