Abstract:
An apparatus is operable with a host and a data storage component for controlling expansion of storage, and comprises: an allocating component responsive to a user input for allocating an expanded target storage space to a file system element to thereby make an expanded file system element; a file system metadata component for maintaining file system metadata including metadata for said expanded file system element; a file system I/O component responsive to said file system metadata component for controlling file system I/O between said host and said storage component; and a synchronizing component responsive to said file system metadata component for synchronizing data between a source storage space and said expanded target storage space; wherein said file system I/O component is operable to use said file system metadata component to access said expanded file system element prior to completion of action of said synchronizing component.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to technology for controlling data storage systems, and more particularly for controlling the non-disruptive expansion of file systems, or of elements within file systems, when additional space is provided in a storage system. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Data storage systems store customer data in file systems, which have their physical embodiment in storage on, for example, disk, tape, or in memory. The present invention relates to such storage systems, which may comprise disk storage, such as computer hard disks. It will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art, however, that other storage devices, including, but not limited to, tape and flash memory devices, may also be included in such a system. 
         [0003]    When desktop users run out of space on their hard disks, they want more. It is not always an option to just add a second hard disk in the long term, so the original hard disk must be replaced with a larger one. Doing so requires the operating system to be reinstalled as well as all of the user&#39;s existing data to be copied across. This typically requires downtime on the part of the user&#39;s computer—it can often take the best part of a day to perform all of the necessary work to do this migration. In this context ‘downtime’ refers to both the time the computer is required to be powered down (to physically add the second disk) and the time the users are unable to perform their usual work because data is being moved, or because software programs and the like are being reinstalled. 
         [0004]    One option is to use software RAID to mirror the data of the original disk to the new disk (RAID 1). However this has the limitation that it provides an exact mirror of the original disk, and so the additional space cannot be added to the existing file systems until the disks are synchronised and the RAID relationship has been removed. 
         [0005]    It is well known in the enterprise-level systems art to provide means for migrating data, as such, from one storage medium to another. The second medium may be larger, providing extra space which can later be used by file systems or partitions. In some cases, such a migration may be arranged to minimise disruption and downtime of large commercial data processing systems. Examples are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,832,289, 5,835,954 and 6,230,239. None of these, however, discloses or contemplates any provision for the allocation of the newly-acquired expanded storage space to partitions or file systems until after completion of the migration. 
         [0006]    A product such as PartitionMagic™ (PartitionMagic is a trademark of Symantec Corporation) allows users to manage their partitions and disks. However, this management activity cannot be done as a background task, and so a large amount of downtime is still required. 
         [0007]    In the light of the problems detailed above, it would be highly desirable to have a technological means for permitting a user to control the non-disruptive expansion and space allocation of file systems, or of elements within file systems, when additional space is provided in a storage system. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    The present invention accordingly provides, in a first aspect, an apparatus operable with a host and a data storage component for controlling expansion of storage, comprising: an allocating component responsive to a user input for allocating an expanded target storage space to a file system element to thereby make an expanded file system element; a file system metadata component for maintaining file system metadata including metadata for said expanded file system element; a file system I/O component responsive to said file system metadata component for controlling file system I/O between said host and said storage component; and a synchronizing component responsive to said file system metadata component for synchronizing data between a source storage space and said expanded target storage space; wherein said file system I/O component is operable to use said file system metadata component to access said expanded file system element prior to completion of action of said synchronizing component. 
         [0009]    Preferably, said file system element is a file system hierarchy. 
         [0010]    Preferably, said target storage space comprises a partition. 
         [0011]    Preferably, said host comprises a personal computer. 
         [0012]    Preferably, said data storage component comprises a hard disk. 
         [0013]    Preferably, said file system metadata component comprises a bitmap. 
         [0014]    Preferably, said file system metadata component is stored in reserved storage. 
         [0015]    Preferably, said synchronizing component is operable as a background processing component. 
         [0016]    Preferably, said synchronizing component is operable at a selectable priority of operation. 
         [0017]    In a second aspect, there is provided a method operable in a system with a host and a data storage component for controlling expansion of storage, comprising the steps of: allocating, responsive to a user input, an expanded target storage space to a file system element to thereby make an expanded file system element; maintaining file system metadata including metadata for said expanded file system element; responsive to said file system metadata, controlling file system I/O between said host and said storage component; and responsive to said file system metadata component, synchronizing data between a source storage space and said expanded target storage space; wherein controlling said file system I/O comprises using said file system metadata to access said expanded file system element prior to completion said step of synchronizing data. 
         [0018]    Preferably, said file system element is a file system hierarchy. 
         [0019]    Preferably, said target storage space comprises a partition. 
         [0020]    Preferably, said host comprises a personal computer. 
         [0021]    Preferably, said data storage component comprises a hard disk. 
         [0022]    Preferably, said file system metadata comprises a bitmap. 
         [0023]    Preferably, said file system metadata is stored in reserved storage. 
         [0024]    Preferably, said step of synchronizing component is operable as a background process. 
         [0025]    Preferably, said step of synchronizing is operable at a selectable priority of operation. 
         [0026]    In a third aspect, there is provided a data carrier having functional data thereon, said functional data comprising functional computer data structures to, when loaded into a computer system and operated upon thereby, enable said computer system to perform all the steps of a method according to the second aspect. 
         [0027]    In a fourth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising computer program code to, when loaded into a computer system and executed thereon, cause said computer system to perform all the steps of a method according to the second aspect. 
         [0028]    Preferred embodiments of the invention thus contemplate, in their broadest aspect, a technical framework for permitting a user to control the non-disruptive expansion and space allocation of file systems, or of elements within file systems, when additional space is provided in a storage system. 
         [0029]    A preferred embodiment of the invention thus provides a method by which a hard disk and the file systems on it can be mirrored to a second drive and by which the extra space of the second drive, allocated according to the user&#39;s preferences, can be made available for use within those file systems immediately. 
         [0030]    The mirroring action may occur as a background computer operation, and so requires minimal downtime of the computer. 
         [0031]    The additional space may be made available on the second drive before the mirroring is complete. 
         [0032]    Once the mirroring is complete, the original disk may be taken out of use, and may be removed at the user&#39;s discretion. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0033]    A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawing figures, in which: 
           [0034]      FIG. 1  shows in schematic form an arrangement of apparatus in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0035]      FIG. 2  shows in flowchart form one method or one logic arrangement by which a method of operation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention may be implemented. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0036]      FIG. 1  shows in schematic form an exemplary arrangement of apparatus in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0037]    In a preferred embodiment of the present invention in the form of an arrangement of apparatus, as shown in  FIG. 1 , there is provided a migrator  100 , operatively connected to a user I/O component  102 , and to a storage component  112 , comprising storage devices  114 ,  116 . The system of the preferred embodiment is positioned at a level between the operating system and the disks and so is able to intercept the I/O performed to the disks. 
         [0038]    Migrator  100  comprises an allocator  104 , operable to accept user requests from user I/O component  102  for allocation of space to file systems or file system elements. Allocator  104  provides a configuration interface to the user to choose how the migration should be done. 
         [0039]    Migrator  100  further comprises a file system metadata component  106  for maintaining metadata descriptive of the state (for example, a bitmap showing whether a data item has been copied or not yet copied) of any file systems and file system elements that are subject to migration using the preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0040]    Migrator  100  also comprises a synchronizer component  108  for synchronizing the data between the source storage device, in the example, storage device  114  and the target storage device, in the example, storage device  116 , based on the data supplied by file system metadata component  106 . Information from the file system metadata component  106  and synchronizer component  108  is used to control the activities of file system I/O component  110 , which performs I/O activities to the storage devices  114 ,  116  in the storage component  112 . 
         [0041]    The basic flow for the migration process is broadly as follows:
       1. A user decides to migrate to a larger disk.   2. The larger disk is connected to the computer; this may require the machine to be shut down.   3. The user is then able to select how the migration should occur for each of the file systems on the disk. The main user-selectable option is how the additional space of the new disk should be distributed across the existing file systems. A further option may be the rate at which the synchronisation should occur in the background. Further refinements and additions to these basic options will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the programming art.       
 
         [0045]    In the example shown in  FIG. 1 , file system A is to be migrated from storage device  114  to storage device  116  with the additional space B made available so the file system on storage device  116  will comprise the larger space A′+B. 
         [0046]    Once the user has chosen how the migrations should occur, he or she can then initiate the migration. Once any expanded space allocations have been made and migration has been initiated, the file system metadata held by file system metadata component  106  is modified as appropriate (by expansion, for example) for the particular file system so that the file system can determine that additional space has been made available for particular file system elements. From the user&#39;s perspective, the file system is now of the larger size and is completely available for use. 
         [0047]    Invisibly to the user, synchronizer component  108  of the migrator  100  is actively synchronising the contents of the file system as stored on storage devices  114  and  116 . This is done as follows:
       1. Any I/O (read or write) that is addressed to a block in the B portion of the file system is sent to storage device  116  by the file system I/O component  110 .   2. Any read that is addressed to a block in the A portion of the file system is sent to storage device  114  by the file system I/O component  110  to be satisfied from A.   3. Metadata (for example, a bitmap) is maintained by file system metadata component  106  of which blocks of A have been mirrored to AT   4. Any write that is addressed to a block in the A portion of the file system is sent by the file system I/O component  110  to both the source storage device  114  to be written to A and to the target storage device  116  to be written to A′; it is not completed until both writes are complete. The bitmap is then updated by file system metadata component  106  to mark this block as being in synchronization.   5. A background process under control of synchronizer component  108  runs through the bitmap (at a priority rate that may be specified by the user when setting up the migration) to copy any unsynchronized data from A to AT by initiating writes by file system I/O component  110 . The bitmap is updated by file system metadata component  106  to record the progress of this synchronization.   6. Once the bitmap processing under control of synchronizer component  108  is complete the system determines that A and  AT  are now synchronised. The storage device containing A is now no longer required, and so the system can start solely using the new storage device.       
