Abstract:
Consistent with an example embodiment, there is surface-mountable non-leaded chip carrier for a semiconductor device. The device comprises a first contact. A second contact is relative to the first contact; the second contact has a split therein to provide first and second portions of the second contact arranged relative to one another to lessen tilting of a soldering condition involving attachment of the chip carrier to a printed circuit board.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    The embodiments of the present invention relate to semiconductor device packaging and, more particularly, to packaging having modifications that enhance the manufacturability and quality of products. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The electronics industry continues to rely upon advances in semiconductor technology to realize higher-function devices in more compact areas. For many applications realizing higher-functioning devices requires integrating a large number of electronic devices into a single silicon wafer. As the number of electronic devices per given area of the silicon wafer increases, the manufacturing process becomes more difficult. 
         [0003]    Many varieties of semiconductor devices have been manufactured having various applications in numerous disciplines. Such silicon-based semiconductor devices often include metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET), such as p-channel MOS (PMOS), n-channel MOS (NMOS) and complementary MOS (CMOS) transistors, bipolar transistors, BiCMOS transistors. Such MOSFET devices include an insulating material between a conductive gate and silicon-like substrate; therefore, these devices are generally referred to as IGFETs (insulated-gate FET). 
         [0004]    Each of these semiconductor devices generally includes a semiconductor substrate on which a number of active devices are formed. The particular structure of a given active device can vary between device types. For example, in MOS transistors, an active device generally includes source and drain regions and a gate electrode that modulates current between the source and drain regions. 
         [0005]    Furthermore, such devices may be digital or analog devices produced in a number of wafer fabrication processes, for example, CMOS, BiCMOS, Bipolar, etc. The substrates may be silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs) or other substrate suitable for building microelectronic circuits thereon. 
         [0006]    The packaging of an IC devices is increasingly playing a role in its ultimate performance. Shortcomings in a particular package configuration may challenge the mounting process. For example, an IC component is placed onto to printed circuit board (PCB) and soldered on. The soldering process or package may cause the package not to lie flat on the PCB, the mounted package has substantial tilt. Furthermore, the quality of the soldering may not be visible on the finished populated PCB. Sending a PCB out into the field without the assurance of well-soldered (and well-observed) joint may pose a significant risk. This is of particular concern for IC devices subjected to harsh environmental conditions such as automotive or military applications in which extremes in temperature, humidity, mechanical stress are the norm. Field failure of a solder joint is not acceptable. 
         [0007]    There is exists a need for a package with increased manufacturability and less susceptibility to tilting. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0008]    In the soldering of leadless chip carriers onto printed circuit boards, is necessary that the quality of the soldering be observable at the package terminals and that the carrier lie sufficiently flat. The present disclosure addresses these matters. 
         [0009]    In an example embodiment, there is surface-mountable non-leaded chip carrier for a semiconductor device. The device comprises a first contact. A second contact is relative to the first contact; the second contact has a split therein to provide first and second portions of the second contact arranged relative to one another to lessen tilting of a soldering condition involving attachment of the chip carrier to a printed circuit board (PCB). 
         [0010]    In another example embodiment, there is a small outline diode (SOD) package for surface mounting on a printed circuit board (PCB). The package comprises a first contact of a first length and width, having a bonding surface, a bottom mounting surface and a side mounting surface, the bonding surface having an area to which a diode die is attached; there is a second contact of a second length and width; the second contact is relative to the first contact, the second contact having a bonding surface, a bottom mounting surface, and a side mounting surface; the bonding surface has an area to which a bond wire is attached, the bond wire electrically coupling the diode die to the second contact. The second contact has a split therein to provide first and second portions of the second contact arranged relative to one another to lessen tilting of a soldering condition involving attachment of the chip carrier to the PCB. An encapsulation of molding compound envelopes the first contact and second contact, the side mounting surfaces of the first contact and second contact remain exposed, and the side mounting surfaces provides a visual indication of a the soldering condition. 
