Abstract:
An electronic overcurrent release for circuit breakers includes a first setting device connected to at least one control input of a microcontroller and configured to set a selected suitable nominal current value in a range between a minimum nominal current value and a maximum nominal current value. A second setting device is connected to at least one control input of the microcontroller and configured to set a selected suitable lag level, the second setting device having a test position. In the test position, the microcontroller has a set fixed test current value, which is less than the minimum nominal current value, and a set fixed test delay time, the microcontroller providing a release signal at a release signal output upon at least one of the phase currents exceeding a value of the set fixed test current value and a time of the set fixed test delay time.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a U.S. National Phase application under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2011/050759, filed on Jan. 20, 2011, and claims benefit to German Patent Application No. DE 10 2010 001 197.3, filed on Jan. 21, 2010. The International Application was published in German on Jul. 28, 2011 as WO 2011/089186 under PCT Article 21(2). 
     FIELD 
     The invention relates to an electronic overcurrent release for circuit breakers, in particular for motor circuit breakers. 
     BACKGROUND 
     DE 10 2006 011 713 A1 discloses a generic electronic overcurrent release for motor circuit breakers. For each of the current phases which are to be switched and protected, the overcurrent release comprises the primary side of a current transformer, the secondary side of which is connected to a load resistor via a rectifier arrangement. When the current transformers are unsaturated, the load voltages are a proportional function of the phase currents. Via smoothing circuits, the load voltages reach a microcontroller. The outputs of two multi-stage setting switches are also located at the microcontroller. A suitable nominal current value for the load which is connected to the circuit breaker can be selected by means of the first setting switch. By means of the second setting switch, the lag level for the release of the circuit breaker is selected, that is to say the delay with which a load which is connected to the circuit breaker is to be switched off if at least one of the phase currents persistently exceeds the selected nominal current. The greater the amount by which the set nominal current value is exceeded, the more rapidly the load is switched off. As a function of the selected settings, a corresponding overcurrent release characteristic is activated in the microcontroller. When an overcurrent occurs, that is to say as a result of the set nominal current value being exceeded for a delay time which corresponds to the selected lag level and to the measured overcurrent, a release signal is emitted at the output of the microcontroller, and after amplification is supplied to an electromagnetic actuator, which in turn releases the switch mechanism of the circuit breaker to switch off. For overcurrents of the short circuit type, a signal is supplied to the microcontroller via a threshold circuit by way of the corresponding load voltage, and this causes rapid release. Moreover, the voltage for the active electronic components of the release unit is supplied from the output of the rectifier circuits. 
     DE 102 09 068 C1 discloses a testing arrangement for electronic overcurrent releases of this type of a circuit breaker. The testing arrangement comprises a testing unit, which corresponds to the circuit breaker, which is calibrated to and tested for current values, and which is also loaded by the circuit breaker by way of the test variable. Further, a monitoring unit is provided for detecting and signalling the release of the overcurrent release. For this purpose, the load has to be separated from the circuit breaker, and the feed and load terminals of all of the phase currents of the circuit breaker have to be connected in series and be loaded by a test current source. Further, the secondary sides of the current transformers, which are now loaded by the same test current, of the overcurrent release have to be separated in part from the evaluating components of the overcurrent release and instead connected to the testing unit of the test arrangement. For this purpose it can be tested, at the place of use of the circuit breaker, whether the chain of action for the electronic release works and the release takes place within the acceptable tolerances. 
     Often, a prediction is merely required as to whether, at the place of use of a circuit breaker, the electronic overcurrent release will work over the entire chain of action, without making quantitative predictions as to the adherence to tolerance limits, at a considerable expense in terms of testing means, load disconnection and series connection of the phase terminals of the circuit breaker, as well as bypasses for the current transformer outputs. 
     SUMMARY 
     In an embodiment, the present invention provides an electronic overcurrent release for circuit breakers. A plurality of current transformers each have a primary side that is linked to a respective one of a plurality of phase currents that are to be switched and connected to a load resistor via a rectifier arrangement. A microcontroller has a plurality of measurement inputs each operatively connected to one of the load resistors and a signal output operatively connected to an electromagnetic actuator. A first setting device is connected to at least one control input of the microcontroller and configured to set a selected suitable nominal current value in a range between a minimum nominal current value and a maximum nominal current value. A second setting device is connected to at least one control input of the microcontroller and configured to set a selected suitable lag level, the second setting device having a test position. A voltage supply device is connected to the rectifier arrangement and configured to supply electronic components, including the microcontroller. The microcontroller includes a particular overcurrent release characteristic that is set as a function of the selected settings of the first and second setting devices, the microcontroller being configured to provide a release signal at the release signal output so as to activate the actuator and switch off a circuit breaker connectable to the overcurrent release upon at least one of the phase currents exceeding a value and a time of the overcurrent release characteristic. In the test position of the second setting device, the microcontroller has a set fixed test current value, which is less than the minimum nominal current value, and a set fixed test delay time, the microcontroller being configured to provide a release signal at the release signal output upon at least one of the phase currents exceeding a value of the set fixed test current value and a time of the set fixed test delay time. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention will be described in even greater detail below based on the exemplary, schematic figures. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments. All features described and/or illustrated herein can be used alone or combined in different combinations in embodiments of the invention. The features and advantages of various embodiments of the present invention will become apparent by reading the following detailed description with reference to the attached drawings which illustrate the following: 
