Abstract:
A computer maintenance and repair network is disclosed that is used to manage the activities of a network of service technicians and to coordinate equipment maintenance and repair service orders and subsequent invoices to customers. In this computer network, service and repair data is gathered, service orders are assigned, information about work performed by service technicians is entered, customer signatures are captured, and data is generated and exported to a central computer wherein it can be combined with other data and used for a number of purposes.

Description:
BACKGROUND  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates generally to a system for managing service orders for equipment maintenance and repair and, more specifically, to a networked computing system for managing orders for equipment maintenance and repair.  
           [0003]    2. Description of Related Art  
           [0004]    The maintenance and repair of equipment is often conducted by a network of service technicians. In the past, such a network of service technicians has been controlled and monitored through the use of paper service orders to assign and monitor maintenance or repair tasks. When maintenance or repair of equipment was needed, the work was assigned to a specific technician. After the work was performed, the technician was required to prepare written report describing the work performed, date and time of work, part numbers used, description of any follow-up work deemed necessary, and any issues or questions regarding work performed. Also, a customer signature was obtained verifying that the work was performed to the customer&#39;s satisfaction.  
           [0005]    An invoice charging for the work performed was then prepared and forwarded to the customer. This type of paper system of documentation to monitor and control maintenance and repair activity generates a large volume of paperwork that must be managed and stored, as well as physically transported from the technician in the field to a central location.  
           [0006]    The above described type of system incorporating paper work orders, written work reports, and paper invoices, and the subsequent large volume of paperwork, results in a number of problems. For example, the large volume of paper documents requires substantial physical storage space, increases costs related to data entry clerks spending time keying manually written service orders and work reports and the subsequent time spent correcting errors in the data entry, significantly delays gathering information from technicians resulting from the required physical transportation of the documents, incomplete entry of information on written reports due to the inconvenience of handwriting the information, and delays in inventory control related to parts and/or components used by the technician that are not automatically input into an inventory control system.  
           [0007]    Furthermore, the delay in transfer of physical documents creates a greater length of time between the performance of work and the review of the documents, making it more difficult to obtain accurate answers to any questions that arise regarding the work performed. Also, the delay of transfer of physical documents creates a negative impact on the cash flow of the maintenance and repair business because the time between the actual repair service and the final processing of the information delays the creation and sending of invoices. Compounding this problem, some customers require invoicing of repairs within a certain amount of time after the work has been completed. If this time is exceeded, collection on the invoice can become difficult.  
           [0008]    Therefore, there is a need for a system to manage orders for equipment maintenance and repair in which the volume of paper documents to be completed and transferred is reduced, data accuracy is increased, and the transfer of information occurs in a faster and more efficient fashion.  
         SUMMARY  
         [0009]    The purpose and advantages of the invention will be set forth in, and apparent from, the description and drawings that follow, as well as will be learned through practice of the invention. Additional advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the elements of the physical embodiment of the invention and methods of using the invention described herein.  
           [0010]    In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a computer maintenance and repair network is used to manage the activities of a network of service technicians and to coordinate equipment maintenance and repair service orders and subsequent invoices to customers. In this computer network, service and repair data is gathered, service orders are assigned, information about work performed by service technicians is entered, customer signatures are captured, and data is generated and exported to a central computer wherein it can be combined with other data and used for a number of purposes.  
           [0011]    Orders for maintenance or repair work are input into the maintenance and repair network, including a description of the customer requesting work, the work desired, the location, and the timing of the work. The maintenance and repair network then assigns the service order to a service technician. This assignment can be done either manually or through a computerized assignment system.  
           [0012]    When the work order has been assigned to a service technician, the technician performs the work as has been done in the past. Rather than prepare a handwritten summary of the work, however, the service technician inputs information into the maintenance and repair network through a work station, such as a mobile unit. This work station can be mobile, such as a pen-based, hand-held computer, a notebook computer, or any other portable computer, or the work station can be stationary, such as a desktop personal computer, or any other type of input device suitable to transmit information to the maintenance and repair network.  
           [0013]    The technician is prompted to enter information such as work performed, parts used, job related employee expenses (i.e. travel, mileage), service details, date and time of repair, equipment and/or machine identification, length of time worked on project, a safety checklist, or any other information that is desirable to be captured about service or maintenance work for equipment. Various screens are accessed by the technician by clicking tabs on the screen of the mobile unit. These various screens provide and gather information as described further below. After the work is completed and the information is entered, the customer signature (indicating completion of and acceptance of work performed) can be captured directly in the mobile unit.  
