Abstract:
We report an electro-deionization (EDI) device having split flow arrangement for the purification of second pass RO permeate water with high flow rate in which the feed water is fed through the center port and is diverted into each section of dilute chamber with equal flow rate, producing two product streams. The EDI device has concentrate chambers adjacent to dilute chambers in two sections of the stack, allowing independent flow through the separate sections. The split flow design reduces resin bed depth requirement for processing of second pass RO permeate water. This results in higher flow rate through the stack, elimination of the pressure drop limitation, and reduction of power consumption per unit volume of water.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/428,413, filed on Dec. 30, 2010, and to Indian Patent Application No. 2384/DEL/2010, filed on Oct. 4, 2010. Both of those applications are incorporated by reference as if fully rewritten herein. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     Embodiments of the invention relate to electro-deionization methods and apparatus. 
     2. Background of the Related Art 
     An Electro-Deionization apparatus (EDI) is a device that removes the dissolved impurities of reverse osmosis (“RO”) permeate water with the help of resin media, ion exchange membrane and DC current. The EDI process is a continuous process as it does not need chemicals such as acid and caustic for regeneration of resin media and membranes. The resin media is regenerated during the purification of water due to continuous water splitting occurring inside the EDI apparatus. Splitting of H+ and OH− ions happens due to the electric potential generated within the dilute compartment from the H2O molecules which regenerates the corresponding resin ions continuously. 
     An EDI apparatus is generally used for the purification of reverse osmosis permeate water up to a level of 0.055 μS/cm conductivity and makes it suitable for various industrial applications including but not limited to boiler feed/steam generation, microelectronics/semiconductor makeup or rinse water, and purified USP grade water. 
     An EDI apparatus is typically made up of ion exchange resin, ion exchange membranes, electrodes for DC supply and hardware components for water flow distribution. The arrangement of ion exchange membranes, anion exchange membranes and cation exchange membrane, are very important in an EDI apparatus. They are generally arranged in alternate manner with respect to anode and cathode electrodes. The ion exchange resin media are filled in the chambers/compartments which are formed due the arrangement of anion and cation exchange membranes. This leads to the formation of dilute chambers and concentrate chambers. 
     The dilute chambers are those in which the feed water (RO permeate) gets purified and become ultra pure water whereas the concentrate chambers are adjacent alternate positioned to dilute in which the removed ions from the dilute chambers are collected and flushed out from the apparatus with the help of separate water stream. A small portion of the water is also used for flushing and cooling the cathode and anode electrodes, called Electrode Rinse stream and the chamber is called the Electrode Rinse Chamber. 
     The efficiency and commercial utilization of any EDI apparatus depends upon the quantity of product water produced per unit area of membrane, per unit volume of ion exchange media or per cell pair of membranes. There are many commercial EDI apparatus are available in market which can be easily divided into three categories— 
     1) Low Flow Rate EDI Apparatus: 
     This type of EDI apparatus are generally thin cell plate and frame EDI having product flow rate range of 1.5 m3/hr and 2.0 m3/hr with 30 or more cell pair. The output product flow of each dilute chamber is generally in the range of 50 to 60 LPH or less. 
     2) Medium Flow Rate EDI Apparatus: 
     The second category EDI apparatus are generally thick cell plate and frame EDI having product flow rate of 2.5 m3/hr-5.0 m3/hr with 30 cell pair or more. The output product flow of each dilute chamber is generally in the range of 80 to 170 LPH or less. 
     In both the first and the second category the pressure drop across dilute chamber (feed to product) is typically around 20 to 30 psi for nominal flow rate. For maximum flow rate it typically increases up to 40-60 psi. The effective length of dilute chambers of such EDI apparatus vary from 350 mm to 450 mm and width vary from 100 mm to 200 mm. The resin volume inside the dilute chambers of these EDI apparatus does not allow increase in the flow rate due to high pressure drops, mechanical leaks or mechanical strength of the apparatus. 
     The typical flow configuration of both category EDI apparatus is shown in  FIG. 1 . A third category of EDI apparatus is also used. 
     3) High Flow EDI Apparatus: 
     To achieve high product flow rate, more than 5.0 m3/hr, a third category of EDI apparatus is also used, which is generally the combination of multiple EDI apparatus, connected together in parallel with 40 to 60 number of cell pairs per unit, for producing high product flow rate from the stacks. The product flow rate per dilute chamber of this type EDI apparatus is similar to medium flow rate EDI apparatus. The high product flow through these EDI apparatus is only due to the increased area of dilute chambers. 
     For the production of ultra pure water, an EDI apparatus generally is used to purify either permeate water of single pass RO, where the feed ion load is high with challenging scaling ions, or permeate water of second pass RO permeate, where the feed ions load are very less with negligible amount of scaling ions. 
     The scaling ions (like Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , CO 3 , SiO 2 , etc) have big role to play in any EDI operation and have been the cause for limiting conditions requiring additional pretreatment that may be uneconomical in many cases. Some solutions to this problem have been proposed. For example, the fractional deionization process reported in U.S. Pat. No. 6,896,814, incorporated by reference herein, uses a dual voltage process for the removal of higher load of scaling ions without scaling in EDI apparatus. 
     EDI design for certain flow depends upon the feed condition and the product quality requirement. For harsher feed condition such as single pass RO permeate water with challenging scaling ions, the product flow is typically reduced. This makes the system costly and therefore unattractive for use. 
     The typical product flow rate of an EDI apparatus at different feed hardness (as CaCO 3 ) and feed conductivity equivalent (FCE) loads are summarized as,
         a. Product flow rate=2.4 m3/hr when feed hardness (as CaCO 3 ) is 3 ppm and total FCE load is 25-30 μS/cm for the product quality requirement of more than 10 to 16 MOhms   b. Product flow rate=3.5 m3/hr when feed hardness (as CaCO 3 ) is 1 ppm and total FCE load is 15-20 μS/cm for the product quality requirement of more than 10 to 16 MOhms   c. Product flow rate=4.5 m3/hr when feed hardness (as CaCO 3 ) is 0.1 ppm and total FCE load is &lt;10 μS/cm for the product quality requirement of more than 10 to 16 MOhms       

     When the feed hardness (as CaCO 3 ) is less than 0.1 ppm like in second pass RO permeate water, the EDI behavior is quite different. Scaling is not a major concern, and the rate of effective in-situ media regeneration is the main criterion to govern the process and higher product quality can be easily achievable even with high flow rate but the main limitation is the higher pressure drop across the dilute chamber in regular flow mode. 
     The previously mentioned fractional deionization process of U.S. Pat. No. 6,896,814 B2 is a two stage process that deals with hardness and silica removal in separate zones because of their different current requirement. The design of an apparatus for this reason has two stages and is able to produce product flow rate up to 5.0 m3/hr with its regular flow mode. This process/apparatus when used for double pass RO grade water with novel split flow design is able to treat as high as 8 to 10 m3/hr of product water against normally product flow rate which is 3 to 5 m3/hr. Single stack with 8 to 10 m3/hr reduces the line connections, minimize pressure drop across dilute chamber, reduce power consumption per unit volume of water and makes a economical and viable proposition for the user. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     To attempt to overcome the limitation of high pressure drop, more cell pair or increased unit area for high flow rate and mechanical leaks through EDI apparatus, we provide the unique EDI apparatus design reported herein. Embodiments of the invention may overcome one or more of the limitations, and may be capable of producing high product flow rate in the ranges of 5.0 m3/hr to 10.0 m3/hr for treating 2 nd  pass RO permeate water to produced ultra pure level, more than 1.0 MOhms/cm product (generally 10 to 16 MOhms·cm product water) with only 30-35 cell pairs. The output product flow rate through each dilute camber of embodiments of this new EDI apparatus is 150 to 280 LPH which is almost double of the conventional EDI apparatus. The design of the new EDI apparatus has the flexibility to operate in conventional mode if single pass RO permeate water is provided as feedwater. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1  shows the flow configuration of a conventional EDI apparatus. 
         FIG. 2  shows a schematic view of a split-flow EDI apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 3  shows an exemplary embodiment of a dilute spacer including dimensions suitable for use in an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 4  shows a new design of a dilute chamber of the invention. 
         FIG. 5  shows an embodiment of a concentrate chamber of the invention. 
         FIG. 6  shows a spacer of the invention with an emphasis on the middle rib at A. 
         FIG. 7  shows an EDI assembly according to one embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 8  shows flow configuration of an embodiment of the new EDI dilute spacer for single pass RO permeate water. 
         FIG. 9  shows product resistivity for one example of an embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 10  shows Graph 2, which is a product quality diagram for a 30-cell-pair embodiment of the invention reported in Example 3. 
         FIG. 11  shows Graph 3, which is a product quality diagram for a 35-cell-pair embodiment of the invention reported in Example 3. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     An EDI apparatus provided by an embodiment of the invention generally comprises the following main components—
         Dilute chambers (typically 30-35 in number)   Concentrate chambers (typically 31-36 in number)   Electrode chambers (02 in number) which contains anode and cathode electrodes   Metal End plates (02 in numbers)   Outer covers.       

     In most of the cases the single pass RO permeate used as feed water contains Feed conductivity equivalent (FCE) ranges between 10 and 40 μS/cm with high scaling ions like Calcium, Magnesium, bicarbonates, silica and CO 2 , whereas the 2 nd  pass RO feed water generally contains less than 10 μS/cm FCE, with negligible amounts of CO 2  and silica. For treating such 2 nd  pass RO permeate water a minimum resin bed length is sufficient for producing more than 10 Megaohms/cm ultra pure water. 
     Based on this finding a new split flow EDI apparatus has been designed which has two sections (sections 1 &amp; 2, as shown in  FIG. 3 ). The total length of spacer is designed to 550 mm with an effective resin bed length of 200-220 mm, preferably 210 mm in each section, and the total width of spacer is designed to 300 mm with effective resin bed width of 200 mm in each section. The thickness of dilute chamber is 11 mm with net volume of 396 cm 3  and net membrane surface area of 360 cm 2  in each section. Of course these dimensions are for an exemplary embodiment and should not be implied to limit the claims. 
     This allows a stack design embodying a novel split flow EDI concept, wherein one can maximize the flow through the EDI stack by splitting the flow through the stack into two parts. 
     During operation of a typical embodiment, the feed water is fed through the center port and is diverted into each section of dilute chamber with equal flow rate and produced two products (Product-1 &amp; Product-2, as shown in  FIG. 2 ). The EDI apparatus has similar design concentrate chambers where two separate concentrate streams that flush the removed ions from the dilute chambers. 
     One unique feature of this concept is flow patterns within the stack. The flow patterns have a combination of up-flow and down flow. The lower part of the stack operates in a down flow mode and the upper part of the stack operates in an up-flow mode. The dilute and concentrate chambers follow similar flow patterns and remain co-flow with each other. Since the water flows happen through half of the stack length, water volume processed can be increased for the same pressure drop, and a similar quantity of water can be processed through the other half. 
     The split flow design reduces resin bed depth required for processing of second pass RO permeate water. This results in higher flow rate through the stack and reduces power consumption per unit volume of water compared to typical EDI. 
     For treating 2 nd  pass RO permeate water, the RO permeate water may be fed through the port N2 (1-inch), shown in  FIG. 4 , which is then distributed into each section of dilute chamber with equal flow rate and ultimately produces two products (Product-1 &amp; Product-2) which come out from Port N1 and N4 (both 1-inch). Thus each section acts as an independent dilute chamber. Product output flow is doubled over a single-section dilute chamber. The EDI apparatus has concentrate chambers where two separate concentrate streams removed ions from respective dilute chambers. The Electrode Rinse chamber is also designed with a similar configuration having two separate electrodes for each section at each ends. The typical view of dilute spacer and dilute chamber flow configuration of new EDI apparatus is shown in  FIG. 3  and  FIG. 4  respectively. 
     Concentrate Chamber: 
     The concentrate spacer of new EDI apparatus ( FIG. 5 ) contains conducting mesh of 1.0-2.0 mm thick and the total thickness of concentrate chamber is 2.0-3.0 mm including gaskets. The EDI apparatus has two separate concentrate streams for both section 1&amp;2 and the flow is co-current of dilute flow for each section as shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     A typical view of a concentrate chamber flow configuration used in an embodiment of our EDI apparatus is shown in  FIG. 5   
     Another special feature of embodiments of our EDI apparatus is a middle solid supporting rib included in the components/spacers. An example of a rib is shown as Part A of  FIG. 6 . The ribs play an important role and have following features:
         Separate and differentiate the two sections and accommodate two sections in a lesser foot print.   Provide an ability to install inlet and flow distribution nozzles to split flows between two sections.   Provide mechanical strength to the components/spacers, and   Prevent the components/spacers from bulging which generally observed in conventional EDI spacer if length would be larger due the resin compression pressure in dilute chambers.
 
