Abstract:
The overrunning radial coupling assembly or clutch and a method of controlling the engagement of inner and outer plates or members of the assembly are provided wherein adjacent engaging radial locking pawls are selectively controlled by a single, rotatable control plate or element to obtain full lock, one-way lock and one-way overrun conditions. The assembly includes free-floating, forward pawls and free-floating, reverse pawls adjacent to their respective forward pawls. The forward and reverse pawls are movable between a notch-engaging, engaged position (i.e., full lock condition) and a disengaged position in which the outer member is permitted to free-wheel relative to the inner member in the one-way overrun condition in one direction about a first axis and the outer member is locked to the inner member in the one-way lock condition in the opposite direction. A number of different embodiments of the assembly and method are provided.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/148,910 filed Jun. 9, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,258,214 and entitled “Overrunning Coupling Assembly And Method For Controlling The Engagement of Planar Members.” 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   This invention relates to overrunning radial coupling assemblies such as clutches and methods for controlling the engagement of inner and outer members of the assemblies. 
   2. Background Art 
   Overrunning coupling assemblies may be used for transferring torque from a driving member to a driven member in a variety of structural environments. This permits the transfer of torque from a driving member to a driven member while permitting freewheeling motion of the driving member relative to the driven member when torque is interrupted. Such couplings often comprise an outer race concentrically disposed with respect to an inner race, the outer race having cammed surfaces that define a pocket in which coupling rollers are assembled. 
   A driving member is connected to one race, and a driven member is connected to the other race. During torque transfer from the driving member to the driven member, the rollers become locked with a camming action against the cam surfaces, thereby establishing a positive driving connection between the driving member and the driven member. When the torque is interrupted, the driven member may freewheel relative to the driving member as the rollers become unlocked from their respective cam surfaces. 
   Another common overrunning coupling includes inner and outer races wherein one race is connected to a driving member and the other race is connected to the driven member. Overrunning coupling sprags are disposed between the inner cylindrical surface of the outer race and the outer cylindrical surface of the inner race so that the sprags lock the races together as torque is delivered to the driven member. The sprags become unlocked with respect to the inner and outer race surfaces when torque transfer is interrupted. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 5,927,455 discloses a bi-directional overrunning pawl-type clutch having a driving member mounted for power rotation, a driven member mounted for rotation adjacent the driving member, with each of the driving and driven members having pawl engaging shoulders, and a plurality of rigid pawls interposed between the driving and driven members. A control element is mounted for shifting movement between the driving and driven members to control the position of the pawls which are yieldably biased toward positions of engagement extending between the driving and driven members to produce driving engagement therebetween. The control element is shiftable to various positions to permit driving and overrunning in one direction or driving and overrunning in the opposite direction dependent upon the direction of rotation of the driving member. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 6,244,965 discloses a planar overrunning coupling for transfer of torque from a driving member to a driven member in one direction and which permits freewheeling motion between the members upon a torque reversal. The coupling includes coupling plates situated in close proximity with a strut retainer plate disposed between them. One plate is connected to the driving member and the other plate is connected to the driven member. Each plate has strut recesses. A series of struts is located in the recesses of one plate so that each strut may be pivoted, thereby allowing the struts to engage the companion recesses in the other coupling plate. The retainer has angularly spaced apertures that register with the struts to permit pivotal movement of the struts when the retainer plate is in one rotary position. The retainer plate, when it is in a second rotary position, prevents pivotal motion of the struts, thereby permitting freewheeling relative motion of the coupling plates. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 6,116,394 discloses an overrunning coupling assembly including a notch plate and an annular coupling pocket plate positioned in face-to-face relationship with respect to each other along a common axis. The pocket plate includes strut pockets disposed at angularly spaced positions about the axis. The notch plate includes notch recesses at angularly spaced positions about the common axis and positioned in juxtaposed relationship with respect to the strut pockets. The notch plate includes an inner circumferential rail at a radially inward side of the notch recesses and an outer circumferential rail at a radially outward side of the notch recesses. Torque-transmitting struts are positioned in the strut pockets. Each strut has first and second ears at one edge thereof for enabling pivotal motion of the struts about an ear axis intersecting the ears. The opposite edge of each strut is engageable with one of the notch recesses whereby one-way torque transfer may occur between the plates. Each opposite edge has first and second corners. Each strut pocket is sufficiently enlarged to allow pivotal movement of each strut about a strut axis which is parallel with the common axis, thereby enabling one of the first and second corners to be selectively supported by one of the inner and outer circumferential rails to prevent the struts from slapping against the notch recesses as the notch plate and pocket plate are respectively counterrotated. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,331 discloses a one-way clutch comprising a pocket plate and a notch plate situated in a juxtaposed adjacent relationship. One-way clutches of this kind are sometimes referred to as planar clutches because the adjacent juxtaposed surfaces are situated in radial planes with respect to the axis of the clutch. 
   For purposes of this application, the term coupling should be interpreted to include clutches or brakes wherein one of the plates is drivably connected to a torque delivery element of a transmission and the other plate is drivably connected to another torque delivery element or is anchored and held stationary with respect to a transmission housing. The terms coupling, clutch and brake may be used interchangeably. 
   A pocket plate may be provided with angularly disposed recesses or pockets about the axis of a one-way clutch. The pockets are formed in the planar surface of the pocket plate. Each pocket receives a torque transmitting strut, one end of which engages an anchor point in a pocket of the pocket plate. An opposite edge of the strut, which may hereafter be referred to as an active edge, is movable from a position within the pocket to a position in which the active edge extends outwardly from the planar surface of the pocket plate. The struts may be biased away from the pocket plate by individual springs. 
   A notch plate may be formed with a plurality of recesses or notches located approximately on the radius of the pockets of the pocket plate. The notches are formed in the planar surface of the notch plate. 
   Another example of an overrunning planar clutch is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,597,057. 
   Other U.S. patents related to the present invention include: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,070,978; 5,449,057; 5,806,643; 5,871,071; 5,918,715; 5,979,627; 6,065,576; 6,125,980; 6,129,190; 6,186,299; 6,193,038; 6,386,349; 6,481,551; 6,505,721; 6,571,926; and 6,854,577. 
   It is often desirable to have opposed engaging struts in a selectable or controllable clutch or coupling assembly. It is also desirable to have an overrunning or free-wheeling capability in such clutches or assemblies. One way to control such sets of opposed struts or keys is to provide two slide or control plates which add cost and complexity to the selectable clutch. Such plates may be difficult to control external to the clutch. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   An object of the present invention is to provide an overrunning radial coupling assembly and method for controlling the engagement of inner and outer members of the assembly wherein plates or members of the assembly are designed to minimize the above-noted cost, complexity and control concerns. 
