Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for resizing windows and an apparatus for resizing windows. The method, in one embodiment, involves selecting a seam bordering a window, building a list of windows, and resizing more than one window in response to a single seam movement by a user. The apparatus, in one embodiment, is a computer readable medium comprising a computer program for resizing windows.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention concerns the field of graphical user interfaces for computer systems. Specifically, the invention is directed towards methods and apparatus for resizing windows. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Oftentimes, when working in a single computer application, or among several, it is desirable to resize more than one user interface window at the same time. This is especially true for computer applications that use multiple different windows to present information to the user. For example, professional video editing applications such as Apple Computer&#39;s Final Cut Pro provides an editor to integrate video and audio clips, as well as add in special effects to a presentation, each of which is represented by a different window of the graphical user interface. The presence of several different windows that must be coordinated with one another makes individual movement and resizing of the windows time consuming and tedious. Therefore, there is a need for a method that allows the simultaneous movement and/or resizing of several windows. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The present invention provides a method for resizing windows. In some embodiments of the invention, a method for resizing windows is provided, where the method involves the following steps: selecting a seam bordering at least one window; building a list of at least three windows, where the list contains the window bordering the selected seam; and, resizing at least three windows on the list in response to movement of the seam by a user. 
         [0004]    In other embodiments of the invention, a method for resizing windows is provided, where the method involves the following steps: selecting a seam bordering at least one window; building a list of windows, where the list contains the window bordering the selected seam; and, resizing at least one window on the list in response to movement of the seam by a user, where the window contains a display, and where the aspect ratio of the display is maintained after resizing. 
         [0005]    In other embodiments of the invention, a method for resizing windows is provided, where the method involves the following steps: selecting a seam bordering at least one window; building a list of at least two windows, where the list contains the window bordering the selected seam; and, resizing at least a first and second window on the list in response to movement of the seam by a user, wherein the first window has a predefined relationship with the second window, and where the predefined relationship provides that the resizing of the second window is proportional to the resizing of the first window. 
         [0006]    In other embodiments of the invention, a method for resizing windows is provided, where the method involves the following steps: selecting a seam bordering at least one window; building a list of at least two windows, where the list contains the window bordering the selected seam; and, resizing at least one window on the list while moving a non-resizable window on the list in response to movement of the seam by a user. 
         [0007]    The present invention also provides an apparatus for resizing windows. In some embodiments of the invention, the apparatus is a computer readable medium comprising a computer program for resizing windows. The computer program comprises sets of instructions for: selecting a seam bordering at least one window; building a list of at least three windows, where the list contains the window bordering the selected seam; and, resizing at least three windows on the list in response to movement of the seam by a user. 
         [0008]    In other embodiments of the invention, the computer program of the computer readable medium comprises sets of instructions for: selecting a seam bordering at least one window; building a list of windows, where the list contains the window bordering the selected seam; and, resizing at least one window on the list in response to movement of the seam by a user, where the window contains a display, and where the aspect ratio of the display is maintained after resizing. 
         [0009]    In other embodiments of the invention, the computer program of the computer readable medium comprises sets of instructions for: selecting a seam bordering at least one window; building a list of at least two windows, where the list contains the window bordering the selected seam; and, resizing at least a first and second window on the list in response to movement of the seam by a user, wherein the first window has a predefined relationship with the second window, and where the predefined relationship provides that the resizing of the second window is proportional to the resizing of the first window. 
         [0010]    In other embodiments of the invention, the computer program of the computer readable medium comprises sets of instructions for: selecting a seam bordering at least one window; building a list of at least two windows, where the list contains the window bordering the selected seam; and, resizing at least one window on the list while moving a non-resizable window on the list in response to movement of the seam by a user. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]      FIG. 1A  illustrates one embodiment of the invention involving a graphical user interface containing six different windows.  FIG. 1B  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 1A , where more than one window has been resized as the result of a single cursor movement. It further illustrates a rule whereby a display in a resized window maintains a predefined aspect ratio.  FIG. 1C  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 1A , where the size ratio of two windows is maintained during a resizing operation due to a predefined relationship, even though only a seam bordering one of the windows was moved. 
           [0012]      FIG. 2A  illustrates one embodiment of the invention involving a graphical user interface containing six different windows.  FIG. 2B  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 2A , where non-resizable windows (i.e., palettes) are moved but not resized. 
