Abstract:
Light-stable film-forming salts of a sulfonated polymer, especially a sulfonated polyester, and a cationic dye. When these dye-polysalts are coated onto shaped polymeric structures, especially transparent self-supporting films, the resultant products have important optical uses. A polyester film coated with certain red or amber blends of dye-polysalts and provided with a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating is useful as a lithographers&#39; tape.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This is a continuation of Ser. No. 07/449,157 (filed Dec. 18, 1989, now abandoned, which was a continuation of Ser. No. 152,985 (filed Feb. 8, 1988) now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to light-absorbing polymeric salts and to shaped polymeric structures, especially self-supporting films, coated therewith. 
     Photosensitive lithographic plates are readied for printing by exposing them to activating radiation through a negative, thereby rendering the exposed portions ink-receptive and the unexposed portions non-receptive in the case of a negative-acting plate, or vice versa in the case of a positive-acting plate. The higher the quality of printing desired, the more important it is to avoid exposing undesired portions of the plate to radiation. Such inadvertent exposure may occur when pinholes or other flaws exist in the negative, or when certain portions of the negative must be blocked out for use in a different printing operation. It is usually necessary to achieve an absorbance of 3 to 3.5 to satisfy the lithographic preparator. An early attempt to solve this problem involved &#34;painting,&#34; with a radiation-obscuring composition, the portions to be blocked out, a technique that is usually effective but tedious and irreversible. 
     A more sophisticated way to cover areas of a negative is to apply so-called lithographers&#39; tape, a product in which a strongly dyed or pigmented unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) resin composition is extruded as a 50-micrometer film and thereafter coated on one side with a normally tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA). Although this commercially popular tape is convenient to apply, effective, and removable, it is not completely uniform in appearance, hence may raise doubts about quality and thus is less aesthetically appealing than may be desired. Further, the colorants required do not exhibit a &#34;sharp cut-off&#34; and hence severely limit the amount of visible but lithographically inactive (non-actinic) light transmitted; this light is used by the lithographic preparator to verify that desired information has not been inadvertently covered. Additionally, the acetone or other solvent often used to clean the lithographic negative tends to dissolve the UPVC and may cause the color to leach from the film, contaminating adjacent areas and causing considerable annoyance to the printer. 
     Attempts have been made to incorporate dye in such solvent-resistant polymers as polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene, but processing at the required high levels of dye has proved difficult and the higher extrusion temperatures tend to decompose or volatilize the dye. Those dyes that are stable at high temperatures are very limited in the number of colors available. If the dye is incorporated in the pressure-sensitive adhesive, a residual &#34;ghost&#34; color image often remains on the negative when the tape is removed. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In its broadest sense, the invention provides shaped polymeric substrates including films, fibers, fabrics, mats, coatings, particles, spheroids, or even randomly shaped masses with colored coatings or markings. In a presently preferred embodiment, the present invention provides an improved lithographers&#39; tape, possessing the advantages of prior art tapes while avoiding their disadvantages. Like the previous tapes, the tape of the invention is easily applied to a negative, readily covering flaws, blemishes, or other areas to be masked; similarly, after use, it is easily removed. Unlike earlier tapes, however, the colored layer lies beneath the polymer film, so that it is resistant to solvent and its color does not leach. The appearance of this novel tape is uniform and aesthetically pleasing, it has good optical transparency in the non-actinic spectral region with a sharp cutoff, and since the color cannot migrate into the adhesive, it leaves no colored &#34;ghost&#34; after removal from a substrate. 
     The invention relies on a unique composition of matter that is a film-forming, essentially light-stable (i.e., remaining light-absorbing throughout the duration of its intended use and not undergoing polymerization) water-insoluble but organo-soluble salt of a polymeric sulfonate (especially a polyester sulfonate) anion and a dye cation. For convenience this salt will hereinafter be referred to as a &#34;dye-polysalt&#34;. In one embodiment of the invention a layer of this dye-polysalt is bonded to a shaped polymeric substrate, especially a polymeric film, preferably one that is self-supporting. In another embodiment it is applied in imagewise fashion; e.g., the primary colors of cyan, magenta, and yellow, optionally including black, may be applied to produce polychromatic images, which may optionally be shaded. In the presently preferred embodiment of the invention, a layer of the dye-polysalt is bonded over an entire major surface of a self-supporting polymeric film, especially a polyester film, and overcoated with a normally tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesive, thereby yielding a lithographers&#39; tape. For this purpose it is generally desirable for the dye-polysalt to absorb radiation having a wavelength of 250 to 1000 nm, especially 300 to 1000 nm. 
      DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     For convenience, the polymeric sulfonates and cationic dyes employed in the examples are tabulated below: 
     Polymeric Sulfonates 
     Each of the following polymeric sulfonates is a sulfopolyester made by conventionally reacting the indicated molar amounts of diacids and diols to obtain a polymer having the sodium sulfonate equivalent weight listed. 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________      Mole Percent      Diacid                        DiolSulfo- SO.sub.3 Na      Sodiumpolyester Equiva-      Sulfonated            Ortho                 Iso- Tere-         Ethy-                                        1,6-                                            Poly-(Polymeric lent Isophthalic            phthalic                 phthalic                      phthalic                           Adipic                               Sebacic                                    lene                                        Hexane                                            caprolactoneSulfonate) Weight      Acid  Acid Acid Acid Acid                               Acid Glycol                                        Diol                                            MW 530__________________________________________________________________________A     2502 4.0   46                      50B     2962 5.0             45.0          40      10C     2490 5.0        5.0  40.0          45       5D     1350 7.5             32.5 10       50E     1606 7.5             42.5          20  30F     1430 7.5             32.5     10   50G     1483 7.5             21.5     21   50H     1502 7.5             17.5     25   50__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     The following polymeric sulfonate, hereinafter designated &#34;J,&#34; was made by first reacting 2 moles of 5-sodiosulfonato-isophthalic acid and 1 mole of polycaprolactone diol (MW 530) to obtain a product having a molecular weight of 1,588. 50.0 grams of this product was then reacted with 26.5 grams of polycaprolactone diol (MW 530), 14.67 grams of ethylene glycol (MW 62.1), and an excess (55.33 grams) of toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (MW 174.1). The resultant sulfonated polyurethane polymer, which had a sulfonate equivalent weight of 4,653, was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to obtain a 49% solids solution whose sulfonate equivalent weight was 9,530. 
     Another polymeric sulfonate sodium salt (designated &#34;K&#34; herein) was a &#34;50% active&#34; sulfonated polystyrene having a molecular weight of 40,000, obtained from Polysciences, Ltd. under the trade designation #8365. This salt is understood to have a sodium equivalent weight of 412. 
     Cationic Dyes 
     To the extent that the information is available, these dyes will be listed below by their Chemical Abstracts System (CAS) number, Colour Index number, their generic Colour Index name, and the dye name or trade name under which they were obtained. It is to be understood that as obtained from a commercial supplier the dyes may not be full strength and may contain additional substances to enhance their rate of solution. Certain dyes were separately prepared, using procedures well known to those skilled in the art; the Colour Index name or the structural formula for the dye cation is shown in each such case. 
     In cases where the dye concentration is inadequately known, the equivalent weight for the dye cation present may be estimated analytically in preparing the examples. For this purpose a gravimetric procedure based on precipitation of the dye as its tetraphenylborate or perfluoro(4-ethylcyclohexane) sulfonate salt is preferred. The filter containing the water-washed and dried precipitate (as well as the walls of the precipitation vessel, to which some dye-salt may adhere) is then extracted with the least polar reagent grade organic solvent capable of efficiently removing the dye-salt, which may be recovered by evaporation and weighed. 
     The equivalent weight of the dye sample is given by the ratio: ##EQU1## A volumetric procedure is often practical, based on the tendency of the aforementioned precipitants to generate a colloidal suspension of the dye-salt, which coagulates at or near the stoichiometric equivalence point due to reversal of the charge on the particles. Typically the clear solution will have lost nearly all its color at the true end-point. This procedure requires no knowledge of the molecular weight of the dye cation; the equivalent weight of the dye sample is given by the ratio: ##EQU2## In the absence of interfering substances, volumetrically-estimated equivalent weights normally fall within a few percent of those determined gravimetrically. In certain cases a useful, though usually less accurate, estimate of the equivalent weight of a dye sample is provided through followed by evaporation to dryness. This estimate is given by the ratio: ##EQU3## In each of these ratios weights are in milligrams. 
