Abstract:
Aspects of the present invention relate to the pull away from rest of a motor vehicle on a slope. The vehicle includes an automatic transmission and internal combustion engine with an electronic controller. The engine torque response to the accelerator pedal input is modified accounting for the slope to improve consistency of pull away on different slopes and reduce the dead pedal feeling on steep slopes.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to the acceleration of a motor vehicle from rest on an inclined surface, in particular a system and method by which this is achieved. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Motor vehicles are well known and are often fitted with automatic transmissions of various types in order to improve comfort and reduce driver workload. It is common for a conventional automatic transmission to include a hydrodynamic torque converter to facilitate launch, or the process of pulling away from a stationary condition. The inherent behaviour of a torque converter leads it to transmit some engine torque to the vehicle when the vehicle is stationary, the transmission has a gear engaged and the engine is at its idle speed. This leads to the vehicle accelerating from rest to a low speed when the brakes are released on a level road surface. This behaviour is known as creep and allows the driver to easily manoeuver the vehicle when parking using only the brakes to control the vehicle speed. Other automatic transmission configurations may provide a similar function by the control of clutches or electric motors. These transmissions could include, but are not limited to automated manual transmissions, automated clutch transmissions, dual clutch transmissions and hybrid or electric transmissions. In this case the transmission provides the function in order to make a parking or low speed manoeuvring more convenient for the driver. 
         [0003]    A motor vehicle will generally be fitted with two braking systems, the foundation brakes and parking brake. The foundation brakes are normally applied by the use of a pedal and are used to slow or stop the vehicle in normal driving manoeuvres. The parking brake is normally applied by the use of a lever, a latching pedal or electrical switch and is used when the vehicle is stationary in order to hold the vehicle and allow the driver to leave. It is common for these systems to be electronically assisted or controlled to provide enhanced features such as antilock braking, traction control, drive away release and improved parking force with low lever force. In order to provide these enhanced functions the braking system requires a number of sensors such as wheel speed sensors, vehicle longitudinal acceleration sensors and inclination sensors. The data from these sensors is often available on a vehicle communication network such as a controller area network (CAN) bus and may be used by other controllers, reducing duplication of sensors or improving detection and failsafe behaviour in the event of a sensor failure. 
         [0004]    It is known that a vehicle equipped with an automatic transmission will creep as described above on a level surface. On a slight slope the creep will reduce and as the slope increases the vehicle will stop. If the vehicle encounters a steeper slope it will roll backward unless the driver actuates the braking system or accelerates. In order to prevent rolling back on a slope it is known to configure the braking system to maintain pressure in the braking system until the powertrain provides sufficient tractive effort to accelerate the vehicle up the slope. This is commonly known as a ‘hill hold’ function and makes pull away on a hill more convenient for the driver. Even with the hill hold function the driver will have to apply more accelerator pedal to pull away on a steep slope than on a gentle slope. 
         [0005]    It is known that in order to pull away on a steep slope the driver will have to depress the accelerator pedal further than on a gentle slope in order to generate more engine torque and increase the available tractive effort. This is observed as a region of ‘dead’ travel where the pedal is moving but having no effect on the acceleration of the vehicle. 
         [0006]    It is an aim of the present invention to improve control of the powertrain during a hill start so the vehicle will behave in a more consistent manner whatever slope is encountered. The invention will increase the creep torque available as slope increases and reduce dead travel from the accelerator pedal. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    Aspects of the present invention relate to a method of controlling movement of a vehicle; a system including a controller; and a vehicle. 
         [0008]    According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for accelerating a vehicle from rest on a slope comprising: 
         [0009]    generating an offset value for an accelerator pedal position signal; combining the offset value with the accelerator pedal position signal to generate a virtual pedal position signal, and; 
         [0010]    controlling an engine of the vehicle to produce torque using the virtual pedal position signal. 
         [0011]    According to an aspect, there is provided a method comprising generating an accelerator pedal offset which is added to the physical accelerator pedal position to create a virtual pedal position for input into the engine torque control system. 
