Abstract:
A ferroelectric memory includes a well region, which is defined in a semiconductor substrate and extends in a direction, a bit line also extending in the direction and a source line also extending in the direction. First, second and third memory cells are formed in this order on the well region and arranged in the direction. A first active region electrically connects the first memory cell and the bit line together. A second active region electrically connects the first memory cell and the source line together. A third active region electrically connects the second memory cell and the bit line together. A fourth active region electrically connects the second memory cell and the source line together. A fifth active region electrically connects the third memory cell and the bit line together. And a sixth active region electrically connects the third memory cell and the source line together. The first and third active regions are the same active region, and the fourth and sixth active regions are the same active region.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention generally relates to a ferroelectric memory, and more particularly relates to a ferroelectric memory including field effect transistors (FETs). In each of the FETS, source/drain regions are defined and spaced apart from each other on the surface of a well region within a semiconductor substrate. And a gate electrode is also formed over a channel between the source/drain regions in the well with a ferroelectric gate insulating film interposed therebetween.  
           [0002]    Hereinafter, a known ferroelectric memory of the type disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 8-3166440, for example, will be described with reference to FIGS. 21, 22,  23 ,  24  and  25 . FIG. 21 illustrates an overall arrangement for a memory array in the known ferroelectric memory. FIG. 22 illustrates a planar layout for part of the memory array shown in FIG. 21, e.g., well contact region ( 1 ) and array block ( 11 ). FIG. 23 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 22. FIG. 24 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 23. And FIG. 25 illustrates an equivalent circuit of the known ferroelectric memory.  
           [0003]    As shown in FIG. 21, multiple array blocks are arranged to form a matrix, i.e., in a number m of rows and a number n of columns. The number m of array blocks, belonging to the same column, shares a single well region.  
           [0004]    As shown in FIGS. 22, 23 and  24 , multiple well regions  1 , extending in one direction and in parallel to each other, are defined in a semiconductor substrate. In addition, multiple well isolating regions  2  are also defined to extend in the same direction and in parallel to each other. In this manner, each of the well regions  1  is electrically isolated from horizontally adjacent ones by the associated pair of well isolating regions  2 . Also, on the surface of each well region  1 , multiple element isolating regions (e.g., field oxide regions)  9  are defined at regular intervals.  
           [0005]    As shown in FIG. 24, first and second active regions  7 S and  7 D (to be source/drain regions, respectively) are defined between adjacent ones of the element isolating regions  9  on the surface of each well region  1  with a channel region  8  interposed between these regions  7 S and  7 D. As shown in FIG. 22, the first active regions  7 S, belonging to the same column, are electrically connected to a source line  5  of aluminum, for example, which extends over and along associated one of the well isolating regions  2 . In the same way, the second active regions  7 D, belonging to the same column, are electrically connected to a bit line  4  of aluminum, for example, which also extends over and along associated one of the well isolating regions  2 .  
           [0006]    As shown in FIG. 24, the channel region  8  is located between each pair of (i.e., first and second) active regions  7 S and  7 D. Although not shown, a gate electrode is formed over the channel region  8  with a gate ferroelectric insulating thin film (which will be herein referred to simply as a “ferroelectric gate insulating film”) interposed therebetween. A word line  3 , which extends over the well and well isolating regions  1  and  2  vertically to these regions  1  and  2 , is electrically connected to the gate electrodes on the same row. It should be noted that a ferroelectric thin film, which has been formed in the same process step as the gate insulating film for MFSFETs (metal ferroelectric semiconductor FETs)  6 , is interposed between these well and well isolating regions  1 ,  2  and the word line  3 .  
           [0007]    In this manner, MFSFETs  6 , each being made up of the first and second active regions  7 S and  7 D, channel region  8 , gate insulating film and gate electrode, are formed at intersections between each word line  3  and the respective well regions  1 . As used herein, the MFSFET  6  is a field effect transistor including a ferroelectric gate insulating film.  
