Abstract:
Wireless control of building facility systems via a wireless network using a wireless relay controller with a unique identifier. The wireless relay controller receives wireless control signals via a wireless communication network. The wireless relay controller determines that a wireless control signal concerns the wireless relay controller based on the unique identifier. The wireless relay controller further identifies a mode of operation for a specified relay indicated by the wireless control signal and controls the power to the specified relay in accordance with the wireless control signal. The wireless control signal may also monitor the power consumption of the load controlled by the specified relay and send that information to the network.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation and claims the priority benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/376,620 filed Mar. 14, 2006 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,623,042, which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/661,714 filed Mar. 14, 2005, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates in general to electrical energy control. In particular, the present invention relates to a wireless lighting controller for building facilities. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Lighting energy accounts for nearly 40% of commercial building electricity consumption. In many buildings, much of this energy use is a result of lighting that is on unnecessarily because of inadequate controls. Traditional wired switches are expensive to install, inflexible to changing requirements in the workplace, and unable to respond to available daylight or occupancy. For example, many buildings have adequate daylight along the perimeter, but the installed switching is not adequate to turn off the unnecessary lights. 
     There are wireless lighting controls on the market, but each suffer from certain shortcomings. Available residential systems tie a specific switch to a specific relay or relay channel and do not provide the flexibility needed for commercial building applications. Commercial systems require that specialized ballasts be installed to replace existing ballasts making them expensive and unlikely to gain significant market share. There is a need for a flexible and readily installable system that does not require replacing existing fluorescent ballasts or fixtures. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Wireless control of building facility systems via a wireless network using a wireless relay controller with a unique identifier is provided. The wireless relay controller receives wireless control signals via a wireless communication network. The wireless relay controller determines that a wireless control signal concerns the wireless relay controller based on the unique identifier. The wireless relay controller further identifies a mode of operation for a specified relay indicated by the wireless control signal and controls the power to the specified relay in accordance with the wireless control signal. The wireless control signal may also monitor the power consumption of the load controlled by the specified relay and send that information to the network. 
     For a further understanding of the nature and advantages of the invention, reference should be made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an exemplary schematic diagram of a wireless controller controlled relay installation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  shows the wireless controller of  FIG. 1 , its housing and wire connections. 
         FIG. 3  shows the wireless controller of  FIG. 2  with the top portion of the housing removed. 
         FIG. 4  is an exemplary wiring diagram for the wireless controller of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 5  is an exemplary diagram of a lighting control system using the wireless controller of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 6  is an exemplary controller software flowchart for the control system of  FIG. 5 . 
         FIG. 7  shows an exemplary diagram of a typical lighting fixture use before and after retrofit with the wireless controller in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The embodiments of the present invention are directed to a wireless controller and a wireless network using the controller for the control of lighting systems. The radio-controlled device includes several novel features. In addition, a control system that integrates several sensors in a radio network to control lights using the radio-controlled device also includes various novel features. Each of these is described below in further detail. 
     Radio-Controlled Relay Device 
       FIG. 1  is an exemplary schematic diagram  100  of a wireless controller controlled relay installation in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The radio-controlled relay device  102  can integrate a wireless radio, a relay (or one or more relays), a microprocessor, a dimming device, a power sensor and a signal generator in a stand-alone package that can easily be installed in a typical fluorescent fixture. It can be installed between ballast  104  and the ballast power source  106  and is powered by the lighting circuit. Installation is quite simple due to the design of the device. The housing of the device includes a small magnet (not shown) to enable the easy placement and positioning of the device against a lighting fixture, such as for example a fluorescent light fixture. In this manner, the device  102  is held in place with a thin magnet and the electrical connection is achieved using wire nuts  108 . The packaging of the device  102  is compact and configured so that it can be installed in a few minutes to retrofit almost any fluorescent light fixture. The device  102  can be easily connected to an existing fixture with the wire nuts  108 , and the device  102  can be easily integrated in a ballast using the device&#39;s compact housing its small magnet. 
