Abstract:
An amplifying circuit comprises: a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor and a fourth transistor provided to an input stage; and a first bias circuit. The input signal is input into a control terminal of the first transistor and a control terminal of the second transistor, a first terminal of the first transistor is connected to a first terminal of the third transistor, a first terminal of the second transistor is connected to a first terminal of the fourth transistor, a second terminal of the first transistor is connected to a first potential, a second terminal of the second transistor is connected to a second potential that is equal to or different from the first potential, a second terminal of the third transistor is connected to a third potential, a second terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to a fourth potential, the first bias circuit is connected between a control terminal of the third transistor and a control terminal of the fourth transistor.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The present invention relates to an amplifying circuit and a current-voltage conversion circuit. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0004]    In general current feedback amplifiers, a PNP transistor and an NPN transistor are provided to an input stage, and an input signal is supplied to a base of the PNP transistor and a base of the NPN transistor. A collector of the PNP transistor is connected to a negative power source, and a collector of the NPN transistor is connected to a positive power source. An emitter of the PNP transistor is connected to the positive power source via a first bias circuit (first constant current circuit), and an emitter of the NPN transistor is connected to the negative power source via a second bias circuit (second constant current circuit). Thus, in general current feedback amplifiers, since a plurality of bias circuits composed of constant current circuits should be provided, a number of parts increases, and a circuit configuration becomes complicated. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    It is an object of the present invention to provide an amplifying circuit that can be simplified. 
         [0006]    An amplifying circuit according to the present invention amplifies an input signal input from an input terminal and outputting the signal from an output terminal. The circuit comprises: a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor and a fourth transistor provided to an input stage; and a first bias circuit. The input signal is input into a control terminal of the first transistor and a control terminal of the second transistor, a first terminal of the first transistor is connected to a first terminal of the third transistor, a first terminal of the second transistor is connected to a first terminal of the fourth transistor, a second terminal of the first transistor is connected to a first potential, a second terminal of the second transistor is connected to a second potential that is equal to or different from the first potential, a second terminal of the third transistor is connected to a third potential, a second terminal of the fourth transistor is connected to a fourth potential, the first bias circuit is connected between a control terminal of the third transistor and a control terminal of the fourth transistor. 
         [0007]    In this case, since the first bias circuit is connected between the control terminal of the third transistor and the control terminal of the fourth transistor, a voltage between the control terminals of the third transistor and the fourth transistor can be fixed by the first bias circuit. Therefore, a plurality of bias circuits does not have to be used as a power standard. That is to say, since only the one first bias circuit may be used, a circuit configuration can be simplified. Since only the one first bias circuit is used, a stability of the voltage between the control terminals can be made to be higher than a case using a plurality of bias circuits. 
         [0008]    The first bias circuit is provided between the third transistor and the fourth transistor, so that the first bias circuit can compensate changed temperatures of the first transistor, the second transistor, the third transistor and the fourth transistor. As a result, temperature stability in the amplifying circuit according to the present invention can be improved. When a signal that suddenly changes is input into an input and transient response characteristics of the third transistor and the fourth transistor are not satisfactory, the signal is not transmitted. When a bias circuit is a constant current circuit, drive currents of the third transistor and the fourth transistor are limited by the constant current circuit. However, when the bias circuit is a constant voltage circuit, the drive currents are not limited, and thus the third transistor and the fourth transistor can be driven. 
         [0009]    Preferably the amplifying circuit further comprises: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor. The first resistor is connected between the first terminal of the first transistor and the first terminal of the third transistor, the second resistor is connected between the first terminal of the second transistor and the first terminal of the fourth transistor, the third resistor is connected to the second terminal of the third transistor, the fourth resistor is connected to the second terminal of the fourth transistor. 
         [0010]    In this case, an amplifying amount of the input stage can be determined based on a ratio of the first resistor and the third resistor, and a ratio of the second resistor and the fourth resistor. Linearity of the amplification can be improved by the ratio of the first resistor and the third resistor, and the ratio of the second resistor and the fourth resistor. 
         [0011]    Preferably, the amplifying circuit further comprises: a fifth transistor, a sixth transistor, a seventh transistor and an eighth transistor. A control terminal of the fifth transistor is connected to the second terminal of the third transistor, a control terminal of the sixth transistor is connected to a first terminal of the fifth transistor, a control terminal of the seventh transistor is connected to the second terminal of the fourth transistor, a control terminal of the eighth transistor is connected to a first terminal of the seventh transistor, a first terminal of the fifth transistor and a first terminal of the sixth transistor are connected to the third potential, a first terminal of the seventh transistor and a first terminal of the eighth transistor are connected to the fourth potential, a second terminal of the fifth transistor is connected to a fifth potential or a second terminal of the sixth transistor, a second terminal of the seventh transistor is connected to a sixth potential or a second terminal of the eighth transistor, the second terminal of the sixth transistor and the second terminal of the eighth transistor are connected to the output terminal of the amplifying circuit. 
         [0012]    In this case, since Darlington connection is made between the fifth transistor and the sixth transistor and between the seventh transistor and the eighth transistor, an amplification factor of the electric current in the circuit can be heightened. 
         [0013]    Further, drive of a capacitor load to be connected to an output terminal OUT depends on a current value of the output. For this reason, an output signal can be instantaneously obtained despite a low electric current at stationary time in the sixth transistor, thereby achieving a satisfactory slew rate. 
         [0014]    Preferably, the amplifying circuit further comprises: a negative feedback resistor. A negative feedback signal from the output terminal is supplied to the control terminal of the first transistor and the control terminal of the second transistor via the negative feedback resistor. 
         [0015]    In this case, the amplifying circuit of the inverting circuit can be formed, and a noise and a distortion can be reduced by a negative feedback resistor. Since the negative feedback resistor also has a function of an output resistor, the circuit can be simplified. 
         [0016]    Preferably, the amplifying circuit further comprises: a ninth transistor, a tenth transistor, an eleventh transistor, a twelfth transistor, a second bias circuit and a third bias circuit. A control terminal of the ninth transistor is connected to the second terminal of the third transistor, a first terminal of the ninth transistor is connected to a first terminal of the tenth transistor, a second terminal of the ninth transistor is connected to the third potential, a control terminal of the eleventh transistor is connected to the second terminal of the fourth transistor, a first terminal of the eleventh transistor is connected to a first terminal of the twelfth transistor, a second terminal of the eleventh transistor is connected to the fourth potential, a second terminal of the tenth transistor and a second terminal of the twelfth transistor are connected to the output terminal, the second bias circuit is connected between the third potential and a control terminal of the tenth transistor, the third bias circuit is connected between the fourth potential and a control terminal of the twelfth transistor. 
         [0017]    In this case, since the second bias circuit and the third bias circuit are provided to the output stage, a bias current at the output stage can be independently designed. As a result, a degree of freedom in the circuit can be heightened. 