         [0011]    In another example embodiment, semiconductor diode device is packaged in a small outline diode (SOD) package. the device comprises, a lead frame arranged in an array of die locations, each one of the die locations having, a first contact of a first length and width, having a bonding surface, a bottom mounting surface and a side mounting surface, the bonding surface having an area to which a diode die is attached; a second contact of a second length and width; the second contact is opposite to the first contact, the second contact has a bonding surface, a bottom mounting surface, and a side mounting surface, the bonding surface has an area to which a bond wire is attached; the bond wire electrically couples the diode die to the second contact; the second contact has a split therein to provide first and second portions of the second contact arranged relative to one another to lessen tilting of a soldering condition involving attachment of the chip carrier to the PCB. An encapsulation of molding compound envelopes the array of diode die locations. The lead frame is sawn between each die location in a first direction revealing a side mounting surface on the first contact and a side mounting surface of the second contact, the side mounting surface of the second contact having a corresponding split therein, the side mounting surfaces being flush with the encapsulation. Furthermore, the lead frame is electroplated with tin. The lead frame is sawn in a second direction, thereby separating the array of diode die locations into discrete diode devices. During installation onto a PCB, the side mounting surfaces of the discrete diode device provide an indication of the soldering condition. 
         [0012]    In another example embodiment, there is a method for manufacturing small outline diode (SOD) package, the SOD package having a lead frame including, a first contact and a second contact opposite to the first contact, the second contact having a split therein to provide first and second portions of the second contact arranged relative to one another to lessen tilting of a soldering condition involving attachment of the chip carrier to a printed circuit board (PCB). The method comprises, providing a plurality of product die having a substrate connection and a wire bond connection; providing a plurality of lead frames; bonding the product die at the substrate connection onto the first contact of each lead frame and wire bonding the product die from wire bond connection to the second contact; encapsulating the plurality of product die and the plurality of lead frames in a molding compound; partially cutting the plurality of lead frames between each of the encapsulated product die; tin plating the exposed metal of the each lead frame of each product die; separating each encapsulated product die from one another; and testing each product die. 
         [0013]    The above summaries of the present disclosure are not intended to represent each disclosed embodiment, or every aspect, of the present invention. Other aspects and example embodiments are provided in the figures and the detailed description that follow. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]    The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0015]      FIG. 1  (Prior Art) depicts several packages having substantial tilting after mounting; 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  is a line drawing of an example embodiment of a package according to the present disclosure 
           [0017]      FIGS. 3A-3D  depict an application of the package of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0018]      FIGS. 4A-4D  depicts an example component encapsulated with black molding compound in the package of  FIG. 2 ; and 
           [0019]      FIG. 5  depicts a flow diagram of an example assembly process for leadless packages according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
           [0020]      FIGS. 6A-6C  depicts the sawing of an example lead frame undergoing the assembly process outlined in  FIG. 5 . 
       
    
    
       [0021]    While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0022]    The disclosed embodiments have been found useful in the surface mounting of leadless chip carriers onto printed circuit board (PCB) apparatus. During surface mounting it is desirable for the components to lie flat upon the PCB and the combination of the chip carrier and PCB be of a certain height profile. However, imperfections in the wetting of the solder may cause the leadless chip carriers to be tilted, resulting in a too high profile. Refer to  FIG. 1 . A group  100  of four devices  110  have been soldered onto a printed circuit board  120  and their solder profiles  130  have resulted in tilting and an uneven profile. 