           [0008]    Also, a well contact region  10  is provided on the surface of one end (e.g., the lower end) of each well region  1  and is electrically connected to an associated source line  5 .  
           [0009]    In the known ferroelectric memory, when data is written on an MFSFET  6  (i.e., one of the memory cells making up one of the number m of array blocks on the same column), a voltage is applied to the source line  5  provided in common for the number m of array blocks on the same column. In this case, the voltage, applied through the source line  5  to the well region  1 , should travel all the way from the well contact region  10  to the MFSFET  6 , on which data should be written, over a distance corresponding to an associated number of array blocks. Accordingly, an electric field, which has an intensity at least equivalent to the coercive force of the ferroelectric gate insulating film, is applied between the well region  1  and the gate electrode of the MFSFET  6  on which the data should be written. As a result, the ferroelectric thin film for the MFSFET  6  in question is reversed in polarization direction and the data can be written on the MFSFET  6  as intended.  
           [0010]    In the known ferroelectric memory, the element isolating regions  9  are formed on the surface of each well region  1  at regular intervals. In addition, the first and second active regions  7 S and  7 D, which will be source and drain regions, respectively, are also defined between adjacent ones of the isolating regions  9  on the surface of each well region  1 . Accordingly, the array of memory cells cannot have its total area reduced sufficiently.  
           [0011]    Furthermore, the voltage, applied to the source line  5 , should travel along a long path indicated by the broken line in FIG. 26. That is to say, the voltage must go all the way from the well contact region  10 , which is far way from the MFSFET  6  where data should be written, to the well region  1  for the MFSFET  6 . In addition, the resistance of the region to which the voltage is applied (i.e., the resistance of the well region  1 ) is higher than that of the aluminum lines or those of the active regions.  
           [0012]    For that reason, it takes a long time for the voltage applied to the well contact region  10  to reach the well region  1  for the MFSFET  6  on which data should be written. That is to say, the write time is too long.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0013]    A first object of the present invention is reducing the total area of an array of memory cells.  
           [0014]    A second object of the present invention is shortening the time needed to write data on an arbitrary MFSFET.  
           [0015]    To achieve the first object, a first inventive ferroelectric memory includes: a well region, which is defined in a semiconductor substrate and extends in a direction; a bit line also extending in the direction; a source line also extending in the direction; first, second and third memory cells, which are formed in this order on the well region and arranged in the direction; a first active region for electrically connecting the first memory cell and the bit line together; a second active region for electrically connecting the first memory cell and the source line together; a third active region for electrically connecting the second memory cell and the bit line together; a fourth active region for electrically connecting the second memory cell and the source line together; a fifth active region for electrically connecting the third memory cell and the bit line together; and a sixth active region for electrically connecting the third memory cell and the source line together. In the memory, the first and third active regions are the same active region, and the fourth and sixth active regions are the same active region.  
           [0016]    In the first inventive ferroelectric memory, the first active region for electrically connecting the first memory cell and the bit line together can be the same as the third active region for electrically connecting the second memory cell and the bit line together. In addition, the fourth active region for electrically connecting the second memory cell and the source line together can be the same as the sixth active region for electrically connecting the third memory cell and the source line together. That is to say, no isolating region is needed between the first and third active regions or between the fourth and sixth active regions. Accordingly, the length of a memory array as measured along the bit line can be reduced, and the overall area of the array can also be reduced considerably.  
           [0017]    To achieve the second object, a second inventive ferroelectric memory includes: a well region, which is defined in a semiconductor substrate and extends in a direction; a source line also extending in the direction; and a plurality of well contact regions, which are formed discretely on the surface of the well region and electrically connect the well region and the source line together.  
           [0018]    In the second inventive ferroelectric memory, multiple well contact regions are formed discretely on the surface of a single well region. Thus, compared to the known arrangement where a well contact region is formed outside of a memory array, it takes a much shorter time for a voltage applied to the source line to reach the well region of a target memory cell on which data should be written. Accordingly, the data can be written on the desired memory cell in a much shorter time.  
