Abstract:
A method for determining positioning relative to utility lines. A first step involves providing a global positioning apparatus. A second step involves providing a processing unit with a display. The processing unit has stored in memory at least one geographical map depicting positioning of at least one utility line. A third step involves transferring data received from the global positioning apparatus to the processing unit and displaying on the display the positioning of the mobile machine relative to the at least one utility line on the at least one geographical map.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a method and associated apparatus for determining positioning relative to utility lines and, in particular, the positioning of mobile groundbreaking equipment. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     There are millions of miles of utility lines buried in North America. These utility lines include: electric power lines, telephone lines, water lines, sewer lines, fibre-optic cable lines, natural gas transmission lines, natural gas distribution lines, and utility lines for transporting hazardous liquids. Every year incidents occur in which mobile groundbreaking equipment damage such utility lines. 
     Statistics kept by the United States Office of Pipeline Safety regarding pipelines indicate that between 1986 and 2001 there were 1286 incidents involving natural gas transmission lines, which killed 58 people, injured 217 people and caused 284 billion dollars in property damage. In that same period there were 2159 incidents involving natural gas distribution lines, which killed 282 people, injured 1264 people and caused 256 billion dollars in property damage. There were also 3034 incidents involving utility lines carrying hazardous liquids which killed 36 people, injured 244 people and caused a further 731 billion dollars in property damage. In order to understand the full impact of such incidents, one would have to also include environmental damage and economic loss as a result of a service disruption. 
     There have been previous attempts to address this problem, an example of which is U.S. Pat. No. 4,600,356 (Bridges et al 1986) entitled “Underground pipeline and cable detector and process”. The teachings of the Bridges et al reference is to mount on a mechanical digging implement a metal detector capable of detecting underground conductive objects. 
     There are inherent problems in mounting a metal detector onto a metal machine. This has lead to a search for alternative technologies which will provide a more reliable result and also be capable of locating utility lines which are non-conductive. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     What is required is a method and associated apparatus for determining positioning relative to utility lines. 
     According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for determining positioning relative to utility lines. A first step involves providing a global positioning apparatus. A second step involves providing a processing unit with a display. The processing unit has stored in memory at least one geographical map depicting positioning of at least one utility line. A third step involves transferring data received from the global positioning apparatus to the processing unit and displaying on the display the positioning of the global positioning device relative to the at least one utility line on the at least one geographical map. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for determining positioning relative to utility lines. This apparatus includes a global positioning apparatus and a processing unit with a display. The processing unit has stored in memory at least one geographical map depicting positioning of at least one utility line. The processing unit receives data from the global positioning apparatus and displays on the display the positioning of the global positioning apparatus relative to the at least one utility line on the at least one geographical map. 
     With the method and apparatus, as described above, the accuracy of global positioning is coupled with the accuracy of utility line survey maps to give accurate real time data as to the positioning relative to the utility line. Although beneficial results can be obtained by a foreman walking on foot, it is envisaged that the global positioning apparatus and the processing unit will be mounted right on a mobile machine, so that the operator is always aware of the positioning of the mobile machine relative to the utility lines. It is, of course, preferable that all known utility lines be illustrated at the same time, to avoid any utility lines being damaged during construction. This would involve preparing a composite utility line survey map from individual utility line survey maps and displaying such composite utility line survey map. 
     Once the basic system is in place, there are a number of enhancements which may be added to the system. Even more beneficial results may be obtained when an operator alarm is in communication with the processing unit. The processing unit can then be programmed to trigger the operator alarm to alert an operator of the mobile machine should the mobile machine venture within a predetermined distance of a utility line. 
