Abstract:
A method for accessing information on an electronic version of an navigation information display is described. The method includes displaying navigation information on a display of a device, the device incorporating a touch screen, sensing a user touch on the touch screen, determining, by the device, a location on the touch screen where the user touch has occurred, correlating the location on the touch screen where the user touch has occurred with a location on the navigation information display, and displaying a magnified area of a portion of the navigation information proximate the location on the touch screen where the user touch occurred.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates generally to aircraft cockpit displays and more particularly, to methods and systems for performing charting tasks on aircraft cockpit displays. 
     At least some known aircraft include cockpit displays use charts and other information displays that aid in navigation and situational awareness. For example, charts displayed on electronic displays, referred to herein as electronic charts, typically are used for a wide variety of aspects of flight and flight planning. However, certain elements on such electronic charts are difficult to read. While magnification of such on the displays is known, such systems are limited to the magnification of the entire chart or display even though the context of the information may be reduced when zoomed in to a level required for readability. Outside of magnifying the entire chart, there are no known systems or methods that allow for enhanced readability of specific electronic chart elements, particularly under low light conditions. Further, cumbersome zooming of the entire area display may sometimes result in a desired portion of the information being off-screen in order to view a second portion of the information. Finally, the attention that a pilot has to utilize when zooming in and zooming out on an electronic chart would be better utilized elsewhere. 
     It is apparent that an approach to viewing of relevant information about the points on an electronic chart, for example, latitude/longitude, radial and distance to a VOR outside of zooming in and out on an electronic chart would be beneficial to aircraft operation. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In one embodiment, a method for accessing information on an electronic version of a navigation information display is provided. The method includes displaying navigation information on a display of a device, the device incorporating a touch screen, sensing a user touch on the touch screen, determining, by the device, a location on the touch screen where the user touch has occurred, correlating the location on the touch screen where the user touch has occurred with a location on the navigation information display, and displaying a magnified area of a portion of the navigation information proximate the location on the touch screen where the user touch occurred. 
     In another aspect, one or more computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon are provided. When executed by at least one processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the at least one processor to display navigation information on a touch screen display of a device associated with the at least one processor, sense a first user touch on the touch screen, determine, by the device, a location on the touch screen where the first user touch has occurred, correlate the location on the touch screen where the first user touch has occurred with a location in the navigation information, and display at least one charting tool proximate the location on the touch screen where the first user touch occurred, the charting tool overlaid over the navigation information. 
     In still another aspect, a system for displaying electronic navigation charts is provided. The system includes a processing device, a memory coupled to the processing device, the memory for storing data defining the electronic navigation charts, and a display comprising a touch screen communicatively coupled to the processing device. The processing device is configured to cause the electronic navigation charts to be displayed on the display, receive data from the touch screen indicating one or more user touches on the touch screen, determine, based on the data received from the touch screen, a location on the touch screen where the one or more user touches have occurred, correlate the location on the touch screen where the one or more user touches have occurred with the data defining the electronic navigation charts, and cause at least one charting tool to be displayed on the display proximate the location on the touch screen where the one or more user touches occurred, the at least one charting tool overlaid over the electronic navigation charts. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a forward perspective view of an exemplary aircraft cockpit display panel that includes at least one display screen in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is an illustration of an aviation chart including a magnified area overlaid thereon. 
         FIG. 3  is an illustration of the aviation chart of  FIG. 2  with the magnified area more usefully positioned over a VOR (VHF omnidirectional range) marker. 
         FIG. 4  is an illustration of a display where the aviation chart of  FIG. 2  takes up only a portion of a display, thereby defining a non-chart portion of the display. 
         FIG. 5  is an illustration of a multiple touch capability operable to overlay a magnetic bearing and distance between two user touch points on the aviation chart of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating a process for causing a magnified area to be displayed on the aviation chart of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram of a data processing system. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The described embodiments are directed to the implementation of virtual tools for use while performing typical charting tasks on electronic charts or other sources of electronic navigation information. The embodiments may be practiced in any of an aviation, land navigation, or water navigation environment. One exemplary embodiment is a virtual magnifying glass that, through touch screen interaction, can be placed over a chart, providing a magnified view of a chosen area of the chart, while also providing readouts of latitude and longitude of the center of the area under magnification. Such embodiments allow for the magnification of an area of interest on the electronic without requiring the user to “zoom in” the entire chart. 
     Other data can be provided in these magnified areas including, but not limited to, radial and distance from a VOR, distance to another selected object, and others. Contemplated embodiments also include multiple touch interfaces to allow designation of two points of interest, and a tool that can be used, along with the afore mentioned two touches, to easily measure distance and bearing between the two points of interest. Additional embodiments include a waypoint creation tool, a VOR tool, a distance and bearing tool, and other tools. 
