Abstract:
The invention relates to spray applicator devices and methods of use for vaccinating, or administering probiotics to, avian animals.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO OTHER APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to US provisional patent application serial No. U.S. Ser. No. 62/163,999, filed on 20 May 2015, and herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
       [0002]    Any foregoing applications and all documents cited therein or during their prosecution (“application cited documents”) and all documents cited or referenced in the application cited documents, and all documents cited or referenced herein (“herein cited documents”), and all documents cited or referenced in herein cited documents, together with any manufacturer&#39;s instructions, descriptions, product specifications, and product sheets for any products mentioned herein or in any document incorporated by reference herein, are hereby incorporated herein by reference, and may be employed in the practice of the invention. Citation or identification of any such document in this application is not an admission that such document is available as prior art to the present invention and does not reflect any view of the validity, patentability and/or enforceability of such cited patent documents. 
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The invention relates to inline spray applicator devices and methods of use for vaccinating and/or administering probiotics to avian animals. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    Inline spray applicators allow for rapid vaccination of young avian animal, for example, one day old chicks. Existing systems use flat nozzle technology to apply, in a non-stop process, a homogeneous spray pattern with constant droplet size and crate coverage. Known spray applicators for include, for example, Peterson et al., US patent publication number 4316464; Lee, Eng-Hong, Canadian patent publication number CA2416726; Lee, Eng-Hong, PCT patent publication number WO 2005/099617; Joseph H., Johnson, US patent publication number U.S. Pat. No. 6,910,446; Lewis et al., US patent publication number US 2002/0104485; and Sliter et al., US patent publication number 5404922. 
         [0005]    However, since the speed of conveyors varies across poultry housing facilities, it would be desirable to regulate the amount of vaccine delivered over time, to improve vaccination efficacy and to reduce vaccine waste. Changing pressure would be one way to accomplish this regulation. However, increasing or decreasing pressure to a spray nozzle has the unwanted effect of changing the droplet size away from the desirable range of about 150 μM to about 250 μM. 
         [0006]    Another possibility would be to use actuatable spray nozzles, which have the ability to rapidly cycle between on and off states. However, until the instant disclosure, it was not known whether vaccine and/or probiotics could be effectively delivered—without significantly altering droplet size—using actuatable spray nozzles. Applicants thus sought out to test whether such device could be developed. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    The instant invention is based upon the successful blending of technologies from two different fields of endeavor: industrial spray coating and vaccination. The instant disclosure provides an improved apparatus for the spray vaccination of, and/or administration of probiotics to, avian animals, including day old chicks. 
         [0008]    In an embodiment, the apparatus comprises an inline spray applicator system, comprising a modular spray system, comprising one or more rapidly actuating automatic spray nozzles. As used herein, the term “automatic spray nozzle” refers to a “nozzle assembly,” which is a mechanical combination of a fixed, non-automatic nozzle “tip,” and an electric, pneumatic or hydraulic actuating means. The nozzle tip is operably connected to, mounted on, or otherwise a component of, the actuating means. The nozzle tip may be sealably connected to the actuating portion of the automatic spray nozzle via a high pressure tip retainer, a tip gasket, a screen strainer, another gasket and a high pressure female body (i.e. the components used to affix UniJet® spray nozzles to their corresponding actuators). The actuating means functions by reversibly permitting or blocking fluid flow to the nozzle tip. It is thus the actuating means that makes an otherwise non-automatic, fixed nozzle tip an “automatic nozzle.” The skilled person understands that multiple routine combinations of nozzle tip and nozzle actuator are possible. 
         [0009]    In advantageous embodiments, the actuating means are electrically- or pneumatically-controlled actuators, which are operably linked to the fixed nozzles, and function by allowing rapid cycling between open (i.e. permitting fluid flow to the nozzle) and closed (i.e. blocking fluid flow to the nozzle) positions. 
         [0010]    In an embodiment, the automatic spray nozzles are in fluid connection with pressurized fluid, which is supplied from a fluid reservoir. The automatic spray nozzles may be turned on or off, so as to minimize the amount of fluid that is required to vaccinate and/or administer probiotics to the avian animals. In some embodiments, the automatic spray nozzles are capable of rapid cycling, opening and closing up to or in excess of at least 10,000 times per second. In some embodiments, the cycling may exceed 15,000 times per second. 
         [0011]    In an embodiment, the automatic spray nozzles may be rapidly turned on and off to suit any field conditions. For example, the automatic spray nozzles may be turned off in between chick-containing baskets, to reduce wasted fluid. In another embodiment, if the conveyor belt is moving the chicks relatively slowly, it may be desirable for the nozzles to deliver bursts of fluid droplets, rather than constantly stream the fluid droplets. Accordingly, by equipping the apparatus with nozzles capable of rapidly cycling between their on and off positions, it is possible to deliver any amount of fluid per unit time to accommodate any field conditions. 
         [0012]    In a particular embodiment, the instant disclosure provides an improved inline spray applicator having electrically- or pneumatically-actuated spray nozzles. The apparatus may comprise a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller with electrically actuatable nozzles (e.g. PulsaJet® or AA250AUH nozzles) from Spraying Systems Co. The PWM technology allows the inline spray applicator nozzles to switch on and off very quickly to control flow rate, thus providing a wide range of flow rates at constant pressure, spray angle, and droplet size. 
         [0013]    In some embodiments, the spray applicator comprises a Precision Spray Control (PSC), which comprises a PulsaJet® automatic spray nozzles and an AutoJet® spray controller. Many systems also include a spray manifold. With PSC, the AutoJet spray controller turns electrically-actuated PulsaJet nozzles on and off very quickly to control flow rate. The cycling may be so fast that the flow often appears to be constant. Flow rate may be adjusted automatically based on changes in operating conditions such a variations in line speed. Flow rate adjustments occur almost instantaneously to ensure the proper application rate. 
         [0014]    In some embodiments, electrically-actuated hydraulic spray nozzles can achieve significantly low flow rates, which may be comparable to the flow rates of air atomizing nozzles. 
         [0015]    In an advantageous embodiment, flow rate is changed by modifying the nozzle duty cycle and cycling frequency, not by changing pressure. This feature of the spray applicator is particularly useful in hatcheries, since conveyor speeds vary from hatchery to hatchery. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the spray applicator may be operated at a constant pressure during a given vaccination run or during administration of probiotics to the avian animal. 
         [0016]    In an embodiment, the spray applicator is free-standing and adaptable to any conveyor belt system. Baskets or crates may be moved continuously, irrespective of conveyor belt speed, to reduce vaccination or administration time. The spray applicator may comprise a dosage setting means, which allows a user to select from a range of possible dose volumes. For example, the volume may be from about 5 mL to about 25 mL. 
         [0017]    In another embodiment, the spray applicator may be equipped with an alarm system, to notify users of blocked baskets/crates or empty liquid reservoirs/tanks. The spray applicator may be controlled by any suitable user interface, including a user-friendly tactile screen. In particularly embodiments, the spray applicator collects and stores data, which may be downloaded to a suitable storage means, including a USB-compliant device, to enable traceability. 
         [0018]    In some embodiments, the spray applicator comprises an AutoJet Model 1550+ Modular Spray System. 
         [0019]    In an embodiment, the spray applicator comprises a means for cleansing to ensure good hygienic conditions. 
         [0020]    In an embodiment, the spray applicator comprises an interface that may allow a user to select from at least three different timing modes: a fixed spray time (e.g.  FIG. 11A ); a variable spray time (e.g.  FIG. 11B ); and “repeat” (e.g.  FIG. 11C ). Moreover, the interface may allow the user to enter start delay(s) and stop delay(s) to adapt the spray applicator to different hatchery chick boxes to ensure accurate placement and minimal vaccine or probiotic waste. 
         [0021]    In an advantageous embodiment, the spray applicator comprises automatic spray nozzles and employs pressures to achieve an ideal target droplet size. In an embodiment, the target droplet size is about 125 to about 300 microns. In another embodiment, the target droplet size is about 150, 200, or 250 microns. Now that the invention has been disclosed, the skilled person will instantly appreciate a wide range of effective combinations of pressure and automatic spray nozzle combinations. 
         [0022]    In another embodiment, using the inline spray applicator of the invention for administering probiotics enables a predetermined dose of liquid or liquid-like gel probiotic to be sprayed directly onto the birds. It is expected that as the birds preen they will ingest the probiotics from their feathers. It is known that larger droplet sizes are more suited for ingestion, while smaller droplet sizes are more suitable for administration of vaccines that are intended to be inhaled. 
         [0023]    In another embodiment, the probiotic formulation may be in the form of a liquid-like gel. A “liquid-like gel” as used herein is a gel that is easily disrupted or thinned, and that liquefies or becomes less gel-like and more liquid-like under stress, such as caused by the gel being pumped through the spray applicator, but which quickly returns to a gel when the movement or other stress is alleviated or removed, such as when movement of the fluid exiting the spray applicator is stopped, as for example when the exiting fluid lands on the targeted chick or chick crate. The skilled person knows how to make a formulation more the gel-like or liquid-like by adjusting the amount of gelling agent used in the formulation. One type of liquid-like gel suitable for use in delivering probiotics to birds or chicks is disclosed in Wright et al, PCT patent publication number WO2001095891. Other suitable liquid-like gels for use to deliver probiotics to birds or chicks include GroGel™ by MS BioScience of Madison, Wis., and Gel-Pac™ Animal Science Products, Inc. PO Drawer 631408 Nacogdoches, TX. 
         [0024]    In another embodiment, the liquid-like gel may pass through the automatic spray nozzles and thereby be dispersed from the spray applicator in the form of small gel beadlets. The term “beadlet” as used herein refers to small discrete particles, which have a mean particle size from about 125 to about 300 microns in diameter and are usually nearly spherical. Beadlets contain one or more probiotics in an encapsulated form. 
         [0025]    As used above, and throughout the description of the invention, the following terms, unless otherwise indicated, shall be understood to have the following meanings: 
         [0026]    The term “and/or” as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
         [0027]    The term “about,” as used herein, means approximately, in the region of, roughly, or around. When the term “about” is used in conjunction with a numerical range, it modifies that range by extending the boundaries above and below the numerical values set forth. In general, the term “about” is used herein to modify a numerical value above and below the stated value by a variance of 10%. In one aspect, the term “about” means plus or minus 20% of the numerical value of the number with which it is being used. Therefore, about 50% means in the range of 45%-55%. Numerical ranges recited herein by endpoints include all numbers and fractions subsumed within that range (e.g. 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.90, 4, and 5). It is also to be understood that all numbers and fractions thereof are presumed to be modified by the term “about.” 
         [0028]    The term “effective amount” as used herein means an amount of a composition according to the present invention effective in producing the desired veterinary effect. 
         [0029]    While the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modifications and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth and as follows in the scope of the appended claims. This invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the aspects or claims presented herein to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law. Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to not encompass within the invention any previously known product, process of making the product, or method of using the product such that Applicant reserves the right and hereby disclose a disclaimer of any previously known product, process, or method. It is further noted that the invention does not intend to encompass within the scope of the invention any product, process, or making of the product or method of using the product, which does not meet the written description and enablement requirements of the USPTO (35 U.S.C. §112, first paragraph) or the EPO (Article 83 of the EPC), such that Applicant reserves the right and hereby disclose a disclaimer of any previously described product, process of making the product, or method of using the product. 
         [0030]    These and other embodiments are disclosed or are obvious from and encompassed by, the following Detailed Description. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0031]    The following detailed description, given by way of example, but not intended to limit the invention solely to the specific embodiments described, may be best understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0032]      FIG. 1A  shows a side-view of an inline spray applicator  1  equipped with rapidly actuatable automatic spray nozzles  20 , according to the disclosure; 
           [0033]      FIG. 1B  shows a top-view of the inline spray applicator  1 ; 
           [0034]      FIG. 1C  shows a slightly offset bottom-view of the inline spray applicator  1 ; 
           [0035]      FIG. 1D  shows a three-quarter rear-view of the inline spray applicator  1 ; 
           [0036]      FIG. 1E  shows an alternative embodiment of the base  5 ; 
           [0037]      FIG. 1F  is an overhead view of a portion of the spray applicator  1 , shown with a basket  100  containing a plurality of chicks  110  to be sprayed; 
           [0038]      FIG. 1G  shows a front and back view of an automatic spray nozzle  20 , 
           [0039]      FIG. 1H  shows a UniJet 8001E automatic spray nozzle tip  22 , which produces a flat spray, has a capacity of 0.10 gallons per minute (GPM) at 40 PSI liquid pressure (with water), and has an 80 degree spray angle. These nozzle tips  22  may be made of brass, stainless steel or hardened stainless steel; 
           [0040]      FIG. 2  is a graph showing dose volume vs. time. One nozzle test; 150 μM; nozzle tip 8001E @ 32.5 psi; 
           [0041]      FIG. 3  shows the results of the spray distribution test. Seven (7) mL of water was delivered via 30 shots, from nozzle tip 8001E @ 32.5 psi, to a typical poultry basket/crate, containing 66 collection cups; 
           [0042]      FIG. 4  shows the droplet size delivered by the 8001E nozzle tip @ 32.5 psi to water-sensitive paper placed throughout a typical poultry basket/crate; 
           [0043]      FIG. 5  is a graph showing dose volume vs. time. One nozzle test; 200 μM; Nozzle tip 9502E @ 51.5 psi; 
           [0044]      FIG. 6  shows the droplet size delivered by the 9502E nozzle tip @ 51.5 psi to water-sensitive paper placed throughout a typical poultry basket. Spray Distribution at 15.6 mL; 
           [0045]      FIG. 7  is a graph showing dose volume vs. time. One nozzle test; 250 μM; 8003E nozzle tip @ 51.5 psi; 
           [0046]      FIG. 8  is a graph showing dose volume vs. time. Two nozzle test; 150 μM; two 6501E nozzle tips @ 36.7 psi; 
           [0047]      FIG. 9  is a graph showing dose volume vs. time. Two nozzle test; 200 μM; two 6502E nozzle tips @ 55.6 psi; 
           [0048]      FIG. 10  is a graph showing dose volume vs. time. Two nozzle test; 250 μM; two 6503E nozzle tips @ 54.6 psi; 
           [0049]      FIG. 11  provides schematic examples of a fixed spray time (A); a variable spray time (B); and “repeat” (C); 
           [0050]      FIG. 12  is a graph of the cumulative and density distributions of droplet sizes produced by the TPU 8001 nozzle tip at 30 psi. TPU flat nozzle tips yield a high impact solid stream or flat spray pattern with spray angles of 0° (solid stream) to 110°; 
           [0051]      FIG. 13  is a graph of the cumulative and density distributions of droplet sizes produced by the TPU 8001 nozzle tip at 50 psi; 
           [0052]      FIG. 14  is a graph of the cumulative and density distributions of droplet sizes produced by the TPU 8001 nozzle tip at 80 psi; 
           [0053]      FIG. 15  is a graph of the cumulative and density distributions of droplet sizes produced by the TPU 8002 nozzle tip at 30 psi; 
           [0054]      FIG. 16  is a graph of the cumulative and density distributions of droplet sizes produced by the TPU 8002 nozzle tip at 50 psi; 
           [0055]      FIG. 17  is a graph of the cumulative and density distributions of droplet sizes produced by the TPU 8002 nozzle tip at 80 psi; 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0056]    It is noted that in this disclosure and particularly in the claims and/or paragraphs, terms such as “comprises”, “comprised”, “comprising” and the like can have the meaning attributed to it in U.S. patent law; e.g., they can mean “includes”, “included”, “including”, and the like; and that terms such as “consisting essentially of” and “consists essentially of” have the meaning ascribed to them in U.S. patent law, e.g., they allow for elements not explicitly recited, but exclude elements that are found in the prior art or that affect a basic or novel characteristic of the invention. 
         [0057]    Unless otherwise explained, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The singular terms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless context clearly indicates otherwise. Similarly, the word “or” is intended to include “and” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
         [0058]    In an embodiment, the apparatus comprises an inline spray applicator system, comprising a modular spray system, comprising one or more rapidly actuating automatic spray nozzles. 
         [0059]    In an embodiment, the apparatus may be programmed such that the nozzles operate in a “fixed spray time” mode. In this mode, the nozzle(s) will spray once after it is triggered based on entered start delay and spray period, then stops spraying until next trigger signal ( FIG. 11A ). 
         [0060]    In another embodiment, the apparatus may be programmed such that the nozzles operate in a “variable spray time” mode. This timing mode creates spray periods of variable lengths. The apparatus will spray following a trigger, and the spray period is based on the sensor “seeing” (or otherwise detecting) the object then utilizing the programmed start delay and stop delay. The length of the spray depends on the length of the trigger input. 
         [0061]    In another embodiment, the apparatus may be programmed such that the nozzles operate in a “repeat” mode. This timing mode creates a continuous repetition of spray applications for a variable time or spray period based on object size. The system will spray following the trigger, spray period is based on the sensor seeing the object then utilizing the entered timing settings, spray delay, interval on, interval off, repeats these until trigger off signal then incorporates stop delay. 
         [0062]    In an advantageous embodiment, the spray applicator is equipped with an AutoJet 1550-plus Modular Spray System (Spraying Systems Co.). Spraying Systems&#39; 2013 “Bulletin No. 626D” is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
         [0063]    In an embodiment, the Modular Spray System conforms to the following parameters:
       Power required: 110 VAC, 60 Hz, 15 A, 1 Ø (capable to 260 VAC, 50 Hz, 15 A, 1 Ø)   Control panel: NEMA 4 with door closed (stainless steel);   Air inlet shut-off/lockout and filter assembly;   Optional air operated double diaphragm pump;   Liquid outlet strainer 100 mesh;   Liquid pressure regulator and gauge;   Control valve for recirculation to tank; (pump and pumpless versions)   Standard triggering options: trigger cable, photoelectric sensor, thru-beam, hand pendant   Controls up to eight automatic spray nozzles (varies by type)   Dimensions: approximately 29″ (0.75 m) tall, 14″ (0.36 m) wide and weighs less than 58 lbs. (26.3 kg).       
 