     The prime reason for dye analysis is to prevent having an excess of dye. It is not by any means essential to establish exact stoichiometric equivalence between dye cations and polysalt anions; an excess of the latter is not particularly harmful. If, however, the dye cations are in excess, they will be accompanied necessarily by non-polymeric anions, and will not be held by coulombic electrical forces to the polysalt, thus will be free to diffuse out and contaminate adjacent material. Such a situation departs from the spirit of this invention. 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________Dye   CAS   Colour Index No. and Generic Name                                Dye Name or       Dye EquivalentNo.   No.   or Dye Cation Formula       Trade Name        Weight__________________________________________________________________________ 1 6363-84-4  51215    Basic Black 7   --              267 2 3521-06-0  42025    Basic Blue 1  New Solid Green 3B                                                  493 3 33203-82-6 51004    Basic Blue 3  Genacryl ® Blue                                                  1160 4 61-73-4    52015    Basic Blue 9  Methylene Blue    374 5 569-64-2   42000    Basic Green 4 Malachite Green   473 6 3056-93-7  48035    Basic Orange 21                                Atacryl ® Orange                                                  614-FS 7 477-73-6   50240    Basic Red 2   Safranin Y        351 8 3648-36-0  48015    Basic Red 13  Atacryl ® Pink                                                  619S 9 548-62-9   42555    Basic Violet 3                                Crystal Violet    49310 81-88-9    45170    Basic Violet 10                                Rhodamine B       47911 2390-54-7  49005    Basic Yellow 1                                Thioflavin        39312 4208-80-4  48055    Basic Yellow 11                                Atacryl ® Yellow                                                  449FS13 12217-50-4          Basic Yellow 13                                Atacryl ® Yellow                                                  130014 12270-31-4          Basic Yellow 21                                Intradene ® Fast Yellow 7GL15 52435-14-0 11480    Basic Yellow 24                                Basacryl  ® Yellow                                                  322016 41025-67-6 11450    Basic Yellow 28                                Basacryl ® Yellow                                                  73817 54060-92-3 48054    Basic Yellow 28                                Atacryl ® Yellow GA                                                  807%18 12221-86-2          Basic Yellow 40                                Atacryl ® Brilliant Flavine 9GFF19 61951-43-7          Basic Yellow 53                                Sevron ® Yellow 8GMF20 71838-81-8          Basic Yellow 61                                Sandocryl ® Brilliant Yellow                                B5GL21 71838-82-9          Basic Yellow 63                                Astrazon ® Yellow 8GSL22 80802-82-0          Basic Yellow 73                                Cathilon ® Yellow CD-RLH23     ##STR1##                                     31524 51802-84-7     ##STR2##                                     41125 21995-41-5     ##STR3##                   5,7-dimethyl- 2,3-dihydro diazepinium                                                  16026 40836-01-9     ##STR4##                   2,4,6-triphenyl- pyrylium(chloride)                                                  34527 46462-94-6     ##STR5##                                     24628 47827-22-5     ##STR6##                                     71429 80989-42-0     ##STR7##                                     57730 82926-12-3     ##STR8##                                     86031 *     ##STR9##                                     98332 47164-23-8     ##STR10##                                    31333 22967-08-4     ##STR11##                                    27234     ##STR12##                  4-(3&#39;-trimethyl- ammoniopropyl-                                amino) nitro- benzene                                                  36535 78197-03-2     ##STR13##                  1,4-bis(3&#39;-tri- methylammonio-                                propylamino) anthraquinone                                                  34636     ##STR14##                  4-(4&#39;-nitro- phenyl)-1,1- dimethylpip                                er- azinium       36337       Red dye mix of Example 1                      405__________________________________________________________________________ *U.S. Pat. App. 87121571, Cpd. 5, Formula 2 
    
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     A solution of 2.49 g. sulfopolyester C (sodium salt) in 20.00 g. methanol and 77.51 g. water was mixed with the ionic equivalent amount of the chloride salt of Dye No. 4, viz., 100 ml. of 0.01 N. aqueous solution. An immediate precipitation of the dye-polysalt occurred. The mixture was then heated to 80° C. on a steam bath for one hour to complete the reaction, little or no dye remaining in solution. The aqueous phase was removed by careful decantation and the solid deposit washed three times with 100-mL portions of 80° C. water for 15 min. to remove sodium chloride. The insoluble dye-polysalt, dried to constant weight in a 100° C. oven, weighed 2.7 g. A 1.0 g. portion was dissolved in 19.0 g. 1,2-dichloroethane to give an intensely blue solution, which upon application to poly(ethylene terephthalate) film dried to a strongly adherent water-resistant transparent blue coating. The coated film was usable as a filter for modifying the color of incandescent or fluorescent lights, as for decorative or photographic purposes. 
     The term &#34;absorbance,&#34; as used herein, is defined in the manner accepted by spectroscopists, being the common logarithm of the ratio I o  /I, where I o  is the intensity of the incident light and I the intensity of the transmitted light; normally this is defined for a relatively narrow wavelength interval and plotted as a function of wavelength. When the observed sample is a dye, there will typically be one or more wavelengths at which the absorbance passes through a maximum; such wavelengths are denoted by the symbol λMAX. A measure of the breadth of the absorbing region is provided by defining the wavelengths λ A  and λ B , at which the sample absorbance is one-half of its value at λMAX. We define λ A  as the shorter of the two wavelengths, shorter also than λMAX. The molar extinction coefficient, ε, for a dye is defined as the absorbance of a dye (solution) sample, divided by the molar concentration of the dye and by the light&#39;s path length, in cm., in the sample. For the purposes of this invention it is convenient to define the relative extinction coefficient, ε R , as the ratio of a dye&#39;s ε to that for the dye methylene blue, (Dye No. 4), observed under similar conditions. It will be apparent that a dye should be selected to have a molar extinction coefficient suitable for the desired use; for the purposes of this invention ε R  must be greater than about 0.01, and preferably at least about 0.1, at one or more wavelengths. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that the absorbance of a coating is dependent on the concentration of the dye and the thickness of the coating, and that molar extinction coefficients of two or more dyes may be directly compared when they are present in the same coating and at known relative molar concentrations, provided that their absorptions do not overlap. Methylene blue having been chosen as the standard and assigned a value of ε  R  =1.00, it is only necessary to utilize other dyes such as Dyes No. 6 and 25 as secondary standards if, for example, a violet, blue, or green dye is to be compared. By this means it is not difficult to verify the utility of a dye for the purposes of this invention. It must not be assumed that dyes with the highest extinction coefficients will be suitable for all purposes; when less intense colors having high resistance to light-fading are required, dyes such as No. 34, 35, and 36 may be strongly preferred. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     In a screw-capped 25-mL vial was placed 2.49 g. sulfopolyester C (sodium salt), 0.35 g. Dye No. 26, and 22.2 g. 1,2-dichloroethane. The mixture was heated to 70° C. (on a steam bath) until a low viscosity homogeneous solution of the dye-polysalt resulted, after which it was carefully decanted from the precipitated sodium chloride, and a portion was coated on polyester film. The transparent yellow coating, (λA=338 nm, λB=438 nm, λmax=415 nm, εR=0.2) also absorbed strongly in the near-ultraviolet, (λmax=366 nm, εR=0.3) and was suitable for use as an ultraviolet filter for removing the mercury emission lines (at ca. λ=365 nm) that are typically strongly present, though unwanted, in fluorescent-light illumination. As an additional benefit, the strong emission lines at ca. λ=406 nm are also removed. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Following the procedure of Example 3, a 0.71-g. portion of Dye No. 28 was reacted with an ionically equivalent amount of sulfopolyester D, (1.35 g.), and 1,2-dichloroethane (12.34 g.), to yield a deep blue solution which was separated by decantation from precipitated sodium salts and coated on polyester film. The strongly adherent and intensely blue coating had λmax=643 nm. and also an even stronger absorption in the near-infrared region at λmax=827 nm. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     The procedure of Example 3 was repeated except that a 10% excess over the ionically equivalent amount of sulfopolyester A (2.75 g.) was used in place of sulfopolyester D, and 36.50 g. of 1,2-dichloroethane was used. The resulting deep blue solution, after filtration to remove fine particles down to about 8 micrometers, was applied to polyester film, forming a tightly-adherent water-resistant blue coating. When applied to a poly(methyl methacrylate) optical-recording disk it absorbed the incident ♭reading&#34; laser light of 820 nm.; however, when the solid state laser power was increased by a factor of about ten for the purpose of &#34;writing&#34; digital information, the heating effect of the strongly absorbed laser light was great enough to cause destruction of the dyed polymer layer and consequent removal of the dye, thus providing non-absorbing spots corresponding to the digital information being encoded, which then was immediately able to be &#34;read&#34; by the laser system operating in its lower power mode. Other dye-polysalts capable of absorbing infra-red radiation may, of course be substituted for the dye-polysalt used in this example. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Following the procedure of Example 2, seven vials, each containing 2.49 g. of sulfopolyester C and 22.2 g. of 1,2-dichloroethane, but differing in the amount of Dye No. 11, were prepared. The weights of dye varied in about equal steps from 0.39 to 0.19 g., thus providing ionic equivalent ratios, dye/sulfopolyester of 0.99, 0.91, 0.84, 0.75, 0.66 0.57 and 0.48. All went into solution, but with increasing difficulty and resulting in increasingly viscous solutions, varying from watery to a thick syrup. This behavior is in accord with there being a tendency toward ion-multiplet formation when unreplaced sodium cations are present but not when large dye cations predominate. The ion-multiplets bridge between different polymer chains, thus serving as labile crosslinks which cause increased viscosity. The extent of ion-multiplet formation decreases markedly at elevated temperatures. Coatings made from the lower ratio samples do, for example, show increasing tendency to swell and soften when contacted with moisture, a normally undesirable property; however, moderate departures from stoichiometry do not result in coatings having poor adhesion or other greatly inferior properties. Therefore it is not necessary to have an exact equivalent weight for the dye to be used in preparing a dye-polysalt. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     In a one-gallon screw-capped glass jar were placed 429.0 g. of sulfopolyester F (0.300 molar equivalents of Na.sup.⊕) and an ionically equivalent amount of cations of a mixture of dyes, namely Dye No. 25, 6.42 g. (0.040 mole); Dye No. 23, 22.70 g. (0.072 mole); Dye No. 24, 24.66 g. (0.060 mole); Dye No. 12, 27.14 g. (0.061 mole); Dye No. 6, 9.60 g. (0.016 mole); and Dye No. 8, 30.16 g. (0.049 mole), and 3000 g. of 1,2-dichloroethane. The mixture was allowed to react under agitation and gentle warming to ca. 40° C. until all polymer had dissolved. The solution was then pressure-filtered to remove all particles larger than 2 micrometers. A small portion of this solution was evaporated to dryness to furnish material for solubility testing, and another small portion was used for adhesion testing. The remainder was employed in the following manner to provide deeply-colored non-actinic coating film and pressure-sensitive tape. 
