Abstract:
A leadframe includes a die paddle and leads, in which the back side of the die paddle has a fillister. The fillister defines a rim surrounding a recess, and the recess accommodates protrusion of fusible material. Also, a package includes such a leadframe. Also, a method for making a leadframe includes patterning a sheet of metal to form a die paddle and leads, and forming a fillister in the back side of the die paddle.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    This invention relates to semiconductor package Surface Mount Technology (“SMT”) and, particularly, to surface mount of packages having an exposed die paddle surface. 
         [0003]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0004]    A conventional leadframe semiconductor die package has a semiconductor die mounted onto and electrically connected to a leadframe. The leadframe, which may be formed by patterning a sheet of electrically conductive metal such as copper, typically includes a die paddle, onto which the die is affixed, and leads, to which the die is electrically connected. The mounted die may be encapsulated or molded, and the leads may project from one or more sidewalls of the molding or encapsulation (a “leaded package”); or the leads may end at one or more of the sidewalls of the molding or encapsulation (a “leadless package” or “no-lead package”). 
         [0005]    An encapsulated leadless package is shaped generally as a thin rectangular parallepiped having larger rectangular or square upper and lower sides. Typically, lower surfaces of the die paddle and leads are exposed at the lower (package mount) side of the package, and end surfaces of the leads are exposed at (and are generally flush with) one or more sidewalls of the package. Thus a typical leadless semiconductor die package appears on the package mount side as a thin rectangular or square solid block of the molding or encapsulation material, with die paddle surfaces exposed flush with the “underside” (lower or package mount side) of the package and leads exposed flush with the underside and with one or more of the sidewalls of the package adjacent the lower edges. A quad flat no lead (“QFN”) package has leads exposed flush with the sidewalls adjacent all four lower edges, and a dual flat no lead (“DFN”) package has leads exposed flush with the sidewalls adjacent two (typically opposite) lower edges. 
         [0006]    Various approaches to mounting the die in the package, and electrically connecting the die to the leadframe, are in use. Generally the die may be connected by wire bonds or by flip-chip interconnection, for example. 
         [0007]    In a conventional flip chip package, electrically conductive balls or bumps are affixed to the bond pads on the die, and the die is mounted “die-down”, that is, the die is oriented so that the active side of the die faces toward the leadframe. The balls or bumps are aligned with bond sites on the die paddle to effect electrical connection of the die to the leadframe. 
         [0008]    In a conventional wire-bonded leadframe package the die is mounted “die-up”, that is, the die is oriented so that the active side of the die faces away from the leadframe. In such a package the die may be affixed to the die mount surface of the die paddle using a die attach adhesive, and the die is electrically connected to the leadframe by wires connecting interconnect pads on the die with bond sites on the leads (and, in some instances, with bond sites on the die paddle). 
         [0009]    The functioning die can generate a significant amount of heat. In some configurations, particularly where the die paddle is exposed at the back side of the package, the die paddle may carry heat from the die away from the package to the underlying substrate. For example, the die may be affixed to the die paddle using a thermally conductive (and, optionally, electrically insulative) adhesive, so that heat is conducted from the back side of the die, through the adhesive, to the die paddle. 
         [0010]    A flat no-lead package may be installed by surface mount onto a support such as a printed circuit board. Bond fingers are exposed at the package mount surface of the support to provide electrical connection of the package to circuitry in the support. In a conventional surface mount, the bond fingers are situated so that the exposed leads at the back side of the package can be aligned with corresponding bond fingers. An electrically conductive material, typically a solder paste, is applied onto the bond fingers on the support, and the package is mounted by placing the package in alignment onto the support and applying heat to reflow the solder and complete the connection. In package configurations having an exposed die paddle, the support may additionally have an exposed thermal pad situated in alignment with the die paddle; a solder paste may be provided at the thermal pad as well as at the bond fingers, to provide good thermal conduction from the package to the support. Typically thermally conductive vias carry heat from the thermal pad to the opposite side of the support, or to a thermally conductive layer (such as a ground plane) in the support. 
