Abstract:
A charged particle beam apparatus for acquiring high-definition and highly contrasted observation images by detecting efficiently secondary signals without increasing aberration of the primary electron beam, detecting defects from observation images and thus increasing the inspection speed and enhancing the sensitivity of inspection. The desired area of the sample is scanned with a primary charged particle beam, and the secondary charged particles generated secondarily from the area by the irradiation of the primary charged particle beam are led to collide with the secondary electron conversing electrode, and then the secondary electrons generated by the first E×B deflector  31  arranged through an insulator on the surface of the secondary electron conversing electrode on the side of the sample is absorbed by the detector. At the same time, the deflection chromatic aberration that had been generated in the primary charged particle beam by the first E×B deflector is reduced by the second E×B deflector arranged on the first E×B deflector, to obtain high-definition and highly contrasted observation images free of shading.

Description:
CLAIM OF PRIORITY 
       [0001]    The present application claims priority from Japanese application JP 2006-322204 filed on Nov. 29, 2006, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application. 
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wafer having a circuit pattern, and more particularly to a technique of inspecting a fine pattern using a charged particle beam. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The scanning electron microscope is an apparatus for accelerating the primary electron discharged from the electron source, converging the same by an objective lens to narrow down the primary electron beam, scanning the sample with the primary electron beams by using a scanning deflector, detecting secondary signals generated from the sample by the irradiation of the primary electron beam and displaying this detected signal intensity as observation image. In order to obtain highly contrasted observation images, an efficient detection of secondary signals is required. In order to make a detector arranged outside the optical axis detect efficiently secondary signals, it is necessary to apply an electromagnetic field on the optical axis to deflect the secondary signals. However, this electromagnetic field increases the aberration of the primary electron beam. Therefore, in order to obtain a high-definition observation image enlarged at a high magnification, it is necessary to reduce the aberration of the primary electron beam. Therefore, it is necessary to contain the aberration of the primary electron beam generated on the optical axis between the electron source and the focus point on the sample. 
         [0004]    JP-A No. 7(1995)-192679 discloses the technology of separating the orbit of the secondary electrons and the reflected electrons by using a deflector for deflecting the secondary electrons out of the axis of the primary electron beam and detecting selectively the secondary electrons and the reflected electrons. 
         [0005]    JP-A No. 9(1997)-171791 shows an example of reducing the aberration amount of the primary electron beam generated in the secondary electron deflection field to detect efficiently the secondary electrons. JP-A No. 9(1997)-171791 discloses the technology of providing a secondary electron conversing electrode in which an opening for allowing the passage of the primary electron beam above the secondary electron detector, converting the secondary electrons generated or the reflected electrons from the sample that had collided with the secondary electron conversing electrode into secondary electrons, deflecting and detecting the same by the detector by using the secondary electron deflector to which the electromagnetic field is applied orthogonally to the secondary electron suction electric field, and canceling deflection by the electric field and deflection by the magnetic field by orthogonalizing the suction electric field and the magnetic field and correct the same. This technology is a method of detecting indirectly the secondary electrons (indirect detection method of secondary electron), and the deflection amount of the secondary electron can be small, and the impacts on the primary electron beam will be small in comparison with the direct detection method of deflecting the secondary electron substantially towards the detector. 
         [0006]    However, in the configuration of the detector disclosed in JP-A No. 9(1997)-171791, the energy width of the primary electron beam generates deflection chromatic aberration in the secondary electron deflection field, and expands the diameter of the primary electron beam by several nanometers. For a scanning electron microscope in which a nm-order resolving power is required, the deflection chromatic aberration described above is not negligible. 
         [0007]    On the other hand, a technology for reducing the deflection chromatic aberration by the secondary beam deflector is disclosed in JP-A No. 2001-357808. JP-A No. 2001-357808 discloses the technology of canceling the deflection aberration of the primary electron beam generated in the deflector by installing a secondary electron deflector that applies magnetic field orthogonally to the secondary electron deflection magnetic field in order to deflect the secondary electrons, and by installing another deflector to be operated under the condition that the polarity of deflection direction will be directly opposite to the electron source side from the deflector mentioned above. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    A semiconductor circuit pattern inspection includes a step of detecting defects at a low magnification and another step of obtaining inspection images for observing detailed defects at a high magnification and inspecting patterns. The normally used magnification is approximately 5,000-40,000 times for the detection of defects described above, the magnification of the image for inspection mentioned above is approximately 50,000-200,000 times and the resolution performance required for the images to be inspected is in the nm order. 
         [0009]    Secondary electron images obtained mainly by detecting the secondary electrons generated in the surface layer of sample are contrasted by the difference in materials and edge effect. As a result, it is possible to detect defective parts by comparing the secondary electron images of two observation points having the same structure. 
         [0010]    However, the surface of a semiconductor wafer is often covered with an insulator to form a circuit, dapples of brightness in the image (shadings) not attributable to defects often develop on the secondary electron image due to an electrostatic charge of the sample, after the irradiation of primary electron beam. Such shadings are highly likely to cause wrong detections in the process of detecting defects in the secondary electron images. 
         [0011]    Therefore, in order to correctly detect and observe defects in the secondary electron images, it is necessary to obtain high-definition and highly contrasted observation images without shading. 
         [0012]    JP-A No. 9(1997)-171791 does not pay attention to the fact that, due to changes in the angle of the deflection electric field to the secondary electron conversing electrode on the equipotential surface depending on the in-plane position on the secondary electron conversing electrode where secondary electrons collide, the efficiency of detecting the secondary electrons discharged from the secondary electron conversing electrode (called “tertiary electron”) is varied. There is no problem if secondary electrons collide in a narrow area on the secondary electron conversing electrode. However, when the secondary electrons are greatly deflected due to a low magnification for observation or uneven distribution of electrostatic charge of sample, secondary electrons collide in the area where detection efficiency of the secondary electron conversing electrode change resulting in the shading described above. These points are not taken into consideration. 
