Abstract:
A bi-directional pump system that can be configured for a plurality of operating modes. The bi-directional pump system includes a plurality of bi-directional pumps each having their own valving system that are connected to a common high pressure manifold, a low pressure manifold and a suction manifold. Via the respective valve systems, each pump can be configured into: (1) a single-acting pumping mode; (2) a double-acting pumping mode; (3) an inactive free motion mode; and (4) an inactive rigid mode. One exemplary application of the bi-directional pump system is on an articulated wave energy conversion system that consists of three floating barges: a front barge, a center barge and a rear barge where the front barge and center barge are hingedly connected as are the center barge and the rear barge. A first set of the bi-directional pumps span the first hinge connection and the second set of bi-directional pumps span the second hinge connection. The bi-directional pump system intakes sea water and, using wave energy, outputs a high pressure flow of sea water for water desalination and/or for driving electrical generators.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates in general to high pressure pump systems and, more particularly, to a remotely-configurable high pressure fluid passive control system for controlling bi-directional pumps. 
         [0002]    Richard Peter McCabe devised the McCabe Wave Pump, which is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,550. The McCabe Wave Pump consists of three rectangular steel pontoons, which move relative to each other in the waves. A damper wave plate attached to the central pontoon ensures that it remains stationary as the fore and aft pontoons move relative to the central pontoon by pitching about the hinges. Energy is extracted from the rotation about the hinge points by linear hydraulic pumps mounted between the central and other two pontoons near the hinges. 
         [0003]    A related configuration to the McCabe Wave Pump is an “articulated wave energy conversion system (AWECS)” which is disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2014/0008306 (Murtha, et al.); 2014/0158624 (Murtha, et al.); and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2014/0091575 (McCormick, et al.), and all of which are owned by the same Assignee as the present application, namely, Murtec, Inc. of Glen Burnie, Md. See also U.S. Pat. No. 8,650,869 (McCormick). As shown in  FIG. 1 , an AWECS uses a plurality of pneumatic or hydraulic pumps P (hereinafter, “hydraulic” is used, it being understood that “pneumatic” is also interchangeable with “hydraulic”) that straddle the two articulating barges, a forward barge FB and a rear barge RB which are coupled together, e.g. by hinges. A damper wave plate (DWP) attached to a central barge CB ensures that it remains stationary as the fore FB and aft RB barges move relative to the central barge CB by pitching about the hinges. As an incoming wave makes contact with the forward barge FB first, the hydraulic fluid in the pumps coupled between the forward barge FB and the center barge CB are driven in a first direction; as the wave continues, the hydraulic fluid in the pumps P coupled between the rear barge RB and the center barge CB are driven in a second opposite direction. The end results are bi-directional hydraulic pumps P. The output of these hydraulic pumps P are used for water desalination or energy conversion. 
         [0004]    Doug Hicks and Charles M. Pleass devised the Delbuoy wave-powered desalination unit, described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,013,219; 4,512,886; 4,421,461, and 4,326,840. When the waves lift and then lower the Delbuoy wave-powered desalination unit, a piston connected to the bottom of the buoy drives a piston pump at the sea floor. The pressure created by the pump is strong enough to drive the sea water through a reverse osmosis filter, which removes salt and impurities from the water, and then to send the fresh water through a pipe to the shoreline, where it is tapped and used by people. 
         [0005]    However, there remains a need for quickly and easily reconfiguring the operational modes of pumps depending on different scenarios which none of the aforementioned disclosures teach or suggest. 
         [0006]    All references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    A bi-directional pump system for providing a high pressure fluid output is disclosed. The pump system comprises: at least one bi-directional pump having a piston and piston rod that can translate within a cylinder in two opposite directions, wherein the piston separates the cylinder into two variable-sized chambers, and wherein the piston displaces fluid located in each chamber when the piston is in motion due to external forces acting through the piston rod and the cylinder; each variable chamber being in fluid communication through a valve network to a high pressure manifold, a low pressure manifold and a suction manifold, wherein the high pressure manifold has an output for delivering the high pressure fluid to a target process and wherein the suction manifold provides a fluid input into the bi-directional pump system; and wherein the valve network can be configured to deliver high pressure fluid from one of a single-acting pumping mode and a double-acting pumping mode, wherein the single-acting pumping mode delivers high pressure fluid to the target process during piston motion in one of the two opposite directions and wherein the double-acting pumping mode delivers high pressure fluid to the target process during piston motion in both of the two opposite directions. 
