Abstract:
A projection lens for use with LCD panels is provided. The lens has two aspherical meniscus elements which are concave to each other and are located in the vicinity of the lens&#39; aperture stop and a color-correcting doublet which provides most of the positive optical power of the lens. The lens can also include an aspherical corrector lens element of weak optical power which is located on the side of the two meniscus elements opposite to the color correcting doublet.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PROVISIONAL APPLICATION 
     This application claims the benefit under 35 USC §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/016,469, filed Apr. 29, 1996. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to projection lenses and, in particular, to projection lenses which can be used, inter alia, to form an image of an object composed of pixels, such as, a liquid crystal display (LCD). 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Projection lens systems (also referred to herein as &#34;projection systems&#34;) are used to form an image of an object on a viewing screen. The basic structure of such a system is shown in FIG. 8, wherein 10 is a light source (e.g., a tungsten-halogen lamp), 12 is illumination optics which forms an image of the light source (hereinafter referred to as the &#34;output&#34; of the illumination system), 14 is the object which is to be projected (e.g., a matrix of on and off pixels of a LCD panel), and 13 is a projection lens, composed of multiple lens elements, which forms an enlarged image of object 14 on viewing screen 16. 
     Projection lens systems in which the object is a LCD or other pixelized panel are used in a variety of applications, including data display systems. Such projection lens systems preferably employ a single projection lens which forms an image of either a single panel having, for example, red, green, and blue pixels, or three individual panels, one for each color. For ease of reference, the following discussion will be in terms of a projection lens system that employs a single LCD panel, it being understood that the invention can also be used in systems which employ multiple panels and/or other types of pixelization. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
     Projection lenses for use with pixelized panels are described in various patents including Taylor, U.S. Pat. No. 4,189,211, Tanaka et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,042,929, Yano et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,473, Moskovich, U.S. Pat. No. 5,200,861, Moskovich, U.S. Pat. No. 5,218,480, Iizuka et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,278,698, Betensky, U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,330, and Yano, U.S. Pat. No. 5,331,462. Discussions of LCD systems can be found in Gagnon et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,425,028, Gagnon, U.S. Pat. No. 4,461,542, Ledebuhr, U.S. Pat. No. 4,826,311, and EPO Patent Publication No. 311,116. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The projection lenses of the invention comprise two strongly bent symmetrical aspherical meniscus elements which have their concave surfaces facing each other and are preferably of weak power, an aperture stop in the vicinity of the meniscus elements, e.g., between the meniscus elements, and a color correcting doublet of positive power in front of or behind these elements. 
     These projection lenses provide sufficient degrees of freedom to obtain a satisfactory correction of the aberrations of the lens. The aspherical meniscus elements provide most of the positive contribution to the spherical, coma and field curvature aberrations of the lens, and thereby offset the negative contributions to these aberrations arising from the strong power doublet. The color correcting doublet provides most of the power of the lens as well as a necessary correction of chromatic aberrations. Correction of astigmatism is achieved through the use of the aspherical surfaces in combination with the position of the aperture stop relative to the power group. A further improvement in the correction of distortion can be achieved by using additional aspherical elements, e.g., a corrector unit comprising one or more lens elements. 
     When the aspherical meniscus elements are arranged on the object side of the color correcting power doublet, the back focal length of the lens system tends to be about equal to or longer than the focal length of the system as a whole. On the other hand, when the power doublet is a leading component, the back focal length of the system tends to be quite short relative to the system&#39;s focal length, giving the system a telephoto ratio of approximately 1. 
     The focal length of the power doublet is always shorter than the absolute value of the focal length of each of the aspherical meniscus elements. The aspherical meniscus elements can be identical to each other. When made in plastic, the cost of these elements can be very low, and consequently, the whole lens can be manufactured economically in large quantities. 
     In summary, the invention in accordance with certain of its aspects provides a projection lens for forming an image of an object, wherein the lens comprises: 
     (a) two meniscus elements having focal lengths f 1  and f 2 , wherein the meniscus elements are (i) concave to each other and (ii) located in the vicinity of the aperture stop, each meniscus element having at least one aspherical surface; and 
     (b) a color-correcting doublet having a focal length f 3  ; where: 
     (i) f 3  &gt;0; 
     (ii) f 3  &lt;|f 1  |; 
     (iii) f 3  &lt;|f 2  |; 
     (iv) the projection lens has an object side and an image side; and 
     (v) the two meniscus elements are on the object side of the projection lens and the color-correcting doublet is on the image side of the projection lens. 
