Abstract:
In this conductive sheet and touch panel, a laminated conductive sheet is configured by laminating: a first conductive sheet having a first conductive pattern configured from a plurality of first sensor units; and a second conductive sheet having a second conductive pattern configured from a plurality of second sensor units. The first sensor units have: a band-shaped section extending in a direction approximately perpendicular to one direction; and a jutting section that juts from both sides of the band-shaped section in the one direction. The second sensor units are formed in a manner so as to approximately fill the regions demarcated by the band-shaped section and the jutting section.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS AND PRIORITY CLAIM 
       [0001]    This application is a Continuation of International Application No. PCT/JP2012/062127 filed on May 11, 2012, which was published under PCT Article 21(2) in Japanese, which is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-108418 filed on May 13, 2011, the contents all of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a conductive sheet and a touch panel suitable for use in a projected capacitive touch panel. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0003]    Transparent conductive sheets containing thin metal wires have been studied as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0229028, International Publication No. 2006/001461, etc. 
         [0004]    Touch panels have attracted much attention in recent years. The touch panel has currently been used mainly in small devices such as PDAs (personal digital assistants) and mobile phones, and is expected to be used in large devices such as personal computer displays. 
         [0005]    A conventional electrode for the touch panel is composed of ITO (indium tin oxide) and therefore has a high resistance. Thus, when the conventional electrode is used in the large device in the above future trend, the large-sized touch panel has a low current transfer rate between the electrodes, and thereby exhibits a low response speed (a long time between finger contact and touch position detection). 
         [0006]    A large number of lattices made of thin wires of a metal (thin metal wires) can be arranged to form an electrode with a lowered surface resistance. Touch panels using the electrode of the thin metal wires are known from Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 05-224818, International Publication No. 1995/27334, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0239650, U.S. Pat. No. 7,202,859, International Publication No. 1997/18508, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-099185, International Publication No. 2005/121940, etc. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0007]    The touch panel electrode of the thin metal wires has problems with transparency and visibility because the thin metal wires are composed of an opaque material as described in the above documents such as Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 05-224818. 
         [0008]    In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a conductive sheet and a touch panel, which can have an electrode containing a pattern of less-visible, thin metal wires, a high transparency, a high visibility, and improved detection sensitivity. 
         [0009]    [1] A conductive sheet according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises a first conductive part and a second conductive part, stacked with a substrate interposed therebetween. The first conductive part contains two or more first conductive patterns arranged in one direction, the first conductive patterns being composed of thin metal wires. The second conductive part contains two or more second conductive patterns arranged in another direction approximately perpendicular to the one direction, the second conductive patterns being composed of thin metal wires. The first conductive patterns each contain two or more first sensing portions connected with each other, the first sensing portions being composed of thin metal wires. The second conductive patterns each contain two or more second sensing portions connected with each other, the second sensing portions being composed of thin metal wires. The first and second sensing portions each contain a plurality of small lattices arranged. The first sensing portions each contain a strip and protrusions, the strip extends in the other direction approximately perpendicular to the one direction, and the protrusions extend from both sides of the strip in the one direction. The second sensing portions each cover most of a region surrounded by the strip and the protrusions. As viewed from above, the overlaps of the first and second conductive patterns each contain a combination of a plurality of the small lattices. 
         [0010]    [2] In the first aspect, a width of the strip may be smaller a length of the strip. 
         [0011]    [3] In the first aspect, a length of the protrusion may be at least ½ of the width of the strip. 
         [0012]    [4] In the first aspect, a width of the protrusion may be at most ½ of the length of the protrusion. 
         [0013]    [5] In the first aspect, a length of the second sensing portion in the other direction perpendicular to the one direction may be 0.5 to 2 times as large as a length of the second sensing portion in the one direction. 
         [0014]    [6] In the first aspect, the protrusions in two adjacent first sensing portions may be arranged facing each other. 
         [0015]    [7] In the first aspect, it is preferred that the small lattices have a side length of 30 to 500 μm, and the thin metal wires have a line width of 15 μm or less. 
         [0016]    [8] In the first aspect, it is preferred that the substrate has a thickness of 50 to 350 μm. 
         [0017]    [9] A touch panel according to a second aspect of the present invention comprises a conductive sheet, which is used on a display panel. The conductive sheet contains a first conductive part and a second conductive part, stacked with a substrate interposed therebetween. The first conductive part contains two or more first conductive patterns arranged in one direction, the first conductive patterns being composed of thin metal wires. The second conductive part contains two or more second conductive patterns arranged in another direction approximately perpendicular to the one direction, the second conductive patterns being composed of thin metal wires. The first conductive patterns each contain two or more first sensing portions connected with each other, the first sensing portions being composed of thin metal wires. The second conductive patterns each contain two or more second sensing portions connected with each other, the second sensing portions being composed of thin metal wires. The first and second sensing portions each contain a plurality of small lattices arranged. The first sensing portions each contain a strip and protrusions, the strip extends in the other direction approximately perpendicular to the one direction, and the protrusions extend from both sides of the strip in the one direction. The second sensing portions each cover most of a region surrounded by the strip and the protrusions. As viewed from above, the overlaps of the first and second conductive patterns each contain a combination of a plurality of the small lattices. 
         [0018]    [10] In the second aspect, a width of the strip may be smaller than a length of the strip. 
         [0019]    [11] In the second aspect, a length of the protrusion may be at least ½ of the width of the strip. 
         [0020]    [12] In the second aspect, a width of the protrusion may be at most ½ of the length of the protrusion. 
         [0021]    [13] In the second aspect, a length of the second sensing portion in the other direction perpendicular to the one direction may be 0.5 to 2 times as large as a length of the second sensing portion in the one direction. 
         [0022]    [14] In the second aspect, the protrusions in the adjacent first sensing portions may be arranged facing each other. 
         [0023]    [15] In the second aspect, it is preferred that the small lattices have a side length of 30 to 500 μm, and the thin metal wires have a line width of 15 μm or less. 
         [0024]    [16] In the second aspect, it is preferred that the substrate has a thickness of 50 to 350 μm. 
         [0025]    The conductive sheet and the touch panel of the present invention can have the electrodes containing the patterns of less visible thin metal wires, a high transparency, a high visibility, and an improved detection sensitivity. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0026]      FIG. 1  is an exploded perspective view of a touch panel having a conductive sheet stack containing a conductive sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0027]      FIG. 2  is a partial exploded perspective view of the conductive sheet stack; 
           [0028]      FIG. 3A  is a partial cross-sectional view of an example of the conductive sheet stack, and  FIG. 3B  is a partial cross-sectional view of another example of the conductive sheet stack; 
           [0029]      FIG. 4  is a plan view of a pattern example of a first conductive part formed on a first conductive sheet in the conductive sheet stack; 
           [0030]      FIG. 5  is an explanatory view for illustrating sizes (aspect ratios) of a first large lattice (a first sensing portion) and a first unit pattern; 
           [0031]      FIG. 6  is a plan view of a pattern example of a second conductive part formed on a second conductive sheet in the conductive sheet stack; 
           [0032]      FIG. 7  is an explanatory view for illustrating sizes (aspect ratios) of a second large lattice (a second sensing portion) and a second unit pattern; 
           [0033]      FIG. 8  is a partial plan view of the conductive sheet stack formed by combining the first and second conductive sheets; 
           [0034]      FIG. 9  is an explanatory view of one line formed by first and second auxiliary wires; 
           [0035]      FIG. 10  is a flow chart of a both-side exposure method for producing the conductive sheet stack; 
           [0036]      FIG. 11A  is a partial cross-sectional view of a produced photosensitive material, and  FIG. 11B  is an explanatory view for illustrating simultaneous both-side exposure of the photosensitive material; and 
           [0037]      FIG. 12  is an explanatory view for illustrating first and second exposure treatments performed such that a light incident on a first photosensitive layer does not reach a second photosensitive layer and a light incident on the second photosensitive layer does not reach the first photosensitive layer. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0038]    An embodiment of the conductive sheet and the touch panel having the sheet of the present invention will be described below with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 12 . It should be noted that, in this description, a numeric range of “A to B” includes both the numeric values A and B as the lower limit and upper limit values. 
         [0039]    A touch panel  50  having a conductive sheet according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to  FIG. 1 . 
         [0040]    The touch panel  50  has a sensor body  52  and a control circuit such as an integrated circuit (not shown). The sensor body  52  contains a conductive sheet stack according to this embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the conductive sheet stack  54 ) and thereon a protective layer  56 . The conductive sheet stack  54  and the protective layer  56  can be disposed on a display panel  58  of a display device  30  such as a liquid crystal display. As viewed from above, the sensor body  52  has a sensing region  60  corresponding to a display screen  58   a  of the display panel  58  and a terminal wiring region  62 A,  62 B (a so-called frame) corresponding to the periphery of the display panel  58 . 
         [0041]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the conductive sheet stack  54  is provided by stacking a first conductive sheet  10 A and a second conductive sheet  10 B. 
         [0042]    As shown in  FIGS. 2 ,  3 A, and  4 , the first conductive sheet  10 A has a first conductive part  14 A formed on one main surface of a first transparent substrate  12 A (see  FIG. 3A ). The first conductive part  14 A contains two or more first conductive patterns  64 A (mesh patterns) and first auxiliary patterns  66 A. The first conductive patterns  64 A extend in a horizontal direction (an m direction), are arranged in a vertical direction (an n direction) perpendicular to the horizontal direction, each contain a large number of lattices (sensing portions), and are composed of thin metal wires  16 . The first auxiliary patterns  66 A are arranged around the first conductive patterns  64 A and are composed of the thin metal wires  16 . For example, the horizontal direction (the m direction) corresponds to the horizontal or vertical direction of the projected capacitive touch panel  50  or the display panel  58  equipped therewith. In this example, small lattices  74  have a smallest rhombus shape in the drawings. The small lattice  74  may appropriately have an angle of 60° to 120° between a first oblique direction (an x direction) and a second oblique direction (a y direction). The side length of the small lattice  74  is preferably 30 to 500 μm, more preferably 50 to 400 μm, particularly preferably 100 to 350 μm. 
         [0043]    The thin metal wire  16  contains, for example, gold (Au), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu). The lower limit of the line width of the thin metal wire  16  may be 0.1 μm or more, and is preferably 1 μm or more, 3 μm or more, 4 μm or more, or 5 μm or more. The upper limit of the line width is preferably 15 μm or less, 10 μm or less, 9 μm or less, or 8 μm or less. When the line width is less than the lower limit, the thin metal wire  16  has an insufficient conductivity, whereby the touch panel  50  using the thin metal wire  16  has insufficient detection sensitivity. On the other hand, when the line width is more than the upper limit, moire is significantly generated due to the thin metal wires  16 , and the touch panel  50  using the thin metal wire  16  has a poor visibility. When the line width is within the above range, the moire generated due to the thin metal wire  16  is improved, and the visibility is remarkably improved. It is preferred that at least the first transparent substrate  12 A has a thickness of 50 μm or more and to 350 μm or less. The thickness is further preferably 75 μm or more and 250 μm or less, particularly preferably 100 μm or more and 200 μm or less. 
         [0044]    The first conductive pattern  64 A contains two or more first large lattices (first sensing portions)  68 A, which are connected in series in the horizontal direction (the m direction). The first large lattice  68 A contains a combination of two or more small lattices  74 . The first auxiliary pattern  66 A is disposed around a side of the first large lattice  68 A, and is not connected to the first large lattice  68 A. 
