Abstract:
Disclosed is a security and alarm system. When sensors detect something of note, they alert a master unit which in turn captures pertinent information (e.g., an image or sound) and sends the alert and the captured information. The recipient of the alert (for example, an owner of the system or a security service) evaluates the information and takes appropriate action such as alerting a local police department. Some embodiments offer two-way service: In addition to delivering alerts, the system responds to alerts from an authorized user requesting current information. Two-way communications allow some embodiments to deliver “Breach of Peace” alerts to users. In one scenario, a public security service sends out a warning within a geographical area that the peace has been breached. The system receives the warning and alerts its user to the situation. The user can then take appropriate action.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 11/834,375, filed on Aug. 6, 2007, and claims priority to that application and to U.S. Provisional Patent Applications 60/835,666, filed on Aug. 4, 2006, and 60/923,144, filed on Apr. 12, 2007, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention is related generally to security systems, and, more particularly, to remote supervisory, control, and alarm systems. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    In the post-9/11 world, people are very focused on personal and property security. For commercial concerns, an up-to-date security system with a remote-monitoring service has long been considered to be a necessary cost of doing business. Closer to home, most car manufacturers now offer alarm systems, and sales of residential security systems are growing rapidly. 
         [0004]    While an entry-level security system may only sound a siren or flash a light when an untoward condition is detected, more sophisticated (and more expensive) systems respond by alerting a private security service. (As used in this patent application, “security services” include private alarm-monitoring companies and public organizations such as the police, fire departments, and 911 call centers.) The private security service investigates the situation and, depending upon the results of the investigation, may in turn alert a public security service. 
         [0005]    In a separate but related aspect of security, parents wish to monitor and possibly to control remotely the activities of their children to assure themselves that their children are neither walking into trouble nor having trouble thrust upon them. Some parents, for example, give their children cellphones so that the parents can always contact the children and so that the children can call in case of an emergency. The security systems of some vehicles allow parents to limit the speed at which a child (or a parking valet) can operate the vehicle. 
         [0006]    The spread of security systems, however, is limited because existing systems are either very expensive to buy and to maintain (high-end systems) or can be disabled by ingenious criminals (low-end systems). 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    The above problems and shortcomings, and others, are addressed by the present invention, which can be understood by referring to the specification, drawings, and claims. According to aspects of the present invention, radio technology (e.g., cellular, satellite, WiFi, Bluetooth) is used to provide a reliable security and alarm system. In some embodiments, two-way communications are used to deliver “Breach of Peace” and other alerts to users. In one scenario, a public security service sends out a warning to personal communications devices within a geographical area that the peace has been breached (for example, a criminal has escaped, a terrorist attack is contemplated, or a river is flooding). The devices receive the warning and alert their users to the situation. The users can then take appropriate action. 
         [0008]    In some embodiments, users register their devices to receive alerts. For example, all students and employees at a school can be registered. Users can also register for particular types of alerts. For example, everyone would register for Breach of Peace alerts, while only some would register for high-pollen-count alerts. As appropriate, alerts are then sent to the registered users. 
         [0009]    In some embodiments, alerts can also be delivered even to users who are not registered to receive them. In these embodiments, users (or their personal communications devices) are detected entering an area (such as a school campus or commercial building). When necessary, the Breach of Peace alert is then sent to registered users and also to those unregistered devices detected in the area of concern. Alerts can also be sent to appropriate security personnel. 
         [0010]    The alerts can include, in addition to a text message describing the current incident, maps or other information that allow regular users to avoid the trouble and that allow security personnel to respond quickly to the trouble. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]    While the appended claims set forth the features of the present invention with particularity, the invention, together with its objects and advantages, may be best understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which: 
           [0012]      FIG. 1A  is a block diagram of a security system installed in an automobile according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0013]      FIG. 1B  is a variant of  FIG. 1A  showing how the security system also supports parental monitoring; 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a schematic depicting the hardware and software of one embodiment of a security system; 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram showing an exemplary installation of a security system in a building, either commercial or domestic; 
           [0016]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram of an embodiment of the security system that supports health-care monitoring; 
           [0017]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart showing an exemplary method for providing a two-way security system; 
           [0018]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart showing a method for responding to a “Breach of Peace” alert; and 
           [0019]      FIG. 7  is a screen shot of an exemplary Breach of Peace alert message. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0020]    Turning to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements, the invention is illustrated as being implemented in a suitable environment. The following description is based on embodiments of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention with regard to alternative embodiments that are not explicitly described herein. 
