Abstract:
A method, system, computer program product, and related business methods are described in the context of a web-based business information system having an internal e-mail facility, wherein e-mail communications between a native e-mail system of an end user of the web-based business information system and an external contact are facilitated and automatically tracked by the web-based business information system, the native e-mail system lying outside the web-based business information system but often being preferred by the end user over the internal e-mail facility of the web-based business information system. The described preferred embodiments provide for easy-to-use, reasonably transparent, “no-click” integration of the web-based business information system with the end user&#39;s native e-mail system in a manner that is independent of the particular type and choice of native e-mail system.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/796,718, filed Mar. 8, 2004, titled “INTEGRATING A WEB-BASED BUSINESS APPLICATION WITH EXISTING CLIENT-SIDE ELECTRONIC MAIL SYSTEMS” and having attorney docket number 91777-746676 (formerly 027385-000200US), the contents of which are hereby incorporated in their entirety by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0002]    This patent specification relates to web-based business applications. More particularly, this patent specification relates to a method, system, computer program product, and related business methods for integrating a web-based business application with a broad variety of client-side electronic mail systems. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    The ability of business users to manage crucial business information has been greatly enhanced by the proliferation of IP-based networking together with advances in object oriented Web-based programming and browser technology. Using these advancements, systems have been developed that permit web-based access to business information systems, thereby allowing any user with a browser and an Internet or intranet connection to view, enter, or modify the required business information. 
         [0004]    As used herein, the term web-based business application or web-based business information system generally refers to a business software system having browser-based access such that an end user requires only a browser and an Internet/intranet connection on their desktop, laptop, network appliance, PDA, etc., to obtain substantially complete access to that system. Examples of web-based business applications include those described in the commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No. 10/406,915 and U.S. Ser. No. 10/665,308, each of which is incorporated by reference herein. Further examples of web-based business applications include application service provider (ASP) hosted services provided by NetSuite, Inc. of San Mateo, Calif. such as NetSuite™, Oracle® Small Business Suite, NetCRM™, and NetERP™. A further example of a web-based business application is discussed in the literature referencing the web-based business application maintained by Salesforce.Com, Inc. of San Francisco, Calif. Web-based business applications can also be implemented using non-ASP models having different hosting mechanisms, such as with self-hosted systems in which a business enterprise operates and maintains its own private, captive business information system having browser-based access across an intranet and/or the Internet. As described in the above-reference patent applications, a commercial enterprise can achieve many functional and strategic advantages by using a web-based business information system comprising integrated ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), and other business capabilities. 
         [0005]    One factor that can affect the success of a web-based business information system relates to the degree to which it can integrate with the native e-mail system of the end user. As used herein, the term “native” e-mail system refers to an end user&#39;s conventional e-mail application or e-mail service lying outside the web-based business information system itself. Although a web-based business information system may itself offer an internal e-mail utility, with messages being sent and received by the end user from within that system&#39;s browser window, it is very common for end users to have a preferred native e-mail system. The end user&#39;s native e-mail system can be a dedicated e-mail application running on the end user&#39;s computer (e.g., Outlook, Eudora, etc.) that interacts with an e-mail server, or can alternatively be a web-hosted e-mail service (e.g. Yahoo!Mail, Hotmail, etc.) having browser-based access. As used herein, the term “client-side” e-mail system also refers to a native e-mail system, because even web-hosted e-mail services can be thought of as “client-side” applications relative to the web-based business information system that is being accessed by the end user. By way of further terminology clarification, as used herein, the term “system user” can be used synonymously with “end user”, both referring to the person who is using the web-based business information system. 
         [0006]    By way of further clarifying example, a hypothetical company Company_X might subscribe to a web-based business information system from a hypothetical ASP service provider “WebCRM.” With respect to the web-based business information system&#39;s internal mail utility, an employee Employee_A of Company_X would typically have an e-mail address of employee_a.company_x@webcrm.com. If Company_X has its own domain “company_x.com,” then Employee_A would also typically have a native e-mail system such as Outlook and a native e-mail address of employee_a@company_x.com. Alternatively, Company_X might require its employees to fend for themselves with regard to e-mail, whereby Employee_A′s native e-mail system could be the Yahoo!Mail service, with Employee_A′s native e-mail address being employee_a657@yahoo.com. 
         [0007]    Especially in the context of CRM functionality, but also in other contexts such as supplier and vendor management, it is desirable for a business software system to accommodate orderly tracking of e-mail communications between end users and their external contacts. As used herein, an external contact generally refers to an e-mail location lying outside the domain of the web-based business information system, e.g., outside the domain “webcrm.com” in the above example. Typical examples of external contacts include customers, sales leads, partners, vendors, suppliers, and the like. However, external contacts can also include co-workers of the end user when they are contacted at their native e-mail address, e.g., employee_b@company_x.com. 
         [0008]    Tracking of an e-mail communication refers to the creation of at least one record or metadata object that can be used to facilitate future reference to the contents of that communication from within the web-based business information system. Tracking methods can range from simple schemes generating flat-file listings on a per-end user, per-recipient basis to more complex schemes involving message content analysis and indexing. 
