Abstract:
The present invention is related to a method and apparatus for setting a power limit for high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) services. In a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of cells, each cell supports transmissions via at least a dedicated channel (DCH) and a HSDPA channel and is subject to a maximum downlink transmission power limit. In accordance with one embodiment, a radio network controller (RNC) estimates a ratio between the average total downlink transmission power level used by DCHs and the average total downlink transmission power level used by HSDPA services in each cell and sets the maximum HSDPA transmission power limit based on the estimated ratio. In accordance with another embodiment, the RNC estimates an average total power consumed by DCHs in the cell and sets the maximum HSDPA transmission power limit by subtracting the average total power consumed by DCHs from the maximum downlink transmission power level of the cell.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/678,648 filed May 6, 2005, which is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth. 
     
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION  
       [0002]     The present invention is related to wireless communication systems. More particularly, the present invention is related to a method and apparatus for setting a power limit for high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) services.  
       BACKGROUND  
       [0003]     In a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), HSDPA is implemented for high speed data transmissions. With HSDPA services, data is buffered and scheduled for transmission by a Node-B. Since the Node-B can make decisions and manage downlink radio resources on a short-term basis more efficiently than a radio network controller (RNC), the Node-B is responsible for scheduling transmission of data packets to wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs). However, the RNC still retains coarse overall control of the Node-Bs so that the RNC can perform functions such as call admission control and congestion control.  
         [0004]     In order to retain the coarse overall control of the cells, the RNC needs to limit the effect of scheduling of HSDPA by the Node-B within a predetermined range. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a method for controlling the total power that can be used for a high speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) in the cells.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0005]     The present invention is related to a method and apparatus for setting a power limit for HSDPA services. In a wireless communication system comprising a plurality of cells, each cell supports transmissions via a dedicated channel (DCH) and an HSDPA channel and is subject to a maximum downlink transmission power limit. In accordance with one embodiment, an RNC estimates a ratio between the average total downlink transmission power level used by DCHs and the average total downlink transmission power level used by HSDPA channels in each cell and sets the maximum HSDPA transmission power limit based on the estimated ratio. In accordance with another embodiment, the RNC estimates an average total power consumed by DCHs in the cell and sets the maximum HSDPA transmission power limit of the cell by subtracting the average total power consumed by DCHs from the maximum downlink transmission power level of the cell. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0006]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a wireless communication system.  
         [0007]      FIG. 2  is a flow diagram of a process for setting a maximum transmission power limit for HSDPA services in a cell in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0008]      FIG. 3  is a flow diagram of a process for setting a maximum transmission power limit for HSDPA services in a cell in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0009]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram of an RNC in accordance with the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0010]     Hereafter, the terminology “WTRU” includes but is not limited to a user equipment, a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a pager, or any other type of device capable of operating in a wireless environment. When referred to hereafter, the terminology “Node-B” includes but is not limited to a base station, a site controller, an access point or any other type of interfacing device in a wireless environment.  
         [0011]     The features of the present invention may be incorporated into an integrated circuit (IC) or be configured in a circuit comprising a multitude of interconnecting components.  
         [0012]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a wireless communication system  100 . The wireless communication system comprises a plurality of cells  108   1 - 108   n . WTRUs  102  are served by a Node-B  104   1 - 104   n  in each cell  108   1 - 108   n  and the Node-Bs  104   1 - 104   n  are controlled by an RNC  106 . The wireless communication system  100  is configured to provide both regular DCH services and HSDPA services. The RNC  106  sets a maximum allowable transmit power for downlink transmissions of each Node-B  104   1 - 104   n  and a maximum allowable transmit power for HS-DSCH transmissions.  
         [0013]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram of an RNC  106  in accordance with the present invention. The RNC  106  comprises an estimator  110  and a HSDPA configuration unit  112 . Of course, those of skill in the art would realize that there are many other components in a typical RNC. However, only those components that are specifically relevant to the RNC  106  of the present invention have been shown in  FIG. 4 . In accordance with one embodiment, the estimator  110  estimates a ratio between total downlink transmission power level used by DCH transmissions and total downlink transmission power level used for HS-DSCH transmissions, and the HSDPA configuration unit  112  sets the maximum transmission power limit for the HS-DSCH transmissions based on the estimated ratio. In accordance with another embodiment, the estimator  110  estimates an average total power consumed by DCHs in the cell and the HSDPA configuration unit  112  sets the maximum transmission power limit for the HS-DSCH transmissions of the cell by subtracting the average total power consumed by DCHs from the maximum downlink transmission power level of the cell.  
         [0014]     With a proper power setting for HS-DSCH transmissions, the RNC  106  can keep coarse overall control of the cells and the cell resources can be utilized more efficiently for both regular DCHs and HS-DSCHs.  
         [0015]     In accordance with the present invention, the total power setting for all HS-DSCHs is determined by taking the following factors into consideration: 
        Expected load of regular DCH traffic, which is preferably determined by: 
            a required energy per bit to noise ratio;     a data rate; and     an activity factor. Activity factor is a term, well known to those skilled in the art that the ratio of actual channel utilization in time of a service type. For example, the activity factor of voice service is about 40%, which means the channel is actually occupied 40% of the time by the voice user.    
            Expected load of HSDPA traffic, which is preferably determined by: 
            possible modulation and coding schemes (MCS) and average probability that each MCS is applied;     a required energy per bit to noise ratio of each MCS;     a data rate of each MCS; and     an activity factor.    
            Maximum transmit power of the Node-B (or associated base station) in the downlink.     The fact that the total power used by regular DCHs is not limited, but only the total power used by HS-DSCHs is limited. That is, sometimes the power left for HS-DSCHs after downlink transmit power for regular DCHs are allocated may be less than the limit set by the RNC.        
 
