Abstract:
An electronically-controlled roll-up window shade that can easily be installed by a homeowner or general handyman is disclosed. The motorized shade includes an internal power source, a motor, and a communication system to allow for remote control of the motorized shade. One or more motorized shades can be controlled singly or as a group. In one embodiment, the motorized shades are used in connection with a zoned or non-zoned HVAC system to reduce energy usage. In one embodiment, the motorized shade is configured to have a size and form-factor that conforms to a standard manually-controlled motorized shade. In one embodiment, a group controller is configured to provide thermostat information to the motorized shade. In one embodiment, the group controller communicates with a central monitoring system that coordinates operation of one or more motorized shades. In one embodiment, the internal power source of the motorized shade is recharged by a solar cell.

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The present application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 11/065,487, filed Feb. 24, 2005, titled “MOTORIZED WINDOW SHADE SYSTEM,” now U.S. Pat. No. 7,389,806, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to motorized window shades. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    A roll-up window shade is well known. The shade can be moved manually up or down in front of a window to control the light level, room temperature, light flow, or to provide privacy. The known roll-up shade is relatively inexpensive and is easy to install. If the shade is damaged, a new shade can be replaced easily. These types of shades are sold in retail stores and do-it-yourself centers across the U.S. The shades are typically stocked in 3, 4, 5 and 6 foot widths. The shade can easily be cut to the proper width with a cutting device either at the point of sale or at installation time. The installer or homeowner can measure and install the shade on the same site visit. 
         [0006]    The conventional roll-up shade has a first pin end and a second spring end with a rectangular barb extending outwardly. The pin end is inserted into a circular hole in a bracket. The spring end is mounted in a similar shaped bracket with a slot designed to keep the barb from rotating. The brackets are designed to be mounted inside a window frame i.e., inside the jamb, or along the outside of a window frame. The user pulls the roll-up shade down by a hem bar located along the bottom edge of the shade until the desired amount of shade material is showing. The user then eases up on the hem bar until the pawl mechanism in the spring end of the shade locks the shade into position. As the shade is being pulled down, the spring is being wound up. 
         [0007]    When the user wants to put the shade up, the user pulls down on the hem bar slightly to disengage the pawl mechanism and then guides the hem bar upward as the spring pulls the fabric upward. If the user lets go of the shade as the shade is traveling upward the spring in the shade will cause the shade to travel upward out of control. The hem bar will continue to rotate around the roller until it stops. The setting of multiple shades at the same relative position can be a very time consuming process. The manually-operated shades are not capable of receiving inputs from time clocks, photo sensors, occupant sensors or infrared hand held transmitters. 
         [0008]    It is known to replace the spring mechanism described above with a motor, typically a tubular motor, to allow the window shade to be rolled and unrolled (opened and closed) by remote control. Installation of these systems typically requires a skilled craftsman. The installer usually will need to make one visit to measure the window and another separate visit to install the system. In some systems, the hem bar located at the bottom of the shade travels in channels secured to the sides of the window opening, thus, decreasing the amount of light that can enter through the window when the shade is up. The motor is typically connected to a nearby power source with line voltage or low-voltage wiring. 
         [0009]    A typical motorized roller shade is secured to the window opening with two mounting brackets. The single roller shade is custom made with a fabric of choice. The motor is installed inside the roller tube at the factory and line or low voltage wiring connects the motor to a nearby power source. If the unit fails, the unit must typically be returned to the manufacturer or a technician must visit the job site. 
         [0010]    Multiple units can be grouped together by wiring the multiple units to each other or to a common control system. Installation of such wiring is beyond the capabilities of most homeowners, and thus, such units must be installed by a professional installer. 
         [0011]    The prior art devices generally suffer from a number of disadvantages including the inability to communicate with other devices, lack of intelligent control, e.g. by a microprocessor, and thus, having inability to be programmed easily, bulky size causing difficulty in installation, an unattractive appearance and maintenance problems as well as inability to easily retrofit to existing manually actuated shades. These problems have severely limited the market for motorized rollup window shades. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0012]    The system and method disclosed herein solves these and other problems by providing a remotely-controllable, self-powered, user-installable motorized window shade. In one embodiment, the motorized roll-up window shade includes a controller, a tubular motor provided to the controller. The tubular motor is configured to raise and lower the window shade. A first power source is provided to the controller and a two-way wireless communication system is provided to the controller. The controller is configured to control the motor in response to a wireless communication received from a group controller or central control system. The motorized shades can be used to produce a desired room temperature during the day and to provide privacy at night. 
         [0013]    In one embodiment, the electronically-controlled motorized shade includes a light sensor. In one embodiment, the electronically-controlled motorized shade includes a temperature sensor. In one embodiment, the electronically-controlled motorized shade includes a second power source. In one embodiment, the electronically-controlled motorized shade includes a solar cell configured to charge the first power source. In one embodiment, the electronically-controlled motorized shade includes a shade position sensor. In one embodiment, the electronically-controlled motorized shade includes a turns counter to count turns of the tubular motor. 
         [0014]    In one embodiment, the controller is configured to transmit sensor data according to a threshold test. In one embodiment, the threshold test includes a high threshold level, a low threshold level, and/or a threshold range. 
         [0015]    In one embodiment, the controller is configured to receive an instruction to change a status reporting interval. In one embodiment, the controller is configured to receive an instruction to change a wakeup interval. In one embodiment, the controller is configured to monitor a status of one or more electronically-controlled motorized shades. 
         [0016]    In one embodiment, the controller is configured to communicate with a central controller. In one embodiment, the central controller communicates with an HVAC system. In one embodiment, the central controller is provided to a home computer. In one embodiment, the central controller is provided to a zoned HVAC system. In one embodiment, the central controller cooperates with the zoned HVAC system to use the motorized shade to partially control a temperature of a desired zone. 
         [0017]    In one embodiment, the controller is configured to use a predictive model to compute a control program. In one embodiment, the controller is configured to reduce power consumption by the tubular motor. In one embodiment, the controller is configured to reduce movement of the tubular motor. 
         [0018]    In one embodiment, a group controller is configured to use a predictive model to compute a control program for the motorized shade. In one embodiment, the group controller is configured to reduce power consumption by the motorized shade. In one embodiment, the group controller is configured to reduce movement of the motorized shade. 
         [0019]    In one embodiment, the shade material includes a plurality of conductors provided to the controller. In one embodiment, the shade material includes a connector for connecting a charger to the controller to provide power to recharge the power source. In one embodiment, the shade material includes a solar cell. 
         [0020]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade system can easily be installed by a homeowner or general handyman. In one embodiment, the motorized shade system is used in connection with a zoned or non-zoned HVAC system to control room temperatures throughout a building. The motorized shade can also be used in connection with a conventional zoned HVAC system to provide additional control and additional zones not provided by the conventional zoned HVAC system. The motorized shade can be installed in place of a conventional manually-controlled window treatment. 
         [0021]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade includes an optical sensor to measure the ambient light either inside or outside the building. In one embodiment, the motorized shade opens if the light exceeds a first specified value. In one embodiment, the motorized shade closes if the light exceeds a second specified value. In one embodiment, the motorized shade is configured to partially open or close in order to maintain a relatively constant light level in a portion of the building. 
         [0022]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade is powered by an internal battery. A battery-low indicator on the motorized shade informs the homeowner when the battery needs replacement. In one embodiment, one or more solar cells are provided to recharge the batteries when light is available. 
