Abstract:
Embodiments are directed to forming a structure comprising at least one fin, a gate, and a spacer, applying an annealing process to the structure to create a gap between the at least one fin and the spacer, and growing an epitaxial semiconductor layer in the gap between the spacer and the at least one fin.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates generally to computer technology, and more specifically, to the fabrication of a semiconductor device, such as a fin field effect transistor (FinFET). 
       DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART 
       [0002]    Dopant diffusion may be used in connection with FinFET junction engineering. For example, dopant diffusion is employed for extension overlap formation. Issues may be encountered in connection with spacer doping and resultant junction gradients. It may be difficult to provide or obtain doping in a region between one or more fins and a gate (potentially in connection with a spacer or insulator). Conventionally, implants are used to achieve doping. However, implants can cause damage to the fins, which leads to an undesirable increase in terms of resistance. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0003]    Embodiments are directed to a method for fabricating a semiconductor device comprising: forming a structure comprising at least one fin, a gate, and a spacer, applying an annealing process to the structure to create a gap between the at least one fin and the spacer, and growing an epitaxial semiconductor layer in the gap between the spacer and the at least one fin. 
         [0004]    Embodiments are directed to a semiconductor device comprising: a fin, a gate formed on the fin, a spacer formed on the gate and the fin, and an epitaxial layer formed in a gap between the fin and the spacer as a result of an application of an annealing process to the device. 
         [0005]    Embodiments are directed to a fin field effect transistor (FinFET) comprising: a plurality of silicon fins, a gate formed over the fins, a spacer formed over the gate and at least a portion of the fins, and an epitaxy layer formed in a gap between each of the fins and the spacer, wherein the gap is formed based on an application of an annealing process to the transistor. 
         [0006]    Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques described herein. Other embodiments and aspects are described in detail herein. For a better understanding, refer to the description and to the drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]    The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features and advantages are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0008]      FIG. 1A  is an exemplary diagram of a structure in accordance with one or more embodiments; 
           [0009]      FIG. 1B  shows a front perspective view of the structure of  FIG. 1A  along the line A-A′ shown in  FIG. 1A ; 
           [0010]      FIG. 1C  shows a side perspective view of the structure of  FIG. 1A  along the line B-B′ shown in  FIG. 1A ; 
           [0011]      FIG. 2A  is an exemplary diagram of the structure of  FIG. 1A  following annealing in accordance with one or more embodiments; 
           [0012]      FIG. 2B  shows a front perspective view of the structure of  FIG. 2A  along the line A-A′ shown in  FIG. 2A ; 
           [0013]      FIG. 2C  shows a side perspective view of the structure of  FIG. 2A  along the line B-B′ shown in  FIG. 2A ; 
           [0014]      FIG. 3A  is an exemplary diagram of the structure of  FIG. 2A  following growth/insertion of epitaxy (epi) in accordance with one or more embodiments; 
           [0015]      FIG. 3B  shows a front perspective view of the structure of  FIG. 3A  along the line A-A′ shown in  FIG. 3A ; 
           [0016]      FIG. 3C  shows a side perspective view of the structure of  FIG. 3A  along the line B-B′ shown in  FIG. 3A ; and 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart of an exemplary method in accordance with one or more embodiments. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0018]    It is noted that various connections are set forth between elements in the following description and in the drawings (the contents of which are included herein by way of reference). It is noted that these connections in general and, unless specified otherwise, may be direct or indirect and that this specification is not intended to be limiting in this respect. In this regard, a coupling of entities may refer to either a direct or an indirect connection. 
         [0019]    Turning to  FIGS. 1A-1C , an exemplary embodiment of a structure  100  is shown. The structure  100  is shown as including one or more silicon (Si) fins  102  with a spacer  104  and a PC  106 . The fins  102  may be substantially parallel to one another as shown in  FIG. 1A . The PC  106  may correspond to the gate of the structure  100 . The spacer  104  may protect the gate/PC  106  by providing insulation between the gate/PC  106  and a source-drain region of the structure  100 . 
         [0020]    The fins  102 , spacer  104 , and PC  106  may be formed on, a buried oxide (BOX)  108 . The BOX layer  108  may be part of a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, e.g., a silicon-oxide-silicon stack-up. 
         [0021]    Turning to  FIGS. 2A-2C , the structure  100  is shown following the application of an annealing process. For example, hydrogen (H 2 ) annealing may be applied at approximately: seven-hundred fifty degrees Celsius and ten torr for five minutes. Based on the annealing, the fins  102  may undergo shrinkage, leaving a gap or space (denoted by, or in proximity to, the dashed circle  206 ) between the fins  102  and the spacer  104  as shown in  FIGS. 2A-2C . The annealing process may leave the fins  102  generally in place with respect to the structure  100  (e.g., the fins might not be disturbed) and may serve as a controlled process for creating generally uniform gaps/spaces  206 . The annealing process may be contrasted with conventional processes, wherein the conventional processes: (1) tend to be manual in nature, (2) upset or move the fins, and (3) tend to lack uniformity. The annealing process described herein may be performed to facilitate a growth of an epitaxy (epi) layer as described below. 
         [0022]    The gap/space  206  may be created to allow for growth of an epi layer on the exposed silicon surfaces of the fins  102 . For n-type devices, phosphorous-doped polysilicon may be used. For p-type devices, boron may be used. Other types of materials or dopants may be used in sonic embodiments. 
         [0023]    Turning to  FIGS. 3A-3C , the structure  100  is shown following the growth of epi  312  in the gap/space  206  between the spacer  104  and the fins  102 . The epi  312  may ensure proper extension overlap and a suppressed extension junction gradient. The sharper junction (less junction gradient) contributes to improved gate short channel control, and thus, less leakage current when the transistor is in an off state. Typically, the junction can be achieved with a reduced thermal budget (less dopant diffusion). But, a reduction in terms of thermal budget/lower dopant diffusion may lead to insufficient dopant activation, and thus, an increase of series resistance. Embodiments described herein can achieve a sharp extension junction without compromising the dopant activation, since a reduction in the distance that the dopants need to diffuse is provided. 
         [0024]    Turning now to  FIG. 4 , a flow chart of an exemplary method  400  in accordance with one or more embodiments is shown. The method  400  may be used to provide a controlled process for doping a FinFET structure while minimizing the movement, changes to, or damage to the fins. 
         [0025]    In block  402 , a FinFET structure may be constructed. For example, the FinFET structure constructed in block  402  may generally correspond to the structure  100  as shown in  FIGS. 1A-1C . 
         [0026]    In block  404 , an annealing process may be applied to the structure constructed in block  402 . The annealing process may result in a space or gap being created in the structure. For example, a space or gap may be created between one or more fins (e.g., fins  102 ) and a spacer (e.g., spacer  104 ) as shown in  FIGS. 2A-2C . 
         [0027]    In block  406 , epi may be grown or inserted in the gap/space created in block  404 . In this manner, dopants may be delivered more efficiently relative to conventional solutions, and a proper extension overlap and a suppressed extension junction gradient may be obtained. 
         [0028]    The method  400  is illustrative. In some embodiments, one or more of the blocks (or portions thereof) may be optional. In some embodiments, one or more blocks or operations not shown may be included. In some embodiments, the blocks or operations may execute in an order or sequence different from what is shown in  FIG. 4 . 
         [0029]    Embodiments of the disclosure may be used to form an extension (e.g., an epi-extension) close to a gate edge (underneath an offset spacer). One or more processes may be self-aligned in that hydrogen (H 2 ) diffusion may be limited by a geometry near a spacer to prevent a gate short to a source-drain region. 
         [0030]    The illustrative examples described herein included references to various elements, materials, and compounds. One skilled in the art would appreciate that other elements, materials, and compounds may be substituted for those that were specifically referenced herein. 
         [0031]    In some embodiments, various functions or acts may take place at a given location and/or in connection with the operation of one or more apparatuses or systems. In some embodiments, a portion of a given function or act may be performed at a first device or location, and the remainder of the function or act may be performed at one or more additional devices or locations. 
         [0032]    The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, element components, and/or groups thereof. 
         [0033]    The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. 
         [0034]    The diagrams depicted herein are illustrative. There may be many variations to the diagram or the steps (or operations) described therein without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. For instance, the steps may be performed in a differing order or steps may be added, deleted or modified. All of these variations are considered a part of the disclosure. 
         [0035]    It will be understood that those skilled in the art, both now and in the future, may make various improvements and enhancements which fall within the scope of the claims which follow.