Abstract:
The present invention provides an apparatus for creating an outer surface effect of a structure wherein at least one wall of the structure defines a support surface, the apparatus comprising means defining a covering surface which overlies the support surface but is movable therefrom, so that a quantity of material to create the outer surface effect can be positioned between the support surface and the covering surface, and wherein the covering surface is in the form of a panel.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a continuation application of the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/413,904, filed Mar. 30, 2009, which is a continuation application of Ser. No. 11/958,809, filed Dec. 18, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,530,763, which is a continuation application of the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/597,910, filed Aug. 11, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,419,330, which is a National Stage Entry of International Patent Application No. PCT/GB2005/000447, filed Feb. 9, 2005, filed Feb. 9, 2005, which claims priority to United Kingdom Patent Application No. 0403109.2, filed Feb. 12, 2004. The entirety of all of the aforementioned applications is incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0002]    This invention relates to apparatus for the creation of outer surfaces having certain effects for structures. In particular, the invention relates to gabion facades and to gabion inserts. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    In European Patent No. 0466726, there is set forth a cage structure useful in connection with the creation of building blocks, which can be used for sea defences, shoring hillsides, and for providing military defence walls. These structures are made of open mesh panels, for example of welded mesh material, or twisted wire construction. The advantage of the structure set forth is that the panels are used to form the walls of the structure, with the panels being pivotally connected under factory conditions and the structure can be folded to a flat collapsed condition for transportation to site. On site, simply by manipulation, the structure is capable of being moved from the collapsed condition to an erected condition, in which the structure defines a row of open topped cavities which can be filled with soil, sand, rubble or the like to form a wall (or part thereof), shoring block or the like. The invention has been successful commercially on a worldwide basis. 
         [0004]    The type of gabion described in EP-B-0466726 has applications in the military field, as well as in civil and environmental defence. Other types of gabion have applications in landscape design and in decorative or aesthetic connections, such as garden ornaments or window boxes. It may be desirable in some circumstances to provide such gabions with a surface effect which allows the gabion fill material to be obscured from view by a surface effect material in use of the gabion. 
         [0005]    As well as aesthetic reasons for providing a surface effect, a problem which has been encountered with some gabions is that in certain climates, particularly hot climates, the material which is used to fill the cavities formed by the panels can be susceptible to changing conditions under temperature extremes. For example the material may be caused to contract in cold weather or expand in hot weather which can cause the structure to be less rigid or threaten to “burst” the joins between the panels. 
         [0006]    A further problem is that in certain instances it can be desirable to provide a building structure with a particular surface effect, which it might not otherwise have from the material used to fill the cavities. 
         [0007]    It should be clear that the invention can be applied to other building structures and situations. This should be borne in mind despite the fact that in the following a structure of the type described in the applicant&#39;s patent EP0466726 is given as a particular embodiment of the invention. Other types of gabion are particularly susceptible to improvement with this invention. 
         [0008]    In a collapsible/erectable structure it is difficult to give the walls, or one wall a different surface effect than would be achieved as a result of the materials used for the structure and the filling material. It is disclosed in the said patent that when the structure is erected and filled, the walls can be given a different surface effect by the spraying of decorative synthetic resin onto the walls of the erected structure. However, it may be desirable that the walls were to have a different surface effect, say of aesthetically attractive materials such as pebbles, turf or of other vegetation effect, or a surface effect for protective purposes that could not be achieved with the structure specifically described in the said patent. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0009]    The present invention provides an apparatus whereby an outer surface can be provided, which is other than the surface which would be achieved without the invention with the located surface effect being of advantage from an appearance effect and/or in controlling the condition of the building structure. 
         [0010]    Accordingly, the present invention provides cage structure comprising opposed side walls connected by opposed end walls defining a cage cavity therebetween, the cage structure being provided on at least one side or end wall with a façade spaced from said side or end wall to an extent sufficient to accommodate a surface effect material between the at least one side or end wall and the façade. 
