Abstract:
A semiconductor device includes a plurality of capacitors disposed on a substrate and a support pattern supporting upper portions and lower portions of the capacitors. Each of the capacitors includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a dielectric layer between the lower and upper electrodes. The lower electrode includes a first electrode portion electrically connected to the substrate and having a solid shape and a second electrode portion stacked on the first electrode portion and having a shape comprising an opening therein. The support pattern includes an upper pattern contacting sidewalls of top end portions of the lower electrodes and a lower pattern vertically spaced apart from the upper pattern. The lower pattern contacts sidewalls under the top end portions of the lower electrodes.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This U.S. non-provisional patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2012-0118020, filed on Oct. 23, 2012, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Embodiments of the inventive concept relate to a semiconductor and, more particularly, to semiconductor devices having hybrid capacitors and methods for fabricating the same. 
         [0003]    A design rule of a lower electrode of a capacitor has been greatly reduced in a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) device. Thus, a height of the lower electrode has been increased for increasing a capacitance of the capacitor in a limited area. 
         [0004]    However, the lower electrode may lean because of its high height. A pattern capable of supporting the lower electrode may reduce the leaning phenomenon, but a portion of the lower electrode that is not supported by the supporting pattern may bend. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    Embodiments of the inventive concept may provide semiconductor devices and methods for fabricating the same capable of suppressing a leaning phenomenon of a lower electrode of a capacitor. 
         [0006]    Embodiments of the inventive concept may also provide semiconductor devices and methods for fabricating the same capable of sufficiently securing a capacitance. 
         [0007]    In some embodiments, a semiconductor device may include: a plurality of capacitors disposed on a substrate, each of the capacitors including a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a dielectric layer between the lower and upper electrodes; and a support pattern contacting sidewalls of the lower electrodes, the support pattern supporting upper portions and lower portions of the capacitors. Each of the lower electrodes may include: first electrode portion electrically connected to the substrate and having a solid shape, such as a pillar shape; and a second electrode portion stacked on the first electrode portion and having a shape comprising an opening therein, such as a cylinder shape. The support pattern may include: an upper pattern contacting sidewalls of top end portions of the lower electrodes; and a lower pattern vertically spaced apart from the upper pattern, the lower pattern contacting sidewalls under the top end portions of the lower electrodes. The planar shape of the upper pattern may be transferred to the lower pattern. 
         [0008]    In an embodiment, the upper pattern may contact sidewalls of the second electrode portions; and the lower pattern may be vertically aligned with the upper pattern and may contact sidewalls of the first electrode portions. 
         [0009]    In an embodiment, the lower pattern may be between the upper pattern and a position corresponding to a half of a height of the lower electrode from a bottom surface of the lower electrode. 
         [0010]    In an embodiment, a thickness of the upper pattern may be substantially equal to or greater than a thickness of the lower pattern. 
         [0011]    In an embodiment, a height of the second electrode portion may have a range of about one-third to about one-half of a height of the lower electrode. 
         [0012]    In an embodiment, the second electrode portion may include a first sidewall and a second sidewall opposite the first sidewall. The first sidewall contacts the upper pattern. The second sidewall is spaced apart from the upper pattern. 
         [0013]    In an embodiment, the first sidewall may have a height greater than that of the second sidewall. 
         [0014]    In an embodiment, a top surface of the upper pattern may be at a level lower than a top end of the first sidewall of the second electrode portion. 
         [0015]    In an embodiment, the first sidewall may have a thickness substantially equal to or greater than a thickness of the second sidewall. 
         [0016]    In an embodiment, the lower pattern may contact a first sidewall of the first electrode portion. The first sidewall of the first electrode portion may be vertically aligned with the first sidewall of the first electrode portion. The lower pattern may not be in contact with or spaced apart from a second sidewall of the first electrode portion. The second sidewall of the first electrode portion may be vertically aligned with the second sidewall of the second electrode portion. 
