Abstract:
The semiconductor wafer processing apparatus includes a clean box having an opening, a lid for closing the opening, a door to be in contact with the lid and to detach the lid from the clean box, a first stopper adapted to move in conjunction with movement of the clean box without a change in its relative positional relationship with the clean box, and an unmoved second stopper. With this structure, it is possible to prevent the clean box moved on the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus from colliding with the apparatus, even if the clean box manufactured by molding using a reinforced plastic in accordance with a prescribed standard includes a manufacturing error in its size.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a semiconductor wafer processing apparatus having a cushion function, which is used in manufacturing processes for semiconductor devices, electronic parts and related products, or optical disks etc. The semiconductor wafer processing apparatus receives a semiconductor wafer (which will be simply referred to as a wafer hereinafter) from a clean box that stores the wafer and performs processing of the wafer with a collision avoidance function. 
   2. Description of Related Art 
   Manufacturing of wafers, which are used for semiconductor devices etc., must be performed under a condition in which a high degree of cleanness is ensured. Therefore, manufacturing of wafers was generally performed in a clean room the whole interior of which is kept in a highly clean condition. However construction and maintenance of a large clean room with a high degree of cleanness require a significant initial investment and service costs. In addition, even if once a plant investment is made for such a clean room, a modification of the layout of the room might be required later due to a modification in the manufacturing process, which would require a large additional investment. Therefore, use of clean rooms is uneconomical. In view of the above-described situation, recently a certain method has been widely adopted, that is, to keep a high degree of cleanness not within the whole interior space of a room but only within a small environmental space (which will be referred to as a mini-environment) inside a processing apparatus to attain the effects same as those obtained by keeping a high degree of cleanness within the whole of the room. (In the following, a processing apparatus that adopts this method will be called a semiconductor wafer processing apparatus.) 
   Specifically, semiconductor wafer processing apparatus as shown in  FIG. 1  are arranged in a manufacturing room. When the door  3  of the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10  is in a closed state, a mini-environment portion  5  in which processing of a wafer is performed is kept in a highly clean condition. Wafers  7  are transferred from one semiconductor wafer processing apparatus to another using a wafer storing container hermetically closed by a lid  4 , whereby the interior of the container is kept in a highly clean condition. This wafer storing container is composed of a box body in the form of a housing and the lid  4 . This container will be referred to as a clean box  6  hereinafter. The wafers  7  having been delivered to a semiconductor wafer processing apparatus by the clean box  6  is subjected to further transportation in the interior of the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus. The mini-environment portion  5  is provided with a window opening  2  that functions as an access opening through which wafers  7  are to be transferred into the mini-environment portion  5 . The opening  2  is closed by the door  3  that is provided in the interior of the mini-environment portion  5 . The door  3  is provided with a holding means for holding the lid  4 , such as suction means or a latch mechanism etc. 
   The clean box  6  having been delivered to the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus is placed on a docking plate  12  with the lid  4  of the box facing toward the window opening  2  of the mini-environment portion  5 . Then the docking plate  12  is moved (in the right direction in  FIG. 1 ) so that the clean box  6  is brought to a position (which will be referred to as a prescribed position hereinafter) close to the window opening  2  provided on the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10  and stopped. After-the clean box  6  is stopped at the prescribed position, the lid  4  is held by the door  3  and brought into the interior of the mini-environment portion  5  with the door  3 . Thus, the lid  4  is detached from the clean box  6  and the window opening  2  is made open. The wafers  7  stored in the clean box  6  are transferred into the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10  through the window opening  2  that has been made open. Thus, the space to which the wafers are exposed can be always kept highly clean without a need for establishing a highly clean condition within the whole interior of the manufacturing room. Therefore, this method realizes the effects same as those attained by establishing a clean room condition within the whole of the room, and so it is possible to reduce construction and maintenance costs to realize an effective manufacturing process. 
   In this semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10 , the clean box  6  is generally manufactured in accordance with a standard. In other words, the shape, size and weight of the clean box  6  are standardized, so that the clean box  6  can be used in a plurality of semiconductor processing apparatus  10  without changing the specification of the clean box  6 . 
