Abstract:
In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method, which may include detecting a presence of an object at least proximate to a first wireless power transmitter; determining whether the object is compatible with a first wireless power protocol of the first wireless power transmitter; and providing an indication representative of a location of a second wireless power transmitter, when the determining indicates the object is incompatible with the first wireless power protocol of the first wireless power transmitter. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also disclosed.

Description:
FIELD 
     The subject matter described herein relates to wireless charging. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Wireless charging refers to a power transmitter transferring energy wirelessly to a power receiver. For example, a power transmitter may be implemented as a so-called charging plate. In this example, when another device is placed on the charging plate, the power transmitter transfers energy to the other device (i.e., the power receiver). In this way, the other device can be charged. Wireless charging may work based on the principle of inductive charging, although other technologies may be used as well including magnetic resonance based charging. The power transmitter may include a primary coil which when energized induces an electromagnetic field into the adjacent secondary coil in the power receiver. 
     SUMMARY 
     Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for wireless charging. 
     In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method, which may include detecting a presence of an object at least proximate to a first wireless power transmitter; determining whether the object is compatible with a first wireless power protocol of the first wireless power transmitter; and providing an indication representative of a location of a second wireless power transmitter, when the determining indicates the object is incompatible with the first wireless power protocol of the first wireless power transmitter. 
     In some variations, one or more of the features disclosed herein including the following features can optionally be included in any feasible combination. The determining whether the object is compatible with the first wireless power protocol may also include sending a ping signal according to the first wireless power protocol; and determining whether a response is received in a predetermined time. The response may be a ping response. The method may also include sending a ping signal according to a second wireless power protocol of the second wireless power transmitter and determining whether a second ping response is received in a predetermined time. The determining whether the object is compatible with the first wireless power protocol may include detecting a load modulation of the ping signal, decoding the load modulation of the ping signal to obtain a ping response, and determining that the ping response is not compatible with the first wireless power protocol. The method may further include determining that the ping response is compatible with a second wireless power protocol of the second wireless power transmitter. The first wireless power transmitter may support a plurality of wireless power protocols or protocol versions. The method may further include providing the indication representative of the location of the second wireless power transmitter, in response to determining that the object is compatible with the first wireless power transmitter and the second wireless power transmitter. 
     The above-noted aspects and features may be implemented in systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles depending on the desired configuration. The details of one or more variations of the subject matter described herein are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the drawings, 
         FIG. 1  depicts an example of an indication generated to show that a wireless charging receiver is compatible with a wireless charging transmitter, in accordance with some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 2A  depicts an example of an indication generated to show that a wireless charging receiver is not compatible with a wireless charging transmitter, in accordance with some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 2B  depicts an example of a wireless charging surface, in accordance with some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 3  depicts an example process for indicating wireless charging compatibility, in accordance with some example embodiments; 
         FIG. 4A  depicts an example of wireless charging transmitter and an example of a wireless charging receiver, in accordance with some example embodiments; and 
         FIG. 4B  depicts an example of a user equipment, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
     
    
    
     Like labels are used to refer to same or similar items in the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Wireless power transmission may be used to wirelessly transfer power from a power transmitter to a power receiver, without a wired connection between the transmitter and receiver. Specifically, the power transmitter may use inductive coupling to transfer power from a primary coil at the power transmitter to an adjacent secondary coil at the power receiver. In this way, the power transmitter can for example transfer power to charge the power receiver&#39;s battery. 
