Abstract:
Apparatus and methods for auditing a transaction record are provided. The transaction record may correspond to a credit card transaction. The auditing may include identifying a surcharge violation. The surcharge violation may be an unlawful surcharge. The auditing may identify patterns of double surcharging. Transaction-level auditing may include ensuring that a surcharge is returned upon a product return. A mobile wallet application may allow consumers to access and/or report merchant surcharge compliance activity. Functionality may include surcharge receipt scanning for use in crosschecking authenticity of a consumer report. Additional crosscheck functionality provided by geographic location support. Embodiments may include a registry for merchants that certify their surcharge calculations.

Description:
FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY 
       [0001]    Aspects of the disclosure relate to providing apparatus and methods for determining compliance with surcharge rules in connection with a transaction between two or more transaction participants (hereinafter “TP”). 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    In a transaction, a customer (the “customer”) may purchase from a merchant (“the merchant”) goods or services (“the product”) using credit. The credit may be extended to the customer by an issuing bank (the “issuer”). The issuer may authorize the transaction before extending credit to customer. The merchant may present the transaction to an acquiring bank (the “acquirer”). Each transaction presented to the acquirer may be embodied in a transaction record. The acquirer pays the merchant for (and thus “acquires”) the product. A transaction processing network in communication with the issuer and the acquirer settles the transaction between the issuer and the acquirer. The transaction processing network may collect transaction processing network fees from the issuer and the acquirer in connection with the settlement. 
         [0003]    Settling the transaction may include the transaction network receiving a plurality of transactions from the acquirer. Each transaction may be embodied in a transaction record. Each of the plurality of transaction records may comprise an amount authorized by the issuer. In response to receiving the transaction records, the transaction network may debit an account of the issuer. The debit may correspond to the amount authorized by the issuer. The transaction network may credit an account of the acquirer. The amount credited to the acquirer may correspond to the amount authorized. 
         [0004]    Settlement may include a transfer of funds between two or more TPs. The transfer may be a “book transfer,” an inter-bank transfer or any suitable transfer between the TPs. A settlement network may transfer the funds between TPs. Illustrative settlement networks may include the Federal Reserve Wire Network (“Fedwire”) and other suitable settlement networks that are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The settlement network may be any suitable network linking one or more accounts of TPs. 
         [0005]    One TP may impose a transaction cost upon another TP for participating in the transaction. The transaction cost may be referred to as “interchange.” Interchange may be a fixed fee and/or a percentage of the purchase amount. Interchange may be a fixed fee and/or a percentage of the transaction cost. Interchange may be determined based on one or more rules set by a TP. 
         [0006]    Interchange flows from the acquirer, through the transaction processing network, to the issuer. For example, the issuer may transfer to the acquirer an amount net interchange. The issuer typically uses interchange to cover costs of acquiring credit card customers, servicing credit card accounts, providing incentives to retain customers, mitigating fraud, covering customer credit risk, group compensation and other expenses. 
         [0007]    The acquirer may deduct a transaction cost from the amount that the acquirer pays the merchant in exchange for the product. The transaction cost may cover the acquirer&#39;s transaction processing network fee, interchange, and other expenses. The transaction cost may include a profit for the acquirer. 
         [0008]      FIG. 1  shows typical credit card transaction settlement flow  100 . Flow  100  involves TPs such as the merchant, the customer, and transaction service providers that are identified below. At step  1 , the merchant provides information, relating to a proposed transaction between the merchant and a customer, to a transaction authorization and clearance provider. The transaction authorization and clearance provider may be a transaction processing network. The transaction authorization and clearance provider may provide transaction authorization and clearance information to the merchant. The transaction authorization and clearance information may include authorization for the transaction to proceed. 
         [0009]    At step  2 , the merchant provides $100 in product to the customer. The customer pays with a credit card. At step  3 , the issuer transmits to the customer a statement showing the purchase price of ($100.00) due. The issuer collects the purchase price amount, along with interest and fees if appropriate, from the customer. At step  4 , the issuer routes the purchase price amount of ($100.00) through the transaction processing network to the acquirer. At step  5 , the acquirer partially reimburses the merchant for the purchase price amount. In the example shown in  FIG. 1 , the partial reimbursement is $98.00. The difference between the reimbursement amount ($98.00) and the purchase price amount ($100.00) is a two dollar ($2.00) transaction cost. 
         [0010]    At step  6 , the acquirer pays a transaction cost ($1.50), via the transaction processing network, to the issuer. At step  7 , both the acquirer and the issuer pay a transaction cost ($0.07 for acquirer and $0.05 for the issuer) to the transaction processing network. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Net positions, by participant, based on settlement 
               
               
                 flow 100 (shown in FIG. 1). 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Participant 
                 Net ($) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Issuer 
                 1.45 
               
               
                   
                 Acquirer 
                 0.43 
               
               
                   
                 Transaction processing network 
                 0.12 
               
               
                   
                 Merchant 
                 −2.00 
               
               
                   
                 Customer 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0011]    In settlement  100  (shown in  FIG. 1 ), the transaction cost is based on an exemplary merchant discount rate of 2%. The $1.50 interchange is based on an exemplary interchange rate of 1.5%. The sum of the transaction processing network fees ($0.07 and $0.05) is based on a total exemplary transaction processing network fee rate of 0.12%. 
         [0012]    Transaction processing networks and transaction processing network services are offered under trademarks known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Transaction processing networks may set interchange rates. Issuers may set interchange rates. Interchange rates may vary for each transaction processing network. Interchange rates may vary based on merchant type and size, transaction processing method, transaction volume and other factors. 
         [0013]    A merchant, or other TP, may impose a surcharge for accepting a credit card, establish minimum or maximum purchase price amounts or refuse to accept selected payment credit cards. The surcharge may allow the merchant to recover some or all of the transaction cost charged to the merchant by other TPs. The surcharge imposed by the merchant may be determined and/or limited based on a total transaction cost associated with the transaction. The total transaction cost may include interchange, the merchant discount and network fees. 
         [0014]    It would be desirable, therefore, to provide apparatus and methods for auditing a transaction for compliance with one or more surcharge rules. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0015]    The objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout, and in which: 
           [0016]      FIG. 1  shows a prior art scenario; 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with the principles of the invention; 
           [0018]      FIG. 3  shows an arrangement in which apparatus and methods in accordance with the principles of the invention may be used; 
           [0019]      FIGS. 4-8  show illustrative apparatus in accordance with the principles of the invention; 
           [0020]      FIG. 9  shows illustrative information in accordance with the principles of the invention; 
           [0021]      FIG. 10  shows an illustrative scenario in accordance with the principles of the invention; 
           [0022]      FIGS. 11-15  show illustrative information in accordance with the principles of the invention; 
           [0023]      FIG. 16  shows an illustrative scenario in accordance with the principles of the invention; and 
           [0024]      FIG. 17  shows illustrative information in accordance with the principles of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0025]    Apparatus and methods for performing an audit of a transaction are provided. The transaction may involve an acceptance of a payment instrument by a merchant. The transaction may involve a credit, debit, prepaid, automated clearing house, or any suitable payment method involving the transfer of funds from one TP to another. 
         [0026]    The transaction may be a transaction in any state of completion. The transaction may be a prospective transaction. The prospective transaction may include the customer presenting the payment instrument to pay for the product. The prospective transaction may include the merchant collecting payment instrument information from the customer. 
         [0027]    The transaction may be a pending transaction. For example, a transaction may be pending prior to receiving authorization from the issuer. The transaction may be pending during a time between receiving the authorization and settlement. The transaction may be pending during a time prior to collection, by the issuer, of the purchase amount from the customer. 
         [0028]    The transaction may be an executed transaction. Executing the transaction may include a first TP passing the transaction along to a second TP. An executed transaction may include a transaction that has been authorized and settled. 
         [0029]    The transaction may be associated with one or more TPs providing transaction services. Each transaction service may be performed by a TP. In some circumstances, a participant may perform more than one of the services. Each participant may charge a fee for providing the service. The fee may be charged to one or more of the other participants (as shown in  FIG. 1 ). Table 2 shows illustrative TP types. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative transaction participant types. 
               
               
                 Illustrative TP Types 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Merchant 
               
               
                   
                 Customer 
               
               
                   
                 Authorization service provider 
               
               
                   
                 Clearance service provider 
               
               
                   
                 Settlement service provider 
               
               
                   
                 Issuer 
               
               
                   
                 Network 
               
               
                   
                 Acquirer 
               
               
                   
                 Transaction broker 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0030]    More than one participant of a given type may be available to participate in the transaction. Different participants of the same type may have advantages and/or disadvantages relative to the other participants of that type. For example, one issuer may be a member of a lending consortium while another is not a member, one transaction processing network may require payment of a relatively small interchange fee while another network may require payment of a relatively large interchange fee, and the like. 
         [0031]    Illustrative transaction services are listed in Table 3. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative transaction services. 
               
               
                 Illustrative Transaction Service 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Sale of goods to customer 
               
               
                   
                 Authorization of customer credit 
               
               
                   
                 Clearance of customer credit 
               
               
                   
                 Notice of customer balance 
               
               
                   
                 Invoice of customer for bank service 
               
               
                   
                 Invoice of network fee 
               
               
                   
                 Invoice of interchange fee 
               
               
                   
                 Matching of acquirer and issuer 
               
               
                   
                 Acquisition of goods 
               
               
                   
                 Collection of balance from customer 
               
               
                   
                 Settlement of merchant account 
               
               
                   
                 Transfer of funds to acquirer 
               
               
                   
                 Debit of funds from issuer 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0032]    The payment instrument may include a credit card and/or other forms of payment instruments. Such other forms of payment instruments may include: cash, a check, a debit card, an instrument or device that includes a contactless chip, such as an ISO14443-compliant contactless chip, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a transponder or any other suitable electronic purchasing devices. Payment instruments may store data in a magnetic strip, a bar code, a silicon chip, non-volatile computer readable media or any other suitable data storage device or format. The merchant may provide a point-of-sale (“POS”) terminal that is configured to receive data from, provide data to, or exchange data with the payment instrument. 
         [0033]    The payment instrument may be presented to the merchant by the customer as payment for the product. A transaction cost may be associated with acceptance, by the merchant, of the payment instrument as a form of payment. The transaction cost may be an acceptance cost associated with the payment instrument. 
         [0034]    The acceptance cost may include a fee a merchant pays to other TPs. The fee may enable the merchant to accept a payment instrument as form of payment for a product. Payment of the fee may enable the merchant to transmit/receive payments to/from a transaction network or acquirer associated with the payment instrument. 
         [0035]    A TP (hereinafter “TP”) that pays transaction fees to other TPs may impose a surcharge to recoup one or more transaction fees. The surcharge may correspond to an amount charged in addition to a product price. The surcharge may be associated with a particular payment instrument. 
         [0036]    The TP may impose the surcharge to generate a revenue stream. The TP may impose the surcharge on any other suitable TP. For example, the TP may impose the surcharge on a customer or acquirer. 
         [0037]    The surcharge may be defined by one or more surcharge attributes. The surcharge attribute may be any suitable attribute of the surcharge. For example, a surcharge amount may be a surcharge attribute. The surcharge amount may correspond to an amount charged by a TP to accept a payment instrument. The surcharge amount may be charged to a customer that pays for a product using the payment instrument. The surcharge amount may be charged to the customer by a merchant that accepts the payment instrument as a form of payment. The surcharge amount may correspond to all or a portion of the merchant discount paid by the merchant. 
         [0038]    The surcharge amount may be determined based on a percentage of the purchase amount. The surcharge amount may be determined based on a percentage of the transaction cost. The surcharge amount may be a flat fee. The surcharge amount may be a combination of a flat fee and a percentage of the purchase amount. The surcharge amount may be any suitable monetary amount. 
         [0039]    For example, a surcharge imposed by a merchant may be associated with surcharge attributes corresponding to a surcharge amount, a region, a MCC and a payment instrument. Based on the surcharge attributes, a surcharge may be imposed on a purchase made within the region at the location associated with the MCC using the payment instrument. 
         [0040]    The surcharge attribute may include a surcharge fraction (hereinafter “SF”). The surcharge amount may be determined based on the surcharge fraction. The surcharge amount may correspond to a fractional portion of the transaction cost. The surcharge amount may correspond to a fractional portion of the purchase amount. 
         [0041]    The fractional portion may be a product of the SF and the transaction cost. An exemplary SF may be defined by 0≦SF≦1. For example, if the SF is 0.3, the fractional portion may be approximately ⅓ of the transaction cost. The SF may be determined based on a performance metric. The SF may be associated with a transaction attribute. 
         [0042]    The SF may be one. When the SF is one, the surcharge may correspond to the entire transaction cost. The SF may be zero. A SF of zero may correspond to no imposition of a surcharge. When the SF is one, the customer may bear the transaction cost. When the SF is zero, the merchant may bear the transaction cost. When the SF is between zero and one, the transaction cost may be shared by the merchant and customer. 
         [0043]    The surcharge attribute may include a type of the payment instrument. The type of payment instrument may correspond to a brand associated with the payment instrument. The brand may correspond to a transaction processing network that processes transactions initiated using the payment instrument. The type of payment instrument may correspond to a product-type associated with the payment instrument. The product-type may correspond to a “rewards card” or other suitable features of the payment instrument. The TP may impose a surcharge based on specific attributes associated with the brand and/or product-type. 
         [0044]    Exemplary surcharge attributes are listed below in Table 4. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative Surcharge Attributes. 
               