         [0023]    In one embodiment, one or more motorized shades in a zone communicate with a group controller. The group controller measures the temperature of the zone for all of the motorized shades that control the zone. In one embodiment, the motorized shades and the group controller communicate by wireless communication methods, such as, for example, infrared communication, radio-frequency communication, ultrasonic communication, etc. In one embodiment, the motorized shades and the group controller communicate by direct wire connections. In one embodiment, the motorized shades and the group controller communicate using powerline communication. 
         [0024]    In one embodiment, one or more group controllers communicate through a central controller. 
         [0025]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade and/or the group controller includes an occupant sensor, such as, for example, an infrared sensor, motion sensor, ultrasonic sensor, etc. The occupants can program the motorized shade or the group controller to bring the zone to different temperatures when the zone is occupied or to provide privacy (e.g., by closing the shade) when the zone is occupied. In one embodiment, the occupants can program the motorized shade or the group controller to bring the zone to different temperatures and/or light levels depending on the time of day, the time of year, the type of room (e.g., bedroom, kitchen, etc.), and/or whether the room is occupied or empty. In one embodiment, various motorized shades and/or group controllers through a composite zone (e.g., a group of zones such as an entire house, an entire floor, an entire wing, etc.) intercommunicate and change the temperature setpoints according to whether the composite zone is empty or occupied. 
         [0026]    In one embodiment, the home occupants can provide a priority schedule for the zones based on whether the zones are occupied, the time of day, the time of year, etc. Thus, for example, if zone corresponds to a bedroom and zone corresponds to a living room, zone can be given a relatively lower priority during the day and a relatively higher priority during the night. As a second example, if zone corresponds to a first floor, and zone corresponds to a second floor, then zone can be given a higher priority in summer (since upper floors tend to be harder to cool) and a lower priority in winter (since lower floors tend to be harder to heat). In one embodiment, the occupants can specify a weighted priority between the various zones. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0027]      FIG. 1  shows a typical home with windows and ductwork for a heating and cooling system. 
           [0028]      FIG. 2  shows one example of a motorized shade mounted in a window. 
           [0029]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a self-contained motorized shade. 
           [0030]      FIG. 4A  is a block diagram of a motorized shade with a fascia having a solar cell. 
           [0031]      FIG. 4B  is a block diagram of a motorized shade with a shade material having a solar cell. 
           [0032]      FIG. 5  shows one embodiment of a motorized shade with fascia having a solar cell. 
           [0033]      FIG. 6  is a block diagram of a system for controlling one or more motorized shades. 
           [0034]      FIG. 7A  is a block diagram of a centrally-controlled motorized shade system wherein the central control system communicates with one or more group controllers and one or more motorized shades independently of the HVAC system. 
           [0035]      FIG. 7B  is a block diagram of a centrally-controlled motorized shade system wherein the central control system communicates with one or more group controllers and the group controllers communicate with one or more motorized shades. 
           [0036]      FIG. 8  is a block diagram of a centrally-controlled motorized shade system wherein a central control system communicates with one or more group controllers and one or more motorized shades and, optionally, controls the HVAC system. 
           [0037]      FIG. 9  is a block diagram of an efficiency-monitoring centrally-controlled motorized shade system wherein a central control system communicates with one or more group controllers and one or more motorized shades and, optionally, controls and monitors the HVAC system. 
           [0038]      FIG. 10  is a block diagram of a motorized shade configured to operate with a powered coil mounted on a window sill. 
           [0039]      FIG. 11  is a block diagram of a basic group controller for use in connection with the systems shown in  FIGS. 6-9 . 
           [0040]      FIG. 12  is a block diagram of a group controller with remote control for use in connection with the systems shown in  FIGS. 6-9 . 
           [0041]      FIG. 13  shows one embodiment of a central monitoring system. 
           [0042]      FIG. 14  is a flowchart showing one embodiment of an instruction loop for a motorized shade or group controller. 
           [0043]      FIG. 15  is a flowchart showing one embodiment of an instruction and sensor data loop for a motorized shade or group controller. 
           [0044]      FIG. 16  is a flowchart showing one embodiment of an instruction and sensor data reporting loop for a motorized shade or group controller. 
           [0045]      FIG. 17  is a block diagram of a control algorithm for controlling the motorized shades. 
           [0046]      FIG. 18  shows one embodiment of a motorized shade with internal batteries 
           [0047]      FIG. 19  shows one embodiment of a motorized shade with internal batteries and a fascia. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0048]      FIG. 1  shows a home  100  with ducts for heating and cooling and windows on various sides of the house. For example, the home  100  includes north-facing windows  150 ,  151 , an east-facing window  180 , south-facing windows  160 ,  161 , and a west-facing window  170 . In the home  100 , an HVAC system provides heating and cooling light to the system of windows. In a conventional system, a thermostat monitors the air temperature and turns the HVAC system on or off. In a zoned system, sensors  101 - 105  monitor the temperature in various areas (zones) of the house. A zone can be a room, a floor, a group of rooms, etc. The sensors  101 - 105  detect where and when heating or cooling is needed. Information from the sensors  101 - 105  is used to control motors that adjust the flow of air to the various zones. The zoned system adapts to changing conditions in one area without affecting other areas. For example, many two-story houses are zoned by floor. Because heat rises, the second floor usually requires more cooling in the summer and less heating in the winter than the first floor. A non-zoned system cannot completely accommodate this seasonal variation. Zoning, however, can reduce the wide variations in temperature between floors by supplying heating or cooling only to the space that needs it. 
         [0049]      FIG. 2  shows one example of a motorized shade  200 . The shade material  201  rolls on a tube  202 . A motor (not shown) rotates the tube  202  to raise and lower the shade material  201  to control the amount of light that passes through the window. The tube  202  is mounted to (or near) a window frame  250 . 
         [0050]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a self-contained motorized shade as one embodiment of the motorized shade  200 . In the motorized shade shown in  FIG. 3 , a mount  301  mounts the tube  202  to the window frame  250  (or near the window frame  250 ). The tube  202  includes a controller  301 . The controller  301  provides control for communications, power management, and other control functions. A motor  303 , such as, for example, a tubular motor with a gearbox, is provided to the controller  301 . In one embodiment, the motor  301  includes an internal turns counter and limit switches to limit the revolutions and set the stop points of the motor. In one embodiment, a turns counter  304  is provided to the controller  301 . A first power source  305  is provided to the controller  301 . In one embodiment, the first power source  305  includes a stack of batteries. In one embodiment, the batteries are rechargeable batteries. In one embodiment, the batteries are non-rechargeable batteries. 
         [0051]    A radio-frequency transceiver  302  is provided to the controller. In one embodiment, an InfraRed (IR) and/or light sensor receiver is provided to the controller  301 . In one embodiment, a light-guiding apparatus  360  is provided to direct light to the IR receiver  308 . The light-guiding apparatus  360  can include, for example, a light-pipe, a mirror, a plastic light guide, etc. In one embodiment, at least a portion of the light-guiding apparatus  360  is provided to the mount  301  to reflect (or direct) IR light into the tube  202  and/or IR receiver  308 . 
         [0052]    In one embodiment, an optional capacitor  306  is provided to the controller  301 . The controller  301  can extend the life of the first power source  305  by drawing power relatively slowly, and/or at relatively low voltage from the first power source  305  to charge the capacitor  306 . In one embodiment, the capacitor  306  is used, at least in part, to provide power for the controller  301 , the transceiver  302 , and/or the motor  303 . 
