Abstract:
The object of the invention is to produce multipole magnetic systems that are composed of a plurality of individual magnetic components that preferably are made of rare-earth magnetic material. The invention relates to a method for producing and magazining at least one individual magnetic component, a magazine for at least one individual magnetic component by molding and for conventionally magnetizing the same. The invention further relates to a method of assembly for producing a magnetic system and to the resulting magnetic systems. The invention teaches that extremely flat multipole magnetic systems in the form of magnet rings or magnet strips and three-dimensional magnet bodies such as a magnetic scale, for example, can be produced by means of individual magnetic components that are directly adjacent to each other or are arranged at a distance by means of a molding material, for example. The magnetic systems taught by the invention are provided with a particularly high level of integration of the individual magnetic components and a uniform overall magnetization of the magnet segments which, acting as permanent magnet components, can be used in electromagnetic drives, magnetic path and angle measuring systems, magnetic couplings and valves, for example.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   This invention relates to the manufacture of multipole magnetic systems that are comprised of a plurality of individual magnetic components. For this purpose, a method is indicated for the manufacture by molding and magazining of at least one individual magnetic component, a magazine for at least one individual magnetic component and its magnetization, an assembly method for the manufacture of a magnetic system and the resulting magnetic systems, such as, for example, a magnet ring, a magnet strip and a magnetic scale. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Magnetic systems of the type described above are used, for example, in electromagnetic drives, such as permanent and hybrid drives, in magnetic distance and angle measurement systems, in magnetic couplings and valves and in magneto-sensitive sensors. In the course of miniaturization, these systems must be made smaller and smaller while achieving similar performance, or they must retain the same size while achieving ever-increasing performance. On one hand, magnetic systems are required that can be adapted visually to the measurement systems or the functional geometry of these systems. These systems can be both flat, two-dimensional magnetic films as well as magnet systems with a complex three-dimensional external shape. On the other hand, high-output magnetic materials such as rare-earth magnetic materials, in particular NdFeB, are being used. The advantage of NdFeB magnetic systems is that even at low magnetic film thicknesses, a high magnetic actuation and high B-field can be achieved in the magnetic circuit. NdFeB has a high magnetic hardness and a low demagnetization. Furthermore, a uniform overall magnetization of the magnet segments is desirable, to achieve the sharpest possible transition between two neighboring, oppositely polarized magnetic segments. 
   A disadvantage with the use of NdFeB magnetic systems is that magnetic field strengths of up to more than 500 kA/m and correspondingly high magnetization currents must be used for the production of the magnetic segments. In conventional magnetization devices, the magnetization of these magnetic systems is realized in a process by means of pulse magnetization with a short heavy current pulse by a magnetizer coil that is specially adapted to the magnetic system A disadvantage of this method is that on account of the extremely high magnetization currents, correspondingly large line cross sections are necessary for the coils, and that is a limiting factor for the distance between pole centers and thus for the integration density of the magnets. By means of this method, it becomes possible to manufacture magnetic systems with strip-shaped, multipole magnetization and distances between pole centers of 2 or 1 mm. 
   For example, as described in the publication “Micromachining and Microfabrication” in Proc. SPIE Vol. 3680B-65, for the manufacture of the disc rotor motor and its rotor disc described in the two German patent applications DE 199 02 370 and DE 199 02 371, a magnetic ring was manufactured by molding from NdFeB magnetic material. This ring was then multipole magnetized completely in a conventional pulse magnetization device with a coil shaped to correspond to the magnetic segments to be formed. On one hand, magnetic field losses are found in the peripheral areas between two magnetic segments, and on the other hand, the configuration of the magnetic surface is already significantly restricted by the fact that almost no magnetization takes place in areas of the coil windings. 
   With conventional shapes of the magnetization coils, moreover, complicated shapes of magnetic systems cannot be magnetized in a single process. As an alternative, the magnetic segments are produced individually, whereby magnetization heads generate part of the required magnetic field strength. A disadvantage of this method is that it is a serial process, and therefore requires a good deal of time to complete. Furthermore, to achieve the necessary saturation, a minimum distance must be maintained between the magnetic head and the surface to be magnetized, which is a limiting factor in the reduction of the distance between pole centers. Moreover, the very high forces that occur during the magnetization process place mechanical loads on the magnetization heads, which means that the magnetization heads must be provided with complex retaining and support structures. 
   To eliminate the problems of the magnetization of miniaturized magnetic systems described above, DE 195 33 120 A1 and the corresponding publication in the journal “Feinwerktechnik und Mikrotechnik, Mikroelektronik (FuM)” 105 (1998) 4, p. 194 ff., Carl Hanser Verlag, for the formation of a magnetic position sensor, describe a magnetic disc or a code carrier and a method for its manufacture, whereby the code carrier consists of two parts with a tooth structure on the periphery. The two parts are radially magnetized separately from each other, one part with the magnetic north pole on the outside periphery and the other part with the south pole on the outside periphery. When the two parts are put together, the desired alternating magnetic field is formed. One disadvantage with this process is that to assemble the code carrier, molded joint structures are required, which in this case are in the form of tooth structures. These joint structures also limit the further miniaturization of the code carriers. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The object of the invention is therefore to significantly improve a multipole magnetic system consisting of a plurality of individual magnetic components and a method for the manufacture of these individual magnetic components, as well as a method for the assembly of the individual magnetic components into such a magnetic system, so that any desired distance between pole centers can be created accurately and reproducibly, whereby a conventional magnetization device can be used, and magnetic systems can be manufactured with directly adjacent individual magnetic components. An additional object of the invention is to manufacture magnetic systems with retaining or joint structures that do not increase the height and size of the magnetic systems. 