   In carrying out the above object and other objects of the present invention, an overrunning radial coupling assembly is provided. The assembly includes an inner member having an outer peripheral surface and an outer member having an inner peripheral surface adjacent the outer peripheral surface in radially inner and radially outer relationship. At least one of the members is mounted for rotation about a first axis. The assembly also includes pawl-receiving portions and pawl-holding portions formed on the members. The assembly further includes at least one free-floating, forward pawl and at least one free-floating, reverse pawl adjacent to the at least one forward pawl. The pawls are received and retained in the pawl-holding portions but not physically secured to the pawl-holding portions. The forward and reverse pawls are movable between an engaged position between the pawl-receiving and pawl-holding portions and a disengaged position in which one of the members is permitted to free-wheel relative to the other of the members. The assembly includes a set of biasing members carried by the pawl-holding portions and urging the forward and reverse pawls outwardly from their respective pawl-holding portions. The assembly also includes a single control element mounted for controlled, shifting movement between the surfaces relative to the pawl-holding portions and operable to control position of at least one of the pawls. The control element has at least one opening which extends completely therethrough to allow the forward and reverse pawls to extend therethrough to the engaged position in a first position of the control element to fully lock the inner and outer members together to prevent relative rotation between the inner and outer members in either direction about the first axis. The control element maintains at least one of the pawls in its disengaged position in a second position of the control element. 
   The control element may allow the at least one forward pawl to extend therethrough to one of the pawl-receiving portions in the second position to lock the inner and outer members together in a first direction about the first axis but not in a second direction opposite the first direction about the first axis. 
   Relative rotation between the outer member and the inner member in the second direction about the first axis in the second position of the control element may cause the pawl-receiving portions to act against the at least one forward pawl to move the at least one forward pawl towards its disengaged position against the urging of its biasing member to permit free-wheeling. 
   The forward and reverse pawls may be received and retained in same member, such as either the inner member or outer member. Alternatively, the forward and reverse pawls may be received and retained in different members. 
   The at least one forward pawl and the at least one reverse pawl may extend through the same opening in the control element in the engaged position. 
   A plurality of adjacent notches may be formed in the inner peripheral surface wherein one forward pawl and one reverse pawl engage adjacent notches in the inner peripheral surface in the engaged position. 
   The assembly may further include an operating member operatively connected to the control element to selectively shift the control element between its first and second positions. 
   The control element may comprise a plate-like member. 
   The inner and outer members may comprise plate-like members. 
   The control element may include at least one control portion which urges at least one forward pawl toward its engaged position in the first position of the control element. 
   Further in carrying out the above object and other objects of the present invention, an overrunning radial coupling assembly is provided. The assembly includes an inner member having an outer peripheral surface and an outer member having an inner peripheral surface adjacent the outer peripheral surface in radially inner and radially outer relationship. At least one of the members is mounted for rotation about a first axis. The assembly also includes pawl-receiving portions and pawl-holding portions formed on the members. The assembly further includes at least one free-floating, forward pawl and at least one free-floating, reverse pawl adjacent to the at least one forward pawl. The pawls are received and retained in the pawl-holding portions but not physically secured to the pawl-holding portions. The forward and reverse pawls are movable between an engaged position between the pawl-receiving and pawl-holding portions and a disengaged position in which one of the members is permitted to free-wheel relative to the other of the members. The assembly includes a single control element mounted for controlled rotation about the first axis relative to the pawl-holding portions between first and second angular positions between the surfaces. The element is operable to control position of at least one of the pawls. The control element has at least one opening which extends completely therethrough to allow the forward and reverse pawls to extend therethrough to the engaged position in the first angular position of the control element to fully lock the inner and outer members together to prevent relative rotation between the inner and outer members in either direction about the first axis. The control element maintains at least one of the pawls in its disengaged position in the second angular position of the control element. 
   The control element may allow the at least one forward pawl to extend therethrough to one of the pawl-receiving portions in the second angular position to lock the inner and outer members together in a first direction about the first axis but not in a second direction opposite the first direction about the first axis. 
   Relative rotation between the outer member and the inner member in the second direction about the first axis in the second angular position of the control element may cause the pawl-receiving portions to act against the at least one forward pawl to move the at least one forward pawl towards its disengaged position to permit free-wheeling. 
   The forward and reverse pawls may be received and retained in the same member, such as either the inner member or the outer member. Alternatively, the forward and reverse pawls may be received and retained in different members. 
   The at least one forward pawl and the at least one reverse pawl may extend through the same opening in the control element in the engaged position. 
   A plurality of adjacent notches may be formed in the inner peripheral surface wherein one forward pawl and one reverse pawl engage adjacent notches in the inner peripheral surface in the engaged position. 
   The assembly may further include an operating mechanism operatively connected to the control element to selectively shift the control element between its first and second angular positions. 
   The control element may comprise a plate-like member. 
   The inner and outer members may comprise plate-like members. 
   The control element may include at least one control portion which urges the at least one forward pawl toward its engaged position in the first position of the control element. 
   Still further in carrying out the above object and other objects of the present invention, a method of controlling the engagement of inner and outer members is provided. The inner member has an outer peripheral surface. The outer member has an inner peripheral surface adjacent the outer peripheral surface in radially inner and radially outer relationship. At least one of the members is mounted for rotation about a first axis. Pawl-receiving portions and pawl-holding portions are formed on the members. The method includes providing at least one free-floating, forward pawl and at least one free-floating, reverse pawl adjacent to the at least one forward pawl. The pawls are received and retained in the pawl-holding portions but not physically secured to the pawl-holding portions. The method further includes urging the forward and reverse pawls outwardly from their respective pawl-holding portions. The method includes providing a single control member between the inner and outer surfaces which is rotatable about the first axis relative to the pawl-holding portions. The control member has at least one opening which extends completely therethrough. The method further includes rotating the control element relative to the pawl-holding portions about the first axis. The at least one opening allows the pawls to extend therethrough and be received within the pawl-receiving portions in a first angular position of the control element to fully lock the inner and outer members together to prevent relative rotation between the inner and outer members in either direction about the first axis. The control element maintains at least one of the pawls in a disengaged position in a second angular position of the control element in which one of the members is allowed to free-wheel relative to the other member during the rotation of the one of the members in a first direction about the first axis. The members are locked to each other in a second direction opposite the first direction about the first axis in the second angular position. 
