Abstract:
A technique is provided for controlling operation of motors of different sized or ratings. Components used to apply and interrupt current to the motors may be shared in control devices for the different motors. The components may include contactors or circuit interrupters, and instantaneous trip devices. The components may be sized for the higher rated motors, and be oversized for the lower rated motors. Control circuitry permits the devices to be controlled in accordance with the characteristics of the particular motor to which the devices are applied, providing accurate circuit interruption while reducing the number of different components and component packages in a product family for the various motors.

Description:
BACKGROUND  
       [0001]     The present invention relates generally to the field of electric protective devices, such as for providing overload protection for motors and other loads.  
         [0002]     In the field of electrical protective devices, a range of devices are known and are presently in use in various combinations. For example, in a typical arrangement for applying power to a load, such as an electric motor, the circuitry may include fuses, circuit breakers, thermal overload tripping devices, contactors, and so forth. In a typical application, the components are selected and assembled based upon the current ratings and other operating parameters of the load. For example, motor protective circuitry is typically selected based upon the motor full load current rating. A thermal overload device may be selected to provide tripping at a first level, such as 6 to 10 times the full load of current rating, with faster, higher current tripping being provided by an electromagnetic device, such as a circuit breaker.  
         [0003]     While such arrangements provide adequate protection for loads, they are not without drawbacks. For example, many separate and differently rated components are generally provided and associated with one another in various combinations, depending upon the nature and rating of the load. Little effort has been made in the field for reducing the number of components or the number of product offering by extending the ratings of the components and circuits. There is a need, however, in the field for product offerings that can service a range of loads, such as motors of different sizes, while providing both thermal and instantaneous trip performance for larger loads, and smaller loads equally. Such products are not currently available on the market.  
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION  
       [0004]     The present invention provides a novel approach to the design and implementation of power delivery and circuit protection designed to respond to such needs. The technique of the invention permits a reduction in the number of different components needed to provide control of motors of different sizes and ratings. In particular, circuit interrupting components, such as a contactor and an instantaneous trip device may be selected based upon a higher rated current (e.g.., of a larger machine), and used for smaller machines as well. Control circuitry is then configured to cause tripping or interruption of current to either the smaller or the larger motor, depending upon which motor is coupled to the device. In other words, the components may be sized for the rating of a higher rated machine, and overrated for the smaller machines. However, algorithms implemented by the control circuitry permit interruption of current to the smaller machines via the same components. 
     
    
     DRAWINGS  
       [0005]     These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:  
         [0006]      FIG. 1  is a diagrammatical view of an electrical device protective circuit coupled to line power and to a network for selectively interrupting current to a load;  
         [0007]      FIG. 2  is a diagrammatical representation of certain of the control circuitry associated with the arrangement of  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0008]      FIG. 3  is a diagrammatical representation, providing additional detail, of certain of the circuitry illustrated in  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0009]      FIG. 3  is a diagrammatical representation of electrical circuitry for conditioning signals in the arrangements of  FIGS. 2 and 3 ;  
         [0010]      FIG. 5  is a diagrammatical representation of wire and motor protective circuitry for use in the arrangements of  FIGS. 2 and 3 ;  
         [0011]      FIG. 6  is a graphical representation of motor trip curves illustrating a manner in which the circuitry of the preceding figures may operate to extend a range of tripping and to apply algorithms specifically designed for extending the range; and  
         [0012]      FIG. 7  is a flow chart illustrating exemplary logic in the design and implementation of an extended range component protection device in accordance with aspects of the present technique. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0013]     Turning now to the drawings, and referring first to  FIG. 1 , a protective device or system  10  is illustrated diagrammatically for providing power to and for protecting a load, such as an electric motor  12 . In the illustrated embodiment, the device  10  is a three-phase device configured to deliver a three-phase power to the motor from power conductors  14 ,  16  and  18  which are typically coupled to the power grid. In a typical application, the protective device  10  can provide power directly from the grid to the motor, or the device may be configured for providing controlled power to the motor, such as for soft starting the motor or for driving the motor at variable frequencies (i.e. an inverter drive). Device  10  is also coupled to a network  20 , such as an industrial control and monitoring network. Such networks may operate in accordance with any suitable network protocol such as well-known DeviceNet, ControlNet protocols or any other suitable protocol. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, such networks typically permit for the exchange of data between networked devices. In the present context, a remote control and monitoring circuit  22 , such as a programmable logic controller, remote computer, or any other suitable device, may be coupled to the network for monitoring operation of the protective device  10 , resetting the device, where appropriate, and so forth. Interactions between the remote control and monitoring circuit  22  and device  10  will be discussed in greater detail below.  
         [0014]     In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1 , device  10  includes an instantaneous trip device  24 , such as an electromagnetic overload device. As discussed in greater detail below, the device  10  is configured to service a wide range of loads, much wider than conventional motor starters and protective circuitry. Accordingly, and also as described in greater detail below, the instantaneous trip device  24  is selected to open the circuits between the power conductors  14 ,  16  and  18  and the load at a substantially high current, as compared to the normal full load current of certain of the devices that can be coupled to the protective device as loads. Protective device  10  further includes a contactor  26  which can also serve to open the conductive paths between the phase conductors and the load, under the control of control circuitry  28 . As will be discussed in greater detail below, the control circuitry  28  may regulate opening and closing of the contactor  26  in different current ranges, depending upon the rating of the load or motor  12  to which the device is coupled. That is, below certain current ratings, the control circuitry  28  may cause the contactor  26  to open, thereby tripping the device, based upon a first algorithm as determined by the rating of the load. In a higher current range, the control circuitry  28  causes the contactor to open to protect the conductors used to link the phase conductors to the load. In this range of operation, the control circuitry  28  and contactor  26  effectively implement and instantaneous trip regime via software.  
         [0015]     The control circuitry  28  is preferably linked to the network  20  by a network interface  30 . The network interface  30  may provide for signal conditioning, power for certain of the circuitry of the control circuitry  28 , and generally serves to interface the control circuitry via the network protocol with other devices on the network  20 . In particular, the network interface  30  may permit resetting of the contactor  26  remotely, such as by control signals received from the remote control and monitoring  22 . The protective device  10  further includes sensors, as indicated at reference numeral  32 . In a present embodiment, sensors  32  are current sensors, such as current transformers. Other types of sensors, may, of course, be employed, particularly for sensing currents applied to the motor  12 . In appropriate situations, sensors  32  may also include voltage sensors. The sensors may operate in accordance with any suitable physical phenomenon such as Hall-effect sensors.  
         [0016]     As noted above, the protector device  10 , and particularly the control circuitry  28 , in conjunction with the contactor  26  and the instantaneous trip  24 , permit application of power to the load coupled to the device. In accordance with aspects of the present technique, two separate types of algorithms or controlled methodologies are implemented. In a first methodology, a trip range is defined below a desired multiple of the motor full load current rating. Above this full load current rating multiple, a separate and parallel algorithm permits tripping that imitates an instantaneous trip device. The instantaneous trip device  24  may thus be selected for a highest full load current in a range of devices to which the protector device  10  is designed to operate. However, because this multiple may be much higher than desired for certain of the devices to which the protective device  10  is coupled, the algorithm causes trips at a lower current multiple within the extended range.  
         [0017]     The particular operation of the control circuitry designed to permit such operation is described in greater detail below. However, it should be noted here that the preferred algorithms for operation of the control circuitry in a present embodiment permit the use of smaller wire than has previously been employed for many applications for which the protective device is designed. That is, modeling and algorithm design described below is particularly adapted to permit the use of 16 AWG wire for conductors coupling the protective device  10  to the grid conductors, and for conductors extending to the load. It has been found that the use of 16 AWG wire greatly facilitates installation and servicing of the device. Such standardization was heretofore impossible given the ratings of devices used for larger loads.  
         [0018]      FIG. 2  illustrates certain functional circuitry of the control circuitry  28 . As indicated above, the control circuitry implements algorithms for protection of the load to which the device is coupled. In particular, the circuitry implements a wire protection path  34  and a load or motor protection path  36 . While the instantaneous trip device  24  (see  FIG. 1 ) is provided for tripping at very high currents or full load current multiples (the particular multiple depending upon the rating of the device to which the circuitry is coupled), the instantaneous trip device  24  is preferably selected based upon the highest current rating of the family of devices to which the protective device  10  is designed to be coupled. That is, for devices with a higher current rating, the instantaneous trip device will provide a lower full load current multiple trip point. For lower-rated devices, however, the instantaneous trip device will provide a much higher full load current rating multiple for tripping. To accommodate this situation, the control circuitry  28  illustrated in  FIG. 2 , permits protection of the motor and wiring in a first range of operation, and particularly protects the wiring in an extended range over which an instantaneous trip device would operate in conventional arrangements.  
         [0019]     In the diagrammatical view of  FIG. 2 , the wire protection path  34  and motor protection path  36  are coupled at downstream of a rectifier circuit  38  which receives input from the current sensors  32 . To permit the use of certain current sensors and the extended overload range, a nuisance trip avoidance circuit  40  is provided downstream of the wire protection path  34 . That is, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, signals from the current sensors may degrade at higher current levels. Thus, time constants used in the models implemented by the circuitry (discussed in greater detail below) may provide for faster tripping than in conventional devices. Such faster tripping, then, will affect the tripping at lower currents and could cause nuisance tripping. Such nuisance tripping can result from motor asymmetry transients, particularly upon startup, as discussed in greater detail below, the nuisance trip avoidance circuitry  40  permits the use of time constants that would otherwise result in faster tripping, while avoiding nuisance tripping due to such asymmetries.  
         [0020]     In the diagrammatical representation of  FIG. 2 , the wire protection path  34  and the motor protection path  36  appear to be generally similar. That is, the wire protection path  34  includes signal condition circuitry  42  and wire thermal protection circuitry  44 . Similarly, the motor protection path  36  includes signal conditioning circuitry  46  and motor thermal protection circuitry  48 . As discussed below, the circuitry, in fact, act on different signal inputs from the rectifier circuitry  38 , and model heating of the wiring and load in different manners, and based upon different input parameters. Tripping of the contactor  26  (see  FIG. 1 ) may be based upon either the modeling provided by the wire protection path  34  or the motor protection path  36 . This permits implementation of algorithms for tripping in the two separate ranges as discussed in greater detail below. The arrangement also permits the use of smaller wiring (e.g. 16 AWG) and standardization upon the desired wiring. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2 , output of the nuisance trip avoidance circuitry  40  and of the motor thermal protection circuitry  48  are combined in an “OR” device  50  which produces a trip signal for the contactor  26 .  
         [0021]     A present implementation of the circuitry illustrated generally in  FIG. 2  is shown in  FIG. 3 . As noted above, the wire protection path  34  and the motor protection path  36  are coupled to the rectifier circuitry  38  which receives signals from the current sensors. The wire protection path  34  then includes peak detection/buffer circuitry  52 , scaling circuitry  54 , and further scaling circuitry  56 . Implementations of the illustrated circuitry are more fully illustrated in  FIG. 4  discussed below.  
         [0022]     Based upon the peak detected current, which is scaled by circuitry  54  and  56 , the wire thermal protection circuitry  44  receives a scaled current input and models wiring heating via wiring thermal modeling circuitry  58 . Circuitry  58  estimates heating of the wiring that supplies power to the load based upon an assumed thermal constant or “τ” as indicated at reference numeral  60  in  FIG. 3 . As will appreciated by those skilled in the art, the value of τ can be used as the basis for a logarithmic heating function that relates current to the temperature of the wiring. A heat value calculation circuit  62 , then, estimates a desired or rated temperature or heat value for the wiring. The modeled wiring temperature and the heat value calculation circuit temperature are then compared at a comparator  64 . When the estimated or modeled wiring temperature approaches or exceeds the desired wiring temperature, a trip signal is generated by the comparator  64 . This trip signal is, however, fed to the nuisance trip avoidance circuitry  40  prior to being applied to the “OR” device  50 . Thus, nuisance trips based upon higher peak occurrence do, for example, to motor asymmetries, are avoided.  
         [0023]     The motor protection path  36  includes signal conditioning circuitry  66  that receives input from the rectifier circuitry  38 . The signal conditioning circuitry  66  is also described in greater detail below with reference to  FIG. 4  in a present implementation. Based upon conditioning provided by the circuitry  66 , output signals are compared at a comparator  68 , to produce a single output signal which is scaled by scaling circuitry  70 . The scale signal is then applied to a motor thermal modeling circuitry  72  of the motor thermal protection circuitry  48 . In a manner similar to that of the wiring thermal modeling circuitry  58 , the motor thermal modeling circuitry  72  estimates heating of the load based upon and assumed thermal time constant τ. The thermal time constant is input as indicated at reference numeral  74 . As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, different thermal time constants may be provided for different loads, i.e., different motors having different ratings. The resulting modeled heating is then compared to anticipated or desired heating computed by a heat (trip) value calculation circuit  76 . The computed trip value is itself computed based upon the rated full load current for the motor coupled to the circuitry. Based upon this comparison, performed by a comparator  78 , an output or trip signal is generated that is applied to the “OR” device  50 . As also illustrated in  FIG. 3 , a reporting or indicator signal is generated by a comparator  80  that is a ratio of the modeled temperature to the desired temperature. This signal may be applied to downstream circuitry, such as to remote control or monitoring circuitry  22  (see  FIG. 1 ). The output signal may provide an indication of motor heating as a function of the desired or rated heating.  
         [0024]      FIG. 4  is diagrammatical illustration of certain of the upstream circuitry for signal conditioning illustrated in  FIG. 3 . In particular, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , inputs from the current sensors may be applied to inductors  82  (if appropriate) and then to the peak detection/buffer circuitry  52  and to the signal condition circuitry  66 . The peak detection/buffer circuitry  52  includes a series of resistors, operation amplifiers, and diodes that serve to buffer the input signals and provide a single peak output applied to the scaling circuitry  54 . Scaling circuitry  54  affectively scales the output of the peak detection/buffer circuitry  52 , which may be on the order of  24  VDC, producing a scaled output of 0 to 5 VDC. The circuitry  52  and  54  affectively account for signal degradation that may occur at higher currents. That is, in certain cases, and depending upon the types of current sensors used, signal degradation may occur due to saturation of the sensor components. The circuitry permits the use of such sensors, however, despite the considerably extended current range of the protection device as described herein. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, for example, each current transformer will produce waveforms similar to those illustrated by the graphical representation  84  in  FIG. 4 . Output of the peak detection/buffer circuitry  52  and scaling circuitry  54  will, however, provide a slightly rippled output waveform as indicated by the graphical representation of  86  in  FIG. 4 .  
         [0025]     The signal conditioning circuitry  66  illustrated in  FIG. 4  comprises a series of resistors and capacitors. The circuitry permits for reduction of noise due to electromagnetic interference, as well as protection from overdriving analog 2-digitial converters of the motor thermal protection circuitry  48 . In a present embodiment, the signal conditioning circuitry  66  produces output signals ranging from 0 to 5 VDC.  
         [0026]     In a present embodiment, the circuitry illustrated in  FIG. 4  is provided on a first printed circuit board, while a second print circuit board supports the scaling circuitry  56 , comparator circuitry  68 , scaling circuitry  70 , and the wiring and motor thermal modeling circuitry (see, e.g.,  FIG. 3 ). Any other suitable construction or topography may, of course, be employed. Indeed, the present device is particularly well-suited for application with and mounting in close proximity to a load to which power is applied and which is protected by the circuitry. Such configurations, which may be referred to as “on-machine” configurations, provide for application of power adjacent to the load, while providing the highly-adaptive control and protection functions of networked control systems. The present techniques are not, however, limited to on-machine implementations.  
         [0027]     The foregoing circuitry is illustrated in somewhat greater detail in  FIG. 5 . As noted above, the circuitry of  FIG. 5  is, in a present embodiment, populated on a single control circuit board. The wire thermal protection circuitry  44  receives input from signal conditioning circuitry that, in turn, receives input from the scaling circuitry  54  discussed above. In a present implementation, scaling is performed for an i 2 t inverse time modeling algorithm as indicated at reference numeral  88 . Scaling is performed by a scaling divisor  90  which generates a ratio of the signal received from scaling circuitry  54  and the input from the i 2 t scaling module  88 . This scaled input is then applied to the wiring thermal modeling circuitry  58 . As noted above, based upon the modeled heating of the wiring (e.g., standardized 16 AWG), as dictated by the time constant τ inputted reference numeral  60 , and the comparison performed by comparator  64 , a trip signal may be generated based upon wire heating.  
         [0028]     Similarly, output from the signal conditioning circuitry  66  discussed above is applied to comparator  68  of the scaling circuitry  70 . Again based upon an i 2 t scaling modules  92 , a scaling signal is applied to a scaling divisor  94  which generates a scale signal which is a ratio of the inputs. This scale signal is then applied to the motor thermal modeling circuitry  72 . Based upon the time constant τ input as indicated at reference numeral  74 , and the comparison made by comparator  78 , then, a trip signal may be similarly generated based upon modeled motor heating.  
         [0029]     As noted above, to permit the use of certain types of current sensors, and to account for asymmetric transients in the load (e.g., upon starting) nuisance trip avoidance circuitry  40  is provided. In the implementation illustrated in  FIG. 5 , a circuitry includes a trip threshold input which is a number of counts, such as 20 counts. A trip count input  98  is also provided that is a running count of the number of consecutive trip signals generated by the comparator  64 . In a present implementation, then, samples of the trip signals generated by comparator  64  are accumulated based upon one ms interrupts. If the value measured is above a predetermined constant value, such as 9 times the permitted wire current, the trip count  98  is incremented. This incremented value is then compared to the trip threshold, such as the constant of 20 counts by a comparator  100 . Thus, if 20 counts above the desired threshold are accumulated, an enable signal is output by the comparator  100  to and “AND” device  102 . The nuisance trip avoidance circuitry  40 , thus, requires that a constant elevated current level is detected for the programmed time (e.g., 20 ms) and that the trip signal from comparator  64  is present in order to generate a trip output to be applied to the “OR” device  50 . The nuisance trip avoidance circuitry  40  permits the use of a τ value input (see reference numeral  60 ) that provides for fast tripping and the use of certain types of current sensors. The circuitry also facilitates use of a threshold enabling an extended range of (instantaneous) overload tripping with the use of the same contactor for both large and small loads.  
         [0030]     In particular, the present arrangement facilitates the modeling of heating for both overload protection and instantaneous tripping. Such tripping is provided by the algorithms employed and implemented by the foregoing circuitry, which may be graphically illustrated as shown in  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 6  illustrates two separate ranges of operation, including a first range  106  designed to protect wiring and the load based upon conventional i 2 t inverse time algorithms as generally known in the art. However, the algorithms here are implemented by the same devices for a number of different types and sizes of loads. A second, extended range  108  is provided for higher current level tripping. The single or unified curve of the extended range  108  is typically different than the curves that would be extended from the curves of range  106 .  
         [0031]     The graphical illustration of the ranges  106  and  108  of  FIG. 6  are illustrated graphically along a horizontal axis  110  that represents current, and a vertical axis  112  that represents time. A boundary between ranges  106  and  108 , as indicated generally at reference numeral  114  may be defined by applicable electrical codes, such as at a level of 6-10 times the full load current (FLC) for a particular class of motor. The multiple of the FLC defining the boundary  114  may be based upon the locked rotor current, for example. An upper limit  116  for the extended range  108  is defined by the rating of the instantaneous trip device  24  illustrated in  FIG. 1  above. While the instantaneous trip device is, in conventional systems, typically selected as a circuit breaker designed to operate at a somewhat higher multiple of the FLC than the overload trip threshold, typically on the order of 13 times FLC, it will be noted that in the present arrangement, because the instantaneous trip devices selected based upon the highest FLC of devices to be serviced by the protection circuitry, the multiple of the FLC for smaller loads will be considerably higher than in conventional devices. The foregoing circuitry, thus, provides instantaneous tripping to accommodate for this considerably extended range of operation. The particular size and rating for the instantaneous trip device (i.e. circuit breaker) may be selected based upon additional factors, such as minimization of the number of different components in the systems, and so forth, and may provide a multiple of the highest FLC greater or less than 13× (e.g. 20×).  
         [0032]     In a typical implementation, standard curves defining the relationships of range  106  will be provided in a conventional manner. Such curves, which are typically defined by a class (e.g., class  10 ) provide for motor thermal protection up to the desired multiple of a full load of FLC. An extended operation curve, indicated at reference numeral  120  in  FIG. 6 , then, defines operation of the device above the threshold  114 , and provides for protection of the wiring in the event of a rapid but high current trip event. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the algorithm resulting in the curve  120  will typically not model the trip current performance in a manner similar to the extension of the curves in range  106 . For example, in a case of a class  10  device, the extension of the corresponding curve from range  106  may be indicated by the curve of reference numeral  122 . However, the actual curve  120  may be shallower than the ideal i 2 t curve extended as indicated at reference numeral  122 . However, tripping is provided in the extended range by the circuitry described above to protect wiring above the threshold  114 .  
         [0033]     The nature of the operation of the foregoing circuitry, as graphically illustrated in  FIG. 6  may be summed up through series of considerations. First, the operating range  106  is defined by multiple curves based upon the motor FLC. Such curves are typically dictated by class standards. The protection within this region or range is afforded for both the motor and the wiring. The circuitry thus recognizes the occurrence of overload conditions and opens the contactor  26  under the control of the control circuitry  28  (see, e.g.,  FIG. 1 ).  
         [0034]     Within the operating range  108 , on the other hand, a single curve or relationship is provided for tripping. Protection is thus afforded for the smallest wire in the motor branch circuitry, which in a present embodiment is selected as 16 AWG. The extended range similarly recognizes overload conditions which may be adversely affect the wire by such heating and causes opening of the contactor.  
         [0035]     The following is an example the extended range operation of the present technique. A single device, power and protection may be provided for a range of motors of a frame size C. The present technique provides for accommodating motors from approximately 2 Hp to approximately 10 Hp, having minimum FLC ratings of 3.2 and maximum FLC ratings of 16A respectively. Current sensing hardware, including current sensors, amplifiers and analog-to-digital converters, are provided for a range of operation to approximately 8 times the maximum of FLC (8×16A=128A). That is, the unit is designed to operate for overload conditions of up to 16A of the rated device, or an RMS current of 128A, with a peak of approximately 180A (128×{square root}{square root over (2)}). Continuing with this example, the rating of approximately 180A will correspond to the threshold  114  of  FIG. 6 . Tripping within the first range  106 , however, will be determined by the circuitry described above and upon the time constants and curves implemented by the circuitry.  
