Abstract:
A method and apparatus for illumination and entertainment by light emitted from a guide via scattering provides a new form of visible lighting. An illumination source is coupled to an optical guide to produce a beam within the guide. The beam is disrupted by a emitting surface which may have design features embedded thereon. The disruption causes scattering of the beam, producing an illuminated body. The disruption may be a matte coating on a side wall of the guide, a lens with a matte image thereon at the end of the guide, or other discontinuity that results in an entertaining or pleasing illumination pattern.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to visible lighting systems, and more specifically, to an illumination and entertainment device producing illumination via light guiding and scattering. 
     2. Background of the Invention 
     Visible light displays and illumination systems are in use in a multitude of applications. Illuminators or illuminated sculptures are used to decorate and sometimes illuminate rooms in private and public places, to provide decorative and sometimes functional lighting. 
     Visible light displays provide a medium for artistic expression and new visible light displays that may be adapted to various two or three-dimensional expressions are in great demand. Hand-held visible light devices are also very popular so that users may express and even identify themselves by moving or holding such device. 
     Existing visual displays and illuminators using optical guiding techniques fall into many categories, but all of them typically use a guide terminated in an emitting surface that emits the light at an end of the guide to launch an illuminating beam. For example, optical fiber lamps are formed with a cut end or a lens-shaped termination at the end of the optical fiber. End-termination provides a light source that is only visible from a limited angle determined by the specific numerical aperture of the fibers in the bundle and that provides an illuminating beam generally limited to one general direction. 
     Chemical or other light wands as are sold at festivals and popular music concerts may be terminated with a cut or lens, or they may have a matte projector, but they typically do not incorporate a guide, and thus suffer a loss in illumination due to the need to make their outer illuminating surface opaque enough to hide their illumination source, or the illumination source is rendered visible. For example, a flashlight equipped with a semi-transparent wand end such as toy “light sabers” does not include an optical guide, but merely a semi-opaque projection screen that may be cylindrical in shape. 
     In order to produce a more pleasant illumination while avoiding visibility of the illumination source (such as a light bulb filament), solutions exist such as frosting the inner surface of a light bulb or fixture, or indirect illumination techniques may be used, completely masking the source of the illumination. All of these solutions are limited by the arrangements described as artistic lighting effects generated by a bulb matte surface or an indirectly illuminated surface are limited. 
     Therefore, it is desirable to provide a new visible lighting apparatus for illumination and entertainment display that guides light into a display where the light may be scattered in an entertaining form, is visible from wide angles, and has an intense appearance. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The above objective of providing a new visible lighting apparatus is accomplished by a method and apparatus for illumination and entertainment via scattered visible light. The apparatus includes an illumination source, a guide for guiding a beam from the illumination source and one or more emitting surface for producing an illuminated body from the illumination source by scattering the guided beam. The emitting surface may be included within the guide, disposed on a surface of the guide, attached to the end of the guide, or a combination of emitting surfaces may be incorporated within one embodiment of the present invention. 
     The foregoing and other objectives, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following, more particular, description of the preferred embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a pictorial diagram depicting an apparatus in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a pictorial diagram depicting an apparatus in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a pictorial diagram depicting an apparatus in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 4 is a pictorial diagram depicting an apparatus in accordance with a forth embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring now to the figures and in particular to FIG. 1, an apparatus  10  in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention is shown. A visible light emitting diode (LED)  11  is coupled to an end of an optical guide  16 . LED  11  is electrically coupled to a power supply  18  for providing power to LED  11 . The power supply may be switched with a standard switch, touch switch circuits, proximity sensors or other suitable switching means, and the power supply may be a wall-mount transformer, battery or other suitable power supply. LED  11  is generally a super-bright LED of the type recently developed for optical telecommunications circuits. The above-mentioned type of LED is particularly suitable for use within embodiments of the present invention as it emits light of sufficient intensity to provide an illumination for lighting optical forms that are generated by embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention also applies to forms that are lit by standard sources such as incandescent or metal-halide vapor lamps as well as solar illumination, cold-cathode fluorescent lamps or other standard or non-standard illumination sources. 
     Optical guide  16  is generally fabricated from a transparent material such as an acrylic or glass and has a higher index of refraction than a surrounding medium (in this example, air). Therefore, the illumination beam generated by LED  11  is contained within guide  16  and the outer surface of guide  16  will not emit light toward the observer unless there are defects or intentional features embedded within guide  16  that scatter light within guide  16  or on the surface of guide  16 . The present invention introduces one or more emitting surfaces inside or on the outer surface of guide  16  so that illumination and/or entertaining visible light displays are generated by scattering from the emitting surfaces. Known as “bodies”, the visible light forms emitted from guide  16  can be made very intense and cast light over wide angles, in contrast to prior art optical fiber illuminators and their associated uses. 
