Abstract:
A wiskar for sharpening cutting teeth of a chain provided on a chain bar of a chain saw. A housing is removably attached to the chain bar and includes a recess to receive the wiskar therein. The wiskar includes a first member configured to be operationally engaged by the recess of the housing; and a second member configured to frictionally engage a bottom surface of the cutting teeth. The second member includes a body portion intermediate the opposing ends, wherein opposing ends of the second member each have at least one lobe defined therein. Abrasives are uniformly impregnated throughout the first and second member to sharpen the bottom surface of the cutting teeth. At least the second member is manufactured from a pliable material that erodes due to friction caused by the cutting teeth engaging the lobes of the second member.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     The application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/789,221 filed Apr. 5, 2006, entitled “Chain Saw Sharpener With Composite Wiskar”. The entire contents of this application are incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention relates generally to portable chain saw sharpening devices, in which the sharpener is adapted to be permanently attached to the chain saw housing or alternatively removably mounted to a bracket disposed on the chain saw. In particular, the present invention is directed to a bottom sharpening chain saw sharpener, in which the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth of a conventional bottom sharpened saw chain are conveniently sharpened without disturbing the top surfaces of the saw chain elements, including the depth gauge lifting member disposed forward of each cutting tooth. The saw chain is sharpened by running the chain under power through the sharpener so as to sharpen the cutting teeth of the saw chain quickly, preferably in a matter of twenty to thirty seconds, without removing the chain from the chain bar.  
         [0004]     The saw chain sharpener has a sharpener in which the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth of a conventional bottom sharpened saw chain are conveniently sharpened automatically by running the chain under power through the sharpener. As noted above, the sharpener may be adapted to be removably mounted to a bracket which is itself removably disposed on the chain saw or permanently affixed to the chain saw housing. The sharpener includes a composite wiskar disposed in a housing which is mounted on the chain bar. A top surface of the composite wiskar frictionally engages bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth of the chain as the chain is run under power  
         [0005]     2. Description of the Prior Art  
         [0006]     Maintaining the sharpness of a chain saw is particularly important for maintaining cutting efficiency and for preventing injuries which can result from snagging the chain as a result of dull cutting teeth. It is well known that a saw chain can become dull quite quickly when the chain saw is used for moderate to heavy jobs, and it is not uncommon for the chain in heavy use to require sharpening twice in one day. Therefore, a method and apparatus for sharpening a saw chain quickly and conveniently is important to minimize down time on any particular job. It is preferable that the saw chain can be sharpened without removing the chain from the saw, in order to reduce the time and trouble necessary to sharpen the chain. In addition, it is desirable for the sharpener to be attached to the chain saw housing or to be easily portable, so that the sharpener can be brought along to remote jobs where a chain saw is often used. It is also preferable that the cutting teeth of the saw chain are able to be sharpened all at one time, without having to pay individual attention to each of the cutting teeth on the saw chain. It is important for a chain sharpener to be able to bottom sharpen a conventional saw chain, wherein the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth are ground or honed, so as to avoid the use of top sharpening saw chains, which are rather uncommonly used in commercially available chain saws.  
         [0007]     Large industrial sized machines are available for sharpening saw chains, but these devices require removing the chain from the saw and leaving the chain for sharpening by an experienced professional for later pick-up. It is obvious that this method is time consuming and inconvenient, and requires the intensive chain saw user to keep a number of extra chains on hand so that in the field a sharp chain is readily available to replace a dull chain.  
         [0008]     A number of devices exist which aid the chain saw user in sharpening the saw chain while the chain remains on the saw. Such devices commonly employ a fixture, which must be clamped over the chain bar to aid in aligning a hand file to the proper pitch for sharpening each of the cutting teeth. U.S. Pat. No. 4,404,871, “Portable Chain Saw Sharpening Kit With Cutting Link Alignment Means and Method for Using Same” to Fritz et al. discloses a chain sharpener in which the cutting surfaces of each of the cutting teeth are individually sharpened using a hand powered rotary burr. The burr is inserted into one of two guide bores, depending upon whether a left or right bottom sharpened cutting tooth is to be sharpened, and the fixture is moved from tooth to tooth as each of the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth are sharpened. While this device has the advantage that it is simple in construction and is easily portable for use in the field, the device requires a large amount of time and effort to individually sharpen by hand each of 20 to 30 cutting teeth disposed on the chain.  
         [0009]     Accordingly, a number of “self-sharpening” chain saws have been developed in which a sharpener is built into the housing of the chain saw such that the chain is either automatically sharpened as the saw is used or the chain is sharpened whenever the user actuates a sharpening lever. However, all of these sharpeners are top sharpening devices in which a special chain having cutting teeth with sharpenable surfaces on a top surface must be used. In the typical self-sharpening device, an abrasive element is disposed in the housing of the chain saw adjacent to the drive sprocket, and the abrasive element is applied to top surfaces of the cutting teeth to grind a new edge as the chain is run under power around the chain bar. Typical devices of this type are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,526,156; 4,506,565, 3,301,098; 3,040,602; and 4,457,069.  
         [0010]     A typical self-sharpening device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.  3 , 526 , 156 , “Saw Chain Sharpener Means” by Condon et al., in which an arcuate sharpening stone is disposed in the housing of the chain saw adjacent to the drive sprocket, such that a button positioned on the top of the chain saw housing can be depressed to bring the grinding stone into contact with the top of the chain as the chain moves around the sprocket under power. Naturally, only the top surfaces of the cutting teeth can be sharpened by the sharpening stone, so that such devices are only useful when a top sharpening saw chain is employed on the chain saw. Thus, a saw chain of the type which is ordinarily used on most commercially available chain saws, in which bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth are ground to produce the cutting edge, cannot be used on this type of self-sharpening chain saw. Another problem arises with the self-sharpening chain saw because the grinding wheel soon becomes worn away, resulting in non-uniform sharpening of the saw chain teeth. When this occurs, both the saw chain and the sharpening element must be replaced.  
         [0011]     U.S. Pat. No. 3,435,860, “Top Sharpening Floating Sprocket Chain Saw” to Silvon, discloses an arcuately shaped sharpening member having a curvature approximately identical to the curvature of the drive sprocket. The curved sharpening member is disposed in the chain saw housing adjacent the sprocket, and the sharpening member is designed to be urged by an actuator or key to engage the saw chain. The sharpening member can be pressed by the operator against the top surfaces of the cutting teeth at the location of the chain sprocket so as to uniformly grind the top surfaces of the cutting teeth while the chain is powered around the chain bar. In so doing the sharpening member grinds not only the top surfaces of the cutting teeth but also grinds and reduces the height of the depth gauge members disposed just forward of each cutting tooth.  
         [0012]     Another type of top sharpening saw chain sharpener is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,597,178, “Saw Chain Sharpener” to Dolata et al., in which an arcuate grinding element is disposed in the front portion of an elongated chain guard casing which can be removably disposed over the chain bar. In this sharpener, the grinding element is disposed in the cavity at the front of the casing and a knob disposed behind the grinding element is used to press the element onto the top of the chain while the chain is powered around the chain bar. This sharpener is also a top sharpening device which sharpens the top surfaces of the cutting teeth and also reduces the length of the depth gauges, as does the Silvon device. Because this sharpener is not disposed in the chain saw housing, presumably the chain saw can be made lighter than those devices which incorporate the sharpening lifting member and the necessary supporting structure in the housing. However, as with all of the “self sharpening” devices described above, the Dolata et al. sharpener sharpens only the top surfaces of the cutting teeth, and the height of the depth gauge lifting member is reduced at every sharpening.  
         [0013]     A detailed disclosure of a top sharpening saw chain is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 3,269,431, “Chain Saw Sharpening Mechanism” to Ehlen, in which a chain saw having an abrasive element disposed in the vicinity of the drive sprocket is brought into contact with the top surfaces of a chain with cutting teeth specially designed to be sharpened from the top. In order to sharpen the cutting teeth so that trailing ends of the teeth are ground to a greater extent than the leading ends, the sprocket in Ehlen is arranged to have cams which cant the teeth as they move around the sprocket, so as to present the proper grinding angle to the sharpening lifting member.  
