Abstract:
The prepay telecommunications system ( 60 ) includes a prepay call, management, platform ( 50 ) which is directly coupled to a telecommunications carrier switch ( 24 ). A customer database ( 116 ) is coupled to the prepay call management platform ( 50 ) for storing prepay customer data, and a plurality of customer interface facilities ( 62, 64, 66, 68, 80 ) are provided for accepting customer prepayment and immediately updating the customer database ( 116 ). The prepay calls are recognized by the mobile identification number and is routed to the prepay call management platform ( 50 ) coupled to and co-located with the telecommunications carrier switch ( 24 ). The customer account balance associated with the prepay call is looked up in a customer database ( 116 ), and the maximum allowable call duration in response to the customer account balance is computed. The prepay call is then released to the telecommunications carrier switch ( 24 ) for line termination. At the same time, a call duration timer is started. The call is disconnected in response to the call duration timer reaching the maximum allowable call duration. The prepay telecommunications system is applicable to both wireless and non-wireless telecommunications systems.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/793,064, filed Feb. 26, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,625,438, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/399,915, filed Sep. 21, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,208,851 (issued Mar. 27, 2001), which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/794,463, filed Feb. 4, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,058,300 (issued May 2, 2000). 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The world of wireless telecommunications is entering a new era with the advent of personal communications services (PCS). The constant trend toward lower and lower subscriber acquisition costs and higher market penetration is creating a demand for more effective ways to offer the wireless service to broader segments of the population. However, a large percentage of applicants are normally turned away from wireless carriers due to poor or insufficient credit, although many of these applicants do possess the ability to pay for the service. Accordingly, a growing segment within the wireless telecommunications market is the prepaid wireless service. 
   The typical wireless service requires its subscriber caller to deposit a certain amount of funds, by cash, credit card, and/or other means, into an account. As the caller uses the wireless service, the account balance is deducted. As long as there are funds in the account, the caller may continue to use the wireless service. Additional deposits may be made to replenish the account balance. 
   There are however, several disadvantages associated with traditional prepaid wireless accounts. First, the caller may be required to enter an additional authorization code or personal identification number (PIN) in order to place each call. Some debit cards or debit systems may require the customer to enter as many as 31 additional digits. Second, the traditional prepaid wireless services lack the ability to disconnect a call during the call when the account balance is fully depleted. Third, there is substantial lag time between the time of the call and the time the amount of funds expended by a call is posted to the account. Therefore, it may be seen that the wireless service provider experiences credit exposure with post call billing and the inability to disconnect calls as soon as the accounts are depleted of funds. While these problems are most acute in the wireless industry, they are also a problem in other telecommunications systems. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Accordingly, there is a need for a prepay telecommunications system that is transparent to its user except to pay in advance for the services. Further, there is a need to be able to monitor the call in real-time in order to disconnect calls as soon as funds are depleted in the account. 
   In accordance with the present invention, a prepay telecommunications system with live call management is provided which eliminates or substantially reduces the disadvantages associated with prior prepay services. 
   In one aspect of the invention, a prepay telecommunications system includes a prepay call management platform which is directly coupled and co-located with a telecommunications carrier switch. The system further includes a customer database coupled to the prepay call, management platform for storing prepay customer data. 
   In another aspect of the invention, a prepay telecommunications system includes a, prepay call management platform which is directly coupled, and co-located with a telecommunications carrier switch, and a customer database coupled to the prepay call management platform for storing prepay customer data. Further provided is a plurality of customer interface facilities for accepting customer prepayment and immediately updating the customer database. 
   In yet another aspect of the invention, a method for live call management of a prepay call includes the steps of recognizing a prepay call at a telecommunications carrier switch, and routing, the prepay call to a prepay call management platform coupled to and co-located with the telecommunications carrier switch. The customer account balance associated with the prepay call is looked up in a customer data database, and the maximum allowable call duration in response to the customer account balance is computed. The prepay call is then released to the telecommunications carrier switch for line termination. At the same time, a call duration timer is started. The call is disconnected in response to the call duration timer reaching the maximum allowable call duration. 
