Abstract:
A valve, including a body comprising an inlet passageway, an outlet passageway, and a slot. In addition, the valve includes a closure member movable within the slot between a first position where the inlet passageway is in fluid communication with the outlet passageway, and a second position where fluid communication between the inlet passageway and the outlet passageway is prevented by the closure member. The closure member includes a stem portion and a gate portion, wherein the gate portion includes a port extending therethrough, and wherein the stem portion and the gate portion are formed as a single integral piece.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/526,521, filed on Jun. 19, 2012, and entitled “Trunnion Control Gate Valve For Sever Service,” which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/571,049 filed on Jun. 20, 2011, and entitled “Trunnion Control Gate Valve For Sever Service,” the contents of each being incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, for all purposes. 
     
    
     FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH 
       [0002]    Not applicable. 
       SEQUENCE LISTING OR PROGRAM 
       [0003]    Not applicable. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0004]    This invention relates to a novel control valve with a new gating mechanism, new flow throttling mechanisms and metal seal rings, more particularly to a trunnion control gate valve with those novel features used for on-off and flow fluid controlling under multiple extreme conditions or in sever serve; such as the rocket engine fuel control system with highly oxidative fluid under extreme temperature of 1350 F, the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) under high temperature and pressure, Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) under high temperature over 1200 F with hard diamond like catalytic particles, shale fracking process under extreme high pressure and high velocity fluid with solid particles and corrosive additives, other applications with flow fluid with high viscosity in field of chemical plants, or conventional power plants, refiners and oilfield, or other critical applications for products life lasting 5 to 30 years like deepsea flow control systems and nuclear power plants and for the applications of million cycles like jet or rocket turbine engine fuel delivery systems with high velocity fuel fluid mixed with high oxidative gas under temperature 1365 F or higher without failure. 
         [0005]    This valve combines a gate valve and globe valve structures and comprises a body with at least an inlet passageway and an outlet passageway, a cylindrical neck opening and a gate with an integral part of a stem disposed in the neck opening for throttling flow fluid with a revolutionary volumetric flow mechanism and a four step throttling process, a gating mechanism with two spring bars are disposed between the gate and the neck opening to control movements of the gate and to compensate thermal expansion, misalignment and deformation under high pressure, temperature and quick thermal cycle, a noise/cavitation reducer is installed between the inlet passageway and the outlet passageway to reduce cavitation or noise, a shock absolver in the reducer can ease the water hammer and stabilize the outlet pressure. This valve is fully sealed in both static and dynamic manners by simple, reliable metal G rings under all conditions of temperature, pressure where even graphite cannot service. This valve has a simple base structure with versatile configurations for various throttling applications and is easy for manufacturing and repair, yet robust and reliable. 
         [0006]    Conventional gate valves are mostly used for on-off or manual applications in chemical plants, power plants and refiners and oil/gas fields, they are rarely used for throttling or automation applications, while the conventional globe valves are used for both throttling and on-off, here are the existing problems (1) a gate in the gate valve trend to be float when it is away from a closed position, so such a condition can cause vibration, unstable throttling and jam (2) abrasive fracturing fluids tend to be drawn into the gate valve cavity when the gate between open and closed positions and prevent the gate from returning to the original position (3) valve seals with fragile graphite for high temperature applications are subject to excessive packing force or rubbing, constant readjustment or replacement of packing are required, moreover the seal with graphite cannot used for highly oxidative fluids with temperature over 850 F, in case of subsea flow control devices or nuclear power plants, or jet engine fuel delivery system sometime the constant readjustment is impracticable, on the other hand the metal ring joint seal for high pressure are subject to the highly preloaded bolting forces, extensive large bolts and constant readjustment are required (4) the throttling mechanism for the conventional control globe valves is based on the area throttling mechanism, which means the flow rate change is based on the change of flow cross sectional area, the major disadvantage for the mechanism is that it causes the vena contracta, in consequence the vena contracta causes cavitation and flashing, moreover the low flow throttling resolution and the minimum leakage are the shortcoming of globe valve and prevents the globe valve for more demanding applications under multiple extreme conditions. As a result, total consumption of conventional gate and globe valves have been declined for last 30 years, most of those applications are replaced by ball valve as well as butterfly valve. 
         [0007]    In order to overcome the disadvantages or solve the problems of the conventional gate and globe valves, many efforts have been made in the prior arts. There are four approaches to improve the conventional valves, but those approaches work within a limited scope. 
         [0008]    The first approach is to improve movement of the gate when it is away from the closed position, U.S. Pat. No. 5,836,569 to David Wurangian (1997) shows a classic approach to solve the problem by using the tongue and groove structure between the gate and the body, U.S. Pat. No. 751,735 to S. S Jacobsen (1904) shows a similar approach on the trail and the gate. U.S. Pat. No. 7,201,361 to Grandage; Ronald Ellis (2007) disclosed a design for rubber lining gate valve (resilient gate valve) between the gate and the body, the fundamental disadvantage for tongue and groove structure is only to guide the gate not precisely hold or position the gate, so it only work for rubber lining gate valve with as-cast body and gate under ambient temperature, the rubber will compensate misalignment and wearing between the gate and the body, but for a metal to metal engagement with a precise fit, the tongue and groove structure can not compensate any misalignment or deformation, thermal expansion between the moving gate and the body under high temperature or high pressure and will prevent the gate from moving freely between open and closed positions, moreover in case of solid particles entering between the tongue and groove, the gate will be seized, in addition the manufacturing for metal tongue and groove with the precise fit is difficult and expensive, even more difficult if the hardened face is applied to the gate as well as the body, so far there is no commercially successful products with such a structure under high pressure and high temperature, so loose guiding with the tongue and groove structure is only a solution for now. 
         [0009]    The second approach is to develop structures which prevent particles in the flow into the valve cavity, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,230,600 to C. A Olson (1941) a pair of long seat sleeves (guide) was employed, it is fixed with seat and covers the gate travel from closed to open positions. Most of other prior-arts have the similarly approach, the problem for the design is that the sleeve as a integral part of the seat, so any buildup or damage on the sleeve will cause leak, if the seat is float and supported by spring, any unbalanced force on both end of sleeve can jam the seat and cause leak. 