         [0018]    Preferably, a negative feedback signal from the output terminal is supplied to a reference point of the first bias circuit. 
         [0019]    When the amplifying circuit is a non-inverting circuit, the negative feedback signal is connected to a reference point of the first bias circuit. As a result, the reference point of the first bias circuit in the non-inverting circuit is adjusted so that the standard of the first bias circuit is changed, and the output can be stabilized. 
         [0020]    Preferably, the amplifying circuit further comprising: a short-circuit protection circuit, the short-circuit protection circuit includes a thirteenth transistor connected between the control terminal of the third transistor and the control terminal of the fourth transistor, the thirteenth transistor is controlled from an off state into an on state according to an external signal so that the control terminal of the third transistor and the control terminal of the fourth transistor are short-circuited. 
         [0021]    In this case, the thirteenth transistor can be controlled to be changed from an off state into an on state according to the external signal, so that the control terminals of the third transistor and the fourth transistor are short-circuited. For this reason, the first bias circuit is stopped. For example, the external signal is output at abnormal time (including zero output), so that the amplifying circuit is easily stopped and protected. 
         [0022]    A current-voltage conversion circuit according to the present invention, comprises: a first transistor provided to an input stage; a second transistor provided to the input stage and has polarity different from that of the first transistor; and a bias circuit. A first terminal of the first transistor and a first terminal of the second transistor are connected to an input terminal into which an input current is input, a second terminal of the first transistor is connected to a first predetermined potential, a second terminal of the second transistor is connected to a second predetermined potential, the bias circuit is connected between the control terminal of the first transistor and the control terminal of the second transistor. 
         [0023]    In this case, the bias circuit is connected between the control terminal of the first transistor and the control terminal of the second transistor. For this reason, the bias circuit is in a pulled-up state (also called as a floating state), and a plurality of bias circuits does not have to be provided, thereby simplifying the circuit configuration. 
         [0024]    Since the bias circuit can be provided between the first transistor and the second transistor, the bias circuit can compensate the changed temperatures of the first transistor and the second transistor. As a result, the temperature stability in the current-voltage conversion circuit according to the present invention can be improved. 
         [0025]    Preferably, the current-voltage conversion circuit further comprises: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor. The first resistor is connected between the first terminal of the first transistor and the input terminal, the second resistor is connected between the first terminal of the second transistor and the input terminal, the third resistor is connected to the second terminal of the first transistor, the fourth resistor is connected to the second terminal of the second transistor. 
         [0026]    In this case, the amplification can be satisfactorily carried out at the input stage. That is to say, the amplifying amount can be determined by the ratio of the first resistor and the third resistor, and the ratio of the second resistor and the fourth resistor. As a result, the linearity of the amplification can be improved. 
         [0027]    Preferably, the current-voltage conversion circuit further comprises: a third transistor whose control terminal is connected to the second terminal of the first transistor and whose second terminal is connected to an output terminal of the current-voltage conversion circuit, a fourth transistor whose control terminal is connected to the second terminal of the second transistor and whose second terminal is connected to the output terminal of the current-voltage conversion circuit, a fifth resistor having one end connected to the second terminal of the third transistor and other end to be grounded, and a sixth resistor having one end connected to the second terminal of the fourth transistor and other end to be grounded. 
         [0028]    In this case, contributions of impedance of the second terminal internal resistor and the feedback circuit can be reduced at the second terminal resistors of the third transistor and the fourth transistor. Therefore, a fluctuation in a gain according to the configuration of the feedback circuit can be further repressed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0029]      FIG. 1  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating one example of an amplifying circuit; 
           [0030]      FIG. 2  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating one example of a bias circuit according to the present invention; 
           [0031]      FIG. 3  is a typical explanatory diagram for describing an operation of the amplifying circuit shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0032]      FIG. 4  is a typical explanatory diagram for describing an operation of the amplifying circuit shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0033]      FIG. 5  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating another example of the amplifying circuit shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0034]      FIG. 6  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating one example of the amplifying circuit; 
           [0035]      FIG. 7  is a typical circuit diagram where the amplifying circuit is applied to a current-voltage conversion circuit; 
           [0036]      FIG. 8  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating one example of the amplifying circuit; 
           [0037]      FIG. 9  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating one example of the current-voltage conversion circuit; 
           [0038]      FIG. 10  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating another example of the current-voltage conversion circuit; 
           [0039]      FIG. 11  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating still another example of the current-voltage conversion circuit; and 
           [0040]      FIG. 12  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating still another example of the current-voltage conversion circuit. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0041]    Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 
       First Embodiment 
       [0042]      FIG. 1  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating one example of an amplifying circuit according to the first embodiment. An amplifying circuit  100  shown in  FIG. 1  is an inverting circuit. 
         [0043]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the amplifying circuit  100  includes an input terminal IN, an input stage  10 , a bias circuit  20 , an output resistor section  30 , and output stages  40  and  50 . 
       Input Stage  10   
       [0044]    The input stage  10  includes a PNP transistor Q 1 , an NPN transistor Q 2 , an NPN transistor Q 3 , a PNP transistor Q 4  and emitter resistors R 2  and R 3 . 
         [0045]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , a base of the PNP transistor Q 1  and a base of the NPN transistor Q 2  are connected to the input terminal IN via an input resistor R 1 . A collector of the PNP transistor Q 1  and a collector of the NPN transistor Q 2  are connected and grounded (GND). 
         [0046]    An emitter of the NPN transistor Q 3  is connected to an emitter of the PNP transistor Q 1  via the emitter resistor R 2 . 
         [0047]    An emitter of the PNP transistor Q 4  is connected to an emitter of the NPN transistor Q 2  via an emitter resistor R 3 . 
         [0048]    A collector of the NPN transistor Q 3  is connected to a line of a constant power source V 1  via a resistor R 4 , and a collector of the PNP transistor Q 4  is connected to a line of a constant power source V 2  via a resistor R 5 . 
       Bias Circuit  20   
       [0049]    The bias circuit  20  is connected between a base of the NPN transistor Q 3  and a base of the PNP transistor Q 4 . The bias circuit  20  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1  via a resistor R 22 , and is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2  via a resistor R 23 . An internal configuration of the bias circuit  20  will be described later. 
       Output Resistor Section  30   
       [0050]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the output resistor section  30  includes an output resistor (negative feedback resistor) R 31 . The output resistor section  30  is inserted between base terminals of the PNP transistor Q 1  and the NPN transistor Q 2  and an output terminal OUT so as to form NFB (negative feedback). 
       Output Stage  40   
       [0051]    The output stage  40  includes a PNP transistor Q 41 , a PNP transistor Q 42 , an emitter resistor R 41  and an emitter resistor R 42 . 
         [0052]    A base of the PNP transistor Q 42  is connected to an emitter of the PNP transistor Q 41 . Concretely, the PNP transistor Q 41  and the PNP transistor Q 42  are Darlington-connected. A collector of the PNP transistor Q 42  is connected to the output terminal OUT. 