         [0013]    In electron beam application apparatus, the primary electrons extracted from the electron source have an energy width determined by the electron source. When primary electrons pass through the secondary electron deflector shown in JP-A No. 9(1997)-171791, they go straight ahead because the latter is designed in such way that the deflection action due to the electric field and the deflection action due to the magnetic field applied vertically to the electric field for the primary electron beam having an energy V would cancel each other. However, if the primary electrons have an energy width of ΔV, the deflector mentioned above gives an angle of deflection θ to the primary electron beam having an energy of V+ΔV with the optical axis. And it gives a deflection distance r at a place separated by a distance L from the deflector. Such deflection amounts enlarge the diameter of the primary electron beam on the sample, and causes resolving power to deteriorate, and as a result it will be difficult to achieve the required resolving power at a high magnification. 
         [0014]    The technology of reducing the impact of aberration by this deflector on primary electron beam is disclosed in JP-A No. 2001-367808 as described above. However, it is limited to the disclosure of constitution according to the direct detection method of secondary electrons, and its application to the indirect detection method of secondary electrons is not disclosed. 
         [0015]    And according to JP-A No. 2001-357808, the first deflector for deflecting the secondary electrons towards the detector and the second deflector for canceling deflection chromatic aberration are located at separate positions. As a result, the second deflector corrects the deflection angle θ that the first deflector gives to the primary electrons, and cannot correct the deflection distance r. 
         [0016]    The object of the present invention is to provide a charged particle beam apparatus, a scanning microscope, and sample observation method wherein the deflection aberration of the primary electron can be corrected in the indirect detection method of the secondary electrons. 
         [0017]    In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a charged particle beam apparatus for irradiating a sample with primary charged particle beam and detecting secondary charged particles secondarily generated including a stage to hold the sample, a charged particle source for generating the primary charged particle beam, a condenser lens for converging the primary charged particle beam, an objective lens for irradiating the sample with the converged primary charged particle beam, a secondary electron conversion unit arranged between the condenser lens and the objective lens, and the secondary electron conversion unit includes a secondary electron conversing electrode to which the secondary charged particles generated from the samples are collided, a first E×B deflector for deflecting the secondary electrons generated on the secondary electron conversing electrode, a secondary E×B deflector for reducing the deflection chromatic aberration generated on the primary charged particle beam by the first E×B deflector, and a detector for detecting the secondary electrons generated by the secondary electron conversing electrode. 
         [0018]    And in the sample observation method according to the present invention, a desired area of the sample is scanned with the primary charged particle beam, the secondary charged particle generated secondarily from the desired area as a result of the irradiation of the primary charged particle beam is made to collide with the secondary electron conversing electrode, and then the secondary electrons generated by the collision with the first E×B deflector arranged on the surface of the secondary electron conversing electrode on the sample side through an insulator are injected into the detector. At the same time, the deflection chromatic aberration that develops in the primary charged particle beam in the first E×B deflector by the second E×B deflector arranged on surface of the secondary electron conversing electrode on the electron source side through an insulator is reduced. And according to this sample observation method, it is possible to reduce deflection color aberration by disposing the first E×B deflector and the second E×B deflector with a 180 degree rotation to the primary electron particle beam. Furthermore, according to this sample observation method, it is possible to reduce the in-plane variation of detection efficiency by applying the voltage of the ground electrode of the first E×B deflector to the secondary electron conversing electrode as the reference potential. 
         [0019]    According to the present invention, it will be possible to detect efficiently secondary signals without increasing aberration of the primary electron beam, and to increase the inspection speed and sensitivity by detecting defects by means of high-resolution and highly contrasted observation images. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0020]      FIG. 1  illustrates a review SEM that is a first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0021]      FIG. 2  illustrates an embodiment of the secondary electron deflector according to the first embodiment; 
           [0022]      FIG. 3  describes examples of orbit of the secondary electrons in the configuration of the first embodiment; 
           [0023]      FIG. 4  describes examples of orbit of the secondary electrons in the configuration of the first embodiment; 
           [0024]      FIG. 5  illustrates the configuration of important parts of a second embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0025]      FIG. 6  illustrates the structure of the secondary electron conversing electrode of a third embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0026]      FIG. 7  is an illustration showing an example of carrying out in a semiconductor dimension measurement scanning electron microscope as a fourth embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0027]      FIG. 8  illustrates an example of carrying out in a deflector for mounting on the dimension measurement SEM in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0028]    We will describe below the embodiments of the present invention with reference to drawings. 
       First Embodiment 
       [0029]      FIG. 1  shows a review SEM (scanning electron microscope) constituting the first embodiment. The review SEM of this embodiment is an apparatus designed to obtain the image of defects or foreign matters in a semiconductor wafer, to detect fatal defects and classify the detected defects. 
         [0030]    The review SEM is an electron beam applied apparatus carried out by a scanning electron microscope having a semi-in-lens objective lens, and includes roughly speaking an electron optical system, a sample chamber  27 , a control unit  26  and an electronic detection system. 
         [0031]    The electronic optical system includes an electronic gun  1 , an extraction electrode  2 , an acceleration electrode  3 , a first condenser lens  4 , a second condenser lens  6 , an aperture diaphragm  5 , a scanning deflector  7 , an objective lens  8 , and a magnetic electrode  13  above the objective lens. The sample chamber  27  includes a stage  9 . The magnetic electrode  13  above the objective lens includes a booster voltage power source of variable voltage  12 , and the stage  9  includes a retarding voltage power source  11  with variable voltage. 
         [0032]    The electronic detection system includes E×B deflectors  31  and  32 , secondary electron conversing electrodes  33  and  35 , a secondary electronic detector  34 , stereoimage detectors  41   a  and  41   b . The secondary electron conversing electrode  33  is connected with a voltage power source  37 . The detected signals are sent to the detected signals processor  24 , where the former are computed and processed for the judgment of defects. The images taken in are displayed on the monitor  25 . The operational commands and operational conditions of various parts of the apparatus are inputted and outputted by the control unit  26 . 