         [0045]    The first large lattice  68 A contains a strip  70  extending in the horizontal direction, and further contains protrusions  72  extending from the longitudinal center  70   a  of the strip  70  toward the adjacent first large lattices  68 A. 
         [0046]    The width (the length in the short direction) of the strip  70  is equal to the integral multiple of the length of the vertical diagonal line of the small lattice  74 . In the example of  FIG. 4 , in the strip  70 , the ends  70   b  have the largest width (which is 4 times as large as the length of the vertical diagonal line of the small lattice  74 ), the center  70   a  has the second largest width (which is 3 times as large as the length), and a portion between the end  70   b  and the center  70   a  has the smallest width (which is equal to the length). Thus, the width of the strip  70  may vary within a certain range. The maximum/minimum ratio between the maximum and minimum values of the width may be 1 or more and 5 or less, preferably 1 or more and 4 or less. 
         [0047]    The length of the strip  70  (the length Wa between the ends  70   b ) is larger than the width of the strip  70  (the width Ha of the center  70   a ). The length Wa is preferably at least 1.2 times, more preferably at least 1.5 times, further preferably at least 2 times, larger than the width Ha. In this case, the strip  70  can have an excellent conductivity to transmit a signal charge stored in the protrusion  72  at high speed, so that the detection sensitivity can be improved. 
         [0048]    In the strip  70 , projecting sides  71 , which each correspond to one side of the small lattice  74 , extend in the first or second oblique direction between the end  70   b  and the center  70   a.    
         [0049]    The protrusion  72  extends in the vertical direction, and the length La of the protrusion  72  is at least ½ of the width Ha of the center  70   a  in the strip  70 . The length La is preferably ½ or more and 10 or less times, more preferably 1 or more and 5 or less times, as large as the width Ha. The width Lb of the protrusion  72  in the horizontal direction is at most ½ of the length La of the protrusion  72 . The width Lb is preferably 1/10 or more and ½ or less, more preferably 1/10 or more and ⅓ or less, of the length La. In this case, the protrusion  72  can act as an electrode to store a signal charge corresponding to a touch position of a finger (or an input pen). The shape of the protrusion  72  is not limited to the example of  FIG. 5 . A plurality of protrusions may further extend from the protrusion  72 , and the end of the protrusion  72  may be branched to form a bifurcated geometric shape. The shapes of second large lattices (second sensing portions)  68 B to be hereinafter described may be selected depending on the shape of the protrusion  72 . 
         [0050]    As shown in  FIG. 4 , first connections  80 A composed of the thin metal wires  16  are formed between the first large lattices  68 A, and each adjacent two of the first large lattices  68 A arranged in the horizontal direction are connected by the first connection  80 A. The first connection  80 A contains first medium lattices  82 A,  84 A. The size of the first medium lattice  82 A corresponds to the total size of n small lattices  74  (in which n is an integer larger than 1) arranged in the first oblique direction. The size of the first medium lattice  84 A corresponds to the total size of p×q small lattices  74  (in which p and q are each an integer larger than 1). Thus, the first medium lattice  84 A is provided such that p small lattices  74  are arranged in the first oblique direction and q small lattices  74  are arranged in the second oblique direction. In the example of  FIG. 4 , n is 7, and the size of the first medium lattice  82 A corresponds to the total size of seven small lattices  74  arranged in the first oblique direction. Furthermore, p is 3 in the first oblique direction, q is 5 in the second oblique direction, and the size of the first medium lattice  84 A corresponds to the total size of fifteen small lattices  74 . 
         [0051]    In addition, first disconnection portions  86 A are disposed between the adjacent first conductive patterns  64 A arranged in the vertical direction. The first large lattices  68 A in the adjacent first conductive patterns  64 A are isolated from each other by the first disconnection portions  86 A. The first disconnection portions  86 A are located between the ends of the protrusions  72  of the adjacent first conductive patterns  64 A. Thus, the protrusions  72  in the adjacent first conductive patterns  64 A are arranged facing each other, and the first disconnection portions  86 A are sandwiched by the protrusions  72  of the adjacent first conductive patterns  64 A. 
         [0052]    In the first conductive part  14 A, the first auxiliary patterns  66 A are arranged around the first large lattices  68 A, and are isolated from the first large lattices  68 A. The first auxiliary pattern  66 A contains first L-shaped patterns  90 A. Each first L-shaped pattern  90 A is provided by combining two or more first auxiliary wires  88 A (having an axis direction parallel to the first or second oblique direction) into an L-shape. 
         [0053]    The length of the first auxiliary wire  88 A is smaller than the side length of the small lattice  74 . In the example of  FIG. 4 , the length of the first auxiliary wire  88 A is approximately half of the side length of the small lattice  74 . 
         [0054]    As shown in  FIG. 4 , the first L-shaped patterns  90 A are formed along the strip  70  or the protrusion  72 . The first L-shaped patterns  90 A formed along the strip  70  are arranged in the horizontal direction, and the first L-shaped patterns  90 A formed along the protrusion  72  are arranged in the vertical direction. In the vicinity of the ends of the protrusions  72 , the first L-shaped patterns  90 A are arranged facing each other in the horizontal direction, and the first disconnection portion  86 A is sandwiched by the first L-shaped patterns  90 A. 
         [0055]    Thus, the first conductive part  14 A has the first conductive patterns  64 A and the first auxiliary patterns  66 A. The first conductive patterns  64 A each contain the first large lattices  68 A connected by the first connections  80 A in the horizontal direction, and are arranged in the vertical direction. The first auxiliary patterns  66 A are arranged along the first large lattices  68 A in the first conductive patterns  64 A. The patterns are regularly arranged, and thus first unit patterns  92 A are repeatedly arranged in the first conductive part  14 A. Then, the first unit pattern  92 A will be specifically described below with reference to  FIG. 5 . The first unit pattern  92 A contains one first large lattice  68 A, the first connection  80 A connected to one end  70   b  of the strip  70  in this first large lattice  68 A, and the first auxiliary pattern  66 A arranged around this first large lattice  68 A. In the horizontal direction, the other end  70   b  of the strip  70  in this first large lattice  68 A is at a distance Lva from one end of the first connection  80 A (the end connected with the adjacent first large lattice  68 A). In the vertical direction, the end of one protrusion  72  in this first large lattice  68 A is at a distance Lha from the end of one protrusion  72  in the adjacent first large lattice  68 A (the end facing the other protrusion  72  in this first large lattice  68 A). The size of the first unit pattern  92 A can be represented using the distances Lva and Lha. 
         [0056]    In this case, the size, i.e. the aspect ratio (Lva/Lha), of the first unit pattern  92 A satisfies the condition of 0.57&lt;Lva/Lha&lt;1.74. 
         [0057]    In a case where the horizontal direction (the m direction) is equal to the pixel arrangement direction of the display device  30  having the touch panel  50  (see  FIG. 1 ), the aspect ratio (Lva/Lha) of the first unit pattern  92 A satisfies the condition of 0.57&lt;Lva/Lha&lt;1.00 or 1.00&lt;Lva/Lha&lt;1.74, and more preferably satisfies the condition of 0.62&lt;Lva/Lha&lt;0.81 or 1.23&lt;Lva/Lha&lt;1.61. 
         [0058]    The lower limit of each of the horizontal distance Lva and the vertical distance Lha in the first unit pattern  92 A is preferably 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, or 4 mm or more, and the upper limit thereof is preferably 16 mm or less, 12 mm or less, or 8 mm or less. When the distance Lva or Lha is less than the lower limit, the first large lattice  68 A in the unit pattern exhibits a lowered electrostatic capacitance in a touch panel in the detection process, and the touch panel is likely to cause a detection trouble. On the other hand, when the distance Lva or Lha is more than the upper limit, the position detection accuracy may be deteriorated. 
         [0059]    For the same reasons, the side length of the small lattice  74  in the first large lattice  68 A is preferably 30 to 500 μm, more preferably 50 to 400 μm, particularly preferably 100 to 350 μm, most preferably 150 to 300 μm, as described above. As long as the side length of the small lattice  74  falls within this range, the first conductive sheet  10 A has a high transparency and thereby can be suitably used at the front of the display device  30  with excellent visibility. 
         [0060]    As shown in  FIG. 2 , in the first conductive sheet  10 A having the above structure, in one end of each first conductive pattern  64 A, the first connection  80 A is not disposed on the open end of the first large lattice  68 A. In the other end of the first conductive pattern  64 A, the end of the first large lattice  68 A is connected to a first terminal wiring pattern  96   a  composed of the thin metal wire  16  by a first wire connection  94   a.    
         [0061]    Thus, as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , in the first conductive sheet  10 A used in the touch panel  50 , a large number of the above first conductive patterns  64 A are arranged in the sensing region  60 , and a plurality of the first terminal wiring patterns  96   a  extend from the first wire connections  94   a  in the terminal wiring region  62 A. 
         [0062]    In the example of  FIG. 1 , the first conductive sheet  10 A and the sensing region  60  each have a rectangular shape as viewed from above. In the terminal wiring region  62 A, a plurality of first terminals  98   a  are arranged in the longitudinal center in the length direction of the periphery on one long side of the first conductive sheet  10 A. The first wire connections  94   a  are arranged in a straight line in the n direction along one long side of the sensing region  60  (a long side closest to the one long side of the first conductive sheet  10 A). The first terminal wiring pattern  96   a  extends from each first wire connection  94   a  to the center of the one long side of the first conductive sheet  10 A, and is connected to the corresponding first terminal  98   a.    
         [0063]    The first conductive pattern  64 A is not limited to the example using the first large lattices  68 A. For example, the first conductive pattern  64 A may be provided such that a large number of the small lattices  74  are arranged to form a strip-shaped mesh pattern, and a plurality of the mesh patterns are arranged in parallel and are isolated from each other by insulations. For example, two or more of strip-shaped first conductive patterns  64 A may each extend from a terminal in the m direction and may be arranged in the n direction. Alternatively, a plurality of strip-shaped mesh patterns may extend from each terminal. Furthermore, the first auxiliary pattern  66 A may be parallel to the first conductive pattern  64 A, and may be a mesh pattern of a part of the small lattice  74 . In this case, the first auxiliary pattern  66 A may be connected with or separated from the first conductive pattern  64 A. 
         [0064]    As shown in  FIGS. 2 ,  3 A, and  6 , the second conductive sheet  10 B has a second conductive part  14 B formed on one main surface of a second transparent substrate  12 B (see  FIG. 3A ). The second conductive part  14 B contains two or more second conductive patterns  64 B and second auxiliary patterns  66 B. The second conductive patterns  64 B extend in the vertical direction (the n direction), are arranged in the horizontal direction (the m direction), each contain a large number of lattices (sensing portions), and are composed of the thin metal wires  16 . The second auxiliary patterns  66 B are arranged around the second conductive patterns  64 B and are composed of the thin metal wires  16 . 
         [0065]    The second conductive pattern  64 B contains two or more second large lattices (second sensing portions)  68 B, which are connected in series in the vertical direction (the n direction). The second large lattice  68 B contains a combination of two or more small lattices  74 . The second auxiliary pattern  66 B is disposed around a side of the second large lattice  68 B, and is not connected to the second large lattice  68 B. 
         [0066]    The second large lattice  68 B has an approximately rectangular shape containing two horizontal sides  76  and two vertical sides  77 . The length Wb of the horizontal side  76  (the width Wb of the second large lattice  68 B) is 0.5 or more and 2 or less times, more preferably 0.6 or more and 1.8 or less times, further preferably 0.7 or more and 1.5 or less times, as large as the length Hb of the vertical side  77  (the height Hb of the second large lattice  68 B). In the example of  FIG. 6 , the vertical side  77  has a cut portion  79  provided by removing a part of the small lattice  74 . 
         [0067]    As shown in  FIG. 6 , second connections  80 B composed of the thin metal wires  16  are formed between the second large lattices  68 B, and each adjacent two of the second large lattices  68 B arranged in the vertical direction are connected by the second connection  80 B. The second connection  80 B contains second medium lattices  82 B,  84 B. The size of the second medium lattice  82 B corresponds to the total size of n small lattices  74  (in which n is an integer larger than 1) arranged in the second oblique direction (the y direction). The size of the second medium lattice  84 B corresponds to the total size of p×q small lattices  74  (in which p and q are each an integer larger than 1). Thus, the second medium lattice  84 B is such that p small lattices  74  are arranged in the first oblique direction and q small lattices  74  are arranged in the second oblique direction. In the example of  FIG. 6 , n is 7, and the size of the second medium lattice  82 B corresponds to the total size of seven small lattices  74  arranged in the second oblique direction. Furthermore, p is 5 in the first oblique direction, q is 3 in the second oblique direction, and the size of the second medium lattice  84 B corresponds to the total size of fifteen small lattices  74 . 
