Abstract:
This is a multi-functional warning system for a vehicle and the related control method. This system is composed of a host unit and branch units. The branch unit is deposed in a tire, which includes sensor(s) for monitoring the pressure, temperature or other information about the tire; if it detected a tire in deflated high temperature or loosed status, it would generate a RF signal that would be sent to the host unit. The hosts unit deals with not only aforesaid RF signals, but also signals from acceleration sensor and signals about high-water-temp, low-oil pressure etc., a CPU processes all information and then gives a corresponding indication in voice, digital and light to warn the driver. Upon severe tire failure or high deceleration of the vehicle, the host unit send out a warning signal, make a warning light flicker to provide the follow-on vehicle with a warning, in bad weather it can turn on the warning light to guide and prevent rear-end collision. The system has advantage of giving an intelligent warning for tires, devices in the vehicle, and the trouble like high deceleration, which secure the safety of the personnel and the vehicle.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     The present application claims the priority of the patent application for invention No. 03138016.6 filed on May 25, 2003 and titled “Multi-Function Alarm System For Vehicle and Related Control Method”, which is incorporated herein by reference.  
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The present invention relates to an alarm system for vehicle and a method for controlling the same, particularly to an alarm system for malfunction of tires, machines and urgent slow down of a vehicle and related control method.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     With the economic development worldwide, investment in infrastructure has been increasing, which has led to great improvement in quality, dramatic mile extension and average vehicle speed on highways. As a result, countries and the residents thereof have undoubtedly benefited from these improvements. However, traffic accidents especially those caused by such vehicle malfunction as tire break and rear-end collision have also increased dramatically, which have led to huge loss of lives and assets. Statistics from the Traffic Management Branch under the Ministry of Public Security of China shows that, in China, traffic accidents in 2000 killed 93.9 thousand people with a 12% increase of 1999 in which year 83.5 thousand people were killed in traffic accidents, and traffic accidents in 2001 killed 105.9 thousand people with a 13% year-on-year increase of 2000. To make clear sense, these data can be explained as that, in the past several years, the population killed by traffic accidents is equivalent to that there were two severe air crashes of 747 flights every day in China with passengers on board all being killed, or there were a population of a small-town-size vanishing in China every year. Professionally, “mortality rate per 10 thousand vehicles” is a very important criteria illustrating traffic-safety state in a region. In 2001, this rate in China reached 15.45. All the above statistics manifests that traffic safety should be considered an important factor in the coming traffic development and should be emphasized as the top guide for individual traffic behaviors.  
         [0004]     The Chinese patent for utility model No. CN02222006.2 published on Jan. 8, 2003 discloses a “non-contact tire detector and monitoring device” comprising sensors, an amplifier, a comparator, a display device, a keyboard and a microprocessor among others. The detector and the monitoring device communicate with each other wirelessly, hence making it possible to detect the parameters of the tires in a non-contact way. However, the system only adopts a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor operating rechargeably. Therefore, the mounting of the system is complicated and the system is easy to be damaged.  
         [0005]     The Chinese patent application for invention No. CN1305907A filed on Jan. 14, 2000 discloses a method and a device for remote-controlled detection and remote-end display of tire conditions, wherein the device includes:  
         [0006]     a tire pressure detecting unit disposed in each tire of a vehicle;  
         [0007]     a monitoring unit mounted in a vehicle and connected directly or indirectly to a system power supply of the vehicle; and  
         [0008]     a remote control and display unit carried by a user for directly transferring thereto the tire pressure detected by the detecting unit or indirectly transferring the same through the monitoring unit by use of an RF transceiver and a remote control.  
         [0009]     Accordingly, the tire pressure can be detected without entering a cab or starting the system power supply of a vehicle.  
         [0010]     However, this device can only detect the tire pressure of a vehicle only before the vehicle is started, and hence can not send alarms during the run of the vehicle.  
         [0011]     Another example goes to the U.S. patent application for invention No. U.S. 2003/0020604A1 published on Jan. 30, 2003 and directed to a “device for monitoring at least one parameter for a plurality of vehicle wheels”. Therein, the device comprises a detector unit and a control unit, said detector unit having a transmitter unit that respectively transmits a phase-modulated or frequency-modulated signal to a central evaluation and control unit. However, this detector unit is mainly used for detecting pressures and temperatures of tires.  
         [0012]     The PCT application of “tire sensor unit” filed on May 22, 2003 discloses a sensor unit that is able to receive energy from one side of a vehicle body in a contactless way. The functions of this sensor unit are limited to detecting tire pressures and the like and transferring information to a receiving device wirelessly.  
         [0013]     As can be seen from the above examples of the prior art, conventional vehicle tire detecting and warning devices generally have the following disadvantages: 
        1. Mechanical pressure switches adopted for deflation detection lack precision and reliability;     2. Systems working in inductive charging measures are complicated in mounting and easy to be damaged;     3. Proper use of tires can not be guaranteed as data of pressure and temperature can not be displayed precisely and promptly;     4. Voice warning is not provided, whereby a driver running a vehicle may not fixate on traffic conditions ahead; and     5. Wireless warning or light warning is not provided to a following vehicle upon a sudden tire failure or high deceleration of a vehicle, for which reason, rear-end collision may easily occur.        