         FIG. 1  is a front view of an electronic overcurrent release according to an embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a simplified block diagram of the overcurrent release according to  FIG. 1 ; and 
         FIG. 3  shows the detailed arrangement of the overcurrent release according to  FIG. 2 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In an embodiment, the invention provides a test arrangement which makes it possible, with a low expenditure of time and materials, to test the chain of action of an electronic overcurrent release. 
     With the overcurrent release according to an embodiment of the invention, a corresponding software-based or stored overcurrent characteristic is activated in the microcontroller, both by means of the first setting device for selecting the nominal current value and by means of the second setting device for selecting the lag level. If at least one of the phase currents which are detected by means of the current transformer exceeds the value and time of this release characteristic, a release signal is present at the release output of the microcontroller, and as a result the electromagnetic actuator is activated. According to an embodiment of the invention, the second setting device is additionally provided with a test position. In the test position, a software-based or stored test current value and a software-based or stored test delay time are active in the microcontroller. The test current value is set to be less than the minimum nominal current value, irrespective of the nominal current value which is selected by means of the first setting device. If at least one of the phase currents exceeds this test current value for at least the set test delay time, the release signal is present at the release signal output and the electromagnetic actuator is active. 
     Thus, in the test position, the entire chain of action is tested as to the functionality thereof, from the current detection by means of the current transformer to the activation of the release by means of the electromagnetic actuator. No expensive test arrangement is necessary for testing the overcurrent release function of the overcurrent release according to an embodiment of the invention. Moreover, for testing, no preparatory connection or wiring operations are required on a circuit breaker which is equipped with the overcurrent release according to an embodiment of the invention, so as initially to separate the phase terminals thereof from the current feed and the load and subsequently to load them serially with a test current supply. Further, no measures are required to electrically separate the secondary sides of the current transformers in part from the remaining overcurrent release and to connect them to a testing unit. The testing is thus carried out without any external testing means and without additional operational measures, directly at the place of use and in the working state of a circuit breaker which is equipped with the overcurrent release according to an embodiment of the invention. 
     A test current value of approximately 80% of the minimum nominal current value has been found to be expedient. 
     It is advantageous for the value of the test delay time to be greater than the time in which the voltage supply which is provided by the current transformers for the electronic components builds up to faultless operation of the electronic overcurrent release. For this purpose, a value of approximately 500 ms for the test delay time has been found to be expedient. 
     To save space, it is advantageous for the first and second setting devices to be logically interconnected and to be able to be interrogated alternately. 
     The electronic overcurrent release  1  according to  FIG. 1  is provided for installation on a motor circuit breaker. The housing  3  of the overcurrent release  1  is equipped, in a known manner, with fastening and locking means for installation on the motor circuit breaker. Reference numerals  5  and  6  denote two electric contacts, via which an electromagnetic actuator can be supplied with electricity by a motor circuit breaker via the housing  3 . On the front face of the housing  3 , a first setting device S 1  and a second setting device S 2  are accessible. From each of the setting devices S 1  and S 2 , a rotary element  7  or  8 , which can be actuated by means of a screwdriver-like tool, can be seen together with an associated scale. The value of the nominal current can be selected at sixteen levels by means of the first setting device S 1 , in the present example from a minimum nominal current value of 8 A to a maximum nominal current value of 32 A. By means of the second setting device S 2 , the lag level can be selected at a plurality of levels or a test position (TEST TRIP) can be selected. Together, the selection of the nominal current value and of the lag level determines the release characteristic of the overcurrent release  1 . 