           [0019]    To achieve the first and second objects, a third inventive ferroelectric memory includes: a well region of a first conductivity type, which is defined in a semiconductor substrate and extends in a direction; a source line also extending in the direction; an active region of a second conductivity type, which is formed as a source region on the surface of the well region; and a well contact region of the first conductivity type, which is formed on the surface of the well region. In the third memory, the active region and the well contact region are located adjacent to each other and connected to the source line via a single contact.  
           [0020]    In the third inventive ferroelectric memory, an active region of a second conductivity type, which will be a source region, and a well contact region of a first conductivity type are located adjacent to each other. That is to say, no isolating region is provided between the active and well contact regions. Accordingly, the length of a memory array as measured along the bit line can be reduced, and the total area of the array can also be reduced considerably.  
           [0021]    In addition, the active and well contact regions are not only located adjacent to each other but also connected to the source line via a single contact. Thus, compared to the is known arrangement where a well contact region is formed outside of a memory array, it takes a much shorter time for a voltage applied to the source line to reach the well region of a target memory cell on which data should be written. Accordingly, the data can be written on the desired memory cell in a much shorter time. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]    [0022]FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating a layout for part of a memory array in a ferroelectric memory according to a first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIGS. 2A, 2B and  2 C are cross-sectional views taken along the lines IIA-IIA, IIB-IIB and IIC-IIC shown in FIG. 1, respectively.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 1.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 3.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating a layout for part of a memory array in a ferroelectric memory according to a second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VI-VI shown in FIG. 5.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 7 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 5.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 8 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 7.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 9 is a plan view illustrating a layout for part of a memory array in a ferroelectric memory according to a modified example of the second embodiment.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X shown in FIG. 9.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 11 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 9.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 12 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 11.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 13 is a plan view illustrating a layout for part of a memory array in a ferroelectric memory according to a third embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XIV-XIV shown in FIG. 13.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 15 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 13.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 16 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 15.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 17 is a plan view illustrating a layout for part of a memory array in a ferroelectric memory according to a modified example of the third embodiment.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XVIII-XVIII shown in FIG. 17.  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 19 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 17.  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 20 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 19.  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 21 is a plan view illustrating an overall arrangement for a memory array in a known ferroelectric memory.  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 22 is a plan view illustrating a layout for part of the memory array in the known ferroelectric memory.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 23 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 22.  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 24 is a plan view illustrating a layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 23.  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 25 illustrates an equivalent circuit for the known ferroelectric memory and ferroelectric memories according to the first through third embodiments of the present invention.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a problem of the known ferroelectric memory. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
     Embodiment 1  
       [0048]    Hereinafter, a ferroelectric memory according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2A,  2 B,  2 C,  3  and  4 . FIG. 1 illustrates a planar layout for part of a memory array in the ferroelectric memory of the first embodiment. FIGS. 2A, 2B and  2 C illustrate cross-sectional structures taken along the lines IIA-IIA, IIB-IIB and IIC-IIC shown in FIG. 1, respectively. FIG. 3 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 1. And FIG. 4 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 3. It should be noted that the equivalent circuit of the ferroelectric memory of the first embodiment is the same as that of the known memory illustrated in FIG. 25.  
         [0049]    As shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and  4 , multiple well regions  11 , extending in one direction and in parallel to each other, are defined in a semiconductor substrate. In addition, multiple well isolating regions  12  are also defined to extend in the same direction and in parallel to each other. In this manner, each of the well regions  11  is electrically isolated from horizontally adjacent ones by the associated pair of well isolating regions  12 .  
         [0050]    As shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B,  2 C and  4 , first and second active regions  17 S and  17 D to be source and drain regions, respectively, are defined on the surface of each well region  11 . Each pair of active regions  17 S and  17 D are spaced apart from each other with a channel region  18  interposed therebetween. As shown in FIG. 1, the first active regions  17 S, belonging to the same column, are electrically connected to a source line  15  of aluminum, for example, which extends over and along associated one of the well isolating regions  12 , via source line contacts. In the same way, the second active regions  17 D, belonging to the same column, are electrically connected to a bit line  14  of aluminum, for example, which also extends over and along associated one of the well isolating regions  12 , via bit line contacts.  
