Abstract:
A goods tracking method and system for tracking goods loaded on or in a carrier is disclosed. The carrier and/or goods have an RFID tag. A data writing device and a data reading device are used. The writing device is arranged to obtain information on the goods and write corresponding data to the carrier&#39;s or goods&#39; RFID tag. The reading device is arranged to read data from the RFID tag of the carrier and/or goods being submitted for fulfilment of an order and to determine acceptance of the goods on or in the carrier in dependence on the data meeting requirements of the order.

Description:
Under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a), this application claims the benefit of British Application No. 0328429.6, filed Dec. 8, 2003, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
   FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a system and method for tracking goods. 
   Many suppliers providing goods to retailers, particularly perishable pre-prepared or raw foodstuffs, have moved from providing loaded pallets to using dollys. A dolly is typically a wheeled platform onto which layers of Tray/Case/Outers containing the goods can be placed. In this manner, the Dolly/Pallet can be wheeled directly out into the retailer&#39;s store and the goods unloaded onto shelves. 
   Currently goods/products are stored in containers such as Tray/Case/Outers. The products and containers have bar codes: the product bar code normally contains only the product ID, while the container contains Product UPC/EPC/SKU, Supplier Code and Display Until Date. 
   One particular issue with any supplier-retailer chain is tracking orders and ensuring that the correct goods are delivered to the correct destination (destination being a consolidation point, distribution depot or retail store). Particularly now that regulations and consumers require fresh produce, it is particularly important that the product is delivered well within its sell-by date &amp; with the correct sell by date displayed. Furthermore, many retailers now have agreements with suppliers that the supplier labels and prices goods at source. If incorrectly labelled or priced goods are received, retailers often reject the goods and charge the supplier. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a goods tracking system for tracking goods loaded on or in a carrier, the carrier and/or goods having an RFID tag, the system comprising a data writing device and a data reading device, the writing device being arranged to obtain information on the goods and write corresponding data to the carrier&#39;s or goods&#39; RFID tag and the reading device being arranged to read data from the RFID tag of the carrier and/or goods being submitted for fulfilment of an order and to determine acceptance of the goods on or in the carrier in dependence on the data meeting requirements of the order. 
   Preferably, the system maintains and is used to control all despatches using RFID technology. By control of dispatches using an embodiments of the present invention, despatch/shipping errors should be reduced or removed. Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented to control a whole supply chain to improve despatch at suppliers and receipt at destination to deliver. 
   The present invention is particularly applicable to systems using RFID reading/writing equipment, but could equally be transferable into the Barcode arena of Data Capture applications. In a preferred embodiment, half multiscanner or mobile multiscanner devices are used. Although RFID technologies are preferred, other writeable or rewriteable memory devices could also be used. In addition, although a mix of barcodes and RFID tags are discussed, systems using purely RFID tags or purely barcodes or other mixes could also be contemplated. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
     Examples of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram illustrating aspects of a reading device for use in an embodiment according to the present invention; and, 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram illustrating aspects of a reading device for use in an embodiment according to the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   The system  10  includes a writing device  20  and a reading device  30 . Preferably the reading and writing devices are multiscanners. Although only one reading and one writing device is illustrated, multiple reading &amp; writing devices may be utilised either separately or in a networked/connected manner to allow multiple simultaneous writing &amp; despatching against shared orders for multiple destinations. 
   Goods are loaded onto a Tray/Case/Outer  40  that are then stacked onto a Dolly/Pallet  50  having an RFID tag or similar rewritable memory device  51 . Each goods item  45  has a product description/pricing barcode  46  and optionally a life date (display until date) on its packaging. Each tray  40  includes a barcode or RFID tag  41  describing the goods in the tray. 
   When the completed Dolly/Pallet stack is presented to the writing device  20 , the user is prompted via a screen  21  to scan the barcode on the packaging of the goods in the tray using a scanner  22  and enter the date life, as printed on the package via a touch-screen interface  23 . Once this is complete, the operative is asked to scan the tray end label/tag to ensure that the product &amp; label match. 
   The writing device  20  is arranged to check that the product barcode matches the tray end barcode and displays an error message if this is not so. Additional checks are preferably made to ensure that the product is being dispatched has the correct Display Until Date by use of the Current Date and Lifespan (from a product database  60 ). 
   The writing device  20  preferably includes a networked computer system  25  that cross checks the Product Code (as defined by a standard such as UPC/EPC/SKU) from the barcode of each goods item with the product database  60  to ensure the product is correctly labelled. 