         [0053]    A base of the PNP transistor Q 41  is connected to a collector of the NPN transistor Q 3  at the input stage, and a collector of the PNP transistor Q 41  is grounded (GND). 
         [0054]    An emitter of the PNP transistor Q 41  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1  via the emitter resistor  41 , and an emitter of the PNP transistor Q 42  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1  via the emitter resistor R 42 . 
       Output Stage  50   
       [0055]    Similarly, the output stage  50  includes an NPN transistor Q 51 , an NPN transistor Q 52 , and emitter resistors R 51  and R 52 . 
         [0056]    A base of the NPN transistor Q 52  is connected to an emitter of the NPN transistor Q 51 . Concretely, the NPN transistor Q 51  and the NPN transistor Q 52  are Darlington-connected. A collector of the NPN transistor Q 52  is connected to the output terminal OUT. 
         [0057]    A base of the NPN transistor Q 51  is connected to a collector of the PNP transistor Q 4  at the input stage, and a collector of the NPN transistor Q 51  is grounded (GND). 
         [0058]    An emitter of the NPN transistor Q 51  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2  via the emitter resistor R 51 , and an emitter of the NPN transistor Q 52  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2  via the emitter resistor R 52 . 
       Details of the Bias Circuit  20   
       [0059]      FIG. 2  is a typical circuit diagram for describing details of the bias circuit  20 . 
         [0060]    As shown in  FIG. 2 , the bias circuit  20  includes a capacitor C 21 , a capacitor C 22 , an NPN transistor Q 21 , a PNP transistor Q 22 , a resistor R 24 , a resistor R 25 , a resistor R 26  and a resistor R 27 . 
         [0061]    An emitter of the NPN transistor Q 21  is connected to a reference terminal Vre (ground potential GND). The capacitor C 21  is provided between an emitter and a collector of the NPN transistor Q 21 , and the resistor R 24  is provided between the collector and a base. 
         [0062]    An emitter of the PNP transistor Q 22  is connected to the reference terminal Vre (the ground potential GND). The capacitor C 22  is provided between an emitter and a collector of the PNP transistor Q 22 , and the resistor R 25  is provided between the collector and a base. 
         [0063]    The resistors R 26  and R 27  are connected in series between the bases of the NPN transistor Q 21  and the PNP transistor Q 22 . 
         [0064]      FIG. 3  and  FIG. 4  are typical explanatory diagrams for describing an operation of the amplifying circuit  100  shown in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 . 
         [0065]    In the amplifying circuit  100  shown in  FIG. 3 , when a signal is not input into the input terminal IN, any bias current is applied from the bias circuit  20  to the emitter resistor R 2 . As a result, an electric current flowing in the resistor R 4  is determined. Therefore, an electric potential is generated in the resistor R 4 , and electric currents flowing in the emitter resistor  41  and the emitter resistor R 42  are determined. 
         [0066]    Similarly, since the amplifying circuit  100  has a symmetrical configuration in an up-down direction, the emitter resistor R 3  and the resistor R 5  are put into the same state. 
         [0067]    On the other hand, when a current signal of a SIN waveform is input into the input terminal IN of the amplifying circuit  100  shown in  FIG. 3 , the current signal of the SIN waveform that is shifted positively is allowed to flow in the PNP transistor Q 41  by amplification of the NPN transistor Q 3 . 
         [0068]    A current signal of an SIN waveform that is negatively shifted is allowed to flow in the NPN transistor Q 51  by amplification of the PNP transistor Q 4 . As a result, the amplified current signal of the SIN waveform flows in the output terminal OUT. 
         [0069]    The current signal whose phase is opposite to that of the SIN waveform input into the input terminal IN is negatively fed back via the output resistor (negative feedback resistor) R 31  (negative feedback). 
         [0070]    As a result, the current signal of the SIN waveform that is stably amplified is output from the PNP transistor Q 42  and the NPN transistor Q 52  via the output terminal OUT. 
         [0071]    Next, when a signal of a rectangular wave is input into the input terminal IN of the amplifying circuit  100  shown in  FIG. 4 , a voltage width of the emitter resistor R 2  is increased, and an electric current flowing in the emitter resistor R 2  increases according to the input rectangular wave. 
         [0072]    The electric current flowing in the emitter resistor R 2  is added to the resistor R 4 , and a voltage width of the resistor R 4  is increased. A voltage to be applied to the emitter resistor R 42  has a value obtained by subtracting a voltage (Vbe) between the base and the emitter of the PNP transistor Q 41  and the PNP transistor Q 42  from the voltage to be applied to the resistor R 4 . 
         [0073]    It is assumed that an electric current of 1 mA flows in the resistor R 4  and an electric current of 10 mA flows in the emitter resistor R 42 . When the voltage width of the resistor R 4  is 1.5 V under this condition, a voltage width of the emitter resistor R 42  becomes 0.3 V according to 1.5 V−(Vbe(Q 42 )+Vbe(Q 41 )). Further, under this condition, the resistor R 4  is 1.5 KΩ, and the resistor R42 is 30 Ω. 
         [0074]    When the input signal in the above state is increased by 10 mA, the voltage width of the resistor R 4  is 15 V, and the voltage width of the emitter resistor R 42  changes to 13.8 V. As a result, the voltage width of the resistor R 42  changes from 0.3 V to 13.8 V, and an output current of 460 mA can be obtained from the input signal of the input current of 10 mA. 
         [0075]    Particularly, the rectangular wave has instant leading edge and trailing edge. Further, drive of a capacitor load to be connected to the output terminal OUT depends on a current value of the output. For this reason, despite that the electric current in the PNP transistor Q 42  at the stationary time is low (in the above case of 10 mA), an output signal (460 mA) can be obtained instantaneously, thereby achieving a satisfactory slew rate. 
         [0076]    In the amplifying circuit  100 , the bias circuit  20  is put into a floating state at lines of constant power sources V 1  and V 2 , so that the voltage between the bases of the NPN transistor Q 3  and the PNP transistor Q 4  can be fixed by the bias circuit  20 . Further, the bias circuit  20  eliminates necessity that a lot of constant current circuits are provided, thereby simplifying the circuit. Further, an influence of ripple from the lines of the constant power sources V 1  and V 2  can be reduced. 
         [0077]    As described above, in the amplifying circuit  100  according to this embodiment, since the electric current at the stationary time can be repressed, unnecessary heat generation can be repressed. As a result, temperature stability of the amplifying circuit  100  can be improved. Further, the NPN transistor Q 21  and the PNP transistor Q 22  are thermally bonded to the transistors Q 1  to Q 4 , so that an influence of a characteristic change due to the heats of the respective transistors can be cancelled, thereby stabilizing the output voltage. When the respective transistors of the output stages  40  and  50  are thermally bonded to the NPN transistor Q 21  and the PNP transistor Q 22 , the output voltage can be further stabilized. 
