Abstract:
Disclosed is an all terrain vehicle with an improved engine and power train. The engine is located under the seat and the hingably seat provides for ready access to the engine for maintenance and repair. The engine is placed in the vehicle such that the crankshaft is parallel to the line of travel; that is to say that the crankshaft is in line with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The engine has a split output shaft; that is to say, two output shafts. One shaft extends forwardly of the engine to a front transmission on the front axle and the second extends rearwardly to a rear transmission on the rear axle. The output shafts run directly to the transmissions in a straight line. The front and rear output shafts are connected by gears which enables different ratios of revolution between the front and rear axle if necessary. The all terrain vehicle is also equipped with a unique parking gear which essentially locks the two output shafts to the transmission housing. There are a number of intermediate shafts such that power is transmitted from the crankshaft through two transmissions prior to reaching the output shafts. In addition, the gas tank is remote from the engine such that the cylinder head can be easily removed from the engine for servicing, repair and maintenance.

Description:
[0001]    This invention relates to an improved all terrain vehicle and more particularly to the placement and orientation of the engine and type of engine and power train.  
         BACKGROUND  
         [0002]    All terrain vehicles have become quite popular in Canada and the United States in resent years. The original vehicles were built with three wheels and had a chain drive. Motors were generally oriented in the vehicle, having the crankshaft and drive shafts oriented transversally to the direction of travel. Such vehicles were found to be unsteady and did not have sufficient stability and power to work as utility vehicles.  
           [0003]    In more recent years, all terrain vehicles have been developed with four wheels for greater stability and in fact four wheel drive. Generally, the orientation of the motor was such that the crankshaft and drive shafts extended transversally to the line of travel and chain drives or other gear mechanisms were used to drive front and rear axles.  
           [0004]    In very recent times, some manufactures have oriented the engine such that the crankshaft is parallel to the line of travel and the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. In fact, some vehicles have a single output or drive shaft which extends through the motor and drives transmissions on the front and rear axles. Being a single shaft of course the gear ratio is identical between the rear axle and the front axle.  
           [0005]    Other problems with recent all terrain vehicles is the failure to provide access to the engine far maintenance and repair. It is difficult to access things such as the oil filter, engine oil filler cap or remove the cylinder head. Therefore, there is a need to have a vehicle with ready access to the engine.  
           [0006]    Another problem with recently manufactured all terrain vehicles is that the engine is too high and takes up to much space. Therefore a new more compact engine is desirable. Another problem with present day engines is failure to have a parking gear. The parking gear is desirable when one wishes to keep the engine on or park on a steep slope. It is also desirable to have engine placement in such a way so that the vehicle can be easily mounted by the operator without stepping over a high straddle seat. Thus there is a need to position the engine in such that that one may step through to mount the saddle or seat.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    The present invention provides a motor which is mounted in the vehicle under the seat. The vehicle has a step through passageway in front of the seat. The motor provides drive to the rear axle and front axle by means of two output shafts. The output shatts are connected to one another in a type of split shaft arrangement. Gears transfer power from the crankshaft to the transmission. There after power is transferred to one output shaft and thereafter to the second output shaft. Each output shaft, i.e. the rear and the front, are directly in line with the differential gears on the rear and front axles respectively. Thus there is an ease of manufacture.  
           [0008]    The transmission of the vehicle of the present invention consists basically of intermediate shafts and two transmissions. A parking gear is also provided to lock the two output shafts to the transmission housing.  
           [0009]    The engine is located under the seat, while the gas tank is located just below the steering counsel. The seat is hinged and provides easy access to the engine. Since there is no fuel tank on top of the cylinder head it is easy to remove the cylinder head for maintenance or repair.  
           [0010]    In the present invention the transmission is integrated into the crankcase of the motor. Positioning the crankshaft, balancer shaft and cam shaft roughly in the same area (although not on the same plane), the lowest overall height of the engine is obtained. The engine of the present invention has a two valve design. It is a four cycle engine with one cylinder. Two spark plugs are used, similar to old aircraft engines.  