         [0009]    Generally speaking, known prior art web-based business information systems can effectively track e-mail communications between an end user and their external contacts only for communications arising directly out of the system&#39;s internal e-mail utility. If the end user instantiates an e-mail thread with an external contact from their native e-mail system, that information is not automatically tracked by the web-based business information system. In such case, manual inputs such as event creation and cut-and-paste operations are required to get those communications into the web-based business information system, which is highly undesirable. 
         [0010]    Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide a web-based business information system that is capable of automatically tracking e-mail communications between an end user and an external contact while allowing the end user to utilize their preferred native e-mail system for at least a portion of those communications. 
         [0011]    It would be further desirable to provide a web-based business information system having such automated e-mail tracking ability that is functional across a wide variety of different native e-mail systems, including both dedicated e-mail application software and web-based e-mail services. 
         [0012]    It would be still further desirable to provide a web-based business information system having such automated e-mail tracking ability that does not rely upon specialized software, such as browser plug-ins, at the end user computer. 
         [0013]    It would be even further desirable to provide a web-based business information system that can automatically track such e-mail communications regardless of the external contact&#39;s e-mail system type. 
         [0014]    It would be even further desirable to provide a web-based business information system in which any artifacts associated with such automated tracking would be reasonably transparent to the external contact. 
         [0015]    It would be still further desirable to provide such tracking capability in a web-based business information system that has security safeguards against tampering or other compromise of the requisite tracking information. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0016]    A method, system, computer program product, and related business methods are provided in the context of a web-based business information system having an internal e-mail facility, wherein e-mail communications between a native e-mail system of an end user of the web-based business information system and an external contact are facilitated and automatically tracked by the web-based business information system, the native e-mail system lying outside the web-based business information system but often being preferred by the end user over its internal e-mail facility. A local part of a REPLY-TO field of an initial e-mail message sent from the internal e-mail facility to the external contact includes a tracking string encoding tracking information associated with the end user and the external contact with respect to the web-based business information system. A domain of the REPLY-TO field of the initial e-mail message corresponds to a domain of the internal mail facility. The external contact presses “reply” in their e-mail application and sends a first reply e-mail message having a TO field that includes the tracking string. Upon receipt of the first reply e-mail message, the web-based business information system sends a modified version thereof to the native e-mail address of the end user, the modified version having a REPLY-TO field with a domain corresponding to the domain of the internal e-mail facility and a local part including a first modified version of the tracking string. The end user presses “reply” in the native e-mail application and sends a second reply e-mail message having a TO field that includes the first modified version of the tracking string. Upon receipt of the second reply e-mail message, the web-based business information system sends a modified version thereof to the native e-mail address of the external contact, the modified version having a REPLY-TO field with a domain corresponding to the domain of the internal e-mail facility and a local part including a second modified version of the tracking string, and the process can be repeated. 
         [0017]    In an alternative preferred embodiment, the FROM field can be used rather than the REPLY-TO field to carry the tracking string information. In still other preferred embodiments, other thread-recurrent e-mail fields can be used. The web-based business information system automatically archives the above e-mail messages and automatically tracks them according to the contents of the tracking strings and various predetermined profiles associated with the end user and/or the external contact. The described preferred embodiments provide for easy-to-use, reasonably transparent, “no-click” integration of the web-based business information system with the end user&#39;s native e-mail system in a manner that is independent of the particular type and choice of native e-mail system. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]      FIG. 1  illustrates a conceptual diagram of a computer network including an enterprise network and a web-based business information system according to a preferred embodiment; 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  illustrates a conceptual diagram of the web-based business information system of  FIG. 1  as related to its integration with native e-mail applications according to a preferred embodiment; 
           [0020]      FIG. 3A  illustrates steps of a method for electronic mail tracking in a web-based business information system environment according to a preferred embodiment; 
           [0021]      FIG. 3B  illustrates the contents of TO, FROM, and REPLY-TO message header fields corresponding to an e-mail thread generated by an end user&#39;s native e-mail system, an external contact&#39;s native e-mail system, and the web-based business information system of  FIG. 1  as integrated therewith according to a preferred embodiment; 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  illustrates a “Customer” screen of the web-based business information system; 
           [0023]      FIG. 5  illustrates e-mail messaging screens corresponding to an internal mail utility of the web-based business information system; 
           [0024]      FIG. 6  illustrates a messages tab of the Customer screen of  FIG. 4  comprising a log of an e-mail thread between an end user and an external contact tracked according to a preferred embodiment; 
           [0025]      FIGS. 7-9  illustrate screens of a native e-mail system of an external contact; 
           [0026]      FIG. 10  illustrates a message header and body received by a native e-mail system of an end user; 
