Abstract:
There is no surveillance camera system optimum for monitoring an important monitor place by a surveillance camera mainly for crime prevention day and night without humans in attendance, which can automatically monitor the place without humans in attendance and, when something suspicious is found, follow the suspicious without humans in attendance, and accurately monitor the suspicious at high precision. The present invention provides a surveillance camera driving method achieving such a system having the function of obtaining video image signals by two or more surveillance cameras each having a three-dimensional positioning pan tilt head function, organically processing the video information, comparing the processed information with input data of a plane picture or the like or data of pictures of a front view and a side view or the like, and determining whether the processed video signal is the same as the input data or not.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a method of driving a surveillance camera by using a rotary electric machine which is optimum for driving a surveillance camera or the like. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   In the case of monitoring an important monitor place by a surveillance camera mainly for preventing crime all day long without humans in attendance, a surveillance camera system which can be three-dimensionally positioned is necessary. A surveillance camera is used, which is driven by a panning motor of horizontal rotation and a tilting motor for vertically moving the camera being horizontally driven. 
     FIG. 4  is a diagram showing the configuration of a conventional surveillance camera which is three-dimensionally positioned. Shown in the diagram are a motor  31  for driving a horizontal shaft, an output pinion  32  of the motor  31 , a reduction gear  33  which meshes with the output pinion  32 , and a cylindrical shaft  35  for horizontally rotating a camera  10 . The cylindrical shaft  35  is supported by upper and lower chassises  42  via bearings  34  having a large inside diameter. 
   The upper and lower chassises  42  are fixed by pillars  44 . Also shown are a tilting motor  37 , a pinion  38  of the tilting motor  37 , a gear  39  which meshes with the pinion  38 , bearings  40 , a mounting plate  7 , and the camera  10 . 
   If a slip ring is not used, however, after continuously rotating in one direction a plurality of times, a lead cable for supplying power to the tilting motors and the camera is twisted and the camera becomes unable to rotate. Even when the slip ring is used, if the horizontal rotation shaft of the rotary electrical machine and that of the camera are not concentric, the structure is complicated, and the outer shape is large. Consequently, the camera is conspicuous and is not always suited to the purpose of this kind. 
   There is no surveillance camera system optimum for monitoring an important monitor place by a surveillance camera mainly for crime prevention day and night without humans in attendance, which can automatically monitor the place without humans in attendance and, when something suspicious is found, follow the suspicious without humans in attendance, and accurately monitor the suspicious at high precision. It is therefore an object of the invention to develop a surveillance camera driving method capable of solving the problems. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   To achieve the object, according to a first aspect of the invention, a method of driving a surveillance camera using a rotary electric machine is provided in which the rotary electric machine for horizontally rotating (panning) a camera has a hollow in the center of its rotary shaft and, further, has a reduction gear having a hollow in its center concentrically with the rotary shaft in the case of decelerating a rotation output of the rotary electric machine, a slip ring is concentrically provided in the hollow including a hollow output shaft of the reduction gear or a side face of the hollow output shaft, power supply of the rotary electric machine for vertically moving (tilting) the camera and passage of the power and video signals of the camera attached to the rotary electric machine for vertical driving, that is, passage of power between a stationary side and a movable side is performed via the slip ring, and camera video signals of the same place are compared with each other a plurality of times or a subtraction is executed between the (n−1)th video signal and the n-th video signal (n: an integer of 2 or larger) by using a surveillance camera driving method capable of continuously rotating the camera in the horizontal direction and performing three-dimensional positioning, thereby enabling the existence of a deviation in video images to be recognized. 
   According to a second aspect of the invention, the method of driving a surveillance camera using a rotary electric machine is provided, wherein the camera is directed toward the position where a deviation occurs in video images by a panning motor and a tilting motor, and the video signal is obtained. 
   According to a third aspect of the invention, the method of driving a surveillance camera using a rotary electric machine is provided, wherein even when the position where a deviation occurs in video images changes momentarily, position information is given to a panning motor and a tilting motor in accordance with the position where the deviation occurs of the camera video signal, the camera is continuously directed toward the place where the deviation occurs, and the video signal is continuously obtained. 
   According to a fourth aspect of the invention, the method of driving a surveillance camera using a rotary electric machine is provided, further including the function of giving an alarm to a surveillant when the deviation is equal to or larger than a reference value. 
   According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the method of driving a surveillance camera using a rotary electric machine is provided, further including a signal output function of giving a sound alarm to the place where the deviation occurs or turning on light when the deviation is equal to or larger than the reference value. 
