Abstract:
An undergarment includes a multiplayer leak-proof pad to wick moisture, impede bacteria, prevent leaks, and resist stain.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to and the benefit of, and incorporates herein by reference in its entirety, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/678,836, which was filed on Aug. 2, 2012. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    In various embodiments, the present invention relates generally to undergarments and, more specifically, to undergarments that absorb bodily fluids such as those associated with menstruation and incontinence. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Women&#39;s undergarments may provide several functions, such as shaping the wearer&#39;s body, supporting parts of the body during exercise, and offering protection to outer clothing. Typically, a woman who is menstruating uses a tampon or a sanitary pad, in addition to wearing the undergarment, to keep outer garments from being soiled by bodily secretions and discharges. Although the tampon or pad may often absorb all of the liquid flow, unexpected leaks may still occur, in particular during the heavy-flow days of menstruation or during a change in body position. 
         [0004]    An alternative solution for absorbing bodily secretions and discharges is an adult “brief,” which offers a larger area of protection and may be particularly useful for women experiencing heavy flows or men or women who have urinary incontinence. The current selection of adult briefs is, however, unattractive due to their bulk, which makes their concealment under outer clothing difficult or impossible. Further disadvantages of wearing the adult briefs (and sanitary pads) include prolonged exposure to wetness which frequently results in discomfort, irritant dermatitis, and/or infections. 
         [0005]    Further, because most pads/tampons and adult briefs are disposable and not reusable, the cost of purchasing the products may be an economic burden since it may add up to a significant sum (e.g., more than $900) per year. Additionally, the waste produced is environmentally unsustainable. Moreover, the pads/tampons may be occasionally positioned incorrectly (e.g., too far up or back) and the adult briefs may be wrapped too loosely, both resulting in severe leakage. 
         [0006]    Conventionally, “period underwear” has been designed to reduce the risk of leakage by providing a leak-proof barrier (e.g., a laminated fabric) outside of the undergarment or a thick absorbent pad in the crotch area; such products, however, have limited use because the leak-proof barrier is generally in contact with the skin and may create irritation thereof, and the thick absorbent pad is bulky and uncomfortable to wear. Additionally, the leak-proof barrier and thick absorbent pad may entrap moisture within the undergarment, thereby increasing the risk of yeast infections. 
         [0007]    Consequently, there is a need for undergarments that eliminate the need for using disposable pads/tampons and adult briefs while effectively absorbing liquid flow and reducing the risk of leaks. Additionally, it is desirable that the undergarments provide stain prevention, moisture-wicking, antimicrobial management, and skin comfort. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0008]    In various embodiments, the present invention includes an undergarment that is leak-proof, moisture wicking, attractive, antimicrobial, and comfortable to wear. The undergarment may also be stain-proof and/or treated with a microbial agent. Additionally, the undergarment provides sufficient and effective liquid absorption; the need for using disposable tampons/pads in conjunction with the undergarment is thus eliminated (though their use with embodiments of the present invention is not prohibited). More specifically, the undergarment may include a fabric body constructed of one or more layers and a multilayer pad that is integrated with the interior surface of the fabric body. Because each layer of the multilayer pad is sufficiently thin (e.g., 100-500 g/m 2 ) and the multilayer pad may be fully integrated with the fabric body (e.g., one layer of the pad may form a part of the fabric body), the multilayer pad does not deform the structure of the fabric body (and the overall undergarment) to thereby lessen its visual appeal and/or allow the outline or shape of the pad to be visible through outer clothing). Additionally, the stitches for integrating the multiplayer pad with the fabric body may be hidden inside the fabric body such that the entire pad appears to be seamless and is thereby undetectable from the exterior of the undergarment to the wearer or other viewers. As used herein, undetectable means that the structure/material cannot be detected, or is very difficult to detect, by touch and/or is hidden from sight. 
