Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to a sensor network, machine type communication (MTC), machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, and technology for interne of things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the above technologies, such as smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars, connected cars, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. A method for performing a pairing process in a wireless device in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting a signal including an encryption key to a terminal, receiving an authentication success message which is encrypted based on the encryption key from the terminal, and performing the pairing process with a coordinator based on the encryption key.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) of a Korean patent application filed on Oct. 7, 2014 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office and assigned Serial number 10-2014-0134907, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
       TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for performing a pairing process in a wireless communication system. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    The Internet, which is a human centered connectivity network where humans generate and consume information, is now evolving to the internet of things (IoT) where distributed entities, such as things, exchange and process information without human intervention. The internet of everything (IoE), which is a combination of the IoT technology and the big data processing technology through connection with a cloud server, has emerged. As technology elements, such as “detecting technology”, “wired/wireless communication and network infrastructure”, “service interface technology”, and “security technology” have been demanded for IoT implementation, a sensor network, a machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine type communication (MTC), and the like, have been recently researched. 
         [0004]    Such an IoT environment may provide intelligent Internet technology services that create a new value to human life by collecting and analyzing data generated among connected things. IoT may be applied to a variety of fields including smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, smart grids, health care, smart appliances, advanced medical services, and the like, through convergence and combination between existing information technology (IT) and various industrial applications. 
         [0005]    Recently, an IoT which denotes an intelligent technology and service in which all things are connected based on an internet thereby information among humans and things, and among things are communicated has been widely used. A wireless device which is based on the IoT is generally connected to an open network. 
         [0006]    However, a network pairing scheme and an encryption/authentication scheme under an open network environment have not been proposed up to now. Accordingly, security issues may occur in use of the wireless device. 
         [0007]    Meanwhile, an authentication key and an encryption key of a wireless device which does not include a display unit are preset in the wireless device. This is why it is difficult to confirm that the authentication key and the encryption key are correctly input if the display unit is not included in the wireless device. As a result, difficulties for device authentication may occur. Accordingly, a preset authentication key and encryption key are used for an authentication process of the wireless device by considering an issue of inputting a key and compatibility among devices which perform authentication. 
         [0008]    However, it is difficult to update the preset authentication key and encryption key, and an issue may occur in security of the wireless device if the preset authentication key and encryption key are exposed. Further, the wireless device has a limitation that the wireless device may communicate with only a device which may be authenticated based on the preset authentication key and encryption key. 
         [0009]    Therefore, a need exists for a method and an apparatus for performing a pairing process in a wireless communication system. 
         [0010]    The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the present disclosure. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0011]    Aspects of the present disclosure are to address at least the above-mentioned problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below. Accordingly, an aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method and an apparatus for performing a pairing process in a wireless communication system. 
         [0012]    Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method and an apparatus for performing a pairing process thereby performing authentication for a wireless device using a terminal including a display unit. 
         [0013]    Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method and an apparatus for performing a pairing process for a wireless device which is authenticated through a terminal. 
         [0014]    Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method and an apparatus for performing a pairing process thereby decreasing power consumption of a wireless device due to the pairing process. 
         [0015]    Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method and an apparatus for performing a pairing process thereby it is possible to use a unified pairing scheme for wireless devices of which connection schemes are different. In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method for performing a pairing process in a wireless device in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting a signal including an encryption key to a terminal, receiving an authentication success message which is encrypted based on the encryption key from the terminal, and performing the pairing process with a coordinator based on the encryption key, wherein the authentication success message is received if an authentication for the wireless device is successful based on a received signal strength of the signal including the encryption key which is measured at the terminal, and wherein the encryption key is transmitted from the terminal to the coordinator if the authentication for the wireless device is successful. 
         [0016]    In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for performing a pairing process in a coordinator in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting a message indicating that a terminal which is adjacent to the coordinator is authorized to perform authentication for a wireless device to the terminal, transmitting a message which requests authentication for the wireless device to the terminal upon receiving a pairing request message from the wireless device, and performing the pairing process with the wireless device using a first encryption key upon receiving an authentication success message and the first encryption key from the terminal. 
         [0017]    In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for performing authentication for a wireless device in a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving a message indicating that the terminal is authorized to perform authentication for the wireless device from a coordinator for a network access of the wireless device, receiving a signal including a first encryption key from the terminal upon receiving a message which requests the authentication for the wireless device from the coordinator, transmitting the first encryption key and an authentication success message indicating that the authentication for the wireless device is successful to the coordinator if the authentication for the wireless device is successful based on a received signal strength of the signal including the first encryption key, and transmitting the authentication success message which is encrypted based on the first encryption key to the terminal. 
         [0018]    In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless device in a wireless communication system is provided. The wireless device includes a transmitter configured to transmit a signal including an encryption key to a terminal, a receiver configured to receive an authentication success message which is encrypted based on the encryption key from the terminal, and a controller configured to perform a pairing process with a coordinator based on the encryption key, wherein the authentication success message is received if an authentication for the wireless device is successful based on a received signal strength of the signal including the encryption key which is measured at the terminal, and wherein the encryption key is transmitted from the terminal to the coordinator if the authentication for the wireless device is successful. 