New EDI Apparatus Assembly:
       

     An embodiment of the new EDI apparatus may be assembled in the following manner, with a typical assembly shown in  FIG. 7 : 
     The cathode chamber is formed by placing anion membranes in each section of Electrode housing plate (EHP) which contains two cathodes and cation resin media in each section. The cathodes may be, for example, SS-316 cathodes. 
     Then a concentrate chamber is formed by placing concentrate spacer (CS) over anion membranes of cathode chamber. The concentrate spacer contains conducting mesh in each section. 
     The dilute chambers is formed by placing cation membranes on each section of new design dilute spacer facing towards cathode and by placing anion membranes on each section of dilute spacer facing towards anode. The resin media is accommodated in each section of dilute spacer between two membranes. 
     The another adjacent concentrate chambers are formed placing concentrate spacer in which the anion membrane of each section faces towards the cathode side and the cation membrane faces towards the anode side. 
     One dilute chamber and one concentrate chamber forms one cell pair. Typically 30-35 cell pair of dilute and concentrate chambers are assembled. 
     An anode chamber is formed after last concentrate chamber by placing an electrode housing plate (EHP) which contains two titanium anodes and cation resin media in each section. 
     Finally the whole 30-35 cell pair of dilute and concentrate chambers and two electrode chambers are tighten by two end plate (EP), one at each end, with the help of stainless steel (SS) studs. 
     Spacers may be separated by rings, preferably EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) to prevent leakage of water during operation. 
     Description of New Design EDI Apparatus for Treating Single Pass RO Permeate Water: 
     Embodiments of the new EDI apparatus design have the flexibility to operate for higher conducting (more than 10 μS/cm) RO permeate water (single pass RO) in the alternative to second-pass RO permeate water. In case of single pass RO, the permeate water is fed from the port N1 (typically a 1-inch port) and the section-1 product (D1) entered in section-2 from port N3 as Port N2 and N3 has interconnectivity and finally the purified product comes out from port N4. Two separate concentrate streams also flow in adjacent concentrate chambers as co-current as shown in  FIG. 8   
     EXAMPLES 
     A series of trials were conducted on new design EDI apparatus with 30-35 cell pair configuration. 
     Comparative Example-1 
     Conventional Mode 
     A 30-cell pair stack was assembled and tested with regular flow mode with feed at the bottom and product at the top. The stack tested for 71 hrs with product flow of 3.5 m3/hr to 5.0 m3/hr flow with feed FCE of 10 μS/cm. The stack configuration was: —
         Dilute chambers—30 nos with resin media   Concentrate chambers—31 nos with conducting mesh   Electrode chambers—O 2  nos.   End plates—O 2  number   Electrode: anode—Titanium and Cathode—SS-316   Membrane: Heterogeneous Ion exchange membranes   Effective Membrane area of dilute chamber—4.32 m2       

     The product quality of stack was more than 16 MegaOhms·cm with higher pressure dilute drop. At 3.5 m3/hr product flow, dilute pressure drop was 27 psi, at 4.0 m3/hr it was 34 psi, at 4.5 psi it was increased to 43 psi and at maximum 5.0 m3/hr it reached up to 50 psi. The feed temperature was around 25° C. The summarized data of comparative stack are in table-1: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Comparative example stack data: 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Stack 
                 Feed 
                   
                 Dilute 
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 Section-1 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Op. 
                 FCE 
                 Feed 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 Voltage 
                 Current 
               
               
                   
                 Hrs 
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 M-ohms · cm 
                 VDC 
                 amps 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 10.4 
                 6.2 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 15.71 
                 250 
                 1.2 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 9.7 
                 6.7 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 17.08 
                 250 
                 1.2 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 10.3 
                 6.6 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 16.75 
                 250 
                 1.3 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 9.7 
                 6.7 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 17.45 
                 250 
                 1.3 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                 9.5 
                 6.6 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 17.63 
                 250 
                 1.4 
               
               
                   
                 55 
                 9.8 
                 6.6 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 17.61 
                 250 
                 1.4 
               
               
                   
                 57 
                 10.5 
                 6.5 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.35 
                 250 
                 1.5 
               
               
                   
                 58 
                 10.9 
                 6.5 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.25 
                 250 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 59 
                 10.8 
                 6.5 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.00 
                 250 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 8.9 
                 6.6 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.00 
                 250 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 61 
                 9.5 
                 6.6 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.10 
                 250 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 62 
                 9.5 
                 6.6 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.25 
                 250 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 63 
                 10.1 
                 6.6 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.20 
                 250 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 64 
                 9.1 
                 6.6 
                 43 
                 4500 
                 16.68 
                 250 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 65 
                 10.5 
                 6.5 
                 43 
                 4500 
                 16.59 
                 250 
                 1.5 
               
               
                   
                 66 
                 10.9 
                 6.4 
                 43 
                 4500 
                 16.70 
                 250 
                 1.5 
               
               
                   
                 67 
                 10.5 
                 6.5 
                 43 
                 4500 
                 16.50 
                 250 
                 1.5 
               
               
                   
                 68 
                 9.0 
                 6.5 
                 50 
                 5000 
                 16.20 
                 250 
                 1.5 
               
               
                   
                 69 
                 10.5 
                 6.4 
                 50 
                 5000 
                 16.10 
                 250 
                 1.4 
               
               
                   
                 70 
                 10.2 
                 6.3 
                 50 
                 5000 
                 16.15 
                 250 
                 1.4 
               
               
                   
                 71 
                 10.3 
                 6.5 
                 50 
                 5000 
                 16.10 
                 250 
                 1.6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Stack 
                 Feed 
                   
                 Dilute 
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 Section-2 
                 C1(OUT) 
                 C2(OUT) 
                 E.Rinse 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Op. 
                 FCE 
                 Feed 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 Voltage 
                 Current 
                 Flow 
                 flow 
                 Flow 
               
               
                 Hrs 
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 M-ohms · cm 
                 VDC 
                 amps 
                 LPH 
                 LPH 
                 LPH 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 11 
                 10.4 
                 6.2 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 15.71 
                 350 
                 2.5 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 20 
                 9.7 
                 6.7 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 17.08 
                 350 
                 2.7 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 30 
                 10.3 
                 6.6 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 16.75 
                 350 
                 2.5 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 40 
                 9.7 
                 6.7 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 17.45 
                 350 
                 2.5 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 50 
                 9.5 
                 6.6 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 17.63 
                 350 
                 2.8 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 55 
                 9.8 
                 6.6 
                 27 
                 3500 
                 17.61 
                 350 
                 3.0 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 57 
                 10.5 
                 6.5 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.35 
                 350 
                 2.9 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 58 
                 10.9 
                 6.5 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.25 
                 350 
                 2.9 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 59 
                 10.8 
                 6.5 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.00 
                 350 
                 2.9 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 60 
                 8.9 
                 6.6 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.00 
                 350 
                 2.9 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 61 
                 9.5 
                 6.6 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.10 
                 350 
                 2.9 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 62 
                 9.5 
                 6.6 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.25 
                 350 
                 2.8 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 63 
                 10.1 
                 6.6 
                 34 
                 4000 
                 17.20 
                 350 
                 3.0 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 64 
                 9.1 
                 6.6 
                 43 
                 4500 
                 16.68 
                 350 
                 2.9 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 65 
                 10.5 
                 6.5 
                 43 
                 4500 
                 16.59 
                 350 
                 2.9 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 66 
                 10.9 
                 6.4 
                 43 
                 4500 
                 16.70 
                 350 
                 2.8 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 67 
                 10.5 
                 6.5 
                 43 
                 4500 
                 16.50 
                 350 
                 2.8 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 68 
                 9.0 
                 6.5 
                 50 
                 5000 
                 16.20 
                 350 
                 2.8 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 69 
                 10.5 
                 6.4 
                 50 
                 5000 
                 16.10 
                 350 
                 2.8 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 70 
                 10.2 
                 6.3 
                 50 
                 5000 
                 16.15 
                 350 
                 2.8 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                 71 
                 10.3 
                 6.5 
                 50 
                 5000 
                 16.10 
                 350 
                 2.7 
                 250 
                 250 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example 2 
     One new split flow design EDI apparatus with 30-cell pair was assembled with the following components:
         Dilute chambers—30 in number with resin media   Concentrate chambers—31 in number with conducting mesh   Electrode chambers—O 2  in number   End plates—O 2  in number   Electrode: anode—Titanium and Cathode—SS-316   Membrane: Heterogeneous Ion exchange membranes   Effective Membrane area of dilute chamber—4.32 m2       

     The EDI apparatus has been tested for following product flow rate and feed FCE load
         A—Product flow rate*=5.0 m3/hr (5000 LPH) with feed FCE of 9 to 10 (table-1)   B—Product Flow rate*=6.0 m3/hr (6000 Lph) with Feed FCE of 1.0 to 10 (table-2)   C—Product flow rate*=7.0 m/hr (7000 Lph) with Feed FCE of 1.0 to 10 (table-3)
 
Note: * product Flow Rate=Product-1 flow+product-2 flow)
       

     The stack product quality in above three flow conditions is always more than 10 MOhms·cm. The applied current is maintained in between 2.0 amps and 3.0 amps in each section (section-1 &amp; 2). The product silica quality is always around 10 ppb from feed silica of 50 ppb to 100 ppb. 
     The stack data of above conditions are summarized in table-2 to table-4. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (stack Quality with 5.0 m3/hr (5000 LPH) product flow rate) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 FEED 
                   
                   
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 Voltage 
               
               
                   
                 FCE 
                 FEED 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 section-1 
               
               
                   
