Abstract:
Devices, apparatus, systems and methods for providing accurate linear and angular positioning with a payload mounted to a beam having freely moveable ends. The payload can be a laser pointer mounted on a firearm, which maintains the initial precise pointing during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments. Vertical and lateral adjustment controls can adjust minute changes in beam orientation. Precision adjustments can be performed in a zero G, one G, or high G environment and maintains the adjustment during and after being exposed to a high G shock or vibration environment.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/577,179 filed Dec. 19, 2014, now allowed, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/513,809 filed on Oct. 14, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,270,082, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/089,041 filed on Nov. 25, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,077,139, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/442,425 filed on Apr. 9, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,826,582 issued on Sep. 9, 2014, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application 61/629,737 filed Nov. 26, 2011. The entire disclosure of each of the applications listed in this paragraph are incorporated herein by specific reference thereto. 
     
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0002]    This invention relates to precision pointing, in particular to devices, apparatus, systems and methods for providing accurate linear and angular positioning of a payload, such as a laser pointer and maintains the initial precise pointing during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments, with the capability of adjusting minute changes in beam orientation, where the beam supporting the payload can be a mathematical equation based conical shaped beam or non-equation based beam profile. The precision adjustments can be performed in a zero G, one G, or high G environment and maintains the adjustment during and after being exposed to a high G shock or vibration environment. 
       BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART 
       [0003]    Laser pointing devices have been widely used on firearms to allow the shooter to accurately aim the weapon without using the weapons sights, and are used in military type training systems to simulate an aimed shot. They have also been used in many commercial products and as aids in testing products, also range finders, laser designators, and the like. 
         [0004]    The most common firearm application is to mount a laser on a weapon, providing adjustment so the laser can be aligned with the sights and use the laser beam to point the weapon at a target while the trigger is being pulled. Once the shot is fired, the alignment of the laser relative to the sights does not come into play since the bullet is on its trajectory to the target. The patents also claim the mounting and adjustments isolates the laser from the weapons shock which means the laser assembly is designed to move relative to the weapon during the high G shock event from firing the weapon. 
         [0005]    The Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System (MILES) is a training system providing a realistic battlefield environment for soldiers involved in training exercises. The Army developed the original family of MILES devices in the late &#39;70s and early &#39;80s using state-of-the-art technology of that time. MILES is the primary training device for force-on-force training at Army home stations. A MILES system for a soldier includes a laser module (Small Arms Transmitter or SAT) mounted to the barrel of a real weapon, a blank firing adapter, and an integrated receiver with sensors on the helmet and load-bearing vests for the soldiers. The SAT&#39;s laser beam is aligned by the solder to the weapon&#39;s sights when the SAT is mounted to the weapon. During the training exercise, the soldier aims the weapon on the opposing force soldier using the weapon&#39;s standard sights. When a blank shot is fired by the weapon, it causes the laser to fire a coded laser burst in the direction the weapon was aimed. Information contained in the laser pulses includes the player ID and the type of weapon used. If that laser burst is sensed by the receiver of another soldier, the “hit” soldier&#39;s gear beacon makes a beeping noise to let them know they are “dead.” 
         [0006]    When the weapon fires a blank in the MILES system, unique shock, flash and acoustic signatures are generated. Two of these signatures are decoded to determine a valid event and initiate MILES code transmissions Once a validated event is detected, the transmitter fires 4 Hit Words and 128 Near-Miss Words. Each word is ˜4 milliseconds (msec) long, the duration for 132 words is 484 msec or 0.484 seconds. The laser beam foot print (typical angular foot print size is 1 mrad to 3 mard and the maximum size is limited by the specification) needs to illuminate the detector sensor for the full duration of a Hit or Near-Miss Word to be registered by the receiver software as a Kill or Near-Miss. 
         [0007]    In the MILES system, there occurs a gross angular weapon movement after the blank has fired that moves the center of the laser foot print away from the sensor. During the time period from trigger pull to firing of the blank and firing the laser, the weapon moves in a semi-repeatable motion. See U.S. Published Patent Application 2004/0005531 for  FIGS. 8, 9 &amp; 10 . For open bolt weapons like the M240 and M249, the movement and corresponding error is greater after the trigger pull due to the time required for the bolt to close and the impact of the bolt increases the gross angular weapon movement. The shock from the bolt closing and/or the blank firing causes the SAT housing and mounting components to flex and introduce an addition pointing error to the gross weapon movement error which is not repeatable. Also based on the internal construction, the adjustment mechanism can unload (bounce) during the high G event and introduce additional significant pointing errors which is not repeatable. 
         [0008]    The sum of these angular pointing errors sources, (gross weapon movement, SAT component flexure and unloading) start at zero values for time zero (trigger pull) and increase over time. The SAT laser needs to be pointing at the opposing soldier&#39;s receiver and illuminating it for the 4 msec duration required to transmit the first hit word. The total angular pointing error movement has to less than half the laser angular footprint by the time the SAT has detected the event and finished transmitting the first hit word. The gross weapon angular pointing error is real and part of the normal system operation. The second and third error sources (flexure and unloading) are the problems. They are not part of the normal system operation and need to be minimized or cancelled. To the extent these are not reduced, the training system will depart from reflecting the actual accuracy of the soldier&#39;s performance, failing to register otherwise good hits. 