   In yet another aspect of the invention, a method for live call management of a prepay call includes the steps of recognizing a roaming call at a telecommunications carrier switch, routing the roaming call to a roaming platform coupled to the telecommunications carrier switch, and recognizing the roaming call being associated with a prepay account at a home prepay call management platform. The customer account balance associated with the roaming call is looked up in a customer data database coupled to the home prepay call management platform and the maximum allowable call duration in response to the customer account balance is determined. The call is then released to the roaming platform, which in turn releases it to the telecommunications carrier switch for line termination. A call duration timer is started and the call is disconnected in response to the call duration timer reaching the maximum allowable call duration. 
   A technical advantage of the prepay wireless telecommunications system of the present invention is the ease of use, since callers do not need to remember or dial any authorization codes or personal identification numbers. Further, customer accounts are immediately updated to reflect any replenishing transactions or funds expended by calls. Most importantly, by offering the prepay services of the present invention, the telecommunications carrier does not experience unnecessary credit exposure due to depleted funds or fraud. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     For a better understanding of the present invention, reference may be made to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an exemplary telecommunications network according to the teachings of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an exemplary prepay wireless telecommunications architecture according, to the teachings of the present invention; 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary prepay wireless platform according to the teachings of the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  is a flowchart of an exemplary prepay wireless call processing procedure according to the teachings of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart of an exemplary prepay wireless call processing with roaming according to the teachings of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The preferred embodiment(s) of the present invention is (are) illustrated in  FIGS. 1–5 , like reference numerals being used to refer to like and corresponding parts of the various drawings. 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 , a block diagram of an exemplary, telecommunications network  10  according to the teachings of the present invention is shown. Telecommunications network is preferably constructed pursuant to the Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) architecture  10 . Telecommunications network,  10  includes, a service control point (SCP)  12  coupled to a signal transfer point (STP)  14  through a signaling system no.  7  (SS7) link set  16  specified by the Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) An SS7 link set, may include up to sixteen 56 Kb/s links. STP  14  is in turn coupled to one or more service switching points (SSP)  18  also via SS7 link sets. SSPs  18  connect telephone service customers  20  to the telecommunications network. 
   A wireless telephone system  22  is further coupled to STP  14  to provide wireless telecommunications services to wireless service customers  26 . Wireless telephone system  22  may include a wireless or cellular switch residing in a mobile telecommunications, switching office (MTSO)  24 . Wireless telephone system  22  encompassing one or more MTSO  24  may include a number of land-based transmission towers  28  and/or satellite-based wireless transponders (not shown). Calls may originate from a non-wireless telephone customer  20  to another non-wireless telephone customer  20 , from a wireless telephone customer  26  to another wireless telephone customer  26 , from a non-wireless telephone customer  20  to a wireless telephone customer  26 , and vice versa. According to the teachings of the present invention, a prepay wireless platform  50  is coupled to cellular switch  24  to provide live call management therefor. Prepay wireless platform  50  may also be hereinafter referred to as a prepay call management platform  50 . Preferably, prepay wireless platform  50  is co-located with cellular switch  24  or located on-site with cellular switch  24 . The communications span between cellular switch  24  and prepay wireless platform  50  may be a T1 line, an SS7 link set, or any other suitable medium according to any other suitable communications protocol. 
   It is important to note that prepay call management platform  50  may also be coupled to SSP  18  to provide prepay live call management to non-wireless telecommunications systems in a similar manner. Although the detailed description below is directed toward applications to a wireless telecommunications system, the discussion is equally applicable to a non-wireless telecommunications system. 
     FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an exemplary prepay wireless telecommunications architecture  60  according to the teachings of, the present invention. A number of customer interface facilities  62 , such as authorized sales agents  64 , retail outlets  66 , and replenishing locations  68  are employed to provide a network of convenient access points to the customers. Card readers  69  may be employed at customer interface facilities  62  to read customer data stored in a deposit card issued to each prepay customer. A log  70  of customer information is kept at each respective customer interface facility  62  to record the customer names, account numbers, and the transaction amounts. The customers may activate prepay wireless service and replenish their accounts at any of these customer interface facilities  62 . Further, customer interface facilities  62  may also include a clearinghouse network  80  which includes a large number of nationwide or global retail locations, such as the Travelers Express™, that may also be used to replenish prepay wireless accounts. Clearinghouse  80  may further maintain a log  70  of its customer information. Authorized sales agents  64 , retail outlets  66 , and replenishing locations  68  may have dial-up connections to clearinghouse network  80 , which may be coupled to a command center  84  through a packet switching X.25 span specified by the CCITT, for example. 
   Clearinghouse  80  may further be coupled to an optional command center  84  via an X.25 link, for example., Command center  84  may serve to oversee the operations of prepay wireless telecommunications service and as an interface between customer interface units  62  and clearinghouse  80  to prepay wireless platforms  50 . A log  70  of customer information may also be maintained at command center  84 . 
   Command center  84  preferably communicates with one or more prepay wireless platforms  50  via a frame relay network  90 . Each wireless platform  50  maintains a database  92  of its customers. Prepay wireless platforms  50  may further communicate with one another and to one or more roaming platforms  96  via frame relay network  90 . Each roaming platform  96  preferably maintains a roaming customer database  98 . At other sites or cities, co-located prepay and roam wireless platforms  93  may serve the local wireless subscriber community. Databases  99  storing customer data related to prepay accounts and roaming capabilities are coupled to each prepay/roam platform,  93 . Prepay/roam platforms  93  may communicate with one another and with prepay wireless platforms  50  and roaming platforms  96  via frame relay network  90 . As each customer activates a prepay wireless account, he/she is assigned a primary or home prepay wireless platform  50 , where data associated with the customer&#39;s prepay account is stored. 
   In operation, cash, bank drafts, credit cards, and telephone company billing may be used to replenish the prepay wireless account at any customer interface facility  62 . A deposit card (not shown) which has a magnetic strip, embedded chip, or another storage medium, recording the customer&#39;s name and account number may be issued to each customer. Customer interface facilities  62  preferably, employ data card readers  69  to obtain the information stored in the customer&#39;s deposit card and to immediately relay this information and the transaction amount to the customer&#39;s home prepay wireless platform  50 . The transaction amount is then immediately posted to the customer&#39;s account, to reflect the new balance. This transaction is similar to a credit card or debit card transaction at a point of sale (POS). If authorized, the customer may also dial a pre-assigned code with the wireless telephone to replenish his/her account with a credit card. Constructed in this manner, the customer may immediately begin to use the wireless services. 
     FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an exemplary prepay wireless platform  50  according to, the teachings of the present invention. Prepay wireless platform  50  includes a primary call manager unit  102  and an optional backup call manager unit  110 . Primary call manager unit.  102  may include one or more switch matrices  104 , each being coupled to a respective call processor  106 . Call processors  106  provide voice prompts and announcements, account balance computations, call progress monitoring and call blocking. Automatic voice announcements may be programmed to provide the customer the remaining balance in the prepay account at the beginning of a call and reminders to replenish accounts prior to call termination when a preset minimum is reached. If desired, multi-lingual voice announcements may be configured to meet the customer&#39;s preference. 
   Backup call manager  110  may be similarly constructed with one or more standby switch matrices  104  and a standby processor  106 . The number of standby switch matrices and standby call processors is dependent on the level of redundancy required, which may be 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, etc. Switch matrices  104  may be implemented with Nortel™ Meridian™ switches and other switches of similar operational characteristics and functionality. 
   It may be seen that primary and standby call manager units  102  and  110  may be implemented by only a computing processor if prepay wireless platform  50  is more highly integrated with the carrier&#39;s switch  24 , so that the functionality of switch matrix  104  is carried out thereby. 
