Abstract:
A method for cleaning or restoring a surface using a mop that is attached to a carrier block. A flowable pesticide or restorative material is applied and removed by passing the mop over and in contact with the material that is applied in closely timed relationship. The method further utilizes different mops attached to the carrier block for each phase, one of which has grommets for attaching the mops to the carrier block.

Description:
This is a divisional application of application Ser. No. 09/095,947, filed Jun. 11, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,085,377 which application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/964,154 filed Nov. 6, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,005. 
    
    
     This invention relates generally to treatment of surfaces, such as cleaning surfaces; and more particularly, to improvements in mops, mop retention, and mounting, apparatus for scrubbing and mopping of surfaces by force application, as via an elongated handle; and surface treatment methods, including substantially simultaneous application to such surfaces of pesticide and traction treatment materials, as for example prior to or subsequent to surface cleaning. 
     Many surfaces to be cleaned contain interstices, cracks or crevices, in which dirt particles become embedded or otherwise build up. Examples are cracks between tiles forming tiled surfaces, cracks and crevices in marble, clay, concrete, or synthetic material flooring, and surface interstices in many different types of floors. It is extremely difficult to remove such embedded or built up dirt particles using conventional mopping apparatus and/or procedure. It becomes necessary to scrub such surfaces, using a brush or brushes having bristles that can reach and remove the embedded soil or dirt particles. 
     In the past, it was known to provide for scrubbing and mopping of floor surfaces, using elongated handled equipment; however, such equipment lacked the unusually advantageous improvements in structure, functions and results, as are now enabled and produced by the present invention, and meeting needs for improved and more effective use and operation, as will appear. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is a major object of the invention to provide improved apparatus and methods meeting the above needs. Basically, the improved mop aspect of the invention concerns a mop, as is easily and readily applied to a carrier, and is easily and readily removable from the carrier as for replacement. The mop comprises: 
     a) a laterally extending head band, and mopping strands extending generally longitudinally from the head band, and 
     b) two grommets attached to the head band to define through openings for passing fasteners that attach the mop to the carrier. 
     As will appear, the head band may typically have lateral length  11 , and a medial region, the grommets being spaced apart from the medial region at a spacing l 2 , and where l 2  is substantially less than l 1 . Further, the grommets are typically, equally spaced from the lateral ends of the head band for balanced attachment of the mop to the carrier, as by fasteners which are spaced at equal distances from the center of the carrier. 
     Another object is to provide a mop with grommets, as referred to, to be attached to a carrier block, which also carries scrubbing means presented downwardly toward a surface to be scrubbed, the mop, attached via the two grommets to a forward surface of the carrier, whereby the mopping strands extend forwardly longitudinally beyond the scrubbing means, thereby enabling ready mopping and scrubbing simultaneously of a surface to be cleaned. 
     It is another object of the invention to provide improved apparatus for scrubbing a surface, and comprising, in combination: 
     a) a supporting carrier, including a block and scrubbing means carried by the carrier, to project toward the surface for scrubbing that surface, 
     b) first means for attaching an elongated handle to the carrier to extend in a first direction from the carrier, 
     c) and structure for attaching a mop to the carrier with mop strands extending in generally parallel relation with that surface and in mopping contact therewith as the scrubbing means simultaneously engages that surface, for simultaneous mopping and scrubbing of that surface, as the handle extends at an angle to the surface to displace the carrier, scrubbing means and mop parallel to the floor surface, 
     d) and including the mop having a head band attached to the carrier at a first side of the carrier, there being at least two grommets attached to the head band to define through openings for passing fasteners that attach the mop to the carrier. 
     As referred to, the fasteners typically and advantageously pass through the grommet openings and into the carrier block, at locations equally spaced from the center of the block, such spacings together being less than the overall width of the block, to provide advantages, as will appear. 
     An additional object is to provide a carrier that has first and second parts which are relatively movable longitudinally, the scrubbing means carried by at least one of the parts, the parts relatively adjustably movable longitudinally to clamp the mop head. 
     Another object is to provide structure associated by the carrier and having teeth presented toward and gripping engaging the head band, at lateral sides of the grommets. 
     A further object is to provide structure that includes an adjustable clamp for adjustably clamping the mop head, and having a first position in which the mop head is removable from attachment to the carrier, and a second position in which the mop head is attached to the carrier. The clamp typically has a part with adjustable screw thread fastener attachment to the carrier. An additional object includes the provision of scrubbing means on the carrier block, which is either bristles or in the form of a scrubbing pad, these elements located rearwardly of the mopping grommets. The bristles may include rows of bristles, with the bristles of one row having lengths greater than bristles in other rows, one row extending parallel to the mop head. 