         [0053]    In one embodiment, a solar cell  307  is provided to the controller  301 . In one embodiment, an RFID tag  309  is provided to the controller  301 . 
         [0054]    In one embodiment, the IR receiver  308  is used to provide control inputs to the controller  301 . In one embodiment, IR control is used in lieu of RF control, and the RF transceiver  302  is omitted. In one embodiment, the IR receiver  308  is configured as a transceiver to allow two-way IR communications between the motorized shade and a controller. In one embodiment, IR control is used for programming the controller  301  (e.g., for inserting or reading an identification code) and RF control is used to raise and lower the blinds. 
         [0055]    One or more attachments  350  are provided to attach the shade material  201  to the roller tube  202 . In one embodiment, the attachments  350  include a channel in the tube  202  and the upper end of the shade material  201  is configured to slide into the channel and be held in place by the channel. In one embodiment, the attachments  350  include one or more glue joints. In one embodiment, the attachments  350  include one or more capture devices that clamp onto the shade material. 
         [0056]    In one embodiment, the shade material  201  includes one or more electrical conductors, such as, for example, (wires, wire meshes, metal foil, conductive polymers, etc.) In one embodiment, one or more of the attachments  350  are configured to make electrical contact with the one or more conductors in the shade material  201 . In one embodiment a power connector is provided to the one or more conductors in the shade material to allow a power source (e.g., a battery charger) to be connected to the powered shade to recharge the batteries  305 . In one embodiment, the power connector is provided to a lower portion of the shade material. In one embodiment, the one or more conductors in the shade material provide connections to power sources, such as, for example, solar cells (see e.g.,  FIG. 4   b ), pickup coils (see e.g.,  FIG. 10 ), etc. 
         [0057]    In one embodiment, the tube  202  is made from aluminum or other conductive material, and a slot-type RF aperture is provided in the tube  202  to allow the RF transceiver  302  to communicate. In one embodiment, an RF antenna connection from the RF transceiver  302  is provided to the mount  301  to allow the mount and/or fascia to act as an antenna or portion of an antenna. In one embodiment, an RF antenna connection from the RF transceiver is provided to the tube  202  to allow the tube  202  to act as an antenna or portion of an antenna. In one embodiment, an RF antenna connection from the RF transceiver  302  is provided to one or more conductors in the shade material  301  to allow the one or more conductors to act as an antenna or portion of an antenna. 
         [0058]    The controller  301  typically operates in a sleep-wakeup cycle to conserve power. The controller  301  wakes up at specified intervals and activates the transceiver  302  to listen for commands from a remote control or other control device or to send status information (e.g., fault, low battery, etc.). 
         [0059]      FIG. 4A  is a block diagram of an embodiment of a motorized shade as one embodiment of the motorized shade  200  that includes a solar cell  404  provided to the mount  301 . In one embodiment, the mount  301  includes a fascia as shown in  FIG. 5  and the solar cell  404  is mounted to the outside of the fascia in order to receive sunlight. The motorized shade shown in  FIG. 4A  includes the other elements shown in  FIG. 3 , including the tube  202 , the controller  301 , the motor  303 , the transceiver  302 , etc. 
         [0060]      FIG. 4B  is a block diagram of an embodiment of a motorized shade as one embodiment of the motorized shade  200  that includes a solar cell  504  provided to the shade material  201 . The solar cell  504  can be mounted to the shade material  201  and/or integrated into the shade material  201 . When the solar cell  504  is provided to the shade material  201 , then one or more of the attachments  350  are configured to provide electrical contact between the controller  301  and the solar cell  504 . 
         [0061]      FIG. 5  shows one embodiment of a motorized shade with the solar cell  404  provided to a fascia  502 . As shown in  FIG. 5 , the solar cells  404  and  504  are not mutually exclusive and can be used together if desired. 
         [0062]      FIG. 6  is a block diagram of a system for controlling one or more motorized shades  200 . The system  600  allows the motorized shades  200  to be controlled in groups (where a group can be one motorized shade or a plurality of motorized shades).  FIG. 6  shows five groups of motorized shades, labeled groups  650 - 654 . Groups  650 - 652  each have three or more motorized shades, group  653  has two shades, and group  654  has one motorized shade. One or more group controllers  607 ,  608  can be used to control one or more groups of shades. The group controllers  607 ,  608  can be hand-held remote-control type devices and/or wall-mounted controllers. A central control system  601  includes a processor  603 , a clock/calendar module  604 , and an RF transceiver  602 . In one embodiment, the central control system  601  is provided to an HVAC interface to a zoned or non-zoned HVAC system. In one embodiment, a sunlight sensor  610  is provided to the control system  601 . In one embodiment, the sunlight sensor  610  detects the amount of sunlight. In one embodiment the sunlight sensor  610  detects the amount and direction of the sunlight. 
         [0063]    One or more group controllers  607 ,  608  can be provided to various rooms in the house, such as for example, the bedrooms, kitchen, living room, etc. In one embodiment, the controllers  607 ,  608  can be used to control any of the shades in the house. In one embodiment, a display on the group controller  607 ,  608  allows the user to select which group of shades to control from a list of shade groups. 
         [0064]    The central control system  601  is provided to a computer system (e.g., a personal computer system) by an interface  605  such as, for example, a USB interface, a firewire interface, a wired local area network (LAN) interface, a wireless local area network interface, a powerline networking interface, etc. The computer system  606  can be used to program and monitor the central control system  601  and to instruct the control system  601  as to the number of motorized shades, the identification codes for the shades, the location of the shades, the amount of privacy desired, how to interact with the HVAC system, etc. For example, if a window faces the street or other public areas, then the computer system  606  can be used to instruct the central control system  601  to provide a relatively high level of privacy for that window. By contrast, if a window faces a barrier of trees or bushes, then the computer system  606  can be used to instruct the central control system  601  to provide a relatively lower level of privacy for that window. 
         [0065]    In one embodiment, a compass direction of each window (e.g., south facing, northwest facing, compass angle of the direction the window faces, etc.) corresponding to a motorized shade is provided to the central control system  601 . Thus, for example, the control system  601  will know that south-facing windows receive relatively more sunlight than north-facing windows. The central control system  601  can close the shades on south-facing windows in order to reduce cooling and reduce fading of carpets and furniture caused by sunlight. Alternatively, the central control system  601  can open the shades on south-facing windows in order to reduce heating loads during cold periods. In one embodiment, the central control system  601  can open the motorized shades during the day to let in sunlight, and close the motorized shades during the night to provide privacy. In one embodiment, the central controller  601  is configured to partially open or close the motorized shades to let in a desired amount of light. In one embodiment, the central controller  601  is configured to open and close shades in a particular group by the same amount for aesthetic purposes. 
         [0066]    In one embodiment, the group controllers  607 ,  608  can be used to control one or more groups of motorized shades. In one embodiment, the group controllers  607 ,  608  send control signals directly to the motorized shades. In one embodiment, the group controllers  607 ,  608  send control signals to the central controller  601  which then sends control signals to the motorized shades  200 . 