           [0014]    In a preferred embodiment, the description of the repair work is captured through a series of codes that are defined specifically to the model of machine being repaired. The technician is able to simply select the codes that describe the repair performed through a series of choices. The system virtually eliminates the need for the technician to handwrite a lengthy recap of all of the work performed. Such handwritten paragraphs are time-consuming to prepare and difficult to retrieve for later analysis. The system also provides the central computer with concise information that can be used by service and product support personnel for analyzing future equipment or machine failures. The work done can be stored in a number of different formats such as by task, by technician, or by machine id. This information is then available to generate various reports and to search using query functions.  
           [0015]    After the technician has finished entering the information into the mobile unit, the unit communicates with the central computer in a manner known in the art (i.e., cellular network connection, radio frequency connection, global computer network connection, or connection through a local area network) to transmit the information to the central computer. In the preferred embodiment, the information is passed from the mobile units through a file transfer protocol (ftp) system, and then on to the central computer. However, the connection between the mobile units and the central computer can also be a direct connection. After the information from the individual technicians is transferred to the central computer, the information can be used for a variety of applications. Some examples include customer billing, inventory control, cost reporting, vendor processing and accounts payable, payroll and labor distribution.  
           [0016]    These and other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the claims and appended drawings, as well as will be learned through the practice of the invention.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0017]    [0017]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 2 is a logic flow diagram of the service technician data entry functions of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 3 is a logic flow diagram of the data transfer functions of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 4 is an illustration of a customer screen on a mobile unit of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 5 is an illustration of a header screen on a mobile unit of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 6 is an illustration of an instructions screen on a mobile unit of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 7 is an illustration of a materials screen on a mobile unit of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 8 is an illustration of a labor screen on a mobile unit of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 9 is an illustration of a work performed screen on a mobile unit of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 10 is an illustration of an outside vendor screen on a mobile unit of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 11 is an illustration of an expenses screen on a mobile unit of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 12 is an illustration of a comments screen on a mobile unit of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 13 is an illustration of a safety checklist screen on a mobile unit of an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0030]    While the invention can be embodied in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings, and will herein be described in detail, a preferred embodiment of the present invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments illustrated.  
         [0031]    Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram an electronic system for equipment maintenance and repair orders in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The system comprises a central computer  10  on which information is stored and which controls the transfer of information throughout the system. The central computer  10  is preferably a personal computer, however, any type of computer with sufficient memory and processing power can be used.  
         [0032]    Also shown in FIG. 1 are a number of mobile units connected to the central computer  10  in a number of different ways. The connection of the mobile units to the central computer  10  can include, for example: computers  12 ,  14  and  16  that are connected to central computer  10  directly via a local area network (LAN)  30 ; computer  18  that is connected to the LAN  30  via the global computer network  20 , also known as the Internet, and then through the LAN  30  to the central computer  10 ; computer  22  that is connected to the LAN  30  via remote communication through the airwaves (e.g. CDMA, GSM, GPRS or a cellular connection through the global computer network (CDPD)) generally designated as  24 , and then through the LAN  30  to the central computer  10 ; and a computer  26  that is connected to the LAN  30  via a radio frequency (RF) link  28 , and through the LAN  30  to the central computer  10 . It should be noted that any of the mobile units can also be connected directly to the central computer  10  via any of the above communication links without first passing through the LAN  30 .  
         [0033]    The computers that comprise the mobile units can be personal computers, notebook computers, handheld computers, or any other type of computer with sufficient memory and processing power. Furthermore, any communication link between the mobile units and the central computer  10  that allows for transfer of data can be used in accordance with the present invention.  
         [0034]    In a preferred embodiment, handheld computing devices  26  are used as the mobile units and are connected to the central computer  10  through the LAN  30  via a communication link. The technicians using the mobile units enter details related to an equipment repair or maintenance service order via the mobile units in place of handwritten, manual work orders. Labor, parts used, job related employee expenses (i.e. travel, mileage) and any additional service details are entered into the system via the mobile unit, as described further below. The date and time of service, machine identification, length of repair work, and safety check list are also contained on the order entry screen of the mobile units. The customer signature can also be captured on the mobile unit via techniques that are known in the art.  
