Abstract:
A weight distribution system for dynamically controlling and adjusting the weight load on each axle of a vehicle uses a manifold that is fluid flow disposed between a source of pressured air of the vehicle and the air bags of the vehicle. The manifold allows an individual air bag to be inflated or deflated to a desired pressurization depending on either preprogrammed or user input parameters. By individually controlling the air bags, the system allows the setting of the maximum amount of weight to be borne by a given axle so that tires can be removed from that axle without weight overloading the remaining tires. The system also automatically self-levels the chassis of the vehicle and maintains proper ride height of the vehicle using input from a height sensor located on one of the axles. The system wirelessly communicates, terrestrially or via satellite, its parameters to roadway officials to verify that the vehicle is in compliance with weight loading requirements and to the home office or other location via a satellite link.

Description:
This application is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/587,977 filed on Dec. 31, 2014, which prior application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a load distribution system for commercial vehicles wherein the inflation and deflation of each air bag of an air suspension system of the vehicle is controlled independently and automatically so as to maintain a desired pressure within each air bag so as to control the load being borne by each air bag and its axle so as to achieve optimum load distribution of the overall vehicle. 
     2. Background of the Prior Art 
     Under current United States Department of Transportation regulations, in a typical tractor-trailer combination (18 wheeler) the maximum weight load on the steering axle of the combination is 12,000 pounds, while the dual drive axle load is 34,000 pounds and the dual tandem trailer axle load is also 34,000, and the overall tractor-trailer rig cannot gross over 80,000 pounds combined. Additionally, each tire used on the typical tractor-trailer combination has a maximum load capability of 7,200 pounds so that the tires can support 14,400 pounds on the steering axle, 57,800 pounds on the drive axle and 57,800 pounds on the tandem trailer axle. Clearly, there is excess tire weight support capacity relative to the allowable load capacity on each axle. 
     Many modern truck and trailer manufacturers are implementing air bag suspension systems into their vehicles, turning away from the more traditional steel spring systems. Air bags tend to be lighter, more reliable, more efficient, have a lower natural frequency so as to produce a smoother and more comfortable ride for driver, vehicle, and cargo alike thereby reducing fatigue and minimizing the risk of damage respectively, and tend to reduce wear and tear on various components of the vehicle, among other benefits of air bag suspension systems. The weight of the vehicle and its load is transferred to the axles and thus the tires via a series of air bags, two air bags per axle. The air bags are pressurized and thereby suspend the weight of the vehicle. Modern air bag systems have appropriate sensors and leveling valves that work together to allow the chassis of the vehicle to remain level as the weight shifts as well as to remain at an optimal ride height. Modern air bag suspension systems may also have weight sensors to be able to detect an overload condition on a given axle, issuing an alarm if an overload condition is detected, allowing the operator to take corrective measures. 
     In an 80,000 pound gross maximum weight configuration for a tractor-trailer rig, as few as twelve 7,200 pound weight supportable tires can be utilized to support the 80,000 gross weight of the overall tractor-trailer combination, which means that more tires are being used on an 18-wheel tractor trailer combination than is required. Such extra tires increase the overall costs of rig operation in that the tires and wheel set themselves cost money to purchase and maintain. Additionally, the additional tires on the rig increase the rolling resistance of the rig which decreases fuel efficiency of the rig. 
     It would seem obvious to remove some of the tires from the tractor-trailer combination to save the costs associated with using the extra tires while still maintaining the sufficient tire weight bearing capacity required. However, this is not as easy as it seems. The load of the tractor-trailer is not uniform throughout the overall length of the rig, if the load were uniform, then tire removal might be possible. The non-uniform weight distribution on the tractor-trailer means that some axles bear more of the weight than other axles so that if tires were removed from a particular axle and that axle bore more weight for a given load relative to other axles, an over-weight-capacity issue could be created, which can be dangerous. 
     Therefore, in order to be able to achieve tire removal from a tractor-trailer combination, and realize the attendant savings associated with such tire removal, it is necessary to control the weight distribution at each axle whereat a tire is removed so as to prevent overloading the remaining tires on such axle. 
     Some prior art systems have been proposed to better distribute weight load on each axle via so-called suspension slider systems. While effective for their intended purpose, such systems are designed to move weight loading onto or away from the tractor depending on the circumstances of a given load. Additionally, such systems are manual in operation and time-consuming to use. 