               
                 Illustrative Surcharge Attributes 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Surcharge fraction 
               
               
                   
                 Total surcharge amount 
               
               
                   
                 Fixed fee amount 
               
               
                   
                 Payment instrument 
               
               
                   
                 Payment instrument product type 
               
               
                   
                 Merchant category code 
               
               
                   
                 Product stock keeping unit (“SKU”) 
               
               
                   
                 Transaction network 
               
               
                   
                 Issuer 
               
               
                   
                 Surcharge imposition start time 
               
               
                   
                 Surcharge imposition end time 
               
               
                   
                 Transaction location 
               
               
                   
                 Transaction time 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0045]    The transaction may be associated with one or more transaction attributes. The transaction cost may be based on the one or more of the transaction attributes. The transaction record may include one or more surcharge attributes. A surcharge attribute may include one or more characteristics of a transaction attribute. 
         [0046]    A transaction record may be generated based on transaction attributes received and/or available at a time of purchase. Each transaction record may include one or more fields. Each field may include an attribute associated with the transaction. The attribute may be represented by a value. The value may be stored in the field of the transaction record. 
         [0047]    Table 5 shows illustrative transaction attributes and associated values. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative transaction attributes and associated values. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Illustrative Transaction Attributes 
                 Illustrative Associated Value 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Geographic 
                 Longitude/latitude 
               
               
                   
                   
                 GPS coordinates 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Map coordinates 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Elevation 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Depth 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Distance from a point 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Address 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Zip code 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Area code 
               
               
                   
                   
                 County 
               
               
                   
                   
                 State 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Country 
               
               
                   
                   
                 IP address 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Signal triangulation 
               
               
                   
                 Temporal 
                 Seconds 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Minutes 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hours 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Day 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Week 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Month 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Year 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Duration 
               
               
                   
                 Synoptic 
                 Weather at time of 
               
               
                   
                   
                 transaction 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Stock market performance at 
               
               
                   
                   
                 time of transaction 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Political party in power at 
               
               
                   
                   
                 time of transaction 
               
               
                   
                   
                 TP credit risk 
               
               
                   
                 Transaction amount 
                 Dollars 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Available credit 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Currency 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Foreign exchange rate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Low value purchase 
               
               
                   
                 Number of items purchased 
                 Number 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number of distinct stock 
               
               
                   
                   
                 keeping units (“SKU”) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Purchase amount per item 
               
               
                   
                 Merchant category code 
                 Numerical identifier 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Taxation status 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Associated acquirer 
               
               
                   
                 Surcharge 
                 Surcharge amount 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Surcharge fraction 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Maximum surcharge 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Minimum surcharge 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Percentage of purchase 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Fixed amount 
               
               
                   
                 Payment instrument identifier 
                 Brand 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Rewards 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transaction Network 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Issuer 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Affinity 
               
               
                   
                 Loyalty program 
                 Rewards/point balance 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Membership level 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Duration of membership 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Frequency of use 
               
               
                   
                 Access Channel 
                 Point-of-sale 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Automated teller machine 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Online portal 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Self-service kiosk 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mobile device 
               
               
                   
                   
                 In person 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Surcharge Compliance Registry 
       [0048]    Apparatus and methods may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions. The computer executable instructions, when executed by a processor on a computer system, may perform a method for determining a surcharge compliance score. 
         [0049]    The methods may include receiving a surcharge compliance record (“SCR”). The SCR may be received from a mobile device. The methods may include receiving a proof-of-compliance record (“POCR”). The POCR may be received from the mobile device. The POCR may include proof of information in the SCR. The methods may include determining a compliance score based on the SCR and/or the POCR. The compliance score may be made available to the public. The compliance score may be posted on a website. 
         [0050]    The SCR may include a plurality of compliance attributes. Each compliance attribute may be represented by a value. The compliance attributes may correspond to a surcharge amount, a purchase amount, a payment instrument identifier, a merchant identifier or any suitable transaction attribute. The compliance attribute may correspond to a transaction attribute. 
         [0051]    For example, a customer may purchase a product from a merchant. The merchant may impose a surcharge on credit card transactions that occur at a merchant location. The merchant location may be any suitable location such as a “brick and mortar” location or an e-commerce website. After purchasing the product and paying the surcharge, the customer may report whether the surcharge was properly imposed on the transaction. 
         [0052]    To create the SCR, the customer may open an application on a mobile device. The application may present a digital form to the customer. The application may present the digital form to the customer based on a detected location of the customer. For example, the location of the mobile device may indicate that the customer is at the detected location. Based on the detected location, the customer may be prompted to complete the digital form. Based on the detected location, the customer may not be prompted to enter a location where the transaction occurred. Location information may be pre-filled in the form when the customer opens the form. 
         [0053]    As a further example, a customer may pay for a purchase by presenting credit card information stored on a mobile device. The mobile device may transmit the credit card information to a merchant&#39;s point-of-sale device. After the customer confirms the transaction, the mobile device may prompt the customer to complete a SCR. The mobile device may present the digital form to the customer. 
         [0054]    The digital form may prompt the customer to confirm whether the surcharge was properly determined. The digital form may prompt the customer to enter one or more surcharge attributes. The digital form may prompt the customer to confirm whether the merchant posted signs informing patrons that a surcharge will be imposed on a transaction. The customer may complete the digital form and transmit the form. By submitting the form, the customer may indicate that the merchant or other TP has properly imposed a surcharge. 
         [0055]    The digital form may include pre-filled information. The pre-filled information may include one or more transaction attributes. The pre-filled information may be determined based on a detected location of the mobile device. The pre-filled information may be determined based on a detected time, such as a time of submission of a completed form. 
         [0056]    In some embodiments, the customer may swipe a credit card, or other payment instrument, at a merchant&#39;s point-of-sale terminal. In some embodiments, the customer may enter credit card information into an online form when checking out of an e-commerce website. The digital form may be presented to the customer as part of the checkout process. The digital form may display the maximum allowable surcharge and prompt the customer to confirm that the merchant has not imposed a surcharge greater than the maximum. The customer confirmation may be a compliance attribute. 
         [0057]    The form may be received by an entity that tracks surcharge compliance. The entity may be a TP such as an acquirer or a third party. To support the customer&#39;s confirmation that the surcharge is proper, the POCR may be attached to the SCR. 
         [0058]    The POCR may include an image, a location stamp, a time stamp or any suitable information. For example, the customer may photograph a sign posted by the merchant. The sign may display one or more surcharges currently in effect at a merchant location. The sign may display a surcharge that will be imposed at a future time. 
         [0059]    The customer may photograph a receipt issued by the merchant. The receipt may include one or more transaction attributes. For example, the receipt may include a payment instrument and surcharge amount imposed on the transaction. 
         [0060]    The methods may include identifying a segment of the image. The methods may include extracting information from the segment. The extracted information may correspond to a transaction attribute. For example, a customer may obtain an image of a receipt. The receipt image may include a plurality of segments. A segment may be demarcated by a label. The label may indicate what type of information may be obtained from the segment. If a segment includes a “time” label, a transaction attribute corresponding to a time value may be extracted from the segment. 
         [0061]    Determining the compliance score may include comparing a compliance attribute of the SCR to a transaction attribute extracted from a segment of the proof-of-compliance record. For example, a customer may assert in the SCR, that at a specified merchant location, a surcharge has been properly imposed on a transaction. A segment of a receipt image may be identified. The segment may correspond to an address. The extracted address may be compared to the specified merchant location. The extracted address may confirm that the receipt was issued at the specified merchant location. 
         [0062]    The methods may include determining an authenticity score based on the comparing. The methods may include determining the compliance score preferably only when the authenticity score is above a threshold. 
         [0063]    Determining the compliance score may include receiving a first surcharge attribute. The first surcharge attribute may be received from a TP or any suitable party. The methods may include comparing a second surcharge attribute to the first surcharge attribute. The second surcharge attribute may be extracted from a segment of the proof-of-compliance record. The second surcharge attribute may be extracted from a segment of the image. 
         [0064]    For example, the customer may assert in a SCR that a merchant has imposed a proper surcharge amount to a transaction. A segment of a receipt image may be identified. A payment instrument type may be extracted from the segment. Based on a set of surcharge rules the extracted payment instrument type may be identified as being surchargeable. Based on a set of surcharge rules the extracted payment instrument type may be identified as being unsurchargeable. 
         [0065]    The set of surcharge rules may include one or more surcharge rules. A surcharge rule may be any requirement imposed on a transaction. The surcharge rule may be any rule that effects a determination of one or more surcharge attributes. The surcharge rule may be set by a TP or a third party such as a federal or state government. 
         [0066]    Based on the extracted payment instrument type, the SCR assertion may be corroborated. For example, credit cards may be surchargeable and debit cards may be unsurchargeable. If the customer submits a SCR and the extracted payment instrument type corresponds to debit card, the SCR may be disregarded. 
         [0067]    The methods may include determining the surcharge compliance score based on comparing the second surcharge attribute to the first surcharge attribute. When the first surcharge attribute corresponds to the second surcharge attribute, the surcharge indicated in the SCR may be classified as “compliant.” When the first surcharge attribute does not correspond to the second surcharge attribute, the surcharge indicated in the SCR may be classified as “non-compliant.” A compliant surcharge may be assigned a higher score than a non-compliant surcharge. A SCR that is not corroborated by an attached POCR may be disregarded and may have no effect on the compliance score. 
         [0068]    Determining the compliance score may include identifying a reported surcharge. The reported surcharge may be identified based on the SCR and/or the POCR. The reported surcharge may be identified based on information extracted from the segment of an image. 
         [0069]    To identify the reported surcharge, the methods may include identifying a plurality of transaction attributes. The transaction attributes may be identified based on the SCR and/or the POCR. The identified transaction attribute may correspond to a surcharge amount. The reported surcharge may include the identified surcharge amount. 
         [0070]    The methods may include determining a maximum allowable surcharge. The methods may include comparing the reported surcharge to the maximum surcharge. The compliance score may be determined based on whether the reported surcharge is greater than or less than the maximum surcharge. 
         [0071]    The maximum surcharge may be determined based on a transaction attribute. The maximum surcharge may be determined based on a set of surcharge rules. A transaction processing network may define a surcharge rules. A government agency may define surcharge rules. The surcharge rules may define one or more surcharge attributes. 
         [0072]    The maximum allowable surcharge may be determined based on a plurality of transaction attributes and the set of surcharge rules. Exemplary transaction attributes may include a transaction location, payment instrument or a merchant category code (“MCC”). 
         [0073]    The methods may include adjusting a compliance rating. The compliance rating may be associated with a TP. The compliance rating may be associated with a merchant. The compliance rating may be associated with a merchant location. The compliance rating may be based on a plurality of compliance scores. The compliance rating may be determined based on the compliance score. The compliance rating may be published and made available to the public. 
         [0074]    For example, a merchant may submit an entry to an online surcharge registry. The entry may assert that the merchant will not surcharge transactions. Customers may submit SCRs confirming that the merchant does not surcharge. Customers may submit SCRs asserting that the merchant is imposing a surcharge. Based on the submitted SCRs, the merchant&#39;s compliance rating may be adjusted. If the SCRs confirm that the merchant is not surcharging, the merchant may receive a first compliance rating. If the SCRs indicate that the merchant is surcharging the merchant may be assigned a second compliance rating. The adjustment to the compliance rating may depend on a number of SCR received. The adjustment to the compliance rating may depend on corroborating information included in a number of POCRs attached to the SCRs. 
         [0075]    Apparatus may include an article of manufacture that includes a non-transitory computer usable medium. The computer usable medium may have computer readable program code embodied therein. The program code, when executed by a processor may cause a computer to certify a surcharge behavior. 
         [0076]    The surcharge behavior may be exhibited by a TP. Monitoring the surcharge behavior may include tracking one or more surcharge attributes associated with a surcharge. For example, monitoring the surcharge behavior may include monitoring the surcharge fraction imposed by a merchant on one or more payment instrument transactions. 
         [0077]    The surcharge behavior may correspond to a surcharge schedule. The surcharge schedule may be implemented by a TP. For example, a merchant may impose the surcharge schedule on customers that shop at one or more merchant locations. The one or more merchant locations may be “brick and mortar” locations, online locations, mobile locations or any suitable location. 
         [0078]    For example, a merchant may deploy sales agents at a location. The location may be a trade show, an entertainment event, a political rally or other temporary venues. The merchant may process transactions at the temporary venue using a mobile device. The merchant may offer special or promotional pricing scheme at the temporary venue. The promotional pricing may include no surcharging at the temporary venue. 
         [0079]    The surcharge behavior at the temporary venue may be associated with a transaction attribute corresponding to a geographic region. The surcharge behavior at the temporary venue may be associated with a transaction attribute corresponding to a mobile device configured to process transactions at the temporary venue. 
         [0080]    The surcharge schedule may include imposing the surcharge at a designated time. The schedule may include defining a price of a product if payment is made by a payment instrument. The schedule may indicate a “turn on” time and a “turn off” time associated with the surcharge. The merchant may “turn on” a surcharge during morning hours, “turn off” the surcharge during afternoon hours and “turn on” the surcharge during evening hours. The merchant&#39;s surcharge behavior may correspond to the surcharge schedule. The surcharge behavior may be monitored during a time period. 
         [0081]    The program code may cause the computer to receive a transaction record from a merchant. The program code may cause the computer to determine a maximum surcharge. The maximum surcharge may be determined based on the transaction record. The maximum surcharge may be determined based on one or more transaction attributes of the transaction record. The maximum surcharge may be determined based on a plurality of transaction attributes. The plurality of transaction attributes may include a location, a time, a payment instrument or any suitable transaction attribute. 
         [0082]    The program code may cause the computer to identify a payment instrument attribute within the received transaction record. The program code may cause the computer to determine a transaction cost associated with the payment instrument attribute. The program code may cause the computer to determine the maximum surcharge based on the transaction cost. 
         [0083]    The program code may cause the computer to receive a surcharge schedule from the merchant. The program code may cause the computer to identify a plurality of payment instruments associated with the surcharge schedule. The program code may cause the computer to determine the maximum surcharge based on a plurality of transaction costs. Each of the transaction costs may be associated with one of the plurality of payment instruments. Each transaction cost may be set by a transaction processing network affiliated with the corresponding payment instrument. 
         [0084]    For example, a merchant may accept payment instruments associated with four transaction processing networks. A surcharge rule may state that a merchant not impose a surcharge that is greater than a transaction cost associated with any one of the four transaction processing networks. The transaction cost may be the lowest cost transaction processing network. The maximum surcharge may be determined based on the transaction cost corresponding to the lowest cost payment instrument. 
         [0085]    As a further example, a first surcharge rule may state that a merchant may not treat payment instrument “A” different than a debit card transaction. Government regulations may forbid the merchant from imposing a surcharge on debit card transactions. A second surcharge rule may state that the merchant may not treat payment instrument “B” different than payment instrument “A.” 
         [0086]    The merchant may violate the first surcharge rule and impose a surcharge on transactions associated with payment instrument “A.” Because the merchant violated the first surcharge rule, the merchant will not violate the second surcharge rule if the merchant imposes a surcharge on transactions associated with payment instrument “B.” Apparatus and methods may be configured to ignore surcharge violations resulting from a violation of the first surcharge rule. Apparatus and methods may be configured to identify surcharge violations associated with the second surcharge rule. 
         [0087]    As yet a further example, the merchant may select a first transaction processing network to route a transaction. The transaction cost charged by the first transaction processing may allow the merchant to charge the greatest surcharge amount. The merchant&#39;s selection of the first transaction processing network may be based on violating one or more terms of an agreement with a second transaction processing network. 
         [0088]    Apparatus and methods may be configured to ignore surcharge violations resulting from a violation of an agreement between the merchant and the second transaction processing network. Apparatus and methods may be configured to ignore surcharge violations resulting from a violation of an agreement between the merchant and a TP other than the customer. Apparatus and methods may be configured to identify surcharge violations resulting from a violation of an agreement between the merchant and the customer. 
         [0089]    The program code may cause the computer to identify a payment instrument attribute within the received transaction record. The program code may cause the computer to determine a transaction cost associated with the payment instrument attribute. The program code may cause the computer to determine the maximum surcharge based on the transaction cost. 
         [0090]    For example, the payment instrument attribute may correspond to a payment instrument associated with a transaction processing network. Illustrative payment instrument attributes are shown below in Table 6. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative payment instrument attributes 
               
