Abstract:
To provide a system in which a configuration is simple and a switching of an optical line can be performed at a high speed. A protection unit for performing optical line protection by using K1-K2 information inserted into a payload is provided for each physical interface. The protection unit includes a filter for separating a payload of user data and a payload including K1-K2 information according to a control signal in a received payload, a selector for switching user data to be transmitted or K1-K2 information to be transmitted after adding a control signal of a value corresponding thereto, and a control unit for controlling an output buffer to a switch block and creating K1-K2 information to be transmitted and communicating with a physical interface card of another system on the basis of K1-K2 information.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to a system of optical line protection, and partially, relates to a device and a method of optical line protection in SDH/SONET (synchronous digital hierarchy/synchronous optical network).  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Prior Art  
           [0004]    In a system of optical line protection of SDH/SONET, previously, particularly as shown in FIG. 15, a management and control card  601  has mainly and intensively performed a control of each physical interface card and a processing of K1-K2 control information.  
           [0005]    The K1-K2 control information is embedded in an overhead of an SDH/SONET signal in advance, and by extracting and inserting that information, the control of switching of the optical lines from the current system to the spare system is performed. In FIG. 15, the circuit for terminating the physical layer on a current system physical interface card  201 W of the own station side device extracts the K1-K2 control information from the overhead, and transfers it through S 501  to the management and control card  601 . On the contrary, from the management and control card  601 , the K1-K2 control information is inserted into the circuit for terminating the frame of SDH/SONET and the overhead on the current system physical interface card  201 W through S 502 . The transfer of the K1-K2 control information on the spare system physical interface card  201 P is also similar, and the exchange of information is performed by using signal lines S 503 , S 504 . On the optical line signal reception side, the frame of SDH/SONET and the overhead information are terminated in all physical interface cards in the device, and only the K1-K2 control information is taken out through a separately arranged signal line, and is sent to the management and control card ( 601 ), and similarly, on the signal transmission side, only the K1-K2 control information is sent from the management and control card ( 601 ) through a separately arranged signal line to the physical interface card, and is put on the overhead on the frame of SDH/SONET. That is, the management and control card ( 601 ) performs termination processing of the K1-K2 control information from all physical panels, and further, by performing the tri-state control (for example, control by S 505 , S 506 , S 2505 , S 2506 ) of the gate for passing a signal ( 301 ) going toward a switch block ( 401 ), it controls the switching from the current system to the spare system or from the spare system to the current system of a signal from each physical interface card.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       OBJECT OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    Here, in the case where a plurality of optical line ports exist on the physical interface card, or in the case where the device has a configuration of a plurality of physical interface cards in which a plurality of optical line ports are packaged, it is necessary to provide a signal line for the K1-K2 control information processing separately for each optical line port. Furthermore, it is also necessary to similarly separately provide a signal line for the tri-state control for opening and closing of the gate of a signal line leading toward the switch block  401 . Thus, it is necessary to have dedicated hardware and software for performing optical line protection on the management and control card, and further, as the number of optical ports to be switched increases, the number of signal lines to be provided also increases, and the process for performing the switching also becomes more complicated, and as a result, the execution time for the switching itself is increased, which is a defect.  
           [0007]    It is a main object of the present invention to provide an optical line protection device and a method, in which the configuration of the device is not complicated but simple and the switching of the optical lines can be performed at a high speed, even when a plurality of physical interface cards are packaged and a plurality of optical ports also exist on the card, and even when the switching commands of the optical line or the like are produced by turns because of the degradation such as a trouble or an error of the optical transmission line, or the manual operation from the superior management system, in the case of a configuration having a lot of optical ports because of the hugeness of the device.  
           [0008]    Furthermore, it is an object to provide an optical line protection system, in which the configuration of the device is efficient and simple and the switching of the optical lines can be performed at a high speed, even in such a configuration where there is no frame signal for inserting K1-K2 control information and other overhead signals in order to increase the band of use, and continuous packet data is directly converted into light and is inputted or outputted as a line signal.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0009]    The optical line protection according to the present invention comprises protection means for performing optical line protection by using K1-K2 information inserted into a payload of a packet, for each physical interface.  
           [0010]    Furthermore, the optical line protection system according to the present invention is the above described optical line protection system, in which the above described protection means includes: a filter for separating a payload of user data and a payload including K1-K2 information according to a control signal in a received payload; a selector for switching user data to be transmitted or K1-K2 information to be transmitted after adding a control signal of a value corresponding thereto; and control means for controlling an output buffer to a switch block and creating K1-K2 information to be transmitted and communicating with a physical interface card of another system on the basis of K1-K2 information in a payload including K1-K2 information outputted from the above described filter.  
           [0011]    Furthermore, the optical line protection system according to the present invention is the above described optical line protection system further including means for detecting a trouble of the physical port by performing a CRC check on the basis of a payload length and a CRC code thereon.  
           [0012]    The optical line protection in SDH/SONET according to the present invention includes protection means for performing optical line protection by using K1-K2 information inserted into an overhead of an SDH/SONET frame, for each physical interface.  
           [0013]    Furthermore, the optical line protection in SDH/SONET according to the present invention is the above described optical line protection system in SDH/SONET, in which the above described protection means includes: extracting means for extracting the above described K1-K2 information from a received overhead; inserting means for inserting K1-K2 information to be transmitted into an overhead to be transmitted; and control means for controlling an output buffer to a switch block and creating K1-K2 information to be transmitted and communicating with a physical interface card of another system on the basis of K1-K2 information outputted from the extracting means.  
           [0014]    Furthermore, the optical line protection in SDH/SONET according to the present invention is the above described optical line protection system in SDH/SONET further includes means for detecting a trouble of the physical port by performing a CRC check on the basis of a payload length and a CRC code thereon.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0015]    This above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages of this invention will become more apparent by reference to the following detailed description of the invention taken conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a line protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 2 is a view showing a format of a signal inputted and outputted between a module  2014  and an optical module  2011  according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 3 is a view showing a format of a signal outputted from the module  2014  to a filter  2017  and a signal outputted from a selector  2018  to the module  2014  according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 4 is a view showing a format of K1 information among K1-K2 control information;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 5 is a view showing a format of K2 information among K1-K2 control information;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 6 is a first view for describing a protocol at the time of line switching according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 7 is a second view for describing a protocol at the time of line switching according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 8 is a third view for describing a protocol at the time of line switching according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 9 is a fourth view for describing a protocol at the time of line switching according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 10 is a fifth view for describing a protocol at the time of line switching according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a physical interface card according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configurations of a current system physical interface card and a spare system physical interface card, and the connecting relation thereof according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a physical interface card according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 14 is a figure showing a frame format of SDH/SONET used in embodiment 2 of the present invention; and  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a line protection system according to a conventional example.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0031]    [0031]FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the total of the system of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows an example where there is no frame and no overhead signal in SDH/SONET and the signal made by directly converting the data (refer to FIG. 2) of the continuous packets (packets described in claim  1 ) into light is inputted and outputted to and from the optical line signal port of each physical interface card.  
         [0032]    As shown in FIG. 12, each of the physical interface cards ( 201 W,  201 P) of the current system and the spare system is connected to the physical interface card of the device on the opposite station side through the optical line respectively, and performs sending and receiving of the packet data with the device on the opposite station side.  
         [0033]    Referring to FIG. 11, an optical line reception signal (S 101 ) is converted into an electric signal as continuous packet data (S 2012 ) in an optical module  2011  of the physical interface card ( 201 ). From that continuous packet data signal S 2012  (signal format is shown in FIG. 2), a clock is regenerated in a block  2014 , and as for the packet data signal S 2012 , the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) for every 2 Byte at the head showing the packet length is entirely performed for each byte on the stream, and by this, the head of the packet data signal S 2012  can be found. In the head of the packet, information (2 Byte) showing the payload length is written, and on the basis of this payload length, the head of the next packet is found, and the CRC check is performed again. Thus, the heads of the packet are found by turns from a packet to a packet and the CRC check is performed, and as a result, a synchronous drawing state is made, and after that, the module ( 2014 ) outputs payload information (S 2015 ) therein (FIG. 3).  
         [0034]    On the contrary, in the optical line signal transmitting direction, the module ( 2014 ) adds information (2 Byte) showing the payload length, CRC information thereof, and a trailer (FIG. 2) to a packet data signal S 302  as user data from a switch block ( 401 ) or packet data S 2029  (format is shown in FIG. 3) as a switch request signal, and outputs them to the optical module  2011 . The optical module  2011  converts the electric signal of the continuous packet data signal S 2013  (format is shown in FIG. 2) into an optical signal.  
