Abstract:
An In The Ear (ITE) microphone which converts audio sounds into electrical signals which are then processed by a speech processor to generate electrical pulses to stimulate nerves in the cochlea, improves the acoustic response of a Behind The Ear (BTE) Implantable Cochlear Stimulation (ICS) system during telephone use. An acoustic seal provided by holding a telephone earpiece against the ear provides improved coupling of low frequency (up to about 1 KHz) sound waves, sufficient to overcome losses due to the near field acoustic characteristics common to telephones. In an exemplary embodiment, the ITE microphone is connected to a removable ear hook of the BTE ICS system by a short bendable stalk.

Description:
The present application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/823,962, filed Apr. 14, 2004, to be issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,106,873 on Sep. 12, 2006; which is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/927,130, filed Aug. 10, 2001, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,775,389; and is related to U.S. application Ser. No. 10/731,049, filed Dec. 9, 2003, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,003,876; which applications and patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to hearing devices for aiding the hearing impaired and the profoundly deaf, and more particularly to an In The Ear (ITE) auxiliary microphone connected to a Behind The Ear (BTE) speech processor through a removable ear hook. The microphone of the present invention is especially useful for a user conversing over a telephone. 
     Implantable Cochlear Stimulation (ICS) systems are known in the art. Such systems are used to help the profoundly deaf (those whose middle and/or outer ear is dysfunctional, but whose auditory nerve remains intact) to hear. The sensation of hearing is achieved by directly exciting the auditory nerve with controlled impulses of electrical current, which impulses are generated as a function of perceived audio sounds. The audio sounds are picked up by a microphone carried externally (not implanted) by the deaf person and converted to electrical signals. The electrical signals, in turn, are processed and conditioned by a Wearable Signal Receiver and Processor (WP) in an appropriate manner, e.g., converted to a sequence of pulses of varying width and/or amplitude, and then transmitted to an implanted receiver circuit of the ICS system. The implanted receiver circuit generates electrical current as a function of the processed signal it receives from the WP (which in turn is based on the audio sounds picked up by the external microphone). The implanted receiver circuit is connected to an implantable electrode array that has been implanted into the cochlea of the inner ear. The electrical current generated by the implanted receiver circuit is applied to individual electrode pairs of the electrode array. It is this electrical current which directly stimulates the auditory nerve and provides the user with the sensation of hearing. 
     While known ICS systems have succeeded in providing hearing to the deaf, ICS systems also have the disadvantage of appearing unsightly. ICS systems include an external headpiece, positioned on the side of the user&#39;s head, and require an external cable running from the external headpiece to the WP. The WP is typically worn or carried by the user on a belt or in a pocket. While the WP is not too large, it is likewise not extremely small, and hence also represents an inconvenience for the user. The cable which connects the WP with the headpiece is particularly a source of irritation and self-consciousness for the user. 
     The above-described aesthetic considerations and inconvenience of an external wire are addressed by U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,022, issued Oct. 20, 1998, for “Cochlear Stimulation System Employing Behind-The-Ear (BTE) Speech Processor With Remote Control.” The &#39;022 patent teaches a small single external device that performs the functions of both the WP and the headpiece. The external device is positioned behind the ear to minimize its visibility, and requires no cabling to additional components. The &#39;022 patent is incorporated herein by reference. 
     While the BTE device taught by the &#39;022 patent resolves the issues of aesthetics and inconvenience, the placement of the microphone in the BTE device case results in poor microphone performance when using a telephone. The near field acoustic characteristics of known telephones, and the absence of a seal between the telephone earpiece and the microphone in the BTE case, degrades the coupling of low frequency information up to about 1 KHz. Further, known ICS systems and hearing aids use a telecoil residing near the earpiece of a telephone handset to detect the magnetic field produced by the speaker in the handset, however, low magnetic field phones and cell phones using piezo transducers, do not couple well with telecoils. 