   Primary and standby call manager units  102  and  110  are preferably co-located with cellular switch  24  and are coupled thereto via a T1, SS7, or any other suitable link. Call processors  106  are further coupled to a database server  114 , which maintains a pair of mirrored databases  116  to provide redundancy and ensure the integrity of the data. Database server  114  and call processors  106  may be implemented by any processor unit with adequate processing capacity and speed, and may be a personal computer, a workstation, a mini-computer, or the like. Database server  114  is further coupled to a router  118  which-provides data and message routing functions between prepay wireless platform  50  and customer service/system administration/POS terminals  120  via a local area network (LAN), and to customer interface facilities  62  ( FIG. 2 ) via frame relay network  90 . 
   In operation, prepay wireless platform  50  may accept dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF), multifrequency (MF), or primate rate addressing protocols from cellular switch  24 . When cellular switch  24  recognizes a prepay wireless customer by the mobile identification number (MIN), cellular switch  24  transfers the call to prepay wireless platform  50  for account balance verification, individual account processing requests, and then routes the call back to the cellular carrier for call completion. However, if there is insufficient funds in the caller&#39;s account, the call is not completed except calls for emergency  911  or customer service, for example. If a caller&#39;s account balance is exhausted while in the middle of a call, the call is disconnected immediately. 
   Because prepay wireless platform  50  is directly coupled to the cellular carrier&#39;s switch and resides in close proximately or on-site with the cellular switch, local, calls stay within the carrier&#39;s network. Further, customer data is readily accessible by the cellular switch&#39;s personnel via a LAN connection or a local dial-up protocol. More importantly, live in-call management is possible to avoid unnecessary credit exposure. 
     FIG. 4  is a flowchart of an exemplary prepay wireless call processing procedure  200  according to the teachings of the present invention. Referring also to  FIG. 3 , switch matrix  104  of prepay wireless platform  50  receives a call from cellular switch  24 , as shown in block  202 . Cellular switch  24  recognizes a prepay wireless call by the MIN, or more specifically, by the customer group office code (NPA-NXX). Prepay wireless customers may be assigned customer group office codes within a predetermined range for ease of recognition. 
   Upon receiving a call, a database lookup of database  116  is performed to locate the data related to the prepay wireless customer, such as the account balance, as shown in block  204 . Call processor  106  then determines the rate per minute the present call is to be charged, which is dependent on whether the call is local or long distance, or the access and air time fees and applicable taxes, etc. From the rate per minute, the amount of time available for the call is computed based on the amount of funds available in the customer&#39;s account, as shown in block  206 . This computed amount, in number of minutes, for example, is the maximum allowable call duration. If the time is zero, as determined in block  208 , then a voice announcement is played by call processor  106  to inform the customer, and the call is disconnected, as shown in blocks  210  and  212 . The process then terminates  214 . 
   If, on the other hand, there are sufficient funds left in the account to connect the call, the call is released back to cellular switch  24  for line termination, as shown in block  220 . Once the call is released to cellular switch  24 , call processor  106  starts a call duration timer, as shown in block  222 . Call processor,  106  further monitors the call for hardware answer supervision that indicates call completion, as shown in block  224 . The call is torn down and disconnected when either of two conditions shown in block  226  becomes true:
         1. The call is disconnected at the originating or terminating equipment; or   2. The call duration timer has reached the computed maximum allowable call duration.
 
As soon as one of the above conditions is true, the call is disconnected, as shown in block  230 . The amount of funds expended by the call is then computed and immediately posted to the customer&#39;s account balance stored in databases  116 , as shown in blocks  232  and  234 . The process then terminates in block  214 .