     A thin coating of the dye-polysalt solution was applied by extrusion coating to one side of a 25-micrometer biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate (polyester) film, which was then passed through a 70° C. oven to evaporate the solvent, leaving a dried red coating approximately 8 micrometers thick. The coating thus produced absorbed light strongly from 310 nm to 565 nm with an absorbance of 3.5 or more within this range, yet showed good transparency from 600 nm to longer wavelengths, the absorbance being below 0.25. This is described as &#34;sharp cut-off&#34; behavior; the coating is essentially opaque to actinic light for common presensitized lithographic plates while not being optically opaque. A dilute urethane low adhesion backsize solution (cf. U.S. Pat. No. 2,532,011) was then applied to the opposite side of the film and the solvent evaporated. Next a dilute crosslinked acrylic primer solution was applied over the dye-polysalt coating and the solvent evaporated to leave a coating about 8 micrometers thick. Over the primer coating was then applied a 55% solids heptane solution of a 90:10 isooctyl acrylate:acrylic acid copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesive, and the solvent evaporated, leaving an adhesive coating about 25 micrometers thick, and providing a red-colored tape suitable for masking lithographic negatives. The fact that the thickness of the tape is less than the previously available commercial product is considered advantageous, as its lower profile is much less likely to cause handling difficulties. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Following the procedure of Example 6, 200.3 g. of sulfopolyester F (0.140 molar equivalent of Na.sup.⊕) was reacted with Dye No. 25, 4.82 g. (0.030 mole); Dye No. 23, 9.45 g. (0.030 mole); Dye No. 24, (12.33 g. (0.030 mole), Dye No. 12, 13.57 g. (0.030 mole); and Dye No. 6, 12.00 g. (0.020 mole) in 1500 g. of 1,2-dichloroethane. The filtered solution was similarly coated on the same grade of polyester film. The coating thus produced was essentially opaque to ultraviolet and visible light from 310 nm to 515 nm, exhibiting an absorbance in excess of 3.5 over that region. It showed good transparency from 540 nm to longer wavelengths, its absorbance being below 0.25. This film, and pressure-sensitive lithographic tape made therefrom by the method of Example 6, is non-actinic toward those presensitized lithographic plates that have been specially desensitized to wavelengths beyond about 500 nm in order that they may be handled under amber rather than red illumination. This is considered to be a substantial commercial advantage owing to the wider optical range which allows more precise use of the tape. 
     It is presently preferred to coat the dye-polysalts from an appropriate solvent, although it might be feasible to employ a colloidal dispersion, or even a hot melt for the more heat-resistant dyes. A solution can be applied by any suitable means, e.g., roll coating curtain coating, knife coating, painting, wiping, flow coating, spraying, and the like. Determination of an organic solvent that is useful for a given dye-polysalt is relatively easy, involving simple empirical experimentation. 
     For many uses, it is important that the dye-polysalt coating be well bonded to the support on which it is coated. As might be expected, the degree of adhesion of a given dye-polysalt is dependent on the specific substrate, and a dye-polysalt that adheres well to one substrate may not adhere nearly so well to another. On the other hand, a different dye-polysalt may have altogether different adhesion characteristics. The degree of adhesion can be measured conveniently by using a razor blade to score six parallel lines spaced about 1 mm apart in the dried coating and then to score an additional six similarly spaced parallel lines at right angles to the first, thereby creating a crosshatched pattern of 25 squares, each approximately 1 mm on a side. A strip of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive tape (3M &#34;Magic&#34; Tape, No. 810) is pressed firmly onto the crosshatched surface, the tape aligned at about 45° to the scored lines and allowed to dwell for approximately 30 seconds. The tape is then pulled away at approximately right angles to the surface, the degree of adhesion, expressed as percent, being four times the number of colored squares remaining adhered to the support. It has been found convenient to classify the degree of adhesion somewhat less precisely, as follows: &#34;A&#34;, 100% adhesion; &#34;B&#34;, 75-98%; and &#34;C&#34;, less than 75%. 
     The following tabulated examples show the interrelationship of substrate and dye-polysalt on adhesion values: 
     
         ______________________________________Dye-polysaltEx-               Dye       Polymer    Adhe-ample Substrate   Cation No.                       Polyanion  sion______________________________________ 8    Polystyrene 8         Polyurethane sul-                                  C sheet                 fonate 9    Polystyrene 9         Polystyrene sul-                                  A sheet                 fonate10    Polystyrene Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                C sheet11    Poly(methyl 8         Polyurethane sul-                                  B methacrylate)         fonate sheet12    Poly(methyl 9         Polystyrene sul-                                  A methacrylate)         fonate sheet13    Poly(methyl Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                A methacrylate) sheet14    Polycarbonate             8         Polyurethane sul-                                  C                       fonate15    Polycarbonate             9         Polystyrene sul-                                  A                       fonate16    Polycarbonate             Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                A17    Styrenated  8         Polyurethane sul-                                  C Polyester             fonate18    Styrenated  9         Polystyrene sul-                                  A Polyester             fonate19    Styrenated  Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                B Polyester20    Polyimide   8         Polyurethane sul-                                  B film                  fonate21    Polyimide   9         Polystyrene sul-                                  A film                  fonate22    Polyimide   Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                A film23    Cellulose   8         Polyurethane sul-                                  C acetate               fonate film24    Cellulose   9         Polyurethane sul-                                  A acetate               fonate film25    Cellulose   Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                C acetate film26    Polyvinyl   8         Polyurethane sul-                                  C fluoride              fonate film27    Polyvinyl   9         Polyurethane sul-                                  B fluoride              fonate film28    Polyvinyl   Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                C fluoride film29    Polyvinyl   8         Polyurethane sul-                                  A chloride              fonate film30    Polyvinyl   9         Polyurethane sul-                                  A chloride              fonate film31    Polyvinyl   Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                A chloride film32    Polyvinyl-  8         Polyurethane sul-                                  A idene chloride        fonate film33    Polyvinyl-  9         Polyurethane sul-                                  C idene chloride        fonate film34     Polyvinyl- Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                A idene chloride film35    Gelatin     8         Polyurethane sul-                                  C (photographic         fonate print)36    Gelatin     9         Polystyrene sul-                                  A (photographic         fonate print)37    Gelatin     Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                A (photographic print)38    Phenol      8         Polyurethane sul-                                  C formaldehyde          fonate resin39    Phenol      9         Polystyrene sul-                                  B formaldehyde          fonate resin40    Phenol      Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                B formaldehyde resin41    Melamine    8         Polyurethane sul-                                  C formaldehyde          fonate resin42    Melamine    9         Polystyrene sul-                                  A formaldehyde          fonate resin43    Melamine    Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                C formaldehyde resin44    Nylon sheet 8         Polyurethane sul-                                  C                       fonate45    Nylon sheet 9         Polystyrene sul-                                  B                       fonate46    Nylon sheet Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                B47    Acetal sheet             8         Polyurethane sul-                                  B                       fonate48    Acetal sheet             9         Polystyrene sul-                                  A                       fonate49    Acetal sheet             Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                B50    Latex paint 8         Polyurethane sul-                                  B                       fonate51    Latex paint 9         Polystyrene sul-                                  A                       fonate52    Latex paint Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                A53    Glossy oil  8         Polyurethane sul-                                  C paint                 fonate54    Glossy oil  9         Polystyrene sul-                                  B paint                 fonate55    Glossy oil  Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                B paint56    Polyester   8         Polyurethane sul-                                  C film                  fonate57    Polyester   9         Polystyrene sul-                                  C film                  fonate58    Polyester   Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                A film59    Polyurethane             8         Polyurethane sul-                                  A film                  fonate60    Polyurethane             9         Polystyrene sul-                                  B film                  fonate61    Polyurethane             Red polysalt mix of Example 6                                A______________________________________ 
    
     In the foregoing examples the polyurethane-sulfonate dye-polysalt was dissolved in, and coated from, a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane. Either of these solvents or 1,2-dichloroethane, could have been used individually for this purpose. They dye-polysalts typically show good solubility, in excess of 5% by weight, in a wide variety of useful coating solvents. Thus, the polystyrene-sulfonate dye-polysalt was coated from nitromethane but has good solubility in γ-butyrolactone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol; it shows fair solubility (1% or greater) in cyclopetanone, pyridine, methanol, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and 2-methoxyethanol. The polyester sulfonate dye-polysalt for the foregoing adhesion tests was coated from 1,2-dichloroethane, but equally good adherence was achieved when the dried dye-polysalt of Example 1 was dissolved in any of the following good solvents and coated on the polyester substrate: 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, dichloromethane, cyclopentanone, tetrahydrofuran, nitromethane, γ-butyrolactone, warm glacial acetic acid, warm propylene carbonate, 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, or 1,1,2-trichloroethane. Fair solubility (1% or greater) is shown in acetone, acetonitrile, propylene dichloride, o-dichlorobenzene, 2-methoxyethyl acetate, and methyl or ethyl iodide. 