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 Mohms · cm 
                 VDC 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  9.1 
                 7.2 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 13.91 
                 334 
               
               
                   
                  9.2 
                 6.7 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 13.90 
                 330 
               
               
                   
                  9.3 
                 6.7 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 13.93 
                 330 
               
               
                   
                  9.4 
                 7.0 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 12.70 
                 326 
               
               
                   
                  9.5 
                 6.9 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 12.48 
                 326 
               
               
                   
                  9.6 
                 6.8 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 12.35 
                 327 
               
               
                   
                  9.8 
                 6.6 
                 16 
                 5000 
                 12.97 
                 337 
               
               
                   
                  9.9 
                 6.7 
                 16 
                 5000 
                 12.49 
                 328 
               
               
                   
                  9.9 
                 6.9 
                 16 
                 5000 
                 12.35 
                 327 
               
               
                   
                 10.1 
                 6.7 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 11.80 
                 325 
               
               
                   
                 10.2 
                 6.8 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 12.22 
                 330 
               
               
                   
                 10.3 
                 6.9 
                 16 
                 5000 
                 12.11 
                 326 
               
               
                   
                 10.5 
                 6.8 
                 16 
                 5000 
                 12.05 
                 326 
               
               
                   
                 10.7 
                 6.8 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 12.20 
                 330 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 FEED 
                   
                   
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 Current 
                 C1(OUT) 
                 C2(OUT) 
                 Feed 
                 Product 
               
               
                 FCE 
                 FEED 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 A-2 
                 Flow 
                 Flow 
                 Silica 
                 Silica 
               
               
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 Mohms · cm 
                 ADC 
                 LPH 
                 LPH 
                 Ppb 
                 ppb 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 9.1 
                 7.2 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 13.91 
                 3.00 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 9.2 
                 6.7 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 13.90 
                 2.98 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 9.3 
                 6.7 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 13.93 
                 3.00 
                 200 
                 200 
                 79 
                 11 
               
               
                 9.4 
                 7.0 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 12.70 
                 2.99 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 9.5 
                 6.9 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 12.48 
                 2.99 
                 200 
                 200 
                 83 
                 10 
               
               
                 9.6 
                 6.8 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 12.35 
                 2.99 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 9.8 
                 6.6 
                 16 
                 5000 
                 12.97 
                 3.00 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 9.9 
                 6.7 
                 16 
                 5000 
                 12.49 
                 3.00 
                 200 
                 200 
                 84 
                 9 
               
               
                 9.9 
                 6.9 
                 16 
                 5000 
                 12.35 
                 2.99 
                 200 
                 200 
                 98 
                 11 
               
               
                 10.1 
                 6.7 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 11.80 
                 3.00 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 10.2 
                 6.8 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 12.22 
                 2.99 
                 200 
                 200 
                 81 
                 9 
               
               
                 10.3 
                 6.9 
                 16 
                 5000 
                 12.11 
                 2.99 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 10.5 
                 6.8 
                 16 
                 5000 
                 12.05 
                 2.99 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 10.7 
                 6.8 
                 18 
                 5000 
                 12.20 
                 2.98 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Stack Quality with 6.0 m3/hr (6000 LPH) Product Flow Rate 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 FEED 
                   
                   
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 Voltage 
                 Current 
               
               
                 FCE 
                 FEED 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 section-1 
                 section-1 
               
               
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 Mohms · cm 
                 Vdc 
                 Amps 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 0.9 
                 5.9 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 17.56 
                 270 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 1.2 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 17.45 
                 257 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 1.3 
                 6.6 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.20 
                 257 
                 2.03 
               
               
                 1.4 
                 6.4 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 17.20 
                 281 
                 2.05 
               
               
                 1.5 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.15 
                 258 
                 2.03 
               
               
                 1.6 
                 6.4 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 16.67 
                 266 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 1.7 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.10 
                 263 
                 2.00 
               
               
                 1.7 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.36 
                 258 
                 2.04 
               
               
                 1.7 
                 6.1 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 16.75 
                 266 
                 2.02 
               
               
                 1.8 
                 6.3 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 16.34 
                 266 
                 2.02 
               
               
                 1.9 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.33 
                 260 
                 2.04 
               
               
                 2.0 
                 6.2 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 16.47 
                 265 
                 2.07 
               
               
                 2.1 
                 6.8 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.95 
                 258 
                 2.03 
               
               
                 2.2 
                 6.3 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 16.46 
                 271 
                 2.07 
               
               
                 2.8 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.09 
                 256 
                 2.03 
               
               
                 3.6 
                 6.1 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.02 
                 315 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 3.6 
                 6.1 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.92 
                 334 
                 2.03 
               
               
                 3.7 
                 6.0 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.92 
                 337 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 3.8 
                 6.3 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 15.93 
                 301 
                 2.04 
               
               
                 3.8 
                 6.2 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.94 
                 348 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 3.8 
                 6.2 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 17.09 
                 327 
                 1.98 
               
               
                 3.9 
                 6.3 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.69 
                 327 
                 2.00 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.2 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.02 
                 307 
                 2.02 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.52 
                 319 
                 1.99 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.68 
                 326 
                 1.99 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.78 
                 320 
                 1.99 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.4 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.89 
                 334 
                 2.00 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.3 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.89 
                 318 
                 2.03 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.9 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.20 
                 340 
                 2.02 
               
               
                 4.1 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.72 
                 320 
                 1.99 
               
               
                 4.2 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.42 
                 312 
                 2.00 
               
               
                 4.3 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.69 
                 320 
                 1.99 
               
               
                 4.4 
                 6.5 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.34 
                 323 
                 2.05 
               
               
                 4.5 
                 6.5 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.42 
                 330 
                 2.02 
               
               
                 4.6 
                 6.5 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.86 
                 349 
                 2.02 
               
               
                 4.7 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.51 
                 333 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 4.8 
                 6.2 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 15.59 
                 289 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 4.9 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 15.88 
                 334 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 5.0 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.83 
                 325 
                 2.03 
               
               
                 5.0 
                 6.3 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.05 
                 321 
                 2.02 
               
               
                 5.0 
                 6.5 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.36 
                 338 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 5.0 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 15.90 
                 332 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 5.0 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.19 
                 333 
                 2.02 
               
               
                 5.1 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.09 
                 323 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 5.1 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.06 
                 325 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 5.1 
                 6.3 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.29 
                 332 
                 2.01 
               
               
                 5.2 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 15.78 
                 334 
                 2.03 
               
               
                 5.3 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 14.35 
                 283 
                 2.50 
               
               
                 5.4 
                 6.8 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 14.55 
                 283 
                 2.51 
               
               
                 5.4 
                 6.8 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 14.38 
                 286 
                 2.50 
               
               
                 5.6 
                 6.7 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 14.54 
                 282 
                 2.52 
               
               
                 5.8 
                 6.9 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 14.92 
                 280 
                 2.50 
               
               
                 5.9 
                 6.3 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 15.74 
                 366 
                 2.50 
               
               
                 6.0 
                 6.3 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 15.75 
                 358 
                 2.53 
               
               
                 6.0 
                 6.6 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 15.57 
                 361 
                 2.51 
               
               
                 6.4 
                 7.6 
                 29 
                 6000 
                 16.94 
                 366 
                 2.52 
               
               
                 6.9 
                 7.0 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 15.86 
                 358 
                 2.51 
               
               
                 7.0 
                 7.0 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.50 
                 371 
                 2.51 
               
               
                 8.0 
                 7.0 
                 30 
                 6000 
                 16.18 
                 370 
                 2.51 
               
               
                 8.4 
                 7.5 
                 29 
                 6000 
                 16.38 
                 370 
                 2.53 
               
               
                 8.5 
                 7.7 
                 30 
                 6000 
                 15.82 
                 364 
                 2.53 
               
               
                 8.9 
                 6.8 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 11.25 
                 324 
                 2.98 
               
               
                 9.0 
                 7.3 
                 30 
                 6000 
                 11.10 
                 368 
                 2.52 
               
               
                 9.1 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 11.50 
                 329 
                 2.98 
               
               
                 9.2 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 11.35 
                 328 
                 3.00 
               
               
                 9.6 
                 6.7 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 11.09 
                 334 
                 3.00 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 FEED 
                   
                   
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 Voltage 
                 Current 
                 C1(OUT) 
                 C2(OUT) 
                 FEED 
                 Product 
               
               
                 FCE 
                 FEED 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 section-2 
                 section-2 
                 Flow 
                 flow 
                 Silica 
                 Silica 
               
               
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 Mohms · cm 
                 Vdc 
                 amps 
                 LPH 
                 LPH 
                 ppb 
                 ppb 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 0.9 
                 5.9 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 17.56 
                 278 
                 2.03 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 1.2 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 17.45 
                 260 
                 2.00 
                 200 
                 200 
                 44 
                 9 
               
               
                 1.3 
                 6.6 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.20 
                 260 
                 2.03 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 1.4 
                 6.4 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 17.20 
                 283 
                 2.03 
                 200 
                 200 
                 37 
                 8 
               
               
                 1.5 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.15 
                 259 
                 2.02 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 1.6 
                 6.4 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 16.67 
                 270 
                 2.02 
                 200 
                 200 
                 180 
                 12 
               
               
                 1.7 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.10 
                 265 
                 2.02 
                 200 
                 200 
                 38 
                 10 
               
               
                 1.7 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.36 
                 260 
                 2.03 
                 200 
                 200 
                 36 
                 5 
               
               
                 1.7 
                 6.1 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 16.75 
                 263 
                 2.01 
                 200 
                 200 
                 76 
                 11 
               
               
                 1.8 
                 6.3 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 16.34 
                 263 
                 2.01 
                 200 
                 200 
                 160 
                 15 
               
               
                 1.9 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.33 
                 260 
                 2.03 
                 200 
                 200 
                 38 
                 10 
               
               
                 2.0 
                 6.2 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 16.47 
                 261 
                 2.02 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 2.1 
                 6.8 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.95 
                 259 
                 2.04 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 2.2 
                 6.3 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 16.46 
                 267 
                 2.01 
                 200 
                 200 
                 57 
                 9 
               
               
                 2.8 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 17.09 
                 258 
                 2.03 
                 200 
                 200 
                 34 
                 7 
               
               
                 3.6 
                 6.1 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.02 
                 359 
                 2.02 
                 250 
                 250 
               
               
                 3.6 
                 6.1 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.92 
                 369 
                 2.02 
                 250 
                 250 
                 35 
                 9 
               
               
                 3.7 
                 6.0 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.92 
                 373 
                 2.03 
                 250 
                 250 
                 27 
                 8 
               
               
                 3.8 
                 6.3 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 15.93 
                 346 
                 2.04 
                 250 
                 250 
                 34 
                 8 
               
               
                 3.8 
                 6.2 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.94 
                 379 
                 2.00 
                 250 
                 250 
                 30 
                 8 
               
               
                 3.8 
                 6.2 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 17.09 
                 362 
                 1.99 
                 250 
                 250 
                 37 
                 9 
               