     The projection lens can further comprise a corrector lens element which (i) has at least one aspherical surface, (ii) is of weak optical power, and (iii) is located on the object side of the projection lens. 
     In accordance with other aspects, the invention provides a projection lens for forming an image of an object, said lens having an aperture stop and consisting of: 
     (a) two meniscus elements having focal lengths f 1  and f 2 , said meniscus elements being (i) concave to each other and (ii) located in the vicinity of the aperture stop, each meniscus element having at least one aspherical surface; and 
     (b) a color-correcting doublet having a focal length f 3 , where: 
     f 3  &gt;0; 
     f 3  &lt;|f 1  |; and 
     f 3  &lt;|f 2  |. 
     In further aspects, the invention provides a projection lens for forming an image of an object, said lens having an aperture stop and consisting of: 
     (a) two meniscus elements having focal lengths f 1  and f 2 , said meniscus elements being (i) concave to each other and (ii) located in the vicinity of the aperture stop, each meniscus element having at least one aspherical surface; 
     (b) a color-correcting doublet having a focal length f 3 , where: 
     f 3  &gt;0; 
     f 3  &lt;|f 1  |; 
     f 3  &lt;|f 2  |; and 
     (c) a corrector lens element which has at least one aspherical surface and is of weak optical power; 
     said color correcting doublet and said corrector lens element being on opposite sides of said two meniscus elements. 
     In accordance with the foregoing aspects of the invention, the projection lens can have some or all of the following properties: 
     (1) the meniscus elements can each have a weak optical power; 
     (2) the meniscus elements can be identical; 
     (3) each meniscus element can have two aspherical surfaces; 
     (4) the aperture stop can be located between the two meniscus elements; and/or 
     (5) the color-correcting doublet can be closely spaced to the two meniscus elements. 
     When a corrector lens element is used, this element can have some or all of the following properties: 
     (1) the corrector lens element can have two aspherical surfaces; 
     (2) the corrector lens element can be closely spaced to the two meniscus elements; and/or 
     (3) f 1  and f 2  can have the same sign, the corrector lens element can have a focal length f CR , and the sign of f CR  can be opposite to the sign of f 1  and f 2 . 
     The invention also provides projection lens systems for forming an image of an object, wherein the system comprises: 
     (a) an illumination system comprising a light source and illumination optics which forms an image of the light source, said image of the light source being the output of the illumination system; 
     (b) a pixelized panel which comprises the object; and 
     (c) a projection lens of the type described above. 
     As illustrated in the examples set forth below, the lens system has a maximum speed of f/2.8 and a total angular coverage of approximately 50 degrees. 
     As also illustrated in the examples, the lens systems of the invention produce a magnified image of an object wherein the object, and thus the object side of the lens system, is associated with the system&#39;s short conjugate and the image, and thus the image side of the lens system, is associated with the system&#39;s long conjugate. In addition, the examples illustrate that the color correcting doublet comprises a positive crown element and a negative flint element. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a first projection lens constructed in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a second projection lens constructed in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a third projection lens constructed in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a fourth projection lens constructed in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a fifth projection lens constructed in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a sixth projection lens constructed in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of a seventh projection lens constructed in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an overall projection lens system in which the projection lens of the present invention can be used. 
     The foregoing drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute part of the specification, illustrate the preferred embodiments of the invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is to be understood, of course, that both the drawings and the description are explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIGS. 1 to 7 illustrate various projection lenses constructed in accordance with the invention. Corresponding prescriptions and optical properties appear in Tables 1 to 7, respectively. HOYA or SCHOTT designations are used for the glasses employed in the lens systems. Equivalent glasses made by other manufacturers can be used in the practice of the invention. Industry acceptable materials are used for the styrene and acrylic elements. 
     The aspheric coefficients set forth in the tables are for use in the following equation: ##EQU1## where z is the surface sag at a distance y from the optical axis of the system, c is the curvature of the lens at the optical axis, and k is a conic constant. 
