Abstract:
In an active matrix panel, a pixel matrix which includes a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of source lines, and thin film transistors is formed on a first transparent substrate. A second transparent substrate is formed opposite to the first transparent substrate. A liquid crystal material is disposed between the first and second transparent substrates. A gate line driver circuit and a source line driver circuit are formed by a P-type, an N-type, a complementary type thin film transistors (including silicon film) or the like on the first transparent substrate. Also, a data processing circuit for performing mask processing or the like is formed by the thin film transistors or the like on the first transparent substrate.

Description:
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/914,906, filed on Aug. 10, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,348,971 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/539,051, filed on Oct. 4, 1995 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,798,394 issued Sep. 28, 2004). 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to an active matrix panel using thin film transistors (TFTs). 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
       FIG. 12  shows a conventional active matrix panel. In an active matrix panel  12001 , as disclosed in Japanese Patent unexamined published No. 1-289917, a source line driver circuit  12002 , a gate line driver circuit  12003 , and a pixel matrix  12004  are formed on the same (single) substrate. 
     The source line driver circuit  12002  has a shift register  12005  and a sample holding circuit  12006  formed by TFTs and is connected to the pixel matrix  12004  through a source line  12007 . 
     The gate line driver circuit  12003  has a shift register  12008  and a buffer circuit  12009  and is connected with the pixel matrix  12004  through a gate line  12010 . 
     In the pixel matrix  12004 , a pixel  12012  is formed at a intersection of the source line  12007  and the gate line  12010  and has a TFT  12013  and a liquid crystal cell  12014 . 
       FIG. 13  shows a system for processing image data stored in a memory device such as a random access memory (RAM) using a software by a microcomputer. This system has a liquid crystal display device  13001 , a digital signal/analog signal converting circuit (D/A converting circuit)  13002 , an image data memory device  13003 , an image processing system  13004  including a microcomputer (not shown), a data bus  13005 , and an address bus  13006 . Numeral  13007  represents a memory device control signal, numeral  13008  represents a control signal for the liquid crystal display device  13001  and the D/A converting circuit  13002 . 
     The operation is described below. The contents of image processing are programmed by C language or the like and then compiled in the system  13004 . In accordance with the contents of the image processing, the image data stored in the memory device  13003  is read out on the data bus  13005 , and then data processing is performed by the system  13004 . The processed image data is stored in the memory device  13003  or displayed on the liquid crystal display device  13001  through the DA converting circuit  13002 . Thus, the liquid crystal display device  13001  has only function for displaying the image data. 
     In a conventional active matrix panel, there are the following problems. 
     (1) Miniaturization of a Display Device and a System is Hindered. 
     Conventionally, as shown in  FIG. 12 , since an active matrix panel has only a circuit for driving each pixel in a pixel matrix, access to a circuit for displaying the pixel circuit, in particular, an image processing system, is performed from an external of the active matrix panel. Recently, because of increase of image data and complication of data processing, processing in an external is increased, so that the amount of the data processing exceeds processing capacity of a microprocessing unit (MPU). Accordingly, in order to decrease the amount of data processing of the MPU, an exclusive external processing unit is incorporated in a semiconductor integrated circuit. However, this increases the number of parts for an image display apparatus having image processing operation and hinders miniaturization of a system. 
     (2) A Region which is not Used is Present in a Panel. 
     Since a conventional active matrix panel includes driver circuits for pixels, gate lines and source lines, a region which is not used is present in a panel. If an external part can be arranged in the region, further miniaturization of a display system can be performed by effectively using a physical space. 
     (3) A High Speed Operation of a System for Performing Image Processing is Prevented. 
     In order to control pixels, it is necessary to operate an MPU in a system other than a panel. However, since an image processing technique is complexed year by year and therefore a software is complexed and increased, a data processing time of an MPU is increased and an access time to a memory device is also increased. This is because an MPU ensures a data bus to access the memory device. To solve this, it is effective to perform parallel processing by using a special purpose hardware. However, the number of parts increases. Therefore, the number of parts is decreased. By this, a system cannot be operated at a high speed, so that a process time of a MPU is further increased. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide an active matrix panel having a high speed with miniaturization. 