     In the following examples, dye-polysalts were formed by reacting the cationic dye indicated with sulfopolyester C, following the procedure of Example 2, and coating the resulting solutions on polyester film. Successful coatings were obtained in each case. 
     
         ______________________________________Example Dye No.   A       B         MAX   R______________________________________62      2         593     677       645   1.263      3         594     677       65864      4         572     692       667   [1.00]65      5         584     663       632   1.066      6         455     525       508   0.767      8         476     580       545   0.668      9         520     632       590   1.369      10        524     585       563   1.370      11        390     455       426   0.571      12        387     465       426   0.672      13        385     470       42673      14        394     461       424   0.974      18        408     465       44075      21        403     474       43576      22        397     494       45277      23        317     383       347   0.678      24        360     430       391   0.579      25        &lt;310    338       321   0.380      27        &lt;310    335       319   0.3                                643   0.381      28                               827   1.082      29        513     703       61783      30        786     852       805   3.684      31        748     864       820   1.885      32        424     498       45686      34        352     418       384   0.3                                596   0.187      35                               644   0.188      36                          365   0.289      37        &lt;310    585The following dyes were used with sulfopolyester D:90      491      692      893      1194      1295      28The following dyes were used with sulfopolyester A96      697      798      899      12100     15        378     477       430101     16        402     505       465102     17        410     505       455103     18        408     465       440104     20105     28106     33        395     445The following dyes were used with sulfopolyester B:107     28108     37        &lt;310    585The following dye was used with sulfopolyester E:109     37         &lt;310   585The following dyes were used with sulfopolyester F:110     1         &lt;310    700111     6112     8113     12114     23115     24116     25The following dye mixture was used with sulfopolyester G:117     37        &lt;310    585The following dye mixture was used with sulfopolyester H:118     37        &lt;310    585______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 119 
     Preparation of Dye No. 23. In a 750 mL Erlenmeyer flask fitted with an air condenser were placed 121.1 g (1.00 mole) of N-ethylaniline, 82.2 g. (0.50 mole) of 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane, 51.0 g. (0.51 mole) of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and 100.0 g. of ethyl acetate. The reaction flask was heated on a steam bath for 18 hours, after which the volatile constituents were evaporated off, leaving 177 g. of red oil. To this oil was added 350 g. acetone, causing crystallization to occur after a short time, and the mixture was allowed to ripen for ca. 18 hours. The crystals were then filtered off and washed with about 1000 g. of acetone, until the filtrate was pale pink. There was recovered 100.34 g pinking crystals, m.p. 158°-160° (64% yield) of the chloride salt of Dye No. 23. 
     Examples 120 and 121 describe the preparation of a unique class of nitroaniline dyes bearing quaternary ammonium groups, suitable for preparing dye-polysalts for use in the practice of the invention. 
     EXAMPLE 120 
     Preparation of Dye No. 34. In a 125 mL flask were mixed 14.11 g. (0.10 mole) of 4-fluoronitrobenzene, 10.22 g. (0.10 mole) of 3-(dimethylamino) propylamine and 5.00 g. (0.12 mole) of dry sodium fluoride. Upon warming, a reaction began, and after an hour the mixture was heated to 150° C. for an hour. The mixture was cooled below 100° and treated with 400 mL water containing 0.10 mole sodium hydroxide at 60° C. for one hour; it was then chilled to solidify the freed amine and the aqueous phase was decanted off. After three water washings and drying, the crude product was dissolved in methyl tertiary butyl ether, filtered and evaporated to dryness, giving 19.69 g. (88% yield) of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) 4-nitroaniline, m.p. 60°-61.5° C. A 2.23 g. (0.01 mole) portion of this product was dissolved in 15 mL of acetone and treated with 2.13 g. (0.015 mole) of methyl iodide in a closed vessel. There was an immediate reaction and presently a yellow solid was suddenly precipitated. The mixture was warmed for 1/2 hour at 50° C. cooled, filtered, washed with acetone, and dried; the remaining solid, weighing 3.31 g., m.p. 210°-211.5° C., represented a 90% yield of Dye No. 34. 
