Abstract:
Systems and methods for storing and restoring backup data. One method includes receiving, while a current view of an application is displayed in a user interface, a first user input requesting a history view associated with the current view of the application. The history view is displayed in response to the first user input, the history view including at least a first visual representation of an earlier version of the current view of the application, the earlier version including a first element. A second user input is received while the history view is displayed. The second user input requesting that the current view of the application be modified according to the earlier version, at least with regard to the first element. The current view of the application is modified in response to the second user input according to the earlier version, at least with regard to the first element.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is generally related to the following jointly owned and co-pending patent applications, each incorporated herein by reference in its entirety: 
         [0002]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “Managing Backup of Content,” filed Aug. 4, 2006; 
         [0003]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “User Interface for Backup Management,” filed Aug. 4, 2006; 
         [0004]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “Navigation of Electronic Backups,” filed Aug. 4, 2006; 
         [0005]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “Architecture for Back Up and/or Recovery of Electronic Data,” filed Aug. 4, 2006; 
         [0006]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “Searching a Backup Archive,” filed Aug. 4, 2006; 
         [0007]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “Conflict Resolution in Recovery of Electronic Data,” filed Aug. 4, 2006; 
         [0008]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “System for Multi-Device Electronic Backup,” filed Aug. 4, 2006; 
         [0009]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “System for Electronic Backup,” filed Aug. 4, 2006; 
         [0010]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “Restoring Electronic Information,” filed Aug. 4, 2006; 
         [0011]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “Links to a Common Item in a Data Structure,” filed Aug. 4, 2006; 
         [0012]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “Event Notification Management,” filed Aug. 4, 2006; 
         [0013]    U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, for “Consistent Back Up of Electronic Information,” filed Aug. 4, 2006. 
     
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0014]    The disclosed implementations relate generally to storing and restoring data. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0015]    A hallmark of modern graphical user interfaces is that they allow a large number of graphical objects or items to be displayed on a display screen at the same time. Leading personal computer operating systems, such as Apple Mac OS®, provide user interfaces in which a number of windows can be displayed, overlapped, resized, moved, configured, and reformatted according to the needs of the user or application. Taskbars, menus, virtual buttons and other user interface elements provide mechanisms for accessing and activating windows even when they are hidden behind other windows. 
         [0016]    With the sophisticated tools available, users are encouraged not only to create and save a multitude of items in their computers, but to revise or otherwise improve on them over time. For example, a user can work with a certain file and thereafter save its current version on a storage device. The next day, however, the user may have had second thoughts about the revisions, or may have come up with new ideas, and therefore opens the file again. 
         [0017]    The revision process is usually straightforward if the user wants to add more material to the file or make changes to what is there. But it is typically more difficult for a user who has changed his/her mind about changes that were previously made and wants the file back as it was once before. Application programs for word processing typically let the user “undo” previous edits of a text, at least up to a predefined number of past revisions. The undo feature also usually is configured so that the previously made revisions must be undone in reverse chronological order; that is, the user must first undo the most recently made edit, then the second-most recent one, and so on. If the user saves and closes the document and thereafter opens it again, it may not be possible to automatically undo any previous edits. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0018]    Systems and methods are provided for storing and restoring backup data. The backup data can relate to previous state of particular applications. The previous states of the applications can be presented in a backup interface. In one implementation, a user can enter the backup interface from the application window (e.g., iTunes). Views presented in the backup interface can represent past states of the application (e.g., state of the iTunes library). 
         [0019]    In general, in one aspect, a method is provided. The method includes receiving, while a current view of an application is displayed in a user interface, a first user input requesting that a history view associated with the current view of the application be displayed. The history view is displayed in response to the first user input, the history view including at least a first visual representation of an earlier version of the current view of the application, the earlier version including a first element. A second user input is received while the history view is displayed. The second user input requesting that the current view of the application be modified according to the earlier version, at least with regard to the first element. The current view of the application is modified in response to the second user input according to the earlier version, at least with regard to the first element. 
         [0020]    Implementations of the method can include one or more of the following features. The first user input requesting the history view can be initiated in the current view of the application. The second user input can request that the modification be limited to the first element, and wherein the modification modifies the current view of the application to include the first element and does not otherwise modify the current view of the application. 
         [0021]    The first element can be a particular set of application data that is not stored as typical file data. The set of application data can include mail messages, address book entries, or audio data. The first visual representation can be included in a timeline presented in the history view, the timeline including several visual representations of earlier versions of the current view of the application. The earlier versions of the current view of the application can be obtained at times defined by a schedule or by a rule. The earlier versions of the current view of the application can be obtained at times when at least one predefined event occurred. 