       FIG. 2  shows the basic circuit arrangement of the overcurrent release  1 . The drawing of  FIG. 2  has been simplified in that circuit parts which are not essential to the invention and which are already known, for example for rapid switch-off in the case of phase currents of the short-circuit type or for producing what is known as a thermal memory, are not shown. The primary sides of one current transformer  11  in each case are linked to the three phase currents I 1 , I 2  and I 3  which are supplied by a motor circuit breaker. The currents of the secondary sides of the current transformers  11  each reach a load resistor  13  via a respective rectifier arrangement  12 . When the current transformers  11  are unsaturated, the voltages across the load resistors  13  are a proportional function of the phase currents I 1 , I 2 , I 3 . Via smoothing circuits  14 , the load voltages reach measurement inputs  41  to  43  of a microcontroller  15 . The outputs of the setting devices S 1  and S 2  are also supplied to the microcontroller  15 . A particular overcurrent release characteristic comes into effect in the microcontroller  15  in accordance with the selected settings for the nominal current value, by means of the first setting device S 1 , and for the lag level for the release, by means of the second setting device S 2 . If at least one of the phase currents I 1 , I 2 , I 3  exceeds the value and duration of this release characteristic, a release signal SA is present at a signal output  60  of the microcontroller  15 . Via a transistor switch V 1 , the release signal SA causes the electromagnetic actuator  16  to be activated. Via an interface which passes through the housing  3  ( FIG. 1 ), the actuator  16  actuates the switching mechanism of a motor circuit breaker, which is connected to the release  1 , in such a way that the phase currents I 1 , I 2 , I 3  are interrupted. The actuator  16  is supplied as was described previously in relation to  FIG. 1 , via the contacts  5  and  6 . A network component  17 , which supplies the electronics of the overcurrent release  1  with the supply voltage Vcc, is also connected to the rectifier arrangements  12 . 
     If the test position is selected with the second setting device S 2 , a test current value of 80% of the minimum nominal current value comes into effect in the microcontroller  15 . In the present example, the test current value is 0.8×8 A=6.4 A, and this holds true irrespective of the setting of the first setting device S 1 . Further, as a result of the test position, a test delay time of 0.5 s comes into effect in the microcontroller  15 . If in the test position the phase currents I 1 , I 2 , I 3  are switched on by switching on the motor circuit breaker which is connected to the release, they are detected and measured by way of the chain of action consisting of the current transformer  11 , the rectifier arrangements  12 , the load resistors  13 , the smoothing circuits  14  and the microcontroller  15 . In general, the detected and measured phase currents I 1 , I 2 , I 3  are at least 80% (in the present example 6.4 A or more) of the minimum nominal current value. After the test delay time of 0.5 s from switching on the phase currents I 1 , I 2  and I 3  has elapsed, the microcontroller  15  emits a release signal SA at the signal output  60 , as a result of which the actuator  16  is activated and the motor circuit breaker is switched off. In this way, the functionality test of the entire chain of action from the current transformers  11  to the actuator  16  would have been carried out successfully. Delaying the release by the test delay time of 0.5 s provides that, by this point, the supply current Vcc has built up sufficiently that reliable operation of the electronic overcurrent release  1  is ensured in this respect. 
       FIG. 3  shows a compact configuration of the first and the second setting devices S 1  and S 2  respectively. The first setting device S 1  consists of a dual 16-setting switch (hexadecimal switch), and the second setting device S 2  consists of a 10-setting dual switch (decimal switch). The two setting devices S 1 , S 2  have one input each and four dual-level outputs each. The respectively equal-valued outputs of the two setting devices S 1 , S 2  are logically OR-linked, via diode pairs V 1 , V 2 , V 4  and V 8  and a respective link resistor R 1 , R 2 , R 4  and R 8  which counters the supply voltage Vcc, and supplied to the control inputs  50  to  53  of the microcontroller  15 . The microcontroller  15  outputs an interrogation signal SHL, which continually alternates between HIGH and LOW, directly to the input of the first setting device S 1  and indirectly, via a negation stage comprising a switching transistor V 2 , to the second setting device S 2 . In this way, the dual outputs of the first and second setting devices S 1  and S 2  each alternately become active, and are interrogated by the microcomputer  16  via the control inputs  50  to  53 , together with the alternation of the interrogation signal SHL. 
     While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive. It will be understood that changes and modifications may be made by those of ordinary skill within the scope of the following claims. In particular, the present invention covers further embodiments with any combination of features from different embodiments described above and below. 
     LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                  1 
                 overcurrent release 
               
               
                   
                  3 
                 housing 
               
               
                   
                 5, 6 
                 contacts for actuator 
               
               
                   
                 11 
                 current transformer 
               
               
                   
                 12 
                 rectifier arrangement 
               
               
                   
                 13 
                 load resistor 
               
               
                   
                 14 
                 smoothing circuit 
               
               
                   
                 15 
                 microcontroller 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 actuator 
               
               
                   
                 17 
                 network component 
               
               
                   
                 41 . . . 43 
                 measurement inputs 
               
               
                   
                 50 . . . 53 
                 control inputs 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 signal outputs 
               
               
                   
                 I1, I2, I3 
                 phase currents 
               
               
                   
                 R1, R2, R4, R8 
                 link resistors 
               
               
                   
                 SA 
                 release signal 
               
               
                   
                 S1, S2 
                 setting devices 
               
               
                   
                 Vcc 
                 supply voltage 
               
               
                   
                 V1, V2, V4, V8 
                 diode pairs 
               
               
                   
                 V1 
                 transistor switch 
               
               
                   
                 V2 
                 switch transistor