Abstract:
The invention provides an IC card in which it is difficult to separate IC chips from the IC card. In accordance with the invention, an IC card formed by laminating a plurality of substrates can include a sensor for identifying an authorized person, a signal processing circuit for processing the identification based on an output from the sensor and a card-shaped card medium containing the sensor and the signal processing circuit. At least the signal processing circuit can include a thin film circuit which is sufficiently thinner than the card medium and contains a material which is dissolvable equally to or more than the card medium.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to an IC card using thin film circuits and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the invention relates to an IC card having thin film chips and a method of manufacturing the same.  
           [0003]    2. Description of Related Art  
           [0004]    An IC card exhibits various functions by containing IC chips in a card-shaped medium. The IC chip is made so as to be accommodated in the thickness (about 0.7 mm) of a card by reducing the thickness of a silicon substrate, on which LSI circuits are formed, by polishing it. Inserting the IC card into, for example, an automatic teller machine (ATM) permits money to be added to and taken out from an account in a bank. The IC card can be used for payments of shopping in a store. Further, the IC card also can be used as a commuter pass and a prepaid card in transportation facilities. To permit the IC card to be used as described above, there is available an IC card having an internal memory and the like in which various kinds of highly confidential information is recorded, such as card owner&#39;s personal information, identifying information, an account number, a user&#39;s number of a card firm, prepaid information (prepaid amount), and the like.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    However, the IC card is ordinarily provided in the form of a plastic card. Since IC chips are composed of silicon whose melting point is higher than that of plastic, it can be contemplated to take out the IC chips from the inside of the card using any method. In this case, it can be contemplated that the recorded information is read out from a ROM and the like contained in an IC.  
           [0006]    Further, when the IC card can identify an authorized person as a card owner, security can be more increased when the card is used. Further, it is convenient to use the IC card as a key card for coming into and coming out from a house or a specific place or for locking and unlocking a door of a vehicle.  
           [0007]    Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an IC card which makes it difficult for IC chips to be separated from the IC card.  
           [0008]    Further, an object of the present invention is to provide an IC card which can identify an authorized person as a card owner.  
           [0009]    Further, an object of the present invention is to provide an IC card having high security by itself and also having an authenticating function.  
           [0010]    To achieve the above objects, an IC card of the present invention formed by laminating a plurality of substrates can include a sensor for identifying an authorized person, a signal processing circuit for processing the identification based on an output from the sensor, and a card-shaped card medium containing the sensor and the signal processing circuit. At least the signal processing circuit is composed of a thin film circuit which is sufficiently thinner than the card medium and contains a material which is dissolvable equally to or more than the card medium. With the above arrangement, when it is intended to take out the signal processing circuit from the inside of the IC card, the thin film circuit is easily broken, which can prevent the information stored in the signal processing circuit (thin film circuit) from being taken out to the outside.  
           [0011]    It is preferable that the substrate of the thin film circuit be selected from a material which prevents the melting point of the substrate from being in excess of the melting point of the card medium. With this arrangement, when it is intended to take out the signal processing circuit (thin film circuit) by melting the card, the thin film circuit is also melted and broken. The information recorded in the signal processing circuit cannot be read out.  
           [0012]    It is preferable that the IC card further include a display formed of a thin film for displaying a result of the identification processing. With this arrangement, a result of identification based on an output of the sensor can be displayed to the outside.  
           [0013]    It is preferable that the signal processing circuit include an arithmetic operation circuit and a memory circuit. With this arrangement, it is possible to authenticate an authorized person by executing a previously stored processing program and comparing the recorded information with the output of the sensor.  
           [0014]    It is preferable that the memory circuit record information for identifying the authorized person. When the IC card, in which the information for identifying the authorized person is previously recorded, is issued, it is possible to construct a card system which can be used only by the authorized person or which can be used on the condition that the authorized person is authenticated.  
           [0015]    It is preferable that the sensor be a fingerprint detection sensor. A probability of discriminating between the authorized person and other person is increased by using the fingerprint for identification.  
           [0016]    It is further preferable that the information for identifying the authorized person be a fingerprint characteristic parameter. The authorized person can be identified by previously storing the fingerprint characteristic parameter of the authorized person and comparing the characteristic parameter with the characteristic parameter of a detected fingerprint.  
