Abstract:
This invention discloses a communication device to facilitate the communication abilities of speech-impaired individuals. In particular, the communication device is designed to offer those speech-impaired individuals with limited manual motor capacities the ability to communicate quickly and unambiguously.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0002]     This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/081,027, filed Feb. 21, 2002. This invention relates to a communication device to facilitate the communication abilities of speech-impaired individuals. In particular, the communication device is designed to offer those speech-impaired individuals with limited manual motor capacities the ability to communicate quickly and unambiguously.  
         [0003]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0004]     Communication between a speech-impaired individual and someone without this handicap is generally difficult and frustrating for both parties. Communication must be quick and accurate to avoid frustration on the part of the communicating parties. While sign language satisfy both of these requirements, it presents other disadvantages. Like any language it has a learning curve and is thus more suited for speech-impaired individuals who has had this impediment since an early age. Also, it requires learning on the part of the non-handicapped person or an interpreter. Lastly, speech-impaired individuals with limited manual motor capacities, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig&#39;s disease) patients, may not be capable of the vigorous gesturing involved in sign language.  
         [0005]     There are several devices on the market to facilitate communication by a speech-impaired individual but they all fall short in terms of either quickness or accuracy. One device in the prior art has the user arranging tiles with symbols into a pictorial sentence. Such a device presents an inevitable tradeoff between quickness and accuracy; a small set of tiles would not adequately portray many concepts, while a large set of tiles would be cumbersome to manipulate. Also, speech-impaired individuals with limited manual motor capacities may lack the dexterity to use this device.  
         [0006]     Another device has the symbols arranged in a circle with a pointer projecting from the center of the circle. A lever controlling a ratcheting mechanism moves the pointer to the next symbol in either a clockwise or anti-clockwise direction. However, the same limiting tradeoff between quickness and accuracy is readily discernible in this setup.  
         [0007]     Yet another communication device has an aperture through which an observer can follow the eye movement of a speech-impaired individual to determine a symbol or an alphabet on a chart that the latter is viewing. This method is prone to observer error and thus unreliable. Also, this device allows the speech-impaired individual to communicate with only one other person.  
         [0008]     The ALS society has a laptop computer with an input device that detects an ALS patient&#39;s eyelid movement. A patient uses this device to manipulate a pointer over a chart displayed on the laptop&#39;s screen. Unfortunately this input device has two shortcomings that make it difficult to use. First, its lengthy calibration process means that even a relatively simple communication, such as requesting a sip of water, must be burdened with a huge time overhead. Second, natural movements of the patient&#39;s head easily upsets its calibration. As a result, the detection is rather erratic.  
         [0009]     Accordingly, there is a need for a communication device for speech-impaired individuals to quickly and accurately communicate their needs and desires. To achieve this end, such a device must be intuitive, both for the speech-impaired individual to use, and for the non-handicapped person to comprehend. There must be no significant time overhead due to calibration. Also, this device must be capable of being operated by those handicapped individuals with limited manual motor capacities to maximize its range of applications. These are the objectives of the present invention.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0010]     The present invention has been developed to address the needs which remain in the art, as discussed above. Specifically, it is directed towards a communication device to facilitate the communication abilities of speech-impaired individuals, including those with limited manual motor capabilities.  
         [0011]     The preferred embodiment comprises a light emitting pointer, affixed on an individual and articulated by manual motor movements of said individual to indicate characters and symbols on charts. It can be appreciated that the individual may use the communication device to indicate other objects within his field of vision. Preferably, the light emitting pointer is a Class II laser pointer, as Class II lasers are exempt from control measures. Ideally the laser pointer is attached to an arm of the eyeglasses frame worn by the individual, with a wire running to a separate power compartment to minimize the mass that has to be articulated by the individual. The individual can thus intuitively aim the pointer with slight movements of his head. Alternatively the pointer may be affixed to other body parts over which the individual has manual motor control, via items such as hats, rings and wristbands. The pointer is usually articulated via the user&#39;s body movements at a point proximal to the point of attachment of the pointer, where proximal means closer to the center of the user&#39;s body.  
         [0012]     Multiple charts enable the individual to communicate a full range of concepts. A basic chart with the alphabet and numbers allows the individual to spell out words. Frequent requests such as a drink of water or assistance with toilet use may be included as symbols on this chart for convenience. Another chart with a diagram of the human body can be used by the individual to call attention to parts of his body in communicating with a caregiver. Additional charts tailored to the communicating individual needs can be made and modified on an ad hoc basis, such as one covering the individual&#39;s dietary and medicinal needs. The symbols are labeled to allow unambiguous communication.  
