Abstract:
A dispensing means ( 10 ) for delivering a dose of a first liquid into a second liquid is provided, the dispensing means comprising an enclosure ( 12 ) for the first liquid, and valve means ( 16 ), the dispensing means being operable such that raising a level ( 114 ) of a second liquid relative to the dispensing means so as to subject the dispensing means to hydrostatic pressure causes a dose of the first liquid to be displaced from the enclosure ( 12 ) to establish a column ( 118 ) of the first liquid that acts on the valve means, and subsequent lowering of the level ( 114 ) of the second liquid relative to the dispensing means so as to reduce the hydrostatic pressure acting on the valve means ( 16 ) causes the valve means to deliver the dose. Also provided is a valve means ( 16 ) adapted for attachment to an inlet tube and comprising a valve body ( 62 ) and a flexible membrane ( 72 ), which, when attached to an inlet tube ( 22 ) containing a column of a first liquid and immersed in a second liquid, the hydrostatic pressure causes the flexible membrane ( 72 ) to seal the valve body ( 62 ) so as to prevent a flow of the first liquid, and when a level of the second liquid is lowered, the flexible membrane ( 72 ) unseals the valve body ( 62 ) so as to allow a flow of the first liquid through the valve body ( 62 ).

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     This invention relates to dispensing means for delivering a dose of a first liquid into a second liquid, in particular to dispensing means for delivering a dose of a liquid additive into a lavatory cistern, and to valve means suitable for use with such dispensing means.  
       BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     It is well known to place a block containing soluble substances such as surfactants, disinfectants and fragrances in concentrated form in a lavatory cistern, such that some of the substances dissolve in the water in the cistern between flushes and are dispensed upon flushing into the lavatory bowl.  
         [0003]     This method of dispensing the substances into the lavatory bowl has several disadvantages. Firstly, the quantity of the substances that dissolves in the water in the cistern depends on the length of time between flushes, which can vary considerably, and the concentration of the dissolved substances in the water in the cistern can therefore vary considerably from one flush to the next. Secondly, when the lavatory has been flushed, only a small portion of the water from the cistern, and hence only a small portion of the dissolved substances, remains in the bowl, the majority of the dissolved substances therefore being wasted.  
         [0004]     International Patent Application No. PCT/US02/15001 (Publication No. WO 02/092924) in the name of S.C. Johnson &amp; Son, Inc. discloses a dispenser for use in a lavatory cistern. The dispenser has an upper reservoir containing a liquid product, a lower dosing chamber containing a floating shuttle, and a first float-operated valve. In use the liquid product trickles down from the reservoir into the dosing chamber. The first float-operated valve is operable to seal the dosing chamber from the lavatory cistern when the cistern is fall of water. The floating shuttle in the dosing chamber forms part of a second float-operated valve that is also operable to seal the dosing chamber from the cistern. When the lavatory is flushed and the water level in the cistern falls below the level of the first float-operated valve, the first float-operated valve opens to allow a dose of the liquid product to flow from the dosing chamber into the remaining water in the cistern. Once the dosing chamber has emptied, the second float-operated valve seals the dosing chamber from the cistern, so as to prevent leakage of the liquid product from the reservoir through the dosing chamber into the cistern until the cistern refills sufficiently for the first float-operated valve to seal the dosing chamber from the cistern.  
         [0005]     The dose of the liquid product delivered by the known dispenser is invariant with the length of time between flushes, and is delivered into the cistern just as the cistern empties. It is the water that flows into the lavatory bowl just as the cistern empties that remains in the bowl after flushing. Since the dispenser delivers the dose of the liquid product into this water, most of the liquid product delivered by the dispenser therefore remains in the lavatory bowl after flushing.  
         [0006]     On the face of it, the known dispenser therefore appears to have overcome the disadvantages of the known method of dispensing substances into a lavatory bowl.  
         [0007]     It is an object of the invention to provide dispensing means that overcomes the disadvantages of the known method of dispensing substances into a lavatory bowl and which is of simpler construction, and hence cheaper to manufacture, than the known dispenser.  