         [0017]    In other embodiments, a method of fabricating a semiconductor device may include: forming a mold stack on a substrate; forming a capacitor lower electrode penetrating the mold stack, the capacitor lower electrode being electrically connected to the substrate and having a hybrid structure including a solid shape and a shape having an opening therein; patterning the mold stack to form a support pattern including an upper pattern and a lower pattern vertically spaced apart from the upper pattern, the upper pattern supporting an upper portion of the capacitor lower electrode, the lower pattern supporting a lower portion of the capacitor lower electrode, and the lower pattern having substantially the same planar shape as the upper pattern; and sequentially forming a capacitor dielectric layer and a capacitor upper electrode on the capacitor lower electrode. 
         [0018]    In an embodiment, forming the capacitor lower electrode may include: forming a capacitor-hole penetrating the mold stack; forming a first conductive layer filling the capacitor-hole and covering the mold stack; recessing the first conductive layer to form a first lower electrode filling a lower region of the capacitor-hole, the first lower electrode having the solid shape; forming a second conductive layer extending along an inner sidewall of the capacitor-hole and covering the mold stack; and patterning the second conductive layer to form a second lower electrode connected to the first lower electrode in an upper region of the capacitor-hole, the second lower electrode having the shape comprising an opening therein. 
         [0019]    In an embodiment, forming the mold stack may include: sequentially forming a lower mold layer, a lower support layer, an upper mold layer, and an upper support layer on the substrate. At least one of the upper support layer and the lower support layer may have an etch selectivity with respect to at least one of the upper mold layer and the lower mold layer. 
         [0020]    In an embodiment, forming the support pattern may include: patterning the upper support layer to form the upper pattern surrounding a sidewall of the second lower electrode and having an upper opening exposing a portion of the sidewall of the second lower electrode; and etching the lower support layer using the upper pattern as an etch mask to form the lower pattern surrounding a sidewall of the first lower electrode and having a lower opening exposing a portion of the sidewall of the first lower electrode. 
         [0021]    In an embodiment, the method may further include: removing the upper mold layer by providing an etchant through the upper opening to form an upper space separating the upper pattern from the lower support layer; and removing the lower mold layer by providing an etchant through the lower opening to form a lower space separating the lower pattern from the substrate. 
         [0022]    In an embodiment, a semiconductor device may comprise a plurality of capacitors on a substrate, each of the capacitors including a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a dielectric layer between the lower and upper electrodes. Each of the lower electrodes may comprise a first electrode portion electrically connected to the substrate and having a solid shape and a second electrode portion stacked on the first electrode portion and having a shape comprising an opening therein. The device may further comprise a lower support pattern contacting sidewalls of the first electrode portion at a first position between a bottom surface of the second electrode portion and half of a height of the lower electrode from a bottom surface of the lower electrode. The device may also comprise an upper support pattern spaced apart from the lower support pattern and contacting sidewalls of the first electrode portion at a second position between a top surface of the second electrode portion.and half of a height of the second electrode portion from the bottom surface of the second electrode portion. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0023]    The inventive concept will become more apparent in view of the attached drawings and accompanying detailed description. 
           [0024]      FIGS. 1A to 1L  are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for fabricating a semiconductor device according to various embodiments of the inventive concept; 
           [0025]      FIGS. 2A and 2B  are cross-sectional views illustrating modified examples of  FIG. 1L ; 
           [0026]      FIGS. 3A and 3B  are plan views of  FIG. 1G ; 
           [0027]      FIGS. 4A and 4B  are plan views of  FIG. 1H ; and 
           [0028]      FIGS. 5A and 5B  are schematic block diagrams illustrating application examples of a semiconductor device according to various embodiments of the inventive concept. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0029]    The inventive concept will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the inventive concept are shown. The advantages and features of the inventive concept and methods of achieving them will be apparent from the following exemplary embodiments that will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted, however, that the inventive concept is not limited to the following exemplary embodiments, and may be implemented in various forms. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments are provided only to disclose the inventive concept and let those skilled in the art know the category of the inventive concept. In the drawings, embodiments of the inventive concept are not limited to the specific examples provided herein and are exaggerated for clarity. 
         [0030]    The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used herein, the singular terms “a,” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. 