 
         [0019]     Statistics shows that tire break and rear-end collision of vehicles account for over 60% of total traffic accidents. Reasons for tire break can be summarized into: over-high tire pressure; tire deflation; abnormal increase of tire temperature; tire loose and tire breakaway from a vehicle body. Reasons for rear-end collision can be summarized into the following accidents: a followed vehicle suddenly goes out of control due to tire breaking; a poor weather condition makes it hard to see a followed vehicle clearly; and an accident of a followed vehicle can not be notified in advance. Therefore, a multi-function alarm system for vehicle is urgently required such that the following functions can be integrated therein for protecting the safety of a driver: tire pressure/temperature/loose monitoring, safety detection of vehicle devices, anti-rear collision and vehicle navigation in heavy weather.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020]     To overcome one or more disadvantages of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an alarm system for malfunction of tires, machines and urgent slow down of a vehicle, which is capable of monitoring abnormal vehicle conditions (such as pressures, the temperatures or loose of tires) and sending out waning message in case of emergent braking.  
         [0021]     It is another object of the present invention to provide a warning method of an alarm system for malfunction of tires, machines and urgent slow down of a vehicle, which is able to monitor abnormal conditions of a vehicle and send out waning messages to a driver in case of emergent braking.  
         [0022]     The technical solution of the present invention is composed of a host unit and at least one extension unit. When a vehicle provided with the multi-function alarm system of this invention is started, the at least one extension unit mounted in the tire of the vehicle performs a real-time detection through dynamic, pressure, temperature and sound wave sensors. Upon detection of deflation, a high temperature or a loose state of a tire, the system first generates and then sends out an RF signal to the host unit. The CPU of the host unit processes acceleration sensor signals and level signals representative of lack of gas, a high temperature of water, handbrake-on and battery power shortage. After further process of these signals, the host unit sends out corresponding indications in voice, text and light so as to warn the driver in time. Upon severe tire malfunction or high deceleration, the host unit sends out an RF warning signal and powers a warning light to flicker so as to warn a following vehicle. Besides, the warning light can also be used to prevent rear-end collision in case of poor visibility. Thus, the system may provide intelligent warnings to a driver on tires, devices and running states of a vehicle. Thereby the safety of both the driver and the vehicle is guaranteed.  
         [0023]     According to one aspect of the present invention, an alarm system for malfunction of tires, machines and urgent slow down of a vehicle is provided, the alarm system comprising:  
         [0024]     a host unit  12 ; and at least one extension unit  11 ; wherein the host unit  12  at least comprises: a processing unit  34 ; an acceleration sensor  39 ; an acceleration processor  38 ; an RF transceiver  31 ; a power supply regulator  37 ; and an output unit; further wherein the acceleration sensor  39  is connected to the CPU  34  through the acceleration processor  38 , the input end of the power supply regulator  37  is connected to the power supply controlled by the key of the vehicle while the output end of the same is connected to the CPU  34 , and the RF transceiver  31  is also connected to the CPU  34  for receiving instructions and communicating with the at least one extension unit  11 ;  
         [0025]     wherein the at least one extension unit  11  at least comprises: a central processing unit (CPU)  24 ; a sound wave sensor  23 ; a transmission module  25 ; and power supply means; wherein the sound wave sensor  23  is connected to the CPU  24  for transmitting detection signals to the CPU  24  under the control of the latter, the power supply means is connected to the CPU  24  for supplying power to the at least one extension unit, and the transmission module  25  is connected to the CPU  24  for transmitting the detected data to the host unit  12 ; and  
         [0026]     wherein detection of tires, devices and high deceleration are performed during the run of a vehicle. When abnormal conditions, if any, are detected, the at least one extension unit transfers relevant data to the host unit which then analyzes and processes data from the acceleration processor and sends out warning messages to the driver.  
         [0027]     Preferably, said at least one extension unit  11  further comprises a pressure sensor  21  for transmitting data to the host unit through the transmission module  25  when the detected tire pressure value offsets a preset pressure reference, in which case, a warning message of abnormal pressure is sent out by the host unit.  
         [0028]     Preferably, said at least one extension unit  11  further comprises a temperature sensor for transmitting data to the host unit through the transmission module  25  when the detected tire temperature value offsets a preset temperature reference, in which case, a warning message of abnormal temperature is sent out by the host unit.  
         [0029]     Preferably, said power supply means further comprises a reverse power supply  27  and a dynamic-state sensor  26 , wherein said dynamic-state sensor controls the operation of the reverse power supply  27  so as to discontinuously supply power to the CPU  24  during the run of the vehicle.  
         [0030]     Preferably, said dynamic-state sensor  26  is a cylindrical metal tube, inside the center of which is a spring fixed by an insulator from each end of which two poles are respectively led out. In static state, the metal tube is disconnected from the spring, while in dynamic state, the mechanism composed of the cylindrical metal tube and the spring is discontinuously conductive.  