           [0011]    An oil filler cap for the engine is located directly on top of the cylinder. Thus engine oil for the crankcase can be added with easy access. The oil sieve which is located on the bottom of the crankcase has an access cover and the oil sieve can be removed easily and cleaned.  
           [0012]    The crankshaft of the present invention is connected to a centrifugal clutch. This is located forward of the crankcase between the clutch housing and the crankcase housing. Forward of the clutch housing is a clutch cover. A disengaging piston is found between the clutch housing and clutch cover. The all terrain vehicle uses a two clutch system which is well known in the art.  
           [0013]    The present invention also has a parking gear. To the best of the inventors knowledge a parking gear has never been used before in an all terrain vehicle.  
           [0014]    The transmission used in the all terrain vehicle of the present invention is located within the crankcase housing.  
           [0015]    The water pump used for the engine coolant in the present invention is novelly positioned at the end of the crankshaft at the rear end of the crankcase housing. No other all terrain vehicle places the water pump directly on the crankshaft itself.  
           [0016]    The radiator for the water cooled system is at the rear of the engine close to the water pump. The radiator also has a fan which is located at the rear of the vehicle&#39;s engine.  
           [0017]    The fuel tank has a low center of gravity and is positioned ahead of the engine. With regard to the air intake for the engine, it enters near the front of vehicle at the highest point to avoid water or mud entering the air intake. From there the air goes to an air box which houses an air filter and a silencer. Thereafter, the air is directed to the carburetor. The carburetor of the present all terrain vehicle is a standard carburetor.  
           [0018]    The clutch housing and cover of the present invention is equipped with water coolant passages in the bottom. Water is routed through the bottom of the engine to cool the oil in the housing above. This is unique to all motor vehicle engines.  
           [0019]    Therefore this invention seeks to provide an all terrain vehicle including a four cycle engine and a power train; said engine including a crankshaft; said engine being mounted in said vehicle such that said crankshaft is parallel to a longitudinal axis of said vehicle and parallel to a line of travel when said vehicle is in motion; said engine further including a rear output shaft and a front output shaft, said shafts being parallel to said crankshaft; wherein said rear output shaft in operation is adapted to supply power to a rear axle and said front output shaft is adapted to supply power to a front axle. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0020]    The invention will be described more fully in connection with the following drawings wherein:  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the all terrain vehicle of the present invention;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 2 is a side view of the vehicle of the present invention;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the present invention showing some of the exterior components;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 4 is an underside view of the present invention shown in a schematic fashion;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 5 is a side view of the present invention showing some of the internal working components; the actual outline of the body and seat of the invention is shown in dotted lines;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 6 is a top view of the present invention with the body components thereon;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 7 is a aide view of the present invention showing the seat in an open position for servicing of the motor;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 8 is a view of the basic frame of the present invention without body, motor, suspension or other components;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the motor mounted on the frame shown in FIG. 8;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 10 is a transverse cross section of the engine of the present invention;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the components of the crankcase of the engine of the present invention;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 12 is an exploded view of the various components of the cylinder and piston of the present invention;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the components of the clutch housing and clutch cover;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 14 is an exploded view of the components of the primary clutch and shift clutch;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 15 is an exploded view of the components of the gear shift assembly;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 16 is a cross section of the components of the parking gear;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 17 is a exploded view of the components of the transmission;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 18 is an exploded view of the components of the ignition and water pump;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 19 is an exploded view of the components of the electric and hand starters;  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 20 is an exploded view of the components of the exhaust system;  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 21 is an exploded view of the components of the cooling system; and  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 22 is an exploded view of the components of the air intake system. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0043]    In FIGS. 1 through 10 it is to be understood that the components maintain the same numerals throughout. However, in the remainder of the drawings, each drawing is described separately and the components listed therein. Thus, it is to be understood by the reader that similar numerals may appear throughout such drawings but such numerals relate only to the drawing to which they refer and that each drawing will be described separately.  