     To provide interoperability between devices, there is a variety of standards specifying wireless charging. One of those standards is the Wireless Power Consortium Qi wireless charging standard, System Description, Wireless Power Transfer, Volume I: Low Power, Part 1: Interface Definition, Version 1.1.2, June 2013, hereinafter the Qi standard. In the case of Qi standard compliant devices, Qi may define the process for power transfer to the power receiver. Specifically, the power transmitter may send a ping to detect the presence of an object, such as a power receiver, proximate to the power transmitter. The ping may be a beacon or a packet indicating that a response is required from the recipient. The ping may be a digital ping in accordance with the Qi standard. For example, the digital ping may comprise a power signal applied in order to detect and identify a power receiver. When a device is detected via the ping and a subsequent response from the power receiver, an identification and configuration phase takes place, during which the power receiver sends packets to the power transmitter. These packets may identify the power receiver and/or provide configuration and setup information to the power transmitter. Next, the power transfer phase begins. During power transfer, the power transmitter&#39;s primary coil may induce a power transfer to the power receiver&#39;s secondary coils (which is usually less than about 5 millimeters from the primary coil although greater distances may be realized as well). Moreover, the power receiver may send control/error packets requesting an increase or decrease in power from the power transmitter. When the power receiver sends an end power message to the power transmitter, the power transmitter may cease the power transfer. Although the Qi standard is described, this is merely an example of a wireless charging standard as other standards may be used as well. 
     The transmitter for wireless charging may be configured in accordance with a variety of different, incompatible wireless charging (WLC) protocols. These differences may make it challenging with respect to a configuration that provides a wireless charging surface area that can support different WLC protocols. To illustrate, a first standard may operate in the 6.78 MHz frequency range and using about as 3-6 rounds of wire, while a second standard may operate in the 100-00 kHz frequency range with about 20 rounds of wire in transmitter. In this example, a single, large WLC surface may be provided having different portions supporting different types of WLC protocols or different, separate WLC surfaces may be provided, each of which supporting different types of WLC protocols. However, a user may need to know where in the transmitter surface is (or at which surface), the device/receiver being charged should be placed. The user may not necessarily know this beforehand, and may not be even interested to know which systems or version he/she is using. 
     To illustrate further, a certain version of the Qi standard may have a WLC receiver that does not support multiple device charging on the receiver&#39;s charging surface but instead supports a single dedicated device, but other versions of Qi may support multiple receivers on the WLC charging surface. As such, a user may want to know whether charging allows multiple devices or a dedicated single area. 
     In some example embodiments, if a device is on a WLC charger surface area that is not compatible with supported WLC protocol of that transmitter/charger, the charger may provide an indication of which (if any) charger area is compatible with the device. For example, the indication may indicate whether the charging area is compatible with the WLC standard of the receiver and/or whether the device is placed in a compatible portion of the charging area (for example, in the case of a charging area having portions supporting different devices and/or WLC standards). 
       FIG. 1  depicts an example of an indication  199  presented on a user interface to indicate that a receiver  114  is placed in a portion of the WLC charging area  190  that is compatible with receiver  114 .  FIG. 2A  on the other hand shows an example of an indication  299  presented on a user interface to indicate that receiver  114  is placed on a portion of the charging area  190  that is not compatible with the receiver  114 . Moreover, an indication  295  may indicate a WLC compatible location where receiver  114  can be re-positioned on the charging surface  190 . Although  FIGS. 1 and 2  depict the indication as an indication on a user interface, any other type of indication (for example, a message, a visual indication, an audible indication, a haptic indication, and/or the like) may be used as well. 
     In some example embodiments, a wireless charger may monitor a WLC charging area in order to detect a potential receiver to be charged. To that end, the wireless charger (or transmitter) may send to a device (for example, a potential receiver) a signal, such as a ping signal according to a first wireless standard (and/or send a second signal, such as a second ping signal according to a second wireless standard and so forth). The WLC may also determine whether the device/potential receiver is compatible with the first wireless charging standard (and/or the second wireless charging standard if the second ping is sent). If the device/potential receiver is compatible, the potential receiver/device may respond in some manner (for example, the potential receiver may respond with a packet and enter an identification and configuration phase). Moreover, the receiver may respond with for example an indication  199  that the positioning is compatible as depicted at  FIG. 1 . 
