Abstract:
Method for recovering an unknown frequency and frequency drift by iterative correlation in multicarrier radio communications applications, particularly in third/second generation mobile communication systems co-existence environments. The invention detects a correlation peak between a known sequence ( 28 ) of bits sent by the base station to the mobile and the received signal ( 26 ) by the mobile. The frequency recovering process comprises the correction in frequency of a local oscillator ( 28 ) in the mobile till the best correlation result between the received burst ( 26 ) and the known pattern ( 28 ) is achieved.

Description:
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a method for synchronising in frequency a remote unit that is capable of establishing communications in existing radio communications system as, for example, global for mobile communication (GSM) and in third generation cellular digital communications system as, for example, universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS).  
           [0002]    The invention is of special application to mobile terminal moves from a cell associated to the third generation cellular digital communications system to a cell associated to second generation one.  
         STATE OF THE ART  
         [0003]    In the transmission systems based on radio, as the cellular mobile communication system, the digital information flows from an end to the other end modulating a carrier. These two sides of the communication are a base station and a mobile terminal. Several carriers are used in every cellular system, assigned in subsets, to cover the different cells.  
           [0004]    When the mobile terminal is switched on in a geographical location and accesses the cellular communications system. The mobile terminal must get the synchronism in order to decode modulated signals.  
           [0005]    This synchronisation process consists of several steps. First, the mobile station must produce a local frequency in order to tune the received signal. This local frequency generated in the local frequency oscillator must be equal to the one generated in the transmitted end, namely, base station.  
           [0006]    Once the local oscillator of the mobile terminal is corrected in frequency, this local oscillator becomes “tuned”. Then, the different channels sent in the carrier are detected and demodulated at the mobile terminal which obtains the data.  
           [0007]    For example, in GSM the base station transmits a synchronisation signal such as a synchronisation channel (SCH). Once the mobile station has detected the beginning of the TDM frame, the information sent in the different user time slots can be demodulated.  
           [0008]    As the mobile station roams the cellular environment, the local clock follows the frequency drifts of the base station, and continues in locked state, making easy the demodulation of another time slot in another carrier used in the system (handover process).  
           [0009]    If the mobile station is a dual terminal (third &amp; second generation), and it has devoted its receiving resources to camp in the third generation cellular system (e.g. UMTS), the local oscillator drifts its frequency from the previously locked, as it has not received the base station signal during the period the mobile station has been listening the carrier from another system (the third generation one).  
           [0010]    So, if the mobile station is commanded to go back into the second-generation system again, it must recover the frequency synchronism correcting the unknown drift. This situation should happen if the mobile terminal uses the resources of a third generation cellular system and it is commanded to handover to a new carrier and time slot that belong to a second generation system, because it has entered a cell not covered by the third generation system.  
           [0011]    For instance, to accomplish the synchronisation process of the dual mobile terminal is to estimate the frequency drift from the drift between the clocks of the second-generation clock circuit in the dual mobile terminal and the third generation one, and the frequency drift between the second generation mobile terminal clock and the second generation base station clock. This method is of a big cost in terms of hardware resources, power consumption and system complexity.  
           [0012]    In view of the above, it is necessary a method to avoid this drawback that corrects in steps the frequency of the local oscillator till a correlation peak between a known sequence of bits and the signal received is detected.  
         CHARACTERISATION OF THE INVENTION  
         [0013]    The technical problems mentioned above are resolved by the invention by constituting a method for recovering an unknown frequency in digital cellular communications systems where a mobile terminal is capable of handling traffic associated at least two different cellular communications systems; wherein a correlation peak is detected between a known bits sequence sent from a base station associated to a first cellular communication system, to the mobile station and a received signal received at the mobile station, the received signal is corrected in frequency with a predetermined shift, meanwhile the correlation peak is unequal to a predetermined threshold in order to stop a local oscillator signal correction; such as the sift is refined by each iteration, and when the correlation peak substantially equals to the predetermined threshold, the received signal is demodulated.  
           [0014]    The solution proposed by the present invention is based on the detection of a correlation peak between a known sequence of bits sent by the Base Station and the received signal. This sequence is sent on a carrier in a particular time slot, giving place to the SCH channel (Synchronisation Channel). In GSM, this particular time slot is always the time slot zero out of the eight that modulates the carrier. Said sequence is then compared (correlated) with the received signal.  
