Abstract:
An electrical connector assembly for terminating first and second electrical wires, the electrical connector assembly comprising a housing including a compartment for receiving first and second IDC elements and a cap movably mounted to the housing to cover the compartment. The cap is movable between an open position and a closed position. The cap includes a general body portion, a wire retention portion, and a latching mechanism. The wire retention portion includes first and second wire holders to retain and align the respective electrical wires within the housing for engagement with a gripping portion of the respective IDC element when the cap is placed in a closed position. The gripping force of the wire holders is less than a gripping force of the IDC elements. The latching mechanism can releasably fasten the cap to the housing when the cap is placed in a closed position. When the cap is returned to an open position after the cap was placed in the closed position, the first and second wires are retained by the first and second IDC elements and the first and second wire holders disengage the first and second wires from the cap.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/914,863 filed on Apr. 30, 2007; and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/988,531, filed on Nov. 16, 2007. The disclosures of each aforementioned Provisional Applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 

   FIELD 
   The present invention relates to an electrical connector assembly, more specifically a terminal block or a cross connect block. In a particular aspect, the present invention relates to an electrical connector assembly for housing an insulation displacement element for use in making an electrical connection with an electrical conductor, where the connector assembly includes a multifunctional cap to provide straightforward installation of the electrical conductors being connected. 
   BACKGROUND 
   In a telecommunications context, connector blocks are connected to cables that feed subscribers while other connector blocks are connected to cables to the central office. To make the electrical connection between the subscriber block and the central office block, jumper wires are inserted to complete the electrical circuit. Typically jumper wires can be connected, disconnected, and reconnected several times as the consumer&#39;s service needs change. The connector blocks are often implemented in an electrical connector assembly, sometimes referred to as a terminal block or a cross connect block. 
   An insulation displacement connector, or “IDC element,” can be used to make the electrical connection to a wire or electrical conductor. The IDC element displaces the insulation from a portion of the electrical conductor when the electrical conductor is inserted into a slot within the IDC element such that the IDC element makes electrical connection to the electrical conductor. Once the electrical conductor is inserted into the slot, and the wire insulation is displaced, electrical contact is made between the conductive surface of the IDC element and the conductive core of the electrical conductor. 
   Typically the IDC element is disposed in an insulated housing. The housing has a cap or other moveable member that is used to press the electrical conductor into contact with the IDC element. In some conventional implementations, the electrical conductor is inserted in the housing and then the cap is closed. However, the user often cannot visually verify that a proper connection with the IDC element has been made. 
   Conventional cross connect blocks are known. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,210,378; 4,431,247; 4,815,988; 4,279,460; 4,789,354; 4,341,430; 4,533,196; 4,127,312; 5,147,218; 5,281,163; 5,281,163 and GB. Patent No. 2,129,630. 
   SUMMARY 
   In a first aspect of the present invention, an electrical connector assembly for terminating first and second electrical wires is provided. The electrical connector assembly comprises a housing including a compartment for receiving first and second IDC elements and a cap movably mounted to the housing to cover the compartment, wherein the cap is movable between an open position and a closed position. The cap includes a general body portion, a wire retention portion, and a latching mechanism. The wire retention portion includes first and second wire holders, each formed of a flexible material, to receive and hold the respective first and second electrical wires, the first and second wire holders each having a generally cylindrical shape and each comprising a slit formed along the length of the wire holder. The wire holder retains and aligns the respective electrical wire within the housing for engagement with a gripping portion of the respective IDC element when the cap is placed in a closed position. The gripping force of the wire holder is less than the gripping force of the IDC element. The latching mechanism can releasably fasten the cap to the housing when the cap is placed in a closed position. With this configuration, when the cap is placed in the open position after the cap was placed in the closed position, the first and second wires are retained by the first and second IDC elements and the first and second wire holders disengage the first and second wires. 
   In another aspect of the invention, a cap movably mountable to a base portion of an IDC block and configured to cover a compartment having first and second IDC elements includes a general body portion, a wire retention portion, and a latching mechanism. The wire retention portion includes first and second wire holders, each formed of a flexible material, to receive and hold the respective first and second electrical wires, the first and second wire holders each having a generally cylindrical shape and each comprising a slit formed along the length of the wire holder. The wire holder retains and aligns the respective wire within the housing for engagement with a gripping portion of the respective IDC element when the cap is placed in a closed position. The gripping force of the wire holder is less than the gripping force of the IDC element. The latching mechanism can releasably fasten the cap to the housing when the cap is placed in a closed position. With this configuration, when the cap is placed in the open position after the cap was placed in the closed position, the first and second wires are retained by the first and second IDC elements and the first and second wire holders disengage the first and second wires. 
