Abstract:
Methods for creating a EUV photolithography mask with a thinner highly EUV absorbing absorber layer and the resulting device are disclosed. Embodiments include forming a multilayer reflector (MLR); forming first and second layers of a first EUV absorbing material over the MLR, the second layer being between the first layer and the MLR; and implanting the first layer with particles of a second EUV absorbing material, wherein the first EUV absorbing material is etchable and has a lower EUV absorption coefficient than the second EUV absorbing material, and wherein the implanted particles are substantially separated from each other.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present disclosure relates generally to designing and fabricating integrated circuit (IC) devices. The present disclosure is applicable to design and fabrication processes associated with extreme ultra violet (EUV) photomasks utilized in photolithographic patterning at 10 nanometer (nm), 7 nm, 5 nm nodes and beyond. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Generally, in fabrication of an IC device, a photolithography (lithography) process may be utilized to print/pattern various layers of a circuit design onto a surface of a silicon (Si) substrate for creating various devices (e.g., transistors) and circuits to form the IC device. In lithography, a photomask is used to mask or expose areas on the substrate that are to be blocked from or patterned by, respectively, a light source (e.g., EUV). With miniaturization of the IC devices, EUV lithography (e.g., with 13.5 nm wavelength photons) is utilized to achieve a better resolution when compared to other lithography options (e.g., 193 nm immersion lithography, multiple patterning, etc.). Optical elements in an EUV scanner must be reflective, which require that the EUV photomask be illuminated at an angle to its normal (non-orthogonal). However, non-orthogonal illumination of the EUV photomask can cause, for example, a shadowing of lines that are perpendicular to the incident beam, the appearance of telecentricity errors that can result in a pattern shift through focus, and image contrast loss due to apodization by a reflective mask coating. 
         [0003]      FIG. 1A  is a cross sectional diagram of an EUV photomask. Diagram  100  illustrates a portion of an example EUV photomask including a multilayer reflector (MLR) stack  101  of alternate layers of molybdenum and silicon material, a ruthenium (Ru) capping layer  103 , layer  105  including EUV absorber material, and antireflective coating (ARC) layer  107 . An EUV beam  109  is at angle  111  of six degrees (6°) that causes reflective beams  113  to reflect from effective reflection plane  115 . However, the off-axis illumination of the EUV beam  109  can cause a shadowing effect due to the thickness of the layers  105  and  107 . For example, there can be a shadowing at the capping layer  103  as the EUV beam  109  passes by the ARC layer  107  at contact point  117 . A lower profile of the combined thickness of the layers  105  and  107  could provide for less interference with illumination of the EUV beam  109  onto the upper surface of the Ru cap  103  and the reflective reflection plane  115 . Even in a scenario where there is no ARC layer, the contact point  117  may be at the upper surface of the absorber layer  105 . However, as in diagram  150  of  FIG. 1B , in order to maintain the EUV reflectance  151  at or below 2%, the thickness  153  of a typical tantalum (Ta) based absorber layer is about 50 nm to 60 nm. Tantalum nitride (TaN) or tantalum boron nitride (TaBN) are the industry standard for EUV photomask absorber layers for their etch compatibility even though Ta-based materials have only a moderate EUV absorption coefficient. Although other materials such as nickel, cobalt, sliver, etc. with high EUV absorption coefficients may be used to achieve a thinner absorbing layer  105 , such materials cannot be etched away during the fabrication process of an IC device without affecting/damaging adjacent layers, e.g., the MLR stack  101 . 
         [0004]    A need therefore exists for a methodology enabling creation of an EUV photomask with an etchable and highly absorbing thinner absorber layer and the resulting photomask. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    An aspect of the present disclosure is an EUV photomask with an etchable and highly absorbing thinner absorber layer. 
         [0006]    Another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for creating an EUV photomask with an etchable and highly absorbing thinner absorber layer. 
         [0007]    Additional aspects and other features of the present disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows and in part will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from the practice of the present disclosure. The advantages of the present disclosure may be realized and obtained as particularly pointed out in the appended claims. 
         [0008]    According to the present disclosure some technical effects may be achieved in part by a method including forming a MLR; forming first and second layers of a first EUV absorbing material over the MLR, the second layer being between the first layer and the MLR; and implanting the first layer with particles of a second EUV absorbing material, wherein the first EUV absorbing material is etchable and has a lower EUV absorption coefficient than the second EUV absorbing material, and wherein the implanted particles are substantially separated from each other. 
         [0009]    Another aspect includes implanting the particles to a total weight of 50% to 90% of a total weight of the first layer, and wherein the first EUV absorbing material includes a Ta-based material. 
         [0010]    Further aspects include forming the Ta based first and second layers by sputtering in an inert gas atmosphere. 
         [0011]    In one aspect, the particles include nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), silver (Ag), indium (In), tellurium (Te), or platinum (Pt) nanoparticles. 
         [0012]    Further aspects include forming the first layer to a thickness of 20 nm to 40 nm, and forming the nanoparticles to a size less than 5 nm. 
         [0013]    In a further aspect, the first EUV absorbing material includes TaN or TaBN. 
         [0014]    In one aspect, the MLR coating includes a stack of alternate layers of molybdenum and silicon material. 
         [0015]    Another aspect includes forming a Ru capping layer between an upper surface of the MLR coating and a lower surface of the second layer. 
         [0016]    A further aspect includes forming the second layer to a thickness of 2 nm to 3 nm and of a Ta-based material. 
         [0017]    Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a photolithography mask (photomask) that includes a Ru capped multilayer reflector MLR; first and second layers of a first EUV absorbing material over the Ru capped MLR, the second layer being between the first layer and the Ru cap; and particles of a second EUV absorbing material implanted into the first layer, wherein the first EUV absorbing material is etchable and has a lower EUV absorption coefficient than the second EUV absorbing material, and wherein the implanted particles are substantially separated from each other. 
         [0018]    In one aspect of the photolithography mask, a total weight of the particles is 50% to 90% of a total weight of the first layer, and wherein the first EUV absorbing material comprises a Ta based material. 
         [0019]    In another aspect of the photolithography mask, the first EUV absorbing material includes TaN or TaBN. 
         [0020]    In a further aspect of the photolithography mask, the particles include Ni, Co, Ag, In, Te, or Pt nanoparticles. 
         [0021]    In some aspects of the photolithography mask, the first layer is formed to a thickness of 20 nm to 40 nm, and the nanoparticles are less than 5 nm. 
         [0022]    In one aspect of the photolithography mask, the MLR includes a stack of alternating layers of molybdenum and silicon material. 
         [0023]    In another aspect of the photolithography mask, the second layer is formed to a thickness of 2 nm to 5 nm and comprises a Ta-based material. 
         [0024]    Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a method including: forming a Ru-capped MLR; forming first and second layers of a Ta based material over the MLR, the second layer being between the first layer and the Ru cap; and implanting the first layer with Ni, Co, Ag, In, Te, or Pt nanoparticles, wherein the implanted Ni nanoparticles are substantially separated from each other and have a higher EUV absorption coefficient than the Ta-based material in the first layer. 
         [0025]    Additional aspects and technical effects of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description wherein embodiments of the present disclosure are described simply by way of illustration of the best mode contemplated to carry out the present disclosure. As will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0026]    The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawing and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which: 
           [0027]      FIG. 1A  is a cross sectional diagram of an EUV photomask; 
           [0028]      FIG. 1B  illustrates a diagram of reflectance, phase shift, and absorber thickness of an example EUV photomask; 
           [0029]      FIG. 2A  illustrates a partial cross sectional diagram of an EUV photomask, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment, and  FIG. 2B  illustrates a partial top down diagram of the EUV photomask, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; and 
           [0030]      FIG. 2C  illustrates a plot diagram of the roughness characteristics of a photomask, in accordance with another exemplary embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0031]    In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of exemplary embodiments. It should be apparent, however, that exemplary embodiments may be practiced without these specific details or with an equivalent arrangement. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring exemplary embodiments. In addition, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, ratios, and numerical properties of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” 
         [0032]    The present disclosure addresses and solves the problems of shadowing of lines, telecentricity errors, and contrast loss attendant upon using an EUV photomask with a TaN or TaBN absorber or an inability to etch attendant upon using an EUV photomask with a Ni absorber. The present disclosure addresses and solves such problems, for instance, by, inter alia, designing and fabricating an EUV photomask with an etchable and highly absorbing thinner absorber layer formed of TaN or TaBN with particles of a highly absorbing material implanted therein. 