         [0068]    In addition, second disconnection portions  86 B are disposed between the adjacent second conductive patterns  64 B arranged in the horizontal direction. The second large lattices  68 B in the adjacent second conductive patterns  64 B are isolated from each other by the second disconnection portions  86 B. 
         [0069]    In the second conductive part  14 B, the second auxiliary patterns  66 B are arranged around the second large lattices  68 B, and are isolated from the second large lattices  68 B. The second auxiliary pattern  66 B contains a second auxiliary wire  88 B having an axis direction parallel to the first or second oblique direction, and further contains a chain pattern  97  arranged along the vertical side  77  in the second disconnection portion  86 B. 
         [0070]    The length of the second auxiliary wire  88 B is smaller than the side length of the small lattice  74 . In the example of  FIG. 6 , the length of the second auxiliary wire  88 B is approximately half of the side length of the small lattice  74 . 
         [0071]    A cross-shaped pattern  93  is located in the vicinity of each of four corners of the approximately rectangular second large lattice  68 B. The chain pattern  97  extends along the vertical side  77  of the second large lattice  68 B, and a cross-shaped portion  97   a  is formed in the center thereof. The cross-shaped portion  97   a  on one chain pattern  97  is connected with the cross-shaped portion  97   a  on another chain pattern  97  arranged facing the cut portion  79  in the adjacent second large lattice  68 B, to form one or more small lattices  74 . In the example of  FIG. 6 , one small lattice  74  is formed by two cross-shaped portions  97   a.    
         [0072]    Thus, the second conductive part  14 B has the second conductive patterns  64 B and the second auxiliary patterns  66 B. The second conductive patterns  64 B each contain the second large lattices  68 B connected by the second connections  80 B in the vertical direction, and are arranged in the horizontal direction. The second auxiliary patterns  66 B are arranged along the approximately rectangular shapes of the second large lattices  68 B in the second conductive patterns  64 B. The patterns are regularly arranged, and thus second unit patterns  92 B are repeatedly arranged in the second conductive part  14 B. Then, the second unit pattern  92 B will be specifically described below with reference to  FIG. 7 . The second unit pattern  92 B contains one second large lattice  68 B, the second connection  80 B connected to one horizontal side  76  of this second large lattice  68 B, and the second auxiliary pattern  66 B arranged around this second large lattice  68 B. In the vertical direction, the other horizontal side  76  of this second large lattice  68 B is at a distance Lvb from one end of the second connection  80 B (the end connected with the adjacent second large lattice  68 B). 
         [0073]    The end of the cross-shaped portion  97   a  facing one vertical side  77  is at a distance Lhb from the end of the cross-shaped portion  97   a  facing the other vertical side  77 . The size of the second unit pattern  92 B can be represented using the distances Lvb and Lhb. 
         [0074]    In this case, the size, i.e. the aspect ratio (Lvb/Lhb), of the second unit pattern  92 B satisfies the condition of 0.57&lt;Lvb/Lhb&lt;1.74. 
         [0075]    In a case where the vertical direction (the n direction) is equal to the pixel arrangement direction of the display device  30  having the touch panel  50  (see  FIG. 1 ), the aspect ratio (Lvb/Lhb) of the second unit pattern  92 B satisfies the condition of 0.57&lt;Lvb/Lhb&lt;1.00 or 1.00&lt;Lvb/Lhb&lt;1.74, and more preferably satisfies the condition of 0.62&lt;Lvb/Lhb&lt;0.81 or 1.23&lt;Lvb/Lhb&lt;1.61. 
         [0076]    The lower limit of each of the vertical distance Lvb and the horizontal distance Lhb in the second unit pattern  92 B is preferably 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, or 4 mm or more, and the upper limit thereof is preferably 16 mm or less, 12 mm or less, or 8 mm or less. When the distance Lvb or Lhb is less than the lower limit, the second large lattice  68 B in the unit pattern exhibits a lowered electrostatic capacitance in the touch panel  50  in the detection process, and the touch panel  50  is likely to cause a detection trouble. On the other hand, when the distance Lva or Lha is more than the upper limit, the position detection accuracy may be deteriorated. 
         [0077]    For the same reasons, the side length of the small lattice  74  in the second large lattice  68 B is preferably 50 μm or more, more preferably 100 to 400 μm, further preferably 150 to 300 μm, most preferably 210 to 250 μm, as described above. As long as the side length of the small lattice  74  falls within this range, the second conductive sheet  10 B has a high transparency and thereby can be suitably used at the front of the display device  30  with excellent visibility. 
         [0078]    For example, as shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , in the second conductive sheet  10 B having the above structure, in one end of each alternate (odd-numbered) second conductive pattern  64 B and in the other end of each even-numbered second conductive pattern  64 B, the second connection  80 B is not formed on the open end of the second large lattice  68 B. In the other end of each odd-numbered second conductive pattern  64 B and in one end of each even-numbered second conductive pattern  64 B, the end of the second large lattice  68 B is connected to a second terminal wiring pattern  96   b  composed of the thin metal wire  16  by a second wire connection  94   b.    
         [0079]    Thus, as shown in  FIG. 2 , in the second conductive sheet  10 B used in the touch panel  50 , a large number of the second conductive patterns  64 B are arranged in the sensing region  60 , and a plurality of the second terminal wiring patterns  96   b  extend from the second wire connections  94   b  in the terminal wiring region  62 B. 
         [0080]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , in the terminal wiring region  62 B, a plurality of second terminals  98   b  are arranged in the longitudinal center in the length direction of the periphery on one long side of the second conductive sheet  10 B. For example, the odd-numbered second wire connections  94   b  are arranged in a straight line in the m direction along one short side of the sensing region  60  (a short side closest to one short side of the second conductive sheet  10 B), and the even-numbered second wire connections  94   b  are arranged in a straight line in the m direction along the other short side of the sensing region  60  (a short side closest to the other short side of the second conductive sheet  10 B). 
         [0081]    For example, each odd-numbered second conductive pattern  64 B is connected to the corresponding odd-numbered second wire connection  94   b , and each even-numbered second conductive pattern  64 B is connected to the corresponding even-numbered second wire connection  94   b . The second terminal wiring patterns  96   b  extend from the odd-numbered and even-numbered second wire connections  94   b  to the center of one long side of the second conductive sheet  10 B, and are each connected to the corresponding second terminal  98   b.    
         [0082]    The second conductive pattern  64 B is not limited to the example using the second large lattices  68 B. For example, the second conductive pattern  64 B may be provided such that a large number of the small lattices  74  are arranged to form a strip-shaped mesh pattern, and a plurality of the mesh patterns are arranged in parallel and are isolated from each other by insulations. For example, two or more of strip-shaped second conductive patterns  64 B may each extend from a terminal in the n direction and may be arranged in the m direction. Alternatively, a plurality of strip-shaped mesh patterns may extend from each terminal. Furthermore, the second auxiliary pattern  66 B may be parallel to the second conductive pattern  64 B, and may be a mesh pattern of a part of the small lattice  74 . In this case, the second auxiliary pattern  66 B may be connected with or separated from the second conductive pattern  64 B. 
         [0083]    The first terminal wiring patterns  96   a  may be arranged in the same manner as the above second terminal wiring patterns  96   b , and the second terminal wiring patterns  96   b  may be arranged in the same manner as the above first terminal wiring patterns  96   a . The line widths of the first terminal wiring patterns  96   a  and the second terminal wiring patterns  96   b  may be equal to or different from those of the first conductive patterns  64 A and the second conductive patterns  64 B. It is preferred that the first conductive patterns  64 A, the second conductive patterns  64 B, the first auxiliary patterns  66 A, and the second auxiliary patterns  66 B have the same line width. 
         [0084]    For example, as shown in  FIG. 8 , when the first conductive sheet  10 A is stacked on the second conductive sheet  10 B to form the conductive sheet stack  54 , the first conductive patterns  64 A and the second conductive patterns  64 B are crossed. Specifically, the first connections  80 A of the first conductive patterns  64 A and the second connections  80 B of the second conductive patterns  64 B are arranged facing each other with the first transparent substrate  12 A (see  FIG. 3A ) interposed therebetween, and also the first disconnection portions  86 A of the first conductive part  14 A and the second disconnection portions  86 B of the second conductive part  14 B are arranged facing each other with the first transparent substrate  12 A interposed therebetween. 
         [0085]    As shown in  FIG. 8 , when the conductive sheet stack  54  is observed from above, the spaces between the first large lattices  68 A of the first conductive sheet  10 A are filled with the second large lattices  68 B of the second conductive sheet  10 B. 
         [0086]    In this case, the first connections  80 A and the second connections  80 B overlap with each other. Thus, the first medium lattices  82 A and the second medium lattices  82 B overlap with each other, and the first medium lattices  84 A and the second medium lattices  84 B overlap with each other, to form approximately rectangular combined patterns  100 . In the combined pattern  100 , the first medium lattice  82 A and the second medium lattice  82 B are located on the diagonal lines. The combined pattern  100 , which is formed by the first connection  80 A and the second connection  80 B shown in  FIGS. 5 and 7 , contains twenty-five small lattices  74  in total. Thus, in the combined pattern  100 , seven small lattices  74  are arranged on each diagonal line, and four small lattices  74  are arranged on each of four sides. 
         [0087]    Furthermore, between the first large lattices  68 A and the second large lattices  68 B, the first auxiliary patterns  66 A and the second auxiliary patterns  66 B overlap with each other to form combined patterns  102 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , in the combined pattern  102 , a first axis  104 A of the first auxiliary wire  88 A corresponds to a second axis  104 B of the second auxiliary wire  88 B, the first auxiliary wire  88 A does not overlap with the second auxiliary wire  88 B, and an end of the first auxiliary wire  88 A corresponds to an end of the second auxiliary wire  88 B, whereby one side of the small lattice  74  (mesh shape) is formed. For example, in the combined pattern  102 , which is formed by the first auxiliary pattern  66 A and the second auxiliary pattern  66 B shown in  FIGS. 5 and 7 , an end of the first L-shaped pattern  90 A along the strip  70  corresponds to an end of the cross-shaped pattern  93  in the second auxiliary pattern  66 B. Furthermore, the cut portion  79  on the vertical side  77  of the second large lattice  68 B is compensated by the first L-shaped pattern  90 A, arranged along the protrusion  72 , in the first auxiliary pattern  66 A. 
         [0088]    Therefore, the combined patterns  100  and  102  each contain a combination of two or more small lattices  74  (mesh shapes). Consequently, as shown in  FIG. 8 , when the conductive sheet stack  54  is observed from above, the entire surface is covered with a large number of the small lattices  74  (mesh shapes). 
         [0089]    When the conductive sheet stack  54  is used in the touch panel  50 , the protective layer  56  is formed on the first conductive sheet  10 A, and the first terminal wiring patterns  96   a  extending from the first conductive patterns  64 A in the first conductive sheet  10 A and the second terminal wiring patterns  96   b  extending from the second conductive patterns  64 B in the second conductive sheet  10 B are connected to a scan control circuit or the like. 
         [0090]    A self or mutual capacitance technology can be preferably used for detecting the touch position. In the self capacitance technology, a voltage signal for the touch position detection is sequentially supplied to the first conductive patterns  64 A, and further a voltage signal for the touch position detection is sequentially supplied to the second conductive patterns  64 B. When a finger comes into contact with or close to the upper surface of the protective layer  56 , the capacitance between the first conductive pattern  64 A and the second conductive pattern  64 B in the touch position and the GND (ground) is increased, whereby signals from this first conductive pattern  64 A and this second conductive pattern  64 B have waveforms different from those of signals from the other conductive patterns. Thus, the touch position is calculated by a control circuit based on the signals transmitted from the first conductive pattern  64 A and the second conductive pattern  64 B. On the other hand, in the mutual capacitance technology, for example, a voltage signal for the touch position detection is sequentially supplied to the first conductive patterns  64 A, and the second conductive patterns  64 B are sequentially subjected to sensing (transmitted signal detection). When a finger comes into contact with or close to the upper surface of the protective layer  56 , the parallel stray capacitance of the finger is added to the parasitic capacitance between the first conductive pattern  64 A and the second conductive pattern  64 B in the touch position, whereby a signal from this second conductive pattern  64 B has a waveform different from those of signals from the other second conductive patterns  64 B. Thus, the touch position is calculated by a control circuit based on the order of the first conductive pattern  64 A supplied with the voltage signal and the signal transmitted from the second conductive pattern  64 B. Even when two fingers come into contact with or close to the upper surface of the protective layer  56  simultaneously, the touch positions can be detected by using the self or mutual capacitance technology. Conventional related detection circuits used in the projected capacitive technologies are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,582,955, 4,686,332, 4,733,222, 5,374,787, 5,543,588, and 7,030,860, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004/0155871, etc. 
