Abstract:
A integrated camera module ( 10, 10   a ) for capturing video images in very small digital cameras, cell phones, personal digital assistants, and the like. A lens assembly ( 24, 24   a ) is rigidly affixed in relation to a sensor array area ( 14 ) of a camera chip ( 12 ) by a molding ( 26 ). The molding ( 26 ) is formed on the camera chip ( 12 ), and optionally on a printed circuit board ( 16, 16   a ) on which the camera chip ( 12 ) is mounted. The lens assembly ( 24, 24   a ) is held in place in a recess ( 29 ) of the molding ( 26 ) by an adhesive ( 28 ). The molding ( 26 ) is formed such that a precise gap ( 30 ) exists between the lens assembly ( 24 ) and a sensor array area ( 14 ) of the camera chip ( 12 ).

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0002]     The present invention relates generally to the field of digital camera devices, and more particularly to a novel combined array chip and lens apparatus. The predominant current application for the inventive integrated lens and chip assembly is in the production of low cost cameras, wherein the ability to produce high quality pictures without expensive or complicated camera assemblies is an important factor.  
         [0003]     2. Description of the Background Art  
         [0004]     Very small digital camera modules, adapted for use in small inexpensive cameras, cell phones, hand held devices, and the like, are greatly in demand. In the prior art, such modules have included generally conventional integrated chip and/or chip on board assemblies, which are enclosed in a mechanical housing. A lens block or assembly is attached to the chip housing and mechanically aligned thereto. This arrangement requires a significant quantity of parts used in the attachment process. It also generally requires some sort of attachment apparatus or jig for holding the pieces in alignment while they are attached. It is also very labor intensive. Additionally, the attachment mechanism is generally rather delicate and can easily be jarred out of position if the resulting device is dropped, or the like.  
         [0005]     It would be desirable to have a method for producing a small camera module which is small in size, inexpensive to manufacture, and durable and reliable in operation. However, to the inventors&#39; knowledge, the above described arrangement of components is that being used in the production of such devices prior to the advent of the presently described invention.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0006]     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a camera module which is easy and inexpensive to manufacture.  
         [0007]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a camera module which can be very small in size.  
         [0008]     It is still another object of the present invention to provide a camera module, which is rugged and reliable in operation.  
         [0009]     It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a camera module in which the lens is accurately located, thereby providing for optimal picture quality without the need for active alignment.  
         [0010]     Briefly, an example of the present invention has a lens assembly, which is rigidly affixed in relationship to a camera chip using a molded component. The molded component is formed in place on a printed circuit board on which the camera chip is already mounted. The lens assembly is then inserted into the molded component and held in place therein by an adhesive. According to the present inventive method and apparatus, a lens is accurately affixed in relationship to the sensor surface of the camera chip using a minimum of components and a minimum of operations steps. The size of the resulting unit can be quite small and the unit is also rugged and reliable in operation.  
         [0011]     These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become clear to those skilled in the art in view of the description of modes of carrying out the invention, and the industrial applicability thereof, as described herein and as illustrated in the several figures of the drawing. The objects and/or advantages listed or discussed herein are not an exhaustive list of all possible objects or advantages of the invention. Moreover, it will be possible to practice the invention even where one or more of the intended objects and/or advantages might be absent or not required in the application.  