         [0033]    As shown in  FIG. 2 , the E×B deflector  31  includes four electrodes for making the deflection magnetic field  60 ,  61 ,  62   a  and  62   b , four coils for making a deflection magnetic field  63   a ,  63   b ,  63   c , and  63   d , a ground electrode  67 , and insulators  66   a  and  66   b . The electrode  60  is connected with the voltage power source  64  so that the positive voltage may be applied, and the electrode  61  is connected with the voltage power source  65  so that the negative voltage may be applied. The electrode  61  may be grounded in some cases. The electrodes  62   a  and  62   b  are grounded. The E×B deflector  32  includes four electrodes for making the deflection magnetic field  70 ,  71 ,  72   a  and  72   b , four coils for making the deflected magnetic field  73   a ,  73   b ,  73   c , and  73   d , a ground electrode  77 , and insulators  76   a  and  76   b . The electrode  70  is connected with the voltage power source  74  so that the positive voltage may be applied, and the electrode  71  is connected with the voltage power source  75  so that the negative voltage may be applied. The electrode  71  may be grounded in some cases. The electrodes  72   a  and  72   b  are grounded. The secondary electron conversing electrode  33  is connected with the voltage power source  37 . It is connected with the E×B deflector  31  through the insulator  66   a  and with the E×B deflector  32  through the insulator  76   a . The two E×B deflectors  31  and  32  are connected on the same axis with the opening through which the primary electron beam passes serving as the central axis. The secondary electron detector  34  includes a fluorescent body  38 , a secondary electron suction high-voltage electrode  39  and a detector  40 . 
         [0034]    In this embodiment, E×B deflectors  31  and  32 , a secondary electron conversing electrode  33 , and a secondary electron detector  34  located between the condenser lens and the scanning deflector  7  constitute the secondary electron conversion unit. This secondary electron conversion unit has a function of reducing the deflection chromatic aberration. This secondary electron conversion unit should preferably be disposed near the crossover point of the primary electron beam passing through the condenser lens. 
         [0035]    As the electron source for the electron gun  1 , for example a diffusion supply-type thermal field emission electron source is used. And the electron gun  1  has an extraction electrode  2 , and the primary electron beam is extracted from the electron gun  1  by applying voltage on the extraction electrode  2 . A negative voltage −V 0  is applied on the acceleration electrode  3 , and the primary electron beam passes through the acceleration electrode  3  with an energy of V 0 . Then, it is converged by the condenser lens  4  and constitutes a crossover  14 . The condenser lens  4  is connected with the condenser lens power source  20 , and the control unit  26  controls its operation. And at the time of passing through the aperture  5 , its current is limited. And the primary electron beam is converged by the condenser lens  6  to make the crossover  15 . The condenser lens  6  is connected with the condenser lens power source  21 , and the control unit  26  controls its operation. The condenser lens  4  and the condenser lens  6  are controlled in such a way that the crossover  15  may be located between the E×B deflector  31  and the scanning deflector  7 . The primary electron beam is narrowed down sharply by the objective lens having an objective lens power source  23  controlled by the control unit  26 . 
         [0036]    The stage  9  includes a voltage-variable retarding voltage power source  11  so that the high-voltage potential-Vr for decelerating the primary electron beam (retarding potential) may be variable. Due to the retarding potential, the primary electron beam, being drastically decelerated directly above the substrate to be inspected  10  mounted on the stage  9 , is converged on the substrate to be inspected by the objective lens  8 . And the scanning deflectors  7  disposed in two stages between the condenser lens  6  and the objective lens scan the substrate to be inspected  10 . The scanning deflectors  7  are connected with the scanning signal generator  22 , and the control unit  26  controls their operation. 
         [0037]    The energy of the primary electron beam at the time of irradiation on the sample is (V 0 −Vr). Since the values of V 0 =2 kV and Vr=1.2 kV are set in this embodiment, the sample is irradiated with a primary electron beam of 800 eV. At this time, we take the running direction of the primary electron as the z axis. The irradiation of the primary electron beam generates secondary electrons having an energy of approximately 0-50 eV, and reflected electrons having an energy higher than 50 eV from the substrate to be inspected  10 . The energy of the generated secondary electrons is expressed as E SE . 
         [0038]    The angle θ S.E.  between the sample surface and the normal line shall be the emission angle of the secondary electrons and the reflected electrons. Since the retarding voltage Vr is applied on the stage, the energy of the secondary electrons will be (E S.E. +Vr). The electrode  13  above the objective lens includes a variable-voltage booster voltage power source  12  so that a positive potential (booster potential) for increasing secondary electrons may be applied thereon. In this embodiment, we have chosen a booster potential of 2 kV. This potential pulls up the secondary electrons to the electron source side by the booster potential, causes the secondary electrons to advance being wound up towards the electron source side by the magnetic field created by the objective lens, and to pass through the hole in the secondary electron conversing electrode  35  to collide with the secondary electron conversing electrode  33 . 
         [0039]    The reflected electrons generated by the substrate to be inspected are divided into four categories by the angle of emission. (1) The component having a very low emission angle θ S.E.  passes through the hole of the secondary electron conversing electrode  35  and collides with the secondary electron conversing electrode  33 . (4) The component having a high emission angle θ S.E.  collides with the objective lens  8  and fails to reach the detector. And the component (2) close to (1) collides with the secondary electron conversing electrode  35  between (1) and (2), and the component (3) close to (4) directly penetrates into the detectors  41   a  and  41   b . The collision of the reflected electrons with the secondary electron conversing electrode  35  results in the generation of secondary electrons from the secondary electron conversing electrode  35 . The detectors  41   a  and  41   b  detect the signals of secondary electrons. The reflected electrons generated at large angles fail to collide with the secondary electron conversing electrode  35  and are directly detected by the detectors  41   a  and  41   b . The detectors  41   a  and  41   b  are located at corresponding positions (right and left). This structure is intended to separate the reflected electron into the right and left ones and to enable to observe more three-dimensionally the defects, foreign matters and other items for observation on the substrate to be inspected. 
         [0040]    The secondary electron conversing electrode  33  is a discoidal electrode having a central hole for allowing the passage of primary electron beam and includes a means for applying voltage. Phosphor bronze is used as its material because of ease of acquisition and processing, but other materials may be used. Its surface is coated with gold mainly in order to prevent the adhesion of polluting matters by the irradiation with secondary electron beams. In addition to gold, silver, platinum and the like may be used. And materials having a high efficiency of generating secondary electrons by the irradiation of electron beams such as MgO may sometime be coated on the gold coating layer. 
         [0041]    The wound up secondary electrons are deflected by the scanning deflector  7  and collide with the secondary electron conversing electrode  33 . Secondary electrodes are generated on the secondary electron conversing electrode  33 , and the secondary electrons are deflected by the secondary electron deflector  31  in the direction of the secondary electron detector  34 . 
         [0042]    As mentioned above,  FIG. 2  shows an embodiment of the deflectors  31  and  32 . In  FIG. 2 , the E×B deflector  31  for deflecting the secondary electron is situated on the side of the stage from the secondary electron conversing electrode  33  and is connected with the secondary electron conversing electrode  33  through an insulator  76   a . The E×B deflector  22  for canceling the deflection aberration created by the deflector  31  in relation to the primary electron beam is situated on the side of the electron source from the secondary electron conversing electrode  33 , and joins with the secondary electron conversing electrode  33  through an insulator  76   a.    
         [0043]    Although the E×B deflector  31  and the E×B deflector  32  have the same electrode and coil disposed in the same way, they are disposed in two-rotation symmetrical positions so that their deflection electric field and their deflection magnetic field may be inversed. 