           [0027]      FIG. 11  illustrates a messages tab of the Customer screen of  FIG. 4  comprising a log of an e-mail thread between an end user and an external contact tracked according to a preferred embodiment; 
           [0028]      FIG. 12  illustrates screens of an end user&#39;s native e-mail system; 
           [0029]      FIG. 13  illustrates a messages tab of the Customer screen of  FIG. 4  comprising a log of an e-mail thread between an end user and an external contact tracked according to a preferred embodiment; 
           [0030]      FIGS. 14-15  illustrate screens of a native e-mail system of an external contact; 
           [0031]      FIG. 16  illustrates a message header and body received by a native e-mail system of an end user; 
           [0032]      FIG. 17  illustrates a messages tab of the Customer screen of  FIG. 4  comprising a log of an e-mail thread between an end user and an external contact tracked according to a preferred embodiment; 
           [0033]      FIG. 18  illustrates screens of an end user&#39;s native e-mail system; 
           [0034]      FIG. 19  illustrates a messages tab of the Customer screen of  FIG. 4  comprising a log of an e-mail thread between an end user and an external contact tracked according to a preferred embodiment; and 
           [0035]      FIG. 20  illustrates a screen of a native e-mail system of an external contact. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0036]      FIG. 1  illustrates a conceptual diagram of a network  100  including a web-based business information system  102  and an enterprise network  104  into which the features and advantages of one or more preferred embodiments may be realized. Enterprise network  104  is associated generally with a business enterprise that may be as small as a single-employee sole proprietorship or as large as a multinational corporation having many different facilities and internal networks spread across many continents. Alternatively, and in accordance with the advantages of an application service provider (ASP) model, the business enterprise may comprise no dedicated facilities or business network at all, provided that its end users have access to an internet browser and an internet connection. For simplicity and clarity of explanation, the enterprise network  104  is simply represented by an on-site local area network  106  to which a plurality of personal computers  108  is connected, each generally dedicated to a particular end user although such dedication is not required, along with an exemplary remote user computer  110  that can be, for example, a laptop computer of a traveling employee having internet access through a hotel, coffee shop, a public Wi-Fi access point, or other internet access modality. The end users associated with computers  108  and  110  may also each possess a personal digital assistant (PDA) such as a Blackberry, Palm, Handspring, or other PDA unit having wireless internet access and/or cradle-based synchronization capabilities. Users of the enterprise network  104  interface with the web-based business information system  102  across the Internet  112 . 
         [0037]    Web-based business information system  102 , which in this example is a dedicated third party ASP, comprises an integrated business server  114  and a web server  116  coupled as shown in  FIG. 1 . It is to be appreciated that either or both of the integrated business server  114  and the web server  116  may actually be implemented on several different hardware systems and components even though represented as singular units in  FIG. 1 . Integrated business server  114  comprises an ERP functionality as represented by ERP module  118 , and further comprises a CRM functionality as represented by CRM module  120 . It is to be appreciated that identification herein of business functionalities with modules does not limit the scope of the preferred embodiments to segregated units thereof. In many preferred embodiments the ERP module  118  may share methods, libraries, databases, subroutines, variables, etc., with CRM module  120 , and indeed ERP module  118  may be intertwined with CRM module  120  into a larger integrated code set without departing from the scope of the preferred embodiments. 
         [0038]    It is to be appreciated that  FIG. 1  is a simplified conceptual illustration presented so as to clearly describe the preferred embodiments herein. A variety of computing, storage, and networking hardware associated with the enterprise network  104  and the web-based business information system  102 , such as e-mail servers, databases, application servers, internet gateways, internal and external routers, security devices, internet service provider facilities, and related software protocols and methods necessary for operation are known in the art and need not be detailed here. Examples of such known computing, storage, and networking hardware can be found, for example, in US2002/0152399A1 and US2002/0169797A1, which are incorporated by reference herein. Similarly, in view of the present disclosure, a person skilled in the art would be able to construct software packages capable of achieving the business data communication, presentation, input, editing, e-mail archiving, and rules-based e-mail tracking functionalities described herein without undue experimentation, using publicly available programming tools and software development platforms. 
         [0039]    In a preferred embodiment similar to NetSuite™, supra, the ERP module  118  comprises an accounting module, an order processing module, a time and billing module, an inventory management module, an employee management and payroll module, a calendaring and collaboration module, a reporting and analysis module, and other ERP-related modules. The CRM module  120  comprises a sales force automation (SFA) module, a marketing automation module, a contact list module (not shown), a call center support module, a web-based customer support module, a reporting and analysis module, and other CRM-related modules. The integrated business server further  114  further provides other business functionalities including a web store/e-commerce module  122 , a partner and vendor management module  124 , and an integrated reporting module  130 . These functionalities are seamlessly integrated and executed by a single code base accessing one or more integrated databases as necessary. In another preferred embodiment, an SCM module  126  and PLM module  128  is provided. Web server  116  is configured and adapted to interface with the integrated business server  114  to provide web-based user interfaces to end users of the enterprise network  104 . Version 9.0 of the NetSuite™ product line, which was placed on public sale by NetSuite, Inc. of San Mateo in September 2003, represents one example of a web-based business information system with native e-mail integration according one or more of the preferred embodiments described herein. 