         [0023]    During a solder reflow process, when the solder melts, the solder heaps up under the package shown in  FIG. 1 , the component slides to one side and the solder hardens, resulting in tilting. In one embodiment, the potential for tilting is inhibited by a double lead (i.e., one with two pads separated). In this embodiment the solder is pulling at the sides, which reduces the amount of solder under the component. The pulling force enhances the anti-tilting effect of the side contacts. The remainder of the solder is divided between the two pads at the bottom. The surface tension of at both sides prevents the component from sliding in one direction 
         [0024]    With reference  FIG. 2 , in a dimensioned drawing, a package  200  according to an embodiment to the present disclosure is presented. On the underside of the package is a first contact  215  and a second contact  225  split into a first portion and a second portion  225   a  and  225   b  on the side mounted to a printed circuit board. On an opposite side the first portion  225   a  and second portion  225   b  are electrically coupled. Upon this opposite side an attachment area for wire bonding is provided. The boundary  205  (represents the encapsulation) such that a package height of &lt;0.4mm is attained. From a side view, contacts  225   a  and  225   b  are separated and visible. During attachment to the printed circuit board, the solder will wick from the bottom of the contacts  225   a ′ and  225   b ′ to the sides; likewise the solder will wick from the bottom of contact  215  to the side. Thus, the quality of the solder joints will be readily apparent from simple visual inspection. Note that in an example production process the package  200  would be in the form of a lead frame and be in quantities arranged in “tape and reel.” Tabs  240 , during assembly keep the contacts  215  and  225  in position for affixing a semiconductor die onto an attachment area on first contact  215 . The semiconductor die is wire bonded from a die pad region on the die and coupled to the attachment area of contact  225 . The assembled die is encapsulated. After encapsulation the lead frame is separated at tabs  240  (as shown by the dashed lines and spaces  245 . These show up as on the packaged die at contacts  215 ′ and  225 .′ 
         [0025]    Refer to  FIGS. 3A-3D . In an example embodiment according to the present disclosure, a small outline diode (SOD) package  300  is depicted in four perspectives.  FIG. 3A  depicts the SOD in a perspective view. A first contact  325  and a second contact  315  electrically couple the diode die  330  with a bond wire  335  and through direct connection (at a defined area  330 ) at the underside of diode die  310 . Within an envelope  305  of molding compound the mounted diode die  310 , and contacts  325 ,  315 , are encapsulated. Refer to  FIG. 3B . note the second contact  320  is split into two portions  320 ′. This feature reduces the likelihood of tilting when the SOD device is soldered onto a printed circuit board. Further note that the first contact  325  and second contact  320  have flanges that allow the molding compound to flow about them so as to increase the mechanical strength of the envelope  305 . These SOD packages are arranged in lead frame arrays holding more than 8000 devices, divided over four areas (i.e., “mold caps’). Thus, during encapsulation, 8000 devices are enveloped in molding compound simultaneously. 
         [0026]    Refer to  FIG. 3C . The first contact  315  as viewed from a first short side of the package  300 , extends from the bottom of the package  300  partially upward on the side, flush with the encapsulation  305 . Likewise, in  FIG. 3D , the second contact  325 , as viewed from a second short side, extends partially upward and flush with the encapsulation  305 , as well. Note at the dashed line  340 , the second contact has a first portion  325   a  and a second portion  325   b.    
         [0027]    So as to provide a solderable surface, the contacts are plated with tin or other suitable metal. When the SOD package is soldered to a PCB, during inspection one can easily see whether the quality of the soldering is sufficient. Previous packages in which the contacts were not visible from the sides would require complex X-ray scanning to evaluate the soldering. 
         [0028]    The first contact and second contact during the mounting and encapsulation of a diode die  310  would be part of a lead frame assembly supplied to the user in the form of tape and reel. The cathode is on the underside of the diode die  310  and the anode is on the topside of the diode die  310 . Each lead frame assembly would be joined to another at tabs which had previously joined contact  315 ′ and  325 ′. After die mounting and encapsulation, the lead frame assembly would be “singulated,” that is separated into separate SOD product. 
