Abstract:
A method for metallizing a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array includes coupling a support structure to an actuator, the support structure supporting a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array, and vibrating the support structure with the actuator. The method can also include the step of fixedly positioning the actuator between a first member and a second member. The vibration can be consistent or it can vary in amplitude and/or frequency over time. The step of fixedly positioning can include the first member having a first mass and the second member having a second mass that is different or less than the first mass. The actuator can include a piezoelectric element. A metalizing assembly for intercalating a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array with a metal includes a first member, a support structure, a second member and an actuator. The support structure is coupled to the first member. The support structure supports the vertically aligned carbon nanotube array. The second member is coupled to the support structure. The actuator is positioned between the first member and the second member. The actuator vibrates the support structure.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    Heat sinks are a necessity in many aspects of modern-day life.  FIG. 1  is a simplified illustration of a heat source  10  and a prior art heat sink  12  positioned in contact with the heat source  10 . Any electrical device containing a processor, or thermal generator such as a screen, can benefit from heat sinks  12  to carry away thermal energy from the heat source  10 . Heat sinks  12  inhibit these devices from overheating and/or failing, which would likely occur almost immediately in the absence of heat sinks  12 , creating serious safety concerns, among other problems. 
         [0002]    Most conventional heat sinks  12  on the market today are made at least primarily of metal, such as a zinc or copper alloy which is attached directly or via a thermal interface material (“TIM”) to the heat source  10 . Heat sinks  12  can range in size from covering the interfacial area of the heat source  10  to several times the size of the heat source  10 . Most prior art heat sinks  12  contain fins  14 , such as those illustrated in  FIG. 1 , that enhance the spread and dissipation of heat over a larger surface area. For example, a heat source  10  that measures 5 cm×5 cm covers an area of 25 cm 2 . By comparison, the prior art heat sink  12  illustrated in  FIG. 1  would have an effective surface area of approximately 260.3 cm 2 , which is roughly ten times that of the heat source  10 . 
         [0003]    Heat sinks  12 , as well as heat spreaders, heat tubes and thermal interface materials all work, sometimes in concert to transfer heat away from the heat source  10 . The heat sink  12  is usually the last in this chain and owes its effectiveness to the high surface area boundary with the surrounding gas, in most cases, air. The thermal energy from the heat sink  12  is transferred to the gas molecules via surface collisions. The energy is then dissipated through gas-gas energy transfer. Classical heat sinks  12  have substantially reached the limit of machinability in terms of the maximization of surface area. 
         [0004]    Recently, vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays with various polymers added to the arrays have been used as heat sinks  12 . In one conventional metalizationvertically aligned process used to produce metalized poly-vertically aligned carbon nanotube thermal interface materials (MPoly-VACNT TIM), thermal evaporation is used to deposit metal onto the tips of the VACNT. However, these conventional methods of metal evaporation are not altogether satisfactory. For example, these prior art methods do not sufficiently allow for intercalation of the metal into the VACNT array. It logically follows that with these typical methods, the metal does not adequately or completely flow or penetrate to the level of a support substrate upon which the VACNT sits. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    The present invention is directed toward a method for metallizing a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of coupling a support structure to an actuator, the support structure supporting a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array, and vibrating the support structure with the actuator. 
         [0006]    In one embodiment, the method further includes the step of depositing a metal onto the vertically aligned carbon nanotube array while vibrating the support structure with the actuator. 
         [0007]    In some embodiments, the metal can be selected from the group consisting of a metalloid, a transition metal, a metal alloy and a combination of a transition metal and a non-transition metal. 
         [0008]    In certain embodiments, the step of depositing can include using chemical vapor deposition. Alternatively, the step of depositing can include using physical vapor deposition. 
         [0009]    In one embodiment, the step of depositing includes the step of using low-pressure thermal evaporation. 
         [0010]    In some embodiments, the step of vibrating the support structure includes vibrating the support structure with the actuator at a rate of between approximately 1 Hz and approximately 10,000 Hz. 
         [0011]    In certain embodiments, the step of vibrating the support structure includes vibrating the support structure with the actuator at a rate that changes over time. 
