Abstract:
A sprayer head is provided for attachment to a container containing a chemical product to be diluted by a carrier stream. The sprayer head includes a hose attachment member having structure for attaching the sprayer head to a source of the carrier stream. The sprayer head also includes a cap member, including structure for attaching the sprayer head to the container and a control mechanism movably connected to the cap member for controlling fluid communication between the cap member and the container. The control mechanism can be either reciprocated or rotated so that the sprayer head can be used either to spray a low viscosity liquid product in varying dilutions or to dilute and spray a mixture of high viscosity liquid, gelatinous or powdered product and carrier stream fluid. The control mechanism includes a seal member having product apertures of increasing sizes for controlling the varying dilutions.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a spraying apparatus and especially to a multipurpose spraying apparatus having a sealing member incorporating selectable product apertures into the sealing member itself.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Liquid aspirators are commonly employed to apply diluted solutions containing chemicals such as pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, and fertilizers to lawns or garden foliage. Such aspirators are also commonly used to dispense detergents (including liquid, gelatinous and dry detergents). There are two general types of sprayers that are employed for these functions, those that use concentrated liquid chemical solutions of various viscosities, and those that utilize gelatinous substances or powdered dry chemicals. Typically, both types of sprayers are attached to a garden hose.  
           [0003]    In the case of the liquid chemical aspiration sprayer, the pressure of the water delivered by the hose through the sprayer creates a negative pressure gradient or venturi that causes the chemical solution to be aspirated into the water stream, thereby providing a diluted solution to be sprayed.  
           [0004]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,923, for example, discloses a variable dilution ratio hose-end aspirator sprayer. The sprayer comprises a container for housing the liquid to be mixed with the water and a mixing head having a nozzle at one end thereof and a garden hose attachment device at the other end thereof. The sprayer also includes a mixing chamber within the mixing head, a hose for communicating the liquid from the container to the mixing head and a disk having a plurality of apertures therein rotatably mounted in the mixing head to control flow from the container to the mixing chamber. A flow tube communicates liquid in the container to the inlet in the mixing chamber through a selected aperture in the disk so that the liquid is diluted with pressurized water at a dilution ratio determined by the size of the aperture aligned with the tube and the mixing chamber. The sprayer also includes a cleaning orifice positioned circumferential from the mixing chamber so that each aperture of the disk may be selectively aligned with the cleaning orifice for cleaning.  
           [0005]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,039,016 also discloses an aspiration-type chemical sprayer for dispensing small quantities of a liquid-based chemical into a stream of carrier fluid. The sprayer includes a sprayer head assembly sealingly mounted onto a container for storing the chemical to be disbursed. The sprayer head assembly also includes a multifunction unitary valve for providing a range of aspiration rates simultaneously with full communication of the container interior to atmospheric pressure. The valve may also include means for positive and simultaneous closure of the aspiration and vent passages so as to seal the chemical in the container when the sprayer is not in use.  
           [0006]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,100,059 similarly discloses an aspiration-type chemical sprayer including a sprayer head assembly sealingly mounted onto a container holding chemicals such as pesticides or fertilizers. A unitary valve in the sprayer head assembly controls carrier fluid flow from a pressurized source of water while simultaneously providing a controlled aspiration rate and full communication of the container interior to atmospheric pressure. The valve additionally includes simultaneous closure of the carrier fluid, aspiration and vent passage ways so as to seal the chemical in the container when the sprayer is not being used.  
           [0007]    In general, the liquid chemical aspiration sprayers include a container for holding the chemical solution to be diluted and sprayed and a sprayer/mixing head. The base portion of the sprayer head serves as a cover for the chemical container. Such sprayer heads generally include an adapter for connecting the sprayer head to a standard garden hose, and a hand valve for turning on and off the flow of water from the garden hose. The sprayer head also includes an aperture over which water from the garden hose passes to mix with undiluted chemical solution from the container. Such sprayer heads may also include a venturi chamber in which the water from the garden hose mixes with the chemical from the container.  
           [0008]    In principle, as water passes over the aperture or through the venturi chamber, a siphoning or vacuum action is created by virtue of the velocity of the water passing over the aperture or through the chamber, to draw chemical from the container into the water stream for dilution. The basis of operation of these sprayers is, in closed venturi type systems, Bernoulli&#39;s principle. And, in aspiration type sprayers open to the atmosphere, the principle under which product is drawn from the container is known as the Kuanda effect.  
