Abstract:
A method of forming a finFET transistor device includes forming a crystalline, compressive strained silicon germanium (cSiGe) layer over a substrate; masking a first region of the cSiGe layer so as to expose a second region of the cSiGe layer; subjecting the exposed second region of the cSiGe layer to an implant process so as to amorphize a bottom portion thereof and transform the cSiGe layer in the second region to a relaxed SiGe (rSiGe) layer; performing an annealing process so as to recrystallize the rSiGe layer; epitaxially growing a tensile strained silicon layer on the rSiGe layer; and patterning fin structures in the tensile strained silicon layer and in the first region of the cSiGe layer.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    The present invention relates generally to semiconductor device manufacturing and, more particularly, to integrating strained silicon germanium (SiGe) and strained silicon (Si) fins in finFET structures. 
         [0002]    Field effect transistors (FETs) are widely used in the electronics industry for switching, amplification, filtering, and other tasks related to both analog and digital electrical signals. Most common among these are metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET or MOS), in which a gate structure is energized to create an electric field in an underlying channel region of a semiconductor body, by which electrons are allowed to travel through the channel between a source region and a drain region of the semiconductor body. Complementary MOS (CMOS) devices have become widely used in the semiconductor industry, wherein both n-type and p-type (NMOS and PMOS) transistors are used to fabricate logic and other circuitry. 
         [0003]    The source and drain regions of an FET are typically formed by adding dopants to targeted regions of a semiconductor body on either side of the channel. A gate structure is formed above the channel, which includes a gate dielectric located over the channel and a gate conductor above the gate dielectric. The gate dielectric is an insulator material, which prevents large leakage currents from flowing into the channel when a voltage is applied to the gate conductor, while allowing the applied gate voltage to set up a transverse electric field in the channel region in a controllable manner. Conventional MOS transistors typically include a gate dielectric formed by depositing or by growing silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) or silicon oxynitride (SiON) over a silicon wafer surface, with doped polysilicon formed over the SiO 2  to act as the gate conductor. 
         [0004]    The escalating demands for high density and performance associated with ultra large scale integrated (ULSI) circuit devices have required certain design features, such as shrinking gate lengths, high reliability and increased manufacturing throughput. The continued reduction of design features has challenged the limitations of conventional fabrication techniques. 
         [0005]    For example, when the gate length of conventional planar metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is scaled below 100 nm, problems associated with short channel effects (e.g., excessive leakage between the source and drain regions) become increasingly difficult to overcome. In addition, mobility degradation and a number of process issues also make it difficult to scale conventional MOSFETs to include increasingly smaller device features. New device structures are therefore being explored to improve FET performance and allow further device scaling. 
         [0006]    Double-gate MOSFETs represent one type of structure that has been considered as a candidate for succeeding existing planar MOSFETs. In double-gate MOSFETs, two gates may be used to control short channel effects. A finFET is a double-gate structure that exhibits good short channel behavior, and includes a channel formed in a vertical fin. The finFET structure may be fabricated using layout and process techniques similar to those used for conventional planar MOSFETs. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    In one aspect, a method of forming a finFET transistor device includes forming a crystalline, compressive strained silicon germanium (cSiGe) layer over a substrate; masking a first region of the cSiGe layer so as to expose a second region of the cSiGe layer; subjecting the exposed second region of the cSiGe layer to an implant process so as to amorphize a bottom portion thereof and transform the cSiGe layer in the second region to a relaxed SiGe (rSiGe) layer; performing an annealing process so as to recrystallize the rSiGe layer; epitaxially growing a tensile strained silicon layer on the rSiGe layer; and patterning fin structures in the tensile strained silicon layer and in the first region of the cSiGe layer. 
         [0008]    In another aspect, a method of forming a finFET transistor device includes thinning a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layer formed over a buried oxide (BOX) layer; epitaxially growing a crystalline, compressive strained silicon germanium (cSiGe) layer on the thinned SOI layer; performing a thermal process so as to drive germanium from the cSiGe layer into the thinned SOI layer; masking a first region of the cSiGe layer so as to expose a second region of the cSiGe layer; subjecting the exposed second region of the cSiGe layer to an implant process so as to amorphize a bottom portion thereof and transform the cSiGe layer in the second region to a relaxed SiGe (rSiGe) layer; performing an annealing process so as to recrystallize the rSiGe layer; epitaxially growing a tensile strained silicon layer on the rSiGe layer; and patterning fin structures in the tensile strained silicon layer and in the first region of the cSiGe layer. 
         [0009]    In still another aspect, a finFET transistor device includes a substrate; a first plurality of fin structures formed over the substrate, the first plurality of fin structures comprising a compressive strained, silicon germanium SiGe material; and a second plurality of fin structures formed over the substrate, the second plurality of fin structures comprising a tensile strained, silicon material. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]    Referring to the exemplary drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several Figures: 
           [0011]      FIGS. 1 through 15, 17 and 18  are a series of cross sectional views and  FIG. 16  is a top view an exemplary embodiment of a method of forming finFET transistor devices, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, in which: 
           [0012]      FIG. 1  illustrates a starting semiconductor structure including a thinned silicon-on-insulator layer formed on a buried oxide (BOX) layer; 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  illustrates the formation of an epitaxially grown, crystalline SiGe layer on the structure of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  illustrates a thermal process to drive germanium from the SiGe layer into the silicon of the SOI layer; 
           [0015]      FIG. 4  illustrates removal of the oxide layer from the structure in  FIG. 3 ; 
           [0016]      FIG. 5  illustrates lithographic patterning of the structure in  FIG. 4  to expose an “n” region of the device while protecting a “p” region of the device; 
           [0017]      FIG. 6  illustrates an implant process that subjects the exposed portions of the compressive strained SiGe layer in the “n” region an implant species that amorphizes a bottom portion of the SiGe layer; 
           [0018]      FIG. 7  illustrates the removal of resist layer portion of a block mask and a recrystallization anneal that fully crystallizes the relaxed SiGe layer in the “n” region; 
           [0019]      FIG. 8  illustrates recessing of the crystallized relaxed SiGe layer in preparation for use as a seed layer for further epitaxial growth; 
           [0020]      FIG. 9  illustrates an epitaxial silicon growth process to form a tensile strained silicon layer in the “n” region; 
           [0021]      FIG. 10  illustrates removal of the remaining hardmask layer over the “p” region; 
           [0022]      FIG. 11  illustrates the patterning of a set of compressive strained SiGe fins, and a set of tensile strained Si fins from the structure of  FIG. 10 ; 
           [0023]      FIG. 12  illustrates the formation of a dummy gate stack including a dummy gate oxide layer and a dummy amorphous or polysilicon gate layer over the dummy gate oxide layer; 
           [0024]      FIG. 13  illustrates removal of the dummy gate layer from the structure of  FIG. 12 ; 
           [0025]      FIG. 14  illustrates masking to block the “p” region and expose a portion of the “n” region in order to remove the dummy gate oxide layer from the exposed portion of the “n” region; 
           [0026]      FIG. 15  illustrates removal of the mask; 
           [0027]      FIG. 16  is a top view that illustrates an etch process to remove portions of the relaxed SiGe layer beneath the tensile strained Si NFET fins; 
           [0028]      FIG. 17  is a cross sectional view along the arrows in  FIG. 16 ; and 
           [0029]      FIG. 18  illustrates the removal of the remaining dummy gate oxide layer from the “p” region, and the formation of final high-k and gate stack layers. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0030]    For both planar FET and finFET devices, the transistor gain is proportional to the mobility (μ) of the majority carrier in the transistor channel. The current carrying capability, and hence the performance of a MOS transistor is proportional to the mobility of the majority carrier in the channel. The mobility of holes, which are the majority carriers in a P-channel field effect transistor (PFET), and the mobility of electrons, which are the majority carriers in an N-channel field effect transistor (NFET), may be enhanced by applying an appropriate stress to the channel. Existing stress engineering methods greatly enhance circuit performance by increasing device drive current without increasing device size and device capacitance. For example, a tensile stress liner applied to a planar NFET transistor induces a longitudinal stress in the channel and enhances the electron mobility, while a compressive stress liner applied to a planar PFET transistor induces a compressive stress in the channel and enhances the hole mobility. 
         [0031]    Next generation CMOS technologies, for example finFET (or tri-gate)  3 D transistor structures, continue to rely on increased channel mobility to improve the device performance. Accordingly, embodiments herein provide a new integration method to form finFET transistor devices with increased channel mobility. In one exemplary embodiment, an integration method and resulting device provides a tensile strained silicon (Si) NFET and a compressive strained channel silicon germanium (SiGe) PFET incorporating a finFET or tri gate structure. 
         [0032]    Referring generally now to  FIGS. 1 through 19 , there is shown a series of cross sectional views and a top view ( FIG. 16 ) of a method of forming finFET transistor devices, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 1 , a starting semiconductor structure  100  includes a semiconductor-on-insulator layer, or more specifically a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layer  102  formed on a buried insulator layer, or more specifically a buried oxide (BOX) layer  104 . Although not specifically illustrated in  FIG. 1 , one skilled in the art will appreciate that the BOX layer is formed on a bulk semiconductor substrate such as, for example, silicon, germanium, silicon-germanium alloy, silicon carbon alloy, silicon-germanium-carbon alloy, gallium arsenide, indium arsenide, indium phosphide, III-V compound semiconductor materials, II-VI compound semiconductor materials, organic semiconductor materials, and other compound semiconductor materials. 