   According to a sixth aspect of the invention, a method of driving a surveillance camera using a rotary electric machine is provided, wherein the rotary electric machine for horizontally rotating (panning) a camera has a hollow in the center of its rotary shaft and, further, has a reduction gear having a hollow in its center concentrically with the rotary shaft in the case of reducting a rotation output of the rotary electric machine, a slip ring is concentrically provided in the hollow including a hollow output shaft of the reduction gear or a side face of the hollow output shaft, power supply of the rotary electric machine for vertically moving (tilting) the camera and passage of the power and video signals of the camera attached to the rotary electric machine for vertical driving are performed via the slip ring, the face or the like of a moving person or animal is followed for predetermined time to obtain video images of the face, and the video image is compared with a video image of a wanted person or animal to thereby make identification by using a surveillance camera driving method capable of continuously rotating the camera in the horizontal direction and performing three-dimensional positioning. 
   According to a seventh aspect of the invention, a surveillance camera driving method is provided, which has a function of obtaining video image signals by two or more surveillance cameras each having a three-dimensional positioning panhead function, organically processing the video information, and comparing the processed information with input data of a picture of a plan view or the like or data of pictures of a full face and a profile, thereby determining whether the processed information is the same as the input information or not. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram showing the structure of a surveillance camera used for the invention; 
       FIGS. 2A and 2B  are diagrams showing the configuration of a motor used for the invention; 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an abnormal value finding circuit of the invention; and 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram for illustrating the principle of a conventional technique. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   Embodiment 
     FIG. 1  is a conceptual diagram of a surveillance camera driving apparatus capable of performing three-dimensional positioning optimum for the invention. 
   Shown in the diagrams are a rotary electric machine  1  for horizontal rotation (hereinbelow, also called “horizontal shaft driving motor”, “panning motor” or, simply, “motor”), a reduction gear  2  of the rotary electric machine  1 , a motor hollow shaft  3 , a reduction gear hollow output shaft  4 , a slip ring  5 , and bearings  6 . 
   Reference numeral  7  denotes a metal fitting or the like of an L-letter shape which is fixed to the reduction gear hollow output shaft  4 , having the role of fixing a reduction gear  9  assembled in a tilt motor (or tilting motor)  8 , and moving the camera  10  in the vertical direction by the output shaft  4  of the attached reduction gear. 
   Supply of power to the tilt motor  8  and the camera  10  and output of a video signal of the camera  10  are led to a stationary portion via the slip ring  5 . 
   Specifically, a group of lead wires are led to the tilt motor  8  and the camera  10  via the slip ring  5  provided in the hollow of the horizontal shaft driving motor  1 . 
     FIG. 1  shows an example. Both of a driver for the tilt motor  8  and a driver for the panning motor  1  may be mounted on the L-shaped metal fitting  7  or the like in the movable portion. In this case, power is supplied from the stationary side via the slip ring  5  to the drivers and the camera  10 , and video information of the camera  10  is supplied to the stationary side via the slip ring  5 . 
   In this case, the number of pins of the slip ring  5  can be reduced, so that the cost of the slip ring  5  can be reduced. 
   Since the slip ring  5  is provided in the hollow of the panning motor or the like, it becomes small and compact. Thus, a compact panhead can be formed. 
   When a three-phase stepping motor is employed as the rotary electric machine  1  for horizontal rotation, the surveillance camera  10  having a simple drive circuit, small noise vibration, and excellent cost performance capable of performing high-speed positioning is realized. Further, by driving the three-phase stepping motor in micro steps, the vibration noise can be further reduced. 
   In the case of monitoring a safe in a bank at night or a door of a house where nobody stays from a high place or the like, the camera  10  continuously, periodically photographs the target place and the data of the video image captured is processed, thereby enabling a change in the place to be recognized. 
   By comparing camera video image signals of the same place continuously or a plurality of times or by setting “n” as an arbitrary integer and subtracting a video signal of the (n−1)th time from a video signal of the (n)th time, if an abnormality occurs, a deviation appears in video images, so that the occurrence of the abnormality can be recognized. 
   That is, the object can be achieved by the method. In this case, it is desirable that the surveillance camera be small, high-speed, adapted to operations such as free rotation in every directions or continuously in the same direction, and not-noisy. The configuration of  FIG. 1  is optimum for the desirable surveillance camera. 
   When a deviation in video images is found by the driving apparatus of  FIG. 1 , the camera  10  is oriented to the position where the deviation occurs in the video image by the panning motor  1  and the tilting motor  8  and a video signal can be obtained. 
   Even if the position in which the video image varies changes momentarily, it is possible to give positional information to the panning motor  1  and the tilting motor  8  in accordance with the deviation position of the camera video signal, keep on directing the camera  10  toward the deviation position, and continuously obtain the video signal. 
   Alternatively, it is possible to provide a function of giving an alarm to the monitor (the user) when the deviation of the video image is equal to or larger than a reference value. 
   It is also possible to provide a signal output function of giving a sound alarm to the place where the deviation occurs or turning on light when the deviation of the video image is equal to or larger than a reference value to warn a person who makes a forcible entry. 
