Abstract:
The invention relates to a clutch for a hybrid drive train of a motor vehicle, including a first connecting component, which can be connected to an output shaft of an internal combustion engine in a rotationally fixed manner, and comprising a second connecting component, which can be connected to a shaft of a transmission and/or a rotor of an electric drive machine in a rotationally fixed manner, which connecting components are connected to each other in a torque-transmitting manner in a closed position of the clutch, whereas, in an open position of the clutch, the connecting components are arranged in such a way that the torque flow is interrupted, and having a clutch actuation system, which has a ramp mechanism and which switches the clutch between the open position and the closed position, wherein the ramp mechanism is operatively connected to the connecting components by a planetary gearing, wherein the first connecting component has two conducting segments connected in a rotationally fixed manner by a torque storage device, wherein the torque storage device is designed in such a way that the conducting segments are elastically preloaded in a direction of rotation in relation to each other at least in the closed position.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    The invention relates to a clutch (also called connecting clutch or E-clutch) for a hybrid drive train of a motor vehicle, such as a car, truck, bus, or an agricultural utility vehicle, comprising a first connection part, that can be connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to an output shaft/crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, such as a gasoline or diesel motor, and a second connection part, that can be connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to a shaft (transmission input shaft) of a transmission and/or a rotor (preferably in the form of a rotor shaft) of an electric drive engine, which connection parts in the closed state of the clutch are connected to each other in a torque-transmitting fashion, while in the open state of the clutch they are arranged in reference to each other such that they interrupt the flow of torque (i.e. arranged such that no torque is transmitted), and comprise a clutch actuating system, having a ramp mechanism and switching the clutch between the open and the closed position, with the ramp mechanism being effectively connected via a planetary gearing to the connection parts. 
         [0002]    The invention therefore relates to a hybrid clutch/clutch for a hybrid drive train, comprising a shaft which cooperates with an electric drive engine depending on the intended type of drive and which is driven thereby and is connected to an internal combustion engine either simultaneously or at a different point of time, and is driven thereby. 
         [0003]    A generic device of prior art is known from DE 10 2012 222 110 A1, comprising a clutch device with an actuating device for a drive train of a motor vehicle. In this context the drive train comprises an internal combustion engine and an electric machine with a stator and a rotor as well as a transmission device, with the clutch device being arranged in the drive train between the internal combustion engine on the one side and the electric machine and the transmission device on the other side. The clutch device and the actuating device are integrated in the rotor of the electric machine. 
         [0004]    With these embodiments known from prior art it has shown, however, that the individual connection parts as well as the ramp mechanism acting upon them can be stressed in reference to each other during the closing process of the clutch under certain circumstances such that the clutch can only be opened with a torque that exceeds the torque previously used to close the clutch. In these cases the clutch initially closes by the torque issued by the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and is stressed thereby. Based on the given elasticity in the system, particularly in the ramp system of the clutch actuating system and the friction linings of the clutch, the stressing force is relatively strong. If then the torque at the output is reduced again with the clutch being closed and/or even an inversion of the direction of torque/inversion of the direction of momentum is affected (e.g., in case of change from tension to pressure) the clutch remains in its stressed condition until the torque in the inverse direction exceeds the torque with which the clutch had been closed before. Thus, for opening such clutches of prior art usually relatively strong opening torque needs to be applied, disadvantageously influencing the effectiveness of the clutch system. 
         [0005]    x 
         [0006]    The objective of the present invention is therefore to correct these disadvantages known from prior art and to provide a clutch for a hybrid drive train, in which particularly the clutch actuation shall occur in an easier fashion, i.e. shall be implemented with improved effectiveness. 
         [0007]    This is attained according to the invention in that the first connection part comprises two guiding sections, connected in a rotationally fixed fashion via a torque storage device, with the torque storage device being embodied such that the guiding sections are spring-elastically pre-stressed in the closed state in reference to each other in one direction of rotation (of the first connection part). 