         [0019]    In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a coordinator in a wireless communication system is provided. The coordinator includes a transceiver configured to transmit a message indicating that a terminal which is adjacent to the coordinator is authorized to perform authentication for a wireless device to the terminal, and transmit a message which requests authentication for the wireless device to the terminal upon receiving a pairing request message from the wireless device, and a controller configured to perform a pairing process with the wireless device using a first encryption key if an authentication success message and the first encryption key are received from the terminal. 
         [0020]    In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The terminal includes a receiver configured to receive a message indicating that the terminal is authorized to perform authentication for the wireless device from a coordinator for a network access of the wireless device, and receive a signal including a first encryption key from the terminal upon receiving a message which requests the authentication for the wireless device from the coordinator, and a transmitter configured to transmit the first encryption key and an authentication success message indicating that the authentication for the wireless device is successful to the coordinator if the authentication for the wireless device is successful based on a received signal strength of the signal including the first encryption key, and transmit the authentication success message which is encrypted based on the first encryption key to the terminal. 
         [0021]    Other aspects, advantages, and salient features of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses various embodiments of the present disclosure. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0022]    The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0023]      FIG. 1  schematically illustrates a structure of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0024]      FIG. 2  is a flow diagram illustrating a process in which a terminal is registered in a coordinator in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0025]      FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating a process of performing a pairing process between a coordinator and a wireless device through a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0026]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating a process for performing a pairing agent function in a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0027]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a process in which a coordinator authorizes a pairing agent function to a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0028]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating a process for performing a paring process with a wireless device in a coordinator in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0029]      FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating a process for performing a paring agent function in a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0030]      FIG. 8  is a flowchart illustrating a process for performing paring for a coordinator through a terminal in a wireless device in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
           [0031]      FIG. 9  schematically illustrates an inner structure of each of a coordinator, a terminal, and a wireless device in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
       [0032]    Throughout the drawings, it should be noted that like reference numbers are used to depict the same or similar elements, features, and structures. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0033]    The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of various embodiments of the present disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the various embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness. 
         [0034]    The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but, are merely used by the inventor to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of various embodiments of the present disclosure is provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. 
         [0035]    It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a component surface” includes reference to one or more of such surfaces. 
         [0036]    By the term “substantially” it is meant that the recited characteristic, parameter, or value need not be achieved exactly, but that deviations or variations, including for example, tolerances, measurement error, measurement accuracy limitations and other factors known to those of skill in the art, may occur in amounts that do not preclude the effect the characteristic was intended to provide. 
         [0037]    Although ordinal numbers, such as “first,” “second,” and the like, will be used to describe various components, those components are not limited herein. The terms are used only for distinguishing one component from another component. For example, a first component may be referred to as a second component and likewise, a second component may also be referred to as a first component, without departing from the teaching of the inventive concept. The term “and/or” used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
         [0038]    The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing various embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “has,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of a stated feature, number, operation, component, element, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, operations, components, elements, or combinations thereof. 
         [0039]    The terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meanings as terms that are generally understood by those skilled in the art, as long as the terms are not differently defined. It should be understood that terms defined in a generally-used dictionary have meanings coinciding with those of terms in the related technology. 
         [0040]    According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an electronic device may include communication functionality. For example, an electronic device may be a smart phone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a mobile phone, a video phone, an e-book reader, a desktop PC, a laptop PC, a netbook PC, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a Moving Picture Experts Group phase 1 or phase 2 (MPEG-1 or MPEG-2) audio layer 3 (MP3) player, a mobile medical device, a camera, a wearable device (e.g., a head-mounted device (HMD), electronic clothes, electronic braces, an electronic necklace, an electronic appcessory, an electronic tattoo, or a smart watch), and the like. 
         [0041]    According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an electronic device may be a smart home appliance with communication functionality. A smart home appliance may be, for example, a television (TV), a digital video disc (DVD) player, an audio, a refrigerator, an air conditioner, a vacuum cleaner, an oven, a microwave oven, a washer, a dryer, an air purifier, a set-top box, a TV box (e.g., Samsung HomeSync™, Apple TV™, or Google TV™), a gaming console, an electronic dictionary, an electronic key, a camcorder, an electronic picture frame, and the like. 
         [0042]    According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an electronic device may be a medical device (e.g., a magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) device, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device, a computed tomography (CT) device, an imaging device, an ultrasonic device, and the like), a navigation device, a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, an event data recorder (EDR), a flight data recorder (FDR), an automotive information device, a naval electronic device (e.g., a naval navigation device, a gyroscope, a compass, and the like), an avionic electronic device, a security device, an industrial or consumer robot, and the like. 
         [0043]    According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an electronic device may be furniture, part of a building/structure, an electronic board, electronic signature receiving device, a projector, various measuring devices (e.g., water, electricity, gas or electro-magnetic wave measuring devices), and the like that include communication functionality. 