               
                 Illustrative Payment Instrument Attributes 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Brand (i.e., issuer, transaction network, acquirer) 
               
               
                 Customer name 
               
               
                 Expiration date 
               
               
                 Card security code (“CSC”) 
               
               
                 Card verification data (“CVD”) 
               
               
                 Card verification value (“CVV,” “CVV2,” “iCVV” or “Dynamic CVV”) 
               
               
                 Card verification value code (“CVVC”) 
               
               
                 Card verification code (“CVC” or “CVC2”) 
               
               
                 Verification code (“V-code”) 
               
               
                 Card code verification (“CCV”) 
               
               
                 Signature panel code (“SPC”) 
               
               
                 Customer identification number (“CID”) 
               
               
                 Card account number 
               
               
                 Affinity 
               
               
                 Product (i.e., rewards card, platinum card, signature card, ect.) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0091]    The program code may cause the computer to determine an imposed surcharge. The imposed surcharge may be determined based on the transaction record. The program code may cause the computer to compare the maximum surcharge to the imposed surcharge. The program code may cause the computer to transmit a surcharge certification. The surcharge certification may be transmitted when the imposed surcharge is less than the maximum surcharge. 
         [0092]    The program code may cause the computer to print the surcharge certification. The surcharge certification may be printed on a receipt. The receipt may be issued to a customer. For example, a printed surcharge certification may state: “The surcharge amount displayed on this receipt is certified COMPLIANT by TP ‘A.’” 
         [0093]    The program code may cause the computer to display a barcode. The barcode may be a two-dimensional barcode. The barcode may be a quick response (“QR”) code or any other suitable barcode. The two-dimensional barcode may encode the surcharge certification. The two-dimensional barcode may be readable by a mobile device. The two-dimensional barcode may convey that the receipt includes a certified surcharge amount. The two-dimensional barcode may convey that the receipt includes a surcharge amount that has been certified by a TP or third party audit. 
         [0094]    The program code may cause the computer to monitor a number of surcharge certifications associated with the merchant. A surcharge certification may be issued for each transaction that complies with a set of surcharge rules. The program code may cause the computer to monitor a number of transactions associated with the merchant. The number may correspond to transactions processed by a TP during a pre-determined time period. The computer may determine whether each transaction processed by the TP meets a requirement for a surcharge certification. 
         [0095]    The program code may cause the computer to determine a compliance score based on the number of certifications. The program code may cause the computer to determine a compliance score. The compliance score may be based on a ratio of the number of surcharge certifications issued and the number of transactions. The compliance score may reflect a compliance rate of a TP with the set of surcharge rules. 
         [0096]    The program code may cause the computer to upload the compliance score to a website. The program code may cause the computer to display the compliance score on the website. 
         [0097]    The program code may cause the computer to receive a receipt. The receipt may be a transaction record. The receipt may be issued by a TP. The receipt may be issued by a merchant as a proof of purchase. The receipt may include a surcharge amount. The surcharge amount may correspond to an amount of funds paid by the customer for using a specific payment instrument to pay for the purchase. 
         [0098]    The program code may cause the computer to determine a transaction cost. The transaction cost may be determined based on the received transaction record. The program code may cause the computer to compare the transaction cost to the surcharge amount. A first surcharge rule may require that a surcharge amount not be greater than a transaction cost associated with a payment instrument. A second surcharge rule may require that a surcharge amount not be greater than a maximum surcharge amount. The maximum surcharge amount may be less than the transaction cost. The program code may cause the computer to transmit the surcharge certification when the surcharge amount is less than the transaction cost, and the surcharge amount is less than the maximum surcharge. 
         [0099]    Apparatus may include an article of manufacture comprising a non-transitory computer usable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein. The program code, when executed by a processor may cause a computer to generate a surcharge compliance report. 
         [0100]    The program code may cause the computer to receive a request for a surcharge compliance report. The request may be received from a mobile device. 
         [0101]    The compliance report may include the compliance rating. The compliance report may include the compliance score. The compliance report may include an assessment of a TP&#39;s surcharge behavior. The compliance report may include a current surcharge imposed at a merchant location. 
         [0102]    The program code may cause the computer to determine a location of the mobile device. The location may be determined based on a GPS signal received by the mobile device. The location may be determined based on signal triangulation. 
         [0103]    The program code may cause the computer to correlate the location to a plurality of merchant locations. For example, a merchant may be required to register with a central authority prior to imposing surcharge. The merchant may submit to the central authority merchant locations where a surcharge will be imposed on transactions. Based on the location determined by the mobile device, the computer may determine if the mobile device is at a registered location. 
         [0104]    The program code may cause the computer to receive a confirmation from the mobile device. The confirmation may correspond to at least one of the plurality of merchant locations. For example, the mobile device may be in a vicinity of multiple registered locations. Each registered location may be associated with a different merchant. The mobile device may be located in mall that includes a plurality of registered locations. 
         [0105]    In response to a request for a surcharge compliance report, the mobile device may receive a list of registered merchant locations. The list may include the plurality of merchant locations. A user of the mobile device may select one of the registered locations. The user of the mobile device may sort the list of registered locations. The list may be sorted from highest surcharge to lowest surcharge. 
         [0106]    The program code may cause the computer to generate a surcharge compliance report associated with the at least one of the plurality of merchant locations. The compliance report may be generated for the selected merchant location. The program code may cause the computer to transmit the surcharge compliance report to the mobile device. 
         [0107]    The request may include a plurality of surcharge attributes. Each surcharge attribute may be associated with one of the plurality of payment instruments. The plurality of payment instruments may be stored on the mobile device. The surcharge compliance report may include a plurality of compliance scores. Each of the compliance scores may be associated with a merchant. Each of the compliance scores may be associated with a merchant and one of the plurality of payment instruments. 
         [0108]    For example, the mobile device may store information corresponding to three payment instruments. A user of the mobile device may pay for a purchase by transmitting payment instrument information to a point-of-sale device of a merchant. The user may wish to receive a compliance report that includes information relating to each of the three payment instruments held by the user. The user may wish to receive a report that includes a compliance score or compliance rating corresponding to a merchant&#39;s surcharge behavior with respect to at least one of the three payment instruments. 
         [0109]    The program code may cause the computer to receive a surcharge compliance rating from the mobile device. For example, the user of the mobile device may submit a SCR and/or POCR in response to receiving a surcharge compliance report. The user may wish to confirm that the merchant is properly applying a surcharge. The user may wish to inform the central authority of an irregularity in a surcharge behavior of a merchant. The irregularity may correspond to a surcharge violation. 
         [0110]    When a request for a surcharge compliance report is a first request, a response to a second request for the surcharge compliance report may be based on the surcharge compliance rating. For example, a surcharge compliance report may include an option for the viewer to submit feedback on the report. When a user of the mobile device transmits feedback to the surcharge compliance report, a subsequent surcharge compliance report may be based on the feedback received from the user. The feedback may include reporting a surcharge violation. The feedback may include reporting surcharge compliance. 
         [0111]    Apparatus may include an article of manufacture comprising a non-transitory computer usable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein. The code when executed by a processor causes a computer to determine a maximum surcharge. 
         [0112]    The program code may cause the computer to receive a transaction record from a merchant. In response to receiving the transaction record, the program code may cause the computer to receive a first surcharge from a first transaction processing network. In response to receiving the transaction record, the program code may cause the computer to receive a second surcharge from a second transaction processing network. 
         [0113]    The first and second surcharges may be received from a transaction broker. The first surcharge may be the largest magnitude surcharge that may be imposed under a surcharge rule imposed by the first transaction network. The second surcharge may be the largest magnitude surcharge that may be imposed under a surcharge rule imposed by the second transaction network. 
         [0114]    The program code may cause the computer to compare the first surcharge to the second surcharge. The program code may cause the computer to set the maximum surcharge equal to the first surcharge. The program code may cause the computer to set the maximum surcharge equal to the first surcharge when the first surcharge is greater than the second surcharge. The program code may cause the computer to set the maximum surcharge equal to the second surcharge. The program code may cause the computer to set the maximum surcharge equal to the second surcharge when the second surcharge is greater than the first surcharge. 
         [0115]    In response to receiving the transaction record, the program code may cause the computer to receive a plurality of surcharges. The plurality of surcharges may be received from a plurality of transaction processing networks. Each surcharge included in the plurality of surcharges may be the largest magnitude surcharge allowed by a corresponding transaction processing network. The plurality of surcharges may be received from a transaction broker. The program code may cause the computer to rank the plurality of surcharges. The plurality of surcharges may be ranked in order of magnitude. The magnitude may include a surcharge fraction. The magnitude may include a fixed fee. 
         [0116]    The program code may cause the computer to select the surcharge having the greatest magnitude. The program code may cause the computer to set the maximum surcharge equal to the surcharge having the greatest magnitude. 
       Surcharge Violation Registry 
       [0117]    Apparatus and methods for reporting a surcharge violation are provided. The surcharge violation may correspond to an imposed surcharge that does not follow a surcharge rule. The surcharge rule may be one of a set of surcharge rules. 
         [0118]    The surcharge rule may be set by a TP, such as a transaction processing network. For example, the surcharge rule may state that all payment instruments accepted by a merchant must be identically surcharged. The surcharge rule may state that credit card transactions may only be surcharged in the same manner as a debit card transaction. The surcharge rule may state that an imposed surcharge not exceed a transaction cost associated with a payment instrument used in the transaction. The surcharge rule may be any suitable surcharge rule. 
         [0119]    The surcharge rule may be set by a government or a government agency. For example, a state may pass a law that forbids imposing a surcharge on credit card transactions. The surcharge violation may correspond to a surcharge being imposed on a credit card transaction in the state. A federal government may pass a law that forbids imposing a surcharge on a debit card transaction. 
         [0120]    The method may include receiving an image of a transaction receipt. The image may be received from a mobile device. The method may include determining one or more surcharge attributes. 
         [0121]    The one or more surcharge attributes may correspond to a location, a time, a total surcharge amount, a surcharge fraction, a fixed fee, a purchase amount, a payment instrument, a merchant or any suitable surcharge attribute. 
         [0122]    Determining the one or more surcharge attributes may include extracting information from the image. The information may be extracted from a segment of the image. The information may correspond to a payment instrument identifier, a merchant identifier, a surcharge amount, a purchase amount or any suitable information. 
         [0123]    For example, a customer may purchase a product through an e-commerce website of a merchant. The merchant may transmit an electronic receipt to the customer. The electronic receipt may include a surcharge amount imposed on the transaction. The surcharge amount may be extracted from the electronic receipt. 
         [0124]    The method may include comparing at least one surcharge attribute to at least one surcharge reference value. The method may include identifying the surcharge violation based on the comparing. The comparing may include comparing at least three of the surcharge attributes to at least three surcharge reference values. 
         [0125]    The one or more or more surcharge reference values may correspond to a first surcharge cap. The first surcharge cap may be associated with a payment instrument identifier. The first surcharge cap may be based on a transaction cost associated with the payment instrument identifier. The one or more or more surcharge reference values may correspond to a second surcharge cap. The second surcharge cap may be associated with a merchant identifier. The first and second surcharge caps may be set by a one or more surcharge rules. The first and second surcharge caps may be set by one or more government regulations or laws. 
         [0126]    A surcharge reference value may correspond to a maximum surcharge. The maximum surcharge may be defined by one or more surcharge rules. The maximum surcharge may be equal to the lesser of the first surcharge cap or the second surcharge cap. The maximum surcharge may include a surcharge fraction. The maximum surcharge may include a fixed fee. 
         [0127]    The surcharge reference value may correspond to a maximum surcharge amount. The maximum surcharge amount may be determined based on the maximum surcharge and the purchase amount. For example, when the maximum surcharge corresponds to a surcharge fraction, the maximum surcharge amount may be a product of the surcharge fraction and the purchase amount. 
         [0128]    The comparing may include comparing the maximum surcharge amount to the surcharge amount. The surcharge violation may be identified when the surcharge amount exceeds the maximum surcharge amount. A surcharge amount that exceeds the maximum surcharge amount may violate one or more surcharge rules. 
         [0129]    The method may include receiving a surcharge notice. The surcharge notice may be received from a merchant, an acquirer or any suitable TP or third party. The methods may include determining an advertised surcharge. The advertised surcharge may be determined based on information contained in the surcharge notice. 
         [0130]    The surcharge notice may include one or more attributes of an advertised surcharge. For example, the surcharge notice may include a surcharge schedule. The surcharge schedule may include one or more surcharges imposed during a period of time. The surcharge notice may include a surcharge fraction associated with each surcharge. The surcharge notice may include a time when each surcharge may be imposed. The surcharge notice may include a payment instrument that may trigger imposition of a surcharge. 
         [0131]    The method may include comparing the advertised surcharge to one or more surcharge reference values. The method may include identifying the surcharge violation based on the comparing. The surcharge violation may correspond to an imposed surcharge that is different from the advertised surcharge. The advertised and imposed surcharge may differ with respect to any suitable surcharge attribute. 
         [0132]    For example, an imposed surcharge may include a fixed fee that is greater than the fixed fee associated with the advertised surcharge. The imposed surcharge may have been imposed on a transaction during a time period when the advertised surcharge would not have been imposed. As a further example, the imposed surcharge may have been imposed on a payment instrument that is not associated with the advertised surcharge. 
         [0133]    The method may include transmitting the surcharge violation to a TP. For example, the surcharge violation may be transmitted to a customer. Upon being informed of the surcharge violation the customer may be offered an option to abort the transaction. 
         [0134]    The method may include transmitting a disable signal in response to a surcharge violation. For example, when a surcharge violation is detected, a disable signal may be transmitted to the device that detected and/or transmitted the surcharge violation. The device may be a point-of-sale device. The device may be any suitable device for determining a surcharge. The disable signal may prevent operation of the device. A device that receives a disable signal may be re-enabled when a method for determining the surcharge has been corrected. 
         [0135]    The method may include monitoring a number of surcharge violations. The number of surcharge violations may be associated with a TP. For example, the number of surcharge violations may be associated with a merchant. The number of surcharge violations may be associated with a network of merchant locations. The number of surcharge violations may be associated with a checkout lane in a merchant location. The number of surcharge violations may be associated with a credit card transactions submitted via an e-commerce website. 
         [0136]    The method may include determining a surcharge violation score. The surcharge violation score may be determined based on the number of surcharge violations. The surcharge violation score may be determined based on a ratio. The ratio may correspond to a ratio of the number of surcharge violations and a total number of transactions. The ratio may represent a number of surcharge violations per transaction. The surcharge violation score may represent a likelihood that a transaction will include a surcharge violation. 
         [0137]    The method may include adjusting a transaction cost. The transaction cost may be adjusted based on the number of surcharge violations. The transaction cost may correspond to a merchant discount. For example, if a merchant generates a large number of surcharge violations over a period of time, a transaction processing network may raise the transaction cost charged to the merchant to process the merchant&#39;s transactions. 
         [0138]    Apparatus may include an article of manufacture comprising a non-transitory computer usable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein. The program code when executed by a processor may cause a computer to register a surcharge violation. The surcharge violation may be registered with a central authority. A registered surcharge violation may be published. A registered surcharge violation may be posted on a website. 
         [0139]    The program code may cause the computer to receive a surcharge violation notice. The SCR may include the surcharge violation notice. The violation notice may be transmitted from a mobile device. The surcharge violation notice may be transmitted by a customer that has been surcharged. The surcharge violation notice may include one or more surcharge attributes. The surcharge violation notice may indicate why a surcharge is in violation. A surcharge violation indication may be selectable for review by the surcharged customer. 
         [0140]    The surcharge violation notice may include a receipt. The surcharge violation notice may include an image. The image may include a sign displaying one or more surcharge attributes. The image may include a transaction receipt. The second location may correspond to a street address. The street address may be extracted from the receipt. 
         [0141]    The program code may cause the computer to determine a distance. The distance may correspond to distance between a first location and a second location. The first location may be determined by a mobile device. The second location may be a point of reference associated with a merchant location. The second location may be derived from the surcharge violation notice. 
         [0142]    The first location may correspond to a global positioning system (“GPS”) coordinate. The first location may be determined by the mobile device at a time an image is captured by the mobile device. The first location may correspond to a location stamp associated with the image. The first location may be determined by the mobile device simultaneous to payment instrument information transmission. The payment instrument information may be transmitted from a mobile device to a point-of-sale terminal of the merchant. 
         [0143]    For example, the first location may be a longitude/latitude coordinate. The coordinate may be determined at a time a customer obtains one or more surcharge attributes. The customer may obtain a surcharge attribute by photographing a displayed surcharge. The surcharge may be displayed on a transaction receipt. The surcharge may be displayed on a sign proximate to a merchant location. The surcharge may be displayed on a website. 
         [0144]    The program code may cause the computer to register the surcharge violation. The surcharge violation may be registered when the distance between the first location and the second location is less than a threshold value. When the distance is less than the threshold value, the surcharge violation notice may be associated with a merchant location. 
         [0145]    For example, the threshold value may correspond to a radius extending from the second location. The radius may extend from a merchant location. When the first location determined by the mobile device is within the radius, the first location may be in or near the merchant location. Being in or near the merchant location may provide corroboration that the surcharge violation notice is likely associated with the merchant location. 
         [0146]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to receive a surcharge violation notice. The surcharge violation notice may be transmitted from a mobile device. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to generate a surcharge record. The surcharge record may be generated based on the surcharge violation notice. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify a surcharge violation. The surcharge violation may be identified based on the surcharge record. 
         [0147]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify the surcharge violation based on comparing one or more attributes of the surcharge record to one or more surcharge reference values. 
         [0148]    The surcharge violation notice may include an image. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify a plurality of segments in the image. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine one or more surcharge attributes based on information extracted from the one or more of the plurality of segments. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify the surcharge violation by comparing the one or more attributes of the surcharge record to one or more surcharge reference values. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to register the surcharge violation when the one or more attributes of the surcharge record do not correspond to one or more of the surcharge reference values. 
         [0149]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to compare a location associated with the surcharge violation notice to a merchant location. The merchant location may be submitted by the merchant. The merchant may submit a list of locations at which surcharging may occur. The list may be submitted to the central authority. 
         [0150]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify a surcharge rule. The surcharge rule may be in effect during a time associated with the surcharge violation notice. The time may be a time stamp associated with the surcharge violation notice. The time stamp may be determined by the mobile device. The time stamp may be determined at a time that the surcharge attribute is obtained. The time stamp may be determined at a time an image of the surcharge is captured by the mobile device. 
         [0151]    One exemplary surcharge rule may include imposing a surcharge based on a payment instrument attribute. For example, the surcharge rule may only forbid imposing a surcharge on a rewards card associated with a particular transaction processing network. 
         [0152]    Another surcharge rule may forbid imposing a surcharge on a payment instrument based on the issuer associated with the payment instrument. Another surcharge rule may forbid imposing a surcharge on a debit card or a prepaid card. Another surcharge rule may forbid imposing a surcharge in a geographic location. The geographic location may correspond to a zip code, state borders, an area code or any suitable geographic region. 
         [0153]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to register the surcharge violation when the location is within a predetermined distance of the merchant location and the one or more of the surcharge attributes do not conform to the surcharge rule. 
         [0154]    The surcharge violation may correspond to an improper surcharge amount. A surcharge amount may be improper if it results in a breach of an agreement with one or more TPs. The surcharge violation may correspond to an incentive offered at a point-of-sale. The incentive may include a discount on the purchase price if payment is made using an alternative payment method. The incentive may include offering a variable surcharge that is dependent on the issuer associated a payment instrument. The surcharge violation may be a surcharge that violates a law. 
         [0155]    The surcharge violation may correspond to placement of a sign. Disclosure requirements associated with a surcharge may require that a merchant inform patrons of a surcharge before the patrons enter a merchant location. Disclosure requirements may require that a merchant inform patrons of a surcharge at a point-of-sale. 
         [0156]    A customer may photograph an entrance to a merchant location. The photograph may show that there is no surcharge signage present at the entrance. A photograph of a point-of-sale may show that the surcharge displayed at the point-of-sale differs from a surcharge charged to the customer. 
         [0157]    The surcharge violation may correspond to a double surcharge. For example a surcharge rule may state that a single surcharge may be imposed on a transaction. The TP may impose two surcharges on a transaction. 
         [0158]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to transmit the surcharge violation to an online registry. The registry may form a repository of surcharge violations. The registry may include surcharge violations associated with a plurality of TPs. The registry may be searchable. A user may search the registry for surcharge violations associated with a TP, such as a merchant or issuer. A user may search the registry for surcharge violations based on a transaction attribute such as a payment instrument, a location or a time. A user may search the registry for surcharge violations based on any suitable criteria. 
       Surcharge Auditing 
       [0159]    Apparatus and methods for performing an audit of a transaction record are provided. Apparatus may include an article of manufacture comprising a non-transitory computer usable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein. The program code when executed by a processor may cause a computer to audit the transaction record. 
         [0160]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to receive the transaction record. The transaction record may be transmitted from a TP. The transaction record may be transmitted from a merchant. The transaction record may be transmitted from an acquirer. The transaction record may be transmitted from a mobile device. 
         [0161]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine a surcharge attribute. The surcharge attribute may be determined based on the one or more transaction attributes. The transaction record may include the one or more transaction attributes. The transaction record may include the surcharge attribute. 
         [0162]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to compare the surcharge attribute to a surcharge reference value. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to detect a surcharge violation. The surcharge violation may be detected when the surcharge attribute does not correspond to the surcharge reference value. 