         [0021]      FIG. 1A  presents a vehicle-security system as one exemplary embodiment of some aspects of the present invention. The security system integrated into a vehicle  100  includes a master control unit  102 . Connected to the master control unit  102  are alarm and status sensors  104 . Also connected to the master control unit  102  are one or more information-capture devices  106  and a mobile-telephone communications capability, illustrated in  FIG. 1A  by the antenna  108 . 
         [0022]    In the most basic mode of operation of the security system, when an alarm sensor  104  “triggers” (e.g., a smoke detector detects smoke), it sends an alert signal to the master control unit  102 . In a very primitive embodiment, the master control unit  102  is only informed that a sensor  104  has triggered, but in a preferred embodiment, the master control unit  102  is informed of the specific nature of the alert. If the triggering sensor  104  is so equipped, it can provide a detailed analysis of the alert to the master control unit  102 . 
         [0023]    The master control unit  102  can choose to collect further information that may be of use in reporting and resolving the alert incident. If, for example, the alert indicates that someone has broken into the vehicle  100 , then the master control unit  102  can ask a camera  106  to take a photograph of the driver&#39;s position in the vehicle  100 . 
         [0024]    The alert information and any further information provided by the information-capture devices  106  are then packaged and transmitted using the mobile-telephone capability  108 . The master control unit  102  uses stored contact information to direct the transmission of the packaged alert. In  FIG. 1A , a telephone call is placed over the cellular-telephone network  110  to a cellphone  112  owned by a registered owner of the vehicle  100 . The recipient cellphone  112  displays an alert  114  to its owner. 
         [0025]    Upon receiving the alert  114 , the owner may simply acknowledge receipt in a communications back to the master control unit  102 . In an emergency situation, the owner may choose instead to forward the alert to a private or public security service equipped to respond to the situation. Any information provided by the information-capture devices  106  is sent along to assist the security service. 
         [0026]    The security system of  FIG. 1A  is compatible with any type of alarm or status sensor  104 . Typical are sensors for motion, vibration, window breakage, smoke, fire, entry, power-interrupt to the master control unit  102 , low tire pressure, and even police radar. Also possible are a physical location sensor (using a GPS receiver) and a maintenance-status indicator alerting the owner that the vehicle  100  is due for scheduled or non-scheduled maintenance. 
         [0027]    Similarly, the security system of  FIG. 1A  is compatible with any type of information-capture device  106 . Still and video cameras and microphones are expected to be very common. Because a GPS device can be queried for geographic location, it is clear that some devices can be considered to be both sensors  104  and information-capture devices  106 : The line between the two is easily blurred. 
         [0028]    The communications between the security system and the end user can be carried, e.g., via a cellular-telephone call, over the Short-Messaging Service, as a text message, or over a satellite link  116 . For added security, if a first attempt to transmit the alert over the cellular network  110  fails, then the security system can use the satellite network  116  as a backup. 
         [0029]    While  FIG. 1A  shows the alert first going to an owner&#39;s cellphone  112 , the master control unit  102  can be flexibly programmed. It may, for example, attempt to contact the owner&#39;s cellphone  112 , but if the call is not answered (or if a text message is not acknowledged) in a set period of time, then a secondary entity, such as a private or public security service, can be notified. If the alert is not urgent (e.g., maintenance should be performed in the next 1000 or so miles), then the alert can be sent to an e-mail address. As illustrated by this example, different actions can be taken for different alerts: An e-mail or voice-mail suffices for some alerts, while a more urgent alert should be quickly escalated. 
         [0030]    Privacy and message security are important considerations in any remote security system. In some embodiments, and for at least some alerts, the holder of the cellphone  112  must authenticate himself before he can view the alert  114 . Typical known authentication technologies that can be used are based on entering a PIN, on recognizing a voice or other human-parametric data (e.g., a thumbprint), or on reading the owner&#39;s RFID chip. 
