Abstract:
A cutting tool in which a retention pin releasably holds an insert, or an insert and seat, in place in a recess of a cutter body. The retention pin is fabricated from a blank having a cylindrical body portion with a first axis concurrent with the axis of the cylindrical head thereof, the body portion thereafter being threaded on a second axis angularly disposed with respect to the first axis and intercepting the same at about the mid-point thereof. When the thus threaded pin is inserted into the bore, it rotates the head portion about the second axis, thereby to force the cutter insert against a supporting shoulder while drawing the insert into engagement with the seat. A retaining lip is provided on the shoulder to prevent tipping of the insert when such is forced into operating position.

Description:
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application, Ser. No. 218,579, filed Dec. 22, 1980, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,364,693. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to tool holders and more particularly, to tool holders adapted releasably to hold a disposable cutting insert in a seat or recess formed in the shank thereof. 
     Cutting tools of the aforesaid type typically have three or in some instances four, components--a shank, a retention pin, a disposable cutting insert made of a very hard cutting material such as a suitable metallic carbide, and if necessary, a seat or seating member for the insert. The shank is formed with a recess to provide a seating face and a supporting shoulder for the insert or for the insert and the seating member. The retention pin is typically adjustably secured at one end thereof in a threaded bore formed in the shank. The other end of the pin projects into a hole in the insert. The design of the assemblage is such that as the retention pin is threaded into the bore in the shank, it forces the cutting insert against the supporting shoulder of the shank and locks it in operating position. 
     Representative patents disclosing tool holders of this type are as follows: 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,533,150, Welch, discloses a retention pin which when fully seated, translates axially to cause the head portion thereof the force the cutter insert into snug engagement with the shoulder. U.S. Pat. No. 3,097,417, Hill, discloses a tool holder wherein the retention pin has an eccentrically positioned head portion, whereby rotation of the pin causes the head portion to force an insert against a supporting shoulder. 
     The following patents utilize retention pins having frusto-conical or wedging portions to force a cutting insert against a supporting shoulder: U.S. Pat. No. 3,284,874, Green et al; U.S. Pat. No. 3,310,859, Diemond et al; U.S. Pat. No. 3,341,919, Lovendahl; U.S. Pat. No. 3,613,198, Weber. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,341,920, Kelm, discloses a retention pin which acts as a lever with its fulcrum at its lower or threaded end, laterally to displace its head portion toward a locking shoulder to secure a cutter insert in place. U.S. Pat. No. 3,654,682, Newbould, discloses a retention pin which provides a fulcrum intermediate its ends to force a cutter insert against a shoulder of a recess in the shank. 
     A principal object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool of the aforesaid type wherein the retention pin is simpler in design and accordingly, less expensive to fabricate. 
     A further object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool of the aforementioned type wherein the bore in the shank has but one axis and thus, requires only one drilling and tapping operation. 
     A still further object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool of the aforementioned type wherein the retention pin will tip instead of just laterally translate as it seats the cutter insert snugly against the shoulder of the recess in the shank. 
     A still further object of the present invention is to provide a cutter tool wherein a retention pin is fabricated from a blank having a cylindrical head portion which initially, is coaxially disposed with respect to the cylindrical body portion of the pin prior to any threading thereof. 
     A still further object of the invention is to provide a cutter tool which will prevent the cutter insert from tipping when it is forced into its operating position. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention provides a tool holder adapted to hold a disposable cutting insert, the holder including a shank having a recess therein to provide a seating face and at least one supporting shoulder for supporting a cutting insert of the type having an axial hole therein. The shank has a threaded bore which is substantially normal to the seating face and which is adapted for alignment with the hole in the insert. 
     The holder further includes a threaded retention pin for engaging the threaded bore in the shank, the pin having a cylindrical head portion adapted to engage the hole in the insert. 
     The pin is initially fabricated from a blank having a cylindrical body portion with a first axis concurrent with the axis of the cylindrical head portion of the pin, the body portion thereafter being threaded on a second axis angularly disposed with respect to the first axis and intercepting the same. Thus, when the thus threaded pin is inserted into the bore, it rotates the head portion about the second axis, thereby to force the cutter insert against the supporting shoulder while drawing the insert into engagement with the seating face. 
     Preferably, the second angularly disposed axis along which the body portion of the pin is threaded, intersects the first axis thereof at about the mid-point of the cylindrical body portion. Thus, the moment of the force which is achieved as the threaded pin is screwed into the bore, is centered about the mid-length of the body portion, thereby to create a moment arm of maximum length and consequently, a more snug engagement of the insert against the shoulder of the shank than has been possible heretofore. 
     The second axis on which the body portion of the retention pin is threaded, is preferably disposed at an angle of about two degrees with respect to the first axis of the body portion prior to threading. 
     The holder may optionally include a seating member adapted to rest on the seating face, wherein the cutting insert is supported by the seating member. 