           [0017]    An IC card of the present invention formed by laminating a plurality of substrates can include a first substrate having a sensor device and a display device disposed on one surface and a signal processing device composed of a thin film circuit and disposed on the other surface, a second substrate having a sensor window and a display device window at positions corresponding to the sensor device and the display device, respectively, having wiring films on a surface facing the one surface of the first substrate, and bonded to the first substrate, and a third substrate bonded to the other surface of the first substrate. With this arrangement, the IC card can be used easily by increasing the ratio of the sensor device and the display device occupying the IC card. Further, there can be obtained the IC card which includes the substrate, on which the signal processing device composed of the thin film circuit is mounted, and the two substrates for protecting the above substrate on both the sides thereof.  
           [0018]    It is preferable that the wirings between the substrates be connected through anisotropic conductive films. With this arrangement, the wirings can be connected between the substrates by a bonded structure without executing wire bonding.  
           [0019]    It is preferable that the first substrate contain an FPC (flexible printed circuit). With this arrangement, the resistance of the card against flexure, bending, and the like can be improved. Further, using the flexible resin thin film substrate makes the physical properties (mechanical properties and thermally softening properties) thereof near to those of the plastic material of the IC card, which permits the thin film circuit to be broken when the plastic material is dissolved.  
           [0020]    It is preferable that the display device be a flat display device and includes a liquid crystal device and an organic EL display. These displays can be composed of a thin film and can be contained in the IC card.  
           [0021]    It is further preferable that the sensor device include at least a fingerprint sensor and a hand writing sensor. With this arrangement, it is possible to authenticate (identify) the authorized person actually possessing the IC card.  
           [0022]    It is preferable that externally connection terminals be formed on the front surface or the back surface of the IC card. With this arrangement, power can be supplied from the outside, and a signal can be transmitted between the IC card and an external device. Note that a battery may also be contained in the inside of the IC card.  
           [0023]    It is preferable that the first substrate have through-holes for connecting the circuits on the one surface to the circuits on the other surface. With this arrangement, the circuits on the front surface of the substrate are connected to those of the back surface of the substrate.  
           [0024]    It is preferable that the display device window of the second substrate be formed transparent. With this arrangement, the display is protected while securing the visibility of the display.  
           [0025]    It is preferable that the first substrate be a thin film substrate and that the second and third substrates be thick film substrates relatively thicker than the first substrate. With this arrangement, it is possible to protect the thin film substrate on which the thin film circuits are mounted by clamping it between both the sides thereof.  
           [0026]    It is preferable that the second and third substrates be substrates for protecting the first substrate. With this arrangement, the thin film substrate on which the thin film circuits are mounted is protected on both the sides thereof.  
           [0027]    It is preferable that a wiring film connected to any device of the first substrate be formed on the surface of the second or third substrate facing the first substrate. With this arrangement, the devices mounted on the same substrate can be easily connected by a laminated structure (bonding) making use of the wiring film of the surface facing the substrate.  
           [0028]    An IC card of the present invention formed by bonding a plurality of substrates can include a first substrate having a sensor device and a signal processing device disposed on one surface, and a second substrate having a wiring film, a window, and a display device disposed on a surface facing the one surface of the first substrate, the wiring film forming wirings between or in the devices, the window exposing the sensor device, and the display device being disposed in correspondence to the signal processing device. The two-layer structure also makes it possible to arrange the IC card whose usability is improved by increasing the ratio of the sensor device and the display device occupying the IC card.  
           [0029]    It is additionally preferable that the IC card further include anisotropic conductive films for connecting at least any device of the first substrate to the wiring film of the second substrate. With this arrangement, wirings can be connected by the laminated structure without executing wire bonding.  
           [0030]    An IC card of the present invention can have terminals formed at an end of a substrate for connecting internal circuits to the outside. The terminals protrude from any one substrate and are exposed on the front surface of the IC card and are fitted into fitting portions formed on other substrate.  
           [0031]    A method of manufacturing an IC card of the present invention can include a step of forming a thin-film-circuit-mounted substrate by transferring thin film circuits formed on a tentative substrate onto a thin film substrate for the IC card, and a step of bonding protective substrates to both the sides of the thin-film-circuit-mounted substrate, respectively. With the above arrangement, the IC card can be assembled by transferring the thin film circuits made on the tentative substrate in different processes (signal processing device, various sensors, display, memory circuit, audio generator, radio wave generator, signal receiver, and the like) onto the thin film substrate (intermediate substrate) of the IC card by a technology for transferring thin film circuits between substrates.  