         [0008]    A method for permitting a plurality of parallel-acting bi-directional pumps to be configured into a plurality of operational modes is disclosed. The method comprises: providing a plurality of bi-directional pumps, each bi-directional pump having a piston and piston rod that can translate within a cylinder in two opposite directions, wherein each piston separates the corresponding cylinder into two variable-sized chambers, wherein the piston displaces fluid located in each chamber when the piston is in motion due to external forces acting through each piston rod and each cylinder; coupling each variable-sized chamber, through a respective valve network, to a high pressure manifold, a low pressure manifold and a suction manifold, wherein the high pressure manifold has an output for delivering the high pressure fluid to a target process and wherein the suction manifold provides a fluid input into the bi-directional pump system; and controlling the valve network so that each one of the plurality of bi-directional pumps can be configured to deliver high pressure fluid from one of a single-acting pumping mode and a double-acting pumping mode, wherein the single-acting pumping mode delivers high pressure fluid to the target process during piston motion in one of the two opposite directions and wherein the double-acting pumping mode delivers high pressure fluid to the target process during piston motion in both of the two opposite directions. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]    Many aspects of the present disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views. 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is an isometric view of a prior art articulate barge wave-energy converter system (AWECS); 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  shows the invention of the present application integrated on an AWECS; 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of the invention, shown for the Single-Acting Pumping Mode (SAPM), by way of example only, and wherein an exemplary target process is a reverse osmosis (RO) water desalination stage; 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  depicts one of the high pressure pumps of the present invention and its associated valve system for implementing the four modes of pump control while also showing the high pressure manifold, low pressure manifold and suction manifold shared by all of the pumps; 
           [0014]      FIG. 5A  depicts the particular valve states for implementing the Single-Acting Pumping Mode (SAPM) during the piston rod extension half-cycle in one of the pumps; 
           [0015]      FIG. 5B  depicts the particular valve states for implementing the SAPM during the piston rod retraction half-cycle in the pump of  FIG. 5A ; 
           [0016]      FIG. 6A  depicts the particular valve states for implementing the Double-Acting Pumping Mode (DAPM) during the piston rod extension half-cycle in one of the pumps; 
           [0017]      FIG. 6B  depicts the particular valve states for implementing the DAPM during the piston rod retraction half-cycle in the pump of  FIG. 6A ; 
           [0018]      FIG. 7A  depicts the particular valve states for implementing the Inactive Free Motion Mode (IFMM) during the piston rod extension half-cycle in one of the pumps; 
           [0019]      FIG. 7B  depicts the particular valve states for implementing the IFMM during the piston rod retraction half-cycle in the pump of  FIG. 7A ; 
           [0020]      FIG. 8A  depicts the particular valve states for implementing the Inactive Rigid Mode (IRM) during the piston rod extension half-cycle in one of the pumps; 
           [0021]      FIG. 8B  depicts the particular valve states for implementing the IRM during the piston rod retraction half-cycle in the pump of  FIG. 8A ; 
           [0022]      FIG. 9A  is a functional diagram of the piston, piston rod and cylinder of one of the pumps; and 
           [0023]      FIGS. 9B-9C  depict the annular volume of the rod-end of cylinder due to the presence of the piston rod. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0024]    Referring now to the figures, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts throughout the several views, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail. Throughout this description, various components may be identified having specific values, these values are provided as exemplary embodiments and should not be limiting of various concepts of the present invention as many comparable sizes and/or values may be implemented. 
