Abstract:
A linear pipe adapted to selectively receive a desired smoking substance and contain said substance in a smoldering/smoking state such that a user can selectively smoke the substance. In some embodiments the pipe can include a retaining cap adapted to further contain the smoking substance. In some embodiments the exterior of the linear pipe can include various adornments to effect a desired appearance.

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY 
       [0001]    The following application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/038,831, filed Mar. 24, 2008, the complete contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present disclosure relates to the field of smoking devices and kits, specifically a pipe for use with loose or packed tobacco, and a kit comprising the pipe and a variety of tobacco products. 
         [0004]    2. Background 
         [0005]    Tobacco smoking has been enjoyed by humans for thousands of years and is a favorite pastime for some. Tobacco can be enjoyed in the form of loose leaves, cigars, and cigarettes, among other forms. Pipes have been utilized as a traditional method of smoking loose tobacco leaves; however it can be difficult or impossible to use other forms of tobacco with the pipe smoking systems that are currently on the market. Moreover, if one desires to smoke only a small portion of pre-packed tobacco, such as a cigar or cigarette, the lit tobacco must be put out and relit at a later time, a method that can prove inconvenient or undesirable. For example, many cigars are sold pre-wrapped in order to maintain freshness, smell, and flavor. Thus, if only a small portion is smoked, the smoker must find a way to re-wrap the cigar in order to preserve its quality, a task that can be difficult, inconvenient, or impossible. 
         [0006]    There are also many instances where a person prefers to try a certain type or flavor of packed tobacco without buying or using an entire cigar. It is desirable to be able to use truncated portions of cigars and cigarettes, in addition to loose tobacco leaves, with a pipe device. However, there are no devices that can effectively accomplish this goal. As a result, few cigar or cigarette retailers will sell individual truncated portions of rolled tobacco. 
         [0007]    Currently, most pipes have a “L” shape such that tobacco can be packed into and stored in a smoking chamber that remains substantially vertical when a user is actively engaged in smoking. Such a design creates problems with cleaning due to the bend in the tube between the tobacco chamber and end through which the user draws the smoke. Most pipes are designed with the vertical component to prevent the tobacco from falling out of the end of the pipe. Commonly, tobacco burns in a non-uniform manner, causing a non-uniform flow of smoke through traditional pipes. Most pipes lack a separate smoke chamber that can collect and evenly distribute smoke prior to entering a user&#39;s mouth. 
         [0008]    It is desirable to have a smoking pipe that is substantially linear. In some instances, a pipe should resemble the size, color, and/or texture of a cigar. The pipe should have a compartment for housing a portion of a smokable substance, such as a cigar piece, and a cap to prevent the substance from falling out of the pipe. It is also desirable to have a smoke chamber that allows smoke to collect and distribute evenly prior to entering a user&#39;s mouth. The pipe should have at least one filter to prevent large particles from entering a user&#39;s mouth. It may also be desirable to have a removable and/or disposable mouthpiece. In some embodiments, it can be desirable to have small metal filaments at one end of the pipe that, when heated, can produce a glow similar to the lit end of traditional cigar or cigarette. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]      FIG. 1  depicts a longitudinal cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present device. 
           [0010]      FIG. 2  depicts a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present device, showing a mouthpiece and second tubular member as permanently coupled with a first tubular member. 
           [0011]      FIG. 3  depicts a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the present device, showing two filter members. 
           [0012]      FIG. 4  depicts a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the proximal end of an embodiment of the present device, showing a detachable mouthpiece. 
           [0013]      FIG. 5  depicts a view of one surface of a filter member. 
           [0014]      FIG. 6  depicts a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present device, showing a detachable second tubular member and a detachable retaining cap. 
           [0015]      FIG. 7  depicts a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present device, showing the addition of filament members to a detachable retaining cap. 
           [0016]      FIG. 8  depicts a front surface view of several embodiments of a detachable retaining cap. 
           [0017]      FIG. 9  depicts a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the proximal end of one embodiment of the present device, showing a carburetion aperture. 
           [0018]      FIG. 10  depicts a side view of an embodiment of the present device. 