         [0033]      FIG. 2A —illustrates a partial cross sectional diagram of an EUV photomask, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.  FIG. 2B  illustrates a partial top down diagram of the EUV photomask, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 
         [0034]      100341   FIG. 2A  illustrates a partial cross section  200  of an EUV photomask that includes the MLR stack  101  and the Ru capping layer  103 . Further, a Ta-based EUV absorber layer  201  is formed on an upper surface of the Ru capping layer  103 . The absorber layer  201  may have a thickness of about 2 nm to 5 nm. Next, a Ta-based layer  203  is formed on an upper surface of the Ta-based layer  201  where the layer  203  includes the Ta-based material  105 , which is additionally implanted with nanoparticles  205  of a second EUV absorbing material such as Ni, Co, Ag, In, Te, Pt, or the like materials that have higher EUV absorption coefficients than the Ta-based material  105 . The EUV absorbing material  105  in the absorber layer  203  may, for example, include TaN or TaBN material. Further, the implanted nanoparticles  205  may have a total weight of 50% to 90% of a total weight of the layer  203 , wherein the layer  203  has a thickness of 20 nm to 40 nm. Moreover, the nanoparticles  205  are substantially separated from each other within the absorber layer  203  and each particle  205  has a size less than 5 nm. The implanted nanoparticles  205  have a higher EUV absorption coefficient than the Ta-based material  105  such that the nanoparticles  205  absorb most of an EUV beam illuminated at the absorber layer  203 . Moreover, the Ta-based material  105  combined with the implanted nanoparticles  205  can be etched by use of typical etching processes used for etching Ta-based material in fabrication of IC devices. 
         [0035]      FIG. 2B  illustrates the top down view of the edges of a feature in the absorber layer  203  following etch transfer. The Ta-based absorber material  105  is formed by sputtering in an inert gas atmosphere that usually includes admixtures of nitrogen and hydrogen to ensure that the absorber material  105  is amorphous and has a low surface roughness. Concurrently, Ni (or other highly EUV absorbing material) nanoparticles  205  may be deposited via a spray nozzle using a suitable carrier gas, wherein a relative deposition rate of the Ta-based material and the Ni nanoparticles is used to balance the weight percentage of the Ni nanoparticles in the absorber layer  203  against the etchability of the composite layer including the Ta-based material  105  and the Ni particles  205 . Some of the nanoparticles  205  may result being located on the edges of a line, trench, or via. For example, nanoparticles  205   a,    205   b,  and  205   c  are located on the edges of a feature  206  in the absorber layer  203  following etch transfer and, after etching, they may still stick to the edges of absorber pattern. Alternatively, some nanoparticles located on the edges may be washed away leaving voids such as  207   a  and  207   b.  Both scenarios, particles or voids on the edges, could result in an increase in line edge roughness (LER) on a photomask. However, as illustrated in  FIG. 2C , studies have shown that the resulting high frequency mask LER will not be transferred to a wafer pattern. Diagram  250  shows the photomask and wafer substrate LER and power spectral density (PSD) comparison for 36 nm half pitch line and space printed with the EUV alpha demo tool (ADT) using conventional illumination. In low spatial frequency (f) region  209  (f min cut-off), f&lt;10 per micrometer (μm −1 ), the photomask LER is transferred to wafer LER. In the mid frequency region, 10 μm −1 &lt;f&lt;20 μm −1 , a portion of the photomask LER is transferred to the wafer pattern LER. However, in a high frequency region, f&gt;20 μm −1 , the photomask LER is not transferred to the wafer pattern. As noted, the size of the Ni nanoparticles may be 2 nm to 5 nm, or even smaller. For example, if the size of the Ni nanoparticles is 2 nm, then the corresponding frequency is at 500 μm −1 , and if the size is 5 nm, then the corresponding frequency is 200 μm −1 . In both examples, the frequencies are greater than f max cut-off frequency  211 , and, therefore, the Ni nanoparticle-induced photomask LER will not transfer to the wafer pattern. 
         [0036]    The embodiments of the present disclosure can achieve several technical effects, including higher absorption for the absorber of an EUV photomask without sacrificing etchability and a reduction in shadowing of lines perpendicular to the incident beams, in pattern shifting through focus, and in image loss. Further, the embodiments enjoy utility in various industrial applications as, for example, microprocessors, smart phones, mobile phones, cellular handsets, set-top boxes, DVD recorders and players, automotive navigation, printers and peripherals, networking and telecom equipment, gaming systems, digital cameras, or other devices utilizing logic or high-voltage technology nodes. The present disclosure therefore enjoys industrial applicability in any of various types of highly integrated semiconductor devices, including devices that use SRAM memory cells (e.g., liquid crystal display (LCD) drivers, synchronous random access memories (SRAM), digital processors, etc.), particularly for 7 nm technology node devices and beyond. 
         [0037]    In the preceding description, the present disclosure is described with reference to specifically exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the present disclosure, as set forth in the claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded as illustrative and not as restrictive. It is understood that the present disclosure is capable of using various other combinations and embodiments and is capable of any changes or modifications within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein.