Abstract:
A method of vacuum drying sludge or slurry input material comprises providing a closed-ended vacuum tunnel with at least two interior augers. The tunnel has an interior bed recessed with adjacent troughs separated by a low partition for accommodating the two augers in closely-spaced generally-horizontal side-by-side relation. The augers are driven counter-rotating such the input material re-circulates in an endless loop down one auger, over to the other and back again. The augers have screws formed with stubby flights to form a cut-and-fold arrangement and disintegrate the material. The chamber is heated up to or over 70° C. and a current of air is suctioned into the tunnel through inlets and out through ports in part pull a slight vacuum in the tunnel as well as to suction up and draw out disintegrating fractions of the material including gasified fractions, waftable finely divided particulate fractions and other waftable fractions.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO PROVISIONAL APPLICATION(S) 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/329,089, filed Oct. 13, 2001. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to vacuum treatment or disintegration of a waste stream such as sludges or slurries of animal wastes produced by agricultural operations or alternatively municipal wastewater or other slurry streams. More particularly, the invention accomplishes disintegration and thereby liquid and particulate separation by various vacuum and heat drying treatments. 
     In cases of some input materials for treatment in accordance with the invention, useful end-products are obtained from all or fractions of the input stream. For example, in cases of treatment of egg-shell waste from an egg-producing or -utilizing operation, the treatment in accordance with the invention facilitates separating the shell from the membrane. The membrane matter obtained by treatment in accordance with the invention desirably contains collagen that is extractable by other processes still. The collagen-content of the membrane, after treatment in accordance with the invention, is optimally pathogen free:—that is, not merely allergen free or allergy tested but also pathogen free. 
     A number of additional features and objects will be apparent in connection with the following discussion of preferred embodiments and examples. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     There are shown in the drawings certain exemplary embodiments of the invention as presently preferred. It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed as examples, and is capable of variation within the scope of the appended claims. In the drawings, 
     FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of vacuum drying treatment apparatus in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a view comparable to FIG. 1 except from a relatively lower-elevation vantage point and moved around by a small angular distance counter-clockwise so that the opposite side of the apparatus is more clearly in view. 
     FIG. 3 is a view comparable to FIG. 2 except viewing the far end of the apparatus such that the (infeed) end that is in the foreground in FIGS. 1 and 2 is here in this view in the distance. 
     FIG. 4 is a side perspective view of an air-lock gate on the apparatus&#39; infeed end. 
     FIG. 5 is an lengthwise top perspective view of the infeed end of the vacuum drying apparatus, with a foreground portion of the hood removed from view for clarity of viewing various internal components. 
     FIG. 6 is a lateral top perspective view of the structure of FIG. 5 wherein this view shows a grinder occupying a central position between tandem augers in the infeed section of the vacuum drying apparatus. 
     FIG. 7 is an end elevation view of the end of the apparatus opposite the infeed end, which end serves as a transfer or return end for a re-circulating loop of material within the apparatus. 
     FIG. 8 is a longitudinal view inside the vacuum drying apparatus with the hood in place. 
     FIG. 9 is a lengthwise view comparable to FIG. 8 except with the hood and augers removed from view. 
     FIG. 10 is a close-up section view comparable to FIG. 9 except showing a pair of auger troughs partitioned by a low, crowned partition, which is shown in section to depict aspects of a water jacket. 
     FIG. 11 is a pictorial view comparable to FIG. 1 except showing an alternate embodiment of the vacuum drying treatment apparatus in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 12 is a pictorial view of the FIG. 11 embodiment except from a vantage point comparable to FIG.  2 . 