     In a preferred embodiment, either the holder or the seating member may be provided at its upper edge with a retaining lip such that when the insert is forced against the supporting shoulder, an edge of the upper face is disposed under the retaining lip, thereby to retain the lower face fully in contact with the seating face of the shank. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a tool holder in accordance with the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the blank from which the retention pin is fabricated; 
     FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the retention pin of the present invention after it has been threaded; 
     FIG. 4 is a generally schematic top view of the holder illustrating the cutting insert in its fully seated position in solid lines and in a released position in dashed lines, the location of the head portion of the retention pin being similarly illustrated for each of such two positions; 
     FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the tool holder illustrating the cutting insert in its fully seated position; 
     FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken on line 6--6 of FIG. 5 and illustrating the positions of the retention pin and the cutting insert when the latter is in a released position; 
     FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6 taken when the retention pin and cutting insert are in the fully seated position; 
     FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the invention wherein the holder includes a seating member having a retaining lip and the cutting insert is formed with a positive rake; 
     FIG. 9 is a top view of the holder of FIG. 8 illustrating the cutting insert in a fully seated position; 
     FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken on line 10--10 of FIG. 9; 
     FIG. 11 is a top view of still another alternative embodiment of the invention wherein the holder itself is provided with the retaining lip, the cutting insert also being illustrated in a fully seated position; and 
     FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken on line 12--12 of FIG. 11. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring to the drawings and particularly to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the tool holder of the present invention comprises four principal parts--a cutting insert 10, a cutting insert seat or seating member 11, a retention pin 12 and a cutting tool shank 13. The cutting insert 10 is of the disposable type, preferably made of a very hard cutting material such as a suitable metallic carbide, and has oppositely spaced parallel faces 14 and peripheral surfaces 15 forming cutting edges 16 as shown. A central hole 18 is formed perpendicular to each of the parallel faces 14. 
     The cutting tool shank 13 contains a recess 20 at the head portion thereof forming supporting shoulders 22 and a seating face 24. The shank is provided with a threaded bore 26 having an axis 28 which is substantially normal to the seating face 24 and extends completely through the shank, as shown. The terms &#34;upper&#34; and &#34;lower&#34; are used herein with reference to the position of the tool holder and principal parts thereof as they are shown in the drawings. The tool may, of course, assume any position in a cutting or machining operation. 
     The insert 10 and seat 11 are fastened in the recess 20 by the retention pin 12 which has a hexagonal socket 30 or other suitable means for engaging an adjusting tool, formed in its upper or, if preferred, in its lower end. 
     The retention pin 12 is illustrated in FIG. 2 in its blank form, i.e., prior to threading. It comprises an upper cylindrical head portion 32 which is adapted to have a slack fit in the hole 18 of the insert 10. The blank further comprises a lower concentric cylindrical body portion 34 and a flange 36 at the junction of the upper and lower cylindrical portions 32, 34, the flange 36 being adapted to fit in a counter bore 38 in the seat 11. Portions 32, 34 and 36 of the pin 12 all have a common axis 40. 
     The threading of the pin 12 is a feature of the present invention and is illustrated in FIG. 3. It is accomplished by tilting pin 12 about two degrees about the center point 42 of that portion of axis 40 within body portion 34 and then cutting a thread 44 on the resulting tilted axis 46. The center of thread 44 is thus, directly on axis 40 of the blank, but only at point 42. Because the thread axis 46 is tilted with respect to the blank axis 40, a portion 48 of the threads 44 at the lower end 34a of the body portion 34 are cut missing some portions of their apices; the same occurs with respect to a portion 49 of the threads 44 at the upper end 34b of the body portion 34. The remaining portions 50, 51 of the thread 44 at the lower and upper ends 34a and 34b of the body portion 34, respectively, are cut with full apices. 
     FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7 illustrate the relationship between the cutting insert 10, retention pin 12 and the threaded bore 26 as pin 12 is inserted into bore 26. Inasmuch as thread 44 is cut on axis 46 which is angularly disposed with respect to axis 40, when pin 12 is inserted into bore 26, head portion 32 rotates about axis 46 as pin 12 draws insert 10 into engagement with seat 11. Thus, when pin 12 is somewhat less than 90° removed from its fully inserted position, head portion 32 is at its maximum outboard position 32a as shown in the dashed lines in FIG. 4 and also in FIG. 6. This position permits easy release of insert 10 so as to facilitate indexing thereof. 
     As pin 12 is further rotated to achieve its fully seated position, head portion 32 rotates about axis 46 and thus, translates to the right as shown in solid lines in FIG. 4, thereby to force insert 10 against shoulders 22. As viewed in FIG. 7, head portion 32 makes full contact with hole 18, thereby to press insert 10 fully against shoulders 22, the projections of the three axes 28, 40 and 46 falling upon each other. Because the center of thread 44 is directly on blank axis 40 at point 42, a tilting moment about such point is achieved and this moment is centered about point 42, i.e., about the mid-length of the body portion 34 of pin 12. The force vectors of this moment are represented by the arrows F in FIG. 7. The construction creates the maximum moment arm possible and consequently, a very snug engagement of insert 10 against the shoulders 22. 
     The two degree tilt of axis 46 with respect to axis 40 is not highly critical; the tilting could be ±1/2 degree. 
     FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the invention. In certain applications I have found that when the retention pin is rotated to its full seating position, the contacting peripheral surface of the cutting insert may ride up on the supporting shoulder, thereby to tip the insert and prevent full contact with the seating face of the shank. The embodiment of FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 precludes this from happening. 
     Referring to FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 a tool holder comprises a cutting insert 110 having a standard positive rake angle of about 10° or 11° , a seating member 111, a retention pin 112 and a cutting tool shank 113. Insert 110 has oppositely spaced parallel faces 114 and peripheral surfaces 115 forming cutting edges 116 as shown. Surfaces 115 form an angle of about 10° or 11° with a perpendicular to faces 114, as mentioned. A central hole 118 is formed in insert 110 perpendicular to faces 114 thereof. 
     The shank 113 contains a recess 120 at the head portion thereof forming a supporting shoulder 122 and a seating face 124. Shank 113 is provided with a threaded bore 126 having an axis 128 which is substantially normal to face 124 and extends completely through the shank, as shown. 
     Seating member 111 is formed generally to fit within recess 120. Member 111 has an extending shelf 152 forming a supporting surface 154 for insert 110. A shoulder 156 is formed to support a face 115 of insert 110. Shoulder 156 is recessed as at 158 to accommodate the positive rake angle of insert 110. 
     A feature of this embodiment is the retaining lip 160 which is formed at the upper edge of shoulder 156. Lip 160 is designed to retain an edge 116 of insert 110 when the latter is drawn into full engagement with seat 111 and recess 120. 
     As in the case of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7, insert 110 and seat 111 are fastened in recess 120 by pin 112 which has a socket 130 formed in its upper or, if preferred, in its lower end. 
     Pin 112 comprises an upper cylindrical head portion 132 which has a slack fit in hole 118 of insert 110. As in the case of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-7, the lower body portion 134 of pin 112 is threaded on an axis 146 which makes a slight angle, preferably about two degrees, with the axis 140 of the head 132 and unthreaded body portion. 
     The threaded portion 134 of pin 112 is received in the threaded bore 126 of shank 113. When this occurs, head portion 132 rotates about axis 146 as insert 110 and seating member 111 are drawn into engagement with recess 120. When pin 112 is about 90° removed from its fully inserted position, head portion 132 is in a releasing position such that insert 110 and seating member 111 can be removed from shank 113. 
     As pin 112 is further rotated to its fully seating position, head portion 132 rotates about axis 146 and translates in the direction of the arrow 162 in FIG. 9, thereby to force insert 110 simultaneously into engagement with side 122a of recess 120 and shoulder 156 of seating member 111. The upper edge 116 of insert 110 is received in recess 158 and is retained by lip 160. 
     It is noted that the provision of lip 160 requires that insert 110 and seating member 111 move as a unit when being seated in or released from recess 120. Lip 160 retains insert 110 fully in contact with surface 154 of member 111 and of course, shelf 152 is retained fully in contact with seating face 124 of recess 120. Tipping of the insert during insertion, which might occur due to its positive rake, is completely precluded. 
     FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate a further embodiment of the invention wherein the retaining lip is provided directly on the shank. Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, a tool holder comprises a circular cutting insert 210 which is retained by a pin 212 within a shank 213. Insert 210 has oppositely spaced parallel faces 214 and a cylindrical peripheral surface 215 forming a circular cutting edge 216, as shown. Insert 210 has a central hole 218. 
     Shank 213 has a recess 220 at the head end thereof forming an arcuate supporting shoulder 222 and a seating face 224. Shank 213 has a threaded bore 226 having an axis 228 normal to face 224 and extending completely through shank 213, as shown. 
     The embodiment of FIGS. 11 and 12 does not include a seating member. Rather, a lip 260 is formed at the upper edge of shoulder 222 such that lip 260 can retain a portion of edge 216 of insert 210 when the latter is drawn into full engagement with recess 220. 
     As in the case of the other embodiments, insert 210 is fastened in recess 220 by pin 212 which has a socket 230 formed in its upper end. Pin 212 comprises an upper cylindrical head portion 232 which has a slack fit in hole 218. The lower body portion 234 is threaded on an axis 246 which makes a slight angle, preferably about two degrees, with the axis 240 of the head 232 and unthreaded body portion. 
     The threaded portion 234 of pin 212 is received in the threaded bore 226 of shank 213. When this occurs, head portion 232 rotates about axis 246 as insert 210 is drawn into recess 220. When pin 212 is about 90° removed from its fully inserted position, head 232 is in the releasing position shown in dashed lines in FIG. 12. In that position insert 210 can be readily removed from shank 213. As pin 212 is further rotated to its fully seating position, head portion 232 further rotates about axis 246 and translates in the direction of arrow 262 in FIG. 11, thereby to force insert 210 under lip 260 and into engagement with shoulder 222. Lip 260 retains insert 210 fully in contact with face 224. Tipping of the insert is completely precluded. 
     While the invention has been described and illustrated in its preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the precise details herein illustrated and described, since the same may be carried out in other ways falling within the scope of the following claims.