   On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-262472 discloses a semiconductor wafer processing apparatus having a dust proof function. In the wafer processing apparatus disclosed in that application, a clean box is not in contact with the wall of a mini-environment portion, and small clearance is formed between the mini-environment portion and the clean box. 
   The clean box is generally manufactured by molding using a reinforced plastic in accordance with the above-mentioned standard. In that standard, a reference length that is designated by numeral  11  in  FIG. 1  with respect to the opening side end of the clean box is determined in reference to the center of the clean box. 
   However, even if the clean box is molded in accordance with the standard, size range by a manufacturing errors in molding. In addition, there are minor differences between manufacturers in their interpretations of the standard length  11  that is defined as the length between the center of the clean box  6  and the opening side end of the clean box  6 . Those differences includes, for example, whether the width of the flange portion is to be included in the reference length or not. Therefore, there are variations in the size of actually manufactured clean boxes  6 , which cause various problems as follows. 
   In the following, the problems will be described with reference to  FIGS. 4A to 4C . 
     FIGS. 4A to 4C  are schematic drawing showing a portion of the equipment shown in  FIG. 1 , in which a portion including the clean box  6  is illustrated in an enlarged manner. In these drawings, the exaggeration is made in order to specifically illustrate the above-mentioned problems. 
   For example,  FIG. 4A  shows a case in which the reference length  11  of the manufactured clean box  6  is too short. In this case, when the docking plate  12  is stopped at a prescribed position, the lid  4  is not in contact with the door  3 . In the case shown in  FIG. 4A , there is a problem that a holding means  8  does not operate normally and the door  3  cannot hold the lid  4  appropriately, since the lid  4  and the door  3  cannot be in contact with each other. 
     FIG. 4B  shows a case that is contrary to the case show in  FIG. 4A , namely  FIG. 4B  shows a case in which the reference length  11  is too long. In this case, the surface, of the clean box  6  would collide with the wall of the semiconductor processing apparatus  10  before the docking plate  12  reaches the prescribed position. The collision might result in damaging of the clean box  6  or damaging of the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus,  10 , or trouble of the docking plate  12 , which is a problem. 
     FIG. 4C  shows a case in which the lid  4  is too thick. In this case, the lid  4  abuts the door  3  before the movement of the docking plate  12  is completed. Since conventional driving devices for moving the docking plate  12  use a motor, the driving of the docking plate  12  continue after that. However, if the motor continues to drive the docking plate  12  in spite that the movement of the clean box  6  is blocked by the door  3 , an excessive load that can damage the motor is exerted on the motor, which is a problem. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In view of the above-mentioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a wafer processing apparatus that can prevent collision of a clean box when the clean box is moved to a position at which the lid is to be opened/closed, even if there are variations in the size of the clean boxes. 
   According to the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor wafer processing apparatus configured to receive a wafer from a clean box including a box body that has an opening portion at one side thereof and a lid for closing the opening portion, comprising, a main housing having a window opening at one side thereof, an openable/closable door for closing the window opening, a movable member, on which the clean box is to be placed, provided below the window opening, adapted to be horizontally movable toward and away from the main housing, and adapted to move, after the clean box is placed thereon, toward the main housing so as to bring the clean box to a prescribed position at which a wafer is taken out from the clean box, and a stopper for stopping, when the movable member moves toward the main housing, the movable member at a predetermined position, wherein when the movable member on which the clean box is placed is moved toward the main housing, the lid of the clean box is brought into contact with the door before the movable member is stopped by the stopper, after the lid is brought into contact with the door, the door is moved together with the clean box toward the interior of the main housing while holding the lid, until the movable member is stopped by the stopper, and the door is further moved, after the movable member is stopped by the stopper, while holding the lid so as to detach the lid from the box body to open the clean box. 
   Other objects and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is an overall view showing a semiconductor wafer processing apparatus to which the present invention is applied. 
       FIG. 2  is an enlarged view showing a portion including a clean box, of the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus show in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIGS. 3A and 3B  are drawings schematically illustrating the principle of the present invention. 
       FIGS. 4A ,  4 B and  4 C are drawings showing prior arts. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   In the following, an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.  FIG. 1  is a drawing showing the overall structure of a semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10 . The semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10  includes a mini-environment portion  5 , in which a robot arm  14  is provided. The interior of the mini-environment portion  5  is pressurized to a pressure that is higher than the ambient pressure (that is generally, the atmospheric pressure) outside the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10 . 
   The mini-environment portion  5  has a window opening  2  through which the robot arm  14  receives wafers  7 . In the interior of the mini-environment portion  5 , there is provided a door  3  for closing the window opening  2 . The door  3  is composed of a body portion  25  for closing the opening and a support portion  26 . The support portion  26  is supported on a driving portion. The driving portion is adapted to be moved up and down by, for example, an air cylinder (not shown) and adapted to cause the support portion  26  to swing about a pivot disposed in the driving portion. 
   A clean box  6  is used for transferring wafers  7  from one semiconductor processing apparatus  10  to another. The wafers  7  are accommodated in the clean box  6 , and the clean box is closed by a lid  4  in a highly airtight manner. Thus, when the wafers  7  are accommodated in the clean box  6 , the interior of the clean box  6  is ensured to be in a highly clean condition. The interior of the clean box  6  may be filled with a gas such as nitrogen of high purity. 
   The semiconductor processing apparatus  10  is provided with a docking plate  12  on which the clean box is to be placed.  FIG. 2  is an enlarged view of a portion including the clean box  6  of  FIG. 1 . The docking plate  12  is mounted on a rail and provided with an air cylinder  15 . The air cylinder  15  can drive the clean box  6  together with the docking plate  12  toward the mini-environment portion  5  (i.e. in the right direction in  FIG. 2 ) and away from the mini-environment portion  5  (i.e. in the left direction in  FIG. 2 ). When the clean box  6  is moved close to the mini-environment portion  5 , the vertical position (in the vertical direction of the window opening  2 ) and the horizontal position (in the horizontal direction of the window opening  2 ) of the clean box  6  are arranged in such a way that the lid  4  is fitted within the area of the window opening  2  and aligned with it. Thus, when the wafers  7  are to be transferred from the clean box  6  to the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10 , the docking plate  12  is moved,toward the mini-environment portion  5  (this operation will be referred to as “a docking operation” hereinafter) On the other hand, when processing of the wafers  7  has been completed and the clean box  6  is to be detached from the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10  and transferred to the next semiconductor wafer processing apparatus, the docking plate  12  is moved away from the mini-environment portion  5 . 
   The docking plate  12  is disposed on an access table  19  that is provided on the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10 . The access table  19  has a bore  24  having a substantially rectangular shape. The bore  24  is provided in order to prevent the air cylinder and other parts provided on the docking plate  12  for moving the docking plate  12  from interfering with the access table  19 . 
   The docking plate  12 , which is a movable part, is provided with a first stopper  20 , while the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10  is provided with a second stopper  21 . The first stopper  20  is provided with an abutting member  22  that is to be in surface contact with the second stopper  21 . The abutting member  22  is attached to a supporting member  23  that is extending from the bottom surface of the docking plate  12  downward through the bore  24 . On the other hand, the second stopper  21  is constituted by an inner side surface of the access plate  19  that defines the edge of the bore  24 . The abutting member  22  is so provided as to be opposed to the inner edge of the access plate  19  defining the bore  24 , so that when the docking plate  12  is moved toward the window opening  2  (i.e. in the right direction in  FIG. 2 ), the abutting member  22  would abut that edge defining the bore  24 . 
   The second stopper  21  may be constructed as a separate member composed of members similar to the abutting member  22  and the supporting member  23  of the first stopper instead of as the edge defining the bore  24 . In that case, the effects same as the structure of this embodiment can be realized by arranging the first stopper  20  and the second stopper  21  in such a way that the abutting surfaces of them are adjusted to be in the same height and opposed to each other to allow abutment. 
   Next, a description will be made of operations of the above-described structure with reference to  FIGS. 3A and 3B .  FIGS. 3A and 3B  are drawings schematically showing the movement of the docking plate  12  on the occasion of the docking operation. In  FIGS. 3A and 3B , each constituent part is also illustrated in a schematic manner. 
