Abstract:
A homogenizer valve includes two or more pressurized, movable valve cones, two or more valve seats and a valve housing which surrounds the valve cones and the valve seats. The valve cones and the valve seats are disposed so that throttles occur between them, which constitute homogenization gaps, which have a gap height h. The homogenization gaps are disposed at an angle in relation to the horizontal plane. The homogenizer valve is intended to be used in existing homogenizers and has been particularly produced to be able to obtain an efficient homogenization for liquids which are processed at a lower pressure and with a greater flow, such as, for example, pasteurized milk.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/864,470 filed on Sep. 8, 2010, which is a U.S. national stage application based on International Application No. PCT/SE2008/000688 filed on Dec. 9, 2008 and which claims priority to Swedish Application No. 0800208-1 filed on Jan. 29, 2008, the entire content of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a homogenizer valve comprising a pressurised, movable valve cone, a valve seat and a valve housing surrounding the valve cone and the valve seat, said valve cone and said valve seat being so disposed that there occurs a throttle between them, the throttle constituting a homogenization gap. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0003]    Homogenization is an industrial process which has been used for a considerable length of time, and its purpose is, in a fat emulsion such as, for example, milk, to split the largest fat globules into smaller fat globules and by such means stabilize the fat emulsion. For, for example milk, this implies that cream setting is prevented, and the vast majority of all consumer milk today is homogenized. 
         [0004]    Homogenization normally takes place by mechanical processing, so that the fat emulsion which has a high input pressure is forced at high speed to pass through a very narrow gap, where the fat globules of the fat emulsion are broken up as a result of the turbulence which occurs at great speeds and through cavitation bubbles which implode in the liquid. The process takes place during an extremely short period of time and what happens during this period of time is that the speed of the fat emulsion on passage increases while the pressure decreases, with the result that the liquid begins to boil. 
         [0005]    A homogenizer consists essentially of a large piston pump which delivers a high pressure, as well as a counter-pressure device where the homogenization proper takes place. The counter-pressure device, or homogenizer valve, in turn consists of a pressurized, resilient valve cone, a valve seat as well as a wear ring or gasket and a valve housing surrounding the valve cone and valve seat. The valve cone and valve seat are normally rotation-symmetrical and are disposed such that there occurs between these two parts a radial throttle, which constitutes a homogenization gap. The height, width and length of the gap determine that volume at which the homogenization takes place. This volume must be sufficiently small to obtain an efficient homogenization. The gap height is reduced at a higher pressure on the liquid which is to be homogenized, at the same time as a larger flow entails that the gap height is increased. 
         [0006]    Above all in the homogenization of pasteurized milk, compared with UHT treated milk (Ultra High Temperature), use is made of a lower pressure at the same time as the intention is to increase the flow quantity. This implies that the homogenizer valve would need to be made larger, so that the gap height is reduced, in order to obtain a good level of homogenization at this lower pressure and increased flow. However, it has proved that an up-scaling of existing, well functioning homogenizer valves not always functions satisfactorily in practice. The larger the pressurized surface, the greater the forces will be that arise and the larger the homogenizer valve. Simultaneously, the costs for such a homogenizer valve increase by several factors. 
         [0007]    Another method of solving problem is to connect in parallel a number of homogenizer gaps, as shown in European Patent Specification EP 034 675. By such means, there will be obtained an extension of the gap length and thereby a reduction of the gap height. This type of homogenizer valve with homogenization gaps connected in parallel has, however, an as good as fixed gap height. It permits only one flow and one homogenization pressure without retro-structuring. It also suffers from the drawback of wear in an uneven and uncontrollable manner, which harmfully affects the homogenization result. 
         [0008]    Swedish Patent Specification SE 509 103 discloses yet a further solution to how the gap length can be extended by up to three times. This takes place by designing the valve seat and the valve cone so that a plurality of concentric homogenization gaps occurs. This homogenizer valve may be regulated for different flows. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0009]    The disclosed homogenizer valve offers great possibilities to be regulated in gap length at the same time as a lower gap height is obtained. The homogenization gap has a slight gap height at high capacity and a low homogenization pressure. 
         [0010]    A further object of the present invention is that the gap height may be regulated when pressure and flow vary. 