         [0040]    In an alternative preferred embodiment (not shown), one or more of the above business modules may be implemented by functionally separate servers and/or platforms that communicate with each other and with an integration server (not shown) over a LAN, a WAN, or the Internet. Protocols that may be used to facilitate inter-server communications include smbXML and qbXML. 
         [0041]    It is to be appreciated that the scope of the preferred embodiments is not limited to the scenario of  FIG. 1  in which the web-based business information system  102  is an integration of many different business functionalities. In other preferred embodiments, the web-based business information system  102  may have a single business management functionality, e.g., it may consist only of an SFA system, or only of a vendor management system. In still other preferred embodiments, the web-based business information system  102  may comprise different combinations of these functionalities. 
         [0042]      FIG. 2  illustrates a conceptual diagram of the web-based business information system  102  as functionally related to its integration with native e-mail applications according to a preferred embodiment. For purposes of clarity, and without loss of generality, each node is connected directly to the Internet  112 , it being understood that there will usually be various network segments, subnets, intranets, etc., around which the various components are distributed. Shown in  FIG. 2  are end users  202  and  204  who user the web-based business information system  102 , and who are also termed system users herein. End user  202 , who is operating the computer  110 , accesses the web-based business information system  102  using a browser  206 . End user  204 , who is operating the computer  108 , accesses the web-based business information system  102  using a browser  208 . In one preferred embodiment, the browsers  206  and  208  are Microsoft Internet Explorer, Version 5.5 or later, and are preferably kept up-to-date to the latest release available. A dotted line is shown among end user  202 , end user  204 , and web-based business information system  102  to indicate that they are associated with the same business enterprise. 
         [0043]    In the example of  FIG. 2 , end user  202  has a preferred native e-mail system that is a web-hosted e-mail service  214 , such as Yahoo!Mail. End user  204  has a preferred native e-mail system that is a dedicated e-mail application  210 , such as Microsoft Outlook, that accesses an e-mail server  212  on behalf of end user  204 . End users  202  and  204  have browser-based access to the web-based business information system  102 . Web-based business information system  102  comprises an internal e-mail system  230  that the end users  202  and  204  can use to send and receive e-mails. However, as indicated previously, for any of a variety of reasons, it is often that case that the end users  202  and  204  prefer their native e-mail applications. 
         [0044]    Web-based business information system  102  further comprises a rules-based tracking engine  232  that is generally capable of electronic mail tracking in accordance with the functionalities described herein. Web-based business information system  102  further comprises an e-mail tracking metadata database  234  that stores the tracking information associated with the e-mail communications, and an e-mail archive  236 . In addition to creating the data stored in the e-mail tracking metadata database  234  as the e-mail communications are flowing, the rules-based tracking engine  232  also accesses existing data according to user commands to facilitate location and retrieval of contents previously stored in e-mail archive  236 . 
         [0045]    The example of  FIG. 2  further includes external contacts  216  and  218 . External contact  216  operates a computer (or other network-connected device)  217  and external contact  218  operates a computer  219 . External contact  216  has a preferred native e-mail system that is a web-hosted e-mail service  228 , such as Hotmail, that is accessible using the browser  220 . End user  218  has a preferred native e-mail system that is a dedicated e-mail application  224 , such as Eudora, that accesses an e-mail server  226  on behalf of end user  218 . 
         [0046]    Advantageously, the e-mail tracking functionalities described herein according to the preferred embodiments are designed to operate independently of whatever particular native e-mail system is used by the end users  202 / 204  or external contacts  216 / 218 . It is not required that the end users have the same type of native e-mail system as each other, and not required that any particular end user have the same type of native e-mail system as any particular external contact. The e-mail tracking functionalities described herein are equally operable for e-mail threads between any of the following end user-external contact pairs of  FIGS. 2 :  202 - 216 ,  202 - 218 ,  204 - 216 , and  204 - 218 . The only requirement for any of the native e-mail systems is that they operate in substantial accordance with the REPLY-TO option set forth in the international standards document “Internet Message Format,” IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 2822, and/or its predecessor or successor specifications. In particular, it is required that when the e-mail user presses “reply” for a given received e-mail message, the reply e-mail comprises the REPLY-TO address specified in the received e-mail message, if one was specified. No e-mail system is known to the applicants as of the date of this patent application that does not operate according to this requirement, although there are some slight variations with respect to optional comment fields in the REPLY-TO address. However, it has been found that these variations do not affect the tracking, forwarding, and archiving functionalities themselves, but rather only moderately affect the “transparency” of the method to the external contact and/or the end user. 
         [0047]    In accordance with RFC 2822, an e-mail message consists of header fields, collectively called “header” of the message, followed optionally by a body. The header is a sequence of lines of characters with special syntax as defined in RFC 2822. The body is simply a sequence of characters that follows the header and is separated from the header by an empty line (i.e., a line with nothing preceding a CRLF). Header fields are lines composed of a field name, followed by a colon (“:”), followed by a field body, and terminated by CRLF. 
