Abstract:
A test apparatus for an evaporative emission system includes a source of pressure (positive or negative), a sensor for sensing the pressure generated in the evaporative emission system, and an ECU which controls the operation of the source of pressure and receives signals from the sensor reporting the pressure in the vehicle evaporative emission system over time. The ECU compares the sensed data with the stored data representing standard baseline sample vehicles without any leaks to determine the presence of a leak in the evaporative emission system.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application entitled “Evaporative Emission System Test Apparatus and Method of Testing an Evaporative Emission System,” having Ser. No. 60/880,756, and filed on Jan. 16, 2007. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention is directed toward a test apparatus for an automotive evaporative emission system as well as a method of testing the automotive evaporative emission system. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Automotive vehicles include fuel delivery systems having a fuel tank and fuel delivery lines. The fuel delivery lines typically include a plurality of conduits and associated connections operatively interconnecting the fuel tank with an internal combustion engine. A fuel pump is used to deliver the fuel under pressure from the tank to the engine via the fuel delivery lines. Many automotive vehicles are powered using gasoline as fuel. Gasoline is a volatile substance that generates gasses that, if untreated, are harmful to the environment. These gasses are generally referred to as evaporative emissions. Because they are gasses, these emissions can escape from the fuel system even through very small orifices that may present themselves throughout the fuel delivery system. Accordingly, various governmental authorities in countries throughout the world have long mandated that automotive vehicles include systems for preventing the release into the atmosphere of untreated or un-combusted fuel vapor generated in the fuel delivery system. 
         [0006]    Thus, gasoline powered automotive vehicles typically include evaporative emission control systems that are designed to effectively deal with the evaporative emissions. Such systems typically include a vapor canister operatively connected in fluid communication with the fuel tank and the intake of the internal combustion engine. The vapor canister typically includes carbon or some other absorbent material that acts to trap the volatile evaporative emissions generated by the fuel system. A canister purge valve controls the flow of evaporative emissions between the canister and the intake of the engine. In turn, the operation of the canister purge valve is typically controlled by an onboard computer, such as the engine control module, or the like. During normal vehicle operation, and subject to predetermined operational characteristics, the canister purge valve is opened to subject the vapor canister to the negative pressure of the engine intake manifold. This purges the vapor canister of trapped gaseous emissions, effectively regenerating the canister so that it may absorb additional vapor. 
         [0007]    During vehicle shutdown, the canister purge valve is closed and the evaporative emissions generated in the fuel system are routed from the fuel tank to the vapor canister where they are absorbed and stored for later purging as described above. During vehicle shutdown, the fuel system is effectively sealed from the ambient environment. 
         [0008]    In addition to conventional evaporative emission control systems as described above, many governmental authorities have further mandated that these systems have self-diagnostic capabilities to determine if any leaks are present in the closed fuel system. As public concern over pollution has risen, some governmental authorities have promulgated tougher standards for automotive evaporative emission control systems. For example, the California Air Resource Board (CARB) now requires evaporative emission systems to detect leaks as small as 0.020 inches in diameter. In an effort to comply with these and other standards, there have been a number of evaporative emission systems and methods of operating same that are calculated to detect leaks as small as or smaller than  0 . 020  inches diameter. Many of these systems employ sensors adapted to detect the presence of a vacuum that is naturally generated in the emission space of the fuel tank after shutdown and after the fuel system has cooled. Other known evaporative emission systems employ positive pressure to test the sealed integrity of the fuel system. On-board diagnostic evaporative emission systems of the type proposed in the related art have generally worked for their intended purposes. 
         [0009]    However, the strict standards promulgated by some governmental authorities have presented other problems during the manufacturing phase of the automotive vehicle. More specifically, certain governmental standards require original equipment manufacturers (OEM) to test the evaporative emission control systems and their associated diagnostic capabilities on at least a statistical sampling basis. In an automotive manufacturing environment, time is a precious commodity. The feasibility of any test within an automotive plant environment is strongly dependant upon the cycle time required for the test and by the flexibility of the integration of any testing procedures and equipment with the vehicle build process. This effort is further complicated by the fact that fuel systems must be tested intact. Thus, under current manufacturing processes, such tests often occur after final assembly of the fuel system and after the vehicles have been at least partially fueled. These procedures are commonly known in the art as “wet tests.” Alternatively, it is also known to test the evaporative emission control system prior to any fueling by, for example, charging the fuel system with a visible gas. This approach is known as a “smoke test” or “dry test.” Unfortunately, many of the currently available equipment and methods designed to detect leaks as small as 0.20 inches in diameter can take twenty to forty-five minutes or longer. Long test cycle times effectively preclude the opportunity to test every vehicle. Tests that are conducted on a statistical sampling basis still slow down the manufacturing process and result in increased manufacturing costs. 