         [0044]    In drawings  1 ,  2  and  3  are various views of the all terrain vehicle of the present invention  1 . The vehicle has a pair of front wheels  2  and a pair of rear wheels  3 . There is a front bumper  4 , a front carriage rack  5 , a rear carriage rack  6 . There is a seat  7  which is positioned over the engine and is hingably mounted. As seen in FIG. 7, there is a hinge bracket  8  which hinges about pivot hinge  9 .  
         [0045]    The all terrain vehicle is equipped with a pair of handle bars  10 .  
         [0046]    Turning to FIGS. 4 and 5 one notes that there is an engine  11 . As shown in FIG. 5, the gas tank  30  is mounted below the handle bars. Gas cap  12  closes the tank. As seen from the FIG. 6, foot rests  13  are found on either side of the seat  7 . Also visible in FIG. 6 is that seat  7  has a seat latch  14  which can be lifted upwardly for access to the motor  11 . As seen in FIG. 6 there is an instrument dash  15  located below the handle bars  10 . The rear of the body of the vehicle forms rear wheel wells  16  and the front of the body forms front wheel wells  17 . In FIG. 3 one of the front shocks  18  is visible.  
         [0047]    The all terrain vehicle of the present invention is equipped with a front compartment  19 . In FIG. 7 one views that the cover of the front compartment is open. The compartment can be used for storage of various items.  
         [0048]    In FIG. 4 one sees an exhaust pipe  20  leading from the motor to a muffler  21 . Also viewed in FIG. 4 is a rear axle  22  and a front axle  23  on which are located respectively rear differential  25  and front differential  24 . A front output drive shaft  26  is pivotally connected to motor  11  and front differential  24 . A rear output drive shaft  27  similarly is connected to motor  11  and rear differential  25 . It is to be noted that because of the orientation of the motor with the crankshaft being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, the two output shafts  26 ,  27  are also substantially parallel to the crankshaft and the line of travel. As visible in FIG. 5 the vehicle is also equipped with rear shock absorbers  28 . The frame is generally shown as  29  in drawings  1  through  10 .  
         [0049]    In FIG. 8 the frame  29  is shown without any other components. Step  13  has been marked as it forms part of the basic tubular type frame. It is to be understood in FIG. 8 that the frame is lower in the mid-section to allow for the step through feature which is an important part of the improved all terrain vehicle.  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the mid and rear portions of the tubular frame or chassis of the vehicle with the motor  11  mounted therein. To the rear of the frame is mounted fan  31 , and a radiator  32 . A radiator cap  33  is visible. Radiator inlet hose  34 A leads from the water manifold of the engine  11  to the radiator  32 . Radiator outlet hose  34 B subsequently leaves the bottom portion of the radiator  32  and travels to the engine  11  where it is fixedly connected.  
         [0051]    Unlike other all terrain vehicles where the engine compartment is difficult to get access to, the hinged seat  7  of the present invention provides ready access. Furthermore, the crankcase oil filler opening is found at the top of the cylinder head  37  and is covered by a oil filler cap  35 . Because the gas tank  30  is distant from the engine  11  rather than being located on top of the engine as is in so many cases, particulary in motorcycles, the cylinder head can be readily accessed for repair. Also in FIG. 9 the oil filter  36  is visible and similarly easily accessible. FIG. 10 is a transverse section through the engine itself. As was previously mentioned the engine is positioned on the all terrain vehicle such that the crankshaft  44  is parallel with the longitudinal access of the vehicle and runs from front to back. The rear output shaft  27  is visible in this particular section however the front output shaft  26  is not visible. Below the cylinder head  37 , one sees a valve spring  38  around valve  39 . The engine of the present invention is equipped with two inlet valves  39 . The single cylinder and piston motor of the present invention also uses two spark plugs for the single cylinder, similar to some aircraft engines.  
         [0052]    A rocker arm  40  is pivotally connected to a push rod  41  which in turn is moved upwardly and downwardly by a cam shaft  42 . Push rod  41  causes the opposite end of the rocker arm to move upwardly and downwardly in accordance with movement of the cam shaft  42  to open and close the valves  39  accordingly.  
