Abstract:
A seating pad assembly is provided for use by travelers to increase the comfort for a seat on a public transportation vehicle or at a public transit terminal. The seating pad assembly includes a cushion formed from a viscoelastic foam and having dimensions substantially conforming to the dimensions of at least the hip/thigh support and the back support of the seat. Thus, the viscoelastic foam will bridge hard points and pinch points of the seat and will efficiently support the traveler across the gap. The seating pad assembly further includes a removable cover, straps for holding the pad in a coiled condition and a carrying bag for transporting the pad assembly.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to an accessory to make a vehicle seat more comfortable. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Travel on public transportation, such as planes, trains and buses, is rarely comfortable and can be extremely uncomfortable on long trips. The length of time after which a seat will be considered comfortable varies widely based on the characteristics of the seat and sensitivity of the traveler. Many travelers become extremely uncomfortable after an hour or two on a transportation seat, especially since seats intended for shorter trips generally do not recline or recline only a small amount. On the other hand, intercontinental flights can last in excess of twelve hours and are common for many business people. Most business travelers have little time for recovery at either end of a business trip, and are expected to be alert and functioning for a business meeting shortly after their arrival. Vacation travelers suffer from the same inconveniences as business travelers and are likely to require a considerable recovery time before being able to enjoy the vacation. Uncomfortable travel is not limited to airlines. In particular, trips on a train or bus can take longer than an intercontinental airline trip. Travel related discomfort also is not limited to the time spent on the vehicle. More particularly, travelers often spend hours in very uncomfortable seats at an airline, train or bus terminal while they are waiting for a transfer or a delayed departure. Seats at a terminal often are less comfortable than seats on a plane, train or bus. For example, terminal seats often have a large gap between the hip/thigh support and the back support and may be formed from a hard rigid plastic. 
     Most long distance travelers take steps to minimize the discomfort and inconveniences of travel. For example, some long distance travelers adapt a regimen of sleeping, eating and drinking for several days prior to a trip in an effort to make the travel more comfortable. Long distance travelers also may adopt specific regimens during the flight in an effort to minimize discomfort. For example, many travelers utilize sleep-inducing medication either shortly before the start of a trip or partway into the trip. Airline personnel frequently distribute pillows, blankets, slippers and eye shades a short time into the flight. 
     The seats on planes and surface vehicles intended for long distance travel recline to enhance comfort. Most airlines and trains provide different levels of seating that are offered at different costs. Business class seats generally are wider than coach seats and generally recline more. First class seats may be wider still, and some first class seats recline to a full horizontal position. However, all reclining seats necessary include several movable components that enable the seat to be adjusted between a fully erect condition and at least a partly reclined condition.  FIGS. 1 through 3  show a typical prior art airline seat similar to those used in business class or first class sections of a airplane. The prior art seat is identified generally by the numeral  100  in  FIGS. 1 through 3  and includes a hip/thigh support  102  disposed between arm rests  104 . The hip/thigh support  102  of the prior art seat  100  has a width “w” of between about 18 inches and 27 inches, depending on the airline and the class of service (i.e. coach, business or first class). A back support  106  is hinged to the hip/thigh support  102  and can move between a substantially erect condition, as shown in  FIG. 1 , and a partly reclined position, as shown in  FIG. 2 . A fully reclined position, as shown in  FIG. 3 , is provided for first class seats on some airlines. The typical prior art seat  100  has a length “l” of between about 70 inches and 76 inches. A gap  108  necessarily is provided between these two hinged supports  102  and  106  to accommodate the relative movement. The seat  100  also may have a foot rest  110  that is hinged relative to the hip/thigh support  102 , and a similar gap  112  exists between the hip/thigh support  102  and the foot rest  110 . Furthermore, other cracks, creases and seams  114 ,  116 ,  118  and  120  exist at other locations on the hip/thigh support  102  and the back support  106 . Still other structurally uneven areas (e.g. frame members and other structural supports) exist beneath the cover of the seat  100 , and contribute to passenger discomfort even though they are not visible. The gaps  108  and  112  and other cracks, creases and seams  114 - 120  may be barely noticeable on a short trip. However, the gaps  108 ,  112  and other cracks, creases and seams  114 - 120  that are wider than about 1 cm and/or deeper than about 1 cm become very bothersome on long trips. In this regard, the gaps  108 ,  112  and other significant surface discontinuities  114 - 120  define pinch points into which bodily tissue will be squeezed due to the weight of the body. Pressure on the body at these pinch points may be higher, thereby impeding blood flow and creating discomfort at and near the surface of the skin. Long distance travelers frequently move and shift their bodily weight to reduce discomfort. However, such movement creates pulling and friction as the bodily tissue is extracted from the pinch points and as new areas of bodily tissue are urged into the pinch points. Furthermore, all vehicles vibrate during movement, and the vibration contributes significantly to discomfort generated at the pinch points even when the passenger does not attempt to move voluntarily. 