         [0031]     Preferably, the host unit  12  further comprises an instruction control  35 , which controls the output unit through the CPU  34  for repetitively display or play recorded data.  
         [0032]     Preferably, the host unit  12  further comprises a warning light  30  composed of either a yellow illuminant of a high-luminance LED or a flickering light. When receiving a signal for turning on the light, the warning light  30  may flash in a given frequency. Thus a warning message is sent out to a following vehicle.  
         [0033]     Preferably, the host unit  12  further comprises a vehicle failure level input end  36  which is connected to the positive poles of the indicator lights respectively warning a high temperature of water, handbrake-on, lack of gas, and door-open. In response to any of these malfunction, a high level signal is output from the positive pole of the corresponding indicator light, and controls an output unit to output corresponding information of the failure when processed by the CPU  34  and a relevant software program. Thus, a warning message for the failure of the operation or the device of a vehicle is sent out to the driver.  
         [0034]     Preferably, the output unit comprises a voice module  32  and a display module  33 , the two of which are respectively connected to the CPU  34  for outputting warning message in either sound or text.  
         [0035]     Preferably, the voice module  32  adopts solid-state recording devices to record sound that reads out relevant data and announces a warning message. Thus a sound database is formed in said voice module that is able to synthesize hundreds of sentences.  
         [0036]     According to a further aspect of the present invention, an alarm system for malfunction of tires, machines and urgent slow down of a vehicle is provided, comprising: a host unit  12 ; and at least one extension unit  11 ; wherein the host unit  12  at least comprises: a central processing unit (CPU)  34 ; an acceleration sensor  39 ; an acceleration processor  38 ; an RF transceiver  31 ; a power supply regulator  37 ; an warning light  30 , an instruction control  35 ; and an output unit; further wherein the acceleration sensor  39  is connected to the CPU  34  through the acceleration processor  38 , the input end of the power supply regulator  37  is connected to the power supply controlled by the key of the vehicle while the output end of the same is connected to the CPU  34 , and the RF transceiver  31  is also connected to the CPU  34  for receiving instructions and communicating with at least one extension unit, the instruction control  35  is connected to the CPU  34  and controls the output unit to repetitively display or play the recorded data, and the warning light  30  is connected to the CPU  34  and flashes in a given frequency when receiving a signal for turning on the light from the CPU  34 ;  
         [0037]     and wherein the extension units at least comprises: a central processing unit (CPU)  24 ; a sound wave sensor  23 ; a transmission module  25 ; power supply means; a pressure sensor  21 ; and a temperature sensor  22 ; further wherein the sound wave sensor  23  is connected to the CPU  24  for transmitting detection signals to the CPU  24  under the control of the CPU  24 , the power supply means is connected to the CPU  24  for supplying power to the at least one extension unit, the transmission module  25  is connected to the CPU  24  for transmitting the detected data to the host unit  12 , the pressure sensor  21  is connected to the CPU  24  for transmitting data to the host unit through the transmission module  25  when the detected tire pressure value offsets a preset pressure reference, and the temperature sensor  22  is for transmitting data to the host unit through the transmission module  25  when the detected tire temperature value offsets a preset temperature reference, and  
         [0038]     wherein detection to the malfunction of tires, devices and high deceleration of a vehicle are performed in a dynamic status of the vehicle. When abnormity, if any, is detected, the at least one extension unit will transfer relevant data to the host unit which then analyzes and processes data from the acceleration processor and send out warning messages to the driver.  
         [0039]     According to a further aspect of the present invention, a warning method for an alarm system for malfunction of tires, machines and urgent slow down of a vehicle is provided, which comprises the steps of: 
        (a) setting various parameters for the host unit  12  and the at least one extension unit  11  and initializing the reference tire pressure for the tire provided with the at least one extension unit  11  after the vehicle is started;     (b) enabling the CPU  24  of the at least one extension unit  11  to periodically access at least one of the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the sound wave sensor and then analyze the accessed data so as to control the transmission module  25  to transmit the data to the host unit  12  when the data is found abnormal; and     (c) enabling the host unit  12  to receive data from the at least one extension unit  11  and analyze data respectively from the acceleration processor  38  and the vehicle failure level input end so as to control the output unit to send out a warning message when the data received is found abnormal.        
 
         [0043]     Preferably, the step (a) further comprises a substep in which the CPU  34  of the host unit  12  writes the pressure data measured through the first 2 to 4 times by each extension unit to a memory. The written data is used as reference pressures for corresponding tires.  
         [0044]     Preferably, the pressure data of each tire is measured three times.  
         [0045]     Preferably, a self-detection step follows the step (a), such that each extension unit  11  will transfer a pressure data to the host unit  12  for self-detection after the first several starting minutes of the vehicle.  
         [0046]     Preferably, the method further comprises a step according to which the reverse power supply  27  of the at least one extension unit  11  still supplies power for a delayed time period after the vehicle stops. Thereafter, the power supply is stopped.  