         [0009]    Each layer of the multilayer pad may be positioned within the fabric body in a crotch region that is defined by a pair of leg openings. Alternatively, the layer(s) may extend beyond the crotch region (e.g., up to the waist opening of the undergarment). In some embodiments, the multilayer pad includes four layers: the innermost layer may be treated with a nano-particle solution (e.g., polyethylene oxide or silicone) to wick moisture and an antimicrobial material (e.g., a silver nitrate solution) may be applied thereto for preventing infections; the second layer is made of, for example, cotton or other materials, that can efficiently absorb the moisture or liquid; the third layer includes, for example, cotton bonder with a moisture-impermeable material e.g., wax or breathable urethane) on the outer surface (i.e., facing away the body) to prevent leakage; and the outermost layer is made of a supportive, elasticized fabric blend that has a thicker texture such that the cuts and stitched seams of the innermost, moisture-wicking layer and middle layers (i.e, the second, moisture-absorbing layer and the third, moisture-impermeable layer) are effectively camouflaged, and are thereby not viewable through the garment. In a preferable embodiment, the multilayers of the pad are stitched together using a densely (or tightly) sewn seam; this can further prevent leakage of the liquid. one embodiment, the innermost layer is a dark color (e.g., black) such that any stains are nonobvious or invisible. 
         [0010]    In some embodiments, the undergarment includes one or more pad pockets that each allows a pad to be inserted therein. The insertable pad can be frequently removed from the pocket as a single unit for sanitary reasons. In one embodiment, the insertable pad is washable and reusable for reducing the wearers&#39; cost and providing an environmentally friendly alternative, In another embodiment, the insertable pad is disposable for offering convenience to the wearers during special occasions, e.g., traveling. Again, the insertable pad may include an antimicrobial coating layer, a moisture-wicking layer, a moisture-absorbent layer, and/or a moisture-impermeable layer to provide the corresponding function of each layer. In some embodiments, the undergarment includes one or more pockets located in the front and/or back of the undergarment for retaining removable heating pads that may provide cramp relief during menstruation. 
         [0011]    Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention pertains to an undergarment including a fabric body having a waist opening and a pair of leg openings defining a crotch region therebetween, and a multilayer leak-proof pad stitched to an interior surface of the fabric body and extending over at least the crotch area in various embodiments, the leak-proof pad includes a moisture-impermeable layer in contact with the fabric body, a moisture-absorbent layer thereover, and a moisture-wicking layer over the absorption layer. In one implementation, the multilayer leak-proof pad further comprises an anti-microbial layer over the wicking layer. In some embodiments, the multilayer leak-proof pad extends over the crotch region and includes pairs of opposed curving peripheral edges; the first pair of edges extends along the leg openings proximate to the crotch region. and the second pair of edges is located beyond the crotch region and flaring outwardly. Additionally, the moisture-absorbent layer, the moisture-wicking layer and the antimicrobial layer may extend as a unitary panel beyond the polymer layer to a waistband around the waist opening. In one embodiment, one or more rear segments of the unitary panel have opposed peripheral edges tapering toward the waistband. 
         [0012]    In various embodiments, the undergarment further includes an extension region stitched. to and extending beyond the waistband; the extension region includes one or more pockets for receiving one or more removable heating pads. In one implementation, the pocket has an entrance along a side edge. thereof Additionally, the moisture-absorbent layer, the moisture-wicking layer and the antimicrobial layer may be removable as a unitary insert, and the undergarment may include a pocket for removably retaining the insert. 
         [0013]    In some embodiments, one or both surfaces of the moisture-wicking layer is treated with a hydrophilic composition and/or a hydrophobic composition to create a net hydrophilic gradient over the moisture-wicking layer. The moisture-wicking layer may include at least 51% cotton; the moisture-absorbent layer may include cotton; the moisture-impermeable polymer layer may include breathable urethane or wax; and the fabric body may include an elastic material. 
         [0014]    In a second aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an undergarment. In various embodiments, the method includes providing a multilayer leak-proof pad having a moisture-impermeable polymer layer, a moisture-absorbent layer, and a moisture-wicking layer; and stitching the multilayer leak-proof pad to an interior surface of a fabric body to form the undergarment. In one embodiment, the method includes forming the multilayer leak-proof pad to cover a crotch region defined by a pair of leg openings. In another embodiment, the method includes forming the multilayer leak-proof pad to cover a crotch region defined by a pair of leg openings and an extension region extending beyond the crotch region to a waistband. Additionally, the method may include creating one or more pockets in the extension region for receiving one or more removable heating pads. 
