Abstract:
The present invention is directed to a multiparticulate, modified release solid dispersion formulation, comprising a drug substance having a water-solubility of, or below, 8 mg/ml at room temperature; a hydrophobic matrix former which is a water insoluble, non-swelling amphiphilic lipid; and a hydrophilic matrix former which is a meltable, water-soluble excipient; wherein the weight ratio hydrophobic matrix former/hydrophilic matrix former is ≧1; and the particle size is less than 300 μm. Also a unit dosage of the same, as well as process for the preparation thereof and the use of the formulation and unit dosage are claimed.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention is directed to a multiparticulate, modified release solid dispersion formulation comprising a drug substance having a low water-solubility, to a unit dosage of the same, as well as to a process for the preparation thereof. The invention also concerns the use of a multiparticulate, modified release solid dispersion formulation for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of various medical conditions such as hypertension.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Solubility of a drug in the gastrointestinal fluids and its permeability through the cell membrane determines its oral bioavailability (Leuner and Dressman,  Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm  50, (2000) 47-60). For drugs with low aqueous solubility, the dissolution rate in the lumen is the rate-limiting step. Particle size reduction, solubilization, and salt formation are commonly used formulation methods to improve the dissolution rate. However, there are limitations to each of these techniques.  
           [0003]    Many drugs do not only have low water solubility, but they might also have a narrow therapeutical index, which means that the drug levels in the blood have to be carefully controlled. This can be achieved by a controlled release formulation. These have other benefits compared to regular dosage forms; patient acceptability is usually better due to fewer doses per day, and the drug is usually more efficiently used so less active drug is needed.  
           [0004]    Gel matrix tablets is a common drug form for modified release. The release rate is controlled either by erosion or by the diffusion of drug molecules in the swelled polymer matrix, which is the reason why drug solubility in the matrix material has great influence on the release rate. One disadvantage of matrix tablets is that they cannot always be divided, whereas multiparticulate tablets can be divided.  
           [0005]    Solid dispersions have been studied as a possibility to control the drug release rate (Aceves et al.,  Int. J. Pharm.  195, (2000) 45-53). Solid dispersion is a dispersion of one or more active ingredients in an inert carrier or matrix at solid state, prepared by the melting (fusion), solvent or melting-solvent method (Chiou and Riegelman.,  J. Pharm. Sci.  60, (1971) 1281-1302). In  J. Pharm. Sci.  58, (1969) 1505-1509, Chiou and Riegelman have classified the solid dispersions into following groups: Eutetic mixtures; solid solutions; glass solutions and glass suspensions; amorphous precipitations in crystalline carrier; and combinations of those above.  
           [0006]    Melt processing (fusion method) was presented for the first time by Segikuchi, K and Obi, N. in 1961, in  Chem. Pharm. Bull.  9 (1961), 866-872 to prepare solid dispersions. In the melt method a physical mixture of the carrier and the drug is melted and then solidified. Cooling leads to supersaturation, but due to solidification the dispersed drug is trapped in to the carrier matrix. Melt method is often recommended, because no organic solvents are needed, so it is often less costly and better for the environment than the solvent method. However, it is not a suitable manufacturing method for thermolabile drugs. Thermal degradation, sublimation and polymorphic transformations may also occur during fusion (Goldberg et al,  J. Pharm. Sci. 54, (1965) 1145-1148).  
           [0007]    The principle of solid dispersions has been used in many pharmaceutical formulations, mostly in order to increase the bioavailability but in some cases for obtaining sustained release. Solid dispersions can be prepared of lipophilic matrix materials. The release rate is adjusted by varying the drug-excipient ratio. The amount of drug released increases with increased loading (Bodmeier et al,  Drug. Dev. Ind. Pharm.  16 (9), (1990) 1505-1519).  
