Abstract:
A secure messaging system and method. The method can include the steps of receiving an encrypted message, the message having been encrypted using a token of a corresponding pervasive device; wirelessly verifying the presence of the pervasive device; and, if the presence can be verified, decrypting the message using the token. The verification step can include the steps of establishing a wireless link with the pervasive device; and, querying the pervasive device over the wireless link. In particular, the establishing step can include the step of establishing a Bluetooth link with the pervasive device. Furthermore, the querying step can include the step of requesting geographic coordinates which locate the pervasive device.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Statement of the Technical Field 
     The present invention relates to message security and more particularly to securing electronic messages through wireless device based authentication. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Electronic messaging, and in particular, the use of electronic mail (e-mail) and instant messengers (IM), continues to grow at an astounding rate. In consequence, it appears that electronic messaging, including e-mail and IM, has become a critical mode of interpersonal communications rivaled only by wireless communications. Nevertheless, every transmitted message can result in an unintentional breach of security. In particular, when a party other than the intended recipient of the message accesses the message, the intent of a secure transaction will have been lost. 
     Technologies have been implemented in recent years to remediate some of the actual and perceived risks associated with electronic messaging. In particular, asymmetrical encryption algorithms have been applied to ensure not only that only a key-bearing recipient can access encrypted content, but also that only the intended recipient who bears the key can access the encrypted content. Still, as has become well-known in the field of short and long-range wireless communications, wireless transmissions are inherently susceptible to unauthorized capturing by third party receivers. 
     In particular, line-of-sight communications protocols have always been susceptible both to intentional and inadvertent breaches of communications security. Similarly, both proposed and maturing short-range wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and other IEEE 802.11 variants, are vulnerable to the capturing of sensitive data by unauthorized users. Wi-Fi technologies in particular have become a cause for concern in the corporate environment and, in consequence, a feverish pace of urgent development has produced several technological stop-gap measures which directly address security in Wi-Fi networks. Still, no one stop-gap measure has proven to be an effective measure for secured messaging. 
     Notwithstanding the security risks of wireless messaging, the proliferation of wireless, pervasive devices as a means for interpersonal communications is unprecedented. Many advantages associated with the use of wireless, pervasive devices in computing applications remain wholly absent from conventional computing. For instance, whereas fixed location computing ordinarily associated with the conventional computing in itself provides no added dimension, wireless, pervasive computing adds a personal dimension to computing. 
     Specifically, wireless, pervasive computing devices like cellular telephones and personal digital assistants are seldom associated with a fixed location. Rather, wireless, pervasive computing devices, more often than not, are closely associated with the locale of the user. Still, few emerging technologies appreciate the personal dimension of wireless, pervasive computing. More importantly, no emerging technologies capitalize upon the personal dimension of wireless, pervasive computing in the context of secure messaging. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is a secured messaging system and method. A secure messaging system can include a message source and a message recipient, communicatively linked to one another through a computer communications network. The system also can include a pervasive computing device personally associated with the message recipient and at least one token which uniquely identifies the pervasive computing device. The system further can include a first wireless communications receiver/transmitter disposed in the message recipient, and a second wireless communications receiver/transmitter disposed in the pervasive computing device. 
     Notably, the system can include both an encryption engine associated with the message source, and a decryption engine associated with the message recipient. In particular, the encryption engine can be configured to encrypt messages intended for the message recipient with the token. By comparison, the decryption engine can be configured to decrypt the messages with the token only when a wireless link has been is established between the first and second wireless receiver/transmitters. 
     In one aspect of the invention, the first and second wireless receiver/transmitters can be short range radio frequency receiver/transmitters. For example, the short range radio frequency receiver/transmitters can comport with the Bluetooth wireless protocol. Also, the token can include a media access control (MAC) address which corresponds to the pervasive computing device. In one alternative aspect of the invention, a geographic positioning system can be disposed in the pervasive computing device. In that alternative aspect, the token can include a set of geographic coordinates specifying a geographic position for the pervasive device. 
     A secure messaging method can include the steps of receiving an encrypted message, the message having been encrypted using a token of a corresponding pervasive device; wirelessly verifying the presence of the pervasive device; and, if the presence can be verified, decrypting the message using the token. The verification step can include the steps of establishing a wireless link with the pervasive device; and, querying the pervasive device over the wireless link. In particular, the establishing step can include the step of establishing a Bluetooth link with the pervasive device. 
     In one aspect of the inventive method, the querying step can include the step of sending a request to the pervasive device. Specifically, the request can include one of a request for the token, a request for an decryption key based upon the token, and a request for an acknowledgment of the request. In another aspect of the inventive method, the querying step can include the step of requesting geographic coordinates which locate the pervasive device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       There are shown in the drawings embodiments which are presently preferred, it being understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown, wherein: 
         FIG. 1A  is a schematic illustration of a secure messaging system in which messages are received and processed in a conventional computing device; 
         FIG. 1B  is a schematic illustration of a secure messaging system in which messages are received and processed in a pervasive computing device; and, 
         FIG. 2  is a block illustration of a process for securely communicating messages in the secure messaging system of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention is a securing messaging system. In accordance with the present invention, messages can be secured using a token linked to a pervasive computing device personally associated with the intended recipient. The secured message can be forwarded through conventional data communications channels to the intended recipient. Upon receipt, the receiving computing device of the intended recipient can retrieve the token from the pervasive device in order to access the secured message. In particular, the receiving computing device can establish a wireless communicative link with the pervasive device through which link the token can be communicated to the recipient. 
       FIG. 1A  is a schematic illustration of a secure messaging system in which messages are received and processed in a conventional computing device. The system can include two conventional computing devices  120 A,  130 A configured for data communications through a public network  110 A, for example the Internet. The conventional computing devices  120 A,  130 A can include desktop type computers, server computers, portable laptop computers, mid-range computers, mainframe computers, though the invention is not limited strictly to those computing device types enumerated herein. 
     Importantly, the conventional computing device  130 A can be further configured for short range wireless communications, including infrared communications and short range radio frequency communications. Examples of short range radio frequency communications include Wi-Fi™ (IEEE 802.11(b)) and other 802.11 variants, as well as Bluetooth communications and other 802.15 variants, though the invention is not limited to any particular short range radio frequency communications technology. In any case, the conventional computing device  130 A can establish and maintain a data communications link over the short range wireless communications channel with the pervasive computing device  160 A. 
     The pervasive computing device  160 A can be any such device having a personal dimension, including, for example, a data ready cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a pager, or an embedded system in a vehicle or article of clothing. Significantly, the pervasive computing device  160 A can have associated therewith a token  150 A. The token  150 A can be any identifier suitable for definitively identifying the pervasive computing device  160 A. One example of a suitable identifier can include a MAC address or other such hardware serial number. The token  150 A can be forwarded to the conventional computing device  120 A. Subsequently, when a message is to be sent over the public network  110 A to the conventional computing device  130 A, the message first can be uniquely secured using the token  150 A. 
     In that regard, both symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques are well-known in the art and, in consequence, the message can be secured with such techniques using the token  150 A as an encryption key or as the seed for generating an encryption/decryption key pair. As a result, the secured message  140 A can be forwarded to the conventional computing device  130 A without fear of an authorized recipient accessing the secured message  140 A. Once received, the conventional computing device  130 A can establish a wireless link with the pervasive device  160 A. Only when the wireless link has been effectively established between the pervasive computing device  160 A and the conventional computing device  130 A can a token  150 A be exchanged between the two. 
     Once exchanged, the token  150 A can be used to formulate the decryption key necessary to decrypt the secured message  140 A. Alternatively, where the token  150 A is the decryption key, no formulation will be required. In any event, in view of the personal dimension of the pervasive computing device  160 A, the proximity of the pervasive computing device  160 A to the conventional computing device  130 A can be used to increase the probability that the recipient of the secured message is the intended recipient. Moreover, where only the token  150 A and not the encryption key has been wireless communicated between the conventional computing device  130 A and the pervasive computing device  160 A, the insecurities associated with short range wireless communications can be circumvented. 
     Importantly, while in  FIG. 1A , the conventional computing devices  120 A,  130 A are shown to be computers likely associated with a fixed location, the invention is not so limited. Rather, in other aspects of the present invention, the conventional computing devices  120 A,  130 A can include other pervasive computing devices such as a PDA, data enabled cellular telephone, paging device, or other such embedded system. In that regard,  FIG. 1B  is a schematic illustration of a secure messaging system in which messages forwarded by a conventional computing device are received and processed in a pervasive computing device. 
     The system of  FIG. 1B  can include a conventional computing device  120 B and a first pervasive computing device  130 B, both configured for data communications through a public network  110 B, for example the Internet, via a wireless gateway  180 B configured to support communications with the first pervasive computing device  130 B. As in the case of  FIG. 1A , in the system of  FIG. 1B , the first pervasive computing device  130 B can be further configured for short range wireless communications, including infrared communications and short range radio frequency communications. Using a short range wireless communications channel, the first pervasive computing device  130 B can establish and maintain a data communications link with a second pervasive computing device  160 B. 
     The second pervasive computing device  160 B can have associated therewith a token  150 B. As before, the token  150 B can be any identifier suitable for definitively identifying the second pervasive computing device  160 B, including, for example, a MAC address or other such hardware serial number. Prior to engaging in secure communications between the conventional computing device  120 B and the first pervasive computing device  130 B, the token  150 B can be forwarded to the conventional computing device  120 B. Subsequently, when a message is to be sent over the public network  110 B to the first pervasive computing device  130 B, the message first can be uniquely secured using the token  150 B. 
