Abstract:
Methods, systems, and products are disclosed for exchanging healthcare communications. An electronic healthcare communication is received and categorized. The electronic healthcare communication is processed according to the categorization of the electronic healthcare communication. A transaction reply is selected when the categorization applies a sender rule. The transaction reply is routed to a non-participant communication device.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/353,126, filed Jan. 27, 2003, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,440,567, and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     This application relates to applicants&#39; co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/253,500, filed Sep. 24, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application also relates to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/335,453, filed Dec. 31, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
    
    
     NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTION 
     A portion of the disclosure of this patent document and its figures contain material subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, but the copyright owner otherwise reserves all copyrights whatsoever. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention generally relates to computer networks and to telephony. More particularly, this invention is directed to methods and systems for more efficient and effective communication of electronic healthcare data and communications within network-based systems and is also directed to related billing methods and systems. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     In Epidemics, Hippocrates wrote “[t]he art of medicine has three factors: the disease, the patient and the physician.” Were he writing today, the Father of Medicine would also likely include “access to healthcare information” as a fourth factor. Why? Because today&#39;s healthcare marketplace is driven by increasing pressure for cost controls, by the increased strength of the consumer voice, by a shift from hospital inpatient care towards primary, ambulatory, and home care, by an emphasis on “case management,” by increased competition, and by the focus on quality that is necessary for better patient care. This relentless drive to improve efficiencies and cut costs makes many traditional procedures inefficient. This relentless drive also presents great opportunities for healthcare professionals, organizations, patients, and others to enter into new types of multi-institution partnerships (e.g., strategic alliances between physician&#39;s offices, hospitals, clinics, labs, diagnostic centers, medical record repositories, insurers, patients, pharmaceutical and surgical suppliers, other vendors, etc.) that utilize many different computing systems and other communications technologies to manage and share electronic healthcare information. One of the biggest barriers facing these multi-institution partnerships is creating and maintaining a network-based system that manages efficient, effective, and secure access by participants and non-participants to standardized or otherwise compatible electronic healthcare information and communications (e.g., able to be presented over a variety of different software and hardware platforms). 
     Thousands, if not hundreds of thousands or more, of electronic documents, emails, and proprietary information are generated each day and shared among these multi-institution partnerships and non-participants. For example, a physician might order a complex lab test from the local hospital. Instead of waiting for the results to arrive by hand delivery, the physician&#39;s office may get online and request the test results via secure, encrypted email. The hospital&#39;s lab staff either manually attaches the lab result to a return email, or, in more advanced systems, the lab system responds automatically to the request and returns the results to a legacy system accessible by the physician. Another example is when a physician needs to admit a patient to the hospital. Instead of having the staff call the admission office and spend upwards of thirty (30) minutes talking and waiting on hold, the office sends the pre-admission information electronically, including patient record information and pre-admission orders to the hospital via an email attachment or directly to the hospital&#39;s legacy system. As used herein, the term “legacy system” or “legacy systems” includes data processing, storage, management, and information systems, communications devices, and other network components, such as, for example, databases of electronic patient health history, patient insurance information, demographic information, and physical records. Typically, each legacy system is customized in terms of software, hardware, and network configuration for each participant. Typically, each legacy system includes a network of multiple computer systems (e.g., personal computers, personal digital assistants, and other communications devices); however, the legacy system may also be a stand-alone computer system. 
     In the above examples, the shared healthcare information may be processed in a variety of ways. For example, the hospital may provide information to the physician by transmitting healthcare data over a Local Area Network (LAN) connection into a database on a web server. This healthcare information could then be transmitted to a computer system (e.g., personal computer or “PC”) of the physician&#39;s legacy system over a data connection, such as the Internet, Intranet or Extranet, or over a direct connection, such as dial up access, using push technology that automatically broadcasts the data to the physician&#39;s computer system and allows the physician to view the transmitted healthcare data using an appropriate software package, such as a browser, or by using an applet. While one of the goals of a network-based data and communications exchange system is to translate and reformat data and/or communications from a non-participant&#39;s communications device to a legacy system so that it is compatible with the legacy system, thus far, similar systems have been primarily limited to very specialized healthcare information, limited in the features and services offered between non-participant communications devices and a linked legacy system, limited to managing only a small portion (if at all) of each legacy system involved in the exchange, limited to participants of the multi-institutional partnership, and limited in providing integrated, network-based security features. 
     In addition to the challenges of implementing a successful, integrated network-based system that enables the exchange of electronic healthcare information and communications, most of the participants and non-participants must also comply with a variety of federal, state, local and other rules that protect the privacy and security of healthcare information associated with a patient. For example, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), signed into law by President Clinton on Aug. 21, 1996 (Pub. L. 104-191, 110 Stat. 1936), covers health plans, healthcare clearinghouses, and healthcare providers who conduct certain financial and administrative transactions (e.g., electronic billing and funds transfers) electronically. Providers (e.g., physicians, hospitals, etc.) and health plans are required to give patients a clear written explanation of how a covered entity may use and disclose a patient&#39;s healthcare information. Further, healthcare providers are required to obtain patient consent before sharing information for treatment, payment, and healthcare operations. In addition, HIPPA also requires that a provider adopt and implement privacy procedures to ensure the privacy and security of the healthcare information. 
     The above discussion illustrates how the sharing of healthcare information (including communications) and technology among multiple participants and non-participants is creating a new foundation for a virtual healthcare setting. With this emerging virtual healthcare setting, what are needed are improved network-based healthcare systems and methods that integrate communications infrastructures of each participant to build a secure, integrated, network-based system accessible by participants and non-participants to support different organizational needs and capitalize on emerging trends in the healthcare setting. Accordingly, integrated, network-based healthcare systems and methods are needed that enable sharing, transferring, and/or accessing standardized or otherwise compatible data and communications with multiple legacy systems by participants and non-participants. Further, a need exists to improve notification, access, and management of the electronically shared healthcare information and communications without investing millions of dollars in computer equipment, in a networking infrastructure, in maintenance, and in training while also complying with security, authenticity, and/or privacy requirements. Still further, a need exists for related billing methods and systems for sharing, transferring, and accessing the electronic healthcare data and communications within the integrated, network-based system. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The aforementioned problems and others are reduced by a healthcare virtual private network (VPN) that provides systems and methods for more efficient and effective communication of electronic healthcare data and communications within network-based systems. The healthcare VPN leverages the assets of a telecommunications network, a data network, and/or other communications network of a legacy system associated with each participant in a multi-institutional partnership to facilitate improved access, sharing, notification, security, and/or management of electronic healthcare data and communications exchanged between or among different legacy systems and between or among different communications devices of non-participants. Some advantages of healthcare VPN include increased ability to flexibly manage and categorize electronic healthcare data and/or communications that are exchanged with other participants and non-participants and provide faster access to electronic healthcare data and/or communications. In addition, the healthcare VPN utilizes proprietary network-based systems (depending on how a non-participant accesses the healthcare VPN) to reduce or prevent electronic healthcare data and/or communications from entering traffic in a public data network, such as the Internet. If electronic healthcare data and/or communications are routed over the data network, then the healthcare VPN may utilize encryption and/or other secure technologies to protect and keep private the contents of the data and/or communication for routing over the data network. 
