Abstract:
A mobile unit includes a handset and a removable storage module having a unique storage module identity, for storing information specific to a user, including an Internet Protocol (IP) address. Additional information regarding a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) and International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) which uniquely identifies the subscriber is also stored in the removable storage module. Upon successfully camping on a cell of a mobile network, the IP address is forwarded to an IP-based network capable of communicating with the mobile unit. In an alternate embodiment, the mobile unit has multi-network capabilities which allow it to communicate with an IP-based network and a cellular network at the same time. In another embodiment, existing cellular network services for the mobile unit having multi-network capabilities are routed through the IP-based network.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of, and claims priority from, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/646,491, filed Dec. 23, 2009, which is to issue as U.S. Pat. No. 8,364,198 on Jan. 29, 2013, which claims priority from, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/441,432, filed on May 20, 2003, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,640,038 on Dec. 29, 2009, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/382,361, filed on May 22, 2002, which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is related to the identification of users of wireless equipment. More specifically, such wireless equipment may be identified using an Internet Protocol (IP) address stored therein to access an IP-based network. 
     BACKGROUND 
     In GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) systems, a mobile station (MS) consists of a wireless terminal (i.e., handset) and a removable smart card called a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM). In 3 rd  Generation (3G) Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTSs), User Equipment (UE) consists of mobile equipment (ME) and a removable smart card called the UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM). The ME communicates with a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) node, which in turn, may establish a connection to a Circuit Switched (CS) or Packet Switched (PS) Core network. 
     An International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) uniquely identifies the mobile equipment. The SIM or USIM card contains an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) which uniquely identifies the subscriber. The IMEI and the IMSI are independent, thereby allowing personal mobility. 
     In the case of 3G UMTSs, a base station controller corresponds to a radio network controller (RNC). There, a plurality of base stations are controlled by a node B, which in turn has a connection to the RNC. 
     The SIM or the USIM provides personal mobility so that a user can have access to subscribed services irrespective of a specific terminal. By inserting the SIM card into another GSM or 3G terminal, the user is able to receive calls, make calls and receive other subscribed services from that terminal. 
       FIG. 1  shows a conventional 3G UMTS  100  which includes a typical MS or UE  105  having a handset  110  with a respective USIM or SIM card  115  inserted therein. The USIM or SIM card  115  stores Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) information and IMSI information. When a request to connect the MS  110  is received (by dialing or receiving a call) (S 1 ), the PLMN and IMSI information is transferred from the USIM or SIM card  115  to the handset  110  for facilitating an initial cell search and to camp on the cell determined from the search (S 2 ). A communication link between the MS or UE  105  and a UTRAN node  120  is established, and system information is sent from the UTRAN node  120  to the MS or UE  105  (S 3 A, S 3 B). In response, the MS or UE  105  sends a connection request including the stored IMSI information to the UTRAN node  120  (S 4 ). Once the connection is granted by the UTRAN node  120  ( 55 A, S 5 B), the MS or UE  105  may be used to request a transfer and/or connection to a CS or PS Core network  125  (S 6 A, S 6 B). Once the MS or UE  105  is connected to the Core network  125  (S 6 B), data may be transferred between the Core network and the MS or UE  105  (S 7 ). 
     Protocol enhancements, specified by 3GPP TS 23.003, allow transparent routing of IP datagrams to mobile nodes in the Internet. An IP datagram is the fundamental unit of information passed across any network utilizing the Internet protocol. An IP datagram contains source and destination addresses, along with data and a number of fields that define such things as the length of the datagram, the header checksum and flags that indicate whether the datagram can be (or has been) fragmented. 
     Each mobile node is always identified by its home address, regardless of its current point of attachment to the Internet. A mobile node is a host or router that changes its point of attachment from one network or sub-network to another. A mobile node may change its location without changing its IP address. Thus, a mobile node may continue to communicate with other Internet nodes at any location using its constant IP address, assuming link-layer connectivity to a point of attachment is available. 
