Abstract:
A glass composition including SiO 2  in an amount from 30.0 to 40.0% by weight, Al 2 O 3  in an amount from 15.0 to 23.0% by weight, B 2 O 3  in an amount from 0.0 to 15.0% by weight, K 2 O in an amount from 0.0 to 5.0% by weight, La 2 O 3  in an amount from 0.0 to 30.0% by weight, Li 2 O in an amount from 0.0 to 3.0% by weight, Na 2 O in an amount from 0.0 to 4.0% by weight, Nb 2 O 5  in an amount from 0.0 to 10.0% by weight, TiO 2  in an amount from 0.0 to 7.5% by weight, WO 3  in an amount from 0.0 to 10.0% by weight, Y 2 O 3  in an amount from 15.0 to 35.0% by weight, and RO (one or more of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO) in an amount from 0.0 to 7.5% by weight is provided. Glass fibers formed from the composition have a refractive index between 1.55 and 1.69.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of provisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 61/394,166 filed on Oct. 18, 2010 for HIGH REFRACTIVE INDEX GLASS COMPOSITION, the entire disclosure of which is fully incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates generally to a glass composition, and more particularly, to a glass composition for forming high refractive index glass fibers. The glass fibers may be used to reinforce plastics and form a composite having a high refractive index. These high refractive index composites may then be used in applications where high strength and transparency are required. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Glass fibers are manufactured from various raw materials combined in specific proportions to yield a desired chemical composition. This collection of materials is commonly termed a “glass batch.” To form glass fibers, typically the glass batch is melted in a melter or melting apparatus, the molten glass is drawn into filaments through a bushing or orifice plate, and a sizing composition containing lubricants, coupling agents and film-forming binder resins is applied to the filaments. After the sizing is applied, the fibers may be gathered into one or more strands and wound into a package or, alternatively, the fibers may be chopped while wet and collected. The collected chopped strands may then be dried and cured to form dry chopped fibers or they can be packaged in their wet condition as wet chopped fibers. The fibers, in turn, may be used to reinforce plastics and various other structural and non-structural products. 
         [0004]    The composition of the glass batch and the glass manufactured from it are generally expressed in terms of percentages of the components and are mainly expressed as oxides. Compounds such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, B 2 O 3 , La 2 O, Nb 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , ZrO 2 ,  2 O 3 , Li 2 O, Na 2 O, GdO 3 , BaO, SrO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , P 2 O 5 , GeO 2 , WO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , fluorine, and SO 3  may be used to form a glass batch. Numerous types of glasses may be produced from varying the amounts of these oxides, or eliminating some of the oxides in the glass batch. Normal reinforcement glasses such as R-glass, E-glass, S-glass, A-glass, C-glass, and ECR-glass may be formed from certain combinations of the oxides. In addition, optical glasses having a desired refractive index can be produced by choosing oxides for the glass batch. The glass composition controls the forming and product properties of the glass. Characteristics of glass compositions include the raw material cost and environmental impact. 
         [0005]    High refractive index glasses and use thereof in optical lens applications are known in the art. However, conventional optical glass fibers are unable to be formed by conventional fiberizing techniques because they lack sufficient viscosity above their crystallization temperature to be formed into fibers. Thus, although high refractive index glasses exist, there remains a need in the art for glass compositions that possess a high refractive index, an Abbe number and a coefficient of thermal expansion that is appropriate for the reinforcement of high refractive index plastics, and a viscosity above the liquidus temperature that is sufficiently high to permit the formation of fibers using conventional fiber forming techniques. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    The general inventive concepts include a composition that includes SiO 2  in an amount from 30.0 to 40.0% by weight, Al 2 O 3  in an amount from 15.0 to 23.0% by weight, B 2 O 3  in an amount from 0.0 to 15.0% by weight, K 2 O in an amount from 0.0 to 5.0% by weight, La 2 O 3  in an amount from 0.0 to 30.0% by weight, Li 2 O in an amount from 0.0 to 3.0% by weight, Na 2 O in an amount from 0.0 to 4.0% by weight, Nb 2 O 5  in an amount from 0.0 to 10.0% by weight, TiO 2  in an amount from 0.0 to 7.5% by weight, WO 3  in an amount from 0.0 to 10.0% by weight, Y 2 O 3  in an amount from 15.0 to 35.0% by weight, and RO in an amount from 0.0 to 7.5% by weight, where RO is one or more of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO. The phrase “% by weight”, as used herein, is intended to be defined as the percent by weight of the total composition. 
         [0007]    In some exemplary embodiments, the composition also contains trace quantities of other components or impurities that are not intentionally added. Also, in some exemplary embodiments, the glass composition is free or substantially free of fluorine and lead. 
         [0008]    In some exemplary embodiments, glass fibers formed from the composition have a refractive index between 1.55 and 1.69, an Abbe number less than about 65, and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) less than about 66×10 −7  cm/cm. Further, the glass composition and fibers produced therefrom possess a CTE and an Abbe number that may be suitable for reinforcing high refractive index plastics. 
         [0009]    In some exemplary embodiments, the glass composition possesses a viscosity above the liquidus temperature that is sufficiently high to permit the glass fibers to be formed using conventional fiber forming techniques, such as, for example, a platinum-lined melter. 
         [0010]    In some exemplary embodiments, a reinforced composite is formed from a matrix material and a plurality of fibers formed from the composition described. The matrix material may be any suitable thermoplastic or thermoset resin known to those of skill in the art, and includes thermoplastics and thermoset resins such as polyesters, polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyether imide, polyarylate, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyesters, phenolics, vinylesters, and elastomers. The polymer resins can be used alone or in combination to form the final composite product. 
         [0011]    In some exemplary embodiments, glass fibers formed from the inventive compositions have a liquidus temperature no greater than about 1531° C., a log 3 temperature less than about 1443° C., and a ΔT up to about 77° C. 
         [0012]    In yet other exemplary embodiments, glass fibers formed from the inventive composition have a refractive index between about 1.55 and about 1.69, preferably from about 1.55 to about 1.65. 
         [0013]    In further exemplary embodiments, glass fibers formed from the inventive composition have an Abbe number less than about 65, preferably less than about 60, and a coefficient of thermal expansion less than about 66×10″ 7  cm/cm, preferably less than about 55×10 −7  cm/cm. 
         [0014]    In some exemplary embodiments, the difference between the forming temperature and the crystallization temperature is from about −170° C. to about 77° C. 
         [0015]    The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will appear more fully hereinafter from a consideration of the detailed description that follows. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]    Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are described herein. All references cited herein, including published or corresponding U.S. or foreign patent applications, issued U.S. or foreign patents, and any other references, are each incorporated by reference in their entireties, including all data, tables, figures, and text presented in the cited references. The terms “composition” and “formulation” may be used interchangeably herein. Additionally, the phrase “inventive glass composition” and “glass composition” may be interchangeably used. 
         [0017]    The general inventive concepts relate to a glass composition used to form continuous glass fibers that may be used to reinforce high refractive index polymer matrices and form transparent or translucent composite products. In addition, the glass composition has a viscosity that is sufficiently above the liquidus temperature to permit the glass fibers to be fowled using currently available fiber forming techniques, such as, for example, a platinum-lined melter. 
         [0018]    In some exemplary embodiments, the inventive glass composition includes the following components in the weight percent ranges given in Table 1. As used herein, the terms “weight percent” and “percent by weight” may be used interchangeably and are meant to denote the weight percent (or percent by weight) based on the total composition. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 % by 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical 
                 weight 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 30.0-40.0 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 15.0-23.0 
               