     An embodiment of this invention describes a method that includes receiving an electronic healthcare communication to a network-based communications system, interpreting the electronic healthcare communication according to a rule-based engine to categorize the electronic healthcare data, and processing the electronic healthcare communication within a legacy system according to the category selected by the rule-based engine. The network-based communications system enables an exchange of the electronic healthcare communication and selected data between one or more networks of communications devices of participants to a legacy system and of non-participants. Further, the network-based communications system is associated with a telecommunications service provider. In a preferred embodiment, a rule-based application dataserver is used to categorize the electronic healthcare communication. The rule-based application dataserver allows a customer (e.g., a participant) to control access, sharing, notification, security, and/or management of electronic healthcare communication (including electronic healthcare data) exchanged between or among different legacy systems and/or between or among a legacy system and a non-participant communications device. Typically, the rule-based application dataserver is associated with a central office (“CO”), a mobile telephone switching center (“MTSO”), or a combination CO/MTSO. 
     Another embodiment describes a method of storing electronic healthcare data (including communications) to a database associated with a rule-based application dataserver of a network-based communications system, the rule-based application dataserver controlling access to and from a legacy system of the network-based communications system and allowing a participant associated with the legacy system to manage a rule-based engine associated with the rule-based application dataserver. The rule-based engine provides rules to interpret the electronic healthcare data by associating (1) an access agent, (2) a security agent, (3) a messaging/communications agent, (4) a transactional agent, and/or (5) a troubleshooting agent with the electronic healthcare data. Similar to above, the network-based communications system enables an exchange of the electronic healthcare communication and selected data between one or more networks of communications devices of participants to a legacy system and of non-participants. Further, the network-based communications system is associated and/or otherwise connected with a telecommunications service provider. 
     Another embodiment describes a method for establishing a first data connection between a non-participant communications device and a network-based communications system, establishing a second data connection between a legacy system and a network-based communications system, and communicating electronic healthcare data via the first data connection and the second data connection. The second data connection uses a rule-based application dataserver similar to above and comprises rules for categorizing electronic healthcare data according to at least one of the following: (1) data associated with an access agent, (2) data associated with a security agent, (3) data associated a messaging/communications agent, (4) data associated with a transactional agent, and (5) data associated with a troubleshooting agent. The dataserver is hosted by a telecommunications service provider to control access to and from the legacy system. 
     Another embodiment describes a system that includes a network of legacy systems, each legacy system comprising software, hardware, and networks, each legacy system further comprising a plurality of interconnected communications devices serviced by a telecommunications service provider and a rule-based application dataserver for managing the exchange of electronic healthcare data between a non-affiliated legacy communications device and at least one legacy system, the rule-based application dataserver provided by the telecommunications service provider. In a further embodiment, the system includes an application program installed in a communications device affiliated with the legacy system. The application program allows a participant to remotely manage a rule-based engine associated with the rule-based application dataserver. 
     Another embodiment provides a method for billing for an electronic healthcare communication. The method includes (1) receiving information related to an originating address of an electronic healthcare communication to a network-based communications system, the electronic healthcare communication associated with at least one legacy system of a participant, (2) receiving information related to a termination address, the termination address determined by processing the electronic healthcare communication according to a category selected by a rule-based engine similar to the rule-based engine above, (3) transmitting the originating address information to a billing network element of the network-based communications system, (4) transmitting the termination address to the billing network element of the network-based communications system, (5) completing the electronic healthcare communication to the termination address, (6) transmitting the processing information to the billing network element of the network-based communications system, (7) transmitting a call record to a billing database, and (8) billing the participant for completing the electronic healthcare communication to the termination address. Typically, the call record contains information for the electronic healthcare communication that includes geographic information, minutes of use, routing means, call features, and troubleshooting information. The originating number may include a portable telephone number. Still another embodiment discloses a system for billing for an electronic healthcare communication that includes the means for implementing the above billing method. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other embodiments, objects, uses, advantages, and novel features of this invention are more clearly understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying figures, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic illustrating an overview of an exemplary operating environment of a healthcare virtual private network (VPN) according to an embodiment of this invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing of a Healthcare VPN Management Module that resides in a computer system according to an embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic showing a detailed schematic of an operating environment for a healthcare VPN system according to an embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic showing a detailed schematic of another operative environment for a healthcare VPN system according to an embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a more detailed schematic of the healthcare VPN rule-based application dataserver shown in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a more detailed schematic of a healthcare VPN rule-based profile residing in the hospital&#39;s legacy system shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of communicating an electronic healthcare communication using wired and wireless communications devices associated with the healthcare VPN according to an embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a schematic showing another exemplary embodiment of communicating an electronic healthcare communication using wired and wireless communications devices associated with the healthcare VPN according to an embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic showing an exemplary operating environment for a healthcare VPN that includes means for determining a status of a designated party of a legacy system and communicating the electronic healthcare communication with the designated party through an internal communications interface or a data network gateway to a communications device according to an embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic showing an exemplary operating environment for a healthcare VPN that includes means for determining a status of a designated party of a legacy system and communicating the electronic healthcare communication with the designated party through an internal communications interface or a telecommunications network to a communications device according to another embodiment of this invention; 
         FIG. 11  is a schematic showing an exemplary operating environment for a healthcare VPN that includes means for determining a status of a designated party of a legacy system and communicating the electronic healthcare communication with the designated party through an internal communications interface or a telecommunications network to alternate communications device according to another embodiment of this invention; 
         FIGS. 12-13  are flowcharts showing a method of providing healthcare VPN services to a participant and a non-participant according to an embodiment of this invention; and 
         FIG. 14  is a flowchart showing a method of billing for healthcare VPN services according to an embodiment of this invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those of ordinary skill in the art. Moreover, all statements herein reciting embodiments of the invention, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass both structural and functional equivalents thereof. Additionally, it is intended that such equivalents include both currently known equivalents as well as equivalents developed in the future (i.e., any elements developed that perform the same function, regardless of structure). 