         [0031]    Similarly, it will be understood that when an element such as a layer, region or substrate is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, the term “directly” means that there are no intervening elements. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”, “comprising,”, “includes” and/or “including”, when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
         [0032]    Additionally, the embodiments in the detailed description will be described with sectional views as ideal exemplary views of the inventive concept. Accordingly, shapes of the exemplary views may be modified according to manufacturing techniques and/or allowable errors. Therefore, the embodiments of the inventive concept are not limited to the specific shape illustrated in the exemplary views, but may include other shapes that may be created according to manufacturing processes. Areas exemplified in the drawings have general properties, and are used to illustrate specific shapes of elements. Thus, this should not be construed as limited to the scope of the inventive concept. 
         [0033]    It will be also understood that although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, a first element in some embodiments could be termed a second element in other embodiments without departing from the teachings of the present invention. Exemplary embodiments of aspects of the present inventive concept explained and illustrated herein include their complementary counterparts. The same reference numerals or the same reference designators denote the same elements throughout the specification. 
         [0034]    Moreover, exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross-sectional illustrations and/or plane illustrations that are idealized exemplary illustrations. Accordingly, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, an etching region illustrated as a rectangle will, typically, have rounded or curved features. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actual shape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit the scope of example embodiments. 
         [0035]      FIGS. 1A to 1L  are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for fabricating a semiconductor device according to some embodiments of the inventive concept.  FIGS. 2A and 2B  are cross-sectional views illustrating modified examples of  FIG. 1L .  FIGS. 3A and 3B  are plan views of  FIG. 1G .  FIGS. 4A and 4B  are plan views of  FIG. 1H . 
         [0036]    Referring to  FIG. 1A , a mold stack  110  may be formed on a substrate  100 . The substrate  100  may include a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon wafer. A plurality of word lines and a plurality of bit lines may be provided on the substrate  100 . An interlayer insulating layer  103  may cover the word lines and the bit lines. Junction regions may be provided in the substrate  100  at both sides of the word line. Contact plugs  105  may vertically penetrate the interlayer insulating layer  103 . The contact plugs  105  may be electrically connected to the junction regions. 
         [0037]    The mold stack  110  may include a plurality of insulating layers having an etch selectivity with respect to each other. In an embodiment, the mold stack  110  may include a lower mold layer  113 , a lower support layer  115 , an upper mold layer  117 , and an upper support layer  119  that are sequentially stacked on the interlayer insulating layer  103 . The lower mold layer  113  and the upper mold layer  117  may be formed of oxide layers (e.g., silicon oxide layers) by a deposition method. The lower support layer  115  and the upper support layer  119  may be formed of nitride layers (e.g., silicon nitride layers) by a deposition method. Alternatively, the lower and upper mold layers  113  and  117  may be formed of nitride layers (e.g., silicon nitride layers), and the lower and upper support layers  115  and  119  may be formed of oxide layers (e.g., silicon oxide layers). In an embodiment, the mold stack  110  may further include an etch stop layer  111 . For example, the etch stop layer  111  may be formed on the interlayer insulating layer  103  before the lower mold layer  113  is formed. The etch stop layer  111  may be formed of a nitride layer (e.g., a silicon nitride layer) by a deposition method. A thickness of the upper mold layer  117  may be equal to or different from a thickness of the lower mold layer  113 . Likewise, a thickness of the upper support layer  119  may be equal to or different from a thickness of the lower support layer  115 . In an embodiment, the upper support layer  119  may be formed to be thicker than the lower support layer  115 . The upper mold layer  117  may be formed to be thinner than the lower mold layer  113 . 