     When located away from its home, a mobile node is also associated with a care-of address, which provides information about its current point of attachment to the Internet. The care-of address is the termination point of a tunnel toward a mobile node. A tunnel is the path followed by a datagram while it is encapsulated. A foreign agent care-of message is an address of a foreign agent with which the mobile node is registered. A co-located care-of message is an externally obtained local address which the mobile node has associated with one of its own network interfaces. 
     The protocol provides for registering the care-of address with a home agent. A home agent is a router on a mobile node&#39;s home network which tunnels data grams for delivery to the mobile node when it is away from home, and maintains current location information for the mobile node. The home agent sends data grams destined for the mobile node through a tunnel to the care-of address. After arriving at the end of the tunnel, each datagram is then delivered to the mobile node. 
     In Internet routing, a care-of address is a temporary IP address for a mobile node (mobile device) that enables message delivery when the device is connecting from somewhere other than its home network. The care-of address identifies a mobile node&#39;s current point of attachment to the Internet and makes it possible to connect from a different location without changing the device&#39;s home address (permanent IP address). This works similarly to the way the postal system might forward letters through a care-of address: messages sent to the known permanent address are rerouted to the care-of address while the recipient can be reached there. Thus, the recipient avoids having to change their official address to the temporary one when they change their location, and change it back again when they return home. 
     When a mobile device is away from its home network, it is assigned a care-of address. This may be a foreign agent care-of address, which is the static IP address of a foreign agent on a visited network, or a co-located care-of address, which is a temporary IP address assigned to the mobile node. A co-located care-of address may be acquired through some means such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or may be a longer-term address assigned a device for connecting through a specific foreign network. Mobile IP, as defined in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 2002 specifications, registers the care-of address with a home agent which resides on the home network. When a message for the mobile node is delivered to the home network, the home agent intercepts the message and tunnels it to the recipient at the care-of address. 
     UEs can only be operated if a valid IMSI is present. An IMSI is primarily intended for obtaining PLMN information by subscribers for individual charging purposes. Current cellular systems, however, do not address the use of an MS or UE in the context of an IP-based network. As the use of IP-based networks becomes ubiquitous, the lack of IP-enabled functionality will present a problem for many MS or UE users. 
     SUMMARY 
     As cellular systems move towards incorporating the features of an IP-based network, it is important to improve the functionality of an MS or UE (hereinafter “mobile unit”) with an IP address. The present invention identifies the mobile unit by an IP address stored in a SIM, USIM or any smart card that is being used in the mobile unit. Examples of the type of IP addresses covered are IPv4, IPv6 and care of addresses used in Mobile IP. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the mobile unit includes a handset and a removable storage module (e.g., SIM, USIM). The handset has a unique handset identity for transmitting, receiving and processing wireless communications. The removable storage module has a unique storage module identity for storing information specific to a user, including an IP address. Furthermore, the removable storage module may store PLMN information, IMSI information and User information. The handset selectively transmits such information to one or more networks for establishing a communications link with the networks. 
     The removable storage unit of the mobile unit may use the IMSI information and the IP address to access both an IP-based network and a cellular network at the same time, thus allowing a user of the mobile to access the cellular network for carrying out voice communications while querying an IP-based network for data. 
     Alternatively, the mobile unit may drop an established connection with one first network and route existing services associated with the first network through a second network. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a conventional 3G UMTS which includes a typical MS or UE. 