         [0015]    In one implementation, the method includes creating one or more pockets in the undergarment for retaining the multilayer leak-proof pad. The method may further include treating the moisture-wicking layer with an antimicrobial solution, a hydro composition and/or a hydrophobic composition. 
         [0016]    Reference throughout this specification to “one example,” “an example,” “one embodiment,” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the example is included in at least one example of the present technology. Thus, the occurrences of the phrases “in one example,” “in an example,” “one embodiment,” or “an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, routines, steps, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more examples of the technology. The headings provided herein are for convenience only and are not intended to limit or interpret the scope or meaning of the claimed technology. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0017]    In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to the same parts throughout the different views. Also, the drawings are not necessarily to scale, with an emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the following description, various embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the following drawings, in which: 
           [0018]      FIGS. 1A ,  1 B,  1 C, and  1 D schematically depict undergarments in accordance with various embodiments of the invention; 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  depicts a structure of a multi layer leak-proof pad in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0020]      FIGS. 3A ,  3 B,  3 C, and  3 D schematically depict the cuts, shapes, and sizes of the multilayer pad in accordance with various embodiments of the invention; 
           [0021]      FIGS. 4A ,  4 B, and  4 C schematically depict the seams of the multilayer pad stitched to the undergarment in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0022]      FIGS. 5A and 5B  depict the positions of an insertable, removable pad and the pocket that retains the removable pad in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0023]      FIGS. 6A and 6B  depict an overhead and isometric view of an undergarment in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; and 
           [0024]      FIGS. 7A ,  7 B, and  7 C depict undergarments having various sizes and shapes of multilayer pads in accordance with embodiments of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0025]      FIGS. 1A and 1B  illustrate exemplary undergarments  100 ,  102  in accordance with various embodiments of the invention;  FIG. 1C  depicts a view of the material/fabric of the undergarment in a single two-dimensional plane. The undergarments  100 ,  102  include a fabric body  104  having a waist opening  106  and a pair of leg openings  108  defining a crotch area  110  therebetween that covers some or all of the genital area of a wearer; the undergarments  100 ,  102  further include an interior surface  112  (i.e., a surface of the fabric body  104  that wholly or partially contacts the body of the wearer when the undergarments  100 ,  102  are worn) and an exterior surface  114  (i.e., a surface of the fabric body  104  distal the interior surface  112  with respect to the body of the wearer such that some or all of the exterior surface  114  does not contact the body of the wearer). The undergarments  100 ,  102  further include a multilayer pad, as described in greater detail below, that is attached (via, e.g., stitching, gluing, or any other such attachment mechanism) to the interior surface  112  of the fabric body  104 . The multilayer pad may be disposed in the crotch area  110 ; the pad may extend over some or all of the crotch area  110  and/or extend beyond the crotch area  110 . Although  FIGS. 1A and 1B  display exemplary embodiments of the present invention, any cut, size, style, color, type of under- or outer-garments are within the scope of the present invention. For example, the fabric body  104  may include running shorts, bicycle shorts, swimwear, yoga pants, body-shape-altering “stretch” pants or shorts, sport or “performance” underwear, or any other such type or style of garment. 
         [0026]    The fabric body  104  may include one or more layers. In one embodiment, the fabric body  104  includes one layer, and the multilayer pad, as described in greater detail below, is attached to the crotch area  110  of the fabric body  104 . In another embodiment, the fabric body includes two layers: an inner fabric-body layer  116  that wholly or partially contacts the body of the wearer and an outer fabric-body layer  118  distal the inner fabric-body layer  106  with respect to the wearer&#39;s body. In various embodiments, the outer fabric-body layer  118  exhibits one or more of various colors, patterns, or designs (e.g., black, white, pink, etc.) to provide choices to the wearer; the inner fabric-body layer  116  may exhibit a dark color (e.g., black or dark grey) for providing stain-resistance such that any stain thereon is invisible, unnoticeable, or reduced in visibility or noticeability to the wearer. If the fabric body  104  includes two or more layers, all, some, or none of the inner layer or layers may be visible to the wearer or other observer when the undergarments  100 ,  102  are worn. Any number of layers of the fabric body  104  is within the scope of the present invention, and any of the layers may be cut to the full size of the outer fabric-body layer  118  or cut to less than the full size thereof. 
