Abstract:
A computer-readable medium contains computer-executable instructions. When the instructions are performed by a processor in an electronic device having embedded contactless payment functionality, the performance of the instructions causes the processor to provide data for a contactless payment transaction. In particular, various systems and methods utilize authentication schemes that already exist on a device in which the contactless payment functionality is embedded. One example of such authentication schemes is the use of password protection to lock or unlock the device in which the contactless payment functionality is embedded. Using the password protection functionality may provide varying levels of authentication protection based on the desires of the user. A number of exemplary uses of such a method and apparatus are disclosed herein.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     The present application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/584,096, filed Aug. 13, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. U.S. application Ser. No. 13/584,096 is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/644,577, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,240,560, filed Dec. 22, 2009, the contents of which are also incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. U.S. application Ser. No. 12/644,577 is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/319,783, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,641,111, filed Dec. 29, 2005, the contents of which are also incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for providing increased security for users of electronic equipment, such as, for example, mobile wireless communications devices, that include embedded circuits for enabling use with contactless payment systems. In particular, the disclosure is directed to methods and apparatus for providing authentication capability for devices that include contactless payment functionality. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Contactless payment systems are gaining widespread acceptance by retailers and are becoming increasingly popular among consumers. In contactless payment systems, also known as “Tap-and-Go” or “Pay and Wave” payment systems, consumers use a payment card or other device that is equipped with an integrated chip and antenna that securely communicates consumer account information via a radio frequency communication link to a retailer&#39;s payment terminal. The payment terminal then connects to an appropriate financial network or other back-end processing system via, for example, a communication network, to authorize the transaction. Once authorized, the consumer completes the transaction. This scheme of contactless payment accomplishes a transaction in a fraction of the time required by cash, traditional credit cards or debit card transactions, which require a card to be swiped through a reader. 
     Contactless payment devices typically include a chip and antenna. The chip includes, for example, consumer account information. When the chip is brought into close enough proximity to a suitable reader, the antenna will be activated and will transmit the consumer account information residing on the chip to the reader. Of course, to avoid errors and ensure that the reader is communicating with the correct device, the proximity of the contactless payment device to the reader required to activate the antenna is typically on the order of a very few inches at most. 
     The chip and antenna of known contactless payment systems may be incorporated into any of a number of form factors that are convenient for consumers. For example, these chips and antenna have been embedded into key fobs, contactless smart cards, and even cellular telephones. In the future, these chips and antenna may be incorporated into any of a variety of forms due to their small size. Because mobile wireless communications devices, such as, for example, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, mobile e-mail devices, and the like, are being carried by more and more consumers, inclusion of the contactless payment system chips and antenna in these devices is becoming increasingly common. 
     However, such contactless payment systems suffer from a serious disadvantage that may result in unauthorized use of the device and significant loss of money or credit. For example, if a contactless payment device is lost, there is no quick and reliable way to avoid unauthorized use of the contactless payment device before the issuer of the account associated with the device is contacted by the user and the system cancels use of that particular device. In particular, there is no known solution for ensuring that the user of the contactless payment device is authorized to make payment using the contactless payment device. Of course, one solution may be to have the user enter a personal identification number or other like code at the point of sale to ensure that the user is authorized to make payment using the contactless device. This may be accomplished, for example, via a keypad associated with a contactless payment device reader. However, this solution may be somewhat at odds with the advantages associated with the use of such contactless payment systems in which speed and ease of use are paramount. Entering identifying information would slow the transaction speed down, and would not result in any more convenience than that associated with swiping a conventional credit or debit card to read its magnetic stripe. 
     Therefore, what is needed is a transparent way to authenticate a user of a contactless payment device that maintains the speed and convenience of contactless payment, while maintaining an acceptable level of security to ensure that unauthorized use of the device is restricted. 
     SUMMARY 
     In view of the foregoing, we have now identified an efficient, accurate and easy to implement system and method for authenticating contactless payments that is user friendly and transparent to the overall contactless payment system, yet maintains the convenience and transaction speed that make such contactless payment systems advantageous and desirable. 
     According to an exemplary embodiment, the contactless payment system chip may be integrated with the security system of the device into which it is integrated, such as, for example, a mobile wireless communications device. The mobile wireless communication device must have the ability to enable and/or disable use of the payment functionality of the contactless payment system chip. For example, the mobile wireless communication device may include password functionality that is typically used to enable use of the mobile wireless communications device for features other than contactless payment, such as, for example, locking the mobile wireless communication device keypad. If there is no password set for the mobile wireless communication device, then the payment functionality of the contactless payment chip is always enabled for use. However, if the password of the mobile electronic communication device is set, use of the payment functionality of the contactless payment chip may be disabled when the mobile wireless communication device is locked. If the mobile wireless communication device is in an unlocked condition, the payment functionality of the contactless payment chip is enabled for use. In the situation where contactless payment is attempted, but the mobile wireless communication device is locked, the user may be prompted by any number of means, such as, for example, vibration, tone or message on a screen of the mobile wireless communication device, or an indication from the contactless payment reader, to enter the appropriate password to unlock the device and enable contactless payment. If the correct password is not entered for a predetermined number of attempts, use of the payment functionality of the contactless payment chip is disabled and the transaction is not completed. 
     In another embodiment, where the user may prefer a very rigorous and highly secure solution, entry of the password of the device in which the contactless payment chip is integrated, such as, for example, a mobile wireless communication device, may be required whenever a contactless payment transaction is attempted, regardless of the locked or unlocked condition of the device in which the contactless payment chip is integrated. 
     In yet another advantageous embodiment, the user may be required to enter a password to enable use of the payment functionality of the contactless payment chip once every predetermined number of contactless payment transactions. For example, the device may be set to request entry of a password upon the occurrence of every tenth contactless payment transaction. The device keeps track of the number of contactless payment transactions. Upon detection of the tenth attempted transaction, the device will prompt the user for entry of the appropriate password. If the correct password is entered, the transaction is enabled, and the counter which keeps track of the number of attempted contactless payment transactions is reset to zero. If the correct password is not entered after a predetermined number of attempts, use of the payment functionality of the contactless payment chip is disabled. This exemplary embodiment reduces the amount of potential loss, while maintaining a relatively high level of convenience for the user. 
     In another exemplary embodiment, contactless payment functionality may be associated with a so-called “smart card.” In this example, the smart card may include a chip that provides contactless payment functionality. The smart card having contactless payment functionality may be inserted into a smart card reader that is in communication with, for example, a mobile wireless communication device via a wireless connection, such as, for example, a Bluetooth™ connection. Additionally, the smart card reader may be a portable reader that is wearable by the user via, for example, a lanyard, or the like. When the smart card reader containing the smart card (including contactless payment functionality) is brought in proximity of a contactless payment reader, use of the contactless payment functionality may be controlled by the mobile wireless communications device in a manner similar to that described above, by controlling the smart card reader via wireless connection between the smart card reader and the mobile wireless communication device. For example, the mobile wireless communication device may include password functionality that is typically used to enable use of the mobile wireless communications device for features other than contactless payment, such as, for example, locking the mobile wireless communication device keypad. If there is no password set for the mobile wireless communication device, then the contactless payment chip is always enabled for use. However, if the password of the mobile electronic communication device is set, use of the payment functionality of the contactless payment chip may be disabled via the smart card reader when the mobile wireless communication device is locked. If the mobile wireless communication device is in an unlocked condition, the payment functionality of the contactless payment chip is enabled for use by the smart card reader. In the situation where contactless payment is attempted, but the mobile wireless communication device is locked, the user may be prompted by any number of means, such as, for example, vibration, tone or message on a screen of the mobile wireless communication device, or an indication from the contactless payment reader, to enter the appropriate password to unlock the device via the smart card reader and enable contactless payment. If the correct password is not entered for a predetermined number of attempts, use of the payment functionality of the contactless payment chip is disabled and the transaction is not completed. It will be understood that other security schemes using the security features of the mobile wireless communication device may be used, and other uses of the password functionality, such as those described above in connection with different exemplary embodiments may be used. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and other embodiments together with their attendant advantages are described herein with reference to the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like elements, and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary contactless payment system; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a wireless mobile communication device as an example of an electronic device having an integrated contactless payment chip and antenna; 
         FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of contactless payment authentication according to an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of contactless payment authentication according to another exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a flow diagram illustrating yet another method of contactless payment authentication according to another exemplary embodiment; and 
         FIG. 6  is an illustrative schematic block diagram of an exemplary contactless payment system employing a smart card and portable smart card reader. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary contactless payment system  10 . According to this illustrative example, a contactless payment device  100 , such as, for example, a contactless payment card, key fob, cellular telephone, mobile wireless communication device, or the like, is equipped with an integrated contactless payment chip  110  and radio-frequency antenna  130 . The chip  110  includes consumer account information  120  that can be used by the system  10  to enable contactless payment transactions. 
     In operation, when a user desires to make a contactless payment, the user brings the contactless payment device  100  into close proximity of a contactless payment terminal or reader  140 . The contactless payment terminal or reader  140  emits a signal that will activate the antenna  130  associated with the contactless payment chip  110  of the contactless payment device  100 . Upon activation, the antenna  130  transmits the consumer account information  120  embedded in the contactless payment chip  110  to the contactless payment terminal or reader  140 . Upon receipt of the consumer account information  120  from the contactless payment device  100 , the contactless payment terminal or reader  140  transmits the consumer account information  120  to a transaction processing system  160  via a communications network  150 , such as, for example, a secure communications or computer network. 
     The transaction processing system  160  verifies the consumer account information  120  received from the contactless payment terminal or reader  140 . The transaction processing system  160  then provides an indication to the contactless payment terminal or reader  140  via, for example, the communication network  150 , whether the transaction is approved or declined. 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an exemplary wireless mobile communication device as an example of an electronic device in which a contactless payment chip  110  and antenna  130  may be embedded and/or integrated for providing contactless payment functionality. However, it should be understood that the systems and methods disclosed herein may be used with many different types of devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), cellular telephones, or the like. 
     The mobile device  500  is preferably a two-way communication device having at least voice and data communication capabilities. The mobile device  500  preferably has the capability to communicate with other computer systems on the Internet. Depending on the functionality provided by the mobile device, the mobile device may be referred to as a data messaging device, a two-way pager, a cellular telephone with data messaging capabilities, a wireless Internet appliance, or a data communication device (with or without telephony capabilities). As mentioned above, such devices are referred to generally herein as mobile devices. 
     The mobile device  500  includes a transceiver  511 , a microprocessor  538 , a display  522 , non-volatile memory  524 , random access memory (RAM)  526 , auxiliary input/output (I/O) devices  528 , a serial port  530 , a keyboard  532 , a speaker  534 , a microphone  536 , a short-range wireless communications sub-system  540 , and may also include other device sub-systems  542 . The transceiver  511  preferably includes transmit and receive antennas  516 ,  518 , a receiver (Rx)  512 , a transmitter (Tx)  514 , one or more local oscillators (LOs)  513 , and a digital signal processor (DSP)  520 . Within the non-volatile memory  524 , the mobile device  500  includes a plurality of software modules  524 A- 524 N that can be executed by the microprocessor  538  (and/or the DSP  520 ), including a voice communication module  524 A, a data communication module  524 B, and a plurality of other operational modules  524 N for carrying out a plurality of other functions. The mobile device  500  may also include a contactless payment chip  110  and associated antenna  130  that may optionally be operatively coupled to the microprocessor  538  of the mobile device  500  to provide contactless payment functionality. 
     The mobile device  500  is preferably a two-way communication device having voice and data communication capabilities. Thus, for example, the mobile device  500  may communicate over a voice network, such as any of the analog or digital cellular networks, and may also communicate over a data network. The voice and data networks are depicted in  FIG. 2  by the communication tower  519 . These voice and data networks may be separate communication networks using separate infrastructure, such as base stations, network controllers, etc., or they may be integrated into a single wireless network. References to the network  519  should therefore be interpreted as encompassing both a single voice and data network and separate networks. 
     The communication subsystem  511  is used to communicate with the network  519 . The DSP  520  is used to send and receive communication signals to and from the transmitter  514  and receiver  512 , and also exchange control information with the transmitter  514  and receiver  512 . If the voice and data communications occur at a single frequency, or closely-spaced set of frequencies, then a single LO  513  may be used in conjunction with the transmitter  514  and receiver  512 . Alternatively, if different frequencies are utilized for voice communications versus data communications or the mobile device  500  is enabled for communications on more than one network  519 , then a plurality of LOs  513  can be used to generate frequencies corresponding to those used in the network  519 . Although two antennas  516 ,  518  are depicted in  FIG. 2 , the mobile device  500  could be used with a single antenna structure. Information, which includes both voice and data information, is communicated to and from the communication module  511  via a link between the DSP  520  and the microprocessor  538 . 
     The detailed design of the communication subsystem  511 , such as frequency band, component selection, power level, etc., is dependent upon the communication network  519  in which the mobile device  500  is intended to operate. For example, a mobile device  500  intended to operate in a North American market may include a communication subsystem  511  designed to operate with the Mobitex or DataTAC mobile data communication networks and also designed to operate with any of a variety of voice communication networks, such as AMPS, TDMA, CDMA, PCS, etc., whereas a mobile device  500  intended for use in Europe may be configured to operate with the GPRS data communication network and the GSM voice communication network. Other types of data and voice networks, both separate and integrated, may also be utilized with the mobile device  500 . 
     Communication network access requirements for the mobile device  500  also vary depending upon the type of network  519 . For example, in the Mobitex and DataTAC data networks, mobile devices are registered on the network using a unique identification number associated with each device. In GPRS data networks, however, network access is associated with a subscriber or user of the mobile device  500 . A GPRS device typically requires a subscriber identity module (“SIM”), which is required in order to operate the mobile device  500  on a GPRS network. Local or non-network communication functions (if any) may be operable, without the SIM, but the mobile device  500  is unable to carry out functions involving communications over the network  519 , other than any legally required operations, such as “911” emergency calling. 
     After any required network registration or activation procedures have been completed, the mobile device  500  is able to send and receive communication signals, preferably including both voice and data signals, over the network  519 . Signals received by the antenna  516  from the communication network  519  are routed to the receiver  512 , which provides for signal amplification, frequency down conversion, filtering, channel selection, etc., and may also provide analog to digital conversion. Analog to digital conversion of the received signal allows more complex communication functions, such as digital demodulation and decoding, to be performed using the DSP  520 . In a similar manner, signals to be transmitted to the network  519  are processed, including modulation and encoding, for example, by the DSP  520  and are then provided to the transmitter  514  for digital to analog conversion, frequency up conversion, filtering, amplification and transmission to the communication network  519  via the antenna  518 . Although a single transceiver  511  is shown for both voice and data communications, in alternative embodiments, the mobile device  500  may include multiple distinct transceivers, such as a first transceiver for transmitting and receiving voice signals, and a second transceiver for transmitting and receiving data signals, or a first transceiver configured to operate within a first frequency band, and a second transceiver configured to operate within a second frequency band. 
     In addition to processing the communication signals, the DSP  520  also provides for receiver and transmitter control. For example, the gain levels applied to communication signals in the receiver  512  and transmitter  514  may be adaptively controlled through automatic gain control algorithms implemented in the DSP  520 . Other transceiver control algorithms could also be implemented in the DSP  520  in order to provide more sophisticated control of the transceiver  511 . 
     The microprocessor  538  preferably manages and controls the overall operation of the mobile device  500 . Many types of microprocessors or microcontrollers could be used here, or, alternatively, a single DSP  520  could be used to carry out the functions of the microprocessor  538 . Low-level communication functions, including at least data and voice communications, are performed through the DSP  520  in the transceiver  511 . High-level communication applications, including the voice communication application  524 A, and the data communication application  524 B are stored in the non-volatile memory  524  for execution by the microprocessor  538 . For example, the voice communication module  524 A may provide a high-level user interface operable to transmit and receive voice calls between the mobile device  500  and a plurality of other voice devices via the network  519 . Similarly, the data communication module  524 B may provide a high-level user interface operable for sending and receiving data, such as e-mail messages, files, organizer information, short text messages, etc., between the mobile device  500  and a plurality of other data devices via the network  519 . 
     The microprocessor  538  also interacts with other device subsystems, such as the display  522 , RAM  526 , auxiliary I/O devices  528 , serial port  530 , keyboard  532 , speaker  534 , microphone  536 , a short-range communications subsystem  540  and any other device subsystems generally designated as  542 . For example, the modules  524 A-N are executed by the microprocessor  538  and may provide a high-level interface between a user of the mobile device and the mobile device. This interface typically includes a graphical component provided through the display  522 , and an input/output component provided through the auxiliary I/O devices  528 , keyboard  532 , speaker  534 , or microphone  536 . Additionally, the microprocessor  538  is capable of running a variety of applications that may be present in the device non-volatile memory  524 , including applications that have access to various privileges, as will be described in more detail herein. 
     Some of the subsystems shown in  FIG. 2  perform communication-related functions, whereas other subsystems may provide “resident” or on-device functions. Notably, some subsystems, such as keyboard  532  and display  522  may be used for both communication-related functions, such as entering a text message for transmission over a data communication network, and device-resident functions such as a calculator or task list or other PDA type functions. Another example of an application that may be controlled by the microprocessor  538  of the mobile device  500  is the password protection of the device  500 , wherein operation of the device or keyboard may be made dependent upon the locking or unlocking of the device  500  using, for example, a password entered via the keyboard  532 , or the like. 
     Operating system software used by the microprocessor  538  is preferably stored in a persistent store such as the non-volatile memory  524 . In addition to the operating system and communication modules  524 A-N, the non-volatile memory  524  may include a file system for storing data. The non-volatile memory  524  may also include data stores for owner information and owner control information. The operating system, specific device applications or modules, or parts thereof, may be temporarily loaded into a volatile store, such as RAM  526  for faster operation. Moreover, received communication signals may also be temporarily stored to RAM  526 , before permanently writing them to a file system located in the non-volatile memory  524 . The non-volatile memory  524  may be implemented, for example, with Flash memory, non-volatile RAM, or battery backed-up RAM. 
     An exemplary application module  524 N that may be loaded onto the mobile device  500  is a PIM application providing PDA functionality, such as calendar events, appointments, and task items. This module  524 N may also interact with the voice communication module  524 A for managing phone calls, voice mails, etc., and may also interact with the data communication module  524 B for managing e-mail communications and other data transmissions. Alternatively, all of the functionality of the voice communication module  524 A and the data communication module  524 B may be integrated into the PIM module. 
     The non-volatile memory  524  preferably provides a file system to facilitate storage of PIM data items on the device. The PIM application preferably includes the ability to send and receive data items, either by itself, or in conjunction with the voice and data communication modules  524 A,  524 B, via the wireless network  519 . The PIM data items are preferably seamlessly integrated, synchronized and updated, via the wireless network  519 , with a corresponding set of data items stored or associated with a host computer system, thereby creating a mirrored system for data items associated with a particular user. 
     The mobile device  500  is manually synchronized with a host system by placing the mobile device  500  in an interface cradle, which couples the serial port  530  of the mobile device  500  to a serial port of the host system. The serial port  530  may also be used to insert owner information and owner control information onto the mobile device  500  and to download other application modules  524 N for installation on the mobile device  500 . This wired download path may further be used to load an encryption key onto the mobile device  500  for use in secure communications, which is a more secure method than exchanging encryption information via the wireless network  519 . 
     Owner information, owner control information and additional application modules  524 N may be loaded onto the mobile device  500  through the network  519 , through an auxiliary I/O subsystem  528 , through the short-range communications subsystem  540 , or through any other suitable subsystem  542 , and installed by a user in the non-volatile memory  524  or RAM  526 . Such flexibility in application installation increases the functionality of the mobile device  500  and may provide enhanced on-device functions, communication-related functions, or both. For example, secure communication applications may enable electronic commerce functions and other such financial transactions to be performed using the mobile device  500 . 
     When the mobile device  500  is operating in a data communication mode, a received signal, such as a text message or a web page download, will be processed by the transceiver  511  and provided to the microprocessor  538 , which preferably further processes the received signal for output to the display  522 , or, alternatively, to an auxiliary I/O device  528 . Owner information, owner control information, commands or requests related to owner information or owner control information, and software applications received by the transceiver  511  are processed as described above. A user of mobile device  500  may also compose data items, such as email messages, using the keyboard  532 , which is preferably a complete alphanumeric keyboard laid out in the QWERTY style, although other styles of complete alphanumeric keyboards such as the known DVORAK style may also be used. User input to the mobile device  500  is further enhanced with the plurality of auxiliary I/O devices  528 , which may include a thumbwheel input device, a touchpad, a variety of switches, a rocker input switch, etc. The composed data items input by the user are then transmitted over the communication network  519  via the transceiver  511 . 
     When the mobile device  500  is operating in a voice communication mode, the overall operation of the mobile device  500  is substantially similar to the data mode, except that received signals are output to the speaker  534  and voice signals for transmission are generated by a microphone  536 . In addition, the secure messaging techniques described above might not necessarily be applied to voice communications. Alternative voice or audio I/O devices, such as a voice message recording subsystem, may also be implemented on the mobile device  500 . Although voice or audio signal output is accomplished through the speaker  534 , the display  522  may also be used to provide an indication of the identity of a calling party, the duration of a voice call, or other voice call related information. For example, the microprocessor  538 , in conjunction with the voice communication module  524 A and the operating system software, may detect the caller identification information of an incoming voice call and display it on the display  522 . 
     A short-range communications subsystem  540  is also be included in the mobile device  500 . For example, the subsystem  540  may include an infrared device and associated circuits and components, or a Bluetooth or 802.11 short-range wireless communication module to provide for communication with similarly-enabled systems and devices. Thus, owner information insertion, owner control information insertion, and application loading operations as described above may be enabled on the mobile device  500  via the serial port  530  or other short-range communications subsystem  540 . 
     The exemplary mobile device  500  described herein may also include an embedded or integrated contactless payment chip  110  and antenna  130 , such as that described above. As such, the mobile device  500  is provided with optional contactless payment functionality that may include a degree of password protection as will be illustratively described herein with reference to  FIGS. 3-5 . 
       FIG. 2  represents a specific example of an electronic device in which contactless payment systems and methods described herein may be implemented. Implementation of such systems and methods in other electronic devices having further, fewer, or different components than those shown in  FIG. 2  would occur to one skilled in the art to which this application pertains and are therefore considered to be within the scope of the present application. 
       FIG. 3  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of contactless payment authentication according to an exemplary embodiment. In this example, upon detection of an attempted use of a contactless payment chip  300  that is, for example, embedded in a mobile wireless communication device  500 , an inquiry is made to determine whether the device  500  has authentication functionality, such as, for example, password protection functionality enabled  310 . Detection of an attempted use of the contactless payment chip may be determined in any number of ways, such as, for example, detection of activation of the antenna  130 . If, in step  310 , it is determined that there is no password protection, or that password protection features are not enabled, the device  500  enables use of the payment functionality of the embedded contactless payment chip  110  to complete the transaction  320 . On the other hand, if in step  310  it is determined that the device  500  has enabled password features, the device  500  determines whether the device is locked  330 . If the device is not locked, the device  500  enables use of the payment functionality of the embedded contactless payment chip  110  to complete the transaction  320 . If the device is locked, the user is prompted to enter the password  340  using, for example, the keyboard  532  of the device  500 . As described above, the user may be prompted by any number of methods, such as, for example, vibration of the device, emission of a tone by the device, display of a message on the device screen, a message on the contactless payment reader, etc. If the correct password is entered  350 , then the device  500  enables use of the payment functionality of the embedded contactless payment chip  110  to complete the transaction  320 . On the other hand, if the incorrect password is entered  350 , the device  500  disables use of the contactless payment functions  360 . Disabling use of the payment functionality of the chip  110  may be achieved by any number of acceptable means, such as, for example, and without limitation, disabling the antenna  130  so that transmission of payment related data from the chip to the payment terminal  140 , smart card reader  770 , or the like. Alternatively, a predetermined number of attempts to enter the correct password may be allowed to allow the user some flexibility and to avoid unnecessary denial of access. 
     In this manner, a certain level of security is provided to the contactless payment functionality via the device  500 . This security level is not intrusive and can be set to any level desired by the user. For example, the user may desire no security whatsoever, in which case the user may set the device to not use password protection at all. Alternatively, the device may only be locked at certain times, and may be unlocked for long periods of time. Of course, the device may be locked upon the occurrence of any event, which would provide a very high, albeit somewhat intrusive, level of security. In any event, the level of security is determined based on a comfort level of the user. It will also be understood that the authentication functionality may be implemented in any suitable manner including, but not limited to, being implemented on a processor of the device or a by a server that may run various applications specific to the device or system. 
     In another embodiment, as illustrated in the flow diagram of  FIG. 4 , a more intrusive, but highly secure method of contactless payment authentication is disclosed. According to this example, upon detection of attempted use of the embedded contactless payment functionality  400 , as described above, a determination is made as to whether the device  500  has authentication functionality, such as, for example, password functionality enabled  410 . If password functionality is not enabled or if the device does not have any password functionality, use of the contactless payment functionality is enabled  420 . If the device  500  does have password functionality that is enabled  410 , the user is prompted for the password  430 . As described above, the user may be prompted by any number of methods, such as, for example, vibration of the device, emission of a tone by the device, display of a message on the device screen, a message on the contactless payment reader, etc. After entry of the password  440 , it is determined whether the password is correct  450 . If the password entered by the user  440  is correct, use of the contactless payment functionality is enabled  420 . If the password entered by the user is incorrect, the use of contactless payment functionality is disabled  460 . As described above, the system may be designed to allow a predetermined number of password entry attempts prior to disabling the use of contactless payment functionality. 
     The illustrative example set forth in  FIG. 4  is the most secure, but is also the most intrusive and time consuming. However, for those who value security over convenience and time savings, the solution set forth in this example may be preferred. As set forth above, it will be understood that the authentication functionality may be implemented in any suitable manner including, but not limited to, being implemented on a processor of the device or a by a server that may run various applications specific to the device or system. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 5 , another method of contactless payment authentication according to another exemplary embodiment is illustrated. According to this example, the device  500  is set to check for an authentication code, such as, for example, a password upon the detection of a predetermined number of contactless payment attempts. In this manner, a certain level of security is provided wherein limitless unauthorized use of the embedded contactless payment functionality is prevented, while minimizing the intrusiveness and inconvenience that may be associated with password verification of contactless payments. In this example, a counter that keeps track of the number of contactless payment attempts is first set to zero  600 . Each time a contactless payment attempt is detected  610  by the device  500 , the counter is incremented  620 . The counter is checked  630  each time a contactless payment is attempted  610 . So long as the counter is determined to be less than a predetermined number  630 , use of contactless payment functionality embedded in the device  500  is enabled  640 . If the counter is determined to be greater than or equal to the predetermined number of attempts  630 , the user is prompted to enter the password  650 . As described above, the user may be prompted by any number of methods, such as, for example, vibration of the device, emission of a tone by the device, display of a message on the device screen, a message on the contactless payment reader, etc. After entry of the password  660 , it is determined whether the password is correct  670 . If the password entered by the user  670  is correct, use of the contactless payment functionality is enabled  690  and the counter is reset to zero  600 . If the password entered by the user is incorrect, the use of contactless payment functionality is disabled  680 . As described above, the system may be designed to allow a predetermined number of password entry attempts prior to disabling the use of contactless payment functionality. 
     In this example, the user may have to supply their password once in every predetermined number of contactless payment attempts. Operating the contactless payment system according to this embodiment would reduce user interaction and inconvenience, while at the same time reducing the amount of unlawful or unauthorized usage. As described above, the system may be designed to allow a predetermined number of password entry attempts prior to disabling the use of contactless payment functionality. 
     In another example, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , contactless payment functionality may be associated with a so-called smart card  700 . In this example, the smart card  700  may include a chip  710  that provides contactless payment functionality via consumer account information  710  resident on the chip, and an antenna  730  that is used to transmit information to a contactless payment reader  740 . The smart card  700  having contactless payment functionality may be inserted into a smart card reader  770  that is in communication with, for example, a mobile wireless communication device  780  via a wireless connection, such as, for example, a Bluetooth™ connection. Additionally, the smart card reader  770  may be a portable reader that is wearable by the user via, for example, a lanyard (not shown), or the like. When the smart card reader  770  containing the smart card (including contactless payment functionality)  700  is brought in proximity of a contactless payment reader  740 , use of the contactless payment functionality may be controlled by the mobile wireless communications device  780  in a manner similar to that described above, by controlling the smart card reader  770  via wireless connection between the smart card reader  770  and the mobile wireless communication device  780 . As described above, when the contactless payment terminal  740  receives consumer account information  710  from the smart card  700  via the antenna  730 , this information is sent to a transaction processing system  760  over a communication network  750 . The transaction processing system  760  authenticates the consumer account information  710  and sends an indication to the contactless payment terminal  740 , via the communication network  750 , as to whether the transaction is authorized. 
     As set forth above, security features of the mobile wireless communication device  780  may be used to control the transmission of consumer account information  710  when the smart card reader  770  is in proximity to the contactless payment terminal  740 . For example, the mobile wireless communication device  780  may include password functionality that is typically used to enable use of the mobile wireless communications device for features other than contactless payment, such as, for example, locking the mobile wireless communication device  780  keypad. If there is no password set for the mobile wireless communication device  780 , then the payment functionality of the contactless payment chip is always enabled for use. However, if the password of the mobile electronic communication device  780  is set, use of the payment functionality of the contactless payment chip  710  may be disabled via the smart card reader  770  when the mobile wireless communication device  780  is locked. If the mobile wireless communication device  780  is in an unlocked condition, contactless payment functionality is enabled for use by the smart card reader  770 . In the situation where contactless payment is attempted, but the mobile wireless communication device  780  is locked, the user may be prompted by any number of means, such as, for example, vibration, tone or message on a screen of the mobile wireless communication device  780 , or an indication from the contactless payment reader  740 , to enter the appropriate password to unlock the device via the smart card reader  770  and enable contactless payment. If the correct password is not entered for a predetermined number of attempts, the contactless payment functionality is disabled and the transaction is not completed. It will be understood that other security schemes using the security features of the mobile wireless communication device may be used, and other uses of the password functionality, such as those described above in connection with different exemplary embodiments may be used, such as, for example, those described above in connection with  FIGS. 3-5 . 
     While this disclosure describes specific exemplary embodiments, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments described herein, are intended to be illustrative, not limiting. Various changes may be made without departing from the true spirit and full scope of the invention, as defined in the following claims.