Abstract:
The invention relates to a device for preserving, sanitizing, ripening, and preventing or suppressing the growth of microbials within a package used for the transport and storage of various items, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and other perishables and parcels. The device includes an enclosed container and at least one sack operably disposed adjacent the container, wherein the sack encloses an agent and the agent releases gases in the container upon the presence of humidity within the container.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This continuation application claims the benefit of application Ser. No. 13/090,096, filed on Apr. 19, 2011, which claims the benefit of application No. 61/325,816, filed Apr. 19, 2010, and priority is claimed to both of these applications, which are both incorporated herein by reference in their respective entireties. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates generally to the preservation, sanitization, funigation and ripening of food and floral products sand other items, such as mail, that are subject to various exposures and environments and potentially hazardous conditions while being stored, treated, shipped and distributed. 
         [0004]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0005]    Consumers desire the freshest fruits, vegetables, meats, seafood and floral products to be available for purchase and expect them to be available year round. Food and floral growers, packers, processors and distributors have tried to satisfy this desire by shipping fruits, vegetables, meats, seafood and floral products from around the world. However, all fruits, vegetables, meats, seafood and floral products require time for logistics and distribution and require considerable time when being shipped across countries, continents and oceans and a combination thereof; for example, products shipped from the America to Europe can require more than 28 days to reach a final destination, end user or consumer. This travel time uses up valuable shelf life for the items being transported, such as but not limited to, fruits, vegetables, meats, seafood and floral products. To assure and maintain the integrity, grade, quality and sellability, most fruit and vegetable growers, packers and distributers must harvest these products immature or prior to be being fully ripe, to allow for the time requirements for shipping and logistics. Or, they must transport these items using a faster and more costly means. 
         [0006]    The delay of aging or senescence, the natural form of deterioration, of fresh fruits, vegetables and floral products is the main goal in the preservation of these fresh fruits, vegetables and floral products, as senescence accounts for the majority of post-harvest losses. Senescence is endogenously controlled and is the stage when extensive catabolic reactions occur, resulting in dissolution of plant membranes. It is marked by chlorophyll loss, decreases in RNA and protein content, and tissue softening. Plants, for example, senesce to re-route materials into seeds representing the next generation; it is therefore a pre-destined apoptosis process that can only be delayed, not completely inhibited. The aging of fresh fruit and produce is increased with an increase in respiration. The rate of respiration of a fruit, vegetable or floral is inversely proportional to the shelf life of the product. A higher rate of respiration decreases the shelf life. A byproduct in the respiration of fresh fruits, vegetables and floral is an increase in ethylene production, a process referred to as climacteric. It is therefore reasonable to assume that maintaining and reducing ethylene perception and production may effectively delay senescence. 
         [0007]    In an attempt to provide fruits, vegetables and floral products with the longest shelf life, growers have resorted to harvesting their fruits, vegetables and floral long before ripening. Early stage harvesting of fruits and vegetables, at low stages of maturity, prevents the development of natural sugars, nutrients and textures. Conventional devices, such as refrigeration and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), have been made to extend the shelf life of fruits, vegetables, floral and other perishable products. Examples of such conventional device related to Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,880,748 and 7,597,240, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their respective entireties. The aim of conventional MAP devices is the extension of product shelf life, since fruits and vegetables are still alive and respiring when harvested and packed. Other factors, such as wounding, also affect the post-harvest shelf life extension of fresh fruits, vegetables and floral products and the success of modified atmosphere packaging. 
         [0008]    Wounding of fresh fruit and produce also increases the respiration, thus decreasing the life span. Respiration can be measured by the oxygen uptake or by production of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Respiration also produces heat and water vapor, both of which can reduce the shelf life of fresh produce and fruits. Since an aim of conventional MAP packaging systems is to increase the life span of fresh fruits, vegetables and floral, it is therefore an aim to reduce the respiration of the same, which can be achieved by decreasing the levels of oxygen (O 2 ) within the MAP container. However, low O 2  levels, one to two percent by volume, create ideal conditions for pathogens (or germs), such as  clostidium botulinum . The increase of heat, production of water and low O 2  are problems often found with conventional MAP devices. 
