Abstract:
An apparatus for aerobic biological treatment of waste water and the like includes a tank configured to retain waste water therein, and a wheel rotatably mounted in the tank. The wheel includes a plurality of chambers arranged in axial succession about the circumference of the wheel. The chambers include openings which are oriented generally upwardly and emerge from the waste water adjacent a top dead center position of the wheel and are oriented generally downwardly and submerged in the waste water adjacent a bottom dead center position of the wheel. An air drive mechanism rotates the wheel, and an air pipe communicates with the air drive mechanism, and is disposed generally below the wheel, and is configured to release air bubbles therefrom after the bottom dead center position. A plurality of bubble connectors are connected with and protrude radially outwardly from the wheel at locations preceding the openings, and are shaped to guide the bubbles from the air pipe through the openings into the chambers.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to an apparatus for aerobic biological cleaning of waste water with a tank for holding the waste water and a wheel that can rotate in the tank around a horizontal axis, whereby the wheel has a number of chambers that are arranged axially in succession about the circumference of the wheel. Each chamber is provided with an opening, which adjacent the top dead center position of the wheel, emerges out of the waste water and is pointed upward, and adjacent the bottom dead center position of the wheel is submerged into the waste water and is pointed downward. 
     Apparatuses of this type for aerobic biological cleaning of waste water according to the so-called combined immersion element-activated sludge process are known in many variations from the state of the art. 
     In such device, the waste water cleaning occurs, on one hand, by the free-floating activated sludge (suspended biomass) and on the other, by adhering microorganisms on growing surfaces of the rotating immersion element formed by the walls of the chambers (sessile biomass). In this way, the activated sludge process is combined in one unit with the immersion element process. 
     Bucket wheels and tube wheels are used as preferred construction shapes for the combined process. 
     The bucket wheel with bucket segments is composed of several plastic segments arranged parallel to the axis. These consist of a number of profiled polypropylene plates. Their distinguishing characteristic is the forming of chambers (bucket segments), which are used for the entry of air during submerging the chambers in the waste water and enlargement of the colonization surfaces. They ensure the oxygen supply according to the requirements. 
     The tube wheel is identical in function to the bucket wheel. However, the colonizing surface and the volume of the air chambers are smaller. The modified construction shape results from the specific goals of the particular application. The tubes are arranged on the periphery of the wheel parallel to the axis of the wheel. They are typically constructed of joined plastic disks. 
     Equipping the rotating wheel with a paddle is generally known. This is used for mixing the waste water when the wheel turns in the tank. 
     The bucket wheel and/or tube wheel is driven by means of an electric motor by way of a gear that acts on the central bearing shaft of the wheel. 
     An apparatus of the type named at the beginning with the use of a tube wheel is known from DE 25 44 177 C2 and DE-OS 26 38 665. One apparatus that uses a bucket wheel is described in DE 34 11 865 C2 and EP 0 881 990 B1. Reference is made to EP 1 338 566 A1 regarding the further state of the art. 
     What is disadvantageous in the known apparatuses is the very great amount of construction effort needed in connection with the drive, which is necessary due to the electric motor and its mounting and the interaction of electric motor and gear, as well as gear and wheel. Besides that, this means a great deal of maintenance effort for the wheel drive. It is also disadvantageous that only the air that is pressed into the waste water by means of the chambers under the water surface during submersion of the chambers into the waste water contributes to the cleaning process of the waste water, whereby this air already escapes out of the chamber and goes back to the water surface when the chamber moves beyond bottom dead center. 