   As another application of the surveillance camera of  FIG. 1  and the like of the proposal, the surveillance camera is optimum to find a criminal, a witness, a related person, and the like among passengers who pass the gates at an airport or the like. 
   For this purpose, video images are captured by a plurality of cameras in a plurality of places and data of a larger amount of, for example, a face can be used. It is also possible to synthesize an image of a full face and an image of a profile from the plurality of pieces of data and compare the synthesized images with full-face data or profile data which is input in advance by using a computer or the like. If the input data is data of the full face and the profile, identification of a person can be done more accurately. In this case, the camera cannot be practically used if it cannot be instantaneously adjusted at the optimum position angle to the object at high speed. Specifically, the face of a human, an animal, or the like who is passing a gate is photographed for predetermined time, and the image obtained is compared with a target human or animal for a match. 
   However, there is a case such that people who passes in a hurry does not always face forward but may face sideward. 
   In such a case, to increase the precision of determination, a surveillance camera driving method is extremely effective, which obtains video signals by two or more surveillance cameras each having a three-dimensional positioning panhead function, organically processes the video information, compares the processed video information with data of an input picture of a plan view or the like or data of pictures of a full face and a profile or the like, and determines whether the video information matches the input information or not. 
     FIG. 2A  is a sectional side view showing an example of the internal structure of the motor  1  for horizontal rotation of  FIG. 1 . 
   The rotary electric motor  1  for horizontal rotation may be of an inner rotor type or an outer rotor type.  FIGS. 2A and 2B  show a motor  21  of the outer rotor type. 
   Reference numeral  22  denotes a hollow output shaft. Reference numeral  26  denotes a reduction gear. In a surveillance camera, to suppress an influence of the inertia of the camera and the tilting motor  8  and a positional deviation between the position when the motor is ON and the position when the motor is OFF, the moderator is usually used. 
   Reference numeral  23  denotes a slip ring, and reference numeral  14  indicates a lead wire of the slip ring  23 . 
     FIG. 2B  is a front view of the case where the reference numeral  26  is a planetary gear. 
   Reference numeral  24  denotes a planetary gear,  25  denotes a sun gear having a hollow portion, and  23  indicates an internal gear. 
     FIG. 3  is a block diagram showing the principle of recognizing the existence of a deviation in video images by comparing camera video signals in the same place a plurality of times or by performing subtraction between a video signal of the (n−1)th time and a video signal of the n-th time. 
   When a deviation occurs in the video images, a deviation value is compared with a reference numeral. If the deviation value is larger than the reference value, by an output of the comparison circuit, generation of an alarm as the subsequent operation is performed. 
   Specifically, by the subtraction of the signal of the n-th time and the signal of the (n−1)th time, a deviation value B is obtained. The deviation value B is compared with a reference value A. When B is larger than A, a signal is output from the comparison circuit and the operation moves to the operation of giving an alarm or the like as subsequent operation. Consequently, the surveillance camera has to be a surveillance camera capable of periodically sampling a video image in an arbitrary same position freely and three-dimensionally. 
     FIG. 1  showing the configuration of the present invention is compared with  FIG. 4  showing the conventional configuration as follow. 
   1) In  FIG. 1 , the motor  1  also serves as the chassis  42  and the pillow  44  of  FIG. 4 . 
   2) Although the rotary shaft of the panning motor  31  and that of the slip ring  5  of  FIG. 4  are different from each other, in  FIG. 1 , the motor  1  and the slip ring  5  are disposed concentrically. 
   It is understood from the above that the surveillance camera is small and has a small number of parts. By using a three-phase stepping motor as each of the motor  1  for horizontal rotation and the tilting motor  8 , noise vibration can be reduced. 
   EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION 
   (1) An image is obtained in the same position a plurality of times by a surveillance camera apparatus having a panhead mechanism using a panning motor in which a slip ring is disposed in a hollow shaft or the like and the plurality of image signals are subjected to a background subtraction process, thereby enabling a deviation in the images to be easily and accurately obtained. From the deviation information, the place where the deviation occurs can be traced. By giving an alarm to the monitor (user) or an intruder, a crime can be prevented.
 
(2) The surveillance camera can be also provided with the function of continuously capturing images of the face or the like of a moving person or animal by the camera apparatus of the proposal for predetermined time and comparing the captured images with video images of a wanted person or animal, thereby enabling identification to be made.
 
(3) A method of driving a surveillance camera having a high-precision determining function can be realized, which obtains video signals by two or more surveillance cameras each having a three-dimensional positioning panhead function, organically processing video information, and comparing the processed video image with input data of a picture of a plan view or the like or data of a full face picture and a profile picture to thereby determine whether the obtained video image is the same as the input information or not at high precision.