Abstract:
A coupling device has a female part secured to a rigid endpiece. A stepped bore is provided that presents a large diameter section beyond an axial latch that is movable between two positions. A banding ring is housed in a removable manner inside the large diameter section and fitted on its inside surface with at least one retaining projection. The projection is used to axially link the tube to the banding ring by biting into the outside surface of the tube. An axial latch has two positions: one opposing axial displacement of the banding ring away from the rigid endpiece, the other releasing the banding ring.

Description:
This application is continuation of application Ser. No. 09/244,531 filed Feb. 4, 1999, abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/849,929 filed May 29, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,895,078 issued Apr. 20, 1999 which is a 371 of PCT/FR 95/01,562 filed Nov. 27, 1995. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a quick coupling device for coupling a tube to a rigid endpiece. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     To connect a tube to an installation or to connect two tubes to each other, it is known to use rigid endpieces of the spigot type having Christmas-tree shaped teeth, in which the rigid endpiece possesses a cylindrical tubular portion fitted on its outside surface with catching sharp edges that retain the tube and that seal the connection once the cylindrical portion has been forced into the tube. The main drawback of such a device lies in difficulties associated with assembly and disassembly. In order to guarantee good retention and good sealing, the teeth must be of sufficient height to bite properly into the inside surface of the tube, and as a result hand assembly becomes extremely difficult since it is necessary to develop large engagement forces, and disassembly becomes practically impossible because the teeth penetrate into the inside wall of the tube and their substantially radial surfaces oppose a force tending to pull them out. 
     In certain applications, it is nevertheless useful to be able periodically to make and break connections between a tube to a rigid endpiece easily and by hand. This can be made easy by significantly reducing the height of the teeth, however that is to the detriment of the quality of retention and of sealing achieved between the endpiece and the tube. 
     To remedy this drawback, is it known to band the tube, once installed on the endpiece, with at least one collar or ring that is placed on the outside of the tube and that is clamped thereon by appropriate means. 
     Such devices provide mechanical qualities that are satisfactory, however connection and disconnection operations require enough time to operate the clamping means. Further, when connection and disconnection are frequent, the indentations formed repetitively by the collar in the tube end up by damaging the outside surface thereof and can lead to a weakening in the retention provided by the banding collar on the tube. 
     Quick coupling devices are also known for coupling a tube to a rigid endpiece, which devices comprise a female part secured to the rigid endpiece and a male tubular part fitted to the end of the tube to be coupled. The female part has a stepped bore including a large diameter portion capable of receiving a shoulder of the male part beyond an axial latch. The male part generally has an elongate portion with a cylindrical outside surface fitted with retention projections (e.g., Christmas-tree shaped teeth) for providing non-dismountable connection between the tube and the male part. 
     With that kind of device, initial coupling takes place in two stages. The tube must first be fitted on the male part and this requires large engagement force since the clamping must be strong enough to ensure that the connection is leakproof. Thereafter, the male part must be inserted into the female part until the shoulder of the male part has gone past the axial latch of the female part, with the connection being sealed by means of O-rings disposed between the two parts. The tube is disconnected by acting on the axial latch so as to decouple the male part from the female part. 
     That kind of device thus makes it possible to perform frequent connections and disconnections without damaging the mechanical qualities of the coupling formed. However, the structure comprising two separate male and female parts is inconvenient in use and initial coupling requires special tooling and handling for the purpose of engaging the tube on the male part. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,314,216, issued to UMEZAWA for THIN RESIN TUBE CONNECTING COUPLING WITH FLANGE INSERT, discloses a coupling provided with a body having opposed front and rear ends. A large diameter chamber extends into the rear end and a communication hole extends into the front end. A small diameter chamber connects the communication hole and the large diameter chamber. A split annular grip with an inwardly directed annular pawl is disposed in the small diameter chamber and is dimensioned for surrounding the tube. All of the components inserted in the staged bore are extracted therefrom, with the tube. In other words, the banding ring is not extracted by itself, as it is in the present invention. The banding ring cannot move with respect to the latch, with or without a tube. In the present invention, however, the banding ring may or may not pass the latch, depending on the radial position thereof. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention seeks to provide a quick coupling device of the above-specified type which is simple and compact in structure and which is extremely simple to implement, in particular on the occasion of initial coupling. 
