Abstract:
A shaking system for a harvesting head used in picking fruit from orchards has a fruit separating assembly with a lower subassembly and an upper subassembly. The upper subassembly is positioned rearwardly of said lower subassembly at a higher level than the lower subassembly. First and second oscillating drive shafts are independently and drivingly connected to the respective first and second subassemblies.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED U.S. APPLICATIONS 
     Not applicable. 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     NAMES OF PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT 
     Not applicable. 
     REFERENCE TO AN APPENDIX SUBMITTED ON COMPACT DISC 
     Not applicable. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention concerns a harvesting machine for small fruit produced in orchards, especially in olive groves, for the harvesting or picking of olives. More precisely, the invention is attached to the picking head of this machine. 
     2. Description of Related Art Including Information Disclosed Under 37 CFR 1.97 and 37 CFR 1.98. 
     Grape picking machines are known which feature a picking head which includes a shaking system consisting of two berry detaching assemblies mounted opposite to each other and containing each a number of stacked shakers consisting for example of small flexible bars, fastened, by the intermediary of their ends, to two vertical shafts of which at least one is an oscillating actuation shaft linked to a shaking control imparting an oscillating movement to it. 
     There are also grape picking machines with two shaking systems placed one after the other, at the same height, in order to increase efficiency with respect to the dropping rate of the grapes. This configuration, however, causes many vine branches to break because of the repetitious strikes in the same area and creates balancing problems so that the results are unsatisfactory. 
     Certain manufacturers of equipment for the olive-oil industry have proposed to raise the height of the shaking assemblies of the classic fruit picking machines to adapt it to the height of olive trees. 
     However, increasing the height of the harvesting system has its limits, as it does not permit by itself to resolve the particular problems associated with the harvesting of small fruit grown on fruit trees and bushes of great height and laid out in line, especially in olive-groves. 
     One of these problems is the necessarily reduced clearance height of the straddling carrier, i.e., the clearance height under the chassis of the latter (generally in the range of 2.2 m corresponding to a shaking height in the range of 1.8 m behind which the actual harvesting machine is mounted or hitched up. To alleviate this problem, the olive growers keep olive hedge-rows fairly low so as to be able to straddle them, which has the drawback of limiting the yield of trees grown with a reduced height. 
     The second problem derives from the manufacture of shaking systems with a large number of stacked picking arm pairs (a dozen of stacked picking arm pairs is considered to be the maximum). The drawback of such a design is to cause unbearable vibrations for the driver of the machine, these vibrations being also detrimental to the reliability of the shaking system because of the overload of picking arms mounted on a single oscillating shaft. 
     One goal of the invention is to solve the problems posed by harvesting machines of small fruit, olives in particular, primarily noteworthy for an increase in the height of the shaking systems of the classic harvesting machines. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to the invention, this objective has been achieved owing to a machine featuring a picking head which includes a shaking system including two fruit detaching assemblies mounted opposite to each other and separated by a vertical space. These assemblies featuring each a number of stacked shakers, for instance formed by flexible bars, fastened, by the intermediary of their ends, to two vertical shafts, of which at least one is an oscillating actuation shaft linked to a shaking control imparting an oscillating movement to it. This shaking system being noteworthy primarily in that each of its vertical fruit detaching assemblies includes two sub-assemblies, namely first a lower sub-assembly and second an upper sub-assembly that is offset towards the back in relation to said lower sub-assembly and in the forward travel of the machine in operation, each sub-assembly of stacked picking arms being driven by its own oscillating drive shaft. 
     This shaking system provides several advantages:
         it allows distributing the picking arms of each shaking assembly over two distinct drive shafts which solves the problem of constraints that arise from driving a large number of picking arms by a single oscillating shaft.   It permits solving the problem of trees (olive-trees for example) or of bushes bending forward in order to pass under the arch of the chassis of the straddling tractor; so that at first the picking arms of the lower sub-assemblies efficiently shake the lower part of the tree, then the tree straightens up after having passed under the arch and it becomes the turn of the picking arms of the upper sub-assemblies to shake efficiently the upper area of the tree which in this manner finds itself completely harvested, in two strokes.   It allows to considerably increase the height of the shaking system and of the number of picking arms (for example, 28 pairs of picking arms, distributed over a height of 3.40 m).       