         [0012]     Further, those skilled in the art will recognize that various embodiments of the present invention may achieve one or more, but not necessarily all, of the above described objects and/or advantages. Accordingly, the listed objects and advantages are not essential elements of the present invention, and should not be construed as limitations.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0013]      FIG. 1  is a cross sectional side elevational view of an example of an integrated camera and lens assembly according to the present invention;  
         [0014]      FIG. 2  is a top plan view of a partially assembled integrated camera and lens assembly according to the present invention;  
         [0015]      FIG. 3  is a top plan view of another example of a PCB assembly according to the present invention;  
         [0016]      FIG. 4  is a bottom plan view of a flexible connector according to the present invention;  
         [0017]      FIG. 5  is a top plan view of an assembled flexible PCB apparatus;  
         [0018]      FIG. 6  is a top plan view of a substrate strip such as can be used to implement the present invention;  
         [0019]      FIG. 7  is a top plan view of a molding chase such as can be used to implement the present invention;  
         [0020]      FIG. 8  is a cross sectional side elevational view of one of the mold inserts of  FIG. 7 ;  
         [0021]      FIG. 9  is a top plan view showing the substrate strip of  FIG. 6  with a protective tape in place thereon;  
         [0022]      FIG. 10  is a cross sectional side elevational view of an alternative example of the inventive integrated camera and lens assembly;  
         [0023]      FIG. 11  is a flow diagram depicting the inventive method for producing an integrated camera and lens assembly;  
         [0024]      FIG. 12  is a flow chart summarizing one particular method for performing a camera chip mounting step of  FIG. 11 ;  
         [0025]      FIG. 13  is a flow chart summarizing one particular method for performing an overmolding lens mount step of  FIG. 11 ;  
         [0026]      FIG. 14  is a flow chart summarizing one particular method for performing a device separation step of  FIG. 11 ; and  
         [0027]      FIG. 15  is a flow chart summarizing one particular method for performing a lens mounting step of  FIG. 11 .  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0028]     This invention is described in the following description with reference to the Figures, in which like reference numbers represent the same or similar elements. While this invention is described in terms of modes for achieving this invention&#39;s objectives, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that variations may be accomplished in view of these teachings without deviating from the spirit or scope of the present invention. The embodiments and variations of the invention described herein, and/or shown in the drawings, are presented by way of example only and are not limiting as to the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specifically stated, individual aspects and components of the invention may be omitted or modified, or may have substituted therefore known equivalents, or as yet unknown substitutes such as may be developed in the future or such as may be found to be acceptable substitutes in the future. The invention may also be modified for a variety of applications while remaining within the spirit and scope of the claimed invention, since the range of potential applications is great, and since it is intended that the present invention be adaptable to many such variations.  
         [0029]     In the following description, details of some well known and/or commonly commercially available component parts have not been specifically discussed in detail, so as to avoid unnecessary complexity which might obscure disclosure of the true nature of the present invention. It should be noted that the diagrammatic representations in the drawings accompanying this description are not necessarily drawn in the scale and proportion which might be used in the actual practice of the invention. Rather the drawings are intended only to demonstrate the relative arrangement of certain aspects of the invention and to assist in the understanding of the important inventive aspects.  
         [0030]     A known mode for carrying out the invention is an integrated camera module. The inventive integrated camera module is depicted in a side elevational view in  FIG. 1  and is designated therein by the general reference character  10 . The integrated camera module  10  has a camera chip  12  which is, in and of itself, not different from other camera chips such as are now in use or such as might be developed in the future. One skilled in the art will recognize that the camera chip  12  will have thereon a sensor array area  14  and will also contain many of the additional components (timing, and the like) necessary or desirable for causing the sensor array area  14  to capture an image. In the example of  FIG. 1  the camera chip  12  is attached (as will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter) to a printed circuit board (“PCB”)  16 . The camera chip  12  is electrically connected to the PCB  16  by a plurality (only two of which are visible in the view of  FIG. 1 ) of wire bond attachment wires  17 .  
         [0031]     The PCB  16  has thereon a plurality of passive components  18  which, in conjunction with components on the camera chip  12 , constitute the internal circuitry of the integrated camera module  10 . Optionally, the PCB  16  can, in some applications, have a plurality (only a few of which are shown in the view of FIG. I for the sake of clarity) of bottom contact pads  20  for connecting the integrated camera module  10  electrically to external components (not shown), such as an operating button, optional flash circuitry, external digital memory, external control circuitry, or the like. Together, the above described components form a PCB assembly  22  which, in many respects, is not significantly different from those currently in use in similar camera modules.  
         [0032]     According to the present invention, a lens assembly  24  is positioned in relation to the PCB assembly  22  by molding  26  and held in place therein by an adhesive  28 . The molding  26  is formed by a molding material on the PCB assembly  22  as will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter. The molding  26  has dimensional tolerances sufficiently accurate such that when the lens assembly  24  is positioned within a recessed area  29  ( FIG. 2 ) in the molding  26 , as shown in the example of  FIG. 1 , then a gap  30  is appropriate for the focus of the lens assembly  24  in relation to the PCB assembly  22 . Optimal distance between the lens assembly  24  and the sensor array  14  is determined by the geometry and materials of the particular lenses used. The height of the gap  30  is a function of the placement of the lens assembly  24  in a Z dimension  32 , as can be seen in the view of  FIG. 1 , which placement will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter.  