         [0048]    Among a variety of other header fields is specified a FROM header field and an optional REPLY-TO header field. For clarity of presentation, these header fields are described herein for single originators and recipients, it being understood that the scope of the preferred embodiments is not so limited. After the “FROM:” and “REPLY-TO:” character strings, respectively, is specified the string “display-name&lt;local-part@domain&gt;”. “Display-name” is an optional display name that indicates the name of the recipient, which could be a person or a system, that could be displayed to the user of an e-mail application. “Domain” is the Internet domain, and the “local-part” is specified as a domain dependent string that, in addresses, is simply interpreted on the particular host as a name of a particular mailbox. 
         [0049]    RFC 2822 states that the REPLY-TO field, if present, indicates the mailbox to which the author of the message suggests that replies be sent. In the absence of the REPLY-TO, replies should by default be sent to the mailbox specified in the FROM field unless otherwise specified by the person composing the reply. 
         [0050]    As used herein, the term e-mail address refers to the combination of all three of the display name, local part, and domain when a display name is provided, and to the combination of just the local part and domain where a display name is not provided. It has been observed that e-mail systems can differ in their treatment of the e-mail address with respect to the components displayed on the user interface in different situations, and with respect to selective stripping of the display name in different situations. For example, it sometimes happens that an e-mail system will omit a display name in the TO-field of a reply message even when that display name was indeed provided in the REPLY-TO e-mail address. Importantly, however, the preferred embodiments described herein take advantage of the fact that all known e-mail systems refrain from stripping out the local part of the e-mail address in virtually all circumstances. In the preferred embodiments described herein, the differences in display name treatment among the various e-mail systems only affect the relative “transparency” of the method to external contacts. 
         [0051]      FIG. 3A  illustrates a method for electronic mail tracking in a web-based business information system environment according to a preferred embodiment. At step  302  an initial e-mail message is sent by an end user of the web-based information system to an external contact in which a REPLY-TO header field is populated with an e-mail address having a local part that is encoded with message tracking information. The encoded message tracking information can also be termed a tracking string. The REPLY-TO e-mail address comprises a domain identifier of a central communication server, i.e., an e-mail server that is associated with the internal e-mail utility of the web-based business information system. Most commonly, the central communication server and the internal e-mail utility will be one and the same element. In other preferred embodiments, the central communication server can be a different e-mail server that is tied to the internal e-mail utility. The initial e-mail message sent at step  302  is automatically logged and a copy of that message is automatically archived by the web-based business information system. 
         [0052]    The initial e-mail message sent at step  302  contains a TO e-mail address according to an external contact profile stored in the web-based business information system. Preferably, the external contact profile includes a display name appropriate for that external contact for inclusion in the TO e-mail address. Even more preferably, such display name would be identical to a native display name of that external contact in their native e-mail system, if that information is known. 
         [0053]    Preferably, the REPLY-TO e-mail address of the initial e-mail message sent at step  302  also includes a display name that is identical to a native display name of the end user in their native e-mail system. The display name is stored in an end user profile for that end user in the web-based business information system. In an alternative preferred embodiment, this display name can be customized to each individual external contact on a per-external-person or per-external-organization basis. In such alternative preferred embodiment, the web-based business information system would store end user display names in matrix form, with different entries for different external contacts for a given end user. 
         [0054]    Preferably, the FROM e-mail address of the initial e-mail message sent at step  302  is set to the native e-mail address of the end user. This makes it appear to the external contact that they are receiving the e-mail directly from the native e-mail address of the end user. Preferably, the native display name of the end user is included in the FROM e-mail address for display to the external contact. 
         [0055]    At step  304 , the initial e-mail sent at step  302  is received by the external contact in their native e-mail system. In most common e-mail systems, the message will appear to the external contact as if it came from the native e-mail system of the end user. At step  306 , the external contact presses an onscreen “reply” button of their native e-mail system, or other command that instantiates a first reply e-mail. By operation of the native e-mail system of the external contact, the first reply e-mail automatically has a TO field that corresponds to the REPLY-TO of the initial e-mail message. Advantageously, in many of today&#39;s common e-mail systems, the external contact will still “feel” like they are replying to the end user&#39;s native e-mail system, because only the display name of the TO e-mail address will be seen on their monitor. In other known e-mail systems, this desirable effect will be moderated somewhat by the appearance of the relatively complex “local-part@domain” on their monitor. Notably, the FROM and REPLY-TO addresses of the first reply e-mail do not need to be referenced by the central communication server. 
         [0056]    At step  308  the first reply e-mail is received at the central communication server, archived, and automatically logged according to the contents of the tracking string contained in the TO e-mail address thereof. Also at step  308 , a forwarded version of the first reply e-mail is created and sent to the native e-mail address of the end user, with its REPLY-TO local part being populated with an updated version of the tracking string. At step  310 , the forwarded version of the first reply e-mail is received in the native e-mail application of the end user. 
