Abstract:
A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine draws oil from an oil reservoir with an oil pump, and supplies oil to individual areas of the engine, after passing the oil through an oil filter and an oil cooler. A filter case containing an element of the oil filter is mounted to a side surface of the engine to facilitate the removal and replacement of the case. The oil cooler and a balancer are each respectively mounted to a front central portion of the internal combustion engine to enable oil cooling by an air-cooling effect of a running airflow, and to balance weight in the left-right direction of the internal combustion engine. Oil discharged from the oil cooler is introduced to a substantially central portion of the main gallery, to achieve uniformity of oil pressure supplied to individual bearing portions and uniformity of cooling of the individual bearing portions.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
         [0001]    The present application claims priority under 35 USC 119, based on Japanese patent application No. 2002-374831, filed Dec. 25, 2002.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    The present invention relates to multi-cylinder internal combustion engines. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved multi-cylinder combustion engine including an oil filter, an oil cooler, and a balancer, that provides improved serviceability, oil cooling, and evenly-distributed oil pressure.  
           [0004]    2. Description of the Background Art  
           [0005]    A number of different designs are known for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines. Many of the known engine designs include an oil filter, an oil cooler, and a balancer.  
           [0006]    In a conventional multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the oil filter is attached to a front surface of the internal combustion engine, with the axis of a cylindrical case thereof directed in the front-rear direction, together with an oil cooler (see, for example, Japanese Laid-open Patent No. 2001-227317 (FIGS. 2 and 5) &amp; Japanese Laid-open Patent No. Hei 8-232626 (FIG. 6)). During replacement of the oil filter element in this arrangement, the case of the oil filter is attached and detached in the axial direction of the cylindrical case, namely, in the front-rear direction. In the known multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, however, since a number of exhaust pipes according to the number of cylinders are aligned at a front surface of the internal combustion engine, the oil filter case can be difficult to remove and replace, because of interference by the exhaust pipes.  
           [0007]    There have been known engine designs in which an oil cooler is disposed at a substantially central portion in the left-right direction of a front surface of an internal combustion engine (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2001-227317 (FIGS. 2 and 5) and Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 8-232626 (FIG. 6)). In addition, there has also been a known engine design in which a balancer is disposed at a substantially central portion in the left-right direction of a front surface of an internal combustion engine (Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 6-193681 (FIG. 2).  
           [0008]    However, there has not been a known engine design in which both the oil cooler and the balancer are disposed, in close proximity to one another, at a substantially central portion of the front surface of the internal combustion engine.  
           [0009]    Ordinarily, where either the oil cooler or the balancer is disposed at a central portion of the front surface of the internal combustion engine, the other is disposed at a rear or a lower portion of the internal combustion engine.  
           [0010]    Although the known engine designs have utility for their intended purposes, a need still exists in the art for an improved design for a multi-cylinder combustion engine with an oil filter, an oil cooler, and a balancer. In particular, there is a need for an improved design for a multi-cylinder combustion engine with an oil filter, oil cooler, and a balancer that improves engine serviceability, and enhances oil cooling.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0011]    It is an object of the present invention to improve on the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, to improve the attaching position of an oil filter, and thereby to facilitate the removal and replacement of a filter case for replacement of an oil filter element.  
           [0012]    It is another object of the present invention to improve the attaching position of an oil filter in relation to the position of the oil cooler, to enable oil cooling by an air-cooling effect of a running airflow, to improve the position of oil supply to a main gallery, and to thereby supply substantially uniform oil pressure to each bearing portion, and to effect substantially uniform cooling of each bearing portion.  
           [0013]    It is a further object of the present invention to position an oil cooler and a balancer on an internal combustion engine so as to appropriately maintain a weight balance in the left-right direction of the engine.  
           [0014]    The present invention provides an improved multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. In a first aspect of the invention, a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, oil is drawn from an oil reservoir by an oil pump, and is supplied to individual portions of the engine after passing through an oil filter and oil cooler. In the first aspect hereof, the oil filter is attached to a side surface of the multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, while the oil cooler and a balancer are attached to a front central portion of the engine. The oil discharged from the oil cooler is introduced to a substantially central portion of a main gallery.  
           [0015]    The engine according to the first aspect of the present invention is constituted as above, and an oil filter case containing a filter element therein is attached to a side surface of the engine&#39;s crankcase, so removal and replacement of the oil filter is easy to carry out.  
           [0016]    In addition, even where the oil cooler, attached to a front surface of the internal combustion engine, is of the water cooling type, an air-cooling effect by a running airflow is obtained, resulting in a relatively high oil cooling efficiency.  