           [0019]      FIG. 11  depicts a top view of an embodiment of a kit comprising the present device, several portions of smokable products, and a lighter. 
           [0020]      FIG. 12  depicts a method for producing and selling truncated cigar pieces. 
           [0021]      FIG. 13  depicts a method for creating a cigar kit. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0022]      FIG. 1  depicts a longitudinal cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a smoking pipe  100 . A pipe  100  can comprise a mouthpiece end  106  and an air intake end  114 . A mouthpiece end  106  and an air intake end  114  can be operatively coupled such that if a suction source is applied to the mouthpiece end  106 , suction is applied at the air intake end  114 , generating a suction force in the direction of the mouthpiece end  106 . 
         [0023]    A pipe  100  can further comprise a first tubular member  102  having a proximal end located at or near the mouthpiece end  106 , and a distal end located at or near the air intake end  114 . A substantially centrally located bore  122  can extend through both the proximal and distal ends of the first tubular member  102 . A first tubular member  102  can have a circular or elliptical cross-section, or can have any other known and/or convenient geometry. Likewise, a bore  122  can have a circular or elliptical cross-section, or can have any other known and/or convenient geometry. The diameter of a bore  122  through a first tubular member  102  can be uniform in size along the entire length of the first tubular member  102 . In other embodiments, the diameter of a bore  122  at one point along the length of a first tubular member  102  can have a different size than the diameter at another point. By way of non-limiting example,  FIG. 1  illustrates a bore  122  having uniform diameter size along a substantial portion of the length of a first tubular member  102 , but proximate to the air intake end  114  of a pipe  100 , the diameter of the bore  122  increases in size to define a smoke chamber  110 . In alternate embodiments, a bore  122  can have any other known and/or convenient geometry. 
         [0024]    A first tubular member  102  can be made of a rigid or semi-rigid material or combinations of materials.  FIG. 1  depicts a first tubular member  102  comprised of ceramic, however in alternate embodiments the material can be glass, metal, wood, polymer or any other known and/or convenient material or combination of materials. A first tubular member  102  also be made of insulating material to maintain the temperature within a pipe  100  and/or prevent excessive heat transfer to a user&#39;s hand. Moreover, the surface of a first tubular member  102  can have insulating properties, such as being coated with a layer of heat-resistant silicone to prevent heat transfer to a user&#39;s hand. In other embodiments, the surface of a first tubular member  102  can have ridges, protrusions, or any other known and/or convenient surface characteristic that can provide desired anti-slip and/or aesthetic qualities. In yet other embodiments, the surface of a first tubular member  102  can have anti-bacterial properties. A first tubular member  102  can be substantially brown in color to resemble a cigar, as described below, or can have any other known and/or convenient color or combination of colors. 
         [0025]    A second tubular member  104  can be coupled with a first tubular member  102  proximate to the air intake end  114  of a pipe  100 . The exterior diameter of a second tubular member  104  can be substantially similar to the exterior diameter of a first tubular member  102 , as shown in  FIG. 1 . In some embodiments, the exterior diameter of a second tubular member  104  can be substantially similar to the interior diameter of a second tubular member  104 , defining a thin wall in comparison to the wall of a first tubular member  102 . In other embodiments, the walls of first and second tubular members  102   104  can be substantially similar in thickness. As depicted in  FIG. 1 , the wall of a second tubular member  102  can define a substance chamber  112  adapted to frictionally engage a desired smokable substance  600 . By way of non-limiting example and as shown in  FIG. 6 , a smokable substance  600  housed within a second tubular member  104  can be a truncated portion of a cigar. In other embodiments, a smokable substance  600  can be a portion of a cigarette, loose tobacco, or any other known and/or desired substance dimensioned to fit within the walls of a second tubular member  104 . 
