Abstract:
The present invention is provided with: a supply feeder that supplies the low-grade charcoal; heating means that heat the low-grade charcoal; a shooter that sends out carbonization gas and generated carbonized charcoal; a reference gas supply source that adds a reference gas to the carbonization gas; a gas concentration measurement device that measures the concentration (Cs) of the reference gas and the concentration (Cc) of carbon dioxide in the mixed gas of the reference gas and the carbonization gas from the shooter; and a computation control device that, on the basis of the concentrations (Cc) and (Cs), the supply flow rate of the reference gas, and the supply weight of the low-grade charcoal, calculates the amount of carbon dioxide generated, determines the carbonization fraction of the low-grade charcoal, and controls a heating means in a manner so as to result in a target carbonization fraction.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a pyrolysis apparatus for continuously pyrolyzing a solid organic material by heating the material, while causing the material to flow. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    When a solid organic material is continuously pyrolyzed by heating the material, while causing the material to flow, a rotary kiln described in Patent Literature 1 listed below can be used, for example. The rotary kiln described in Patent Literature 1 is configured as follows. Specifically, an organic material (material to be treated) is supplied to an inner cylinder (furnace core tube), and the inner cylinder is rotated. While the organic material is caused to flow in the inner cylinder by the rotation, the organic material is heated by introducing heated gas into an outer cylinder (heating furnace). In this manner the organic material can be continuously pyrolyzed. In addition, the measurement of the temperature of the organic material with a thermocouple provided to the inner cylinder makes it possible to adjust the temperature of the heated gas. 
       CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
       [0000]    
       
         Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2000-292068 
       
     
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
       [0004]    However, in the rotary kiln described in Patent Literature 1 mentioned above, the temperature of the organic material in contact with the thermocouple is considered to be the temperature of the entire organic material. Hence, when the temperature of the organic material in contact with the thermocouple is very different from the average temperature of the entire organic material, the entire organic material is not heated with a necessary and sufficient amount of heat, and it is possible that the entire organic material cannot be pyrolyzed with a desired pyrolysis ratio (degree). 
         [0005]    In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a pyrolysis apparatus capable of pyrolyzing the entire organic material with a desired pyrolysis ratio and with high precision. 
       Solution to Problem 
       [0006]    To solve the above-described problem, a pyrolysis apparatus according to a first aspect of the invention is characterized in that 
         [0007]    the pyrolysis apparatus comprises: 
         [0008]    a furnace main body in which a solid organic material flows; 
         [0009]    organic material supply means for supplying the organic material into the furnace main body; 
         [0010]    heating means for heating the organic material in the furnace main body; 
         [0011]    sending-out means for sending out a solid pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis gas resulting from the heating and pyrolysis in the furnace main body; 
         [0012]    standard gas supply means for adding a standard gas including an inert gas to the pyrolysis gas; 
         [0013]    gas concentration measurement means for measuring a concentration Cs of the standard gas and a concentration Cc of an analyte gas including at least one of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon gases, and H 2 O in a mixture gas of the pyrolysis gas and the standard gas sent out of the sending-out means; and 
         [0014]    arithmetic control means for
       calculating an amount Fc of the analyte gas generated per unit weight of the organic material by the following formula (1) on the basis of the concentration Cc of the analyte gas and the concentration Cs of the standard gas measured by the gas concentration measurement means, a flow amount Fs per unit time of the standard gas added from the standard gas supply means, and a weight Wo of the organic material supplied per unit time from the organic material supply means into the furnace main body,   determining a pyrolysis ratio Dt per unit weight of the organic material from a map being inputted in advance and showing a relationship between the amount Fc of the analyte gas generated and a pyrolysis ratio per unit weight of the organic material, and   controlling the heating means to make the pyrolysis ratio Dt equal to a desired pyrolysis ratio Dr:       
 
         [0000]        Fc={Fs ( Cc/Cs )}/ Wo   (1).
 
         [0018]    Meanwhile, a pyrolysis apparatus according to a second aspect of the invention is the pyrolysis apparatus according to the first aspect of the invention, characterized in that 
         [0019]    the arithmetic control means controls the heating means to raise a heating temperature of the organic material, when the pyrolysis ratio Dt is lower than the pyrolysis ratio Dr. 