         [0067]    The motorized shades  200  can be used to implement a motorized shade system. The motorized shades  200  can also be used as a remotely control motorized shade in places where the window is located so high on the wall that it cannot be easily reached. In one embodiment, the motorized shades  200  are self-powered and controlled by wireless communication. This greatly simplifies the task of retrofitting a home by replacing one or more manual window treatments with the motorized shades  200 . 
         [0068]    The controller  301  controls the motor  303 . In one embodiment, the motor  303  provides position feedback to the controller  301 . In one embodiment, the controller  301  reports shade position to the central control system  601  and/or group controllers  607 ,  608 . The motor  303  provides mechanical movements to control the light through the window. In one embodiment, the motor  303  includes a motor to control the amount of light that flows through the motorized shade  400  (e.g., the amount of light that flows from the window into the room). In one embodiment, the system  601  allows a user to set the desired room temperature and/or lighting. An optional sensor  404  is provided to the controller  301 . 
         [0069]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade  200  includes a flashing indicator (e.g., a flashing LED or LCD) when the available power from the power source  305  drops below a threshold level. 
         [0070]    The home occupants use the group controllers  607 ,  608  or computer  606  to set a desired temperature, privacy, or lighting for the vicinity of the motorized shade  200 . If the room temperature is above the setpoint temperature, and the window light temperature is below the room temperature, then the controller  301  causes the motorized shade  200  to open the shade. If the room temperature is below the setpoint temperature, and the window light temperature is above the room temperature, then the controller  301  causes the motorized shade  200  to open the window. Otherwise, the controller  301  causes the motorized shade  200  to close the shade. In other words, if the room temperature is above or below the setpoint temperature and the temperature of the light in the window will tend to drive the room temperature towards the setpoint temperature, then the controller  301  opens the window to allow light into the room. By contrast, if the room temperature is above or below the setpoint temperature and the temperature of the light in the window will not tend to drive the room temperature towards the setpoint temperature, then the controller  301  closes the window. 
         [0071]    In one embodiment, the controller  301  is configured to provide a few degrees of hysteresis (often referred to as a thermostat deadband) around the setpoint temperature in order to avoid wasting power by excessive opening and closing of the window. 
         [0072]    The controller  301  conserves power by turning off elements of the motorized shade  400  that are not in use. The controller  301  monitors power available from the power sources  305 ,  306 . When available power drops below a low-power threshold value, the motorized shade  200  informs the central controller  601 . When the controller senses that sufficient power has been restored (e.g., through recharging of one or more of the power sources, then the controller  301  resumes normal operation). 
         [0073]    In one embodiment, the motorized shades  200  communicates with each other in order to improve the robustness of the communication in the system. Thus, for example, if a first motorized shade is unable to communicate with the group controller  601  but is able to communicate with a second motorized shade  200 , then the second motorized shade  200  can act as a repeater between the first motorized shade  200  and the group controller  601 . 
         [0074]    The motorized shade system shown in  FIG. 6  can be used in connection with a zoned or non-zoned HVAC system. For example, in winter, the system  600  can be used to open the shades of southerly windows on sunny days to provide some measure of solar heating. By contrast, in winter, the system  600  can be used to close the window shades windows in the evening in order to reduce heat loss and to provide privacy. For example, in winter, the system  600  can be used to close the shades of southerly windows on sunny days to reduce solar heating. By contrast, in summer, the system  600  can be used to open the window shades windows in the evening in order to radiate heat (reducing cooling loads). 
         [0075]    Using the system  600 , the homeowner can select the relative priority of light, temperature, and privacy for each group of shades. The relative priorities can be adjusted based on day of the week, time of day, time of year, etc. In one embodiment, the system  600  is provided with an override switch (not shown) to change the relative priorities (e.g., temperature, privacy, light) based on whether the homeowner is at home or away from home. Thus, for example, while away from home, the homeowner can instruct the system  600  to minimize privacy and maximize HVAC efficiency; by contrast, when at home, the homeowner can instruct the system  600  to use different priorities that provide relatively more privacy. 
         [0076]    In one embodiment, the user can use the computer system  606  to specify the relative desired privacy, temperature, and light levels, and the relative priorities of privacy, temperature, and light, for each group of shades in the house. In one embodiment, the settings can be specified as a matrix of settings according to the day of the week and/or the hour of the day and/or the time of year, etc. 
         [0077]    In one embodiment, the user can create various “profiles” using the computer system. Thus, for example, the user can create a privacy profile, a summer profile, a morning profile, and evening profile, a default profile, a standard profile, a winter profile, etc. Thus, for example, the user can create a privacy profile wherein the various settings of the shade control system are adjusted to provide relatively more privacy. The user can create a summer profile wherein the various settings of the shade control system are adjusted to provide setting the user desires during summer (e.g., efficient use of cooling). The user can create a winter profile wherein the various settings of the shade control system are adjusted to provide settings the user desires during winter (e.g., efficient use of heating). In one embodiment, the system comes configured with a default profile that is configured to provide a balance of privacy, temperature, and light, summer cooling, winter heating, evening privacy, etc. In one embodiment, the default profile is computed by the shade control system according to the geographical location of the house. 
         [0078]    In one embodiment, the control system  601  is an adaptive system (as shown, for example in  FIG. 17 ) configured to learn and adapt. Thus, for example, the control system  601 , when provided with temperature data from a room corresponding to particular group of shades, can adapt to change in room temperature as that group of shades is raised and lowered. 
         [0079]    In one embodiment, the user can create a standard profile that includes the user&#39;s standard desired settings for the system. The use of profiles allows the user to quickly and easily change the many operating parameters of the shade control system (e.g., using the controls  607 ,  608 ) on a group-by-group, room-by-room basis, or on a whole-house basis. 
         [0080]    Any number of independent groups can be controlled by the system  600 .  FIG. 7A  is a block diagram of a centrally-controlled zoned heating and cooling system wherein a central control system  710  communicates with one or more group controllers  707   708  and one or more motorized shades  702 - 705 . In the system  700 , the group controller  707  measures the temperature and/or light of a zone  711 , and the motorized shades  702 ,  703  are used to regulate light to the zone  711 . The group controller  708  measures the temperature and/or light of a zone  712 , and the motorized shades  704 ,  705  regulate light to the zone  712 . A central thermostat  720  controls the HVAC system  721 . 
         [0081]      FIG. 7B  is a block diagram of a centrally-controlled motorized shade system  750  that is similar to the system  700  shown in  FIG. 7A . In  FIG. 7B , the central system  710  communicates with the group controllers  707 ,  708 , the group controller  707  communicates with the motorized shades  702 ,  703 , the group controller  708  communicates with the motorized shades  704 ,  705 , and the central system  710  communicates with the motorized shades  706 ,  707 . In the system  750 , the motorized shades  702 - 705  are in zones that are associated with the respective group controller  707 ,  708  that controls the respective motorized shades  702 - 705 . The motorized shades  706 ,  707  are not associated with any particular group controller and are controlled directly by the central system  710 . One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the communication topology shown in  FIG. 7B  can also be used in connection with the system shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
         [0082]    The central system  710  an example of one embodiment of the central control system  601 . The central system  710  controls and coordinates the operation of the zones  711  and  712 , but the system  710  does not control the HVAC system  721 . In one embodiment, the central system  710  operates independently of the thermostat  720 . In one embodiment, the thermostat  720  is provided to the central system  710  so that the central system  710  knows when the thermostat is calling for heating, cooling, or fan. 
         [0083]    The central system  710  coordinates and prioritizes the operation of the motorized shades  702 - 705 . In one embodiment, the home occupants and provide a priority schedule for the zones  711 ,  712  based on whether the zones are occupied, the time of day, the time of year, etc. Thus, for example, if zone  711  corresponds to a bedroom and zone  712  corresponds to a living room, zone  711  can be given a relatively lower priority during the day and a relatively higher priority during the night. As a second example, if zone  711  corresponds to a first floor, and zone  712  corresponds to a second floor, then zone  712  can be given a higher priority in summer (since upper floors tend to be harder to cool and have different privacy requirements) and a lower priority in winter (since lower floors tend to be harder to heat and my require less privacy). In one embodiment, the occupants can specify a weighted priority between the various zones. 
         [0084]      FIG. 8  is a block diagram of a centrally-controlled motorized shade system  800 . The system  800  is similar to the system  700  and includes the group controllers  707 ,  708  to monitor the zones  711 ,  712 , respectively, and the motorized shades  702 - 705 . The group controllers  707 ,  708  and/or the motorized shades  702 - 705  communicate with a central controller  810 . In the system  800 , the thermostat  720  is provided to the central system  810  and the central system  810  controls the HVAC system  721  directly. The central system  810  an example of one embodiment of the central control system  601 . 
         [0085]    Since the controller in  FIG. 8  also controls the operation of the HVAC system  721 , the controller is better able to call for heating and cooling as needed to maintain the desired temperature of the zones  711 ,  712 . If all, or substantially, all of the home is served by the group controllers and motorized shades, then the central thermostat  720  can be eliminated. 
         [0086]      FIG. 9  is a block diagram of an efficiency-monitoring centrally-controlled motorized shade system  900 . The system  900  is similar to the system  800 . In the system  900 , a controller  910  includes an efficiency-monitoring system that is configured to receive sensor data (e.g., system operating temperatures, etc.) from the HVAC system  721  to monitor the efficiency of the HVAC system  721 . The central system  910  an example of one embodiment of the central control system  601 . 
         [0087]      FIG. 10  is a block diagram of a motorized shade  1000  configured to operate with a powered coil mounted on a window sill. The motorized shade  1000  is one embodiment of the motorized shade  200 . The motorized shade  1000  includes the elements shown in  FIG. 3 , and, in addition, the motorized shade  1000  includes a coil  1001 . The coil  1001  is provided to the controller  301 . In one embodiment, the coil  1001  is provided to the controller  301  through a conductive coupling  350   a  and a conductive coupling  350   b . A powered coil  1002  is provided to a window sill such that when the shade  1000  is lowered to the window sill, the coil  1001  is in proximity to the coil  1002 . In one embodiment, alternating current power is provided to the coil  1002  from a power source  1003 . In one embodiment, the power source  1003  is provided to a wall outlet to receive standard household AC power. When the shade lowered, the coil  1001  electromagnetically couples to the coil  1002  to form a transformer such that power is provided from the coil  1002  to the coil  1001 . The power received by the coil  1001  is provided to the controller  301  and the controller  301  can store the received power in the optional capacitor  306  or in a rechargeable battery  305 . In one embodiment, one or both of the coils  1001 ,  1002  include a core of magnetic material. In one embodiment, the magnetic field produced by the powered coil  1002  attracts the magnetic core of the coil  1001  to help hold the bottom of the shade material in place. 
         [0088]    In one embodiment, the coil  1002  is continuously powered by the power source  1003 . In one embodiment, the controller  301  sends a pulse of power to the coil  1001 , which pulse is then coupled to the coil  1002  and provided by the coil  1002  to the power source  1003 . The power source  1003 , upon sensing the pulse from the controller  301 , then provides power to the coil  1002  in response to the power pulse from the controller  301 . In one embodiment, the controller  301  sends a second pulse to the coil  1001  to instruct the controller  1003  to de-power the coil  1002 . 
         [0089]    In one embodiment, the power source  1003  senses the impedance of the coil  1002  (on a continuous or periodic basis) and provides power to the coil  1002  when the impedance of the coil  1002  indicates that the coil  1001  is in proximity to the coil  1002 . 
         [0090]    Power provided to the coil  1002  will magnetically attract a magnetic core of the coil  1001 . In one embodiment, the motor  303  can provide sufficient torque to overcome such magnetic attraction and raise the shade. In one embodiment, the controller  301  sends a reverse current pulse to the coil  1001  to cause the magnetic field of the coil  1001  to substantially cancel the magnetic field of the coil  1002  in order to release the shade and allow the shade to then be raised by the motor  303 . 
         [0091]    In one embodiment, the controller  301  automatically lowers the shade  1000  when available power from the battery pack  305  and/or capacitor  306  falls below a specified value. In one embodiment, the system controllers (e.g., the controllers  710 ,  810 ,  910 , etc.) instruct the controller  301  to lower the shade  1000  when the available power from the battery pack  305  and/or capacitor  306  falls below a specified value. 
         [0092]    In one embodiment, a plurality of coils  1001  and/or  1002  are provided along the lower portion of the shade material  201  and the window sill respectively. 
         [0093]      FIG. 11  is a block diagram of a basic group controller  1100  for use in connection with the systems shown in  FIGS. 6-9 . In the group controller  1100 , an optional temperature sensor  1102  is provided to a controller  1101 . User input controls  1103  are also provided to the controller  1101  to allow the user to select a shade and specify a setpoint shade opening. A visual display  1110  is provided to the controller  1101 . The controller  1101  uses the visual display  1110  to show the current shade group, setpoint, power status, etc. The communication system  1181  is also provided to the controller  1101 . The power source  404  and, optionally,  405  are provided to provide power for the controller  1100 , the controls  1101 , the sensor  1103 , the communication system  1181 , and the visual display  1110 . 
         [0094]    In systems where the central controller  1101  is used, the communication method used by the group controller  1100  to communicate with the motorized shade  1000  need not be the same method used by the group controller  1100  to communicate with the central controller  1101 . Thus, in one embodiment, the communication system  1181  is configured to provide one type of communication (e.g., infrared, radio, ultrasonic) with the central controller, and a different type of communication with the motorized shade  1000 . 
         [0095]    In one embodiment, the group controller is battery powered. In one embodiment, the group controller is configured into a standard light switch and receives electrical power from the light switch circuit. 
         [0096]      FIG. 12  is a block diagram of a group controller  1200  with remote control for use in connection with the systems shown in  FIGS. 6-9 . The group controller  1200  is similar to the group controller  1100  and includes, the temperature sensor  1103 , the input controls  1102 , the visual display  1110 , the communication system  1181 , and the power sources  404 ,  405 . In the group controller  1200 , the remote control interface  501  is provided to the controller  1101 . 
         [0097]    In one embodiment, an occupant sensor  1201  is provided to the controller  1101 . The occupant sensor  1201 , such as, for example, an infrared sensor, motion sensor, ultrasonic sensor, etc., senses when the zone is occupied. The occupants can program the group controller  1101  to bring the zone to different temperatures and privacy levels when the zone is occupied and when the zone is empty. In one embodiment, the occupants can program the group controller  1101  to bring the zone to different temperatures or privacy levels depending on the time of day, the time of year, the type of room (e.g. bedroom, kitchen, etc.), and/or whether the room is occupied or empty. In one embodiment, a group of zones are combined into a composite zone (e.g., a group of zones such as an entire house, an entire floor, an entire wing, etc.) and the central system  601 ,  810 ,  910  changes the temperature setpoints of the various zones according to whether the composite zone is empty or occupied. 
         [0098]      FIG. 13  shows one embodiment of a central monitoring station console  1300  for accessing the functions represented by the blocks  601 ,  710 ,  810 ,  910  in  FIGS. 6 ,  7 ,  8 ,  9 , respectively. The station  1300  includes a display  1301  and a keypad  1302 . The occupants can specify light level settings, privacy levels, etc using the central system  1300  and/or the group controllers. In one embodiment, the console  1300  is implemented as a hardware device. In one embodiment, the console  1300  is implemented in software as a computer display, such as, for example, on a personal computer. In one embodiment, the zone control functions of the blocks  710 ,  810 ,  910  are provided by a computer program running on a control system processor, and the control system processor interfaces with personal computer to provide the console  1300  on the personal computer. In one embodiment, the zone control functions of the blocks  710 ,  810 ,  910  are provided by a computer program running on a control system processor provided to a hardware console  1300 . In one embodiment, the occupants can use the Internet, telephone, cellular telephone, pager, etc. to remotely access the central system to control the temperature, priority, etc. of one or more zones. 
         [0099]      FIG. 14  is a flowchart showing one embodiment of an instruction loop process  1400  for a motorized shade or group controller. The process  1400  begins at a power-up block  1401 . After power up, the process proceeds to an initialization block  1402 . After initialization, the process advances to a “listen” block  1403  wherein the motorized shade or group controller listens for one or more instructions. If a decision block  1404  determines that an instruction has been received, then the process advances to a “perform instruction” block  1405 , otherwise the process returns to the listen block  1403 . 
         [0100]    For a motorized shade, the instructions can include: open window, close window, open window to a specified partially-open position, report sensor data (e.g., light level, shade position, etc.), report status (e.g., battery status, window position, etc.), and the like. For a group controller, the instructions can include: report light sensor data, report status, etc. In systems where the central system communicates with the motorized shades through a group controller, the instructions can also include: report number of motorized shades, report motorized shade data (e.g., status, position, light, etc.), report motorized shade window position, change motorized shade window position, etc. 
         [0101]    In one embodiment, the listen block  1403  consumes relatively little power, thereby, allowing the motorized shade or group controller to stay in the loop corresponding to the listen block  1403  and conditional branch  1404  for extended periods of time. 
         [0102]    Although the listen block  1403  can be implemented to use relatively little power, a sleep block can be implemented to use even less power.  FIG. 15  is a flowchart showing one embodiment of an instruction and sensor data loop process  1500  for a motorized shade or group controller. The process  1500  begins at a power-up block  1501 . After power up, the process proceeds to an initialization block  1502 . After initialization, the process advances to a “sleep” block  1503  wherein the motorized shade or group controller sleeps for a specified period of time. When the sleep period expires, the process advances to a wakeup block  1504  and then to a decision  1505 . In the decision block  1505 , if a fault is detected, then a transmit fault block  1506  is executed. The process then advances to a sensor block  1507  where sensor readings are taken. After taking sensor readings, the process advances to a listen-for-instructions block  1508 . If an instruction has been received, then the process advances to a “perform instruction” block  1510 ; otherwise, the process returns to the sleep block  1503 . 
         [0103]      FIG. 16  is a flowchart showing one embodiment of an instruction and sensor data reporting loop process  1600  for a motorized shade or group controller. The process  1600  begins at a power-up block  1601 . After power up, the process proceeds to an initialization block  1602 . After initialization, the process advances to a check fault block  1603 . If a fault is detected then a decision block  1604  advances the process to a transmit fault block  1605 ; otherwise, the process advances to a sensor block  1606  where sensor readings are taken. The data values from one or more sensors are evaluated, and if the sensor data is outside a specified range, or if a timeout period has occurred, then the process advances to a transmit data block  1608 ; otherwise, the process advances to a sleep block  1609 . After transmitting in the transmit fault block  1605  or the transmit sensor data block  1608 , the process advances to a listen block  1610  where the motorized shade or group controller listens for instructions. If an instruction is received, then a decision block advances the process to a perform instruction block  1612 ; otherwise, the process advances to the sleep block  1609 . After executing the perform instruction block  1612 , the process transmits an “instruction complete message” and returns to the listen block  1610 . 
         [0104]    The process flows shown in  FIGS. 14-16  show different levels of interaction between devices and different levels of power conservation in the motorized shade and/or group controller. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the motorized shade and group controller are configured to receive sensor data and user inputs, report the sensor data and user inputs to other devices in the zone control system, and respond to instructions from other devices in the zone control system. Thus, the process flows shown in  FIGS. 14-16  are provided for illustrative purposes and not by way of limitation. Other data reporting and instruction processing loops will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by using the disclosure herein. 
         [0105]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade and/or group controller “sleep,” between sensor readings. In one embodiment, the central system  601  sends out a “wake up” signal. When a motorized shade or group controller receives a wake up signal, it takes one or more sensor readings, encodes it into a digital signal, and transmits the sensor data along with an identification code. 
         [0106]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade is bi-directional and configured to receive instructions from the central system. Thus, for example, the central system can instruct the motorized shade to: perform additional measurements; go to a standby mode; wake up; report battery status; change wake-up interval; run self-diagnostics and report results; etc. 
         [0107]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade provides two wake-up modes, a first wake-up mode for taking measurements (and reporting such measurements if deemed necessary), and a second wake-up mode for listening for commands from the central system. The two wake-up modes, or combinations thereof, can occur at different intervals. 
         [0108]    In one embodiment, the motorized shades use spread-spectrum techniques to communicate with the group controllers and/or the central system. In one embodiment, the motorized shades use frequency-hopping spread-spectrum. In one embodiment, each motorized shade has an Identification code (ID) and the motorized shades attaches its ID to outgoing communication packets. In one embodiment, when receiving wireless data, each motorized shade ignores data that is addressed to other motorized shades. 
         [0109]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade provides bi-directional communication and is configured to receive data and/or instructions from the central system. Thus, for example, the central system can instruct the motorized shade to perform additional measurements, to go to a standby mode, to wake up, to report battery status, to change wake-up interval, to run self-diagnostics and report results, etc. In one embodiment, the motorized shade reports its general health and status on a regular basis (e.g., results of self-diagnostics, battery health, etc.) 
         [0110]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade use spread-spectrum techniques to communicate with the central system. In one embodiment, the motorized shade uses frequency-hopping spread-spectrum. In one embodiment, the motorized shade has an address or identification (ID) code that distinguishes the motorized shade from the other motorized shades. The motorized shade attaches its ID to outgoing communication packets so that transmissions from the motorized shade can be identified by the central system. The central system attaches the ID of the motorized shade to data and/or instructions that are transmitted to the motorized shade. In one embodiment, the motorized shade ignores data and/or instructions that are addressed to other motorized shades. 
         [0111]    In one embodiment, the motorized shades, group controllers, central system, etc., communicate on a 900 MHz frequency band. This band provides relatively good transmission through walls and other obstacles normally found in and around a building structure. In one embodiment, the motorized shades and group controllers communicate with the central system on bands above and/or below the 900 MHz band. In one embodiment, the motorized shades and group controllers listen to a radio frequency channel before transmitting on that channel or before beginning transmission. If the channel is in use, (e.g., by another device such as another central system, a cordless telephone, etc.) then the motorized shades and/or group controllers change to a different channel. In one embodiment, the sensor, central system coordinates frequency hopping by listening to radio frequency channels for interference and using an algorithm to select a next channel for transmission that avoids the interference. In one embodiment, the motorized shade and/or group controller transmits data until it receives an acknowledgement from the central system that the message has been received. 
         [0112]    Frequency-hopping wireless systems offer the advantage of avoiding other interfering signals and collisions. Moreover, there are regulatory advantages given to systems that do not transmit continuously at one frequency. Channel-hopping transmitters change frequencies after a period of continuous transmission, or when interference is encountered. These systems may have higher transmit power and relaxed limitations on in-band spurs. 
         [0113]    In one embodiment, the controller  301  reads the sensors at regular periodic intervals. In one embodiment, the controller  301  reads the sensors at random intervals. In one embodiment, the controller  301  reads the sensors in response to a wake-up signal from the central system. In one embodiment, the controller  301  sleeps between sensor readings. 
         [0114]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade transmits sensor data until a handshaking-type acknowledgement is received. Thus, rather than sleep if no instructions or acknowledgements are received after transmission (e.g., after the instruction block  1510 ,  1405 ,  1612  and/or the transmit blocks  1605 ,  1608 ) the motorized shade retransmits its data and waits for an acknowledgement. The motorized shade continues to transmit data and wait for an acknowledgement until an acknowledgement is received. In one embodiment, the motorized shade accepts an acknowledgement from a zone thermometer and it then becomes the responsibility of the zone thermometer to make sure that the data is forwarded to the central system. The two-way communication ability of the motorized shade and zone thermometer provides the capability for the central system to control the operation of the motorized shade and/or zone thermometer and also provides the capability for robust handshaking-type communication between the motorized shade, the zone thermometer, and the central system. 
         [0115]    In one embodiment of the system  600  shown in  FIG. 6 , the motorized shades  602 ,  603  send window temperature data to the group controller  601 . The group controller  601  compares the window temperature to the room temperature and the setpoint temperature and makes a determination as to whether the motorized shades  602 ,  603  should be open or closed. The group controller  601  then sends commands to the motorized shades  602 ,  603  to open or close the windows. In one embodiment, the group controller  601  displays the window position on the visual display  1110 . 
         [0116]    In one embodiment of the system  600  shown in  FIG. 6 , the group controller  601  sends setpoint information and current room temperature information to the motorized shades  602 ,  603 . The motorized shades  602 ,  603  compare the window temperature to the room temperature and the setpoint temperature and makes a determination as to whether to open or close the windows. In one embodiment, the motorized shades  602 ,  603  send information to the group controller  601  regarding the relative position of the windows (e.g., open, closed, partially open, etc.). 
         [0117]    In the systems  700 ,  750 ,  800 ,  900  (the centralized systems) the group controllers  707 ,  708  send room temperature and setpoint temperature information to the central system. In one embodiment, the group controllers  707 ,  708  also send temperature slope (e.g., temperature rate of rise or fall) information to the central system. In the systems where the thermostat  720  is provided to the central system or where the central system controls the HVAC system, the central system knows whether the HVAC system is providing heating or cooling; otherwise, the central system uses window temperature information provide by the motorized shades  702 - 705  to determine whether the HVAC system is heating or cooling. In one embodiment, motorized shades send window temperature information to the central system. In one embodiment, the central system queries the motorized shades by sending instructions to one or more of the motorized shades  702 - 705  instructing the motorized shade to transmit its window temperature. 
         [0118]    The central system determines how much to open or close motorized shades  702 - 705  according to the available heating and cooling capacity of the HVAC system and according to the priority of the zones and the difference between the desired temperature and actual temperature of each zone. In one embodiment, the occupants use the group controller  707  to set the setpoint and priority of the zone  711 , the group controller  708  to set the setpoint and priority of the zone  712 , etc. In one embodiment, the occupants use the central system console  1300  to set the setpoint and priority of each zone, and the group controllers to override (either on a permanent or temporary basis) the central settings. In one embodiment, the central console  1300  displays the current temperature, setpoint temperature, temperature slope, and priority of each zone. 
         [0119]    In one embodiment, the central system allocates HVAC light to each zone according to the priority of the zone and the temperature of the zone relative to the setpoint temperature of the zone. Thus, for example, in one embodiment, the central system provides relatively more HVAC light to relatively higher priority zones that are not at their temperature setpoint than to lower priority zones or zones that are at or relatively near their setpoint temperature. In one embodiment, the central system avoids closing or partially closing too many windows in order to avoid reducing light in the window below a desired minimum value. 
         [0120]    In one embodiment, the central system monitors a temperature rate of rise (or fall) in each zone and sends commands to adjust the amount each motorized shade  702 - 705  is open to bring higher priority zones to a desired temperature without allowing lower-priority zones to stray too far form their respective setpoint temperature. 
         [0121]    In one embodiment, the central system uses predictive modeling to calculate an amount of window opening for each of the motorized shades  702 - 705  to reduce the number of times the windows are opened and closed and thereby reduce power usage by the motors  409 . In one embodiment, the central system uses a neural network to calculate a desired window opening for each of the motorized shades  702 - 705 . In one embodiment, various operating parameters such as the capacity of the central HVAC system, the volume of the house, etc., are programmed into the central system for use in calculating window openings and closings. In one embodiment, the central system is adaptive and is configured to learn operating characteristics of the HVAC system and the ability of the HVAC system to control the temperature of the various zones as the motorized shades  702 - 705  are opened and closed. In an adaptive learning system, as the central system controls the motorized shades to achieve the desired temperature over a period of time, the central system learns which motorized shades need to be opened, and by how much, to achieve a desired level of heating and cooling for each zone. The use of such an adaptive central system is convenient because the installer is not required to program HVAC operating parameters into the central system. In one embodiment, the central system provides warnings when the HVAC system appears to be operating abnormally, such as, for example, when the temperature of one or more zones does not change as expected (e.g., because the HVAC system is not operating properly, a window or door is open, etc.). 
         [0122]    In one embodiment, the adaptation and learning capability of the central system uses different adaptation results (e.g., different coefficients) based on light levels, whether the HVAC system is heating or cooling, the outside temperature, a change in the setpoint temperature or priority of the zones, etc. Thus, in one embodiment, the central system uses a first set of adaptation coefficients when the HVAC system is cooling, and a second set of adaptation coefficients when the HVAC system is heating. In one embodiment, the adaptation is based on a predictive model. In one embodiment, the adaptation is based on a neural network. 
         [0123]      FIG. 17  is a block diagram of a control algorithm  1700  for controlling the motorized shades. For purposes of explanation, and not by way of limitation, the algorithm  1700  is described herein as running on the central system. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the algorithm  1700  can be run by the central system, by the group controller, by the motorized shade, or the algorithm  1700  can be distributed among the central system, the group controller, and the motorized shade. In the algorithm  1700 , in a block  1701  of the algorithm  1700 , the setpoint light levels from one or more group controllers are provided to a calculation block  1702 . The calculation block  1702  calculates the motorized shade settings (e.g., how much to open or close each motorized shade) according to the desired light level, privacy level, etc. In one embodiment, the block  1702  uses a predictive model as described above. In one embodiment, the block  1702  calculates the motorized shade settings for each group independently (e.g., without regard to interactions between group). In one embodiment, the block  1702  calculates the motorized shade settings for each zone in a coupled-zone manner that includes interactions between groups. In one embodiment, the calculation block  1702  calculates new window openings by taking into account the current window openings and in a manner configured to minimize the power consumed by opening and closing the motorized shades. 