     According to the present invention, there is provided an active matrix panel including: a first transparent substrate; a second transparent substrate arranged opposite to the first transparent substrate; a liquid crystal material arranged between the first and second transparent substrate, wherein the first transparent substrate includes, a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of source lines, a plurality of pixel thin film transistors formed in intersections of the gate lines and the source lines, a gate line driver circuit which is formed by first thin film transistors and connected to the gate lines, a source line driver circuit which is formed by second thin film transistors and connected to the source line, and 
     a processing circuit, formed by the third thin film transistors, for processing signals supplied to the source lines. 
     The processing circuit has at least one of the following elements: 
     (1) a standard clock generator circuit constructed by a P-type, an N-type or a complementary type MOS transistor formed using a silicon film, or a thin film diode of MIM (metal-insulator metal), NIN, PIP, PIN, NIP or the like; 
     (2) a counter circuit constructed by a P-type, an N-type or a complementary type MOS transistor formed using a silicon film, or a thin film diode of MIM (metal-insulator metal), NIN, PIP, PIN, NIP or the like; 
     (3) a divider circuit constructed by a P-type, an N-type or a complementary type MOS transistor formed using a silicon film, or a thin film diode of MIM (metal-insulator metal), NIN, PIP, PIN, NIP or the like; 
     (4) a transferring element circuit for transferring a signal from external to the active matrix panel, constructed by a P-type, an N-type or a complementary type MOS transistor formed using a silicon film, or a thin film diode of MIM (metal-insulator metal), NIN, PIP, PIN, NIP or the like; 
     (5) a transferring element circuit for transferring a signal from the active matrix panel to the external, constructed by a P-type, an N-type or a complementary type MOS transistor formed using a silicon film, or a thin film diode of MIM (metal-insulator metal), NIN, PIP, PIN, NIP or the like; and 
     (6) a transferring element circuit for transferring a signal from the active matrix panel to external and transferring a signal from the external to the active matrix panel, constructed by a P-type, an N-type or a complementary type MOS transistor formed using a silicon film, or a thin film diode of MIM (metal-insulator metal), NIN, PIP, PIN, NIP or the like. 
     In the above structure of the present invention, the image data is read out from a plurality of memory devices for storing image data under readout control and then processed, so that the processed image data is transferred to pixels to display the image data on the pixels. That is, in the active matrix panel, a pixel matrix is driven, and further, processing, signal transfer from the active matrix panel to the external, and control of memory devices can be performed. 
     Therefore, without operation of an MPU, image data is processed and displayed on the pixel matrix by direct accesses to the plurality of memory devices, and the number of parts for data processing can be small. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows an active matrix panel of an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  shows a display system of the embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  shows steps of an algorithm for mask processing; 
         FIGS. 4A and 4B  show examples of image data; 
         FIG. 5  shows steps of an algorithm which data is weighted for mask processing; 
         FIG. 6  shows a pixel range in which mask processing is performed; 
         FIG. 7  shows a display system of another embodiment; 
         FIGS. 8 and 9  show a bidirectional buffer; 
         FIG. 10  shows an example of mask processing to a portion of display area; 
         FIG. 11  shows an active matrix panel of another embodiment; 
         FIG. 12  shows a conventional active matrix panel; and 
         FIG. 13  shows a conventional data processing system. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Embodiment 1 
     In the embodiment, a method for mask processing (decrease of noise of an image) is described as concrete image processing. The mask processing is necessary to correct an image, in particular, to remove isolated point noise in a case wherein image data is produced from image reading apparatus such as a handy scanner. 
       FIG. 1  shows an active matrix panel of Embodiment 1, and the following circuits are formed on the same transparent substrate. 
     In an active matrix panel  1001 , a source line  1002  having N-lines and a gate line  1003  having M-lines are provided at a matrix form, and pixels  1004  are connected to intersections of the source line  1002  and the gate line  1003 , respectively. Accordingly, since the pixels  1004  are provided at N×M matrices by arranging N-pixels in a horizontal direction (X-direction) and M-pixels in a vertical direction (Y-direction), a desired one of the pixels  1004  can be determined by designating an address A(x,y). 
     The source line  1002  is connected to a source driver circuit  1024  through sample hold circuits  1005 . The gate line  1003  is connected to the outputs of a gate driver circuit  1023 . A clock line  1006  and a start line  1007  are connected to the inputs of the gate driver circuit  1023 . A video line  1008  is connected to the input of the sample hold circuit  1005 . A clock line  1009  and a start line  1010  are connected to the source driver circuit  1024 . The gate driver circuit  1023  and the source driver circuit  1024  are formed by using a P-type, an N-type, or a complementary type MOS thin film transistor (TFT), or a thin film diode of MIM (metal-insulator metal), NIN, PIP, PIN, NIP or the like. 
     Also, in the active matrix panel  1001 , a circuit for designating an address of the pixels  1004  to be mask-processed is provided. Through a standard clock line  1026 , the output of a standard clock generating circuit  1025  is connected to an X-coordinate counter circuit  1011  for counting an X-coordinate value, a Y-coordinate counter circuit  1012  for counting a Y-coordinate value, and a memory device control circuit  1013  for generating a clock signal to control read and write to external memory devices (not shown). The outputs of the counter circuits  1011  and  1012  are sequentially connected to a coordinate converting circuit  1015  which is connected to an address holding circuit  1016 , address buffers  1018 , and address buses  1019 , and output to an external control portion (not shown). The output of the memory device control circuit  1013  is connected to the external control portion outside the active matrix panel  1001  through a clock buffer  1027  by a signal on an averaging start signal line  1028 . The counter circuits  1011  and  1012 , the memory device control circuit  1013 , the coordinate converting circuit  1015 , and the address holding circuit  1016  are formed by using a P-type, an N-type, or a complementary type MOS TFT, or a thin film diode of MIM (metal-insulator metal), NIN, PIP, PIN, NIP or the like. 
     Further, in the active matrix panel  1001 , a data processing circuit  1014  for performing image processing is provided. An input and output control circuit  1017  which can read and write data, an input and output select signal line  1020 , bidirectional buffers  1021 , and data buses  1022  are sequentially connected to the data processing circuit  1014 , and each element can input and output a signal (data). The data buses  1022  are connected to the external control portion outside the active matrix panel  1001 . The data processing circuit  1014  and the input and output control circuit  1017  are formed by using a P-type, an N-type, or a complementary type MOS TFT, or a thin film diode of MIM (metal-insulator metal), NIN, PIP, PIN, NIP or the like. 
       FIG. 2  shows a display system. A memory device  2001  for storing image data and a microprocessing unit (MPU)  2002  for controlling the entire system are provided outside the active matrix panel  1001 . By the address buses  1019 , the outputs of the active matrix panel  1001  and the MPU  2002  are connected to the memory device  2001 . Also, by the data buses  1022 , the bidirectional buffer  1021  of the active matrix panel  1001 , the memory device  2001 , and the MPU  2002  can input and output a signal (data). The data buses  1022  are connected to a D/A converter  2003 . The D/A converter  2003  is connected to the active matrix panel  1001  through the video signal line  1008 . By a memory device control line  2004 , the active matrix panel  1001  is connected to the memory device  2001  and the MPU  2002 . Also, by a control signal line  2005 , the active matrix panel  1001  is connected to the MPU  2002 . 
       FIGS. 8 and 9  show examples of a bidirectional buffer. In  FIG. 8 , an output pin  8001  is connected to a connection terminal connecting a drain electrode of a P-type transistor  8002  with a source electrode of an N-type transistor  8003 . A gate electrode of the P-type transistor  8002  is connected to the output of an NAND circuit  8004 , and a gate electrode of the N-type transistor  8003  is connected to the output of an NOR circuit  8005 . One of input terminals of the NAND circuit  8004  is connected to an input pin  8009 , and the other input terminal of the NAND circuit  8004  is connected to an inverter circuit  8006 . Also, one of input terminals of the NOR circuit  8005  is connected to the input pin  8009 , and the other input terminal of the NOR circuit  8005  is connected to an inverter circuit  8007 . The output of the inverter circuit  8007  is connected to the inverter circuit  8006 . An output state control pin  8008  is connected to the inverter circuit  8007 . 
     In  FIG. 9 , a bidirectional pin  9001  is connected to an output terminal of a tristate buffer  9002  and an input terminal of an input buffer  9003 . The tristate buffer  9002  is connected to an input pin  9004  and an input and output select pin  9005 . The input buffer  9003  is connected to an input pin  9006 . 
     In mask processing, when a signal on the averaging start signal line  1028  is a H (high) level, in synchronous with a clock signal generated by the standard clock generating circuit  1025 , the X- and Y-coordinate counter circuits  1011  and  1012  count up a coordinate (x,y), from the coordinate (2,2), sequentially. 
     When the signal on the averaging start signal line  1028  is a L (low) level, the X- and Y-coordinate counter circuits  1011  and  1012  stop count of the coordinate, so that the coordinate (x,y) is determined. In the coordinate converting circuit  1015 , an address A(x,y) of the pixels  1004  is determined in accordance with the coordinate (x,y). Therefore, image data D(x,y) of the address A(x,y) in the pixels  1004  is mask-processed. 
       FIG. 3  shows steps of algorithm for mask processing. The address A(x,y) determined by the coordinate converting circuit  1015  is stored in the address holding circuit  1016  and output to the memory device  2001  through the address buffers  1018  and the address buses  1019  at the same time. The image data D(x,y) is read out from the memory device  2001  by the MPU  2002  and output to the data processing circuit  1014 . As the image data, gradation data is used. 
     In  FIG. 4A , eight addresses A(x−1,y−1), A(x,y−1), A(x+1,y−1), A(x−1,y), A(x+1,y), A(x−1,y+1), A(x,y+1), and A(x+1,y+1) around the address A(x,y) in the pixels  1004  are generated. Therefore, in  FIG. 4B , image data D(x−1,y−1), D(x,y−1), D(x+1,y−1), D(x−1,y), D(x+1,y), D(x−1,y+1), D(x,y+1), and D(x+1,y+1) corresponding to these addresses A(x,y) are sequentially read out from the memory device  2001  and output to the data processing circuit  1014 . In the data processing circuit  1014 , these image data D(x,y) are sequentially added. The added result is divided by nine corresponding to the total number of the image data D, to obtain the averaged image data D′(x,y) of the address A(x,y). 
     When a write signal is input from the memory device control circuit  1013  to the memory device  2001 , through the address buffers  1018  and address buses  1019 , the address A(x,y) is input from the address holding circuit  1016  to the memory device  2001  and stored. At the same time, through the data buses  1022 , the averaged image data D′(x,y) is input from the data processing circuit  1014  to the memory device  2001  and stored. 
     The above processing is performed for the pixels  1004  with respect to addresses A(2,2) to A(N−1,M−1), as shown in  FIG. 6 , to mask-process the entire image. 
     In order to perform the algorithm of  FIG. 3 , the memory device control circuit  1013  is set to be a read state and input and output of the bidirectional buffers  1021  may be changed by the input and output control circuit  1017 . 
     In this algorithm, the image data D(x,y) is averaged simply. However, the image data D(x,y) may be weighted.  FIG. 5  shows an algorithm for weighting the image data D(x,y) to enhance the averaged image data D′(x,y). 
     The address A(x,y) determined by the coordinate converting circuit  1015  is stored in the address holding circuit  1016  and output to the memory device  2001  through the address buffers  1018  and the address buses  1019  at the same time. The image data D(x,y) is read out from the memory device  2001  by the MPU  2002  and output to the data processing circuit  1014 . In the data processing circuit  1014 , the weighted image data D(x,y) is obtained by multiplying the image data D(x,y) by eight representing the total number of image data D(x,y) to be added later. 
     In  FIG. 4A , eight addresses A(x−1,y−1), A(x,y−1), A(x+1,y−1), A(x−1,y), A(x+1,y), A(x−1,y+1), A(x,y+1), and A(x+1,y+1) around the address A(x,y) in the pixels  1004  are generated. Therefore, in  FIG. 4B , image data D(x−1,y−1), D(x,y−1), D(x+1,y−1), D(x−1,y), D(x+1,y), D(x−1,y+1), D(x,y+1), and D(x+1,y+1) corresponding to these addresses A(x,y) are sequentially read out from the memory device  2001  and output to the data processing circuit  1014 . In the data processing circuit  1014 , these image data D(x,y) are sequentially added to the weighted image data D(x,y). The result is divided by sixteen, to obtain the averaged image data D′(x,y) of the address A(x,y). 
