Abstract:
An electrolyte detector is provided that includes two micrometers which slide relative to each other along a frame to adjust the electrolyte detector to a size of the battery. A transmitter rod and a receiver rod support an acoustic transmitter and an acoustic receiver, respectively, and are slidably mounted with respect to the micrometers. The micrometers measure the position of the transmitter and receiver for placement on the side of the battery at a desired level of electrolyte. A transmitter director and receiver director concentrates the transmission and receipt of acoustic energy to locate the electrolyte level. An electronic circuit analyzes the received signal to determine whether the signal is transmitted through air or through an electrolyte.

Description:
STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST 
     The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefore. 
    
    
     CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER PATENT APPLICATIONS 
     None. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to battery electrolyte level testing and, more particularly, to an external apparatus and methods to check battery electrolyte levels. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     It is well known that a wide variety of machines, vehicles, and the like, utilize batteries with electrolyte levels that need to be periodically checked. In lead-acid batteries, during normal operation, sulfuric acid is not lost from the electrolyte of the battery. However, water is lost from the electrolyte due to evaporation and electrolysis during ventilation and charge operations. 
     The water needs to be replaced regularly to ensure that the electrolyte remains at a proper level. The required frequency for adding water may be determined by maintaining a close watch of electrolyte levels. If the battery electrolyte level is too low, the battery may be permanently damaged. When necessary, and if practical, water should be added before a charge operation, preferably before an equalizer. This procedure allows the water to mix with the electrolyte during the charge. 
     Checking the water level on batteries is time-consuming and potentially dangerous due to the need to open the battery caps, and look into the cells to see the level. Sulfuric acid fumes inhalation, spillage, explosions due to hydrogen production, and skin contact with acid are real dangers faced by sailors testing the water level on batteries. 
     The following United States patents describe various prior art systems that may be related to the above and/or other problems. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,280,126, issued Jul. 21, 1981, to White discloses an apparatus for locating the level of a liquid in a closed metallic container having curvilinear walls with a thickness of from ⅛ to ⅜ inch comprising a manually portable transducer having a piezoelectric material for transmitting and receiving sonic waves, and a sonic pulse generator capable of exciting the piezoelectric material to emit sonic signals into the container from a location adjacent the outside wall of such container at a frequency within about 20% of the natural resonate frequency of the container. The apparatus further includes the electronic circuitry necessary for determining that the reception of the sonic signals transmitted into the container is in balance when the transducer is at a location away from the interface of the fluids within the container, and the electronic circuitry necessary for determining the vertical location at which the reception of sonic signals transmitted into the container is no longer balanced as the transducer is manually moved toward the interface of the fluids. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,017,909, issued to May 21, 1991, to Goekler discloses a non-intrusive fluid level detector including a single point capacitive sensor mounted on the outside surface of a receptacle such that capacitive principles can be utilized to sense the level of a liquid contained within the receptacle. The sensor assembly is disposed in a substantially fixed position on the exterior wall of the receptacle wherein the dielectric effect of the liquid changes the effective capacitance of the sensing capacitor as the liquid rises and falls within the receptacle. This change in effective capacitance is detected by electronic circuitry included in the detector device. In one embodiment, the fluid level detector is directly mounted to a completely non-conductive receptacle. In another embodiment, the fluid level detector is mounted to a non-conductive window which is an integral part of a receptacle fabricated out of a conductive material. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,626, issued Jul. 21, 1992, to Limuti et al, discloses nonintrusive sensors capable of measuring various storage cell parameters such as voltage, state-of-charge, electrolyte level, internal resistance, and temperature are attached to a monitoring module which gathers and processes signals representative of information concerning the condition of electrolytic storage cells and transmits the information to a central computer for further processing. In response to commands issued by the central computer, appropriate maintenance and/or repair operations can be initiated. Alternatively, the system described can be used to automatically perform such maintenance tasks as checking and adding electrolyte levels, reducing the voltage in cells whose output voltage is too high, and leveling the state-of-charge of each cell in an array of electrolytic storage cells. The system can monitor other functions of the electrolytic storage cells, including the evolution of hydrogen gas and the accumulation of sediments in individual electrolytic storage cells. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,438,868, issued Aug. 8, 1995, to Holden et al, discloses a noninvasive ultrasonic liquid level indicator for indicating the level of a liquid in a reservoir which comprises an ultrasonic transducer assembly, structures for holding the transducer assembly in a dry coupled attachment with the reservoir at selectable locations against an exterior surface of the reservoir, and a monitor for revealing a change in liquid height. The transducer assembly conveys signals regarding changes in liquid height to a monitor which warns the user in time to add more liquid or replace the reservoir before the liquid supply “runs dry.” The manners for holding the assembly in place include, but are not limited to, a strap, a clamp, or adhesive material, such as tape. These manners allow the user to selectively place the transducer assembly along the reservoir at the desired triggering point. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,880,364, issued Mar. 9, 1999, to Dam discloses a non-contact ultrasonic system for measuring the volume of liquid in a container in which an ultrasonic sensor is disposed opposite the top of the container. A circuit provides pulses of ultrasonic energy for transmission through the air to the air-liquid interface of liquid in the container and for measuring the round trip transit time from the sensor to the interface and back to the sensor. A computer is programmed with dimensional data of the container internal volume and computes the volume of liquid in the container based on the dimensional data and the round trip transit time. The computed volume data is stored. The system can measure the volume of a plurality of containers using a plurality of sensors that are operated in sequence or at the same time or single sensor in which the plurality of sensors are moved relative to the single sensor for the volume of each of the sensors to be sequentially measured. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,227,053, issued May 8, 2001, to Purpura et al, discloses a sensor that emits a plurality of ultrasonic bursts. A rack of containers is transported under the sensor at a slew speed that allows the sensor to detect at least first and second echoes from each of the bursts. Data points, corresponding to each of the first and second echoes, are generated and the data points are captured in a memory device. The data points, generally reflecting the levels of the rack and any containers, are processed to dynamically and non-invasively (i.e., without physically contacting the liquid with a probe) determine information about the container types, whether any container is capped, and, if one or more containers are uncapped, the liquid level in the uncapped containers. This profiling may be used in a variety of devices and is particularly useful in a sample handler in an automated analytical instrument, where the ultrasonic sensor may be positioned above a rack transport mechanism. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,943,566, issued Sep. 13, 2005, to Florin et al, discloses a sensor which is applied to the wall of a container or is integrated into the wall. An alternating voltage is applied to the sensor in order to measure the level of the contents of the container, the capacitance or the electrical field produced being a measure for the fill level. 
     United States Patent Publication No. 2002/0083766, published Jul. 4, 2002, for Hongerholt et al, discloses a built-in test system for an ultrasonic liquid level sensor that includes a transducer assembly having an ultrasonic transducer, and a switch that will be actuated when the ultrasonic transducer is in intimate contact with a surface of a tank in which level is to be determined. Once the switch is actuated to indicate that the ultrasonic transducer is properly coupled to the surface, a test sequence is initiated to determine that the level of ultrasonic transmissions are above a certain desired threshold for a selected period of time, and after which the circuit looks for echoes to determine the depth of the liquid in the tank. Thereafter, the test sequence is repeated for each cycle of level sensing. 
     United States Patent Publication No. 2001/0015099, published Aug. 23, 2001, for Blaine, discloses a disposable sensor for non-invasively detecting and characterizing a container&#39;s contents. By generating microwave frequency signals, electromagnetic fields are produced by a sensor and penetrate a container. The EM fields are analyzed in regards to how they are perturbed by the container contents. Analysis of the perturbed EM fields enables determination of content level, content purity, content density, content temperature, container pressure, content conductivity, and the like. 
     U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0261487, published Nov. 15, 2007, for Sintes et al, discloses a level sensor for providing an indication of liquid level in a container comprising: an ultrasonic transducer for emitting an ultrasonic signal to the surface of the liquid and for detecting a return signal, reflected from the surface, a controller that instructs the transducer to emit ultrasonic signals and receives an indication that a return signal has been detected, the controller comprising a timer for measuring the time period between emission of the ultrasonic signal and receipt of a return signal, the determined time period providing an indication of the liquid level, and a radio transmitter that receives an indication of the liquid level and transmits a radio liquid level signal comprising the level indication to a remote output unit. 
