Abstract:
The invention relates to a system and a method for creating maintenance plans for machines and/or installations simply, dynamically and at low cost, in particular an automation system from production automation and/or process automation. The said machines and/or installations comprise one or more components, wherein the components contain maintenance information, and wherein the system has a device for generating a maintenance plan by combining the maintenance information of the components.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application claims priority to the European Application No. 05003081.6, filed Feb. 14, 2005 which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.  
       FIELD OF INVENTION  
       [0002]     The invention relates to a system and a method for creating maintenance plans for machines and/or installations.  
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION  
       [0003]     In the servicing and maintenance of plant or machinery in the industrial sector, maintenance is nowadays often carried out as a form of prevention. The time-based approach is usually applied here, in which maintenance activities relevant to the individual components making up the installation or the machine are performed periodically on the basis of a customized time scale.  
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION  
       [0004]     A more advanced version of servicing or maintaining installations and machines is “performance-based” implementation of the preventive maintenance. In this case, instead of a fixed time scale being used for defining the maintenance cycle, the maintenance cycle is specified on the basis of a specific item of performance executed by the installation or the machine or the respective components. For example, a maintenance action on an actuator drive is performed after a specified adjustment path has been performed.  
         [0005]     The maintenance process includes combining into “maintenance plans” the maintenance activities to be carried out for the components of an installation or a machine. Maintenance plans also comprise, in addition to the prescribed maintenance cycles or performance criteria, the documentation for carrying out the maintenance actions, maintenance personnel requirements, necessary tools, spare parts and any other additional resources that may be required. Nowadays, maintenance plans are created by the installation designer, who must take into account the characteristics of all the components used and supplied by component manufacturers, and plan appropriate maintenance actions.  
         [0006]     To create the maintenance plans, today&#39;s installation designer gathers the maintenance information provided by the component manufacturers for the components, which is normally contained in the component documentation. The installation designer puts this maintenance information together manually into maintenance plans, for example on the basis of the design of the installation. To create the maintenance plans, the maintenance information of the components must be analyzed and combined in such a way that its content is standardized and consistent throughout the installation. If a new installation is built and new components are used in it, the maintenance plans for the installation must be modified accordingly. This generates a large amount of work, especially for custom machinery builders and installation designers. The maintenance plans must likewise be replaced or modified after components are replaced at the end customer&#39;s premises.  
         [0007]     Today, maintenance plans must accordingly be created manually and with the aid of documentation for the individual components of the installation or the machine. In addition, maintenance plans must be re-created for each new installation, resulting in high costs.  
         [0008]     An the object of the present invention is to describe a system and a method that c an be used to enable maintenance plans to be created simply, dynamically and at low cost.  
         [0009]     The object is achieved by a system for creating maintenance plans for machines and/or installations, in particular an automation system from production automation and/or process automation, wherein the machines and/or installations comprise one or more components, wherein the components contain maintenance information, and wherein the system has a device for generating a maintenance plan by combining the maintenance information of the components.  
         [0010]     The object is also achieved by a method for creating maintenance plans for machines and/or installations, in particular an automation system from production automation and/or process automation, in which the machines and/or installations comprise one or more components, in which the components contain maintenance information, and in which a maintenance plan is generated by combining the maintenance information of the components.  
         [0011]     The invention is based on the realization that maintenance plans can be created far more simply if the requirements and information for carrying out the maintenance, which are necessary for the maintenance plans, are no longer contained in a set of documentation, but are part of intelligent components that make up the installations or machines. This maintenance information may be, for example, maintenance intervals (time-based or performance-based), the type of actions to be carried out or the instructions for carrying out the actions. Personnel requirements and necessary tools can likewise be stored as information directly at the components. Spare parts lists, workflows for step-by-step guidance of the service engineer and device documentation can also be provided directly by the components. This maintenance information can be created in any description language such as, for example, XML or even in ASCII format. Other description languages are also possible, although they are not listed here individually.  
         [0012]     The advantage of information for performing the maintenance being part of intelligent components lies in the fact that the appropriate maintenance information is available more quickly when needed. This means that traceable and transparent maintenance plans can be created. It enables maintenance plans to be optimized simply on the basis of the maintenance requirements of the individual components. Likewise, maintenance plans can be adapted easily to the new circumstances after conversions or additions to installations or machines. The plans are available in a structured and electronic form, and can be re-used in higher-level maintenance systems such as enterprise asset management systems. This creates opportunities to make comparisons even between installations. A performance-based or status-based maintenance is supported by the provision of the maintenance information by the components themselves.  