               
                 3.9 
                 6.3 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.69 
                 365 
                 2.00 
                 250 
                 250 
                 47 
                 9 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.2 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.02 
                 350 
                 2.03 
                 250 
                 250 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.52 
                 359 
                 2.00 
                 250 
                 250 
                 41 
                 9 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.68 
                 366 
                 1.98 
                 250 
                 250 
                 29 
                 8 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.78 
                 358 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
                 33 
                 10 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.4 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.89 
                 370 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
                 40 
                 8 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.3 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.89 
                 337 
                 2.02 
                 250 
                 250 
                 54 
                 14 
               
               
                 4.0 
                 6.9 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.20 
                 365 
                 2.05 
                 250 
                 250 
                 60 
                 11 
               
               
                 4.1 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.72 
                 359 
                 2.00 
                 250 
                 250 
               
               
                 4.2 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.42 
                 352 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
               
               
                 4.3 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 6000 
                 16.69 
                 358 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
               
               
                 4.4 
                 6.5 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.34 
                 346 
                 2.03 
                 250 
                 250 
                 101 
                 13 
               
               
                 4.5 
                 6.5 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.42 
                 356 
                 2.02 
                 250 
                 250 
               
               
                 4.6 
                 6.5 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 16.86 
                 378 
                 2.02 
                 250 
                 250 
                 108 
                 13 
               
               
                 4.7 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.51 
                 357 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
               
               
                 4.8 
                 6.2 
                 25 
                 6000 
                 15.59 
                 290 
                 2.00 
                 200 
                 200 
                 43 
                 8 
               
               
                 4.9 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 15.88 
                 358 
                 2.0 
                 250 
                 250 
                 69 
                 13 
               
               
                 5.0 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.83 
                 350 
                 2.02 
                 250 
                 250 
                 44 
                 10 
               
               
                 5.0 
                 6.3 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.05 
                 345 
                 2.02 
                 250 
                 250 
                 75 
                 12 
               
               
                 5.0 
                 6.5 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.36 
                 360 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
                 79 
                 14 
               
               
                 5.0 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 15.90 
                 357 
                 2.03 
                 250 
                 250 
                 65 
                 13 
               
               
                 5.0 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.19 
                 354 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
                 66 
                 14 
               
               
                 5.1 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.09 
                 347 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
                 71 
                 13 
               
               
                 5.1 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.06 
                 349 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
                 61 
                 13 
               
               
                 5.1 
                 6.3 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.29 
                 357 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
                 49 
                 12 
               
               
                 5.2 
                 6.4 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 15.78 
                 355 
                 2.02 
                 250 
                 250 
                 66 
                 13 
               
               
                 5.3 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 14.35 
                 286 
                 2.50 
                 150 
                 150 
                 46 
                 11 
               
               
                 5.4 
                 6.8 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 14.55 
                 288 
                 2.52 
                 150 
                 150 
                 65 
                 11 
               
               
                 5.4 
                 6.8 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 14.38 
                 289 
                 2.50 
                 150 
                 150 
                 75 
                 11 
               
               
                 5.6 
                 6.7 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 14.54 
                 287 
                 2.51 
                 150 
                 150 
               
               
                 5.8 
                 6.9 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 14.92 
                 283 
                 2.50 
                 150 
                 150 
                 71 
                 12 
               
               
                 5.9 
                 6.3 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 15.74 
                 386 
                 2.52 
                 250 
                 250 
                 76 
                 14 
               
               
                 6.0 
                 6.3 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 15.75 
                 387 
                 2.59 
                 250 
                 250 
               
               
                 6.0 
                 6.6 
                 27 
                 6000 
                 15.57 
                 386 
                 2.55 
                 250 
                 250 
                 54 
                 11 
               
               
                 6.4 
                 7.6 
                 29 
                 6000 
                 16.94 
                 384 
                 2.52 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 6.9 
                 7.0 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 15.86 
                 358 
                 2.58 
                 250 
                 250 
                 79 
                 13 
               
               
                 7.0 
                 7.0 
                 28 
                 6000 
                 16.50 
                 387 
                 2.51 
                 250 
                 250 
               
               
                 8.0 
                 7.0 
                 30 
                 6000 
                 16.18 
                 383 
                 2.52 
                 200 
                 200 
                 51 
                 12 
               
               
                 8.4 
                 7.5 
                 29 
                 6000 
                 16.38 
                 384 
                 2.53 
                 200 
                 200 
                 96 
                 11 
               
               
                 8.5 
                 7.7 
                 30 
                 6000 
                 15.82 
                 377 
                 2.51 
                 200 
                 200 
                 84 
                 11 
               
               
                 8.9 
                 6.8 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 11.25 
                 331 
                 2.99 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 9.0 
                 7.3 
                 30 
                 6000 
                 11.10 
                 381 
                 2.50 
                 200 
                 200 
                 61 
                 13 
               
               
                 9.1 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 11.50 
                 329 
                 3.00 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                 9.2 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 11.35 
                 328 
                 3.00 
                 200 
                 200 
                 96 
                 9 
               
               
                 9.6 
                 6.7 
                 24 
                 6000 
                 11.09 
                 338 
                 3.00 
                 200 
                 200 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
                                                                                                 TABLE 4               Stack Quality with 7.0 m3/hr (7000 LPH) Product Flow Rate                                FEED           Product   Product   Voltage   Current       FCE   FEED   ΔP   Flow   Resistivity   Section-1   Section-1       μS/cm   pH   psi   LPH   Mohms · cm   vdc   amps               1.6   7.4   37   7000   17.57   326   1.98       1.7   7.5   37   7000   17.50   360   2.51       1.9   7.2   37   7000   17.52   357   2.58       2.0   7.4   37   7000   17.91   359   2.52       3.5   7.0   35   7000   15.43   375   2.54       5.9   7.7   35   7000   14.56   360   2.66       6.0   7.8   35   7000   15.80   375   2.81       6.1   7.6   35   7000   15.18   360   2.76       6.2   7.5   35   7000   15.13   375   2.93       6.3   6.7   35   7000   15.40   375   2.70       6.3   7.3   35   7000   15.14   360   2.69       6.4   7.3   35   7000   15.86   375   2.93       6.4   7.5   35   7000   14.98   360   2.70       6.9   7.7   35   7000   15.12   360   2.76       7.8   8.2   37   7000   13.75   326   2.07       8.5   6.8   37   7000   14.05   328   2.97       8.7   6.7   37   7000   14.30   322   3.00       8.9   6.9   37   7000   11.30   326   2.98       9.6   6.2   37   7000   13.90   330   2.98       9.8   6.7   35   7000   13.91   334   2.98       10.0   6.6   35   7000   13.80   328   2.97       10.1   6.9   35   7000   13.87   335   2.98       10.1   6.6   35   7000   13.43   329   2.97       10.4   6.6   37   7000   13.98   328   2.99       10.5   6.9   35   7000   14.90   328   3.00       10.9   6.9   35   7000   13.42   317   3.00       11.1   6.9   35   7000   13.71   310   3.00       11.8   6.7   35   7000   13.28   311   3.00                    FEED           Product   Product   Voltage   Current   C1(OUT)   C2(OUT)   Feed   Product       FCE   FEED   ΔP   Flow   Resistivity   Section-2   Section-2   flow   flow   Silica   Silica       μS/cm   pH   psi   LPH   Mohms · cm   vdc   amps   LPH   LPH   ppb   ppb               1.6   7.4   37   7000   17.57   326   1.82   200   200   31   12       1.7   7.5   37   7000   17.50   380   2.51   200   200   26   7       1.9   7.2   37   7000   17.52   370   2.52   200   200       2.0   7.4   37   7000   17.91   372   2.45   200   200       3.5   7.0   35   7000   15.43   375   2.37   200   200       5.9   7.7   35   7000   14.56   360   2.43   200   200   50   14       6.0   7.8   35   7000   15.80   375   2.5   200   200   55   10       6.1   7.6   35   7000   15.18   360   2.49   200   200   73   12       6.2   7.5   35   7000   15.13   375   2.6   200   200   50   12       6.3   6.7   35   7000   15.40   375   2.48   200   200   45   12       6.3   7.3   35   7000   15.14   360   2.44   200   200   70   11       6.4   7.3   35   7000   15.86   375   2.6   200   200   50   12       6.4   7.5   35   7000   14.98   360   2.47   200   200   52   14       6.9   7.7   35   7000   15.12   360   2.51   200   200   54   15       7.8   8.2   37   7000   13.75   326   1.88   200   200   50   12       8.5   6.8   37   7000   14.05   327   2.98   200   200   59   12       8.7   6.7   37   7000   14.30   328   3.00   200   200   61   8       8.9   6.9   37   7000   11.30   326   3.00   200   200   82   10       9.6   6.2   37   7000   13.90   329   2.98   200   200   47   13       9.8   6.7   35   7000   13.91   340   2.99   200   200   82   8       10.0   6.6   35   7000   13.80   331   2.98   200   200   34   12       10.1   6.9   35   7000   13.87   335   2.96   200   200   50   12       10.1   6.6   35   7000   13.43   334   3.00   200   200   61   11       10.4   6.6   37   7000   13.98   331   2.99   200   200   36   10       10.5   6.9   35   7000   14.90   326   2.96   200   200   30   8       10.9   6.9   35   7000   13.42   307   3.00   200   200   72   13       11.1   6.9   35   7000   13.71   291   3.00   200   200   48   14       11.8   6.7   35   7000   13.28   301   3.00   200   200                    
Product Quality Performance:
 
     The new Split Flow EDI apparatus of example-2 was operated for 742 hours with product flow rate of 5.0 m3/hr to 7.0 m3/hr with 2 nd  pass RO permeate water having feed FCE load from 1.0 μS/cm to 10.0 μS/cm. The product resistivity of the apparatus remains above 10 MOhms/c·cm (between 11 MOhms·cm to 17.5 Mohsm·cm) which represent graph 1 ( FIG. 9 ). 
     Example-3 
     Another New Split Flow EDI apparatus with new design components was assembled first with 30-cell pairs and tested for 587 hours in 5.0 m3/hr to 7.0 m3/hr product flow rate and then 5 more cell pair added to the apparatus to make it 35-cell pair apparatus and continue the testing up to 857 hours with product flow rate of 6.0 m3/hr to 10.0 m3/hr with 2 nd  pass RO permeate water having less than 10 μS/cm FCE load. 
     The EDI apparatus configuration of example-3 is
         Dilute chambers—30-35 nos with resin media   Concentrate chambers—31-36 nos with conducting mesh.   Electrode chambers—O 2  nos.   End plates—O 2  number   Electrode: anode—Titanium and Cathode—SS-316   Membrane: Heterogeneous Ion exchange membranes   Effective Membrane area of dilute chamber—4.32 m2 (30-cell pair) to 5.04 m2 (35 cell pair)       

     The EDI apparatus has been tested for following product flow rate
         D—Product flow rate*=5.0 m3/hr (5000 LPH) to 7.0 m3/hr (7000 LPH) (table-5)   E—Product Flow rate*=6.0 m3/hr (6000 LPH) to 10.0 m3/hr (10000 LPH) (table-6)
 
Note: * Product Flow Rate=(Product-1 flow+product-2 flow)
       