   The invention teaches that the magnetic system to be fabricated is manufactured from a plurality of individual magnetic components, whereby a method taught by the invention is used for the manufacture by molding and magazining of at least one and preferably a plurality of individual magnetic components, and the entire magazine with the individual magnetic components is magnetized all at once in a magnetization device. The magazine is described by the characteristic features disclosed herein. Then the magnetized individual magnetic components are assembled directly from the magazine into a multipole magnetic system with two assembly methods taught by the invention. The magnetic systems preferably formed by these methods are also described herein below. 
   Additional objectives, advantages, features and possible applications of the Invention are explained in the following detailed description of a number of different exemplary embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings. All the features described and/or illustrated in the figures, individually or in any reasonable and desired combination, are the object of the invention, regardless of their placement in the claims or the reference numbers applied to them. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In the figures: 
       FIG. 1  a) is a plan view from overhead, and b) is a section through a magnet ring composed of a plurality of individual magnetic components. 
       FIG. 2  a) is a plan view from overhead, and b) is a section through a magnet strip composed of a plurality of individual magnetic components. 
       FIG. 3  shows an additional embodiment of the magnet strip. 
       FIG. 4  a) is a plan view from overhead and b) is a section through a magnetic scale composed of two magnet strips as illustrated in FIG.  3 . 
       FIGS. 5   a-d  illustrate the manufacture by molding of the individual magnetic components illustrated in  FIGS. 1  to  4 . 
       FIGS. 6   a-b  illustrate the manufacture by molding of a magazine that consists of a support and individual magnetic components. 
       FIG. 7  a) is a plan view from overhead and b) is a section through a magazine as illustrated in  FIG. 6  consisting of a support and individual magnetic components. 
       FIG. 8  a) shows the axial and b) the diametrical simultaneous magnetization of the individual magnetic components placed in the magazine as illustrated in FIG.  7 . 
       FIG. 9  a) is a plan view from overhead and b) is a detail and c) a section through the detail of a magazine with individual magnetic components in the shape of segments of a circular ring magnetized radially in the north-south pole direction. 
       FIG. 10  a) is a plan view from overhead and b) is a detail and c) a section through the detail of a magazine with individual magnetic components in the shape of segments of a circular ring magnetized radially in the south-north pole direction. 
       FIG. 11  a) is a plan view from overhead and b) is a section through a magazine with rectangular solid individual magnetic components magnetized axially in the south-north pole direction. 
       FIG. 12  is a section through an additional embodiment of the magazine with rectangular solid individual magnetic components magnetized in the south-north pole direction, whereby a magnet surface is manufactured. 
       FIG. 13  is a plan view from overhead of a detail of an additional embodiment of a magazine with rectangular solid individual magnetic components and recesses magnetized axially in the north-south pole direction. 
       FIG. 14  is a section through a detail of an additional embodiment of a magazine with rectangular solid individual magnetic components and recesses magnetized axially in the north-south pole direction. 
       FIG. 15  shows assembly robots for the multiple assembly of multipole magnetic systems. 
       FIG. 16  shows the assembly of a plurality of magnetic rings as illustrated in  FIG. 1  on an assembly plate with two magazines with individual magnetic components as illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10 . 
       FIG. 17  shows the assembly of a magazine with a plurality of magnetic rings illustrated in  FIG. 1  with a magazine with individual magnetic components and recesses and a magazine with individual magnetic components as illustrated in FIG.  10 . 
       FIG. 18  shows a magazine with a plurality of magnet rings as illustrated in FIG.  1 . 
       FIG. 19  illustrates the assembly of magnet rings as illustrated in  FIG. 1  on an assembly plate with a magazine with individual magnetic components. 
       FIG. 20  illustrates the assembly of a magnet strip as illustrated in  FIG. 2  on an assembly plate from two magazines as illustrated in FIG.  13 . 
       FIG. 21  illustrates the assembly of a magnet strip as illustrated in  FIG. 2  with one magazine as illustrated in FIG.  11  and one magazine as illustrated in FIG.  13 . 
       FIG. 22  illustrates the assembly of a magnetic scale as illustrated in  FIG. 4  with two magazines as illustrated in FIG.  11 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1   a  shows a plan view from overhead and  FIG. 1   b  shows a section through a multipole magnet system  3  in the form of a magnet ring  4  assembled from a plurality of magnetized individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 . 
   The individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  in the exemplary embodiment selected here, which can be accurately and reproducibly manufactured using an injection compression method, are both made of a magnetizable and moldable permanent magnetic material, such as plastic-bonded NdFeB material, for example. The use of plastic-bonded NdFeB material makes possible the molding of thin-walled or flat shapes of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 . The individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  have the external shape  52  of the segments of a circular ring, and as illustrated in  FIG. 1  are arranged in the magnet ring  4  alternately and directly adjacent to each other. The thickness of the magnet ring  4  is approximately 300 μm. It would also be possible to use other manufacturing molding methods, such as injection molding or compression molding, for example. Moldable SmCo, such as plastic-bonded SmCo, for example, can also be used as the magnetic material. The individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  can also be made of magnetic materials with a low remanent induction, such as hard ferrites on a strontium or barium basis, for example, or a magnetizable material with a low coercive field strength such as AlNiCo, for example. 
