Abstract:
The present invention is drawn to a novel DNA construct comprising an expression cassette having a constitutive promoter which functions in plant cells operably linked to a maize alcohol dehydrogenase intron, a DNA sequence of a gene encoding a Cry 1Ab protein, and a terminator functional in plants and optionally further comprising a second cassette including a promoter which functions in plants operably linked to a maize alcohol dehydrogenase intron, a DNA sequence of a gene encoding for phosphinothricin acetyl transferase, and a terminator functional in plants wherein the two cassettes are transcribed in the same direction. Also provided are transgenic plants, particularly maize plants, having such a construct stably incorporated into their genomes.

Description:
“This application” and “claims the benefits” —is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/042,426, filed Mar. 13, 1998, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, which. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a novel promoter, a novel DNA construct containing the promoter and a Bt gene, and plants, especially corn plants, containing the novel DNA construct. 
       Bacillus thuringiensis  (Bt) belongs to a large group of gram-positive, aerobic, endospore forming bacteria. During sporulation, these specific bacteria produce a parasporal inclusion body which is composed of insecticidally active crystalline protoxins, also referred to as δ-endotoxins. 
     These endotoxins are responsible for the toxicity of  Bacillus thuringiensis  to insects. The endotoxins of the various  Bacillus thuringiensis  strains are characterized by high specificity with respect to target organisms. With the introduction of genetic engineering it has become possible to create recombinant Bt strains which may contain a chosen array of insect toxin genes, thereby enhancing the degree of insecticidal activity against a particular insect pest. 
     The insecticidal crystal proteins from Bt have been classified based upon their spectrum of activity and sequence similarity (Hofte and Whiteley, Microbiol. Rev., 1989, 53:242-255 and Yamamoto and Powell, Advanced Engineered Pesticides, 1993, 3-42). Hofte and Whiteley published a classification scheme for the cry genes. Type I genes were considered active only against Lepidoptera species; Type II genes were active against Lepidoptera and Diptera species; Type III genes were active against Coleoptera species and Type IV genes included both 70- and 130-kDa crystal protein and were highly active against mosquito and blackfly larvae. However, since this original classification many novel cry genes have been cloned and sequenced demonstrating that the original system based on insect specificity required modification. A classification based on sequence homology along with new nomenclature based solely on amino acid identity has been proposed. (See Crickmore et al., Abstracts 28th Ann. Meeting Soc. Invert. Path. (1995), p 14, Soc. Invert. Path., Bethesda Md.). 
     In this invention, the Cry proteins which are particularly effective against Lepidoptera species are preferred. These proteins are encoded by the following nonlimiting group of genes: cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1B, cry1C, cry1D, cry1E, cry1F, cry1G, cry2A, cry9C, cry5 and fusion proteins thereof. Among the cry genes, cry1Aa, cry1Ab, and cry1Ac show more than 80% amino acid identity and cry1Ab appears to be one of the most widely distributed cry genes. The Cry1Ab proteins are particularly effective against larvae of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). 
     The ingestion of these proteins, and in some cases the spores, by the target insect is a prerequisite for insecticidal activity. The proteins are solubilized in the alkaline conditions of the insect gut and proteolytically cleaved to form core fragments which are toxic to the insect. The core fragment specifically damages the cells of the midgut lining, affecting the osmotic balance. The cells swell and lyse, leading to eventual death of the insect. 
     A specific Lepidoptera insect,  Ostrinia nubilalis  (European corn borer (ECB)), causes significant yearly decrease in corn yield in North America. One study reveales that approximately 10% of the corn acres planted in the State of Illinois experienced a 9 to 15 percent annual yield loss, attributable solely to damage caused by the second generation of corn borer. Other important lepidopteran insect pests of corn include  Diatraea grandiosella  (Southwestern Corn Borer),  Helicoverpa zea  (Corn Earworm) and  Spodoptera frugiperda  (Fall Armyworm). The management practices of planting resistant or tolerant corn hybrids and treatment with chemical and microbial insecticides have not been satisfactory due to the low level of control provided by insecticidal treatments and the lack of hybrid lines resistant to second generation corn borers. Further tolerant and resistant hybrids often do not yield as well when infestation of ECBs are heavy. The use of corn genetically engineered to be resistant to specific corn insect pests has many advantages and these include a potential for substantial reduction in chemical insecticides and selective activity of the engineered endotoxin which will not disrupt the population of beneficial non-target insect and animals. 
     Toxic Bt genes from several subspecies of Bt have been cloned and recombinant clones have been found to be toxic to lepidopteran, dipteran and coleopteran insect larvae. However, in general, the expression of full length lepidopteran specific Bt genes has been less than satisfactory in transgenic plants (Vaeck et al, 1987 and Barton et al, 1987). It has been reported that the truncated gene from Bt kurstaki may lead to a higher frequency of insecticidal control. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,365). Modification of the existing coding sequence by inclusion of plant preferred codons including removal of ATTTA sequences and polyadenylation signals has increase expression of the toxin proteins in plants. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,365). In the present invention a truncated Bt kurstaki HD-l gene has been used. 
     The instant invention additionally includes a second coding segment. The second coding segment comprises a DNA sequence encoding a selective marker for example, antibiotic or herbicide resistance including cat (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase), npt II (neomycin phosphototransferase II), PAT (phosphinothricin acetyltransferase), ALS (acetolactate synthetase), EPSPS (5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase), and bxn (bromoxynil-specific nitrilase). A preferred marker sequence is a DNA sequence encoding a selective marker for herbicide resistance and most particularly a protein having enzymatic activity capable of inactivating or neutralizing herbicidal inhibitors of glutamine synthetase. The non-selective herbicide known as glufosinate (BASTA® or LIBERTY®) is an inhibitor of the enzyme glutamine synthetase. It has been found that naturally occurring genes or synthetic genes can encode the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) responsible for the inactivation of the herbicide. Such genes have been isolated from Streptomyces. These genes including those that have been isolated or synthesized are also frequently referred to as bar genes. As used herein the terms “bar gene” and “pat gene” are used interchangeably. These genes have been cloned and modified for transformation and expression in plants (EPA 469 273 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,561,236). Through the incorporation of the pat gene, corn plants and their offspring can become resistant against phosphinothricin (glufosinate). 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 represents a plasmid map of pZO960 which contains the Bt kurstaki expression cassette. 
     FIG. 2 represents a plasmid map of the base transformation vector pZO997 
     FIG. 3 represents a plasmid map of pZO1500 which contains the PAT cassette. 
     FIG. 4 represents a plasmid map of the (expression/ transformation) vector pZO 1502 which contains the Bt kurstaki cassette and the PAT cassette. 
    