     The EDI apparatus product quality in above product flow conditions is always more than 10 MOhms·cm (generally 10 MOhms/cm to 17.5 MOhms·cm). The applied current is maintained in between 2.0 amps and 3.0 amps in each section (section-1 &amp; 2). The product silica quality is always less 10 ppb from feed silica of 20 ppb to 50 ppb. 
     The EDI apparatus data of above conditions are summarized in table-5 and table-6. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (EDI Apparatus data with 30-cell pair; Quality with 5.0 m3/hr to 7.0 m3/hr Product flow rate) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Stack 
                 Feed 
                   
                   
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 Voltage 
                 Current 
               
               
                   
                 Op. 
                 FCE 
                 Feed 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 Section-1 
                 Section-1 
               
               
                   
                 Hrs. 
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 Mohms · cm 
                 Vdc 
                 Amps 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                  11 
                 2.9 
                 6.8 
                 8 
                 6000 
                 15.36 
                 223 
                 2.00 
               
               
                   
                  20 
                 3.1 
                 7.5 
                 8 
                 6000 
                 16.67 
                 227 
                 2.01 
               
               
                   
                  30 
                 5.6 
                 7.5 
                 8 
                 6000 
                 15.90 
                 225 
                 2.01 
               
               
                   
                  40 
                 5.2 
                 7.5 
                 9 
                 6000 
                 15.10 
                 238 
                 2.02 
               
               
                   
                  50 
                 4.6 
                 7.4 
                 9 
                 6000 
                 14.57 
                 248 
                 2.01 
               
               
                   
                  60 
                 4.4 
                 7.5 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 15.10 
                 265 
                 2.01 
               
               
                   
                  70 
                 1.5 
                 6.9 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 16.94 
                 272 
                 2.01 
               
               
                   
                  80 
                 1.6 
                 6.9 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 17.13 
                 261 
                 2.00 
               
               
                   
                  90 
                 7.0 
                 7.4 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 16.41 
                 235 
                 2.01 
               
               
                   
                 100 
                 7.3 
                 7.6 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 13.10 
                 274 
                 2.50 
               
               
                   
                 110 
                 7.6 
                 7.6 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 12.92 
                 280 
                 2.53 
               
               
                   
                 120 
                 7.0 
                 7.5 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 12.58 
                 284 
                 2.52 
               
               
                   
                 130 
                 7.6 
                 7.5 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 12.22 
                 280 
                 2.49 
               
               
                   
                 140 
                 7.7 
                 7.1 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 11.78 
                 284 
                 2.50 
               
               
                   
                 150 
                 6.6 
                 7.0 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 11.44 
                 298 
                 2.54 
               
               
                   
                 160 
                 6.5 
                 7.2 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 10.70 
                 251 
                 2.72 
               
               
                   
                 170 
                 7.7 
                 7.1 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 10.60 
                 257 
                 2.77 
               
               
                   
                 180 
                 8.3 
                 6.9 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 10.76 
                 255 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 190 
                 7.1 
                 7.2 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 10.53 
                 265 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 200 
                 7.1 
                 7.0 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 10.98 
                 270 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 210 
                 7.8 
                 7.2 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 11.61 
                 268 
                 2.74 
               
               
                   
                 220 
                 7.4 
                 7.2 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 13.21 
                 275 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 230 
                 7.8 
                 7.1 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 13.23 
                 272 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 240 
                 7.2 
                 7.3 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 13.48 
                 284 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 250 
                 7.6 
                 7.2 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 13.25 
                 287 
                 2.78 
               
               
                   
                 260 
                 7.4 
                 7.2 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 15.22 
                 282 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 270 
                 7.2 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 14.98 
                 282 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 280 
                 7.4 
                 7.2 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 15.81 
                 285 
                 2.77 
               
               
                   
                 290 
                 7.6 
                 7.3 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.36 
                 279 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 300 
                 7.8 
                 7.5 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.12 
                 283 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 310 
                 7.4 
                 6.8 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 15.45 
                 293 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 320 
                 7.2 
                 6.6 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 15.48 
                 303 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 330 
                 7.5 
                 7.1 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.08 
                 292 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 340 
                 7.5 
                 7.6 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.18 
                 296 
                 2.73 
               
               
                   
                 350 
                 7.2 
                 7.1 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.39 
                 289 
                 2.74 
               
               
                   
                 360 
                 7.9 
                 7.5 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.48 
                 286 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 370 
                 7.9 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.10 
                 291 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 380 
                 7.8 
                 6.9 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.39 
                 308 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 390 
                 6.9 
                 6.6 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.17 
                 303 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 400 
                 2.6 
                 6.5 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 15.97 
                 310 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 410 
                 4.8 
                 7.5 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.91 
                 294 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 420 
                 2.2 
                 7.3 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.11 
                 284 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 430 
                 2.2 
                 7.0 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.99 
                 291 
                 2.76 
               
               
                   
                 440 
                 2.8 
                 7.1 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.27 
                 289 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 450 
                 2.4 
                 6.3 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.96 
                 288 
                 2.76 
               
               
                   
                 460 
                 2.5 
                 7.3 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.19 
                 291 
                 2.74 
               
               
                   
                 470 
                 1.9 
                 7.2 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.19 
                 296 
                 2.74 
               
               
                   
                 480 
                 2.3 
                 6.8 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.90 
                 296 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 490 
                 2.1 
                 7.2 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.67 
                 306 
                 2.72 
               
               
                   
                 500 
                 2.8 
                 7.3 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.21 
                 303 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 510 
                 2.5 
                 6.8 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.30 
                 308 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 520 
                 2.2 
                 7.0 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.36 
                 318 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 530 
                 4.9 
                 7.4 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.10 
                 312 
                 2.74 
               
               
                   
                 540 
                 5.4 
                 7.3 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.58 
                 316 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 550 
                 5.1 
                 7.2 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.33 
                 322 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 560 
                 5.2 
                 7.2 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.33 
                 323 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 570 
                 5.2 
                 7.1 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 15.60 
                 325 
                 2.73 
               
               
                   
                 580 
                 5.8 
                 7.5 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 15.71 
                 318 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                 587 
                 5.1 
                 7.2 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 15.37 
                 318 
                 2.75 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Stack 
                 Feed 
                   
                   
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 Voltage 
                 Current 
                 C1(OUT) 
                 C2(OUT) 
                 ER 
                 Feed 
                 Product 
               
               
                 Op. 
                 FCE 
                 Feed 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 Section-2 
                 Section-2 
                 Flow 
                 Flow 
                 Flow 
                 Silica 
                 Silica 
               
               
                 Hrs. 
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 Mohms · cm 
                 Vdc 
                 Amps 
                 LPH 
                 LPH 
                 LPH 
                 ppb 
                 ppb 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 11 
                 2.9 
                 6.8 
                 8 
                 6000 
                 15.36 
                 237 
                 2.01 
                 200 
                 200 
                 100 
                 39 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 20 
                 3.1 
                 7.5 
                 8 
                 6000 
                 16.67 
                 247 
                 2.01 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 34 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 30 
                 5.6 
                 7.5 
                 8 
                 6000 
                 15.90 
                 245 
                 2.01 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 34 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 40 
                 5.2 
                 7.5 
                 9 
                 6000 
                 15.10 
                 255 
                 2.01 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 34 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 50 
                 4.6 
                 7.4 
                 9 
                 6000 
                 14.57 
                 272 
                 2.00 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 34 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 60 
                 4.4 
                 7.5 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 15.10 
                 293 
                 2.01 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 32 
                 8.0 
               
               
                 70 
                 1.5 
                 6.9 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 16.94 
                 355 
                 2.01 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 28 
                 9.0 
               
               
                 80 
                 1.6 
                 6.9 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 17.13 
                 358 
                 1.99 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 32 
                 8.0 
               
               
                 90 
                 7.0 
                 7.4 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 16.41 
                 270 
                 2.01 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 27 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 100 
                 7.3 
                 7.6 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 13.10 
                 313 
                 2.50 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 39 
                 7.0 
               
               
                 110 
                 7.6 
                 7.6 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 12.92 
                 335 
                 2.54 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 44 
                 9.0 
               
               
                 120 
                 7.0 
                 7.5 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 12.58 
                 334 
                 2.50 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 44 
                 9.0 
               
               
                 130 
                 7.6 
                 7.5 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 12.22 
                 336 
                 2.47 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 38 
                 8.0 
               
               
                 140 
                 7.7 
                 7.1 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 11.78 
                 360 
                 2.52 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 38 
                 8.0 
               
               
                 150 
                 6.6 
                 7.0 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 11.44 
                 353 
                 2.56 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 38 
                 9.0 
               
               
                 160 
                 6.5 
                 7.2 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 10.70 
                 249 
                 2.76 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 38 
                 9.0 
               
               
                 170 
                 7.7 
                 7.1 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 10.60 
                 247 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 36 
                 7.0 
               
               
                 180 
                 8.3 
                 6.9 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 10.76 
                 255 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 40 
                 8.0 
               
               
                 190 
                 7.1 
                 7.2 
                 10 
                 6000 
                 10.53 
                 264 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 40 
                 8.0 
               
               
                 200 
                 7.1 
                 7.0 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 10.98 
                 264 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 32 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 210 
                 7.8 
                 7.2 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 11.61 
                 264 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 38 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 220 
                 7.4 
                 7.2 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 13.21 
                 271 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 38 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 230 
                 7.8 
                 7.1 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 13.23 
                 270 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 38 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 240 
                 7.2 
                 7.3 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 13.48 
                 276 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 42 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 250 
                 7.6 
                 7.2 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 13.25 
                 277 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 42 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 260 
                 7.4 
                 7.2 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 15.22 
                 276 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 36 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 270 
                 7.2 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 14.98 
                 273 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 24 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 280 
                 7.4 
                 7.2 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 15.81 
                 274 
                 2.73 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 24 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 290 
                 7.6 
                 7.3 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.36 
                 270 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 24 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 300 
                 7.8 
                 7.5 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.12 
                 275 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 24 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 310 
                 7.4 
                 6.8 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 15.45 
                 286 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 24 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 320 
                 7.2 
                 6.6 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 15.48 
                 294 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 24 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 330 
                 7.5 
                 7.1 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.08 
                 286 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 36 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 340 
                 7.5 
                 7.6 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.18 
                 287 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 36 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 350 
                 7.2 
                 7.1 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.39 
                 281 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 29 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 360 
                 7.9 
                 7.5 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.48 
                 277 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 38 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 370 
                 7.9 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.10 
                 277 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 38 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 380 
                 7.8 
                 6.9 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.39 
                 294 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
               
               
                 390 
                 6.9 
                 6.6 
                 7 
                 5000 
                 16.17 
                 293 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 49.6 
                 3.4 
               
               
                 400 
                 2.6 
                 6.5 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 15.97 
                 301 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 59.7 
                 6.6 
               
               
                 410 
                 4.8 
                 7.5 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.91 
                 284 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 28.1 
                 4.1 
               
               
                 420 
                 2.2 
                 7.3 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.11 
                 274 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 19.3 
                 4.1 
               
               
                 430 
                 2.2 
                 7.0 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.99 
                 271 
                 2.77 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 19.3 
                 4.1 
               
               
                 440 
                 2.8 
                 7.1 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.27 
                 275 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 30.1 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 450 
                 2.4 
                 6.3 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.96 
                 273 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 15.1 
                 3.4 
               
               
                 460 
                 2.5 
                 7.3 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.19 
                 276 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 25.4 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 470 
                 1.9 
                 7.2 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.19 
                 280 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 15.1 
                 3.4 
               