         [0033]    The SOI layer  102  shown in  FIG. 1  is used as a seeding layer for a subsequent epitaxial SiGe growth process. As such, the SOI layer  102  is initially prepared for such seeding by thinning the SOI layer  102  down to an appropriate thickness of, for example, about 10 nanometers (nm) or less, and more specifically to about a thickness of 5 nm or less.  FIG. 2  illustrates the formation of the epitaxially grown, crystalline SiGe layer  106 , having a thickness of about 35 nm or more. The thickness of the SiGe layer  106  is dependent on Ge concentration. As an example, if the Ge concentration is 20-25%, the SiGe layer thickness is less than 50 nm. The lower the Ge concentration, the thicker SiGe layer can be grown, and vice versa. Then, as shown in  FIG. 3 , a thermal oxidation or thermal diffusion process is performed in order to drive germanium from the SiGe layer  106  into the silicon of the SOI seed layer  102 . As a result, the SiGe layer  106  effectively extends to the top of the BOX layer  104 , and an oxide layer  107  atop the SiGe layer  106  may be formed. However, the oxide layer  107  may then be removed as shown in  FIG. 4  by a suitable process, such as a dilute hydrogen fluoride (DHF) and water etch for example. The SiGe layer  106  atop the BOX layer  104  is fully (compressive) strained at this point in the processing, and is hereafter referred to as a compressive SiGe (cSiGe) layer  106 . 
         [0034]    Referring now to  FIG. 5 , the resulting structure is lithographically patterned with a blocking mask  108  that may include a nitride (e.g., SiN) or an oxide hardmask layer  110 , and a photoresist layer  112 . The mask  108  is patterned in a manner to expose an “n” region of the device (i.e., where NFET devices are to be formed) while protecting a “p” region of the device (i.e., where PFET devices are to be formed). As then shown in  FIG. 6 , the exposed portions of the cSiGe layer  106  in the “n” region are subjected to an implant species (indicated by the arrows) that amorphizes a bottom portion  114  of the cSiGe layer  106  in the “n” region. This amorphization of the bottom portion  114  has the effect of relaxing the cSiGe layer  106  in the “n” region; thus, the now relaxed portion of the cSiGe layer  106  is hereafter designated as a relaxed SiGe (rSiGe) layer  106 ′ in the figures. 
         [0035]    The implanted species represented by the arrows in  FIG. 6  may be any appropriate species, such as Si, Ge or other neutral implant that results in a damaged or amorphized lower portion  114 . However, it should be noted that the implant energy and other conditions should be selected so as to keep an upper portion of the rSiGe layer  106 ′ in a crystalline state, as this upper portion acts as a seed layer for a subsequent recrystallization of the entire layer. For example, in the case of using Si as the implant species, an implant energy in the range of about 10-30 KeV may be used, with an implant dosage of about 1×10 14  atoms/cm 2 . 
         [0036]    Following the amorphizing implant, the resist layer portion  112  of the block mask  108  is removed prior to a recrystallization anneal that fully crystallizes the relaxed (rSiGe) layer  106 ′ in the “n” region, as shown in  FIG. 7 . Here, the heavy dashed line is used to distinguish between the rSiGe layer  106 ′ and the compressive (cSiGe) layer  106  in the “p” region. The recrystallization anneal may take place, for example, in an N 2  ambient at a temperature ranging from about 400 to 1050° C., and for a duration ranging from seconds to hours. 
         [0037]    Referring now to  FIG. 8 , the crystallized rSiGe layer  106 ′ is then recessed in preparation for use as a seed layer for further epitaxial growth. The recessing may be performed by, for example, reactive ion etching (RIE) until the remaining thickness of the rSiGe layer  106 ′ is on the order of about 10 nanometers or less, and more specifically, around 5 nm or less. Following one or more cleaning processes as known in the art (e.g., standard clean (SC 1 ), in situ HCl, etc.), an epitaxial silicon growth process is performed to result in a tensile strained silicon layer  116  in the “n” region, as shown in  FIG. 9 . 