   The invention teaches that the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  are magnetized in a conventional magnetization device as illustrated in  FIG. 8  by means of pulse magnetization along their longitudinal and transverse dimension. The individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  are both axially magnetized, and in particular so that the individual magnetic components  1  are magnetized in the north-south pole direction, which is another way of saying that the individual magnetic components  1  illustrated in  FIG. 1   c  have a north pole on the one end surface  5   a  and a south pole on the other end surface  5   b . The individual magnetic components  2  are correspondingly polarized axially in the opposite south-north pole direction, i.e. they have a south pole on the end surface  5   a  and a north pole on the end surface  5   b . Consequently, the magnet ring  4  assembled from the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  is an 8-pole assembly on both end surfaces  5   a ,  5   b  and therefore has 4 pairs of poles. 
   The magnet ring  4  is used as the rotor disc in a DC disc rotor motor as described in one of the two patent applications DE 199 02 370 and DE 199 02 371. As a result of the extremely flat vertical dimension of the magnet ring  4 , the disc rotor motor has a vertical dimension of only 1.4 mm with an outside diameter of 12.8 mm. The torque constant of the motor is approximately 0.40 μNm/mA. The motor can be used without further modification for speeds of rotation of up to 20,000 min −1  with very high freedom from vibration. 
   In general, the molding manufacture of the individual magnetic components taught by the invention and their separate magnetization can be used to accurately and reproducibly manufacture any desired distance between pole centers. In addition, the magnet ring  4  has no large support or retaining structures. This arrangement makes possible the further miniaturization of systems in which the magnet ring  4  is used, such as, for example, electromagnetic drives, including hybrid stepper motors and disc rotor motors. In this regard, reference is made to the article entitled “Kleine Kraftpakete—Strukturierte dünne Magnetschichten” [Small Power Packets—Structurable thin magnetic films] in the journal F&amp;M 107 (1999) 4, p. 24 ff, and to the article entitled “Optimierte Magnete für Hybridschrittmotoren” [Optimized magnets for hybrid stepper motors] in F&amp;M 106 (1998) 7-8 p. 503 ff., both published by Carl Hanser Verlag. 
     FIG. 2   a  shows a plan view from overhead and  FIG. 2   b  shows a section through a multipole magnet system  3  in the form of a magnet strip  8  made up of a polarity of magnetized individual magnetic components  6 ,  7 . The Individual magnetic components  6 ,  7  have a rectangular solid outer shape  52  and are arranged alternately and directly adjacent to one another in the magnet strip  8 . The thickness of the magnet strip  8  is approximately 300 μm. The individual magnetic components  6 ,  7  are both axially magnetized, whereby the individual magnetic components  6  have a north pole on the end surface  9   a  of the magnet strip  8  illustrated in FIG.  2  and the individual magnetic components  7  have a south pole. Consequently, the magnet strip is polarized on the end surface  9   a  as well as on the end surface  9   b  with 19 poles with north and south poles in alternation. This magnet strip  8  formed from permanent magnets of alternating polarity can be used as a permanent magnet component in magnetic distance measurement systems, for example, in an embodiment designed to take measurements of length. 
     FIG. 3  is a section through an additional exemplary embodiment of the magnet strip  8  formed from permanent magnets of alternating polarity. In contrast to the embodiment illustrated in 
     FIG. 2 , the individual magnetic components  6 ,  7  are located next to one another by a carrier  10 . The carrier  10  is made of a molded material  34  and in the exemplary embodiment illustrated here is made of a two-component molding resin. Another preferred carrier material is a thermoplastic or elastomer plastic. As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the carrier  10  or the molded material  34  encompasses the individual magnetic components  6 ,  7  on their lateral surfaces  16   a, b  and  17   a, b  in a positive or form-fitting manner, and molding material  34  is located between each two neighboring individual magnetic components  6 ,  7 . In this embodiment, the individual magnetic components  6 ,  7  are kept separate from one another by the carrier material, so that magnet systems  3  with a greater distance between pole centers can be manufactured. The carrier material arranged in this manner also performs a supporting and retaining function between each two individual magnetic components  6 ,  7  and thereby improves the mechanical stability of the magnet strip  8 , although without increasing its height. The necessary mechanical stability of this magnet strip  8  is further improved by the fact that the carrier  10  is also realized so that it acts as a form-fitting outer enclosure  18  for the individual magnetic components  6 ,  7 . The external shape of the enclosure  18  can therefore be a circle, a strip or a similar shape. 