           [0009]    Liquid chemical aspiration sprayers are of two general types. Many of these sprayers have a fixed, nonadjustable dilution ratio. However, other commercially available liquid chemical aspiration sprayers provide for multiple dilution ratios. These multiple dilution ratio sprayers generally do not require chemical premixing and directly provide the desired concentration of liquid chemical into the carrier stream. The variation in the dilution ratios is generally provided in these sprayers by either varying the size of the opening of the passageway between the chemical container to the mixing chamber, or by varying the size of the vent opening which allows air into the mixing chamber in order to control the level of vacuum and the resulting siphoning action on the liquid chemical from the container. In both types of multiple dilution sprayers, a rotatable wheel or slideable stem, which incorporates orifices of various sizes, is interposed in the passageway or the vent opening and is used to select the appropriate dilution ratio.  
           [0010]    Sprayers that are to be used for wettable chemical powders also utilize the same basic container sprayer/mixing head design as liquid chemical aspiration sprayers. But, when the water delivered from the hose enters the sprayer/mixing head, a portion of that stream is directed into the container to dissolve and dilute the wettable chemical powder therein. Once diluted, the product solution enters that portion of the water stream exiting the sprayer under the influence of the negative pressure gradient described above and by displacement of the solution within the container by incoming water.  
           [0011]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,007,588 also discloses an aspiration-type sprayer comprising a sprayer head which is permanently attachable to a container in which additive material is received. The sprayer head may be moveable between positions controlling the degree of aspiration affected, and is provided with a cap moveable between a first position in which the cap seals the container and prevents the additive material from escaping therefrom and a second position in which the container is unsealed and aspiration of the contents thereof can take place. Elements may be provided as part of the sprayer assembly for controlling the flow of the aspirating fluid. The cap is secured in its sealing position by an element which requires special manipulating for release, thereby providing an important safety feature.  
           [0012]    U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,320,288 and 5,372,310 each disclose an aspiration-type sprayer that is attached to a product container. This sprayer includes a control mechanism for simultaneously controlling the flow of the carrier stream through the nozzle and the chemical product. This sprayer provides the ability to spray both the chemical solution and pure carrier fluid, as well as the ability to be placed in a sealed “off” position. More particularly, the means for controlling the flow of carrier fluid can be opened while the chemical product is sealed within the container. In this sprayer, the product channel is both substantially linear and substantially reduced in length.  
           [0013]    U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,320,288 and 5,372,310 also disclose a means to dispense a soluble solid chemical or a wettable powder. The control mechanism can be slid into a position where a portion of the carrier stream is diverted into the container to dilute the dry chemical. The resulting chemical solution then exits the container via a product channel and is placed back into the non-diverted portion of the carrier stream, again under the influence of the aforementioned negative pressure gradient and displacement with incoming water.  
           [0014]    Typically, in the above-described sprayers, including the apparatus described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,230,288 and 5,372,310, product flows through one or more apertures in the valve or apparatus body and/or selection element. The selection element may be connectively engaged to the valve body. The connection between the selection element and the valve body must be airtight in order to provide a vacuum necessary for aspiration. In order to provide the airtight seal, a separate sealing means is generally provided in the form of a gasket, membrane or o-rings.  
           [0015]    Additionally, a common problem associated with sprayer application devices, small apertures have a tendency to become clogged or blocked by debris in the material being diluted. Commonly, this is overcome, by a user probing the aperture to eliminate the blockage or by the use of a filter screen at the beginning of the product flow passages. In both instances, the effect is essentially undesirable due to potential damage to the product and additional costs. It is noted that some application devices do not allow access to the apertures for cleaning, rendering a clogged device a faulty device.  
           [0016]    An advantage exists, therefore, for a sealing and selection member for any type of application and/or mixing system that incorporates the selectable product apertures directly into the sealing element itself. This would allow the use of fixed apertures in the valve body itself in a preferred diameter to insure proper tolerances are met for optimal performance of the aspiration principal.  
           [0017]    Another advantage exists for a sealing member formed from an elastomeric material which would allow apertures of a diagonal or less than linear nature.  
           [0018]    Another advantage exists for an application device having apertures which are self-cleaning.  
           [0019]    A further advantage exists for a multi-function spraying application device which can spray simultaneously from two separate containers.  
           [0020]    Finally, an advantage exists for a sealing member which includes product apertures having a broad range of sealing applications.  
         SUMMARY OF INVENTION  
         [0021]    Accordingly, the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides an aspiration type sprayer head for attachment to a container containing either a liquid or dry chemical product to be diluted by a carrier stream. The sprayer comprises a cap member having means for attaching the cap member to a source of the carrier stream and means for attaching the cap member to the container.  
           [0022]    The cap member further includes a carrier stream flow passage, outlet means communicable with the carrier stream flow passage for delivering product from the container to the carrier stream flow passage, and inlet means communicable with the carrier stream flow passage and an ambient atmosphere for delivering a selected one of a portion of the carrier stream fluid and ambient air to the container. A valve element is slidable between “ON” and “OFF” positions to control carrier stream flow through the carrier stream passage.  
