Abstract:
A system and method using low-bandwidth to deliver key data from preexisting emergency response data programs to remote computer facilities using a variety of communications capabilities is provided. Key displays are re-created with enhanced information content and for distribution to a broad user audience via the Internet. Displays are updated every few seconds to remain synchronized with the on-site emergency response data program computer&#39;s current status.

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application claims priority of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/461,684 filed on Apr. 9, 2003 having the same title as the present application. 
     
    
     REFERENCE TO COMPUTER PROGRAM CD  
       [0002]     This application includes as an appendix a CD providing a source code and installation package for a computer program incorporating an exemplary embodiment of the present invention as disclosed herein. The materials contained on the CD are incorporated by reference as though fully set forth herein.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0004]     This invention relates generally to the field of emergency data management systems and, more particularly, to a web enabled comprehensive data management agent for distribution of preexisting or evolving hazardous chemicals location, chemical data and responding units information.  
         [0005]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0006]     Use of computer databases for emergency response systems has expanded to include highly sophisticated and capable systems. One exemplary system, CAMEO® Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations, is a set of computer programs developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the US Environmental Protection Agency to assist emergency planners and responders in dealing with incidents involving hazardous chemicals. CAMEO® is a registered trademark of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.  
         [0007]     As defined by the EPA on the CAMEO® website “CAMEO® is a system of software applications used widely to plan for and respond to chemical emergencies. It is one of the tools developed by EPA&#39;s Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office (CEPPO) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration (NOAA), to assist front-line chemical emergency planners and responders. They can use CAMEO® to access, store, and evaluate information critical for developing emergency plans. In addition, CAMEO® supports regulatory compliance by helping users meet the chemical inventory reporting requirements of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA, also known as SARA Title III). The CAMEO® system integrates a chemical database and a method to manage the data, an air dispersion model, and a mapping capability. All modules work interactively to share and display critical information in a timely fashion. The CAMEO® system is available in Macintosh and Windows formats.” 
         [0008]     As mentioned above, the CAMEO® system contains three modules that are further defined in  FIG. 1  of the drawings. The CAMEO® Databases module  10  provides the stored information and properties for Chemical Facility Database; Local Chemical Inventories; Emergency Planning Data; Contacts; Past Incidents Database and Special Locations Database. The ALOHA® (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) module  12  provides basic atmospheric dispersion modeling for a number of volatile substances in the chemical database. The MARPLOT® (Mapping Application for Response Planning and Local Operational Tasks) module  14  provides a mapping facility based on Census Bureau street maps. ALOHA® and MARPLOT® are registered trademarks of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.  
         [0009]     Approximately 40,000 copies of the CAMEO® system have been downloaded from EPA since May, 2002. The programs are available at no cost to the user. A significant number of these systems are used by the nation&#39;s firefighters in responding to chemical accidents. According to NOAA, the ALOHA® dispersion model is the “most commonly used [atmospheric dispersion] model for first responders.” 
         [0010]     Typically, the CAMEO® system is contained in a portable computer and deployed to the scene of a chemical accident aboard a fire truck or other emergency response vehicle. Once the chemical agent has been identified, CAMEO® provides a vast amount of information on the nature of the threat as well as possible countermeasures.  FIG. 2  provides an example of some of the information available to the firefighter.  
         [0011]     Once the substance involved in the incident is identified, the ALOHA® air dispersion model can be used to calculate the downwind dispersion under meteorological conditions 1) specified by the firefighter or 2) provided by a portable meteorological station attached to the CAMEO® computer. An example of the output of the air dispersion calculation is shown in  FIG. 3 .  
         [0012]      FIG. 3  shows the plume that would result from the release of 50 pounds per minute of phosphine given a sunny day, with no inversion layer and winds of 10 miles per hour. If a meteorological station is attached to the CAMEO® computer, the plume will be recalculated every 30 seconds to reflect changing atmospheric conditions. The area  16  in the center of the plume represents the concentration determined to “Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health”, a concentration (for phosphine) of 50 parts per million. The user has the option of using other health-related threshold concentrations as the basis of the plume calculation. The outer area of the plume  18  (outside the cross-hatched segment) represents a 3-sigma confidence limit on the calculation.  
         [0013]     CAMEO®&#39;s mapping module, MARPLOT®, allows the plume diagram to be plotted on a street map and oriented in the downwind direction. The firefighter specifies the origin of the plume by “pointing and clicking” at the appropriate position on the screen.  FIG. 4  provides an example of such a plot where the plume as described with respect to  FIG. 3  is overlayed on a census map  20 .  
         [0014]     The three modules, CAMEO®, ALOHA® and MARPLOT®, communicate among themselves as the user moves through the analytical process. That is to say that inputs provided by the user and the results of calculations provided by the program are “remembered” as the user moves among the various modules. This memory can be tapped by queries to the CAMEO® programs or by examining the content of various files temporarily stored on the users hard disk.  
         [0015]     Normally, the CAMEO® operator (who must be highly-trained in the proper application and use of the program) will provide verbal summaries via radio of key information gained through use of the program. No means are provided for real-time external access to CAMEOS data. Direct screen transfers are generally problematic due to wireless bandwidth limitations at many remote locations.  
         [0016]     It is therefore desirable to have a data transfer agent and system which makes the real-time data from an emergency response database program such as CAMEO®, while in use at an incident, available to other responders and monitoring personnel in a web based environment with low bandwidth transmission requirements.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0017]     Emergency response data coordination and communication is provided by installing a software agent and a wireless communications device on an emergency responder computer terminal having an emergency response data program. The emergency response data program is queried upon activation by an emergency responder using the software agent to determine the state of predefined data elements generated and stored by the emergency response data program. A transmission file of the data elements obtained in the query is created and the transmission file forwarded to a wireless gateway. A centralized computer system connected to the wireless gateway then extracts the data elements and converts geographic data to Geographic Information System formats, converts text information to be displayed directly on screen to HTML format and inserts other text information into database systems to retrieve associated data to be displayed on screen. The resulting display is then forwarded to an Internet-based Geographic Information System, recreating the key elements of the emergency response data program display using predetermined supplemental map data, and the display is posted for web access by permitted users.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0018]     These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:  
         [0019]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of the prior art elements of the CAMEO® system;  
         [0020]      FIG. 2  is a screen shot of a data element display from the CAMEO® database;  
         [0021]      FIG. 3  is a screen shot of a plume calculation by the ALOHA® module of CAMEO®;  
         [0022]      FIG. 4  is a screen shot of the plume calculation of  FIG. 3  as output by the MARPLOT® module of CAMEO®;  
         [0023]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram of an embodiment of the system elements according to the present invention;  
         [0024]      FIG. 6  is a screen shot of an exemplary output from the system; and  
         [0025]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram flowchart of the operations of the software elements of the system. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0026]     Using CAMEO® as an exemplary emergency response database, a system according to the present invention employs an “agent” placed in the CAMEO® computer carried by the emergency responder that queries the various CAMEOS modules on their status (or reads various status files created by the program), a transmitter to transmit the files created by the agent to a remote computer complex, a web distribution node for re-construction of the key displays and distribution via the Internet. Defined in terms of a method, the present invention incorporates the following steps:  
         [0027]     1. The “agent”, a computer program placed in the emergency responder&#39;s computer, interrogates the CAMEOS modules as to current state of knowledge: 
        a) What is the date and time of day;     b) What chemical has the user identified as being involved in the incident;     c) Is the remote weather station operating and providing data;     d) What is the wind speed and direction at 3 meters above the surface;     e) What is the geometry of the projected atmospheric dispersion plume;     f) What is the “level of concern” identified by the user;     g) Where has the user placed the origin of the plume.        
 