     Thus, for example, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the diagrams, schematics, flowcharts, and the like represent conceptual views or processes illustrating systems and methods embodying this invention. The functions of the various elements shown in the figures may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware as well as hardware capable of executing associated software. Similarly, any switches shown in the figures are conceptual only. Their function may be carried out through the operation of program logic, through dedicated logic, through the interaction of program control and dedicated logic, or even manually, the particular technique being selectable by the entity implementing this invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art further understand that the exemplary hardware, software, processes, methods, and/or operating systems described herein are for illustrative purposes and, thus, are not intended to be limited to any particular named manufacturer. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a healthcare virtual private network (VPN)  100  is typically a subject-specific group of related client, vendor, and service-oriented participants  110  of a multi-institutional partnership and of non-participants  130  that leverage the assets of a shared, interconnected communications network  120 , a data network  140 , and a telecommunications network  150 . The purpose of the healthcare VPN  100  is to efficiently share information, automate business and transactional processes, and enhance market position. In the case of a healthcare VPN, participants  110  and non-participants  130  may include local hospitals, insurance companies, HMOs, affiliated hospitals, clinics, physicians&#39; offices, medical schools, universities, and strategic partners. Patients, as well as vendors, could also be included, as could service providers, such as clinical laboratories, pharmacy services, temporary agencies, private ambulance services, and subspecialty services. After all, rapid communication and exchange of information between these entities (e.g., participants and non-participants) can make a critical difference in the quality of patient care. In most cases, each participant  110  usually has its own legacy system, including software, hardware, equipment, networks, and/or other information technology assets. For example, a hospital commonly has a local and/or a wide area network that utilizes Ethernet, dedicated private lines, Frame Relay, ISDN, ATM, ADSL, and the like. Further, these legacy systems provide an interface to a data network, such as the Internet, Intranet, and/or Extranet, that may be locally or remotely accessed by a participant&#39;s user (e.g., a hospital employee using a computer system within the hospital&#39;s legacy system). 
     This invention provides improved access, sharing, notification, routing, security, and/or management of electronic healthcare communications and/or data exchanged between or among a non-participant  130  and one or more legacy systems associated with a participant  110  of the shared, interconnected network  120 . As discussed in more detail below, the shared, interconnected network  120  uses a rule-based application dataserver, preferably provided by a telecommunications service provider, and also uses an integrated delivery system (IDS) to process exchanged information into a selected legacy system. As used herein, the term “electronic healthcare communication” includes audio, video, text, and/or digital communications including electronic healthcare communications such as email, attached files (e.g., an attached file to the email), and compatible second data formats (e.g., an attached file that has been processed by the rule-based application dataserver and the IDS to format and/or standardize electronic information shared between a first and a second legacy system). The term “electronic healthcare communication” also includes transaction notifications and/or transaction replies generated by the rule-based application dataserver and/or the IDS, and/or other means of communicating electronic information between or among healthcare VPN entities. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing a VPN Management Module  210  residing in a computer system  200 . The VPN Management Module  210  operates within a system memory device. The VPN Management Module  210 , for example, is shown residing in a memory subsystem  212 . The VPN Management Module  210 , however, could also reside in flash memory  214  and/or in a peripheral storage device, such as storage device  240 . The computer system  200  also has one or more central processors  220  executing an operating system. The operating system, as is well known, has a set of instructions that control the internal functions of the computer system  200 . A system bus  222  communicates signals, such as data signals, control signals, and address signals, between the central processors  220  and a system controller  224  (typically called a “Northbridge”). The system controller  224  provides a bridging function between the one or more central processors  220 , a graphics subsystem  226 , the memory subsystem  212 , and a PCI (Peripheral Controller Interface) bus  228 . The PCI bus  228  is controlled by a Peripheral Bus Controller  230 . The Peripheral Bus Controller  230  (typically called a “Southbridge”) is an integrated circuit that serves as an input/output hub for various peripheral ports. These peripheral ports could include, for example, a keyboard port  232 , a mouse port  234 , a serial port  236  and/or a parallel port  238 . Additionally, these peripheral ports would allow the computer system  200  to communicate with a variety of communications devices through ports (such as a SCSI port and/or an Ethernet port, shown as reference numeral  254 ), a Wireless Transceiver port  252  (using the IEEE Wireless standard 802.11, Infrared, the Industrial and Scientific band of the electromagnetic spectrum, or any other portion of that same spectrum), and a Wired Comm Device Port  250  (such as modem V90+ and compact flash slots). The Peripheral Bus Controller  230  could also include an audio subsystem  235 . Additionally, the computer system  200  may interface with a network server  244  operating with a network browser  246 . The network server  244  and the network browser  246  may be stand alone or integrated components. Still further, the computer system  200  may include a power source  260 , such as a rechargeable battery to provide power and allow the computer system  200  to be portable. The power source  260  may additionally or alternatively include an alternating current (AC) power source or power converter. 
     The processor  220  is typically a microprocessor. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., for example, manufactures a full line of microprocessors, such as the ATHLON™ (ATHLON™ is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., One AMD Place, P.O. Box 3453, Sunnyvale, Calif. 94088-3453, 408.732.2400, 800.538.8450, www.amd.com). Sun Microsystems also designs and manufactures microprocessors (Sun Microsystems, Inc., 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto Calif. 94303, www.sun.com). The Intel Corporation manufactures microprocessors (Intel Corporation, 2200 Mission College Blvd., Santa Clara, Calif. 95052-8119, 408.765.8080, www.intel.com). Other manufacturers also offer microprocessors. Such other manufacturers include Motorola, Inc. (1303 East Algonquin Road, P.O. Box A3309 Schaumburg, Ill. 60196, www.Motorola.com), International Business Machines Corp. (New Orchard Road, Armonk, N.Y. 10504, (914) 499-1900, www.ibm.com), and Transmeta Corp. (3940 Freedom Circle, Santa Clara, Calif. 95054, www.transmeta.com). 