         [0074]    In an embodiment, any suitable high pressure pumping system can be used in the practice of the invention, including the AutoJet system, which is manufactured by Spraying Systems, Inc. (Chicago, Ill.). The fluid, vaccine and/or probiotic formulation may be pumped using a hydraulic liquid pump at pressures from about 30 psi to about 100 psi through a fluid jet nozzle tips such as, but not limited to 8001E or 6501E (Spraying Systems, Chicago, Ill.). 
         [0075]    The designation on the TeeJet® nozzle tips has a specific meaning. The first two numbers indicate the spray angle. An 8001 nozzle tip has an 80 degree spray angle at 40 psi. The second two numbers indicate the capacity of the nozzle tip. An 8001 nozzle tip would deliver 0.1 gallons per minute (gpm) of water at 40 pounds per square inch pressure (psi). The “E” following the numbers means that the nozzle tip is an even spray nozzle and can be used for banding. As an example of another manufacturer, the Delavan nozzle tip that is equivalent to the 8001E Teejet nozzle tip is the LE-1 80°. Compatible nozzles are thus envisioned by the inventor. Accordingly, a 6501E nozzle tip has a 65 degree spray angle at 40 psi, and would deliver about 0.1 gpm of water at 40 psi. 
         [0076]    When two or more automatic spray nozzles are used, the nozzles generally spray towards one another at approximately 45° from vertical. The automatic spray nozzles may be arranged over the row rather than at the sides of the row. 
         [0077]    In an aspect, the invention provides an automated inline spray applicator comprising a housing, at least one rapidly actuatable automatic spray nozzle, and, a programmable spray module. The programmable spray module (PSM) may be in electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic connection with the at least one automatic spray nozzle, and the spray nozzle may be in fluid communication with a fluid reservoir/tank. A separate source of pressurized air may be employed to supply the pressure required to deliver the fluid to and through the nozzle tips, and the pressurized air may be in fluid communication with both the tank and the automatic spray nozzles. The spray module is configured to receive user inputs to control all aspects of nozzle functioning, including controlling the amount and timing of fluid that flows from the tank, through the applicator conduits, and ultimately, out through the nozzles. An advantageous spray module is the AutoJet Model 1550+ Modular Spray System, manufactured by Spraying Systems. The 1550 is a self-contained automated spray system that comprises everything needed for a user to operate automatic spray nozzles, including the automatic spray nozzles described in this application. 
         [0078]    In some embodiments, automated spray control ensures precision and accurate placement of the sprayed liquid with minimal waste. Further, automatic control provides proper flow and droplet size, and eliminates uneven application of the sprayed liquids. In an advantageous embodiment, the automated control is provided by Precision Spray Control (PSC) with electrically-actuated PulsaJet® and AA250AUH automatic spray nozzles. PSC is a versatile automatic spray system, which is configured to operate both electrically- and pneumatically-actuated automatic spray nozzles. 
         [0079]    In some embodiments, the inline spray applicator, comprises an 8001E, an 6501E or another suitable nozzle tip, which is capable of producing droplets sized from about 125 to about 300 microns, particularly about 150 microns, from fluid pressurized from about 30 psi to about 80 psi. 
         [0080]    In some embodiments, the inline spray applicator comprises a base, which comprises a rolling means, for facilitating the movement of the apparatus from one location to another location. The base may also comprise a rolling means locking means, for reversibly preventing the rolling means from rolling. The locking means may be any suitable brake or lock, including mechanical and magnetic brakes or locks. Suitable locks/brakes include those used on known swivel casters, which easily transition between stationary stability and mobility. The use of well-known floor locks is also envisioned. 
         [0081]    In some embodiments, the base may comprise a standing means, for maintaining the applicator in a fixed position when movement of the applicator is not desired. 
         [0082]    In some embodiments, the spray applicator housing may be attached to and supported by the base, and the housing may comprise a tank holder for holding a tank. 
         [0083]    In some embodiments, the tank comprises a lid optionally comprising a safety blow off valve. Moreover, the tank is in fluid communication with a programmable spray module, which is itself in electrical or pneumatic communication with one or a plurality of actuatable automatic spray nozzles. 
         [0084]    In some embodiments, the automatic spray nozzles are electrically connected to the spray module via suitable electrical connectors including wires. The wires and fluid conduits may pass through the housing via an orifice. 
         [0085]    In some embodiments, the tank further comprises a level liquid float, for determining the level of fluid in the tank. 
         [0086]    In some embodiments, the flow of fluid may be functionally connected to a sensor, which is capable of relaying/communicating a fluid flow status to a user via the spray module or via a light indicator. 
         [0087]    In some embodiments, the applicator may comprise a source of pressurized air for supplying pressure to the fluid prior to its entry into the spray nozzles. For example, the applicator may comprise an air tank and compressor, which are configured to pressurize the fluid contained within the reservoir/tank. The pressure source is thus in fluid communication with the fluid that is delivered to the automatic spray nozzles, for administration to the young avian animals. 
         [0088]    In some embodiments, the housing is configured to be connected to a vertical nozzle hood assembly adjustment rod via a rod attachment means. The vertical nozzle hood assembly adjustment rod is configured to be connected to a horizontal rod, which is configured to connect to hood panels. The hood panels are configured to connect to the horizontal rod via suitable hood panel attachment means. In some embodiments, the hood panel attachment means is a hood mounting plate, which has slots for receiving corresponding panel components. The adjustment rods allow the automatic spray nozzles to be optimally positioned above conveyor systems having different sizes. For example, the hood panels can be positioned higher or lower (by varying the vertical position along the vertical rod) for use in hatcheries using relatively higher or lower conveyor systems. Similarly, the automatic spray nozzles can be variably positioned along the horizontal rod for use in hatcheries using wider or more narrow conveyor systems. 
         [0089]    In some embodiments, the spray applicator comprises a vaccine or other fluid alarm status indicator light tower and a pressure regulator, situated at a top-most portion of the housing. 
         [0090]    In some embodiments, the inline spray applicator comprises a pressure gauge indicator and an access hatch, wherein the hatch provides secure access to the programmable spray module. The spray module is generally operable and programmable via a touch screen. 
         [0091]    In some embodiments, the spray applicator of claim comprises an “on” indicator and an “on/off” switching means. 
         [0092]    In a particular embodiment, the spray applicator comprises:
       a. a base comprising a rolling means, a rolling-blocking means, and a standing means;   b. a housing, attached to and supported by the base, and comprising a tank holder, a hatch, a light tower indicator, a pressure regulator, an orifice through which electrical wires and fluid conduits may pass, at least one rapidly actuatable automatic spray nozzle in fluid connection with the tank;   c. a vertical rod attached to the housing via an attachment means, and also attached to a horizontal rod via one or more panel attachment means; and       
 