         FIG. 2  shows a mobile unit including a handset and a removable storage module configured in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates the types of information stored in the removable storage module of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is a system diagram illustrating how the mobile unit of  FIG. 2  communicates with a cellular network and an IP-based network in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a system diagram illustrating how the mobile unit of  FIG. 2  communicates with an All IP network in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  is a system diagram illustrating how the mobile unit of  FIG. 2  communicates with a UTRAN node and Core network/IP network in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  is a system diagram illustrating how the mobile unit of  FIG. 2  communicates with a UTRAN node, Circuit Switched network and All IP network in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  is a flow chart illustrating the method steps for establishing communications between the mobile unit of  FIG. 2  and a plurality of networks whereby existing services associated with one network are routed through another network in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  is a flow chart illustrating the method steps for establishing simultaneous communications between the mobile unit of  FIG. 2  and a plurality of networks in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 2  shows a mobile unit  200  that is assigned an IP address which permits the mobile unit  200  to operate if the IP address is valid. The IMSI and the IP address can coexist in the mobile unit  200 , which can be identified by either an IMSI, an IP address or both. 
     The mobile unit  200  includes a handset  205  having a unique handset identity for transmitting, receiving and processing wireless communications. The mobile unit  200  further includes a removable storage module  210 , having a unique storage module identity, which stores information specific to a user. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the stored information in the removable storage module  210  includes an IP address  340 . The IP address  340  is used to gain access to an IP-based network for facilitating the transfer of data to and from the IP-based network. The stored information further includes PLMN information  320 , IMSI information  330  and User information  350 . The removable storage module  210  may be a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) or any other type of smart card. 
       FIG. 4  shows a system  400  including at least one mobile unit  200 , a cellular network  405  and an IP-based network  410 . The mobile unit  200  selectively transmits an IP address  340  and IMSI information  330 , stored in the removable storage module  210  (shown in  FIG. 2 ) of the mobile unit  200 , to one or more networks, such as a cellular network  405  and an IP-based network  410 . The mobile unit  200  has multi-network capabilities allowing it to communicate with the IP-based network  410  and the cellular network  405  at the same time. The mobile unit  200  communicates with the cellular network  405 , via a connection established using the IMSI information  330  (S 8 , S 9 ), to transmit and receive cellular services (S 10 ). The mobile unit  200  communicates with the IP-based network  410  (S 11 , S 12 ) using the IP address to transmit and receive IP data services (S 13 ). In one embodiment, the connection established with the cellular network  405  may be dropped and the existing cellular network services may be provided through the IP-based network  410 . In another embodiment, mobile unit  200  may simultaneously communicate with the cellular network  405  and the IP-based network  410 . Alternatively, mobile unit  200  may communicate with a wireless local area network (LAN), rather than IP-based network  410 . 
       FIG. 5  shows a system  500  including at least one mobile unit  200  and an All IP network  505  capable of exchanging messages with the mobile unit  200 . The mobile unit  200  has stored therein an IP address which allows the mobile unit to connect to the All IP network  505  without going through a cellular network, provided the mobile unit is able to access the IP network at the physical layer. When a request to connect the mobile unit  200  is received (by dialing or receiving a call) (S 14 ), the PLMN information  320 , IP address  340  and User information  350  are transferred from the removable storage module  210  to the handset  205  for facilitating an initial cell search and to camp on the cell determined from the search (S 15 ). A communication link between the mobile unit  200  and the All IP network  505  is established, and system information is sent from the All IP network  505  to the mobile unit  200  ( 516 A,  516 B). In response, the mobile unit  200  sends a connection request including the stored IP address  340  and User information  350  to the All IP network  505  (S 17 ). Once the connection is granted by the All IP network  505  ( 518 A,  518 B), the transfer of data between the mobile unit  200  and the All IP network  505  may commence (S 19 ). 