         [0011]    Yet a further object of the present invention is that the homogenizer valve is more economical to manufacture and that it displays improved properties as regards wear than prior art valve solutions. 
         [0012]    Still a further object of the present invention is that the homogenization pressure may readily be adjusted, even after a certain wear. 
         [0013]    Still a further object of the present invention is that the homogenizer valve permits an efficient cleaning and otherwise satisfies the extremely stringent requirements of food handling. 
         [0014]    The homogenizer valve of the type described by way of introduction includes two or more valve cones are superposed on one another, and two or more valve seats are superposed on one another, so that two or more homogenization gaps occur. 
         [0015]    Preferred embodiments of the present invention have further been given the characterising features as set forth in the appended subclaims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS 
         [0016]    One preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described in greater detail hereinbelow, with reference to the accompanying Drawings. In the accompanying Drawings: 
           [0017]      FIG. 1  shows, partly in section, a side elevation of the apparatus according to the invention; 
           [0018]      FIG. 1A  shows, partly in section, a magnified part of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0019]      FIG. 1B  shows, partly in section, yet a further magnified part of  FIG. 1 ; and 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a part of the apparatus according to the invention. 
       
    
    
       [0021]    The Drawings show only those details essential to an understanding of the present invention, and the positioning of the homogenizer valve in the homogenizer, which is well-known to the skilled reader of this specification, has been omitted. 
       DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0022]    A homogenizer valve  1  according to the present invention, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , consists substantially of a valve housing  2  with an inlet  3  and an outlet  4  for the liquid which is to be homogenized, as well as a plurality of valve cones  5  and a plurality of valve seats  6 . The valve cones  5  and the valve seats  6  are disposed such that there occur throttles between them, homogenization gaps  7 . 
         [0023]    In the preferred embodiment, the valve seats  6  are rotational-symmetric and have a central through flow channel  8  for the liquid which is to be homogenized, constituting an extension of the inlet  3  of the homogenization valve  1 . The valve seats  6  are superposed on one another and they are secured to the valve housing  2 . 
         [0024]    The valve seats  6  further display a bevel  12 . The bevel  12  is turned to face towards the centre of the homogenizer valve  1 . The bevel  12  is turned to face away from the inlet  3  of the homogenization valve  1 . The bevel is between 20 and 45°, preferably 30° in relation to the horizontal plane. The valve seats  6  are preferably manufactured from surface treated, stainless steel, but other food approved materials may also occur. 
         [0025]    The valve cones  5 , which are also rotation-symmetrical, have a threaded surface  9  towards the centre of the homogenization valve  1 . In the centre of the homogenizer valve  1  there is disposed a threaded rod  10  whose threads interlock in the threaded surfaces  9  on the valve cones  5 . The meshed portions are sealed off, by means of hygienic seals  14  of O-ring type, from the product which passes through the central through-flow channel  8 . The threaded rod  10  has, adjacent the seals  14 , bleeder holes  15 . The bleeder holes  15  may, in addition to being employed as bleeder route, also be used for indicating leakage if damage were to occur to the seals  14 . In that the seals  14  are hygienic, there will be created a hygienic homogenizer valve  1  which satisfies the requirements of the food industry and which can be cleaned using conventional equipment. 
         [0026]    The valve cones  5  have a bevel  13  towards the centre of the homogenizer valve  1 . The bevel  13  is turned to face towards the inlet  3  of the homogenizer valve  1 . The bevel is between 20 and 45°, preferably 30° in relation to the horizontal plane. The valve cones  5  are preferably manufactured from surface treated, stainless steel, but other food approved materials may also occur. 
         [0027]    The valve cones  5 , threaded together with the threaded rod  10 , are pressurized, normally by means of an hydraulic or pneumatic piston  11 , but may, in simpler versions, be pressurized by a set screw or grub screw which acts via a spring. The valve cones  5  are also movable, for example by the intermediary of the oil in the cylinder, in order to be able to take up the rapid flow variations which occur in the liquid which is to be homogenized. This elasticity is necessary in order to meet the flow variations which naturally occur in piston pumps. 