         [0035]    A description of the repair or service work performed is captured by the mobile unit through a series of work codes that are defined specifically for the model of equipment or machine being serviced or repaired. The technicians are able to simply select the codes that describe the repair work through a series of list boxes on the screen of the mobile unit, as described below. The information can then be transmitted to the central computer  10  via the LAN  30  for storage and integration into other software applications such as customer billing, inventory control, cost reporting, vendor processing and accounts payable, payroll and labor distribution.  
         [0036]    In an alternate embodiment, desktop personal computers connected to the central computer  10  via either the LAN  30  or directly through the global computer network are used for technicians operating in a shop environment. Furthermore, in an alternate embodiment, a printer can be included so that a printed copy of the service order form is available if desired.  
         [0037]    When the system software is installed on the mobile unit, whether it is a desktop personal computer, a handheld computer, a laptop computer, or other type of computer, the mobile unit is assigned a specific user id and password. The unique password must be entered to access the system. Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment, each technician in the system is associated with a mobile unit, and thus, with a user id and a password.  
         [0038]    In alternate embodiments, a single mobile unit can be used by multiple technicians, wherein each technician has his or her own user id, and there is a single password for the mobile unit with each technician logging onto the mobile unit using the same password. Also, a single technician may have multiple mobile units assigned to the technician, such as, for example, a technician using a desktop personal computer when working in a shop and also using a handheld computer when performing work in the field. Finally, multiple technicians can share multiple mobile units. For example, a number of technicians may work in the same shop and the shop may be equipped with two or more mobile units. Any one of the technicians can use any one of the machines. As mentioned above, each technician has his or her own unique user id, and each machine has a distinct password used by all technicians.  
         [0039]    Referring now to FIG. 2, a flow diagram is shown illustrating the steps of the system through a series of screens that allow the technicians to control the flow of information to and from the mobile units. The screens allow the flexibility of incorporating messages and/or default information on the screens of the mobile units. The system is started when the mobile unit is powered up at step  100 . At step  102 , the mobile service system start screen is displayed, including, if desired, an orientation screen. Next, at step  104 , the technician is prompted to enter his or her password that is associated with the specific user id and mobile unit associated with the technician.  
         [0040]    The system is then consulted at step  106  to determine whether the user is authorized and to verify that the correct password has been entered. When a valid password is entered at step  104 , the system presents the standard service order customer screen, shown in FIG. 4. In an alternate embodiment, at step  108 , messages and information can be displayed on the screens of the mobile unit prior to the display of the customer screen. Also, as a further alternate embodiment, a touch keyboard on the screen of the mobile unit can be included and used by the technician when activated, as is known in the art. This allows a handheld computing unit that does not incorporate a full keyboard to perform the full functionality of the system, further reducing the size of the handheld unit.  
         [0041]    At the next step  110 , customer and service order information is supplied to the technician at the customer screen. The system automatically recalls the previously accessed customer and service order, and automatically starts at customer tab  200 . To retrieve a different order, the technician clicks the arrow  202  next to the service order box  204 , shown in FIG. 4. A list of all orders currently stored in the database is displayed. The desired service order can be entered via the keyboard or the touchpad screen, or the stored orders can be scrolled through to located and choose the desired order from the list. This list of orders can be displayed in customer, machine id, order number, or date due sequence, either in ascending or descending order. Also, the system can be set so that only open orders are displayed, or alternatively, so that all orders are displayed. Finally, which orders can be displayed on which mobile units is predetermined by the system administrator. For example, the system can be restricted so that only orders that are assigned to a specific technician can be accessed by the mobile unit assigned to that technician.  
         [0042]    Information about the service order chosen by the technician is retrieved from service order table  112  and supporting tables  114 . These tables  112  and  114  include information such as materials, instructions, labor, expenses, safety information, comments, etc., which are described further below. At step  116 , multiple screens can be tabbed through by the service technician such that the technician can receive information on some screens (such as instructions), input information on some screens (such as material, labor, other outside information, expenses, miscellaneous comments, safety information, warranty information, etc.), and receive and input information on some screens (such as customer data or header data), as described in  118 . As the technician tabs through the screens at step  118 , the technician enters applicable information regarding work performed by the technician. The information entered is stored by the mobile unit and ultimately transmitted to the central computer for uses such as those described above.  