         [0011]    The package is typically subjected to heat stress, for example by thermal cycling, and is then visually inspected and electrically tested before it is mounted on the support. Packages that fail visual inspection or electrical testing are discarded. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0012]    The invention provides for surface-mountable packages having a die paddle exposed at the back side of the package, which are more likely to pass visual inspection following pre-mount heat cycling, and which are more likely to yield good and reliable electrical connection following mount on the printed circuit board or other support. This is accomplished according to one aspect of the invention by recessing the back side of the die paddle, and according to another aspect of the invention by providing a fillister on the exposed back side of the die paddle. 
         [0013]    The leadframe is conventionally made by patterning a copper or copper alloy sheet. The lower surfaces of the die paddle and the leads typically are plated with a thin layer of a metal or metal alloy that provides for a robust solder connection. The plating on the exposed back sides of the leads and the die paddle melts during thermal cycling during the pre-mount testing phase. One source of failure in visual inspection is a consequence of the fact that, as the plating material melts, the melted mass tends by cohesion to form an irregular protruding shape. The cohering solder mass on the die paddle may protrude so much that it prevents the solder on one or more of the package leads from making good contact with the underlying bond fingers on the support. Or, the support may have unmasked circuit traces underlying the die paddle, and the protruding solder mass on the die paddle may contact these circuit traces and cause an electrical short. Even in cases where the protruding mass would not in fact interfere with good electrical contact or result in electrical shorting if the package were mounted, the package may nevertheless be rejected for failing visual inspection. 
         [0014]    Generally, the invention features a leadframe in which at least part of the surface of the die paddle opposite the die mount side (the “back” side) is recessed in relation to the back side of the package. The leadframe may have an upset die paddle, and a mold flow dam ring may be employed to prevent incursion of the encapsulant over the back side of the die paddle; or, the back side of the die paddle may be etched back following encapsulation. Or the die paddle may be provided with a fillister in the back side, defining a rim and a recessed surface. The plating material covers the lower surfaces of the leads and the lower surfaces of the recessed die paddle. The volume of the space defined by the recess is sufficient to accommodate protrusions of the plating material in the recess, to mitigate contact of the plating material with the underlying support during surface mount on a support. Accordingly, vertical offset of the package can be reduced or eliminated, and unwanted contact of the fusible material beneath the die paddle with underlying circuitry in the support can be avoided. 
         [0015]    In one general aspect the invention features a leadframe including a die paddle and leads, in the back side of the die paddle is recessed in relation to the back side of the package. 
         [0016]    In some embodiments the leadframe further includes a plating material covering the lower surfaces of the leads and the recessed surface of the die paddle. 
         [0017]    In some embodiments the recess defines a recess depth in a range about ⅓ to ½ the leadframe thickness. In some embodiments the depth is at least about as great as an expected height of a protrusion of plating material following pre-mount thermal cycling. In a particular example, where a protrusion is expected to reach a height about 75 um, the depth is about 75 um. 
         [0018]    In another general aspect the invention features a leadframe including a die paddle and leads, in which the back side of the die paddle has a fillister. The fillister defines a rim surrounding a recess. 
         [0019]    In some embodiments the leadframe further includes a plating material covering the lower surfaces of the leads, the lower and inner surfaces of the rim, and the surface of the recess. 
         [0020]    In some embodiments the recess defines a recess depth in a range about ⅓ to ½ the leadframe thickness. In some embodiments the depth is at least about as great as an expected height of a protrusion of plating material following pre-mount thermal cycling. In a particular example, where a protrusion is expected to reach a height about 75 um, the depth is about 75 um. 
         [0021]    In some embodiments the die paddle has at least two fillisters, and in some embodiments three or more fillisters, each defining a recess having a depth in a range about ⅓ to ½ the leadframe thickness. 
         [0022]    In another general aspect the invention features a semiconductor package having an exposed die paddle, the die paddle having an exposed side that is recessed in relation to the back side of the package. In some embodiments the die paddle is upset; in other embodiments the die paddle is etched back. In some embodiments the die paddle has a fillister in the exposed side. 
         [0023]    In some embodiments the package includes a die mounted on a leadframe, the leadframe comprising a die paddle having a fillister (or two or more fillisters) in the side opposite the die mount side (the “back” side). In various embodiments the fillister (or fillisters) may be configured as described above. 