         [0078]    Since a base feedback system where NFB (negative feedback) is connected to the input signal is adopted, a physical shift does not occur at a difference synthesizing point, and thus accurate negative feedback can be realized. 
         [0079]    Drive currents of the transistors Q 3  and Q 4  are supplied from the bias circuit  20  (particularly, the capacitors C 21  and C 22 ) without depending on the constant power sources V 1  and V 2 . As a result, the drive currents can be instantaneously supplied to the transistors Q 3  and Q 4 . If the drive currents are supplied from the constant power sources V 1  and V 2  to the transistors Q 3  and Q 4 , high electric current should always flow in the resistors R 22  and R 23 . For this reason, power consumption increases, but this example can solve such a problem. 
         [0080]    In the amplifying circuit  100 , the input resistor R 1  can be provided with both functions of an amplifier gain and an input filter. The output resistor (negative feedback resistor) R 31  can reduce noise and distortion, and can be provided with both functions of an amplifier gain and an output resistor. As a result, the circuit configuration can be simplified. 
         [0081]    At the output stages  40  and  50 , the emitter resistor R 42 , the emitter resistor R 52  and the output resistor (negative feedback resistor) R 31  can easily adjust the amplifier gain. 
         [0082]    In the amplifying circuit  100  shown in  FIG. 1 , the number of stages is small and the number of poles can be repressed. For this reason, a defect of frequency characteristics and oscillation can be prevented. 
         [0083]    In the input stage  10 , a gain of the NPN transistor Q 3  can be adjusted by the emitter resistor R 2  and the resistor R 4 . Further, a gain of the PNP transistor Q 4  can be adjusted by the emitter resistor R 3  and the resistor R 5 . 
         [0084]    In the amplifying circuit  100  according to the first embodiment, the NPN transistor Q 3  and the PNP transistor Q 4  can be regarded as base grounds. As a result, a wide band of the amplifying circuit  100  can be realized. 
         [0085]    In a conventional current feedback circuit, a stage having a plurality of constant current sources is provided, and it is difficult to adjust a bias current and a DC offset. However, in the amplifying circuit  100  according to the first embodiment, the resistors R 24  and R 25 , and the resistors R 26  and R 27  are adjusted so that the DC offset can be adjusted by the resistors R 24  and R 25 , and the bias current can be adjusted by the resistors R 26  and R 27 . 
         [0086]    The first embodiment is not limited to the above circuit configuration. For example, a collector of the transistor Q 1  and a collector of the transistor Q 2  may be connected to different potentials. That is to say, the collector of the transistor Q 1  may be connected to the constant power source V 2 , and the collector of the transistor Q 2  may be connected to the constant power source V 1 . In another manner, the collector of the transistor Q 1  may be connected between the bias circuit  20  and the resistor R 22 , and the collector of the transistor Q 2  may be connected between the bias circuit  20  and the resistor R 23 . Further, the collector of the transistor Q 41  and the collector of the transistor Q 42  may be connected to different potentials. In another manner, the collector of the transistor Q 41  may be connected to the collector of the transistor Q 42 , and the collector of the transistor Q 51  may be connected to the collector of the transistor Q 52 . 
       Second Embodiment 
       [0087]      FIG. 5  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating one example of the amplifying circuit according to a second embodiment. An amplifying circuit  100   a  shown in  FIG. 5  is one example of a non-inverting circuit. The second embodiment will describe mainly a point different from the amplifying circuit  100  according to the first embodiment. 
         [0088]    As shown in  FIG. 5 , the amplifying circuit  100   a  according to the second embodiment has an input stage  10   a  instead of the input stage  10  of the amplifying circuit  100 . An output resistor section  30   a  is provided instead of the output resistor section  30 . Further, an output stage  40   a  is provided instead of the output stage  40 , and an output stage  50   a  is provided instead of the output stage  50 . 
         [0089]    A circuit equivalent to the bias circuit in  FIG. 2  is used as the bias circuit  20 , and it is an adjusting stage of a bias current and an output DC voltage and produces the equivalent effect. The reference terminal of the bias circuit  20  is connected to a path of the negative feedback, and functions as a voltage feedback terminal Vnf. 
       Input Stage  10   a    
       [0090]    The input stage  10   a  includes the PNP transistor Q 1 , the NPN transistor Q 2 , the NPN transistor Q 3 , the PNP transistor Q 4  and the emitter resistors R 2  and R 3 . 
         [0091]    As shown in  FIG. 5 , the base of the PNP transistor Q 1  and the base of the NPN transistor Q 2  are connected to the input terminal IN. 
         [0092]    The collector of the PNP transistor Q 1  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2 . The collector of the NPN transistor Q 2  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1 . The emitter of the NPN transistor Q 3  is connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor Q 1  via the emitter resistor R 2 . The emitter of the PNP transistor Q 4  is connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor Q 2  via the emitter resistor R 3 . 
         [0093]    The bias circuit  20  is provided between the base of the NPN transistor Q 3  and the base of the PNP transistor Q 4 , and the collector of the NPN transistor Q 3  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1  via the resistor R 4 . The collector of the PNP transistor Q 4  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2  via the resistor R 5 . 
       Output Resistor Section  30   a    
       [0094]    As shown in  FIG. 5 , an output resistor section  30   a  includes the output resistor (negative feedback resistor) R 31  and a resistor R 32 . The resistor R 32  is provided to a side closer to the input stage  10   a  than the resistor R 31 , and its one end is grounded (GND). 
       Output Stage  40   a    
       [0095]    The output stage  40   a  includes an NPN transistor Q 43 , a PNP transistor Q 44 , an emitter resistor R 43 , a resistor R 44 , a resistor R 45 , and a bias circuit  70 . 
         [0096]    An emitter of the NPN transistor Q 43  is connected to an emitter of the PNP transistor Q 44  via the emitter resistor R 43 . Concretely, the NPN transistor Q 43  and the PNP transistor Q 44  are Darlington-connected. A collector of the PNP transistor Q 44  is connected to the output terminal OUT. 
         [0097]    A base of the NPN transistor Q 43  is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q 3  at the input stage, and a collector of the NPN transistor Q 43  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1 . 
         [0098]    A base of the PNP transistor Q 44  is connected to a collector of a PNP transistor Q 71 , described later, via the resistor R 44 . As a result, the resistor  44  as well as a capacity between the collector and the base of the PNP transistor Q 44  forms a low-pass filter. Further, the resistor R 45  is inserted between the collector of the PNP transistor Q 71  and a collector of a transistor Q 81  of a bias circuit  80 , described later, in series with respect to a resistor R 55 , described later. 
       Bias Circuit  70   
       [0099]    As shown in  FIG. 5 , the bias circuit  70  includes a capacitor C 71 , the PNP transistor Q 71 , and resistors R 71  and R 72 . 