         [0038]    Once the tensile strained silicon layer  116  is formed, the remaining hardmask layer  110  over the “p” region is removed in preparation for fin formation, as shown in  FIG. 10 . The patterning and formation of the fins is shown in  FIG. 11 , which illustrates a set of compressive strained SiGe fins  118 , and a set of tensile strained Si fins  120 . Thereafter, additional processing is performed in accordance with FET device techniques including, for example: dummy gate stack formation in the case of replacement gate FET devices (e.g., gate oxide deposition, amorphous or polysilicon deposition, hardmask deposition, lithography and gate patterning), spacer formation (e.g., silicon nitride, oxide), epitaxial source/drain fin merging, source/drain formation (implantation/anneal), ILD formation, and dummy gate removal. As such processing operations are known to those skilled in the art, the details thereof are omitted herein. 
         [0039]    For purposes of continuity and completeness, reference may now be made to the cross sectional view of  FIG. 12 , which illustrates the patterned fin structures of  FIG. 11 , following the above described dummy gate stack formation, spacer formation fin merging, and source/drain formation processes prior to dummy gate stack removal. More specifically,  FIG. 12  illustrates the formation of a dummy gate stack structure including a dummy gate oxide layer  122  over the BOX layer  104 , the compressive strained SiGe fins  118 , and the tensile strained Si fins  120 , and a dummy amorphous or polysilicon gate layer  124  over the dummy gate oxide layer  122 . 
         [0040]    Then, as shown in  FIG. 13 , the dummy gate layer is removed. In  FIG. 14 , a patterned mask  126  (e.g., photoresist) is used to block the “p” region and expose a portion of the “n” region in order to remove the dummy gate oxide layer  122  from the exposed portion of “n” region. The etch of the dummy gate oxide layer  122  may be a buffered oxide etch, also known as a buffered HF or BHF, which provides a more controlled etch rate with respect to a more concentrated HF etch. 
         [0041]    Once the dummy gate oxide layer  122  is removed from the exposed portion of the “n” region, the mask  126  may be removed as shown in  FIG. 15 , and another etch process is then employed to remove portions of the rSiGe layer  106 ′ beneath the tensile strained Si NFET fins  120 . This may be accomplished by an HCl etch, for example. An illustrative top view in this regard is shown in  FIG. 16 , in addition to the cross sectional view of  FIG. 17 , taken along the arrows of  FIG. 16 . In  FIG. 16 , the top view also illustrates (in addition to the compressive strained SiGe fins  118  and tensile strained Si fins  120 ), epitaxially merged source/drain regions  124  and dummy gate spacers  126 . In  FIG. 17 , the cross sectional view shows the rSiGe layer  106 ′ having been removed from beneath the tensile strained Si NFET fins  120  in this region corresponding to the gate locations. 
         [0042]    Once the rSiGe layer  106 ′ is removed, the remaining dummy gate oxide layer  122  can be removed from the “p” region in preparation of forming the final high-k and gate stack layers, which is illustrated in  FIG. 18 . As is shown, a high-k layer  128  is formed over the “n” region and the “p” region. Specific examples of high-k dielectric materials include, but are not limited to: HfO 2 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SrTiO 3 , LaAlO 3 , Y 2 O 3 , HfO x N y , ZrO x N y , La 2 O x N y , Al 2 O x N y , TiO x N y , SrTiO x N y , LaAlO x N y , Y 2 O x N y , a silicate thereof, and an alloy thereof. Each value of x is independently from 0.5 to 3 and each value of y is independently from 0 to 2. The thickness of the high-k dielectric layer  118  may be from about 1 nm to about 10 nm, and more specifically from about 1.5 nm to about 3 nm. 
         [0043]    It will be noted that the high-k layer  128  may conformally adhere to the underside of the tensile strained Si NFET fins  120 . In this instance, the NFET devices may be considered to have a “gate all around” structure (i.e., the gate wraps around top, bottom and side surfaces of the fin structure) while the PFET devices may be considered to have a “tri-gate” structure (i.e., the gate wraps around top and side surfaces of the fin structure). One or more workfunction metal layers  130  are then formed over the structure, followed by one or more gate metal layers  132 . The one or more gate metal layers  132  may include, for example, a wetting titanium nitride deposition layer, and one or more of aluminum, titanium-doped aluminum, tungsten or copper. 
         [0044]    From this point, conventional processing as known in the art may continue including, for example, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of the gate metal layers  132 , silicide contact formation for gate, source and drain terminals, upper level wiring formation, etc. 
         [0045]    As will thus be appreciated, the embodiments described herein provide for a finFET structure having tensile strained Si channels for NFET devices and a compressive strained SiGe channels for PFET devices using a novel process integration scheme that transforms compressive SiGe to relaxed SiGe by using implantation and recrystallization techniques. This in turn provides the advantages of superior electron mobility for the NFET devices due to tensile strain, and superior hole mobility for the PFET devices by using compressive SiGe channel material. 
         [0046]    While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment or embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.