Abstract:
A multi-functional optoelectronic apparatus which comprises an integrated circuit (IC) wafer, respective optoelectronic components which has one or more Input port(s) to receive external command signals to drive the optoelectronic apparatus. Examples of some of the optoelectronic apparatus include an IOLED (Input/Output Light Emitting Diode including visible light and invisible light), IOPD (Input/Output Photo Diode), IOPT (Input/Output Photo Transistor), IOLS (Input/Output Light Sensor), IORS (Input/Output Reflective Sensor), IOPI (Input/Output Photo Interrupter) and IORM (Input/Output Receiver Module). The multi-functional optoelectronic apparatus may drive external peripheral(s) such as speakers, motors or other devices. This invention eliminates the need for Printed Circuit Boards for holding the IC and remove the need for unnecessary encapsulation materials, and may be structured as Pin Packaging having three or more supporting legs and/or SMD (Surface Mount Device) Packaging having no supporting leg but having three or more connecting pads. The invention also employs double bonding agents for affixing and operatively coupling the IC wafer.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present disclosure relates generally to light emitting diodes (LED&#39;s) and, more particularly, to multifunctional LED and other optoelectronic devices with input and output functions. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Light-emitting diodes (LED) may have a basic structure comprising a few components such as a light-emitting wafer which can emit visible light (such as Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, and Violet, i.e., the full spectrum of visible light and its combination and/or emit invisible light such as infrared or ultraviolet), and comprise some sort of structural housing, bonding agent (such as glue), and conductive coupling wires (such as gold, aluminum, copper, silver, or other alloy). Bonding agents may be used as a silver epoxy or silicone epoxy, and one or more light-emitting wafer may be bonded together and coupled via conductive wires. The epoxies may form a head of some sort of resin, and may take on different encapsulation shapes, which generate different illumination appearances and different spotlighting effects. 
         [0003]      FIG. 1  illustrates a simple LED structure  50  known in the prior art. The LED structure  50  shows a basic structure of an LED comprising a light-emitting wafer  1 , a lead frame  2 , bonding agent  3  and a coupling wire  4 . The lead frame  2  is coated with the bonding agent  3 . One or more wafers  1  are affixed via the bonding agent  3 , and the coupling wire  4  is connected to the lead frame  2  to provide an electrical current flow. An epoxy resin  5 , or other insulation glue, is used for encapsulating the lead frame  2  within the circuit. 
       Photo Diodes 
       [0004]    Photo Diodes (PD) may have a basic structure comprising a few components such as a photo diode wafer, which can receive visible light (such as Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, and Violet, i.e., the full spectrum of visible light and its combination and/or receive invisible light such as infrared or ultraviolet), and convert the light power to electric current, some sort of structural housing, bonding agent (such as glue), and conductive coupling wires (such as gold, aluminum, copper, silver, or other alloy). Bonding agents may be used as a silver epoxy or silicone epoxy, and one or more photo diode wafer may be bonded together and coupled via conductive wires. The epoxies may form a head of some sort of resin, and may take on different encapsulation shapes, which generate different light-receiving effects. The PD structure is similar to LED as illustrated in  FIG. 1  and the light-emitting wafer  1  is replaced by photo diode wafer  1 . 
       Photo Transistors 
       [0005]    Photo Transistors (PT) may have a basic structure comprising a few components such as a photo transistor wafer which can receive visible light (such as Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, and Violet, i.e., the full spectrum of visible light and its combination and/or receive invisible light such as infrared or ultraviolet), and convert the light power to electric current and amplify it, some sort of structural housing, bonding agent (such as glue), and conductive coupling wires (such as gold, aluminum, copper, silver, or other alloy). Bonding agents may be used as a silver epoxy or silicone epoxy, and one or more photo transistor wafer may be bonded together and coupled via conductive wires. The epoxies may form a head of some sort of resin, and may take on different encapsulation shapes, which generate different light-receiving effects. The PT structure is similar to LED as illustrated in  FIG. 1  and the light-emitting wafer  1  is replaced by photo transistor wafer  1 . 
       Light Sensors 
       [0006]    Light Sensor (LS) may have a basic structure comprising a few components such as a light sensor wafer which can receive visible light (such as Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, and Violet, i.e., the full spectrum of visible light and its combination and/or receive invisible light such as infrared or ultraviolet), and convert the light power to electric current and amplify it and convert it to digital output and/or linear analog output, some sort of structural housing, bonding agent (such as glue), and conductive coupling wires (such as gold, aluminum, copper, silver, or other alloy). Bonding agents may be used as a silver epoxy or silicone epoxy, and one or more light sensor wafer may be bonded together and coupled via conductive wires. The epoxies may form a head of some sort of resin, and may take on different encapsulation shapes, which generate different light-receiving effects. The LS structure is similar to LED as illustrated in  FIG. 1  and the light-emitting wafer  1  is replaced by light sensor wafer  1 . 