           [0015]    Then, while the correlation peak does not equal to a threshold value, the local oscillator is corrected in frequency with a predetermined shift. This correlation peak is the output of the device that compares the known sequence with the received signal. The more the received signal resembles the predetermined sequence, the highest this peak is. When the correlation peak exceeds to a threshold value, a refinement phase is entered: small shifts steps around the measured rough value are tried out in order to determine the highest correlation peak, and thus the corresponding frequency shift considered as the estimated frequency drift. The signal can then be optimally demodulated.  
           [0016]    Accordingly, one object of the present invention is that of providing a method for processing the digital radio channels in multicarrier radio communications applications, said carriers forming a spectrum allocated to be used for communication, comprising the steps of:  
           [0017]    correlating a known bit sequence with the received signal;  
           [0018]    comparing the output of this correlation with a threshold value; and  
           [0019]    shifting the frequency of the local clock in a predetermined value if the output does not reach the threshold.  
           [0020]    Another object of the present invention is that of providing a mobile phone set for use in cellular digital radio communications applications, wherein said mobile phone is adapted for operating with multicarrier channels with a reduced hardware in the synchronisation stage.  
           [0021]    According to one aspect of the present invention, said mobile phone set comprises a tuning block adapted to synchronise with the base station when the drift between the base station frequency and the mobile station one is not known.  
           [0022]    According to another aspect of the present invention, said mobile station is adapted to perform a handover process between the radio resources of a mobile system and the radio resources of a different one.  
           [0023]    According to yet another aspect of the present invention, said mobile station is adapted to perform a handover from a second generation cellular system (i.e. GSM) to another one of the third generation (i.e. UMTS).  
           [0024]    Therefore, it is appreciable that the system and the method of the present invention provide a substantial simplification in the overall synchronisation process of the mobile phone set, and as a consequence, provides a low cost solution. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0025]    The present invention will be better understood by way of the following detailed description with the aid of the accompanying figures, in which:  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic drawing of a cellular network in accordance an embodiment of the present invention,  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an example of embodiment,  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 3 is a schematic of another example of embodiment based on two steps correlation peak detection, and  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another example of embodiment based on two steps correlation peak detection with a modulated correlation filter. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0030]    As shown in FIG. 1, a base station  11  associated to universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) defines coverage area  12  by which mobile terminals  13  move. The mobile terminal  13  can represent one or more of a plurality of dual mobile terminals capable of handling traffic associated a global for mobile communication (GSM) and in third generation cellular digital communications system as, for example, UMTS system.  
         [0031]    The mobile terminal  13  is coupled via an air interface to base station  11 . Therefore, the mobile terminal  13  transmits and receives traffic (e.g. UMTS) to and from the base station  11 .  
         [0032]    The cell  12  overlaps a cell  14  associated to GSM system at region  15 . The transmission from base station  16  defines the coverage area  14  associated to GSM system. Consequently, the mobile terminal  13  is coupled via an air interface to base station  16 . Therefore, the mobile terminal  13  transmits and receives traffic (e.g. GSM) to and from the base station  16 .  
         [0033]    As the mobile terminal  13  moves into or near coverage area  14 , it must be synchronised which the base station  16  in order to switch on from the base station  11  to base station  16 .  
         [0034]    Therefore, the terminal  13  would listen to the GSM neighbouring cell  14  to demodulate a general synchronisation burst (e.g. synchronisation burst SCH in GSM system) for obtaining the synchronisation with the base station  16 .  
         [0035]    In other word, the base station  16  issues synchronisation information, such as a pattern known as frequency correction burst, used for frequency synchronisation of the mobile, and the synchronisation burst SCH used for time synchronisation of the mobile. In general, there is a time slot in one of the carriers used in a cell is reserved for broadcast general data of the GSM system, and to provide a path for signalling handshaking.  
         [0036]    Once the mobile  13  has tuned a carrier with the beacon channel, it can decode the rest of the beacon information and camp in the cell  14 . In this state, the mobile  13  can issue or receive signalling messages, in order to set-up calls. These calls use traffic channels, in order to transmit voice and data.  
         [0037]    The traffic channel in a TDM system, such as GSM, is a time slot inside a carrier. When the mobile  13  changes its position and gets a better beacon channel, it can receive a handover command, in order to switch to a different traffic channel.  