   In another aspect of the invention, a cap, movably mountable to a base portion of an IDC block and configured to cover multiple, gel-filled terminal compartments, each compartment having first and second IDC elements, comprises a general body portion having an elongated cover configured to cover a plurality of gel-filled terminal compartments. The cap also includes a gel displacement portion formed on an underside of the general body portion that includes a plurality of ramped wire guides each shaped with a pushing slope to force gel disposed within the terminal compartment to move toward an IDC element housed in the terminal compartment. The cap also includes a latching mechanism to releasably fasten the cap to the housing when the cap is placed in a closed position. 
   In another aspect of the invention, a method of installing a wire pair in a terminal block assembly comprises providing the electrical connector assembly described above. The cap is placed in an open position. The first and second wires of the wire pair are inserted in the first and second wire holders, respectively, until ends of the wires contact a rear wall portion of the cap. The cap is closed onto the compartment, wherein the latching mechanism of the cap is engaged by a corresponding boss formed in the housing. The first and second wires are engaged by respective first and second IDC elements when the cap is placed in the closed position. When the cap is placed in the open position after the cap has been placed in the closed position, the first and second wires are retained by the first and second IDC elements and the first and second wire holders disengage from the first and second wires. 
   In another aspect of the invention, an electrical device that terminates at least a first electrical wire, comprises a base including at least a first IDC element housed therein and electrically coupled to the electrical device. In addition, the device includes a cap movably mounted to the base, wherein the cap is movable between an open position and a closed position. The cap includes a general body portion and a wire retention portion comprising a first wire holder to receive and hold the first electrical wire. The first wire holder has a generally cylindrical shape and comprises a slit formed along the length of the wire holder, wherein the wire holder retains and aligns the first electrical wire for engagement with a gripping portion of the first IDC element when the cap is placed in a closed position, wherein a gripping force of the wire holder is less than a gripping force of the IDC element. Also, the cap includes a latching mechanism to releasably fasten the cap to the base when the cap is placed in a closed position. In one aspect, the base includes a plurality of IDC elements, and wherein the cap includes a corresponding plurality of wire holders to receive and hold a plurality of electrical wires. In another aspect, the device is a printed circuit board. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1A  is an isometric view of an exemplary electrical connector assembly according to an aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 1B  is another isometric view of a portion of an exemplary electrical connector assembly according to an aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 2A  is a view of a portion of an exemplary electrical connector assembly according to an aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 2B  is a cross section view of  FIG. 2A  showing an IDC terminal element disposed in a base portion of an exemplary electrical connector assembly according to an aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 3A  is an isometric view of an IDC terminal element according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 3B  is another isometric view of an IDC terminal element in an exemplary electrical connector assembly according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 4A  is an isometric front view of an exemplary cap according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 4B  is an isometric bottom view of an exemplary cap according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 4C  is a front view of an alternative exemplary cap according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 4D  is an isometric bottom view of an alternative cap according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 5  is a top view of an exemplary cap according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 6  is an isometric view of an exemplary cap holding a wire pair according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 7  is an isometric top view of an exemplary cap holding a wire pair according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 8  is an isometric view of an exemplary electrical connector assembly and cap in an open position holding a wire pair according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 9  is a close-up isometric view of a portion of an exemplary electrical connector assembly and cap in a closed position according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 10  is a close-up cut away isometric view of a portion of an electrical connector assembly and cap holding a wire pair in an open position according to an aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 11  is a close-up cut away isometric view of a portion of an electrical connector assembly and cap holding a wire pair in a closed position according to an aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 12  is a close-up cut away isometric view of a portion of an electrical connector assembly and cap after installation of a wire pair, with the cap being returned to an open position according to an aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 13  is an isometric view of a jumper device according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 14  is an isometric view of a protection device according to another aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 15  is an isometric view of an alternative electrical connector assembly according to an aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 16A  is an isometric top view of an alternative multi-pair cap according to an aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 16B  is an isometric bottom view of an alternative multi-pair cap according to an aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 17  is an isometric view of an alternative cap according to an aspect of the invention. 
       FIG. 18A  is an isometric view of a connector assembly of an alternative aspect of the invention coupled to an electrical device. 
       FIG. 18B  is another view of the connector assembly of  FIG. 18A . 
   

   While the above-identified figures set forth several embodiments of the invention, other embodiments are also contemplated, as noted in the discussion. In all cases, this disclosure presents the invention by way of representation and not limitation. It should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art, which fall within the spirit and scope of the principals of this invention. The figures may not be drawn to scale. Like reference numbers have been used throughout the figures to denote like parts. 