     FIGS. 13 through 15 comprise a series of views to show post-auger chamber treatment of the suctioned out material in accordance with the invention, wherein: 
     FIG. 13 is a side pictorial view of the return or transfer end of the vacuum auger chamber, and out from which end processed material is drawn or suctioned in part, showing initial stages for separating fractions of the suctioned out material, 
     FIG. 14 is a pictorial view of a succeeding separation apparatus following the FIG. 13 apparatus (ie., namely the relatively larger cyclone in FIG.  13 ), and 
     FIG. 15 is a pictorial view of yet another successive separation apparatus following the FIG. 14 apparatus. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of vacuum drying treatment apparatus  20  in accordance with the invention. The vantage point of this view gives an end perspective from a high elevation of an infeed end of the apparatus  20 , as can be reckoned by an infeed funnel  46  in the foreground. The infeed funnel  46  sits on top of a cylindrical air-lock gate  48  that in turn sits above a vacuum process chamber (not indicated by reference numeral view in this view but see reference numeral  25  in, eg., FIG.  4 ). An overhead vacuum header  52  occupies the highest elevation in the view. The overhead vacuum header  52  terminates in an open flange but in use, the open flange is connected by piping to a suitable high power vacuum source or pump (not shown by the drawings). Beneath the overhead vacuum header  52  is a hood  28  (ie., having an inverted-V shape and shown better by FIGS. 2,  3 ,  5  and  7 ). The hood  28  covers a base (see, eg., FIG. 7 for base  26  and hood  28 ), wherein the base  26  in isolation is shown more particularly by FIG.  9 . Dual hot-air manifolds  54  comprise a pair of pipes flanking the opposite sides of the base. 
     FIG. 2 is a view comparable to FIG. 1 of the inventive apparatus  20  except from a relatively lower-elevation vantage point and moved around by a small angular distance counter-clockwise, so that the opposite side of the hood  28  (as well as the base  26 , eg., see FIG. 9) is more clearly in view. The hood  28  is shown formed with three hatches which in use are to closed by windows to permit observation and study. This side&#39;s hot-air manifold  54  is formed with three (3) hot-air injectors  56  which are more particularly described in connection with FIG.  5 . 
     FIG. 3 is a view comparable to FIG. 2 except viewing the far end of the inventive apparatus  20  such that the input end that is in the foreground in FIGS. 1 and 2 is here in this view in the distance, as can be reckoned by the infeed funnel  46 . This view shows that the generally-closed end of a vacuum header  52  (in the foreground) includes an eductor pipe  58  connected to a drain at the bottom of the vacuum drying chamber  25  formed by the hood  28  and base  26 . The eductor drain  58  permits periodic syphoning out of irreducible fractions that resist from being suctioned out of the top of the hood  28  as airborne dust. The hood&#39;s flank on this side is formed with five (5) hot-air injectors  56 . 
     FIG. 4 is a side perspective view of the infeed funnel  46  and its sub-attached air-lock gate  48 , as well as the input end&#39;s motor bank. The air-lock gate  48  comprises a nearly-cylindrical body sandwiched between opposed flat sidewalls (only near side flat sidewall in view) between which span a hoop side wall. Inside the cylinder body (but not in view) are the vanes of an enclosed vane gear. The enclosed vane gear is driven to rotate. Material introduced in the top of the hopper falls into the vanes, and is rotated by the vanes to drop out of the air-lock gate through an open bottom (not in view) into the vacuum drying chamber  25 . The vanes form a seal by scraping between the opposed flat sidewalls and scraping past the hoop sidewall to seal in the vacuum in the hooded, vacuum drying process chamber  25  (ie., formed by the closure between the hood  28  and base  26 ). The motors in the view supply the drive power for the air-lock gate  48  (as well as the internal augers, grinders and paddles not in view but shown by, eg., FIGS. 5,  6  and  8 ). 
     FIG. 5 is an lengthwise top perspective view of the input end of the vacuum drying chamber  25  and base  26 , with a foreground portion of the hood  28  removed from view for clarity of viewing various internal components. More particularly, the infeed funnel and air-lock gate are removed from view, as is a foreground section of the hood  28 . The view shows a set of tandem augers  36  and  38  resting in their respective troughs (not indicated by reference numerals in this view but see FIG.  9 ). One air jet nozzle  56  that is representative of the series of others is shown extending through the hood  28  and aimed directly at the auger  36  on the opposite side of the chamber  25 , and angled down at about 45°. 