         [0051]    A gate electrode is formed over each channel region  18 , which is located between associated pair of first and second active regions  17 S and  17 D, with a ferroelectric gate insulating film interposed therebetween. And a word line  13 , which extends over the well and well isolating regions  11  and  12  vertically to these regions  11  and  12 , is electrically connected to the gate electrodes, belonging to the same row, via word line contacts.  
         [0052]    As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, first, second, third and fourth MFSFETs  16 A,  16 B,  16 C and  16 D are formed at intersections between the word lines  13  and each well region  11 .  
         [0053]    In the first embodiment, the first through fourth MFSFETs  16 A through  16 D, which use the same well region  11  in common and are adjacent to each other, share the first or second active region  17 S or  17 D and are not isolated from each other by isolating regions like STI or LOCOS. More specifically, the first and second MFSFETs  16 A and  16 B share a second active region  17 D, the third and fourth MFSFETs  16 C and  16 D share another second active region  17 D and the second and third MFSFETs  16 B and  16 C share a first active region  17 S.  
         [0054]    In this manner, according to the first embodiment, the first through fourth MFSFETs  16 A through  16 D, which use the same well region  11  in common and are adjacent to each other, share the active regions to be source/drain regions and are not isolated from each other by any isolating regions. Thus, the total area of the memory array can be reduced.  
         [0055]    A ferroelectric insulating thin film, which is formed in the same process step as the gate insulating film for the first through fourth MFSFETs  16 A through  16 D, is interposed between the well and well isolating regions  11 ,  12  and the word lines  13 . However, the insulating film does not have to be formed over the well isolating regions  12 .  
         [0056]    It should be noted that the level relationship among the word, bit and source lines  13 ,  14  and  15  is not limited to the illustrated one.  
         [0057]    In the first embodiment, a single MFSFET constitutes a single memory cell. Alternatively, as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 5-120866, the ferroelectric memory may include a serial connection of an MFSFET, using a ferroelectric gate insulating film, and a MOSFET, not using the ferroelectric gate insulating film. As another alternative, the ferroelectric memory may also include MFSFETs, using the ferroelectric gate insulating film, and diodes as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 5-129615. Furthermore, the ferroelectric memory may include split-gate transistors.  
       Embodiment 2  
       [0058]    Hereinafter, a ferroelectric memory according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5, 6,  7  and  8 . FIG. 5 illustrates a planar layout for part of a memory array in the ferroelectric memory of the second embodiment. FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional structure taken along the line VI-VI shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 7 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 5. And FIG. 8 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 7. It should be noted that the equivalent circuit of the ferroelectric memory of the second embodiment is the same as that of the known memory illustrated in FIG. 25.  
         [0059]    As shown in FIGS. 5, 7 and  8 , multiple well regions  21 , extending in one direction and in parallel to each other, are defined in a semiconductor substrate. In addition, multiple well isolating regions  22  are also defined to extend in the same direction and in parallel to each other. In this manner, each of the well regions  21  is electrically isolated from horizontally adjacent ones by the associated pair of well isolating regions  22 .  
         [0060]    As shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, first and second active regions  27 S and  27 D to be source and drain regions, respectively, are defined on the surface of each well region  21 . Each pair of active regions  27 S and  27 D are spaced apart from each other with a channel region  28  interposed therebetween. As shown in FIG. 6, the first active regions  27 S, belonging to the same column, are electrically connected to a source line  25  of aluminum, for example, which extends over and along associated one of the well isolating regions  22 , via source line contacts. In the same way, the second active regions  27 D, belonging to the same column, are electrically connected to a bit line  24  of aluminum, for example, which also extends over and along associated one of the well isolating regions  22 , via bit line contacts.  