     To achieve this end, the invention provides a quick coupling device for coupling a tube to a rigid endpiece including a female part secured to the rigid endpiece and in which a staged bore is provided that presents a section of large diameter beyond an axial latch that is movable between two positions, the device comprising a banding ring housed in removable manner in the large diameter section and fitted on its inside surface with at least one retaining projection forming axial connection means between the tube and the banding ring by biting into the outside surface of the tube, the axial latch in one of its two positions opposing axial displacement of the banding ring away from the rigid endpiece and, in its other position, releasing the banding ring. 
     Thus, the device is in the form of a part that is compact, the banding ring being integrated in the female part. On initial coupling, when the tube is inserted into the female part, the retaining projection of the banding ring fixes the ring permanently on the tube. This insertion can be performed by hand insofar as clamping of the banding ring on the tube does not serve to provide sealing, with sealing being provided directly between the female part and the tube. The axial latch prevents the tube from being disconnected by opposing axial displacement of the banding ring away from the rigid endpiece. To disconnect the tube fitted with its banding ring, it suffices to release the axial latch to allow the banding ring to pass and disconnect the tube which remains fitted with its banding ring. If it is desired to recouple the tube to the endpiece, it then suffices to slide the tube fitted with its ring inside the female part until the ring has gone past the axial latch. After the latch has been engaged, the tube is again prevented from moving axially inside the female part. 
     The banding ring may have a conical bore that converges towards the rigid endpiece and that has a small diameter that is smaller than the outside diameter of the tube, or it may have a cylindrical bore that is fitted with at least one retaining tooth. 
     In an advantageous embodiment, the banding ring comprises a split ring mounted in a cage which cooperates with the split ring via a conical contact surface that diverges towards the rigid endpiece. 
     It is then advantageous for the banding ring to include means for locking the split ring in at least one of the axial positions of said ring relative to the cage. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Other characteristics and advantages of the invention appear on reading the following description of a particular and non-limiting embodiment given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is an axial section view through a first embodiment of a connection device of the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a cross-section on line II—II of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a view analogous to FIG. 1 showing the device in operation; 
     FIG. 4 is a view analogous to FIG. 1 showing the device in a disconnected state, after initial coupling; 
     FIG. 5 is a detail section view on an axial plane through a first variant embodiment of the banding ring; 
     FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view of a second variant embodiment of the banding ring, showing how the tube is inserted on initial coupling; 
     FIG. 7 is a view analogous to FIG. 6, showing the state of the banding ring when an extraction force is exerted on the tube; 
     FIG. 8 is a view analogous to FIG. 6, showing the state of the banding ring when secured to the tube; and 
     FIG. 9 is a view analogous to FIG. 7, showing a third variant embodiment of the banding ring. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     With reference to the figures, and in particular with reference to FIGS. 1 to  3 , the coupling device comprises a female part  1  integrally formed with a rigid endpiece  2  having an inside channel  3 , and outside means  4  referred to as “Christmas-tree-like” teeth, suitable for being inserted into a tube (not shown). 
     In addition to the rigid endpiece  2 , the female part  1  is subdivided into a plurality of portions. A first portion  5  comprises a bore  6  of a diameter that is designed to receive the tip of a tube  7  for coupling to the rigid endpiece  2 . A second portion  8  of the female part  1  has a bore  9  of larger diameter than the bore  6  for receiving two O-rings  10  together with an insert  11  for locking the O-rings in place. The inside diameter of the insert and the inside diameter of the O-rings are respectively equal to and slightly smaller than the diameter of the bore  6 . Finally, the female part  1  includes a third portion  12  whose bore  13  has a diameter that is even larger than that of the preceding bores so as to allow a banding ring  14  to pass freely. 