         [0057]    In one preferred embodiment, the display name of the end user is not included in the TO e-mail address of the forwarded version of the first reply e-mail, thereby ensuring the raw “local-part@ domain” form of the end user&#39;s e-mail address to be displayed on the monitor of the end user&#39;s native e-mail system. Moreover, the display name of the REPLY-TO address is populated with a “local-part@domain” form of the external contact&#39;s native e-mail address. In many circumstances it will be desirable to keep things literal like this for the end user, because the end user is generally “wise” to the scheme anyway. Also, it is possible that the end user would like to be assured that the e-mail thread is indeed being processed through the central communication server for proper logging and tracking. 
         [0058]    At step  312 , the end user presses “reply” to instantiate composition of a second reply e-mail. By operation of the native e-mail system of the end user, the second reply e-mail automatically has a TO field that corresponds to the REPLY-TO field of the forwarded version of the first reply e-mail. Notably, the FROM and REPLY-TO address of the first reply e-mail do not need to be referenced by the central communication server. 
         [0059]    At step  314  the second reply e-mail is received at the central communication server, archived, and automatically logged according to the contents of the tracking string contained in the TO e-mail address thereof. Also at step  314 , a forwarded version of the second reply e-mail is created and sent to the native e-mail address of the external contact, with its REPLY-TO field being populated with a second modified version of the tracking string. At step  316 , the forwarded version of the second reply e-mail is received in the native e-mail application of the external contact. The forwarded version of the second reply e-mail has TO and FROM fields that are the same as the initial e-mail sent at step  302 , to continue promoting the external contact&#39;s illusion of direct communication with the end user&#39;s native e-mail system. Steps  316 - 326  then proceed in a manner analogous to steps  304 - 314 , respectively, and the process can be repeated. 
         [0060]    Without loss of generality, and for clarity of disclosure,  FIG. 3B  through  FIG. 20  illustrate a particular exemplary scenario with respect to a hypothetical business enterprise called Rock Castle Construction having a web-based business information system provided by NetSuite. In this particular example, a hypothetical employee Rick Castell is an end user similar to end user  204  of  FIG. 2 , i.e. having a dedicated native e-mail application (Microsoft Outlook) on his desktop. Rick Castell has a native e-mail address of rcastell@rockcastle.com and a native display name of “Rick Castell”. 
         [0061]      FIG. 4  illustrates a “Customer” page  402  provided by the web-based business information system that provides convenient access to many aspects of a particular customer. Further to this example, Antique Recyclers, Inc.  404  is a new client of Rock Castle Construction. Antique Recyclers has no affiliation with the web-based business information system (NetSuite) used by Rock Castle Construction. Antique Recyclers has a native e-mail application that is a web-hosted e-mail service provided by Yahoo!Mail, and its single e-mail (address antiques4you_n_me@yahoo.com  406 ) is used by its building manager, Cathy Customer ( 408 ). In this example, Antique Recyclers, Inc. and Cathy Customer are external contacts with respect to Rick Castell, the NetSuite end user. 
         [0062]      FIG. 5  illustrates browser screens used by end user Rick Castell to send the initial e-mail message referenced at step  302  of  FIG. 3 , supra. The appropriate end user profile data for Rick Castell and external contact profile data for Antique Recyclers, Inc have been previously populated in the web-based business information system. 
         [0000]    Advantageously, once Rick Castell selects Cathy Customer as the recipient, the appropriate values for TO, FROM, and REPLY-TO are automatically populated. These values are identified by the number  1  in  FIG. 3B . As illustrated in  FIG. 3B , the REPLY-TO field of the initial e-mail comprises a display name  352  and an address specification  354 , the address specification comprising a local part  356  and a domain  358 . In accordance with a preferred embodiment, local part  356  is used as a tracking string to facilitate tracking and forwarded of the expected reply e-mail message. 
         [0063]    Local part/tracking string  356  comprises a category identifier  360 , a thread identifier  362 , a counter  364 , and a hash code  366 . Collectively, the category identifier  360 , thread identifier  362 , and counter  364  provide sufficient information for tracking this particular e-mail thread and facilitating the forwarding operations described supra with respect to  FIG. 3A . 
         [0064]    It is to be appreciated that there are many known methods that can be used to organize the tracking string  356 , all of which are within the scope of the preferred embodiments. In the present example, the category identifier  360  can be used to segregate e-mail threads by their broad category, with examples including “campaigns” for marketing campaigns, “cases” for customer trouble tickets, “messages” for general correspondence, “invitation replies” for replies to event invitations, and so on. Thread identifier  362  is used to associate the e-mail thread with the appropriate end user/external contact pair or grouping (Rick Castell and Cathy Customer), and optionally to encode other contextual information. Counter  364  assists in properly ordering records associated with the e-mail thread as would appear, for example, in a messages log. Hash code  366  is generated from information including the category identifier  360 , thread identifier  362 , and counter  364  using any of a variety of known hash algorithms for authenticating the message and inhibiting external (or internal) tampering therewith. 