         [0096]    wherein the automatic spray nozzle(s) is(are) connected to the horizontal rod; and, 
         [0097]    wherein the housing contains a programmable spray module. 
         [0098]    In another aspect, the invention provides a method for vaccinating young avian animals, including day-old chicks, comprising administering vaccine using a spray applicator as described herein. For administration, the spray applicator is generally moved into position above the animals to be vaccinated, which are generally contained within crates/baskets, which crates/baskets are being transported along a conveyor belt (see e.g.  FIG. 1F ). 
         [0099]    In some embodiments of the method, greater than 90% of the vaccine droplets have diameters from about 125 to about 300 microns. 
         [0100]    In other embodiments, the control module is programmed to cause the automatic spray nozzles to stop and start to accommodate different sized chick crates/baskets. In still other embodiments, the module is programmed to direct the automatic spray nozzles to stop and start to accommodate different conveyer rates. Any combination of chick crate/basket size and conveyor rate can be accommodated by programming the module to actuate the automatic nozzles to cycle between open (i.e. fluid may pass through the nozzle tip) and closed (i.e. fluid may not pass through the nozzle tip) positions. 
         [0101]    In some embodiments, the invention provides a method of treating young avian animals, including day-old chicks, with a probiotic formulation, comprising the steps of dispersing the probiotic formulation using a spray applicator as described herein; and, allowing the chicks to consume the dispensed probiotic formulation, thereby treating the young avian animals with a probiotic formulation. 
         [0102]    In some embodiments, the probiotic formulation may be a liquid or liquid-like gel. 
         [0103]    The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples. 
       EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
     Evaluation of TPU VeeJet® Nozzle Tips for their Suitability in Producing Droplet Sizes Appropriate for Use in Spray Vaccination or Delivery of Probiotic Formulations 
       [0104]    Nine (9) samples of various 80° and 95° TPU VeeJet® Nozzle tips (capacities indicated below) were submitted for testing of drop size, with the objective of reporting the pressures required for achieving the target volume median diameters of 150, 200 and 250 microns. In the final analysis, D V0.10  and D V0.90  values would be compared to see the difference (if any) between the standard TPU tips and even (E) tips. Moreover, the 65° version of each capacity was estimated. For the capacities tested, the Sympatec analyzer was used to measure drop size using a nozzle-laser distance of 6-inches. The spray was fully developed at this distance. For each condition, the nozzle was sprayed horizontally and the entire spray was measured. Three (3) measurements were taken, averaged and reported below. Table 1 summarizes the pressures required to achieve the target volume median diameters of 150, 200 and 250 microns for each indicated TPU VeeJet® nozzle. A single average of three (3) drop size runs as well as the average flow rate for each pressure was included. 
         [0105]    The drop size terminology used throughout this application is in accordance with ASTM® standard E1620-97, and is defined with more detailed information in Bulletin 459c: Understanding Drop Size, (please see the following web location: hypertext transfer protocol://service. spray.com/lit/view_lit.asp?code=B459C). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Drop size diameter and flow rate as a function of Nozzle tip type and Pressure (the 
               
