Abstract:
The thin film transistor (TFT) contains a gate electrode metallic layer above a substrate, a gate insulator layer covering the substrate and the gate electrode metallic layer, a first source electrode metallic layer and a first drain electrode metallic layer above the gate insulator layer and separated by a gap, an active layer above the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers filling the gap and forming a ditch in the active layer above the gap, and a second source electrode metallic layer and a second drain electrode metallic layer above the active layer at two lateral sides of the ditch, respectively. The second source/drain electrode metallic layer contacts the first source/drain electrode metallic layer. The TFT has lower parasitic capacitance and takes up less area. As such, when the TFT is applied to a LCD, the reduced space consumed by the TFT enhances pixel&#39;s aperture ratio.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The present invention relates to thin film transistors (TFTs), and in particular to a TFT, its manufacturing method, and a display device employing the TFTs. 
         [0003]    2. The Related Arts 
         [0004]    Flat panel displays are widely popular in recent years and liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are the mainstream of flat panel displays due to their high space efficiency, low power consumption, no radiation, and low electromagnetic interference. 
         [0005]    TFTs are commonly applied to LCDs as switch elements. An important indicator to the quality of TFTs as switch elements is the severity of erroneous write when charging/discharging TFTs, and this is related to the parasitic capacitance C gs  between gate and source electrodes. When a TFT is turned on or off, the gate voltage V gs  drops instantly from a high level V gon  to a low level V goff , the variation ΔV gs  of V gs  is coupled to the pixel electrode by the parasitic capacitance C gs , causing pixel voltage V p  to vary for an amount ΔV p . ΔV p  would be bigger as the parasitic capacitance C gs  is larger. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    To obviate the shortcoming of the prior art, the present invention provides a thin film transistor (TFT) that contains a substrate, a gate electrode metallic layer above the substrate, a gate insulator layer covering the substrate and the gate electrode metallic layer, a first source electrode metallic layer and a first drain electrode metallic layer, both above the gate insulator layer and separated by a gap, an active layer above the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers filling the gap and forming a ditch in the active layer above the gap, and a second source electrode metallic layer and a second drain electrode metallic layer, both above the active layer and at two lateral sides of the ditch, respectively. The second source electrode metallic layer contacts the first source electrode metallic layer, and the second drain electrode metallic layer contacts the first drain electrode metallic layer. 
         [0007]    In one embodiment, the gap reveals a portion of the gate insulator layer. A remaining portion of the gate insulator layer is completely covered by the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers. 
         [0008]    The active layer covers a portion of the first source electrode metallic layer and a portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer. The second source electrode metallic layer covers a remaining portion of the first source electrode metallic layer not covered by the active layer. The second drain electrode metallic layer covers a remaining portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer not covered by the active layer. 
         [0009]    When the TFT is connected with a pixel electrode, a passivation layer is configured above the second source and second drain electrode metallic layers. The passivation layer fills the ditch and covers the second source and second drain electrode metallic layers. A via is configured in the passivation layer revealing the second drain electrode metallic layer. The pixel electrode is above the passivation layer and contacts the second drain electrode metallic layer through the via. 
         [0010]    In another embodiment, the gap reveals a portion of the gate insulator layer. A remaining portion of the gate insulator layer is partially covered by the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers. 
         [0011]    The active layer covers a portion of the first source electrode metallic layer and a portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer. The second source electrode metallic layer covers a portion of the first source electrode metallic layer not covered by the active layer and a portion of the gate insulator layer not covered by the first source electrode metallic layer. The second drain electrode metallic layer covers a portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer not covered by the active layer and a portion of the gate insulator layer not covered by the first drain electrode metallic layer. 
         [0012]    When the TFT is connected with a pixel electrode, a passivation layer is configured above the second source and second drain electrode metallic layers. The passivation layer fills the ditch and covers the second source and second drain electrode metallic layers. A via is configured in the passivation layer revealing the second drain electrode metallic layer. The pixel electrode is above the passivation layer and contacts the second drain electrode metallic layer through the via. 
         [0013]    In yet another embodiment, the gap reveals a portion of the gate insulator layer. A remaining portion of the gate insulator layer is completely covered by the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers. The active layer covers a portion of the first source electrode metallic layer and a portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer. The second source electrode metallic layer covers a portion of the first source electrode metallic layer not covered by the active layer. The second drain electrode metallic layer covers a portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer not covered by the active layer. 
         [0014]    When the TFT is connected with a pixel electrode, a passivation layer is configured above the second source and second drain electrode metallic layers. The passivation layer fills the ditch and covers the second source electrode metallic layer and a remaining portion of the first source electrode metallic layer not covered by the second source electrode metallic layer. The passivation layer also covers the second drain electrode metallic layer and a remaining portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer not covered by the second drain electrode metallic layer. A via is configured in the passivation layer revealing the first drain electrode metallic layer. The pixel electrode is above the passivation layer and contacts the first drain electrode metallic layer through the via. 
         [0015]    Another objective of the present invention is to provide a TFT manufacturing method which contains the following steps. Firstly, a gate electrode metallic layer is formed above a substrate. Then, a gate insulator layer is formed covering the substrate and the gate electrode metallic layer. Then, a first source electrode metallic layer and a first drain electrode metallic layer are formed, both above the gate insulator layer and separated by a gap. Then, an active layer is formed above the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers where the active layer fills the gap and a ditch is formed in the active layer above the gap. Finally, a second source electrode metallic layer and a second drain electrode metallic layer are formed, both above the active layer and at two lateral sides of the ditch, respectively, where the second source electrode metallic layer contacts the first source electrode metallic layer, and the second drain electrode metallic layer contacts the first drain electrode metallic layer. 
         [0016]    Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device that contains the above TFTs, or TFTs manufactured by the above method. 
         [0017]    According to the present invention, source and drain metallic layers are formed both above and below the active layer, thereby effectively lowering the parasitic capacitance C gs  between the source and drain metallic layers, and reducing the area taken up by the TFT. As such, when the TFT is applied to a LCD device, the reduced space consumed by the TFT enhances pixel&#39;s aperture ratio. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]    To make the technical solution of the embodiments according to the present invention, a brief description of the drawings that are necessary for the illustration of the embodiments will be given as follows. Apparently, the drawings described below show only example embodiments of the present invention and for those having ordinary skills in the art, other drawings may be easily obtained from these drawings without paying any creative effort. In the drawings: 
           [0019]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram showing a thin film transistor (TFT) according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram showing a TFT according to a second embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram showing a TFT according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0022]    Please note that, in the accompanied drawings, layer thickness is exaggerated for clarity&#39;s sake, and same reference numbers are always applied to same elements. 
         [0023]    It should be understood that terms “first,” “second,” etc. are used to refer to elements only for naming purpose, and these elements are not limited by these terms. 
         [0024]    It should also be understood that, when a layer or an element is said to be or to be formed “above” another layer or a substrate, it can be directly on or directly formed on the latter, or some intermediate layer is present in between. 
       First Embodiment 
       [0025]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram showing a thin film transistor (TFT) according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0026]    As illustrated, a substrate  10  is provided. In the present embodiment, the substrate  10  is a transparent glass substrate. The present invention however is not limited as such. For example, the substrate  10  can also be a transparent resin substrate. 
         [0027]    Then, a gate electrode metallic layer  20  is formed above the substrate  10 . In the present embodiment, the gate electrode metallic layer  20  has a Mo/Al dual-layer structure. However, the present invention is not limited as such. For example, the gate electrode metallic layer  20  can also have a Ta single-layer structure, a Mo/Ta dual-layer structure, a Mo/W dual-layer structure, or an Al single-layer structure. 
         [0028]    Then, a gate insulator layer  30  is formed to cover the substrate  10  and the gate electrode metallic layer  20 . In the present embodiment, the gate insulator layer  30  is made of silicon nitride and/or silicon oxide but the present invention is not limited as such. 
         [0029]    Then, a first photoetching mask is applied to form separated first source electrode metallic layer  40   a  and first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b,  both above the gate insulator layer  30  where a portion of the gate insulator layer  30  is exposed from a gap between the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b,  and the rest of the gate insulator layer  30  is completely covered by the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b.  In the present embodiment, both the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b  have a Mo/Al/Mo three-layer structure, but the present invention is not limited as such. For example, the first source electrode metallic layers  40   a  and/or the first drain electrode metallic layers  40   b  can have a Ta single-layer structure, a Mo/Ta dual-layer structure, a Mo/W dual-layer structure, or an Al single-layer structure. 
         [0030]    Then, an active layer  50  is formed above the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b  where the active layer  50  fills the gap between the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b,  and covers a portion of the first source electrode metallic layer  40   a,  and a portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b.  Additionally, a ditch  510  is formed in the active layer  50  above the gap between the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b.  In the present embodiment, the active layer  50  is made of amorphous silicon but the present invention is not limited as such. 
         [0031]    Finally, the first photoetching mask is applied to form a second source electrode metallic layer  60   a  and a second drain electrode metallic layer  60   b  above the first source electrode metallic layer  40   a  and the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b,  respectively, where the second source electrode metallic layer  60   a  covers the remaining portion of the first source electrode metallic layer  40   a  not covered by the active layer  50 , and the second drain electrode metallic layer  60   b  covers the remaining portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b  not covered by the active layer  50 . In the present embodiment, the second source and second drain electrode metallic layers  60   a  and  60   b  has a Mo/Al/Mo three-layer structure, but the present invention is not limited as such. For example, the second source electrode metallic layers  60   a  and/or the second drain electrode metallic layers  60   b  can have a Ta single-layer structure, a Mo/Ta dual-layer structure, a Mo/W dual-layer structure, or an Al single-layer structure. 