         [0031]    The security system of  FIG. 1B  is the same as that in  FIG. 1A  but is implementing an additional “parental monitoring” application. In this application, the owner has lent the vehicle  100  to someone else (e.g., the owner&#39;s child or a parking valet.) Sensors detect information that is not necessarily indicative of an emergency but that is nonetheless of interest to the owner. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 1B , the owner has set a maximum permissible speed  120 . When the speedometer  118  registers that the vehicle  100  is exceeding that speed, the security system sends an alert  122  to the owner. The “parent” could also be alerted, for example, if the seatbelts are not properly fastened or if the vehicle  100  departs from a permissible geographic area. Because the master control unit  102  can discriminate among different alert types (as noted above), it would presumably be programmed to never forward “parental monitoring” alerts  122  to a public or private security service. However, these alerts  122  may be recorded. This application also has commercial uses: If the “parent” is a company that owns the vehicle  100  and “lends” it to its professional drivers, then the record of these “parental monitoring” alerts  122  may be used to catch and to reprimand unsafe drivers or, more generously, to show that the company deserves lower insurance rates. 
         [0032]      FIG. 2  shows an exemplary hardware configuration for the present invention. An applications processor  200  directs most of the activities of the master control unit  102 . It receives alerts from the sensors  104 . The communications lines connecting the applications processor  200  and the information-capture devices  106 ,  202 ,  204 , and  206  are shown with arrows at both ends to illustrate that these devices, at least, receive commands and return captured information. In addition, the master control unit  102  can direct output to some of these devices, such as the speaker  202  and the screen display  206 . (This capability is discussed below in reference to  FIG. 5 .) 
         [0033]    The baseband processor  208  handles communications with the outside world. It supports one or more transceivers  212  (e.g., a cellular transceiver and a satellite transceiver) each of which may require its own antenna  214 . 
         [0034]    The RAM  210  stores configures information such as the primary and second contacts, specific configuration for different alert types (e.g., which alerts are escalated to a security service), and authentication information. As discussed above in reference to  FIG. 1A , the recipient of an alert  114  may need to authenticate himself before he is allowed to view the alert  114 . (As discussed below in reference to  FIG. 5 , the security system may also receive commands whose sender must be authenticated before the command is carried out.) 
         [0035]    The technologies used to connect the components of the security system are chosen to satisfy the requirements of their particular environment. Wired serial links and USB connections are rugged but are somewhat cumbersome to install. Radio (e.g., Bluetooth) or infrared links are often practical and ease the addition of further sensors  104  and information-capture devices  106 . It is preferred that the security system supports the full capabilities of whatever link technologies are used, although tradeoffs between convenience and security should always be considered. 
         [0036]    The emergency battery  218  is designed to run the security system for long enough to transmit an alert if local power to the security system is ever disabled. Time is of the essence here because the power interrupt may be caused by a knowledgeable intruder attempting to circumvent the entire security system. Therefore, as soon as the power-interrupt sensor mentioned above in reference to  FIG. 1A  triggers, the system immediately switches over to draw power from the emergency battery  218 . Useful information is captured as quickly as possible, and the alert is transmitted. The security system can be configured to take special action in this case as it might not have the luxury of first contacting the owner: It may need to contact a security service immediately. 
         [0037]    The master control unit  102  need not be all of a piece as shown in  FIG. 2 . In some embodiments, the functional modules are distributed. This makes each piece very small and thus makes detecting and disabling the security system very difficult. 
         [0038]    The security system of the present invention can also be implemented in the building  300  of  FIG. 3 . Whether commercial or domestic, the building  300  contains rooms  302  and sensors  304  in at least some of the rooms  302 . Many of the sensors  304  are of the same type as discussed above in reference to the vehicle  100  of  FIGS. 1A and 1B : detectors for smoke, fire, window-breakage, and entry. There may be additional building-specific sensors such as noxious gas detectors. The sensors  304  are often combined with information-capture devices  306  such as cameras and microphones. (An application of decibel sensors in the building  300  is discussed below in reference to  FIG. 6 .) Sensors and information-capture devices  306  are also placed outside the building  300  to monitor its surroundings. In a secure building environment, an entry sensor  308 , such as an RFID reader, controls and records entrance. The entry sensor  308  could also detect Bluetooth-enabled devices when they come in range. Of course, the security system for the building  300  includes at least one master control unit  102  and the accompanying mobile-telephone communications capability  108 . In a building environment, it is highly desirable that each transmitted alert indicates the location of the specific sensors and information-capture devices  304 ,  306  that provide the information for the alert. With this information, security services (e.g., firemen) responding to the alert can know exactly how to proceed without groping around blindly. 