         [0022]    The history view can further include an input control for modifying the timeline to include only at least one of the visual representations whose corresponding earlier version differs from the current view of the application. The history view can further include a rollover function providing that the timeline is displayed when a user-controlled cursor is located over the timeline, and that the timeline is not displayed when the user-controlled cursor is not located over the timeline. The application can be an audio application and the first element can be a playlist. The application can be an e-mail application and the first element can be an inbox. The application can be an e-mail application and the first element can be a calendar. The application can be an address book application and the first element can be a directory of contacts. The application can be a messaging application and the first element can be a buddy list. 
         [0023]    In general, in one aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes instructions to generate on a display device a user interface. The user interface includes a view display area for presenting a current view of an application. The user interface also includes a history view display area for presenting a history view associated with the current view of the application, the history view including at least a first visual representation of an earlier version of the current view of the application and an input control for initiating a restoration of the current view of the application according to at least a portion of the earlier version. 
         [0024]    Implementations can include one or more of the following features. The earlier version can include at least a first element that a user can select, and wherein initiation of the input control after the selection initiates the restoration of the current view of the application according to only the first element of the earlier version. The first visual representation can be included in a timeline presented in the history view, the timeline including several visual representations of earlier versions of the current view of the application. The history view can further include another input control for modifying the timeline to include only at least one of the visual representations whose corresponding earlier version differs from the current view of the application. 
         [0025]    In general, in one aspect, a method is provided. The method includes defining one or more criteria for capturing a state of a view of a user interface of an application. The state of the view is captured in accordance with the criteria. A prompt is received to suspend presentation of a current view and present a captured view. The captured view is reinstated into the current view of the user interface. Defining the one or more criteria can include receiving a user input in the user interface of the application setting one or more parameters associated with the one or more criteria. 
         [0026]    In general, in one aspect, a method is provided. The method includes receiving, while a current view of a system settings interface is displayed in a user interface, a first user input requesting that a history view associated with the current view of the system settings interface be displayed. The history view is displayed in response to the first user input, the history view including at least a first visual representation of an earlier version of the current view of the system setting interface, the earlier version including one or more preferences. A second user input is received while the history view is displayed. The second user input requests that the current view of the system settings interface be modified according to the earlier version, at least with regard to a first preference of the one or more preferences. The current view of the system settings interface are modified in response to the second user input according to the earlier version, at least with regard to the first preference. 
         [0027]    Implementations can include one or more of the following features. The system settings interface can be an input device settings interface and the one or more preferences are keyboard and mouse settings. The system settings interface can be a user interface settings interface and the one or more preferences are user interface preferences. 
         [0028]    The details of the various aspects of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. 
     
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION FO THE DRAWINGS 
         [0029]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an example of an architecture for modifying a user interface view in a display environment. 
           [0030]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an example of an architecture for backing up and restoring application files. 
           [0031]      FIG. 3  is a screen shot depicting an example of a desktop user interface with multiple open applications. 
           [0032]      FIG. 4  is a screen shot depicting an example of an initial state for a time machine user interface after the time machine engine has been activated. 
           [0033]      FIG. 5  is a screen shot depicting the time machine interface of  FIG. 4  where a snapshot has been selected. 
           [0034]      FIG. 6  is a screen shot depicting the time machine interface of  FIG. 5  wherein a portion of a snapshot has been selected for restoration. 
           [0035]      FIG. 7  is a screen shot showing the desktop user interface after some contents from an earlier version have been restored using the time machine engine. 
           [0036]      FIG. 8  is a screen shot depicting an example of a desktop user interface with multiple open applications. 
           [0037]      FIG. 9  is a screen shot depicting an example of a state for a time machine user interface after the time machine engine has been activated. 
           [0038]      FIG. 10  is a screen shot depicting an example showing changed items in a time machine user interface. 
           [0039]      FIG. 11  is a screen shot depicting the time machine interface after the time machine engine has been activated. 
           [0040]      FIG. 12  is a screen shot depicting the time machine interface of  FIG. 11  where a snapshot has been selected in the timeline. 
           [0041]      FIG. 13  is a screen shot depicting the time machine interface where contents of a snapshot have been selected. 
           [0042]      FIG. 14  is a screen shot showing another example of the desktop user interface after some contents from an earlier version have been restored using the time machine engine. 
           [0043]      FIG. 15  is a screen shot showing the time machine interface used with a “Keyboard &amp; Mouse” settings pane. 
