Abstract:
Training apparatus for physical exercise, preventive exercise and rehabilitation of injuries and increased balance, the apparatus designed as a stationary bicycle, similar to ergometer bikes or spinning bikes. The apparatus consist of a first lower stable frame configured to be supported on a floor and a second upper frame tiltable relative to the lower frame. The upper frame has an adjustable tilt movement relative the lower frame crosswise the flywheel&#39;s revolving motion. A steering gear is guided through the upper frame where a prolonged part of the steering gear is in contact with the floor, the part having a wheel suspension like design, consisting of barlinks, dampers, springs and wheels. Stabilizing of the upper frame is done by movement of the steering gear.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCED TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation application of and claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 10/579,322 filed Jul. 31, 2006, which claims priority to PCT/NO04/00349 filed Nov. 15, 2004, Norway Application No.: NO 2003 5129 filed Nov. 17, 2003, and Norway Application No.: NO 2004 3530 filed Aug. 25, 2004, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a design of training apparatus for exercise and rehabilitation of a person&#39;s muscles and is especially adapted to designs, which are related to principles of training during instability and controlling balance when performing a training exercise. 
     This invention represents a new design for an indoor exercise bicycle. The exercise bicycle is unstable tiltable with a system for controlling the instability, simulating a feeling of riding an ordinary mobile bicycle. 
     There is especially a lot of ankle and knee-injuries in a majority of athletics and sports. The injuries are often complicated, difficult and take long time to rehabilitate. During rehabilitation of leg injuries walking and running is limited and exercise is often supplied using training apparatus such as bicycles. 
     However, not everybody can or has the opportunity to go for a bicycle ride on road or off road. On the market exists a number of training apparatus for indoor use, as ergometer cycles or spinning cycles. However these apparatus do not provide any system for instability and do not give any good simulation of riding on road or track as when bicycling. Use of such ergometer cycles or spinning cycles gives a person monotonous movement and gives little exercise of muscles which strengthen joints and which contribute to increased balance. 
     One of the inventors earlier PCT application with publication number WO 00/68067, describes a pedal with tilt function, the pedal rotatable attached to a crank arm on apparatus for physical exercise, for example a bicycle or other exercise apparatus utilizing a rotatable crank. In long terms, use of such a pedal solution will provide for unique advantages to the user regarding rehabilitation and prevention of injuries and together further dynamic skills to the user. 
     As such the inventor wants to show how a complete training apparatus in the form of an exercise bicycle is designed with functions of instability to stimulate a users strength and balance in legs, hips, and back. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention is an indoor stationary exercise bicycle, which includes a first lower frame stable relative to a floor, which supports a second upper frame. The supper frame has a seat, crank and pedals connected to a flywheel with means of resistance. The upper frame has an adjustable tilt movement relative the lower frame crosswise the overall length of the apparatus and the flywheel&#39;s revolving motion. A steering gear is guided through the upper frame where a prolonged part of the steering gear is in contact with the floor, the part having a wheel suspension like design consisting of wheels or rollers and dampers or shock absorbers and/or springs. Stabilizing of the upper frame is done by movement of the steering gear. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The features of the invention will be described with reference to accompanying drawings, which illustrates preferred embodiments of the invention by example and in which; 
         FIG. 1  shows in perspective view the exercise bicycle according to the invention; 
         FIGS. 2 and 3  show another perspective view of the invention with the axis of tilt; 
         FIG. 4   a - 4   b  show the functionality of the invention; 
         FIG. 5  shows a detail of a first embodiment of a “wheel suspension”; 
         FIG. 6  shows a detail of a second embodiment of a “wheel suspension”; 
         FIG. 7  shows a detail of a third embodiment of a “wheel suspension”; 
         FIG. 8  shows the invention with a mechanism for adjusting the tilt function. 
         FIG. 9  shows the invention with means for operating its functions. 
         FIG. 10  shows a block schematic which illustrates the relation between the components within the invention. 
         FIG. 11   a - 11   b  show a pedal with tilt function. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     As described in the inventor&#39;s earlier applications, exercise during controlled instability provides positive health results and qualities to a person&#39;s muscles, tendons and overall balance of the body, both during strength training and during rehabilitation after an injury. The following description will show how an exercise apparatus in the form of an exercise bicycle for indoor use is designed to give a person simulated experience as if using a more ordinary mobile bicycle. 
       FIG. 1  show an exercise apparatus representing an indoor stationary exercise bicycle, including a first lower frame  1  stable relative to a floor, which supports a second upper frame  2 , which is tiltable attached to the first frame  1 . As shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3  the second upper frame  2  is tiltable through axis  4  relative to the first lower frame and the floor, bearings (not shown) connecting the two frames  1  and  2  are positioned in the forward  5  and rear  6  part of the frames, the bearings being of for example slide bearings or ball bearings. Tilt motion is indicated by arrow  7 . A flywheel  10  is rotatable fastened to the upper frame  2  connected to drive means, as a belt or a chain  11  which via a cog or sprocket  12  transfers motion to the flywheel through a crank  13  with pedals  14  and  15 . The drive means are mechanically similar to that of prior art and is therefore not shown in more detail on the figures thus will not be commented any further. A seat  17  is fixed on the upper frame  2  in a, familiar manner. 
     An additional feature to the tilt motion is achieved by including means for adjusting the height between frames  1  and  2  at locations  5  and  6 . As shown by arrows  16 - 16 ′ the angle is made variable on axis  4  as indicated by numbers  18  and  19 . This is made possible when support part of lower frame  1  has two support parts  20  and  21 , which are adjustable in the vertical direction. Support parts  20  and  21  may be hydraulic cylinders, or rotatable worm gears or threaded bolts, which are adjusted manually or by use of auto assisted mechanics as for example a pump or electric motor. Further explanation of this is described with regards to  FIG. 10  below. 
     Regarding  FIG. 4  the system of balance control and stabilization of the exercise apparatus according to the invention will be described. The apparatus has a steering gear and handlebar  23  where a steering rod  24  is able to turn as indicated by arrows  25 , and moveable in the direction of length as indicated by arrow  26 , relative to the upper frame  2 . To the lower part of and on two sides of the steering rod  24  is movable fastened two cylindrical dampers  28  and  29 , the dampers either being of hydraulic type or gas type. 
     As disclosed in  FIGS. 1-4   a  and from detail in  FIG. 5  two wheels  30  and  31  is rotatable fastened on linkage bars  32  and  33 , which are movable hinged on two sides and at end portion of steering rod  24  in joint  34 . Dampers  28  and  29  are located between steering rod  24 , at joint  34 ′, and to linkage bars  32  and  33  at joints  36  and  37 . This forms a movable wheel suspension like unit  35 , where wheels  30  and  31  always are in contact with the floor. 
     As shown on  FIG. 4   a  the steering rod  24  is also slideable relative to the upper frame  2  as indicated by arrow  26 , where this movement is resilient the rod being in connection with spring  27 . 
       FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b  shows the exercise bicycle in a tilted situation where steering gear is turned towards the direction of tilt. In use the top frame  2  of the exercise bicycle will tend to tilt to one or the other direction. As for a mobile bicycle with two wheels a user will turn the handlebar  23  in the direction the upper frame  2  tends to tilt so to balance the frame in an upright position, the wheels  31  and  30  of the suspension unit  35 , are at all time are in contact with the floor. Dampers  28  and  29  provides flexibility, instability and tilt motion of the upper frame  2 , the movements controlled by turning steering gear  23  and thus suspension unit  35 . Tilt of the upper frame  2  compresses one of the dampers  28  or  29  to a level where the dampers stop the tilt motion. Turning of the steering gear forces to further shorten one of the dampers, but when the damper is fully compressed it gives no room for further turning of steering gear without forcing the upper frame  2  in an upright position. 
     The suspension unit  25  of the exercise bicycle as shown on  FIGS. 1 to 5  has wheels  30  and  31 .  FIG. 6  show the suspension unit where wheels are exchanged with balls  40  and  41 , which are positioned in cup like supports  42  and  43 .  FIG. 7  shows suspension unit with turnable wheels  44  and  45 , similar to that found on office chairs. 
     The exercise bicycle is most unstable when the flywheel  10  is static or is slowly revolving. When speed of revolution increases the gyroscopic effect of the flywheel will provide a stabilizing effect of the exercise bicycle, and the need for stabilizing the tilt movement of the upper frame  2  by turning of the handlebar is at a minimum. A user may also stabilize the exercise bicycle by distributing its weight on either side of the frame sitting or standing whilst pedaling. The use is in other words familiar to anyone mastering the technique of using any two-wheeled mobile bicycle. 
     For a user of the exercise bicycle according to the invention it would be advantageous to have the option to adjust its tilt function or simply to lock the upper frame  2  in a fixed position if the tilt function is not desired. 
     Users who share one exercise bicycle may be of different size and weight and it would therefore be necessary to adapt the tilt movement of the upper frame.  FIG. 8  shows an exercise bicycle according to the invention where dampers  28  and  29  are of hydraulic type and coupled to a fluid reservoir or tank  50  with hoses  51  and  52 . The tank is coupled with a pump and lever  54 , which is located on the steering gear  23  of the apparatus. The hydraulic system is also coupled with a pressure gauge  55 . The user may with this system adjust the pressure in the dampers  28  and  29  by use of lever  54 , which adjusts the flexibility of the dampers and the upper frame  2  level of tilt from a locked position to a fully unstable and tiltable situation. 
     The apparatus may also be assisted of technical means, which provides for an auto-assisted adjustment of the tilt function.  FIG. 9  shows the exercise apparatus where dampers  28  and  29  are part of a hydraulic system. The dampers are coupled with hoses  51  and  52  to tank  58  and pump  57 . Pump  57  is preferably assisted by an electric motor. The exercise apparatus has a computer unit (CPU)  60 , which is the control unit for the functions within the apparatus. An interface console  61 , and means of display  62 , or preferably a touch screen, is connected with a CPU  60 . The CPU is programmed to show a menu on the screen so the user easily can set the function of the apparatus. From CPU  60  a cable  64  is connected to pump  57  in order to control the hydraulic system. 
     The users may from the interface console set desired level of instability. The exercise bicycle has also a system providing resistance to the rotation of the flywheel, thus creating resistance to the user of the apparatus. The mechanism, here indicated by number  70 , may be of prior art of which technical means is used on ergometer cycles and spinning cycles today on the market. Usually this being a kind of braking system using a belt or brake shoe on a wheel or disc surface, or of an electromagnetic system which affects directly the flywheel, such as an eddie current brake system. 
       FIG. 10  shows a block schematic, which illustrates the relation between the different components within the exercise apparatus and control system also commented above regarding  FIG. 9 . Upper frame  2  is influenced by dampers  28  and  29 , which again is part of a hydraulic system, consisting of tank  58  with hydraulic fluid (for example, oil), a pump  57  and activator  56 . From the CPU  60 , signals are sent to an activator  56  which can start pump  57 , which increases pressures of dampers  28  and  29 . The pressure may be lowered opening valve  59 , also controlled by activator  56 . If the incline and decline function as explained relative to  FIG. 3 , dampers  64  and  65  are coupled with the hydraulic system. This applies to a function making different angles of the upper frame  2  for simulating a movement of the exercise apparatus cycling up and down hill, as for a mobile bicycle on road or in terrain. Dampers  64  and  65  may be replaced with motor assisted threaded bolts or cylinders, coupled with an activator and CPU. 
     The mechanism creating resistance  70  is coupled to CPU  60  which through interface console  61  and screen  62  the user may adjust the exercise apparatus to the desired resistance. The exercise apparatus also has a sensor  66  which measures the revolutions of the flywheel  10 , and which is connected to the CPU  60  for computing the revolutions to simulate distance, and to compute the amount of training relative to a time unit. 
     The exercise apparatus according to the invention as shown in  FIG. 10  provides the user with an indoor exercise bicycle which simulate a two wheeled mobile bicycle which during use is easy to adjust according to the user&#39;s needs and desires of instability and resistance. The CPU may also have programs, which automatically controls the exercise apparatus functions, and which can give a user exercise programs which simulate biking on different tracks and terrains. 
       FIG. 11   a - 11   b  show pedals with one normal pedal surface  80  and one tiltable surface  81 , which tilts across the rotatable pedal axle  82 . Arrow  83  indicates tilt direction. This kind of pedal is disclosed in the inventor&#39;s publication WO 00/68067. Utilizing such a pedal on the exercise apparatus according to the invention here described will provide the user with increased exercise effect in legs and ankles as the pedals will provide for an extra dimension of instability. 
     An unstable exercise apparatus according to the invention will provide the user with advantages in regards to rehabilitation and prevention of injuries, and provide as means for increasing balancing skills.