         [0047]     Preferably, the method further comprises a step according to which the host unit  12  controls the following functions through corresponding keys on the instruction control  35 : repeatedly displaying text data, repeatedly playing sound data, manually opening/closing the warning light, and selecting tire sequence numbers.  
         [0048]     Preferably, the method further comprises a step according to which the sound wave sensor  23  of the at least one extension unit  11  transmits the vibration signals of the detected tire to the CPU  24  which further compares the received vibration signals with the pre-stored data so as to judge whether the tire is loose. If the tire is loose, the CPU  24  controls the transmission module  25  to send high speed warning data to the host unit. Thus, the detection of a tire loose failure is achieved.  
         [0049]     Preferably, the method further comprises a step according to which the CPU  24  of the at least one extension unit  11  switches from a standby state to a working state every second utilizing a watch dog. In working state, the CPU accesses the pressure sensor  21 , the temperature sensor  22  and the sound wave sensor  23  respectively so as to detect whether the data therefrom are within a normal range, and to control the transmission module  25  to send warning data to the host unit when abnormal data is detected.  
         [0050]     Preferably, the method further comprises a step according to which the acceleration sensor  39  with high sensibility of the host unit  12  dynamically monitors a high deceleration failure through the acceleration processor  38  and relevant software programs, and sends abnormal signals, if any, to the CPU  34  that will control the RF transceiver  31  and the warning light  30  to warn a following vehicle. The warning will be canceled when the failure is removed.  
         [0051]     Preferably, the output unit comprises a voice module  32  and a display module  33 , the two of which are respectively connected to the CPU  34  for outputting warning data in either sound or text.  
         [0052]     Preferably, the method further comprises a step according to which the voice module  32  sends out voice alarms of different dangers, pressure data and temperature data under the control of the CPU  34  of the host unit  12  and relevant software programs. Thus, the driver will hear different information needed.  
         [0053]     The present invention has the following advantages.  
         [0054]     RF high speed data encoding/decoding transmission is adopted in the communication between the host unit and the at least one extension unit according to the present invention which also involves a software program for data correcting and a function of automatic warning for radio co-frequency interference. Accordingly, time occupancy of a channel for data receiving and transmitting is reduced, whereby the use-efficiency of frequency is improved and the dynamic warning reliability is enhanced.  
         [0055]     Comprehensive and intelligent warming of malfunction regarding tires, devices and high deceleration of a vehicle is realized as the at least one extension unit and the host unit according to the present invention are capable of detecting difference sensors. As a result, the life of the vehicle is extended as long as possible, the oil exhausting volume is reduced and the safety and comfort of the vehicle are guaranteed.  
         [0056]     According to the present invention, the CPU of the host unit and relevant software programs will control the RF transceiver and the warning light to warn a following vehicle when a failure is detected and will automatically cancel the warning when the failure is removed; meanwhile, the warning light can be also manually turned on/off. Thus, vehicles can be navigated in foggy weather and rear-end collision can be prevented.  
         [0057]     According to the present invention, the voice module sends out sound warnings of dangers, pressure and temperature under the control of the CPU  34  of the host unit  12  and relevant software programs. Thus the driver can hear all relevant information while fixating traffic conditions ahead.  
         [0058]     The at least one extension unit according to the present invention is mounted to each desired tire of a vehicle, in the first three times&#39; run of which, the host unit will receive the self-detected pressure data of each tire and write the received data to an EEROM as a standard pressure of each corresponding tire (i.e. a reference tire pressure for the system of the present invention), such that the system of the present invention is adaptable for tire warning of different types of vehicles.  
         [0059]     The at least one extension unit according to the present invention is automatically controlled by using a dynamic-state sensor to control the reverse power supply, whereby is still supplied with power for delayed several minutes after the tire starts or stops running. Thereafter, the power supply is stopped, and no power is consumed if the vehicle is stopped for over said several minutes. As a result, the life of each cell in the extension unit(s) may exceed 5 years.  
         [0060]     The CPU and relevant software programs of the at least one extension unit according to the present invention transfers pressure data to the host unit after several minutes&#39; run of a vehicle; upon reception of the data, the host unit determines whether the data from different extension units is received. Thus the self-detection step is finished and the safety of the vehicle is guaranteed. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0061]      FIG. 1  is a schematic block diagram of the multi-function system for vehicle of the present invention  
         [0062]      FIG. 2  is a schematic block diagram showing the specific connection of components in the at least one extension unit  11  of the multi-function system for vehicle of the present invention;  
         [0063]      FIG. 3  is a schematic block diagram of host unit of the multi-function system for vehicle of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0064]     The foregoing and other objects, functions and advantages of the present invention will be clearly described in the following detailed description in connection with the drawings.  
         [0065]     In the embodiment of the present invention, a four-wheel vehicle is exemplified. However, the embodiment herein shall not be regarded as a limitation to the present invention. In stead, the present invention is applicable to all vehicles with tire(s), including motors, tricycles, sedans, multi-wheeled vans and other vehicles for carrying purpose.  