         [0010]    The third approach is to improve valve seals. The stem packing is one of those efforts shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,886,241 to James R. Davis et al (1989) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,394,023 to Alberto L. Hinojosa (1983) disclose stem seals with graphite packing for high temperature applications, but the stem packing seals are subject to more packing force and constant readjustment. A recent survey shows that 50% of the control valve failures are contributed by excessive stem packing force. U.S. Pat. No. 7,004,452 to Chatufale (2006) shows C ring seal for gate valve, but it is unidirectional and not for high temperature, while U.S. Pat. Application No. 201110084456 A1 reveals a metal C ring with a insert for high temperature flange seal application, but the C ring only is used for static seal in flanges. 
         [0011]    The fourth approach is to ease effect of the vena contracta by reducing cavitation and noise for throttling application. The early efforts were made by F. C Mock in U.S. Pat. No. 1,144,306 (1915) and L. H Skeels (1922) in U.S. Pat. No. 1,432,797 for improving muffler function, but first of all the muffler is only used for sound control and does not reflect liquid application like cavitation and erosion, second the welding process make the set of pipes as one piece object, one piece object is very difficult to cancel out vibration within the object, beside that, welding place is susceptible to erosion and corrosion. Finally a valve applications is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,007,908 to Paul V. Smagghe. In short, all efforts in the prior arts never address or recognize the area throttling mechanism is the root cause of cavitation and flashing, most efforts are focused on easing the cavitation, noise rather than finding the root of cause. In general, a control valve with anti-cavitation or noise reduction function has about 40% of flow capacity in comparison with the same size of the standard valve without anti-cavitation or noise reduction function. 
         [0012]    So the flow control industry has long sought means of improving the performance of control valve, increasing the resolution of flow metering, inventing a new throttling mechanism, improving the valve seals, enabling gate valve to throttle flow with versatile flow characteristics under multiple extreme conditions, increase life of the control valve and reliability and accuracy of flow throttling. 
         [0013]    In conclusion, insofar as I am aware, no such control gate valve is formerly developed with higher metering resolution, long life, less parts, highly efficient, sealable durable, robust, versatile, reliable, easy manufacturing at low cost they can be used for controlling fluid between full opening and full closed positions with no or less cavitation and low noise under multiple extreme conditions or sever service. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0014]    This invention provides a simple, robust, reliable and versatile control gate valve for server service or under multiple extreme conditions. This control gate valve comprises a body with an inlet passageway, outlet passageway, a cylindrical neck opening and two seat pockets, at least one seat is disposed in the seat pocket, a gate with a stem is disposed in the neck opening by means of a gating mechanism for controlling fluid flow between the passageways under high temperature, high pressure and extreme flow conditions, the gating mechanism with two spring bars are disposed between the gate and the neck opening to control the gate and compensate any misalignment, thermal expansion between the gate and the body. A novel seal assembly, G ring is constructed as a metal cover ring with a base ring which can be a part of seat back seal and bonnet flange seal or an independent stem seal in the control gate valve, G ring comprises the metal cover ring with C shaped cross section and the base ring with an I shaped cross section inserted into C ring for providing static and dynamic seals on three external surfaces and four internal surfaces under high temperature and high pressure with the leakage between 5-100 ppm. 
         [0015]    This valve can be modified with an angle body, porous flow ports on the seat and the gate and the gate with a bottom tip, it comprises a new four-step throttling process; (1) sealing (2) metering (3) conditioning (4) delivering, the new procedure divides the gate to four parts, sealing part, metering part, conditioning part and delivery part, the conditioning between the neck opening and the gate can stabilize the throttling flow pressure and velocity for the delivery, the delivery process happens between bottom a tip of the gate and the outlet passageway, such a throttling mechanism fundamentally changes the traditional process, it prolongs the life of the gate and improves the metering quality, even erosion takes place on the delivering part of the gate, the metering and seal parts still work well, a good application will be a fuel delivery system for jet or turbine engines. 
         [0016]    This valve can be modified with two seats having a stepped, multiple—circular flow pattern on the gate, a bottom of the gate is disposed in a stepped cage, as the gate moves vertically, a flow volume between them are changed, with such a volume throttling mechanism, the cavitation will can be eliminated or reduced, the noise can be reduced greatly in contrary to the conventional area throttling mechanism, any flow characteristics can be formed, specially for dual equal percentage pattern, it is very useful for a known set point process control (like a temperature, a ratio or volume). 
         [0017]    This valve can be modified with three way design, two inlet passageways with one outlet passageway for mixing fluids, or one inlet with two outlets for diverting a fluid, a steam conditioning valve based on this control gate valve can be constructed for multiple stage of superheat steam cooling, a first inlet passageway for steam throttling at temperature T 1 , a second inlet passageway is used for mixing water with the steam at temperature T 2 , a third inlet passageway for spraying water into steam at temperature T 3 , a fourth inlet passageway can be used for spraying nozzles, a first outlet passageway is for delivering conditioning steam, a second outlet passageway is used for circulation of the water in the body to keep a constant temperature of T 2 , this design puts the cooling process in a fully control environment and greatly reduces energy consumption, the cooling of superheat steam is no longer an art but science, the conditioning valve can be used for fuel inject valve with multiple stage of content mixing. 
         [0018]    The noise/cavitation reducer is other feature for the control gate valve to reduce cavitation and noise level, it comprises a reducer and shock absorber, the reducer comprise a set of concentric pipes with outside surfaces and inside surfaces, outside surfaces have walls, grooves and slots for forming axial 90 degree, zigzag passageways to dissipate flow energy gradually and insulating from noise source, inside surfaces receive a next smaller pipe with stop step and press fit, the set of pipes can arranged in a step, telescope manner, so sine vibration can be generated on one pipe can cancel out the vibration with different phrase on the next pipe, such a design will reduce number of pipes and length of the pipes with most efficient result, the smallest pipe can receive the shock absorber, the shock absorber comprises a front piston and a back piston energized by a spring can ease pressure surge or drop and stabilize the outlet pressure by storing and releasing flow energy. 
         [0019]    This valve can be modified with two lock grooves and a pair of short sleeves for solid particle proof application, two pair of sleeves are installed below and above the seats and energized by springs, the seats and sleeves are constantly respectively engaged with the gate during the gate travel between full open to fully closed positions, so no solid particles can enter into the valve cavity, since the seat and sleeve are installed separately, the seat only acts as a sealing device, while the sleeve can be constructed as scrapers to clean up the gate with strong spring, hard material, finally the valve can be constructed as a balanced stem valve with top and bottom stems between the gate, so it will be very useful for high pressure application. 
         [0020]    Accordingly, besides objects and advantages of the present invention described in the above patent, several objects and advantages of the present invention are: 
         [0000]    (a) To provide a control gate valve with a gating mechanism, so such a valve can control the flow between fully opening to fully closed position for sever service and has long life and high reliability.
 