         [0027]    In one embodiment, the inner fabric-body layer  116  is made of or includes a thin fabric (e.g., cotton or a cotton blend, a synthetic material, or any other material) and the outer fabric-body layer  118  is made of or includes a thick or thicker (with respect to the inner fabric-body layer  116 ) fabric (e.g., a thicker cotton or cotton blend layer, an elasticized fabric blend such as SPANDEX that may provide support to the wearer and/or alter the shape of the body of the wearer, or any other material). The inner fabric-body layer  116  may be cut to the full shape of the fabric-body  104  or be cut to less than the full shape of the fabric-body  104 . For example, the inner fabric-body layer  116  may be cut to extend to cover only the crotch region  110 . The inner fabric-body layer  116  may be densely stitched to the inner surface of the outer fabric-body layer  118  to thereby prevent leakage of fluids from the body of the wearer to a point on the outer surface  114  of the undergarments  100 ,  102  (or other point on the body of the wearer and/or the wearer&#39;s clothes) visible to the wearer or other viewer and/or to any point on the inner surface of the undergarments  100 ,  102  outside of the crotch area  110  that may be felt or otherwise sensed by a wearer. 
         [0028]    The undergarment may have a low cut, i.e., the waistband  120  may be lower than the wearer&#39;s waist (typically, at a location at or near the hips of the wearer) as depicted in  FIG. 1A  or have a high cut, i.e., including an extension region  122  extending above the waistband  120 . Any height of the waistband  120  is within the scope of the present invention. In various embodiments, and in particular with reference to the embodiments of  FIGS. 1B ,  1 C, or other embodiments having waistband  120  above the wearer&#39;s waist, one or more interior pockets  124  are disposed in the front panel  126  and/or back panel  128  of the inner layer  116  for receiving and holding in position one or more removable pad  130 . The interior pocket  124  is preferably located beneath the waist opening  106  and, in some embodiments, beneath a layer of decorative lace  132  (or other adornment; rear  150  and front  152  views of one example of such a decorative layer  132  appear in  FIG. 1D ), and thereby may be particularly suitable for implementations in which the undergarment has a high cut, such as the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 1B . The removable pad  130  may be or include one or more heating pads that provide warming heat to the wearer for reducing cramps during menstruation. The heating pads may provide heat via a chemical reaction, via prior heating and later retention of said heat, or any other means. In some embodiments, the interior pocket  124  has an entrance or opening along a side edge  134  (i.e., parallel or substantially parallel to a vertical or longer axis of the interior pocket  124 ) for receiving the removable pad  130  such that the removable pad  130  is securely retained therewithin. For example, the removable pad  130  remains secured inside the interior pocket  124  when the wearer moves, accelerates or decelerates, or otherwise changes positions (e.g., from standing up to crouching down) and/or puts on or takes off the undergarment. Any orientation of the opening (e.g., perpendicular or diagonal with respect to the vertical or longer axis of the interior pocket  124 ) is within the scope of the current invention. The interior pocket  124  may further include a material or mechanism (e.g., hook-and-loop fasteners) to secure the removable pad  130  with the pocket  124  and/or a material or mechanism to secure the opening of the pocket  124  closed to thereby secure the removable pad  130  inside. 
