Abstract:
An apparatus and method is provided for installing and connecting one or more expansion boards in a computer system while the computer system is being manufactured as well as when a user upgrades or reconfigures the computer system. An expansion board bay for receiving the expansion board is located within the computer system, typically on a circuit board such as the motherboard. A connector module that is separate from the expansion board and the expansion board bay is positioned within the computer system. The connector module is positioned to provide easy external access to a contact portion of the connector module, thereby allowing a user to connect an external data signal line to the connector module. A connector cable operably connects the expansion board with the connector module to establish communication between the data processor and the external data line through the expansion board.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to the field of connecting modular devices in a computer, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for providing generic connector bays, and connector cables and modules that are capable of receiving a variety of hardware modules within the interior portion of a personal computer. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Plug-in expansion boards enable manufacturers of computer systems and users to expand the capabilities of their computer systems as desired on a modular basis. An expansion board is a printed circuit card that slides into one of the expansion slots provided in the housing of a computer system. Expansion boards are often further distinguished by the standard followed by their interface or the connector at the bottom of the board. For example, an ISA expansion board follows the Industry Standard Architecture bus standard and a PCI expansion board follows the Peripheral Component Interconnect standard. 
     Typical expansion boards that may be placed within a computer include additional microprocessors, additional memory, fax/modem capability, network interface, television tuners, sound cards, global positioning system (GPS) receivers, and graphics cards. In portable computers, hardware components such as these are packaged in portable computer memory card international association (“PCMCIA”) cards and miniature peripheral component interface (mini-PCI) cards, both of which are small expansion modules each roughly the size and shape of a credit card. These cards allow the user to expand the processing or interfacing capabilities of a portable computer with the insertion of a single card into the computer and interfacing it with the motherboard or other circuit board, in the computer. PCMCIA cards have connectors built into them whereas mini-PCI cards do not. For this reason, PCMCIA cards arc more expensive and computer system manufacturers are migrating toward using mini-PCI cards instead of PCMCIA cards. It is therefore desirable to have an adaptable system of connectors and cables that may be used with a variety of miniPCI cards. 
     The expansion boards may be either installed during assembly of the computer system at the manufacturer, or a user may install one or more expansion boards at a later time. The circuit board interface may be designed to accommodate all the expansion boards to be included when they are installed during manufacture, however, a problem arises when a user wants to add a new expansion board that was not anticipated during manufacture, and there is not enough room on the circuit board to accommodate the expansion board. 
     In the prior art, an expansion board in the form of an expansion module is often insertable through an exterior housing side wall slot of the computer into an interior housing card chamber within which a PCMCIA frame or connector having an ejector mechanism associated therewith is positioned. The inner end of the inserted card is forcibly plugged into and electrically connected with a complementary pin connector portion of a PCMCIA connector that is in turn, directly and permanently electrically connected to the computer system motherboard. Alternatively, the expansion modules may be installed entirely within the interior of the computer and attached directly to the motherboard. 
     Many types of expansion boards have a built-in connector that is accessible by the user to connect an external data signal line. Examples include RJ11 connector to connect a modem card to a telephone line, an RJ45 connector to connect a network card to a network link, and an antenna or cable connector to connect a TV tuner card. A further problem may therefore arise when a user attempts to add an expansion board requiring an external connector, and the expansion board does not fit on the motherboard or cannot be positioned so that the connector is readily accessible to the user. 
     It is therefore desirable to provide a computer system capable of being upgraded with a new or additional expansion boards regardless of prior configurations, and to have access to any required external connector ports on the expansion boards installed in the computer system. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides an apparatus and method for installing and connecting one or more expansion boards in a computer system while the computer system is being manufactured as well as when a user upgrades or reconfigures the computer system. An expansion board bay for receiving the expansion board is located within the computer system, typically on a circuit board such as the motherboard. A connector module that is separate from the expansion board and the expansion board bay is positioned within the computer system. The connector module is positioned to provide easy external access to a contact portion of the connector module, thereby allowing a user to connect an external data signal line to the connector module. A connector cable operably connects the expansion board with the connector module to establish communication between the data processor and the external data line through the expansion board. 
     The cable is connected between the connector module and the expansion board in one of several alternate ways. One aspect of the structure for connecting the connector module and the expansion board together using a cable is that enough space is provided to allow use of the largest foreseeable number of contacts that connector modules and expansion boards may require for communication. This feature provides a user with a wide range of flexibility with regard to the type of expansion board and connector module that may be installed. 
     In one embodiment, the cable and connector module are soldered together to establish contact between electrical contacts in the connector module and electrical wires in the cable. 
     In another embodiment, the cable and the connector module are coupled by mating a first contact portion, such as one or more pins, on the connector module with a corresponding second contact portion, such as one or more sockets, on one end of the cable. 
     In another embodiment, the connector module includes a first contact portion that mates with one portion of a jumper block and the cable includes a second contact portion that mates with another portion of the jumper block. The contact portions may be a pin and socket arrangement such as sockets in the jumper block corresponding to pins on a connector at one end of the cable and in the bottom of the connector module. 
     The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention so that those skilled in the art may better understand the detailed description of the invention that follows. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The present invention may be better understood, and its numerous objects, features, and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings. 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of a computer system in which the present invention is used. 
     FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an example of a circuit board with connector modules and expansion board bays connected by cables according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a close-up of example of connector modules. 
     FIG. 4A is a perspective view of one example of connector structure for connecting the cable and a connector module. 
     FIG. 4B is a perspective view of another example of connector structure for connecting the cable and a connector module. 
     FIG. 4C is a perspective view of another example of connector structure for connecting the cable and a connector module. 
    
    
     THE USE OF THE SAME REFERENCE SYMBOLS IN DIFFERENT DRAWINGS INDICATES SIMILAR OR IDENTICAL ITEMS. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring to FIG. 1, computer system  100  includes a central processing unit (CPU)  102  connected by system bus  104  to various components including main controller  105 , main memory  106 , storage device controller  108 , network interface  110 , video controller  112 , and input/output devices  114  connected via input/output (I/O) controllers  116 . Those skilled in the art will appreciate that this system encompasses all types of computer systems: personal computers, midrange computers, mainframes, etc. Note that many additions, modifications, and deletions can be made to this computer system  100  when used as a component of the present invention. Examples of I/O devices that may be connected to system bus  104  for inputting and outputting data include a modem, mouse, keyboard, display monitor, speakers, and microphone. Computer system  100  may be one of many workstations connected to a network such as a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), or a global information network such as the Internet through network interface  110 . 
     CPU  102  can be constructed from one or more microprocessors and/or integrated circuits. Main memory  106  stores programs and data that CPU  102  may access. When computer system  100  starts up, operating system  120  is loaded into main memory  106 . Operating system  120  is a program that manages the resources of computer system  100 , such as CPU  102 , memory controller  105 , storage device controller  108 , network interface  110 , I/O controllers  116 , and system bus  104 . The operating system  120  reads one or more configuration files  124  to determine the hardware and software resources connected to computer system  100 . 
     During operation, main memory  106  includes operating system  140 , configuration file  124 , and one or more application programs  122  with related program data  126 . Application programs  122  can run with program data as input, and output their results as program data  126  in main memory  106  or to one or more mass storage devices  128  through memory controller  105  and storage device controller  108 . CPU  102  executes many application programs  122 , including one or more programs to establish a connection to a computer network through network interface  110 . The application program  122  may be embodied in one executable module or it may be a collection of routines that are executed as required. 
     Storage device controller  108  allows computer system  100  to retrieve and store data from mass storage devices  128  such as magnetic disks (hard disks, diskettes), digital video disks (DVD), and optical disks (CD-ROM). The mass storage devices  128  are commonly known as Direct Access Storage Devices (DASD), and act as a permanent store of information. The information from the DASD can be in many forms including application programs and program data. Data retrieved through storage device controller  108  is usually placed in main memory  106  where CPU  102  can process it. 
     System bus  104  allows data to be transferred among the various components of computer system  100 . Although computer system  100  is shown to contain only a single main CPU  102  and a single system bus  104 , those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be practiced using a computer system that has multiple CPUs  102  and/or multiple busses  104 . One such bus is an expansion bus that establishes a line of communication between an expansion bus slot (which is typically on the motherboard) and CPU  102 . A wide range of expansion boards (not shown) are available to plug into expansion bus slots (not shown) to increase the capability of computer system  100 . In addition, the interfaces that are used in the preferred embodiment may include separate, fully programmed microprocessors that arc used to off-load computationally intensive processing from CPU  102 , or may include input/output (I/O) adapters to perform similar functions. 
     FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention for installing and connecting expansion boards on circuit board  200 . Note that FIG. 2 shows mini-PCI type cards as examples of expansion boards that are suitable for use with the present invention, however, other types of expansion cards and boards may also be utilized instead of or in addition to mini-PCI cards. Circuit board  200  is typically mounted in a housing (not shown) associated with computer system  100  and other components (not shown in FIG. 2) are also typically mounted on circuit board  200 . For example, circuit board  200  may be the motherboard of computer system  100  and include system components such as CPU  102 , main memory  106  and memory controllers, support circuitry including I/O controllers  116 , video controller  112 , and storage device controller  108 , and expansion slots for adding one or more expansion boards  202  and  204  to expand computer system&#39;s  100  functional capabilities. Additionally, the present invention is not limited to use with two expansion boards  202  and  204 , but may be implemented with as many expansion boards as required. 
     Circuit board  200  may be another suitable circuit board included in computer system  100  instead of or in addition to the motherboard. Further, when circuit board  200  is too small to hold all the desired components and expansion boards, one or more expansion boards may be retained in a structure that is not attached to circuit board  200 . In such an embodiment, expansion boards may be retained in a suitable structure proximate circuit board  200  and connected for electrical communication with other components on computer system&#39;s  100  motherboard using cables and connectors as known in the art. 
     Expansion board bays  206 ,  208  are positioned at convenient locations, such as on circuit board  200 , during the layout and design of computer system  100 . Expansion boards  202  and  204  include electrical contacts (not shown) that mate with contacts in expansion board bays  206 ,  208  when expansion boards  202  and  204  are inserted. A variety of such contacts are well known in the art including single edge contacts, and pin and socket connectors. In order to provide a physical connection for establishing electrical communication between CPU  102  and expansion boards  202  and  204  via bus  104 , there are also electrical contacts (not shown) between circuit board  200  and expansion board bays  206  and  208 . 
     In the present invention, connector modules  210 ,  212 , and  214  are separate from expansion boards  202  and  204  and are positioned independently on or near circuit board  200 . Connector modules  210 ,  212 , and  214  may be positioned at any desired location and may include contact portion  216 ,  218 , and  220 , respectively, that are positioned to allow a user to attach a data signal line  221  to connector modules  210 ,  212 , and  214  to provide the physical connection for establishing communication with a device external to computer system  100 . Connector modules  210 ,  212 , and  214  shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are examples of various connector modules that may be included. Connector module  210  is an RJ  11  connector used to connect a standard telephone line to a dial-up modem. Connector module  212  is an universal serial bus (USB) connector used for a network interface connection card. Connector module  214  is shown as a TV antenna connector. A manufacturer or user selects the connector modules to install based on the type of expansion boards  202  and  204  to be installed in computer system  100 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, connector modules  210  and  212  are used in conjunction with modem/network interface card (NIC)  202 , while connector module  214  is used with TV tuner card  204 . 
     In the prior art, the connector modules are built-in to the expansion board, thereby limiting the location and orientation of the expansion board inside computer system  100 . By separating the connector module from the expansion board, the present invention advantageously allows expansion boards  202  and  204  to be located and oriented as desired, providing greater flexibility in system design and capabilities. 
     Connector cables  222  and  224  operably connect expansion boards  202  and  204  to connector modules  210 ,  212 , and  214 . Each connector module  210 ,  212 , and  214  includes an electrical contact portion that corresponds to and mates with an electrical contact portion on one end of the cable. A variety of such contacts are well known in the art including, for example, single edge contacts, and pin and socket connectors. FIGS. 4A through 4C show examples of embodiments of contacts that may be utilized with the present invention. 
     FIG. 4A shows one end of cable  400  inserted in connector module  402 . Cable  400  includes several strands of wire encased in non-conductive coating to isolate electrical signals in the wires from one another. Each wire is attached to a corresponding contact in connector module  402  using suitable attachment means such as soldering wires to the contacts, or pressing the cable through a series of overlapping contacts with sharp edges that slice the non-conductive coating to contact the wire in the cable as the cable is pressed onto the contacts. Other attachment means known in the art may also be utilized. 
     FIG. 4B shows cable  400  with pin connector portion  404  attached to one end. Pin connector portion  404  includes a series of pins  406  that mate with and form electrical contacts with corresponding sockets  408  in one portion of jumper board  410 . Connector module  412  also includes a series of pins  414  that mate with and form electrical contacts with corresponding sockets  408  in another portion of jumper board  410 . Jumper board  410  also includes connections (not shown) that connect sockets  408  in the one portion of jumper board  410  to the corresponding sockets  408  in the other portion of jumper board  410  to provide the physical structure for establishing communication between connector module  412  and cable  400  when a data signal line is plugged into connector module  412 . 
     FIG. 4C shows another embodiment of means for connecting cable  400  to connector module  415  wherein connector portion  416  includes a series of sockets  418  that correspond to a series of pins  420  on connector module  415 . 
     It is important to note that the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4A through 4C are examples of various ways to connect cable  400 . The number of pins and sockets, and the number of wires in cable  400  will vary according the number of data signals that are communicated by the external data line  221  (FIG.  2 ). The present invention provides a structure that allows a manufacturer or user to change the connector module and cable  400  to provide the desired physical interface for connecting any corresponding extend data signal line. For example, a user may receive computer system  100  with a selection of connector modules pre-installed, and later change one or more of the connector modules and corresponding cable  400  and expansion boards  202 ,  204  to provide the desired capability in his or her computer system  100 . 
     Referring back to FIG. 2, the other end of cables  222  and  224  are connected to expansion boards  202  and  204 . There are several known structures that may be utilized to establish electrical communication between cables  222  and  224  and expansion boards  202  and  204 , including a pin and socket connector similar to those shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C. Other known connector/cable combinations may be utilized with the present invention, including zero insertion force (ZIF) connectors and flexible printed circuit (FPC) cables, pin and socket connectors and discrete wire cables, and pin and socket connectors and ribbon cable. When expansion boards  202  and  204  include a built-in connector module, an adapter between connector pad  226  and  228  may be used to connect expansion boards  202  and  204  to cables  222  and  224 . 
     While the invention has been described with respect to the embodiments and variations set forth above, these embodiments and variations are illustrative and the invention is not to be considered limited in scope to these embodiments and variations. Accordingly, various other embodiments and modifications and improvements not described herein may be within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as defined by the following claims.