         [0026]    A second tubular member  104  can be made of a rigid or semi-rigid material or combinations of materials.  FIG. 1  depicts a second tubular member  104  comprised of ceramic, however in alternate embodiments the material can be glass, metal, wood, polymer or any other known and/or convenient material or combination of materials. First and second tubular members  102   104  can be made of the same material or combination of materials, or can be comprised of different materials. Moreover, the surface of a second tubular member  104  can have insulating properties, such as being coated with a layer of heat-resistant silicone to prevent heat transfer to a user&#39;s hand. In other embodiments, the surface of a second tubular member  104  can have ridges, protrusions, or any other known and/or convenient surface characteristic that can provide desired anti-slip and/or aesthetic qualities. In yet other embodiments, the surface of a second tubular member  104  can have anti-bacterial properties. A second tubular member  104  can be substantially brown in color to resemble a cigar, as described below, and/or can be the same color as a first tubular member  102 . In other embodiments, a second tubular member  104  can have any other known and/or convenient color or combination of colors. 
         [0027]    The proximal end of a second tubular member  104  can be coupled with the distal end of a first tubular member  102  in a selectively detachable manner via a first set of complementary fastening components  118 . In  FIG. 1 , first and second tubular members  102   104  are coupled via complementary threaded members  118 , with the first tubular member  102  being coupled with a female fastening member  118 , and the second tubular member  104  being coupled with a male fastening member  118 . In other embodiments, first and second tubular members  102   104  can be detachably coupled via a press-fit mechanism or any other known and/or convenient manner and/or mechanism for detachably coupling first and second tubular members  102   104 . In other embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 2 , first and second tubular members  102   104  can be permanently coupled. 
         [0028]    The interior surface of a second tubular member  104  can be coupled with a first filter member  108  that can prevent large, unwanted particles of a smokable substance from entering a smoke chamber  110  and a bore  122 . In some embodiments and as shown in  FIG. 1 , a filter member  108  can be positioned close to the proximal end of a second tubular member  104  such that the smoke of a burning smokable substance  600  can pass through the filter member  108  when in use. As shown in  FIG. 5 , a filter member  108  can comprise a metal meshwork, the openings of which can be any known and/or convenient size. In other embodiments, a filter member can be made of heat-resistant plastic or any other known and/or convenient material or combination of materials. A filter member  108  can be substantially planar or can have curved surfaces. A filter member  108  can also be comprised of one meshwork layer, or can be comprised of a plurality of parallel meshwork layers. A filter member  108  can be permanently coupled with a second tubular member  104 , or can be removable for disposal or cleaning purposes. A filter member  108  can be a single-use, disposable component, or can be used multiple times. Moreover, a filter member  108  can be embedded with any desired flavoring to impart flavor in the smoke when a pipe  100  is in use. 
         [0029]    At least one support component  116  can be coupled with a second tubular member  104  in order to prevent unwanted movement or shifting of a filter member  108 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , support components  116  can be small spherical members permanently coupled with the interior wall of a second tubular member  104 , which prevent the filter member  108  from moving toward the proximal end of the second tubular member  104 . In other embodiments, at least one support component  116  can have any other known and/or convenient geometry, and can be located at any other known and/or convenient point within a pipe  100 . 
         [0030]    As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , a pipe  100  can comprise a second filter member  108  coupled with a first tubular member  102  and extending through a latitudinal plane of the pipe  100 . As shown in  FIG. 7 , a second tubular member  104  can be devoid of filter members  108 , and a first tubular member  102  can comprise a first filter member  108  located at the proximal end of a smoke chamber  110 . In other embodiments, a pipe  100  can comprise any other known and/or convenient number of filter members  108  at any known and/or convenient locations within a pipe  100 . 
         [0031]    A pipe  100  can further comprise a mouthpiece  120  coupled with the proximal end of a first tubular member  102 . A bore  122  can extend through a mouthpiece  120 , forming an opening such that a user can create suction through the pipe  100  in the direction of the mouthpiece end  106 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , a mouthpiece  120  can have a substantially rounded shape. In other embodiments, such as in  FIG. 2 , a mouthpiece can have a substantially conical geometry. In alternate embodiments, a mouthpiece  120  can have any other known and/or convenient geometry. 