         [0163]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify a payment instrument identifier. The payment instrument identifier may be included in the transaction record. The payment instrument identifier may correspond to a particular payment instrument. The payment instrument identifier may correspond to a payment instrument brand or product. A merchant identifier may be identified in the transaction record. The merchant identifier may correspond to a merchant. The merchant identifier may correspond to merchant location. The merchant identifier may correspond to a MCC. A purchase amount may be identified in the transaction record. The purchase amount may correspond to a sub-total. The sub-total may not include a surcharge amount. A surcharge amount may be identified in the transaction record. 
         [0164]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine a first surcharge-cap associated with the payment instrument identifier. The first surcharge-cap may correspond to a transaction cost associated with the payment instrument identifier. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine a second surcharge-cap associated with the merchant identifier. The second surcharge-cap may correspond to a transaction cost associated with the merchant. The second surcharge-cap may correspond to a transaction cost associated with a transaction processing network. For example, the second surcharge-cap may correspond to a product of 1.8 and the sum of: (1) an average interchange rate (e.g., 1.2%, 2%, (2%+10¢), ect. . . . ), charged by the transaction processing network and (2) average network fees (e.g.,  5 , $1, $1.25, ect. . . . ) charged by the transaction processing network. 
         [0165]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine a maximum surcharge. The maximum surcharge may equal the lesser of the first surcharge-cap and the second surcharge-cap. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine a maximum surcharge amount based on the maximum surcharge and the purchase amount. For example, the maximum surcharge amount may include a sum of a fixed fee and the purchase amount. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to detect the surcharge violation when the surcharge amount is greater than the maximum surcharge amount. 
         [0166]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine whether a plurality of stored transaction records include the surcharge violation. The plurality of stored transaction records may be previously executed transactions. The plurality of stored transactions may be pending transactions. 
         [0167]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine a correlation between two more stored transaction records. The correlation may be determined using any suitable technique. For example, the one or more transaction attributes may be linearly, or non-linearly, regressed upon the surcharge violation, modeled on the surcharge violation, predicted from the surcharge violation or estimated from the surcharge violation. The correlation may be performed utilizing a multivariate statistical model or a neural network. The correlation may include determining a correlation coefficient that indicates a degree of correlation between a transaction attribute and the surcharge violation. 
         [0168]    Each stored transaction record may include the surcharge violation. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine a surcharge violation pattern based on the correlation. The computer may identify a pattern among the plurality of stored transaction records. The pattern may suggest a trend. The pattern may represent a statistical relationship. The pattern may be used to derive a performance metric. 
         [0169]    For example, based on a correlation the computer may determine that within a geographic region, the surcharge violation is correlated with a purchase of a particular item purchased at a specific time of day. Each stored transaction record that “fits” into the pattern may be more likely to include a surcharge violation than other transaction records. 
         [0170]    As a further example, based on a correlation the computer may determine that, when a payment processing device is used to calculate a surcharge, the surcharge is likely to be calculated incorrectly. The manufacturer and users of the device may be timely informed of the surcharge calculation error associated with the payment processing device. 
         [0171]    The surcharge registry may be updated based on the detecting of a surcharge violation. The surcharge registry may maintain a list of each surcharge violation detected. The surcharge registry may maintain an association linking the surcharge violation to one or more transaction attributes. For example, the registry may link a surcharge violation to a merchant location where the transaction occurred. The registry may link a surcharge violation to a payment instrument or to a customer. 
         [0172]    The surcharge registry may include the correlation and/or patterns derived from the correlation. The registry may display a graphical representation of the correlation and/or patterns. The registry may display the graphical representation in response to a query. 
         [0173]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine a surcharge violation pattern. The surcharge violation pattern may be determined based on a plurality of surcharge violations included in the surcharge registry. The surcharge registry may include a plurality of surcharge violations. Each surcharge violation may be associated with a different transaction attribute. The pattern may correspond to a transaction attribute that is likely to be associated with a surcharge violation. The pattern may correspond to a surcharge violation that is likely to be associated with a transaction attribute. 
         [0174]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine a refund amount. The refund amount may be associated with a transaction record. The refund amount may be associated with a transaction record that includes a surcharge violation. For example, a surcharge violation may involve a merchant charging a customer a surcharge amount that exceeds a maximum. The refund amount may correspond to a difference between the maximum allowable surcharge amount and the surcharge amount charged by the merchant. 
         [0175]    The surcharge violation may correspond to a surcharge amount that is in breach of an agreement with one or more TPs. The surcharge violation may correspond to a double surcharge. The double surcharge may occur when a merchant imposes two surcharges on a single transaction. 
         [0176]    As a further example, a double surcharge may result from a failure of the merchant to correctly calculate a surcharge refund due when an item is returned to the merchant. A customer may purchase two or more items in a transaction. The customer may pay a surcharge based on a total purchase amount. At a later time, the customer may return one of the items purchased. A surcharge rule may require that the merchant return a pro-rata portion of the surcharge in addition to the price of the returned item. A failure of the merchant to return the pro-rata portion of the surcharge may result in a double surcharge violation. 
         [0177]    If the purchase is processed as a single transaction the merchant may only charge one surcharge. The refund amount may correspond to the surcharge imposed on the extra transaction. The extra transaction may be the transaction that occurs first in time. The extra transaction may be the transaction that occurs second in time. The extra transaction may be the transaction associated with a greater surcharge than the other transaction. The extra transaction may be the transaction associated with a lesser surcharge than the other transaction. 
         [0178]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to transmit a surcharge violation notice. The surcharge violation notice may be transmitted to a point-of-sale terminal. The surcharge violation may be transmitted to a point-of-sale terminal in response to a detection of the surcharge violation. The surcharge violation notice may inform a customer at the point-of-sale that a surcharge violation has been detected. The customer may be offered an option to abort the transaction. 
         [0179]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to waive the surcharge in response to the detection of the surcharge violation. For example, a merchant may program a surcharge calculation device to waive a surcharge if a surcharge violation is detected when calculating the surcharge. 
         [0180]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to transmit a transaction denial notice. The denial notice may inform a TP that a surcharge amount will not be charged to a customer account associated with the payment instrument. The denial notice may be transmitted in response to detection of the surcharge violation. When a surcharge violation is detected the issuer may authorize the purchase amount exclusive of the surcharge amount. The surcharge amount may be denied. When a surcharge violation is detected the issuer may deny the entire transaction. The surcharge violation notice may include the denial notice. 
         [0181]    In response to detection of a surcharge violation, a TP may restrict an ability of the merchant who imposed the wrongful surcharge to process transactions. The restriction may be imposed for a time period. A certification process may be required to remove the restriction. The certification process may include the merchant submitting to a transaction audit. The transaction audit may be performed prior to transmitting a transaction record for authorization. The transaction audit may be performed prior to authorizing the transaction. 
         [0182]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to associate the transaction record with the surcharge violation. The transaction record may be associated with the surcharge violation when the surcharge attribute corresponds to a geographic location and the geographic location is within a jurisdiction that forbids imposing a surcharge on a credit card transaction. When the surcharge attribute corresponds to a jurisdiction that forbids imposing a surcharge, the surcharge amount may be denied. When the surcharge attribute corresponds to a jurisdiction that forbids imposing a surcharge, the purchase amount may be denied. 
         [0183]    Apparatus may include an article of manufacture comprising a non-transitory computer usable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein. The program code when executed by a processor may cause a computer to perform a surcharge violation audit. 
         [0184]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify a first plurality of transaction records. The first plurality of transaction records may include one or more records associated with a first surcharge violation. Each record in the plurality of records may be associated with the first surcharge violation. 
         [0185]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify a second plurality of transaction. One or more records in the second plurality may be associated with a second surcharge violation. Each record in the second plurality may be associated with the second surcharge violation. The second plurality of transaction records may be a subset of the first plurality of transaction records. One or more records in the second plurality may be associated with the first and the second surcharge violations. 
         [0186]    When the first surcharge violation is detected in a plurality of records, it may be likely that the plurality of transaction records also include a second surcharge violation. A correlation may be determined that associates the first surcharge violation with the second surcharge violation. When the first surcharge violation is detected in a plurality of transaction records, the correlation may show that it is likely that the plurality also includes the second surcharge violation. 
         [0187]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to generate a plurality of surcharge records. The surcharge records may be generated based on the first plurality of transaction records. Each surcharge record may include a first surcharge attribute. Each surcharge record may include a second surcharge attribute. 
         [0188]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify the first surcharge violation. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify the second surcharge violation. The first surcharge violation may be identified if the first surcharge attribute does not correspond to a first surcharge reference value. The second surcharge violation may be identified if the second surcharge attribute does not correspond to a second surcharge reference value. 
         [0189]    The first and/or second surcharge violation may correspond to a surcharge that is in breach of an agreement with a TP. The first and/or second surcharge violation may correspond to a double surcharge. The first and/or second surcharge violation may correspond to a surcharge amount that is determined based on an unauthorized surcharge fraction. The surcharge fraction may be unauthorized with respect to the payment instrument, the merchant or with respect to any suitable transaction attribute. The surcharge fraction may be unauthorized because it is associated with a surcharge amount that exceeds a maximum. 
         [0190]    Apparatus may include an article of manufacture comprising a non-transitory computer usable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein, the code when executed by a processor may cause a computer to perform a chargeback audit. 
         [0191]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to receive a chargeback record. The chargeback record may be generated when a customer requests a refund for a purchase amount previously charged to an account associated with a payment instrument. The chargeback record may be generated when a customer attempts to a return a purchased item to a merchant. The chargeback record may be generated when an acquirer attempts to obtain funds from an issuer and/or transaction processing network. The chargeback record may include one or more features of the transaction record. 
         [0192]    The chargeback record may include a chargeback amount. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine the chargeback amount. The chargeback amount may correspond to a refund amount requested by a customer. The chargeback amount may correspond to a refund amount entitled to be credited to a customer account. The chargeback record may include one or more chargeback attributes. A chargeback attribute may correspond to a transaction attribute. 
         [0193]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify a surcharge associated with the chargeback record. The computer may identify the surcharge based on detecting one or more chargeback attributes. For example, a chargeback attribute may correspond to a barcode associated with a purchased product. The barcode may be scanned when the customer returns the product. Based on the barcode, a transaction record may be identified. The transaction record may correspond to a purchase of the product. The transaction record may include one or more surcharge attributes associated with the purchase. 
         [0194]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to calculate a surcharge refund. The surcharge refund may correspond to a surcharge amount. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine whether the chargeback amount includes the surcharge refund. When a product is returned to a merchant, the computer may determine whether the customer has received a refund of the surcharge amount charged at the time of purchase. 