         [0012]    This then controls the engine in a conventional manner using the virtual pedal position in place of the physical accelerator pedal position. The advantage of this method is to increase the slope where the vehicle will creep without the driver needing to press the accelerator pedal. Because the pedal offset is a continuous function, it remains under the control of the driver at all times and reduces or removes the dead travel which would normally be present in the accelerator pedal. 
         [0013]    In an embodiment of the invention the accelerator pedal offset is generated by sensing the slope the vehicle is resting on. The slope angle is input into a map which provides an accelerator pedal offset value. The virtual pedal position is calculated by adding the offset to the physical pedal position. This benefits the driver by automatically adjusting the pedal offset making manoeuvring on a slope easier to undertake, particularly if moving slowly. 
         [0014]    In an embodiment of the invention the accelerator pedal offset is calculated in a closed loop manner by comparing vehicle acceleration with desired acceleration based on the accelerator pedal position. The difference is used to adjust the accelerator pedal offset and this offset is added to the physical pedal position to provide the virtual pedal position. This has the benefit of reducing the number of sensors required to calculate the accelerator pedal offset. In the event a wheel of the vehicle encounters a local obstacle such as a rock, this embodiment has the advantage that the accelerator pedal offset will be automatically increased to surmount the local obstacle. 
         [0015]    In an embodiment of the invention, the pedal offset based on the slope the vehicle is resting on is reduced as the vehicle speed increases. This enhances the pull away from rest and returns the accelerator pedal control to its conventional operation after the pull away phase has completed. 
         [0016]    In an embodiment of the invention, the pedal offset based on the slope the vehicle is resting on is increased as the vehicle speed reduces. This is enabled by the speed related function to activate as the vehicle slows on a slope without additional control. 
         [0017]    In an embodiment of the invention, the pedal offset may be removed when the brakes are applied. This allows the engine to return to idle when the vehicle is stationary or decelerating. The person skilled in the art will recognise that a brake switch or pressure signal may be used to activate this mode of operation. This method will allow provision of conventional engine braking to assist the operation of the vehicle foundation brakes. 
         [0018]    In an embodiment of the invention, the pedal offset is digitally filtered or blended to smooth the application and reduction of torque. The benefit of this embodiment is to prevent sudden torque transitions which would cause discomfort to driver or passengers. 
         [0019]    In an embodiment of the invention, signals from foundation and parking brake systems are transmitted across a vehicle network and received by a controller. These signals may include wheel speeds, longitudinal acceleration and vehicle body inclination. There is provided a method comprising the combination of these signals to provide an indication of the slope the vehicle is resting on, even in the case where the vehicle is accelerating or decelerating on the slope. For example, if the vehicle is stationary or moving at constant speed, the longitudinal accelerometer will provide an indication of the vehicle body angle and this may be equivalent to the hill slope. If the vehicle is accelerating, this can be detected as the rate of change of the wheel speed signals, and the value calculated subtracted from the accelerometer signal to calculate the slope. An inclinometer will generally only function correctly when the vehicle is stationary but this can be used to improve the accuracy of the inclination calculated from the accelerometer. The calculation of slope angle may also include use of a calibrated map relating the measured body angle with slope angle allowing for suspension and tyre compression. 
         [0020]    In an embodiment of the invention, the pedal offset may be calibrated to allow the vehicle to creep when the brakes are released. The creep speed achieved may be calibrated to reduce as the slope increases or may remain constant at any slope. Reducing creep speed with slope has the advantage of reducing the associated engine speed increase and providing feedback to the driver of a more difficult pull away condition. 
         [0021]    In an embodiment of the invention, the method may comprise a calculation of the vehicle mass. The pedal offset map may then consist of a 3 dimensional map based on mass and slope. This embodiment may be useful for vehicles with a large payload capacity or capable of towing heavy trailers. The mass calculation may commonly be achieved by comparison of the vehicle acceleration with the tractive force generated by the powertrain. This may then be averaged over a time period, or distance travelled, to negate the effect of slope. For example the average may be calculated over a time of 5 minutes or 10 km. 
