Abstract:
The Mini 3D orientation sensor device has convex spherical body structure in a mechanical sensor coupled to logic to manage the reverse touchscreen component, alarm and other functions for the sensor. The spherical housing sensor is comprises a plurality of layers analogous to a touchscreen complete with conducting probes, an unconstrained surface compressing ball dynamic inside the spherical grid position structure that closes a electric circuit upon depressing the inside surface of the sphere housing. The sphere depressed coordinates are mapped to its 3D orientation upon output.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     U.S. Pat. No. 8,941,490, filed Mar. 8, 2013, is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention generally relates to wrist mounted life alarm dialers and more specifically, to devices with passive or non-conscious triggering of life saving requests for help in the event of user loss of consciousness. 
     From time to time life threatening events that occur from sudden loss of consciousness, to severe trauma and sudden paralysis or loss of strength, can render the victim with an inability to activate an alarm for help. While this is not always necessary when others are proximate and can act to save a life, this is not always the outcome and the consequences are permanent. 
     There are currently some solutions in the market place in the way of wrist phones and wearable wrist devices. These generally alert the user when their time has elapsed, timer types alarms, and can call multiple calling numbers. They also provide the capability for the user to communicate with the helping party through voice or text. But at the very moment that the user is supposed to push the button to trigger the alarm, if wearer becomes suddenly incapacitated, then the price can be infinite, as it could cost a life. 
     Hence what is needed are devices that have intelligence to alert rescue personnel upon user loss of capacity to act or move. Low power electro-mechanical sensors are needed to ascertain the continuous changes of the orientation of the sensor, which in turn determines the continuous and instantaneous position of movements of a wrist upon which it rests. 
     The field of sensor technology is increasing offerings of mostly solid state sensor and devices. But there is a nitch for small electro-mechanical devices where power consumption is low or can be produced by mechanical means. What is needed are orientation and movement sensor technology which does not have the limitations of strictly electronic devices. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present invention discloses a 3D spherical shaped resistive touchscreen integrated into a mechanical orientation sensor device. The device comprises two flexible sheet conducting layers formed into a spherical configuration and coated with a resistive material separated by an air gap or microdots with each conducting sheet layer having striped electrode lines on substrates such as glass or plastic, electrode surfaces facing each other with conducting filament lines more or less perpendicular forming a grid where superimposed on each other each having a separate chargeable circuits. An internal placed unconstrained ball with weight sufficient to place into contact the conducting layer circuits upon ball&#39;s physical contact on the internal sphere surface causing contacting conducting sheets providing closed circuits switch on voltage gradient discharge from the first end of the conducting layers into the contacting line fiber of the second conducting layer establishing a new resistance or voltage drop. The second layer circuit with time delay discharges and the second layer circuit resistance is read providing two measured resistances representing the coordinate location of the ball inside the sphere sensor. A processor and logic coupled to the sensor maintains potential on the two conducting layers and control management functions for alarms and circuitry I/O for tracking, such that the ball impinging on the inside layer, causing circuit resistance changes from the point of contact followed by a circuit potential switch to the other conducting layer. A subsequent second layer voltage discharge changes the second layer circuit resistance and provides the second dimension of the ball position coordinate. Therefore the two crossing circuit loop resistance changes represent the coordinate location of the contacting ball inside the sphere sensor and registers the ball location data in the logic for processing, whereby at the point of contact, the voltage will be diverted from the x layer into the corresponding filament of the y layer revealing the y coordinate and reversing the discharge to obtain the x coordinate, analogous to a touchscreen but with accommodations to the spherical curvature and the small size. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       Specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the following figures. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates the basic mechanical geodesic movement sensor with accompanying electronics on a wristband according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  illustrates the resistive circuit layer construction of the sensor housing in an embodiment of a mini 3D orientation sensor. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates conductive layer formed in a spherical shaped construction in an embodiment of a mini 3D orientation sensor. 
         FIG. 4  displays a cross section view of a spherical shaped construction in an embodiment of a mini 3D orientation sensor. 
         FIG. 5  displays a cross section view of an internal layer support in a spherical shaped construction in an embodiment of a mini 3D orientation sensor. 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an electrical grid coordinate configuration for spherical shaped construction in an embodiment of a mini 3D orientation sensor. 
         FIG. 7  shows a high level schematic diagram of a 3D orientation sensor coupled to an automatic life alarm in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a 3D mini orientation sensor  801  with an alarm in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a wrist mounted dodecahedron orientation sensor  901  alarm circuitry  905  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a 3D mini orientation sensor with distributed alarm circuitry using RFID in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily complicating the description. 
     Objects and Advantages 
     The present invention discloses an electro-mechanical orientation sensor. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to use cessation of human movement for a preset designated duration as signal of a life in jeopardy. 
