Abstract:
Legal professionals often conduct online research as part of their efforts to produce documents, such as legal briefs. The present inventor recognized that online research tools and desktop applications, such as word processors, are functionally isolated from each other, forcing users to awkwardly switch between them as they work. Accordingly, the inventor devised, among other things, an exemplary toolbar that resides adjacent an active application window, such as a word processor. In operation, a user selects one or portions of text, such as a name or fact pattern, in the window, and activates the toolbar using a right-click command. Upon activation, a customizable menu is displayed, enabling the user to select from one or more listed workflow tasks and ultimately to cause an online research system to return search results based on the task and text selections.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application 60/681,272 filed on May 16, 2005 and U.S. provisional application 60/718,680 filed Sep. 20, 2005. Both provisional applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     COPYRIGHT NOTICE AND PERMISSION  
       [0002]     A portion of this patent document contains material subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrights whatsoever. The following notice applies to this document: Copyright© 2005, West Services Inc.  
       Technical Field  
       [0003]     Various embodiments of the present invention concerns information-retrieval systems, such as those that provide legal documents or other related content, and user interfaces for such systems.  
       BACKGROUND  
       [0004]     Judges and lawyers within the American legal system, as well as many others across the globe, are continually researching an ever-expanding body of legislation and judicial opinions to assist them understanding and resolving new or potential disputes. To facilitate this research, companies, such as West Publishing Company of St. Paul, Minn. (doing business as Thomson West), collect legal statutes, judicial opinions, law articles, and other legal and non-legal materials and make these available electronically over a computer network, through the Westlaw™ online research system. (Westlaw is a trademark licensed to Thomson West.)  
         [0005]     At least one problem the present inventor recognized with this powerful system as well as other online research systems is that their valuable functionality is highly segregated from the functionality of other computer applications. For instance, legal researchers typically use results of their online legal research as part of a larger process of producing documents, such as legal briefs and memorandum. However, systems, such as the Westlaw system, are functionally separated from popular word processing applications, such as Microsoft Word or Corel WordPerfect, that are used for creating these documents. This means that users have to make awkward shifts from application window to application window, often cutting and pasting information from the word processor to the browser and vice versa to conduct their legal research and writing.  
         [0006]     Accordingly, the present inventor has recognized at least a need for integrating the powerful functionality of systems, such as Westlaw, with other applications, such as word processors.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0007]     To address this and/or other needs, the present inventor devised, among other things, systems, methods, and software that allow users to readily access online legal research tools while using other applications, such as word processors. One exemplary embodiment includes a customizable research toolbar, which may be downloaded from a server of an online research system onto a client device. The toolbar resides adjacent an active application window on the client device, such as a word processing application. In exemplary operation, a user highlights one or portions of text in the active window, and activates the toolbar using a right-click command. Upon activation, at least one workflow menu is displayed, enabling the user to select from one or more listed workflow operations. Selection of an exemplary workflow operation cause the toolbar not only to generate a corresponding browser command, such as a specially formatted URL, that includes a search string based on the highlighted text, but also to forward the URL to an associated browser component, which invokes the URL and returns search results based on the highlighted text. Some embodiments allow users to customize the workflow menu and/or the URLs based, for example, on their legal specialty and/or jurisdiction. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS  
       [0008]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of an exemplary system  100  corresponding to one or more embodiments of the invention;  
         [0009]      FIG. 2  is a flowchart corresponding to one or more exemplary methods of operating system  100  and one or more embodiments of the invention;  
         [0010]      FIG. 3  is a facsimile of an exemplary user interface  300  corresponding to one or more embodiments of the invention.  
         [0011]      FIG. 4  is a facsimile of an exemplary user interface  400  corresponding to one or more embodiments of the invention.  
         [0012]      FIG. 5  is an exemplary URL table  500  corresponding to one or more embodiments of the invention.  
         [0013]      FIG. 6  is an exemplary parameter file  600  corresponding to one or more embodiments of the invention.  
         [0014]      FIG. 7  is a facsimile of an exemplary user interface  700  corresponding to one or more embodiments of the invention.  
         [0015]      FIG. 8  is a facsimile of an exemplary user interface  800  corresponding to one or more embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS  
       [0016]     This description, which references and incorporates the above-identified Figures, describes one or more specific embodiments of an invention. These embodiments, offered not to limit but only to exemplify and teach the invention, are shown and described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to implement or practice the invention. Thus, where appropriate to avoid obscuring the invention, the description may omit certain information known to those of skill in the art.  