         [0008]     While the dispensing means of the invention has been devised to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of the known method of dispensing substances into a lavatory bowl, it is thought that the dispensing means is suitable for other applications in which it is required to dispense a dose of a first liquid into a second liquid.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0009]     According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided dispensing means for delivering a dose of a first liquid into a second liquid, the dispensing means comprising an enclosure and valve means connected to the enclosure, wherein the dispensing means is operable such that, when the enclosure contains a first liquid, raising a level of a second liquid relative to the dispensing means so as to subject the enclosure and valve means to hydrostatic pressure causes a dose of the first liquid to be displaced from the enclosure to establish a column of the first liquid that acts on the valve means and thereby increase the potential energy of the valve means, and subsequent lowering of the level of the second liquid relative to the dispensing means so as to reduce the hydrostatic pressure acting on the valve means causes the valve means to deliver the dose by release of the potential energy.  
         [0010]     The invention therefore provides a dispensing means that is of simpler construction, having only one valve means, than the known dispenser.  
         [0011]     The term “liquid” is intended to encompass solutions, suspensions and gels.  
         [0012]     Preferably the dispensing means is adapted to dispense a plurality of individual doses in succession, one dose being delivered at each lowering of the level of the second liquid as a container in which the dispensing means is placed is repeatedly filled with, and emptied of, the second liquid.  
         [0013]     The dispensing means may therefore advantageously be provided with support means for supporting the dispensing means in a container that is repeatedly filled with, and emptied of, the second liquid, and in preferred embodiments the dispensing means is for placing in a lavatory cistern, the first liquid then being a suitable additive to the water (forming the second liquid) being flushed into the lavatory bowl.  
         [0014]     Preferably the support means is a hanger to support the dispensing means from a lip of the container.  
         [0015]     The enclosure may advantageously comprise an otherwise substantially rigid vessel that has a flexible portion, which, when subjected to hydrostatic pressure, is deformable so as to displace a dose of a first liquid contained in the vessel from the vessel.  
         [0016]     Preferably, however, the enclosure comprises a flexible sachet, which, when subjected to hydrostatic pressure, is deformable so as to displace a dose of a first liquid contained in the sachet from the sachet.  
         [0017]     Such a flexible sachet allows for a very compact construction of the dispensing means, which in turn allows the dispensing means to be used in a wide variety of cisterns of different sizes.  
         [0018]     The flexible sachet may advantageously be provided with at least one, and preferably two, rigid members adapted to prevent pockets of the first liquid from forming in the sachet as doses of the first liquid are displaced from the sachet.  
         [0019]     Preferably the at least one rigid member is formed from a material that has a density greater than that of the second liquid, so as to reduce any tendency for the dispensing means to float in the second liquid.  
         [0020]     The dispensing means may advantageously further comprise a vent chamber assembly operable to vent displaced air from the dispensing means as the column of the first liquid is established.  
         [0021]     Preferably the vent chamber assembly comprises a vent chamber and first and second tubes, the vent chamber being connected to the enclosure by the first tube and to the valve means by the second tube.  
         [0022]     Preferably the dispensing means is operable such that the column of the first liquid is established in the second tube.  
         [0023]     Preferably the second tube is provided with capillary means operable to draw the first liquid along the second tube so as to accelerate the establishment of the column of the first liquid.  
         [0024]     The capillary means may advantageously comprise a wick, lumenous rod and/or rod with a plurality of fine longitudinal grooves formed on its external surface, the wick or rod being operable to draw the first liquid along the second tube.  
         [0025]     Preferably, however, the capillary means comprises a plurality of fine longitudinal grooves formed on the internal surface of the second tube. Such an arrangement has been found to be particularly advantageous because it allows air to be displaced along a central region of the tube as the first liquid is drawn along the internal surface, thus reducing any tendency for airlocks to form in the tube, which might otherwise slow the establishment of the column of the first liquid.  
         [0026]     The valve means may advantageously comprise first and second flexible valve members joined so as to form a pocket, and biasing means operable to apply a tensile force to the first and second valve members so as to close the pocket to prevent a flow of the second liquid into the pocket, the valve means being operable such that hydrostatic pressure exerted on the exterior of the valve means by the second liquid tends to prevent a flow of the first liquid from the pocket.  