       Reflective Sensors 
       [0007]    Reflective Sensors (RS) may have a basic structure comprising a few components such as a pair of light-emitting diode wafer which can emit visible light (such as Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, and Violet, i.e., the full spectrum of visible light and its combination and/or receive invisible light such as infrared or ultraviolet), and a photo diode wafer or a photo transistor wafer or a light sensor wafer which can receive visible light (such as Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, and Violet, i.e., the full spectrum of visible light and its combination and/or receive invisible light such as infrared or ultraviolet), some sort of structural housing, bonding agent (such as glue), and conductive coupling wires (such as gold, aluminum, copper, silver, or other alloy). Bonding agents may be used as a silver epoxy or silicone epoxy, and one or more light-emitting wafer, photo diode wafer, photo transistor wafer and/or light sensor wafer may be bonded together and coupled via conductive wires. The epoxies may form a head of some sort of resin, and may take on different encapsulation shapes, which generate different light-emitting and light-receiving effects. 
         [0008]      FIG. 2  illustrates a simple RS structure  60  known in the prior art. The RS structure  60  shows a basic structure of an RS comprising a pair of a light-emitting wafer  11  and a photo diode wafer or photo transistor wafer or light sensor wafer  12 , a lead frame  13 , bonding agents  14  and a coupling wires  15 . The lead frame  13  is coated with the bonding agents  14 . One or more wafer  11  and wafer  12  are affixed via the bonding agents  14 , and the coupling wires  15  are connected to the lead frame  13  to provide electrical current flow. An epoxy resin  16 , or other insulation glue, is used for encapsulating the lead frame  13  within the circuit. 
       Photo Interrupters 
       [0009]    Photo Interrupters (PI) may have a basic structure comprising a pair of Light-emitting Diodes, and a Photo Diode or Photo Transistor or Light Sensor, and a plastic housing to hold both components.  FIG. 3  illustrates a simple PI structure  70  known in the prior art. The PI structure  70  shows a basic structure of a PI comprising a light-emitting diode  21 , a Photo Diode or Photo Transistor or Light Sensor  22 , and a plastic housing  23 . 
       Receiver Modules 
       [0010]    Receiver Modules (RM) may have a basic structure comprising a photo diode wafer which can receive visible light (such as Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, and Violet, i.e., the full spectrum of visible light and its combination and/or receive invisible light such as infrared or ultraviolet), an amplifying demodulator wafer which can amplify and demodulate the light current signal from the said photo diode wafer and output demodulated signal, some sort of structural housing, bonding agent (such as glue), and conductive coupling wires (such as gold, aluminum, copper, silver, or other alloy). Bonding agents may be used as a silver epoxy or silicone epoxy, and one or more photo diode wafer and amplifying demodulator wafer may be bonded together and coupled via conductive wires. The epoxies may form a package of some sort of resin, and may take on different encapsulation shapes, which generate different light-receiving effects.  FIG. 4  illustrates a simple RM structure  80  known in the prior art. The RM structure  80  shows a basic structure of an RM comprising a photo diode wafer  31 , an amplifying demodulator wafer  32 , a lead frame  33 , bonding agents  34  and a coupling wires  35 . The lead frame  33  is coated with the bonding agents  34 . One or more wafer  31  and wafer  32  are affixed via the bonding agents  34 , and the coupling wires  35  are connected to the lead frame  33  to provide electrical current flow. An epoxy resin  36 , or other insulation glue, is used for encapsulating the lead frame  33  within the circuit. 
       Optoelectronic Devices 
       [0011]    All the above-mentioned LED (Light-Emitting Diode), PD (Photo Diode), PT (Photo Transistor), LS (Light Sensor), RS (Reflective Sensor), PI (Photo Interrupter) and RM (Receiver Module) can be generally categorized as Optoelectronic Devices. 
       Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuits 
       [0012]    Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuits (IC) can receive signals, which can be trigger, on/off, or encoded signals, from Switches, PD&#39;s (Photo Diode), PT&#39;s (Photo Transistor), LS&#39;s (Light Sensor), RS&#39;s (Reflective Sensor), PI&#39;s (Photo Interrupter) or RM&#39;s (Receiver Module) and output signals to drive LEDs (Light Emitting Diode), Speakers, Motors or other electronic components. 
