Abstract:
Dual function viscoelastic surfactants (VES) which, when used in a pesticide formulation, are capable of producing a spray pattern between the patterns formed by spraying water and an aqueous pesticide solution containing guar gum as a way to reduce the drifting of the small drops to unintended targets while providing enhanced efficacy to the pesticide.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a dual function viscoelastic surfactant (VES) which, when used in a pesticide formulation, is capable of producing a spray pattern between the patterns formed by spraying water and an aqueous pesticide solution containing guar gum as a way to reduce the drifting of the small drops to unintended targets while providing enhanced efficacy to the pesticide. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The drift of spray from pesticide applications can expose people, wildlife, and the environment to pesticide residues that can cause health and environmental effects and property damage. 
         [0003]    Various alternatives have been proposed in an attempt to reduce the amount of drifting of small droplets during spraying of an aqueous pesticide solution. For example, high molecular weight water soluble polymers such as a guar gum, xanthan gum, polyacrylamide and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers have been used as drift control agents in the agricultural application. It has been generally accepted that polymers which give optimum spray drift control are either non-ionic (e.g., acrylamide homopolymer) or have relatively low anionic content (e.g. 5 to 30 wt. %) and also have relatively high intrinsic viscosity, for instance above 6 dl/g. Guar gum is the most widely used drift control agent in the current world market. Unfortunately, these polymers have various drawbacks. Their solutions tend to show irreversible lose of their utility due to the fact that high molecular weight polymers undergo mechanical degradation of the polymer chain. In addition, typically it takes a long time for the high molecular weight polymers to evenly disperse or dissolve in aqueous liquids which may lead to many large and undissolved particles that could plug the spraying nozzle. In addition, the polymer drift control agents perform only one task—to control drift of small droplets during spraying. 
         [0004]    Spray pattern plays an important role in small droplets drifting. When water is sprayed, many small liquid droplets form a mist which easily drifts away with wind. When an aqueous spraying solution containing a guar gum is sprayed, the sprayed pattern is modified so that the number of small droplets is much reduced. Reduction of the number of small droplets increases the size of the droplets when the spray volume remains the same. In fact, the size increase in a typical spraying solution containing guar gum as the drift control agent is often too much so that there are a lot of coarse droplets which tend to bounce off the plant leave and be wasted. Over the years, researchers have found out that the optimum spray pattern has a droplet size distribution between 100-400 m. 
         [0005]    There is a need to develop a surfactant based drift control agent capable of reducing the drifting of the small spraying drops as well as enhancing the efficacy of the pesticide without excessive large number of coarse droplets during spraying. Various surfactants are well known to enhance pesticide efficacy by modifying the surface tension of water leading to increased wetting, penetration, and absorption on the surfaces of targeted species. 
         [0006]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,770,814 disclosed an anti-misting agent using a VES pair consisting of alkyl trimethyl quaternary surfactant and a organic acid as its counterion and a organic salt with the same ion. Example 1 (sample #2) in the document disclosed a herbicide composition containing 99.4% deionized water, 0.23% cetyltrimethylammonium salicylate, 0.27 sodium salicylate, and 0.1% 2,4-D acid herbicide. This composition was shown to reduce the number of small-sized droplets relative to the sample containing only water. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    The present invention relates to a dual function viscoelastic surfactant (VES) which, when used in a pesticide formulation, is capable of producing a spray pattern between the patterns formed by spraying water and an aqueous pesticide solution containing guar gum. The VES are nitrogen containing surfactants known as alkoxylated alkyl quaternary surfactant, alkyl amine oxide including its alkoxylated derivatives, alkyl betaine including its alkoxylated derivatives, alkyl amidoamine (especially dimethylpropylamidoamine) including its alkoxylated derivatives, alkyl amidoamine (especially dimethylpropylamidoamine) quaternary surfactant including its alkoxylated derivatives, alkyl amidoamine (especially dimethylpropylamidoamine) oxide surfactant including its alkoxylated derivatives, and alkyl amidoamine (especially dimethylpropylamidoamine) betaine surfactant including its alkoxylated derivatives. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    The present invention generally relates to a composition and method for imparting shear stable anti-drifting properties to aqueous pesticidal formulations through the use of one or more VES. More specifically, the present invention relates to compositions comprising at least one nitrogen based VES in a pesticide formulation where the VES is capable of producing a spray pattern between the patterns formed by spraying water and spraying an aqueous pesticide solution containing guar gum with reduced number of small-sized droplets and coarse droplets size while providing enhanced efficacy to the pesticide. 
         [0009]    The following classes of nitrogen containing VES are useful as drift control agents in pesticide formulations according to the invention. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    where R is C12 to C22 linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group; AO is C1-C3 alkylene oxide; m=0-3; n=1-3; b=1-3; Z is nothing (or a pair of electron), C 1 -C 4  alkyl, hydroxyl alkyl, oxygen, or CH 2 COO; X −  is an suitable anion (N bears a positive charge in this case) or nothing when Z is nothing (or a pair of electron), a oxygen or CH 2 COO; 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    where R is C12-C22 linear or branched, saturated or non-saturated hydrocarbon group; B=C2-C6 alkylene; p=0-5; V, D, Y, Z, and E independently is nothing (or a pair of electrons), H (hydrogen), C1-C4 alkyl, or a polyalkoxide group with 1 to 3 alkoxide units with the provisos that (1) V and D can not be both nothing at the same time and (2) the selection of Y, Z, and E only allows the end nitrogen atom to be tertiary or quaternary; X −  is a suitable anion(s). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    where R is C12-C22 linear or branched, saturated or non-saturated hydrocarbon group; B=C2-C6 alkylene; p=0-5; W is H, CH 2 COO, or CH 2 CH 2 OH; V′, Y′, Z′, D′, E′ independently is nothing (or a pair electron), H (hydrogen), C1-C4 alkyl, a polyalkoxide group with 1 to 3 alkoxide units, O (oxygen), CH 2 COO, CH 2 COO − M +  or CH 2 CH 2 COO − M +  where M is H, Na, K, Li, NH4, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, isopropylamine, dimethyamine, or dimethylamidopropylamine (DMAPA) with the provisos that (1) the structure contains at least one amideoxide, betaine, or iminopropinate group, (2) V′ and D′ can not be nothing at the same time, and (3) the selection of Y′, Z′, and E′ only allows the end nitrogen atom to be tertiary or quaternary. 
         [0010]    The compositions of the invention can be prepared in the manner known to the skilled artisan, including but not limited to in-can and tank mix and application of the final formulation may be pre- or post-emergence. Post-emergence application results in particular advantages. 
         [0011]    The VES drift control agent of the present invention can be added directly to a spray tank along with other ingredients. When used as a tank side additive, an effective amount of the drift control agent comprising at least one VES of the present invention is generally represented by weight concentrations of from 0.001% to 5.0%, in another embodiment from 0.01% to 1.0%. Likewise, when the VES of the present invention is used in a pesticide formulation (in-can), it is present at weight concentrations that will deliver from about 0.001% to 5.0% to the final use dilution, in another embodiment from about 0.01% to 1.0%, of the final use dilution. 
         [0012]    Suitable herbicides include acetochlor, acifluorfen, aclonifen, alachlor, ametryn, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, amitrole, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, benazolin, benfluralin, bensulfuron-methyl, bentazone, bifenox, binalafos, bispyribac-sodium, bromacil, bromoxynil, butachlor, butroxidim, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, chloridazon, Chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorobromuron, chlorotoluron, chlorsulfuron, cinidon-ethyl, cinosulfuron, clethodim, Clomazone, Clopyralid, Cloransulam-methyl, Clorsulfuron, Cyanazine, Cycloate, Cyclosulfamuron, Cycloxydim, Dalapon, Desmedipham, Dicamba, Dichlobenil, Dichlormid, Diclosulam, Diflufenican, Dimefuron, Dimepipeate, Dimethachlor, Dimethenamid, Diquat, Diuron, Esprocarb, Ethalfluralin, Ethametsulfuron-methyl, Ethofumesate, Ethoxysulfuron, Fentrazamide, Flazasulfuron, Florasulam, Fluchloralin, Flufenacet, Flumetsulam, Flumioxazin, Fluometuron, Flupyrsulfuron-methyl, Flurochloridone, Fluroxypyr, Flurtamone, Fomesafen, Foramsulfuron, Glufosinate, Hexazinone, Imazamethabenz-m, Imazamox, mazapic, Imazapyr, Imazaquin, Imazethapyr, Imazosulfuron, Iodosulfuron, Ioxynil, Isoproturon, Isoxaben, Isoxaflutole, Lactofen, Lenacil, Linuron, Mefenacet, Mesosulfuron-Methyl, Mesotrione, Metamitron, Metazachlor, Methabenzthiazuron, Metobromuron, Metolachlor, Metosulam, Metoxuron, Metribuzin, Metsulfuron-methyl, Molinate, MSMA, Napropamide, Nicosulfuron, Norflurazon, Oryzalin, Oxadiargyl, Oxadiazon, Oxasulfuron, Oxyfluorfen, Paraquat, Pendimethalin, Phenmedipham, Picloram, Pretilachlor, Profoxydim, Prometryn, Propanil, Propisochlor, Propoxycarbazone, Propyzamide, Prosulfocarb, Prosulfuron, Pyraflufen-ethyl, Pyrazosulfuron, Pyridate, Pyrithiobac, Quinclorac, Quinmerac, Rimsulfuron, Sethoxydim, Simazine, S-Metolachlor, Sulcotrione, Sulfentrazone, Sulfosulfuron, Tebuthiuron, Tepraloxydim, Terbuthylazine, Terbutryn, Thifensulfuron-methyl, Thiobencarb, Tralkoxydim, Tri-allate, Triasulfuron, Tribenuron-methyl, Triclopyr, Trifloxysulfuron, Trifluralin, Triflusulfuron-methyl, Tritosulfuron, and mixtures and combinations thereof. Preferred herbicides are Acetochlor, Atrazine, Dicamba, Glufosinate, Paraquat, and mixtures and combinations thereof. More preferred herbicides are glyphosate, Atrazine, Dicamba, and Glufosinate and mixtures and combinations thereof. The most preferred herbicides are salts of glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium. When the herbicide is an acid, it can be used in the acid form, though it is preferred that the herbicide be in the salt form selected from at least one of the group of an amine, lithium, sodium, ammonium or potassium. It shall be pointed out that when a pesticide appears in the text as a general name without specifying the counterions, it means both its acid form and salt form through out the specification. 