    
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is drawn to a novel recombinant DNA construct comprising an expression cassette includes a constitutive promoter which functions in plant cells operably linked to an intron that functions in monocots; a DNA sequence of a gene encoding an insecticidal  Bacillus thuringiensis  protein toxin; and a terminator functional in plants; and optionally further comprises a second cassette which includes a promoter which functions in plant cells operably linked to an intron that functions in monocots; a DNA sequence of a gene encoding for phosphinothricin acetyl transferase; and a terminator functional in plants, wherein the two cassettes are transcribed in the same direction. 
     Therefore a first aspect of the present invention is a DNA construct which expresses the crystal protein toxin of a Bt effective against Lepidopteran insects at relatively high levels and further provides resistance to the non-selective herbicide glufosinate. 
     A second aspect of the invention is a plant transformation vector comprising the DNA construct as given above. 
     A third aspect of the present invention comprises a transformed plant cell including the DNA construct as given above wherein the DNA is stably incorporated in the plant genome. 
     A fourth aspect of the invention is a plant comprising transformed plant cells wherein the DNA construct as given above is stably incorporated into the genome of the plant. 
     The invention further encompasses plant seeds having the DNA construct as given above stably incorporated therein. 
     Another aspect of the invention includes a plant cell co-transformed with a first nucleic acid construct comprising, a CAMV 35S constitutive promoter which functions in plant cells operably linked to a maize alcohol dehydrogenase intron, a DNA sequence of a gene encoding a Cry1Ab protein toxin or a functionally related protein toxin, and a terminator functional in plants and a second nucleic acid construct comprising a CaMV 35S promoter which functions in plant cells operably linked to a maize alcohol dehydrogenase intron, a DNA sequence of a gene encoding for phosphinothricin acetyl transferase, and a terminator functional in plants wherein the first and second constructs are stably integrated in the plant genome. 
     The DNA construct of the invention preferably is an expression cassette functional in a plant comprising a promoter functional in plants, for example a CaMV 35S promoter, e.g., as disclosed in SEQ ID No. 1 or 5, preferably SEQ ID No. 1, operably linked to an intron which functions in monocots, for example a maize alcohol dehydrogenase intron, e.g., as disclosed in SEQ ID No. 2 or 6, preferably SEQ ID No. 2. This promoter/intron sequence is operably linked to a DNA sequence of interest, for example a gene encoding a Bt delta-δ-endotoxin, e.g., encoding the toxin domain of a Cry1Ab protein or a functionally related toxin protein, preferably modified for expression in plants, for example as depicted in SEQ ID No. 3, or a gene for a selectable marker, for example a gene for herbicide resistance, preferably glufosinate resistance, for example a Pat gene, e.g., as depicted in SEQ ID No. 7. The gene of interest is suitably linked to a terminator functional in plants, e.g. a Nos terminator, for example as disclosed in SEQ ID No. 4 or 8, preferably SEQ ID No. 4, to form an expression cassette functional in a plant. Especially preferred embodiments of the Bt expression cassette comprise SEQ ID Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 in operable sequence, e.g., as in the Btk cassette described below. Especially preferred embodiments of a Pat expression cassette comprise SEQ ID Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 8 in operable sequence. In an especially preferred embodiment, a Bt expression cassette as described herein is linked on the same DNA with a Pat expression cassette as described herein, e.g., a plasmid comprising cassettes formed by SEQ ID Nos. 1-4 and 5-8 wherein the two cassettes are transcribed in the same direction, e.g., as in plasmid pZO1502. 
     The use of such expression cassettes in a method of transforming plants, e.g., maize plants, for example a method or biolistic or protoplast transformation of maize plants, especially protoplast transformation as described in the examples herein is also provided, as are plants stably transformed with expression cassettes as described, particularly maize plants, e.g., field corn, sweet corn, white corn, silage corn and popcorn, and seed thereof. Particularly preferred are maize plants and seed thereof descended from the Bt 11 transformation event described in Example 2, for example 
     Maize containing the Btk construct described within a 15 cM region of chromosome 8, near position 117, in the approximate position of public probe UMC30a, in the interval flanked by two markers: Z1B3 and UMC150a, preferably 
     (i) elite inbred sweet corn lines R327H, R372H, R412H, R583H and R660H, 
     (ii) elite inbred field corn lines 2043Bt, 2044Bt, 2070Bt, 2100Bt, 2114Bt, 2123Bt, 2227Bt, 2184Bt, 2124Bt, and 2221Bt, and 
     (iii) maize inbred varieties descended from the same transgenic event as these lines which contain and express the same transgenic construct, 
     including seed thereof. 
     When particular inbred varieties are identified herein, it is understood that the named varieties include varieties which have the same genotypic and phenotypic characteristics as the identified varieties, i.e., are derived from a common inbred source, even if differently named. The invention also provides hybrid maize seed produced by crossing plants of an inbred corn line as described above with plants of having a different genotype, and hybrid corn plants produced by growing such hybrid maize seed. Also provided is a method of producing hybrid maize seeds comprising the following steps: 
     A. planting in pollinating proximity seeds of a first inbred maize line as described herein and seeds of a second inbred line having a different genotype; 
     B. cultivating maize plants resulting from said planting until time of flowering; 
     C. emasculating said flowers of plants of one of the maize inbred lines; 
     D. allowing pollination of the other inbred line to occur, and 
     E. harvesting the hybrid seeds produced thereby. 
     Also provided are hybrid seeds produced by this method, F1 hybrid plants produced by growing such seeds, and parts of such F1 hybrid plants, including seeds thereof. 
     Seeds of the plants described herein (e.g., of maize plants, e.g., Bt11 maize plants, for example inbred or hybrid seeds as described above) for planting purposes is preferably containerized, e.g., placed in a bag or other container for ease of handling and, transport and is preferably coated, e.g., with protective agents, e.g., safening or pesticidal agents, in particular antifungal agents and/or insecticidal agents. One particular embodiment of this invention is isolated inbred seed of the plants described herein, e.g. substantially free from hybrid seed or seed of other inbred seed, e.g., a seed lot or unit of inbred seed which is at least 95% homogeneous, e.g., isolated seed of any of the maize inbreds described in example 8 or 9 hereof. 
     Also provided herein, for the first time, are Bt maize varieties other than Bt field corn, particularly Bt sweet corn. Although Bt field corn has been disclosed, it was not previously determined experimentally whether or how a Bt delta &amp;endotoxin would interact with traits associated with sweet corn, which is harvested at an earlier maturity (before it is dry), for a different purpose (usually fresh produce, canning or freezing, for human consumption) and has been bred therefore to be qualitatively and quantitatively different from field corn in a number of respects. Therefore, in one embodiment, the invention comprises a sweet corn comprising in its genome an expression cassette comprising a coding region for a Bt delta-δ-endotoxin or functional fragment or derivative thereof, under control of a promoter operable in maize, e.g., an expression cassette as described herein. The sweet corn of the invention includes sweet or supersweet maize having a higher sugar to starch ratio than field corn (e.g., yellow dent corn) due to a reduced capacity to convert sugar into starch, typically characterized by a sugary (su, e.g., su1) allele in the case of sweet corn, and/or shrunken allele (sh, e.g., sh2) or brittle allele (bt, e.g., bt2, not to be confused with the gene for an endoxin from  Bacillus thuringiensis , described elsewhere herein) in the case of supersweet corn, especially maize containing the su1 or sh2 alleles. 
     Bt maize of the invention, e.g., Bt11 maize, is found to be particularly suited for the preparation of food materials (e.g., for human or animal consumption, for example sweet corn for for packaging or fresh use as a human food, or grain or silage made from field corn). containing reduced levels of fungal toxins, e.g., aflatoxins. While the mechanism is not entirely understood, in grain and silage made from Bt11 maize, the level of aflatoxin is believed to be lower, possibly because the reduction in insect damage reduces the level of opportunistic fungal infection in the growing plant. Accordingly, food materials made from Bt maize of the invention, particularly Bt11 maize, for example grain and silage having reduced levels of fungal toxins, particularly aflatoxins, and the use of the Bt maize of the invention in a method of preparing a foodstuff, especially grain or silage, with reduced levels of fungal toxins, e.g., aflatoxins, is also provided. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     A promoter is defined as a nucleotide sequence at the 5′ end of a structural gene which directs the initiation of transcription. The structural gene is placed under regulatory control of the promoter. Various promoters which are active in plant cells are known and described in the art. These include Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 19S and 35S; nopaline synthase (NOS); mannopine synthase (MAS); actin; ubiquitin; ZRP; chlorophyll AB binding protein (CAB); ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RUBISCO); heat shock Brassica promoter (HSP 80); and octopine synthase (OSC). The particular promoter used in the present invention should be capable of causing sufficient expression to result in production of an effective amount of protein. The promoter used in the invention may be modified to affect control characteristics and further may be a composite of segments derived from more than one source, naturally occurring or synthetic. The preferred promoters are CaMV promoters and particularly CaMV 35S. The term “CaMV 35S” includes variations of the promoter wherein the promoter may be truncated or altered to include enhancer sequences, to increase gene expression level, and composite or chimeric promoters, wherein portions of another promoter may be ligated onto the CaMV 35S. A preferred embodiment includes the 5′ untranslated region of the native 35S transcript, and more particularly wherein the untranslated region includes about 100 to 150 nucleotides. Additionally while 35S promoters are fairly homologous, any 35 S promoter in a preferred embodiment would include the untranslated region of the native 35S transcript. Particularly preferred 35S promoters are described in SEQ ID NO. 1 and SEQ ID NO. 5. The promoter as described in SEQ ID NO. 1 as part of the claimed construct may have particular advantage in that the construct may be expressed in pollen tissue. 
     An intron is a transcribed nucleotide sequence that is removed from the RNA transcript in the nucleus and is not found in the mature mRNA. Such sequences are well known in the art, and monocot introns include but are not limited to sucrose synthetase (SS); glutathione transferase; actin; and maize alcohol dehydrogenase introns. An exon is part of a gene that is transcribed into a mRNA and includes non-coding leader and/or trailer sequences. An exon may code for a specific domain of a protein. Having native exon sequences around an intron may improve the introns splicing activity or the ability of the nuclear splicesomal system to properly recognize and remove the intron. According to the invention, a preferred embodiment includes the native exon in the first cassette and more particularly 50 or more nucleotide bases of the native exon on each side of the intron is preferred. 
     A gene refers to the entire DNA sequence involved in the synthesis of a protein. The gene includes not only the structural or coding portion of the sequence but also contains a promoter region, the 3′ end and poly(A) sequences, introns and associated enhancers or regulatory sequences. 
     A structural heterologous gene is that part of a DNA segment which encodes a protein, polypeptide or a portion thereof, and one which is not. normally found in the cell or in the cellular location where it is introduced. The DNA sequence of a structural heterologous gene of the present invention include any DNA sequence encoding a crystal toxin insecticidal protein. The preferred toxins include but are not limited to Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1B, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1E, Cry1F, Cry1G, Cry2A, Cry2B, Cry3A, Cry3B, Cry3C, Cry4A, Cry4B, Cry4C, Cry4D, Cry5A, Cry9C, CytA and any fusion protein or truncated gene that encodes one or more of the abovementioned toxins or a mixture thereof. Particularly preferred toxins include Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1C, Cry2A, Cry3C, Cry1E, Cry5A, Cry9C and any mixture or fusion protein thereof. In the present specification, the term fusion protein is used interchangeably with the terms fusion toxin and hybrid protein and is a protein consisting of all or part of an amino acid sequence (known as a domain) of two or more proteins, and is formed by fusing the protein encoding genes. An example of a DNA sequence useful in the cassette of this invention is a DNA sequence encoding a fusion toxin wherein the toxin is Cry1Ab/Cry1C and Cry1EtCry1C. The domains comprising the fusion protein may be derived from either naturally occurring or synthetic sources. 
     Many cry1Ab genes have been cloned and their nucleotide sequences determined. A holotype gene sequence of cry1Ab has accession number M13898 (The GenBank v. 70/EMBL v.29). A number of studies reveal that the amino terminal end of the Cry 1A protein is responsible for the insecticidal activity. This region depends on the particular protein but in general include a truncated gene that encodes from about amino acid 25 to amino acid 610 of the protein. 
     In the present invention, a preferred cry1Ab gene includes a synthetic gene encoding the toxin domain of the protein produced by the Bt kurstaki (k) HD-1 gene wherein the G+C content of the Btk gene is increased and the polyadenylation sites and ATTTA regions are decreased. U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,365, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety discloses a synthetic Btk HD-1 and HD-73 gene, and truncated HD-1 and HD-73 genes. A particularly preferred cry1Ab gene of this invention is the sequence as described in SEQ ID NO. 3. 
