Abstract:
A tactile display may comprise an array of pins that may be raised in height relative to one another to represent contours of objects in a graphic image or picture when touched. Various physical attributes may be given to individual pins to represent color or brightness. For example, pins may be heated or cooled to represent cool or warm colors in the original image. Pins may also be vibrated or otherwise enhanced to represent color or brightness information in the original image.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    Embodiments of the present invention, relate to tactile displays and, more particularly, to tactile displays which may display visual information including color representation. 
       BACKGROUND INFORMATION 
       [0002]    Pin art matrix devices have been popular as toys and as art for a number of years.  FIG. 1  shows a typical pin art matrix device. The device takes a three-dimensional relief of a surface by using a crowded array of pins  2  that are free to slide back and forth independently. The three dimensional object, such as a human hand, is pressed into the under side of the matrix  4  and the pins  2  traverse upwards proportional to the contours of the object. The object is then displayed on the top side  6  of the matrix as a combination of pins all at various heights. 
         [0003]    Tactile displays for the sight impaired have also been around for a number of years which take advantage of pin matrix devices. Typically the matrix is fairly small and actuators raise a series of pins to a same height to represent a braille character which may be read by touching a finger to the matrix. Each braille character or cell is made up of six dot positions, arranged in a rectangle matrix containing two columns of three dots each. A dot may be raised at any of the six positions to form sixty-four combinations, including the combination in which no dots are raised. 
         [0004]    More recently devices have been developed for translating visual images into tactile images. For example, U.S. published patent application 2002/0158836 to Ishmael, Jr. et al., describes an imaging device for converting incident light from a visual image into electrical signals that are proportional to the gray scale intensity of the incident light. A tactile display device has a two-dimensional array of variable height pixels, wherein the height of each pixel in the tactile display is dynamically variable in proportion to the electrical signals. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0005]    The foregoing and a better understanding of the present invention may become apparent from the following detailed description of arrangements and example embodiments and the claims when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, all forming a part of the disclosure of this invention. While the foregoing and following written and illustrated disclosure focuses on disclosing arrangements and example embodiments of the invention, it should be clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and the invention is not limited thereto. 
           [0006]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of one example of a tactile display; 
           [0007]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a system to construct a tactile display according to an embodiment; and 
           [0008]      FIG. 3  is a cut away side view of a tactile display according to an embodiment for further conveying color information when touched. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0009]    In the following detailed description, like reference numerals and characters may be used to designate identical, corresponding or similar components in differing FIG. drawings. Well-known power/ground connections to integrated circuits (ICs) and other components may not be shown within the figures for simplicity of illustration and discussion. Where specific details are set forth in order to describe example embodiments of the invention, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without these specific details. 
         [0010]      FIG. 2  shows an example of a construction of a hardware system, which can be used to construct a tactile display according to the present invention. A generic computer system is shown in  FIG. 2 . That is, the hardware system shown in  FIG. 2  has an operational device  10 , an input device  20  having a keyboard  21 , a mouse  22 , and a scanner  23 , an output device  30  having a display device  31 , such as a color monitor, and a printer  32 , a memory device  40  including a hard disk device and so on, and a communication control device  50  for connecting to networks. Here, the input device  20  and the output device  30  are both generic terms. Accordingly, for example, the output device  30  does not have to be a device having the display device  31  and the printer  32 . Further, according to embodiments, a tactile pin matrix display  42  may also be operated by the operational device  10 . 
         [0011]    The operational device  10  has a central processing unit (CPU)  11 , a read only memory (ROM)  12  and a random access memory (RAM)  13 . The CPU  11  loads application programs into the RAM  13  and executes the same installed in the memory device  40  in order to perform processing of different kinds of applications. One of the application programs may be a program to digitize an image, such as a picture or graphic used in this embodiment. The program may be provided by a recording medium such as CD-ROM and a flexible disk. Further, the program may be obtained by downloading it from a server, which provides programs, over a network or the like. In both cases, it is translated into an executable form and is stored in the memory device  40  according to an embodiment. 
         [0012]    A picture or other graphic may be scanned or otherwise available to the operational device  10 . The application program running on the operational device  10  may digitize an image or take an already digitized image and perform an edge detect and an image may be created that may be displayed on the pin matrix display  42 . Edge detect filter techniques are known and typically search for borders between different colors to detect contours of objects in the graphic. These contours may then be displayed as on the pin matrix display  42  as pins of varying height. 
         [0013]      FIG. 3  shows a representative cut-away side view of the pin matrix display  42 . A top plate  52  and bottom plate  54  may have a space  56  in between separating the plates. A plurality of holes aligned between the plates,  52  and  54 , may be provided to accommodate a plurality of pins  58 . Each pin  58  may have associated therewith functional parts  60 . In particular, the functional parts may include an actuator  62  for causing the pin to move up and down relative to the plates,  52  and  54  in response to a signal from the operational device  10 . The relative heights of the pins  58  being representative of a graphic image when touched, such as by a human hand. This of course may be analogous to a black and white or grey scale image to a sighted person. 
         [0014]    In other embodiments, an enhancement might be to give each pin  58  a physical attribute to represent color in the original graphic image. For example, embodiments may vary the relative height proportional to the brightness of an image where the graphic image was converted into black and white. 
         [0015]    In other embodiments, color may also be represented such as by heating or cooling areas of the pins to represent or convey color in the image. The functional parts  60  may further include a means to heat and/or cool ones of the pins such as with a thermal electric cooler (TEC)  64 . 
         [0016]    Colors are often described in terms of “hot and cool” colors as color tends to evoke mood or feeling. For example, at one end of the spectrum cool colors may be comforting. Blue, green, and the neutrals white, gray, and silver are examples of cool colors. Warm colors convey emotions from simple optimism to strong violence. The warmth of red, yellow, pink, or orange can create excitement or even anger. The neutrals of black and brown are also considered of warm colors. Thus, the operational device  10 , may signal the TEC  64  to heat or cool ones or areas of pins to relative temperatures according to colors in the graphic image and these temperature variations when felt to the touch may convey some sense of color. 
         [0017]    Similarly, in another embodiments, a the pins  58  may have associated therewith a vibration mechanism  66 , also controlled by the functional unit  10 , to vibrate the pins at relative frequencies in an effort to also convey color of the graphic image on a tactile display  42 . Since color is not typically associated with movement or vibrations any convention may be adopted. For example, pins  58  associated with warm colors in the graphic image may vibrate at a higher frequency than cooler colors. In another embodiment, relative amounts of low currents may conduct through the pins  58  to convey color in much the same manor. 
         [0018]    The above description of illustrated embodiments of the invention, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. 
         [0019]    These modifications can be made to the invention in light of the above detailed description. The terms used in the following claims should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims. Rather, the scope of the invention is to be determined entirely by the following claims, which are to be construed in accordance with established doctrines of claim interpretation.