       EXEMPLARY INFORMATION  
     Retrieval System  
       [0017]      FIG. 1  shows an exemplary online information-retrieval system  100 . System  100  includes one or more databases  110 , one or more servers  120 , and one or more access devices  130 .  
         
       [0018]     Exemplary Databases  
         [0019]     Databases  110  include a set of one or more databases. In the exemplary embodiment, the set includes a caselaw database  111 , a court filings database  112 , statutes database  113 , a transcripts (XCRPTS) database  114 , a verdict and settlement database  115 , a legal forms database  116 , a legal scholarship databases  117 , professionals database  118 , and other databases  119 .  
         [0020]     Case law database  111  generally includes electronic text and image copies of judicial opinions for decided cases for one or more local, state, federal, or international jurisdictions. Court-filings database  112  includes electronic text and image copies of court filings related to one or more subsets of case law database  111 . Exemplary court-filing documents include briefs, motions, complaints, pleadings, discovery matter.  
         [0021]     Statutes database  113  include federal, state, and local statutes. Transcripts database  114  includes transcripts of local, state, federal, and international legal proceedings. Verdict and settlement database  115  includes electronic text and image copies of documents related to the determined verdict, assessed damages, or negotiated settlement of legal disputes associated with cases within caselaw database  111 . Legal forms database  116  includes legal forms, such as agreements, complaints, jury instructions, wills, etc. Legal scholarship databases  117  include law review articles, legal encyclopedia articles, legal headnotes, and legal classifications. Professional databases  118  include one or more databases or professional directories. Other databases  119  includes one or more other databases containing documents regarding news stories, business and finance, science and technology, medicine and bioinformatics, intellectual property information, and other public information. In some embodiments, the logical relationships across documents in various databases are determined manually or using automatic discovery processes that leverage information such as litigant identities, dates, jurisdictions, attorney identifies, court dockets, and so forth to determine the existence or likelihood of a relationship between any pair of documents.  
         [0022]     Databases  110 , which take the exemplary form of one or more electronic, magnetic, or optical data-storage devices, include or are otherwise associated with respective indices (not shown). Each of the indices includes terms and/or phrases in association with corresponding document addresses, identifiers, and other information for facilitating the functionality described below. Databases  112 ,  114 , and  116  are coupled or couplable via a wireless or wireline communications network, such as a local-, wide-, private-, or virtual-private network, to server  120 .  
       Exemplary Server  
       [0023]     Server  120 , which is generally representative of one or more servers for serving data in the form of webpages or other markup language forms with associated applets, ActiveX controls, remote-invocation objects, or other related software and data structures to service clients of various “thicknesses.” More particularly, server  120  includes a processor  121 , a memory  122 , a subscriber database  123 , one or more search engines  124  and interface module  125 .  
         [0024]     Processor  121 , which is generally representative of one or more local or distributed processors or virtual machines, is coupled to memory  122 . Memory  122 , which takes the exemplary form of one or more electronic, magnetic, or optical data-storage devices, stores subscription database  123 , search engines  124 , and litigation module  127 .  
         [0025]     Subscription database  123  includes subscriber-related data for controlling, administering, and managing pay-as-you-go- or subscription-based access of databases  110 . Subscriber database  123  includes subscriber-related data for controlling, administering, and managing pay-as-you-go or subscription-based access of databases  110 .  
         [0026]     In the exemplary embodiment, subscriber database  123  includes one or more data structures, of which data structure  1231  is representative. Data structure  1231  includes a customer or user identifier portion  1231 A, which is logically associated with data elements or fields, such as fields  1231 B,  1231 C, and  1231 D. Field  1231 B includes information such as a user password and/or information identifying one or more user accounts, such as a law firm or corporate account. Fields  1231 C includes one or more values governing whether litigation documents are charged on a transactional or per-access basis or whether access to these documents is included within a flat-rate or other type of subscription. In some embodiments, this field may also identify, indicate, or represent a specific pricing schedule to be used in assessing access fees for litigation (pre-decision) documents.  
         [0027]     Search engines  124  provide Boolean or natural-language search capabilities for databases  110 . Additionally, search engines  124  includes a result extension capability, such as that described in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11,028,476 which suggests alternative relevant documents.  
         [0028]     User interface module  125 , which, among, other things defines one or portion of a graphical user interface that helps users define searches for databases  110 . Software  125  includes one or more browser-compatible applets, webpage templates, user-interface elements, objects or control features or other programmatic objects or structures.  