         [0033]     Note that lens assembly  24  is not intended to depict any particular lens design, but rather is shown representationally for illustrative purposes. Depending on the particular design, lens assembly  24  can be formed from a single piece of material, can include one or more lenses mounted in a carrier (e.g.,  FIG. 10 ), or can inlcude additional optical components.  
         [0034]     A protective cover  33  is mounted over sensor array area  14 , to protect sensor array area  14  from damage during the manufacturing and assembly process. Preferably, protective cover  33  is formed from a robust, optically inactive material. In one particular embodiment, protective cover is a glass cover sheet, which can be mounted over sensor array area  14  either before or during the formation of molding  26 .  
         [0035]      FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic top plan view of the integrated camera module  10  of  FIG. 1  before the lens assembly  24  is positioned thereon. As can be seen in the view of  FIG. 2 , placement of the lens assembly  24  ( FIG. 1 ) in an X dimension  36  and a Y dimension  38  is accomplished by the position and tolerances of the recessed area  29  in the molding  26 . An aperture  38  in the molding  26  is provided such that the sensor array area  14  can be seen there through.  
         [0036]      FIG. 3  is a top plan view of another example of a PCB assembly  22   a . In the example of  FIG. 3  it can be seen that the camera chip  12  is affixed (by an adhesive, in this example) to the alternate PCB  16   a . A great plurality of the attachment wires  17  are connected to a like plurality of attachment pads  42  on the alternate PCB  16   a  for making electrical connection between the alternate PCB  16   a  and the camera chip  12 . The alternate PCB assembly  22   a  also has a plurality of attachment fingers  40  thereon for electrically connecting the alternate PCB assembly  22   a  to external circuitry. Unlike the example of  FIG. 1 , in the example of  FIG. 3 , all of the passive components  18  are located on one side of the camera chip  12 .  
         [0037]      FIG. 4  is as bottom plan view of a flex circuit  44 . The flex circuit  44  has a plurality of the attachment fingers  40  thereon for mating with the like plurality of attachment fingers  40  on the alternate PCB assembly. Furthermore, the flex circuit  44  has a plurality of edge connector pads  46  for connection to external circuitry.  
         [0038]      FIG. 5  is a top plan view of an assembled flex circuit assembly  48  having the alternate PCB assembly  22   a  of  FIG. 3  affixed to the flex circuit  44  of  FIG. 4 . It should be noted that the alternate PCB assembly  22   a  could be attached directly to a rigid circuit board, or the like, without the flex circuit  44 . However, in some applications, the flex circuit  44  will allow more freedom in the placement of the alternate PCB assembly  22   a . Furthermore, additional circuitry can be included on the flex circuit  44  as may be necessary or required. The flex circuit  44  will include traces (not shown) for providing electrical connection between the attachment fingers  40  and the edge connector pads  46  and, as discussed above, optional additional circuitry as required. In the view of  FIG. 5  it can be seen that, in the flex circuit assembly  48 , the alternate PCB assembly  22   a  is connected to the flex circuit  44  at a hot bar attachment point  50  such that the attachment fingers  40  (not visible in the view of  FIG. 5 ) mate as required. One skilled in the art will be familiar with the hot bar attachment method whereby the components are joined at the hot bar attachment point  50 .  
         [0039]      FIG. 6  is a top plan diagrammatic view of a substrate strip  52 . The substrate strip  52  has a plurality ( 100  in the example shown) of the individual PCBs  16   a  included therein. The substrate strip  54  also has a plurality ( 18  in this example) of alignment holes  54  for aligning the substrate strip  52  in one or more placement jigs (not shown).  
         [0040]      FIG. 7  is a top plan diagrammatic view of a mold chase  56  such as might be used to accomplish the present invention. The mold chase  56  is constructed of a metal such as stainless steel. The mold chase as adapted for holding in place a plurality ( 100  in this example) of mold inserts  58 . The mold inserts  58  are positioned such that one mold insert  58  is correctly aligned over each of the PCBs  16   a  on the substrate strip  52  ( FIG. 6 ) when the mold chase  56  is aligned over the substrate strip  52 .  