         [0032]    The above is the manufacturing process of the TFT according to the first embodiment of the present invention. When the TFT according to the first embodiment of the present invention is applied as a switch element in a LCD device, the gate electrode metallic layer  20  is formed together with and is connected to a gate line (not shown). Similarly, the first or second source electrode metallic layer  40   a  or  60   a  is formed together with a data line (not shown) and the first and second source electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  60   a  are both connected to the data line. Then, a passivation layer  70  is formed to cover the second source and second drain electrode metallic layers  60   a  and  60   b,  and to fill the ditch  510 . Then a via  710  revealing the second drain electrode metallic layer  60   b  is formed in the passivation layer  70 . Then, a pixel electrode  80  is formed on the passivation layer  70  and the pixel electrode  80  contacts the second drain electrode metallic layer  60   b  through the via  710 . In the present embodiment, the pixel electrode  80  is made of indium tin oxide (ITO) but the present invention is not limited as such. 
       Second Embodiment 
       [0033]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram showing a TFT according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0034]    As illustrated, a substrate  10  is provided. In the present embodiment, the substrate  10  is a transparent glass substrate. The present invention however is not limited as such. For example, the substrate  10  can also be a transparent resin substrate. 
         [0035]    Then, a gate electrode metallic layer  20  is formed above the substrate  10 . In the present embodiment, the gate electrode metallic layer  20  has a Mo/AI dual-layer structure. However, the present invention is not limited as such. For example, the gate electrode metallic layer  20  can also have a Ta single-layer structure, a Mo/Ta dual-layer structure, a Mo/W dual-layer structure, or an Al single-layer structure. 
         [0036]    Then, a gate insulator layer  30  is formed to cover the substrate  10  and the gate electrode metallic layer  20 . In the present embodiment, the gate insulator layer  30  is made of silicon nitride and/or silicon oxide but the present invention is not limited as such. 
         [0037]    Then, a first photoetching mask is applied to form separated first source electrode metallic layer  40   a  and first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b,  both above the gate insulator layer  30  where a portion of the gate insulator layer  30  is exposed from a gap between the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b,  and the rest of the gate insulator layer  30  is completely covered by the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b.  In the present embodiment, both the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b  have a Mo/Al/Mo three-layer structure, but the present invention is not limited as such. For example, the first source electrode metallic layers  40   a  and/or the first drain electrode metallic layers  40   b  can have a Ta single-layer structure, a Mo/Ta dual-layer structure, a Mo/W dual-layer structure, or an Al single-layer structure. 
         [0038]    Then, an active layer  50  is formed above the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b  where the active layer  50  fills the gap between the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b,  and covers a portion of the first source electrode metallic layer  40   a,  and a portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b.  Additionally, a ditch  510  is formed in the active layer  50  above the gap between the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b.  In the present embodiment, the active layer  50  is made of amorphous silicon but the present invention is not limited as such. 
         [0039]    Then, a second photoetching mask is applied to form a second source electrode metallic layer  60   a  and a second drain electrode metallic layer  60   b  above the first source electrode metallic layer  40   a  and the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b,  respectively, where the second source electrode metallic layer  60   a  covers a portion of the first source electrode metallic layer  40   a  not covered by the active layer  50 , and the second drain electrode metallic layer  60   b  covers a portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b  not covered by the active layer  50 . In the present embodiment, the second source and second drain electrode metallic layers  60   a  and  60   b  has a Mo/Al/Mo three-layer structure, but the present invention is not limited as such. For example, the second source electrode metallic layers  60   a  and/or the second drain electrode metallic layers  60   b  can have a Ta single-layer structure, a Mo/Ta dual-layer structure, a Mo/W dual-layer structure, or an Al single-layer structure. 
         [0040]    The above is the manufacturing process of the TFT according to the second embodiment of the present invention. When the TFT according to the second embodiment of the present invention is applied as a switch element in a LCD device, the gate electrode metallic layer  20  is formed together with and is connected to a gate line (not shown). Similarly, the first or second source electrode metallic layer  40   a  or  60   a  is formed together with a data line (not shown) and the first and second source electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  60   a  are both connected to the data line. Then, a passivation layer  70  is formed to cover the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b  and the second source and second drain electrode metallic layers  60   a  and  60   b,  and to fill the ditch  510 . Then a via  710  revealing the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b  is formed in the passivation layer  70 . Then, a pixel electrode  80  is formed on the passivation layer  70  and the pixel electrode  80  contacts the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b  through the via  710 . In the present embodiment, the pixel electrode  80  is made of indium tin oxide (ITO) but the present invention is not limited as such. 
