Abstract:
Conveyor apparatus for transporting objects, having a continuous circulating guided conveyor line with drivers arranged at intervals from each other, characterized in that the conveyor line is constructed of continuous circulating guided individual lines, each of which has drivers arranged at intervals from each other, where the individual lines can be adjusted relative to each other in terms of their circulating positions, so that the intervals between the drivers of different individual lines can be adjusted simultaneously.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The invention pertains to a conveyor apparatus for transporting objects, having a continuous circulating guided conveyor line with drivers arranged at intervals.  
           [0002]    Conveyor devices of this sort with drivers are used, for example, in the food industry, for sealing previously filled bowls, where the individual bowls must be fed to a sealing apparatus always at the same intervals. The sealing apparatus seals the bowls by groups, for example 4 bowls in each working cycle. The drivers ensure that the bowls will remain at a fixed distance from each other even if the conveyor line, for example a conveyor belt, is soiled and slippery from contact with the food which is being packaged.  
           [0003]    Such conveyor devices have proven inherently successful in practice, but they have the disadvantage that a change in the interval between the drivers, such as is necessary for example when other sealing devices or other objects are used, involve a relatively great effort, in that the individual drivers have to be detached from the conveyor line and attached again at different positions.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    The task of the invention consists in improving a conveyor apparatus of this sort in such a way that the change in interval between the drivers can be carried out more easily.  
           [0005]    This task is solved, in accordance with the invention, by means of a conveyor apparatus for transporting objects, having a continuous circulating guided conveyor line with drivers arranged at intervals. A distinguishing feature is that the conveyor line is made up of individual continuous circulating guided lines each having drivers arranged at intervals. With the individual lines adjustable relative to each other with respect to their circulating positions, the intervals between the drivers of different lines can be adjusted simultaneously.  
           [0006]    Preferably, the individual lines are constituted of chains.  
           [0007]    The design can call for the drivers on the individual lines to be held adjustably in the transport direction.  
           [0008]    Preferably, the apparatus is designed so that the drivers of each individual line are arranged at fixed intervals from each other, especially uniform intervals.  
           [0009]    Preferably, the drivers have driver strips which extend across all of the individual lines transversely to the transport direction.  
           [0010]    The design can have an equal number of drivers arranged on each individual line.  
           [0011]    In a preferred implementation form, provision is made for all of the individual lines to be guided over an adjusting roller made of guide wheels positioned side-by-side. These can be adjustable to different rotational positions relative to each other, each of which receives one individual line. At the same time, provision can be made for the guide wheels to be driven sprocket wheels. The guide wheels can be infinitely adjustable relative to each other, or can have stepwise detents. The adjusting roller can be designed as a guide roller and/or as a driving device.  
           [0012]    Particularly for use in the field of food, provision can be made for the chains to be made entirely or partially of plastic. The chains can be made of interlocking links of one-piece design, each having a pin section with two cylindrical pins and a forked receptacle section with holes to receive the pins.  
           [0013]    Each chain link can have a meshing projection which intermeshes positively with a drive wheel.  
           [0014]    Preferably, the chain links have straight top edges or flat top sides, so that they form flat positioning surfaces for objects which are to be transported.  
           [0015]    The design can call for the driver strips to be made in a single piece with a chain link.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]    The invention is explained below on the basis of an implementation example with reference to a drawing in which:  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of a first implementation form of a conveyor apparatus in accordance with the invention, where the individual lines are in a particular configuration;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 2 shows a side view of a section of the conveyor line of a conveyor apparatus in accordance with the invention, where the individual lines are in a different configuration;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 3 shows a side view corresponding to FIG. 2, where the individual lines are in yet another different configuration, and objects (bowls) which are to be transported are shown on the conveyor line;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIGS. 4 and 5 show schematic top views of a conveyor apparatus in accordance with the invention, showing different configurations of the individual lines;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 6 shows a top view of one chain link of an individual line;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 7 shows a side view of the chain link from FIG. 6;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 8 shows a view of the chain link from FIGS. 6 and 7 from below;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 9 shows a side view of a sprocket wheel;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 10 shows a top view of the sprocket wheel from FIG. 9;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 11 shows a side view of a chain link with a driver;  
         [0027]    FIGS.  12  to  15  show top views of chain links which have drivers, with the driver positioned in different locations on the link. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0028]    To explain the basic functioning of a conveyor apparatus in accordance with the invention, we shall refer initially to FIGS.  1  to  5 . FIG. 1 is a schematic top view showing essential elements of a conveyor apparatus, namely a conveyor line  1  which is made up of several individual lines, in the illustrated example eight individual lines  2  to  9 , and an adjusting roller  10  over which the conveyor line  1  runs. In the present example the individual lines  2  to  9 , laid out in parallel, consist of chains; but they could consist alternatively of any flexible non-stretch material—for example straps, belts, toothed belts or steel cables. Drivers M 1  to M 8  are positioned on the individual lines at certain prescribed intervals A. Each driver is designed as a driver strip reaching transversely across all of the individual lines and is affixed to one individual line in a suitable manner. The arrangement is such that in the direction of transport (arrow  12 ) a driver M 1  of the individual line  2  is followed by a driver M 2  of the individual line  3 . In sequence driver M 2  is followed by a driver M 3  of the individual line  4 , followed by a driver M 4  of the individual line  5 , followed by a driver M 8  of the individual line  9 , followed by a driver M 7  of the individual line  8 , followed by a driver M 6  of the individual line  7 , followed finally by a driver M 5  of the individual line  6 . The driver which follows the driver M 5  is again a driver M 1  of the individual line  2 . The arrangement repeats itself as all of the drivers M 1  to M 8  are arranged on the individual lines at prescribed intervals A.  