(b) To provide highly sealable, reliable seals for multiple extreme conditions: high pressure, cryogenic or high temperature or solid particles with corrosive fluid. Such a seal assembly can keep good static and dynamic seals with low leakage between 5-100 ppm with low friction.
 
(c) To provide a control valve with a four step throttling process; (1) sealing, (2) metering (3) conditioning (4) delivering, so such a valve not only provide precision flow throttling as well shutoff, but also has long life and high reliability for sever service.
 
(d) To provide a spring seat for a control valve, such a valve has simple and high reliable seal for serve services or multiple extreme conditions.
 
(e) To provide a volumetric throttling mechanism in a control valve, so the valve can provide stable precise flow with less or no cavitation and low noise level and has long life for sever service.
 
(f) To provide a control valve with various flow characteristics, specially for dual equal percents for a set point control. Such a valve has a stable control range with less turning time and cost
 
(g) To provide a highly efficient noise/cavitation reducer in a flow control system, so such a reducer has a compact, simple structure with a self vibration canceling and shock absorbing functions.
 
(h) To provide a metering valve or fuel injection device for engines, so the engines have stable metering performance and higher fuel efficiency with low cost.
 
(i) To provide a highly efficient steam conditioning valve for power plant. Such a valve can cool the superheat steam with low cost, less steam and water and has long life and high reliability.
 
(j) To provide a control valve with solid particles proof function, so such a valve can handle slurry fluid or fluid with solid particles under high temperature and high pressure.
 
(k) To provide a fluid control valve with a balanced stem arrangement, so such a valve can use less actuation force and a stem seal in the valve can be replaced under pressure in both fully open position and fully closed position.
 
         [0021]    Still further objects and advantages will become apparent from study of the following description and the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       Drawing Figures 
         [0022]      FIG. 1  is an exploded, quarter cut view of a gate valve constructed in accordance with this invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 2  is a front view of gate valve of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0024]      FIG. 3  is a cross sectional views of gate valve of  FIG. 2  along line B-B. 
           [0025]      FIG. 4  is a cross sectional views of gate valve of  FIG. 2  along line A-A. 
           [0026]      FIG. 5  is a cross sectional views of gate valve of  FIG. 2  along line C-C. 
           [0027]      FIG. 6  is a front view of an alternative support bar in the gate valve of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0028]      FIG. 7  is a top view of support bar in the gate valve of  FIG. 6 . 
           [0029]      FIG. 8  is a side view of gate valve of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0030]      FIG. 9  is a cross sectional views of gate valve of  FIG. 8  along line D-D. 
           [0031]      FIG. 10  is a detail views of gate valve of  FIG. 9   
           [0032]      FIG. 11  is a detail views of gate valve of  FIG. 9   
           [0033]      FIG. 12  is a detail views of gate valve of  FIG. 9   
           [0034]      FIG. 13  is a side view of an alternative gate valve of  FIG. 2   
           [0035]      FIG. 14  is a cross sectional view of gate valve of  FIG. 13  along line A-A. 
           [0036]      FIG. 15  is a detail view of gate valve of  FIG. 14   
           [0037]      FIG. 16  is a front view of sleeve of  FIG. 14   
           [0038]      FIG. 17  is a cross sectional view of sleeve of  FIG. 16   
           [0039]      FIG. 18  is a side view of an alternative gate valve of  FIG. 2   
           [0040]      FIG. 19  is a cross sectional view of gate valve of  FIG. 18  along line A-A. 
           [0041]      FIG. 20  is a detail view of gate valve of  FIG. 19   
           [0042]      FIG. 21  is a front view of closure member of  FIG. 19   
           [0043]      FIG. 22  is a bottom view of closure member of  FIG. 21   
           [0044]      FIG. 23  is a side view of an alternative gate valve of  FIG. 2   
           [0045]      FIG. 24  is a cross sectional view of gate valve of  FIG. 23  along line A-A. 
           [0046]      FIG. 25  is a front view of closure member of  FIG. 24   
           [0047]      FIG. 26  is a cross sectional view of gate of  FIG. 25  along line B-B. 
           [0048]      FIG. 27  is a side view of an alternative gate valve of  FIG. 2   
           [0049]      FIG. 28  is a cross sectional view of gate valve of  FIG. 27  along line A-A. 
           [0050]      FIG. 29  is a side view of cage/closure member of  FIG. 28   
           [0051]      FIG. 30  is a front view of cage/closure member of  FIG. 29   
           [0052]      FIG. 31  is a side view of an alternative gate valve of  FIG. 2   
           [0053]      FIG. 32  is a cross sectional view of gate valve of  FIG. 31  along line A-A. 
           [0054]      FIG. 33  is a front view of closure member of  FIG. 32   
           [0055]      FIG. 34  is a bottom view of closure member of  FIG. 33   
           [0056]      FIG. 35  is a side view of an alternative gate valve of  FIG. 2   
           [0057]      FIG. 36  is a cross sectional view of gate valve of  FIG. 35  along line A-A. 
           [0058]      FIG. 37  is a detail view of gate valve of  FIG. 36 . 
           [0059]      FIG. 38  is a detail view of gate valve of  FIG. 36 . 
           [0060]      FIG. 39  is a front view of closure member/cage of  FIG. 36 . 
           [0061]      FIG. 40  is a cross sectional view of closure member of  FIG. 39  along line C-C. 
           [0062]      FIG. 41  is a back view of closure member/cage of  FIG. 39 . 
           [0063]      FIG. 42  is a cross sectional view of closure member of  FIG. 41  along line B-B 
           [0064]      FIG. 43  is a side view of an alternative gate valve of  FIG. 2   
           [0065]      FIG. 44  is a cross sectional view of gate valve of  FIG. 43  along line A-A. 
           [0066]      FIG. 45  is a front view of closure member of  FIG. 44 . 
           [0067]      FIG. 46  is a bottom view of closure member of  FIG. 45 . 
           [0068]      FIG. 47  is a side view of an alternative gate valve of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0069]      FIG. 48  is a cross sectional view of gate valve of  FIG. 47  along line A-A. 
           [0070]      FIG. 49  is an exploded view of noise/cavitation reducer of  FIG. 48 . 
           [0071]      FIG. 50  is a side view of noise/cavitation reducer of  FIG. 48 . 
           [0072]      FIG. 51  is a cross sectional view of reducer of  FIG. 50  along line B-B. 
           [0073]      FIG. 52  is a top view of reducer of  FIG. 50 . 
           [0074]      FIG. 53  is an exploded view of noise/cavitation of  FIG. 50  in a ball 
           [0075]      FIG. 54  is a side view of an alternative pipe of  FIG. 50   
           [0076]      FIG. 55  is a cross sectional view of pipe of  FIG. 54   
           [0077]      FIG. 56  is a side view of an alternative gate valve of  FIG. 2   
           [0078]      FIG. 57  is a cross sectional view sectional of gate valve of  FIG. 55  along line A-A. 
           [0079]      FIG. 58  is a front view of gate valve of  FIG. 56   
           [0080]      FIG. 59  is a cross sectional view of gate valve of  FIG. 58  along line B-B. 
           [0081]      FIG. 60  is a cross sectional view of gate valve of  FIG. 58  along line C-C. 
       