       

     FIG. 5  is a flowchart of an exemplary prepay wireless call processing with roaming  240  according to the teachings of the present invention. Cellular switch  24  transfers the call to a manual or credit card roaming platform  96  after it recognizes the call as unauthorized to roam, as shown in block  242 . Roaming platform  96  may be a platform that is on-site with a cellular switch  24 , such as an American Roaming Network offered by National Telemanagement Corporation of Dallas, Tex. Roaming platform  96  then performs a database lookup to determine if the NPA-NXX of the caller&#39;s MIN is an authorized home carrier prepay area code exchange. Additionally, roaming platform  96  determines whether the roam market or carrier (the wireless carrier serving the caller) allows prepay roaming with the caller&#39;s home market or carrier, as shown in block  244 . If either condition is not met, then the call is processed as a credit card call or a manual roaming call, as shown in block  246 . 
   If both conditions in block  244  are satisfied, then roaming platform  96  looks up the caller&#39;s home market and transfers the call thereto, as shown in block  248 . In addition, as shown in block  250 , roaming platform  96  sends certain data to the caller&#39;s home prepay wireless platform  50 , such as the area or location the request for service, originates from, and what type of service is requested and the rate for that type of service if the rate is determined by the roam carrier. Typically, the roam carrier dictates both the scope of the local calling area and the long distance rates applicable to calls terminating outside of the local calling area. The caller&#39;s home market dictates the access and air time fees charged to the caller while making calls within the roam market. 
   Once the call is transferred to home prepay wireless platform  50 , call processor  106  performs further database lookups to make several determinations. In block  252 , call processor  106  determines whether prepay call is allowed to roam. The option to roam in other markets may be flagged in multiple locations, such as a system-wide flag which indicates whether roaming is permitted for any subscriber to that prepay wireless platform  50 , and an individual subscriber may be flagged to indicate whether roaming is permitted for that particular subscriber. If either flag indicates that the caller is not allowed to roam, then the call is processed as a credit card or manual roaming call in block  246 . If the caller is allowed to roam, then the minimum balance required for the roaming call is computed, as shown in block  254 . If the account balance of the caller is not equal to or greater than the minimum balance, the caller cannot roam on the prepay account, and the call is processed as a credit card or manual roaming call in block  246 . If there is sufficient funds in the caller&#39;s account, then the amount of time available for the roaming call is computed or the maximum allowable call duration, as shown in block  260 . This value may be determined by first consulting an established rate table for the roam market and maintained at prepay wireless platform  50 . The rate table (not shown) may include information such as the roaming charges delineated by time of day, by call, and/or minutes of use. The call roaming minute rate is thus determined. Further, calling restrictions, if any, are looked up in database  116  and adhered to. The computation for the amount of time available for the call also takes into account any long distance charges and applicable taxes. 
   Home prepay wireless platform  50  then returns the computed maximum allowable call duration value and any calling restrictions to roaming platform  96 , and also releases the call back to the roaming platform&#39;s switch for termination, as shown in block  264 . A prepay wireless platform co-located with roaming platform  96  then starts a call duration timer and monitors for call termination in blocks  266  and  268 . If the call is disconnected at either the originating or terminating equipment or the call duration timer reaches the predetermined maximum allowable call duration received from home prepay wireless platform  50 , as determined in block  270 , then the call is disconnected in block  272 . The amount used up by the call is computed and immediately posted to the caller&#39;s account balance stored, at home prepay wireless platform  50  to reflect a lower amount, as shown in block  274  and  276 . The process then terminates in block  247 . 
   Constructed and operating in this manner, live call management, is possible to protect wireless carriers, from fraud and calls made on, depleted accounts. Further, complete records of all activation and replenishment transactions and details of each call are, available to the prepay, wireless service administration and the cellular carriers, unlike systems which route, prepay calls to remote switches for processing. Prepay wireless customers may activate or replenish their accounts at a comprehensive network of easily accessible locations, which relays the transaction amounts to the account balance databases, in real-time. No cumbersome access codes, PINs, and debit cards are required to use the, pre pay wireless service of the present invention. 
   Although several embodiments of the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that a myriad of mutations, changes, substitutions, transformations, modifications, variations, and alterations can be made therein without departing from the teachings of the present invention, the spirit and scope of the invention being set forth by the appended claims.