Abstract:
A system for subterranean termite detection, measuring, concentration, collection, marking, tracking and suppression is provided by deploying a family of devices in the soil peripheral to objects subject to termite infestation. Each device is fitted with a signal port in its dorsal surface for inspectors to examine, and lateral ingress/egress ports for termites to enter. Subterranean termites are attracted to the devices, which are constructed of a termite food material. When entering termites seal the signal port they produce a distinctive visual change that is observable by an inspector from a distance. This alerts the inspector to the presence of termite activity within the device. The signal port may have an interior reflector for reflecting light directed thereat to indicate that the signal port has been sealed by termites. The signal port may also have a mesh disposed thereacross to prevent unwanted obstruction thereof. Lateral ingress/egress ports may have a cellulose plug preventing organisms other than subterranean termites from entering. The food material of a given device may optionally be fitted with one or more chambers that are vacant or that contain separate food materials. The food material of the devices, and/or of the optional chambers, may be impregnated with toxicants that poison, growth regulators that induce desirable changes in, and/or markers detectable in, termites that feed thereon. When the optional chambers are left vacant they may serve as aggregation cavities for termite collection purposes, in which case a removable ventral plate permits withdrawal of termites contained therein.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/507,271 filed Feb. 18, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,532,838, which is a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 09/441,618 filed Nov. 16, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,189,393, which is a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 09/434,091 filed Nov. 5, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,439,069, which is a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 09/253,493 filed Feb. 19, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,178,834. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a family of devices serving as termite detectors, concentrators and toxicant dispensers. It also relates to a method of deploying such devices in concert as a means of detecting, measuring, concentrating, tracking and suppressing existing termite colonies and insuring effective suppression response within a monitored area in the event of future attacks by subterranean termites. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The cyclodienes were banned from the field of termite control in 1987. This action left a significant void. No equivalent soil drench termiticides have since been discovered to replace them. 
     Homeowners and businesses in the United States of America annually spend in excess of $1.7 billion to combat termite infestations. However, the USA is not alone. Costs associated with termite damage are significant throughout the Americas, as well as in Africa, Europe, Asia, Australasia and Oceania. 
     Recent Termite Control Developments 
     To fill the void left by the cyclodienes, new approaches have been developed in the fields of termite detection, monitoring and baiting. Many of these focus on pinpointing active termites and feeding them small, measured amounts of termite-specific toxicants in tamper resistant bait servers. The object is to reduce the population of the termite colony to the point where it cannot infest entities of economic value. 
     Once termites have been successfully suppressed, the area is monitored indefinitely for new signs of active termites. If new signs are found, a new round of toxicant baiting is initiated. 
     Factors Affecting Cost and Efficacy 
     These new approaches, though potentially effective, cost much more than the older methodologies they replace. This happens because they are labor-intensive, and require highly skilled technicians. In many cases the demonstrated success rates of these approaches have been unusually disappointing, in terms of the time required to achieve suppression of active termites. Such failures are often linked to poor training, neglect, and user-unfriendly methods and devices. 
     Human Factors 
     The performance of labor-intensive, repetitive operations varies based on the nature of their accompanying psychological and physiological rewards and detractors. Positive rewards lead to improvements in performance. Negative detractors lead to performance degradation. 
     Even in areas actively foraged by subterranean termites, only a small fraction of prior art termite detectors become infested. Despite this, inspections of these devices must be performed carefully and consistently. Inspection of prior art detectors requires intellectual attention to detail and physical articulation of major joints of the human musculoskeletal system. 
     Nearly 1 in 7 Americans is afflicted with arthritis, making this disease the number one cause of mobility limitation in the United States. Others are afflicted with forms of temporary or chronic mobility dysfunctions. Still others suffer from temporary or chronic attention deficits. Such persons are often employed in the Pest Control industry, including the field of termite inspection and control. Prior art termite detectors may prevent many of these persons from performing routine inspections of these devices at all. For others, they make it difficult or impossible to consistently inspect them with an appropriate attention to detail. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention achieves technical advantages by taking advantage of certain instinctive behaviors of subterranean termites, and of simple visual faculties of human observers with a family of devices able to detect, measure, collect, track, and suppress subterranean termites according to the present invention. The inspection process for each member of this family requires few inspection skills and minimal articulation of the joints. The inspector passes over a defined inspection circuit and shines a flashlight into the signal ports of devices of the present invention. If a distinctive reflection is observed, the device is inactive; if not, termites have sealed it. 
     By placing these devices around a structure, as well as in proximity to other sources of cellulose in the vicinity, it becomes possible to not only discover the fact of termite activity, but to measure its intensity and track its movements as well. The interval of time that passes between initial placement of the devices and their sealing by termites is a measure of the vigor and population of the termites that are foraging at that location. The number of devices that become infested within a given distance of one another measures dispersion of that termite population. 
     Once devices of the present invention fitted to serve as detectors are found to contain active termites, they are left in place to serve as concentrators for termite activity. This assures a constancy of termite activity in that area. These devices are then supplemented with a device of the present invention that is fitted to serve as a toxicant dispenser. The latter device is placed proximate to the reporting detector. The toxicant dispenser is inspected in the same manner as the detector. However, the absence of a distinctive reflection from the toxicant dispenser informs the inspector that the toxicant has been depleted and requires additional supplementation. The inspector then places a fresh toxicant dispenser next to the depleted device. 
     This sequence continues until termites cease depleting the toxicant dispensers. This occurs when the termites have been successfully suppressed. At that time a fresh device fitted to serve as a termite detector is installed, bringing the detection-suppression process through a complete cycle. 
     Under certain circumstances it is desirable to inoculate foraging termites with a tracking material that can be detected when the termites are collected at another location. A device of the present invention is fitted with food material impregnated with the tracking material and is placed at a desired location within an active termite foraging zone. A second device of the instant invention fitted to serve as a collector is placed at a desired location in another active termite foraging zone. After the termites have depleted the tracking material they seal the signal port of the device, alerting the inspector that the tracking material is consumed. The collector at the other location is then removed from the ground and termites within it are withdrawn for analysis to determine if any of the tracking material from the first device is present in their bodies or in the fecal material they have deposited in the collector. If the tracking material is found, it can be inferred that the same termite colony is involved in both foraging areas. If not, two termite colonies are likely involved. 
     Areas that have achieved successful termite suppression are monitored continuously into the future. This insures prompt discovery of a rebound in termite activity, either as the result of resurgence of the suppressed colony or the introduction of a new one. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Note that although these drawings show a specific number of features such as signal ports and other ports, lateral passageways, vertical cavities, vestibules, inoculation reservoirs, and the like, both the number of such features as well as their exact placement may easily be varied while remaining faithful to the essential design of the invention. 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a device of the present invention with a plurality of signal ports and a plurality of lateral ingress/egress ports in communication with the signal ports via a plurality of lateral passageways; 
     FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a device of the present invention with a singular signal port, a plurality of lateral ingress/egress ports in communication with the signal port via a plurality of lateral and oblique passageways, and having an external coating of corrosion-resistant termite impregnable material; 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a device of the present invention with a singular signal port, a plurality of lateral ingress/egress ports in communication with the signal port via a plurality of lateral passageways, having an external corrosion-resistant termite impregnable coating, a central vertical cavity of large upper diameter and narrow lower diameter, the latter penetrating the ventral surface to form a drain port, a reflective disk positioned at the junction between the two sections of the vertical cavity, a screen covering the signal port, and an adjustable insulating collar annularly attached to the detector&#39;s shaft; 
     FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the device of FIG. 3, with a screen covering the ventral drain port, vestibules in the proximal ends of each lateral passageway, cellulose plugs inserted into the aforesaid vestibules, and a plurality of optional inoculation cavities parallel with the central vertical cavities; 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the device of FIG. 4, absent the lateral passageways communicating with the central vertical cavities, but having a plurality of lateral toxicant passageways in communication with a plurality of inoculation cavities, with vestibules in the proximal ends of each toxicant passageway, and cellulose plugs inserted into the aforesaid vestibules; 
     FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a device of the present invention having all the elements of FIG. 5, and including one set of upper lateral passageways in communication with one set of lateral toxicant passageways and the upper vertical cavity, and one set of lower lateral passageways in communication with one set of lateral toxicant passageways and the lower vertical cavity, and having a removable ventral plate; 
     FIG. 7 is a plan view of a hypothetical residential plot containing a residential structure, a wood privacy fence, a detached shed, a wood pile, and several trees, around which devices of the present invention have been placed in accordance with instructions provided herein for a measured monitoring program; and 
     FIG. 8 is a plan view of a selected portion of the hypothetical residential plot of FIG. 7, in which several of the aforementioned devices have detected the presence of termites, showing the positioning of additional devices of the present invention in accordance with instructions provided herein for response to the detection of termite activity at a site previously provided with a measured monitoring program. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a device shown at  10  comprised of food material  12  such as wood. Food material  12  may or may not be impregnated with one or more materials that mark and/or poison termites feeding thereon. Food material  12  has a plurality of lateral ingress/egress ports  14  into lateral passageways  16 . A plurality of upper signal ports  18  communicate with ingress/egress ports  14  via vertical cavities  20  and lateral passageways  16 . 
     Device  10  has a tapered lower tip  24  adapted to be inserted into the soil. After insertion, most or all of lateral ingress/egress ports  14  are submerged beneath the surface of the soil. Furthermore, dorsal surface  22  is positioned slightly above the surface of the soil such that signal ports  18  are visible to a human observer passing by the detector. 
     A discernible contrast exists between dorsal surface  22  and the vertical cavities  20  below the open signal port  18 . This contrast permits a human observer to ascertain whether signal ports  18  are sealed. The diameter of signal ports  18  allows visual inspection of device  10  from a standing or seated position in the process of a brisk circuit around the monitored perimeter. 
     When device  10  is inserted into soil containing subterranean termites, one or more said termites will contact it. When a termite explores ingress/egress port  14  it will often proceed into passageway  16  because the latter&#39;s architecture and dimensions resemble structures termites construct in wooden objects they feed upon. 
     On entering lateral passageway  16  the termite is led to the nearest interconnecting vertical cavity  20  and subsequently discovers the plurality of lateral passageways  16  and signal port  18 . The open signal port  18  exposes the termite to predation and moisture loss, stimulating an instinctive behavior resulting in construction of a seal over the exposed aperture. 
     The sealed signal port  18  conveys a markedly different visual impression than an open signal port  18  to a human observer passing near device  10 . When an inspector recognizes that one or several signal ports  18  in device  10  is sealed, the location of the device is recorded and the inspection circuit resumes. 
     If food material  12  is impregnated with a toxicant, device  10  serves both as a detector and toxicant dispenser. If food material  12  is impregnated with a marker, such as a dye, device  10  further serves as a termite-tracking device. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of a device of the present invention shown at  30 . This differs from  10  in that it has a singular signal port  32 . Further, it has a plurality of lateral ingress/egress ports  33  and  34 , comprises of food material  44  which may or may not be impregnated with a toxicant and/or marker, and is coated with a hard corrosion resistant termite impregnable coating  36 . Ingress/egress ports  33  and  34  provide access to a plurality of laterally extending passageways  38 . These connect to vertical cavity  40  and signal port  32  dorsally, as well as lower extremity  46  ventrally. Lower extremity  46  may terminate within food material  44  or may penetrate the ventral surface of the detector exterior coating  36 . 
     Optional oblique passageways  39  extend from ingress/egress ports  33  to the upper portion of vertical cavity  40 . This feature may encourage certain termite species to seal signal port  32  at the dorsal surface of the detector. Although this element is not shown in FIGS. 3,  4 ,  5  or  6 , it is an optional feature of each of the devices described therein. 
     The singularity of signal port  32  may simplify the inspection of  30 . Increasing the number of ingress/egress ports  33  and  34  potentially reduces the time required for foraging termites, exploring the exterior surfaces of device  30 , to find and enter an ingress/egress port  33  or  34 . Coating  36  is light in color, or dark in color, as appropriate to insure a contrast with its normally lighter or darker surroundings, and further simplifying the inspection. Signal port  32 , typically but not necessarily placed in the middle of the dorsal surface  42  of  30 , contrasts sharply with the color of coated surface  36 . 
     Coating  36  covers all external surfaces of  30 , preventing feeding on those surfaces. Termites must enter  30  via one of the ingress/egress ports  33  or  34  in order to feed on food material  44 , thus facilitating detection. Coating  36  also extends the life of  30  by preventing fungi and mildew from attacking food material  44  at its external surfaces. 
     FIG. 3 illustrates a further embodiment of a device of the present invention shown at  300 . It differs from  30  in that it has a multi-diameter vertical cavity comprising two parts, an upper portion  312  having a greater diameter, and a lower portion  314  having a smaller diameter. This embodiment incorporates interior reflective disk  322 , exterior collar  330 , and dorsal screen  339 . 
     Device  300  has a singular signal port  308 , a plurality of lateral passageway ports  304 , giving access to upper lateral passageway  306  and lower lateral passageway  307 , comprises of food material  344  that may or may not be impregnated with a toxicant and/or marker, and is coated with a corrosion resistant termite impregnable coating  302 . 
     Reflective disk  322  has a reflective upper surface, such as being mirrored, chromed, or comprised of other reflective material. By directing a flashlight or some other source of light into signal port  308  and thence into vertical cavity  312  the inspector immediately ascertains whether signal port  308  has been sealed, on the basis of observing or failing to observe a reflection from reflective disk  322 . 
     Dorsal screen  339  covers signal port  308 , being glued to the dorsal surface of the detector  300  and effectively preventing the introduction of unwanted debris and/or undesirable organisms into vertical passageway  312 . Dorsal screen  339  efficiently excludes the introduction of undesirable organisms and/or objects, yet permits light and a conspicuous exchange of gases and moisture. 
     The junction between vertical passageway  312  and vertical passageway  314  produces an annular support surface or ledge  320  on which reflective disk  322  rests. Aperture  324  in the center of reflective disk  322  permits termites to move freely from one vertical cavity to the other and allows effluent to pass. Lower vertical cavity  314  penetrates the ventral surface of  300  at its distal extremity, producing ventral aperture  333 . 
     Annular collar  330  is frictionally attached and its position along the length of shaft  336  is adjustable. Collar  330  increases the size of the visible dorsal surface area of  300 , making it more easily seen by an inspector and reducing the likelihood that vegetation will envelope and obscure it between inspections. By constructing the collar  330  of an insulating material such as polyolefin foam, collar  330  dramatically reduces diurnal and seasonal variations in temperature in the soil immediately adjacent to  300 . This moderating effect makes the soil more hospitable to foraging termites and speeds up the detection process. 
     By pressing central aperture  334  of collar  330  onto the shaft  336  of  300 , surfaces  335  of collar  330  will immediately exert a constant and persistent pressure against said shaft. This assures said collar will remain affixed to shaft  336  despite the action of naturally occurring phenomena such as wind, rain and water flow, snow, ice, and any natural movement of the soil associated with such phenomena. Additionally, this pressure will also prevent removal of collar  330  by other phenomena such as the suction produced by a lawnmower passing over  300 . 
     Collar  330  allows shaft  336  to be inserted into soil before the collar is affixed. This facilitates an intimate mating of the surfaces of  300  with surrounding soil, conducive to the foraging of termites, even in the presence of an uncooperative native soil. 
     FIG. 4 illustrates a further embodiment of a device of the present invention shown at  400 . It differs from  300  in that the proximal ends of each lateral passageway  406  and  407  are fitted with vestibule  409  containing cellulose plug  410 . Additionally, food material  444  is fitted with a plurality of optional inoculation reservoirs  450 . 
     Vestibule  409  widens the proximal end of lateral passageways  406  and  407  to allow a plurality of termites to enter vestibule port  404  simultaneously. Cellulose plug  410  is comprised of a processed cellulose disk pressed into the form of a bucket that lines vestibule  409  to exclude non-xylophagous organisms from entering lateral passageway port  405 . 
     Food material  444  may or may not be impregnated with a toxin and/or marker. Optional inoculation reservoir  450 , if present, may comprise cavities or may be filled with a material  442  separate and distinct from food  444 , and said material  442  may or may not be impregnated with a toxin and/or marker. The arrangement of inoculation reservoir  450  in  400  is such that termites only gain access to it by consuming food material  444  and thus excavating a new passageway into each inoculation reservoir  450 . 
     FIG. 5 illustrates a further embodiment of a device of the present invention shown at  500 . It differs from  400  in the absence of a lateral passageway connecting vertical cavities  512  and  514  with exterior surface  536 , and the addition of a plurality of lateral passageways  506  and vestibules  509  communicating between exterior surface  536  and a plurality of inoculation reservoirs  550 . 
     Vestibule  509  widens the proximal end of lateral passageway  506 , as in  400 , and is fitted with cellulose plug  510  to exclude non-xylophagous organisms from entering lateral passageway port  505 . This arrangement is such that termites gain access to inoculation reservoir  550  first. Inoculation reservoirs  550  are conjoined by intermediate lateral passageways  507 , so that once the food material  542  of one reservoir  550  is depleted the termites will immediately enter another reservoir  550  to consume food material  542  therein until all such food material  542  in  500  has been depleted. If food material  542  is more easily masticated than that of food material  544 , and equally or more attractive to termites for food, food material  542  will be entirely consumed before the termites commence to consume food material  544 . After termites begin consuming food material  544 , they finally gain access to vertical cavities  512  and  514  and seal signal port  508 . An inspector unable to illuminate reflective disk  522  is thereby informed that the toxin and/or marker contents of inoculation reservoirs  550  has been depleted and a fresh device  500  fitted to serve as a toxicant dispenser and/or marker should be placed proximate to it. 
     FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a device of the present invention at  600 . It has all the elements of FIG.  5 . Additionally, it includes one set of upper lateral passageways  656  that communicate between the collection passageways  607  and the upper vertical cavity  612 , and one set of lower lateral passageways  605  that communicate between collection passageways  607  and lower vertical cavity  614 . A removable ventral plate  646  allows an inspector to expose collection chambers  642 , which are contained within food material  644  but are not filled with additional food material and therefore will serve to aggregate termites in relatively large numbers. Once these chambers are exposed, the termites congregating therein may be removed for analysis by, for example, tapping against a hard surface. 
     FIG. 7 illustrates a hypothetical suburban homestead  200 , comprising a single family residential structure  202  with shed  206 , woodpile  208 , wooden privacy fence  204 , and a plurality of trees  210 . A plurality of devices  211  of the present invention fitted to serve as termite detectors and preferably following the design of FIG. 4 shown at  400  are placed at specific intervals along the perimeter of each of the above structures to form a monitored perimeter that may be inspected by passing along inspection circuit  212 . The beginning of inspection circuit  212  is arbitrarily selected to be at  236 , thence following a pathway that takes the inspector past all devices  211 , and finally terminating at  238 . 
     The arrangement depicted in  200  is intended to provide measured monitoring of the homestead. By placing devices  211  around all elements that are at risk of termite infestation, and using a relatively close placement interval  235 , preferably in the range of 5 ft. in length, the ensuing inspection process is enabled to collect information bearing on vigor, population size, and dispersion of the termites foraging in the soil at the homestead, including determining the number and foraging zones of separate and distinct termite colonies that are foraging in this soil. 
     FIG. 8 is a plan view of a selected portion of the homestead depicted in FIG.  7 . Four devices  252 , initially installed as devices  211  fitted to serve as detectors, have become infested with termites. The time between installation and infestation has been recorded for each device, to correlate with other information as an indication of the vigor and size of the infesting termite colony. 
     Next to each device  252  has been placed a device  254  fitted to serve as a toxicant dispenser, preferably following the design of FIG. 5 shown at  500 . The device  252  will remain in place to serve as an aggregation point for termite activity, assuring active termite foragers in its vicinity and speeding infestation of the newly placed device  254 . This device  254  will be inspected regularly to determine its status. When the toxicant in a given device  254  has been substantially depleted, termites will enter its vertical cavity and seal the signal port, alerting the inspector to supplement it with an additional device  254 . 
     If the device  254  is consistently depleted on each inspection, a large and/or vigorous termite colony is indicated. In such a case, it is advisable to shorten the inspection interval, and/or increase the number of device  254  placements made on each inspection visit. This process is continued until the termites are suppressed, at which time they will fail to seal the signal port of device  254 . When this occurs, device  254  is left in place to serve as a detection device for the next three months. If, after that period has elapsed, its signal port remains unsealed, a fresh device  211  fitted to serve as a detector is placed next to it. All devices  252  and  254  with sealed signal ports are left in the ground to serve as aggregation points for termites. They are removed and discarded only when their internal structure collapses due to termite activity of damage by fungi. 
     Additionally, next to the device  254  that is proximate the bath trap  224  has been placed a device  256 , fitted with a tracking material, such as cellulose impregnated with Sudan Red 7B dye, and preferably following the design of FIG. 5 shown at  500 . Once consumed, this material remains in the gut of the termite for some time, and can be observed by the naked eye during examinations of live termite specimens. Other tracking materials may also be suitable for this purpose. In the example shown in FIG. 8, it is desired to determine if the termites foraging in the soil where device  256  has been placed are from the same colony foraging at the fence line in the upper right portion of the figure. 
     In order to answer this question, a device  258  fitted to serve as a collector and preferably following the design of FIG. 6 at  600  is placed next to the device  254  at the fence line at the same time the device  256  is placed proximal to the bath trap  224 . When termites have substantially depleted the tracking material in device  256 , they enter its vertical cavity and seal the signal port, alerting the inspector to obtain live specimen termites from the remotely located device  258 . The device  258  is removed from the soil and the termites within it are removed and placed in a specimen container for analysis. 
     If at least one of these termites is found to be stained with red dye, it may safely be inferred that the termites infesting both locations are members of the same termite colony. If a reasonable number of termite specimens, say 100 or more, has been collected, and none of these termites is so stained, it may be inferred that two separate and distinct termite colonies are involved. The existence of two colonies means that toxicants must be administered separately to both of them. Otherwise, the untreated colony may take over the territory of the treated colony and cause an immediate resurgence of termite activity at that location shortly after the treated colony has been successfully suppressed. 
     FIELD VALIDATION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 
     The present invention is the culmination of research spanning a number of years. Shortly after the cyclodienes were banned the inventor initiated what eventually became an intensive survey of scientific tracts on termite biology. This survey was supplemented with field observations at over 60 sites throughout the state of Texas. Live termite specimens were collected at these sites and removed to the inventor&#39;s laboratory for further study. In the process, over 75 live cultures of subterranean termites, representing five different termite species, were assembled in separate, sealed containers. This research was educational, but did not immediately focus on specific treatment strategies. 
     When the first termite baits became available, the inventor began to seek new ways to determine where termites were foraging in the soil around structures. Within two years, over 7,000 wooden survey stakes were placed at sites in Texas in an attempt to map termite foraging patterns. This project became very time consuming due to inefficiencies inherent to the method in use. In order to speed inspections, various stratagems and designs were tested to find a way to perform non-invasive examinations of the survey stakes. One approach that showed promise involved drilling a visible vertical hole, communicating with a submerged horizontal hole, in each stake. Termites entering the horizontal hole would seal the vertical hole with soil detritus, signaling their presence in the exposed top of the stake. 
     Certain termite colonies were observed to linger on the exterior of the stake before entering the horizontal hole. This suggested the stake should be coated to prevent exterior feeding. After researching and field testing a number of candidates, a durable material resistant to corrosion and non-repellant to termites was selected. Stakes placed in the field coated with this material exceeded expectations and exhibited unexpected benefits. The coating made the stake easier to inspect and protected the wood of the stake, extending its life. 
     Continued experimentation with various shapes and designs eventually produced the family of devices described in the present application. Testing of these designs continues at sites in Texas, Louisiana, and Florida, and involves as a minimum the five distinct species of termites  Coptotermes formosanus, Reticulitermes flavipes, R. hageni, R. virginicus,  and  R. tibialis.  This testing is being conducted by the inventor as well as by independent firms and research groups who have entered into confidentiality agreements with the inventor. 
     For example, Texas A&amp;M University, at College Station, Tex., has been testing 20 prototypes of FIG. 3, absent dorsal screen  339 , since Nov. 1, 1999. These devices were placed in two test sites along with equal numbers of (1) a commercially available in-ground termite detector and (2) a wooden termite collector that has been used by Texas A&amp;M University for a number of years to conduct field research. Data supplied by Texas A&amp;M University to the inventor on Feb. 12, 2000 show that, after approximately 15 weeks of testing, 25% of the devices of the present invention had confirmed infestations by subterranean termites as of Feb. 11, 2000, and, on each inspection event, an average of 11.5% of these devices had been found to report termite activity. 
     None of the devices of the two other designs presently shows signs of active termites, despite the fact that they are all placed proximate to one another and their placement occurred on the same date. The Texas A&amp;M collector has never shown active termites, while the commercial detector reported active termites only twice, or less than 1% of the time over the life of test. 
     Additional testing is planned for the current year at sites in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, Arizona and California.