         [0044]    According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an electronic device may be any combination of the foregoing devices. In addition, it will be apparent to one having ordinary skill in the art that an electronic device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to the foregoing devices. 
         [0045]    An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for encoding/decoding data in a wireless communication system supporting a non-binary channel code. 
         [0046]    An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for encoding/decoding data thereby supporting various modulation schemes in a wireless communication system supporting a non-binary channel code. 
         [0047]    An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for encoding/decoding data thereby generating a modulation symbol based on a Galois field element value of a non-binary channel code and a modulation order in a wireless communication system supporting a non-binary channel code. 
         [0048]    An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for encoding/decoding data thereby supporting adaptive modulation and encoding using one non-binary channel code in a wireless communication system supporting a non-binary channel code. 
         [0049]    An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for mapping a code symbol on a modulation symbol thereby minimizing the number of modulation symbols generated from a plurality of code symbols in a wireless communication system supporting a non-binary channel code. 
         [0050]    An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for encoding/decoding data thereby providing a signal constellation for bits included in a modulation symbol generated from a plurality of code symbols in a wireless communication system supporting a non-binary channel code. 
         [0051]    An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for encoding/decoding data thereby demodulating a received symbol with a low complexity in a signal receiving apparatus in a wireless communication system supporting a non-binary channel code. 
         [0052]    An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for determining a probability value for a received symbol which corresponds to a modulation symbol generated from a plurality of code symbols in a wireless communication system supporting a non-binary channel code. 
         [0053]    A method and an apparatus proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to various communication systems, such as a digital video broadcasting system, such as a mobile broadcasting service, such as a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) service, a digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVP-H) service, an advanced TV systems committee-mobile/handheld (ATSC-M/H) service, and the like, and an interne protocol TV (IPTV) service, a MPEG media transport (MMT) system, an evolved packet system (EPS), a long term evolution (LTE) mobile communication system, an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) mobile communication system, a high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) mobile communication system, a high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) mobile communication system, a high rate packet data (HRPD) mobile communication system proposed in a 3rd generation project partnership 2 (3GPP2), a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) mobile communication system proposed in the 3GPP2, a CDMA mobile communication system proposed in the 3GPP2, an institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) mobile communication system, a mobile IP (Mobile IP) system, and the like 
         [0054]    According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, for example, a terminal may be an electronic device including a display unit. 
         [0055]    Sensor connectivity schemes which may be used in a wireless sensor network (WSN), such as a zigbee scheme, a Z-wave scheme, a Bluetooth (BT) scheme, and the like, use different pairing schemes and encryption key sharing schemes. 
         [0056]    In a case that the zigbee scheme is used, a wireless device and a coordinator as an apparatus for a network access, such as a gateway, a sensor-hub, and the like, use a pairing scheme which is based on button input and a preset encryption key. In an environment in which the zigbee scheme is used, the preset encryption key is fixedly used, so a wireless device which the zigbee scheme is closed, and it is difficult that the wireless device interworks with other device. 
         [0057]    In a case that the Z-wave scheme is used, the wireless device and the coordinator use a pairing scheme which is based on low power-signal transmission/reception, and an authentication which is based on whether the wireless device is located within a preset distance from the coordinator. Here, an encryption key is shared between the wireless device and the coordinator while the pairing scheme is used. However, in an environment that the Z-wave scheme is used, if remaining battery charge is less than preset threshold battery charge, it is difficult that the paring scheme is used even though the wireless device is located within the preset distance from the coordinator. 
         [0058]    In a case that the BT scheme is used, a paring scheme which is based on transmission/reception for a request message and an accept message and an authentication scheme in which request confirmation is performed are used between wireless devices. Further, an encryption key is used between the wireless devices while the pairing scheme is used. However, in an environment that the BT scheme is used, the paring scheme is performed in a manner of being displayed on a display unit, so it is difficult that the paring scheme is performed if a display unit is not included in each of the wireless devices. 
         [0059]    As described above, a paring scheme, an authentication scheme, an encryption key sharing scheme, and the like, are different according to which sensor connectivity scheme is used. As a result, various issues may occur. 
         [0060]    Accordingly, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a method and an apparatus for performing a pairing process thereby a paring scheme, an authentication scheme, and an encryption key sharing scheme which may be commonly applied to various sensor connectivity schemes are used, and an authentication process is performed in a wireless device which does not include a display unit. 
         [0061]    Further, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a method and an apparatus for performing a pairing process thereby an open authentication scheme and an open encryption scheme are used for a communication with other new device, and power consumption due to the paring process is decreased. 
         [0062]    A structure of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will described with reference to  FIG. 1 . 
         [0063]      FIG. 1  schematically illustrates a structure of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0064]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , the wireless communication system includes a coordinator  100 , a terminal  110 , and a wireless device  120 . 
         [0065]    Upon detecting that the wireless device  120  is authenticated through the terminal  110 , the coordinator  100  performs a pairing process with the wireless device  120  thereby the wireless device  120  is connected to a network. For example, the network may include a WSN, and the like. 