     EXAMPLE 121 
     Preparation of Dye No. 36. In a 250 mL flask were mixed 28.22 g. (0.20 mole) of 4-fluoronitrobenzene, 20.04 g. (0.20 mole) of N-methylpiperazine, and 8.40 g. (0.20 mole) of dry sodium fluoride. There was a spontaneous reaction, the temperature rising to about 100° C.; the mixture was heated to 150° C. for one hour and then cooled and treated with 150 mL hot water containing 0.20 mole of sodium hydroxide to liberate the amine. A yellow precipitate formed, and most of the aqueous phase was decanted; 60 g. of hot chlorobenzene was added, and the solution was washed with three portions of hot water and allowed to crystallize upon cooling. The crude product, 40.54 g., m.p. 103°-105° C., was dissolved in 180 mL hot ethanol and treated with 3.00 g. active carbon; the mixture was filtered, washed with 50 mL hot ethanol, and on cooling deposited yellow crystals, 24.36 g., m.p. 105°-106° C. The filtrate was treated with 4.00 g. active carbon, filtered and boiled down to 60 mL; on cooling, an additional 15.00 g. of product, m.p. 105°-106° C., was recovered; the total yield of N-methyl-N&#39;-(4-nitrophenyl) piperazine was 89%. A portion of this amine (2.21 g., or 0.01 mole), dissolved in 15 mL acetone, was treated with 2.84 g. (0.02 mole) methyl iodide in a closed vessel. An immediate reaction occurred; the mixture was then warmed to 60° C. for 1/2 hour and cooled. The precipitate was washed three times with acetone; when dried it weighed 3.55 g., the yield being 98%. It was dissolved in 70 mL hot water and on cooling crystallized to give 1.01 g., m.p. 257°-259°, of purified Dye No. 36. From the filtrate an additional 2.22 g. of dye was recovered. 
     Although numerous examples of the invention have been provided, it should not be presumed that the list of either dyes or sulfonated polymers is exhaustive. Among the many other useful dyes are the following: 15000-59-6, 11052, Basic Blue 54; 61901-59-5, 11056, Basic Orange 24; 12221-38-4, 11075, Basic Blue 66; 12221-37-3, 11076, Basic Blue 65; 14097-03-1, 11085, Basic Red 18; 12270-13-2, 11154, Basic Blue 41; 36904-42-4, 11175, Basic Orange 25; 12221-39-5, 11185, Basic Blue 67; 42373-03-6, 11460, Basic Red 29; 12221-63-5, 11465, Basic Red 39; 4443-99-6, 11825, Basic Black 2; 4569-88-4, 12210, Basic Blue 16; 26381-41-9, 12250, Basic Brown 16; 71134-97-9, 12251, Basic Brown 17; 68391-31-1, 12719, Basic Yellow  57; 39393-39-0, 45174, Basic Violet 11:1; 55798-23-7, 48100, Basic Yellow 23; 68123-13-7, 56059, Basic Blue 99; 633-03-4, 42040, Basic Green 1; 2185-87-7, 42563, Basic Blue 8; 2390-60-5, 42595, Basic Blue 7; 2185-86-6, 44040, Basic Blue 11; 4692-38-0, 44085, Basic Blue 15; 989-38-8, 45160, Basic Red 1; 2390-63-8, 45175, Basic Violet 11; 6359-45-1, 48013, Basic Violet 16; 6441-82-3, 48020, Basic Violet 7; 4657-00-5, 48040, Basic Orange 22; 4208-81-5, 48065, Basic Yellow 12; 6320-14-5, 48070, Basic Red 12; 4468-98-8, 50055, Basic Violet 6; 6411-47-8, 50250, Basic Red 10; 2381-85-3, 51182, Basic Blue 12; 4517-26-4, 51190, Basic Blue 10; 2679-01-8, 52020, Basic Green 5; 2391-29-9, 52025, Basic Blue 25; 12217-41-3, 61512, Basic Blue 22. (In the foregoing listing, the first number is the CAS number, and the second is the Colour Index number; the dye is further identified by its C.I. name.) 
     Among the many other usable sulfonated polymers are copolymers of sodium-4-sulfonatostyrene, sodium-(2-sulfonatoethyl)acrylate, sodium-(2-sulfonatoethyl) methacrylate, and especially polyesters of the same compositions as &#34;A&#34; through &#34;H&#34; above but in which the sodium-5-sulfonato isophthalic acid is partially or completely replaced by sodium-sulfonatosuccinic acid, sodium-sulfonatonaphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, or sodium sulfonatonaphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid. 
     For practical reasons of synthesis, it is generally preferred that the cation equivalent weight of the polyesters should be at least about 1,000, whereas such is not the case with vinyl polymers. In all cases, a cation equivalent weight of about 5,000 represents a reasonable upper limit, beyond which the amount of dye that can be incorporated is extremely small. 
     It will likewise be appreciated that, while the sodium salts are presently preferred because of their relatively low cost and generally good solubility in water, lithium, potassium, or ammonium salts (or mixtures thereof) could also be used in preparing the dye-polysalts.