Abstract:
A method of making a cutting tool includes disposing a mandrel in a form; disposing at least one watercourse insert between the form and the mandrel; placing a matrix material in the form and about the mandrel.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of an earlier filing date from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/940,520, filed May 29, 2007 and Non Provisional application Ser. No. 12/108,902 filed on Apr. 28, 2008, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Subsurface operations in many industries require the use of cutting tools to drill or mill (or similar) through earthen formations or in some cases through man-made additions to those formations such as concrete. Such cutting tools and their manufacture are generally machining intensive thereby making them relatively expensive to produce. Machining is required because upsets are usually desirable with respect to such cutting tools to allow cuttings to move out of the immediate location of abrasive or cutting action, usually under the influence of a cutting fluid. In order to create such upsets, a generally accepted and ubiquitously used method is to start with a larger blank material and machine away excess material. Such excess material becomes scrap and is therefore a material cost over and above the cost of machining the material in the first place. 
         [0003]    In order to complete the manufacture of the cutting tools it is common practice to bond a high strength metal alloy material to the surface of a machined base material. This process requires a substantial amount of heat that regularly produces small cracks in the base material during the process. Cracks are problematic, as they often need to be addressed in a process that unfortunately also requires a substantial amount of heat. And further, while every effort is made to identify and address cracks in specific tools, some inevitably get through the screening process leading to breakage when put to use. 
         [0004]    In view of the foregoing, the art will well receive improved technology with respect to cutting tools production and durability. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    A method of making a cutting tool includes disposing a mandrel in a form; disposing at least one watercourse insert between the form and the mandrel; placing a matrix material in the form and about the mandrel. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]    Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several Figures: 
           [0007]      FIG. 1  is a schematic cross sectional view of a cutting tool during a manufacturing stage; 
           [0008]      FIG. 2  is an end view of the cutting tool prior to withdrawal of all forms; 
           [0009]      FIG. 3  is another end view of the embodiment of  FIG. 1  with all forms removed, the cutting tool being ready for use; 
           [0010]      FIG. 4  is a schematic cross sectional view of another embodiment of a cutting tool during a manufacturing stage; 
           [0011]      FIG. 5  is an end view of the cutting tool prior to withdrawal of all forms; 
           [0012]      FIG. 6  is a side elevation view of the illustration of  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0013]      FIG. 7  is another end view of the embodiment of  FIG. 4  with all forms removed, the cutting tool being ready for use; 
           [0014]      FIG. 8  is a side elevation view of the illustration of  FIG. 7 ; and 
           [0015]      FIG. 9  is a schematic side elevation view of a reaming tool created in accordance with the teaching herein. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a cutting tool  10  is illustrated during a process of making the same. The tool comprises a mandrel  12  having a flow passageway  14  therein, the flow passageway  14  being fluidly connected to a plurality of flow channels  16  illustrated in one of a number of possible configurations, the purpose of which is to supply cutting fluid to a target area during a cutting operation. The mandrel is illustrated disposed in a form  18  that is designed to contain a castable milling matrix  20  relative to the mandrel  12  to allow such a milling matrix  20  to be deposited at the mandrel in such a way as to bond therewith during the curing of the matrix  20 . The matrix itself is a composition that does not require substantial heat to cure and in any event will not require heat sufficient to produce cracking of the base material of the mandrel  12 . Stated alternatively, the matrix is a hardenable material that is applyable and hardenable at a temperate less than a temperature at which the mandrel is likely to develop heat related cracks. This can be a cold process or a relatively mild exothermic process, for example. 
         [0017]    In one embodiment the matrix comprises a polymeric composition having an embedded cutting material, which is one or more hard particulate materials such as Tungsten carbide, Cubic Boron Nitride, Diamond, Silicone carbide and combinations including at least one of the foregoing and other similar materials mixed therein before the matrix is cured. The mixture in one embodiment will be homogenous while in other embodiments; the cutting materials mixed into the matrix may be concentrated in certain areas to affect mechanical properties (strength, wear resistance, wear pattern, etc.) of the cutting tool. One embodiment utilizes a matrix material that is proprietary to and commercially available from Protech Centerform Inc, Houston, Texas. 
         [0018]    Again referring to  FIG. 1 , further illustrated are additional molding features to optimize function of the finished tool  10 . These include removable watercourse inserts  22  and  24 , and removable channel extension inserts  26 . Together these inserts work to create a particular shape of the matrix  20  and channel extensions  28  for the conveyance of fluid applied through channels  16  through the matrix  20  and to a cutting tool-target surface interface (not specifically shown). The shapes created include watercourses  32  that provide for fluid exit route from the interface, that fluid having been provided to the interface through the mandrel  12  via channels  16  and channel extensions  28 . The watercourses also provide an exit for cuttings that are entrained with the exiting fluid; the reason (along with lubrication) for the fluid in the first place. Watercourse  24  has for its purpose to provide a fluid exit for the central one or more channel extensions  28  (one shown). It is difficult to see in the end views but can be seen in  FIG. 1 . It will be sufficient for enablement or on of ordinary skill in the art to indicate that the watercourse (at least one, and maybe more) must intersect any central channel extensions  28  to provide for fluid conveyance. 
         [0019]    Referring to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , end views in sequential conditions are illustrated with  FIG. 2  illustrating appearance after removal of the tool  10  from the form  18  but before removal of the watercourse inserts  22  and the extension inserts  26 .  FIG. 3  conversely is the same view with these structures removed. 
         [0020]    Referring now to  FIGS. 4-8 , an alternate embodiment cutting tool  110  is illustrated. This embodiment is directed to a hollow rotary shoe mandrel  112  configured with a matrix  120  of the same material as in the foregoing embodiment but in a different physical configuration appropriate to the hollow rotary mandrel  112 . Similarly to the foregoing embodiment, the tool is constructed using a form  118  and a set of watercourse inserts  122  and  124 . Channels and channel extensions are not employed in this embodiment so that channel extension inserts are not needed. The hollow rotary shoe includes, in one embodiment, four projections  140 , identifiable in  FIGS. 7 and 8 . These projections operate to anchor the matrix  20  to the mandrel  112 . It will be appreciated that watercourse inserts  122  are in this embodiment aligned with the projections  140 . In other embodiments hereof they need not necessarily be aligned with the projections  140  nor is there necessarily a set of four of them. More or fewer watercourses are possible with a practical limit being related to the strength of the matrix material between adjacent watercourses. Where the matrix material becomes thin due to a large number of watercourses, the strength of the matrix in that location will naturally be reduced. In this embodiment, and due to the open nature of the mandrel  112  a plug  142  is placed into a cutting end of the mandrel  112  and configure for removal after curing or hardening of the matrix  120 .  FIGS. 5 and 6  provide an understanding of stages of preparation of the cutting tool  110 , with  FIG. 7  illustrating the tool  110  in condition for use. 
         [0021]    Referring to  FIG. 9 , a schematic cross sectional view of another embodiment of a cutting tool  210  is illustrated. The cutting tool  210  in this embodiment is different from the foregoing embodiments in that it occurs not at the end of a mandrel but somewhere along the length of a mandrel  212 . This however is the only distinction between this embodiment and those foregoing. In all other respects they are the same, utilizing the same matrix material, hard particulate matter and appropriate inserts to provide for water courses and channel extensions where needed. 
         [0022]    While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustrations and not limitation.