           [0044]      FIG. 16  is a screen shot showing the time machine interface for an address book application. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0045]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an architecture  100  for capturing at least one earlier version of a user interface view and allowing a user to initiate a restoration based on it. As used herein, a view refers to an item, element, or other content, capable of being stored and/or retrieved in an interface, that can be subjected to a backup operation by a backup component  117 . For example, a user interface view can contain any number of icons, files, folders, application state information and/or machine state information, preferences, etc. The architecture  100  includes a personal computer  102  communicatively coupled to a remote server  107  via a network interface  116  and a network  108  (e.g., local area network, wireless network, Internet, intranet, etc.). The computer  102  generally includes a processor  103 , memory  105 , one or more input devices  114  (e.g., keyboard, mouse, etc.) and one or more output devices  115  (e.g., a display device). A user interacts with the architecture  100  via the input and output devices  114 ,  115 . Architecture  100  as disclosed includes various hardware elements. Architecture  100  can include hardware, software, and combinations of the two. 
         [0046]    The computer  102  also includes a local storage device  106  and a graphics module  113  (e.g., graphics card) for storing information and generating graphical objects, respectively. The local storage device  106  can be a computer-readable medium. The term “computer-readable medium” refers to any medium that includes data and/or participates in providing instructions to a processor for execution, including without limitation, non-volatile media (e.g., optical or magnetic disks), volatile media (e.g., memory) and transmission media. Transmission media includes, without limitation, coaxial cables, copper wire, fiber optics, and computer buses. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic, light or radio frequency waves. 
         [0047]    While modifications of a user interface view are described herein with respect to a personal computer  102 , it should be apparent that the disclosed implementations can be incorporated in, or integrated with, any electronic device that has a user interface, including without limitation, portable and desktop computers, servers, electronics, media players, game devices, mobile phones, email devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), embedded devices, televisions, other consumer electronic devices, etc. 
         [0048]    Systems and methods are provided for modifying an interface view (e.g., a user interface view). The systems and methods can be stand alone, or otherwise integrated into a more comprehensive application. In the materials presented below, an integrated system and method for modifying a user interface view is disclosed. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the engines, methods, processes and the like that are described can themselves be an individual process or application, part of an operating system, a plug-in, an application or the like. 
         [0049]    In one implementation, the system and methods can be implemented as one or more plug-ins that are installed and run on the personal computer  102 . The plug-ins are configured to interact with an operating system (e.g., MAC OS® X, WINDOWS XP, LINUX, etc.) and to perform the various functions, as described with respect to the Figures. A system and method for modifying a user interface view can also be implemented as one or more software applications running on the computer  102 . Such a system and method can be characterized as a framework or model that can be implemented on various platforms and/or networks (e.g., client/server networks, wireless networks, stand-alone computers, portable electronic devices, mobile phones, etc.), and/or embedded or bundled with one or more software applications (e.g., email, media player, browser, etc.). 
         [0050]    The computer  102  includes the backup component  117  that allows for the storage of versions of the computer&#39;s files or other items, for example within the local storage  106  or in an external storage repository. In one implementation, the backup component  117  also allows a user to select any of the stored versions and use it to initiate a restoration of that version in the computer. 
         [0051]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an exemplary architecture (e.g., software architecture)  200  for enabling the back up and restoration of application files, such as those associated with a set of application programs  228 . 
         [0052]    Each application program  228  can include an application programming interface (API)  229 . The architecture  200  can utilize API  229  techniques to enhance application programs with further functionality. For example, the API  229  can link several applications together for providing a single service on all linked applications. Particularly, the time machine architecture can utilize API techniques to enhance application programs with the time machine functionality. The API tools can link several applications to the time machine engine by using an API for providing a similar menu or icon for each application. For example, the API can be used by the time machine when generating a backup version of a current state of the application. As another example, the API can be used when the application is restored, through the time machine, to a state that corresponds to a backup version. Although API  229  is shown in  FIG. 2  as part of application programs  228 , the API can be separate from the application programs  228 . For example, the API  229  can be separately located and made available by the system for use by one or more of the application programs  228 . 
         [0053]    In one implementation, the backup component  117  provides back up and restoration capability for the system. Many different items or elements can be the subject of a backup in the system. For example, folders, files, items, information portions, directories, images, system parameters, playlists, address books, e-mails, e-mail folders, a state of an application or state of the system, preferences (e.g., user or system preferences), and the like all can be candidates for archiving. Other types are also possible. In this example, the backup component  117  includes a local storage device  204  and an external storage device  232 . Versions can be stored on either of them. Any number of local and/or external storage devices can be used by the backup component  117  for storing versions. In one implementation, no local storage is provided. 
         [0054]    The backup component  117  can interact with one or more of the applications using the corresponding API. In one implementation, this can provide backing up of that application&#39;s files, state or other items, and can provide for user restoration of a selected backed up version, to name two examples. In one implementation, the backup component  117  runs as a background task on an operating system  230  that is not visible to the user. The backup component  117  can be capable of running across multiple user accounts. 