         [0022]    In an embodiment of the invention, the method may comprise a function to respond to the vehicle acceleration in a closed loop manner. The vehicle mass estimate may then be updated to reflect the pull away behaviour as the vehicle pulls away. This provides the advantage that the vehicle response may be improved during the first pull away after connecting a trailer or loading the vehicle. A similar benefit may be experienced when disconnecting a trailer or unloading the vehicle. 
         [0023]    Within the scope of this application it is expressly envisaged that the various aspects, embodiments, examples and alternatives set out in the preceding paragraphs, in the claims and/or in the following description and drawings, and in particular the individual features thereof, may be taken independently or in any combination. Features described in connection with one embodiment are applicable to all embodiments, unless such features are incompatible. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0024]    One or more embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings; 
           [0025]      FIG. 1  shows a schematic representation of a vehicle situated on an inclined surface or slope; 
           [0026]      FIG. 2  shows a schematic representation of a system designed according to an embodiment of this invention for controlling the movement of the vehicle along an inclined surface. 
           [0027]      FIG. 3  shows a block diagram summarizing an example of the control method designed according to an embodiment of this invention. 
           [0028]      FIG. 4  shows a graph illustrating the torque produced in response to an accelerator position with the vehicle situated on two different slopes. 
           [0029]      FIG. 5  shows a graph illustrating torque applied over time as the vehicle pulls away on a slope. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0030]    A method of controlling a motor vehicle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is described herein with reference to the accompanying figures. 
         [0031]    With reference to  FIG. 1 , a vehicle  10  is shown on an inclined slope  11  which has a longitudinal slope angle  12  in relation to the direction of travel of the vehicle. For the purpose of this description, the vehicle starts at rest on the surface. Initially the vehicle is held on the slope by braking using the foundation brakes. When the driver releases the brake pedal a hill holding function provided by the brake system, as known in prior art, maintains the brake force and continues to hold the vehicle preventing it from rolling backward. In order for the vehicle to pull away forward up the slope a torque is applied to wheels  16 . As the wheel torque increases, the braking system receives an indication of this torque and releases the brakes as the wheel torque equals the torque required to hold the vehicle. As the wheel torque exceeds the torque required to hold the vehicle on the slope the vehicle will start to accelerate up the slope. A system in accordance with embodiments of the present invention may be calibrated to allow the vehicle to perform this pull away to a slow creep speed, such as 5 kph, without driver application of the accelerator pedal. The same methodology may apply if the park brake were used to hold the vehicle on the slope. 
         [0032]    With reference to  FIG. 2 , the powertrain  20  of the vehicle is shown in plan view. 
         [0033]    The engine  22  generates torque and drives the transmission  23 . The torque is transferred through the driveline  24  to the wheels and generates a tractive effort to move the vehicle. Controller  30  is operatively connected to the engine  22  and provides inputs to actuators on the engine to control the generation of torque. Methods of electronic control of an engine are well known and need not be described here. In accordance with aspects and/or embodiments of the present invention, the controller  30  receives input data regarding the accelerator pedal  32 , vehicle speed  34 , longitudinal inclination  36  and brakes  38 ; these are used to influence the generation of torque. The data  36  regarding the inclination of the vehicle on the slope is used to calculate a requirement for increased torque generation by the engine to allow the vehicle to creep up the slope without the driver pressing the accelerator. 
