Abstract:
Means and method for mounting utility boxes, panels, or like housings, as between studding in the framework of a building. A self-supporting tool is provided that can be interposed manually between a pair of flanking wooden studs or equivalent vertical structural members at desired height and depth of insertion. The tool, when manually released, engages the studs forcibly enough, as by indenting their sides, to be held in place while a utility box or panel is placed on the tool by the user of the tool, who then secures the box or panel in place by inserting fastening means, such as nails or screws, through its side and into the sides of the studs. The tool gauges the depth of insertion of the box or panel between the studs, by contact with the front surfaces of the studs and the rear surface of the box or panel.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to the mounting of electrical or other utility boxes, panels, or similar housings between wooden studs or equivalent vertical members, as in conventional building framework, and concerns chiefly a tool to simplify and expedite such mounting. 
     Electrical utility boxes or panels, to be properly mounted, must be held--first temporarily and then permanently--at desired height, depth, and orientation. All this should be accomplished with a minimum of assistance, effort, error, expense, and time. Usually two people are required: one person to hold the item to be mounted, and another person to secure it in place, but one person should be adequate, given the aid of an appropriate tool. 
     Tools for aiding the mounting of electrical outlet or switch boxes are known that utilize spring bias for gripping a stud and part of such box between the jaws of such a tool, thus temporarily supporting the box against the stud until a more nearly permanent connection can be made, as by nailing through openings in the side of the box to retain it securely in place. Examples of such tools are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,956,798 to Briggs 2,962,281 to Hodgson; 3,154,304 to Crawford and 3,751,026 to Stickney. 
     Notwithstanding such efforts, mounting of larger boxes, panels, or the like cannot be accomplished with the tools so provided. Nor is it desirable to devise very complex apparatus for this purpose. My invention is designed to answer the apparent needs, but without introducing unwanted complications as so many new tools seem to do. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In general, the present invention attains its objectives via a self-supporting tool that an operator or user can interpose in part between a pair of flanking wooden studs or equivalent vertical structural members, as in the framework of a building, to support a utility box or panel at the desired height and depth of insertion. The same person then can secure such item to the studding or like structure. More particularly, the tool telescopes laterally and is spring-biased to increased width to hold itself in place temporarily against the sides of the flanking studs. The tool has at its ends front gauging means to contact the aligned front faces of the studs, and it also has rear gauging means to contact the rear and bottom of a box or panel supported on the tool, to ensure that it is at the desired height and depth of insertion. Handles enable the tool to be manually telescoped to decreased width against the spring bias, so as to be removed after the box or panel has been secured in place. 
     A primary object of the present invention is to enable a person to mount an electrical utility box or panel at desired height and depth of insertion between vertical members of building framework without holding it manually in place or having another person do so. 
     Another object of this invention is to gauge the position of such a box or panel, especially its depth of insertion between such vertical framework members, while supporting it in place temporarily other than manually. 
     A further object of the invention is to enable one person to mount such a box or panel better than two can do conventionally. 
     Yet another object of this invention is to provide a tool for enabling its user to install such a box or panel readily so as to accomplish the foregoing objects without human assistance. 
     A still further object of the invention is to provide such a tool that is self-supporting while such a box or panel gauged and supported thereby is permanently secured in place, and that then can be removed readily for reuse. 
     Other objects of this invention, together with means and methods for attaining the various objects, will be apparent from this specification in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. A preferred embodiment of the invention is so presented, but only by way of example rather than limitation. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mounting tool according to this invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a rear elevation of the tool of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a front elevation of the same tool, with a box or panel shown supported thereon between a pair of flanking studs; and 
     FIG. 4 is a side sectional elevation taken at IV--IV on FIG. 3 before removal of the tool. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     FIG. 1 shows, in perspective, tool 10 of this invention in a normal use orientation but apart from its use environment. Along the rear is rear gauging means 11 (in an angle-iron configuration), including vertical back member 11A and horizontal base member 11B. The base member has pair of angle brackets 12, 12&#39; fastened to its lower face by pair of connectors 21, 21&#39;. Pair of connectors 22, 22&#39; join the brackets to cylindrical member 13 (square cross-section) extending from side to side for a major part of the tool width. 
