Abstract:
A system and method to assist in the prevention of the transfer of infectious diseases. More particularly, a system and method that monitors and alerts caregivers to cleanse, sanitize, and/or wash their hands prior to engaging with other individuals in their care. The disclosed technology includes beacons in wireless communication with a mobile computing device, such as a smart phone, that monitors, alerts and reports on compliance by caregivers and other healthcare workers to ensure that they routinely cleanse, sanitize and/or wash their hands prior to and after contacting a patient at a hospital, nursing home, clinic, office and/or similar environment. The beacons are located in a patient&#39;s wristband and in a disinfectant dispenser. The disclosed technology can monitor the patient at all times the patient is in the healthcare facility.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/248,016 filed Oct. 29, 2015 and titled SYSTEM AND METHOD OF MONITORING AND ALERTING HEALTHCARE WORKERS TO HELP PREVENT TRANSFER OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE TECHNOLOGY 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to a system and method that assists in the prevention of the transfer of infectious diseases. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The prevention of transferring infectious diseases is a major and ongoing concern in hospitals and similar environments where care and treatments are provided to those that suffer from any disease process. In the healthcare industry, it is an accepted fact that good hand hygiene is of paramount importance in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. There is substantial data to support the fact that infectious diseases are transmitted after routine activities involving direct contact between healthcare workers and patients and then direct contact between the same healthcare workers and other patients before the healthcare workers have sanitized or washed their hands. By the same token, transmission of infectious diseases may also take place via indirect contact by touching contaminated surfaces or clothing, as well as wheelchairs and bed rails used to transport patients. 
         [0004]    As a result of the transmission of infectious diseases at hospitals, a significant percentage of patients admitted to the facility develop hospital-acquired infections (HAI) that are unrelated to their initial reason for admission. This adds a further strain upon, and causes an expenditure of resources necessary to treat, these patients. Even more troublesome is the fact that thousands of these patients who acquire infections at hospitals die each year. 
         [0005]    To help solve the problem, many healthcare facilities have instituted policies and practices that encourage healthcare workers to practice good hygiene and wash their hands. However, compliance with these policies is well below par. Even when objective monitoring and/or direct observation is instituted by a facility utilizing, for example, a nurse manager or infection control practitioners, reliability and compliance remains less than optimal. Therefore, a system is needed that can increase compliance with good hygiene policies. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    The present disclosure is to a system and method to assist in the prevention of the transfer of infectious diseases. More particularly, the disclosed technology involves a system and method that monitors and alerts caregivers to cleanse, sanitize, and/or wash their hands prior to engaging with other individuals in their care. Even more specifically, the disclosed technology includes beacons in wireless communication with a mobile computing device, such as a smart phone, that monitors, alerts and reports on compliance by caregivers and other healthcare workers to ensure that they routinely cleanse, sanitize and/or wash their hands prior to and after contacting a patient at a hospital, nursing home, clinic, office and/or similar environment. The beacons are located in a patient&#39;s wristband and in a disinfectant dispenser. The disclosed technology can monitor the patient in and beyond the closed space of an individual room (i.e. at all times the patient is in the hospital). 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]      FIG. 1  is a system diagram illustrating beacon detection and reporting as well as patient bracelet beacon association 
           [0008]      FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for detecting a patient&#39;s beacon on approach by a healthcare worker and reporting compliance with disinfecting protocols. 
           [0009]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process that occurs when a caregiver departs from the vicinity of a patient. 
           [0010]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process that occurs when a caregiver uses a soap or disinfectant dispenser to disinfect the caregiver&#39;s hands. 
           [0011]      FIG. 5  is an example graphical user interface showing a mobile interface login screen according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0012]      FIG. 6  is an example graphical user interface showing a mobile interface user end license agreement screen according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0013]      FIG. 7  is an example graphical user interface showing a mobile interface dashboard screen according to one embodiment of the present disclosure 
           [0014]      FIG. 8  is an example graphical user interface showing a mobile interface compliance interaction details screen according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0015]      FIG. 9  illustrates the ease with which infection can spread by a caregiver in a healthcare facility. 
           [0016]      FIG. 10  illustrates the various components of one embodiment of the disclosed invention. 
