Abstract:
A method for Te pattern formation in the manufacture of a thin-film transistor having a semiconductor layer of Te. Developing and etching of the substrate having the Te layer and a resist layer overlaying the Te layer are simultaneously carried out by the use of a developing and etching solution after having been exposed to rays of UV-light.

Description:
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention generally relates to a method for manufacturing a thin-film transistor and, more particularly, to a method for the formation of a pattern of a semi-conductor layer made of tellurium (Te). 
     In general, a thin-film pattern formation is carried out by the employment of either a masked vapor deposition technique or a photolithographic technique. The photolithographic technique is generally recognized as a more effective and better technique than the masked vapor evaporation technique, so far as the precision of the resultant pattern and the applicability to mass production are concerned. For the purpose of the discussion of the present invention, the prior art methods for making some thin-film transistors will first be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings, all of said prior art methods utilizing the photolithographic technique. 
     Referring first to FIG. 1, there is shown, in a cross-sectional representation, a thin-film transistor generally referred to as a so-called &#34;inverted-staggered type.&#34; This type of thin-film transistor is manufactured by forming a thin film of metal, such as aluminum (Al), tantalum (Ta), hafnium (Hf), titanium (Ti) or zirconium (Zr), on a substrate made of, for example, glass by the use of an electron beam deposition technique or a sputtering technique, and then forming a pattern by the use of a so-called wet-etching technique or a so-called dry-etching technique to give a gate electrode 2. The patterned gate electrode 2 so formed on the substrate 1 is then anode-oxidized to form an oxide insulating layer 3 on the gate electrode 2. The formation of the insulating layer 3 on the gate electrode 2 may be carried out by the use of the electron beam deposition technique or the sputtering technique other than the anodization technique. Thereafter, by the employment of a lift-off technique, a semiconductor layer 4 is formed on the insulating layer 3 using Te as a material. The final step is to form source and drain electrodes 5 using gold (Au) or nickel (Ni) as a material therefor, thereby completing the thin-film transistor. 
     Shown in FIG. 2 is a thin-film transistor of a so-called &#34;coplanar type.&#34; This type of thin-film transistor is manufactured by forming a thin film of metal, such as Al, Ta, Hf, Ti or Zr, on a glass substrate 1 by the use of the electron beam deposition technique or the sputtering technique, followed by a pattern formation by the use of either the wet-etching technique or the dry-etching technique to form a gate electrode 2. The formation of the gate electrode 2 may be carried out by the use of the masked vacuum evaporation technique. Subsequent thereto, an oxide insulating layer 3 is formed on the gate electrode 2 by the use of the anodization technique. Either a vacuum evaporation technique or a sputtering technique may also be employable to form the insulating layer 3 in place of the anodization technique. Thereafter, a thin metal layer of Au or Ni is formed on the insulating layer 3 in any known manner, followed by the formation of source and drain electrodes 5. The final step is to form a semiconductor layer 4 of Te by the use of the lift-off technique, thereby completing the thin-film transistor of coplanar type. 
     A thin-film transistor of a construction shown in section in FIG. 3 is also known. This type of thin-film transistor shown in FIG. 3 is manufactured by forming a thin film of metal, such as Al, Ta, Hf, Ti or Zr, on a glass substrate 1 by the use of the electron beam deposition technique or the sputtering technique, followed by the pattern formation by the use of the dry-etching or the wet-etching technique to form a gate electrode 2. The formation of the gate electrode 2 may be carried out by the use of the masked vacuum evaporation technique. An insulating layer 3 is subsequently formed on the gate electrode by the use of either the anodization technique or one of the vacuum evaporation technique and the sputtering technique, followed by the formation of source and drain electrodes 5 by forming thin metal layer of Au or Ni in any known manner. The final step is to form a semiconductor layer 4 of Te on both of the source and drain electrodes 5 and the insulating layer 3 by the use of the lift-off technique. This semiconductor layer 4 may also be formed by the use of the masked vacuum evaporation technique. 
     The pattern formation of the semiconductor layer 4 according to any one of the methods shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is carried out in a manner shown in FIG. 4. 
