Abstract:
With this circuit arrangement a plurality of control commands can be inputted into a microcomputer system by means of only a single input channel and the microprocessor is relieved of the operation of scanning the peripherals for detecting the presence of control commands. By means of a release or enabling signal the microprocessor signals its preparedness for receiving interruptions, and the release or enabling signal activates a scanning and comparator unit arranged between an interrupt requirement input of the microprocessor and a peripheral unit. Thereafter the scanning and comparator unit scans control command transmitters grouped together in the peripheral unit and characterized by an address and compares the switching state thereof with a switching state which is stored under the same address. If the two switching states are different, there is generated an interrupt requirement or requisition and the stored switching state is adapted to the switching state of the control command transmitter.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a new and improved circuit arrangement for inputting control commands into a microcomputer system, wherein a microprocessor is connected to at least one read-write memory (RAM) and a read-only memory (ROM) by means of an address bus, data bus and control bus, and to a parallel input-output interface component or block by means of the address bus, an input-output bus and further lines. By means of at least one interrupt requirement input the input-output interface is connected to at least one peripheral unit. 
     A number of different methods have been developed for data transfer between a microcomputer system and the peripherals. Thus, for instance, with the programmed input and output of data the data transfer is controlled by a program which must be carried out by the microprocessor of the microcomputer system. Such arrangement is afflicted with the disadvantage that with an increasing number of peripheral units or peripherals there also increases the expenditure in software, and the processor, depending upon the mode of employment thereof, must scan the peripherals relatively frequently for detecting the presence of data or control commands. Thus, time is lost for performing other tasks. 
     With another prior art method, the so-called interrupt input, these disadvantages are partially avoided. In this case, it is common practice that, with the presence of data or control commands which are to be received an interrupt requirement or demand is transmitted to the microprocessor of the system. After accepting this interrupt requirement the microprocessor thereafter interrupts the then presently running program, intermediately stores or buffers the register contents, and by means of an interrupt program receives and processes the new data transmitted by the peripheral units or peripherals. Upon completion of the interrupt program the microprocessor continues with the main program. If there are present a number of peripheral units and there are simultaneously requested a number of interruptions, then the sequence of the data input and the processing of the data is determined by means of a priority logic. 
     With state-of-the-art microcomputer systems there are used interruption priority components or blocks which are simultaneously suitable for the parallel input and output of data. A component of this commercially available type, for instance TMS9901 manufactured by Texas Instruments Corp. (User&#39;s Manual TM990/100M, December 1977), possesses at its interface to the peripheral sixteen interrupt inputs and further inputs-outputs for parallely appearing data. At the interface to the microprocessor this component is provided with an interrupt output and four related address outputs and also further inputs and outputs which are required for the communication or data traffic with the microprocessor. Upon the occurrence of interrupt requirements or requests an internal priority logic determines the priority for the interrupt signals and forms the address belonging to the highest priority and also the interrupt for the microprocessor. 
     A disadvantage associated with the method of inputting interruptions resides in the fact that the microprocessor is forced to interrupt a running operation and to postpone the same. 
     With the employment of components of the type described above a running interrupt program itself can be interrupted by one or more newly occurring interrupts having a higher priority. The interleaving of interrupt programs resulting as a consequence thereof requires additional microprocessor time. A further disadvantage is manifested in the fact that there are present a relatively limited number of interrupt inputs, so that in the case of a multiplicity of control commands which are to be inputted there has to be performed an interrupt augmentation or enlargement by cascading two components or blocks. However, this requires an additional expenditure in software and, consequently, a corresponding greater amount of processor time. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a new and improved circuit arrangement which is not associated with the aforementioned drawbacks and limitations of the prior art arrangements. 
     Another important object of the present invention aims at providing a new and improved circuit arrangement which, with a plurality of control commands to be inputted, only requires a minimal number of input channels, and by means of which the time needed by the microprocessor during the input operation can be reduced. 
     Still a further important object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved circuit arrangement of the character described which is extremely reliable and effective in its operation. 
     Now in order to implement these and still further objects of the invention, which will become more readily apparent as the description proceeds, the present development contemplates partially adapting the two aforementioned state-of-the-art methods in that, the microprocessor by means of a release or enabling signal indicates its preparedness to accept interruptions. The release signal activates a scanning and comparator unit arranged between an interrupt requirement input of the parallel input-output interface component or block and the peripheral unit. This scanning and comparator unit thereafter scans control command transmitters grouped together in the peripheral unit and characterized by an address and compares the switching state thereof with a switching state which is stored under the same address. If the two switching states differ from each other, there is generated an interrupt requirement or demand and the stored switching state is adapted or matched to the switching state of the control command transmitter. 
     The advantages afforded by the present invention are essentially manifested in that, on the one hand, the microprocessor is relieved of the operation of scanning the peripherals and, on the other hand, there only is required one interrupt requirement input and no data input for a plurality of control commands which are to be inputted. Thus, the remaining inputs of the parallel interface component or block located at the interface or intersection to the peripherals are available for other tasks. Since the control command transmitters grouped together in the peripheral unit are sequentially scanned, an interrupt program, once it is running, cannot be interrupted by a newly incoming control command, which saves processor time. A further advantage of the present invention resides in the fact that the control transmitters are grouped together so that they form a matrix-type scanning or sampling field, which allows for economy in wiring and control elements as essentially is known to the art. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above, will become apparent when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. Such description makes reference to the annexed drawings wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a block circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement according to the invention; and 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a comparator unit or comparator of the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 1. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Describing now the drawings, there is illustrated in FIG. 1 a matrix-type scanning or sampling field which is generally designated by reference numeral 1. The row and column lines or conductors of this scanning field 1 can be connected at the intersection or cross-over points to a control command transmitter 3 which is connected in series with a diode 2 and which is conventionally responsive to any suitable external command signal. The row conductors Z 0  -Z n  are connected to the outputs of a row or line control 4 composed of a demultiplexer, optocouplers and amplifiers. An addressing or address device 4.1 addressing the row conductors Z 0  -Z n  and composed of a counter and clock generator is connected by means of the address line or conductor 4.2 with the row control 4 and an addressable latch 4.3. The column conductors S 0  -S n  are connected to the not particularly referenced inputs of a column receiver 5 composed of optocouplers, pulse shapers or formers and a driver. The outputs of the column receiver 5, which are operatively associated with the respective column conductors or lines, are connected to the inputs of multiple storages 6, and each line or row conductor is operatively associated with a multiple storage 6 and the number of storage cells of a multiple storage 6 is equal to the number of column conductors. Thus, there are provided, for instance, with a matrix having eight row and eight column conductors a total of sixty-four individual storage cells, which are divided-up into eight multiple or multi-storages 6 in the form of octal flip-flops. The clock connections or clock input connections CP of the multiple storages 6 are connected with the outputs of the addressable latch 4.3. When addressing, for instance, the row or line conductor Z 0  there are simultaneously activated, by means of the addressable latch 4.3, the clock connections CP of the octal flip-flop 6 which is operatively associated with the row conductor Z 0 , so that the switching states of the control command transmitters 3 which are connected to the row conductor Z 0  and the column conductors S 0  -S n  are transmitted by means of the column receiver 5 and the inputs of the corresponding octal flip-flop 6 to the outputs of the octal flip-flop 6. 
     Reference numeral 7 designates a multiplexer, the data inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the multiple storages 6. At its input side a bus driver 7.1 is connected to an address bus AB of a microcomputer system 8 and at its output side is connected by means of a first part 7.3 of the address conductor or line to the address inputs of a demultiplexer 7.2 and by means of a second part 7.4 of the address conductor to the address inputs of the multiplexer 7. The outputs 7.5 of the demultiplexer 7.2 are connected with the release or output enabling connections OE0 of the outputs of the multiple storages 6. By means of the bus driver 7.1 the output Z of the multiplexer 7 is connected to a data input line or conductor CRUIN which is operatively associated with a serial input-output bus CRU, and also a data output line or conductor CRUOUT and a clock signal line or conductor CRUCLK are connected with this serial input-output bus CRU. 
     A microprocessor CPU of the microcomputer system 8 is connected by the address bus AB, a data bus DB and a control bus StB to at least one read-write memory (RAM) and one read-only memory (ROM), and also by means of the address bus AB, the input-output bus CRU and further lines 9 and 10, respectively, to a parallel input-output interface component or block IF and a DMA-component DMA, meaning a direct memory access component or block. In each case one bit of a number of data words stored in the read-write memory RAM is associated with the switching state of a given control command transmitter 3. By means of an interrupt requirement or demand input CINT0 and an output CIEN0 delivering a release or enabling signal for a DMA-operation the parallel input-output interface component or block IF is connected to a comparator unit or comparator 11, which will be more fully discussed hereinafter when describing the illustration of FIG. 2. The DMA-component DMA is connected to the comparator unit 11 by means of an input ACCRQ10 which reads a DMA requirement or demand signal, and an output ACCGR10 which delivers a receipt signal. 
     In FIG. 2 there is designated by reference numeral 12 an Exclusive-OR gate which has its one input 12a connected to the data input line or conductor CRUIN and its other input 12b connected to the data output D out  of a further read-write memory Flag-RAM. The read-write memory Flag-RAM is connected with the address bus AB and by means of a data input D in  is connected to a data line or conductor DO of the data bus DB and by means of a write connection W is connected to a line or conductor MW of the control bus StB. In this further read-write memory Flag-RAM there are stored the switching states of the control command transmitters 3 in the form of 1-bit words. By means of a first NAND-gate 13 the output 12c of the Exclusive-OR gate 12, which is connected with the first input 13a of the NAND-gate 13, is connected to the inputs J and K0 of a first JKflip-flop 14, the output Q of which is connected to the interrupt requirement or demand input CINT0 of the parallel interface component or block IF and to the input 15a of a second NAND-gate 15. By means of the line or conductor 16 the DMA-component DMA, if used for other purposes, can deliver a disabling or inhibit signal to a further or second input 13b of the first NAND-gate 13. The set terminal or connection S of the first JKflip-flop 14 is connected with a further or second input 15b of the second NAND-gate 15 and with the output CIEN of the parallel interface component or block IF which delivers the release or enabling signal. The output 15c of the second NAND-gate 15 is connected with the inputs JK0 of a second JKflip-flop 17, the output Q of which is connected to the input ACCRQ1 of the DMA-component DMA, which input ACCRQ1 reads the DMA-requirement signal. The set connection S of the second Kflip-flop 17 is connected with the output ACCGR1 of the DMA-component DMA, and this output ACCGR1 delivers a receipt signal. 
     The connections or terminals and the connection lines required for transmitting the clock signal to the JKflip-flops have not been particularly illustrated in the drawings in order to simplify the showing thereof. The here described digital logic elements and components or blocks are commercially available components. For instance, there can be used for the microprocessor CPU, the parallel interface component IF and the DMA-component DMA such respective commercially available components of the type TMS9900, TMS9901 and TMS9911, manufactured by Texas Instruments Corp. In the drawings, the signals appearing at the various inputs and outputs of the components have been designated by the same reference characters as the corresponding inputs and outputs. 
     Hereinafter there will be described the mode of operation of the circuit arrangement described above, which may be used, for instance, for inputting floor or storey calls at microcomputer-controlled elevators. 