               
                 480 
                 2.3 
                 6.8 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.90 
                 276 
                 2.76 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 19.9 
                 2.6 
               
               
                 490 
                 2.1 
                 7.2 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.67 
                 291 
                 2.72 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 26.7 
                 3.9 
               
               
                 500 
                 2.8 
                 7.3 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.21 
                 287 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 28.8 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 510 
                 2.5 
                 6.8 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.30 
                 290 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 56.0 
                 5.4 
               
               
                 520 
                 2.2 
                 7.0 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.36 
                 294 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 32.0 
                 3.5 
               
               
                 530 
                 4.9 
                 7.4 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 17.10 
                 294 
                 2.74 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 32.0 
                 3.5 
               
               
                 540 
                 5.4 
                 7.3 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.58 
                 299 
                 2.76 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 30.0 
                 5.3 
               
               
                 550 
                 5.1 
                 7.2 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.33 
                 305 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 56.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 560 
                 5.2 
                 7.2 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 16.33 
                 309 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 56.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 570 
                 5.2 
                 7.1 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 15.60 
                 309 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 32.0 
                 3.5 
               
               
                 580 
                 5.8 
                 7.5 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 15.71 
                 306 
                 2.75 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 32.0 
                 3.5 
               
               
                 587 
                 5.1 
                 7.2 
                 12 
                 7000 
                 15.37 
                 300 
                 2.77 
                 200 
                 200 
                 80 
                 28.2 
                 5.4 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (EDI Apparatus Data with 35-cell pair; Product flow rate = 6.0 m3/hr to 10.0 m3/hr) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Stack 
                 Feed 
                   
                   
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 Voltage 
                 Current 
               
               
                   
                 Op. 
                 FCE 
                 Feed 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 Section-1 
                 Section-1 
               
               
                   
                 Hrs. 
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 Mohms · cm 
                 Vdc 
                 Amps 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 600 
                 2.6 
                 6.3 
                 13 
                 6000 
                 14.22 
                 363 
                 2.53 
               
               
                   
                 610 
                 6.9 
                 7.0 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 16.67 
                 339 
                 2.52 
               
               
                   
                 620 
                 4.9 
                 7.3 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 17.29 
                 340 
                 2.53 
               
               
                   
                 630 
                 4.9 
                 7.3 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 17.37 
                 344 
                 2.54 
               
               
                   
                 640 
                 4.5 
                 7.0 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 17.37 
                 346 
                 2.55 
               
               
                   
                 651 
                 5.7 
                 7.0 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 17.04 
                 337 
                 2.56 
               
               
                   
                 660 
                 5.9 
                 7.3 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 16.86 
                 346 
                 2.55 
               
               
                   
                 670 
                 6.4 
                 7.1 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 16.63 
                 349 
                 2.52 
               
               
                   
                 680 
                 7.0 
                 7.6 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 16.50 
                 353 
                 2.53 
               
               
                   
                 690 
                 7.2 
                 7.3 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 16.44 
                 365 
                 2.54 
               
               
                   
                 700 
                 6.8 
                 7.3 
                 16 
                 9000 
                 16.54 
                 369 
                 2.52 
               
               
                   
                 710 
                 6.9 
                 7.5 
                 17 
                 9000 
                 16.52 
                 370 
                 2.53 
               
               
                   
                 720 
                 6.2 
                 7.3 
                 17 
                 9000 
                 17.72 
                 365 
                 2.52 
               
               
                   
                 730 
                 6.7 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 6000 
                 16.32 
                 380 
                 2.53 
               
               
                   
                 740 
                 6.9 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 6000 
                 16.00 
                 380 
                 2.52 
               
               
                   
                 750 
                 6.7 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 6000 
                 16.65 
                 343 
                 2.02 
               
               
                   
                 760 
                 6.8 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 6000 
                 16.10 
                 348 
                 2.01 
               
               
                   
                 770 
                 6.5 
                 7.3 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 15.86 
                 343 
                 2.02 
               
               
                   
                 780 
                 6.7 
                 7.1 
                 18 
                 10000 
                 13.10 
                 335 
                 2.02 
               
               
                   
                 790 
                 6.8 
                 7.3 
                 18 
                 10000 
                 12.54 
                 430 
                 2.54 
               
               
                   
                 800 
                 6.3 
                 7.1 
                 18 
                 10000 
                 13.25 
                 412 
                 2.52 
               
               
                   
                 810 
                 6.3 
                 7.2 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 13.30 
                 405 
                 2.52 
               
               
                   
                 820 
                 6.6 
                 7.4 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 13.39 
                 416 
                 2.53 
               
               
                   
                 830 
                 5.1 
                 7.3 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 14.32 
                 409 
                 2.54 
               
               
                   
                 840 
                 5.6 
                 7.3 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 13.11 
                 408 
                 2.53 
               
               
                   
                 850 
                 5.6 
                 7.6 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 14.52 
                 409 
                 2.53 
               
               
                   
                 857 
                 5.5 
                 7.3 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 13.87 
                 400 
                 2.52 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Stack 
                 Feed 
                   
                   
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 Voltage 
                 Current 
                 C1(OUT) 
                 C2(OUT) 
                 ER 
                 Feed 
                 Product 
               
               
                 Op. 
                 FCE 
                 Feed 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 Section-2 
                 Section-2 
                 Flow 
                 Flow 
                 Flow 
                 Silica 
                 Silica 
               
               
                 Hrs. 
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 Mohms · cm 
                 Vdc 
                 Amps 
                 LPH 
                 LPH 
                 LPH 
                 ppb 
                 ppb 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 600 
                 2.6 
                 6.3 
                 13 
                 6000 
                 14.22 
                 368 
                 2.57 
                 230 
                 230 
                 80 
                 28.8 
                 6.1 
               
               
                 610 
                 6.9 
                 7.0 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 16.67 
                 352 
                 2.56 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 38.5 
                 4.7 
               
               
                 620 
                 4.9 
                 7.3 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 17.29 
                 377 
                 2.54 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 38.5 
                 4.7 
               
               
                 630 
                 4.9 
                 7.3 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 17.37 
                 409 
                 2.53 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 28.2 
                 5.4 
               
               
                 640 
                 4.5 
                 7.0 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 17.37 
                 427 
                 2.54 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 32.0 
                 3.5 
               
               
                 651 
                 5.7 
                 7.0 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 17.04 
                 402 
                 2.56 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 38.5 
                 4.7 
               
               
                 660 
                 5.9 
                 7.3 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 16.86 
                 428 
                 2.52 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 37.2 
                 4.8 
               
               
                 670 
                 6.4 
                 7.1 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 16.63 
                 418 
                 2.53 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 38.3 
                 3.3 
               
               
                 680 
                 7.0 
                 7.6 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 16.50 
                 408 
                 2.53 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 36.5 
                 6.1 
               
               
                 690 
                 7.2 
                 7.3 
                 13 
                 8000 
                 16.44 
                 422 
                 2.51 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 36.4 
                 6.1 
               
               
                 700 
                 6.8 
                 7.3 
                 16 
                 9000 
                 16.54 
                 433 
                 2.53 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 36.4 
                 6.1 
               
               
                 710 
                 6.9 
                 7.5 
                 17 
                 9000 
                 16.52 
                 445 
                 2.54 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 37.1 
                 6.7 
               
               
                 720 
                 6.2 
                 7.3 
                 17 
                 9000 
                 17.72 
                 438 
                 2.55 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 36.4 
                 6.1 
               
               
                 730 
                 6.7 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 6000 
                 16.32 
                 467 
                 2.54 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 37.1 
                 6.7 
               
               
                 740 
                 6.9 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 6000 
                 16.00 
                 432 
                 2.50 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 30.8 
                 4.6 
               
               
                 750 
                 6.7 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 6000 
                 16.65 
                 402 
                 2.02 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 30.9 
                 6.0 
               
               
                 760 
                 6.8 
                 7.4 
                 7 
                 6000 
                 16.10 
                 404 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 17.2 
                 2.6 
               
               
                 770 
                 6.5 
                 7.3 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 15.86 
                 394 
                 2.01 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
               
               
                 780 
                 6.7 
                 7.1 
                 18 
                 10000 
                 13.10 
                 380 
                 2.02 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 33.0 
                 6.8 
               
               
                 790 
                 6.8 
                 7.3 
                 18 
                 10000 
                 12.54 
                 496 
                 2.47 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 31.5 
                 8.7 
               
               
                 800 
                 6.3 
                 7.1 
                 18 
                 10000 
                 13.25 
                 480 
                 2.52 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 31.5 
                 8.7 
               
               
                 810 
                 6.3 
                 7.2 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 13.30 
                 471 
                 2.56 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 19.9 
                 5.3 
               
               
                 820 
                 6.6 
                 7.4 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 13.39 
                 488 
                 2.55 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 20.6 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 830 
                 5.1 
                 7.3 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 14.32 
                 492 
                 2.51 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 19.9 
                 5.3 
               
               
                 840 
                 5.6 
                 7.3 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 13.11 
                 484 
                 2.53 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 31.5 
                 6.7 
               
               
                 850 
                 5.6 
                 7.6 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 14.52 
                 497 
                 2.51 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 19.9 
                 5.3 
               
               
                 857 
                 5.5 
                 7.3 
                 20 
                 10000 
                 13.87 
                 478 
                 2.5 
                 250 
                 250 
                 80 
                 19.9 
                 5.3 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Example-4 
     One trial was conducted to check the Flexibility of new EDI apparatus for treating 1 st  pass RO permeate water with FCE load greater than 10 μS/cm. For this one 30-cell pair stack was assembled similar to example-2 EDI apparatus and tested with 1 st  pass RO permeate water for 1010 Hours. The feed RO permeate water specification are as follows
         Conductivity=15-20 μS/cm   pH=6.0-6.5   Total Hardness=0.5-1.5 ppm as CaCO3   Silica=200-400 ppb as SiO2   CO2=1-3 ppm       

     The product flow rate was maintained 3.0 m3/hr (3000 LPH) throughout the experiment with pressure drop of 24-26 psi. The Resistivity of product water was achieved between 15 Mohms·cm and 17 Mohms·cm with product silica level of less than 15 ppb. The data of the experiment are summarized in table-7 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (EDI Apparatus data with 1 st  pass RO permeate water with Product flow rate of 3.0 m3/hr (3000 LPH) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Feed 
                   
                   
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 Voltage 
                 Current 
                 Voltage 
                 Current 
               
               
                 Op. 
                 Cond. 
                 Feed 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 Section-1 
                 Section-1 
                 Section-2 
                 Section-2 
               