           [0013]      FIG. 3A  illustrates one embodiment of the invention involving a graphical user interface containing seven different windows.  FIG. 3B  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 3A , where a predefined size relationship between two windows is redefined. It further illustrates that there is a preset minimum size for windows. 
           [0014]      FIG. 4A  illustrates one embodiment of the invention involving a graphical user interface of Final Cut Pro containing seven different windows.  FIG. 4B  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 4A , where one resizable window is proportionally resized when a second resizable window is resized. The coordinated resizing of the windows is due to a preset relationship between them. 
           [0015]      FIG. 5A  illustrates one embodiment of the invention involving a graphical user interface containing seven different windows.  FIG. 5B  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 5A , where a preset size relationship between two windows is altered and the minimum size of a window is reached upon movement of a seam. 
           [0016]      FIG. 6A  illustrates one embodiment of the invention involving a graphical user interface containing seven different windows.  FIG. 6B  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 6A , where the movement of a non-resizable window (i.e., palette) results in the resizing of an adjacent resizable window.  FIG. 6C  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 6B , where the movement of a non-resizable window first results in the movement of a second adjacent non-resizable window, which then results in the resizing of a resizable window adjacent to the second non-resizable window. 
           [0017]      FIG. 7A  illustrates a single window in an embodiment of the invention. The window contains a display portion with a 4:3 aspect ratio.  FIG. 7B  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 7A , where the window has been resized but the aspect ratio of the display was maintained. 
           [0018]      FIG. 8A  illustrates one embodiment of the invention involving a graphical user interface containing seven different windows.  FIG. 8B  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 8A , where a seam is selected by placing and activating a cursor over the top of two intersecting seams and subsequently moved. 
           [0019]      FIG. 9  illustrates a one pixel overlap between two windows. 
           [0020]      FIG. 10A  illustrates one embodiment of the invention involving a graphical user interface containing seven different windows.  FIG. 10B  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 10A , where the movement of a seam away from a bordering window provides an opening exposing the screen underneath the windows.  FIG. 10C  illustrates a modification of  FIG. 1013 , where the windows moved in  FIG. 10B  are resized. 
           [0021]      FIG. 11A  illustrates a process whereby windows are dynamically resized in one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0022]      FIG. 11B  illustrates a process whereby a list of windows is built in one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 11C  illustrates a process whereby non-resizable windows are examined in one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0024]      FIG. 11D  illustrates a process whereby windows are modified based on cursor movement in one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0025]      FIG. 12  illustrates a computer system with which one embodiment of the invention is implemented. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0026]    In the following description, numerous details are set forth for purpose of explanation. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the invention may be practiced without the use of these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail. The present invention will be described with reference to a video editing program, however, the graphical user interface teachings of the present invention may be used in any application. 
         [0027]    The invention provides a method for dynamically resizing computer windows. In this case, “dynamically resizing” refers to the resizing of more than one window through a single action, such as the activation and dragging of a cursor. This is in contrast to typical window resizing events, where a single action simply alters the size of a single window. 
         [0028]    An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in reference to the Figures, which depict screens and window manipulations within FINAL CUT PRO, a professional nonlinear video editor.  FIG. 1A  illustrates a graphical user interface (“GUI”)  100  consisting of six different user interface windows: Browser window  101  which possesses sides  107 ,  108 ,  109 , and  110 ; Viewer window  102  which possesses sides  111 ,  112 ,  113 , and  114 ; Canvas window  103  which contains sides  115 ,  116 ,  117 , and  118 ; the Timeline window  104  which possesses sides  119 ,  120 ,  121 , and  122 ; Palette  105  which possesses sides  123 ,  124 ,  125  and  126 ; and, Palette  106  which possesses sides  127 ,  128 ,  129 , and  130 . 
         [0029]    Seams exist where any sides of two different windows come into contact with one another. For instance, the following seams are shown as dark lines between windows: the dark line between side  109  and side  111  is seam  131 ; the dark line between side  113  and side  115  is seam  132 ; the dark line between  110  and  120  is seam  133 ; the dark line between side  114  and side  120  is scam  134 ; the dark line between side  118  and side  120  is seam  135 ; the dark line between side  118  and side  124  is seam  136 ; the dark line between side  118  and side  128  is seam  137 ; the dark line between side  121  and side  123  is seam  138 ; and, the dark line between side  125  and side  127  is seam  139 . 
         [0030]    The sizes of the various windows may be adjusted by using a cursor controlled by a cursor control device such as a computer mouse. In  FIG. 1A , a cursor  140  is position over seam  134  located between viewer window  102  and timeline window  104 . 
         [0031]      FIG. 1B  is a modification of  FIG. 1A , where cursor  140  has been activated by a mouse click to select seam  134  and subsequently dragged upward. Seam  134  is moved upward, as are contiguous seams  133 ,  135 ,  136 , and  137 . In this particular embodiment of the invention, where a selected seam is contiguous with another seam or seams, movement of the selected seam effects equivalent movement in the contiguous seam(s). 
         [0032]    Certain window data and windows are treated in a special manner. Specifically, a rule may specify if the aspect ratio of data within a window must be kept consistent. For example, there is a rule that maintains the aspect ratio—4:3 aspect ratio in this case—of the data displays within Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103  despite resizing. Other windows, such as Palettes  105  and  106 , cannot be changed in size. Based on the movement of scams  136  and  137 , Palettes  105  and  106  were moved upward, but not vertically expanded. This is due to a rule that defines palettes as non-resizable windows. In other words, the shape and size of palettes is maintained even though an adjacent seam is selected and dragged. 
         [0033]    The size ratios of different windows may be locked such that any resizing of one window will affect the other window. For example, referring back to  FIG. 1A , Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103  may be locked to each other. Thus, if cursor  140  was first placed on seam  131 , then activated by a mouse click, and finally dragged to the right, the final output will appear as illustrated in  FIG. 1C . Specifically, both seam  131  and seam  132  were moved in the process, which was due to the predefined window relationship between Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103 . The window relationship ensures that the size ratio of Viewer window  102  to Canvas window  103  is maintained. Resizing Viewer window  102  accordingly resulted in the equivalent resizing of Canvas  103 . 
         [0034]      FIG. 2A  illustrates another embodiment of a graphical user interface consisting of the same six windows as described in  FIG. 1A . The primary difference is that Browser window  101  has been moved downward into the bottom row of windows, and Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103  have been expanded to fill the top row of windows. For the purposes of describing this figure, elements are numbered the same as for  FIG. 1A , except that the dark line between Browser window side  108  and Viewer window side  114  is seam  141 , and the dark line between Browser window side  109  and Timeline window side  119  is seam  142 . Cursor  140  is over seam  142 . 
         [0035]    Nonresizeable windows cannot be placed into locked aspect ratio relationships. For example,  FIG. 2B  is a modification of  FIG. 2A , where cursor  140  has been placed on seam  142 , activated by a mouse click, and subsequently dragged to the left. The dragging motion resulted in the leftward movement of seam  142 , thereby expanding the width of Timeline window  104  and contracting the width of Browser  101 . However, Palettes  105  and  106  neither moved nor changed shape. Furthermore, neither the width nor height of either Viewer window  102  or Canvas window  103  was affected by the movement of seam  142  since seam  142  is not shared with either of those windows. 
         [0036]      FIG. 3A  illustrates a graphical user interface consisting of 7 different windows. Six of the windows are the same as for  FIG. 2A . Tool Bench window  143  has been added to the upper row of windows. Tool Bench window  143  has sides  144 ,  145 ,  146 , and  147 . The dark line between Tool Bench side  144  and Canvas side  117  is seam  148 ; the dark line between Tool Bench side  147  and Palette side  124  is seam  149 ; and, the dark line between Tool Bench side  147  and Palette side  128  is seam  150 . Cursor  140  is over top of seam  132 . 
         [0037]    Locked size ratio relationships may be modified by adjusting a common seam between two windows with a locked size ratio relationship. As previously set forth, there may be a lock size ratio relationship between Viewer window  102  and window Canvas  103 . To adjust the locked size ratio relationship, common seam  132  between Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103 .  FIG. 3B  is a modification of  FIG. 3A , where cursor  140  has been placed on seam  132 , activated by a mouse click, and subsequently dragged to the left. The dragging motion resulted in the leftward movement of seam  132  to adjust the size ratio relationship between Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103 , thereby defining a new size ratio relationship. Note that although the size relationship of the two windows was altered, the 4:3 aspect ratio of the display screen data within the windows was maintained. 