         [0013]     This results in potential savings to industry in the creation of maintenance plans, especially in the design of installations. In addition, the maintenance plans are no longer created by individual members of staff from the accompanying documentation itself; instead they are created in a traceable and objective way, since the information required for the maintenance is brought along directly by the components or is assigned to the components. In addition, this produces a simple opportunity to compare the maintenance costs of the individual components. By storing electronically and using the information provided by the components, it is also possible for this information to flow back to the installation designer or into development.  
         [0014]     The maintenance information of the components can here be held either directly in the memory of the physical components or in software supplied with the component.  
         [0015]     In addition to the maintenance information for itself, an automation component can also contain the maintenance information for mechanical components to which it is connected. For example, a frequency inverter can contain the maintenance information for itself and for the motor that it drives.  
         [0016]     The maintenance information can grow as larger components are developed. For example, a pump manufacturer may use a frequency inverter that contains the maintenance information for itself. The pump manufacturer adds the maintenance information for motor and working machine. The complete pump is then used by the installation designer in an installation. The complete pump as a component then contains the maintenance information compiled at various times during its development.  
         [0017]     The maintenance information is provided by the components, e.g. via web server/HTML pages contained in the components, via TCP/IP, Profinet or via other transmission paths.  
         [0018]     The maintenance information of the individual components can be combined into a maintenance plan via a maintenance tool, i.e. a device for generating a maintenance plan. To do this, the device for generating a maintenance plan or, as the case may be, the maintenance tool uses the hierarchical information contained in a project planning and control system (technology hierarchies, component hierarchy), for example, in order to combine the maintenance information on the basis of the design of the machine or the installation. Alternatively, the maintenance tool can also use the information contained in layouts or circuit diagrams in order to create the maintenance plan from the maintenance information of the components. The maintenance tool determines the optimum maintenance cycles from the information of the components and the data from the project planning and control system, combining as many individual tasks as possible into task blocks.  
         [0019]     The maintenance tool also creates training programs and tool lists from the maintenance personnel and tooling requirements contained in the components. Both the various component types and the quantities of the integrated components are taken account of to do this. The requirements are combined and optimized by the ma intenance tool.  
         [0020]     The user can use the maintenance tool to modify maintenance information for components to suit his requirements. If required, the maintenance tool can apply to all identical components present in the installation the changes that were made, and can also log the changes. The maintenance tool manages the maintenance plans uniquely and in a traceable way.  
         [0021]     Using the system according to the invention or using the method, new opportunities relating to providing information for maintenance tasks can be implemented. For example, maintenance information can be provided via the web. The final link in the complete engineering chain, namely the necessary maintenance information, is provided by the facility for maintenance information to be added at various points in time to the individual components that are later combined into larger, complex installation parts, and for this information to be combined subsequently.  
         [0022]     The facility to carry out component-based maintenance using the system and method helps to achieve as finely-tuned an implementation as possible of the necessary maintenance actions, thereby achieving a reduction in lifecycle costs. The fact that automation components are becoming increasingly intelligent with greater communications capability supports the procedure of the components themselves providing the maintenance information. Using the Ethernet at the field level also provides a powerful communications medium. It is particularly advantageous that the maintenance information can also be provided online by the components. This allows, for example, an installation designer not present on-site to update in his documents the maintenance information on certain components. This information can then be assigned via the web to the components forming part of an installation. This updated information can then be integrated in a maintenance plan using the maintenance tool, i.e. a maintenance plan can be kept permanently up-to-date on the basis of this information.  
         [0023]     Dynamic adaptation of the necessary maintenance actions is made possible by the system. By this means it is also possible to use information from the project planning and control system to create maintenance plans. The system enables an update of relevant information by feedback from the installation to the remotely located installation designer or even to the project planner.  
         [0024]     To summarize, the maintenance tool enables an automated creation and optimization of installation maintenance plans, where maintenance intervals, the type of actions to be performed, instructions on carrying out the actions, personnel and tooling requirements and the necessary work steps for carrying out the maintenance task are taken into account. Owing to the fact that the components bring along their maintenance information directly and provide the maintenance tool with this information, an update of maintenance plans after replacing a component or adding a component to the installation is possible at the press a button.  
