Abstract:
A photocatalyst device includes light guide member composed of a substantially transparent member having a first surface and/or a second surface, a plurality of diffusing areas and a plurality of non-diffusing areas disposed alternately on the first surface and/or the second surface, and photocatalyst member including photocatalyst material, being disposed adjacent to the transparent member, or being disposed on the transparent member. Further, a photocatalyst reactor includes the photocatalyst device as described in the above and one or more light sources generating light directed toward the transparent member. The transparent member may be composed of a transparent panel having a substantially uniform thickness or a substantially variable thickness. A density of the diffusing areas and/or the non-diffusing areas may be variably distributed on the first surface and/or the second surface. The diffusing areas may be rough surface areas and/or the non-diffusing areas may be smooth surface areas.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to a device and a reactor including photocatalyst. 
     More particularly, this invention relates to the method in which the photocatalyst is activated by light rays with relatively short wavelength and a substance is subject to reaction of oxidation and/or reduction when the substance is in contact with or in close vicinity to the photocatalyst. Further, the invention relates to the device having photocatalyst layer including photocatalyst and further the invention relates to the reactor having photocatalyst layer including photocatalyst and a light source generating the light rays with relatively short wavelength. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     It is well know that a photocatalyst activating by light rays with relatively short wavelength decomposes or dissolves an organic substance which is in contact with, in close vicinity to, or deposited on the photocatalyst by reaction of oxidation and/or reduction or photocatalyst effect. 
     Typical photocatalyst is a kind of photo activated semiconductor such as Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). 
     There are many fields of application of such photocatalyst, for instance, cleaning to delete dirty component from the surface of articles, dirt protection to prevent depositing of dirty component, prevention from spread of infection, deleting of odor, cleaning of air, processing of exhausting gas, cleaning of water, processing of exhausting water, dissolving of a water to make Hydrogen, speeding up of a chemical reaction and dissolving of pollutant which cause social pollution. 
     All the applications as mentioned above utilize the photocatalyst reaction of photocatalyst function by strong oxidation-reduction power to exert when the photocatalyst is activated by light. 
     For example, the photocatalyst being radiated by the light rays with short wavelength activates any Oxygen(O2) existing in the air, that dissolved or mixed in water, to form Ozone(O3) or activated Oxygen(O1). The Ozone or the activated Oxygen decomposes microorganisms such as fungi (i.e. molds) bacteria and organic chlorine compound containing in the water by oxidization. Therefore, the odor-less or color-less water is obtained and the water is sterilized. 
     Furthermore, the photocatalyst being radiated by the light rays having short wavelength shows a high activity of water&#39;s decomposition and helps to decompose the water(H2O) to activated oxygen(O) and hydrogen(H2). 
     Moreover, the photocatalyst as the material to eliminate or decrease environmental pollution. contributes to the decomposition of pollutants in which the pollutants contain a volatile organic solvent such as trichroloethylene, tetrachroloethylene, a chemical agent for agriculture such as grass eliminating agent bioinsecticide, an organic phosphate and a harmful inorganic chemical compound such as cyan and a kind of chrome. 
     Where multiple photocatalyst particles are used directly for reaction of oxidation-reduction with any substance, it is very difficult to separate and collect the photocatalyst particles and a device to utilize photocatalyst particles becomes complicated and large scale. 
     While, where multiple photocatalyst particles are used as a form of photocatalyst supported substrate in which a layer including the photocatalyst particles is fixed and supported on the substrate, recycling of the photocatalyst particles can be easily done because the separation and collection of the photocatalyst particles are not needed. 
     As for the latter case using the photocatalyst supported substrate, the publication of unexamined patent application of Japan No. 155726/1993 discloses that a Titanium Dioxide layer of photocatalyst is coated on a substrate such as metal, ceramic and glass, for the purpose of protecting a surface of the substrate from growth of bacteria. 