     The abbreviations used in the tables are as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________EFL              effective focal lengthFVD              front vertex distancef/               f-numberENP              entrance pupilEXP              exit pupilBRL              barrel lengthOBJ HT           object heightMAG              magnificationSTOP             location of aperture stopIMD              image distanceOBD              object distanceOVL              overall length.______________________________________ 
    
     The designation &#34;a&#34; associated with various surfaces in the tables represents an aspheric surface, i.e., a surface for which at least one of D, E, F, G, H, or I in the above equation is not zero. The designation &#34;c&#34; represents a conic surface for which the k value in the above equation is not zero. The designation &#34;f&#34; represents a Fresnel lens surface. All dimensions given in the tables are in millimeters. The tables are constructed on the assumption that light travels from left to right in the figures. In actual practice, the viewing screen will be on the left and the LCD panel will be on the right, and light will travel from right to left. Surface 11 in Table 5 is an artificial stop which forces the system to be telecentric on the short conjugate side of the Fresnel lens; surface 6 in Table 7 is a vignetting surface. 
     Table 8 summarizes various properties of the lens systems of FIGS. 1-7. The &#34;overall focal length&#34; which appears in this table does not include the Fresnel lens for FIGS. 5-7 since that lens serves basically only to couple the lens system to the illumination optics. The &#34;distance between menisci&#34; values of the table are measured between the outer surfaces (vertices) of the facing menisci. The &#34;aperture stop position&#34; is the absolute value of the distance of the aperture stop from the central point of those outer surfaces. The &#34;corrector focal length&#34; is for the leading lens element of FIG. 2 and the trailing lens element of FIGS. 5-7. 
     Table 8 shows that the doublet is the strongest component of the system for all examples in that its focal length is shorter than the magnitude of the focal length of every other element in the system. The table also shows that except for Example 6, the menisci are of weak optical power, i.e., the ratio of the magnitude of the focal length of each meniscus to the overall focal length of the system is greater than 2.0. Similarly, the optical power of the corrector lens element, where used, is weak, i.e., the ratio of the magnitude of its focal length to the overall focal length of the system is also greater than 2.0. 
     The table further illustrates that the aperture stop is either located between the facing menisci (Examples 1-2 and 5-7) or in the vicinity thereof (Examples 3-4). Location between the menisci is preferred. The aperture stop is considered to be located within the vicinity of the menisci if the ratio of the magnitude of its distance from the central point of the outer surfaces of the menisci to the distance between those outer surfaces is less than 0.60 (Example 4) and preferably less than 0.55 (Example 3). 
     An examination of Tables 1-7 illustrates another preferred feature of the projection lenses of the invention, namely, the close spacing between the color-correcting doublet and the facing menisci, i.e., that spacing is preferably less than 0.3 times the overall focal length of the projection lens. Similarly, the corrector lens element, when used, is also preferably closely spaced to the facing menisci, i.e., that spacing is again preferably less than 0.3 times the overall focal length of the projection lens. 
     Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated, it is to be understood that a variety of modifications which do not depart from the scope and spirit of the invention will be evident to persons of ordinary skill in the art from the foregoing disclosure. 
     
                                           TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Lens DataSurf.                      Clear ApertureNo. Type        Radius              Thickness                     Glass Diameter__________________________________________________________________________1   a   30.0023              8.00000                     ACRYLIC                           44.872   a   24.9608              29.76190     37.563   a   -24.9608              8.00000                     ACRYLIC                           39.364   a   -30.0023              1.00000      45.805       -2875.5764              3.00000                     F2    51.166       52.1781              20.00000                     SK5   57.317       -54.3179              141.16060    58.89__________________________________________________________________________PUZ,1/10 Symbol Descriptiona-Polynomial asphereFocal Shift = -0.07359Even Polynomial AspheresSurf.No D      E      F      G      H      I__________________________________________________________________________1   1.2884E - 07      2.8838E - 09            -1.0091E - 11                    3.5519E - 14                          -6.8241E - 17                                  6.9094E - 202   1.3279E - 06     -3.2546E - 09             1.2088E - 11                    9.1703E - 14                          -4.8592E - 16                                  7.5718E - 193  -1.3279E - 06      3.2546E - 09            -1.2088E - 11                   -9.1703E - 14                           4.8592E - 16                                 -7.5718E - 194  -1.2884E - 07     -2.8838E - 09             1.0091E - 11                   -3.5519E - 14                           6.8241E - 