     Extract from Japanese Patent No. 2000-5636041, discloses a supersonic sensor that is made to contact the outer surface of battery case. An ultrasonic wave is transmitted towards a battery case from an ultrasonic element of sensor. The magnitude of ultrasonic wave reflected from an inner surface of battery case is detected to judge liquid level inside battery case. 
     Extract from Japanese Patent No. 2000-205931, discloses a method to inspect the liquid level of a battery liquid by setting the size of an inside surface reflected wave generated in the first place on a boundary surface existing on an inside surface of a battery case as an evaluation index. 
     The above cited prior art does not disclose a suitable and transportable means to acoustically check battery electrolyte levels with micrometer accuracy without opening the cell caps. Consequently, those skilled in the art will appreciate the present invention that addresses the above and other problems. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is a general purpose and primary object of the present invention to provide an improved apparatus and method for checking the electrolyte level in a battery. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a safer and more efficient means for checking the electrolyte level in a battery. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a non-intrusive apparatus and method of checking the electrolyte level to reduce the need to open the caps on the battery. 
     Accordingly, the present invention provides an apparatus for externally checking a level of electrolyte within a battery. The apparatus may comprise elements such as a frame which is engageable with the battery, and a first and second micrometer carried by the frame. The first micrometer and second micrometers may slide along the frame with respect to each other to adjust to a size of the battery. 
     Other elements of the detector may comprise an acoustic transmitter supported on a transmitter rod. The transmitter rod may be slidably mounted with respect to the first micrometer so that the first micrometer is operable to measure a position of the slidable transmitter rod for placement of the acoustic transmitter adjacent to a desired level of electrolyte within the battery. 
     Similarly, an acoustic receiver is supported on a receiver rod. The receiver rod is slidably mounted with respect to the second micrometer so that the second micrometer is operable to measure a position of the slidable receiver rod for placement of the acoustic receiver adjacent the desired level of an electrolyte within the battery. 
     Electronic receiver circuitry is operable to distinguish between an acoustic signal that passes through air indicating a low level of electrolyte within the battery and an acoustic signal that passes through fluid indicating a satisfactory level of electrolyte within the battery. 
     In one embodiment, the electronic receiver circuitry may comprise a first band pass filter and a second band pass filter operably connected to the acoustic receiver. The first band pass filter is operable for passing an electrical signal indicative of a satisfactory level of the electrolyte within the battery. The second band pass filter is be operable for passing an electrical signal indicative of a low level of electrolyte within the battery. 
     The apparatus may further comprise an acoustic transmitter director for directing acoustic transmitter energy. The transmitter director may comprise a first transmitter socket cup positioned adjacent to a second transmitter socket cup. The apparatus may further comprise an acoustic receiver director for the acoustic receiver. The acoustic receiver director may comprise a first receiver socket cup positioned adjacent to a second receiver socket cup. 
     The first transmitter socket cup may be larger in size than the second transmitter socket cup and the first receiver socket cup may be larger in size than the second receiver cup. The second transmitter socket cup and the second receiver socket cup may be positioned for contacting the battery. 
     The first micrometer and the second micrometer may be pivotally mounted to the frame for stowage of the electrolyte level detector in a compact position. The apparatus may further comprise a handle connectable to the transmitter rod and the receiver rod operable for simultaneous movement of the transmitter rod and the receiver rod. 
     The invention also provides a method for making an electrolyte level detector for externally checking a level of electrolyte within a battery. The method may comprise steps such as mounting a first micrometer on a frame, mounting a second micrometer to the frame, and providing that at least one of the first micrometer or the second micrometer is slidable along the frame for adjusting to a size of the battery. 
     Other steps may comprise supporting an acoustic transmitter on a transmitter rod, slidably mounting the transmitter rod with respect to the first micrometer, and providing that the first micrometer is operable to measure a position of the slidable transmitter rod for placement of the acoustic transmitter adjacent a desired level of electrolyte within the battery. 
     The method may further comprise supporting an acoustic receiver on a receiver rod, slidably mounting the receiver rod with respect to the second micrometer, and providing that the second micrometer is operable to measure a position of the slidable receiver rod for placement of the acoustic receiver adjacent the desired level of electrolyte within the battery. 