           [0008]    Besides waxes and polar lipids, different polymers have been used to control drug release rate from solid dispersions. Ozeki et al. have shown that the release rate of phenacetin from a solid dispersion composed of poly(ethylene oxide)-carboxyvinylpolymer interpolymer complex can be controlled (Ozeki et al.,  J. Control. Release  58, (1999) 87-95).  
           [0009]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,772 (corresponding to WO 96/23499) discloses an oral, extended release solid pharmaceutical composition comprising polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of at least 1000, a drug having a solubility of less than 0.1% by weight in water at 20° C. and a hydrophilic gel-forming polymer having a mean molecular weight of at least 20,000.  
           [0010]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,163 discloses a solid dosage form comprising a plurality of particles. The drug may according to this document be soluble or water insoluble.  
           [0011]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,405,617 discloses the preparation of carrier matrices and spray congealed powders comprising an admixture of aliphatic or fatty acid esters and pharmaceutical actives which can be compressed into tablet and caplet dosage form.  
           [0012]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,629,621 discloses a sustained release preparation of bioactive material having erodible characteristics.  
           [0013]    Stearic acid has been used as a controlled release matrix excipient in spray congealing (Rodriguez et al.,  Int. J. Pharm.  183, (1999) 133-143). The drug substances used by Rodriguez are theophylline having a water solubility at 25° C. of 8.3 mg/ml, and fenbufen having a water solubility at 25° C. of 0.11 mg/ml.  
         Outline of the Invention  
         [0014]    The object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical formulation of a drug substance having low solubility in water.  
           [0015]    More particularly, the present invention is directed to a multiparticulate, modified release solid dispersion formulation, comprising  
           [0016]    (i) an active drug substance having a water-solubility of, or below, 8 mg/ml at room temperature;  
           [0017]    (ii) at least one hydrophobic matrix former which is a meltable, non-swelling amphiphilic lipid having a water-solubility below 1 mg/g; and  
           [0018]    (iii) at least one hydrophilic matrix former which is a meltable excipient having a water-solubility above 0.1 g/g; wherein  
           [0019]    the weight ratio hydrophobic matrix former/hydrophilic matrix former is ≧1; and the particle size is less than 300 μm.  
           [0020]    The term “modified release” is herein defined as a formulation that releases less than 90% of its drug contents during the first three hours of the release.  
           [0021]    The wording “at least one hydrophobic matrix former” as used herein, is defined such that one hydrophobic matrix former can be used alone, or in an alternative embodiment of the invention a mixture of hydrophobic matrix formers may be used.  
           [0022]    The wording “at least one hydrophilic matrix former” as used herein, is defined such that one hydrophilic matrix former can be used alone, or in an alternative embodiment of the invention a mixture of hydrophilic matrix formers may be used.  
           [0023]    The term “solid dispersion” is herein defined as a dispersion of the active compound in an inert carrier or matrix at solid state. Solid dispersion is more particularly defined herein as eutetic mixtures, solid solutions, glass solutions or glass suspensions, amorphous precipitations in crystalline carrier or combinations thereof.  
           [0024]    The wording “low solubility in water” used herein, is defined as a substance which at room temperature, such as at a temperature of 23° C., has a solubility in water of, or below, 8 mg/ml.  
           [0025]    The wording “multiparticulate formulation” used in accordance with the present invention is defined as a formulation comprising individual units of the drug substance, the hydrophobic matrix former and the hydrophilic matrix former, filled into capsules or compressed into e.g. one single tablet which may be a rapidly disintegrating tablet.  
           [0026]    The hydrophobic matrix formers are in accordance with the present invention water-insoluble, non-swelling fatty acids having a melting point above 50° C., more particularly a melting point within the range of from 55-75° C. Examples of specific fatty acids useful in accordance with the present invention are stearic acid, palmitic acid and myristic acid, or mixtures thereof.  
           [0027]    In a further aspect of the invention the hydrophobic matrix former is a fatty acid ester such as, but not limited to, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl behenate, glyceryl dipalmitostearate, and glyceryl di/tristearate, or mixtures thereof.  