     A yet further object is to provide an improved mop having a head band that extends in a lateral direction, and fastener supports providing openings through the head band, the supports being laterally spaced apart, so that a plane which extends in a longitudinal direction substantially normal to the head band and bisecting the spacing between the fastener supports also substantially bisects the mop. 
     An additional object is to provide a surface treatment method, which includes: 
     a) applying a flowable pesticide material to the surface, as for example to corners and crevices of a room, 
     b) and applying a flowable surface restorative or traction material to the surface, as for example a walkway, such applications being location and timewise related, as for example, to contiguous surfaces in a room, and the applications effected during the same work period. 
     Selected portions or excess portions of the applied materials may be removed by providing and passing at least one mop over and in contact with the flowable material or materials on the surface or surfaces.. 
     These and other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as the details of an illustrative embodiment, will be more fully understood from the following specification and drawings, in which: 
    
    
     DRAWING DESCRIPTION 
     FIG. 1 is a side elevation, in section, of apparatus embodying the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a three dimensional view of the FIG. 1 apparatus, without the mop attached; 
     FIG. 3 is an exploded view like that of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 4 is an enlarged section taken on lines  4 — 4  of FIG. 2; 
     FIGS. 5-7 are elevations like FIG. 1 but showing modifications; 
     FIG. 8 is a view like FIG. 2 but showing a modification; 
     FIG. 9 is an exploded view, like FIG. 3, of the FIG. 8 modification; 
     FIG. 10 is a plan view of a first of the parts seen in FIG.  8  and having a top protrusion; 
     FIG. 11 is a section taken on lines  11 — 11  of FIG. 10; 
     FIG. 12 is a bottom plan view of a FIG. 10 part; 
     FIG. 13 is a front view taken on lines  13 — 13  of FIG. 10; 
     FIG. 14 is a top plan view of the other of the carrier parts seen in FIG. 9; 
     FIG. 15 is a front view taken on lines  15 — 15  of FIG. 14; 
     FIG. 16 is an end view taken on lines  16 — 16  of FIG. 15; 
     FIG. 17 is an end view taken on lines  17 — 17  of FIG. 15; 
     FIG. 18 is a fragmentary elevation taken on lines  18 — 18  of FIG. 9; 
     FIG. 19 is a section taken on lines  19 — 19  of FIG. 9; 
     FIG. 20 is a view like FIG. 2 showing a further modification; 
     FIG. 21 is a front elevation showing a swingable second part of the apparatus seen in FIG. 20; 
     FIG. 22 is a plan view taken on lines  22 — 22  of FIG. 21; 
     FIG. 23 is an elevation taken on lines  23 — 23  of FIG. 22; 
     FIG. 24 is an end elevation taken on lines  24 — 24  of FIG. 22; 
     FIG. 25 is an enlarged fragmentary end view taken on lines  25 — 25  of FIG. 20; 
     FIG. 26 is a section showing ratcheted interconnection of the first and second parts in FIG. 20 condition; 
     FIG. 27 is a plan view of an improved mop to be used with carrier apparatus generally of the type described in FIGS. 1-26; 
     FIG. 28 is a section taken on lines  28 — 28  of FIG. 27; 
     FIG. 29 is a section taken on lines  29 — 29  of FIG.  28  and showing mop attachment to a carrier block, via fasteners and grommets; 
     FIG. 30 is a section taken through mop head band gripping means having teeth; 
     FIG. 31 is a view taken on lines  31 — 31  of FIG. 13; 
     FIG. 32 is a schematic showing of spacings related to head band and grommet attachment to a carrier block; and 
     FIG. 33 is a flow diagram showing a surface treatment process employing multiple treatment materials, and as also related to mopping. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In FIG. 1, one form of the apparatus  10 , for scrubbing and mopping a surface  11 , such as a floor, is shown in operating position. The basic elements comprise a scrub brush  12  that includes a carrier  13 , and bristles  14  having their upper ends  14   a  carried by the carrier at its underside. The bristles project, as for example, downwardly as shown, toward the surface  11  in position for contacting that surface at bristle lower ends  14   b.    
     Water and/or chemical cleaner may be applied to that surface, as at  15  and  16 , to aid in bristle dislodgment of soils, grit and dirt particles from interstices and cracks in that surface. These are indicated at  17 , and may take various forms. 