         [0053]    The cam shaft  42  is positioned above the balance shaft  43  which is located just to one side of the main crankshaft  44 . From crankshaft  44  is a pivotal connection to connecting rod  45  which connects to piston  46 . Piston  46  moves upwardly and downwardly within cylinder  47 . Transmission shift forks  48  are visible on rear output shaft  27  and main shaft  52 . Above main shaft  52  is countershaft  51 .  
         [0054]    A pawl assembly  49  functions as a parking brake. The parking brake secures front output drive shaft  26  and rear output drive shaft  27  to the transmission housing and locks the vehicle in a park position. Front output shaft  26  is not visible in FIG. 10.  
         [0055]    Motor countershaft  51  is located above the main shaft and parallel thereto. Mounting points  53  are also shown. Also shown in FIG. 10 is the shift shaft  54 , tension spring  55  and shift drum assembly  56 . The pawl assembly  49 , tension spring  55 , shift shaft  54  and shift drum assembly  56  are components of the gear shifter.  
         [0056]    [0056]FIG. 11 is a schematic exploded view of the basic components of the crankcase  1  of the present invention. The crankcase consists of two halves marked  1 . The single cylinder of the engine of the present invention is not shown, however it obviously fits between the two halves of the crankcase  1  which are fastened together about crankcase gasket  40 . There are a number of ball bearings  4 ,  6 ,  7  and  9 . A roller bearing  8  is also shown. Intermediate gear shaft  10  is shown along with its placement in the crankcase housing. Socket screws  11  and flange hex screws  12  are used to secure the housing together. The oil pump roter assembly is shown basically as  13  and  14  in a rotor is marked as  14 . The oil pump shaft is marked as  15 . There is a needle pin  16 ; an oil pump cover  17 ; a thrust washer  18 ; needle pin  19 ; and socket screw  20 . The oil pump gear which has  40  teeth is marked as number  21 .  
         [0057]    At the bottom of the crankcase is an oil sieve  25 , an o-ring  26 , an oil collector  27 , a rubber ring  28  and an oil sieve cover  29 . These are secured by hex screws  30  to the bottom of the crankcase housing.  
         [0058]    In this particular engine which forms part of the invention, one notes to the left of the crankshaft also within the crankcase housing, a location which houses the transmission. In other words the transmission functions within the crankcase housing  1 . The various shafts which rotate within the crankcase such as the cam shaft  42 , balance shaft, main shaft and other shafts not shown in FIG. 11, however shown in FIG. 10 as  42 ,  43 ,  44 ,  27 ,  51 ,  52 ,  54  are secured at their ends through ball bearings  36 ,  37 ,  38 ,  39 . The valve seat sleeve  41  is shown near the bottom of the drawing as well as a valve piston  42  compression spring  43 , o-ring  44  and plug screw  45 . A pair of cylindrical pins  46  are adapted to pass through the crankcase housing.  
         [0059]    Solenoid valve  49  is also shown in FIG. 11 and is adapted to fit on the crankcase housing  1  with solenoid valve gasket  48 . Items marked  50  to  54  simply indicate the type of lubrication used for the various parts of the crankcase housing.  
         [0060]    [0060]FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the components of the piston and cylinder. The cylinder shown as  4  is fixedly attached with cylinder gasket  3  to crankcase housing  1 . Piston  5  along with piston ring set  6  is attached by piston pin  7  to a connecting rod (not marked) which forms part of the crankshaft assembly  9 . A woodruff key  10  is used to secure a  42  tooth mating gear  11  to the end of the crankshaft with hex nut  12 . Adjacent to crankshaft assembly  9  is balance shaft  13  which is adapted to pass through a balancing shaft gear  14 , control gear  15 , lock washer  16  and hex nut  17 .  