     Referring to FIG.  5  and FIG. 6, a typical prior art showing a device including photocatalyst(a substrate device supporting photocatalyst, a device with photocatalyst, or a photocatalyst device) is explained in which a layer including photocatalyst particles is fixed on a substrate. 
     FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic perspective view of a photocatalyst reactor showing the prior art of FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line B—B in FIG. 5, showing the photocatalyst device  300 . 
     In FIG.  5  and FIG. 6, the photocatalyst device  300  consists of a plate like substrate  30  made from metal, ceramic or glass and a photocatalyst layer  20  made of binder layer including many photocatalyst particles in which the photocatalyst layer  20  is formed or fixed on the substrate  30 . 
     As shown in FIG. 5, a conventional photocatalyst reactor consists of the photocatalyst device  300  having the substrate  30  and the photocatalyst layer  20  and a short wavelength light source  210 (typically Ultraviolet light source) generating short wavelength light rays, such as Ultraviolet(UV) light rays. The light source  210  is preferably composed of a lamp having a linear shape (i.e. a tubular shape). 
     The short wavelength light source  210  is installed at a location, distant from the photocatalyst layer  20  of photocatalyst device  300 , keeping a vertical distance “D”. 
     As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the UV light rays L 10  generating from the Ultraviolet light source  210  are directed toward a front surface of the substrate  30  and radiate directly a front surface of photocatalyst layer  20  coated on the front surface of the substrate  30 . 
     Reference mark “OB” indicating as circle in FIG. 5 shows an object to be cleaned-up or purified, or a dirty component such as dirty substance by foods, molds, bacteria, dirty substance by oil, which is in contact with, inclose vicinity to, or deposited on the photocatalyst layer  20 . 
     In an area which the dirty object “OB” exists, a large amount of the UV light rays L 10  is absorbed (or reflected) at the dirty object “OB”, on the way passing through the dirty object “OB”. Therefore only a small amount of such light rays L 10  reaches to the photocatalyst layer  20  in the area and the photocatalyst layer  20  in the area is activated or energizes in small rate by the UV light rays L 10  with reduced lighting power. 
     Further, where the object “OB” composed of various media such as liquid(water, etc.) or gas(exhaust gas, etc.) are cleaned-up or process to react for clarification, the object “OB” exists between the UV light source  210  and the photocatalyst device  300 . In this case, the object “OB” absorbs (or reflects) some amount of the UV light rays L 10  radiated from the UV light source  210  and the photocatalyst layer  20  of the photocatalyst device  300  receives the remaining amount of UV light rays L 10 . Therefore, only the remaining amount of UV light rays L 10  activates the photocatalyst layer  20 . 
     As well known, water(generally liquid) can easily transmit visible light rays, while it absorbs short wavelength light rays L 10  such as UV rays instead of transmitting. 
     Accordingly, in the prior art, an efficiency of short wavelength light rays L 10  used for activation of photocatalyst is too low, because the object “OB” is existing between the short wavelength light source  210  and the photocatalyst layer  20  of the photocatalyst device  300 . 
     Therefore, the prior art has such disadvantage that an effective use is not made for the short wavelength light rays L 10  radiating(emitting) from the short wavelength light source  210  and a large volume of the short wavelength light source  210  with high power is required to accelerate a photocatalyst reaction in the photocatalyst reactor  300  and  210 . 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A main object of the invention is to provide a new method for activating photocatalyst, new device and reactor, including photocatalyst. 
     A further main object of the invention is to provide new method for activating photocatalyst, new device and reactor, including photocatalyst, in which a photocatalyst layer supported on a substrate is not required to exist or present between an object to be cleansed or be processed to make clean-up and a short wavelength rays light source radiating short wavelength rays to activate the photocatalyst layer. 
     To accomplish the object, the invention is so composed that a light transmission member is used for a substrate to support a photocatalyst layer, the light transmission member is capable of transmitting light rays with comparatively short wavelength, the transmitting light rays are introducing from outside to the light transmission member and the photocatalyst layer is activated by radiation of the light rays which are leaked gradually from inside of the light transmission member to the photocatalyst layer on the way of repeated reflection inside the light transmission member. 
     In more detail, a photocatalyst device of the present invention comprises a light transmission member which is capable of transmitting light rays with comparatively short wavelength and a photocatalyst layer including photocatalyst supported on light transmission member. 
     In more detail, a photocatalyst reactor of the present invention comprises a light transmission member which is capable of transmitting light rays with comparatively short wavelength and a photocatalyst layer including photocatalyst supported on light transmission member, and a light source of short wavelength rays, which generate or emit the light rays with comparatively short wavelength. 
     The above mentioned light rays are introduced from outside to inside of the above mentioned light transmission member, they repeat multiple reflection inside the light transmission member and they leak out gradually from the light transmission member. 
     And the above mentioned photocatalyst layer is activated by radiation of the light rays which are leaked from the light transmission member. 
     Further, the above mentioned light rays are directed to the above mentioned light input portion in the above mentioned light transmission member. 
     According to the photocatalyst device and the photocatalyst reactor of the present invention, the light rays with relatively short wavelength are so constructed that the light transmission member or light transmission substrate supports the photocatalyst layer on surface/surfaces in the light transmission member, the short wavelength light rays being introduced from a portion of the light transmission member are once converted to a flat type illumination light radiating the short wavelength light rays and the photocatalyst layer supported on the light transmission member are activated by radiation of the short wavelength light rays from the flat type illumination light. 
     The object to be cleaned, or reacted, etc. which is contacted, closed to, or stacked is cleaned-up or processed to react for clarification by oxidation and/or reduction. 
     In compared to the prior art as explained with FIG.  5  and FIG. 6, any objects to be cleaned, or reacted, etc. are not existed between the surface/surfaces of photocatalyst layer and a short wavelength light source in the present invention. 
     Therefore, the photocatalyst device of the present invention has a high using factor of the short wavelength light rays for activating the photocatalyst to be able to use effectively a large amount of the light rays without loss of the light rays, and furthermore, the photocatalyst reactor of the present invention is able to use the sort wavelength light source with relatively a smaller power than that of the prior art. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     A complete understanding of this invention may be obtained from the following explanations, in connection with the accompanying drawings; in which: 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic perspective view of a photocatalyst reactor, explaining a basical preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a partially omitted, schematic enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line A—A in FIG. 1, showing the photocatalyst device  100 ; 
     FIG. 3 shows a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view, taken along the line A—A of FIG. 1, in which scale of FIG. 3 is different from FIG.  1  and FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 4 shows a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view, enlarging a part  100   a  in FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic perspective view of a photocatalyst reactor showing the prior art. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line B—B in FIG. 5, showing the photocatalyst device  300 ; 
     FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic perspective view explaining another embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining still another embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining other embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining further embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining still further more embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining further embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining further embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining further embodiment of the invention; and 
     FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining further embodiment of the invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 
     Like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts or portions throughout the drawings. 
     Reference is made to FIG.  1  and FIG. 2 showing one preferred basic embodiment of this invention. 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic perspective view of a photocatalyst reactor and FIG. 2 illustrates a partially omitted, schematic enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line A—A in FIG. 1, showing the photocatalyst device  100 . 
     In FIG.  1  and FIG. 2, the photocatalyst device  100  composes a panel type light transmission member (or a light transmission panel)  10  which can transmit well short wavelength rays L 1  and a photocatalyst layer  20  including photocatalyst in which it is supported on a front surface  10   a  of the light transmission panel  10 . Numeral  10   b  shows a rear surface, number  10   c  shows a side terminal surface, number  10   d  shows another side terminal surface  10   d  in the light transmission panel  10  and reference character “OB” shows the object to be cleaned, or reacted, etc. 
