Abstract:
A method and system for generating and solving production model algorithms for the optimum management of production rates, equipment utilization, raw material, utilities, inventories and production schedule so as to increase total output and/or decrease total cost per unit of production for a continuous or semi-continuous manufacturing facility. The application updates dynamically so that users are provided real-time optimized production decisions on the basis of current information.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   This invention relates, in general, to the optimization of the operations in the process industry, and more particularly to the optimum management of resources and production schedule so as to increase total output and/or decrease total cost of production for a continuous or semi-continuous manufacturing facility. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Production planning in the process industry is today more complicated than ever. A manufacturing facility should not only output production in a certain period, but also ensure that each unit of production is produced with maximum profitability. Numerous factors, such as prices and availability of raw material and utilities, production demands for different products, equipment availability, etc., should therefore be taken under consideration before proceeding with any production plan. 
   Decisions have to be made under time pressure for a multitude of reasons, e.g., just-in-time production and delivery techniques, production upsets, raw material/energy curtailment, product type changes, planned/unplanned maintenance, etc. Managers and operators should evaluate each of these constraints before determining how best to operate each part of the manufacturing facility in order to meet the overall primary objective, e.g., minimize the overall production cost. 
   Raw material purchase agreement formulas, real-time-pricing of purchased electricity, self-generated energy, departmental rate change limitations, restricted buffer storage capacity, and recycle streams within the manufacturing facility add considerably to the complexity of the decision making process. 
   Manufacturing facilities in general do not have a way for truly optimized decision making. Conventional decision making is usually based on previous experience and rules-of-thumb. In most cases these decisions are made to provide short-term localized production targets without taking under consideration all the different alternatives, the impact on the entire manufacturing facility, and their affect in the final objective. As a result production unit cost minimization is not achieved and overall profits are not maximized. 
   Accordingly a need exists for a convenient, real-time method of providing easily accessible, truly optimized production decisions in continuous and semi-continuous manufacturing facilities. 
   SUMMARY OF THE IVENTION 
   The present invention is an automatically updating, on-line software application system that continuously provides real-time optimized operating set points for each production department, each boiler/turbine-generator, and purchased utilities for a continuous or semi-continuous manufacturing facility. Optimized decisions are exportable for electronic distribution to provide easy access by all connected authorized users. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     A more complete understanding of the present invention may be obtained by reference to the following Detailed Description when read in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings wherein: 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a typical unit or department model. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates the division of the optimization time horizon into periods using the present invention&#39;s wizard tool. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a typical user&#39;s gap analysis display. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates the present invention&#39;s software application system structure. 
       FIG. 5  is the detailed description of the present invention&#39;s model including the equation structure. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention methodology uses a mathematical model to represent a continuous or semi-continuous manufacturing facility. This mathematical model is a matrix of algorithms comprised of the following modules: 
   Units: In the invention, model Units are basic elements, which represent major and critical process equipment that are modeled as single unit ‘black boxes’, converting inputs to outputs using the equipment&#39;s required utilities. Specifically, Units are modeled as sets of linear equations, which depict the energy and material balances around them. Each Unit has a minimum number of characteristics such as: maximum and minimum operating limits, preferred operating rates, alternative modes of operation, associated input and output flows, forced open and forced closed flags. A representation of a typical Unit is seen in  FIG. 1 . 
   Departments: In the invention model, departments are also basic model entities that represent an area of the process which consists of a number of Units that perform a specific task and can be modeled as single black boxes in a similar way as the Units. Departments are modeled as sets of linear equations, which depict the overall energy and material balances around the department. Each Department has a minimum number of characteristics such as: maximum and minimum operating limits, preferred operating rates, alternative modes of operation, input and output flows associated with it, forced open and forced close flags, and internal flows between the different equipment within the Department. An illustration of a typical Department is also seen in  FIG. 1 . 
   Flows: In the invention model, Flows are model entities that represent the actual material movement and material transformation between the different Units and Departments of the model. Flows can be classified into three categories: input flows, output flows, and internal flows. There is also one subcategory for inventoried flows. 
   Input Flows: In the invention model, Input Flows are models of all the raw material and utilities that are being used by the facility. Each Input Flow has a minimum number of characteristics such as minimum and maximum available quantity and corresponding cost. 
   Output Flows: In the invention model, Output Flows are models of all the products and by-products of the facility as well as any material that leaves the facility&#39;s boundaries. Each Output Flow has a minimum number of characteristics such as minimum and maximum demand, quantity and corresponding price. 
   Internal Flows: In the invention model, Internal Flows are models of all the material flows that start and end within the boundaries of the facility. Each Internal Flow has a minimum number of characteristics such as minimum and maximum flow quantity. 
