Abstract:
An arrangement for connecting chassis parts, in particular a screw connection, between a structure made of a fiber-plastic composite and a metallic load-introducing element, designed as a traction member. The structure is double-walled having a first wall and at least a second wall spaced from the first wall. The first and second walls have each coaxially positioned recesses and a spacer, having a through hole, is positioned between the first and second walls. The load-introducing element extends through at least one recess and the hole of the spacer. The load-introducing element has a holding part assigned to it, and the load-introducing element and the holding part are connected to one another by a connecting segment. The connecting segment and/or the holding part essentially pass through the first and/or the second wall.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a National Stage completion of PCT/EP2015/050383 filed Jan. 12, 2015, which claims priority from German patent application serial no. 10 2014 202 628.8 filed Feb. 13, 2014. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The invention concerns an assembly for connecting chassis components, in particular screw connections, between a structure of a fiber-plastic-composite (FPC) and a metallic load-introducing element, in particular designed as a traction member. The invention concerns also a wheel carrier for motor vehicle with an at least double-walled structure made from fiber-plastic-composite. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The term fiber-plastic-composite, abbreviated FPC, is meant to be plastic material which comprises a textile with long or endless fibers, for instance of glass or carbon, and on the other hand a matrix component which combines the fibers, for instance a resin. Instead of the term fiber-plastic-composite, the technical literature also uses the term fiber-composite- plastic, abbreviated as FOP. Such plastic material is characterized by a relatively low weight at a high strength and is increasingly applied in the construction of motor vehicles. Hereby, the problem occurs to connect the FPC structure with other parts, for instance load-introducing devices metallic based materials, in a way that the different material characteristics of plastic and metal are sufficiently considered. 
         [0004]    Through the publication DE 10 2007 053 120 A1, a wheel carrier for a motor vehicle is known, where its structure comprises a fiber composite material and which has several load-introducing elements. Herein, the load-introducing elements can be understood as being the support of a spring strut or the mounting of a joint bearing for a steering arm. The basic structure of the known wheel carrier is designed in a tub shape and comprises of a single deformed plastic wall. For the mounting of load-introducing elements, for instance steering arms, preferably recesses are provided in the plastic wall. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    It is an object of the present invention to reliably connect plastic structures, in particular made of fiber-plastic-composite, material appropriately with a load-introducing element which is in particular made of metal. 
         [0006]    Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to connect a fiber-plastic-composite structured wheel carrier with a metallic load-introducing element. 
         [0007]    The objectives of the invention are solved through the characteristics of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments result from the independent claims. 
         [0008]    In accordance with the invention, an assembly is created to connect chassis components between a structure of fiber-plastic-composite (FPC) and a metallic, in particular designed as traction element, load-introducing element, whereby the structure is designed as multi-walled, in particular double-walled, and which has a first wall whereby the first and the additional wall each have coaxially positioned recesses. The configuration further comprises that, between the first and the additional wall, a spacer with a through hole is positioned, whereby the load-introducing element extends at least into a recess and the through hole of the spacer. Hereby, the through hole can be manufactured through cutting, or erosion, or as a highly accurate fitting. The load-introducing element has an assigned holding element, whereby the load-introducing element and the holding element are connected with each other through a connecting segment, in particular as form-fit, friction -fit, and/or material fit, and whereby the connecting segment and/or the holding element are essentially passing through the first and/or the at least additional, second wall. The connecting segment can be designed as a threaded segment. In that case, the load-introducing element and the holding element have inner or outer threads, respectively, so that these parts can be screwed together with each other. 
         [0009]    Thus and in a first aspect of the invention, an assembly is hereby provided for the connection of chassis components with a load-introducing element and a holding element, whereby the load-introducing element and the holding element are connected with each other through a connecting section which is essentially positioned within the outer contours of the at least double-walled structure. On one hand, a construction space advantage is achieved, not only that the elements of the connecting assembly, in particular the holding element, do not essentially extend beyond the outer contour, but they are positioned within the multi-walled structure. Thus, the neighboring construction space at the outer contour of the structure can be used for other parts. Due to the multi-walled structure, comprising of a first and at least an additional, second wall positioned in a distance, the advantage is created that introduced torques and/or tension or compression forces, respectively, through the load-introducing element are accommodated by a force coupling, whereby in one wall mainly tensile forces occur and in an additional or other wall mainly compression forces occur. Bending stress, which it is especially damaging to a plastic structure, is therefore avoided. The load-introducing element is preferably designed as a tension member. In the structure which is made of fiber-plastic-composite, through holes are also provided to extend the holding element or the load-introducing element. These can be machined in. It is also possible that the through holes for the intended chassis component are created during production of the fiber-plastic composite by widening or spiking of the fiber material. It means that the fiber fabric, at the required locations for the through holes and prior to adding the plastic (for instance resin), is widened by a conical part, for instance a pin or a cone. it is hereby avoided that the fiber is cut in the area of the through hole, as it occurs in a machined through hole. 