     FIG. 4   a  is a plan view from overhead and  FIG. 4   b  is a section through a magnetic scale  12  that is put together from two magnet strips  8   a, b . The magnet strip  8   a  illustrated in  FIG. 4   b , in contrast to the magnet strip  8  illustrated in  FIG. 3 , has individual magnetic components  7  that are magnetized only in the south-north pole direction, and are located at some distance from one other by the carrier  10  made of molding material  34 . In the same manner, individual magnetic components  6  magnetized in the north-south pole direction are assembled into the magnet strip  8   b . The magnetic scale  12  illustrated in  FIG. 4   b  consists of the two magnet strips  8   a  and  8   b  located one on top of the other, whereby the individual magnetic components  7  can be arranged so that they are laterally offset with respect to the individual magnetic components  6 , so that the magnetic scale  12  has alternating polarity on the two end surfaces  13   a, b . In the exemplary embodiment illustrated here, the magnetic scale  12  illustrated in  FIG. 4   a  in an overhead plan view has south poles of the individual magnetic components located next to each other in the magnet strip  8   a  of the end surface  13   a , and between them, as shown in the sectional view, north poles of the individual magnetic components  6  located in the magnet strip  8   b . As a result of this arrangement of the individual magnetic components  6 ,  7 , the magnetic scale  12  generates an alternating magnetic flux along the end surface  13   a . Thus the magnetic scale  12  can be coupled in a rotationally symmetrical shape to a motor shaft and act as a decoder. On the other hand, the magnetic scale  12  can also be used in a linear actuator to embody the longitudinal dimension, and thus provide a length measurement. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b , the two ends  14   a ,  14   b  of the magnetic scale  12  can be realized in the form of non-magnetizable carrier material in the form of a step  15 . These steps  15  make possible a lateral gripping of the magnetic scale  12 , without having to come into contact with the individual magnetic components  6 ,  7 . Of course, the two ends  14   a, b  of the magnetic scale  12  can also be realized in the form of perpendicular ends without a step  15 . 
     FIGS. 5   a  to  5   d  illustrate an injection compression process as a preferred method for the manufacture of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  as illustrated in  FIGS. 1  to  4 .  FIG. 5   a  is a schematic illustration of the structure of an injection compression tool  19 . The injection compression tool  19  has an upper tool half  20  and a lower tool half  21 , each of which has a closing stop  22   a, b . In the open position of the injection compression tool  19  shown in  FIG. 5   a , the two dosing stops  22   a, b  are separated from each other. To mold a plurality of individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  on a base plate  23 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 5   b  to  5   d , the upper tool half  20  has a mold insert  24  that has a plurality of cavities  25 . The bottom tool have  21  has for this purpose a gate channel  27  with a conically shaped injector tip  28  and an injection nozzle  29  for the injection or charging of a magnetizable material  26  into the mold insert  24 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 5   a, b . The injection nozzle  29  is oriented centrally with respect to the injection tip  28  and to the mold insert  24 . As shown in  FIG. 5   a , the magnetizable material  26  is first placed in the mold insert  24  in the form of a bubble  30 . 
   In the closed position of the tool  19  illustrated in  FIG. 5   b , the bottom tool half  21  fits into the top tool half  20  until the two closing stops  22   a, b  come into contact with each other. On one hand, this causes the magnetizable material  26  to be pressed into the cavities  25 . On the other hand, the injection nozzle  29  penetrates into the injector tip  28  and seals it off. This makes possible a small-volume casting and a defined separation of the magnetizable material  26  from the base plate  23  molded in the mold insert  24 . 
   One very special teaching of the invention is that the arrangement specified for the manufacture by molding of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  using the mold insert  24  is transferred to the arrangement of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  on the base plate  23 . Consequently, this arrangement and thus the fixed position of the various individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  with respect to one another is retained for the entire rest of the processing and handling of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7 , namely for the manufacture by molding of a magazine  40  with individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 , 7 , the magnetization and assembly of which into a magnet system  3  are retained, for example when they are assembled into a magnet ring  4  or a magnet strip  8 . In this regard,  FIG. 5   c  shows a sectional view and  FIG. 5   d  a plan view from overhead of the base plate  23  unmolded from the injection compression tool  19  with a plurality of individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  in the form of segments of a circular ring located on it. As illustrated in  FIG. 5   d , the base plate  25  is realized in the external format of a wafer  31  with a dimension of  3 ,  4 ,  5  or  6  inches, for example. This teaching makes it possible to use the handling and transport technology of the semiconductor industry. 
   A further special teaching of the invention is that the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  on the base plate  23 , oriented as shown in  FIG. 5   d , are already arranged in groups  32 , so that after they have been magazined and magnetized in this group arrangement, they can be assembled directly into a magnet system  3 . 
     FIGS. 6   a  and  6   b  show the manufacturing by molding of a magazine  40  that consists of a carrier  10  and individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7 .  FIG. 6   a  shows a two-component injection molding method as a preferred method for the manufacture by molding of the magazine  40  with individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  as illustrated in  FIGS. 1  to  4 . As illustrated in  FIG. 6   a , first the base plate  23  with the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  located on it is set with an excess border on the side in a molding tray  33 . Then the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  are inserted from above with the two-component molding resin  34  that forms the carrier  10  and hardens. As a result of this process, the arrangement defined by the mold insert and transferred to the base plate  23  and the fixed position of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  with respect to one another is retained in the magazine  40 . After the resin  34  has set, the base plate  23  with the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 , molded onto it are removed from the molding tray  33  and, as shown in  FIG. 6   b , are placed on a vacuum holding plate, to remove the flashing  36  of the resin  34  that extends beyond the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  and the base plate  23  by milling. 
   Alternatively, the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  and the magazine  40  can also be manufactured using a two-component injection molding process. For that purpose, the injection mold used is preferably of the type illustrated in  FIGS. 2  to  4  of Patent Application DE 199 26 181. In general, it thereby becomes possible for the sequence of manufacturing operations of the magazine  40  and of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  to be selected as desired, depending on the configuration of the individual magnetic components and of the magazine. Thus the magazine  40  can be manufactured first and then the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7 , for example in two immediately successive molding processes. Consequently, both the base plate  23  used during the two-component molding process and the mechanical post-treatment illustrated in  FIG. 6   b  are no longer necessary for the manufacture of the magazine  40 . 