               
                   
                 B 2 O 3   
                  0.0-15.0 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0.0-5.0 
               
               
                   
                 La 2 O 3   
                  0.0-30.0 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.0-3.0 
               
               
                   
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.0-4.0 
               
               
                   
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                  0.0-10.0 
               
               
                   
                 TiO 2   
                 0.0-7.5 
               
               
                   
                 WO 3   
                  0.0-10.0 
               
               
                   
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 15.0-35.0 
               
               
                   
                 MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO 
                 0.0-7.5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0019]    In some exemplary embodiments, the glass composition includes the components set forth in Table 2. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 % by 
               
               
                   
                 Chemical 
                 weight 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 30.0-33.0 
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 16.0-22.0 
               
               
                   
                 B 2 O 3   
                  5.0-10.0 
               
               
                   
                 La 2 O 3   
                 10.0-26.0 
               
               
                   
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.0-2.0 
               
               
                   
                 TiO 2   
                 0.0-1.5 
               
               
                   
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 17.0-33.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0020]    Further, it is to be appreciated that impurities or trace materials may be present in the glass composition without adversely affecting the glasses or the fibers. These impurities may enter the glass as raw material impurities or may be products formed by the chemical reaction of the molten glass with furnace components. Non-limiting examples of trace materials include Fe 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , Pr 2 O 3 , Nd 2 O 3 , Pm 2 O 3 , Sm 2 O 3 , Eu 2 O 3 , Gd 2 O 3 , Tb 2 O 3 , Dy 2 O 3 , Ho 2 O 3 , Er 2 O 3 , Tm 2 O 3 , Yb 2 O 3  and Lu 2 O 3 , all of which are present in their oxide forms, and fluorine and chlorine. 
         [0021]    The glass fibers produced from the inventive composition may have a refractive index between about 1.55 and about 1.69, an Abbe number less than about 65, and a coefficient of thermal expansion less than about 66×10 −7  cm/cm. In some exemplary embodiments, the glass fibers have a refractive index between about 1.55 and about 1.65, an Abbe number less than about 55, and a coefficient of thermal expansion less than about 52×10 −7  cm/cm. The difference between the forming temperature and the crystallization temperature is from about −170° C. to about 77° C. Also, the viscosity as a function of temperature of the glass is such that glass fibers formed from the inventive composition may be formed in conventional platinum-lined melters (e.g., paramelters). 
         [0022]    In the glass composition, SiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , and B 2 O 3  provide a glass network for the fiber. The SiO 2  also plays a role in the chemical and thermal stability of the formed glass fiber. La 2 O, Nb 2 O 5 , and Y 2 O 3  are effective for increasing the refractive index of the glass fiber. TiO 2  is optionally added to adjust the refractive index and Abbe number. Al 2 O 3  may be added to improve the chemical durability of the glass fiber. In some exemplary embodiments, the glass composition is free or substantially free of fluorine and lead, although either may be added at levels less than about 1% without adversely affecting the glass properties. 
         [0023]    The fiberizing properties of the glass composition of the present invention include the fiberizing temperature, the liquidus temperature, and ΔT. The fiberizing temperature is defined as the temperature that corresponds to a viscosity of about 1000 Poise. Lowering the fiberizing temperature may reduce the production cost of the glass fibers because it allows for a longer bushing life and reduced energy usage. For example, at a lower fiberizing temperature, a bushing operates at a cooler temperature and does not quickly “sag”. Sag is a phenomenon that occurs in bushings that are held at an elevated temperature for extended periods of time. Thus, by lowering the fiberizing temperature, the sag rate of the bushing may be reduced and the bushing life can be increased. In the present invention, the glass composition has a fiberizing temperature (i.e., log 3 temperature) that is less than about 1443° C. In exemplary embodiments, the log 3 temperature is from about 1081° C. to about 1443° C. 
         [0024]    The liquidus temperature is defined as the highest temperature at which equilibrium exists between liquid glass and its primary crystalline phase. At all temperatures above the liquidus temperature, the glass is free from crystals in its primary phase. At temperatures below the liquidus temperature, crystals may form. Additionally, the liquidus temperature is the greatest temperature at which devitrification can occur upon cooling the glass melt. At all temperatures above the liquidus temperature, the glass is completely molten. In exemplary embodiments, the liquidus temperature of the inventive composition may range from about 1169° C. to about 1531° C. 
         [0025]    A third fiberizing property is “ΔT”, which is defined as the difference between the fiberizing temperature (i.e., log 3 temperature) and the liquidus temperature. If the ΔT is too small, the molten glass may crystallize within the fiberizing apparatus and cause a break in the manufacturing process. Additionally, glasses with small or negative ΔT values may be formed utilizing methods that are not commonly employed when forming reinforcement fibers. For instance, discontinuous fibers may be generated by blowing gas or steam through a molten stream of glass. These discontinuous fibers require additional processing (such as carding or needle felting) to form them into suitable reinforcement fibers. Alternatively, continuous fibers can be formed from glasses having small or negative ΔT values by elevating the forming temperature well above the log 3 temperature. The temperature chosen needs to be above the liquidus temperature to prevent devitrification. The inventive composition may have a ΔT up to about 77° C., in exemplary embodiments, from about −170° C. to about 77° C. 
         [0026]    In general, glass fibers according to the present invention may be formed by obtaining the raw materials or ingredients and mixing or blending the components in a conventional manner in the appropriate quantities to give the desired weight percentages of the final composition. For example, the components may be obtained from suitable ingredients or raw materials including, but not limited to, sand or pyrophyllite for SiO 2 , kaolin, alumina or pyrophyllite for Al 2 O 3 , lithium carbonate or spodumene for Li 2 O and sodium feldspar, sodium carbonate or sodium sulfate for Na 2 O, potassium feldspar or potassium carbonate for K 2 O, Lanthanum oxide or Rare Earth Oxide blends for La 2 O 3 , rutile or ilmenite for TiO 2 , and the remainder of the composition is supplied by refined oxides of Nb 2 O 5 , WO 3 , or Y 2 O 3 . Glass cullet can also be used to supply one or more of the needed oxides. 
         [0027]    The mixed batch is then melted in a platinum-lined melter, and the resulting molten glass is passed into bushings (e.g., platinum-alloy based bushings). The operating temperatures of the glass in the furnace and bushing are selected to appropriately adjust the viscosity of the glass, and may be maintained using suitable methods such as control devices. Preferably, the temperature at the front end or bottom of the melter is automatically controlled to reduce or eliminate devitrification. The molten glass is then pulled (drawn) through holes or orifices in the bottom or tip plate of the bushing to form glass fibers. The streams of molten glass flowing through the bushing orifices are attenuated to filaments by winding a strand formed of a plurality of individual filaments on a forming tube mounted on a rotatable collet of a winding machine or chopped at an adaptive speed. 
         [0028]    The fibers may be further processed in a conventional manner suitable for the intended application. For instance, the continuous glass fibers may be sized with a sizing composition known to those of skill in the art. The sizing composition is in no way restricted, and may be any sizing composition suitable for application to glass fibers. The sized fibers may be used for reinforcing substrates, such as a variety of plastics, where the end product is desired to have a high refractive index. Such applications include, but are not limited to, the reinforcement of high refractive index plastics that have high strength and temperature resistance useful for laboratory equipment or a protective layer for flexible LCD screens. In this regard, the present invention also includes a composite material having a high refractive index that includes the inventive glass fibers, as described above, in combination with a hardenable matrix material. The matrix material may be any suitable thermoplastic or thermoset resin known to those of skill in the art, such as, but not limited to thermoplastics and thermoset resins such as polyesters, polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyether imide, polyarylate, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyesters, phenolics, vinylesters, and elastomers. The polymer resins can be used alone or in combination to form the final composite product. 
         [0029]    Having generally described this invention, a further understanding can be obtained by reference to certain specific examples illustrated below which are provided for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be all inclusive or limiting unless otherwise specified. 
       EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
     High Refractive Glass Compositions 
       [0030]    Glass compositions according to the present invention were made by mixing reagent grade chemicals in proportioned amounts to achieve a final glass composition with the oxide weight percentages set forth in Tables 3-15. The raw materials were melted in a platinum crucible in an electrically heated furnace at a temperature of 1650° C. for 3 hours. The Abbe number was calculated from the refractive index of the glass measured at three wavelengths, 589.2 nm (d), 486.1 nm (F), and 656.3 nm (C). The Abbe number, V, was then calculated from the following equation: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             V 
             = 
             