         [0008]    This causes that via the torque storage device a type of “torque sensor” is used, which acts as a cushion in the direction of torsion/direction of rotation between the connection to the internal combustion engine/the combustor and the section of the first internal connection part embodied frequently as an internal disk cage. This torque sensor temporarily stores the torque introduced when the clutch is closed and allows that the clutch in the closed state abstains from jamming. In particular during the process in which the play of the axial air gap is overcome between the parts of the clutch, the situation starts in which the clutch parts are jammed, for example a disk pack. In order to further close the clutch in this context, the compression force is generated such that the relative rotation of the guiding sections is still possible, though. This way any jamming of the individual clutch parts as well as the clutch actuation system is avoided during operation and the risk of any jamming is at least considerably reduced. 
         [0009]    Other advantageous embodiments are claimed in the dependent claims and explained in greater detail in the following. 
         [0010]    It is also advantageous for the torque storage device to comprise a mechanical spring unit. This way the torque storage device can be produced in a particularly simple fashion and more cost-effectively, namely using simple parts already produced in bulk. In this context it is additionally advantageous if the spring unit is elastically engaging in the (first) direction of rotation by a relative rotation when driving a first guiding section in reference to a second guiding section, which is spring-elastically pre-stressed in reference to the second guiding section and acts resiliently therein. 
         [0011]    It is furthermore advantageous for the mechanical spring unit to comprise several mechanical spring elements, which cooperate such that they elastically and successively extend and rebound in both directions over an angular range of rotation. In particular in case of a relative movement/rotation of the first guiding section in reference to the second guiding section in the first direction of rotation these mechanical spring elements cooperate mechanically such that they successively and elastically engage/elastically pre-stress in this direction of rotation over the angular range of rotation. This way a spring element is implemented, with its spring force characteristic in reference to the angle of rotation being embodied individually, depending on the design of the individual spring elements, and allowing to be adjusted individually to the features of the respective clutch design. 
         [0012]    When advantageously a first spring element is embodied as a pressure spring, preferably a coil spring or a bow spring, and/or a second spring element is embodied as a leaf spring or a leaf spring package, a spring unit is implemented allowing for its force to be adjusted with regards to the characteristic to the respective clutch in a particularly skillful fashion. 
         [0013]    Additionally it is beneficial for the torque storage device to be embodied such that, at least in a first range of angles of rotation, upon a relative rotation of the first guiding section in reference to the second guiding section it comprises in the (first) direction of rotation lower spring hardness than a resulting elastic lining of the clutch. This way it is avoided in a particularly effective fashion that the spring unit itself is unintentionally stressed. The resulting elastic lining of the clutch is here a comprehensive elasticity of the clutch combining the elasticities of the individual clutch parts, particularly the friction linings. 
         [0014]    Further preferred, a first/the first guiding section is embodied as a connecting flange component for the direct connection to an output shaft of the internal combustion engine or for the connection to a two-weight flywheel. This way the first guiding section can be arranged in a particularly skillful fashion. 
         [0015]    It is also beneficial when a second/the second guiding section is embodied as a first clutch part, at least comprising a first friction lining. Further preferred, this second guiding section is then embodied as a disk pack, comprising several friction disks, each showing at least one first friction lining. This way the output shaft can be connected to the clutch as directly as possible. 
         [0016]    Furthermore it is advantageous in this context when the second connection part is embodied as a second clutch part, comprising at least a second friction lining. This way the connection between the clutch and the shaft, for example the transmission input shaft, is embodied in a particularly direct fashion. 
         [0017]    In this context it is further advantageous when the clutch is embodied as a friction clutch/friction coupling, because in such friction clutches the torque storage device used shows a particularly high effectiveness. 
         [0018]    Furthermore, it is also advantageous for the clutch actuating system to be switchable via an eddy-current brake acting upon the planetary gearing. In particular when starting the internal combustion engine here a direct coupling to the internal combustion engine is implemented. 
         [0019]    It is further advantageous for the torque storage device to be embodied such that it determines a torque that can be transmitted, introduced by the internal combustion engine and/or the clutch/multiple-disk clutch. This way the clutch is embodied with even greater efficiency. 