     FIG. 7   a  is a plan view from overhead and  FIG. 7   b  is a section through the magazine  40  manufactured in the manner described above with a plurality of individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 . The individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  in the embodiment of the magazine  40  illustrated here are encompassed in a form-fitting manner by the molding material  34  on all their lateral surfaces, i.e. there is also molding material  34  between two neighboring individual magnetic components  1 . 2 . As a result of this embodiment, it is possible to realize a flat magazine  40  that has the same height as the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  with a plurality of individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  made of plastic-bonded NdFeB material. The comparison with  FIG. 5   c  also shows that the arrangement of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  in groups  32  is also retained In the magazine  40 . The advantage is that the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  now need only be surrounded by the molding material  34  on their lateral surfaces  37  and do not, as in  FIG. 5   c , sit on the base plate  23 , and further that the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  can therefore be removed from the magazine  40  for assembly simply by pushing them out of the magazine  40 . 
     FIG. 8  shows a conventional magnetization device  38  with large magnetization coils  39  of the type used for the magnetization of all the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  put together in the magazine  40  as shown in FIG.  7 . The special advantage of this magnetization as taught by the invention is that all the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  in the magazine  40  can be magnetized with a specified polarization together and simultaneously with one coil, and specifically regardless of the shape of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7 . Furthermore, with an appropriate sizing of the magnetization coils  39 , only the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  located in an area of the magazine  40 , such as in one half of the magazine  40 , can be magnetized in the same direction. It thereby becomes possible that in an overhead view of a magazine  40 , one half of the magazine  40  has north magnetic poles and the other half of the magazine  40  has south magnetic poles.  FIG. 8  shows an axial magnetization of all the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  in the magazine  40 , so that the individual magnetic components are magnetized with opposite polarity on the two end surfaces.  FIG. 8   b  shows a diametrical magnetization of all the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  in the magazine  40 , so that the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  can be magnetized with opposite polarity on their facing lateral surfaces. The particular advantage of this magnetization taught by the invention of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7 , which correspond to the magnet segments in the magnet system  3  to be formed, is that, compared to a magnetization of a complete magnet system  3 , such as for example the magnet ring  4  in  FIG. 1 , the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  can be completely magnetized all the way through. This prevents, among other things, a decay of the magnetic field in the peripheral areas of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7 . Consequently, the magnetic field decay in the neighboring magnet segments in the magnet system  3  is determined only by the combination of the oppositely magnetized individual magnetic components  1  and  2  or  6  and  7 . In addition, a further miniaturization of the magnet systems  3 ,  4 ,  8 ,  12  to be formed with the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  becomes possible, because even extremely small individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7 , manufactured by molding can be completely magnetized. 
     FIGS. 9  to  13  show various embodiments of the magazine  40  with the individual magnetic components  40  assembled inside them, which correspond to the magnetic segments in the magnet system  3  to be formed. 
     FIG. 9   a  Is a plan view from overhead and  FIG. 9   b  is a detail, and  FIG. 9   c  is a section through said detail of a magazine  40  with a plurality of circular ring-shaped individual magnetic components  1  to be magnetized axially, when viewed from overhead, in the north-south pole direction.  FIG. 10  repeats the illustration in  FIG. 9 , although  FIG. 10  shows a magazine  40  with a plurality of circular ring-shaped individual magnetic components  2  to be magnetized axially, when viewed from overhead, in the south-north pole direction. A comparison of the orientations of the individual magnetic components  1  in  FIG. 9  with the individual magnetic components  2  in  FIG. 10 , in particular in the enlarged details shown in  FIG. 10   b  and  FIG. 9   b , shows that the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  are each arranged in groups  32  so that they are complementary to each other and are arranged in a circular ring, so that they can then be assembled directly into a multipole magnet ring  4  as illustrated in FIG.  1 .  FIGS. 9   c  and  10   c  show the axial magnetization of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  located in the group  32 . 
     FIG. 11   a  shows a plan view from overhead and  FIG. 11   b  shows a section through a magazine  40  with individual magnetic components  7  in the shape of a rectangular solid that are magnetized axially in the south-north pole direction. In this exemplary embodiment, the individual magnetic components  7  are located at some distance from one another in the magazine  40 , so that between two neighboring individual magnetic components  7 , there is the carrier  10  or molding material  34 . Moreover, 10 individual magnetic components  7  are arranged parallel to one another in a magnet strip  8   a  as illustrated in  FIG. 4   b . The magazine  40  has, around each magnet strip  8   a , a rectangular frame  18 ′ made of magnetizable material  26  located around the individual magnetic components. This arrangement of the frame  18 ′ makes it possible for the magnet strip  8   a  to be removed from the magazine  40  as a unit, i.e. with all 10 individual magnetic components  7 . After the removal of the magnet strip  8   a  from the magazine  40 , the frame  18 ′ which is conventionally made of magnetizable material  26  is detached from the magnet strip  8   a , so that then the individual magnetic components  7  can be assembled by a frame  18  made of molding material  34 . The magnet strip  8   a  can be used, among other things, to manufacture magnet systems  3  with a greater distance between pole centers or even multilayer magnetic film systems  3 , such as the magnetic scale  12  illustrated in  FIG. 4  by way of example. As shown in  FIG. 11   b , the molding material  34  encompasses the individual magnetic components  7  in the exemplary embodiment illustrated here on their lateral surfaces in a form-fitting manner, so that the carrier  10  and the individual magnetic components  7  are realized with the same vertical dimension. An additional embodiment, not shown in the illustration, of the magazine  40  with individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  has the molding material  34  encompassing the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  at least on parts of their outside surfaces, such as, for example, on at least parts of their end surfaces, so that it can act as a carrier  10 . The individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  are therefore covered with molding material  34  to protect at least parts of their end surfaces. This embodiment can be used preferably if instead of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7 , entire magnet systems  3 , such as for example the magnet strip  8   a , are removed from the magazine  40  to manufacture a magnetic scale  12 , for example. The molding material  34  on the end surface of an individual magnetic component  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  can also be realized in the form of a connecting means for the location of an additional magnet strip, without thereby increasing the vertical dimension of the magnetic scale  12 . 