         [0010]    In a preferred embodiment, the holding element is designed as a threaded sleeve which supports itself, directly or indirectly, in reference to the first wall and which extends with its threaded section into the space between the first and the second wall. Thus, a relatively flat outer contour of the first wall is created. The connection section is preferably form-fit designed as a threaded/screwed connection. Alternatively, a material-fit connection in form of a glued connection or welded connection can be selected. 
         [0011]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, the holding element is designed as an embedded nut, meaning that the nut, in reference to the outer contour of the first wall, is buried in the space between the first and the at least second wall. The countersunk nut supports itself hereby in reference to the first wall. 
         [0012]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, the holding element is designed as a cylinder head screw, preferably with an Allen or hexagonal socket, with the cylinder head screw indirectly supported relative to the first wall. Hereby, a flat outer contour is also created. 
         [0013]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, the load-introducing element is designed as a ball stud, whereby the ball head is positioned at the outside of the outer contour of the second wall and where it is part of an articulatable ball joint through which transverse forces can be introduced into the at least double-walled structure. 
         [0014]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, the ball stud has a substantially conical shaft or a cylindrical shaft. Thus, there is a possibility for a free of play, force or friction fit, respectively, accommodation in a respective tapered sleeve. 
         [0015]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, in particular the conical shaft (outer cone) of the ball stud is positioned in the recess, in particular the inner cone of a cone sleeve, where it is friction-fit supported under tensile loading. Radial and axial forces which act on the ball stud from the outside are therefore introduced free of play through the cone sleeve in the at least double-walled structure. 
         [0016]    In an additional preferred embodiment the holding element, in particular the threaded sleeve or the countersunk nut, has an inner thread while the bail stud has an outer thread at its end. The inner and the outer threads create, positioned inside of the double-walled structure, the connection segment, in particular the threaded segment. Hereby, space is gained in reference to the tension direction. 
         [0017]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, a blind hole with a polygonal cross-section is positioned in the load-introducing element, in particular the traction part, preferably in the ball stud and either in the end of the ball stud or the end of the thread. Preferably the blind hole has an inner hexagon or a hexagonal cross section so that, by means of a suitable installation tool, torque can be created at the traction member part for the purpose of a screw connection with the holding element. A construction space gain is hereby achieved in the tension direction, meaning in the longitudinal direction of the ball stud. 
         [0018]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, the holding element and in particular the threaded sleeve, has a collar which is supported directly or indirectly in reference to the first wall. The tension force which results from the ball stud is hereby transferred through the collar of the threaded sleeve to the outer surface of the first wall. 
         [0019]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, the countersunk nut is indirectly supported in reference to the first wall through a collar sleeve, meaning that the countersunk nut supports itself on the collar sleeve and the hollow sleeve supports itself in reference to the first wall, which also creates a flat construction method. The countersunk nut can be tightened or loosened by means of a socket wrench. 
         [0020]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, the cylinder head screw which is designed as the holding element, has an outer thread and the ball stud which is designed as the traction member has an inner thread which creates with the outer thread of the cylinder head screw, the threaded section which is positioned within the double-walled structure. The head of the cylinder head screw is almost completely countersunk in reference to the outer contour of the first wall. 
         [0021]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, a first disc with a micro-toothed surface is positioned between the collar of the threaded sleeve, which is designed as the holding element, and the first wall and which presses into the first wall which has a softer surface. Hereby the advantage of an increase of the friction coefficient between metal and plastic is achieved. Micro toothed surfaces are already known, for instance from “Konstruktion 2013”, page 62-65 (H.Schürmann, H.Elter: Beitrag zur Gestaltung von Schraubverbindungen bei Laminaten aus Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunden), In the case of the preferred screw connection, the increase of the friction coefficient creates an increase of the friction (parallel to the wall surface) so that, during the same preload force of the traction member, a larger force couple is available for accommodating the load torque which is initiated from the outside. 