         [0032]    As depicted in  FIGS. 1-3 , a mouthpiece  120  can be permanently coupled with a first tubular member  102 . In other embodiments, and as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , a mouthpiece  120  can be detachably coupled with a first tubular member  102  via a second set of complementary fastening components  118 . In  FIG. 4 , a first tubular member  102  is coupled with a male threaded member  118  adapted to mate with the female threaded member  118  coupled with the mouthpiece  120 . In other embodiments, a mouthpiece  120  can be detachably coupled with a first tubular member  102  via a press-fit mechanism or any other known and/or convenient mechanism or method. 
         [0033]    A mouthpiece  120  can be made of ceramic, metal, plastic, glass, cardboard, polymer or any other known and/or convenient type of material or combination of materials. A mouthpiece  120  and first tubular member  102  can be comprised of the same material or combination of materials, or can be made of different materials. The material of a mouthpiece  120  can be food-grade and/or can have anti-bacterial properties. Moreover, a mouthpiece  120  can be reusable and/or washable, or can be disposable and/or single-use. In some embodiments, a first tubular member  102  can be adapted to mate with interchangeable mouthpieces  120  having a variety of sizes and geometries. 
         [0034]    A bore  122  in a first tubular member  102  can define a smoke chamber  110  at one end, as shown in  FIGS. 1-3 ,  6 - 7 . A smoke chamber  110  can have curved walls adapted to collect smoke from a burning smokable substance  600  and allow it to evenly distribute before it funnels into the rest of a bore  122  and flows through a mouthpiece  120 . In other embodiments, a smoke chamber  110  can have any other known and/or convenient geometry. 
         [0035]    As explained above, a second tubular member  104  can define a substance chamber  112  adapted to hold a smokable substance  600 . As shown in  FIG. 6 , the air intake end  114  of a pipe  100  can further comprise a retaining cap  602  that can detachably couple with the distal end of a second tubular member  104 . A retaining cap  602  can be adapted to prevent a smokable substance  600  from falling out of a pipe  100 , while still allowing air to flow through the air intake end  114  when suction is applied. 
         [0036]      FIG. 8  illustrates a front surface view of several embodiments of a retaining cap  602 . In one embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 8   a , a retaining cap  602  can be comprised of a meshwork  800 . In another embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 8   b , a retaining cap  602  can have a plurality of small circular apertures  802 . In yet another embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 8   c , a retaining cap  602  can have one aperture positioned substantially through its center. In alternate embodiments, a retaining cap  602  can have any other known and/or convenient geometry or characteristics appropriate for retaining a smokable substance  600  within a second tubular member  104  while also allowing air to pass through. 
         [0037]    A retaining cap  602  can be made of ceramic, metal, glass, wood, cardboard, polymer or any other known and/or convenient material or combination of materials. A retaining cap  602  can be made of the same material as at least one of a first tubular member  102 , second tubular member  104 , and mouthpiece  120 . In addition, a retaining cap  602  can have any known and/or convenient color, or any known and/or convenient surface characteristics. 
         [0038]    A retaining cap  602  can be detachably coupled with a second tubular member  104  via a third set of complementary fastening components  118 . In  FIG. 6 , complementary fastening components  118  are male and female threaded members. In other embodiments, a retaining cap  602  and second tubular member  104  can be coupled via a press-fit mechanism or any other known and/or convenient method or mechanism. 
         [0039]      FIG. 7  depicts another embodiment of a pipe  100 . The air intake end  114  can be coupled with a plurality of small metal filaments that can emit visible electromagnetic waves when heated to a desired temperature. By way of non-limiting example, at high temperatures, nickel-chromium wire can produce a yellow-orange glow similar to the color produced by the end of a burning cigar or cigarette. Thus, when properly positioned, a plurality of small metal filaments coupled with the air intake end  114  of a pipe  100  can substantially mimic the end of a burning cigar or cigarette. In  FIG. 7 , a plurality of metal filaments  700  are coupled with and substantially perpendicular to a retaining cap  602 . These metal filaments  700  also extend slightly past the air intake end  114  of the pipe  100 , but in other embodiments they can be entirely contained within a retaining cap  602 . The metal filaments  700  shown in  FIG. 7  are coupled with a retaining cap  602  via attachment to a meshwork, however in other embodiments metal filaments  700  can be coupled with the air intake end  114  of a pipe  100  in any other known and/or convenient manner. 