         [0066]    The terminal  110  denotes a device including a display unit, such as a mobile communication terminal, a notebook computer, and the like. The terminal  110  performs a paring process with the coordinator  100 , and performs a function of an agent which performs an authentication process and a pairing process for the wireless device  120 . 
         [0067]    The wireless device  120  denotes a device which accesses a network through the coordinator  100  to perform a communication. For example, if the network is a WSN, the wireless device  120  may be a sensor device. The wireless device  120  performs a pairing process with the coordinator  100  through the terminal  110 . 
         [0068]    A method and an apparatus for paring the coordinator  100  and the wireless device  120  through the terminal  110  in the wireless communication system will be described below. 
         [0069]    A process in which a terminal is registered in a coordinator in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will described with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
         [0070]      FIG. 2  is a flow diagram illustrating a process in which a terminal is registered in a coordinator in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0071]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , the wireless communication system includes the coordinator  100  and the terminal  110 . 
         [0072]    Firstly, a button signal which corresponds to a preset button for starting a pairing process included in the coordinator  100  may be detected at operation  200 . The button may be one of a physical button included in an outside of the coordinator  100 , a soft key which is displayed on a display unit of the coordinator  100 , and the like. 
         [0073]    Upon detecting the button signal of the coordinator  100 , the terminal  110  approaches adjacent location which is within a preset distance from location at which the coordinator  100  is located at operation  202 . In  FIG. 2 , it will be assumed that the preset distance is 1 meter. However, the preset distance may be changed. 
         [0074]    If the terminal  110  is within  1 m from the coordinator  100 , the terminal  110  adjusts transmit power of the terminal  110  thereby the transmit power is less than preset power at operation  204 . The terminal  110  transmits a beacon signal including a first encryption key using the adjusted transmit power at operation  206 . Unlike a general beacon signal, the beacon signal is a beacon signal which may be received within the preset distance, and used for transferring the first encryption key. For example, the first encryption key may be a symmetric key which is used in a channel for a communication between the terminal  110  and the coordinator  100 , and the like. 
         [0075]    Upon receiving the beacon signal, the coordinator  100  measures received signal strength of the received beacon signal and calculates a distance between the coordinator  100  and the terminal  110  based on the received signal strength at operation  208 . Here, the received signal strength may be expressed using various parameters, and the various parameters includes a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), received signal code power (RSCP), reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a carrier-to-interference noise ratio (CINR), a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a block error rate (BLER), and the like. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, it will be assumed that the received signal strength is an RSSI. 
         [0076]    For example, a distance between the coordinator  100  and the terminal  110  may be calculated using Equation 1. 
         [0000]      propagation loss=20×log10(4 πd /λ)dBm→ A ×log10( d )   Equation 1
 
         [0077]    In Equation 1, d denotes a distance between the coordinator  100  and the terminal  110 , and A denotes a constant which is determined according to a wireless communication environment and a used frequency band. 
         [0078]    Meanwhile, path loss L and the distance between the coordinator  100  and the terminal  110  d may be determined as expressed in Equation 2 and Equation 3, respectively. 
         [0000]        L=A ×log 10 ( d )+ B  dBm+ C  dBm   Equation 2
 
         [0079]    In Equation 2, C denotes the RSSI. 
         [0000]        d =(λ/4π) (10L/20)   =c /(4 πf )×10 (L/20)    Equation 3
 
         [0080]    Upon detecting that the distance between the coordinator  100  and the terminal  110  is less than 1 meter, the coordinator  100  determines that authentication for the terminal  110  is successful at operation  210 . The coordinator  100  transmits an authentication success message indication that the authentication for the terminal  110  is successful to the terminal  110  at operation  212 . At this time, the coordinator  100  transmits the authentication success message to the terminal  110  using transmit power which is less than preset transmit power. 
         [0081]    Upon receiving the authentication success message, the terminal  110  changes transmit power of the terminal  110  to previous transmit power at operation  214 . For example, the terminal  110  adjusts transmit power thereby the transmit power of the terminal  110  is transmit power which is used on performing a general communication. The terminal  110  generates an encryption channel with the coordinator  100  based on the first encryption key, and completes a pairing operation with the coordinator  100  at operation  216 . 
         [0082]    After the pairing operation is completed, the terminal  110  transmits, to the coordinator  100 , a request message for requesting the terminal  110  to perform a function of a pairing agent which performs a pairing operation with the coordinator  100  instead of a wireless device  120  (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) at operation  218 . The coordinator  100  transmits a response message which authorizes the terminal  110  to perform the function of the pairing agent in response to the request message at operation  220 . 
         [0083]    Although  FIG. 2  illustrates a process in which a terminal is registered in a coordinator in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, various changes could be made to  FIG. 2 . For example, although shown as a series of operations, various operations in  FIG. 2  could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur multiple times. 