         [0195]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify a transaction record corresponding to the chargeback record. The corresponding transaction record may include transaction attributes available at the time of the purchase. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify in the corresponding transaction record, a purchase amount, and a surcharge amount. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to associate the chargeback record with a surcharge violation when the chargeback amount does not correspond to a sum of (a) the purchase amount and (b) the surcharge amount. 
         [0196]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify a geographic value in the corresponding transaction record. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine if the geographic value corresponds to a jurisdiction that forbids imposing a surcharge on a credit card transaction. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to associate the corresponding transaction record with a surcharge violation when the geographic value corresponds to the jurisdiction, and the corresponding transaction record includes a surcharge amount. When the corresponding transaction record includes the surcharge amount, a surcharge had been imposed on the transaction at the time of purchase. Because the corresponding transaction record indicates that the transaction occurred in a jurisdiction that forbids surcharging, under the law of the jurisdiction the surcharge is unlawful. 
         [0197]    When the corresponding transaction record is associated with a surcharge error, the computer may determine a surcharge refund amount. The surcharge refund amount may correspond to all or a portion of the surcharge amount associated with the corresponding transaction record. The surcharge refund amount may correspond to a difference between an allowable surcharge amount and an erroneously calculated surcharge amount. The surcharge violation may be any suitable surcharge violation. 
         [0198]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify, in the corresponding transaction record, a transaction attribute corresponding to time-of-sale. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to identify a surcharge in effect at the time-of-sale. The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine the surcharge refund based on the surcharge and the purchase amount. The purchase amount may correspond to a purchase amount of a single item. The purchase amount may correspond to a purchase amount of a plurality of items. 
         [0199]    For example, having determined a surcharge fraction in effect on a date associated with a past purchase, the refund amount may be determined based on product of the surcharge fraction in effect on the date and the purchase amount. 
         [0200]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine the chargeback amount based on the purchase amount and the surcharge refund. The chargeback amount may correspond to a sum of a purchase price paid for a product and the surcharge amount imposed at the time of purchase. 
         [0201]    The computer readable program code may cause the computer to determine the chargeback amount based on one or more transaction attributes in a transaction record. The transaction record may correspond to a transaction record generated at a time of purchase. The transaction attributes may include a total purchase amount, a per-item purchase amount and a surcharge attribute. 
         [0202]    For example, a customer may purchase a plurality of items. The customer may wish to return less than all of the plurality of items. The surcharge refund amount may be determined based on apportioning the surcharge amount in the transaction record. The apportioning may be based on a ratio of: (1) a total of the purchase amounts of each of the items the customer wishes to return, and (2) a total of the purchase amounts of all of the plurality of items purchased. 
         [0203]    Illustrative embodiments of apparatus and methods in accordance with the principles of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural, functional and procedural modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. 
         [0204]    As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the invention described herein may be embodied in whole or in part as a method, a data processing system, or a computer program product. Accordingly, the invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software, hardware and any other suitable approach or apparatus. 
         [0205]    Furthermore, such aspects may take the form of a computer program product stored by one or more computer-readable storage media having computer-readable program code, or instructions, embodied in or on the storage media. Any suitable computer readable storage media may be utilized, including hard disks, CD-ROMs, optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, and/or any combination thereof. In addition, various signals representing data or events as described herein may be transferred between a source and a destination in the form of electromagnetic waves traveling through signal-conducting media such as metal wires, optical fibers, and/or wireless transmission media (e.g., air and/or space). 
         [0206]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram that illustrates a generic computing device  201  (alternatively referred to herein as a “server”) that may be used according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention. The computer server  201  may have a processor  203  for controlling overall operation of the server and its associated components, including RAM  205 , ROM  207 , input/output module  209 , and memory  215 . Server  201  may include one or more receiver modules, server modules and processors that may be configured to receive transaction records, apply surcharge rules, identify surcharge violations, compare values, establish correlations and perform any other suitable tasks related to determining the transaction cost. 
         [0207]    Input/output (“I/O”) module  209  may include a microphone, keypad, touch screen, and/or stylus through which a user of device  201  may provide input, and may also include one or more of a speaker for providing audio output and a video display device for providing textual, audiovisual and/or graphical output. Software may be stored within memory  215  and/or storage to provide instructions to processor  203  for enabling server  201  to perform various functions. For example, memory  215  may store software used by server  201 , such as an operating system  217 , application programs  219 , and an associated database  211 . Alternatively, some or all of server  201  computer executable instructions may be embodied in hardware or firmware (not shown). As described in detail below, database  211  may provide storage for customer information, transaction cost information, transaction records, transaction attributes, surcharge records, chargeback records, thresholds, merchant information, surcharge rules, payment instrument information and any other suitable information. 
         [0208]    Server  201  may operate in a networked environment supporting connections to one or more remote computers, such as terminals  241  and  251 . Terminals  241  and  251  may be personal computers or servers that include many or all of the elements described above relative to server  201 . The network connections depicted in  FIG. 2  include a local area network (LAN)  225  and a wide area network (WAN)  229 , but may also include other networks. When used in a LAN networking environment, computer  201  is connected to LAN  225  through a network interface or adapter  213 . When used in a WAN networking environment, server  201  may include a modem  227  or other means for establishing communications over WAN  229 , such as Internet  231 . It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are illustrative and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used. The existence of any of various well-known protocols such as TCP/IP, Ethernet, FTP, HTTP and the like is presumed, and the system can be operated in a client-server configuration to permit a user to retrieve web pages from a web-based server. Any of various conventional web browsers can be used to display and manipulate data on web pages. 
         [0209]    Additionally, application program  219 , which may be used by server  201 , may include computer executable instructions for invoking user functionality related to communication, such as email, short message service (“SMS”), and voice input and speech recognition applications. 
         [0210]    Computing device  201  and/or terminals  241  or  251  may also be mobile terminals including various other components, such as a battery, speaker, and antennas (not shown). 
         [0211]    Terminal  251  and/or terminal  241  may be portable devices such as a laptop, smart phone, tablet, or any other suitable device for storing, transmitting and/or transporting relevant information. 
         [0212]    Any information described above in connection with database  211 , and any other suitable information, may be stored in memory  215 . 
         [0213]    One or more of applications  219  may include one or more algorithms that may be used to receive transaction records, identify surcharge violations, apply surcharge rules, determine refund amounts and perform any other suitable tasks related to determining a transaction cost. 
         [0214]    The invention may be operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the invention include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, mobile phones and/or other personal digital assistants (“PDAs”), multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, tablets, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like. In a distributed computing environment, devices that perform the same or similar function may be viewed as being part of a “module” even if the devices are separate (whether local or remote) from each other. 
         [0215]    The invention may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or store or process data structures, objects and other data types. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by separate (local or remote) processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices. 
         [0216]      FIG. 3  shows illustrative credit card transaction settlement flow  300 . 
         [0217]    At step  1  card holder  301  may offer a payment instrument, such as a credit card, as payment for $100 of goods sold by merchant  303 . Card holder  301  may present information associated with the credit card at the merchant&#39;s point-of-sale terminal (not shown). The information may be presented via the payment instrument, a loyalty card or any other suitable device or method. 
         [0218]    Based on the information presented by card holder  301 , surcharge engine  305  may determine an offset amount. The surcharge engine may determine one or more surcharge attributes. The offset amount may be based on the surcharge fraction. 
         [0219]    The offset amount may be added to the $100 price charged by merchant  303 . The $100 price may include the offset amount. A total amount may be determined. The total amount may include the price, offset amount, sales tax and any other suitable costs associated with the purchase of the goods. 
         [0220]    The information presented by card holder  301 , may be transmitted via electronic communication network  309  to transaction network  311 . The information may include a transaction record. 
         [0221]    Transaction network  311  may receive the information presented by card holder  301  via electronic network  309 . Based on the received information, transaction network  311  may transmit an authorization, via electronic communication network  309 , to merchant  303 . Transaction network  311  may communicate with issuer  307 . Transaction network  311  may verify that card holder  301  has not exceeded a credit limit associated with the payment instrument. The authorization may include an indication that the transaction network has approved a charge of the total amount to an account associated with the payment instrument. Authorization services may be provided by a third party such as a transaction broker. 
         [0222]    Card holder  301  may acknowledge the total amount. The acknowledgement may include an agreement by card holder  301  to place the charge on the account associated with the payment instrument. The acknowledgement may include a commitment by the card holder to pay the total amount to issuer  307 . 
         [0223]    At step  2 , issuer  307  may prepare a statement for card holder  301 . The statement may include the total amount owed to issuer  307 . The statement may include interest or other fees owed to issuer  307 . Issuer  307  may bear an expense of collecting the total amount, interest and fees from card holder  301 . A portion of the transaction cost may flow to issuer  307  to fund collection efforts of issuer  307  and offset a risk of default of card holder  301 . 
         [0224]    At step  3 , merchant  303  may present the acknowledgment of card holder  301  and/or the associated authorization by transaction network  311  to acquirer  313 . Acquirer  313  may transfer funds to merchant  303  prior to actual collection, by issuer  307 , of the total amount from card holder  301 . Acquirer  313  may offer funds to merchant  303  prior to settlement between acquirer  313  and issuer  307 . 
         [0225]    Acquirer  313  may deduct a merchant discount from an amount of funds transferred to merchant  303 . The offset amount determined by surcharge engine  305  may offset, at least in part, the merchant discount paid by merchant  303 . The offset amount may correspond to transaction costs charged by transaction network  311 . The offset amount may include transaction costs charged by acquirer  313  and issuer  307 . 
         [0226]    In flow  300 , the merchant discount is 2% of the $100 price. Without an offset, merchant  303  receives $98 of the $100 price. 
         [0227]    At step  4 , acquirer  313  settles the transaction with issuer  307 . Acquirer  313  may utilize transaction network  311  to settle the transaction. Acquirer  313  may utilize broker  315  to settle the transaction. Broker  315  may offer settlement services at a lower transaction cost than transaction network  311 . Broker  315  may offer the lower transaction costs as a result of aggregating transactions from different acquirers. Each of the aggregated transactions may require settlement between issuer  307  and acquirer  313 . 
         [0228]    Step  4  shows that at least a portion of the merchant discount flows through transaction network  311  from acquirer  313  to issuer  307 . Step  4  also shows that transaction network  311  may receive a network fee from acquirer  313 . Step  4  also shows that transaction network  311  receives a network fee from issuer  307 . Acquirer  313  and issuer  307  may pay transaction network  311  network fees for facilitating settlement of the transaction. 
         [0229]    Table 7 shows net positions of the parties to flow  300 . 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Net positions. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Party 
                 Net ($) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Issuer 
                 1.45 
               