     The seat covers on most public transportation seats are designed to be durable and easily cleaned. These requirements often compete with the passenger&#39;s desire for comfort. A fabric that will last long and clean easily often is not comfortable for an extended period of time. Many public transportation seats are designed to provide a pronounced and somewhat rigid lumber support to align with the lower back and a bulging head support near the top end of the back rest. These features often add to comfort when the passenger is sitting in an erect position. However, these same features contribute to discomfort when the passenger reclines the seat for sleep. 
     Virtually all public transportation seats include arm rests and some include forwardly projecting privacy wing on opposite sides of the back rest. The arm rest and wings are intended to prevent intrusion by an adjacent passenger. These fairly rigid and highly function components can lead to discomfort when the seat is reclined so that the passenger can sleep. 
     The prior art include many types of formed pillows that are intended to support certain areas of the body. For example, U-shaped pillows are used to support the back of the neck. Other uniquely configured pillows are intended to support the feet, the rear side of the knees or areas between the knees. 
     Generally rectangular mats are used in many Asian cultures for sleeping or for performing Yoga. These mats tend to be formed from thin relatively inelastic materials that are not suitable for body cushioning. Mats of this type generally have length and width dimensions corresponding approximately to the length and width dimensions of a bed. The mats typically are sufficiently flexible to be folded or rolled for storage between uses. 
     Viscoelastic materials and memory foam are terms used to define a variety of open cell flexible polyurethane foams, and have been used for mattresses, mattress toppers and pillows for years. More particularly, the lower surface of the viscoelastic foam will be placed on a generally flat horizontal supporting surface, such as a box spring or mattress. The upper surface of the viscoelastic foam will mold closely to the contour of an object or body placed thereon. The viscoelastic foam then will return slowly to an undeformed shape when the object or body is removed or repositioned. In contrast, conventional foamed rubber will compress quickly in response to an applied load and will return quickly upon removal of the load. Furthermore, the compressed conventional foamed rubber will not conform to the shape of the applied load and will not distribute forces of the applied load. Viscoelastics have not been used in public transportation seating, presumably in view of cost considerations and yield characteristics that are not conducive to requirements for a public transportation seat in the normally erect orientation. 
     In view of the above, it is object of the subject invention to provide improvements to the comfort for public transit seating, particularly seating intended for long distance travel. 
     It is a further object of the subject invention to provide a public transportation seating improvement well suited for use and carrying by a traveler. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a seating pad assembly for use with a public transportation seat and to the combination of a seating pad assembly and a public transportation seat. The invention also relates to a method for enhancing the comfort of a public transportation seat. The public transportation seat preferably is an airline seat, but may also be a seat employed on trains, buses and other land vehicles. The seat includes a generally horizontal hip and thigh support and a seat back pivotally mounted to the hip and thigh support. The seat may further include a foot rest. The seat back and/or the foot rest preferably are mounted for pivoting relative to the hip and thigh support. Accordingly, seams, cracks, creases, gaps or spaces exist between the foot rest and the hip/thigh support and between the back rest and the hip/thigh support. Some of these gaps exceed 1 cm in width and/or depth. The seat may further include arm rests spaced from one another by approximately the width of the seat. The spacing between the arm rests, and hence the width of the seat, may vary in accordance with the mode of transportation and the class of service. The seat may further include safety belts for securing the passenger in the seat. 
     The seating pad assembly may be generally rectangular and preferably has a width corresponding approximately to the width of the seat. The width of the seating pad assembly preferably is selected in accordance with the class of travel. For example, a seating pad assembly for economy travel preferably is about sixteen inches wide, while a seating pad assembly for business or first class travel preferably is about twenty inches wide. The seating pad assembly also preferably has a length approximately equal to the sum of the length of the hip/thigh support and the length of the back support, particularly for coach class travel. Specifically, the seating pad assembly for economy class travel preferably is at least about 42 inches long and preferably about 47 inches long. Additionally, the seating pad assembly may include a foot rest extension with a length approximately equal to the length of the foot rest on the public transit seat and particularly for business or first class airline seats. Specifically, the seating pad assembly for business or first class travel preferably is about 60 inches long and preferably about 72 inches long. Additionally, the seating pad assembly preferably has a thickness of between 1.0-2.0 inch, and most preferably about 1.00 inch. 
     The seating pad assembly comprises a substantially rectangular cushion that preferably consists of viscoelastic material. The viscoelastic cushion preferably has width, length and thickness dimensions corresponding to the overall width, length and thickness dimensions for the assembly, as set forth above. Additionally, the viscoelastic cushion preferably has a density and hardness or firmness to support a traveler comfortably across all locations on the seat, including across the seams, gaps and other pinch points between adjacent movable parts of the seat, including those that are at least 1 cm across and at least 1 cm deep. In this regard, the density, firmness, resiliency and thickness of the viscoelastic cushion are selected so that lower areas of the viscoelastic cushion will flow into and conform to the gaps and other pinch points, thereby creating a substantially smooth surface for supporting the traveler. Furthermore, these density, firmness, resiliency and thickness characteristics of the viscoelastic cushion are selected to ensure that the weight of the traveler will be distributed and supported by upper parts of the viscoelastic cushion without a bottoming out that would occur if the viscoelastic cushion was deformed maximally. Thus, the viscoelastic cushion isolates the traveler from the bothersome pinch points. Furthermore, the viscoelastic material is extremely effective at absorbing the vibrations that are inherent in vehicular travel, and hence isolates the traveler from those vibrations. As noted above, vibrations contribute to discomfort, particularly near the pinch points formed in the seat. 
     The seating pad assembly further includes a cover assembly mounted over the viscoelastic cushion. At least a portion of the cover assembly preferably is removable for laundering or replacement. The cover assembly preferably is stretchable or sufficiently loose to deform easily into gaps or other pinch points defined in the seat. Thus, the cover assembly will not restrict or limit the ability of the viscoelastic material to flow or otherwise conform to the shapes of the seat and the traveler, and the nonrestrictive cover assembly will move easily with the viscoelastic material as the viscoelastic material changes its shape. The cover assembly preferably includes an inner screen layer preferably formed from a synthetic material, such as nylon that contributes to the protection and support of the viscoelastic cushion. The inner screen layer need not be removable. The cover assembly also preferably includes an inner protective cover that may be fluid resistant, stain resistant, antimicrobial and/or moisture wicking. The inner protective cover prevents permanent damage to the viscoelastic pad. Preferably, the inner cover has a zipper or other closure means to permit the inner cover to be removed from the viscoelastic pad for laundering or replacement. The cover assembly also includes an outer cover that preferably is formed from a material that is fluid resistant, stain resistant antimicrobial and moisture wicking. Additionally, the outer cover is formed from a material, such as cotton or a brushed synthetic fabric that will be comfortable to the passenger. In some instances, the cover may be imprinted or embroidered with indicia to identify an airline or other public transit provider or to identify the owner or source of the seating pad assembly. The outer cover also has a zipper or other closure means to permit the outer cover to be removed for laundering or replacement. The closure for the outer cover may be offset from the closure for the inner cover. The outer cover also may include a strap for releasably securing the seating pad assembly in a rolled condition for easy storage and carrying through an airport or other transit terminal. The strap also can be used to hold the seating pad assembly on a seat. 
     The seating pad assembly may include means for releasable attachment to the public transportation seat. For example, a snapped attachment can be provided for releasable engagement with snaps provided on the top of the seat back. In other situations, the seating pad assembly may be provided with notches or apertures for receiving a seat belt. 
     The seating pad assembly may further include or may be used with a carrying bag. The carrying bag has a selectively closable end. The selectively closable end may have a flap, a draw string or the like. The carrying bag may further include a strap or a loop to carry the bag over the shoulder or to facilitate mounting and transportation of the bag and seating pad assembly on a rolling piece of luggage or to a backpack. 