       Third Embodiment 
       [0041]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram showing a TFT according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0042]    As illustrated, a substrate  10  is provided. In the present embodiment, the substrate  10  is a transparent glass substrate. The present invention however is not limited as such. For example, the substrate  10  can also be a transparent resin substrate. 
         [0043]    Then, a gate electrode metallic layer  20  is formed above the substrate  10 . In the present embodiment, the gate electrode metallic layer  20  has a Mo/AI dual-layer structure. However, the present invention is not limited as such. For example, the gate electrode metallic layer  20  can also have a Ta single-layer structure, a Mo/Ta dual-layer structure, a Mo/W dual-layer structure, or an Al single-layer structure. 
         [0044]    Then, a gate insulator layer  30  is formed to cover the substrate  10  and the gate electrode metallic layer  20 . In the present embodiment, the gate insulator layer  30  is made of silicon nitride and/or silicon oxide but the present invention is not limited as such. 
         [0045]    Then, the second photoetching mask is applied to form separated first source electrode metallic layer  40   a  and first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b,  both above the gate insulator layer  30  where a portion of the gate insulator layer  30  is exposed from a gap between the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b,  and the rest of the gate insulator layer  30  is completely covered by the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b.  In the present embodiment, both the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b  have a Mo/Al/Mo three-layer structure, but the present invention is not limited as such. For example, the first source electrode metallic layers  40   a  and/or the first drain electrode metallic layers  40   b  can have a Ta single-layer structure, a Mo/Ta dual-layer structure, a Mo/W dual-layer structure, or an Al single-layer structure. 
         [0046]    Then, an active layer  50  is formed above the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b  where the active layer  50  fills the gap between the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b,  and covers a portion of the first source electrode metallic layer  40   a,  and a portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b.  Additionally, a ditch  510  is formed in the active layer  50  above the gap between the first source and first drain electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  40   b.  In the present embodiment, the active layer  50  is made of amorphous silicon but the present invention is not limited as such. 
         [0047]    Then, the first photoetching mask is applied to form a second source electrode metallic layer  60   a  and a second drain electrode metallic layer  60   b  above the first source electrode metallic layer  40   a  and the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b,  respectively, where the second source electrode metallic layer  60   a  covers the portion of the first source electrode metallic layer  40   a  not covered by the active layer  50  and the portion of the gate insulator layer  30  not covered by the first source electrode metallic layer  40   a,  and the second drain electrode metallic layer  60   b  covers the portion of the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b  not covered by the active layer  50  and the portion of the gate insulator layer  30  not covered by the first drain electrode metallic layer  40   b.  In the present embodiment, the second source and second drain electrode metallic layers  60   a  and  60   b  has a Mo/Al/Mo three-layer structure, but the present invention is not limited as such. For example, the second source electrode metallic layers  60   a  and/or the second drain electrode metallic layers  60   b  can have a Ta single-layer structure, a Mo/Ta dual-layer structure, a Mo/W dual-layer structure, or an Al single-layer structure. 
         [0048]    The above is the manufacturing process of the TFT according to the second embodiment of the present invention. When the TFT according to the second embodiment of the present invention is applied as a switch element in a LCD device, the gate electrode metallic layer  20  is formed together with and is connected to a gate line (not shown). Similarly, the first or second source electrode metallic layer  40   a  or  60   a  is formed together with a data line (not shown) and the first and second source electrode metallic layers  40   a  and  60   a  are both connected to the data line. Then, a passivation layer  70  is formed to cover the second source and second drain electrode metallic layers  60   a  and  60   b,  and to fill the ditch  510 . Then a via  710  revealing the second drain electrode metallic layer  60   b  is formed in the passivation layer  70 . Then, a pixel electrode  80  is formed on the passivation layer  70  and the pixel electrode  80  contacts the second drain electrode metallic layer  60   b  through the via  710 . In the present embodiment, the pixel electrode  80  is made of indium tin oxide (ITO) but the present invention is not limited as such. 
         [0049]    As described above, according to the present invention, source and drain metallic layers are formed both above and below the active layer, thereby effectively lowering the parasitic capacitance C gs  between the source and drain metallic layers, and reducing the area taken up by the TFT. As such, when TFT is applied to a LCD device, the reduced space consumed by the TFT enhances pixel&#39;s aperture ratio. 
         [0050]    Embodiments of the present invention have been described, but not intending to impose any unduly constraint to the appended claims. Any modification of equivalent structure or equivalent process made according to the disclosure and drawings of the present invention, or any application thereof, directly or indirectly, to other related fields of technique, is considered encompassed in the scope of protection defined by the clams of the present invention.