         [0012]    In various embodiments, the method further includes the step of fixedly positioning the actuator between a first member and a second member. 
         [0013]    In some embodiments, the step of fixedly positioning includes the actuator directly contacting the first member and the second member. 
         [0014]    In certain embodiments, the step of fixedly positioning includes the first member having a first mass and the second member having a second mass that is less than the first mass. 
         [0015]    In various embodiments, the step of fixedly positioning includes positioning the second member substantially between the first member and the support structure. 
         [0016]    In some embodiments, the step of coupling includes holding the support substrate in position between two substrate holders. 
         [0017]    In many embodiments, the actuator includes one or more piezoelectric elements. 
         [0018]    The present invention is also directed toward a metalizing assembly for intercalating a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array with a metal. In certain embodiments, the metalizing assembly includes a first member, a support structure, a second member and an actuator. The support structure can be coupled to the first member. The support structure can be configured to support the vertically aligned carbon nanotube array. The second member can be coupled to the support structure. The actuator can be fixedly positioned between the first member and the second member. Further, the actuator can be configured to selectively vibrate the support structure. 
         [0019]    In some embodiments, the actuator can be configured to vibrate the support structure at a rate of between approximately 1 Hz and approximately 10,000 Hz, or approximately 2 Hz and approximately 1500 Hz. 
         [0020]    In certain embodiments, the actuator can be configured to vibrate the support structure at a rate that changes over time. 
         [0021]    In various embodiments, the second member can be positioned between the first member and the support structure. 
         [0022]    In some embodiments, the first member has a first mass, and the second member has a second mass that is less than the first mass. 
         [0023]    In certain embodiments, one of the first member and the second member can have a tri-arm configuration. 
         [0024]    In one embodiment, each of the first member and the second member have a tri-arm configuration. 
         [0025]    In many embodiments, the actuator can include a piezoelectric element. 
         [0026]    The present invention is also directed toward a metalized vertically aligned carbon nanotube array and/or a heat sink that is manufactured using any of the devices and/or methods provided herein. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0027]    The novel features of this invention, as well as the invention itself, both as to its structure and its operation, will be best understood from the accompanying drawings, taken in conjunction with the accompanying description, in which similar reference characters refer to similar parts, and in which: 
           [0028]      FIG. 1  is a simplified side view of a heat source and a prior art heat sink; 
           [0029]      FIG. 2  is a top view taken with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of a portion of a metalized vertically aligned carbon nanotube array, and a simplified representative illustration of one carbon nanotube; 
           [0030]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a support substrate and a metalizer assembly having features of the present invention; 
           [0031]      FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of the metalizer assembly and the support substrate taken on line  4 - 4  in  FIG. 3 , with a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array secured to the support substrate; 
           [0032]      FIG. 5  is a simplified side view of the support substrate and a portion of one embodiment of a metalized vertically aligned carbon nanotube array following processing by the metalizer assembly; 
           [0033]      FIG. 6  is a simplified side view of the support substrate and a portion of another embodiment of the metalized vertically aligned carbon nanotube array following processing by the metalizer assembly; and 
           [0034]      FIG. 7  is a simplified side view of the support substrate and a portion of another embodiment of the metalized vertically aligned carbon nanotube array following processing by the metalizer assembly. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
       [0035]    A metalized vertically aligned carbon nanotube (“MVACNT”) heat sink described and illustrated herein addresses this and other challenges through guided molecular assembly of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (“VACNT”) arrays and subsequent deposition of metal on the nanotubes and substrate. Carbon nanotubes (“CNT”) themselves have an extremely high thermal conductivity, on the order of roughly 1000 W/(m*K), along and through the carbon Tr-orbitals which compose the curved planes of their long axes. The deposition of metal increases the effectiveness of the structure of this sink by allowing both phonon and electronic thermal conduction through the nanotubes. One of the key advantages to the MVACNT heat sink design is the air-exposed surface area. 
         [0036]      FIG. 2  is a top view of a portion of an MVACNT array  216  taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM image in  FIG. 2  has an area of approximately 11 μm 2 , and shows one embodiment of the MVACNT array  216  which has been embedded with TiO2 for ease of counting the tips of single nanotubes  218  within the array  216 . Within the image, there are approximately  65  discernable carbon nanotubes  218 . The average diameter of each of the nanotubes  218  is approximately  100  nm with an approximate 0.2 cm height. In this embodiment, the density of carbon nanotubes  218  in this array  216  is at least approximately 590 million carbon nanotubes 218 per cm 2 . Using the formula derived from the image and carbon nanotubes  218  schematic, a surface area of an average nanotube  218  can be calculated and scaled to the source surface area used previously, e.g. 25 cm 2 . Thus, in this example, the total surface area of the carbon nanotube array  216  in this embodiment equals 92,781 cm 2 , which is greater than approximately 3,700 cm 2  for each cm 2  of the source surface area. This surface area of the carbon nanotube array  216  is roughly 357 times greater than the surface area of the conventional heat sink  12  (illustrated in  FIG. 1 ). Even at 10% efficiency compared to the heat sink  12  in  FIG. 1 , the MVACNT heat sink  216  would perform at least approximately 35 times more effectively. 
         [0037]    In non-exclusive, alternative embodiments, a density of carbon nanotubes  218  in a carbon nanotube array  216  can be within the range of 1.0×10 4  to 1.0×10 9  carbon nanotubes  218  (or greater) per cm 2 . Further, each of a plurality of the carbon nanotubes  218  can have a nanotube height  220  of between 0.001 cm and 1.0 cm. Additionally or alternatively, each of a plurality of the carbon nanotubes  218  can have a nanotube diameter  222  of between 10 nm and 10 μm. In still other embodiments, the nanotube height  220  of each of the plurality of the carbon nanotubes  218  can be less than 0.001 cm or greater than 1.0 cm. and/or the nanotube diameter  222  of each of the plurality of the carbon nanotubes  218  can be less than 10 nm or greater than 10 μm. Still alternatively, or in addition, by varying the density, the nanotube height  220  and/or the nanotube diameter  222  of the carbon nanotubes  218 , a total surface area of the carbon nanotube array  216  is achieved which is within the range of 10 cm 2  to 10,000 cm 2  for each cm 2  of source surface area. 
         [0038]    It is understood that the specific densities, spacing, heights, diameters, etc. of the carbon nanotubes  218  and their arrays  216  can be varied by certain methods that include varying the manufacturing processes and materials. For example, the use of different substrates, metal catalysts, reactionary and/or passive gasses in conjunction with varying time, temperature and pressure during certain steps of the growing process can widely impact the density of the carbon nanotube array  216 , the spacing between the carbon nanotubes  218 , and/or the nanotube height  220  and/or nanotube diameter  222  of the carbon nanotubes  218  within the carbon nanotube array  216 . 
         [0039]    The MVACNT heat sink  216  was designed to meet the continuing thermal challenges stemming from the ever-increasing density of devices per processor and decrease in heat source size. In addition, the low profile of the MVACNT heat sink  216  will allow for insertion into volumes where only very thin heat spreaders can currently reside. 
         [0040]    In one embodiment, the manufacture of the MVACNT heat sink  216  can generally include a two-step process. In the first step, chemical vapor deposition (“CVD”), or any other suitable method, is employed to grow VACNT from a nanotemplated transition metal catalyst on a support substrate  324  (illustrated in  FIG. 3 ). At least some of the controls of the CVD process are: gas type (typically methane, ethylene, etc.), temperature (approximately 500-850° C.), pressure (between approximately less than 1 and 50 atm) and/or flow rate. 
         [0041]    Second, the process of metalization occurs. To address the mechanical challenges stated herein, as well as other difficulties, the manufacturing method provided herein for the MVACNT heat sink  216  was developed. Referring now to  FIG. 3 , as an overview, the manufacturing method for the MVACNT heat sink  216  (illustrated in  FIG. 2 ) can apply mid- to high-frequency modulation via one or more actuators, such as a piezoelectric actuator, or other suitable types of actuators or motors (hereinafter referred to generally as “actuator”) to a VACNT array grown on a solid support substrate. 
         [0042]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a support substrate  324  and a metalizer assembly  326 . The support substrate  324  can be formed from any suitable material that can support VACNT. For example, in one embodiment, the support substrate  324  is formed substantially from silicon or a silicon-based material. 
         [0043]    In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the metalizer assembly  326  includes a radial arm design. In one embodiment, the metalizer assembly  326  includes one or more of an upper member  328  (also referred to herein as a “first member”), a spaced apart lower member  330  (also referred to herein as a “second member”), a member fastener  332 , one or more substrate holders  334 , one or more actuators  335  (only one actuator  335  is illustrated in  FIG. 3 ), and one or more substrate fasteners  336 , It is recognized that the terms “upper member” and “lower member” are used for orientation purposes only relative to the metalizer assemblies illustrated in the Figures, and are not intended to be limiting in any manner with respect to other possible orientations of the metalizer assembly. Further, in some embodiments, at least one of the first member  328  and the second member  330  are omitted from the metalizer assembly  326 . 
         [0044]    In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the first member  328  includes a plurality of first arms  338  (three first arms  338  are illustrated in  FIG. 3 ) and a first hub  340 . In one embodiment, the first arms  338  are oriented in radially in a spoke-like manner relative to the first hub  340 . It is recognized that the first member  328  can have any number of first arms  338 , greater or fewer than three. In an alternative embodiment, the first member  328  can have a different configuration than a spoke-type configuration illustrated in the Figures. In various alternative non-exclusive embodiments, the first member  328  can be somewhat disk-shaped, triangular, square, linear, or the first member  328  can have any other suitable geometry. The first member  328  can be formed from any relatively rigid material, such as various metals or metal alloys, ceramics, or other suitable materials. 
         [0045]    In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the second member  330  is spaced apart from the first member  328 . In this embodiment, the second member  330  includes a plurality of second arms  342  (three second arms  342  are illustrated in  FIG. 3 ) and a second hub  344  (illustrated in  FIG. 4 , for example). In one embodiment, the second arms  342  are oriented in radially in a spoke-like manner relative to the second hub  344 . It is recognized that the second member  330  can have any number of second arms  342 , greater or fewer than three. In an alternative embodiment, the second member  330  can have a different configuration than a spoke-type configuration illustrated in the Figures. In various alternative non-exclusive embodiments, the second member  330  can be somewhat disk-shaped, triangular, square, linear, or the second member  330  can have any other suitable geometry. In one embodiment, the second member  330  can have a substantially similar configuration (as viewed from above in  FIG. 3 ) as the first member  328 . Still alternatively, the second member  330  can have a different configuration (as viewed from above in  FIG. 3 ) than the first member  328 . The second member  330  can be formed from any relatively rigid material, such as various metals or metal alloys, ceramics, or other suitable materials. In one embodiment, the second member  330  is positioned between the first member  328  and the support substrate  324 . 
         [0046]    In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the member fastener  332  couples and/or connects the first member  328  to the second member  330 . In one embodiment, the member fastener  332  can include a threaded member  346  such as a screw or a bolt, and a threaded tightener  348  such as a nut. Alternatively, other suitable types of fasteners can be used for the member fastener  332 . 
         [0047]    The substrate holders  334  hold the support substrate  324  in position. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the substrate holders  334  can abut a perimeter edge  350  of the support substrate  324  with enough force to hold the support substrate in place. Alternatively, the substrate holders  334  can contact or abut the support substrate  324  at a different location than the perimeter edge  350 . 
         [0048]    In one embodiment, the substrate holders  334  can be formed from a somewhat resilient material having a relatively high Young&#39;s modulus. In certain embodiments, the number of substrate holders  334  corresponds to the number of first arms  338  and/or second arms  342 . For example, in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the metalizer assembly  326  includes three substrate holders  334 . Alternatively, the metalizer assembly  326  can include a quantity of substrate holders  334  that is greater or fewer than the number of first arms  338  and/or second arms  342 . 