           [0032]    A method of manufacturing an IC card of the present invention can include a step of forming a thin-film-circuit-mounted substrate by transferring thin film circuits formed on a tentative substrate onto a thin film substrate for the IC card, and a step of bonding a protective substrate on the thin-film-circuit-mounted substrate. With the above arrangement, the IC card can be assembled by transferring the thin film circuits made on the tentative substrate in different processes (signal processing device, sensor, display, memory circuit, audio generator, radio wave generator, signal receiver, and the like) onto the thin film substrate of the IC card by a technology for transferring thin film circuits between substrates.  
           [0033]    It is preferable that connection terminals be previously formed to the thin film circuits, wiring films be previously formed to the protective substrate and, at the bonding step, the thin film circuit be connected to the wiring film by bonding the thin film substrate to the protective substrate through anisotropic conducive films. With this arrangement, the wirings can be easily connected by the laminated structure.  
           [0034]    It is preferable that the bonding step include a positioning step of fitting connection terminals formed to any one of the substrates to fitting portions formed to the other substrate. With this arrangement, the respective substrates can be easily positioned when they are connected to each other. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0035]    The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals reference like elements, and wherein:  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 1 is a perspective view explaining an example of an outside view of an IC card of the present invention;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 2 is a block diagram explaining an example of an authentication system using an IC card;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 3 is a perspective view explaining a laminated structure of the IC card;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 4 is a sectional view explaining a structure of respective layers of an IC card having a three-layer structure;  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 5 is a sectional view explaining an assembled state of the IC card having the three-layer structure;  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 6 is a sectional view explaining a structure of respective layers of an IC card having a two-layer structure;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 7 is a sectional view explaining an assembled state of the IC card having the two-layer structure;  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 8 is a perspective view explaining an example in which plugs of an IC card are used to positioning of respective layers;  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 9 is a sectional view explaining an example in which plugs of an IC card having a three-layer structure are used to alignment of the card;  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 10 is a sectional view explaining an example in which plugs of an IC card having a two-layer structure are used to alignment of the card; and  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 11 is a view explaining an example in which thin film circuits are transferred onto an IC card substrate by transferring them from a tentative substrate. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0047]    Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to drawings.  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 1 shows an example of an IC card according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the IC card  11  can be formed in an approximately rectangular shape with a thickness of about 0.7 mm. A sensor window  111  is formed on the front surface of the IC card  11 , and a sensor  112  exposes therethrough. The sensor  112  is, for example, a sensor for authenticating the owner of the IC card and includes a fingerprint sensor, hand writing sensor, and the like. Further, a transparent window  114  for a display  113  is formed on the front surface of the IC card  11 . A liquid crystal display and an organic EL display, which can be formed of a thin film, are suitable as the display  13 . As described below, the IC card  11  is formed by laminating a plurality of substrates, and the sensor, an IC circuit, the display, wirings, and the like are formed in the substrates.  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 2 is a view explaining an example of an authentication system for identifying an authorized person using an IC card. In the figure, the portions corresponding to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In this example, it is confirmed by a fingerprint sensor  112  that the owner of the IC card is the authorized person.  
         [0050]    The fingerprint sensor  112 , a display  114 , an IC circuit  115 , wirings  116 , and a connector (plug)  117  are disposed in an IC card  11 . When the connector  117  is inserted into a connector  202  of a card key system  21  which will be described later, electric power is supplied from the card key system  21  to the IC card  11 . Also, a sheet battery may be contained in the IC card  11 .  
         [0051]    The fingerprint sensor  112  is composed of a matrix of fine capacitor electrodes each formed of a thin film circuit. When a finger tip touches a group of the capacitor electrodes, a capacitance is detected along a fingerprint, and the pattern of the fingerprint is detected. The pattern information is supplied to the IC circuit  115 . The IC circuit  115  is composed of one chip microcomputer and includes an arithmetic operation circuit, a memory circuit (including a temporary memory circuit and a non-volatile memory circuit), an interface, a drive circuit of the display  114 , and the like. The IC circuit  115  reads a signal from the sensor  112 , extracts the characteristics of the fingerprint pattern, and calculates a characteristic parameter representing the features. Then, the IC circuit  115  determines coincidence or a degree of similarity between the calculated characteristic parameter and the characteristic parameter of the fingerprint of the authorized person previously written to the non-volatile memory. A result of determination is displayed on the display  114 . The display has a surface area of, for example, 28 characters×2 rows. One character can be set to 8×6 dots, and one dot can be set to 350 microns. Additionally, the surface area can be arbitrarily determined. As described above, various types of display elements, such as liquid crystal, organic electroluminescence, light emitting diodes, and the like can be appropriately selected.  