   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     FIG. 1A  shows an electrical connector assembly  16 , sometimes referred to herein as a terminal block or a cross connect block. In an exemplary aspect, cross connect block  16  has a generally rectangular structure. For example, in alternative aspects, cross connect block  16  can have a right rectangular prism structure, a box-like regular parallel piped or rectangular solid structure, or a rectangular parallel piped structure. Cross connect block  16  includes a base  21  and a plurality of covers or caps  18  arranged on upper and lower sides of the base  21 . In particular,  FIG. 1A  shows a plurality of caps  18  arranged on the upper side of base  21 , where cap  18 A is shown in an open position and cap  18 B is shown in a closed position. Although not shown, a plurality of caps  18  can be arranged on the lower side of base  21 . In an alternative aspect, the lower side of base  21  can include a plurality of caps having a different construction, as is explained in further detail below. 
   As shown in  FIG. 1B , cap  18  can be coupled, e.g., pivotally mounted, to base  21  via a set of trunnions or pivots  19  engaging a corresponding set of trunnion mounts or pivot mounts  17  formed on base  21 . In a preferred aspect, the pivoting mechanism can provide for a cap rotation of about 90 degrees or greater. In accordance with exemplary aspects of the present invention, and as described in further detail below, cap  18  can provide straightforward installation of the electrical wires being connected in the cross connect block as the wires are first installed in the cap  18  at a convenient orientation or cap angle. This configuration can facilitate more straightforward installation in high density arrangements where the distance between blocks is close. 
     FIG. 2B  shows a cross section of the cross connect block  16  taken along line  2 B- 2 B in  FIG. 2A , and shows that the base  21  has a plurality of terminals  30 . The terminals  30  are used to electrically connect a first set of wires  23  and a second set of wires  63  (shown in  FIG. 1A ). Typically, the wires  23 ,  63  can be “Tip” and “Ring” twisted wire pairs. Any standard telephone wire with PVC insulation (or other conventional insulation) may be used as the electrical conductor. The wires may be, but are not limited to: 22 AWG (rounded copper wire nominal diameter 0.025 inches (0.65 mm) with nominal PVC insulation thickness of 0.010 inches (0.023 mm)); 24 AWG (rounded copper wire nominal diameter 0.020 inches (0.5 mm) with nominal PVC insulation thickness of 0.010 inches (0.025 mm)); 26 AWG (rounded copper wire nominal diameter 0.016 inches (0.4 mm) with nominal PVC insulation thickness of 0.010 inches (0.025 mm)). Although the embodiments described herein are specifically directed to cross connect blocks for twisted wire pairs, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art given the present description, the connector assembly can be modified to connect a single wire or single wire sets as well using a single wire cap or set of single wire caps (see e.g.,  FIG. 17 ). Further, in another alternative aspect, the cap can be configured to hold and connect one or more wires (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more) to one or multiple IDC elements of a block, a printed circuit board, or other electrical or telecommunications device. (see e.g.,  FIGS. 18A and 18B ). 
   The base  21  can be preferably formed with thermoplastic electrically insulative plastic filled with glass fibers. For example, base  21  may be constructed of an engineering plastic such as, but not limited to: Valox® 325, a polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) polymer, available from GE Plastics of Pittsfield, Mass.; Lexan® 500R, a flame retardant polycarbonate resin, with 10% glass fiber available from GE Plastics of Pittsfield, Mass.; Makralon® 9415, a flame retardant polycarbonate resin, with 10% glass fiber reinforcement available from Bayer Plastics Division of Pittsburgh, Pa.; or Makralon® 9425, a polycarbonate resin, flame retardant, 20% glass fiber reinforced grade available from Bayer Plastics Division of Pittsburgh, Pa. 
   Generally, several compartments (an exemplary compartment  20  is shown in  FIG. 2B ) are formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the base  21 . For example, as shown in  FIG. 1A , base  21  includes 10 pairs of compartments (upper and lower). Also, a plurality of sets of slots  25  for holding the terminals  30  are formed in the base  21  (see  FIG. 2B ). The above-mentioned base materials can provide excellent electrical insulation to the terminals  30  in the slots  25 , and can provide sufficient strength required for the engagement of the wires and the terminals  30 . The compartments are structures designed for preventing the base from warping and deforming easily in the thermoplastic molding process. The upper and lower sides of the base  21  both have posts  22  and  24 , and the groove disposed between the posts  22  and  24  can help to align the first set of wires  23  and the second set of wires  63  held in the caps  18 . Thus, the size of the groove between the posts  22  and  24  can be slightly greater than the outer diameter of the wires. 
     FIG. 3A  shows the structure of a terminal  30 , preferably an IDC terminal (also referred to herein as an IDC element  30 ).  FIG. 3B  shows terminals  30  installed in base  21 . The terminal can be disposed in a terminal compartment  20  (see  FIG. 2B ) of the electrical connector assembly  16 . The terminal compartment can also be filled with a sealant, such as a conventional gel, to help prevent moisture from entering the terminal compartment and corroding the terminal. 