           [0017]      FIG. 11  illustrates how the various components of the disclosed invention communicate to each other. 
           [0018]      FIG. 12  illustrates the system detecting a patient&#39;s beacon on approach by a caregiver and reporting compliance with disinfecting protocols or warning to disinfect. 
           [0019]      FIG. 13  illustrates the system detecting a patient&#39;s beacon as a caregiver is within the vicinity of a patient and reporting compliance or non-compliance to the cloud. 
           [0020]      FIG. 14  illustrates the system detecting a patient&#39;s beacon when a caregiver departs from the vicinity of a patient and reporting compliance or warning caregiver to disinfect. 
           [0021]      FIG. 15  illustrates the system detecting a patient&#39;s beacon when a caregiver is away from the vicinity of a recently visited patient and alerting the cloud of compliance or non-compliance. 
           [0022]      FIG. 16  is an exemplary hospital report that includes a visual overview of the information in the form of graphs. 
           [0023]      FIG. 17  is an exemplary hospital report that includes a visual overview of the information in the form of charts that is time-stamped. 
           [0024]      FIG. 18  is an example graphical user interface showing a mobile interface compliance list screen according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0025]      FIG. 19  is an example graphical user interface showing a mobile interface compliance graph screen according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0026]      FIG. 20  is a schematic block diagram depicting an example computing system used in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0027]    In view of the difficulty in getting healthcare workers to practice good hand hygiene, despite the ease with which hospital-acquired infections can knowingly be transmitted, as illustrated in  FIG. 9 , a system and corresponding method are disclosed to monitor and alert healthcare workers to cleanse, sanitize and/or wash their hands prior to, and after engaging, individuals or patients in their care. The system and methods disclosed herein include reporting of hand hygiene compliance by healthcare workers. 
         [0028]    With reference to  FIG. 1  through  FIG. 4 , the system of the present system comprises one or more computer servers operated by machine-readable software instructions present on non-transitory computer readable storage media to perform a variety of functions. With respect to the computer hardware of the system, CPU-based hardware, computers, and/or servers are arranged to communicate with one another and with one or more databases and/or data stores, preferably residing therein, which are used to store data of the types described herein. When and after data is stored, the servers and software parse and filter the data pursuant to encoded instructions to allow a user to search for specific data. In addition to using on-site hardware and software, it should be appreciated that data may be stored, and the software with program instructions on non-transitory hardware storage media described herein, may be implemented, virtually or otherwise, utilizing secure services provided by a third party service. Moreover, one or more relational databases are implemented for storing information regarding patient beacon bracelets, hygienic dispensers, hospitals, patients, healthcare workers/caregivers, and one or more relationships between them as well additional data, metadata and algorithms, emergency contact numbers and allergy information. The one or more databases also store the mobile application user credentials and analytics data. Additional details pertaining to the hardware are provided below. 
         [0029]    Generally, the disclosed system includes a Bluetooth low energy beacon embedded into, on, or within a few inches of a hands-free sanitizer or soap dispenser, wherein the beacon is enabled when the dispenser is in use. As illustrated in  FIGS. 10 and 11 , the system may also include a second Bluetooth low energy beacon that is embedded into a patient wristband or hospital bracelet and a computing device hosting a mobile application that can detect the beacons in patient wristbands and soap/sanitizer dispensers and communicate with the beacons and with a server according to predefined logic. This communication can be recorded in the cloud in order to facilitate further data analytics. 
         [0030]    Upon detecting a beacon embedded into a disinfection material dispenser, the caregiver&#39;s mobile application, which can be installed on the caregiver&#39;s mobile device, can report a disinfection action to the server. Based on the disinfection of hands or lack thereof and the logic regarding approaching and departing from patients, compliance or non-compliance is reported to the cloud server by the caregiver&#39;s mobile application. 