         [0043]    A new service order can be added to the system by selecting a new order function when the list of service orders is displayed. When a new service order is created, a service order number will be assigned to the service order. In the preferred embodiment, the service order number will contain a specific mobile unit number that is unique to the mobile unit through which the new service order is entered plus a four digit sequentially assigned number. After the new service order number is assigned, the technician selects the machine that is being repaired from the machine id box  206 . To view a list of all machines currently incorporated into the database, the technician can click the arrow  208  next to the machine id box  206 . The technician can then scroll through the list of machines and select the specific machine being serviced. The technician will then be prompted to fill out the customer information screen inserting all information regarding the specific customer for whom the new service order is being created, as shown in FIG. 4.  
         [0044]    The technician can also add a new machine to the machine database by selecting the add function when scrolling through the machine id list. To add a new machine, the technician fills out the fields on the machine screen and saves the information on the mobile unit. When the new machine has been added to the machine database, the machine will then appear on the machine id list.  
         [0045]    After the technician has selected the appropriate service order and machine id, either by selecting an existing service order and related machine id or by entering information about a new service order and machine id, the technician is ready to enter information about the work related to the service order that has been assigned to the technician. This entry of information begins with the input of information requested in the header screen, which is shown in FIG. 5.  
         [0046]    Referring to FIG. 5, when the header tab  220  is clicked, a screen having various fields is displayed. All fields on the screen should be filled during work on the applicable service order. The header screen shown in FIG. 5 consists of basic information relative to the repair order and the machine that is being repaired. In the preferred embodiment, information in the fields for the date that the repair order was opened in open date box  222  and the date when the completion of the order is due in date due box  224  has already been inserted by the central computer  10 , and is not  10  accessible by the technician through the mobile unit.  
         [0047]    Referring further to FIG. 5, information about the machine being serviced is entered by the technician during inspection of the machine being serviced or repaired. The hour meter reading of the machine is entered at hour meter box  226 . The latch count reading of the machine is entered at the latch box  228 , if applicable. The rotate count reading of the machine is entered at rotate box  230 , if applicable. If the repairs required to the machine are the result of damage, damage box  230  is checked by the technician. Next, the visit type code is entered in visit type box  234 . Standard visit type codes can be incorporated in the system such as: courtesy call; callout; erection; load transfer; manufacturer&#39;s rework; preventative maintenance; scheduled service; watchdog; or any other standard visit type code desired by the user that has been programmed into the system.  
         [0048]    In a preferred embodiment, a power job box  236  is incorporated in the header screen. The power job box  236  is used to flag the order if a customer specific job code is required for all detailed records on the service order for that the customer. The customer specific job code is available for any customer job code tables that have been installed in the system database. If one of the customer specific job codes is selected in the power job field, the specific customer&#39;s job codes will be available for the various fields on the mobile unit in addition to the standard job codes. This function is optional and is not required for the operation of the mobile unit or the system.  
         [0049]    The next area on the header screen shown in FIG. 5 are the boxes specifically related to the repair work. As discussed above, the date opened box  222  and date due box  224  are generally not accessible by the technician using a mobile unit. In the callout boxes  238  and  240 , the technician enters the date and time of the start of the job. In the arrival boxes  242  and  244 , the technician enters the date and time of arrival at the job site. In the job completed boxes  246  and  248 , the technician enters the date and time of completion of the job. In the hours down box  250 , the technician enters the number of hours the machine was actually out of service during repair work. In the travel time box  252 , the technician enters the number of travel hours both to and from the job site. Finally, in the date closed box  254 , the technician enters a date when all entries in the system for this order are complete. In the preferred embodiment, the date closed will not be able to be entered into box  254  until all fields have been completed, most notably the safety inspection screen and related fields described further below.  
         [0050]    Referring now to FIG. 6, the instructions screen of the mobile unit is shown. The instructions screen is accessed when the technician clicks the instructions tab  260  on the mobile unit screen. This instructions screen contains information that is transmitted from the central computer  10  to the individual mobile unit. The instructions screen is an inquiry only screen, and cannot be modified by the technician at the mobile unit. Work instructions for the technician will be displayed here. The technician should review the instructions screen when accessing the service order to read any special instructions regarding the job. As an alternate embodiment, this screen can automatically be displayed on the mobile unit when the technician accesses any service order. There are three main text areas on the instructions screen. The first is the work instructions box  262  which includes a brief description of required repairs. The descriptions in the work instructions box  262  are based on a standardized table on the central computer  10 .  
