Abstract:
The present invention relates to a control system ( 200 ) and a pairing method for installation, configuration and update of a control system. In the inventive solution the control system comprises nodes ( 220   q - 220   h ) with control elements ( 210   a - 210   h ), one or several hubs ( 230   x - 230   y ), and a server ( 240 ). Identification data of assigned nodes ( 220   a,    220   b,    220   d ) is transferred from the server ( 240 ) to a hub ( 230   x ). The hub provides a pairing process with nodes that have any of the IDs stored as assigned nodes. This way an automatic pairing process is achieved, which does not require manual activation procedures of a user.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a control system and a pairing method for installation, configuration and update of a control system. The invention is applicable to e.g. control systems for controlling environmental conditions of different entities, such as apartments and offices. The environmental conditions may relate to temperature, humidity, CO 2  level, electricity, access, water supply, and lighting, for example. The invention is also applicable for controlling other electrical equipment such as domestic appliances and multimedia equipment. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    In order to save energy and to improve living environment in buildings, there are control systems for adjusting heating, air conditioning, and lighting, for example. Simple systems may include a heater, a sensor, and an adjustment panel for adjusting the desired temperature. More facilitated systems may include several sensors, actuators and control panels. There are also separate security systems available for buildings. However, the more complicated the system is, the more difficult and costly it generally is to install such a system, and make upgrades and changes in the system. 
         [0003]    Therefore, there is a tendency of increasing the use of centralized control systems in home and office environments, for example. Centralized control systems are used for achieving optimal use of energy and optimal environmental conditions for inhabitants and workers. The amount of other electronic equipment is also increasing in homes and offices, whereby a centralized control system also makes the use of the various electronic equipment easier. 
         [0004]      FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of a prior art control system. The control system  100  has a control device  130 , which has a communication connection to nodes  120   a,    120   b,    120   c  over a wired or wireless network. The nodes are further connected to control elements  110   a,    110   b,    110   c , which may be sensors or actuators, for example. The control device acquires measurement data from the sensors via the nodes, and gives instructions to the nodes for controlling the actuators. 
         [0005]    The control device has a processor  131  for implementing the control functions defined by a program and parameters stored in a memory  132 . The control device has a transceiver  135  for communicating with nodes, which have a corresponding transceiver  125 . The nodes have a microcontroller  121  with a memory  122 . The microcontroller controls the data transfer with the control device and handles data input from the sensor or data output to an actuator. 
         [0006]    When a control system is installed the nodes must be paired with the control device. This means that identification data of nodes which are under the control of the control device i.e. “assigned” to the control device, is stored in the control device in order to facilitate the communication and controlling functions with the assigned nodes. Both the nodes and the control device have switches  125  and  135  respectively for turning the units into a pairing mode. After activating the pairing mode in one node and a control device they exchange ID information through the network in order to be able to address each other in the control system. This pairing must be provided between each node and the control device. If configuration of the control system needs to be changed later, the existing pairing can be released with switches  129  and  139  of a node and the control device, respectively. 
         [0007]    There are certain disadvantages related to the prior art control systems. Firstly, in a prior art system manual activation of the pairing process is required, which may be difficult for many users. It is often necessary to install new control elements into an already functional control system, whereby such a manual pairing process is always necessary in such situations. Often it is also required to change the pairing configuration in such a way that the old configuration must first be released. It is also possible that the pairing is occasionally released due to various other reasons. After this, all nodes need to be paired to related control device, and this tends to take much time. In many systems it is also required to connect a computer in the system for the configuration. And as a further problem, sometimes the pairing process may fail. This may due to pairing of two nodes simultaneously in the network. This may often happen if the same network is used by nodes of different users, such as nodes of different apartments. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    An object of the invention is to alleviate the problems and disadvantages relating to the known prior art solutions. Especially it is the object to provide a control system and a pairing method which is easy to install, configure and update. 
         [0009]    At least a part of the objects of the invention is achieved by the present inventive solution, wherein the control system comprises nodes with control elements, one or several hubs, and a server. Identification data of assigned nodes is transferred from the server to a hub. The hub provides a pairing process with nodes that have any of the IDs stored in the hub as assigned nodes. This way an automatic pairing process is achieved which does not require manual activation procedures of a user. 