         [0091]    In the above conductive sheet stack  54 , as shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3A , the first conductive part  14 A is formed on the one main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A, the second conductive part  14 B is formed on the one main surface of the second transparent substrate  12 B. Alternatively, as shown in  FIG. 3B , the first conductive part  14 A may be formed on the one main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A, and the second conductive part  14 B may be formed on the other main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A. In this case, the second transparent substrate  12 B is not used, the first transparent substrate  12 A is stacked on the second conductive part  14 B, and the first conductive part  14 A is stacked on the first transparent substrate  12 A. In addition, another layer may be disposed between the first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B. The first conductive patterns  64 A and the second conductive patterns  64 B may be arranged facing each other as long as they are insulated. 
         [0092]    The strip  70  and the protrusions  72  in the first large lattice  68 A have relatively thin shapes, and the second large lattice  68 B has a relatively wide, approximately rectangular shape. Therefore, the occupation area of the second large lattices  68 B is larger than that the occupation area of the first large lattices  68 A. Thus, the occupation area of the second conductive patterns  64 B closer to the display device  30  is larger than that of the first conductive patterns  64 A. 
         [0093]    In general, the second conductive patterns  64 B, which are located closer to the display device  30 , can act to reduce noise impact of an electromagnetic wave. Thus, a skin current flows in a particular direction to block an electric-field component of the electromagnetic wave, and an eddy current flows in a particular direction to block a magnetic-field component of the electromagnetic wave, whereby the noise impact of the electromagnetic wave can be reduced. In the conductive sheet stack  54 , since the occupation area of the second conductive patterns  64 B closer to the display device  30  is larger than that of the first conductive patterns  64 A, the second conductive patterns  64 B can have a low surface resistance of 70 ohm/sq or less. Consequently, the conductive sheet stack  54  is advantageous in the reduction of the noise impact of the electromagnetic wave from the display device  30  or the like. 
         [0094]    As described above, the occupation area of the second large lattices  68 B is larger than that of the first large lattices  68 A. Therefore, in the case of using the self capacitance technology for the finger touch position detection, though the second conductive patterns  64 B are positioned at a longer distance from the touch position, the second conductive patterns  64 B having a relatively larger area can store a large amount of signal charge in the same manner as the first conductive patterns  64 A, and the second conductive patterns  64 B can exhibit a detection sensitivity approximately equal to that of the first conductive patterns  64 A. Thus, the burden of signal processing can be reduced, and the detection accuracy can be improved. In the case of using the mutual capacitance technology for the finger touch position detection, the second conductive patterns  64 B having the larger occupation area can be used as drive electrodes, the first conductive patterns  64 A can be used as receiving electrodes, and the first conductive patterns  64 A can exhibit a high receiving sensitivity. Furthermore, even in a case where the first conductive patterns  64 A partially overlap with the second conductive patterns  64 B to form a parasitic capacitance, since the first transparent substrate  12 A has a thickness of 50 μm or more and 350 μm or less, the increase of the parasitic capacitance can be prevented, and the reduction of the detection sensitivity can be prevented. 
         [0095]    Consequently, even in the case of using the patterns of the thin metal wires  16  in the electrodes, the thin metal wires  16  are less visible, and the first conductive sheet  10 A, the second conductive sheet  10 B, and the conductive sheet stack  54  can have a high transparency, an improved S/N ratio of detection signal, an improved detection sensitivity, and an improved detection accuracy. 
         [0096]    When the first conductive patterns  64 A have an occupation area A1 and the second conductive patterns  64 B have an occupation area A2, the occupation areas preferably satisfy the condition of 1&lt;A2/A1≦20, more preferably satisfy the condition of 1&lt;A2/A1≦10, and particularly preferably satisfy the condition of 2≦A2/A1≦10. 
         [0097]    When the first large lattices  68 A have an occupation area a1 and the second large lattices  68 B have an occupation area a2, the occupation areas preferably satisfy the condition of 1&lt;a2/a1≦20, more preferably satisfy the condition of 1&lt;a2/a1≦10, and particularly preferably satisfy the condition of 2≦a2/a1≦10. 
         [0098]    The sizes of the first large lattice  68 A and the second large lattice  68 B are not particularly limited as long as they can satisfactorily detect the touch position of the human finger or input pen. 
         [0099]    Though the small lattice  74  has a rhombic shape in the above example, it may have another triangle or polygonal shape. The triangle shape can be easily formed e.g. by disposing a straight thin metal wire  16  on a diagonal line of the rhombus of the small lattice  74 . Each side of the small lattice  74  may have a straight line shape, a curved shape, or an arc shape. In the case of using arc-shaped sides, for example, two opposite sides may have an outwardly protruding arc shape, and the other two opposite sides may have an inwardly protruding arc shape. Alternatively, each side may have a wavy shape containing outwardly protruding arcs and inwardly protruding arcs arranged continuously. Of course, each side may have a sine curve shape. 
         [0100]    Also the sizes of the small lattices  74  (including the side lengths and the diagonal line lengths), the number of the small lattices  74  in the first large lattice  68 A, and the number of the small lattices  74  in the second large lattice  68 B may be appropriately selected depending on the size and the resolution (the line number) of the touch panel  50 . 
         [0101]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , first alignment marks  106   a  and second alignment marks  106   b  are preferably formed on the corners etc. of the first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B. The first alignment marks  106   a  and the second alignment marks  106   b  are used for positioning the first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B in the process of bonding the sheets. When the first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B are bonded to obtain the conductive sheet stack  54 , the first alignment marks  106   a  and the second alignment marks  106   b  form composite alignment marks. The composite alignment marks may be used for positioning the conductive sheet stack  54  in the process of being attached to the display panel  58 . 
         [0102]    Though the first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B are used in the projected capacitive touch panel  50  in the above example, they may be used in a surface capacitive touch panel or a resistive touch panel. 
         [0103]    In the above conductive sheet stack  54 , as shown in  FIG. 3A , the first conductive part  14 A is formed on the one main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A, the second conductive part  14 B is formed on the one main surface of the second transparent substrate  12 B, and they are stacked. Alternatively, as shown in  FIG. 3B , the first conductive part  14 A may be formed on the one main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A, and the second conductive part  14 B may be formed on the other main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A. In this case, the second transparent substrate  12 B is not used, the first transparent substrate  12 A is stacked on the second conductive part  14 B, and the first conductive part  14 A is stacked on the first transparent substrate  12 A. In addition, another layer may be disposed between the first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B. The first conductive part  14 A and the second conductive part  14 B may be arranged facing each other as long as they are insulated. 
         [0104]    The first conductive part  14 A and the second conductive part  14 B may be formed as follows. For example, a photosensitive material having the first transparent substrate  12 A or the second transparent substrate  12 B and thereon a photosensitive silver halide-containing emulsion layer may be exposed and developed, whereby metallic silver portions and light-transmitting portions may be formed in the exposed areas and the unexposed areas respectively to obtain the first conductive part  14 A and the second conductive part  14 B. The metallic silver portions may be subjected to a physical development treatment and/or a plating treatment to deposit a conductive metal thereon. 
         [0105]    As shown in  FIG. 3B , the first conductive part  14 A may be formed on the one main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A, and the second conductive part  14 B may be formed on the other main surface thereof. In this case, when the one main surface is exposed and then the other main surface is exposed in the usual method, the desired patterns cannot be obtained on the first conductive part  14 A and the second conductive part  14 B occasionally. In particular, it is difficult to uniformly form the first auxiliary patterns  66 A between the first conductive patterns  64 A, the second auxiliary patterns  66 B between the second conductive patterns  64 B, and the like as shown in  FIGS. 4 and 6 , etc. 
         [0106]    Therefore, the following production method can be preferably used. 
         [0107]    Thus, the first conductive part  14 A on the one main surface and the second conductive part  14 B on the other main surface can be formed by subjecting the photosensitive silver halide emulsion layers on both sides of the first transparent substrate  12 A to one-shot exposure. 
         [0108]    A specific example of the production method will be described below with reference to  FIGS. 10 to 12 . 
         [0109]    First, in step S 1  of  FIG. 10 , a long photosensitive material  140  is prepared. As shown in  FIG. 11A , the photosensitive material  140  has the first transparent substrate  12 A, a photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer formed on one main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A (hereinafter referred to as the first photosensitive layer  142   a ), and a photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer formed on the other main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A (hereinafter referred to as the second photosensitive layer  142   b ). 
         [0110]    In step S 2  of  FIG. 10 , the photosensitive material  140  is exposed. In this exposure step, a simultaneous both-side exposure, which includes a first exposure treatment for irradiating the first photosensitive layer  142   a  on the first transparent substrate  12 A with a light in a first exposure pattern and a second exposure treatment for irradiating the second photosensitive layer  142   b  on the first transparent substrate  12 A with a light in a second exposure pattern, is carried out. In the example of  FIG. 11B , the first photosensitive layer  142   a  is irradiated through a first photomask  146   a  with a first light  144   a  (a parallel light), and the second photosensitive layer  142   b  is irradiated through a second photomask  146   b  with a second light  144   b  (a parallel light), while conveying the long photosensitive material  140  in one direction. The first light  144   a  is arranged such that a light from a first light source  148   a  is converted to the parallel light by an intermediate first collimator lens  150   a , and the second light  144   b  is arranged such that a light from a second light source  148   b  is converted to the parallel light by an intermediate second collimator lens  150   b . Though two light sources (the first light source  148   a  and the second light source  148   b ) are used in the example of  FIG. 11B , only one light source may be used. In this case, a light from the one light source may be divided by an optical system into the first light  144   a  and the second light  144   b  for exposing the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the second photosensitive layer  142   b.    
         [0111]    In step S 3  of  FIG. 10 , the exposed photosensitive material  140  is developed to prepare e.g. the conductive sheet stack  54  shown in  FIG. 3B . The conductive sheet stack  54  has the first transparent substrate  12 A, the first conductive part  14 A formed in the first exposure pattern on the one main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A, and the second conductive part  14 B formed in the second exposure pattern on the other main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A. Preferred exposure time and development time for the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the second photosensitive layer  142   b  depend on the types of the first light source  148   a , the second light source  148   b , and a developer, etc., and cannot be categorically determined. The exposure time and development time may be selected in view of achieving a development ratio of 100%. 
         [0112]    As shown in  FIG. 12 , in the first exposure treatment in the production method of this embodiment, for example, the first photomask  146   a  is placed in close contact with the first photosensitive layer  142   a , the first light source  148   a  is arranged facing the first photomask  146   a , and the first light  144   a  is emitted from the first light source  148   a  toward the first photomask  146   a , so that the first photosensitive layer  142   a  is exposed. The first photomask  146   a  has a glass substrate composed of a transparent soda glass and a mask pattern (a first exposure pattern  152   a ) formed thereon. Therefore, in the first exposure treatment, areas in the first photosensitive layer  142   a , corresponding to the first exposure pattern  152   a  in the first photomask  146   a , are exposed. A space of approximately 2 to 10 μm may be formed between the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the first photomask  146   a.    