         [0011]    Preferably the façade comprises a material which permits viewing of the surface effect material when thus accommodated. 
         [0012]    Also provided is a cage structure comprising opposed side walls connected by opposed end walls defining a cage cavity therebetween, the cage structure being provided on at least one side or end wall with an insert spaced from said side or end wall to an extent sufficient to accommodate a surface effect material between the at least one side or end wall and the insert. Preferably the side or end wall on which the insert is provided comprises a material which permits viewing of the surface effect material when thus accommodated. 
         [0013]    The façade or insert may comprise a secondary cage structure comprising opposed side walls connected by opposed end walls defining a cage cavity therebetween. 
         [0014]    The cage structure may be in the form of a multi-compartmental gabion comprising pivotally connected side and end walls and at least one pivotally connected partition wall, the at least one partition wall separating individual compartments of the gabion. In this case the façade or insert may comprise a secondary cage structure in the form of a multi-compartmental gabion comprising pivotally connected side and end walls and at least one pivotally connected partition wall, the at least one partition wall separating individual compartments of the gabion. 
         [0015]    The cage structure may be provided with a first fill material filled against the façade or against the side or end wall on which the insert is provided, and a second fill material filled behind the first fill material, the second fill material being a different material from the first fill material. 
         [0016]    The present invention also provides a cage structure comprising opposed side walls connected by opposed end walls defining a cage cavity therebetween, the cage structure being provided on at least one side or end wall with a façade spaced from said side or end wall to an extent sufficient to accommodate a surface effect material between the at least one side or end wall and the façade, the façade comprising a material which permits viewing of the surface effect material when thus accommodated. 
         [0017]    Also according to the present invention there is provided a cage structure comprising opposed side walls connected by opposed end walls defining a cage cavity therebetween, the cage structure being provided on at least one side or end wall with an insert spaced from said side or end wall to an extent sufficient to accommodate a surface effect material between the at least one side or end wall and the insert, the side or end wall on which the insert is provided comprising a material which permits viewing of the surface effect material when thus accommodated. 
         [0018]    It will therefore be seen that the invention permits the adaptation of a gabion structure to provide a surface effect by blocking or partially blocking through at least one side or end wall of the gabion viewing of a gabion fill material located in the gabion by interposing between the viewer and the gabion fill material a surface effect material accommodated either on the outside of the said side or end wall (and retained in place by the façade) or on the inside of the said side or end wall (and retained in place by the insert). 
         [0019]    The façade may for example comprise a mesh material which permits viewing of the accommodated surface effect material through the mesh holes. Alternatively, the façade may comprise a transparent material—such as glass, acrylic or Perspex™ for example. 
         [0020]    In the case of an insert, the side or end wall on which the insert is provided preferably comprises a mesh material which permits viewing of the accommodated surface effect material through the mesh holes. 
         [0021]    If the surface effect material has a technical function rather than an aesthetic function, it is not necessary for the surface effect material to be viewable from the outside. Thus, if the surface effect material has anti-corrosive properties, for example, the façade or the side or end wall on which the insert is provided may be opaque 
         [0022]    The façade or insert is preferably connected to the side or end wall on which it is provided, or may be connected either side of said side or end wall to neighbouring pairs of side, end walls. In the case of a multi-compartmental gabion, an insert may alternatively (or also) be connected to one or more partition walls neighbouring the side wall on which the insert is provided (partition walls in this case being the walls dividing compartments of a multi-compartmental gabion) 
         [0023]    Such connection is preferably achieved by suitable mechanical means, for example one or more connectors, clips, ties or fasteners. 
         [0024]    The connection, particularly in the case of a façade, may be removable. That is to say, the connector(s), clip(s) tie(s) or fastener(s) may be releasable or removable to allow detachment, or partial detachment, of the façade or insert. Such connection may be pivotal (one edge of the façade or insert being pivotally connected to a corresponding edge of the side or end wall, for example), or the façade or insert may be completely removeable from the side or end wall. 