         [0010]    Control system according to the invention comprising at least one node with an interface to a control element, a microcontroller, storage for storing an ID of the node, and a transceiver for communicating with a hub, at least one hub with an interface to a server, a processor, a storage for storing ID data of a node, and a transceiver for communicating with a node, wherein a hub and a node which are assigned and paired to each other, are arranged to transfer control data with each other, is characterized in that the control system comprises a server, whereby the server is arranged to transfer to a hub identification data of those nodes which are assigned to the hub, and a hub is arranged to exchange identification data with an assigned node in order to join the hub and the node in the control system. 
         [0011]    Node according to the invention for a control system, comprising an interface to a control element, a microcontroller, storage for storing an ID of the node, and a transceiver for communicating with a hub, wherein the node is arranged to transfer control data with a hub assigned for the node, is characterized in that the node is arranged to transmit its ID to at least one hub, and to join with a hub which informs it is assigned for the node. 
         [0012]    Hub for a control system according to the invention, comprising an interface to a server, a processor, a storage for storing identification data of a node, and a transceiver for communicating with a node, wherein the hub is arranged to transfer control data with a node assigned for the hub, is characterized in that the hub is arranged to receive from a server identification data of those nodes that are assigned to the hub, to receive ID from nodes and to join with a node whose received ID is on the list of assigned nodes for the hub. 
         [0013]    Pairing method for a control system according to the invention comprising at least one node with at least one control element and at least one hub, wherein in the method a hub and a node are assigned and paired to each other and transfer control data with each other, is characterized in that the hub communicates with a server of the system, whereby identification data is transferred to a hub of those nodes which are assigned to the hub, identification data of a node is transferred from the node to at least one hub of the system, and a pairing process is provided between a node and a hub assigned to each other. 
         [0014]    Some preferable embodiments are described in dependent claims. 
         [0015]    According to one embodiment there is a wireless network for the communication between the nodes and the hub(s). When wireless network is used it is possible to install the nodes of the system without a need for network cabling between the nodes and the hub(s). The wireless communication may be according to Zigbee or some other suitable communication procedure. 
         [0016]    According to another embodiment of the invention there is a wired network, such as RS485, for the communication between the nodes and the hub(s). When a wired network is used it is possible to install several control systems without a risk of interference between the communications of nearby control systems. 
         [0017]    In one embodiment of the invention, if a node is not paired with any hub the node is programmed to transmit request messages to hubs through the network. Such a request may include the ID of the node. The hubs which are connected to the network will then check whether a node with the ID is assigned to the hub. If the node is assigned to the hub the hub will start a pairing process with the node. 
         [0018]    It is also possible that, if a node is assigned to a hub but the node is not yet paired with the hub, the hub transmits requests which may include the ID of the assigned node. When the assigned node is connected to the network the node will send a response and a pairing process is started. 
         [0019]    According to one embodiment of the invention a hub receives from the server a security certificate of a node which is assigned to the hub. This security certificate is then used in the pairing process between the hub and the assigned node in order to verify that the node is assigned to the concerned hub. The security certificate is thus verified by the node. It is also possible that the hub verifies a security certificate of a node. 
         [0020]    When additional nodes are acquired for a control system the ID of the new node is input to the server, which further transmits the assignment information to the concerned hub. When additional hubs are acquired to the control system the IDs of the hub and its assigned nodes are also stored in the server for subsequent pairing process. 
         [0021]    According to one embodiment of the invention the pairing between a node and a hub can be released by cancelling the assignment at the server, whereby the server informs the cancellation to the hub, and the hub will start the pairing cancellation with the previously assigned node(s). 
         [0022]    The server of the control system can be installed in the same premises as the hubs and nodes of the control system. In this case the there may be a wired or wireless communication connection between the server and the hubs. According to a preferable embodiment of the invention the server is located in other facilities than the other parts of the control system. The server can be operated by a third party, which may take care of the administration of several control systems which may be connected to a same server. A third party may be e.g. a house managing agency, a control system/communications operator, or a guarding agency. When the server is located in other facilities the communication between the server and the hubs may be implemented via Internet, for example. 
         [0023]    The server has a program for administrating the configuration and functionality of the control system. The control system can be configured with a terminal connected to the server, or through a communication network, such as the Internet. It is possible that stores/companies which sell hardware for control systems have an ability to send information regarding the new nodes and hubs to the server of the control systems. If the seller has access to the server the seller is able to configure the system for new nodes/hubs when they are bought. This facilitates an automatic installation after the user connects the nodes/hubs to the system. It is also preferable that the user has an access to the server for possible configuration changes. 