       FIG. 6  shows a system  600  including at least one mobile unit  200 , a UTRAN node  605  and a Core network/IP network  610 . When a request to connect the mobile unit  200  is received (by dialing or receiving a call) (S 20 ), the PLMN information  320 , IMSI information  330  and IP address  340  are transferred from the removable storage module  210  to the handset  205  for facilitating an initial cell search and to camp on the cell determined from the search (S 21 ). A communication link between the mobile unit  200  and the UTRAN node  605  is established, and system information is sent from the UTRAN node  605  to the mobile unit  200  (S 22 A, S 22 B). In response, the mobile unit  200  sends a connection request including the stored IMSI information  330  to the UTRAN node  605  (S 23 ). Once the connection is granted by the UTRAN node  605  (S 24 A, S 24 B), the mobile unit  200  may be used to request a transfer and/or connection to the CS or PS Core network/IP network  610  (S 25 A, S 25 B), whereby the UTRAN node  605  forwards the IP address  340  to the Core network/IP network  610  (S 25 B). Once the mobile unit  200  is connected to the Core network/IP network  610 , data may be transferred between the Core network/IP network  610  and the mobile unit  200  (S 26 ). 
       FIG. 7  shows a system  700  including at least one mobile unit  200 , a UTRAN node  705 , a Circuit Switched network  710  and an All IP network  715 . When a request to connect the mobile unit  200  is received (by dialing or receiving a call) (S 27 ), the PLMN information  320 , IMSI information  330 , IP address  340  and User information  350  are transferred from the removable storage module  210  to the handset  205  for facilitating an initial cell search and to camp on the cell determined from the search (S 28 ). A communication link between the mobile unit  200  and the UTRAN node  705  is established, and system information is sent from the UTRAN node  705  to the mobile unit  200  (S 29 A, S 29 B). In response, the mobile unit  200  sends a connection request including the stored IMSI information  330  to the UTRAN node  705  (S 30 ). Once the connection is granted by the UTRAN node  705  (S 31 A, S 31 B), the mobile unit  200  may be used to request a transfer and/or connection to the Circuit Switched network  710  (S 32 A, S 32 B). Once the mobile unit  200  is connected to the Circuit Switched network  710 , data may be transferred between the Circuit Switched network  710  and the mobile unit  200  (S 33 ). The mobile unit  200  also sends a connection request including the stored IP address  340  and User information  350  to the All IP network  715  (S 34 ). Once the connection is granted by the All IP network  715  (S 35 A, S 35 B), the transfer of data between the mobile unit  200  and the All IP network  505  may commence independent of other connections to circuit switched data (S 36 ). 
       FIG. 8  is a flow chart illustrating method steps for implementing one embodiment of the present invention, whereby communications are established between a mobile unit  200  and a plurality of networks. The mobile unit  200  includes a removable storage module  210  having a unique storage module identity, as described herein. In step  805 , information specific to a user is provided in the removable storage module  210 . The information includes an IP address. In step  810 , the mobile unit  200  communicates with a first one of said networks via an established connection. In step  815 , the mobile unit  200  accesses a second one of the networks using the IP address. In step  820 , the mobile unit  200  drops the established connection with the first network and routes existing services associated with the first network through the second network. The first network may be a cellular network and the second network may be an IP network. 
       FIG. 9  is a flow chart illustrating method steps for implementing another embodiment of the present invention, whereby communications are established between a mobile unit  200  and a plurality of networks. The mobile unit  200  includes a removable storage module  210  having a unique storage module identity, as described herein. In step  905 , information specific to a user is provided in the removable storage module  210 . The information includes an IP address. In step  910 , the mobile unit  200  communicates with a first one of said networks via an established connection. In step  915 , the mobile unit  200  accesses a second one of the networks using the IP address. In step  920 , the mobile unit  200  simultaneously communicates with the first and second networks. As shown in  FIG. 9 , the first network may be a cellular network and the second network may be an IP network. 
     The present invention has several key benefits over prior art systems. First, the IP address stored in the mobile unit  200  can be used in scenarios for handoff between a cellular system and a Wireless LAN (Local Area Network). Second, if the mobile unit  200  has an IP address with which it can be identified, then it is possible to connect to an IP-based network, such as the Internet, without going through a cellular network. 
     While the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, other variations which are within the scope of the invention as outlined in the claims below will be apparent to those skilled in the art.