         [0029]    In various embodiments, the undergarment includes a multilayer pad to absorb a liquid flow (e.g., bodily secretions, discharges, urine, or menstrual fluids) and thereby prevent or reduce leakage thereof. Referring to  FIG. 2 , the multilayer pad  202  may include three pad layers  204 ,  206 ,  208  (e.g., 100-300 g/m 2 ); each pad layer  204 ,  206 ,  208  may extend over at least some or all of the crotch region  110 . The pad layers include a moisture-wicking pad layer  204  disposed closest to the body of the wearer, a moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  disposed next closest to the body of the wearer (i.e., distal the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  with respect to the body of the wearer), and a moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  disposed distal the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  (i.e., furthest from the body of the wearer). The composition, properties, and functions of each of the pad layers  204 ,  206 ,  208  will now be described. 
         [0030]    The moisture-wicking pad layer  204  may be made of or include a moisture-wicking material that transfers (and/or facilitates the transfer) of moisture or liquid from its inner surface  210  (i.e., the surface facing the wearer) to its outer surface  212  (i.e., the surface facing away the wearer and facing and/or in contact with the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206 ). In one embodiment, the inner fabric-body layer  116  of the undergarment  100 , as described above, provides the moisture-wicking pad layer  20 . 4 . That is, the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  is part of the inner fabric-body layer  116 , which itself exhibits moisture-wicking properties throughout the fabric body  104  and/or just in the crotch area  110 . In another embodiment, the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  is a layer separate and distinct from the inner fabric-body layer  116  and may be attached thereto using, for example, stitches. The inner fabric-body layer  116  may be moisture-wicking even if the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  is a separate layer. 
         [0031]    The moisture-wicking pad layer  204  may comprise, consist of, or include any moisture-wicking material known in the art. The material may be naturally moisture-wicking and/or be treated to become moisture-wicking. In one embodiment, moisture-wicking pad layer  204  includes at least 51% cotton. One or both inner and outer surfaces  210 ,  212  of the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  may be treated with a hydrophilic composition or material (e.g., polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, poly acrylic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydrophilic silicones, or hydrophilic polyurethanes) and/or a hydrophobic composition or material (e.g., silicones, polyfluoroalkylacrylates, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, or waxes) to create a net hydrophilic gradient over the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  (i.e., the inner surface  210  may be less hydrophilic (i.e., more hydrophobic) whereas the outer surface  212  may be more hydrophilic). For example, the inner surface  210  may be treated with a hydrophobic material and/or the outer surface  212  may be treated with a hydrophilic material. As a result, a combination of a “pushing” force generated by any hydrophObic properties of the inner surface  210  (and/or portions of the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  near the inner surface  210 ) and a “pulling” force generated by any hydrophilic properties of the outer surface  212  (and/or portions of the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  near the outer surface  212 ) may wick any moisture or liquid through the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  and away from the wearer (i.e., from the inner surface  210  to the outer surface  212 ). The hydrophilic and hydrophobic compositions may be applied to the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  using any conventional methods; see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,842,625, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. In one embodiment, the rate of wicking through the moisture-wicking pad layer  20 . 4  may be controlled to be faster or slower. The rate may be set at a maximum rate of absorption of the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  to thereby ensure that all, or a significant percentage of, the moisture wicking through the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  is absorbed by the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  and does not, for example, leak beyond the confines of the undergarment. The rate of wicking may be controlled by the density, thickness, or composition of the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  and/or by the amount and type of hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic material applied to said layer. In another embodiment, the rate of wicking may be set such that the inner surface of the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  feels “dry” or mostly dry to the wearer while the outer surface of the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  feels wet. Additionally, the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  may include an antimicrobial layer  214  by applying an antimicrobial solution, such as a silver nitrate solution, to the inner surface  210  thereof to provide an antimicrobial barrier, thereby reducing infections caused by microorganisms. The antimicrobial layer  214  may be disposed at the inner surface  210  of the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  and/or be distributed throughout the moisture-wicking pad layer  204 . The hydrophilic composition, hydrophobic composition, and/or antimicrobial solution may be applied to the entire innermost layer  204  or a part thereof (such as the portion that has an absorption layer thereover as further described below). 