         [0024]    In another general aspect the invention features a method for making a leadframe by patterning a sheet of metal to form a die paddle and leads, and forming an offset in the back side of the die paddle. In some embodiments the offset is formed by etching back the die paddle; in other embodiments the offset is formed by displacing the die paddle in relation to the leads to form an upset die paddle. In some embodiments the offset in formed by forming a fillister in the back side of the die paddle. In some such embodiments the fillister is formed by partially etching an area of the back side of the die paddle; in other such embodiments the fillister is formed by deforming a portion of the back side of the die paddle. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0025]      FIGS. 1A and 1B  are diagrammatic sketches showing a conventional Dual Flat No-lead (“DFN”) package in a plan view ( FIG. 1A ) and in a sectional view taken along the line B-B′ ( FIG. 1B ). 
           [0026]      FIG. 2A  is a diagrammatic sketch in a sectional view showing a conventional DFN package as in  FIG. 1B , having a material plated on the leadframe. 
           [0027]      FIG. 2B  is a diagrammatic sketch in a sectional view showing a package as in  FIG. 2A , following pre-mount thermal cycling. 
           [0028]      FIG. 3A  is a diagrammatic sketch in a sectional view showing a conventional package as in  FIG. 2B , mounted on a printed circuit board. 
           [0029]      FIGS. 3B and 3C  are diagrammatic sketches in a sectional view showing results of failed attempts to surface mount a conventional package as in  FIG. 2B . 
           [0030]      FIGS. 4A and 4B  are diagrammatic sketches showing a DFN package according to an embodiment of the invention in a plan view ( FIG. 4A ) and in a sectional view taken along the line B-B′ ( FIG. 4B ). 
           [0031]      FIG. 5A  is a diagrammatic sketch in a sectional view showing a DFN package according to an embodiment of the invention as in  FIG. 4B , having a material plated on the leadframe. 
           [0032]      FIG. 5B  is a diagrammatic sketch in a sectional view showing a package as in  FIG. 5A , following pre-mount thermal cycling. 
           [0033]      FIG. 6A  is a diagrammatic sketch in sectional view showing a successful surface mount of a DFN package according to an embodiment of the invention as in  FIG. 5B . 
           [0034]      FIG. 6B  is a diagrammatic sketch in sectional view showing a successful surface mount of a DFN package according to an embodiment of the invention as in  FIG. 5B . 
           [0035]      FIGS. 7 and 8  are diagrammatic sketches each in a plan view showing examples of alternative embodiments of the invention. 
           [0036]      FIG. 9  is a diagrammatic sketch in a sectional view showing a package according to another embodiment of the invention. 
           [0037]      FIGS. 10A ,  10 B, and  10 C are diagrammatic sketches in sectional view showing examples of alternative embodiments of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0038]    The invention will now be described in further detail by reference to the drawings, which illustrate alternative embodiments of the invention. The drawings are diagrammatic, showing features of the invention and their relation to other features and structures, and are not made to scale. For improved clarity of presentation, in the FIGs. illustrating embodiments of the invention, features corresponding to features shown in other drawings are not all particularly renumbered, although they are all readily identifiable in all the FIGs. 
         [0039]      FIGS. 1A and 1B  show a conventional DFN package;  FIG. 2A  shows the DFN package with plating, ready for testing; and  FIG. 2B  shows the package following thermal cycling, ready for surface mount.  FIG. 3A  shows a mounted package, and  FIGS. 3B and 3C  show two modes of failure that may result from an attempt to mount a conventional plated package onto a support such as a printed circuit board. 
         [0040]    Referring now to  FIG. 1A , there is shown generally at  10  a view of the package mount (lower) side of a conventional DFN package. The lower surface of the encapsulant  9  defines the general outline of the package. The lower surfaces of the die paddle  4  and of the leads, e.g.  2 , are exposed at the lower side of the package. The leads are arrayed along two opposite lower edges of the package and, accordingly, this is a “dual” flat package; in a “quad” flat package the leads would be arrayed along all four lower edges of the package (other package types are known). Also, the leads do not project beyond the sidewalls of the encapsulant and, accordingly, this example is a “no-lead” or “leadless” package. The interior of the conventional DFN package of  FIG. 1A  appears in  FIG. 1B  in a sectional view along the line indicated at B-B′ in  FIG. 1A . A die  14  is affixed to the die attach side of the die paddle  4  by a die attach adhesive  13 . The die attach adhesive may optionally be thermally conductive, so that heat generated by the die is readily conducted to the die paddle; also, the die attach adhesive may optionally be electrically insulative. Wire bonds, e.g.  18 , electrically connect the die to the leadframe; in this example, the die is forward-bonded, that is, a wire bonding tool is used to form a ball bond  17  on the bond pad  15 , then to draw the wire toward the bond site on the lead  2 , and then to form a stitch bond  19  on a bond site on the lead. After all the wire bonds have been formed, the structure is sealed using an encapsulation  9 , which covers the die, the wire bonds, and all the surfaces of the leadframe except the lower surface  5  of the die paddle  4  and the lower surfaces  7  of the leads  2 . Typically the packages are built up in a strip or array, and the individual packages are punched or sawed from the strip or array. Because the leads traverse the saw or punch line, the ends of the leads are exposed at the sidewalls of the individual packages. 