     Apparatus  10  is a visible light entertainment device having simplified features. Emitting surface  14  is a matte surface etched, ground or otherwise formed in a band around the side wall of guide  16 . Normally, light striking the side wall of guide  16  will be totally internally reflected, due to the illumination beam within guide  16  striking the wall at a angle larger than the critical angle determined by the optical and geometric characteristics of guide  16  with respect to its surrounding media. The introduction of the matte surface to form emitting surface  14  creates local scattering over the emitting surface  14 , and the light emitted forms a visible body that is apparent to an observer as an intense band of light visible over wide angles. Alternatively, emitting surfaces in accordance with embodiments of the invention may include such structures as diffraction gratings or prisms. Although diffraction gratings are discrete, rather than continuously rough as in a matte surface, they represent an equivalent scattering mechanism that may be used to produce an emitting surface in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. 
     A second emitting surface  12  is attached to the end of guide  16  opposite LED  11  or to any other properly coupled location. Light that is not scattered by emitting surface  14  continues through guide  16  and is emitted by second emitting surface  12  to form a spherical body, also visible over wide angles. While the illustration depicts emitting surfaces having simple geometric forms (band, sphere), actual embodiments of the present invention may include surface decoration within those forms. For example, emitting surface  14  may have a “carved” design forming a three-dimensional sculpture on the side of guide  16  and second emitting surface  12  may be a sculpture forming a complex geometric shape. In a particular embodiment, second emitting surface  12  takes the shape of a flower with multiple petals, and emitting surface  14  is deleted leaving a non-illuminating stem and groups of the aforementioned apparatus are arranged in a vase. The flower illuminators described above may be lit with LEDs of various color, generating a pleasing and attention-getting visible display. 
     Referring now to FIG. 2, an apparatus  20  in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention is shown. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, an LED  25  is coupled to an edge of a rectangular guide  26  and the power supply connections are not shown, but can be as described for the first embodiment of the present invention. Apparatus  20  is used as an illuminator for a display that may be varied by placing various objects  28  on a top transparent surface of guide  26 . Normally, no light would be emitted from guide  26 , as the top transparent surface internally reflects light back into guide  26 . However, a matte emitting surface  24  is formed on the bottom surface of guide  26 , generating a scattering effect that scatters light upward through guide  26  exceeding the critical angle and causing light to be emitted through the top surface of guide  26 . Thus, objects  28  are illuminated by the scattered light to form “bodies” that will be visible over wide angles. The coupling of objects  28  to guide  26  may be enhanced by introducing a liquid, such as water, to prevent air gaps between objects  28  and guide  26  from disrupting the scattered illumination. The end  22  of guide opposite LED  25  may be rendered reflective (by depositing a reflective metal coating, attaching a reflective part, etc.) so that light is not emitted from end  22 . Emitting surface  24  may have various patterns of differing colors for generating special effects in combination with objects  28 , according to a particular artistic design concept. 
     Referring now to FIG. 3, an apparatus  30  in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention is depicted. In the third embodiment, multiple LEDs  32  are attached to a guide  34 . The third embodiment demonstrates how multiple illumination sources may be used to produce an entertaining visible light display. LED&#39;s of differing color may be used at each location of LEDs  32 . The entire surface of guide  34  is matted to form a continuous emitting surface (but alternatively bands of matte surface, carved designs, etc. may be used). The center one of LEDs  32  is attached to the side wall of guide  34  and light emitted by LED  32  is coupled into guide  34  by mirror  35 , demonstrating that coupling of the illuminator(s) may be made at points other than an end of an optical guide if proper coupling design is considered, and the resulting illumination body produced by emitting surface is a cylindrical body transitioning in color from one end of guide  34  to the opposite end. Alternatively, several branch “feedlines” comprising optical guides may be coupled into single guide  34  to provide additional illumination sources. Other colors are produced by the gradual loss of light through the continuous emitting surface produced by the matte side wall of guide  34  so that a pleasing and entertaining color transition is achieved. For example, a cylindrical guide having a red-orange LED at a first end and a blue LED at a second end (with no center illuminator) will produce degenerated white light comprising part of the total visible spectrum at a central location that is dimmer than the light near the two ends, and a transition from white to orange toward the orange LED and a transition to blue toward the blue LED. 
     Referring now to FIG. 4, an apparatus  40  in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention is depicted. A guide  44  accepts illumination  41  from a source (not shown) and optionally other illumination  42  and guides the light to the other end of guide  44 . Without a disturbance in the guide, no light will be emitted and/or absorbed through the end surfaces of the guide, rendering it not visible (if the guide has no imperfections). A scattering surface  43  in the form of a three dimensional cube is introduced within guide  44  and causes light  45  to be scattered over wide angles. The fourth depicted embodiment illustrates that objects may be introduced within guide  44  to provide an entertaining visible display. The objects may have sculptural features or may be simple geometric shapes of two or three-dimensional form. Additionally, the present invention contemplates structures that use media that are liquid in form, and guides formed outside a central region having a lower refractive index than the surrounding media. For example, a water tank may be used as a guide with a plastic rod introduced having a lower refractive index than water. Light coupled to the rod will be guided outside the surface of the rod within the water, but will nonetheless form a guide in the areas exposed to air. Emitting surfaces on the rod or within the water immediately surrounding the rod will cause scattering of light in accordance with the operation of the invention. 
     While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in form, and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.