         [0031]      FIG. 1  is a system diagram illustrating beacon detection and reporting, via a network, to the backend of the system where data is stored, as well as patient bracelet beacon association. The caregiver&#39;s mobile application on the caregiver&#39;s mobile device can constantly scan for Bluetooth low energy beacons. Upon detecting a beacon embedded into a bracelet worn by a patient, the mobile application can display a notification and sound a warning if the caregiver has not recently disinfected his/her hands. When the caregiver departs from the patient, if the caregiver does not disinfect his/her hands before moving a distance D 1  from the patient, a warning is displayed and sounded. To determine the caregiver&#39;s location, the mobile application may utilize a global positioning system (GPS) or wireless tracking feature. The patient&#39;s beacon may also transmit its relative location, so that the mobile application can compare the location of the patient&#39;s beacon to the location of the caregiver&#39;s mobile application. In some embodiments, the caregiver&#39;s mobile device has a beacon, in which case the mobile device beacon can have its own GPS or wireless tracking device. 
         [0032]    With reference to  FIG. 2  through  FIG. 4 , a hospital mobile application enables designated staff or IT personnel to associate a beacon with a single patient. This can occur through the use of a patient wristband with an embedded beacon. This association enables the tracking of compliance and non-compliance in interactions between caregivers and any particular patient. The association process is performed by entering the “beacon/patient pairing” mode of the application. In this mode, the application scans for Bluetooth low energy beacons with the predefined UUID and, upon detection, displays information of one or more detected beacons. The designated hospital staff selects the correct beacon from the list and continues on to enter the patient&#39;s information. The beacon information (UUID, major, minor, mac address values) as well as the patient information are transmitted to the cloud server via the cloud API and saved to the database. 
         [0033]      FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for detecting a patient&#39;s beacon on approach by a caregiver and reporting compliance with disinfecting protocols.  FIG. 12  further illustrates this process. When a caregiver gets within X feet (for example, five feet) of a beacon wristband, if caregiver did not disinfect hands in the last N minutes (for example, two minutes), a warning beep is sounded. If the caregiver disinfected hands in the last N minutes, then no warning is sounded. If the caregiver is still within the X feet distance after S seconds (for example, 30 seconds), then if caregiver did not disinfect hands in the last N minutes, a more severe warning is sounded and non-compliance is registered. If caregiver did disinfect hands in the last N minutes, no warning is sounded and compliance is registered. It should be appreciated that the amount of distance and time can be customized and altered, as needed, depending on desired protocols and desired compliance for a particular facility, and, in some embodiments, the facility floor. 
         [0034]    If the system detects that the caregiver is within X feet from one or more additional patients for over s seconds, a special warning may be sounded reminding the caregiver to disinfect hands between treating the various patients, and the application will report the caregiver as having visited the one more additional patients.  FIG. 13  illustrates this process. This may not appear in the report the caregiver can see, but it may appear in the hospital report in order to allow tracking of disease spreading. 
         [0035]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process that occurs when a caregiver departs from the vicinity of a patient.  FIGS. 14 and 15  further illustrates this process. After being within the X feet distance (for example, five feet) for at least S seconds (for example, 30 seconds), if the caregiver gets over D 1  distance (for example, eight feet) from the beacon wristband, if the caregiver did not disinfect hands since being with the patient, a warning beep is sounded. Conversely, if the caregiver did disinfect hands since being with the patient, no warning is sounded. Further, if the caregiver is over D 2  feet (for example, 15 feet) from the beacon bracelet then, if caregiver did not disinfect hands since being with the patient, a more severe warning is sounded and non-compliance is registered. Conversely, if caregiver did disinfect hands since being with the patient, then no warning is sounded and compliance is registered. 
         [0036]    Additionally, it should be appreciated that both compliance and non-compliance should be reported to the cloud. For example, reporting to the cloud can occur by reporting all patient approaching and departing actions by the caregiver. 
         [0037]    In some embodiments, a beacon is fitted to or near a soap/sanitizer dispenser. Therefore, a soap/sanitizer dispenser fitted with a beacon may broadcast when the soap/sanitizer dispenser is in use. More specifically, with reference to  FIG. 4 , once a caregiver uses a soap or disinfectant dispenser, the beacon in the dispenser is enabled, a broadcast is made from the beacon, and the broadcast is detected by the caregiver&#39;s mobile application. When the mobile application detects the broadcast, it can report to the cloud and register the caregiver as having washed hands. At that point, the compliance is reported and registered on the server. The system can sound a confirmation message upon detecting the dispenser beacon so that the caregiver knows the action has been registered. 