17                                 -6.9094E - 20__________________________________________________________________________WAVELENGTHS0.54610     0.48000           0.64380      0.43580                            0.70652__________________________________________________________________________SYSTEM FIRST ORDER PROPERTIES  OBJ. HT: -762.00                 f/ 2.90 MAG: -0.0600  STOP: 4.66 after surface                 2. DIA: 36.640  EFL: 119.048            FVD: 210.923                      ENP: 11.4341  IMD: 141.161            BRL: 69.7619                      EXP: -105.441  OBD: -2031.87            OVL: 2242.79__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of ElementsElementSurfaceNumberNumbers Power    f&#39;     lpp    l&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1    1   2   -0.15806E - 02                 -632.68                        67.029 55.7662    3   4   -0.15806E - 02                 -632.68                        -55.766                               -67.0293    5   6   -0.12182E - 01                 -82.086                        1.8136 -0.32908E - 014    6   7    0.20672E - 01                 48.375 6.6194 -6.8909__________________________________________________________________________First-Order Properties of DoubletsElementSurfaceNumbersNumbers Power    f&#39;     lpp    l&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________3 4  5   7   0.10165E - 01                 98.379 15.342 1.0819__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of the LensZoom PositionNumber     Power       f&#39;     lpp    l&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________N/A        0.84000E - 02                  119.05 71.315 15.043__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________Lens DataSurf.                      Clear ApertureNo. Type       Radius Thickness                     Glass Diameter__________________________________________________________________________1   a  80.0000              10.00000                     ACRYLIC                           64.292   a  200.0000              0.50000      59.263   a  29.0511              8.00000                     ACRYLIC                           49.904   a  22.4661              29.59616     40.095   a  -22.4661              8.00000                     ACRYLIC                           34.576   a  -29.0511              0.50000      39.777      -234.1952              3.00000                     F2    41.078      44.3713              16.00000                     SK5   43.179      -44.3713              118.83699    44.97__________________________________________________________________________Symbol Descriptiona-Polynomial asphereFocal Shift = -0.70675Even Polynomial AspheresSurf.No D      E      F      G      H      I__________________________________________________________________________1  2.1107E - 06     -3.4815E - 10            2.0450E - 12                   6.8909E - 16                          -1.4974E - 18                                 1.1302E - 212   1.7984E - 06     1.0365E - 09            9.1578E - 13                   1.3971E - 15                          8.9705E - 19                                 -1.5435E - 213   2.5443E - 06     1.0338E - 09            -7.7806E - 12                   1.2923E - 14                          -7.8923E - 18                                 -6.2206E - 224  -3.9686E - 06     -9.4447E - 11            -1.5516E - 11                   -3.8312E - 14                          1.6654E - 16                                 -2.7211E - 195   3.9686E - 06     9.4447E - 11            1.5516E - 11                   3.8312E - 14                          -1.6654E - 16                                 2.7211E - 196   2.5443E - 06     -1.0338E - 09            7.7806E - 12                   -1.2923E - 14                          7.8923E - 18                                 6.2206E - 22__________________________________________________________________________WAVELENGTHS0.54610     0.48000           0.64380      0.43580                            0.70652__________________________________________________________________________SYSTEM FIRST ORDER PROPERTIES  OBJ. HT: -762.00                 f/ 2.90 MAG: -0.0600  STOP: 16.26 after surface                 4. DIA: 34.456  EFL: 118.996            FVD: 194.433                      ENP: 37.2862  IMD: 118.837            BRL: 75.5962                      EXP: -56.3663  OBD: -2029.88            OVL: 2224.32__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of ElementsElementSurfaceNumberNumbers Power    f&#39;     lpp    l&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1    1   2   0.38053E - 02                 262.79 -4.3433                               -10.8582    3   4   -0.29712E - 02                 -335.43                        39.483 30.5333    5   6   -0.29812E - 02                 -335.43                        -30.533                               -39.4834    7   8   -0.16799E - 01                 -59.528                        1.5466 -0.293025    8   9   0.24872E - 01                 40.206 5.3880 -5.3880__________________________________________________________________________First-Order Properties of DoubletsElementSurfaceNumberSNumbers Power    f&#39;     lpp    l&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________4 5  7   9   0.10446E - 01                 95.727 15.072 3.7477__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of the LensZoom PositionNumber     Power       f&#39;     lpp    l&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________N/A        0.84036E - 02                  119.00 72.381 -6.5921__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________Lens DataSurf.                        Clear ApertureNo.  