Abstract:
A method for delivering applications over a network in which the business logic of the application is running on the backend server, while the user interface of the application is rendered on a client-device who is connected to the backend server via a network. The Graphics User Interface API and event processing API of the application is implemented to be network-aware instead of being local machine centric as traditional GUI APIs: The method includes the following. Running an application on the backend server. The application in turn invokes GUI API to present its user interface, whereby the network-aware GUI API is invoked. Next, translating the application&#39;s presentation layer information into a pre-determined format based messages which describe the Graphical User Interface, event processing registries and other related information. Such information describes the presentation layer of the application in a high level, object level, which minimizes network traffic. Next, sending such messages to the client device via a network and then processing the messages and rendering the user interface by a client-side program, which delivers the best possible user experience for that device according to the capability of the specific client device. Next, transmitting necessary user input and client-side events back to the server by the client-side program via a predetermined protocol followed by processing the user input and client-side events on the backend server, translating such events and inputs as if they were locally generated, and sending such translated events and inputs to the application for processing. Next, encoding and routing the output of the application to the client device using the predetermined messaging format and finally further processing the output by the client-side program to refresh the Graphical User Interface thereat.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Serial No. 60/256,594 filed on Dec. 19, 2000 and entitled METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR DELIVERING RICH JAVA APPLICATIONS OVER THIN-WIRE CONNECTIONS WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITY which is commonly assigned and the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    This invention relates to computing architecture, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for running applications business logic on a backend server, with the presentation layer of the application handled on the client device, and communications between the presentation layer and business logic layer via messages based on formats such as XML.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    The rapid growth of the web, including the Internet and the wireless web, brings tremendous challenges as well as opportunities. Though web-centric computing seems to be the inevitable future, there are great challenges not yet answered which include:  
           [0004]    The capability to support compelling applications within unpredictable network environments.  
           [0005]    The overwhelming complexities of web application development and deployment.  
           [0006]    The rapid growth and divergence of client environments including web browsers, PDAs, Handheld computers, and so on.  
           [0007]    Accordingly, there is a need for an enabling platform that, for the first time, enables developers to write programs for one platform and deploy them anywhere, i.e., to any device in any environment, while empowering these programs with unmatched richness and performance even over thin network connection.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    In general, in one aspect, the invention features a method for delivering one or more applications over a network in which the business logic of the application is running on the backend server, and the user interface of the application is rendered on a client-device who is connected to the backend server via a network. The Graphics User Interface API and event processing API of the application are implemented to be network-aware instead of being local machine centric as traditional GUI APIs. The method includes the following steps. Running an application on the backend server. The application in turn invokes GUT API to present its user interface, however, the network-aware GUI API is invoked. Next, the network aware GUI API translates the application&#39;s presentation layer information into a pre-determined format based messages which describes the Graphical User Interface, event processing registries and other related information. Such information describes the presentation layer of the application in a high level, object level, which minimizes network traffic. Next sending such messages to the client device via a network. Next, processing the messages and rendering the user interface by a client-side program, which delivers the best possible user experience for that device according to the capability of the specific client device. Next, transmitting necessary user input and client-side events back to the server by the client-side program via a predetermined protocol. Next, processing the user input and client-side events on the backend server, translating such events and inputs as if they were locally generated, and sending such translated events and inputs to the application for processing. Next, encoding and routing the output of the application to the client device using the predetermined messaging format. Finally, further processing the output by the client-side program to refresh the Graphical User Interface thereat.  
           [0009]    Implementations of this aspect of the invention may include one or more of the following features. The Graphics User Interface API and event processing API may be Java Foundation Classes (including Swing, AWT and so on). The client-side program may be a computer program based on Operating System&#39;s API, such as Windows API, X Windows API and so on. The client-side program may be a wireless device program written using the device&#39;s Operating System&#39;s API, such as Palm API and Windows CE API. The client-side program may be a Java program written using Java API. The JAVA API may be AWT, Personal Java, Java 2 Micro Edition based GUI API or Java Swing. The predetermined protocol may be HTTP, HTTPS, WAP or a proprietary protocol. The predetermined messaging format may be based on XML or a proprietary format. The network may be the Internet, a wireless network, or a local area network. The local area network may be a bandwidth-limited slow speed network. The client device is selected from a group including workstations, desktops, laptops, PDAs, wireless devices and other edge devices. The server and the client device may be combined into one entity.  
           [0010]    In general, in another aspect, the invention features a server-side API based programming model for network programming, which frees or greatly simplifies the complexity of network programming by freeing developers from client-side issues. The presentation layer of the application is written using this server-side API. The business logic layer and data layer of the application is written using other appropriate server-side technologies. The supporting infrastructure of this server-side API sends the application&#39; user interface information to the client-side device for presentation, handles communications problems, renders the application&#39;s user interface and dispatches necessary user input events back to the server for processing.  
           [0011]    In general, in yet another aspect, the invention features a method and a system for delivering existing Java applications over the network without modification of the application&#39;s code and without downloading the application to the client side. The system re-implements standard Java GUI APIs such as AWT and Swing into a network-aware implementation without changing the APIs, enabling existing Java applications to run on this network-aware GUI API without modifications. The Java application runs completely on the server-side. The network-aware API translates and delivers the application&#39;s presentation information into short messages based on formats such as XML via a certain communication protocol. The system&#39;s client-side program that understands these messages interprets and renders the user interface of the Java applications, essentially produces the look and feel of the application as if the entire application is running on the client device. The client program further interacts with the user, dynamically updates the user interface and sends necessary user inputs back to server for processing. The system&#39;s server program receives such user inputs, translates them into Java compatible user inputs, such as Java events, and further routes such user inputs to the Java application for processing. The output of the Java application&#39;s processing is sent to the system&#39;s client program, which updates the user interface of the application.  
           [0012]    In general, in yet another aspect, the invention features a method and a system for delivering the same application over some network to multiple devices, maximizing the user experience of each device by best leveraging the specific capability of each device, without rewriting the application specifically for each device. The system runs the application on the server side. The system&#39;s server-side program translates and delivers the presentation information of the application into messages based on selected format such as XML. Such messages contain high level description of the application&#39;s user interface. Such high level, instead of pixel level or graphics primitive level description, gives sufficient flexibility in interpretation without losing the gist of the information. Specific client-side programs are built for each specific client device leveraging the special features of each device. This client-side program interprets these messages and renders the user interface of the applications in a way that is best optimized for the client device, delivering the best user experience possible on that specific client device. The client-side program accepts user inputs, update the user interface, and sends necessary user inputs back to the server. The system&#39;s server program receives such user inputs, translates them into application compatible user inputs, and further routes such user inputs to the application for processing. The output of the application&#39;s processing is sent to the system&#39;s client program, which updates the user interface of the application accordingly.  
           [0013]    Among the advantages of this invention may be one or more of the following. No code modification is required for existing Java applications. High performance computing over low bandwidth or long latency network connections. Compatible with existing Java application server environments. “Develop Once, Deploy Anywhere”: the same Java application can run over many different kind of client devices from PC to PDA to Handheld computers, without re coding. Java applications running on this system will be extremely scalable. A single server can handle thousands of users.  
           [0014]    The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and description below. Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments, the drawings and from the claims. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0015]    Referring to the figures, wherein like numerals represent like parts throughout the several views:  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1 is an overview diagram of the Nexel Platform architecture;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the Nexel Server;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the Nexel Server interfacing with a Servlet Engine via the Nexel Servlet;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the Nexel Server interacting with a standard Java application;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the Nexel Swing components;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the Nexel Layout manager;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 7 is an overview diagram of an enterprise-scale deployment of the Nexel Platform;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 8 is an overview diagram of the Nexel Client Kernel architecture;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the Client component hierarchy.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the Nexel classes including core classes (package com.nexaweb.core), package com.nexaweb.net, the layout manager and additional classes;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the package com.nexaweb.plaf.ce;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the package com.nexaweb.plaf.pc; and  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 13- FIG. 20 depict an example an implementation of the Nexel Core Classes. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0029]    Nexel Server (or, Nexel Presentation Server) is the core of the Nexel Platform. The functionalities of Nexel Server for Java are:  
         [0030]    To manage and execute Java applications on the server;  
         [0031]    To adapt the User Interface (UI) of these Java applications according to the capability of the client environment, such as screen size and client computing power.  
         [0032]    To deliver the User Interface (UI) of these Java applications to the client computer over network;  
         [0033]    To dispatch user events from the client device to corresponding applications.  
         [0034]    The engineering goals of Nexel Server for Java are:  
         [0035]    Compatibility with existing applications: Nexel Server is compatible with existing Java applications and is able to run existing Java applications without code modification;  
         [0036]    Zero learning curve: the Nexel Platform does not change how developers write programs and does not require developers to learn anything new. Existing Enterprise Java Bean (EJB) components, application server environments, database and so on can be used without change.  
         [0037]    Extreme scalability: each Nexel Server is able to run several thousands of Java applications concurrently.  