         [0100]    An emitter of the PNP transistor Q 71  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1 . A base of the PNP transistor Q 71  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1  via the resistor R 71 . Further, a resistor R 72  is inserted between the base and the collector of the PNP transistor Q 71 . 
         [0101]    The capacitor C 71  is inserted between the collector of the PNP transistor Q 71  and the line of the constant power source V 1 . 
       Output Stage  50   a    
       [0102]    The output stage  50   a  includes a PNP transistor Q 53 , an NPN transistor Q 54 , emitter resistors R 53 , R 54  and R 55 , and the bias circuit  80 . 
         [0103]    An emitter of the PNP transistor Q 53  is connected to an emitter of the NPN transistor Q 54  via the emitter resistor R 53 . Concretely, the PNP transistor Q 53  and the NPN transistor Q 54  are Darlington-connected. A collector of the NPN transistor Q 54  is connected to the output terminal OUT. 
         [0104]    A base of the PNP transistor Q 53  is connected to the collector of the PNP transistor Q 4  at the input stage, and a collector of the PNP transistor Q 53  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2 . 
         [0105]    A base of the NPN transistor Q 54  is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q 81 , described later, via the emitter resistor R 54 . As a result, the resistor R 54  as well as a capacity between the collector and the base of the NPN transistor Q 54  form a low-pass filter. 
       Bias Circuit  80   
       [0106]    As shown in  FIG. 5 , the bias circuit  80  includes a capacitor C 81 , the NPN transistor Q 81 , and resistors R 81  and R 82 . 
         [0107]    An emitter of the NPN transistor Q 81  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2 . A base of the NPN transistor Q 81  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2  via the resistor R 81 . Further, the resistor R 82  is inserted between the base and the collector of the NPN transistor Q 81 . 
         [0108]    The capacitor C 81  is inserted between the collector of the NPN transistor Q 81  and the line of the constant power source V 2 . 
         [0109]    The amplifying circuit  100   a  according to the second embodiment is one example of the non-inverting circuit composed of a symmetrical circuit. In the amplifying circuit  100   a,  the later stage amplifying is performed by the PNP transistor Q 44 , the NPN transistor Q 54 , the emitter resistor R 43 , the emitter resistor R 53 , and the output resistor (negative feedback resistor) R 31 . 
         [0110]    A bias current can be adjusted by using the bias circuit  20  at the input stage  10   a,  and independently from this adjustment, the bias current can be adjusted by using the output stages  40   a  and  50   a.  As a result, a degree of circuit design freedom can be widened. Further, the output resistors (negative feedback resistors) R 31  and R 32  can determine a total gain of the amplifying circuit  100   a.    
         [0111]    In the amplifying circuit  100   a,  the transistors Q 1  and Q 3  and the resistor R 2  of the input stage  10   a  have the same circuit configuration as that of the transistors Q 43  and Q 44  and the resistor R 43  at the output stage  40   a.  The transistors Q 2  and Q 4  and the resistor R 3  of the input stage  10   a  have the same circuit configuration as that of the transistors Q 53  and Q 54  and the resistor R 53  at the output stage  50   a.    
         [0112]    Therefore, the output signal and the input signal establish a non-inverting relationship. The non-inverted output signal is supplied to the bases of the transistors Q 3  and Q 4  (via the bias circuit  20 ), so that the negative feedback can be realized. 
         [0113]    More specifically, a negative feedback path is connected to the voltage feedback terminal Vnf (the reference terminal) of the bias circuit  20 . Therefore, as a negative feedback path, a negative feedback path to the transistor Q 3  and a negative feedback path to the transistor Q 4  do not have to be separately provided. That is to say, since a supply path of the drive currents from the bias circuit  20  to the transistors Q 3  and Q 4  can be used also as the negative feedback path to the transistors Q 3  and Q 4 , the circuit configuration can be simplified. 
       Third Embodiment 
       [0114]      FIG. 6  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating one example of the amplifying circuit according to a third embodiment. A different point between the amplifying circuit  100   b  according to the third embodiment and the amplifying circuit  100  according to the first embodiment will be described below. 
         [0115]    As shown in  FIG. 6 , the amplifying circuit  100   b  further has a short-circuit protection circuit  15  additionally to the amplifying circuit  100 , and a bias circuit  20   b  instead of the bias circuit  20 . 
       Short-Circuit Protection Circuit  15   
       [0116]    As shown in  FIG. 6 , the short-circuit protection circuit  15  includes a PNP transistor Q 15 , an NPN transistor Q 16 , a resistor R 15 , and a short-circuit protection input terminal PROTECT. 
         [0117]    An emitter of the PNP transistor Q 15  is connected between the base of the NPN transistor Q 3  and the bias circuit  20   b.  A collector of the PNP transistor Q 15  is connected between the base of the PNP transistor Q 4  and the bias circuit  20   b.  A base of the PNP transistor Q 15  is connected to an emitter of NPN transistor Q 16 . 
         [0118]    A collector of the NPN transistor Q 16  is connected between the base of the NPN transistor Q 3  and the bias circuit  20   b.  An emitter of the NPN transistor Q 16  is connected to the collector of the PNP transistor Q 15  via the resistor R 15 . A base of the NPN transistor Q 16  is connected to the short-circuit protection input terminal PROTECT. 
       Bias Circuit  20   b    
       [0119]    As shown in  FIG. 6 , the bias circuit  20   b  includes the NPN transistor Q 21 , the PNP transistor Q 22 , the resistor R 24 , the resistor R 25 , the resistor R 26 , a resistor  28 , a resistor  29  and a zener diode D 21 . 
         [0120]    The reference terminal Vre is provided between an emitter of the NPN transistor Q 21  and an emitter of the PNP transistor Q 22 . An emitter of the NPN transistor Q 21  is connected to the reference terminal Vre. The resistor R 24  is provided between a collector and a base of the NPN transistor Q 21 . 
         [0121]    An emitter of the PNP transistor Q 22  is connected to the reference terminal Vre. The resistor R 25  is provided between a collector and a base of the PNP transistor Q 22 . 
         [0122]    The resistor R 26  is provided between the NPN transistor Q 21  and the PNP transistor Q 22 . 
         [0123]    A cathode of the zener diode D 21  is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q 21  via a resistor R 28 , and an anode of the zener diode D 21  is connected to the collector of the PNP transistor Q 22  via a resistor R 29 . 
         [0124]    As described above, in the amplifying circuit  100   b  according to the third embodiment, the voltage can be made to be constant by the zener diode D 21 . When the zener diode D 21  is used, an influence of a great fluctuation in a supply voltage is not exerted. Further, the short-circuit protection circuit  15  can protect the circuit at abnormality detecting time. 