         [0044]    A cross-sectional view cut out along the line ( 1 ) in  FIG. 2  is the central section of  FIG. 2 , and illustrates the detector  34  and the E×B detector  31 . The E×B deflector  31  is a deflector that puts the deflection electric field (E) and the deflection magnetic field (B) into action orthogonally. It creates a deflected electric field (E) by creating a difference in electric potential between two symmetrical electrodes, i.e. the electrode  60  and the electrode  61  so that the secondary electrons may be deflected towards the detector  34 . In this embodiment, the electrode  60  is charged with the positive potential and the electrode  61  is charged with the negative potential. The deflection direction of the secondary electron is expressed by x axis. When an axis perpendicular to the x axis and the z axis is expressed as the y axis, the disposition of symmetrical grounding electrodes  62   a  and  62   b  on both sides of the y axis can create a uniform deflection electric field in the deflector  31 . The electrodes  60 ,  61 ,  62   a  and  62   b  are sections of a discoidal electrode obtained by splitting the same. And the degree of splitting is 120 degrees for the electrode  60  and the electrode  61 , and  60  degrees for the electrode  62   a  and the electrode  62   b . And the electrode  60  is a mesh electrode allowing the secondary electrons to penetrate inside and to reach the detector  34 . 
         [0045]    The detector  34  includes a second electron extraction high-voltage electrode  39  for accelerating secondary electrons, a fluorescent body  38  and a detector  40 . The electrode  39  accelerates the secondary electrons that have penetrated the mesh electrode and the secondary electrons emitted from the mesh electrode with which the secondary electrons had collided. In this embodiment, we applied a 10 kV voltage to the electrode  39 , accelerated the secondary electrons to penetrate into the fluorescent body  38  and detected the secondary electrons that emitted from the same with the detector  40 . For the detector  40 , we used an electronic light amplifier. For the detector  40 , a semiconductor detector, a multi-channel plate detector or the like may be used. The electrode  61 , the electrode  62   a , and the electrode  62   b  need not be mesh electrodes but may be plate electrodes. The deflection magnetic field (B) is made of two pairs of electrode  60 , electrode  61  and electrode  62   a  and electrode  62   b  arranged outside the part where they are adjacent, a total of four coils  63   a ,  63   b ,  63   c , and  63   d.    
         [0046]    The cross-sectional view obtained by cutting off  FIG. 2  upper section by the line ( 2 ) is  FIG. 2  lower section and illustrates the E×B detector  32 . The electrode  70  is charged with a negative potential, while the electrode  71  is charged with a positive potential. Therefore, its deflection polarity is reverse of that of the deflector  31 . Its deflection magnetic field is put into action in such a way that it may be reverse to that of the deflector  31 . 
         [0047]    The E×B deflectors  31  and  32  are operated under a condition that they have no deflective action on the primary electron beam (Wien condition) when the deflection direction of the electric field and the deflection direction of the magnetic field vis-à-vis the primary electron beam cancel each other. Let us consider the following model of deflector. When the length of a deflection electrode is expressed by 2×1 L , the distance between deflection electrodes is expressed by d L , when +V L /2 is applied to the deflection electrode in the deflection direction of the secondary electron, and −V L /2 is applied to the opposite deflection electrode, and when the intensity of the deflection magnetic field is expressed by BL, the deflection amount Δx L  at a place separated by L L  from the center of the center of the deflector to the sample side is expressed by the equation (1). 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
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         [0048]    In the above equation, the acceleration voltage is expressed by V 0 , the mass of electron is expressed by m, and the quantity of electric charge of electrons is expressed by e. 
         [0049]    It is possible to satisfy the Wien condition by setting the parameters in such a way that Δx L  may be nil. Since the force that the deflection electric field exerts to the secondary electrons and the force that the deflection magnetic field exerts to the same are in the same direction, in the equation (1) the symbol of Δx L  will be positive, and the deflection action works towards the detector side. 
         [0050]    And although in this embodiment we showed two pairs and total four deflection magnetic coils, it is possible to an orthogonal magnetic field with a pair and two coils. However, with two pairs and total of four coils, it is possible to create a magnetic field of a higher orthogonal degree to the deflection electric field. 
         [0051]      FIG. 3  shows an example of orbit of the secondary electrons when the secondary electron conversing electrode  33  is grounded for comparison. Since the potential beam is parallel with the secondary electron conversing electrode  33  in an area close to the detector (referred to as “Area I”), the secondary electrons emitted from the Area  1  are strongly affected by the force directed towards the sample from the deflection electric field. As a result, the secondary electrons do not enter the detector and hit the lower part of the cover of the detector, resulting in a lower efficiency of detecting the secondary electrons in the Area  1 . In an area far apart from the detector (referred to as “Area II”), as the secondary electrons emitted in the opposite direction from the detector collide with the electrode  62 , the efficiency of detecting the secondary electrons decreases in the Area II. Therefore, there are differences in the efficiency of detecting the secondary electrons in the surface of the secondary electrons conversion electrode, and it becomes uneven. When the sample is observed at a low magnification, the secondary electrons are intensely deflected by the scanning deflector, and scan the secondary electron conversing electrode  33 . When the scope of scanning includes the Area I and II where the efficiency of detection has declined, there are differences in the efficiency of detecting the secondary electrons depending on the place of scanning, and this can be the cause of development of shading (spots of brightness) on the acquired image. If any shading appears, due to the use of difference information of contrast between the normal part and the defective part in the judgment of defects, normal inspections cannot be performed. 
         [0052]    Accordingly, in this embodiment, as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the voltage control means  37  is used to apply voltage on the secondary electron conversing electrode  33 , to control the potential at a level higher than the electrodes  62   a  and  62   b  and to adjust thus the equipotential distribution, and thus to create the force for pulling up the secondary electrons towards the conversion electrode. In this way, the secondary electrons that collide with the lower part of the cover for the detector and the electrode  61  and are not absorbed by the detector advance between the secondary electron conversing electrode  33  and the grounded electrode  67 . 
         [0053]      FIG. 4  shows an example of orbit of the secondary electrons when a voltage is applied to the secondary electron conversing electrode  33 . As  FIG. 4  shows clearly, the deflected secondary electrons penetrate the mesh deflection electrode  60 , are accelerated by the electric field created by the extraction electrode  39 , hit the fluorescent body  38 , and excite the fluorescent body to generate light. The detector  40  detects this light. 
         [0054]    The E×B deflector  31  orthogonalizes the deflection electric field and the deflection magnetic field so that there may be no deflection action on the primary electrons. It generates, however, a deflection chromatic aberration in the primary electron beam having an energy width of (ΔV 0 ). The quantity of deflection Δx LC  of the primary electrons having an energy of V 0 +ΔV O  at a place separated by L L  from the center of the deflector is expressed by the equation (2). 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   [Equation  2] 
                 