         [0052]    In this example, the connector  117  of the IC card  11  has power supply terminals  117   a  and  117   b  and signal terminals  117   c  and  117   d . When the IC card  11  is connected to the card connector  202 , electric power is supplied to the IC circuit  115  through the power supply terminals  117   a  and  117   b . Further, the electric power is also supplied to the fingerprint sensor and the display  114 . With this operation, the IC circuit (CPU)  115  is activated and executes a program. Communication is executed between the IC card  11  and a card key device  201  through the signal terminals  117   c  and  117   d  according to a previously determined protocol, thereby the IC card  11  can be used. When the authorized person touches the fingerprint sensor  112 , the authorized person is identified by the IC circuit  115 , and a result of identification is supplied to the card key device  201  through the signal terminals  117   c  and  117   d  and the card connector  202 .  
         [0053]    The card key device  201  is combined integrally with, for example, a door lock device, an ATM device, a POS terminal, and the like. A door is unlocked, a transaction through an account is permitted, and using a credit card is permitted according to a result of authentication of the authorized person executed by the IC card  11 . The IC card  11  can be also provided with ordinary IC card functions, in addition to the authorized person identifying function described above. With the above arrangement, the IC card  11  can be prevented from being used by a person other than the authorized person.  
         [0054]    In the authorized person authentication system described above, the card key device  201  is not provided with a logic (fingerprint discrimination processing) for identifying the authorized person. Accordingly, it is not necessary to deliver identification data such as a fingerprint and the like from the IC card  11  to the card key device  201 , resulting in a less possibility of leakage of information as to privacy. Further, the card key device  201  can be prevented from beginning to identify the authorized person based on false identification data input form a person other than the authorized person.  
         [0055]    FIGS.  3  to  5  explain a case in which the IC card  11  is formed of three substrates. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the three substrates in a discrete state, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view schematically showing cross sections in directions A, B, C, and D shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a sectional view schematically explaining a state in which the three substrates are bonded together. In the respective figures, corresponding portions are denoted by the same reference numerals.  
         [0056]    As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a window  111  is formed through a portion of a first substrate  121 . Further, other portion of the first substrate  121  is arranged as a transparent window  113 . These windows correspond to the positions of a fingerprint sensor  112  and a display  114  which are formed on a second substrate  122 , respectively.  
         [0057]    A wiring film  116   a  for connecting the display  114 , the fingerprint sensor  112 , and an IC circuit  115  is formed on the back (lower) surface of the first substrate  121  between the window  111  and the transparent window  113 . Further, a wiring film  116   b  for auxiliarily wiring the display  114  is formed on the back surface.  
         [0058]    The fingerprint sensor  112  is disposed on the front (upper) surface of the second substrate  122  at a position facing the window  111  of the substrate  121 . Further, the display  114  is disposed on the front surface of the second substrate  122  at a position corresponding to the window  113  of the substrate  121 . The IC circuit  115  is disposed on the back (lower) surface of the substrate  122  at a position corresponding to the display  114 . A through-hole is formed in the portion of the second substrate  122  sandwiched between the display  114  and the IC circuit  15  (refer to FIG. 4), and the display  114  is connected to the IC circuit  115  through a plug  116   f . Further, a through-hole is also formed through the substrate  122  at a position corresponding to the wiring film  116   a  of the first substrate  121 , and a plug  116   c  is disposed in the through-hole.  
         [0059]    A wiring film  116   d  for connecting the plug  116   c  to the IC circuit  115  is disposed on the front (upper) surface of the third substrate  123 . Connection terminals  117   a - 117   d  are formed at a right end of the substrate  123 . A wiring film  116   e  for connecting the terminals  117   a - 117   d  to the terminal of the IC circuit  115  is formed on the front surface of the substrate  123 . Electric power can be supplied through the terminals  117   a  and  117   b  is supplied to the fingerprint sensor  112  and the display  114  through the IC circuit  115 .  
         [0060]    As shown in FIG. 5, bonding layers  132  can be formed between the first to third substrates formed as described above by applying an adhesive, and the like between the respective substrates, and the terminals of the respective devices and the wiring films are bonded to each other through anisotropic conductive films  131 . The anisotropic conductive films can be obtained by mixing conductive fine particles in, for example, insulative rubber and resin. When the anisotropic conductive films are clamped by the terminals and the like from both the sides thereof and compressed, the conductive fine particles in the films are connected to each other, and the films are made conductive in a direction in which they are clamped. Further, the wiring film  116   a  is connected to the plug  116   c  through an anisotropic conductive film  131 .  
         [0061]    While the respective substrates are shown relatively thick in the above arrangement, for example, the first substrate is a plastic substrate (resin substrate) having a thickness of about 315 μm, the second substrate is an FPC substrate having a thickness of about 25-50 μm, and the third substrate is a plastic substrate (resin substrate) having a thickness of about 315 μm. Further, the two bonding films have a thickness of about 10 μm, respectively. Accordingly, the second substrate is considerably thinner than the other substrates. Further, the fingerprint sensor  112 , the display  114 , and the IC circuit  115  are composed of a thin film circuit using TFT transistors and the like of an SOI arrangement. The thin film circuits permit to arrange the devices very thin by using the film substate (FPC). It is not necessary to reduce the thickness of a silicon chip (substrate) from about 500 μm to about 50 μm by polishing it as performed conventionally. Since the respective substrates are resin (or plastic) insulative substrates, when it is intended to split and break the first or second substrate, the second thin substrate is also broken. Further, when it is intended to take out the IC circuit  115  by heating and melting the first or the second substrate, the second substrate and the thin film circuits are melted together with them and broken. Accordingly, it is difficult to take out information from the inside (memory) of the IC card.  
         [0062]    Note that, as apparent from FIG. 5, the IC circuit (thin film circuit)  115  may be formed on the substrate  123  and may be bonded to the substrate  122 . In this case, since the thin film circuits exist on one surface of the respective substrates, transfer of the thin film circuits, which will be described below, can be easily executed.  
         [0063]    [0063]FIGS. 6 and 7 show an example in which an IC card is composed of two substrates. FIG. 6 is a view explaining an approximate cross section of the two substrates before they are assembled. FIG. 7 is a view explaining an approximate sectional view of the IC card after it is assembled. In FIGS. 6 and 7, portions corresponding to those of FIGS. 4 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals.  
         [0064]    In this embodiment, an upper substrate  151  and a lower substrate  152  are used. A window  111  for a fingerprint sensor  112  is disposed on the upper substrate  151 . Further, a transparent window  113  for a display  114  is disposed on the upper substrate  151 . Wiring films  116   a  and  116   b  are formed on the back surface (lower surface) of the upper substrate  151 , and the display  114  is connected to these wiring films through anisotropic conductive films  131 . Wiring films  116   d ,  116   e , and  116   g  are formed on the front surface (upper surface) of the lower substrate  152 , and a plug  117  connected to the wiring film  116   e  is formed at the right end of the lower substrate  152 . An IC circuit  115  is disposed above the wiring films  116   d  and  116   e  through anisotropic conductive films  131 . An IC circuit  115  is disposed above the wiring films  116   d  and  116   e  through anisotropic conductive films  131 .  
         [0065]    As shown in FIG. 7, the upper substrate  151  is bonded to the lower substrate  152  through adhesive films  132  composed of an adhesive. At this time, the terminals of the display  114  is connected to the terminals of the IC circuit  115  through anisotropic conductive films  131 .  
         [0066]    In the above arrangement, the upper substrate  151  and the lower substrate  152  are formed of a relatively thick plastic substrate (resin substrate).  
         [0067]    [0067]FIGS. 8 and 9 show another example of a connector (plug) portion of the IC card of the present invention. In FIGS. 8 and 9, portions corresponding to those of FIGS. 3 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals.  
         [0068]    In this example, plugs  117   a - 117   d  formed in any of the substrates are fitted into recessed portions of other substrate. With this arrangement, the substrates can be easily aligned with each other. In the perspective view shown in FIG. 8, the plugs formed in a third substrate  123  are fitted into recessed portions of the second substrate  122  and the first substrate  121  at positions corresponding to the plugs of the first substrate  121 . FIG. 9 shows a sectional view of the substrates  121 ,  122 , and  123 , wherein the plug  117  formed on a wiring film  116   e  of the substrate  123  is fitted into the recessed portions of the substrates  122  and  121  and exposed on the front surface of the first substrate  121 . The exposed surface acts as a contact surface of a card key device  201  in contact with a card connector  202 .  
         [0069]    [0069]FIG. 10 shows an example of a plug of a two-layered substrate. Portions corresponding to those of FIG. 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In this example, a plug  117  formed on a wiring film  116   e  of a lower substrate  152  is fitted into a recessed portion disposed in a connector portion of an upper substrate  151 . Accordingly, the substrates can be easily aligned with each other.  
         [0070]    [0070]FIG. 11 is a view explaining a transfer process  300  for transferring thin film circuits onto an IC card substrate. A thin film transfer apparatus  300  can include a bed  301  and a head  302 . The bed  301  and the head  302  move relatively with each other. For example, the head  302  reciprocates in an up/down direction so that a flexible tentative substrate  303  and the IC card substrate  122  are clamped. The thin film circuits  304  are formed on one surface (lower surface) of the tentative substrate at prescribed intervals. The thin film circuits  304  correspond to the signal processing circuit (IC circuit)  115 , the sensor unit  112 , the display  114 , the wiring films  116 , and the like described above. The thin film circuits  304  are bonded onto the tentative substrate  303  at the prescribed intervals. Preferably used in the bonding are a tentative adhesive, for example, a thermally-exfoliating resin and an ultraviolet-ray-exfoliating resin, an exfoliating film, for example, an amorphous silicon film whose coupling forced is lost by laser ablation, and the like. The tentative substrate  303  is wound around a not shown reel and the like. The IC card substrate  122  also moves in synchronism with the feed of the tentative transfer substrate  303 . A permanent adhesive (not shown) is partly applied onto the transfer positions of the IC card substrate  122 .  
         [0071]    When a thin film circuit  304  is located at a prescribed position on the IC card substrate  122 , the head  302  moves downward and presses the thin film circuit  304  against the IC card substrate  122  and causes the thin film circuit  304  to come into intimate contact with the IC card substrate  122 . At this time, a tentative adhesive layer and an exfoliation layer between the tentative substrate  303  and the thin film circuit  304  are separated or broken by applying heat or irradiating ultraviolet rays or laser from the back surface of the tentative substrate  303  to the back surface of the thin film circuit  304 . At the same time, the thin film circuit  304  is bonded to the IC card substrate  122  by curing a bonding layer applied to the IC card substrate  122  by keeping the bed  301  at a prescribed temperature. A permanent adhesive having temperature characteristics opposite to those of the tentative adhesive may be used. The head  302  is returned upward, the tentative substrate  303  is moved, and the thin film circuit  304  is transferred. The thin film circuits (including the signal processing circuit, the display, the sensor, the wirings, and the like) can be formed on the IC card substrates  121 ,  122 , and  123  as described above. Note that the head  302  may be a rotatable head, in addition to the illustrated head reciprocating up and down.  
         [0072]    Thereafter, IC cards  11  are made by bonding the IC card substrates, on which the thin film circuits and the like are formed, to each other through anisotropic conductive films, an adhesive, and the like and cutting off the bonded IC card substrates to a card size.  
         [0073]    As described above, since the IC card of the embodiment of the present invention can include the sensor and the signal processing circuit, it is possible to authenticate (identify) the authorized person to which the card is issued, in addition to the ordinary IC card functions. Accordingly, a person other than the authorized person cannot use the IC card, which is convenient for the security of a transaction and an entrance/exit system using the card.  
         [0074]    Further, since the IC card contains the IC circuits made of the thin film circuits, it is not necessary to reduce the thickness of the substrate by polishing it different from IC circuits made of silicon chips. Accordingly, a manufacturing process can be reduced.  
         [0075]    Further, when it is intended to break and melt the IC card (by heat, solvent, and the like) the IC circuits (thin film circuits) are also broken, which prevents the information in the inside of the IC card from being taken out.  
         [0076]    According to the method of manufacturing the IC card of the embodiment, a circuit having a large area can be easily manufactured because the IC card is assembled by bonding the thin film circuits of the respective devices manufactured separately on the substrates. Further, since the thin film circuits having a different function can be bonded together, they can easily support various applications, which is convenient to manufacture the IC card.  
         [0077]    As described above, the IC card of the present invention contains the sensor, which identifies that a card owner and the like are the person previously recorded in the card, and the signal processing circuit, which is composed of the thin film circuit and executes identification. Accordingly, the IC card is preferable in that it can identify a prescribed person as well as make it difficult to read out information from the signal processing circuit to thereby increase the security (confidentiality) in the transaction using the card and in the use of the card.  
         [0078]    Further, according to the method of manufacturing the IC card, the IC card can be manufactured by transferring the thin film circuits manufactured separately onto the substrates of the IC card or combining the thin film circuits having a different function. Accordingly, various functions can be realized in the IC card by using the thin film circuits having various functions (sensor, display, signal processing circuit, memory circuit, audio output circuit, radio wave generation circuit, and the like).  
         [0079]    While this invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, preferred embodiments of the invention as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without depending from the spirit and scope of the invention.