Abstract:
The present invention relates to a wireless local loop. In particular, the present invention relates to a procedure for limiting the mobility area of a terminal device in a wireless local loop environment. According to the invention, the mobility area (MOA) for the terminal device ( 5 ) is defined as a specified geographic area comprising the coverage area of at least one cell ( 4 ), and the locking of the terminal device with the local loop and/or channel change by the terminal device is inhibited if the cell from which the terminal device is trying to get locked or to whose channel it is trying to change is outside the mobility area.

Description:
“This application is a continuation of international application number PCT/FI97/00467, filed Aug. 6, 1997, pending.” 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a wireless local loop. In particular, the present invention relates to a procedure for limiting the mobility or usability of a terminal device in a wireless local loop environment, as defined in the preamble of claim  1 . 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     In a wireless local loop (WLL), a terminal device is connected via a radio link to an access node. Between the terminal device and the access node there is a base station, by means of which the call signals received via radiocommunication from the terminal device are further transmitted through the access node to the public telephone network and vice versa. The access node is connected to the telephone exchange using the V 5 . 2  protocol. The mobility area (MOA) of a terminal device is a geographic area within which the terminal device may be connected to a wireless local loop and outside which the terminal device cannot be connected to the local loop. The mobility area defines the mobility area of a terminal device within the wireless network comprised by an access node. Mobility of a terminal device between the access nodes of a WLL operator is inhibited because subscriber information is only defined in a single access node. A terminal device cannot be locked with a public GSM network because the WLL operator has its own network identifier and no roaming agreement with GSM operators. 
     Open interfaces (V 5 . 1  and V 5 . 2 ) between an access node and a telephone exchange are defined in the ETSI (European Telecommunications and Standards Institute) standards of the ETS 300 324 and ETS 300 347 series. V 5  interfaces enable subscribers belonging to a physically separate local loop to be connected using the standard interface of a telephone exchange. A dynamic concentrator interface V 5 . 2  consistent with the standards ETS 300 347-1 and 347-2 consists of one or more (1-16) PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) cables. One PCM cable comprises a total of 32 channels, each of which with a transfer rate of 64 kbit/s, i.e. 2048 kbit/s in all. The V 5 . 2  interface supports analogue telephones as used in the public telephone network, digital subscriptions, such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) basic and system subscriptions as well as other analogue or digital terminal equipment based on semi-fixed connections. 
     There are prior-art wireless telephone networks, an example of which is the digital GSM mobile telephone network, in which voice or sound signals or other corresponding data are transmitted using systems based on the ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) technology. In the GSM mobile telephone system, a terminal device may work in the entire area of the network, i.e. the terminal device may get locked, perform channel changes and other actions in the area of any cell. However, in a wireless local loop environment, a desired feature is the ability to accurately determine, e.g. via actions by the network operator, the area in which a mobile terminal device connected to the system via a wireless link can be used. A problem with prior-art networks is that the mobility area cannot be delimited. A further problem is that current systems provide no means for delimiting the mobility area for each individual terminal device. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to eliminate the problems described above. A specific object of the present invention is to present a wireless local loop system in which a new radio network level has been defined. A further object of the present invention is to produce a procedure for controlling a wireless local loop in a way that allows the mobility area for each terminal device to be accurately defined. 
     In the procedure of the present invention for limiting the mobility area of a terminal device in a wireless local loop environment, which comprises an access node connected to a telephone exchange and a base station having a coverage area comprising one or more cells and used to transmit call signals between the access node and the terminal device, according to the invention, the mobility area for the terminal device is defined as a specified geographic area comprising the coverage area of at least one cell and, further according to the invention, locking with the local loop and/or channel change by the terminal device is inhibited if the cell with which the terminal device is attempting to get locked/to whose channel it is trying to change is outside the mobility area. The cell to whose channel the terminal device is trying to change is called the target cell. The connection between the access node and the telephone exchange, which is an access node V 5  interface consistent with the V 5  standard, is preferably implemented using signalling consistent with the V 5  standard. 