         [0041]    In a standard package, the exposed lower surfaces of the die paddle and the leads are plated as shown at  27  and  25  in  FIG. 2A  with a metal or metal alloy material such as, for example, Sn, Sn—Cu, Sn—Bi. A standard plating thickness is in the range about 300 to about 800 micro-inches (about 7.62 to about 20.32 um). The plating improves the solder joint between the leadframe and the bond fingers in the support. 
         [0042]    As noted above, during pre-mount thermal cycling (for example using an IR oven to raise the temperature to about 260 C), the melted plating can by cohesion form irregular protrusions, and the resulting irregular surface may fail visual inspection (and could cause electrical failure or electrical short when mounted). At lower plating thicknesses within the standard range (about 7 to about 8 um, for example), following thermal cycling the protrusions may be absent or low and the surface may appear smooth enough to pass visual inspection. At higher plating thicknesses (greater than about 9 um, for example) thermal cycling can result in a rough-appearing (and visually unacceptable) surface. 
         [0043]    This effect is illustrated in a sectional view for example in  FIG. 2B . The plating material on the die paddle has formed protrusions  35 , the highest of which has a height H 1 . The plating material on the leads has formed protrusions  37 , having heights H 2 , H 2 ′. The protrusions on the die paddle are larger (and project higher) than on the leads because there is a greater mass of plating material on the die paddle. The package illustrated in  FIG. 2B  may fail visual inspection and, if mounted on a support, may produce electrical failure or shorting. 
         [0044]    A package that survives testing and passes visual inspection is mounted on a support such as a printed circuit board by placing the package onto the support with the leads aligned with the corresponding bond fingers and heating the assembly to reflow the solder. 
         [0045]      FIG. 3A  illustrates a package as in  FIG. 2B  mounted on a support such as a printed circuit board  32 . The support is provided at the package mount surface with bond fingers  34  and thermal pad  33 . Typically the bond fingers would be connected to circuitry (not shown in the figures) on and in the support, and thermally conductive vias (not shown) would connect the thermal pad to the opposite side of the support or to a thermally conductive layer in the support such as a ground plane (not shown). The protrusions of plating material are shown here smaller than in  FIG. 2B , and the solder connections of the leads to the bond fingers and of the die paddle to the thermal pad are shown here as successful (although possibly not as robust as may be desired). The greatest plating material protrusion on the die paddle has a height H 3  and, when the package is mounted as shown, the protrusion imposes a standoff distance O 3  between the back side of the package and the package mount surface of the support. The reflowed solder  36  connecting the die paddle  4  to the thermal pad  33 , and the reflowed solder  38  connecting the leads  2  to the bond fingers  34  are well-formed. Because the gap O 3  is so great, however, the solder joints may have an unacceptably reduced lifetime in use. 
         [0046]    As noted above, cohesion of the fusible material during reflow can yield unsatisfactory results in one or more of at least two ways, as illustrated in  FIGS. 3B and 3C . 
         [0047]    Referring now to  FIG. 3B , a conventional package as shown in  FIG. 2B  is surface mounted by a reflow onto a support such as a printed circuit board  32 . The support has bond fingers  34  beneath the corresponding overlying package leads  2  and circuit traces  39  beneath the die paddle  4 . As in the example of  FIG. 3A , the protruding plating material on the die paddle imposes a standoff distance O 3  between the back side of the package and the package mount surface of the support. As shown, the solder  38  has made acceptable connections between the leads  2  and the bond fingers  34 , although as noted above the solder joints may not be as robust as desired. However, the downward-protruding plating material  35  on the die paddle has made unwanted contact with at least some of the traces  39  beneath the die paddle. This can result in electrical short and failure of the assembly. 