     In particular, the message can be secured with such techniques using the token  150 B as an encryption key or as the seed for generating an encryption key. As a result, the secured message  140 B can be forwarded to the first pervasive computing device  130 B without fear of an authorized recipient accessing the secured message  140 B. Once received, the first pervasive computing device  130 B can establish a wireless link with the second pervasive computing device  160 B. Only when the wireless link has been effectively established between both pervasive computing devices  130 B,  160 B can a token  150 B be exchanged between the two. Once exchanged, the token  150 B can be used to formulate the decryption key necessary to decrypt the secured message  140 B. Alternatively, where the token  150 B is the decryption key, no formulation will be required. 
     In any event, in view of the personal dimension of the second pervasive computing device  160 B, the proximity of the second pervasive computing device  160 B to the first pervasive computing device  130 B can be used to increase the probability that the recipient of the secured message is the intended recipient. Moreover, where only the token  150 B and not the encryption key has been wireless communicated between the pervasive computing devices  130 B,  160 B, the insecurities associated with short range wireless communications can be circumvented. 
       FIG. 2  is a block illustration of a process for securely communicating messages in the secure messaging system of the present invention. In accordance with the present invention, a message source  210  can securely exchange messages  200  in encrypted form  250  with a message recipient  220 . In particular, the messages  200  can be placed in encrypted form  250  using an encryption key based upon a token  240 . The token  240  can be any suitable identifier which uniquely identifies a pervasive computing device  230  personally associated with the message recipient  220 . Though many such identifiers are contemplated, examples can include the MAC address of the pervasive computing device  230 , or even the geographic position of the pervasive computing device  230 . Notably, the token  240  can be acquired by the message source  210  both directly from the pervasive computing device  230 , or indirectly through a peer-to-peer indexing scheme, or through a centralized registry. 
     Once in encrypted form  250 , the message  200  can be forwarded to the recipient. Advantageously, the recipient&#39;s identity can be ensured by requiring the presence of the pervasive computing device  230  when decrypting the message  200  in its encrypted form  250 . In particular, the presence of the pervasive computing device  230  can be confirmed using several techniques. In one preferred aspect of the invention, the decryption key which can be formulated based upon the token  240  can be forwarded to the pervasive computing device  230  by the message source  210 . When the message recipient  220  attempts to access the message  200  in its encrypted form  250 , the message client in the message recipient can query the pervasive computing device  230  for the decryption key. 
     Notwithstanding, other configurations are equally preferred. For instance, in an alternative preferred embodiment, the encryption key which had been formulated based upon the token  240  can be pre-stored in the pervasive computing device  230 . In another alternative preferred embodiment, a notification can be forwarded to the pervasive computing device  230  in response to the receipt by the message recipient  220  of the encrypted form  250  of the message  200 . The notification can request that the pervasive computing device  230  establish a communicative link with the message source  210  in order to retrieve the decryption key. 
     In yet another alternative embodiment, the encryption key can be forwarded with the encrypted form  250  of the message  200  to the message recipient  220 . Upon receipt, the message recipient  220  can query the pervasive computing device  230  for the token. Moreover, as it is known that in some short range communications protocols, device identifiers can be transmitted as a matter of course in communications, in some short range communications protocols when combined with the present invention, merely a proceed or not to proceed query and query response can be exchanged between the message recipient  220  and the pervasive computing device  230 . 
     Notably, aside from hardware identifiers, the token  240  can include the geographic position of the pervasive computing device  230 . In that regard, the message  200  can be placed in encrypted form  250  according to a proposed geographic position of the pervasive computing device  230 . Where the actual geographic position of the pervasive computing device  230  compares favorably to the proposed geographic position upon receipt of the message  200  in its encrypted form  250 , the decryption key to,m required to access the message  200  can be computed based upon the geographic position of the pervasive computing device  230 . 
     In view of the personal dimension of the pervasive computing device which, as described herein, typically will be required to access secure messages exchanged between a message source and message recipient, it will be recognized that communicative difficulties can arise where the pervasive computing device has been damaged, discarded, misplaced, lost or stolen by the message recipient. To circumvent such infrequent circumstances, in accordance with the present invention, the message recipient can establish an auxiliary communicative link with the message source in order to receive the decryption key upon establishing the identity of the message recipient to the satisfaction of the message source. 
     The present invention can be implemented as a computer performed process within hardware, software or a combination of hardware and software. An implementation of the method and system of the present invention can be realized in a centralized fashion in one computer system, or in a distributed fashion where different elements are spread across several interconnected computer systems. Any kind of computer system, or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein, is suited to perform the functions described herein. 
     A typical combination of hardware and software could be a general purpose computer system with a computer program that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein. The present invention can also be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which, when loaded in a computer system is able to carry out these methods. 
     Computer program or application in the present context means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form. Significantly, this invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and accordingly, reference should be had to the following claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicating the scope of the invention.