     Further, in a preferred embodiment, at the wireless network level, a specified geographic area is defined as the location area (LA), which corresponds to the coverage area of one cell, and the location area is assigned an individual identification code. Thus, since the location area always contains only one cell, accurate information is obtained as to the cell from which the terminal device is trying to get locked with the network or the cells from/to which it is trying to change channels. Further, the mobility area preferably comprises one or more location areas. Therefore, the mobility area is a new wireless network level, consisting of location areas. 
     In conjunction with the definition of the mobility area, data identifying the location areas comprised in the mobility area are stored in a register corresponding to the terminal device. In this way, the operator can create for each terminal device belonging to the system a unique mobility area which is independent of other terminal devices or their mobility areas. 
     Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when a terminal device is being initialized, the cell data for the location area of the terminal device are compared with the cell data stored in the register corresponding to the terminal device and, if the cell data for the location area are inconsistent with the cell data stored in the register corresponding to the terminal device, the initialization of the terminal device is terminated and the cell data for the location area are stored in an inhibition cell register in the terminal device. In this context, initialization refers to the initial actions performed by the terminal device at switch-on to establish connection with the base station and determine the parameters needed for the connection. Correspondingly, when the terminal device is initializing a channel change, the cell data for the target cell to which a channel change is being attempted are compared with the cell data in the register corresponding to the terminal device and, if the cell data for the target cell are inconsistent with the cell data in the register corresponding to the terminal device, the channel change to the target cell, initialized by the terminal device, is inhibited and the cell data for the target cell are stored in an inhibition cell register in the terminal device. Storing the cell data for the inhibition cells in an inhibition cell register in the terminal device has a significant effect towards reducing the number of initialization and channel change signals transmitted in the system. 
     Further, in conjunction with the initialization of the terminal device, the cell data for the location area of the terminal device are compared with the inhibition cell register in the terminal device and, if the location area cell data correspond to the cell data in the inhibition cell register, initialization of the terminal device is terminated. A corresponding comparison is performed in conjunction with a channel change initialized by the terminal device and, if the cell data for the target cell correspond to the cell data in the inhibition cell register, no channel change is attempted. 
     The mobility area of a terminal device is preferably defined in conjunction with the initialization of the wireless local loop. It is also possible to define the terminal device mobility area when the terminal device is entered as a subscriber to the access node of the wireless local loop or when the service package for the terminal device is changed. 
     As compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that it makes it possible to define terminal device specific mobility areas in a wireless local loop environment. A further advantage of the present invention is that it provides means to avoid the transmission of unnecessary initialization messages by making use of a previously stored and continuously updated inhibition cell register. Another advantage of the present invention is that the operator can effectively control the use of the network and distribute network capacity by means of mobility areas. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In the following, the invention is described by the aid of embodiment examples by referring to the attached drawing, in which 
     FIG. 1 is diagrammatic representation of a preferred wireless local loop environment according to the present invention; and 
     FIGS. 2 a - 2   b  present flow diagrams representing a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The wireless local loop system presented in FIG. 1 comprises an access node  1 . The access node  1  functions as a concentrating element between a telephone exchange  2  and a terminal device  5 , connecting the subscriber to the telephone exchange  2 . The access node  1  is connected via a V 5 . 2  interface  6 , which comprises 1-16 PCM cables (2 Mbit/s), to the exchange terminal (ET) of the telephone exchange  2 , the terminal exchange being provided with the functions required by the V 5  interface. Moreover, the system illustrated by FIG. 1 comprises a number of base stations  3   a ,  3   b  and  3   c , with a cell  4   a ,  4   b  and  4   c  corresponding to each base station, respectively. According to the invention, one cell is defined as a location area (LA). The location area is an area within which the terminal device may move freely without location updating. The terminal device  5  communicates with the base station  3   a  and further with the access node  1  via a radio link. This radio link can be maintained from location area LA 1 , i.e. from the area of cell  4   a . If the mobile terminal device  5  enters a new location area LA 2  or the area of cell  4   b , a channel change procedure has to be performed, whereupon the link between the terminal device and the access node  1  is maintained via base station  3   b.    