         [0124]    Window shade settings from the block  1702  are provided to each of the motorized shade motors in a block  1703 , wherein the motorized shades are moved to new opening positions as desired (and, optionally, one or more of the fans  402  are turned on to pull additional light from desired windows). After setting the new window openings in the block  1703 , the process advances to a block  1704  where new measurement values (e.g., temperature, light, privacy, etc.) are obtained from the group controllers (the new zone temperatures and light levels being responsive to the new motorized shade settings made in block  1703 ). The new zone temperatures are provided to an adaptation input of the block  1702  to be used in adapting a predictive model used by the block  1702 . The new zone temperatures also provided to a temperature input of the block  1702  to be used in calculating new motorized shade settings. 
         [0125]    As described above, in one embodiment, the algorithm used in the calculation block  1702  is configured to predict the motorized shade opening needed to bring each group to the desired setting based on the current temperature, the available heating and cooling, the amount of light available through each motorized shade, etc. The calculating block uses the prediction model to attempt to calculate the motorized shade openings needed for relatively long periods of time in order to reduce the power consumed in unnecessarily by opening and closing the motorized shades. In one embodiment, the motorized shades are battery powered, and thus reducing the movement of the motorized shades extends the life of the batteries. In one embodiment, the block  1702  uses a predictive model that learns the characteristics of the system and the various zones and thus, the model prediction tends to improve over time. 
         [0126]    In one embodiment, the group controllers report zone temperatures and/or light levels to the central system and/or the motorized shades at regular intervals. In one embodiment, the group controllers report zone temperatures to the central system and/or the motorized shades after the zone temperature has changed by a specified amount specified by a threshold value. In one embodiment, the group controllers report zone temperatures to the central system and/or the motorized shades in response to a request instruction from the central system or motorized shade. 
         [0127]    In one embodiment, the group controllers report setpoint temperatures and/or light levels, zone priority values, etc. to the central system or motorized shades whenever the occupants change the setpoint temperatures or zone priority values using the user controls  1102 . In one embodiment, the group controllers report setpoint temperatures and zone priority values to the central system or motorized shades in response to a request instruction from the central system or motorized shades. 
         [0128]    In one embodiment, the occupants can choose the thermostat deadband value (e.g., the hysteresis value) used by the calculation block  1702 . A relatively larger deadband value reduces the movement of the motorized shade at the expense of larger temperature variations in the zone. 
         [0129]    In one embodiment, the occupant sensor  1201  is used to change the privacy priority from relatively lower to relatively higher priority. Thus, for example, the system can be configured to provide relatively more privacy when a room or area is occupied than when the area is unoccupied. In one embodiment, a hysteresis-like value is used in connection with the occupancy sensor such that the privacy setting of an area changes relatively slowly so that the motorized shades do not run up and down repeatedly if a person walks in and out the area detected by the occupant sensor  1201 . In one embodiment, the system  601  uses the data from the occupant sensor  1201  to learn when an area is likely to be occupied or unoccupied for a period of time and vary the privacy setting accordingly. 
         [0130]    In one embodiment, the motorized shades report sensor data (e.g., window temperature, light, power status, position, etc.) to the central system and/or the group controllers at regular intervals. In one embodiment, the motorized shades report sensor data to the central system and/or the group controllers whenever the sensor data fails a threshold test (e.g., exceeds a threshold value, falls below a threshold value, falls inside a threshold range, or falls outside a threshold range, etc.). In one embodiment, the motorized shades report sensor data to the central system and/or the group controllers in response to a request instruction from the central system or group controller. 
         [0131]    In one embodiment, the central system is shown in  FIGS. 7-9  is implemented in a distributed fashion in the group controllers  1100  and/or in the motorized shades. In the distributed system, the central system does not necessarily exists as a distinct device, rather, the functions of the central system can be are distributed in the group controllers  1100  and/or the motorized shades. Thus, in a distributed system,  FIGS. 7-9  represent a conceptual/computational model of the system. For example, in a distributed system, each group controller  100  knows its zone priority, and the group controllers  1100  in the distributed system negotiate to allocate the available light, privacy, heating/cooling, etc. among the zones. In one embodiment of a distributed system, one of the group controller assumes the role of a master thermostat that collects data from the other group controllers and implements the calculation block  1902 . In one embodiment of a distributed system, the group controllers operate in a peer-to-peer fashion, and the calculation block  1902  is implemented in a distributed manner across a plurality of group controllers and/or motorized shades. 
         [0132]    In one embodiment, the motorized shade reports its power status to the central system or group controller. In one embodiment the central system or group controller takes such power status into account when determining new motorized shade openings. Thus, for example, if there are first and second motorized shades serving one zone and the central system knows that the first motorized shade is low on power, the central system will use the second motorized shade to modulate the light into the zone. If the first motorized shade is able to use the fan  402  or other light-based generator to generate electrical power, the central system will instruct the second motorized shade to a relatively closed position in and direct relatively more light through the first motorized shade when directing light into the zone. 
         [0133]    In one embodiment, the central system or group controller instructs the shades to open in response to a fire or smoke alarm signal. In one embodiment, the central system or group controller instructs the shades to open or close in response to a signal from a burglar alarm system. In one embodiment, the central system or group controller instructs the shades to open or close in response to a window open, window close, door open, and/or door close signal from a burglar alarm-type system. In one embodiment, the group controller is provided to a network connection (e.g., an Internet connection, cellular telephone connection, telephone connection etc.) to allow the homeowner to remotely open or close the blinds or to remotely change priority parameters in the control system (e.g., desired relative priority of privacy, temperature, and light, desired temperature, desired privacy level, desired light level, etc.). In one embodiment, the user can remotely control the network-connected group controller via telephone or cellular telephone. 
         [0134]      FIG. 18  shows one embodiment of a motorized shade, with a tubular motor  303 , internal batteries as the power source  350 , and an electronics module  1801 . The electronics module includes for example, the controller  301 , the optional capacitor  306 , the RF transceiver  302 , and the optional RFID tag  309 . 
         [0135]      FIG. 19  shows one embodiment of a motorized shade with a tubular motor  303 , internal batteries as the power source  350 , the electronics module  1801 , and a fascia  1901 . 
         [0136]    It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the motorized shade is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrated embodiments and that the present motorized shade may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributed thereof, furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, although specific embodiments are described in terms of the 900 MHz frequency band, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that frequency bands above and below 900 MHz can be used as well. The wireless system can be configured to operate on one or more frequency bands, such as, for example, the HF band, the VHF band, the UHF band, the Microwave band, the Millimeter wave band, etc. One of ordinary skill in the art will further recognize that techniques other than spread spectrum can also be used and/or can be used instead spread spectrum. The modulation used is not limited to any particular modulation method, such that modulation scheme used can be, for example, frequency modulation, phase modulation, amplitude modulation, combinations thereof, etc. The one or more of the wireless communication systems described above can be replaced by wired communication. The one or more of the wireless communication systems described above can be replaced by powerline networking communication. The foregoing description of the embodiments is, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, with the scope of the invention being delineated by the appended claims and their equivalents.