     What is needed is a system whereby the weight load imposed on a given axle of a tractor-trailer combination or even a standalone truck such as a dump truck can be controlled so as to allow the removal of one or more of the tires from the vehicle without fear of overloading the axle wherefrom the wheel is removed. Such a system must be automatic in its operation so that vehicle operator or mechanic input is not necessary once the system is properly installed. Such a system should be dynamic so that weight load distribution on the vehicle is automatically adjusted depending on the given conditions of a particular weight load. Ideally, such a system must be relatively inexpensive to produce, install, and maintain. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle of the present invention addresses the aforementioned needs in the art by allowing the weight load on each axle to be controlled independently and automatically, based on preprogrammed parameters, which may be overridden by an operator. The use of the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle allows the removal of wheels from one or more axles of the vehicle and controls the maximum weight load on such axle(s) so as not to overload the remaining tires on such axle(s). The controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle is automatic so that once installed and its software appropriately programmed, the system achieves its function without the necessity of operator involvement, although the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle allows the operator to change the requisite parameters for a given set of circumstances. The controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle is of relatively simple design and construction, being produced using standard manufacturing techniques, so that the system is relatively inexpensive to produce, install (and uninstall is desired) and maintain so as to be economically attractive to potential consumers for this type of device. The controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle has the added feature of being able to wirelessly broadcast its operating parameters (especially the vehicle&#39;s overall weight) to highway officials so that such officials can verify compliance of the vehicle using the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle with appropriate rules and regulations and possibly waive the vehicle past weigh station and other inspection checkpoints. 
     The controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle of the present invention is comprised of a manifold that has an inlet port that is fluid flow connected to a source of pressurized air (typically the pressurized air tank of the vehicle). The manifold also has a plurality of supply ports, each supply port fluid flow connected to a respective one of the air bags of the air suspension of the vehicle such that pressurized air is supplied to the air bag whenever the particular supply port for that air bag is open and the inlet port is open (and the exhaust port, described next, is closed). The manifold further has an exhaust port for exhausting air from at least one of the air bags whenever the at least one air bag has its supply port open and the exhaust port is open and the inlet port from the pressurized air source is closed. The various ports have electrically actuated valves to perform the opening and closing process. A control system is electrically connected to the inlet port for opening and closing the inlet port, to each of the supply ports for opening and closing each supply port individually, and the exhaust port for opening and closing the exhaust port, all such openings and closing based on the calculation of a set of data by the control system. A plurality of pressure sensors is provided such that each pressure sensor is attached to a respective one of the air bags for monitoring the pressure within the respective air bag. Each pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control system for providing pressure input (the pressure within the air bag) to the control system for the control system to use in the calculation of the set of data. A height sensor is provided and is attached to one of the axles of the vehicle for monitoring the ride height of the vehicle as well as helping to assure that the vehicle is level. The height sensor is electrically connected to the control system for providing ride height input to the control system for the control system to use in the calculation of the set of data. An algorithm is installed within the control system such that a processor within the control system processes the algorithm (the processor of the control system can be a general purpose processor commonly available or can be a customized processor). The algorithm receives the pressure input from each pressure sensor and ride height input from the height sensor and uses such inputs to calculate the set of data used to control the manifold based on the desired outputs set by the user. An input device is electrically connected to the control system such that the input device receives override input (a user, such as the vehicle operator inputs such override input via an appropriate input device, keyboard associated with a screen in the vehicle&#39;s cab, or the screen can be a touch control screen, etc.), that is communicated to the control system such that when the control system receives the override input, the control system overrides the set of data and uses the override input to control the manifold—for example, if the vehicle encounters slick road conditions, the operator can shift some of the weight from the axles of the trailer to the drive axles of the tractor, subject to the maximum limits on such axles, in order to increase the weight load on such drive axles in order to give the vehicle more traction. A first wireless transmitter is provided and is in signal communication (wired or wirelessly) with the control system such that the control system uses the pressure input from each pressure sensor and converts each such pressure input to a weight amount (via the processor) and sums each of the weight amounts to achieve an overall weight amount (the total weight of the vehicle) such that the first transmitter wirelessly transmits the overall weight amount to a receiver such as a weigh station. A second wireless transmitter is provided and is in signal communication (wired or wirelessly) with the control system such that the control system uses the pressure input from each pressure sensor and converts each such pressure input to a weight amount (via the processor) and sums each of the weight amounts to achieve an overall weight amount (the total weight of the vehicle) such that the first transmitter wirelessly transmits the overall weight amount to a different receiver such as the home office of the tractor-trailer company for monitoring of the company&#39;s fleet therefrom 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an environmental view of a tractor-trailer combination wirelessly communicating the operating parameters of the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle of the present invention to a weigh station and to a satellite for rebroadcast to a desired terrestrial location therefrom. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle installed on an axle pair of the vehicle. 