         [0041]      FIG. 8  is a diagrammatic side elevational view of one of the mold inserts  58  in position over one of the alternate PCB assemblies  22   a . As will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter, the alternate PCB assemblies  22   a  are constructed on the substrate strip  52 , except as noted herein, before the substrate strip  52  is separated into the individual alternate PCB assemblies  22   a . As can be seen in the view of  FIG. 8 , mold insert  58  is coated with a compliant, nonadherent layer of material  59 , to prevent damage to the underlying sensor  12  and/or to prevent adhesion of the molding  26  material to mold insert  58 . The specific material used for coating  59  will depend on the specific composition of molding  26 , as is known to those skilled in the art, and in some applications, coating material  59  can be omitted. Thus, coating material  59  is not considered to be an essential element of the present invention. It should be noted that the molding process, itself, is not peculiar to the present invention. In place molding techniques are well known in the art, and one skilled in the art will be familiar with the details necessary to properly form the molding  26  and equivalents discussed herein.  
         [0042]      FIG. 9  is a top plan view of an example of the substrate strip  52  with a protective tape  60  in place thereon to protect the PCB assemblies  16   a  (not visible in the view of  FIG. 9 ) during some assembly of the invention. Use of the protective tape  60  will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter in relation to the inventive method for producing the integrated camera module  10 .  
         [0043]      FIG. 10  is yet another example of an integrated camera module  10   a  according to the present invention. In the view of  FIG. 10  it can be seen that an alternate lens assembly  24   a  has a plastic lens housing  62 , a first lens  64  and a second lens  66 . One skilled in the art will recognize that the integrated camera module  10   a  will generally require two lenses. Therefore, an arrangement such as is illustrated in the view of  FIG. 10  is considered by the inventors to be optimal. However, the invention can be practiced using only one lens. The distance between the first lens  64  and the second lens  66  is fixed by the construction of the lens housing  62 . The distance between the first lens  64  and the camera chip  12  is set as will be discussed hereinafter. In the example of  FIG. 10 , an adhesive well  70  is provided around the circumference of the molding  26  for accepting the adhesive  28  which holds the lens assembly  24   a  in place within the molding  26 .  
         [0044]      FIG. 11  is a flow diagram depicting an example of the present inventive camera module construction method  100 . In this particular example, a plurality of camera modules are constructed at the same time. First, in a “camera chip mounting” operation  102 , one or more camera chips  12  are mounted to one or more PCBs  16   a , respectively ( FIG. 6 ). Next, in a “lens mount overmolding” operation  103 , a lens mount  26  is molded over each camera chip  12 . Then, in a “device separation” operation, the PCBs  16   a  are separated (e.g., sawn apart) from one another. Next, in a “lens mounting” operation  105 , a lens housing  62  is mounted into each lens mount molding  26  ( FIG. 10 ). Finally, in a “packaging” operation  106 , the completed integrated camera modules  10   a  are packaged for shipment to the makers of miniature cameras, telephone cameras, and the like, or optionally for attachment to the flex circuit  44  as previously discussed herein.  
         [0045]      FIG. 12  is a flow chart summarizing one particular method  107  for performing camera chip mounting operation  102  of method  100 . First, in a “protective cover position” operation, protective cover  33  is positioned over camera chip  12  ( FIG. 10 ). Optionally, protective cover  33  can be positioned during lens mount overmolding operation  103 , at another point in camera chip mounting operation  102 , or omitted. Next, in a “solder paste print” operation  110  solder paste traces are printed on the individual PCBs  16   a  of the substrate strip  52 . In a “passive attach” operation  112  the passive components  18  are placed on the PCBs  16   a . In a “reflow” operation  114 , the substrate strip  52  is subjected to a reflow soldering operation, and in a “cleaner” operation  116 , the substrate strip  52  is subjected to conventional cleaning following the reflow soldering process  114 .  
         [0046]     In a “die bonding” operation  118  the camera chips  12  are bonded (by an adhesive in this example) to the respective PCBs  16   a . In an “oven curing” operation  120 , the adhesive applied in the previous operation is cured in an oven. In a “plasma cleaning” operation  122  surfaces to which wires are to be bonded (in subsequent operations) are etched using inert gasses. In a “wire bonding” operation  124  the attachment wires  17  are bonded using thermosonic bonding. In a second “plasma cleaning” operation  126  the PCBs  16   a  are again cleaned.  