         [0066]     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , which is a schematic block diagram of the alarm system for failures of tires, machines and urgent slow down of a vehicle according to the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 1 , the system comprises a host unit  12  and at least one extension unit  11 . Further, the host unit  12  is mounted in the cab while the at least one extension unit  11  is fixed on the inner steel circle of each tire. The host unit and the at least one extension unit communicate with each other wirelessly.  
         [0067]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing the specific connection of components in the at least one extension unit  11  of the alarm system for vehicle according to the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the at least one extension unit  11  comprises:  
         [0068]     a pressure sensor  21 ;  
         [0069]     a temperature sensor  22 ;  
         [0070]     a sound wave sensor  23 ;  
         [0071]     a central processing unit (CPU)  24 ;  
         [0072]     a transmission module  25 ;  
         [0073]     a dynamic-state sensor  26 ; and  
         [0074]     a reverse power supply  27 ;  
         [0075]     wherein the CPU  24  is a main control module that controls the pressure sensor  21 , the temperature sensor  22 , the sound wave sensor  23  and the transmission module  25 , while the pressure sensor  21 , the temperature sensor  22 , the sound wave sensor  23  and the transmission module  25  are respectively connected to the CPU  24  for communicating with the CPU  24 , receiving instructions and transmitting information; the dynamic-state sensor  26  is connected to the reverse power supply  27  for controlling the working state of the reverse power supply  27  to supply power discontinuously; and the CPU  24  is also connected to the reverse power supply  27  such that the CPU  24  may power any one of the pressure sensor  21 , the temperature sensor  22 , the sound wave sensor  23  and the transmission module  25  during the power supply period of the reverse power supply  27 .  
         [0076]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of alarm system for failures of tires, machines and urgent slow down of a vehicle according to the present invention. As can be seen from  FIG. 3 , the host unit  12  comprises:  
         [0077]     a warning light  30 ;  
         [0078]     an RF transceiver  31 ;  
         [0079]     a voice module  32 ;  
         [0080]     a display module  33 ;  
         [0081]     a central processing unit (CPU)  34 ;  
         [0082]     an instruction control  35 ;  
         [0083]     a vehicle failure level input end  36 ;  
         [0084]     a power supply regulator  37 ;  
         [0085]     an acceleration processor  38 ; and  
         [0086]     an acceleration sensor  39 ;  
         [0087]     wherein the acceleration sensor  39  is connected to the CPU  34  through the acceleration processor  38 ; the input end of the power supply regulator  37  is connected to the power supply controlled by the key of the vehicle while the output end of the same is connected to the CPU  34 ; the RF transceiver  31  is also connected to the CPU  34  for receiving instructions and transmitting data; additionally, the voice module  32 , the display module  33 , the warning light  30  and the instruction control  35  are respectively connected to the CPU  34  for receiving instruction input from a user and outputting sound warnings, light warnings and data display under the control of the CPU  34 .  
         [0088]     With reference to  FIGS. 1-3 , the control process and running process of each element in the at least one extension unit will be respectively described as follows.  
         [0089]     According to the present invention, there is provided a warning method of an alarm system for malfunction of tires, machines and urgent slow down of a vehicle mainly including the steps of:  
         [0090]     setting parameters for the host unit  12  and the at least one extension unit  11  and initializing the reference tire pressure for the tire provided with the at least one extension unit  11  after the vehicle is started;  
         [0091]     enabling the CPU  24  of the at least one extension unit  11  to periodically access at least one of the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the sound wave sensor and then analyze the accessed data so as to control the transmission module  25  to transmit the data to the host unit  12  when the data is found abnormal; and  
         [0092]     enabling the host unit  12  to receive data from the at least one extension unit  11  and analyze data respectively from the acceleration processor  38  and the vehicle failure level input end so as to control the output unit to send out a warning message when the data received is found abnormal.  
         [0093]     The dynamic-state sensor  26  is a cylindrical metal tube, inside the center of which is a spring fixed by an insulator from each end of which two poles are respectively led out. In static state, the metal tube is disconnected from the spring, while in dynamic state, the mechanism composed of the cylindrical metal tube and the spring is discontinuously conductive for charging the control capacitor (not shown) at the operating end of the reverse power supply  27  through a current-limiting resistor. When the capacitor is fully charged, the reverse power supply  27  is operated to supply power to the CPU  24 . Thus, power supply to the at least one extension unit  11  is delayed for several minutes when the tire of the vehicle starts or stops running. Thereafter, no power is consumed if the vehicle is stopped for a long time. As a result, the extension unit  11  is automatically switched on and off. That the current-limiting resistor is adopted as a delay switch for charging the control capacitor at the operating end of the reverse power supply  27  is to prevent vibrations that may cause frequent turning on/off of the dynamic-state sensor  26 , which in turn may lead to CPU  24  is frequently powered on/off.  