         [0032]    The moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  may comprise, consist of or include any liquid-absorbing material known in the art (e.g., cotton, a cotton blend, foam, a synthetic material, absorbent polymeric foam a nanotechnology-based or -produced material, or any other moisture-absorbent material) and may have a weight of 180-300 g/m 2 . Referring to FIGS,  3 A- 3 D, the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  may have various shapes and/or sizes; a small size ( FIG. 3D ), a medium size ( FIG. 3B ), or a large size ( FIG. 3C ). Referring to  FIG. 3A , for example, the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  may have a curved-shape and be disposed along the crotch area  302  between the leg holes  304 . Alternatively, referring to  FIG. 3B , the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  may extend beyond the crotch region  302  and up the back panel (such as, to the waistband  306  around the waist opening) to provide extra absorption capabilities for wearers when they sleep or recline. For example, the extension region  308  may include two pairs of opposing curved peripheral edges  310 ,  312 ; the first pair  310  of the edges may extend along the leg openings  304  proximate the crotch region  302  and the second pair  312  of the edges may be located beyond the crotch region  302  and flare outward. In one embodiment, the rear segment of the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  has opposing peripheral edges that are tapered toward the waistband  306 ; this design offers effective fluid absorption to the most important areas while economically saving the fabric material and reducing any bulky feeling for the wearers. Referring to  FIG. 3C , in another embodiment, the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  may extend up the front panel  314  to provide additional regions for liquid absorption; this provides the wearer the most absorption capability and helps prevent liquid leakage when, for example, the wearer leans forward. Though the preceding discussion was made with reference to the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206 , the other layers (e.g., moisture-wicking pad layer  204  and the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208 ) may have the same or similar sizes and shapes. 
         [0033]    The moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  may comprise, consist of, or include any wholly or partially moisture-blocking material known in the art. Referring again to  FIG. 2 , in some embodiments, the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  includes a moisture-impermeable polymer layer  216  (e.g., breathable urethane or wax) on the surface  218  facing away from the wearer (and/or in contact with the outer fabric-body layer  104  of the undergarment) to create a leak-proof barrier against leakage of the liquid flow. The moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  may further include a layer, material, or coating (such as a soft fabric layer) between the moisture-impermeable polymer layer  216  and the wearer, Because the moisture-impermeable polymer layer  216  is positioned on the outer surface  218  of the soft fabric (with respect to the wearer), any discomfort due to the polymer, plastic, wax cotton, or other such moisture-impermeable material pressing against the wearer&#39;s skin is thus minimized or eliminated. Additionally, the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  may be shaped based on the shape of the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206 . In a preferred embodiment, moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  is disposed only or substantially only in the crotch area  110  (in accordance with the variations shown in, for example,  FIGS. 7A ,  7 B,  7 C, as described in greater detail below), to allow other areas of the fabric body of the undergarment not covered by the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  to “breathe” (i.e. to allow moisture to pass freely), to thereby enhance the comfort of the wearer. For example, the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  may have an identical shape and size as that of the absorption layer  206 . Alternatively, the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  and the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  may have identical or similar shapes but different sizes. For example, the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  may be larger than the moisture-absorbent pad. layer  206  to avoid leakage from any point on the border of the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  or may be smaller than the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  to provide leakage protection only in the areas that are most likely to leak. Again, the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  may cover the crotch region only or may be extended therebeyond to the front and/or back panels as set forth above. 