         [0084]    A process in which a terminal is registered in a coordinator in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has been described with reference to  FIG. 2 , and a process of performing a pairing process between a coordinator and a wireless device through a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will described with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
         [0085]      FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating a process of performing a pairing process between a coordinator and a wireless device through a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0086]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , it will be assumed that a process of performing a pairing process between a coordinator and a wireless device in  FIG. 3  is a process of performing a pairing process between the coordinator  100  and the wireless device  120  through the terminal  110  which performs a pairing agent function. 
         [0087]    The wireless communication system includes the coordinator  100 , the terminal  110 , and the wireless device  120 . 
         [0088]    Firstly, a button signal which corresponds to a preset button for starting a pairing process included in the wireless device  120  may be detected at operation  300 . The button may be one of a physical button included in an outside of the wireless device  120 , and the like. 
         [0089]    A button signal which corresponds to a preset button for starting a pairing process included in the coordinator  100  may be detected at operation  302 . The button may be one of a physical button included in an outside of the coordinator  100 , a soft key which is displayed on a display unit of the coordinator  100 , and the like. The operations  300  and  302  may be performed at the same time, or in a different order. 
         [0090]    The wireless device  120  transmits a pairing request message to the coordinator  100  at operation  304 . At this time, the wireless device  120  may the pairing request message to the coordinator  100  using transmit power which is set for a general wireless communication. 
         [0091]    Upon receiving the pairing request message, the coordinator  100  transmits a message which requests the terminal  110  to determine whether the wireless device  120  is an authenticated wireless device to the terminal  110  at operation  306 . Upon receiving the message which requests the terminal  110  to determine whether the wireless device  120  is the authenticated wireless device, the terminal  110  determines to start authentication for the wireless device  120  at operation  308 . Here, the terminal  110  may determine to start the authentication for the wireless device  120  as soon as the terminal  110  receives the message which requests the terminal  110  to determine whether the wireless device  120  is the authenticated wireless device, or determine to start the authentication for the wireless device  120  according to an additional event, such as detection of a key signal, and the like. 
         [0092]    The terminal  110  approaches adjacent location which is within a preset distance from the wireless device  120  for authentication for the wireless device  120  at operation  310 . In  FIG. 3 , the preset distance is 1 meter, however, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the preset distance may be changed. 
         [0093]    The wireless device  120  adjusts transmit power of the wireless device  120  thereby the wireless device  120  has power which is lower than preset power at operation  312 . The wireless device  120  transmits a beacon signal including a second encryption key using the adjusted transmit power at operation  314 . Unlike a general beacon signal, the beacon signal may be received within the preset distance and is used for transferring the second encryption key. For example, the second encryption key may be a symmetric key which is used in a channel for a communication between the terminal  110  and the wireless device  120 , and the like. 
         [0094]    Upon receiving the beacon signal, the terminal  110  measures received signal strength, e.g., an RSSI of the beacon signal, and calculates a distance between the terminal  110  and the wireless device  120  at operation  316 . For example, the distance between the terminal  110  and the wireless device  120  may be calculated using Equation 1. 
         [0095]    Upon detecting that the distance between the terminal  110  and the wireless device  120  is less than 1 meter, the terminal  110  determines that the authentication for the wireless device  120  is successful at operation  318 . The terminal  110  transmits an authentication success message indicating that the authentication is successful and the second encryption key to the coordinator  100  at operation  320 . Here, the terminal  110  may encrypt the authentication success message and the second encryption key based on a first encryption key which is acquired from a process in which a terminal is registered in a coordinator as described in  FIG. 2  to the encrypted authentication success message and second encryption key to the coordinator  100 . 
         [0096]    The terminal  110  transmits an authentication success message which is encrypted based on the second encryption key to the wireless device  120  at operation  322 . At this time, the terminal  110  is adjacent to the wireless device  120 , so the terminal  110  transmits the authentication success message to the wireless device  120  using transmit power which is lower than preset transmit power. 
         [0097]    Upon receiving the authentication success message, the wireless device  120  changes transmit power of the wireless device  120  to the transmit power before the adjustment at operation  324 . The wireless device  120  completes a pairing operation with the coordinator  100  by receiving a second encryption key to be used on an encryption channel with the coordinator  100  at operation  326 . 
         [0098]    Although  FIG. 3  illustrates a process of performing a pairing process between a coordinator and a wireless device through a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, various changes could be made to  FIG. 3 . For example, although shown as a series of operations, various operations in  FIG. 3  could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur multiple times. 
         [0099]    A process of performing a pairing process between a coordinator and a wireless device through a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has been described with reference to  FIG. 3 , and a process for performing a pairing agent function in a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will described with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
         [0100]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating a process for performing a pairing agent function in a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0101]    Referring to  FIG. 4 , the terminal  110  detects that the terminal  110  approaches location which is adjacent to a coordinator  100  at operation  400 . Here, the location which is adjacent to the coordinator  100  denotes location at which a distance between the terminal  110  and the coordinator  100  is less than a preset distance. The terminal  110  decreases transmit power which is currently set by preset power, and transmits a beacon signal including a first encryption key using the decreased transmit power at operation  402 . The beacon signal is used for authentication for the terminal  110  in the coordinator  100 . 