     The preferred operating system is the UNIX® operating system (UNIX® is a registered trademark of the Open Source Group, www.opensource.org). Other UNIX-based operating systems, however, are also suitable, such as LINUX® or a RED HAT® LINUX-based system (LINUX® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds, and RED HAT® is a registered trademark of Red Hat, Inc., Research Triangle Park, N.C., 1-888-733-4281, www.redhat.com). Other operating systems, however, are also suitable. Such other operating systems would include a WINDOWS-based operating system (WINDOWS® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond Wash. 98052-6399, 425.882.8080, www.Microsoft.com). and Mac® OS (Mac® is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, Calif. 95014, 408.996.1010, www.apple.com). 
     The system memory device (shown as memory subsystem  212 , flash memory  214 , or peripheral storage device  240 ) may also contain one or more application programs. For example, an application program may cooperate with the operating system and with a video display unit (via the serial port  236  and/or the parallel port  238 ) to provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) display for the VPN Management Module  210 . The GUI typically includes a combination of signals communicated along the keyboard port  232  and the mouse port  234 . The GUI provides a convenient visual and/or audible interface with the user of the computer system  200 . As is apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, the selection and arrangement of the VPN Management Module  210  may be programmed over a variety of alternate mediums, such as, for example, a voice-activated menu prompt. 
     The VPN Management Module  210  allows a participant  110  to manage VPN Management services, such as: (1) allowing a user (e.g., an authorized staff member associated with the participant&#39;s legacy system) to customize rules and user groups associated with a rule-based engine of the rule-based dataserver including an access agent, a security agent, a messaging/communications agent, a transaction agent, and a troubleshooting agent; (2) allowing the user to customize presentation, features, and/or management of an incoming electronic healthcare communication (e.g., an email, an attached file, a compatible second data format, a transaction reply, a transaction notification, and/or other electronic communications); and (3) allowing the user to control the shared, interconnected network, the telecommunications network, and/or a data network connection with his/her legacy system. For example, the user may select an Access Agent having a user group list to add, delete, or modify participant information, such as, associated service node addresses, IP addresses, email addresses, and/or other electronic address information of communications devices associated with the healthcare VPN. For example, an address of the user group list may be associated with the electronic healthcare communication and act as a trigger (similar to decoding an ICLID signal for telecommunication special service features offered by telecommunication service providers) to send the electronic healthcare communication to the VPN rule-based application dataserver (such as Healthcare VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448  of  FIG. 4 ). The VPN Management Module  210  also allows the user to customize features, such as electronic healthcare communication handling options. For example, the VPN Management Module  210  may split a user&#39;s screen into two viewing areas and present the incoming electronic healthcare communication in one portion and present information associated with an attached file and/or a compatible second data format that has been or that might be integrated into the user&#39;s legacy system. Further, the VPN Management Module  210  may allow the user to control whether to accept, decline, or postpone integration of the compatible second data format into the legacy system or might be set to automatically accept, decline, or postpone integration depending on a participant&#39;s address or on an address of the non-participant&#39;s communications device. Still further, the VPN Management Module  210  of the computer system  200  may provide the IP address or the like so that the shared interconnected network, the telecommunications network, and/or the data network can communicate the electronic healthcare communication, and, thus integrate telephony events and data network events with the legacy system and/or the non-participant&#39;s communications device. Finally, the VPN Management Module  210  may interact and/or otherwise interface with a telecommunications network-based information systems (NBIS) management module that controls access, sharing, notification, security, and/or management of electronic healthcare data exchanged between or among different legacy systems of participants. The NBIS Management Module and related methods and systems are disclosed in applicants&#39; co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/253,500 entitled “Network-Based Healthcare Information Systems,” filed Sep. 24, 2002, and of which the “Brief Summary of the Invention” and “Detailed Description of the Invention” sections are incorporated herein by this reference. 
     In an embodiment, the VPN Management Module  210  also allows the participant  110  to control access, sharing, notification, routing, security, management, and/or additional processing of electronic healthcare communications and associated data between or among a legacy system (including communications devices of a staff member associated with the participant) and a non-participant&#39;s communications device. For example, the VPN Management Module  210  allows the participant (via an authorized user/staff member)  110  to control how the data (i.e., the electronic healthcare communication and/or associated data) is processed into the legacy system (such as legacy system  302  in  FIG. 3 ) including (1) sending the data to a local storage device (such as data center  312  shown in  FIG. 3 ), or alternatively, to a remote storage device (such as a file server associated with a the telecommunications service provider, for example, e-center  314  of  FIG. 3 ), (2) archiving the data, (3) encrypting the data, (4) copying the data, and (5) associating the data with a healthcare VPN rule-based profile (such as healthcare VPN rule-based profile  500  of  FIG. 5 ). The VPN Management Module  210  may be downloaded from a telecommunications network, a data network, or provided on a storage media (e.g., diskette, CD-ROM, or installed by the computer system manufacturer) to install on the computer system  200  to enable, disable, and further control a variety of healthcare VPN services. Still further, the VPN Management Module  210  allows the user to customize presentation features, such as splitting a workstation screen into two viewing areas and presenting a video display of the electronic healthcare communication in one portion and presenting information associated with the Access Agent (e.g., staff directory) in the second portion. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3-11 , the healthcare VPN  300  includes at least one legacy system  302  of a participant (e.g., an affiliated hospital, a participant&#39;s physician office, etc., generally shown as reference numeral  110  in  FIG. 1 ), at least one communications device (and/or information system)  304  of a non-participant (e.g., non-participant physician office, generally shown as reference numeral  130  in  FIG. 1 ), a shared, interconnected network  310 , a central office  311  of the shared, interconnected network  310 , a data center  312 , an interactive multimedia enabled contact center  313 , an electronic center (“e-center)  314 , fast packet portal means  315 , switched network portal  316 , a data network  318 , a central office  320  associated with the non-participant&#39;s communications device  304 , and a billing system  330 . Communications device  304  is generically shown in  FIG. 3 ; however, exemplary communications devices are shown in  FIGS. 7-8  including personal digital assistant (PDA)  702 , wireless phone  704 , modem  706 , interactive pager  708 , global positioning system (GPS)  710 , MP3  712 , digital signal processor  714 , interactive television  716 , and computer system  718 . Each legacy system  302  includes at least one of the computer system (shown as reference numeral  200  in  FIG. 2 ) and may have the VPN Management Module  210  (including the IP address or other communications address associated with a participant&#39;s telecommunications network, data