     According to the state of the art, forming the wheel of a number of disk or honeycomb elements arranged at a distance from each other that do not form any chamber and do not form any enclosed spaces apart from the openings is already known. To this extent, no compression of the air can occur with such a honeycomb immersion element. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,755,961 describes an aquarium system with an apparatus for pumping water through the system and for supporting bacterial grown. In this case, a treatment unit has a tank for water and a device for movement of the water. This device is designed as a wheel that is provided on its circumference with air capturing means. Below the wheel, in the area of the air capturing elements submerged in the water, an outlet opening of an air pipe is placed so that the rising air that is output from it enters into the air capturing means and as a result the wheel is turned. The wheel has a first hollow section and a second section, which is used to displace the water and has a biological filter for promoting the bacterial growth. When the wheel turns, the second section of the wheel submerges into the water and causes an increase of the water level in the tank. As a result of this, the water can leave the tank over an overflow threshold. As soon as the second section has emerged from the water again, the lower water level develops in the tank again, with the consequence that water flows out of the system into the tank. With continued rotation of the wheel, a pumping of the water through the system thus occurs. When the second section emerges out of the water, about half the wheel submerges into the water located in the tank. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,886,074 describes an apparatus for biological treatment of waste water, wherein wheel-shaped immersion element submerges with less than half of its diameter into waste water located in a tank and is rotated around a horizontal axis by means of air. The air is output below the immersion element, behind its bottom dead center, from an air pipe and enters into pocket-shaped parts that are arranged on the circumference of the wheel. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,668,387 describes a device for treating waste water that also has an immersion element that can rotate around a horizontal axis in a tank filled with waste water. It is suggested that the immersion element submerges completely into the waste water and is driven by means of compressed air that is supplied in a lower area of the tank that holds the immersion element. 
     EP-A 14 453 discloses an immersion trickling filter with chambers to which a gas containing oxygen is supplied so the immersion trickling filter is turned. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     One object of the present invention is to further develop an apparatus of the type described above in such a way that it has an especially simple design, a low maintenance drive for the wheel and an especially high efficiency in cleaning the waste water. 
     Another object of the present invention is achieved with an apparatus of the type described above in that an air drive is provided for the wheel, whereby the air is output from an air pipe, in such a way that it arrives in the chambers behind its bottom dead center relative to the rotational direction of the wheel, and a shaped part that points radially outward is connected to the respective chamber such that air that is output from the air pipe is guided into the opening of the chamber or into the opening of the chamber rotational prior to this chamber. 
     In contrast to the state of the art, in which the air is carried into the water exclusively by means of the chambers, now according to the present invention air is output from below by the air drive, so that this air arrives at the wheel and flows into the chambers oriented toward the air pipe. Thus not only air that is brought into the water by the chambers is available for the biological cleaning process, but also the air output from the air pipe that generates a lift on the chambers during movement in the direction of the water surface. It is considered especially advantageous if the ratio of carried air to lift air is ⅓ to ⅔. The carried air and the lift air are compressed in the respective chamber and act on the growing surfaces and/or the biological turf that is formed in the chamber. 
     Thus according to the invention, no electrical drive is necessary, except for a gear to transfer the rotary movement of the electrical motor to the wheel through a simple fan or the like, which supplies the air pipe and the air is output from there in the direction of the wheel. Because of the new drive concept, the wheel can be designed so it is significantly lighter. The relatively heavy components of the gear are dispensed with, for example, pinion, ring gear and chain. It is just these components that are no longer needed in the present invention that are subject to wear. Because of the air drive and the lift involved with it, the wheel is lighter overall. Therefore it can be sized more simply. In this case as well, the construction effort for manufacturing the wheel is reduced significantly and the wheel can be produced less expensively. Ultimately, in contrast to the state of the art, it is only necessary to mount the axle of the wheel in bearing bushings. These are the only wear parts. 
     It is also advantageous that the air is output at elevated pressure and thus comes into the respective chamber in compressed state. The waste water can absorb a higher percentage of oxygen in its compressed state. 
     What is important in the present invention is that a significant percentage of the air is supplied in a defined form to the chambers. For example 80-90% of the output air is guided into the chambers, 10-20% goes past the chambers and is used for mixing the waste water in the tank. A shaped part or bubble collector is connected to the respective chamber and guides the air output from the air pipe into the chamber to which the shaped part is connected, or into the chamber that is before this chamber in rotation direction of the wheel. The wheel can be designed in an especially simple manner if the shaped part is connected to the chamber, and communicates with the opening in which the air is guided by means of this shaped part. In this case, the chamber and the shaped part form a construction unit in which the shaped part is pointed in the direction of this opening. It is especially advantageous if the shaped part overlaps the opening and forms an accumulating chamber for the compressed air between the element and the shaped part. This accumulating chamber simultaneously forms a retaining chamber for a significant part of the air when the chambers ascend due to the rotary movement of the wheel. 