         [0040]    A first tubular member  102  can further comprise a carburetion aperture  900  extending from the exterior of the first tubular member  102  through to the bore  122 , as depicted in  FIG. 9 . A carburetion aperture  900  can allow a user to control the amount of air that can be mixed with smoke from a smokable substance  600  in a bore  122  prior to entering the mouth of a user. A carburetion aperture  900  can be located at any convenient point along the length of a first tubular member  102 . In some embodiments, as shown in  FIG. 9 , a carburetion aperture  900  can be coupled with a hinged cover  902  that can be used to selectively allow passage of air through the carburetion aperture  900 . In other embodiments, a cover  902  can be slidably coupled with a carburetion aperture  900 . In yet alternate embodiments, a cover  902  can be a plug that can tightly fit within a carburetion aperture  900  to block the passage of air. A user can also use a finger as a cover  902  to selectively block the opening of a carburetion aperture  900 . In other embodiments, a cover  902  can be any other known and/or convenient mechanism for selectively blocking the passage of air through a carburetion aperture  902 . 
         [0041]      FIG. 10  depicts a side perspective view of a pipe  100 . A label  1001  can be positioned over the surface of a smoking pipe  100  substantially proximate to a mouthpiece end  106 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , a label  1001  can extend around the entire circumference of a pipe  100 . In other embodiments, a label  1001  can extend only partially around the circumference, and/or can be positioned at any other location along the exterior of the pipe  100 . At least one label  1001  can be positioned such that it can conceal a joint between a first tubular member  102  and one or both of a mouthpiece  120  and a second tubular member  104 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , a label  1001  can be partially permanently coupled with a first tubular member  102 , and the underside of a label  1001  can be a complementary fastening component  118  adapted to mate with a mouthpiece  120  in a press-fit fashion. In other embodiments, a mouthpiece  120  can mate with a label  1001  in a screw-on manner, or via any other known and/or convenient mechanism. 
         [0042]    A label  1001  can be permanently or temporarily coupled with a pipe  100 . In some embodiments, a label  1001  can be made of paper and can be bonded to a pipe  100  using adhesive. In other embodiments, a label  1001  can be made of flexible metal, polymer, cardboard, or any other known and/or convenient material. In some embodiments, a label can be comprised of insulating material, such as silicone, in order to provide a heat-resistant barrier between a user&#39;s fingers and the pipe  100 . A label  1001  can also have ridges, indentations, or protrusions that can prevent a user&#39;s fingers from easily slipping from the label  1001 . In yet other embodiments, a label  1001  can have anti-bacterial properties. A plurality of labels  1001  can be interchangeable and can depict identifying information and/or any desired images. In addition, labels  1001  can have any color or combination of colors. 
         [0043]    As shown in  FIG. 11 , a smoking kit  1101  can comprise a container  1102 , a smoking pipe  100  and a plurality of smokable substances  600 . In some embodiments a kit  1101  can further comprise a spark-producing device  1104  that can be used in conjunction with the smoking pipe and smokable substances  600 . As illustrated in  FIG. 11 , a container  1102  can have a plurality of compartments  1106 , each compartment  1106  adapted to house at least one of a plurality of smoking substances  600 , a pipe  100 , and a spark-producing device  1104 . In some embodiments, a container  1102  can have one large compartment  1106  that can hold all components of the kit  1101 . A plurality of smoking substances  600  can be truncated cigar pieces, cigarette pieces, loose tobacco, or any other known and/or convenient substance that can be burned and the smoke subsequently inhaled by a user. In some embodiments of a kit  1101 , at least one smoking substance  600  can be of a different type than another smoking substance  600 . By way of non-limiting example, smoking substances  600  can all be cigar pieces, but at least one cigar piece can have a different flavor than at least one other cigar piece. In other embodiments, smoking substances  600  can be a variety of cigar pieces and portions of loose tobacco. In alternate embodiments, a kit  1101  can have any other known and/or convenient composition of smoking substance  600 . 