         [0034]    In various embodiments, the outer fabric-body layer  118  of the garment forms the outermost layer of the multilayer pad. Because the outer fabric-body layer  118  may be made of thick fabric (e.g., 100-500 g/m 2 ), it is capable of covering the patterns of the middle pad layers (i.e., the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  and the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206 ) and the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  such that the shapes of the inner pad layers  204 ,  206 ,  208  are not visible through the undergarment. If the inner fabric-body layer  116  of the garment forms the innermost pad layer (i.e., the moisture-wicking layer  204 ) of the pad  202 , the middle pad layers  206 ,  208  are stitched to the surface of the innermost pad layer  204  and/or the outermost fabric-body layer  118  prior to sewing the inner and outer fabric-body layers  116 ,  118  of the undergarment together such that the stitch marks of the multilayer pads  202  are visible internally but not externally. Similarly, when the inner fabric-body layer  116  of the garment and the innermost layer of the pad are two separate layers, the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  and middle pad layers  206 ,  208  may be stitched to the inner fabric-body layer  116  and/or the outer fabric-body layer  118  of the undergarment prior to finishing the undergarment by sewing the inner and outer fabric-body layers  116 ,  118  together. Referring to  FIGS. 4A ,  4 B, and  4 C, lines  402 ,  404 ,  406 ,  408 ,  410  indicate various exemplary methods of stitching the middle pad layers  206 ,  208  (and moisture-wicking pad layer  204 ) to the inner fabric-body layer  116  and/or outer fabric-body layer  118  of the undergarment to ensure effective leak protection as well as to ensure breathability of the entire garment. In one embodiment, the stitching lines  406 ,  408 ,  410  are not visible from exterior front  412  and rear  414  views of the undergarment; the stitching may be visible from “inside-out” front  416  and rear  418  views of the undergarment. In another embodiment, the stitching lines  406 ,  408 ,  410  are not visible in the inside-out views  416 ,  418 . Stitching along the lines  406 ,  408 , and/or  410  illustrated in  FIG. 4B  may, in particular provided enhanced comfort to a wearer, provide additional support for the multi-layer pad, and/or provide additional leak resistance. In a preferable embodiment, the seams that hold together the multiple layers of the pad and/or the inner and outer fabric-body layers of the undergarment are densely or tightly stitched such that the available surface area for leakage is reduced. Because the overall thickness of the multilayer pad is sufficiently thin (e.g., up to one centimeter or up to several centimeters), the multilayer pad does not change the shape of the undergarment and may not even be noticeable to the wearer or other viewer. Additionally, the multilayer pad and undergarment may be made of conventional knitted fabric materials, such as a blend of NYLON, LYCRA, SPANDEX, silk, cotton, etc., and therefore may be manufactured using conventional stitching approaches for fabrics. 
         [0035]    Referring to  FIGS. 5A and 5B , in various embodiments, the inner fabric-body layer  116  of the garment includes a thin fabric, an area  510  of which is cut open to form one or more pocket spaces  502  enclosed by the outer fabric-body layer  118 . One or more removable pads  504  having a moisture-wicking pad layer  204  (and, optionally, having the antimicrobial application thereon), a moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  and a moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  act as unitary inserts that can seamlessly fit within the pocket space  502 . The pocket(s)  502  that retains the removable pad(s)  504  may be located in the crotch region only or may extend therebeyond. Dashed lines  506  indicate the seams of the pocket(s)  502 ; the removable pad  504  may extend beneath the inner fabric-body layer  116  until its borders lie at or near the seams  506  of the pocket  502 . The cut-out areas  510  may be used to insert the removable pad  504  within the pocket  502 . The embodiment of  FIG. 5A  depicts a larger cut-out area  510 , which may make insertion/removal of the pad  504  easier for a wearer, while the embodiment of  FIG. 5B  depicts a smaller cut-out area  510 , which may better retain the pad  504  against undesirable movement. Any size or shape of the cut-out area  510 , or of the seams  506 , is within the scope of the current invention, In an alternative embodiment, the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  is integrated with the fabric body, i.e., the outer fabric-body layer  118 , and is not removable; the insertable pad  504  then includes the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  (and optionally the antimicrobial application thereon) and the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206 . The insertable pad  504  may have a size similar to or smaller than the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208 ; alternatively, the insertable pad  504  may extend as a unitary panel beyond the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208 . If the inner fabric-body layer  116  forms the moisture-wicking pad layer  204 , a pocket space may be created between the moisture-wicking pad layer  204  and the outer fabric-body layer  118 . In this case, the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  may be coated with the antimicrobial solution, and again, the moisture-absorbent pad layer  206  and the moisture-impermeable pad layer  208  may form the removable pad  504  that can be inserted into the pocket space  502 . Because the insertable pads  504  may be removed and changed frequently, they may be preferable to the wearer for sanitary reasons. Additionally, since the insertable pads  504  are washable and reusable, they provide a solution for reducing the wearer&#39;s cost and are also environmentally-friendly. 