         [0025]    In accordance with the invention there is provided an apparatus for creating an outer surface of a structure wherein at least one wall of the structure defines a support surface, the apparatus comprising means defining a covering surface which overlies the support surface but is movable therefrom, so that a quantity of material to create the outer surface can be positioned between the support surface and the covering surface, and wherein the covering surface is in the form of a panel. When the surface effect material has an aesthetic quality. Typically the panel is a mesh panel or transparent panel through which the said surface effect material can be viewed. 
         [0026]    In accordance with the invention there is provided an apparatus for creating an outer surface of a structure wherein at least one wall of the structure defines a support surface, the apparatus comprising means defining a covering surface which overlies the support surface but is movable therefrom, so that a quantity of material to create the outer surface can be positioned between the support surface and the covering surface, and wherein the covering surface is in the form of a panel. Typically the panel is a mesh panel or transparent panel through which the said surface affect material can be viewed. 
         [0027]    Preferably, the support surface is defined by a mesh panel, and the edges of the cover panel are connected to the edges of the support mesh panel by means of suitable connectors. Suitable connectors may be in the form of elongated, coiled wire connectors threaded round the edges of the mesh panels at a pair of opposite edges of such panels, or threaded about intermediate spacing panels which serve to space the outer panels from the support of the structure. 
         [0028]    Preferably, the structure is defined by a series of mesh panels, and the edges of the cover panel are connected to the edges of the support mesh panel by means of elongated, coiled wire connectors threaded round the edges of the mesh panels at a pair of opposite edges of such panels, or threaded about intermediate spacing panels which serve to space the outer panels from the support of the structure. 
         [0029]    In one embodiment, the cover panels can be pivoted away from the support panel, or be removed therefrom to a sufficient extent to allow a cavity to be formed for the reception of the material to create the outer surface. The material can for example be a layer of turf or other horticultural vegetation, or decorative wood planks, board, or wooden fencing members (such as chestnut fencing poles), rocks, boulders, gravel to be placed on the support panel, or within the cavity. The cover panel can if required be positioned to retain the said material and again if required be connected, by re-threading the coiled wire connector through the edges of the cover and support panels, to trap the material in position between the panels. 
         [0030]    The cover panel may be detached completely by removing both coiled wire connectors, or if the cover panel is mounted so as to lie spaced from the support panel to a sufficient extent, then the material may be positioned between the panels without removing the cover panel. 
         [0031]    The support panel may be a wall panel of a collapsible structure as described above. Indeed, and as can be expected, all of the wall panels of one or both sides of such a structure may be provided with a surface effect as set for the above. The outer surfaces for the individual wall panels will usually be the same, but they could be different as desired. The invention also extends to a structure as described above, but wherein the various panels, or at least some of them are delivered to site, and the structure is erected on site by connecting the panels together, the outer surface being added after erection of the structure, or in an alternative arrangement, each support panel and its cover panel may be pre-connected and constructed to receive the material to form the outer surface therebetween. 
         [0032]    Where the outer surface is created by growing material, this may eventually grow to such an extent as to conceal the cover panel mesh, and so using the collapsible structures mentioned above, could provide a quick means of erecting say a grassy bank, or a boundary hedge wall, which would have a natural look, without the need for any excavation. The invention therefore has considerable advantages. The invention may also have advantages in garden and landscape design, allowing the erection of structures having pleasing outer surface effects created with minimal use of an outer surface effect material. 
         [0033]    A further advantage is that by selecting the appropriate material to form the outer surface, so heat insulation can be achieved by the said material thereby preventing adverse effects from the heat on the structure or the filling material or on other items adjacent the structure. 