     According to the prior art, the pattern formation of the Te semiconductor layer 4 is carried out by first applying a resist material on a substrate to be patterned by the use of a spinner as shown in a step n1 in FIG. 4. The used resist material is manufactured and sold under the trade name &#34;AZ-1350&#34; by Shipley Company Inc. of U.S.A. and is so coated with about 0.6 μm in thickness. The subsequent step n2 in FIG. 4 is to subject the substrate with the resist material applied thereon to a soft-baking process for 15 minutes at 90° C., followed by exposure for 10 seconds to a 500 W-super high pressure mercury lamp at a step n3 in FIG. 4, the exposed resist on the substrate being then developed as shown in step n4 in FIG. 4. The developing of the exposed resist on the substrate is carried out for about 60 seconds at ambient (or room) temperature by the use of an aqueous solution containing an equal amount of distilled water and a developing agent manufactured and sold under the trade name &#34;AZ Developer&#34; by Shipley Company Inc. of U.S.A. At a step n5 in FIG. 4 followed by the step n4 in FIG. 4, the developed substrate is flushed with water and, thereafter, that is, at a step n6 in FIG. 4, the washed substrate is post-baked for 15 minutes at 110° C. At a step n7 in FIG. 4 followed by the step n6 in FIG. 4, Te is vacuum-deposited on the substrate (Substrate Temperature: Ambient temperature. Pressure: 2×10 -5  Torr. Deposition rate: 4 Å/sec.), followed by the final step n8 in FIG. 4 during which the Te-deposited substrate is subjected to an ultrasonic cleaning two times to remove the unwanted portion of the Te layer on the substrate, thereby completing the pattern formation. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with a preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIGS. 1 to 3 are sectional views of commercially available three types of thin-film transistors, respectively; 
     FIG. 4 is a chart showing the prior art process of pattern formation in any one of the transistors shown respectively in FIGS. 1 to 3; and 
     FIG. 5 is a chart similar to FIG. 4, but according to the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Before the description of the present invention proceeds, it is to be noted that like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the accompanying drawings. 
     As discussed above, the pattern formation according to the prior art requires the eight steps to be performed in sequence. However, the present invention is featured in that the method required to carry out the pattern formation is minimized by simultaneously carrying out the development and the etching with the use of an alkaline solution. This will now be described. 
     Referring now to FIG. 5, the pattern formation according to the present invention is carried out by first vacuum-evaporating Te on a substrate to be patterned (Substrate Temperature: Ambient Temperature. Deposition rate: 4 Å/sec. Pressure: 2×10 -5  Torr.) as shown in a step m1 in FIG. 5. The step m1 in FIG. 5 is followed by a step m2 in FIG. 5 during which an o-quinone diazide containing resist material, &#34;AZ-1350&#34; available from Shipley Company Inc. of U.S.A., is coated with a thickness of about 0.6 μm by the use of a spinner. At the subsequent step m3 in FIG. 5, the resist-coated substrate is soft-baked for 15 minutes at, for example, 90° C., followed by a step m4 in FIG. 5 during which the soft-baked resist on the substrate is exposed for about 10 seconds to actinic radiation with a 500 W-super high pressure mercury lamp. Thereafter and at a step m5 in FIG. 5, both development and etching are simultaneously carried out on the substrate for 30 to 400 seconds by the use of a developing and etching solution. Subsequent to the step m6 in FIG. 5 during which the developed and etched substrate has been rinsed with water, the final step m7 in FIG. 5 is carried out to remove the resist layer on the substrate by the use of an organic solvent, such as acetone or &#34;Butyl Cellosolve&#34;®(ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), thereby completing the Te pattern formation. 
     The developing and etching solution should contain one or a mixture of the following compounds (1) to (6): 
     (1) inorganic hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide; 
     (2) silicates such as sodium silicate or potassium silicate; 
     (3) phosphates such as sodium phosphate or potassium phosphate; 
     (4) organic bases such as quaternary ammonium salts including tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, ethyltripropylammonium hydroxide, n-decyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, n-decyltriethylammonium hydroxide, n-dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, n-dodecyltriethylammonium hydroxide, n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, and n-hexadecyltriethylammonium hydroxide; 
     (5) monobasic strong bases such as tetrahydroparaoxazine and 3-methyltetrahydroparaoxazine; 
     (6) water-soluble basic amines such as lower alkyl amines including methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine and butylamine, basic amines including monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine, or water-soluble alcohols such as aliphatic primary alcohols including methanol, ethanol, propyl, alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, aliphatic polyhydric alcohols including ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol and pentaerythritol, or cyclic alcohols including cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol. 
     Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples which are set forth only for the purpose of illustration and, therefore, are to be understood as not limiting the scope of the present invention. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     An aqueous solution of the composition shown in Table 1 is prepared. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________Composition   Content (g/l %)______________________________________NaOH          2Na.sub.2 SiO.sub.3         23.6Na.sub.3 PO.sub.4         9.8Distilled     64.6Water______________________________________ 
    