         [0009]    As mentioned above, ethylene, a plant hormone, plays a large role in shelf life of fresh fruits and produce and causes a marked increase in respiration rates and enhances ripening and senescence. In some commodities, accelerated aging and the initiation of ripening can occur following exposure to ethylene concentrations as low as 0.1 ml/l. As senescence begins, spoilage due to indigenous bacteria can be augmented. Ethylene is also a byproduct of the aerobic combustion of hydrocarbons, and it is therefore important during the handling of produce to maintain low levels of environmental ethylene, which are often increased by forklifts and other machinery. Different biological structures of assorted produce varieties contribute to the product&#39;s sensitivity response to ethylene, as well as the response to O 2  and CO 2 . Furthermore, different stages of maturity, cultivar and post-harvest storage conditions also influence sensitivity to ethylene. Conventional packaging and some MAP systems fail to include control measures to minimize production of ethylene following harvest. The present invention includes such measures as storage in a modified atmosphere at optimal and or reduced temperatures (below traditional recommended injury threshold) and oxidizing the ethylene by various chemical and physical means. Ethylene Absorbing Packets (EAP) may be employed to extend the shelf life of fruits, vegetables and flowers in a packaged or bulk environment. Ethylene absorbing packets are constructed with natural occurring zeolites. EAPs remove unwanted ethylene gas through the oxidation process, thereby ensuring the quality of freshness of the product, while in transit or in storage. 
         [0010]    While conventional MAP devices do provide some means to control the atmosphere of packaging, conventional MAP devices fail to control the suppression or release of gases known to enhance or suppress the ripening of fresh fruits and produce, such as CO 2 O 2  Ethylene and Nitrogen. 
         [0011]    Further, conventional MAP devices fail to provide a delivery system to regulate or activate ingredients in order to reduce oxygen levels. Oxygen supports the growth of microorganisms, causes product color changes, and causes rancid odors in packaged foods. 
         [0012]    The conventional MAP packaging systems also fail to provide for the sanitization of the products during shipping and ripening of the products. Another hazard in the shipment of fresh fruits and produce is the control of micro-organisms and the presence of live insects. Conventional MAP devices fail to provide a method to enable an insecticide to be dispensed within the MAP to control micro-organisms and insects. Such a failure limits the shipment of some fresh fruits and vegetables to many countries. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0013]    It is an object of the present invention to overcome the drawbacks and shortcomings of conventional Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) devices in the distribution of perishable fresh food products. This present invention provides a device and method to extend the shelf life and life span of perishable fresh food and floral products. 
         [0014]    The present invention additionally provides the capability to delay the ripening of perishable fresh food products. 
         [0015]    Further, the present invention provides for the sanitization of perishable fresh food products within a modified atmosphere 
         [0016]    Still further, the present invention, provides at a selected opportunity, for the ripening of perishable fresh food products. 
         [0017]    Additionally, the present invention controls the addition and the reduction of gases required for the preservation of perishable fresh food products, such as, but not limited to CO 2 , O 2  Ethylene and Nitrogen. 
         [0018]    This invention overcomes the drawbacks and shortcomings of the prior art conventional devices and systems. 
         [0019]    The present invention provides a packaging system that comprises an enclosed container; and at least one agent releasable sack operably configured to release an agent within the container. 
         [0020]    Further, the present invention is a food packaging device, which comprises a modified atmosphere package, having a lid with a recess; and, at least one agent releasable sack disposed within the recess and operably configured to release an agent within the modified atmosphere package. 
         [0021]    Additionally, in another exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a container that is operably configured to contain at least one of fresh fruits and produce, and comprises at least one agent releasable sack operably configured to release an agent within the container; and, a valve operably configured to release a gas from within the container. 
         [0022]    Still further, in an alternative embodiment of the present invention a releasing device for releasing an agent within a container is disclosed. This embodiment comprises a first chamber having a plurality of orifices, wherein the agent is disposed within the first chamber; a second chamber having a plurality of orifices, wherein the first chamber is disposed within the second chamber; and, wherein the second chamber is disposed within the container. 
         [0023]    The present invention further includes a method of packaging comprising the steps of: obtaining a container operably configured to enclosably hold products; placing the products within the container; obtaining at least one agent releasable sachet operably configured to release an agent within the container; and attaching the at least one agent releasable sachet so that the agent is release into the container. 
         [0024]    These and other features and advantages of this invention are described in, or are apparent from, the following detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the devices and methods according to this invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0025]    Various exemplary embodiments of this invention will be described in detail, with reference to the following figures, wherein; 
           [0026]      FIG. 1  is an exploded perspective view of a packaging system made in accordance with this invention; 
           [0027]      FIG. 2  is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a lid shown in the packaging system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0028]      FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view of another alternative embodiment of a lid shown in the packaging system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0029]      FIG. 4  is an exploded detailed view of a patch of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0030]      FIG. 5  is a transparent view of an alternative embodiment of the packing system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0031]      FIG. 6  is a detailed view of a chamber with a chamber as shown in  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0032]      FIG. 7  is a cross-section view of the chamber with a chamber shown in  FIG. 6 , taken along line  7 - 7 ; 
           [0033]      FIG. 8  is a perspective view of yet another alternative embodiment of the packing system shown in  FIG. 1 , 
           [0034]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of still another alternative embodiment of the packaging system shown in  FIG. 1 , 
           [0035]      FIG. 10  is a cross-section view of a valve on  FIG. 9  taken along line  10 - 10 ; 
           [0036]      FIG. 11  is a close-up detailed view of the valve on  FIG. 9 ; 
           [0037]      FIG. 12A  is a close-up detailed view of an alternative valve of the valve on  FIG. 9 ; 
           [0038]      FIG. 12B  is a second close-up detailed view of the alternative valve of  FIG. 12A ; 
           [0039]      FIG. 13  is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of the packaging system of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0040]      FIG. 14A  is cross-sectional view of a pouch of the device shown in  FIG. 13  taken along line  14 - 14 ; 
           [0041]      FIG. 14B  is a bottom view of the pouch shown in  FIG. 14A ; and, 
           [0042]      FIG. 15  is a perspective view of another alternative embodiment of the packaging system of  FIG. 1 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0043]    It will be readily appreciated that the many embodiments of the present invention can be utilized in a wide variety of applications and industries. The present invention can be utilized with the transportation, treatment, and storage of a plethora of items. Items such as but not limited to produce, cheeses, flowers, poultry and other meats and seafoods, nuts, dehydrated foods, mail, parcels, medical tools and equipment, etc. The items can be treated while being transported and or stored. Such treatments are carried out through the use of the various treatment sacks or sachets of the present invention as described below. The sacks, depending upon the application may be utilized to sanitize, eliminate and/or inhibit molds and/or pathogens, delay ripening and aging or senesce, and the like. 
         [0044]    Conventional Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) devices modify the atmosphere of fresh fruits and products by controlling the amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) within the packaging by the use of a permeable membrane. One such device is a rigid container as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,880,748 and 7,597,240. Other designs of MAPs include non-rigid or soft containers, such as bags. The present invention expands on the MAP devices by including at least one agent releasable device. The at least one agent releasable device or agent releasable sack, which at the choice of a user, has the capability to release at least one agent into the MAP and thus further modify the atmosphere of the MAP to gain the desired effect of the user. Examples of some agents available for release into the MAP are, but are not limited to, an insecticide, anti-microbial agent, ethylene gas, nitrogen gas or a combination. Additionally, the releasing device may also be configured to control a release of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) for sanitation of the contents of packaging. Additionally, the present invention provides a method for releasing agents into a modified atmospheric package. 
         [0045]      FIG. 1  is an exploded perspective view of an exemplary embodiment for the packaging system  10 , made in accordance with the present invention. The packaging system  10  includes a container  20 , and at least one agent releasable sack  40 . 
         [0046]    The device  10 , as shown in  FIG. 1 , is shown using a container  20  which is an example of a modified atmosphere package such as the containers described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,880,748, which includes a lid  22  for the container  20 . It should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, other rigid type modified atmosphere packaging and non-modified atmosphere packing may be used. The present invention includes the lid  22 , with a recessed area  24 . The recessed area  24  includes a plurality of orifices  26 . In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 1 , the at least one agent releasable sack  40  is disposed within the recessed area  24 . 
         [0047]    While the present embodiment depicts one recessed area  24  and at least one agent releasable sack  40 , it should be appreciated that in other various exemplary-embodiments, two or more recessed areas may be included, wherein each recessed area contains at least one agent releasable sack, as shown in  FIG. 2 . Further, it should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, the recessed area may be of sufficient size to contain a second agent releasable sack, as shown in  FIG. 3 . The sacks  40  in this exemplary embodiment include different agents from each other and in other various exemplary embodiments the sacks include the same agents. 