         [0034]    Typically, each or selected sides of the structure can be provided with the panels thereby allowing an outer surface to be created on all or selected sides of the structure. In addition, the material used to form the outer surface can also be positioned on the top of the structure to form an outer surface thereon. 
         [0035]    In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a structure comprising a series of interconnected side panels forming a cavity for the reception of filling material therein to form a building structure having opposing side walls and end walls and wherein additional panels are provided along at least the side walls, externally thereof and joined to the same but spaced apart to form respective first and second cavities for the reception of material which differs to the filling material and form outer surfaces along at least the side walls. 
         [0036]    In one embodiment the material used has better insulating characteristics than the filling material. 
         [0037]    By way of explanation, an embodiment of the invention, with modifications, is illustrated in the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, and is explained in the description which follows. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0038]      FIG. 1  shows in perspective view, a wall created by collapsible/erectable structures as described herein; 
           [0039]      FIG. 2  is an exploded perspective view of the parts defining one cavity of one of the structures shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0040]      FIG. 3  is an elevation view of one of the structures of  FIG. 1 , to show how it can be folded to the collapsed position; 
           [0041]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the wall of  FIG. 1 , but showing the cover panels attached to form a structure according to the embodiment of the invention; 
           [0042]      FIG. 5  is a view similar to  FIG. 2 , but shows a modification; 
           [0043]      FIG. 6  is a view similar to  FIG. 4 , but showing the wall with the surface effect layers in position; 
           [0044]      FIG. 7  is a view similar to  FIG. 2 , but showing a further modification; 
           [0045]      FIG. 8  is a cross sectional view taken on the line X-X in  FIG. 6 , showing the support mesh, the cover mesh panel and the surface effect layer; 
           [0046]      FIGS. 9 and 10  respectively are views to show two of the many different types of surface effect layer which can be used; 
           [0047]      FIG. 11  is a plan view of a collapsible/erectable structure of a different type which can be used; 
           [0048]      FIG. 12  is a plan of the structure shown in  FIG. 11 , to illustrate how it can be folded to the collapsed condition; 
           [0049]      FIG. 13A  shows, in perspective view, a multi-compartmental cage structure with a façade; and 
           [0050]      FIG. 13B  shows, in perspective view, a multi-compartmental cage structure with an insert. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Method to Execute the Invention 
       [0051]    In  FIG. 1 , a wall  10  is made up of three conventional collapsible/erectable structures of the type described herein and superimposed one upon the other as shown. The structures are illustrated by the reference numerals  12 ,  14  and  16 . In this example the structures are of trapezoidal cross-section so that the bottom one  12  is the broadest, whilst the top one  16  is the narrowest. The structures are made up of panels as described, and these panels are interconnected by means of coiled wire connectors  18 , in known manner. 
         [0052]    The structures  12 ,  14  and  16  have no top or bottom, so that each defines a row of cavities  20 ,  22 ,  24  and so on, and the structures can be of any appropriate length. Typically, the structure may be of 10 cavity lengths but this is not to be considered as limiting. 
         [0053]    In a practical example, the inner surfaces of the panels of the structures  12 ,  14  and  16  are lined with a retaining material such as a geo-textile material so that when the structure cavities  20 ,  22  and  24  are filled with appropriate filling material such as soil, sand, rocks or other ballast, that material will not pass through the meshes of the panels, it being remembered that the panels making up the structure will normally be of welded mesh construction. 
         [0054]    These structures and the features described are of course already known. 