           [0023]    The sprayer head further comprises control means movably connected to the cap member for controlling fluid communication between the cap member and the container. The control means comprises a seal member having at least one product aperture and preferably a plurality of product apertures of different aperture sizes communicable with the outlet means of the cap member for delivering product from the container to the carrier stream flow passage, and may also comprise one or more carrier stream inlet ports communicable with the carrier stream flow passage and the inlet means of the cap member and/or one or more vent channels communicating with atmospheric air. The control means is selectively disposable into a plurality of positions with respect to said cap member.  
           [0024]    According to a first presently preferred embodiment conducive to spraying liquid product, when the control means is placed into one of a plurality of “first positions” with respect to the cap member, the inlet means of the cap member communicates with the ambient atmosphere and delivers ambient air to the container. Simultaneously, one of the plurality of product apertures communicates with the outlet means of the cap member and the carrier stream flow passage. With the control means so disposed, undiluted liquid product is drawn from the container and diluted by the carrier stream in the carrier stream flow passage and diluted product is discharged from the sprayer head at a first preselected dilution ratio while ambient air displaces product drawn from the container. When the control means is placed into another of the plurality of first positions with respect to the cap member, another one of the plurality of product apertures having a different aperture size is brought into alignment with the outlet means of the cap member and the carrier stream flow passage. Under these circumstances, product is drawn from the container and diluted by the carrier stream in the carrier stream flow passage and diluted product is discharged from the sprayer head at another preselected dilution ratio different from the first preselected dilution ratio. In addition, the control means may be disposed into other positions whereby only carrier stream is dispensed by the apparatus or the apparatus is sealed as to all fluid flow.  
           [0025]    In accordance with a further presently preferred embodiment suitable for spraying powdered product, highly viscous liquid product or gelatinous substances, when the control means is placed into one of a plurality of “first positions” with respect to the cap member, one of a plurality of carrier stream inlet ports communicates with the carrier stream flow passage and the inlet means of the cap member and delivers a portion of the carrier stream to the container. Concurrently, one of the plurality of the product apertures communicates with the outlet means of the cap member and the carrier stream flow passage. With the control means in this disposition, the portion of the carrier stream delivered to the container mixes with the product and the mixed carrier stream and product is drawn from the container and diluted by the carrier stream in the carrier stream flow passage at a first preselected dilution ratio whereupon the diluted carrier stream and product mixture is discharged from the sprayer head. When the control means is placed into another of the plurality of first positions with respect to the cap member, another carrier stream inlet port is brought into communication with the carrier stream flow passage and the inlet means of the cap member while another one of the plurality of product apertures having a different aperture size is brought into alignment with the outlet means of the cap member and the carrier stream flow passage. Accordingly, carrier stream is again delivered to the container and mixes with the product and mixed carrier stream and product is drawn from the container and diluted by the carrier stream in the carrier stream flow passage and diluted product is discharged from the sprayer head at another preselected dilution ratio different from the first preselected dilution ratio. Again, the control means may also be disposed into other positions whereby only carrier stream fluid is dispensed by the apparatus or the apparatus is sealed as to all fluid flow.  
           [0026]    According to a further preferred embodiment wherein the sprayer is adapted to spray either liquid or dry product, when the control means is placed into one of a plurality of “first positions” with respect to the cap member, the inlet means of the cap member communicates with the ambient atmosphere and delivers ambient air to the container and one of the plurality of product apertures communicates with the outlet means of the cap member and the carrier stream flow passage, whereby undiluted liquid product is drawn from the container and diluted by the carrier stream in the carrier stream flow passage and diluted product is discharged from the sprayer head while ambient air displaces product drawn from the container. Likewise, when the control means is disposed into another of the first positions, a different dilution ratio of the liquid product may be effectuated.  
           [0027]    When the control means is placed into one of a plurality of “second positions” with respect to the cap member, one of the plurality of carrier stream inlet ports communicates with the carrier stream flow passage and the inlet means of the cap member and delivers a portion of the carrier stream to the container. At the same time, another of the plurality of dry powdered product within the container apertures communicates with the outlet means of the cap member and the carrier stream flow passage, whereby the portion of the carrier stream delivered to the container mixes with dry powder, viscous liquid or gelatinous product, within the container and the mixed carrier stream and product is drawn from the container and diluted by the carrier stream in the carrier stream flow passage whereupon the diluted carrier stream and product mixture is discharged from the sprayer head. As should be apparent, when the control means is placed into another of the second positions, the product may be dispensed by the sprayer at a different dilution ratio.  
           [0028]    When placed into a third position with respect to said cap member, the control means prevents communication between said carrier stream flow passage and both the inlet means and the outlet means of the cap member, whereby only carrier stream fluid is discharged from the sprayer head. Or, in the case when carrier stream flow is terminated, sealing the container openings.  
           [0029]    The control means may assume the form of a reciprocable plate slidingly connected to the cap member or a rotatable disk rotatably connected thereto or any number of configurations. The plurality of product apertures preferably includes at least a first set of product apertures of varying sizes for dispensing a mixture of carrier stream fluid and either liquid or dry product from the container at various dilution ratios. Alternatively, the plurality of product apertures may also include a second set of product apertures of varying sizes. In such case, a user may selectively dispense liquid product from one container at various dilution ratios through one of the first and seconds sets of product apertures. The user may then reuse the liquid product container or replace same with a container holding powdered solid highly viscous liquid or gelatinous product. Thereafter, the user may manipulate the control means such that the sprayer apparatus dispenses product through the other or both of the first and second sets of product apertures to achieve variable dilution ratios of product to be discharged.  
           [0030]    The present invention further provides a sealing and selection member for any type of application and/or mixing system that incorporates the selectable product apertures directly into the sealing element itself. This would allow the use of fixed apertures in the valve body itself in a preferred diameter to insure proper tolerances are met for optimal performance of the aspiration principal.  
           [0031]    Other details, objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent as the following description of the presently preferred embodiments and presently preferred methods of practicing the invention proceeds. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0032]    The invention will become more readily apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments therefor shown, by way of example only, in the accompanying drawings, wherein:  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 1 is a side view of the sprayer apparatus of the present invention;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 2 is a partial top view of the sprayer apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIGS. 3A, 3B and  3 C are top views of a first preferred embodiment the sprayer apparatus of the present invention depicting a slideable control means in several positions associated with dispensing liquid product solution from the apparatus;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIGS. 4A, 4B and  4 C are top views of a further preferred embodiment the sprayer apparatus of the present invention depicting a slideable control means in several positions associated with dispensing powdered product from the apparatus;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIGS. 5A, 5B and  5 C are top views of a further preferred embodiment the sprayer apparatus of the present invention depicting a slideable control means in several positions associated with dispensing either liquid or powdered product from the apparatus;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 6 is a top view of the control plate of FIG. 3A;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 7 is a top view of the control plate of FIG. 4A FIG. 8 is a top view of the control plate of FIG. 5A;  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 9 is a top plan view of an alternative, rotatable control plate;  
         [0041]    FIGS.  10 - 12  are a cross-sectional views of alternate embodiments of the present invention;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 13 is a top view of an alternate embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 14 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of the present invention depicted in FIG. 13;  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 15 is a top view of the control plate of the embodiment of FIGS.  13 - 14 . 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0045]    Referring to the drawings wherein like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views, there is shown in FIG. 1 a sprayer apparatus constructed in accordance with a first presently preferred embodiment of the invention. The sprayer apparatus includes a sprayer head or housing  1  formed of rigid material such as metal or, more preferably, plastic and generally comprised of a cap member  5  having hose attachment means  7  and container attachment means  9 . Hose attachment means  7  is typically an internally threaded member removably attachable to a hose end (not shown) for supply of a carrier stream of pressurized fluid to the cap member  5 . In most applications, it is contemplated that the carrier stream fluid will be water supplied by a common garden hose (not shown). Alternatively, it is contemplated that the sprayer apparatus may be used in commercial or industrial applications with sources of carriers streams other than water, such as other liquids including chemical solvents or gaseous fluids such as air. Container attachment means  9  which may assume the form of any suitable connecting structure, e.g., threading, snaps or the like, for permanent or releasable sealing attachment of the cap member to a product container  11 , the interior of which is capable of holding a chemical product to be diluted and sprayed. The chemical product can be either a liquid or a powdered solid.  
         [0046]    Cap member  5  further includes a control means  13  (FIG. 2) which is disposed generally above container attachment means  9 . According to a first preferred embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS.  6 - 8 , control means  13  includes a reciprocable and longitudinally slideable control plate  17 . The slideable control plate  17  is desirably provided with a toothed rack  19 . Control means  13  further comprises a toothed gear wheel  21  in operative engagement with the toothed rack  19 . The gear wheel  21  in turn may be integrally connected to a hand-manipulable control knob  4  or similar actuator by a shaft  23 . Preferably, a ball valve or other suitable flow control valve element  24  regulates the flow of a carrier stream through the cap member and is operable by a longitudinally slideable actuator  3 . When the user turns the actuator, the resulting rotation of the gear wheel  21  causes the slideable control plate  17  to slide longitudinally and reciprocate in either a fore or aft direction with respect to the cap member  5 . Although illustrated as being operable in a substantially vertical plane, it is also contemplated that shaft  23  may alternatively be disposed substantially horizontally with respect to the cap member  5 . It will be understood, that other suitable means such as a simple lever extending from the control plate through the cap member which may be slid back and forth by the user may achieve the same results as gear wheel  21  and toothed rack  19 . In the embodiments illustrated in FIGS.  2 - 8  the slideable control plate is provided with a toothed rack  19  on one side. Alternatively, the toothed rack may be positioned on a posterior or anterior end of the slideable control plate or interiorly of the control plate (FIGS.  13 - 15 .)  
         [0047]    Slideable control plate  17  is desirably constructed with a substantially oblong portion defining an opening into which a suitably dimensioned seal member  18  may be permanently or, more desirably, releasably sealed. Seal member  18  is provided with appropriate product apertures  25 . According to a presently preferred construction and as illustrated in FIGS.  2 - 8 , the seal member  18  is formed or molded from an elastomeric material such as a natural or artificial rubber, neoprene, polyethylene or the like. Also, as illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, formation from an elastomeric material may allow the seal member to be constructed with diagonal or less than vertical apertures  25 C. Advantage of this is diagonal apertures allow more flexibility in design configurations. Less preferably, the seal member may be formed from a nonelastomeric material, as long as the material is able to form the proper seal necessary between the cap member and the product container.  
         [0048]    At least one and desirable both, surfaces of the cap member contacting upper and lower surfaces of the seal member (the lower surface of the nozzle and the upper surface of the container attachment means  9 ) include raised areas  16  which compressively engage the upper and lower surface of the seal member (FIGS. 10 and 12). As the seal member is moved across the raised areas  16 , the apertures  25  or  25   c  in the sealing member are compressed longitudinally as well as laterally. This massaging action works loose any debris or blockage that may occur.  
         [0049]    The container outlet means may suitably comprise, as illustrated, a pair of cooperating upper and lower container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b . The upper port  31   a  is adapted for fluid communication with an anterior portion  33  (hereinafter anterior flow passage  33 ) of a carrier stream flow passage  34  of a nozzle portion of cap member  5  and the lower port  31   b  is connected to the upper end of a product delivery tube  35  which extends downwardly into the internal cavity of container  11 .  
         [0050]    A first preferred embodiment of the apparatus comprises an apparatus for dispensing comparatively low viscosity liquid chemical is illustrated in FIGS.  3 A- 3 C and  6 . According to the first preferred embodiment, the forward portion of the slideable control plate  17  includes at least a first set of product apertures  25   a  and, more preferably, a second set of product apertures  25   b , the functions of which are described in greater detail below. The apertures are preferably arranged in sets of linear arrays with successive product apertures of each set having a decreasing (or increasing) aperture size or diameter whereby increasingly larger product apertures will result in increasingly less diluted (i.e., more concentrated) flows of product being discharged from the sprayer apparatus, and vice versa. The arrangement of the product apertures will be described in greater detail below When slideable control plate  17  is in a first position as shown in FIG. 3A, one of the product apertures  25  is aligned with outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b . In addition, a later described vent channel  39  is established in the cap member  5 . Through proper manipulation of the control plate  17 , the vent channel  39  (which communicates with the ambient atmosphere) may permit atmospheric air to enter one inlet port  37  and thus the interior of the container  11  when any one of the first or second sets of product apertures is brought into alignment with outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b.    
         [0051]    In this first position shown in FIG. 3A (the “first position” referring generally to one of several orientations into which the slideable control member  17  may be selectively disposed in order to dispense comparatively low viscosity liquid chemical through a chosen one of the first or second sets product apertures  25   a ,  25   b  to effect a desired dilution ratio), water from a hose (not shown) flows through a posterior portion  43  (hereinafter posterior flow passage  43 ) of the carrier stream flow passage  34 , through a flow passage constriction  45 , and then through anterior flow passage  33 . As the water passes through constriction  45  and the anterior passage  33 , it passes over the selected product aperture of product aperture set  25   a  or  25   b  ( 25   b  in FIG. 3A) at high velocity, thereby creating a negative pressure gradient or venturi which causes liquid chemical product in the interior of the container  11  to be drawn under suction through the product delivery tube  35 , the lower container outlet port  31   b , the selected product aperture  25 , and the upper container outlet port  31  where it may then enter the anterior flow passage  33 . Once drawn into the anterior flow passage  33 , the product is then diluted to the desired concentration by the carrier fluid stream passing through the anterior flow passage and is sprayed onto a target such as a residential lawn or garden, automobile, boat, building structural surface and the like.  
         [0052]    When a selected product aperture  25  is properly disposed with respect to container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b , atmospheric air from vent channel  39  passes through one of the container inlet ports  37  and thus the container  11  to displace the discharged liquid chemical and prevent collapse of the walls of the container. The cap member  5  may also include, as is known in the art, a fixed or adjustable discharge nozzle  2  whereby fluid dispensed from the spray apparatus may be urged to assume a desired pattern of flow, e.g., thin stream, diffused spray and the like.  
         [0053]    Turning to FIG. 3B, the control plate  17  is shown as it would be disposed in an “OFF” position and/or when a user desires to dispense only carrier stream fluid through the sprayer apparatus. In particular, the elongated seal member  18  of the control plate is positioned such that it covers and seals the container outlet port with a sealing area between the sets of apertures and the pair of inlet ports with sealing areas anteriorly and posteriorly of the sets of apertures. With the control plate  17  in this position, carrier stream fluid passes through the control valve  24  and the carrier stream flow passage  34  without interacting with the container  11  or its contents.  
         [0054]    [0054]FIG. 3C is similar to FIG. 3A, however a selected product aperture from product aperture set  25   a  is disposed with respect to container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b.    
         [0055]    Referring to FIGS.  4 A- 4 C there is shown a further preferred embodiment of the sprayer apparatus of the present invention. According to this particular embodiment, the slideable control member, herein designated by reference numeral  17   a , is configured for selective disposition to dispense a mixture of carrier fluid and dissolved or suspended highly viscous liquid, gelatinous substance or dry powder product, through a chosen one of a set of product apertures  25   c  at one of several desired dilution ratios. As illustrated, slideable control plate  17   a  has been slid into a position such that one of the set of product apertures  25   c  is aligned with the container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b.    
         [0056]    Simultaneously, a corresponding one of a set of carrier stream inlet ports  49  provided in the slideable control member is brought into alignment with corresponding container inlet ports  38   a  and  38   b  whereby a portion of the carrier stream in posterior flow passage  43  (by virtue of back-pressure created by the presence of flow passage constriction  45 ) is diverted through the appropriate carrier stream inlet port  49  and the container inlet ports  38   a  and  38   b  and into container  11 . Once in the container, the carrier stream water mixes with the powdered chemical in the container  11 , thereby forming a solution or a suspension. It will be appreciated that the carrier stream inlet ports  49  correspond in number and spacing to the product apertures  25   c.    
         [0057]    The undiverted remainder of the carrier stream water passes through the flow passage constriction  45  and through the anterior flow passage  33 . Again, as the water passes through the anterior flow passage, it passes over the selected product aperture of the set of product apertures  25   c , thereby creating a negative pressure gradient and causing the chemical solution in the interior of the container  11  to be drawn through product delivery tube  35 , container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b  and the selected product aperture  25   c  whereupon it is then diluted by the water stream in the anterior flow passage  33  and sprayed onto a suitable target. This effect, of course, is supplemented by diverted carrier stream fluid entering the container inlet ports  38   a  and  38   b  aligned with and the carrier stream inlet port  49  so as to displace the product solution exiting the container  11 . By virtue of the construction of the control plate  17   a , the vent channel  39  is at all times sealed from fluid communication with the lower container inlet port  38   b  by means of the lower surface of the control plate.  
         [0058]    [0058]FIG. 4B illustrates an “OFF” position, “carrier stream only” setting of the sprayer apparatus. That is, the slideable control plate  17   a  may be moved into a position such that none of product aperture  25   c  and carrier stream inlet port  49  are in communicative connection with either the container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b  or the container inlet ports  38   a  and  38   b . In other words, the carrier stream flow passage  34  is sealed with respect to the container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b  and the container inlet ports  38   a  and  38   b  by means of the elongated seal member  18   a . The carrier stream fluid therefore passes directly through the posterior flow passage  43 , the flow passage constriction  45 , the anterior flow passage  33 , and out of the sprayer without mixing with any product from the container  11 . Substantially pure water is therefore sprayed without removing container  11 . FIG. 4C, like FIG. 4A, reflects the positioning of another selected product aperture  25   c.    
         [0059]    A further preferred embodiment of the present invention is revealed in FIGS.  5 A- 5 C and  8  in which either low viscosity liquid, high viscosity liquid, gelatinous substance or dry product may be dispensed using a single spraying apparatus. Similar in many respects to the apparatus described above in connection with FIGS.  3 A- 3 C and  4 A- 4 C, the sprayer apparatus shown in FIGS.  5 A- 5 C differs from its previously described counterparts primarily in the construction of its slideable control plate, herein identified as reference numeral  17   b . The slideable control plate  17   b  includes a first set of product apertures  25   d  and a second set of product apertures  25   e , the functions of which are described below. Although each set of product apertures  25   d ,  25   e  may include but a single aperture, it is more desirable that they comprise a plurality of apertures to achieve multiple dilution ratios of liquid and dry chemicals that may be dispensed by the spraying apparatus. If the sets of apertures  25   d ,  25   e  comprise a plurality of apertures, the apertures of each set are preferably arranged in a linear array with successive product apertures of each set having a decreasing (or increasing) diameter whereby increasingly larger product apertures will result in increasingly less diluted (i.e., more concentrated) flows of product being discharged from the sprayer apparatus, and vice versa.  
         [0060]    When slideable control plate  17   b  is in a first position as shown in FIG. 5A, one of the product apertures  25   e  is aligned with the container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b . In this position, as previously discussed in connection with FIG. 3A, vent channel  39  communicates with the ambient atmosphere and may be selectively manipulated to permit atmospheric air to enter the container inlet port  37   a.    
         [0061]    In this first position, which “first position” Alrefers generally to one of several orientations into which the slideable control member  17   b  may be selectively disposed in order to dispense relatively low viscosity liquid product through a chosen one of the first set product apertures  25   e  to effect a desired dilution ratio, water from a hose (not shown) flows through the posterior flow passage  43  of the carrier stream flow passage  34 , through a flow passage constriction  45 , and then through anterior flow passage  33 . When the water passes through constriction  45  and the anterior flow passage  33 , it passes over the selected product aperture  25   e  at high velocity, thereby creating a negative pressure gradient or venturi which causes liquid chemical product in the interior of the container  11  to be drawn under suction through the product delivery tube  35 , container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b  and the selected product aperture  25   e . The product is then diluted to the desired concentration by the carrier fluid stream passing through the anterior flow passage  33 , as selected by choosing the corresponding product aperture  25   e , and is sprayed onto an appropriate target. Again, while liquid chemical is being drawn from the container  11 , atmospheric air simultaneously enters vent channel  39  and container inlet port  37   a  to displace the discharged liquid chemical and prevent collapse of the walls of the container.  
         [0062]    When it is desired to dispense high viscosity liquid, gelatinous materials or powdered solid product from the apparatus, the user may simply detach the liquidbearing container and attach a container  11  holding high viscosity liquid, gelatinous substance or dry product to the sprayer head  1  and proceed as follows. In a second position shown in FIG. 5C (the “second position” referring generally to one of several orientations into which the slideable control member  17   b  may be selectively disposed in order to dispense a mixture of carrier fluid and dissolved or suspended product through a chosen one of the second set of product apertures  25   d  to effect a desired dilution ratio), slideable control plate  17   b  is positioned such that one of a second set of product apertures  25   d  is aligned with the container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b.    
         [0063]    Simultaneously, a selected one of the product apertures  25   e  acting as a carrier stream inlet port of the slideable control member is brought into alignment with the container inlet ports  38   c  and  38   d  whereby a portion of the carrier stream in posterior flow passage  43  (by virtue of back-pressure created by the presence of flow passage constriction  45 ) is diverted into container  11  through cooperation of the appropriate carrier stream inlet port  25   e  and the container inlet ports  38   c  and  38   d . Once in the container, the carrier stream fluid mixes with the product in the container  11 , thereby forming a solution or a suspension.  
         [0064]    The undiverted remainder of the carrier stream fluid passes through the flow passage constriction  45  and through the anterior flow passage  33 . Again, as the carrier stream fluid passes through the anterior flow passage, it passes over the selected product aperture of the second set of product apertures  25   d , thereby creating a negative pressure gradient and causing the product solution in the interior of the container  11  to be drawn through product delivery tube  35 , container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b  and the selected product aperture  25   d  whereupon it is then diluted by the carrier stream in the anterior flow passage  33  and sprayed onto a target. As previously mentioned, a portion of the carrier stream fluid is simultaneously diverted into the container to enhance displacement of the product therefrom.  
         [0065]    As shown in FIG. 5B (“OFF” position), none of the first and second sets of product apertures  25   d ,  25   e  is in communicative connection with either the container outlet ports  31   a  or  31   b  or the container inlet ports  37   a ,  38   a  or  38   b . Indeed, the container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b  and the container inlet ports  37   a ,  38   a  or  38   b  are sealed by means of the elongated seal member  18   b  of the control plate  17   b . The carrier stream fluid therefore passes directly through the posterior flow passage  43 , the flow passage constriction  45 , the anterior flow passage  33 , and out of the sprayer without mixing with any product from the container  11 . Substantially pure carrier stream fluid is therefore sprayed without removing container  11 .  
