Abstract:
This invention relates to a horizontal omni-directional windmill comprising a rotor including an upper platform and a lower platform, a plurality of identically configured blades, wherein each of the blades is of a substantially aerodynamic configuration, each of the blades being oriented at a broad angle relative to the radius of the rotor, the blades being oriented in a generally vertical orientation relative to the upper and lower platforms.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION  
       [0001]     This invention relates to horizontally rotating windmills of the type in which a rotor is mounted on a vertical axle and drive shaft, and in which vertically disposed vanes are positioned so as to conduct airflow through the rotor.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     Windmills and wind turbines are well known in the art. Windmills traditionally include a plurality of blades or vanes connected to a rotatable shaft. Wind (or other fluids) act upon the blades to create an aerodynamic or hydrodynamic reaction upon the blades causing the shaft and blades to rotate about the axis of the shaft. Windmills have traditionally been employed across the world to perform functions from pumping of water, grinding grains and with respect to changing kinetic energy to electrical energy, being coupled to other devices for generating and transmitting electrical power. In recent times, due to rising energy costs and awareness of the need for alternative energy sources, interest has greatly increased in devices adapted to capture the power of the wind.  
         [0003]     Examples of the prior art include U.S. Pat. No. 5,126,584 to Ouellet, U.S. Pat. No. 4,926,061 to Arreola and U.S. Pat. No. 4,047,834 to Magoveny et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,126,584 illustrates a windmill including moveable vanes, the vanes being formed of an outer stationary shutter and an inner moveable shutter. U.S. Pat. No. 4,926,061 illustrates a wind trap energy system, each wind trap having a pair of vanes 60 degrees apart from the other for interception of wind kinetic energy from any direction. U.S. Pat. No. 4,047,834 to Mogaveny et al., discloses a windmill having fixed vanes on an outer perimeter of a fixed base member and a plurality of fixed buckets mounted to a rotor mounted on an axle.  
         [0004]     While these references generally disclose windmills of the type contemplated by the present invention, these references do not teach the geometry of the curved, adjustable blades having a wing shaped configuration of the present invention.  
         [0005]     Accordingly, there is a need for a relatively simple, inexpensive windmill with vertically oriented blades capable of being positioned at various angles.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]     According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a horizontal omni-directional windmill comprising a rotor including an upper platform and a lower platform, a plurality of variable angle identically configured blades, wherein each of the blades is of a substantially aerodynamic configuration, each of the blades being oriented at a broad angle relative to the radius of the rotor, the blades being oriented in a generally vertical orientation relative to the upper and lower platforms.  
         [0007]     According to a further aspect of the present invention, the horizontal omni-directional windmill is rotatable about its vertical axis, and also includes means for coupling the rotor to a power generator, the means including a power transfer shaft.  
         [0008]     According to another aspect of the present invention, the horizontal omni-directional windmill includes blades having an angular orientation selected between about 20° and about 50°, between about 35° and about 45°, and desirably about 40°. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0009]      FIG. 1  is an elevational view of the windmill of a first preferred embodiment illustrating the various angles and radii aspects of the present invention;  
         [0010]      FIG. 2  is an exploded view of some of the parts being removed for simplicity of the illustrations;  
         [0011]      FIG. 3  is a top view of the lower platform including a profile blade thereon positioned at approximately 40 degrees to the radius;  
         [0012]      FIG. 4  is a top view of the lower platform including 6 profile blades positioned at approximately 40 degrees and their relative position to each other;  
         [0013]      FIG. 5  is an elevational side view of the windmill including the upper platform, and  
         [0014]      FIG. 6  is a side view of the present invention mounted on a support member. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0015]     With reference to the drawing figures, there is illustrated a preferred form of a rotatable windmill or wind turbine depicted generally by reference numeral  10 . The windmill or wind turbine as illustrated includes a rotatable housing or rotor  10 , defined by spaced apart lower and upper discs or platforms  20  and  30  respectively, blade or vane mounting means  40 , rotatable axle means  50 , and a plurality of variable angle, aerodynamic vanes or profile blades  100 .  FIG. 2  illustrates a disassembled view of the windmill  10 , including upper and lower platforms  20  and  30  and vanes  100 .  
         [0016]     As illustrated in FIGS.  1  to  6 , and more particularly in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , a rotatable housing or rotor  10  includes lower and upper horizontally-disposed discs or platforms ( 20 ,  30 ) connected by the plurality of variable angle profile blades  100 . The lower platform  20  has a substantially circular configuration, including a substantially planar or flat upper and lower surfaces  22  and  24 , and a peripheral edge  26 . The lower platform acts as a base for the rotor  10 . The upper platform or member  30  has a substantially planar or flat upper surface  32  and a planar or flat lower surface  34  with a peripheral edge  36 .  