         [0055]      FIG. 2  shows typically how the panels are used in each structure to form one cavity of the structure. In  FIG. 2  the panels shown form the cavity  20  of the top structure  16 , and the panels comprise two similar mesh side panels  26  and  28 , and two end panels  30  and  32 , which comprise trapezoidal rod boundaries and intermediate parallel connecting rods, although this is still considered to be a mesh structure. Although shown in a trapezoidal form it should be appreciated that the structures can be cube or cuboid in shape, or any other suitable shape. The panels  26  to  32  are connected by means of the coiled wire connectors  18 , one of which is shown in greater detail in  FIG. 2 , but each of the axes  18 A represents the position of one of these connectors. To connect the panels shown in  FIG. 2 , they are brought into the trapezoidal configuration shown in  FIG. 1 , and then the connectors  18  are spirally wound about the adjacent end bars of the panels so that each connector  18  embraces two bars of the respective adjacent panel edges. By this means, the panels are all pivotally connected together, and having regard to the diameter of the connector  18 , so there is a relatively free pivotal movement and there is a certain amount of clearance so that the panel edges are free to move within the connectors. 
         [0056]    Of the panels  30  and  32 , if the panel  30  is at the end of a structure, it will be an end panel, but panel  32  will be common to the next cavity, and it is commonly known as a partition panel. The spiral connectors which connect panels  26  and  28  to panel  32  therefore also simultaneously embrace the next adjacent side panels of the next cavity, and so on. 
         [0057]    It will be understood that the structures depicted in  FIG. 1  is therefore foldable by relative pivoting between the various panels, and  FIG. 3  is included to show how the structures can be folded.  FIG. 3  shows the top structure  16 , and the additional panels making up cavity  22  are indicated by reference numerals  26 A,  28 A and  32 A. To collapse the structure the alternate partition panels  30  and  32 A are moved in opposite directions as indicated by the arrows  34  and  36  and so the whole structure can fold up zigzag or concertina fashion. Although the partition panels  32  and the end panels  30  are of trapezoidal form, there is sufficient clearance within the coil connectors  18  to allow complete folding to take place. Each of the structures  12 ,  14  and  16  is collapsible in the same way, and therefore can be folded up for transportation purposes. 
         [0058]    The structures  12 ,  14  and  16  need not be of trapezoidal form, but this form is of particular advantage in relation to the utilisation of the present invention. 
         [0059]    In the present invention, the outer surfaces of the panels of the structures shown in  FIG. 1  are provided to receive material to form an outer surface to give the overall wall the appearance of having a surface of a material which is different from that which is typically placed in the cavity  20 ,  22 ,  24 . Referring to  FIG. 4 , one embodiment is shown and in this embodiment, additional cover panels  40  to  50  are connected to the side panels of the structures as shown. These panels  40  to  50  are connected to the panels using the same connector coils  18  or in a modification, separate connector coils, and the coils connect so that the panels  40  to  50  are pivotable by virtue of being connected to these coils. 
         [0060]    In order to provide the material to form the outer surface of the structure the panels  40  to  50  are pivoted clear of the side panels of the structures  12 ,  14  and  16 , which side panels form support panels and the material can either be applied over the support panels as shown or placed into cavities defined between the support panels and cover panels. When the material is applied, the cover panels  40  to  50  are pivoted back onto the material, and are connected to each other by means of a coiled wire connector such as  18  at the free edges which are shown in  FIG. 4  and which meet when the cover panels are placed into position. The coiled wire connectors which connect panels  40  and  46 ,  42  and  48 , and  44  and  50 , may be coupled to the existing coiled wire connectors connecting the structure side panels by the insertion of a connecting rod through the two coiled connectors which are moved sufficiently close so that the coils overlap, thereby trapping the surface effect material which is viewable through the panels  40  to  50  as these panels also are of mesh construction. The effect is in fact shown in  FIG. 6 , where the dashed line areas are intended to represent material which in this embodiment is turf, so that the wall eventually will have a turf surface appearance. This is applied over the whole of the wall surface. 
         [0061]    Instead of placing turf between the support and cover mesh panels, other suitable horticultural material can be used such as the material known as “seedam” which is a material which is supplied as a thin layer and in rolls, and is simply unrolled and placed on the ground. The layer comprises soil bound by means of a woven fabric, and the soil contains a seed material from which green vegetation grows. 