               
                   
                 Acquirer 
                 0.43 
               
               
                   
                 Network 
                 0.12 
               
               
                   
                 Merchant 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 Customer 
                 −2.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0230]    Table 8 shows benefits of flow  300  to the transaction participants. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Illustrative benefits of each transaction participant. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Party 
                 Benefit 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Merchant 
                 Access to card holder funds and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 credit 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Timely settlement 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protection from customer fraud 
               
               
                   
                   
                 and credit risk 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Increased purchase price 
               
               
                   
                   
                 amounts 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Payment guaranteed 
               
               
                   
                 Issuer 
                 Reliable payment platform with 
               
               
                   
                   
                 broad acceptance 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Consistent customer experience 
               
               
                   
                   
                 across merchants 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Predictable source of revenue 
               
               
                   
                   
                 to support card issuance costs 
               
               
                   
                 Card holder 
                 Access to ready funds and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 credit 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Ability to make purchases 
               
               
                   
                   
                 virtually anywhere 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protection from fraud 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Protection from merchant 
               
               
                   
                   
                 disputes 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reward for card based purchases 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Does not need to carry cash 
               
               
                   
                 Transaction Broker 
                 Revenue from trading 
               
               
                   
                   
                 transaction processing bids 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reliable routing platform 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Reducing transaction processing 
               
               
                   
                   
                 overhead 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Access to consumers and 
               
               
                   
                   
                 suppliers of transaction 
               
               
                   
