Abstract:
The invention is directed to methodologies and apparatuses in which materials are dispensed in order to create a desired finished product. The invention permits the dispensing of a specific amount of material in a controllable, metered fashion.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/248,064, filed Oct. 12, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/628,320, filed Jul. 28, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,198,073, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/456,746, filed Mar. 21, 2003. U.S. application Ser. No. 11/248,064 also claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/640,000, filed Dec. 29, 2004 and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/640,001, filed Dec. 29, 2004. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to dispensing a specific amount of material from one container into another container. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    There are many different types of material dispensers available to the market offering differing levels of automation. Choosing one type of dispenser over another is often a function of what type of material is needing to be dispensed and is further defined by the ability of the material being dispensed to flow (as in the case of a liquid—typically referred to as the materials&#39; viscosity) or change its form (as in the case of a powder) when relieved of a means of containing such material in a cylindrical shape. A machine dispensing material low in viscosity would likely be different in both methodology and apparatus from that of a machine dispensing a more viscous paste-type material. 
         [0004]    For purposes of background and by way of illustration, references will be made to common practices found in the ink industry because such practices fairly represent the practices found in other industries requiring the use of accurately dispensing a specific amount of material from one container to another. It should be understood that the various aspects and teachings of the inventions described herein are not limited in their application and are not limited to the ink industry. Indeed, the various aspects, teachings, embodiments and methodologies described herein have application in all industries and in all systems and processes where it is desirable to dispense a specific amount of material from one container to another. 
         [0005]    As is known, materials are typically stored and transported by using a number of different containers. Among the most common are steel drums (55 and 30 gallon capacities), HDPE buckets (5, 3½, 2 and 1 gallon capacities), and HDPE jugs (1 gallon capacity). Other containers include cardboard-roll or plastic cylindrical tubes (5″, 3¾″ and 2″ tubes). The 5″ and 3¾″ tubes are typically known in the ink industry as being either HDPE or cardboard-roll tubes and commonly referred to as Sonoco™ or Ritter cartridges. These tubes typically hold 4.4 or 8 lbs of material. The 2″ tubes are typically known in the construction industry as being either HDPE or cardboard-roll tubes and commonly are referred to as caulk tubes that typically hold either 10 ounces or 1 quart of material. Still other known containers include metal cans of 1 and 2 quart capacities. These cans may be made of metal or have a cardboard-roll body that typically hold 1 quart of tint (or colorant) as seen in the paint industry. Still other containers include bags made from a substantially air-tight, flexible, compressible composite material. 
         [0006]    Dispensing equipment is seen in virtually every industry requiring a finished product that is created from a formulation. Formulations are often seen in the paint, ink, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, foodservice and chemicals industries. For example, in the ink industry, a printer may need to have a custom color of ink created to satisfy the requirements of a particular project. The custom color of ink is created using a formulation, or a recipe of materials. This combination of pre-determined amounts of specific ingredients is also used in the paint industry, for example, to create a custom color of paint and in the cosmetics industry to create a custom color of facial cream or makeup base. 
         [0007]    A current manual method for creating a custom color from a formulation in the ink industry is for the operator to manually transfer one of the formulation components from one container (such as, a 55 gallon drum, 5 or 3½, 2 or 1 gallon (plastic) bucket, or an 8 lb. metal can) into another container, which sits on a precision scale, until the operator adds enough material into the container on the scale to reach the required amount of material called-out in the formulation for that finished product. The operator repeats the process with every component required of the formulation until the operator has “weighed-up” each ingredient. Throughout the process of “weighing-up,” the operator may need to manually add to or deduct from the amount of material placed into the finished product container that sits on the scale in order to attain the target value stated for each component in the formulation. This manual method of creating finished products from a formulation through the use of a container on a scale is referred to as the “Smart Scale” or “Hand Mix” method in a number of industries (hereinafter “Manual Mix Method”). 
         [0008]    Another current method for creating a finished product from a formulation is through the use of a dispenser that may have a number of reservoir containers, each of which would contain one of the components required to create a finished product. The component is moved from the reservoir container, through the use of a pumping device connected to the reservoir container, through a length of piping to a dispensing valve that, upon receiving feedback from a computer&#39;s controlling software (which receives feedback from a scale that the receiving container sits upon), terminates the flow of material (at a value close to the target amount) and deposits the material into a receiving container. The dispensing valve would need to repeatedly open and close upon feedback from the computer and scale in order to dispense small amounts of a component to reach the target amount. The pumps subsequently would need to push the component through the dispensing valve, which may be rapidly opening and closing. The aforementioned pumping devices typically are piston, positive displacement, gear, diaphragm or peristaltic type pumps that force the material through the piping. Each of the aforementioned pumping device types are best suited for specific applications that relate to, among other things, the viscosity of the material being moved, the volume at which the material is required to pass through it and the level of accuracy required of the pumping device for the application. The aforementioned dispensing valve may be a ball, globe, piston, diaphragm, plug or butterfly type. Each of the aforementioned dispensing valve types are best suited for specific applications that relate to, among other things, the viscosity of the material being moved, the volume at which the material is required to pass through it and the level of accuracy required of the dispensing valve for the application. This automated method of creating finished products from a formulation is often referred to as “Automated Pump Dispensers” method in a number of industries (hereinafter “Gravimetric/Pump Dispenser Method”). 
         [0009]    Yet another current type of automated material dispenser uses a number of reservoir containers, each of which contains one of possible components required of any finished formulation and dispenses those components through a volumetric means as opposed to the aforementioned Gravimetric means. The volumetric method (hereinafter “Volumetric Dispensing Method”) uses a positive displacement means of dispensing where a cylinder, filled with a material component, is emptied of some portion of the material (that resides within it) through the use of a piston found within it (located between the material component and the discharge end of the cylinder) that moves a predetermined distance and displaces a predetermined amount of the material component. This Volumetric Dispensing Method assumes that when the piston moves a predetermined distance that the amount of material component dispensed is the same time after time. 
         [0010]    Drawbacks and disadvantages exist with respect to the Manual Method of dispensing formulations. For example, operator handling is the most costly expense of creating custom formulations when using the Manual Mix Method. In the ink industry, for instance, 55 gallon steel drums, 5 and 3½ gallon plastic buckets and 5 lb. and 8 lb. tin buckets are the most common container types used for storage and delivery of ink, whether the material is a base component used to create a finished product or is finished ink. The operator must manually remove the component from the container through the use of a spoon or putty knife type of tool. Paste-type ink, for instance, can be extremely dense and highly viscous (4,000-40,000 cps (centipoise) where water=1 cps; honey=5,000 cps). Paste-type ink&#39;s “stringing” characteristics (the ability for the material to adhere to itself, even when attempting to be separated) are high. The process of scooping the material from the buckets is physically taxing on the operator and can be a very messy operation due to the stringing nature of the material. 
         [0011]    In addition, the accuracy of creating a formulation using the Manual Method is a function of the resolution of the scale (how accurate the scale is (measured in a percentage of the scale&#39;s full capacity)) and of operator skill in being able to apply the appropriate amount of material needed for any given formulation. If the material is highly viscous the operator can more easily remove material from the amount added (if the amount added were too high) than if the material were less viscous in which case the material added may disperse into the material already in the receiving container, not allowing for removal of the amount over added. If too much of a given material of the formulation is manually added, additional amounts of the other components required of the formulation would proportionally need to be added, resulting in the creation of more finished product than originally requested, potentially resulting in material waste. 