         [0036]      FIGS. 6A and 6B  depict overhead and isometric views of undergarments  602 ,  604  in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.  FIGS. 7A ,  7 B, and  7 C depict undergarments  700 A,  700 B,  700 C and associated multilayer pads  702 A,  702 B, and  702 C having various sizes and shapes. The first pad  702 A may be used for light-flow days, the second pad  702 B may be used for medium-flow days, and the third pad  702 C may be used for heavy-flow days. The present invention is not limited to only these exemplary embodiments of the pads  702 A,  702 B,  702 C, however, and any other such shapes are within the scope of the present invention. Each multilayer pad  702 A,  702 B,  702 C may have three layers  704 A,  706 A,  708 A;  704 B,  706 B,  708 B;  704 C,  706 C,  708 C, respectively. The first layer  704 A,  704 B,  704 C may be the moisture-wicking pad layer, as described above (and may also include an anti-microbial layer or treatment, as also described above). The second layer  706 A,  706 B,  706 C may be the moisture-absorbent layer, and the third layer  708 A,  7089 ,  708 C may be the moisture-impermeable layer, as described above. The third layer  708 A,  708 B,  708 C may include a ridge  710 A,  710 B,  710 C running around all or a portion of the periphery of the third layer  708 A,  708 B,  708 C; this ridge may be made of the same material as the moisture-impermeable pad layer (e.g., polyurethane or other moisture-impermeable material) or any other material. The height of the ridge  710 A,  710 B,  710 C with respect to the plane of the third layer  708 A,  708 B,  708 C may be greater than or equal to the thickness of the second layer  706 A,  706 B,  706 C and/or the first layer  704 A,  704 B,  704 C to thereby prevent or deter moisture leaks from the second layer  706 A,  706 B,  706 C. 
         [0037]    The undergarment of the current invention includes various advantages (e.g., leak prevention, stain prevention, moisture-wicking comfort, antimicrobial management, cramp relief and liquid absorption), thereby providing the wearer with a supportive, comfortable and effective way to manage her needs; whereas the conventionally available products either have poor liquid absorption or are too thick or bulky to wear comfortably. In addition, the stitches for integrating the multilayer pad with the fabric body in the undergarment of the current invention may be hidden inside the fabric body such that the entire pad appears to be seamless and is thereby invisible to the wearer. Further, the various shapes of the multilayer pad provide various options to balance the need of sufficient liquid absorption and comfort (e.g., breathable and less bulky) of the undergarment. 
         [0038]    The undergarment of the current invention need not be comprised only of the four layers as described above; other layers may be additionally or alternatively incorporated in between or outside the four-layer structure for providing additional absorption support, decoration, or any other functionality. In addition, the ordering of the layers in the above-described four-layer structure may be interchanged to the extent that the key functionalities, including moisture wicking, leak and stain resistance, and antimicrobial support, are retained and further supported by such an ordering. 
         [0039]    Additionally, in various alternative embodiments the fibrous materials described in specific embodiments herein may be substituted by materials that would be recognizable as compatible by those skilled in the art. Further, the chemicals, compounds, stains, dyes and other treatments or elements of the garment, its design, or the process by which it is created may be substituted with other known materials recognized by those skilled in art, including but not limited to hydrophilic elements, hydrophobic elements, sealants, foams, and others. The various components or subparts of an embodiment of the embodiment itself may be substituted and used with other subparts of other embodiments and various combinations thereof provided the claimed functionalities or general purpose of the design is preserved. 
         [0040]    Certain embodiments of the present invention were described above. It is, however, expressly noted that the present invention is not limited to those embodiments, but rather the intention is that additions and modifications to what was expressly described herein are also included within the scope of the invention. Moreover, it is to be understood that the features of the various embodiments described herein were not mutually exclusive and can exist in various combinations and permutations, even if such combinations or permutations were not made express herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In fact, variations, modifications, and other implementations of what was described herein will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention. As such, the invention is not to be defined only by the preceding illustrative description.