           [0028]    In still a further aspect of the invention the hydrophobic matrix former is a hydrogenated fatty acid ester such as, but not limited to, hydrogenated castor oil, also known under the trade mark Cutina HR®.  
           [0029]    In still a further aspect of the invention the hydrophobic matrix former is a mixture of mono-, di- and triglycerides and polyethyleneglycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, such as Gelucire® 50/02.  
           [0030]    The hydrophobic matrix former may also be selected from waxes such as carnauba wax; fatty alcohols such as, but not limited to, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or cetostearyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof.  
           [0031]    The hydrophilic matrix formers are in accordance with the present invention meltable, water soluble excipients which are solid at room temperature, such as polyethyleneoxides; polyethylene glycols; and polyethyleneoxide and polypropyleneoxide block-co-polymers, e.g. poloxamers. Specific examples of poloxamers useful in accordance with the present invention are poloxamer 188, also known under the trade name Pluronic F68®, and poloxamer 407, which is also known under the trade name Pluronic F127®. Pluronic F68® and Pluronic F127® are commercially available from BASF. Specific examples of polyethylene glycols useful in accordance with the present invention are PEG 4000, known under the trade name Macrogol 4000®, and PEG 6000, known under the trade name Macrogol 6000®. Any poloxamer and PEG which are solid at room temperature may be used in accordance with the present invention. A comprehensive list of poloxamers and PEG&#39;s useful in accordance with the present invention can be found in  Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients  3 rd Ed., American Pharmaceutical Association and Pharmaceutical Press  (2000),  Washington,  665, which is hereby incorporated by reference, but which list however should not in any way be interpreted as exhaustive. Also other hydrophilic excipients which are miscible with the hydrophobic matrix formers as melts are useful in accordance with the present invention. Also other hydrophilic excipients which are miscible with the hydrophobic matrix formers as melts are useful in accordance with the present invention.  
           [0032]    The weight ratio of hydrophobic matrix former/hydrophilic matrix former is ≧1, the excess amount of the hydrophobic matrix providing a modified release effect.  
           [0033]    In one aspect of the invention, felodipine which has the chemical name 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid-3-methyl ester-5-ethyl ester, is used as the active drug substance. Felodipine is an antihypertensive substance disclosed in EP 0,007,293, having a water-solubility of about 0.5 μg/ml at an ambient temperature of 22-25° C.  
           [0034]    A further aspect of the invention is to use bicalutamide, a non-steroidal anti-androgen which is the racemate of 4′-cyano-α′,α′,α′-trifluoro-3-(4-fluorophenylsulphonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiono-m-toluidide, as the active drug substance. Bicalutamide is known under the trade name CASODEX™. Bicalutamide is useful in prostate cancer therapy, and EP 100172 discloses 4′-cyano-α′,α′,α′-trifluoro-3-(4-fluorophenylsulphonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiono-m-toluidide (named in EP 100172 as 4-cyano-3-trifluoromethyl-N-(3-p-fluorophenylsulphonyl-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl)aniline). 4′-cyano-α′,α′,α′-trifluoro-3-(4-fluorophenylsulphonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiono-m-toluidide as well as the racemate thereof, as well as where &gt;50% of the 4′-cyano-α′,α′,α′-trifluoro-3-(4-fluorophenylsulphonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiono-m-toluidide is provided in the form of the R-enantiomer, is also within the scope of the invention. The water-solubility for bicalutamide is about 0.0046 mg/ml at physiological pH and at an ambient temperature of 22-25° C.  
           [0035]    In one embodiment of the invention, the total amount of the active drug substance is below about 40% by weight. In a further aspect of the invention the total amount of the drug substance is 30-40% by weight, and in still a further embodiment of the invention the total amount of the active drug substance is 20-30% by weight.  
           [0036]    The wording “unit dosage form” is herein defined as a composition where the amount of active drug substance is administered as one single tablet, capsule or other suitable form in accordance with the present invention.  