     Other preferred genes include those that are functionally equivalent to cry1Ab. These genes include all cry1Ab, cry1Aa, cry1Ac and variants thereof wherein the expressed protein toxin is active against one or more major maize Lepidoptera insect pests. The insect pests include the aforementioned European corn borer, Southwestern corn borer, Fall armyworm, and Corn earworm. 
     The second structural gene that is part of the invention includes a DNA sequence encoding a selective marker for example, antibiotic or herbicide resistance including cat (chloramphenicol acetyl transferase), npt II (neomycin phosphototransferase II); PAT (phosphinothricin acetyltransferase), ALS (acetolactate synthetase), EPSPS (5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase), and bxn (bromoxynil-specific nitrilase). A preferred marker sequence is a DNA sequence encoding a selective marker for herbicide resistance and most particularly a protein having enzymatic activity capable of inactivating or neutralizing herbicidal inhibitors of glutamine synthetase. The non-selective herbicide known as glufosinate (BASTA® or LIBERTY®) is an inhibitor of the enzyme glutamine synthetase. It has been found that naturally occurring genes or synthetic genes can encode the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) responsible for the inactivation of the herbicide. Such genes have been isolated from Streptomyces. Specific species include  Streptomyces hygroscopicus  (Thompson C. J. et al., EMBO J., vol. 6:2519-2523 (1987)),  Streptomyces coelicolor (Bedford et al, Gene  104: 39-45 (1991)) and Streptomyces viridochromogenes (Wohlleben et al, Gene 80:25-57 (1988)). These genes including those that have been isolated or synthesized are also frequently referred to as bar genes. As used herein the terms “bar gene” and “pat gene” are used interchangeably. These genes have been cloned and modified for transformation and expression in plants (EPA 469 273 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,561,236). Through the incorporation of the pat gene, corn plants and their offspring can become resistant against phosphinothricin (glufosinate). A preferred coding segment of a bar gene of the present invention is the sequence described in SEQ ID NO. 7. 
     The structural gene of this invention may include one or more modifications in either the coding region or in the untranslated region which would not substantially effect the biological activity or the chemical structure of the expression product, the rate of expression or the manner of expression. These modifications include but are not limited to insertions, deletions, and substitutions of one or more nucleotides, and mutations. The term homology as used herein refers to identity or near identity of nucleotide or amino acid sequences. The extent of homology is often measured in terms of percentage of identity between the sequences being compared. It is understood in the art that modification can occur in genes and that nucleotide mismatches and minor nucleotide modifications can be tolerated and considered insignificant if the changes do not alter functionality of the final product. As in well known in the art the various cry1A genes have very similar identity and reference in made to the article by Yamamoto and Powell, Advanced Engineered Pesticides, 1993, 3-42 which includes a dendrogram table showing sequence homology among full length crystal proteins obtained from the GenBank data base for a full length comparision. 
     Termination sequences are sequences at the end of a transcription unit that signals termination of transcription. Terminators are 3′ non-translated DNA sequences that contain a polyadenylated signal. Examples of terminators are known and described in the literature. These include but are not limited to nopline synthase terminator (NOS); the 35S terminator of CaMV and the zein terminator. 
     Other elements may be introduced into the construct for examples matrix attachments region elements (MAR). These elements can be positioned around an expressible gene of interest to effect an increase in overall expression of the gene and to diminish position dependent effects upon incorporation into the plant genome. 
     Transformation means the stable integration of a DNA segment carrying the structural heterologous gene into the genome of a plant that did not previously contain that gene. Co-transformation is transformation with two or more DNA molecules. Frequently one segment contains a selectable gene generally one for antibiotic or herbicide resistance. 
     As used herein the term plant tissue is used in a wide sense and refers to differentiated and undifferentiated plant tissue including but not limited to, protoplasts, shoots, leaves, roots, pollen, seeds, callus tissue, embryos, and plant cells (including those growing or solidified medium or in suspension. 
     The DNA construct of this invention may be introduced into a plant tissue by any number of art recognized ways. These included, but are not limited to, direct transfer of DNA into whole cells, tissue or protoplasts, optionally assisted by chemical or physical agents to increase cell permeability to DNA, e.g. treatment with polyethylene glycol, dextran sulfate, electroporation and ballistic implantation of DNA coated particles. The following references further detail the methods available: Biolistic transformation or microprojectile bombardment (U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,050; U.S. Pat. No. 5,484,956; McCabe et al., Annual Rev. Genet. 22:421-477 (1988); Klein et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85:4305-4309 (1988); Klein et al., Bio/Technology 6:559-563 (1988); Gordon-Kamm et al., Plant Cell 2:603-618 (1990); and Vasil et al., Bio/Technogy 11:1553-1558 (1993); Protoplast transformation—EPA 0 292 435; EPA 0 465 875; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,350,689; microinjection—Crossway et al., BioTechniques 4: 320-334 (1986); direct gene transfer—Paszkoski et al., EMBO J. 3:2717-2722 (1984); electrotransformation—U.S. Pat. No. 5,371,003; and electroporation—Rigg et al., Proc. Natl, Acad. Sci. USA 83: 5602-5606 (1986). Transformation is also mediated by Agrobacterium strains, notably  A. tumefaciens  and  A. rhizogenes , and also by various genetically engineered transformation plasmids which include portions of the T-DNA of the tumor inducing plasmids of Agrobacteria. EPA 0 604 662A1, Japan Tobacco Inc.; Hinchee et al., BioTechnology 6: 915-921 (1988). Also see Potrykus, I. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1991, 42:205-225. The choice of a particular method may depend on the type of plant targeted for transformation. 
     Transformed plants may be any plant and particularly corn, wheat, barley, sorghum, and rice plants, and more particularly corn plants derived from a transformant or backcrossing through further breeding experiments. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Plasmid Construction: 
     A. Plasmid pZO1502 construction: The plasmid pZO1502 can be considered to consist of three basic regions; the base plasmid vector, an expression cassette for the Btk gene, and an expression cassette for the pat gene. For convenience, the various parts were constructed separately and then combined into the final plasmid. In order to assemble the desired elements for the Btk and pat gene expression cassettes, the restriction sites used to generate the desired elements sometimes required modification. The following example demonstrates the procedure used to produce the pZO1502 plasmid. One skilled in the art could devise alternate ways to construct the final transformation plasmid. 
     B. Base Plasmid Vector: The base vector, pUC18 (GenBank accession L08752, Norrander, J. M., et al., 1983. Gene 26:101-106), was modified by replacing the EcoO 109 I restriction site with a Bgl II linker (digestion with EcoO 109 I, fill in with T4 polymerase, and addition of a Bgl II linker). This base vector was further modified to replace the BspH I sites at 1526 and 2534 with Not I restriction sites (vector cut with BspH I, filled in, and replaced with Stu I linkers; the Stu I site was then cut and Not I linkers added). The addition of the Not I restriction sites provided a convenient way to produce a linear DNA fragment containing the two desired gene cassettes (Btk and pat) separated from the ampicillin gene sequence (required for plasmid production in  E. coli ). This linearization also significantly increased protoplast transformation frequency. The final base vector was named pZO997B (FIG.  2 ). 
     C: Btk gene expression cassette: The Dde I to Dde I fragment of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (strain CM1841, GenBank accession # V00140, Gardner, R. C., et al., 1981 . Nucleic Acids Res . 9:2871-2888) (SEQ ID NO. 1) was converted to Sac I by addition of linkers and cloned into the Sac I site of the polylinker region of a pUC19 based vector. The sixth intron from maize Adh1-1S gene (GenBank accession X04049, Dennis, E. S., et al., 1984 . Nucleic Acid Res . 12:3983-4000) was isolated as a Pst I to Hpa II fragment, converted with BamH I linkers (SEQ. ID NO. 2), and cloned into the BamH I poly linker site 3′ to the 35S promoter. The 3′ terminator from Nopaline synthetase, NOS, (GenBank accession V00087, Bevan, M., et al., 1983. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:369-385) (SEQ. ID NO 4) was isolated as ˜250 bp fragment with Pst I and Bgl II. The Bgl II site was polished with T4 polymerase, a Hind III linker added, and the fragment inserted behind a gus gene construct using the Pst I and Hind III sites. The gus gene was cloned into the Sal I to Pst I site of the polylinker. The gus construct utilized a synthetic linker (Sal I to Nco I, which provides for an A nucleotide at the -3 position from the translation start ATG: GTCG A CC ATG G) (SEQ ID NO. 9). The Pst I site was then trimmed, a Bcl I linker added, and the gus gene sequence replaced with a synthetic gene encoding a cry1Ab toxin (SEQ. ID NO. 3) as a Nco I to Bgl II insert to produce the vector pZO960 (FIG. 1) 
     D. Pat gene expression cassette: Although composed of similar elements, the pat expression cassette was derived from a different series of cloning steps. The 35S promoter (SEQ ID NO. 5) was obtained as a Hinc II to Dde I fragment from the cauliflower mosaic virus (strain CABB-S, GenBank accession #V00141, Franck, A., et al., 1980 . Cell  21: 285-294) and converted to BamH I—Xba I with linkers. The second intron sequence from maize Adh1-1S (GenBank accession X04049, Dennis, E. S., et al., 1984 . Nucleic Acid Res . 12:3983-4000) (SEQ ID NO. 6) was isolated as a Xho II to Xho II fragment and cloned into the BamH I site of pUC12, converting the Xho II sites to BamH I. As a BamH I fragment it was cloned into the Bgl II site of a synthetic polylinker (Asu II, Bgl II, and Xho I). The Asu II site was then filled in and ligated to the (filled in) Xba I site of the 35S promoter fragment. The synthetic pat gene sequence was subcloned from plasmid pOAC/Ac (obtained from Dr. Peter Eckes, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA) (SEQ ID NO. 7) as a Sal I to Pst I fragment and combined with the 35S/Adhivs2 promoter (Xho I) and the 3′ NOS terminator sequence Pst I to Bgl II (GenBank accession V00087, Bevan, M., et al., 1983 . Nucleic Acids Res . 11:369-385) (SEQ ID NO. 8). These pieces were all combined with the pZO997B base vector to produce the pat expression vector pZO1500 (FIG.  3 ). 
     As the final construction step, the Btk expression cassette was subcloned from pZO960 as an EcoR I—Hind m fragment and inserted into the EcoR I—Hind m polylinker site of pZO1500 to produce the final vector, pZO1502 (FIG.  4 ). The amp (beta-lactamase) gene was removed prior to plant transformation by digestion with NotI. pZO1502 has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Md. 20852-1776 USA pursuant to the Budapest Treaty prior to the filing of this application and accorded accession number 209682 on Mar. 13, 1998, and the complete sequence of this plasmid is disclosed in SEQ. ID No. 9. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Protoplast Transformation, Selection of Transformed Corn Cells and Regeneration 
     The initial parental transformation of the corn line to be planted was accomplished through insertion of a DNA fragment from plasmid pZO1502, containing the two cassettes of Btk and the pat gene, into the genome of a proprietary corn cell line owned by Hoerchst AG Ad (Frankfurt Germany). The transformation was performed using a protoplast transformation and regeneration system as described in detail in European Patent Application Publication Number 0 465 875 A, published Jan. 15, 1992 and European Patent Application Publication Number 0 469 273 A, published Feb. 5, 1992 and Theor. Appl. Gent. 80:721-726 (1990)). The contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     After some weeks on selective media putative transformant clumps of cells were observed and transformed protoplasts were selected in vitro with a glufosinate-ammonium herbicide. Sixteen leaf producing genetically transformed corn lines were obtained from protoplasts treated with the gene expression cassette from pZO1502. One of these lines was designated as transformant number 11. This transformant was grown to maturity. 
     The Bt-11 R0 transformed plants were pollinated with nontransformed Northrup King elite inbred male parents and RI seed was collected. Descendants of the initial crossing have been successively backcrossed and test crossed to establish and evaluate corn lines carrying the Btk gene. Such lines are described more fully in the Examples 8 and 9 below and have been deposited with the ATCC pursuant to the Budapest Treaty. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Stable Transformation 
     Expression of the Btk gene was tested by transforming the Bt gene vector pZO960 into BMS (Black Mexican Sweet) corn cells. Protoplasts were isolated from a suspension culture BMS cell line and electroporated to induce DNA uptake essentially as described in Sinibaldi, R. M. and Mettler, I. J., 1992, In: Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology (W. E. Cohn and K. Moldave, eds.) Academic Press, San Diego, vol. 42:229-259. Cells which had stably incorporated DNA were selected by co-transformation with a plasmid containing a kanamycin resistance selectable gene. A number of independent transgenic events were selected by the expression of the antibiotic resistance to kanamycin. Approximately 1 gram of each transgenic line was then used to test for biological activity against neonate larvae of Manducca sexta. Control, non-transformed, BMS callus tissue supported normal growth of the larvae throughtout the test period. Transgenic callus lines were then rated for the degree of growth inhibition. As shown in Table 1, out of 33 BMS lines co-transformed with pZO960, 6 lines were positive for insecticidal activity showing complete growth inhibition and 100% mortality within 2 or three days. Quantitative Elisa assays showed that the transgenic tissues produced an average of 3.1 ng of Bt protein per mg of total extracted protein. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Stable Transformation with Btk Cassette 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Insect activity 
                 Bt ELISA assays 
               