     However, if the potential receiver/device is not compatible with the first WLC standard, the receiver may not respond with a desired response. If the transmitter does not detect a desired ping response, it may determine that the potential receiver/device is not compatible with the first WLC standard. Moreover, the potential receiver/device may response with a message, such as indicator  299 , that the potential receiver/device&#39;s charging mode/standard is not supported by the wireless charging area or indicate another area, such as area  295 . To illustrate further, a non-compatible receiver  114  may respond to a ping from a WLC transmitter with a certain load modulation (which may not be a valid response packet to the transmitter/WLC&#39;s ping packet), or the non-compatible receiver  114  may not respond at all. In this example, transmitter/WLC may detect incompatibility and thus indicate to device  114  (or an associated user) that another charging area  295  should be used for WLC. 
     In some example embodiments, a transmitter of the WLC may identify that a device/object has been located on the wireless charging area during for example an analog ping phase. For example, the WLC transmitter may detect a resonant shift by applying a short pulse to the transmitter&#39;s primary coil at a certain operating frequency and then measure any resulting primary coil current. The object, when placed on the wireless charging area where the WLC transmitter is located, may be detected based on a resonant frequency shift that causes a reduced primary cell current. Alternatively or additionally, the WLC transmitter may detect a capacitance change of the object or an electrostatic change when an object is close to the WLC transmitter charging surface. 
     If an object is found during the analog ping phase, the WLC transmitter may signal the WLC receiver, such as a device  114  being charged wirelessly. This signaling may be used to determine whether the WLC receiver is compatible with the wireless charging area where the receiver is located. For example, the signaling may comprise an identification phase protocol (for example, a digital ping phase) for a given portion of the charging surface area. Referring to  FIG. 2A , the signaling provided at the portion  297  where receiver  114  is located may identify whether receiver  114  has a compatible WLC protocol. In the example of  FIG. 2A , the portion  297  where receiver  114  is located does not have a compatible WLC protocol but the portion at  295  does have a WLC protocol that is compatible with receiver  114 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 2A , the WLC charging surface under receiver  114  may include one or more transmitters that can detect the WLC protocol standard at portion  295  or  297 . In some example embodiments, the transmitter(s) at the WLC charging surface under receiver  114  may determine the WLC protocol standard being used by receiver  114  by detecting the magnetic signature of receiver  114  (for example, distinguishing between of the current consumption or load envelop of receiver  114 ). 
       FIG. 2B  depicts the WLC charging surface  190  of  FIG. 2A , in accordance with some example embodiments. When a user equipment including a WLC receiver  114  is placed on WLC surface  190 , a WLC transmitter  205 B may detect whether WLC receiver  114  is compatible. To illustrate further, WLC transmitter  205 B may for example apply a power signal at a specified frequency (which may depend on a given WLC protocol). If the WLC receiver  114  does not respond by modulating the power signal within a certain time period, the WLC transmitter  205 B may determine that the receiver or object at the wireless charging area  190  is not compatible with that WLC standard. If the WLC receiver responds using a certain modulation or a packet not recognized by the WLC transmitter, this may indicate an incompatibility, such as operating frequencies of two standards that are relatively close to each other. A receiver may also respond by a packet indicating a preferred power transfer mode/parameters. 
     If the potential WLC receiver  114  (or object) on a certain portion of the WLC charging surface  190  is not compatible with the WLC standard supported by the WLC transmitter  205 B at area  297  of the WLC charger, the WLC identification protocol may fail. After the failure is detected, another wireless charging area  295  may indicate where another possibly compatible WLC transmitter  205 A is located. 
     In some example embodiments, WLC transmitter  205 B includes circuitry to detect a plurality of WLC protocol standards. For example, WLC transmitter  205 B may operate at one or more different frequencies, one or more different inductances, and/or one or more different signaling protocols between the transmitter and receiver in order to detect the WLC protocol of the WLC receiver  114 . Moreover, WLC transmitter  205 B may include information regarding whether other WLC are supported, such as WLC transmitter  205  and area  295  and the like. 