               
                 Hrs. 
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 Mohms · cm 
                 Vdc 
                 amps 
                 Vdc 
                 amps 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 20.0 
                 6.0 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.74 
                 169 
                 1.1 
                 195 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 10 
                 18.6 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.85 
                 175 
                 1.1 
                 194 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 20 
                 19.6 
                 6.6 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.54 
                 175 
                 1.1 
                 192 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 30 
                 19.6 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.44 
                 180 
                 1.1 
                 196 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 40 
                 19.7 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.66 
                 185 
                 1.1 
                 237 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 50 
                 20.2 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.94 
                 183 
                 1.1 
                 238 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 60 
                 19.6 
                 6.6 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.92 
                 191 
                 1.1 
                 247 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 70 
                 19.0 
                 6.0 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 17.29 
                 184 
                 1.1 
                 242 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 80 
                 19.9 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.98 
                 185 
                 1.1 
                 247 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 90 
                 19.6 
                 6.7 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.89 
                 190 
                 1.1 
                 256 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 100 
                 19.4 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 17.09 
                 185 
                 1.1 
                 245 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 110 
                 19.6 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.64 
                 185 
                 1.1 
                 249 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 120 
                 20.1 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.38 
                 185 
                 1.1 
                 245 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 130 
                 19.3 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.74 
                 187 
                 1.1 
                 247 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 140 
                 19.4 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.97 
                 182 
                 1.1 
                 240 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 150 
                 19.3 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.76 
                 190 
                 1.1 
                 252 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 160 
                 20.6 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.57 
                 193 
                 1.1 
                 250 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 170 
                 19.0 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.91 
                 187 
                 1.1 
                 247 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 180 
                 19.3 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 17.09 
                 182 
                 1.1 
                 240 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 190 
                 19.5 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.78 
                 190 
                 1.1 
                 252 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 200 
                 19.4 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.84 
                 193 
                 1.1 
                 250 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 210 
                 19.3 
                 6.6 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.85 
                 182 
                 1.1 
                 240 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 220 
                 20.1 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.76 
                 190 
                 1.1 
                 252 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 230 
                 19.0 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.86 
                 183 
                 1.1 
                 238 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 240 
                 19.1 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.70 
                 190 
                 1.1 
                 246 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 250 
                 19.0 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.85 
                 201 
                 1.1 
                 246 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 260 
                 19.4 
                 6.2 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.36 
                 191 
                 1.1 
                 247 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 270 
                 19.8 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.07 
                 184 
                 1.1 
                 242 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 280 
                 20.1 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.19 
                 185 
                 1.1 
                 247 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 290 
                 20.6 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.31 
                 183 
                 1.1 
                 238 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 300 
                 20.3 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.38 
                 190 
                 1.1 
                 246 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 310 
                 20.9 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.20 
                 195 
                 1.1 
                 246 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 320 
                 20.4 
                 6.2 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.61 
                 191 
                 1.1 
                 247 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 330 
                 19.9 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.50 
                 184 
                 1.1 
                 242 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 340 
                 20.7 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.31 
                 185 
                 1.1 
                 247 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 350 
                 19.7 
                 6.7 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.19 
                 190 
                 1.1 
                 256 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 360 
                 20.4 
                 6.0 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.20 
                 185 
                 1.1 
                 245 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 370 
                 19.8 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.09 
                 185 
                 1.1 
                 249 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 380 
                 20.4 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.10 
                 185 
                 1.1 
                 245 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 390 
                 20.5 
                 6.2 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.09 
                 187 
                 1.1 
                 247 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 400 
                 19.5 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.10 
                 182 
                 1.1 
                 240 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 410 
                 20.7 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.76 
                 190 
                 1.1 
                 252 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 420 
                 19.6 
                 6.7 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.05 
                 193 
                 1.1 
                 250 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 430 
                 20.3 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.61 
                 200 
                 1.2 
                 250 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 440 
                 20.2 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.72 
                 201 
                 1.2 
                 251 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 450 
                 20.8 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.10 
                 207 
                 1.2 
                 245 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 460 
                 18.4 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.21 
                 205 
                 1.2 
                 245 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 470 
                 18.0 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.46 
                 200 
                 1.2 
                 233 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 480 
                 18.5 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.10 
                 210 
                 1.2 
                 237 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 490 
                 18.6 
                 6.2 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.09 
                 209 
                 1.2 
                 245 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 500 
                 18.5 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.85 
                 200 
                 1.2 
                 243 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 510 
                 18.6 
                 6.2 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.78 
                 206 
                 1.2 
                 250 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 520 
                 18.6 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.67 
                 203 
                 1.2 
                 244 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 530 
                 19.0 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.26 
                 208 
                 1.2 
                 249 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 540 
                 18.0 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 14.97 
                 210 
                 1.2 
                 251 
                 2.0 
               
               
                 550 
                 14.1 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.87 
                 221 
                 1.5 
                 263 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 560 
                 15.8 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.60 
                 215 
                 1.5 
                 261 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 570 
                 16.1 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.80 
                 198 
                 1.2 
                 246 
                 2.1 
               
               
                 580 
                 16.8 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.57 
                 206 
                 1.2 
                 260 
                 2.2 
               
               
                 590 
                 15.2 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.48 
                 204 
                 1.2 
                 269 
                 2.2 
               
               
                 600 
                 15.4 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.34 
                 200 
                 1.2 
                 270 
                 2.2 
               
               
                 610 
                 15.2 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.09 
                 197 
                 1.2 
                 266 
                 2.2 
               
               
                 620 
                 15.5 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.08 
                 198 
                 1.2 
                 268 
                 2.2 
               
               
                 630 
                 15.9 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.88 
                 202 
                 1.2 
                 272 
                 2.2 
               
               
                 640 
                 16.4 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.80 
                 202 
                 1.2 
                 268 
                 2.2 
               
               
                 650 
                 16.5 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.78 
                 225 
                 1.4 
                 276 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 660 
                 15.0 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.92 
                 213 
                 1.3 
                 276 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 670 
                 15.6 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.92 
                 214 
                 1.3 
                 278 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 680 
                 15.3 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.03 
                 223 
                 1.3 
                 287 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 690 
                 16.1 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.16 
                 218 
                 1.3 
                 282 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 700 
                 16.0 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.17 
                 217 
                 1.3 
                 286 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 710 
                 18.0 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.53 
                 219 
                 1.3 
                 268 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 720 
                 17.9 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.25 
                 222 
                 1.3 
                 284 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 730 
                 17.0 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.91 
                 225 
                 1.3 
                 288 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 740 
                 16.9 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.66 
                 222 
                 1.3 
                 284 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 750 
                 16.7 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.60 
                 234 
                 1.3 
                 292 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 760 
                 18.2 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.36 
                 233 
                 1.3 
                 284 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 770 
                 17.6 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.95 
                 233 
                 1.3 
                 285 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 780 
                 18.8 
                 6.0 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.58 
                 250 
                 1.4 
                 282 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 790 
                 18.5 
                 6.0 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.52 
                 244 
                 1.4 
                 287 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 800 
                 18.5 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.25 
                 245 
                 1.4 
                 266 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 810 
                 18.5 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.25 
                 250 
                 1.4 
                 282 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 820 
                 18.6 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.85 
                 254 
                 1.4 
                 289 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 830 
                 18.4 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.52 
                 258 
                 1.4 
                 287 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 840 
                 18.9 
                 6.0 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.56 
                 264 
                 1.4 
                 292 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 850 
                 18.0 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.53 
                 266 
                 1.4 
                 293 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 860 
                 18.4 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.21 
                 268 
                 1.4 
                 288 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 870 
                 18.2 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 14.91 
                 267 
                 1.4 
                 304 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 880 
                 18.5 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.25 
                 275 
                 1.4 
                 310 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 890 
                 18.5 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.16 
                 293 
                 1.4 
                 325 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 900 
                 18.4 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.01 
                 294 
                 1.4 
                 316 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 910 
                 18.6 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 14.74 
                 294 
                 1.4 
                 320 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 920 
                 18.4 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 14.85 
                 305 
                 1.4 
                 317 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 930 
                 18.4 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 14.81 
                 310 
                 1.4 
                 324 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 940 
                 18.7 
                 6.6 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.40 
                 276 
                 1.4 
                 298 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 950 
                 18.9 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.53 
                 294 
                 1.4 
                 310 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 960 
                 18.7 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.15 
                 292 
                 1.4 
                 324 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 970 
                 18.6 
                 5.9 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.31 
                 308 
                 1.4 
                 328 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 980 
                 18.7 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.38 
                 322 
                 1.4 
                 336 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 990 
                 18.1 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.38 
                 330 
                 1.4 
                 347 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 1000 
                 18.3 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.42 
                 327 
                 1.4 
                 343 
                 2.5 
               
               
                 1010 
                 18.3 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.68 
                 347 
                 1.4 
                 351 
                 2.5 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Feed 
                   
                   
                 Product 
                 Product 
                 C1(OUT) 
                 C2OUT) 
                 E.Rinse 
                 Feed 
                 Product 
                 Feed 
               
               
                 Op. 
                 Cond. 
                 Feed 
                 ΔP 
                 Flow 
                 Resistivity 
                 Flow 
                 Flow 
                 Flow 
                 Silica 
                 Silica 
                 TH 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Hrs. 
                 μS/cm 
                 pH 
                 psi 
                 LPH 
                 Mohms · cm 
                 LPH 
                 pH 
                 LPH 
                 pH 
                 LPH 
                 ppb 
                 ppb 
                 ppm 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 20.0 
                 6.0 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.74 
                 200 
                 9.5 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 80 
                 226 
                 6 
                 0.1 
               
               
                 10 
                 18.6 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.85 
                 200 
                 3.6 
                 200 
                 9.5 
                 80 
               
               
                 20 
                 19.6 
                 6.6 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.54 
                 200 
                 3.6 
                 200 
                 7.7 
                 80 
                 231 
                 8 
               
               
                 30 
                 19.6 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.44 
                 200 
                 5.0 
                 200 
                 4.9 
                 80 
                 222 
                 7 
               
               
                 40 
                 19.7 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.66 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 80 
                 224 
                 7 
                 0.1 
               
               
                 50 
                 20.2 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.94 
                 200 
                 5.9 
                 200 
                 8.1 
                 80 
                 244 
                 8 
               
               
                 60 
                 19.6 
                 6.6 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.92 
                 200 
                 8.1 
                 200 
                 8.0 
                 80 
                 238 
                 8 
               
               
                 70 
                 19.0 
                 6.0 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 17.29 
                 200 
                 9.4 
                 200 
                 8.1 
                 80 
               
               
                 80 
                 19.9 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.98 
                 200 
                 6.8 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 80 
                 205 
                 9 
               
               
                 90 
                 19.6 
                 6.7 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.89 
                 200 
                 7.6 
                 200 
                 7.7 
                 80 
                 438 
                 10 
                 0.2 
               
               
                 100 
                 19.4 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 17.09 
                 200 
                 9.5 
                 200 
                 8.7 
                 80 
                 397 
                 11 
               
               
                 110 
                 19.6 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.64 
                 200 
                 8.7 
                 200 
                 9.1 
                 80 
                 385 
                 11 
               
               
                 120 
                 20.1 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.38 
                 200 
                 8.4 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 393 
                 10 
               
               
                 130 
                 19.3 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.74 
                 200 
                 8.7 
                 200 
                 8.9 
                 80 
                 385 
                 11 
               
               
                 140 
                 19.4 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.97 
                 200 
                 8.7 
                 200 
                 8.6 
                 80 
                 404 
                 14 
               
               
                 150 
                 19.3 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.76 
                 200 
                 7.8 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 80 
                 365 
                 14 
                 0.3 
               
               
                 160 
                 20.6 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.57 
                 200 
                 10.3 
                 200 
                 9.7 
                 80 
                 362 
                 14 
               