         [0047]      FIG. 13  is a flow chart summarizing one particular method  127  of performing lens mount overmolding operation  103  of method  100 . In a protective cover positioning operation  128 , protective cover  33  is positioned over camera chip  12 . Note that this step is unnecessary if protective cover  33  has already been mounted as part of a prior process, or if no protective cover is desired. Then, in an “over molding” operation  129 , the mold chase  56  is placed over the substrate strip  52  and the molding  16  is formed as previously discussed herein. In addition to the functionality already described herein, molding  16  can also serve to hold protective covering  33  in place, essentially sealing in the sensor array area  14  of camera chip  12 . The molding  26  is formed using generally conventional “overmolding” techniques known to those skilled in the art. The mold will provide for exposure of the sensor array area  14  of the camera chip  12  after the molding operation. Finally, in an “O/M curing” operation  130 , the molding  26  is briefly heat cured.  
         [0048]      FIG. 14  is a flow chart summarizing one particular method  131  of performing device separation operation  104  of  FIG. 11 . First, the protective tape  60  is placed over all of the PCBs  16   a  (as illustrated in  FIG. 9 ) in an “attach cover tape” operation  132 . Then, in a “saw singulation” operation  134 , the individual PCBs  16   a  are sawn apart. The sawing is done right through the protective tape  60  such that the resulting product is a plurality of the individual PCB assemblies  22   a , each having a respective portion of the protective tape  60  still in place thereon. The protective tape  60  is a commonly available commodity provided for protecting components during a soldering process, and the like. Finally, in a “remove cover tape” operation  138 , the bits of the protective tape  60  are removed from each of the PCB assemblies  22 a.  
         [0049]      FIG. 15  is a flow chart summarizing one particular method  139  of performing lens mounting operation  105  of method  100 . In a “lens mounting” operation  140 , one of the lens assemblies  24   a  is inserted into each of the moldings  26  ( FIG. 10 ). In a “focus and testing” operation  142 , the lens assembly  24   a  is moved up and down (along the Z axis  32  of  FIG. 1 ) to perfect the focus of the lens assembly  24   a  in relation to the sensor array area  14  of the camera chip  12 . Correct focus is determined by generally conventional automatic testing equipment. It should be noted that the inventors believe that this operation might be eliminated in the future by referencing the position of the mold chase  56  in relation to the camera chip  12  during the “over molding” operation  128 . Finally, in a “glue dispensing and curing” operation  144 , ultra violet cure adhesive  28  is applied as previously discussed herein, and then cured using ultra violet light.  
         [0050]     Various modifications may be made to the invention without altering its value or scope. For example, the sizes, shapes and quantities of components shown and described in relation to the examples discussed herein could each or all be varied according the needs or convenience of a particular application.  
         [0051]     Similarly other substrate materials, such as ceramics, could be used instead of the PCB  16  described herein.  
         [0052]     Another modification would be to replace the air filled gap  30  described herein with an optically clear spacer made, for example, of clear plastic, glass, or some other optically acceptable material. Providing a spacer which abuts both the camera chip  12  and the lens  24  could eliminate the need to focus the lens during the lens mounting operation. Also, secondary lenses, such as zoom lens assemblies and the like, can be fit to the already mechanically centered lens assembly  24  or  24   a . A spacer would also serve as a protective cover, thereby eliminating the need to provide a separate protective cover.  
         [0053]     While the inventors presently believe that mounting the lens assemblies  22 ,  22   a  into the molding  26 , or the like, by an adhesive is presently the most viable method, it is within the scope of the invention that the lens assemblies  22 ,  22   a  could be secured to the PCB  16 ,  16   a  in relation to the camera chip  12  by other mechanical means, such as a mechanical clip, or the like.  
         [0054]     Obvious variations to the method could include mounting the lens assemblies  24   a  into the molding  26  before the “saw singulation” operation  134 . Of course, this would require some other modifications to the method to insure that the sensor array area  14  is protected during the “saw singulation” operation  134 , and the like.  
         [0055]     Additional components and/or parts could readily be added to the present invention. One possible example would be to provide a glass cover on the molding  26 . Such as cover might serve several purposes. It could protect the sensor array area  14  during storage, transport and handling, it could optionally provide a service whereby the device could be lifted by “pick-and-place” machines, and it could protect the sensor array area  14  during reflow soldering operations.  
         [0056]     All of the above are only some of the examples of available embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous other modifications and alterations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the disclosure herein is not intended as limiting and the appended claims are to be interpreted as encompassing the entire scope of the invention.  