         [0012]    Similarly, there are some drawbacks and disadvantages with the Gravimetric/Pump Dispenser Method. Some of the major drawbacks experienced with this method are dispense valve actuation, dispensing time, accurate reporting, scale cost, effect of vibration and wind currents, pump wear and cost, air fluctuation, and multiple scale cost. More specifically, and by way of example, the dispense valve opens via an electric/pneumatic solenoid valve which is controlled by a Human Machine Interface (HMI) which is the layer or device that separates a human that is operating the machine from the machine itself and, in some instances, is a computer. The HMI either communicates directly with or sends signals to other devices, for example, a program logic controller (PLC) which ultimately provides control of all electrical, pneumatic and mechanical movements and actions of the machine. The HMI sends a signal to a pneumatic solenoid that then in turn sends a pneumatic (air) signal that must physically travel through an air line in order to open and/or close the dispense valve. The delay created in an air signal needing to travel through an air line to the pneumatic solenoid affects how fast the dispense valve can physically open and close. The process of the dispense valve opening and closing in order to accurately dispense a small amount of material is commonly referred to as being in “pulse mode.” Any delay of the air signal traveling through the air line will ultimately affect how long the dispense valve remains in the pulse mode. If the target weight amount is less than or equal to 0.1 grams, the importance of the dispense valve not remaining in the pulse mode becomes critical. 
         [0013]    Another drawback involves time delays in dispensing materials. The multiple dispensing valves may need to move in and out of position to accommodate any given material needing to be dispensed. There are time added delays due to the scale needing to completely stop its movement after each dispense in order that the computer can activate the pump to dispense more product, if required. The overall formulation dispense time may therefore increase because of required accuracy or number of components. As the dispense valve opens and closes, some amount of residual liquids, in the form of a drop, can remain on the edge of the dispense valve. When the scale signals the computer that the target value has been reached the computer closes the dispense valve. The residual material can fall into the final receiving container due to gravity. The computer receives a signal that the dispense is complete and does not account for any residual material that may fall into the final dispense container. To resolve this inherent problem, some manufacturers of Gravimetric/Pump Dispensers may have their software “lock-in” the target value for reporting purposes, when in fact the actual dispensed amount may be different. 
         [0014]    Yet another disadvantage with Gravimetric/Pump Dispensers relates to the costs of the scales needed with those systems. The scales may vary in cost between $1,500 and $10,000 per scale. Some Gravimetric/Pump Dispensers may use several scales of varying capacities that add significantly to the cost of the Gravimetric/Pump Dispenser. 
         [0015]    In addition, scales can be susceptible to vibration and air movement due to their sensitive load cells. Scales used for dispensers are often set to read as accurately as possible. Air movement over the scale or vibration under the scale may cause the scale to interpret the movement as additional weight and relay the information to the computer. The computer may interpret that the dispense valve has added more material to the final dispense when in fact it has not. The computer, therefore, must give the scale time to stabilize before adding more product. This problem could cause time delays and inaccurate readings of the actual dispense if the scale is not shrouded by a cover. 
         [0016]    Yet another drawback involves the pumps used with the Gravimetric/Pump Dispensers. These pumps are used to transfer material from the reservoir containers to the dispense valves. A costly pump is required for each material component. The pumps add considerable upfront expense and ongoing maintenance expenses to the system. The cost of maintenance is high due to the fact that the pumps, being mechanical devices, inherently are subject to a high degree of wear and tear. Failure of the seals that provide the pumping ability is the most common maintenance issue with pumps. The pumping system relies on compressed air supplied by the end user of the Gravimetric/Pump Dispensers. Air compressors struggle with the delivery of consistent air pressure which the dispense valve relies on to accurately dispense to the scale. If there is too much fluctuation in delivered air pressure (15-20 psi) the calibration values set in the computer may “over dispense” or “under dispense.” 
         [0017]    Moreover, there are disadvantages and drawbacks related to the transportation, storage and disposal of known material containers. For instance, there can be high costs relating to residual waste of material in a container when the material in the container is used and the container is disposed of. Waste is also due to the material curing prior to its intended end use when, in the container, it may develop a film (often referred to as “skinning”) when exposed to certain environmental conditions. The operator may dispose of the container even though it may still have a substantial amount of material remaining in it. 
         [0018]    Throughout the course of using any material stored in a bucket container, the bucket&#39;s lid may be removed and replaced a multiple number of times, depending on the volume requirement of that particular material for any given formulation. If all of the material in the bucket is not used when the lid is first removed, and the lid is repeatedly removed and replaced, over the course of time the material in the bucket, especially that material that may not have been sufficiently removed from the side walls of the bucket, tends to skin-over or may become crusty, rendering it useless and adding to the amount of wasted material. Occasionally, the dried or contaminated material on the sidewalls contaminates the remaining “good” material in the bottom of the bucket, rendering the good material difficult to work with, making it more subject to operator disposal. Additionally, on the bottom of a bucket, due to the bucket&#39;s construction, areas could be present where ink becomes trapped and the complete removal of the ink from the bucket becomes virtually impossible. 
         [0019]    Similarly, throughout the course of using any material stored in a HDPE jug container, the HDPE jug container&#39;s cap may be removed and replaced a multiple number of times, depending on the volume requirement of that particular material for any given formulation. If all of the material in the HDPE jug container is not used when the cap is first removed, and the cap is repeatedly removed and replaced, over the course of time the material in the HDPE jug container, especially that material that may not have been sufficiently removed from the side walls of the HDPE jug container, tends to skin-over or may become crusty, rendering it useless and adding to the amount of wasted material. Occasionally, the dried or contaminated material on the sidewalls of the HDPE jug container contaminates the remaining “good” material in the bottom of the HDPE jug container, rendering the good material difficult to work with, making it more subject to operator disposal. Additionally, on the bottom and on the sidewalls of an HDPE jug container, due to the HDPE jug container construction and the small opening, areas could be present where ink becomes trapped and the complete removal of the ink from the HDPE jug container becomes virtually impossible. 
         [0020]    Additionally, there are drawbacks with respect to known cardboard-roll or plastic tubes that result in material waste in those containers. The known tubes use a movable displacing “puck” that, when pressed downwards towards the bottom of the tube, acts as a plunger to press the material residing in the tube out of the orifice found on the bottom of the tube. However, with known tube designs, an area remains between the puck and the fixed end of the tube, creating a region for the material in the tube to remain and not be discharged thus creating waste when the tube is disposed of. 
         [0021]    Other drawbacks and disadvantages exist with respect to known dispensers, material containers and dispensing methods that are overcome by the present inventions described herein. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0022]    The present invention looks to improve on the methodology and apparatus in which materials are dispensed in order to create a desired finished product based on a prescribed mixture of a number of material components typically divided according to their individual requirements by percentages. The present invention additionally looks to improve upon the container in which the material is stored, shipped and used. The present invention also looks to integrate an improved material storage/shipping/dispensing container that may contain a pressure responsive silicone dispense valve configured to allow the dispensing of a specific amount of material through it in a controllable, metered fashion. 
         [0023]    The present invention includes numerous methodologies and numerous apparatuses for dispensing materials. In one exemplary embodiment, the invention includes a dispenser that includes a plurality of integral material reservoir cylinders (each of which may or may not contain a separate material bag in which resides a component required for a formulation), or a plurality of alternate material reservoir containers (such as drums that are detached from and are not part of the dispenser but that supply material to the dispenser, with a component required for a formulation residing in each drum), or a combination of both a plurality of integral material reservoir cylinders and a plurality of alternate material reservoir containers, that provides a volume of material through a supply tube into a valve that directs the material to either: 1) a dispense tube and through a dispense valve, through or past a material sensor then into a receiving container that sits upon a scale, or 2) into a dispense cylinder in which resides a piston that, through the use of a piston drive plate actuator and the piston drive plate actuators&#39; piston drive plate, moves the piston and directs the material through a valve which directs the material through a dispense tube, through or past a sensor and in-turn through a dispense valve and into a receiving container that sits upon a scale. 