   The method may further include rotating one of the members during the step of rotating the control element. 
   The above objects and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best mode for carrying out the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a top plan view of an overrunning coupling or clutch assembly constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a sectional view taken along lines  2 - 2  of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3  is a view similar to the view of  FIG. 7  except an external notch plate of the assembly is hidden and wherein a slide plate lever may be moved clockwise to disengage a reverse strut; 
       FIG. 4  is an exploded, perspective view of an overrunning coupling or clutch assembly constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention with struts and springs removed for clarity; 
       FIG. 5  is a partially broken away, sectional view taken along lines  5 - 7 - 5 - 7  of  FIG. 2  wherein the internal pocket plate is non-rotating, the slide plate is actuated in a clockwise direction to disengage the reverse strut and the external notch plate rotates counter-clockwise in an overrun condition (i.e., one-way overrun condition); 
       FIG. 6  is a view similar to the view of  FIG. 5  except the notch plate rotates clockwise and the forward strut locks (i.e., one-way lock condition); 
       FIG. 7  is a view similar to the views of  FIGS. 5 and 6  wherein the slide plate is activated counter-clockwise to allow the reverse strut to engage, the notch plate rotates counter-clockwise until both struts are locked (i.e., the full lock condition); 
       FIG. 8  is a top plan view of an overrunning coupling or clutch assembly constructed in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 9  is a sectional view taken along lines  9 - 9  of  FIG. 8 ; 
       FIG. 10  is an exploded, perspective view of an overrunning coupling or clutch assembly constructed in accordance with the second embodiment of the present invention with struts and springs removed for clarity; 
       FIG. 11  is a partially broken away, sectional view taken along lines  11 - 13 - 11 - 13  of  FIG. 9  wherein the internal notch plate is non-rotating, the slide plate is actuated in a counter-clockwise direction to disengage the forward strut and the external pocket plate rotates counter-clockwise in an overrun condition (i.e., one-way overrun condition); 
       FIG. 12  is a view similar to the view of  FIG. 11  except the pocket plate rotates clockwise and the reverse strut locks (i.e., one-way lock condition); 
       FIG. 13  is a view similar to the views of  FIGS. 11 and 12  wherein the slide plate is activated clockwise to allow the forward strut to engage, the pocket plate rotates counter-clockwise until both struts are locked (i.e., the full lock condition); 
       FIG. 14  is a top plan view of an overrunning coupling or clutch assembly constructed in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 15  is a sectional view taken along lines  15 - 15  of  FIG. 14 ; 
       FIG. 16  is an exploded, perspective view of an overrunning coupling or clutch assembly constructed in accordance with the third embodiment of the present invention with struts and springs removed for clarity; 
       FIG. 17  is a partially broken away, sectional view taken along lines  17 - 19 - 17 - 19  of  FIG. 15  wherein the external plate is non-rotating, the slide plate is actuated in a clockwise direction to disengage the reverse strut and the external plate rotates counter-clockwise in an overrun condition (i.e., one-way overrun condition); 
       FIG. 18  is a view similar to the view of  FIG. 17  except the external plate rotates clockwise and the forward strut locks (i.e., one-way lock condition); 
       FIG. 19  is a view similar to the views of  FIGS. 17 and 18  wherein the slide plate is activated counter-clockwise to allow the reverse strut to engage, the external plate rotates counter-clockwise until both struts are locked (i.e., the full lock condition); 
       FIG. 20  is a top plan view of an overrunning coupling or clutch assembly constructed in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 21  is a sectional view taken along lines  21 - 21  of  FIG. 20 ; 
       FIG. 22  is an exploded, perspective view of an overrunning coupling or clutch assembly constructed in accordance with the fourth embodiment of the present invention with struts and springs removed for clarity; 
       FIG. 23  is a partially broken away, sectional view taken along lines  23 - 24 - 23 - 24  of  FIG. 21  wherein the pocket plate is non-rotating, the slide plate is actuated in a clockwise direction to disengage the reverse strut and the notch plate rotates counter-clockwise in an overrun condition (i.e., one-way overrun condition); 
       FIG. 24  is a view similar to the view of  FIG. 23  wherein the slide plate is activated counter-clockwise to allow the reverse strut to engage, the notch plate rotates counter-clockwise until both struts are locked (i.e., the full lock condition); 
       FIG. 25  is a top plan view of an overrunning coupling or clutch assembly constructed in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 26  is a sectional view taken along lines  26 - 26  of  FIG. 25 ; 
       FIG. 27  is an exploded, perspective view of an overrunning coupling or clutch assembly constructed in accordance with the fifth embodiment of the present invention with struts and springs removed for clarity; 
       FIG. 28  is a partially broken away, sectional view taken along lines  28 - 30 - 28 - 30  of  FIG. 26  wherein the pocket plate is non-rotating, the slide plate is actuated in a clockwise direction to disengage the reverse strut and the notch plate rotates counter-clockwise in an overrun condition (i.e., one-way overrun condition); 
       FIG. 29  is a view similar to the view of  FIG. 28  except the notch plate rotates clockwise and the forward strut locks (i.e., one-way lock condition); and 
       FIG. 30  is a view similar to the views of  FIGS. 28 and 29  wherein the slide plate is activated counter-clockwise to allow the reverse strut to engage, the notch plate rotates counter-clockwise until both struts are locked (i.e., the full lock condition). 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIGS. 1 and 2  show a pocket plate or inner member, generally indicated at  10 , of a overrunning radial coupling or clutch assembly, generally indicated at  12 , constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. An outer member or notch plate, generally indicated at  14 , is mounted for rotation about a first axis  16  and is located adjacent the pocket plate  10  in radially inner and radially outer relationship. The notch plate  14  may be drivably connected to a source of torque (not shown). This driving connection is established by external splines  18  formed on the notch plate  14 , which drivably engage splines on the source torque. The pocket plate  10  may be stationary or rotatable about the first axis  16  and is provided with internal splines  19 . 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 2 and 4 , an actuator (not shown) may be drivably connected to a slide or control element or plate, generally indicated at  20 , via a slide plate lever  22 , which is connected to the control member or plate  20 , thereby causing the control plate  20  to be adjusted angularly with respect to the first axis  16  (about which the plates  14  and  20  are rotatable, as shown in  FIG. 2 ). The control plate  20  is disposed between the plates  10  and  14  for limited angular rotation relative to and between the plates  10  and  14 . 