     A further hazard at construction sites is the safety of workers on foot who are working around the mobile machine. There are various alternative measures which can be taken to ensure the safety of such workers. One solution is to provide mobile global positioning apparatus which are carried by workers working in the vicinity of the mobile machine. The processing unit will receive signals from the mobile global positioning apparatus and display on the display the positioning of each worker relative to the mobile machine. An alternative solution is to provide a detector for detecting the presence of a worker within a predetermined distance of the mobile machine. The detector can be linked to the processing unit, with the processing unit being linked to the operator alarm to alert an operator of the presence of the worker. This alternative solution is less accurate as the operator will not know the precise position of the worker, but is a less expensive solution. It can be implemented through a variety of technologies, some of which include an infrared scanner which responds to heat, a visual scanner which responds to shadows, proximity sensors which respond to objects, a transmitter which interrogates a transponder carried by the worker, a transceiver which communicates with a transceiver carried by the worker, or a radio beacon detector which responds to a radio transmitter carried by the worker. 
     Even more beneficial results may be obtained when the processing unit has stored in memory for display, upon demand, critical data relating to each utility line. This critical data may include information as the nature of the utility line, ie. does it carry natural gas, telephone, or electrical power. The critical data may also include an emergency contact information of an owner of the utility line. 
     On large projects involving numerous mobile machines it may be desirable to have a central monitoring station. The central monitoring station will monitor the positioning of the mobile machine. The central monitoring station will receiving coordinate data via satellite or wireless communication from the global positioning apparatus mounted on the mobile machine. The central monitoring station will have a central processing unit with a central display. The processing unit will have stored in memory at least one geographical map depicting positioning of at least one utility line. The central monitoring station will receive data from the global positioning apparatus and display on the cental display the positioning of the mobile machine relative to the at least one utility line on the at least one geographical map. Two way communication will be provided between the central monitoring station and the mobile machine, so that the central monitoring station can communicate with the operator of the mobile groundbreaking machine, as required. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     These and other features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description in which reference is made to the appended drawings, the drawings are for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to in any way limit the scope of the invention to the particular embodiment or embodiments shown, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of an apparatus for determining positioning relative to utility lines in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a detailed perspective view of the processing unit with display illustrated in FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the mobile machine illustrated in FIG.  1 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The preferred embodiment, an apparatus for determining positioning relative to utility lines generally identified by reference numeral  10 , will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 3. 
     Structure and Relationship of Parts: 
     Referring to FIG. 1, apparatus  10  includes, in combination, a global positioning apparatus  12  and a processing unit  14 . It is preferred, but not essential, that these be adapted for mounting on a mobile groundbreaking machine  16 . Processing unit  14  has stored in memory a series of geographical maps  18  illustrated in FIG.  2 . Referring to FIG. 2, maps  18  depicting positioning of all known utility lines  20 , along with critical data relating to each of known utility lines  20 , such as the nature of utility line  20  and emergency contact information of an owner. Referring to FIG. 1, processing unit  14  receives data from global positioning apparatus  12  and displays the positioning of mobile groundbreaking machine  16  relative to known utility lines  20  on one of series of geographical maps  18  illustrated in FIG. 2, on a display  22  which is mounted in mobile ground breaking machine  16 . Display  22  is mounted in mobile ground breaking machine  16  in such a manner that it is viewable by an operator  24  of mobile ground breaking machine  16 . Referring to FIG. 2, in the illustrated embodiment, display  22  includes a on/off switch  26 , a menu button  28 , and a selection button  30 . A communications antenna  32  is connected to display  22  as well as an infrared camera  34 , along with a power supply line  36 . A operator alarm  38  is provided that is in communication with processing unit  14 . In the illustrated embodiment, operator alarm  38  is an audible sound, however other types of alarms such as lights or signals could also be used. Referring to FIG. 1, processing unit  14  is programmed to trigger operator alarm  38  illustrated in FIG. 2, to alert operator  24  of mobile groundbreaking machine  16  should mobile groundbreaking machine  16  venture within a predetermined distance of one of known utility lines  20 . 