   In a preferred embodiment, the networked computer system also checks the price of the goods on the package to ensure that the package contains the correct price information. This could be done by adding price information to the product database  60  linked to the UPC/EPC/SKU. In this manner, the system can verify that the price is correct prior to entering store. This avoids RTM (Return to Manufacturer) issues. RTM&#39;s are a big issue for suppliers because if the packaging is incorrect or if the product is not fit to merchandise ‘in-store’, retailers reject the product and the supplier has to pay to pick up the product, loses the load payment and receives a loss of profit charge from the retailer. 
   The writing device  20  then asks for the despatch date, usually today/tomorrow/or the day after to ensure the date life on the tray end label is in tolerance and to ensure that on despatch the tray is sent on the correct delivery wave. 
   Only once these criteria have been satisfied will the writing device  20  write the required RFID tag  51  labelling the Dolly/Pallet. The RFID tag  51  labelling the Dolly/Pallet includes the UPC/EPC/SKU of the goods, date life and series number (an Individual Supplier Code). 
   In this manner, the system ensures that the correct product is in the correct tray, labelled correctly and to the correct date life and advertising the right price. 
   At the reading device  30 , tags within Dolly/Pallets are read as they are despatched. The data from the tags is recorded to prove what is being sent and to whom. The reading device  30  collects the UPC/EPC/SKU, Date Life and series number from the Tag and verifies this data against the retailer&#39;s order for that day. 
     FIGS. 2 and 3  are, respectively, schematic diagrams illustrating aspects of a reading device and a writing device for use in an embodiment according to the present invention. 
   The dispatch process is as follows: 
   Once goods have been picked and a Dolly/Pallet stack containing the goods is awaiting despatch, an operative moves the Dolly/Pallet to the reading device for scanning out. Before he is allowed to do this, a screen on the device will ask the operative to select the destination of the Dolly/Pallet stack. He selects the relevant destination (destination being a consolidation point, distribution depot or retail store) and in dependence on the selection, the reading device seeks a file situated on the network that holds the destination&#39;s orders for the day. This may be split into an AM or PM delivery wave, and would normally be supplied by the retailer&#39;s network. However, the data could equally be supplied by any database system as all that is required is a small file containing Destination, Date, UPC/EPC/SKU, Wave and volume figures. The reading device looks for the latest ‘timed’ file (as orders can be updated or changed by retailer during the morning) and uploads the data, if necessary according to wave AM or PM in which case the relevant files are prefixed by ‘a’ or ‘p’. 
   As they are scanned, the individual UPC/EPC/SKUs from the tags are then deducted from the order quantity until the order status is zero, now the order is fulfilled for this destination and this process continues until every destination is complete. In this manner, the system ensures the correct volume of goods being delivered to the correct destination, even if the order has been updated. 
   The operative can then selects the wave (AM/PM) to ensure that the date is correct and the reading device reads the data off the tag and uploads the new volume figures. This ensures the tolerance date life is appropriate and the goods are despatched on right day, so Sunday&#39;s delivery is sent PM Saturday and not AM Friday for example. 
   Once an order for a destination is complete, the reading device provides the despatch office  70  with a copy of the vehicle manifest  75  and delivery note  76  ready for the driver. Preferably, the data is provided via email or some other electronic alert or report. The data is in a form that can be produced as a paper document to satisfy legacy systems and authorities should it be needed. This expedites despatch as the gatehouse receives the manifest of the vehicle to prepare the destination of the delivery before the lorry even leaves the site. This provides a rapid information flow as there is a reduced paper trail. It also provides a failsafe mechanism to ensure orders are 100% complete; the supplier now cannot deliver a short or an over order to a destination. 
   Reporting facilities are available on screen for pickers to track their progress. For example, after a break they can go to the reading device and call up orders remaining to complete. This removes human error, such as poor concentration and distractions, and means picking sheets, which are manually completed and usually out of date, are not needed. 
   In a preferred embodiment, the RFID tag of a Dolly/Pallet also includes data on a trail to the destination and the date at which the Dolly/Pallet went into further destinations. 
   The system preferably provides a supervisor mode to allow redistribution of stock. For example, one supplier may have made too few products to fulfil an order. In this case it is preferable to redistribute goods with the appropriate UPC/EPC/SKU across the destinations giving them all a slight shortage instead of one destination having a substantial short. Using the supervisor mode, a multiscanner device can instruct the network to redistribute the stock and the pick quantity is reduced across the destination network. 
   It is also possible using supervisor mode to add an additional product that is not contained in the order. For example, a supplier may have to redistribute stock for the reasons above. In this situation, the retailer may call the supplier and ask if they can supply the shortfall. Since the order does not appear on the multiscanner device, an ‘add local’ option can be invoked at the destination which enables the supplier to deliver UPC/EPC/SKU&#39;s outside of the destinations requested order. 
   All of a day&#39;s transactions are recorded on a local or centrally served database for reporting purposes. This data can be used to ensure that if their ever is a discrepancy on delivery volume against an order the supplier can quickly call up that day&#39;s delivery and provide definitive proof that an order was fulfilled or not, as the case my be. This removes the time consuming searching through historical paperwork to address an inconsistency. 
   