     FIG. 12  shows a section of a detail of an additional embodiment of the magazine  40  with individual magnetic components  7  in the form of a rectangular solid magnetized axially in the south-north pole direction. In this embodiment, in contrast to  FIG. 11  b, the individual magnetic components  7  and the carrier  10  are manufactured with different heights. The purpose of this measure is to ensure that the carrier  10  is manufactured only with parts of the lateral surfaces  17   a, b  of the individual magnetic components  7  in adhesive contact. This reduced adhesive contact facilitates the process of releasing the magnet strip  8   a  from the magazine  40 . Moreover, in this embodiment of the magazine  40 , the removal of the individual magnetic components  7  from the magazine during the release process is also easier. For the manufacture of this embodiment of the magazine  40 , preference is given to the use of a two-component injection molding process for the manufacture of the carrier  10  and of the individual magnetic components  7 . In general, the structure of multipole magnet surfaces  3  forms a plurality of individual magnetic components  7  arranged in an offset pattern is possible, as illustrated schematically in FIG.  12 . To construct this magnet surface, for example, an additional individual magnetic component  6  is inserted between two individual magnetic components  7  that are next to one another and project out of the carrier  10 . This method is repeated until a sufficiently large checkerboard-pattern magnet surface consisting of north and south magnetic poles is manufactured. 
     FIG. 13  shows a plan view from overhead of an additional embodiment of a magazine  40  with rectangular solid magnetic components  6  magnetized axially in the north south pole direction and recesses  11 . Compared to the illustration in  FIG. 11 , this figure shows only a detail of the magazine  40  in the form of a magnet strip  8   c . In this magnet strip  8   c , only individual magnetic components  6  are arranged next to each other so that between two individual magnetic components  6  there is a recess  11 . The individual magnetic components  6  are held together by the carrier  10  which is realized in the form of a strip-shaped frame  18 . 
     FIG. 14  shows a section through an additional embodiment of a magazine  40  with individual magnetic components  6  in the shape of a rectangular solid magnetized axially in the north-south pole direction and recesses  11 , whereby only a portion of the magazine  40  is shown in the form of a magnet strip  8   d . In contrast to the magnet strip  8   d  illustrated in  FIG. 13 , between each two individual magnetic components  6  in a row there is molding material  34 , then a recess  11 , and then molding material  34  again. 
     FIGS. 15  to  21  show various realizations of the assembly method claimed by the invention for the manufacture of a magnet system  3 . The teaching common to all of these realizations is that to manufacture the magnet system  3 , at least one magazine  40  is sued, and the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  which correspond to the magnetic segments in the magnet system  3  to be formed, are positioned out of the magazine  40  directly into the assembly position on a carrier  10 , so that a multipole magnet system  3 , like the magnet ring  4 , the magnet strip  8  or the magnetic scale  12 , for example, is formed with alternating polarity on the two end surfaces. 
     FIG. 15  shows an assembly robot  41  which is used for a particularly preferred multiple assembly of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  from the magazine  40  for the manufacture of the magnet system  3 . For this purpose, the assembly robot  41 , to press the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  out of the magazine  40  into the assembly on the carrier  10 , has an expulsion ram  51  with expulsion pins  51   a  and, as a support for the magazine  40 , a support plate  42 . In the support plate  42 , directly underneath the expulsion ram  51 , there is an anvil-like supporting ram  43 . In the exemplary embodiment illustrated here, the rotor disc of the disc rotor motor described in the two patent applications DE 199 02 370 and DE 199 02 371 is being manufactured. For this purpose, in one preferred embodiment, first the individual magnetic components  1  magnetized in the north-south pole direction are transported to the magazine  40  as illustrated in  FIG. 9  from the support plate  42 , either by a feed table or by a conveyor belt. Then the carrier  10  in the form of the motor cover  44  of the disc rotor motor is located on the expulsion ram  42  directly opposite underneath the magazine  40  on a guide bolt  45  of the anvil-like supporting ram  43 . 
   Then the expulsion ram  51  is lowered, pneumatically for example, in the direction indicated by the arrow in  FIG. 15 , and by means of the expulsion pins  51   a , the entire group  32  of individual magnetic components  1  illustrated in the enlarged detail in  FIG. 9   b  is pushed out onto the motor cover  44 . To prevent a tipping of the individual magnetic components  1  after the individual magnetic components  1  have been detached from the magazine  40 , the movement of the expulsion ram  51  can be synchronized with a movement in the opposite direction by the supporting ram  43  so that an expulsion of the individual magnetic components  1  becomes possible with the components being constantly guided both positively and non-positively. Consequently, on the motor cover  44  a magnet ring  3  is formed, in which there is a space between each two individual magnetic components  1 . Then the expulsion ram  51  is raised again and a magazine  40  of the type illustrated in  FIG. 10  with individual magnetic components  2  magnetized in the south-north pole direction Is guided to the support plate  42  and oriented so that the individual magnetic components  2  arranged in groups  32  complementary to the individual magnetic components  2  can be expelled directly into the remaining spaces of the magnet ring  3  on the motor cover  44 . The motor cover  44  has an adhesive coating to fix the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  in position. Finally the disc rotor, which consists of the motor cover  44  with the magnet ring  5  affixed to it, is removed from underneath the expulsion ram  51  and the next rotor disc is manufactured. 
     FIG. 16  illustrates and repeats the assembly process described above from two magazines with individual magnetic components as illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10  for the manufacture of a magnet ring  3  from FIG.  1 . In this case, a preferably soft magnetic assembly plate  47  is used as the carrier  10  to fix the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  in position. The adhesive layer  46  can thereby be eliminated. 
     FIG. 17  shows another embodiment of the assembly method for the manufacture of magnet rings. In this case, a magazine  40  as shown in  FIG. 9  is used with individual magnetic components  2  arranged in groups  32 . The carrier  10  is a magazine  40  with individual magnetic components  1  arranged in groups, in which, as illustrated in  FIG. 13 , there is at least one recess  11  between each two neighboring individual magnetic components. For the manufacture of the magnet ring  3 , the individual magnetic components  2  are pushed out by the expulsion pins  51   a  of the assembly robot  41  directly into the recesses  11 . The result, as shown in  FIG. 18 , is a magazine  50  which is made of hardened molding material  34 , preferably two-component resin  34   a  or plastic, which encompasses a plurality of magnet rings  3  consisting of individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  at least on parts of one lateral surface. 
     FIGS. 19   a  to  c  show the assembly of magnet rings  3  from  FIG. 1  on a soft magnetic assembly plate  47 , whereby only one magazine  40  is being used. As shown in  FIG. 19   a , this magazine  40 , on the first half of the magazine  40  identified by the number  48 , has only individual magnetic components  1  magnetized in the north-south pole direction, and on the second half identified by the number  49 , only individual magnetic components  2  magnetized in the south-north pole direction. Using the assembly robot  41 , first the individual magnetic components  1  located in a group  32  in the first half are expelled onto the assembly plate  47  and fixed in position. Then the magazine  40 , as a comparison of  FIGS. 18   a  and  18   b  shows, is rotated by 180°. Then the individual magnetic components  2  magnetized as shown in  FIG. 18   b  in the south-north pole direction and arranged in a group  2  are expelled onto the assembly plate  47 . As a result, a plurality of magnet rings,  3  are formed on the assembly plate  47 , as shown in  FIG. 19   c.    
     FIG. 20  shows the manufacture of a magnet strip  8  of the type illustrated in FIG.  2 . For this purpose, two magazines  40  as illustrated in  FIG. 13  with, on one hand, individual magnetic components  6  arranged in a magnet strip  8   c  and magnetized in the north-south pole direction, and on the other hand individual magnetic components  7  arranged in a magnet strip  8   c  and magnetized in the south-north pole direction are fed to the assembly robot  41  one after the other. First, by means of the expulsion pins  51   a , all the individual magnetic components  6  are pushed out of the corresponding magnet strip  8   c  onto the carrier, which is not shown here, and are fixed in position with an adhesive if necessary. The result is that first a magnet strip  8  is formed, in which a space is located between two neighboring individual magnetic components  6 . Then the individual magnetic components  7  are pushed out of the corresponding magnet strip  8   c  as illustrated in  FIG. 13  onto the carrier (backing) and into these spaces. The result is the magnet strip  8  with individual magnetic components  6 ,  7  lying directly next to each other, as shown in FIG.  20 . 
     FIG. 21  shows that with a magnet strip  8   c  as illustrated in  FIG. 21   b , each of which has a recess  11  between two neighboring individual magnetic components  7  and a frame  18  in the form of the carrier  10 , it is possible to manufacture a multipole magnet strip  8  as illustrated in  FIG. 21   c  with individual magnetic components  6 ,  7  directly next to one another and an outer frame  18 . For this purpose, the magnet strip  8   c  in the exemplary embodiment selected here and illustrated in  FIG. 21   b  has a base plate  53 . Individual magnetic components  6  arranged in a magnet strip  8   b  as shown in  FIG. 21   a  are then placed on this base plate  53  and inserted in the recesses  11 . Then the base plate  53  is removed, by milling, for example, to form the multipole magnet strip  8  illustrated in  FIG. 21   c  with individual magnetic components  6 ,  7  lying directly next to each other and the outer frame  18 . 
   Finally,  FIG. 22  illustrates the assembly of a magnetic scale  12  as shown in FIG.  4 . For this purpose, two magazines  40  as shown in  FIG. 11  with the magnet strips  8   a, b  in them, with on one hand individual magnetic components  6  that are separated from one another by molding material  34  and are magnetized axially in the north-south pole direction, and on the other hand individual magnetic components  7  arranged in a corresponding manner and magnetized axially in the south-north pole direction are used. The two magnet strips  8   a, b  shown in  FIG. 22  are located on one another as illustrated in  FIG. 22  so that the individual magnetic components  7  are laterally offset from the individual magnetic components  6 , forming a magnetic scale  12  with alternating polarity on the two end surfaces  13   a, b.    
   The magnet strip  8  illustrated in  FIG. 3  is manufactured by using a magazine  40  as illustrated in  FIG. 14  with individual magnetic components  6 , in which, between each two neighboring individual magnetic components  6  there is molding material  34 , then a recess  11 , and then more molding material  34 . Then individual magnetic components  7  are pressed into these recesses  11 . For this purpose, for example, a magazine  40  as illustrated in  FIG. 11  with individual magnetic components  7  is used, in which the distance between two neighboring individual magnetic components  7  is adapted to the distance between the recesses  11 . The advantage of the manufacture as taught by the invention of a magnet system  3  from a plurality of individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  which are arranged in a magazine  40  with a fixed position in relation to one another, is that extremely flat multipole magnet systems  3  can be manufactured as illustrated in  FIGS. 1  to  4 . For example, this method can be used to manufacture extremely flat multipole magnet rings  4  as illustrated in  FIG. 1  or magnet strips  8  as illustrated in  FIG. 2  with individual magnetic components  1 ,  2  and  6 ,  7  respectively directly next to each other. The particular advantage of these magnet systems  3  is that no supporting or retaining structures need to be located between the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  that form the magnet segments. As a result, a particularly high density of integration of individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  becomes possible in the magnet system  3  with almost any desired small distance between pole centers, whereby the invention teaches that only the assembly tolerance of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  is a limiting factor in the manufacture of the magnet system  3 . The invention teaches that this assembly tolerance is already reduced to a very low amount, because on one hand the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  are held in a defined position of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 , 6 , 7  with respect to one another by the mold insert used in the molding portion of the manufacturing operation. On the other hand, the invention teaches that the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  are arranged in groups with respect to one another so that they can be removed together in this group arrangement directly from the magazine  40  and assembled into the magnet system  3 . Thus the assembly tolerance is determined only by the precision of the transfer or the assembly of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  out of the magazine  40  and into the magnet system  3 . An additional general advantage of the invention is that the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  assembled in a plurality in a magazine  40  can be completely and simultaneously magnetized all the way through in a conventional magnetization device. As a result, in particular even losses that are caused during the multipole magnetization of a complete multipole magnet system, for example a multipole magnet ring, can be prevented by superimposing the coil windings of the magnetization device with the magnet segments. 
   The invention teaches that, with the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  claimed by the invention or the magazines  40  claimed by the invention with individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7 , even extremely flat multipole magnet systems  3  as illustrated in  FIG. 3  can be manufactured, in which between two neighboring individual magnetic components  6 ,  7  there is a carrier  10  made of molding material  34 . This carrier here is used only as a lateral support or retaining structure, whereby the height of the magnet system  3  is not thereby increased. As a result of this arrangement of the carrier  0 , a greater distance between pole centers of the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  is also achieved, which can be a very desirable feature in certain magnet systems  3 . 
   Moreover, the invention teaches that additional flat multipole magnet systems  3  can be manufactured, like the checkerboard-pattern magnetic surface  3  illustrated by way of example in 
   FIG.  12 . Flat magnet systems  3  as claimed by the invention can also be used to construct three-dimensional magnet bodies  3 , such as the magnetic scale  12  illustrated in  FIG. 4 , for example. The invention also teaches that the individual magnetic components  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  7  can be released from the corresponding magazine  40  and then stacked to form a three-dimensional magnetic body  3 . 
   Nomenclature: 
   
       
         1  Individual magnetic component 
         2  Individual magnetic component 
         3  Magnet system 
         4  Magnet ring 
         5   a, b  End surface 
         6  Individual magnetic component 
         7  Individual magnetic component 
         8  Magnet strip 
         8   a, b, c, d  Magnet strip 
         9   a, b  End surface 
         10  Carrier 
         11  Recess 
         12  Magnetic scale 
         13   a, b  End surface 
         14   a, b  Transverse side end 
         15  Step 
         16   a, b  Lateral surface 
         17   a, b  Lateral surface 
         18 ,  18 ′ Frame 
         19  Injection compression tool 
         20  Top tool half 
         21  Bottom tool half 
         22   a, b  Closing stop 
         23  Base plate 
         24  Mold insert 
         25  Cavity 
         26  Magnetizable material 
         27  Injection channel 
         28  Injection Up 
         29  Injection nozzle 
         30  Bubble 
         31  Wafer 
         32  Group with individual magnetic components 
         33  Casting pan 
         34  Molding material 
         34   a  Two-component resin 
         35  Vacuum retaining plate 
         36  Flashing 
         37  Lateral surface 
         38  Magnetizing device 
         39  Coil 
         40  Magazine 
         41  Assembly robot 
         42  Support plate 
         43  Supporting ram 
         44  Motor cover 
         45  Guide pins 
         46  Adhesive layer 
         47  Assembly plate 
         48  Reference marking 
         49  Additional reference marking 
         50  Magazine 
         51  Expulsion ram 
         51   a  Expulsion pins 
         52  External shape 
         53  Base surface