         [0044]    A pipe  100  can be constructed to resemble a traditional cigar. First, a bore  122  can be formed through a piece of elongated material, creating a first tubular member  102 . Second, a mouthpiece  120  can either be formed from and integral with the proximal end of the first tubular member  102 , or can be made as a separate component that is subsequently permanently bonded to or detachably coupled with the proximal end of the first tubular member  102 . Third, a second tubular member  102  can either be formed from and integral with the distal end of the first tubular member  102 , or can be made as a separate component that is subsequently permanently bonded to or detachably coupled with the distal end of the first tubular member  102 . Fourth, at least one piece of brown paper product, such as from a grocery bag, can be at least partially immersed in an adhesive mixture, such as but not limited to lacquer mixed with water. The brown paper product can then be applied to one end of the surface of a pipe  100  and wrapped around the circumference of the pipe  100  while moving toward the other end of the pipe  100  in a continuous manner, creating the wrapped effect shown in  FIG. 10 . This can create the appearance of a traditional cigar that is wrapped in tobacco leaves. In some embodiments, the brown paper product can be a single elongated strip that is applied to a pipe  100  in the aforementioned manner. A label  1001  can then be applied in any known and/or convenient manner, if desired. The above process is not limiting, and a pipe  100  can be made in any other known and/or convenient manner. 
         [0045]    The exterior surface of a pipe  100  can have substantially the same color and/or texture as a traditional cigar, as explained above. In other embodiments, a pipe  100  can have substantially the same appearance as a cigarette. In yet other embodiments, the exterior surface of a pipe  100  can have any other known and/or convenient surface texture and/or color or combination of colors. A pipe  100  can be painted a solid color or can have painted designs and/or patterns. As explained above, a pipe  100  can be at least partially covered with brown paper product and adhesive, but in other embodiments a pipe  100  can be covered with different colored paper products or foil. In some embodiments, a mold can be used to simultaneously form a pipe  100  and create the desired surface texture and/or characteristics. Moreover, a pipe  100  can be made of a brown-colored material, thus eliminating the need to apply paint, paper, or any other products to make the pipe  100  resemble a traditional cigar. A pipe  100  can also be embellished with studs, gems, or any other known and/or convenient type of embellishment. 
         [0046]    In a retail context, truncated cigar portions can be sold for use in suitable smoking devices, as shown in  FIG. 12 . First, a person can procure at least one whole cigar  1201 . Second, the cigar can be cut into small cylindrical members adapted to fit within the substance chamber of a desired smoking device  1202 . Third, a merchant can sell the truncated cigar pieces individually  1204  and/or in packages containing a plurality of cigar pieces  1206 . 
         [0047]    In some embodiments and as shown in  FIG. 13 , a consumer and/or user can first select a container adapted to accommodate a plurality of truncated cigar portions  1301 . Second, a consumer and/or user can select desired cigar pieces  1302  and purchase them from a merchant  1304 . Third, the cigar pieces can be placed in the appropriate compartments of the chosen suitable container, thus creating a cigar kit  1306 . A user can also store a desired smoking device, adapted to accommodate the cigar pieces, and a spark-producing device in the same container  1308 . 
         [0048]    In use, a smokable substance  600  can be inserted into a substance chamber  112  of a second tubular member  104 . The proximal end of a second tubular member  104  can then be coupled with the distal end of a first tubular member  102  via a first set of complementary fastening components  118 . A mouthpiece  120  can be coupled with the proximal end of a first tubular member  102  via a second set of complementary fastening components  118 . When a user is ready to smoke the smokable substance  600 , a flame or spark can be applied to the smokable substance  600  through the distal end of a second tubular member  104 . Once lit, a retaining cap  602  can then be coupled with the distal end of a second tubular member  104  via a third set of complementary fastening components  118 , thereby holding in place the burning smokable substance  600 . A user can then bring the mouthpiece end  106  of the pipe  100  in contact with the mouth and inhale or otherwise produce a suction force in the direction of the mouth. This action causes the smoke from the smokable substance  600  to travel through a filter member  108  into a smoke chamber  110 , through a bore  122 , and into the mouth of the user. 
         [0049]    In the foregoing specification, the embodiments have been described with reference to specific elements thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the embodiments. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.