         [0025]    The present invention  20  relates in general to an apparatus comprising a liquid pipe and valve system or network designed to be configured locally or remotely and passively control the operation of bi-directional piston pumps in any of four modes:
       (1) Single-Acting Pumping Mode (SAPM): a single-ended piston source of high pressure fluid only from rod end piston fluid connection as piston rod is being extended;   (2) Double-Acting Pumping Mode (DAPM): a single-ended piston source of high pressure fluid from both piston fluid connections as piston rod is being extended and retracted;   (3) Inactive Free Motion Mode (IFMM): an isolated cylinder with both piston fluid connections isolated but with them connected to each other to permit free movement of the piston with minimum force for isolating the cylinder from the system while the remainder of a bank of multi-mode pumps continue to pump pressurized fluid; and   (4) Inactive Rigid Mode (IRM): an isolated cylinder with both piston fluid connections isolated to create a hydraulic lock on the piston to provide a rigid structural member between the two sources of force on the piston rod and housing.
 
As a result, the apparatus  20  has an unlimited number of uses (hence the term “target process” used in several of the figures) high pressure fluid is required and the need to use these four modes operation are available. Thus, by way of example only and not by way of limitation, as shown in  FIG. 2 , this apparatus  20  is depicted being implemented on an articulated wave energy conversion system (AWECS)  10  for implementing water desalination and/or ocean energy wave conversion. Specifically, it relates to the exploitation of ocean wave energy in the production of potable water by reverse osmosis desalination, or the generation of electricity by driving an electrical generator. Ocean energy comes in a variety of forms including tidal currents, ocean currents, and surface waves. Wave power is the transport of energy by surface waves, and the capture of that energy to do useful work. Thus, the following description shows the implementation of the apparatus  20  in an AWECS environment simply by way of example.
       
 
         [0030]      FIG. 3  shows an overview of the system  20  implemented for water desalination (by way of example only) and during a particular mode, namely, SAPM, for clarity only. As shown, the target process utilizes a plurality of reverse osmosis (RO) tubes for desalinating the high pressure water; the output of these tubes results in a potable water flow, as well as a brine waste flow. As can be seen, a first set of high pressure (HP) pumps (e.g., five pumps A-E, indicated as “A-E”) are those that straddle the FB/CB barges while the second set of HP pumps (e.g., another five pumps “F-J”) are those that straddle the CB/RB barges. Each pump A-J are identical and any one of them will be referred to herein as “pump  20 A.” Each of the HP pumps valve systems, as discussed in detail below, may be automatically controlled by a processor PR that can be located remotely or locally with respect to the pumps  20 A. Moreover, the communication link CL between the processor and valve system may be either a wired or wireless interface. Alternatively, each valve in the valve system for each pump may be manually controlled by service personnel, if desired. 
         [0031]    The terms “high pressure (HP)” and “low pressure (LP)” as used throughout this Specification may comprise approximately 1000 psi and 100 psi, respectively. 
         [0032]      FIG. 4  depicts a single HP pump  20 A (e.g., a single-ended piston pump) and how it is coupled in fluid communication with the other HP pumps in the system  20 . As can be seen, each pump  20 A comprises a single rod end double-acting cylinder. In particular, a piston head  100  driven by a piston rod  102  is moved back and forth within the cylinder  104  which has a non-rod end  104 A and a rod end  104 B. These two cylinder chambers  104 A/ 104 B are in fluid communication with a high pressure (HP) manifold  106 , a low pressure (LP) manifold  108  and a suction manifold  110  through a network of valves, generally referred to as the HP pump&#39;s “valve system.” The valve system includes fluid pipes and fittings, remotely positioned 2-way full-port ball valves that can be actuated locally or remotely (as discussed previously with regard to  FIG. 3 ), check valves, hydraulic accumulators, pressure control/relief valves, and a separately controlled back flush valve. 
         [0033]    As mentioned previously, the piston  100  within the cylinder  104  is moved back and forth within the cylinder  104  by the motion of alternately extending and retracting the connected piston rod  102  relative to the cylinder  104  by an external force provided by, e.g., wave power, by way of example only in the present application. This reciprocating action of the piston/rod causes fluid to be drawn into the expanding cavity end of the cylinder  104 , and expelled from the shrinking cavity end. For the present exemplary intended use as a high pressure sea water pumping system, the inlet to the suction manifold  110  is filtered by a sand filter  40  on the sea bed  41  followed by a fine strainer (not shown) to remove particulate matter that could cause excessive wear on the piston pumps. Also, the low pressure and high pressure manifolds  106 / 108  relieve excess pressure by porting fluid back to the suction manifold  110  to provide a back flush action of the suction strainer, as does a separate back flush valve  11  when opened momentarily. 
         [0034]    As shown in  FIG. 4 , one end of the piston rod  102  is rotatably coupled to a first lever L 1  while the non-rod end  104 A of the cylinder  104  is rotatably coupled to a second lever L 2 . These levers L 1 /L 2  are alternately moved together and then away from each other by an external mechanical force (e.g., wave motion). This force causes the cylinder piston rod  102  to alternately extend and contract, thus drawing fluid into one piston cavity (either  104 A or  104 B) and expelling fluid out of the other piston cavity (either  104 B or  104 A). By way of example only, the fluid connections of this cylinder  104  are connected to the instant invention configuration and control system schematic to provide continuously flowing high pressure sea water to a target process requiring such a continuous supply. For alternate use with a closed system hydraulic oil power generation system, the suction of the cylinder  104  would be from a sump (not shown), as opposed to a sand filter  40  in the sea bed  41 ; the high pressure discharge would go to a hydraulic oil process, as opposed to a seawater process; the hydraulic process would discharge oil back to the sump, as opposed to discharging salt water back to sea as with a sea water process; and the two pressure control/relief valves  12 ,  13 , would drain the hydraulic oil back to the sump, as opposed to draining sea water to the suction manifold for back flushing the suction strainer as with the sea water process. 
         [0035]    An apparatus for pumping sea water drawn from the sea to a process requiring a continuous direct flow of high pressure sea water uses a reciprocating pump powered by external mechanical forces. A power take-off sub-system is a shaft that transfers mechanical power between mechanical systems. In another embodiment of the instant invention, power take-off is the transformation of power to fluid power. An embodiment of the instant invention includes at least two power take-off sub-systems. e.g., a first power take-off sub-system and a second power take-off sub-system. The first power take-off sub-system from the articulated levers is, for example, a single rod end double-acting hydraulic cylinder pump. By itself, the double-acting hydraulic pump produces alternating fluid flow in and out of the fluid connections at each end of the cylinder. 
         [0036]    It should be noted that the useable volume in the rod end of the cylinder  104 B actually forms an annular volume due to the presence of the rod  102 . This can be most easily seen in  FIGS. 9A-9C . Since the annular volume per unit length of piston  100  travel at the rod end of the cylinder  104 B is less by the volume of the entrained piston rod  102  than the volume per unit length of piston travel at the non-rod end of the cylinder  104 A, there will be an excess of fluid expelled from the non-rod end of the cylinder  104 A equal to the volume of the entrained piston rod  102 . 
       Four Fluid Functionalities 
       [0037]    The fluid flow control system of the present invention  20  can be configured to provide four different fluid functionalities as described in the following paragraphs. These configurations are realized through appropriate positioning either locally or remotely using remote actuators (not shown) to OPEN or SHUT the 2-way full-port (e.g., very low flow resistance) ball valves  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8 ,  9 ,  10  as shown in  FIG. 4 . Once these ball valves are positioned, they remain in that position indefinitely without further actuation required. Check valves  21 ,  22 ,  23 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26  permit flow only in the direction shown by each valve, and only when there is a positive pressure differential sufficient to cause that flow. Reverse flow is prohibited through these valves regardless of the pressure differential across them. Fluid hydraulic accumulator  31  stores excess fluid and maintains the low pressure manifold  108  fluid pressure. Accumulator group  32  store excess fluid and maintain the high pressure manifold  106  fluid pressure. Pressure relief valve  12  restricts the low pressure manifold  108  pressure to a specified maximum value by relieving fluid back to the suction manifold  110  when the maximum specified value is reached for the open loop water system (and back to the sump for a closed loop hydraulic oil system). Pressure relief valve  13  restricts the high pressure manifold  106  pressure to a specified maximum value by relieving fluid back to the suction manifold  110  until the pressure is reduced sufficiently when the maximum specified value is reached for the open loop water system (or back to the sump for a closed loop hydraulic oil system). For the open water system, the relief water flow back to the suction manifold  110  provides beneficial periodic back flushing of the suction strainer  40 . For additional suction strainer back flushing in all system configurations NORMALLY SHUT valve  11  is placed OPEN momentarily to provide flushing water from the high pressure manifold. 
         [0038]    It should be noted that in  FIGS. 5A-8B  the “X” used in the diagrams indicates a “closed valve” while an “O” used in the diagrams indicates an “open valve.” 
       Single-Acting Pumping Mode (SAPM): FIGS.  5 A- 5 B 
       [0039]    An embodiment of the instant invention of a reconfigurable fluid control and distribution system is, for example, a configuration to provide single-acting pump delivery of high pressure sea water for delivery direct flow to a reverse osmosis system for conversion to potable water. In this configuration, ball valves  1 ,  2 ,  5 ,  7  are placed in the OPEN position, while ball valves  3 ,  4 ,  6 ,  8 ,  9 ,  10 ,  11  are placed in the SHUT position. Relief valves  12 ,  13  remain SHUT except for overpressure conditions where they relieve their respective manifold fluid back to the suction manifold until the overpressure condition is corrected. 
         [0040]    During the portion of the cycle where the external mechanical forces cause the two hinged levers to move apart and the piston rod  102  is extended ( FIG. 5A ), fluid that had been within the annular cavity  104 B at the rod end of the cylinder is expelled from that end of the cylinder at sufficient pressure to force the fluid through OPEN ball valve  1  and through check valve  24  into the high pressure manifold. Check valves  23 ,  25  and SHUT valves  8 ,  9 ,  11  restrict the pumped high pressure fluid to this path. During this same portion of the cycle, filtered and strained fluid is drawn into the cavity at the non-rod end of the cylinder  104 A from the suction manifold  110  through check valve  21  and OPEN ball valve  2 . Check valve  22  and SHUT valves  4 ,  6 ,  10 ,  11  restrict the suction fluid to this path. During this high pressure pumping portion of the cycle the forces on the piston rod  102  are the greatest. By pumping from the rod end of the cylinder  104 B, the greatest stress on the rod  102  exists while it is in tension, thus the likelihood of rod  102  bending and rod seal wear is minimized. As shown in  FIG. 5A , full flow from the rod-end  104 B is delivered to the HP manifold  106 , wherein one half of that full flow is delivered to the accumulators  32  and the other one half of the full flow is delivered to the target process. It should be noted that during this extension half-cycle, there is no flow low pressure (LP) fluid movement in the LP manifold  108 . The spring accumulators  33 / 34  also remain empty during this half-cycle. 
         [0041]    During the portion of the cycle where the external mechanical forces cause the two hinged levers to move toward each other ( FIG. 5B ) and the piston rod  102  to be pushed into the cylinder  104 , fluid that was in the cavity  104 B at the non-rod end of the cylinder is expelled from that end of the cylinder  104  at sufficient pressure to flow into the low pressure manifold  108  and into the cavity at the rod end of the cylinder  104 B through OPEN ball valves  2 ,  7 ,  5 ,  1  and check valves  22 ,  23 . Check valves  26 ,  21 ,  25 ,  24  (due to the higher pressure of the high pressure manifold preventing a positive pressure differential across this last check valve) and SHUT valves  3 ,  4 ,  6 ,  8  restrict the fluid transfer from non-rod end  104 A to rod-end of the cylinder  104 B to this path. Relief valves  12 ,  13  remain SHUT except for overpressure conditions where they relieve their respective manifold fluids back to the suction manifold until the overpressure condition is corrected. Thus, as shown in  FIG. 5B , there is no flow from the pump through the HP manifold  106  and only the one-half flow  111  is provided to the target process from the accumulators  32  that was stored in those accumulators  32  in the previous extension one-half cycle ( FIG. 5A ). The spring accumulators  33 / 34  also remain empty during this half-cycle also. 
         [0042]    As mentioned earlier, due to the annular volume of the rod-end chamber  104 B, there is an excess fluid (see excess fluid flow  109 , in  FIGS. 5B and 7A-7B ) that is expelled from the non-rod chamber  104 A. This excess fluid flows into the low pressure manifold  108 . This repeated addition of fluid causes the pressure in the low pressure manifold  108  and accumulator  31  to gradually increase until the maximum desired is reached. At this point, pressure relief valve  12  relieves fluid back to the suction manifold  110  until the pressure is sufficiently reduced, and it ceases relieving. This periodic relief from the low pressure relief valve  12  provides the benefit of an automatic periodic back flush for the suction screen  40 . 
         [0043]    Since the non-rod end of the cylinder  104 B, which takes suction directly from the sea, acts as a prime pump for the high pressure pumping rod end in this configuration, the cylinder  104  tends to supply fluid to the high pressure pump side with potentially less suction induced gas content than if that side were to take direct sea suction. 
       Double-Acting Pumping Mode (DAPM): FIGS.  6 A- 6 B 
       [0044]    An alternate second embodiment of the instant invention of a reconfigurable fluid control and distribution system is, for example, to reconfigure the system to provide double-acting pump delivery of high pressure sea water for delivery direct flow to a reverse osmosis system for conversion to potable water. In this configuration ball valves  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  8  are placed in the OPEN position, while ball valves  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  7 ,  9 ,  10 ,  11  are placed in the SHUT position, as are relief valves  12 ,  13  except for overpressure conditions where they relieve their respective manifold fluids back to the suction manifold  110  until the overpressure condition is corrected. 
         [0045]    During the portion of the cycle where the external mechanical forces cause the two hinged levers to move apart and the piston rod  102  is extended ( FIG. 6A ), fluid that had been within the annular cavity at the rod end of the cylinder  104 B is expelled from that end of the cylinder at sufficient pressure to force the fluid through OPEN ball valve  1  and through check valve  24  into the high pressure manifold  106 . Check valves  22 ,  23 ,  25  and SHUT valves  4 ,  5 ,  7 ,  9 ,  10 ,  11  restrict the pumped high pressure fluid to this path. During this same portion of the cycle, filtered and strained fluid is drawn into the cavity at the non-rod end of the cylinder  104 B from the suction manifold  110  through check valve  21  and OPEN ball valve  2 . Check valves  22 ,  23 , and SHUT valves  4 ,  5 ,  7 ,  9 ,  10 ,  11  restrict the suction fluid to this path. The spring accumulators  33 / 34  also remain empty during this half-cycle also. 
         [0046]    During the portion of the cycle where the external mechanical forces cause the two hinged levers to move toward each other and the piston rod to be pushed into the cylinder  104  ( FIG. 6B ), fluid that was in the cavity at the non-rod end of the cylinder  104  is expelled from that end of the cylinder at sufficient pressure to flow into the high pressure manifold through OPEN ball valves  2 ,  8  and check valve  22 . Check valves  21 ,  24 ,  26  and SHUT valves  4 ,  5 ,  7 ,  9 ,  10 ,  11  restrict the fluid transfer from non-rod end  104 A to rod end  104 B of the cylinder to this path. Relief valves  12 ,  13  remain SHUT except for overpressure conditions where they relieve their respective manifold fluid back to the suction manifold  110  until the overpressure condition is corrected. The spring accumulators  33 / 34  also remain empty during this half-cycle also. 
         [0047]    In this double-acting high pressure pumping configuration, more than twice the volume of high pressure fluid is supplied per external force cycle than with the single-acting pump. The disadvantage is that high compressive stresses are placed on the piston rod  102  during the non-rod end pumping phase. This can add to the likelihood of rod bending and increased rod seal wear unless the rod is of a robust diameter. In addition, the low pressure manifold  108  is effectively isolated and there is no differential volume induced automatic back flush of the suction screen  40 . This back flush must be accomplished by momentary opening of the normally shut back flush valve  11 . In addition, since both sides  104 A/ 104 B of the cylinder take direct sea suction, the advantages of a having a preliminary prime pump are lost. 
       Inactive Free Motion Mode (IFMM): FIGS.  7 A- 7 B 
       [0048]    An alternate third embodiment of the instant invention of a reconfigurable fluid control and distribution system is to reconfigure the system  20  to isolate the cylinder  104  from the rest of the pump group if cylinders are working together in parallel, but still permitting the piston  100  to be cycled back and forth. This feature permits increasing or decreasing the number of active cylinder pumps on line to increase or decrease the flow rate of high pressure fluid as needed without interruption of the targeted process. In this configuration ( FIG. 7A ) ball valves  7 ,  9 ,  10  are placed in the OPEN position, while ball valves  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6 ,  8 ,  11  are placed in the SHUT position, as are relief valves  12 ,  13  except for overpressure conditions where they relieve their respective manifold fluid back to the suction manifold until the overpressure condition is corrected. 
         [0049]    It should be noted that the high pressure fluid in the HP manifold  106  is being provided by the other pumps  20 A that are operating in either the SAPM or DAPM configurations. 
         [0050]    During the entire external force cycle, fluid is pumped back and forth between the two internal cavities of the cylinder through open ball valves  9 ,  10  with a minimum of external force required. While pumping from the non-rod end cavity  104 A to the rod-end cavity  104 B ( FIG. 7A ), the excess fluid  109  due to the smaller volume of the rod end cavity  104 B due to the entrained piston rod  102 , the low pressure manifold  108  will supply the required extra fluid through OPEN ball valve  7 . During the other half cycle ( FIG. 7B ), while pumping from smaller rod-end cavity  104 B to the larger non-rod end cavity  104 A, the excess fluid  109  will be pumped into the low pressure manifold  108  through OPEN ball valve  7 . 
         [0051]    It should be noted that during the piston rod extension half cycle ( FIG. 7A ), the low pressure manifold  108  provides extra fluid if maintained by other pumping cylinders, or the suction manifold  110  provides extra fluid if the LP manifold  108  is empty. Conversely, during the piston rod retraction half cycle ( FIG. 7B ), the fluid is pumped into the LP manifold  108  and accumulator  31  for storage and retrieval during the next half-cycle. Again, the spring accumulators  33 / 34  also remain empty during this half-cycle also. 
       Inactive Rigid Mode (IRM): FIGS.  8 A- 8 B 
       [0052]    An alternate fourth embodiment of the instant invention of a reconfigurable fluid control and distribution system  20  is to reconfigure the system to isolate and rigidizing it by placing a hydraulic lock on the cylinder  104 , to prevent displacement of the piston  100 . This locked piston configuration could be useful when, for example, a bank of cylinders connected between two barges that are providing power to generate high pressure sea water by wave action are made rigid to make the two barges act as a single larger essentially rigid barge for ease of transport and other tasks. In this configuration, ball valves  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  7  are placed in the OPEN position, while ball valves  1 ,  2 ,  6 ,  8 ,  9 ,  10 ,  11  are placed in the SHUT position, as are relief valves  12 ,  13  except for overpressure conditions where they relieve their respective manifold fluid back to the suction manifold  110  until the overpressure condition is corrected. 
         [0053]    During this evolution, the isolated pistons are connected at both ends to small spring accumulators  33 / 34  that act as stiff fluid springs connected to the locked piston  100  to cushion and provide restoring forces against sudden external forces on the cylinder  104 . Since these accumulators  33 / 34  are of use only when in the locked piston configuration, their internal gas bladders must be precharged to a higher pressure than normally encountered during system operation in the other the configurations. They will be in an empty fluid condition until this configuration is entered, with the internal gas charged bladder pushing against and keeping shut the internal spring-loaded fluid shutoff valve. If, after entering this configuration, large external forces on the levers L 1 /L 2  to which the piston rod  102  and the cylinder  104  are connected are encountered causing the piston  100  to move slightly, thus raising the pressure of the trapped fluid in one of the cylinder cavities to above the attached spring accumulator  33 / 34  precharge pressure, a small amount of fluid from that cavity will be pumped into that spring accumulator raising its gas charge pressure as the bladder is displaced slightly by the inflow fluid. At the same time, the cylinder cavity on the other side of the piston  100  will be supplied the required fluid to make up for the piston displacement from either its attached spring accumulator  33 / 34  if it contains fluid, or by the low pressure manifold  108  through OPEN ball valves  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  7  and check valves  25 ,  26  if the attached spring accumulator is emptied of its fluid. Once there is sufficient fluid in the spring accumulator connected to that cavity, it will provide any necessary make up fluid to the cavity. After each of these external force induced small piston oscillations, the spring accumulator with the higher pressure due to fluid inflow will push some of that fluid back out when the disturbing force is lessened, thus displacing the piston  100  in the opposite direction while also decreasing that spring accumulator pressure due to the fluid outflow. This outflow induced piston displacement will force some fluid from the opposite cavity into its attached spring accumulator, raising the pressure on that side. These piston displacements will continue until the fluid forces on each side of the piston are equal. It should be noted that the spring accumulator/fluid pressure on the rod-end cavity will be higher than that of the non-rod end cavity when the piston forces are equal due to the smaller annular piston area on the rod end. As each successive external force disturbance is applied to the cylinder  104 , it will tend to cause the piston  100  to displace in the opposite direction proportional to the disturbing force. This will pump a corresponding amount of fluid into the spring accumulator connected to that cavity and raise its pressure, while draining a corresponding amount of makeup fluid from the opposite spring accumulator and lower its pressure. This action will produce a restoring “spring” force on the piston  100  due to the differential forces across the piston  100 . This restoring force action will cushion the isolated piston  100  in a manner similar to attached mechanical springs. The volume of the spring accumulator is inversely proportional to the desired stiffness, as a smaller volume will have a greater increase in gas pressure, hence a greater resulting restoring force, for a given volume of fluid addition. 
         [0054]    It should be noted that during startup in the IRM configuration, the spring accumulators  33 / 34  are initially empty. For small piston rod extension motions caused by large external forces, the LP manifold  108 /accumulator  31  will provide makeup fluid to the non-rod end of the cylinder  104 A; or, if the LP manifold  108  is empty, the suction manifold  108  will supply the makeup fluid. For small piston rod retraction motions caused by large external forces, the LP manifold  108 /accumulator  31  will provide makeup fluid to the rod end of the cylinder  104 B; or, if the LP manifold  108  is empty, the suction manifold  108  will supply the makeup fluid. 
         [0055]    It should also be noted that for use only in this fourth mode, namely, the IRM, respective relief valves  14  and  15  are provided at the spring accumulators  33 / 34  for safety. These relief valves protect the system  20  from experiencing unusually high pressures in the IRM configuration should an unusually high force (e.g., large wave) try to extend or retract the locked piston. They relieve fluid from the affected accumulator side to drains D, rather than back to the suction manifold  110  or the LP manifold  108  since the relief valves  14 / 15  are actuated only very occasionally and only with a small discharged quantity of fluid, i.e., a small amount of fluid drained from either spring accumulator  33 / 34  results in a large pressure decrease back into the safe region. 
         [0056]    As can be appreciated, implementation of the IRM configuration requires that all pumps  20 A for that group of pumps  20 A be placed into the IRM configuration. Thus, unlike the IFMM where one or more pumps  20 A may be placed into that mode, the IRM configuration requires that all pumps  20 A in the group operate in the IRM configuration. 
         [0057]    For the purpose of this specification, although reference has been made specifically to salt water, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that alternative liquids will provide the same functionality, including but not limited to fresh water, hydraulic oil, or any other type of essentially incompressible fluid. 
         [0058]    For the purpose of this specification, although reference has been made specifically to a cylindrical single-ended piston pump, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that this same function could be provided by other equivalent piston configurations, including but not limited to square or oval pistons and enclosing housings, double-ended pistons, or tandem connected piston pairs. 
         [0059]    For the purpose of this specification, although reference has been made specifically to local or remotely actuated two-way ball valves, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that this same functionality could be provided by other equivalent two-way valves, including but not limited to spool or gate valves. 
         [0060]    For the purpose of this specification, although reference has been made specifically to bladder hydraulic accumulators, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that this same functionality could be provided by other equivalent devices, including but not limited to pistons and piston accumulators. 
         [0061]    For the purpose of this specification, although reference has been made specifically to ocean surface waves, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that surface waves are present in other bodies of water, including but not limited to lakes and rivers. 
         [0062]    For the purpose of this specification, although reference has been made specifically to waves to provide the force to cause the reciprocating pumping action, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that this power could be provided by any sort of primary power engine, including but not limited to water wheels, tidal turbines, electric motors, or internal combustion engines. 
         [0063]    Because numerous modifications and variations of the above described invention will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described. Accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may that be resorted to fall within the scope of the invention. 
         [0064]    All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure. 
         [0065]    While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific examples thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.