           [0017]    Further, in the engine according to the first aspect hereof, since the oil is supplied to a substantially central portion of the main gallery, the oil is supplied to each bearing portion with a substantially uniform and stable pressure. In addition, since the oil cooled by the oil cooler is supplied to bearing portions, the bearing portions are also cooled uniformly.  
           [0018]    Furthermore, the oil cooler is disposed at a front central portion of the internal combustion engine together with the balancer, it is possible to appropriately maintain a good weight balance in the left-right direction of the internal combustion engine.  
           [0019]    In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine according to a second aspect hereof, either one of a pair of crank webs belonging to a cylinder on the central side is provided with a drive gear, and the drive gear is meshed with a driven gear of the balancer, so as to thereby drive the balancer.  
           [0020]    In the present invention constituted as above, a balancer driving mechanism can be made small to it will fit into a narrow space.  
           [0021]    For a more complete understanding of the present invention, the reader is referred to the following detailed description section, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Throughout the following detailed description and in the drawings, like numbers refer to like parts. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]    [0022]FIG. 1 is a side view, partially cut away, of a motorcycle including a water-cooled four-cylinder wet sump type internal combustion engine, according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the four-cylinder wet sump type internal combustion engine of FIG. 1.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 3 is a sectional view, taken along line III-III of FIG. 2, and showing a cross section of a crankcase as viewed from the front side.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 4 is a view of an oil filter, an oil cooler, and the related oil passages as viewed in the direction of arrow IV of FIG. 2, presented at a corresponding position of FIG. 3.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 5 is a view of a lower crankcase as viewed in the direction of arrow V-V of FIG. 2.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 6 is a simplified perspective view of an oil flow path through the engine of FIGS. 2-5, for facilitating understanding of the arrangement of oil passages therein.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a part of a crankshaft and a balancer as viewed in the direction of arrow V-V of FIG. 2, shown overlapping with a corresponding position of the lower crankcase  20  of FIG. 5. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0029]    [0029]FIG. 1 is a side view of a motorcycle  1 , on which a water-cooled four-cylinder wet sump internal combustion engine  2  is mounted, according to one illustrative embodiment of the present invention. The figure is partly sectional. The engine  2  is adapted to be transversely mounted in a body frame  4 , so that a longitudinal axis of the crankshaft thereof is oriented transverse to the longitudinal axis of the frame  4 .  
         [0030]    The internal combustion engine  2  includes a combustion apparatus unit  5  attached to a transmission unit  6 . The internal combustion engine  2  is suspended from the vehicle body frame  4 , and is connected to a head pipe  3  of the motorcycle  1 . The vehicle body frame  4  is made up of a plurality of interconnected members.  
         [0031]    A front fork  7  is turnably supported on the head pipe  3 , a steering handle bar  8  is mounted to the upper end of the front fork  7 , and a front wheel  9  is shaft-supported on the lower end of the front fork  7 . The front end of a rear fork  10  is pivotally supported on a rear portion of the vehicle body frame  4 , so that the rear fork  10  can be vertically oscillated. A triangular link member  62  is pivotally supported on a central lower portion of the rear fork  10  through one corner portion thereof, a rod-like link member  63  is pivotally supported on another corner portion of the triangular link member  62 , and the other end of the rod-like link member  63  is pivotally supported on a lower portion of the vehicle body frame  4 . A rear shock absorber  11  is interposed between the vehicle body frame  4  and the third corner portion of the triangular link member  62 .  
         [0032]    A rear wheel  12  is shaft-supported on the rear ends of the rear fork  10 . The rear wheel  12  is driven by a chain  14 , which is wrapped around a drive sprocket mounted to an end of a counter shaft in the transmission unit of the internal combustion engine  2  and a driven sprocket  13  mounted to the axle of the rear wheel. The counter shaft in the transmission unit is parallel to crankshafts and the like, and is disposed in the left-right direction of the vehicle body.  
         [0033]    An exhaust pipe  15 , in communication with exhaust ports on the front side of the internal combustion engine  2 , extends around a lower lateral side of the engine to a rear portion of the vehicle body, and is connected to an exhaust muffler  16 . A fuel tank  17  is mounted on an upper portion of the vehicle body frame  4 , and a seat  18  is provided on the rear side thereof.  