         [0062]      FIG. 8  is included to show a section of this material, and in this figure the growing material is indicated at  52  as it grows through the cover panel  44 , and the support panel  26  is also illustrated. Between the support panel and the cover panel is the fabric  54  which forms the binding for the material, and also illustrated is the soil layer  56 . The Seedam material has roots which grow rearwards, and these are shown at  58  where they pass through the geo-textile material  60  on the inner side of support panel  26 . 
         [0063]    The Seedam material is so constructed that the soil and binding fabric will retain moisture enabling the vegetation  52  to grow efficiently, but the addition of the geo-textile material  60  provides a further means for the retention of moisture, and the invention therefore is of particular relevance to the effective growing of the Seedam material. The Seedam material provides an excellent green covering and growth is limited as compared for example to grass so that cutting of the Seedam material is not necessary and therefore it is particularly suitable for this application. 
         [0064]    Instead of the panels  40  to  50  being pivotally mounted as shown in  FIG. 4 , they can be detachably mounted and the material for the outer surface can be mounted on the panels  40  to  50  and then the panels and the material applied as appropriate. 
         [0065]    If reference is made to  FIG. 5 , modifications are shown therein to the end panel  30 . At one side end panel is shown as having an extension wing  62  which forms a connecting bar for the coiled connectors. If the bar  62  is used for example for mounting the cover panels  40  to  50 , then these panels  40  to  50  will be spaced slightly further from the support panels of the structures so that thicker surface effect layers can be positioned between the panels. In this case the structure panel would be connected to rod portion  64 , and the cover panel would be connected to rod portion  62 . 
         [0066]    Another modification shown in  FIG. 5  is indicated that the opposite side of panel  30  and comprises an extension ladder  66 . One rail  68  of that ladder would be coupled to the end panel rod portion  70  by a coiled connector, whilst the other rail  72  serves for the mounting of the cover panel. If either of these modifications is adopted, it would be adopted on each of the end and partition panels of the foldable structure. 
         [0067]    Another modification of this character is shown in  FIG. 7  where the side panels  26  and  28  are replaced by a frame  74 , which serves to receive a mesh tray  76 . The tray  76  has a mesh base and rod extension sides  78  and  80  and a base extension  82  of the form shown. The structure is built using the side panels  74 , and when it is erected into a wall, the tray  76  is fitted for the receipt of the surface effect material which can be quite thick having regard to the height of the extensions  78  and  82 . After the tray is fitted, and the surface effect material is inserted, a cover panel such as  40  to  50  is applied over the tray to retain the surface effect material. All or one or more of the side panels of the structures  12  to  16  may be constructed in this way. 
         [0068]      FIGS. 9 and 10  show how solid material may be used to form the outer surface and these are preferably used where the spacing between the support and cover panels is sufficient and these panels are held in spaced relationship. 
         [0069]    In  FIG. 9  it is shown that wooden planks  84  may be dropped in behind the cover panels or may be placed in the tray  76  of  FIG. 7 , whilst  FIG. 10  shows that chestnut-fencing posts  86  may be used for creating the surface effect. In another arrangement, the surface effect is created by one or more metal plates. 
         [0070]      FIGS. 11 and 12  are included to show that collapsible/erectable structures in accordance with the invention may be of a different configuration from that shown in  FIGS. 4 to 10 . In the arrangement of  FIG. 11 , additional pivot connections are provided at  90  in each side of the structure. These pivot connections are parallel to the other pivot connections on that side of the structure and again is created by a coiled wire connector. Each side of each cavity therefore is split into two equal sections which can pivot relative to one another during the collapsing and erecting operations of the structure. 