    
    
       [0082]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Reference Number In Drawing 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 100 
                 Control Gate valve a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, j 
               
               
                 101 
                 body 
               
               
                 102 
                 neck opening inlet passageway 104′, 
               
               
                   
                 104 104″, 104′″ 
               
               
                 105 
                 Outlet passageway, 105′, 105″ 
               
               
                 106 
                 neck opening slot, 106′ 
               
               
                 107 
                 seat pocket 107 
               
               
                 108 
                 Top surface 
               
               
                 109 
                 Bonnet C ring groove 
               
               
                 110 
                 ID surface 
               
               
                 111 
                 OD surface 
               
               
                 112 
                 Bottom surface 
               
               
                 113 
                 lock groove, 113′ 
               
               
                 114 
                 Seat C ring groove 
               
               
                 115 
                 ID surface 
               
               
                 116 
                 OD surface 
               
               
                 117 
                 Bottom surface 
               
               
                 118 
                 Mating surface 
               
               
                 119 
                 bottom hole 
               
               
                 148 
                 Cavity 
               
               
                 120 
                 Closure member 
               
               
                 121 
                 gate 
               
               
                 122 
                 mating surface 122′ 
               
               
                 123 
                 flat sealing surface 123′, 
               
               
                 124 
                 stem 
               
               
                 125 
                 port, 125′, 125″ 
               
               
                 126 
                 slot 126′, 126″, 126′″, 126″″ 
               
               
                 127 
                 port wall 
               
               
                 128 
                 gate tip 
               
               
                 129 
                 link port 
               
               
                 130 
                 seal area 
               
               
                 131 
                 shoulder 
               
               
                 133 
                 cage 
               
               
                 134 
                 cage hole 
               
               
                 135 
                 cage slot 
               
               
                 136 
                 cage boss 
               
               
                 140 
                 Cover, C ring, 140′, 140″, 140′″ 
               
               
                 141 
                 external surface 
               
               
                 142 
                 internal surface 
               
               
                 143 
                 inward surface 
               
               
                 144 
                 outward surface 
               
               
                 145 
                 hollow bar, 145′ 
               
               
                 146 
                 solid bar 
               
               
                 147 
                 step bushing 
               
               
                 150 
                 bonnet 
               
               
                 151 
                 Seat C ring groove 
               
               
                 152 
                 ID surface 
               
               
                 153 
                 OD surface 
               
               
                 154 
                 Bottom surface 
               
               
                 155 
                 stem pocket 
               
               
                 156 
                 ID surface 
               
               
                 157 
                 Bottom surface 
               
               
                 158 
                 stem hole 
               
               
                 159 
                 flange surface 
               
               
                 160 
                 Sleeve Assembly, 160′ 
               
               
                 161 
                 Sleeve, 161′ 
               
               
                 162 
                 lock ring 
               
               
                 163 
                 flat surface 
               
               
                 164 
                 Cylindrical surface, 164′ 
               
               
                 165 
                 spring 
               
               
                 166 
                 support plate 
               
               
                 167 
                 spring hole 
               
               
                 170 
                 seat 
               
               
                 148 
                 cavity 
               
               
                 173 
                 front surface 
               
               
                 174 
                 flow port 
               
               
                 175 
                 link port 
               
               
                 180 
                 Base, I ring 180′, 180″, 180′″ 
               
               
                 181 
                 OD surface 
               
               
                 182 
                 ID surface 
               
               
                 183 
                 inward base surface 
               
               
                 184 
                 outward base surface 
               
               
                 185 
                 inward edge surface 
               
               
                 186 
                 outward edge surface 
               
               
                 187 
                 end surface 
               
               
                 190 
                 stem seal packing 
               
               
                 195 
                 cover 
               
               
                 196 
                 bottom surface 
               
               
                 197 
                 Bottom flange 
               
               
                 198 
                 stem hole 
               
               
                 200 
                 Noise/cavitation reducer 
               
               
                 201 
                 Reducer inlet 
               
               
                 202 
                 Reducer outlet 
               
               
                 203 
                 radial hole 
               
               
                 210 
                 axial pipe a, b, c, d, e 
               
               
                 211 
                 ring base 
               
               
                 212 
                 Pipe inlet 
               
               
                 213 
                 Pipe outlet 
               
               
                 214 
                 outside surface 
               
               
                 215 
                 inside surface 
               
               
                 216 
                 step 
               
               
                 217 
                 pass slot 
               
               
                 218 
                 groove seal assembly, G ring 194 
               
               
                   