         [0024]    Another exemplary embodiment of the invention is a dispenser that includes a rotary table that holds one or a plurality of material containers on the rotary table. Within each material container resides a single base material which, if required of a desired formulation, in some calculated proportion, is used. In an exemplary application, a rotary table motor rotates the rotary table and positions the material container required by the formulation to the dispense position, which is the area towards the front of the dispenser and under a pressure actuator. The dispenser also includes an HMI, a scale and a feedback sensor. In one method of use, the operator inputs into the HMI a value of the desired finished amount (“target amount” in a value of total weight) of a custom formulation to blend. The HMI calculates the total weight of each of the base material components required (“calculated amount”) to create the target amount. The pressure actuator applies downward pressure on a movable member, such as a puck (residing within the material container used to push the base material out of the container) which pushes the base material through a proportional pressure responsive dispense valve that opens and closes in a rolling manner into a receiving container residing on a scale. As the base material is expelled through the valve, the base material is sensed by a sensor which, along with the scale, sends feedback information to the HMI to increase, decrease or discontinue the pressure being applied to the puck in the material container by the pressure actuator to provide the calculated amount. If the amount of base material expelled does not equal the calculated amount the HMI recalculates the amount of base material required (the “recalculated amount”), recalculates the amount of pressure required of the pressure actuator to attain the recalculated amount, and sends a signal to the pressure actuator to expel the recalculated amount of base material from the material container. The process of expelling a base amount, receiving feedback from the sensor and the scale, calculating if more base material is required and, if required, recalculating the amount of pressure required of the pressure actuator to attain the total recalculated amount continues until the calculated amount is attained. When the calculated amount is attained the HMI positions the next material container required of the formulation, if another is required, into a position under the pressure actuator and repeats the process until the calculated amount of each base material components of the required formulation have been dispensed into the receiving container. 
         [0025]    Another embodiment of the dispenser holds one or a plurality of containers in a linear configuration and, within each resides a single base material which, if required of a desired formulation, in some calculated proportion, is used. As above, each material container can be positioned under a pressure actuator. However, with this embodiment, the containers are moved under the pressure actuator, or the pressure actuator is moved over the containers in a linear manner, as opposed to the above-described rotary manner. The dispenser may also include an HMI, a scale and a feedback sensor. The method of use may be similar to the method described above with respect to the rotary table configuration, and will not be repeated here. 
         [0026]    Yet another exemplary embodiment of the dispenser holds one or a plurality of containers in either a linear configuration (through the use of a linear slide) or a rotary configuration (through the use of a rotary table) and, within each resides a single base material which, if required of a desired formulation, in some calculated proportion, is used. Each container can be manually positioned by the operator under a pressure actuator or the pressure actuator can be positioned over the container. The dispenser may also include an HMI, a scale and a feedback sensor. Again, the method of use is similar to that described above. 
         [0027]    Still another exemplary embodiment of the dispenser holds one or a plurality of containers in either a linear configuration (through the use of a linear slide) or a rotary configuration (through the use of a rotary table) and, within each resides a single base material which, if required of a desired formulation, in some calculated proportion, is used. Each container is manually positioned by the operator under a pressure actuator. The dispenser may also include an HMI and a scale. In this method of use, the operator inputs into the HMI a value of the desired finished amount of a custom formulation to blend. The HMI calculates the total weight of each of the base material components required to create the target amount. The operator then positions a container to the dispense position which is the area under a pressure actuator. The pressure actuator is manually activated by the operator to apply downward pressure on the movable puck which pushes the base material through a proportional pressure responsive dispense valve that opens and closes in a rolling manner into a receiving container residing on a scale. As the base material is expelled through the dispense valve and falls into the receiving container the base material is weighed by the scale and the operator may increase, decrease or discontinue the pressure being manually applied to the puck in the material container by the pressure actuator to provide the calculated amount. When the operator discontinues applying pressure to the pressure actuator the dispense valve effectively stops expelling the base component from the material container. The operator then reads the scale value and determines if more base material is required to reach the calculated amount. The operator repeats the above steps until the calculated amount required of the formulation is attained. When the calculated amount is attained the operator positions the next material container required of the formulation, if another is required, into a position under the pressure actuator and repeats the process until the calculated amount of each base material components of the required formulation have been dispensed into the receiving container. 
         [0028]    Yet another embodiment of the dispenser holds a single material container in which resides a single base material which, if required of a desired formulation, in some calculated proportion, is used. Each material container is manually inserted by the operator into the dispense position under the pressure actuator. The dispenser may also include an HMI, a scale and a feedback sensor. In one method of use, the operator inputs into the HMI a value of the desired finished amount, i.e., the target amount in a value of total weight, of a custom formulation to blend. The HMI calculates the total weight of each of the base material components required to create the target amount. The pressure actuator applies downward pressure on the movable puck which pushes the base material through a proportional pressure responsive dispense valve that opens and closes in a rolling manner into a receiving container residing on a scale. As the base material is expelled through the valve, the base material is sensed by a sensor which, along with the scale, sends feedback information to the HMI to increase, decrease or discontinue the pressure being applied to the puck in the material container by the pressure actuator to provide the calculated amount. If the amount of base material expelled does not equal the calculated amount the HMI recalculates the amount of base material required (the “recalculated amount”), recalculates the amount of pressure required of the pressure actuator to attain the recalculated amount, and sends a signal to the pressure actuator to expel the recalculated amount of base material from the material container. The process of expelling a base amount, receiving feedback from the sensor and the scale, calculating if more base material is required and, if required, recalculating the amount of pressure required of the pressure actuator to attain the total recalculated amount continues until the calculated amount is attained. When the calculated amount is attained the operator removes the material container and inserts the next material container required of the formulation, if another is required, into a position under the pressure actuator and repeats the process until the calculated amount of each base material components of the required formulation have been dispensed into the receiving container. 
         [0029]    Still another exemplary embodiment of the dispenser holds a single container within resides a single base material which, if required of a desired formulation, in some calculated proportion, is used. Each container is manually positioned by the operator under a pressure actuator. The dispenser may also include an HMI and a scale. In this method of use, the operator inputs into the HMI a target amount of the desired finished amount of a custom formulation to blend. The HMI calculates the total weight of each of the base material components required to create the target amount. The operator then positions a container to the dispense position which is the area under a pressure actuator. The pressure actuator is manually activated by the operator to apply downward pressure on the movable puck which pushes the base material through a proportional pressure responsive dispense valve that opens and closes in a rolling manner into a receiving container residing on a scale. As the base material is expelled through the dispense valve and falls into the receiving container the base material is weighed by the scale and the operator may increase, decrease or discontinue the pressure being manually applied to the puck in the material container by the pressure actuator to provide the calculated amount. When the operator discontinues applying pressure to the pressure actuator the dispense valve effectively stops expelling the base component from the material container. The operator then reads the scale value and determines if more base material is required to reach the calculated amount. The operator repeats the above steps until the calculated amount required of the formulation is attained. When the calculated amount is attained the operator positions the next material container required of the formulation, if another is required, into a position under the pressure actuator and repeats the process until the calculated amount of each base material components of the required formulation have been dispensed into the receiving container. 
         [0030]    Another aspect of the present invention is an improved container that may be used in the dispensing of material. In one exemplary embodiment, the container may be in the form of a material bag that comprises a substantially air-tight, flexible, compressible composite selected from among urethane, vinyl laminated fabric, chloroprene, viscoelastic fabric, buna-N, vinyl, cloth inserted rubber, polytetraflouroethane, elastomeric rubber, polypropylene, fluoroelastomers, rubber, hyplon, polyethylene, neoprene, polyvinylchloride, nitrile, polyolefin films, nylon, prismatic films, lycra, polyurethane, and the like. 
         [0031]    The bag has a top, bottom and sides, sealed airtight, and also has a centered opening adjacent to the top in the form of a hole large enough to accept the clear passage of a molded fitting secured into it, becoming an integral part of the material bag. The bag also has a bag spout that provides for: 1) an opening in which to fill the material bag with material; 2) an opening in which to evacuate the material bag of material; 3) a means of connecting material bag to the dispenser; and 4) a means of connecting a pressure responsive silicone dispense valve to it. The material bag may incorporate a proportional elastomeric dispense valve or pressure responsive dispense valve. The material bag may also have a delta seal (a sealed-tight seam on an angle to its starting point) on any one its four comers, each of which may decrease the opportunity for material to become trapped within that area and which directs material in the direction of the bag spout throughout the process of evacuation of material from the material bag when pressure is applied to the material bag. 