     Carrier  13  is typically laterally elongated in directions  19 , as seen in FIG. 2, and relative to a longitudinal axis  21 , seen in FIG.  3 . Carrier  13  may consist of wood, plastic, or other material, and has an upper side  23 , a bottom side  24  from which the bristles project, a front side  25 , a rear side  26 , and opposite ends  27  and  28 . Side  25  may be perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, to axis  21 , and to the planes of upper and lower sides  23  and  24 . Surface  24  may be beveled as at  24   a,  to facilitate rocking of the carrier, as during use. 
     First means is provided, as at  30 , for attaching an elongated handle  31  to the carrier, to extend in a first direction from the carrier, which may have block shape. Such first means may, for example, include female screw threading at  32  formed in a recess  33  sunk downwardly and forwardly in a protrusion  13   a  at the carrier top side  23 , mid-way between opposite ends  27  and  28 . The lower end portion  31   a  of the handle may form or carry complementary male threading to rotatably attach to threading  32 , whereby the handle is firmly connected to the carrier, to extend upwardly and rearwardly at an angle a relative to and above axis  21 . 
     Another basic element of the apparatus comprises a mop seen at  35  and having flaccid strands  36  shown in FIG. 1, as extending forwardly of the front side  25  of the carrier in direction  37 . Second means is provided for attaching the mop to the carrier, whereby the strands  36  extend in generally parallel relation with surface  11 , the lower strands freely engaging that surface, for mopping same when the carrier  13  is moved frontwardly and rearwardly in directions  40 , as seen in FIG. 1, and simultaneously with bristle scrubbing engagement with the surface. 
     Accordingly, the downward component  41  of handle force  42  exerted on carrier  13  acts to push the bristles downwardly into and over the crevices, cracks and interstices  17  at the same time as the forward component  43  of handle force pushes or displaces the flaccid mop strands  36  forwardly, and subsequently the rearward component  43   a  of handle force pulls the strands  36  rearwardly over the interstices and cracks  17 , to displace liquid into and from the crevices and cracks  17 , carrying away or removing the bristle loosened soils and dirt. Fresh, aqueous liquid and/or cleaner is simultaneously mopped into the crevices or cracks to aid in loosening remaining soils and dirt, as the bristles are subsequently displaced forwardly again, with downward force component applicable at  41  to further or complete the soils and dirt loosening in the cracks and crevices filled with mopped liquid. The downwardly yieldable resilient spring aspect of the relatively stiff bristles assists in their penetration of the cracks and crevices under the influence of the downward force component  41 . 
     The mop  35  has flaccid strand lateral dimension approximating the lateral dimension  44   a  of the brush carrier, and bristles, whereby the simultaneous mopping and scrubbing effect, as described, is attained throughout the approximately equal lateral extents of the carrier and mop. 
     Further, preferred attachment of the mop head  50  proximate the front side  25  of the carrier  13 , above the level of the floor (see dimension  51  in FIG. 1) attains maximum proximity of the main extent of the mop to the floor  11 , to enhance mopping and scrubbing effect, as described, while also facilitating direct, forward and rearward force transmission from the carrier to the mop head  50  and to the mop  35 , for ease of required force transmission (push and pull) to the handle from the user&#39;s arm. 
     The mop head  50  consists of a tightly gathered bundle of mop strand portions, which may be clamped together, as at  50   a.  The tight bundle also provides a semi-rigid support and holder for attachment of the mop head to the front side  25  of the carrier  13 , with the laterally elongated head  50  in parallel relation to the laterally elongated carrier front side or side wall  25 . A mutually supporting relation of the head and carrier is thereby achieved. 
     Manually adjustable structure is provided for adjustably attaching the mop head to the carrier  13 . In the preferred embodiment of FIGS. 1-3, a second carrier part  13   b  is provided to be movable relative to the above-described carrier  13  (or first carrier part); and second part  13   b  is adjustably movable longitudinally to clamp the mop head. In FIG. 1, the part  13   b  is adjustably movable leftwardly, i.e., forwardly, relative to carrier  13 , to cause the V-shaped surfaces  13   c  and  13   d  to clamp and center the mop head at engagement location  13   c′  and  13   d′.    