         [0017]     A illustrated in  FIGS. 3 and 5 , the blades  100  may be set to a desired angle (ie., 20 through 50 degrees) and secured in place between the upper and lower platforms  20 ,  30  through suitable means. The upper and lower platforms alternatively may have suitable indentations or other detent means to secure or lock the profile blades  100  in place. Alternatively, the profile blades may include suitable mounting means in which the blades may be adjusted after they have been secured in place between the upper and lower platforms.  
         [0018]     In use, the rotor or rotatable housing  10  is free to rotate about its longitudinal axis when acted upon by the wind. While any suitable frame or structural support means may be employed, a supporting structure shown generally in  FIG. 6  as reference numeral  80  is described herein for example purposes only. As illustrated, the lower platform  20  is supported on a collar ( 50 ) which is rotatably connected to a power transfer shaft or axle member. In turn, the axle or shaft member  60  is adapted for connection through suitable means to a generator or the like. This rotation is used to drive or power an alternator or generator to produce electricity, which can be used or stored. The generator may be electric, pneumatic, hydraulic or other suitable generator or other mechanism for generating power in transmittable form, for example electricity, or for storage of the generated power. While a collar  50  is illustrated, this support may be replaced by other suitable connections or supports known in the art.  
         [0019]     The profile blades  100  are adapted to “funnel and focus” wind flow through the assembly of the blades  100  and the upper and lower discs  20  and  30 . As noted above, and as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the blades  100  are generally wing-shaped in section, i.e., with a slight concave “inner” face and an outer face having a more pronounced curvature. The blade angle variability may be effected manually, although other methods of varying the angle of the blades  100  may be used. The blades  100  are preferably angled such that the relative arrangement of the blades funnel and focus the wind flow by creating a venturi effect as wind passes through the rotatable housing or rotor  10 . The variable angle of the blades  100  and the means for setting the angle are discussed in greater detail below.  
         [0020]     In a preferred embodiment the blades  100 , as described above and as illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 3 , have a generally elongated or aerofoil or wing shaped configuration, including an inner face  120  and an outer face  110 . Each blade  100  is similar in profile or configuration, for example, to that of an aerodynamic aeroplane wing. The inner face  120  of each blade  100  has a slight “concave” shape, and an outer face  110  which has a slight “convex” configuration. Each blade  100  has a front or leading edge  130 , and a rear or trailing edge  140 . The blades  100  are positioned in a substantially vertical orientation with respect to the horizontally oriented upper and lower platforms ( 20 ,  30 ) and are spaced equidistance from each other between the lower and upper platforms ( 20 ,  30 ) about a common inner circle. The rear or trailing edge of the profile blade terminates inwardly at a distance from the centre of the housing, leaving a central space or common inner circle through which the wind/air can flow after being “funnelled” or directed via the blades  100 .  
         [0021]     Each blade or vane  100  includes a front portion or leading edge  130 , which as shown in  FIG. 1 , is mounted facing the exterior or peripheral edge of the housing  10 , facing the wind. As illustrated, the front or leading edge  130  is sharp, and the rear or trailing edge  140  is of a generally rounded configuration. With respect to the vertical orientation of each blade  100  (between the upper  20  and lower  30  horizontal platforms), each blade  100  includes a lower and upper side  150  and  160 . The lowermost side  150  is adapted to be secured or otherwise positioned onto the lower or bottom disk  20 , while the upper portion or side  160  is adapted to support or receive the upper platform  30 . The position of the profile blade  100  is such that the sharp edge of the blade is adapted to catch the wind. It should be noted that each blade  100 , in comparison to a normal working position or orientation of an aeroplane wing, is reversed in both lateral and longitudinal orientations with the leading or sharp edge  130  catching or facing the wind.  
         [0022]     As illustrated in the  FIG. 4 , six profile blades are employed, however it should be noted that the number and angle of the blades can vary, and should not be limited to six. The number of blades can vary, for example based upon expected intensity of the wind. This variability in the number of blades used helps configure the windmill for optimal performance based on the determined prevailing wind characteristics of a particular location. Preferably, the profile blades  100  are of a predetermined height and length corresponding to dimensions of the discs or platforms ( 20 ,  30 ).  
         [0023]     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , each profile blade  100  is positioned between the lower and upper platforms ( 20 ,  30 ) such that the angle of each blade  100  is variable between approximately 20° to 50° with respect to the radius of the upper and lower platforms. Blades  100  are shown positioned on the lower platform  20 . The lower platform  20  is illustrated as having/being divided about its axis. Reference character “A” is illustrative of the angle between the blade  100  and the radius or circumference, referenced by the character “R”. As illustrated, the rear or trailing edge  130  is generally rounded . As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the representation of the blade  100  is represented by the front of the blade labelled FB. When viewed from a top or elevational perspective, the bottom disk turns in a clockwise direction. It moves like an air-plane wing—whereby the end of the blade catches the wind. As understood by those skilled in the art, the number of blades will vary, for example such as depending on the intended use, area, wind conditions, etc.  