         [0102]    The terminal  110  determines whether an authentication success message is received from the coordinator  100  at operation  404 . If the authentication success message is received from the coordinator  100 , the terminal  110  increases the transmit power to previous transmit power, and generates an encryption key with the coordinator  100  based on the first encryption key at operation  406 . 
         [0103]    The terminal  110  transmits a request message for requesting a qualification for performing a function of a pairing agent to the coordinator  100  through the encryption channel at operation  408 . For convenience, the request message for requesting the qualification for performing the function of the pairing agent will be referred to as a pairing agent qualification request message. The terminal  110  determines whether a response message which authorizes the terminal  110  to perform the function of the pairing agent is received from the coordinator  100  at operation  410 . For convenience, the response message which authorizes to perform the function of the pairing agent will be referred to as a pairing agent qualification authorization message. 
         [0104]    If the pairing agent qualification authorization message is received from the coordinator  100 , the terminal  110  performs the function of the pairing agent at operation  412 . A process of performing the function of the pairing agent in the terminal  110  will be described below, so a detailed description will be omitted herein. 
         [0105]    Although  FIG. 4  illustrates a process for performing a pairing agent function in a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, various changes could be made to  FIG. 4 . For example, although shown as a series of operations, various operations in  FIG. 4  could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur multiple times. 
         [0106]    A process for performing a pairing agent function in a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has been described with reference to  FIG. 4 , and a process in which a coordinator authorizes a pairing agent function to a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will described with reference to  FIG. 5 . 
         [0107]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a process in which a coordinator authorizes a pairing agent function to a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0108]    Referring to  FIG. 5 , the coordinator  100  detects a button signal which corresponds to a preset button for starting a pairing process at operation  500 . The coordinator  100  determines whether a beacon signal including a first encryption key is received from a terminal  110  at operation  502 . 
         [0109]    If the beacon signal is received from the terminal  110 , the coordinator  100  calculates a distance between the coordinator  100  and the terminal  110  based on received signal strength, e.g., an RSSI of the beacon signal at operation  504 . The coordinator  100  determines whether the calculated distance is shorter than a preset distance, e.g., 1 meter at operation  506 . If the calculated distance is shorter than 1 meter, the coordinator  100  transmits an authentication success message indicating that authentication for the terminal  110  is successful to the terminal  110  at operation  508 . 
         [0110]    The coordinator  100  generates an encryption channel with the terminal  110  based on the first encryption key at operation  510 . The coordinator  100  determines whether a pairing qualification request message is received from the terminal  110  through the encryption channel at operation  512 . If the pairing qualification request message is received from the terminal  110 , the coordinator  100  transmits pairing qualification message to the terminal  110  at operation  514 . 
         [0111]    Although  FIG. 5  illustrates a process in which a coordinator authorizes a pairing agent function to a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, various changes could be made to  FIG. 5 . For example, although shown as a series of operations, various operations in  FIG. 5  could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur multiple times. 
         [0112]    A process in which a coordinator authorizes a pairing agent function to a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has been described with reference to  FIG. 5 , and a process for performing a paring process with a wireless device in a coordinator in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will described with reference to  FIG. 6 . 
         [0113]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating a process for performing a paring process with a wireless device in a coordinator in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0114]    Referring to  FIG. 6 , the coordinator  100  detects a button signal which corresponds to a preset button for starting a pairing process at operation  600 . The coordinator  100  determines whether a pairing request message is received from a wireless device  120  at operation  602 . If the pairing request message is received from the wireless device  120 , the coordinator  100  transmits a wireless device authentication request message for requesting authentication for the wireless device  120  to the terminal  110  at operation  604 . 
         [0115]    The coordinator  100  determines whether an authentication success message indicating that the authentication for the wireless device  120  is successful and a second encryption key are received from the terminal  110  at operation  606 . If the authentication success message indicating that the authentication for the wireless device  120  is successful and the second encryption key are received from the terminal  110 , the coordinator  100  generates an encryption channel with the terminal  110  and completes pairing with the terminal  110  at operation  608 . 
         [0116]    Although  FIG. 6  illustrates a process for performing a paring process with a wireless device in a coordinator in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, various changes could be made to  FIG. 6 . For example, although shown as a series of operations, various operations in  FIG. 6  could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur multiple times. 
         [0117]    A process for performing a paring process with a wireless device in a coordinator in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has been described with reference to  FIG. 6 , and a process for performing a paring agent function in a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will described with reference to  FIG. 7 . 
         [0118]      FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating a process for performing a paring agent function in a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0119]    Referring to  FIG. 7 , the terminal  110  determines whether a wireless device authentication request message is received from the coordinator  100  at operation  700 . If the wireless device authentication request message is received from the coordinator  100 , the terminal  110  approaches the wireless device  120 , and receives a beacon signal including a second encryption key from the wireless device  120  at operation  702 . 