         [0113]    Similarly, in the second exposure treatment, for example, the second photomask  146   b  is placed in close contact with the second photosensitive layer  142   b , the second light source  148   b  is arranged facing the second photomask  146   b , and the second light  144   b  is emitted from the second light source  148   b  toward the second photomask  146   b , so that the second photosensitive layer  142   b  is exposed. The second photomask  146   b , as well as the first photomask  146   a , has a glass substrate composed of a transparent soda glass and a mask pattern (a second exposure pattern  152   b ) formed thereon. Therefore, in the second exposure treatment, areas in the second photosensitive layer  142   b , corresponding to the second exposure pattern  152   b  in the second photomask  146   b , are exposed. In this case, a space of approximately 2 to 10 μm may be formed between the second photosensitive layer  142   b  and the second photomask  146   b.    
         [0114]    In the first and second exposure treatments, the emission of the first light  144   a  from the first light source  148   a  and the emission of the second light  144   b  from the second light source  148   b  may be carried out simultaneously or independently. When the emissions are simultaneously carried out, the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the second photosensitive layer  142   b  can be simultaneously exposed in one exposure process to reduce the treatment time. 
         [0115]    In a case where both of the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the second photosensitive layer  142   b  are not spectrally sensitized, a light incident on one side may affect the image formation on the other side (the back side) in the both-side exposure of the photosensitive material  140 . 
         [0116]    Thus, the first light  144   a  from the first light source  148   a  reaches the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and is scattered by silver halide particles in the first photosensitive layer  142   a , and a part of the scattered light is transmitted through the first transparent substrate  12 A and reaches the second photosensitive layer  142   b . Then, a large area of the boundary between the second photosensitive layer  142   b  and the first transparent substrate  12 A is exposed to form a latent image. As a result, the second photosensitive layer  142   b  is exposed to the second light  144   b  from the second light source  148   b  and the first light  144   a  from the first light source  148   a . When the second photosensitive layer  142   b  is developed to prepare the conductive sheet stack  54 , the conductive pattern corresponding to the second exposure pattern  152   b  (the second conductive part  14 B) is formed, and additionally a thin conductive layer is formed due to the first light  144   a  from the first light source  148   a  between the conductive pattern, so that the desired pattern (corresponding to the second exposure pattern  152   b ) cannot be obtained. This is true also for the first photosensitive layer  142   a.    
         [0117]    As a result of intense research in view of solving this problem, it has been found that when the thicknesses and the applied silver amounts of the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the second photosensitive layer  142   b  are selected within particular ranges, the incident light can be absorbed by the silver halide to suppress the light transmission to the back side. In this embodiment, the thicknesses of the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the second photosensitive layer  142   b  may be 1 μm or more and 4 μm or less. The upper limit is preferably 2.5 μm. The applied silver amounts of the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the second photosensitive layer  142   b  may be 5 to 20 g/m 2 . 
         [0118]    In the above described contact both-side exposure technology, the exposure may be inhibited by dust or the like attached to the sheet surface to generate an image defect. It is known that the dust attachment can be prevented by applying a conductive substance such as a metal oxide or a conductive polymer to the sheet. However, the metal oxide or the like remains in the processed product, deteriorating the transparency of the final product, and the conductive polymer is disadvantageous in storage stability, etc. As a result of intense research, it has been found that a silver halide layer with reduced binder content exhibits a satisfactory conductivity for static charge prevention. Thus, the volume ratio of silver/binder is controlled in the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the second photosensitive layer  142   b . The silver/binder volume ratios of the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the second photosensitive layer  142   b  are 1/1 or more, preferably 2/1 or more. 
         [0119]    In a case where the thicknesses, the applied silver amounts, and the silver/binder volume ratios of the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the second photosensitive layer  142   b  are selected as described above, the first light  144   a  emitted from the first light source  148   a  to the first photosensitive layer  142   a  does not reach the second photosensitive layer  142   b  as shown in  FIG. 12 . Similarly, the second light  144   b  emitted from the second light source  148   b  to the second photosensitive layer  142   b  does not reach the first photosensitive layer  142   a . As a result, in the following development for producing the conductive sheet stack  54 , as shown in  FIG. 3B , only the conductive pattern corresponding to the first exposure pattern  152   a  (the pattern of the first conductive part  14 A) is formed on the one main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A, and only the conductive pattern corresponding to the second exposure pattern  152   b  (the pattern of the second conductive part  14 B) is formed on the other main surface of the first transparent substrate  12 A, so that the desired patterns can be obtained. 
         [0120]    In the production method using the above one-shot both-side exposure, the first photosensitive layer  142   a  and the second photosensitive layer  142   b  can have both of the satisfactory conductivity and both-side exposure suitability, and the same or different patterns can be formed on the surfaces of the one first transparent substrate  12 A by the exposure, whereby the electrodes of the touch panel  50  can be easily formed, and the touch panel  50  can be made thinner (smaller). 
         [0121]    In the above production method, the first conductive part  14 A and the second conductive part  14 B are formed using the photosensitive silver halide emulsion layers. The other production methods include the following methods. 
         [0122]    A photosensitive layer to be plated containing a pre-plating treatment material may be formed on the first transparent substrate  12 A and the second transparent substrate  12 B. The resultant layer may be exposed and developed, and may be subjected to a plating treatment, whereby metal portions and light-transmitting portions may be formed in the exposed areas and the unexposed areas respectively to form the first conductive part  14 A and the second conductive part  14 B. The metal portions may be further subjected to a physical development treatment and/or a plating treatment to deposit a conductive metal thereon. 
         [0123]    The following two processes can be preferably used in the method using the pre-plating treatment material. The processes are disclosed more specifically in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 2003-213437, 2006-064923, 2006-058797, and 2006-135271, etc. 
         [0124]    (a) A process comprising applying, to a transparent substrate, a plating base layer having a functional group interactable with a plating catalyst or a precursor thereof, exposing and developing the layer, and subjecting the developed layer to a plating treatment to form a metal portion on the plating base material. 
         [0125]    (b) A process comprising applying, to a transparent substrate, an underlayer containing a polymer and a metal oxide and a plating base layer having a functional group interactable with a plating catalyst or a precursor thereof in this order, exposing and developing the layers, and subjecting the developed layers to a plating treatment to form a metal portion on the plating base material. 
         [0126]    Alternatively, a photoresist film on a copper foil disposed on the first transparent substrate  12 A or the second transparent substrate  12 B may be exposed and developed to form a resist pattern, and the copper foil exposed from the resist pattern may be etched to form the first conductive part  14 A or the second conductive part  14 B. 
         [0127]    A paste containing fine metal particles may be printed on the first transparent substrate  12 A or the second transparent substrate  12 B, and the printed paste may be plated with a metal to form the first conductive part  14 A or the second conductive part  14 B. 
         [0128]    The first conductive part  14 A or the second conductive part  14 B may be printed on the first transparent substrate  12 A or the second transparent substrate  12 B by using a screen or gravure printing plate. 
         [0129]    The first conductive part  14 A or the second conductive part  14 B may be formed on the first transparent substrate  12 A or the second transparent substrate  12 B by using an inkjet method. 
         [0130]    A particularly preferred method, which contains using a photographic photosensitive silver halide material for producing the first conductive sheet  10 A, the second conductive sheet  10 B, or the conductive sheet stack  54  of this embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the conductive sheet  10 ), will be mainly described below. Incidentally, both of the first transparent substrate  12 A and the second transparent substrate  12 B are hereinafter referred to as the transparent substrate  12 , and both of the first conductive part  14 A and the second conductive part  14 B are hereinafter referred to as the conductive part  14 . 
         [0131]    The method for producing the conductive sheet  10  of this embodiment includes the following three processes different in the photosensitive materials and development treatments. 
         [0132]    (1) A process comprising subjecting a photosensitive black-and-white silver halide material free of physical development nuclei to a chemical or thermal development to form the metallic silver portions on the photosensitive material. 
         [0133]    (2) A process comprising subjecting a photosensitive black-and-white silver halide material having a silver halide emulsion layer containing physical development nuclei to a solution physical development to form the metallic silver portions on the photosensitive material. 
         [0134]    (3) A process comprising subjecting a stack of a photosensitive black-and-white silver halide material free of physical development nuclei and an image-receiving sheet having a non-photosensitive layer containing physical development nuclei to a diffusion transfer development to form the metallic silver portions on the non-photosensitive image-receiving sheet. 
         [0135]    In the process of (1), an integral black-and-white development procedure is used to form a transmittable conductive film such as a light-transmitting conductive film on the photosensitive material. The resulting silver is a chemically or thermally developed silver in the state of a high-specific surface area filament, and thereby shows a high activity in the following plating or physical development treatment. 
         [0136]    In the process of (2), the silver halide particles are melted around and deposited on the physical development nuclei in the exposed areas to form a transmittable conductive film such as a light-transmitting conductive film on the photosensitive material. Also in this process, an integral black-and-white development procedure is used. Though high activity can be achieved since the silver halide is deposited on the physical development nuclei in the development, the developed silver has a spherical shape with small specific surface. 
         [0137]    In the process of (3), the silver halide particles are melted in the unexposed areas, and are diffused and deposited on the development nuclei of the image-receiving sheet, to form a transmittable conductive film such as a light-transmitting conductive film on the sheet. In this process, a so-called separate-type procedure is used, the image-receiving sheet being peeled off from the photosensitive material. 
         [0138]    A negative or reversal development treatment can be used in the processes. In the diffusion transfer development, the negative development treatment can be carried out using an auto-positive photosensitive material. 
         [0139]    The chemical development, thermal development, solution physical development, and diffusion transfer development have the meanings generally known in the art, and are explained in common photographic chemistry texts such as Shin-ichi Kikuchi, “ Shashin Kagaku  ( Photographic Chemistry )”, Kyoritsu Shuppan Co., Ltd., 1955 and C. E. K. Mees, “ The Theory of Photographic Processes,  4 th ed .”, Mcmillan, 1977. A liquid treatment is generally used in the present invention, and also a thermal development treatment can be utilized. For example, techniques described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Nos. 2004-184693, 2004-334077, and 2005-010752 and Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2004-244080 and 2004-085655 can be used in the present invention. 
         [0140]    The structure of each layer in the conductive sheet  10  of this embodiment will be described in detail below. 
       [Transparent Substrate  12 ] 
       [0141]    The transparent substrate  12  may be a plastic sheet, a plastic plate, a glass plate, etc. 
         [0142]    Examples of materials for the plastic sheet and the plastic plate include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalates (PET) and polyethylene naphthalates (PEN), and triacetyl celluloses (TAC). 
         [0143]    The transparent substrate  12  is preferably a sheet or plate of a plastic having a melting point of about 290° C. or lower. The PET is particularly preferred from the viewpoints of light transmittance, workability, etc. 
       [Silver Salt Emulsion Layer] 
       [0144]    The silver salt emulsion layer for forming the thin metal wires  16  of the conductive sheet  10  contains a silver salt and a binder and may further contain a solvent and an additive such as a dye. 
         [0145]    The silver salt used in this embodiment may be an inorganic silver salt such as a silver halide or an organic silver salt such as silver acetate. In this embodiment, the silver halide is preferred because of its excellent light sensing property. 