     If a WLC charging area is not able to recognize a given WLC receiver (for example, because the WLC receiver is of another type of WLC standard), the WLC transmitter may not able to differentiate between a non-compatible receiver and a foreign object. When this is the case, WLC transmitter may indicate  295  another WLC charging area regardless of whether the detected object is a non-compatible receiver or a generic object. To avoid problems with foreign objects, the transmitter may keep track of the objects detected by different charging areas. For example, if a first WLC transmitter area detects a non-compatible object (for example, a receiver of a third standard), the first WLC transmitter may indicate another WLC charging area. But if the second charging area detects a non-compatible object within a time period from the first detection, it would not indicate the first area again. Also, if an object detected by the first area is not moved during a time period, the transmitter may stop indicating the second charging area. 
     In some example embodiments, the charging surface may be configured detect a plurality of different types of WLC standards. When a device is placed on the charging surface that is not compatible with the device, a compatible area is indicated (see for example indication  295  at  FIG. 2A ) to a receiver, such as a user equipment and/or any other device. 
     In some example embodiments, the WLC transmitter may consider a standard or a version of a standard when indicating a charging area preferred for placing a WLC receiver. A WLC transmitter may include for example a first charging area that supports only one specific standard or standard version and a second charging area that supports multiple standards or standard versions. A WLC receiver supporting a particular standard or a standard version may be known to support also another standard or a standard version. For example, a WLC receiver supporting Wireless Power Consortium&#39;s Qi specification version 1.1 may be mandated to be compatible with Qi version 1.0 as well. A WLC transmitter may optimize the placement of a WLC receiver such that the WLC transmitter is able to support as many WLC receivers as possible. For example, if the WLC transmitter detects that a WLC receiver placed on the first charging area is compatible also with the second charging area, the WLC transmitter may indicate the second charging area to the user. If the user moves the WLC receiver to the second charging area, the first charging area, which supports multiple standards or standard types, is free for another WLC receiver and the likelihood of being able to support the another receiver is increased. This non-mandatory re-placement of the WLC receiver may be indicated with a different user indication, for example a different color or sound. 
     In some example embodiments, the user may be indicated to switch locations of WLC receivers. For example, if a first WLC receiver occupies the first charging area and an incompatible WLC receiver is placed on the second charging area. The WLC transmitter may determine whether the incompatible receiver would be compatible with one of the standards or standard types supported by the first charging area. If yes, the WLC transmitter may advise the user to switch the locations of the WLC receivers. 
     The WLC transmitter may receive information about the standard or standard version supported by the WLC receiver for example in a ping response message or a message during the identification and configuration phase. 
     Indication of the preferred charging area may be based on the color of a WLC receiver. This is beneficial for example, when another WLC receiver is placed on the WLC transmitter. WLC transmitter may receive information about a color of a WLC receiver for example in a ping response message or a message during the identification and configuration phase. If a first WLC receiver (currently placed on the first charging area) has a blue color, the WLC transmitter may indicate the preferred location for the first WLC with a blue color. 
     In some example embodiments, the WLC transmitter may send and/or receive identification information to/from a WLC receiver. The identification information sent to the WLC receiver may include information, for example an identification code, name, or an identification color, which the WLC transmitter uses to distinguish the WLC receiver from other WLC receivers. If it is desirable to advise the user to re-locate a WLC receiver, the WLC transmitter may indicate the preferred charging area by changing the color of the preferred charging are according to the identification color, or, otherwise associate the identification information to the preferred charging area. The WLC receiver may receive the identification information that the WLC transmitter uses for it and may indicate this to the user. For example, if the transmitter uses a blue color to identify a WLC receiver, the WLC receiver may receive information about this identification color and adjust its appearance accordingly, for example by displaying a blue color on the screen. 
       FIG. 3  depicts an example process  300  for generating an indication regarding WLC charging compatibility, in accordance with some example embodiments. 
     At  310 , an object may be detected on a WLC charging surface area, in accordance with some example embodiments. For example, a device, such as a user equipment including a WLC receiver  114 , may be placed on a wireless charging surface  190  as shown at  297  ( FIGS. 2A and 2B ). The WLC transmitter  205 B may detect whether an object is present by for example detecting a resonant change, an electrostatic change, and/or the like. 