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY  
       [0057]     The inventive integrated camera module  10 ,  10   a  is intended to be widely used for capturing visual images in very small devices such as small digital cameras, cellular telephones, and the like. The device and method are appropriate to a wide variety of applications, including using sensor modules ranging from VGA resolution to 1.3 Megapixel or even greater. The method and apparatus described herein are inexpensive in the molding material and process is lower in cost as compared to the attachment of a housing using conventional methods. This is mainly because the molding process will be performed on an entire panel having thereon a large number of the integrated camera modules  10  at once, rather than attaching the lenses one at a time. Also, the cost of molding compound will be lower than the cost of individual housing pieces formerly used for attaching the lenses.  
         [0058]     According to the present invention, the final assembly of the integrated camera modules  10  will be more robust and more accurate with respect to X and Y locations. This is accomplished by ensuring that the sensor die placement and the overmold insert locations are controlled by the same local fiducial features on the substrate. Current methods involve use of guide pins and other means for the placement of the housing. These inherently involve greater tolerance build up compared to a mold with greater dimensional accuracy and more stable dimensions.  
         [0059]     As discussed previously herein, Z dimension accuracy will be accomplished with reference to the camera chip  12  surface itself, which is the key reference for camera focus. It is anticipated that, in the future, this will obviate the need for active alignment in most cases. Also, the fact that the alignment is done without having to rotate the lens assembly into a threaded housing will inherently make the lens placement more stable.  
         [0060]     It is further anticipated that the reduction in the required number of components according to the present invention will, itself, result in additional cost savings.  
         [0061]     Since the integrated camera module  10 ,  10   a  of the present invention may be readily produced and integrated with existing design configurations for camera systems and others yet to be conceived, and since the advantages as described herein are provided, it is expected that it will be readily accepted in the industry. For these and other reasons, it is expected that the utility and industrial applicability of the invention will be both significant in scope and long-lasting in duration.  
         [0000]     NOTICE: This correspondence chart is provided for informational purposes only. It is not a part of the official Patent Application.  
       CORRESPONDENCE CHART  
       [0000]    
       
           10 ,  10 A INTEGRATED CAMERA MODULE  
           12  CAMERA CHIP  
           14  SENSOR ARRAY AREA  
           16 ,  16 A PCB  
           17  ATTACHMENT WIRES  
           18  PASSIVE COMPONENTS  
           20  CONTACT PADS  
           22 ,  22 A PCB ASSEMBLY  
           24 ,  24 A LENS ASSEMBLY  
           26  MOLDING  
           28  ADHESIVE  
           29  RECESSED AREA (IN MOLDING  26 )  
           30  GAP  
           32  Z DIMENSION  
           34  X DIMIMENSION  
           36  Y DIMIMENSION  
           38  APERTURE  
           40  ATTACHMENT FINGERS  
           44  FLEX CIRCUIT  
           46  EDGE CONNECTOR PADS  
           48  FLEX CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY  
           50  HOT BAR ATTACH POINT  
           52  SUBSTRATE STRIP  
           54  ALIGNMENT HOLES  
           56  MOLD CHASE  
           58  MOLD INSERTS  
           60  PROTECTIVE TAPE  
           62  LENS HOUSING  
           64  FIRST LENS  
           66  SECOND LENS  
           70  ADHESIVE WELL  
           100  CAMERA MODULE CONSTRUCTION METHOD  
           110  SOLDER PASTE PRINT OPERATION  
           112  PASSIVE ATTACH OPERATION  
           114  REFLOW OPERATION  
           116  CLEANER OPERATION  
           118  DIE BONDING OPERATION  
           120  OVER MOLDING OPERATION  
           122  PLASMA CLEANING OPERATION  
           124  WIRE BONDING OPERATION  
           126  PLASMA CLEANING OPERATION  
           128  OVER MOLDING OPERATION  
           130  OVER MOLDING CURING OPERATION  
           132  ATTACH COVER TAPE OPERATION  
           134  SAW SINGULATION OPERATION  
           138  REMOVE COVER TAPE OPERATION  
           140  LENS MOUNTING OPERATION  
           142  FOCUS AND TESTING OPERATION  
           144  GLUE DISPENSING AND CURING OPERATION  
           146  PACKAGING OPERATION