         [0055]    The backup component  117  includes an activity monitoring engine  212 . In one implementation, the activity monitoring engine  212  monitors for changes within applications (e.g., application files or state) that are targeted for backup operations. A change can also include the addition of new files or other data structures, or deletion of existing ones. 
         [0056]    In one implementation, the activity monitoring engine  212  is capable of discerning between a substantive change (e.g. the text within a document has been modified) and a non-substantive change (e.g. the play count within an iTunes playlist has been updated, or several changes cancel each other out) through its interaction with the application programs  228 . The activity monitoring engine  212  can, for example, create a list of modified elements to be used when a backup event is eventually triggered. In one implementation, the activity monitoring engine  212  can monitor the system for periods of inactivity. The activity monitoring engine  212  can then trigger a backup event during a period of time in which the backup operation will not cause a system slowdown for an active user. 
         [0057]    A preference management engine  214  specifies some operating parameters of the backup component  117 . In one implementation, preference management engine  214  contains user-specified and/or system default application parameters for the backup component  117 . These can include settings for the details of capturing and storing the views. For example, the preference management engine  214  can determine the frequency of a backup capture, the storage location for the backup versions, the types of elements (e.g., files or other items) that are eligible for backup capture, and the events which trigger a backup capture (periodic or event-driven, etc.). 
         [0058]    In one implementation, the preference management engine  214  can detect that a new storage device is being added to the system and prompt the user whether it should be included as a backup repository. Files and other items can be scheduled for a backup operation due to location (e.g. everything on the C: drive and within D:/photos), a correlation with specific applications (e.g. all pictures, music, e-mail in an inbox, an address book, and system settings), or a combination of strategies. Different types of items can be scheduled to be stored on different devices or on different segments of a storage device during a backup operation. In one implementation, the backup component  117  stores the versions in a format corresponding to a file system structure. 
         [0059]    A backup management engine  216  coordinates the collection, storage, and retrieval of views performed by the backup component  117 . For example, the backup management engine  216  can trigger the activity monitoring engine  212  to watch for activities that satisfy a requirement specified in the preference management engine  214 . 
         [0060]    A change identifying engine  218  locates specific elements (e.g., monitored files or other items within) to determine if they have changed. The change identifying engine  218  can be capable of discerning a substantive change from a non-substantive change, similar to the example described above for the activity monitoring engine  212 . In one implementation, the change identifying engine  218  traverses a target set of elements (e.g., files or other items), comparing a previous version to the current version to determine whether or not a modification has occurred. 
         [0061]    A backup capture engine  220  locates views (e.g., elements, files or other items) that are to be backed up. The backup capture engine  220  can invoke the activity monitoring engine  212  and/or the change identifying engine  218 , for example, to generate a capture list. The backup capture engine  220  can then store copies of these elements in one or more targeted storage repositories. The backup capture engine  220  can track multiple version copies of each item included in the backup repository. 
         [0062]    The backup component  117  includes a backup restoration engine  222  to restore previous versions of views (e.g., files or other items). In one implementation, the backup restoration engine  222  provides a user interface (e.g., a graphical user interface) where a user can select the item(s) to be restored. 
         [0063]      FIG. 3  is a screen shot depicting an example of a user interface  300  (e.g., a desktop user interface) with multiple open applications. The user interface  300  can be a user interface as may be provided by an operating system. The user interface  300  has a background, a menu bar  302 , an application launch bar  304 , and may include windows, icons, and other elements. Other configurations are possible. The user interface  300  can have multiple applications running, any or all of which can be presented in a separate window. While working with the applications, or at some other time, a user can initiate a time machine session in the system. 
         [0064]    As shown in  FIG. 3  a user has launched an iTunes™ application window (available from Apple Computer in Cupertino, Calif.) which is currently presented in the foreground, and a chat application  308  and a mail application  310  that are presented in the background. In particular, the iTunes™ application is here displaying contents of the user&#39;s library, which lists the user&#39;s songs. The iTunes™ application can be used for accessing, playing and organizing media, such as digital music, pictures and video files. 
         [0065]    The time machine application can be activated to back up or restore media content within the iTunes™ application or another application. In one implementation, the user can activate a time machine session from the user interface using a user-selectable time machine icon  312  in the application launch bar  304 . As another example, the time machine session can be activated from the menu bar  102 . The menu bar  302  can include a time machine options menu in addition to the activation selection. The time machine options menu can include selections allowing a user to specify data to include in a particular backup. For example, in iTunes™, the user can identify which content to back up (e.g., playlists, but not play counts, purchased songs, but not others, etc.). In addition, the user can recover songs that were previously included, but are now missing from the iTunes™ library. For example, the user can have made at least one backup of the missing songs at an earlier date, and can enter the time machine to search for the missing songs or files in a backup snapshot of the iTunes™ application allowing for the restoration of a view corresponding to that prior time. As used herein, a snapshot refers to a backup element stored in a historical archive that includes a backup of selected items or content as specified by the backup component  117 . In other implementations, the user can choose to enter the time machine directly from an operating system menu. In some implementations, the time machine architecture can include several icons or menus available in other locations within the user interface  300  or running applications, thereby providing several options for activating or launching the time machine engine. 