         [0038]    Referring to  FIG. 1B , capacitor-holes  112  may be formed. The capacitor-holes  112  may vertically penetrate the mold stack  110  and may expose the contact plugs  105 , respectively. The capacitor-holes  112  may be formed using a wet etching process and/or a dry etching process. Each of the capacitor-holes  112  may have one of various shapes such as a circular shape, an elliptical shape, and a polygonal shape in a plan view. A sidewall of each of the capacitor-holes  112  may be inclined or be vertical to a top surface of the substrate  100 . However, the inventive concept is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the mold stack  110  may be dry-etched to form the capacitor-hole  112  having a hollow cylindrical shape of which a planar area becomes progressively less toward a bottom thereof. In an embodiment, the upper support layer  119 , the upper mold layer  117 , the lower support layer  115 , and the lower mold layer  113  may be partially removed by the dry etching process to expose the etch stop layer  111 , and then the exposed etch stop layer  111  may be patterned to form the capacitor-holes  112  exposing the contact plugs  105 , respectively. The etch stop layer  111  may protect/prevent the interlayer insulating layer  103  and the contact plugs  105  from being damaged by the dry etching process. 
         [0039]    Referring to  FIG. 1C , a first lower electrode layer  121   a  may be formed to cover the mold stack  110 . A conductive material (e.g., doped poly-silicon, a metal, and/or a metal nitride) may be deposited by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process to form the first lower electrode layer  121   a.  In an embodiment, the first lower electrode layer  121   a  may include titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiN), or titanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN). The first lower electrode layer  121   a  may fill the capacitor-holes  112 , so as to be connected to the contact plugs  105 . 
         [0040]    Referring to  FIG. 1D , first lower electrodes  121  may be formed. In an embodiment, the first lower electrode layer  121   a  may be selectively etched by an etch-back process having an etch selectivity with respect to the materials (e.g., silicon oxide and silicon nitride) constituting the mold stack  110 . The first lower electrode layer  121  may be recessed by the etch-back process, thereby forming the first lower electrodes  121  of pillar-shapes partially filling the capacitor-holes  112 . A height H1 of the first lower electrode  121  may have a range of about one-half (½) to about two-thirds (⅔) of a depth D of the capacitor-hole  112  (i.e., a height of the mold stack  110 ). In other words, about one-half to about two-thirds of the capacitor-hole  112  may be filled with the first lower electrode  121 . 
         [0041]    Referring to  FIG. 1E , a second lower electrode layer  123   a  may be formed. The second lower electrode layer  123   a  may not completely fill the capacitor-holes  112 . The second lower electrode layer  123   a  may extend along a profile of the mold stack  110 . In an embodiment, the second lower electrode layer  123   a  may cover sidewalls and bottom surfaces (i.e., top surfaces of the first lower electrodes  121 ) of the capacitor-holes  112  and may extend onto a top surface of the upper support layer  119 . Thus, the second lower electrode layer  123   a  may have a continuous thin layer shape. The second lower electrode layer  123   a  may be formed by depositing a conductive material such as doped poly-silicon, a metal, and/or a metal nitride. In an embodiment, the second lower electrode layer  123   a  may include titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiN), or titanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN). Additionally, a capping layer  131  covering the mold stack  110  may be further formed to completely fill the capacitor-holes  112 . The capping layer  131  may be formed by depositing, for example, an oxide layer (e.g., a silicon oxide layer). 
         [0042]    Referring to  FIG. 1F , second lower electrodes  123  may be formed. For example, the second lower electrode layer  123   a  may be partially removed by an etch-back process or a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process until the upper support layer  119  is exposed. Thus, the second electrode layer  123   a  may be node-separated to form the plurality of second lower electrodes  123  of cylindrical shapes. The second lower electrodes  123  may be connected to the first lower electrodes  121 , respectively. If the capping layer  131  is formed, the capping layer  131  and the second lower electrode layer  123   a  may be planarized by the etch-back process or the CMP process until the upper support layer  119  is exposed, thereby forming the second lower electrodes  123 . Thereafter, the capping layer  131  may be removed or may remain. 