     If the shaped part connected to the chamber guides the air into the opening of the chamber in front of this chamber, it is considered to be advantageous if this shaped part, upon release of the air onto the shaped part, overlaps the opening of the preceding chamber in vertical alignment. In this way, a significant part of the air is guided from the shaped part into the opening of the preceding chamber. 
     The chamber and the shaped part should be designed geometrically in such a way that the chamber is filled to about 30% to 80% of its chamber volume with air. 
     Another significant advantage of the invention with air carried in and air lift can be seen in that the wheel can submerge significantly deeper into the waste water than is the case with apparatuses known from the state of the art. In the known apparatuses it is necessary that a considerable percentage of the wheel diameter emerge from the waste water located in the tank. With the apparatus according to the present invention, it is completely adequate that the wheel only extends around 5 to 15%, and especially 10%, of its wheel diameter over the level of the waste water located in the tank. 
     The air can be supplied to the chambers in all different ways. An especially simple design provides that the air pipe is arranged parallel to the wheel axis of rotation and extends essentially over the axial length of the wheel, whereby the air pipe is provided with a number of outlet openings for output of the air over the length of the air pipe. 
     Any suitable air drive can be used, especially a fan or pump. It is sufficient if it generates air at a pressure of around 0.3-1.0 bar. This is to be selected depending on the diameter of the wheel and its submersion depth. This pressure can overcome the pressure of the opposing water column. The air output by the air drives will get into the chambers and the compression is maintained until the chamber emerges. 
     The hollow element for forming the chambers can be designed in any way, e.g. round or with corners, and especially with square or triangular cross section. 
     According to one embodiment of the invention, the chambers are formed by a number of plastic plates inserted in each other, whereby the adjacent plastic plates form the respective chambers. It is considered to be especially advantageous if the respective plastic plate and the shaped part form a component. This component is especially cast. 
     These and other advantages of the invention will be further understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art by reference to the following written specification, claims and appended drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the figures, the invention is shown in an exemplary way in several embodiments, without being restricted to them. 
       In the figures: 
         FIG. 1  shows the device according to the invention for an embodiment designed as a tube wheel in a cross section representation along line I-I in  FIG. 2 , 
         FIG. 2  shows a view of the device shown in  FIG. 1 , seen in the direction of arrow II according to  FIG. 1 , 
         FIG. 3  shows a cross section through a plastic disk, whereby by joining a number of plastic disks a tube of the tube wheel is formed, shown in a cross section along line III-III in  FIG. 2 , 
         FIG. 4  shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention for a modified tube wheel shown in a cross section representation along line IV-IV in  FIG. 5 , 
         FIG. 5  shows the device shown in  FIG. 4  in a view V according to  FIG. 4 , 
         FIG. 6  shows a third embodiment of the device according to the invention that has a bucket wheel instead of a tube wheel, in a cross section along line VI-VI in  FIG. 7  and 
         FIG. 7  shows a view of the device shown in  FIG. 6  seen in the direction of arrow VII in  FIG. 6 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     For purposes of description herein, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “right”, “left”, “rear”, “front”, “vertical”, “horizontal” and derivatives thereof shall relate to the invention as oriented in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . However, it is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative orientations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices and processes illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification, are simply exemplary embodiments of the inventive concepts defined in the appended claims. Hence, specific dimensions and other physical characteristics relating to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting, unless the claims expressly state otherwise. 
     With respect to the first embodiment of the tube wheel,  FIGS. 1 to 3  show the device  1  for aerobic biological cleaning of waste water that is located in a tank  2 . The water level of the waste water in the tank  2  is designated with reference number  3 . The two side walls  4  of tank  2  hold bearing shells  5  for a shaft  6  that is mounted in them and can rotate around the axis  7 . Spokes  8  are connected so that they rotate with shaft  6  and end plates  28  are connected to them. The end plates  28  hold a number of tubes  9  in the area of their circular end segments, in the exemplary embodiment twenty tubes  9 . Each tube  9  has an essentially circular cross section. On the outer radial side of the respective tube  9  an opening  10  is provided, which extends at an angle  10  (shown in broken lines) relative to the circular section of tube  9 , as shown in  FIG. 1 . Each tube  9  is made of a number of plastic plates  12  stacked next to each other, of which one plastic plate  12  is shown in  FIG. 3 . Between each two adjacent plastic plates  12 , the respective opening  10  is formed, which thus has an extension in lengthwise direction of the shaft  6  that corresponds to the spacing of the adjacent plastic plates  12  in the area of the opening  10 .  FIG. 3  shows the opening  10 , but not the other identical plastic plate to be arranged in the area of this opening  10  that interacts with the plastic plate  12  shown. 