         [0146]    The applied silver amount (the amount of the applied silver salt in the silver density) of the silver salt emulsion layer is preferably 1 to 30 g/m 2 , more preferably 1 to 25 g/m 2 , further preferably 5 to 20 g/m 2 . When the applied silver amount is within this range, the resultant conductive sheet  10  can exhibit a desired surface resistance. 
         [0147]    Examples of the binders used in this embodiment include gelatins, polyvinyl alcohols (PVA), polyvinyl pyrolidones (PVP), polysaccharides such as starches, celluloses and derivatives thereof, polyethylene oxides, polyvinylamines, chitosans, polylysines, polyacrylic acids, polyalginic acids, polyhyaluronic acids, and carboxycelluloses. The binders show a neutral, anionic, or cationic property depending on the ionicity of a functional group. 
         [0148]    In this embodiment, the amount of the binder in the silver salt emulsion layer is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected to obtain sufficient dispersion and adhesion properties. The volume ratio of silver/binder in the silver salt emulsion layer is preferably 1/4 or more, more preferably 1/2 or more. The silver/binder volume ratio is preferably 100/1 or less, more preferably 50/1 or less. Particularly, the silver/binder volume ratio is further preferably 1/1 to 4/1, most preferably 1/1 to 3/1. As long as the silver/binder volume ratio of the silver salt emulsion layer falls within this range, the resistance variation can be reduced even under various applied silver amount, whereby the conductive sheet  10  can be produced with a uniform surface resistance. The silver/binder volume ratio can be obtained by converting the silver halide/binder weight ratio of the material to the silver/binder weight ratio, and by further converting the silver/binder weight ratio to the silver/binder volume ratio. 
       &lt;Solvent&gt; 
       [0149]    The solvent used for forming the silver salt emulsion layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, organic solvents (e.g. alcohols such as methanol, ketones such as acetone, amides such as formamide, sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, esters such as ethyl acetate, ethers), ionic liquids, and mixtures thereof. 
       &lt;Other Additives&gt; 
       [0150]    The additives used in this embodiment are not particularly limited, and may be preferably selected from known additives. 
       [Other Layers] 
       [0151]    A protective layer (not shown) may be formed on the silver salt emulsion layer. In addition, an undercoat layer or the like may be formed below the silver salt emulsion layer. 
         [0152]    The steps for producing the conductive sheet  10  will be described below. 
       [Exposure] 
       [0153]    In this embodiment, the conductive part  14  may be formed in a printing process, and may be formed by exposure and development treatments, etc. in another process. Thus, a photosensitive material having the transparent substrate  12  and thereon the silver salt-containing layer or a photosensitive material coated with a photopolymer for photolithography is subjected to the exposure treatment. An electromagnetic wave may be used in the exposure. For example, the electromagnetic wave may be a light such as a visible light or an ultraviolet light, or a radiation ray such as an X-ray. The exposure may be carried out using a light source having a wavelength distribution or a specific wavelength. 
       [Development Treatment] 
       [0154]    In this embodiment, the emulsion layer is subjected to the development treatment after the exposure. Common development treatment technologies for photographic silver salt sheets, photographic papers, print engraving sheets, emulsion masks for photomasking, and the like may be used in the present invention. 
         [0155]    In the present invention, the development process may include a fixation treatment for removing the silver salt in the unexposed areas to stabilize the material. Fixation treatment technologies for photographic silver salt sheets, photographic papers, print engraving sheets, emulsion masks for photomasking, and the like may be used in the present invention. 
         [0156]    The developed and fixed photosensitive material is preferably subjected to a water washing treatment or a stabilization treatment. 
         [0157]    The ratio of the metallic silver contained in the exposed areas after the development to the silver contained in the areas before the exposure is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more by mass. When the ratio is 50% or more by mass, a high conductivity can be achieved. 
         [0158]    The conductive sheet  10  is obtained by the above steps. The surface resistance of the resultant conductive sheet  10  is preferably within a range of 0.1 to 100 ohm/sq. The lower limit is preferably 1 ohm/sq or more, 3 ohm/sq or more, 5 ohm/sq or more, or 10 ohm/sq or more. The upper limit is preferably 90 ohm/sq or less, 70 ohm/sq or less, or 50 ohm/sq or less. When the surface resistance is controlled within this range, the position detection can be performed even in a large touch panel having an area of 10 cm×10 cm or more. The conductive sheet  10  may be subjected to a calender treatment after the development treatment to obtain a desired surface resistance. 
       [Physical Development Treatment and Plating Treatment] 
       [0159]    In this embodiment, to increase the conductivity of the metallic silver portion formed by the above exposure and development treatments, conductive metal particles may be deposited thereon by a physical development treatment and/or a plating treatment. In the present invention, the conductive metal particles may be deposited on the metallic silver portion by only one of the physical development and plating treatments or by the combination of the treatments. The metallic silver portion, subjected to the physical development treatment and/or the plating treatment in this manner, is also referred to as the conductive metal portion. 
         [0160]    In this embodiment, the physical development is such a process that metal ions such as silver ions are reduced by a reducing agent, whereby metal particles are deposited on a metal or metal compound core. Such physical development has been used in the fields of instant B &amp; W sheet, instant slide sheet, printing plate production, etc., and the technologies can be used in the present invention. The physical development may be carried out at the same time as the above development treatment after the exposure, and may be carried out after the development treatment separately. 
         [0161]    In this embodiment, the plating treatment may contain electroless plating (such as chemical reduction plating or displacement plating), electrolytic plating, or a combination thereof. Known electroless plating technologies for printed circuit boards, etc. may be used in this embodiment. The electroless plating is preferably electroless copper plating. 
       [Oxidation Treatment] 
       [0162]    In this embodiment, the metallic silver portion formed by the development treatment or the conductive metal portion formed by the physical development treatment and/or the plating treatment is preferably subjected to an oxidation treatment. For example, by the oxidation treatment, a small amount of a metal deposited on the light-transmitting portion can be removed, so that the transmittance of the light-transmitting portion can be increased to approximately 100%. 
       [Conductive Metal Portion] 
       [0163]    In this embodiment, the lower limit of the line width of the conductive metal portion (the thin metal wire  16 ) may be 0.1 μm or more as described above. The lower limit of the line width is preferably 1 μm or more, 3 μm or more, 4 μm or more, or 5 μm or more, and the upper limit thereof is preferably 15 μm or less, 10 μm or less, 9 μm or less, or 8 μm or less. When the line width is less than the lower limit, the conductive metal portion has an insufficient conductivity, whereby the touch panel  50  using the portion has an insufficient detection sensitivity. On the other hand, when the line width is more than the upper limit, moire is significantly generated due to the conductive metal portion, and the touch panel  50  using the portion has a poor visibility. When the line width is within the above range, the moire of the conductive metal portion is improved, and the visibility is remarkably improved. The side length of the small lattice  74  is preferably 30 to 500 μm, more preferably 50 to 400 μm, most preferably 100 to 350 μm. The conductive metal portion may have a part with a line width of more than 200 μm for the purpose of ground connection, etc. 
         [0164]    In this embodiment, the opening ratio of the conductive metal portion is preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, most preferably 95% or more, in view of the visible light transmittance. The opening ratio is the ratio of the light-transmitting portions other than the thin metal wires  16  to the entire conductive part. For example, a rhombic lattice having a line width of 6 μm and a side length of 240 μm has an opening ratio of 95%. 
       [Light-Transmitting Portion] 
       [0165]    In this embodiment, the light-transmitting portion is a portion having light transmittance, other than the conductive metal portions in the conductive sheet  10 . The transmittance of the light-transmitting portion, which is herein a minimum transmittance value in a wavelength region of 380 to 780 nm obtained neglecting the light absorption and reflection of the transparent substrate  12 , is 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, more preferably 97% or more, further preferably 98% or more, most preferably 99% or more. 
         [0166]    The exposure is preferably carried out using a glass mask method or a laser lithography pattern exposure method. 
       [Conductive Sheet  10 ] 
       [0167]    In the conductive sheet  10  of this embodiment, the thickness of the transparent substrate  12  is preferably 50 to 350 μm, more preferably 75 to 250 μm, particularly preferably 100 to 200 μm. When the thickness is within the range of 50 to 350 μm, a desired visible light transmittance can be obtained, and the transparent substrate  12  can be easily handled. 
         [0168]    The thickness of the metallic silver portion formed on the transparent substrate  12  may be appropriately selected by controlling the thickness of the coating liquid for the silver salt-containing layer applied to the transparent substrate  12 . The thickness of the metallic silver portion may be selected within a range of 0.001 to 0.2 mm, and is preferably 30 μm or less, more preferably 20 μm or less, further preferably 0.01 to 9 μm, most preferably 0.05 to 5 μm. The metallic silver portion is preferably formed in a patterned shape. The metallic silver portion may have a monolayer structure or a multilayer structure containing two or more layers. When the metallic silver portion has a patterned multilayer structure containing two or more layers, the layers may have different wavelength color sensitivities. In this case, different patterns can be formed in the layers by using exposure lights with different wavelengths. 
         [0169]    In the case of using the conductive sheet  10  in the touch panel  50 , the thin metal wire  16  preferably has a smaller thickness. As the thickness is reduced, the viewing angle and visibility of the display panel  58  are improved. Thus, the thickness of the thin metal wire  16  is preferably less than 9 μm, more preferably 0.1 μm or more but less than 5 μm, further preferably 0.1 μm or more but less than 3 μm. 
         [0170]    In this embodiment, the thickness of the metallic silver portion can be controlled by changing the coating thickness of the silver salt-containing layer, and the thickness of the thin metal wire  16  can be controlled in the physical development treatment and/or the plating treatment, whereby the conductive sheet having a thickness of less than 5 μm (preferably less than 3 μm) can be easily produced. 
         [0171]    The plating or the like is not necessarily carried out in the method for producing the conductive sheet  10  of this embodiment. This is because the desired surface resistance can be obtained by controlling the applied silver amount and the silver/binder volume ratio of the silver salt emulsion layer in the method. The calender treatment or the like may be carried out if necessary. 
         [0000]    (Film Hardening Treatment after Development Treatment) 
         [0172]    It is preferred that after the silver salt emulsion layer is developed, the resultant is immersed in a hardener and thus subjected to a film hardening treatment. Examples of the hardeners include dialdehydes (such as glutaraldehyde, adipaldehyde, and 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxane) and boric acid, described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 02-141279. 
         [0173]    An additional functional layer such as an antireflection layer or a hard coat layer may be formed in the conductive sheet  10  of this embodiment. 
       [Calender Treatment] 
       [0174]    The developed metallic silver portion may be smoothened by a calender treatment. The conductivity of the metallic silver portion can be significantly increased by the calender treatment. The calender treatment may be carried out using a calender roll unit. The calender roll unit generally has a pair of rolls. 
         [0175]    The roll used in the calender treatment may be composed of a metal or a plastic (such as an epoxy, polyimide, polyamide, or polyimide-amide). Particularly in a case where the photosensitive material has the emulsion layer on both sides, it is preferably treated with a pair of the metal rolls. In a case where the photosensitive material has the emulsion layer only on one side, it may be treated with the combination of the metal roll and the plastic roll in view of wrinkling prevention. The upper limit of the line pressure is preferably 1960 N/cm (200 kgf/cm, corresponding to a surface pressure of 699.4 kgf/cm 2 ) or more, more preferably 2940 N/cm (300 kgf/cm, corresponding to a surface pressure of 935.8 kgf/cm 2 ) or more. The upper limit of the line pressure is 6880 N/cm (700 kgf/cm) or less. 
         [0176]    The smoothing treatment such as the calender treatment is preferably carried out at a temperature of 10° C. (without temperature control) to 100° C. Though the preferred treatment temperature range depends on the density and shape of the metal mesh or metal wiring pattern, the type of the binder, etc., the temperature is more preferably 10° C. (without temperature control) to 50° C. in general. 
         [0177]    The present invention may be appropriately combined with technologies described in the following patent publications and international patent pamphlets shown in Tables 1 and 2. “Japanese Laid-Open Patent”, “Publication No.”, “Pamphlet No.”, etc. are omitted. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 2004-221564 
                 2004-221565 
                 2007-200922 
                 2006-352073 
                 2007-129205 
               