     Other steps may comprise providing an acoustic transmitter director for the acoustic transmitter, which may comprise a first transmitter socket cup positioned adjacent to a second transmitter socket cup. The method may further comprise providing an acoustic receiver director for the acoustic receiver, which may comprise a first receiver socket cup positioned adjacent to a second receiver socket cup. 
     The method may further comprise providing a first band-pass filter and a second band-pass filter operably-connected to the acoustic receiver wherein the first band-pass filter is operable for passing an electrical signal indicative of a satisfactory level of the electrolyte within the battery and the second band pass filter is operable for passing an electrical signal indicative of a low level of the electrolyte within the battery. 
     The method may further comprise providing that the acoustic transmitter director and the acoustic receiver director are comprised of soft plastic material. Also, the method may further comprise filling the first transmitter socket cup and the first receiver socket cup with acoustic couplant. 
     The method may further comprise providing that the first transmitter socket cup is larger in size than the second transmitter socket cup and/or the first receiver socket cup is larger in size than the second receiver cup. The method may further comprise pivotally mounting the first micrometer and the second micrometer to the frame for compact storage of the electrolyte level detector. 
     The method may further comprise connecting a handle to the transmitter rod and the receiver rod to provide for simultaneous movement of the transmitter rod and the receiver rod. 
     The present invention may be utilized to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and safety of battery maintenance for many machines, vessels, and vehicles including, for example, naval submarines, surface ships, and other military, private, surface, and/or submersible vessels. Accordingly, the present invention has utility for a wide variety of military and civilian batteries including but not limited to secondary batteries, wet cells, water-based batteries, lead-acid batteries and rechargeable batteries. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A more complete understanding of the invention and many of the attendant advantages thereto will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is an elevational view, partially in dashed lines, which shows a battery electrolyte level detector mounted across a pilot cell of a battery in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is an elevational view of the battery electrolyte level detector of  FIG. 1  wherein the battery is shown in a front view in accord with one possible embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is an enlarged elevational view of acoustic transmitter and receiver directivity control elements in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart for operation of a battery electrolyte level detector in accordance with one possible embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 5  is a functional block diagram for a battery electrolyte level detector in accordance with the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring now to the drawings and, more particularly to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , there is shown an electrolyte level detector  10  mounted on across a cell  12  of a battery  14 . The level detector  10  can determine whether the battery  14  has lost water due to evaporation and/or electrolysis by checking a battery electrolyte level  16 . 
       FIG. 5  depicts electronic functional elements  50  of the level detector  10 . These elements include an acoustic receiver  18  and a transmitter  20  which transmits an acoustic signal through a medium  22 , which may be either air or an electrolyte within the battery  14 . A wave generator  24  produces a signal to be transmitted, which is amplified by an amplifier  26  and transmitted by the transmitter  20  through the battery wall into the medium  22 . The receiver  18  receives the signal from the medium  22  through the battery wall. 
     In this embodiment, a frequency differentiator section is utilized to determine whether the sound waves traveled through air or water. However, various circuits, known to those skilled in the art, may be utilized to analyze frequencies, speed, and/or wavelength to determine whether the signal traveled through air or a fluid medium. 
     A detector  28  and an amplifier  30  produce an electrical signal from sound waves and then amplify the detected signal. A sinusoidal signal may be produced by a generator  34  and added to the detected signal in an amplifier  32  to convert the signal to a pulse width modulation signal. The pulse width modulation signal is applied to two band pass filters  36  and  38 , which block unwanted signals and noise but pass either lower frequency signals or higher frequency signals. 
     Lower frequency signals pass through the band pass filter  36  and are detected at circuit  40 . The circuit  40  drives visual or auditory indicators that warn the operator that the acoustic signal traveled through air, which is indicative of a low level of electrolyte. The speed of sound in air is about 342 meters per second depending on ambient temperature. When the circuit  40  recognizes that the signal passed through air, then the circuit may activate an alarm such as piezoelectric speaker  44  and/or red LED  46 . 
     Higher frequency signals are detected at a circuit  42  after passing through the band pass filter  38 . The speed of sound is water is approximately 1500 meters per second depending on ambient temperature. The circuit  42  recognizes that the waveform signal passes through water and may activate a green LED  48  or any other desired indicator to indicate that the electrolyte level is acceptable. With that in mind, and referring again to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the acoustic receiver  18  and the acoustic transmitter  20  are positioned on the sides of the battery  14  at or just below the desired electrolyte level. The acoustic receiver  18  and the acoustic transmitter  20  may be adjusted to a precise level at the sides of the battery  14  by utilizing micrometers  52  and  54 . The micrometers  52  and  54  may be constructed in various ways and may comprise commercially-available micrometers. 
     Transmitter support rod  56  and receiver support rod  58  carry the transmitter  20  and the receiver  18 , respectively. The transmitter support rod  56  and the receiver support rod  58  are slidable up and down to thereby position the transmitter  20  and the receiver  18  at the desired height on the case of the battery  14  relevant to electrolyte level  16  within the battery  14 . In one embodiment, electronic micrometer readouts are utilized such as electronic readout  60  (see  FIG. 2 ) for the transmitter rod  56 . However, scales or the like may be inscribed on the transmitter rod  56  and the receiver rod  58  for manual micrometer measurements. 
     The micrometers  52  and  54  are preferably coated with non-conductive material so as to avoid shock hazards. The micrometers  52  and  54  are preferably slidably-mounted for movement on pins  66  and  68  in slots  62  and  64  along rail members  76  to adjust to different size battery casings. Once the micrometers are placed at the correct position in the slots  62  and  64 ; knobs or tightening means may be utilized with the pins  66  and  68  to threadably tighten or otherwise affix the micrometers at the desired position. End retainers  98  and  100  may be utilized to secure the rail members  76 . If desired, bottom plate member  102  may be utilized to adapt to particular battery shapes and/or provide additional support. 
     The micrometers  52  and  54  may also be pivotally mounted on the pins  66  and  68 , for stowing once an adjustment arm  70  is removed. For example, once the adjustment arm  70  is removed, and the electrolyte level detector  10  is removed from the battery  14 , then the micrometers  52  and  54  may be mounted to pivot on the pins  66  and  68  along the rail members  76  to a position parallel with the rail members to provide a compact electrolyte level detector in a stowed position. 
     The adjustment arm  70  may be utilized to simultaneously move the transmitter support rod  56  and the receiver support rod  58  up and down. The user can check the micrometer readouts to verify that both the transmitter  20  and the receiver  18  are at the correct levels. 
     The desired electrolyte level for each battery type is assumed to be known. In many batteries, it may only be necessary to measure the electrolyte level at pilot cells, which may typically be on the ends of the battery. The adjustment arm  70  may be removable for stowing the electrolyte level detector  10 . In this case, rod holders  72  and  74  may be designed to snap-fit onto the adjustment arm  70  for stowage after the micrometers  52  and  54  are pivoted to the stowed position, as discussed above. 
     Grip  78  may be utilized to carry the electrolyte level detector. The batteries for electronic circuit operation may be mounted in the grip  78  and the electronics housed in cylinder  80 . The grip  78  may be removable. The LEDs  46  and  48  (shown in  FIG. 5 ) and/or the piezoelectric speaker  44  may also be mounted in the grip  78  or the cylinder  80 . 
       FIG. 3  depicts an enlarged view of a preferred transmitter  20  and receiver  18 . In this embodiment, suitable piezoelectric elements may be positioned along the transmitter support rod  56  and the receiver support rod  58  at positions  84  and  86  in which the piezoelectric elements produce and/or receive acoustic energy. 
     In this embodiment, relatively larger socket cups  90  and  92  adjacently connected to relatively smaller socket cups  94  and  96 , respectively, comprise soft plastic material to thereby form acoustic directors. The acoustic directors direct or concentrate the acoustic energy over a relatively small point of contact with the battery  14  for a more precise determination of the location of the electrolyte level. The soft plastic material tends to deaden transmission except through the larger and smaller socket cups. Harder material may be positioned at the contact region between the larger and smaller socket cups to enhance acoustic transmission therebetween. Thus, acoustic energy over the larger area of the relatively larger transmitter socket cup  90  is transferred to a smaller region in the relatively smaller socket cup  94 . 