         [0125]    The short-circuit protection circuit  15  will be described below. Any voltage is applied to the short-circuit protection input terminal PROTECT at the normal time. In this case, the NPN transistor Q 16  is in an ON state, and the PNP transistor Q 15  is in an OFF state. 
         [0126]    On the other hand, the short-circuit protection input terminal PROTECT is grounded (GND) at the abnormal time. In this case, the NPN transistor Q 16  is in the OFF state and the PNP transistor Q 15  is in the ON state, and the base of the NPN transistor Q 3  and the base of the PNP transistor Q 4  are short-circuited. As a result, the amplification of the amplifying circuit  100   b  is instantaneously stopped. The amplifying circuit in  FIG. 5  can be provided with the short-circuit protection circuit  15 . 
         [0127]      FIG. 7  is a typical circuit diagram where the amplifying circuit according to the first embodiment is applied to a current-voltage conversion circuit. In  FIG. 7 , an inverting amplification circuit is laid out on the current-voltage conversion circuit. 
         [0128]    As shown in  FIG. 7 , the amplifying circuit  100  is altered into a current-voltage conversion circuit  100   c.  The current-voltage conversion circuit  100   c  shown in  FIG. 7  includes an output stage  40   c,  an output stage  50   c,  and an output stage  60   c.    
         [0129]    In the output stages  40   c  and  50   c,  the Darlington connection is eliminated from the output stages  40  and  50 , and the output stage  60   c  is a circuit for reducing an output impedance. 
       Fourth Embodiment 
       [0130]      FIG. 8  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating one example of the amplifying circuit according to a fourth embodiment. A different point between the amplifying circuit  100   d  according to the fourth embodiment and the amplifying circuit  100  according to the first embodiment will be described below. 
         [0131]    As shown in  FIG. 8 , the amplifying circuit  100   d  further includes resistors R 101  and R 102 . One end of the resistor R 101  is connected to the collector of the transistor Q 42 , and the other end is grounded. One end of the resistor R 102  is connected to the collector of the transistor Q 52 , and the other end is grounded. The collectors of the transistors Q 42  and Q 52  are grounded via the resistors R 101  and R 102 , thereby preventing gains of the output stages  40  and  50  from fluctuating due to the resistor R 31  of the output resistor section  30 . The resistor R 101  will be described as an example, but the same is true for the resistor R 102 . 
         [0132]    The resistor R 42  is an emitter resistor of the transistor Q 42 . A collector resistor of the transistor Q 42  is represented by a resistor obtained by synthesizing the resistor R 101 , a collector internal resistor of the transistor Q 42  and the resistor R 31 . When an output admittance of the transistor Q 42  is represented by hoe, the collector internal resistor is expressed by (1/hoe). When a resistance value of the resistor R 101  is very smaller than the collector internal resistor of the transistor Q 42  and the resistor R 31 , contribution of the resistor R 101  is dominant in the collector resistor and contribution of the resistor R 31  reduces. 
         [0133]    When the resistor R 101  is not connected, the resistor R 31  is lower than the collector internal resistor and the resistor R 31  is dominant in the collector resistor of the transistor Q 42 . That is to say, the gain of the amplifying circuit fluctuates due to the resistance value of the resistor R 31 . However, when the resistor R 101  is provided, an influence of the resistor R 31  to be exerted on the gain of the amplifying circuit can be repressed. 
         [0134]    In the above embodiments shown in  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 8 , a compensating circuit is not provided, but not limited to this, and any circuit such as a phase compensating circuit may be provided to the output resistor (negative feedback resistor) R 31 . 
       Fifth Embodiment 
       [0135]      FIG. 9  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating one example of a current-voltage conversion circuit according to a fifth embodiment. The current-voltage conversion circuit  200  includes the input terminal IN, the input stage  10 , the bias circuit  20 , the output resistor section  30  and the output stages  40  and  50 . 
       Input Stage  10   
       [0136]    The input stage  10  includes an NPN transistor Q 1 , a PNP transistor Q 2 , and the emitter resistors R 2  and R 3 . 
         [0137]    As shown in  FIG. 9 , an emitter of the NPN transistor Q 1  is connected to the input terminal IN via the resistor R 2 . An emitter of the PNP transistor Q 2  is connected to the input terminal IN via the resistor R 3 . 
         [0138]    The bias circuit  20  is inserted between a base of the NPN transistor Q 1  and a base of the PNP transistor Q 2 . 
         [0139]    A collector of the NPN transistor Q 1  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1  via the resistor R 4 , and a collector of the PNP transistor Q 2  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2  via the resistor R 5 . 
       Bias Circuit  20   
       [0140]    The bias circuit  20  includes the capacitors C 21  and C 22 , the NPN transistor Q 21 , the PNP transistor Q 22 , and the resistors R 24 , R 25 , R 26  and R 27 . 
         [0141]    An emitter of the NPN transistor Q 21  is grounded (GND). The capacitor C 21  is provided between the emitter and the collector of the NPN transistor Q 21 , and the resistor R 24  is provided between the base and the collector. 
         [0142]    The emitter of the PNP transistor Q 22  is grounded (GND). The capacitor C 22  is provided between the emitter and the collector of the PNP transistor Q 22 , and the resistor R 25  is provide between the collector and the base. 
         [0143]    The resistors R 26  and R 27  are connected between the bases of the NPN transistor Q 21  and the PNP transistor Q 22  in series. 
         [0144]    The bias circuit  20  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1  via the resistor R 22 , and to the line of the constant power source V 2  via the resistor R 23 . 
       Output Resistor Section  30   
       [0145]    As shown in  FIG. 9 , the output resistor section  30  has the output resistor R 31 . The output resistor R 31  is inserted between the emitter of the NPN transistor Q 1  at the input stage  10  and the emitter of the PNP transistor Q 2  and the output terminal OUT. A scale of the output resistor R 31  can be determined by an upper limit of an electric current to be input and a upper limit of a voltage to be output. Further, the output resistor R 31  shown in  FIG. 9  functions as a negative feedback resistor. 
       Output Stage  40   
       [0146]    The output stage  40  includes the PNP transistor Q 41  and a resistor R 41 . 
         [0147]    The base of the PNP transistor Q 41  is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q 1  at the input stage. The emitter of the PNP transistor Q 41  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1  via the resistor R 41 . The collector of the PNP transistor Q 41  is connected to the output terminal OUT. 
       Output Stage  50   
       [0148]    The output stage  50  includes the NPN transistor Q 51  and the resistor R 51 . 
         [0149]    The base of the NPN transistor Q 51  is connected to the collector of the PNP transistor Q 2  at the input stage. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q 51  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2  via the resistor R 51 . The collector of the NPN transistor Q 51  is connected to the output terminal OUT. 