         [0009]    The present SAT design approaches do not maintain the initial precise pointing during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments. 
         [0010]    Various approaches have been proposed to deal with these types of problems. For example, U.S. Published Patent Application 2004/0005531 to Varshneya et al. describes an elaborate and complex system for calibrating misalignment of a weapon-mounted zeroed small arms transmitter (ZSAT) laser beam axis with the shooter line-of-sight (LOS) in a weapon training system, but fails to easily solve the problem. The proposed solution only addresses the repeatable error produced by the dynamic muzzle displacement from the gross weapon movement not the unrepeatable errors from the flexure and unloading errors. 
         [0011]    Other types of devices have resulted in additional problems. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,189,766 to Unerti; U.S. Pat. No. 3,476,349 to Smith; U.S. Pat. No. 3,596,863 to Kaspareck; U.S. Pat. No. 4,079,534 to Snyder; U.S. Pat. No. 4,161,076 to Snyder; U.S. Pat. No. 4,212,109 to Snyder; U.S. Pat. No. 4,295,289 to Snyder; U.S. Pat. No. 4,313,272 to Matthews; U.S. Pat. No. 4,686,440 to Nagasawa; U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,044 to Osterhout; U.S. Pat. No. 4,876,816 to Triplett; U.S. Pat. No. 4,916,713 to Gerber; U.S. Pat. No. 4,958,794 to Brewer; U.S. Pat. No. 5,033,219 to Johnson; U.S. Pat. No. 5,299,375 to Heinz; U.S. Pat. No. 6,378,237 to Matthews; U.S. Pat. No. 6,714,564 to Meyers; U.S. Pat. No. 6,793,494 to Deepak; U.S. Pat. No. 6,887,079 to Robertsson; U.S. Pat. No. 7,014,369 to Alcock; U.S. Pat. No. 7,331,137 to Hsu; U.S. Pat. No. 7,418,894 to Ushiwata; U.S. Pat. No. 7,558,168 to Chen; U.S. Pat. No. 7,726,061 to Thummel; U.S. Pat. No. 7,753,549 to Solinsky; U.S. Pat. No. 7,886,644 to Ushiwata; U.S. Pat. No. 7,922,491 to Jones; U.S. Pat. No. 7,926,218 to Matthews; and U.S. Published Patent Applications: 2001/0000130 to Aoki; 2003/0204959 to Hall; 2004/0161197 to Pelletier; 2006/0156556 to Nesch; and 2007/0240355 to Hsu. 
         [0012]    Some of the proposed devices intentionally shock isolate by allowing movement of the laser beam axis relative to the weapon to prevent damage to the laser or associated electronics and therefore does not maintain alignment during the shock. 
         [0013]    Other proposed devices include multiple parts that move relative to each other when the devices are aligned or boresighted. Due to manufacturing tolerances, there are clearances between mating surfaces that slide relative or mate to each other. There is friction at the sliding and spherical joints due to the preload forces. The tangential friction forces at the contacting surfaces produce bending in the components. During the high G shock or vibration event, the friction at the interface surfaces will go to zero and allow the components to slide and rotate to a force free state. This movement will produce a pointing error relative to the initial alignment. The larger the quality of interfaces, the larger the total pointing error after a shock. 
         [0014]    Additional problems with the prior art have included devices having sliding or pivoting joints and geared interfaces that have clearance between the none contacting surfaces can become contaminated which will cause binding or increased friction which will increase the pointing angle error. 
         [0015]    Prior art devices have included plural components, threaded rods that translate wedges used for alignment, due to clearances between the mating threaded parts, when the direction and adjustment is reversed, hysteresis will be introduced which is a source of error. After adjustment, during the shock, the stiction will be relieved and the wedge can move over the range of the thread clearance producing a pointing error. 
         [0016]    Some of the prior art devices include large and heavy components for a 1 G or manufacturing environment where there is no shock or vibration environment and there is no limitation on size, weight or adjustment type and are cumbersome for field use, difficult to adjust in the field, or the alignment is set at the factory. 
         [0017]    Some of the prior art includes devices which cannot maintain alignment or boresight over the wide temperature operating range from the low −40° C. to the high temperature where the barrel of the M240 can exceed 350° C. Over this temperature range, any mismatch in the components CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) will cause binding or increased clearances at the interfaces which will increase the pointing errors. The component&#39;s CTE mismatch will also introduce a bimetallic error as the temperature changes from the initial adjustment temperature. 
         [0018]    Still other prior art devices use different types of springs to preload the system against the adjustment stops so a payload does not move away from the stop and produce a dynamic pointing error. The springs used cannot produce enough force in the limited volume to counteract the unloading force. 
         [0019]    Thus, the need exists for solutions to the above problems with the prior art. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0020]    A primary objective of the present invention is for providing compact devices, apparatus, systems and methods for maintaining accurate linear and angular positioning of a conical shaped cantilevered beam or S shaped cantilevered beam or center deflecting beam with free ends, with each beam with one of an equation drive beam profile or a non-equation based beam profile having one end with mounted payload, during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments, with the capability of adjusting minute changes in beam orientation. 
         [0021]    A secondary objective of the present invention is for providing compact devices, apparatus, systems and methods for maintaining accurate linear and angular positioning of a conical shaped cantilevered beam or S shaped cantilevered beam or center deflecting beam with free ends, with each beam having one end with mounted payload, during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments, with the capability of adjusting minute changes in beam orientation. 
         [0022]    A third objective of the present invention is for providing compact devices, apparatus, systems and methods which maintains the initial precise pointing during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments, and does not require joints which have errors. 
         [0023]    A fourth objective of the present invention is for providing compact devices, apparatus, systems and methods which maintains the initial precise pointing during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments, that does not have any static friction(stiction) introduced deflections where the tangential friction forces at the contacting surfaces cause bending deflections of the mechanism&#39;s components when boresighted. 
         [0024]    A fifth objective of the present invention is for providing compact devices, apparatus, systems and methods which maintains the initial precise pointing during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments, which does not allow contamination to occurs between any bearing or mating surfaces. 
         [0025]    A sixth objective of the present invention is for providing compact devices, apparatus, systems and methods which maintains the initial precise pointing during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments, having a single element with no hysteresis, a non-reversing adjustment load and is kinematically stable. 
         [0026]    A seventh objective of the present invention is for providing compact devices, apparatus, systems and methods which maintains the initial precise pointing during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments, which is small, and light weight-by combining functions where the mass is reduced and the restraining force required and the associated mass is also reduced. 
         [0027]    An eighth objective of the present invention is for providing compact devices, apparatus, systems and methods which maintains the initial precise pointing during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments, that does not show any pointing error over a wide temperature range, from −40° C. to approximately 350° C., and more. 
         [0028]    A ninth objective of the present invention is for providing compact devices, apparatus, systems and methods which maintains the initial precise pointing during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments that is immune from binding at the joints and pointing errors due to any CTE mismatch of the components. 
         [0029]    A tenth objective of the present invention is for providing compact devices, apparatus, systems and methods which maintains the initial precise pointing during and after exposure in high G shock and vibration environments, having an adjustment point location that can cancel/reduce the dynamic pointing error introduced by the beams first and second modes of vibrations which are the major contributors to the dynamic pointing errors. 
         [0030]    A preferred embodiment of the precision pointing mechanism can include five major components or assemblies. The first component is the base which supports the other components. The second component is the payload which is being positioned and/or pointed. The third component is the conical element that connects to the base and provides linear and/or angular flexure between the payload and the base. The conical element also provides preload force against the adjustment element(s) which are the fourth and fifth components. The fourth and fifth components are the adjustment element(s) that provide displacement of the payload end of the conical element relative to the base. The conical element performs multiple functions; is the structural member attaches the payload to the base, provides the kinematic rotation and linear displacement of the payload and the preload force so the payload does not unload (move away) from the adjustment points during the high G event. 
         [0031]    The novel configuration for precision pointing of payloads can include multiple parts that move relative to each other. Given the manufacturing tolerances, there are no clearances between the mating surfaces that can introduce pointing errors after the initial adjustment and allows movement during the high G shock and vibration events that can produce a dynamic pointing error and does not maintain the initial adjustment. Also, stiction between the components can introduce static and dynamic pointing errors. There is no stiction between the components that will be removed during the dynamic environment and allow the components to move relative to each other and produce a static and or dynamic pointing error. 
         [0032]    Further objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments which are illustrated schematically in the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0033]      FIG. 1  is a perspective upper left front view of a single laser system with conical cantilevered beam supporting a laser. 
           [0034]      FIG. 2  is a perspective upper right front view of the laser system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0035]      FIG. 3  is a front view of the laser system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0036]      FIG. 4  is a rear view of the laser system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0037]      FIG. 5  is a right side view of the laser system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0038]      FIG. 6  is a left side view of the laser system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0039]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of the laser system of  FIG. 6  along arrow  7 B 
           [0040]      FIG. 8  is an exploded view of the laser system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0041]      FIG. 9  is an upper front right perspective view of a housing using the laser system of the previous figures mounted to a firearm. 
           [0042]      FIG. 10  is a lower front right perspective view of the firearm mounted housing and laser system of  FIG. 9 . 
           [0043]      FIG. 11  is a top view of the firearm mounted housing and laser system of  FIG. 9 . 
           [0044]      FIG. 12  is an exploded view of the firearm mounted housing and laser system of  FIG. 9 . 
           [0045]      FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a dual laser or laser &amp; detector system. 
           [0046]      FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a mirror payload system. 
           [0047]      FIG. 15  is an upper front left perspective view of another single laser system with an S shaped cantilevered beam supporting the laser. 
           [0048]      FIG. 16  is an upper front right perspective view of the another single laser system with an S shaped cantilevered beam supporting the laser of  FIG. 15 . 
           [0049]      FIG. 17  is a top view of the laser system with S shaped cantilevered beam of  FIG. 15 . 
           [0050]      FIG. 18  is a front view of the laser system with S shaped cantilevered beam of  FIG. 15 . 
           [0051]      FIG. 19  is a right side view of the system with S shaped cantilevered beam of  FIG. 15 . 
           [0052]      FIG. 20  is a left side view of the laser system with S shaped cantilevered beam of  FIG. 15 . 
           [0053]      FIG. 21  is a rear view of the laser system with S shaped cantilevered beam of  FIG. 15 . 
           [0054]      FIG. 22  is an exploded view of the system with S shaped cantilevered beam of  FIG. 15 . 
           [0055]      FIG. 23  is an upper front right perspective view of another single laser system with a center deflecting beam supporting the laser. 
           [0056]      FIG. 24  is an upper front left perspective view of the center deflecting beam supporting the laser of  FIG. 23 . 
           [0057]      FIG. 25  is a top view of the center deflecting beam supporting the laser of  FIG. 23 . 
           [0058]      FIG. 26  is a front view of the center deflecting beam supporting the laser of  FIG. 23 . 
           [0059]      FIG. 27  is a left side view of the center deflecting beam supporting the laser of  FIG. 23 . 
           [0060]      FIG. 28  is a right side view of the center deflecting beam supporting the laser of  FIG. 23 . 
           [0061]      FIG. 29  is a rear view of the center deflecting beam supporting the laser of  FIG. 23 . 
           [0062]      FIG. 30  is a cross-sectional view of the center deflecting beam supporting the laser along arrow  30 X of  FIG. 25  with the beam in a non-deflected state and boresight pointed down 
           [0063]      FIG. 31  is another cross-sectional view of the center deflecting beam supporting the laser module of  FIG. 30  with the beam deflected down and boresight pointed straight ahead. 
           [0064]      FIG. 32  is another cross-sectional view of the center deflecting beam supporting the laser module of  FIG. 30  with the beam deflected down and boresight pointed partially down. 
           [0065]      FIG. 33  is another cross-sectional view of the center deflecting beam supporting the laser module of  FIG. 30  with the beam deflected fully down and boresight pointed up. 
           [0066]      FIG. 34  is a graph showing the relationship between the preload forces over adjustment angle verses the peak forces due to the acceleration. 
           [0067]      FIG. 35  shows the vertical pointing angle for unloading condition with the mill radians (mrad) pointing error in one axis for a system that unloads during the shock event. 
           [0068]      FIG. 36  shows the pointing angle for correct preload condition with the mrad pointing error in one axis for a system that does not unload during the shock event. 
           [0069]      FIG. 37  shows the pointing angle metric verses adjustment point location. 
           [0070]      FIG. 38  is a perspective view of a cam version of the invention. 
           [0071]      FIG. 39  is another perspective view of the cam version of  FIG. 38 . 
           [0072]      FIG. 40 a    is a perspective view of the cylindrical shaped beam. 
           [0073]      FIG. 40 b    is a side profile of the cylindrical beam shown in  FIG. 40   a.    
           [0074]      FIG. 41 a    is a perspective view of a non-straight cylindrical shaped beam. 
           [0075]      FIG. 41 b    is a side view of the non-straight cylindrical shaped beam shown in  FIG. 41   a.    
           [0076]      FIG. 42 a    is a perspective view of another example of a non-straight shaped beam. 
           [0077]      FIG. 42 b    is a side profile of the non-straight beam shown in  FIG. 42 a    with an elliptical profile. 
           [0078]      FIG. 43 a    is a perspective view of another non-straight shaped beam with a parabolic profile. 
           [0079]      FIG. 43 b    is a side profile of the non-straight beam with a parabolic profile. 
           [0080]      FIG. 44 a    is a perspective view of another non-straight shaped beam with a hyperbolic profile. 
           [0081]      FIG. 44 b    is a side profile of the non-straight beam with a hyperbolic profile. 
           [0082]      FIG. 45 a    is a perspective view of another non-straight shaped beam with a catenary profile. 
           [0083]      FIG. 45 b    is a side profile of the non-straight beam with a catenary profile. 
           [0084]      FIG. 46 a    is a perspective view of another non-straight shaped beam with a non-equation based, non-straight profile. 
           [0085]      FIG. 46 b    is a side profile of the non-straight beam with a non-equation based, non-straight profile. 
           [0086]      FIG. 47 a    is a perspective view of a multi-step based shaped beam. 
           [0087]      FIG. 47 b    is a side profile of the multi-step shaped beam showing an example of a multi-stepped profile. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0088]    Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in detail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its applications to the details of the particular arrangements shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. 
         [0089]    A listing of components will now be described.
     1 . laser system with conical cantilevered beam     10 . base of housing     20 . rear wall of housing     25 . threaded opening for battery     30 . support housing portions for adjustment controls     32 . front top of housing     33 . cover of housing     34 . front side of housing     38 . front wall of housing     39 . cover mounting screws/washer     40 . cantilevered conical beam     42 . base wide end     43 . fastener (nut)     48 . narrow tip end     50 . payload     52 . laser housing     53 . laser diode     56 . lens     60 . lateral adjustment control     61 . o-ring for lateral adjustment     70 . vertical adjustment control     71  o-ring for vertical adjustment     80 . battery     85 . battery cover     87 . connector     90 . Circuit Card Assembly     92 . event sensor # 1       94 . event sensor # 2       96 . antenna cover     98 . on/off switch     100 . Firearm mounted application     110 . upper clamp     120 . pivotal clamp     123 . hinge pin     125 . screw/washer     190  weapon     200 . dual laser or laser and detector system     220 . dual laser or laser and detector payload     250 . single mirror system     270 . single mirror payload     300 . laser system with S shaped cantilevered beam     340 . S shaped cantilevered beam     342 . tip end of cantilevered beam     348 . rear mounted end of S shaped cantilevered beam     400 . laser system with center deflecting beam     420 . rear wall of housing     425 . opening in rear wall with opening having curved interior surface portion(s)     430 . front wall of housing     435 . opening in front wall with opening curved interior surface     440 . center deflecting beam     442 . rear conical portion of center deflecting beam     445 . middle portion of center deflecting beam     448 . front conical portion of center deflecting beam     450  payload (laser) support housing on front end of center deflecting beam     460 . rear mount support on rear end of center deflecting beam     470 . C shaped housing support for vertical and lateral controls     500 . Cam embodiment     510 . Cam wheel     520 . Cam wheel   
 
       Conical Shaped Cantilevered Beam 
       [0149]      FIG. 1  is a perspective upper left front view of a single laser system  1 .  FIG. 2  is a perspective upper right front view of the laser system  1  of  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 3  is a front view of the laser system  1  of  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 4  is a rear view of the laser system  1  of  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 5  is a right side view of the laser system  1  of  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 6  is a left side view of the laser system  1  of  FIG. 1 .  FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of the laser system  1  of  FIG. 6  along arrow  7 B.  FIG. 8  is an exploded view of the laser system  1  of  FIG. 1 . 
         [0150]    Referring to  FIGS. 1-8 , the laser system can include basic components of an outer one-piece type housing to support the main components. The main components can include base  10 , with a rear solid wall  20 , and a support housing portions  30  for adjustment controls  60 ,  70 , where the support portions can have an inverted C shaped configuration. A cantilevered conical beam  40  can have a wide base end  42  that can be mounted in the rear wall  20  by a fastener (nut)  43  at attaches about threaded ends of the wide base end  42 . Other types of mounting techniques can also be used The conical shaped beam can be hollow or solid. A narrow tip end  48  of the cantilevered beam  40  can pass through the middle of the C shaped support portions  30  and the narrow tip end  48  can be mounted to a payload  50  that can include a laser housing  52  with laser diode  53  and lens  56 . 
         [0151]    The profile of the conical element&#39;s effective length can be a straight cylinder as shown in  FIG. 40 a   , but the conical or curved shape provides lower weight and reduced dynamic pointing error. The taper adds to the capacity of the conical element by increasing the area moment of inertia where the moments and stresses are largest at the fixed end and allows material to be removed at the simply support end where the moments and stresses are minimal. The taper also provides a more constant curvature of the conical elements&#39; centerline for a given deflection at the simply supported end. 
         [0152]    Eccentricity is a parameter associated with conic sections like circle, ellipse, hyperbola etc. It is a measure of how much a conic section varies from being a circle. Below is the table for the eccentricity of the different conic sections: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Conic section 
                 eccentricity (e) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Ellipse 
                 0 &lt; e &lt; 1 
               
               
                   
                 Circle 
                 e = 0 
               
               
                   
                 Parabola 
                 e = 1 
               
               
                   
                 Hyperbola 
                 e &gt; 1 
               
               
                   
                 Line 
                 e = ∞ 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0153]      FIG. 40 a    is a perspective view of a conical beam with a cylindrical profile. As shown in the above table, the profile of the conic beam can vary, for example, the conic beam having an eccentricity of zero has a cylindrical conic profile as shown in  FIG. 40 b   . The cylindrical profile beam can be solid or can be hollow to reduce the weight of the cylindrical beam.  FIG. 41 a    is a perspective view of a non-straight cylindrical shaped beam prior to being displaced by the lateral and vertical adjustment controls and  FIG. 41 b    is a side view of the non-straight cylindrical beam. The non-straight cylindrical profile beam can be solid or can be hollow to reduce the weight of the cylindrical beam. 
       —Equation Driven Beam Profile: 
       [0154]    Alternative non-straight beams are shown in  FIGS. 42 a  and 42 b    (elliptical);  FIGS. 43 a  and 43 b    ((parabolic);  FIGS. 44 a  and 44 b    (hyperbolic);  FIGS. 45 a  and 45 b    (caternary);  FIGS. 46 a  and 47 a    (non-equation driven); and  FIGS. 46 a  and 46 b    (stepped). The different beams can be equation driven or non-equation driven. 
         [0155]    Ellipsed profile beams shown in  FIGS. 42 a  and 42 b    are the closed type of conic section: a plane curve that results from the intersection of a cone by a plane. The cross section of a cylinder is an ellipse if it is sufficiently far from parallel to the axis of the cylinder. Ellipses have many similarities with the other two forms of conic sections: the parabolas and the hyperbolas, both of which are open and unbounded. 
         [0156]    The beam with a parabolic profile shown in  43   a  and  43   b  is another example of an equation driven profile. In mathematics, parabolic cylindrical coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from projecting the two-dimensional parabolic coordinate system in the perpendicular z-direction. Hence, the coordinate surfaces are confocal parabolic cylinders. 
         [0157]    The hyperbolic profile beam shown in  FIGS. 44 a  and 44 b    is yet another example of an equation driven beam profile. In mathematics, hyperbolic functions are analogs of the ordinary trigonometric, or circular, functions. Hyperbolic functions occur in the solutions of some important linear differential equations, for example the equation defining a catenary, of some cubic equations, and of Laplace&#39;s equation in Cartesian coordinates. The catenary profile beam shown in  FIGS. 45 a  and 45 b    is another example of an equation-driven beam profile. 
       Non-Equation Driven Beam Profile 
       [0158]    The beam profile an also be non-equation-driven. For example, a non-equation driven, non-straight beam profile is shown in  FIGS. 46 a  and 46 b   . As shown, the non-straight beam can have one or more areas of expansion or contraction, or both, of the beam between the two ends. 
         [0159]    Another example of a non-equation driven, non-straight beam is shown in  FIGS. 47 a  and 47 b   . As shown, the beam can be configures with two or more different profile beams cascaded. The dashed lines are used to show alternate positions of parts, adjacent positions of related parts and repeated detail. The configuration shown is not intended to limit the example to a particular number of parts or placement of each different segment. 
         [0160]    As described above, the profile of the conical beam can be equation drive, or non-equation driven, or any combination thereof. Likewise, each of the different conical configurations can be solid or hollow. 
         [0161]    The conical element&#39;s spring constant and deflection shape (slope) vs. displacement distance by the adjustment elements in each axis can be tailored by the type of material (metal, plastic, composite), effective conical element length, cross section shape and conical element profile. The effective spring constant of the system can also be adjusted by the stiffness of the conical element&#39;s mounting surface geometry on the base and the mounting interface geometry on the payload housing. 
         [0162]    The conical element&#39;s coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) can be adjusted to match the effective CTE of the base and the structure the base is mounted to. Damping material can also be incorporated in the conical element design to dampen the movement and associated pointing error over time. 
         [0163]    The position of the outer end  48  of the cantilevered beam  40  can be adjustably positioned by both a lateral adjustment control  60  and vertical adjustment control  70 . The adjustment controls can be rotatable knobs, screws, and the like. 
         [0164]      FIG. 9  is an upper front right perspective view of a housing  100  using the laser system  1  of the previous figures mounted to a firearm, such as a rifle barrel  190 .  FIG. 10  is a lower front right perspective view of the firearm  190  mounted housing  100  and laser system  1  of  FIG. 9 .  FIG. 11  is a top view of the firearm  190  mounted housing  100  and laser system  1  of  FIG. 9 .  FIG. 12  is an exploded view of the firearm  190  mounted housing  100  and laser system  1  of  FIG. 9 . 
         [0165]    Referring to  FIGS. 1-12  the laser system  1  can be mounted to a firearm  190  such as to a rifle barrel  190 . The rear end  42  of the conical beam  40  can be mounted through the rear wall  20  with the laser housing  50  attached as a payload to the tip end  48  of the cantilevered beam  40 . A SAT (small arms transmitter) cover  33  can be placed over an upper opening of a box shaped housing where vertical adjustment control  70  can threadably attach and pass through an opening in the front top  32  of housing, and a lateral adjustment control  60  can threadably attach and pass through an opening in the front side  34  of the housing. Laser tube housing  52  with rear mounted diode  53  and front mounted lens  56  can pass through a front opening in the front wall  38  of the housing. An antenna cover  96  can be mounted to the cover  33 , and the laser diode  53  can be controlled by on/off switch  98  which can be powered by battery  80 . 
         [0166]    CCA is a Circuit Card Assembly, it contains the electronic components that runs the SAT, handles power management, has a processor that runs the software, signal conditions the output of the sensors, tells the laser diode to fire, contains an antenna for wireless communication. 