     Therefore, there is a need to improve the performance of known ICS systems when the user is conversing over a telephone. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention addresses the above and other needs by providing an In The Ear (ITE) microphone that improves the acoustic response of a Behind The Ear (BTE) Implantable Cochlear Stimulation (ICS) system during telephone use. An acoustic seal provided by holding a telephone earpiece against the outer ear provides improved coupling of low frequency (up to about 1 KHz) sound waves, sufficient to overcome losses due to the near field acoustic characteristics resulting from the telephone microphone cooperation. In a preferred embodiment, the ITE microphone is connected to a removable ear hook of the BTE ICS system by a short bendable stalk. 
     In accordance with one aspect of the invention, there is provided an ITE microphone for a BTE ICS system, which microphone is placed within the concha of the ear. When a telephone handset is held against the ear, the phone seals against the outer ear, creating a chamber wherein the microphone resides. Sealing the microphone within such chamber results in improved frequency fidelity due to the sealing in of the sound pressure. Such sealing also reduces the amount of outside noise that reaches the microphone. Advantageously, the BTE ICS system does not require any earmolding to provide adequate sealing. Further, the positioning of the microphone within the ear improves hearing by using the natural acoustics of the ear. 
     It is a further feature of the invention to provide a BTE ICS system that works equally well with low magnetic field phones and cell phones using piezo transducers which do not couple well to a telecoil. The ITE microphone relies entirely on the acoustic signal transmitted by the speaker in the telephone handset, which speaker is designed to achieve the acoustic performance objectives of the unaided hearing population. The performance of the BTE ICS system using the ITE microphone is therefore unaffected by the type of speaker (or sound transducer) used in the telephone handset. 
     It is an additional feature of the present invention, that when exercised in conjunction with an ICS system, there is no acoustic feedback from a microphone to affect performance. Conventional hearing aids use a speaker in the user&#39;s ear to broadcast an amplified acoustic signal to the user. If an ITE microphone was used in the same ear, the result would be severe acoustic feedback. The present invention is applied to ICS systems, wherein the output of the ICS system is electrical stimulation of the cochlea, not an acoustic signal. 
     It is a further additional feature that use of the ITE microphone does not result in chafing to the skin of the ear. The ITE microphone of the present invention includes a bendable stalk, which stalk retains a shape once the stalk is bent into that shape. The stalk may thus be bent to avoid rubbing against the skin of the ear, and the resulting chafing of the skin. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following more particular description thereof, presented in conjunction with the following drawings wherein: 
         FIG. 1A  depicts a prior art BTE device and earhook; 
         FIG. 1B  depicts the prior art BTE device and earhook placed upon the ear of a user; 
         FIG. 1C  shows the prior art BTE device and earhook with the earhook detached from the BTE device; 
         FIG. 2  shows the BTE device with the In The Ear (ITE) microphone attached; 
         FIG. 3  depicts the BTE device with ITE microphone attached placed upon the ear of a user; 
         FIG. 4  shows a front view of the ITE microphone and earhook; 
         FIG. 4A  shows a cross-sectional view of the ITE microphone and earhook taken along line  4 A- 4 A of  FIG. 4 ; and 
         FIG. 5  shows a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the ITE microphone and earhook taken along line  4 A- 4 A of  FIG. 4 . 
     
    
    
     Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding components throughout the several views of the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The following description is of the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention. This description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of describing the general principles of the invention. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the claims. 
     The In The Ear (ITE) microphone of the present invention improves the acoustic response of a Behind The Ear (BTE) Implantable Cochlear Stimulation (ICS) system during telephone use. As shown in  FIG. 1A , when combined (or connected together), a prior art earhook  12  and BTE device  10  of an ICS system resemble a common BTE hearing aid. The earhook  12  is arched and hooks in front of the ear. The BTE device  10  continues the arch to the rear of the ear and is positioned behind the ear. A battery compartment  14  is removably attached to the bottom of the BTE device  10 . Various batteries of different sizes may be interchangeably attached to the BTE device  10  depending upon the needs of a user. A more detailed description of a BTE device may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,022, previously incorporated herein by reference. In known BTE devices  10 , a BTE microphone is positioned in the case of the BTE device  10  behind a microphone port  16 . The earhook  12  typically defines a recess cooperating with the port  16  to facilitate the communication of sound waves with the BTE microphone. The BTE device  10  with the earhook  12  attached, is shown residing on an ear  18  in  FIG. 1B . 