     Acoustic couplant such as jelly or other acoustically conductive material  88  may be positioned in the relatively larger socket cups  90  and  92 . The relatively smaller socket cups  94  and  96  may be filled with jelly or other acoustically conductive material including water for contact with the battery wall at the time of testing. Various types of acoustic couplant materials are commercially-available for this purpose. This acoustic couplant jelly-like material may be added prior to measurement and/or may be contained within a membrane. 
     The socket cups  90  and  92  have an additional function in that they act as pin-point directors of acoustic energy to more precisely determine the level of the electrolyte. All or most of the acoustic energy is transmitted and received through the socket cups  94  and  96 . The socket cups  94  and  96  are preferably less than one-quarter inch in diameter and may be less than one-eighth of an inch in diameter. Thus, the level of the electrolyte is determinable within less than one-quarter inch or less than one-eighth inch. 
       FIG. 4  shows steps that may be utilized during operation. As indicated at step  102 , the battery  14  may be cleared off or wiped down or cleaned on the outer surfaces for testing. At step  104 , the micrometers  52  and  54  are placed in a vertical position and spaced apart in the slots  62  and  64  to fit onto the battery  14 . Knobs, such as the knobs  66  and  68  are tightened, to secure the micrometers  52  and  54  in the desired position in the slots  62  and  64  along the rails  76 . 
     At step  106 , an adjustment arm  70  may be utilized to simultaneously move the transmitter support rod  56  and the receiver support rod  58  up and down so that the transmitter  20  and receiver  18  are level with each other according to the micrometers. At  108  and step  110 , the operator insures that electrolyte level detector  10  is inserted over the battery  14  at the correct position for checking the electrolyte level of a selected cell. 
     At steps  112  and  114 , the arm  70  is utilized to adjust the transmitter  20  and the receiver  18  up and down to the pre-assigned position. 
     At step  116 , if the green LED lights up, then the battery check is completed as indicated at step  118 . If desired, the electrolyte level detector  10  can then be set to the stowed position as indicated at step  121  by pivoting the micrometers to a position which is level with rails  76  (See  FIG. 2 ). 
     If the green light does not come on, then steps  120  and  122  are used to verify that the transmitter and receiver are activated, such as by checking the on-off switch. If the red light comes on at  124 , then water is added at step  126 . If the red light is not on, then the procedure is repeated—as indicated at step  128 . If the red light comes on, as indicated at  130 , then water is added to the battery as indicated at step  126 . If the green light comes on as per  134 , then the test is ended as indicated at  132 . If at this time, neither the red light nor the green light is on, then there may possibly be a malfunction as indicated at step  136 . This requires checking on procedures, acoustic coupling, the circuitry In  FIG. 1  (a bypass switch  49  is provided to ensure that any electrical equipment such as batteries or the LED  46  and  48  are operating properly), and the like. Steps of adding electrolyte may be repeated as necessary until the green light comes on. Because the battery level can be quickly checked without opening the battery in many cases, the present invention provides a safer and faster way of checking electrolyte levels. 
     It will be understood that the electrolyte level detector  10  can be modified in various ways. For example, in one possible embodiment, the number of acoustic sensors may be increased, such as by utilizing a wiring harness. The circuitry for the acoustic sensors may be connected to a central computer processor to analyze and monitor multiple batteries simultaneously. Thus, monitoring can be either accomplished remotely instead of through physical contacts. 
     In one possible example, if nine (9) batteries need to be monitored, a three-by-three switchboard matrix with a wiring harness connecting each electrolyte level detector could be assembled. A two-way circuit, which allows each detector to be selected via the switch matrix, would result in a red or green light indication for each battery. If the color is red, water, is needed, and if it is green, then no action is required. 
     In another embodiment, a single transducer positioned on one side of the battery could perform the same task as the receiver and transmitter discussed hereinbefore, but with a less accuracy. In such a design, a return signal would be a reverberation. To produce reverberation, an insulated metal plate might be positioned opposite the transducer on the other side of the battery. The frequency speed concept leads to the same results, but as mentioned, the accuracy is degraded. 
     Many additional changes in the details, components, steps, and organization of the system, herein described and illustrated to explain the nature of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art within the principle and scope of the invention. It is therefore understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.