         [0120]    The terminal  110  calculates a distance between the terminal  110  and the wireless device  120  based on received signal strength, e.g., an RSSI of the beacon signal at operation  704 . The terminal  110  determines whether the calculated distance between the terminal  110  and the wireless device  120  is shorter than a preset distance, e.g., 1 meter at operation  706 . If the distance between the terminal  110  and the wireless device  120  is shorter than the preset distance, the terminal  110  transmits an authentication success message indicating that authentication for the wireless device  120  is successful and the second encryption key to the coordinator  100 , and transmits an authentication success message which is encrypted based on the second encryption key to the wireless device  120  at operation  708 . 
         [0121]    Although  FIG. 7  illustrates a process for performing a paring agent function in a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, various changes could be made to  FIG. 7 . For example, although shown as a series of operations, various operations in  FIG. 7  could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur multiple times. 
         [0122]    A process for performing a paring agent function in a terminal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has been described with reference to  FIG. 7 , and a process for performing paring for a coordinator through a terminal in a wireless device in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will described with reference to  FIG. 8 . 
         [0123]      FIG. 8  is a flowchart illustrating a process for performing paring for a coordinator through a terminal in a wireless device in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0124]    Referring to  FIG. 8 , the wireless device  120  detects a button signal which corresponds to a preset button for starting a pairing process at operation  800 . The wireless device  120  transmits a pairing request message to the coordinator  100  at operation  802 . The wireless device  120  decreases transmit power and transmits a beacon signal including a second encryption key using the decreased transmit power at operation  804 . 
         [0125]    The wireless device  120  determines whether an authentication success message which is encrypted based on the second encryption key is received from the terminal  110  at operation  806 . If the authentication success message which is encrypted based on the second encryption key is received from the terminal  110 , the wireless device  120  increases the transmit power of the wireless device  120  again, generates an encryption channel with the coordinator  100  based on the second encryption key, and completes the pairing with the coordinator  100  at operation  808 . 
         [0126]    Although  FIG. 8  illustrates a process for performing paring for a coordinator through a terminal in a wireless device in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, various changes could be made to  FIG. 8 . For example, although shown as a series of operations, various operations in  FIG. 8  could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur multiple times. 
         [0127]    A process for performing paring for a coordinator through a terminal in a wireless device in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure has been described with reference to  FIG. 8 , and an inner structure of each of a coordinator, a terminal, and a wireless device in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will described with reference to  FIG. 9 . 
         [0128]      FIG. 9  schematically illustrates an inner structure of each of a coordinator, a terminal, and a wireless device in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         [0129]    Referring to  FIG. 9 , the coordinator  100  includes a distance calculator  902  and a pairing master unit  904 . 
         [0130]    The distance calculator  902  calculates a distance between the coordinator  100  and a terminal  110  based on received signal strength, e.g., an RSSI of a beacon signal which is received from the terminal  110 . The pairing master unit  904  performs a pairing operation with the terminal  110  and an operation to authorize a qualification as a pairing agent to the terminal  110  as described in  FIG. 2 , and performs a pairing operation with the wireless device  120  through the terminal  110  as described in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0131]    As described above, the distance calculator  902  and the pairing master unit  904  may be included in the coordinator  100  as units which are physically divided. However, if a controller for controlling an overall operation of the coordinator  100 , e.g., an operation of the coordinator  100  as described in  FIGS. 2 and 3  and controlling units included in the coordinator  100  performs a function of the distance calculator  902  and the pairing master unit  904 , the distance calculator  902  and the pairing master unit  904  may not be included in the coordinator  100 . 
         [0132]    Further, the terminal  110  includes a distance calculator  912 , a beacon signal receiver  914 , and a pairing agent unit  916 . 
         [0133]    The distance calculator  912  calculates a distance between the terminal  110  and the wireless device  120  based on received signal strength, e.g., an RSSI of a beacon signal which is received from the wireless device  120 . The beacon signal receiver  914  receives a beacon signal from the wireless device  120 . If there is other unit for performing a wireless communication including reception of a beacon signal within the terminal  110 , the beacon signal receiver  914  may not be included in the terminal. The pairing agent unit  916  performs a pairing agent function for the wireless device  120  as described in  FIG. 3  if the pairing agent function is authorized to the terminal  110  from the coordinator  100  through a process described in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0134]    The distance calculator  912  and the pairing agent unit  916  may be included in the terminal as units which are physically divided as shown in  FIG. 9 . However, if a controller which controls an overall operation of the terminal  110 , e.g., an operation of the terminal  110  as described in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , and units included in the terminal  110  performs a function of the distance calculator  912  and the pairing agent unit  916 , the distance calculator  912  and the pairing agent unit  916  may not be included in the terminal. 
         [0135]    Further, the wireless device  120  includes a transmit power controller  922 , an encryption key generator  924 , and a pairing unit  926 . 
         [0136]    The transmit power controller  922  performs an operation of adjusting transmit power of the wireless device  120  as described in  FIG. 3 . The encryption key generator  924  performs an operation of generating the second encryption key, and the pairing unit  926  performs paring with the coordinator  100  based on a pairing agent operation of the terminal  110 . 