     At  315 , the WLC transmitter may determine whether the detected object is compatible with the WLC charging surface area or with another WLC charging surface area operating using another WLC standard, in accordance with some example embodiments. For example, WLC transmitter  205 B may take an action, such as a digital ping, and determine whether the WLC receiver  114  responds. If the receiver responds in accordance with a WLC protocol standard supported by WLC receiver  114 , then WLC transmitter  205 B and WLC receiver  114  are compatible for charging. However, if the receiver responds in a way that is not in accordance with a WLC protocol standard supported by WLC transmitter  205 B (or fails to respond at all), and then WLC transmitter  205 B and WLC receiver  114  are not compatible for charging. In some example embodiments, the WLC transmitter  205 B may be able to detect a variety of WLC protocols, which may be used by WLC receiver  114  in order to direct the WLC receiver  114  to a compatible charging surface and WLC transmitter. 
     At  320 , an indication may be generated regarding the compatibility of the WLC charging area, in accordance with some example embodiments. For example, if the WLC receiver  114  and the WLC transmitter  205 B have compatible WLC charging protocols, WLC transmitter  205 B may cause a compatibility indication, such as message  199 , to be provided to a user equipment including WLC receiver  114 . On the other hand, if the WLC receiver  114  and the WLC transmitter  205 B do not have compatible WLC charging protocols, WLC transmitter  205 B may cause an incompatibility indication, such as message  299 , to be provided to a user equipment including WLC receiver  114 . Moreover, WLC transmitter  205 B may provide information regarding a compatible WLC charging location  295  to allow user equipment including WLC receiver  114  to find a charging area. 
       FIG. 4A  depicts a system  600  including a wireless power transmitter  405  and a wireless power receiver  114 , in accordance with some example embodiments. The WLC transmitter  405  may have an associated area (or charging surface) and may operate according to one or more standards. Moreover, as noted above, transmitter  405  may include circuitry to detect different types (or variable) of WLC standards at a receiver  114 , in accordance with some example embodiments. As such, when the power receiver is not compatible with the power transmitter, an indication, such as indication  299  regarding the incompatibility may be generated and/or an indication  295  of another charging area that is compatible with the charging surface may be generated as well. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4A , power transmitter  405  may include a DC-AC converter  605  to provide power to a primary coil  610 . This coil may induce power, during a charging phase, into secondary coil  620  of the power receiver  114 . The power transmitter  405  may also include a communications controller  615 A for controlling the operation of transmitter  405 . Communication controller  615 A may also provide the ping messages to be carried from the primary coil  610  to the secondary coil  620  and detect messages and the like sent from the secondary coil  620  to primary coil  610 . Moreover, communications controller  615 A may detect whether the receiver  114  is compatible and generate indications (for example  199 ,  295 , and  299 ). Power receiver  114  may also include a communication controller  615 B. Communication controller  615 B may also receive the ping messages carried from the primary coil  610  to the secondary coil  620  and/or control responses to the pings. 
       FIG. 4B  illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus  10 , in accordance with some example embodiments. Apparatus  10  may include a WLC receiver and/or a WLC transmitter. Moreover, apparatus  10  may be implemented as a user equipment, such as a smart phone, a source of audio (for example, a microphone and the like), a sink of audio (for example, a speaker), a microphone, a headset, a digital headset, a television, a tablet, and/or any other device. 
     The apparatus  10  may, in some example embodiments, include at least one antenna  12  in communication with a transmitter  14  and a receiver  16 . Alternatively transmit and receive antennas may be separate. 
     The apparatus  10  may, in some example embodiments, also include a processor  20  configured to provide signals to and receive signals from the transmitter and receiver, respectively, and to control the functioning of the apparatus. Processor  20  may be configured to control the functioning of the transmitter and receiver by effecting control signaling via electrical leads to the transmitter and receiver. Likewise, processor  20  may be configured to control other elements of apparatus  10  by effecting control signaling via electrical leads connecting processor  20  to the other elements, such as a display or a memory. The processor  20  may, for example, be embodied in a variety of ways including circuitry, at least one processing core, one or more microprocessors with accompanying digital signal processor(s), one or more processor(s) without an accompanying digital signal processor, one or more coprocessors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more controllers, processing circuitry, one or more computers, various other processing elements including integrated circuits (for example, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or the like), or some combination thereof. Accordingly, although illustrated in  FIG. 4B  as a single processor, in some example embodiments the processor  20  may comprise a plurality of processors or processing cores. 