               
                 2007-235115 
                 2007-207987 
                 2006-012935 
                 2006-010795 
                 2006-228469 
               
               
                 2006-332459 
                 2009-21153 
                 2007-226215 
                 2006-261315 
                 2007-072171 
               
               
                 2007-102200 
                 2006-228473 
                 2006-269795 
                 2006-269795 
                 2006-324203 
               
               
                 2006-228478 
                 2006-228836 
                 2007-009326 
                 2006-336090 
                 2006-336099 
               
               
                 2006-348351 
                 2007-270321 
                 2007-270322 
                 2007-201378 
                 2007-335729 
               
               
                 2007-134439 
                 2007-149760 
                 2007-208133 
                 2007-178915 
                 2007-334325 
               
               
                 2007-310091 
                 2007-116137 
                 2007-088219 
                 2007-207883 
                 2007-013130 
               
               
                 2005-302508 
                 2008-218784 
                 2008-227350 
                 2008-227351 
                 2008-244067 
               
               
                 2008-267814 
                 2008-270405 
                 2008-277675 
                 2008-277676 
                 2008-282840 
               
               
                 2008-283029 
                 2008-288305 
                 2008-288419 
                 2008-300720 
                 2008-300721 
               
               
                 2009-4213 
                 2009-10001 
                 2009-16526 
                 2009-21334 
                 2009-26933 
               
               
                 2008-147507 
                 2008-159770 
                 2008-159771 
                 2008-171568 
                 2008-198388 
               
               
                 2008-218096 
                 2008-218264 
                 2008-224916 
                 2008-235224 
                 2008-235467 
               
               
                 2008-241987 
                 2008-251274 
                 2008-251275 
                 2008-252046 
                 2008-277428 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 2006/001461 
                 2006/088059 
                 2006/098333 
                 2006/098336 
                 2006/098338 
               
               
                 2006/098335 
                 2006/098334 
                 2007/001008 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       EXAMPLES 
       [0178]    The present invention will be described more specifically below with reference to Examples. Materials, amounts, ratios, treatment contents, treatment procedures, and the like, used in Examples, may be appropriately changed without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following specific examples are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. 
       First Example 
       [0179]    In First Example, in each of the conductive sheets  10  of Examples 1 to 9, the side length of the small lattice  74 , the line width of the thin metal wire  16 , and the surface resistance of the representative first conductive pattern  64 A were measured, and the moire and visibility were evaluated. The properties and evaluation results of Examples 1 to 9 are shown in Table 3. 
       Examples 1 to 9 
     (Photosensitive Silver Halide Material) 
       [0180]    An emulsion containing an aqueous medium, a gelatin, and silver iodobromochloride particles was prepared. The amount of the gelatin was 10.0 g per 150 g of Ag, and the silver iodobromochloride particles had an I content of 0.2 mol %, a Br content of 40 mol %, and an average spherical equivalent diameter of 0.1 μm. 
         [0181]    K 3 Rh 2 Br 9  and K 2 IrCl 6  were added to the emulsion at a concentration of 10 −7  (mol/mol-silver) to dope the silver bromide particles with Rh and Ir ions. Na 2 PdCl 4  was further added to the emulsion, and the resultant emulsion was subjected to gold-sulfur sensitization using chlorauric acid and sodium thiosulfate. The emulsion and a gelatin hardening agent were applied to the first transparent substrate  12 A or the second transparent substrate  12 B having a thickness of 150 μm, both composed of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The amount of the applied silver was 10 g/m 2 , and the Ag/gelatin volume ratio was 2/1. 
         [0182]    The PET support had a width of 30 cm, and the emulsion was applied thereto into a width of 25 cm and a length of 20 m. The both end portions having a width of 3 cm were cut off to obtain a roll photosensitive silver halide material having a width of 24 cm. 
       (Exposure) 
       [0183]    An A4 (210 mm×297 mm) sized area of the first transparent substrate  12 A was exposed in the pattern of the first conductive sheet  10 A shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , and an A4 sized area of the second transparent substrate  12 B was exposed in the pattern of the second conductive sheet  10 B shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7 . The exposure was carried out using a parallel light from a light source of a high-pressure mercury lamp and patterned photomasks. 
       (Development Treatment) 
     Formulation of 1 L of Developer 
       [0184]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Hydroquinone 
                 20 g  
               
               
                   
                 Sodium sulfite 
                 50 g  
               
               
                   
                 Potassium carbonate 
                 40 g  
               
               
                   
                 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 
                 2 g 
               
               
                   
                 Potassium bromide 
                 3 g 
               
               
                   
                 Polyethylene glycol 2000 
                 1 g 
               
               
                   
                 Potassium hydroxide 
                 4 g 
               
               
                   
                 pH 
                 Controlled at 10.3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Formulation of 1 L of Fixer 
       [0185]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Ammonium thiosulfate solution (75%) 
                 300 
                 ml 
               
               
                   
                 Ammonium sulfite monohydrate 
                 25 
                 g 
               
               
                   