         [0029]    The adjusting roller  10  is made up of a number of sprocket wheels or chain disks  22  to  29  corresponding to the number of individual lines. Each individual line passes over each sprocket wheel and intermeshes positively with it. These sprocket wheels in turn are mounted on a shaft  30 . In the example shown the shaft  30  is driven, and the sprocket wheels  22  to  29  are connected to the shaft  30  and are locked together by a coupling mechanism (not shown) so that they rotate together. In the uncoupled state, each individual sprocket wheel can rotate relative to the others and to the shaft  30 . Because of the positive-fit intermeshing of the individual lines  2  to  9  and the sprocket wheels  22  to  29  each individual line can be adjusted in the direction of circulation (i.e. in or contrary to the direction of transport  12 ). After an adjustment has been made and the sprocket wheels are again locked in a non-rotating connection to the shaft  30 , the configured setting (mutually relative position) of the individual drivers of conveyor line  1  is unchangeable for the further operation of the conveyor apparatus.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 1 shows an arrangement of the drivers M 1  to M 8  in which the intervals between the drivers M 1  and M 2  are designated with B 1 , the intervals between the drivers M 2  and M 3  with B 2 , the intervals between the drivers M 3  and M 4  with B 3 , the intervals between the drivers M 4  and M 8  with B 4 , the intervals between the drivers M 8  and M 7  with B 5 , the intervals between the drivers M 7  and M 6  with B 6 , the intervals between the drivers M 6  and M 5  with B 7 , and the intervals between the drivers M 5  and M 1  with B 8 . The drivers M 2  to M 8  are spaced at a relatively small distance from each other and a small distance from the driver M 1 , so that the remaining interval B 8  is relatively large. With such an arrangement, seven relatively small objects could be received within the relatively small intervals B 1  to B 7 , while a relatively large object (or several small ones) could be received between the drivers M 5  and M 1 . The depicted arrangement M 1 , M 2  . . . M 1  is repeated periodically over the length of the conveyor line  1 .  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 2 shows a different configuration of the individual line arrangement in accordance with FIG. 1, where the individual lines  3  to  9  with the drivers M 2  to M 8  have been repositioned relative to the individual line  2  so that equal distances B 1  to B 8  between all of the drivers result. An arrangement of this sort is appropriate for receiving eight objects of equal size.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2, showing a configuration for receiving five bowls  15 . 1  to  15 . 5  of equal size. As FIG. 3 shows, the individual line  3  is shifted in such a way that its drivers M 2  are in direct contact with the drivers M 1 . Between the drivers M 2  and M 3  of the individual lines  3  and  4  an interval B 2  is set, between the drivers M 3  and M 4  of the individual lines  4  and  5  a like interval B 3 , between the drivers M 4  and M 8  of the individual lines  5  and  9  a like interval B 4 , and between the drivers M 8  and M 7  of the individual lines  9  and  8  again a like interval B 5 . The individual lines  7  and  6  are adjusted so that their drivers M 6  and M 5  lie close together and against the drivers M 7  of the individual line  8 , resulting in a remaining interval B 8  between the drivers M 5  and M 1 .  
         [0033]    [0033]FIGS. 4 and 5 again illustrate the possibilities for variation on the basis of two different configurations. FIG. 4 shows a top view with equal intervals between all of the drivers, so that positioning surfaces of equal length are formed for objects which are to be transported. The number of positioning surfaces between two consecutive drivers of an individual line corresponds in this case to the number of individual lines, i.e. eight. FIG. 5 shows a different arrangement, where the individual lines have been adjusted in such a way that the pairs of drivers M 1  and M 2 , M 8  and M 7 , and M 6  and M 5  are in contact with each other. That results in three fewer positioning surfaces between two consecutive drivers of an individual line than in FIG. 4, i.e. five positioning surfaces, which in addition are set at different lengths in the example shown. The partitioning of a conveyor line into individual lines which can be adjusted relative to each other, with fixed drivers, thus makes it possible to form positioning surfaces in groups, with the group repeating itself regularly at the interval of the drivers on an individual line. A group of this sort with positioning surfaces is indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2 with the lengths B 1  to B 8 , in FIG. 3 with the lengths B 2  to B 5  and B 8 , and results in a similar manner in FIGS. 4 and 5 from the positioning surfaces between two drivers of the same individual line, for example between two drivers M 1 , two drivers M 2 , etc.  
         [0034]    As can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, the individual drivers M 1  to M 8  act in this case act as pushers; that is, an object which is to be transported, for example a bowl, is not fixed in position by two drivers (one in front of it and one behind relative to the direction of transport), but is merely pushed by one driver. Since there are a total of eight individual lines and thus eight drivers per group, it is possible within the framework of the total length A available for each group (FIGS. 1 and 2) to freely set the number and relative interval C (FIG. 3) of the individual objects within a group.  
         [0035]    On the other hand, if a special implementation is desired in which the objects to be transported are clearly fixed spatially by drivers placed one ahead of and one behind the object relative to the direction of transport, for example when the objects are subjected to relatively strong acceleration (pulse operation), then (at least) twice as many individual lines (or independently adjustable drivers per group) must be present as the number of objects in each intended group. That is, for groups of two objects there must be four individual lines, for a group size of three objects there must be six individual lines, etc. With a design of this sort in accordance with the invention, which has the task of receiving groups of objects consisting of at least two objects, and adjustable in terms of the size of the objects and their relative spacing, the number of individual lines or of drivers per group is four, six or a larger multiple of two, with pushing drivers and those which lie ahead of the respective object in the direction of travel being placed alternately.  
         [0036]    To further illustrate this situation let us refer once again to FIG. 3, which depicts an exemplary arrangement of the eight drivers for transporting five individual objects per group. Here individual drivers (M 1 , M 2 ; M 5 , M 6 , M 7 ) are slid closely together, since only five objects are present in each group. Alternatively, with the eight individual drivers up to eight objects per group can be transported, if all of the drivers are employed as pushers (only one driver per object, placed at the back end of the object as seen in the direction of transport). Alternatively, if individual ones or all of the objects of the group are to be “fixed” with two drivers each, this results in a correspondingly smaller number of objects per group: in the present example four, if all of the objects are transported with their position fixed by two drivers each.  
         [0037]    Because all of the drivers of the individual lines are adjustable simultaneously, independently of each other, the invention makes it possible to set and modify such groups quickly along the entire length of the conveyor line.  
         [0038]    Although the preferred design is for the drivers on all of the individual lines to be spaced at the same intervals, this is not absolutely required. For example, one or more individual lines could have irregularly spaced drivers or smaller intervals between drivers, if this is useful in certain applications.  
         [0039]    As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the individual lines, in the sample implementation shown there, are made of chains, whose link  40  are illustrated in FIGS.  6  to  8  in various views. The link  40  are made in one piece of plastic, which represents a significant advantage especially in the area of foodstuffs in terms of hygiene and cleaning, and have a pin section  41  with two cylindrical pins  42  and a forked receptacle section  43  with two holes  44  to receive the pins. The links can be joined and separated without a tool, and in addition have no moving parts. A top side  45  of the chain link  40  is flat, so that flat positioning surfaces are formed for the objects to be transported, while on an opposing bottom side there are meshing projections  46  which intermesh with a positive fit with the chain sprockets  22  to  29 .  
         [0040]    [0040]FIGS. 9 and 10 show an exemplary illustration of a sprocket wheel  22  which has in internal bore  31  so that it can be placed on the shaft  30 . Rounded-off teeth  33  intermesh positively with the drive projections  46  of the chain link  40  Optionally rotationally-locked or released connection of the sprocket wheels  22  to  29  with the shaft  30  can be achieved for example by pressing the cluster of sprocket wheels together in the axial direction, so that the individual sprocket wheels are frictionally connected with each other by frictional contact of their rubbing flanks  32  and are connected non-rotationally to the shaft  30  by means of a clamping or tensioning device (not shown) which is connected non-rotation-ally to the shaft  30 .  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 11 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 7, showing a chain link  50  which has a driver M; this can be one of the drivers M 1  to M 8  which are visible in FIGS. 2 and 3 on the chain link  40 . It is practical for a conveyor apparatus with eight individual lines to have only four different links with drivers, as shown in top view in FIGS.  12  to  15 . The chain link  50 , which is made in one piece with the driver M, corresponds in other respects to the version in accordance with FIGS.  6  to  8  and is of course compatible with it, so that an individual line shown in FIGS.  1  to  5  can be made with it. FIG. 12 shows an arrangement of the driver which corresponds to the driver M 1  or M 8  in FIGS.  1  to  5 , where the chain link  50  obviously merely needs to be rotated by 180° in order to be suitable for the individual line  2  or  9 . The same is true of the links in FIG. 13 (suitable for conveyor lines  3  or  8 ), in FIG. 14 (suitable for conveyor lines  4  or  7 ) and FIG. 15 (suitable for conveyor lines  5  and  6 ). The desired intervals between the individual drivers of a single line (the length of a “group” of positioning locations on the conveyor line  1 ), which are designated with “A” in FIGS. 1 and 2, is obtained by inserting a suitable number of chain links  40  which have no drivers between each pair of chain links  50  which have drivers. With an arrangement of this sort, the intervals can be changed in steps which correspond to the length of a chain link  40 .