         [0027]      FIG. 2  is a flow diagram of a process  200  for setting a maximum transmission power limit for HSDPA services in a cell in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The estimator  110  of the RNC  106  estimates a ratio between total downlink transmission power level used by DCHs and total downlink transmission power level used by HSDPA channels in each cell (step  202 ). The HSDPA configuration unit  112  of the RNC  106  sets the maximum HSDPA transmission power limit out of the maximum downlink transmission power level of the cell based on the estimated ratio (step  204 ).  
         [0028]     The algorithm for setting the transmit power limit for HSDPA services is explained in detail hereinafter. Suppose that there are N users with regular DCH services in a frequency division duplex (FDD) system, the average downlink transmit power of user i is defined as follows:  
                     Power   DL     ⁡     (   i   )       _     =         N   0     ·   W   ·     PL   _     ·     v   i     ·           (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     ·     R   i       W           (     1   -   α   +       η   dl     _       )     ·     (     1   -       ∑     i   =   1     N     ⁢       v   i     ·           (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     ·     R   i       W           )           ;           Equation   ⁢           ⁢     (   1   )               
 
 where W is the chip rate, {overscore (PL)} is the average downlink path loss, N 0  is the background noise, R i  is the data rate of user i, (E b /N 0 ) i  is the required energy per bit to noise ratio, v i  is the activity factor of user i, α is the average orthogonality between downlink codes, and {overscore (η dl )} is the average inter-to-intra cell interference ratio in the downlink. 
 
         [0029]     In accordance with equation (1), the ratio between average downlink transmit power of two users i and j (of different services) is given by:  
                     Power   DL     ⁡     (   i   )       _           Power   DL     ⁡     (   j   )       _       =           v   i     ·       (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     ·     R   i           v   j     ·       (       E   b     /     N   0       )     j     ·     R   j         .             Equation   ⁢           ⁢     (   2   )               
 