         [0061]    Adjacent to balance shaft  13  and generally positioned above the same when installed in the engine is the cam shaft  18  which passes through a cam shaft gear  19  secured by a needle pin  20 . The deco shaft assembly  21 ,  22  has a groove pin  22  and centrifugal weight  23 , tension spring  24  followed by a washer  25 , block washer  26  and hex screw  27 .  
         [0062]    A water cooling hose  29  by way of clamps  28  is connected to the cylinder wall and the crankcase housing  1 . At the top of FIG. 12, a bayonet filler cap  31  is found on valve cover  34 . Valve cover  34  is attached to cylinder head  51  with valve cover gasket  35 , hex screw  32  and rubber bushing  33 . Push rod  36  is adapted to move upwardly and downwardly rocker arm  37  which is adapted to move valves  53  and  54 . Valve cotter  38 , valve spring retainer  39 , valve spring  40  and valve seal  41  and washer  42  are inserted on the valves. A temperature sensor  43  is adapted to be mounted to the cylinder head  51 . Cylinder head gasket  52  is adapted to be placed between the cylinder head  51  and cylinder  4 . Rocker arm  37  pivots about rocker arm shaft  58  which is secured by holding strip  59  and a socket screw  60  onto the top of cylinder head  51 . The engine of the present invention uses two spark plugs for the single cylinder. Also located on the top of the cylinder head  51  is thermostat  48  which fits within thermostat housing  47  which is secured by hex screw  45  and seal washer  46 . The engine is also equipped with a hydraulic valve tap at  55 .  
         [0063]    In FIG. 13 clutch housing gasket  9  is inserted between clutch housing  1  towards the front of the vehicle to the crankcase (previously shown in FIG. 11). Within the clutch housing  1  is located a first centrifugal clutch to be described later. A disengaging piston shown as  19 ,  20  is located between the clutch housing  1  and the clutch cover assembly shown as  21 . Clutch cover  21  attaches to the clutch housing  1  by means of clutch cover gasket  14 .  
         [0064]    Of particular interest in the present invention are the water channels shown as  60  which are in both the clutch cover assembly  21  and the clutch housing  1 . These water channels move coolant into the bottom of the clutch housing and clutch cover and cool the oil above.  
         [0065]    In detail, ball bearings  2  and  3  fit within the clutch housing  1 . Flat head screws  4  are shown. On the bottom of the housing is an o-ring  5  and a drain plug  6 . Also located at the bottom of the clutch housing  1  is a washer  7  and screw  8 . As previously mentioned, the clutch housing gasket  9  is used to seal the clutch housing to the crankcase. Hex screws  11 ,  12  and  13  secure the clutch housing  1  to the crankcase. On the top of clutch housing  1  is an oil filter  17 , an oil dipstick  18 , and oil filter nipple  16 . Between clutch housing  1  and clutch cover  21  are located oil seal  22  and ball bearing  23 . There is also a tube  24 .  
         [0066]    Forward of the clutch cover  21  is ball bearing  25 , retaining ring  26  and oil seal  27 . A solenoid valve  29  is secured into clutch cover  21  by means of a socket screw  30 . A potentiometer  31  with the aid of washer  32  and socket screw  30  is secured to the front end of clutch housing  21 .  
         [0067]    A pressure valve  33  is also affixed to the outside of clutch cover  21 . The oil duct cover  35 , which has a gasket  34  is secured by hex screws  37  and washers  38 . The cable clip  36  is also inserted on the top of oil duct cover  35 . An oil cooler cover  40  is attached by a screw with gasket  39 , also on the front end of clutch cover  21 . Hex screws  42  and  43  secure clutch cover  21  to clutch housing  1 . An oil pressure switch  47  protected by an oil seal  46  is inserted in the front of clutch cover  21 . A speed sensor  48  is secured by hex screw  49 . A water cooling hose  51  which leads to cooling channels  60  is secured by clamps  50 . Hose clamps  52  and  53  support water cooling hose  51  in position. Hex screws  54  support the clamps.  