         [0066]      FIG. 4  is a screen shot depicting an example of an initial state for a time machine user interface  400  after the time machine engine has been activated. The time machine interface  400  here includes a presentation window  401 , a timeline  402 , and function buttons. As shown, the presentation window  401  is displaying the current iTunes™ application from  FIG. 3  because a “current” snapshot  404  has been selected (highlighted) in the timeline. The current snapshot can be a default selection. The presentation window  401  can show the contents corresponding to the currently selected snapshot, or a portion thereof. In this particular example, there is presented a date beneath each snapshot indicating when the snapshot was taken. In some implementations, the user can select items or content within the snapshots. For example, the user can select the snapshot  404 , and next select one or more songs to back up using the time machine interface  400 . In addition, the same selection functionality can be used in previous snapshots, such as snapshot  414 , to restore missing data to the state associated with the current snapshot  404 . 
         [0067]    The timeline  402  can include a number of snapshots representing earlier versions or states of the iTunes™ library that have been backed up. Each snapshot provides a screenshot representation of the earlier version of the iTunes™ library at a particular point in time. In some implementations, the timeline  402  includes a visual representation of backup elements, such as a miniature version of the earlier state. The time line can appear across the top portion of the time machine interface  402  (as shown). Alternatively, the timeline may not appear in the top portion of the time machine interface  400  until a user moves their cursor to (or otherwise activates) the timeline (e.g., by activating the top portion of the interface). 
         [0068]    The time machine user interface  400  can also include function controls. For example, the interface  400  can include arrow buttons  406   a  and  406   b  to navigate the snapshots forward or backward. Arrow buttons  408   a  and  408   b  can allow the user to navigate to additional snapshots not shown in the current timeline window, thus there can be a large number of snapshots from which to select. 
         [0069]    The interface can include a restore button  410  that, when selected, restores the view to the selected state represented by the selected snapshot. In some implementations, this terminates the session of the time machine. A user can select one element in a snapshot and then select the restore button  410  to modify the current version of the element selected (e.g., restore the state of the view). For example, in iTunes™, the user can select a few songs to restore, and this can trigger the restore button to display a more precise message, such as “restore selection only.” 
         [0070]    In one implementation, a changed items only checkbox control  412  filters the snapshots to show only those that differ from the current state. In one implementation, the checkbox control  412  does not refer to the incremental changes between snapshots in the timeline  402 , but rather when invoked acts to omit those snapshots whose states are identical to the current state of the iTunes™ library from presentation in the timeline. For example, if the most recent snapshot  404  is identical to the snapshot  414  that occurs earlier in time, selecting the changed items only checkbox control  412 , in one implementation, causes the time machine to cease displaying one of these versions, e.g., by removing the snapshot  414  from the timeline. This can help the user to view only snapshots that contain changes to the current version. 
         [0071]    An information button  416  provides information regarding the selected snapshot. In one implementation, selecting the information button  416  opens a panel display. The panel display can provide information including the date and time the snapshot was made, the location of actual contents in a snapshot, the size of the snapshot, and a comment section, to name a few examples. A close button  418  can be selected to exit the time machine and return the user to the user interface  300 . In some implementations, the time machine engine can automatically close upon a particular snapshot being restored. In some implementations, the user can minimize the time machine for purposes of navigating to other applications, such as an email application or a web browser. 
         [0072]      FIG. 5  is a screen shot depicting the time machine interface  400  where a snapshot  502  has been selected in the timeline. The iTunes™ application interface corresponding to the selected snapshot  502  (labeled Jan. 30, 2006) is displayed in the presentation window  401 . This earlier version of the iTunes™ application shows a file tree where the user has selected a source library  506 , which can contain several songs and albums. The songs and albums can be sorted and arranged by name, length, artist, or album title, to name a few examples. In some implementations, other sorting fields can be used, such as sorting by genre. In addition, the user can use the information in the source library  506  to create separate song lists known as playlists. Playlists can combine several artists and albums in one list and can be presented in a user-selected order. Playlists can also be burned to compact discs, transferred to an iPod™ device (available from Apple Computer in Cupertino, Calif.), or played on the computer device  102 . 
         [0073]    In this example, the source library displayed in the selected snapshot  502  includes songs that are not found in the current version of the library. In particular, those include twelve songs by the artist “Gorillaz.” For example, the user can delete these twelve songs from the source library  506  after the earlier version was backed up. The user may wish to restore these twelve missing songs and can do so by using the time machine user interface  400 .  FIG. 6  illustrates one implementation of the restoration of partial content from a snapshot. 