         [0048]    Referring now to  FIG. 3C , a conventional package as shown in  FIG. 2B  is surface mounted by a reflow onto a support such as a printed circuit board  32 . As in  FIG. 3B , the support  32  has bond fingers beneath the corresponding overlying package leads  2 . In this example there are no exposed circuit traces in the support beneath the die paddle. Here, however, the protrusion beneath the die paddle  4  touches the surface of the support  32  and, because the downward-protruding plating material has greater a protrusion height, it imposing an offset distance O 1  between the back side of the package and the support surface. This prevents good electrical contact of the solder  39  between at least some of the leads  2  and the underlying bond fingers  34 , resulting in electrical failure of the assembly. 
         [0049]    Turning now to  FIG. 4A , there is shown generally at  40  a view of the package mount (lower) side of a DFN package according to an embodiment of the invention, in which a fillister in the die paddle provides a recessed die paddle surface. The lower surface of the encapsulant  9  defines the general outline of the package. The lower surfaces of the die paddle  24  and of the leads, e.g.  22 , are exposed at the lower side of the package. A fillister at the lower side (the “back side”) of the die paddle  24  defines a rim  23  and a recessed surface  25 . The fillister has a width W and a length L, and the rim  23  has a width M. 
         [0050]    The interior of the DFN package of  FIG. 4A  appears in  FIG. 4B  in a sectional view along the line indicated at B-B′ in  FIG. 4A . A die  14  is affixed to the die attach side of the die paddle  24  by a die attach adhesive  13 . Wire bonds, e.g.  18 , connect the die to the leadframe; in this example, the die is forward-bonded, that is, a wire bonding tool is used to form a ball bond  17  on the bond pad  15 , then to draw the wire toward the bond site on the lead  22 , and then to form a stitch bond  19  on a bond site on the lead. After all the wire bonds have been formed, the structure is sealed using an encapsulation  9 , which covers the die, the bond wires, and all the surfaces of the leadframe except the recessed surface  25  of the die paddle  24 , the inner and lower surfaces of the rim  23 , and the lower surfaces  27  of the leads  22 . The fillister has a depth D, and the volume of the recess  26  is defined by the depth D, the width W, and the length L of the fillister. The rim  23  prevents incursion of the encapsulant into the recess  26  during the encapsulation process. 
         [0051]    The fillister can be formed by, for example, a partial etch. For example, where the leadframe is made by patterning a copper or copper alloy sheet having a thickness about 150 um, the back side of the leadframe may be masked and substantially half etched to make a fillister having a depth about 75 um. This technique results in a flat surface on the non-etched top (die attach) surface of the die paddle, providing for good adhesion of the die at that surface. Typically the packages are built up in a strip or array, and the individual packages are punched or sawed from the strip or array. Because the leads traverse the saw or punch line, the ends of the leads are exposed at the sidewalls of the individual packages. 
         [0052]    The fillister may alternatively be formed by a “punch” process. In this technique the fillister is formed by using a press to deform the die paddle, so that a portion of the die paddle is offset to form the fillister. The punch process may be employed both to cut the sheet to form the die paddle and leads, and to deform the die paddle; or, the sheet may be patterned by an etch process, and a punch process may be employed to deform the die paddle. A package having a leadframe fillister made by a punch process is illustrated diagrammatically by way of example in  FIG. 9 . A die  14  is affixed to the die attach side of the deformed die paddle  94  by a die attach adhesive. Wire bonds connect the die to leads  92 . The fillister defines a rim  93  and a recessed surface  95 . The fillister has a depth D, and the volume of the recess  96  is defined approximately by the depth D and the length and width of the fillister. An encapsulation  99  covers the die, the wire bonds, and all the surfaces of the leadframe except the recessed surface  95  of the die paddle  94 , the inner and lower surfaces of the rim, and the lower surfaces  97  of the leads  92 . The rim  93  prevents incursion of the encapsulant into the recess  96  during the encapsulation process. The dimensions of the fillister made by the punch process may be similar to the dimensions of the fillister made by a partial etch. 