   Inventory Flows: In the invention model, the Inventory Flows are models of all the input, output, and internal flows, that can be inventoried. Each Inventory Flow has, in addition to its inherited characteristics, an additional number of minimum characteristics such as minimum and maximum storage capacity. 
   Operating Practices: In the invention model, mathematical expressions are included to account for actual operating practices such as lead/lag times for bringing a unit or department on-line or off-line, monetary costs associated with unit or department start-ups and shut-downs, preferred operating rates, operating ratios, product recipes, etc. 
   Periods: In the invention model, the optimization time horizon is divided into time increments called periods. Its start time and its length define each period. During each period the facility is considered to operate at steady-state conditions and flows characteristics do not change. Division of the optimization time horizon into periods is done though a tool termed Period Wizard. 
   Special Contract Terms: In the invention model, special contract terms for purchasing and/or selling raw materials, energy, products, etc., are expressed as mathematical equations to accurately reflect each particular contract term and condition. These equations are incorporated into the overall optimization model. 
   Optimization Model: In the invention model, all the aforementioned modules, i.e., Units, Departments, Flows, Periods, Operating Practices, and Special Contract Terms are configured together to create an optimization model (mathematical programming matrix) accurately representing the entire manufacturing facility production process. 
   A detailed description of the invention model is presented in  FIG. 5 . 
   Once a manufacturing facility is set up as the mathematical model it is populated with the default attributes (characteristics) for each modeled unit, department, and flow. 
   A significant element of a unit or department is its efficiency, i.e., quantity of outputs as a function of inputs. These efficiencies are included as mathematical expressions based on actual performance. Since efficiencies will vary over time due to unit/department deterioration, maintenance, cleaning, replacement, reconfiguration, upgrade, etc., the present invention includes an on-line self-learning function to monitor and automatically adjust the associated mathematical expressions over time. 
   The present invention includes an electronic data transfer interface termed MIS Link. The MIS Link interface takes its name from the acronym of Management Information System (MIS) which most manufacturing facilities have available and which records data about processes and usages of all furnish materials and energy necessary in the facility&#39;s manufacturing process. The MIS Link interface is therefore linked with the MIS system and allows downloading/uploading of the appropriate data on a real-time basis. 
   In the preferred form of the invention required final product quantities by type, inputs for raw material and purchased utility costs, current operating rates/inventories, and temporary constraints imposed on the manufacturing facility process are automatically downloaded to the application via the MIS Link. Alternatively these can be entered manually through the application&#39;s graphical user interface. 
   In the preferred form of the invention, an update routine is also included. This routine downloads the facility&#39;s real-time data to the application, runs the application&#39;s generic linear optimizer engine and uploads the optimized decisions automatically at fixed (adjustable) time intervals. 
   In the preferred form of the invention, a trigger routine is also included. This routine downloads the facility&#39;s real-time data to the application, runs the application&#39;s optimization engine and uploads the optimized decisions automatically whenever the actual facility data changes by a pre-determined (adjustable) amount, either as a discrete value or as a percentage change. 
   Period Wizard: In the present invention, the Period Wizard is a tool that implements an automated process of dividing the optimization time horizon into smaller time increments called periods. Two options are available in the Period Wizard for dividing the time horizon. In the first one, the user defines a default length for each period and a number of equal-length periods is automatically created covering the whole time horizon; the last period&#39;s length could be truncated in order to adjust to the end of the time horizon. In the second option, the user introduces events that will take place during the optimization time horizon and the application then automatically creates the periods in such a way that neither the start nor the end of any event lie within a period but coincide with period edges, i.e., the they set the period time boundaries. This is shown in  FIG. 2 . 
   Gap Analysis: In the present invention, the Gap Analysis is a function that makes a real-time comparison between the optimized production decisions against the actual production operation, determines the comparison gap (difference), analyses the lost opportunities in terms of cost, and outputs the cost penalties together with a recommendation for corrective actions to the facility&#39;s MIS for a real-time user awareness of the penalty associated with not following the optimized production decisions. An example of this is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
   Application System Structure: In the present invention, the application system structure consists of a database used for data storage, a graphical user interface facilitating data communication between the user and the storage device and the optimization components, optimization model, the optimization model solver, and the MIS Link electronic data transfer interface to link the invention software application with the facility&#39;s MIS system on a real-time basis. This is depicted is  FIG. 4 . 
   The invention optimization parameters will have many manifestations, including product units, labor, raw materials, energy, unit costs, etc. In these manifestations this software application is customized to cover any optimization variable in any manufacturing facility. 
   Although other modifications and changes may be suggested by those skilled in the art, it is the intention of the inventors to embody within the patent warranted hereon all changes and modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of their contribution to the art.