               
                 
                   n 
                   d 
                 
                 - 
                 1 
               
               
                 
                   n 
                   F 
                 
                 - 
                 
                   n 
                   c 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0000]    The coefficient of thermal expansion was measured by linear extension according to ASTM E228-06. The refractive index was measured using temperature controlled standardized immersion oils according to ASTM E1967-98. The forming viscosity (i.e., the temperature that corresponds to a viscosity of about 1000 Poise) was measured using a rotating cylinder method (ASTM C965). The liquidus temperature was measured by exposing glass to a temperature gradient in a platinum-alloy boat for 16 hours (ASTM C829). Density was measured by the Archimedes method (ASTM C693-93). The modulus was measured indirectly by measuring the speed of sound in a fiber with a known density. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 1 
                 Ex. 2 
                 Ex. 3 
                 Ex. 4 
                 Ex. 5 
                 Ex. 6 
                 Ex. 7 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 20.76 
                 20.76 
                 20.76 
                 20.76 
                 19.67 
                 19.67 
                 19.67 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 5.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 10.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 0.00 
                 5.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 10.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 5.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 39.76 
                 39.76 
                 39.76 
                 39.76 
                 37.67 
                 37.67 
                 37.67 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 5.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 10.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 34.48 
                 34.48 
                 34.48 
                 34.48 
                 32.67 
                 32.67 
                 32.67 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
                 56.1 
                 58.5 
                 58 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive 
                 1.6190 
                 1.6475 
                 1.6405 
                 1.6503 
                 1.6060 
                 1.6596 
                 1.6500 
               
               
                 Index (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
                 46 
                 46.6 
                 46.8 
                 50.3 
                 39.4 
                 47 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1268 
                 1386 
                 1302 
                   
                 1245 
                 1385 
               
               
                 Temp 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1302 
                 1418 
                 1439 
                 1458 
                 1264 
                 1413 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −34 
                 −32 
                 −137 
                   