         [0094]     When the reverse power supply  27  is in operation, the CPU  24  of the at least one extension unit  11  switches from a standby state to a working state every second utilizing the reset function of a watch dog. In working state, the CPU accesses the pressure sensor  21 , the temperature sensor  22  and the sound wave sensor  23  respectively so as to detect whether the data therefrom are within a normal range and to transfer high speed warning data to the host unit by controlling the transmission module  25  when abnormal data is detected, wherein said high speed is greater than 19.2K bit/s. As a result, power is consumed at a low level and hence is saved.  
         [0095]     When the reverse power supply  27  is in operation, the pressure sensor  21  transmits the detected analog data of tire pressures to the CPU  24  which first converts the received analog data to digital data, then compares the converted digital data with the last stored data of tire pressures, and finally calculates the difference between the converted date and the stored data. If the difference exceeds a preset threshold, the CPU  24  controls the transmission module  25  to send warning data to the host unit  12 , thereby the detection of tire pressure change is realized. For example, when the pressure sensor  21  detects a tire pressure change not less than ⅕ of the reference tire pressure, the CPU  24  controls the transmission module  25  to send a message of “over-sufficient tire pressure” to the host unit; when the pressure sensor  21  detects a difference is 1/7 to ⅕ of the reference tire pressure, the CPU  24  controls the transmission module  25  to send a message of “tire deflation” to the host unit; when the pressure sensor  21  detects a difference is ⅕ to ⅓ of the reference tire pressure, the CPU  24  controls the transmission module  25  to send a message of “insufficient tire pressure” to the host unit; and when the pressure sensor  21  detects a difference less than ⅓ of the reference tire pressure, the CPU  24  controls the transmission module  25  to send a message of“low tire pressure” to the host unit.  
         [0096]     Additionally, when the reverse power supply  27  is in operation during the first minutes&#39; run of a vehicle, the CPU  24  accesses the pressure sensor  21  in conjunction with relevant programs so as to transmit data of tire pressure to the host unit  12  that further processes the received data. Thus self-detection of the at least one extension unit  11  is achieved.  
         [0097]     When the reverse power supply  27  is in operation, the temperature sensor  22  transmits the detected analog data of tire temperature to the CPU  24  which first compares the received data with the data of tire temperature stored minutes ago, and then determines whether the tire temperature increases too fast. If the tire temperature increases too fast or if the temperature exceeds a preset temperature value, the CPU  24  controls the transmission module  25  to send warning data to the host unit  12 , thereby the detection of high tire temperature is realized. For example, when the temperature sensor  22  detects a tire temperature increment that is over 10° C. higher than that measured 5 minutes ago, the CPU  24  controls the transmission module  25  to send a warning message of “fast increment of tire temperature” to the host unit; when the temperature sensor  22  detects a tire temperature over 70° C., the CPU  24  controls the transmission module  25  to send a warning message of “over-high tire temperature” to the host unit; and when the temperature sensor  22  detects a tire temperature over 80° C., the CPU  24  controls the transmission module  25  to send a warning message of “super-high tire temperature” to the host unit.  
         [0098]     When the reverse power supply  27  is in operation, the sound wave sensor  23  transmits the detected analog data of tire vibration to the CPU  24  which first converts the received analog data to digital data, then compares the converted digital data with the stored data of tire vibration, and finally determines whether the tire is loose. If the tire is loose, the CPU  24  controls the transmission module  25  to send warning data to the host unit  12 . Thus, after comprehensive analysis of the host unit, the detection of tire loose is realized. For example, first of all, different vehicle vibration frequencies and magnitudes are stored by simulation of different traffic conditions, and then a relevant database is established and stored in the host unit. During the run of the vehicle, the CPU of the at least one extension unit transmits the data detected by the sound wave sensor to the host unit through the transmission module; then the CPU  34  of the host unit analyses the data from the sound wave sensor in each tire: if the data from a tire is apparently different from the vibration data stored for the same tire in several continued times of detection (for example, 3-5 times), the tire is determined as loose; and if the tire remains the same vabrication frequency or magnitude at the same time instance or during the same time period, the CPU  34  does not send out any warning message.  
         [0099]     The control and running processes of each element in the host unit will be respectively described as follows.  
         [0100]     The input end of the power supply regulator  37  is connected the power supply controlled by the key of the vehicle to regulate the output voltage of the power supply when the vehicle starts; meanwhile, if the CPU  34  detects dramatic voltage decrease of the battery during vehicle-starting, it will control the voice module  32  to send out a voice message of “battery power shortage”. Thus, the detection and warning of the battery is realized. For example, when the power supply voltage in the host unit decreases from DC 12V to DC 7-8V, the CPU  34  sends out a warning message of “battery power shortage”; and when the power supply voltage in the host unit is lower than DC 7-8V, the CPU  34  sends out a warning message of “battery failure”.  