         [0032]    Another aspect of the present invention is an improved container, such as a cylindrical container or a material cartridge, that incorporates the proportional elastomeric dispense valve or pressure responsive dispense valve into the discharging end of the container. The dispense valve opens and closes rollingly in response to a predetermined discharge force, allowing stored material to precisely discharge from the container. 
         [0033]    Still another aspect of the present invention is an improved movable member such as a puck (residing within the material container used to push the base material out of the container). The improved puck includes a number of seals around it&#39;s outside edge which effectively presses base material out of the material container through the dispense valve without allowing the material to bypass the puck. Additionally, the puck has a convex center that permits ample room for the dispense valve (found centered on the fixed end of the cartridge container) to close when the puck comes in direct contact with the fixed end of the cartridge. The puck is angled or configured on its bottom in such a way as to mate up with the fixed end of the container to decrease the amount of base material that may remain after the puck comes in contact with the fixed end of the container and subsequently provides the greatest opportunity for all of the base material in the container to be expelled from the container. 
         [0034]    There are numerous potential uses for any of the dispensers described herein, including those uses described herein. One of skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrative uses described herein are exemplary of the numerous possible applications and uses of the disclosed dispensers and that the invention is not limited to the described uses. One exemplary use of the dispenser may be when the end-user requires the dispenser to provide large quantities of finished product to satisfy any given project requirements and to create the finished product in a commercially acceptable timeframe. For example, in the ink industry a printer may need to create enough of a custom color (i.e., 50.00 lbs. of finished product) to produce 100,000 sheets of finished printed pages. The formulation may require a majority of the finished product to be made from one or more of the components in the formulation (e.g., 90% of the finished product being made from two components). The end-user may require the dispenser to provide a high-speed, high-flow dispensing manner for any of the components to create the finished product (hereinafter referred to as a “coarse fill method”). 
         [0035]    In an aspect of the invention, the coarse-fill method may use a combination of: 1) a plurality of detached alternate drum material reservoirs each having a single drum pump attached and each of which supplies a component to a preferred or to an alternate valve, and thereafter through the dispenser, and 2) a plurality of integral material reservoirs which use a component source possibly in the form of a material bag to supply material to a valve, and thereafter through the dispenser. If the formulation requires a coarse fill method for any of the given components, the dispenser would initially dispense material using the coarse fill method to an amount approximately 1 lb. from the total target amount for that component. The remaining amount of component needed to attain the total amount required by the formulation for that component would be dispensed through the precision metering cylinder manner of dispensing (hereinafter referred to as a “small quantity method”). 
         [0036]    Any of the material containers described herein may incorporate the pressure responsive dispense valve of the invention and could be used in an accessory piece of equipment to mechanically assist in expelling material (i.e., inserted into an automated dispenser, inserted into a manual tool (such as a typical caulk gun), or inserted into an automated dispenser that, along with the HMI maintains a given level of material in a receiving container (often seen on printing presses and commonly know in the industry as “Fountain Fillers”)). Any of the containers described herein which incorporate the pressure responsive dispense valve of the invention could be used independent of an automated means of expelling the material (i.e., by physically applying pressure to the container or, if the container is a material bag, to the material bag). 
         [0037]    Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the following detailed description, claims and drawings in which like numerals are used to designate like features. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0038]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a single component assembly of an exemplary dispenser. 
           [0039]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of an exemplary material bag assembly. 
           [0040]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of an exemplary piston assembly. 
           [0041]      FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram of an exemplary linear actuator assembly. 
           [0042]      FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram of an exemplary proportional dispense valve assembly. 
           [0043]      FIG. 6  depicts several views of an alternative container with the proportional dispense valve assembly of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0044]      FIG. 7  depicts a full side view and a partial side view of an alternative container with the proportional dispense valve assembly of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0045]      FIG. 8  are two exploded schematic diagrams of an alternative dispenser incorporating the alternative container of  FIG. 6 . 
           [0046]      FIG. 9  is an exploded schematic diagram of the rotary assembly of the dispenser of  FIG. 8 . 
           [0047]      FIG. 10  is an exploded view of an exemplary container of the invention. 
           [0048]      FIG. 11  is a cross-section view of the container of  FIG. 10 . 
           [0049]      FIG. 12  is an exploded cross-section view of the end of the container of  FIG. 11 . 
           [0050]      FIG. 13  is a schematic view of the container of  FIG. 10  illustrating the mating up of the movable member with the interior bottom of the container. 
           [0051]      FIG. 14  is a schematic view similar to  FIG. 13  illustrating the movable member in a position away from the interior bottom of the container. 
           [0052]      FIG. 15  is an isometric view of an exemplary movable member of the present invention. 
           [0053]      FIG. 16  is another isometric view of the movable member of  FIG. 15 . 
           [0054]      FIG. 17  is a side view of the movable member of  FIG. 15 . 
       
    
    
       [0055]    Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the following detailed description, claims and drawings in which like numerals are used to designate like features. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0056]    The present invention may be embodied in many forms and many methodologies. As used herein, the following terms have the following broad meaning as understood by those of skill in the art. Note that these definitions are intended to simply assist the reader in understanding the terms used herein and are not meant to provide a limiting definition to each term. The term “material” means a flowable, non-solid substance, such as liquid, paste or powder, or any other substance capable of dispensing. The term “formulation” means a prescribed recipe of a number of material components typically divided, according to their individual requirements, by percentages that, when dispersed or thoroughly mixed together, create a desired finished product. The terms “container” or “material container” mean any and all devices or structures, in which one or more materials may be contained, held, packaged into, received in, stored in or used as delivery package, including without limitation any and all structures identified herein. The term “HMI” means human/machine interface or one or more devices that allow for an interface between those devices and humans for the control of equipment or processes of equipment, and more generally may be defined as the layer or device that separates a human that is operating the equipment from the equipment itself. The term “downwards” means as being towards the direction of the bottom of  FIG. 1 . Likewise, the term “upwards” means as being towards the direction of the top of  FIG. 1 . 
         [0057]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , there is depicted a schematic of a dispenser of an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The dispenser may include a human/machine interface or HMI  29  that sends a signal to either a detached drum pump  2  or to bag pressure actuator  3 , depending upon the volume and speed requirements of the component for the formulation. For formulations requiring the coarse fill method of dispensing for any component, HMI  29  would signal supply valve  13  to open entirely and would signal dispense valve  23  to open entirely and would signal detached drum pump  2  to start. Detached drum pump  2  would move the component from alternate material reservoir  1  through supply tube  12 , through supply valve  13 , through dispense tube connecting plate  15 A, into dispense cylinder  19 , through dispense valve  23 , through dispense tube  24 , through dispense valve housing  25  and, in having developed enough pressure throughout the embodiments described above, would cause proportional dispense valve or pressure responsive dispense valve  26  to open rollingly and material would pass through the proportional dispense valve and would pass through material sensor  26 A (a device used to detect the presence of a solid volume of material) and into receiving container  27  which sits upon scale  28 . 
         [0058]    The piston assembly (as seen as an assembly in  FIG. 3  and as seen as individual embodiments in  FIG. 1 ) comprised of piston body  18  which may be formed in a manner to provide for a means of maintaining perpendicularity of the bottom of the piston body to the inside walls of dispense cylinder  19  through the use of a number of piston alignment rings  17  of varying dimension located between the piston seals  16  and a number of (most preferable two) piston seals  16 , that reside within dispense cylinder  19 , and could, as an entire assembly, freely move upwards in direction or freely move downwards in direction within dispense cylinder  19 . The piston assembly ( FIG. 3 ) is prevented from passing through the bottom of dispense cylinder  19  (as seen as being towards the direction of the bottom of  FIG. 1 ) through the use of piston stop ring  20 A (as shown in  FIG. 1 ). The piston assembly ( FIG. 3 ) is prevented from passing through the top of dispense cylinder  19  (as seen as being towards the direction of the top of  FIG. 1 ) through the use of dispense tube connecting plate  15 A (as shown in  FIG. 1 ). 