                   
                 −28 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 8 
                 Ex. 9 
                 Ex. 10 
                 Ex. 11 
                 Ex. 12 
                 Ex. 13 
                 Ex. 14 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 19.67 
                 19.34 
                 17.26 
                 22.26 
                 16.01 
                 16.01 
                 16.01 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 0.00 
                 5.00 
                 10.00 
                 8.75 
                 15.00 
                 8.75 
                 8.75 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 0.00 
                 6.50 
                 11.00 
                 9.75 
                 9.75 
                 16.00 
                 9.75 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 10.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 37.67 
                 37.04 
                 33.06 
                 31.82 
                 31.82 
                 31.82 
                 38.07 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 32.67 
                 32.12 
                 28.67 
                 27.42 
                 27.42 
                 27.42 
                 27.42 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
                   
                 57.5 
                 52.5 
                 52.4 
                   
                 53.8 
                 43.8 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive 
                 1.6684 
                 1.6340 
                 1.6330 
                 1.6346 
                 1.6200 
                 1.6516 
                 1.6190 
               
               
                 Index (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
                 43.1 
                 52 
                 53.4 
                 43.3 
                 49 
                 43.7 
                 43.5 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1443 
                 1279 
                 1190 
                 1207 
                 1161 
                 1185 
                 1255 
               
               
                 Temp 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1531 
                 1303 
                 1194 
                 1311 
                 1199 
                 1257 
                 1233 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −88 
                 −24 
                 −4 
                 −103 
                 −38 
                 −72 
                 22 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 15 
                 Ex. 16 
                 Ex. 17 
                 Ex. 18 
                 Ex. 19 
                 Ex. 20 
                 Ex. 21 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 16.01 
                 16.76 
                 16.76 
                 16.76 
                 16.26 
                 16.26 
                 16.26 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 8.75 
                 9.50 
                 9.50 
                 9.50 
                 9.00 
                 9.00 
                 9.00 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 0.00 
                 2.50 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 5.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 9.75 
                 10.50 
                 10.50 
                 10.50 
                 10.00 
                 10.00 
                 10.00 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 2.50 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 5.00 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 31.82 
                 32.57 
                 32.57 
                 32.57 
                 32.07 
                 32.07 
                 32.07 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 2.50 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 5.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 33.67 
                 28.17 
                 28.17 
                 28.17 
                 27.67 
                 27.67 
                 27.67 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
                 49.7 
                 48.5 
                 53.6 
                 63.8 
                 57.6 
                 46.9 
                 49.9 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive Index 
                 1.6516 
                 1.6347 
                 1.6480 
                 1.6440 
                 1.6399 
                 1.6620 
                 1.6530 
               
               
                 (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
                 43.8 
                 42.5 
                 49.7 
                 50.4 
                 50.5 
                 46.8 
                 44.5 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1184 
                 1191 
                 1179 
                 1184 
                 1193 
                 1174 
                 1209 
               
               
                 Temp 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1284 
                 1256 
                 1223 
                 1225 
                 1265 
                 1252 
                 1371 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −100 
                 −64 
                 −44 
                 −41 
                 −72 
                 −77 
                 −162 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 22 
                 Ex. 23 
                 Ex. 24 
                 Ex. 25 
                 Ex. 26 
                 Ex. 27 
                 Ex. 28 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 15.76 
                 15.76 
                 15.76 
                 16.26 
                 16.26 
                 16.26 
                 15.76 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 8.50 
                 8.50 
                 8.50 
                 9.00 
                 9.00 
                 9.00 
                 8.50 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 7.50 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 2.50 
                 2.50 
                 0.00 
                 2.50 
               
               
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 9.50 
                 9.50 
                 9.50 
                 10.00 
                 10.00 
                 10.00 
                 9.50 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 7.50 
                 0.00 
                 2.50 
                 2.50 
                 2.50 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 31.57 
                 31.57 
                 31.57 
                 32.07 
                 32.07 
                 32.07 
                 31.57 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 0.00 
                 7.50 
                 0.00 
                 2.50 
                 0.00 
                 2.50 
                 2.50 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 27.17 
                 27.17 
                 27.17 
                 27.67 
                 27.67 
                 27.67 
                 27.17 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
                 53 
                   
                   
                 46 
                 49.3 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive Index 
                 1.6402 
                 1.6750 
                 1.6620 
                 1.6507 
                 1.6454 
               
               
                 (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
                 53.1 
                 49 
                 40.2 
                 48.3 
                 50.9 
                 47.2 
                 45.7 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1189 
                 1164 
                   
                 1179 
                 1186 
                 1173 
                 1172 
               
               
                 Temp 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1299 
                 1222 
                 1397 
                 1213 
                 1216 
                 1232 
                 1208 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −110 
                 −58 
                   