         [0013]    There are several traditional structures for housing Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuit (IC) wafers. Chip On Board (COB) is one such structure and may have a basic configuration comprising a Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuit (IC) wafer, a printed circuit board (PCB), bonding agent (such as glue), and conductive coupling wires (such as gold, aluminum, copper, silver, or other alloy). Bonding agents may be used as a silver epoxy or silicone epoxy, and one or more IC wafer, be bonded together and coupled via conductive wires. The epoxies may form a package of some sort of resin. 
         [0014]      FIG. 5  illustrates a simple COB structure  90  known in the prior art. The COB structure  90  shows a basic structure of a COB comprising an IC wafer  41 , a printed circuit board (PCB)  42 , bonding agents  43  and coupling wires  44 . The PCB  42  is coated with the bonding agents  43 . One or more wafers  41  are affixed via the bonding agent  43 , and the coupling wires  44  are connected to the PCB  42  to provide electrical current flow. An epoxy resin  45 , or other insulation glue, is used for encapsulating the wafer  41  on the PCB  42 . 
         [0015]    Encapsulated Integrated Circuit (IC) on Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is another example of housing such structures and may have a basic configuration comprising a Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuit (IC) wafer, some sort of structural housing, bonding agent (such as glue), conductive coupling wires (such as gold, aluminum, copper, silver, or other alloy), a printed circuit board (PCB) and tin. Bonding agents may be used as a silver epoxy or silicone epoxy, and one or more IC wafer, may be bonded together and coupled via conductive wires. The epoxies may form a package of some sort of resin. The encapsulated IC may be soldered on the PCB by using tin. 
         [0016]      FIG. 6  illustrates a simple Encapsulated IC on PCB structure  100  known in the prior art. The Encapsulated IC on PCB structure  100  shows a basic structure of a Encapsulated IC on PCB comprising an IC wafer  51 , lead frame  52 , bonding agents  53  and coupling wires  54 , tin  55  and a printed circuit board (PCB)  56 . The lead frame  52  is coated with the bonding agents  53 . One or more IC wafers  51  are affixed via the bonding agent  53 , and the coupling wires  54  are connected to the lead frame  52  to provide electrical current flow. An epoxy resin  57 , or other insulation glue, is used for encapsulating the lead frame  52  within the circuit. Finally, the lead frame  52  is connected on the PCB  56  by soldering using tin  55 . 
         [0017]      FIG. 7  illustrates one example of a COB IC, LED and Speaker simple structure  110  known in the prior art. The COB IC  90  is connected with a switch  61 , speaker  62 , batteries  63  and LED  50 . The COB IC  90  receives a signal from the switch  61  and outputs a signal to drive the LED  50  in a programmed pattern and outputs a signal to drive the speaker  62  to play the programmed sound. 
         [0018]      FIG. 8  illustrates another example of a simple structure  120  known in the prior art. In this example, the COB IC  90  is connected with a Receiver Module (RM)  80 , a speaker  62  and batteries  63 . The COB IC  90  receives a signal from the RM  80  and output a signal to drive the speaker  62  to play the programmed sound. 
         [0019]    The above-mentioned conventional structures are lacking in that although the required function can be achieved, the manufacturing and materials costs of such a bulky configuration are high. 
         [0020]    Accordingly, there is a need to overcome such bulky configuration described above by a simplistic design that can be easily reproduced with readily obtainable materials, thus reducing manufacturing and materials costs. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0021]    The present invention addresses the above-described deficiencies and others. Specifically, this invention can overcome the above bulky configuration by bonding the Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuit (IC) into the Optoelectronic Devices including Light-Emitting Diode (LED), Photo Diode (PD), Photo Transistor (PT), Light Sensor (LS), Reflective Sensor (RS), Photo Interrupter (PI) and Receiver Module (RM) and the most important is that the invention is to connect, via conductive wires, the Input Port(s) of the IC to an extra pin(s) for Pin Package or an extra connecting pad(s) for Surface Mount Device (SMD) packaging in order to receive external input signal which can be trigger, on/off or encoded signal, and/or to connect the Input Port(s) of the IC directly to the PD, PT, LS, RS, PI or RM inside the package, and/or to connect, via conductive wires, the Output Port(s) of the IC to an extra pin(s) for Pin Package or an extra connecting pad(s) for Surface Mount Device (SMD) packaging in order to drive the other electronic components of external peripherals such as speakers or motors, etc, and/or to connect the Output Port(s) of the IC directly to the LED inside the package. As the Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuit (IC) is bonded inside the package of the Optoelectronic Device, the conventional encapsulation for the IC and the PCB to hold the IC can be eliminated such that it can save the manufacturing and materials costs a lot. 
         [0022]    In the description herein, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of components and/or methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that an embodiment of the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other apparatus, systems, assemblies, methods, components, materials, parts, and/or the like. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not specifically shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0023]    The novel features which are characteristic of the invention, as to organization and method of use, together with further objects and advantages thereof, will be better understood from the following disclosure considered in connection with the accompanying drawings in which one or more preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. 
         [0024]    As used herein, the term “comprises” refers to a part or parts of a whole, but does not exclude other parts. That is, the term “comprises” is open language that requires the presence of the recited element or structure or its equivalent, but does not exclude the presence of other elements or structures. The term “comprises” has the same meaning and is interchangeable with the terms “includes” and “has”. The term set has the meaning of one or more of said element. Furthermore, any use of the term “or” as used herein is generally intended to mean “and/or” unless otherwise indicated. Combinations of components or steps will also be considered as being noted, where terminology is foreseen as rendering the ability to separate or combine is unclear. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0025]    Embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings, in which: 
           [0026]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of a simple LED structure known in the prior art; 
           [0027]      FIG. 2  is a diagram of a simple Reflective Sensor structure known in the prior art; 
           [0028]      FIG. 3  is a diagram of a simple Photo Interrupter structure known in the prior art; 
           [0029]      FIG. 4  is a diagram of a simple Receiver Module (RM) structure known in the prior art; 
           [0030]      FIG. 5  is a diagram of a simple Chip On Board (COB) structure known in the prior art; 
           [0031]      FIG. 6  is a diagram of a simple Encapsulated IC on PCB structure known in the prior art; 
           [0032]      FIG. 7  is a diagram of a COB IC, LED and Speaker structure known in the prior art; 
           [0033]      FIG. 8  is a diagram of a COB IC, Receiver Module and Speaker structure known in the prior art; 
           [0034]      FIG. 9  is a diagram of an Input/Output LED structure in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; 
           [0035]      FIG. 10  is a diagram of a multiple use, compound LED structure incorporating the LED structure of  FIG. 9 , in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention; 
           [0036]      FIG. 11  is a diagram of a simplified Input/Output LED structure in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; 
           [0037]      FIG. 12  is a diagram of a multiple use, compound LED device incorporating the LED structure of  FIG. 11 , in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention; 
           [0038]      FIG. 13  is a diagram of an amplifying demodulating Input/Output Receiver Module (RM) structure in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; 
           [0039]      FIG. 14  is a diagram of a multiple use RM device, incorporating the RM structure of  FIG. 13 , in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention; 
           [0040]      FIG. 15  is a diagram of a modified multi-use Input/Output LED structure in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; 
           [0041]      FIG. 16  is a diagram of a multi-use LED device incorporating the LED structure of  FIG. 15 , in accordance with an embodiment of the current invention; and 
           [0042]      FIG. 17  is a diagram of a multi-use LED device incorporating double bonded elements, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0043]      FIG. 9  illustrates a simplified structure of an Input/Output LED  200  comprising an Integrated Circuit (IC) wafer  201 , LED wafer  202 , a lead frame  203 , bonding agents  204  and coupling wires  205 . The lead frame  203  is coated with the bonding agents  204 . The IC wafer  201  and LED wafer  202  are fixed via the bonding agents  204 , and the coupling wires  205  are connected to the lead frame  203  to provide an electrical current flow. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that more than one IC wafer  201 , and/or more than one LED wafers  202  may be incorporated. 
         [0044]    An epoxy resin  206 , or other insulating glue, is used for encapsulating the lead frame  203  within the circuit. One or more pins  2031  form a pin packaging, or connecting pad(s) for a Surface Mount Device (SMD) package, is used to electrically connect the input port of the IC wafer  201  for receiving input signals such as trigger, on/off, or encoded signals. Additional pins  2034  may be used to connect the output port of the IC wafer  201  to external components to drive external peripheral(s) such as speakers or motors, etc. Moreover, the IC wafer  201  is built inside the Input/Output LED  200  and the conventional individual encapsulation for the IC wafer and the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) to hold the IC are eliminated. 