         [0029]     Research tool bar module  126  includes, among other things, downloadable client-side research toolbar software  1261 , software distribution software  1262 , and server-side administration software  1263 . Client-side research toolbar software allows users to develop a personalized view of an online research system, such as the Westlaw system, and to integrate the personalized view into his or her attorney legal workflow. In one embodiment, the toolbar software provides a workflow menu with options that correspond to steps in a legal workflow for specific legal practice areas and/or jurisdictions, and brings search capabilities and result data side by side with Outlook, Word, WordPerfect, Adobe, Internet Explorer and any other third party application with just one “right click” in that application. The user can further customize the software to include any data sources they wish.  
         [0030]     Server  120  is communicatively coupled or couplable via a wireless or wireline communications network, such as a local-, wide-, private-, or virtual-private network, to one or more accesses devices, such as access device  130 .  
       Exemplary Access Device  
       [0031]     Access device  130  is not only communicatively coupled or couplable to server  130 , but also generally representative of one or more access devices. In the exemplary embodiment, access device  130  takes the form of a personal computer, workstation, personal digital assistant, mobile telephone, or any other device capable of providing an effective user interface with a server or database.  
         [0032]     Specifically, access device  130  includes one or more processors (or processing circuits)  131 , a memory  132 , a display  133 , a keyboard  134 , and a graphical pointer or selector  135 . Memory  132  stores code (machine-readable or executable instructions) for an operating system  136 , a browser  137 , applications  138 , and client-side research software  139 , which provides functionality as further shown and described herein. In the exemplary embodiment, operating system  136  takes the form of a version of the Microsoft Windows operating system, and browser  137  takes the form of a version of Microsoft Internet Explorer. Applications  138  include Outlook email application, Word and WordPerfect word processing applications, Adobe desktop publishing application, and Internet Explorer browser application. Research software  139  includes a tool bar plug-in portion  1391 , a research portion  1392 , a web services portion  1393 .  
         [0033]     In the exemplary embodiment, the research application (or software), takes the form of a toolbar and includes the following functionality: sliding, tacking, un-tacking, mouse hovering, minimizing, closing, startup, searching, progress bar, customization, etc. As a toolbar, the research application always stays “on top,”, and thus cannot get ‘lost’ behind other application windows. Additionally, in some embodiments, the toolbar is not maximizable, but has preset maximum and minimum sizes which the user can customize. Additionally, the core desktop application is XML driven and configurable, enabling it to utilize a wide variety of web services.  
         [0034]     Other functions include application state management, which entails saving and restoring sizes and positions of other applications and desktop icons as the tool bar is opened, tacked, un-tacked, minimized, and closed.  
         [0035]     The user interface for the core application includes a search text area, go button, jurisdiction menu, customization interface, client ID input, options, insert-selected-text command, progress bar, and help. For cost recovery, the exemplary embodiment provides a client ID input which allows one to associate a client ID or matter number with given research and/or drafting activity. The input field is associated with a default setting, a pick list, and/or a most-recent pick lists. Some embodiments prompt for a client ID input for each use, or after a period of inactivity.  
         [0036]     The plug-in or add-in portion of the research software incorporates a simple XML configuration and messaging. In operation, the plug-in portion sends a function ID, such as search, along with query text (such as the selected text) to the core research application for handling. (Core application forms the function ID and search into a URL and includes a mini-browser capability for invoking the URL and retrieving the results of the associated search operation. In some embodiments, the plug-in portion has extensible parameters, such as jurisdiction which is defined in the config files. The plug-in portion also receives information, such as text, from the core research application, and inserts into document in the active window at a current cursor position.  
         [0037]     This application program interface (API) separates the third-party application from the complexities of the core research software. Its function is to tell the third-party application what the menu and cascades should look like, and what ID should be sent to the core research software for each item in the menu. The API also tells the third-party application when the menu has been changed via customization so the third-party application can rebuild it. Finally, the API can send text to the third-party application and let the third-party application know that the core software intends to insert the text at the cursor position.  
       Exemplary Methods of Operation  
       [0038]      FIG. 2  shows a flow chart  200  of one or more exemplary methods of operating an information-management system, such as system  100 . Flow chart  200  includes blocks  210 - 290 , which are arranged and described in a serial execution sequence in the exemplary embodiment. However, other embodiments execute two or more blocks in parallel using multiple processors or processor-like devices or a single processor organized as two or more virtual machines or sub processors. Other embodiments also alter the process sequence or provide different functional partitions to achieve analogous results. For example, some embodiments may alter the client-server allocation of functions, such that functions shown and described on the server side are implemented in whole or in part on the client side, and vice versa. Moreover, still other embodiments implement the blocks as two or more interconnected hardware modules with related control and data signals communicated between and through the modules. Thus, the exemplary process flow applies to software, hardware, and firmware implementations.  
         [0039]     Block  210  entails installing the research software on to one or more client devices. In the exemplary embodiment, this entails a user directing a browser in a client access device, such as access device  130 , to internet-protocol (IP) address for an online information-retrieval system, such as the Westlaw system and then logging onto the system using a username and/or password. Successful login results in a web-based interface being output from server  120 , stored in memory  132 , and displayed by client access device  130 .  
         [0040]     The interface includes an option for initiating download of desktop research software with corresponding toolbar plug-ins for one or more applications. If the download option is initiated, download administration software ensures that the client access device is compatible with the research software and detects which compatible third-party applications are present on the client device and which of these have available research add-ins (plug-ins). The user is then prompted regarding the detected applications for which add-ins are available and asked to select which ones to download add-ins for. Once the selections are made, the appropriate software is downloaded and installed on the client device.  
         [0041]     Some embodiments include a network-push capability which allows allowing larger customers to push out the software from a central location and installed remotely by network administrators. After or during installation, one or more aspects of the research software, such as menus and database options can be customized, as further described below. Execution continues at block  220 .  
         [0042]     Block  220  entails launch of one or more third-party applications. In the exemplary embodiment, this entails a user launching and opening or creating a document using one or more of the following independent applications: Microsoft Word word processing application, Corel WordPerfect word processing application, Internet Explorer browser application, Adobe Acrobat desktop publishing application, and Microsoft Outlook email application.  FIG. 3  shows an exemplary desktop interface  310  and a Microsoft word interface  320 , which include or are juxtaposed to respective research toolbars  312  and  322  that indicate to the user that an integrated research capability is available as well as how to initiate the capability. Although shown as a right vertical sidebar, toolbars  312  and  322  may take any number of shapes and configurations and be placed anywhere on the desktop, preferably in proximity to the active window. Execution continues at block  230 .  
         [0043]     Block  230  entails selecting one or more portion of text in an active window of an application. In the exemplary embodiment, this entails a user a pointing device to select one or more portions of contiguous or noncontiguous text. For example, a user may select a name of a person or company, a case name, a legal citation, a paragraph containing a fact pattern, or a combination of these. See for example, selected text  324  in  FIG. 3 , which states “he slipped on an icy patch on the front sidewak and fell to the ground.” Some embodiment may allow users to select objects such as images or embedded files. Execution proceeds to block  240 .  
         [0044]     Block  240  entails activating the research software. In the exemplary embodiment, this entails using a pointing device to perform a right click. However, other embodiments may provide hotkeys, voice commands, or other user interface mechanisms for activating the research software. In response to activation, the plug-in augmented third-party application associated with the active window presents a popup menu which includes a listing of legal workflow items. For example, FIG.  4  shows a word-processing window  420  (same as window  320 ) with a popup menu  430  displayed after activation of the research tool. Popup menu  430  lists, among conventional word processing items, workflow items: investigation item  431 , valuation item  432 , drafting tools-pleadings item  433 , drafting tools-arguments item  434 , statutes and regulations item  435 , KeyCite citation checker  436 , and dictionary  437 . Notably, one or more of the items, such as items  431 ,  433 ,  435  are associated with additional items that appear in the form of cascaded menu (as shown in other interface figures herein.)  
         [0045]     Next,  FIG. 2  shows that block  250  entails selecting an action or item. In the exemplary embodiment, this entails the user using a pointing device to point and select one of the listed items from the popup menu  430 . In some embodiments, the user signals a desire to launch or initiate a search, for example via voice command, function key, or hotkey.  FIG. 4  shows via a box  438  that valuation item  432  has been selected. In response to the selection, the application associated with the active window, for example, the Microsoft Word application, uses a messaging system associated with the operating systems, such as windows messaging, to communicate to research application  139  that the user has selected a given item, valuation item  432  in the example, and sends the research application the selected text. Execution continues at block  260 .  
         [0046]     Block  260  entails presenting search results based on the selected text and menu item. In the exemplary embodiment, this entails the research application looking up the selected menu item in its uniform resource locator (URL) table and finding and completing a corresponding URL based on the selected text and/or one or more other parameters.  