         [0053]    Referring to  FIG. 5A , the exposed lower surfaces of the leads and the die paddle are plated with a material such as Sn, Sn/Bi, Sn/Cu, for example; the leads are plated as shown at  57 , and the lower surfaces of the die paddle  24  are plated, including the surfaces of the rim, as shown at  53  and the surface of the recess, as shown at  55 . The plating thickness may conform with industry standards for the package type; for flat leadless packages, for example, the standard plating thickness is in a range about 9 um to about 20 um. 
         [0054]    The plated package is then subjected to a pre-mount heat test, for example by thermal cycling (for example using an IR oven to raise the temperature to about 260 C). As explained above, this results in melting the plating, and the melted plating material can by cohesion form irregular protrusions. Because the protrusions on the surface of the recess are accommodated within the fillister, and do not extend significantly below the rim of the recess, they are not visible when the package is viewed edge-on. As a result, the package is less likely to fail visual inspection. Moreover, because the protrusions do not extend significantly below the back side of the package, the protrusions cannot interfere with any underlying features when the package is surface mounted on the support. Accordingly, successful electrical connection of the leads to the bond fingers, without shorting to any circuitry that may be exposed on the support beneath the die paddle, is more likely to result. This result is illustrated in a sectional view for example in  FIG. 5B . The plating material on the surface of the fillister recess has formed protrusions  65 , the largest of which has a height H 3 . The plating material on the leads has formed smaller protrusions  67 , having heights H 2 , H 2 ′, and much smaller protrusions  63  on the rim of the fillister. The protrusions on the recess surface are larger (and project higher) than on the leads (or on the rim) because there is a greater mass of plating material on the die paddle. Because the depth D of the recess is about the same as the height H 3  of the largest protrusion on the recess surface, the protrusions on the recess surface do not project below the back side of the package, and they are not visible in an edge-on view. 
         [0055]    The package is then aligned with a support and a reflow process is used to reflow solder paste on bond fingers on the support to form electrical connections between the package leads and the bond fingers. Referring now to  FIG. 6A , a pre-tested package as shown in  FIG. 5B  is surface mounted by reflow onto a support such as a printed circuit board  62 . The support  62  has bond fingers  64  beneath the corresponding overlying package leads  22 , but the support does not have exposed circuit traces beneath the die paddle. In the example shown here, the reflowed solder  63  on the fillister rim does not contact the surface of the support  62 . The protruding plating material  65  is accommodated by the recess and does not contact the surface of the support  62 . Accordingly (compare  FIG. 3C ), there is a smaller offset O 2  between the back side of the package and the support surface, and good electrical contact is made by the solder between the leads and the bond fingers. 
         [0056]    Referring now to  FIG. 6B , a pre-tested package as shown in  FIG. 5B  is surface mounted by reflow onto a support such as a printed circuit board  62 . In this example the support  62  has bond fingers  64  beneath the corresponding overlying package leads  22 , and has circuit traces  39  beneath the die paddle  64 . As in the example shown in  FIG. 6A , the reflowed solder  63  on the fillister rim does not contact the surface of the support  62 , and the protruding plating material  65  is accommodated by the recess and does not make unwanted contact with the traces  39  at the surface of the support  62  beneath the die paddle. Accordingly, there is a smaller offset O 2  between the back side of the package and the support surface, and good electrical contact is made by the solder between the leads and the bond fingers and, moreover, (compare  FIG. 3B ) electrical short between the die paddle and underlying circuitry is avoided. 
         [0057]    The back side of the die paddle may be provided with more than one fillister, and the fillisters may have any of a variety of shapes and arrangements, as shown for example in  FIGS. 7 and 8 .  FIG. 7  shows the back side of a package  70  in which the leadframe die paddle  74  has four fillisters  76 ,  76 ′,  76 ″,  76 ′″; and  FIG. 8  shows the back side of a package  80  in which the leadframe die paddle  84  has three fillisters  86 ,  86 ′,  86 ″. 