         [0051]    The next box is the external instructions box  264 . This box allows free entry of text at the central computer  10  for review by the technician on the mobile unit. The data that is contained in this external instructions box  264  appears on any printouts of the service order and on the customer invoice. The next box is the internal instructions box  266 . This box also allows free entry of text at the central computer  10  for review by the technician. However, the data that is contained in the internal instructions box  266  does not appear on printouts of the service order or on the customer invoice.  
         [0052]    Referring now to FIG. 7, the material screen of the mobile unit is illustrated. The technician can access the material screen by clicking the material tab  270 . Parts and materials used by the technician in performing work for a service order are entered into the material screen. A master parts file is included in the system and is used to search for specific material or parts numbers. Information entered on the material screen is transferred to the central computer  10  through the system network as described above, and the information can be used for a variety of inventory applications such as inventory control and cost tracking.  
         [0053]    The material screen includes a material number box  272 , in which the technician inserts the part number used. In an alternate embodiment, a bar code reader may be included with the mobile unit so that the technician can simply scan the item being used rather than manually enter the part number. The technician can also click the arrow  274  next to the material number box  272  to scroll through a list of parts from the parts data file. The part number entered by the technician must be a valid part number from the database or the system will not accept the part number entered.  
         [0054]    After the technician has entered the part number in box  272 , the quantity of parts used is entered in quantity box  276 . The unit of measure (UOM) appears on the detailed display area  286  on the lower portion of the screen, which will be described further below.  
         [0055]    Next, the technician enters the warehouse from which the material or parts will be received in the warehouse box  278 . This information can then be used by the central computer to deduct that inventory from the warehouse database. In a preferred embodiment, each technician is assigned a specific warehouse from which the technician generally receives materials and parts. Thus, for that technician&#39;s mobile unit, the warehouse number to which the technician is assigned is automatically entered by default in the warehouse box  278 . This default value can be changed by the technician if it is necessary to obtain materials or parts from an alternate warehouse.  
         [0056]    The job code box  280  is filled in by the technician to indicate how the specific line item being entered will be charged. Depending on the code entered in the job code box  280 , the customer may be invoiced for the parts or material used, or the charge may be internal to the company performing the repair work. For example, entering job code  1  will generate a customer invoice. Additional codes can be incorporated into the system to more specifically indicate the type of charge for the specific part or material. These codes are then sent to the central computer  10  for invoicing.  
         [0057]    Finally, the part tag box  282  allows the technician to enter the tracking number of a tag attached by the technician to any failed part or material on the machine to be repaired that requires repair or service due to failure, wear, or other factors. This information can then be sent to the central computer  10  for further use in tracking failed parts and analyzing failure of specific machines. A value is only entered in box  282  for failed parts or materials that are being returned for replacement or repair.  
         [0058]    After the above information has been entered, the technician clicks the add button  284  to add the part or material information to the detailed display area portion of the screen  286 . For each material or part number entered by the technician, a separate line item is generated in the detailed display area  286 . The line items can then be deleted or modified by clicking on the specific line item, which will display the specific material or part in to the boxes as described above. These boxes can then be modified and resaved.  
         [0059]    Referring now to FIG. 8, the labor screen of the system is shown. The labor screen is accessed by the technician by clicking labor tab  290 . This screen allows the technician to enter work performed by the technician in response to the service order. In the preferred embodiment, a series of codes describing types of work performed is included in the database to allow the technician to enter work performed through the use of codes, rather than requiring the technician to input a detailed description of the work performed. These codes build a narrative of the repair for printing on the service order that is far more detailed then what is conventionally entered through handwritten reports of work performed. The data is also sent to the central computer  10  for later analysis of machine failure and to monitor a machine repair order history for both the specific machine and for the technician performing the repair. Also, the technician&#39;s hours are entered on the labor screen, allowing technicians and the company to track the work of technicians who are paid by the hour.  
         [0060]    The technician enters the date of performance of the repair labor in the date box  292 . This box defaults to the current date when entering information. If the technician is entering information about work performed on a date other than the current date, the default information in the date box  292  can be modified either by typing an alternate date directly into the date box  292  or by clicking on the calendar icon  294  next to the date box  292  to select the proper date from a calendar displayed on the screen.  