     The adjustable structure also includes a bail  65  carried by carrier  13  to adjustably swing about an axis  66 , into mop head clamping position, i.e., the position seen in FIG.  1 . The bail has pivotal attachment, as at  67 , to side openings  67   a  in walls  27  and  28  of the carrier  13 , whereby bail cross bar  65   a  can be swung upwardly, allowing the mop head to be fitted over the bar  65   a,  and subsequently swung downwardly to FIG. 1 position. Thereafter, the carrier part  13   b  in the form of a bar is displaced leftwardly to FIG. 1 position, to clamp the mop head between cross bar  65   a  and the V-shaped surfaces  13   c  and  13   d.  Three-point support of the mop head is thereby achieved, locating it against slippage up or down, or otherwise, from the position shown. Carrier part  13   b  acts as a clamp, for the mop head. 
     Rotation of an adjustable rotor  69  shifts the carrier part  13   b  to the left and to the right, as needed, the rotor surface  69   a  protruding above the top surfaces of  13   b  and of  13 , to allow easy adjustment. The rotor may carry a shaft  70  that projects longitudinally into carrier  13 , to have threaded engagement with a nut  71  attached to  13 , whereby as the rotor is rotated, it moves longitudinally with  13   b.  The rotor may have suitable attachment to  13   b,  as at  72 , allowing rotor rotation, and also travel with  13   b.    
     FIGS. 3 and 4 show guide pins  80  and  81  carried by part  13   b,  and projecting longitudinally rearwardly for reception in guide bores  80   a  and  81   a  in carrier block  13 , to guide longitudinal movement of  13   b  relative to  13 . Upward projections  80   b  and  81   b  on the pins are received in slots  84  and  85  in the carrier block, and are engageable with slot terminal shoulders  84   a  and  85   a  to prevent removal of  13   b  from  13 . 
     FIG. 5 is like FIG. 1 excepting that a scrubbing pad  90  is substituted for the bristles. 
     FIG. 6 shows both bristles  91  and a scrubbing pad  92 , substituted for the bristles of FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 7 shows bristles  96  in one lateral row of relatively shorter length; and bristles  97  in other lateral rows of relatively longer length. FIG. 7 also shows a modified carrier second part  13   b′  attached at  100  to carrier part  13 . Carrier second part  13   b′  is C-shaped to form clamp jaws  101  and  102 , for clamping the mop head. A threaded shaft  103  engages threading at  104  and  105  in the clamp to move the jaws toward or away from one another, as a rotor  105  is rotated in one direction or the other. 
     Threading  104  is in reverse sense relative to threading  105 . A lever arm  110  may project from the shaft or from the rotor, to provide greater clamping force, as the lever is rotated about axis  111 . An over-center detent may be provided. 
     Note that in FIGS. 1-7, attachment of the mop head to the carrier is provided at a second location  52  (see FIG. 4) forwardly spaced from the first means of attachment of the handle to the carrier block. This assures that the downward component of force  41  will be substantially completely transmitted to the scrubbing means, and not to the mop itself, for maximum scrubbing effect. Spacing  51  assures this. Note in this regard that the second location  52  attachment and the attachment at  30  define an upright and forward plane that bisects the carrier body or block. That plane bisects the scrubbing means, the mop head  50  and the mop  35  for optimum stability during use. 
     In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8-19, the carrier second part, which is relatively movable longitudinally, with respect to the carrier first part, has attachment to that first part at substantially laterally spaced locations, generally indicated at  110  and  111  in FIG.  8 . The first part is generally indicated at  112 , and the second part is generally indicated at  113 . Part  112  corresponds to carrier  13 ; and the carrier second part  113  corresponds generally to carrier part  13   b  in FIG. 2, in that it is movable longitudinally relative to part  112 . Part  113 , in the form of a bar extending between locations  110  and  111 , also incorporates the functions of the bar  65  seen in FIG. 2, in that it attaches the mop to the carrier structure. 
     Two fasteners, such as those indicated at  116  and  117 , are provided at the laterally spaced locations, such fasteners being adjustable to allow relative longitudinal movement of the parts  112  and  113 . For example, as seen in FIG. 9, fastener  116  has a shank  116   a  that extends through an opening  118  in a lug  119  on bar part  113 ; and likewise, fastener  117  has a shank  117   a  that extends through an opening  120  in a lug  121  on the other end of the bar part  113 . There are corresponding openings at  122  and  123  in the carrier part  112 , to receive the fastener shanks, which may be threaded for tightening purposes. Tightening of the two fasteners adjustably clamps the mop head in the laterally elongated space  125 , between  112  and  113 ; and lugs  119  and  121  may seat against the front surface of the part  112  at locations  126  and  127  for positioning purposes. Loosening of the fasteners allows quick and easy removal of the mop. 
     Referring to FIGS. 9 and 12 showing the bottom side of the carrier  112 , bristles may be located at areas or zones  130  and  131  to extend downwardly for engagement with the floor. Note also in FIGS. 18 and 19 the coving of the underside of the carrier  112 , at location  132 . This allows upright positioning of the carrier, during use, against a wall, so that the bristles at  131  can extend to the intersection of the floor and the wall for scrubbing at that location, very close to the wall. Similar coving is shown at  24   a  in FIG.  2 . Upright protrusion  140  on  112  corresponds to  13   a  in FIG.  2 . 
     Reference is now made to the modification in FIGS. 20-26. As shown, the first carrier part  212  is generally like that seen at  13  and also at  112 , and carries bristles and/or a scrubbing pad at its underside. 
     The second carrier part  213  is attached to the first part at substantially laterally spaced locations  210  and  211 . Laterally elongated, bar-shaped part  213  has pivoted attachment at one of such locations, as for example location  210 , whereby the second part  213  is swingable frontwardly toward and away from the first part, for example as indicated by the arrows  235  in FIG. 20. A vertical pivot axis is provided at  210   a,  seen in FIG. 20, and also in FIGS. 21 and 23. A lug  219  on the bar part  213  has rotary attachment to structure on the carrier part  212  to allow such pivoting. A fastener  216  may also be provided at that location, to adjustably connect the lug to the carrier part  212 . 
     The first and second parts  212  and  213  are shown to have longitudinally adjustable attachment to one another at the second of such locations, generally indicated at  211 . Such longitudinally adjustable attachment is shown to be provided in this form of the invention, as by a ratchet connection between such parts. 
     The ratchet teeth on the carrier part  212  are shown at  237  in FIG. 25, whereby they are at the laterally located end wall of the carrier. The ratchet teeth  238 , associated with the bar part  213 , are provided on an arm  239 , which extends longitudinally, and has one end  239   a  integral with the right end of the bar  213 . See also FIGS. 22 and 24. When the arm  213  is pivoted toward the carrier part  212 , the ratchet teeth  237  and  238  come into adjustable interconnection, as seen in FIG. 26, to hold the part  213  adjustably frontwardly attached to the part  212 , with a space  240  therebetween that receives the mop head, in the manner described in FIGS. 8 and 9. 
     In this regard, arm  239  may be adjustably positioned, longitudinally, to engage the ratchet teeth at relative positions to firmly retain the mop head in position. To release this interconnection, a lug  242  at the opposite end of the arm may be pulled in direction  243  in FIG. 20, disengaging the ratchet teeth and allowing part  213  to be swung away from part  212 . The mop, including its head, may then be withdrawn from positioning between parts  212  and  213 . The ratchet connection enables adjustable tightening or loosening of the mop head retained to the carrier structure. 
     Referring to FIGS. 27-29, the modified and herein preferred mop  135  has flaccid strands  136  extending at  136   a  at one longitudinal side of the head band  150 , and at  136   b  at the opposite longitudinal side of the head band. The head band is shown extending laterally in FIG. 27; and it may consist of upper and lower fabric layers  150   a  and  150   b  that bind to the mop strands  136  passing between those layers. Stitching to bind the head band and strands together is seen at  151 , as in FIG.  27 . Fabric layer end portions are seen at  150   c  and  150   d.    
     Two fasteners  152  connect the mop head band to the block-shaped carrier  153  corresponding to carrier  13 , as for example is shown in FIG.  29 . Such attachment is typically facilitated by the provision of two grommets  160 , which form openings  161  to closely pass the fasteners, those openings extending through the head band. The grommets serve to laterally stabilize the connection of the mop head band to the carrier block, and to allow ready connection to the mop to the carrier block, and disconnection, facilitating quick replacement of the mop. Also, the grommets spread transfer forces from the mop to the carrier block and vice versa, throughout the grommet area, which substantially exceeds the fastener cross-sectional area. 
     FIG. 29 shows grommet gripping of the mop strands  136 ′ between grommet corrugated, generally parallel, discs  162  and  163 . Those discs have inner edges  162   a  and  163   a  retained by a grommet sleeve  164  having radially outwardly turned annular edge portions  164   a  and  164   b,  which act to retain the discs in mop strand clamping relation. Also, as seen in FIG. 29, the sleeve edge portions are clamped between the wall  153   a  of block  153 , and wall  168   a  of clamp bar  168 . The latter provides two openings  169 , which pass the shanks  152   a  of two fasteners  152 . Fastener thread  152   b  engage thread  170  in the block  153 . The fastener typically has a wing nut-type adjustment at  171 . 
     FIG. 32 shows the positioning of the grommet parallel axes  172  and  173  at a lateral separation l 2 . The head band has an overall lateral length about equal to the width l 1  of the block front wall  153   a.  The lateral length l 2  is substantially less than l 1 , but is substantially greater than ½ l 1 , providing lateral stability of the mop connection to the carrier block. 
     A plane  175  extending longitudinally (i.e., normal to the plane of FIG. 32) and passing through the handle (and preferably the handle axis) also bisects the lateral spacing between the grommets and also the lateral spacing l 2  between the grommet axes. 
     The part  153   a  of the carrier and part  168   a  of the arm  168  are adjustably relatively movable longitudinally, to clamp and unclamp the mop head band, as described. Part  168  may comprise an arm carried by block  153  to adjustably swing into mop head band clamping position, as in the manner of the FIG. 20 embodiment. 
     FIGS. 30 and 31 show provision of conical teeth  180  attached or molded to  153  and  168  to protrude from faces or walls  153   a  and  168   a  toward the head band, to penetrate the head band. Such teeth are typically laterally spaced from the grommets. 
     The structure of the apparatus, other than of the mop and its grommets, may take any of the forms of FIGS. 1-26. 
     Referring to FIG. 33, it shows a three-step surface treatment process, applicable for example to room surfaces, such as floors and walls. The first step indicated at  210  is the application of a flowable spray-on pesticide to first surfaces, at room corners and crevices, as may be accomplished by workers in the evening. 
     The second step, indicated at  211 , is the application of a traction restorative or restoratives to adjacent or contiguous floor surfaces, as for example walkways in the same room or room where the first surfaces are located as by the same workers, and generally at the same time as the pesticide application. Such closely related applications enhance efficiency and enable visible surface area application differentiation, as is useful in relation to subsequent mopping. The restorative typically chemically reacts with silica or silica-containing materials in the floor. 
     These steps,  210  and  211 , may then be followed by later application of a mop to the treated surface or surfaces, the mop being aqueously wetted, for example. See step  212 . The restorative materials are typically in aqueous carrier solution, and therefore excess materials may be removed by the absorbing characteristics of the mop, passed back and forth over the surface or surfaces. The mop strands are then squeezed to remove the picked up materials. 
     The mop of the present invention is particularly useful in this process, due to its capability for quick attachment to, and removal from, the carrier block, as via the described grommet openings and fasteners. Thus, one mop attached to the carrier block may be employed for spreading and/or scrubbing the pesticide sprayed on the surface; it may be removed and a second mop attached to the block for spreading and/or scrubbing the restorative; and after removal of the second mop, a third mop may be attached to the carrier block, for use in picking up the excess flowable materials from the surface. 
     Representative pesticides include the following, which are known: 
     botanicals 
     pyrethroids 
     inorganics 
     organophosphates, carbamates, and other neurotransmitter disrupters 
     bait toxicants 
     fumigants 
     insect growth regulators 
     others 
     Examples of botanicals include pyrethrum, rotenone, ryania, and di-limonene and other related terpenes. 
     Examples of inorganics include boric acid, sodium fluoride, silica aerogel (a type of fumed silica), and diatomaceous earth. 
     Examples of carbamates include carbaryl (Sevin™), propoxur (Baygon™), and bendiocarb (Fica™). 
     Examples of bait toxicants include inorganic insecticide boric acid (Drax™, MRF 2000™, NiBan™ FG, and others), and the organic materials hydramethylnon (Maxforce™, Subterfuge™, and Siege™), sulfluramid (ProControl™ and FluorGuard™), and abamectin (Avert™). 
     Examples of fumigants include napthalene and paradichlorobenzene, aluminum phosphide (Phostoxim™), and magnesium phosphide (Mag Tox™). 
     Representative surface restoratives include fluoride-containing compounds selected from the group essentially consisting of hydrofluoric acid, ammonium, bifloride, or other silica reactive or organic acid family groupings. Fluoride-containing compounds may be formulated with institutional and industrial grade fluoride. 
     Mops, other than those described herein, may be used in the three-step process of FIG. 33; however, mops, as described herein, are preferred, due to their unusual advantages and use characteristics.