     The seating pad assembly can be transported to an airport, train station or the like by a passenger. The passenger need merely remove the seating pad assembly from the bag and position the seating pad assembly on the seat before the person sits down. Thus, the seating pad assembly is not one of the pieces of carry-on luggage that must be stored in an overhead compartment. The passenger then can assume a normal sitting posture to hold the pad in place. Controls on the seat can be utilized to move the seat into a reclined condition at an appropriate time during the trip, if desired and if such controls are available. The seating pad assembly will extend continuously across seams and/or creases between the movable parts of the seat and will conform to the shapes of both the seat and the passenger to maximize comfort. The cover assembly will not restrict the flowing deformation of the viscoelastic material, and hence the cover will not affect the conformal characteristics of both the upper and lower areas of the viscoelastic material. Additionally, the seating pad assembly can be dimensioned to provide lateral support between the passenger and arm rests. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a prior art seat in an erect condition. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the prior art seat in a partly reclined condition. 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the prior art seat in a fully reclined condition. 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view taken along line  4 - 4  in  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view, partly in section, of a seating pad assembly in accordance with the invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of an end portion of the seating pad assembly with the outer cover removed. 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a side portion of the seating pad assembly showing the zipper closure for the outer cover. 
         FIG. 8  is a top plan view of a corner of the seating pad assembly and showing one of the closure straps in an extended condition. 
         FIG. 9  is a side elevational view of a corner of the seating pad assembly and showing the extended closure strap. 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of the seating pad assembly in a partly rolled condition. 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of the seating pad assembly in a fully rolled condition for storage. 
         FIG. 12  is a front elevational view of a carrying bag for use with the rolled seating pad assembly of  FIG. 11 . 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of the rolled seating pad assembly stored in the carrying bag of  FIG. 12 . 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a person carrying the rolled seating pad assembly stored in the carrying bag. 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective view of the rolled seating pad assembly stored in the carrying bag and secured on a piece of rolling luggage. 
         FIG. 16  is a perspective view of the seating pad assembly of  FIGS. 5-11  positioned on the fully erect airline seat of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 17  is a perspective view of the seating pad assembly of  FIGS. 5-11  positioned on the partly reclined airline seat of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective view of the seating pad assembly of  FIGS. 5-11  positioned on the fully relined airline seat of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional view taken along line  19 - 19  in  FIG. 18 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     A seating pad assembly in accordance with the subject invention is identified generally by the numeral  10  in  FIGS. 5 through 12 . The seating pad assembly includes  10  an inner viscoelastic foam cushion  12  formed from and consisting essentially of a viscoelastic material, such as those that are available from several commercial sources, including TEMPUR-PEDIC. The seating pad assembly  10  is generally rectangular and has a length L and a width W as shown in  FIG. 4 . The length and width dimensions L and W will vary in accordance with the class of service for which the seating pad assembly  10  is being marketed. In particular, first class airline seats often are wider than business class and some seats include footrests that extend longitudinally as the seat is reclined. In a preferred embodiment, the seating pad assembly  10  has a width W of approximately 16 inches for economy class seats and approximately 20 inches for business or first class seats. These widths enable the seating pad assembly  10  to occupy a major portion of the width “w” of the targeted seat. However, other seating pad assemblies  10  may be slightly narrower or slightly wider. The length L of the seating pad assembly  10  also will vary in accordance with the class of travel service for which the seating pad assembly  10  is purchased and marketed. In a preferred embodiment, the seating pad assembly  10  has a length L of approximately 42 inches for economy class seats, a length L of approximately 47 inches for business class seats and a length L of approximately 60 inches to 72 inches for first class seats. However, seating pad assemblies  10  with a length L as small as about 40 inches will achieve many of the benefits described herein, particularly for short trips where the seat does not recline and with respect to the most objectionable gap  108  between the hip/thigh support  102  and the back support  106  of the prior art seat  100 . 
     The viscoelastic inner cushion  12  of the seating pad assembly  10  has a thickness “T” as shown in  FIG. 5 . The thickness “T” preferably is in the range of 1.0-1.5 inch, and most preferably is approximately 1.0 inch to facilitate storage and carrying. However, the ability of the inner cushion  12  to be transported easily and to provide the necessary comfort for long distance travel also depends on the density of the viscoelastic foam. A viscoelastic foam with a density of 3 lbs/cubic foot to 8 lbs/per cubic foot and a thickness T of 1.0-1.5 inch has been found to provide comfortable support across the gaps  108  and other surface discontinuities of the prior art airline seat while still being easily transportable. However, a viscoelastic inner cushion  12  with a density of 5 lbs/cubic foot and a thickness T of 1.0 inch has been found to provide very good levels of comfort and very desirable storage and carrying characteristics, as explained herein. The viscoelastic inner cushion  12  also should have a firmness that permits the viscoelastic inner cushion  12  to conform to the shape of the seat  100  and to the passenger without bottoming out. Thus, the viscoelastic cushion  12  will redistribute the weight and surface pressure of the passenger. 
     The seating pad assembly  10  further includes a cover assembly  14  that substantially completely encloses the viscoelastic cushion  12 . In this regard, the viscoelastic foam material of the cushion  12  is not comfortable for direct long term contact by the traveler. Additionally, the viscoelastic foam of the cushion  12  is not well suited for soil or stain resistance and could become unsightly after several uses. Furthermore, viscoelastic foam cushions are not aesthetically attractive, even when clean. The cover assembly  14 , on the other hand, can be made from relatively inexpensive materials that are comfortable for direct long term contact by the traveler. 
     The cover assembly  14  includes an inner screen layer  15  that completely surrounds the viscoelastic cushion  12 . The inner screen layer  15  preferably is a thin gauge mesh formed from synthetic fibers, such as nylon, that will protect the viscoelastic cushion  12  when other parts of the cover assembly  14  are removed for cleaning, maintenance or replacement. Additionally, the inner screen layer  15  is stretchable and/or sufficiently loose to permit substantially unrestricted deformation and/or flow of the viscoelastic cushion  12  into the pinch points on the seat  100 . 
     The cover assembly  14  further includes an inner cover  16  removably mounted over the inner screen layer  15  and the viscoelastic cushion  12 . The inner cover  16  is formed from a fluid resistant, stain resistant material with moisture wicking and antimicrobial characteristics such as a stretchable knitted fabric made from a blend of cotton and synthetic fabric. Additionally, the inner cover  16  includes an inner closure  16   z , such as a zipper, that extends across one end edge and adjacent side edges of the inner cover  16 . The inner closure  16   z  enables the inner cover  16  to be separated from the viscoelastic cushion  12  for cleaning, maintenance or replacement. 
     The cover assembly  14  further includes an outer cover  18  that is removably mounted over the inner cover  16 . The outer cover  18  is formed from a fluid resistant, stain resistant material with moisture wicking and antimicrobial characteristics. For example, the outer cover  14  can be formed from a stretchable woven cotton fabric (300-1000 thread count) or a brush knit fabric that is soft to the touch and comfortable even after a long term of contact. More particularly, the outer cover  14  can be formed from materials that are commonly used on bed sheets. Furthermore, the outer cover  14  can be made aesthetically attractive and can be printed with indicia to identify the owner of the cushion or to promote a particular trademark. For example, the indicia can be the name of an airline that sells the pad assembly  10  to frequent travelers. Alternatively, the indicia can be the trademark of the employer of the traveler. 
     The outer cover  18  includes an outer closure  18   z , such as a zipper, that extends along a major part of one side edge of the outer cover  18 . The outer closure  18   z  enables the outer cover  18  to be separated from the viscoelastic cushion  12  and the inner closure  16  for cleaning, maintenance or replacement. 
     Two straps  20  are secured to portions of the outer cover  17  adjacent one longitudinal end and extend longitudinally beyond the outer cover  18 , as shown most clearly in  FIGS. 8-10 . Portions of each strap  20  sewn or otherwise secured to the outer cover  18  have an array of Velcro loops  22  facing away from the outer cover  18 . A mating array of Velcro hooks  24  are provided on the opposite side of each strap  20  at the end of the strap  20  remote from the outer cover  18 . The straps  20  enable the seating pad assembly  10  to be secured in the rolled configuration of  FIG. 11 . 
     The seating pad assembly  10  also can be used with a carrying bag  30 , as shown in  FIGS. 12-15 . The carrying bag  30  has a closed bottom end  32  and an open top end  34 . A draw string  36  is incorporated into a hem adjacent the open top end  34 . The carrying bag  30  also includes a carrying strap  38 . In the collapsed condition shown in  FIG. 12 , the carrying bag  30  is a generally flat rectangle. However, the carrying bag  30  can be opened to receive the seating pad assembly  10  that has been rolled into the coil shown in  FIG. 11 . This combination of the seating pad assembly  10  and the carrying bag  30  is illustrated in  FIG. 13 . The carrying strap  38  can be suspended from the shoulder of the traveler while traveling between flights or destinations, as shown in  FIG. 14 . Alternatively, the carrying strap  38  can be looped over the handle of a roll-on piece of luggage, as shown in  FIG. 15  or can be attached to a backpack. A pocket can be provided in the carrying bag  30  to carry travel documents, identification cards or the like. 
     The seating pad assembly  10  is used by opening the draw string  28  near the top  26  of the carrying bag  22  and removing the rolled seating pad assembly  10  from the carrying bag  22 . The straps  20  then are opened and the seating pad assembly  10  is unrolled from the  FIG. 10  condition to the  FIG. 4  condition. The open seating pad assembly  10  then is placed on the seat  100  substantially as shown in  FIG. 15-17  before the traveler sits down. Thus, the seating pad assembly  10  is not part of the carry on luggage that must be stowed, and effectively becomes a temporary part of the seat  100 . One longitudinal end the seating pad assembly  10  is positioned near the top of the seat back support  106 . The remainder of the seating pad assembly  10  extends from the top of the back support  106  across the gap  108  between the hip/thigh support  102  and the back support  106  and towards or to the leg rest  110 . The extent of the seating pad assembly  10  to or towards the leg rest  110  will depend upon the overall length L of the pad assembly  10  relative to the length “l” of the seat  100 . In preferred embodiments, the seating pad assembly  10  will be sufficiently long to extend completely to the end of the leg rest  110  farthest from the hip/thigh support  102 . Some seats  100  have a footrest  114  that telescopes or otherwise extends longitudinally away from the hip/thigh support  102  as the seat  100  is moved into the fully reclined condition. In this situation, one longitudinal end portion of the seating pad assembly  10  may be tucked between the remainder of the seating pad assembly  10  and the leg rest  110  to define a flap  34 , as shown in  FIGS. 15 and 16 . However, the flap  34  can be unfolded as the seat  100  moves into the fully reclined condition shown most clearly in  FIG. 17  so that the flap  34  can be disposed on the footrest  114 . 
     As noted above, the width W of the seating pad assembly  10  preferably is in the range of 16-20 inches, and hence will fit conveniently between the armrests  104  of the seat  100  without creating potentially objectionable bulges or bumps. 
     The seating pad assembly  10  extends continuously across the objectionable gap  108  between the hip/thigh support  102  and the back support  106 . The viscoelastic cushion  12  responds to both ambient temperature (60-75 F) and body temperature for conforming to the shape of the passenger for providing three dimensional support for the passenger when the seat is erect, partially reclined and fully reclined. The thickness T of the viscoelastic cushion  12  and the density and firmness of the viscoelastic foam of the cushion  12  enable the traveler to be supported comfortably across rigid structures in the seat  100 , as well as across the gap  108  between the hip/thigh support  102  and the back support  106 . Thus, the conformal nature of the viscoelastic cushion  12  avoids the objectionable sensations caused by the gap  108  when a traveler is sitting erect or attempting to relax in the reclined condition of the seat  100 , as shown in  FIGS. 16 and 17 . Furthermore, the viscoelastic foam of the cushion  12  is extremely effective at absorbing travel-related vibrations and associated micromovements of the seat  100  and the passenger. These vibration-related micromovements contribute significantly to passenger discomfort and are dampened very effectively by the viscoelastic cushion  12 . 
     The ability of the seating pad assembly  10  to achieve these objectives is dependent partly upon the thickness T and the characteristics of the viscoelastic cushion  12 . As explained above, the preferred cushion  12  is formed from a viscoelastic foam with a density in the range of 50-120 kg/m 3 , with a preferred density of about 85 kg/m 3 . Additionally, the preferred viscoelastic material has a hardness or firmness of about 10 N. Viscoelastic materials with these specifications and with a thickness T of about 1 inch have proven to provide high levels of comfort with little or no sensory evidence of the gap  108 , hard structural supports of the seat  100  or the vibrations of the vehicle regardless of whether the seat  100  is erect, reclined or partly reclined. In this regard, the density, firmness, resiliency and thickness of the viscoelastic cushion  12  enable lower surface  12 L of the viscoelastic cushion  12  to flow into and conform to the gap  108  and other pinch points, as shown in  FIG. 19 , thereby creating a convex lower conformal area  12 LC and a substantially smooth uniform upper surface  12 U for facing the traveler. The cover assembly is sufficiently stretchable and/or loose to permit the viscoelastic material  12  to flow or conform substantially unimpeded into the potential pinch points and around hard points. Furthermore, the density, hardness, firmness, resiliency and thickness characteristics of the viscoelastic cushion  12  ensure that weight of the traveler will create a concave upper conformal area  12 UC that will be spaced above the lower surface  12 L, above the supports  102 ,  106  and above the pinch point defined by the gap  108 . Additionally, the weight of the traveler will be distributed and supported by upper parts of the viscoelastic cushion  12  without a bottoming out that would occur if the viscoelastic cushion  12  had a thickness, density, hardness and/or resiliency to be deformed maximally. Thus, deformation of the top and bottom surfaces of the viscoelastic cushion  12  assures optimum support and weight distribution and isolates the traveler from the bothersome pinch points and hard points. Accordingly, the traveler can changed positions without disengaging tissue that would otherwise have been squeezed into the gaps and other pinch points. Still further, the three dimensional support of the traveler achieved by the viscoelastic cushion  12  helps to dampen travel-related vibrations. Viscoelastic materials with different density and hardness characteristics can be employed, but may require different thicknesses. 
     The seating pad assembly  10  may be sold at retail stores (kiosks at transportation centers, kiosks at shopping centers, specialty gift stores, major retailers, etc), through catalogs (e.g. in-flight catalogs), via television (shopping networks, infomercials, etc) or via the Internet. The Internet transactions can be through a supplier&#39;s own website, other unaffiliated retail web destinations, mobile web destinations, interactive outdoor sales via Bluetooth/Wi-Fi or touch screen installations in public spaces. Additionally, the seating pad assembly  10  may be sold, rented or otherwise offered to passengers in association with the offering of transportation services. For example, the seating pad assembly  10  can be offered and/or delivered to passengers after the passengers have passed through security clearance points at an airport, such as at duty free shops or as part of the check-in or seat selection process. Alternatively, the seating pad assembly  10  can be rented for delivery to the passenger shortly prior to departure and for pick-up from the passenger shortly prior to disembarking. The cover assembly  14  may be removed and cleaned after each such rental. Still further, the offering of the seating pad assembly can be tied to frequent flier programs. Thus, the seating pad assembly  10  can be offered to passengers with a specified level of frequent flier status (e.g. gold, platinum, etc.). Similarly, the seating pad assembly  10  can be purchased or rented with frequent flier points or miles, and the purchase or rental of the seating pad assembly  10  can be used to trigger certain frequent flier benefits, such as points or related products or services. 
     While the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it is apparent that various changes can made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. In this regard, different length, width and thickness dimension can be provided in accordance with the preferences of the traveler and the dimensions of the seat. 
     A rectangular seating pad assembly  10  offers several cost efficiencies and carrying efficiencies. However, nonrectangular pads can be provided. For example, notches can be provided at areas where seat belts extend from the seat. Additionally, areas that will be adjacent the knees and lower legs can be narrower than areas adjacent the hips or shoulders. 
     Still further, the extreme lower portion of the seating pad assembly  10  can be configured to articulate more easily. Thus, a well defined hinge line may be defined substantially adjacent the flap  34  near the bottom end of the seating pad assembly  10 . The flap  34  can be formed by an entirely separate piece of viscoelastic foam material that may be inserted into an entirely separate pocket of the outer cover  18  of the cover assembly  14 . 
     Straps  20  with a VELCRO attachment were illustrated in the preferred embodiment. However, other forms of straps can be provided for holding the pad assembly  10  in a rolled condition. For example, straps configured to be tied in a knot may be provided or straps with a simple buckle can be provided. 
     The pad assembly  10  may further be provided with structure for releasably affixing the pad assembly  10  to upper portions of the back support  106  of the seat  100 . These attachments features can be straps, snaps or the like. 
     These variations and others will be apparent to persons skilled in this art after having read this disclosure.