         [0101]     Both the RF transceiver  31  and the transmission module  25  of the extension unit  11  adopt hardware with high speed rate of 19.2 K bit/s and low power consumption. The high speed RF data transmission of different warning messages is comprehensively realized by the CPU  34  of the host unit, the CPU  24  of the at least one extension unit  11  and specific data correcting software for high speed data encoding/decoding. With the aid of relevant software programs, the CPU  34  is capable of automatically warning for co-frequency interference. Thus, the anti-interference ability and using efficiency of a frequency is enhanced.  
         [0102]     The acceleration sensor  39  with high sensibility dynamically monitors the high deceleration failure of the vehicle in conjunction with the acceleration processor  38  and relevant software program. If a high deceleration failure is detected, relevant signals are sent to the acceleration processor  38  which in turn analyzes the signals and then transmits the analyzed signals to the CPU  34  which further controls the RF transceiver  31  and the warning light  30  to warn a following vehicle. The warning will be automatically canceled when the failure is removed. Thus, the detection of a high deceleration failure and moving state of a vehicle is realized. For example, when the acceleration of high deceleration is larger than 5.6 m/s 2 , the CPU  34  will send out a message of “high deceleration” to call the driver&#39;s attention through both the voice module and the display module.  
         [0103]     The voice module  32  comprises a solid recording device which records sound that reads out relevant data and announces a warning message. Thus a sound database is formed in said voice module able to synthesize hundreds of sentences. With the aid of relevant programs, the CPU  34  controls the voice module  32  and the display module  33  to send out voice messages and text messages of different warnings, pressures and temperatures to the driver who can thereby hear and see different information.  
         [0104]     The vehicle failure level input end  36  is connected to the signal lines of the indicator lights respectively indicating such information as high water temperature, handbrake-on, lack of gas and door open etc. In response to any of these malfunction, a high/low level signal is output through the signal line of a corresponding indicator light. When processed by the CPU  34  and relevant software programs, the level signal next controls the sound module  32  to output corresponding information of the failure. Thereby, warning of an operational or a device failure of the vehicle is realized. For example, when an indicator light of the vehicle outputs a low level level (e.g. DC 0-2V), the CPU  34  controls the voice module  32  and the display module  33  to send out a warning message with the aid of relevant software programs, wherein the warning message might be such voice and text information as “high water temperature”, “handbrake-on”, “lack of gas and door open”, “low gas pressure” and the like.  
         [0105]     Also a self-correction function is adopted in the present invention after a extension unit is mounted to a tire of a vehicle. That is, an initial tire pressure value is set according to different tires used in different vehicles. Thus, pressure data of tire obtained through self-detection is received by the RF transceiver  31  of the host unit  12  and then is written into a memory EEROM by the CPU  34  as corresponding reference tire pressure data, thereby the standard tire pressure of a specific vehicle is stored in the system of the present invention at the first 2-4 times (preferably 3 times) normal runs (i.e., the at least one extension unit  11  is energized, and the pressure data from the at least one extension unit  11  may be received in a few minutes) of the vehicle. As a result, when the system is mounted in different types of vehicles, initial values of tire pressures are self-generated through initialization rather than resetting initial values of the software program(s).  
         [0106]     The warning light  30 , might be a high-luminance LED, a laser light or a flickering light. When receiving a signal for turning on the light from the CPU  34 , the warning light flashes in a given frequency. Thus a warning message is sent out to a following vehicle. Also, the warning light  30  may be separated from the host unit.  
         [0107]     Of the keys on the instruction control  35 , K 1  is for sound play, K 2  is for selection and K 3  is for confirmation. If pressing K 1 , the last received tire data is repetitively displayed by text and played by sound and a indicator light indicating the position of the corresponding tire is turned on; if further pressing K 1  on this basis, the second last tire data is displayed by text and played by sound; in this way, tire data received in the last four times can be displayed and played in sequence. If pressing K 3  while sound playing, the display module  33  will display “F01”, which indicates that the system is waiting for tire sequencing. Then, by pressing K 2  within 3 seconds, tire numbers of “F 02 ”, “F 03 ”, “F 04 ”, “F 05 ”, “F 06 ” and “F 01 ” are circularly displayed on the screen and mated to a specific tire by pressing K 3  again to be memorized. In this way, the tire data is respectively displayed and played and the tires are sequenced with numbers.  
         [0108]     The CPU  34  and relevant software programs in the system of the present invention store the following data as defaults: Front left tire F 01  (marked in red), front right tire F 02  (marked in green), rear right tire F 03  (marked in blue), rear left tire F 04  (marked in yellow), rear left inner tire F 05  (marked in black) and rear right inner tire F 06  (marked in white). If the at least one extension unit of the system of the present invention is mounted in correspondence to these defaults, the host unit can be directly used without further reset.  