     FIG. 6 is a lateral top perspective view of the structure of FIG. 5 wherein this view shows an input-end grinder  62  occupying a central position between the tandem augers  36  and  38 . The grinder  62  bristles with four axial rows of spokes  68 . In addition, this view also shows the pair of paddles  44  on the return-auger&#39;s terminal end (ie., one is up and the other down). With reference to FIG. 1 or  2 , material introduced through the air-lock gate lands on the paddles, which kick the material into the grinder  66 , the ejection from which feeds the primary auger  36  in the foreground. To be clear, the foreground auger is the primary auger  36  as the far side auger is the return auger  38 . The far-side or return auger&#39;s screw terminates short of the grinder  62  and is there provided with the at least two diametrically opposed paddles  44 . Hence the paddles  44  are fixed to the same shaft as the return auger  38 . In a preferred embodiment, the auger/paddle shafts are driven at speeds adjustable between about five and eighty r.p.m. (ie., simultaneously), and the grinder  62  is driven at speeds up to about 850 r.p.m. The end of the shafts opposite to what is in view here in FIG. 6 (which is, ie., the transfer end) is constructed with a like arrangement of paddles and grinder, except that the primary auger  36 &#39;s shaft (ie., the one in the foreground) is outfitted with paddles. With reference back to FIGS. 2 and 3, they show that there are five (5) hot air injectors trained on the primary auger  36  while there are three (3) hot air injectors trained on the return auger  38 . 
     FIG. 7 is an end elevation view of the transfer or return end of the apparatus  20  shown by FIG.  6 . This view shows another motor  62 ′ for driving the grinder in the return end. The overhead vacuum header  52  is shown blanked off in this view but is preferably adapted with the eductor pipe  58  (eg., syphon-like pipe) shown in FIG.  3 . In this embodiment, overhead vacuum header  52  has four (4) suction ports  50  apertured in the top of the hood  28 . 
     FIG. 8 is a longitudinal view inside the vacuum drying chamber  25  with the hood  28  in place. The base  26  of the chamber  25  is elongated to hold the tandem augers  36  and  38  as shown, each which in this embodiment measures about eighteen feet (5½ m) long by about twelve inches (˜⅓ m) in diameter. The augers are partitioned by a central low crown  64  with sloping side walls. This view shows the cut-and-fold construction of the augers, meaning that the screws are sporadically attached with stubby flights  66  as shown. It is a preferred option if—at varying axial locations along the auger shafts—a gap is formed in the screw and is instead replaced with intermediate thrashers (none of these are in view in the drawings). Briefly, such preferred thrashers would comprise spoke rods that further pulverize the passing material. 
     FIG. 9 is a lengthwise view comparable to FIG. 8 except with the hood and augers removed from view. The base  26  is formed with the tandem troughs  34  as shown, partitioned by the central crown  64 . 
     FIG. 10 is a close-up section view comparable to FIG. 9 except showing the central crown  64  in section to depict aspects of the water jacket that constitutes the base  26 . 
     Given the foregoing, in cases in which the invention  20  is used to treat poultry manure, the introduced material will typically average 70% chicken manure with a moisture content averaging between a range from 30% to 90% moisture. By means of the injected hot air and the water-heated base  26 , the chamber  25  is kept at about between ˜180° F. and ˜200° F. (ie., ˜80° C. and ˜90° C.). Water, for example, boils at 166° F. at twenty inches of mercury (ie., ˜75° C. at ⅔ rds  an atmosphere). The design operating pressure for the chamber  25  is between about twenty and twenty-four inches of mercury (ie., ˜⅔ rds  and ⅘ ths  of an atmosphere). The design throughput of material is about 500 lbs (˜225 kg) per minute, or in other words about 15 tons (˜13½ metric tonnes) per hour. 
     A more particular description of the invention can be presented as follows. The invention comprises a method and apparatus for vacuum treatment of waste streams such as sludges or slurries of animal or biologic wastes produced by agricultural operations like poultry farms or poultry-product food operations. The invention however has broader application than poultry materials. Poultry waste can be reckoned alternatively as either manure materials or else as egg materials including primarily broken shells and membrane. It is an object of the invention to render useful end-products from treatment in accordance with the invention. For example, in the case of manure materials it is desirable to obtain pathogen-free fertilizer from the input stream. Alternatively, in the case of egg materials it is desirable to obtain pathogen-free membrane from the input stream, wherein the output membrane is also free of shell bits and dust as will be more apparent in connection with the following discussion of preferred embodiment and examples. Additionally, the recovered shell bits and dust can be utilized for its calcium and other minerals and constituent materials. 
     In general, the invention comprises a sequence of operations including, briefly, an optional pre-treatment of the supply material for enhancing effectiveness of the succeeding vacuum and drying treatment, and then a series of optional post-treatment operations such as separation of the vacuum treatment&#39;s discharge into further fractions. 