         [0030]     In the case of both regular DCH and HSDPA services in the UMTS-FDD systems, based on the statistics of traffic in the cell, it is known that there are N DCH  regular DCH users and N HSDPA  HSDPA users in the cell on average. Assume that there are K possible modulation and coding schemes (MCSs), (denoted by 1, 2, . . . , K), for HSDPA services. Let R i,k  denotes the data rate of user i when MCS k is used, and (E b /N 0 ) i,k  denotes the required energy per bit to noise ratio of user i when MCS k is used. The probability that a MCS k is applied for HSDPA is denoted by P(k). The value of P(k) depends on the characteristics of the radio channel.  
         [0031]     The average required energy per bit to noise ratio of user i with HSDPA services is defined as follows:  
                     (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     _     =       ∑     k   =   1     K     ⁢       P   ⁡     (   k   )       ·       (       E   b     /     N   0       )       i   ,   k             ;           Equation   ⁢           ⁢     (   3   )               
 
 and the average data rate of user i with HSDPA services is defined as follows:  
                 R   i     _     =       ∑     k   =   1     K     ⁢       P   ⁡     (   k   )       ·       R     i   ,   k       .                 Equation   ⁢           ⁢     (   4   )               
 
         [0032]     Based on Equation 2, the ratio between the average total power used by regular DCHs and the average total power used by HSDPA services is derived as follows:  
                   Power   DCH     _         Power   HSDPA     _       =           ∑     i   =   1       N   DCH       ⁢       v   i     ·       (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     ·     R   i             ∑     j   =   1       N   HSDPA       ⁢       v   j     ·         (       E   b     /     N   0       )     j     _     ·       R   j     _           .             Equation   ⁢           ⁢     (   5   )               
 
         [0033]     It is preferable to set the limit of total transmit power that can be used by all HS-DSCHs, denoted by Power max     —     HSDPA , according to the ratio in equation (5). The maximum allowable transmit power of the Node-B in the downlink is P max     —     BS . Then, Power max     —     HSDPA  is given by:  
                     Power     max_   ⁢   HSDPA       =           Power   HSDPA     _           Power   HSDPA     _     ⁢           +           ⁢       Power   DCH     _         ·     P     max_   ⁢   BS                       =             ⁢           ∑     j   ⁢           =           ⁢   1       N   HSDPA       ⁢           ⁢       v   j     ·         (       E   b     /     N   0       )     j     _     ·           ⁢       R   j     _               ∑     j   ⁢           =           ⁢   1       N   HSDPA       ⁢           ⁢       v   j     ·           ⁢         (       E   b     /     N   0       )     j     _     ·       R   j     _         ⁢           +           ⁢       ∑     i   ⁢           =           ⁢   1       N   DCH       ⁢           ⁢       v   i     ·           ⁢       (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     ·     R   i             ·                 =       P     max_   ⁢   BS       .                   Equation   ⁢           ⁢     (   6   )               
 
         [0034]     Given that the total downlink transmit power used for regular DCHs is not limited, but only the total downlink transmit power used for HS-DSCHs is limited, (which means regular DCHs have preemptive priorities over HS-DSCHs in power usage), a margin is preferably applied to the transmit power limit for HSDPA services obtained in Equation (6). Therefore, the maximum power limit for HSDPA services is given by:  
                 Power     max_   ⁢   HSDPA       =       (           ∑     j   =   1       N   HSDPA       ⁢       v   j     ·         (       E   b     /     N   0       )     j     _     ·       R   j     _                     ∑     j   =   1       N   HSDPA       ⁢       v   j     ·         (       E   b     /     N   0       )     j     _     ·       R   j     _         +                 ∑     i   =   1       N   DCH       ⁢       v   i     ·       (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     ·     R   i                 ·     P     max_   ⁢   BS         )     ·   M       ;           Equation   ⁢           ⁢     (   7   )               
 
 where M is the margin whose value is a design parameter. 
 
         [0035]      FIG. 3  is a flow diagram of a process  300  for setting a maximum transmission power limit for HSDPA services in a cell in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The estimator  110  of the RNC  106  estimates an average total power consumed by DCHs in each cell (step  302 ). The HSDPA configuration unit  112  of the RNC  106  sets the maximum HSDPA transmission power limit of the cell by subtracting the average total power consumed by DCHs from the maximum allowable downlink transmission power level of the cell (step  304 ).  
         [0036]     The algorithm for setting the transmit power limit for HSDPA services is explained in detail hereinafter. Suppose that there are N users with regular DCH services in an FDD system (without considering HSDPA services), the average downlink transmit power of user i is defined as follows:  
                     Power   DL     ⁡     (   i   )       _     =         N   0     ·   W   ·     PL   _     ·     v   i     ·           (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     ·     R   i       W           (     1   -   α   +       η   dl     _       )     ·     (     1   -       ∑     i   =   1     N     ⁢       v   i     ·           (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     ·     R   i       W           )           ;           Equation   ⁢           ⁢     (   8   )               
 
 where W is the chip rate, {overscore (PL)} is the average downlink path loss, N 0  is the background noise, R i  is the data rate of user i, (E b /N 0 ) i  is the required energy per bit to noise ratio, v i  is the activity factor of user i, α is the average orthogonality between downlink codes, and {overscore (η dl )} is the average inter-to-intracell interference ratio in the downlink. 
 
         [0037]     In cases when both regular DCH and HSDPA services are provided, based on the statistics of traffic in the cell, it is known that there are N DCH  regular DCH users and N HSDPA  HSDPA users in the cell on average. Assume that there are K possible MCSs for HSDPA services. R i,k  denotes the data rate of user i when MCS k is used, and (E b /N 0 ) i,k  denotes the required energy per bit to noise ratio of user i when MCS k is used. The probability that MCS k is applied for HSDPA is denoted by P(k). The value of P(k) depends on the characteristics of the radio channel. The average required energy per bit to noise ratio of user i with HSDPA services is defined as follows:  
                     (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     _     =       ∑     k   =   1     K     ⁢       P   ⁡     (   k   )       ·       (       E   b     /     N   0       )       i   ,   k             ;           Equation   ⁢           ⁢     (   9   )               
 
 and the average data rate of user i with HSDPA services is defined as follows:  
                 R   i     _     =       ∑     k   =   1     K     ⁢       P   ⁡     (   k   )       ·       R     i   ,   k       .                 Equation   ⁢           ⁢     (   10   )               
 
         [0038]     Thus, the average total transmit power consumed by regular DCHs is given by:  
                 Power   DCH     _     =         N   0     ·   W   ·     PL   _     ·       ∑     i   =   1       N   DCH       ⁢       v   i     ·           (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     ·     R   i       W               (     1   -   α   +       η   dl     _       )     ·     (           1   -       ∑     i   =   1       N   DCH       ⁢       v   i     ·           (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     ·     R   i       W         -                 ∑     i   =   1       N   HSDPA       ⁢       v   i     ·             (       E   b     /     N   0       )     i     _     ·       R   i     _       W               )                 Equation   ⁢           ⁢     (   11   )               
 
         [0039]     The maximum allowed transmit power of the base station in the downlink is P max     —     BS . Since regular DCHs have preemptive priorities over HSDPA in power usage, it is preferable to set the limit of total power that can be used by all HS-DSCHs, denoted by Power max     —     HSDPA , as follows: 
 
Power max     —     HSDPA   =P   max     —     BS −{overscore (Power DCH )}.   Equation (12) 
 
         [0040]     Optionally, a margin can be applied to the transmit power limit for HSDPA services obtained in equation (12).  
         [0041]     The present invention is applicable to both UMTS-FDD systems and UMTS-time division duplex (TDD) systems. The downlink of UMTS-TDD system is similar to the UMTS-FDD system, except for the difference in the time slot structure and the multiuser detection (MUD) receiver. Therefore, the embodiment applied for the FDD system can be applied to the TDD system with the following two changes: First, the chip rate of the system in FDD systems, W, should be replaced by the equivalent chip rate in a time slot in TDD systems. Thus, if there are S time slots in TDD systems, the equivalent chip rate in a time slot is equal to W/S.  
         [0042]     Second, the average orthogonality between downlink codes in FDD systems, α, should be replaced by the MUD efficiency factor, (percentage of intracell interference that can be cancelled), in the downlink of TDD systems.  
         [0043]     Although the features and elements of the present invention are described in the preferred embodiments in particular combinations, each feature or element can be used alone without the other features and elements of the preferred embodiments or in various combinations with or without other features and elements of the present invention.