network connection, and/or shared, interconnected network) residing within the computer system. Each legacy system  302  may also include other communications devices such as on-site pager  990 , personal digital assistant (PDA)  992 , interactive pager  994 , wireless phone  996 , MP3  1102 , digital signal processor  1104 , modem  1106 , global positioning system (GPS)  1108 , and interactive television  1110  of  FIGS. 9-11 ). The legacy system  302  may further include an Internet Service Provider (e.g., America On-Line)  460 , the data network  318 , a gateway  470 , an Integrated Delivery System (IDS)  450 , and external data sources  312  (also referred to herein as the “data center”). The central office  311  of the telecommunications network  150  typically includes a service switching point (SSP)  442 , a service control point (SCP)  444 , an Intranet  446 , and a healthcare VPN Rule-Based Application Dataserver  448 . Switch  420  allows the connected legacy systems  302  to communicate electronic healthcare communications  410  via the telecommunications network facility  440 . Similarly, each switch  430  allows the connected communications device  304  of a non-participant to communicate electronic healthcare communications  410  via the telecommunications network facility  440 . The telecommunications network facility  440  may include the central office (CO)  311 , a mobile telephone switching office (MTSO) (not shown), and/or a combination CO/MTSO. Further, the telecommunications network facility  440  may use any means of coupling switches  420 ,  430  to the telecommunications network facility  440 , but the coupling means is preferably high-capacity, high-bandwidth optical transport services, Gigabit Ethernet services, and/or the like for digital electronic healthcare communications, such as fast packet portal means  315 . Other coupling means includes switch network portal means  316  typically used for voice and data transmissions. As those of ordinary skill in the art of telecommunications understand, the telecommunications network facility  440  could also link switches  420  of the legacy system (or the communications device of the non-participant) via other appropriate means, such as, for example a Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) structure with redundant, multiple rings. 
     Typically, a non-participant  130  uses communications device  304  to gain access to the shared, interconnected network  310 , the WAN  140 , and/or PSTN  150  (shared, interconnected network  310 , WAN  140 , and PSTN  150  are shown in  FIG. 1 ). For example, if a non-participant wishes to send, receive, or access voice, video, and/or data (e.g., read and respond to e-mail, order test results, view video-clips including static images, listen to recorded information, engage in an interactive-diagnosis session, etc.), then the communications device  304  connects with the interconnected network  310  via switch  430 . Communications signals associated with the address of the electronic healthcare communication  410  arrive at SSP  442 , and the SSP  442  analyzes the signals and determines whether the electronic healthcare communication  410  is addressed to a healthcare participant  110  or a non-participant  130 . Depending on the address and content of the electronic healthcare communication (e.g., whether or not the electronic healthcare communication is to a non-participant, whether or not a file is attached, etc.), the SSP  442  may route the electronic healthcare communication  410  immediately over the telecommunications network facility  440  to attempt a connection with legacy system  110  (and/or data center  312  and/or e-center  314 ) or the SSP may communicate with SCP  444  for further electronic healthcare communication processing and routing information (including eventual routing to the VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448  if the electronic healthcare communication  410  is to or from a participant  110 ). The healthcare VPN  300  may include wired, optical, and/or wireless elements and may further include private network elements, such as private branch exchanges (PBXs), and/or other elements (not shown). The telecommunications network facility  440  includes Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) componentry controlling many features of the network. The telecommunications network facility  440  or switches  420 ,  430  could also include a packet-based “soft switch” that uses software control to provide voice, video, and/or data services by dynamically changing its connection data rates and protocols types. If the telecommunications network facility  440  or switches  420 ,  430  should include a softswitch, the AIN componentry is replaced by an application server that interfaces with the softswitch via a packet protocol, such as Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The signaling between the computer system  200 , the legacy system  302 , the communications device  304 , the switches  420 ,  430 , the telecommunications network facility  440  including AIN componentry, the data network  318 , and the e-center  314 , however, are well understood in by those of ordinary skill the art and will not be further described. Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to apply the principles of this invention to their own information and computing systems including their network configurations which may differ substantially from the system shown in the figures. 
     The VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448  communicates with SCP  444  and Intranet  446  to effectively provide VPN Management Services. These VPN Management Services allow the participant  110  to control access, sharing, notification, routing, security, transactions, troubleshooting, management, and/or additional processing of electronic healthcare communications exchanged to/from other participants. For example, VPN Management Services allows the participant to control how the electronic healthcare communication is processed into the receiver legacy system including (1) sending the electronic healthcare communication to a storage device associated with the telecommunications service provider, such as storage at e-center  315  (2) archiving the electronic healthcare communication, (3) encrypting the electronic healthcare communication, (4) copying the electronic healthcare communication, and (5) associating the electronic healthcare communication with related data in one or more legacy systems. Further, the VPN Management Services may be activated, de-activated, administered, and/or otherwise managed by the participant  110  or another entity with authorization (e.g., telecommunications service provider). In an embodiment, the Healthcare VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448  has the ability to communicate with various networks, including internal and external telecommunications and/or data networks (and the shared, interconnected network) using appropriate protocols, such as standard transmission control protocol and Internet protocol (TCP/IP). The healthcare VPN rule-based profiles stored by the Healthcare VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448  provide increased security by allowing each participant  110  to control electronic healthcare data, utilize existing databases to add, delete, or otherwise change electronic healthcare data, and control how their legacy system interacts with non-proprietary networks and non-participant communications devices, such as controlling routing instructions. Thus, the Healthcare VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448  and associated systems may function as a computer server, database, and processor and is dedicated to managing healthcare VPN activity over the participant&#39;s proprietary and non-proprietary networks. 
     The VPN Management Module  210 , may be downloaded from ISP  260 , VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448 , Intranet  446 , or provided on a storage media (e.g., diskette, CD-ROM, or installed by the computer system manufacturer) to the participant  110  to install on the computer system  200  to enable, disable, and further control a variety of the VPN Management Services. Additionally, the non-participant  130  is typically provided an applet and/or a web browser interface for communicating the electronic healthcare communication over the healthcare VPN. The applet and/or web-browser operates over the non-participant&#39;s communication device  304  to allow the non-participant to control a limited set of commands for VPN Management Services including verification and authentication requirements. 