         [0061]    A gate electrode is formed over each channel region  28 , which is located between the associated pair of first and second active regions  27 S and  27 D, with a ferroelectric gate insulating film interposed therebetween. And a word line  23 , which extends over the well and well isolating regions  21  and  22  vertically to these regions  21  and  22 , is electrically connected to the gate electrodes, belonging to the same row, via word line contacts.  
         [0062]    A ferroelectric insulating thin film, which is formed in the same process step as the gate insulating film for MFSFETs  26 , is interposed between the well and well isolating regions  21 ,  22  and the word lines  23 . However, the insulating film does not have to be formed over the well isolating regions  22 .  
         [0063]    As shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, first, second, third and fourth MFSFETs  26 A,  26 B,  26 C and  26 D are formed at intersections between the word lines  23  and each well region  21 .  
         [0064]    In the second embodiment, each well region  21  includes extended regions, which extend vertically to the source lines  25  and are provided at regular intervals, and a well contact region  30  is defined on each extended region. Also, each well contact region  30  and an associated second active region  27 D are isolated from each other by an element isolating region  29 . Accordingly, the well contact region  30  is electrically connected to the well region  21  but isolated from the second active region  27 D. Also, the well contact region  30  is connected to the source line  25  via a well contact.  
         [0065]    In the second embodiment, where data should be written on one of the first through fourth MFSFETs  26 A through  26 D, a voltage is applied through the source line  25  to the well and channel regions  21  and  28  by way of the well contact regions  30 . Then, an electric field, having an intensity at least equivalent to the coercive force of the ferroelectric gate insulating film, is applied between the channel regions  28  and the word lines  23  so that the polarization direction of the ferroelectric thin film is reversed. As a result, the data will be written on the MFSFET that includes the gate insulating film with the reversed polarization direction.  
         [0066]    In the second embodiment, a voltage is applied through the source line  25  to the well region  21  via the multiple well contact regions  30 . Accordingly, the distance between the well region  21  of the MFSFET, on which data should be written, and the nearest one of the well contact regions can be shortened. As a result, it takes a shorter time to write the data on the MFSFET.  
       Modified example of Embodiment 2  
       [0067]    Hereinafter, a ferroelectric memory according to a modified example of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9, 10,  11  and  12 . FIG. 9 illustrates a planar layout for part of a memory array in the ferroelectric memory of this modified example. FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional structure taken along the line X-X shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 11 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 9. And FIG. 12 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 11. In this modified example, the same components as the counterparts of the second embodiment will be identified by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted herein.  
         [0068]    In this modified example, each well contact region  30  is provided between two adjacent ones of the first active regions  27 S on the surface of the well region  21 , and is isolated from the first active regions  27 S by the element isolating regions  29 . Accordingly, the well contact region  30  is connected to the well region  21  but is isolated from the first active regions  27 S. Also, the well contact region  30  is connected to the source line  25  via a well contact.  
         [0069]    In this modified example, where data should be written on one of the first through fourth MFSFETs  26 A through  26 D, a voltage is also applied through the source line  25  to the well and channel regions  21  and  28  via the well contact regions  30 . Then, an electric field, having an intensity at least equivalent to the coercive force of the ferroelectric gate insulating film, is applied between the channel regions  28  and the word lines  23  so that the polarization direction of the ferroelectric thin film is reversed. As a result, the data will be written on the MFSFET that includes the gate insulating film with the reversed polarization direction.  
         [0070]    In this modified example, a voltage is applied through the source line  25  to the well region  21  via the multiple well contact regions  30 . Accordingly, the distance between the well region  21  of the MFSFET, on which data should be written, and the nearest one of the well contact regions  30  can be shortened. As a result, it takes a shorter time to write the data on the MFSFET.  
         [0071]    In the second embodiment, each well region  21  includes the extended regions that extend vertically to the source lines  25  and the well contact regions  30  are defined in the extended regions. That is to say, the well contact regions  30  extend from the second active regions  27 S along the word lines  23 . Accordingly, the resultant memory array will have its length increased in the direction in which the word lines  23  extend. In this modified example on the other hand, each of the well contact regions  30  is defined between adjacent ones of the first active regions  27 S. Thus, the resultant memory array will have its length increased in the direction in which the bit lines  24  extend.  