         [0014]     Applicant&#39;s own U.S. Pat. No. 6,161,453, “Saw Chain Sharpener for a Chain Saw” to Hensley, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, discloses a saw chain sharpener for a chain saw in which the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth of a bottom sharpened chain saw are automatically sharpened by running the chain through the sharpener. The sharpener can be removably mounted to a bracket that is removably positioned on the chain saw. The sharpener includes a tooth disposed in a housing mounted onto the chain bar, wherein a top surface of the tooth frictionally engages a bottom surface of the cutting teeth of the chain. The sharpening tooth is made of hardened steel and/or a ceramic material with a coating, such as titanium nitride to improve hardness.  
         [0015]     However, none of the devices discussed above, with the exception of Applicant&#39;s patented device, are capable of “automatically” sharpening the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth of the bottom sharpening saw chains which are most commonly used on chain saws commercially available to professionals and hobbyists. Devices previously known in the art in which the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth can be sharpened have been limited to manual devices in which each tooth is sharpened one at a time by hand while the chain remains on the bar, or automatically by industrial sized devices which sharpen the chain after removal from the chain bar. The difficult problem of sharpening the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth while the saw is running using either a portable removable sharpener or permanent attached sharpener has not been solved by devices previously known in the art.  
         [0016]     Moreover, none of the previously discussed devices includes a sharpening wiskar that is manufactured from a material that is suitable for grinding the cutting teeth of the chain which may include abrasives impregnated throughout. The previously known devices have to be removed and sharpened whenever the sharpeners are deemed to have dulled or otherwise have decreased sharpening capabilities. Further, the known devices may require additional safety measures like a shield or visor to operate, wherein the present invention does not require such additional safety precautions to operate safely and reliably.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0017]     In accordance with the present invention, a saw chain sharpener for a chain saw comprises a housing having a recess; a device for removably attaching the housing to the chain bar; a sharpening device disposed in the recess for sharpening the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth; and lifting device for lifting the cutting teeth to a sharpening position, at which position the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth engage the sharpening device, so that the cutting teeth are bottom sharpened when the chain saw is operated. The sharpening device comprises a shaft disposed in the recess; and a sharpening wiskar having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the sharpening wiskar is disposed on a bottom end of the shaft, and wherein the top surface of the sharpening wiskar is positioned to frictionally engage the bottom surface of the teeth to bottom sharpen the cutting teeth when the chain saw is operated. The sharpening wiskar is made from any material which is hard enough to grind or hone the cutting teeth of the chain, and may include a pliable and firm plastic, rubber or ceramic or metal material with abrasives impregnated in the material, and may have a coating to improve surface hardness.  
         [0018]     The lifting device comprises left and right lifting members movably disposed on left and right side walls of the housing, wherein the chain passes over the lifting members to cause the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth to frictionally engage the top surface of the sharpening tooth as the chain moves along the chain bar. The sharpener is placed on the chain bar by first moving the lifting members into an open position so as to allow the sharpener recess to receive the chain and chain bar, and the sharpener is then secured to the mounting bracket disposed on the bar. The operator then lifts the chain while closing the lifting members, so that the chain passes over top surfaces of the lifting members, and the cutting teeth of the chain are in a sharpening position, so that bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth can frictionally engage the top surface of the sharpening tooth. The operator then runs the chain saw for a period of from five seconds to one minute, during which time the operator may apply a sharpening compound to the sharpening tooth by means of a sharpening compound reservoir disposed on a top surface of the sharpener. However, application of the sharpening compound is not necessary to sharpen the cutting teeth, but merely improves the sharpening efficiency of the sharpener.  
         [0019]     The chain saw sharpener of the present invention provides a number of advantages over the prior art. The sharpener is designed to sharpen the teeth of a bottom sharpened saw chain, which is the type most commonly supplied and used with commercially available saws. Moreover, it is not necessary to remove the chain from the bar. The time required to sharpen the chain is between five seconds and one minute, and ordinarily the chain can be sharpened in a matter of typically twenty to thirty seconds by running the chain under power through the sharpener. The sharpener can then be conveniently and quickly removed from the saw. The chain saw can be electrically powered or powered by an internal combustion engine.  
         [0020]     The device for removably attaching the housing to the chain bar comprises a mounting bracket adapted to be mounted to the chain bar, and a device for removably attaching the housing to the mounting bracket. The mounting bracket comprises first and second side walls which define a channel for receiving the chain bar; and a clamping device disposed in at least one of the side walls of the mounting bracket for holding the mounting bracket firmly on the chain bar. Alternatively, the bracket may comprise an L-shaped lifting member adapted to be attached to one side of the chain bar.  
         [0021]     The saw chain sharpener may also include a device for delivering a sharpening compound to the sharpening tooth during sharpening, which is designed to improve the sharpening efficiency of the sharpener. However, it is not necessary to use a sharpening compound while sharpening for the sharpener to be effective. The sharpener may also be permanently affixed to the chain saw housing and placed in position by any suitable manner.  
         [0022]     Preferably, the sharpener housing may be disassembled to permit the replacement of the shaft and sharpening tooth disposed thereon.  
         [0023]     In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the invention comprises a saw chain sharpener for a chain saw having a saw chain disposed on a chain bar, wherein the saw chain has a plurality of cutting teeth having top and bottom surfaces, the bottom surface of the cutting teeth being closer to the chain bar than the top surfaces, the saw chain sharpener comprising a housing having left and right side walls defining a recess; a shaft having a top end and a bottom end, where the shaft is disposed inside the recess; a sharpening wiskar having a top and bottom surface, where the sharpening wiskar is disposed on the bottom end of the shaft; left and right lifting members movably disposed on the left and right side walls, where the lifting members are moveable to an open position before mounting the housing over the chain bar and moveable to a closed position after the housing is mounted over the saw chain; and a mounting bracket having a recess for receiving the chain bar, where the mounting bracket comprises a device for clamping the mounting bracket to the chain bar, and for removably attaching to the housing an end of the mounting bracket so as to substantially center the recess of the housing over the saw chain.  
         [0024]     As discussed above, the cutting teeth are lifted by the lifting members to a cutting position where the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth engage the top surface of the sharpening wiskar, so that the cutting teeth are bottom sharpened by running the chain saw. The sharpening wiskar is pliable, made of a light material which is impregnated with abrasive throughout. The material is light and pliable to run through the cutting teeth of the chain. The wiskar is made to fit different sizes of chains in order for the wiskar to fit snugly against the cutting teeth of the chain. The wiskar length is approximately one-half inch to one inch to allow sufficient contact with the cutting teeth as the cutting edges pass over the wiskar edges. The light, pliable material permits the wiskar to form and fit against the edges of the cutting teeth as the chain moves over the sharpener. The light and pliable material allows for it to be disposable. The impregnated abrasives throughout the wiskar allow the wiskar to sharpen at the same rate after reasonable wear and use.  
         [0025]     Preferably, the sharpening wiskar is oblong shaped with different sizes to fit inside the cutting teeth during sharpening in which the first region engages cutting teeth disposed on a first side of the saw chain and the second region engages cutting teeth disposed on a second side of the saw chain.  
         [0026]     A shock absorber device is preferably associated with the shaft which holds the wiskar for dissipating energy delivered to the wiskar during sharpening. The shock absorber device may comprise an elastic material disposed between the shaft and the housing. For example, the shaft may be embedded in a rubber ball which is itself clamped in a spherical recess formed between two halves of the assembled housing using machine screws. Alternatively, the shaft may be biased by a spring element disposed in the housing. Other methods may also be used for dissipating energy delivered to the wiskar which are well known to those skilled in the art.  
         [0027]     Preferably the housing can be easily disassembled into two halves to permit the replacement of the shaft and wiskar disposed therein. The housing may be made of steel, aluminum or other suitable materials including strong plastics such as polystyrene, ABS plastics or PLEXIGLAS.  
         [0028]     The left and right lifting members disposed on the sharpener housing which lift the chain into the sharpening position can each also include stabilizers for stabilizing the housing with respect to the bar chain. Alternatively, or in addition to the stabilizers disposed on the left and right lifting members, a device for stabilizing the housing with respect to the bar chain may be disposed directly on the housing in the form of clamping screws.  
         [0029]     The invention also comprises a method for bottom sharpening a saw chain disposed on a chain bar of a chain saw without removing the chain from the bar, wherein the saw chain has a plurality of cutting teeth having top and bottom surfaces, and wherein the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth are closest to the chain bar, comprising the steps of mounting a sharpener on the chain bar; lifting the chain to a sharpening position where the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth engage the sharpener; and sharpening the cutting teeth by operating the chain saw for a time sufficient to sharpen the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth.  
         [0030]     The step of mounting the sharpener comprises attaching a mounting bracket to the chain bar and removably attaching the sharpener to the mounting bracket, such that the housing is disposed over the bar chain. The step of lifting the saw chain comprises supporting the saw chain using left and right lifting members movably disposed on the housing. The bottom surfaces of the chain links pass over top surfaces of the lifting members during sharpening, so that the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth properly engage a wiskar.  
         [0031]     The method for sharpening a saw chain may also include applying a sharpening compound to the wiskar while sharpening the cutting teeth, although the sharpening compound, while in some instances preferred, is not necessary for the sharpener to be effective.  
         [0032]     The present invention also comprises a chain saw including a housing; a chain bar attached to the housing; a chain disposed on a periphery of the chain bar, where the chain comprises a plurality of cutting teeth each having a top and bottom surface, wherein the chain is movable around the periphery of the chain bar; and a sharpener for sharpening the bottom surfaces of the cutting teeth, where the bottom surfaces are sharpened by the sharpener while the chain is run around the chain bar. A motor disposed in the housing is used to move the chain around the chain bar. The motor may be electric or may be an engine powered by a combustible fuel, of the kind which are well know in the art. The sharpener is removably disposed on the chain bar, and comprises a shaft disposed in a recess of the housing; a sharpening tooth having a top surface and a bottom surface, where the wiskar is disposed on a bottom end of the shaft, and where the top surface of the wiskar is positioned by a lifting device to frictionally engage the bottom surface of the cutting teeth to bottom sharpen the cutting teeth when the chain saw is operated.  
         [0033]     The advantages of the invention include, but are not limited to, providing a method and apparatus for sharpening a bottom sharpening saw chain automatically, without having to individually hand sharpen each of the cutting teeth. Accordingly, the method of the present invention comprises running the chain saw under power so that the chain passes through a sharpener removably attached to the chain bar, wherein the chain is sharpened in a matter of seconds.  
         [0034]     Another advantage of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for sharpening a bottom sharpening saw chain without removing the chain from the chain bar.  
         [0035]     The chain sharpener of the present invention is light weight and portable, and can be quickly and conveniently attached to the chain bar for sharpening, and subsequently easily removed when the chain saw is used for cutting, by means of a mounting bracket which can be removably attached to the chain bar, which bracket comprises a device for quickly attaching the sharpener on the chain bar.  
         [0036]     The chain sharpener also comprises a device for applying a sharpening compound to the cutting teeth if desired, to improve the sharpening efficiency of the sharpener.  
         [0037]     In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a wiskar is provided for sharpening cutting teeth of the chain provided on the chain bar of the chain saw. A housing is removably attached to the chain bar and includes a recess to receive the wiskar. The wiskar includes a first member configured to be operationally engaged by the recess of the housing; a second member is configured to frictionally engage a bottom surface of the cutting teeth; and at least one type of abrasive is uniformly impregnated throughout the first and second members, wherein the abrasive sharpens the bottom surface of the cutting teeth. The first member engages the second member at a location intermediate opposing ends of the second member. It is within the scope of the present invention for the first member to extend orthogonally relative to the second member.  
         [0038]     Preferably, both the first and second members, but ideally at least the second member, are manufactured from a pliable material that erodes due to friction caused by the cutting teeth engaging the second member. The erosion of the pliable material exposes the abrasive to the cutting teeth, which are then sharpened by the abrasives.  
         [0039]     The second member includes a body portion intermediate the opposing ends, wherein opposing ends of the second member each have at least one lobe defined therein and each lobe has a thickness that is greater than a thickness of the body portion. Moreover, each lobe is configured to have a geometric shape selected from a group of circular, oval, elliptical, triangular, rectangular, square, trapezoidal, and conical.  
         [0040]     Preferably, a length of the first member is equal to or greater than a length of the second member, but it is also within the scope of the present invention for the length of the first member is equal to or less than the length of the second member. Also, it is within the scope of the invention for each lobe to extend an entire length of the second member.  
         [0041]     According to the present invention, a damper may be disposed between a free end of the first member and the chain saw, wherein the damper dissipates energy delivered to the wiskar during sharpening of the cutting teeth. The damper may include one of a rubber ball and a biasing member.  
         [0042]     The housing may include an adapter securely retained on the chain bar, wherein the adapter includes at least one adjustable retainer aperture configured to adjust a height of the wiskar relative to the chain bar. An adjustment block may be provided that that slip fits between the adapter and wiskar to further adjust the height of the wiskar and provide additional rigidity to the wiskar.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0043]     The invention will now be described with reference to the drawings wherein:  
         [0044]      FIG. 1  is a side view of a chain saw having a mounting bracket and a sharpening housing disposed on a chain bar;  
         [0045]      FIG. 2  is an enlarged view of the saw chain being lifted from the chain bar when the lifting member is in a closed position;  
         [0046]      FIG. 3  shows an embodiment of the sharpening housing attached to a first embodiment of the mounting bracket;  
         [0047]      FIG. 4  is an enlarged view of the mounting bracket shown in  FIG. 3 ;  
         [0048]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the sharpener housing showing one lifting member opened in first;  
         [0049]      FIG. 6  is a bottom view of the sharpener housing;  
         [0050]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the sharpener housing;  
         [0051]      FIG. 8  is a bottom view of the sharpener housing shown in  FIG. 7 ;  
         [0052]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a sharpening tooth;  
         [0053]     FIG. 10  is a side view of the sharpening tooth shown in  FIG. 9 ;  
         [0054]      FIG. 11  is a side view showing a sharpening tooth as the chain is run around the chain bar;  
         [0055]      FIG. 12  is a side view showing the sharpening tooth of  FIG. 11  when a front portion of the cutting tooth just arrives at the front portion of the sharpening tooth;  
         [0056]      FIG. 13  is a side view showing the sharpening tooth of  FIG. 12  at the instant in time when the cutting tooth is lifted by the lifting member to a sharpening position for frictional engagement of the bottom of the cutting teeth with a top surface of the sharpening tooth;  
         [0057]      FIG. 14  is a front view of a sharpening tooth in which a nose angle is shown to be angling downward from the horizontal;  
         [0058]      FIG. 15  is a top view of a second embodiment of a mounting bracket designed to be bolted to the chain bar for removably mounting the sharpening housing to the chain bar;  
         [0059]      FIG. 16  is a side view of the second embodiment of the mounting bracket;  
         [0060]      FIG. 17  is a side, partial cross-sectional view of a sharpening tooth disposed on the end of a shaft surrounded by an elastic material disposed in the sharpening housing;  
         [0061]      FIG. 18  is a side, partial cross-sectional view of a sharpening tooth disposed on the end of a shaft that is biased by a spring member disposed in the sharpening housing;  
         [0062]     FIGS.  19 A-C are an end view, a side view and a top view of a wiskar according to another embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0063]     FIGS.  20 A-C are a side view, a front view and a top view of an adapter used with the wiskar of FIGS.  19 A-C; and  
         [0064]     FIGS.  21 A-C are a side view, a front view and a top view of an adjustment block used with the wiskar of FIGS.  19 A-C and adapter of FIGS.  20 A- C.  
         [0065]     Throughout the drawings, like reference numerals will be understood to refer to like parts. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0066]     In  FIG. 1  the sharpener housing  2  of the present invention is shown mounted on the chain saw  4 . The chain saw  4  has a motor  1  which can be an electric motor or an internal combustion engine. A bracket  6  is removably clamped to the chain bar  8  and the sharpener housing is removably attached to the bracket  6  when the chain  9  is in need of sharpening. The bracket  6  may be permanently mounted to the chain bar  8  without interfering with the cutting operation of the saw. The sharpener housing  2  can be made of any convenient material, including metals such as steel, brass or preferably aluminum to minimize the weight of the housing, or strong plastics such as polystyrene or PLEXIGLAS.  
         [0067]     A detailed view of the bracket  6  and sharpener housing  2  is shown in FIGS.  3  and  FIGS. 4 . As can be seen in  FIG. 3 , the sharpener housing  2  is removably attached to the bracket  6  by virtue of a pin  10  which is inserted in the through hole  12  formed in the rear portion of the sharpener housing  2 . The pin  10  passes through holes  14  and  16  disposed in the U-shaped channel  18  of the bracket  6 . The pin  10  is provided with a short threaded section  20  which engages a corresponding threaded section in the top of through hole  12 . In this way, the sharpener housing  2  can be quickly and conveniently mounted to the chain saw whenever the chain requires sharpening, by matching the sharpener housing  2  to the bracket  6 , and inserting pin  10  in the through hole  12  and through holes  14  and  16 . The pin  10  can be turned a few turns to engage it with matching threads in the top of through hole  12  to prevent it from vibrating loose while the sharpener is used. A chain  22  attached between the sharpener housing  2  and the pin  10  prevents the pin from becoming lost when the sharpener is not in use. Clamping screws  24 ,  26 ,  28  and  30  are used to clamp the bracket  6  to the chain bar  8 , and these screws may be made to mate with corresponding holes or depressions (not shown) disposed in the chain bar.  
         [0068]     A sharpening tooth  3  is disposed in a cavity  40  of the sharpening housing  2 . As shown in  FIGS. 17 and 18 , the sharpening tooth  3  is disposed on a shaft  42 , and the shaft may be embedded in a shock absorbing material  44  as shown in  FIG. 17 , or biased by a spring  46  as shown in  FIG. 18 , to absorb and dissipate vibrational energy while sharpening. The shaft  42  is preferably attached to the housing  2  by means of a bolt or bolts (not shown) disposed through the top end of the shaft and through corresponding holes (not shown) in the housing in a manner well known to those skilled in the art. The sharpening tooth  3  is preferably made of steel or hardened steel, or any other convenient material of high strength, such as a ceramic, and the sharpening tooth  3  may have on at least the sharpening surface a nitride coating, such as titanium nitride, or other coating or coatings known in the art to improve the hardness of the tooth and prevent excessive wear during sharpening.  
         [0069]      FIG. 9  shows the bottom of the sharpening tooth  3  which has a groove through which the chip drags ( 53 ′ and  53 ″ in  FIG. 2  associated with the left and right cutting teeth  50 ′ and  50 ″) pass as the chain is sharpened.  
         [0070]      FIGS. 10 and 14  illustrate two preferred shapes for the sharpening tooth. In  FIG. 10  the nose  5  of the sharpening tooth  3  is shown to point upward at an angle Θ with respect to the bottom surface  7  of the tooth  3 , where Θ is preferably in a range of from about 10°to about 45°. In  FIG. 14  the nose  5  of the sharpening tooth  3  is shown to point downward at an angle α with respect to the upper surface  11  of the tooth, where α is preferably in a range of from about 10° to about 45°.  
         [0071]      FIGS. 5 and 6  show left and right lifting members  32  and  34  which are movably disposed on sidewalls  36  and  38  which define the cavity  40 . Before the sharpener housing  2  is mounted on the chain bar  8 , lifting members  32  and  34  are pulled outward as shown in  FIG. 5 , such that the chain bar  8  can be received by cavity  40  and the sharpener housing  2  can be locked to the bracket  6  as shown in  FIG. 1 . Stabilizing portions  37  and  39  of left and right lifting members  34  and  36 , respectively, stabilize the sharpening housing  2  against the chain bar  8  when the lifting members  34  and  36  are in closed positions, as the stabilizing portions  37  and  39  are flush against the left and right side surfaces  13  and  15 , respectively, of the chain bar  8  when the lifting members  34  and  36  are in a closed position.  
         [0072]     In  FIG. 2  the lifting member  34  is shown as it is moved into a closed position so as to lift the chain above the chain bar. Conventional bottom sharpening chain saw chains comprise left and right cutting teeth  50 ′ and  50 ″ (as viewed by the chain saw operator) alternatively disposed along the length of the chain, as shown in  FIG. 2 .  
         [0073]     After the sharpening body  2  is attached to the mounting bracket  6 , a slack portion of the chain  9  is pulled by the user into the cavity  40 . The lifting members  32  and  34  are then moved to a closed position, as represented by lifting member  34  in  FIG. 6 , such that top surfaces (not shown) of inward facing portions  33  and  35  of lifting members  32  and  34 , respectively, support bottom surfaces of links  51 ′ and  51 ″ of the chain  9  in the cavity  40 , and the chain passes over the top surfaces of the inward facing portions  33  and  35  as the chain is run during sharpening. The lifting members  32  and  34  and the sharpening tooth  3  are positioned with respect to one another so that bottom portions of the cutting teeth  50 ′ and  50 ″ of the chain  9  shown in  FIG. 13  frictionally engage the top surface  54  of the cutting tooth  3  as the chain is run under power around the chain bar.  
         [0074]     The sharpening process of the present invention is detailed in  FIGS. 11- 13 , which show only right cutting teeth  50 ″ for ease of illustration. In  FIG. 11 , one of the cutting teeth  50 ″ is shown traveling in the direction of the arrow as the chain is moved under power around the chain bar.  FIG. 12  shows one of the cutting teeth at a time when a forward portion of the cutting tooth is just about to reach the sharpening tooth  52 ″. Because the chain links  51 ′ and  51 ″ are caused to pass over top surfaces (not shown) of the inward facing portions  33  and  35  of the lifting members  32  and  34 , respectively, the cutting teeth  50 ″ are raised to a sharpening position at which the bottom portions  52 ″ of the cutting teeth  50 ″ frictionally engage the top portion  54  of the sharpening tooth  3  (as shown in  FIG. 13 ) to bottom sharpen the cutting teeth  50 ″. Only the inward facing portion  33  of lifting member  32  can be seen in  FIGS. 11-13 .  
         [0075]     In  FIG. 3 , a device for providing a sharpening compound to the cutting teeth during sharpening is shown in the form of a reservoir  23  containing an abrasive sharpening compound. The reservoir  23  is shown disposed in a top surface of the sharpening housing  2  such that the compound can be applied, through tube  27 , to an area adjacent the top surface of the sharpening tooth  3  during sharpening to improve sharpening efficiency. A cap  25 , threadably engaged on reservoir  23 , is used to force the sharpening compound through the tube by means of a spring (not shown) disposed inside the reservoir. The spring presses on the compound or on a piston (not shown) as the cap  25  is threaded onto the reservoir  23 . The sharpening compound may be silicon or diamond dust, carborundum, or any of the other numerous grinding and sharpening compounds which are well known to one skilled in the art. While the device for providing the sharpening compound improves the sharpening efficiency of the invention, it is not necessary to the invention and may be omitted to simplify construction and operation of the device.  
         [0076]     Another embodiment of the invention is shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8  in which the sharpening housing  2  is provided with left and right stabilizing screws  27  and  29 , respectively, disposed in descending front portions of the left and right side walls  36  and  38 . The stabilizing screws  27  and  29  are used in place of, or in addition to, the stabilizers  37  and  39  (shown in  FIG. 6 ) disposed on lifting members  32  and  34 , to keep the front portion of the sharpening body firmly lined up with the chain bar.  
         [0077]     An alternative mounting bracket  56  is shown in  FIG. 15  which is approximately L-shaped such that the bottom portion of the bracket can be mounted to the chain bar using bolts (not shown) disposed through holes  58  which match up with corresponding holes (not shown) bored in the chain bar. The top portion of the bracket comprises a U-shaped channel  18  identical to the channel described previously with respect to mounting bracket  6  and shown most clearly in  FIG. 4 .  FIG. 15  is a top view of this bracket in which the through hole  14  of the U-channel  18  is shown.  
         [0078]     Referring now to  FIGS. 19A-19C , an alternate embodiment of the sharpener according to the present invention is illustrated. As shown in  FIG. 19A , the sharpener includes a wiskar  103  having a substantially upside down T-shape. The wiskar  103  includes a first extension  104  joined to a second extension  105 . The first and second extensions  104  and  105  are orthogonally or substantially perpendicular relative to each other wherein the first extension  104  engages the second extension  105  at a location that is intermediate opposing ends  105   a  and  105   b  of the second extension  105 . Each end  105   a  and  105   b  of the second extension  105  includes a sharpening lobe  106  and  107 , respectively.  
         [0079]     Although the present invention has been described with reference to a number of preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the details thereof. A number of possible modifications and substitutions will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art, and all such modifications and substitutions are intended to fall with the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.