     The light transmission panel  10  may be made from inorganic material such as Fused Quartz (including not less than 99.9 weight % of SiO2), Sapphire, Borosilicate glass (composing SiO2; 75.3, B2O3; 13.8; ZnO; 1.4, Al2O3; 4.3, NaO; 5.0 weight %), etc. and it may be made of organic material such as Silicone resin such as Dimethyl Silicone, Acrylic resin such as Methacrylate, Polyethylene, Polycarbonate resin and UV transmissible Fluoric resin such as Polyfluoroethylene, etc. 
     The photocatalyst layer  20  includes photocatalyst material which is a kind of photo activated semiconductor selected from Titanium Oxide, i.e. Titanium Dioxide, Tungsten Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Tin Oxide and Zinc Sulfide. The photocatalyst layer  20  may be composed of multiple photocatalyst particles and an organic or inorganic binder to bind and fix the photocatalyst particles on the light transmission panel  10 . A photocatalyst adding special metal such as Titanium Dioxide with a small amount of platinum has an excellent photocatalyst function. 
     In more detail, the photocatalyst layer  20  may be composed of multiple photocatalyst particles and transparent organic binder or paint capable of transmitting the short wavelength rays L 1  such as such as Silicone resin, Acrylic resin, Polycarbonate resin and UV transmissible Fluoric resin, Polyester resin etc. Alternatively, the photocatalyst layer  20  may be composed of multiple photocatalyst particles and the transparent inorganic binder capable of transmitting the short wavelength rays L 1  such as glass frit (i.e. powders or particles). 
     Alternatively, the photocatalyst layer  20  may be made from Titania sol, which is in advance coated on the inorganic light transmission panel  10 , is treated by high temperature of about 500° C. then the Titania sol changes to Titanium Dioxide. 
     As shown in FIG. 1, a linear or tubular short wavelength light source  200  is placed at a vicinity of one side terminal surface  10   c  of the light transmission panel  10  in order to radiate or emit the short wavelength rays L 1  which is introduced or input into the light transmission panel  10 . 
     As shown in FIG.  1  and FIG. 2, the short wavelength rays L 1 (indicated as an arrow), radiating from the short wavelength light source  200  are introduced into the light transmission panel  10 , the short wavelength rays L 2 (indicating as another arrow) once input into light transmission panel  10  repeat multiple reflection or internal total reflection, according to similar principle to an optical fiber which is widely used for an optical telecommunication. The short wavelength rays L 2  transmitting from the side terminal  10   c  toward the another side terminal  10   d  are simultaneously leaked out little by little or gradually to the front surface  10   a  and the rear surface  10   b  of the light transmission panel  10 . 
     The short wavelength rays L 2  leaking from the front surface  10   a  are incident and are radiating the photocatalyst layer  20  from a rear side. The photocatalyst layer  20  radiating by the short wavelength rays L 2  absorbs the short wavelength rays L 2  and is activated. 
     Reference mark “OB” shows an object to be cleaned-up or purified, or a dirty component such as dirty substance by foods, molds, bacteria, dirty substance by oil, which is existing on, is in contact with, or is deposited on the photocatalyst layer  20 . 
     The photocatalyst layer  20  activated by the short wavelength rays L 2  is letting the object “OB” indicated as a circle in FIG. 1 to dissolve and react by oxidation and/or reduction. 
     Therefore, the photocatalyst device  100  and the photocatalyst reactor (composed of the photocatalyst device  100  and the short wavelength light source  200 ) are, for instance, capable of easily deleting the object “OB” from the surface of the photocatalyst layer  20 , capable of sterilizing bacteria and virus, capable of deleting odor, and capable of deleting color. 
     In FIG.  1  and FIG. 2, an example is shown where the object “OB” is in contact with or deposited on a part(indicated as a circle area) of the front surface in the photocatalyst layer  20 , and also where the object “OB” is in contact with or deposited on almost the entire front surface in the photocatalyst layer  20 , similarly it is a matter of course that the object “OB” is able to be processed to dissolve or react. 
     The kinds of object “OB” to be cleaned up or reacted may be liquid components such as a tap water from a water supply, drain water, oil, etc. and/or gaseous components such as an air with dirty elements, exhaust gas, etc. Such fluid objects “OB” can also be processed to be cleaned up or reacted that the fluid objects “OB” are subject to be contacted with the surface of the photocatalyst layer  20  in the photocatalyst device  100 . 
     Photo-activated semiconductors can be used as the photocatalyst (or the photocatalytic) materials such as Titanium Dioxide; TiO2 (photo activation wavelength; not more than 388 nm), Tungsten Dioxide; WO2 (photo activation wavelength; not more than 388 nm), Zinc Oxide; ZnO (photo activation wavelength; not more than 388 nm), Zinc Sulfide; ZnS (photo activation wavelength; not more than 344 nm) and Tin Dioxide, SnO2 (photo activation wavelength; not more than 326 nm). 
     The ultraviolet(UV) rays may be used as the short wavelength light rays  200 , since they can strongly activate the photocatalyst. 
     The UV rays are an invisible electromagnetic wave within a range from 380 namo meter(nm) or 3800 angstrom(Å) near visible light rays to X rays. In more details, the UV rays are classified into UV-A rays with wavelength from 380 nm to 315 nm, UV-B rays with wavelength from 380 nm to 315 nm with wavelength from 315 nm to 280 nm and UV-C rays with wavelength from 280 nm to 100 nm. 
     The UV light source  200  emitting the UV light rays L 1  various vacuum discharge lamps such as a germicidal lamp, black light to curt visible light, UV radiated fluorescent lamp, halogen lamp and laser to emit coherent UV laser beam. 
     The germicidal lamp is a conventional low or high pressure mercury lamp using a UV transmissible glass tube such as transparent fused quartz, which emits UV light rays with short wavelength between the range from 250 nm to 280 nm (center wavelength; 253.7 nm) by discharge of mercury. 
     The black light is a kind of fluorescent lamp emitting blue color and UV light rays using UV transmissible glass tube with a black filter to cut the UV light rays, or using UV transmissible black filter glass tube to cut only the blue color light rays, which emits UV light rays with medium wavelength between the range from 380 nm to 300 by discharge of mercury. 
     The UV radiated fluorescent lamp is transparent glass tube without the black filter instead of the black light, which emits blue color light rays and also UV light rays with medium and long wavelength. 
     The halogen lamp is high pressure mercury lamp adding metal halide inside the lamp tube, which emits UV light rays with medium and long wavelength. 
     FIG.  3  and FIG. 4 illustrate more details of the above mentioned embodiment of the invention, in which the object “OB” is eliminated. 
     FIG. 3 shows a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view, taken along the line A—A of FIG. 1, in which scale of FIG. 3 is different from FIG.  1  and FIG.  2 . FIG. 4 shows a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view, enlarging a part  100   a  in FIG.  3 . 
     In FIG.  3  and FIG. 4, the photocatalyst device  100  is composed of the short wavelength rays transmitting member  10  of plate like form and the photocatalyst layer  20  including photocatalyst, which is supported on a surface  10   a  of the member  10 . Furthermore, the photocatalyst layer  20  may be composed of many photocatalyst particles  20   b  and inorganic or organic binding(or bonding) material  20   a,  in which the photocatalyst particles  20   b  are fixed securely on the surface  10   a  of the transmitting member  10  by use of the binder  20   a.    
     As shown in FIG. 4, the front surface  10   a  is roughly treated by means of conventional emery paper, sand blast, chemical etching, hot stamping, etc., in which a plurality of small projections and/or grooves are formed in the roughly treated area. The roughly treated area helps the light rays L 2  leak out from the front surface  10   a  to the photocatalyst layer  20 . In addition, the transmitting member  10  and the photocatalyst layer  20  have an increased surface area in the roughly treated area; therefore, the photocatalyst material included in the photocatalyst layer  20  can be efficiently activated by the light rays L 2 . On the contrary, the rear surface  10   b  is smooth as much as possible. 