         [0167]    Components  92  and  94  are two of the three different sensors, (the shock signature, flash signature or acoustic signature) that are decoded to determine a valid event 
         [0168]    Diode  53  is a laser diode which is a semiconductor device that produces coherent radiation (in which the waves are all at the same frequency and phase) in the visible or infrared spectrum when current passes through it. The most common type of laser diode is formed from a p-n junction and powered by injected electric current. Due to diffraction, the beam diverges (expands) rapidly after leaving the chip, typically at 30 degrees vertically by 10 degrees laterally. A lens must be used in order to form a collimated beam like that produced by a laser pointer. If a circular beam is required, cylindrical lenses and other optics are used. For single spatial mode lasers, using symmetrical lenses, the collimated beam ends up being elliptical in shape, due to the difference in the vertical and lateral divergences Connector  87  provides for hooking up a cable to charge the battery and manually operate the SAT. The Switch  98  turns the SAT off and on and is used to set the different modes of operation. 
         [0169]    Screws that thread into the housing hold the cover  33  in place. Battery power supply  80  can pass through a threaded opening  25  in the rear wall  20  of the housing and be held in place by a screwable battery cap  85 . The housing can be mounted to the rifle barrel  190  by an upper clamp  110  under the housing base  10 , and a pivotable clamp  120  having a hinge attached end  123 , and a free-moving end that is held in place by a screw and washer  125  that fastens to the housing base  10 . 
         [0170]      FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a dual laser or laser and detector payload system  200 . The payload  50  of the previous figures can be substituted for another payload being a dual laser or laser and detector payload  220 . The other components of the previous figures can be incorporated herein, such as the components  10 ,  20 ,  30 ,  40 ,  60 ,  70 . 
         [0171]      FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a mirror payload embodiment system  250 . The payload  50  of the previous figures can be substituted for another payload being single mirror payload  270 . The other components of the previous figures can be incorporated herein, such as the components  10 ,  20 ,  30 ,  40 ,  60 ,  70 . 
       S Shaped Cantilevered Beam 
       [0172]      FIG. 15  is an upper front left perspective view of another single laser system  300  with an S shaped cantilevered beam  340  supporting the laser payload  50 .  FIG. 16  is an upper front right perspective view of the another single laser system  300  with an S shaped cantilevered beam  340  supporting the laser payload  50  of  FIG. 15 .  FIG. 17  is a top view of the laser system with S shaped cantilevered beam  340  of  FIG. 15 .  FIG. 18  is a front view of the laser system with S shaped cantilevered beam  340  of  FIG. 15 .  FIG. 19  is a right side view of the system with S shaped cantilevered beam  340  of  FIG. 15 .  FIG. 20  is a left side view of the laser system with S shaped cantilevered beam  340  of  FIG. 15 .  FIG. 21  is a rear view of the laser system with S shaped cantilevered beam  340  of  FIG. 15 .  FIG. 22  is an exploded view of the system with S shaped cantilevered beam  340  of  FIG. 15 . 
         [0173]    Referring to  FIGS. 15-22 , the S shaped cantilevered beam  340  can be solid or hollow, with on end  348  mounted to the rear wall  20  of the housing and a cantilevered front end  342  supporting a payload  50 , such as those previously described, wherein the lateral and vertical alignment can be adjustably controlled by rotatable knobs/screws  60 ,  70 , as previously described. 
       Center Deflecting Cantilevered Beam 
       [0174]      FIG. 23  is an upper front right perspective view of another single laser system  400  with a center deflecting beam  440  supporting the laser  450 .  FIG. 24  is an upper front left perspective view of the center deflecting beam  440  supporting the laser  450  of  FIG. 23 .  FIG. 25  is a top view of the center deflecting beam  440  supporting the laser  450  of  FIG. 23 .  FIG. 26  is a front view of the center deflecting beam  440  supporting the laser  450  of  FIG. 23 .  FIG. 27  is a left side view of the center deflecting beam  440  supporting the laser  450  of  FIG. 23 .  FIG. 28  is a right side view of the center deflecting beam  440  supporting the laser  450  of  FIG. 23 .  FIG. 29  is a rear view of the center deflecting beam  440  supporting the laser  450  of  FIG. 23 .  FIG. 30  is a cross-sectional view of the center deflecting beam  440  supporting the laser along arrow  30 X of  FIG. 25  with the beam  440  in a non-deflected state and boresight pointed down 
         [0175]    Referring to  FIGS. 23-30 , the single laser system  400  with center deflecting beam  400  can include similar components to the previous embodiments. Here, the center deflecting beam  440  can have free ends that are not directly mounted to the rear wall  420  or to the front wall  430 . The beam  440  can have a middle portion  445 , and a rear conical portion  442  with the wide part of the conical portion adjacent to the middle portion  445 . The opposite side of the middle beam portion  445  can have a front conical portion  448  with the wide part of the conical portion adjacent to the middle portion  445 . 
         [0176]    A rear mount support  460  attached to the narrow rear end of the conical portion  442  is freely supported within an opening  425  opening in rear wall  420  with the opening  425  having curved interior surface portion(s). The geometry of  460  prevents  440  from rotating about its axis. The front payload support  450  can be attached to the narrow end of the front conical portion  448  can be freely supported within and opening  435  in the front wall  430  of the housing, wherein the opening  435  can also have curved interior surface portion(s). The focus point of the payload can be located at the center of the spherical  450  geometry and there is not linear translation during alignment, only angular movement. A C shaped portion  470  of the housing can be located adjacent to the middle portion  445  of the beam  440 , wherein the lateral adjustment control  460  and vertical adjustment control  470  can each cause the beam  440  to deflect laterally and vertically when needed. The laser support module housing  450  can have at least a lower spherical surface that can slide within the curved interior surface of the opening  435  of the front wall. 