         [0010]    In view of these challenges, it is also known to delay evaporative emission control system testing until some time downstream in the vehicle delivery/sales process. For example, it has been proposed to conduct such tests at the dealership and before the vehicle is delivered to the end user. Unfortunately, the cost associated with downstream testing of the evaporative emission control system, especially in the event of a failure, further increases the cost to the manufacturer of the vehicle. 
         [0011]    Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for a test apparatus designed to quickly and cost-effectively test the evaporative emission control system of an automotive vehicle. Furthermore, there remains a need in the art for such an apparatus that can be used to dry test the evaporative emission control system in low cycle times. In addition, there remains a need in the art for such an apparatus that can be operated under these conditions to quickly detect leaks as small as 0.20 inches diameter. There also remains a need in the art for such an apparatus that is light-weight, portable and that may be operated by a single technician in an automotive manufacturing environment. Finally, there remains a need in the art for an improved method of testing an automotive evaporative emission control system in a way that facilitates low cost, low cycle times, and convenience during the vehicle build process. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0012]    The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the related art in a test apparatus for an automotive evaporative emission system. The test apparatus includes a source of pressure adapted to generate a pressure in the vehicle&#39;s evaporative emission system that is different from the ambient pressure. A sensor is employed to sense the pressure generated in the evaporative emission system. An electronic control unit controls the operation of the source of pressure and receives signals from the sensor reporting the pressure of the vehicle&#39;s evaporative emission system over time. The electronic control unit further compares the sensed pressure data with stored data representing standard baseline for sample vehicles without any leaks to determine the presence of a leak in the vehicle&#39;s evaporative emission system. A method of testing the automotive evaporative emission system is also disclosed. 
         [0013]    The present invention is also directed toward a method for testing a vehicle evaporative emission system including the step of providing a source of pressure to the vehicle&#39;s evaporative emission system that is different from the ambient pressure and sensing the status of the pressure in the evaporative emission system over time. In addition, the method includes the step of comparing the sensed data with stored data representing standard baseline pressures for vehicles without leaks to determine the presence of a leak in the evaporative emission system. 
         [0014]    In this way, the test apparatus of the present invention provides a quick and cost-effective dry test of an evaporative emission control system for an automotive vehicle in very low cycle times. In addition, the test apparatus of the present invention may be employed to detect leaks smaller than the government regulated  0 . 020  inches diameter. The test apparatus of the present invention achieves these results while remaining light-weight and portable. Thus, the test apparatus of the present invention may be operated by a single technician in an automotive manufacturing environment. Finally, the test apparatus of the present invention as well as the method of testing an evaporative emission system of the present invention facilitates low cost, low cycle time, and convenience during the vehicle build process. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0015]    Other advantages of the invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
           [0016]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram schematically illustrating the test apparatus of the present invention; and 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the evaporative test program of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0018]    Referring now to the figures, a test apparatus for an automotive evaporative emission system is generally indicated at  10  in the schematic drawing of  FIG. 1 . The apparatus  10  includes an evaporative pneumatic assembly  12  that is operatively controlled by an electronic control unit, generally indicated at  14 . A pump battery pack, generally indicated at  16 , is electrically connected to the evaporative pneumatic assembly  12  as will be described in greater detail below. Each of the evaporative pneumatic assembly  12 , the electronic control unit  14 , and the pump battery pack  16  are in either electrical or fluid communication with an outside connector and fitting bulkhead plate  18  as will be described in greater detail below. Each of these components is also encased in a soft case enclosure, schematically illustrated by the phantom lines at  20 . The soft case design allows a “scratch proof” unit to be used in testing vehicles. The case  20  may also enclose high density foam packing that provides flexible and cost-effective mounting of the components described above. However, from the description that follows, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that these components may be encased or otherwise housed in any suitable structure and that the exact physical characterization of the housing has no effect on the scope of the present invention. 
         [0019]    The test apparatus  10  of the present invention also includes a hose and vehicle tank plug, schematically illustrated at  22 . In its operative environment, the vehicle tank plug is mounted to the vehicle fuel filler neck in place of the fuel cap. The hose extends between the vehicle tank plug and a pneumatic fitting  24  presented by the outside connector and fitting bulkhead plate  18 . In this way, the test apparatus  10  of the present invention is operatively connected to the fuel system, and thus the evaporative emission control system, of the automotive vehicle. 
         [0020]    The evaporative pneumatic assembly  12  includes a source of pressure  26  that is in fluid communication with the pneumatic fitting  24  on the bulkhead plate  18  and thus the hose and vehicle tank plug  22  via a pneumatic fitting  28  on the evaporative pneumatic assembly  12  and a conduit or the like  30  extending between the pneumatic fitting  28  and the bulkhead  18 . The source of pressure  26  is employed to generate a pressure in the vehicle&#39;s evaporative emission system which is different from the ambient pressure. As explained in greater detail below, in one preferred embodiment, the source of pressure  26  is employed to generate a negative pressure relative to the ambient pressure. However, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from the description that follows that the source of pressure  26  may also be employed to generate a positive pressure relative to the ambient. A vacuum sensor  32  and shutoff valve  34  are operatively interconnected in fluid communication between the source of pressure  26  and the hose and vehicle tank plug  22  via the pneumatic fittings  24  and  28  as well as the conduit  30 . A relief valve and filter  36  are interposed between the source of pressure  26  and the shutoff valve  34 . The relief valve and filter  36  act to protect the vacuum sensor  32  from damage if the conduit  30  is damaged, clogged or for any reason is obstructed from normal volumetric flow that results in the vacuum levels at the pressure sensor  32  that exceed normal predetermined levels. 
         [0021]    In the preferred embodiment, the source of pressure may include a vacuum pump  26 . More specifically, the vacuum pump  26  may include a DC powered rotary vein pump having a capacity of, for example, sixteen liters per minute. The use of a rotary vein pump provides consistent volumetric flow rates throughout the life of the pump. This characteristic eliminates calibration drift caused by wear of the pump. The vacuum pump  26  may be powered using off-the-shelf commercially available batteries. This results in lower system costs for both the test assembly  10  and any battery re-charging units. Moreover, the use of a rotary vein pump provides consistent volumetric flow rates through a wide range of battery voltages as the DC battery discharges. However, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are numerous types of pumps which have a sufficient capacity to be employed in the test apparatus  10  of the present invention. Accordingly, it will be appreciated from the description herein that the invention is in no way limited to the particular type of pump employed herein. 
         [0022]    In the preferred embodiment, the shutoff valve  34  may include a normally closed, DC powered, ¼ inch latching isolation valve. The shutoff valve  34  mechanically “isolates” the evaporative system under test from the tester pump as will be described in greater detail below. Thus, the vacuum pump  26  is not required to be “backwards leak proof.” Because the shutoff valve  34  is normally closed, power is only required from the DC battery for a short period of time during pump down, which typically lasts about five seconds. Moreover, where a latching valve is employed for the shutoff valve  34 , current is only required to unseat the valve. The valve then holds its position without the need of power draw from the DC auxiliary battery. This extends the life of the battery operation system. At the same time, however, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are many different types of valves which may be suitable for this purpose. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the present invention is in no way limited to the particular type of valve preferred by the inventors in this case. 
         [0023]    In the preferred embodiment, the vacuum sensor  32  may include a differential pressure sensor adapted to sense pressures between −3 inches of water to +3 inches of water. Those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to a differential pressure sensor. However, it should be noted that in the operative environment contemplated for the test apparatus  10  of the present invention, the use of a differential pressure sensor (versus an absolute pressure sensor) ensures that the calibration does not drift with changes in atmospheric pressure. This feature reduces the maintenance required to maintain the test apparatus  10 , which ultimately lowers the cost of the operation of the test apparatus  10 . In addition, a differential pressure sensor having a small range of −3 to +3 inches of water ensures very high signal-to-noise ratios within the typical operating range of the vehicle&#39;s natural vacuum system. This allows a test of the automotive evaporative emission control system to be conducted in a minimum amount of time with the maximum amount of accuracy. 
         [0024]    The evaporative pneumatic assembly  12  may also include a cooling fan  38  that is likewise powered by the pump battery pack  16 . In the preferred embodiment, the pump battery pack  16  includes a four cell lithium poly battery pack. The use of a four cell pack provides approximately 14.4 volts which is ideal for both the operation of the vacuum pump  26  as well as the shutoff valve  34 . Moreover, this feature facilitates the use of off-the-shelf  12 -volt rated components that are easily operated at all ranges of battery discharge without the need for a voltage regulator. Since no voltage regulator is required for the operation of the test apparatus  10  of the present invention, the evaporative pneumatic assembly  10  does not expel heat associated with voltage regulation. By powering the vacuum pump and shutoff valve directly, the apparatus  10  also does not expend additional power from the battery pack  16  that would be associated with a voltage regulator. The use of lithium poly battery technology provides the highest current with the lowest size and weight requirements for the apparatus  10  of the present invention. This facilitates the reduction in the size and weight of the apparatus. Moreover, lithium poly battery technology and its associated charging components are available “off-the-shelf” and thus provide cost-effective solutions to the recharging issue. Nevertheless, from the description set forth herein, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be practiced using any battery technology now known or invented in the future. 
         [0025]    The evaporative pneumatic assembly  12  also includes an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter  40  having an input output board that is used to electrically interface between the electronic control unit  14  and the vacuum pump  26  as well as a shutoff valve  34 . A motor control relay  42  may be electrically interposed between the analog-to-digital converter  40  and the vacuum pump  26 . The motor control relay  42  is also electrically connected between the pump batter pack  16  and the vacuum pump  26 . In the preferred embodiment, the motor control relay may include a solid state DC relay. The use of a solid state relay eliminates the need for fly back diodes and other protective circuitry associated with mechanical relays. Moreover, solid state relays consume very little power when operated which extends the operation time of the test apparatus on a single battery charge. In addition, solid state relays provide very little voltage drop when operating the pump  26  and shutoff valve  34  which further contributes to long operation time between charges. In addition, the use of a single solid state relay for both the vacuum pump  26  and the shutoff valve  34  simplifies the circuit and the software associated with operating the test apparatus  10  of the present invention. In a similar way, the differential vacuum sensor  32  is operatively controlled by the electronic control unit  14  through the A/D converter  40 . 
         [0026]    In the preferred embodiment, the electronic control unit  14  may include either an itronix tablet PC or ruggedized CE device. Either of these devices is preferred because both are sealed. No air flows into these devices for cooling. This can be important where the air in assembly plants is very oily or dirty. In the absence of a sealed electronic control unit, it may become fouled. In addition, the use of a sealed electronic control unit  14  prevents issues caused by condensation or any external moisture entering the control unit and damaging it. In one embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the electronic control unit  14  includes a pair of USB ports  46 ,  48 . The USB port  46  is operatively connected to the A/D converter  40  through other appropriate connectors and cables schematically illustrated at  50 . The electronic control unit  14  is further electronically connected to the outside connector and fitting bulkhead plate  18  through USB port  48  at electrical connector schematically illustrated at  52 . The electronic control unit may also include a cooling fan  54 . 
         [0027]    The outside connector and fitting bulkhead plate  18  provides effective interface between the test assembly  10  of the present invention and any external components. To this end, the bulkhead plate  18  may include a battery charging power connector  56  that facilitates connection with a smart battery charger unit  58 . The bulkhead plate may also include a USB connector schematically illustrated at  60  which is employed to interface with a barcode scanner  62 . The barcode scanner  62  may be employed to read important information concerning the vehicle being tested. In addition, the bulkhead plate  18  may further provide an Ethernet connection  64  for further facilitating electronic communications between the test apparatus  10  and the electronic control unit  14 . 
         [0028]    The test apparatus  10  of the present invention may be employed during the automotive assembly process and before the vehicle has been fueled. Thus, the test apparatus  10  is particularly adapted for performing dry tests. In its operative mode, the tank plug  22  is placed in sealed communication with the opening of the fuel filler neck of a vehicle having an evaporative emission control system. The canister purge valve is closed and the vehicle evaporative emission system is essentially sealed or otherwise closed. The vacuum pump  26  is then actuated to draw a vacuum in the vehicle evaporative emission system. The vacuum sensor  32  senses the negative pressure generated in the vehicle evaporative emission system. When the vacuum has reached a predetermined level, the shutoff valve  34  is closed and the pump  26  is turned off. The relief valve  36  may be actuated in the event of a blockage or some other malfunction as a means of protecting the sensor  32  or vacuum pump  26 . 
         [0029]    Alternatively, and in addition to the process described above, the vacuum pump  26  may be employed to induce closure of the vehicle relief valve of the type that may be employed in some evaporative emission control systems known in the related art. More specifically, in at least one possible test scenario, the vacuum may be applied for approximately 5 seconds or until a negative pressure of −3 inches/H 2 O has been reached. The test procedure may then pause for 3 to 4 seconds for the vehicle pressure relief valve to “settle” before taking the next step in the process. The vacuum in the system is then monitored for approximately  30  seconds. The pressure data sensed by the sensor  32  is then stored in a log file by the ECU  14 . The log file may contain all decoded build information along with test status and all recorded sensor values. 
         [0030]    The ECU  14  also includes software that is used to create histograms. The histograms are essentially compilations of relevant data derived from a series of test vehicles. This data constitutes baseline information against which the production vehicles are measured. The baseline data may be filtered by plant, carline, tank size, and leak size. Average pressure values for pre-selected time slices are calculated for the sample, baseline vehicles. The standard deviation for the sample set is also calculated and stored in the histograms. A density curve is then developed for the sample vehicles. Vehicles of a predetermined gas tank size without induced leaks represent the sample set. A critical point is then established to compare the performance of the production vehicles with the average value of the sample set. In one possible test scenario, the average value for vehicles with an induced leak of 0.010 inches represents a “critical point.” Using this critical point, the difference between a “no leak” vehicle and a “0.010 in. leak” vehicle can be determined. A graph illustrating a leak differentiation comparison is disclosed below. 