     With the generation of a release signal the microcomputer system 8 indicates its preparedness for receiving peripheral-control commands. The potential at the output CIEN of the parallel interface component IF is set high. The interrupt requirement or demand input CINT0 of the same component may possess a high potential, for instance if no interrupt requirement signal is present. At the output 15c of the second NAND-gate 15 and with the clock signal change also at the output Q of the second JKflip-flop 17 of the comparator unit 11 there occurs, in this case, a change in potential, which at the input ACCRQ1 of the DMA-component DMA is interpreted as a DMA requirement signal. Thereafter, the DMA-component DMA delivers by means of its output ACCGR1 a receipt signal to the set connection or terminal S of the second JKflip-flop 17 and signals to the microprocessor CPU its desire to assume control over the address bus AB and the data bus DB. After a given latency time such control is granted, whereupon the DMA-component DMA places an address from its address register onto the address bus AB. Consequently, the peripheral units or peripherals 1 to 7 and the write-read memory Flag-RAM of the comparator unit or comparator 11 feel that they have been addressed. By means of the demultiplexer 7.2 a first part of the address not identifies an octal flip-flop 6 which is associated with a predetermined row conductor, in that the outputs of the octal flip-flop 6 are activated via the corresponding release or enabling terminal or connection OE By means of the address inputs of the multiplexer 7 a second part of the address identifies an individual storage cell of the octal flip-flop 6, and which storage cell is associated with a predetermined column conductor. As a consequence, the initial state of the identified storage cell, which initial state appears at the output Z of the multiplexer 7 and corresponds to a predetermined control command transmitter 3, is transferred via the data input conductor or line CRUIN to the one input 12a of the Exclusive-OR gate 12 of the comparator unit or comparator 11. By means of its output D out  the read-write storage Flag-RAM simultaneously delivers the content of the storage location, which has been addressed by means of the first and second part of the address, to the other input 12b of the Exclusive-OR gate 12. 
     Let it be assumed that the stored 1-bit word has the logic state or value &#34;0&#34;, which corresponds to a switching state &#34;OFF&#34;, whereas the scanned peripheral bit has the logic state or value &#34;1&#34; which corresponds to a switching state &#34;ON&#34; of the related control command transmitter 3. The output of the Exclusive-OR gate 12 is set high and with the clock signal change the output Q of the first JKflip-flop 14 is set low. At the input CINT0 of the parallel interface component IF this signal change is interpreted as an interrupt requirement or demand. With the presence of the interrupt requirement or demand signal there cannot be generated a further DMA requirement signal, since the input 15a of the second NAND-gate 15, which input is connected to the output Q of the first JKflip-flop 14, equally has a low potential. 
     After accepting the interrupt requirement or demand the microprocessor CPU reads the address of the DMA address register, at which address there was detected an inequality or deviation. The microprocessor CPU equally reads the scanned peripheral bit on the data input line CRUIN and writes it via the data line DO into the read-write memory Flag-RAM of the comparator 11. Upon completion of the interrupt program the microprocessor CPU sets the output CIEN of the parallel interface component IF to low potential. Thus, the release or enabling signal disappears and by means of the set connection or terminal S of the first JKflip-flop 14 the output Q thereof is set high and, consequently, the interrupt requirement signal is extinguished. 
     If, at that moment, the microcomputer system 8 does not have to perform any other tasks, it can once again transmit the release or enabling signal, so that there transpire the same operations as described above. If there is not detected any inequality or deviation during the comparison operation, then there equally is not generated an interrupt requirement or demand. In this case, there are continuously formed DMA requirements while the release or enabling signal is maintained. This is accomplished in that upon acknowledgement or receipting of the DMA requirement the output Q of the second JKflip-flop 17, during the clock signal change, again is set to low potential by means of the output ACCGR1 of the DMA-component DMA. When arriving at the end address of the DMA address register there is generated a DMA interrupt requirement or demand, so that the micrprocessor CPU is caused to newly load the register of the DMA-component. 
     While there are shown and described present preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto, but may be otherwise variously embodied and practiced within the scope of the following claims. ACCORDINGLY,