         [0048]    The device  10 , as shown in  FIG. 1 , further includes a patch  60 . The patch  60  in the present embodiment is an adhesive patch operably configured to cover the recessed area  24  and retain the at least one agent releasable sack  40  in the recessed area  24 . The patch  60  is operably configured to hold the sack  40  in place adjacent to the container  20 . The patch  60  may also include a label (not shown) to indicate what type of agent is in the at least one agent releasable sack  40 . Additionally, it should be considered that in other various exemplary embodiments, the patch may include a selectable porosity, permeability and or be temperature activated to selectively control gas exchanges, as is common in the art, as will be discussed below. The sacks or sachets of the present invention are preferably moisture activated. Particularly the sachets or sacks of the present invention will utilize humidity within the container to trigger the reaction of the agent or treatment in the sack. The humidity in the container will be made present from the storage of items in the container, such as produce and the like. 
         [0049]    The at least one agent releasable sack or sachet  40  in the present embodiment his a dry chemical sachet, commonly known in the art of dry chemical sachets. One example of a dry chemical sachet that may be employed in the present embodiment is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) or foreign lands approved insecticide such as, but not limited to, sulfur dioxide. However, it should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, the sachet  40  may contain an anti-microbial such as but not limited to chlorine dioxide. Still further, the sachet  40  may contain releasable gases such as but not limited to ethylene, carbon dioxide or nitrogen. 
         [0050]    An example of the at least one agent releasable sack  40  is described in a report tilted EFFICACY OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE GAS SACHETS FOR ENHANCING THE MIRCROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND SAFETY OF BLUEBERRIES by Popa, I; Hanson, E J; Todd, E C; Schilder, A C; and Ryser, E T of the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich. 48824, Sep. 7, 2009. “In response to increasingly stringent microbial specifications being imposed by purchasers of frozen blueberries, chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas generated by a dry chemical sachet was assessed for inactivation of  Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella  spp., and  Escherichia coli  O157:H7 as well as five yeasts and molds known for blueberry spoilage. Fresh blueberry samples (100 g) were separately inoculated with cocktails of  L. monocytogenes, Salmonella, E. coli  O157:H7 (three strains each), or yeasts and molds (five strains each) to contain approximately 10(6) CFU/g and exposed to ClO2 (4 mg/liter, 0.16 mg/g) for 12 h a sealed 20-liter container (99.9% relative humidity) at approximately 22 degrees C. After gassing, 25 g of blueberries was added to 225 ml of neutralizing buffer, pulsified for 1 min, and plated using standard procedures to quantify survivors. This treatment yielded reductions of 3.94, 3.62, 4.25, 3.10, and 3.17 log CFU/g for  L. monocytogenes, Salmonella, E. coli  O157:H7, yeasts, and molds, respectively. Thereafter, 30 lugs of uninoculated blueberries (approximately 9.1 kg per lug) were stacked on 1.2 by 1.2-m pallets (5 lugs per level×six levels), tarped, and exposed to ClO2 (18 mg/liter, 0.13 mg/g) for 12 h. After gassing, significant (P&lt;0.05) reductions of 2.33, 1.47, 0:52, 1.63, and 0.48 log CFU/g were seen for mesophilic aerobic bacteria, coliforms,  E. coli , yeasts, and molds, respectively, compared with non-gassed controls. No significant differences (P&gt;0.05) in microbial inactivation were seen between lug levels and, with one exception (mesophilic aerobic bacteria), between the bottom and top surface of individual lugs. Based on these findings, ClO2 sachets may provide a simple, economical, and effective means of enhancing the microbial shelf life and safety of blueberries:” 
         [0051]    Similarly, in an article by S. Y. Lee, M. Costello and D. H. Kang of the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash., 99164 dated Sep. 2007 states the following: “Aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite or hypochlorous acid are typically used to sanitize fresh fruits and vegetables. However, pathogenic organisms occasionally survive aqueous sanitization in sufficient numbers to cause disease outbreaks. Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) gas generated by a dry chemical sachet was tested against foodborne pathogens on lettuce leaves. Lettuce leaves were inoculated with cocktail of three strains each of  Escherichia coli  O157:H7 , Listeria monocytogenes , and  Salmonella  Typhimurium and treated with ClO 2  gas for 30 min, 1 h, and 3 h in a model gas cabinet at room temperature (22±2° C.). After treatment, surviving cells, including injured cells, were enumerated on appropriate selective agar or using the overlay agar method, respectively. Total ClO 2 -generated by the gas packs was 4.3, 6.7, and 8.7 mg after 30 min, 1 h, and 3 h of treatment, respectively. Inoculated lettuce leaves exposed to ClO 2  gas for 30 min experienced a 3.4-log reduction in  E. coli , a 4.3-log reduction in  Salmonella  Typhimurium, and a 5.0-log reduction in  L. monocytogenes  when compared with the control. After 1 hour, the three pathogens were reduced in number of CFU by 4.4, 5:3, and 5.2 log, respectively. After 3 h, the reductions were 6.9, 5.4, and 5.4 log, respectively. A similar pattern emerged when injured cells were enumerated. The ClO 2  gas sachet was effective at killing pathogens on lettuce without deteriorating visual quality. Therefore, this product can be used during storage and transport of lettuce to improve its microbial safety.” This type of agent is utilized in the sack in another exemplary embodiment made in accordance with the present invention. 