               
                 values reported here are for water; other fluids may yield different values) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Target 
                 Estimated Drop Size 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Diameters (microns) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Nozzle Tip 
                 Pressure (PSI) 
                 Flow Rate (GPM) 
                 D V0.50   
                 D V0.10   
                 D V0.50   
                 D V0.90   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 8001 
                 32.5 
                 0.0916 
                 150 
                 64 
                 150 
                 280 
               
               
                   
                 17.5 
                 0.0675 
                 200 
                 83 
                 198 
                 346 
               
               
                   
                 12.0 
                 0.0564 
                 250 
                 101 
                 249 
                 416 
               
               
                 8002 
                 81.5 
                 0.2843 
                 150 
                 57 
                 150 
                 301 
               
               
                   
                 41.4 
                 0.2033 
                 200 
                 75 
                 196 
                 356 
               
               
                   
                 22.8 
                 0.1513 
                 250 
                 98 
                 248 
                 409 
               
               
                 8003 
                 150.5 
                 0.5743 
                 150 
                 54 
                 152 
                 346 
               
               
                   
                 73.1 
                 0.4014 
                 200 
                 68 
                 199 
                 394 
               
               
                   
                 40.4 
                 0.2997 
                 250 
                 88 
                 249 
                 446 
               
               
                 8001E 
                 32.5 
                 0.0899 
                 150 
                 60 
                 150 
                 328 
               
               
                   
                 20.7 
                 0.0720 
                 200 
                 76 
                 201 
                 398 
               
               
                   
                 15.6 
                 0.0631 
                 250 
                 89 
                 248 
                 451 
               
               
                 8002E 
                 154.8 
                 0.3897 
                 150 
                 50 
                 150 
                 307 
               
               
                   
                 75.5 
                 0.2730 
                 200 
                 66 
                 199 
                 368 
               
               
                   
                 34.5 
                 0.1849 
                 250 
                 80 
                 250 
                 433 
               
               
                 8003E 
                 206.1 
                 0.6722 
                 150 
                 46 
                 149 
                 321 
               
               
                   
                 116.0 
                 0.5058 
                 200 
                 65 
                 201 
                 387 
               
               
                   
                 61.4 
                 0.3688 
                 250 
                 83 
                 249 
                 443 
               
               
                 9501E 
                 27.5 
                 0.0840 
                 150 
                 60 
                 149 
                 346 
               
               
                   
                 17.5 
                 0.0672 
                 200 
                 75 
                 198 
                 422 
               
               
                   
                 13.8 
                 0.0601 
                 250 
                 89 
                 249 
                 461 
               
               
                 9502E 
                 111.5 
                 0.3376 
                 150 
                 54 
                 151 
                 306 
               
               
                   
                 51.3 
                 0.2295 
                 200 
                 68 
                 199 
                 376 
               
               
                   
                 24.3 
                 0.1586 
                 250 
                 86 
                 249 
                 432 
               
               
                 9503E 
                 167.1 
                 0.6125 
                 150 
                 48 
                 151 
                 318 
               
               
                   
                 83.2 
                 0.4336 
                 200 
                 65 
                 200 
                 387 
               
               
                   
                 41.2 
                 0.3063 
                 250 
                 81 
                 251 
                 451 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Drop size diameter and flow rate as a function of Nozzle tip type and Pressure (65° 
               
               
                 nozzle angle; fluid is water) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Target 
                 Estimated Drop Size 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Diameters (microns) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Nozzle Tip 
                 Pressure (PSI) 
                 Flow Rate (GPM) 
                 D V0.50   
                 D V0.10   
                 D V0.50   
                 D V0.90   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 6501 
                 38.1 
                 0.098 
                 150 
                 64 
                 150 
                 280 
               
               
                   
                 20.7 
                 0.072 
                 200 
                 83 
                 198 
                 346 
               
               
                   
                 14.0 
                 0.059 
                 250 
                 101 
                 249 
                 416 
               
               
                 6502 
                 103.9 
                 0.322 
                 150 
                 57 
                 150 
                 301 
               
               
                   
                 55.6 
                 0.236 
                 200 
                 75 
                 196 
                 356 
               
               
                   
                 29.9 
                 0.173 
                 250 
                 98 
                 248 
                 409 
               
               
                 6503 
                 173.8 
                 0.625 
                 150 
                 54 
                 152 
                 346 
               
               
                   
                 93.5 
                 0.459 
                 200 
                 68 
                 199 
                 394 
               
               
                   
                 54.6 
                 0.350 
                 250 
                 88 
                 249 
                 446 
               
               
                 6501E 
                 36.7 
                 0.096 
                 150 
                 60 
                 150 
                 328 
               
               
                   
                 23.6 
                 0.077 
                 200 
                 76 
                 201 
                 398 
               
               
                   
                 17.5 
                 0.066 
                 250 
                 89 
                 248 
                 451 
               
               
                 6502E 
                 195.2 
                 0.442 
                 150 
                 50 
                 150 
                 307 
               
               
                   
                 100.2 
                 0.317 
                 200 
                 66 
                 199 
                 368 
               
               
                   
                 44.6 
                 0.211 
                 250 
                 80 
                 250 
                 433 
               