Type  Radius           Thickness                   Glass                        Diameter__________________________________________________________________________1          39.1113           20.00000                   SK5  51.112          -109.9088           3.00000 F2   42.373          56.5025           0.02133      35.134    a     25.4140           8.00000 ACRYLIC                        33.395    a     25.0802           15.14509     27.516    a     -25.0802           8.00000 ACRYLIC                        27.327    a     -25.4140           71.84562     34.22__________________________________________________________________________Symbol Descriptiona - Polynomial asphereFocal Shift = -1.29081__________________________________________________________________________Even Polynomial AspheresSurf.No.   D     E     F     G     H     I__________________________________________________________________________4  9.3348E-06    6.1762E-10          1.3737E-10                -1.3591E-13                      -1.3300E-15                            6.5744E-185  1.6160E-05    9.7479E-08          -4.0004E-10                2.8906E-13                      1.6794E-14                            -2.5935E-176  -1.6160E-05    -9.7479E-08          4.0004E-10                -2.8906E-13                      -1.6794E-14                            2.5935E-177  -9.3348E-06    -6.1762E-10          -1.3737E-10                1.3591E-13                      1.3300E-15                            -6.5744E-18__________________________________________________________________________WAVELENGTHS0.54610   0.48000         0.64380   0.43580                       0.70652__________________________________________________________________________SYSTEM FIRST ORDER PROPERTIESOBJ. HT:  -762.00 f/ 2.90    MAG:                         -0.0600STOP:  1.48 after surface 2. DIA: 36.956EFL:   119.003 FVD:             126.012 ENP:                         16.9311IMO:   71.8456 BPL:             54.1664 EXP:                         -32.9660OBO:   -2109.55          OVL:             2235.56__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of Elements  SurfaceElement  Num-Number bers  Power  f&#39;     1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1      1 2   0.19480E-01               51.335 3.4715                          -9.75562      2 3   -0.16839E-01               -59.385                      1.2116                          -0.622883      4 5   0.17900E-02               558.66 -58.905                          -58.1314      6 7   0.17900E-02               558.66 58.131                          58.905__________________________________________________________________________First-Order Properties of DoubletsElement SurfaceNumbers Numbers          Power f&#39;     1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1   2   1 3    0.62383E-02                160.30 -26.132                           -34.869__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of the LensZoom PositionNumber      Power f&#39;      1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________N/A         0.84032E-02             119.00  -7.1680                         -53.007__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________Lens DataSurf.                        Clear ApertureNo.  Type  Radius           Thickness                   Glass                        Diameter__________________________________________________________________________1          36.9251           3.00000 F2   47.742          22.2592           15.00000                   SK5  40.353          49.2463           0.02133      36.534    a     25.5722           8.00000 ACRYLIC                        35.005    a     25.9015           18.73549     29.136    a     -25.9015           8.00000 ACRYLIC                        29.597    a     -25.5722           73.75932     36.28__________________________________________________________________________Symbol Descriptiona - Polynomial asphereFocal Shift = -1.45996__________________________________________________________________________Even Polynomial AspheresSurf.No.   D     E     F     G     H     I__________________________________________________________________________4  9.5718E-06    -5.4522E-09          1.4180E-10                -1.4316E-13                      -1.3364E-15                            5.5038E-185  1.5679E-05    9.1338E-08          -3.4546E-10                -3.4615E-13                      1.3504E-14                            -1.3390E-176  -1.5679E-05    -9.1338E-08          3.4546E-10                3.4615E-13                      -1.3504E-14                            1.3390E-177  -9.5718E-06    5.4522E-09          -1.4180E-10                1.4316E-13                      1.3364E-15                            -5.5038E-18__________________________________________________________________________WAVELENGTHS0.54610   0.48000         0.64380   0.43580                       0.70652__________________________________________________________________________SYSTEM FIRST ORDER PROPERTIESOBJ. HT:  -762.00 f/ 2.90    MAG:                         -0.0600STOP:  12.70 after surface 2. DIA: 39.268EFL:   119.000 FVD:             126.516 ENP:                         11.6502IMD:   73.7593 BRL:             52.7568 EXP:                         -38.8206OBD:   -2104.15          OVL:             2230.66__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of ElementsElementSurfaceNumberNumbers     Power  f&#39;   1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1    1  2 -0.10260E-01            -97.463                 5.0476                     3.04282    2  3 0.17568E-01            56.922                 -6.4433                     -14.2553    4  5 0.22169E-02            451.09                 -46.054                     -46.6474    6  7 0.22169E-02            451.09                 46.647                     46.054__________________________________________________________________________First-Order Properties of DoubletsElement SurfaceNumbers Numbers          Power f&#39;     1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1   2   1 3    0.55976E-02                178.65 -24.724                           -31.643__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of the LensZoom PositionNumber      Power f&#39;      1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________N/A         0.84034E-02             119.00  -1.8193                         -50.920__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________Lens DataSurf.                        