         [0038]    The system and methods of the present disclosure are implemented in part via a series of graphical user interfaces (GUI), which can include various pages such as, but not limited to, a tutorial screen, a login screen, an end user license agreement (EULA) screen, a dashboard screen, and a compliance/non-compliance interaction details screen. Generally, the GUI paradigm is designed to enable a user to dig deeper into screen hierarchy. For example, a menu option can appear on all top-level screens, allowing for display of the menu and direct access to all top-level menu items. Additionally, all content screens that are displayed in tables or grids can have pull-to-refresh functionality. 
         [0039]    In one embodiment of the disclosed system, the login screen, illustrated in  FIG. 5 , is the first screen displayed to the user after installation and/or opening of the application from closed mode. The login screen may require input of an email and password for access to the system. In some embodiments, the email and password are auto-generated by the system when the user&#39;s information is input into the system. For example, input of an email address may auto populate a corresponding password that a user can input into the system for access. Preferably, the email and password input fields are enabled to undergo data validation based on predefined criteria and, when a valid email and password are entered, the user can access additional features of the system. If a valid email and password are not entered, the system may present the user with an appropriate error message. This error message may indicate that the entered information is not valid. Alternatively, it may indicate that the email and/or password are wrong or, if the user has not yet confirmed the email address, it may indicate the lack of confirmation. 
         [0040]    In addition to the email and password input fields, a forgot password input may be available to a user who remembers his or her email, but cannot recall his or her password. This feature is available for pre-existing email addresses and, after requesting password information, the system may send the password to the entered email address. 
         [0041]    After the system validates the user&#39;s credentials, it can display a EULA screen, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . When the user, in some embodiments, indicates acceptance of the EULA terms, the system will display a home screen or dashboard. Preferably, the user cannot access the home screen/dashboard until the user has accepted the EULA terms. In one embodiment, the user will be presented with a EULA screen each time the user accesses the system. In another embodiment, the user will be presented with a EULA screen the first time the user accesses the system and, thereafter, may never be presented with it again or may intermittently be presented with it. 
         [0042]    As illustrated in the interface illustrated in  FIG. 7 , some embodiments of the disclosed system may include a dashboard or summary GUI that displays an information summary regarding compliance and non-compliance across all caregiver&#39;s patient interactions. The dashboard GUI may enable users to view information over various time periods. For example, the user may be able to select whether to view information from today, yesterday, the previous seven days, the current month, the previous month, the current year, the last year, or any other time period. 
         [0043]    The dashboard GUI may also indicate compliance percentages for the selected time period and, in some embodiments, may compare the selected time period against a yearly pre-defined compliance level. If the selected time period is below the yearly pre-defined compliance level, the dashboard GUI may alert the user by, for example, changing the color, font, or text size of the text disclosing the selected time period&#39;s compliance percentage. 
         [0044]    In addition to compliance percentages, the dashboard GUI may include a bar chart, such as that displayed in  FIG. 7 , illustrating compliance and non-compliance in bar form. To distinguish between compliance and non-compliance bars, different colors or patterns may be used. For clarity, the compliance and non-compliant totals may be shown below or above the chart along with the corresponding percentage. 
         [0045]    In some embodiments, if a user desires to see more detailed information, the user can interact with the dashboard GUI by selecting compliance or non-compliance cells, which navigate the user to the compliance/non-compliance interaction details GUI and display the appropriate data. 
         [0046]    At the compliance/non-compliance interaction details interface, the system illustrates details of interactions with patients, as illustrated in  FIG. 8 . More specifically, the interface may display a list of the compliant and non-compliant interactions with patients, with each patient&#39;s identifying information in an interaction cell. In a preferred embodiment, the system will include a patient&#39;s medical record number in place of the patient&#39;s name. For example, each interaction cell may include a patient&#39;s name and the date and time of the patient&#39;s last interaction with a caregiver. 
         [0047]    In some embodiments, the compliance/non-compliance interaction details interface may have two lists, a first list for compliant interactions and a second list for non-compliant interactions. These lists may be on the same interface, or the system may enable the user to toggle between the lists. The compliance/non-compliance interaction details interface may also have a navigation feature that enables a user to leave the interface. For example, the compliance/non-compliance interaction details GUI may have a “back” button that can bring up the dashboard GUI. 