         [0043]    Referring to  FIG. 1G , a mask  133  may be formed on the mold stack  110 . The mask  133  may have a net or mesh shape including opening patterns  133   p.  Each of the opening patterns  133   p  may have an island shape exposing the upper support layer  119  between the second lower electrodes  123  adjacent to each other. In an embodiment, a planar shape of the opening pattern  133   p  may have a quadrilateral shape as illustrated in  FIG. 3A . In another embodiment, the mask  133  may have linear-shaped opening patterns  133   p  exposing the upper support layer  119  as illustrated in  FIG. 3B . In an embodiment, an oxide layer (e.g., a silicon oxide layer) may be deposited to fill the capacitor-holes  112  and then the deposited oxide layer may be patterned to form the mask  133 . In another embodiment, a photoresist may be coated and then be patterned to form the mask  133 . A first portion  123   c  of the second lower electrode  121  may be covered by the mask  133 , and a second portion  123   d  may be exposed by the opening pattern  133   p.    
         [0044]    Referring to  FIG. 1H , an upper support pattern  119   p  may be formed. The upper support layer  119  exposed by the opening patterns  133   p  may be etched by an etching process using the mask  133  as an etch mask, thereby forming the upper support pattern  119   p.  In an embodiment, if the upper support layer  119  is formed of a silicon nitride layer, the upper support layer  119  may be patterned using a wet or dry etching process providing an etchant capable of selectively removing the silicon nitride layer, so that the upper support pattern  119   p  may be formed. The upper support pattern  119   p  may have a net or mesh shape including line patterns that extend along the top surface of the substrate  100  and cross each other, as illustrated in  FIG. 4A . In another embodiment, the upper support pattern  119   p  may have a line-type shape including line patterns that extend along the top surface of the substrate  100  and are parallel to each other, as illustrated in  FIG. 4B . 
         [0045]    The upper support pattern  119   p  may include upper openings  119   pa  exposing the upper mold layer  117 , as illustrated in  FIG. 4A . A planar shape of the upper opening  119   pa  may be a quadrilateral shape. In another embodiment, the upper opening  119   pa  may have a linear shape, as illustrated in  FIG. 4B . When the upper support pattern  119   p  is formed, sidewalls of the second lower electrodes  123  exposed by the opening patterns  133   p  may be recessed. Thus, the second portion  123   d  of the second lower electrode  123 , which is not in contact with the upper support pattern  119   p,  may be lower than the first portion  123   c  of the second lower electrode  123 , which contacts the upper support pattern  119   p.    
         [0046]    Referring to  FIG. 1I , the lower support layer  115  may be exposed. In an embodiment, the mask  133  and the upper mold layer  117  may be removed to expose the lower support layer  115 . An etchant capable of selectively removing the upper mold layer  117  may be provided through the upper opening  119   pa,  so that the upper mold layer  117  may be wet-etched or dry-etched to be removed. According to the present embodiment, the upper mold layer  117  and the mask  133  may be formed of an oxide (e.g., silicon oxide). Thus, the mask  133  and the upper mold layer  117  may be removed by a LAL lift-off process using a LAL solution including ammonium fluoride (NH 4 F), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and water. The upper mold layer  117  may be removed to form an upper space  117   e  exposing the lower support layer  115  between the upper support pattern  119   p  and the lower supper layer  115 . The upper space  117   e  may further expose a portion of the first lower electrode  121 . 
         [0047]    Referring to  FIG. 1J , a lower support pattern  115   p  may be formed. The lower support pattern  115   p  may be formed by an etching process using the upper support pattern  119   p  as an etch mask. For example, the lower support layer  115  may be patterned by a wet or dry etching process using an etchant provided through the upper opening  119   pa  to form the lower support pattern  115   p.  The lower support pattern  115   p  may have the same shape as or a similar shape to the upper support pattern  119   p.  According to the present embodiment, the planar shape of the upper support pattern  119   p  may be transferred to the lower support layer  115  without a photolithography process, so that the lower support pattern  115   p  may be formed to have a mesh or line-type shape. The lower support pattern  115   p  may have a lower opening  115   pa  vertically aligned with the upper opening  119   pa.  The lower opening  115   pa  may have the same planar shape as or a similar planar shape to the upper opening  119   pa.  For example, the lower opening  115   pa  may have a quadrilateral shape or a linear shape. The lower opening  115   pa  may expose the lower mold layer  113 . 
         [0048]    Since the etchant may attack the upper support pattern  119   p  during the formation of the lower support pattern  115   p,  a portion (e.g., an upper portion) of the upper support pattern  119   p  may be etched or recessed, such that a thickness of the upper support pattern  119   p  may be reduced. Thus, a top surface  119   ps  of the upper support pattern  119   p  may be lower than a top end of the first portion  123   c  of the second lower electrode  123 . An etching amount of the upper support pattern  119   p  may be varied by an etch rate of the upper support pattern  119   p.  In an embodiment, if the upper support pattern  119   p  and the lower support pattern  119   p  are formed of the same material (e.g., silicon nitride), the upper support layer  119  may be formed to be thicker than the lower support layer  115  in due consideration of the etching amount and/or an etching margin. Thus, the upper support pattern  119   p  may have a thickness T1 substantially equal to or greater than a thickness T2 of the lower supper pattern  115   p.    
         [0049]    Referring to  FIG. 1K , the lower mold layer  113  may be removed. For example, an etchant capable of selectively removing the lower mold layer  113  may be provided through the lower opening  115   pa  to remove the lower mold layer  113  in a wet or dry etching process. According to an embodiment, the lower mold layer  113  may be formed of an oxide layer (e.g., a silicon oxide layer), such that the lower mold layer  113  may be removed by the LAL lift-off process. The lower mold layer  113  may be removed to form a lower space  113   e  separating the lower support pattern  115   p  from the substrate  100  (or the interlayer insulating layer  103 ). The lower space  113   e  may further expose a sidewall of the first lower electrode  121 . A capacitor lower electrode  120  having a hybrid structure may be formed through the processes described above. The hybrid structure may include the first lower electrode  121  of a pillar shape and the second lower electrode  123  of the cylinder shape stacked on the first lower electrode  121 . The capacitor lower electrode  120  may be firmly supported by a multi-support pattern  110   p.  The multi-support pattern  110   p  may include the lower support pattern  115   p  that supports the first lower electrode  121  and the upper support pattern  119   p  that supports the second lower electrode  123 . 
         [0050]    For example, a height H2 of the second lower electrode  123  may have a range of about one-third to about one-half of a height H3 of the capacitor lower electrode  120 . If the height H3 of the capacitor lower electrode  120  is about 15,000 Å, the height H2 of the second lower electrode  123  may be within a range of about 5,000 Å to about 7,500 Å. As described above with reference to  FIG. 1J , the upper support pattern  119   p  may be recessed. For example, the upper support pattern  119   p  may be recessed by a thickness R of about 1,500 Å or less. However, the inventive concept is not limited thereto. The capacitor lower electrode  120  may become tapered toward the substrate  100 . For example, a size (or a critical dimension) of a bottom portion of the capacitor lower electrode  120  may be within a range of about 20 nm to about 30 nm, and a size (or a critical dimension) of a top portion of the capacitor lower electrode  120  may be within a range of about 30 nm to about 50 nm. The lower support pattern  115   p  may be disposed at a level equal to or higher than a half of the height of the capacitor lower electrode  120  from the bottom surface of the capacitor lower electrode  120 . The second portion  123   d  of the second lower electrode  123  which is not in contact with the upper support pattern  119   p  may be more etched than the first portion  123   c  by the etchant in the etching process. Thus, a thickness Td of the second portion  123   d  of the second lower electrode  123  which is not in contact with the upper support pattern  119   p  may be smaller than a thickness of Tc of the first portion  123   c  of the second lower electrode  123  which contacts the upper support pattern  119   p.  Alternatively, the thickness Td of the second portion  123   d  of the second lower electrode  123  may be equal to or similar to the thickness Tc of the first portion  123   c  of the second lower electrode  123 . 