     As illustrated by  FIG. 4 , the flow of the electronic healthcare communication  410  may involve the non-participant  130  using communications device  304  to create the electronic healthcare communication  410  with or without an attached file and/or associated data. Alternatively, the flow of the electronic healthcare communication  410  may involve the participant  110  using the computer system  200  to create the electronic healthcare communication  410  with an attached file. The non-participant  130  and/or participant  110  may create the electronic healthcare communication  410  using a variety of software applications including electronic messaging, word processing, and others (e.g., MICROSOFT OUTLOOK® and MICROSOFT WORD® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond Wash. 98052-6399, 425.882.8080, www.Microsoft.com). Alternatively, the electronic healthcare communication  410  may be created using the applet, web browser, and/or VPN Management Module  210  that includes instructions to/for the IDS  450 . The electronic healthcare communication  410  is routed and received in the telecommunications network facility  440 . In an embodiment, the VPN Rule-Based DataServer  448  determines whether external data sources  312  need to be queried for related electronic healthcare data or for retrieving a file that is linked rather than attached to the electronic healthcare communication  410 . Next, the telecommunications network facility  440  interprets the electronic healthcare communication  410  including any attached files, related healthcare data, and/or the linked files using network elements including the VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448 . Thereafter, the VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448  routes the electronic healthcare communication (e.g., the attached file, related healthcare data, and/or the linked object)  410  to the IDS  450  so that the electronic healthcare communication  410  may be interpreted from the non-participant&#39;s communications device for compatible exchange with the participant&#39;s legacy system (i.e., from the non-participant insurer communications device to the physician&#39;s legacy system). The IDS  450  may be a stand alone system (not shown in the figures), the IDS  450  may be integrated into the telecommunications network facility  440  (as shown in  FIG. 4 ), the IDS  450  may be integrated with one of the participant&#39;s legacy systems (not shown in the figures) that is accessed by the telecommunications network facility  440  or data network  318 , or the IDS  450  may be a combination of these systems (not shown). No matter how the IDS  450  is deployed, the electronic healthcare communication  410  and/or data is received, processed so that the electronic healthcare communication  410  and/or data are compatible for the receiving legacy system  110 , and associated with a transaction reply (e.g., a communication to the receiving participant about the electronic healthcare communication  410  including information about the attached file or the compatible second data format) or with a transaction notification (e.g., a communication to the non-participant&#39;s communications device about the electronic healthcare communication  410  including information about the attached file or the compatible second data format). Thereafter, the transaction reply and/or the transaction notification are routed through the telecommunications network facility  440  and forwarded to the receiving legacy system or to the non-participant&#39;s communications device (not shown). The VPN Management Module  210  presents the electronic healthcare communication  410  so that the receiving participant  110  of the computer system  200  has immediate access, notification, and management of the electronic healthcare communication  410  including the compatible second data format and updated data in the receiving legacy system  110 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 5 , the participant  110  interacts with the VPN Management Module  210  and with Intranet  446  to access and login to the VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448  and to establish a VPN Rule-Based Profile  500 . The VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448  stores one or more VPN Rule-Based Profiles  500  that include data and applications associated with an Access Agent  511 , a Security Agent  512 , a Messaging/Communications agent  513 , a Transaction Agent  514 , and a Troubleshooting Agent  515 . For example, the Access Agent  511 , Security Agent  512 , Messaging/Communications Agent  313 , Transaction Agent  514 , and Troubleshooting Agent  515  may contain a variety of fields and/or files associated with at least one of the following: login information associated with a user (including participants  110 , non-participants  130 , and/or authorized users), password of the user, telephone number or Service Node of the user (this may include a plurality of addresses that are associated with a Service Node or other switch, such as, for example, switch  420  serving the legacy systems  110 ), TCP/IP address of the user, profile of the computer system  200  or other communications device associated with the incoming electronic healthcare communication (e.g., presentation formats for various communications devices), a time or date identifier (e.g., day of week or calendar date), other information associated with the electronic healthcare communications signal, size and content of electronic healthcare communication (including types of files that are transmitted as an attached file), transaction reply(s), transaction notification(s), display of a GUI (e.g., color, font, placement of VPN Management Module  210  on screen, etc.), VPN Management Service defaults (e.g., whether the IDS automatically re-formats the attached file to a compatible second data format and updates the legacy system with the compatible second data format), and other selections related to VPN Management Services, such as electronic healthcare communication features, electronic healthcare communication routing, and troubleshooting problems or error messages. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates an embodiment of establishing a legacy VPN Rule-Based Profile  600  to interact with the healthcare VPN Rule-Based Profile  500  of the interconnected network  210 . The VPN Management Module  210  of computer system  200  is used to establish, store, and manage the legacy VPN Rule-Based Profile  600  for legacy system  110  (i.e., the hospital&#39;s legacy system). The legacy system  110  stores one or more VPN Rule-Based Profiles  600  that include data and applications similar to healthcare VPN Rule-Based Profile  500 . The legacy VPN Rule-Based Profiles  600 ; however, provide increased security by allowing the participant  110  to internally control electronic healthcare data and/or communications, utilize existing databases to add, delete, or otherwise change electronic healthcare data and/or communications, control how the participant&#39;s legacy system interacts with the IDS, and control routing instructions within its legacy system  110 . 
       FIGS. 7-8  are schematics showing a variety of wired and wireless communications devices  304  communicating the electronic healthcare communication  410  through the shared, interconnected network  310  according to alternate embodiments of this invention. The means of coupling the computer system  200  or other communications device (shown as reference numeral  702 ) to the switch  220  (and similarly of coupling non-participant communications devices  702 - 718 ) include a variety of means, including optical transmission of electronic healthcare data, wireless transmission of electronic healthcare data, and/or fixed-wire transmission of electronic healthcare data (e.g., via a local loop of a telecommunications network to communicate electronic healthcare data). Fiber optic technologies, spectrum multiplexing (such as Dense Wave Division Multiplexing), Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet services, and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) are just some examples of the coupling means. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a healthcare VPN  700  similar to the healthcare VPN  300  of  FIG. 3 ; however, healthcare VPN  700  illustrates specific communications devices of the non-participant  130 . Healthcare VPN  700  includes alternate communications devices of a non-participant that include a personal digital assistant (PDA)  702 , a mobile phone  704  (e.g., cellular, satellite, Internet Protocol), a modem  706 , an interactive pager  708 , a global positioning system (GPS) transceiver  710 , an MP3 player  712 , a digital signal processor (DSP)  714 , and an interactive television  716 . These alternate communications devices communicate via an antenna  720  communicating with an MTSO  730  that transmits the electronic healthcare communication  410  to the switch  430 . The Healthcare VPN  700  could also include a computer system  718 . Whether the communications devices  304  or the computer system  718  is used, switch  430  routes the electronic healthcare communication  410  to the shared, interconnected network  310 . In addition,  FIG. 7  illustrates that the computer systems of the legacy system  110  include a variety of communications devices including computer system  200  and wireless communications devices, such as PDA  702 . Regardless of the communications device used to send the electronic healthcare communication  410 , the electronic healthcare communication  410  may need to be formatted accordingly for the receiving communications device (including audio, text (e.g., ASCII), video, other digital formats, and combination thereof). Thus, the VPN Rule-Based Application DataServer  448  has the intelligence to associate the presentation capabilities of the alternate communications device (associated with participants and non-participants). 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a healthcare VPN  800  similar to the healthcare VPN  700  disclosed in  FIG. 7 ; however, healthcare VPN  800  includes a communications device gateway  810  connected with a data network  820  and a communications server  830  so that the electronic healthcare communication  410  communicated to/from switch  430  may be appropriately formatted for presentation on alternate communications devices  702 - 716 . For example, if the alternate communications device uses the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) technique, then the electronic healthcare communication (including transaction replies and/or notifications)  410  is communicated to the communications (“Comm”) server  830 . The electronic healthcare communications server  830  formats the electronic healthcare communication  410  into one or more Wireless Mark-up Language (WML) messages that are communicated over the data network  820  to the communications device gateway  810 . The communications device gateway  810  then interfaces with the MTSO  730 , and the MTSO  730  then wirelessly communicates the electronic healthcare communication  410  to the communications devices  304 . The Wireless Mark-up Language (WML) and the WAP technique are known and will not be further described. This is a description of a solution for a specific wireless protocol, such as WAP. This solution may be clearly extended to other wireless protocol, such as i-mode, VoiceXML (Voice eXtensible Markup Language), and other signaling means. 
       FIGS. 9-11  illustrate an exemplary operating environment for a healthcare VPN that includes and makes use of the interactive multimedia enabled contact center  313  (hereinafter referred to as the “contact center”). The healthcare VPN  900  of  FIG. 9  includes IP/cellular/mobile phone  704 , switch  430 , telecommunications network  440 , switch  420 , multimedia enable contact center  313 , a telephone/voice workstation  910 , a modem  912 , at least one agent station  930 , a contact center application  930 , wide area network  310 , computer system  200 , healthcare VPN Management Module  210 , at least one file server  312 , a firewall  960 , data network  318 , a communications interface  940 , an antenna  950 , a gateway  970 , participant  110 , a designated party  980 , a personal identification transmitter device  982 , an intercom station  984 , a pager  990 , a PDA  992 , an on-site, interactive pager  994 , and a mobile phone  996 . Typically, non-participant  130  uses phone  704  (or an alternate communications device including wired and wireless communications devices) to place a call routed through switch  430 , telecommunication network  440 , and switch  420  to the contact center  313 . The electronic healthcare communication (e.g., incoming call) is usually detected by an interactive response system that provides intelligent routing of the call. For example, the non-participant may hear a prerecorded message prompting the non-participant to make an initial routing selection, such as, for example “Press 1 to register for classes,” “Press 2 to speak with an agent operator,” “Press 3 for directions,” “If you know the extension of the party (i.e., the designated party), please press * and the party&#39;s four digit extension,” and so on. Thus, the electronic healthcare communication may be initially routed to an appropriate agent or to the extension of the designated party  980  (the designated party includes a staff member, guest, or other individual affiliated with the legacy system  110 ). If the electronic healthcare communication is routed to the agent, then the call may be sent to the telephone/voice workstation  910  and/or through modem  912  to agent station  930 . Further, the electronic healthcare communication and initial routing instructions provide information about the call to the telephone/voice workstation  910  and/or the agent station  900 . For example, if the calling telephone number of the electronic healthcare communication is decoded and/or if the non-participant provides a calling telephone number or another identifier, such as a social security number or an account number, in response to an inquiry from the automated answering system (or if the identifier is associated with other information like the ICLID signal of the calling number of the phone  704 ), then when the agent station  930  receives the electronic healthcare communication, the contact center application  920  may automatically associate, retrieve, and pull up associated information (associated using responses to the interactive response system and/or ICLID signal) and/or a healthcare VPN communications profile  600  with the incoming call. After the agent answers the incoming call, the agent may gather additional information from the non-participant, associate other data to access the healthcare VPN communications profile  600 , identify the designated party  980  who can further handle the non-participant&#39;s needs, determine a status of the designated party  980 , and based upon an available status, transfer the electronic healthcare communication and associated data to an appropriate communications device, such as the workstation intercom  984  via communications interface  940  and antenna  950  or to alternate communications devices  990 ,  992 ,  994 , and  996  via firewall  960 , data network  318 , and gateway  970 . If the status is unavailable, then the agent may alternatively route the electronic healthcare communication and/or associated data to a messaging system, such as voicemail or pager number messaging. The operations of the multimedia contact center are further discuss in applicants&#39; co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/335,453 entitled “Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) Complete Healthcare Contact Center,” filed Dec. 31, 2002, and of which the “Brief Summary of the Invention” and “Detailed Description of the Invention” sections are incorporated herein by this reference. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a healthcare VPN  1000  similar to the healthcare VPN  900  of  FIG. 9 ; however, the electronic healthcare communication, associated data, transaction reply, and/or transaction notification are routed through the telecommunications network  440 . An advantage of using the telecommunications network  440  may be to leverage the assets of other affiliated data, up-to-date formatting and configuration programs (including sharing the costs of these systems with other customers of the telecommunications network), and increased range of accessing off-site staff (e.g., when a staff member is not located on the premises of the participant  110 , the transmitter  982  and/or alternate communications devices, such as the phone  996 , could provide the means to determine the location, and consequently the status, of the designated party  980 ). 
