Abstract:
Providing reliable testing of a device under test (DUT) by compensating for a reduced voltage inside the device without changing the internal circuitry of the device. The DUT has multiple connection terminals for connecting to the test equipment including at least first and second power connection terminals that both connect to an internal power bus of the DUT. An adapter board connects to the multiple connection terminals of the DUT via a removably attachable socket which holds the DUT. A tester supplies power to the DUT through the adapter board. The adapter board is configured to supply power from the tester to the DUT through the first power connection terminal and to monitor voltage at the second power connection terminal. The tester includes a compensation unit which controls power based on the voltage monitored at the second power connection terminal.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/820,857, filed Jul. 31, 2006, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully stated herein. 
     
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The invention relates to automatic test equipment and more specifically to pre-test compensation for power applied by automatic test equipment to a device under test. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Production testing of integrated circuits uses generic automatic test equipment (ATE) and a special-purpose adapter board to connect an arbitrary integrated circuit device under test (DUT) to a standard ATE interface. The typical adapter board is a printed circuit board (PCB) that is connected to the ATE and contains a socket to removably insert the DUT. 
         [0006]    During testing, and particularly during high performance testing, there is often a voltage drop in power supplied to the DUT across the connection between the DUT and the socket. This voltage drop is different for each DUT insertion because of changes in connection resistance between the socket and the DUT. Additionally, this voltage drop is not representative of a voltage drop observed during field use of the device where the device may be connected via a permanently attachable socket with lower contact resistance. 
         [0007]    The voltage drop across the socket may reduce the power at internal busses inside the DUT and lead to unreliable tests. Therefore, the test equipment may need to increase the voltage supplied to power the DUT to compensate for the voltage drop across the socket and produce reliable tests. 
         [0008]    Because the voltage drop across the socket is different for each DUT insertion, a predetermined voltage increase may not compensate for the voltage drop. Rather, the test equipment may need to supply a unique voltage increase with each DUT insertion to compensate for the reduced voltage at internal busses inside the DUT. 
         [0009]    U.S. Published App. No. 2004/0051551 proposes one solution to this problem, but the proposed solution requires a change to the internal circuitry of a DUT. These solutions require adding an additional voltage sensing connection terminal to the DUT for monitoring a voltage at the internal bus. These solutions involve adjusting the power supplied to the DUT until the voltage monitored at the sensing connection terminal is equal to a target voltage. These existing solutions have the problem of requiring changing the design of the DUT, which can be expensive and have unintended consequences on actual in-field usage of the DUT. 
         [0010]    There exists a need, therefore, for providing reliable tests using test equipment by compensating for reduced voltage at an internal bus inside a DUT that preferably does not change the internal circuitry of the DUT. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    This invention capitalizes on the observation by the inventors herein that many of the tested DUTs, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), have multiple power connection terminals for the supply of power. These devices will still operate satisfactorily even if some of the multiple power connection terminals are not used to supply power. Moreover, because all of the multiple power connection terminals are connected to the internal power bus of the DUT, some connection terminals can be used during testing to monitor a voltage of the internal power bus of the device, while still supporting application power feeding during operation in the field. 
         [0012]    Thus, according to one feature, the invention provides for testing of a DUT that has multiple connection terminals including at least first and second power connection terminals that both connect to an internal power bus of the DUT. The test equipment comprises an adapter board configured to connect to the multiple connection terminals of the DUT via a removably attachable socket which holds the DUT, and a tester which sends and receives test signals to the DUT through the adapter board and which supplies power to the DUT through the adapter board. The adapter board is configured to supply power from the tester to the DUT through the first power connection terminal and to monitor voltage at the second power connection terminal. The tester includes a compensation unit which controls power based on the voltage monitored at the second power connection terminal. A pre-test compensating step compensates power supplied to the DUT so that power at the internal bus, as monitored via the second power connection terminal, reaches a target voltage. Thereafter, testing proceeds through the connection terminals. 
         [0013]    By virtue of the foregoing arrangement, a voltage of an internal bus of the DUT can be monitored, ordinarily without changing the internal circuitry of the DUT. Thus, this arrangement produces reliable tests without incurring additional costs and creating unintended consequences associated with changing the internal circuitry of a DUT. 
         [0014]    In another aspect of the invention, the adapter board is configured to monitor the voltage through a buffer so that voltage noise is reduced. A low pass filter may be used as the buffer. 
         [0015]    In another aspect of the invention, the test equipment operates in a pre-test mode and a test mode, and power is controlled only in pre-test mode and power is fixed during test mode. 
         [0016]    In another aspect of the invention, the test equipment switches from the pre-test mode to the test mode when power supplied to the DUT is sufficient so that the voltage monitored at the second power connection terminal is equal to a target voltage. 
         [0017]    In another aspect of the invention, the internal power bus comprises a Vdd component and a Vss component, there are first and second power connection terminals which both connect to the Vdd component, and third and fourth power connection terminals which both connect to the Vss component. The adapter board is configured to supply power from the tester to the DUT through the first and third connection terminals and to monitor voltage at the second and fourth power connection terminals. The compensation unit controls power based on the voltage monitored at the second and fourth power connection terminals. 
         [0018]    In another aspect of the invention the multiple connection terminals include multiple signal connection terminals, and the test equipment performs testing in the test mode by supplying an input signal to the DUT through an input signal connection terminal, extracting an output signal from the DUT through an output signal connection terminal, and comparing the value of the output signal to a value in a test specification. 
         [0019]    In another aspect of the invention, the DUT includes application specific integrated circuits (ASIC). The DUTs may be provided in pin grid array (PGA) packages or ball grid array (BGA) packages. 
         [0020]    In another aspect of the invention, the adapter board includes printed circuit boards (PCB), and the socket is removably attachable thereto. The socket may include pogo pins. 
         [0021]    In another aspect, of the invention provides a method for supplying power to a DUT in test equipment. The DUT has multiple connection terminals for connecting to the test equipment including at least first and second power connection terminals that both connect to an internal power bus of the DUT. The method comprises a configuring step of configuring the test equipment to supply power to the first power connection terminal, a monitoring step of monitoring a voltage level at the second power connection terminal, and a controlling step of controlling power supplied to the first power connection terminal based on the voltage level monitored at the second power connection terminal. 
         [0022]    In another aspect of the invention, the internal power bus comprises a Vdd component and a Vss component, the first and second power connection terminals both connect to the Vdd component, and there are third and fourth power connection terminals which both connect to the Vss component. The configuring step configures the test equipment to supply power to the first and third power connection terminals and monitor voltage levels at the second and fourth power connection terminals. The controlling step controls power supplied to the first and third power connection terminals based on the voltage levels monitored at the second and fourth power connection terminals. 
         [0023]    This brief summary has been provided so that the nature of the invention may be understood quickly. A more complete understanding of the invention can be obtained by reference to the following detailed description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings. 
     
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0024]      FIG. 1 . is a drawing depicting test equipment configured for testing a device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
           [0025]      FIG. 2 . is a schematic diagram depicting test equipment configured for testing a device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
           [0026]      FIG. 3 . is a flowchart depicting process steps for testing a device under test. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0027]      FIG. 1 . is a drawing depicting a device under test (DUT) and test equipment configured for testing the DUT in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The test equipment includes an adapter board, such as adapter board  120 , and a tester, such as tester  110 . 
         [0028]    Device  140  is a DUT, such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) semiconductor device, or any other suitable DUT. Device  140  includes connection terminals, such as connection terminals  261  through  268  and  271  through  278 . Connection terminals of devices with pin grid array (PGA) packages are pins, and connection terminals of devices with ball grid array (BGA) packages are solder balls. 
         [0029]    As seen in  FIG. 2 , device  140  includes an internal power bus including a Vdd component, such as Vdd  241 , and a Vss component, such as Vss  242 . Also, DUT  140  includes internal circuitry, such as circuit  243 , which is the circuitry being subjected to testing, i.e., the object of test. The internal power bus and internal circuitry connect to the device&#39;s connection terminals, via internal circuit pathways, for receiving power and for sending and receiving test signals. 
         [0030]    Two or more power connection terminals connect to each component of the internal power bus, positioned in any manner. Here, device  140  has eight power connection terminals connected to the internal power bus, four power connection terminals (e.g.,  261 ,  263 ,  265 ,  267 ) connected to Vdd  241 , and four power connection terminals (e.g.,  262 ,  264 ,  266 ,  268 ) connected to Vss  242 , as seen in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0031]    Also, any number of signal connection terminals connect to the internal circuitry, for receiving input signals and/or sending output signals, positioned in any manner. Here, device  140  has eight signal connection terminals (e.g.,  271  through  278 ) connected to circuit  243 . The test equipment can perform testing by supplying input signals to circuit  243  via input signal connection terminals, extracting output signals from circuit  243  via output signal connection terminals, and comparing the values of the output signals to values in a test specification. 
         [0032]    Adapter board  120  is a printed circuit board (PCB), or any other suitable type of adapter board, and the like. Adapter board  120  includes circuits for simulating a field environment for testing a DUT. This circuitry includes integrated circuits, discrete components, and the like. For example, an adapter board for testing a network card microprocessor DUT includes circuitry that simulates a network card deployed in the field under actual use. Also, adapter board  120  includes circuits for creating the test environment, such as buffer  150 , and one or more power supply busses, such as adapter board Vdd bus  191  and adapter board Vss bus  192 . 
         [0033]    Adapter board  120  includes leads, such as leads  161  through  168 ,  171  through  178 , and  181  through  184 , and connectors, such as connectors  121  and  122 , for connecting to testers, such as tester  110 , input devices, output devices, power supplies, and the like. Leads include solder traces, wires, cables, ribbon cable, jumpers, and the like. 
         [0034]    The connectors enable adapter board  120  to removably connect to testers, such as tester  110 , input devices, output devices, power supplies, and the like. Connectors include sockets, plugs, bus connectors, and the like. Bus connectors are, for example, USB, PCI, PXI, LAN, GPIB, and VXI bus connectors, and the like. 
         [0035]    Adapter board  120  includes socket  130 . Socket  130  is a removably attachable socket having pogo pins, or any other suitable socket, and the like. Socket  130  has two sides, one side attaching to adapter board  120 , and another side holding device  140 . The side of socket  130  holding device  140  has one or more contact points (e.g.,  61  through  68  and  71  through  78 ) for connecting to each of device  140 &#39;s connection terminals. Contact points of sockets for holding devices with PGA packages are holes, and contact points of sockets for holding devices with BGA packages are pogo pins. Socket  130 &#39;s contact points form removably attachable connections with device  140 &#39;s connection terminals, allowing device  140  to be removed from the socket after testing. 
         [0036]    Here, socket  130  has sixteen contact points, eight contact points (e.g.,  61  through  68 ) for forming connections with device  140 &#39;s eight power connection terminals (e.g.,  261  through  268 ), and eight contact points (e.g.,  71  through  78 ) for forming connections with device  140 &#39;s eight signal connection terminals (e.g.,  271  through  278 ), respectively. 
         [0037]    The side of socket  130  attaching to adapter board  120  includes one or more connection terminals (not shown) connected through the socket to each of the socket&#39;s contact points. Socket  130 &#39;s connection terminals are pins, solder balls, or the like. Here, socket  130 &#39;s connection terminals attach to adapter board  120  via leads  161  through  168  and  171  through  178 . 
         [0038]    Tester  110  is a tester capable of sending and receiving test signals to a DUT and supplying power to a DUT. The tester includes a user interface, an operating system, and a power supply  215  ( FIG. 2 ), connected to one or more test components  214  ( FIG. 2 ) via a bus. The user interface is, for example, a software user interface running on a computer. The operating system is, for example, Microsoft Windows, a proprietary operating system, or the like. The bus is USB, PCI, PXI, LAN, GPIB, VXI, or the like. The tester uses the power supply to supply power to a DUT, and uses one or more test components to send and receive signals to a DUT. Compensation unit  211  and comparator unit  212  can be implemented as a combination of hardware and/or software modules. 
         [0039]    In the present embodiment, connectors  121  and  122  connect tester  110  to adapter board  120 , and socket  130  holds device  140 . Buffer  150  is a low pass filter circuit, such as an integrated circuit, a discrete circuit, or the like. 
         [0040]    Device  140 &#39;s eight power connection terminals  261  through  268  are connected to leads  161  through  168  via socket  130 , respectively. Also, device  140 &#39;s eight signal connection terminals  271  through  278  are connected to leads  171  through  178  via socket  130 , respectively. 
         [0041]    The test equipment is configured to supply power to a first power connection terminal based on a voltage level monitored at a second power connection terminal. Here, the test equipment is configured to supply power to power connection terminals  263  through  268  based on a voltage level monitored at power connection terminals  261  and  262 . 