         [0051]    Referring to  FIG. 1L , a capacitor dielectric layer  140  may be formed to cover the capacitor lower electrode  120 , and then a capacitor upper electrode  150  may be formed to cover the capacitor dielectric layer  140 . Thus, a semiconductor device  10  (e.g., a DRAM device) including a capacitor  160  of a hybrid structure may be fabricated. The capacitor dielectric layer  140  may further cover the multi-support pattern  110   p.  The capacitor dielectric layer  140  may be formed of a hafnium oxide (e.g., HfO 2 ) layer by a deposition method. The capacitor upper electrode  150  may extend along a profile of the capacitor lower electrode  120 . The capacitor upper electrode  150  may be formed of doped poly-silicon, a metal, and/or a metal nitride by a deposition method. For example, the capacitor upper electrode  150  may include titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiN), or titanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN). Since the capacitor  160  includes the second lower electrode  123  having a wide surface area, the capacitance of the capacitor  160  may be sufficiently secured. 
         [0052]    In other embodiments, there may be fabricated a semiconductor device  11  including the capacitor upper electrode  150  which fills spaces between the adjacent capacitor lower electrodes  120 , as illustrated in  FIG. 2A . In still other embodiments, there may be fabricated a semiconductor device  12  including the second lower electrode  123  which has a substantially uniform height, as illustrated in  FIG. 2B . 
         [0053]      FIGS. 5A and 5B  are schematic block diagrams illustrating application examples of a semiconductor device according to some embodiments of the inventive concept. 
         [0054]    Referring to  FIG. 5A , an electronic device  1300  may include at least one of the semiconductor devices  10 ,  11 , and  12  according to embodiments of the inventive concept. The electronic device  1300  may be used in wireless communication devices such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop computer, a portable computer, web tablet, a wireless phone, a mobile phone, a digital music player, and/or other devices capable of transmitting and/or receiving data in a wireless environment. The electronic device  1300  may include a controller  1310 , an input/output (I/O) unit  1320  (e.g., a keypad, a keyboard and/or a display), a memory device  1330 , and wireless interface unit  1340  which are combined with each other through a data bus  1350 . For example, the controller  1310  may include at least one of a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, a microcontroller or other logic devices. The other logic devices may have a similar function to any one of the microprocessor, the digital signal processor and the microcontroller. The memory device  1330  may store, for example, commands performed by the controller  1310 . The memory device  1330  may include at least one of the semiconductor devices  10 ,  11 , and  12  according to embodiments of the inventive concept. The electronic device  1300  may use the wireless interface unit  1340  for transmitting data to a wireless communication network communicating with a radio frequency (RF) signal or for receiving data from the network. For example, the wireless interface unit  1340  may include an antenna or a wireless transceiver. The electronic device  1300  according to the embodiments of inventive concept may be used in a communication interface protocol such as a third generation communication system (e.g., CDMA, GSM, NADC, E-TDMA, WCDAM, and/or CDMA2000). 
         [0055]    Referring to  FIG. 5B , a memory system  1400  may include at least one of the semiconductor devices  10 ,  11 , and  13  according to embodiments of the inventive concept. The memory system  1400  may include a memory controller  1420  and a memory device  1410  for storing massive data. The memory controller  1420  may read or write data from/into the memory device  1410  in response to read/write request of a host  1430 . The memory controller  1420  may make an address mapping table for mapping an address provided from the host  1430  (e.g., a mobile device or a computer system) into a physical address of the memory device  1410 . The memory device  1410  may include at least one of the semiconductor devices  10 ,  11 , and  12  according to the above embodiments of the inventive concept. 
         [0056]    According to embodiments of the inventive concept, the support pattern supporting the capacitor lower electrode is formed to have a double structure capable of supporting the lower portion and the upper portion of the capacitor lower electrode. Thus, a leaning phenomenon of the capacitor lower electrode may be minimized or prevented. Additionally, the processes of forming the support pattern of the double structure may be simplified to reduce process costs of the semiconductor device. Moreover, the capacitor lower electrode has the hybrid structure including the pillar structure and the cylinder structure, such that the capacitance of the capacitor may be sufficiently secured to improve electrical characteristics of the semiconductor device. 
         [0057]    While the inventive concept has been described with reference to example embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept. Therefore, it should be understood that the above embodiments are not limiting, but illustrative. Thus, the scope of the inventive concept is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing description.