         [0020]    In other words, here a clutch is claimed for a hybrid drive train, with the connecting clutch preferably being integrated in a rotor of an electric engine of the drive train or at least effectively connected thereto. The connecting clutch is embodied to couple and/or decouple an internal combustion engine/an internal combustion motor to/from the drive train, namely the shaft/transmission input shaft. In a clearly electromotive drive the connecting clutch is open/opened and is therefore in the open position so that the internal combustion engine is decoupled from the drive train. When a higher power is required or the electric energy storage is fading, the internal combustion engine is started by a partial closing of the connecting clutch, with here the connecting clutch switching into the driving operation. For this purpose preferably an electric brake in the form of an eddy-current brake is closed so that within the connecting clutch a difference in torque develops between a ramp ((second) ramp at the second ramp ring) at the disk side of the ramp device and a ramp at the annulus side ((first) ramp at the first ramp ring) of the ramp device, by which a planetary gearing (increase of input force) of the ramp system is rotated, causing the (dry) multiple-disk clutch of the connecting clutch to be partially engaged. Here the internal combustion engine is started by the electric motor. When the internal combustion engine finally rotates faster than the electric motor (traction mode), preferably a freewheel closes, causing the connecting clutch to engage completely. When the freewheel closes in traction mode, the internal combustion engine transfers a portion of its torque via an additional sun gear of the planetary gearing, connected to the freewheel, as well as the planets and the annulus to the ramp at the annulus side such that the connecting clutch is completely engaged and then the entire torque of the internal combustion engine is transmitted in the traction mode. Furthermore, the planetary drive is embodied as a two-stage planetary gearing, which is supported in the middle at the brace side, with here the large gears of the planets combing the sun of the electric brake at one side of the bearing, and the small gears of the planets comb the annulus (and the additional sun gear connected to the freewheel) at the other side of the bearing, which is connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to the annulus and/or the ramp ring (first ramp ring) at the side of the brace. The focal point of each planet is located inside the bearing of the planet at the side of the brace, respective overturning is compensated under load and/or supported by the sun on one side of the bearing at the side of the brace and the additional sun gear connected to the freewheel at the other side of the bearing at the side of the brace. According to the invention a torque sensor is provided, which is embodied to determine torque that can be introduced from the internal combustion engine and/or transmitted by the multiple-disk clutch. As soon as the internal combustion engine rotates faster than the electric machine and/or the transmission input shaft the multiple-disk clutch closes automatically (and energy-free, i.e. without the eddy-current brake being electrified) via the freewheel. This freewheel uses a portion of the torque to be transmitted and also actuates the ball-ramp system via the planetary gearing, causing the multiple-disk clutch to be closed. The brake moment that can be generated by the eddy-current brake is variable, preferably depending on the torque determined by the torque sensor. This way a relative rotation is possible between the connecting control element, such as a freewheel, and the main clutch. When using a freewheel device/a freewheel between a drive wheel of the planetary gear and the first guide section, the torque sensor acts then preferably between the connection to the combustor (the internal combustion engine) and thus also between the freewheel and the internal disk pack. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0021]    The invention is now explained in greater detail based on the figures, in which the figures show different embodiments. 
           [0022]    Shown are: 
           [0023]      FIG. 1  a longitudinal section through a clutch according to the invention based on a first embodiment, with the sectional level extending along the axis of rotation of the clutch and, among other things, a pressure spring of the torque storage device being clearly discernible, 
           [0024]      FIG. 2  an angle of rotation—torque diagram concerning the clutch of the first embodiment, in which an angle of rotation—torque progression of the torque storage device is shown in reference to an elastic lining, 
           [0025]      FIG. 3  a longitudinal section of the clutch according to the invention based on a second embodiment, which clutch is sectioned along the axis of rotation of the clutch, with however the planetary gearing being designed slightly differently and the two planetary gear sets not being axially offset as in the first embodiment, but here arranged radially outside the inserted eddy-current brake, 
           [0026]      FIG. 4  a longitudinal section of the clutch according to the invention based on a third embodiment, which in turn is sectioned along the axis of rotation of the clutch, with here however the first guiding section not being connected via the torque storage device to the second guiding section like before radially inside the friction linings, but this connection site now being arranged radially outside, and 
           [0027]      FIG. 5  once more a longitudinal section is shown of the clutch of the third embodiment, in which the clutch is shown in an assembled state, with the first guiding section being connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to a two-weight flywheel and this flywheel in turn being connected to an output shaft of the internal combustion engine and where it being discernible how the eddy-current brake is arranged at a rear wall of the transmission. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0028]    The figures only show a schematic illustration and serve exclusively to understand the invention. Identical elements are marked with the same reference characters. The different features of the various embodiments can be freely combined with each other. 
         [0029]      FIG. 1  initially shows a first exemplary embodiment of a clutch  1  according to the invention in a particularly clear fashion. The clutch  1  is in this embodiment again a clutch  1  of a hybrid drive train of a motor vehicle. Furthermore, the clutch  1  is embodied as a friction clutch, namely a dry-running friction clutch, which is embodied by design in the form of a multiple-disk clutch. The clutch  1  comprises first a connection part  2 , connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to an output shaft  15 , which is discernible from the following discussion of  FIG. 5  that can be connected to an internal combustion engine and in the operating state of the clutch  1  this engine can also be connected to this output shaft  15 . In addition to this first connection part  2 , which is embodied in several parts as explained in greater detail in the following, the clutch  1  comprises a second connection part  4  that can be connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to a shaft  3 , namely a transmission input shaft of a transmission, and in the operating state is actually connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to this shaft  3 . In the operating state the shaft  3  furthermore also cooperates with a rotor of an electric drive machine, namely connected thereto in a rotationally fixed fashion, for reasons of clarity not shown here in greater detail, which electric machine is also called electric motor. The shaft  3  is therefore also called rotor shaft. 
         [0030]    In a closed position the two connection parts  2  and  4  are connected to each other in a torque-transmitting fashion, while in an open position of the clutch  1  they are arranged interrupting the flow of torque, and thus no torque is transmitted between them. In order to actuate the clutch  1 , namely for engaging or disengaging the clutch  1  into the opened or closed position, the clutch  1  comprises further a clutch actuating system  6 , which comprises/includes a ramp mechanism  5 . The ramp mechanism  5  in turn engages or disengages the clutch  1 , depending on its setting, and this way brings it into a closed position or an opened position. The clutch actuating system  6  is effectively connected via a planetary gearing  7  to the two connection parts  2  and  4 , with depending on the rotary state of the first or second connection parts  2  and  4  in reference to each other the ramp mechanism  5  is moved via the planetary gearing  7  into the opened or closed position. 
         [0031]    The clutch  1  of the type according to the invention is here essentially embodied and functions like the clutch device known from DE 10 2012 222 110 A1. 
         [0032]    The planetary gearing  7  is embodied in two stages, and comprises two planetary wheel sets  20  and  21 . As particularly clearly discernible from  FIG. 1 , the second connection part  4  is shaped essentially like a cup and connected at its radial interior to the shaft  3  in a rotationally fixed fashion. Radially outside this connection site to the shaft  3  the second connection part  4  essentially extends disk-shaped further outwardly in the radial direction. The two planetary wheel sets  20  and  21  are received at this disk-shaped section  22 . The first planetary wheel set  20  comprises here several first planetary wheels  23 , arranged along the perimeter of the second connection part  4 , which are supported in reference to the second connection part  4  in an articulate/rotational fashion at the disk-shaped section  22 . 
         [0033]    Each first planetary wheel  23  of the first planetary wheel set  20  is connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to a second planetary wheel  24  of a second planetary wheel set  21 . In this embodiment it is even embodied such that these two planetary wheels  23  and  24  are integral with each other. The second planetary wheels  24  are arranged distributed over the perimeter and connected according to  FIG. 1  respectively always to a second planetary wheel  24  in a rotationally fixed fashion, namely integrally. The two (first and second) planetary wheels  23  and  24  are respectively connected to each other coaxially, supported rotationally about a common axial section. While the first planetary wheel  23  is arranged on a first axial side of the disk-shaped section  22 , in the operating state facing away from the internal combustion engine, the second planetary wheel  24  is arranged on a second axial side of the disk-shaped section  22 , which second axial side in turn facing the first planetary wheel  23  in the axial direction. Due to the fact that both the first as well as the second planetary wheel  23  and  24  are supported rotationally in reference to the second connection part  4  this second connection part  4  is also called planetary carrier. 
