Abstract:
A child-resistant closure container system allowing easy opening by debilitated adults. The closure has moveable panels on the side wall which, when depressed, allow the unscrewing of the closure from the neck of the jar or vial. The moveable panels include gabs engaging stationary locking lugs on the neck finish annulus, which prevent removal of the closure without depressing the tabs. The annulus and stationary locking lugs can be an integral part of the jar or vial.

Description:
This application is a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 08/873,152, filed Jun. 11, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,927,526, which is application was a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 08/551,186, filed Oct. 31, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,671,853. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a child-resistant container closure system which provides easy opening by adults, even debilitated adults, but nevertheless requires manipulation which renders the closure resistant to opening by children. The present invention is composed of an easy-to-manufacture one-piece container and a closure for that container. 
     2. Discussion of the Prior Art 
     Child-resistant packaging is used to prevent inadvertent access by children to potentially dangerous materials such as medications, chemicals or poisons. Providing child-resistant packaging often adds cost and can result in the packaging being difficult for an adult user to open. This difficulty in opening child-resistant packaging is compounded when an adult attempting to open the package is debilitated or has reduced manual dexterity in one or more hands as a result of, e.g., arthritis. Elderly persons tend to rely on medication more than the average person, and also tend to have impaired manual strength and dexterity because of arthritis or age. Therefore, elderly persons can have a more difficult time opening child-resistant packaging. 
     Child-resistant packages exist in the prior art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,917,097 to Uhlig describes a closure with internal flanges engaging abutments on the container- Disengagement of the abutments and flanges is accomplished by pressing opposing finger indentations to flex the flanges out of engagement with the abutments, and thereafter rotating the closure. Flexing of the flanges in this device requires deformation of the circumference of the closure by the user&#39;s fingers. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,984,021, also to Uhlig, and U.S. Pat. No 3,941,268 to Owens et al. describe closures with internal tabs which engage abutments on the container. Again, disengagement of the tabs and abutments is accomplished by flexing opposing sides of the closure until the tabs and abutments disengage, and then rotating the closure. A similar concept is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,208 to Ostrowsky. These devices also require flexing of the closure circumference to disengage the locking feature. 
     Finally, U.S. Pat. No. 5,230,433 to Hamilton et al. describes a closure with pawls which engage push-tab extensions projecting from a sleeve mounted on the container. Disengagement is accomplished by pressing the opposing push-tabs and rotating the closure. 
     Each of the above prior art closures suffer from at. least the disadvantage that they are not easy to remove by debilitated adults, because they require significant force to flex the outer circumference of the closure portion to disengage the locking mechanisms between the closure and the container. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,948,002 and U.S. Design Pat. No. 330,677 also disclose child-resistant packages. These packages suffer from the disadvantage that the part of the package which must be manipulated to disengage the locking portion is on the container. As a result, the user must manipulate the container in one hand to disengage the locking feature, and must manipulate the closure in the other hand by rotating the closure to unscrew it from the container. Thus, manual dexterity in both hands is required to remove the closure, making the closure difficult to remove for those who may be more debilitated in one hand. These packages are also difficult to manufacture because they use a complicated two-piece container assembly as well as a one-piece closure assembly fitting on the container assembly. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a child-resistant closure and container combination that prevents access to the contents of the container by children yet is relatively easy to remove by an adult, even by a debilitated adult having manual dexterity in only one hand. In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide a child-resistant package which is easy and economical to manufacture and assemble. 
     The present invention is a combination of a closure and a container. The closure has a top wall, an annular skirt, and a closure thread located in the interior of the closure. At least one depressible moveable panel is molded into the annular skirt, and one locking tab is formed on each moveable panel. The moveable panels are spaced from the skirt by gaps, which make the moveable panels more easily radially deformable by the user&#39;s fingers. Preferably two or more moveable panels and locking tabs are provided on the closure. 
     The container includes a receptacle portion for holding the contents. A threaded neck projects upwardly, from the receptacle portion. An annulus encircles the neck, and includes at least one stationary locking lug. The annulus may be formed by the top shoulder of the container. Preferably two stationary locking lugs are provided on the annulus. The stationary locking lugs engage the locking tabs on the closure such that the locking tabs prohibit rotation of the closure off of the container neck unless the movable panels are depressed. 
     The closure and the container may each be made of plastic, although the container may alternatively be made of glass. The closure thread which secures the closure to the container may be on an annular threader skirt which projects from the top wall of the closure. The annular threaded skirt and the annular skirt are substantially concentric. 