         [0061]    The technician also enters the person who performed the work in the technician box  296 . The technician contained in technician box  296  will default to the technician who has been assigned to the specific mobile unit being used. The technician can change the individual shown in this box either by typing a different technician&#39;s name directly into the technician box  296  or by clicking on the arrow  298  next to the technician box  296  to view a list of technicians in the system database and selecting one of the listed technicians.  
         [0062]    The job code box  300  is filled in by the technician to indicate how the specific line item being entered will be charged. Depending on the code entered in the job code box  300 , the customer may be invoiced for the labor performed or the charge may be internal to the company providing the labor. For example, entering job code  1  will generate a customer invoice. Additional codes can be incorporated into the system to more specifically indicate the type of charge for the specific labor performed. These codes are then sent to the central computer for invoicing.  
         [0063]    The technician can enter the hours worked in performing the specific labor for the work order in hours box  302 . This box may also be filled by the system automatically based on the calculated hours between start time and stop time entered as described below. It is preferred to allow the system to calculate the hours worked, rather than having the technician directly enter information in the hours box  302 .  
         [0064]    The start time box  304  allows the technician to enter the starting time of the labor line item being entered. While the technician can directly enter the start time, the preferred method of entering the start time is to click on the clock icon  306  located next to the start time box  304 . When the clock icon  306  is clicked, the current time is automatically entered into the start time box  304 . The system can be set for any minimum increment of time (such as fifteen minutes), and the start time will automatically entered as being the immediately previous time increment.  
         [0065]    The stop time box  308  allows the technician to enter the ending time of the labor line item being entered. As described with respect to the start time box  304 , the stop time box  308  allows for input of the stop time directly by the technician or allows the technician to click the clock icon  310  next to the stop time box  308  to automatically enter the current time into the stop time box  308 . Also as described with respect to the start time box  304 , predetermined increments of time can be incorporated into the system so that when the clock icon  310  is clicked, the next increment of time is entered into stop time box  308 .  
         [0066]    The automatic calculation of time for the hours box  302  will occur after the time in the stop time box  308  is entered. In the preferred embodiment, if a number of hours was previously entered in the hours box  302 , that number will be replaced by the actual number between start time and stop time when the time is entered into stop time box  308 . The earn type box  312  allows the technician to enter the earn type of the work performed, such as standard time, overtime, or double time. The default for this box is standard time.  
         [0067]    Work performed box  314  allows the technician to enter a description of the work performed by the technician. In the preferred operation of the system, the technician will click the arrow  316  next to the work performed box  314  to reach the detailed work performed screen, which is shown in FIG. 9. The detailed work performed screen includes three fields, the major area field  330 , the component field  332 , and the repair field  334 . The descriptions contained in these fields can be selected by the technician to create a detailed description of the work performed by simply clicking on the desired description in the fields.  
         [0068]    The information contained in the fields on the work performed screen are specific to the machine make and model that was selected with respect to the initial screen illustrated in FIG. 5. The technician will first select the major area of the machine that the work was performed on in major area list  330 . When the major area of repair work is selected the component list  332  will change to those components associated with the selected major area. The technician will then select the component to which repair work was performed from the component list  332 . The technician will then select the appropriate type of repair from the repair list  334 . In the preferred embodiment, this repair list  334  is not dependent upon the major area selected or the component selected, and will not change based on these selections. However, in an alternate embodiment, the specific type of repair work list  334  may be specific to the component and major area chosen by the technician.  
         [0069]    When the desired major area, component, and repair type are selected, the technician clicks the OK button  336  to return to the labor screen illustrated in FIG. 8. The work performed box  314  will then be filled with the selections made in the detailed work performed screen described above.  
         [0070]    After the above information has been entered, the technician clicks the add button  318  to add the labor information to the detailed display area portion of the screen  320 . For each labor task entered by the technician, a separate line item is generated in the detailed display area  320 . The line items can then be deleted or modified by clicking on the specific line item, which will recall the labor description to the boxes on the screen as described above. These boxes can then be modified and resaved.  
         [0071]    Referring now to FIG. 10, the outside screen of the system is shown. The technician accesses the outside screen by clicking outside tab  340 . Through the outside screen, the technician is able to enter outside services and/or vendor work that is sometimes used in performing work under service orders. The services entered through this screen can be transferred to the central computer  10  where the invoice from the outside vendor and subsequent payments to the vendor and billing to the customer can be handled.  
         [0072]    The technician enters the vendor number in vendor number box  342  if the technician knows the vendor number. In the preferred embodiment, there is no validation of the vendor number that is entered and entry of a vendor number is not required. The technician also enters the name of the vendor in the vendor name box  344 , and a description of the service provided by the vendor in service description box  346 . The technician enters the date of the outside service in date box  348 . The date box  348  will automatically show the current date, so if entry is being made on the date of the outside service, no additional entry is necessary. If the date needs to be changed, the technician can either directly enter the date into the date box  348  or click the calendar icon  350  next to the date box  348  and select the proper date from the display calendar.  
         [0073]    The job code box  352  is filled in by the technician to indicate how the specific line item being entered will be charged. Depending on the code entered in the job code box  352 , the customer may be invoiced for the outside services or the charge may be internal to the company providing the labor. For example, entering job code  1  will generate a customer invoice. Additional codes can be incorporated into the system to more specifically indicate the type of charge for the outside service performed. These codes are then sent to the central computer  10  for invoicing.  
         [0074]    If the line item being entered is material purchased rather than outside service performed material box  354  is checked by the technician. This box is useful for determining whether the line item must be taxed (in some states, materials are taxed, while service is not). However, whether or not the line item is material or outside service, the quantity of material purchased is entered in quantity box  356 . If the line item is for an outside service, “1” will be entered in the quantity box  356 . The type of line item charged is entered in type box  358 , and can be selected from a number of predetermined codes, such as outside service or freight for equipment. Finally, the unit cost is entered in unit cost box  360  for the material or service performed.  
         [0075]    After the above information has been entered, the technician clicks the add button  362  to add the outside information to the detailed display area portion of the screen  364 . For each outside service entered by the technician, a separate line item is generated in the detailed display area  364 . The line items can then be deleted or modified by clicking on the specific line item, which will recall the outside description to the boxes on the screen as described above. These boxes can then be modified and resaved.  
         [0076]    Referring now to FIG. 11, the expenses screen of the system is shown. The technician accesses this screen by clicking the expenses tab  370  to enter expenses directly associated with the service order. The expenses screen also allows for entry of material purchased for the service order that is not taken from inventory, such as material purchased directly by the technician at a retail store. The technician enters the date that the expense was incurred in date box  372 . The date box  372  will automatically show the current date, so if entry is being made on the date of the expense, no entry is necessary. If the date needs to be changed, the technician can either directly enter the date into the date box  372 , or click the calendar icon  374  next to the date box  372  and select the proper date from the display calendar.  
         [0077]    The technician then enters the quantity purchased in quantity box  376 , along with a description of the item purchased in the description box  378 . The technician enters the expense type in expense box  380 . The system includes a list of codes of expense type such as freight, lodging, local parts (purchased by technician), fuel surcharge, per diem, and travel. Any other type of expense can be added to the list of codes used by the system. When the expense type is selected a description of the type will be entered in item box  382 . This description can be modified by the technician as desired.  
         [0078]    The job code box  384  is filled in by the technician to indicate how the specific line item being entered will be charged. Depending on the code entered in the job code box  384 , the customer may be invoiced for the expense or the charge may be internal to the company providing the labor. For example, entering job code  1  will generate a customer invoice. Additional codes can be incorporated into the system to more specifically indicate the type of charge for the expense incurred. These codes are then sent to the central computer  10  for invoicing.  
         [0079]    The technician will also enter the cost per unit for the expense in the cost per unit box  386 , as well as the unit of measure of this expense in unit of measure box  388 .  
         [0080]    The technician also enters the person who incurred the expense in the technician box  390 . The technician name in technician box  390  defaults to the technician who has been assigned to the specific mobile unit being used. The technician can change the individual shown in this box either by typing a different technician&#39;s name directly into the box or by clicking on the arrow  392  next to the technician box  390  to vew a list of technicians in the system database and selecting one of the listed technicians.  
         [0081]    After the above information has been entered, the technician clicks the add button  394  to add the expense information to the detailed display area portion of the screen  396 . For each expense entered by the technician, a separate line item is generated in the detailed display area  396 . The line items can then be deleted or modified by clicking on the specific line item, which will recall the expense description to the boxes on the screen as described above. These boxes can then be modified and resaved.  