         [0022]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, the conical sleeve has a collar which is supported relative to the second wall. Thus, axial forces of the ball stud, especially resulting from the preload with the holding element, are transferred to the second wall through the collar of the cone sleeve. 
         [0023]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, a second disc with a micro-toothed surface is positioned between the collar of the cone sleeve and the second wall. Thus, the resulting friction force also creates an increase of the friction coefficient at the outer surface of the second wall, so that a larger force couple counteracts the load torque. Altogether, the load torque which is introduced through the ball stud into the multi-walled, in particular double-walled, structure is transferred by either friction-fit or also by form-fit, whereby the form-fit functions as a quasi reserve or safety, respectively, if the friction-fit fails (changes from static friction to sliding friction). 
         [0024]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, the countersunk cylinder head screw is supported by a collar sleeve with respect to the first wall, meaning indirectly. The cylinder head screw is supported with respect to a collar of the collar sleeve, and the collar sleeve is supported by a second collar with respect to the first wall. A low profile construction is hereby achieved, which also needs little construction space from the radial view point. 
         [0025]    In an additional, preferred embodiment, the holding element, in particular the collar of the threaded sleeve, has surfaces or openings, where at the perimeter or in its opening or recesses, respectively, a form-fit mounting tool can be applied to, whereby the mounting tool, in particular exclusively, is used for the installation and the creation of the preload for the screw connection. 
         [0026]    In a second aspect of the invention, load elements are attached to a wheel carrier for motor vehicles, in a fiber-plastic-composite construction, by means of the inventive configuration for a connection of chassis components, in particular a screw connection. It is hereby preferably a wheel carrier and is in accordance with an older application by the applicant with the official file number DE 10 2013 209 987.8, and the contents of which are fully incorporated by reference thereto, into the disclosure of the present application. The wheel carrier in the old the application has a first shell, designed as inner shell, and at least an additional, second outer shell, designed as a wall so that a multi-walled, in particular in double-walled structure is created, and to which by means of the configuration for the connection of chassis components, in particular screw connection, load-introducing elements, preferably metallic ball studs can be attached. A control arm and a steering rod are preferably attached to the ball stud and which introduce lateral forces or torques, respectively, into the structure of the wheel carrier. Due to the inventive connection, in particular the screw connection, the FPC structure of the wheel carrier is hereby relatively minimally stressed and minimally deformed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0027]    Embodiment examples of the invention are presented in the drawings and described in more detail below and from which further characteristics and/or advantages can result. These show: 
           [0028]      FIG. 1  a first embodiment example of the invention for a school connection between a FPC structure and a ball stud, 
           [0029]      FIG. 2  a second embodiment example for a screw connection. 
           [0030]      FIG. 3  a third embodiment example for a screw connection, 
           [0031]      FIG. 4  a fourth embodiment example for a screw connection, 
           [0032]      FIG. 5  a fifth embodiment example for a school connection, and 
           [0033]      FIG. 6  a wheel carrier in a FPC construction with the screw connection. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0034]      FIG. 1  shows an inventive screw connection  1  between a double-walled structure, comprising a first wall  2  as well as a second wall  3 , and a load-introducing element  4 , designed as a metallic ball stud  4 . The first wall  2  and the second wall  3  of the double-walled structure are designed with a fiber-plastic-composite (FPC) which is manufactured with long or endless fibers and a matrix component of an artificial resin. The fibers create hereby a textile, for instance a fabric with a load matching alignment of the fibers. Such FPC structures are known from the state of the art whereby partially also the designation fiber-composite-plastic (FPC) is common. The double-walled structure  2 ,  3 , only partially shown, is part of a larger component into which forces from another, unillustrated, component are induced through the load-introducing element  4 . The ball stud  4  has a longitudinal axis a, ball head  4   a,  conical shaft  4   b,  as well as an outer thread  4   c.  The first wall  2  has a recess  2   a  and the second wall  3  has a recess  3   a.  