Abstract:
An apparatus for studying the electromagnetic behavior of an electromagnetic wave-emitting or electromagnetic wave-receiving tool is provided. An anechoic chamber is configured to receive the tool as well as a person handling the tool. At least one analysis antenna is configured to pick-up the electromagnetic waves emitted from or received by the tool. Signals outputted by the analysis antenna are processed, and a radiation diagram associated with the electromagnetic tool is displayed. The radiation diagram is displayed inside the anechoic chamber so that the person handling the electromagnetic tool observes how the handling of the tool affects its electromagnetic behavior.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   The present application is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Application No. PCT/FR2004/002153, filed Aug. 18, 2004, which claims priority from French Application No. 0309985, filed Aug. 18, 2003, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The invention concerns devices for measuring the radiation from antennae, and in particular devices for evaluating the radiation diagram of an antenna. 
   We are already familiar with anechoic chambers, in the form of an enclosure capable of receiving not only the antenna to be examined, but also an operator who positions, or even holds the antenna during the tests. 
   Such anechoic chambers can contain a series of analysis antennae, positioned on a circle surrounding the antenna to be examined. The output signals from this series of test antennae provide the data used to draw a radiation diagram in the plane on which this circle is located at any given moment. 
   By effecting a relative rotation between the antenna to be examined and the analysis antennae, one can therefore produce a series of radiation diagrams, where all of these are used to create a picture of the overall radiation pattern in three dimensions diagrams. 
   We are also already familiar with such devices for measuring the radiation from the mobile telephones, in which the user of the telephone is himself placed inside the circle formed by the different analysis antennae. 
   Nowadays, the characterisation and/or the monitoring of an antenna or of any other electromagnetic object, whether transmitter or receiver, are currently outsourced to the possessor of an anechoic chamber equipped as described who, in return, provides the designer of the antenna with the requested radiation diagram. 
   The design of an antenna can involve multiple structural changes in the course of its design, according to the radiation that is measured around it in an anechoic test chamber. 
   It appears nowadays that people are requiring faster and faster feedback from these analysis. In particular in the context of an antenna design process, the analyses for successive different versions of the antenna have to be supplied with increasing rapidity. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The aim of the invention is to meet this demand by providing the antenna designer with a very fast analysis feedback system, enabling him to make changes to the antenna with great speed. 
   This aim is met by the invention by virtue of an arrangement for studying the electromagnetic behavior of a wave-emitting or wave-receiving tool. An anechoic chamber is configured to receive the electromagnetic tool as well as a person handling the tool. At least one analysis antenna is configured to pick up the radiation emitted from or received by the electromagnetic tool. Means for processing the output signals from the analysis antenna and means for displaying a radiation diagram created for the electromagnetic tool are also provided. The means for displaying the radiation diagram is disposed inside the anechoic chamber so that the person handling the electromagnetic tool is able to directly observe the effect of the person&#39;s handling the tool on the electromagnetic behavior of the tool. The tool can also be fitted directly onto the person handling the tool in the anechoic chamber (on viewing goggles, for example) or fitted onto another person located in the anechoic chamber. 
   Other characteristics, objectives and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description that follows, provided with reference to the appended figures. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is an electrical diagram of a study arrangement according to the invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a general view of an anechoic chamber according to the invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   As illustrated in the simplified diagram in  FIG. 1 , the analysis device has a simple functional structure, based on a series of devices, each of which is known in its own right. 
   Thus, the device is built around a series of analysis antennae or a network of analysis probes  20  distributed in a circle around an antenna to be studied  10 . 
   The analysis antennae  20  are connected to a processing unit  30 , whose role is to convert the signals supplied by the antennae  20  into a video display signal. This video signal is proportional to the field radiated by the antenna under test in the direction of the test antenna. This video signal is transmitted to a display screen  40 , illustrated at the top of the figure. 
   We should also mention that the processing unit  30  is connected to a rotary motor  50  bearing the antenna to be studied  10 , and receives from this motor  50  a positioning signal that is used to calculate the relative positions of the antenna to be studied  10  and the test antennae  20 . 
   In the operating principle of the arrangement illustrated here, as the motor  50  rotates, the processing unit  30  acquires, in a known manner, a series of radiation readings in a series of successive planes, these planes being distributed in rotation around the antenna to be studied  10 . 
   The assembly of these different plane readings allows the processing unit to provide a display in three dimensions of the radiation diagram of the antenna to be studied, and to show this display on the screen  40 . 