               
                   
                 Construct 
                 # pos/ # test 
                 ng/mg protein 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 pZO960 
                 6 + /33 
                 3.1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   + strong insecticidal activity, 100% mortality in 2-3 days, little feeding.  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Insertion Site of Bt11 Transgenic Event 
     The original genetic stock into which the Btk sequence was transformed was designated HE89. The Ro plants were used as the female parent for initial crosses to two, elite Northrup King proprietary inbred lines for which Btk-conversion was sought. Multiple backcrosses were conducted into many additional inbred lines with individuals selected that contained the insertion sequence but were, otherwise, as similar to the elite recurrent parents as possible. Four or more backcrosses and selfing to homozygosity were usedin the conversion process. Finished conversion stocks were evaluated with a series of 50 or 60 RFLP probes selected to be well distributed throughout the genome. Genotypes of the Btk converted inbreds were compared to those of their recurrent parent isolines. They were generally identical or nearly identical for all genetic markers, except for three probes on a small segment of the long arm of chromosome 8. All conversion stocks differ from the genotype of the transformed stock, HE89, for this segment, thus differing from the recurrent parents. There were no other genomic regions with consistent differences between Btk-conversions and their recurrent parents. These three probes exist within 10 centiMorgans(cM) of one another at the approximate position of the public probe UMC30a, which has been placed at map position 117 in the 1995 map of RFLP probe positions distributed by the University of Missouri at Columbia. 
     A series of 95 backcross progeny were further characterized with numerous probes in the region of chromosome 8 identified above. The size of the “donor” DNA segment varied among these progeny. However, five of the progeny failed to contain the donor alles at the flanking markers: Z1B3 and UMC150a, despite presence of the Btk sequence. These two probes are approximately 15cM apart on chromosome 8. Thus, the insertion site is within a 15 cM region on the long arm of chromosome 8, near position 117, and in the interval flanked by two markers: Z1B3 and UMC150a 
     Southern Analysis of the Transgenic Event 
     The Bt11 transgenic seeds backcrossed into inbred line HAF031 were sown in the greenhouse and sprayed with BASTA herbicide at the four leaf stage. Resistant plants and control, untransformed , HAF031 inbred plants were then used for DNA extraction and Southern blot analysis (T.Maniatis, E. F.Fritsch and J. Sambrook, 1982, Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) The genomic DNA samples were digested with following restriction enzymes and probed with labeled DNA for Btk and PAT gene sequences. The first enzyme combination utilized 2 restriction sites present on the plasmid DNA. The next two enzymes had only one known location and would be expected to cut the genomic DNA at a distant site in the plant DNA. The actual size of any observed fragment depends on the insertion event. The number of bands can be used to estimate insertion copy number—each gene copy would produce a unique band on the Southern blot. 
     The results of a Southern blot are summarized in Table 2 These data show that the Bt 11 transgenic lines are derived from a single insertion event containing one gene copy of the Bt and pat gene sequences. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Restriction Enzymes 
                 Probe 
                 Predicted-Observed 
                 # Fragment 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sal 1 and Sac I 
                 Btk 
                 1.3kb 
                  1.3 kb 
                 1 
               
               
                 Hind III 
                 Btk 
                 _3 kb 
                 ˜30 kb 
                 1 
               
               
                 EcoR I 
                 Btk 
                 _5 kb 
                 ˜25 kb 
                 1 
               
               
                 PstI and Hind III 
                 PAT 
                 1.5 kb 
                  1.5 kb 
                 1 
               
               
                 Hind III 
                 PAT 
                   2 kb 
                 ˜30 kb 
                 1 
               
               
                 EcoR I 
                 PAT 
                   5 kb 
                 ˜25 kb 
                 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 The DNA probe fragments were isolated from the original plasmid vector pZO1502: Btk = Sal I and Sac I fragment and PAT + Sal I fragment.  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Enzymatic Activity of PAT in the Bt Transformed Lines 
     Fresh tissue samples (30-50 mg) were ground on ice in ˜5 volumes of extraction buffer (100 mM Tris-HCL, pH 7.5), 3 mg/ml dithiothreitol and 0.3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BAS fraction V). The homogenate was centrifuged to clarity (12,000×g for 5 min). Approximately 2 μl of extract was added to the reaction mixture containing the extraction buffer plus 125 μM acetyl CoA and 250 μM phosphinothricin. The enzymatic reaction was allowed to proceed for 1 hour at 37° C. The reaction mix was then spotted onto TLC silica gel plates (Baker Si250-PA (19C)). The plate was chromatographed for 2-3 hours with isopropanol:NH40H (3:2), air dried and vacuum dried in an oven at 80° C. The plates were then exposed to X-ray film for 1-4 days. The results of a typical assay confirm the presence and enzymatic activity of the PAT protein in the Bt lines. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     Inheritance and Gene Stability 
     The segregation of the Btk gene and the PAT gene were followed in multiple generations. Eight F1 corn plants identified as containing the Btk and PAT genes were selfed to produce a S1 population. The S1 population was screened for resistance to ECB and Ignite® herbicide. All plants were either resistant to ECB and Ignite or susceptible to both. The segregation ratios were consistent with an expected ratio of 3:1 for a single dominant locus. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Bt-11 maize versus European Corn Borer Field Trials 
     Trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design. Two replicates were planted at three locations across three states in two-row plots. Hybrids were grouped according to relative maturity and planted at appropriate sites based on maturity. Southern trials contained six Btk hybrids and four non-Btk control hybrids. The northern trials consisted of eight Btk hybrids and two non-Btk hybrids. Plants were artificially infected as they approached the V6 stage of growth. Approximatety fifty larvae were appplied to ten plants in the first row of each plot every three to four days over a two and one-half week period. By the end of the first generation infesting, each plant had been infected with at least 200 neonate larvae. Just prior to tassel emeregnce, 1-9 leaf damage ratings were assigned to each of the ten plants per plot. The rating scale of Gurthie, W. D., et al. (1960, “Leaf and Sheath Feeding Resistance to the European Corn Borer in Eight Inbred Lines of Dent Corn”, Ohio Ag. Exp, Sta. Res. Bull. 860) was used, wherein 1=no damage or few pinholes, 2=small holes on a few leaves, 3=shot-holes on serval leaves, 4=irregular shaped holes on a few leaves, and 9=several leaves with many emerging elongated lesions. 
     As plants began to shed pollen, second generation ECB infestation began. The first ten plants of the first row of each plot were infected with 40-50 larvae every three to four days over a two and one-half week period. Eventually every plant had been infected with approximately 200 more larvae. After approximately 45 to 50 days, plants were dissected from top to the ground and the total length of tunnels created by ECB feeding was estimated and converted to centimeters for reporting. Analysis of Variance and Least Significant Difference mean separation were used to analyze the results. 
     Average leaf feeding damage scores were approximately 3.9 on non-Btk hybrids and 1.1 for Btk hybrids wherein 1 on the scale of 12 to 9 represents no damage. Average stalk damage represented as centimeters tunneled per plant, was approximately 4.9 cm in the non-Btk control hybrids. The Btk hybrids displayed only approximately 0.2 cm of tunneling per plant. In all cases, the difference between Btk hybrids and non-Btk hybrids was significant at a P-value of less than 0.01 based on AVOVA and LSD mean separation. Field tests conducted to determined the resistance of Btk hybrids and non-Btk hybrids for Southwestern Corn Borer and Fall Armyworm also indicated that Btk hybrids showed excellent potential for assisting in the control of these insect pests. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     Bt11 Sweet Corn 
     Inbred backcrossing of Bt11 event material as described in Example 4 into Novartis (Rogers) elite inbred sweet corn, lines was carried out to obtain Bt11 inbred sweet corn lines, including inbreds R327H, R372H, R412H, R583H and R660H. These inbreds and their F1 hybrid progeny all contain the Btk insert as described above at the location described above and exhibit insect resistance and herbicide resistance as for the other lines descended from the Bt11 event. For example, 2500 seeds of each of these lines were deposited with ATCC prior to the filing of this application pursuant to the Budapest Treaty and accorded accession numbers as follows: R327H: ATCC Accession No: 209673, deposited Mar. 11, 1998, R372H: ATCC Aceession No: 209674, deposited Mar. 11, 1998, R412H: ATCC Aceession No: 209675, deposited Mar. 11, 1998, R583H: ATCC Aceession No: 209671, deposited Mar. 11, 1998, and R660H: ATCC Aceession No: 209672, deposited Mar. 11, 1998. These lines were evaluated at Nampa, Idaho and Stanton, Minnesota during the summer and fall of 1997, and characterized in relation to a standard reference inbred (Iowa5125, from North Central Region Plant Introduction Center, Ames, Iowa) having similar background and maturity, as depicted on the following table. (All measurements are in centimeters unless otherwise noted. Colors are according, to Munsell color code chart.) 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Trait 
                 R327M 
                 R372H 
                 R412H 
                 R583H 
                 R660H 
                 Iowa5125 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Kernel color 
                 Yellow- 
                 Yellow- 
                 Yellow- 
                 Yellow- 
                 Yellow- 
                 Yellow- 
               
               
                   
                 orange 
                 orange 
                 orange 
                 orange 
                 orange 
                 orange 
               
               
                 Endosperm type 
                 sul 
                 sul 
                 sul 
                 sh2 
                 sh2 
                 sul 
               
               
                 Maturity (days) 
               
               
                 emengence to 50% silk 
                 71 
                 70 
                 75 
                 70 
                 77 
               
               
                 emergence to 50% pollen 
                 68 
                 67 
                 68 
                 66 
                 73 
                 67 
               
               
                 50% silk to optimal edible 
               
               
                 quality 
                 24 
                 26 
                 25 
                 25 
                 29 
                 25 
               
               
                 Plant 
               
               
                 plant height 
                 207.0 
                 199.7 
                 144.0 
                 173.8 
                 174.8 
                 152.8 
               
               
                 ear height 
                 51.8 
                 65.9 
                 45.3 
                 40.1 
                 57.0 
                 57.5 
               
               
                 top ear internode 
                 17.6 
                 15.5 
                 10.0 
                 15.8 
                 13.6 
                 13.8 
               
               
                 avg. number of tillers 
                 2.3 
                 1.1 
                 0.4 
                 3.3 
                 1.2 
                 0.8 
               
               
                 avg. number of ears/stalk 
                 1.8 
                 1.9 
                 1.7 
                 2.1 
                 2.0 
                 1.3 
               
               
                 anthocyanin of brace roots 
                 absent 
                 absent 
                 absent 
                 absent 
                 absent 
                 absent 
               
               
                 Leaf 
               
               
                 width of ear node leaf 
                 7.5 
                 6.4 
                 8.1 
                 7.5 
                 9.7 
                 7.3 
               
               
                 length of ear node leaf 
                 70.7 
                 65.0 
                 54.0 
                 64.1 
                 67.3 
                 82.4 
               
               
                 no. of leaves above to pear 
                 6 
                 5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 6 
                 6 
               
               
                 degrees of leaf angle 
                 49 
                 41 
                 63 
                 46 
                 60 
                 56 
               
               
                 leaf color 
                 very dark 
                 very dark 
                 green- 
                 very 
                 green- 
                 green- 
               
               
                   
                 green 
                 green 
                 yellow 
                 dark 
                 yellow 
                 yellow 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 green 
               
               
                 Tassel 
               
               
                 no. of primary lateral 
               
               
                 braches 
                 15 
                 9 
                 16 
                 10 
                 16 
                 28 
               
               
                 tassel length 
                 45.8 
                 42.0 
                 31.0 
                 41.6 
                 34.5 
                 28.4 
               
               
                 silk color 
                 green- 
                 green- 
                 green- 
                 green- 
                 light 
                 light green 
               
               
                   
                 yellow 
                 yellow 
                 yellow 
                 yellow 
                 green 
               
               
                 position at dry husk stage 
                 upright 
                 pendent 
                 horizontal 
                 — 
                 upright 
                 pendent 
               
               
                 ear length 
                 145 
                 160 
                 15.3 
                 16.7 
                 15.7 
                 13.3 
               
               
                 ear diameter at midpoint 
                 4.1 
                 3.8 
                 3.74 
                 4.67 
                 4.05 
                 5.33 
               
               
                 number of kernel rows 
                 16 
                 16 
                 16 
                 15 
                 16 
                 21 
               
               
                 cob diameter at midpoint 
                 2.59 
                 2.50 
                 2.53 
                 2.61 
                 2.54 
                 2.94 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 9 
     Bt11 Field Corn 
     Inbred backcrossing of Bt11 event material as described in Example 4 into Novartis (Rogers) elite inbred field corn lines was carried out to obtain Bt11 inbred field corn lines, for example Yellow Dent inbred lines 2044Bt, 2070Bt, 2100Bt, 2114Bt, 2123Bt, 2227Bt, 2184Bt, 2124Bt, and 2221Bt. These inbreds and their hybrid progeny all contain the Btk insert as described above at the location described above and exhibit insect resistance and herbicide resistance as for the other plants descended from the Bt11 event. 2500 seeds of each of the following lines were deposited with ATCC pursuant to the Budapest Treaty on Apr. 11, 1999 and accorded deposit numbers as follows: 2044Bt: ATCC 203943, 2070Bt: ATCC 203941, 2227Bt: ATCC 203942, 2184Bt: ATCC 203944, and 2221Bt: 
     Bt11 inbreds were also made by marker assisted inbred conversion of the following lines, NP948 (ATCC 209406), NP2017 (ATCC 209543), NP904 (ATCC 209458), NP2010 (ATCC), all deposited with ATCC pursuant to the Budapest Treaty to obtain 2100Bt, 2114Bt, 2123Bt and 2124Bt respectively. 
     Hybrids from Bt11 inbred conversions were evaluated extensively against hybrids from isogenic, non-transgenic parents in a number of field trials. In general, there was a significant yield advantage to the BT11 version. There was no attempt to control natural infestations of European Corn Borers in these trial locations. Grain moisture at harvest is sometimes slightly higher in the BT11 version. This can often be attributed to the improved plant health, due to reduced stalk rot. In some cases, grain test weight is higher in the BT11 version, which can also reduce the rate of grain dry down. Stalk lodging is typically lower in the BT11 versions. Push test and Late season intactness are also typically better in BT11 versions. In some cases, stay green is better. Plant and ear height are sometimes slightly higher in the BT11 version. For other traits, no consistent detrimental changes in performance have been observed. 
     2124Bt, 2221Bt, and 2070Bt are southern (late) maturities, whereas 2044Bt, 2100Bt, 2114Bt, 2227Bt, 2184Bt, and 2123Bt are northern (early) maturities. These inbred Bt lines have the following general characterization: 
     2044Bt—dark-reddish purple silk, slight pale green color, very slightly faded chlorotic stripes in leaves, medium tall, medium ear placement, purple tip to glume 
     2100Bt—green-yellow silk, medium-short plant height, medium low ear placement, green with purple glume, light green overall appearance 
     2114Bt—dark reddish purple silk, small tassel, slight crook in stalk nodes, slight pale green color, medium tall, medium ear placement, higher yielding than 2044Bt 
     2227Bt—very thin loose husk at harvest, root lodges, medium plant height, medium ear placement 
     2184Bt—medium plant height, medium ear placement, very light pollen shedder, green yellow silk color, pale purple anther 
     2123Bt—green with purple glumes, purple anther, green yellow silk, medium plant height Sequence information 
     
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Sequence 1: 
                   
               
               
                 35S promoter ( Eco R I,  Sac  I, -35S-  Sac  I,  Kpn  I,  Sma  I) 
               
             
          
           
               
                    1 
                 AATTCGAGCT CGTCAGAAGA CCAGAGGGCT ATTGAGACTT TTCAACAAAG GGTAATATCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   61 
                 GGAAACCTCC TCGGATTCCA TTGCCCAGCT ATCTGTCACT TCATCGAAAG GACAGTAGAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  121 
                 AAGGAAGGTG GCTCCTACAA ATGCCATCAT TGCGATAAAG GAAAGGCTAT CGTTCAAGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  181 
                 GCCTCTACCG ACAGTGGTCC CAAAGATGGA CCCCCACCCA CGAGGAACAT CGTGGAAAAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  241 
                 GAAGACGTTC CAACCACGTC TTCAAAGCAA GTGGATTGAT GTGATATCTC CACTGACGTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  301 
                 AGGGATGACG CACAATCCCA CTATCCTTCG CAAGACCCTT CCTCTATATA AGGAAGTTCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  361 
                 TTTCATTTGG AGAGGACACG CTGAAATCAC CAGTCTCTCT CTACAAATCT ATCTCTCTCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  421 
                 ATTTTCTCCA TAATAATGTG TGAGTAGTTC CCAGATAAGG GAATTAGGGT TCTTATAGGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  481 
                 TTTCGCTCAC GTGTTGAGCA TATAAGAAAC CCTTACGAGC TCGGTACCCG GG 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sequence 2: 
               
               
                   Adh1-1S  intron 6 ( Bam H I, -ADH1SIVS6-,  Bam H I,  Xba  I,  Sal  I) 
               
             
          
           
               
                    1 
                 GATCCGGAAG GTGCAAGGAT TGCTCGAGCG TCAAGGATCA TTGGTGTCGA CCTGAACCCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   61 
                 AGCAGATTCG AAGAAGGTAC AGTACACACA CATGTATATA TGTATGATGT ATCCCTTCGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  121 
                 TCGAAGGCAT GCCTTGGTAT AATCACTGAG TAGTCATTTT ATTACTTTGT TTTGACAAGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  181 
                 CAGTAGTTCA TCCATTTGTC CCATTTTTTC AGCTTGGAAG TTTGGTTGCA CTGGCACTTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  241 
                 GTCTAATAAC TGAGTAGTCA TTTTATTACG TTGTTTCGAC AAGTCAGTAG CTCATCCATC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  301 
                 TGTCCCATTT TTTCAGCTAG GAAGTTTGGT TGCACTGGCC TTGGACTAAT AACTGATTAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  361 
                 TCATTTTATT ACATTGTTTC GACAAGTCAG TAGCTCATCC ATCTGTCCCA TTTTTCAGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  421 
                 AGGAAGTTCG GTTGCACTGA ATTTGTGAAC CCAAAAGACC ACAACAAGCC GCGGATCCTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  481 
                 TAGAGTCGAC 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sequence 3: 
               
               
                   crylAb  toxic gene region ( Nco  I, - crylAb -,  Bgl  II) 
               
             
          
           
               
                    1 
                 CATGGACAAC AACCCAAACA TCAACGAATG CATTCCATAC AACTGCTTGA GTAACCCAGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   61 
                 AGTTGAAGTA CTTGGTGGAG AACGCATTGA AACCGGTTAC ACTCCCATCG ACATCTCCTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  121 
                 GTCCTTGACA CAGTTTCTGC TCAGCGAGTT CGTGCCAGGT GCTGGGTTCG TTCTCGGACT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  181 
                 AGTTGACATC ATCTGGGGTA TCTTTGGTCC ATCTCAATGG GATGCATTCC TGGTGCAAAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  241 
                 TGAGCAGTTG ATCAACCAGA GGATCGAAGA GTTCGCCAGG AACCAGGCCA TCTCTAGGTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  301 
                 GGAAGGATTG AGCAATCTCT ACCAAATCTA TGCAGAGAGC TTCAGAGAGT GGGAAGCCGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  361 
                 TCCTACTAAC CCAGCTCTCC GCGAGGAAAT GCGTATTCAA TTCAACGACA TGAACAGCGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  421 
                 CTTGACCACA GCTATCCCAT TGTTCGCAGT CCAGAACTAC CAAGTTCCTC TCTTGTCCGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  481 
                 GTACGTTCAA GCAGCTAATC TTCACCTCAG CGTGCTTCGA GACGTTAGCG TGTTTGGGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  541 
                 AAGGTGGGGA TTCGATGCTG CAACCATCAA TAGCCGTTAC AACGACCTTA CTAGGCTGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  601 
                 TGGAAACTAC ACCGACCACG CTGTTCGTTG GTACAACACT GGCTTGGAGC GTGTCTGGGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  661 
                 TCCTGATTCT AGAGATTGGA TTAGATACAA CCAGTTCAGG AGAGAATTGA CCCTCACAGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  721 
                 TTTGGACATT GTGTCTCTCT TCCCGAACTA TGACTCCAGA ACCTACCCTA TCCGTACAGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  781 
                 GTCCCAACTT ACCAGAGAAA TCTATACTAA CCCAGTTCTT GAGAACTTCG ACGGTAGCTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  841 
                 CCGTGGTTCT GCCCAAGGTA TCGAAGGCTC CATCAGGAGC CCACACTTGA TGGACATCTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  901 
                 GAACAGCATA ACTATCTACA CCGATGCTCA CAGAGGAGAG TATTACTGGT CTGGACACCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  961 
                 GATCATGGCC TCTCCAGTTG GATTCAGCGG GCCCGAGTTT ACCTTTCCTC TCTATGGAAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1021 
                 TATGGGAAAC GCCGCTCCAC AACAACGTAT CGTTGCTCAA CTAGGTCAGG GTGTCTACAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1081 
                 AACCTTGTCT TCCACCTTGT ACAGAAGACC CTTCAATATC GGTATCAACA ACCAGCAACT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1141 
                 TTCCGTTCTT GACGGAACAG AGTTCGCCTA TGGAACCTCT TCTAACTTGC CATCCGCTGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1201 
                 TTACAGAAAG AGCGGAACCG TTGATTCCTT GGACGAAATC CCACCACAGA ACAACAATGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1261 
                 GCCACCCAGG CAAGGATTCT CCCACAGGTT GAGCCACGTG TCCATGTTCC GTTCCGGATT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1321 
                 CAGCAACAGT TCCGTGAGCA TCATCAGAGC TCCTATGTTC TCATGGATTC ATCGTAGTGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1381 
                 TGAGTTCAAC AATATCATTC CTTCCTCTCA AATCACCCAA ATCCCATTGA CCAAGTCTAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1441 
                 TAACCTTGGA TCTGGAACTT CTGTCGTGAA AGGACCAGGC TTCACAGGAG GTGATATTCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1501 
                 TAGAAGAACT TCTCCTGGCC AGATTAGCAC CCTCAGAGTT AACATCACTG CACCACTTTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1561 
                 TCAAAGATAT CGTGTCAGGA TTCGTTACGC ATCTACCACA AACTTGCAAT TCCACACCTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1621 
                 CATCGACGGA AGGCCTATCA ATCAGGGTAA CTTCTCCGCA ACCATGTCAA GCGGCAGCAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1681 
                 CTTGCAATCC GGCAGCTTCA GAACCGTCGG TTTCACTACT CCTTTC.AACT TCTCTAACGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1741 
                 ATCAAGCGTT TTCACCCTTA GCGCTCATGT GTTCAATTCT GGCAATGAAG TGTACATTGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1801 
                 CCGTATTGAG TTTGTGCCTG CCGAAGTTAC CTTCGAGGCT GAGTACTAGC A 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sequence 4: 
               
               
                 NOS terminator ( Bcl  I, -NOS-,  Hin d III) 
               
             
          
           
               
                    1 
                 GATCAGGATC GTTCAAACAT TTGGCAATAA AGTTTCTTAA GATTGAATCC TGTTGCCGGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   61 
                 CTTGCGATGA TTATCATATA ATTTCTGTTG AATTACGTTA AGCATGTAAT AATTAACATG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  121 
                 TAATGCATGA CGTTATTTAT GAGATGGGTT TTTATdATTA GAGTCCCGCA ATTATACATT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  181 
                 TAATACGCGA TAGAAAACAA AATATAGCGC GCAACCTAGG ATAAATTATC GCGCGCGGTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  241 
                 TCATCTATGT TACTAGATCC A 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sequence 5: 
               
               
                 35S promoter ( Bam H I, -35S-,  Xba  I) 
               
             
          
           
               
                    1 
                 GATCCGAACA TGGTGGAGCA CGACACGCTT GTCTACTCCA AAAATATCAA AGATACAGTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   61 
                 TCAGAAGACC AAAGGGCAAT TGAGACTTTT CAACAAAGGG TAATATCCGG AAACCTCCTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  121 
                 GGATTCCATT GCCCAGCTAT CTGTCACTTT ATTGTGAAGA TAGTGGAAAA GGAAGGTGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  181 
                 TCCTACAAAT GCCATCATTG CGATAAAGGA AAGGCCATCG TTGAAGATGC CTCTGCCGAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  241 
                 AGTGGTCCCA AAGATGGACC CCCACCCACG AGGAGCATCG TGGAAAAAGA AGACGTTCCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  301 
                 ACCACGTCTT CAAAGCAAGT GGATTGATGT GATATCTCCA CTGACGTAAG GGATGACGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  361 
                 CAATCCCACT ATCCTTCGCA AGACCCTTCC TCTATATAAG GAAGTTCATT TCATTTGGAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  421 
                 AGGACACGCT GAAATCACCA GTCTCTCTCT ACAAATCTAT CTCTCTCTAT AATAATGTGT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  481 
                 GAGTAGTTCC CAGATAAGGG AATTAGGGTT CTTATAGGGT TTCGCTCATG TGTTGAGCAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  541 
                 ATAAGAAACC CTTACTCTAG 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sequence 6: 
               
               
                   Adhl-1S  intron 2 (partial  Asu  II -ADH1SIVS2-,  Xho  I) 
               
             
          
           
               
                    1 
                 CGAAGATCCT CTTCACCTCG CTCTGCCACA CCGACGTCTA CTTCTGGGAG GCCAAGGTAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   61 
                 CTAATCAGCC ATCCCATTTG TGATCTTTGT CAGTAGATAT GATACAACAA CTCGCGGTTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  121 
                 ACTTGCGCCT TCTTGGCGGC TTATCTGTCT CAGGGGCAGA CTCCCGTGTT CCCTCGGATC 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sequence 7: 
               
               
                 Pat gene ( Sal  I, - Pat -,  Bgl  II,  Sal  I,  Pst  I) 
               
             
          
           
               
                    1 
                 TCGACATGTC TCCGGAGAGG AGACCAGTTG AGATTAGGCC AGCTACAGCA GCTGATATGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   61 
                 CCGCGGTTTG TGATATCGTT AACCATTACA TTGAGACGTC TACAGTGAAC TTTAGGACAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  121 
                 AGCCACAAAC ACCACAAGAG TGGATTGATG ATCTAGAGAG GTTGCAAGAT AGATACCCTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  181 
                 GGTTGGTTGC TGAGGTTGAG GGTGTTGTGG CTGGTATTGC TTACGCTGGG CCCTGGAAGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  241 
                 CTAGGAACGC TTACGATTGG ACAGTTGAGA GTACTGTTTA CGTGTCACAT AGGCATCAAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  301 
                 GGTTGGGCCT AGGATCCACA TTGTACACAC ATTTGCTTAA GTCTATGGAG GCGCAAGGTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  361 
                 TTAAGTCTGT GGTTGCTGTT ATAGGCCTTC CAAACGATCC ATCTGTTAGG TTGCATGAGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  421 
                 CTTTGGGATA CACAGCCCGG GGTACATTGC GCGCAGCTGG ATACAAGCAT GGTGGATGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  481 
                 ATGATGTTGG TTTTTGGCAA AGGGATTTTG AGTTGCCAGC TCCTCCAAGG CCAGTTAGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  541 
                 CAGTTACCCA GATCTGAGTC GACCTGCA 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sequence 8: 
               
               
                 NOS terminator ( Pst  I, -NOS-,  Bgl  II) 
               
             
          
           
               
                    1 
                 GATCGTTCAA ACATTTGGCA ATAAAGTTTC TTAAGATTGA ATCCTGTTGC CGGTCTTGCG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   61 
                 ATGATTATCA TATAATTTCT GTTGAATTAC GTTAAGCATG TAATAATTAA CATGTAATGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  121 
                 ATGACGTTAT TTATGAGATG GGTTTTTATG ATTAGAGTCC CGCAATTATA CATTTAATAC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  181 
                 GCGATAGAAA ACAAAATATA GCGCGCAACC TAGGATAAAT TATCGCGCGC GGTGTCATCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  241 
                 ATGTTACTA 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sequence 9: 
               
               
                 Complete sequence of pZ01502starting at the  Eco RI site immediately upstream 
               
               
                 of the  Bt  gene cassette. The  Bt  gene (nucleotides 1022-2869) and the  pat   
               
               
                 gene (nucleotides 4294-4845) are aligned with the amino acid sequence of the 
               
               
                 respective proteins. The recognition sequences of the  Not I sites flanking 
               
               
                 the beta-lactamase (amp) gene are underlined. 
               
             
          
           
               
                    1 
                 GAATTCGAGCTCGTCAGAAGACCAGAGGGCTATTGAGACTTTTCAACAAAGGGTAATATCGGGAAACCTCCTCGGATTCC 
                  80 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                   81 
                 ATTGCCCAGCTATCTGTCACTTCATCGAAAGGACAGTAGAAAAGGAAGGTGGCTCCTACAAATGCCATCATTGCGATAAA 
                 160 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  161 
                 GGAAAGGCTATCGTTCAAGATGCCTCTACCGACAGTGGTCCCAAAGATGGACCCCCACCCACGAGGAACATCGTGGAAAA 
                 240 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  241 
                 AGAAGACGTTCCAACCACGTCTTCAAAGCAAGTGGATTGATGTGATATCTCCACTGACGTAAGCGATGACGCACAATCCC 
                 320 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  321 
                 ACTATCCTTCGCAAGACCCTTCCTCTATATAAGGAAGTTCATTTCATTTGGAGAGGACACGCTGAAATCACCAGTCTCTC 
                 400 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  401 
                 TCTACAAATCTATCTCTCTCTATTTTCTCCATAATAATGTGTGAGTAGTTCCCAGATAAGGGAATTAGGGTTCTTATAGG 
                 480 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  481 
                 GTTTCGCTCACGTGTTGAGCATATAAGAAACCCCGAGCTCGGTACCCGGGGATCCGGAAGGTGCAAGGATTGCTCGAGCG 
                 560 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  561 
                 TCAAGGATCATTGGTGTCGACCTGAACCCCAGCAGATTCGAAGAAGGTACAGTACACACACATGTATATATGTATGATGT 
                 640 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  641 
                 ATCCCTTCGATCGAAGGCATGCCTTGGTATAATCACTGAGTAGTCATTTTATTACTTTGTTTTGACAAGTCAGTACTTCA 
                 720 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  721 
                 TCCATTTGTCCCATTTTTTCAGCTTGGAAGTTTGCTTGCACTGGCACTTGCTCTAATAACTGAGTAGTCATTTTATTACG 
                 800 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  801 
                 TTGTTTCGACAAGTCAGTAGCTCATCCATCTGTCCCATTTTTTCAGCTAGGAAGTTTGGTTGCACTGGCCTTGGACTAAT 
                 880 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  881 
                 AACTGATTAGTCATTTTATTACATTGTTTCGACAAGTCAGTAGCTCATCCATCTGTCCCATTTTTCAGCTAGGAAGTTCG 
                 960 
               
               
                   
               
               
                  961 
                 GTTGCACTGAATTTGTGAACCCAAAAGACCACAACAAGCCGCGGATCCTCTAGAGTCGACCATGGACAAC ATG GAC AAC AAC 
                 1033 
               
               
                    1 
                                                                                        M   D   N   N 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1034 
                 CCA AAC ATC AAC GAA TGC ATT CCA TAC AAC TGC TTG AGT AAC CCA GAA GTT GAA GTA CTT 
                 1093 
               
               
                    5 
                 P   N   I   N   E   C   I   P   Y   N   C   L   S   N   F   E   V   E   V   L 
                 24 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1094 
                 GGT GGA GAA CGC ATT GAA ACC GGT TAC ACT CCC ATC GAC ATC TCC TTG TCC TTG ACA CAG 
                 1153 
               
               
                   25 
                 G   G   E   R   I   E   T   G   Y   T   P   I   D   I   S   L   S   L   T   Q 
                 44 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1154 
                 TTT CTG CTC AGC GAG TTC GTG CCA GGT GCT GGG TTC GTT CTC GGA CTA GTT GAC ATC ATC 
                 1213 
               
               
                   45 
                 F   L   L   S   E   F   V   P   G   A   G   F   V   L   G   L   V   D   I   I 
                 64 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1214 
                 TGG GGT ATC TTT GGT CCA TCT CAA TGG GAT GCA TTC CTG GTG CAA ATT GAG CAG TTG ATC 
                 1273 
               
               
                   65 
                 W   G   I   F   G   P   S   Q   W   D   A   F   L   V   Q   I   E   G   L   I 
                 84 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1274 
                 AAC CAG AGG ATC GAA GAG TTC GCC AGG AAC CAG GCC ATC TCT AGG TTG GAA GGA TTG AGC 
                 1333 
               
               
                   85 
                 N   Q   R   I   E   E   F   A   R   N   Q   A   I   S   R   L   E   G   L   S 
                 104 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1334 
                 AAT CTC TAC CAA ATC TAT GCA GAG AGC TTC AGA GAG TGG GAA GCC GAT CCT ACT AAC CCA 
                 1393 
               
               
                  105 
                 N   L   Y   Q   I   Y   A   E   S   F   R   E   W   E   A   D   P   T   N   P 
                 124 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1394 
                 GCT CTC CGC GAG GAA ATG CGT ATT CAA TTC AAC GAC ATG AAC AGC GCC TTG ACC ACA GCT 
                 1453 
               
               
                  125 
                 A   L   R   E   E   M   R   I   Q   F   N   D   M   N   S   A   L   T   T   A 
                 144 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1454 
                 ATC CCA TTG TTC GCA GTC CAG AAC TAC CAA GTT CCT CTC TTG TCC GTG TAC GTT CAA GCA 
                 1513 
               
               
                  145 
                 I   P   L   F   A   V   Q   N   Y   Q   V   P   L   L   S   V   Y   V   Q   A 
                 164 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1514 
                 GCT AAT CTT CAC CTC AGC GTG CTT CGA GAC GTT AGC GTG TTT GGG CAA AGG TGG GGA TTC 
                 1573 
               
               
                  165 
                 A   N   L   H   L   S   V   L   R   D   V   S   V   F   G   Q   R   W   G   F 
                 164 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1574 
                 GAT GCT GCA ACC ATC AAT AGC CGT TAC AAC GAC CTT ACT AGG CTG ATT GGA AAC TAC ACC 
                 1633 
               
               
                  185 
                 D   A   A   T   I   N   S   R   Y   N   D   L   T   R   L   I   G   N   Y   T 
                 204 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1634 
                 GAC CAC GCT GTT CGT TGG TAC AAC ACT GGC TTG GAG CGT GTC TGG GGT CCT GAT TCT AGA 
                 #693 
               
               
                  205 
                 D   H   A   V   R   W   Y   N   T   G   L   E   R   V   W   G   P   D   S   R 
                 224 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1694 
                 GAT TGG ATT AGA TAC AAC CAG TTC AGG AGA GAA TTG ACC CTC ACA GTT TTG GAC ATT GTG 
                 1753 
               
               
                  225 
                 D   W   I   R   Y   N   Q   F   R   R   E   L   T   L   T   V   L   D   I   V 
                 244 
               
               
                 1754 
                 TCT CTC TTC CCG AAC TAT GAC TCC AGA ACC TAC CCT ATC CGT ACA GTG TCC CAA CTT ACC 
                 1813 
               
               
                  245 
                 S   L   F   P   N   Y   D   S   R   T   Y   P   I   R   T   V   S   Q   L   T 
                 264 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1814 
                 AGA GAA ATC TAT ACT AAC CCA GTT CTT GAG AAC TTC GAC GGT AGC TTC CGT GGT TCT GCC 
                 1873 
               
               
                  265 
                 R   E   Z   Y   T   N   P   V   L   E   N   F   D   G   S   F   R   G   S   A 
                 294 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1874 
                 CAA GGT ATC GAA GGC TCC ATC AGG AGC CCA CAC TTG ATG GAC ATC TTG AAC AGC ATA ACT 
                 1933 
               
               
                  285 
                 Q   G   I   E   G   S   I   R   S   P   H   L   M   D   I   L   N   S   I   T 
                 304 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1934 
                 ATC TAC ACC GAT GCT CAC AGA GGA GAG TAT TAC TGG TCT GGA CAC CAG ATC ATG GCC TCT 
                 1993 
               
               
                  305 
                 I   Y   T   D   A   H   R   G   E   Y   Y   W   S   G   H   Q   I   M   A   S 
                 324 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1994 
                 CCA GTT GGA TTC AGC GGG CCC GAG TTT ACC TTT CCT CTC TAT GGA ACT ATG GGA AAC GCC 
                 2053 
               
               
                  325 
                 P   V   G   F   S   G   P   E   F   T   F   P   L   Y   G   T   M   G   N   A 
                 344 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2054 
                 GCT CCA CAA CAA CGT ATC GTT GCT CAA CTA GGT CAG GGT GTC TAC AGA ACC TTG TCT TCC 
                 2113 
               
               
                  345 
                 A   P   Q   Q   R   I   V   A   Q   L   G   Q   G   V   Y   R   T   L   S   S 
                 364 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2114 
                 ACC TTG TAC AGA AGA CCC TTC AAT ATC GGT ATC AAC AAC CAG CAA CTT TCC GTT CTT GAC 
                 2173 
               
               
                  365 
                 T   L   Y   R   R   P   F   N   I   G   I   N   N   Q   Q   L   S   V   L   D 
                 384 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2174 
                 GGA ACA GAG TTC GCC TAT GGA ACC TCT TCT AAC TTG CCA TCC GCT GTT TAC AGA AAG AGC 
                 2233 
               
               
                  385 
                 G   T   E   F   A   Y   G   T   S   S   N   L   P   S   A   V   Y   R   K   S 
                 404 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2234 
                 GGA ACC GTT GAT TCC TTG GAC GAA ATC CCA CCA CAG AAC AAC AAT GTG CCA CCC AGG CAA 
                 2293 
               
               
                  405 
                 G   T   V   D   S   L   D   E   I   P   P   Q   N   N   N   V   F   P   R   Q 
                 424 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2294 
                 GGA TTC TCC CAC AGG TTG AGC CAC GTG TCC ATG TTC CGT TCC GGA TTC AGC AAC AGT TCC 
                 2353 
               
               
                  425 
                 G   F   S   H   R   L   S   H   V   S   M   F   R   S   G   F   S   N   S   S 
                 444 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2354 
                 GTG AGC ATC ATC AGA GCT CCT ATG TTC TCA TGG ATT CAT CGT AGT GCT GAG TTC AAC AAT 
                 2413 
               
               
                  445 
                 V   S   I   I   R   A   P   M   F   S   W   I   H   R   S   A   E   F   N   N 
                 464 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2414 
                 ATC ATT CCT TCC TCT CAA ATC ACC CAA ATC CCA TTG ACC AAG TCT ACT AAC CTT GGA TCT 
                 2473 
               
               
                  465 
                 I   I   P   S   S   Q   I   T   Q   X   P   L   T   K   S   T   N   L   G   S 
                 494 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2474 
                 GGA ACT TCT GTC GTG AAA GGA CCA GGC TTC ACA GGA GGT GAT ATT CTT AGA AGA ACT TCT 
                 2533 
               
               
                  485 
                 G   T   S   V   V   K   G   P   G   F   T   G   G   D   I   L   R   R   T   S 
                 504 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2534 
                 CCT GGC CAG ATT AGC ACC CTC AGA GTT AAC ATC ACT GCA CCA CTT TCT CAA AGA TAT CGT 
                 2593 
               
               
                  505 
                 P   G   Q   I   S   T   L   R   V   N   I   T   A   P   L   S   Q   R   Y   R 
                 524 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2594 
                 GTC AGG ATT CGT TAC GCA TCT ACC ACA AAC TTG CAA TTC CAC ACC TCC ATC GAC GGA AGG 
                 2653 
               
               
                  525 
                 V   R   I   R   Y   A   S   T   T   N   L   Q   F   H   T   S   I   D   G   R 
                 544 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2654 
                 CCT ATC AAT CAG GGT AAC TTC TCC GCA ACC ATG TCA AGC GGC AGC AAC TTG CAA TCC GGC 
                 2713 
               
               
                  545 
                 P   I   N   Q   G   N   F   S   A   T   M   S   S   G   S   N   L   Q   S   G 
                 564 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2714 
                 AGC TTC AGA ACC GTC GGT TTC ACT ACT CCT TTC AAC TTC TCT AAC GGA TCA AGC GTT TTC 
                 2773 
               
               
                  565 
                 S   F   R   T   V   G   F   T   T   P   F   N   F   S   N   G   S   S   V   F 
                 584 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2774 
                 ACC CTT AGC GCT CAT GTG TTC AAT TCT GGC AAT GAA GTG TAC ATT GAC CGT ATT GAG TTT 
                 2833 
               
               
                  585 
                 T   L   S   A   H   V   F   N   S   G   N   E   V   Y   I   D   R   I   E   F 
                 604 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2834 
                 GTG CCT GCC GAA GTT ACC TTC GAG GCT GAG TAC TAG CAGATCAGGATCGTTCAAACATTTGGCAATAA 
                 2901 
               
               
                  605 
                 V   F   A   E   V   T   F   E   A   E   Y   * 
                 616 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2902 
                 AGTTTCTTAAGATTGAATCCTGTTGCCGGTCTTGCGATGATTATCATATAATTTCTCTTGAATTACGTTAAGCATGTAAT 
                 2981 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 2982 
                 AATTAACATGTAATGCATGACGTTATTTATGAGATGGGTTTTTATGATTAGAGTCCCGCAATTATACATTTAATACGCGA 
                 3061 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3062 
                 TAGAAAACAAAATATAGCGCGCAACCTAGGATAAATTATCGCGCGCGGTGTCATCTATGTTACTAGATCCAAGCTTGGCA 
                 3141 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3142 
                 CTGGCCGTCGTTTTACAACGTCGTGACTGGGAAAACCCTGGCGTTACCCAACTTAATCGCCTTGCAGCACATCCCCCTTT 
                 3221 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3222 
                 CGCCAGCTGGCGTAATAGCGAAGAGGCCCGCACCGATCGCCCTTCCCAACAGTTGCGCAGCCTGAATGGCGAATGGCGCC 
                 3301 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3302 
                 TGATGCGGTATTTTCTCCTTACGCATCTCTGCGGTATTTCACACCGCATATGGTGCACTCTCAGTACAATCTGCTCTGAT 
                 3381 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3382 
                 GCCGCATAGTTAAGCCAGCCCCGACACCCGCCAACACCCGCTGACGCGCCCTGACGGGCTTGTCTGCTCCCGGCATCCGC 
                 3461 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3462 
                 TTACAGACAAGCTGTGACCGTCTCCGGGAGCTGCATGTGTCAGAGGTTTTCACCGTCATCACCGAAACGCGCGAGACGAA 
                 3541 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3542 
                 AGGGCCAGATCCGAACATGGTGGAGCACGACACGCTTGTCTACTCCAAAAATATCAAAGATACAGTCTCAGAAGACCAAA 
                 3621 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3622 
                 GGGCAATTGAGACTTTTCAACAAAGGGTAATATCCGGAAACCTCCTCGGATTCCATTGCCCAGCTATCTGTCACTTTATT 
                 3701 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3702 
                 GTGAAGATAGTGGAAAAGGAAGGTGGCTCCTACAAATGCCATCATTGCGATAAAGGAAAGGCCATCGTTGAAGATGCCTC 
                 3781 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3782 
                 TGCCGACAGTGGTCCCAAAGATGGACCCCCACCCACGAGGAGCATCGTGGAAAAAGAAGACGTTCCAACCACGTCTTCAA 
                 3861 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3862 
                 AGCAAGTGGATTGATGTGATATCTCCACTGACGTAAGGGATGACGCACAATCCCACTATCCTTCGCAAGACCCTTCCTCT 
                 3941 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 3942 
                 ATATAAGGAAGTTCATTTCATTTGGAGAGGACACGCTGAAATCACCAGTCTCTCTCTACAAATCTATCTCTCTCTATAAT 
                 4021 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4022 
                 AATGTGTGAGTAGTTCCCAGATAAGGGAATTAGGGTTCTTATAGGGTTTCGCTCATGTGTTGAGCATATAAGAAACCCTT 
                 4101 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4102 
                 ACTCTAGCGAAGATCCTCTTCACCTCGCTCTGCCACACCGACGTCTACTTCTGGGAGGCCAAGGTATCTAATCAGCCATC 
                 4181 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4182 
                 CCATTTGTGATCTTTGTCAGTAGATATGATACAACAACTCGCGGTTGACTTGCGCCTTCTTGGCGGCTTATCTGTCTCAG 
                 4261 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4262 
                 GGGCAGACTCCCGTGTTCCCTCGGATCTCGAC ATG TCT CCG GAG AGG AGA CCA GTT GAG ATT AGG CCA 
                 4329 
               
               
                    1 
                                                  M   S   P   E   R   R   P   V   E   I   R   P 
                 12 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4330 
                 GCT ACA GCA GCT GAT ATG GCC GCG GTT TGT GAT ATC GTT AAC CAT TAC ATT GAG ACG TCT 
                 4389 
               
               
                   13 
                 A   T   A   A   D   M   A   A   V   C   D   I   V   N   H   Y   I   E   T   S 
                 32 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4390 
                 ACA GTG AAC TTT AGG ACA GAG CCA CAA ACA CCA CAA GAG TGG ATT GAT GAT CTA GAG AGG 
                 4449 
               
               
                   33 
                 T   V   N   F   R   T   E   P   Q   T   P   Q   E   W   I   D   D   L   E   R 
                 52 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4450 
                 TTG CAA GAT AGA TAC CCT TGG TTG GTT GCT GAG GTT GAG GGT GTT GTG GCT GGT ATT GCT 
                 4509 
               
               
                   53 
                 L   Q   D   R   Y   P   W   L   V   A   E   V   E   G   V   V   A   G   I   A 
                 72 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4510 
                 TAC GCT GGG CCC TGG AAG GCT AGG AAC GCT TAC GAT TGG ACA GTT GAG AGT ACT GTT TAC 
                 4569 
               
               
                   73 
                 Y   A   G   P   W   K   A   R   N   A   Y   D   W   T   V   E   S   T   V   Y 
                 92 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4570 
                 GTG TCA CAT AGG CAT CAA AGG TTG GGC CTA GGA TCC ACA TTG TAC ACA CAT TTG CTT AAG 
                 4629 
               
               
                   93 
                 V   S   H   R   H   Q   R   L   G   L   G   S   T   L   Y   T   H   L   L   K 
                 112 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4630 
                 TCT ATG GAG GCG CAA GGT TTT AAG TCT GTG GTT GCT GTT ATA GGC CTT CCA AAC GAT CCA 
                 4689 
               
               
                  113 
                 S   M   E   A   Q   G   F   K   S   V   V   A   V   Z   G   L   P   N   D   P 
                 132 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4690 
                 TCT GTT AGG TTG CAT GAG GCT TTG GGA TAC ACA GCC CGG GGT ACA TTG CGC GCA GCT GGA 
                 4749 
               
               
                  133 
                 S   V   R   L   H   E   A   L   G   Y   T   A   R   G   T   L   R   A   A   G 
                 152 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4750 
                 TAC AAG CAT GGT GGA TGG CAT GAT GTT GGT TTT TGG CAA AGG GAT TTT GAG TTG CCA GCT 
                 4809 
               
               
                  153 
                 Y   K   H   G   G   W   H   D   V   G   F   W   Q   R   D   F   E   L   P   A 
                 172 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4810 
                 CCT CCA AGG CCA GTT AGG CCA GTT ACC CAG ATC TGA GTCGACCTGCAGATCGTTGAAACATTTGGCAA 
                 4877 
               
               
                  173 
                 P   P   R   P   V   R   P   V   T   Q   I   * 
                 184 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4878 
                 TAAAGTTTCTTAAGATTGAATCCTGTTGCCGGTCTTGCGATGATTATCATATAATTCCTGTTGAATTACGTTAAGCATGT 
                 4957 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 4958 
                 AATAATTAACATGTAATGCATGACGTTATTTATGAGATGGGTTTTTATGATTAGAGTCCCGCAATTATACATTTAATACG 
                 5037 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5038 
                 CGATAGAAAACAAAATATAGCGCGCAACCTAGGATAAATTATCGCGCGCGGTGTCATCTATGTTACTAGATCTGGGCCTC 
                 5117 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5118 
                 GTCATACGCCTATTTTTATAGGTTAATGTCATGATAATAATGGTTTCTTAGACGTCAGGTGGCACTTTTCGGGGAAATGT 
                 5197 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5198 
                 GCGCGGAACCCCTATTTGTTTATTTTTCTAAATACATTCAAATATGTATCCGCTCATGGAGGA   GCGGCCGC   TCCTCCATG 
                 5277 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5278 
                 AGACAATAACCCTGATAAATGCTTCAATAATATTGAAAAAGGAAGAGTATGAGTATTCAACATTTCCGTGTCGCCCTTAT 
                 5357 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5358 
                 TCCCTTTTTTGCGGCATTTTGCCTTCCTGTTTTTGCTCACCCAGAAACGCTGGTGAAAGTAAAAGATGCTGAAGATCAGT 
                 5437 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5438 
                 TGGGTGCACGAGTGGGTTACATCGAACTGGATCTCAACAGCGGTAAGATCCTTGAGAGTTTTCGCCCCGAAGAACGTTTT 
                 5517 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5518 
                 CCAATGATGAGCACTTTTAAAGTTCTGCTATGTGGCGCGGTATTATCCCGTATTGACGCCGGGCAAGAGCAACTCGGTCG 
                 5597 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5598 
                 CCGCATACACTATTCTCAGAATGACTTGGTTGAGTACTCACCAGTCACAGAAAAGCATCTTACGGATGGCATGACAGTAA 
                 5677 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5678 
                 GAGAATTATGCAGTGCTGCCATAACCATGAGTGATAACACTGCGGCCAACTTACTTCTGACAACGATCGGAGGACCGAAG 
                 5757 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5758 
                 GAGCTAACCGCTTTTTTGCACAACATGGGGGATCATGTAACTCGCCTTGATCGTTGGGAACCGGAGCTGAATGAAGCCAT 
                 5837 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5838 
                 ACCAAACGACGAGCGTGACACCACGATGCCTGTAGCAATGGCAACAACGTTGCGCAAACTATTAACTGGCGAACTACTTA 
                 5917 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5918 
                 CCCTAGCTTCCCGGCAACAATTAATAGACTGGATGGAGGCGGATAAAGTTGCAGGACCACTTCTGCGCTCGGCCCTTCCG 
                 5997 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 5998 
                 GCTGGCTGGTTTATTGCTGATAAATCTGGAGCCGGTGAGCGTGGGTCTCGCGGTATCATTGCAGCACTGGGGCCAGATGG 
                 6077 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6078 
                 TAAGCCCTCCCGTATCGTAGTTATCTACACGACGGGGAGTCAGGCAACTATGGATGAACGAAATAGACAGATCGCTGAGA 
                 6157 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6158 
                 TAGGTGCCTCACTGATTAAGCATTGGTAACTGTCAGACCAAGTTTACTCATATATACTTTAGATTGATTTAAAACTTCAT 
                 6237 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6238 
                 TTTTAATTTAAAAGGATCTAGGTGAAGATCCTTTTTCATAATCTCATGGAGGA   GCGGCCGC   TCCTCCATGACCAAAATCC 
                 6317 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6318 
                 CTTAACGTGAGTTTTCGTTCCACTGAGCGCCAGACCCCGTAGAAAAGATCAAAGGATCTTCTTGAGATCCTTTTTTTCTG 
                 6397 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6398 
                 CGCGTAATCTGCTGCTTGCAAACAAAAAAACCACCGCTACCAGCGGTGGTTTGTTTGCCGGATCAAGAGCTACCAACTCT 
                 6477 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6478 
                 TTTTCCGAAGGTAACTGGCTTCAGCAGAGCGCAGATACCAAATACTGTCCTTCTAGTGTAGCCGTAGTTAGGCCACCACT 
                 6557 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6558 
                 TCAAGAACTCTGTAGCACCGCCTACATACCTCGCTCTGCTAATCCGGTTACCAGTGGCTGCTGCCAGTGGCGATAAGTCG 
                 6637 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6638 
                 TGTCTTACCGGGTTGGACTCAAGACGATAGTTACCGGATAAGGCGCAGCGGTCGGGCTGAACGGGGGGTTCGTGCACACA 
                 6717 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6718 
                 GCCCAGCTTGGAGCGAACGACCTACACCGAACTGAGATACCTACAGCGTGAGCATTGAGAAAGCGCCACGCTTCCCGAAG 
                 6797 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6798 
                 GGAGAAAGGCGGACAGGTATCCGGTAAGCGGCAGGGTCGGAACAGGAGAGCGCACGAGGGAGCTTCCAGGGGGAAACGCC 
                 6877 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6878 
                 TGGTATCTTTATAGTCCTGTCGGGTTTCGCCACCTCTGACTTGAGCGTCGATTTTTGTGATGCTCGTCAGGGGGGCGGAG 
                 6957 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 6958 
                 CCTATGGAAAAACGCCAGCAACGCGGCCTTTTTACGGTTCCTGGCCTTTTGCTGGCCTTTTGCTCACATGTTCTTTCCTG 
                 7037 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 7038 
                 CGTTATCCCCTGATTCTGTGGATAACCGTATTACCGCCTTTGAGTGAGCTGATACCGCTCGCCGCAGCCGAACGACCGAG 
                 7117 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 7118 
                 CGCAGCGAGTCAGTGAGCGAGGAAGCGGAAGAGCGCCCAATACGCAAACCGCCTCTCCCCGCGCGTTGGCCGATTCATTA 
                 7197 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 7198 
                 ATGCAGGTCGCACGACAGGTTTCCCGACTGGAAAGCGGGCAGTGAGCGCAACGCAATTAATGTGAGTTAGCTCACTCATT 
                 7277 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 7278 
                 AGGCACCCCAGGCTTTACACTTTATGCTTCCGGCTCGTATGTTGTGTGGAATTGTGAGCGGATAACAATTTCACACAGGA 
                 7357 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 7358 
                 AACAGCTATGACCATGATTAC 
                 7378