       FIG. 2  shows the wireless controller of  FIG. 1 , its housing  202  and wire connections. Wire connections  204  are for the electrical connection of the device and wire connections  206  are for the light sensor (no shown). In this manner, once the device has been located and held in place against a light fixture, the light sensor can be optimally placed relative to the housing  202  via the flexible wire connection  206 .  FIG. 3  shows the wireless controller of  FIG. 2  with the top portion of the housing removed, showing the printed circuit board and the internal components of the device. 
       FIG. 4  is an exemplary wiring diagram for the wireless controller of  FIG. 1 . The relay device is capable of receiving a radio signal that contains control information including turning on and off or dimming. This information can be specific to an individual relay or it can be for a group of relays. The device can also measure energy consumption of the light fixture or ballast and can transmit energy use and power quality information to a radio network. A light sensor in the device can detect whether the lamp is working properly and send information to the network about the status of the lamp. The device includes a power supply circuit that provides low-voltage operating power for the processor and the relay using the line voltage as a source. The line voltage can be either 120V or 277V, making the system compatible with most lighting systems. The design of this relay device makes it suitable for use in existing buildings, especially those with fluorescent fixtures without requiring new ballasts. The relay controller device can include the following features, which are summarized below. 
     Power supply: The controller is powered by using a small amount of current from the lighting circuit. It is compatible with any voltage between 24 VAC and 277 VAC. 
     On/off control: One function of the device is to turn one or more ballasts on or off using one or more electromechanical relays. 
     Light sensor: The controller can have a low-cost light sensor that can measure approximate light levels. A purpose of this sensor is to determine if the lights that the controller is switching are on or off. It can be used to identify burned-out bulbs or malfunctioning relays or ballasts. 
     Power measurement: The device includes a power sensor that monitors energy use of the load controlled by controller. This allows the device to provide lighting energy usage at a detailed level. It can also be used to identify power outages or circuit failures. 
     0-10-volt control signal: Many existing dimmable ballasts use a 0-10-volt input signal to control light output. By having the capability to provide this signal into the controller, the system is compatible with existing dimming ballasts. 
     Short-term backup power supply: The controller device is powered by a small power supply circuit connected to the power provided for the ballast. In the event of a power failure or circuit failure, the device has the ability to continue operating for a minimum of one hour. The backup power supply circuit includes a capacitor that is charged by the power provided for the ballast. Alternatively, the backup power supply circuit can include a battery. 
     Integrated dimmer: By integrating a dimming circuit into the controller, it can be used to dim incandescent bulbs or dimmable fluorescent lights. 
     The wireless controller is configured to store location information and other data attributes related to its unique installation. Such information can include data such as an identifier, group information, and location of the device (e.g., building name, floor, fixture, group, etc.), which can be programmed into the device at or prior to its installation. 
     Integrated System 
       FIG. 5  is an exemplary diagram of a lighting control system  500  using the wireless controller of  FIG. 1 . The system  500  is novel in the way it integrates sensors and controllers in a wireless network to enable multiple control strategies for lighting systems. The system  500  includes one or more radio controlled relay devices  502 A-C that can control one or more ballasts each, one or more hand-held or wall mounted controllers  504  that can generate control commands and send them over the network, one or more stand-alone light level sensors  506  that can measure room light levels and send that data to the network, one or more stand-alone motion sensors  508  that can be used to detect occupancy, and a software-based controller  510  that interfaces with a LAN to allow signals generated via software to be communicated over the radio network. The various components of the network  500  are further described below. 
     In one embodiment, the occupancy sensor node  508  is a passive infrared sensor that can be used to detect motion as a proxy for occupancy. It transmits information about occupancy via a radio to the network whenever the occupancy state changes. That information can be used by any controller on the network. This device can be powered by either batteries or a small photovoltaic device. 
     Light level sensor node  506  measures the visible light level using a sensor connected to a radio and transmits the light level information to the network. This information can be used to turn lights on and off in response to daylight. 
     The LAN interface device  510  connects to a local area network and relays control information to the network and relays radio network information (e.g., energy use, light levels, relay state, failure information, etc.) to the local area network. 