     Activity generally indicates signs of life. It is the observation of the applicant that the wrist of a human being is the most active external part of the human body, as far as voluntary muscles are concerned. During awake periods, absent medication or illness, the wrist of a human body intermittently makes some spontaneous movements. The cessation of such spontaneous movements, exceeding a given period of time, may represent a warning sign that something is wrong inside that body and needs attention. Under such a case, if a aural stimulus can not make that person to react, an alarm call should alert the appropriate parties. 
     Another object of the present invention is to have a timer switch in conjunction with a sensor wearer of a body sensor to process the positions sensed from a body movement or lack of movement. To determine that a wearer&#39;s wrist is not moving, one has to find that it has not changed position or orientation for a period of time. To determine a change or not of a body&#39;s physical movement, a mechanism through the body sensor is required to monitor a body&#39;s position and orientation continuously. Unchanged position periods exceeding a preset limit will automatically trigger an aural signal, urging the user of the life alarm sensor to make a movement toward a conscious response or emit a call for help. 
     Another object of the invention is to eliminate any magnetic interference from the sensor, for the position sensor to be incorporated into the main bracelet. Yet another object of the invention is to eliminate sharp edges creating corners retarding sphere movement in the movement orientation sensor. Still another object of the invention is a hybrid mechanical movement sensor, with reduced power consumption. 
     Embodiments of the Invention 
     In an aspect of the invention, absence of physical movement from an individual wearing a body mechanical sensor is detected upon a circuit closing and staying closed for a given period. After a preset period an aural alarm is triggered, with a clock continuing to run. After a second preset period, a timer switch automatically triggers a wireless network or GSM autodialer to alert pre-designated parties. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, a body attached mechanical sensor is worn on the internal side of the wrist, the timer switch and the GSM autodialer is worn on the internal side at a length away to avoid any interference from the sensor. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates the basic mechanical internal movement sensor with accompanying electronics on a wristband according to an embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment of the invention the geodesic. The position sensor  105  is shown placed serially adjacent and electrically coupled to the micro controller  103  which is electrically coupled to the GSM module  101  sharing a wristband base. In an embodiment of the invention, the mechanical sensor is a 3D spherical shape comprised reverse touch screen which contains an unconstrained ball freely moving about on the inside surface of the sphere sensor. The ball&#39;s weight or force on the inside sphere sensor surface is sufficient to produce a closed circuit which identifies the balls position on the sphere and hence the orientation. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a spherical resistive touchscreen component in an embodiment of the invention. Two flexible sheets  217   219 , inside  217  and outside  219  are coated with a resistive material and separated by an air gap  218  or microdots  201  are placed in proximity to each other. Each sheet has striped electrodes on substrates such as glass or plastic, and face each other. When these two sheets having parallel electrode conductor lines are positioned perpendicular with each other, and are pushed together to make contact, a conduction voltage will register the precise location of the contact coordinate represented by the conducting layer grid on each sheet. 
     The outside sheet will typically have spacer dots  201  coupled to an oxide conductive coating  203  layered on a circuit layer  205  supported on a glass or acrylic backing panel layer  207 . Facing the outside sheet  219  will be an inside sheet  217  having a conductive coating  215 , could be made of Indium Tin Oxide, ITO, a transparent conducting oxide, easy to deposit on surface or other conducting oxide, adhering to an inside circuit layer  213  which itself is coupled to a PET film  211 , polyethylene terephthalate. Antimonium Tin Oxide, ATO, another conducting oxide, can be used as a conductive coating. A contact making ball  209  provides the contact making object, where it rolls depresses the two sheets into making contact. 
     A resistive touchscreen uses two ATO conductive layers: x grid of micro conductive filament and y grid of micro filament. These two layers, inside  217  and outside  219 , and are superimposed one on the other separated by separator or spacer dots  201 . The spacer dots  201  are rigidly coupled to a conductive coating  201 A pressure exerted on the sphere inside surface will place these two layers in contact at the pressure point. A voltage gradient is discharged from one end of one of these layers, eg. x layer. Where the ball depresses the sheets to make contact between the resistive circuit layers, a switch is closed providing the coordinate of the contact location. At the point of contact, the voltage will be diverted into the corresponding filament of the other layer, eg. y layer. Using the same method on the y layer, the coordinate on the x axis is found. So, the ball inside a spherical surface impinging coordinate on the sphere inside surface is thus data defined by the x and y coordinate. These coordinates give us the location of the pressure point in the sphere. The mechanism function is the similar as that of a resistive touch screen, but the construction of the sphere housing analogous to a touchscreen must make accommodations to the spherical curvature and the small size. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates conductive layer formed in a spherical shaped construction in an embodiment of a mini 3D orientation sensor. 