         [0034]    The internal combustion engine  2  is of the water-cooled type, and liquid coolant, which has been raised in temperature through the process of cooling cylinders and the oil, is cooled at a radiator  19 .  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the water-cooled four-cylinder wet sump type internal combustion engine  2 . The internal combustion engine  2  has the combustion apparatus unit  5  and the transmission unit  6  united with each other. Arrow f indicates the front (forward) side of the engine. An outer shell of the internal combustion engine  2  includes an engine block  80  including a lower crankcase  20  and an upper crankcase  21 . The engine  2  also includes a cylinder head  22 , a cylinder head cover  23 , and an oil pan  24  disposed at a lower portion of the engine block  80 . Each cylinder  25  is integral with the upper crankcase  21 . Each crankshaft  26  and each main shaft  27  of the transmission are rotatably borne by bearings disposed between the lower crankcase  20  and the upper crankcase  21 . The counter shaft  28  in the transmission is rotatably supported on the lower side of the main shaft  27 , and a shift drum  29  is turnably supported on the rear side of the main shaft  27 . Each piston  30  is slidably contained in each cylinder  25 . A connecting rod  32  is connected between the piston  30  and a crank pin  31  of a crankshaft  26 .  
         [0036]    A combustion chamber  33  is provided in a portion of the engine  2  between an upper surface of the piston  30  and a lower portion of the cylinder head  22 . Inner ends of an intake port  34  and an exhaust port  35  feed into the combustion chamber  33 . Though not shown, an intake manifold, a carburetor, an air cleaner and the like are connected to the outer end of the intake port  34 . The exhaust pipe  15  and the exhaust muffler  16  shown in FIG. 1 are connected to the outer end of the exhaust port  35 . An intake valve  36  and an exhaust valve  37  are provided for opening and closing the intake port  34  and the exhaust port, 35  so as to front on the combustion chamber  33 . A valve-operating camshaft mechanism  38  is also provided inside an upper portion of the cylinder head  22  and the cylinder head cover  23 .  
         [0037]    An oil pump  39  is provided at a lower portion of the lower crankcase  20 . The oil pump  39  is driven by a chain  40 , wrapped around a drive sprocket on the main transmission shaft  27 . A suction pipe  41  is provided which has its upper end connected to a suction port of the oil pump  39  and which extends while spreading in a flared horn shape toward the inside of the oil pan  24  on the lower side thereof. A strainer  42  is attached to a large diameter portion at the lower end of the suction pipe  41 . Numeral  43  denotes an inspection window for checking the oil level. The inside of the strainer  42  and the suction pipe  41  constitutes an initial oil feed passage A extending upwardly from the oil pan  24 .  
         [0038]    An oil filter  44  is provided at a right side surface of the lower crankcase  20 , and an oil cooler  45  is provided, near the oil filter, at a front surface of the lower crankcase  20 . A balancer  70  is disposed near the oil cooler  45 .  
         [0039]    As best seen in FIG. 6, a main gallery  46  is provided inside the lower crankcase  20 , extending in the left-right direction of the engine. The oil, which has been pumped and pressurized by the oil pump  39 , is fed through an oil passage B to the oil filter  44 . The oil cleaned by the oil filter  44  is fed through an oil passage C to the oil cooler  45 , where it is cooled. The oil thus cooled is fed through an oil passage D into the main gallery  46 , from which it is fed to each bearing portion through a respective oil passage E, branching off the main gallery between the upper and lower crankcases  20  and  21 , to be served for lubrication and cooling of rotary sliding portions of the crankshaft  26 . Small arrows in the figure indicate the flow of the oil.  
         [0040]    An oil passage F is branched off from the oil passage B, and a relief valve  47  is connected to the lower end of the oil passage F. When excessive pressure is generated in the system by the oil pump  39 , the oil pressure is relieved by the relief valve  47 .  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 2, showing cross sections of the crankcases  20  and  21  as viewed from the front. The crankshaft  26 , directed in the leftright direction of the engine, is disposed substantially at the center of the figure. The crankshaft  26  is provided with crank pins  31  at four locations, and large end portions  32   a  of connecting rods  32  connected to four pistons  30  (FIG. 2) are connected to the four crank pins  31 , respectively. The crankshaft  26  is borne by bearing portions  50  formed at five locations by the lower crankcase  20  and the upper crankcase  21 . In the lower crankcase  20 , the main gallery  46  is bored in the left-right direction so as to pierce through partition wall-like portions. The cross section of the oil passage B (FIGS. 2 and 5) is seen, in contact with an upper portion of the main gallery  46 . Numeral  51  denotes an oil inlet of the main gallery, through which the oil, fed from the oil cooler  45  through the oil passage D (FIGS. 2 and 5), flows into the main gallery  46 . In the lower crankcase  20 , oil passages E are bored so as to extend from the main gallery  46  to the individual bearing portions  50 , respectively.  