         [0052]    Another example of a dry chemical sachet that may be employed in the at least one agent releasable sack or sachet is an oxygen absorber type packet. An oxygen absorber packet can be used to prolong the shelf life of food and retard the growth of oxygen using aerobic micro-organisms such as fungi. The presence of oxygen in the packaging of fresh fruits and produce supports the growth of micro-organisms and cause changes in color of the product. The presence of oxygen in the packaging also can cause rancid odors. Oxygen absorbers absorb oxygen and effectively reduce the aerobic environment and can be used to achieve a 0% oxygen level within the packaging. Therefore, aerobic bacteria and fungi are less likely to grow in an oxygen depleted environment. An advantage of oxygen sachets versus vacuum packaging is that the food products are not crushed or squeezed, as some products are of high value or can be damage easily from the packaging. Another advantage is simplicity of use. Oxygen-absorbers are made in different formulations to match the water activity of different foods. Oxygen absorbers can be activated by the presence of humidity. An example of an oxygen absorber common in the art is a sachet of iron carbonate. 
         [0053]    Still another example of a dry chemical sachet that may be employed in the at least one agent releasable sack or sachet is a carbon dioxide generating type packet. One type of carbon dioxide generating sachet can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,797,235, by Boldt. 
         [0054]    Further, it is anticipated by the present invention that products other than fresh fruits and vegetables will benefit from this invention. For instance, certain flowers or meat products that do not require a modified atmosphere package may be banned from being shipped into certain countries because of micro-organisms that may infest the flowers. The packaging system  10  of the present invention may be use to disperse an insecticide on such products, even though a MAP is not required, thus allowing a supplier access to more locations for his products. 
         [0055]    In the present embodiment, the at least one agent releasable sack  40  is constructed using various paper and polymer combinations, which are filled with microspheres embedded with chemicals, anti-oxidants, herbs, spices and plant based materials. An example of an at least one agent releasable sack  40  can be found in U.S. Patent Application number 2008/0131395, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
         [0056]    The at least one agent releasable sack  40 , in various other exemplary embodiments includes a temperature controlled release valve. Particularly, one exemplary embodiment would include that sack lining being comprised of a material that acts as a valve at particular temperatures. As fresh fruits and produce are shipped, they are also refrigerated. As the produce nears the intended destination, the temperature of the environment of the device  10  may be warmed. At a preset temperature, the temperature release valve opens and a gas chosen by the user is released into the package  20 . For example, an erogenous ethylene gas may be introduced through the release valve into the MAP environment. The introduction of ethylene gas will wake up the product and accelerate the ripening process. The ripening process of fresh fruits, bananas, avocados, kiwi, peppers, melons, pears, stone fruits, tomatoes, etc, which are stored or contained in MAP environments, is generally suppressed by the presence of CO 2 , which further inhibits ripening. In order to ripen, CO 2  must be exhaled from the package  20  and oxygen allowed to enter the MAP environment. The release of CO 2  and the ingestion of oxygen allows ethylene gas generated by the fruits or ethylene gas introduced to reach a proper level and become effective in ripening the fruits. An example of a CO 2  releasing sack can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,189,666, Finnegan, et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
         [0057]    Further, a hormone can be released from the sachet to assist with delaying ripening and senesce. An example of one such hormone is SmarFresh marketed by AgroFresh Inc. This hormone is a synthetic produce quality enhancer based on 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). The 1-MCP&#39;s mode of action is via a preferential attachment to the ethylene receptor, thereby blocking the effects of both endogenous and exogenous ethylene. Another example is the use of a combination of 5-10% O 2  and 0-5% CO2 gas released by the sachets can be useful for delaying senescence and for firmness retention in produce, such as oranges. U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,849 and EP1237411 disclose incorporation of these gaseous cyclopropenes into a molecular encapsulation agent complex in order to stabilize their reactivity and thereby provide a convenient and safe means of storing, transporting, and applying or delivering the active compounds to plants, avoiding the problems presented by the unstable gases. For the most effective cyclopropene derivative disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,518,988,1-methylcyclopropene (“1-MCP”), the preferred molecular encapsulation agent is a cyclodextrin, with alpha-cyclodextrin being the most preferred. The encapsulation of 1-MCP improves the stability of the product during transportation and storage by allowing the 1-MCP to be delivered in a powdered form and later activated by contacting the complex with gaseous or liquid water to release the 1-MCP gas. Thus, the application or delivery of these active compounds to plants is accomplished by simply adding water or humidity from within the container to the molecular encapsulation agent complex that is disposed within the sack or sachet of the present invention. All of the above patents referenced in this paragraph are incorporated herein in their entireties by reference. 
         [0058]    As mentioned above, the patch  60  is an adhesive patch operably configured to hold the sack  40  in place to the container  20 . The patch  60  is also preferably configured to cover the recessed area  24 . Additionally, in other exemplary embodiments, the patch  60  includes a selectable porosity, permeability and or be temperature activated to selectively control gas exchanges, as is common in the art. The patch  60  is a patch that contains thermally responsive polymers. The thermally responsive polymers are intelligent in that the polymers have permeabilities that reversibly change with small incremental changes in temperature. An example of such a patch may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,254,354 by Ray F. Stewart, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
         [0059]    Another embodiment of the patch  60  may be seen in  FIG. 4 . In  FIG. 4 , patch  60 A is shown have a first layer  61 , a second layer  62  and a tab  63 . The first layer is a permeable membrane of selective permeablility, wherein the passage or escape of gases are allowed to exit the container  20 . For example the first layer  61  would allow the passage of CO 2  but prevent the escape of chlorine dioxide (CLO 2 ). 
         [0060]    The second layer  62  is a non-permeable material. The second layer  62  includes an adhesive common in the art to allow the second layer to be attached to the first layer  61 , but easily remove by the use of the tab  63  by the user. 
         [0061]    It should be appreciated that the various embodiments of the patch  60  may be used on any of the embodiments of the present invention described herein. 
         [0062]    The primary exemplary embodiment of the present invention is the rigid container shown in the Machado &#39;748 patent. However, alternative embodiments of modified atmosphere packaging are also employed in the present invention.  FIG. 5  is an example of one such embodiment, showing device  110 . In  FIG. 5 , a non-rigid or bag type MAP  120  is used. In this embodiment the bag  120  includes a first chamber  126  disposed within a second chamber  124  and an at least one agent releasable sachet  140 . 
         [0063]    The second chamber  124  includes a plurality of orifices  125 , as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 . The first chamber  126  also includes a plurality of orifices  127 , as shown in  FIG. 7 . The at least one agent releasable sachet  140  is disposed within the first chamber  126 . The second chamber  124  keeps the at least one agent releasable sachet  140  from coming in direct contact with the perishable items within the modified atmosphere packaging bag  120 . While the embodiment of  FIG. 5  is a non-rigid container  120 , it should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, the chamber within a chamber may be inserted into rigid containers, such as, but not limited to, sealed and non-sealed recyclable plastic containers, corrugated cartons and the like. 
         [0064]    As with the device shown in  FIG. 1 , the at least one agent releasable sachet  140  of the device  110 , is a dry chemical sachet, commonly known in the art of dry chemical sachets. The sachet  140  may contain a FDA GRAS or foreign lands approved insecticide such as, but not limited to, sulfur dioxide. However, it should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, the sachet  140  may contain an anti-microbial such as but not limited to chlorine dioxide. Still further, the sachet  140  may contain releasable gases such as but not limited to ethylene or nitrogen. 
         [0065]    Further,  FIGS. 5 through 7  show a single at least one agent releasable sachet  140  within the non-rigid bag  120 . It should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, multiple chambers within a chamber may be disposed within the non-rigid bag. 
         [0066]    It should be further appreciated that the non-rigid container or bag could in some embodiments be inserted into other containers, such as corrugate plastic or cardboard containers or even recyclable plastic containers, even with other non-rigid bags. Still further it should be appreciated that the non-rigid container or bag, may be permeable or even nonpermeable. If the bag is non-permeable, it would be preferred to incorporate a breathable membrane patch. 
         [0067]    Now referring to  FIG. 8 , a device  210 , is another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Device  210  includes a container  220  having a lid  222  and at least one agent releasable sachet  240 . 
         [0068]    The container  220  in  FIG. 8  is a standard corrugated carton. The lid  222  is additionally a standard corrugated carton lid, which may be a separable lid or an integral lid. 
         [0069]    The at least one agent releasable sachet  240  includes the features of the at least one agent releasable sack  40  described above for device  10 . The device  210  includes a vessel  226 . The at least one agent releasable sack  240  is disposed within the vessel  226 . The vessel  226  includes a porous portion  227  and an adhesive portion  228 . The vessel  226  may be attached to the container  220  on the inside or on a portion of the lid  222  such that the at least one releasable sack  240  is exposed to the inside of the container  220 . 
         [0070]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment for the packaging system  310 , made in accordance with the present invention. The device  310  is similar to the device  10  and includes the features of device  10 . The packaging system  310  includes a container  320  and at least one agent releasable sack  340 . 
         [0071]    The container  320  shown is an example of a modified atmosphere package such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,880,748, which includes a lid  322  for the contain  320 . It should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, other rigid type MAP devices may be used. The present embodiment includes a recessed area  324 , disposed on the lid  322 . The recessed area  324  includes a plurality of orifices. In this exemplary embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 7 , the at least one agent releasable sack  340  is disposed within the recessed area  324 . 
         [0072]    While the present embodiment depicts one recessed area  324  and one at least one agent releasable sack  340 , it should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, two recessed areas may be included, wherein each recessed area contains an at least one agent releasable sack. Further, it should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, the recessed area may be of sufficient size to contain a second agent releasable sack. 
         [0073]    The device  310 , as shown in  FIG. 9 , further includes a patch  360 . The patch  360  in the present embodiment is an adhesive patch operably configured to cover the recessed area  324  and retain the at least one agent releasable sack  340  in the recessed area  324 . The patch  360  may also include a label (not shown) to indicate what type of agent is in the at least one agent releasable sack  340 . 
         [0074]    The at least one agent releasable sack or sachet  340  in the present embodiment is a dry chemical sachet, commonly known in the art of dry chemical sachets. In the present embodiment, the sachet  340  contains a FDA GRAS or foreign lands approved insecticide such as, but not limited to, sulfur dioxide. However, it should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, the sachet  340  may contain other agents such as an anti-microbial such as but not limited to chlorine dioxide. Still further, the sachet  340  may contain releasable gases such as but not limited to ethylene or nitrogen. 
         [0075]    The device  310  further includes a valve  350 . The valve  350  in the present embodiment is disposed on a side of the container  320 . It should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, the valve could be disposed in other locations, such as, but not limited to, the lid. 
         [0076]    The valve  350  is a mechanical valve, common in the art, operably configured to release gases trapped within the container  320  and allow production of naturally produced gases or gases introduced from storage in a gas ripening room. 
         [0077]    The valve  350  as shown in  FIGS. 10 and 11  includes clips  352 , a rotatable knob  354  and a permeable membrane  356 . The clips  352  retain the valve  350  on the container  320 . The rotatable knob  354  is manually actuated to one of two positions, a first position and a second position. In the present embodiment, the first position is labeled OPEN or RIPEN and the second position is labeled CLOSED or HOLD. In the first position the valve  350  permits gases from within the container to be exited out of the container  320  through the permeable membrane  356 . In the second position gases are prevented from leaving the container  320 . 
         [0078]    It should be appreciated that in various exemplary embodiments, the valve could be a temperature sensitive valve, as the temperature rises, the valve opens.  FIGS. 12A and 12B  show the employment of a temperature sensitive valve  350 A. For example, avocados are normally stored at 41 to 44.5 degrees Fahrenheit. To awaken the fruit and enhance the ripening process of avocados, the temperature is raised to 62:5 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit and ethylene is introduced into the container  320 . 
         [0079]    The device  310  is operably configured to release carbon dioxide gas from within the container  320  to initiate the ripening of the fresh fruit or produce within the container  320 . The environment outside the container  320  is warmed by the user and the user would move the valve  350  to the first or OPEN position. As the temperature warms, the sachet  340  continues to release an anti-microbial to prohibit the growth of micro-organisms within the container  320 . 
         [0080]    Further, if the environment outside the container  320  is cooled, the user would move the valve  350  to the second or CLOSED position, trapping carbon dioxide gas and slowing the ripening process. 
         [0081]    It is anticipated in this invention that in the case of a temperature sensitive valve, the status of the valve  350 A would be indicated by a first color or a second color, as indicated in  FIGS. 12A and 12B . The first color in the present embodiment is RED. The first color RED is the same as the first position in  FIG. 11  and indicates a ripening condition. The second color in the present embodiment is GREEN. The second color GREEN is the same as the second position in  FIG. 11  and indicates a hold condition. It should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, other colors may be used. 
         [0082]    While not shown, it is contemplated by the device  310 , that other various exemplary embodiments may have include a plurality of sachets disposed within the container, wherein at least one of the sachets contains an anti-microbial and at least another sachet contains a choice of the user to have the capability to release at least one agent into the container to gain the desired effect of the user. Examples of some available for release into the container are but not to, an insecticide, anti-microbial agent, carbon dioxide, ethylene gas, nitrogen gas or a combination. 
         [0083]    It should further be appreciated that any of the valves incorporated with the containers of the present invention may also be utilized in connection with and/or to facilitate vacuum cooling as is often conventionally done with items, such as but not limited to produce. The containers are place in a vacuum so that the atmospheric pressure around the container, and hence the items within the container, is reduced. This then reduces the water vapor pressure around the item and when the atmospheric temperature is lowered below the temperature inside the item, such as the produce, water will evaporate from the item. This in turn lowers the surface temperature of the product. 
         [0084]    Now referring to  FIG. 13 , a device  410 , is another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Device  410  includes a container  420  having a lid  422 , an insertable pouch  426  and an at least one agent releasable sachet  440  disposed within the insertable pouch  426 . 
         [0085]    The container  420  in  FIG. 13  is similar to the container  20  in  FIG. 1 . The lid  422  is likewise similar to the lid  22  in  FIG. 1 . The lid  422  is different from the lid  22  in that the lid  422  includes an orifice  424  instead of a recessed area. 
         [0086]    The at least one agent releasable sachet  440  includes the features of the at least one agent releasable sack  40  described above for device  10 . The insertable pouch  426  includes a permeable membrane  227  and an adhesive portion  229 , as shown in  FIG. 14A and 14B . The insertable pouch  426  is operably configured to be inserted into the orifice  424  on the lid  422  of the container  420 . The adhesive portion  429  secures the insertable pouch  426  to the lid  422 . 
         [0087]    Now referring to  FIG. 15 , device  510  is shown. The device  510  includes a pallet  520 , cover or bag  522  and an at least one gas releasable sachet  540 . The cover  522  is placed over a pallet  520  having perishable goods  515  piled on the pallet  520 . The device  510  further includes-a protective sheet  521  disposed on top of the perishable goods  515  and within the cover  522 . The at least one gas releasable sachet  540  is disposed on the protective sheet  521 . The protective sheet  521  keeps the at least one gas releasable sachet  540  from coming in contact with the perishable goods  515 . The bag  522  is sealed to the pallet  520  by means common in the art. 
         [0088]    The device  510  is similar to the device  10  and includes the features discussed above. As with the device shown in  FIG. 1 , the device  510  shown in  FIG. 15 , the at least one agent releasable sachet  540  is a dry chemical sachet, commonly known in the art of dry chemical sachets, a FDA GRAS or foreign lands approved insecticide such as, but not limited to, sulfur dioxide. However, it should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, the sachet  540  may contain an anti-microbial such as but not limited to chlorine dioxide. Still further, the sachet  440  may contain releasable gases such as but not limited to ethylene or nitrogen. 
         [0089]    Further,  FIG. 15  shows only a single at least one agent releasable sachet  540  within the cover  522 . It should be appreciated that in other various exemplary embodiments, multiple chambers may be disposed within the non-rigid bag. 
         [0090]    It should be appreciated that the present invention may also be used to treat, namely kill or inhibit, various molds, such as green mold ( penicillium digitatum ), blue mold ( penicillium italicum ), phomopsis stem-end rot ( phomopsis citri ), stem end rot ( lasiodiplodia theobromae ) and brown rot ( phytophthora citrophthora ). 
         [0091]    While this invention has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments outlined above, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the preferred embodiments of the invention, as set forth above, are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.