     According to an advantageous method of execution, the vertical activation shafts of the picking arms of the lower and upper sub-assemblies respectively which define two shaking zones in front and in back, are separated by a distance which is essentially equal to the planting distance between the fruit trees. More precisely, the offset between the activation shafts of the lower and upper sub-assemblies is essentially equal to the length of the shaking zones defined by said sub-assemblies. This characteristic arrangement prevents the tree from being sheared, considering the fact that one tree is always engaged whereby it is possible to smooth out the load on the shaking motor and its mechanism. In this manner the shaking actions generated by the shaking units or the pairs of upper and lower shaking sub-assemblies are applied successively on each fruit tree to be harvested, and not simultaneously. 
     According to another interesting method of execution, the stacked picking arms of the lower sub-assemblies and the stacked picking arms of the upper sub-assemblies are operated in opposition which means that when the picking arms of the lower sub-assemblies move in one direction, the picking arms of the upper sub-assemblies move in the opposite direction. This arrangement allows a considerable reduction of the vibrations which offers, besides, the possibility of using the straddling tractors currently used in wine-growing. 
     According to a preferred method of execution, the pair of lower sub-assemblies or lower shaking unit and the pair of upper sub-assemblies or upper shaking unit have essentially the same height and preferably feature the same number of picking arms. The level of separation between the lower unit or pair of sub-assemblies and the upper unit or pair of sub-assemblies is configured at mid-height or approximately at mid-height of the total height of the shaking assemblies. 
     According to another characteristic arrangement, the means of activation, in opposing direction, of the lower and upper shaking units, or lower and upper pairs of shaking sub-assemblies include a rotary shaft on which are mounted two eccentrics diametrically opposed to the level of their excentration, each of these eccentrics being linked, through the intermediary of a first connecting rod to a first pivoting assembly attached to the oscillating activation shaft of an upper rear subassembly, this first pivoting assembly being itself linked by means of a second connecting rod to a second pivoting assembly attached to the oscillating activation shaft of the lower front shaking sub-assembly. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above aims, characteristics and advantages and still more, will become clearer from the following description and the attached drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective schematic view of a harvesting head shaking system in accordance with the invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a side view of the shaking system of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is another side view of this shaking system shown while moving forward into a position where the lower shaking unit shakes the lower portion of a tree bent forward. 
         FIG. 4  is a side view analog to  FIG. 3 , showing the shaking system in a position where the upper shaking unit shakes the upper portion of the straightened up tree. 
         FIG. 5  is a plan view of the activation mechanism of the picking arms of the lower and upper shaking units of the harvesting head. 
     
    
    
     Reference is made to said drawings to describe an interesting, although by no means limiting, example of execution of the small fruit harvesting machine according to the invention, and, more specifically, of the harvesting head of the latter. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The harvesting head of small fruit according to the invention (shown in a simplified manner on the attached drawings) comprises, in similar fashion to the grape harvesting machines, a frame  1  in the form of an arch and supporting in particular on the one hand a shaking system constituted by two detaching assemblies of the fruit  2 A,  2 B, mounted opposite each other and separated by a vertical space and, on the other hand, two conveying systems (not shown) for the receiving and transportation of the harvest to two receiving bins  3  installed laterally and in the high portion of the frame  1 A of the machine. The latter [frame] may be equipped with wheels (not shown) and the machine is motorized and has regulating systems (also not shown) enabling, respectively, the drive and the control of the operation of its active mechanisms. Such a machine may be self-propelled or may be mounted in non-permanent fashion on a straddling stilt carrier or drawn by a tractor. 
     According to an important characteristic arrangement of the invention, each fruit detaching assembly  2 A,  2 B includes two sub-assemblies, namely, respectively, a first lower sub-assembly  4 A or  4 B and a second upper sub-assembly  5   a  or  5 B offset towards the back relative to said first lower sub-assembly  4 A or  4 B and in the forward direction of the machine in operation (indicated by the arrow F on the figures of the drawings). This offset is designated by the reference X on the drawings. 
     Thus, the shaking systems comprise:
         a lower shaking unit comprising the pair of lower sub-assemblies  4 A,  4 B;   an upper shaking unit comprising the pair of upper sub-assemblies  5 A,  5 B, said upper shaking unit  5 A- 5 B being arranged in an offset manner towards the rear relative to the lower shaking unit  4 A- 4 B.       

     Each shaking sub-assembly  4 A,  4 B,  5 A,  5 B is operated by its own an oscillating shaft. The lower shaking sub-assembly  4 A is operated by a vertical oscillating shaft  6 A. The lower shaking sub-assembly  4 B is operated by an oscillating shaft  6 B; the upper shaking sub-assembly  5 A is operated by a vertical oscillating shaft  7 A, whereas the upper shaking sub-assembly  5 B is driven by an oscillating shaft  7 B. 
     According to an advantageous method of execution, each shaking sub-assembly  4 A,  4 B,  5 A,  5 B is constituted by a number of picking arms or stacked shakers  8 . These vertically spaced shakers comprise, for instance, of flexible bars that are fixed, through the intermediary of their ends, on the one hand to a first vertical shaft  6 A,  6 B,  7 A or  7 B which is mounted with an oscillation capability, around its longitudinal axis, on the frame  1  of the shaking system, and, on the other hand, to a second vertical shaft  9 A,  9 B,  10 A or  10 B which is preferably fixed, relative to frame  1 , but which could be installed with a motorized oscillating capability, or as running idle. Preferably, the stacked shakers  8  of each shaking assembly  4 A,  5 A are slightly offset vertically relative to the shakers of the other shaking sub-assembly  4 B,  5 B respectively, mounted opposite. 
     Advantageously, the shakers  8  have the general shape of a hairpin including two slightly divergent legs  8   a ,  8   b , connected to each other by a curved portion, the end of one of these branches or driving branch  8   a  being linked to an activation shaft (shafts  6 A,  6 B,  7 A,  7 B), whereas the end of the other ( 8   b ) of said branches constituting the active branch of the shaker being attached to a fixed support (shafts  9 A,  9 B,  10 A,  10 B). These flexible shakers are made of a semi-rigid material, for example of polyamide or another material with similar characteristics of flexibility and resistance to deflection (for instance: polyester, glass fiber, etc.). 
     The active branch  8   b  of these shakers  8  has a length greater than that of the driving branch  8   a  and it has one end-portion that is curved in the direction of the axis of said actuation branch. 
     According to an advantageous method of execution, the vertical driving shafts  6 A,  7 A, and  6 B,  7 B of the picking arms of the lower sub-assemblies  4 A,  4 B, and of the upper ones  5 A,  5 B, respectively, which define two shaking areas (low front shaking area and high rear shaking area), are separated by a distance X which is preferably about equal to the planting distance between the fruit trees. More specifically, the offset X between the driving shafts of the lower and upper sub-assemblies, is essentially equal to the length of the front and rear shaking areas defined by said sub-assemblies. 
     According to another interesting method of execution, the stacked picking arms of the lower sub-assemblies and the stacked picking arms of the upper sub-assemblies are activated opposite to each other which mean that when the picking arms of the lower sub-assemblies move in one direction, the picking arms of the upper sub-assemblies move in the opposite direction. 
     According to a preferred method of execution, the level of separation between the lower front unit or pair of sub-assemblies  4 A- 4 B and the upper rear unit or pair of sub-assemblies  5 A- 5 B is provided at mid-height or essentially at mid-height of the complete height of the shaking assemblies  4 A- 5 A or  4 B- 5 B. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates an interesting mode of configuration of the drive mechanisms of the oscillating shafts  6 A,  7 A,  6 B,  7 B which permits the application of this characteristic arrangement. In this figure, the references TR 1  and TR 2  represent trunks of fruit trees such as olive-trees. 
     These drive mechanisms comprise a horizontal shaft  11  mounted at the upper part and in front of the frame  1  of the harvesting head. This shaft  11  is put into rotary motion by a hydraulic motor  12  or by a motor of another type, coupled to one of the ends of said shaft. The opposite end of the latter is fitted with a flywheel  13  for the purpose of smoothing out the shaking load bursts. 
     On this rotary shaft  11  are mounted two eccentrics, i.e. aright eccentric  14  and a left eccentric  15 , these eccentrics being diametrically opposed at the level of their excentration so as to constitute a cranked shaft mounted on bearings  16  and  17 . 
     Each eccentric  14  and  15  activates a drive system of the left and right shaking assemblies  4 A- 5 A and  4 B- 5 B, respectively. As this drive system is the same for the left and right shaking assemblies, only the drive system of the left shaking assembly is described here. 
     The left eccentric  15  communicates a back-and-forth movement to a connecting rod  18 . This connecting rod is linked through the intermediary of one of its ends and by means of a hinge bolt  19  to the eccentric  15 , and through the intermediary of its other end and by means of a hinge bolt  20  to a first pivoting assembly  21 . This pivoting assembly is bolted to the oscillating shaft  7 A (or  7 B), equipped, at its upper end with a cylindrical pivot  22  mounted in a bearing  23  and pressed, in its lower part, into a bearing  24  ( FIG. 2 ). 
     The oscillating shaft  7 A is capable of receiving and activating a number of picking arms  8  (for example 14 stacked picking arms) attached by flanging, and forming together the upper left rear sub-assembly  5 A. The other end of these picking arms is attached to a shaft or a fixed support  10 A. The first pivoting assembly  21  serves also to drive the second pivoting assembly  25  in the opposite direction, by means of a connecting rod  26 . This connecting rod  26  is linked, through the intermediary of one of its ends and by means of a hinge bolt  20 , to the first pivoting assembly  21  and, through the intermediary of its opposite end and by means of a hinge bolt  27 , to the second pivoting assembly  25 . The second pivoting assembly  25  is fixed, for example by bolting, on the oscillating shaft  6 A which is equipped, at its upper end, with a cylindrical pivot  28  mounted in a bearing  29 , and in its lower part, pressed into a bearing  30 . 
     One understands that, according to this mode of execution, when the first pivoting assembly  21  is pivoted in one direction, the second pivoting assembly  25  finds itself pivoted in the opposite direction, which results in movements of opposite direction of the picking arms of the upper rear shaking unit relative to the picking arms of the lower front shaking unit. 
     The oscillating shaft  6 A is capable of receiving and activating a number of picking arms  8  (for example 14 stacked picking arms) attached by flanging, and forming, together, the lower left front sub-assembly  4 A. The opposite end of the picking arms  8  is fixed on a support or fixed shaft  9 A. 
     As indicated previously, the drive mechanisms of the right shaking assembly  4 B- 5 B, from the right eccentric  14  on, are identical, so as to have a quasi parallel displacement of the picking arms  8  of the lower shaking units  4 A- 4 B and the upper ones  5 A- 5 B, respectively. 
       FIG. 3  shows the shaking system of the harvesting head while moving forward, into a position following which the lower front shaking unit  4 A- 4 B shakes the lover part of a tree A bent forward. 
       FIG. 4  is an analog view showing the shaking system in a position where the upper part of the straightened up tree A is shaken by the upper rear shaking unit  5 A- 5 B of the harvesting head.