         [0020]    Meanwhile, a pyrolysis apparatus according to a third aspect of the invention is the pyrolysis apparatus according to the first or second aspect of the invention, characterized in that 
         [0021]    the arithmetic control means controls the heating means to lower a heating temperature of the organic material, when the pyrolysis ratio Dt is higher than the pyrolysis ratio Dr. 
         [0022]    Meanwhile, a pyrolysis apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the invention is the pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects of the invention, characterized in that 
         [0023]    the heating means heats the furnace main body from outside. 
         [0024]    Meanwhile, a pyrolysis apparatus according to a fifth aspect of the invention is the pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the invention, characterized in that 
         [0025]    the standard gas supply means supplies the standard gas to the furnace main body on an upstream side thereof in a flow direction of the organic material. 
         [0026]    Meanwhile, a pyrolysis apparatus according to a sixth aspect of the invention is the pyrolysis apparatus according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the invention, characterized in that 
         [0027]    the organic material is a low-rank coal. 
       Advantageous Effects of Invention 
       [0028]    In the pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention, the arithmetic control means calculates the generated amount Fc of the analyte gas by the above-described formula (1) on the basis of the concentration Cc of the analyte gas and the concentration Cs of the standard gas, as well as the flow amount Fs of the standard gas and the weight Wo of the organic material, determines the pyrolysis ratio Dt of the organic material from the map being inputted in advance and showing the relationship between the generated amount Fc of the analyte gas and the pyrolysis ratio of the organic material, and controls the heating means to make the pyrolysis ratio Dt equal to a desired pyrolysis ratio Dr. Hence, the amount of heat applied to the organic material can be set on the basis of the pyrolysis ratio (degree) of the entire organic material after the completion of pyrolysis. Therefore, even when the temperature of the organic material in the furnace main body greatly varies depending on the position, the entire organic material can be heated with a necessary and sufficient amount of heat without being influenced by the variation. Consequently, the entire organic material can be pyrolyzed with a desired pyrolysis ratio Dr and with high precision. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0029]      FIG. 1  is a schematic structural diagram of a main embodiment of a pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention. 
           [0030]      FIG. 2  is a map showing a relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide generated per unit weight of low-rank coal and the pyrolysis ratio (degree) of the low-rank coal for each type of low-rank coal and being inputted in advance into an arithmetic control device of the pyrolysis apparatus of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0031]      FIG. 3  is a map showing a relationship between the amount of carbon monoxide generated per unit weight of low-rank coal and the pyrolysis ratio (degree) of the low-rank coal for each type of low-rank coal and being inputted in advance into arithmetic control means of another embodiment of the pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention. 
           [0032]      FIG. 4  is a map showing a relationship between the amount of methane (a hydrocarbon gas) generated per unit weight of low-rank coal and the pyrolysis ratio (degree) of the low-rank coal for each type of low-rank coal and being inputted in advance into arithmetic control means of still another embodiment of the pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0033]    Embodiments of a pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention are described based on the drawings; however, the present invention is not limited exclusively to the following embodiments described based on the drawings. 
       Main Embodiment 
       [0034]    A main embodiment of the pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention is described based on  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         [0035]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , in a fixedly supported outer cylinder (jacket)  111 , an inner cylinder (furnace main body)  112  is rotatably supported. To abase end (on the left side in  FIG. 1 ) of the inner cylinder  112 , a tip end (on the right side in  FIG. 1 ) of a supply feeder  113  is connected, while allowing the rotation of the inner cylinder  112 . The supply feeder  113  feeds a dried low-rank coal (low-quality coal)  1  such as lignite or sub-bituminous coal, which is a solid organic material. 
         [0036]    On a base end side (the left side in  FIG. 1 ) of the supply feeder  113 , a supply hopper  114  into which the low-rank coal  1  can be introduced is provided. On a base end side of the inner cylinder  112 , a standard gas supply source  115  which is standard gas supply means for supplying a standard gas  4  including nitrogen gas is connected to the inner cylinder  112 , with a flow amount adjustment valve  115   a  provided therebetween. 