     As an alternative, the front surface may have rough areas and smooth areas intermittently or alternately. 
     As another alternative, the rear surface  10   b  may have light reflecting metal coating such as Al or Ni by evaporating or sputtering. 
     As still another alternative, in addition to one line light type UV light source  200  installed at a vicinity of the side terminal  10   c  shown in FIG. 1, extra similar UV light source/sources may be installed at a vicinity of at least one of another side terminal/terminals in total four pieces. 
     The short wavelength rays L 1  incident to one side terminal  10   c  of the short wavelength rays transmitting member  10  becomes the transmitting light rays L 2 (not shown in FIG.  3  &amp; FIG. 4, see FIG. 2) transmitting repeatedly inside toward another side terminal  10   d.  And the transmitting light rays L 2  are subjected to leak out gradually or little by little on the way of transmitting to the another side terminal  10   d,  due to existence of the roughly treated surface  10   a.    
     A lot of photocatalyst particles  20   b  included in the photocatalyst layer  20  are activated by radiation of the light rays L 2  leaking out from the surface  10   a  of the member  10 , so that the object “OB”(shown in FIG.  1  and FIG. 2) contacted or stacked is subjected to be oxidized and/or reduced (cleaned up or reacted) by photocatalyst action of the activated photocatalyst particles  20   b.    
     As photocatalyst  20   b,  TiO2 can be applied for various fields, since it has an excellent photocatalizing function, long persistency(durability and life) and safety (harmless in case of adding to foods and toiletry goods). 
     Various embodiments of the invention will be described below. For simplifying explanation of other embodiments, the descriptions already explained will be omitted as much as possible. 
     FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic perspective view explaining another embodiment of the invention. 
     In this embodiment, an optical fiber cable  400  including a plurality of UV transmitting optical fibers are used differently from the first embodiment already explained, in which the optical fibers are tightly bundled to each other in one terminal  400   a  in circular form, etc. and the optical fibers are arranged in another terminal  400   b  in linear form. 
     Similarly to the first embodiment, the photocatalyst device  100  is composed of the short wavelength rays transmitting member  10  (UV transmitting panel) and the photocatalyst layer  20 . The object “OB” to be cleaned-up or purified is in contact with, in close to, or is deposited on the photocatalyst layer  20 . 
     As shown in FIG. 7, the short wavelength light source  200  of “U” shape, etc. is located in an appropriate place distant from the photocatalyst device  100 . The optical fiber cable  400  is installed between the light source  200  and one side terminal  10   c  of the UV transmitting panel  10 . 
     The optical fiber cable  400  receives UV light rays emitting from the UV light source  200  at the terminal  400   a  of the optical fiber cable  400  transmits the UV light rays to the other terminal  400   b  of the optical fiber cable  400 . Since the other terminal  400   b  is positioned adjacent one side terminal  10   c  of the photocatalyst device  100 , the UV light rays transmitted to the other side terminal  400   b  are introduced into the UV transmitting panel  10  of the photocatalyst device  100 . 
     This embodiment has such advantage that the UV light source  200  can be installed at any place distant from the photocatalyst device  100 . Therefore, for example, the entire photocatalyst device  100  may be placed inside any enclosure such as a case, a container, a receptacle, a tank, or etc. filled with a gaseous or a liquid object to be cleaned or reacted, while the light source  200  may be placed in any place distant from the photocatalyst device  100 , by means of the optical fiber cable  400 . 
     The UV transmitting optical fiber/fibers or cable/cables  400  capable of transmitting the light rays in ultra violet region are available from famous cable manufacturers, such as Mitsubishi Cable Industries Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. 
     FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining still another embodiment of the invention. 
     In this embodiment, the photocatalyst device  100  is composed of the UV transmitting panel  10  and a pair of photocatalyst layers  20  (with a binder  20   a  and photocatalyst particles  20   b ) in the front and rear surfaces  10   a  and  10   b  (while the UV transmitting panel  10  as shown in FIG.  1 . has single photocatalyst layer  20  in the front surface  10   a .) 