 
         [0054]    As will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art, if the storage device that is to be migrated is the system&#39;s boot device, the Master Boot Record will also have to be copied to the new device and altered where necessary to reflect the expanded partitions, in addition to the previously-described copying of the file systems on the storage device.
       7. The user is prompted that the old disk is no longer actively being used and so it can be removed.       
 
         [0056]    The preferred embodiment of the present invention in the form of an apparatus thus advantageously provides for the non-disruptive expansion of file systems, or of elements within file systems, when additional space is provided in a storage system. 
         [0057]    The bitmap that is used to track the migration progress may be stored on the new disk in a reserved area not available to the user. By keeping this information on disk in this way, the user is able to shut down the computer without losing track of the migration progress, which can thus be resumed at a later time. 
         [0058]    Turning now to  FIG. 2 , there is shown in flowchart form one method or one logic arrangement in which a method of operation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention may be implemented. 
         [0059]    In  FIG. 2 , following START step  200 , at step  202  a target storage device is activated. At step  204 , user input is accepted to determine the allocations of target storage space to file systems (or, in an alternative that will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art, of file system elements). 
         [0060]    At step  206 , file system metadata is modified to reflect the allocations of target storage space to file systems resulting from step  204 . At step  208 , I/O-initiated synchronization is started, and file system I/O is enabled at step  210 . At step  212 , background synchronization is enabled and continues in parallel with I/O-initiated synchronization until the file system metadata indicates that synchronization is completed at step  214 . At step  216 , the source storage device is “released” and may be taken offline, as it is no longer needed. The process completes at END step  218 . 
         [0061]    The preferred embodiment of the present invention in the form of a method or logic arrangement thus advantageously provides for the non-disruptive expansion of file systems, or of elements within file systems, when additional space is provided in a storage system. 
         [0062]    It will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art that all or part of the method of the preferred embodiments of the present invention may suitably and usefully be embodied in a logic apparatus, or a plurality of logic apparatus, comprising logic elements arranged to perform the steps of the method and that such logic elements may comprise hardware components, firmware components or a combination thereof. 
         [0063]    It will be equally clear to one of skill in the art that all or part of a logic arrangement according to the preferred embodiments of the present invention may suitably be embodied in a logic apparatus comprising logic elements to perform the steps of the method, and that such logic elements may comprise components such as logic gates in, for example a programmable logic array or application-specific integrated circuit. Such a logic arrangement may further be embodied in enabling elements for temporarily or permanently establishing logic structures in such an array or circuit using, for example, a virtual hardware descriptor language, which may be stored and transmitted using fixed or transmittable carrier media. 
         [0064]    It will be appreciated that the method and arrangement described above may also suitably be carried out fully or partially in software running on one or more processors (not shown in the figures), and that the software may be provided in the form of one or more computer program elements carried on any suitable data-carrier (also not shown in the figures) such as a magnetic or optical disk or the like. Channels for the transmission of data may likewise comprise storage media of all descriptions as well as signal-carrying media, such as wired or wireless signal-carrying media. 
         [0065]    The present invention may further suitably be embodied as a computer program product for use with a computer system. Such an implementation may comprise a series of computer-readable instructions either fixed on a tangible medium, such as a computer readable medium, for example, diskette, CD-ROM, ROM, or hard disk, or transmittable to a computer system, via a modem or other interface device, over either a tangible medium, including but not limited to optical or analogue communications lines, or intangibly using wireless techniques, including but not limited to microwave, infrared or other transmission techniques. The series of computer readable instructions embodies all or part of the functionality previously described herein. 
         [0066]    Those skilled in the art will appreciate that such computer readable instructions can be written in a number of programming languages for use with many computer architectures or operating systems. Further, such instructions may be stored using any memory technology, present or future, including but not limited to, semiconductor, magnetic, or optical, or transmitted using any communications technology, present or future, including but not limited to optical, infrared, or microwave. It is contemplated that such a computer program product may be distributed as a removable medium with accompanying printed or electronic documentation, for example, shrink-wrapped software, pre-loaded with a computer system, for example, on a system ROM or fixed disk, or distributed from a server or electronic bulletin board over a network, for example, the Internet or World Wide Web. 
         [0067]    In an alternative, the preferred embodiment of the present invention may be realized in the form of computer implemented method of deploying a service comprising steps of deploying computer program code operable to, when deployed into a computer infrastructure and executed thereon, cause said computer system to perform all the steps of the described method. 
         [0068]    It will be clear to one skilled in the art that many improvements and modifications can be made to the foregoing exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the present invention.