         [0068]    [0068]FIG. 14 illustrates a two clutch system of the present invention which is found between the clutch housing  1  and clutch cover  21 . There is a primary centrifugal clutch and a shift clutch. Primary centrifugal clutch, shown in the upper right portion in the drawing is connected to the crankshaft.  
         [0069]    The shift clutch is driven by the centrifugal clutch. The shift clutch consist of a thrust washer  1  and needle bearing  2 , a needle cage  3  and a clutch drum  4 . The clutch drum  4  is equipped with a gear. Thereafter there is an o-ring  6 , a thrust washer  6 , an inner plate  7  and a plurality of lamella  8  and plates  9 . A clutch hub  10  secures the lamella to the inner plate  7  and the clutch drum  4 . This is followed by a spring  11 , washer  12 , hex nut  13 , a retaining plate  14 , ball bearing  15 , and thrust hub  16 . All are secured by a hex nut  18  and washer  17 .  
         [0070]    With regard to the primary clutch which is connected to the crankshaft, there is a thrust washer  19 , a bushing  21 , a gear (unnumbered), a clutch assembly  20  comprising a clutch bushing  21 , a sprag clutch  22 , a clutch hub  23 , a serrated washer  24  and a hex nut  25 .  
         [0071]    In FIG. 15, the gear shift is shown in an exploded section. The components of the gear shift, although known in the auto industry, particularly the parking gear components have never been used before in an all terrain vehicle. Thus, this forms part of the present invention.  
         [0072]    Beginning at the bottom of FIG. 15, there is a thrust washer  1  with a screw and gear shift lever  3 , a sleeve  4 , a washer  5 , a shaft spring  6  and a collar sleeve  7 . These are placed on the shift shaft with pawl assembly  8 . A tension spring  9  secures them.  
         [0073]    To secure the assembly together there is a socket screw  10 , a washer  11 , an index lever assembly  12 , a bushing  13  and an index lever spring  14 . On the opposite end there is a socket screw  38 , washer  11 , index lever assembly  12 , bushing  13  and spring  14 . There are plurality of shift forks  15 ,  16 ,  17 ,  18  and  19  for the changing of gears. Shift forks  18  and  19  fit on gear shift rod  20  whilst  15  and  17  fit on rod  22  and shift fork  16  fits on rod  21 . Also a shift drum assembly  23  and shift  24 . Screw  25  secures the assembly together.  
         [0074]    At the opposite end of the housing is index gear  26  secured by socket screw  27 . The shift shaft assembly is shown as  28 . There is a shaft  29 , a park locking lever  30  an actuated lever  31 , a spring  32 , a sleeve  33 , thrust washer  34 , tension spring  35 , an indicator shaft  36  and o-ring  37 . Socket screw  38  secures washer  11 , index lever assembly  12 , bushing  13  and index lever spring  14  into position.  
         [0075]    [0075]FIG. 16 is a cross-section of a cut away close up view of the parking gear assembly. There is a tension spring  35 , a shift shaft  29 , a parking lock lever  30 , an actuating lever  31  and a helical spring  32 . Also shown is front output shaft  26 , a rear output shaft  27 , and a parking gear  61 . Also shown is a shift drain assembly  62  and an indicator shaft  63 .  
         [0076]    Turning to FIG. 17 and as previously mentioned, the components of the transmission are found side by side within the crankcase housing. There is a countershaft  1 , a main shaft assembly  2 , an intermediate gear shaft  3  and a thrust washer  4 . Intermediate gear shaft  3  passes through sliding gear  5 , needle cage  6 , washer  7  and socket screw  8  to secure these components. The rear output shaft  9 , which is directed towards the rear axle and differential previously described, is attached to output gear  10  and secured by a Circlip  11 . The front output shaft  12  has o-ring  13  thereon. Front output shaft  12  supplies power to the front axle and front differential, as previously mentioned. As can be seen the five gear forks are present in FIG. 17 as well as the gear drum assembly.  