       Embodiment 3  
       [0072]    Hereinafter, a ferroelectric memory according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 13, 14,  15  and  16 . FIG. 13 illustrates a planar layout for part of a memory array in the ferroelectric memory of the third embodiment. FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional structure taken along the line XIV-XIV shown in FIG. 13. FIG. 15 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 13. And FIG. 16 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 15.  
         [0073]    As shown in FIGS. 13, 15 and  16 , multiple p-well regions  31 , extending in one direction and in parallel to each other, are defined in a semiconductor substrate. In addition, multiple well isolating regions  32  are also defined to extend in the same direction and in parallel to each other. In this manner, each of the p-well regions  31  is electrically isolated from horizontally adjacent ones by the associated pair of well isolating regions  32 .  
         [0074]    As shown in FIGS. 14 and 16, first and second n-type active regions  37 S and  37 D to be source and drain regions, respectively, are defined on the surface of each p-well region  31 . Each pair of n-type active regions  37 S and  37 D are spaced apart from each other with a channel region  38  interposed therebetween. As shown in FIG. 13, the first active regions  37 S, belonging to the same column, are electrically connected to a source line  35  of aluminum, for example, which extends over and along associated one of the well isolating regions  32 , via source line contacts. In the same way, the second active regions  37 D, belonging to the same column, are electrically connected to a bit line  34  of aluminum, for example, which also extends over and along associated one of the well isolating regions  32 , via bit line contacts.  
         [0075]    A gate electrode is formed over each channel region  38 , which is located between the associated pair of first and second active regions  37 S and  37 D, with a ferroelectric gate insulating film interposed therebetween. And a word line  33 , which extends over the well and well isolating regions  31  and  32  vertically to these regions  31  and  32 , is electrically connected to the gate electrodes, belonging to the same row, via word line contacts.  
         [0076]    As shown in FIGS. 13 and 15, first, second, third and fourth n-type MFSFETs  36 A,  36 B,  36 C and  36 D are formed at intersections between the word lines  33  and each p-well region  31 . A ferroelectric insulating thin film, which is formed in the same process step as the gate insulating film for the first through fourth n-type MFSFETs  36 A through  36 D, is interposed between the p-well and well isolating regions  31 ,  32  and the word lines  33 . However, the insulating film does not have to be formed over the well isolating regions  32 .  
         [0077]    In the third embodiment, a p-well contact region  40  is defined in the middle of each n-type first active region  37 S, and is in contact with the first active region  37 S with no isolating region interposed therebetween.  
         [0078]    Accordingly, each first active region  37 S is divided by the p-well contact region  40  into two sub-regions. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 16, the upper one of the sub-regions  37 S is used as the source region for the second n-type MFSFET  36 B, while the lower sub-region  37 S is used as the source region for the third n-type MFSFET  36 C. Also, as in the first embodiment, the first and second n-type MFSFETs  36 A and  36 B share a second active region  37 D and the third and fourth n-type MFSFETs  36 C and  36 D share another second active region  37 D. Thus, the total area of the memory array can be reduced as in the first embodiment.  
         [0079]    As shown in FIG. 14, a metal silicide layer  41  is formed on the divided n-type first active region  37 S and the well contact region  40 , and is connected to the source line  35  via a source line contact. Accordingly, a potential in the first active regions  37 S and well contact regions  40  is controllable by changing the voltage applied to the source line  35 . The metal silicide layer is formed by turning silicon on the surface of the first active regions  37 S and well contact regions  40  into a silicide with a metal such as cobalt or titanium.  
         [0080]    In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 14, the width of the source line contact is approximately equal to that of the well contact region  40  and the source line contact is located just over the well contact region  40 . However, neither the width nor the location of the source line contact is limited to the illustrated one.  