         [0034]    The first planetary wheel  23 , comprising a larger circular gear diameter than the second planetary wheel  24 , further engages a gear cooperating with the eddy-current brake  19 , said gear hereinafter being called the first sun gear  25  of the planetary gearing  7 . The first sun gear  25  is here embodied such that it cooperates with a magnetic eddy current field generated by the eddy current brake  19 , and can be braked thereby. 
         [0035]    A second sun gear  26  of the planetary gearing  7  engages each second planetary wheel  24 . This second sun gear  26  is connected/cooperating via a freewheel/a freewheel device  27  to the first connection part  2 . In particular, the freewheel device  27  cooperates with a first guiding section  9  (also called connection flange part  13 ) of the first connection part  2  such that it acts in a blocking fashion during a movement/relative rotation of the first connection part  2  in reference to the second connection part  4  in a first direction of rotation so that the first connection part  2  and/or its first guiding section  9  is connected to the second sun gear  25  in a rotationally fixed fashion. This first direction of rotation shall be understood as a relative direction of rotation, which causes that the first connection part  2 , namely the first guiding section  9 , rotates faster in this first direction of rotation about the axis of rotation  42  than the second connection part  4 . In an opened position/setting of the freewheel device  27 , namely during movement/relative rotation of the first guiding section  9  in a second direction of rotation, opposite the first direction of rotation, with the speed of rotation of the second connection part  4  being faster than the one of the first connection part  2 , the two components of the second sun gear  26  and the first guiding section  9  are not connected to each other in a rotationally fixed fashion but rotate freely in reference to each other, i.e. without transmitting any torque. 
         [0036]    In addition to the second sun gear  26 , the second planetary wheel  24  also engages a first ramp ring  28  embodied as an annulus. The first ramp ring  28  comprises at its radial interior circumference a gearing engaged by the gears of the second planetary wheel  24 . The first ramp ring  28  of the ramp mechanism  5  cooperates via a ball drive  29  to a second ramp ring  30  of the ramp mechanism  5 . The ball drive  29  is arranged and embodied such that during a rotation of the first ramp ring  28  the second ramp ring  30  is displaced in the axial direction. Along a ramp arranged at a first and/or second ramp ring  28 ,  30 , which in a circumferential direction widens or tapers in its axial direction, here balls of the ball drive  29  roll during a relative rotation between the first and the second ramp ring  28 ,  30 , causing the axial position of the second ramp ring  30  to be changed. The second ramp ring  30  cooperates in turn via a face with the friction linings  16 ,  18  of the clutch  1 , and compresses them in a closed position of the clutch  1  in a friction-fitting fashion or is arranged in the opened position of the clutch  1  such that no torque is transmitted between the friction linings  16 ,  18 , and the friction linings  16 ,  18  are therefore without any friction-fitting contact. 
         [0037]    First friction linings  16  are here embodied by several friction disks  31 . The friction disks  31  are connected via a second guiding section  10  of the first connection part  2  in a rotationally fixed fashion, however arranged displaceable in reference thereto in the axial direction. The friction disks  31  comprise a first friction lining  16  towards each axial side. The second guiding section  10  and thus also the first connection part  2  form therefore a kind of first clutch part  17 . 
         [0038]    The first clutch part  17  can be connected to the second clutch part  32  in a friction-fitting fashion. The second clutch part  32  is embodied in the form of the above-described second connection part  4 . For this purpose, several pressure plates  34  are arranged and extending in the axial direction at a holding sections  33  of the second connection part  4  outside the disk-shaped section  22  seen in the radial direction. One of these pressure plates  34 , namely the (first) pressure plate  34  in the axial direction most distanced from the second ramp ring  30 , is here fixed, i.e. connected fixed in the axial direction to the holding section  33 . A (second and third) pressure plate  34  each is arranged between respectively two adjacent friction disks  31 . The friction disks  34  are in turn displaceable in the axial direction in reference to the friction disks  31 . Each pressure plate  34  in turn forms a (second) friction lining  18  at its side cooperating with a first friction lining  16 . First and second friction linings  16 ,  18  are then in turn connected to each other in a friction-fitting fashion in the closed state of the clutch  1 . 