         [0077]    [0077]FIG. 18 is an exploded view of the ignition and water pump assembly. The ignition cover  2 , by way of ignition cover gasket  1 , is secured on the rear of the crankcase shown in FIG. 11, as previously mentioned by means of screws  3 ,  4  and  5 . A potentiometer  6  by way of o-ring  7 , washer  9  and screw  8  is secured at the rear of the ignition cover  2 . An oil seal  10  is also inserted into the rear of ignition cover  2 . Connected directly to the crankshaft is water pump shaft  11 , oil seal  12 , water impeller  13  and water pump housing  15  secured by screw  16 .  
         [0078]    It is novel to the present invention to have the water impeller  13  and water pump housing  15  directly connected to the crankcase. A rubber ring  14  seals the impeller to the housing  15 . A hydraulic piston is adapted to fit within the ignition cover  2  by means of rings  17 , hydraulic cover gasket  19 , hydraulic cover  20  and hex screw  21 . The magneto assembly  33  is adapted to fit within the ignition cover by means of a clamp  22 , a seal  23 , a bearing  24 , distance sleeve  25 , a needle pin  26  and a pawl  27 .  
         [0079]    The magneto assembly shown in greater detail in the enlarged part of the drawing comprises a female housing of  6  circuits  41 , an adapter  42 , a gasket  43  and gasket  44 . Screws  28  and  29  secure the magneto assembly. Also hex nut  31 , washer  32  and a rotor with a sprag clutch assembly  34 . This is secured by a socket screw  35 . There is a sprag clutch  36  and a sprag clutch housing  37 . Cable clamp  38  also secures the magneto assembly.  
         [0080]    [0080]FIG. 19 illustrates the manual starting assembly and the electric start assembly. The manual start assembly is located on the end of the crankshaft forward of the clutch cover, whereas the electric starting assembly is located close to the crankcase. Starting from the rear and progressing forward is a needle cage  1 , a ring gear  2 , and a ring  3 . The crankshaft  44  (as show in drawings  1  through  10 ) is shown in dotted lines.  
         [0081]    There is a starting pulley  4 , an o-ring  5 , a hex screw  6 , a screw  7 , a flat washer  8 , a locking spring  9 , a stage sleeve  10  and a pawl lock  11 . The pawl is marked as  12 .  
         [0082]    A key clamp  13  is inserted between the pawl and the rope sheave  14 . A starter rope  15  is wrapped about the rope sheave  14 . A rewind spring  16  (as is in other starters) is inserted within the starter rope housing  17 . All is secured by a screw hex  18 . The rope  15  once pulled through the housing  17  is attached to a handle starting grip  19  in a normal manner.  
         [0083]    Turning to the starting motor, there is a hex screw  20  which secures electric starter assembly  21 . A cylindrical pin  22  secures double gear  23  to thrust washer  24  and spacer  25 . The electric starter assembly is a typical component and not part of the invention.  
         [0084]    [0084]FIG. 20 is a schematic, exploded view of the components of the exhaust and engine system. The exhaust exits through the front of the engine but is turned directly, rearwardly through tuned pipe  1  which is coupled by gasket  2  to the engine. A hex nut  4  by a stud  9  couples the tuned pipe to the engine, Screw  3  secures it to a bracket on the engine. Tuned pipe  1  fits directly into muffler  5 . Rubbers  6  are secured to the rear of the frame. A heat shield  11  protects the heat of the muffler from the rest of the vehicle by means of hex screws  12 . Springs  13  attach the tuned pipe  1  to the muffler  5 . The motor in this drawing is shown as  14 . As previously mentioned, motor  14  has a single cylinder however, it has two spark plugs  15  similar to aircraft engines but unique to all terrain vehicles.  
         [0085]    Also shown in FIG. 20 is a support bushing  23 . This is supported by flanged hex screw  27 . Engine bracket  16  is adapted to attach to the end of the manifold of engine  14 . By means of hex screw  27  the anti-vibration mount  20  with o-ring  22  support bushing  23  reduces the vibration caused by the exhaust system. Similarly engine bracket  26  secured by anti-vibration mounts  20 , o-rings  22 , support bushings  23 ,  24  and o-rings  22  support the other engine mount. Thus, three engine mounts are shown in FIG. 20. The carburetor  33  is supported on motor  14  at the top of the cylinder by means of clamp  34 , carburetor adaptor  31  and clamp  32 . Screws  30  are used to secure bracket  16 . A choke cable lever  37  is attached to a choke cable  35  by means of plastic nut  36 , lock washer  37  and is secured to the engine by tie raps  38  and  18 .  
         [0086]    Numeral  39  is the lever assembly. It has a lever button  40 , a nylon bushing  41 , an aluminum bushing  42  and a lever spring  43 , which are secured by a hex screw  44 . There is an upper tube  45  and a lower tube  46 . Hex flanged screw  47  and clamp retainer  49 , along with half ring  50 , hex screw  51  and elastic flanged stop  52  secure the assembly together. At the bottom of the assembly is a right hand ball joint  53  and a left hand ball joint  54 . Hex right hand jam nuts and hex left hand jam nuts  55  and  56  respectively are secured. A tie rod  57  is located between the ball joints  53  and  54 . An interlock cable is provided and is secured by clevis pin  59  and cotter pin  60 .  
         [0087]    Turning to FIG. 21, this is a schematic view of the components of the cooling system. The principal components are found to the rear of the vehicle behind the motor. The motor is shown in dotted lines and marked as  64 . The radiator is marked as  1 , it has a temperature sensor  2  located near the bottom of the radiator. The radiator is attached to the frame of the vehicle by means of bushings and grommets,  4  and  3  respectively.  
         [0088]    Attached to the rear of the radiator is an outlet deflector  5 . A fan assembly  7  is attached to the outlet deflector  5  by means of fan support  8 , hex screw  9  and nuts  6 . Hex screws  10  attach the radiator  1  and outlet deflector  5  to the frame. Washers  11  and elastic flanged nuts  12  are located at the opposite end of the brackets on the radiator.  
         [0089]    The radiator pressure cap is marked  13 . The radiator inlet hose  14  runs from the top of the motor  64  to the upper opening of the radiator  1 . Clamps  18  secure either end. An outlet radiator hose  15  runs from the bottom of the radiator  1  out to a lower portion of the motor  64  and is clamped in place. The lower hose has a protective shield  16  and the upper hose has a protective shield  26  in case of excess heat. Tie raps  17  and  28  secure the hoses in place. The radiator is also equipped with an overflow meter hose  23  which is secured to a nipple (not shown) on the radiator by means of a clamp  24 . The meter hose runs to a coolant tank  19  which has a cap  20  and male connector  22  fits onto meter hose  23  by means of clamp  24  and fits through a grommet  21 . The coolant consists of a mixture of antifreeze and water.  
         [0090]    In FIG. 22, the air intake system is shown in schematic view. The air enters at the front of the vehicle at the highest place. This is to eliminate entry of mud or water splashed up from the wheels. The air intake pipes  14 ,  16  and  17  lead to an air intake silencer or air box  1 . Rivets  2  secure the box  1 . Internal reinforcement  3  is present. Air from the air box  1  leads through a hose  6  which is held by a clamp  10  to the carburetor  65 . Clamps  10  also secure front air intake tube  14  to sleeve  16  to rear air intake tube  17 . Air is moved to the engine valve cover and the engine by means of vent hose  22 , clamps  18  and  19 , PCV valve  21 , gear clamp oetiker  27 , vent hose  26 , “Y” fitting  28 , hose  29 , hose  30  and fitting  33 .  
         [0091]    An air filter  32  is placed in the air box along with some foam  20 . Air intake tubes  11  fit within the air filter. A cover  25  is secured by cover bracket  7  to the air intake silencer  1 . The heat projector s is located on the side of the air box. Components also include a spring  13 , train tube  8  and clip retainer  9 .  
         [0092]    In summary the present invention contains a number of inventive aspects, all of which will be set forth in the following claims.