     The front of tool 10 is partly cut away in FIG. 1, between striplike front means 16, 16&#39; (extending laterally along all but its middle part) to reveal compression spring 14 coiled inside the cylinder. The spring is restrained at its right end (not visible here) against elongated connecter 22&#39; and at its left end against the right end (also not visible) of slide or piston 15, whose left end protrudes from the left end of the cylinder. The piston is of similar but somewhat smaller cross-section and is much shorter than the cylinder. Front slot 28, through striplike front means 16 and through the right end portion of cylinder 13 and piston 15 inside, extends a short distance to the left after straddling the head of connector 22 at its right. A similar rear slot (28&#39;) is scarcely visible in this view but appears in the next view, discussed later. 
     The left end of the piston and the right end of the cylinder receive and carry respective interior end portions of right-angled side members 17, 17&#39; whose outer portions extend rearward at a right angle to the telescoping direction and to the cylinder and piston. Pair of connectors 26 fasten the inside portion of the left side member to the piston, whereas pair of connectors 26&#39; fasten the inside portion of the right side member to the cylinder. Outside, each side member carries affixed thereto, facing laterally outward, sharp pointed indenting means 27 at the left side and 27&#39; at the right side; their role in supporting the tool is discussed below. 
     Striplike front means 16 (J-shaped in plan) left of center and 16&#39; (mirror-imaged in plan) at the right are affixed to the front face of the piston and the cylinder by the last mentioned respective connector pairs and by respective connectors 22, 22&#39;, which also hold the angle brackets noted previously. The J-hook portions of the striplike means curve frontward, spaced closely enough together to be gripped by one hand and thus to constitute respective left and right handles 18, 18&#39;. 
     The opposite ends of the striplike front means extend in mutual alignment beyond the opposite ends of the piston and the cylinder (also laterally beyond the attached side members) so as to constitute respective front gauging means 19, 19&#39;. The front and rear gauging means together ensure the proper depth of insertion or interposition of the tool, and a box or panel supported on it, between a pair of studs or other vertical frame members of a building, as explained further below. 
     FIG. 2 shows tool 10 in rear elevation, rendering visible a number of the parts hidden or only fragmentarily seen in FIG. 1. Included are rear slot 28&#39; through the piston and an overlying part of the cylinder, angle brackets 12, 12&#39;, and (in broken lines) the biasing spring. Of course, the left and right parts of the tool are shown relatively reversed (mirror images) in these two views. 
     FIG. 3 shows tool 10 of the preceding views, here in front elevation, between pair of flanking studs 20, 20&#39;. Outward facing pointed indenting means 27, 27&#39; on side members 17, 17&#39; are not visible (except where a stud is partly broken away to show one) because they are indented into the adjacent side of each of the flanking studs under the biasing force of the compression spring. Box or panel 30 (shown in broken lines) rests on horizontal member 11B of rear gauging means 11 of the tool. The rear surfaces of respective front gauging members 19, 19&#39; at the opposite ends of the tool are contiguous with the aligned front surfaces of the studs, and the back of the box or panel is contiguous with the forward face of vertical member 11A of the rear gauging means. Together these gauging means assure proper depth of insertion of the tool and the supported box or panel between the studs, while the user is free to secure the box or panel to the studs. 
     FIG. 4 shows the same tool in side sectional elevation, as indicated at IV--IV on FIG. 3. This view confirms the contiguity of the rear face of visible gauging member 19&#39; and the front face of stud 20&#39;, as well as of the back of box or panel 30 and front surface of vertical member 11A of rear gauging means 11. The front of the box or panel (at the left in this view) is seen to protrude beyond the front surface of the studs, to allow for a layer of dry wall material such as is customarily installed over studding. 