         [0028]    The valve cones  5  and the threaded rod  10  are positioned in the valve housing  2  such that there occur, between the bevel  13  of the valve cones  5  and the bevel  12  of the valve seats  6 , homogenization gaps  7  of a height h. The height h of the homogenization gap  7  may be varied with a varied pressure and flow, in that the valve cones  5  are moved more proximal to or more distal from the valve seats  6 . In that the valve cones  5  are threaded on the threaded rod  10 , it is possible to obtain exactly the same height h of all homogenization gaps  7  in the homogenizer valve  1 . 
         [0029]    The bevel  13  on the valve cones  5  is of a greater extent than the bevel  12  on the valve seats  6 . The valve cones  5  are placed against the valve seats  6  so that there will be obtained projecting surfaces of the bevel  13  on both sides of the bevel  12 . The homogenization gap  7  should not be too short, since increased wear may then be the result. A short homogenization gap  7  may also cause vibrations and disruptive noise. As seen in the figures, each of the valve cones  5  has an outer dimension greater than the inner dimension of the associated valve seat  6 , thereby the valve cones  5  and the associated valve seats  6  radially overlap one another to define the homogenization gap  7 . 
         [0030]    In the valve housing  2  of the homogenizer valve  1  there are disposed a number of valve cones  5  and a number of valve seats  6 .  FIG. 1  shows six valve cones  5  and six valve seats  6 . As a result, there will be obtained six homogenization gaps  7  superposed on one another. A homogenizer valve  1  according to the present invention may contain both more and fewer valve cones  5  and valve seats  6 , depending upon the desired capacity and practical application. By manufacturing the valve housing  2  in parts, it is possible in a simple manner to assemble more or fewer valve cones  5  and valve seats  6 , respectively. 
         [0031]    The liquid, normally milk, which is to be homogenized is led into the homogenizer where it is pressurized to approx. 10-25 Mpa. The milk normally has a fat content of 0.5-3.5% and is at a temperature of 55-80° C. 
         [0032]    The liquid is led in through the inlet  3  and passes through the through-flow channel  8 . Thereafter, the liquid passes one of the different homogenization gaps  7 , where the homogenization takes place. The liquid is thereafter accumulated in the channels  16 . Since the liquid always strives to take the simplest route, there will be a relatively uniform distribution of liquid through the different homogenization gaps  7 . After the homogenization, the liquid passes out of the homogenizer valve  1 , through the outlet  4 . In that the homogenization gaps  7  are angled at 20-45°, preferably 30° in relation to the horizontal plane, there will be obtained a more uniform flow of the product, as well as reduced inlet losses on homogenization. 
         [0033]    The gap height h is normally 50-200 μm. In the passage, an extremely rapid pressure drop is obtained down towards 0 Mpa, at the same time as the flow rate of the liquid increases, which results in the liquid beginning to boil. When the liquid leaves the gap  7 , the flow rate is reduced and the pressure once again increases. The liquid ceases to boil and the steam bubbles in the liquid implode. The entire process takes place within a few fractions of a second and, in the violent process where the high flow rate gives rise to turbulence and cavitation, the fat globules which are in the liquid will be split into smaller particles. 
         [0034]    By obtaining a uniform distribution of the liquid between the different homogenization gaps  7 , there will be optimum utilisation of the increased gap length and a homogenizer with a homogenizer valve  1  according to the present invention can handle several times as great a flow as a conventional homogenizer valve. At the same time, the homogenizer valve is governable for variations in the product flow, in that the piston  11  may displace the valve cones  5  in relation to the valve seats  6  and thereby realise a different height h of the homogenization gap  7 . In that the valve cones  5  are threaded on the threaded rod  10 , all of the homogenization gaps  7  will have the same gap height h. All valve cones  5 , as well as the threaded rod  10 , are regulated as a unit, so that all of the homogenization gaps  7  always have the same gap height h. 
         [0035]    As will have been apparent from the foregoing description, the present invention realises a homogenizer valve which may be employed for retrofitting in existing homogenizers, but which can handle a several times larger flow than a corresponding, conventional homogenizer valve. At the same time, the homogenizer valve may be regulated for instantaneous variations in pressure and flow. In that the homogenizer valve can be regulated, it also displays superior properties in respect of wear than prior art homogenizer valves. As a result of the design of the homogenizer valve, it is also relatively economical to manufacture. 
         [0036]    The present invention may be modified further without departing from the scope of the appended Claims.