     The annular skirt may be serrated or have ribs for ease of gripping by the user. Advantageously there are two each of the moveable panels, the locking tabs, and the stationary locking lugs. The movable panels are advantageously each located 180 degrees apart on the circumference of the closure. 
     Typical products which may be held inside the child-resistant container of the present invention include, but are not limited to, liquid or solid medicines, pills, prescriptions, treatments, as well as soaps, detergents, pesticides, poisons, solvents, industrial chemicals and the like. 
     The closure and container combination according to the present invention is capable of manufacture with conventional equipment used in the manufacture of containers, both glass and plastic, without any substantially burdensome modifications to that equipment. Conventional plastic or glass molding techniques may be used to construct the package of the present invention without difficulty. The container may be manufactured, e.g., by standard bottle injection molding machines. 
     The closure and container combination of the present invention has numerous advantages. First, it can be easily manufactured as a one-piece bottle and one-piece closure. Second, there is no need to manipulate both the bottle and closure to open the package. The closure of the present invention is advantageously designed with movable panels, which allows the closure to be threaded onto the container using automatic threading machinery without additional equipment for manipulating the closure or the container. Finally, the package does not require significant flexing force to disengage the locking portions. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows a side view of a first embodiment of the container portion of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 shows a side view of a first embodiment of a closure of the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 shows a top view of the closure of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view, along line IV—IV, of the closure of FIG. 2, and shows the locking tabs of the closure; 
     is FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional side view, along line V—V, of the closure of FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional side view, along line VI—VI, of the closure of FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 7 shows a top view of the container of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 8 shows a detail cross-sectional view, along line VIII—VIII, of the moveable panel area of the closure of FIG. 6; 
     FIG. 9 shows a side detail view of a stationary locking lag of the present invention; 
     FIG. 10 shows a top detail view of a stationary locking lag of the present invention; 
     FIG. 11 shows an end-on detail view of a stationary locking lag of the present invention; 
     FIG. 12 shows an alternative embodiment of the locking tab of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 13 shows an alternative embodiment of the container of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     FIGS. 1-13 show the construction of a child-resistant closure and container combination of the present invention. A closure  110  is mounted on a container  150  through interengaging threads  154 ,  232 , so as to prevent access to the contents of the container. 
     The closure  110  includes top wall  112 , which is generally circular in shape. Projecting from top wall  112  is annular skirt  114 . In the closure so FIG. 2, annular skirt  114  is flared out, allowing a wider range of radial movement of the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′. A wider range of radial movement for moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ makes them less easily manipulable by the small hands of children, thereby ensuring that the closure is especially secure against removal by a child. Annular skirt  114  includes at least one radially-flexible locking device, such as moveable panel  116 . Preferably two moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ are provided, although other numbers are possible. Annular skirt  114  may include serrations or ribs  114   a , which make gripping the closure  110  easier. The outer surface of the movable panels  116 ,  116 ′ should preferably not include serrations or ribs, thereby distracting children from gripping or manipulating the movable panels  116 ,  116 ′. Molded to a radially inner surface of each of the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ is a locking tab  120 , which may have a rectangular cross-section, or may have one. surface formed as a circular arc  300 . (see FIGS. 8 and 12) The circular arc  300 ,  300 ′ of locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ can, ease the locking tab  120 ,  120 ′ over the stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′ during tightening of closure  110  on container neck  152 . A portion of the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ closest to the top wall  112  is molded integrally to the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ at web  301 ,  301 ′. The other portion of the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ is spaced from the moveable panel  116 ,  116 ′ by gaps G, G′. The gaps G, G′ between the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ and the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ allow the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ to flex in the radial direction, thereby allowing the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ to flex around stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′ during tightening of the closure  110  on container  150 . The stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′ pass through the gaps G, G′ during tightening of the closure  110  on the container neck  152 . 
     FIG. 6 shows a cross-section of the closure, showing the interior of the closure. Annular threaded skirt  132  projects from the top wall  112  and is generally concentric with annular skirt  114 . The threads  232  on threaded skirt  132  engage corresponding threads  154  on a container neck  152  to hold the closure  110  onto the container  150 . The threads  232  must be of sufficient length to ensure that locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ ride over stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′ when the closure  110  is tightened on container neck  152 . The closure  110  may include stabilization webs  700 , which provide stability between the annular skirt  114  and the annular threaded skirt  132 . 
     In addition, the thread system on the closure  110  and container  150  may include multiple threads. Two or more separate threads may be included on each of the closure  110  and the container  150 . U.S. Pat. No. 5,213,225 teaches such a system, in which the threads only circle the closure and container neck a fraction of a circumference. Using this system, the closure only requires a partial rotation in order to be removed from the container neck. This “quick-off” feature may be advantageous for those users who encounter difficulty when opening containers. 