         [0039]    The scope of possible applications for the present invention is virtually unlimited. One more example will suffice. In  FIG. 4 , a network of tiny wires and sensors  402  are woven into a shirt  400 . When the shirt is worn, the sensor network  402  reads the wearer&#39;s vital medical information, such as pulse rate and blood pressure. The readings are transmitted, for example by Bluetooth, to the master control unit  102  and then transmitted to the contact configured for this type of alert. The master control unit  102  need not be dedicated to this one application, but can work with input from the sensor network  402  just as it works with input from other sensors  104  and information-capture devices  106 . In some embodiments of the medical application illustrated in  FIG. 4 , alerts are sent to emergency medical personnel when the sensors  402  note that the readings are out of the range of safety. Medical information about the wearer, e.g., a list of allergies,&#39;can be stored in the RAM  210  of the master control unit  102  and sent along with the alert. In a non-emergency scenario, readings can be periodically taken, transmitted, and recorded. The developing record is useful for diagnosis and for medical studies. 
         [0040]      FIG. 5  illustrates a feature that is useful in almost any scenario. Here, a registered contact, say the owner of the security system, rather than waiting for the system to send an alert, wishes to proactively query the system for information. Going back to the scenario illustrated in  FIG. 1A , the owner uses the cellphone  112  to call (or text message) a request for information in step  500 . Security is discussed above in reference to  FIG. 1A , and it is at least as important here. Along with the request, the user enters some authentication information. In step  502 , the request and the authentication information are sent to the security system in the vehicle  100  by means of the cellular network  110 . Upon receipt, the security system in step  504  attempts to verify the authentication information. There are many known ways to do this (examples are given above in reference to  FIG. 1A ), most of them involve comparing the sent authentication information with some information previously stored in the security system&#39;s RAM  210 . If the received authentication information is successfully verified in step  506 , then the requested information is gathered from the appropriate information-capture devices  106 . For example, the owner may wish to view the inside of the vehicle  100  and asks that the camera  106  take and send a photograph. Note that the response need not be a one-time message: Upon request, the security system can set up a periodic or continual monitoring channel back to the requester. For example, a security officer may investigate a darkened building by requesting that a microphone transmit the sounds it is picking up. In any case, the requested information is transmitted to the authenticated requester (or to another contact) in step  508 . If the authentication information cannot be verified, then the request is denied in step  510 . 
         [0041]    The system&#39;s ability to respond to a remote request opens other possibilities. The remote user can configure one of the information-capture devices  106 , for example by moving the point-of-focus of a camera. Also, the remote user can send information to be displayed by the security system. This possibility was hinted at in the discussion accompanying  FIG. 2 . In the case of the vehicle  100 , the remote owner may wish to speak to the driver or may display a warning or status update on a screen in the dashboard. 
         [0042]    A final feature of some embodiments of the present invention is illustrated by  FIGS. 6 and 7 . First, some background: A “breach of peace” is an alarming incident that involves all or many of the people in a given area. For example, nature can breach the peace by way of tornadoes, flooding, or even unusually high pollen counts. A large fire in a forest preserve or in a built-up area also constitutes a breach of peace. An overturned semi-truck can breach the peace by blocking a significant highway. Referring back to  FIG. 3 , a terrorist gunman can breach the peace by attacking people in and around the building  300 . In all of these cases, the forces of public security wish to inform local people so that they can avoid or flee the affected area. 
         [0043]    For example, in  FIG. 3 , the sensors  304  can include “decibel sensors” that trigger when they hear an unusually loud and sharp noise (like a gunshot). When the public security service analyses the alert carrying information from these sensors, it broadcasts a “breach of peace” alert to all people who may be affected. (See step  600  of  FIG. 6 .) 
         [0044]    In one situation, the building  300  is a school building, and the public security service has a list of contact information for all registered students and employees of the school. The “breach of peace” alert is sent to all of these contacts. (In some embodiments, the security system itself analyzes the data provided by its sensors and itself sends out the “breach of peace” alert, also contacting a security service, of course.) 
