Abstract:
In one aspect of the invention a data collection device is provided for use with a medium said medium being usable when exposed to electromagnetic radiation that is characteristic of such use. The data collection device has a sensor capable of sensing when the medium is exposed to electromagnetic radiation that is characteristic of such a use and generating an exposure signal in response thereto. A controller is connected to said sensor and stores data in a memory when an exposure signal is detected.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention generally relates to the field of mediums and more particularly to mediums that provide an indication of use. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Mediums having images or information thereon or therein such as motion picture films, x-ray films, film negatives, documents, legal or otherwise, are subject to a variety of uses such as viewing, exposing, projecting, scanning, and/or copying. Conventionally, such mediums do not provide any capacity for providing tracking information indicating that such a medium has been so used, how many times the medium has used, who used the medium, how the medium was used, and where the medium was used. This presents a potential security risk in that any person possessing such medium can make unauthorized use of the medium. Thus, what is needed is a device for use with a medium that enables data to be recorded in association with the medium to indicate use of the medium. 
     Such a combination of medium devices has many valuable applications, for example, in Hospital Information Systems (HIS) or Radiology Information Systems (RIS) to track the use of patient medical records data for patients admitted to hospitals or receiving outpatient care so that the patients privacy can be properly maintained. By using such a combination, information such as who has viewed a patients x-ray films or how many copies of an original document have been made can be determined from the original copy. This can help to ensure privacy and help to obtain the proper medical care, without jeopardizing quality and timeliness. Similarly, access and use of confidential legal and financial records can be tracked in like manner. 
     In other applications, the motion picture industry could benefit also by knowing how many times a motion picture has been viewed or if the motion picture had been scanned in a way that would indicate an illegal copy had been made. 
     Thus, it can be seen that there is a need to be able tell if a medium has been viewed, exposed, scanned or photo copied. 
     Document management systems are known that track document movement by associating a tracking memory such as a bar code or Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag with each document. In these systems, the movement and use of the documents having a tracking memory monitored by specially adapted readers that detect the use of the document and stores data characterizing the use of the document. However, such a system is useful only where the documents must be used in a manner that triggers such a reader. Other use of the document will not be detected or recorded. For example if a document is copied using a copier that is not adapted with a reader, the copying of the document will not be recorded. 
     Thus, what is needed is the ability to monitor use of a medium that can indicate that a medium has been viewed, exposed, scanned, photo copied or otherwise used, but that does not depend upon the use of the medium in conjunction with a specially adapted device. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In one aspect of the invention a data collection device is provided for use with a medium said medium being usable when exposed to electromagnetic radiation that is characteristic of such use. The data collection device has a sensor capable of sensing when the medium is exposed to electromagnetic radiation that is characteristic of such a use and generating an exposure signal in response thereto. A controller is connected to said sensor and stores data in a memory when an exposure signal is detected. 
     In another aspect of the invention, a data collection device is provided. The device has a web of medium said medium being useable when the medium is subject to an exposure to light that is within a predefined range of exposures; a light sensor sensing exposure of the medium to light, a memory and a controller. The controller is connected to said light sensor and stores information in the memory indicative of an exposure when the medium is subject to a light exposure that is within the range. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the subject matter of the present invention, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  shows a plan view of a medium substrate having an image thereon and a data collection device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  shows a cutaway view of a medium substrate having a data collection device of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  shows an illustration of a media data collection device communicating with a radio frequency read write device of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed in particular to elements forming part of, or cooperating more directly with, an apparatus in accordance with the invention. It is to be understood that elements not specifically shown or described may take various forms well known to those skilled in the art. 
       FIG. 1  shows a first embodiment of a medium  20  having a data collection device  30  in accordance with the present invention. As is shown in  FIG. 1 , medium  20  comprises a medium substrate  22  having recorded image content  24  thereon such as an image, text, graphics or other encodement. Medium substrate  22  can be formed from a material such as paper, plastic, metal, fabric, or other convenient substrate known in the art. Medium substrate  22  can be adapted to receive image content  24  in the form of a donor material that is applied, for example, by spraying, thermally applying or otherwise deposited on an outer surface  26  of medium substrate  22 . Medium substrate  22  can also comprise, for example, a photosensitive film or other material that is sensitive to electro magnetic radiation. When such a photosensitive film or other material are later subject to a photoprocessing step, image dyes and/or silver becomes visible on the film. Other types of medium substrates  22  that can bear image content  24  can be used and medium substrate  22  and image content  24  can comprise, for example, films, motion picture films, film negatives, documents, film transparences, fabrics, photographic prints, artwork, printed objects, or any other image graphics or text but not limited thereto. 
     In the embodiment shown, data collection device  30  is joined to medium substrate  22  by way of mechanical fasteners, adhesives or other known means of association or mechanically joining a device to medium substrate  22 . Alternatively, data collection device  30  can be stored on, embedded in or otherwise provided within medium substrate  22  using techniques described in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 10/256,769, 10/256,824, and/or Ser. No. 10/411,624. In one embodiment, data collection device  30  comprises a substrate (not shown). The substrate is then joined to medium  20 . The substrate can have an adhesive layer thereon which can be used for this purpose. Prior to assembly of data collection device  30  and medium  20 , a removable covering or label can be applied over the adhesive to provide a so-called peel-and-stick form of data collection device  30 . In this regard, medium data collection device  20  can be made small and can, for example, be within a range of 10×10×10 microns to 100×400×500 microns. 
       FIG. 2  shows a cutaway view of medium data collection device  20  having one embodiment of a data collection device  30  in accordance with the present invention. As a shown the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , data collection device  30  comprises a communication circuit  32  that is connected to an antenna  42  via leads  34   a  and  34   b , a control circuit  36 , a memory  38 , and an electromagnetic sensor  40 . 
     In a preferred embodiment, data collection device  30  is a relatively low-power device that derives its source power from electromagnetic radiation collected by electromagnetic sensor  40 . In this regard, electromagnetic sensor  40  can be adapted to collect energy from electromagnetic radiation directed at the medium data collection device  30  and to convert this collected electromagnetic radiation into power that operates data collection device  30 . Alternatively, data collection device  30  can be equipped with a power supply  28  such as a chemical battery or a capacitive energy storage unit. In still another embodiment, data collection device  30  can additionally be powered by electrical energy collected by communication circuit  32 . These latter alternatives allow the operation of data collection device  30  under circumstances wherein the electromagnetic radiation directed at medium data collection device  20  is insufficient to allow power from electromagnetic sensor  40  to operate data collection device  30 . 
     In operation, data collection device  30  is activated when electromagnetic sensor  40  senses electromagnetic radiation directed at medium  20  that is characteristic of a use of the medium. For example, medium  20  can be photosensitive film that records images when subjected to a range of exposures to a form of electromagnetic radiation such as visible light or non-visible light such as infrared light, ultra-violet light and x-rays. In such a case, electromagnetic sensor  40  will detect an exposure of medium  20  to light that is within the range of exposure that the film is sensitive to. Alternatively, medium  20  can have image content  24  recorded thereon with image content  24  being useable for purposes such as copying, projection, photographic reproduction, electro-photographic reproduction, scanning or other uses when image content  24  is subject to an exposure to light or other electromagnetic radiation that is characteristic of such use. Here too, sensor  40  can be adapted to detect such a characteristic exposure. 
     In one embodiment, the characteristic exposure can be defined as an exposure to electromagnetic radiation having an intensity that is within a predefined range suitable for using the recorded image content  24  carried by medium substrate  22 . The predefined range of electromagnetic radiation can be any level of electromagnetic radiation that permits accurate use of the recorded image content  24  on medium substrate  22 . This predefined range can vary based upon the type of medium substrate  22 , and the desired level of accuracy. For example, the predefined range of electromagnetic radiation exposure can be defined as a range that is any level sufficient for human observation of the recorded image content  24  on medium substrate  22 . Alternatively, the predefined range of electromagnetic radiation exposure can be defined as a range that is sufficient for machine or other automatic use of the recorded image content  24  on medium substrate  22 . For specific media, such as a motion picture film, the predefined range of electromagnetic radiation exposure can be defined as one that is sufficient, for example, to form an image on an unexposed film or to support projection of the recorded image content  24  on motion picture film for use in exhibition of the motion picture film. In this way, the number of times a motion picture film has been exhibited can be tracked. 
     It will be appreciated that, in this example, the electromagnetic radiation exposure level used for projection is substantially higher than the level used to which the film is exposed during normal handling such as from daylight or conventional interior lighting. Accordingly, mere handling of the motion picture film under conventional ambient lighting conditions will not trigger electromagnetic sensor  40 . 
     The electromagnetic radiation that electromagnetic sensor  40  is sensitive to can take many forms. For example, the electromagnetic radiation can comprise any visible light, infrared light radiation, or ultraviolet light radiation. Other forms of electromagnetic radiation can also be sensed. In this regard, electromagnetic sensor  40  will be adapted to sense one or more preferred form of electromagnetic radiation e.g. visible light and to determine when medium  20  has been exposed to a predetermined level of the at least one preferred form of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic sensor  40  can also detect patterns of exposure intensities over time to identify a characteristic exposure. 
     Electromagnetic sensor  40  provides an exposure signal to controller  36  indicating that medium substrate  22  has been subjected to the characteristic exposure. electromagnetic radiation within the predetermined range of exposures. Controller  36  generates data indicating that medium  20  has been exposed and stores this data in memory  38 . Controller  36  can maintain a record of the number of exposures electromagnetic sensor  40  has detected. However, controller  36  can generate other information. This other information can comprise, for example information indicating the length of each exposure, information indicating the date and time of exposure. In this regard, controller  36  can include a timer for measuring the length of each exposure and/or a clock encounter system for determining a date and time of exposure. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , data collection device  30  can also obtain information from the environment surrounding medium data collection device  20  to determine information such information indicating the location of each exposure and or indicating the equipment or processes by which the exposure has been made. In this regard, data collection device  30  associated with medium  20  can use communication circuit  32  to generate a first electromagnetic magnetic field  44  optionally containing identifying data to a radio frequency reader  50  that is associated with exposure equipment  48  used for making the exposure. Reader  50  responds to first electromagnetic field  44  with a second electromagnetic field  46  having data stored therein such as data that identifies persons who are proximate to the medium data collection device  20  at the time of exposure, exposure equipment  43 , the location of exposure, and/or the processes by which exposure equipment  48  made the exposure. This data can be stored in memory  38  by control circuit  36 . 
     In another embodiment radio frequency reader  50  generates a first electromagnetic field  44  that radiates into an area proximate to data collection device  30 , which in turn responds with a second electromagnetic field identifying medium  20  and receives information such as, persons who are proximate to the medium at the time of exposure, location of exposure, and/or the processes by which the equipment made the exposure which can be stored in memory  38  by controller  36  from radio frequency reader  50 . In still another embodiment, the electromagnetic radiation sensed by electromagnetic radiation sensor  40  could itself be modulated to contain data that can be detected by sensor  40  and stored in memory  38  by control circuit  36 . 
     In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 , radio frequency reader  50  is shown connected to a computer  52  having a database or connected to a network having a database. Radio frequency reader  50  also connects to an antenna  42 . The radio frequency reader  50  and antenna  42  serve as an interface allowing the computer  52  to communicate with memory  32  by control circuit  36 . Radio frequency reader  50  is electrically coupled to computer  52 , by means of a signal interface  54 . Signal interface  54  may be, for example, a standard RS-232C serial connection, a Universal Serial Bus connection, or other type of signal interface known to those of skill in the art. This allows computer  52  to control the operation of radio frequency reader  50  so that radio frequency reader  50  can successively poll one or more medium data collection device  20  in order to selectably access information about one or more medium data collection device  20 . Computer  52 , which may be a standard personal computer or other programmable logic device is programmed to cause radio frequency reader  50  to read data that is stored in memory  32  of data collection device  30  and then to render an output based upon the stored data. This output can be, for example, a database useful in tracking use of medium  20  in adjusting exposure equipment  48  and for other purposes. Computer  52  can also cause data collection device  30  to store data in memory  32  of a selected data collection device  30 . 
     It is important to note that computer  52  can alternately be joined with audio frequency reader  50  in the form of a unitary “hand-held” device. Using this alternate arrangement, an operator can associate information with data collection device  30  fixed to recording  24  or decode information that has already been stored in the memory  32  of such a data collection device  30  without requiring connection to a separate computer  52 . This arrangement would be advantageous, for example, for portable data gathering or annotation purposes. 
     As noted above, one particular application of such a data collection device  30  can be found in the medical industry. For example, the privacy of confidential medical records is a paramount importance in providing effective and timely medical care. Policies at medical facilities and legal requirements typically dictate that only designated positions and staff members are allowed access to particular diagnostic images and other patient information. By providing medical records that are each associated with a data collection device  30 , unauthorized use or copying of the medical records can be quickly detected. This has the effect of deterring unauthorized uses of the records. Even when such use is not deterred, the data obtained by data collection device  30  can be used to provide forensic information that can be used to trace and identify persons making such unauthorized copies. 
     In other particular application of such a data collection device  30  can be found to motion picture industry. In this industry, valuable intellectual property is recorded on a photosensitive films. Here too, when such films are associated with a data collection device  30 , unauthorized use or copying of the films can be quickly detected which has a deterrent effect. Even when such use is not deterred, the data obtained by data collection device  30  can be used to provide forensic information that can be used to trace persons making such unauthorized copies. The use of such a data collection device  30  provide other benefits in motion picture industry in that the data stored in data collection device  30  can be extracted when a motion picture print is returned to a distributor for destruction or redistribution at the end of an exhibition run. This information can be used to confirm the authenticity of the print that has been destroyed and/or obtain information about the use of the prints. In such an application, data collection device can be incorporated into the film print within an area that is illuminated directly during use or in an area that is illuminated indirectly during use such as an area that is adjacent to a directly illuminated area and that receives a fraction of the light from use. 
     The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the scope of the invention as described above, and as noted in the appended claims, by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. 
     PARTS LIST 
     
         
           20  medium 
           22  medium substrate 
           24  image content 
           26  outer surface 
           28  power supply 
           30  data collection device 
           32  communication circuit 
           34   a  lead 
           34   b  lead 
           36  control circuit 
           38  memory 
           40  electromagnetic sensor 
           42  antenna 
           44  first electromagnetic field 
           46  second electromagnetic field 
           48  exposure equipment 
           50  radio frequency reader 
           52  computer 
           54  signal interface