       FIG. 6  is an exemplary controller software flowchart  600  for the control system of  FIG. 5 . The computer program for the software-based controller  510  can be loaded from a computer-readable medium for execution by a host computer. As used herein, a variety of computer-readable media may be used for the recording media that stores the controller software, including: CD-ROM, flexible disks, magneto-optic discs, IC cards, ROM cartridges, punched cards, and internal storage devices (memories, such as RAM and ROM) and external storage devices. As can be seen the controller software operates in one of two main interrupt modes, namely a message interrupt  602  and a timer interrupt mode  604 . For the message interrupt mode, once a message is received by the LAN interface device, at  603  it is determined whether the message is intended for an individual device or a group of devices that are controlled by the network. Once it has been decided that the message is intended for an individual device or a group of devices, the message is parsed at  605  to determine what message has been sent. Possible messages include: on/off; dim; motion detection; energy request; join/leave group and operational check. 
     If at  606 , a determination is made that the message is an on or off message, the on or off message is sent out over the wireless network to a wireless controller where the relay is set ( 620 ). Once the relay has been set, the loop is closed and the software awaits another message or timer interrupt. 
     If at  606 , it is determined that the message is not an on/off message, at  608 , it is determined whether the message is a dimming message. If so, a check is made at  622 , to determine whether a dimming option is enabled, and if yes, the dim level command is send to set the dim level at  624 . If dimming is not enabled control returns to  602 . 
     If at  608 , it is determined that the message is not a dimming message, at  610 , it is determined whether motion has been detected. If so, then at  626  the relay is set to on, and then at  628 , a timer is set to turn the relay off after a certain time duration, and the control loop returns to  602 . 
     If at  610  it is determined that motion was not detected, then at  612  it is determined whether an energy usage request has been made by the software controller. An energy request command is then sent to one or more of the wireless controllers. In response, a wireless controller sends its energy usage information back to the controller  510  at  630 . 
     If at  612 , it is determined that an energy request was not detected, then at  614 , it is determined whether a request has been made to join (or otherwise leave) a wireless controller with a group. If so, at  632 , appropriate group tables are updated. Such tables are stored in a database that is used by the software controller at the host computer. 
     If at  614  it is determined that a join/leave request was not detected, then at  616  it is determined whether an operational check message has been received. In response to an operational check message, the status of the lamp and/or ballast is checked at  634 , and a message is sent by the relay controller to update the system&#39;s software-based controller with the status of a wireless relay controller. The wireless relay controller generates the requested information using its power sensor circuit, or its light sensor, or both. 
     So, in operation, once it has been determined what message has been received; appropriate follow-on action is taken. For example when a message has been received to turn a fixture off, an appropriate command is sent to the wireless relay controller to turn the fixture off, and so on, as shown on  FIG. 6 . In addition to the message interrupt mode, the network controller can also function in a timer interrupt mode, where control functions are initiated in response to timer events. 
     The wireless relay controller as a stand alone device and as a device incorporated in an integrated system, for example as shown in  FIG. 5 , provides several advantageous features. The power consumption circuit of the device enables the measuring of actual power consumption of lamps connected to the controller, and the device sends this information to the integrated system. This power consumption data, along with other events in the system, are stored in a database on the host computer connected via a LAN or the internet via a gateway element. This information has many potential uses including monitoring for energy conservation, demand response, and diagnostic purposes. In addition, the motion and light level sensors are not required to be associated with a particular light fixture, but rather can be a part of the integrated system and the light level and motion data can be used by any controller on the network. 
       FIG. 7  shows an exemplary diagram of a typical lighting fixture use before and after retrofit with the wireless controller in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. As is shown in  FIG. 7 , four fixtures in a typical office room are normally on from about 8 am to 7 pm. In contrast, when the fixtures are incorporated into a network and controlled with the wireless relay device as described above, their on time is drastically reduced. For example, fixtures  3  and  4  are on when an occupant is near them and off otherwise. Fixture  2 , being a perimeter fixture is on for short time and then off, since the light level sensor has send a message indicating that sufficient outdoor light is present. The overall fixture use reflects a 40 percent reduction in energy usage. 
     Accordingly, as will be understood by those of skill in the art, the present invention which is related to the wireless control of individual lighting fixtures via a wireless radio network after a simple retrofit at the fixture level, may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the essential characteristics thereof. For example, any wireless protocol may be used to implement the control scheme in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention. Accordingly, the foregoing disclosure is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.