   Sealant materials useful in the exemplary embodiments include greases and gels, such as, but not limited to RTV® 6186 mixed in an A to B ratio of 1.00 to 0.95, available from GE Silicones of Waterford, N.Y. Gels, which can be described as sealing material containing a three-dimensional network, have finite elongation properties which allow them to maintain contact with the elements and volumes they are intended to protect. Gels, which are useful herein, may include formulations which contain one or more of the following: (1) plasticized thermoplastic elastomers such as oil-swollen Kraton triblock polymers; (2) crosslinked silicones including silicone oil-diluted polymers formed by crosslinking reactions such as vinyl silanes, and possibly other modified siloxane polymers such as silanes, or nitrogen, halogen, or sulfur derivatives; (3) oil-swollen crosslinked polyurethanes or ureas, typically made from isocyanates and alcohols or amines; (4) oil swollen polyesters, typically made from acid anhydrides and alcohols. Other gels are also possible. Other ingredients such as stabilizers, antioxidants, UV absorbers, colorants, etc. can be added to provide additional functionality if desired. Useful gels may have ball penetrometer readings of between 15 g and 40 g when taken with a 0.25 inch diameter steel ball and a speed of 2 mm/sec to a depth of 4 mm in a sample contained in a cup such as described in ASTM D217 (3 in diameter and 2.5 in tall cylinder filled to top). Further, they may have an elongation as measured by ASTM D412 and D638 of at least 150%, and more preferred at least 350%. Also, these materials may have a cohesive strength, which exceeds the adhesive strength of an exposed surface of the gel to itself or a similar gel. 
   Representative formulations include gels made from 3-15 parts Kraton® G1652, a styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS) block copolymer available from Kraton Polymers, LLC, Houston, Tex., and 90 parts petroleum oil, optionally with antioxidants to slow decomposition during compounding and dispensing. 
   The IDC element  30  can comprise a conductive metal material. In one exemplary embodiment, the IDC element  30  may be constructed of phosphor bronze alloy C51000 per ASTM B103/103M-98e2 with reflowed matte tin plating of 0.000150-0.000300 inches thick, per ASTM B545-97 (2004)e2 and electrodeposited nickel underplating, 0.000050 inches thick minimum, per SAE-AMS-QQ-N-290 (July 2000). 
   The IDC element  30  can have two ends that are substantially U-shaped. For example, a first end  91  and a second end  92  each have a U-shaped slot  93  formed therein (see  FIG. 3A ). The U-shaped slots  93  are configured to engage the first set of wires  23  and the second set of wires  63  respectively. The U-shaped ends have a structure that can displace the insulative layers of the wires inserted in them to allow contact with conductors in the wires. 
   As shown in  FIG. 2B , the IDC elements  30  can be fixed in the slots  25  of the base  21 . In a preferred aspect, the open ends of the substantially U-shaped slots  93  of the IDC elements  30  can be chamfered or rounded. Preferably, the width of the slots  25  is approximately equal to or slightly greater than the thickness of the IDC elements  30 , such that the IDC elements  30  are held and will not shake or rotate in the base  21 . Also, members or barbs  301 ,  302  with a width greater than that of the slots  25  can be formed in regions besides the electrical contact regions of the terminals, and spaces for accommodating the members or barbs  301 ,  302  are formed in the slots  25 . When the depth that IDC elements  30  are inserted in the slots  25  reaches a certain value, the members or barbs  301 ,  302  are released from the narrow width of the slots  25 , and are secured in the accommodating spaces. Thus, the IDC elements can be secured in the slots  25 , and are prevented from sliding vertically. 
   In further detail,  FIGS. 4-12  show various views of exemplary cap  18 . Cap  18  is configured to cover a terminal compartment of the cross connect block. In addition, cap  18  provides for the connection of one set of wires, such as wires  63 , to another set of wires via an IDC element simply by closing the cap  18 . In addition, once a wire is secured in the IDC element  30 , raising the cap  18  (to the open position) does not remove or disengage the connected wire from the IDC element. Moreover, the cap  18  includes a self engaging and releasable latching mechanism that can be hand-actuated and that can withstand multiple openings and closings. Cap  18  also provides testing access to test the terminals and a visual inspection area for verification of wire positioning. While the caps  18  shown in  FIGS. 4-12  are exemplary single cap constructions, multiple caps  18  can be integrally formed together (e.g., to open and close in unison), as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art given the present description. 
   In an exemplary aspect, cap  18  includes a general body portion  101 , a wire retention portion  102  and a latching mechanism  120 . Optionally, cap  18  can further include a test access area  140  and a visual inspection area  150 . Main body portion  101 , which can be formed from an insulative material, has a generally rectangular shape to cover the IDC terminal compartment of the cross connect block  16 . The cap  18  may be constructed of an engineering plastic such as, but not limited to: Ultem® 1100, a polyether imide resin available from GE Plastics of Pittsfield, Mass.; Valox® 420 SEO, a polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) resin flame retardant, up to 20% glass fiber reinforced available from GE Plastics of Pittsfield, Mass.; IXEF® 1501, a polyarylamide resin, flame retardant, up to 20% glass fiber reinforced grade available from Solvay Advanced Polymers, LLC of Alpharetta, Ga.; or IXEF® 1521, a polyarylamide resin, flame retardant, up to 20% glass fiber reinforced grade available from Solvay Advanced Polymers, LLC of Alpharetta, Ga. In a preferred aspect, the material used to form cap  18  can include a flexible plastic material such as Makralon® 2658, 2850, 2407, or 2607 polycarbonate resins available from Bayer Plastics Division of Pittsburgh, Pa. In one aspect, the material used to form cap  18  can be substantially transparent. In another aspect, material used to form cap  18  can be opaque. 
   Each cap  18  includes a wire retention portion  102 , in  FIG. 4A  shown as wire holders  102 A and  102 B. The wire holders  102 A,  102 B have a generally cylindrical or tubular shape, with each including an opening  103  having a size configured to receive and support a conventional wire, such as those described above. As shown, the wire holders are preferably positioned below the top surface of the cap and are aligned with the IDC elements disposed in the body  21 . The wire holders  102 A and  102 B can have the same appearance or they can be different. For example, the opening of wire holder  102 B may be distinguishable (e.g., different shape, different color, etc.) from the opening of wire holder  102 A to indicate that a particular wire should be inserted in holder  102 B as opposed to  102 A. 
   In operation, wires  63  can be inserted through openings  103  until the end of the wire reaches a back-wall portion  114  of cap  18  (see  FIG. 6  and also the cut-away view shown in  FIG. 10 ). The cap  18  also includes an opening or transverse gap  110  that is configured to receive the IDC element  30  as the cap is being closed, such that when the cap is moved to a closed position on the base  21 , the transverse gap  110  is in a corresponding position to the IDC element  30  and the slot  25 . The width of the transverse gap  110  is slightly greater than the thickness of the IDC element  30 . Thus, the cap  18  can be opened and closed repeatedly without directly contacting the IDC element  30 . 
   As shown in  FIG. 4B , which provides a view of cap  18  from underneath the cap, transverse gap  110  may include first and second protrusions  107  disposed therein, which protrude from surface  105 . Protrusions  107  can physically engage with the inserted wires to push the wires into the openings of the IDC elements during cap closure. In addition, the cap  18  can also include guide areas  109  which help maintain the transverse positions of the wires as they are inserted until contact with rear wall  114  and during connection. 
   In an alternative aspect, as is shown in  FIG. 4D , cap  18  can include rear walls  114 ′ that are formed with a smoothly recessed or scalloped back wall. The scalloped rear wall shape helps prevent the tip of an inserted wire from engaging the rear wall and thus being dislodged from its IDC element when the cap  18  is opened and closed over multiple cycles. 
   In addition, wire holders  102 A,  102 B each include a slit or split  104 , that allows a wire received in the holding section to be transferred to and ultimately secured by the IDC element  30  (see e.g.  FIGS. 10-12 ). Also, the wire holders  102 A and  102 B have sufficient flexibility such that when the cap is placed back in an open position ( FIG. 12 ), the gripping force of the terminal&#39;s substantially U-shaped slots  93  is greater than the gripping force of the wire holders  102 A,  102 B—as described below, wire  63  will remain held by the substantially U-shaped slot  93  while the cap is translated to an open position, as the slit or split  104  will open to allow the wire  63  to remain in place in the IDC element. 
   For example, as shown in  FIG. 4C , in an alternative aspect, the wire holders  102 A,  102 B can each further include respective through-slots  104 A and  104 B cut into the cap body  101  and disposed substantially opposite to splits  104 . These additional through-slots  104 A and  104 B allow the wire holder legs, e.g., legs  102 B′ and  102 B″ to flex independently of each other. 
   In addition, each split side of the wire holder can further include a flared lower portion  106 , with surfaces flaring away from the split  104 . The flared lower portion provides for the cap  18  to return to a closed position in a more straightforward manner while a wire is secured in the substantially U-shaped slot  93  of the IDC element  30  without displacing or dislodging the wire from being secured by the IDC element  30  (and thus not affecting electrical connectivity). 
   As mentioned above, cap  18  also includes a latching mechanism  120 . In a preferred aspect, the latching mechanism  120  is a molded integral part of the cap  18 . As shown in the isometric views of  FIGS. 4A and 6 , the cap latching mechanism comprises an elastic post-like member  124  having a detent surface. In addition, protrusions or latching ears  122  can be formed on the detent surface thereof. As is shown in  FIGS. 8 ,  9  and  11 , the latching ears  122  are configured to engage a boss, such as T-shaped post  27 , formed in the base  21  to maintain the cap  18  in a closed position. Boss or T-shaped post  27  may be rigid or flexible. Post  27  may also have a different shape than a T-shape, where the particular shape can be configured to engage the latching mechanism and maintain the cap in a closed position unless specifically acted upon by the technician. 
   In one aspect, post  27  comprises an elastic cantilever beam structure that includes protrusions  27 A and  27 B to engage corresponding latching ears  122  to prevent the cap from accidentally opening. In one aspect, the outer edges of protrusions  27 A and  27 B can be chamfered. In a preferred aspect, cap latch post  124  has sufficient flexibility to be displaced or flexed in either direction along axis  126  shown in  FIGS. 5 and 7 . Movement forward and aft can be very minor (e.g., about 0.01 to 0.02 inches) and still provide sufficient displacement. For example, when the cap  18  is lowered into a closed position, latch post  124  can be moved inward to permit T-shaped post  27  to pass over the post  124 . In a preferred aspect, an audible “snap” sound can be achieved as the latching ears  122  engage the T-shaped post  27 . De-latching can be accomplished simply by applying a modest inward thumb or finger force to tab  123 . For example, by pressing tab  123  inward, the latching ears can be released from the T-shaped post  27  and the cap  18  can be moved upward towards the open position. 
   Latching mechanism  120  further includes integral travel limits, such as stop projections  128  formed on a top surface of cap  18 , which can limit the displacement of the latching post  124  in an outward direction. Displacement of the latching mechanism inward (toward the back wall  114 ) is provided by opening  127  formed in the top surface of cap  18 , where the opening  127  is bounded in part by a cap rear wall  129 . Thus, latching mechanism  120  has limited back-and-forth travel, reducing the likelihood of an accidental break during opening or closing. Opening  127  can also be configured to prevent excessive side-to-side motion. 
   In another alternative aspect, the cap  18  can include a generally flat surface pressure point provided as far from the rear pivot  19  as is practically possible in order to gain a greater mechanical leverage to overcome the force required to insert the wires in the IDC elements. In another further alternative, the top portion of the latch (e.g., tab  123 ) can be positioned at a height slightly lower than the remaining upper surface of the cap to reduce excessive pressure being applied to the latching mechanism  120  during the closing process. 
   As mentioned above, cap  18  can optionally include a test access area  140  and a visual inspection area  150 . In a preferred aspect, test access area  140  can include one or more openings, such as openings  141  and  142  that permit access to the IDC elements (see e.g.,  FIGS. 5 and 7 ). For example, openings  141  and  142  can be of sufficient size to permit access by a test probe(s) directly onto IDC elements while the cap is in a closed position. Other shapes for the openings  141  and  142  can be utilized. 
   Additionally, cap  18  can include a visual inspection area  150  to permit a user to visually inspect or verify the position of the installed wires. The visual inspection area  150  can comprise an opening or openings, such as openings  151  and  152 , or a substantially transparent material (e.g., a window or the like) located over the expected wire position to permit visual inspection. Alternatively, the visual inspection area can be provided on another side of the cap. The visual inspection area can allow a user to inspect wire conditions without having to open the cap. For example, a user can inspect the wires to see if, after installation, each wire has an end positioned proximate to the rear wall  114 ,  114 ′ of the cap. This visual inspection area helps increase the likelihood that a wire will be correctly inserted in the IDC element. 
   In operation, electrical connector assembly  16  can be disposed in a cross connect cabinet, vault, hand-hole, or closure, such as in an outside plant portion of a telecommunications network, which is often a densely packed environment (with blocks spaced about one inch or less apart), where it can be physically difficult to insert wires. With the cap  18  of the exemplary embodiments described above, wires can be installed in a straightforward manner by using the cap  18  at a convenient angle, then closing the cap with a modest finger/thumb force. In addition, this connection scheme can be accomplished without requiring a special tool. For example, as illustrated with regards to  FIGS. 10-12 , a set of wires can be installed and connected in the following manner. Please note that multiple rows of other blocks are omitted from view for simplicity. 
   As shown in the cut out view of  FIG. 10 , a cap can be placed in an open position to expose the wire holders  102 . The wire(s) (typically a twisted pair) can be inserted into the openings of the respective holders until the ends of the wires are brought in close proximity to, or preferably contact, the rear wall portion  114  (or  114 ′) of the cap  18 . The cap  18  can be rotated into a closed portion (see  FIG. 11 ) by applying a finger/thumb pressure on the top surface of the cap. The closing force can be applied until the latching mechanism  120  engages the T-shaped post  27  of the body  21  (e.g., an audible snap or click sound can occur). After closing the cap  18 , as shown in  FIG. 11 , the wires  63  are secured in the IDC elements  30  (in this example, wires  63  are engage by the upper portion  91  of element  30 , whereas corresponding wires to be connected would be secured in the lower portion  92  of IDC elements  30 ). The installer can then check wire positioning by viewing the IDC element compartment through the visual inspection area of the cap  18 . Alternatively, as shown in  FIG. 12 , the cap  18  can be returned to an open position as wires  63  remain secured by and in contact with IDC elements  30 . For example, tab  123  can be depressed inward to release the cap from engaging the T-shaped post  27 . A modest upward force can be applied to cap  18  to place it in the open position without disengaging the wires from the IDC elements. In a further aspect, cap  18 , after returning to the open position, can receive an additional set of wires to connect with the wires  63  already inserted in the corresponding IDC elements. 
   As is apparent from the above description, installation and connection of the twisted pair wires can be accomplished without the need for a special tool or specialized craft skill. In addition, wire replacement can be accomplished without damage to the cap. 
   In an alternative embodiment, the terminal block that has connected the first set of wires  23  and the second set of wires  63  can be further electrically connected to additional sets of wires. For example, as shown in  FIG. 13 , an additional element, such as a jumper element  40 , can be used to connect wire pairs  23  and  63  to an additional wire pair or additional wire pairs. The jumper  40  can further include a cap  18 ′ constructed in a manner similar to that described above. The body of jumper  40  can include splicing contacts (not shown) that connect the jumper element to the IDC element  30 . 
   In a further alternative, as is shown in  FIG. 14 , a cap  18 ″ can be disposed on a protection module  42 , which can be disposed on some or all of the terminal blocks to prevent or reduce the damage to the wires and other relevant elements caused by sudden increase of voltage or current in the wire (e.g., overvoltage and/or overcurrent protection), such as caused by lightning strikes. Protection module  42  is preferably formed from an insulative material, such as those insulative materials described above, and can include further a grounding contact. Also, the protection module can include a voltage-limiting element such as a DIAC or a bi-directional trigger diode, which is insulative in the normal state, and turns into the short circuit state when the voltage exceeds a predetermined value. The construction of the jumper module  40  and the protection module  42  can be similar to that described in pending PCT Publication No. WO 2007/102983, incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
   Both jumper  40  and protection module  42  can include latching mechanisms such as those described above for coupling the elements to the block body  21  as would be apparent to one of skill in the art given the present description. 
   As mentioned above, the cross connect block can include a base and a plurality of covers or caps arranged on upper and lower sides of the base  21 . For example,  FIG. 15  shows another cross connect block  16 ′ that includes a first set of caps  18  arranged on an upper, or “jumper,” side  21 A of the base  21  and a second set of caps, including multi-pair caps  418 A and  418 B disposed on the lower, or “cable,” side  21 B of base  21 . Caps  418 A and  418 B are multi-pair caps, meaning that each multi-pair cap can cover a plurality of terminal compartments. As shown in  FIG. 15 , multi-pair cap  418 A is shown in an open position and multi-pair cap  418 B is shown in a closed position. Multi-pair caps  418 A and  418 B can include a plurality of individual caps integrally formed together, all similar in construction to caps  18  described above, or the caps can have an alternative design. 
   For example,  FIGS. 16A and 16B  show an alternative cap  418 A having a gel displacement feature. In more detail, exemplary cap  418 A is shown in top view in  FIG. 16A . In this aspect, multi-pair cap  418 A is configured to cover five different terminal compartments. Alternatively, cap  418 A could be designed to cover fewer or a greater number of terminal compartments. Cap  418 A includes a general body portion  401  and a latching mechanism  420 . Main body portion  401  can be formed from the materials described above with respect to cap  18 , and can be substantially transparent or opaque. In this alternative aspect, latching mechanism  420  operates to release the front of cap  418 A from the block  21  by depressing dual tabs. Cap  418 A can be coupled, e.g., pivotally mounted, to base  21  via a set of trunnions or pivots  419  engaging a corresponding set of trunnion mounts or pivot mounts formed on base  21 . 
   In addition, as is shown in further detail in  FIG. 16B , a bottom portion of cap  418  can include a plurality of ramped wire guides  415 . As mentioned above, each terminal compartment can be filled with a sealant, such as a conventional gel (examples are listed above), to help prevent moisture from entering the terminal compartment and corroding the terminal. In this aspect, the ramped wire guides  415  are shaped with a pushing slope to force gel movement during cap closure toward the IDC element housed in the compartment. This gel displacement helps better ensure that an adequate amount of gel contacts the wire-IDC connection point. 
   In one aspect, wires can be inserted on the cable side  21 B of the base using a specific wire insertion tool. As shown in  FIG. 16B , protrusions  407  can also be provided on the underside of cap  418  to help maintain the placement of the inserted wires in the openings of the IDC elements and to help prevent complete dislodgement of those wires. In addition, the cap  418  can also include guide cavities  409  formed in the ramped wire guides  415  which can receive the wires and help maintain the transverse positions of the wires as they are inserted/connected in the terminal compartment. 