A spacer  5  is positioned between the first wall  2  and the second wall  3  and has, coaxial to the longitudinal axis a, a through hole  5   a.  A threaded sleeve  6  is inserted into the recess  2   a  of the first wall  2 , and has an inner thread  6   a  and a collar  6   b.  The outer thread  4   c  of the ball stud  4  is screwed to the inner thread  6   a  of the threaded sleeve  6  and forms a threaded section  7 . A cone sleeve  8  inserted into the recess  3   a  of the second wall  3  and extends with its cylindrical shaft into the through hole  5   a  of the spacer  5 . The conical sleeve  8  has an inner cone  8   a  and a flange  8   b.  The cone shaped shaft  4   b  or outer cone  4   b  is placed free of play in the inner cone  8   a  and is kept there friction-fit. The first wall  2  has an outer surface  2   b,  also called the outer contour  2   b,  and the second wall  3  has an outer surface  3   b,  also called outer contour  3   b.  Directly at the outer surface  2   b  is a first disc  9  positioned with a micro-toothed surface  9   a,  while at the outer surface  3   b  of the second wall  3   a,  a second disc  10  is positioned with a micro-toothed surface  10   a.  The first and the second discs  9 ,  10  are metal discs, their micro-toothed surfaces  9   a,    10   a  grab into the plastic surfaces  2   b,    3   b  and therefore increase the friction coefficient. This effect is known from the previously mentioned documentation “Konstruktion 2013”, page 62-66. In the collar  6   b  which is placed on the first disc  9  are, distributed across the perimeter, bores  6   c  positioned into which studs  11   a  of an installation tool  11  engage. At the front end of the ball stud  4  is a blind hole  4   d  positioned with a polygon cross-section, Allen or hexagonal socket, into which an appropriate installation tool (Allen wrench) can be inserted. 
         [0035]    For the creation of a force loadable screw connection, the ball stud  4  and the rotatably positioned threaded sleeve  6  are screwed together through the threaded section  7  and tensioned, wherein the tightening torque is applied by the installation tool  11  and the holding torque by the inner hexagon  4   d.  The thus created biasing and tensile force in the direction of the longitudinal axis a now cause the micro-toothed surfaces  9   a,    10   a  to press into the outer surfaces  2   b,    3   b.  The first wall  2  is supported with respect to the second wall  3  by the spacer  5  which can be made from metal or plastic. Lateral forces, meaning substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis a of the FPC structure  2 ,  3 , are here introduced by way of the ball head  4   a,  meaning that the structure  2 ,  3  is loaded with a torque. This loading torque is accommodated through a couple of forces comprising friction forces which are present in the planes of the outer surfaces  2   a,    2   b.  Thus, there is a relatively low load for the double-walled structure  2 ,  3 . As it can be seen from the drawing, the threaded section  7  is essentially, that is to say a large portion thereof, positioned within the outer contour  2   b,  meaning that only at relatively small portion of the threaded section  7  and the threaded sleeve  6  extend beyond the outer contour  2   b . The fastening of the load-introducing element  4  is therefore essentially positioned within the double-walled structure  2 ,  3 , meaning their outer contours  2   b,    3   b.    
         [0036]      FIG. 2  shows a second embodiment of the invention for the inventive screw connection  101 , wherein the same or analogous elements as shown in  FIG. 1  are marked with the same reference numbers but are increased by  100 . The screw connection  101  comprises a double-walled FPC structure of a first wall  102  and a second wall  103  with a spacer  105  positioned therebetween. A threaded sleeve  106  is inserted into the recess  102   a,  while a ball stud  104  with a cylindrical shaft  104   b  is inserted into the recess  103   a,  The ball stud  104  has a collar  104   e  which is supported on a disc  108  which is arranged at the outer surface  103   b  of the second wall  103 . The ball stud  104  has at its end facing away from the ball head  104   a  an outer thread  104   c  which is screwed into the inner thread  106   a  of the threaded sleeve  106 . Into the collar  106   b  of the threaded sleeve  106 —analogous to the first embodiment—a mounting tool engages which removed after assembly of the screw connection. The threaded section  107  which connects the ball stud  104  to the threaded sleeve  106 , extends very little at the outer surface  102   b  of the first wall  102 . The load torque which is introduced by way of the ball head  104   a  is also transferred friction-fit and form-fit in this screw connection  101 , wherein the friction forces are present at the outer surfaces  102   b,    103   b  and the form fit is active throughout the perimeter of the threaded sleeve  106  in the recess  102   a  and the cylindrical shaft  104   b  of the ball stud  104  in the recess  103   a.    