         [0074]      FIG. 6  is a screen shot depicting the time machine interface of  FIG. 5  wherein a portion of a snapshot has been selected for restoration. For example, the user can select the twelve missing songs  602  within the snapshot  502  displayed in the presentation window. Thus, as with the earlier described implementation, the user can select items or partial content within the snapshots. Upon selecting the missing songs  602  in some implementations, the restore button can change, as shown, from “Restore All”  410  to “Restore 12 Songs”  604 . If the user selects the “Restore 12 Songs” button  604 , the selects songs will be restored to the library of the current iTunes™ application. Upon selecting the restore button  604 , the time machine engine can exit and return the user to the user interface  300 . In some implementations, the user can choose to remain in the time machine to perform further restorations. 
         [0075]      FIG. 7  is a screen shot showing the user interface  300  after some contents from an earlier version have been restored using the time machine engine. As shown, the iTunes™ library  506  now includes the restored twelve songs. In this example, actual data content represented by one snapshot was collected and restored in the iTunes™ application. Alternatively, the time machine application can restore only the organization of the data. For example, in iTunes™, the user can have a number of different playlists, such as the “Party Shuffle” playlist  702 . Each playlist can contain a different set of songs. In general, songs which appear in more than one playlist do not correspond to multiple copies of the song because the playlist is considered a particular organization of songs in the source library  506 . Therefore, if the user restores a playlist using the time machine application, only the playlist organization can require restoration. Thus, the underlying songs do not require restoration in such an example, unless they are missing from the source library  506 . These and other types of non-file form data (e.g., metadata or other application data) can be restored using the time machine engine. 
         [0076]      FIG. 8  is a screen shot depicting an example of a desktop user interface with multiple open applications. A user has launched an iPhoto™ application window  802 , (available from Apple Computer in Cupertino, Calif.) which is currently presented in the foreground, and a chat application  804  and a mail application  806  that are presented in the background. In particular, the iPhoto™ application is here displaying contents of the user&#39;s library, which lists the user&#39;s photo albums containing photographs. The iPhoto™ application can be used for accessing, storing, and organizing media, such as images, scanned photographs, and video content. While working with the applications, or at some other time, a user can initiate a time machine session in the system. 
         [0077]    As shown in  FIG. 8 , there is a source pane  808  in the application window  802  for navigating the content. For example, the user can select a particular photo album to view the contents in the photo album (e.g. photographs, images, and video content). In this example, the user has selected a “Library” item  810 , and the iPhoto™ application has presented to the user all of the images in the library  810 . In some implementations, the user can select one or more albums to display the contents of each such album in the iPhoto™ application. For example, the user can select a “Last 12 Months” photo album  812 , and this can display all images collected in the selected album in the application window  102 . In some implementations, the contents can be displayed as thumbnail images, such as thumbnail image  814 . In other implementations, the contents can be displayed in list form using the file name as the displayed image. The contents in each photo album can be different sets of images, for example, organized by event, theme, time, category, and the like. In some implementations, a photograph count  816  can be presented to the user showing how many images are in the current application window  802 . In general, the user can create, delete, or transfer images in the photo albums and the photograph count  816  can adjust accordingly when a photograph is added or deleted from the application window  802 , or when the user switches between photo albums. As shown, the photograph count  816  displays “1,973 photos,” indicating that there are 1,973 photographs in the current user library  810 . 
         [0078]    In addition to creating, deleting and transferring images in the photo album, the user can also modify the images by selecting various photograph options shown in a control panel  818 . The control panel  818  can include options allowing the user to rotate, edit, email, or generally move the images into other configurations. For example, the control panel  818  can present options to the user to select images from several photo albums to create a book or calendar entry using the selected images. As another example, the panel  818  provides that the user can search for images using the application. 
         [0079]      FIG. 9  is a screen shot depicting an example of a state for a time machine user interface  902  after the time machine engine has been activated. The presentation window  904  is displaying a “Jan. 9-Jan. 23, 2005” snapshot  906  of the iPhoto™ application, for example because the user has selected this particular snapshot from the timeline  908 . Generally, the time machine in some implementations provides that an exact replica of the selected snapshot can be restored. However, in some implementations, the user can select a “Show changed items only” checkbox  910  to modify the content to be presented in the interface  902 . For example, when the checkbox  910  has been selected, the timeline can adjust to display only items with reference to the “Current” snapshot  912 . An example of selecting the “Show changed items only” checkbox  910  is described with reference to  FIG. 10 . 