     The structure of a container according to an embodiment of the present invention is generally shown in FIGS. 1 and 7. In FIG. 1, container  150  is shown as having a containing portion  158 . The neck  152  extends upwardly from the container shoulder  168 . This neck  152  has an annular lip  162  defining an opening through which the contents of the container  150  may be dispensed. Surrounding neck  152  is at least one container thread  154 . Thread  154  engages a corresponding thread  232  on the closure  110  to secure the closure  110  on the container  150 . 
     Flaring outward from neck  152  is annulus or extension  160 . Extension  160  has an outer perimeter  156  which merges with container body  158 . Extension  160  may be defined by a generally flat ring-shaped annulus or floor concentric with the axis of the container  150  (FIG.  1 ), or may be a flange projecting from the container neck  152  (FIG.  13 ). Mounted onto extension  160  is at least one stationary locking lug  164 . In FIG. 1, two stationary locking lugs are shown,  164  and  164 ′. As shown in FIG. 10, the stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′ have a radially outer surface  400 . Outer surface  400  is shaped in the form of a circular arc with a centerpoint corresponding to the axis of the container  150 . A locking face  402  extends along a radius of the container  150  axis. An inner surface  401  is preferably formed perpendicular to the locking face  402 . Inner surface  401  need not be perpendicular to locking face  402 , however, and need only be a surface which, from its leading edge  405  to its trailing edge  406 , projects radially inwardly. This radial inward projection of inner surface  401  ensures that the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ will be deformed radially inwardly as they ride over the stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′. The inner surface  402  is preferably formed on a parting line of the mold used to make the container  150 . 
     In operation of the closure  110  of the present invention, as the closure  110  is rotated on the threads  154  in a tightening direction, the circular arc  300 ,  300 ′ of locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ (or in the embodiment of FIG. 12, the leading corner  303  of locking tab  120 ) contacts the inner surface  401  of the stationary locking lug  164  at leading edge  405 . Further rotation of the closure  110  in the tightening direction flexes the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ radially inwardly, such that the radially outer surface of locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ slides along the inner surface  401 . As the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ slide along the inner surface  401 , the stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′ pass into the gap G between the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ and the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′. After the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ have slid over inner surface  401 , the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ snap radially outwardly, such that the trailing surfaces  304  of locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ engage locking face  402  of stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′. The engagement between trailing surface  304  and locking face  402 , both of which are located along a radius of the container  150  axis, prevents reverse rotation of the closure  110  relative to the container without manipulation of the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′. 
     To disengage the closure  110  from the container  150 , a user places a finger on each moveable panel  116 ,  116 ′ and depresses the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′. The moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ easily flex radially inwardly because of is the gaps  500  between the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ and the annular skirt  114 . These gaps ensure that the force necessary to disengage the locking lugs  120 ,  120 ′ is only that force necessary to flex the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ against the resistance of the moveable panel hinge  600 . This radial movement causes the radially outward face of locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ to be placed radially inward of the inner face  401  of the stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′. Rotation of the closure in an untightening direction causes the stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′ to pass into the gaps G between the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ and the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′. In this position, the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ may be rotated past the stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′, upon an untightening rotation of the closure  110  relative to the container  150 . After the locking tabs  120 ,  120 ′ pass the stationary locking lugs  164 ,  164 ′, the closure  110  may be unscrewed off the container neck  152  in a known manner. 
     The use of locking tabs  120  allows depression of moveable panels  116  to directly move each locking tab  120  out of engagement with stationary locking lugs  164  and  164 ′. In this way, the user has far more control over the disengagement of the child-resistant feature than when the locking tab is only indirectly manipulated. Furthermore, because perimeter  156  may be made to be flush with annular skirt  114 , a pleasing overall appearance is provided by the continuous character of the container  150  and closure  110 . However, because of the gaps  500  between the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ and the annular skirt  114  as well as the moveable panel hinge  600  connecting the moveable panels  116 ,  116 ′ to the top wall  112 , the locking mechanism is much easier to disengage than a closure in which the circumference of the closure must be deformed to unlock the locking mechanism. 
     It is, of course, understandable and to be expected that variations in the principles of construction disclosed herein in the embodiment may be made by one skilled in the art and it is intended that such modifications, changes, and substitutions are to be included within the scope of the present application. For example, while two stationary locking lugs and two locking tabs have been shown in the pictured embodiments, any number of such features are contemplated by the closure and container combination of the present invention. The scope of the present application is limited only by the language of the claims appended hereto.