         [0036]     To provide for the extended range, an instantaneous trip device is selected based upon the highest FLC of the loads that can be accommodated by the circuitry, in this example 16A. That is, the limit  116  illustrated in  FIG. 6  is effectively a fixed instantaneous trip level as defined by the instantaneous trip device. In the current example the device may be selected for instantaneous tripping at a multiple of the highest FLC of the serviced devices, such as at 325A RMS. The peak operating condition, then, for this device would be approximately 460A (325×{square root}{square root over (2)}). It will be noted that in the foregoing example, while a relatively standard multiple of the FLC of the larger serviced device is provided by the instantaneous trip device (approximately 20× the FLC of the largest frames C device, e.g., a 10 Hp motor), a much higher multiple results for the smaller devices, on the order of 100× the FLC of the smaller device rated at 3.2A (325A/3.2A). However, due to the modeling and tripping provided by the control circuitry and contactor described above, such extended ranges may be afforded and multiple devices of substantially different current ratings may be serviced by the same hardware and software.  
         [0037]     In a current implementation, for example, two different frames of motors (actually provided in the same physical frame) denoted frame A and frame B are serviced by a single device with FLC ranges of 0.5A to 5.5A. A second protective device is offered for a range of loads in a frame C, ranging from 3.2A to 16A as in the example discussed above. T (τ) values (provided in terms of τ times the sample period of 1 ms are set at values of 33, 78 and 262 for the three frames A, B and C, although such values are highly dependent upon the time constant, sample rate scaling, trip levels, and other system and component design factors.  
         [0038]     The methodology for design of the present protective devices, and further implementation is set forth generally in  FIG. 7 . The implementation logic, indicated generally by reference numeral  124 , may begin with selection of a contactor, such as contactor  26  illustrated in  FIG. 1 , based upon the highest instantaneous trip and full load current rating for devices to be serviced by the protective circuitry. As summarized above, although a range of devices will be serviced by the protective circuitry, the use of the highest instantaneous trip and full load current rating for the family of devices permits implementation of an extended range algorithm that effectively protects wiring used for branch circuitry coupled to the load.  
         [0039]     As indicated at step  128 , then, a program or model is implemented by class for overload for a thermal overload tripping. Such programming is provided in the circuitry described above, including the motor thermal protection circuitry. The modeling provides for tripping below a threshold typically set by reference to an i 2 t inverse time algorithm for a class of loads based upon a desired multiple, such as from 6 to 10 times the FLC for the load. As indicated at step  130 , the program or model is based upon the algorithm for wire and motor protection, typically the class standard algorithm. At the same time, nuisance trip avoidance is provided as indicated at reference numeral  132 , to accommodate for asymmetries in the load performance, typically permitting higher currents upon start up of a motor.  
         [0040]     As indicated at step  134  in  FIG. 7 , instantaneous trip is then provided within the extended range discussed above. As also discussed above, the instantaneous trip is typically provided based upon protection of wiring, with standard wiring parameters being employed in a present embodiment, such as to protect 16 AWG wire. Reference numeral  136  indicates the algorithm  2  that is employed in this trip regime for wire protection as discussed above.  
         [0041]     As noted above, the protective circuitry may be employed in a network setting in conjunction with remote control and monitoring circuitry, such as circuitry  22  illustrated in  FIG. 1 . Where such circuitry is provided, and due to the interfacing of the control circuitry  28  with the network, remote reset capabilities are afforded, as indicated at reference numeral  138  in  FIG. 7 . Such remote resetting facilitates monitoring and continued operation of the devices, as opposed to traditional resetting which typically requires physical and manual presence at the point of resetting. As noted above, because the foregoing circuitry is very well suited to mounting at a load location, or immediately adjacent to the locating of a load, such remote resetting is particularly advantageous as the loads may be widely displaced from a central monitoring location.  
         [0042]     While only certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.