                 194′, 194″, 194′″ 
               
               
                 220 
                 shock absorber 
               
               
                 219 
                 wall 
               
               
                 221 
                 front piston 
               
               
                 222 
                 back piston 
               
               
                 223 
                 spring 
               
               
                 224 
                 o ring 
               
               
                 225 
                 retaining ring 
               
               
                 230 
                 water spray ring 
               
               
                 231 
                 wall port 
               
               
                 232 
                 front port 
               
               
                 233 
                 groove 
               
               
                 250 
                 ball assembly with reducer 
               
               
                 251 
                 ball 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       DESCRIPTION 
       [0083]      FIGS. 1-12  illustrate a control gate valve constructed in accordance with the present invention. The valve  100  comprises a body  101  having a cylindrical neck opening  102  with two cylindrical axial slots  106 , 106 ′ in an opposite direction and extended to an inlet passageway  104  and an outlet passageway  105 , a closure member  120  having a stem  124  and a gate  121  having a port  125  and two axial cylindrical slots  126 , 126 ′ in an opposite direction is movably disposed in opening  102  by means of two cylindrical mating surfaces  122 , 122 ′ and two hollow cylindrical support bars  145 , 145 ′ engaged respectively with cylindrical slots  126 ,  106 , and  126 ′, 106 ′ for throttling flow fluid through inlet passageway  104 , a seat  170  and outlet passageway  105  between fully closed and fully open positions. 
         [0084]    The inlet passageway  104  includes a seat pocket  107  to receive seat  170 , one of flat surfaces  123 , 123 ′ of gate  121  is engaged with a front surface  173  of seat  170  for providing a seal, support bar  145  can be constructed as solid round bar  146  or a spiral pin (not shown) in special conditions. 
         [0085]    Referring  FIGS. 9,10 , a bonnet  150  mounted on a top surface  108  of body  101  comprises a base ring  180 ′ having an I shaped cross section, a seal assembly  194 ′, G ring includes a cove ring  140 ′ having C shaped cross section receiving the base ring  180 ′, the base ring  180 ′ is defined by an OD surface  181 ′, an ID surface  182 ′, an inward shoulder surface  183 ′, an outward shoulder surface  184 ′, an inward edge surface  185 ′, an outward edge surface  186 ′ and an end surface  187 ′. Cover ring  140 ′ disposed in a groove of  109  of surface  108  has an external surface  141 ′ engaged with surfaces  110 , 111 , 112  for providing seals, an inwards mating surface  143 ′ engaged with surface  183 ′ for providing a seal, an outward mating surface  144 ′ engaged with surface  184 ′ for providing a seal, an internal surface  142 ′ engaged with surfaces  185 ′,  186 ′ for providing seals under compression. 
         [0086]    Referring  FIGS. 9,11 , bonnet  155  also includes a stem hole  158  extended to a stem pocket  155  to receive stem  124 , a stem seal packing  190  disposed in pocket  155  of bonnet  150  and restrained by stem  124  and a bottom surface  196  of a cover  195  comprises two seal assemblies  194 ″ in series for providing seals. Seal assembly  194 ″ comprises a base ring  180 ″ having a tandem I cross section inserted respectively into a pair of cover rings  140 ″, the base ring  180 ″ includes two OD surfaces  181 ″, two ID surfaces  182 ″, two inward base surfaces  183 ″, two outward shoulder surfaces  184 ″, two inward edge surfaces  185 ″, two outward edge surfaces  186 ″ and two end surfaces  187 ″ in an axially opposite direction, cover ring  104 ″ disposed between seat pocket  155  and stem  124  has an external surface  141 ″ engaged with stem  124 , surfaces  156 , 157 , 196  and other cover ring  104 ″ for providing seals, an inwards mating surface  143 ″ engaged with surface  183 ″ for providing a seal, an outward mating surface  144 ″ engaged with surface  184 ″ for providing a seal, an internal surface  142 ″ engaged with surfaces  185 ″,  186 ″ for providing seals under compression. 
         [0087]    Referring  FIGS. 9,12 , seat  170  comprises a base ring  180 ′″, a seal assembly, G ring  194 ′″ comprises a cover ring  140 ′″ with C shaped cross section and the base ring  180 ′″ with an I shaped cross section inserted into C ring  140 ′″, base ring  180 ′″ includes an OD surface  181 ′″, an ID surface  182 ′″, an inward shoulder surface  183 ′″, an outward shoulder surface  184 ′″, an inward edge surface  185 ′″, an outward edge surface  186 ′″ and an end surface  187 ′″. Cover ring  140 ′″ disposed in groove of  114  of body  101  has an external surface  141 ′″ engaged with surfaces  116 , 115 , 117  for providing seals, an inwards mating surface  143 ′″ engaged with surface  183 ′″ for providing a seal and support, an outward mating surface  144 ′″ engaged with surface  184 ′″ for providing a seal and support, an internal surfaces  142 ′″ engaged with surfaces  185 ′″,  186 ′″ for providing seals under compression. 
         [0088]    Referring  FIGS. 13-17 , a valve  100   a  based on valve  100  comprises a body  101   a  having a cylindrical neck opening  102   a  extended to an inlet passageway  104   a  and an outlet passageway  105   a  and two lock grooves  113   a ,  113   a ′ located respectively below and above the inlet passageway  104   a  and outlet passageway  105   a , the inlet passageway  104   a  and outlet passageway  105   a  respectively have seat pockets  107   a , 107   a ′ in an opposite direction for receiving respectively two seats  170   a , 170   a ′. A closure member  120   a  having a stem  124   a  and a gate  121   a  having a port  125   a  and flat sealing surfaces  123   a , 123   a ′ is movably disposed in neck opening  102   a  for throttling flow fluid through inlet passageway  104   a , port  125   a , two seat  170   a , 170   a ′ and outlet passageway  105   a  between fully closed and fully open positions. 
         [0089]    Two pair of substantially similar sleeve assemblies  160 , 160 ′ are mounted respectively above and below seats  170   a ,  170   a ′ for preventing solid particles through a port  125   a  into opening  102   a , each of a pair of sleeves  161  includes a flat surface  163  against surfaces  123   a , 123   a ′ of gate  120   a  for preventing any solid particles into opening  102  from port  125   a  when gate  124   a  between open and closed positions, sleeve  161  has a cylindrical mating surface  164 ′ mated with seat  170   a , a cylindrical mating surface  164  engaged with opening  102   a  and a lock ring  162  inserted in groove  113   a  for preventing any vertical movement and a hole  167  to receive a spring  165  and a support plate  166  for energizing sleeve  161  against gate  120   a.    
         [0090]    Referring to  FIGS. 18-22 , a valve  100   b  based on valve  100  comprises an angle body  101   b  having a cylindrical neck opening  102   b  extended to an outlet passageway  105   b  and an inlet passageway  104   b  with a seat pocket  107   b  receiving a seat  170   b . A closure member  120   b  constructed by two parts of a stem  124   b  and a gate  121   b  with a surface  122   b  is movably disposed in neck opening  102   b  for throttling flow fluid through inlet passageway  104   b , a porous port  174   b  of seat  170   b , opening  102   b  and outlet passageway  105   b  between fully closed and fully open positions. 
         [0091]    Gate  121   b  has a circular seal area  130   b  on a surface  123   b , a porous port  125   b  and a tip  128   b , seal area  130   b  is provided for a seal between gate  121   b  and seat  170   b  at a closed position, port  125   b  is communicated with port  174   b  for metering the flow fluid, while tip  128   b  moves vertically in opening  102   b  and outlet passageway  105   b  for conditioning and delivering the flow fluid. 
         [0092]    Referring to  FIGS. 23-26 , a valve  100   c  based on valve  100  comprises an angle body  101   c  having a cylindrical neck opening  102   c  extended to an outlet passageway  10 Sc and an inlet passageway  104   c  with a seat pocket  107   c  receiving a seat  170   c , A closure member  120   c  having a stem  124   c  and a gate  121   c  as an integral part with a surface  122   c  is movably disposed in neck opening  102   c  for throttling flow fluid through inlet passageway  104   c , a porous seat port  174   c , link ports  129   c  and outlet passageway  10 Sc between fully closed and fully open positions. 
         [0093]    Gate  121   c  has a circular seal area  130   c  on a surface  123   c , a port  12 Sc connected to link ports  129   c  and a tip  128   c , seal area  130   c  is provided for a seal between gate  121   c  and seat  170   c , port  12 Sc is communicated with port  174   c  for metering the flow fluid, while tip  128   c  is moves vertically in opening  102   c  and outlet passageway  10 Sc for conditioning and delivering the flow fluid. 
         [0094]    Referring to  FIGS. 27-30 , a valve  100   d  based on valve  100  comprises a body  101   d  having a cylindrical neck opening  102   d  extended to an inlet passageway  104   d  and an outlet passageway  105   d  respectively having seat pockets  107   d , 170   d ′ for receiving seats  170   d ,  170   d ′. A closures member  120   d  having a stem  124   d  and a gate  121   d  is movably disposed in neck opening  102   d  with two shoulders  131   d ,  131   d ′ for throttling flow fluid volume through inlet passageway  104   d , seat ports  174   d , 174   d ′ and outlet passageway  105   d  between fully closed and fully open positions. 
         [0095]    Gate  121   d  has two shoulders  131   d , 131   d ′ with release slots  126 ′″, 126 ″″, seal areas  130   d , 130   d ′, circular stepped ports  125   d , 125   d ′ separated by a wall  127   d  and a flat-stepped tip  128   d . Circular seal areas  130   d ′, 130   d ′ are provided for seals between gate  121   d  and seats  170   d ,  170   d ′, port  125   d  is communicated with port  174   d  for metering the flow fluid, while a cavity  148   d  is defined by moving tip  128   d  vertically and a mating stepped slot  13 Sd of a cage  133   d  for conditioning the flow fluid in volume, cage  133   d  is disposed in a hole  119   d  and secured by a flange  197   d , port  125   d ′ is communicated with port  174   d ′ for delivering the flow fluid. 
         [0096]    Referring to  FIGS. 31-34 , a valve  100   e  based on valve  100  comprises a body  101   e  having a cylindrical neck opening  102   e  extended to an inlet passageway  104   e  and an outlet passageway  105   e  respectively with two seat pockets  107   e , 170   e ′ for receiving seats  170   e ,  170   e ′, A closure member  120   e  having a stem  124   e  and a gate  121   e  is movably disposed in neck opening  102   e  with two surfaces  122   e , 122   e ′ for throttling flow fluid volume through inlet passageway  104   e , seat ports  174   e , 174   e ′ and outlet passageway  105   e  between fully closed and fully open positions. 
         [0097]    Gate  121   e  has circular seal areas  130   e , 130   e ′, eccentrically circular step ports  125   e , 125   e ′ separated by a wall  127   e  and a circular step tip  128   e  disposed in a mating circular step hole  119   e  for a volume throttling. Seal areas  130   e ′, 130   e ′ are provided for seals between gate  121   e  and seats  170   e , 170   e ′, port  125   e  is communicated with port  174   e  for metering the flow fluid, port  12 Se through a stepped link port  129   e  on tip  128   e  is connected to hole  119   e , while port  125   e ′ through a step link port  129   e ′ on tip  128   e  is connected to hole  119   e , a cavity  148   e  is defined by tip  128   e  and step hole  119   e  for conditioning the flow fluid in volume, port  125   e ′ is communicated with port  174   e ′ for delivering the flow fluid. 
         [0098]    Referring to  FIGS. 35-42 , a valve  100   f  based on valve  100  comprises a three way body  101   f  having a cylindrical neck opening  102   f  with two seat pockets  107   f , 170   f  respectively receiving seat rings  170   f , 170   f , two inlet passageways  104   f ,  104   f  and an outlet passageway  105   f , a closure member  120   f  having a stem  124   f  and a gate  121   f  is movably disposed in neck opening  102   f  for controlling a fluid mixing ratio between first fluids from inlet passageway  104   f  and second fluids from inlet passageway  104   f  between fully closed and fully open positions. 
         [0099]    Gate  121   f  comprises two shoulders  131   f ,  131   f  respectively with two release slots  126   f ″,  126   f ″, circular seal areas  13  Of,  130   f , two eccentric ports  125   f ,  125   f  separated by a wall  127   f . Seal areas  130   f , 130   f  are provided for seals between gate  124   f  and seats  170   f , 170   f ′, port  125   f  is communicated with port  174   f  for metering the flow fluid from inlet passageway  104   f , port  125   f  through link ports  129   f  is connected to a slot  135   f  of a cage  133   f , cage  133   f  with a boss  136   f  having multiple link ports  134   f  is extended to outlet passageway  105   f . Port  125   f ′ is communicated with port  174   f  for metering the flow fluid from inlet passageway  104   f , port  125   f  through link ports  129   f  is connected to slot  135   f  of cage  133   f , a cavity  148   f  is defined by moving gate  121   f  and slot  135   f  of cage  133   f  for mixing the flow fluid in volume, cage  133   f  with boss  136   f  having multiple link ports  134   f  to outlet passageway  105   f  is provided for conditioning and delivering the flow fluid. 
         [0100]    Referring to  FIGS. 43-46 , a valve  100   g  based on valve  100  comprises a three way body  101   g  having a cylindrical neck opening  102   g  with two seat pockets  107   g , 170   g ′ respectively receiving a seat  170   g , a water spray ring  230 , three inlet passageways  104   g ,  104   g ′,  104   g ″ and two outlet passageways  105   g , 105   g ′. A closure member  120   g  having a stem  124   g  and a gate  121   g  is movably disposed in neck opening  102   g  for controlling flow fluid from inlets passageway  104   g ,  104   g ′, 104   g ″,  104   g ′″ through opening  102   g  and seat ports  174   g , 174   g ′ to outlet  10 Sg passageway between fully closed and fully open positions. 
         [0101]    Gate  121   g  has a circular seal area  130   g , a porous port  125   g  connected to a porous link port  129   g , seal areas  130   g  is provided for a seal between gate  121   g  and seat  170   g , port  125   g  is communicated with port  174   g  for metering the flow fluid from inlet passageway  104   g  at a temperature at T 1 , port  125   g  is connected opening  102   g  through port  129   g , opening  102   g  is provided for conditioning fluids from ports  129   g , outlet passageway  105   g  and inlet passageway  104   g ′ is provided for circulating the flow fluid in opening  102   g  to keep a temperature at T 2 , spray ring  230   g  having a groove  233   g  to inlet passageway  104   g ″ is disposed in pocket  170   g ′ for injecting flow fluid through a porous wall  231 , porous port  232   g  to keep a temperature at T 3  before entering into outlet passageway  105   g , inlet passageway  104   g ′″ is provided with fluid nozzles (not shown) for controlling temperature at T 4  if required for further reduction of temperature. 
         [0102]    Referring to  FIGS. 47-55 , a valve  100   h  based on valve  100  comprises a body  101   h  having a cylindrical neck opening  102   h  with two seat pockets  107   h , 170   h ′, respectively receiving seats  170   h , 170   h ′, an inlet passageway  104   h  and an outlet passageway  105   h  with a noise/cavitation reducer  200 . A closure member  120   h  having a stem  124   h  and a gate  121   h  with two overlap circular flow ports  125   h , 125   h ′ is movably disposed in neck opening  102   h  for throttling flow fluid with a dual equal percentage flow pattern from inlets passageway  104   h  through seats  170   h ,  170   h ′ to outlet passageway  105   h  between fully closed and fully open positions. 
         [0103]    Reducer  200  comprises a set of pipes  210   a , 210   b , 210   c  and  210   d  in a concentric manner and a shock absorber  220  inserted in pipe  21  Od for reducing noise and cavitation, each of outside surfaces  214   a ,  214   b ,  214   c ,  214   d  in pipes  210   a ,  210   b ,  210   c ,  210   d  respectively includes multiple parallel grooves  218   a , 218   b , 218   c , 218   d  and multiple walls  219   a , 219   c , 219   c , 219   d , multiple slot  217   a ,  217   b , 217   c , 217   d  for forming multiple 90 degree, zigzag passages from an inlet  201  to an outlet  202  for gradually dissipating flow energy and insulting noise resource from outlet passageway  105   h , each of inside surfaces  215   a , 215   b , 215   c , 215   d  respectively with a step  216   a , step  216   b , step  216   c , step  216   d  is provided with a press fit for a telescopically concentric assembly, so such an arrangement of each of pipes  210   a ,  210   b ,  210   c ,  210   d  are provided for generating the sine vibrations at different phase, so those vibrations can cancel each. 
         [0104]    Shock absorber  220  comprises a retaining ring  225 , a front piston  221  with an o ring  224 , a spring  223  and a back piston  222  with an 0 ring  224  for stabilizing the flow fluid pressure in outlet passageway  105   h . A pipe  210   e  based on  210   a  can be constructed with additional radial ports for liquid and anti-cavitation applications, finally reducer  200  can be installed in ball  251  as a control unit  250  for rotary throttling or any flow control applications. 
         [0105]    Referring to  FIGS. 56-60 , a valve  100   j  based on valve  100  comprises an body  101   j  having a partial cylindrical neck opening  102   j  with two flat mating surfaces  118   j , 118   j ′ constructed with cylindrical slots  106   j , 106   j ′ in an opposite direction receiving respectively two support bars  145   j , 145   j ′. A closure member  120   j  movably disposed in neck opening  102   j  comprises a gate  121   j  having two flat mating surfaces  122   j , 122   j ′ constructed with two cylindrical slots  126   j , 126   j ′ engaged respectively with support bars  146   j , 146   j ′ for throttling flow fluid between fully closed and fully open positions, closure member  120   j  with two the identical diameter stem  124   j , 124   j ′ is disposed in body  101   j  and covered by a bottom flange  197   j  with a stem seal  190   j  and a top bonnet  150   j  with stem seal  190   j , so with a balanced arrangement of two stem  124   j , 124   j ′, the actuation force is required much less for operating valve  100   j.    
       Advantages 
       [0106]    From the description above, a number of advantage of some embodiments of my trunnion control gate valve become evident
   1. Sealability. For the first time in the valve history, this valve is fully metal-sealed in both static and dynamic manner, there is no temperature barrier or limit by seal materials like graphite, PEEK and PTFE, the seal capacity can take on working temperature up to 1450 F or more, the sealing surfaces can be flat like flange sealing surface, body joint sealing surface or cylindrical like shaft seal surface, with seat sealing surface of fine surface  16  RMS or special coatings gold, sliver and nickel, stem leakage can be between 3-50 ppm, since the seal assembly in the valve is self energized and pressure assistant seal, the all seal materials are the same, there is no constant local adjustment for the whole valve So the seals can last 5 to 30 years and away beyond any existing seal system in the valve industries.   2. Durability. With the novel gating mechanism, the load under pressure is shifted from the gate and seat in the conventional gate valve to the gate, support bars and body in this valve, the seat seal can be upstream seal which can further reduce operation force, with a balanced bottom stem and spring support bars, the operation force will greatly reduce, as result the wearing and tearing due to the friction and vibration can be further reduced, in meanwhile, all seals and support bars are self energized to compensate any wearing, with all benefits of the invention, the valve can last 5 to 30 years without replacement or readjustment.   3. Reliability. High operational reliability is based on the closure member which is only one moving part with fixed joint between the gate and stem, the movement of gate is accomplished by the gating mechanism with spring support bars between the slots of the body and gate, there is no chance that any foreign particle can prevent the gate from moving, moreover there are additional two redundancy for the gating mechanism; the cylindrical mating surface between the gate and body cylindrical neck opening and the flat seal surfaces between the seats and gate, while high seal reliability is based on two seat seals and one joint seal between body and bonnet and one stem seal, each seal assembly has at least three external seal contact surfaces and four internal contact surfaces, the stem seal has multiple seal rings, the number of redundancy can be 4 to 6, there is no valve ever developed which has such a high level of reliability like this valve in this invention.   4. Efficiency. The volume throttling mechanism with the four-step process; sealing, metering, conditioning and delivery in this invention greatly increase the efficiency, at full opening, the flow capacity is the same as standard size valve, while between full closed and opening, the valve can handle flow with over 1000 psi pressure drop and velocity under 200 ft/s, the conventional control valve with anti-cavitation feature has about half of flow capacity of standard size valve, moreover the operation forces in this valve is about ¾ of conventional valve due to the novel gating mechanism, spring support bars and balanced stem design, finally because the four-step process, even the delivery part of the gate wearing out in most case, this valve can used for shutoff and throttling in comparison with conventional two valves which include one for shutoff and other for throttling, the value of this valve increases considerably while cost still the same.   5. Versatility. This valve can be used for both shutoff and throttling in term of function and used in refiners, power plants, oil/gas drilling on surface, shale fracking and subsea operation, engine fuel delivery systems and chemical plants in term of markets, finally it can handle corrosive fluid, fluid mixed with solid particle, steam and mixed fluid with oil and gas in term of median content.   6. Robustness This valve can sustain multiple extreme conditions that no other valve can do, such as under fast elevated working temperature and high pressure, high pressure fluid with solid particle and corrosive additive, high temperature with highly oxidative fluid, high pressure drop with high temperature, the novel gating mechanism shift the load from between seat and gate to gate and body provides highly flexible but strong compensation system to handle the thermal expansion, wearing, deformation and to keep high precision gating position, while G ring metal seals is other advantage to compensate any wearing and deformation to keep good seals, moreover with spring energizing sleeves, the valve can handle catalytic hard particles in refiner process, high pressure fracking fluid for shale fracking operation.   7. Low cost. Simple structure of this valve make the manufacturing process very easy and inexpensive, the body can be simply fabricated by welding, forging and casting, a turning operation is required for the neck opening of body while cylindrical slot of body and gate can be accomplished by either drilling or milling operations, the stem and gate can be made out two and mounted together or one integral part, finally the cavitation reducer is made out of arranged of pipes, no expensive drilling like conventional reducers, only turning and milling operations are required.   
 
       CONCLUSION, RAMIFICATIONS AND SCOPE 
       [0114]    The present invention provides a long sought solution—“fixing gate” to a fundamental problem “float gate” in the conventional gate valve. The solution is (1) a novel gating mechanism includes a pair of spring round bars disposed between cylindrical slots between opening and the gate, the bar can be made out of AISI-0175, Allay 6150, Inconel 750 and 718, stainless steel 17-7, 301 and 302 (2) a pair cylindrical mating surfaces between valve body neck opening and gate cylindrical edges (3) closure member with a fixed joint between a stem and a gate or stem as an integral part of gate. The solution not only simplifies the manufacturing process, but also enhance the gate strength, reliability and mobility with the spring bars for compensating any misalignment or thermal expansion in both an ambient temperature and high temperature at one application, since the movement happens between the gate and spring bar, any replacement will be easy and inexpensive, in addition the gate valve can performs like the ball valve with float seats with upstream seal and has a single or double piston effect, more importantly the gate seat would not support a weight of the gate and stem unlike a ball valve seat, so the structure will increase the seat life tremendously in large size or high pressure class applications, as a result the seat replacement is much easy in comparison with top entry ball valve, with additional hardened face treatment on spring bars and the gate, this valve will last very long time up to 5 to 30 years, above all, this solution enable this gate valve to play a key role in control valves for server service or multiple extreme conditions with the simple, robust and reliable structure. 
         [0115]    The present invention provides a great solution for solid particle proof application, this solution provides a short sleeve energized by disc spring with no gap, it overcomes all shortcomings with long sleeves in prior arts, the sleeve is separated from the seat, so any defect or unbalanced loading on sleeve will not effect the seat seal and vice versa, second the sleeve locked with the body release any side load from the seat and can clean up hard buildup or particle on the gate as a scraper. third the back spring in the sleeve keep constant engagement between the gate and sleeve without the gate jamming and block any particle from the valve cavity under high temperature and pressure. 
         [0116]    The present invention introduces a new flow control mechanism with three features (1) a four-step throttling process, sealing, metering, conditioning and delivering (2) a volumetric throttling mechanism (3) a dual equal percentage flow pattern. Those features not only stabilize the process and increase accuracy of metering, reduce or eliminate cavitation, noise, but also greatly increase life of the product, it make possible for one valve with two functions; shutoff and flow throttling, any damage on the delivery part will not effect the metering and sealing functions, one of the applications will be an engine fuel metering valve, the erosion is a serious problem for the metering valve under high velocity and temperatures, the plug on conventional metering valve plays as a sealing, metering, conditioning and delivering device, no matter how strong the material it is, it will not last very long, even a small erosion on the plug will greatly effect of accuracy of feeding fuel, as a result the engine performance will be compromised, other application will be the conditioning valve in superheat steam cooling process, the conventional condition valve is based on the globe valve is inefficient with one step throttling, while this control gate vale based on this invention has three stage cooling process (1) at temperature T 1 , metering (2) at temperature T 2 , mixing/circulation/conditioning/delivery (3) at temperature T 3 , spraying/mixing (4) at temperature T 4  spraying/mixing, such a process can greatly increase cooling efficiency, reduce the steam energy loss, save water and energy, the water from T 2  can be up-used for steam regeneration or down—used as part of spraying water at T 3 . Finally for process control applications, dual equal percentage flow pattern will save lots of operation cost and setup cost for a known set point, since any increment around a set point is very small and fine, the control loop is much stable. 
         [0117]    The present invention discloses other breakthrough achievement—A metal G ring, the metal materials for C cover rings include AISI-0175, Allay 6150, Inconel 750 and 718, stainless steel 17-7, 301 and 302, while the material of I base ring can be any metal material, the coating for the cover C ring includes gold, sliver, nickel and PTFE and other materials, the metal G ring comprises four internal seal surfaces and three external seal surfaces for both static and dynamic seals applications under internal and external pressures beyond the capacities all existing sealing device can provide. First it combine a preset compression seals with two base surfaces and three external surfaces between C ring and I ring and pressures energize seals between two surfaces on I ring and C ring, second it breaks the temperature limit from −100 to 1000 F, third it provides a dynamic seal under high temperature and high pressure, fourth it will last from 5 to 30 years without any replacement under high temperature, while nonmetal seal material will deteriorate or age under sever service or multiple extreme conditions, so the applications with G ring will be subsea flow control system for 25 years life time or, nuclear power plant for 60 years life time, or jet engines or rocket engines for millions cycle or high reliable mission without replacement or failure. 
         [0118]    The noise/cavitation reducer in this invention provides a revolutionized method, a vibration self canceling mechanism, it completely change the focus from dissipating the energy between fluid-solid interaction to dissipating the energy between solid-solid interaction, such a method is much more controllable and efficient than the traditional method, although the traditional method is used to transfer fluid energy to solid, but in the end, the most energy dissipates through interaction between solids, such a design will greatly reduce the material and size of the reducer and improve the performance. 
         [0119]    Although the description above contains many specifications, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but as merely providing illustration of some of the presently preferred embodiments of this invention. 
         [0120]    Thus, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the examples given.