         [0080]      FIG. 10  is a screen shot depicting an example showing changed items in a time machine user interface. In particular, the user has checked the “Show changed items only” checkbox  910  for purposes of restoring only the changed items in the “Current” snapshot  912 . When the checkbox  910  is selected, all images that are present in the “Current” snapshot  912  are deleted from the prior snapshots. For example, the “Jan. 9-Jan. 23, 2005” snapshot  906  shows the four photographs that are not present in the “Current” snapshot  912 . Thus, when the checkbox  910  is selected, the content of each snapshot is presented relative to the content of the current snapshot. In another implementation, the checkbox  910  can filter out snapshots in the timeline that are identical to the current snapshot, and leave the remaining snapshots intact. 
         [0081]      FIG. 11  is a screen shot depicting the time machine interface after the time machine engine has been activated. The iPhoto™ application from  FIG. 8  corresponding to a current snapshot  1102  is being presented in the presentation window  802 . A timeline  1104  contains a set of iPhoto™ snapshots, each of which includes a date indicating when the snapshot was taken. In some implementations, a date range can be displayed indicating that the content in the snapshot is the same throughout the time period, as shown, for example, in snapshot  1106 . Navigation  1108 , restore  1110  and information  1112  function buttons can operate substantially as described earlier with reference to FIG.  3 . The snapshots shown in the timeline  1104  can be images representing the iPhoto™ application showing the state of a source library  1114  for each snapshot. The user can navigate between snapshots with the image shown in the presentation window  802  corresponding to the selected snapshot. 
         [0082]      FIG. 12  is a screen shot depicting the time machine interface of  FIG. 11  where a snapshot  1202  has been selected in the timeline. The iPhoto™ application interface corresponding to the selected snapshot  1202  (Jan. 9-Jan. 23, 2005) is displayed in the presentation window  802 . Here, the user can search for a photo album that is not present in the current snapshot  102 , such as the “Euro 2004” album. The selected snapshot  1202  includes the Euro 2004 album. Accordingly, the user can navigate to this snapshot to access the content thereof (the Euro 2004 folder) that is not present in the current version. As shown, the number of photographs  816  in the snapshot  1202  is 1,912, whereas the current snapshot  1102  contains 1,973 pictures. 
         [0083]      FIG. 13  is a screen shot depicting the time machine interface where a snapshot  1202  has been selected in the timeline. As shown, the album depicted in the snapshot  1202  is the “Euro 2004” album  1204 . Upon the user selecting the snapshot  1202 , the user can then select the “Euro 2004” album  1204 . This can, in turn, trigger the interface to present the backed up data for the “Euro 2004” album  1204 . The user can select a restore button  1312  to restore the content of the “Euro 2004” album along with all other contents in the corresponding earlier version. As another example, the user can choose to restore only a portion of the snapshot  1202  by selecting at least one image in the presentation window  802 . For example, to restore only image  1314 , the user can select the image and then select the restore button  1312 . Selecting the restore button causes the album  1204 , or a selected portion thereof, to be restored in the current view of the iPhoto™ application and is thereafter accessible to the user. For example, the album  1204  can be restored to the source library in the iPhoto™ application allowing the user to modify the contents in the album  1204 . In some implementations, the restore button caption can change to “Restore 1 image” when a user selects one image. 
         [0084]      FIG. 14  is a screen shot showing another example of the desktop user interface after some contents from an earlier version have been restored using the time machine application. Particularly, the user here selected the Euro 2004 folder for restoration. As shown, the iPhoto™ library  1114  now includes the restored album “Euro 2004.” Both the album and the image content have been restored to the iPhoto™ application. In some implementations, the user can choose to restore only the image content. For example, images can be selected from a backup snapshot and restored in a new album. Alternatively, the selection can be stored in an existing album. 
         [0085]    The above examples involve backup versions of music libraries or photo albums. Many different types of applications, items, system settings, preferences, elements or processes can be backed up and made accessible through a time machine.  FIG. 15  is a screen shot showing the time machine interface used with a “Keyboard &amp; Mouse” settings pane. This function can be one that is provided as part of the operation system  230  ( FIG. 2 ). Other aspects of the operating system can similarly be subject to time machine operations. For example, preferences associated with other input devices, system settings (e.g., display device preferences, printer preferences), and user interface settings (e.g., preferences defining a look and feel of the user interface such as colors, background images and, screensaver preferences). [there are probably other kinds of system settings we can talk about here too] 
         [0086]    In this example, a presentation window  1502  is shown displaying a system settings interface (e.g., a “control panel”) for keyboard and mouse settings in a computer system. The user can enter the time machine interface to restore previous system or device settings. Upon entering the time machine interface, a timeline  1504  can show snapshots corresponding to earlier versions of the keyboard and mouse settings. For example, the user may wish to return to a default setting for a mouse. Here, the user can search through the timeline  1504  for a previous setting, such as a default, and select a restore button  1506  to restore the mouse settings to that of the selected snapshot settings. In addition, the timeline  1504  can display a “change” indicator  1508  with the date or filename under the snapshots to indicate a change in a selected snapshot  1510  relative to another snapshot  1512 . For example, the snapshot  1512  displays Jul. 13, 2005 and the change indicator  1508  because there are differences between the selected snapshot  1510  and the Jul. 13, 2005 snapshot  1508 . 