         [0038]      FIG. 3B  also illustrates there is a minimum size for the various windows. After cursor  140  was activated, it was dragged as far left as possible. However, Viewer window  102  only resized with respect to width by only a limited amount. In other words, once Viewer window  102  reached a predefined minimal size, it ceased to resize. 
         [0039]    The new size ratio will remain locked.  FIG. 4A  illustrates a graphical user interface consisting of the same seven windows as in  FIG. 3A  wherein Cursor  140  is located over top of seam  148 .  FIG. 4B  is a modification of  FIG. 4A , where cursor  140  has been activated by a mouse click and subsequently dragged to the right. The dragging motion resulted in the rightward movements of both seam  148  and seam  132  (due to the locked size ratio relationship). The adjustment results in a corresponding proportional increase in the widths of Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103 . The proportional increase was, as mentioned above, due to the predetermined size ratio relationship between Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103 , as modified in  FIG. 3B . 
         [0040]    A locked size ratio is usually maintained only until a size limit is reached as show in  FIGS. 5A and 5B .  FIG. 5A  illustrates a graphical user interface consisting of the same seven windows as in  FIG. 4A .  FIG. 5B  is a modification of  FIG. 5A , where cursor  140  has been placed over seam  148 , activated by a mouse click, and subsequently dragged to the left. The dragging motion resulted in the leftward movements of both seam  148  and seam  132  until window  102  reaches its minimum size. After that point, the preset size relationship between Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103  is not maintained. Seam  148  was dragged as far left as possible, which led to the maximal decrease in width for both Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103 . Once the maximal decrease (i.e., minimum window size) was achieved for Viewer window  102 , dragging continued until the minimum window size for Canvas window  103  was achieved. 
         [0041]    Non resizable windows will adjust the size of resizable windows that are encountered upon moving the non resizable window.  FIG. 6A  illustrates a graphical user interface consisting of the same seven windows as in Figure SA. Cursor  140  is over top of seam  152 , which is formed at the boundary of Palette side  125  and the edge of the screen  151 . 
         [0042]      FIG. 6B  is a modification of  FIG. 6A , where cursor  140  has been activated by a mouse click and subsequently dragged to the left a little more than one palette width. As previously set forth, in this embodiment of the invention, palettes are defined as non-resizable windows. Thus, when the user moves the non resizable palette, the first seam that is encountered that borders a resizable window, and that runs parallel to the seam being dragged, will also be moved. Thus, the leftward movement of seam  152  resulted in the leftward movement of seam  138  formed with the timeline window. After movement of seam  152 , Palette  106  was moved upward and adjacent to the right hand side of Palette  105 . 
         [0043]      FIG. 6C  is a modification of  FIG. 6B , where cursor  140  was placed over top of Palette side  129  (which functions as seam  153  in this case), was activated by a mouse click, and was subsequently dragged to the left. The dragging motion resulted in the leftward movement of seams  153 ,  139 , and  138 . As for  FIG. 6B , the rule regarding movement of a palette provides for the movement of the three scams (i.e., movement of Palettes  105  and  106  and resizing of Timeline  104 ). When seam  153  is moved, this embodiment of the invention searches for the first resizable window in the direction of drag. The first seam to the left of  153  is  139 , which borders a non-resizable window (Palette  105 ). Palette  105  is accordingly moved, and the invention proceeds to find the first seam bordering a resizable window—seam  138 . 
         [0044]      FIG. 7A  illustrates a single window, Canvas  103 , which contains display portion  154 . Canvas  103  is at its minimum height. Display portion  154  does not horizontally fill a substantial portion of Canvas  103 , because a 4:3 aspect ratio for the display must be maintained. 
         [0045]      FIG. 7B  illustrates the same window as  FIG. 7A , Canvas  103 , where it has been resized such that it is at its minimum width but not minimum height. Video clip  154 , in this case, does not vertically fill a substantial portion of Canvas  103 , again because its aspect ratio must be maintained. 
         [0046]      FIG. 8A  illustrates a graphical user interface consisting of the same seven windows as in  FIG. 6A . Cursor  140  is over the intersection of seams  132 , 133 ,  134  and  142 . 
         [0047]      FIG. 8B  is a modification of  FIG. 8A , where cursor  140  has been activated by a mouse click and subsequently dragged to the right. The dragging motion resulted in the rightward movement of seam  142 . In this case, an upward or downward dragging motion would not have resulted in the movement of scam  133 . This invention embodiment contains a rule where the activation and movement of a cursor at the intersection of two seams can cause resizing of a window or windows in the horizontal but not vertical direction. 
         [0048]      FIG. 9  illustrates a one pixel overlap between Viewer window  102  and Browser window  101 , where Browser window  101  is lying over a portion of Viewer window  102 . Seams  132  and  142  are considered vertically continuous. Accordingly, if a user selects and moves seam  132 , seam  142  will also be moved. 
         [0049]      FIG. 10A  illustrates a graphical user interface consisting of the same seven windows as in  FIG. 8A . Cursor  140  has been positioned over seam  132 . 
         [0050]      FIG. 10B  is a modification of  FIG. 10A , where cursor  140  has been activated by a mouse click and subsequently dragged to the left. The dragging motion resulted in the leftward movement of seam  132 . The movement left a vertical opening  155  between Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103 , as well as Browser window  101  and Timeline window  104 . The vertical opening  155  exposes the screen underneath the windows. 
         [0051]      FIG. 10C  is a modification of  FIG. 10B , where cursor  140  has been placed on top of seam  141 , activated by a mouse click and subsequently dragged downward. The dragging motion resulted in the downward movement of seam  141 , which resulted in the vertical expansion of Viewer window  102  and vertical contraction of Browser window  101 . No other windows were resized in the process. 
         [0052]      FIG. 11A  illustrates one possible embodiment of a process that dynamically resizes windows. The process  156  initially detects (at step  157 ) whether a cursor is over a particular seam. Once such a cursor is detected, a timer is started at step  158 . At preset intervals (e.g., one tenth of a second), the cursor is examined at step  159  to see whether it is still over the original seam. The cursor is not altered if it is not. If it is, then a determination is made at step  160  as to whether the cursor has been over the seam long enough (e.g., half a second) to indicate an intention to select the seam. At step  161 , the cursor display is changed to show that the seam can be selected upon cursor activation. 
         [0053]    Once the cursor is activated (e.g., depression of mouse button) at step  162 , a list of windows associated with the seam is built at step  165 . The windows are subsequently modified (e.g., resized) based on cursor movement at step  166 . If the cursor is not activated, the cursor is examined at step  163  to determine whether it is still over the original seam. Where it is not, the cursor display is changed back at step  164  such that it no longer indicates an intention to select the seam. 
         [0054]      FIG. 11B  illustrates a process  167  by which the list of windows associated with the seam is built at step  165  in process  156  ( FIG. 11A ). After a seam has been activated by depressing the cursor at step  162 , windows on either side of the activated seam are added to the list at step  168 . Next, at step  169 , the system determines whether any additional seams are contiguous with the activated seam. If so, then the contiguous scam is selected at step  170 . The contiguous seam is examined at step  171  to determine if it is a vertical seam. Vertical, continuous seams are further analyzed with respect to their location. Specifically, at step  172 , the process examines if the boundary of the selected and activated seams is at an intersection of two different seams. Where it is, the window on either side of the continuous, vertical seam is added to the list at step  173 . Should the seam at step  171  be a horizontal rather than a vertical seam, then the window on either side of the seam is added directly to the list at step  173 . 
         [0055]    After step  173  of the process  167 , it is determined whether any other contiguous seams need to be examined at step  174 . If so, then steps  170  through  174  are repeated until all contiguous seams have been analyzed. After analyzing all the seams, then the non-resizable windows are analyzed at step  175 . The analysis of non-resizable windows which is further explained  177  in  FIG. 1C . Finally, at step  176 , any windows having a resizing relationship to a window on the list are added to the list. An example of windows having a resizing relationship is Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103  discussed above in reference to the figures. 
         [0056]      FIG. 11C  illustrates a process  177  by which non-resizable windows are examined in step  176  of process  167  ( FIG. 11B ). At step  178 , it is determined whether there are any resizable windows on the list. If there are, then at  179  one of the listed non-resizable windows is selected. At step  180 , a second edge of the non-resizable window is identified, where the second edge is parallel to a first edge of the non-resizable window that abuts an activated seam. Any window sharing such a second edge is first identified at step  181  and then added to the list at step  182 . Whether there are any non-resizable windows on the list that have not been examined is determined at step  183 . If there are, then steps  179  through  183  are repeated until all non-resizable windows have been examined. 
         [0057]      FIG. 11D  illustrates a process  184  by which windows are modified based on cursor movement in step  166  of process  156  ( FIG. 11A ). The operating system is directed to delay the screen refresh by one second at step  185 . This delay allows window movements that take less than one second to appear as though they occur simultaneously. At step  186 , the direction of window movement is identified, and whether any expanding windows have not been examined is determined at step  187 . If there are expanding windows that have not been examined, one is selected at step  188 . The selected window is examined as to whether it is resizable at step  189 . Resizable windows are resized at step  191  unless the minimum size limit for the subject window has been reached. Such a size limit is illustrated in reference to the Viewer window  102  and Canvas window  103  shown in  FIG. 5B . Furthermore, resizing at step  191  maintains any proportionality relationships predefined for displays contained in the window. Resized windows are stored in the frame buffer for display at step  192 . 
         [0058]    If at step  189 , it is found that the selected, expanding window is not resizable, it is simply moved at step  190  without resizing. It is then stored in the frame buffer for display at step  192 . Steps  187  through  192  are repeated until all expanding windows have been examined. 
         [0059]    Once all expanding windows have been examined, whether there are any contracting windows that have not been examined is determined at step  193 . If there are some that have not been examined, then at step  194  one is selected. If the selected window is resizable, as found at step  195 , then the window is resized at step  197  and put in the queue for display at step  198 . If the selected window is not resizable, it is moved without resizing. 
         [0060]      FIG. 12  presents a computer system with which one embodiment of the invention is implemented. Computer system  1200  includes a bus  1205 , a processor  1210 , a system memory  1215 , a read-only memory  1220 , a permanent storage device  1225 , input devices  1230 , and output devices  1235 . 
         [0061]    The bus  1205  collectively represents all system, peripheral, and chipset buses that communicatively connect the numerous internal devices of the computer system  1200 . For instance, the bus  1205  communicatively connects the processor  1210  with the read-only memory  1220 , the system memory  1215 , and the permanent storage device  1225 . 
         [0062]    From these various memory units, the processor  1210  retrieves instructions to execute and data to process in order to execute the processes of the invention. The read-only-memory (ROM)  1220  stores static data and instructions that are needed by the processor  1210  and other modules of the computer system. 
         [0063]    The permanent storage device  1225 , on the other hand, is a read-and-write memory device. This device is a non-volatile memory unit that stores instructions and data even when the computer system  1200  is off. Some embodiments of the invention use a mass-storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device  1225 . 
         [0064]    Other embodiments use a removable storage device (such as a floppy disk or ZIP® disk, and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device. Like the permanent storage device  1225 , the system memory  1215  is a read-and-write memory device. However, unlike storage device  1225 , the system memory is a volatile read-and-write memory, such a random access memory. The system memory stores some of the instructions and data that the processor needs at runtime. In some embodiments, the invention&#39;s processes are stored in the system memory  1213 , the permanent storage device  1225 , and/or the read-only memory  1220 . 
         [0065]    The bus  1205  also connects to the input and output devices  1230  and  1235 . The input devices enable the user to communicate information and select commands to the computer system. The input devices  1230  include alphanumeric keyboards and cursor-controllers. The output devices  1235  display images generated by the computer system. For instance, these devices display IC design layouts. The output devices include printers and display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) or liquid crystal displays (LCD). 
         [0066]    Finally, as shown in  FIG. 12 , bus  1205  also couples computer  1200  to a network  1265  through a network adapter (not shown). In this manner, the computer can be a part of a network of computers (such as a local area network (“LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), or an Intranet, or a network of networks, such as the internet. Any or all components of computer system  1200  may be used in conjunction with the invention. However, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that any other system configuration may also be used in conjunction with the present invention. 
         [0067]    While the invention has been described with reference to numerous specific details, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the invention. For instance, although the invention was discussed in terms of windows arising from a single application, it should be realized that windows from different applications can be dynamically resized. Also, even though the specific operating system used in the instant case was OS-10, other operating systems can readily be used. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the invention is not to be limited by the foregoing illustrative details, but rather is to be defined by the appended claims.