Abstract:
The invention concerns an ophthalmic surgical microscope ( 2 ) that comprises an integrated refractor ( 20 ) which determines the optical data of a patient&#39;s eye ( 1 ) “in situ” during the operation and reports them to the surgeon ( 29 ) as necessary.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
         [0001]    This application claims priority of the German patent application 102 02 509.6 filed Jan. 23, 2002 which is incorporated by reference herein.  
         FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The invention concerns an ophthalmic surgical microscope having an apparatus for in-situ determination of the optical data of a patient&#39;s eye during the operation.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    If the lens of a patient&#39;s eye is clouded or severely deformed, at present it is usual to determine the optical data of the eye before the operation by means of a refractor, for example using the “Welch Allyn SURESIGHT® refractor of the Welch Allyn Co., NY 13153 (US), cf. brochure SM2275 Rev. B. On the basis of the results obtained, the dimension of the intraocular lens (IOL) to be implanted is determined. The IOL is then inserted into the eye during the operation. After the healing process, i.e. a few days later, another measurement is made using a refractor, and the residual vision deficiency is determined and corrected, if necessary, with eyeglasses.  
           [0004]    The inventor has recognized that these known systems are disadvantageous in terms of the following aspects:  
           [0005]    a) Because the optical data can be determined before the operation and then only several days after the operation, the surgeon has no ability to make corrections during the operation, i.e. in some circumstances a considerable uncorrected vision deficiency of the patient&#39;s eye remains.  
           [0006]    b) The surgeon cannot, without interrupting the operation, determine the optical data of the patient&#39;s eye and thus initiate appropriate corrective actions to minimize the residual vision deficiency.  
           [0007]    c) There is therefore no direct quality control during the operation.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    It is the object of the invention to create an apparatus which makes it possible to determine the optical data of a patient&#39;s eye during the operation with no need to interrupt the surgical procedure itself.  
           [0009]    This object is achieved by way of the apparatus described below:  
           [0010]    A refractor (autorefractive generator and analyzer), which allows determination of the optical data of the patient&#39;s eye “in situ” (i.e. during the operation), is integrated into a standard surgical microscope. This is preferably done in the following manner:  
           [0011]    The light generated by a refractor is reflected, via an optical system and e.g. a beam splitter, into the main beam path of a microscope, and projected onto the patient&#39;s eye. The refractor light reflected from the retina of the patient&#39;s eye is reflected out of the beam path of the microscope, once again e.g. by means of a beam splitter, and imaged via an optical system onto an analysis unit of the refractor. The refractor and its analysis unit thus continuously determine the quality of the correction resulting from the lens implanted into the eye, and report it to the operator via a display, an apparatus for reflecting in data, and/or a signal tone or signal light. The refractor beam paths are reflected in and out, for example, directly above the zoom or between the zoom and the main objective. A number of variants can be constructed using the basic principle of the invention.  
           [0012]    The following improvements are achieved by way of the apparatus described above:  
           [0013]    Because the optical data of the patient&#39;s eye are determined during the operation, the surgeon can promptly initiate countermeasures if deviations from reference values occur.  
           [0014]    Because potential deviations are measured and corrected promptly, the vision deficiency that remains after the healing process can be minimized.  
           [0015]    All in all, the quality of the surgical result and the risk of a major deviation during the operation can therefore be reduced to a minimum.  
           [0016]    According to a development of the invention, in the event of deviations exceeding a definable threshold the surgeon can be informed of an acute risk during the operation by means of a warning mechanism, for example a signal tone and/or a flashing light and/or a reflecting-in module. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0017]    The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to schematic drawings, in which:  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 1 shows the integration, according to the present invention, of a refractor into a surgical microscope; and  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of all the components. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020]    [0020]FIG. 1 shows the light emerging from patient&#39;s eye  1 , which is directed via a main objective  3  and a zoom  4  onto tube  5  with eyepieces. Arranged in the right-hand main beam path of microscope  2 , for example between zoom  4  and tube  5 , is a beam splitter  11  which reflects out light for a video documentation apparatus  10 . Arranged in the left-hand main beam path, for example between zoom  4  and tube  5 , is a beam splitter  7  for reflecting data generated by an image superimposition apparatus  6  into the surgeon&#39;s field of view. Also visible is an illumination beam path  9 , proceeding from an illumination system  8 , which projects light via a beam splitter  18  and a deflection mirror  17  onto patient&#39;s eye  1 .  
         [0021]    According to the present invention, the light generated by a refractor  20  is superimposed via an optical system  19  for refractor beam path  12  at position A (located directly above zoom  4 ), by means of beam splitter  13 , e.g. into the right-hand main beam path of microscope  2 . This light is imaged, via zoom  4  and main objective  3 , onto the retina of patient&#39;s eye  1 . The refractor light reflected therefrom is in turn directed via main objective  3  and zoom  4  onto beam splitter  13 , which reflects the refractor light out and directs it, via optical system  19  for refractor beam path  12 , onto the measurement unit of refractor  20  for analysis.  
         [0022]    As a variant, the refractor light is projected onto patient&#39;s eye  1  via a deflection mirror  15  for refractor beam path  14  at position B which lies directly above main objective  3 , and recorded.  
         [0023]    As a further variant, the refractor light is deflected at position C, which lies centrally above main objective  3  in alignment with a central optical axis of the objective lens, by means of deflection mirror  17  for refractor beam path  16  and illumination  9  with illuminating optical system  26 , onto beam splitter  18  which combines illumination beam path  9  and refractor beam path  16 . The refractor beam path is directed onto refractor  20  via an optical system  19  for the refractor beam path.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of all the components. The data measured by refractor  20  are processed by an analysis and control unit  21  and stored. Data output is accomplished, for example, via a monitor  22  on which patient&#39;s eye  1  is depicted, optionally with the optical data of the patient&#39;s eye measured by the refractor, and possibly with further patient data. The latter can in turn be printed out via a graphics printer  23  or a simple data printer  24 , or can be transferred into patient file  25 . The patient data required for the operation are transferred, as necessary, from patient file  25  into analysis and control unit  21 .  
         [0025]    Analysis and control unit  21  processes the data of video documentation apparatus  10 , preferably a digital camera, and makes them available to the operator ( 29 ) via an image superimposition apparatus  6  for reflecting in data.  
         [0026]    By means of shutters  27  (cf. FIG. 1) it is possible to darken, for example, the observation beam path ( 28 ) into which data are not being reflected. Optionally, however, this can also be done in the beam path into which the data are being reflected. This permits a better and higher-contrast data display. The capabilities disclosed in commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/081,154 published Sep. 12, 2002 under number US 2002/0126375 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference, are suitable for this purpose.  
       PARTS LIST  
       [0027]    [0027] 1  Patient&#39;s eye  
         [0028]    [0028] 2  Surgical microscope  
         [0029]    [0029] 3  Main objective  
         [0030]    [0030] 4  Zoom  
         [0031]    [0031] 5  Tube with eyepieces  
         [0032]    [0032] 6  Image superimposition apparatus  
         [0033]    [0033] 7  Beam splitter for ( 6 )  
         [0034]    [0034] 8  Illumination  
         [0035]    [0035] 9  Illumination beam path  
         [0036]    [0036] 10  Video documentation apparatus  
         [0037]    [0037] 11  Beam splitter for ( 10 )  
         [0038]    [0038] 12  Refractor beam path at position A (reflection in and out)  
         [0039]    [0039] 13  Beam splitter for ( 12 )  
         [0040]    [0040] 14  Refractor beam path at position B (reflection in and out)  
         [0041]    [0041] 15  Deflection mirror for ( 14 )  
         [0042]    [0042] 16  Refractor beam path at position C (reflection in and out)  
         [0043]    [0043] 17  Deflection mirror for ( 16 ) and ( 8 )  
         [0044]    [0044] 18  Beam splitter for ( 16 )  
         [0045]    [0045] 19  Optical system for refractor beam path (positions A, B and/or C)  
         [0046]    [0046] 20  Refractor  
         [0047]    [0047] 21  Analysis and control unit  
         [0048]    [0048] 22  Monitor  
         [0049]    [0049] 23  Graphics printer  
         [0050]    [0050] 24  Data printer  
         [0051]    [0051] 25  Patient file  
         [0052]    [0052] 26  Illuminating optical system  
         [0053]    [0053] 27  Shutter (stop(s))  
         [0054]    [0054] 28  (Partial) beam paths for ( 29 )  
         [0055]    [0055] 29  Observer (surgeon)