         [0038]    High performance: The Nexel Platform can deliver native-like performance over any network connection.  
         [0039]    Compatibility with Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) Application Server environments: Nexel Server is able to run together with J2EE Application Servers in a plug&amp;play fashion. See white paper “The New Economy Enterprise Computing Architecture” for how Nexel Server and J2EE Application Server are complementary to each other in the new economy enterprise computing.  
         [0040]    To achieve these goals, Nexel Server design takes the following approaches:  
         [0041]    A thread-based computing model (or, a service model). Each event handler in an application is invoked as a separate thread that dies after the event handling is finished. This is exactly the model that Java Servlet is using. Java Servlet has been used in major web sites for handling millions of hits a day. It is a proven scalable solution;  
         [0042]    Some of the state information is maintained on the client side. This releases server from maintaining all the information in memory;  
         [0043]    Multiple Java Virtual Machines (JVM) are utilized for large scale computing. These JVMs can be on different machines. As a result, they form a server farm that can scale to any requirement.  
         [0044]    Nexel Server Kernel conforms to the Java Servlet API Specification. It can run within a web container from any J2EE application server.  
         [0045]    1. Nexel Platform Architecture  
         [0046]    Nexel brings an innovative approach to application delivery. Applications are developed using Java and standard J2EE platform. Once these applications are deployed with the Nexel Delivery Server, they can be used anywhere on the web. The Nexel Delivery Server will present application UI on the client machine. The general architecture of the Nexel Platform  100  is shown in FIG. 1. Nexel consists of two parts. The server side part  120 , that includes a “Delivery Server”  122 . Its main responsibility is to interact with the application and extract its UI and communicate with a client part. The client side part  110 , that includes a “Client Kernel”  114 . Its main responsibility is to recreate an application UI  112  based on instructions from the server. Both these parts are described in detail in the following sections.  
         [0047]    The Nexel server  122  works with any web server  124  that supports a servlet interface. It runs on top of the J2EE platform  126 , which can be run on the Linux  128 , Windows NT  127 , Unix  129 , Solaris, and HP-UX operating systems, among others. On the client side  110 , players may be included for playing these applications. These players may be implemented on the Windows platform  102  with Internet Explorer  104  and Netscape  106  browsers. Also a proprietary player may be included in a Windows CE platform  103 .  
         [0048]    In addition to the delivery platform, we also offer the following tools:  
                                                       Development Tools   Layout Manager           Deployment Tools           Migration Tools   Code Analyzer                      
 
         [0049]    Each of these deliverables is described in detail in following sections. To understand the function of all these parts it is important to understand how applications are developed and deployed.  
         [0050]    2. Application Development and Deployment Process  
         [0051]    Nexel utilizes the existing process of developing applications for J2EE platform  126 . In a three-tier architecture of an application  118  that includes data  115 , business logic  116  and a UI  117 , the data tier and business logic tier development process remain unchanged. You can use any database or file system as data tier and you can develop the business logic using Enterprise Java Beans or any other Java technology or technology which can be called from Java. The UI layer has to be developed using Java Foundation Classes (JFC) and Java. Many existing applications that use JFC for their UIs can be run in the Nexel environment without any modification. We also produce migration tools for identifying problems in running existing code in the Nexel environment. The typical process for developing and deploying includes the following steps:  
         [0052]    a. Develop the data layer using enterprise databases and file systems.  
         [0053]    b. Develop business logic using enterprise java beans or using any other technology that can be called using Java.  
         [0054]    c. Develop the application UI using Nexel&#39;s JFC. You can use Layout Manager to layout your screens at this point. Decide which events to process and connect the Graphical User Interface (GUI) to business logic. At this point you can use Nexel&#39;s validation objects to process events on the client side.  
         [0055]    d. Install the Nexel application on the server using the Install Tool. You can customize the application UI for different client platforms using the Layout Manager. You can save these customizations into different files.  
         [0056]    3. Application Launching and Communication.  
         [0057]    It is also important to understand how applications are launched in Nexel environment. Referring to FIG. 2, communication between Delivery Server  122  and Client Kernel  114  go through the Web server  124  using standard HTTP/HTTPS protocol  133 . A socket-based communication  135  may also be implemented for synchronous connection with the server. An application developer is able to choose the approach at development time. The sequence of events that occurs when a user wants to launch an application are:  
         [0058]    1. User opens up the browser  
         [0059]    2. User types in URL for the login HTML page. This page includes two items  
         [0060]    a. User Name  
         [0061]    b. Password for the user.  
         [0062]    Once the user enters the data, the form is submitted to the server. The server checks the user name and password and sends a page with available applications.  
         [0063]    3. Each application has link setting with two query strings  
         [0064]    a. Application Name  
         [0065]    b. User Name  
         [0066]    The URL for each application will look like this http://websitename/UIServerServlet?Application=ApplicationName&amp;User=U serName.  
         [0067]    Web servers that utilize servlet-programming models are supported. UI ServerServlet may be installed on the web server and will provide functionality to pass the message from client to UI Server. Once the user clicks on an application URL it is passed on to the server.  
         [0068]    4. Once the Nexel server receives commands to launch an application it will go through the following steps  
         [0069]    a. It will instantiate the application.  
         [0070]    b. Nexel server will also detect the type of client, which is invoking of the application and pass on to the application.  
         [0071]    c. A unique instance id will be assigned to application instance and pass on to the application.  
         [0072]    d. The application will run and it will talk to Nexel JFC API and create its UI. Nexel API will create a UI record format depending on the client type. At the end a record will be generated describing UI of the application.  
         [0073]    e. Nexel server encrypts the record if secure communication is used.  
         [0074]    f. Nexel server will respond to the user with the UI record.  
         [0075]    5. Once the Client Kernel receives the UI record it will go through the following steps  
         [0076]    a. The client communication manager will read the UI record. It will decrypt the record if necessary.  
         [0077]    b. The client will read and parse the UI record.  
         [0078]    c. The client will convert the record into various UI commands and create the necessary components. Fill them with the data provided and setup event-monitoring mechanism.  
         [0079]    d. The application is now displayed on the client screen  
         [0080]    6. The Client Kernel will then monitor for all the events. When an event occurs it will find out whether it has to take any action. The action could be in two forms.  
         [0081]    a. Run the specified code on client side itself for that event. The code is specified using validation controls.  
         [0082]    b. Notify the server of the event.  
         [0083]    The Client Kernel will take necessary action depending on the Application. If the event has to be notified to the server then the event processing happens on the server side. The server goes through the following steps once it receives the notification.  
         [0084]    a. The server executes the method in the application, which is monitoring the events.  
         [0085]    b. The server will monitor all the UI changes and converts them in UI record format.  
         [0086]    c. It responds to the Client Kernel with that.  
         [0087]    The client Kernel then goes through the process of updating UI. See steps 5.a through 5.d for details.  
         [0088]    7. When user quits the application Client Kernel shuts down and notifies the server.  
         [0089]    8. When the server receives a message to quit it shuts down the application instance.  
         [0090]    When Synchronous communication is a requirement, the UI server includes a port number to which the client needs to establish the connection. Before creating any UI it connects to this port. Once the socket connection is established it is used for communicating later.  
         [0091]    4. Nexel Delivery Server.  
         [0092]    4.1 Platforms.  
         [0093]    Nexel Server is implemented using Java technology. It supports all the major web servers on major platforms, including Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) on Windows, Apache Web Server on Windows, Solaris, HP-UX, AIX, and Linux, Java Web Server on Windows, Solaris, AIX, and Linux, and Netscape Enterprise Server on Solaris, Windows, Linux, HP-UX, and AIX.  
         [0094]    4.2 Nexel Server Architecture  
         [0095]    Nexel Server  122  includes five sub systems  132 ,  134 ,  136 ,  138 , and  140 , shown in FIG. 2. Their core functionalities are shown in the following table 1. Note that two sub systems, Web Server Adapter  132  and Java Servlet Engine  134 , are standard and available freely. Open source code, such as Tomcat/Jakarta project from Apache Software Foundation, may also be used. A simplified Java Servlet Engine, a simple Java Web Server, and adapters from IIS, Apache, Netscape Web Server, are included as part of our product.  