Clear ApertureNo.  Type  Radius           Thickness                   Glass                        Diameter__________________________________________________________________________1          33.1198           15.00000                   SK5  43.452          -70.5388           3.00000 F2   39.473          64.9694           0.20000      34.974    a     22.3871           6.00000 ACRYLIC                        32.195    a     18.0073           18.43017     26.676    a     -18.0073           6.00000 ACRYLIC                        25.457    a     -22.3871           0.50000      31.448          -300.0000           6.00000 ACRYLIC                        37.279    a     -94.4823           59.52572     40.1410   a f   75.0000           3.00000 ACRYLIC                        90.3011         ∞           -9999.99902  90.4312         ∞           10009.94644  4285.85__________________________________________________________________________Symbol Descriptiona - Polynomial aspheref - FresnelFocal Shift = -1.00766__________________________________________________________________________Even Polynomial AspheresSurfNo.   D     E     F     G     H     I__________________________________________________________________________4  8.8261E-06    -6.3031E-08          5.0057E-10                -7.7626E-13                      -3.3165E-15                            1.2365E-175  1.4180E-05    -1.0090E-07          1.0531E-09                9.3555E-13                      -3.9394E-14                            1.4740E-166  -1.4180E-05    1.0090E-07          -1.0531E-09                -9.3555E-13                      3.9394E-14                            -1.4740E-167  -8.8261E-06    6.3031E-08          -5.0057E-10                7.7626E-13                      3.3165E-15                            -1.2365E-179  -1.9383E-06    1.0274E-09          7.0216E-13                -4.3876E-15                      -9.2113E-18                            2.7872E-2010 -1.7284E-07    -1.5754E-10          9.0633E-14                -2.3590E-17                      -2.3498E-20                            9.8370E-24__________________________________________________________________________WAVELENGTHS0.54610   0.48000         0.64380   0.43580                       0.70652__________________________________________________________________________SYSTEM FIRST ORDER PROPERTIESOBJ. HT:  -762.00 f/ 2.90    MAG:                         -0.0600STOP:  11.16 after surface 2. DIA: 31.920EFL:   119.007 FVD:             127.604 ENP:                         22.9392IMD:   10009.9 BRL:             -9882.34                     EXP:                         9760.21OBD:   -2018.64          OVL:             2146.25__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of ElementsElement  SurfaceNumber Numbers        Power  f&#39;    1pp    1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1      1 2   0.24830E-01               40.274                     3.1827 -6.77852      2 3   -0.18610E-01               -53.735                     0.95345                            -0.878173      4 5   -0.29354E-02               -340.67                     37.522 30.1814      6 7   -0.29354E-02               -340.67                     -30.181                            -37.5225      8 9   0.36148E-02               276.64                     5.8072 1.82896      10    11  0.65837E-02               151.89                     0.00000E + 00                            -2.0083__________________________________________________________________________First-Order Properties of DoubletsElement SurfaceNumbers Numbers         Power  f&#39;     1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1   2   1 3   0.97931E-02                102.11 -11.511                           -20.483__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of the LensZoom PositionNumber      Power f&#39;      1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________N/A         0.84029E-02             119.01  83.807                         9884.8__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 6__________________________________________________________________________Lens DataSurf.                        Clear ApertureNo.  Type  Radius           Thickness                   Glass                        Diameter__________________________________________________________________________1          29.1621           17.00000                   SK18 45.892          -139.4548           3.00000 F2   39.893          26.9691           0.50000      30.204    a     26.5557           6.00000 ACRYLIC                        29.725    a     32.7898           13.49087     26.026    a     -32.7898           6.00000 ACRYLIC                        26.607    a     -26.5557           1.00000      30.848    a     -23.0582           9.00000 ACRYLIC                        31.499    a     -30.5640           59.03559     39.9810   cf    61.9388           3.00000 ACRYLIC                        110.7511         ∞           9.99761      110.60__________________________________________________________________________Symbol Descriptiona - Polynomial aspherec - Conic sectionf - FresnelFocal Shift = -1.11420__________________________________________________________________________Conics    Surface    Number        Constant__________________________________________________________________________    10  -1.2035E + 00__________________________________________________________________________Even Polynomial AspheresSurf.No.   