         [0037]    On the tip end side (the right side in  FIG. 1 ) of the inner cylinder  112 , a chute  116  is connected to the inner cylinder  112 , while allowing the rotation of the inner cylinder  112 . The chute  116  is sending-out means for dropping downward and sending out pyrolyzed coal  2 , which is a solid pyrolysis product obtained by pyrolyzing the low-rank coal  1 , and for sending out pyrolysis gas  3 , formed with the progress of the pyrolysis of the low-rank coal  1 , through an upper portion of the chute  116 . The upper portion of the chute  116  is connected to a combustion furnace  117  where the pyrolysis gas  3  is combusted. 
         [0038]    To the combustion furnace  117 , a fuel supply source  118  for supplying a fuel  5  for combustion such as natural gas into the combustion furnace  117  is connected, with a flow amount adjustment valve  118   a  provided therebetween. In addition, an air blower  119  for supplying air  6  for combustion into the combustion furnace  117  is connected to the combustion furnace  117 . The combustion furnace  117  is configured such that combustion gas  7  can be generated by combustion of the pyrolysis gas  3  with the fuel  5  and the air  6  and sent out. 
         [0039]    An outlet for the combustion gas  7  of the combustion furnace  117  is connected to the inside of the outer cylinder  111 . To the outer cylinder  111 , an exhaust line  111   a  is connected through which the combustion gas  7  fed into the outer cylinder  111  is emitted to the outside of the system. 
         [0040]    A portion between the upper portion of the chute  116  and the combustion furnace  117  is connected to a gas concentration measurement device  131  such as a gas chromatograph. The gas concentration measurement device  131  is gas concentration measurement means for taking out an aliquot of a mixture gas of the pyrolysis gas  3  and the standard gas  4  sent out of the chute  116 , and measuring the concentrations of components in the gas. The gas concentration measurement device  131  is electrically connected to an input unit of an arithmetic control device  130 , which is arithmetic control means. 
         [0041]    An output unit of the arithmetic control device  130  is electrically connected to a driving motor  113   a  of the supply feeder  113 , the flow amount adjustment valve  115   a  of the standard gas supply source  115 , the flow amount adjustment valve  118   a  of the fuel supply source  118 , and the air blower  119 . The arithmetic control device  130  is configured such that the arithmetic control device  130  can control operations of the driving motor  113   a,  the flow amount adjustment valves  115   a  and  118   a,  the air blower  119 , and the like on the basis of information from the gas concentration measurement device  131 , information inputted in advance, and the like (details are described later). 
         [0042]    Note that, in this embodiment, organic material supply means is constituted by the supply feeder  113 , the supply hopper  114 , and the like, and heating means is constituted by the outer cylinder  111 , the combustion furnace  117 , the fuel supply source  118 , the air blower  119 , and the like. 
         [0043]    Next, operations of such a pyrolysis apparatus  100  according to this embodiment are described. 
         [0044]    After introduction of the low-rank coal  1  into the supply hopper  114 , the type of the low-rank coal  1 , a desired pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dr of the low-rank coal  1 , a weight Wo of the low-rank coal  1  supplied per unit time into the inner cylinder  112 , and a flow amount Fs per unit time of the standard gas  4  supplied into the inner cylinder  112  are inputted to the arithmetic control device  130 , and the inner cylinder  112  is rotated. Here, the arithmetic control device  130  controls an operation of the driving motor  113   a  of the supply feeder  113  to supply the low-rank coal  1  into the inner cylinder  112  at the inputted weight Wo per unit time, and also controls an operation of the flow amount adjustment valve  115   a  of the standard gas supply source  115  to supply the standard gas  4  into the inner cylinder  112  at the inputted flow amount Fs per unit time. Meanwhile, the arithmetic control device  130  controls operations of the flow amount adjustment valve  118   a  of the fuel supply source  118  and the air blower  119  to feed the fuel  5  and the air  6  at standard flow amounts for the beginning of the operations, so that combustion gas  7  is generated at a standard temperature in the combustion furnace  117  and fed into the outer cylinder  111 . 
         [0045]    With the rotation of the inner cylinder  112 , the low-rank coal  1  supplied into the inner cylinder  112  moves in a flowing manner from the base end side (the left side in  FIG. 1 ) to the tip end side (the right side in  FIG. 1 ) of the inner cylinder  112 , while being stirred. Simultaneously, the low-rank coal  1  is heated indirectly through the inner cylinder  112  by the combustion gas  7  fed into the outer cylinder  111 , and pyrolyzed into pyrolyzed coal  2 , which is sent out to the chute  116 , and sent out to the outside of the system through the lower portion of the chute  116 . 
         [0046]    Note that the combustion gas  7  having heated the inner cylinder  112  is emitted to the outside of the system through the exhaust line  111   a.    
         [0047]    In addition, the pyrolysis gas  3  generated with the heating and pyrolysis of the low-rank coal  1  is sent out to the chute  116 , while being mixed in the inner cylinder  112  with the standard gas  4  supplied from the standard gas supply source  115  into the inner cylinder  112  on an upstream side thereof in a flow direction of the low-rank coal  1  to form a mixture gas with the standard gas  4 . The mixture gas is sent out through the upper portion of the chute  116 . While an aliquot of the mixture gas is taken out to the gas concentration measurement device  131 , the rest is fed into the combustion furnace  117 , and combusted with the fuel  5  and the air  6  to form the combustion gas  7 , which is then fed into the outer cylinder  111 . 
         [0048]    The gas concentration measurement device  131  measures constituent ratios (concentrations) of the standard gas  4  and carbon dioxide which is an analyte gas in the mixture gas taken out, and transmits the information to the arithmetic control device  130 . 
         [0049]    The arithmetic control device  130  calculates an amount (volume) Fc of carbon dioxide generated per unit weight of the low-rank coal  1  by the following formula (1) on the basis of the weight Wo of the low-rank coal  1  supplied per unit time into the inner cylinder  112  and the flow amount Fs per unit time of the standard gas  4  supplied into the inner cylinder  112 , which are previously inputted, as well as the information from the gas concentration measurement device  131 , i.e., a constituent ratio (concentration) Cc of carbon dioxide in the mixture gas and a constituent ratio (concentration) Cs of the standard gas  4  in the mixture gas. 
         [0000]        Fc={Fs ( Cc/Cs )}/ Wo   (1)
 
         [0050]    Subsequently, the arithmetic control device  130  determines a pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dt of the pyrolyzed coal  2  corresponding to the generated amount Fc of carbon dioxide for the previously inputted type of the low-rank coal  1  from a map (see  FIG. 2 ) showing a relationship between the amount (volume) Fc of carbon dioxide generated per unit weight of the low-rank coal  1  and the loss (in weight) on pyrolysis per unit weight of the low-rank coal  1 , which are inputted in advance, i.e., the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dt of the pyrolyzed coal  2 . 
         [0051]    Then, the arithmetic control device  130  compares the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dt of the pyrolyzed coal  2  with the previously inputted desired pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dr. When the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dt takes a value within the range of an allowable error of the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dr, the arithmetic control device  130  determines that the low-rank coal  1  is pyrolyzed with the desired pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dr and controls an operation of the flow amount adjustment valve  118   a  of the fuel supply source  118  to feed the fuel  5  at the current flow amount. 
         [0052]    On the other hand, when the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dt takes a value which is not within the range of the allowable error of the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dr, and which is smaller than the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dr (Dt&lt;Dr), the arithmetic control device  130  determines that the loss (in weight) on pyrolysis per unit weight of the low-rank coal  1  is small, i.e., the pyrolysis ratio (degree) of the pyrolyzed coal  2  is low, and controls an operation of the flow amount adjustment valve  118   a  of the fuel supply source  118  so that the fuel  5  can be fed at a flow amount higher than the current flow amount to raise the temperature of the combustion gas  7 . 
         [0053]    Meanwhile, when the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dt takes a value which is not within the range of the allowable error of the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dr, and which is larger than the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dr (Dt&gt;Dr), the arithmetic control device  130  determines that the loss (in weight) on pyrolysis per unit weight of the low-rank coal  1  is large, i.e., the pyrolysis ratio (degree) of the pyrolyzed coal  2  is high, and controls an operation of the flow amount adjustment valve  118   a  of the fuel supply source  118  so that the fuel  5  can be fed at a flow amount lower than the current flow amount to lower the temperature of the combustion gas  7 . 