         [0037]      FIG. 3  shows a third embodiment of the invention for a screw connection  201  whereby for identical or analogous elements as shown in  FIG. 1  are marked with the same reference numbers but are increased by  200 . A spacer  205  with a stepped bore  205   a  is positioned between the first and the second wall  202 ,  203  which is made from a fiber-plastic-composite (FPC). Into the wider part of the stepped bore  205   a  extends a collar sleeve  212  which is positioned in the recess  202   a  of the first wall  202 . In the collar sleeve  212  is an embedded nut  206  positioned which has an inner thread  206   a  and a flange  206   b  which is place on the collar sleeve  212 . Screwed into the countersunk nut  206  is the end of the ball stud  204  with its outer thread  204   c  and forms threaded section  207 . The countersunk nut  206  has preferably hexagonal surfaces  206   c  at its outer perimeter in which a torque tool can be attached for pretensioning. The ball stud  204  has at its front a blind hole with an inner hexagon or hexalobular  204   d  for the application of a torque tool. The conical shaft  204   b  of the ball stud  204  resides in the inner cone of the conical sleeve  208  which is arranged with its collar  208   b  on the outer surface  203   b  of the second wall  203 . The ball stud  204  is pre-tensioned by the countersunk nut  206  where the pretension is supported by the collar sleeve  212  and the outer surface  202   b  of the first wall  202 . The load torque which is introduced by the ball head  204   a  is transmitted in this embodiment as friction-fit and form-fit to the FPC structure  202 ,  203 . 
         [0038]      FIG. 4  shows a fourth embodiment example of the invention for a screw connection  301 , whereby same or analogue parts, as in the first embodiment have the same reference numbers but are increased by  300 . A spacer  305  with a through hole  305   a  is positioned between the double-walled FPC structure having a first wall  302  and a second wall  303 . A collar sleeve  312  is placed into the recess  302   a  of the first wall  302 , which is supported at the outer surface  302   b  of the first wall  302 . Into the stepped bore of the collar sleeve  312 , a cylinder head screw  306  is placed which has an outer thread  306   a,  a screw head  306   b,  and an hexagon socket  306   c,  which means that the screw head  306   b  is countersunk with respect to the first wall  302 . A conical sleeve  308  is placed into the recess  303   a  of the second wall  303 , which is supported with its collar  308   b  in reference to the outer surface  303   b  of the second wall  303 . The inner cone  308   a  of the cone sleeve  308  receives with friction-fit the cone shaft  304   b  of the ball stud  304 . The ball stud  304  has a blind hole with an inner thread  304   c  into which the outer thread  306   a  of the cylinder head screw  306  is screwed in that forms the threaded section  307 , through which the ball stud  304  is tensed with the cylinder head screw  306 . The ball stud  304 , as well as the cylinder head screw  306 , each have a hexagonal socket  304   d  or  306   c,  respectively, to apply a torque tool (Allen Key). The load torques which are injected in the ball head  304   a —as explained above—are friction-fit and form-fit injected in the FPC structure  302 ,  303 . 
         [0039]      FIG. 5  shows a fifth embodiment of the invention for a screw connection  401  which is a continuation of the first embodiment example in accordance with  FIG. 1 . Same reference numbers are used for the same or analogous parts, but are increased by  400 . Positioned between the first wall  402  and the second wall  403 , both manufactured with a fiber-plastic composite, is a spacer  405  with a through hole  405   a  that is concentric with longitudinal axis a of the ball stud  404  and which has bores distributed at the perimeter  405   b,    405   c.  At the outer surfaces  402   b,    403   b  of the first and of the second wall  402 ,  403  a first disc  409  and a second disc  410  are positioned each having, parallel to the longitudinal axis a, inserted pins  409   a ,  410   a,  distributed about the perimeter. Supplemental bores  402   c,    403   c  are positioned in the first wall  402  and in the second wall  403  which align with the perimeter bores  405   b,    405   c,  and which are penetrated by the pins  409   a,    410   a.  Hereby, an improvement of the form-fit during the transfer of lateral forces to the FPC structure is achieved. At the same time, the bearing pressure on the projected surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axis a of the recesses  402   a,    403   a  and the supplemental bores  402   c,    403   c  is reduced. Both disks  409 ,  410  are tensioned against each other through the threaded sleeve  406  and the ball stud  404  which are screwed together through the threaded section  407 . Lateral forces and load torques which are introduced by way of the ball head  404   a  are on one hand transferred via the friction-fit, but also transferred to the FPC structure  402 ,  403  by a stronger form-fit. 