         [0042]    Oil passages G, orthogonal to the axial direction of the crankshaft  26 , are bored at four locations of the portions supported by the individual bearing portions  50 , of the crankshaft  26 . A slant oil passage H communicated with the oil passage G is bored in each of the crank pins  31 . Further, an oil passage J communicated with the oil passage H and crossing each crank pin  31  is bored. An opening end formed upon boring each of the oil passages H is plugged with a press-fitted steel ball  52 . A generator  53  is mounted to an end of the crankshaft  26 .  
         [0043]    The oil, fed through the oil passage D and fed into the main gallery  46  through the oil inlet  51 , flows to the individual bearing portions  50  through the upward oil passages E, to lubricate the sliding portions of the crankshaft  26 . Further, the oil is fed through the oil passages G, the oil passages H, and the oil passages J to be pushed out into the space between the crank pins  31  and the large end portions  32   a  of the connecting rods  32 , thereby lubricating the sliding portions there.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 4 is a view of the oil filter  44 , the oil cooler  45 , and the related oil passages as viewed along arrow IV of FIG. 2, presented at a corresponding position of FIG. 3. In the figure, symbol  44  denotes the oil filter, and  45  the oil cooler. An oil outlet  54  of the oil filter  41  and an oil inlet  55  of the oil cooler  45  are connected to each other by an oil passage C bored in the lower crankcase  21 . An oil outlet  56  of the oil cooler  45  and the oil inlet  51  of the main gallery  46  shown in FIG. 3 are connected to each other by the rectilinear oil passage D (FIGS. 2 and 5) bored in the lower crankcase  21 . The oil passage F is an oil passage branched from the oil passage B (the oil passage communicated to the oil inlet  53  of the oil filter  44  shown in FIG. 5) which is not shown, and the relief valve  47  is connected to the lower end of the oil passage F. The relief valve  47  releases excessive pressure, if any, generated by the oil pump  39 .  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 5 is a view of the lower crankcase  20  as viewed along arrows V-V of FIG. 2, and arrow f indicates the front (forward) direction. Small arrows in the figure indicate the flow of the oil. The oil filter  44  is mounted to a right side portion of the lower crankcase  20 . The oil cooler  45  is mounted to a front portion of the lower crankcase  20  on the front side of a cylinder on the central side of a total of four cylinders. The main gallery  46  is provided to pierce through the lower crankcase in the left-right direction on the lower side of the crankshaft. The oil passage B crossing the main gallery on the upper side of the main gallery and communicated to the oil inlet  53  of the oil filter  44  is seen. In addition, the section of the oil passage F branched downwards from a bent portion of the oil passage B is seen. The oil outlet  54  of the oil filter  44  and the oil inlet  55  of the oil cooler  45  are connected to each other by the oil passage C. The oil outlet  56  of the oil cooler  45  and the oil inlet  51  of the main gallery are connected to each other by the oil passage D. In the figure, the bearing portions  50  provided at five locations in an upper surface of the lower crankcase  20  are seen, and the oil passages E communicated with the main gallery  46  are opened in the centers of the individual bearing portions  50 . Slits  57  are formed on both sides of each of the oil passages E. The side shape of each of the oil passages E is shown also in FIG. 2. Numeral  58  denotes boltholes for connecting the bearing portions of the upper and lower crankcases in an annular form.  