           [0037]    The pharmaceutical formulation according to the present invention is useful for the treatment of various medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases or in the treatment of cancer, e.g. prostate cancer.  
           [0038]    Thus, one aspect of the present invention is the use of a multiparticulate, modified release formulation as claimed and described herein, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of hypertension or cancer such as prostate cancer.  
           [0039]    Another aspect of the present invention, is a method for the treatment of hypertension or cancer such as prostate cancer, whereby a multiparticulate, modified release formulation as claimed and described herein, is administered to a patient in need of such treatment.  
           [0040]    The multiparticulate, modified release formulation according to the present invention may be formulated into a unit dosage form, preferably as a tablet or a capsule, which may also comprise standard excipients known to the skilled person in the art of formulation. Examples of such excipients are fillers, binders, disintegrants and lubricants, but this list should however not be interpreted as being exhaustive.  
           [0041]    The multiparticulate, modified release solid dispersion formulation according to the present invention provides the possibility of formulating drug substances having a water-solubility of, or below, 8 mg/ml at room temperature. The novel formulation is particularly useful when formulated into a tablet. The multiparticulate system makes it possible to divide the tablet without disturbing the release rate of the active drug substance.  
         Methods of Preparation  
         [0042]    In spray congealing, or spray chilling as it is also called, the melted mass is atomized into droplets, which solidify quickly in cool air (Killeen,  Pharm. Eng ., July/August 1993, 56-64). The process differs from spray drying in that in spray drying the main action is evaporation of solvent caused by warm air, whereas in spray congealing it is a phase change from liquid to solid.  
           [0043]    The spray congealing process used in accordance with the present invention comprises the following steps:  
           [0044]    (i) melting the hydrophobic matrix former;  
           [0045]    (ii) dissolving or emulsifying the active compound into the melt;  
           [0046]    (iii) dissolving the hydrophilic matrix former into the melt;  
           [0047]    (iv) atomizing the melt into droplets;  
           [0048]    (v) solidifying the droplets; and  
           [0049]    (vi) collecting the particles.  
           [0050]    The produced particles can then be further formulated and into tablets or filled into capsules.  
           [0051]    The atomization into droplets can be done with different techniques, such as with a capillary nozzle, with a pneumatic nozzle, with an ultrasonic nozzle, with a hydraulic nozzle, with electrospraying, with rotary atomization, and preferably with a pneumatic nozzle using warm air as atomization gas.  
           [0052]    The solidification of droplets can take place in liquid nitrogen, in or on carbondioxide ice or in air with a temperature lower than the melt point of the droplets. The particles may be collected into a vessel directly, or with a cylinder connected to a cyclone. The resulted particles are smaller than 300 μm, preferably spherical, and the drug is present in the particles in the form of a solid dispersion.  
           [0053]    Additives may be added into the melt prior to the atomization. Examples of such additives are surface active agents, excipients increasing viscosity, and buffering agents, but this list should however not in any way be interpreted as limiting the invention.  
           [0054]    Information on the particle size distribution and on the roundness of the particles may be obtained by image analysis system (BeadCheck 300/MC, PharmaVision AB, Lund, Sweden). The particles are distributed on a glass plate with a sample preparation device. The number of particles from each batch are photographed to analyze number size distribution and roundness distribution.  
           [0055]    Mean diameter is used for particle size distribution. The radius from the center of mass to the particle perimeter is measured in incremental steps of 3° (BeadCheck™ 830 User&#39;s Manual). The diameter of each particle is calculated from the mean value of these measurements.  
           [0056]    Roundness is a measurement of the length-width relationship, with a value in the range [0.0, 1.0] (BeadCheck™ 830 Configuration Manual). A perfect circle has roundness 1.0 and a very narrow object has roundness close to 0.  
         DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
         [0057]    The invention will now be described in more detail by way of the following examples, which however should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.  