         [0013]     The communication device as disclosed in certain embodiments allows a speech-impaired individual to communicate quickly and accurately with multiple persons. The device and its method of use is intuitive to use and understand. It presents no calibration issues. Furthermore, the device may be cheaply manufactured from readily available components. For speech-impaired individuals with limited manual motor capabilities this device is particularly advantageous as it requires only small, natural body movements to articulate.  
         [0014]     Although the challenges facing a speech-impaired individual have thus far been used as examples, there are other analogous situations in which communication via regular speech present difficulties. Examples include communication in noisy environments, with a person who is hard of hearing, and between persons speaking different languages or dialects. These “speech-impaired” situations do not necessarily involve persons with speech impediments or physical handicaps. It can be appreciated that the communication device disclosed in this invention allows quick and unambiguous communication in these “speech-impaired” situations as well.  
         [0015]     Advances in electronics and computer technology enable certain embodiments to be adapted for communication between users and other equipment, such as computers or other devices and appliances. This communication allows users to control and operate such other equipment.  
         [0016]     Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0017]      FIGS. 1   a  and  1   b  show a user using an embodiment of the nonverbal communication device.  
         [0018]      FIG. 2   a  is a basic chart that may be used with the nonverbal communication device.  
         [0019]      FIGS. 2   b  and  2   c  are other examples of charts that may be used with the nonverbal communication device.  
         [0020]      FIG. 3  shows in detail the preferred embodiment of the nonverbal communication device, without the user.  
         [0021]      FIG. 4  shows an embodiment of the power compartment of the nonverbal communication device. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0022]     The method of using a communication device constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown in  FIGS. 1   a  and  1   b  of the drawings. This communication device  10  comprises a laser module  12 , an attachment device  14  for affixing the laser module on the user, an electric wire  16  leading from the laser module  12  to a power compartment  18  powering the laser module  12 . The user aims a laser beam  22  emitted from the laser module  12  via body movements at a character or symbol on a chart  20  to communicate with a viewer.  
         [0023]      FIG. 2   a  is an example of the chart  20 . It represents a basic chart through which the user can communicate with a viewer. It has alphabetical characters  50  with which the user can spell the words to be communicated to the viewer. It can be appreciated that these alphabetical characters  50  may be arranged in a QWERTY format for users who are familiar with the standard keyboard layout. The alphabetical characters  50  include punctuation. Also included on this chart is a label “NEW WORD”  52  that the user can point at to indicate the space or break between two words. Frequently used words  54 , such as “YES”, “NO”, “DONE” and numerical characters  56  are also included on this chart. Frequent communications, such as requests for water or assistance with toilet use can also be included as symbols  58  on this chart for convenience.  
         [0024]      FIGS. 2   b  and  2   c  are other examples of chart  20 . These include more symbols representing frequent communications, and a diagram of the human body  60  for the user to call attention to parts of his body in communicating with a caregiver. The symbols are also labeled with labels  62  in plain English to allow unambiguous communication, even with viewers who are not too familiar with the method of using the communication device  10 . It can be appreciated that more than one of these charts  20  may be displayed before the user to allow him the broadest range of communication.  
         [0025]      FIG. 3  shows the part of the communication device  10  worn by the user. A laser module  12  is affixed to the user by an attachment device  14 . Preferably a class II laser diode is used in the laser module  12  as Class II lasers are exempt from control measures. The preferred attachment device  14  are the user&#39;s eyeglasses  100 . The laser module  12  is reversibly secured to an arm  102  of the user&#39;s eyeglasses  100  via O-rings  104  or other means. A power compartment  18  powers the laser module  12  via an electric wire  16 . Preferably the power compartment  18  is not secured to the attachment device  14 , in order to minimize the mass that has to be articulated by the user. Also a warning label  106  regarding eye damage due to prolonged direct viewing of the laser may be placed on the power compartment  18 . It can be appreciated that other attachment devices not shown here, for example, a wristband, a ring, or a hat, would just as easily allow the practice of this invention.  
         [0026]      FIG. 4  is an embodiment of the power compartment  18 . The internal schematic view of the power compartment  18  is shown, with the battery cover  200  removed. Alternatively, a hinged battery cover attached to the power compartment  18  may be used. The battery cover  200  covers a battery housing  202  which houses one or more batteries  204 . Preferably two AA or two AAA batteries connected in series are used to provide the ideal voltage of 3V. Operating the laser module  12  at 3V puts it well within the 1 mW limit of class II laser devices. The power compartment  18  also comprises a power switch  206  and an optional dimmer control  208  to regulate the brightness of the laser. Both power switches and dimmer switches are simple electric devices well known in the prior art. Preferably the dimmer control  208  is accessible only via a small opening  210  to prevent accidental adjustments of the brightness of the laser.  
         [0027]     While embodiments and applications of this invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. It is, therefor, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents, this invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described above.