                 −34 
                 −31 
                 −59 
                 −37 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 29 
                 Ex. 30 
                 Ex. 31 
                 Ex. 32 
                 Ex. 33 
                 Ex. 34 
                 Ex. 35 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 17.00 
                 16.74 
                 16.91 
                 16.57 
                 16.83 
                 16.40 
                 21.00 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 9.85 
                 9.70 
                 9.80 
                 9.60 
                 9.75 
                 9.50 
                 5.07 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + SrO + 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 2.50 
                 5.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 10.83 
                 10.67 
                 10.78 
                 10.56 
                 10.73 
                 10.45 
                 28.93 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 1.50 
                 3.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 2.00 
                 4.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 32.58 
                 32.08 
                 32.41 
                 31.75 
                 32.24 
                 31.41 
                 30.00 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 28.24 
                 27.81 
                 28.10 
                 27.52 
                 27.95 
                 27.24 
                 15.00 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive Index 
               
               
                 (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
                 53.7 
                 66.1 
                 54.1 
                 66.1 
                 56.9 
                 65.8 
                 51.7 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1130 
                 1081 
                 1176 
                 1164 
                 1189 
                 1184 
                 1206 
               
               
                 Temp (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1228 
                 1251 
                 1273 
                 1300 
                 1251 
                 1288 
                 1226 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −98 
                 −170 
                 −97 
                 −136 
                 −61 
                 −103 
                 −20 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 36 
                 Ex. 37 
                 Ex. 38 
                 Ex. 39 
                 Ex. 40 
                 Ex. 41 
                 Ex. 42 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 16.95 
                 16.64 
                 16.32 
                 20.07 
                 19.13 
                 18.20 
                 19.00 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 9.69 
                 9.38 
                 9.06 
                 6.30 
                 7.54 
                 8.77 
                 6.00 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 10.69 
                 10.38 
                 10.06 
                 24.45 
                 19.96 
                 15.48 
                 23.00 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 32.76 
                 32.45 
                 32.13 
                 30.77 
                 31.53 
                 32.30 
                 32.00 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 29.92 
                 31.17 
                 32.42 
                 18.42 
                 21.84 
                 25.26 
                 20.00 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive Index 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1.6535 
               
               
                 (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
                 50.8 
                 49.4 
                 49.7 
                 51.4 
                 49.3 
                 48.2 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1199 
                 1178 
                 1179 
                 1201 
                 1184 
                 1196 
                 1200 
               
               
                 Temp 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1213 
                 1258 
                 1218 
                 1204 
                 1199 
                 1169 
                 1246 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −14 
                 −80 
                 −39 
                 −3 
                 −16 
                 27 
                 −46 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 43 
                 Ex. 44 
                 Ex. 45 
                 Ex. 46 
                 Ex. 47 
                 Ex. 48 
                 Ex. 49 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 19.37 
                 19.00 
                 19.49 
                 19.00 
                 19.39 
                 19.00 
                 19.41 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 6.36 
                 6.00 
                 6.36 
                 6.00 
                 6.14 
                 7.00 
                 6.99 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 23.26 
                 24.00 
                 23.71 
                 26.00 
                 25.31 
                 23.00 
                 23.30 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.17 
                 1.50 
                 1.07 
                 0.00 
                 0.11 
                 0.00 
                 0.24 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 31.54 
                 32.00 
                 31.71 
                 32.00 
                 31.69 
                 31.50 
                 31.36 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 0.11 
                 0.00 
                 0.19 
                 0.00 
                 0.16 
                 1.50 
                 1.04 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 19.19 
                 17.50 
                 17.47 
                 17.00 
                 17.20 
                 18.00 
                 17.65 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 54.08 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive 
                 1.6529 
                 1.6533 
                 1.6533 
                 1.6523 
                 1.652 
                 1.657 
                 1.6553 
               
               
                 Index (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 44.0 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1189 
                 1201 
                 1195 
                 1201 
                 1202 
                 1184 
                 1190 
               
               
                 Temp 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1209 
                 1210 
                 1229 
                 1201 
                 1212 
                 1205 
                 1174 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −20 
                 −9 
                 −34 
                 0 
                 −10 
                 −21 
                 16 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 50 
                 Ex. 51 
                 Ex. 52 
                 Ex. 53 
                 Ex. 54 
                 Ex. 55 
                 Ex. 56 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 19.00 
                 19.42 
                 19.00 
                 19.37 
                 19.00 
                 19.38 
                 20.50 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 7.50 
                 7.40 
                 8.00 
                 7.65 
                 8.00 
                 7.62 
                 8.00 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 25.00 
                 24.61 
                 23.00 
                 23.21 
                 23.00 
                 23.33 
                 23.00 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.00 
                 0.27 
                 0.00 
                 0.15 
                 1.50 
                 1.21 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 30.50 
                 30.48 
                 30.00 
                 30.21 
                 30.50 
                 30.49 
                 30.00 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 0.00 
                 0.23 
                 0.00 
                 0.18 
                 0.00 
                 0.24 
                 1.50 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 18.00 
                 17.61 
                 20.00 
                 19.23 
                 18.00 
                 17.73 
                 17.00 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive 
                 1.6517 
                 1.6534 
                 1.6531 
                 1.6532 
                 1.6527 
                 1.6515 
                 1.6529 
               