         [0035]    The controlling packet data corresponding to K1-K2 control information (refer to FIGS. 4, 5) of the overhead of the SDH/SONET signal that is a switch request is processed in the physical interface card ( 201 ), and data other than that is inputted and outputted to and from the next block (switch block:  401 ) and processed. Here, the process of the physical panels ( 201 W,  201 P) of the switching signal (K1-K2 control information) for controlling the line protection will be described by using FIG. 11 and FIG. 12.  
         [0036]    The controlling packet data corresponding to the K1-K2 control information that is a switch request is exchanged between the devices by the format frame in FIG. 2 similarly to other user data, and it is exchanged by the format in FIG. 3 to and from a CPU module ( 2021 ) and the switch block ( 401 ).  
         [0037]    The controlling packet data and the packet as user data can easily be discriminated by writing some information in the Control field of the format in FIG. 3.  
         [0038]    In the signal receiving direction, the Filter block (FIG. 11, 2017) finds a byte (Control) next to the head byte (Address) of a signal S 2015  (PDU part in FIG. 2), and judges whether it is controlling packet data or a packet as user data by the value of the Control field therein, and in the case where it is controlling packet data, the signal S 2015  is written in the FIFO ( 2019 ) as a signal S 2030 , and in the case where it is not controlling packet data, the signal S 2015  is sent out to the switch block  401  through a tri-state buffer  2034  as user data S 2032  as it is.  
         [0039]    In the signal sending out direction, a user data signal S 302  coming from the switch block  401  and a controlling packet data signal S 2029  (PDU part in FIG. 2) coming from the CPU module  2021  are selected and multiplexed in a Selector  2018 , and are sent out to the module  2014  as a signal S 2016 , and the module  2014  adds the information such as a payload length, a CRC, or a trailer to the signal S 2016 , and sends out the signal S 2013  with a signal format in FIG. 2 to the optical module  2011 .  
         [0040]    By doing this, it is possible to attain an effect similar to the effect based on the switching of each line panel of the current system and the spare system where the extraction of K1-K2 control information from the overhead in the frame of SDH/SONET or the insertion of K1-K2 control information into the overhead is performed by the conventional method.  
         [0041]    Next, the line switching from the current system to the spare system in a doubled optical transmission line will be described by referring to FIGS.  4  to  10  and FIG. 12.  
         [0042]    FIGS.  6  to  10  show a state where a trouble (Signal Degrade with low priority) is produced in an optical line signal doubled to 1+1 (signal corresponding to 155 M or 622 M), and by using a two-way protection switching method (Bidirectional switching in both the sending and receiving directions of the optical line signal), the state transition is performed in each panel and the switching is performed from the current system to the spare system.  
         [0043]    Every exchange of the basic protocol (exchange of switching K1-K2 control information) between the own station and the opposite station is performed through a line of the spare system, and it is similar to the previously standardized exchange of the K1-K2 control information using an SDH/SONET frame (reference: TR-NWT-000253 published by Bellcore).  
         [0044]    Then, first, FIG. 6 shows a regular state where the K1-K2 control information is 0000, 0000-0000, 0101 (refer to FIGS. 4, 5 as for the detailed contents of the bit) and there is no trouble. Furthermore, the present information is exchanged so that the line switching is performed bidirectionally if performed, and in the case where a switch request is issued, the switching from the current system to the spare system is performed in both the transmission line and the reception line.  
         [0045]    In FIG. 6, no switch request (SW REQ) that is a request for performing the switching is outputted from any station.  
         [0046]    Next, as shown in FIG. 7, a signal error (Signal Degrade) occurs in the current system optical line signal S 102 W, and the opposite station side device {circle over ( 2 )} detects it. At that moment, the physical interface card  2201 W of the opposite station side device {circle over ( 2 )} detects the present error by performing a CRC check (refer to FIG. 2) of the head payload length (2 Byte) for each packet data. The signal error occurs because of an LOS (loss of signal), or an LOF (loss of frame) or the like, but these are not directly detected.  
         [0047]    The current system physical interface card  2201 W notifies the spare system line panel  2201 P of the fact that a signal error (here, Signal Degrade with low priority) has occurred in the current system optical line signal S 102 W. As for the notifying method, in FIG. 12, the CPU module ( 2021 W) on the current system physical interface card writes that effect into the Dual Port RAM ( 2022 P) on the spare system physical interface card, and applies an interrupt onto the CPU module  2021 P, and consequently, the notification can be performed.  