         [0042]    Leads  163 ,  165 , and  167  connect power connection terminals  263 ,  265 , and  267  to adapter board Vdd bus  191 , and leads  164 ,  166 , and  168  connect power connection terminals  264 ,  266 , and  268  to adapter board Vss bus  192 , through socket  130 . Tester  110  supplies power to adapter board Vdd bus  191  and adapter board Vss bus  192  via leads  183  and  184 . 
         [0043]    Leads  161  and  162  connect power connection terminals  261  and  262  to inputs of buffer  150 , through socket  130 . Leads  181  and  182  connect outputs of buffer  150  to tester  110 . Tester  110  monitors the voltages at power connection terminals  261  and  262  through leads  181  and  182 , buffer  150 , leads  161  and  162 , and then socket  130 . Leads  171  through  178  connect signal connection terminals  271  through  278  to tester  110 , through socket  130 . 
         [0044]      FIG. 2 . is a schematic diagram depicting test equipment configured for testing a device in accordance with the  FIG. 1  embodiment of the invention. 
         [0045]    As seen in  FIG. 2 , device  140  is the same as described in the detailed description of  FIG. 1 . Device  140  includes an internal power bus including a Vdd component, such as Vdd  241 , and a Vss component, such as Vss  242 . Also, device  140  includes internal circuitry, such as circuit  243 . The internal power bus and internal circuitry are interconnected via internal circuit pathways, such as, for example, etchings in the silicon of the device. Also, the internal power bus and internal circuitry are connected to device  140 &#39;s connection terminals, such as connection terminals  261  through  268  and  271  through  278 , via internal circuit pathways, for receiving power and for sending and receiving signals. 
         [0046]    In operation, during a pre-test mode, power supply  215  of tester  110  supplies power to Vdd  241  and Vss  242  through adapter board  120 . Tester  110  then monitors the voltage of Vdd  241  and Vss  242  through buffer  150 , which reduces voltage noise. Comparator unit  212  of tester  110  then compares the monitored voltage of Vdd  241  and the monitored voltage of Vss  242  with Vdd-Vss target  213 . If the monitored voltage of Vdd  241  and the monitored voltage of Vss  242  are equal to Vdd-Vss target  213 , compensation unit  211  fixes the voltage of power supply  215 , and tester  110  enters a test mode where it performs testing by causing test component  214  to send and receive signals to circuit  243 . 
         [0047]    If the monitored voltage of Vdd  241  and the monitored voltage of Vss  242  are not equal to Vdd-Vss target  213 , compensation unit  211  increases the power supplied by power supply  215 . Tester  110  continues monitoring the voltage of Vdd  241  and Vss  242  and increasing the power supplied by power supply  215  until the monitored voltage of Vdd  241  and the monitored voltage of Vss  242  are equal to Vdd-Vss target  213 , after which the voltages are fixed and tester  110  enters the test mode. During test mode, test component  214  supplies input signals to circuit  243  via input signal connection terminals (e.g.,  271  through  278 ), extracts output signals via output signal connection terminals (e.g.,  271  through  278 ), and compares the values of the output signals to values in a test specification. 
         [0048]      FIG. 3 . is a flowchart depicting the process steps described above for testing a device under test. In step S 300 , test equipment is configured to supply power to a first power connection terminal of a DUT that has two or more power connection terminals, and monitor power at a second power connection terminal. Once the test equipment is configured, the test equipment supplies power to the DUT, and processing proceeds to step S 301 . 
         [0049]    In step  301 , the test equipment monitors a voltage level at the second power connection terminal. After the test equipment acquires the value of the voltage level at the second power connection terminal, processing proceeds to step S 302  where the test equipment compares the voltage value acquired in step S 301  to a target voltage value. 
         [0050]    If the voltage value acquired in step S 301  does not equal the target voltage value, processing proceeds to step S 303  where the test equipment adjusts the voltage at the second power connection terminal by increasing the power supplied to the DUT. After the test equipment modifies the power supplied to the DUT, processing proceeds to step S 301  where the test equipment monitors the voltage at the second power connection terminal again. This process continues until the voltage value acquired in step S 301  is within a range of acceptable voltage values in relation the target voltage value. 
         [0051]    If the voltage value acquired in step S 301  equals the target voltage value, processing proceeds to step S 304  where the test equipment performs testing by sending and receiving signals to the DUT, and by comparing the values of received signals to values in a test specification. Once the test equipment has performed testing, processing proceeds to step S 305  which outputs diagnostic results of the test and then ends. 
         [0052]    While the invention has been particularly shown and described with respect to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.