               
               
                 
                     
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     Δ 
                      
                     
                         
                     
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                       LC 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     ( 
                     
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               1 
                               L 
                             
                             × 
                             
                               L 
                               L 
                             
                           
                           
                             d 
                             L 
                           
                         
                         × 
                         
                           
                             V 
                             L 
                           
                           
                             
                               V 
                               0 
                             
                             + 
                             
                               Δ 
                                
                               
                                   
                               
                                
                               
                                 V 
                                 0 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       - 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               2 
                                
                               e 
                             
                             m 
                           
                         
                         × 
                         
                           
                             
                               B 
                               L 
                             
                             × 
                             
                               1 
                               L 
                             
                             × 
                             
                               L 
                               L 
                             
                           
                           
                             
                               
                                 V 
                                 0 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 Δ 
                                  
                                 
                                     
                                 
                                  
                                 
                                   V 
                                   0 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                     
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   
                     ( 
                     2 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0055]    Another deflector whose polarity is inverted is arranged for correcting the deflection aberration. In other words, the length of the deflection electrode of the E×B deflector  32  for correcting deflection aberration is set at 2×I u , the distance between deflection electrodes is set at d u −V u /2 is applied on the deflection electrode in the deflection direction of the secondary electrons, and +V u /2 is applied on the symmetric deflection electrode, and the intensity of the deflection magnetic field is set at B u . The quantity of deflection of Δx UC  of the primary electrons mentioned above at a location separated by Lu from the center of the deflector to the sample side is expressed by the equation (3). 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   [Equation  3] 
                 
               
               
                 
                     
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     Δ 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     
                       x 
                       UC 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     - 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 1 
                                 U 
                               
                               × 
                               
                                 L 
                                 U 
                               
                             
                             
                               d 
                               U 
                             
                           
                           × 
                           
                             
                               V 
                               U 
                             
                             
                               
                                 V 
                                 0 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 Δ 
                                  
                                 
                                     
                                 
                                  
                                 
                                   V 
                                   0 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 2 
                                  
                                 e 
                               
                               m 
                             
                           
                           × 
                           
                             
                               
                                 B 
                                 U 
                               
                               × 
                               
                                 1 
                                 U 
                               
                               × 
                               
                                 L 
                                 U 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 
                                   V 
                                   0 
                                 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   Δ 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     V 
                                     0 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   
                     ( 
                     3 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0056]    The total sum of the quantity of deflection of the upper and lower deflectors is the total sum of the equation (2) and the equation (3). 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   [Equation  4] 
                 
               
               
                 
                     
                 
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                     Δ 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     x 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 1 
                                 L 
                               
                               × 
                               
                                 L 
                                 L 
                               
                             
                             
                               d 
                               L 
                             
                           
                           × 
                           
                             
                               V 
                               L 
                             
                             
                               
                                 V 
                                 0 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 Δ 
                                  
                                 
                                     
                                 
                                  
                                 
                                   V 
                                   0 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 2 
                                  
                                 e 
                               
                               m 
                             
                           
                           × 
                           
                             
                               
                                 B 
                                 L 
                               
                               × 
                               
                                 1 
                                 L 
                               
                               × 
                               
                                 L 
                                 L 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 
                                   V 
                                   0 
                                 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   Δ 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     V 
                                     0 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                     - 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 1 
                                 U 
                               
                               × 
                               
                                 L 
                                 U 
                               
                             
                             
                               d 
                               U 
                             
                           
                           × 
                           
                             
                               V 
                               U 
                             
                             
                               
                                 V 
                                 0 
                               
                               + 
                               
                                 Δ 
                                  
                                 
                                     
                                 
                                  
                                 
                                   V 
                                   0 
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                         - 
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                 2 
                                  
                                 e 
                               
                               m 
                             
                           
                           × 
                           
                             
                               
                                 B 
                                 U 
                               
                               × 
                               
                                 1 
                                 U 
                               
                               × 
                               
                                 L 
                                 U 
                               
                             
                             
                               
                                 
                                   V 
                                   0 
                                 
                                 + 
                                 
                                   Δ 
                                    
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                    
                                   
                                     V 
                                     0 
                                   
                                 
                               
                             
                           
                         
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   Equation 
                    
                   
                       
                   
                    
                   
                     ( 
                     4 
                     ) 
                   