         [0049]    In various embodiments, the actuator  335  causes direct movement, e.g. vibration of the first member  328  and the second member  330 . The actuator  335  also causes indirect vibration of the substrate holders  334 , and thus, the support substrate  324 , due to the movement and/or vibration of the first member  328  and the second member  330 . In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the actuator  335  is fixedly positioned directly between the first member  328  and the second member  330  so that the actuator  335  is in direct contact with the first member  328  and the second member  330 . Alternatively, the actuator  335  may not be in direct contact with the first member  328  and/or the second member  330 . In one embodiment, the actuator  335  is positioned directly between the first hub  340  and the second hub  344  (illustrated in  FIG. 4 ). Alternatively, the actuator  335  can be positioned in other suitable locations to cause the desired movement and/or vibration of the support substrate  324  (directly or indirectly). 
         [0050]    In one embodiment, the actuator  335  can include one or more piezoelectric elements. Alternatively, the actuator  335  can include other suitable types of actuation devices that cause the desired movement and/or vibration of the support substrate  324  (directly or indirectly). The size and/or shape of the actuator  335  can vary to suit the design requirements of the metalizer assembly  326 . In one embodiment, the actuator  335  can be disk-shaped or circular. Alternatively, the actuator  335  can have another suitable configuration or geometry. 
         [0051]    The substrate fasteners  336  maintain the positioning of the support substrate  324  relative to the first member  328 , the second member  330 , the substrate holders  334  and the actuator  335  so that the movement of the actuator  335  is satisfactorily transferred to the support substrate  324 . In one embodiment, the actuator  335  can vibrate at a frequency between approximately 1 Hz to approximately 10,000 Hz. In non-exclusive alternative embodiments, the frequency of vibration can be approximately 2 Hz to approximately 1,000 Hz, approximately 5 Hz to approximately 500 Hz, or approximately 10 Hz to approximately 100 Hz. Alternatively, the actuator  335  can vibrate at frequencies outside of the foregoing ranges. Still alternatively, the actuator  335  can vibrate at rates that fluctuate. In one non-exclusive embodiment, the actuator  335  can vibrate for a certain time period at one vibration rate, and then change the vibration rate for another period of time. This fluctuation can continue with any number of vibration frequencies for any periods of time. Still alternatively, the vibration rate can gradually change over time. In another embodiment, the amplitude of the vibration can be constant, or the amplitude of the vibration can change over time. 
         [0052]      FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of the metalizer assembly  326  and the support substrate  324  taken on line  4 - 4  in  FIG. 3 , with a vertically aligned carbon nanotube array  416  secured to the support substrate  324 . During the metalization step, chemical vapor deposition and/or physical vapor deposition can be used with the metalizer assembly  326  in order to metalize the VACNT array  416 . The types of metals that can be used to metalize the VACNT array  416  can include any metaloids, transition metals, metal alloys, and/or a combination of transition metals and non-transition metals (collectively referred to herein simply as “metal(s)”). 
         [0053]    In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the first member  328  has a first thickness  452  that is greater than a second thickness  454  of the second member  330 . In one embodiment where the first member  328  and the second member  330  are formed from substantially the same material, the first member  328  would have a greater mass than the second member  330 . In this embodiment, or any embodiment where the first member  328  has a mass that is greater than the second member  330 , a higher level of top stabilization occurs. With this design, in-plane support substrate  324  bending is inhibited, while vibrational transfer to the supported VACNT array  216  is increased. Therefore, the bulk of the vibration of the actuator  335  transfers through the second member  330  through the substrate holders  334  to the support substrate  324 , and ultimately to the VACNT array  416 . In alternative embodiments, the first member  328  has a mass that is substantially the same or is less than the mass of the second member  330 . 