         [0025]     All installation components used in the automation field are possible as components that bring along or provide their maintenance information. The components may, for example, be field devices such as actuators and sensors, or else drives, pumps or complex machines. Likewise, individual parts or more complex combinations of transport or distribution systems are to be viewed as components in the context of the system according to the invention.  
         [0026]     Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0027]     The invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures, in which  
         [0028]      FIG. 1  shows a schematic diagram of the system for creating maintenance plans having storage of the maintenance information in the components,  
         [0029]      FIG. 2  shows a schematic diagram of the system for creating maintenance plans having maintenance information of the components in external data records,  
         [0030]      FIG. 3  shows a schematic diagram of the system, in which maintenance information of the component types is provided by internet. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION  
       [0031]      FIG. 1  shows the system for creating maintenance plans for machines or installations, where the system comprises a plurality of components  1 . The components  1  contain maintenance information I, which is available in structured form and belongs to the respective component. The maintenance information I is combined via a device  2  for generating a maintenance plan  2 P. In this process, the maintenance information I of the individual components  1  is combined by the device  2  for generating a maintenance plan  2 P. Components  1  can also contain, in addition to their own maintenance information I, maintenance information I* for each of their sub-components  1 *, where the components  1  constitute the representatives in the system for the other sub-components  1 *.  
         [0032]     The maintenance information I is passed via a controller  6 , which has a server  6 S, to the maintenance tool, or specifically the device  2  for generating a maintenance plan. The maintenance information I is combined by the device  2  for generating a maintenance plan  2 P on the basis of the hierarchical information HI, i.e. the installation structure mapped by the component structure. The hierarchical information HI can be provided by a project planning device  5 , for example, which may be an engineering system for instance.  
         [0033]     In the exemplary embodiment shown, the maintenance information I is contained in the memory  3  of the components  1 . It can be provided online via the controller  6 . This can also be done via the web for instance. Alternatively, the main tenance information I can also be read from the project planning device  5 , i.e. the engineering system, and made available. The project planning information such as component hierarchy is provided by the engineering system. The maintenance tool  2  combines the maintenance information I of the components  1  and the engineering information to generate a maintenance plan  2 P.  
         [0034]      FIG. 2  shows a system for generating maintenance plans in which the maintenance information I is contained in the software tools be longing to the components  1  in structured form. For example, these software tools or packages  4   x ,  4   y ,  4   z  assigned to the components  1   x ,  1   y ,  1   z  are saved in a database  7  in the engineering system, or specifically in the project planning device  5 . The hierarchical structure, on the basis of which the maintenance information I of the individual installation components  1   x ,  1   y ,  1   z  is combined by the maintenance tool, or specifically the device  2  for generating a maintenance plan  2 P, is saved in the engineering system, or specifically in the project planning device  5 , for example. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the maintenance tool or specifically the device  2  for generating the maintenance plan  2 P is provided with the maintenance information I together with the engineering data mapping the component hierarchy. Here, the maintenance information I can be provided as dedicated software components x 4 ,  4   y ,  4   z  or as part of the component specifications within the engineering system. A local database  7  is provided in the engineering system for storing the software  4  assigned to the components  1 .  
         [0035]      FIG. 3  shows another exemplary embodiment in which the software x 4 ,  4   y ,  4   z  assigned to the components  1  and containing the structured maintenance information of the component types  1   x ,  1   y ,  1   z , is provided via an internet  8  to the maintenance tool or specifically the device  2  for generating a maintenance plan  2 P. In this case, the maintenance information I from the manufacturer of the components  1  can be administered, for example, and then provided by internet for use in the device  2  for generating a maintenance plan. The device  2  for generating a maintenance plan  2 P receives the hierarchical structure HI of the installation or the machine via the project planning device  5 , for example from the engineering system. The maintenance tool  2  determines the component types  1   x ,  1   y ,  1   z  from the information such as manufacturer, component type and order number stored in the engineering system or specifically the project planning device  5 . The maintenance tool  2  makes contact with the homepages of the relevant component suppliers, for example, and searches for the maintenance information I associated with the components  1   x ,  1   y ,  1   z , which is provided in the form of assigned software  4   x ,  4   y ,  4   z . Then the maintenance information I is downloaded by the device  2  for generating a maintenance plan  2 P, i.e. by the maintenance tool. It is then available for creating the maintenance plan  2 P.