         [0058]      FIGS. 10A ,  10 B and  10 C show the interior of a various package configurations in a sectional view (similar to the view shown in  FIG. 4B ), in which the die paddle is recessed in relation to the back side of the package. The lower surface of an encapsulant  109  defines the general outline of the package. The lower surfaces of the leads, e.g.  122 , are exposed at the lower side of the package. In  FIGS. 10A and 10B , the die paddle is not provided with a fillister. In  FIG. 10A , the die paddle has been etched back to provide the recess; in  FIG. 10B  the die paddle is upset. In  FIG. 10C  the die paddle is provided with a fillister as in embodiments as described above, but here the fillister rim is recessed in relation to the back side of the package. 
         [0059]    Referring now to  FIG. 10A , a die  14  is affixed to the die attach side of the die paddle  124  by a die attach adhesive, and wire bonds connect bond pads on the die to bond sites on the leads  122 . After all the wire bonds have been formed, the structure is sealed using an encapsulation  109 , which covers the die, the bond wires, and all the surfaces of the leadframe except the (lower) side of the die paddle and leads. Then the lower surfaces  127  of the leads are masked and the exposed die paddle is etched back, thinning the die paddle. The back surface  119  of the encapsulation  109  remains substantially as before the etch, so the etch results in a recess  126  defined by the resulting surface  125  of the die paddle  124 . The depth of the recess  126  from the encapsulant surface  119  to the die paddle surface  125  is determined by the depth of the etch, and the volume of the recess  126  is defined by the depth of the etch and the width and length of the void in the encapsulant left by etching back the die paddle. A plating material  165 ,  167  on exposed back surfaces is shown as it may appear following thermal cycling. 
         [0060]      FIG. 10B  shows a package having an upset die paddle, with a lower recessed surface not covered by the encapsulant. That is, after the metal sheet has been patterned to form the die paddle and leads, the die paddle  1024  is displaced (typically using a press) so that the back side  1025  of the die paddle  1024  lies in a different plane than the back side  1027  of the leads  1022 . (As is well known, tie bars connecting the die paddle and leads are stretched to some extent during the upset displacement of the die paddle.) After the die paddle has been upset, a die  14  is affixed to the die attach side of the die paddle  1024  using a die attach adhesive, and the die is electrically connected to the leads  1022 . After all the wire bonds have been formed, a mold flow dam is deployed at the periphery of the back side of the die paddle to prevent incursion of the encapsulant onto the recessed surface of the die paddle during the subsequent encapsulation procedure. As a result, the back surface  1019  of the encapsulant  109  is generally in the same plane as the back surfaces  1027  of the leads  1022 , and the encapsulation procedure results in a recess  1026  defined by the surface  1025  of the displaced die paddle  1124 . The depth of the recess  1026  from the encapsulant surface  1019  to the die paddle surface  1025  is determined by the extent of the upset displacement, and the volume of the recess  1026  is defined by the depth of the recess and the area of the void resulting from exclusion of the encapsulant by the mold dam. A plating material  1065 ,  1067  on exposed back surfaces is shown as it may appear following thermal cycling. 
         [0061]      FIG. 10C  shows an embodiment in which the back side of the die paddle  1124  is recessed (for example by an etch, as shown in this example) with respect to the back side of the package and in which a further recess in the die paddle is provided by a fillister. A die  14  is affixed to the die attach side of the die paddle  1124  by a die attach adhesive, and wire bonds connect bond pads on the die to bond sites on the leads  1122 . After all the wire bonds have been formed, the structure is sealed using an encapsulation  109 , which covers the die, the bond wires, and all the surfaces of the leadframe except the (lower) side of the die paddle and leads. Then the lower surfaces  1127  of the leads are masked and the exposed die paddle is etched back, thinning the die paddle. The die paddle is further etched to form a fillister at the already recessed lower surface of the die paddle. The back surface  1119  of the encapsulation  109  remains substantially as before the etch. The fillister defines a recessed rim  1123  and a further recessed surface  1125 . The etch to form the fillister may be carried out at least in part prior to the etch back to recess the rim  1126 . 
         [0062]    A plating material  1123 ,  1165 ,  1167  on exposed back surfaces is shown as it may appear following thermal cycling. 
         [0063]    Other embodiments are within the claims. For example, any package type having a die paddle with an exposed surface at the back side of the package may be provided with a recessed die paddle or with a fillister on the die paddle according to the invention, including for example so-called leadless packages having leads exposed on 1, or 3 edges as well as on two or four edges; and leaded packages.