         [0039]    In this embodiment the ramp mechanism  5 , the planetary gearing  7 , the freewheel  27 , and the first connection part  2  cooperate such that upon rotation of the first guiding section  9  in reference to the second connection part  4  in the first direction of rotation of the ramp mechanism  5  the clutch  1  is moved into the closed state. This means that upon a rotation of the first connection part  2  faster than the second connection part  4  initially the freewheel  27  blocks and then the first guiding section  9  drives the second sun gear  26  in a rotating fashion. This second sun gear  26  in turn drives the second planetary wheel  24  and this one then in turn the first ramp ring  28  embodied as an annulus, which then also rotates with a speed depending on the transmission stages. The ramps of the first ramp rings  28  and  30  are adjusted to each other such that upon rotation of the first guiding section  9  in the first direction of rotation of the first ramp ring  28  an axial displacement of the second ramp ring  30  is caused with its face pointing in the direction of the friction disks  31  as well as the pressure plates  34 . With an increasing torque the second ramp ring  30  causes an increasingly narrower and stronger compression/pushing together of the friction disks  31  and the pressure plates  34 , so that they connect each other in a rotationally fixed fashion in the closed state of the clutch  1 . In the closed state of the clutch  1  achieved in this fashion the first and the second connection parts  2 ,  4  are also connected to each other in a rotationally fixed fashion. This closed state is here converted to a status of the hybrid drive train, in which it is desired that the internal combustion engine transmits torque to the shaft  3 . 
         [0040]    According to the invention it is now implemented that the first connection part  2  is embodied in several parts such that a torque storage device  8  is arranged between the first guiding section  9  and the second guiding section  10 , which connects the two guiding sections  9  and  10  to each other in a motion-coupled way, namely rotationally fixed, however simultaneously allows a relative movement between these guiding sections  9 ,  10 . The torque storage device  8  is embodied such that the first guiding section  9  in the closed state of the clutch  1  is pre-stressed spring-elastically in the first direction of rotation/relative direction of rotation of the first connection part  2  in reference to the second guiding section  10 . Any rotation of the first connection part  2  therefore leads to a rotation of the first guiding section  9  in the same direction and thus, due to the spring-elastic pre-stressing, to a relative rotation of the first guiding section  9  in reference to the second guiding section  10 . When driving the first guiding section  9  in reference to the second connection part  4 , this causes again a rotation of the first connection part  2  in its first relative direction of rotation. This way, a softness is introduced to the system, which avoids that the ramp mechanism  5  and/or the friction disks  31  and/or the pressure plates  34  jam during operation, namely in the closed state. 
         [0041]    It is further discernible that the torque storage device  8  shows a mechanical spring unit  11 , which is embodied such that during a rotation of the first guiding section  9  in reference to the second guiding section  10  it elastically engages in the first relative direction of rotation, and thus it is pre-stressed elastically. The mechanical spring unit  11  comprises several mechanical spring elements, with here particularly a first spring element  12  being shown. The spring elements of the spring unit  11  cooperate here such that they successively engage elastically over an angle of rotation, seen in the first relative direction of rotation. When consequently the clutch  1  is brought into the closed state, initially the first spring element  12  engages elastically, as particularly clearly discernible in connection with  FIG. 2 , then a second spring element, and following thereto in turn a third spring element. 
         [0042]    The first spring element  12  is here embodied as a pressure spring in the form of a coil spring. The second and the third spring element are here again embodied as leaf springs. They may even be part of a common package of leaf springs or respectively embodied by a separate package of leaf springs. 
         [0043]    As particularly clearly discernible in connection with  FIG. 2 , the angle of rotation is marked in this diagram on the abscissa and the torque generated by the internal combustion engine and thus applied to the first guiding section  9  is marked on the ordinate. The flatter progressing curve of the two progressions of the torque of the angular rotation shown here indicates the progression of torque of the angular rotation of the spring unit  11  (hereinafter called progression of the spring unit  39 ). The slightly steeper progressing/faster increasing progression illustrates here the elasticity of the lining given in the clutch (progression of elasticity of the lining  38 ). The elasticity of the lining results here essentially from the elastic deformation within the individual clutch parts increasing with the rising compression force of the first ramp ring  28  and/or the second ramp ring  30 . In particular, the individual friction linings  16  and  18  of the friction disks  31  and the pressure plates  34  show here a certain degree of elasticity in the axial direction, the entirety thereof being illustrated by this dot-dash line. 