         [0035]     Although there are a number of ways to elicit this information from CAMEO®, the method of an exemplary embodiment disclosed herein is to extract two small text files created by CAMEO® as it works through its analytical process—“ALO_ftp.pas” (created by ALOHA® each time the plume dispersion model has been run) and “ALOHA.obj” (created by MARPLOT® each time the plume is plotted on a MARPLOT® map). ALO_ftp.pas contain items a.) through f.) above and ALOGA.obj contains item g.) above.  
         [0036]     2. Transmit the data identified in step 1 to a predetermined Internet node at a computer processing facility. This transmission uses in various embodiments a variety of cellular, radio frequency, or satellite transmission methods.  
         [0037]     3. When the files are received at the computer facility, they are processed by a computer algorithm that extracts the information required to construct the display: 
        a) The geographic description of the plume is converted to one of several Geographic Information System formats, e.g., ESRI shapefile.     b) Text information to be displayed directly on the final screen is converted to HTML format.     c) Other text information (e.g. chemical name) is inserted into database systems to retrieve associated data to be displayed on the screen (e.g. response data), if required.        
 
         [0041]     4. The resulting display is then forwarded to an Internet-based Geographic Information System that will recreate the key elements of the CAMEOS system being viewed on the firefighter&#39;s computer ( FIG. 6 ). The base maps used in this process may differ significantly in content from those available in MARPLOT® and provide greater fidelity for use by on-site and monitoring personnel.  
         [0042]     It is important to note that although the key data elements remain the same as viewed by the firefighter on the original emergency response program, they are augmented and reorganized in several ways, for example: 
        a. The base map is no longer restricted to the Census Bureau maps required by MARPLOT® or whatever the mapping program may be for the emergency response system. Any map base may be used, including aerial photographs such as shown provided on the remote terminal display in  FIG. 6 .     b. Other parameters of interest to the responding community are selectively overlaid on the map display. This capability greatly increases the usefulness of the Internet display of data from an emergency response system such as CAMEO.        
 
         [0045]     5. The Internet display is available to the intended audience via a secure server. As indicated earlier, the user community will include federal, state and local responders involved in the incident, news media, hospitals, command posts, etc. The display also forms the basis for automated telephone information system delivery of information for public awareness.  
         [0046]     6. A data cataloging program monitors all incidents hosted through the centralized server to create common incident information for similar chemicals or response scenarios. Multiple incidents occurring substantially simultaneously are cross linked to allow communication regarding potentially interrelated incidents.  
         [0047]     The system incorporating the invention described in the method above provides, as shown in  FIG. 5 , a wireless communications module  22  and software package  24  for integration in a CAMEO® equipped computer  26 . As shown in  FIG. 7 , the software package monitors CAMEO®, block  50 , on detection of any changes in the either ALO_ftp.pas or ALOHA.obj (indicating a new plume model has originated), block  52 , the software element of the agent queries the CAMEO® modules and provides to the communications module a small coded file (consisting of the chemical name, date and time of day, origin of the incident, geometry of the plume, wind speed and direction from the on-scene CAMEOS computer, block  54 . The communications module transmits the file through a wireless gateway  28 , in  FIG. 5 , to a GIS applications server  30  located in a centralized processing center.  
         [0048]     A control software set  32  in the GIS applications server receives the files and prepares for further processing, block  56  of  FIG. 7 , creates real-time, synchronized displays of CAMEOS data by extracting text data for database lookup and conversion to HTML text display, block  58 , and maps are recreated by extracting and converting the plume geometry with added information from received GPS data, block  60 , into GIS compatible shapefiles, block  62 . A GIS display is then prepared, block  64 . Additional text data for direct HTML text display is extracted, block  66 . The control software posts the data and maps, block  68 , to a web server  34  shown in  FIG. 5  to make the data and maps available via standard Internet browser technology to remote terminals  36  monitored by emergency operations center personnel, police and health authorities and other authorized users who are remote from the incident. Small, hand held devices  38  provide key data and maps for responders in the immediate vicinity of the incident, but without direct access to the CAMEO® computer. Displays on the remote terminals and hand held devices are shown in exemplary form in  FIG. 6 . The CAMEOS information and supplemental information provided to the web site by the GIS applications server is integrated in a single display. The plume information  70  is overlayed on a map  66  selected by the user and not limited to the CAMEOS system&#39;s capability. In the embodiment shown, an aerial photograph is employed. CAMEO® data  72  recreated at the central server is displayed as well as supplemental HTML text information  74  such as responder identification. In  FIG. 6 , GPS locations of responding vehicles  76  and individuals  78  are included.  
         [0049]     The system provides the infrastructure upon which other key operational parameters not currently part of the CAMEO® system are overlaid to greatly increase their overall information value. These include GPS coordinates of responding vehicles and personnel provided by a GPS receiver  40  as shown in  FIG. 5 , on-scene video from deployed camera(s)  42  and output from various chemical sensors  44  deployed during the incident. Individual responders carrying GPS locating systems  46  integral with their remote handhelds or associated with other equipment are also monitored by the system to add location information on these reponders to the presentation.  
         [0050]     Since CAMEO® is broadly distributed in the United States, the system provides a nucleus for real-time monitoring of many simultaneous responses broadly distributed throughout the country and, as such, may form the basis for a national monitoring system for hazardous chemical responses. Further, the centralized server provides a basis for monitoring all emergency response occurrences for cataloging purposes and for monitoring commonality of emergencies under response. This ability allows use of the system in a terrorist response scenario where multiple occurrences of chemical or biological attack may be occurring substantially simultaneously.  
         [0051]     Having now described the invention in detail as required by the patent statutes, those skilled in the art will recognize modifications and substitutions to the specific embodiments disclosed herein. Such modifications are within the scope and intent of the present invention as defined in the following claims.