       FIG. 11  illustrates a healthcare VPN  1100  similar to healthcare VPN  1000  of  FIG. 10 ; however, healthcare VPN  1100  further includes a MP3  1102 , a digital signal processor  1104 , a modem  1106 , a global positioning system (GPS)  1108 , and interactive television  1110 . According to this embodiment, the agent receives the electronic healthcare communication and any associated data at his/her station  930 , interacts with the non-participant to identify the designated party  980 , determines the status of the designated party  980  (when status is activated), associates the status with the electronic healthcare communications profile  600  to select one or more of the communications devices (including the intercom station  984 , the MP3  1102 , the digital signal processor  1104 , the modem  1106 , the global positioning system (GPS)  1108 , and the interactive television  1110 ) to communicate with, and provides the electronic healthcare communication and/or associated data to a selected communications devices. As discussed above, the communications interface  440  and/or the telecommunications network  440  ensures that the electronic healthcare communication, associated data, and/or responses (including transaction replies and/or transaction notifications) are formatted and/or otherwise configured for each of the selected communications devices. Alternatively, the electronic healthcare communication, associated data, and/or responses of the healthcare VPN  1100  may be routed through firewall  960  to the data network  318  and a gateway (not shown) to each of the selected communications devices. 
       FIGS. 12-13  illustrate a flowchart showing a process of providing the healthcare virtual private network service according to an embodiment of this invention.  FIG. 14  illustrates a flowchart showing a method of billing for healthcare VPN services according to an embodiment of this invention. While the process in  FIGS. 12-14  are shown in series, these processes may occur in different orders and/or at simultaneous times as one of ordinary skill in the art will understand. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 12 , a non-participant transmits an electronic healthcare communication (via a communications device) to a network-based communications system associated with the legacy system (block  1200 ). The network-based communications system detects the incoming electronic healthcare communication from the communications device of the non-participant (block  1210 ). The network-based communications system decodes the incoming electronic healthcare communication for (1) an attached file and/or other related electronic healthcare data (e.g., queried data from an external data source, a linked file, data that is cut and pasted into the body of an email, etc.), (2) security verification, and (3) authentication (e.g., data and/or participants may be authenticated) (block  1220 ). Next, the network-based communications system interprets the attached file and/or other related electronic healthcare data using a rule-based application server to categorize and associate rule based agents, fields, and/or files (block  1230 ). The attached file and/or other related electronic healthcare data is then processed according to how an integrated delivery system (IDS) is configured (e.g., integrated into the network-based communications system or accessed separate from the network-based communications system). If the integrated delivery system is not integrated with the network-based communications system (e.g., the integrated delivery system is accessed separate from the network-based communications system), then the network-based communications system routes the attached file and/or other related electronic healthcare data to the integrated delivery system associated with the legacy system (block  1240 ), and the integrated delivery system processes the attached file and/or other related electronic healthcare data so that the attached file and/or other related electronic healthcare data can be exchanged with the legacy system (block  1250 ). If the integrated delivery system is integrated with the network-based communications system, then the network-based communications system processes the attached file and/or other related electronic healthcare data into the integrated delivery system so that the attached file and/or related electronic healthcare data can be exchanged with the legacy system (block  1260 ). By allowing both IDS architects, VPN Management Services may be dynamically implemented across different platforms. 
     The method then continues with block  1300  of  FIG. 13 . The rule based engine determines whether to activate a transaction reply and/or a transaction notification (block  1300 ). If there is no transaction reply and/or no transaction notification, then the network-based communications system handles the electronic healthcare communication and/or other related electronic healthcare data according to instructions from the rule-based engine (block  1310 ). Alternatively, if a transaction replay and/or transaction notification is activated, then the network-based communications system selects the appropriate transaction reply and/or transaction notification (block  1320 ), routes the transaction reply and/or transaction notification to a computer system or other communications device (block  1330 ), and a client application (e.g., VPN Management Module  210 , applet, web browser) residing on the computer system or accessible by other communications device presents the transaction reply and/or transaction notification (block  1340 ). 
     Referring now to  FIG. 14 , an originating party (e.g., non-participant  130  or participant  110 ) accesses a network-based communications system associated with a legacy system and communicates an electronic healthcare message (step  1400 ). The network-based communications system receives, decodes, and/or interprets the electronic healthcare communication according to a rule-based engine as discussed above (step  1410 ). The network-based communications system completes and/or otherwise communicates the electronic healthcare communication to a termination address associated with at least one of the categories of the rule-based engine (the termination address is typically stored and/or otherwise associated by a rule-based profile (e.g., healthcare VPN rule-based profile  500  of  FIG. 5 ) of a rule-based dataserver (e.g., healthcare VPN rule-based application dataserver  448  of  FIG. 4 ) that uses the rule-based engine) (step  1420 ). Thereafter, a billing system (e.g., billing system  330  of  FIG. 3 ) receives information related to the originating address of a communications device (e.g., reference numerals  702 - 718  of  FIG. 7 ) associated with the originating party (e.g., non-participant  130  of  FIG. 1 ) (step  1430 ). The billing system also receives information related to a termination address associated with at least one of the categories of the rule-based engine (step  1440 ) and receives processing information related to the interpretation of the electronic healthcare communication (step  1450 ). Next, the billing system generates a call record (step  1460 ). The call record includes information such as geographic locations of the originating address and termination address (that may be used to determine local, long distance, and/or toll fees), minutes of use (e.g., minutes related to transmission and/or routing of the electronic healthcare communication), routing systems (e.g., PBX equipment), features, trouble shooting, and/or other billing information. Finally, the billing system associates one or more call records with a participant of the legacy system and generates a bill to the participant (step  1470 ). Many billing systems are known in the art, such as U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/498,684, entitled “Billing and Routing Local Toll-Free Calls,” filed Feb. 7, 2000, and this invention makes use of similar systems, but further includes healthcare VPN DataServer  448  for call processing and routing as well as 3associated systems, such as e-center  314 . 
     While several exemplary implementations of embodiments of this invention are described herein, various modifications and alternate embodiments will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, this invention is intended to include those other variations, modifications, and alternate embodiments that adhere to the spirit and scope of this invention.