         [0066]    According to another embodiment of the present invention as depicted in FIG. 9, the sprayer apparatus is equipped with control means constructed in the form of a rotatable control disk  17   c . The disk  17   c  may be dimensioned such that it can be physically grasped at its circumference by a user and rotated. Alternatively, the circumference of the disk may be provided with gear teeth for meshingly engaging, for example, with a drive gear such as toothed gear wheel  21  discussed above, whereby the disk may be rotated by rotation of a suitable control knob operatively attached to the drive gear. Like slideable control members  17 ,  17   a  and  17   b , control disc  17   c  includes an opening for receiving a seal member  18   c  having product apertures. Disposed on the rotatable control disk  17   c  is at least a first set of angularly spaced product apertures  25   f . Preferably, the disk also includes a second set of product apertures  25   g  as well as a set carrier stream inlet ports  49   a  (wherein each set of product apertures  25   d ,  25   e  and carrier stream inlet ports  49   a  may comprise one or, more preferably a plurality of apertures) which function similarly to their counterpart product apertures and carrier stream inlet ports discussed above in connection with FIGS.  3 A- 3 C,  4 A- 4 C and  5 A- 5 C. It will be understood that product apertures  25   f ,  25   g  have aperture openings of differing sizes to effect various dilution ratios of product, either relatively low viscosity product, high viscosity liquid product, gelatinous product, or powdered solid product, that is to be dispensed by a sprayer apparatus equipped with the disk  17   c . For the present discussion, product apertures  25   f  may be conceptualized as the functional equivalents of the liquid dispensing product apertures  25   a  (or  25   b ) of FIGS.  3 A- 3 C, whereas apertures  25   g  may be viewed as corresponding to the product apertures  25   c  of FIGS.  4 A- 4 C. Likewise, carrier stream inlet ports  49   a  are substantially similar to the earlier described ports  49  and are radially displaced from and correspond in number and angular spacing to product apertures  25   g . The control disk  17   c  thus may be selectively rotated whereby each of the product apertures may be selectively positioned to afford fluid communication with the container outlet ports  31   a  and  31   b  (shown in phantom line) and, where appropriate, the carrier stream inlet ports  49  may be likewise aligned with the container inlet ports  37  also shown in phantom line). As will be appreciated, therefore, by rotating rotatable control disk  17   c , the several modalities variously described with respect to the slideable control plates  17 ,  17   a  and/or  17  b, supra (i.e., relatively low viscosity liquid product dispensing, high viscosity liquid product, gelatinous material or dry product dispensing, substantially pure carrier stream dispensing, or no dispensing are possible.  
         [0067]    In FIGS.  13 - 15 , an embodiment is illustrated which allows simultaneous mixing of the contents of two containers with a single carrier stream. In this embodiment, a pair of selected product apertures are brought into cooperation with two pairs of container outlet ports. The nozzle portion of the cap member includes two carrier stream passages-each one corresponding to one of the pairs of container outlet ports. The lower port of each pair of outlet ports is connected to the upper end of a product delivery tube. Each product delivery tube extends downwardly into the internal cavity of a container. Control means includes a toothed rack  19   a  located interiorly of one end of control member  17   d  for engaging gear wheel  21 . Sealing member  18   d  includes two sets of apertures, one set corresponding to each container and carrier stream passage.  
         [0068]    Preferably, sprayer head  2  is provided in all embodiments with an indicator (not shown) to notify the user of the functional disposition of sprayer head (i.e., (1) spraying relatively low viscosity liquid product in one of possibly several dilution ratios, or (2) spraying high viscosity liquid product, gelatinous product or dry powdered product in one of possibly several dilution ratios.)  
         [0069]    Alternatively, product container  11  may be collapsible precluding the need for vent ports. Thus, the container would collapse as product is discharged.  
         [0070]    Further, each product apertures in the seal members may be bounded by an annular seal ring downwardly depending from the lower surface of the seal member to optimize venturi created in the anterior flow passage  33  (shown in FIG. 15.)  
         [0071]    If not otherwise stated herein, it may be assumed that all components and/or processes described heretofore may, if appropriate, be considered to be interchangeable with similar components and/or processes disclosed elsewhere in the specification, unless an express indication is made to the contrary.  
         [0072]    If not otherwise stated herein, any and all patents, patent publications, articles and other printed publications discussed or mentioned herein are hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in their entirety herein.  
         [0073]    Although the invention has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that numerous modifications, alterations and changes can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention except as it may be limited by the claims. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.