         [0082]    Referring now to FIG. 12, the comments screen of the system is shown. The technician accesses the comments screen by clicking the comments tab  400 . The comments screen allows the technician to enter miscellaneous text and comments related to the service order. There are two areas for entering comments in this screen, the external comments area  402  and the internal comments area  404 . When the technician clicks inside either of the two boxes  402  or  404 , a keyboard window will be displayed which allows entry of text through the touchscreen keyboard. Information can also be entered through an external keyboard attached to the mobile unit. Text entered in external comments box  402  will appear on any printouts of the service order and on the customer invoice. Text entered into internal comments box  404  will not appear on the printouts of the service order for the customer invoice.  
         [0083]    Referring now to FIG. 13, the safety screen is shown. The safety screen is accessed by the technician by clicking the safety tab  410 . As a general rule, the specific items related to the safe operation of equipment must be inspected by the technician whenever a machine is worked on by that technician. To insure that this occurs, the safety screen must be accessed by the technician and the safety checklist must be filled in before completing the service order. In the preferred embodiment, neither the signature function nor the date closed function on the header screen will be allowed to be filled in until the safety screen has been completed. To complete the safety inspections, the technician consults a list of safety check items that are associated with the machine being service. As the technician inspects each item on the list, the technician clicks the arrow next to the box for that item (for example strobe light box  412  and associated arrow  414 ) for a list of inspection results. In the preferred embodiment, the technician chooses between the following conditions for the safety checklist: not applicable (N/A); operable; missing; damaged; or any other inspection result. The technician can then enter comments if necessary in the text box next to the safety check box (for example text box  416  in FIG. 13).  
         [0084]    Other tabs can be incorporated into the system in accordance with the present invention. For example, a warranty tab can be included so that the technician can enter any warranty information associated with a service order. Additional tabs can be included that are specific to an industry or an application, and still fall within the present invention.  
         [0085]    Referring again to FIG. 2, after the technician has accessed and entered any applicable information at step  118  by tabbing through the screens at step  116  as described above, the technician can access a number of menu processes at step  120 . The technician can choose file print at step  122 , which will print a service order incorporating the information the technician has entered. This service order can be retained by the technician for his or her records or supplied to the customer. The technician can also choose the tools labor recap function at step  126 , and a recap of the labor performed and tools used by work order will be displayed on the mobile unit screen at step  128 . The technician can also request the customer signature at step  130  verify that customer has accepted the work and considers the work to have been performed satisfactorily. The signature is captured by the mobile unit at step  132  and is stored as a .BMP file at step  134  for future reference.  
         [0086]    At step  136 , the mobile unit determines whether the technician has made any change to the service order (i.e. added and/or deleted information) and at step  138  the mobile unit determines whether a new machine is being serviced such that the machine must be added to the system&#39;s machines table, as described above with respect to a technician adding a new machine to the system. The mobile unit then provides any updated information arising from changes made to the service order and additional machines in the machine table to the service order tables  112  and  114 . This information is then transmitted to the mobile service system network at step  142  and is supplied to the central computer  10  as discussed further above and below.  
         [0087]    Referring now to FIG. 3, a flow diagram of the actions of the central computer is shown. The flow diagram of FIG. 3 begins at step  142 , the transfer of information from the mobile unit to the central computer, which is also the last step shown in FIG. 2. When logging onto the mobile unit at step  144 , the user must enter a password. The username and password are verified from the database as shown at step  146 . At step  148 , the server is connected to the mobile unit via file transfer protocol (FTP) through the LAN  30  and the mobile unit is identified at step  150  through the database. At step  152 , information is sent from the mobile unit to the central computer. At step  154 , information about the mobile unit is provided and at step  156 , additional information input by the technician is transmitted to the central computer  10  and added to the central computer database at steps  158  and  160 .  
         [0088]    At step  162 , the specific machines that were added are identified and updated at steps  164  and  166 . At step  168 , information is sent to the mobile unit regarding the specific machines being serviced, such as table data, machine information, part masters, technicians, job codes, and any other data information and master files, as shown at step  170 . Additional information regarding the work to be performed is transmitted at step  172 . At step  174 , a transmission log record is transmitted to the central computer  10  and the central computer  10  stores information about the transmission at step  176  and  178 . This is useful in diagnosing machine transmission errors. The process is completed at step  180  and the server is signed off at step  182 .  
         [0089]    It is to be understood that a wide range of changes and modifications to the embodiments described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and these changes and modifications are contemplated herein. It is, therefore, intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to define the spirit and scope of the invention.