D     E     F     G     H     I__________________________________________________________________________4  1.3240E-05    -5.5822E-08          5.4959E-10                -8.6016E-13                      -3.1443E-15                            1.4241E-175. 2.6931E-05    -6.9112E-08          1.0553E-09                -1.2398E-12                      -1.7533E-14                            8.7717E-176  -2.6931E-05    6.9112E-08          -1.0553E-09                1.2398E-12                      1.7533E-14                            -8.7717E-177  -1.3240E-05    5.5822E-08          -5.4959E-10                8.6016E-13                      3.1443E-15                            -1.4241E-178  4.8903E-06    -4.3360E-08          9.8937E-11                5.1194E-14                      -1.7310E-15                            2.3803E-189  -3.0755E-06    -3.1743E-09          -3.9576E-11                7.3867E-14                      -4.2264E-17                            -1.9105E-19__________________________________________________________________________WAVELENGTHS0.54610   0.48000         0.64380   0.43580                       0.70652__________________________________________________________________________SYSTEM FIRST ORDER PROPERTIESOBJ. HT:  -916.40 f/ 2.90    MAG:                         -0.0600STOP:  10.29 after surface 2. DIA 28.290EFL:   119.000 FVD:             128.024 ENP:                         26.3928IMD:   9.99761 BRL:             118.026 EXP:                         -331.152OBD:   -1999.20          OVL:             2127.22__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of ElementsElementSurfaceNumberNumbers      Power  f&#39;    1pp     1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1    1 2   0.25541E-01             39.152                   1.8648  -8.91772    2 3   -0.27807E-01             -35.962                   1.5372  -0.297283    4 5   0.46598E-02             214.60                   -12.980 -16.0284    6 7   0.46598E-02             214.60                   16.028  12.9805    8 9   -0.31745E-02             -315.01                   -30.662 -40.6436    10  11  0.79720E-02             125.44                   0.00000E + 00                           -2.0083__________________________________________________________________________First-Order Properties of DoubletsElement SurfaceNumbers Numbers          Power f&#39;     1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1   2   1 3    0.51599E-02                193.80 -54.477                           -52.049__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of the LensZoom PositionNumber      Power f&#39;      1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________N/A         0.84034E-02             119.00  103.14                         -115.03__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 7__________________________________________________________________________Lens DataSurf.                        Clear ApertureNo.  Type Radius          Thickness                   Glass                        Diameter__________________________________________________________________________1         30.7661          19.80000 SK18 41.402         -58.5206          3.30000  F2   35.613         37.2142          Space 1       29.594    a    40.6518          6.60000  ACRYLIC                        29.145    a    34.9013          6.62246       25.026         ∞          6.62246       29.377    a    -34.9013          6.60000  ACRYLIC                        31.718    a    -40.6518          0.60000       42.199    a    -52.8199          10.00000 ACRYLIC                        45.4810   a    -48.2409          Space 2       50.6811   cf   55.0000          3.00000  ACRYLIC                        112.3012        ∞          Image distance                        112.13__________________________________________________________________________Symbol Descriptiona - Polynomial aspherec - Conic sectionf - Fresnel__________________________________________________________________________Conics   Surface Number           Constant__________________________________________________________________________   11      -1.5284E + 00__________________________________________________________________________Even Polynomial AspheresSurf.No.   D     E     F     G     H     I__________________________________________________________________________4  5.6499E-07    1.0989E-08          -2.5366E-11                6.6086E-14                      -2.9414E-16                            6.0750E-195  1.2882E-05    3.6695E-09          2.5220E-10                -5.7330E-13                      -1.4211E-15                            1.0348E-177  -1.2882E-05    -3.6695E-09          -2.5220E-10                5.7330E-13                      1.4211E-15                            -1.0348E-178  -5.6499E-07    -1.0989E-08          2.5366E-11                -6.6086E-14                      2.9414E-16                            -6.0750E-199  -2.4565E-06    -3.8370E-09          1.3708E-11                3.4604E-15                      -5.1456E-17                            3.4596E-2010 -7.0933E-06    -1.4066E-09          -8.6822E-12                9.4656E-16                      1.8208E-19                            -2.1320E-20__________________________________________________________________________Variable SpacesZoom     Space 1        Space 2   Focal                      ImagePos.     