     Turning to  FIG. 1C , a coaxial connector  20  is shown attached to the BTE device  10 . Such co-axial connector  20  is disclosed in currently pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/785,629 filed Feb. 16, 2001 for “Connector System for BTE Hearing Devices.” The coaxial connector  20  serves as both an attaching fixture for the standard earhook  12  and special earhooks (i.e., provides a mechanical connection), and as an electrical connector for auxiliary devices (i.e., provides an electrical connection between the BTE electronics circuits and other electronic devices or sensors included within, or attached to, an earhook). Advantageously, the dual use feature of the coaxial connector  20  eliminates the need to provide a separate connector for connecting (electrically or mechanically) auxiliary devices to the BTE device  10 . The &#39;629 application teaches the construction and use of the co-axial connector to mechanically and electrically connect a special earhook to a BTE device  10 . The &#39;629 application also discloses several special earhooks intended to add features to the BTE ICS device. The &#39;629 application does not however contemplate a special earhook which provides an ITE microphone. The &#39;629 application is herein incorporated by reference. 
     An ITE microphone earhook  22  is shown attached to the BTE device  10  in  FIG. 2 . The ITE microphone earhook  22  comprises a second earhook  24 , a microphone assembly  26 , and a stalk  28  mechanically and electrically connecting the microphone assembly  26  to the earhook  24 . The microphone assembly  26  includes a soundport  30  defined at a distal end of the microphone assembly  26 . The stalk  28  preferably is bendable and preferably retains a position into which the stalk  28  is bent. In a preferred embodiment, the ITE microphone earhook  22  is attached to the BTE device  10  using the coaxial connector  20  of the &#39;629 patent, however, those skilled in the art will recognize that a variety of apparatus and methods of attaching an ITE microphone to a BTE device are available. Further, the ITE microphone  25  need only be electrically connected  21  to the speech processor  23  of an ICS system, including a BTE system, and may include other means to secure the ITE microphone (e.g., any means that might be used to secure a common earphone may prove suitable to secure the ITE microphone) in place. These other means for connecting the ITE microphone to the BTE device are intended to come within the scope of the present invention. 
     The ITE microphone earhook  22  and BTE device  10  are shown residing on the ear of a user in  FIG. 3 . The microphone assembly  26  preferably resides behind the tragus and directed towards the concha of the ear, with the soundport  30  facing downward and somewhat rearward. Some users may vary location of the microphone assembly  26 , and these variations are intended to come within the scope of the present invention. The soundport  30  receives sound waves and is open to the volume between the earpiece  31  of a communications handset, such as a telephone handset, and the ear of a user. 
     A front view of the ITE microphone earhook  22  is shown in  FIG. 4 , and a cross-sectional view of the ITE microphone earhook  22  taken along line  4 A- 4 A of  FIG. 4  is shown in  FIG. 4A . A mating connector  36  is shown residing in the earhook  24 . Such mating connector may be any connector suitable to electrically and mechanically connect the earhook  24  to the BTE device  10 . Preferably, the mating connector  36  is the mating connector described in the &#39;629 application. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other connectors may be used to connect the earhook  24  to the BTE device  10 , including separate connectors for mechanical and electrical connecting. A microphone  34  resides in the microphone assembly  26 , and is connected by at least one conductor  32  to the mating connector  36 . While the conductor  32  preferably is electrically connected to the mating connector  36 , in other embodiments the conductor  32  may be electrically connected to an electrical connector independent of the mating connector  36 , or may exit the ITE microphone earhook  22  and electrically connect to a connector on the exterior of the BTE device  10 . 