                       TABLE 1                       Name   Functionality   Note                   Web Server   Communicates with the Java   We can also use       Adapter   Servlet Engine, such as routing   Java Web Server       (132)   requests to and responses from   from the Tomcat           the Servlet Engine.   Project.       Java Servlet   Provides a standard interface for   The Servlet       Engine   Nexel Server Kernel to interface   Engine can be any       (134)   with web servers. This standard   Servlet Engine,           interface is Java Servlet API.   such as Jrun and           Provides thread management   WebLogic.           capability. Including: 1).   We can also use           Maintaining a thread pool; 2).   Tomcat/JWSDK.           Assigning or creating a thread to           each request, and invokes the           “service” method in Nexel           Server Servlet from this thread.       Nexel Server   Instantiates other Nexel   Written entirely in       Kernel   components such as   Java.       (136)   AppManager,           ConnectionManager,           EventManager and so on. Keeps           these components within           memory all the time;           Launches applications;           If necessary, launches another           Nexel Server.           Event (comes from Servlet           requests) dispatching.           Generates and sends application           user interface description into           Servlet responses.           If necessary, re-do application           user interface layout according           the client display characteristics.       Nexel Network   Accepts and creates synchronous   Written entirely in       Engine   socket connections to clients   Java.       (138)   directly, by passing the Servlet   Open source code           Engine and Web Server;   from Tomcat           Thread management: Maintain a   project can also           separate thread pool. Whenever   be used.           a new request is received,           creates a ServletRequest and a           ServletResponse object, calls the           Servlet “service” method within           a separate thread; returns this           thread back to thread pool after           the “service” method returns;           Communicates with other Nexel           Server instances within other           Java Virtual Machines through           socket connections. The goal of           such communication is to route           requests/responses to different           JVMs such that one JVM won&#39;t           be overloaded.       Monitoring and   The Monitoring and       Administration   Administration Service is       Service   responsible for keeping track of       (140)   information about an           Application Instance. Following           information needs to be tracked.           a. Application Name.           b. Application Instance           Identifier.           c. User accessing the           application.           d. Client machine           information.           I. Machine IP           II. Device Type.           III. Connection Speed.           e. Application start time.           f. Application last access           time.           g. Memory usage.           h. Active Screen Name                  
 
         [0096]    Nexel Server Kernel  136  is composed of three major parts:  
         [0097]    4.2.1 Nexel Core Classes  
         [0098]    Nexel(com.nexaweb. server.Nexel),  
         [0099]    AppManager,EventManager,JVMManager,UIManager,  
         [0100]    ConnectionManager,PerformanceManager.  
         [0101]    Class com.nexaweb.server.Nexel  202 : This class is the main class. This class extends javax.servlet.GenericServlet. As a result, it should run with any Java Servlet Engine. FIG. 3 gives an overview of the functionalities of this class.  
         [0102]    Class com.nexaweb.server.AppManager: This class manages all the applications within this Java Virtual Machine. Each application is represented as an instance of Class com.nexaweb.server.Application. AppManager maintains a table of applications that can be searched by application ID. It also provides methods for getting the current application.  
         [0103]    Class com.nexaweb.server.Application: This class maintains the persistent data between different threads within one application. It maintains the application ID, a Hashtable of components(Objects) that each component can be located by a unique component ID, a Hashtable of event listeners that each listener can be located by a component ID and an event ID. EventManager and other objects will use these IDs to get access to their interested objects. The Application class should also maintain an event queue for processing events coming from different threads. See 4.3 Thread-based computing for further information.  
         [0104]    Class com.nexaweb.server.EventManager: this class maintains a map between event ID and the actual event type. It also does the actual event dispatching: for a ServletRequest, it retrieves appid (application ID). Then it finds the application instance from AppManager by using the appid. It also retrieves the event ID and component ID from the ServletRequest. As last, it constructs corresponding Java Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) or Swing events and sends the event to the Application object for processing.  
         [0105]    Until the Application object finished the event processing, EventManager should make the current thread idle instead of returning to its caller. After the Application object finished processing this event, the current thread will be destroyed (or recycled).  
         [0106]    Class com.nexaweb.server.JVMManager: this class maintains a Hashtable of running Java Virtual Machines (each of which has Nexel Server running). The key to the Hashtable is the IP address of the host where the JVM is running and the main port number that the Nexel Network Engine is assigned to listen to during its startup. During event processing, Nexel servlet first check whether this event is for the current JVM. Otherwise it will simply routes the ServletRequest to the corresponding JVM. This class provides methods for setting/getting JVM id and methods for routing requests to different JVMs.  
         [0107]    Class com.nexaweb.server.ConnectionManager: This class maintains a Hashtable of ServletResponse instances. Each instances corresponds to a socket communication channel. Each instance can be uniquely located by the name of the thread that this instance belongs to. This class is necessary because the ServletResponse instance cannot be passed to event handlers and UI Objects directly. Event handlers and UI Objects should use this class to find the socket to send information to clients.  
         [0108]    Class com.nexaweb.server.UIManager: This class is a replacement of javax.swing.UIManager. It loads a UI class corresponding to the client platform for painting.  
         [0109]    Class com.nexaweb.server.PerformanceManager: This class provides methods for gauging the performance level of the current JVM. Methods in the class will be used for developing monitoring applications and making load balancing decisions. For example, if the performance level of the current JVM is below a certain threshold, the Nexel servlet may simply creates a new JVM for handling additional user applications.  
         [0110]    One implementation of the above classes is shown in Tables 46-48.  
         [0111]    [0111] 4 . 2 . 2  Nexel Java Foundation Classes  
         [0112]    Java Foundation Class, or JFC, is a loose collection of standard Java APIs for client-side graphics; graphical user interfaces (GUIs), and related programming tasks. They are the foundation classes in the sense that most client-side Java applications are built upon these APIs. More in detail, JFC includes the following parts:  
         [0113]    1. AWT. The Abstract Window Toolkit initially introduced. AWT is the foundation of Swing.  
         [0114]    2. Swing. Swing is an advanced GUI toolkit written in pure Java.  
         [0115]    3. Java 2D: this is a collection of classes offer two-dimensional graphics.  
         [0116]    4. Printing. Both AWT and Swing offer support for printing text and graphics.  
         [0117]    5. Data transfer, this includes cut &amp;paste and drag drop.  
         [0118]    Nexel is an enterprise application presentation platform that delivers an application user interface to any device over any network connection, without modifying existing Java applications. Java applications typically build their UI on top of Java Foundation Class. Nexel modifies the behavior of JFC by replacing part of the implementation with its own implementation. This modified JFC is called “Nexel Java Foundation Class” 160 , shown in FIG. 4. Instead of painting UI on local computer screen, Nexel Java Foundation Class directly sends UI commands and directives  162  to the client device  112  over a network connection  130 . However, Nexel Foundation Class keeps exact the same interface as Java Foundation Class. Namely, for any method in any class, they have the same signature. The only difference is the implementation of these methods. As a result, existing Java applications built using JFC can run as it is without modification. Developers can develop applications to run on top of Nexel without the need of learning anything new.  
         [0119]    In the initial implementation, Nexel aims to support Swing and/or Java 2D based Java applications, but not AWT-based GUI applications. Nexel also plans to support printing and data transfer.  
         [0120]    4.2.3 Technical Approach to implement NJFC  
         [0121]    JFC is implemented by following a Model-View-Controller architecture. Each JFC component has a Model, a view and a controller. For example, for the JButton component, its model is AbstractButtonModel, its controller is JButton and its view is JbuttonUI (depends on the look &amp; Feel). Sometimes the controller is combined with the model into one class.  
         [0122]    To successfully replace JFC, for each component, we need to re-implement:  
         [0123]    1. The component itself (the controller). For example, JButton needs to be re-implemented to achieve three things: a) all event listeners will be added to the Application instance instead of storing within the JButton class itself. Nexel Client Kernel will only send message to Nexel Server if and only if there is an event listener registered for a particular kind of event. So when an event listener is added, a directive indicating that Nexel Server is interested in such event should be sent to the client. 2). Actions for updating/painting the JButton should be sent to UIManager and further sent to the client device; c). When this JButton is created, assign it a unique component ID and store it in the Application Instance.  
         [0124]    2. It&#39;s UI Class (Viewer). For each client platform, a view class needs to be implemented. This view class will be loaded if the client platform matches. This dynamic loading is achieved by UIManager. UIManager needs to check the client platform and loads the view class for that client platform. For example, for JButton, we need to implement WinJButtonUI, MacJButtonUI,XwinJButtonUI, and WinCEJButtonUI.  
         [0125]    The functionalities of this UI class are: a). to generate and send UI description of this component to Nexel Client Kernel via the ServletResponse object. The UI description is platform-dependent. It is a protocol that needs to be agreed between the Client Kernel and the UI class on the server side. b). to update UI on the client machine according server-side instructions. The update is accomplished by generating and sending a message describing what and how to update the component UI. For painting, whether the target output is the client machine display device or a remote printer needs to be taken into design consideration.  
         [0126]    For more information, see Design Specification “Nexel Client Kernel”.  
         [0127]    3. The existing JFC Model classes are used in Nexel Java Foundation Class without modification.  
         [0128]    A list of Swing components  300  that we need to replace is shown in FIG. 5.  
                                                 TABLE 2                           New Components                Component   Description                       JRadioList   List Box with Radio buttons for each item           JCheckList   List Box with Check buttons for each item           JDate   Date editing Control           JCalendar   Calendar Control           JStatusBar   Status Bar Control           JValidation   Runs validation on control values on the client side            New Dialogs                JPrintDialog   Printer selection dialog                      
 
         [0129]    4.2.4 Nexel Layout Manager  
         [0130]    [0130]FIG. 6 shows a list of layout managers  400  that need to be replaced. Nexel Layout Managers should be adaptive to client display characteristics.  
         [0131]    A deployment tool/design tool for laying out GUI components for different client devices is also provided. See “6 Nexel Client Display Engine” for more information.  
         [0132]    4.2.5 Nexel Network Engine  
         [0133]    Nexel Network Engine is packaged into one package com.nexaweb.server.net. This package is responsible for direct synchronous communication with clients and other Java Virtual Machines that Nexel is running.  
         [0134]    Class com.nexaweb.server.net.NetEngine:  
         [0135]    This is one of the two entrances of the Nexel Server (The other one is via a Java Servlet Engine). This class creates instances of NexelServerSocket, each of which listens to a pre-determined port. It instantiates com.nexaweb.server.Nexel if it has not been instantiated; within a single JVM, only one instance of Main is allowed. If this JVM is started by another Nexel from a different JVM, this class&#39;s main method will be called with arguments that gives the IP address and port number corresponding to the calling JVM. Upon this JVM is started, a message should be sent to the calling JVM notifying “ready” status.  
         [0136]    Class com.nexaweb.server.net.NexelServerSocket:  
         [0137]    This class extends java.net.ServerSocket. The instance of this class listens to a specific port. Whenever it accepts a connection, it creates a new thread and lets the new thread (an instance of SocketHanlder) handles that connection. Then it returns immediately to listening to that port.  
         [0138]    Class com.nexaweb.server.net.SocketHandler:  
         [0139]    This class extends java.lang.Thread. The instance of this class reads/writes to a socket connection. When reading, it formats the information into an instance of NexelServletRequest and wraps this socket connection into an instance of NexelServletResponse. Passes both objects to the “service( )” method in com.nexaweb.server.Nexel Servlet.  
         [0140]    Class com.nexaweb.server.net.NexelServletRequest:  
         [0141]    This class extends javax.servlet.ServletRequest. It basically wraps information coming from a socket connection into a ServletRequest Object so that they can be accessed using Java Servlet API.  
         [0142]    Class com.nexaweb.server.net.NexelServletResponse:  
         [0143]    This class extends javax.servlet.ServletResponse. It basically wraps a socket connection into a ServletResponse Object so that they can be accessed using Java Servlet API.  
         [0144]    4.2.6 Additional Classes  
         [0145]    The following classes will also be replaced:  
         [0146]    1. Graphics 2D:  
         [0147]    AWT provides basic graphics functionalities through instances of java.awt.Graphics. JFC further extends this by extending java.awt.Graphics into java.awt.Graphics2D. These two interfaces are responsible for all the drawing actions. We need to provide Nexel implementation of java.awt.Graphics and java.awt.Graphics2D interfaces. Whenever method getGraphics( ) is called( This method is from java.awt.Component, java.awt.Image, java.awt.PrintJob and javax.swing.Jcomponent), we should return an instance of Nexel implementation of java.awt.Graphics2D. This instance should route all the drawing activities to Nexel Client Kernel. Both AWT and Graphics2D provide additional classes such as java.awt.Rectangle and the entire java.awt.geom package for manipulating 2D graphics objects (such as affine transformation, setting/getting attributes and so on). These classes do not need to be modified.  
         [0148]    2. Printing  
         [0149]    AWT providing printing capability by java.awt.PrinterJob. JFC provides printing capability by offering a new package “java.awt.print”. We plan to enable JFC-based printing. As a result, java.awt.print.PrinterJob needs to be re-implemented: a). Its static method “getPrinterJob( )” needs to be re-written so that a PrinterJob that represents the client machine printer is returned; b). Methods pageDialog( ) and printDialog( ) should open dialogs on client machine; c). Method print( ) should create an instance of java.awt.Graphics2D according to the characteristics of the client machine printer, and pass this instance as an argument for calling “print( )” method in the pageable or printable object. Every drawing action happening to the Graphics object should be routed to the client machine for printing.  
         [0150]    3. Data Transfer  
         [0151]    Data transfer refers to the ability of an application to transfer selected data I a variety of ways such as Cut&amp;Paste and Drag&amp;Drop. Nexel Platform plans to support both. We plan to support data transfer among different applications on the same client machine. These applications include Nexel-based applications and other native applications. This feature will be enabled by default and its implementation is dependent on the native system. Java provides two package called “java.awt.datatransfer” and “java.awt.dnd”. We need to selectively implement classes in these packages to enable data transfer on remote client machine. Details need to be further studies.  
         [0152]    4. Accessibility  
         [0153]    This needs to be further studied. In the short term, we delegate accessibility to the native operating system on the client machine.  
         [0154]    5. java.awt.Toolkit.  
         [0155]    This class needs to be re-implemented based on Nexel&#39;s distributed presentation model.  
         [0156]    The following classes will be added in addition to those offered by Java API:  
         [0157]    1. Validation classes.  
         [0158]    2. Other support classes.  
         [0159]    4.2.7 Monitoring and Administration UI  
         [0160]    The Monitoring and Administration UI is responsible for displaying the information tracked by the Monitoring and Administration Service. This UI will be developed using Java and JFC. Nexel server will be used to web enable this application. The application will contain main screen, which will have a table view displaying all the information. There will be a filter window to filter the entries in the table. The filter should be available for all the information types. This application should also be able to display the active screen in the application.  
         [0161]    4.2.8 Thread-based Computing  
         [0162]    Nexel is based on a thread-based computing model that every request for the client machine is handled in its own thread. Once the processing is finished, that thread will simply be destroyed or recycled for other usage. Nexel does not maintain a constant process or even a constant thread for an application during its entire session. This is the computing model used in Java Servlet and has proven to be very scaleable. However, for efficiency reasons, Swing components are not designed to be thread safe. This means that Swing components should be manipulated by a single thread at a time. Nexel Platform needs to pay special attention to this issue during design time:  
         [0163]    1. Client-side initiated threads. When a client request is received, either the Java Servlet Engine or Nexel Network Engine will allocate a thread for handling this request. Once the request is processed, this thread will be freed. However, for different client requests, if they belong to the same application, they need to be processed sequentially though they are in different threads. An event queue for each application instance needs to be maintained.  
         [0164]    2. Server-side initiated thread. There are times that developers need to update UI in response to some kind of eternal event, such as a response from a server that arrives in a separate thread. To accommodate these situations, Swing provides two utility methods that allow developers to ask the event queue to run arbitrary code. These methods are SwingUtilites.invokeLater( ) and SwingUtilities.invodeAndWait( ). Nexel platform needs to re-implement these methods since Nexel does not use the standard JVM event queue thread.  
         [0165]    4.2.9 Performance.  
         [0166]    Nexel has to provide application delivery at acceptable performance. The time is spent in following actions while running an application under Nexel environment.  
         [0167]    a. Sending instructions from client to server to launch an application. This time should be same as other web application  
         [0168]    b. Launch Application Instance. Attempt should be made to optimize this time, as it may be significant. One way to reduce this is to launch each application as a different thread rather than a new process with new JVM. This poses certain restriction on having static variables.  
         [0169]    c. Extraction of UI. This time significantly depends on how the Component Framework is implemented. It should be very optimized to reduce the time it needs to record its UI.  
         [0170]    d. Transferring UI to client. This time should be same as other web applications.  
         [0171]    Even though it is very difficult to define the parameters at this time, the performance and scalability should be very close to HTML applications.  
         [0172]    4.2.10 Scalability.  
         [0173]    Nexel has to provide highly scalable applications. The server should be capable of running many application instances on server. Every application that is launched consumes certain amount of memory and the design should provide for ways to reduce this consumption. The ways to reduce this consumption are  
         [0174]    a. Serializing the application components to the disk. This frees up memory for new instances to be launched. This at the same time will effect in slower performance.  
         [0175]    b. Allowing application to discard lot of component model memory, which is not needed. For example in a tree control, if the application only concern about the selected item, which could be received from the client, then it can discard the memory for other tree items.  
         [0176]    c. Pooling many JVM or computers into a Server Farm. Nexel Server could run on many machines and it could use different machine to launch many instances.  
         [0177]    d. Adding more web server machine to Web server installation. This feature is found in many Web Servers (e.g. IIS) and could be utilized.  
         [0178]    [0178]FIG. 7 shows an enterprise-scale deployment of Nexel platform and its role in enterprise computing. Nexel Network Engine links different Nexel instances together and forms a high performance-computing environment with unlimited scalability. The diagram has two components  
         [0179]    4.2.11 Restartability.  
         [0180]    The applications run on the server machine should be accessible as long as they are running. If for any reason client breaks connection with the server, the same user which started the application should be able to recreate its UI. Server side application has to maintain information to be able to recreate UI. Some of the changes that user did on client side may not be retractable. The client kernel also reuse some of its cached information in order to recreate the screen.  
         [0181]    5. Nexel Client Kernel.  
         [0182]    Nexel Client Kernel  114  provides functionality to play the application UI on the client machine. It receives the instructions from the NexaWeb UI server for creating and updating the applications UI. It captures all the events and provides default response to events that are not handled by application. Applications could decide to handle events on client side or server side depending on which Kernel will either execute specified code on client side of the application or notify the event on server side of the application. It will also wait for response from server and update the UI when asked. It also provides caching of an application UI on the client side  
         [0183]    5.1 Nexel Client Kernel Platforms.  
         [0184]    Client kernel needs to be implemented on many platforms that play an application UI. In one example, three platforms are targeted, shown in table 3.  
                               TABLE 3                                           Language for           Platform   Technology   development                           Internet Explorer   Active-X component   C++               Applet   Java           Netscape Browser   Plugin   C++           Windows CE   Proprietary player   C++                      
 
         [0185]    The same code base is expected for Active-X component, Netscape Plugin and Windows CE player. These players will be developed using C++ language and so the code base should be same. On windows platform ATL Windows classes should be used to implement  
         [0186]    5.2 Nexel Client Kernel Architecture.  
         [0187]    The core functionality of the Client Kernel is to provide a rich Component Framework to create rich user interface. It creates instances of these components on the user&#39;s display and monitor events. The architecture  500  of Client Kernel is shown in FIG. 8 and is also summarized in Table 4 below.  
                   TABLE 4                           UI Components   This is a widget set that is implemented in the       (502)   Kernel. It includes various widgets like button,           window, tree etc.       Validation Components   These are components provides functionality       (504)   for simple validation of data. These           components are invoked on specified events           and they execute specified validation rules       Components   This takes care of creating UI Components and       Display/Update   updating them whenever necessary       Manager       (506)       Cache Manager   This manages Client Kernel Caching as well as       (512)   application UI caching on the client side. On           Windows CE Platforms it should bring up an           application even though it is not connected to           the server.       Event Manager   Event manager handles all the events       (508)       UI Server Interface   This module convert the packets received from       (510)   the server into various UI and event monitoring           commands.       Security Manager   Handles security for communicating with the       (514)   server. This determines the protocol and           encryption that will be used.       Communication Layer   This layer provides services for communicating       (516)   with the server.                  
 
         [0188]    5.3 Security Manager.  
         [0189]    The Security Manager  514  handles security for the communication records going to and from server to client. Standard security is used when a Web Server is involved. The HTTPS protocol is used to handle security. For socket-based communication, our own security mechanism is implemented.  
         [0190]    5.4 UI Cache Manager.  
         [0191]    The Cache Manager  512  has two purposes:  
         [0192]    To cache the Client Kernel itself. The Kernel detects that there is a newer version of the Kernel available on the server and it downloads and runs that Client Kernel. For browser-based implementations, its own caching mechanism can be used. For non-browser based implementations such as Windows CE, it will have to be implemented.  
         [0193]    To cache the application UI. An application name and its version will be used for caching. The code detects application versions on the server and client and if they match, it will not download its UI from the server. The server can disable the caching. The different windows that are opened during different events will also be cached. This feature can be used to play the UI on a client even if there is no connection to the server.  
         [0194]    The cache manager uses a cache directory to save files. This directory will be identified by the  
         [0195]    Registry key on the windows platform:  
         [0196]    HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\NexaWeb\Nexel\Cache Directory  
         [0197]    Environment variable on other platforms:  
         [0198]    NEXEL_CACHEDIR  
         [0199]    The directory structure used for caching should look like this:  
                                                                                 + HOME                + Application Name                + Version                − File1           − File2           − EventWindow.map                      
 
         [0200]    The directory contains a file EventWindow.map that keeps track of an event and the window that was opened due to the event.  
         [0201]    6. UI Record Format.  
         [0202]    The server sends the UI information to the client using this record format. Records are written in XML and packaged in text and transmitted over http protocol. This format may need tuning and can be changed to a compact binary format. The XML format is implemented, at least for testing purposes. The following principles are implemented:  
         [0203]    Each application instance has an assigned identification number.  
         [0204]    Each window is identified with an identifier from the server. This identifier is used in later communications for event handling and property changes.  
         [0205]    Every control implements properties, methods and events of its base class. Window class is the base class for all the controls.  
         [0206]    Every control is identified by a class name. This name is identified by the Widget name in UI Components table.  
         [0207]    The control&#39;s properties are described after identifying a window.  
         [0208]    The events that are to be handled are described later on.  
         [0209]    Applications properties are listed in following table 5.  
                                     TABLE 5                           Application       Properties                        Structure/Possible               Name   Description   Values   XML Examples                       Id   Identifier for       id=123               App instance           Name   Application       name=”MyApp”               Name           Version   Application       version=”1.0”               Version           Cache   Use Caching   true, false   cache=true                      
 
         [0210]    A typical record may look like this:  
                                                                                                                                                       &lt;nexawebapp id=123 name=”myapp” version =1.0 cache=truc&gt;                &lt;window id=1&gt;                &lt;bkcolor&gt;yellow&lt;/bkcolor&gt;           &lt;text&gt;My First Application&lt;/text&gt;           &lt;toolbar id=2&gt;                &lt;button id=3 command=100&gt;                &lt;text&gt;New&lt;/text&gt;           &lt;image&gt;images/new. gif&lt;/image&gt;                &lt;/button&gt;           &lt;button id=4 command=101&gt;                &lt;text&gt;Exit&lt;/text&gt;           &lt;image&gt;images/new.gif&lt;/image&gt;                &lt;/button&gt;                &lt;/toolbar&gt;           &lt;oncommand id=100&gt;&lt;/oncommand&gt;           &lt;oncommand id=101&gt;&lt;/oncommand&gt;                &lt;window&gt;                &lt;/nexawebapp&gt;                      
 
         [0211]    6.1 Event Record Format.  
         [0212]    The Event Record Format specifies how the event records are passed back to the server. Events are passed back with application ID and a Window ID. It also collects the properties that are specified to be collected.  
         [0213]    A typical event record may look like this:  
                                                                                           &lt;nexawebapp id=123&gt;                &lt;window id=1&gt;                &lt;oncommand id=100 &gt;&lt;/oncommmand&gt;                &lt;window&gt;                &lt;/nexawebapp&gt;                      
 
         [0214]    7. Client Component Hierarchy.  
         [0215]    The client component hierarchy  600  is shown in FIG. 9 and the following table 6 displays the UI Components that are supported. Each Control supports its properties, methods and events. The following section describes each control that is implemented by the Client Kernel.  
                                                 TABLE 6                           Components            Widget               Name   Window Equivalent   Description               Component   Window   Basic Window container       Dialog   Dialog   Dialog container       Frame   Frame Wnd   MDI Frame container       Label   Static   Caption or label control       Push Button   Button   Push Button Control       Radio   Button   Radio Button Control       Button       Check   Button   Check Button Control       Button       Text   Edit   Edit/Text Control       RTF   RichEdit   Rich Text Edit       HTML   DHTMLEdit   HTML control       List   ListBox   List Control       Combo Box   ComboBox   Combo Box control       Radion List       List Box with Radio buttons for               each item       Check List       List Box with Check buttons for               each item       Progress   ProgressCtrl   Progress Bar Control       Bar       Slider   SliderCtrl   Slider Control       Tree   TreeCtrl   Tree Control       Table   ListCtrl   Table Control       Tabbed   Tab   Tabbed Dialog       Dialog       Date   DateTimePicker   Date editing Control       Scroll Bar   ScrollBar   Scroll Bar Control       Calendar   Calendar   Calendar Control       Menu   Menu   Menu       Tool Bar   ToolBar   Tool Bar control       Status Bar   StatusBar   Status Bar Control            Dialogs            Message   MessageBox   Message dialog with OK and       Dialog       CANCEL button       Confirm   MessageBox   Confirm Dialog with YES, NO,       Dialog       CANCEL buttons       Input Dialog       Input Dialog with one edit control       File Dialog   FileDialog   File Selection Dialog       Color   ColorDialog   Color Chooser Dialog       Dialog       Print Dialog   PrintDialog   Printer selection dialog                  
 
         [0216]    8. Nexel Communication Format.  
         [0217]    Nexel provides many ways of communication between Client Kernel and Delivery Server. For each client type there could one implementation. In this release only one format is to be implemented. The communication happens in the UI record format and Event Record format. The following tables 7-46 describe the properties, methods and event that each component could have.  
                                 TABLE 7                           Component       Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               location   Window   Left, top, width,   location=”10,10,−1−1”           Location   height               Left or top = −1               locate anywhere               Width or height =               −1 freely size       bkcolor   Background   Color Value   bkcolor=red           color       textcolor   Foreground   Color Value   textcolor=green           color       state   Window   minimized   state=normal           state   maximized               normal       minimizebox   Window   True,false   minimizebox=true           has           minimize           box       maximizebox   Window   true,false   maximizebox=true           hax           maximize           box       cancelbox   Window   true, false   cancelbox=true           has cancel           box       systemmenu   Window   true, false   systemmenu=true           has system           menu       visible   window is   true,false   visible=true           visible       enabled   window is   true,false   enabled=true           enabled       contexthelp   Window   true,false   contexthelp=false           has help           button       text   Window       text=”My window”           title/caption/           text       border   Window   none   border=none           border   fixed               dialog               sizeable       focus   Window   true/false   focus=true           has focus       font   Window   see font           font   description       icon   Window   value   icon=”images/icon.gif”           Icon       cursor   Mouse       cursor=”images/           pointer       hand.gif”       helpurl   Help URL       helpurl=”help/                   mywindow.htm”       flash   Flash   true, false   flash=true           Window       tooltiptext   Tool Tip       tooltiptext=“Here is           Text       my tooltip”                  
 
         [0218]    [0218]                                                 Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               print   Print the       &lt;print&gt;&lt;/print&gt;           window       center   Center Window   window id   &lt;center                   id=10 &gt;&lt;/center&gt;       redraw   Redraw       &lt;redraw&gt;&lt;/redraw&gt;           Window       move   Move Window   left,top,width.height   &lt;move&gt;10,10,−1,−1                   &lt;/move&gt;       show   Show Window       &lt;show&gt;&lt;/show&gt;       moveto   Move Drawing       &lt;moveto x=10           point       y=10&gt; &lt;/moveto&gt;       lineto   Draw Line       &lt;pen&gt;...&lt;/pen&gt;                   &lt;lineto x=10 y=10&gt;                   &lt;/lineto&gt;       circle   Draw Circle       &lt;pen&gt;...&lt;/pen&gt;                   &lt;brush&gt;...&lt;/brush&gt;                   &lt;circle x=10 y=10                   radius=20                   fill=true&gt; &lt;/circle&gt;       rectangle   Draw       &lt;pen&gt;...&lt;/pen&gt;           Rectangle       &lt;brush&gt;...&lt;/brush&gt;                   &lt;rectangle x=10                   y=10 width=20                   height=20                   fill=true&gt;                   &lt;/rectangle&gt;       polygon   Draw polygon       &lt;pen&gt;...&lt;/pen&gt;                   &lt;brush&gt;...&lt;/brush&gt;                   &lt;polygon                   points=10,10;20,20;                   30,30 fill=true&gt;                   &lt;/rectangle&gt;                    
         [0219]    [0219]                                                 Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               Onmousedown       button, x,y   &lt;onmousedown                   button=left x=10                   y=20&gt;&lt;/mousedown&gt;       onmouseup           &lt;onmouseup                   button=left x=10                   y=20&gt;&lt;/mouseup&gt;       Onmousemove           &lt;onmousemove x=10                   y=20&gt;&lt;/mousemove&gt;       onclick           &lt;onclick button=left                   x=10                   y=20&gt;&lt;/onclick&gt;       ondblclick           &lt; ondblclick                   button=left x=10                   y=20&gt;&lt;/ ondblclick &gt;       onactivate   window is       &lt;onactivate           activated       oldactiveid=122&gt;                   &lt;/onactivate&gt;       ondeactivate   window is       &lt;ondeactivate           deactivated       newactiveid=133&gt;                   &lt;/ondeactivate&gt;       Oncontextmenu   context       &lt;oncontextmenu&gt;&lt;/on           menu is       contextmenu&gt;           requested       onfocus   window is       &lt;focus           getting       oldfocusid=111&gt;           focus       &lt;/focus&gt;       onkillfocus   window is       &lt;onkillfocus           loosing       newfocusid=111&gt;           focus       &lt;/onkillfocus&gt;       onhelp   help is       &lt;onhelp&gt;&lt;/onhelp&gt;           invoked       onkeydown   key is down       &lt;onkeydown key=”b”                   shift=true alt=false                   ctrl=true&gt;                   &lt;/onkeydown&gt;       onkeyup   key is up       &lt;onkeyup key=”b”                   shift=true alt=false                   ctrl=true&gt; &lt;/onkeyup&gt;       onkeypress   key is       &lt;onkeypress key=”b”           pressed       shift=true alt=false                   ctrl=true&gt;                   &lt;/onkeypress&gt;       onresize   window is       &lt;onresize width=10           resized       height=50&gt; &lt;/resize&gt;       onmove   window is       &lt;onmove left=10           moved       top=20&gt; &lt;/onmove&gt;       oncommand   Window       &lt;oncommand id=200&gt;           recieves a       &lt;/oncommand&gt;           command                    
         [0220]    [0220]                                                                                 TABLE 8                       Dialog                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               modal   Dialog is modal   true/false   modal=true                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               reset   reset the dialog       &lt;reset&gt;&lt;/reset&gt;                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               submit   Submit dialog       &lt;submit&gt;&lt;/submit&gt;                    
         [0221]    [0221]                                                                                 TABLE 9                       Frame                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               splitdir   Split Direction   horz,vert   splitdir=horz                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               split   Split the frame   pane, no of panes   &lt;split pane=0,1                   panes=2&gt;&lt;/split&gt;       attach   Attach Window   window   &lt;attach                   windowid=100&gt;                   &lt;/attach&gt;                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            
         [0222]    [0222]                                                                                             TABLE 10                       Label                   Properties                        Structure/Possible               Name   Description   Values   XML Examples                                                            Methods                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            Events                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            
         [0223]    [0223]                                                                                         TABLE 11                       Push Button                   Properties                    Structure/                   Possible       Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               image   Image   image file   image=“images/yes.gif”               name       overimage   Image to be       overimage=“images/no.gif”           displayed           when mouse           is moved           over       downimage   button       downimage=“images/           image when       down.gif”           pushed           down       selected-   button       selectedimage=“images/       image   image when       selected.gif”           selected       imageloc   image   left,top,   imageloc=top           location in   right,bottom           reference to           text       imagealign   image   left,right,   imagealign=“top,center”           alignment   top,center,               bottom,vcenter                    Methods                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                        Events                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                           Button is       &lt;oncommand id=202&gt;               pushed       &lt;/oncommand&gt;                        
         [0224]    [0224]                                                                                 TABLE 12                       Radio Button                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               selected   radio button is   true,false   selected=true           selected                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            
         [0225]    [0225]                                                                                 TABLE 13                       Check Box                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               checked   button is   true,false   checked=true           checked                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            
         [0226]    [0226]                                                                                             TABLE 14                       Group Box                   Properties                        Structure/Possible               Name   Description   Values   XML Examples                        Methods                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            Events                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            
         [0227]    [0227]                                                                                 TABLE 15                       Text                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               multiline   whether   true,false   multilne           multiline text       textlimit   number of   number   textlimit=10           characters           allowed       editmask   mask to be   string   editmask=“###.##.####”           used           for editing       datatype   type of data   string,   datatype=date               number,date,               currency,amount       outformat   output format   string   outformat=“$%x”       align   Alignment   left,center,right   align=right                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               clear   Clear the text       &lt;clear&gt;&lt;/clear&gt;       cut   Cut the selected       &lt;cut&gt;&lt;/cut&gt;           text to clipboard       paste   Paste from       &lt;paste&gt;&lt;/paste&gt;           clipboard       copy   Copy the       &lt;copy&gt;&lt;/copy&gt;           selected text to           clipboard                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               onchange   Text is       &lt;onchange           changed       text=“1234”&gt;&lt;/onchange&gt;                    
         [0228]    [0228]                                                                                             TABLE 16                       RTF                   Properties                        Structure/Possible               Name   Description   Values   XML Examples                                                            Methods                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            Events                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            
         [0229]    [0229]                                                                                             TABLE 17                       HTML                   Properties                        Structure/Possible               Name   Description   Values   XML Examples                                                            Methods                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            Events                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            
         [0230]    [0230]                                                                                 TABLE 18                       List                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               listitem   List item   text,image,data   &lt;listitem text=“xyz”           description.       image=“images/           many records       checked.gif”           repeated       data=“avalue”&gt;                   &lt;/listitem&gt;       selectedtext   Selected item       selectedtext=“xyz”           text       selecteddata   Selected item       selecteddata=“avalue”           data       itemcount   Number of       itemcount=10           items       multiselect   Multiple   true,false   multiselect=true           selection           Allowed       sorted   List is sorted   true,false   sorted=false                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               additem   Adds a item   listitem   &lt;additem text=“xyz”                   data=“abc”&gt;                   &lt;/additem&gt;                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               selchange   Selection       &lt;selchange index=0           Changed       text=“xyz”                   data=“abc”&gt;                   &lt;/selchange&gt;                    
         [0231]    [0231]                                                                                             TABLE 19                       Radio List                   Properties                        Structure/Possible               Name   Description   Values   XML Examples                                                            Methods                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            Events                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            
         [0232]    [0232]                                                                                             TABLE 20                       Check List                   Properties                        Structure/Possible               Name   Description   Values   XML Examples                                                            Methods                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            Events                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            
         [0233]    [0233]                                                                                 TABLE 21                       Scroll Bar                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               direction   Progress   horz,vert   direction=vert           direction       range   Range   low,high   range=100,200       pos   Position       pos=10       linestep   Step       linestep=10       pagestep   Page Step       pagestep=100                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               scroll   Scroll the       scroll=−10           bar by offset       setscroll   Set the       setscroll=100           thumb                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               poschange   Position       &lt;poschange           Changed       newpos=105&gt;                   &lt;/poschange&gt;                    
         [0234]    [0234]                                                                                 TABLE 22                       Progress Bar                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               smooth   Smooth   true,false   smooth=true           Scrolling bar       step   Step       step=10                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               stepit   Advance       &lt;stepit                   numofsteps=10&gt;                   &lt;/stepit&gt;                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                    
         [0235]    [0235]                                                                                             TABLE 23                       Slider                   Properties                        Structure/Possible               Name   Description   Values   XML Examples                                                            Methods                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            Events                Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                                            
         [0236]    [0236]                                                                                 TABLE 24                       Calendar                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               daterange   Range in   from,to   &lt;daterange from=“1/1/99”           Calendar       to=“2/2/00”&gt;&lt;/daterange&gt;           Control       date   Selected       date=“1/1/00”           date                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               selchange   Date       &lt;selchange           selection       newdate=“1/1/00”&gt;           changed       &lt;/selchange&gt;                    
         [0237]    [0237]                                                                                 TABLE 25                       Date                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               inputmask   Input Mask       inputmask=“mm/dd/yy”       outformat   Output Format       outformat=“dd-mmm-                   yyyy”                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            
         [0238]    [0238]                                                                                 TABLE 26                       Tree                   Properties                    Structure/                   Possible       Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               treeitem   Tree Item       &lt;treeitem parent=0 id=1           Structure       text=“abcd”                   image=“open.gif”                   openimage=“close.gif”                   selectedimage=“selected.                   gif”                   children=1                   data=“ext111”                   state=expanded&gt;                   &lt;/treeitem&gt;       selecteditem   Selected       &lt;selecteditem id =“1”           Tree Item       text=“abcd”                   data=“ext111”&gt;                   &lt;/selecteditem&gt;       rightclickitem   Item where       &lt;rightclickitem id =“1”           right clicked       text=“abcd”                   data=“ext111”&gt;                   &lt;/rightclickitem&gt;                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               insertitem   Insert Item       &lt;insertitem&gt;                   &lt;treeitem&gt;...&lt;/treeitem&gt;                   &lt;/insertitem&gt;       deleteitem   Delete Item       &lt;deleteitem&gt;                   &lt;treeitem&gt;...&lt;/treeitem&gt;                   &lt;/deleteitem&gt;       deleteall   Delete all       &lt;deleteall&gt;           items       &lt;/deleteall&gt;       expanditem   Expand       &lt;expanditem id=1&gt;           Item       &lt;/expanditem&gt;       selectitem   Select Item       &lt;selectitem id=1&gt;                   &lt;/selectitem&gt;       sortchildren   Sort       &lt;sortchildren           Children       id=1&gt;&lt;/sortchildren&gt;       ensurevisible   Ensure       &lt;ensurevisible id=1&gt;           Visible       &lt;/ensurevisible&gt;       editlable   Edit Label       &lt;editlabel id=1&gt;                   &lt;/editlabel&gt;       setitem   Set Item       &lt;setitem&gt;                   &lt;treeitem&gt;...&lt;/treeitem&gt;                   &lt;/setitem&gt;                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               begindrag   Begin Drag       &lt;begindrag id=1&gt;                   &lt;/begindrag&gt;       enddrag   End Drag       &lt;enddrag id=1                   droptarget=5 &gt;                   &lt;/enddrag&gt;       itemexpanded   Item       &lt;itemexpanded id=1           expanded       text=“xyz”                   data=“as111”&gt;                   &lt;/itemexpanded&gt;       itemexpanding   Item       &lt;itemexpanding id=1           expanding       text=“xyz”                   data=“as111”&gt;                   &lt;/itemexpanding&gt;       selchanged   Selection       &lt;selechanged id=1           Changed       text=“xyz”                   data=“as111”&gt;                   &lt;/selechanged&gt;       selchanging   Selection       &lt;selechanging id=1           Changing       text=“xyz”                   data=“as111”&gt;                   &lt;/selechanging&gt;                    
         [0239]    [0239]                                                                                 TABLE 27                       Table                   Properties                    Structure/                   Possible       Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               tablecol   Table   see table   &lt;tablecol&gt;...&lt;/tablecol&gt;           Header   column           Column       tablerow   Table Row       &lt;tablerow&gt;...&lt;/tablerow&gt;       tablecell   Table Cell       &lt;tablecell&gt;...&lt;tablecell&gt;       selectedrows   Selected       selectedrows=10,11,12,13           Row                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               insertrow   Insert Row       &lt;insertrow&gt;                   &lt;tablerow&gt;...&lt;/tablerow&gt;                   &lt;/insertirow&gt;       deleterow   Delete Row       &lt;deleterow row=1&gt;                   &lt;/deleterow&gt;       deleteall   Delete all       &lt;deleteall&gt;           Rows       &lt;/deleteall&gt;       selectrow   Select Row       &lt;selectrow row=1&gt;                   &lt;/selectrow&gt;       sort   Sort table       &lt;sort                   column=1&gt;&lt;/sort&gt;       ensurevisible   Ensure       &lt;ensurevisible           Visible       row=1&gt;                   &lt;/ensurevisible&gt;       setrow   Set Row       &lt;setrow row=1&gt;                   &lt;tablerow&gt;...&lt;/tablerow&gt;                   &lt;/setrow&gt;       settablecell   Set Table       &lt; settablecell row=1           Cell       col=5&gt;                   &lt;tablecell&gt;...&lt;/tablecell&gt;                   &lt;/ settablecell &gt;       insertcol   Insert       &lt;insertcol after=1&gt;           Column       &lt;tablecol&gt;...&lt;tablecol&gt;                   &lt;/insertcol&gt;       deletecol   Delete       &lt;deletecol col=1&gt;           Column       &lt;/deletecol&gt;       deleteallcol   Delete All       &lt;deleteallcol&gt;           Columns       &lt;/deleteallcol&gt;                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               begindrag   Begin Drag       &lt;begindrag id=1&gt;                   &lt;/begindrag&gt;       enddrag   End Drag       &lt;enddrag id=1                   droptarget=5 &gt;                   &lt;/enddrag&gt;       selchanged   Selection       &lt;selechanged id=1           Changed       text=“xyz”                   data=“as111”&gt;                   &lt;/selechanged&gt;       selchanging   Selection       &lt;selechanging id=1           Changing       text=“xyz”                   data=“as111”&gt;                   &lt;/selechanging&gt;                    
         [0240]    [0240]                                                                                 TABLE 28                       Tabbed Dialog                   Properties                    Structure/                   Possible       Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               tab   Tab stucture   All button   &lt;tab id=1               attributes   image=“mytab.gif”               and view   text=“abcd” view=“abcd”&gt;               attribute   &lt;/tab&gt;       selectedtab   Selected       &lt;selectedtab&gt;           Tab       &lt;tab&gt;...&lt;/tab&gt;                   &lt;/selectedtab&gt;                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               inserttab   Insert Tab       &lt;inserttab&gt;                   &lt;tab&gt;...&lt;/tab&gt;                   &lt;/inserttab&gt;       deletetab   Delete Tab       &lt;deletetab&gt;                   &lt;tab&gt;...&lt;/tab&gt;                   &lt;/deletetab&gt;       deleteall   Delete all       &lt;deleteall&gt;           tabs       &lt;/deleteall&gt;       selecttab   Select Tab       &lt;selecttab id=1&gt;                   &lt;/selecttab&gt;       settab   Set tab       &lt;settab&gt;                   &lt;tab&gt;...&lt;/tab&gt;                   &lt;/settab&gt;                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               selchanged   Selection       &lt;selechanged id=1           Changed       text=“xyz”                   data=“as111”&gt;                   &lt;/selechanged&gt;       selchanging   Selection       &lt;selechanging id=1           Changing       text=“xyz”                   data=“as111”&gt;                   &lt;/selechanging&gt;                    
         [0241]    [0241]                                                                                 TABLE 30                       Status Bar                   Properties                    Structure/                   Possible       Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               pane   Pane   All button   &lt;pane id=0 text=“For help               attributes   press F1”&gt; &lt;/pane&gt;                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               addpane   Add Pane       &lt;addpane&gt;                   &lt;pane&gt;...&lt;/pane&gt;                   &lt;/addpane&gt;       setpane   Set Pane       &lt;setpane&gt;&lt;pane&gt;...&lt;/pane&gt;                   &lt;/setpane&gt;                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            