         [0065]      FIG. 6  illustrates a Messages tab of the Customer display  402  subsequent to step  302 , which includes a communication log between the end user (Rick Castell) and the external contact (Cathy Customer). The sequential listing of e-mail communications represents but one example of the many useful actions that can be taken with the tracking information and e-mail messages archived in accordance with the preferred embodiments. 
         [0066]      FIG. 7  illustrates an inbox of the native e-mail application (Yahoo!Mail) of the external contact, Cathy Customer, when the initial e-mail message arrives.  FIG. 8  illustrates the message header and message body of the initial e-mail message received at step  304 .  FIG. 9  illustrates the external contact&#39;s user screen as the first reply e-mail is composed at step  306 , as well as its message header and message body.  FIG. 3B  illustrates the TO, FROM, and REPLY-TO fields associated with the e-mail thread according to the sequential numerical identifiers shown in  FIG. 3A  ( 1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 , etc.). 
         [0067]      FIG. 10  illustrates the message header and message body of the forwarded version of the first reply e-mail received at step  310 .  FIG. 11  illustrates the Messages tab of the Customer display  402  subsequent to (or contemporaneously with) step  308 , showing that the first reply e-mail has been processed.  FIG. 12  illustrates a user interface of the native e-mail application (Outlook) of the end user, Rick Castell, as the second reply e-mail is being composed at step  312 . Rick&#39;s Outlook application “hides” the local-part of the TO e-mail address unless the “E-mail Properties” of the TO address are examined in an additional window. 
         [0068]      FIG. 13  illustrates the Messages tab of the Customer display  402  subsequent to (or contemporaneously with) step  314 , showing that the second reply e-mail has been processed.  FIG. 14  illustrates the message header and message body of the forwarded version of the second reply e-mail received at step  316 .  FIG. 15  illustrates Cathy Customer&#39;s native e-mail user screen as a third e-mail reply is composed at step  318 , as well as its message header and message body.  FIG. 16  illustrates the message header and message body of a forwarded version of the third reply e-mail received at step  322 . 
         [0069]      FIG. 17  illustrates the Messages tab of the Customer display  402  subsequent to (or contemporaneously with) step  320 , showing that the third reply e-mail has been processed. FIG.  18  illustrates the user interface of the native e-mail application (Outlook) of the end user, Rick Castell, as the fourth reply e-mail is being composed at step  324 .  FIG. 19  illustrates the Messages tab of the Customer display  402  subsequent to (or contemporaneously with) step  326 , showing that the fourth reply e-mail has been processed. Finally,  FIG. 20  illustrates the message header and message body of a forwarded version of the fourth reply e-mail sent at step  326 . 
         [0070]    In an alternative preferred embodiment, the FROM field can be used instead of the REPLY-TO field, and the REPLY-TO field can be left blank. RFC 2822 specifies that in the absence of the REPLY-TO field, replies should by default be sent to the mailbox(es) specified in the FROM field unless otherwise specified by the person composing the reply. In most common e-mail systems today, it has indeed been found that replies are addressed to the address specified in the FROM field in the absence of a REPLY-TO address. Thus, according the an alternative preferred embodiment, a local part of a FROM field of an initial e-mail message sent from the internal e-mail facility to the external contact includes a tracking string encoding tracking information associated with the end user and the external contact with respect to the web-based business information system. A domain of the FROM field of the initial e-mail message corresponds to a domain of the internal mail facility. The external contact presses “reply” in their e-mail application and sends a first reply e-mail message having a TO field that includes the tracking string. Upon receipt of the first reply e-mail message, the web-based business information system sends a modified version thereof to the native e-mail address of the end user, the modified version having a FROM field with a domain corresponding to the domain of the internal e-mail facility and a local part including a first modified version of the tracking string. The end user presses “reply” in the native e-mail application and sends a second reply e-mail message having a TO field that includes the first modified version of the tracking string. Upon receipt of the second reply e-mail message, the web-based business information system sends a modified version thereof to the native e-mail address of the external contact, the modified version having a FROM field with a domain corresponding to the domain of the internal e-mail facility and a local part including a second modified version of the tracking string, and the process can be repeated. In another alternative preferred embodiment, the web-based information system can use the FROM field to encode the tracking string when sending messages to the external contact, and can use the REPLY-TO field to encode the tracking string when sending messages to the end user, or vice versa. 
         [0071]    Other functionalities can be provided in conjunction with the automated e-mail forwarding, tracking, and archiving. For example, in addition to logging and tracking the contents of “invitation” replies themselves, the web-based business information system can set calendar appointments associated with positive invitation replies, alter resource allocations for an event based on the number of positive invitation replies, and so on. 
         [0072]    With the exception of needing to send the first message in an e-mail thread from within the internal e-mail utility (for those preferred embodiments in which the initial e-mail message is not automatically sent on behalf of the end user), the end user of the web-based business information system can enjoy the advantages of e-mail integration while also enjoying the use of their preferred native e-mail system, regardless of which particular e-mail system that is. Especially since no special software applications or plug-ins are required at the client desktop, the need to send that first message from within the internal e-mail utility (for those preferred embodiments in which the initial e-mail message is not automatically sent on behalf of the end user) is believed to be a superior value trade-off in view of the advantages of this integration. 