     Embodiment 2 
     In Embodiment 1, only one external memory device is provided in the active matrix panel  1001 . In this case, since original image data is overwritten, a mask-processing result cannot be confirmed. Therefore, in Embodiment 2, two external memory devices are provided outside the active matrix panel  1001 , so that image data before and after mask processing are stored. 
       FIG. 7  shows a display system of Embodiment 2. The active matrix panel is the same structure as that in Embodiment 1. Two memory devices  7001  and  7002  for storing image data and an MPU  7003  for controlling the entire system are provided outside the active matrix panel  1001 . The outputs of the active matrix panel  1001  and the MPU  7003  are connected to the memory devices  7001  and  7002  through address buses  1019 . Through the data buses  1022 , the active matrix panel  1001 , the memory devices  7001  and  7002 , and the MPU  7003  are connected each other to input and output a signal (data). The data buses  1022  are connected to a D/A converter  7004  which is connected to the active matrix panel  1001  through the video signal line  1008 . The memory device control line  7005  connects with the active matrix panel  1001 , the memory devices  7001  and  7002 , and the MPU  7003  each other. Through a control signal line  7006 , the active matrix panel  1001  is connected to the MPU  7003 . 
     In mask processing, the algorithm of  FIG. 3  or  5  is used. Image data stored in the memory device  7001  is mask-processed, and then the mask-processed image data is stored in the memory device  7002 . 
     Embodiment 3 
     In Embodiments 1 and 2, examples of mask processing for the entire image are described. In Embodiment 3, in order to further shorten the processing time, mask processing is not performed for an area which is not necessary to mask-process. 
       FIG. 11  shows an active matrix panel of the embodiment. The active matrix panel is the same structure as that in  FIG. 1  except for a circuit for designating an address of a pixel. In  FIG. 11 , the outputs of an X-direction mask processing start/end signal line  11001 , a Y-direction mask processing start/end signal line  11002 , and a mask processing start signal line  11003  are connected to a subtraction circuit  11004 . The output of the subtraction circuit  11004  is connected to the X- and Y-coordinate counter circuits  1011  and  1012  and the coordinate converting circuit  1015 . The subtraction circuit  11004  and a coordinate value generating circuit  11005  are formed by a P-type, an N-type, or a complementary type MOS TFT, or a thin film diode of MIM (metal-insulator metal), NIN, PIP, PIN, NIP or the like. 
     The active matrix panel has, as similar to Embodiment 1, N×M pixels (N is the number of X-direction pixels and M is the number of Y-direction pixels). In the following symbols i, j, k, and l, the relationships l&lt;i, k&lt;N, l&lt;j, and l&lt;M is set. 
     In mask processing, a mask processing start signal is input from the mask processing start signal line  11003  to the subtraction circuit  11004 . Also, From the X- and Y-direction mask processing start/end signal lines  11001  and  11002 , a start coordinate (i,j) and an end coordinate (k,l) which are mask-processed are input to the subtraction circuit  11004 . In the subtraction circuit  11004 , an X-direction counter end value (p=k−l+1 and a Y-direction counter end value (q=l−j+1) are calculated, so that control is performed to reset the counter value of the X-coordinate counter circuit  1011  by using a p-value and to reset the counter value of the Y-coordinate counter circuit  1012  by using a q-value. Therefore, the X-coordinate counter circuit  1011  is a p-coded (including binary, decimal or the like) counter circuit, and the Y-coordinate counter circuit  1012  is a q-coded (including binary, decimal or the like) counter circuit. 
     In the coordinate generating circuit  11005 , addresses (i+X-coordinate counter value, j+Y-coordinate counter value) are calculated to generate the addresses A(x,y) representing an area to be mask-processed. The algorithm of Embodiment 1 is executed for the pixels  1004  corresponding to the generated addresses A(x,y), so that mask processing is performed for only an area of  FIG. 10  in the pixels  1004 . 
     In the embodiment, in order to store image data before and after mask processing, as shown in Embodiment 2, two or more memory devices may be provided. 
     As described above, by the present invention, in an active matrix panel formed by TFTs or the like, a circuit having a logic function such as data processing is formed by TFTs or the like on the same substrate. Therefore, without increasing a processing time of a MPU, image processing such as noise removal can be performed at a high speed. Also, miniaturization of a system can be realized.