   The plate  14  can overrun or free-wheel in one angular direction about the axis  16  relative to the plate  10  as shown by arrow  24  in  FIG. 5 . The one-way free-wheeling motion is achieved in an operating mode when the actuator adjusts the angular position of the control plate  20  relative to the pocket plate  10  (via the lever  22 ) about the axis  16  to a first angular position (i.e., one-way overrun or disengaged position), as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     FIG. 6  illustrates a one-way lock condition in the first angular position of the control plate  20  wherein the plate  14  rotates relative to the plate  10  in the direction of the arrow  26 . 
     FIG. 7  illustrates a second angular position (i.e., fully locked or engaged position) of the control plate  20  relative to the pocket plate  10 . 
     FIG. 4  illustrates the clutch or coupling assembly  12  in an exploded view. The notch plate  14  has an inner peripheral surface  25  with one or more notches  28  formed therein and separated by common walls  29 , as shown in  FIGS. 5-7 . The pocket plate  10  is adapted to be received in the notch plate  14 . 
   The pocket plate  10  has an outer peripheral surface  30  with one or more elongated recesses  32  formed therein. Adjacent recesses are separated by a common wall  33 . Located intermediate the peripheral surfaces  25  and  30  of the plate  14  and the plate  10 , respectively, is the control or slide plate  20 . 
   There are preferably fourteen struts or pawls received and retained in fourteen recesses  32  in the pocket plate  10 . Seven of the pawls are forward pawls, generally indicated at  34 , for locking the plates  10  and  14  in the direction  26  (i.e.,  FIG. 6 ) about the axis  16  and seven of the struts are reverse struts, generally indicated at  36 , opposed to their respective forward struts  34  for allowing one-way overrun in the direction  24  (i.e.,  FIG. 5 ) about the axis  16 . Each recess  32  preferably receives and retains either one forward strut  34  or one reverse strut  36 , which opposes its respective strut. 
   Each of the pawls  34  and  36  includes a lobed mounting end  35  and a locking end  37 . Each mounting end  35  is designed to be held within its respective pawl-holding portion of the plate  10  while each locking end  37  is designed to be received within its respective pawl-receiving portion of the plate  14 . While the drawing  FIGS. 1-7  show both forward and reverse struts  34  and  36 , respectively, held in the plate  10 , one or both of the struts  34  and  36  could alternatively be held in the plate  14  as described herein below without departing from the scope of the present invention. 
   Referring to  FIG. 4 , the control plate  20  includes a ring portion  42  and seven control portions  44  which define seven elongated apertures  46  therebetween. The control portions  44  are equally spaced and arranged angularly about the axis  16 . When the control plate  20  is appropriately positioned angularly about the axis  16 , one aperture  46  will be disposed directly over a pair of adjacent recesses  32  (i.e., see  FIG. 7 ). The apertures  46  and the notches  28  are sized so that the ends  37  of the pawls  34  and  36  can enter adjacent notches  28  (within the pawl-receiving portions) in the notch plate  14  and engage edges of the notches  28  to establish a locking action between the pawls  34  and  36  and the plate  14  that will lock the plate  14  and the plate  10  in both directions about the axis  16 . 
   If the control plate  20  is rotated to a different angular position, as shown in  FIG. 5 , both pawls  34  and  36  rotate radially inwardly into their adjacent recesses  32 . The pawl  36  is at least partially covered by one of the control portions  44  of the control plate  20  and is prevented from moving radially outwardly. The pawl  34  rotates inwardly due to its engagement with the inner peripheral surface  25  of the outer member  14 . When the control plate  20  is thus positioned, the plate  14  can free-wheel, in the direction of the arrow  24  about the axis  16  with respect to the plate  10 . In  FIG. 6 , the notch plate  14  rotates in the direction of arrow  26  and the forward strut  34  locks. 
   Although any suitable strut spring may be used with one embodiment of the invention, FIGS.  3  and  5 - 7  show strut coil springs  48  used in this embodiment of the invention. One spring  48  is located under each of the pawls  34  and  36  within recesses  50  formed in the recesses  32 . 
   When the pocket plate  10  is received within the notch plate  14  with the control plate  20  therebetween, the plates  10  and  14  are held axially fast by retainer ring or snap-ring  56 . The snap-ring  56  is received and retained in an external groove  58  formed in the notch plate  14 , the groove  58  being seen in  FIG. 2 . 
   When assembled, the control portions  44  of the plate  20  are located within cavities  60  formed in the outer peripheral surface  30  of the pocket plate  10 . The angularly spaced, outer peripheral control portions  44  are disposed in the cavities  60  so that the control plate  20  can slide angularly about the axis  16  of the assembly  12 . 
   What follows is a detailed description of the second embodiment wherein parts of the second embodiment with the same or similar structure and/or function as those parts of the first embodiment have the same reference number but a single prime designation. 
     FIGS. 8 and 9  show a notch plate or inner member, generally indicated at  10 ′, of a overrunning radial coupling or clutch assembly, generally indicated at  12 ′, constructed in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. An outer member or pocket plate, generally indicated at  14 ′, is mounted for rotation about a first axis  16 ′ and is located adjacent the notch plate  10 ′ in radially inner and radially outer relationship. The pocket plate  14 ′ may be drivably connected to a source of torque (not shown). This driving connection is established by external splines  18 ′ formed on the pocket plate  14 ′, which drivably engage splines on the source torque. The notch plate  10 ′ may be stationary or rotatable about the first axis  16 ′ and is provided with internal splines  19 ′. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 9 , an actuator (not shown) may be drivably connected to a slide or control element or plate, generally indicated at  20 ′, via a slide plate lever  22 ′, which is connected to the control member or plate  20 ′, thereby causing the control plate  20 ′ to be adjusted angularly with respect to the first axis  16 ′ (about which the plates  14 ′ and  20 ′ are rotatable, as shown in  FIG. 9 ). The control plate  20 ′ is disposed between the plates  10 ′ and  14 ′ for limited angular rotation relative to and between the plates  10 ′ and  14 ′. 
   The plate  14 ′ can overrun or free-wheel in one angular direction about the axis  16 ′ relative to the plate  10 ′ as shown by arrow  24 ′ in  FIG. 11 . The one-way free-wheeling motion is achieved in an operating mode when the actuator adjusts the angular position of the control plate  20 ′ relative to the notch plate  10 ′ (via the lever  22 ′) about the axis  16 ′ to a first angular position (i.e., one-way overrun or disengaged position), as shown in  FIG. 11 . 