         [0024]     The profile, labelled as reference character R, represents lengths of radius between: 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10; P=point (10 times), P 2  crossing P 6  makes P 8  and produces inner curve as radius lengths is applied. P 2  crossing P 4  makes P 10  and produces outer curve as radius lengths is applied. Reference character “FB” generally represents the rear-ward or trailing edge  140 . As illustrated, the range in variance of the angle is between 20° to 50°, preferably between 25° and 45° and most desirably approximately 40° with respect to the radius of the disk(s).  
         [0025]     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the angles 20°, 30° and 40° correspond to with markings of one-third, (⅓), one half (½) and two-thirds (⅔) of the platform.  
         [0026]     The variable angle of the blades  100  may be effected either through manual means such as positioning the blades  100  at the desired angle prior to completing the assembly of the windmill, or other suitable mechanical means which allow for the movement or placement of the blades to a desired angle. As illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 3 A, each profile blade  100  is mounted in a vertical orientation with respect to the horizontally disposed upper and lower platforms ( 20 ,  30 ) and is positioned at an angle which is adjustable between approximately 20° and 50°. The adjustment of the angle of the blades  100  may be effected prior to the securement of the upper platform  20 . For example, suitable markings such as incremental degrees or other indicia may be present on one or both disks ( 20 ,  30 ) in order to properly align the blades within the correct angle, after which the blades  100  are secured to the upper and lower platforms ( 20 , 30 ).  
         [0027]     In another embodiment, each blade  100  may be fixed or secured proximate the leading edge  130  of the blade  100 , and the rearward edge  140  (inner portion) of the blade  100  such that at least a portion of the blade is moveable between the desired angles. This movement may be effected through suitable means, such as pins and pin receiving apertures or other conventional means which provides for moving and securing each blade  100  between the lower and upper disks or platforms ( 20 ,  30 ). Alternatively, other mechanical means are within the scope of the present invention, which would allow a user to set the angular orientation of the profile blades  100  with respect to the radius of the disks, either individually or all at once. This may be effected either prior to or after placement of the blades between the upper and lower platforms. Alternatively, it is within the scope of the present invention to have a variable angle blade which is adapted to be set and adjusted by an end user.  
         [0028]     As noted above, the dimensions of the blades  100  correspond to that of the rotatable housing  10 . In general terms, the height to diameter ratio of the windmill will determine torque versus speed ratio. This ratio permits the windmill to be coupled to various mechanisms, for example generators. In a preferred embodiment, lengths of the blade are about 10% less than the radius lengths and height of the blade are about 10% more than the radius lengths. The front blade diameter is approximately {fraction (1/7)} of the radius lengths.  
         [0029]     As noted above, the profile blades  100  are arranged on the platforms ( 20 , 30 ) and are adjustable from approximately from 20° to 50°. In a preferred embodiment, the circumference of the blades  100  is the same as the circumference of the platform ( 20 , 30 ). Desirably, the length of the radius of the disc or platform ( 20  or  30 ) is also equal the height of the blade  100 . This relationship can vary for ornamental or other reasons.  
         [0030]     Alternatively, the present invention may also include an embodiment in which the angle of the blade towards the radius is changeable. Suitable blade mounting means  40  are provided to releasably secure the variable blades  100  to the upper and lower platforms  20  and  30 . Mounting means such as—removeable fasteners, handles or other angle control mechanisms may be used to set the blades  100  to the desired angle. In a preferred embodiment, the blades  100  are secured on at least one of the peripheral edges  26 ,  36  through suitable means.  
         [0031]     In use, the angle of the variable blades  100  may be preset, depending on various factors such as location, anticipated use etc., and arranged on the lower disc member  20  according the desired angle. The upper platform is then secured to the profile blades  100 , after which the assembled structure  10  is placed onto a suitable frame or structure, dependent on the anticipated use, (ground installation, tower, roof etc.). Once the windmill or wind-turbine is in place (ie ground installation, tower, building etc.,) the rotatable housing  10  is able to rotate based on the wind direction.  
         [0032]      FIG. 6  is a side view of the present invention mounted to a suitable structure to raise the horizontal windmill above a surface. Alternatively, the windmill  10  may also be positioned at a higher elevation, such as on a tower, the roof of a commercial, residential or agricultural building or other edifice or structure.  
         [0033]     Although embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited thereto and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications form part of the present invention insofar as they do not depart from the spirit, nature and scope of the claimed and described invention.