         [0046]    The oil fed under pressure by the oil pump and fed through the oil passage B into the oil filter  44  is cleaned there, before being fed through the oil passage C into the oil cooler  45 . After being cooled by water in the oil cooler  45 , the oil is fed through the oil passage D into the main gallery  46 , and is supplied through the oil passages E to the individual bearing portions  50 , to be served for lubrication. Water raised in temperature through the process of cooling the oil is cooled in the radiator  19  (FIG. 1) mounted to the front surface of the vehicle body. In this internal combustion engine, the oil cooler itself is also mounted to the front surface of the internal combustion engine, so that an effect of air-cooling the oil is obtained.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 6 is a perspective view for easy understanding of connections of the oil passages in the above embodiment. In the oil circulation system shown in the figure, the oil sucked through an oil inlet  59  of the strainer  42  is fed through the oil passage A in the oil suction pipe  41 , and flows into the oil pump  39  through an oil inlet  60 . The oil raised in pressure by the oil pump  39  exits through an oil outlet  61 , is fed through the oil passage B, and flows into the oil filter  44  through the oil inlet  53 . The oil cleaned by the oil filter  44  goes out through the oil outlet  54 , is fed through the oil passage C, and flows into the oil cooler  45  through the oil inlet  55 . The oil cooled in the oil cooler  45  goes out through the oil outlet  56 , is fed through the oil passage D, and flows into the main gallery  46  through the oil inlet  51 . The oil injected into a substantially central portion of the laterally elongated main gallery  46  is delivered substantially uniformly into the five oil passages, to be supplied to the individual bearing portions  50  through the oil passages E and the slits  57 . When an excessive pressure is generated in the oil by the oil pump  39 , the excessive pressure is released by the relief valve  47  connected to the lower end of the oil passage F branched from the oil passage B. The oil thus released returns to the oil pan. The oil passages B to F are oil passages bored in the crankcase.  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a part of the crankshaft  26  and the balancer  70  as viewed in the direction of arrow V-V of FIG. 2, shown overlapping with the corresponding position of the lower crankcase of FIG. 5. In the figure, the crankcase  26  and the balancer  70  are shown in section.  
         [0049]    As shown in FIG. 7, in the depicted embodiment of the engine  2 , the balancer  70  is positioned at the front part of the engine block in front of an intermediate cylinder, of a total of four cylinders. The balancer  70  is provided to smooth out operation of the engine  2 , and includes a balancer support shaft  71  and a weight  73  mounted on the shaft. The balancer support shaft  71  is supported and non-rotatably fixed onto an interior wall body portion of the lower crankcase  20 .  
         [0050]    The balance weight  73  is rotatably held on the outer circumference of the balancer support shaft  71  through needle bearings  72 , including needles  72   a  and needle holders  72   b . A balancer driven gear  74  is fitted on the outer circumference of a boss portion of the balance weight  73 , adjacently to a weight portion, and a recess-projection fitting portion  75  ensures that the balance weight  73  and the balancer driven gear  74  are rotated together as one body. Both ends of the balance weight  73  are restricted in axial movement by side washers  76  and  77 , together with the balancer driven shaft  74 .  
         [0051]    One of the crank webs of the crankshaft  26  is provided with a balancer drive gear  78 , which is meshed with the balancer driven shaft  74  so as to drive the balancer  70  to rotate at a rotational speed of double the rotational speed of the crankshaft, for canceling secondary vibration.  
         [0052]    In this embodiment, the oil cooler  45  is mounted on the front side of an intermediate cylinder, out of a total of four cylinders. In addition, the balancer  70  is positioned on the front side of another intermediate cylinder, of a total of four cylinders. Since the oil cooler and the balancer are thus disposed, next to one another, at a front central portion of the internal combustion engine, it is possible to appropriately maintain a weight balance in the left-right direction of the internal combustion engine. While the oil cooler and the balancer are shown aligned side by side in the left-right direction, as viewed from above as in FIG. 7, alternatively, both of them can be located at the center of the internal combustion engine, while being sufficiently spaced from each other in the vertical direction. With this arrangement, both of them are seen in an overlapping state when viewed from above.  
         [0053]    The multi-cylinder internal combustion engine according to the present invention is constituted as described, functions as described, and has the following effects:  
         [0054]    (1) The case containing the element of the oil filter is mounted to a side surface of the engine block. Therefore, the removal and replacement of the filter case for replacement of the element can be easily performed, without interference from the four exhaust pipes arranged on the front surface of the internal combustion engine.  
         [0055]    (2) While the oil cooler mounted on the front surface of the engine is of the water-cooled type, it receives a running airflow directly thereon during movement of the vehicle, so that an air-cooling effect by the running airflow is also obtained, with the result of a high oil cooling efficiency.  
         [0056]    (3) The oil is supplied to a substantially central portion of the main gallery, which extends in the left-right direction, and the oil pressure supplied to individual bearing portions, dispersively arranged in the left-right direction, is made uniform and stable. Since the oil cooled by the oil cooler is supplied uniformly to the individual bearing portions, the bearing portions are cooled uniformly.  
         [0057]    (4) It is possible to appropriately maintain a weight balance in the left-right direction of the internal combustion engine since the oil cooler and the balancer are both disposed at a front central portion of the internal combustion engine.  
         [0058]    Although the present invention has been described herein with respect to a limited number of presently preferred embodiments, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art will realize that many modifications of the preferred embodiment could be made which would be operable. All such modifications, are within the scope of the claims, are intended to be within the scope and spirit of the present invention.