         [0024]    The present invention has important advantages over the prior art solutions. Firstly, it is not necessary for the user to activate the pairing process manually. The pairing can be made automatically after the nodes and hubs are installed and connected to the networks. It is also possible to add new nodes and hubs using automatic pairing process. It is even possible to use automatic process for resetting old pairing configuration partly or completely and installing a new pairing configuration. The user does not need to make manual activation/resetting or connect a computer to nodes or hubs for configuration. 
         [0025]    In the inventive control system there is no risk that simultaneous pairing processes would cause pairing failures because each pairing is based on identification data of the assigned hubs and nodes. 
         [0026]    The exemplary embodiments of the invention presented in this document are not to be interpreted to pose limitations to the applicability of the appended claims. The verb “to comprise” is used in this document as an open limitation that does not exclude the existence of also unrecited features. The features recited in depending claims are mutually freely combinable unless otherwise explicitly stated. 
         [0027]    The entities where the invention can be used may be e.g. private houses, office buildings, factories, warehouses, schools, hospitals, museums etc. 
         [0028]    Term “node” is used in this patent application to mean any unit of a control system which has an integrated control element or an interface for a control element, and has also a transceiver for a wireless or wired network/bus for digital control. 
         [0029]    Term “hub” is used in this patent application to mean any unit of a control system which has a transceiver for communication with a node through a wireless or wired network, and also has an interface for communication with a server. A hub may also be a gateway. 
         [0030]    Term “control element” is used in this patent application to mean any element which provides conversion between physical quantity and electric signal. Thus the control element can be a sensor, an actuator, a control panel, a card reader etc. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0031]    Next the invention will be described in greater detail with reference to exemplary embodiments in accordance with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0032]      FIG. 1  illustrates a block diagram of a prior art control system; 
           [0033]      FIG. 2  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary control system according to the invention; and 
           [0034]      FIG. 3  illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary pairing method according to the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0035]      FIG. 1  was described in the prior art description above. Next the invention is presented by first describing an exemplary control system according to the invention, and then an exemplary pairing method for a control system is described. 
         [0036]      FIG. 2  illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary control system according to the invention. The control system  200  has three hubs  230   x ,  230   y  and  230   z.  These hubs may be installed in different floors of a building, for example. The hubs have a processor  231  with a memory  232 . The hubs are in communication with nodes  220   a - 220   h  through a wireless or wired network. The hubs have a transceiver  235  for the communication in the network. The hubs may also communicate with each other via the network. For example, in case of a fire within the control area of a first hub, this information can be transferred to other hubs of the building for the purpose of providing alarm. 
         [0037]    The nodes have a transceiver  225  for communication with the hubs. It is also possible that nodes communicate with each other through the network. The nodes have a microcontroller  221  with a memory  222 . The microcontroller controls the data transfer with the hub and handles data input/output to/from control elements. The nodes  220   a - 220   h  are connected to respective control elements  210   a - 210   h,  which may be sensors, actuators, control panels, card readers etc. 
         [0038]    Each node is paired with one of the hubs. In the example of  FIG. 2 , nodes  220   a,    220   b,    220   d  are assigned to hub  230   x,  nodes  220   c,    220   e,    220   g  are assigned to hub  230   y,  and nodes  220   f,    220   h  are assigned to hub  230   z.  The hubs acquire measurement data from the sensors via the nodes, and give instructions to the nodes for controlling the actuators. The control element of a node may also be a control panel or some other user interface equipment, whereby the input/output information is transferred between the concerned node and hub. 
         [0039]    The sensors coupled to nodes as control elements may include e.g. light sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, CO 2  sensors, energy meters, door sensors, movement sensors, cameras or some other presence sensors. The actuators coupled to the nodes may include e.g. heating means, cooling means, ventilation means, lighting means, means for affecting humidity, a sprinkler system, an electronic lock, and a buzzer. The nodes may also be adapted to gather measuring information from these equipments, whereby such information may indicate for example current operating status of the equipment. The control elements may further comprise security elements, such as a key reader, a card reader, some other type of ID reader, or other access control elements. The control elements may as well include various electronics equipment, such as multimedia equipment, intercom, washing machine, kitchen equipment etc., wherein the control system may both control the equipment and receive data from them. A control panel connected to a node may include a touch screen display, for example. 