         [0038]    Once the mobile  13  roams the UMTS system, it can move to a border position where the coverage from second generation TDM system, belonging to the same operator, becomes higher. Then a handover command is issued from the UMTS system describing the carrier and slot of the new bearer resource.  
         [0039]    Then, the mobile  13  must tune the TDM carrier in order to change to the new channel. As long as the mobile  13  quit tuning the TDM beacon channel when it camped in the UMTS environment, it does not know the present drift of the TDM carrier from the moment it stop tuning this beacon. So, it has the issue of quickly synchronising in frequency the mobile  13  and the base station  16 , tuning the local oscillator in order to correct the drift.  
         [0040]    In according with the present invention, the terminal mobile  13  is capable to demodulate synchronisation burst SCH without a priori knowledge of frequency drift.  
         [0041]    The mobile terminal  13  includes a local oscillator  22  that is corrected in frequency in fixed steps till a correlation peak is detected from the comparison between the received signal (e.g. synchronisation burst)  21  from the base station  16  and a known sequence of bits included in the SCH burst  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 2 is a simplified demodulation chain teaches a combiner circuit  21  which output is inputted to an input of an adjacent channel filter  22 . An impulse response estimator  23  is coupled to an output of the adjacent channel filter  22 . An output of the estimator  23  is inputted to an input of a match filter  24 . An equaliser  25  is coupled to an output to the match filter  24 , and generates at its output a signal (e.g. sum of squared)  29  which is forwarded to a decision entity that performs a soft decision process.  
         [0043]    It may be noted how the SCH burst  26  is tuned using the local frequency  27  that is corrected in fixed steps. The received data  26  is demodulated in the demodulator chain using different frequencies of the local oscillator  27 , and the results stored in the ( 24 ). Then, the correlation  24  with a known pattern (e.g. training signal)  28  is performed and the best result selected  29 . In consequence, the related local oscillator frequency  27  is selected as well.  
         [0044]    The solution proposed by the present invention is based on the detection of a correlation peak between a known sequence  28  of bits and the received signal  26  which is sent on a carrier in a particular time slot, SCH burst. In GSM, this particular time slot is always the time slot zero out of the eight that modulates the carrier.  
         [0045]    The received signal  26  is different of the transmitted signal. The known sequence  28  is compared (correlated) with the received signal  26 . Then, while the correlation peak does not equal to a predetermined threshold, the local oscillator  27  is corrected in frequency with a predetermined shift.  
         [0046]    This correlation peak is the output of the device that compares the known sequence with the received signal. The more the received signal resembles the predetermined sequence, the highest this peak is. When the correlation peak exceeds to a threshold value, a refinement phase is entered: small shifts steps (e.g. 1 kHz) around the measured rough value are tried out in order to determine the highest correlation peak, and thus the corresponding frequency shift considered as the estimated frequency drift.  
         [0047]    For example, by step of 3 kHz on deviating from the initial value. The process is stop when the Viterbi equaliser  25  obtains an acceptable value of the sum of squared  29  soft decision. Then signal data can then be optimally demodulated. Since, a small drift is more likely than a big one.  
         [0048]    The 3 kHz step is the bigger step that can be chosen without taking a big non-detection risk. All frequencies would not be tried out, thus the CPU load will depend on the drift to recover from.  
         [0049]    When the correlation peak equals to threshold value, the present local oscillator frequency  27  is used to detect the TDM signal and demodulate the related data. Then the mobile  13  can read the beacon information and access to the signalling channels to complete the handover process.  
         [0050]    In addition, the match filter  24  and the Viterbi equaliser  25  are inactive if the impulse response estimation  23  obtains at its output a signal lower quality. The received signal  26  is corrected in frequency with all possible values of the drift between −3 kHz and 3 kHz by 1 kHz step, therefore the whole demodulation chain is used. The resulting output is then stored and the best demodulation is selected.  
         [0051]    Referring to the FIG. 3, it may be noted another embodiment of the method. In this case the received signal  26  is tuned with the variable local frequency  27  and the output presented to a correlation filter  32 , that offers its output to the peak detection  33 . The length of the training sequence  28  gives a powerful mean of discrimination. Therefore, the criteria for selecting the frequency  27  will be based on the peak energy.  
         [0052]    Referring to the FIG. 4, it may be noted that the previous embodiment can be enhanced if instead of correcting the received samples  26  in frequency, the correlation filter  32  is modulated with the variable local oscillator frequency  28  till the best correlation result is obtained.