               
                 Index (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1190 
                 1186 
                 1179 
                 1181 
                 1183 
                 1178 
                 1180 
               
               
                 Temp 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1207 
                 1203 
                 1178 
                 1212 
                 1216 
                 1184 
                 1276 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −17 
                 −17 
                 1 
                 −31 
                 −33 
                 −7 
                 −96 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 57 
                 Ex. 58 
                 Ex. 59 
                 Ex. 60 
                 Ex. 61 
                 Ex. 62 
                 Ex. 63 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 20.32 
                 21.00 
                 21.09 
                 21.00 
                 20.98 
                 21.00 
                 20.85 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 7.56 
                 5.00 
                 5.48 
                 6.00 
                 6.15 
                 7.00 
                 6.91 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 23.35 
                 23.00 
                 23.23 
                 24.50 
                 24.04 
                 23.00 
                 23.20 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.24 
                 0.50 
                 0.43 
                 0.00 
                 0.24 
                 2.00 
                 1.28 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 30.27 
                 32.00 
                 31.73 
                 31.00 
                 31.05 
                 30.00 
                 30.42 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 0.99 
                 0.00 
                 0.19 
                 0.50 
                 0.31 
                 0.00 
                 0.12 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 17.27 
                 18.50 
                 17.85 
                 17.00 
                 17.24 
                 17.00 
                 17.20 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive 
                 1.6556 
                 1.6541 
                 1.6528 
                 1.6525 
                 1.6506 
                 1.6551 
                 1.6535 
               
               
                 Index (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1187 
                 1215 
                 1212 
                 1200 
                 1204 
                 1182 
                 1199 
               
               
                 Temp 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1252 
                 1291 
                 1280 
                 1272 
                 1268 
                 1277 
                 1272 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −65 
                 −76 
                 −68 
                 −71 
                 −64 
                 −95 
                 −73 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 64 
                 Ex. 65 
                 Ex. 66 
                 Ex. 67 
                 Ex. 68 
                 Ex. 69 
                 Ex. 70 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 21.50 
                 21.06 
                 20.64 
                 20.08 
                 18.46 
                 17.46 
                 16.46 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 6.50 
                 6.67 
                 6.74 
                 6.72 
                 6.99 
                 6.99 
                 6.99 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 23.00 
                 23.23 
                 23.32 
                 23.69 
                 23.30 
                 23.30 
                 23.30 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.00 
                 0.16 
                 0.63 
                 0.51 
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 30.00 
                 30.38 
                 30.65 
                 30.99 
                 31.36 
                 31.36 
                 31.36 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 0.00 
                 0.15 
                 0.33 
                 0.36 
                 2.00 
                 3.00 
                 4.00 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 19.00 
                 18.35 
                 17.68 
                 17.65 
                 17.65 
                 17.65 
                 17.65 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive 
                 1.6532 
                 1.6520 
                 1.6526 
                 1.6531 
                 1.6562 
                 1.662 
                 1.6697 
               
               
                 Index (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1194 
                 1200 
                 1188 
                 1189 
                 1181 
                 1172 
                 1163 
               
               
                 Temp 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1283 
                 1261 
                 1256 
                 1245 
                 1188 
                 1141 
                 1133 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −89 
                 −61 
                 −68 
                 −56 
                 −7 
                 31 
                 30 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 13 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 71 
                 Ex. 72 
                 Ex. 73 
                 Ex. 74 
                 Ex. 75 
                 Ex. 76 
                 Ex. 77 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 15.46 
                 19.41 
                 19.41 
                 19.41 
                 19.41 
                 19.41 
                 19.41 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 6.99 
                 6.03 
                 5.03 
                 4.03 
                 3.03 
                 6.99 
                 6.99 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 23.30 
                 23.30 
                 23.30 
                 23.30 
                 23.30 
                 23.30 
                 23.30 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 31.36 
                 31.36 
                 31.36 
                 31.36 
                 31.36 
                 30.40 
                 29.40 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 5.00 
                 2.00 
                 3.00 
                 4.00 
                 5.00 
                 2.00 
                 3.00 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 17.65 
                 17.65 
                 17.65 
                 17.65 
                 17.65 
                 17.65 
                 17.65 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive 
                 1.6754 
                 1.6597 
                 1.668 
                 1.6774 
                 1.6857 
                 1.6605 
                 1.6688 
               