         [0029]    In an example embodiment according to the present invention, a diode die had been assembled in an SOD package. Refer to  FIGS. 4A-4D . The long side view of  FIG. 4A  shows the areas  415 ′ and  425 ′ in which the lead frame (as mentioned in discussion with  FIG. 2 ) and contacts  415  a contact portion  425   a.  The underside view of  FIG. 4B  depicts the contact  415  and contacts  425   a  and  425   b.  Short side views  FIG. 4C  and  FIG. 4D  show the contacts  415  and contacts  425   a  and  425   b,  respectively. These contacts extend upwards for a portion of the finished vertical height of the encapsulation  405 . Furthermore, these contacts are flush with the encapsulation  405 . 
         [0030]    In manufacturing the embodiments according to the present invention, an example process may be described in reference to  FIG. 5 . The process will often begin with the making of inventory of materials, such as lead frames (such as those described in reference to  FIG. 2 ), epoxy glue for die attaching, gold wire for wire bonding, and molding compound for encapsulating. As with many modern manufacturing processes, these materials are inspected to see whether they meet vendor/manufacturer agreed upon quality standards. In an example process, the lead frames are delivered as strips having four frames per strip. Within each frame there are greater than 800 locations to which diodes can be mounted. Depending on process specifics, the strips may be combined to make a tape and reel with a plurality of frames. 
         [0031]    The wafers of a product die, for example, diodes is received by the manufacturing line. Wafers undergo dicing  510  in which functional die are separated out from the duds. The diode dice are die bonded  520  to the lead frame. Incidentally, the lead frame may be delivered in a tape and reel format that holds thousands of individual lead frames (i.e., analogous to the single frames of motion picture film). The lead frame is made of a suitable metal. For example, copper is often used, but particular applications may use other metals and alloys. A bonding compound of a conductive epoxy may be used, but it is not limited to this particular type of attachment. In other processes, a eutectic die attach may be used. After die bonding  520 , the epoxy glue is cured. After curing, the assembly is cleaned in a plasma. The die is wire bonded  530  to the lead frame from a defined bond pad on the diode die (bonding the diode cathode) to a defined bond pad on the lead frame (bonding the diode anode). After wire bonding  530 , the assembly is again cleaned in a plasma. The die having been attached to the lead frame and wire bonded, the assembly is encapsulated in a molding compound  540 . Tape on the contact side (underside) of the package keeps the molding compound from flowing onto the contacts. Therefore the leads are flush with the mold compound at the bottom. The molding compound undergoes a curing process. 
         [0032]    In an example process, after the molding  540 , there is a plurality of devices on a strip of lead frames. Refer to  FIGS. 6A-6C . To maintain stability of the lead frames during handling, a support tape  640  is applied to the plurality of devices after encapsulation  620  on the topside of the package. Prior to tin plating, the plurality of devices are prepared in a “partial cut” process  545 . Between each device a saw  630  makes cut into the boundaries separating a first lead frame  610  adjacent to an additional lead frame in a first direction. The saw cuts completely through the contacts and just slightly into the molding compound  620 . After sawing, a de-flashing process removes metal fragments, etc. from the lead frames. The underside surfaces and vertical surfaces of the first and second contacts are exposed for plating  650  with tin or other suitable metal which has soldering characteristics more suitable than that of bare copper. The encapsulated assembly&#39;s leads are plated with tin  550 . Since only one cut had been made, the devices are still connected electrically with the neighbors and the complete lead frame in the other direction, and therefore electroplating of tin is possible. Furthermore, the structural integrity of the lead frames is maintained so that prior to electroplating, the support tape can be removed. 
         [0033]    The leads having been plated, the devices are given a final lead cut  555  in both directions, the second cut to complete the partial cut and then a third cut in the perpendicular direction to the first and second cuts, as illustrated in  FIG. 6C . The dice are then separated in a singulation process  560 . The partial cut previously applied to the plurality of devices is finished off with a second cut  635  which completely passes through the devices&#39; encapsulation and partially into the supporting tape  640 . The singulated devices are sorted visually to cull those devices damaged during separation. Electrical testing and marking  570  of the assembled devices assures that devices shipped to an end user function. 
         [0034]    Numerous other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.