     This embodiment has the advantage that the object “OB” such as liquid, gas or particles can be fluidly contacted with both of photocatalyst layers  20  of the photocatalyst device  100 , so as to be subject to be cleaned up or oxidized and/or reduced effectively from both sides. 
     FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining other embodiment of the invention. 
     A photocatalyst device  120  is composed of a UV transmitting member  122  (with a front surface  122   a,  a rear surface  122   b,  a side terminal  122   c,  and another side terminal  122   d  etc.) and a photocatalyst layer  124  formed on the front surface  122   a.    
     In this embodiment, the photocatalyst device  120  and the UV transmitting member  122  are formed as a tapered panel, while the photocatalyst devices  100  and UV transmitting panels  10  in before mentioned embodiments have substantially uniform thickness. 
     As the UV transmitting member  122  is of the tapered panel which thickness is gradually decreased from the side terminal  122   c  toward the side terminal  122   d  in this embodiment, UV light rays can be gradually leaked out to the photocatalyst layer  124  from the front surface  122   a  of the UV transmitting member  122 , all the photocatalyst layer  124  can be radiated from rear side by the UV light rays, uniformly in any area of the surface  122   a.    
     The metal reflected coating is preferably provided on the rear surface  122   b  for the UV light rays not to leak out. 
     FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining further embodiment of the invention. 
     In FIG. 10, a photocatalyst device  130  is composed of a UV transmitting top member  134  formed as concave (or convex) shape as shown in the drawing with a photocatalyst layer  131  formed on a front surface  134   a,  a UV transmitting or reflecting bottom panel  132  (with a front surface  132   a  and a rear surface  132   b ) and an air space  136  in which UV light rays are introduced from a side terminal  134   c,  are transmitted to another side terminal  134   d  and are leaked out to the photocatalyst layer  131 . 
     The top member with concave shape  134  and the bottom panel  132  are bonded together between facing portion  138 . 
     FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining still further embodiment of the invention. 
     In FIG. 11, a photocatalyst device  140  is composed of a UV transmitting member  142  formed as a substantially uniform thickness panel(UV transmitting panel) with multiple rough light diffusing rear surface  142   b   1  (formed with roughly treated area) and multiple smooth rear surface  142   b   2  alternately, UV transmitting layer  144  coated on the read surfaces  142   b   1  and  142   b   2 , a photocatalyst layer  141   a  supported on a front surface  142   a  of the UV transmitting panel  142  and another photocatalyst layer  141   b  supported on the UV transmitting layer  144 . 
     UV light rays are introduced from a side terminal  142   c  to inside of the UV transmitting panel  142 , they are transmitted repeating multiple reflection toward another terminal  142   d  according to similar principle to optical fiber, at the same time they are leaking gradually to the photocatalyst layers  141   a  and  141   b.  As shown in FIG. 11, a distribution density of the multiple rough surfaces  142   b   1  is increased gradually from one side terminal  142   c  toward another side terminal  142   d,  therefore, both photocatalyst layers  141   a  &amp;  141   b  can be radiated almost uniformly at any place on the surface by the UV light rays. 
     FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining still more embodiment of the invention. 
     In FIG. 12, a photocatalyst device  160  is composed of a UV transmitting top panel  164  with substantially uniform thickness, a photocatalyst layer  161  supported on a front surface  164   a,  a bottom panel  166 , multiple UV transmitting optical fibers  162  of varying lengths are positioned in a space  167  between both panels  164  and  166  and two spacers  168  to keep and fix both panels  164  and  166  at a uniform gap and the optical fibers  162  at terminals  162   c.    
     One group of terminals  162   c  (fixed terminals) of the multiple optical fibers  162  end at a same position, while another group of terminals  162   d  (free terminals) of the multiple optical fibers  162  end at different positions. The space  167  may be filled with UV transparent liquid or resin. 