         [0081]    In the third embodiment, where data should be written on one of the first through fourth MFSFETs  36 A through  36 D, a voltage is applied through the source line  35  to the well and channel regions  31  and  38  via the metal silicide layer  41  and well contact regions  40 . Then, an electric field, having an intensity at least equivalent to the coercive force of the ferroelectric gate insulating film, is applied between the channel regions  38  and the word lines  33  so that the polarization direction of the ferroelectric thin film is reversed. As a result, the data is written on the MFSFET that includes the gate insulating film with the reversed polarization direction.  
         [0082]    In the third embodiment, each well contact region  40  is defined in the middle of an associated first active region  37 S. Thus, the distance between the well contact region  40  and the well region  31  of the MFSFET on which data should be written can be shortened. As a result, it takes a shorter time to write the data on the MFSFET.  
         [0083]    Compared to the first embodiment, the length of the resultant memory array increases in the direction in which the bit lines extend. But the increase in length of the memory array in this direction is not so great. This is because even though the well contact regions  40  are provided in this direction, each of the well contact regions  40  is located in the middle of the associated first active region  37 S, i.e., in direct contact with the first active region  37 S with no isolating regions interposed therebetween.  
       Modified example of Embodiment 3  
       [0084]    Hereinafter, a ferroelectric memory according to a modified example of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 17, 18,  19  and  20 . FIG. 17 illustrates a planar layout for part of a memory array in the ferroelectric memory of this modified example. FIG. 18 illustrates a cross-sectional structure taken along the line XVIII-XVIII shown in FIG. 17. FIG. 19 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the bit and source lines from the layout shown in FIG. 17. And FIG. 20 illustrates a planar layout obtained by removing the word lines from the layout shown in FIG. 19. In this modified example, the same components as the counterparts of the third embodiment will be identified by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted herein.  
         [0085]    As in the first embodiment, the first through fourth MFSFETs  36 A through  36 D, which use the same well region  31  in common and are adjacent to each other, share the active region  37 S or  37 D to be a source or drain region and are not isolated from each other by isolating regions. Thus, the total area of the memory array can be reduced.  
         [0086]    In this modified example, each p-well region  31  includes extended regions that extend below the source line  35  from under the n-type first active regions  37 S. In addition, well contact regions  40  are formed on the surface of the extended regions so as to come into contact with the first active regions  37 S.  
         [0087]    As shown in FIG. 18, a metal silicide layer  41  is formed on the n-type first active region  37 S and the well contact region  40 , which are connected to the source line  35  via a source line contact. The source line contact is formed on a part of the metal silicide layer  41  that is located over the first active region  37 S. Accordingly, a potential in the first active region  37 S and well contact region  40  is controllable by changing the voltage applied to the source line  35 . The metal silicide layer  41  is formed by turning silicon on the surface of the first active region  37 S and well contact region  40  into a silicide with a metal such as cobalt or titanium.  
         [0088]    In this modified example, where data should be written on one of the first through fourth MFSFETs  36 A through  36 D, a voltage is applied through the source line  35  to the well and channel regions  31  and  38  via the metal silicide layer  41  and well contact regions  40 . Then, an electric field, having an intensity at least equivalent to the coercive force of the ferroelectric gate insulating film, is applied between the channel regions  38  and the word lines  33  so that the polarization direction of the ferroelectric thin film is reversed. As a result, the data is written on the MFSFET that includes the gate insulating film with the reversed polarization direction.  
         [0089]    In this modified example, the well contact regions  40  are defined to extend from the first active regions  37 S in the direction in which the word lines extend. Thus, the distance between the well region  31  of the MFSFET, on which data should be written, and the nearest one of the well contact regions  40  can be shortened. As a result, it takes a shorter time to write the data on the MFSFET.  
         [0090]    Compared to the first embodiment, the length of the resultant memory array increases in the direction in which the word lines extend. But the increase in length of the memory array in this direction is not so great. This is because even though the well contact regions  40  are provided in this direction, each of the well contact regions  40  is in direct contact with the first active region  37 S with no isolating regions interposed therebetween.