         [0048]    Then, the spare system physical interface card  2201 P transfers the K1-K2 control information (1010, 0000-0000, 0101) to the mating station through the spare system optical line signal S 101 P in order to notify the mating station (own station side device {circle over ( 1 )}) of the fact that an error (Signal Degrade with low priority) has occurred in the current system optical line signal.  
         [0049]    In FIG. 8, the spare system physical interface card  201 P of the own station side device {circle over ( 1 )} receives the K1-K2 control information (1010, 0000-0000, 0101), and after that, it returns the K1-K2 control information (0010, 0001-0000, 0101 (reverse request of channel  1 )) to the spare system physical interface card  2201 P of the opposite station side device {circle over ( 2 )} in order to notify the opposite station side device {circle over ( 2 )} of the fact that the present signal has been received.  
         [0050]    In FIG. 9, the spare system physical interface card  2201 P of the opposite station side device {circle over ( 2 )} notifies the current system panel  2201 W of the fact that the present signal has been received, and in the meantime, it returns the K1-K2 control information (1010, 0001-0001, 0101) to the spare system physical interface card  201 P of the own station side device {circle over ( 1 )}. Similarly, the spare system physical interface card of the own station side device {circle over ( 1 )} returns the K1-K2 control information (0010, 0001-0000, 0101).  
         [0051]    At that moment, the respective current system panels ( 201 W,  2201 W) receiving the notice close the tri-state buffers ( 2034 W, similar buffer in the opposite station side device {circle over ( 2 )}) of the signal lines S 301 , S 2301  leading to the SW modules.  
         [0052]    In FIG. 10, in the respective stations, in order to finish the switching from the current system to the spare system of the line, the spare system panels ( 201 P,  2201 P) open the tri-state buffers ( 2034 P, similar buffer in the opposite station side device {circle over ( 2 )}) of the signal lines (S 301 , S 2301 ) leading to the SW modules that have been closed until now, and output a signal, and consequently, the switching is finished.  
         [0053]    [0053]FIGS. 11, 12 show the configurations of a first embodiment of the present invention, and the detailed action of each of those configurations will be shown below.  
         [0054]    The present configuration shows the contents of a physical interface card (indicating  201 W in FIG. 1) for inputting and outputting a signal made by directly converting continuous packet data (refer to FIG. 2) into light. In the part surrounded by a dotted line, the optical module  2011  converts the optical line reception signal (S 101 ) into the continuous packet data (S 2012 ) as an electric signal. The module ( 2014 ) regenerates the clock, and finds the head of the packet by entirely performing the CRC check for every 2 Byte for each byte on the stream, and finds the head of the next packet by the information (2 Byte) showing the payload length of the packet head, and performs the CRC check again, and consequently, a synchronous drawing state is made. Thus, the heads are found by turns from a packet to a packet, and the CRC check is performed, and when the synchronous drawing state is made, the payload information S 2015  (FIG. 3) therein is outputted from the present block ( 2014 ).  
         [0055]    The Filter block  2017  finds the byte (Control) next to the headbyte (Address) in the above signal S 2015 , and filters that to find whether it is controlling packet data (corresponding to the K1-K2 control information that is a switch request) or a packet as user data by the Control field in the payload, and in the case where it is a controlling packet, it is written in the FIFO ( 2019 ), and in the case where it is not a controlling packet, it is passed to the switch block  401  as the packet data S 301  through the tri-state buffer  2034  as user data as it is. In the tri-state buffer  2034 , the opening and closing is controlled on the basis of the control signal S 2031  by the CPU.  
         [0056]    The tri-state buffer  2034  is open normally when the physical interface card  201  is of the current system, and when the card is of the spare system, it is closed to have a high impedance output. Furthermore, the controlling packet data written in the FIFO ( 2019 ) is read out at any time by the CPU module ( 2021 ).  
         [0057]    On the other hand, the Selector block  2018  selects and multiplexes the signal S 2033  (the same as S 302 ) coming from the switch block  401  and the controlling packet signal S 2029  outputted from the CPU module ( 2021 ) and coming through the FIFO ( 2020 ), and sends out them to the block ( 2014 ) as the signal S 2016  (refer to FIG. 3 as for the packet format). At this moment, the value of the control of the second byte of the signal S 2015  is switched depending on whether the signal S 2033  is selected or the signal S 2029  is selected.  
         [0058]    As mentioned above, the block ( 2014 ) adds the information such as a payload length, a CRC, or a trailer so that the signal has the signal format in FIG. 2, and sends out the signal to the optical module  2011 .  
