Abstract:
A boat includes a hull provided with a rear stern hatch located in correspondence with an internal stern compartment of the hull and suitable for opening and closing in correspondence with an aperture of the compartment, the hatch having a body with opposed side located in correspondence with side walls of the compartment and a upper edge and a lower edge. The hatch includes an actuator to open and close the compartment arranged inside its own body. The actuator rotatably constraining at least one of the sides of the hatch to the hull. The body being not provided with any further connections of the sides to the hull.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This is a §371 National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/IB2015/051540 filed on Mar. 3, 2015, claiming the priority of Italian Patent Application No. MI2014A000336 filed on Mar. 5, 2014. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The object of the present invention is a boat according to the preamble of the main claim. EP2305553 presents the characteristics of the invention described in said preamble. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Boats having a stern compartment provided with at least one closing stern hatch of its own are known for a long time. Such a compartment is used, for instance, to house a small boat or a tender. It is also known that in the stern portion, many prestigious boats have a stern platform determined by a projecting plane suitable for operating as a “small beach” for the boat&#39;s passengers. 
         [0004]    With reference to said hatch, it can be moved with the purpose of freeing or closing an aperture to access the stern compartment (from the sea or from the stern platform). For this purpose, actuating members are usually provided, usually in the form of telescopic members which constrain the body of the hatch to side walls of the stern compartment. This solution implies that, irrespective of whether the hatch is closed or open, such telescopic (pneumatic or hydraulic) members limit the internal space of the stern compartment. The hatch being open, conversely, they can be hitted against by those who occupy the craft, who might hurt themselves or in any case cause even non negligible physical damages to themselves. 
         [0005]    Also, the presence of said telescopic actuating members makes the mounting of the hatch onto the aperture of the stern compartment a rather complex operation, in that it shall be performed through a number of successive steps, which include positioning the hatch and the actuating members locally, constraining the latter to the wall of the stern compartment and to the hatch body, and correctly adjusting the position of the latter with respect to the aperture of the stern compartment so as to allow an optimum closing. 
         [0006]    Also add to this the fact that in the known solutions mentioned above the hatch and the walls of the compartment shall comprise hinge means and countermeans to allow the rotary motion (around said hinges) to open and close the hatch onto the compartment. Consequently, a need arises for associating hinge pins with the opposed sides of the hatch or with the walls of the compartment, such pins being suitable for being housed within seats provided for this purpose in said walls and sides. All of this requires non negligible times or difficulties, also considering that a hatch of the type under examination possibly features a surface of several square meters. 
         [0007]    EP2305553, which forms the preamble of claim  1 , describes a side service door for boats comprising shaped shutters applied at a boat compartment. Operation means are operatively connected to each shutter and are coupled with the hull of the boat; the above operation means are suitable to move each shutter between a rest position wherein the shutters close the compartment and a working position in which each shutter protrudes from the hull. 
         [0008]    The operation means are externally located to each shutter at least when the shutter is in its working position. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    The purpose of the present invention is to offer a boat that is enhanced with respect to the known boats. 
         [0010]    Specifically, a purpose of the present invention is to offer a boat provided with a stern compartment on which a corresponding stern hatch not rigidly connected to the boat, is located. 
         [0011]    More specifically, a purpose of the invention is to offer a boat provided with a stern compartment on an aperture of which a corresponding stern hatch is located which is moved by means that do not limit the amplitude of the compartment either when the hatch is closed or it is open. 
         [0012]    Another purpose is to offer a boat of the type mentioned above, in which the hatch can be assembled onto the stern compartment with reduced times and costs with respect to those requested to assemble hatches onto their corresponding compartments in boats according to the present status of the art. 
         [0013]    A further purpose is to offer a boat in which the hatch is not provided with any hinge means suitable for cooperating with their corresponding countermeans associated with the stern compartment, this allowing to reduce the costs and times necessary to assemble the hatch onto the boat. 
         [0014]    A further purpose is to offer a boat in which one and the same hatch, if properly configured, can be alternatively hinged so as to open toward the stern platform and far away therefrom, being it possible to take said decision even at the last moment just upon finishing the craft. 
         [0015]    A further purpose of the invention is to offer a boat in which one and the same stern hatch is capable of performing a dual function, i.e. closing the stern compartment and operating as a plane to stay on or rear small beach defined by a surface lacking in projecting members, said hatch being obviously movable so as to allow the opening of and the access to the stern compartment. 
         [0016]    Another purpose is to offer a boat of the mentioned type in which the stern hatch can be used reliably in each of its positions assumed with respect to the craft. 
         [0017]    These purposes and others which will be apparent to those expert in the art are achieved by a boat according to the attached claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
         [0018]    For a better understanding of the present invention the following drawings are attached for purely explanatory, not exhaustive, purposes, of which: 
           [0019]      FIG. 1  shows the stern of a boat according to the invention, its stern hatch being closed; 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  shows the stern of the boat depicted in  FIG. 1 , its hatch being open downwards; 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  shows the stern of the boat depicted in  FIG. 1 , the hatch being further opened downwards; 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  shows the stern of the boat, the hatch being in the closed position and partially cross-sectioned showing the hatch opening and closing actuating means; 
           [0023]      FIG. 5  shows an enlarged, transparent view of the hatch highlighting the detail identified by A in  FIG. 4 ; 
           [0024]      FIG. 6  shows a cross-sectional view according to the line  6 - 6  of  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0025]      FIG. 7  shows a side view of the hatch actuating means; 
           [0026]      FIG. 8  shows an enlarged, transparent perspective view of the hatch in its open configuration according to  FIG. 2 ; and 
           [0027]      FIG. 9  shows a cross-sectional view according to the line  9 - 9  of  FIG. 2 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0028]    With reference to the mentioned figures, a boat  1  is (partially, in its stern portion only) shown as comprising a hull  2  having a stern hatch  3  suitable for enclosing a stern compartment  4 , for instance suitable for housing a small boat like a dinghy or a tender (not shown in the figures). Such compartment  4  comprises an aperture  5 , opposed side walls  6 , an upper part  7 , and a lower part  8 . 
         [0029]    The stern hatch  3  comprises an outer wall  10 , an inner wall  11  (generally made of fiberglass, for instance like the hull  2 ) spaced from each other by sides  12  and  13 , upper and lower edges  14  and  15 ; such walls  10  and  11 , said sides  12  and  13 , and the upper and lower edges  14  and  15  determine a body  20  of the hatch. 
         [0030]    In the embodiment depicted in the figures, the hatch  3  is capable of opening toward a stern platform  21  of the hull  2 , i.e. it is capable of opening downwards with respect to the compartment  4 . Should such platform  21  feature a central portion  21 A lowered toward the water (on which the boat floats) with respect to the side portions  21 B and  21 C, the hatch  3  might reach, when open, a position in which its inner wall  11  is coplanar with the lower wall  8  of the compartment  4 , as shown in  FIG. 3 . Obviously, the same coplanarity can be obtained, the wall  8  being realized in such a way as to fit in with the wall  11 , even in the case of a hatch according to  FIG. 1 . 
         [0031]    The outer wall  10  of the hatch is suitable for arranging itself in correspondence with a stern wall  26  of the boat  1  when the hatch is closed, said wall  26  delimiting the aperture  5  of the compartment  4 . 
         [0032]    According to the invention, the stern hatch  3  is associated with actuating means  30  completely and totally located inside its body  20  only, in a cavity  31  present between the inner wall  11  and the outer one  10 ; such actuating means  30  make it possible the movement of the hatch with respect to the aperture  5  of the compartment  4  during the opening and closing operations and at the same time constrain said hatch to the latter, so as not to limit the amplitude of said compartment. In this way, the hatch is not provided with any hinge members or further connections to the hull  2 . It follows that mainly the side walls  6 , but also the walls  7  and  8  of the compartment  4  do not support any hatch actuating member and the hatch is perfectly smooth on all of its side. All of this to the advantage of safety for the people on board the boat  1 , who can freely move inside the compartment  4  without any risks of hitting against parts projecting from its walls and also to the advantage of an ease operation in loading means or goods inside such compartment. 
         [0033]    For this purpose, in correspondence with at least one side  12 ,  13  and preferably both of them, should the dimensions and the weight of the hatch be non negligible, within the cavity  31  there is a pair of gearings  40  and  41  whose toothed surfaces  40 A and  41 A are suitable for cooperating with each other so as to allow a relative movement between said gearings. More specifically, the gearing or gear wheel  40  is fixed to a beveled shaft  43  which is constrained, via an extremal flange  44  arranged in correspondence with a hole  45  present in said side  12 ,  13 , to a support constrained to the craft  2 . In particular, such support is a panel  47  which can be connected to the stern wall  26  or its corresponding side wall  6  of the compartment  4 ; alternatively it can be fixed to the stern platform  21 . The shaft  43  is connected to the hatch  3  via other constraint elements, like flanges  430 . 
         [0034]    The gear wheel  40  is fixed whereas the gear wheel or gearing  41  can move along its toothed surface. Such a movement is generated by a pneumatically, hydraulically, or hydropneumatically movable telescopic member  50  comprising a stem  51  movable in a sleeve  52 ; the sleeve  52  is fixed, via a support or bracket  59  to a wall, for instance the outer one  10  (from the inside of the cavity  31 ), of the hatch, whereas the stem  51  features a head  53  supporting a pin  54  (via an eyelet  55 ) eccentrically fixed to a body or connecting rod  56  integral with the gearing or gear wheel  41 . Activating the telescopic member results in lowering or lifting the hatch. 
         [0035]    Such telescopic member  50  is controlled by a control unit (not shown in the figures) outside the hatch, indicatively installed in the engine room and which the oil (or air) ducts originate from to subsequently reach the sleeve  52 , for instance via the shaft  43  of the first gearing  40 . 
         [0036]    Such member can be electrically operated indeed. 
         [0037]    More specifically, starting from the position depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 7 , if the stem  51  is retracted into the sleeve  52 , then the connecting rod  56  rotates (clockwise in  FIG. 7 , see arrow F) the gearing  41  onto the gearing  40 , which results in lowering the hatch down. Vice versa, taking the stem  51  out of the sleeve  52  results in a rotation of the gearing  41  onto the gearing  40  that is reversed (with respect to the previous one, i.e. counterclockwise), which results in lifting the hatch  3  up to its closing positioning on the aperture  5  of the compartment  4 . 
         [0038]    The gearing  41  is rotatable via a bearing or an equivalent member  58  and is put on a shaft  60  projecting from a support  46  and integral therewith. Such support is put on the shaft  43  and can rotate around it thanks to appropriate mechanical decoupling members or bearings. 
         [0039]    In particular, such support  46  is located in a hollow  66  created outside the adjacent side  12 ,  13  of the hatch  3  and is blocked therein by a shape coupling with the hollow itself. In this way, the movement of the gearing  41  on the gearing  40  forces the shaft  60 , hence its support  46  and the complete hatch  3 , to rotate around such gearing  40 , which subsequently operates as a hinge for the hatch. 
         [0040]    Thanks to the invention, the possibility is achieved of constraining the hatch to the hull of the boat without using any specially conceived hinge members and at the same time a hatch movement mode is offered which is fully encased therein, which leads to the advantages indicated above. Also, the complete actuating mechanisms defined by the actuating means  30  can be pre-assembled in the hatch and constrained to the panel  47  upon its final mounting on the boat  1 . This reduces the mounting time as referred to that necessary with the known solutions. Therefore, the hatch according to the invention is not rigidly connected to the boat. 
         [0041]    A specific embodiment of the invention has been described. However, others can be obtained (for instance one that comprises an electric motor, for instance a stepping motor, instead of the telescopic member  50 ) in the light of the previous description and shall be deemed to fall within the scope of the following claims.