     A solution similar in composition to that shown in Table 1 is commercially available in the form of &#34;AZ Developer&#34; from Shipley Company Inc. of U.S.A. The aqueous solution of the composition shown in Table 1 or the &#34;AZ Developer&#34; is subsequently diluted double with distilled water to provide the developing and etching solution. 
     Separately of the preparation of the developing and etching solution, a substrate to be formed with a Te pattern is deposited with a layer of Te by the use of the vacuum evaporation technique (Substrate Temp.: Ambient Temp. Deposition rate: 4 Å/sec. 
     Pressure: 2×10 -5  Torr. Film Thickness≃100 Å). Subsequently, a layer of resist material (&#34;AZ-1350&#34; available from Shipley Company Inc. of U.S.A.), 0.6 μm in thickness, is applied by the use of a spinner on the substrate so as to overlay the Te layer. Thereafter, the resist layer so formed is dried at 90° C. for 15 minutes in a drier of hot-air circulating type, followed by exposure for 10 seconds to a 500 W-super high pressure mercury lamp. 
     Subsequent to the exposure to the UV-lamp, the developing and etching are simultaneously carried out at 20° C. for a time specified in Table 2 by the use of the developing and etching solution separately prepared in the manner described above. The result of the developing and etching is shown in Table 2. 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________Solution       Time    Result______________________________________Diluted        about   excellentDouble         70 sec.______________________________________ 
    
     After the development and etching, the substrate is washed with distilled water, followed by the removal of the resist layer in an acetone bath by the use of ultrasonic waves. By so doing, a precisely formed desired pattern can be obtained. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     An aqueous solution of the composition shown in Table 3 is prepared. 
     
                       TABLE 3______________________________________Composition   Content (g/l %)______________________________________(CH.sub.3).sub.4 NOH         5Morpholine    1˜ 2Coumarin      0.04Surfactant    ˜0.1Distilled     92.86˜ 93.96water______________________________________ 
    
     A solution similar in composition to that shown in Table 3 is commercially available in the form of developers identified by &#34;MF-312&#34; and &#34;MF-324&#34; respectively from Shipley Company Inc. of U.S.A. The aqueous solution of the composition shown in Table 3 is subsequently diluted double or triple with distilled water to provide the developing and etching solution. 
     Separately of the preparation of the developing and etching solution, a substrate to be formed with a Te pattern is deposited with a layer of Te by the use of the vacuum evaporation technique (Substrate Temp.: 
     Ambient Temp. Deposition rate: 4 Å/sec. 
     Pressure: 2×10 -5  Torr. Film Thickness≃100 Å). Subsequently, a layer of resist material (&#34;AZ-1350&#34; available from Shipley Company Inc. of U.S.A.), 0.6 μm in thickness, is applied by the use of a spinner on the substrate so as to overlay the Te layer. Thereafter, the resist layer so formed is dried at 90° C. for 15 minutes, followed by exposure for 10 seconds to UV-light. 
     Subsequent to the exposure to the UV-light, the developing and etching are simultaneously carried out at 20° C. for a time specified in Table 4 by the use of the developing and etching solution separately prepared in the manner described above. The result of the developing and etching is shown in Table 4. 
     
                       TABLE 4______________________________________Solution   Time        Results______________________________________Diluted Double      15      sec.    Te layer partially                      unremovedDiluted Double      30-40   sec.    ExcellentDiluted Triple      30      sec.    Resist layer partially                      unremovedDiluted Triple      60      sec.    Both Te layer and resist                      layer partially unremovedDiluted Triple      90      sec.    GoodDiluted Triple      360     sec.    Excellent______________________________________ 
    
     After the development and etching, the substrate is washed with distilled water, followed by the removal of the resist layer in an acetone bath by the use of ultrasonic waves. By so doing, a precisely formed desired pattern can be obtained. 
     From the Table 4 above, it will readily be understood that the favorable Te pattern can be obtained when the developing and etching is carried out for 30 to 40 seconds in the case where the developing and etching solution diluted double with distilled water is used, and for 360 seconds in the case where the developing and etching solution diluted triple with distilled water is used. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Using a developing solution containing a mixture of water-soluble amine and water-soluble alcohol, which is manufactured and sold under the trade name &#34;NM-20&#34; by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd. of Japan, the developing and etching process was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2, the result of which is shown in Table 5. 
     
                       TABLE 5______________________________________Time          Result______________________________________180 sec.      Te layer partially unremoved360 400 sec.  Excellent______________________________________ 
    
     From the foregoing, it has now become clear that the Te pattern formation is carried out in the reduced number of the process steps as compared with that according to the prior art. This is possible because the developing and etching are simultaneously carried out by the same solution. Because of the reduced number of the process steps, any possible contamination of thin-film transistors can advantageously be minimized. 
     Although the present invention has been described by way of examples, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications are apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless they depart from the true scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, they are to be construed as included therein.