                 1,3-Diaminopropanetetraacetic acid 
                 8 
                 g 
               
               
                   
                 Acetic acid 
                 5 
                 g 
               
               
                   
                 Aqueous ammonia (27%) 
                 1 
                 g 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 pH 
                 Controlled at 6.2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0186]    The exposed photosensitive material was treated with the above treatment agents using an automatic processor FG-710PTS manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation under the following conditions. A development treatment was carried out at 35° C. for 30 seconds, a fixation treatment was carried out at 34° C. for 23 seconds, and then a water washing treatment was carried out for 20 seconds at a water flow rate of 5 L/min. 
       Example 1 
       [0187]    In the conductive parts (including the first conductive patterns  64 A and the second conductive patterns  64 B) of the prepared first conductive sheet  10 A and second conductive sheet  10 B, the side length of the small lattice  74  was 30 μm and the line width of the thin metal wire  16  was 1 μm. 
       Example 2 
       [0188]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 2 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the side length of the small lattice  74  was 40 μm and the line width of the thin metal wire  16  was 3 μm. 
       Example 3 
       [0189]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 3 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the side length of the small lattice  74  was 50 μm and the line width of the thin metal wire  16  was 4 μm. 
       Example 4 
       [0190]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 4 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the side length of the small lattice  74  was 80 μm and the line width of the thin metal wire  16  was 5 μm. 
       Example 5 
       [0191]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 5 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the side length of the small lattice  74  was 100 μm and the line width of the thin metal wire  16  was 8 μm. 
       Example 6 
       [0192]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 6 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the side length of the small lattice  74  was 250 μm and the line width of the thin metal wire  16  was 9 μm. 
       Example 7 
       [0193]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 7 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the side length of the small lattice  74  was 350 μm and the line width of the thin metal wire  16  was 10 μm. 
       Example 8 
       [0194]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 8 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the side length of the small lattice  74  was 400 μm and the line width of the thin metal wire  16  was 15 μm. 
       Example 9 
       [0195]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 9 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that the side length of the small lattice  74  was 500 μm and the line width of the thin metal wire  16  was 15 μm. 
       (Surface Resistance Measurement) 
       [0196]    In each of the first conductive sheets  10 A and the second conductive sheets  10 B, the surface resistivity values of randomly selected 10 points were measured by LORESTA GP (Model No. MCP-T610) manufactured by Dia Instruments Co., Ltd. utilizing an in-line four-probe method (ASP), and the average of the measured values was obtained to evaluate the detection accuracy. 
       (Transmittance Measurement) 
       [0197]    The transmittance value of the light-transmitting portion in the first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B was measured by a spectrophotometer to evaluate the transparency of the first transparent substrate  12 A. 
       (Moire Evaluation) 
       [0198]    In Examples 1 to 9, the first conductive sheet  10 A was stacked on the second conductive sheet  10 B to prepare the conductive sheet stack  54 , and the conductive sheet stack  54  was attached to the display screen of the display device  30  (liquid crystal display) to produce the touch panel  50 . The touch panel  50  was fixed to a turntable, and the display device  30  was operated to display a white color. The moire of the conductive sheet stack  54  was visually observed and evaluated while turning the turntable within a bias angle range of −45° to +45°. 
         [0199]    The moire was observed at a distance of 1.5 m from the display screen  58   a  of the display device  30 . The conductive sheet stack  54  was evaluated as “Good” when the moire was not visible, as “Fair” when the moire was slightly visible to an acceptable extent, or as “Poor” when the moire was highly visible. 
       (Visibility Evaluation) 
       [0200]    Before the moire evaluation, the touch panel  50  was fixed to the turntable, the display device  30  was operated to display the white color, and whether a thickened line or a black point was formed or not in the touch panel  50  and whether boundaries between the first conductive patterns  64 A and the second conductive patterns  64 B were visible or not in the touch panel  50  were evaluated by the naked eye. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Side 
                   
                 Thickness 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 length 
                 Line width 
                 of 
               
               
                   
                 of small 
                 of thin 
                 transparent 
                 Surface 
               
               
                   
                 lattice 
                 metal wire 
                 substrate 
                 resistance 
                 Moire 
                 Visibility 
               
               
                   
                 (μm) 
                 (μm) 
                 (μm) 
                 (Ω/sq) 
                 evaluation 
                 evaluation 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Example 1 
                 30 
                 1 
                 150 
                 90 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 40 
                 3 
                 150 
                 85 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 50 
                 4 
                 150 
                 80 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 80 
                 5 
                 150 
                 75 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 5 
                 100 
                 8 
                 150 
                 65 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 6 
                 250 
                 9 
                 150 
                 50 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 7 
                 350 
                 10 
                 150 
                 45 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 8 
                 400 
                 15 
                 150 
                 40 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 9 
                 500 
                 15 
                 150 
                 40 
                 Fair 
                 Fair 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0201]    Among Examples 1 to 9, the conductive sheet stacks  54  of Examples 1 to 8 had excellent conductivity, transmittance, moire, and visibility properties. The conductive sheet stack  54  of Example 9 was inferior to those of Examples 1 to 8 in the moire and visibility properties. However, in Example 9, the moire was only slightly visible to an acceptable extent, and an image on the display device  30  could be observed without any difficulty. 
         [0202]    Therefore, it is clear that the side length of the small lattice  74  is preferably 30 to 500 μm, more preferably 50 to 400 μm, particularly preferably 100 to 350 μm. Furthermore, it is clear that the lower limit of the line width of the thin metal wire  16  is preferably 1 μm or more, 3 μm or more, 4 μm or more, or 5 μm or more, and the upper limit is preferably 15 μm or less, 10 μm or less, 9 μm or less, or 8 μm or less. 
       Second Example 
       [0203]    In Second Example, in the first conductive sheets  10 A of Examples 11 to 17 and Reference Examples 11 and 12, the thickness of the first transparent substrate  12 A was changed to evaluate the detection sensitivity and the visibility. The properties and evaluation results of Examples 11 to 17 and Reference Example 11 and 12 are shown in Table 4. 
       Example 11 
       [0204]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 11 were produced in the same manner as Example 1 except that, in the conductive parts  14  (including the first conductive patterns  64 A and the second conductive patterns  64 B), the side length of the small lattice  74  was 80 μm, the line width of the thin metal wire  16  was 5 μm, and the thickness of the first transparent substrate  12 A was 50 μm. 
       Example 12 
       [0205]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 12 were produced in the same manner as Example 11 except that the thickness of the first transparent substrate  12 A was 80 μm. 
       Example 13 
       [0206]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 13 were produced in the same manner as Example 11 except that the thickness of the first transparent substrate  12 A was 100 μm. 
       Example 14 
       [0207]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 14 were produced in the same manner as Example 11 except that the thickness of the first transparent substrate  12 A was 150 μm. 
       Example 15 
       [0208]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 15 were produced in the same manner as Example 11 except that the thickness of the first transparent substrate  12 A was 200 μm. 
       Example 16 
       [0209]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 16 were produced in the same manner as Example 11 except that the thickness of the first transparent substrate  12 A was 250 μm. 
       Example 17 
       [0210]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Example 17 were produced in the same manner as Example 11 except that the thickness of the first transparent substrate  12 A was 350 μm. 
       Reference Example 11 
       [0211]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Reference Example 11 were produced in the same manner as Example 11 except that the thickness of the first transparent substrate  12 A was 30 μm. 
       Reference Example 12 
       [0212]    The first conductive sheet  10 A and the second conductive sheet  10 B of Reference Example 12 were produced in the same manner as Example 11 except that the thickness of the first transparent substrate  12 A was 400 μm. 
       (Detection Sensitivity Evaluation) 
       [0213]    A finger was moved in a predetermined direction on each touch panel  50  to obtain a detection waveform. The detection sensitivity was evaluated based on the detection waveform. The touch panel  50  was evaluated as “Excellent” when the detection sensitivity was more than 110% of a predetermined threshold value, as “Good” when it was 90% to 110% of the threshold value, or as “Fair” when it was less than 90% of the threshold value. 
         [0214]    The results of Examples 11 to 17 and Reference Examples 11 and 12 are shown in Table 4. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Side 
                   
                 Thickness 
                 Transmittance 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 length of 
                 Line width 
                 of 
                 of light- 
               
               
                   
                 small 
                 of thin 
                 transparent 
                 transmitting 
               
               
                   
                 lattice 
                 metal wire 
                 substrate 
                 portion 
                 Detection 
                 Visibility 
               
               
                   
                 (μm) 
                 (μm) 
                 (μm) 
                 (%) 
                 sensitivity 
                 evaluation 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Reference 
                 80 
                 5 
                 30 
                 99 
                 Fair 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 11 
               
               
                 Example 11 
                 80 
                 5 
                 50 
                 99 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 12 
                 80 
                 5 
                 80 
                 99 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 13 
                 80 
                 5 
                 100 
                 97 
                 Excellent 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 14 
                 80 
                 5 
                 150 
                 97 
                 Excellent 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 15 
                 80 
                 5 
                 200 
                 95 
                 Excellent 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 16 
                 80 
                 5 
                 250 
                 95 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Example 17 
                 80 
                 5 
                 350 
                 90 
                 Good 
                 Good 
               
               
                 Reference 
                 80 
                 5 
                 400 
                 80 
                 Poor 
                 Poor 
               
               
                 Example 12 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0215]    As shown in Table 4, though the conductive sheet stack  54  of Reference Example 11 had a good visibility, it had a low detection sensitivity. It was likely that because the first transparent substrate  12 A had a small thickness of 30 μm, a large parasitic capacitance was formed between the first conductive patterns  64 A and the second conductive patterns  64 B, and the detection sensitivity was deteriorated due to the parasitic capacitance. The conductive sheet stack  54  of Reference Example 12 was poor in both of the detection sensitivity and the visibility. It was likely that because the first transparent substrate  12 A had a remarkably large thickness of 400 μm, the finger touch position was hardly detected by the second conductive patterns  64 B in the self capacitance technology, and signals from the second conductive patterns  64 B (the drive electrodes) were hardly received by the first conductive patterns  64 A (the receiving electrodes) in the mutual capacitance technology. The visibility was deteriorated because the first transparent substrate  12 A had a remarkably large thickness of 400 μm, whereby the light-transmitting portions had a low transmittance of 80% to lower the transparency. 
         [0216]    In contrast, the conductive sheet stacks  54  of Examples 11 to 17 had high detection sensitivities and high visibilities. Particularly the conductive sheet stacks  54  of Examples 13 to 15 had excellent detection sensitivities. 
         [0217]    Therefore, it is clear that the thickness of the transparent substrate (the first transparent substrate  12 A) disposed between the first conductive part  14 A and the second conductive part  14 B is preferably 50 to 350 μm, further preferably 80 to 250 μm, particularly preferably 100 to 200 μm. 
         [0218]    It is to be understood that the conductive sheet and the touch panel of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the present invention.