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0057]    It is possible to reduce deflection chromatic aberration by setting the length of the deflection electrode and the voltage to be applied in such a way that the value of equation (4) may be zero. 
         [0058]    Incidentally, the energy width of the primary electron beam is determined by the electron source  1 , and the energy width of the electron source Zr/0/W used in this embodiment is evaluated at 0.6 eV. This primary electron beam passing through the condenser lens  6  creates a crossover point between the deflectors  31 ,  32  and the scanning deflector  7 . The primary electron beam having an energy of (V 0 +ΔV 0 ) has the total sum Δx of the deflection quantity of the upper and lower deflectors and the total sum Δθ of deflection angle of the upper and lower deflectors at the crossover point. 
         [0059]    In this embodiment, the secondary electron conversing electrode  33  and two deflectors are connected each other through an insulator. The two deflectors are arranged at close positions, and as the distance between the crossover point and the respective deflector is approximately the same, it is possible to correct both Δθ and Δx, and the primary electron beam penetrates vertically the center of the objective lens and pass through the same. 
         [0060]    Generally, when the primary electron beam enters a electromagnetic lens with an angle, an aberration develops out of axis. However, in order to reduce aberration with an objective lens for which an electromagnetic lens is used, it is necessary to inject the primary electron beam vertically into the objective lens  8 . As stated above, the configuration of this embodiment that enables to inject the primary electron beam vertically along the center of the objective lens  8  enables to cancel deflection chromatic aberration with a good precision even if an electromagnetic lens is used for the objective lens  8  shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       Second Embodiment 
       [0061]      FIG. 5  shows a second embodiment. The configuration of this embodiment is a configuration in which the position of the deflector  31  and that of the deflector  32  in the first embodiment are switched.  FIG. 5  shows the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except the position of the deflector  31  and the deflector  32 . The configuration of the second embodiment is characterized in that the deflector  31  for deflecting the secondary electrons is located closer to the side of the electron source than the deflector  32  for correcting aberration and is connected with the secondary electron conversing electrode  33  through an insulator. The deflector  31  and the deflector  32  are connected through an insulator, and are operated in such a way that their polarity of deflection may be reverse. In the first place, the secondary electrons are deflected by the deflection field created by the deflector  32  for correcting aberration. After passing through the deflection field mentioned above, they are deflected by the deflection field created by the deflector  31  for deflecting the secondary electrons. The direction of deflection by these two deflectors is directly opposite because the polarity of deflection of the two deflectors is reversed, and the quantity of deflection cancels each other. Since the action of deflection for the secondary electrons remains unchanged and the action of correcting aberration for the primary electron beam also remains unchanged, the effect will be, like the first embodiment, that the efficiency of detecting the secondary electrons will be high and uniform in the surface of the secondary electron conversing electrode. And the effect of correcting deflection aberration for the primary electrons can be obtained in the same way as in the first embodiment. 
       Third Embodiment 
       [0062]    Then, we will describe a third embodiment. While, in the first embodiment, the whole secondary electron conversing electrode was set in a same potential, in this embodiment, a secondary electron conversing electrode  33 ′ having a structure capable of changing continuously potential is used as the secondary electron conversing electrode. We will describe the secondary electron conversing electrode  33 ′ of this embodiment with reference to  FIG. 6 . It is the same as the first embodiment except the structure of the secondary electron conversing electrode. In the first place, a thin metal foil having an equivalent dimension and shape as the surface area of the secondary electron conversing electrode is divided and cut out into n pieces. The direction of cutting is in the parallel direction with the y axis. And the greater the value of n is, the better. The cut out metal foils will be pasted on the surface of the secondary electron conversing electrode in such a way that they may not contact each other, and the adjacent metal foils are connected with resistances. Therefore, n pieces of metal foils are connected in series by using n−1 pieces of resistances (Ω). All the n−1 pieces of resistances to use shall be those having the same resistance value. Incidentally, the secondary electron conversing electrode  33 ′ shall have an opening for allowing the passage of primary electron beam at its center. 
         [0063]    When a potential V 1  is applied to the electrode  60  of the deflector  31  and a potential V 2  is applied to the electrode  61 , a power source shall be arranged in such a way that the deflection electric field electrode  60  side of the metal foil pasted on the surface of the secondary electron conversing electrode  33  may be V 1  and the deflection electric field electrode  61  side may be V 2 . Since the metal foils are connected in series, potentials of (V 1 −V 2 )/n will be distributed. 
         [0064]    According to the above-mentioned configuration of this embodiment, the equipotential beam of the deflection electric field is vertical to the secondary electron conversing electrode, as shown in the first embodiment the secondary electrons will be absorbed into the detector without any loss. 
       Fourth Embodiment 
       [0065]    Then, as the fourth embodiment of the present invention, we will show in  FIG. 7  an example of carrying out the present invention in a semiconductor dimension measurement scanning electron microscope (dimension measurement SEM) for measuring the dimension of semiconductor patterns. If there is any shading on the acquired image (or two-dimensional distribution information of pixels) for measuring the dimension and inspecting semiconductor patterns, it is impossible to precisely measure the dimension and evaluate semiconductor patterns. Therefore, the configuration of this embodiment is effective. This embodiment shows an example of carrying out the present invention in a scanning electron microscope having a semi-in-lens objective lens. 
         [0066]    The dimension measurement SEM can be broadly divided into the electron optical system, the sample chamber  327 , the control unit  326 , and the electron detection system. The electron optical system includes an electron gun  301 , an extraction electrode  302 , an acceleration electrode  303 , condenser lens  304  and  306 , an aperture diaphragm  305 , a scanning deflector  307 , an objective lens  308 , and an objective lens upper magnetic electrode  313 . The sample chamber  327  includes a stage  309 . The objective lens upper magnetic electrode  313  includes a variable voltage booster voltage power source  312 , and the stage  309  includes a variable voltage retarding voltage power source  311 . 
         [0067]    The electron detection system includes E×B detectors  331  and  332 , a secondary electron conversing electrode  333 , and a secondary electron detector  334 . The secondary electron conversing electrode  333  is connected with a voltage power source  337 . The detected signals are transmitted to the transmitted signals processer  324  for measurement of dimensions. The images taken in are displayed on the monitor  325 . The operation commands and operation conditions for various parts of the apparatus are inputted and outputted in and from the control unit  326 . 