 
         [0031]    The area under the density curve for a “no leak” vehicle between zero and the critical point can be calculated. This calculation may be conducted as follows: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               Accuracy 
                
               
                 ( 
                 
                   t 
                   0 
                 
                 ) 
               
             
             = 
             
               
                 ( 
                 
                   
                     ∮ 
                     NoLeak 
                   
                    
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         ( 
                         
                           
                             C 
                             p 
                           
                           - 
                           
                             μ 
                             NoLeak 
                           
                         
                         ) 
                       
                       
                         σ 
                         NoLeak 
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                 
                 ) 
               
               + 
               0.5000 
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
               C 
               p 
             
             = 
             Critical_Pt 
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
               μ 
               NoLeak 
             
             = 
             
               Avg_Value 
               NoLeak 
             
           
         
       
       
         
           
             
               σ 
               NoLeak 
             
             = 
             
               St_Dev 
               NoLeak 
             
           
         
       
     
         [0032]    Using the above calculations, the accuracy for detecting only the “no leak” vehicles for a given time is determined by measuring the area under the density curve for the sample mean to the critical point, and then adding 0.5000 to account for all values in the curve that are less than the sample mean. The calculation of the average under the density curve is made using a “Z table.” The area under the density curve for a given “Z value” may be determined as follows: 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             Z 
             = 
             
               
                 ( 
                 
                   
                     C 
                     p 
                   
                   - 
                   μ 
                 
                 ) 
               
               σ 
             
           
         
       
     