         [0054]    This enables the pyrolysis with the pyrolyzed coal  2  always having the desired ratio (degree) Dr. 
         [0055]    In other words, the pyrolysis apparatus  100  according to this embodiment is configured as follows. Specifically, by detecting the concentration of carbon dioxide (analyte gas) in the pyrolysis gas  3  after the completion of pyrolysis sent out through the chute  116  together with the pyrolyzed coal  2  after the pyrolysis, the pyrolysis ratio (degree) of the pyrolyzed coal  2  is determined from the map showing the relationship which is determined in advance, and the temperature of the combustion gas  7  is adjusted. 
         [0056]    For this reason, in the pyrolysis apparatus  100  according to this embodiment, the amount of heat applied to the low-rank coal  1  can be set on the basis of the pyrolysis ratio (degree) of the entire pyrolyzed coal  2  after the completion of pyrolysis. Hence, even when the temperature of the low-rank coal  1  in the inner cylinder  112  greatly varies depending on the position, the entire low-rank coal  1  can be heated with a necessary and sufficient amount of heat without being influenced by the variation. 
         [0057]    Accordingly, the pyrolysis apparatus  100  according to this embodiment makes it possible to pyrolyze the entire low-rank coal  1  with the desired pyrolysis ratio Dr and with high precision. 
         [0058]    Moreover, the standard gas  4  is supplied to the pyrolysis gas  3 , and the generated amount of carbon dioxide is determined on the basis of the ratio of carbon dioxide in the pyrolysis gas  3  to the standard gas  4 . Hence, the amount of carbon dioxide generated can be calculated with higher precision, and the entire low-rank coal  1  can be pyrolyzed with the desired pyrolysis ratio Dr and with high precision more reliably in this case than, for example, in a case where the generated amount of carbon dioxide is determined on the basis of the flow amount of the pyrolysis gas  3  sent out through the chute  116 . 
         [0059]    This is because, if the flow amount of the pyrolysis gas  3  is measured by providing a flow meter or the like between the chute  116  and the gas concentration measurement device  131 , tar components and the like contained in the pyrolysis gas  3  adhere to the flow meter or the like, so that it tends to be difficult to accurately measure the flow amount of the pyrolysis gas  3 . 
       Other Embodiments 
       [0060]    Note that, in the above-described embodiment, the standard gas supply source  115  is connected on the base end side of the inner cylinder  112 , i.e., the upstream side in the flow direction of the low-rank coal  1  to supply the standard gas  4  into the inner cylinder  112 . Alternatively, as another embodiment, it is also possible to, for example, connect the standard gas supply source  115  to a position between the chute  116  and the gas concentration measurement device  131  and supply the standard gas  4  to the pyrolysis gas  3 . 
         [0061]    However, it is very preferable to connect the standard gas supply source  115  on the base end side of the inner cylinder  112 , i.e., the upstream side in the flow direction of the low-rank coal  1  and supply the standard gas  4  into the inner cylinder  112  as in the case of the above-described embodiment, because the pyrolysis gas  3  and the standard gas  4  can be uniformly mixed easily and reliably. 
         [0062]    In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the case of the pyrolysis apparatus  100  of a rotary kiln type in which the inner cylinder  112  is rotatably supported in the fixedly supported outer cylinder  111  is described. Alternatively, as another embodiment, it is also possible, for example, to use a pyrolysis apparatus of a conveyor type in which an outer periphery of an inner cylinder (furnace main body) is covered with an outer cylinder (jacket) , and a mesh conveyor or the like is disposed in the inner cylinder. 
         [0063]    In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the pyrolysis is conducted by heating the low-rank coal  1  in the inner cylinder  112  with the combustion gas  7 . Alternatively, as another embodiment, it is also possible, for example, to pyrolyze the low-rank coal in the inner cylinder  112  by heating the inner cylinder  112  with an electric heater or the like. 
         [0064]    However, it is very preferable to conduct the pyrolysis by heating the low-rank coal  1  in the inner cylinder  112  with the combustion gas  7  as in the case of the above-described embodiment, because the pyrolysis gas  3  generated with the pyrolysis of the low-rank coal  1  can be used as a raw material of the combustion gas  7  to achieve effective utilization. 