     At its end open to the outside, i.e., remote from the rigid endpiece  2 , the third portion  12  of the female part  1  has an axial latch for preventing the ring  14  being extracted once properly inserted in the female part  1 . This latch is constituted by a locking ring  15  capable of sliding radially in an open housing in the female part  1 . As can be seen more clearly in FIG. 2, the locking ring  15  has two resilient outer tabs  16  which tend to displace the inside bore of the locking ring  15  relative to the axis of the bore  13 . The portion of the inside bore of the locking ring  15  which is situated adjacent to the tabs  16  is in the form of a conical surface  17  converging towards the rigid endpiece  2 . 
     The radial housing for the locking ring  15  in the female part  1  is shown in FIG.  2 . It is defined laterally by two parallel flanks  18  and  19  against which there bear flats  20  and  21  of the locking ring  15 . The flanks  18  and  19  have respective projections  22  constituting sliding abutments for projections  23  carried by the lateral flats  20  and  21  of the locking ring  15 . These pairs of projections thus oppose withdrawal of the locking ring  15  from its housing under the effect of the resilient tabs  16  that keep the bore of the locking ring  15  offset by a value e relative to the bore  13 . It may also be observed that the material used for the female part  1  and/or for the locking ring  15  is sufficiently resilient to enable the locking ring  15  to be inserted into its housing with the Christmas-tree shaped projections  22  and  23  sliding over one another. 
     The banding ring  14  has a conical bore  24  and is disposed inside the bore  13  so that the conical bore converges towards the rigid endpiece  2 . In addition, the small diameter of the conical bore is slightly smaller than the diameter of the tube, whereas its large diameter is equal to or slightly greater than said diameter. In practice, best performance has been obtained with a conical surface having a half-angle at the apex lying in the range 2° to 6°, and preferably at an angle of 4° for a tube made of polyamide. For tubes of ordinary sizes, i.e., having an outside diameter lying in the range of a few centimeters to a few tens of centimeters, the best mechanical performance has been obtained for a difference of the order of a few tens of millimeters between the outside diameter of the tube and the small diameter of the banding ring  14 . 
     On initial coupling of the tube  7  to the female part  1 , the banding ring  14  is in place inside the bore  13 . The tube  7  is inserted inside the female part  1  in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1 by causing its outside surface to slide over the conical surface of the bore of the banding ring  14 , the O-rings  10 , and the bore  6 . When the tube  7  reaches the end of its stroke, coupling has been completed. This is the state shown in FIG.  3 . 
     To disconnect the tube  7  from the female part  1 , it suffices to press the locking ring  15  against its resilient tabs  16 , as shown by arrow B in FIG.  4 . The banding ring  14  is then released and the tube  7  can be withdrawn, in the direction of arrow C. 
     To recouple the tube  7  in the female part  1 , it suffices to cause said tube to penetrate together with its banding ring  14  into the female part  1 , as symbolized by arrow D. As the banding ring  14  passes through the locking ring  15 , the conical surface  17  forms a ramp for bringing the axes of the bore of the locking ring  15  and of the bore  13  back into alignment, with the locking ring  15  moving radially against the effect of the resilient tabs  16  until the banding ring  14  is received in the bore  13  beyond the locking ring  15 . The tabs  16  are then released and the locking ring returns to its free position, i.e., its position that is eccentric relative to the bore  13 , thereby constituting an abutment opposing extraction of the banding ring  14 . The coupling is thus completed and the device is back in the configuration shown in FIG.  3 . 
     FIG. 5 shows a first variant embodiment of the banding ring which is given reference  114  in this case. This ring comprises a split ring  115  mounted in a cage  116  which cooperates with the ring  115  via a conical contact surface that diverges towards the rigid endpiece  2 . The split ring  115  also has a cylindrical inside bore  117  which is fitted with two circular ribs  118  that project into the ring  115  with an inside diameter that is slightly less than the outside diameter of the tube  7 . In addition, at each of its axial ends, the cage  116  has respective inside shoulders  119  and  120  which limit axial displacement of the split ring  115  inside the cage  116 . 
     During initial coupling of the tube to the rigid endpiece, the tube is inserted inside the banding ring  114  and slides against the circular ribs  118  of the split ring  115  pushing the split ring  115  back towards the rigid endpiece, as represented by arrow E in FIG.  5 . Since the contact area between the ring  115  and the cage  116  is conical, this displacement causes the split ring  115  to enlarge, thereby facilitating insertion of the tube while preventing the outside surface of the tube being marked by the ribs  118 . After the tube has been fully inserted into the female part of the device, any attempt at extracting the tube constrains the split ring  115  to move away from the rigid endpiece, i.e., in the direction opposite to arrow E. Such axial displacement is accompanied by shrinking of the split ring because of the conical shape of the contact surface between the ring  115  and the cage  116 , thereby tending to strengthen the retention of the ring on the tube  7 . 
     In FIGS. 6 to  8 , there can be seen a fragmentary view of a second variant embodiment of the banding ring of FIG.  5 . This banding ring is now given reference  214  and in the same manner as before it comprises a split ring  215  mounted in a cage  216 . In this case the cage  216  has two shoulders  219  and  220  and the split ring  215  has a cylindrical inside bore  217  fitted with a singular circular tooth  218 . The split ring  215  also includes a catch  221  cantilevered out forwardly facing the shoulder  219  of the cage  216 . The catch  221  has a rounded end and the shoulder  220  has a ramp-forming shoulder for engaging said end. 
     On initial coupling of the tube  7  to the rigid endpiece, the tube  7  is inserted inside the banding ring  214  as represented by arrow F in FIG.  6 . The outside surface of the tube slides against the tooth  218 , thereby entraining the split ring  215  towards the shoulder  220  of the cage  216 . Since the contact surface between the ring  215  and the cage  216  is conical, this axial displacement is accompanied by enlargement of the split ring  215  under the effect of its own resilience, thereby facilitating passage of the tube  7  and avoiding the outside surface thereof being marked by the tooth  218 . After the tube  7  has been fully inserted inside the female part of the device, any extraction force applied to the tube  7  as symbolized by arrow G in FIG.  7  and due either to the tube  7  being put under pressure or to manually exerted force entrains the ring  215  together with the tube  7  by cooperation between the tooth  218  and the outside surface of the tube. When the cage  216  comes into abutment against the locking ring  15 , the rounded end of the catch  221  slides over the chamfer of the shoulder  219  and the catch  221  deforms elastically. Once the catch  221  has gone past the shoulder  219  it springs back under the effect of its own elasticity into its free position. Simultaneously, since the contact surface between the ring and its cage is conical, axial displacement of the ring  215  is accompanied by tightening of the ring, thereby reinforcing the retention of the ring  215  on the tube  7 . The banding ring  214  is then in a configuration shown in FIG.  7 . When the extraction force on the tube  7  is interrupted, the resilience of the split ring  15  tends to return it towards the shoulder  220 . However, the catch  221  now constitutes an abutment against axial sliding of the ring  215  in this direction, as shown in FIG.  8 . Thus, the split ring  215  continues to be clamped on the tube  7 , thereby ensuring retention on the banding ring  214  on the tube  7 , even when the assembly constituted by those two elements is extracted from the female part  1  of the device. 
     FIG. 9 shows a fragmentary view of a third embodiment of the banding ring. In this case the ring is given reference  314 , and as before it comprises a split ring  315  mounted inside a cage  316 , with the two rings having a contact surface that is substantially conical. The ring  315  has a cylindrical bore  317  fitted with two circular teeth  318 . In addition, the split ring  315  is also fitted in this case on its conical outside surface with a set of teeth  321 . In like manner, the conical inside surface of the cage  316  is fitted with a set of teeth  322  that co-operates with the set of teeth  321  on the split ring  315 . Any extraction force applied to tube  7 , as symbolized by arrow H in FIG. 9, entrains the ring  315  and tube  7  by the engagement of the teeth  318  with the outer surface of the tube  7 . 
     Thus, after the tube  7  has been fully inserted into the female part  1  of the device, any extraction force on said tube causes the split ring  315  to move axially inside the cage  316  and thus causes it to be tightened on the tube. Such axial displacement takes place by relative sliding between the set of teeth  321  and the set of teeth  322 , such that the displacement and thus the clamping of the ring  315  on the tube are not reversible. 
     The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but on the contrary it extends to any device that uses equivalent means to reproduce the essential characteristics specified above.