Abstract:
A valve having a magnetic force transmission apparatus is disclosed including: a closed body for tightly closing internal components and rotation shaft of the body of the valve, so as to interrupt the leakage of fluid from the valve and maintain perfect airtightness; and a pair of permanent magnet plates opposingly placed in the closed body and for allowing the valve open/close by transmitting power using the magnetic force of magnet pieces attached on yokes in non-contact.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a valve having a magnetic force transmission apparatus, which is opened/closed by the transmission of force externally using magnetism in a non-contact manner. 
     In a variety of conventional valves using a glove, gate, needle or ball, packings are essentially used to prevent fluid from leakage. According to the frequencies of use, fluid is leaked from the stem of valves, though there are differences for kinds of valve. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, in order to overcome such problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a valve having a magnetic force transmission apparatus, in which external leakage from a stem of the valve is not caused, and the valve is opened/closed by driving the stem by non-contact magnetic force. 
     To accomplish the object of the present invention, there is provided a valve having a magnetic force transmission apparatus comprising: a closed body for tightly closing internal components and rotation shaft of the body of the valve, so as to interrupt the leakage of fluid from the valve and maintain perfect airtightness; and a pair of permanent magnet plates opposingly placed in the closed body and for allowing the valve to open/close by transmitting power using the magnetic force of magnet pieces attached on yokes in a non-contact. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ATTACHED DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention in which a ball valve employs a magnetic force transmission apparatus; 
     FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention in which a stem moves up and down such as a glove, gate or needle valve; 
     FIG. 3A is a plan view of a state in which permanent magnet pieces are disposed in one ring on a disk; 
     FIG. 3B is a sectional view, taken along line A--A of FIG. 3A, of the state in which permanent magnet pieces are disposed in one ring on a disk; 
     FIG. 4A is a plan view of a state in which permanent magnet pieces are disposed in multiple rings on a disk; 
     FIG. 4B is a sectional view, cut along line B--B of FIG. 4A, of the state in which permanent magnet pieces are disposed in multiple rings on a disk; 
     FIG. 5A is a plan view of a state in which permanent magnet pieces are disposed in a rectangle on a disk; 
     FIG. 5B is a sectional view, cut along line C--C of FIG. 5A, of the state in which permanent magnet pieces are disposed in a rectangle on a disk; 
     FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of still another embodiment of the present invention which can be used for high pressure; and 
     FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 are embodiments of an opening/closing confirming device which is attached to the present invention so as to ascertain whether the valve is opened or closed. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the attached drawings. 
     Referring to FIG. 1, the ball for directly interrupting the flow of fluid and located in the lower portion of a ball valve having a magnetic force transmission apparatus of the present invention is the same as a conventional ball. A power transmission apparatus located in the upper portion and for rotating this ball is the feature of the present invention. 
     The power transmission apparatus is roughly divided into upper permanent magnet plate 1 and lower permanent magnet plate 2, which are incorporated in a closed body 50 serving to maintain airtightness. On these magnet plates are opposing yokes 6 and 7 and permanent magnet pieces 8 and 9, respectively. Permanent magnet pieces 8 and 9 of yokes 6 and 7 are fixedly installed in housings 10 and 11, respectively. Keys 12 and 13 are fixed between yokes 6 and 7 and housings 10 and 11 so that the entire components of the permanent magnet plates can rotate as they turn. 
     A separation plate 3 is formed between upper and lower permanent magnet plates 1 and 2. Bearings 14 and 15 for reducing friction is installed therebetween. With bearings 14 and 15, cavities 16a and 16b are formed between permanent magnet plates 1 and 2 and separation plate 3, thereby preventing permanent magnet plates 1 and 2 from being worn out due to the friction between the permanent magnet plates and separation plate as the permanent magnet plates rotate. 
     A stem 18 of the valve is fixedly connected to the lower permanent magnet plate 2. The end of stem 18 is coupled to ball 32 in a shape of rectangular wedge 24a. Ball 32 is fitted into valve body 25a with a seal 33 so as to prevent internal leakage. Closed body 50 with the magnetic force transmission apparatus and valve body 25a are connected to each other by a bolt 26. Here, a bonnet 27 presses seal 28 to thereby prevent fluid from leakage. Their connection may be performed by welding not by the bolt. Therefore, like gate, glove and needle valves to be introduced later, lower permanent magnet plate 2 rotates along with the rotation of upper permanent magnet plate 1. Here, ball 32 engaged with stem 18 rotates to open/close the valve. 
     As shown in the drawings, manually-operated handle 22 is coupled to a upward protruded rotation shaft 23 of upper permanent magnet plate 1 by a fixing nut 30. As manually-operated handle 22 is rotated externally, upper permanent magnet plate 1 rotates. Here, manually-operated handle 22 may be designed to rotate automatically by attaching an automatic actuator. 
     Referring to FIG. 2, this embodiment employs the magnetic force transmission apparatus of the present invention in a gate valve. This case can be adapted in glove and needle valves in the same configuration. The same numerals are designated to the same components as in FIG. 1. Here, the description of overlapped elements will be omitted. 
     In a gate, glove or needle valve, a cylindrical female screw 19 is formed on the inner surface of protruded shaft 18b formed under permanent magnet plate 2. The female screw is coupled to a male screw 21b formed on the outer surface of a protruded rod 21 formed protrudently on the top of valve stem 20. As handle 22 rotates, gate 32a moves up and down. When handle 22 is turned to make upper permanent magnet plate 1 rotate, lower permanent magnet plate 2 also rotates by the attraction of the flow of magnetic field. Accordingly, protruded rod 21 of valve stem 20 moves up or down by the rotation force. 
     More specifically, upper and lower permanent magnet plates 1 and 2 and protruded shaft 18b serve as nuts as they rotate. Protruded rod 21 of valve stem 20 connected thereto act as bolts as they move up and down. In this situation, gate 32a moves up and down to open/close the flow of fluid. The up/down movement function is held in the conventional valve so that it can be used without any change. If the ball, gate, glove, or needle valve is used for high temperature, the outer portion of stem (reference numeral 18 of FIG. 1 and 18B of FIG. 2) can be elongated and a heat-proof plate may be employed. 
     Referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B, magnet pieces 8 and 9 are attached by an interval which is varied within the diameter of the magnet pieces. The thickness of yokes 6 and 7 supporting magnet pieces 8 and 9 is established so that the density of magnetic flux of the magnet pieces is not saturated. In order not to move magnet pieces 8 and 9, a hole of the same size as that of magnet pieces 8 and 9 is perforated in a non-magnetic material to make magnet piece housings 6a and 7a. These housings are fixed by keys 12 and 13 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIGS. 3A and 3B, magnet pieces are disposed in one ring in pairs, centering on the starting point of the disk yokes in which a central hole is perforated. N and S poles of the magnet pieces are arranged alternately. Here, the central hollow of disk yokes 6 and 7 is raised by protruding housings 10 and 11, which hold the yokes, of FIGS. 1 and 2, so as to be the same height as that of the magnet pieces. 
     Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the size and array interval of the outer magnet pieces 8 and 9 are the same as those of FIGS. 3A and 3B. The number of smaller magnet pieces 8a and 9a disposed on the inner side is the same as that of the first outer ring. Their poles are opposite to those of the first ring. Here, the size of magnet pieces 8a and 9a disposed on the inner side must be established so that the inner magnet pieces 8a and 9a are inserted within an isosceles triangle formed by connecting both ends of the diameter of outer magnet pieces 8 and 9 to the center point of yokes 6 and 7. This array is the same as the first-ring array. The outer magnet pieces 8 and 9 and inner magnet pieces 8a and 9a adjacent thereto are opposite in polarity. For a multiple-ring array such as 3 and 4 rings, the same way as that of one-ring array and two-ring array can be performed. 
     Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, magnet pieces are arranged in a rectangle. The size and number of the magnet pieces are predetermined so that they are arranged within the size of disk yokes 6 and 7 whose center is perforated or not in a rectangle or circle. In the array, adjacent magnet pieces are opposite in polarity. Here, the center of four magnet pieces disposed in a rectangle and located around the center of disk yokes 6 and 7 lies exactly at the center thereof. To enhance magnetic force, the magnet pieces excluding the central magnet pieces are increased radially in a row. As the case may be, the rectangular array is performed on yokes in which a hole is perforated. In addition, the radius of the yokes may be increased. Here, similar to the cases of the one-ring array of FIGS. 3A and 3B or the multiple-ring array of FIGS. 4A and 4B, the interval of magnet pieces and the thickness of yokes are set so as not to cause saturation of magnetism. Adjacent magnet pieces are opposite in polarity. The number of magnet pieces is a multiple of 4. They are disposed on the permanent magnet plates of housings 10 and 11 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The upper permanent magnet pieces are disposed to face opposite to the lower permanent magnet pieces in polarity. In other words, two permanent magnet plates are disposed in the same array in the same direction. 
     In order to increase the attraction of the magnet plates used in the embodiments, the diameter and thickness of the permanent magnet pieces used in one-ring, multiple-ring and rectangular arrays can be controlled. Further, the attraction between two permanent magnet plates depends upon the distance therebetween. 
     FIG. 6 shows the upper portion of a valve having a magnetic force transmission apparatus used for high pressure according to the present invention. 
     In order to use the valve for high pressure, the housing placed in the upper rotation portion in which magnet and yokes are incorporated is screw-fastened and then fixed, or just fixed so that the housing resists a high pressure. For dispersion of pressure affecting a upper external cover 43, a taper roller bearing 44 is mounted between upper external cover 43, housing 10 and rotation 42 so that the rotation of the valve becomes smooth. To reinforce the rotation, torque to be generated must be minimized. For this a bearing is used in the rotation part of upper and lower portions. Here, in the upper portion a general bearing is used. In the lower portion chemicals-resistant and non-magnetic bearings are employed. Except this configuration, other structures are the same as in FIGS. 1 and 2. 
     Of the valves having a magnetic force transmission apparatus, in the glove, gate and needle valves excluding the ball valve, the upper driven portion rotates whereas the stem and the lower driven portion move up and down. This does not allow easy external confirmation of the open/close state of the valve. In order to ascertain the open/close of the valve, the relationship between the degree of the valve&#39;s opening/closing when the stem moves up and down, and the rotation number of the handle must be established. When the relation between the rotation and vertical movements are set, there are several ways to confirm the open/close state of the valve as follows. 
     First, as shown in FIG. 7, a gear 53 having a gear ratio of 1:1 is interlocked with a gear 52 installed on the rotation shaft 51 of the handle. On one side of gear 53 an analog counter 54 is provided. According to the rotation number of the handle, a numeral is indicated on analog counter 54 to confirm the open/close state of the valve. 
     Second, as shown in FIG. 8, the number of rotating from when the valve is closed completely to when the valve is opened completely is confirmed. A state in which the valve is completely closed by the rotation of gear 62 fixed to the rotation shaft 61 of the handle and gear 63 engaged therewith is represented as &#34;0.&#34; A state in which the valve is completely opened is represented as &#34;100.&#34; This enables the open/close state of the valve to be checked in percentage (%). 
     Third, in FIG. 9, a tachometer sensor 72 is mounted to come into contact with the upper rotation portion by perforating one side of external cover 74 of the upper driven portion in which fluid does not flow. Through tachometer 73 the open/close state of the valve is indicated. 
     As described above, the present invention never uses packings, which are, however, installed in the stem of a conventional valve. Instead, internal components of the valve and the stem all are incorporated in a closed body. Above the closed body a permanent magnet plate in which magnet pieces are attached to a disk iron yoke is installed. 
     Opposite to the permanent magnet plate located in the upper portion, a permanent magnet plate of the same shape is installed in opposite polarity. As the upper permanent magnet plate is rotated, the opposing lower permanent magnet plate is also rotated by magnetic force. By manipulating the stem of the valve connected to the lower permanent magnet plate, the stem rotates or moves up and down along the axis so that the needle or ball of the valve operates. This opens/closes the flow of fluid. 
     With the closed body of the array of permanent magnet pieces and stem, fluid is never leaked externally. For this advantage, the present invention is suitable in fields dealing with radioactive substances, which are dangerous for leakage, or poisonous, explosive, or volatile fluids or gases. 
     Further, the present invention does not require maintenance in preparation for leakage. This is because packings for maintaining the airtightness between driven and fixed portions are not used to thus need no checking or replacement of the component.