         [0087]    The user can wish to compare settings between two snapshots without initially restoring either of them. Some implementations can include a compare icon  1514  that a user can select to display both snapshots in the presentation window for comparison. 
         [0088]    As another example,  FIG. 16  is a screen shot showing a time machine interface for an address book application (which can be a distinct application or part of another application such as an e-mail application). In this example, a presentation window  1602  is showing an address book application. Address book information within the application can be revised over time, and the time machine application can be used to restore, for example, lost or deleted contact information within an address book. In some implementations, the user can restore a directory of contacts by selecting a snapshot that includes at least one directory not present in a current snapshot. 
         [0089]    The user can also restore a complete address book by selecting a particular snapshot containing the address book and next selecting a restore button  1604 . As shown in  FIG. 16 , the time machine interface, in this implementation, does not include a timeline for the user to select snapshots from. In some implementations the user can navigate through snapshots using the control buttons  406   a  and  406   b.  As another example, the timeline can appear as a rollover effect when a cursor or the pointing device is placed on the corresponding area of the interface. In some implementations, the user can select an item timeline icon  1606  to open a timeline view of snapshots, which can present text information about one or more snapshots and optionally facilitate navigation to any snapshot. In some implementations, the timeline view can be toggled off and on using the item timeline icon  1606 . 
         [0090]    The time machine interface can also be used to present backup information relating to an e-mail application. For example, the user can enter the time machine interface to restore any or all contents or data associated with the e-mail application, such as data associated with an inbox folder, a sent items folder, a deleted items folder, an address book, calendar, preferences, or any other data of the e-mail application. For example, in one implementation, the user can restore inbox messages that were permanently deleted from the e-mail application. The user can enter the time machine interface and select a snapshot that includes the deleted inbox messages. In one implementation, the user can restore the entire inbox from that snapshot. Alternatively, the user can select only particular inbox messages to restore using the time machine interface. Similarly, the user can restore deleted message from other folders as well as contact information that was deleted. 
         [0091]    In another implementation, the time machine interface can be used to present backup information associated with a messaging application. For example, the user can enter the time machine interface to restore one or more deleted friends from a “buddy list”, deleted conversations, preferences, and the like. 
         [0092]    In the above description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that implementations can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the disclosure. 
         [0093]    In particular, one skilled in the art will recognize that other architectures and graphics environments can be used, and that the examples can be implemented using graphics tools and products other than those described above. In particular, the client/server approach is merely one example of an architecture for providing the functionality described herein; one skilled in the art will recognize that other, non-client/server approaches can also be used. Some portions of the detailed description are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. 
         [0094]    It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or “determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system&#39;s registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. 
         [0095]    An apparatus for performing the operations herein can be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it can comprise a general-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, and magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing data including electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus. 
         [0096]    The algorithms and modules presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems can be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it can prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatuses to perform the method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description. In addition, the present examples are not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages can be used to implement the teachings as described herein. Furthermore, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art, the modules, features, attributes, methodologies, and other aspects can be implemented as software, hardware, firmware or any combination of the three. Of course, wherever a component is implemented as software, the component can be implemented as a standalone program, as part of a larger program, as a plurality of separate programs, as a statically or dynamically linked library, as a kernel loadable module, as a device driver, and/or in every and any other way known now or in the future to those of skill in the art of computer programming. Additionally, the present description is in no way limited to implementation in any specific operating system or environment. 
         [0097]    The subject matter described in this specification can be implemented as one or more computer program products, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions encoded on a computer readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The instructions can be organized into modules (or engines) in different numbers and combinations from the exemplary modules described. The computer readable medium can be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter effecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or a combination of one or more them. The term “data processing apparatus” encompasses all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or a combination of one or more of them. A propagated signal is an artificially generated signal, e.g., a machine-generated electrical, optical, or electromagnetic signal, that is generated to encode information for transmission to suitable receiver apparatus. 
         [0098]    While this specification contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations of the subject matter. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination. 
         [0099]    Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. 
         [0100]    The subject matter of this specification has been described in terms of particular embodiments, but other embodiments can be implemented and are within the scope of the following claims. For example, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. As one example, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Other variations are within the scope of the following claims.