         [0073]    Preferably, where the web-based business information system is provided by an ASP service, a company preference setting is provided allowing supervisory end users (e.g., supervisors) to select whether certain end users (e.g., sales reps) are enabled for the above-described native e-mail system integration features. For example, a field is provided to a “Set Up” support screen entitled “Enable Support Rep(s) to reply to cases via their native e-mail system.” 
         [0074]    By way of further description, other scenarios in accordance with to the preferred embodiments include the following. End user Tom, a sales rep, performs a mail merge from within the web-based business information system and sends a mass thank you e-mail to all customers he closed that month. One of the customers, George, had misplaced his receipt so he replied to the thank you e-mail he received from Tom by clicking reply in his native e-mail client, and requested a second receipt. When George sends the reply e-mail, the web-based business information system forwards a copy of the message to Tom&#39;s native e-mail address. A copy of the message is also archived by the web-based business information system and “attached” or otherwise associated to George&#39;s customer record. 
         [0075]    End user John, a sales rep, e-mails an estimate he put together for a prospect he is working with, Maggie, from within the web-based business information system. When Maggie receives the e-mail, she decides she wants to add one more item the estimate. She clicks reply on the e-mail and sends John a message stating that she&#39;d be interested in purchasing an additional item. That afternoon, when John logs into the web-based business information system, he sees a reminder showing that he has one new message. He clicks on the reminder and sees the new message is a response from Maggie. Upon viewing her message he updates the estimate and sends Maggie the updated version. Maggie is happy with it, and she decides to make the purchase. 
         [0076]    Whereas many alterations and modifications of the present invention will no doubt become apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art after having read the foregoing description, it is to be understood that the particular embodiments shown and described by way of illustration are in no way intended to be considered limiting. By way of example, the forwarding, tracking, and archiving schemes described supra can be readily extended to scenarios in which there are a group of external contacts and/or a group of web-based business system users. By way of further example, the use of a “reply” command in an e-mail system can include the use of a “reply all” command. 
         [0077]    By way of still further example, in alternative preferred embodiments, the local part of the REPLY-TO field (or FROM field, or other reply-designating header field) can be populated with only a portion of the overall e-mail tracking information needed, and the rest of the e-mail tracking information can be encoded into an additional thread-recurrent header or message field. By reply-designating header field, it is meant that most common e-mail systems will send replies to the address specified in that field when their “reply” functions are used. While REPLY-TO and FROM (when a REPLY-TO is not specified) are today the best header fields to use as the reply-designating header field, others may arise as RFC 2822 and/or related standards evolve, and are within the scope of the preferred embodiments. 
         [0078]    By thread-recurrent field, it is meant that the information in that field is not changed, stripped away, or otherwise substantially disturbed by most common e-mail systems when their “reply” functions are used. By way of example, the SUBJECT header field is one suitable thread-recurrent field (other than REPLY-TO or FROM), because the SUBJECT text string is usually maintained (and appended with a “RE:”) when the “reply” button is pressed. Other examples may include the COMMENTS or KEYWORDS fields specified in RFC 2822, depending on their treatment by most e-mail systems. Tags in the message body may also be used in specified situations and/or in the event of standards evolution that causes certain message body fields to be thread-recurrent. 
         [0079]    In one example of the above alternative preferred embodiment, the reply-designating header field only contains enough information to direct the reply message back to the internal e-mail facility of the web-based business information system, and the rest of the e-mail tracking information can be specified in the additional thread-recurrent header field. By way of example, with respect to the example of  FIG. 3A , the outgoing messages  1 ,  3 ,  5 ,  7 , and  9  could just have a REPLY-TO field of “messages@netsuite.com”, and the SUBJECT field could contain the other information specified in the tracking string, e.g. the string “ACCT18844.33.148e4cbffb39eddde676” shown for message number  7 . 
         [0080]    In still other alternative preferred embodiments, the local part of the REPLY-TO address (or FROM address) could be omitted altogether, and all of the tracking information can be encrypted into a different thread-recurrent field. For practical reasons, this scenario would likely be limited to situations in which the domain of the central communications server/internal mail system is used for no other purpose than the forwarding and tracking of the e-mail message threads. It is to be appreciated that the preferred embodiments described supra can be implemented with as-yet undefined fields that are thread-recurrent when future revisions of RFC 2822 are adopted. 
         [0081]    By way of still further example, in another preferred embodiment, the initial e-mail message sent to the external contact at step  302  supra can be automatically sent by the web-based business information system on behalf of the end user, and thus the end user enjoys the native e-mail integration without even needing to send the initial e-mail from within the e-mail utility of the web-based business information system. This preferred embodiment is especially convenient in the context of helpdesk systems that automatically associate incoming cases with end users. Thus, reference to the details of the preferred embodiments are not intended to limit their scope, which is limited only by the scope of the claims set forth below.