Abstract:
Aspects of the present invention include apparatus and methods for transmitting and receiving signals in communication systems. A multicarrier generator generates a multicarrier signal. An optical demultiplexer separates the multicarrier signal into separate multicarrier signals. At least one QPSK modulator modulates signals from the separate multicarrier signals. An optical multiplexer combines the QPSK modulated signals into a multiplexed signal. The multiplexed signal is then transmitted.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The field of the present invention is communication systems, and particularly, coherent detection with digital signal procession. 
         [0002]    The ever increasing bandwidth demand has been driving communication systems to higher capacities. Therefore, there is a strong motivation to enhance spectral efficiency to increase the total capacity. Employing optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) modulation to transmit signals can realize high-spectral efficiency and long distance transmission. To achieve high receiver sensitivity with coherent detection based on digital signal procession, the bandwidth of the analog to digital converter (ADC) and the sample rate may be high. Usually, the ADC bandwidth may have two times of the bit rate of the signal, and the sampling rate may be four times of the bit rate. For example, if each subcarrier of the OFDM signal is 25 Gbaud Quadrature Phase Shift Keyed (QPSK), the ADC bandwidth should be 50 GHz and the sample rate should be 100 GSa/s to obtain optimum results. However, an ADC with these specifications may not available. Therefore it would be advantageous to reduce the ADC bandwidth and sample rate while maintaining the same performance. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Aspects of the present invention employ optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) to transmit signals realizing high-spectral efficiency over long distances. 
         [0004]    In one aspect of the present invention include apparatus and methods for transmitting and receiving signals in communication systems. A multicarrier generator generates a multicarrier signal. An optical demultiplexer separates the multicarrier signal into separate multicarrier signals. At least one QPSK modulator modulates signals from the separate multicarrier signals. An optical multiplexer combines the QPSK modulated signals into a multiplexed signal. The multiplexed signal is then transmitted. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0005]      FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic diagram of a transmitter and receiver according to aspects of the present invention. 
           [0006]      FIG. 2  illustrates a schematic diagram of digital signal procession for a coherent receiver according to aspects of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0007]    Aspects of the present invention employ optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) to transmit signals realizing high-spectral efficiency over long distances. 
         [0008]      FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic diagram of a transmitter and receiver according to aspects of the present invention. A laser  101  generates a continuous lightwave. The laser  101  may be a distributed feedback type laser diode DFB-LD, which may have a wide line width. For a 100 Gbit/s QPSK, a line width smaller than 2 MHz is sufficient. Although line widths greater than 2 MHz may also be sufficient. Alternatively, the laser source  101  may be a tunable external laser with a narrow line width and low phase noise which may be preferred for high level modulation format signals. A multicarrier generator  102  receives the lightwave and generates a multicarrier signal. This multicarrier signal may be generated by a few different schemes. For example, a cascade modulator may be driven by a sinusoidal wave source and cascaded phase modulators. There may be over ten subcarriers with a frequency spacing f. To separate the optical subcarrier and, subsequently route them to different ports, an optical demultiplexer may be employed  103 . This optical demultiplexer  103  may be an array waveguide grating, optical fiber Bragg grating, or other optical demultiplexer as known in the art. Each subcarrier from the respective output ports of the optical demultiplexer  103  may be modulated by using an optical I/O modulator  104 . In particular, the optical I/O modulator  104  generates QPSK signals. These QPSK signals may have a non-return-to-zero or return-to-zero pulse shape. This signal may be a polarization or multiplexed signal. This optical I/O modulator  104  may be driven by four individual data (In phase Quadrature Phase for X polarization and I Q for Y polarization). The baud rate of I or Q signals may preferably be f Gbaud/s. 
         [0009]    An optical multiplexer  105  with a 3 dB bandwidth of −f GHz combines the signals transmitted from the optical I/O modulator  104 . This optical multiplexer  105  may be a regular WDM filter, a WDM coupler or array waveguide grating (AWG) or other optical filter to combine all of the channels. An optical amplifier  106  may be used to compensate any fiber loss. This optical amplifier  106  may be an Erbium doped fiber amplifier, Raman amplifier or other amplifier used to provide gain. The multiplexed signal may then be transmitted over a fiber  107 . The fiber  107  may be any transmission fiber. On the receiver side, coherent detection based on digital signal procession is used. The coherent detection technique employs the use of an optical local oscillator  108 , a 90 degree hybrid  109 , four balanced receivers, ADC chips and ASIC chips for digital signal procession. The frequency of the optical local oscillator  108  is preferably the same as the frequency of the subcarrier. The local oscillator  108  may be a distributed feedback laser (DFB) or an external cavity laser with a linewidth preferably smaller than a few MHz. The 90 degree hybrid  109  may be a regular optical 90 degree hybrid to demultiplex the I and Q signal. A digital coherent detection receiver  110  includes balanced or unbalanced photodiodes, high speed ADC and other electrical components such as ASIC, FEC, and the like. 
         [0010]      FIG. 2  illustrates a schematic of digital signal procession (DSP) for a coherent receiver with post filter and maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE). A compensation module  200  may correct an I/O imbalance of the received signal. A dispersion compensating unit  201  may compensate for chromatic dispersion. Sampling unit  202  resamples the signal. Subsequently, each bit is sampled twice. Through the use of adaptive equalizers  203 , a polarization demultiplexer generates polarization demultiplexed signals. An offset module  204  compensates for a frequency offset of the demultiplexed signals in order to improve the quality of communication. Phase module  205  phase compensates the demultiplexed signal. A filter  206  post filters the phase compensated signal. The filter  206  may be a 2 tap filter. MLSE, which may be two state, is applied to the filtered signals, finally a bit error rate is calculated. 
         [0011]    It should be understood that the methods and devices of the present invention may be executed employing machines and apparatus including simple and complex computers. Moreover, the architecture and methods described above can be stored, in part or in full, on forms of machine-readable media. For example, the operations of the present invention could be stored on machine-readable media, such as magnetic disks or optical disks, which are accessible via a disk drive (or computer-readable medium drive). Alternatively, the logic to perform the operations as discussed above, could be implemented in additional computer and/or machine readable media, such as discrete hardware components as large-scale integrated circuits (LSI&#39;s), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC&#39;s), firmware such as electrically erasable programmable read-only only memory (EEPROM&#39;s); and the like. Implementations of certain embodiments may further take the form of machine-implemented, including web-implemented, computer software. 
         [0012]    While aspects of this invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The invention, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the following claims.