         [0054]    In some embodiments, the relatively high frequency of the vibration transfers to the VACNT array  416 , creating local break points in the cross-plane Van der Waals forces between the individual carbon nanotubes  218  (illustrated in  FIG. 2 ). In one embodiment, the vibrational motion of the actuator  335  as transferred to the carbon nanotubes  218  can be on a variable time scale, while the impinging transition metal from the chemical and/or physical vapor deposition process can be at a relatively steady state. With this design, the intercalation of the metal(s) can be controlled, even with carbon nanotubes  218  having different nanotube lengths  220  (illustrated in  FIG. 2 ) and nanotube diameters  222  (illustrated in  FIG. 2 ). Alternatively, the time scale of the vibrational motion of the actuator  335 , and/or the rate of impinging metal(s) from the chemical and/or physical vapor deposition process can be tailored to suit the design requirements of the MVACNT heat sink manufacturing process. 
         [0055]      FIG. 5  is a simplified side view of a portion of a MVACNT heat sink  500  and a portion of the support substrate  324  and a portion of one embodiment of a metalized vertically aligned carbon nanotube (MVACNT) array  556  following processing by the metalizer assembly  326  (illustrated in  FIG. 3 ). In this embodiment, the MVACNT array  556  includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes  518  (seven carbon nanotubes  518  are illustrated in  FIG. 5 ) which are substantially completely intercalated with the metal(s)  558  described herein. 
         [0056]      FIG. 6  is a simplified side view of a portion of a MVACNT heat sink  600  and a portion of a portion of the support substrate  324  and a portion of another embodiment of a metalized vertically aligned carbon nanotube (MVACNT) array  656  following processing by the metalizer assembly  326  (illustrated in  FIG. 3 ). In this embodiment, the MVACNT array  656  includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes  618  (seven carbon nanotubes  618  are illustrated in  FIG. 6 ) which are partially intercalated with the metal(s)  658  described herein. 
         [0057]      FIG. 7  is a simplified side view of a portion of a MVACNT heat sink  700  and a portion of a portion of the support substrate  324  and a portion of another embodiment of a metalized vertically aligned carbon nanotube (MVACNT) array  756  following processing by the metalizer assembly  326  (illustrated in  FIG. 3 ). In this embodiment, the MVACNT array  756  includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes  718  (seven carbon nanotubes  718  are illustrated in  FIG. 7 ) having distal ends  760  onto which the metal(s)  758  have only been deposited. 
         [0058]    Although  FIGS. 5-7  illustrate three possible outcomes while utilizing the metalizer assembly  326  described herein, it is understood that the VACNT arrays  556 ,  656 ,  756 , can be metalized to any desired extent with the described metalizer assembly  326  by adjusting the vibration rate, time of vibration at different rates, spacing between carbon nanotubes, type of metal(s) used in the metalization step, etc. Additionally, the effectiveness of the eventual MVACNT heat sink  500 ,  600 ,  700 , that is manufactured by the methods described herein can likewise be tailored based on those and other factors known to those skilled in the art. 
         [0059]    The method of manufacture of the MVACNT heat sink  500 ,  600 ,  700 , meets the continuing thermal challenges stemming from the ever-increasing density of devices per processor and decrease in source size. In addition, the methods of manufacture provided herein create a low profile of the MVACNT heat sink  500 ,  600 ,  700 , and will allow for insertion into volumes where only very thin heat spreaders can currently reside. 
         [0060]    Embodiments of the present invention are described herein in the context of a method of manufacture of the MVACNT heat sink  500 ,  600 ,  700 . Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the following detailed description of the present invention is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Other embodiments of the present invention will readily suggest themselves to such skilled persons having the benefit of this disclosure. 
         [0061]    In the interest of clarity, not all of the routine features of the implementations described herein are shown and described. It will, of course, be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to achieve the developer&#39;s specific goals, such as compliance with application- and business-related constraints, and that these specific goals will vary from one implementation to another and from one developer to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of engineering for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. 
         [0062]    It is understood that although a number of different embodiments of methods of manufacture of the MVACNT heat sink  500 ,  600 ,  700 , have been described herein, one or more features of any one embodiment can be combined with one or more features of one or more of the other embodiment, provided that such combination satisfies the intent of the present invention. 
         [0063]    While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments of the method of manufacture of the MVACNT heat sink  500 ,  600 ,  700 , have been shown and disclosed herein above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the system and method shall be interpreted to include all such modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope, and no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown.