Abstract:
A gauge serving as a jig to adjust exposed length of endodontic files with respect to respective encircling resilient stops which prevent overpenetration into a root canal of a patient. The gauge has a body bearing four parallel, coplanar tracks for slidably receiving an equal number of slides. Each slide has a plurality of spaced apart steps enabling endodontic files to be adjusted to differing operating lengths, and a thumbscrew which secures the slide in place within its track. The thumbscrews are arranged to establish a two discrete levels of friction, the first enabling fine adjustment and the second locking the slide in place. A retaining barrier formed in the body has a plurality of openings for each track, thereby being able to receive and make multiple adjustments to several files when the latter are placed against any one slide. Measurement indicia are optionally borne near one or more tracks, for setting the slides to correspond to radiographic lengths of a patient&#39;s root canals. The retaining barrier projects above the upper surface of the slides, thereby enabling an endodontic ruler to be placed against the gauge to make the radiographic length setting. Slides are provided in two or more groups, each group differing in spacing characteristics of the steps.

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority benefit of Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/180,961, filed Feb. 8, 2000. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to geometric dental tools and more particularly to an instrument serving as a jig to adjust exposed lengths of endodontic tools such as files with respect to encircling stops placed along the length of a file to prevent over-penetration into a root canal of a patient. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     When the nerve of a tooth dies or other injury occurs to pulp tissue of a tooth, potentially necrotic and infected tissue must be removed. The canal containing pulp tissue is enlarged and sterilized, and then filled with an inert material. Removal of pulp tissue and enlargement of the canal are performed by drilling a hole through the top of the tooth, then reaming out the canal of each root of the tooth. Reaming of each canal is performed usually in several progressive steps each corresponding to file diameter or file length or both. Each step in file length typically requires a series of endodontic files of progressively greater diameter than the prior file used. For example, a single root canal procedure may require four files of varying diameter for the widest enlargement of a canal nearest the tooth crown, and progressively fewer sets of files as work approaches the apex or tip of the root. The progression culminates in a single file utilized at the apex of the root. 
     The procedure requires establishment of a fixed point of reference, called the datum point, on the tooth itself. Each canal to be treated requires a datum point that is within the diameter of the stop which encircles each file. The distance from the datum point to the tip end, or apex of the root, is established. This is referred to as the “radiographic tolength”. From this information, the dimensions of progressive file lengths are determined according to the particular surgical technique chosen by the clinical practitioner. Because of the number of files of differing diameter and lengths required, it is not uncommon for a treatment of a single root to include more than sixty file length settings. This number is simply repeated for each canal in a multi-root tooth. 
     The several sets of endodontic files for each succeeding increment of file length are prepared with great precision to correspond to the length of each section of each root canal. Lengths are determined by radiological images obtained by X-rays. Generally torroidal or disc-like resilient stops are placed over each endodontic file which will be utilized in the procedure. These stops limit maximal penetration of the file into the canal. Precision of placement of a stop on its associated file is of great importance in limiting the exposed portion of the files. The precision required and the large number of settings present a significant risk of error, and multiply time required to perform the procedure. Accordingly, the prior art has proposed gauges for enabling precise placement of a stop on its associated file. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,182,040 issued to Edmund C. Bechtold, Jr. on Jan. 8, 1980, is representative of cylindrical file length gauges. By contrast, the present invention avoids cylindrical configuration. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,028,810, issued to Bobby C. Vice on Jun. 14, 1977, shows a flat or planar file length gauge. The design of Vice lacks a plurality of slidably adjustable positioning members held in a plurality of tracks, as seen in the present invention. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,964,170, issued to Eduard Zdarsky on Jun. 22, 1976, describes a flat file gauge. However, there are no slidably adjustable positioning members in the device of Zdarsky, as there are in the present invention. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,557,690, issued to Jean-Claude Randin on Dec. 10, 1985, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,060, issued to Constantin Zdarsky on Oct. 27, 1998, both illustrate devices for handling the torroidal or disc-like stops for endodontic files. Neither of these two patents has slidably adjustable positioning members, as seen in the present invention. 
     None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singly or in combination, is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a convenient instrument for adjusting operational lengths of endodontic files with respect to respective encircling stops preventing overpenetration into a root canal of a patient. The novel instrument or gauge is able to set all necessary operational lengths for all files required for performing root canal procedures on up to four root canals at once. The relatively spread out configuration of the novel gauge provides a number of benefits. One is that when all operational length settings are made to the novel tool prior to performing an endodontic procedure, a dental practitioner can more readily determine and remember the stage to which the procedure has progressed at any point in time. 
     A second benefit is that a selected endodontic file can be readily inserted into its appropriate place within the novel gauge, set to the proper operational length, and subsequently removed for use. The practitioner is not unduly burdened by having to manipulate the file to adjust it to constantly changing operational length settings, as is required in many prior art devices. Still another benefit is that the present invention is more effectively sterilized in autoclaves, compared to cylindrical devices, due to its spread out planar configuration. 
     The novel gauge comprises a flat base provided with an anvil or retaining barrier, and four tracks for receiving slidable members, hereinafter called slides, which can be positioned within the base to adjust operational lengths of endodontic files. The retaining barrier serves as a measuring point at which stops are positioned on files being adjusted for operational length. Each slide is configured to present the number and altitude of steps dictated by the particular technique chosen for the procedure, thereby being able to adjust length of all files for one root canal with one manual an adjustment. 
     The four tracks enable the device to set up all file lengths required for up to four root canals, which corresponds to the maximum number of roots of the overwhelming majority of teeth. Thus one length setting per track can be utilized to prepare all needed endodontic files for any one tooth having up to four roots, and to display the settings in a readily accessible, organized manner. The settings thus displayed visually presents the logical order of each step in file lengths for each root to be treated. The invention anticipates a separate set of slides for each of the known and generally practiced techniques for performing root canal procedures, and additional techniques which may be developed in the future. 
     Each slide is secured in a selected position relative to the base by a thumbscrew. In one embodiment, the thumbscrew serves as a handle for maneuvering the slide along its track. In a preferred embodiment, the thumbscrew has a combination of compressible O-ring, spacer ring, and washer that selectively establishes two levels of frictional engagement of the slide as the thumbscrew is progressively tightened. The first level of friction prevents unintended, spontaneous dislodging of the slide during a final tightening sequence, but enables the slide to be moved by manual force prior to final tightening. The second level of friction locks the slide in a selected operational position on the base so that not even manual force can dislodge it. The slides are therefore secured within the base in two discrete increments of mobility. 
     Measurement indicia may be optionally provided for adjusting slides to precise positions on the base relative to the retaining barrier. As an alternative to the measurement indicia, or in addition thereto, an upwardly projecting flange is provided on each slide. The flange facilitates use of an endodontic ruler in measuring the distance from the retaining barrier to a predetermined point on the slide, thereby establishing the radiographic length to which the slide is to be adjusted. Thus two forms of measurement of tools may be provided. 
     Accordingly, it is one object of the invention to provide a length gauge for adjusting exposed length of endodontic tools with respect to stops, which gauge readily displays, makes accessible, and visually organizes all operational length settings for all files which will be used to treat one tooth. 
     It is another object of the invention that the gauge be of a configuration enabling effective sterilizing. 
     It is a further object of the invention to provide means to make file length adjustments for many different techniques for performing root canal treatments. 
     Still another object of the invention is to secure slides within the base in increments of mobility along the length of their associated tracks. 
     An additional object of the invention is to facilitate and enable measurement of distances displayed by the jig which distances will correspond to the desired exposed lengths of the tools. 
     It is an object of the invention to provide improved elements and arrangements thereof in an apparatus for the purposes described which is inexpensive, dependable and fully effective in accomplishing its intended purposes. 
     These and other objects of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following specification and drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Various other objects, features, and attendant advantages of the present invention will become more fully appreciated as the same becomes better understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the several views, and wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 2 is an environmental, top plan view of the device of FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of slides generally corresponding to four members seen along the center of FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 4A is an enlarged end cross sectional detail view taken along line  4 — 4  of FIG.  2 . 
     FIG. 4B is similar to FIG. 4A, but shows an alternative embodiment thereof. 
     FIG. 4C is an enlarged end cross sectional detail view generally corresponding to the bottom of FIG. 4A, but shows an alternative embodiment thereof. 
     FIG. 5 an enlarged top plan detail view of one of the slides depicted along the center of FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 6 is an enlarged environmental side elevational detail view of the slide of FIG. 5, showing an endodontic ruler in place for making measurements. 
     FIG. 7 is an enlarged end cross sectional detail view of an alternative embodiment of the structure shown in FIG.  4 . 
     FIG. 8 is similar to FIG. 7, but shows a progressive degree of tightening of the thumbscrew shown therein. 
     FIG. 9 is an enlarged diagrammatic, end elevational view is of a further embodiment of the invention. 
     FIG. 10 is an enlarged diagrammatic, end elevational view of a still further embodiment of the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1 of the drawings shows gauge  10  for selectively positioning stops along the shaft of an endodontic file (see FIG.  2 ). Gauge  10  comprises a base  12  in which are formed four coplanar, parallel tracks  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20 . A plurality of slidable members or slides  22 ,  24 ,  26 ,  28  which are dimensioned and configured to be slidably disposed within tracks  14 ,  16 ,  18 , and  20  are shown installed. Base  12  has a retaining barrier  30  spanning tracks  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20 . Base  12  has an upper surface  32  common to retaining barrier  30  and to side walls  34  of tracks  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20 . The function of barrier  30  will be described hereinafter. 
     The bottom of base  12 , as depicted in FIG. 1, is formed by a floor  38  (see also FIG. 2) which extends continuously from side  40  to respective opposing side  42 , and from proximal side  44  to respective opposing distal side  46 . Designation of side  44  as proximal and of side  46  as distal are merely for semantic convenience. The proximal side is that into which files are inserted into retaining barrier  30 . The term will also be applied for convenience to tracks  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20 , and refers to that end of tracks  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  proximate retaining barrier  30 . 
     Apart from being a structural member, floor  38  closes each track  14 ,  16 ,  18 , or  20  at the bottom thereof. This both assists in guiding and constraining slides  22 ,  24 ,  26 ,  28  to move only longitudinally within associated tracks  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  which are dimensioned and configured to accomplish this, and also obstructs contaminants (not shown) from impinging from below upon endodontic files (see FIG. 2) held within base  12 . 
     The use of gauge  10  is illustrated in FIG.  2 . An endodontic file  2  is shown held in base  12 . File  2  is passed through one of five openings  48 ,  49 ,  50 ,  51 ,  52  formed in retaining barrier  30  at track  14 . Openings  48 ,  49 ,  50 ,  51 ,  52  are preferably slots which are open from above so that a file may be laid in each one prior to sliding the file into contact with its associated slide. Openings  48 ,  49 ,  50 ,  51 ,  52  are each dimensioned and configured to receive therein one endodontic file such that all endodontic files (only one file  2  is shown) inserted within openings  48 ,  49 ,  50 ,  51 ,  52  are in coplanar relation to one another. A rubbery, generally torroidal or disc-like stop  4  has been placed in encircling relation to the shaft of file  2  prior to insertion of file  2  into opening  50 . File  2  has been passed through opening  50  until its distal end contacts a step  54  formed on slide  22 . 
     Slide  22  has a stepped surface facing retaining barrier  30  at its proximal end (that being the end facing retaining barrier  30 ) and an opposed distal end. The stepped surface is disposed to occupy track  14 , and to move selectively towards and away from the proximal end of track  14  when slide  22  traverses track  14 . The stepped surface has five flat steps  54 ,  55 ,  57 ,  58 ,  60  (see FIG.  5 ). Each step  54 ,  55 ,  57 ,  58 , or  60  is spaced apart from the distal end of track  14  by a distance interval different from that by which every other step  54 ,  55 ,  57 ,  58 , or  60  is spaced apart from the distal end of track  14 . 