         [0045]      FIG. 10  shows the compound configuration comprising an Input/Output LED  200  of  FIG. 9  operatively and electrically coupled to switch  207 , speaker  208  and batteries  209 . As the need for encapsulation of the IC wafer and the PCB to hold the IC wafer are eliminated, the manufacturing and materials costs are significantly reduced. Input/Output LED  200  can be further simplified if the function of driving external peripherals such as speaker is not necessary. 
         [0046]      FIG. 11  illustrates another embodiment of a LED structure  250  comprising an IC wafer  201 , LED wafer  202 , a lead frame  203 , bonding agents  204  and coupling wires  205 . The lead frame  203  is coated with the bonding agents  204 . An IC wafer  201  and a LED wafer  202  are fixed via the bonding agent  204 , and the coupling wires  205  are operatively connected to the lead frame  203  to provide an electrical current flow. Again, it is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that more than one IC wafer  201 , and/or more than one LED wafers  202  may be incorporated. 
         [0047]    An epoxy resin  206 , or other insulating glue, is used for encapsulating the lead frame  203  within the circuit. Unlike the above LED device  200 , this structure employs extra pin(s) for pin packaging, or connecting pad(s) for SMD packaging, which is used to connect the input port of the IC wafer  201  external to the packaging for transmitting input signals, such as trigger, on/off, or encoded signals The extra pin(s) for Pin Package, or connecting pad(s) for SMD Package connecting to the input port(s) of the IC wafer can be one or more than one. 
         [0048]      FIG. 12  shows the compound configuration comprising an Input/Output LED  250 , switch  207 , and batteries  209 . Herein the need for encapsulation of the IC wafer and the PCB to hold the IC are eliminated, thus the manufacturing and materials costs are significantly reduced. 
         [0049]      FIG. 13  illustrates another embodiment of a simplified structure of an Input/Output Receiver Module (RM)  300  comprising a Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuit (IC) wafer  301 , a photo diode wafer  302 , an amplifying demodulator wafer  303 , a lead frame  304 , bonding agents  305  and coupling wires  306 . The lead frame  304  is coated with bonding agents  305 . A photo diode wafer  302 , and an amplifying demodulator wafer  303  and a Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuit (IC) wafer  301  are affixed via the bonding agents  305 , and the coupling wires  306  are operatively coupled and electrically connected to the lead frame  304  to provide electrical current flow. One of ordinary skill in the art would understand that a plurality of photodiodes  302 , amplifying demodulator wafers  303 , and/or one or more Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuit (IC) wafers  301  may be incorporated herein. 
         [0050]    An epoxy resin  307 , or other insulation glue, is used for encapsulating the lead frame  304  within the circuit. This structure is used to connect the output port of the amplifying demodulator wafer  303  directly to the input port of the Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuit (IC) wafer  301 , and to connect the output port of the IC wafer  301  to the lead frame  304  in order to drive any external peripheral(s), such as speakers, or motors, etc. 
         [0051]      FIG. 14  illustrates a compound configuration comprising an Input/Output RM  300 , operatively coupled to batteries  308  and a speaker  309 . As the need for encapsulation of the IC wafer and the PCB to hold the IC are eliminated, the manufacturing and materials costs are again significantly reduced. 
         [0052]    The Input/Output LED  200  can be further modified if the driving mode of the Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuit (IC) is used for Dual Phase Output (DPO) or Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), such as being coupled to external peripherals, e.g., speakers for example.  FIG. 15  illustrates another such structure  280  which has two extra pin(s)  2034  and  2035  for pin packaging or connecting pad(s) for SMD packaging to connect the output ports of the IC wafer, the driving mode of which is DPO or PWM, externally to drive external peripheral(s), such as speakers. The extra pin(s) can be one, or a plurality thereof.  FIG. 16  illustrates a compound configuration comprising an Input/Output LED  280  as above, operatively coupled to a switch, batteries and a speaker. 
       Double Bonding Agents 
       [0053]    For some Single or Multi Functional Integrated Circuits (IC), the substrate of the ICs should be isolated, or connected to the ground, or negative terminal of power supply. Therefore, the lead frame under the substrate of the IC should be connected to ground or negative terminal of power supply or isolated too. However, for some circuit configurations, the lead frame under the substrate of the IC needs to be connected to Vcc (Voltage Channel Connection) or the positive terminal of the power supply such that insulating glue may be used as a bonding agent to isolate the IC from the lead frame. 