               
                 6503E 
                 238.1 
                 0.732 
                 150 
                 46 
                 149 
                 321 
               
               
                   
                 148.5 
                 0.578 
                 200 
                 65 
                 201 
                 387 
               
               
                   
                 82.7 
                 0.431 
                 250 
                 83 
                 249 
                 443 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 2 
     Evaluation of Single Nozzle (Different Nozzles at Fixed Pressures) 
       [0106]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Dose volume vs. Time. One nozzle tip test; 150 μM; 
               
               
                 Nozzle tip 8001E @ 32.5 psi 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
               
               
                   
                 during 0.5 seconds 
                 during 3 seconds 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 2.738 
                 16.37 
               
               
                 2 
                 2.734 
                 16.37 
               
               
                 3 
                 2.725 
                 16.38 
               
               
                 4 
                 2.723 
                 16.38 
               
               
                 5 
                 2.725 
                 16.39 
               
               
                 6 
                 2.721 
                 16.37 
               
               
                 7 
                 2.723 
                 16.38 
               
               
                 8 
                 2.726 
                 16.38 
               
               
                 9 
                 2.725 
                 16.38 
               
               
                 10  
                 2.726 
                 16.37 
               
               
                 Average 
                 2.727 
                 16.38 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Spray distribution test. 7 mL of water was delivered 
               
               
                 via 30 shots, from nozzle tip 8001E @ 32.5 psi, 
               
               
                 to a typical poultry basket, containing 66 collection cups 
               
               
                 Volume delivered to each cup 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1.88 
                 2.077 
                 2.205 
                 2.128 
                 1.87 
               
               
                 1.919 
                 1.946 
                 2.295 
                 2.214 
                 2.188 
               
               
                 1.661 
                 1.531 
                 1.986 
                 2.169 
                 2.063 
               
               
                 1.542 
                 1.577 
                 1.894 
                 2.066 
                 1.868 
               
               
                 1.602 
                 1.836 
                 1.569 
                 1.832 
                 1.189 
               
               
                 1.886 
                 2.152 
                 1.826 
                 1.567 
                 1.186 
               
               
                 1.957 
                 2.073 
                 2.174 
                 1.678 
                 1.185 
               
               
                 2.07 
                 1.518 
                 2.23 
                 2.021 
                 1.588 
               
               
                 1.95 
                 1.702 
                 2.155 
                 2.131 
                 1.73 
               
               
                 1.712 
                 2.029 
                 2.028 
                 2.118 
                 1.425 
               
               
                 1.537 
                 2.147 
                 2.057 
                 1.878 
               
               
                 1.867 
                 1.949 
                 1.833 
                 1.792 
               
               
                 2.059 
                 1.521 
                 1.583 
                 1.51 
               
               
                 2.149 
                 1.642 
                 1.734 
                 1.527 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Dosage test (spray period of 1.2 seconds) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 1 
                 7.268 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 7.253 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 7.226 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 7.224 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 7.211 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 7.215 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 7.211 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 7.236 
               
               
                   
                 9 
                 7.207 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 7.214 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 7.177 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 7.178 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 7.173 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 7.177 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 7.175 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 7.161 
               
               
                   
                 17 
                 7.174 
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 7.172 
               
               
                   
                 19 
                 7.172 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 7.175 
               
               
                   
                 21 
                 7.164 
               
               
                   
                 22 
                 7.166 
               
               
                   
                 23 
                 7.186 
               
               
                   
                 24 
                 7.196 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 7.18 
               
               
                   
                 26 
                 7.19 
               
               
                   
                 27 
                 7.174 
               
               
                   
                 28 
                 7.172 
               
               
                   
                 29 
                 7.173 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 7.179 
               
               
                   
                 31 
                 7.186 
               
               
                   
                 32 
                 7.183 
               
               
                   
                 33 
                 7.183 
               
               
                   
                 34 
                 7.178 
               
               
                   
                 35 
                 7.179 
               
               
                   
                 36 
                 7.179 
               
               
                   
                 37 
                 7.185 
               
               
                   
                 38 
                 7.182 
               
               
                   
                 39 
                 7.177 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 7.175 
               
               
                   
                 41 
                 7.179 
               
               
                   
                 42 
                 7.185 
               
               
                   
                 43 
                 7.183 
               
               
                   
                 44 
                 7.189 
               
               
                   
                 45 
                 7.166 
               
               
                   
                 46 
                 7.23 
               
               
                   
                 47 
                 7.224 
               
               
                   
                 48 
                 7.216 
               
               
                   
                 49 
                 7.22 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                 7.269 
               
               
                   
                 51 
                 7.256 
               
               
                   
                 52 
                 7.248 
               
               
                   
                 53 
                 7.231 
               
               
                   
                 54 
                 7.216 
               
               
                   
                 55 
                 7.197 
               
               
                   
                 56 
                 7.172 
               
               
                   
                 57 
                 7.158 
               
               
                   
                 58 
                 7.156 
               
               
                   
                 59 
                 7.219 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 7.211 
               
               
                   
                 61 
                 7.188 
               
               
                   
                 62 
                 7.18 
               
               
                   
                 63 
                 7.188 
               
               
                   
                 64 
                 7.183 
               
               
                   
                 65 
                 7.205 
               
               
                   
                 66 
                 7.198 
               
               
                   
                 67 
                 7.183 
               
               
                   
                 68 
                 7.18 
               
               
                   
                 69 
                 7.18 
               
               
                   
                 70 
                 7.174 
               
               
                   
                 71 
                 7.173 
               
               
                   
                 72 
                 7.175 
               
               
                   
                 73 
                 7.171 
               
               
                   
                 74 
                 7.197 
               
               
                   
                 75 
                 7.188 
               
               
                   
                 76 
                 7.202 
               
               
                   
                 77 
                 7.203 
               
               
                   
                 78 
                 7.197 
               
               
                   
                 79 
                 7.208 
               
               
                   
                 80 
                 7.186 
               
               
                   
                 81 
                 7.162 
               
               
                   
                 82 
                 7.16 
               
               
                   
                 83 
                 7.15 
               
               
                   
                 84 
                 7.155 
               
               
                   
                 85 
                 7.147 
               
               
                   
                 86 
                 7.147 
               
               
                   
                 87 
                 7.161 
               
               
                   
                 88 
                 7.162 
               
               
                   
                 89 
                 7.153 
               
               
                   
                 90 
                 7.161 
               
               
                   
                 91 
                 7.18 
               
               
                   
                 92 
                 7.174 
               
               
                   
                 93 
                 7.185 
               
               
                   
                 94 
                 7.177 
               
               
                   
                 95 
                 7.175 
               
               
                   
                 96 
                 7.179 
               
               
                   
                 97 
                 7.164 
               
               
                   
                 98 
                 7.177 
               
               
                   
                 99 
                 7.179 
               
               
                   
                 100 
                 7.18 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Dose (g) volume vs. Time. One nozzle tip test; 200 μM; 
               
               
                 Nozzle tip 9502E @ 51.5 psi 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
               
               
                   
                 during 0.5 seconds 
                 during 3 seconds 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 6.564 
                 39.106 
               
               
                 2 
                 6.542 
                 39.159 
               
               
                 3 
                 6.565 
                 39.097 
               
               
                 4 
                 6.555 
                 39.13 
               
               
                 5 
                 6.541 
                 39.109 
               
               
                 6 
                 6.54 
                 39.092 
               
               
                 7 
                 6.511 
                 39.111 
               
               
                 8 
                 6.5 
                 39.15 
               
               
                 9 
                 6.496 
                 39.158 
               
               
                 10  
                 6.498 
                 39.16 
               
               
                 Average 
                 6.5312 
                 39.1272 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Dosage test (spray period of 1.1 seconds) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 1 
                 14.365 
               
               
                   
                 2 
                 14.369 
               
               
                   
                 3 
                 14.355 
               
               
                   
                 4 
                 14.335 
               
               
                   
                 5 
                 14.361 
               
               
                   
                 6 
                 14.384 
               
               
                   
                 7 
                 14.376 
               
               
                   
                 8 
                 14.348 
               
               
                   
                 9 
                 14.385 
               
               
                   
                 10 
                 14.373 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 14.349 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 14.354 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 14.351 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 14.352 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 14.365 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 14.357 
               
               
                   
                 17 
                 14.313 
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 14.362 
               
               
                   
                 19 
                 14.381 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 14.357 
               
               
                   
                 21 
                 14.318 
               
               
                   
                 22 
                 14.29 
               
               
                   
                 23 
                 14.277 
               
               
                   
                 24 
                 14.315 
               
               
                   
                 25 
                 14.326 
               
               
                   
                 26 
                 14.276 
               
               
                   
                 27 
                 14.295 
               
               
                   
                 28 
                 14.283 
               
               
                   
                 29 
                 14.277 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 14.284 
               
               
                   
                 31 
                 14.276 
               
               
                   
                 32 
                 14.265 
               
               
                   
                 33 
                 14.269 
               
               
                   
                 34 
                 14.258 
               
               
                   
                 35 
                 14.263 
               
               
                   
                 36 
                 14.309 
               
               
                   
                 37 
                 14.295 
               
               
                   
                 38 
                 14.294 
               
               
                   
                 39 
                 14.289 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 14.311 
               
               
                   
                 41 
                 14.309 
               
               
                   
                 42 
                 14.262 
               
               
                   
                 43 
                 14.321 
               
               
                   
                 44 
                 14.33 
               
               
                   
                 45 
                 14.329 
               
               
                   
                 46 
                 14.3 
               
               
                   
                 47 
                 14.314 
               
               
                   
                 48 
                 14.291 
               
               
                   
                 49 
                 14.307 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                 14.313 
               
               
                   
                 51 
                 14.317 
               
               
                   
                 52 
                 14.317 
               
               
                   
                 53 
                 14.315 
               
               
                   
                 54 
                 14.309 
               
               
                   
                 55 
                 14.319 
               
               
                   
                 56 
                 14.332 
               
               
                   
                 57 
                 14.311 
               
               
                   
                 58 
                 14.301 
               
               
                   
                 59 
                 14.25 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 14.255 
               
               
                   
                 61 
                 14.224 
               
               
                   
                 62 
                 14.283 
               
               
                   
                 63 
                 14.321 
               
               
                   
                 64 
                 14.343 
               
               
                   
                 65 
                 14.338 
               
               
                   
                 66 
                 14.328 
               
               
                   
                 67 
                 14.328 
               
               
                   
                 68 
                 14.336 
               
               
                   
                 69 
                 14.363 
               
               
                   
                 70 
                 14.334 
               
               
                   
                 71 
                 14.309 
               
               
                   
                 72 
                 14.314 
               
               
                   
                 73 
                 14.242 
               
               
                   
                 74 
                 14.234 
               
               
                   
                 75 
                 14.315 
               
               
                   
                 76 
                 14.322 
               
               
                   
                 77 
                 14.315 
               
               
                   
                 78 
                 14.301 
               
               
                   
                 79 
                 14.302 
               
               
                   
                 80 
                 14.303 
               
               
                   
                 81 
                 14.345 
               
               
                   
                 82 
                 14.332 
               
               
                   
                 83 
                 14.314 
               
               
                   
                 84 
                 14.312 
               
               
                   
                 85 
                 14.323 
               
               
                   
                 86 
                 14.334 
               
               
                   
                 87 
                 14.323 
               
               
                   
                 88 
                 14.323 
               
               
                   
                 89 
                 14.326 
               
               
                   
                 90 
                 14.326 
               
               
                   
                 91 
                 14.312 
               
               
                   
                 92 
                 14.264 
               
               
                   
                 93 
                 14.236 
               
               
                   
                 94 
                 14.221 
               
               
                   
                 95 
                 14.219 
               
               
                   
                 96 
                 14.228 
               
               
                   
                 97 
                 14.246 
               
               
                   
                 98 
                 14.234 
               
               
                   
                 99 
                 14.232 
               
               
                   
                 100 
                 14.238 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Dose (g) volume vs. Time. One nozzle tip test; 250 μM; 
               
               
                 Nozzle tip 8003E @ 61.4 psi 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
               
               
                   
                 during 0.5 seconds 
                 during 3 seconds 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 10.217 
                 61.256 
               
               
                 2 
                 10.242 
                 — 
               
               
                 3 
                 10.203 
                 — 
               
               
                 4 
                 10.224 
                 — 
               
               
                 5 
                 10.204 
                 — 
               
               
                 6 
                 10.22 
                 — 
               
               
                 7 
                 10.227 
                 — 
               
               
                 8 
                 10.26 
                 — 
               
               
                 9 
                 10.272 
                 — 
               
               
                 10  
                 10.268 
                 — 
               
               
                 Average 
                 10.2337 
                 61.256 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 3 
     Two Nozzles Test 
       [0107]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Dose (g) volume vs. Time. One nozzle tip test; 150 μM; 
               
               
                 Two 6501E nozzle tips @ 36.7 psi 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
               
               
                   
                 during 0.5 seconds 
                 during 3 seconds 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 5.914 
                 35.097 
               
               
                 2 
                 5.912 
                 35.167 
               
               
                 3 
                 5.905 
                 35.154 
               
               
                 4 
                 5.901 
                 35.125 
               
               
                 5 
                 5.892 
                 35.109 
               
               
                 6 
                 5.889 
                 35.104 
               
               
                 7 
                 5.88 
                 35.132 
               
               
                 8 
                 5.868 
                 35.117 
               
               
                 9 
                 5.872 
                 35.08 
               
               
                 10  
                 5.863 
                 35.144 
               
               
                 Average 
                 5.8896 
                 35.1229 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Dose (g) volume vs. Time. One nozzle tip test; 200 μM; 
               
               
                 Two 6502E nozzle tips @ 55.6 psi 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
               
               
                   
                 during 0.5 seconds 
                 during 3 seconds 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 12.918 
                 76.678 
               
               
                 2 
                 12.908 
                 — 
               
               
                 3 
                 12.895 
                 — 
               
               
                 4 
                 12.83 
                 — 
               
               
                 5 
                 12.803 
                 — 
               
               
                 6 
                 12.777 
                 — 
               
               
                 7 
                 12.776 
                 — 
               
               
                 8 
                 12.767 
                 — 
               
               
                 9 
                 12.768 
                 — 
               
               
                 10  
                 12.787 
                 — 
               
               
                 Average 
                 12.8229 
                 76.678 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Dose (g) volume vs. Time. One nozzle test; 250 μM; 
               
               
                 Two 6503E nozzles @ 54.6 psi 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
                 Dose (mL) delivered 
               
               
                   
                 during 0.5 seconds 
                 during 3 seconds 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 18.559 
                 111.484 
               
               
                 2 
                 18.572 
                 — 
               
               
                 3 
                 18.571 
                 — 
               
               
                 4 
                 18.567 
                 — 
               
               
                 5 
                 18.561 
                 — 
               
               
                 6 
                 18.547 
                 — 
               
               
                 7 
                 18.558 
                 — 
               
               
                 8 
                 18.578 
                 — 
               
               
                 9 
                 18.585 
                 — 
               
               
                 10  
                 18.561 
                 — 
               
               
                 Average 
                 18.5659 
                 111.484 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0108]    Data underlying  FIG. 12 : Height: 9.5 Nozzle: TPU—8001; Pressure: 30 psi; Copt=3.67% (all the data below and presented graphically in  FIGS. 12-17  were evaluated using “WINDOX 5.6.1.0, FREE” software. 
       HELOS (H2476) &amp; SPRAYER, R6: 0.5/9.0 . . . 1750 μm 
     Volume Median Diameter: D V0.5  178.80 μm 
       [0109]    Number Median Diameter: D N0.5  62.62 μm; D V0.1  87.35 μm; D V0.9  323.89 D V0.99  446.91 μm 
       Relative Span Factor: RSF 1.32 
     Arithmetic Mean Diameter: D 10  75.43 μm 
     Surface Mean Diameter: D 20  90.50 μm 
     Volume Mean Diameter: D 30  106.97 μm 
       [0110]    Surface-Dia. Mean Diameter: D 21  108.59 μm 
       Evaporative Mean Diameter: D 31  127.38 μm 
     Sauter Mean Diameter: D 32  149.42 μm 
       [0111]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Distribution data underlying the graph in FIG. 12 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Diameter 
                 Volume 
               
               
                   
                 (μm) 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 9.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 11.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 13.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 15.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 18.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 22.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 26.00 
                 0.08 
               
               
                   
                 31.00 
                 0.24 
               
               
                   
                 37.00 
                 0.51 
               
               
                   