         [0059]    The piston assembly ( FIG. 3 ) may move downwards in direction within dispense cylinder  19  due to piston body  18  having pressure exerted onto the top of it by the component when the component is moved: 1) from alternate material reservoir  1  through the use of detached drum pump  2 , or 2) from material bag  8  through the use of bag pressure actuator  3 . Either source of material may cause the voided area created above the piston assembly caused by the downwards movement of the piston assembly in dispenser cylinder  19  to fill with material. In either case, the filling of the void above the piston assembly and the downwards movement of the piston assembly may be assisted by the piston body  18 , when piston body  18  has piston gripper  20  (of which the exemplary embodiment would be piston gripper  20  which has a bladder, which, when expanded with air, firmly attaches itself to the void inside of piston body  18 ) firmly attached to it and when piston assembly is drawn in a downwards direction by piston pressure actuator  22 . The downwards movement of the piston assembly may create a vacuum inside dispense cylinder  19  above piston body  18  and may assist in filling of the void created inside dispense cylinder  19  above piston body  18 . Piston alignment rings  17  would assure that piston body  18  travels in a parallel linear motion to dispense cylinder  19  sidewalls. Piston seals  16  would provide for a substantially leak-free contact between piston body  18  and the interior cylinder walls of dispense cylinder  19 . Piston seals  16  would prevent the component from bypassing piston body  18  and would cause the component to remain in the area of dispense cylinder  19  above piston body  18 . 
         [0060]    Two alternative embodiments to supply valve  13  and dispense valve  23  would be: 1) an alternate 4-way valve  14 , or 2) an alternate 3-way valve  15 . With either alternate embodiment to supply valve  13  and dispense valve  23 , detached drum pump  2  would move its component from alternate material reservoir  1  through supply tube  12  and through either: 1) alternate 4-way valve  14  which would, upon receiving a signal from HMI  29 , switch alternate 4-way valve  14  to direct the component to either: a) pass through dispense tube connecting plate  15 A into dispense cylinder  19  (when the small quantity method of dispensing is required to complete the component requirement of a formulation), or b) through dispense tube  24  and onwards through other embodiments as described above (when the coarse-fill method of dispensing is required to satisfy a user requirement) or 2) alternate 3-way valve  15  which would, upon receiving a signal from HMI  29 , switch alternate 3-way valve  15  to direct the component through dispense tube connecting plate  15 A and into dispense cylinder  19 . 
         [0061]    When HMI  29  receives a signal from scale  28  that the target value for the component (that uses the coarse fill method of dispensing) has been attained HMI  29  signals detached drum pump  2  to stop. 
         [0062]    HMI  29  would signal supply valve  13  to close, or would signal alternate 4-way valve  14  or alternate 3-way valve  15  to switch to direct material from dispense cylinder  19  to the direction of dispense tube  24 , and would signal piston pressure actuator assembly (as seen as an assembly in  FIG. 4  and as seen as individual embodiments in  FIG. 2 ) to move piston drive plate  21  (which has piston gripper  20  firmly attached to it) upwards to locate and come into positive contact with piston body  18 . 
         [0063]    HMI  29  would signal piston pressure actuator assembly to move piston drive plate  21  upwards a defined distance (which defined distance is equal to the amount of incremental movement of piston body  18  upwards that would result in an amount of component being evacuated from that amount of material residing above piston body  18  and in dispense tube  24 ) that would equal some percentage of the component amount (as being an amount identified by HMI  29  and transmitted to scale  28 ) required to equal the total target amount required of that component for the formulation, minus the amount previously dispensed of that component (in the coarse-fill manner described above). Depending upon the allowable percentage of error (hereinafter referred to as “tolerance”) that any particular component may have (of which each tolerance value is related to the target amount of the required component) HMI  29  may require dispenser to dispense component to an amount that is less than the overall required amount of the component. This process of dispensing an amount that is “short” of the required amount continues until the target value has been attained. The upwards movement of piston body  18  would cause component to move through dispense valve  23 , through dispense tube  24 , through dispense valve housing  25  and, in having developed enough pressure throughout the embodiments described above, would cause proportional dispense valve  26  to open rollingly and component would pass through proportional dispense valve  26 , would pass through material sensor  26 A and into receiving container  27  which sits upon scale  28 . 
         [0064]    The speed at which piston pressure actuator  22  moves upwards or downwards, and resultantly moves piston body  18  to dispel or fill material into or out of dispense cylinder  19 , may be the same for all component assemblies of the embodiment, but most preferably the speed would be able to be limited and controlled on a per component assembly basis as a function of the viscosity and rheological properties of the material and by the amount of material needing to be displaced. 
         [0065]    Upon reaching the target weight required of the component for the formulation, scale  29  would send a signal to HMI  29  which would cause the piston pressure actuator assembly to stop the upwards movement of piston drive plate  21 . HMI  29  would command piston gripper  20  to positively affix itself to piston body  18 . HMI  29  would command piston pressure actuator  22  to reverse its direction and move downwards a defined distance. The defined distance of downward movement of piston drive plate  21  is equal to the distance required to decrease the amount of pressure created throughout the embodiments due to the process of dispensing which would result in enough reduction in pressure to cause proportional dispense valve  26  to close. 
         [0066]    Each proportional dispense valve  26 , of which a single proportional dispense valve  26  is illustrated in  FIG. 5 , is a pressure responsive one-way valve of an elastomeric material that resides and is held fast in dispense valve housing  25 . Proportional dispense valve  26  opens rollingly when the force and pressure of material on it forces it open, and closes effectively and completely when the force and pressure exerted drops. Any and all elastomeric valves which open and close in response to a predetermined discharge force may be used with the invention. Silicone is the preferred material used for elastomeric valves; however, other materials may be used. 
         [0067]    Proportional dispense valve  26  (as seen in  FIG. 5 ) includes a valve head  30  that defines one or more slits  33  that form one or more flaps  35  and that shift outward (as seen as being towards the direction of the bottom of  FIG. 5 ) to cause a connector sleeve  31  to double over and extend rollingly, to thereby apply a pressure to the valve head  30  which assists in opening the valve orifice  32 . On release of pressure, valve orifice  32  closes and the valve head  30  shifts to a retracted position. Suitable valves are made by Liquid Molding Systems, Inc. under the trademark SureFlo, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,439,143 issued Aug. 8, 1995, 5,339,995 issued Aug. 23, 1994, and 5,213,236 issued May 25, 1993 are understood to describe these valves. The identified patents are incorporated by reference. One of skill in the art will understand that other configurations of the dispense valve may be used with the invention including those that define slits but do not necessarily open and close in the same manner as the illustrated dispense valve  26 , that is, do not open and close in a rolling and extending manner. Rather, valves that include slits to form flaps that open and close may be used with the invention. 
         [0068]    Dispense valve housing  25  may have a means of preventing valve orifice  32  from extending beyond its normally closed position thereby prohibiting air from entering into the area above dispense valve  26 . Dispense valve housing  25  utilizing such a means would result in creation of a “one-way” valve, thus allowing material to pass through dispense valve  26  in only one direction. The dispense valve  26  configured with the material containers, including the material bag, describe herein, improves upon the current container design by offering a means to cleanly and effectively stop the flow of a material from such container, thereby overcoming the known problems of the “stringing” of material from the current containers orifice and the ineffective means it provides for stopping the flow of material from the container orifice. 