     UV light rays incident to the fixed terminals  162   c  of the multiple optical fibers  162  are transmitted to the free terminals  162   d  and radiate the photocatalyst layer  161  via the top panel  161  to activate it. The bottom panel  166  may have an UV reflecting layer on a surface(not shown in FIG. 12) to effectively reflect the UV light rays upward. 
     FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining further more embodiment of the invention. 
     In FIG. 13, a photocatalyst device  170  is composed of multiple UV transmitting optical fibers  172  of varying lengths, UV transmitting plastic molding body  174  (or resin compound) and a photocatalyst layer  171  on a front surface  174   a  of the molding body  174 . The optical fibers  172  are embedded in the resin compound  174  such as UV transmitting acrylic resin and silicon resin. 
     Fixed terminals  172   c  of the multiple optical fibers  172  end at the same position, while free terminals  172   d  of the multiple optical fibers  172  end at different positions. UV light rays incident to the fixed terminals  172   c  of the multiple optical fibers  172  are transmitted to the free terminals  172   d  and radiate the photocatalyst layer  171  via the UV transmitting plastic molding body  174  to activate the photocatalyst layer  171 . The molding body  174  may have UV reflecting layer(not shown in FIG. 13) on a rear surface  174   b  to effectively reflect the UV light rays upward. 
     FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining still further another embodiment of the invention. 
     In FIG. 14, a photocatalyst device  180  is composed of multiple UV transmitting optical fibers  182  with different length like branches of a tree, UV transmitting plastic molding body  184  (or resin compound), and a pair of photocatalyst layers  181  on front and rear surfaces of the molding body  184 . The optical fibers  182  are embedded in the resin compound  184  such as UV transmitting acrylic resin and silicon resin. 
     Fixed terminals  182   c  of the multiple optical fibers  182  end so as the contact closely each other at a small spot, while free terminals  182   d  of the multiple optical fibers  182  end radially at different positions like tree branches. 
     UV light rays incident to the fixed terminals  182   c  of the multiple optical fibers  182  are transmitted to the free terminals  182   d  and radiate both photocatalyst layers  181  via the UV transmitting plastic molding body  184  to activate the photocatalyst layers  181 . 
     FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view explaining still further another embodiment of the invention. 
     In FIG. 15, a photocatalyst device  190  is composed of a UV transmitting panel  191 , a phosphor layer  192  supported on a front surface  191   a  of the panel  191  and a photocatalyst layer  193  supported on a rear surface  191   b  of the panel  191 . 
     The phosphor layer  192  may be further composed of multiple phosphor particles and UV transparent binders which may be made of UV transparent organic resin or inorganic glass frits or powders. 
     The phosphor layer  192  includes the phosphor materials capable of emitting visible light when activating by invisible UV rays, such as Cd halo-phosphate for emitting white color, Mg tungstate for emitting blue colors, Zn silicate for emitting green color and Ca silicate for emitting orange color. 
     Therefore, UV rays incident from a side terminal  191   c  are transmitted to another side terminal  191   d  and also leaked to activate the phosphor layer  192  from the front surface  191   a  and also the photocatalyst layer  193  from the rear surface  191   b.    
     The phosphor layer  192  radiated by the invisible UV rays from the front surface  191   a  is subject to be activated and emits visible color light to inform users that the UV light source (See numeral  200  in FIG.  1  and FIG. 7) is on, like a visible indicator. 
     In various above mentioned embodiments of the invention, the short wavelength light rays L 1  are introduced from the side terminal of the photocatalyst device(or the short wavelength light rays transmitting member), the short wavelength light rays L 1  may be alternatively introduced from a terminal portion of front surface and/or rear surface in the photocatalyst device(the short wavelength light rays transmitting member) using an optical means such as prism/prisms. 
     It is to be understood that the forgoing description is preferred embodiments of the invention and that various changes, modifications, or equivalents may be made in the invention without departing from the spirit and the scope of the present invention and the appended claims.