     The described embodiments, as further described herein, provide enhanced readability of selected navigation information elements through magnification, including readability under low light conditions. Enhanced readability of particular textual elements can be read without the cumbersome zooming of the entire electronic chart. Intuitive identification of points of interest through touch interaction, and viewing of relevant information about the points is also provided, including, but not limited to, latitude/longitude, radial and distance to a VOR, as well as intuitive creation of waypoints through touch interaction and with improved accuracy due to magnification. In addition, the described embodiments eliminate, or at least greatly decrease manipulation of the electronic chart through the use of a computer mouse and/or keyboard as is done when utilizing current electronic charting methodologies. 
     By way of introduction,  FIG. 1  is a forward perspective view of an exemplary aircraft cockpit display panel  100  that includes at least one display screen  102  in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In the illustrative embodiment, display screen is positioned on aircraft cockpit display panel  100 . In an alternative embodiment, display screen  102  is positioned on an auxiliary panel (not shown) located in the cockpit of the aircraft. During aircraft operation, display screen  102  is available for viewing by a pilot and/or co-pilot of the aircraft. Display screen  102  may be used to view data included in an electronic flight bag (not shown), which may be embodied as a standalone device such as, but not limited to a PDA or laptop PC, or as a software component of a system executing on a processor that is part of a subsystem of the aircraft. 
     In the exemplary embodiment, the electronic flight bag includes an electronic storage device configured to store various user-configurable flight-related objects for all required and desired information for a particular flight, such as flight routes, as defined by, for example, way-points, airport information, temporary flight restrictions, and weather information as well as any other user-defined objects associated with a flight, ground operations, and/or flight planning. Certain of these include electronic versions of aviation charts and/or navigation charts, sometimes collectively referred to herein as electronic charts. The electronic flight bag receives data from various aircraft and ground sensors and systems, determines flight information based on the received data in real-time, and displays the flight information and/or alerts the flight crew through display screen  102  and other aural and/or visual indicators positioned on cockpit display panel  100 . Such flight information provides the flight crew with additional situational awareness during all phases of aircraft operation. In accordance with the embodiments described herein, the above described examples are considered to incorporate one or more touch screens. 
       FIG. 2  is an illustration of a navigation chart  200  (i.e., an electronic chart) according to one embodiment that is used in aviation. Chart  200  is displayed on a display  210 . Chart  200  includes a magnified area  220 . Magnified area  220  is illustrative of an embodiment of a magnifier for textual data on aviation chart  200 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , magnified area  220  is shown as appearing over the remainder of screen content  222  without relevant content within the magnified area  220 . The magnified area  220  appears when a user touches the screen portion  230  of the display  210 , in one embodiment, for more than two seconds. In an exemplary embodiment, the magnified area  220  is positioned just above the point where the user touched the screen portion  230  thereby making the magnified area visible even though the user&#39;s finger may still be touching the display  210 . In various embodiments, users may change the size of the magnified area  220  through additional user input. In various embodiments, the magnified area  220  is removed from the display after a predetermined amount of time has passed since a touch by a user on the touch screen display  210 . 
     As shown, the content of magnified area  220  is magnified, and magnified area  220  is identified by a boundary  240  enclosing the magnified area  220 . In embodiments, crosshairs  250  may be incorporated within the magnified area  220  to provide a user with a greater degree of accuracy when using. In embodiments, the user is able to move the magnified area  220  over the chart  200  as the user&#39;s finger moves across the screen portion  230  of the display  210 . As the magnified area  220  is moved, the content of the magnified area  220  changes according to the relative position of the magnified area  220  with respect to the chart  200  being displayed. 
       FIG. 3  is an illustration of navigation chart  200  with the magnified area  220  more usefully positioned over the frequency information  260  for a VOR (VHF omnidirectional range) marker, enabling easy reading of the minimum crossing altitude  262  and other data associated with the VOR marker on the chart  200 . 
       FIG. 4  is an illustration of a display  300  where chart  200  takes up only a portion of display  300 , thereby defining a non-chart portion  310  of display  300 . Display  300  is programmed to utilize the non-chart portion  310  for textual displays  320 . In the illustrated embodiment, the textual displays  320  are shown as being above the chart  200  and include latitude, longitude, distance from, and radial for a VOR marker within the magnified area. Textual displays  320  allow for accurate identification of points on the chart  200 , and for display of additional data about those points. The data values shown as textual displays  320  and on chart  200  are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as accurate. 
       FIG. 5  is an illustration of a multiple touch capability operable for use with chart  200  displayed on display  210 . Consistent with the embodiments described above, an arrow  400  extends from a location  402  of a first user touch of the touch screen of display  210  to a location  404  of a second user touch of the touch screen of display  210 . Upon recognition of the user touch locations, the arrow  400  is generated by the software operable for display  210 . In addition and in embodiments, a text box  410  is also generated. In the illustrated embodiment, text box  410  includes a magnetic bearing  412  from the location  402  of the first user touch to the location  404  of the second user touch as well as a distance  414  between location  402  and location  404 . In the illustrated embodiment, this distance  414  is shown in nautical miles. In an embodiment, crosshairs may be incorporated into the display  210  which allow the user to more accurately place their touch locations. 
     As easily understood by those skilled in the art, the described embodiments may also be utilized in the accurate creation of user defined waypoints for display on chart  200 . As discerned from  FIGS. 2-5 , the embodiments described herein are capable of being implemented on a variety of devices ranging from permanently mounted aircraft displays to portable user devices that have a touch screen, chart display capability, and capability to determine location with respect to an electronic chart. Such hardware and display capabilities are found in numerous consumer devices, for example, so called smartphones and a myriad of portable computing devices. 
     The described embodiments depend upon a combination of software techniques for manipulating, in real time, the graphical view of the chart  200 , and geospatial database processing that can, again in real time, convert coordinates associated with display  210  (location on the device screen that is under the crosshairs or is being touched) to latitude and longitude or other values. 
       FIG. 6  is a flowchart  450  illustrating one of the processes that may be performed by the device upon which chart  200  is displayed. Initially, an electronic chart such as chart  200  is displayed  452  on the device, such as a smartphone or permanently mounted aircraft display as described above. During operation of the device as an electronic chart display, the device senses  454  a user touch of the touch screen. As described above, in embodiments, that touch has to be sensed for a predefined period of time before the device considers the touch an intended touch. The device is programmed to determine  456  the location on the touch screen where the user touch has occurred. The device then correlates  458  the location on the touch screen where the user touch has occurred with a location on the electronic chart such that the device is caused  460  to display a magnified area that includes a portion of the electronic chart, the magnified area being overlaid onto the electronic chart. 
     As described herein, the magnified area may be of a pre-defined or user defined size, and the magnified area is displayed proximate the location where the user touched the touch screen. As also described, once the magnified area is displayed, the user may utilize a prolonged touch to the touch screen to move the magnified area, e.g., based upon a sensed path, about the electronic chart, thereby providing a magnified “window” of at least a portion of the information from the electronic chart that is “below” the magnified area. A similar process is utilized for the two touch embodiment, that is, locating on the touch screen the location of the two touches that provides the arrow and the bearing and distance information as described above. In the described embodiments, the magnified area and the arrow with bearing and distance information, for example, may be referred to as a charting tool that is overlaid over the displayed aviation chart. In yet another instance, the navigation information and the magnified area are displayed in a first portion of the display of the device, while textual information related to the magnified area is displayed in a second portion of the display of the device. 
     With the range of devices capable of executing the software necessary for generating such displays understood,  FIG. 7  is a diagram of one possible data processing system  500  that might be utilized in providing the embodiments described herein. As such, data processing system  500  is depicted in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In this illustrative example, data processing system  500  includes communications fabric  502 , which provides communications between processor unit  504 , memory  506 , persistent storage  508 , communications unit  510 , input/output (I/O) unit  512 , and display  514 . 
     Processor unit  504  serves to execute instructions for software that may be loaded into memory  506 . Processor unit  504  may be a set of one or more processors or may be a multi-processor core, depending on the particular implementation. Further, processor unit  504  may be implemented using one or more heterogeneous processor systems in which a main processor is present with secondary processors on a single chip. As another illustrative example, processor unit  504  may be a symmetric multi-processor system containing multiple processors of the same type. 
     Memory  506  and persistent storage  508  are examples of storage devices. A storage device is any piece of hardware that is capable of storing information either on a temporary basis and/or a permanent basis. Memory  506 , in these examples, may be, for example, without limitation, a random access memory or any other suitable volatile or non-volatile storage device. Persistent storage  508  may take various forms depending on the particular implementation. For example, without limitation, persistent storage  508  may contain one or more components or devices. For example, persistent storage  508  may be a hard drive, a flash memory, a rewritable optical disk, a rewritable magnetic tape, or some combination of the above. The media used by persistent storage  508  also may be removable. For example, without limitation, a removable hard drive may be used for persistent storage  508 . 
     Communications unit  510 , in these examples, provides for communications with other data processing systems or devices. In these examples, communications unit  510  is a network interface card. Communications unit  510  may provide communications through the use of either or both physical and wireless communication links. 
     Input/output unit  512  allows for input and output of data with other devices that may be connected to data processing system  500 . For example, without limitation, input/output unit  512  may provide a connection for user input through a keyboard and mouse. Further, input/output unit  512  may send output to a printer. Display  514  provides a mechanism to display information to a user. 
     Instructions for the operating system and applications or programs are located on persistent storage  508 . These instructions may be loaded into memory  506  for execution by processor unit  504 . The processes of the different embodiments may be performed by processor unit  504  using computer implemented instructions, which may be located in a memory, such as memory  506 . These instructions are referred to as program code, computer usable program code, or computer readable program code that may be read and executed by a processor in processor unit  504 . The program code in the different embodiments may be embodied on different physical or tangible computer readable media, such as memory  506  or persistent storage  508 . 
     Program code  516  is located in a functional form on computer readable media  518  that is selectively removable and may be loaded onto or transferred to data processing system  500  for execution by processor unit  504 . Program code  516  and computer readable media  518  form computer program product  320  in these examples. In one example, computer readable media  518  may be in a tangible form, such as, for example, an optical or magnetic disc that is inserted or placed into a drive or other device that is part of persistent storage  508  for transfer onto a storage device, such as a hard drive that is part of persistent storage  508 . In a tangible form, computer readable media  518  also may take the form of a persistent storage, such as a hard drive, a thumb drive, or a flash memory that is connected to data processing system  500 . The tangible form of computer readable media  518  is also referred to as computer recordable storage media. In some instances, computer readable media  518  may not be removable. 
     Alternatively, program code  516  may be transferred to data processing system  500  from computer readable media  518  through a communications link to communications unit  510  and/or through a connection to input/output unit  512 . The communications link and/or the connection may be physical or wireless in the illustrative examples. The computer readable media also may take the form of non-tangible media, such as communications links or wireless transmissions containing the program code. 
     In some illustrative embodiments, program code  516  may be downloaded over a network to persistent storage  508  from another device or data processing system for use within data processing system  500 . For instance, program code stored in a computer readable storage medium in a server data processing system may be downloaded over a network from the server to data processing system  500 . The data processing system providing program code  516  may be a server computer, a client computer, or some other device capable of storing and transmitting program code  516 . 
     The different components illustrated for data processing system  500  are not meant to provide architectural limitations to the manner in which different embodiments may be implemented. The different illustrative embodiments may be implemented in a data processing system including components in addition to or in place of those illustrated for data processing system  500 . Other components shown in  FIG. 5  can be varied from the illustrative examples shown. 
     As one example, a storage device in data processing system  500  is any hardware apparatus that may store data. Memory  506 , persistent storage  508  and computer readable media  518  are examples of storage devices in a tangible form. The methods described herein may be encoded as executable instructions embodied in a computer readable medium, including, without limitation, a storage device or a memory area of a computing device. Such instructions, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processor(s) to perform at least a portion of the methods described herein. 
     In another example, a bus system may be used to implement communications fabric  502  and may be comprised of one or more buses, such as a system bus or an input/output bus. Of course, the bus system may be implemented using any suitable type of architecture that provides for a transfer of data between different components or devices attached to the bus system. Additionally, a communications unit may include one or more devices used to transmit and receive data, such as a modem or a network adapter. Further, a memory may be, for example, without limitation, memory  506  or a cache such as that found in an interface and memory controller hub that may be present in communications fabric  502 . 
     As mentioned above, the described embodiments provide enhanced readability of selected navigation chart elements through magnification which allows for easier reading generally, and especially under low light conditions. The embodiments further provide for the enhanced readability of particular textual elements without cumbersome zooming in and out of the entire chart. Intuitive identification of points of interest is provided through touch interaction, and viewing of relevant information about the points is provided with improved accuracy due to magnification. Prior to the embodiments described herein, zooming of the entire chart was required. In addition, accurately specifying points on an electronic chart was problematic as manipulation of a mouse or entry of data via a keyboard was required. 
     As described, the embodiments take advantage of touch screen capabilities to provide a more intuitive method of identifying a point of interest on an electronic navigation chart making such embodiments more likely to be used, especially in the demanding environment of an aircraft cockpit, seafaring vessel, or for land navigation. 
     This written description uses examples to disclose various embodiments, which include the best mode, to enable any person skilled in the art to practice those embodiments, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.