     A cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the ITE microphone earhook  22 , taken along line  4 A- 4 A of  FIG. 4 , is shown in  FIG. 5 . The microphone  34  resides in a sleeve  52 , wherein the sleeve  52  is preferably made from brass. A filter  48  seals the microphone  34  from the environment, while letting sound pass to the microphone  34 . In a preferred embodiment, the microphone  34  comprises an FG Series microphone manufactured by Knowles Electronics Inc. in Itasca, Ill., and preferably an FG3329. The FG3329 microphone is operated in a two wire mode using a bias setting resistor  42 . The at least one conductor  32  comprises three conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c  attached at a distal end of the stalk  28  to three terminals on the FG3329 microphone. One of the three conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c  is electrically connected to a contact  46  in the center of the mating connector  36 , and two of the three conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c  are connected to the bias setting resistor  42 , and to the body of the mating connector  36 . The three conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c  are carried in a single cable  44 , and the cable  44  is wound with two stiffening members  38 , which stiffening members  38  are preferably made from wire, more preferably from zinc or copper. The stiffening members  38  enable the stalk  28  to be bent into a desired shape, and to retain the shape. The wound combination of the cable  44  and the stiffening members  38  is covered by shrink tubing  54 . The stiffening members  38  allow the stalk  28  to be bent into various shapes to better fit a user, and to retain such shapes. The stiffening members  38  are connected to the sleeve  52 . The stiffening members  38  provide the stalk  28  with the ability to be bent and to retain the position into which the stalk  28  is bent. The volume  50  behind the microphone  34  is filled with potting compound to prevent the conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c  from flexing and detaching from the microphone  34  when the stalk  28  is adjusted. The entire assembly including the microphone  34 , sleeve  52 , and conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c,  is covered by a boot  56 , preferably molded from an elastomer. 
     A method of constructing the ITE microphone earhook  22  is as follows. The conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c  are soldered to terminals on the microphone  34  to form a first sub-assembly. The stiffening members  38  are soldered to the sleeve  52  to form a second sub-assembly. The first sub-assembly is inserted into the second sub-assembly, wherein the conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c  are guided into the end of the sleeve  52  opposite the stiffening members  38 , until the end of the microphone  34  opposite the conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c  is flush with the end of the sleeve  52  opposite the stiffening members  38 . The resulting cavity in the sleeve  52  containing the conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c  is filled with potting compound and allowed to cure. (This creates a solid structure of the microphone, cable, sleeve and flexible members so that any bending in the stalk will not be transferred to the solder joints of the conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c  that would weaken and eventually fail the connection.) After curing of the potting compound, the stiffening members  38  and the cable  44  are twisted together as a group to about  3  turns per inch. Shrink tubing  54  is applied over the stiffening members  38  and the cable  44 , up to the base of the sleeve  52 , to form the ITE microphone stalk  28 . The filter  48  is attached to the end of the sleeve  52  opposite the stalk  28  to protect the microphone  34  from moisture. The microphone  34  and stalk  28  assembly is then inserted, stalk  28  first, through the large opening of the microphone boot  56 . The microphone boot  56  will stretch over the sleeve  52  and encapsulate the entire microphone assembly. The curved tube  58  is soldered to the mating connector  36 , and the stalk  28  is inserted into the curved tube  58 . The proper length of the stalk  28  is determined, and the two stiffening members  38  are then soldered to the inside diameter of the mating connector  36  for a mechanical connection. The conductors  32   a,    32   b,  and  32   c  are then soldered to the appropriate terminals of the mating connector  36  and the resistor  42 . After soldering is completed, the volume around the soldered connections is potted with epoxy to cover the connections and the resistor  42  to protect them from damage during the over mold process of the ear hook. The mating connector  36 , curved tube  58 , and adjacent end of the stalk  28  are over molded with a medical grade PVC to form the ear hook to complete the ITE microphone earhook  22 . 
     An ITE microphone for use with BTE ICS systems has been described. The ITE microphone resides within a sealed chamber formed by the telephone, or other communications device, handset earpiece, and the ear. As a result of sealing in the sound waves, the low frequency near field acoustic degradation otherwise experienced by the user are substantially mitigated, and a significant improvement in the quality of the sound perceived by the ICS system user results. The ITE microphone performs equally well with traditional telephones and with low magnetic field phones and cell phones using piezo transducers which do not couple well with telecoils. 
     While the invention herein disclosed has been described by means of specific embodiments and applications thereof, numerous modifications and variations could be made thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention set forth in the claims.