     The plastic plates  12  can be designed in any way, for example round or with corners and especially as triangles or squares. 
     Because of the plastic plates  12  are stacked laterally next to each other, the respective tube  9  results with the chamber  13  formed between each two adjacent plastic plates  12 . A bearing shaft (not shown) passes through the central flange  14  of the respective plastic plate  12 , which is connected in the area of its two face sides to side walls  4 . The bearing shaft is connected so that it rotates together with the end plates  28  and spokes  8  of the assembly and holds the plastic plates  12  so that they rotate together, with the respective openings  10  of the respective tubes  9  are pointed radially outwardly with respect to the axis  7 . 
     The rotation direction of the tube wheel  15  formed of the tubes  9 , the end plates  28 , spokes  8  and the shaft  6  is shown with reference number  16  and occurs in counterclockwise direction related to the illustration in  FIG. 1 . 
     The device  1  is used to aerate the waste water. Because of the oxygen contained in the air, the pollutants contained in the waste water are converted to harmless substances, to the extent that these can be broken down by the oxygen in the air. A large surface of the plastic plates  12  that is accessible to air and water results because the plastic plates  12  have recesses and/or elevations, whereby their depths and/or heights are significantly smaller than the distance to adjacent disks. The consequence of this is that at these locations, a biological turf of microorganisms occurs after a relatively short period of time. 
     In the fill level shown in  FIG. 1 , the tube wheel  15  extends with about up to 10% of its diameter out of the liquid. 
     The tube wheel  15  is driven by means of an air drive or pneumatic drive  17 . This has an air pipe  18  that is formed as a punched and/or perforated pipe that is arranged parallel to the shaft  6  of the tube wheel  15  and extends essentially over the axial length of the tube wheel  15 . The air is supplied by way of an air pipe  19  to the air pipe  18  by a fan or pump that is not shown in more detail, and is arranged outside the tank  2 . The air drive generates air at a pressure of 0.3 to 1.0 bar. 
     As can be seen especially from the illustration in  FIG. 1 , the air is output from the air pipe  18  below the tube wheel  15  in such a way that the air enters into the chambers  13  behind the bottom dead center of the wheel with respect to its rotation direction  16 . With the respective plastic plate  12 , a shaped part or bubble collector  20  is connected that has the special task of capturing a majority of the air output from the air pipe  18 , represented by various bubbles  21 , and conducting or guiding the bubbles into the chamber  13 . This part  20  can have all different shapes and is therefore designated as a shaped part or bubble collector. The respective plastic plate  12  and the shaped part  20  assigned to it may be made as cast parts. 
     In the embodiment according to  FIGS. 1 to 3 , starting from the actual tube  9 , the shaped part  20  is positioned opposite the direction of rotation  16  but with a radial outward component with respect to the shaft  6  of the tube wheel  15 . This means that with the tube  9  that is arranged above the bubbles  21 , ascending from the compressed air pipe, the shaped part  20  is oriented approximately vertically. The respective tube  9  also has the particular feature that it has a bulge  22  that points outwardly in the area of the tube  9  and/or the respective plastic plate  12  oriented away from the opening  10 . 
     In  FIG. 1 , the fill level is shown for the respective tube  9 , i.e. for the chamber  13  formed between two adjacent plastic plates and the liquid level is designated there with the reference number  23 . 
     As already explained, the tube wheel  15  is put in rotation by the air drive  17 . The bubbles  21  coming out of the air pipe  18 , i.e. compressed air, is largely supplied by the shaped part  20  to the opening  10  during rotation of the tube wheel  15  and thus comes into the chamber assigned to the respective opening  10 . The tube wheel  15  continues to turn in rotational direction  16 , and air gets into the following or trailing tube  9 .  FIG. 1  shows that, starting from tube  9 , that is located directly above the air pipe  18 , the majority of the chambers  13  are filled with air. If the tube  9  reaches a position that corresponds to a position of the small hand of the clock at approximately 2 o&#39;clock, the shaped part  20  can no longer hold the air back completely in the chamber  13 , so the air shifts or beads upwardly along the radial outer edge of shaped part  20 . When tube  9  goes above the water level  3 , liquid remains in the respective tube  9 . With a further rotation of the tube end  15  when the position of tube  9  reaches about 11 o&#39;clock, the tube  9  submerges back into the liquid and, especially because of the bulge  22 , which represents a cavity that is still closed toward the top, takes an air bubble along with it below the water surface  3 . In the further course of rotation the tube  9 , and especially the bulge  22 , prevents the air bubble from going upward. Since the water pressure increases with positioning of the tube  9  further down in the tank during further turning of the tube wheel  15 , the air bubble is thus compressed more. After going past bottom dead center, the tube  9  shifts back into the area of the air pipe  18 . 
     Because of the design of the tube wheel and of the air drive  17 , there is almost always air in the chambers  13  during the entire passage of the tube  9  through the water. The air passes alternately over the biological turfs during the rotation. Because of the sinusoidal design of the plastic plate  12  in the area radially outside the flange  14  during the rotation of the turf, the highest oxygen exchange can be recorded in the area of the turf. This increases the efficiency of the waste water cleaning significantly. 
     The embodiment according to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , which also show a tube wheel  15 , differs from that according to  FIGS. 1 to 3  in that the respective tube  9  and/or the respective plastic plates  12  with shaped parts  20  are designed differently. Instead of the straight, plate-shaped shaped part  20  according to the embodiment in  FIGS. 1 to 3 , in the embodiment according to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , a shaped part  20  is provided that is represented as a bulge that connects to the tube  9  and is designed similarly to the bulge  22 . This design of the shaped part  20  causes a large volume of the chambers  13  for holding air. Since air cannot be taken in when tube  9  is at a position before about 5 o&#39;clock, the air goes on the outside past this tube  9 . As the tube  9  proceeds in rotation direction  16  past the 5 o&#39;clock position, the air, through its opening  10 , enters into the chambers  13  assigned to the tubes  9 . For the sake of simplicity, those components of the two embodiments that correlate in function are designated with the same reference numbers. This also applies to the other embodiment to be described in the following. 
       FIGS. 6 and 7  show an embodiment in which the wheel is designed as a bucket wheel  24 . The respective bucket  25  is formed by a number of plastic plates  12  stacked next to each other so that the chamber  13  results between adjacent plastic plates  12  in the way described above. Radially on the outside, the respective plastic plate  12  that is designed with a plate shape according to the embodiment according to  FIGS. 1 to 3  is provided with the shaped part  20  in the manner described above. This shaped part  20  shifts in the rotational direction  16  of the bucket wheel  24  defines the opening  10  of the respective chamber  13 . The bucket wheel  24  basically differs from the tube wheel  15  in that the respective bucket  25  is provided with another opening  26  radially on the inside, with respect to the respective chamber  13 . Also, the chamber  13  positioned rotationally before the opening  26  is provided with a separating rib  27  that is pointed toward the shaped part  20 , and extends over about half the radial expansion of the chamber. In this way, the chamber halves  13   a  and  13   b  are formed. 
     In the position of the respective bucket at about 5 o&#39;clock, if air comes through the opening  10  into the chamber  13  of the adjacent plastic plates, it comes into the chamber  13   a . The air stays there until the bucket  25  reaches about the 1 o&#39;clock position, after which it escapes through the opening  10 . Upon further rotation of the bucket wheel  24 , water enters through the other opening  26  into the chamber  13   b . With a rotation of the bucket wheel  24  into the area of 11 o&#39;clock, the shaped part  20  prevents the liquid from entering into the chamber  13 . Instead of that, air goes through the opening  10  into the chamber  13   b  and is retained there. At a position of the bucket wheel  24  that corresponds to about 8 o&#39;clock, the air escapes from the chamber  13   b  through the opening  25  with continued rotation of the wheel. Thus in this embodiment, more air comes into the central area of bucket wheel  24 , as is shown by the various bubbles  21 . 
     In the foregoing description, it will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the concepts disclosed herein. Such modifications are to be considered as included in the following claims, unless these claims by their language expressly state otherwise. 
     The invention claimed is as follows.