         [0150]    If an electric current to be input into the input terminal IN of the current-voltage conversion circuit  200  shown in  FIG. 9  reduces, the voltage width of the emitter resistor R 2  is widened, and an electric current flowing in the emitter resistor R 2  increases according to the input electric current. The electric current flowing in the emitter resistor R 2  is added to the resistor R 4 , and the voltage width of the resistor R 4  increases. A voltage to be applied to the emitter resistor  41  is a value obtained by subtracting a value (Vbe) between the base and the emitter of the PNP transistor Q 41  from the voltage to be applied to the resistor R 4 . 
         [0151]    It is assumed that an electric current of 1 mA flows in the resistor R 4 , and an electric current of 10 mA flows in the emitter resistor R 41 . When the voltage width of the resistor R 4  is 1.5 V under this condition, the voltage width of the emitter resistor R 41  is 0.9 V according to 1.5 V−(Vbe(Q 41 )). Further, under that condition, the resistor R 4  is 1.5 KΩ, and the resistor R 41  is 90 Ω. 
         [0152]    When the input current increases from the above state to 10 mA, the voltage width of the resistor R 4  is 15 V, and the voltage width of the emitter resistor  41  changes to 14.4 V. Further, when the input current increases, the symmetrical circuit similarly operates. 
         [0153]    As described above, in the current-voltage conversion circuit  200 , the output resistor section  30  and the output stages  40  and  50  determine an amplification width at a later stage. 
         [0154]    In the current-voltage conversion circuit  200  according to the embodiment, the electric current supplied from the input terminal IN is supplied to the NPN transistor Q 1  and the PNP transistor Q 2  of the input stage  10 . The electric current flowing in the NPN transistor Q 1  increases and decreases (in the PNP transistor Q 2 , a reverse operation) according to a rise and a drop of an applied voltage of the NPN transistor Q 1 . For this reason, the voltages applied from the line of the constant power source V 1  and the line of the constant power source V 2  are inversely proportional to the voltage in the bias circuit  20 , and the voltage can be stably output from the output terminal. 
         [0155]    In the current-voltage conversion circuit  200 , the bias circuit  20  is put into a floating state from the lines of the constant power sources V 1  and V 2 , and the voltage between the bases of the NPN transistor Q 1  and the PNP transistor Q 2  can be fixed by the bias circuit  20 . Further, a lot of constant current circuits do not have to be provided due to the bias circuit  20 , so that the circuit can be simplified. Further, an influence of ripple from the lines of the constant power sources V 1  and V 2  can be reduced. The drive currents of the transistors Q 1  and Q 2  are supplied from the bias circuit  20  (particularly, the capacitors C 21  and C 22 ) without depending on the constant power sources V 1  and V 2 , so that the drive currents can be instantaneously supplied to the transistors Q 1  and Q 2 . If the drive currents are supplied from the constant power sources V 1  and V 2  to the transistors Q 1  and Q 2 , high electric currents should always flow in the resistors R 22  and R 23 . For this reason, the power consumption increases, but such a problem can be solved in this example. 
         [0156]    In the current-voltage conversion circuit  200  according to the embodiment, since the electric current can be repressed at the stationary time, heat generation can be repressed, thereby improving the temperature stability of the current-voltage conversion circuit  200 . Further, the NPN transistor Q 21  and the PNP transistor Q 22  are thermally bonded to the transistors Q 1  and Q 2 , so that an influence of a change in the characteristics caused by the heats of the respective transistors can be cancelled. As a result, the output voltage can be stabilized. The respective transistors of the output stages  40  and  50  are thermally bonded to the NPN transistor Q 21  and the PNP transistor Q 22 , so that the output voltage can be further stabilized. 
         [0157]    The output resistor (negative feedback resistor) R 31  can reduce noise and distortion, and can be provided with both functions of the amplifier gain and the output resistor. As a result, the circuit configuration can be simplified. 
         [0158]    At the input stage  10 , the gain of the NPN transistor Q 1  can be adjusted by the emitter resistor R 2  and the resistor R 4 . Further, the gain of the PNP transistor Q 2  can be adjusted by the emitter resistor R 3  and the resistor R 5 . 
         [0159]    In the current-voltage conversion circuit  200  according to the embodiment, the bases of the NPN transistor Q 1  and the PNP transistor Q 2  are grounded. As a result, the wide band of the current-voltage conversion circuit  200  can be realized. 
       Another Example 
       [0160]      FIG. 10  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating another example of the current-voltage conversion circuit  200 . A different point between a current-voltage conversion circuit  200   a  of another example and the current-voltage conversion circuit  200  according to the first embodiment will be mainly described below. 
         [0161]    As shown in  FIG. 10 , the current-voltage conversion circuit  200   a  includes output stages  40   a  and  50   a  instead of the output stages  40  and  50  of the current-voltage conversion circuit  200 . That is to say, the output stages  40   a  and  50   a  are constituted by adding a cascode circuit to the output stages  40  and  50 . 
       Output Stage  40   a    
       [0162]    The output stage  40   a  includes the PNP transistors Q 41 , Q 42  and Q 43 , the resistors R 41 , R 42 , R 43  and R 44 , and a capacitor C 41 . 
         [0163]    The collector of the PNP transistor Q 41  is connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor Q 42 . The collector of the PNP transistor Q 42  is connected to the output terminal OUT. 
         [0164]    The base of the PNP transistor Q 41  is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q 1  at the input stage, and the emitter of the PNP transistor Q 41  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1  via the resistor R 41 . 
         [0165]    The base of the PNP transistor Q 42  is connected to the collector of the PNP transistor Q 43 . Further, the resistor R 42  is inserted between the collector of the PNP transistor Q 43  and a collector of an NPN transistor Q 53 , described later, in series with the resistor R 52 , described later. 
         [0166]    The emitter of the PNP transistor Q 43  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1 . The base of the PNP transistor Q 43  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1  via the resistor R 43 . Further, the resistor R 44  is inserted between the base and the collector of the PNP transistor Q 43 . 
         [0167]    The capacitor C 41  is inserted between the collector of the PNP transistor Q 43  and the line of the constant power source V 1 . 
       Output Stage  50   a    
       [0168]    The output stage  50   a  includes the NPN transistors Q 51 , Q 52  and Q 53 , the resistors R 51 , R 52 , R 53  and R 54 , and a capacitor C 51 . 
         [0169]    The collector of the NPN transistor Q 51  is connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor Q 52 . The collector of the NPN transistor Q 52  is connected to the output terminal OUT. 
         [0170]    The base of the NPN transistor Q 51  is connected to the collector of the PNP transistor Q 2  at the input stage, and the emitter of the NPN transistor Q 51  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2  via the resistor  51 . 
         [0171]    The emitter of the NPN transistor Q 53  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2 . The base of the NPN transistor Q 53  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2  via the resistor R 53 . Further, the resistor R 54  is inserted between the base and the collector of the NPN transistor Q 53 . The base of the NPN transistor Q 52  is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q 53 . 
         [0172]    The capacitor C 51  is inserted between the collector of the NPN transistor Q 53  and the line of the constant power source V 2 . 