   As mentioned above, the connector assembly of the present invention can be modified to connect a single wire or single wire sets as well using a single wire cap or set of single wire caps. For example,  FIG. 17  shows an alternative cap  218  configured to receive and hold a single wire. Cap  218  includes a general body portion  201 , a wire retention portion  202  and a latching mechanism  220 . Optionally, cap  218  can further include a test access area and a visual inspection area (not shown). Main body portion  201 , which can be formed from an insulative material, has a generally rectangular shape to cover the IDC terminal compartment of base  221 , which can be part of a cross connect block or can be a separate structure connectable to a printed circuit board or other electrical or telecommunications device. The terminal compartment can also be filled with a sealant, such as a conventional gel, to help prevent moisture from entering the terminal compartment and corroding the terminal. The cap  218  may be constructed of an engineering plastic such as those described above. In one aspect, the material used to form cap  218  can be substantially transparent. In another aspect, material used to form cap  218  can be opaque. 
   While base  221  shown in  FIG. 17  only shows one IDC compartment and one cap, as would be apparent to one of skill in the art given the present description, base  221  could include multiple IDC element compartments and multiple corresponding caps without departing from the scope of the invention. 
   Cap  218  includes a wire retention portion  202 , in this embodiment, a single wire holder. The wire holder  202  has a generally cylindrical or tubular shape, with an opening  203  having a size configured to receive and support a conventional wire, such as those described above. As shown, the wire holder is preferably positioned below the top surface of the cap and is aligned with the IDC element  30  disposed in the base  221 . 
   In one operation, a wire can be inserted through opening  203  until the end of the wire reaches a back-wall portion of cap  218  (not shown). The cap  218  can also include an opening or transverse gap (not shown) that is configured to receive the IDC element  30  as the cap is being closed, such that when the cap is moved to a closed position on the base  221 , the transverse gap is in a corresponding position to the IDC element  30 . The width of the transverse gap of the cap is slightly greater than the thickness of the IDC element  30 . Thus, similar to that described above, the cap  218  can be opened and closed repeatedly without directly contacting the IDC element  30 . 
   In addition, wire holder  202  can include a slit or split  204 , that allows a wire received in the holding section to be transferred to and ultimately secured by the IDC element  30 . Also, the wire holder  202  can have sufficient flexibility such that when the cap is placed back in an open position (as is shown in  FIG. 17 ), the gripping force of the substantially U-shaped slots of the IDC element is greater than the gripping force of the wire holders  202 . Thus, when the cap  218  is translated from a closed position to an open position, the slit or split  204  will open to allow the connected wire to remain in place in the IDC element. 
   In addition, each split side of the wire holder can further include a flared lower portion  206 , with surfaces flaring away from the split  104 . The flared lower portion provides for the cap  218  to return to a closed position in a more straightforward manner while a wire is secured in the IDC element  30  without displacing or dislodging the wire from being secured by the IDC element  30  (and thus not affecting electrical connectivity). 
   Cap  218  also includes a latching mechanism  220 . In this alternative aspect, the latching mechanism  220  comprises a pair of elastic post-like members  224 A and  224 B having protrusions that are configured to detachably engage the base  221  when the cap is placed in a closed position. The cap can be maintained in a closed position unless the latching mechanism is specifically acted upon by the technician. 
   In another alternative aspect, the base structure holding the IDC element can be a separate structure connectable to a printed circuit board (PCB) or other electrical or telecommunications device. In this manner, the exemplary caps described herein can be utilized for the direct connection of wires to a PCB or other device. 
   For example,  FIG. 18A  shows an exemplary connector assembly  300  mounted on a PCB  350 . The connector assembly  300  includes a base  321  that houses one or more IDC connectors  30  that are used to couple an incoming wire to the PCB. The IDC element compartment is covered by a cap  18 A (in a closed position) or cap  18 B (in an open position). The terminal compartment can also be filled with a sealant, such as a conventional gel, to help prevent moisture from entering the terminal compartment and corroding the terminal. Caps  18 A and  18 B can be constructed in the same manner as described above with respect to cap  18 . As shown in  FIG. 18B , the ID elements can each further include a post-like conductor  50  that extends from a bottom portion of base  321 . These posts  50  can be directly connected to the PCB  350  or to corresponding receptacles of another electrical or telecommunications device. 
   As electrical conductors are typically coupled to the connector assemblies in the field, it is advantageous to simplify the installation/connection process. For example, the conditions of use and installation may be harsh, such as outdoors (i.e., unpredictable weather conditions), underground cabinets (i.e., tight working quarters), and non-highly skilled labor. According to the exemplary embodiments described herein, the multi-purpose cap can be utilized on the IDC block to reduce complications. 
   Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of the invention.