           [0058]    The following multiparticulate, modified release solid dispersion formulations were prepared. For each of these Examples, the number of 5000 particles (Examples 1-7) or 10,000 particles (Examples 8-11) from each batch were photographed to analyze number size distribution and roundness distribution. 
       
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1  
       [0059]    [0059]                                                                 amount [g]                                        (i)   felodipine   1           (ii)   cetanol   4           (iii)   PEG 4000   2                        
       I. Preparation of the Multiparticulate, Modified Release Formulation  
       [0060]    Felodipine (1 g) was dissolved in a melt of 4 g cetanol at 110° C. The amount of 2 g PEG 4000 was added into the melt. The melted mixture was kept at 110° C. and atomized with a pneumatic nozzle by using an atomization air temperature of 400° C. and a pressure of 7 bar. The particles were collected into a vessel which was kept on carbondioxide ice (temperature −50° C.), and thereafter dried over night in a vacuum oven at 25° C. and 2 mbar.  
         [0061]    The resulted particles had a 90% fractile size (90% smaller than) of 78 μm and roundness of 0.85.  
       EXAMPLE 2  
       [0062]    [0062]                                                                 amount [g]                                        (i)   felodipine   1           (ii)   cetanol   4           (iii)   poloxamer 407   2                        
       I. Preparation of the Multiparticulate, Modified Release Formulation  
       [0063]    Felodipine (1 g) was dissolved in a melt of 4 g cetanol at 110° C. The amount of 2 g poloxamer 407. (Pluronic F127®) was added into the melt. The melted mixture was kept at 110° C. and atomized with a pneumatic nozzle by using an atomization air temperature of 400° C. and a pressure of 7 bar. The particles were collected into a vessel which was kept on carbondioxide ice (temperature −50° C.), and thereafter dried over night in a vacuum oven at 25° C. and 2 mbar.  
         [0064]    The resulted particles had a 90% fractile size (90% smaller than) of 77 μm and a roundness of 0.87.  
       EXAMPLE 3  
       [0065]    [0065]                                                                 amount [g]                                        (i)   felodipine   1           (ii)   hydrogenated castor oil   4           (iii)   PEG 4000   2                        
       I. Preparation of the Multiparticulate, Modified Release Formulation  
       [0066]    Felodipine (1 g) was dissolved in a melt of 4 g hydrogenated castor oil (Cutina HR®) at 110° C. The amount of 2 g PEG 4000 was added into the melt. The melted mixture was kept at 110° C. and atomized with a pneumatic nozzle by using an atomization air temperature of 400° C. and a pressure of 7 bar. The particles were collected into a vessel which was kept on carbondioxide ice (temperature −50° C.), and thereafter dried over night in a vacuum oven at 25° C. and 2 mbar.  
         [0067]    The resulted particles had a 90% fractile size (90% smaller than) of 73 μm and a roundness of 0.90.  
       EXAMPLE 4  
       [0068]    [0068]                                                                 amount [g]                                        (i)   felodipine   1           (ii)   hydrogenated castor oil   4           (iii)   poloxamer 407   2                        
       I. Preparation of the Multiparticulate, Modified Release Formulation  
       [0069]    Felodipine (1 g) was dissolved in a melt of 4 g hydrogenated castor oil (Cutina HR®) at 110° C. The amount of 2 g poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F127®) was added into the melt. The melted mixture was kept at 110° C. and atomized with a pneumatic nozzle by using an atomization air temperature of 400° C. and a pressure of 7 bar. The particles were collected into a vessel which was kept on carbondioxide ice (temperature −50° C.), and thereafter dried over night in a vacuum oven at 25° C. and 2 mbar.  
         [0070]    The resulted particles had a 90% fractile size (90% smaller than) of 69 μm and a roundness of 0.92.  
       EXAMPLE 5  
       [0071]    [0071]                                                                 amount [g]                                        (i)   felodipine   1           (ii)   glyceryl palmitostearate   4           (iii)   poloxamer 407   2                        
       I. Preparation of the Multiparticulate, Modified Release Formulation  
       [0072]    Felodipine (1 g) was dissolved in a melt of 4 g glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol® ATO 5) at 110° C. The amount of 2 g poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F127®) was added into the melt. The melted mixture was kept at 110° C. and atomized with a pneumatic nozzle by using an atomization air temperature of 400° C. and a pressure of 7 bar. The particles were collected into a vessel which was kept on carbondioxide ice (temperature −50° C.), and thereafter dried over night in a vacuum oven at 25° C. and 2 mbar.  
         [0073]    The resulted particles had a 90% fractile size (90% smaller than) of 72 μm and a roundness of 0.94.  
       EXAMPLE 6  
       [0074]    [0074]                                                                 amount [g]                                        (i)   felodipine   1           (ii)   Stearic acid   4           (iii)   PEG 4000   2                        
       I. Preparation of the Multiparticulate, Modified Release Formulation  
       [0075]    Felodipine (1 g) was dissolved in a melt of 4 g stearic acid at 110° C. The amount of 2 g PEG 4000 was added into the melt. The melted mixture was kept at 110° C. and atomized with a pneumatic nozzle by using an atomization air temperature of 400° C. and a pressure of 7 bar. The particles were collected into a vessel which was kept on carbondioxide ice (temperature −50° C.), and thereafter dried over night in a vacuum oven at 25° C. and 2 mbar.  
         [0076]    The resulted particles had a 90% fractile size (90% smaller than) of 77 μm and roundness of 0.93.  
       EXAMPLE 7  
       [0077]    [0077]                                                                 amount [g]                                        (i)   felodipine   1           (ii)   Stearic acid   4           (iii)   poloxamer 407   2                        
       I. Preparation of the Multiparticulate, Modified Release Formulation  
       [0078]    Felodipine (1 g) was dissolved in a melt of 4 g stearic acid at 110° C. The amount of 2 g poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F127®) was added into the melt. The melted mixture was kept at 110° C. and atomized with a pneumatic nozzle by using an atomization air temperature of 400° C. and a pressure of 7 bar. The particles were collected into a vessel which was kept on carbondioxide ice (temperature −50° C.), and thereafter dried over night in a vacuum oven at 25° C. and 2 mbar.  
         [0079]    The resulted particles had a 90% fractile size (90% smaller than) of 70 μm and a roundness of 0.94.  
       EXAMPLE 8  
       [0080]    [0080]                                                                 amount [g]                                        (i)   felodipine   2           (ii)   stearic acid   6           (iii)   poloxamer 407   6                        
         [0081]    Felodipine (2 g) was dissolved in a melt of 6 g stearic acid at 110° C. The amount of 6 g poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F127®) was added into the melt. The melted mixture was kept at 110° C. and atomised with a pneumatic nozzle by using an atomisation air temperature of 400° C. and a pressure of 7 bar. The particles were collected into a vessel which was kept on carbondioxide ice (temperature −50° C.), and thereafter dried over night in a vacuum oven at 25° C. and 2 mbar.  
         [0082]    The resulted particles had a 90% fractile size (90% smaller than) of 56 μm and roundness of 0.96.  
       EXAMPLE 9  
       [0083]    [0083]                                                                 amount [g]                                        (i)   felodipine   2           (ii)   glyceryl ditristearate   8           (iii)   poloxamer 407   4                        
         [0084]    Felodipine (2 g) was dissolved in a melt of 8 g glyceryl ditristearate (Precirol WL2155®) at 110° C. The amount of 4 g poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F127®) was added into the melt. The melted mixture was kept at 110° C. and atomised with a pneumatic nozzle by using an atomisation air temperature of 400° C. and a pressure of 7 bar. The particles were collected into a vessel which was kept on carbondioxide ice (temperature −50° C.), and thereafter dried over night in a vacuum oven at 25° C. and 2 mbar.  
         [0085]    The resulted particles had a 90% fractile size (90% smaller than) of 49 μm and roundness of 0.93.  
       EXAMPLE 10  
       [0086]    [0086]                                                                 amount [g]                                        (i)   felodipine   2           (ii)   glyceryl behenate   8           (iii)   poloxamer 407   4                        
         [0087]    Felodipine (2 g) was dissolved in a melt of 8 g glyceryl behenate (Compritol 888®) at 110° C. The amount of 4 g poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F127®) was added into the melt. The melted mixture was kept at 110° C. and atomised with a pneumatic nozzle by using an atomisation air temperature of 400° C. and a pressure of 7 bar. The particles were collected into a vessel which was kept on carbondioxide ice (temperature −50° C.), and thereafter dried over night in a vacuum oven at 25° C. and 2 mbar.  
         [0088]    The resulted particles had a 90% fractile size (90% smaller than) of 51 μm and roundness of 0.97.  
       EXAMPLE 11  
       [0089]    [0089]                                     EXAMPLE 11                                   amount [g]                                        (i) felodipine   2           (ii) glyceryl monostearate   8           (iii) poloxamer 407   4                        
         [0090]    Felodipine (2 g) was dissolved in a melt of 8 g glyceryl monostearate at 110° C. The amount of 4 g poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F127®) was added into the melt. The melted mixture was kept at 110° C. and atomised with a pneumatic nozzle by using an atomisation air temperature of 400° C. and a pressure of 7 bar. The particles were collected into a vessel which was kept on carbondioxide ice (temperature −50° C.), and thereafter dried over night in a vacuum oven at 25° C. and 2 mbar.  
         [0091]    The resulted particles had a 90% fractile size (90% smaller than) of 50 μm and roundness of 0.99.  
       II. Tabletting  
       [0092]    Particles from step I of each of the examples 1-11 above, were compressed into tablets, which had a theoretical felodipine content of 10 mg. The target tablet weight was 200 mg. Tablet mass consisted of 35% particles and 65% microcrystalline cellulose. The mixture of microparticles, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium stearyl fumarate (0.14% of the total mixture weight) was mixed in a Turbula mixer of the type 72C, Willy A. Bachofen AG Maschinenfabrik, Basle, Switzerland, for 10 minutes. This mixture was compressed with an excentric tablet press Kilian SP300 (Examples 1-7) or Kilian EK0 (Examples 8-11) using 10.0 mm flat punches with maximum compression forces of 5.0-5.6 kN (Examples 1-7) or 2.7-7.0 kN (Examples 8-11).  
         [0093]    The breaking force of resulting tablets was within the range 43-93 N.  
       III. Dissolution Tests of Tablets  
       [0094]    The rate of release was tested from all tablet samples from examples using USP II paddle method. Dissolution test from each batch was run three times. Release testing was performed in a dissolution medium of 500 ml of sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer at pH 6.5. 0.4 % cetyl trimethylammonium bromide was added to the buffer to increase the solubility of felodipine. The measurements were carried out at 37° C. and the paddle was rotated 100 rpm. Each tablet was placed in a basket located about 1 cm above the paddle. Aliquots (10 ml) were withdrawn after 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 7 hours and filtered through 1.2 μm filter (Millipore® MF-Millipore). The first 5 ml of the filtrate was discarded.  
         [0095]    The filtrated sample solutions were then analyzed with UV-spectrophotometer at wavelength 362 nm and 450 nm.  
         [0096]    The results of the dissolution for each Example above, are summarized in Table 1 below.  
                                     TABLE 1                           % Dissolved   % Dissolved       Example No.   in 4 hours   in 7 hours                                Reference Example:               A standard tablet comprising:   88   95       (i) 10 mg felodipine; and       (ii) 190 mg microcrystalline cellulose       (Avicel PH101 ®)        1   12   18        2   29   41        3   39   51        4   50   61        5   45   89        6   13   18        7   16   26        8   62   92        9   57   82       10   54   65       11   68   91