         [0242]    [0242]                                                                                 TABLE 31                       Tool Bar                   Properties                    Structure/                   Possible       Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               tool   Tool coulbd   All control   &lt;tool id=1&gt;           be a button   Attributes   &lt;button&gt;...&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/tool&gt;           or other           control       docked   Which side   top,left,   docked=float           docked   bottom,               right,float       moveable   Can be   no,canfloat,   moveable=canfloat           moved   yes,candock                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               addtool   Add Tool       &lt;addtool                   after=1&gt;&lt;tool&gt;...&lt;/tool&gt;                   &lt;/addtool&gt;       settool   Set Tool       &lt;settool&gt;&lt;tool&gt;...&lt;/tool&gt;                   &lt;/settool&gt;                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               oncommand   When tool       &lt;oncommand id=100&gt;           is clicked       &lt;/oncommand&gt;                    
         [0243]    [0243]                                                                                 TABLE 32                       Menu                   Properties                    Structure/                   Possible       Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               menuitem   Menu Item   See   &lt;menuitem&gt;...&lt;/menuitem&gt;               menuitem               description       layout   Layout   vert,horz   layout=vert                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               addmenu   Add Child       &lt;addchild after=1&gt;           Menu       &lt;menuitem&gt;...&lt;/menuitem&gt;                   &lt;/addchild&gt;       setmenu   Change       &lt;setmenu&gt;           Properties       &lt;menuitem&gt;...&lt;/menuitem&gt;                   &lt;/setmenu&gt;                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               oncommand   When menu       &lt;oncommand id=100&gt;           is clicked       &lt;/oncommand&gt;                    
         [0244]    [0244]                                                                                 TABLE 33                       Message Dialog                   Properties                    Structure/                   Possible       Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               message   Message       message=“Test Message”       icon   Icon       icon=“images/image.gif”       buttons   Buttons   ok,cancel   buttons=ok/cancel       return   Button   ok,cancel   return=ok           Presses                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                    Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               close   Dialog       &lt;close           closed       return=ok&gt;&lt;/close&gt;                    
         [0245]    [0245]                                                                                 TABLE 34                       Confirm Dialog                   Properties                    Structure/                   Possible       Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               message   Message       message=“Test Message”       icon   Icon       icon=“images/image.gif”       buttons   Buttons   yes,no,   buttons=ok/cancel               cancel       return   Button   yes,no,   return=ok           Pressed   cancel                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               close   Dialog       &lt;close           closed       return=ok&gt;&lt;/close&gt;                    
         [0246]    [0246]                                                                                 TABLE 35                       Input Dialog                   Properties                    Structure/                   Possible       Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               message   Message       message=“Test Message”       icon   Icon       icon=“images/image.gif”       buttons   Buttons   ok,cancel   buttons=ok/cancel       return   Button   ok,cancel   return=ok           Presses       datatype   Data Type   string,date,   datatype=date               number                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               close   Dialog       &lt;close return=ok           closed       text=“acde”&gt; &lt;/close&gt;                    
         [0247]    [0247]                                                                                 TABLE 36                       Color Dialog                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               color   Color       color=red                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               close   Dialog       &lt;close return=ok           closed       color=black&gt; &lt;/close&gt;                    
         [0248]    [0248]                                                                                 TABLE 37                       File Dialog                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               startdir   Starting       startdir=“c:\”           Directory       filter   File Filter       filter=“*.*”       file   Initial File       file=“My File”       multifile   Allow   true,false   multifile=false           Multiple file           selection       existfile   Existing Files   true,false   existfile=true           only                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               close   Dialog closed       &lt;close return=ok                   file=“abc.gif;gdi.gif”&gt;                   &lt;/close&gt;                    
         [0249]    [0249]                                                                                 TABLE 38                       Printer Dialog                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               printer   Printer       printer=“HP Laserjet III”                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               close   Dialog closed       &lt;close return=ok                   printer=“ HP Laserjet                   III”&gt; &lt;/close&gt;                    
         [0250]    [0250]                                                                                 TABLE 39                       Validation                   Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               validateid   Control to       validateid=10           validate       compareid   Control to       compareid=15           Compare       valtype   Validation   required,   valtype=range           type   compare,               range,               expression       comparetype   Compare   equal,lessthan,   comparetype=”equal,                   lessthan”           Type   greatherthan,               notequal       message   Message       message=“Range           when failed       validation Failed$$       minvalue   Minimum       minvalue=10           Value       maxvalue   Maximum       maxvalue=40           Value       expression   Expression       expression=”[0-9]{3}\                   s[0-9]           to check       {3}−[0-9]{4}”                    Methods            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples                                            Events            Name   Description   Parameters   XML Examples               close   Dialog closed       &lt;close return=ok                   printer=“ HP Laserjet                   III”&gt; &lt;/close&gt;                    
         [0251]    [0251]                                 TABLE 40                           Font       Properties                    Structure/                   Possible       Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               size   Size of Font       size=10       face   Font Face       face=“Time Roman”       bold   Bold ?   true,false   bold=true       underline   Underline   true,false   underline=true       italic   Italic   true,false   italic=false       strikethrough   Strikethrough   true,false   strikethrough=false       textcolor   Text Color       textcolor=red       backcolor   Background       backcolor=yellow           Color                    
         [0252]    [0252]                                 TABLE 41                           Pen       Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               size   Size of pen       size=10       shape   Shape of pen   square,round   shape=square       color   Color       color=red       style   Pen Style   solid,dash,dot,   style=dash               dashdot,dashdotdot       insideframe   Drawing is   true,false   insiderframe=true           inside bounding           limits                    
         [0253]    [0253]                                 TABLE 42                           Brush       Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               style   Brush Style   solid,bidigonal,   style=dash               cross,diagcross,               fdiagonal,horz,               vert,image       color   Color       color=red       image   Pattern Image       iamge=“pattern.gif”                    
         [0254]    Structures Used in Components  
                                 TABLE 43                           Menu Item       Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               text   Text       text=“&amp;File”       image   Image       image=“images/file.gif”       imageloc   image   left,top,right,   imageloc=top           location in   bottom           reference to           text       imagealign   image   left,right,center,   imagealign=“top,center”               top,           alignment   bottom,vcenter       popup   Popup menu   true,false   popup=true       visible   Visible   true,false   visible=true       enabled   Enabled   true,false   enabled=false       checked   Checked   true,false   checked=false       hint   Menu hint       hint=“Open a File”       data   Menu data       data=“abcd”       id   Command id       id=100       hotkey   Hot Key       hotkey=“ctrl+o”       align   Alignment   left,top,right,   align=left               bottom                  
 
         [0255]    [0255]                                 TABLE 44                           TableCell       Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               row   Row       row=10       col   Column       col=10       text   Column text       text=“abcd”       image   Column Image       image=“images/                   attach.gif”       bigimage   Big Image       bigimage=“images/                   bigattach.gif”       data   Cell Data       data=“celldatar”                    
         [0256]    [0256]                                 TABLE 45                           Table Header       Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               col   Column       col=10       text   Column text       text=“abcd”       image   Column Image       image=“images/attach.                   gif”       data   Cell Data       data=“coldatar”       width   Cell Width       width=100       sortedon   Sorted on this   true,false   sortedon=true           column                    
         [0257]    [0257]                                 TABLE 46                           Table Row       Properties                    Structure/Possible           Name   Description   Values   XML Examples               tablerow   Row       &lt;tablerow row=10                   data=“abcd”&gt;                   &lt;tablecell&gt;...&lt;/tablecell&gt;                   &lt;tablecell&gt;...&lt;/tablecell&gt;                   &lt;/tablerow&gt;                    
         [0258]    9. Layout Manager  
         [0259]    The Layout Manager allows adjusting the screens produced by a Java Application. This adjustments may be needed depending on client type. This application has to be developed using JFC and Java. This tool will load screens from application and will allow changing some of their properties. Once the screen has been adjusted it will save a template into a file. The developer could decide the file format. A Java class for loading the file needs to be provided so that applications can use it.  
         [0260]    10. Code Analyzer  
         [0261]    The Code Analyzer will analyze existing Java applications and pin point the problems running that application under Nexel environment. The programmer can make those changes and recompile the application and deploy it. At this point in time, limitations are not known in great detail. So a rule based engine needs to be developed. This could be a command line tool, which analyzes application source code and finds problems and suggest alternatives, much like a compiler.  
         [0262]    11. Nexel Core Classes Initial implementation  
         [0263]    An example of an implementation of the Nexel Core Classes is shown in FIG. 13-FIG. 20.  
         [0264]    12. Nexel Server Class Diagram  
         [0265]    Nexel Server Classes include the following packages, shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12:  
         [0266]    com.nexaweb.core: core classes for Nexel Server  
         [0267]    com.nexaweb.net: Nexel Network Engine for communicating with Nexel Client Kernel and other Nexel Servers  
         [0268]    Selected classes in package java.awt  
         [0269]    Selected classes in package javax.swing  
         [0270]    com.nexaweb.plaf.ce: all the UI classes for Windows CE platform  
         [0271]    com.nexaweb.plaf.pc: all the UI classes for PC (Windows desktop, Unix machine, Macintosh) platforms