     FIG. 1 also presents an example of mobility areas MOA 1 , MOA 2  and MOA 3  (delimited with broken lines). In this example, mobility area MOA 3  comprises only one location area LA 1  or cell  4   a . Mobility area MOA 2  comprises two location areas LA 2 , LA 3  or cells  4   b  and  4   c . Further, mobility area MOAL comprises three location areas LA 1 , LA 2  and LA 3  or cells  4   a ,  4   b  and  4   c . It should be noted that this is only an example of mobility area division and that different location area combinations can be used to form different mobility areas from the three location areas LA 1 , LA 2 , LA 3  presented in the drawing. In the access node  1 , mobility area control is effected using MML (Man Machine Language) commands. Data relating to the mobility areas of terminal devices are preferably stored in the access node  1 . 
     Referring to FIGS. 1,  2   a  and  2   b , two preferred embodiments of the procedure of the present invention will now be described. FIG. 2 a  presents a block diagram representing a preferred example of the procedure executed during the initialization of a terminal device  5 . First, the terminal device  5 , which is located in location area LA 1 , is switched on, block  21 , and the location update procedure is started, block  22 . Since location area LA 1  comprises only one cell  4   a , the cell from which the terminal device is trying to get locked with the network is known. Preferably the terminal device  5  only sends the location area data during the update procedure. In logic block  23 , the cell data for location area LA 1  are compared with the inhibition cell data stored in the terminal device, and if the cell data for location area  4   a  have been stored in the terminal device, control is passed to block  24  and the initialization procedure is terminated. Thus, the terminal device has previously attempted to get locked with the system from location area LA 1  or tried to change to the channel of area LA 1 . If the inhibition cell register does not contain the cell data for location area LA 1 , control is passed to logic block  25 , where the cell data for location area LA 1  are compared with the cell data for the mobility area of the terminal device  5 , which are stored in the access node  1 . If the mobility area defined for the terminal device  5  is MOA 3  or MOA 1 , in which case the cell data have been stored in the access node, then control is passed to block  27  and the procedure is continued in the normal manner. On the other hand, if the mobility area defined for the terminal device  5  is MOA 2 , in which case the cell data have not been stored in the access node, then control is passed to block  26  and the locking of the terminal device with the system is inhibited. Further, in block  28  the cell data for location area LA 1  are stored in the memory of the terminal device or on the SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card of the terminal device for later use. 
     FIG. 2 b  presents a corresponding example of a preferred channel change procedure according to the invention. In this example, the terminal device is moving from location area LA 1  to a new location area LA 2 , which comprises the coverage area of base station  3   b  in cell  4   b , and the terminal device must execute the channel change procedure. The action for channel change starts from block  31  and proceeds to block  32 , where the cell data for the target cell  4   b  are received. In logic block  33 , the cell data for the target cell  4   b  are compared with the inhibition cell data stored in the terminal device  5  and, if the cell data for the target cell have been stored in the terminal device, control is passed to block  34  and initialization is terminated. In this case, the terminal device  5  has previously attempted to get locked with the system from location area LA 2  or to change to the channel of area LA 2 . If the inhibition cell register contains no cell data for the target cell  4   b , then control is passed to logic block  35 , where the cell data for the target cell  4   b  are compared with the cell data for the mobility area of the terminal device  5 , stored in the access node  1 . If the mobility area defined for the terminal device  5  is MOA 2  or MOA 1 , then the procedure is continued from block  37  in the normal manner. On the other hand, if the mobility area defined for the terminal device  5  is MOA 3 , then control is passed to block  36  and locking of the terminal device with the system is inhibited. In block  38 , the cell data for the target cell  4   b  are stored in the memory of the terminal device. 
     The above examples are only presented in a wireless local loop environment, but as is obvious to the person skilled in the art, the invention can be applied to several different wireless data communication systems employing a cellular network. 
     The invention is not restricted to the examples of its embodiments described above, but many variations are possible within the framework of the inventive idea defined by the claims.