         [0040]    The hubs have data interfaces  236  for communication with a server  240 , which has a corresponding interface  246  for communication with hubs. A hub may initiate a connection with the server after powering it up. A unique ID and security certificate may be checked by the server during the connection set-up, and the hub may also check the server&#39;s security certificate. If the unique ID and certificates match, a secure communication channel is established. The communication between the hub and the server is advantageously encrypted and therefore the public Internet can be used for data transmission, which is preferable if the server is at a distance from the hubs. Each hub has a unique ID and advantageously also a security certificate. 
         [0041]    The server  240  has a processor  241  and data storage  242 , such as a database. The storage of the server includes information on the configuration of the control system, including lists of nodes assigned to each hub. The configuration/lists can be created and updated by an operator or the user of the control system. It is also possible that sellers of control devices are authorised to transfer information on new devices of the control system to the server. 
         [0042]    After creating the connection between the server and the hubs, the server will transfer the lists of assigned nodes to each hub. The server storage may also include control parameters which are transferred to the hubs, and which may further be transferred by the hubs to the assigned nodes. 
         [0043]      FIG. 3  illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary pairing method  300  according to the invention. This embodiment of an automatic pairing method can be used when a new control system is installed, when a new node or hub is installed into an existing system, or when the old configuration of an existing control system installation has been released. 
         [0044]    First, the server of the control system transfers information to the hubs of the system, the information including lists of the nodes assigned to each hub. In phase  305  a node to be paired is switched on. This node has been previously put into its proper physical location in the control system. It is possible that the node has already been paired earlier in the control system, and therefore it is first checked by the node whether there is identification data of a previously assigned hub stored in the memory of the node, phase  310 . If data of a previously assigned hub is available, the node will start requesting the previously assigned hub via the network,  330 . If the previously assigned hub is found,  335 , it is then checked whether the node is still assigned for the hub,  340 . 
         [0045]    If in phase  310  it appears that there is no information available of a previously assigned hub, or if a previously assigned hub is not found in phase  335 , the node will start looking for a new hub with request messages,  315 . Sending these requests will continue periodically until a new hub is found in phase  320 . 
         [0046]    When a new hub is found it is checked whether the node is assigned for the found hub, phase  340 . If the node is not assigned for the found hub, a further hub will be looked for, phase  315 . If the node is assigned to the found hub in phase  340 , the node will check the security certificate of the hub and/or the hub will check the security certificate of the node, phase  345 . If the certificates are accepted the node and the hub will be joined as a pair, phase  350 , which facilitates them to transfer control data with each other and allows the hub to give instructions for the node. The pairing process is thus completed,  360 . If the certificate of the node/hub is not accepted in phase  345 , the joining is not performed, and the failure is informed to the server (not shown in Figure). 
         [0047]    The method of  FIG. 3  has separate phases for searching a hub and for checking whether the node is assigned to a found hub. Alternatively, it is also possible that the node sends its ID in the search request, and the found hub will check whether the node is assigned to the hub and inform this to the node in its initial response message. It is also possible that the hub will send a response message only if the node is assigned to the hub. 
         [0048]    It is also possible that a hub will search for assigned nodes. When the hub receives a new list of assigned nodes from the server the hub may check whether there are assigned nodes in the list which are not paired. The hub may the search for the assigned nodes that are not paired by sending periodical requests through the network until the assigned nodes are found. The found, assigned nodes are then joined as described above. 
         [0049]    In this patent specification the structure of the various components of the system and devices is not described in more detail as they can be implemented using the description above and the general knowledge of a person skilled in the art. 
         [0050]    It should be noted that the functioning of the control system; nodes, hubs and a server, require suitable computer program products, which are run in a device. The control of functions in the devices generally takes place in an arrangement of processing capacity in the form of microprocessor(s) and memory in the form of memory circuits. To convert a known device or system into equipment according to the invention it is necessary, in addition to the hardware modifications, to store into the memory means a set of machine-readable instructions that instruct the microprocessor(s) to perform the operations described above. Composing and storing into memory of such instructions involves known technology which, when combined with the teachings of this patent application, is within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art. 
         [0051]    The scope of the patent will be defined by the appended claims. Skilled persons will appreciate the fact that various changes and modifications may be made to the explicitly disclosed embodiments and features thereof without diverging from the scope as set forth in the claims. 
         [0052]    The invention is especially well applicable to control systems which control environmental conditions inside buildings. However, the invention can be well applied in any centrally controlled system.