         [0059]    The Dual Port RAM ( 2022 ) is an PAM for communicating with the spare system panel, and the data as the S 2023  coming from the CPU module on the spare system physical interface card is written in the Dual Port RAM ( 2022 ), and the fact that writing-in has been performed to the CPU module is shown by the interrupt signal S 2025 , and that data is read out as the S 2026 . On the contrary, in order to tell the information to the mating panel, the CPU module ( 2021 ) writes the data as the S 2024  in the Dual Port RAM on the spare system physical interface card, and similarly, an interrupt signal is produced to tell the fact that writing-in is performed to the CPU on the spare system physical interface. Thus, the exchange of data is performed between the physical interface cards of the current system and the spare system (details are shown in FIG. 12).  
         [0060]    [0060]FIG. 13 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0061]    As described until now, in the first embodiment, the line protection is performed by such a system where packets shown in FIGS. 2, 3 are continued and they are directly inputted into the device with a circuit configuration shown in FIG. 11 as an optical line signal, and on the other hand, in the second embodiment, a similar effect can be obtained even in the case where the optical input and output signal has a conventional frame configuration (refer to FIG. 14) of SDH/SONET.  
         [0062]    The basic action of the total of the device such as the exchange of the K1-K2 control information (protocol) for performing the optical line switching between the devices of the own station and the opposite station, or the exchange of the information using the Dual Port RAM between the current system physical interface card and the spare system physical interface card is the same as that of the first embodiment.  
         [0063]    Here, the processing of the K1-K2 control information to be the trigger for the optical line switching in the physical interface card will be described. In the optical module  2011  on the physical interface card, the optical line reception signal (S 101 ) with the frame format (refer to FIG. 14) of SDH/SONET is converted into an electric signal. The electric signal S 2012  is inputted into the module  2014  to regenerate a clock, and the synchronous drawing and the termination of the overhead information are performed by the frame signal, and the information of the K1-K2 control information is separated and is written in the FIFO ( 2019 ) as S 2030 . On the other hand, the user data as a payload signal in which the overhead signal such as the frame signal is removed is outputted to the switch block ( 401 ) as S 2015 . On the contrary, in the optical signal transmitting direction, the payload signal S 302  as user data from the switch block ( 401 ) is written in the module  2014  as S 2032 , and there, the frame information and pointer value of SDH/SONET, other overhead signals, and K1-K2 control information are inserted, and the signal is outputted to the optical module  2011  as a signal with a frame of SDH/SONET shown in FIG. 14, and finally, it is outputted from the present physical interface card as the optical line signal S 102 .  
         [0064]    Here, the K1-K2 control information is outputted as S 2027  by the CPU module  2021 , and is written in the FIFO ( 2020 ) in advance, and it can be transferred to the opposite station as the information (FIG. 14) in the above frame of SDH/SONET by being read out of the present FIFO ( 2020 ) as the signal S 2029  by the timing of outputting the K1-K2 control information as the overhead. The reading-out of the K1-K2 control information from the FIFO ( 2019 ) by the CPU module  2021 , the writing-in to the FIFO ( 2020 ), the communication with the spare system physical interface card using the Dual Port RAM ( 2022 ), and the state transition because of the exchange of the K1-K2 control information between the devices of the own station and the opposite station or the like are similar to those of the first embodiment, and therefore, here, there is no special need to give a description, but a similar effect can be obtained, that is, the line switching can be performed at a high speed and with a simple configuration of the device.  
         [0065]    As described above, the present invention is a device for performing line protection in the switching based on a trouble (because of a signal LOS (loss of signal), an LOF (loss of frame), an error or the like) of the physical port (SDH/SONET line) that is a physical layer, or a switching command from the mating station side in a system shown in FIG. 1, wherein there is such an effect that the line switching can be performed at a high speed and with a simple configuration of the device by performing the exchange of the K1-K2 control information as a switching signal only between physical interface cards of the current system and the spare system, even in the case (refer to FIGS. 2, 3) where there is no SDH/SONET frame and packet data is directly exchanged as an optical signal, though the line switching has previously been performed in such a way, where the K1-K2 control information that is a switching signals is extracted from the overhead signal of the SDH/SONET frame in each of the physical interface cards of the current system and the spare system, and those signals are outputted to the management and control card for intensively managing the devices, and the processing is performed in that management and control card.