     Two basic electrical grid layers of the touchscreen are fused or combined into hemispheric shaped objects for the conduction layers of the touchscreen housing: parallel latitude-line shaped hemispheres  301  for x grid and parallel longitude-line shape layer  303  for y grid or vice versa. ( FIG. 6 ). These could be in ATO, ITO or other such conductive material The latitude-lined  301  and the longitude-lined hemisphere conductive layers are then superimposed on each other to form a conductive layer electrical grid in the form of a micro-dome. The dome  305  will contain a free rolling baring with layer impinging force. 
       FIG. 4  displays a cross section view of a spherical shaped construction in an embodiment of a mini 3D orientation sensor. Just inside adjacent to an outer shell  417  of a sensor is a conductive layer with parallel conducting fibers  419   415  for one axis of a spherical grid and a separate layer of conducting fiber bands  407   409  of an orthogonal axis incorporated in the spherical shaped sensor. Evenly interspersed separator nodes  411  isolate the two conducting layers  401   403  from each  413   414  other respectively. The conduction layers can be of ITO, ATO or other material with electrical conduction properties having malleable or conforming mechanical properties to form a small sphere. 
     An electrical potential is maintained between the layers where upon any contact between these layers will cause current to flow through a completed circuit to a microcontroller or voltage registering device. A metal ball or free rolling object  421  with sufficient mechanical advantage to bend the inside conduction  401  layer to make contact  423  with the outside conducting layer  403  will complete an electrical circuit identifying the spherical coordinate X 1 , Y 1  or θ 1 , φ 1  spherical coordinates registering the precise location of the layer contact forcing metal ball object inside the spherical housed sensor. An additional inside supportive layer  405  stays rigidly adjacent to the inside conducting layer  407  and maybe held firmly through adhesion or internal pressure. The most inner supportive layer  405  must be bendable sufficient to allow a metal ball object  421  to force an electrical contact  423  between the two opposite conduction layers  401   403   
       FIG. 5  displays a cross section view of an internal layer support in a spherical shaped construction in an embodiment of a mini 3D orientation sensor. In order to maintain compressive support for a the internal conduction layer additional compression support layer is added inside the sphere sensor to hold the inner layer in place. This may be done through a pressurization  505  of a very thin flexible balloon layer wherein a metal ball object is allowed to freely roll with each rotation of the sphere. As in other embodiments the inner conduction layer  507  is isolated from the outer conduction layer  511  by a separator node layer  501 . These are all integrated into an outer rigid sphere layer  503  to protect and insolate the sensor. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates an electrical grid coordinate configuration for spherical shaped construction in an embodiment of a mini 3D orientation sensor. 
     At least two different types of conductive layer embodiments may be uses. In the Matrix type embodiment, striped electrodes  601   611  on substrates such as glass or plastic face each other. The conducting layer wire or filament array cross over positions represent grid points on the sphere sensor. In the Analogue conducting layer embodiment, transparent electrodes without any patterning facing each other. When contact is made to the surface of the sphere inside layer touchscreen  605   613 , the two conducting sheets are pressed together. On these two sheets there are latitudinal  611  and longitudinal lines  611  that, when pushed together at intervals respectively, register the precise location of the ball  605   613 . 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a matrix type conducting layer embodiment. During operation of a multi-wire touchscreen mechanism inside a spherical orientation sensor, a uniform, unidirectional voltage gradient  609  is applied to the longitudinal conducting  601  layer. When the two mutually perpendicular layers meet at the latitude line  603   607  are depressed with contact, the latitudinal layer  614  provides the identifying voltage as distance along the longitudinal layer, providing the X or theta coordinate. When this contact coordinate has been acquired, the voltage gradient  617  is applied to the latitudinal layer  611  to ascertain the Y or phi coordinate. These operations occur in sequence within milliseconds, registering the exact ball location  613   605  as contact on the inside of the spherical orientation sensor grid is made. The X, Y or Phi, Theta coordinates then represent the location of a metal ball in the spherical sensor. Note are the latitude line array  601  and longitude line array  613  electrically coupled to managing ICs and logic comprising the timer switch, wireless network dialer, wireless network, and others. In an embodiment of the invention the longitudinal and latitudinal conduction arrays may have variable grid point configuration. 
     Contacting conducting layers provide closed circuits to switch on voltage gradient discharge from the first end of the conducting layers into the contacting line fiber of the second conducting layer establishing a new resistance or voltage drop. The second layer circuit with time delay discharges and the second layer circuit resistance is read providing two measured resistances representing the coordinate location of the ball inside the sphere sensor. Integrated Circuits (IC), processor and logic are coupled to the sensor maintaining voltage and timing on the two conducting layers and control management functions for alarms and IC I/O. 