         [0048]    As with the dashboard GUI, the compliance/non-compliance interaction details GUI may enable users to view information over various time periods. For example, the user may be able to select whether to view information from today, yesterday, the previous seven days, the current month, the previous month, the current year, the last year, or any other time period. In some embodiments, selection of a time period may be available through use of a tab-bar or scroller on the bottom of the interface. 
         [0049]    Management of the system may require master administrators and administrators. In some embodiments, permissions are granted to master administrators in order to manage other administrators, manage hospital or other care facility information, to update beacons order and supply, and to generate reports. General parameters provided for the system are yearly compliance rates based on the definitions that may be provided by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). 
         [0050]    In addition to the master administrator, other types of administrators in the system may be IDSSS management system administrators and managed care administrators. The system may enable a master administrator to, in some embodiments, add/edit/remove IDSSS management system administrators and add/edit/remove managed care administrators such as insurance companies, Medicare, Medicaid, etc., and may be limited to read-only access. 
         [0051]    In addition to managing system and care administrators, the system may also enable master administrators to manage hospital information by enabling add/remove/edit options for hospital information such as, but not limited to, hospital name, address, phone number, email address, contact full name, contact phone number, and contact email address. Additionally, the system may enable management of hospital information by enabling add/remove/edit options for hospital administrator information (i.e., infection disease dept. chief) such as, but not limited to, name, surname, phone number, and email address. 
         [0052]    In regard to permissions, a hospital administrator, configured by the IDSSS management system administrator, can create various hospital sub-administrators and can provide one or more permissions to each hospital sub-administrator. These permissions can include, but are not limited to, accessing a mobile application for pairing with a patient&#39;s wristband with beacon and access to a web interface. 
         [0053]    In addition to managing other administrators and hospital information, the system may further enable the master administrator to update beacon order and supply. More specifically, a master administrator may be able to record a beacon order (for example, patient wristband beacon or dispenser beacon) or may be able to record beacon shipping (for example, patient wristband beacon or dispenser beacon). 
         [0054]    The system may also generate inter-hospital reports that can be exported into PDF and XLS formats. The reports can include a visual overview of the information by including graphs or charts. In one embodiment, the reports can show how many beacons of every type (i.e., patient and dispenser) have been ordered and provided to every hospital, how many patient beacons have been activated, and the number of caregivers and account creations. 
         [0055]    The reports may be searchable by allowing cross-reference querying of any one or more of predetermined parameters together with a time period selector. Some of the parameters may include, but are not limited to, hospital name, caregiver type, caregiver name, caregiver surname, caregiver employee number, patient name, patient surname, patient medical record number, and compliant/non-compliant/both status. 
         [0056]    In some embodiments, the system can auto-generate inter-hospital reports such as, but not limited to, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly non-compliance reports that are grouped by hospital and sorted by number of non-compliances (for example, highest on top). Report data can include all hospital, caregiver, and patient information as well as timestamps of non-compliance events. Further, reports can include hospital compliance percentages and can include a visual overview of the information by including graphs or charts. To manage who sees the information, the system may allow management of email addresses that receive the auto-generated reports. 
         [0057]    For each hospital, the system may create intra-hospital reports and may allow cross-reference querying of any one or more parameters together with a time period selector. The parameters may include caregiver type, caregiver name, caregiver surname, caregiver employee number, patient name, patient surname, patient medical record number, and compliant/non-compliant/both status. Additionally, the system can export these reports in PDF and XLS formats. 
         [0058]    In some embodiments, the system can auto-generate intra-hospital reports such as, but not limited to, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly non-compliance reports that are grouped by caregiver and sorted by number of non-compliances (for example, highest on top). Report data can include all caregiver and patient information as well as timestamps of non-compliance events. Further, reports can include a visual overview of the information by including graphs or charts, as illustrated in  FIGS. 16 and 17 , and the number of caregivers and system usage. To manage who sees the information, the system may allow management of email addresses that receive the auto-generated reports. 
         [0059]    In addition to inter- and intra-hospital reports, the system may create reports for each doctor. These reports can be generated (automatically or by request) to track non-compliance on a daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly basis. Report data can include all patient information as well as timestamps of non-compliance events. Further reports can include a visual overview of the information by including graphs or charts, as illustrated in  FIGS. 18 and 19 . In a preferred embodiment, the system will include a patient&#39;s medical record number in place of the patient&#39;s name. 
