Abstract:
A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method and apparatus for integration of radiology information into an Application Server Provider DICOM Image Archive and/or Web Based Viewer. A preferred embodiment includes a medical information source that includes medical information in a medical information format, a medical image source that includes medical images in a medical image format, a data center for storing medical images and medical information in at least one format, and an interface for transmitting images and medical information between the medical information source and the medical image source and the data center. In a preferred embodiment, the interface simultaneously transmits both medical images and medical information in different formats.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION  
         [0001]    The preferred embodiments of the present invention generally relate to centralized medical information systems, and in particular relate to a method and system for integration of radiology information into an Application Server Provider (ASP) DICOM Image Archive (Archive) and/or Web Based Viewer (Viewer).  
           [0002]    Medical images improve diagnosis and/or treatment of patients by healthcare professionals by helping healthcare professionals to identify and locate problems in a patient (such as fractures, foreign objects, tumors, etc.), for example. Medical reports and other data (such as radiology information, for example) further improve effective and accurate patient diagnosis and treatment by providing supplemental information such as the size of a foreign object, patient chemical levels, patient history, bone density, and/or other patient data, for example.  
           [0003]    Some healthcare facilities (such as hospitals, clinics, doctors” offices, or other medical offices) maintain on site databases to store medical images. Typically, such an on site database of images is called a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). A PACS may be used, for example, to obtain, store, and distribute electronic images, such as medical images. Additionally, a PACS may allow images to be archived in electronic form in a central location on site. A PACS may also allow images to be shared among different users because the images are locally centralized and able to be accessed at numerous points on site. Convenient access to patient data through a PACS may improve individual hospital workflow by eliminating the need to physically transfer images and by providing multiple viewing stations for imaging results.  
           [0004]    Typically, data stored in a PACS is stored as DICOM data. DICOM stands for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine. DICOM is a standard for image and information transmission. DICOM relates to the transfer of electronic data between medical diagnostic and imaging systems. The DICOM protocol may be employed in communication between medical devices and PACS. The DICOM standard enumerates a command set, data formats, interface specifications, communication protocols, and command syntax. However, the DICOM standard does not specify details of implementation. DICOM sets forth Information Objects (types of data, such as computerized tomography, magnetic resonance, x-ray, ultrasound, etc.), Service Classes (actions with data, such as send, receive, print, etc.), and data transmission protocols. The Service Class User (SCU) protocol governs use of the DICOM service. The Service Class Provider (SCP) protocol governs the provider of the DICOM service.  
           [0005]    Some healthcare facilities also maintain clinical information systems for clinical reports and other medical or administrative information. As an example, a Hospital Information System (HIS) may include a Financial Information System (FIS), a Pharmacy Information System (PIS), and/or a Radiology Information System (RIS), for example. A Radiology Information System (RIS) includes radiology information for patients examined. Radiology information may include radiology reports, messages, warnings, alerts, patient scheduling information, patient demographic data, patient tracking information, and physician and patient status monitors, as examples. A RIS may also allow order entry and tracking of images and film. A HIS may be used by any healthcare facility, such as a hospital, clinic, doctor”s office, or other medical office.  
           [0006]    Typically, clinical information systems communicate using the HL-7 (Health Level Seven) protocol. HL-7 is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) accredited standard establishing interface requirements and communication protocols, including a message format for communication and data transfer. Typically, clinical reports from clinical information systems such as hospital information systems, for example, are in HL-7 format. The HL-7 format for clinical reports is not directly compatible with the DICOM format for images.  
           [0007]    Currently, clinical information systems are typically located on site at individual healthcare facilities. Current methods for transferring images and medical information between healthcare facilities rely on physical transfer such as postal mail or courier.  
           [0008]    Typically, individual healthcare facilities have access to only their databases and not the databases of other facilities. Thus, the localized nature of clinical databases limits a patient”s choice of healthcare facility and limits the sharing of information. Thus, there is a need for a method of centralized access to images and medical data.  
           [0009]    Application Service Providers (ASPs) have been employed in the field of computers to allow for centralization of data. ASPs operate as hosts for data and applications. Typically, ASPs maintain applications and data in an off-site data center. ASPs have been hired by companies in the field of computers to manage data and computer applications. Companies may access data and applications via an ASP. Typically, in the computer field, companies remotely access data and applications via an ASP central data location.  
           [0010]    In the field of computers, ASPs offer several desirable services, such as secure data storage, data backup, and redundant systems. Because ASPs offer such services, a customer of an ASP may not have to incur additional expenses for its own security, backup, and storage systems. In addition to functioning as a remote database, ASPs may host a number of applications that may be activated or accessed remotely by customers. By concentrating computing power and maintenance at the ASP, the ASP may offer continuous access to and support of the applications and alleviate the need for the customer to purchase and maintain its own expensive computer equipment.  
           [0011]    For example, ASPs may provide installation, management, and support of applications and storage of data to many remote clients. Client data may be stored at a remote data center. Data may be retrieved from a remote data center via a communications medium such as the Internet or a private network. Additionally, ASPs may deliver applications such as email systems, resource planning systems, customer relationship management systems, human resource management systems, and proprietary applications to remote clients.  
           [0012]    As described above, it is currently difficult to transfer patient images and reports between healthcare facilities due to the localized nature of the on site databases. Typically, films and reports are manually transferred between facilities (often referred to as “sneaker net” in the art). Manual transfer is inefficient because it wastes time, money, and human resources. Additionally, the separation of DICOM image data and HL-7 clinical reports due to incompatible formats increases hospital computing resource usage due to the need for separate systems. Centralized access to both images and clinical data may improve the workflow of a healthcare facility by providing a single storage system and a single viewing system rather than separate systems for images and for clinical reports. Integrated access to images and clinical reports may allow for improved diagnosis and treatment of patients through fast, comprehensive access to both images and supporting clinical data.  
           [0013]    Thus, a need exists for linking images and clinical reports in a single database. Additionally, there is a need for remote access to images and clinical reports at multiple sites. There is a further need for more efficient transmission of images and clinical reports and for simultaneous transmission of images and clinical reports. There is also a need for centralized storage of images and clinical reports in an application service provider. There is a need for access to images and clinical reports via an application service provider.  
         SUMMARY OF INVENTION  
         [0014]    A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method and system for integration of radiology information into an Application Service Provider DICOM Image Archive and/or Web Based Viewer. A preferred embodiment includes a medical information source that includes medical information in a medical information format, a medical image source that includes medical images in a medical image format, a data center for storing medical images and medical information in at least one format, and an interface for transmitting images and medical information between the medical information source and the medical image source and the data center. In a preferred embodiment, the interface simultaneously transmits both medical images and medical information in different formats. The data center may include an archive for storing medical images and medical information and a viewer for allowing access to medical images and medical information. In a preferred embodiment, the medical image source is a Picture Archiving and Communications System or medical diagnostic imaging system. In a preferred embodiment, the medical information source is a hospital information system (such as a radiology information system, for example). In a preferred embodiment, the data center also includes an external access interface for allowing users to access medical images and medical information at the data center.  
           [0015]    In a preferred embodiment, the method includes converting the medical information from a first format into a second format compatible with the medical image format. Then, in a preferred embodiment, the method includes transmitting the converted medical information with the medical image to a data center. Finally, the method includes storing the converted medical information with the medical image in the data center. The medical information and medical image may be retrieved by a user. Preferably, the user accesses the data center via a web browser, DICOM viewing workstation, or other such access device. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS  
       [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1 illustrates a medical information system used in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 2 illustrates a medical information system used in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart for integrating medical information into an image archive in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart for accessing medical image(s) and medical information in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0020]    [0020]FIG. 1 illustrates a medical information system  100  used in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The medical information system  100  includes a plurality of subsystems, such as a hospital information system  110 , a PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System)  115 , an interface unit  120 , a data center  130 , and an external access interface  140 . The interface unit  120  includes a hospital information system interface connection  122 , a PACS interface connection  124 , and a data center interface connection  128 . The interface unit  120  facilitates communication between the hospital information system  110 , the PACS  115 , and the data center  130 . The external access interface  140  allows access by entities, such as healthcare facilities (for example, a hospital, clinic, doctor”s office, other medical office, or terminal) to the data center  130 .  
         [0021]    The hospital information system  110  stores medical information such as clinical reports, patient information, radiology information, and/or administrative information, as examples, but typically not images. In a preferred embodiment, the hospital information system  110  is housed in a healthcare facility. In a preferred embodiment, the hospital information system  110  includes a radiology information system. The radiology information system stores information such as radiology reports, messages, warnings, alerts, patient scheduling information, patient demographic data, patient tracking information, and/or physician and patient status monitors, for example. The radiology information system may also allow exam order entry (for example, ordering an x-ray of a patient) and image and film tracking (for example, tracking who has checked out a film). In a preferred embodiment, information in the radiology information system is formatted according to the HL-7 (Health Level Seven) clinical communication protocol. Preferably, information is input in the hospital information system  110  by healthcare practitioners (such as radiologists, physicians, or technicians, for example) before or after patient examination.  
         [0022]    The PACS  115  preferably stores medical images. Preferably, the PACS  115  stores images as digital images. Typically, images are stored in the PACS  11 S using the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) format. In a preferred embodiment, the PACS  115  is housed in a healthcare facility. Preferably, the PACS  115  is a local archive. Preferably, images are stored in the PACS  115  by healthcare practitioners (such as imaging technicians, physicians, radiologists, for example) after a medical imaging of a patient or are automatically transmitted from medical imaging devices. Preferably, the PACS  115  may also be a display device or viewing workstation, for example.  
         [0023]    In a preferred embodiment, the data center  130  is an archive, storing information such as images, data, and/or reports, for example. Preferably, the data center  130  may also serve as a central conduit to information located at other sources, such as local archives, hospital information systems/radiology information systems (HIS/RIS), or medical imaging systems, for example. That is, the data center  130  may store links or indicators (such as identification numbers, patient names, or record numbers, for example) to information. In a preferred embodiment, the data center  130  is managed by an application server provider (ASP). In a preferred embodiment, the data center  130  is located in a centralized location that may be accessed by many systems and facilities (such as hospitals, clinics, doctor”s offices, other medical offices, or terminals). The data center  130  may be spatially distant from the hospital information system  110  and the PACS  115  (for example, GE headquarters). Preferably, the interface unit  120  allows the data center  130  to communicate with the hospital information system  110  and the PACS  115 . The external access interface  140  allows the data center  130  to communicate with entities such as healthcare facilities, computer systems, and the like. In a preferred embodiment, the external access interface  140  is a network, such as the Internet or a private network, for example. In an alternative embodiment, the interface unit  120  may include the external access interface  140 .  
         [0024]    The interface unit  120  allows communication between the data center  130 , the hospital information system  110 , and the PACS  115 . Preferably, the interface unit  120  uses a network (preferably, a Wide Area Network (WAN) such as a private network or the Internet, for example) to communicate between the hospital information system  110  and the PACS  115  and the data center  130 . In a preferred embodiment, the interface unit  120  also includes a broker (such as Mitra lmaging”s PACS Broker) to allow medical information and medical images to be transmitted together and stored together. Preferably, the hospital information system interface connection  122  of the interface unit  120  is a network (preferably, a WAN such as a private network or the Internet, for example). Additionally, the PACS interface connection  124  is preferably a network such as a private network or the Internet, for example. The data center interface connection  128  is also preferably a network such as a private network or the Internet, for example. Preferably, the hospital information system  110  and the PACS  115  may communicate with the data center  130  via the interface unit  120 . Additionally, the hospital information system  110  preferably may communicate with the PACS  115  via the interface unit  120 .  
         [0025]    In operation, in a preferred embodiment, the interface unit  120  receives images from the PACS  115  via the PACS interface connection  124 . Preferably, the images are received in a medical image format, such as DICOM format, for example. Additionally, the interface unit  120  receives medical information (such as clinical reports, medical information, and/or administrative information, for example) from the hospital information system  110  via the hospital information system interface connection  122 . Preferably, the medical information is received in a medical information format, such as HL-7 format, for example. However, the medical information format (for example, HL-7) and the medical image format (for example, DICOM) are incompatible. The medical information may not be transmittable with the medical image format transmission protocol. Thus, the interface unit  120  then translates or reformats the medical information, such as reports, into a medical image format-compatible format, such as SQL (Structured Query Language) database format or a standard text format, for example. Preferably, the reformatted medical information may be transmitted using the medical image format transmission protocol. Preferably, the medical image and the reformatted medical information share common identification elements, such as patient name, which enable the reformatted medical information to be associated with the medical image.  
         [0026]    Next, the interface unit  120  transmits the images and the medical information to the data center  130  via the data center interface connection  128 . Finally, medical information is preferably stored in the data center  130  in medical image format compatible-format, such as SQL format, together with images in medical image format, such as DICOM format. That is, in a preferred embodiment, the interface unit  120  allows the medical image and medical information to be transmitted and stored together. Additionally, the medical image and medical information may be transmitted separately via the interface unit  120 . Preferably, the medical image and medical information are later viewable and easily retrievable, such as by their common identification element (such as patient name or record number, for example).  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 2 illustrates a medical information system  200  used in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The medical information system  200  includes a plurality of subsystems, such as a hospital information system  210 , a PACS  215 , an interface unit  220 , a data center  230 , and an external access interface  240 . The data center  230  includes an archive  232  and a viewer  234 . The interface unit  220  includes a hospital information system interface connection  222 , a PACS interface connection  224 , and a data center interface connection  228 . As described above in reference to FIG. 1, the interface unit  220  allows the data center  230  to communicate with the hospital information system  210  and the PACS  215 . As described above in reference to FIG. 1, the external access interface  240  allows access by entities, such as healthcare facilities, to the data center  230 .  
         [0028]    The hospital information system  210  is substantially similar to the hospital information system  110  described above in reference to FIG. 1. The hospital information system  210  stores medical information such as clinical reports, patient information, radiology information, and/or administrative information in a medical information format, for example, in HL-7 format. Preferably, the hospital information system  210  is housed in a healthcare facility. Preferably, information is input in the hospital information system  210  by healthcare practitioners (such as radiologists, physicians, technicians, for example) before or after patient examination.  
         [0029]    The PACS  215  is substantially similar to the PACS  115  described above in reference to FIG. 1. Preferably, the PACS  215  stores medical images in a medical image format, such as DICOM format, for example. Preferably, the PACS  215  is housed in a healthcare facility. Preferably, images are stored in the PACS  215  by healthcare practitioners (such as imaging technicians, physicians, radiologists, for example) after medical imaging of a patient or by automatic transmittal from medical imaging devices.  
         [0030]    In a preferred embodiment, the data center  230  includes an archive  232  for storing information such as images, data, and/or reports, for example. Preferably, the data center  230  may also serve as a conduit to information in other locations. For example, the data center  230  may store links to information in other locations. The data center  230  also includes a viewer  234 . Preferably, the viewer  234  is a web server that allows access to (“serves up”) information via a web browser, a terminal, or other such information access system. The viewer  234  may serve up information from the archive  232  through the external access interface  240  for access by users with web browsers, for example. The viewer  234  may also serve up information from the hospital information system  210  and/or the PACS  215 . In a preferred embodiment, the data center  230  is managed by an application server provider (ASP). In a preferred embodiment, as described above in relation to FIG. 1, the data center  230  is located in a centralized location that may be accessed by many systems and facilities. Additionally, the data center  230  may be located spatially distant from the healthcare information facility  210  and the PACS  215 .  
         [0031]    As described above with reference to FIG. 1, the interface unit  220  allows communication between the data center  230 , the hospital information system  210 , and the PACS  215 . The external access interface  240  allows communication with entities such as computer systems and/or healthcare facilities, for example. In a preferred embodiment, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, the external access interface  240  is a network, such as the Internet or a private network, for example. As described above, the external access interface  240  may be included in the interface unit  220 .  
         [0032]    The interface unit  220  is substantially similar to the interface unit  120  described above with reference to FIG. 1 in the path from the hospital information system  200  and the PACS  215  to the data center  230 . Additionally, the interface unit  220  also allows communication from the data center  230  to the hospital information system  210  and the PACS  215 . The interface unit  220  also allows communication between the hospital information system  210  and the PACS  215 . The interface unit  220  allows transmission of medical images and medical information as described above with reference to FIG. 1. The interface unit  220  may receive images in a medical image format, preferably in DICOM format, from the PACS  215  via the PACS interface connection  224 . Additionally, the interface unit  220  may receive medical information in a medical information format, preferably in HL-7 format, from the hospital information system  210  via the hospital information system interface connection  222 . Then, the interface unit  220  translates the medical information from the medical information format, such as HL-7 format, into a medical image format-compatible format, such as SQL format or a standard text format. Thus, as described above in relation to FIG. 1, the medical information may be transmitted according to the medical image protocol. Additionally, as described above, the medical information may be associated with the medical image. Next, the interface unit  220  transmits the images and the medical information to the data center  230  via the data center interface connection  228 . Preferably, the interface unit  220  may transmit medical images and medical information together to the data center  230 . Additionally, the interface unit  220  may preferably transmit medical images and medical information individually to the data center  230  (such as at separate times or along separate lines of communication, for example). Finally, the medical information is preferably stored in the archive  232  in medical image format-compatible format together with images in medical image format. Alternatively, the medical image is stored in the archive  232  along with a link to the medical information at the hospital information system  210 . Alternatively, the medical information may be stored in the archive  232  in medical image format-compatible format together with a link to the medical image in the PACS  215 .  
         [0033]    Preferably, when a user accesses the viewer  234  via the external access interface  240  and requests an image and/or medical information (such as by using a signal or a command, for example), the viewer  234  retrieves the images and/or medical information from the archive  232 . The user may view the requested images and/or medical information via the viewer  234 . Preferably, the user views the requested images and/or medical information via the viewer  234  using a web browser, DICOM viewing station, or other such access device.  
         [0034]    In an alternative embodiment, when a user accesses the viewer  234  via the external access interface  240  and requests an image and medical information, the viewer  234  retrieves the requested image from the archive  232 . Additionally, the viewer  234  retrieves the requested medical information (such as radiology information) from the hospital information system  210  using the interface unit  220 .  
         [0035]    Preferably, the medical information is temporarily stored at the viewer  234  for the user”s access.  
         [0036]    In another embodiment, instead of retrieving images and/or medical information from the data center  230 , images and/or medical information may be retrieved directly from the hospital information system  210  and/or the PACS  215 . That is, when a user accesses the viewer  234  via the external access interface  240  and requests an image and/or medical information, the viewer  234  retrieves the requested image from the PACS  215  using the interface  220  and/or retrieves the requested information from the hospital information system  210  using the interface unit  220 . The interface unit  220  translates the requested medical information as described above. Preferably, the image and/or medical information are temporarily stored at the viewer  234  for the user s access.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart  300  for integrating medical information into an image archive in accordance with the medical information system  100  of FIG. 1. First, at step  310 , medical information, such as radiology information (patient name, accession number, referring physician, radiology reports, as examples), administrative information, or other clinical information, for example, is obtained from a patient. Preferably, the medical information is obtained by a healthcare practitioner (such as a physician, radiologist, or technician, for example). Alternatively, the medical information may be recorded by medical diagnostic equipment. Preferably, the medical information is formatted according to a medical information format, such as HL-7 format.  
         [0038]    Next, at step  320 , at least one medical image (such as a computerized tomography image, x-ray image, ultrasound image, magnetic resonance image, for example) is obtained of a patient. Preferably, the medical image is obtained using medical diagnostic imaging equipment (such as an x-ray system, ultrasound system, computerized tomography system, magnetic resonance imaging system, for example). Preferably, the medical image is formatted according to a medical image format, such as DICOM format.  
         [0039]    Then, at step  330 , the medical information is converted from the medical information format, such as HL-7 format, for example, to a medical image format-compatible format, such as SQL format or a standard text format, for example. Next, at step  340 , the converted medical information is transmitted along with at least one medical image to the data center  130 . Finally, at step  350 , the medical information and medical image(s) are stored in the data center  130  for later retrieval by users (preferably, remote users).  
         [0040]    Alternatively, the medical image(s) may be stored in the data center  130  along with a link to the medical information. Also, the medical information may be stored in the data center  130  with a link to the medical image(s). Additionally, links to the medical information and the medical image(s) may be stored at the data center  130  at step  350 .  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart  400  for accessing medical images and medical information in accordance with the medical information system  200  of FIG. 2. Medical information and medical image(s) are stored in the data center  230  in a method substantially similar to the method described above in relation to FIG. 3. Alternatively, links to medical information and/or medical image(s) may be stored in the data center  230  in a method substantially similar to the method described above in relation to FIG. 3. Retrieval of medical information and medical image(s) by a user (preferably, a remote user) preferably proceeds according to the following steps. First, at step  410 , a user accesses the viewer  234  of the data center  230  and requests medical information (such as radiology reports, patient demographic data, physician information, etc.) and medical image(s) (such as x-ray image(s), ultrasound image(s), magnetic resonance image(s), computerized tomography image(s), for example). Preferably, the user accesses the viewer  234  via a web browser, a DICOM viewing workstation, or other such information access system. Next, at step  420 , the viewer  234  accesses the archive  232  of the data center  230 . If the requested medical information and medical image(s) are found in the archive  232 , then, at step  430 , the archive  232  transfers the requested medical information and medical image(s) to the viewer  234 . Preferably, the requested medical information and medical image(s) are temporarily stored at the viewer  234 . Then, at step  440 , the user may access the requested medical information and medical image(s) at the viewer  234 , preferably using a web browser, terminal, or other such information access system.  
         [0042]    If the requested medical information and medical image(s) are not found in the archive  232 , then, at step  450 , the viewer  234  accesses a medical image source (such as a PACS  215 , for example) via the interface unit  220  and requests the requested medical image(s). Next, at step  460 , the viewer  234  accesses a medical information source (such as the hospital information system  210 , for example) and requests the request medical information. Then, at step  470 , the interface unit  220  translates the medical information from a medical information format (such as HL-7 format, for example) to a medical image format-compatible format (such as SQL or a standard text format, for example). Then, at step  480 , the translated medical information in a medical image format-compatible format is transmitted with the medical image(s) in a medical image format (such as DICOM format) to the viewer  234  via the interface unit  220 . Preferably, the medical information and medical image(s) are temporarily stored in the viewer  234 . Finally, at step  490 , the user may access the requested medical information and medical image(s) at the viewer  234 , preferably using a web browser, terminal, or other such information access system.  
         [0043]    In an alternative embodiment, the medical information or the medical image(s) may be found in the archive  232 . Then, the medical information or the medical image (s) in the archive  232  is retrieved from the archive  232 . Next, the medical information or the medical image(s) not found in the archive  232  are retrieved from the hospital information system  210  or the PACS  215  via the interface unit  220  according to the methods described above. Then, the medical information and medical images(s) may be displayed at the viewer  234 .  
         [0044]    Thus, the preferred embodiments allow medical images and patient and/or medical report data to be transmitted, stored, and viewed together. Additionally, the preferred embodiments provide centralized storage of medical images and medical information and allow access to stored medical images and medical information via multiple access points. Because of the multiple access points, the preferred embodiments allow healthcare facilities and healthcare practitioners to share and compare data and images in various locations. Also, the preferred embodiments allow relatively immediate access to examination images and data independent of location.  
         [0045]    Thus, the preferred embodiments of the present invention provide many important advantages. The preferred embodiments provide an advantage by allowing the combination of medical image and medical information storage and transmission systems. The preferred embodiments provide a further advantage by allowing more efficient information sharing between a plurality of healthcare facilities and healthcare practitioners. The preferred embodiments provide more efficient use of time, money, and personnel by healthcare facilities and healthcare practitioners through centralized access to medical images and medical information.  
         [0046]    While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.