     FIG. 11  illustrates a one-way lock condition in the first angular position of the control plate  20 ′ wherein the plate  14 ′ rotates relative to the plate  10 ′ in the direction of the arrow  26 ′. 
     FIG. 13  illustrates a second angular position (i.e., fully locked or engaged position) of the control plate  20 ′ relative to the notch plate  10 ′. 
     FIG. 10  illustrates the clutch or coupling assembly  12 ′ in an exploded view. The notch plate  10 ′ has an outer peripheral surface  25 ′ with one or more notches  28 ′ formed therein and separated by common walls  29 ′, as further shown in  FIGS. 11-13 . The notch plate  10 ′ is adapted to be received in the pocket plate  14 ′. 
   The pocket plate  14 ′ has an inner peripheral surface  30 ′ with one or more elongated recesses  32 ′ formed therein. Adjacent recesses are separated by a common wall  33 ′. Located intermediate the peripheral surfaces  25 ′ and  30 ′ of the plate  10 ′ and the plate  14 ′, respectively, is the control or slide plate  20 ′. 
   There are preferably fourteen struts or pawls received and retained in fourteen recesses  32 ′ in the pocket plate  14 ′. Seven of the pawls are forward pawls, generally indicated at  34 ′, for locking the plates  10 ′ and  14 ′ and in the direction  26 ′ (i.e.,  FIG. 12 ) about the axis  16 ′ and seven of the struts are reverse struts, generally indicated at  36 ′, opposed to their respective forward struts  34 ′ for allowing one-way overrun in the direction  24 ′ (i.e.,  FIG. 11 ) about the axis  16 ′. Each recess  32 ′ preferably receives and retains either one forward strut  34 ′ or one reverse strut  36 ′, which opposes its respective strut. 
   Each of the pawls  34 ′ and  36 ′ includes a rectangular mounting end  35 ′ and a locking end  37 ′. Each mounting end  35 ′ is designed to be held within its respective pawl-holding portion of the plate  14 ′ while each locking end  37 ′ is designed to be received within its respective pawl-receiving portion of the plate  10 ′. 
   Referring to  FIG. 10 , the control plate  20 ′ includes a ring portion  42 ′ and seven control portions  44 ′ which define seven elongated apertures  46 ′ therebetween. The control portions  44 ′ are equally spaced and arranged angularly about the axis  16 ′. When the control plate  20 ′ is appropriately positioned angularly about the axis  16 ′, one aperture  46 ′ will be disposed directly over a pair of adjacent recesses  32 ′ (i.e., see  FIG. 13 ). The apertures  46 ′ and the notches  28 ′ are sized so that the ends  37 ′ of the pawls  34 ′ and  36 ′ can enter adjacent notches  28 ′ (within the pawl-receiving portions) in the notch plate  10 ′ and engage edges of the notches  28 ′ to establish a locking action between the pawls  34 ′ and  36 ′ and the plate  10 ′ that will lock the plate  14 ′ and the plate  10 ′ in both directions about the axis  16 ′. 
   If the control plate  20 ′ is rotated to a different angular position, as shown in  FIG. 11 , both pawls  34 ′ and  36 ′ rotate radially outwardly into their adjacent recesses  32 ′. The pawl  34 ′ is at least partially covered by one of the control portions  44 ′ of the control plate  20 ′ and is prevented from moving radially inwardly. The pawl  36 ′ rotates outwardly due to its engagement with the outer peripheral surface  25 ′ of the inner member  10 ′. When the control plate  20 ′ is thus positioned, the plate  14 ′ can free-wheel, in the direction of the arrow  24 ′ about the axis  16 ′ with respect to the plate  10 ′. In  FIG. 12 , the pocket plate  14 ′ rotates in the direction of arrow  26 ′ and the reverse strut  36 ′ locks. 
   Although any suitable strut spring can be used with the invention,  FIGS. 11-13  show strut coil springs  48 ′ used in this embodiment of the invention. One spring  48 ′ is located over each of the pawls  34 ′ and  36 ′ within recesses  50 ′ formed in the recesses  32 ′. 
   When the notch plate  10 ′ is received within the pocket plate  14 ′ with the control plate  20 ′ therebetween, the plates  10 ′ and  14 ′ are held axially fast by retainer ring or snap-ring  56 ′. The snap-ring  56 ′ is received and retained in an external groove  58 ′ formed in the pocket plate  14 ′, the groove  58 ′ being seen in  FIG. 9 . 
   When assembled, the control portions  44 ′ of the plate  20 ′ are located within cavities  60 ′ formed in the outer peripheral surface  25 ′ of the notch plate  10 ′. The angularly spaced, outer peripheral control portions  44 ′ are disposed in the cavities  60 ′ so that the control plate  20 ′ can slide angularly about the axis  16 ′ of the assembly  12 ′. 
   What follows is a detailed description of the third embodiment wherein parts of the third embodiment with the same or similar structure and/or function as those parts of the first two embodiments have the same reference number but a double prime designation. 
     FIGS. 14 and 15  show an external plate or inner member, generally indicated at  10 ″, of a overrunning radial coupling or clutch assembly, generally indicated at  12 ″, constructed in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention. An outer member or plate, generally indicated at  14 ″, is mounted for rotation about a first axis  16 ″ and is located adjacent the inner plate  10 ″ in radially inner and radially outer relationship. The outer plate  14 ″ may be drivably connected to a source of torque (not shown). This driving connection is established by external splines  18 ″ formed on the outer plate  14 ″, which drivably engage splines on the source torque. The inner plate  10 ″ may be stationary or rotatable about the first axis  16 ″ and is provided with internal splines  19 ″. 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 15 and 16 , an actuator (not shown) may be drivably connected to a slide or control element or plate, generally indicated at  20 ″, via a slide plate lever  22 ″, which is connected to the control member or plate  20 ″, thereby causing the control plate  20 ″ to be adjusted angularly with respect to the first axis  16 ″ (about which the plates  14 ″ and  20 ″ are rotatable, as shown in  FIG. 15 ). The control plate  20 ″ is disposed between the plates  10 ″ and  14 ″ for limited angular rotation relative to and between the plates  10 ″ and  14 ″. 
   The plate  14 ″ can overrun or free-wheel in one angular direction about the axis  16 ″ relative to the plate  10 ″ as shown by arrow  24 ″ in  FIG. 17 . The one-way free-wheeling motion is achieved in an operating mode when the actuator adjusts the angular position of the control plate  20 ″ relative to the inner plate  10 ″ (via the lever  22 ″) about the axis  16 ″ to a first angular position (i.e., one-way overrun or disengaged position), as shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     FIG. 18  illustrates a one-way lock condition in the first angular position of the control plate  20 ″ wherein the plate  14 ″ rotates relative to the plate  10 ″ in the direction of the arrow  26 ″. 
     FIG. 19  illustrates a second angular position (i.e., fully locked or engaged position) of the control plate  20 ″ relative to the inner plate  10 ″. 
     FIG. 16  illustrates the clutch or coupling assembly  12 ″ in an exploded view. The outer plate  14 ″ has an inner peripheral surface  25 ″ with one or more sloped notches  28 ″ formed therein and one or more elongated recesses  32 ″ formed therein separated by common walls  29 ″, as shown in  FIGS. 17-19 . The inner plate  10 ″ is adapted to be received in the outer plate  14 ″. 
   The inner plate  10 ″ has an outer sloped peripheral surface  30 ″ with one or more elongated recesses  32 ″ formed therein and one or more notches  28 ″ formed therein. Notches  28 ″ adjacent to the recesses  32 ″ are separated by a common wall  33 ″. Located intermediate the peripheral surfaces  25 ″ and  30 ″ of the plate  14 ″ and the plate  10 ″, respectively, is the control or slide plate  20 ″. 
   There are preferably fourteen struts or pawls received and retained in fourteen recesses  32 ″ in the plates  10 ″ and  14 ″. Seven of the pawls are forward pawls, generally indicated at  34 ″, positioned in the plate  14 ″ for locking the plates  10 ″ and  14 ″ in the direction  26 ″ (i.e.,  FIG. 18 ) about the axis  16 ″ and seven of the struts are reverse struts, generally indicated at  36 ″, positioned in the plate  10 ″ adjacent to their respective forward struts  34 ″ for allowing one-way overrun in the direction  24 ″ (i.e.,  FIG. 17 ) about the axis  16 ″. Each recess  32 ″ preferably receives and retains either one forward strut  34 ″ or one reverse strut  36 ″, adjacent its respective opposite strut. 
   Each of the pawls  34 ″ and  36 ″ includes a rectangular mounting end  35 ″ and a locking end  37 ″. Each mounting end  35 ″ is designed to be held within its respective pawl-holding portion of either the plate  10 ″ or the plate  14 ″ while each locking end  37 ″ is designed to be received within its respective pawl-receiving portion of either the plate  14 ″ or the plate  10 ″. 
   Referring to  FIG. 16 , the control plate  20 ″ includes a ring portion  42 ″ and seven control portions  44 ″ which define seven elongated apertures  46 ″. The control portions  44 ″ are equally spaced and arranged angularly about the axis  16 ″. When the control plate  20 ″ is appropriately positioned angularly about the axis  16 ″, one aperture  46 ″ will be disposed directly over a pair of recesses  32 ″ on the plates  10 ″ and  14 ″ (i.e., see  FIG. 19 ). The apertures  46 ″ and the notches  28 ″ are sized so that the ends  37 ″ of the pawls  34 ″ and  36 ″ can enter notches  28 ″ (within the pawl-receiving portions) in the plates  10 ″ and  14 ″, respectively, and engage edges of the notches  28 ″ to establish a locking action between the pawls  34 ″ and  36 ″ and the plates  10 ″ and  14 ″, respectively, that will lock the plate  14 ″ and the plate  10 ″ in both directions about the axis  16 ″. 
   If the control plate  20 ″ is rotated to a different angular position, as shown in  FIG. 17 , the pawl  34 ″ rotates radially outwardly and the pawl  36 ″ rotates radially inwardly into their adjacent recesses  32 ″. The pawl  36 ″ is at least partially covered by one of the control portions  44 ″ of the control plate  20 ″ and is prevented from moving radially outwardly. The pawl  34 ″ rotates radially outwardly due to its engagement with the outer peripheral surface  30 ″ of the inner member  10 ″. When the control plate  20 ″ is thus positioned, the plate  14 ″ can free-wheel, in the direction of the arrow  24 ″ about the axis  16 ″ with respect to the plate  10 ″. In  FIG. 18 , the outer plate  14 ″ rotates in the direction of arrow  26 ″ and the forward strut  34 ″ locks. 
   Although any suitable strut spring can be used with the invention,  FIGS. 17-19  show strut coil springs  48 ″ used in this embodiment of the invention. One spring  48 ″ is located under each of the pawls  34 ″ and  36 ″ within recesses  50 ″ formed in the recesses  32 ″. 
   When the inner plate  10 ″ is received within the outer plate  14 ″ with the control plate  20 ″ therebetween, the plates  10 ″ and  14 ″ are held axially fast by a retainer ring or snap-ring  56 ″. The snap-ring  56 ″ is received and retained in an external groove  58 ″ formed in the outer plate  14 ″, the groove  58 ″ being seen in  FIG. 15 . 
   When assembled, the control portions  44 ″ of the plate  20 ″ are located within cavities  60 ″ formed in the outer peripheral surface  30 ″ of the plate  10 ″. The angularly spaced, outer peripheral control portions  44 ″ are disposed in the cavities  60 ″ so that the control plate  20 ″ can slide angularly about the axis  16 ″ of the assembly  12 ″. 
   What follows is a detailed description of the fourth embodiment wherein parts of the fourth embodiment with the same or similar structure and/or function as those parts of the first three embodiments have the same reference number but a triple prime designation. 
     FIGS. 20 and 21  show a pocket plate or inner member, generally indicated at  10 ′″, of a overrunning radial coupling or clutch assembly, generally indicated at  12 ′″, constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. An outer member or notch plate, generally indicated at  14 ′″, is mounted for rotation about a first axis  16 ′″ and is located adjacent the pocket plate  10 ′″ in radially inner and radially outer relationship. The notch plate  14 ′″ may be drivably connected to a source of torque (not shown). This driving connection is established by external splines  18 ′″ formed on the notch plate  14 ′″, which drivably engage splines on the source torque. The pocket plate  10 ′″ may be stationary or rotatable about the first axis  16 ′″ and is provided with internal splines  19 ′″. 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 21 and 22 , an actuator (not shown) may be drivably connected to a slide or control element or plate, generally indicated at  20 ′″, via a slide plate lever  22 ′″, which is connected to the control member or plate  20 ′″, thereby causing the control plate  20 ′″ to be adjusted angularly with respect to the first axis  16 ′″ (about which the plates  14 ′″ and  20 ′″ are rotatable, as shown in  FIG. 21 ). The control plate  20 ′″ is disposed between the plates  10 ′″ and  14 ′″ for limited angular rotation relative to and between the plates  10 ′″ and  14 ′″. 
   The plate  14 ′″ can overrun or free-wheel in a counter-clockwise direction about the axis  16 ′″ relative to the plate  10 ′″ as shown in  FIG. 23 . The one-way free-wheeling motion is achieved in an operating mode when the actuator adjusts the angular position of the control plate  20 ′″ relative to the pocket plate  10 ′″ (via the lever  22 ′″) about the axis  16 ′″ to a first angular position (i.e., one-way overrun or disengaged position), as shown in  FIG. 23 . 
     FIG. 24  illustrates a second angular position (i.e., fully locked or engaged position) of the control plate  20 ′″ relative to the pocket plate  10 ′″. 
     FIG. 22  illustrates the clutch or coupling assembly  12 ′″ in an exploded view. The notch plate  14 ′″ has an inner peripheral surface  25 ′″ with one or more notches  28 ′″ formed therein and separated by common walls  29 ′″, as shown in  FIGS. 23-24 . The pocket plate  10 ′″ is adapted to be received in the notch plate  14 ′″. 
   The pocket plate  10 ′″ has an outer peripheral surface  30 ′″ with one or more elongated recesses  32 ′″ formed therein. Adjacent recesses are separated by a common wall  33 ′″. Located intermediate the peripheral surfaces  25 ′″ and  30 ′″ of the plate  14 ′″ and the plate  10 ′″, respectively, is the control or slide plate  20 ′″. 
   There are preferably fourteen struts or pawls received and retained in fourteen recesses  32 ′″ in the pocket plate  10 ′″. Seven of the pawls are forward pawls, generally indicated at  34 ′″, for locking the plates  10 ′″ and  14 ′″ and seven of the struts are reverse struts, generally indicated at  36 ′″, opposed to their respective forward struts  34 ′″ for allowing one-way overrun in the counter-clockwise direction (i.e.,  FIG. 23 ) about the axis  16 ′″. Each recess  32 ′″ preferably receives and retains either one forward strut  34 ′″ or one reverse strut  36 ′″, which opposes its respective strut. 
   Each of the pawls  34 ′″ and  36 ′″ includes a rectangular mounting end  35 ′″ and a locking end  37 ′″. Each mounting end  35 ′″ is designed to be held within its respective pawl-holding portion of the plate  10 ′″ while each locking end  37 ′″ is designed to be received within its respective pawl-receiving portion of the plate  14 ′″. 
   Referring to  FIG. 22 , the control plate  20 ′″ includes a ring portion  42 ′″, seven control portions  44 ′″ which define seven elongated apertures  46 ′″ and seven actuator portions  47 ′″. The control portions  44 ′″ are equally spaced and arranged angularly about the axis  16 ′″. When the control plate  20 ′″ is appropriately positioned angularly about the axis  16 ′″, one aperture  46 ′″ will be disposed directly over a pair of adjacent recesses  32 ′″ (i.e., see  FIG. 24 ). The apertures  46 ′″ and the notches  28 ′″ are sized so that the ends  37 ′″ of the pawls  34 ′″ and  36 ′″ can enter adjacent notches  28 ′″ (within the pawl-receiving portions) in the notch plate  14 ′″ and engage edges of the notches  28 ′″ to establish a locking action between the pawls  34 ′″ and  36 ′″ and the plate  14 ′″ that will lock the plate  14 ′″ and the plate  10 ′″ in both directions about the axis  16 ′″. 
   The actuator portions  47 ′″ are also equally spaced and arranged angularly about the axis  16 ′″. When the control plate  20 ′″ is appropriately positioned angularly about the axis  16 ′″, one actuator portion  47 ′″ will be disposed under a ridge portion  49 ′″ of the plate  10 ′″ away from the lower surface of the mounting end  35 ′″ of each forward strut  34 ′″ (i.e., see  FIG. 24 ). 
   If the control plate  20 ″″ is rotated to a different angular position, as shown in  FIG. 23 , both pawls  34 ′″ and  36 ′″ rotate radially inwardly into their adjacent recesses  32 ′″. The pawl  36 ′″ is at least partially covered by one of the control portions  44 ′″ of the control plate  20 ′″ and is prevented from moving radially outwardly. The pawl  34 ′″ rotates radially inwardly due to its engagement with the inner peripheral surface  25 ′″ of the outer member  14 ′″ as well as its engagement with the actuator portion  47 ′″ at the lower surface of its mounting end  35 ′″. When the control plate  20 ′″ is thus positioned, the plate  14 ′″ can free-wheel about the axis  16 ′″ with respect to the plate  10 ′″. 
   Although any suitable strut spring can be used with the invention,  FIGS. 23 and 24  show strut coil springs  48 ′″ used in this embodiment of the invention. One spring  48 ′″ is located under each of the pawls  34 ′″ and  36 ′″ within recesses  50 ′″ formed in the recesses  32 ′″. 
   When the pocket plate  10 ′″ is received within the notch plate  14 ′″ with the control plate  20 ′″ therebetween, the plates  10 ′″ and  14 ′″ are held axially fast by retainer ring or snap-ring  56 ′″. The snap-ring  56 ′″ is received and retained in an external groove  58 ′″ formed in the notch plate  14 ′″, the groove  58 ′″ being seen in  FIG. 21 . 
   When assembled, the control portions  44 ′″ of the plate  20 ′″ are located within cavities  60 ′″ formed in the outer peripheral surface  30 ′″ of the pocket plate  10 ′″. The angularly spaced, outer peripheral control portions  44 ′″ are disposed in the cavities  60 ′″ so that the control plate  20 ′″ can slide angularly about the axis  16 ′″ of the assembly  12 ′″. 
   What follows is a detailed description of the fifth embodiment wherein parts of the fifth embodiment with the same or similar structure and/or function as those parts of the first four embodiments have the same reference number but a quadruple prime designation. 