         [0071]      FIG. 12  shows how the structure can be collapsed by pivoting the side sections outwardly so that the partition panels  30 ,  32 ,  32 A and so on move together in the direction of the arrows  92  as shown in  FIG. 12 . In this arrangement material can be placed into the cavities  93  when the structure is in the erected condition shown in  FIG. 11 , with the material placed therein forming the outer surface of the structure on both elongate side walls of the structure. For example, if it is desired that the outer surface which is formed has insulating properties, and then material with such properties which are better than the material used to fill the main cavities  22 ,  24  and so on can be used to fill the cavities  93  and hence provide the insulating outer surface. Such material could be rocks or the like and which therefore serve to insulate the structure as a whole. Furthermore, if required, the material used to form the outer surface of the elongate side walls can also be used to form the outer surfaces of the end walls of the structure in cavities formed therein, in the same manner by the addition of the panels and/or the top of the structure by placing and, if necessary, securing the insulating material in position, and even the base of the structure by placing said material onto the surface prior to placing the structure thereon and then filling the same. 
         [0072]    Another modification shown in  FIG. 13A  provides a multi-compartmental cage structure  100  comprising opposed side walls  110  and  120  connected by opposed end walls  130  and  140  and at least one pivotally connected partition wall  150 . The at least one partition wall  150  separating individual compartments  160  of the cage  100 . The cage structure  100  further comprises a façade  200  in the form a secondary cage structure comprising opposed side walls  210  and  220  connected by opposed end walls  230  and  240  and at least one pivotally connected partition wall  250 . The façade  200  can accommodate a surface effect material  270  and comprises a material which permits viewing of the surface effect material when thus accommodated. Preferably, the end wall  230  of the façade  200  may define a cover panel that comprises a material which permits viewing of the surface effect material  270 . 
         [0073]    In another modification shown in  FIG. 13B , the cage structure  100  further comprises an insert  300  in the form a secondary cage structure comprising opposed side walls  310  and  320  connected by opposed end walls  330  and  340  and at least one pivotally connected partition wall  350 . The insert  300  can accommodate a surface effect material  370  and comprises a material which permits viewing of the surface effect material when thus accommodated. Preferably, the end wall  130  of the cage structure  100  and the end wall  330  of the insert  300  comprise a material which permits viewing of the surface effect material  370 . 
         [0074]    A further possible embodiment of the invention may be contemplated in which the panels are provided with integrally formed limbs. Each limb may have a return that can engage a part of the gabion. In use, a layer of decorative material such as turf is interposed between the gabion and the panel. The panel is pressed against the gabion causing the decorative layer to compress. The limb bends to pass a wire of the gabion. Releasing the panel allows the decorative layer to expand back to its original dimension thereby causing the return of the limb to engage a wire of the gabion. Limbs can be provided instead of the aforementioned hinge-engaging fasteners or supplementary thereto. Additionally or alternatively, one or more limbs may be disposed towards the centre of each panel to inhibit bowing-out of the panel in use, which adverse effect may occur over time, e.g., as grass/vegetation root systems establish. 
       Method of Industrial Application of the Invention 
       [0075]    In this invention it is not necessary that the structures are erected in the factory. They could be erected on site, where some or all of the pivot connections are made, and the surface effect material could be inserted in the erected structure on site or it could be supplied between the support and cover panels and supplied as panel units. 
         [0076]    The invention provides a means of adding to the functionality and/or the aesthetic appeal of a gabion structure. Thus, if it is desired to provide a gabion structure with an exterior surface effect for aesthetic reasons, this can be achieved by using a surface effect material with aesthetic properties. Alternatively, if it is desired to provide a gabion structure with an improved functionality (e.g., resistance to weathering, corrosion, heat expansion, water penetration and the like) then a suitable functional material can be selected as the surface effect material. 
         [0077]    The invention provides that an outer surface on the side walls of the structure can be created by using a covering mesh panel, where such effects either visual and/or protective would not normally exist. The invention has particular application to the collapsible type structures discussed herein, and can be used to maintain the characteristics of the same in extreme environmental conditions by preventing expansion or contraction and hence improving the safety of the structures as required.