         [0040]      FIG. 6  shows as an additional embodiment of the invention, an advantageous application of the inventive screw connection  501  in a wheel carrier  500  for motor vehicles. The wheel carrier  500  is made from fiber-plastic-composite construction and designed as two-shell part, meaning it has an outer shell  520  and an inner shell  521 . A spring strut  522  is attached at the wheel carrier  500  and which supports, here not shown, the chassis of a vehicle. The wheel carrier  500  corresponds in particular to the wheel carrier as it has been described in the older application of the applicant with the official file number 10 2013 209 987.8—the content of the earlier application, as mentioned above, is fully incorporated by reference into the disclosure of the present application. In regard to the inventive screw connection  501 , the inner shell  521  corresponds to the first wall  502 , and the outer shell  520  corresponds to the second wall  503 ; the screw connection  501  is installed, in accordance with the invention, at this two-shell structure. One recognizes in the drawing the downward pointing ball stud  504 , the spacer  505  which is positioned between the first wall  502  and the second wall  503  and, above the first wall  502  (inside of the inner shell  521 ), the collar of the threaded sleeve  506 . At the ball head of the ball stud  504  has preferably a transverse control arm attached through which transverse loads or a load torque, respectively, are introduced in the FPC structure of the wheel carrier  500 . An additional screw connection with a ball stud  523  serves as a linkage with a not shown tie rod. 
       REFERENCE CHARACTERS 
       [0000]    
       
           1   101 ,  201 ,  301 ,  401   501  Screw Connection 
           2   102 ,  202 ,  302 ,  402 ,  502  First Wall 
           2   a    102   a,    202   a,    302   a,    402   a  Recess 
           2   b    102   b,    202   b,    302   b,    402   b  Outer Surface 
           3 .  103 ,  203 ,  303 ,  403 ,  503  Second Wall 
           3   a    103   a,    203   a,    303   a,    403   a  Recess 
           3   b    103   b,    203   b,    303   b,    403   b  Outer Surface 
           4 .  104 ,  204 ,  304 ,  404 ,  504  Load-introducing Element, Ball Stud 
           4   a    104   a,    204   a,    304   a,    404   a  Ball Head 
           4   b    104   b,    204   b,    304   b,    404   b  Cylindrical / Conical Shaft 
           4   c    104   c,    204   c  Outside Thread 
           4   d    104   d,    204   d,    304   d  Inside Hex Socket 
           5   105 ,  205 ,  305 ,  405 ,  505  Spacer 
           5   a    305   a,    405   a  Through Hole 
           6   106 ,  406 ,  506  Holding element 
           6   a    106   a,    206   a  Inside Thread 
           6   b    106   b  Collar 
           6   c  Bore, Recess 
           7   107 ,  207 ,  307 ,  407  Thread Section 
           8   208 ,  308 ,  408  Conical Sleeve 
           8   a    208   a,    308   a  Inner Cone 
           8   b    208   b,    308   b  Collar 
           9   409  First Disc 
           9   a  Micro-toothed Surface 
           10   410  Second Disc 
           11   111  Installation Tool 
           11   a  Stud 
           104   e  Collar 
           108  Disc 
           205   a  Stepped Bore 
           206  Countersunk nut 
           206   b  Flange 
           206   c  Hex Surfaces 
           212  Collar Sleeve 
           304   c  Inside Thread 
           305   a  Through Hole 
           306  Cylindrical Head Screw 
           306   a  Outside Thread 
           306   b  Screw Head 
           306   c  Inner Hex Socket 
           312  Wall Sleeve 
           402   c,    403   c  Supplemental Bore 
           405   a  Through Hole 
           405   b    405   c  Circumferential Bore, Recess 
           409   a,    410   a  Pin 
           500  Wheel Carrier 
           520  Outer Shell 
           521  Inner Shell 
           522  Spring Strut 
           523  Ball Stud 
         a Longitudinal Axis/Ball Stud