                 43.00 
                 0.89 
               
               
                   
                 50.00 
                 1.49 
               
               
                   
                 60.00 
                 2.76 
               
               
                   
                 75.00 
                 5.92 
               
               
                   
                 90.00 
                 10.89 
               
               
                   
                 105.00 
                 17.21 
               
               
                   
                 125.00 
                 26.40 
               
               
                   
                 150.00 
                 37.79 
               
               
                   
                 180.00 
                 50.51 
               
               
                   
                 210.00 
                 61.97 
               
               
                   
                 250.00 
                 74.95 
               
               
                   
                 300.00 
                 86.76 
               
               
                   
                 360.00 
                 94.90 
               
               
                   
                 430.00 
                 98.72 
               
               
                   
                 510.00 
                 99.95 
               
               
                   
                 610.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 730.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 870.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1030.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1230.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1470.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1750.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Data Underlying FIG.  13 : 
       [0112]    Height: 9.5 Nozzle: TPU—8001; Pressure: 50 psi; Copt=5.92% 
       HELOS (H2476) &amp; SPRAYER, R6: 0.5/9.0 . . . 1750 μm 
     Volume Median Diameter: D V0.5  133.84 μm 
     Arithmetic Mean Diameter: D10 55.63 μm 
       [0113]    Number Median Diameter: D N0.5  43.55 μm; D V0.1  68.39 μm; D V0.9  258.10 μm; D V0.99  379.56 μm 
       Surface Mean Diameter: D20 67.69 μm 
     Volume Mean Diameter: D30 80.69 μm 
       [0114]    Surface-Dia. Mean Diameter: D21 82.35 μm 
       Evaporative Mean Diameter: D31 97.17 μm 
     Relative Span Factor: RSF 1.42 
     Sauter Mean Diameter: D32 114.66 μm 
       [0115]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 13 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Distribution data underlying the graph in FIG. 13 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Diameter 
                 Volume 
               
               
                   
                 (μm) 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 9.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 11.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 13.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 15.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 18.00 
                 0.05 
               
               
                   
                 22.00 
                 0.18 
               
               
                   
                 26.00 
                 0.41 
               
               
                   
                 31.00 
                 0.82 
               
               
                   
                 37.00 
                 1.52 
               
               
                   
                 43.00 
                 2.45 
               
               
                   
                 50.00 
                 3.86 
               
               
                   
                 60.00 
                 6.60 
               
               
                   
                 75.00 
                 12.72 
               
               
                   
                 90.00 
                 21.55 
               
               
                   
                 105.00 
                 31.69 
               
               
                   
                 125.00 
                 44.99 
               
               
                   
                 150.00 
                 59.07 
               
               
                   
                 180.00 
                 71.62 
               
               
                   
                 210.00 
                 80.68 
               
               
                   
                 250.00 
                 88.99 
               
               
                   
                 300.00 
                 95.15 
               
               
                   
                 360.00 
                 98.63 
               
               
                   
                 430.00 
                 99.86 
               
               
                   
                 510.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 610.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 730.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 870.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1030.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1230.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1470.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1750.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Data Underlying FIG.  14 : 
       [0116]    Height: 9.5 Nozzle: TPU—8001; Pressure: 80 psi; Copt=8.14% 
       HELOS (H2476) &amp; SPRAYER, R6: 0.5/9.0 . . . 1750 μm 
     Volume Median Diameter: D V0.5  114.70 μm 
     Arithmetic Mean Diameter: D10 42.15 μm 
       [0117]    Number Median Diameter: D N0.5  31.12 μm; D V0.1  56.61 μm; D V0.9  229.45 μm; D V0.99  368.18 μm 
       Surface Mean Diameter: D20 52.72 μm 
     Volume Mean Diameter: D30 64.47 μm 
       [0118]    Surface-Dia. Mean Diameter: D21 65.96 μm 
       Evaporative Mean Diameter: D31 79.74 μm 
     Relative Span Factor: RSF 1.51 
     Sauter Mean Diameter: D32 96.40 μm 
       [0119]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 14 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Distribution data underlying the graph in FIG. 14 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Diameter 
                 Volume 
               
               
                   
                 (μm) 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 9.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 11.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 13.00 
                 0.02 
               
               
                   
                 15.00 
                 0.10 
               
               
                   
                 18.00 
                 0.27 
               
               
                   
                 22.00 
                 0.61 
               
               
                   
                 26.00 
                 1.09 
               
               
                   
                 31.00 
                 1.88 
               
               
                   
                 37.00 
                 3.14 
               
               
                   
                 43.00 
                 4.78 
               
               
                   
                 50.00 
                 7.17 
               
               
                   
                 60.00 
                 11.51 
               
               
                   
                 75.00 
                 20.22 
               
               
                   
                 90.00 
                 31.43 
               
               
                   
                 105.00 
                 43.14 
               
               
                   
                 125.00 
                 57.23 
               
               
                   
                 150.00 
                 70.42 
               
               
                   
                 180.00 
                 80.71 
               
               
                   
                 210.00 
                 87.30 
               
               
                   
                 250.00 
                 92.83 
               
               
                   
                 300.00 
                 96.67 
               
               
                   
                 360.00 
                 98.88 
               
               
                   
                 430.00 
                 99.87 
               
               
                   
                 510.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 610.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 730.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 870.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1030.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1230.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1470.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1750.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Data Underlying FIG.  15 : 
       [0120]    Height: 9.5 Nozzle: TPU—8002; Pressure: 30 psi; Copt=4.89% 
       HELOS (H2476) &amp; SPRAYER, R6: 0.5/9.0 . . . 1750 μm 
     Volume Median Diameter: D V0.5  216.59 μm Arithmetic Mean Diameter: D10 74.64 μm 
     Number Median Diameter: D N0.5  58.61 μm Surface Mean Diameter: D20 92.51 μm 
     D V0.1  93.65 μm Volume Mean Diameter: D30 113.18 μm 
       [0121]    D V0.9  381.13 μm Surface-Dia. Mean Diameter: D21 114.67 μm 
       D V0.99  501.69 μm Evaporative Mean Diameter: D31 139.36 μm 
     Relative Span Factor: RSF 1.33 Sauter Mean Diameter: D32 169.37 μm 
       [0122]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 15 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Distribution data underlying the graph in FIG. 15 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Diameter 
                 Volume 
               
               
                   
                 (μm) 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 9.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 11.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 13.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 15.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 18.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 22.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 26.00 
                 0.07 
               
               
                   
                 31.00 
                 0.22 
               
               
                   
                 37.00 
                 0.47 
               
               
                   
                 43.00 
                 0.82 
               
               
                   
                 50.00 
                 1.36 
               
               
                   
                 60.00 
                 2.47 
               
               
                   
                 75.00 
                 5.05 
               
               
                   
                 90.00 
                 8.86 
               
               
                   
                 105.00 
                 13.54 
               
               
                   
                 125.00 
                 20.26 
               
               
                   
                 150.00 
                 28.66 
               
               
                   
                 180.00 
                 38.42 
               
               
                   
                 210.00 
                 47.97 
               
               
                   
                 250.00 
                 60.31 
               
               
                   
                 300.00 
                 74.33 
               
               
                   
                 360.00 
                 87.39 
               
               
                   
                 430.00 
                 96.04 
               
               
                   
                 510.00 
                 99.34 
               
               
                   
                 610.00 
                 99.99 
               
               
                   
                 730.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 870.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1030.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1230.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1470.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1750.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Data Underlying FIG.  16 : 
       [0123]    Height: 9.5 Nozzle: TPU—8002; Pressure: 50 psi; Copt=6.80% 
       HELOS (H2476) &amp; SPRAYER, R6: 0.5/9.0 . . . 1750 μm 
     Volume Median Diameter: D V0.5  179.43 μm 
     Arithmetic Mean Diameter: D10 58.11 μm 
       [0124]    Number Median Diameter: D N0.5  43.75 μm; D V0.1  77.27 μm; D V0.9  343.79 μm; D V0.99  476.67 μm 
       Surface Mean Diameter: D20 72.93 μm 
     Volume Mean Diameter: D30 90.73 μm 
       [0125]    Surface-Dia. Mean Diameter: D21 91.52 μm 
       Evaporative Mean Diameter: D31 113.36 μm 
     Relative Span Factor: RSF 1.49 
     Sauter Mean Diameter: D32 140.43 μm 
       [0126]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 16 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Distribution data underlying the graph in FIG. 16 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Diameter 
                 Volume 
               
               
                   
                 (μm) 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 9.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 11.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 13.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 15.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 18.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 22.00 
                 0.11 
               
               
                   
                 26.00 
                 0.30 
               
               
                   
                 31.00 
                 0.62 
               
               
                   
                 37.00 
                 1.15 
               
               
                   
                 43.00 
                 1.86 
               
               
                   
                 50.00 
                 2.92 
               
               
                   
                 60.00 
                 4.94 
               
               
                   
                 75.00 
                 9.17 
               
               
                   
                 90.00 
                 14.73 
               
               
                   
                 105.00 
                 20.97 
               
               
                   
                 125.00 
                 29.40 
               
               
                   
                 150.00 
                 39.37 
               
               
                   
                 180.00 
                 50.21 
               
               
                   
                 210.00 
                 60.03 
               
               
                   
                 250.00 
                 71.58 
               
               
                   
                 300.00 
                 83.14 
               
               
                   
                 360.00 
                 92.54 
               
               
                   
                 430.00 
                 97.97 
               
               
                   
                 510.00 
                 99.73 
               
               
                   
                 610.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 730.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 870.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1030.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1230.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1470.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1750.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Data Underlying FIG.  17 : 
       [0127]    Height: 9.5 Nozzle: TPU—8002; Pressure: 80 psi; Copt=7.83%
 
HELOS (H2476) &amp; SPRAYER, R6: 0.5/9.0 . . . 1750 μm; Volume Median Diameter: D V0.5  152.27 μm; Arithmetic Mean Diameter: D10 43.09 μm; Number Median Diameter: D N0.5  30.44 μm; D V0.1  64.93 μm; D V0.9  320.49 μm; D V0.99  467.33 μm; Surface Mean Diameter: D20 56.01 μm
 
Volume Mean Diameter: D30 71.99 μm; Surface-Dia. Mean Diameter: D21 72.80 μm; Evaporative Mean Diameter: D31 93.06 μm; Relative Span Factor: RSF 1.68; Sauter Mean Diameter: D32 118.95 μm.
 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 17 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Cumulative Distribution data underlying the graph in FIG. 17 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Diameter 
                 Volume 
               
               
                   
                 (μm) 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 9.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 11.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 13.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 15.00 
                 0.05 
               
               
                   
                 18.00 
                 0.20 
               
               
                   
                 22.00 
                 0.47 
               
               
                   
                 26.00 
                 0.84 
               
               
                   
                 31.00 
                 1.44 
               
               
                   
                 37.00 
                 2.36 
               
               
                   
                 43.00 
                 3.53 
               
               
                   
                 50.00 
                 5.19 
               
               
                   
                 60.00 
                 8.15 
               
               
                   
                 75.00 
                 13.87 
               
               
                   
                 90.00 
                 20.92 
               
               
                   
                 105.00 
                 28.49 
               
               
                   
                 125.00 
                 38.32 
               
               
                   
                 150.00 
                 49.19 
               
               
                   
                 180.00 
                 59.99 
               
               
                   
                 210.00 
                 68.97 
               
               
                   
                 250.00 
                 78.72 
               
               
                   
                 300.00 
                 87.69 
               
               
                   
                 360.00 
                 94.41 
               
               
                   
                 430.00 
                 98.20 
               
               
                   
                 510.00 
                 99.87 
               
               
                   
                 610.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 730.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 870.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1030.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1230.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1470.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                 1750.00 
                 100.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       [0128]      FIG. 1A  shows a side-view of a spray applicator  1  equipped with rapidly actuatable spray nozzles  20 , according to the disclosure. All numbers refer to the same parts, unless otherwise expressly stated. The applicator comprises a base  5 , comprising a rolling means  6  (e.g. a wheel or caster or the like) for facilitating the movement of the applicator from one location (e.g. a storage location) to another location (e.g. a use location). Use locations include places in hatcheries where crates/baskets containing young avian animals are being transported along a conveyor system. The base  5  may further comprise a rolling means locking means  7  (e.g. a friction brake) for preventing the rolling means  6  from rolling. In addition to the locking means  7 , the base  5  may also comprise a standing means  8  (e.g. feet, including deployable and adjustable feet) for maintaining the applicator in a fixed position when movement of the applicator is not desired (e.g. when the applicator is in its storage or use location). 
         [0129]    As shown, the applicator comprises a housing  10 , which is attached to and supported by the base  5 . In an embodiment, the housing  10  attaches to the base by the fixing of nuts and bolts through base openings  9 . The base openings  9  align with corresponding openings on the bottom portion of the housing  10 . The housing  10  comprises a tank holder  13  for holding a tank  15 . The tank or has a lid  16  comprising a safety blow off valve, and is in fluid communication with a programmable spray module  30  (for controlling the amount and timing of liquid sprayed by the nozzles), which is itself in electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic connection with one or a plurality of actuatable automatic spray nozzles  20 . The nozzles  20  are fluidly connected to the tank via conduits  27  that pass through the housing  10  via orifice  18 . Electrical connectivity, including wires, may be employed to electrically connect the automatic spray nozzles  20  to the module  30 , such that the module  30  may be programmed to control the opening and closing of the automatic spray nozzles  20 . The tank  15  may further comprise a level liquid float  17 . The flow of fluid may be functionally connected to a sensor  12 , which is capable of relaying/communicating a fluid flow status (e.g. lack of flow, low pressure, high pressure, and the like) to a user via the spray module  30  or via a light indicator  40 . 
         [0130]    Further attached to the housing  10 , via a rod attachment means  11 , is a vertical nozzle hood assembly adjustment rod  23 . Attached to the vertical rod  23  is a horizontal nozzle hood adjustment rod  24 , which attaches to hood panels  26  via hood panel attachment means  25  (e.g. a hood mounting plate, having slots for receiving the panels). At the top of the applicator housing  10  is a vaccine or other fluid alarm status indicator light tower  40  and a pressure regulator  41 . Below the pressure regulator  44  is a pressure gauge indicator  35 , and below that is an access hatch  34 , which provides secure access to the programmable spray module  30 . The spray module  30  is operable and programmable via a touch screen  31 , which is attached thereto. Situated on the housing  10  and below the hatch  34  is an “on” indicator  36  and an “on/off” switching means  37 . 
         [0131]    A user may input commands into the spray module  30  to regulate the amount and timing of liquid that is sprayed through the automatic spray nozzle  20  and onto a plurality of young avian animals  110 . As shown in  FIG. 1F , the avian animals may be young chicks  110  contained within a poultry hatchery-style basket  100 , or other suitable means for transporting chicks in a hatchery, including along a conveyor system, including a conveyor belt. 
         [0132]    In an advantageous embodiment, the spray applicator  1  is positioned above a hatchery conveyor belt, which is transporting young avian animals  110  to be vaccinated. The nozzle  20  height and positioning (e.g. up/down, nearer/farther from one another, near/farther away from the spray applicator housing  10 ) are adjusted to optimize the delivery of liquids, including vaccines and probiotic formulations, to the avian animals  110 . Many routine configurations of the automatic spray nozzles will become apparent to the skilled person now that the instant disclosure has been made. 
         [0133]    In a particular embodiment, either the 8001E and 6501E nozzle tip may be used to achieve the desired droplet size of about 150 microns. In one embodiment, the 8001E nozzle tip is used for low volume hatcheries and slower conveyor speeds. As indicated in the Figures, the maximum dose for the 8001E nozzle tip at 32.5 psi to achieve 150 microns is about 16 ml. 
         [0134]    In another embodiment, for hatcheries that use higher delivery volumes (e.g. about 21 mL) and faster conveyor speeds, two 6501E nozzle tips (i.e. three automatic spray nozzles equipped with 6501E nozzle tips) at 36.7 psi may be used, to achieve the higher dose at the given conveyor speed, since the 6501E nozzle tips are limited to about 0.096 GPM. 
         [0135]    In yet another embodiment, three 6501E nozzle tips (i.e. three automatic spray nozzles equipped with 6501E nozzle tips) may be used to achieve a higher dose volume or to accommodate a faster conveyor speed. 
         [0136]    Other embodiments will become apparent to the skilled person in view of the foregoing disclosure.