         [0109]     When a vehicle provided with the system of the present invention reaches a certain speed, the dynamic-state sensor in the at least one extension unit  11  controls the reverse power supply to automatically supply power. Thus, the at least one extension unit  11  may perform real-time detection through the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the sound wave sensor. In the case that deflation, high temperature or loose-state of a tire is detected, an RF signal is generated and transmitted wirelessly to the host unit  12  which, upon receipt of all the data, processes signals from its acceleration sensor and high/low level signals indicating the state of lack of gas, high water temperature, handbrake-on, or power shortage of battery. The CPU  34  of the host unit  12  further processes and then delivers a corresponding indication in voice, text and light to warn the driver instantly for the sake of safety. Upon a sever tire failure or high deceleration, the host unit  12  sends out an RF warning signal and drives a warning light to flicker to warn a following vehicle, said warning light being also able to guide a vehicle in heavy weather with poor visibility and prevent rear-end collision. Thus, the system of the present invention provides an intelligent warning of tires, devices and high deceleration of a vehicle, by which the safety of the driver and/or passengers and the vehicle is guaranteed.  
         [0110]     As described above, the present invention provides an alarm system for malfunction of tires, machines and urgent slow down of a vehicle, which comprises pressure sensors, temperature sensors, sound wave sensors, dynamic-state sensors, acceleration sensors as well as modules for instruction control, voice and display. However, the present invention is not limited to a system with such a structure. A person skilled in the art can add or remove any sensor or other module as required.  
         [0111]     Preferably, the at least one extension unit  11  of the present invention may only comprise a sound wave sensor  23 , or a sound wave sensor  23  and a pressure sensor  21 , or a sound wave sensor  23  and a temperature sensor  22 . Specific configuration is flexible upon the requirement of a user.  
         [0112]     Preferably, the RF transceiver  31  or, the transmission module  25  in either the host unit  12  or the at least one extension unit  11  of the present invention is operated in a co-frequency mode. But in real practices, they may also be operated in other mode such as double-channel duplex mode or double-channel simplex mode.  
         [0113]     Preferably, the power supply means of the present invention, which is composed of the reverse power supply  27  and the dynamic-state sensor  26 , may also be realized in other manners. For example, a switch-like element may be used to control the discontinued power supply of the reverse power supply  27 .  
         [0114]     Preferably, the sensors in the at least one extension unit  11  of the present invention may be composed of separate devices such as an independent pressure sensor  21 , an independent temperature sensor  22  or an independent sound wave sensor  23 , or may be an integrated element, so long as it can fulfill the detection functions of the present invention.  
         [0115]     Preferably, the elements in the host unit  12  of the present invention may be adopted as required. For example, a user may determine that only an acceleration sensor and an acceleration processor are connected to the CPU  34 , then the output unit, such as voice module  31  or display module  33 , is connected, and the CPU  34  communicates with the at least one extension unit  11  through the RF transceiver  31  for collecting and analyzing data from the at least one extension unit  11  and then sending out warning messages.  
         [0116]     RF high speed data encoding/decoding transmission is adopted in the communication between the host unit and the at least one extension unit according to the present invention which also involve a software program for data correcting and a function of automatic warning for radio co-frequency interference. Accordingly, time occupancy of a channel for data receiving and transmitting is reduced, whereby the use-efficiency of frequency is improved and the dynamic warning reliability is enhanced.  
         [0117]     The at least one extension unit and the host unit of the present invention are capable of detecting various sensors, thus comprehensive and intelligent warming to vehicle malfunction involving tires, devices and high deceleration is achieved. As a result, the life of the vehicle is extended as long as possible, the oil consumption volume is reduced and the safety and comfort of the vehicle are guaranteed.  
         [0118]     The CPU of the host unit and relevant software programs of the prevent invention control the RF transceiver and the warning light to warn a following vehicle when any failure is detected and will automatically cancel the warning when the failure is removed. Meanwhile, the warning light can also be manually turned on/off. Thus, vehicles may be navigated in foggy weather and rear-end collision may be prevented.  
         [0119]     The voice module of the present invention sends out sound warning of dangers, pressures and temperatures under the control of the CPU of the host unit and relevant software programs. Thus the driver may hear all relevant information while fixating traffic conditions ahead.  
         [0120]     The at least one extension unit of the present invention is mounted to each desired tire of a vehicle, in the first three times&#39; run of which, the host unit receives the self-detected pressure data of each tire and write the received data to an EEROM as a standard pressure of each corresponding tire (i.e. a reference tire pressure for the system of the present invention), such that the system of the present invention is adaptable for tire warning of different types of vehicles.  
         [0121]     The at least one extension unit of the present invention automatically controls the reverse power supply through a dynamic-state sensor, whereby the system of the present invention may still supply power for a delayed several minutes after the tire starts or stops running. Thereafter, the power supply is stopped, and no power is consumed if the vehicle is stopped for more than said several minutes. As a result, the life of each cell in the at least one extension unit may exceed 5 years.  
         [0122]     The CPU and relevant software programs of the at least one extension unit of the present invention transfer pressure data to the host unit after several minutes&#39; run of a vehicle; upon reception of the data, the host unit determines whether the data from different extension units is received. Thus the self-detection step is finished and the safety of the vehicle is guaranteed.  
         [0123]     The present invention is presented above by reference of the preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the form and details of this invention can be modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims appended of the present application. Any variation, modification or equivalent substitution of the present invention should be embraced by the scope of the Claims of the present invention.