     Operation: 
     The use and operation of the apparatus  10  will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 3. Referring to FIG. 1, to use apparatus  10  as described above, global positioning apparatus  12  is mounted on mobile ground breaking machine  16 . Processing unit  14  with display  22  as described above, is also mounted on mobile groundbreaking machine  16 . Global positioning apparatus  12  generates a set of coordinates based upon global positioning data received via satellite  23 . Data received from global positioning apparatus  12  is transferred to processing unit  14 . Processing unit  14  has a relational database which enables it to display on geographical map  18  of display  22  the positioning of mobile groundbreaking machine  16  relative to utility lines  20 , as illustrated in FIG.  2 . Referring to FIG. 1, the accuracy of global positioning apparatus  12  coupled with the accuracy of utility line survey maps  18  illustrated in FIG. 2, give operator  24  of mobile groundbreaking machine  16  accurate real time data as to positioning of mobile groundbreaking machine  16  relative to utility line  20 . Should mobile groundbreaking machine  16  venture within a predetermined distance of utility line  20 , operator alarm  38  illustrated in FIG. 2, will trigger to alert operator  24  of mobile groundbreaking machine  16 . 
     Variations: 
     Referring to FIG. 1, a further hazard at construction sites is the safety of workers  40  on foot who are working around mobile groundbreaking machine  16 . There are various alternative measures which can be taken to ensure the safety of such workers  40 . Apparatus  10  as described above can be used in conjunction with a mobile global positioning apparatus  42  that is carried by worker  40  working in the vicinity of mobile groundbreaking machine  16 . Processing unit  14  receives signals from mobile global positioning apparatus  42  and displays on display  22  the positioning of worker  40  relative to mobile groundbreaking machine  16 . Referring to FIG. 3, a detector  44  is provided that is mounted on mobile groundbreaking machine  16  for detecting the presence of worker  40  illustrated in FIG. 1, within a predetermined distance of mobile groundbreaking machine  16 . Referring to FIG. 1, detector  44  is linked to processing unit  14  and processing unit  14  is linked to operator alarm  38  to alert operator  24  of the presence of worker  40 . In the illustrated embodiment, detector  44  is an infrared scanner which responds to heat, however it will be appreciated that detector  44  could also be a visual scanner which responds to shadows, proximity sensors which respond to objects, a transmitter which interrogates a transponder carried by worker  40 , a transceiver which communicates with a transceiver carried by worker  40 , or a radio beacon detector which responds to a radio transmitter carried by worker  40 . 
     Referring to FIG. 1, where several groundbreaking machines  16  are working on a construction project, a central monitoring station  46  can be provided to monitor the positioning of all mobile groundbreaking machines  16  working on a construction project. Central monitoring station  46  receives coordinate data via satellite or wireless communication from global positioning apparatus  12  mounted on each mobile groundbreaking machine  16 . Central monitoring station  46  has a central processing unit  48  with a display  50 . Processing unit  48  is similar to processing unit  14  as described above, in that processing unit  48  displays on display  50  the positioning of each of mobile groundbreaking machine  16  relative to known utility lines  20  on one of series of geographical maps  18  illustrated in FIG.  2 . It is preferred that central monitoring station  46  be capable of identifying the type of mobile machine  16  (groundbreaking or not), the owner of the mobile machine and operator  24  of mobile machine  16 . Referring to FIG. 1, two way communication  52  is provided between central monitoring station  46  and each mobile groundbreaking machine  16 , such that a worker  54  monitoring display  50  can communicate with operator  24  of any of mobile ground breaking machines  16 . 
     In the description above, the emphasis has been on groundbreaking machines. The reason for this is the most incidents involve buried utility lines whose location is not readily apparent. There are also a number of incidents which occur every year with overhead utility lines. It will appreciated that the system will also identify overhead utility lines. It will also be appreciated that the system can be used by a construction supervisor or foreman walking down a utility right of way on foot or can be mounted on any form of mobile machine. For example, the system could be placed in vehicles driven by the construction supervisor. 
     In this patent document, the word “comprising” is used in its non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded. A reference to an element by the indefinite article “a” does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the element is present, unless the context clearly requires that there be one and only one of the elements. 
     It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the illustrated embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter defined in the claims.