         [0044]    Furthermore,  FIG. 2  shows in a particularly clear fashion that the spring unit  11  is embodied such that during a rotation of the first guiding section  9  in reference to the second guiding section  10  in the first relative direction of rotation the first spring element  12  is compressed over a first range of an angle of rotation  35 . This first spring element  12  is here with regards to its spring hardness embodied lower than the elasticity of the lining so that the progression of the spring unit  39  extends flatter than the progression of the elasticity of the lining  38 . After a complete compression of this first spring element  12  finally, during further rotation of the first guiding section  9  in reference to the second guiding section  10  in the first direction of rotation, a second spring element is compressed in a second range of the angle of rotation  36  following the first range of the angle of rotation  35 . Here, the spring hardness of this second spring element embodied as a leaf spring is in turn weaker than the elasticity of the lining. After an elastic compression/deformation of this second spring element and upon another rotation of the first guiding section  9  in reference to the second guiding section  10  in the first relative direction of rotation then a third spring element engages, which in turn is embodied as a leaf spring. This third spring element, which is elastically deformed in a third angular range of rotation  37  following the second range of angular rotation  26  is here always flatter, i.e. is embodied with weaker elasticity than the elasticity of the lining. However the three spring elements are adjusted to each other such that the first spring element  12  in turn hss a lower spring hardness than the second spring element and the second spring element shows a lower spring hardness than the third spring element. 
         [0045]    At least the first spring element  12  is stressed between the first and the second guiding section  9 ,  10 , with the first spring element  12  being received at the first guiding section  9  at radially projecting holding protrusions  40  and is supported there. 
         [0046]      FIG. 3  then shows another embodiment of the clutch  1  according to the invention. This second embodiment is essentially acting and functioning and designed like the first embodiment, so that in the following only the differences in reference to the first embodiment are listed. As initially discernible with regards to the first connection part  2  the first guiding section  9  is embodied in a slightly different way. This first guiding section  9  is here embodied in several parts, with a sheath-like basic section showing a flange-like step connected to the two holding projections  40  accepting the spring unit  11 . The two holding projections  40  for holding the spring elements, particularly the first spring element  12 , are no longer connected integrally to the first guiding section  9 , like in the first exemplary embodiment, but are comprised as separate parts at the base section, preferably assembled in a material-to-material or force-fitting fashion. 
         [0047]    Furthermore, the planetary gearing  7  is designed slightly differently. The second planetary wheel  24  is now provided further offset towards the outside, and no longer arranged at the disk-shaped section  22 , but at the base section  41  of the overall essentially cup-shaped second connection part  4 , arranged offset in the axial direction in reference to this disk-shaped section  22 . The second sun gear  26  extends now consequently no longer from the freewheel  27  in the radial direction inwardly, where it then combs the second planetary gear  24 , but from the freewheel  27  outwardly in the radial direction. 
         [0048]    Additionally, the connection from the second connection part  4  to the groove  3  is particularly clearly discernible in the form of a serration. The axis of rotation  42  of the clutch  1  is here also shown clearly in a dot-dash line. 
         [0049]    A third advantageous embodiment is then shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , with this embodiment also being designed similar to the first embodiment, and thus in the following only the differences being discussed. As again discernible in this context the first connection part  2  is designed slightly differently. This first connection part  2  comprises now a first guiding section  9 , essentially embodied in a cup-shaped fashion, which extends in the radial direction from the freewheel  27  towards the outside, with the first guiding section  9  surrounding both the ramp mechanism  5  as well as the second connection part  4  radially from the outside. The second guiding section  10  is here essentially embodied as an annular holding element, however in turn via the torque storage device  8  connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to the first guiding section  9 . 
         [0050]    As then particularly clearly discernible in  FIG. 5 , this first guiding section  9  is connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to a driven wheel of the two-weight flywheel  14 , which two-weight flywheel  14  comprises, in addition to this driven wheel, a drive wheel, which in turn is connected in a rotationally fixed fashion to the output shaft  15  of the internal combustion engine. Additionally, the eddy current brake  19  is connected to a rear wall of the transmission  43 . In this third embodiment the planetary gearing  7  is also embodied differently than the one of the first embodiment, with particularly the first ramp ring  28  directly combing the first planetary wheel  23  of the first planetary wheel set  20 , with the second planetary wheel  24  of the second planetary wheel set  21  only combing the second sun gear  26 . 