     The inventive method is carried out by among other things an inventive chamber  25  for carrying out a vacuum drying process. At some stage in the sequence of events an input material such as a slurry, sludge, or some other semi-liquid-solid material (eg., generically, slurry or waste material) gets introduced into the vacuum drying chamber  25 . Preferably this is done in a regulated fashion through an air-lock gate  48 . That way, the air-lock gate  48  allows the vacuum drying chamber  25  to remain at a relatively evacuated pressure while the waste material is introduced. The vacuum drying chamber  25  rests on an electronic scale(s) (not shown), and the scale(s) provide signals to a control system (not shown). The control system is configured for automating much of the inventive method, including controlling the introduction of the input slurry or waste material into the vacuum drying chamber  25 . As the vacuum drying chamber  25  becomes lighter though removal or discharge of diverse streams of treated material, a low weight condition is sensed by the control system from monitoring the signals from the electronic scale(s). In response, the control system calls for introduction of more input material until the vacuum drying chamber  25  weighs as heavy as a high weight condition. 
     The supply of the input material to the air-lock gate  48  is optionally handled with pre-treatment apparatus that are more particulary described in connection with FIGS. 11 and 12 hereof. FIGS. 1,  2  and  4  show simply a disconnected infeed funnel  46  sitting on top of the air-lock gate  48 . Briefly for now, the input material fed by the pre-treatment apparatus described in connection with FIGS. 11 and 12 get channeled down into the air-lock gate  48 . The air-lock gate  48  has a construction to transfer material from an intake side to an output side while isolating pressure differences between the two sides. In other words, the air-lock gate  48  prevents room pressure from excessively leaking into the chamber  25  and thereby wrecking the vacuum. The construction of the air-lock gate  48  includes internal vanes (not shown) that are driven to rotate about a horizontal axis through full turns. As the vanes rotate from a top or intake position to a side position they form a vacuum seal by the vanes&#39; lateral edges being closely flanked between opposed flat sidewalls of the air-lock gate  48 &#39;s cylindrical housing, and by the vane&#39;s terminal edges closely scraping by the cylindrical housing&#39;s hoop sidewall. At the bottom or output position of their turning, the vanes empty the carried material through an open bottom directly into the vacuum drying chamber  25 . The air-lock gate  48  is controlled by the control system (again, not shown) to introduce measured amounts of material as needed. This can be achieved by ON and OFF control, or by slowing or speeding up the drive of the vanes to gain some measure of proportionate control, or by a combination of such options among others. 
     Inside the vacuum drying chamber  25 , it has a pair of tandem re-circulating augers  36  and  38 . That is, the augers  36  and  38  lay side-by-side and extend between an input end and a transfer end. One auger  36  serves as the primary run as the other auger  38  serves as the return run. The vacuum drying chamber has disposed inside itself, at the input end, a distinctly separate grinder section  62 . 
     The grinder section  62  is disposed on a turning axis approximately parallel to the axes of the two augers  36  and  38 . In FIG. 6 the grinder  62  is shown approximately centered between the ends of the two augers  36  and  38  (ie., and at the input end of the chamber  25 ). In FIGS. 11 and 12 the arrangement of the alternate embodiment of the invention differs a little. Returning to FIG. 6, the grinder section  62  has a central shaft that bristles with four rows of radial spokes  68 . In each row, the spokes  68  are spaced apart from one another by a gap approximately the width of one spoke  68 . In other words, each row comprises an axial-progression of spoke  68 , gap, spoke  68 , gap and so on, to the end of the progression. Each row (ie., each axial series) of spokes  68  is arranged about 90° apart from the neighboring row(s) around the grinder  62 &#39;s central shaft. That way, alternate rows of spokes are diametrically opposite from one another as well intermediate the flanking intervening rows. Indeed, each spoke  68  in a given row is diametrically opposite a spoke  68  in the respective alternate row. In contrast, each spoke  68  in a given row is axially-staggered from the spokes  68  in the flanking rows and, therefore, a spoke  68  in a given row actually aligns with gaps in the flanking rows  68 . 