     In the depiction of FIG. 2, slide  22  has been moved to a selected position within track  14  such that exposed length  6  of file  2  corresponds to a measurement derived from the radiographic length, which is established by X-ray or equivalent images (not shown). Positioning of slide  22  is precisely accomplished by moving slide  22  to appropriate registry with measurement indicia  56  disposed upon upper surface  32  of base  12  proximate and along track  14 . Indicia  56  enables visual confirmation of exposed length of each endodontic file retained within retaining barrier  30 . A similar goal is achieved by the use of an endodontic ruler, as explained hereinafter. Slide  22  bears a suitable index or reference mark (not shown) for registry with indicia  56 . Stop  4  is prevented from moving in tandem with file  2  as file  2  is pushed through opening  50 , stop  4  thereby moving to an adjusted position along the shaft of file  2  as facilitated by retaining barrier  30 . Alternatively stated, retaining barrier  30  causes stop  4  which has been placed in encircling relation on the shaft of endodontic file  2  to slide along the shaft when the shaft is advanced through opening  50 . When exposed length  6  of file  2  touches step  54 , position of stop  4  on file  2  has been adjusted to the desired distance. File  2  is now ready for use. 
     Other files (not shown), also for use on the same root canal, will be similarly adjusted, using other openings  48 ,  49 ,  51 , or  52 , of retaining barrier  30 , and other steps  55 ,  57 ,  58 , or  60  of slide  22 . Another file (not shown) is passed through an opening  48 ,  49 ,  51 , or  52  until it contacts its associated step  55 ,  57 ,  58 , or  60  of slide  22 . The length of the exposed portion of file  2  and other files adjusted using slide  22  is predetermined once slide  22  has been adjusted to the appropriate position in accordance with the radiographic length of the canal. The procedure for positioning the stops of the subsequent files is the same as that employed for file  2 . Files associated with any one slide may obviously be adjusted in any desired order. 
     Each track  14 ,  16 ,  18 , or  20  preferably has height, width of magnitude greater than that of the height, and length of magnitude greater than that of the width. This relationship causes gauge  10  to be generally planar, apart from nominal and structural thickness of its components, so that all of the files are held in an accessible, visible parallel, coplanar array. 
     It will be appreciated that because track  14  and slide  22  are generally similar in function to respective tracks  16 ,  18 , and  20  and slides  24 ,  26 , and  28 , description of track  14  and slide  22  will therefore be understood to apply as well to tracks  16 ,  18 , and  20  and to slides  24 ,  26 , and  28 . The only significant difference is in dimensions and proportions among the various slides, as will be further explained hereinafter. In a similar vein, retaining barrier  30  has five openings (not indicated by individual reference numerals) for each one of tracks  16 ,  18 ,  20 , as well as for track  14 . 
     In operation, each track  14 ,  16 ,  18 , or  20  is assigned to a canal in the tooth to be treated. Each track  14 ,  16 ,  18 , or  20  can, with a single adjustment to its associated slide  22 ,  24 ,  26 , or  28 , therefore set up to five operational file lengths as dictated by the chosen endodontic technique. Each operational length is a predetermined variance from the radiographic length of the individual canal. 
     All tracks  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  face upwardly when base  12  is oriented horizontally, with floor  38  facing downwardly. Therefore, all five file lengths established by slides  22 ,  24 ,  26 ,  28  after adjustment are exposed to view from above. 
     Once positioned as desired, and prior to inserting files into openings  48 ,  49 ,  50 ,  51 ,  52 , slide  22  is secured within base  12  by turning a setscrew which preferably is a thumbscrew  62 . It will be understood that slides  24 ,  26 ,  28  each have an equivalent thumbscrew. 
     Differences among the dimensions and proportions of the various slides will now be described, with reference to FIG.  3 . FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention wherein slides  23 ,  25 ,  27 ,  29  each have other than five steps. The number of steps arbitrarily selected for purpose of illustration is three. Variations among the slides are selected to conform to teachings of different clinical techniques for root canal procedures. FIG. 3 is diagrammatic in that it shows only the profile or silhouette of each slide, omitting other features described elsewhere herein. It will be understood that the various slides of FIG. 3 include necessary features required for operability but which are 
     It will be seen that distance intervals  64 ,  66  by which steps of slides  23 ,  25 ,  27 ,  29  of a first group of slides are spaced apart from one another are constant or similar distance intervals. This is not the only possible relationship. A second group comprising slides  68 ,  70 ,  72 ,  74  has a distance interval  78  separating a step  80  for establishing the shortest exposed file length from an intermediate step  82  which is smaller than a distance interval  84  separating intermediate step  82  from step  86 . It will be understood that although steps  80 ,  82 ,  86  are shown only on slide  68 , slide  68  and steps  80 ,  82 ,  86  are representative of slides  70 ,  72 ,  74 . 