         [0027]     Preferably, however, the valve means comprises a valve body and a flexible membrane, the valve body having inlet and outlet channels between which flow of the first liquid is controlled by the flexible membrane, the valve means being operable such that hydrostatic pressure exerted on the exterior of the valve means by the second liquid tends to cause the flexible membrane to prevent flow of the first liquid between the inlet and outlet channels.  
         [0028]     The valve means described above operate by flexure of one or more of their components, as opposed to the sliding movement of the floating valve members of the known dispenser. The valve means of the present invention are believed to be of simpler construction, cheaper to manufacture and less likely to jam than the float-operated valves of the known dispenser.  
         [0029]     Moreover, because the valve means of the present invention are operated by hydrostatic pressure, as contrasted with the float-operated valves of the known dispenser, the dispensing means of the invention do not require any adjustment to ensure that the level of the second liquid drops below the valve means. A mere lowering of the level of the second liquid relative to the valve means will suffice, which is not the case with the known dispenser.  
         [0030]     According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided valve means for controlling a flow of a first liquid, the valve means being adapted for attachment to an inlet tube and comprising a valve body and a flexible membrane, the valve means being operable such that, when attached to an inlet tube containing a column of a first liquid and immersed in a second liquid so as to subject the valve means to hydrostatic pressure, the hydrostatic pressure causes the flexible membrane to seal the valve body so as to prevent a flow of the first liquid through the valve body, and when a level of the second liquid is lowered relative to the valve means so as to reduce the hydrostatic pressure, the flexible membrane unseals the valve body so as to allow a flow of the first liquid through the valve body.  
         [0031]     The invention therefore provides a valve means that is of simpler construction, and more versatile in use, than the float-operated valves of the known dispenser, because the valve means of the invention requires a level of a second liquid in which the valve means is immersed only to be lowered relative to the valve means, rather than lowered to a level below the valve means, as is required by the float-operated valves of the known dispenser.  
         [0032]     Preferably the valve body is formed with an inlet channel and an outlet channel, the flexible membrane being operable, when subjected to hydrostatic pressure due to immersion of the valve means in the second liquid, to prevent flow of the first liquid from the inlet channel to the outlet channel.  
         [0033]     In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the valve body is so configured that, in use, a first end of the outlet channel through which the first liquid enters the outlet channel is lower than a second end of the outlet channel through which the first liquid exits the outlet channel, such that when the valve means is subjected to hydrostatic pressure, the hydrostatic pressure acting at the first end of the outlet channel is greater than that acting at the second end of the outlet channel.  
         [0034]     In this way, when the valve means is immersed in the second liquid, in its intended orientation, the hydrostatic pressure acting to cause the flexible membrane to seal the valve body is always greater than the hydrostatic pressure acting to force the second liquid into the valve body, and the second liquid is therefore prevented from entering the valve body. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0035]     Embodiments of the invention in the form of dispensing means for delivering a dose of a liquid additive into a lavatory cistern, and valve means suitable for use with such dispensing means will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the attached drawing figures, in which:  
         [0036]      FIG. 1  is a schematic sectional front view of a dispensing means in accordance with the first aspect of the invention;  
         [0037]      FIGS. 2 and 3  are sectional front and side views, respectively, of the enclosure of the dispensing means of  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0038]      FIGS. 4 and 5  are a sectional side view and a view from above, respectively, of an alternative enclosure to that shown in FIGS.  1  to  3 ;  
         [0039]      FIG. 6  is a sectional front view of the vent means of the dispensing means of  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0040]      FIG. 7  is a schematic sectional view of the outlet tube of the vent means of  FIG. 6 ;  
         [0041]      FIGS. 8 and 9  are sectional front and side views of the valve means of the dispensing means of  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0042]      FIGS. 10 and 11  are a sectional side view and a view from below, respectively, of an alternative valve means to that shown in  FIGS. 1, 8  and  9 ;  
         [0043]      FIGS. 12 and 13  are sectional front and side views, respectively, of the enclosure of FIGS.  1  to  3  modified by the addition of a hook for supporting the dispensing means;  
         [0044]      FIGS. 14 and 15  are perspective side and front views, respectively, of the hook of  FIGS. 12 and 13  modified by the addition of a tap for controlling a flow of a liquid product from the enclosure of the dispensing means;  
         [0045]      FIG. 16  is a detail of  FIG. 14  to illustrate the tap;  
         [0046]      FIG. 17  is a perspective front view of the hook and tap of  FIGS. 14 and 15  attached to the enclosure of FIGS.  1  to  3 ;  
         [0047]     FIGS.  18  to  22  are schematic sectional views of the dispensing means of  FIG. 1  placed in a lavatory cistern at various stages as the cistern is filled with, then emptied of, water; and  
         [0048]     FIGS.  23  to  28  are sectional front and side views of the valve means of the dispensing means of  FIG. 1  placed in a lavatory cistern at various stages as the cistern is filled with, then emptied of, water. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS  
       [0049]     The dispensing means of  FIG. 1  is in the form of a dispenser  10  comprising a polyethylene enclosure indicated generally by reference numeral  12 , a polypropylene vent chamber assembly indicated generally by reference numeral  14  and a valve indicated generally by reference numeral  16 . The vent chamber assembly  14  consists of a vent chamber  18 , which is provided with a liquid inlet tube  20 , a liquid outlet tube  22 , and a breather tube  24 . The liquid inlet tube  20  connects the enclosure  12  to the vent chamber  18  and the liquid outlet tube  22  connects the valve  16  to the vent chamber  18 . The breather tube  24  simply vents the vent chamber.  
         [0050]     The enclosure is filled with a fragranced surfactant solution (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) but could equally well be filled with one or more of a dye and bleaching or descaling solution.  20  and from the liquid outlet tube  22  during operation of the dispenser. In use, the dispensing means is immersed in the water in a lavatory cistern, oriented as shown in  FIG. 1 , with the vent chamber assembly  14  above the enclosure  12  and valve means  16 .  
         [0051]     Turning to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the enclosure  12  comprises a generally circular polyethylene sachet to either side of which a rigid circular nylon  66  disc  26  is attached. Nylon  66  is used because it has a greater density than water, and the discs  26  therefore help to counteract any tendency of the dispenser to float in water in which it is placed. The sachet is formed from two flexible generally circular sheets  28  that are joined at their margins by a welded seam  30 . Each sheet is formed with a radially outwardly projecting portion that, when welded to the corresponding portion of the other moulding, forms a neck  32  of the sachet. The welding operation that forms the sachet also bonds an end of the liquid inlet tube  20  into the neck  32  of the sachet so as to form a seal between the liquid intlet tube  20  and the sachet.  
         [0052]     The rigid discs  26  are bonded to the external surface of each sheet  28 . During manufacture of the dispenser the sachet is filled with the fragranced surfactant solution through the liquid inlet tube  20  after the welding operation has taken place. Filling the sachet causes the sheets  28  to be forced away from one another. In use, the sachet is subjected to hydrostatic pressure by immersion in water in a lavatory cistern, which pressure causes the sheets  28  to be forced towards one another, so as to expel the fragranced surfactant solution from the sachet through the neck  32  and liquid inlet tube  20 . The rigid discs  26  ensure that, when the sachet has been nearly emptied of the fragranced surfactant solution, the remaining solution is prevented from forming pockets in the sachet, but is forced out of the neck  32 .  
         [0053]     Turning to  FIG. 6 , the vent chamber  18  comprises a cylindrical polypropylene box indicated generally by reference numeral  52 . The bottom  54  of the box is provided with two holes into which the liquid inlet tube  20  and liquid outlet tube  22  are sealed. A lid  56  is bonded to the wall  58  of the box, the lid  56  being provided with a hole into which the breather tube  24  is sealed.  
         [0054]     The liquid inlet and breather tubes  20  and  24  are plain 1.5 mm diameter polypropylene tubes, although the breather tube  24  is formed with an inverted U-bend so that the free end  60  of the tube points downwards to form an airlock so that water in which the dispenser is immersed is prevented from entering the vent chamber  18 .  
         [0055]     The liquid outlet tube  22  is a 1.5 mm diameter extruded polypropylene tube that has a large number of very frame longitudinal grooves in its internal surface. Turning briefly to  FIG. 7 , this is a schematic cross-section, denoted generally by reference numeral  59 , of the liquid outlet tube  22 , showing some of the very fine longitudinal grooves in the internal surface of the tube, which are denoted generally by reference numeral  60 . The grooves  60  have a capillary effect such that when the fragranced surfactant solution is forced into the vent chamber  18  from the liquid inlet tube  20 , as soon as the solution reaches the liquid outlet tube  22  it is drawn along the tube by the grooves  60 , so as to establish a column of the solution in the liquid outlet tube  22 . This has the advantage that the flow of the solution along the liquid outlet tube  22  occurs substantially along the internal surface of the tube, which allows air to be displaced from the tube up the middle of the tube as the column of the solution forms, thus preventing airlocks in the tube that might otherwise occur.  
         [0056]     Moreover, because the internal diameter of the vent chamber  18  is much larger than that of the liquid inlet tube  20 , once the solution starts to enter the vent chamber the level of the solution in the vent chamber does not start to rise significantly until the column of the solution in the liquid outlet tube has reached the vent chamber, which also helps to prevent airlocks that might otherwise hinder the filling of the liquid outlet tube.  
         [0057]     Turning next to  FIGS. 8 and 9 ; the valve  16  comprises a moulded polypropylene valve body  62 , in which are formed liquid inlet and outlet channels  64  and  66  respectively. The inlet channel  64  consists of a vertical portion comprising a vertical circular passage that runs from the upper surface of the valve body  62  to its intersection with a horizontal portion comprising a horizontal circular passage that runs from the surface of a first side  63  of the valve body. The liquid outlet tube  22  is sealed into the vertical portion of the inlet channel  64 .  
         [0058]     The outlet channel  66  also has a vertical portion  67  comprising a vertical circular passage that intersects at its upper end with an upper horizontal portion comprising a horizontal circular passage that runs from the surface of a second side  65  opposite to the first side  63  of the valve body. The vertical portion of the outlet channel  66  intersects at its lower end with a lower horizontal portion comprising a horizontal circular passage that runs from the surface of the first side  63  of the valve body. The vertical portion  67  of the outlet channel  66  is formed by sealing a blanking plug  68  into a lower portion of a vertical circular passage that runs from the lower surface of the valve body to meet the upper horizontal portion of the outlet channel  66 , so as to block the vertical circular passage from the lower surface of the valve body to the intersection with the lower horizontal portion of the outlet channel  66 .  
         [0059]     A downwardly directed nozzle  70  is sealed into the upper horizontal portion of the outlet channel  66  and serves, provided that the fragranced surfactant solution has a density greater than that of water, which will generally be the case, to create an airlock between water in a cistern in which the dispenser is placed and the solution in the outlet channel  66  of the valve.  
         [0060]     A flexible metallised polyethylene membrane  72  is welded to the periphery of the first side  63  of the valve body to form a continuous seam  74 , so as to seal the openings in the first side  63  of the inlet and outlet channels  64  and  66  from water in a lavatory cistern in which the dispenser is placed. The membrane  72  is stretched slightly before it is welded to the valve body, the resulting tension of the membrane keeping the membrane in engagement with the first side  63  of the valve body so as to prevent flow of the solution from the opening of the inlet channel  64  to the opening of the outlet channel  66 .  
         [0061]     In  FIG. 8  the inlet channel  64 , outlet channel  66  and the portion  76  of the liquid outlet tube  22  that is sealed into the inlet channel  64 , all of which would normally be hidden by the membrane  72 , are shown in broken line.  
         [0062]     FIGS.  18  to  22  show the operation of the dispenser  10  that has been suspended in a lavatory cistern (not shown) just above the bottom  112  of the cistern during the course of a filling and flushing cycle.  
         [0063]     In  FIG. 18  the cistern has been flushed and is refilling. As the water level  114  rises relative to the dispenser, the enclosure  12  and valve  16  are subjected to hydrostatic pressure. The hydrostatic pressure acting on the enclosure compresses the enclosure and drives out any air that has been drawn into the enclosure. Air driven out of the enclosure  12  escapes up the liquid inlet tube  20 , through the vent chamber  18  and out of the breather tube  24 . By the time the water level reaches the top of the enclosure, there is no air remaining in the enclosure, which is completely filled by the fragranced surfactant solution. As the water level rises above the top of the enclosure, the hydrostatic pressure acting on the enclosure forces the solution out of the enclosure into the liquid inlet tube  20 .  
         [0064]     The level of the solution rises in the liquid inlet tube  20  approximately in step with the water level in the cistern, the differences in the levels being determined by the density of the solution. As can be seen in  FIG. 18 , the water level and the level of the solution in the liquid inlet tube  20  is just below the vent chamber  18 . The inlet and outlet channels of the valve  16  are filled with the solution and a small amount of the solution remains in the bottom of the liquid outlet tube  22 .  
         [0065]     In  FIG. 19  the water level and the level of the solution in the liquid inlet tube  20  have reached the vent chamber  18 . Any of the solution that enters the vent chamber  18  is drawn down the grooves of the liquid outlet tube  22  and a column of the solution forms very quickly in the liquid outlet tube. The solution is drawn into the liquid outlet tube so quickly that the level of the solution in the vent chamber  18  rises very little until the liquid outlet tube is filled with the solution. Air displaced from the liquid outlet tube by the solution escapes up the centre of the liquid outlet tube as the solution is drawn down the internal surface of the liquid outlet tube, through the vent chamber  18  and out of the breather tube  24 .  
         [0066]     In  FIG. 20  the cistern has finished filling and the liquid inlet tube  20 , vent chamber  18  and liquid outlet tube  22  are filled with the solution. The level of the solution has risen to a level denoted by reference numeral  116  that is approximately equal to the level of the free end of the breather tube  24 . The hydrostatic pressure of the water acting on the membrane of the valve  16  is equal to the hydrostatic pressure of the column  118  of the solution in the liquid outlet tube  22  acting on the membrane, which therefore remains in close engagement with the valve body, preventing a flow of the solution from the inlet channel to the outlet channel.  
         [0067]      FIG. 21  shows the dispenser  10  during flushing of the cistern. Once the water level in the cistern has fallen to the level of the solution in the breather tube  24 , so as to expose the free end of the breather tube to the air, the level of the solution in the breather tube  24 , vent chamber  18 , and liquid inlet tube  20  falls approximately apace with the water level in the cistern. In  FIG. 21  the water level  114  is at the level of the neck of the enclosure  12 . It can be seen that the level of the solution in the liquid outlet tube  22  has not fallen, because although the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of the solution in the liquid outlet tube on the membrane of the valve is greater than that exerted by the water on the membrane, a minimum difference of pressure is required to deform the membrane sufficiently to enable solution to flow between the membrane and the valve body from the inlet channel to the outlet channel.  
         [0068]     Once the minimum required difference of pressure is obtained by means of the falling water level, the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of the solution in the liquid outlet tube deforms the membrane of the valve sufficiently for the solution to flow from the inlet channel of the valve to the outlet channel and into the cistern. The flow of the solution from the valve continues until the hydrostatic pressure of the remaining column of the solution in the liquid outlet tube is insufficient to deform the membrane, whereupon the membrane returns to engagement with the valve body, interrupting the flow of the solution from the inlet channel of the valve to the outlet channel.  
         [0069]     This is the situation shown in  FIG. 22 , in which the water level  114  in the cistern has fallen to the bottom of the valve. It can be seen from  FIG. 22  that, even at the end of a flush cycle, the inlet channel and outlet channel of the valve are filled with the solution.  
         [0070]     FIGS.  23  to  28  show the operation of the valve  16  during a cycle of filling and flushing of the cistern (not shown), the bottom of which is designated by reference numeral  116 . In  FIGS. 23 and 24  the cistern is filling after being flushed, the water level  118  not yet having reached the vent chamber and the liquid outlet tube  22  therefore only containing a small quantity of the solution. It is important that the nozzle  70  of the valve is at a higher level than the opening in the first side of the valve body of the liquid outlet channel. This difference in level ensures that, during the filling of the cistern, while the water level is above the valve but below the vent chamber, so that the solution has not yet started to flow into the liquid outlet tube  22 , the hydrostatic pressure (denoted in  FIG. 24  by reference numeral  120 ) acting on the membrane due to the water and tending to maintain the membrane in engagement with the valve body is always greater than the hydrostatic pressure (denoted in  FIG. 24  by reference numeral  122 ) acting at the nozzle  70  and tending to force water into the valve, so that water is prevented from entering the valve.  
         [0071]     In  FIGS. 25 and 26  the valve is submerged and the liquid outlet tube  22  is filled with the solution. As explained in relation to  FIGS. 23 and 24 , the fact that the level of the solution in the liquid outlet tube  22  may be lower than the water level in the cistern, water is nevertheless prevented from entering the valve by the arrangement of the nozzle  70  above the opening in the valve body of the outlet channel  66 .  
         [0072]     Turning to  FIGS. 27 and 28 , these show the operation of the valve as the cistern empties during flushing. As explained above, when the water level has fallen sufficiently for the difference between the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water on the membrane of the valve and the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of the solution in the liquid outlet tube  22  to deform the membrane, the solution flows between the membrane and the first side of the valve body from the opening of the inlet channel in the first side of the valve body to the opening of the outlet channel in the first side of the valve body. The flow of the solution from the liquid outlet tube  22  to the nozzle  70  continues until the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the membrane by the remaining column of the solution in the liquid outlet tube  22  is insufficient to maintain the deformation of the membrane, whereafter the membrane resumes its undeformed shape and prevents further flow of the solution through the valve.  
         [0073]     Turning next to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , these show an alternative enclosure, indicated generally by reference numeral  34 . The alternative enclosure comprises a rigid polypropylene cylinder  36  that has a domed upper end  38  into which a liquid inlet tube  40  is bonded. The cylinder  36  is open at its lower end and has a flexible polyethylene sock  42  bonded to the lower end of its internal surface by a continuous welded seam  44 . An enclosure is formed between the internal surface of the cylinder  36 , the external surface of the sock  42  and the continuous welded seam  44 . During manufacture of a dispenser that incorporates the alternative enclosure, the alternative enclosure is filled with a fragranced surfactant solution through the liquid inlet tube  40 , which forces the closed end of the sock  42  from the upper end of the cylinder  36  towards the lower end of the cylinder. When the dispenser is subjected to hydrostatic pressure, the closed end of the sock  42  is forced from the lower end of the cylinder  36  towards the upper end of the cylinder, expelling the fragranced surfactant solution from the cylinder through the liquid inlet tube  40 .  
         [0074]     The lower end of the cylinder  36  is fitted with a circular plug comprising a lower disc  46  and an upper disc  48 , the lower and upper discs being attached to one another and separated by a small distance by pegs. The upper disc  48  has a central hole  50  such that when the lower disc rests upon the bottom of a lavatory cistern, water can enter the cylinder  36  between the upper and lower discs and through the hole  50  in the upper disc, so as to subject the sock  42  to hydrostatic pressure and cause the fragranced surfactant solution to be expelled from upper end of the cylinder through the liquid inlet tube  40 .  
         [0075]      FIGS. 10 and 11  show an alternative valve denoted generally by reference numeral  78 . The valve  78  comprises a generally triangular envelope formed from first and second generally triangular polyethylene sheets  80  and  82  that are welded along two of each of their sides so as to form first and second seams  84  and  86 , respectively, and a polypropylene spring member  88 .  
         [0076]     The liquid outlet tube  90  is sealed into the apex  97  of the envelope by the welding process where the first and second seams  84  and  86  meet. The two other apices of the envelope, which border the open side of the envelope, are crimped so as to form lugs  93  and  95 . The spring member  88  is bowed and the ends of the spring member are provided with slots that end in toggles  89  and  91 . The centre portion of the spring member is formed with a circular hole  92  so that the spring member can be placed over the liquid outlet tube  90  with the liquid outlet tube accommodated in the hole  92 .  
         [0077]     When the valve is assembled, the liquid outlet tube  90  and envelope are introduced into the spring member so that the tube  90  is accommodated in the hole  92 . The ends of the spring member are bent towards one another to enable each end of the open side of the envelope to be introduced into a respective slot at each end of the spring member, so that the lugs are outside the region enclosed by the spring member. The ends of the spring member are released and move away from one another to engage with the lugs  93  and  95 . The ends of the spring are prevented from sliding over the lugs by the toggles  89  and  91 . The spring member therefore maintains a tension in the open side of the envelope, which tension causes the open edges of the sheets  80  and  82  to be drawn together.  
         [0078]     When a column of the solution is present in the liquid outlet tube  90 , and the valve  78  is immersed in water, provided that the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the envelope by the water is greater than the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of the solution, the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water will tend to maintain the open edges of the sheets  80  and  82  in contact with one another, thus preventing water from entering the valve and the solution from leaving the valve. When the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the envelope by the water is less than the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of the solution, as will happen if a lavatory cistern in which the dispenser has been placed is flushed, the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of the solution will tend to part the open edges of the sheets  80  and  82 , allowing the solution to leave the valve.  
         [0079]     Turning to  FIGS. 12 and 13 , these show a modification of the enclosure  12 , in which a nylon  66  hanger  96  has been bonded to the enclosure adjacent to the neck  32  of the enclosure. Nylon  66  is used for the hanger because it has a greater density than water, and the hanger therefore helps to counteract any tendency of the dispenser to float in water in which it is suspended. The hanger  96  has a curved hook  98  at its upper end that is shaped so as to enable the dispenser to be suspended from a lip of a wall of a lavatory cistern. The hanger is forked at its lower end, one tine being denoted in  FIG. 12  by reference numeral  100 . The forked lower end of the hanger  96  enables the neck  32  and liquid inlet tube  20  to be accommodated within the hanger.  
         [0080]     Although not shown in  FIGS. 12 and 13 , the hanger  96  is provided with a simple adjustable ratchet mechanism to enable the length of the hanger to be adjusted to suit different sizes of lavatory cisterns. This is desirable because for the most effective use of the dispenser, the dispenser should be arranged to be as close to the bottom of the cistern as possible, so as to mininise the volume of water in the cistern into which the fragranced surfactant solution is dispensed when the lavatory is flushed.  
         [0081]     Turning finally to  FIGS. 14, 15 ,  16  and  17 , these show an optional modification of the hanger  96  of  FIGS. 12 and 13 . The tines of the lower end of the hanger are bridged by a web  102  that has first and second bearings  104  and  106  that have circular holes. The hole in the first bearing  104  is denoted in  FIG. 14  by reference numeral  107 . The first and second bearings carry a shaft  108  that is elliptical in cross-section, the major diameter of the shaft being just less than the diameter of the holes in the bearings  104  and  106 . One end of the shaft  108  is provided with a tab  110  to facilitate turning of the shaft by hand.  
         [0082]     As can be seen from  FIG. 16 , when the shaft is oriented with the major diameter of the shaft parallel to the tine  100 , a small gap exists between the web  102 , bearings  104  and  106  and shaft  108 . When the shaft is oriented with the major diameter of the shaft perpendicular to the tine  100 , the gap is closed. To assemble the hanger  96  and enclosure  12 , the shaft  108  is removed from the bearings  104  and  106 , the neck  32  of the enclosure is laid between the bearings and, with the major diameter of the shaft  108  parallel to the tine  100 , the shaft is inserted into the bearings. The neck of the enclosure becomes deeper where the liquid inlet tube  20  is joined to the enclosure, which, in addition to the bonding of the hanger to the enclosure, prevents the enclosure from being detached from the hanger. With the major diameter of the shaft  108  parallel to the tine  100 , as shown in FIGS.  14  to  16 , the solution can flow from the enclosure into the liquid inlet tube  20 . If the shaft is rotated by a quarter turn, however, so that the major diameter of the shaft  108  is perpendicular to the tine  100 , the neck of the enclosure is constricted, preventing the solution from leaving the enclosure. This enables the enclosure to be sealed to prevent leakage or deterioration of the solution before use of the dispenser, but allows the enclosure to be unsealed quickly and simply in preparation for use.  
         [0083]     It will be apparent that the above description relates only to selected embodiments of the invention, and that the invention encompasses other embodiments as defined by the foregoing statements of the invention.