Abstract:
A transmission gearing arrangement has four simple planetary gear sets and five or six shift elements. One embodiment has three brakes and three clutches and produces nine forward speeds by selective engagement of various combinations of three of the shift elements. A second embodiment has two brakes and four clutches and produces nine forward speeds by selective engagement of various combinations of three of the shift elements. A third embodiment has two brakes and three clutches and produces seven forward speeds by selective engagement of various combinations of two of the shift elements. Each embodiment may optionally include a passive one way brake that simplifies the control of certain shifts.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This disclosure relates to the field of automatic transmissions for motor vehicles. More particularly, the disclosure pertains to an arrangement of gears, clutches, and the interconnections among them in a power transmission. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Many vehicles are used over a wide range of vehicle speeds, including both forward and reverse movement. Some types of engines, however, are capable of operating efficiently only within a narrow range of speeds. Consequently, transmissions capable of efficiently transmitting power at a variety of speed ratios are frequently employed. When the vehicle is at low speed, the transmission is usually operated at a high speed ratio such that it multiplies the engine torque for improved acceleration. At high vehicle speed, operating the transmission at a low speed ratio permits an engine speed associated with quiet, fuel efficient cruising. Typically, a transmission has a housing mounted to the vehicle structure, an input shaft driven by an engine crankshaft, and an output shaft driving the vehicle wheels, often via a differential assembly which permits the left and right wheel to rotate at slightly different speeds as the vehicle turns. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a first transmission gearing arrangement. 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram of a second transmission gearing arrangement. 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of a third transmission gearing arrangement. 
     
    
    
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     In a transmission, four gearing arrangements impose specified speed relationships among an input, an output, and first through fourth shafts. A first gearing arrangement selectively imposes a linear speed relationship among the input, the first shaft, and the second shaft. The first gearing arrangement may be, for example, a simple planetary gear set having a sun gear selectively coupled to the input by a clutch, a ring gear fixedly coupled to the second shaft, and a carrier fixedly coupled to the first shaft. As another example, the first gearing arrangement may be a simple planetary gear set having a sun gear fixedly coupled to the input, a ring gear selectively coupled to the second shaft by a clutch, and a carrier fixedly coupled to the first shaft. A second gearing arrangement fixedly imposes a linear speed relationship among the second shaft, the third shaft, and the fourth shaft. The second gearing arrangement may be, for example, a simple planetary gear set having a sun gear fixedly coupled to the second shaft, a ring gear fixedly coupled to the fourth shaft, and a carrier fixedly coupled to the third shaft. A third gearing arrangement fixedly imposes a linear speed relationship among the input, the output, and the fourth shaft. The third gearing arrangement may be, for example, a simple planetary gear set having a sun gear fixedly coupled to the input, a ring gear fixedly coupled to the fourth shaft, and a carrier fixedly coupled to the output. Finally, a fourth gearing arrangement selectively imposes a proportional speed relationship between the second shaft and the output. The fourth gearing arrangement may be, for example, a simple planetary gear set having a sun gear selectively held against rotation by a brake, a ring gear fixedly coupled to the output, and a carrier fixedly coupled to the second shaft. As another example, the fourth gearing arrangement may be a simple planetary gear set having a sun gear fixedly coupled to a housing, a ring gear fixedly coupled to the output, and a carrier selectively coupled to the second shaft by a clutch. The transmission may further include brakes selectively holding the first shaft and the second shaft, respectively, against rotation. Clutches may selectively couple the third shaft to the first shaft and the input, respectively. 
     In another embodiment, four gearing arrangements impose specified speed relationships among an input and first through sixth shafts. A first gearing arrangement imposes, either fixedly or selectively, a linear speed relationship among the input, the first shaft, and the second shaft. A second gearing arrangement fixedly imposes a linear speed relationship among the second shaft, the third shaft, and the fourth shaft. A third gearing arrangement fixedly imposes a linear speed relationship among the input, the fifth shaft, and the fourth shaft. Finally, a fourth gearing arrangement fixedly imposes an overdrive relationship between the sixth shaft and the fifth shaft. An output may be fixedly coupled to either the fifth shaft or the sixth shaft. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein. It is to be understood, however, that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples and other embodiments can take various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features could be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention. As those of ordinary skill in the art will understand, various features illustrated and described with reference to any one of the figures can be combined with features illustrated in one or more other figures to produce embodiments that are not explicitly illustrated or described. The combinations of features illustrated provide representative embodiments for typical applications. Various combinations and modifications of the features consistent with the teachings of this disclosure, however, could be desired for particular applications or implementations. 
     A group of rotating elements are fixedly coupled to one another if they are constrained to rotate as a unit in all operating conditions. Rotating elements can be fixedly coupled by spline connections, welding, press fitting, machining from a common solid, or other means. Slight variations in rotational displacement between fixedly coupled elements can occur such as displacement due to lash or shaft compliance. One or more rotating elements that are all fixedly coupled to one another may be called a shaft. In contrast, two rotating elements are selectively coupled by a shift element when the shift element constrains them to rotate as a unit whenever it is fully engaged and they are free to rotate at distinct speeds in at least some other operating condition. A shift element that holds a rotating element against rotation by selectively connecting it to the housing is called a brake. A shift element that selectively couples two or more rotating elements to one another is called a clutch. Shift elements may be actively controlled devices such as hydraulically or electrically actuated clutches or brakes or may be passive devices such as one way clutches or brakes. Shift elements may be positive engagement devices such as dog clutches or friction devices capable of transmitting torque between elements in the presence of relative rotation. Two rotating elements are coupled if they are either fixedly coupled or selectively coupled. 
     A gearing arrangement is a collection of gearing elements and shift elements configured to impose specified speed relationships among a set of shafts. Some speed relationships, called fixed speed relationships, are imposed regardless of the state of any shift elements. Other speed relationships, called selective speed relationships, are imposed only when particular shift elements are fully engaged. The speed of a shaft is positive when the shaft rotates in one direction and negative when the shaft rotates in the opposite direction. A proportional speed relationship exists between a first shaft and a second shaft when the ratio of their speeds is constrained to be a predetermined value. A proportional speed relationship between a first shaft and a second shaft is an underdrive relationship if the ratio of the second shaft speed to the first shaft speed is between zero and one. Similarly, a proportional speed relationship between a first shaft and a second shaft is an overdrive relationship if the ratio of the second shaft speed to the first shaft speed is greater than one. A linear speed relationship exists among an ordered list of shafts when i) the first and last shaft in the ordered list are constrained to have the most extreme speeds, ii) the speeds of the remaining shafts are each constrained to be a weighted average of the speeds of the first and last shafts, and iii) when the speeds of the shafts differ, they are constrained to be in the listed order, either increasing or decreasing. 
       FIG. 1  depicts a transmission that provides nine forward and one reverse speed ratios between input  10  and output  12 . Input  10  may be driven by an internal combustion engine or other prime mover. A launch device such as a torque converter or launch clutch may be employed between the prime mover and input  10  permitting the engine to idle while the vehicle is stationary and a transmission ratio is selected. Output  12  drives the vehicle wheels, preferably via a differential that allows a slight speed difference between left and right wheels while the vehicle goes around a corner. 
     The transmission of  FIG. 1  utilizes four simple planetary gear sets  20 ,  30 ,  40 , and  50 . A planet carrier  22  rotates about a central axis and supports a set of planet gears  24  such that the planet gears rotate with respect to the planet carrier. External gear teeth on the planet gears mesh with external gear teeth on a sun gear  26  and with internal gear teeth on a ring gear  28 . The sun gear and ring gear are supported to rotate about the same axis as the carrier. Gear sets  30 ,  40 , and  50  are similarly structured. A suggested ratio of gear teeth for each planetary gear set is listed in Table 1. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Ring 28/Sun 26 
                 3.686 
               
               
                   
                 Ring 38/Sun 36 
                 1.500 
               
               
                   
                 Ring 48/Sun 46 
                 2.347 
               
               
                   
                 Ring 58/Sun 56 
                 2.749 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     A simple planetary gear set is a type of gearing arrangement that imposes a fixed linear speed relationship among the sun gear, the planet carrier, and the ring gear. Other known types of gearing arrangements also impose a fixed linear speed relationship among three rotating elements. For example, a double pinion planetary gear set imposes a fixed linear speed relationship among the sun gear, the ring gear, and the planet carrier. 
     Sun gear  46  is fixedly coupled to input  10 . Carrier  22  forms a first shaft. Ring gear  28 , sun gear  36 , and carrier  52  are mutually fixedly coupled forming a second shaft. Carrier  32  forms a third shaft. Ring gear  38  is fixedly coupled to ring gear  48  forming a fourth shaft. Finally, carrier  48  and ring gear  58  are fixedly coupled to output  12 . Brake  60  selectively couples sun gear  56  to housing  14  to selectively hold sun gear  56  against rotation. Input  10  is selectively coupled to sun gear  26  by clutch  62  and selectively coupled to carrier  32  by clutch  70 . Carrier  22  is selectively held against rotation by brake  64  and selectively coupled to carrier  32  by clutch  66 . The second shaft is selectively held against rotation by brake  68 . Optional one-way-brake  72  passively holds carrier  22  against rotation in a reverse direction, opposite the normal rotation of input shaft  10 , while permitting rotation in a positive direction. 
     Various subsets of the gearing arrangement of  FIG. 1  impose particular speed relationships. Gear set  20  and clutch  62  selectively impose a linear speed relationship among input  10 , carrier  22 , and ring gear  28 . Gear set  50  and brake  60  selectively impose an overdrive relationship between carrier  52  and output  12 . 
     As shown in Table 2, engaging the shift elements in combinations of three establishes nine forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio between input  10  and output  12 . An X indicates that the shift element is required to establish the power transfer path. An (X) indicates that the shift element may be engaged in that speed ratio but is not required to establish the power transfer path. For example, brake  60  and clutch  70  are sufficient to establish the power flow path associated with 7th gear. Any one of the remaining shift element may be engaged. Engaging clutch  62  is suggested because that permits making most shifts with only one oncoming and one offgoing shift element. If optional one-way-brake  72  is present, it will engage in the first three forward ratios, making engagement of brake  64  unnecessary to transfer power from the input to the output. Brake  64  must be engaged in these ratios to transfer power from the output to the input. When the gear sets have tooth numbers as indicated in Table 1, the speed ratios have the values indicated in Table 2. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 62 
                 64/72 
                 66 
                 68 
                 70 
                 Ratio 
                 Step 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Rev 
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
                 −2.70 
                 60% 
               
               
                 1 st   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
                 4.49 
               
               
                 2 nd   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                 3.35 
                 1.34 
               
               
                 3 rd   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
                 2.35 
                 1.42 
               
               
                 4 th   
                   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                 1.82 
                 1.29 
               
               
                 5 th   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
                 1.22 
                 1.50 
               
               
                 6 th   
                   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 1.00 
                 1.22 
               
               
                 7 th   
                 X 
                 (X) 
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 0.92 
                 1.09 
               
               
                 8 th   
                   
                 (X) 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 0.68 
                 1.34 
               
               
                 9 th   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 0.63 
                 1.09 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In operation, brakes  60  and  64  may be engaged while the vehicle is in park. If the driver then selects reverse, clutch  62  is engaged. If the driver shifts from park to drive, clutch  66  is engaged. If optional one-way-brake  72  is present, clutch  64  may be released in drive. All single and two step shifts are accomplished by gradually releasing one shift element while gradually engaging another shift element. If one-way-brake  72  is present, then it will release passively during any upshift from 1st-3rd gears to a gear higher than 3rd. 
       FIG. 2  depicts a transmission that provides nine forward and one reverse speed ratios between input  10  and output  12 . The transmission of  FIG. 2  utilizes four simple planetary gear sets  20 ,  30 ,  40 , and  50 . A suggested ratio of gear teeth for each planetary gear set is listed in Table 1. 
     Sun gears  26  and  46  are fixedly coupled to input  10 . Carrier  22  forms a first shaft. Sun gear  36  forms a second shaft. Carrier  32  forms a third shaft. Ring gear  38  is fixedly coupled to ring gear  48  forming a fourth shaft. Carrier  48  and ring gear  58  are fixedly coupled forming a fifth shaft. Carrier  52  forms a sixth shaft. Output  12  is fixedly coupled to the fifth shaft. Sun gear  56  is fixedly held against rotation. Carrier  22  is selectively held against rotation by brake  64  and selectively coupled to the third shaft by clutch  66 . Optional one-way-brake  72  passively holds carrier  22  against rotation in a reverse direction while permitting rotation in a positive direction. Clutch  70  selectively couples input shaft  10  to the third shaft. The second shaft is selectively held against rotation by brake  68 , selectively coupled to the sixth shaft by clutch  74 , and selectively coupled to ring gear  28  by clutch  76 . 
     Various subsets of the gearing arrangement of  FIG. 2  impose particular speed relationships. Gear set  20  and clutch  76  selectively impose a linear speed relationship among input  10 , the first shaft, and the second shaft. Gear set  50  fixedly imposes an overdrive relationship between the sixth shaft and the fifth shaft. A fixed overdrive relationship could, alternatively, be imposed by, for example, axis transfer gearing between the fifth and sixth shafts and a shaft on another axis. Gear set  50  and clutch  74  selectively impose an overdrive relationship between the second shaft and output  12 . 
     As shown in Table 3, engaging the shift elements in combinations of three establishes nine forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio between input  10  and output  12 . When the gear sets have tooth numbers as indicated in Table 1, the speed ratios have the values indicated in Table 3. Operation of the transmission of  FIG. 2  is analogous to the transmission of  FIG. 1  as described above. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 64/72 
                 66 
                 68 
                 70 
                 74 
                 76 
                 Ratio 
                 Step 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Rev 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 −2.70 
                 60% 
               
               
                 1 st   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
                 4.49 
               
               
                 2 nd   
                 X 
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
                 3.35 
                 1.34 
               
               
                 3 rd   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 2.35 
                 1.42 
               
               
                 4 th   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 1.82 
                 1.29 
               
               
                 5 th   
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 1.22 
                 1.50 
               
               
                 6 th   
                   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 1.00 
                 1.22 
               
               
                 7 th   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 (X) 
                 0.92 
                 1.09 
               
               
                 8 th   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                 (X) 
                 0.68 
                 1.34 
               
               
                 9 th   
                 X 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                 0.63 
                 1.09 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       FIG. 3  depicts a transmission that provides seven forward and one reverse speed ratios between input  10  and output  12 . The transmission of  FIG. 3  utilizes four simple planetary gear sets  20 ,  30 ,  40 , and  50 . A suggested ratio of gear teeth for each planetary gear set is listed in Table 4. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Ring 28/Sun 26 
                 3.000 
               
               
                   
                 Ring 38/Sun 36 
                 1.500 
               
               
                   
                 Ring 48/Sun 46 
                 3.000 
               
               
                   
                 Ring 58/Sun 56 
                 2.000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Sun gears  26  and  46  are fixedly coupled to input  10 . Carrier  22  forms a first shaft. Ring gear  28  and sun gear  36  are fixedly coupled forming a second shaft. Carrier  32  forms a third shaft. Ring gear  38  is fixedly coupled to ring gear  48  forming a fourth shaft. Carrier  48  and ring gear  58  are fixedly coupled forming a fifth shaft. Carrier  52  forms a sixth shaft. Output  12  is fixedly coupled to the sixth shaft. Sun gear  56  is fixedly held against rotation. Carrier  22  is selectively held against rotation by brake  64  and selectively coupled to the third shaft by clutch  66 . Optional one-way-brake  72  passively holds carrier  22  against rotation in a reverse direction while permitting rotation in a positive direction. Clutch  70  selectively couples input shaft  10  to the third shaft. The second shaft is selectively held against rotation by brake  68  and selectively coupled to the sixth shaft by clutch  74 . 
     As shown in Table 5, engaging the shift elements in combinations of two establishes seven forward speed ratios and one reverse speed ratio between input  10  and output  12 . When the gear sets have tooth numbers as indicated in Table 5, the speed ratios have the values indicated in Table 5. Operation of the transmission of  FIG. 3  is analogous to the transmission of  FIG. 1  as described above. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 64/72 
                 66 
                 68 
                 70 
                 74 
                 Ratio 
                 Step 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Rev 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 −3.00 
                 83% 
               
               
                   
                 1 st   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
                   
                 3.60 
               
               
                   
                 2 nd   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                   
                 2.67 
                 1.35 
               
               
                   
                 3 rd   
                   
                 X 
                   
                   
                 X 
                 1.89 
                 1.41 
               
               
                   
                 4 th   
                   
                 X 
                   
                 X 
                   
                 1.50 
                 1.26 
               
               
                   
                 5 th   
                   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                 1.33 
                 1.13 
               
               
                   
                 6 th   
                   
                   
                 X 
                 X 
                   
                 1.00 
                 1.33 
               
               
                   
                 7 th   
                 X 
                   
                   
                 X 
                   
                 0.90 
                 1.11 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     While exemplary embodiments are described above, it is not intended that these embodiments describe all possible forms encompassed by the claims. The words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. As previously described, the features of various embodiments can be combined to form further embodiments of the invention that may not be explicitly described or illustrated. While various embodiments could have been described as providing advantages or being preferred over other embodiments or prior art implementations with respect to one or more desired characteristics, those of ordinary skill in the art recognize that one or more features or characteristics can be compromised to achieve desired overall system attributes, which depend on the specific application and implementation. These attributes can include, but are not limited to cost, strength, durability, life cycle cost, marketability, appearance, packaging, size, serviceability, weight, manufacturability, ease of assembly, etc. As such, embodiments described as less desirable than other embodiments or prior art implementations with respect to one or more characteristics are not outside the scope of the disclosure and can be desirable for particular applications.