         [0069]    Another use of the dispenser may be when the end-user requires the dispenser to provide small quantities of finished product to satisfy any given project requirements and to create the finished product in a commercially acceptable timeframe. For example, in the ink industry a printer may need to create enough of a custom color (i.e. 10.00 lbs. of finished product) to produce 10,000 sheets of finished printed pages. The end-user may require the dispenser to provide a small-volume of finished product using the small quantity method. 
         [0070]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , the small quantity method of using the dispenser may use a plurality of integral material reservoirs which use a component source in the form of the previously described material bag to supply material to a preferred or to an alternate valve, and thereafter through the dispenser embodiments as described below. 
         [0071]    The operator inserts material bag  8  (as in  FIG. 1 ) (which is pre-filled by the ink manufacturer with a material as required by the formulation being created) into the bag reservoir  7 . HMI  29  sends a signal to bag pressure actuator  3  (or any other device capable of exerting enough pressure on material container (material bag  8  described above)) to be able to force the component residing in the material container through the other embodiments as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0072]    For formulations requiring the small volume method of dispensing for any formulation, HMI  28  would signal supply valve  13  to open entirely and would signal dispense valve  23  to open entirely and would signal bag pressure actuator  3  to start. Pressure actuator  3  would move bag drive plate  4  upwards to locate and come into positive contact with bag plate  5  which in turn would press upwards and would move its component from material bag  8  through supply tube  12 , through supply valve  13 , through dispense tube connecting plate  15 A, into dispense cylinder  19 , through dispense valve  23 , through dispense tube  24 , through dispense valve housing  25  and, in having developed enough pressure throughout the embodiments described above, would cause proportional dispense valve  26  to open rollingly and material would pass through proportional dispense valve  26 , would pass through material sensor  26 A (a device used to detect the presence of a solid volume of material, which may be of video or beam-type) and into receiving container  27  which sits upon scale  28 . 
         [0073]    The container material bag  8  may have a spout clamp  10  (a spring-release clamp device that securely affixes the material bag  8  to the cylinder material reservoir cover  8 , assuring a leak-free connection) affixed to bag spout  9 . Cylinder material reservoir cover  11  becomes firmly attached to the dispenser and provides for a positive connecting point between bag reservoir  7  and tube supply  12 . Bag overlap seal  6 , being firmly attached to bag plate  5 , extends outwards beyond the diameter of bag plate  5  and is made from an elastomeric material, of which polyester is the most preferred, and comes in positive radial contact with the inside walls of bag reservoir  7  (most preferable tubular polyvinyl chloride, open at both ends, which is integrated into the dispenser and which receives and contains material bag  8 ) and prevents material bag  8  from by-passing bag plate  5  when pressure is exerted on bag plate  5  from bag drive plate  4  (which is driven by bag pressure actuator  3 ). 
         [0074]    When material in material bag  8  is fully expelled and when material bag  8  needs to be replaced the operator removes cylinder material reservoir cover  11  from the dispenser, releases spout clamp  10  from cylinder material reservoir cover  11  and from expelled material bag  8 , inserts replacement (filled) material bag  8  into bag reservoir  7 , connects spout clamp  10  to bag spout  9  and to cylinder material reservoir  11  and attaches cylinder material reservoir  11  to the dispenser. When a replacement material bag  8  is placed in bag reservoir  7 , spring  6 B, residing inside bag reservoir  7  and under bag plate  5 , is open throughout its center to allow for free passage of bag drive plate  4  through its open center. Spring  6 B presses upon the underside of bag plate  5  and resultantly presses filled material bag  8  upwards in bag reservoir  7  to prevent stress from exerting on bag spout  9  when filled material bag  8  is inserted in bag reservoir  7 . 
         [0075]    The piston assembly (as seen as an assembly in  FIG. 3  and as seen as individual embodiments in  FIG. 1 ) comprised of piston body  18  which may be formed in a manner to provide for a means of maintaining perpendicularity of the bottom of the piston body to the inside walls of dispense cylinder  19  through the use of a number of piston alignment rings  17  of varying dimension located between the piston seals  16  and a number of (most preferable two) piston seals  16  that reside within dispense cylinder  19 , and could, as an entire assembly, freely move upwards or freely move downwards in direction within dispense cylinder  19 . The piston assembly ( FIG. 3 ) is prevented from passing through the bottom of dispense cylinder  19  (as seen as being towards the direction of the bottom of  FIG. 1 ) through the use of piston stop ring  20 A (as shown in  FIG. 1 ). The piston assembly ( FIG. 3 ) is prevented from passing through the top of dispense cylinder  19  (as seen as being towards the direction of the top of  FIG. 1 ) through the use of dispense tube connecting plate  15 A (as shown in  FIG. 1 ). 
         [0076]    The piston assembly ( FIG. 3 ) may move downwards in direction within dispense cylinder  19  due to piston body  18  having pressure exerted onto the top of it by the component when the component is moved: 1) from alternate material reservoir  1  through the use of detached drum pump  2 , or 2) from material bag  8  through the use of bag pressure actuator  3 . Either source of material may cause the voided area created above the piston assembly caused by the downwards movement of the piston assembly in dispense cylinder  19  to fill with material. In either case, the filling of the void above the piston assembly and the downwards movement of the piston assembly may be assisted by the piston body  18 , when piston body  18  has piston gripper  20  firmly attached to it and when the piston assembly is drawn in a downwards direction by piston pressure actuator  22 . The downwards movement of the piston assembly may create a vacuum inside dispense cylinder  19  above piston body  18  and may assist in filling of the void created inside dispense cylinder  19  above piston body  18 . Piston alignment rings  17  would assure that piston body  18  travels in a parallel linear motion to dispense cylinder  19  sidewalls. Piston seals  16  would provide for a substantially leak-free contact between piston body  18  and the interior cylinder walls of dispense cylinder  19 . Piston seals  16  would prevent the component from bypassing piston body  18  and would cause to have component remain in the area of dispense cylinder  19  above piston body  18 . 
         [0077]    Two alternative embodiments to supply valve  13  and dispense valve  23  would be: 1) alternate 4-way valve  14 , or 2) alternate 3-way valve  15 . With either alternate embodiment to supply valve  13  and dispense valve  23 , bag pressure actuator  3  would move bag drive plate  4  upward to locate and come into positive contact with bag plate  5  which in turn would press upwards and would move the component from material bag  8  through supply tube  12  and through either: 1) alternate 4-way valve  14  which would, upon receiving a signal from HMI  29 , switch alternate 4-way valve  14  to direct the component to either: a) pass through dispense tube connecting plate  15 A into dispense cylinder  19  (when the small quantity method of dispensing is required to complete the component requirement of a formulation), or b) through dispense tube  24  and onwards through other embodiments as described above or 2) alternate 3-way valve  15  which would, upon receiving a signal from HMI  29 , switch alternate 3-way valve  15  to direct the component through dispense tube connecting plate  15 A and into dispense cylinder  19 . 
         [0078]    When HMI  29  receives a signal from scale  28  that the target value for the component (that uses the small volume method of dispensing) has been attained HMI  29  signals bag pressure actuator  3  to stop. 
         [0079]    HMI  29  would signal supply valve  13  to close, or would signal alternate 4-way valve  14  or alternate 3-way valve  15  to switch to direct material from dispense cylinder  19  to the direction of dispense tube  24 , and would signal piston pressure actuator assembly (as seen as an assembly in  FIG. 4  and as seen as individual embodiments in  FIG. 2 ) to move piston drive plate  21  (which has piston gripper  20  firmly attached to it) upward to locate and come into positive contact with piston body  18 . 
         [0080]    HMI  29  would signal piston pressure actuator assembly to move piston drive plate  21  upward a defined distance (which defined distance is equal to the amount of incremental movement of piston body  18  upward that would result in an amount of component being evacuated (from that amount of material residing above piston body  18  and in dispense tube  24 )) that would equal the component amount (as being an amount identified by HMI  29  and transmitted to scale  28 ) required to equal the total target amount required of that component for the formulation, minus the amount previously dispensed of that component in the dispense manner bypassing dispense cylinder  19  described above). Depending upon the allowable percentage of error (hereinafter referred to as “tolerance”) that any particular component may have (of which each tolerance value is related to the target amount of the required component) HMI  29  may require the dispenser to dispense component to an amount that is less than the overall required amount of the component. This process of dispensing an amount that is “short” of the required amount continues until the target value has been attained. The upwards movement of piston body  18  would cause component to move through dispense valve  23 , through dispense tube  24 , through dispense valve housing  25  and, in having developed enough pressure throughout the embodiments described above, would cause proportional dispense valve  26  to open rollingly and component would pass through proportional dispense valve  26 , would pass through material sensor  26 A and into receiving container  27  which sits upon scale  28 . 
         [0081]    The speed at which piston pressure actuator  22  moves upwards or downwards, and resultantly moves piston body  18  to dispel or fill material into or out of dispense cylinder  19 , may be the same for all component assemblies of the embodiment, but most preferably the speed would be able to be limited and controlled on a per component assembly basis as a function of the viscosity and rheological properties of the material and by the amount of material needing to be displaced. 
         [0082]    Upon reaching or not reaching the target weight required of the component for the formulation, HMI  29  would receive a reading from scale  28  and would determine whether to stop or not to stop the upwards movement piston pressure actuator  22  and its attached piston drive plate  21 . If the target value for the component was attained HMI  29  would command piston gripper  20  to positively affix itself to piston body  18 . HMI  29  would command piston pressure actuator  22  to reverse its direction and move downwards a defined distance. The defined distance of downward movement of piston drive plate  21  is equal to the distance required to decrease the amount of pressure created throughout the embodiments described above due to the process of dispensing. 
         [0083]    The pressure throughout the embodiments would be reduced to an amount equal zero, or to an amount of pressure less that zero, whichever is required to provide enough pressure in the reverse manner to cause proportional dispense valve  26  to close. 
         [0084]    In another aspect of the invention, referring to  FIG. 6 , an improved container  62 , such as a material cartridge, incorporates a proportional elastomeric dispense valve or pressure responsive dispense valve  26  into the discharging end  50  of the container and held fast to the discharge end  50  by a valve retaining ring  26 A ( FIG. 12 ). In an alternative embodiment, the dispense valve  26  is molded to the container  62  thus eliminating the need for a retaining ring. The dispense valve  26  opens and closes in response to a predetermined discharge force exerted on the stored material by a movable member such as a plunger puck  52  that forms a compression seal within the inner annular wall of the container  62 . In one embodiment, the dispense valve opens and closes in a rolling manner. In another embodiment, the dispense valve may include one or more slits and one or more flaps that may simply open and close. A pressure actuator, plunger or similar device may be used in a controlled manner to exert a force on the movable member (e.g., puck  52 ) to thereby allow the stored material in the container to precisely discharge from the container  62 . The pressure actuator, plunger or similar device may be manually operated or automated. 
         [0085]    Referring to  FIG. 7 , another exemplary container  62   a  is depicted which may be in the form of a caulk tube for dispensing caulk. As shown in this figure, the dispense valve  26  may be incorporated onto the discharge end of the container  62   a  and similar to above, the dispense valve  26  may open and close in response to a predetermined discharge force exerted on the stored material by a plunger device. As can be appreciated, the exemplary containers may take on numerous shapes, sizes and configurations, all of which are within the scope of the invention. 
         [0086]    Referring to  FIGS. 16 and 17 , the movable member, e.g., puck  52 , includes a number of seals, such as seals  62 ,  64  and  66  around an outside edge  68  of the puck. The seals may be configured in a number of different ways including the illustrated configuration and may comprise any number of seals including just one seal. In one embodiment, the seals extend outwardly from the outer edge  68  and serve as a means for scraping and effectively pressing the material out of the container  62  through the dispense valve  26  to allow the removal of nearly all the material from the container. Additionally, the puck  52  has a contoured or angled bottom surface  74  that at its center forms a convex center  70  that is configured to permit ample room for the dispense valve  26  (typically centered on the fixed end of the cartridge container as illustrated in  FIGS. 11 and 13 ) to close when the bottom surface  74  of the puck  52  comes in direct contact with the fixed end  50  of the container  62 . As illustrated by  FIGS. 13 and 14 , the contoured or angled bottom surface  74  is configured to mate up with the interior surface  76  of the fixed end  50  of the container  62  to decrease the amount of base material that may remain in the container after the bottom surface of the puck  52  comes in contact with the fixed end  50  of the container. Significantly, with this configuration, nearly all the base material in the container will be expelled from the container, thereby reducing if not eliminating material waste. It should be understood that the bottom surface  74  may define other configurations that still permit the complete dispensing of material from the container. Additionally, the principles of the puck  52  configuration may be applied to any movable member, such as a press plate  87  ( FIG. 9 ) or other structure, which can be used to push material out of a container. The puck  52  may be made of a plastic material, or any other suitable material. 
         [0087]    In another aspect of the invention, and referring to  FIG. 8 , a dispenser  60  may be used to dispense any given amount of material, according to a predetermined formulation, using an automated machine that may have a plurality of base material containers  62 , each of which may incorporate a pressure-responsive, proportional dispense value  26 . 
         [0088]    Conventionally, specific amounts of base material in the ink, colorants, coatings, foodservice and chemicals industries are often mixed together to create a different finished product. As described above, the process of combining any number of base materials together (blending a formula) has historically been accomplished by a number of methods, including: 1) manually adding a specific amount of a number of base materials from an existing container into a receiving container, according to a predetermined formulation or recipe; or 2) using a piece of equipment (automatic or semi-automatic) that adds the appropriate amount of base material into a receiving container, according to a predetermined formulation or receipt, through the use of computer or program logic controller along with any number of mechanical metering devices that meter, pump and/or control the flow and amount of material being dispensed into the receiving container. 
         [0089]    As stated above, the disadvantages with known dispensers is that the dispensers require the base materials to be transferred from a conventional container into a storage vessel that is integrated in the conventional dispenser and some dispensers require a container to be attached to the dispenser through the use of a hose, pump or press-plate from which the dispenser then draws the base material. As indicated above, both manners of supplying base material to the dispenser result in an undesirable amount of labor and creates a significant mess. In addition, when fully expelled, the conventional containers may have residual material remaining in them resulting in wasted material. 
         [0090]    In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention seeks to improve upon the ease of use of the known dispensers through the use of the dispenser  60  and a container  62  that incorporates the pressure responsive valve  26 . As described, the container  62  with the valve  26  is capable of effectively stopping the flow of the material through regulation of pressure applied to the material residing within the container. This allows the container to be placed into the exemplary dispenser  60 , as depicted in  FIG. 8 , without the need of mechanically connecting it with a hose, or other means, to the dispenser  60 . The exemplary container  62  may be of a shape and configuration similar to a Sonoco cartridge, a caulk tube, a material bag, as described herein, or any other shape or configuration. 
         [0091]    Referring to  FIG. 8 , the exemplary dispenser  60  is depicted. The dispenser  60  includes a rotary table  61  that holds a plurality of containers  62  on the rotary table  61 , which is housed in the dispenser  60 . In an exemplary application, each container  62  contains a single base material used in some combination with a blend of a custom formulation. 
         [0092]    The dispenser  60  also incorporates a computer  64  and a material sensor  71 . In use, the operator inputs into the computer  64  a value of the desired finished amount (weight) of a custom formulation to blend. The rotary table motor  70  rotates rotary table  61  and positions the container  62  required by the formulation to the dispense position, which is the area towards the front of the dispenser  60 , under a pressure actuator  65  and above material sensor  71 . The pressure actuator  65  may or may not have a plate attached to the end of the actuating shaft (such as plate  87  shown in  FIG. 9 ), depending on which type of container  62  is being used in the dispenser  60 . The computer  64  sends a signal to an HMI  66  which instructs the pressure actuator  65  to apply downward pressure on the container  62 , and more specifically onto the puck  52  configured within one end of the container  62  (as shown in  FIG. 10 ). The maximum amount of pressure allowable, based on the amount required to expel, is exerted by the pressure actuator  65  onto the puck  52  in the container  62  resulting in base material expelling through an orifice found on each container  62 , in which a proportional pressure responsive dispense valve  26  is fixed and through or past a material sensor  71 . The base material is expelled into a receiving container  67  residing on a scale  68 . 
         [0093]    As base material is expelled through valve  26 , the valve will open rollingly to permit the base material to flow through, and the base material is sensed by the sensor  71  which, along with the scale  68  sends information to the HMI  66  and computer  64  to increase, decrease or discontinue the pressure being applied to the puck  52  in the container  62  by the pressure actuator  65 . When the weight of base material being expelled into receiving container  67  achieves a predetermined weight, the computer  64  and HMI  66  may send a signal to the pressure actuator  65  to expel a minimal amount of base material from the container  62  (commonly referred to as “pulsing”) in order to expel small amounts of base material to “pulse” up to the required base material amount as determined as a percentage of the total amount of custom formulation entered into the computer  64 . The same process is completed for each base material required of the custom formulation. 
         [0094]    In another embodiment, the dispenser may hold one or a plurality of containers in a linear configuration and, within each resides a single base material which, if required of a desired formulation, in some calculated proportion, is used. As above, each material container can be positioned under a pressure actuator. However, with this embodiment, the containers are moved under the pressure actuator  65 , or the pressure actuator is moved over the containers in a linear manner, as opposed to the above-described rotary manner shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . The dispenser may also include an HMI  66 , a scale  68  and a feedback sensor  71 . The method of use may be similar to the method described above with respect to the rotary table configuration depicted in  FIG. 8 . 
         [0095]    Yet another exemplary embodiment of the dispenser holds one or a plurality of containers in either a linear configuration (through the use of a linear slide) or a rotary configuration (through the use of a rotary table) and, within each resides a single base material which, if required of a desired formulation, in some calculated proportion, is used. Each container can be manually positioned by the operator under a pressure actuator. The dispenser may also include an HMI  66 , a scale  68  and a feedback sensor  71 . Again, the method of use is similar to that described above. 
         [0096]    Still another exemplary embodiment of the dispenser holds one or a plurality of containers in either a linear configuration (through the use of a linear slide) or a rotary configuration (through the use of a rotary table) and, within each resides a single base material which, if required of a desired formulation, in some calculated proportion, is used. Each container is manually positioned by the operator under a pressure actuator, such as actuator  65 . The dispenser may also include an HMI  66  and a scale  68 . In this method of use, the operator inputs into the HMI a value of the desired finished amount of a custom formulation to blend. The HMI calculates the total weight of each of the base material components required to create the target amount. The operator then positions a container to the dispense position which is the area under a pressure actuator. The pressure actuator is manually activated by the operator to apply downward pressure on the movable puck which pushes the base material through a proportional pressure responsive dispense valve that opens and closes in a rolling manner into a receiving container residing on a scale. As the base material is expelled through the dispense valve and falls into the receiving container the base material is weighed by the scale and the operator may increase, decrease or discontinue the pressure being manually applied to the puck in the material container by the pressure actuator to provide the calculated amount. When the operator discontinues applying pressure to the pressure actuator the dispense valve effectively stops expelling the base component from the material container. The operator then reads the scale value and determines if more base material is required to reach the calculated amount. The operator repeats the above steps until the calculated amount required of the formulation is attained. When the calculated amount is attained the operator positions the next material container required of the formulation, if another is required, into a position under the pressure actuator and repeats the process until the calculated amount of each base material components of the required formulation have been dispensed into the receiving container. 
         [0097]    Yet another embodiment of the dispenser holds a single material container in which resides a single base material which, if required of a desired formulation, in some calculated proportion, is used. Each material container is manually inserted by the operator into the dispense position under the pressure actuator. The dispenser may also include an HMI  66 , a scale  68  and a feedback sensor  71 . In one method of use, the operator inputs into the HMI a value of the desired finished amount, i.e., the target amount in a value of total weight, of a custom formulation to blend. The HMI calculates the total weight of each of the base material components required to create the target amount. The pressure actuator applies downward pressure on the movable puck which pushes the base material through a proportional pressure responsive dispense valve that opens and closes in a rolling manner into a receiving container residing on a scale. As the base material is expelled through the valve, the base material is sensed by a sensor which, along with the scale, sends feedback information to the HMI to increase, decrease or discontinue the pressure being applied to the puck in the material container by the pressure actuator to provide the calculated amount. If the amount of base material expelled does not equal the calculated amount the HMI recalculates the amount of base material required (the “recalculated amount”), recalculates the amount of pressure required of the pressure actuator to attain the recalculated amount, and sends a signal to the pressure actuator to expel the recalculated amount of base material from the material container. The process of expelling a base amount, receiving feedback from the sensor and the scale, calculating if more base material is required and, if required, recalculating the amount of pressure required of the pressure actuator to attain the total recalculated amount continues until the calculated amount is attained. When the calculated amount is attained the operator removes the material container and inserts the next material container required of the formulation, if another is required, into a position under the pressure actuator and repeats the process until the calculated amount of each base material components of the required formulation have been dispensed into the receiving container. 
         [0098]    Still another exemplary embodiment of the dispenser holds a single container within resides a single base material which, if required of a desired formulation, in some calculated proportion, is used. Each container is manually positioned by the operator under a pressure actuator. The dispenser may also include an HMI  66  and a scale  68 . In this method of use, the operator inputs into the HMI a target amount of the desired finished amount of a custom formulation to blend. The HMI calculates the total weight of each of the base material components required to create the target amount. The operator then positions a container to the dispense position which is the area under a pressure actuator. The pressure actuator is manually activated by the operator to apply downward pressure on the movable puck which pushes the base material through a proportional pressure responsive dispense valve that opens and closes in a rolling manner into a receiving container residing on a scale. As the base material is expelled through the dispense valve and falls into the receiving container the base material is weighed by the scale and the operator may increase, decrease or discontinue the pressure being manually applied to the puck in the material container by the pressure actuator to provide the calculated amount. When the operator discontinues applying pressure to the pressure actuator the dispense valve effectively stops expelling the base component from the material container. The operator then reads the scale value and determines if more base material is required to reach the calculated amount. The operator repeats the above steps until the calculated amount required of the formulation is attained. When the calculated amount is attained the operator positions the next material container required of the formulation, if another is required, into a position under the pressure actuator and repeats the process until the calculated amount of each base material components of the required formulation have been dispensed into the receiving container. 
         [0099]    The methods of dispensing custom formulations described herein provide a more cost effective means of creating custom formulations in a timelier manner. The methods also reduce operator handling due to the fact that the operator doesn&#39;t need to scoop the paste-type ink from a bucket. As known, the operator may need to physically scoop fractional amounts of ink when adjusting the quantity of ink in the formulation container to arrive at the target weight. With the invention, the bag and containers described herein, with their pressure-sensitive proportional valve attached, cleanly cuts the ink and does not requiring operator handling. Additionally, an operator can minimize the wasted material through accurate operation of the present invention. Residual material waste is limited to the amount of material remaining in the spent bag or container. Also, shipping and storage costs are decreased with the present invention due to bag light weight and compact empty state, saving in both shipping weight costs and required facility storage space for both filled and empty containers. Further, the cubic inches required for disposal of a spent bag is decreased with the current invention and is significantly smaller than any of the current material containers used. Still further, with respect to the material bags, the bag uses ½ th  the amount of plastic in its construction as compared to a typical plastic bucket handling a similar amount of material. Using the bag as a storage and dispensing container there will be less of an impact on the environment at disposal.