         [0034]    With reference to  FIG. 3 , the controller  30  incorporates software to implement the procedure as shown in the block diagram in addition to the conventional engine control software. In normal operation the accelerator pedal position signal  32  is sent to the engine torque control system  52  and the driver controls the engine torque in a conventional manner. In order to implement the invention described here an additional pedal offset signal is added at point  48  to offset the pedal signal which may request an increase in engine torque as if a larger driver pedal demand was present. The pedal offset signal is primarily calculated from the longitudinal inclination  36  using a pedal offset map  42 . For vehicles which may carry heavy loads or tow heavy trailers an additional axis may be added to this map to modify the offset signal dependant on train mass. As the vehicle moves away from rest and accelerates it is necessary for the pedal action to return to a conventional map and this is achieved by reference to the vehicle speed input  34  into the speed map  43 . This map provides a multiplier for the pedal offset applied at point  46 , typically varying from  1  when the vehicle is stationary to 0 when the vehicle speed reaches 10 mph. At speeds above 10 mph the 0 multiplier has the effect of nullifying any initial pedal offset due to inclination. It will be appreciated that 10 mph is a typical example speed but it will be apparent that the value and the associated map may be calibrated to suit a vehicle application or may vary dependant on which gear is engaged. In a similar process, the brake switch signal  38  is used to nullify the pedal offset when the brakes are applied. This is achieved by multiplying the pedal offset output from point  46  by the brake signal at point  47  where the brake signal is 0 when the brake is applied and 1 when it is released. This offset is then added to the measured pedal position at point  48 . Sudden changes in accelerator signal may cause uncomfortable reactions by the engine torque control system so the pedal offset signal may be filtered or blended to smooth these unwanted transitions. 
         [0035]    With reference to  FIG. 4 , a graph  60  is shown relating torque to the physical accelerator pedal position. This is indicative of embodiments and the skilled observer will understand that this is a simplified section through a map which also incorporates engine speed. A full map would consist of a torque surface in the Z (vertical) axis where the accelerator pedal position in the X axis and engine speed in the Y axis are input and the required engine torque is output. The shape of the map is also simplified to a line in order to illustrate the specific embodiment but the map is not restricted to a line. The normal operation is shown by line  64  which shows torque increasing as the accelerator is pressed. The operation of the control system when the vehicle is on a slope is shown in line  65  where the line  64  has been offset to provide higher torque at a given accelerator position. An example is where the accelerator pedal is released and point  62  moves up to point  63  when the vehicle is on a slope. The offset will have been calculated according to the block diagram shown in  FIG. 3 . The dead travel of the accelerator pedal as would be apparent in the prior art is shown by dashed line  67 . The torque required to hold the vehicle on the slope is to 1 , so conventional operation according to the prior art would require the pedal to be moved past position a 1  in order to pull away up the slope with the torque produced following line  64 . In accordance with aspects and/or embodiments of the invention, the torque response will follow line  65  so the accelerator is immediately active from 0 angle as soon as pressed by the driver. The offset between torque to 1  and point  63  is a creep torque offset provided to allow the vehicle to creep slowly up the slope without driver input. 
         [0036]    In an embodiment, upon driver release of a brake pedal, the offset to point  63  is immediately applied. Consequently, the engine of a vehicle will respond immediately (in practice, as quickly as it is able) to provide the torque correlating to the point  63  offset. During this short period of time controllers in the vehicle maintain braking force to prevent roll-back until the torque is at least equal to that required to hold the vehicle stationary, and then allow release. In an embodiment, the offset to point  63  is immediately applied upon a driver selection of a drive mode of a gearbox (for example, selection of ‘D’ as common in automotive applications). As such selection (especially from ‘Park’) normally requires the application of a brake pedal, the offset is then already applied as the driver releases the brake pedal. Creep speed in either of these embodiments is thus available immediately upon release of the brake pedal and any driver movement of accelerator pedal will then immediately result in a vehicle response with no ‘dead’ travel of the accelerator pedal. 
         [0037]    With reference to  FIG. 5 , a graph  70  shows the torque produced against time for a pull away event according to an embodiment of the invention. At time t 1  the brake pedal is released and the engine automatically starts to increase torque to point  72 . At this point the brake system equates the tractive effort with the slope resistance and releases the brakes. The torque continues to increase as shown by line  74  to point  76  at time t 2 . If the driver presses the accelerator pedal during this phase, the torque increases proportionally. This provides acceleration for the vehicle and it is allowed to increase speed. At time t 2  the torque starts to reduce (assuming a constant accelerator pedal position) based on the vehicle speed input dependant on map  43  so the multiplier at point  46  has become 0 and it now follows line  77 . When the vehicle reaches time t 3  the pedal offset is removed by map  43  and engine torque follows the accelerator pedal demand as shown by line  78 . 
         [0038]    It will be appreciated that various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the present application.