         [0033]    Where: 
         [0034]    CP=Critical_Pt 
         [0035]    μ=Avg_ValueNO LEAK 
         [0036]    σ=St_DevNO LEAK 
         [0037]    Using the calculations set forth above, the test apparatus  10  of the present invention is able to quickly, effectively, and accurately determine whether even small leaks may be present in an evaporative emission control system of production vehicles in under 30 seconds. Thus, there is no need for extended dry or wet tests. In addition, because of the speed with which the test may be employed, every vehicle in a production environment may be tested. 
         [0038]    A method of testing an evaporative emission system using the test apparatus  10  of the present invention may be further described with reference to the flowchart, generally indicated at  70  in  FIG. 2 . The method begins at  72  and proceeds to decision block  74  where it is determined whether a program-terminate command has been requested. If no such command has been requested, the method proceeds to decision block  76  where it is determined whether a scan of the vehicle has been initiated. If “yes,” all relevant information concerning the vehicle is scanned using a barcode scanner. If a scan has not been initiated, the method returns to decision block  74  to determine whether a command to terminate the program has been requested. The method then proceeds to block  78  where the limits for the scanned vehicle are identified. The limits referred to at this step in the method include the statistical limit between what is deemed a good vehicle, and what is deemed a vehicle with a leak of defined size. 
         [0039]    The method then advances to block  80  where the screen set up for the scanned vehicle is identified. The screen set up refers to navigation of the available vehicle configurations, and selection of the vehicle configuration resolved from the scan. The relevant faults that can be set for the vehicle scanned are then identified at block  82 . These faults may include faults incurred by the system operation, such as faulty operation of the test system, or faults defined by the customer as failures within the system tested for a leak. These faults are linked with the limits of what is deemed a system leak of defined size. A graph of vacuum versus time is then displayed as indicated at block  84  on the graphic user interface that may be associated with the electronic control unit  14  of the test apparatus  10 . The vacuum pump is then actuated as indicated at block  86  to draw a vacuum in the evaporative emission control system. Once this vacuum has been pulled, the initial vacuum present in the system is then determined as indicated at block  88 . The method then advances to the decision block  90  where it is determined whether the initial vacuum is greater than an upper limit. If the answer to this question is “no,” the method advances to decision block  92  where it is determined whether the initial vacuum is lower than the lower limit. If the answer to this inquiry is “no,” the method further advances to block  94  where the decay of any vacuum over time is analyzed. This step involves performing the calculations discussed above and comparing the results of this calculation with the baseline data stored on the electronic control unit  14 . The method then advances to decision block  96  where a determination is made whether the characteristics of the vehicle being tested are within statistical limits. If they are not, the method of the present invention determines that a small leak has occurred as indicated at block  98  and a small leak fault is then set. In the event of a small leak, the method further advances to the next step designated “A” and identified with reference numeral  100 . The results for the test performed over a calibrated amount of time are then displayed on the graphic user interface as indicated at block  102 . The method then proceeds to completion as indicated at  104 . If the characteristics of the vehicle being tested are within statistical limits as indicated at  96 , the method also advances to block A identified at reference numeral  100  and then the results are displayed on the graphic user interface as indicated at  102 . 
         [0040]    If a determination is made at decision block  90  that the initial vacuum is higher than the upper limit, the method proceeds to set a large leak fault as indicated at block  106 . Alternatively, if a determination is made at decision block  92  that the initial vacuum is lower than the lower limit, the method proceeds to set a vacuum line clogged fault as indicated at block  108 . In either circumstance identified in blocks  106  and  108 , the results of these determinations are displayed on the graphic user interface as indicated at  102  and the method proceeds to completion as indicated at  104 . 
         [0041]    In this way, the test apparatus  10  of the present invention provides a quick and cost-effective dry test of an evaporative emission control system for an automotive vehicle in very low cycle times. In addition, the test apparatus  10  of the present invention may be employed to detect leaks as small as 0.020 inches diameter. The test apparatus  10  of the present invention achieves these results while remaining lightweight and portable. Thus, the test apparatus  10  of the present invention may be operated by a single technician in an automotive manufacturing environment. Finally, the test apparatus  10  of the present invention as well as the method of testing an evaporative emission system of the present invention facilitates low cost, low cycle time, and convenience during the vehicle build process. 
         [0042]    The present invention has been described in an illustrative manner. It is to be understood that the terminology that has been used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation. Many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. Therefore, the present invention may be practiced other than as specifically described.