     FIGS. 25 and 26  show a pocket plate or inner member, generally indicated at  10 ′″, of a overrunning radial coupling or clutch assembly, generally indicated at  12 ′″, constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. An outer member or notch plate, generally indicated at  14 ″″, is mounted for rotation about a first axis  16 ″″ and is located adjacent the pocket plate  10 ″″ in radially inner and radially outer relationship. The notch plate  14 ″″ may be drivably connected to a source of torque (not shown). This driving connection is established by external splines  18 ″″ formed on the notch plate  14 ″″, which drivably engage splines on the source torque. The pocket plate  10 ″″ may be stationary or rotatable about the first axis  16 ″″ and is provided with internal splines  19 ″″. 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 26 and 27 , an actuator (not shown) may be drivably connected to a slide or control element or plate, generally indicated at  20 ″″, via a slide plate lever  22 ″″, which is connected to the control member or plate  20 ″″, thereby causing the control plate  20 ″″ to be adjusted angularly with respect to the first axis  16 ″″ (about which the plates  14 ″″ and  20 ″″ are rotatable, as shown in  FIG. 26 ). The control plate  20 ″″ is disposed between the plates  10 ″″ and  14 ″″ for limited angular rotation relative to and between the plates  10 ″″ and  14 ″″. 
   The plate  14 ″″ can overrun or free-wheel in one angular direction about the axis  16 ″″ relative to the plate  10 ″″ as shown by arrow  24 ″″ in  FIG. 28 . The one-way free-wheeling motion is achieved in an operating mode when the actuator adjusts the angular position of the control plate  20 ″″ relative to the pocket plate  10 ″″ (via the lever  22 ″″) about the axis  16 ″″ to a first angular position (i.e., one-way overrun or disengaged position), as shown in  FIG. 28 . 
     FIG. 29  illustrates a one-way lock condition in the first angular position of the control plate  20 ″″ wherein the plate  14 ″″ rotates relative to the plate  10 ″″ in the direction of the arrow  26 ″″. 
     FIG. 30  illustrates a second angular position (i.e., fully locked or engaged position) of the control plate  20 ″″ relative to the pocket plate  10 ″″. 
     FIG. 27  illustrates the clutch or coupling assembly  12 ″″ in an exploded view. The notch plate  14 ″″ has an inner peripheral surface  25 ″″ with one or more notches  28 ″″ formed therein and separated by common walls  29 ″″, as shown in  FIGS. 28-30 . The pocket plate  10 ″″ is adapted to be received in the notch plate  14  ″″. 
   The pocket plate  10 ″″ has an outer peripheral surface  30 ″″ with one or more elongated recesses  32 ″″ formed therein. Adjacent recesses are separated by a common wall  33 ″″. Located intermediate the peripheral surfaces  25 ″″ and  30 ″″ of the plate  14 ″″ and the plate  10 ″″, respectively, is the control or slide plate  20 ″″. 
   There are preferably fourteen struts or pawls received and retained in fourteen recesses  32 ″″ in the pocket plate  10 ″″. Seven of the pawls are forward pawls, generally indicated at  34 ″″, for locking the plates  10 ″″ and  14 ″″ in the direction  26 ″″ (i.e.,  FIG. 29 ) about the axis  16 ″″ and seven of the struts are reverse struts, generally indicated at  36 ″″, opposed to their respective forward struts  34 ″″ for allowing one-way overrun in the direction  24 ″″ (i.e.,  FIG. 28 ) about the axis  16 ″″. Each recess  32 ″″ preferably receives and retains either one forward strut  34 ″″ or one reverse strut  36 ″″, which opposes its respective strut. 
   Each of the pawls  34 ″″ and  36 ″″ includes a rectangular mounting end  35 ″″ and a locking end  37 ″″. Each mounting end  35 ″″ is designed to be held within its respective pawl-holding portion of the plate  10 ″″ while each locking end  37 ″″ is designed to be received within its respective pawl-receiving portion of the plate  14 ″″. 
   Referring to  FIG. 27 , the control plate  20 ″″ includes a ring portion  42 ″″ and seven control portions  44 ″″ which define seven elongated apertures  46 ″″. The control portions  44 ″″ are equally spaced and arranged angularly about the axis  16 ″″. When the control plate  20 ″″ is appropriately positioned angularly about the axis  16 ″″, one aperture  46 ″″ will be disposed directly over a pair of adjacent recesses  32 ″″ (i.e., see  FIG. 30 ). The apertures  46 ″″ and the notches  28 ″″ are sized so that the ends  37 ″″ of the pawls  34 ″″ and  36 ″″ can enter adjacent notches  28 ″″ (within the pawl-receiving portions) in the notch plate  14 ″″ and engage edges of the notches  28 ″″ to establish a locking action between the pawls  34 ″″ and  36 ″″ and the plate  14 ″″ that will lock the plate  14 ″″ and the plate  10 ″″ in both directions about the axis  16 ″″. 
   If the control plate  20 ″″ is rotated to a different angular position, as shown in  FIG. 28 , both pawls  34 ″″ and  36 ″″ rotate radially inwardly into their adjacent recesses  32 ″″. The pawl  36 ″″ is at least partially covered by one of the control portions  44 ″″ of the control plate  20 ″″ and is prevented from moving radially outwardly. The pawl  34 ″″ rotates radially inwardly due to its engagement with the inner peripheral surface  25 ″″ of the outer member  14 ″″. When the control plate  20 ″″ is thus positioned, the plate  14 ″″ can free-wheel, in the direction of the arrow  24 ″″ about the axis  16 ″″ with respect to the plate  10 ″″. In  FIG. 29 , the notch plate  14 ″″ rotates in the direction of arrow  26 ″″ and the forward strut  34 ″″ locks. 
   Although any suitable strut spring can be used with the invention,  FIGS. 28-30  show strut coil springs  48 ″″ used in this embodiment of the invention. One spring  48 ″″ is located under each of the pawls  34 ″″ and  36 ″″ within recesses  50 ″″ formed in the recesses  32 ″″. 
   When the pocket plate  10 ″″ is received within the notch plate  14 ″″ with the control plate  20 ″″ therebetween, the plates  10 ″″ and  14 ″″ are held axially fast by a retainer ring or snap-ring  56 ″″. The snap-ring  56 ″″ is received and retained in an external groove  58 ″″ formed in the notch plate  14 ″″, the groove  58 ″″ being seen in  FIG. 26 . 
   When assembled, the control portions  44 ″″ of the plate  20 ″″ are located within cavities  60 ″″ formed in the outer peripheral surface  30 ″″ of the pocket plate  10 ″″. The angularly spaced, outer peripheral control portions  44 ″″ are disposed in the cavities  60 ″″ so that the control plate  20 ″″ can slide angularly about the axis  16 ″″ of the assembly  12 ″″. 
   While embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended that these embodiments illustrate and describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.