         [0013]    Another embodiment of the present invention is a fungicide formulation having improved drift control comprising VES in accordance with the invention. Examples of suitable fungicides are: 
         [0014]    Acibenzolar-S-methyl, aldimorph, amisulbrom, anilazine, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl, benodanil, benomyl, benthiavalicarb, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, blasticidin-S, boscalid, bromuconazole, bupirimate, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid, chloroneb, to chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, copper, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, dichlofluanid, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole, dinocap, dithianon, dodemorph, dodine, edifenphos, enestrobin, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, ethaboxam, ethirimol, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flumorph, fluopicolide, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet, fosetyl-Al, fthalide, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, guazatine, hexaconazole, hymexazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine, iodocarb, ipconazole, iprobenfos (IBP), iprodione, iprovalicarb, isoprothiolane, isotianil, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, laminarin, mancozeb, mandipropamid, maneb, material of biological, mepanipyrim, mepronil, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metconazole, methasulfocarb, metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone, mineral oils, organic oils, myclobutanil, naftifine, nuarimol, octhilinone, ofurace, origin, orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxytetracycline, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, penthiopyrad, phophorous acid and, picoxystrobin, piperalin, polyoxin, potassium bicarbonate, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamocarb, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyributicarb, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, quintozene (PCNB), salts, silthiofam, simeconazole, spiroxamine, streptomycin, sulphur, tebuconazole, teclofthalam, tecnazene (TCNB), terbinafine, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzami de, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tiadinil, tolclofosmethyl, tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, triazoxi de, tricyclazole, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, validamycin, valiphenal, vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, and zoxamide, and mixtures and combinations thereof 
         [0015]    Still another embodiment of the present invention is an insecticide formulation having improved drift control comprising VES in accordance with the invention. Examples of suitable insecticides are: kerosene or borax, botanicals or natural organic compounds (nicotine, pyrethrin, strychnine and rotenone), chorinated hydrocarbon (DDT, lindane, chlordane), organophosphates (malathion and diazinon), carbamates (carbaryl and propoxur), fumigants (naphthalene) and benzene (mothballs), synthetic pyrethroids, and mixtures and combinations thereof. 
         [0016]    The above listings of specific pesticides are not intended to be inclusive of all possibilities. 
         [0017]    Yet still another embodiment of the present invention is a mixture of any herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide selected form the above groups having improved drift control comprising VES in accordance with the invention. 
         [0018]    The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples. 
       EXAMPLE 1. 
       [0019]    100 g of testing solution was prepared according to the composition of the following table. If the VES surfactant formed gel in water, heating (to ˜60-70 C) was used to facilitate dissolution. Mixing was with a magnetic bar until the sample totally dissolved (or evenly dispersed). Order of adding was not critical. Data was recorded in notebook 2207-71. 
         [0020]    In the following table, C1 means component 1, C2 component 2 and C3 component 3. Appr means appearance, Ki viscosity cP means kinematic viscosity in centipoise, measured by a U-shape viscometer, model Cannon 100 Z858. 
         [0021]    VES-2C was a experimental blend comprising about 51% erucyl dimethyl amidopropyl betaine, 
         [0022]    DR-2000 was a commercial guar gum product used as drift control agent in agriculture, Ethoquad E/12 was erucyl 2-EO methyl chloride quaternary; Aromox APA-T was tallow dimethylamidopropyl amine (DMAPA), Arquad 16-29 was C16 trimethyl chloride quaternary (29% active in water), Arquad SV-60 was soya trimethyl chloride quaternary (60%), Arquad 
         [0023]    APA-E E was 80% erucyl dimethyl amidopropyl betaine, Arquad 2HT-83E was ˜83% di-tallow dimethyl chloride quaternary, Arquad 2C-75 was 75% di-coco dimethyl chloride quaternary, and Roundup® Original was a commercial product from Monsanto containing isopropylamine salt of glyphosate and tallowamine ethoxylate. 
         [0000]                                                                                                                                                          Ki   Surface           Name of   wt of   wt of   Name of   wt of   Name of   wt of       Visco   tension           C1   C1   Water   C2   C2   C3   C3   Appr   cP   mN/m                                    1           99.9   VES-2C   0.1077           C   1.42   33.9       2           99.9   DR-2000   0.1008           H   3.41   45.03                       Guar       3           99.9   Erucid   0.1054           I       34.13                       amido                       betaine       4           99.9   Ethoquad   0.1154           C   0.98   37.2                       E/12       5           99.9   Aromox   0.1065           C   1.02   32.54                       APA-T       6           99.9   Arquad   0.1081   Na   0.02   C   2.07   33.07                       16-29       salicylate       7           99.9   Arquad   0.1065   Na   0.02   C   2.27   32.81                       SV-60       salicylate       8           99.9   Arquad   0.0985           C   0.98   40.47                       APA-E E       9           99.9   Arquad   0.0999           H   1.38   33.57                       2HT-83E       10           99.9   Arquad   0.1011           C   0.99   28.54                       2C-75       11   62% IPA   1   98.9   VES-2C   0.0994           C   1.01   33.44           glyphosate       12   62% IPA   1   98.9   DR-2000   0.1009           H   3.52   47.47           glyphosate           Guar       13   62% IPA   1   98.9   DR-2000   0.1008   Na   0.02   C   3.31   43.83           glyphosate           Guar       salicylate       14   62% IPA   1   98.9   DR-2000   0.1008   Na   0.02   C   3.45           glyphosate           Guar       salicylate       15   62% IPA   1   98.9   Erucid   0.1008           C   3.31   31.71           glyphosate           amido                       betaine       16   62% IPA   1   98.9   Ethoquad   0.1052           C   0.98   36.98           glyphosate           E/12       17   62% IPA   1   98.9   Ethoquad   0.1129   Na   0.02   C   2.01   32.37           glyphosate           E/12       salicylate       18   62% IPA   1   98.9   Ethoquad   0.1129   Na   0.02   C   3.21           glyphosate           E/12       salicylate       19   62% IPA   1   98.9   Aromox   0.0976           C   0.95   33           glyphosate           APA-T       20   62% IPA   1   98.92   Arquad   0.0774           C   0.95   40.9           glyphosate           16-29       21   62% IPA   1   98.92   Arquad   0.0761   Na   0.02   C   1.06   31.59           glyphosate           16-29       salicylate       22   62% IPA   1   98.92   Arquad   0.0761   Na   0.02   C   0.98           glyphosate           16-29       salicylate       23   62% IPA   1   98.92   Arquad   0.771           C   0.96   40.25           glyphosate           SV-60       24   62% IPA   1   98.92   Arquad   0.0871   Na   0.02   C   1.22   32.51           glyphosate           SV-60       salicylate       25   62% IPA   1   98.9   VES-1   0.1095           glyphosate       26   62% IPA   1   98.9   Arquad   0.1048           C   1.01   38.9           glyphosate           APA-E E       27   62% IPA   1   98.9   Arquad   0.0987           I           glyphosate           2HT-83E       28   62% IPA   1   98.9   Arquad   0.0999           H   1.04   26.8           glyphosate           2C-75       29   62% IPA   1   98.9   Arquad   0.1064   Na   0.02   H   1.12   26.54           glyphosate           2C-75       salicylate       30   Roundup   1.52   98.38   VES-2C   0.114           C   1.05   38.59           Original       31   Roundup   1.52   98.38   DR-2000   0.1022           H   3.55   42.03           Original           Guar       32   Roundup   1.52   98.38   Erucid   0.0963           C   0.86   35.17           Original           amido                       betaine       33   Roundup   1.52   98.38   Ethoquad   0.0994           C   0.86   39.61           Original           E/12       34   Roundup   1.52   98.38   Aromox   0.0972           C   1.01   37.37           Original           APA-T       35   Roundup   1.52   98.4   Arquad   0.0835           C   1.01   41.47           Original           16-29       36   Roundup   1.52   98.4   Arquad   0.0817           C   0.99   40.22           Original           SV-60       37   Roundup   1.52   98.38   VES-1           Original       38   Roundup   1.52   98.38   Arquad   0.113           C   0.98   40.49           Original           APA-E E       39   Roundup   1.52   98.38   Arquad   0.1047           I           Original           2HT-83E       40   Roundup   1.52   98.38   Arquad   0.1045           C   1.01   31.68           Original           2C-75       41   50%   1   98.9   VES-2C   0.1101           C   0.96           ammonium           glyphosate       42   50%   1   98.9   DR-2000   0.0982           I           ammonium           Guar           glyphosate       43   50%   1   98.9   Erucid   0.0979           I           ammonium           amido           glyphosate           betaine       44   50%   1   98.9   Ethoquad   0.1057   Na   0.02   C   3.29           ammonium           E/12       salicylate           glyphosate       45   50%   1   98.9   Aromox   0.0997           C   1.08           ammonium           APA-T           glyphosate       46   50%   1   98.92   Arquad   0.1119   Na   0.02   C   1.16           ammonium           16-29       salicylate           glyphosate       47   50%   1   98.92   Arquad   0.0853   Na   0.02   C   1.26           ammonium           SV-60       salicylate           glyphosate       48   50%   1   98.9   Arquad   0.095           C   0.96           ammonium           APA-E E           glyphosate       49   50%   1   98.9   Arquad   0.1074   Na   0.02   I           ammonium           2HT-83E       salicylate           glyphosate       50   50%   1   98.9   Arquad   0.0997   Na   0.02   H   0.95           ammonium           2C-75       salicylate           glyphosate                    
Surface tension measurements were also carried out at room temperature using the Kruss 12 tensiometer.
 
       EXAMPLE 2 
     Drift Repeatability Study 
       [0024]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 C 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 1% IPA 
                 D 
               
               
                   
                   
                 B 
                 glyphosate 
                 1% IPA 
               
               
                   
                 A 
                 1% IPA 
                 (62%) + 0.1% 
                 glyphosate 
               
               
                   
                 1% IPA 
                 glyphosate 
                 Ethoquad 
                 (62%) + 0.1% 
                 E 
               
               
                   
                 glyphosate 
                 (62%) + 0.1% 
                 E/12 + 0.02% 
                 Erucyl DMAPA 
                 Water 
               
               
                   
                 (62%) 
                 DR-200 
                 Na salicylate 
                 betaine 
                 only 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 10 sec wt 
                 114.3 
                 115.1 
                 108.4 
                 105.3 
                   
               
               
                 1, g 
               
               
                 10 sec wt 
                 117.6 
                 113.4 
                 107.2 
                 118.8* 
               
               
                 2, g 
               
               
                 10 sec wt 
                 114.9 
                 115.9 
                 109.1 
                 106.1 
               
               
                 3, g 
               
               
                 10 sec wt 
                 110.2 
                 112.5 
                 110.6 
                 105.8 
               
               
                 4, g 
               
               
                 Average 
                 114.25 
                 114.225 
                 108.825 
                 105.7333333 
                 Not 
               
               
                 wt, g 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 measured 
               
               
                 Solution 
                 thin 
                 thin 
                 thick 
                 thick 
                 thin 
               
               
                 appearance 
               
               
                 Drift level 
                 High 
                 Small level 
                 Medium level 
                 Medium level 
                 High 
               
               
                   
                 level- 
                   
                 (some drift) - 
                 (some drift) - 
                 level- 
               
               
                   
                 poor 
                   
                 good 
                 good 
                 poor 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0025]    Method: One gallon of each of the above samples (5 samples including water) was prepared. The water used was city tap water in all cases. Samples were prepared the day before testing to ensure that samples were solubilized. 
         [0026]    Each sample was sprayed using the tub sprayer with the yellow nozzle (designated “XR teejet”). The spraying pressure used was 30 psi. The sample was prayed into a 5-gal plastic bucket for 10 seconds and the weight of the sprayed sample was recorded. Four replicates were made for each sample. The drift level was determined by observing the mist during 10 second spraying intervals. 
         [0027]    The tub was cleaned by rinsing with tap water between samples. 
         [0028]    The data in example 2 indicated that 1% IPA glyphosate (62%) (Sample A) and water (Sample E) had high level of drifting (a lot of mist). 1% IPA glyphosate (62%)+0.1% DR-200 (Sample B) gave lowest level of drifting (least mist). Samples containing VES surfactants (Sample C and D) gave intermediate (desired) drift level between the guar only sample (Sample B) and 1% IPA glyphosate (62%) sample (Sample A). 
       EXAMPLE 3 
       [0029]    Drift observation with a hand-held Sprayer (data recorded in notebook 2207-97) 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Name of 
                 wt of 
                 wt of 
                 Name of 
                 wt of 
                 Name of 
                 wt of 
                 Name of 
                 wt of 
                 Drift 
               
               
                 C1 
                 C1 
                 H2O 
                 C2 
                 C2 
                 C3 
                 C3 
                 C4 
                 C4 
                 Pattern 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 fine 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.033 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 thin 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.033 
                 Armeen 
                 0.1 
                   
                   
                 thin 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
                   
                 APA 2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.033 
                 KCl 
                 0.06 
                   
                   
                 thin 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Guar 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.01 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 fine 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.01 
                 Ethoquad 
                 0.1 
                   
                   
                 T/F  
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
                   
                 E/12 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.01 
                 VES 2C 
                 0.1 
                   
                   
                 T/&gt;F 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 corn 
                 0.1 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 fine 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 starch 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.02 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 &gt;T/F      
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.01 
                 NS 500 
                 0.043 
                   
                   
                 T/&gt;F 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
                   
                 LQ 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.01 
                 CO 360 
                 0.051 
                   
                   
                 T/&gt;F 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.01 
                 Arquad 
                 0.077 
                   
                   
                 T/&gt;F 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
                   
                 APA E E 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.01 
                 TSP-15 
                 0.051 
                   
                   
                 T/&gt;F 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.01 
                 corn 
                 0.01 
                 Ethoquad 
                 0.1 
                 T/&gt;F 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
                   
                 starch 
                   
                 E/12 
               
               
                 62% IPA 
                 0.33 
                 30 
                 DR-2000 
                 0.01 
                 corn 
                 0.01 
                 VES 2C 
                 0.1 
                 T/&gt;F 
               
               
                 glyphosate 
                   
                   
                 Guar 
                   
                 starch 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0030]    Tests for drift were conducted using a hand-held sprayer (sprayer head cat. #30W8TS and sprayer bottle cat. #68WRTS). Test solutions were added to the bottle and the spray head was pumped several times with constant pressure until a consistent spray was produced. 
         [0031]    The normal spray pattern with water appeared as a fine, broad pattern of mist (fine). Samples containing guar exhibited a different pattern, consisting of a thin, concentrated spray stream with almost no fine mist being observed (thin). Samples shown as T/F were a mix of the two patterns. “&gt;F” means a very fine spray pattern was observed. 
         [0032]    This method of spraying seemed sensitive and capable of picking up small changes in drift characteristics. 
         [0033]    All samples containing guar contained small floating globules after initial mixing. Overnight, these globules settled to the bottom of the vial. We noticed that the spray pattern of the clear upper layer from the guar sample was the same as that of the original sprayed samples (thin).