   In  FIG. 1 , the walls of the chamber in which the antennae are located, are not shown. The walls shown in  FIG. 2  form a closed space, and are each equipped, for example, with a multitude of pyramid-shaped pegs pointing inwards. 
   This arrangement eliminates the electromagnetic echo in the chamber, which is why it is called anechoic. 
   In  FIG. 1 , the walls of the chamber in which the antennae are located are not shown. The walls shown in  FIG. 2  form a closed space, and are each equipped, for example, with a multitude of pyramid-shaped pegs pointing inwards. 
   According to one quite particular arrangement, the display screen  40 , which until now has been placed outside the chamber, typically in an external space dedicated only to computer processing, is here brought into the chamber itself. 
   Positioned in the chamber, the screen  40  allows the operator to observe the behaviour of the antenna  10  which is directly within his reach, in real or slightly-deferred time. 
   The operator can then perform a role which he was denied hitherto, namely that of interpreting the behaviour of the antenna  10  (or of any other electromagnetic tool) while actually handling the latter. This arrangement allows the operator to change and act upon the antenna (or any other electromagnetic tool), and to view the resulting radiation diagram in an interactive manner. 
   Thus, changes aimed at improving the behaviour of the antenna are rendered possible in real time. 
   In this way, the operator  70  can simply alter the geometry of the antenna  10 , or indeed its positioning in the chamber, such as its height, or its orientation, or the adjustment parameters, and can directly interpret the effects of his actions. 
   It turns out that this role assigned to the operator, namely interpreting the effects of his handlings, allows a far more effective exploration of the electromagnetic potential of the antennae and other electromagnetic tools. 
   Thus, developments which have gone unsuspected up to the present can be revealed very rapidly by experimental manipulation in the chamber. 
   A preferred variant consists, however, of placing this screen as far away as possible from the antenna, that is against a wall of the chamber. 
   In  FIG. 2 , the screen  40  is a flat liquid crystal or plasma screen, for example, whose positioning against a vertical wall of the chamber only slightly disrupts the electromagnetic radiation in the latter. The screen  40  can also be a conventional optical projection screen (computer+projector). 
   More generally, it is preferable to recess the viewing surface of the screen, for example the front surface of a flat or cathode-ray tube monitor, in the plane of the chamber wall, thus avoiding the introduction of any foreign volume into the chamber. 
   In a variant where the study consists of examining the behaviour of a mobile telephone or of any other portable electromagnetic appliance, and where it has been normal to place the user of the telephone within in the circle of the antennae, this present device also has an undoubted advantage in allowing account to be taken of the effect of the human body on the radiation pattern. 
   Thus, the user of the telephone, who until now has had an organic presence only, now has the advantage of direct and live observation of the effect of his presence. 
   Thus by varying the position of his body or of his telephone in relation to himself, the user is able to observe the effects of these variations live and direct. 
   It is thus rendered possible for the user to rapidly ascertain the various options for positioning the components of the telephone which may be particularly favourable to electromagnetic transmission in the presence of the human body. 
   Likewise, changes performed live on portable appliances reveal options for direct developments that have been quite unsuspected in the past. 
   According to an advantageous variant for such application to the mobile telephone, an arm rest is provided in order to help the operator to accurately position the arm bearing the mobile telephone, in addition to a seat placed at the centre of the test antennae and intended to accommodate the operator. 
   It proves to be highly advantageous to arrange for the telephone to be used with the elbow resting on a support, in order to prevent movements of the body from changing the conditions on which the measurements are based. This support has the benefit of enabling successive and repeatable measurements to be taken in the presence of operators. 
   In addition, such an armrest is preferably equipped with means for adjusting its position. 
   These position adjusting means can be designed for a height adjustment only or for height adjustment as well as horizontal movement in a forward and back or sideways motion in relation to the user. 
   According to the simplest variant, these adjustment means take the form of sliding guides which are secured after adjustment using a series of fixing screws. 
   The presence of such an armrest, or of a support for any other part of the arm, is also useful in that it allows the operator to leave his seat and then to resume his previous position in a comparatively accurate manner, namely to re-assume a relative position between body and telephone which is identical to that of the previous measurement, or nearly so. 
   Thus, if a change requires that the operator should leave his seat, the radiation emitted before and after this change remains reliable since it is measured under very similar conditions. 
   Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.