         [0051]    In other words, a connecting clutch/pilot clutch (clutch  1 ) is formed here, which is embodied particularly for a hybrid drive train and comprises an eddy-current brake  19  as well as a torque sensor (torque storage device  8 ). Both the friction disks  31  as well as the freewheel  18 , acting as a pilot control element, are connected to the internal combustion motor/the internal combustion engine. As long as the E-machine rotates faster than the internal combustion engine the freewheel  27  is taken over (no transmission of torque). Once the speed of the internal combustion engine exceeds the one of the E-machine the freewheel  27  engages and a certain torque is transmitted. Here, this so-called pilot control torque is transmitted via the planetary stage ( 20 ,  21 ) and, due to the difference in the speed between the combustor and the E-machine, the freely rotational lower ramp (first ramp ring  28 ) is distorted. At this point of time, the primary clutch  1  is still open and no torque is transmitted by it. As soon as the upper, axially displaceable ramp (second ramp ring  30 ) has overcome the air gap play, it begins to clamp the disk pack  31 . In order to further close the clutch  1 , here a relative motion is implemented between the pilot control element and the main clutch via the torque sensor  8 . 
         [0052]    When designing the torque sensor  8  it must be observed that the characteristic of the torque sensor  8  is always flatter than the one of the lining. The first section of the characteristic of the torque sensor is implemented by pressure springs. Subsequently the torque is supported via leaf spring elements and a two-stage design is yielded by changed contacts. In order to transfer thrust (when starting the combustion engine or in an active motor brake) the coil of an eddy-current brake  19  is electrified such that a magnetic field develops. This field penetrates the disk (rotating with the E-machine and/or the transmission speed) and here induces eddy currents, forming a brake torque. This is increased via a planetary stage and transferred by the freely rotating ramp of a ball ramp system, in which the torque is converted into an axial compression. The rotor supporting the planets as well as the ball ramp system is connected to the E-machine and includes the inner cage including the steel disks. With the help of the compression the disk pack is clamped and this way the main clutch is closed for transmitting torque. The axially displaceable ramp is here connected via leaf springs to the rotor, which generate a return force and reset the ball ramp system  6  into its zero position when a pilot control torque is missing. The torque sensor  8  is installed between the outer cage  10  receiving the friction disks  31 , preventing the ramp mechanism  5  from jamming. As soon as the burner rotates faster than the E-machine and/or the transmission input shaft the clutch  1  automatically (and without energy) closes via the freewheel  27 . This uses a portion of the torque to be transmitted and also actuates via the planetary gear set/planetary set the ball ramp system  6 , causing the main clutch to be closed. An actuation of the eddy-current brake  19  is therefore required only briefly for starting the burner or for using the combustor as a motor brake. The torque that can be transmitted here can be adjusted via the current flowing through the coil. 
       LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS 
       [0000]    
       
           1  clutch 
           2  first connection part 
           3  shaft 
           4  second connection part 
           5  ramp mechanism 
           6  clutch actuating system 
           7  planetary gearing 
           8  torque storage device 
           9  first guiding section 
           10  second guiding section 
           11  spring unit 
           12  spring element 
           13  connecting flange part 
           14  two-weight flywheel 
           15  output shaft 
           16  first friction lining 
           17  first clutch part 
           18  second friction lining 
           19  eddy-current brake 
           20  first planetary wheel set 
           21  second planetary wheel set 
           22  disk-shaped section 
           23  first planetary wheel 
           24  second planetary wheel 
           25  first sun gear 
           26  second sun gear 
           27  freewheel device 
           28  first ramp ring 
           29  ball drive 
           30  second ramp ring 
           31  friction disk 
           32  second clutch part 
           33  holding section 
           34  pressure plate 
           35  first range of angle of rotation 
           36  second range of angle of rotation 
           37  third range of angle of rotation 
           38  progression of elasticity of the lining 
           39  progression of spring unit 
           40  holding projection 
           41  base section 
           42  axis of rotation 
           43  rear wall of transmission