     Signals sent and received by the processor  20  may include signaling information in accordance with an air interface standard of an applicable cellular system, and/or any number of different wireline or wireless networking techniques, comprising but not limited to Wi-Fi, wireless local access network (WLAN) techniques, such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, 802.16, and/or the like. In addition, these signals may include speech data, user generated data, user requested data, and/or the like. 
     The apparatus  10  may be capable of operating with one or more air interface standards, communication protocols, modulation types, access types, and/or the like. For example, the apparatus  10  and/or a cellular modem therein may be capable of operating in accordance with various first generation (1G) communication protocols, second generation (2G or 2.5G) communication protocols, third-generation (3G) communication protocols, fourth-generation (4G) communication protocols, Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) communication protocols (for example, session initiation protocol (SIP) and/or the like. For example, the apparatus  10  may be capable of operating in accordance with 2G wireless communication protocols IS-136, Time Division Multiple Access TDMA, Global System for Mobile communications, GSM, IS-95, Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA, and/or the like. In addition, for example, the apparatus  10  may be capable of operating in accordance with 2.5G wireless communication protocols General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), and/or the like. Further, for example, the apparatus  10  may be capable of operating in accordance with 3G wireless communication protocols, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), and/or the like. The apparatus  10  may be additionally capable of operating in accordance with 3.9G wireless communication protocols, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), and/or the like. Additionally, for example, the apparatus  10  may be capable of operating in accordance with 4G wireless communication protocols, such as LTE Advanced and/or the like as well as similar wireless communication protocols that may be subsequently developed. 
     It is understood that the processor  20  may include circuitry for implementing audio/video and logic functions of apparatus  10 . For example, the processor  20  may comprise a digital signal processor device, a microprocessor device, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, and/or the like. Control and signal processing functions of the apparatus  10  may be allocated between these devices according to their respective capabilities. The processor  20  may additionally comprise an internal voice coder (VC)  20   a , an internal data modem (DM)  20   b , and/or the like. Further, the processor  20  may include functionality to operate one or more software programs, which may be stored in memory. In general, processor  20  and stored software instructions may be configured to cause apparatus  10  to perform actions. For example, processor  20  may be capable of operating a connectivity program, such as a web browser. The connectivity program may allow the apparatus  10  to transmit and receive web content, such as location-based content, according to a protocol, such as wireless application protocol, WAP, hypertext transfer protocol, HTTP, and/or the like. 
     Apparatus  10  may also comprise a user interface including, for example, an earphone or speaker  24 , a ringer  22 , a microphone  26 , a display  28 , a user input interface, and/or the like, which may be operationally coupled to the processor  20 . The display  28  may, as noted above, include a touch sensitive display, where a user may touch and/or gesture to make selections, enter values, and/or the like. The processor  20  may also include user interface circuitry configured to control at least some functions of one or more elements of the user interface, such as the speaker  24 , the ringer  22 , the microphone  26 , the display  28 , and/or the like. The processor  20  and/or user interface circuitry comprising the processor  20  may be configured to control one or more functions of one or more elements of the user interface through computer program instructions, for example, software and/or firmware, stored on a memory accessible to the processor  20 , for example, volatile memory  40 , non-volatile memory  42 , and/or the like. The apparatus  10  may include a battery for powering various circuits related to the mobile terminal, for example, a circuit to provide mechanical vibration as a detectable output. The user input interface may comprise devices allowing the apparatus  20  to receive data, such as a keypad  30  (which can be a virtual keyboard presented on display  28  or an externally coupled keyboard) and/or other input devices. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4B , apparatus  10  may also include one or more mechanisms for sharing and/or obtaining data. For example, the apparatus  10  may include a short-range radio frequency (RF) transceiver and/or interrogator  64 , so data may be shared with and/or obtained from electronic devices in accordance with RF techniques. The apparatus  10  may include other short-range transceivers, such as an infrared (IR) transceiver  66 , a Bluetooth™ (BT) transceiver  68  operating using Bluetooth™ wireless technology, a wireless universal serial bus (USB) transceiver  70 , a Bluetooth™ Low Energy transceiver, a ZigBee transceiver, an ANT transceiver, a cellular device-to-device transceiver, a wireless local area link transceiver, and/or any other short-range radio technology. Apparatus  10  and, in particular, the short-range transceiver may be capable of transmitting data to and/or receiving data from electronic devices within the proximity of the apparatus, such as within 10 meters, for example. The apparatus  10  including the Wi-Fi or wireless local area networking modem may also be capable of transmitting and/or receiving data from electronic devices according to various wireless networking techniques, including 6LoWpan, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi low power, WLAN techniques such as IEEE 802.11 techniques, IEEE 802.15 techniques, IEEE 802.16 techniques, and/or the like. 
     The apparatus  10  may comprise memory, such as a subscriber identity module (SIM)  38 , a removable user identity module (R-UIM), a eUICC, an UICC, and/or the like, which may store information elements related to a mobile subscriber. In addition to the SIM, the apparatus  10  may include other removable and/or fixed memory. The apparatus  10  may include volatile memory  40  and/or non-volatile memory  42 . For example, volatile memory  40  may include Random Access Memory (RAM) including dynamic and/or static RAM, on-chip or off-chip cache memory, and/or the like. Non-volatile memory  42 , which may be embedded and/or removable, may include, for example, read-only memory, flash memory, magnetic storage devices, for example, hard disks, floppy disk drives, magnetic tape, optical disc drives and/or media, non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), and/or the like. Like volatile memory  40 , non-volatile memory  42  may include a cache area for temporary storage of data. At least part of the volatile and/or non-volatile memory may be embedded in processor  20 . The memories may store one or more software programs, instructions, pieces of information, data, and/or the like which may be used by the apparatus to perform one or more of the operations disclosed herein with respect to the host, accessory device, and/or extension device. The memories may comprise an identifier, such as an international mobile equipment identification (IMEI) code, capable of uniquely identifying apparatus  10 . The functions may include one or more of the operations disclosed with respect to host, accessory device, and/or extension device including one or more aspects of process  300 . The memories may comprise an identifier, such as an international mobile equipment identification (IMEI) code, capable of uniquely identifying apparatus  10 . In the example embodiment, the processor  20  may be configured using computer code stored at memory  40  and/or  42  to perform one or more of the operations disclosed herein including process  300 . 
     Some of the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in software, hardware, application logic, or a combination of software, hardware, and application logic. The software, application logic, and/or hardware may reside on memory  40 , the control apparatus  20 , or electronic components, for example. In some example embodiment, the application logic, software or an instruction set is maintained on any one of various conventional computer-readable media. In the context of this document, a “computer-readable medium” may be any non-transitory media that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer or data processor circuitry, with examples depicted at  FIG. 4B , computer-readable medium may comprise a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that may be any media that can contain or store the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer. 
     Without in any way limiting the scope, interpretation, or application of the claims appearing below, a technical effect of one or more of the example embodiments disclosed herein is detection of incompatible WLC transmitter/receiver pairs. 
     If desired, the different functions discussed herein may be performed in a different order and/or concurrently with each other. Furthermore, if desired, one or more of the above-described functions may be optional or may be combined. Although various aspects of some of the embodiments are set out in the independent claims, other aspects of some of the embodiments may comprise other combinations of features from the described embodiments and/or the dependent claims with the features of the independent claims, and not solely the combinations explicitly set out in the claims. It is also noted herein that while the above describes example embodiments, these descriptions should not be viewed in a limiting sense. Rather, there are several variations and modifications that may be made without departing from the scope of the some of the embodiments as defined in the appended claims. Other embodiments may be within the scope of the following claims. The term “based on” includes “based on at least.” The use of the phase “such as” means “such as for example” unless otherwise indicated.