     Shown further here are the square cross-section of cylinder 13 and of piston 15 therein, the helical shape of compression spring 14 inside the cylinder, and the extent of connector 22, which passes through the piston, the cylinder end portion, and striplike front means 16. Also shown here (in broken lines) are the heads of fastening means 33 extending through a couple of openings 32 in the side wall of box or panel 30 (also shown in broken lines) and into the adjacent stud or equivalent vertical frame member. Such fastening means may be screws, as suggested by slots indicated in their heads here, or may be nails or other equivalent means. 
     Use of the tool of this invention is readily understood. The tool user, having noted the desired height of the bottom of the electrical box or panel to be mounted, squeezes the handles of the tool together sufficiently so that the points or teeth of the indenting means clear the adjacent parallel sides of a pair of studs between which the box or panel is to be mounted. Next the user inserts the tool until the rear vertical surfaces of the gauging ends of the tool touch the front faces of the studs. The user then releases the handles, whereupon the tool expands laterally and seats itself in the studs. The user places the box or panel onto the tool, taking care that its back abuts the vertical member of the tool&#39;s rear gauging means to ensure proper insertion depth of the box or panel relative to the studding. Next the operator inserts nails, screws, or similar fastening means through openings in the box or panel (or in flanges or the like, if any, attached to it) and into the studs. Then the user squeezes the handles together to release the teeth-like indenting means from the sides of the studs, and removes the tool for reuse. 
     Such a procedure is simpler than having one person hold such a box or panel in position and another person fasten it in place. Of course, paying only one person to do so saves part of the usual cost. Moreover, once the tool is placed accurately, the box or panel supported on it is in the desired position as to height, depth of insertion between the studs (or like vertical members), and level orientation. The quality of the work is improved by eliminating the possibility of misplacement due to a lack of coordination or understanding, such as may occur when more than one person is involved in doing the actual mounting. 
     The tool itself can be fabricated from ordinary sheet metal as it requires no special materials or methods of construction. Alternatively, it may be made from cast or molded metal or even plastic parts if desired. The spring may be of any suitable diameter, length, number of turns, and composition. Ordinary spring steel having about a dozen turns, about half a foot long, and about an inch in diameter is suitable. When the spring is released from manual compression it should be resilient enough to force the tool&#39;s pointed teeth into a wooden stud far enough (e.g., about a fourth inch) to hold both the tool and a utility box or panel on it in place unaided--at least long enough for the user to secure the box or panel permanently to the flanking vertical members of building framework or the like. 
     It will be understood that the illustrated embodiment of the tool of this invention is intended for use chiefly by right-handed persons, inasmuch as the tool usually is grasped with the palm of the hand underneath the handles. In this position the fingers of the right hand grip the left handle, affixed to the piston, and contract to telescope the piston to the right, into the cylinder. The heel of the thumb of the right hand hardly moves, thus holding the body of the tool (the cylinder, the rear gauging means, and the right front gauging member, etc.) more nearly motionless. For a left-handed person, a mirror-image embodiment of the tool can be readily provided, with the piston at the right instead of the left. 
     Conventional spacing of wooden studding (as on sixteen-inch centers) dictates not only the lateral extent of this tool but also the width of many electrical boxes or panels to fit between such studs with modest clearance. Of course, the sizes can be altered to accommodate other vertical member spacing in new or existing construction. In addition to electrical utility boxes and panels, utility housings of dissimilar function but similar shape may be mounted likewise, such as medicine cabinets, for example. 
     Although the invention has been described mainly in terms of a preferred embodiment, the configuration and the dimensions of the tool, as well as the procedure of using it or an equivalent thereof, could be changed within reasonable limits, as noted above. Indeed, other modifications could also be made, as by adding, combining, deleting, or subdividing parts or steps, while retaining at least some of the advantages and benefits of the invention, which itself is defined in the following claims.