         [0137]    The transmit power controller  922 , the encryption key generator  924 , and the pairing unit  926  may be included in the terminal as units which are physically divided as shown in  FIG. 9 . However, if a controller which controls an overall operation of the wireless device  120 , e.g., an operation of the wireless device  120  as described in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , and units included in the of the wireless device  120  performs a function of transmit power controller  922 , the encryption key generator  924 , and the pairing unit  926 , transmit power controller  922 , the encryption key generator  924 , and the pairing unit  926  may not be included in the terminal. 
         [0138]    While the distance calculator  902  and the pairing master unit  904  are described as separate units, it is to be understood that this is merely for convenience of description. In other words, the coordinator  100  may be implemented with one processor. 
         [0139]    While the distance calculator  912 , the beacon signal receiver  914 , and the pairing agent unit  916  are described as separate units, it is to be understood that this is merely for convenience of description. In other words, two or more of the distance calculator  912 , the beacon signal receiver  914 , and the pairing agent unit  916  may be incorporated into a single unit. Here, the terminal  110  may be implemented with one processor. 
         [0140]    While the transmit power controller  922 , the encryption key generator  924 , and the pairing unit  926  are described as separate units, it is to be understood that this is merely for convenience of description. In other words, two or more of the transmit power controller  922 , the encryption key generator  924 , and the pairing unit  926  may be incorporated into a single unit. Here, the wireless device  120  may be implemented with one processor. 
         [0141]    Although not shown in  FIG. 9 , the coordinator  100 , the terminal  110 , and the wireless device  120  may further include a transmitter and a receiver, or a transceiver which may perform a wireless communication one another, and a memory which stores a first encryption key and/or a second encryption key, various information which is transmitted and received in an authentication and pairing process, and the like. 
         [0142]    As is apparent from the foregoing description, an embodiment of the present disclosure enables to perform authentication for a wireless device which does not include a display unit using a terminal including a display unit thereby an authentication process and an encryption key transfer process are exactly performed and various wireless devices are paired with a network. 
         [0143]    An embodiment of the present disclosure enables to perform a pairing process thereby power consumption of a wireless device due to the pairing process is decreased and it is possible to use a unified pairing scheme for wireless devices of which connection schemes are different. 
         [0144]    An embodiment of the present disclosure enables to perform a pairing process in a wireless communication system. 
         [0145]    An embodiment of the present disclosure enables to perform a pairing process thereby performing authentication for a wireless device using a terminal including a display unit. 
         [0146]    An embodiment of the present disclosure enables to perform a pairing process for a wireless device which is authenticated through a terminal. 
         [0147]    An embodiment of the present disclosure enables to perform a pairing process thereby decreasing power consumption of a wireless device due to the pairing process. 
         [0148]    An embodiment of the present disclosure enables to perform a pairing process thereby it is possible to use a unified pairing scheme for wireless devices of which connection schemes are different. 
         [0149]    Certain aspects of the present disclosure can also be embodied as computer readable code on a non-transitory computer readable recording medium. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium is any data storage device that can store data which can be thereafter read by a computer system. Examples of the non-transitory computer readable recording medium include a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random-Access Memory (RAM), Compact Disc-ROMs (CD-ROMs), magnetic tapes, floppy disks, and optical data storage devices. The non-transitory computer readable recording medium can also be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion. In addition, functional programs, code, and code segments for accomplishing the present disclosure can be easily construed by programmers skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. 
         [0150]    At this point it should be noted that the various embodiments of the present disclosure as described above typically involve the processing of input data and the generation of output data to some extent. This input data processing and output data generation may be implemented in hardware or software in combination with hardware. For example, specific electronic components may be employed in a mobile device or similar or related circuitry for implementing the functions associated with the various embodiments of the present disclosure as described above. Alternatively, one or more processors operating in accordance with stored instructions may implement the functions associated with the various embodiments of the present disclosure as described above. If such is the case, it is within the scope of the present disclosure that such instructions may be stored on one or more non-transitory processor readable mediums. Examples of the processor readable mediums include a ROM, a RAM, CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, and optical data storage devices. The processor readable mediums can also be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the instructions are stored and executed in a distributed fashion. In addition, functional computer programs, instructions, and instruction segments for accomplishing the present disclosure can be easily construed by programmers skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. 
         [0151]    The present disclosure may include a program including code for implementing the apparatus and method as defined by the appended claims, and a non-transitory machine-readable (e.g., computer-readable), storage medium storing the program. The program may be electronically transferred via any media, such as communication signals, which are transmitted through wired and/or wireless connections, and the present disclosure may include their equivalents. 
         [0152]    An apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may receive the program from a program providing device which is connected to the apparatus via a wire or a wireless and store the program. The program providing device may include a memory for storing instructions which instruct to perform a content protect method which has been already installed, information necessary for the content protect method, and the like, a communication unit for performing a wired or a wireless communication with a graphic processing device, and a controller for transmitting a related program to a transmitting/receiving device based on a request of the graphic processing device or automatically transmitting the related program to the transmitting/receiving device. 
         [0153]    While the present disclosure has been shown and described with reference to various embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.