     
    
    
     Similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring now to the drawings, it is seen that the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle of the present invention, generally denoted by reference numeral  10 , is installed on a tractor-trailer combination  12 , or even a single truck, such as a dump truck, wherein the vehicle at issue has an air bag suspension system. As seen, the vehicle has a series of axles  14  with a set of tires  16  on either side of each axle  14 . In a typical modern tractor-trailer combination, there are two tires  16  on the steer axle, a total of eight tires  16  on the drive axle pair (four tires per axle) and a total of eight tires  16  on the tandem axle pair (four tires per axle)—the so-called  18  wheeler. Of course, other combinations are possible such as a tractor that has only a single drive axle or trailers that have a single axle or more than two axles, etc. As seen, each axle  14  has a pair of air bags  18  thereon, one air bag  18  on either side of the axle  14 . Each air bag  18 , part of the air suspension system of the vehicle  12 , transfers the load of the vehicle  12  and its cargo to its respective axle  14  and thus to the tires  16  on the axle  14 . Each air bag  18  has a pressure sensor  22  to monitor the pressure within each air bag  18 . A height sensor  20 , of any appropriate design known in the art (electrical, electromagnetic, optical, etc.), is located on one of the axles  14  of the vehicle (or on the single axle  14  if the vehicle, such as a trailer, is a single axle vehicle. The height sensor  20  measures the distance (ride height) between the sprung weight and the unsprung weight of the vehicle, stated another way, the distance between the suspension-mounting surface (the bottom of trailer frame or slider box) to the center of the axle  14 . 
     The vehicle  12  has an air tank  24  (source of pressurized air) which is fluid flow connected to a manifold  26  via an air hose  28 , which manifold  26  can be mounted in a desired location such as proximate the air tank  24  or on one of the axles  14 . The manifold  26  has a series of supply ports  30 , one supply port  30  for each air bag  18  being serviced by the manifold  26  such that each supply port  30  is fluid flow connected to a respective one of the air bags  18  via an air hose  32 . The manifold  26  has one or more exhaust ports  34  as well as an electronic control system  36  which controls operation of the manifold  26 . 
     The controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  operates such that the manifold  26  can supply air to an individual air bag  18  (or multiple air bags  18 ) in order to increase the air pressure in the air bag  18  by opening an inlet port  38  between the manifold  26  and the air tank  24 , opening the supply port  30  that is fluid flow connected to the desired air bag  18  and closing the remaining supply ports  30  and the exhaust ports  34 . Air flows from the air tank  24  through the manifold  36  to the desired air bag  18  until the desired pressure within the air bag  18  is reached, as sensed by the pressure sensor  22  of that air bag  18 , so that the pressure sensor sends its data to the control system  36  and the control system, recognizing that the desired pressure is in the particular air bag  18 , sends a signal to the manifold to close all of the ports  30 ,  34 , and  38 . Each of the ports  30 ,  34 ,  38  is an electrically actuated valve of appropriate design and is controlled by signals from the control system  36 . Similarly, the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  can decrease the air pressure within a single air bag  18  (or multiple air bags  18 ) by closing the inlet port  38  between the manifold  36  and the air tank  24 , opening the supply port  30  for the given air bag  18  while closing the remaining supply ports  30  and opening the exhaust ports  34 . Air is exhausted from the desired air bag  18  into the atmosphere by flowing from the air bag  18  and through the manifold  26 , exiting the manifold  26  via the exhaust ports  34 . Once the air pressure within the air bag  18  has been reduced to a desired level, all open ports  30  and  34  are closed. 
     The controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  allows the air pressure within each air bag  18  to be individually controlled, the amount of the air pressure determining how much load is being borne by that air bag  18 . Therefore, if tires  16  are removed from an axle  14  so that the maximum allowable weight load on that axle  14  is reduced, the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  adjusts the maximum pressure that can be put into the air bags  18  on that axle  14 . If, due to a load shift or other factor, the weight being borne by the axle  14  with tires  16  removed exceeds its maximum weight load limit, the control system  36  senses such a condition via input from the pressure sensor  22  of the respective air bags  18  and automatically adjusts the air pressure within these air bags  18  to bring the weight load on the axle  14  to a safe limit, shifting the excess load to the other air bags  18  via a predetermined algorithm. The controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  can preprogrammed by the installer so that the weight loading on each of the axles  14  that is present is based on some desired algorithm (for example, the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  can be preprogrammed so as to distribute the weight onto each axle  14  (or more precisely onto each tire  16 ) as uniformly as possible, irrespective of whether any tires  16  are removed or not, subject to the maximum load limits or the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  in order to distribute the loading uniformly onto each tire which helps preserve the life of the tires  16  and also helps with stopping distances of the vehicle  12 , or the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  can receive input from other vehicles systems and adjust the weight distribution based on such inputs so that if such other systems sense that the roads are slick due to rain or snow, an appropriate weight distribution adjustment is made). The controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  can also auto engage any extra load axles after other axles  14  have reached their full weight capacity, as may be experienced in dump trucks or heavy haul trucks that have drop down axles, for example. The control system  36  is also in signal communication with the height sensor  20  and adjusts the ride height of the vehicle as well as levels the vehicle. As air suspension systems are designed to operate at a specific ride height, the control system  36  receives ride height input from the height sensor  20  and adjusts the air suspension system as needed either supplying air (opening inlet port  38  and supply ports  30  and closing exhaust ports  34 ) to the air bags  18  if the ride height is too low or exhausting air (closing inlet port  38 , opening supply ports  30  and opening exhaust ports  34 ) from the air bags  18  if the ride height is too high all the while maintaining the desired weight distribution among the air bags  18 . 
     The distribution of weight can also be operator controlled or some combination with the preprogrammed algorithm therefore. For example, the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  can be preprogrammed as desired, however, the operator can override the programming. For example, if the operator encounters slick road conditions and the system does not adjust as desired by the operator, the operator can add more weight load onto the drive or steer axles of the tractor in or to help better control the vehicle  12 . As noted, such conditions can also be input into the control system  36  by communicatively coupling the control system  36  to the vehicle&#39;s computer system (not illustrated) in appropriate fashion so as to further automate the processing by the control system  36 . An appropriate input screen (keyboard based, touch screen, etc.,—none illustrated) can be provided within the cab of the tractor in order to allow the operator to control the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  if desired as well as to monitor the system with the various parameters displayed on the screen and configured as desired. 
     Of course controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  can be used for various axle combinations including standalone trucks that have two, three or more axles, as well as trailers that have more or less than two axles and even for multiple trailer combinations. In trailer usage, each trailer will have its own manifold  26  and control system  36  with the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  having a master control system for controlling each of the individual control systems  36  of each manifold  26  (for example, one manifold control system combination on the steer axles, one manifold-control system combination on the drive axles of the tractor (or one total for the steer and drive axles), and one manifold-control system combination on the trailer). Each of the control systems  36  has its own processor onboard for performing the various calculations and issuing commands as needed and also has data storage capability for not only holding the algorithm thereon (if not in firm ware) but also for other purposes such as retaining the data throughout an operating cycle such that such data can be downloaded and analyzed as desired. 
     The control system  36  of the controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  is integrated into the vehicle&#39;s onboard computer system called CAN (control system area network) bus system in order to allow the control system  36  to communicate its various measured parameters, especially the weight measurements to other components communicating with the CAN as well as to receive data from such other components in order to input such data into the algorithm. 
     The controllable weight distribution system for a vehicle  10  may also have a wireless transmitter  40  that is capable of terrestrially communicating with a receiver  42  maintained by roadway officials, such as at a typical weigh station  44  found on the various highways of this country. The control system  36  is coupled to the transmitter  40  in appropriate fashion (either hard wired or itself coupled to the transmitter wirelessly) and can send out its operating parameters (typically the overall weight of the vehicle  12  which is summed from each of the air bags  18  on the vehicle  12  using the pressure sensor  22  input for such weight calculation of each individual air bag  18  and/or the axle weights such as the steer, drive, and/or tandem axle weights either individually, grouped, or total) to the receiver  42  so that roadway officials can quickly determine whether the vehicle  12  is in compliance with regulations and if so, waive it past the weigh station  44 . Of course, the receiver can be disposed within a vehicle of a roadway official so that such official can make the weight compliance determinations while cruising the highways during his or her routine. This not only helps increase the overall safety on the highways by helping assure that trucks are in weight compliance more dynamically, but also increases transportation efficiency by reducing the need for trucks to stop at weigh stations  44 , thereby reducing the operator&#39;s downtime. 
     Additionally, the control system  36  communicates its various measured parameters, especially its weight measurements to the vehicle&#39;s onboard satellite communication system  46  in appropriate fashion, such as via a J1939 bus connection connected to the aforementioned CAN. This allows the vehicle  12  to transmit its weight data to the home office (or other desired location) via satellite  48  communication. The satellite communication system can be used to communicate to roadway officials instead of using terrestrial communication via the transmitter  42 , if the roadway officials have such satellite communication capability 
     While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to an embodiment thereof, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.