       FIG. 7  shows a high level schematic diagram of a 3D orientation sensor coupled to an automatic life alarm in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. An orientation sensor attached to a wearer&#39;s wrist  701  senses for cessation of movement and final orientation, transmits a signal by wire or wireless  705  protocol to the alarm circuitry  703 . 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a 3D mini orientation sensor  801  with an alarm in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment contains an electrical internal touch sensitive sensor  801  and electrical leads  805  to the timer switch  807 . An electrically conducting ball freely rolling in the interior of the sensor closed convex interior from any movement of the wrist or wearer will position itself on grid point. Upon cessation of body movement, the electrically sensitive sphere will fall under gravity onto the lowest gravity oriented level of the sensor and make electrical circuit contact in one of the contact sensitive intersections, thus closing the circuit ground  803  of a particular point and energizing the circuit and producing signal. The alarm and other circuits will require power  809  which can be battery or other compact available mobile power source. 
     From the time that the timer switch is closed to a preset wait period following the timer start, the timer will run and upon elapse of time emit an aural alarm. More than one preset time can be selected. In an embodiment of the invention, a first preset period can signal for the aural emission of a local sound alarm to awaken the user-wearer to make movement with the wrist. If upon the aural alarm the sphere continues to rest on the same plate, indicating no physical response from the user-wearer, the timer switch will initiate a Wireless Network autodialer for help from local parties, meanwhile transmitting the GPS position if available. Any wireless networks can be used including GSM, CDMA, TDMA, WiFi, and other wireless protocols. 
     The orientation sensor can have different configurations of conduction grids. A 36 grid point sensor embodiment performs substantially similar to a 12 grid point sensor, as to the free conducting sphere and connecting circuits. The advantage of the 36 grid point sensor is that it is more sensitive to small and slow movements of the wrist and better for less active individuals. 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a wrist mounted spherical orientation sensor  901  alarm circuitry  905  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Electrical leads  903 , from conducting layer grid positions shown connects to the positive lead in the timer switch  905  circuitry. The Alarm bloc contains the timer switch, wireless network autodialer  907  and the wireless network module  909  and is also shown worn on the user&#39;s wrist. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates a 3D mini orientation sensor  1011  with distributed alarm circuitry  1007   1009  using RFID  1019  in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment an RFID tag containing the chip  1015  and battery  1017  are operatively coupled  1003  to the sensor  1002  electrical circuitry. The RFID tag  1016  coupled  1003   1004  to the reader  1018  and reader  1018  to the timer  1007  can be of typical RFID communication  1005  or other wireless protocol. The grid position points shown is connected to tags  1016  each of bus points in a chip  1015 , identifying the position with of a different frequency or transmitted grid coordinate of the sensor. Each frequency represents a unique grid position and upon a grid position circuit identified the energized circuit will respond to transmit the grid position and hence the sensor orientation. In another embodiment the Integrated Circuit (IC) chips can be integrated into one multiple interchangeable code RFID tag. 
     The circuit of each of the IC chips is open, leaving exposed positive and negative ends. The negative ends of all the ICs are connected ground, to the negative lead of the sensor  1002 , which is itself connected to all the peripheral strips. The positive leads are frequency matched to the reader  1018  each by grid position to frequency  1011 . The wrist movement of the sensor is disconnected from the timer switch though the RFID  1019  system, tag  1016  and reader  1018 . 
     In the semi-sphere cup grid position embodiment the positive lead of each IC is connected to the central strip of two cups opposite each other. As the conducting ball falls into a hemisphere, it will connect the conducting layers closing the circuit between and mapping location to IC logic. If the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag  1016  transmits a code frequency to the RFID reader, it will do so at the code frequency of the closed circuit IC revealing it&#39;s position and orientation. When the ball rolls into another grid point, the logic  1016  will again emit the code frequency of its mapped cup and therefore orientation. 
     In an embodiment of the invention, the RFID reader  1018  is connected to the timer switch  1007 . Each time the reader receives a code frequency or grid position  1011  from the point  1016 , it passes it to the timer switch  1007  for processing. The RFID tag  1016  is programmed to transmit a code frequency every 2 minutes to the timer switch  1007  which will receive a code frequency every 2 minutes from the reader  1018 . The timer switch  1007  is programmed to count consecutive RFID reader transmissions, and counting the same frequency code  7  consecutive times indicates that the same cup, has had the ball for 14 minutes. 
     This indicates body sensor inactivity and inactivity directs the alarm to emit a loud aural signal to alert the user to move. If the timer switch  1007  receives the same frequency code the 8 th  time, that means 16 minutes of no movement of the wrist, the timer switch  1007  will trigger the wireless carrier autodialer  1009  to alert a monitoring room and rescue or emergency responder parties. 
     Therefore, while the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this invention, will appreciate that other embodiments can be devised which do not depart from the scope of the invention as disclosed herein. Other aspects of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the appended claims.