         [0173]    The addition of the cascade circuit can reduce power loss of the transistors Q 41  and Q 42 . Since a mirror effect is not produced, frequency characteristics of the output stages  40   a  and  50   a  can be improved. 
       Still Another Example 
       [0174]      FIG. 11  is a typical circuit diagram illustrating still another example of the current-voltage conversion circuit  200 . A current-voltage conversion circuit  200   b  shown in  FIG. 11  includes an input stage  10   b  instead of the input stage  10  of the current-voltage conversion circuit  200  shown in  FIG. 9 , and an output stage  60   b.    
       Input Stage  10   b    
       [0175]    The input stage  10   b  includes a PNP transistor Q 1   b,  an NPN transistor Q 2   b,  the NPN transistor Q 1 , the PNP transistor Q 2  and the emitter resistors R 2  and R 3 . 
         [0176]    As shown in  FIG. 9 , a base of the PNP transistor Q 1   b  and a base of the NPN transistor Q 2   b  are connected to the input terminal IN. A collector of the PNP transistor Q 1   b  and a collector of the NPN transistor Q 2   b  are connected to each other and are grounded (GND). 
         [0177]    The emitter of the NPN transistor Q 1  is connected to an emitter of the PNP transistor Q 1   b  via the emitter resistor R 2 . 
         [0178]    The emitter of the PNP transistor Q 2  is connected to an emitter of the NPN transistor Q 2   b  via the emitter resistor R 3 . 
         [0179]    The collector of the NPN transistor Q 1  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1  via the resistor R 4 , and the collector of the PNP transistor Q 2  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2  via the resistor R 5 . 
       Output Stage  60   b    
       [0180]    The output stage  60   b  is a circuit for reducing an output impedance. The output stage  60   b  includes an NPN transistors Q 61  and Q 62 , a PNP transistor Q 63 , resistors R 61 , R 62 , R 63 , R 64 , R 65  and R 66 , and a capacitor C 61 . 
         [0181]    A collector of the NPN transistor Q 62  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 1 . A base of the NPN transistor Q 62  is connected to the collector of the PNP transistor Q 41 . An emitter of the NPN transistor Q 62  is connected to the output terminal OUT via the resistor R 65 . 
         [0182]    A collector of the PNP transistor Q 63  is connected to the line of the constant power source V 2 . A base of the PNP transistor Q 63  is connected to a collector of the NPN transistor Q 51 . An emitter of the PNP transistor Q 63  is connected to the output terminal OUT via the resistor R 66 . 
         [0183]    An emitter of the NPN transistor Q 61  is connected between the base of the PNP transistor Q 63  and the collector of the NPN transistor Q 51 . The resistor R 63  is connected between the base and the collector of the NPN transistor Q 61 , and the resistor R 64  is connected between the base and the emitter of the NPN transistor Q 61 . 
         [0184]    The capacitor C 61  is provided between the base of the NPN transistor Q 62  and the base of the PNP transistor Q 63 . Further, the resistor R 61  and the resistor R 62  are provided between the collector of the PNP transistor Q 41  and the collector of the NPN transistor Q 51 . A portion between the resistor R 61  and the resistor R 62  are grounded (GND). 
         [0185]    As described above, the output stage  60   b  whose output impedance is low, namely, the output stage whose voltage amplification is low and current amplification is high is provided. As a result, the current-voltage conversion can be efficiently performed. 
       Still Another Example 
       [0186]    As shown in  FIG. 12 , in comparison with  FIG. 9 , the current-voltage conversion circuit  200   c  further includes the resistors R 101  and R 102 . One end of the resistor R 101  is connected to the collector of the transistor Q 41 , and the other end is grounded. One end of the resistor R 102  is connected to the collector of the transistor Q 51 , and the other end is grounded. The collectors of the transistors Q 41  and Q 51  are grounded via the resistors R 101  and R 102 , so that the gains of the output stages  40  and  50  can be prevented from being fluctuated by the resistor R 31  of the output resistor section  30 . The resistor R 101  will be described below as an example, and the same is true for the resistor R 102 . 
         [0187]    The resistor R 41  is an emitter resistor of the transistor Q 41 . A collector resistor of the transistor Q 41  is represented by a resistor obtained by synthesizing the resistor R 101 , a collector internal resistor of the transistor Q 41  and the resistor R 31 . When an output admittance of the transistor Q 41  is denoted by hoe, the collector internal resistor is represented by (1/hoe). When a resistance value of the resistor R 101  is much lower than the collector internal resistor of the transistor Q 41  and the resistor R 31 , contribution of the resistor R 101  is dominant in the collector resistor, and thus contribution of the resistor R 31  is reduced. 
         [0188]    When the resistor R 101  is not connected, the resistor R 31  is lower than the collector internal resistor, and the resistor R 31  is dominant in the collector resistor of the transistor Q 41 . That is to say, the gain fluctuates due to the resistance value of the resistor R 31 . However, the provision of the resistor R 101  can repress an influence to be exerted on the gain of the resistor R 31 . 
         [0189]    In the current-voltage conversion circuits  200 ,  200   a  and  200   c,  the bias circuit  20  is connected between the base of the NPN transistor Q 1  and the base of the PNP transistor Q 2 . For this reason, the bias circuit  20  is put into a pulled-up state (called also as a floating state), and a plurality of the bias circuits  20  does not have to be provided, thereby simplifying the circuit configuration of the current-voltage conversion circuits  200 ,  200   a  and  200   b.    
         [0190]    In the current-voltage conversion circuits  200 ,  200   a  of the present invention, since the temperature can be compensated in the bias circuit  20 , thermal runway of the transistors is prevented. As a result, the temperature stability of the current-voltage conversion circuits  200  and  200   a  can be heightened. 
         [0191]    The NPN transistor Q 1  and the PNP transistor Q 2  are thermally bonded to each other, so that the temperature stability of the current-voltage conversion circuits  200  and  200   a  can be heightened. 
         [0192]    An amplifying amount in the current-voltage conversion circuits  200 ,  200   a  and  200   b  can be determined by a ratio of the resistor R 2  and the resistor R 4 , and a ratio of the resistor R 3  and the resistor R 5 . As a result, the resistors R 2 , R 3 , R 4  and R 5  are also fixed resistors, and thus linearity of the amplification of the current-voltage conversion circuits  200 ,  200   a  and  200   b  can be improved. 
         [0193]    The current-voltage conversion circuits  200  and  200   a  according to this embodiment is designed so that the output resistor R 31 /amplifier gain is smaller than the resistor R 2  and the resistor R 3 . Thus, it is not necessary to add further transistor to the input stage  10  to constitute an emitter follower. As a result, a number of parts can be reduced, and thus the circuit configuration can be simplified. 
         [0194]    In the above embodiments, a compensating circuit is not provided, but not limited to this, and, for example, a phase compensating circuit may be provided to the output resistor R 31 .