                   
                 services 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0231]      FIG. 4  shows illustrative apparatus  400 . Apparatus  400  includes mobile device  407  configured to process instructions from an exemplary mobile device application (“application”). The application may instruct device  407  to display options  401 ,  403  and  405 . Options  401 ,  403  and  405  may be utilized by a user of the mobile phone. 
         [0232]    Using option  401 , the user may view surcharge compliance and violation information. Mobile device  407  may receive instructions from the application to access surcharge compliance and violation information stored in an online surcharge registry. Using option  403 , the user may use mobile device  407  to report a surcharge violation. Option  405  allows the user to report surcharge compliance using mobile device  407 . 
         [0233]      FIG. 5  shows illustrative apparatus  500 . Apparatus  500  includes mobile device  407  following selection of option  401  (shown in  FIG. 4 ). In response to the utilization of option  401 , mobile device  407  displays options  501 - 509 . Options  501 - 509  allow the user to view surcharge compliance/violation information. Options  501 - 509  allow the user to view surcharge compliance/violation information based on various criteria. 
         [0234]    For example, option  501  allows the user to view surcharge compliance/violations associated with a merchant. The user may enter a merchant name or identifier into field  511 . Drop-down arrow  513  allows the user to select a merchant from a plurality of pre-populated choices. The pre-populated choices may be determined based on a location of the mobile device. For example, the pre-populated choices may include merchant locations within a radius of the mobile device. 
         [0235]    Option  503  allows the user to view surcharge compliance/violation information associated with a payment instrument. The user may enter payment instrument information. The payment instrument information may include a brand, product or any suitable payment instrument attribute. The user may choose from one of a plurality of pre-populated payment instrument choices. The pre-populated payment instrument choices may be determined based on the merchant identified in option  501 . For example, the pre-populated choice may include payment instruments accepted by the merchant identified in option  501 . 
         [0236]    Option  505  allows the user to view surcharge compliance/violation information associated with a merchant category code (“MCC”). The user may enter the MCC. The user may select from one of a plurality of pre-populated MCC choices. The pre-populated MCC choices may be determined based on the merchant identified in option  501  and/or the payment instrument identified in option  503 . For example, the pre-populated choice may include MCCs associated with the merchant identified in option  501 . 
         [0237]    Option  507  allows the user to view surcharge compliance/violation information associated with a merchant location. The user may enter the location. The user may choose from one of a plurality of pre-populated choices. The pre-populated choices may be determined based on the information entered using options  501 ,  503  and/or  505 . For example, the pre-populated choice may include locations that accept the payment instrument selected in option  503 . The pre-populated choices may include merchant locations that offer products categorized in the MCC selected in option  505  and where a payment instrument selected in option  503  is accepted. 
         [0238]    The user may use option  509  to transmit the request to for surcharge compliance/violation information. The submitted request includes any user selection made using options  501 - 507 . 
         [0239]      FIG. 6  shows illustrative apparatus  600 . Apparatus  600  includes mobile device  407  following selection of option  509  (shown in  FIG. 5 ). Apparatus  600  displays an illustrative surcharge compliance/violation report. The report may be generated based on criteria entered into options  501 - 507  (shown in  FIG. 5 ). 
         [0240]    The report identifies merchant  601 . The report includes compliance score  602  and violation score  603 . Using option  607  the user views detail regarding surcharge violations associated with merchant  601 . The user may select option  609  to sort the compliance/violation information associated with merchant  601  based on payment instruments accepted by merchant  601 . The user may use option  611  to submit a compliance/violation report associated with merchant  601 . 
         [0241]    Apparatus  600  may display tip  613 . Tip  613  may display a surcharge promotion being offered by merchant  601 . 
         [0242]      FIG. 7  shows illustrative apparatus  700 . Apparatus  700  includes mobile device  407  following utilization of option  611  (shown in  FIG. 6 ). In response to the utilization of option  611 , mobile device  407  displays an illustrative digital form for reporting a surcharge violation. The digital form includes options  701 - 711 . 
         [0243]    Option  701  allows the user to input a transaction. The selected transaction may include a surcharge violation. The use may enter a transaction identifier into text box  713 . Using drop-down arrow  715 , the user may choose a transaction from a list of transactions. The list of transactions may include transactions that have been initiated using the mobile device. The list of transactions may include transactions associated with merchant  601  (shown in  FIG. 6 ). In some embodiments, using drop-down arrow  713  may present a list of transaction attributes. The user may select the transaction based on a time, a location or any suitable transaction attribute. 
         [0244]    Using option  703  the user may attach an image or record to the violation submission. Using option  705  the user may input a violation type. For example, the user may specify that the violation observed corresponds to an unlawful surcharge. Using option  707  the user may input a merchant associated with the surcharge violation. The user may also input a payment instrument associated with the violation using option  709 . The user may submit the digital form using option  711 . Based on the information input into the digital form via options  701 - 709 , a system (not shown) may attempt to identify and/or confirm a surcharge violation. 
         [0245]      FIG. 8  shows illustrative apparatus  800 . Apparatus  800  includes mobile device  407  following utilization of option  405  (shown in  FIG. 4 ). In response to the utilization of option  405 , mobile device  407  displays an illustrative digital form for reporting surcharge compliance. The digital form includes options  801 - 805 . 
         [0246]    The user may input a merchant using option  801 . The user may input a payment instrument using option  803 . The user may input a location using option  805 . 
         [0247]    The user may attach corroborating information using options  807 - 811 . The corroborating information may support the user&#39;s assertion that the merchant has imposed a compliant surcharge. The user may attach a digital receipt using option  807 . The digital receipt may be an image of a receipt. The digital receipt may be a receipt received in response to purchasing a product using mobile device  407  to present payment instrument information. The user may submit the digital form using option  813 . 
         [0248]      FIG. 9  shows illustrative receipt image  900 . Image  900  includes illustrative segments  901 - 913 . Each of segments  901 - 913  may correspond to a transaction attribute. Information from segments  901 - 913  may be extracted from image  900 . The information extracted from image  900  may be used to identify a surcharge violation. The information extracted from image  900  may be used to confirm a reported surcharge violation. 
         [0249]    Segment  913  shows an illustrative surcharge certification. Segment  913  may show that image  900  has been certified as being “compliant.” Segment  913  may show that surcharge amount  911  has been certified as being compliant with one or more surcharge rules. 
         [0250]    Segment  913  may show that image  900  has been certified as being “in violation.” Segment  913  may show that surcharge amount  911  has been certified as being in violation of one or more surcharge rules. 
         [0251]      FIG. 10  shows illustrative scenario  1000 . Scenario  1000  may include display  1003 . Display  1003  may be positioned at a point-of-entry to a merchant location. Display  1003  may present surcharge information to customer  1005 . Display  1003  may show special surcharges or ranked surcharges being offered by a merchant. Display  1003  shows the surcharges ranked from lowest to highest. Display  1003  shows that the merchant is offering “surcharge free” purchases if the customer utilizes a self-checkout line. Display  1003  shows that a surcharge may be based on the issuer associated with a payment instrument. Display  1003  shows that the surcharge may be based on the transaction network associated with a payment instrument. 
         [0252]    Customer  1005  may possess one or more payment instrument in purse  1007 . Upon viewing the surcharge information present by display  1003 , customer may decide whether or not to make a purchase at the merchant location. Upon viewing the surcharge information presented by display  1003 , customer may decide which payment instrument to use to make a purchase at the merchant location. 
         [0253]    Customer  1005  may make a purchase at the merchant location using a credit card associated with Bank  1 . Customer  1005  may be charged a surcharge amount that is based on a surcharge fraction of 0.02%. The surcharge amount may be printed on a receipt, such as receipt  900  (shown in  FIG. 9 ) issued to customer  1005 . Customer  1005  may submit a surcharge violation report using a digital form shown in  FIG. 7 . Customer  1005  may obtain an image of sign  1003  using a mobile device. Customer  1005  may attach the image of sign  1003  to the surcharge violation report using option  703  (shown in  FIG. 7 ). The attached image of sign  1003  may corroborate the claim that the surcharge fraction associated with credit cards issued by Bank  1  should have been 0.01%. 
         [0254]    The mobile device may associate the image of sign  1003  with a time and/or location stamp. The time and/or location stamp may corroborate that the image was obtained at a time and location associated the merchant location where customer  1005  claims a surcharge violation occurred. The image of sign  1003  may demonstrate that the merchant has violated a disclosure requirement associated with imposing a surcharge. 
         [0255]      FIG. 11  shows illustrative surcharge schedule  1100 . Schedule  1100  shows surcharges S1-S4. Each surcharge is associated with a weekday. 
         [0256]    Schedule  1100  shows that surcharge S1 is scheduled to be imposed on Tuesday the 16 th . Schedule  1100  also shows that surcharge S1 is associated with a notice time of Monday the 1 st . On Monday the 1 st , one or more surcharge attributes associated with surcharge S1 may be presented on one or more displays. The notice time associated with S1 corresponds to nine weekdays. 
         [0257]    Schedule  1100  shows that surcharge S2 is scheduled to be imposed on Wednesday the 17 th  and is associated with a notice time of Thursday the 4 th . On Thursday the 4 th , one or more surcharge attributes associated with surcharge S2 may be presented on one or more displays. The notice time associated with S2 corresponds to seven weekdays. 
         [0258]    Schedule  1100  shows that surcharge S3 is scheduled to be imposed on Tuesday the 23 rd  and is not associated with a notice time earlier than the day the surcharge is imposed. On Tuesday the 23 rd , one or more surcharge attributes associated with surcharge S3 may be presented on one or more displays. S3 may correspond to a reduction of surcharges S1 and/or S2. 
         [0259]    Schedule  1100  shows that surcharge S4 is scheduled to be imposed on Wednesday the 24 th  and is associated with a notice time of Tuesday the 2 nd . On Tuesday the 2 nd , one or more surcharge attributes associated with surcharge S4 may be presented on one or more displays. The notice time associated with S4 corresponds to thirteen weekdays. 
         [0260]      FIG. 12  shows illustrative surcharge notice  1200 . Surcharge notice  1200  may present surcharge information. The surcharge information may include payment instrument brands  1203 , surcharge  1205  and surcharge exceptions  1207 . 
         [0261]    Surcharge notice  1200  includes four exemplary brands  1203 . A payment instrument may be associated with one or more of the four brands  1203 . A brand may correspond to an issuer of the payment instrument. A brand may correspond to a transaction network affiliated with the payment instrument. Each brand is associated with a surcharge  1205 . 
         [0262]    For example, Bank  2  is associated with a first surcharge and a second surcharge. The first surcharge includes a surcharge fraction of 1/100. The first surcharge is imposed on all purchases. The second surcharge includes the surcharge fraction and a fixed amount of 50. The second surcharge is imposed on purchases valued less than $10. 
         [0263]    Surcharge notice  1200  indicates that each brand  1203  may be associated with a surcharge exception  1207 . The surcharge exception  1207  may indicate that, under certain conditions, a payment instrument may be exempt from the surcharge. For example, surcharge notice  1200  shows that payment instruments issued by Bank  2  are exempt from the surcharge if the payment instrument is associated with Transaction Network T. Transaction Network T may be the transaction network that processes transactions associated with payment instruments issued by Bank  2 . 
         [0264]      FIG. 13  shows illustrative transaction record  1300 . Transaction record  1300  may be generated based on transaction information received and/or available at a time of purchase. The transaction record may include point-of-sale (“POS”) attributes  1301 . POS attributes  1301  may include transaction information, customer information and merchant information. Exemplary POS attributes  1301  may include a date, a time, a check-out lane indicator or any suitable transaction attribute available at a point-of-sale. 
         [0265]    Transaction record  1300  may include surcharge attributes  1303 . Exemplary surcharge attributes  1303  may include a surcharge amount, maximum surcharge amount, surcharge fraction, transaction cost or other suitable surcharge information. 
         [0266]    Transaction record  1300  may include synoptic attributes  1305 . Synoptic attributes  1305  may include attributes derived based on other transaction attributes. Synoptic attributes  1305  may include attributes derived based on other transaction attributes. The synoptic attributes may be determined based on a pattern detected in a plurality of transaction records. Exemplary synoptic attributes may include a merchant transaction statistic, a market statistic and an issuer statistic. The synoptic attributes  1305  may be concatenated to transaction record  1300 . Synoptic attributes  1305  may be concatenated to transaction record  1300  after execution of the transaction. 
         [0267]      FIG. 14  shows illustrative POS attributes  1401  and illustrative synoptic attributes  1403 . POS attributes  1401  may include location  1404 . Location  1404  may be associated with a POS terminal. Location  1404  may be associated with an address. POS attributes  1401  may include time  1413  and date  1408 . POS attributes  1401  may include amount  1410  and number of items  1412 . Amount  1410  may correspond to a price of the product. Number of items  1412  may correspond to a number of items purchased by a customer in a transaction. 
         [0268]    POS attributes  1401  may include state/province  1414 . State/province  1414  may be associated with regulations governing imposition of a surcharge. 
         [0269]    POS attributes  1401  may include checkout number  1418 . A merchant may impose a different surcharge at different check-out lines. The merchant may offer no or a reduced surcharge if a self-checkout line is utilized. The self-checkout line may be associated with a checkout number  1418 . 
         [0270]    POS attributes  1401  may include credit card type  1420 . Credit card type  1420  may correspond to the payment instrument presented by a customer to pay for a purchase. A surcharge schedule or surcharge amount may be associated with credit card type  1420 . 
         [0271]    POS attributes  1401  may include merchant category code (“MCC”)  1422 . MCC  1422  may group merchants that supply similar products. Some merchants in MCC  1422  may impose a surcharge, while others may not. Merchants within MCC  1422  may surcharge at different rates or amounts. 
         [0272]      FIG. 14  includes synoptic attributes  1403 . Synoptic attributes  1403  may include transaction volume  1421 , total sales  1423  and fiscal period  1425 . Fiscal period  1425  may be determined based on a time associated with transaction record  1300 . Transaction volume  1421  and total sales  1423  may be associated with fiscal period  1425 . 
         [0273]    For example, transaction records may be sorted by date  1408  and location  1404 . A first number of transaction records may include the month of September and an address on Main Street. The first number may be appended to each transaction record that includes the date in September and the address on Main Street. The first number may correspond to transaction volume  1421 . The first number may be a synoptic attribute. A second number of transaction records may include a date in the month of August and the address on Main Street. The second number may be a synoptic attribute. 
         [0274]    The first number may be compared to the second number. A result of the comparing may be a synoptic attribute. The first number may be concatenated to transaction records that include the date in September. The second number may be concatenated to transaction records that include the date in August. A result of the comparing may be concatenated to transaction records that include either the date in August or the date in September. 
         [0275]    Synoptic attributes  1403  may include credit card payment ratio  1427 . Credit card payment ratio  1427  may include a comparison of a number of purchases made using a credit card to a number of purchases made using alternative payment methods. The ratio may be computed for a particular merchant, MCC, time/date, location credit card type or other suitable transaction attribute. 
         [0276]    Synoptic attributes  1403  may include transaction frequency  1429 , total transactions per credit card type  1433  and average transaction cost  1435 . Average transaction cost  1435  may be calculated for a plurality of transaction records. 
         [0277]    For example, each transaction record that includes a particular POS attribute, such as a purchase made at location X, may include a variable transaction cost Y. Transaction cost Y may vary based on transaction attributes present in a transaction record. The transaction cost Y may correspond to a surcharge attribute (shown above in Table 4). Average transaction cost  1435  may correspond to an average transaction cost associated with location X. Average transaction cost  1435  may be appended to each transaction record that includes the attribute corresponding to location X. 
         [0278]    Synoptic attributes  1403  may include credit risk  1437 . An issuer may associate each authorized transaction with a credit risk. The issuer may append the credit risk to the transaction record. The credit risk may be determined based on a credit history associated with credit card type  1420 . The credit risk may be determined based on a credit history associated with the purchasing customer. 
         [0279]      FIG. 15  shows illustrative surcharge record  1500 . Surcharge record  1500  may include surcharge attributes  1503 - 1521 . Each of attributes  1503 - 1521  may correspond to a value. Each of attributes  1503 - 1521  may be identified in a transaction record such as transaction record  1300  (shown in  FIG. 13 ). 
         [0280]    A surcharge violation may be determined based on comparing one or more of attributes  1503 - 1521  to surcharge reference values  1501 . Surcharge reference values  1501  may include values that correspond to surcharge attributes  1523 - 1537 . Surcharge reference values  1501  may be determined based on one or more surcharge rules. 
         [0281]    For example, max allowable surcharge fraction  1529  may be compared to surcharge fraction  1511 . If surcharge fraction  1511  exceeds max allowable surcharge fraction  1529 , surcharge record  1500  may be associated with a surcharge violation. 
         [0282]      FIG. 16  shows illustrative scenario  1600 . Scenario  1600  shows customer  1607  at a point-of-sale. At the point-of-sale, customer  1607  may place purse  1609  on counter  1611 . Counter  1611  may include a transceiver (not shown). The transceiver may communicate with one or more payment instruments inside purse  1609 . The transceiver may receive payment instrument information from the one or more payment instruments. 
         [0283]    Based on the payment instrument information, display  1605  may present surcharge information to customer  1607 .  FIG. 16  shows that display  1605  is informing customer  1607  that a surcharge violation has been detected. In response to the surcharge violation, customer  1607  may abort the transaction. In response to the surcharge violation a merchant may waive the surcharge associated with the received payment instrument information. 
         [0284]      FIG. 17  shows illustrative chargeback record  1700 . Chargeback record  1700  may include a plurality of chargeback attributes. Chargeback record  1700  may be associated with transaction record  1701 . Chargeback record  1700  may be associated with transaction record  1701 . Chargeback record  1700  may be associated with transaction record  1701  based on one or more attribute shared by records  1700  and  1701 . For example, chargeback record  1700  may be associated with transaction record  1701  based on transaction ID  1703 . 
         [0285]    Based on transaction attributes included in transaction record  1701 , a surcharge refund amount may be determined. The surcharge refund may be determined for one of a plurality of items  1707  included in transaction record  1701 . For example, a customer may wish to return a product corresponding to item ID  1705 . The product corresponding to item ID  1705  may be one of the plurality of items  1707 . 
         [0286]    Surcharge refund amount  1709  may be determined for item ID  1705 . Surcharge refund amount  1709  may be determined based on total surcharge amount  1711  and items purchased  1707 . Surcharge refund amount  1709  may be determined based on any suitable transaction attributes. 
         [0287]    One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the steps shown and described herein may be performed in other than the recited order and that one or more steps illustrated may be optional. The methods of the above-referenced embodiments may involve the use of any suitable elements, steps, computer-executable instructions, or computer-readable data structures. In this regard, other embodiments are disclosed herein as well that can be partially or wholly implemented on a computer-readable medium, for example, by storing computer-executable instructions or modules or by utilizing computer-readable data structures. 
         [0288]    Thus, systems and methods for determining compliance with surcharge rules in connection with a transaction between two or more transaction participants have been provided. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced by other than the described embodiments, which are presented for purposes of illustration rather than of limitation. The present invention is limited only by the claims that follow.