         [0060]    In some embodiments, the system has a native interface for patient/wristband matching and may be developed for smartphones that support Bluetooth low energy protocol (BLE). Patient data input and bracelet pairing may include information such as, but not limited to, patient name, patient surname, patient medical record number, ability to pair with the beacon/wristband, and status of patient (for example, notification when the patient is released and the wristband is decommissioned). 
         [0061]    Since the beacon requires power, such as a battery, a feature may be included in the beacon that can test the beacon battery level. While batteries for these beacons should last for an extended period of time due to the fact that these beacons only broadcast during washing or dispensing, the battery level may need periodic testing. Therefore, hospital staff can use this mode for periodic testing of faucet and dispenser beacons&#39; battery level. 
         [0062]    In some embodiments, the system can be at least partially implemented on a mobile device as a mobile application. In other embodiments, the system can be at least partially implemented on a web-based interface. In either version, the system can accept input of information regarding a caregiver&#39;s name, surname, employee number, email address, and position type (for example, doctor, nurse, PT, respirator, technician, orderly, volunteer, etc.). 
         [0063]    Preferably, the system can support bulk ingestion of caregiver data using pre-defined Excel or CSV formats as well as allowing add/edit/remove/suspend functionality. In some embodiments, the system can send auto-generated passwords to caregivers&#39; emails, and caregivers can use their employee number as a username and password in order to login to the system. Additionally, in further embodiments, a specific GUI may be dedicated for hospitals and administrators to use in order to provide feedback and manage previously provided feedback. 
         [0064]    Various types of hardware can be used to implement the disclosed components of the system. The main components, in a preferred embodiment, are patient wristbands, soap/sanitizer dispensers, and beacons designed specifically for patient wristbands and for soap/sanitizer dispensers. The beacons for patient wristbands and soap/sanitizer dispensers may be identical or may vary. 
         [0065]    For example, the system preferably will include the use of Bluetooth enabled patient wristbands and disinfectant dispensers, such as, but not limited to, soap or sanitizer. In some embodiments, the beacons will be Bluetooth low energy (BLE) compliant. The beacon can broadcast UUID, major and minor values. Additionally, the beacon can have the same UUID, which will be unique and different from those found on common beacon brands. The minor value on every beacon may be different and should, in a preferred embodiment, be numbered continuously starting with one. Broadcast power, RSSI, is preferably configurable. Additionally, the Bluetooth module address may be unique and all beacons may have as long an identical prefix as possible (i.e., out of the 12 numeric/letters, the first 6 will be identical on all beacons). 
         [0066]    For patient wristbands/hospital bracelets, the wristband/bracelet may be plastic, disposable, inexpensive to make, MM-safe (or have titanium cover for use in an MRI), include a beacon, and, as is standard with hospital admittance bracelets, have the patient&#39;s name and medical record number label. More specifically, the beacon may be attached to one of the various holes in the bracelet that are common to hospital bracelets. Alternatively, the beacon may be embedded in the bracelet or otherwise attached to the bracelet. 
         [0067]    The disinfectant (i.e. soap or sanitizer) dispenser beacon may have at least 10 seconds of current in order for the application to pick up on the broadcast and register cleansing action. Further, the dispenser may have a built-in visual countdown timer that counts down from a predetermined number (for example, 10) to 0. Caregivers can be instructed to stay adjacent to the dispenser until the countdown reaches 0 in order to prevent a finding of non-compliance. In some embodiments, the beacon broadcast strength is low enough so that the application only picks it up in a radius of up to 3-4 feet from the dispenser. 
         [0068]    In some embodiments, the system described herein uses one or more computing systems to carry out the various functions described herein.  FIG. 20  is a schematic block diagram of an example computing system  2000 . The example computing system  2000  includes at least one computing device  2002 . In some embodiments, the computing system  2000  further includes a communication network  2004  and one or more additional computing devices  2006  (such as a server). 