         [0045]    More so than with other types of alerts, a “breach of peace” alert should be widely broadcast to anyone who may potentially be affected by the incident. In keeping with this consideration, a “breach of peace” alert can also be sent to people who may be potentially affected but who are not registered on a contact list. To enable this, the entry sensor  308  of  FIG. 3  records the devices that enter and leave the building  300  (or another area). When a “breach of peace” incident occurs, the alert can be sent to those devices detected as being present in the affected area, as well as to those registered on the contact list. 
         [0046]    In some historic cases, “normal” communications channels (the public switched telephone network, the cellular networks, and even proprietary first-responder radio systems) were overwhelmed with emergency traffic and either dropped messages or crashed entirely. Thus, while these technologies could still be useful for sending out “breach of peace” alerts, alternative communications technologies should also be considered, where available, in an attempt to get the alert out as broadly as possible. Alternatives discussed above with reference to  FIG. 1A  include the Short-Messaging Service, text messaging, and satellite services. Short- and medium-range radio services such as WiFi, Bluetooth, and WiMAX can be used to send the alert to users&#39; devices. Powerful transmitters in wireless access points can even send alerts to devices that are too far away to acknowledge receipt (because the transmitter in the user device is not strong enough to send a message back to the distant access point). Taking advantage of multiple communications technologies is especially important within large buildings, industrial complexes, or other places where cellular coverage is limited or non-existent. 
         [0047]    In step  602 , at least some of the people receive the “breach of peace” alert. To avoid malicious use of this feature, the alert should include authenticity information. Because some people might not be affected by some alert situations (e.g., they may not be sensitive to high pollen counts), the alert may be ignored by some recipients in step  604 . If the alert is authentic, and if it applies to this particular person, then the recipient is informed in step  606 . The recipient then takes appropriate action. 
         [0048]    Note that as with other scenarios, the “breach of peace” alert can contain detailed information from the sensors and information-capture devices  304 ,  306 . For example, the alert can describe the extent of flooding or give the exact locations of the sensors  304  that heard a gunshot. As the incident progresses, this information can change, and updates to the alert can be sent out in step  612 . For example, the position of a terrorist can be tracked by the decibel sensors or by cameras or microphones. With updated alert information, innocent people can flee while security forces can gather quickly to the correct location to resolve the incident. 
         [0049]      FIG. 7  gives an example of the type of information that can be included in the “breach of peace” alert. Displayed on a user&#39;s personal communications device  112  (e.g., on the display screen of a cellphone) is a textual description  700  of the incident and, if useful, a map. The map indicates the area of danger  702 . If the location of the user is known by the system, then the map can display the user&#39;s current location and suggest a route to safety. Directions to safety may also be given by voice prompts. 
         [0050]    The information illustrated in  FIG. 7  may also be given to security forces responding to the incident. In some cases, these personnel may be given more detailed information, information which would not be helpful to fleeing bystanders or which should not be given to, for example, a terrorist causing the incident. As just one example, the map sent to security forces could include the locations of all security personnel so that they could coordinate their response. (For security&#39;s sake, it should be assumed that a terrorist has access to all alert information transmitted to bystanders.) 
         [0051]    It is possible than some people will not receive a “breach of peace” alert directed to them. In order to deal with this possibility, recipients of the alert acknowledge their receipt in step  608 . In step  610 , the security service may compare the acknowledgements to the list of registered people and to a list of those people detected in the area and attempt to use other means to find those not responding. This ability is especially useful in fire and flood situations where it has traditionally been very difficult to know when everyone is out of harm&#39;s way. 
         [0052]    Because of the urgent response required by a “breach of peace” alert, users&#39; cellphones  112  (or whatever device they have to receive the alert) may be programmed to interrupt and to override other uses in order to more quickly display the alert. 
         [0053]    In view of the many possible embodiments to which the principles of this invention may be applied, it should be recognized that the embodiments described herein with respect to the drawing figures are meant to be illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. For example, the invention may be used in other environments and may take advantage of communications and sensing technologies other than those illustrated. Therefore, the invention as described herein contemplates all such embodiments as may come within the scope of the following claims and equivalents thereof.