T(3)        T(10)     Shift                      Distance__________________________________________________________________________1        1.100        52.725    0.146                      9.9992        0.900        48.200    0.358                      10.0323        1.300        60.500    -0.140                      9.993__________________________________________________________________________WAVELENGTHS0.54610   0.48000         0.64380   0.43580                       0.70652__________________________________________________________________________SYSTEM FIRST ORDER PROPERTIES, POS 1OBJ. HT:  -916.40   f/ 2.90   MAG:                         -0.0600STOP:  -2.43 after surface 5. DIA: 27.159EFL:   119.000   FVD:               126.969                      ENP:                         26.3422IMD:   9.99931   BRL:               116.970                      EXP:                         -393.868OBD:   -1992.70  OVL:               2119.67__________________________________________________________________________SYSTEM FIRST ORDER PROPERTIES, POS 2OBJ. HT:  -2291.1   f/ 2.82   MAG:                         -0.0240STOP:  -2.43 after surface 5. DIA: 26.751EFL:   114.312   FVD:               122.277                      ENP:                         25.9078IMD:   10.0317   BRL:               112.245                      EXP:                         -315.825OBD:   -4777.58  OVL:               4899.85__________________________________________________________________________SYSTEM FIRST ORDER PROPERTIES, POS 3OBJ. HT:  -458.20   f/ 3.15   MAG:                         -0.1200STOP:  -2.43 after surface 5. DIA: 26.834EFL:   127.815   FVD:               134.938                      ENP:                         26.7790IMD:   9.99319   BRL:               124.945                      EXP:                         -625.681OBD:   -1064.68  OVL:               1199.62__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of ElementsElement  SurfaceNumber Numbers        Power  f&#39;    1pp    1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1      1 2   0.29047E-01               34.427                     4.5512 -8.65692      2 3   -0.27798E-01               -35.974                     1.2258 -0.779533      4 5   -0.12420E-02               -805.14                     50.329 43.2104      7 8   -0.12420E-02               -805.14                     -43.210                            -50.3295      9 10  0.15279E-02               654.50                     44.847 40.9606      11    12  0.89778E-02               111.39                     0.00000E + 00                            -2.0083__________________________________________________________________________First-Order Properties of DoubletsElement  SurfaceNumbers  Numbers          Power f&#39;    1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1   2    1 3   0.92286E-02                108.36                      -25.217                          -31.885__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of GroupsGroupSurfaceNumberNumbers      Power  f&#39;     1pp    1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1    1 3   0.92286E-02             108.36 -25.217                           -31.8852    4 10  -0.63514E-03             -1574.5                    -126.19                           -173.513    11  12  0.89778E-02             111.39 0.00000E + 00                           -2.0083__________________________________________________________________________First Order Properties of the LensZoom PositionNumber      Power f&#39;       1pp 1&#39;pp__________________________________________________________________________1           0.84033E-02             119.00   109.63                          -116.292           0.87480E-02             114.31   99.733                          -107.383           0.78238E-02             127.82   128.27                          -133.02__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 8__________________________________________________________________________Doublet    Meniscus 1          Meniscus 2                Corrector                     Overall                         Distance                              ApertureExampleFocal    Focal Focal Focal                     Focal                         Between                              StopNumberLength    Length          Length                Length                     Length                         Menisci                              Position__________________________________________________________________________1    98.38    -632.68          -632.68    119.05                         45.76                              10.222    95.73    -335.43          -335.43                262.79                     119.00                         45.60                              1.463    160.30    558.66          558.66     119.00                         31.15                              17.124    178.65    451.09          451.09     119.00                         34.74                              19.695    102.11    -340.67          -340.67                276.64                     119.01                         30.43                              7.266    193.80    214.60          214.60                -315.01                     119.00                         25.49                              5.967    108.36    -805.14          -805.14                654.50                     119.00                         26.44                              9.05__________________________________________________________________________