         [0069]    The computing device  2002  can be located in a user&#39;s home or other place of business. In some embodiments, computing device  2002  is a mobile device. The computing device  2002  can be a stand-alone computing device or a networked computing device that communicates with one or more other computing devices  2006  across a network  2004 . The additional computing device(s)  2006  can be, for example, located remotely from the first computing device  2002 , but configured for data communication with the first computing device  2002  across a network  2004 . 
         [0070]    In some examples, the computing devices  2002  and  2006  include at least one processor or processing unit  2008  and system memory  2012 . The processor  2008  is a device configured to process a set of instructions. In some embodiments, system memory  2012  may be a component of processor  2008 ; in other embodiments system memory  2012  is separate from the processor  2008 . Depending on the exact configuration and type of computing device, the system memory  2012  may be volatile (such as RAM), non-volatile (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.) or some combination of the two. System memory  2012  typically includes an operating system  2018  suitable for controlling the operation of the computing device  2002 , such as the WINDOWS® operating systems or the OS X operating system, or a server, such as Windows SharePoint Server, also from Microsoft Corporation, or such as a Mac Mini with OS X. The system memory  2012  may also include one or more software applications  2014  and may include program data  2016 . 
         [0071]    The computing device  2002  may have additional features or functionality. For example, the computing device  2002  may also include additional data storage devices  2010  (removable and/or non-removable) such as, for example, magnetic disks, optical disks, or tape. Computer storage media  2010  may include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. System memory, removable storage, and non-removable storage are all examples of computer storage media. Computer storage media  2010  includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired information and that can be accessed by the computing device  2002 . An example of computer storage media  2010  is non-transitory media. 
         [0072]    In some examples, one or more of the computing devices  2002  and  2006  can be located in an establishment, such as a hospital, healthcare facility, or nursing home. In other examples, the computing device  2002  can be a personal computing device that is networked to allow the user to access and utilize the system disclosed herein from a remote location, such as in a user&#39;s home, office or other location. In some embodiments, the computing device  2002  is a smart phone tablet, laptop computer, personal digital assistant, or other mobile device. In some embodiments, system operations and functions are stored as data instructions for a smart phone application. A network  2004  facilitates communication between the computing device  2002  and one or more servers, such as an additional computing device  2006 , that hosts the system. The network  2004  may be a wide variety of different types of electronic communication networks. For example, the network  2004  may be a wide-area network, such as the Internet, a local-area network, a metropolitan-area network, or another type of electronic communication network. The network  2004  may include wired and/or wireless data links. A variety of communications protocols may be used in the network  2004  including, but not limited to, Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Transport Control Protocol (TCP), Internet Protocol (IP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), SOAP, remote procedure call protocols, and/or other types of communications protocols. 
         [0073]    In some examples, the additional computing device  2006  is a Web server. In this example, the first computing device  2002  includes a Web browser that communicates with the Web server to request and retrieve data. The data is then displayed to the user, such as by using a Web browser software application. In some embodiments, the various operations, methods, and functions disclosed herein are implemented by instructions stored in memory. When the instructions are executed by the processor  2008  of the one or more computing devices  2002  or  2006 , the instructions cause the processor  2008  to perform one or more of the operations or methods disclosed herein. 
         [0074]    The accompanying specification and drawings only illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a system of communicating the monitoring and alerting of healthcare workers to help prevent spread of infectious disease, as well as the system&#39;s constituent parts and associated methods and processes. However, other exemplary embodiments are possible, and the drawings and specification are not intended to be limiting in that regard. Thus, although the description above and accompanying drawings contains much specificity, the details provided should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiment(s) but merely as providing illustrations of some of the presently preferred embodiment(s). 
         [0075]    The drawings and description are not to be taken as restrictive on the scope of the embodiment(s) and are understood as broad and general teachings in accordance with the present invention. While the present embodiment(s) of the invention have been described using specific terms, such description is for present illustrative purposes only, and it is to be understood that modifications and variations to such embodiments, including but not limited to the substitutions of equivalent features, materials, or parts, and the reversal of various features thereof, may be practiced by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. By the same token, it should be appreciated that certain terms may be utilized interchangeably, such as “caregiver” and “healthcare worker,” “hospital” and “facility” and the like. Unless otherwise stated, these terms should be interpreted so as to impart the broadest scope without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.