     In use, the input material dropping in from the air-lock gate  48  is dropped onto the terminal end of the return auger  38 . Both augers  36  and  38  are characterized by a central drive shaft formed with external screws (eg., the spiral windings on the drive shafts). The return auger  38 &#39;s terminal end is characterized by a gap defined by termination of the screw, and in this gap—ie., between the cessation of the screw and the wall of the input end of the vacuum drying chamber  25 —the return auger  38 &#39;s shaft carries a pair of diametrically-opposed paddles  44 . Each paddle  44  is simply a straight vane-like structure which operates to scrape material out of the bottom of the terminal end of the return auger  38 &#39;s trough  34 , and flip it into the grinder  62 . As soon as the scraped up material is flipped into the grinder  62 , the spokes  68  pulverize the material, and kick it as by ejecting it over onto the input end of the primary auger  36 . The screw of the primary auger  36  transports the material down the primary run to the transfer end. The transfer end has a like paddle-and-grinder arrangement as the input end (see, eg., the grinder motor  62 ′ for the transfer end in FIG.  7 ). That is, the &#39;screw of the primary auger  36  terminates short of the chamber  25 &#39;s end wall at the transfer end (this is not shown) to form a gap. This gap is filled with a like pair of paddles that scrape the bottom of the primary auger  36 &#39;s trough  34  and flips the material into the transfer-end&#39;s grinder (eg.,  62 ′, although none of the foregoing structure is shown in the drawings). The transfer-end grinder (eg.,  62 ′) likewise pulverizes the material it receives and also kicks or transfers over the residual material into the start of the return auger  38 . The screw of the return auger  38  motivates the ever disintegrating or reducing material to the point of origin, ie., the input end&#39;s paddle-and-grinder arrangement  44 / 62 . There, the ever-disintegrating residual material is mixed in with newly introduced material by way of the air-lock gate  48 . The mixture of newly-introduced material and leftover residual material (ie., as returned by the return auger  38 ) are hence started down the primary augur  36 . By these means the material is re-circulated in such fashion as a continuous loop. 
     FIG. 8 shows that the screws of the augers  36  and  38  have a series of flights  66  (eg., only in view for the return auger  38 ) attached to them. Sometimes this arrangement of screw and flights is referred to as a cut-and-fold arrangement. These flights  66  kick up or fluff the material along the way. The augers  36  and  38  turn counter-rotating relative each other. In particular, in FIG. 8, it is preferred if the primary auger  36  (on the right in the view) turns counter-clockwise as the return auger  38  (on the left) turns clockwise. That way, the tandem augers  36  and  38  toss material at each other over the low partition  64  between them. Trials show that after three or four minutes of treatment, a large fraction of the introduced material is reduced to substantially gaseous or finely-divided material which can be uplifted and suctioned out the suction ports  50 . Of what remains, the primary auger  36  wins out over the return auger  38  and the such remaining material is transported by the primary auger  38  to a solid-material eductor exit (eg.,  58 ) described more particularly below. The augers  36  and  38  are driven at speeds adjustable in a preferred range of between about five and eighty r.p.m. 
     The tandem augers  36  and  38  rest in a base  26  formed with dual auger-troughs  34  and  34  spaced by the above-mentioned low partition  64 . The base  26  is covered by and sealed over with a hood  28 .which in some views including FIG. 8 has inverted-V shape. The base  26  is heated by means of being constructed with a surrounding water jacket. Water heated to ˜200° F. (˜90° C.) is circulated through the water jacket to provide one source of heat to the vacuum drying chamber  25 . The combined effects of vacuum and heat starts the drying of the material, causing among other effects the vaporizing of water and other volatile and/or vaporizable components. The material reduces to becoming an ever drier and disintegrating solid fraction, eventually reducing into dust or that is, a lightweight particulate capable of being suctioned out of the chamber  25  by a source of suction. The vaporizable and volatile components as well as the particulate material capable of being suctioned out this way are continually drawn out of the vacuum drying chamber  25  through the suction or exhaust ports  50 . 
     Pause can be taken at this point, and the foregoing brief overview can be slightly expanded upon in the following respects. To accomplish drying, the introduced material is conveyed around the re-circulating loop  36  and  38  in an out-and-back fashion by the tandem, side-by-side augers  36  and  38 . The augers  36  and  38  rest in a narrow, elongated base  26  formed with dual auger troughs  34  and  34 . The base  26  including the troughs  34  is(are) heated by hot water circulating in the base  26 &#39;s water jacket. As the material is motivated along the primary auger  36 &#39;s run and then returned back by the return auger  38 &#39;s run, the material is heated in the evacuated pressure of the vacuum drying chamber  25  such that vaporizable and volatile components are given off by the material (eg., such components “flash”). The augers  36  and  38  cause agitation and disintegration of the reducing material by having a cut-and-fold construction. Optionally, the screws of the augers  36  and  38  are gapped in places and replaced by thrashing spokes (not shown), which further agitate and break up the reducing material. The reducing material is transferred between the augers at each end by the sets of spokes  68  of the grinders  62 . The grinders  62  significantly contribute to the pulverizing and/or disintegration, or reduction of the material into a fine particulate. Hence the reducing material is reduced from being slurry to sludge, then clumps (or “balls”) by a succession of transforming into ever smaller gradations of fineness. The material is constantly subjected to drying and agitation and thus is constantly losing its cohesiveness. 
     Moreover, the material is subjected to several jets of hot air (ie., by means of injectors  56 ). The injectors  56  of the hot air jets are aimed directly onto the material while motivated by the augers  36  and  38  (see, eg., FIG.  5 ). These injectors  56  are disposed at several points in the primary and return runs  36  and  38 . The hot air injectors  56  not only promote drying but also enable the swirling entrainment or “uplift” of the reducing material in the form of dust or fine particulate. The uplifted dust (or fine particulate) is light enough to be suctioned out the suction ports  50  in the top of the hood  28 . Whatever fraction of the reducing material that survives the primary run  36  is then handled at the transfer end by being shoved into a flailing grinder (eg.,  62 ′), which further breaks up the material into clouds of dust for suctioning out the suction ports  50  in the hood  28 . The transfer end&#39;s flailing grinder (eg.,  62 ′) further facilitates reduction of the material. Material which survives the transfer end&#39;s grinder (eg.,  62 ′) is subjected to the same treatment in the return run  38 , eg., heating and agitation by various means including the hot air injectors  56 . 
     The throughput rate of the material is controlled such that predominantly all but a fraction of the material is reduced by the time it returns to the point of origin, ie., the input end. If not reduced and uplifted yet, the persisting material is continually re-circulated through the circuit  36  and  38 , undergoing the various punishments including pulverizing by the grinders  62  at both ends, cutting and folding by the screws of the augers  36  and  38  and their stubby flights  66 , thrashing by the thrashers (if any), and the heating and the air injectors  56  and then ultimately the vacuum (eg., header and ports  52  and  50 ). Nevertheless, after an extended period of operation, an irreducible fraction accumulates sufficiently that it is extracted out of the troughs  34  by various drains including an eductor drain  58  (eg., more nearly a syphon) as shown by FIG. 3 for this purpose. 
     Given the foregoing, the material is predominantly vaporized, disintegrated or atomized, and/or beaten into such a cloud of dust that it can be suctioned out the vacuum ports  50 . The suctioned out material is essentially pathogen free. 
     The suction ports  50  are coupled to a powerful source of vacuum (not shown). Under preferred operating conditions, the source of vacuum evacuates the chamber  25  down to a vacuum pressure of between about twenty and twenty four inches of mercury (ie., ˜⅔ rds  and ⅘ ths  of an atmosphere), which includes vacuuming out the air introduced in the form of the hot air jets  56 . Accordingly, a substantial exhaust of air, vapor and/or volatile components as well as entrained dust/particulate exits out of the vacuum drying chamber in a rush through the vacuum ports  50 . The suctioned-out stream is pulled out through the vacuum header  52  which preferably incorporates a series of venturi jets (not shown), perhaps four or so, which are specially restricted nozzles designed to accelerate the flowrate of the suctioned-out stream that is drawn out of the chamber  25 . 
     Since the venturi jets do act to drop the temperature of the suctioned-out stream, features are included to counteract the temperature drop because if it were not, the temperature drop would condense some of the vapor and then perhaps dampen the dry dust, perhaps leading to agglomeration and clumping. However, the features which counteract the temperature drop at the venturi jets include sources of heat like thermal water jackets for heating up the vacuum header  52  to the vacuum drying chamber  25 &#39;s temperature. Thus, this keeps the exhaust stream hot until further processed for separation. The vacuum header  52  might optionally be constructed with internal impingement surfaces, such as a fixed screw to swirl the output stream or the like, which among other things keeps the output stream swirling in a state of turbulence. 
     To turn now to FIG. 11, it is a pictorial view comparable to FIG. 1 except showing an alternate embodiment  20 ′ of the vacuum drying treatment apparatus in accordance with the invention. Additionally, this alternate vacuum drying chamber  25 ′ is mounted elevated on scaffolding, the hood and base thereof (hidden from view) being wrapped inside a casing of insulation to reduce the heat loss to the room. The air-lock gate  48  is fed an input stream of material (not in view) from an overhead supply pipe which is encased inside an annular water jacket. The water jacket is circulated with hot water to pre-heat the infeed material before being introduced by the air-lock gate  48  into the vacuum drying chamber  25 ′. In like fashion, the air supply for chamber  25 ′ including the air injectors is also pre-heated by surrounding the air manifold/pipes in water jackets serviced by hot water. 
     FIG. 12 is a pictorial view of the FIG. 11 embodiment  20 ′ except from a vantage point comparable to FIG.  2 . This view show aspects of a hot-water manifold  82  for supplying the hot water feed to the various water jackets of the invention. 
     FIGS. 13 through 15 comprise a series of views to show post-auger chamber (eg.,  25 ′) treatment of the suctioned out material. 
     More particularly, the apparatus shown by FIGS. 13 through 15 illustrate various devices and arrangements thereof in accordance with the invention which are especially adapted for separating egg shell and egg membrane fractions after the auger chamber (eg.  25 ′) vacuum drying treatment. 
     FIG. 13 is a side pictorial view of an exhaust or discharge end of the vacuum drying chamber  25 ′. This view shows that the vacuum manifold services at least two streams of suctioned-out or discharge fractions. One stream is gathered from low-elevation suction ports in the chamber  25 ′ and by weight-fraction more heavily comprises the relatively-irreducible solid fractions of the input material which neither gasify nor pulverize sufficiently to swirl up and drawn through relatively higher elevation if not overhead suction ports. This such solid fraction is separated quickly at the beginning of the separation stages by a settling process assisted by one or more mini cyclones and of course gravity. This such solid fraction settles down to a low elevation where it is fed into the intake of an inclined auger conveyor. Midway up the inclined auger conveyor this solid stream is allowed to spill over a lip and down a chute  86  formed with an air gate to preserve the vacuum inside the chamber  25 ′. This solid fraction comprises substantially pure shell matter. 
     In contrast, the other fraction of the discharge comprises not only gasified and/or vapor components but also finely divided particulate as well as other “waftable” matter such as membranous matter. The finely divided particulate and membranous matter is a mixture which is mostly membrane, except also comprising shell dust and bits as well as a composite material that comprises membrane pieces which as yet persistently hold onto shell bits. This other fraction of gasified and/or vapor components as well as finely divided particulate and membranous material is drawn out through a relatively large cyclone  90  as shown for separating into diverse streams:—namely, one stream substantially comprises the throughput air as well as the gasified and/or vapor fractions, as the other stream substantially comprises the finely divided particulate and membranous matter. 
     FIG. 14 is a pictorial view of a succeeding separation apparatus following the FIG. 13 apparatus (ie., namely the spill-out from the relatively larger cyclone  90 ). This view shows a “crumble screen” or, in other words, a drum-type tumbling screen  92 . The drum-type tumbling screen rotates and has a mesh size chosen to allow the filtering-out of shell dust and bits while passing on the fractional portions that comprise membrane as well as the membrane pieces which persistently hold onto shell bits. 
     FIG. 15 is a pictorial view of yet another successive separation apparatus following the FIG. 14 apparatus (ie., namely the drum-type tumbling screen  92 ). This view shows an inclined pipe  94  ventilated with a series of axially-spaced scrape slots  96  along its bottom. This ventilated pipe  94  contains an internal flex auger (not in view) which transports the infeed material up the incline, from an origin comprising a lower intake port to a termination comprising an upper discharge end. The transported material is scraped across the series of axially-spaced slots  96  to achieve further dropping out of shell dust and bits. More significantly, this achieves further disengagement between membrane and retained shell bits. The output of this ventilated pipe  94  yields substantially pure membrane. 
     The membrane recovered by the method in accordance with the invention is useful for other processes not encompassed by the invention for extracting collagen. The membrane provided by the inventive method is substantially if not absolutely pathogen-free. The collagen which can be extracted from the membrane is useful for many end-uses including by way of a non-limiting example for mixing into consumer shampoo products. 
     The invention having been disclosed in connection with the foregoing variations and examples, additional variations will now be apparent to persons skilled in the art. The invention is not intended to be limited to the variations specifically mentioned, and accordingly reference should be made to the appended claims rather than the foregoing discussion of preferred examples, to assess the scope of the invention in which exclusive rights are claimed.