               
                 170 
                 19.0 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.91 
                 200 
                 7.5 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 80 
                 358 
                 13 
               
               
                 180 
                 19.3 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 17.09 
                 200 
                 8.7 
                 200 
                 7.8 
                 80 
                 418 
                 13 
               
               
                 190 
                 19.5 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.78 
                 200 
                 8.6 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 409 
                 13 
               
               
                 200 
                 19.4 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.84 
                 200 
                 8.2 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 344 
                 12 
               
               
                 210 
                 19.3 
                 6.6 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.85 
                 200 
                 8.6 
                 200 
                 8.9 
                 80 
                 391 
                 14 
               
               
                 220 
                 20.1 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.76 
                 200 
                 8.2 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
               
               
                 230 
                 19.0 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.86 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 200 
                 8.8 
                 80 
                 163 
                 13 
                 0.5 
               
               
                 240 
                 19.1 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.70 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 200 
                 9.6 
                 80 
               
               
                 250 
                 19.0 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.85 
                 200 
                 5.7 
                 200 
                 10 
                 80 
               
               
                 260 
                 19.4 
                 6.2 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.36 
                 220 
                 5.6 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 80 
                 201 
                 13 
                 0.6 
               
               
                 270 
                 19.8 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.07 
                 220 
                 4.5 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 207 
                 14 
                 0.6 
               
               
                 280 
                 20.1 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.19 
                 220 
                 5.7 
                 200 
                 9.6 
                 80 
                 201 
                 13 
                 0.6 
               
               
                 290 
                 20.6 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.31 
                 220 
                 3.9 
                 200 
                 9.5 
                 80 
                 203 
                 14 
                 0.6 
               
               
                 300 
                 20.3 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.38 
                 220 
                 9.3 
                 200 
                 10.0 
                 80 
                 196 
                 11 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 310 
                 20.9 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.20 
                 220 
                 3.7 
                 200 
                 9.9 
                 80 
                 235 
                 11 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 320 
                 20.4 
                 6.2 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.61 
                 220 
                 3.8 
                 200 
                 9.9 
                 80 
                 221 
                 11 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 330 
                 19.9 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.50 
                 220 
                 4.1 
                 200 
                 9.8 
                 80 
                 217 
                 12 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 340 
                 20.7 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.31 
                 220 
                 4.4 
                 200 
                 10 
                 80 
                 231 
                 10 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 350 
                 19.7 
                 6.7 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.19 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 170 
                 9.9 
                 80 
                 240 
                 10 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 360 
                 20.4 
                 6.0 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.20 
                 250 
                 4.4 
                 170 
                 9.6 
                 80 
                 224 
                 12 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 370 
                 19.8 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.09 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 170 
                 10.2 
                 80 
                 201 
                 10 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 380 
                 20.4 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.10 
                 250 
                 4.4 
                 170 
                 9.8 
                 80 
                 203 
                 10 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 390 
                 20.5 
                 6.2 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.09 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 170 
                 9.5 
                 80 
                 215 
                 10 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 400 
                 19.5 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.10 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 170 
                 9.8 
                 80 
                 208 
                 8 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 410 
                 20.7 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.76 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 170 
                 10 
                 80 
                 204 
                 8 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 420 
                 19.6 
                 6.7 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.05 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 170 
                 10.1 
                 80 
                 209 
                 8 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 430 
                 20.3 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.61 
                 250 
                 4.7 
                 170 
                 9.9 
                 80 
               
               
                 440 
                 20.2 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.72 
                 250 
                 4.7 
                 170 
                 9.8 
                 80 
                 251 
                 12 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 450 
                 20.8 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.10 
                 250 
                 5.3 
                 170 
                 9.8 
                 80 
                 223 
                 11 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 460 
                 18.4 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.21 
                 250 
                 5.1 
                 170 
                 10.0 
                 80 
                 241 
                 13 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 470 
                 18.0 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.46 
                 250 
                 6.3 
                 170 
                 9.9 
                 80 
                 217 
                 12 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 480 
                 18.5 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.10 
                 250 
                 4.6 
                 170 
                 9.8 
                 80 
                 256 
                 13 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 490 
                 18.6 
                 6.2 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.09 
                 250 
                 4.0 
                 170 
                 9.5 
                 80 
                 232 
                 13 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 500 
                 18.5 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.85 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 170 
                 9.9 
                 80 
                 219 
                 10 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 510 
                 18.6 
                 6.2 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.78 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 170 
                 9.9 
                 80 
                 217 
                 9 
                 0.6 
               
               
                 520 
                 18.6 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.67 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 170 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 222 
                 10 
                 0.6 
               
               
                 530 
                 19.0 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.26 
                 250 
                 4.0 
                 170 
                 9.9 
                 80 
                 215 
                 10 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 540 
                 18.0 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 14.97 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 170 
                 9.8 
                 80 
                 207 
                 11 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 550 
                 14.1 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.87 
                 250 
                 4.4 
                 170 
                 9.7 
                 80 
                 221 
                 10 
                 0.6 
               
               
                 560 
                 15.8 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.60 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 170 
                 9.7 
                 80 
                 237 
                 9 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 570 
                 16.1 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.80 
                 250 
                 6.6 
                 170 
                 9.6 
                 80 
                 228 
                 9 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 580 
                 16.8 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.57 
                 250 
                 6.0 
                 170 
                 9.4 
                 80 
               
               
                 590 
                 15.2 
                 6.6 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.48 
                 250 
                 4.4 
                 170 
                 9.1 
                 80 
                 226 
                 10 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 600 
                 15.4 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.34 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 170 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 220 
                 9 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 610 
                 15.2 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 16.09 
                 250 
                 4.5 
                 170 
                 9.4 
                 80 
                 202 
                 8 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 620 
                 15.5 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.08 
                 250 
                 4.5 
                 170 
                 9.4 
                 80 
               
               
                 630 
                 15.9 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.88 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 170 
                 9.5 
                 80 
                 204 
                 8 
                 0.7 
               
               
                 640 
                 16.4 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.80 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 215 
                 8 
                 0.9 
               
               
                 650 
                 16.5 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.78 
                 250 
                 3.6 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 199 
                 8 
                 0.9 
               
               
                 660 
                 15.0 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.92 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 217 
                 8 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 670 
                 15.6 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.92 
                 250 
                 4.1 
                 200 
                 9.4 
                 80 
                 207 
                 9 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 680 
                 15.3 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.03 
                 250 
                 4.8 
                 200 
                 9.4 
                 80 
                 217 
                 8 
                 0.9 
               
               
                 690 
                 16.1 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.16 
                 250 
                 5.4 
                 200 
                 9.4 
                 80 
               
               
                 700 
                 16.0 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.17 
                 250 
                 4.7 
                 200 
                 9.4 
                 80 
                 198 
                 8 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 710 
                 18.0 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.53 
                 250 
                 6.2 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 211 
                 9 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 720 
                 17.9 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.25 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 80 
                 212 
                 9 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 730 
                 17.0 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.91 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 200 
                 9.1 
                 80 
                 208 
                 9 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 740 
                 16.9 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.66 
                 250 
                 4.1 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 80 
                 203 
                 9 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 750 
                 16.7 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.60 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 80 
                 198 
                 7 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 760 
                 18.2 
                 6.3 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.36 
                 250 
                 5.3 
                 200 
                 9.4 
                 80 
                 211 
                 9 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 770 
                 17.6 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.95 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 200 
                 9.7 
                 80 
                 198 
                 7 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 780 
                 18.8 
                 6.0 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.58 
                 250 
                 3.9 
                 200 
                 9.1 
                 80 
                 198 
                 7 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 790 
                 18.5 
                 6.0 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.52 
                 250 
                 3.9 
                 200 
                 9.4 
                 80 
                 219 
                 9 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 800 
                 18.5 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.25 
                 250 
                 4.8 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 232 
                 10 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 810 
                 18.5 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 16.25 
                 250 
                 3.8 
                 200 
                 9.5 
                 80 
                 227 
                 10 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 820 
                 18.6 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.85 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 200 
                 8.9 
                 80 
                 265 
                 10 
                 1.0 
               
               
                 830 
                 18.4 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.52 
                 250 
                 3.9 
                 200 
                 9.4 
                 80 
                 259 
                 10 
                 1.6 
               
               
                 840 
                 18.9 
                 6.0 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.56 
                 250 
                 3.9 
                 200 
                 9.4 
                 80 
                 252 
                 11 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 850 
                 18.0 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.53 
                 250 
                 4.1 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 80 
                 255 
                 12 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 860 
                 18.4 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.21 
                 250 
                 3.7 
                 200 
                 8.5 
                 80 
                 269 
                 10 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 870 
                 18.2 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 14.91 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 200 
                 6.4 
                 80 
                 272 
                 10 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 880 
                 18.5 
                 6.1 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.25 
                 250 
                 3.9 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 255 
                 9 
                 1.6 
               
               
                 890 
                 18.5 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.16 
                 250 
                 3.9 
                 200 
                 8.9 
                 80 
                 257 
                 10 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 900 
                 18.4 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.01 
                 250 
                 3.7 
                 200 
                 9.5 
                 80 
                 262 
                 11 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 910 
                 18.6 
                 6.2 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 14.74 
                 250 
                 3.7 
                 200 
                 9.8 
                 80 
                 256 
                 11 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 920 
                 18.4 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 14.85 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 200 
                 7.4 
                 80 
                 231 
                 10 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 930 
                 18.4 
                 6.4 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 14.81 
                 250 
                 3.8 
                 200 
                 9.4 
                 80 
                 262 
                 10 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 940 
                 18.7 
                 6.6 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.40 
                 250 
                 9.0 
                 200 
                 9.6 
                 80 
                 279 
                 10 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 950 
                 18.9 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.53 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 200 
                 9.4 
                 80 
                 267 
                 10 
                 1.5 
               
               
                 960 
                 18.7 
                 6.5 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.15 
                 250 
                 3.9 
                 200 
                 9.3 
                 80 
                 263 
                 11 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 970 
                 18.6 
                 5.9 
                 26 
                 3000 
                 15.31 
                 250 
                 3.9 
                 200 
                 9.2 
                 80 
                 275 
                 11 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 980 
                 18.7 
                 6.4 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.38 
                 250 
                 3.7 
                 200 
                 9.7 
                 80 
                 259 
                 10 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 990 
                 18.1 
                 6.5 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.38 
                 250 
                 4.3 
                 200 
                 6.9 
                 80 
                 278 
                 10 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 1000 
                 18.3 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.42 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 200 
                 6.6 
                 80 
                 271 
                 10 
                 1.4 
               
               
                 1010 
                 18.3 
                 6.3 
                 24 
                 3000 
                 15.68 
                 250 
                 4.2 
                 200 
                 6.6 
                 80 
                 258 
                 10 
                 1.5 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     CONCLUSIONS 
     The stack with conventional design given in example 1 does not deliver higher flows at lower differential pressures whereas the examples given above with split flow method are able to deliver much higher flows at same differential pressure while maintaining the quality parameters required for product. The same stack design can also produce quality product when operated with water produced by single pass RO in a conventional mode as detailed in data through example 4. This proves the flexibility of the stack design for both single and double pass RO waters.