         [0068]    As  FIG. 8  shows, the E×B deflector  331  includes four electrodes  360 ,  361 ,  362   a  and  362   b  for creating a deflection electric field, four coils  363   a ,  363   b ,  363   c  and  363   d  for creating a deflection magnetic field, a ground electrode  367  and insulators  366   a  and  366   b . The electrode  360  is connected with a voltage power source  364  so that a positive voltage may be applied thereto, and the electrode  361  is connected with a voltage power source  365  so that a negative voltage may be applied thereto. The electrode  361  may sometimes be grounded. The electrodes  362   a  and  362   b  are grounded. The E×B deflector  332  includes four electrodes  370 ,  371 ,  372   a  and  372   b  for creating deflection electric field, four coils  373   a ,  373   b ,  373   c  and  373   d  for creating deflection magnetic field, a ground electrode  377  and insulators  376   a  and  376   b . The electrode  370  is connected with a voltage power source  374  so that a negative voltage may be applied thereto, and the electrode  371  is connected with a voltage power source  375  so that a positive voltage may be applied thereto. The electrode  371  may sometimes be grounded. The electrodes  372   a  and  372   b  are grounded. The secondary electron conversing electrode  333  is connected with the voltage power source  337 , and it is connected with the E×B deflector  331  through an insulator  336   a , and with the E×B deflector  332  through an insulator  376   a . The two E×B deflectors  331  and  332  are connected on the same axis with the opening for allowing the passage of the primary electron beam as its central axis. The secondary electron detector  334  includes a fluorescent body  338 , a secondary electron suction high-voltage electrode  339 , and a detector  340 . 
         [0069]    The electron gun  301  includes an extraction electrode  302 , and the primary electron beam is extracted from the electron gun by applying voltage on the extraction electrode  302 . For the electron source of the electron gun  301 , a diffusion supply-type thermal field emission electron source Zr/O/W is used. A negative voltage −V 0  is applied on the acceleration electrode  303 , and the primary electron beam passes through the acceleration electrode  303  with an energy V 0 . In this embodiment, we chose 3 kV for V 0 . Then, it is converged by the condenser lens  304  to create a crossover point  314 . The condenser lens  304  is connected with the condenser lens power source  320 , and the control unit  326  controls its operation. And its current is restricted while it passes through the aperture diaphragm  305 . And the primary electron beam is converged in the condenser lens  306 , to create a crossover point  315 . The condenser lens  306  is connected with the condenser lens power source  321 , and the control unit  326  controls its operation. The condenser lens  304  and the condenser lens  306  are controlled in such a way that the crossover point  315  may be situated between the E×B deflector  331  and the scanning deflector  307 . The primary electron beam is narrowed down sharply by an objective lens having an objective lens power source  323  controlled by the control unit  326 . The stage  309  includes a variable voltage retarding voltage power source  311  so that the high-voltage potential for decelerating the primary electron beam −Vr (retarding potential) may be variable. Due to the retarding potential, the primary electron beam, being abruptly decelerated directly above the sample, is converged by the objective lens on the sample. And the deflection coil  307  disposed in two stages between the condenser lens and the objective lens causes the primary electron beam to scan the substrate to be inspected  310 . The scanning deflector  307  is connected with the scanning signal generator  322 , and the control unit  326  controls its operation. 
         [0070]    At the time of irradiation of samples, the energy of the primary electron beam is (V 0 −Vr). Like the first embodiment, by the irradiation of the primary electron beam, the sample  310  generates secondary electrons having an energy of approximately zero to 50 eV and reflected electrons having an energy higher than 50 eV. 
         [0071]    The objective lens upper magnetic electrode  313  includes a variable voltage booster voltage power source  312  so that a positive potential for pulling up the secondary electrons (booster potential Vb) may be applied thereto, and the secondary electrons are pulled up to the electron source side by the booster potential. Since we chose 2.2 kV for Vr in this embodiment, the primary electron beam penetrates the sample with an energy of 800 eV. We chose 6 kV for Vb. The secondary electrons advance to the electron source side being wound up to the electron source side by the pull-up electric field created by the booster electrode and the magnetic field created by the objective lens. Due to the absence of stereoimage detector for detecting reflected electrons, and a high value of Vb in comparison with the first embodiment, there are a large number of secondary electrons pulled up to the electron source side. 
         [0072]    Between the condenser lens  306  and the objective lens, a secondary electron conversing electrode  333 , being a discoidal electrode having a central hole for allowing the passage of the primary electron beam, is provided. The secondary electron conversing electrode  333  includes a means for applying voltage, and phosphor bronze is used for the material because of ease of acquisition and processing. Other materials may be used. The surface is coated with gold mainly for the purpose of preventing polluting materials from sticking thereon due to the irradiation of the secondary electron beam. Other materials may be used for the coasting material. The secondary electron conversing electrode  333  is connected with the deflector  331  for deflecting secondary electrons on the sample side through an insulator, and with a deflector  332  for canceling the aberration of the primary electron beam on the electron source side through an insulator. The embodiment of various deflectors is the same as the first embodiment. 
         [0073]    The secondary electrons collide with the secondary electron conversing electrode  333 , from which the secondary electrons are generated. By the deflection field of the deflector  331 , the secondary electrons are deflected in the direction of the detector, infiltrate a mesh electrode  360  and enter the detector  340  being accelerated by the suction electrode  339 . 
         [0074]    Also in this embodiment, like the cause of generation of shading described in the first embodiment, if the secondary electron conversing electrode has no means of applying voltage, the efficiency of detecting the secondary electrons varies depending on the position where the secondary electrons collide with the secondary electron conversing electrode  333 , and the efficiency of detecting the secondary electrons becomes uneven in the surface of the secondary electron conversing electrode. When we observe samples at a low magnification, the secondary electrons are largely deflected by the scanning deflector, and if there is any area where the efficiency of detection has fallen down in the scope of scanning while we are scanning the secondary electron conversing electrode  333 , the efficiency of detecting the secondary electrons varies depending on the position of scanning. This constitutes a cause for the appearance of shading on the acquired images. 
         [0075]    The presence of shadings on the acquired image constitutes a cause that cannot be measured correctly in the dimension measurement SEM for evaluating the dimension of semiconductor patterns from the acquired image. Therefore, a voltage is applied on the secondary electron conversing electrode  333  by the controlling means of voltage  337 , and the voltage is controlled at a level higher than the electrodes  362   a  and  362   b  to adjust the equipotential distribution. Thus, the force is created for pulling up the secondary electrons towards the conversion electrode. In this way, the secondary electrons that collided with the cover beneath the detector or the electrode  361  and were not absorbed by the detector advance between the secondary electron conversing electrode  333  and the grounded electrode  367 . 
         [0076]    Incidentally, the embodiment of the deflector is similar to the first embodiment, and its structure is shown in  FIG. 8 . Since the structure is the same, the deflection action on the primary electron beam and the deflection action on the secondary electron are similar to the first embodiment, and in addition as the two deflectors having reverse deflection polarity are joined respectively through the secondary electron conversing electrode and an insulator, the correction of deflection aberration by the deflectors vis-à-vis the primary electron beam can obviously be obtained in the same way as the first embodiment.