     FIG. 4A illustrates one method of securement of slide  22  within track  14 . Thumbscrew  62  is seen to comprise an enlarged head  108  which enables grasping by finger and a threaded shank  110  which threaded shank  110  engages a threaded hole  112  formed in slide  22 . Shank  110  passes through a slot  96  (see FIG. 5) formed in slide  22 . Thumbscrew  62  is turned to thread to and engage hole  112 . Continuing to turn thumbscrew  62  will immobilize slide  22  within its associated track  14 . 
     FIG. 4B shows a modification to the embodiment of FIG. 4A, wherein apparatus providing two discrete levels of friction as thumbscrew  62  is tightened. The added apparatus is similar in structure and function to corresponding apparatus shown in and described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. The embodiment of FIG. 4B is preferred over the embodiments of FIGS. 4A and 7. 
     FIG. 4C shows a modification to the embodiment of FIG.  4 A. In FIG. 4C, floor  39  of a base (not shown in its entirety) which is otherwise comparable to body  12  of FIG. 1 is continuous, thereby closing the bottom of threaded hole  113  which receives threaded shank  110  of thumbscrew  62 . Of course, the modification shown in FIG. 4C could be applied to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4B in order to provide the latter with a continuous floor. 
     In FIGS. 5 and 6, it will be seen that slide  22  has a ridge or flange  114  which projects upwardly above upper surface  116  of slide  122 . Flange  114  serves as a stop against which an endodontic ruler  8  may be placed for making measurements in adjusting position of slide  22  within base  12  (see FIG.  1 ). This is a preferred embodiment which renders indicia  56  (see FIG. 2) unnecessary, although both may be provided if desired. It will be seen from examining FIG. 5 that step  55  is recessed behind the forward surface of flange  114 . Step  57  is coincident or coplanar with the forward surface of flange  114 . Steps  54 ,  58 ,  60  are located forwardly of the forward surface of flange  114 . While step  60  is shown lower than step  58 , steps  55 ,  57 ,  54 ,  58 , and  60  are considered to be generally arranged in ascending order with respect to distance to the retaining barrier. The order shown generally corresponds to the order required in the treatment procedure, thus facilitating ease of use, although other orders could be employed. 
     FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention wherein a slide  122  is formed such that it cannot be lowered into track  124  and therefore cannot be lost by moving upwardly. Each one of the several tracks of the embodiment of FIG. 7 is dimensioned and configured to guide and constrain its associated slide to move only longitudinally within the track. To this end, the body forming track  124  has two wings  126 ,  128  which interfere with dovetailing or cooperating portions of slide  122 . 
     Slide  122  is inserted into track  124  from the distal end thereof, and may be withdrawn only from the distal end of track  124 . Slide  122  is secured in place by tightening thumbscrew  130  into a threaded hole  132  formed in slide  122 , until the bottom of threaded shank  134  of thumbscrew  130  contacts floor  136  of the body forming track  124 . Continued tightening of thumbscrew  130  forces slide  122  upwardly into interference with wings  126 ,  128 . This contact secures slide  122  in place within track  124 . 
     FIGS. 7 and 8 show a further feature wherein frictional engagement of thumbscrew  130  progressively increases in discrete increments providing tactile indication of degree of securement of slide  122  within track  124 . A resilient O-ring  138  encircles shank  134 . In turn, a rigid keeper  140  encircles O-ring  138 . A washer  142  separates keeper  140  and O-ring  138  from the upper surface of slide  122 . As thumbscrew  130  is threaded into slide  122 , the lower surface of enlarged head  144  of thumbscrew  130  contacts and slightly compresses O-ring  138 . The degree of contact establishes a first level of friction between enlarged head  144  and slide  122  when thumbscrew  130  is only partially threaded into threaded hole  132 . The first level of friction is preferably sufficient to secure slide  122  within track  124  against spontaneous movement, while enabling slide  122  to be moved by manual force. 
     It will be seen that a gap  146  remains between enlarged head  144  and keeper  140  in FIG.  7 . As thumbscrew  130  continues to be turned, as shown in FIG. 8, the lower surface of enlarged head  144  not only further compresses O-ring  138  but also engages keeper  140 . It will be seen that gap  146  which was present in FIG. 7 has now disappeared. Also, the bottom of threaded shank  134  now engages floor  136 . Contact of head  144  with slide  122  establishes a second level of friction between enlarged head  144  and slide  122  when the bottom surface of shank  134  seats against the upper surface of floor  136 . Preferably, the second level of friction is sufficient to secure slide  122  within track  124  against displacement by manual pressure. 
     The advantage of the two levels of friction is that the first level of friction enables a person to move slide  122  along track  124  to a selected position from which it will not be spontaneously dislodged. Frictional resistance also assists in moving slide  122  in very small increments of distance, thereby making very precise, accurate positioning possible. After slide  122  has been adjusted to a precise selected position, resultant additional frictional resistance assures that careless handling and incidental impacts will not disturb accuracy of the adjustment. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the feature providing two levels of friction may be incorporated into the embodiment of FIG.  4 A. Although the embodiment of FIGS. 7 and 8 retain slide  122  against loss in the upward direction, wings  126 ,  128  may perhaps reduce effectiveness of sterilization when placing the base in an autoclave (not shown). Therefore, the embodiment of slide  22  of FIG. 4 is preferred over the embodiment of slide  122  of FIGS. 7 and 8. 
     The number of openings formed in the retaining barrier at each track generally corresponds to the number of steps on a slide. But such characterization should not be construed to preclude having a number of openings which is more or less than the number of steps in the slide provided. For example, the retaining barrier could have five openings for each slide, while the slides utilized therewith could have only three steps. Hence, this would allow a slide having either three steps or five steps to use the same base, namely one having five openings for each slide. Moreover, a slide having more steps than openings provided therefore could be employed, in which case not all steps would be utilized. Of course, the number of openings and slide steps could be matched for the sake of simplicity. The desired implementation is to provide a corresponding number of openings and steps to facilitate adjustment of the number of files utilized in accordance with a corresponding canal and selected procedure. 
     The present invention is susceptible to variations which may be introduced thereto without departing from the inventive concept. Elements set forth in the singular may be replaced by plural elements to the same effect. Any of the variations of alternative embodiments may be combined as desired. For example, the number of steps of any slide may be varied to suit. The different groups illustrated in FIG. 3 may vary in any and all of the characteristics shown herein. Openings  48 ,  49 ,  50 ,  51 ,  52  could be holes rather than slots as depicted. 
     It is to be understood that the number of steps of any slide, the order in which the steps of a slide occur, and the relative heights of the steps of a slide in relation to the retaining barrier will vary according to variations among differing root canal treatment techniques. 
     There is no requirement that the tracks for the slides or the openings formed in a retaining barrier literally be coplanar. Rather, they are preferably arranged such that the length settings are longitudinally exposed to view in one common direction. It would be possible to rearrange the tracks as seen in FIGS. 9 and 10. 
     In FIG. 9, a base  148  is arranged so that endodontic files F are all parallel and exposed from above. However, they are not literally coplanar. FIG. 10 shows a second arrangement wherein a base  150  is arranged such that endodontic files F are parallel and exposed from above. Files F are exposed to view from a common direction, that being from above, so that they are readily visually organized and accessible without being coplanar. It will be recognized that FIGS. 9 and 10 are only diagrammatic in nature, and omit retaining barriers, slides, and tracks for brevity. The omitted components would be present in any embodiment of the invention having configuration of the embodiments of FIGS. 9 or  10 . 
     It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but encompasses any and all embodiments within the scope of the following claims.