         [0054]    However, in some instances, the size of the IC is larger. If using insulating glue, during the bonding process, the IC cannot be firmly fixed on the lead frame, and as a result the IC&#39;s position may be deviated. If using conductive glue, although it can firmly fix the position of the IC, the lead frame should be connected to ground or negative terminal of power supply and hence some circuit configurations cannot be used. The instant invention addresses this problem as discussed further below. 
         [0055]    In consideration for the manufacturing process steps of double bonding, first, coat the insulation glue on the lead frame. Second, dry via high temperature (e.g., baking). Third, coat the conductive glue on the surface of the insulation glue. Finally, bond the IC on the surface of the conductive glue. The insulation glue can isolate the IC from the lead frame so the lead frame can be connected to Vcc or positive terminal of power supply and hence any kind of circuit configurations can be applied. And the conductive glue can firmly fix the position of the IC. 
         [0056]      FIG. 17  illustrates another embodiment including the double bonded structure as shown by the Input Output LED device  290 , which comprises an IC wafer  201 , LED wafer  202 , a lead frame  2031  to  2035 , insulation glue of bonding agents  2041 , conductive glue of bonding agents  2042  and  2043 , and coupling wires  205 . Part of the lead frame  2032 , such as an upper surface portion, is coated with the insulation glue of bonding agents  2041 . The insulation glue of bonding agents  2041  is baked at a high temperature for drying. Next, the surface of the insulation glue is coated with the conductive glue of bonding agents  2042  such as, for example silver epoxy. The upper portion of the lead frame  2032  is coated with the conductive glue of bonding agents  2043 . An IC wafer  201  is affixed via the conductive glue of bonding agents  2042 , using insulation glue of bonding agents  2041  on the lead frame  2032 , and a LED wafer  202  is affixed to the conductive glue of bonding agents  2043  on the lead frame  2032 , and the coupling wires  205  are electrically coupled to the lead frame  2031  to  2035  to provide an electrical current flow. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that a plurality of wafers may be employed, without departing from the scope of the invention. An epoxy resin  206 , or other insulation glue, is used for encapsulating the lead frame  2031  to  2035  within the circuit. 
         [0057]    This invention can apply to all kind of optoelectronic devices including LED&#39;s (Light Emitting Diode), PD&#39;s (Photo Diode), PT&#39;s (Photo Transistor), LS&#39;s (Light Sensor), RS&#39;s (Reflective Sensor), PI&#39;s (Photo Interrupter) and RM&#39;s (Receiver Module). The optoelectronic devices may be a conventional pin package having three or more supporting legs and/or SMD (Surface Mount Device) package having no supporting legs but having three or more connecting pads. 
         [0058]    It is to be appreciated that one or more of the elements depicted in the drawings/figures can also be implemented in a more separated or integrated manner, or even removed or rendered as inoperable in certain cases, as is useful in accordance with a particular application. It is also within the spirit and scope of the present invention to implement a program or code that can be stored in a machine-readable medium to permit a computer to perform or assist with any of the methods and procedures for manufacturing the apparatus described herein. 
         [0059]    Thus, while the present invention has been described herein with reference to particular embodiments thereof, a latitude of modification, various changes and substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosures, and it will be appreciated that in some instances some features of embodiments of the invention will be employed without a corresponding use of other features without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth. Therefore, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the essential scope and spirit of the present invention. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular terms used and/or to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include any and all embodiments and equivalents falling within the scope of the instant disclosure. 
         [0060]    For example, the LED wafer may be bonded by a single conductive wire, or multiple wires. A product may have one or several wafer, depending on the features needed. The set of lead frames may have two or more supporting legs, or none at all (surface mounted device). Moreover, a pigment, a diffusing agent or fluorescent phosphor powder may be added into the LED or the epoxy layer. The pigment makes the LED or the epoxy layer colorful; the diffusing agent allows the entirety of the LED or the epoxy layer to emit light; and the fluorescent phosphor powder is capable of changing the wavelength and therefore changing the color of the emitted light. The light-emitting intensity and the color of the emitted light is determined by the wafer, however the wafer does not make any color, it is the fluorescent phosphor powder that is added that can change and modify the color. Moreover, a color filtering pigment may be added into the PD, PT, LS, RS, PI or RM in order to filter the visible light or to filter the invisible light. 
         [0061]    The foregoing description of illustrated embodiments of the present invention, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed herein. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes only, various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the present invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize and appreciate. As indicated, these modifications may be made to the present invention in light of the foregoing description of illustrated embodiments of the present invention and are to be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention.