Abstract:
Reduction of 7(2-[(3R and 3S)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acid by microorganisms of the genera Streptomyces, Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium is disclosed. The products 7-(2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid(11-deoxy-15-epi-PGE 2 ), which is novel, and 7-(2-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid(11-deoxy-PGE 2 ), respectively, are useful as intermediates for the synthesis of other physiologically active ingredients.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 420,407, filed Nov. 30, 1973, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a method of directly converting ring unsaturated prostaglandins of the 15-epi PGA 2  and PGA 2  type, that is, 7-(2-[(3R and 3S)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acids, to 11-deoxy-15-epi- and 11-deoxy-PGE 2 , respectively. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention sought to be patented in its principal process aspect is described as residing in the concept of a process for the preparation of 7-[2-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)-5-oxo-cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoic acid which comprises treating 7-[2-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)-5-oxo-cyclopenten-1-yl]-5-heptenoic acid, with an organism selected from the genera: 
     A. Streptomyces, 
     B. Pseudomonas, and 
     C. Corynebacterium. 
     The tangible embodiments produced by the principal process aspect of the invention possess the inherent general physical properties of being oily liquids, being substantially insoluble in water, and generally soluble in such common organic solvents such as ethers, ketones, and esters, e.g., diethyl ether, acetone, and ethyl acetate. 
     Examination of the products produced by the aforesaid process reveals, upon infrared, ultraviolet, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectral, and thin layer chromatographic analyses, spectral data, and migration rates supporting the molecular structure hereinbefore set forth. 
     The tangible embodiments produced by the principal process aspect of the invention possess the inherent applied use characteristic of being an intermediate in the synthesis of other useful prostaglandins. 
     The invention sought to be patented in a first subgeneric process aspect is described as residing in the concept of a process for the preparation of 7-(2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid which comprises treating 7-(2-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acid; with an organism selected from the genera: 
     A. Streptomyces, and 
     B. Pseudomonas. 
     The invention sought to be patented in a second subgeneric process aspect is described as residing in the concept of a process for the preparation of 7-(2-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid which comprises treating 7-(2-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acid; with an organism selected from the genera: 
     A. Corynebacterium, 
     B. Pseudomonas, and 
     c. Streptomyces. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the process of the present invention, to produce, for example 7-(2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid (11-deoxy-15-epi PGE 2 ), 7-(2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acid is contacted with a suspension of mycelial cells of the organism Streptomyces griseus NRRL 3231 in a substantially aqueous fermentation medium. The temperature and incubation time are not critical, and one skilled in the art will recognize that variations thereof will merely affect the attainment of optimum yield. Preferably the incubation period may last from about 18 to about 24 hours, typically about 22 hours, while the temperature is preferably maintained from about room temperature to about 30°, typically 28°. The pH of the aqueous medium may vary from about 4 to about 8, and the fermentation is conveniently carried out with agitation. The isolation of 11-deoxy-15-epi PGE 2  may be accomplished by standard techniques, for example, partitioning of the reaction mixture with an immiscible solvent followed by column chromatography of the material extracted by the organic phase. 
     While the process of the invention has been illustrated above by the use of 7-(2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acid as the starting material and Streptomyces griseus NRRL 3231 as the organism accomplishing the reduction, the substitution of the other starting materials and/or organisms contemplated as equivalents within the scope of the invention will be obvious to one skilled in the art. Thus, for Streptomyces griseus NRRL 3231 one may, for example, substitute other Streptomyces organisms, such as: 
     
         Streptomyces caelestis    NRRL 2418Streptomyces viridifaciens                     NRRL B-1679Streptomyces rimosus forma paromomycinus                     NRRL 2455Streptomyces rimosus      ATCC 10970Streptomyces aureofaciens NRRL B-1287Streptomyces bellus       NRRL B-2575Streptomyces chartreusis  NRRL 2287Streptomyces avellaneus   ATCC 23730Streptomyces erumpens     ATCC 23266Streptomyces aureus       ATCC 3309Streptomyces cellulosae   ATCC 3313Streptomyces lipmanii     ATCC 3331Streptomyces antibioticus ATCC 8663Streptomyces halstedii    NRRL B-1235Streptomyces lavendulae   NRRL B-2343Streptomyces spectabilis  NRRL 2792                     NRRL 2794 
    
     pseudomonas organisms, such as: 
     
         Pseudomonas taetrolens NRRL B-14Pseudomonas ribicola   NRRL B-859Pseudomonas papaveris  NRRL B-1640Pseudomonas septica    NRRL B-2081Pseudomonas aeruginosa QM B-1468Pseudomonas reptilivora                  NRRL B-6bsPseudomonas cruciviae  NRRL B-1021Pseudomonas acidovorans                  NRRL B-802Pseudomonas putrefaciens                  NRRL B-950Pseudomonas desmolytica                  NRRL B-979Pseudomonas sp.        NRRL B-3266Pseudomonas sp.        NRRL B-3294 
    
     and Corynebacterium organisms, such as: 
     
         Corynebacterium simplex ATCC 6946Corynebacterium hoagii  ATCC 7005Corynebacterium equi    IFO 3730Corynebacterium mediolanum                   NCIB 7205Corynebacterium sepedonicum                   IFO 12188Corynebacterium lilium  NRRL B-2243 
    
     and, for example, one may substitute for 7-(2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acid, 7-(2-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acid. 
     While not critical, for optimum yield, the composition of the nutrient medium employed may vary. Preferably, a yeast extract-dextrose medium or a corn steep liquor medium, such as are described hereinbelow are preferred. 
     The starting materials for the practice of the invention, namely the aforementioned 7-(2-[(3R and 3S)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acids are well-known in the literature. For example, 7-(2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acid methyl ester, acetate may be obtained from the coral Plexaura homomalia by a procedure as described by A. Weinheimer and R. Spraggins in Tetrahedron Letters, 59, 5185, (1969). The diester may be hydrolyzed to the free hydroxyl and carboxyl functions by a procedure as described by Leeming and Greenspan in U.S. Pat. No. 3,726,765, Apr. 10, 1973. This may be esterified by standard techniques to produce the methyl ester. The methyl ester may be racemized to produce 7-(2-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acid methyl ester by a procedure described by Bundy et al. in Annals of New York Academy of Science, Vol.  180, Prostaglandins, p. 76. Hydrolysis of the methyl ester to the free carboxylic acid may be accomplished by standard techniques. 
     7-(2-[(3R and 3S)-3-Hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acids are useful, for example, as intermediates for the synthesis of other prostaglandins which are bronchodilators. A typical synthesis is described in pending application Ser. No. 383,007, filed July 26, 1973, and copending with this application. Therein 7-(2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-cyclopentyl)-5-heptenoic acid is oxidized to 7-[3(3-oxo-1-octenyl)-5-oxo-cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoic acid and substituents introduced into the 3-oxo group on the octenyl side chain, and the various double bonds are selectively reduced. Among the products thereof are the previously known compounds 11-deoxy-15-methyl-dihydro-PGE 1  (U.S. Pat. No. 3,671,370, June 20, 1972). 7-(2-[(3S)-3-Hydroxy-1-octenyl]-3-oxo-cyclopentyl)-3-heptenoic acid obviously can be used interchangeably in the above described sequence of reactions. 
     The following examples further illustrate the best mode contemplated by the inventors for carrying out the invention: 
     EXAMPLE I 
     7-(2-[(3R)-3-Hydroxy-1-Octenyl)-3-Oxo-Cyclopentyl]-3-Heptenoic Acid 
     A. Five agar slants of Streptomyces griseus NRRL 3231 are each washed with 3 ml. of distilled water, and the cell suspensions transferred to five 1-liter flasks containing 200 ml. of yeast extract-dextrose medium described in Example II A. for 24 hours. Mycelial transfers, 800 ml., are made to a 14 liter fermentor containing 8 liters of the following medium: 
     
         Corn Steep Liquor      5.0      g.Dextrose               20.0     g.Peptone                20.0     g.Distilled Water        10.00    ml. 
    
     The medium is autoclaved for 20 sec. at 121°C. 
     After 24 hours of incubation at 28°, agitation 130 rpm., aeration 4 liter of air per min., 7-(2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acid, 16 g. diluted in 90 ml. of ethanol, is added to the fermentor. Incubation is continued under the same conditions for 16.3 hours, when the agitation is increased to 200 rpm. and the aeration to 6 liters of air per min. The fermentation is harvested 3.5 hours later. 
     The pH of the fermentation mixture is lowered to pH 4.5-5.0 and then filtered. The mycelium is washed with warm water, and then water wash and filtrate are combined. The combined filtrate is extracted with ether and the extract washed, dried and evaporated. Silica chromatography of the residue with 35% ethyl acetate in hexane gives the title product 10.6 g. I.R. analysis λ max   film  3.0 (shoulder) 3.45, 5.80, 7.1, 8.15, 8.7, 10.35μ. NMR Analysis: Signals at δ = 7.55 (singlet 2 protons, OH), 6.60 (multiplet, 2 protons, 13 and 14H), 6.40 (multiplet, 2 proton, 2-, 5- and GH), 4.12 (multiplet, 1 proton, 15H) ppm. Mass spectral analysis: 
     Calc: M + , m/e 336 M +-18  m/e 318.2194 
     Found: M + , m/e 336 M +-18  m/e 318.2178. 
     B. The same product as that obtained in part A above is obtained by following a procedure similar to that outlined in part A and substituting for the organism Streptomyces griseus NRRL 3231, the following organisms: 
     
         Pseudomonas taetrolens NRRL B-14Pseudomonas ribicola   NRRL B-859Pseudomonas papaveris  NRRL B-1640Pseudomonas septica    NRRL B-2081Pseudomonas sp.        NRRL B-3266Psuedomonas sp.        NRRL B-3294 
    
     EXAMPLE II 
     7-(2-[(3S)-3-Hydroxy-1-Octenyl]-5-Oxo-Cyclopentyl)-5-Heptenoic Acid 
     A. Two agar slants of Corynebacterium simplex ATCC 6946 are each washed with 5 ml. of a yeast extract-dextrose (1% each) solution, and 4.5 ml. of the cell suspensions are transferred to each of two 1-liter flasks containing 200 ml. of the same medium: 
     
         Yeast extract         1%Dextrose              1%Distilled Water       100 ml. 
    
     Autoclaved 15 sec., 121° C. 
     The flasks are incubated at 28° for 24 hours on a rotary shaker, as in Example I A. Twenty ml. transfers are made to 12, 1-liter flasks containing 200 ml. of the same medium, and a 10 ml. transfer is made to a 500 ml. flask with 100 ml. of medium. 
     After 25 hours of growth, the pH of the flasks is adjusted to 6.7 with 5 N HCl. Forty mg. of 7-(2-[(3S)-3-hydroxy-1-octenyl]-5-oxo-3-cyclopenten-1-yl)-5-heptenoic acid diluted in 2 ml. of ethanol is added to each one liter flask, and 20 mg. in one ml. of ethanol is added to the single 500 ml. flask. The flasks are put under N 2  and incubated as above. Following 22.5 hours of shaking, the flasks are harvested. The mixture is filtered and the filtrate acidified with acetic acid and extracted with ether. After washing and drying, the filtrate is evaporated and the resulting residue chromatographed on silica. Elution with 40% ethyl acetate in hexane affords 0.42 g. of the title product. I.R. Analysis: λ max   film  3.0 (shoulder), 3.4, 5.7, 7.05, 8.1, 8.6, 10.3μ . 
     NMR Analysis: 6.78 (S, 2, OH), 5.68 (M, 2, 13 and 14-H), 5.35 (M, 2.5 and 6-H), 4.12 (M, 1, 15-H) ppm. Mass Spectral Analysis: M +  at m/e 336 (theory = 336). 
     B. The same product as that obtained in part A above is obtained by following a procedure similar to that outlined in part A, but substituting for the organism Corynebacterium simplex ATCC 6946 the following organisms: 
     
         Corynebacterium hoagii                ATCC 7005Corynebacterium equi IFO 3730Corynebacterium mediolanum                NCIB 7205Corynebacterium sepedonicum                IFO 12188Corynebacterium lilium                NRRL B-2243Pseudomonas papaveris                NRRL B-1640Psuedomonas septica  NRRL B-2081Pseudomonas aeruginosa                QM B-1468Pseudomonas reptilivora                NRRL B-6bsPseudomonas cruciviae                NRRL B-1021Pseudomonas acidovorans                NRRL B-802Pseudomonas putrefaciens                NRRL B-950Pseudomonas desmolytica                NRRL B-979Pseudomonas sp.      NRRL B-3266Pseudomonas sp.      NRRL B-3291Streptomyces caelestis                NRRL 2418Streptomyces viridifaciens                NRRL B-1679Streptomyces rimosas forma                NRRL 2455 paromomycinusStreptomyces rimosus ATCC 10970Streptomyces aureofaciens                NRRL B-1287Streptomyces bellus  NRRL B-2575Streptomyces chartreusis                NRRL 2287Streptomyces avellaneus                ATCC 23730Streptomyces erumpens                ATCC 23266Streptomyces aureus  ATCC 3309Streptomyces cellulosae                ATCC 3313Streptomyces lipmanii                ATCC 3331Streptomyces antibioticus                ATCC 8663Streptomyces halstedii                NRRL B-1235Streptomyces avendulae                NRRL B-2343Streptomyces spectabilis                NRRL 2792, NRRL 2794