         [0177]      FIG. 31  is another cross-sectional view of the center deflecting beam  440  supporting the laser module housing  450  of  FIG. 30  with the beam  440  deflected down by the vertical adjustment control  70  with the boresight pointed straight ahead.  FIG. 32  is another cross-sectional view of the center deflecting beam  440  supporting the laser module housing  450  of  FIG. 30  with the beam  440  deflected down and boresight pointed partially down.  FIG. 33  is another cross-sectional view of the center deflecting beam  440  supporting the laser module housing  450  of  FIG. 30  with the beam  440  deflected fully down and boresight pointed up. 
       Housing Bias Angle and Preload 
       [0178]    The bias angle can be driven by two design requirements. The first is the vertical and lateral adjustment range from the mechanical boresight when the payload&#39;s centerline(s) are parallel to the base centerline. The second is the lateral and vertical preload forces produced by the conical element acting on the housing over the full adjustment range are greater than the lateral and vertical forces produced by the acceleration level in each axis multiplied times the mass of the housing and the effective mass of the conical element. 
         [0179]    The plus and minus adjustment range in each axis from mechanical boresight needs to take into accord any manufacturing tolerances in the SAT assembly, the angular mechanical offsets in the weapon and the angular error associated with the shooter&#39;s sight picture. 
         [0180]    The maximum bias angle in each axis is greater than the deflection angle required by the conical element at minimum deflection of the housing from the free state that produces a force greater than the unloading force plus two times the plus/minus adjustment range from the mechanical boresight. 
         [0181]      FIG. 34  shows an example of the relationship between the preload forces over adjustment angle vs. the peak forces due to the acceleration, actual values will vary from system to system. 
         [0182]      FIG. 35  shows the milliradian (mrad) pointing error in one axis for a system that unloads during a shock event. The housing holding the laser moves away from the hard adjustment elements toward the spring and then unloads and starts bouncing and the error increases to unacceptable levels during the time period of interest, i.e when the laser needs to be fired. 
         [0183]      FIG. 36  shows the mrad pointing error in one axis for the same system that does not unload during the same shock event, the preload has been increased above the G force level. The housing does not move away from the hard adjustment element and the pointing error is defined by the slope of the conical element at the attachment point to the housing. The slope is governed by the conical element bending between the fixed end at the base and the simply supported end at the housing due to the acceleration load. 
         [0184]    The angular pointing error vs. time shown in  FIG. 36  is when the adjustment element is located 45% of the housing length from the front of the housing. The pointing error can be reduced or minimized by moving the adjustment element location to 80% from the front of the housing, see  FIG. 37 . When the Center of Gravity (CG) of the housing is in front of the adjustment point, the force from the housing mass multiplied times the acceleration level produces a bending moment and deflection in the cantilever element opposite the bending moment and deflection in the cantilever element produced by the same acceleration level acting only on the cantilever element. 
         [0185]      FIG. 38  is a perspective view of a cam version  500  of the invention.  FIG. 39  is another perspective view  500  of the cam version of  FIG. 38 . The operator rotates the external knobs which rotate the cams  510 ,  520  pushes against the payload, which moves the payload along the vertical and horizontal axis. 
         [0186]    While the payload  50  has been described as a laser module, other types of payloads can be used, such as but not limited to a passive receiving elements such as television or electromagnetic spectrum detectors, reflective elements such as optical or electromagnetic spectrum reflectors, active elements such as electromagnetic spectrum transmitters, optical elements that can include refractive or diffractive or reflective optical elements, and indicator or probe components for measuring. 
         [0187]    Although rotating knobs and screws can be used other types of vertical and lateral adjustment controls, can be used such other types of threaded elements, cams or levers, or wedges The adjustments could be manual or servo or remotely controlled. The activation could be by electrical, magnetic, thermal, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators. The linear adjustment for each axis(s) can increase or decrease the angular displace relative to the linear adjustment elements. The linear adjustment elements could be actuators, such as solenoids. The threaded elements can employ different thread pitches or differential threaded components to increase or decrease the angular displacement relative to the linear displacement. Bimetallic materials can be used in the adjustment mechanisms. The contact surface between the adjustment element and the housing is curved to minimize the friction and to minimize the pointing errors as the housing moves and rotates relative to the adjustment element. 
         [0188]    Different kinematic interfaces can be used at the mating points to reduce errors as required by the system requirements. Typical types of kinematic interfaces include but not limited to; Kelvin clamp, trihedral cup, gothic arch, v-blocks, conical cup, split kinematics to minimize Abbe offset issues, canoe sphere and v-block, flat prismatic components, rose bud couplings and knife edge. 
         [0189]    While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and shown in various terms of certain embodiments or modifications which it has presumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.