         [0047]      FIG. 5  shows an exemplary URL table  500 , which includes one URL entry for each of the selectable menu items. Each URL has several parameters. After determining the matching URL based on the user menu selection, the research application replaces the values of these parameters with values it has saved in its parameter file. In addition to the selected text sent over by application for the active window, exemplary parameters include a user password and a client and/or matter identifier (ID) (such as an attorney docket number).  FIG. 6  shows an exemplary parameter file  600  and how these parameters relate to a URL. In some embodiments, these parameter values are entered by the user the first time the research software is initiated or during installation; however in other embodiments, the parameters, such as user account and access credentials are determined by accessing cookies that contain this information based on prior access of one or more search systems, such as the Westlaw system. In some embodiments, the users are prompted to input any parameter values that may be necessary to complete the URL corresponding to the selected menu item. (Note that the mapping of the workflow menu item to the URL effectively maps the workflow menu items to specific databases and/or services within an online research systems, such as the Westlaw system.)  
         [0048]     Once the URL is completed, the research software makes a call to its miniature “browser,” using the completed URL. (In the exemplary embodiment, this is analogous to a user typing the URL into a browser address field.) In some embodiments, the research software makes use of the browser application native to the client device, rather than providing its own browsing capability. With the URL input, the research application communicates over a computer network with a server, such as server  120  in  FIG. 1 , requesting that the server conduct a search or data retrieval operation based on the parameters of the URL. In response, the server (or a device responsive to the server) identifies the data corresponding to the URL and returns it to the client device for display by the research application, with a designated portion of its interface. (Notably, one or more parameters of the URL, such as an embedded password enable transparent authentication of the user at the server; also, an embedded client identifier or docket number facilitates cost recovery for the data retrieval by associating the search activity with the client identifier.)  
         [0049]     Block  270  entails inserting text from a retrieved document into the active window of the application. In the exemplary embodiment, this entails the user selecting a document from a listing of documents returned by the server, using a pointing device. Once selected, the user may invoke an interactive command icon on an interface portion of the research application and cause insertion of document or one or more selected portions of the document into the active window. In response, the selected portion(s) of the documents will be inserted at the current cursor position of the document in the active window. In some embodiments, the selected text inserted into the document along with associated bibliographic data, such as citation with appropriate citation data according to a “blue book” or scientific format. In some instances, this data is merely associated as meta data with the inserted text. In other embodiments, this citation insertion behavior is governed by one or more user preferences in a configuration file maintained for the user on server  120 .  
       Exemplary Customization Features  
       [0050]     One or more portion of the research software may be customized by the user to match their specific work, such as practice type and/or jurisdiction. For instance, FIGS.  7  shows an input box  700 , which may be presented during installation or by clicking on a particular icon after installation, to select one of a plurality of practice types. Selection of the Minnesota litigator option  710  configures the research application to present pop-menu  730  in response to invocation (right clicking), whereas selection of business-practitioner option  720  configures the research application to present menu  740 .  
         [0051]      FIG. 8  shows more generalized customization interface  800 . For example, users can create their own items and customize down to the level of adding their own URL&#39;s and databases and menus. Thus, some embodiments include menu items that allow users to integrate with integrate to their firm portals or other Westlaw databases. Some embodiments may even allow users to add URLs to other password-protected commercial or non-commercial databases. Customization is done through a web service of the online research system, such as the Westlaw research system, where each user has an “account” that stores their various customized menus and allows them to create a new menu. At the end, the config menu is downloaded to the PC and self installed into research software and the plug-ins for the third-party applications.  
         [0052]     Some embodiments provide pre-configured workflows and corresponding database choices. Market segments/editors can use the customization interface to create and publish new menus within days. Product ships with available preconfigured menus, and new menus periodically available over the web. Librarian at a firm can set up menus specific to that firm and to the appropriate people in the firm for one-click install. These menus can be firm specific such that a user at a firm will get the menu(s) designated by his/her librarian. Firms using the “network push” install can package custom menus for the designated users. User can choose their practice type and then jurisdiction to get a jurisdiction specific menu. On the fly, user can one-click switch the jurisdiction and practice type to fit into their current task. In one embodiment, the install process entails presenting the user will see a pick list of practice areas that are appropriate for that user (as designated by West based on the type of subscription, other information associated with the user account, such as individual or aggregate usage trends, and/or selections made a firm research software administrator. Other embodiments Allow users to select from panoply of preconfigured menus, to save multiple configurations with easy dropdown shifting and automatic update of 3 rd  party apps. And still others allow users to “send” one or more portions of their customizations to other users.  
       Conclusion  
       [0053]     The embodiments described above are intended only to illustrate and teach one or more ways of practicing or implementing the present invention, not to restrict its breadth or scope. The actual scope of the invention, which embraces all ways of practicing or implementing the teachings of the invention, is defined only by the following claims and their equivalents.