   When the transferring of wafers  7  is not performed, the window opening  2  is closed by the door  3  provided in the interior of the mini-environment portion  5 . The clean box  6  is closed by the lid  4  in a sealed state. 
   After the preceding process has been completed, the clean box  6  is fixed to a predetermined position on the docking plate  12 . After the clean box  6  is fixed to the docking plate  12 , the docking operation of the docking plate  12  is started (not shown). After the docking operation has been started and the docking plate  12  has been moved in a prescribed manner, the lid  4  of the clean box  6  abuts the door  3 , as shown in  FIG. 3A . In this state, the first stopper  20  and the second stopper  21  are not in contact with each other. At this stage, the docking plate  12  cannot move forward, since a part of the clean box  6 , that is, the lid  4  is blocked by the door  3 . Then, the lid  4  is held by the door  3  with a holding mechanism  8 . Under this state, the docking plate  12  is biased or pressed toward the window opening  2  by the air cylinder  15 . 
   After the abutment of the lid  4  and the door  3  is confirmed, the support portion  26  of the door  3  is swung about a pivot disposed in the driving portion, and the door  3  is moved away from the wall of the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10  toward the inner side of the apparatus (i.e. into the interior of the mini-environment portion  5 ). Then the clean box  6  starts to move together with the docking plate  12 , so that the docking operation is restarted. During this process, the lid  4  is not detached from the clean box  6 , though the door swings with the support portion  26 , since the clean box  6  itself moves in tandem with the door  3 . 
   With further swinging of the door  3  and docking operation, the first stopper  20  and the second stopper  21  are eventually in contact with each other, and the docking plate  12  is stopped. Since the docking plate  12  cannot move anymore, the clean box  6  cannot move anymore too. Therefore, when the door  3  continues swinging further, the lid  4  is moved with the door  3  that holds the lid  4  and detached from the clean box  6  as shown in  FIG. 3B , since the clean box  6  is fixed. 
   After completion of the detachment of the lid  4  from the clean box  6 , the door  3  is moved downward while holding the lid  4 . Thus, the interior of the mini-environment portion  5  and the interior of the clean box  6  are made accessible from each other through the window opening  2 . Under this state, a wafer  7  accommodated in the clean box  6  is transferred to the interior of the mini-environment portion  5  through the window opening  2 . 
   On the other hand, when the window opening  2  is to be closed by the door for allowing processing of the wafer  7 , the door  3  is moved following the process reverse to the above-described process, that is, the door  3  is moved upward, and the support portion  26  is swung about the pivot disposed in the driving portion, so that the window opening  2  is closed by the body portion  25  and the lid  4  is housed in the body housing of the clean box  6  to close it in a sealing manner. 
   In the case of the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus having a dust proof function as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-262472, clearance  16  of about 2 mm should be formed between the clean box  6  and the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10 , as shown in  FIG. 3A . On the other hand, tolerance in the size of the clean box  6  is about ±0.5 mm to 1 mm. Therefore, it is required that the clean box  6  be stopped accurately with the clearance of 2 mm being secured while the tolerance in the size is taken into account. This can be attained by arranging the positions of the first stopper  20  and the second stopper  21  in advance in such a way that when the first stopper  20  and the second stopper  21  are in contact with each other, clearance of at least 2 mm is formed between the clean box  6  and the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus  10 . With such arrangement, even if there are variations in the size of clean boxes  6  as described before, the clean box can be stopped at a prescribed position. Therefore, the clean box will not collide with the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus while ensuring the relationship of a distance sufficient for opening/closing of the lid  4 . 
   The present invention realizes the following advantageous effects. 
   (1) If there are variations in the size of clean boxes or the thickness of lids due to manufacturing tolerance etc., the clean box can be prevented from colliding with the semiconductor wafer processing apparatus, and it is possible to ensure the relationship of a distance sufficient for opening/closing of the lid  4 . 
   (2) It is possible to adjust the position at which the clean box should be stopped only by adjusting the contact positions of the first and second stoppers. 
   It is to be understood that the form of my invention herein shown and described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same and that various changes inn the shape, size and arrangement of parts may be resorted without departing from the spirit of my invention or the scope of the subjoined claims.