         [0065]    In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the combustion gas  7  is fed into the outer cylinder  111 , and the pyrolysis is conducted by heating the low-rank coal  1  indirectly through the inner cylinder  112 . Alternatively, as another embodiment, it is also possible to, for example, heat the standard gas  4  by passing the combustion gas  7  through a heat exchanger and also passing the standard gas  4  through the heat exchanger, supply the heated standard gas  4  into the inner cylinder  112 , and conduct the pyrolysis by directly heating the low-rank coal  1 . 
         [0066]    However, it is not very preferable to heat the standard gas  4 , supply the heated standard gas  4  into the inner cylinder  112 , and conduct the pyrolysis by directly heating the low-rank coal  1 , because a large amount of the standard gas  4  has to be used, and the cost increases. 
         [0067]    In addition, in the above-described embodiment, carbon dioxide in the pyrolysis gas  3  is employed as the analyte gas. Alternatively, as another embodiment, it is also possible to, for example, employ carbon monoxide in the pyrolysis gas  3  as the analyte gas, and determine a pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dt of the pyrolyzed coal  2  corresponding to the generated amount Fc of carbon monoxide for the previously inputted type of the low-rank coal  1  from a map showing a relationship between the amount (volume) Fc of carbon monoxide generated per unit weight of the low-rank coal  1  and the loss (in weight) on pyrolysis per unit weight of the low-rank coal  1 , i.e., the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dt of the pyrolyzed coal  2  as shown in  FIG. 3 , and it is also possible to employ methane (hydrocarbon gas) in the pyrolysis gas  3  as the analyte gas, and determine a pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dt of the pyrolyzed coal  2  corresponding to the generated amount Fc of methane (hydrocarbon gas) for the previously inputted type of the low-rank coal  1  from a map showing a relationship between the amount (volume) Fc of methane (hydrocarbon gas) generated per unit weight of the low-rank coal  1  and the loss (in weight) on pyrolysis per unit weight of the low-rank coal  1 , i.e., the pyrolysis ratio (degree) Dt of the pyrolyzed coal  2 , as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
         [0068]    Further, it is possible to employ hydrogen gas in the pyrolysis gas  3  as the analyte gas or H 2 O in the pyrolysis gas  3  as the analyte gas. An analyte gas of a suitable type for the value of the desired pyrolysis ratio Dt may be selected, as appropriate, considering relational characteristics shown by a map determined in advance. 
         [0069]    Here, if necessary, it is also possible to select multiple analyte gases and use a combination thereof. 
         [0070]    In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the case where nitrogen gas is used as the standard gas  4  is described. Alternatively, as another embodiment, for example, an inert gas such as helium gas or argon gas can be used as the standard gas  4 . 
         [0071]    However, it is very preferable to use nitrogen gas as in the case of the above-described embodiment, because the cost can be reduced. 
         [0072]    In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the low-rank coal  1  is pyrolyzed by heating is described. However, the present invention is not limited to this case, and the present invention can be applied to any case in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, as long as a solid organic material is pyrolyzed by heating, and the same operations and effects as those in the above-described embodiment can be obtained. 
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
       [0073]    When the pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention is applied to, for example, a case where a low-rank coal (low-quality coal) such as lignite or sub-bituminous coal is pyrolyzed, the entire low-rank coal can be pyrolyzed with a desired pyrolysis ratio and with high precision. Hence, the pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention can be used extremely industrially advantageously. 
       REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       [0000]    
       
           1  low-rank coal (low-quality coal) 
           2  pyrolyzed coal 
           3  pyrolysis gas 
           4  standard gas 
           5  fuel 
           6  air 
           7  combustion gas 
           100  pyrolysis apparatus 
           111  outer cylinder 
           112  inner cylinder 
           113  supply feeder 
           113   a  driving motor 
           114  supply hopper 
           115  standard gas supply source 
           115   a  flow amount adjustment valve 
           116  chute 
           117  combustion furnace 
           118  fuel supply source 
           118   a  flow amount adjustment valve 
           119  air blower 
           130  arithmetic control device 
           131  gas concentration measurement device