               
                 Index (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1152 
                 1179 
                 1180 
                 1183 
                 1183 
                 1164 
                 1158 
               
               
                 Temp 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1181 
                 1234 
                 1249 
                 1261 
                 1272 
                 1217 
                 1231 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −29 
                 −56 
                 −69 
                 −78 
                 −88 
                 −53 
                 −72 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 78 
                 Ex. 79 
                 Ex. 80 
                 Ex. 81 
                 Ex. 82 
                 Ex. 83 
                 Ex. 84 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 19.41 
                 19.41 
                 19.25 
                 18.76 
                 18.26 
                 17.77 
                 17.52 
               
               
                 B 2 O 3   
                 6.99 
                 6.99 
                 6.92 
                 6.92 
                 6.92 
                 6.92 
                 7.20 
               
               
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 La 2 O 3   
                 23.30 
                 23.30 
                 23.06 
                 23.06 
                 23.06 
                 23.06 
                 23.28 
               
               
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
                 0.24 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 SiO 2   
                 28.40 
                 27.40 
                 31.08 
                 30.58 
                 30.09 
                 29.59 
                 31.58 
               
               
                 TiO 2   
                 4.00 
                 5.00 
                 1.98 
                 2.97 
                 3.96 
                 4.95 
                 2.82 
               
               
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 17.65 
                 17.65 
                 17.47 
                 17.47 
                 17.47 
                 17.47 
                 17.61 
               
               
                 Property 
               
               
                 Abbe Number 
               
               
                 (FU) 
               
               
                 Refractive 
                 1.677 
                 1.686 
                 1.6566 
                 1.6634 
                 1.6718 
                 1.6792 
                 1.6560 
               
               
                 Index (BA) 
               
               
                 CTE 
               
               
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                 Log 3 
                 1142 
                 1135 
                 1166 
                 1164 
                 1157 
                 1146 
                 1181 
               
               
                 Temp 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1234 
                 1249 
                 1217 
                 1209 
                 1187 
                 1179 
                 1104 
               
               
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 −92 
                 −113 
                 −51 
                 −45 
                 −29 
                 −33 
                 77 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 15 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ex. 85 
                 Ex. 86 
               
               
                   
                 (% by 
                 (% by 
               
               
                   
                 wt.) 
                 wt.) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Chemical 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Al 2 O 3   
                 17.23 
                 17.42 
               
               
                   
                 B 2 O 3   
                 7.26 
                 6.86 
               
               
                   
                 MgO + CaO + 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 SrO + BaO 
               
               
                   
                 K 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 La 2 O 3   
                 23.34 
                 23.42 
               
               
                   
                 Li 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 Na 2 O 
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 Nb 2 O 5   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 SiO 2   
                 31.69 
                 31.25 
               
               
                   
                 TiO 2   
                 2.84 
                 3.27 
               
               
                   
                 WO 3   
                 0.00 
                 0.00 
               
               
                   
                 Y 2 O 3   
                 17.65 
                 17.78 
               
               
                   
                 Property 
               
               
                   
                 Abbe Number 
               
               
                   
                 (FU) 
               
               
                   
                 Refractive 
                 1.6597 
                 1.6633 
               
               
                   
                 Index (BA) 
               
               
                   
                 CTE 
               
               
                   
                 (cm × 10 −7 /cm) 
               
               
                   
                 Log 3 
                 1178 
                 1172 
               
               
                   
                 Temp 
               
               
                   
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                   
                 Liquidus Temp 
                 1163 
                 1148 
               
               
                   
                 (° C.) 
               
               
                   
                 ΔT (° C.) 
                 15 
                 24 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0031]    Looking at Tables 3-15, it can be concluded that the glass compositions of Examples 1-86 have a very high refractive index in comparison with commercially available continuous fiber products (e.g., the refractive index for S2 glass is 1.52, E-glass is about 1.58 to 1.62 and ECR glass is 1.58) with forming temperatures and ΔT values that allow these glasses to be manufactured by known platinum-lined furnace melting techniques. 
         [0032]    The invention of this application has been described above both generically and with regard to specific embodiments. Although the invention has been set forth in what is believed to be the preferred embodiments, a wide variety of alternatives known to those of skill in the art can be selected within the generic disclosure. The invention is not otherwise limited, except for the recitation of the claims set forth below.