     
       
             
             
             
           
             
           
             
             
             
           
             
           
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
             
             
               Area 
               Reason 
               Benefit 
             
             
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
             
           
        
         
             
               Writing Multiscanner device 
             
           
        
         
             
               Checking “Display 
               Ensures that the pack 
               Avoids fines for 
             
             
               until” date on pack 
               has the correct printed 
               incorrect product 
             
             
                 
               dispatch date 
             
             
               Comparison of 
               Ensures that the product 
               Avoids fines for 
             
             
               product label and 
               is in the correct tray 
               incorrect product 
             
             
               tray end barcode 
             
             
               Checking dispatch 
               Ensures that the product 
               Avoids fines for 
             
             
               day against “display 
               has the correct dispatch 
               incorrect product display 
             
             
               until” date on the 
               day 
               until date 
             
             
               label and the 
             
             
               date life 
             
             
               Checking the 
               Ensures the correct 
               Avoids unaccounted for 
             
             
               number of tags in a 
               number of Tray/Case/ 
               stock 
             
             
               stack against the 
               Outers are passed into 
             
             
               number entered on 
               cold store/Storage 
             
             
               screen 
             
             
               Communication 
               Gets product names 
               Allows the system to 
             
             
               with product 
               and shelf life&#39;s 
               check dispatch date and 
             
             
               database 
                 
               display name of product 
             
           
        
         
             
               Reading Multiscanner device 
             
           
        
         
             
               Checking tray count 
               Checking for good RFID 
               Avoids bad tags on 
             
             
                 
               tags and that the correct 
               dispatched stock and 
             
             
                 
               number of Tray/Case/ 
               ensures the system has 
             
             
                 
               Outers is entered into 
               the correct quantity of 
             
             
                 
               the system 
               dispatched stock 
             
             
               Repeat Tray/Case/ 
               Checks that Tray/Case/ 
               Prevents the same Tray/ 
             
             
               Outers checking 
               Outers can only be 
               Case/Outers from 
             
             
                 
               processed once during 
               being processed a 
             
             
                 
               each 24 hour period 
               number of times and 
             
             
                 
                 
               therefore avoids fines 
             
             
                 
                 
               for incorrect quantity of 
             
             
                 
                 
               product 
             
             
               Destination and 
               Allows the refining of 
               Avoids fines for 
             
             
               wave selection 
               products into the correct 
               incorrect quantity of 
             
             
                 
               number for individual 
               product 
             
             
                 
               destinations 
             
             
               On screen report 
               Displays details of 
               Allows packers select 
             
             
                 
               outstanding products 
               the outstanding product 
             
             
                 
               after each tray has been 
             
             
                 
               accepted 
             
             
               Addition of 
               Allows local entry of 
               Allows the system to 
             
             
               local product 
               products with UPC/ 
               operate off line and 
             
             
                 
               EPC/SKU code and 
               process products that 
             
             
                 
               name 
               are not yet in the 
             
             
                 
                 
               database/order system 
             
             
                 
                 
               etc 
             
             
               Network Link 
               Get order information 
               Allows the system to 
             
             
                 
               and updates to orders 
               process the correct 
             
             
                 
                 
               number of Tray/Case/ 
             
             
                 
                 
               Outers for a particular 
             
             
                 
                 
               destination 
             
             
               Destination 
               Allows all products for a 
               Allows an order to be 
             
             
               Complete 
               particular destination to 
               dispatched immediately 
             
             
                 
               be marked as complete 
             
             
               Destination 
               Displays the outstanding 
               Shows what will happen 
             
             
               Complete 
               products and quantities 
               to stock levels if this 
             
             
               outstanding 
               that will be marked as 
               action continues 
             
             
               orders report 
               complete 
             
             
               Redistribute 
               Allows movement of 
               Allows orders to be 
             
             
                 
               products between 
               completed for given 
             
             
                 
               destinations as priorities 
               destination from already 
             
             
                 
               dictate 
               packed stock. 
             
             
               Checking of 
               Any destination 
               Avoids fines for 
             
             
               Database/Order 
               transaction needs to 
               incorrect product 
             
             
               system for updates 
               have the latest product 
             
             
                 
               quantities 
             
             
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   In a preferred embodiment, the management functionality of the system can be enhanced to display the status of an order before asking for confirmation of and enacting the request. 
   This allows an order to be shipped even if incomplete. This is accomplished by selecting a Destination, Wave and Date. In this manner, the status displayed will be either
         Complete   Incomplete, and the outstanding quantities required
 
Example of Incomplete Destination
       

   
     
       
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Product 
                 
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Description 
               Picked 
               Order 
               Variance 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Granny Smith 
               1 
               60 
               59 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   To avoid the same tags being used to “complete” different, or even the same order more than once, each tag identifier is saved to a database. If a tag is presented to the reading device more than once within a day then an error message will be displayed. Obviously the time period can be lengthened or shortened as is needed when configuring the system. 
   Where a product does not match the tray end barcode and the dispatch date does not match the tray end barcode dispatch date, an error message indicating both failures are displayed. 
   Where products are removed from an order, the quantity is not reduced in the next order file, even though the actual product line is missing. Since an update to the database is made from this file and no new quantity exists for the product, the quantity is set to zero. 
   In a preferred embodiment, the system is arranged to check that a product being dispatched is not only the product that matches the tray end label but is also the product with the correct date. Since the date in not encoded on the product bar code, a dialog is presented with the numbers 1 to 31. The operative can then enter a number from the dialog that represents the product display date. 
   This is used to check that the entered numbers matches the day number of the Display Until Date from the label. If this check fails the process will be halted and an error message displayed. 
   In a preferred embodiment, the process performed at the writing device is as follows: (this assumes the preferred case in which all products on a Dolly/Pallet are the same)
     Wheel up a Dolly/Pallet containing Tray/Case/Outers to the multiscanner device   Display shows ‘Scan Product’   Scan Product Barcode. ProductBarcode.   Display shows ‘Enter Dispatch Day’ and a entry box with date number entry appears.   The user selects a number   Screen shows ‘Scan Tray end Label’   Scan the Tray end label TrayEndLabelBarcode   Tray End Label Barcode separated into ProductUPC/EPC/SKU, SupplierCode and DisplayDate   Check that the entered Display Day matches the display day from the entered tray end label, Display the error message “Incorrect Date on product” if this check fails.   Ensure that ProductBarcode=UPC/EPC/SKU else display ‘Incorrect Tray End Label’   Link to product Database. Get product names and LifeSpan.   Show a new screen with Product Description and request Outload Day   User Selects Outload Day from touch screen. Days will be listed as ‘TODAY’ followed by each day in turn.   Ensure CurrentDate+ElapsedDays (CurrentDay, OutLoad Day)+LifeSpan=   Display Until Date   Enter tray Count and select between single or double Dolly/Pallet   Check the correct number of Tray/Case Outers are on the Dolly/Pallet   Program RFID Tags   

   For a double Dolly/Pallet, the system is arranged to display a prompt to position reverse of the Dolly/Pallet, and then proceeds substantially as above. 
   In another embodiment, the process performed at the writing device is as follows: (this assumes the preferred case in which all products on a Dolly/Pallet are the same)
     Wheel up a Dolly/Pallet containing Tray/Case/Outers to the multiscanner device   Change display screen To Show ‘Scan Product’   Scan Product Barcode. ProductBarcode.   Change display screen to show ‘Scan Tray end Label’   Scan the Tray end label TrayEndLabelBarcode   Tray End Label Barcode separated into ProductUPC/EPC/SKU, SupplierCode and DisplayDate   Ensure that ProductBarcode=UPC/EPC/SKU else display ‘Incorrect Tray End Label’   Link to Database. Get product names and LifeSpan.   Show a new screen with Product Description and request Outload Day   User Selects Outload Day from touch screen. Days will be listed as ‘TODAY’ followed by each day in turn.   Ensure CurrentDate+ElapsedDays(CurrentDay, OutLoad Day)+LifeSpan=   Display Until Date   Enter tray Count and select between single or double Dolly/Pallet   Check the correct number of Tray/Case/Outers are on the Dolly/Pallet Program Tags   For double Dolly/Pallet, display ‘Position reverse of Dolly/Pallet’, enter number of Tray/Case/Outers and program   

   At the reading device, dollies can have a mix of products. In a preferred embodiment, the process performed at the reading device is as follows:
     Check database for the latest order details.   Select destination button and select from the list on screen.   Select Either   Supervisor Menu accessible via a 3 digit pin code providing   Add functionality to add products that are not in database   Redistribute functionality, which would read product into a different destination. Select FROM destination, Select number of Tray/Case/Outers, Select TO destination. Select ‘Confirm’   Destination Complete (meaning the order has been manually completed)   Or proceed as normal (step ‘d’)   Scan the Dolly/Pallet and look up the product names from the order database data, The link being in the UPC/EPC/SKU code   Display the current screen until the correct number of Tray/Case/Outers is detected and then display the totals screen   Display the contents of the Dolly/Pallet (Product, Picked, Order, ‘On This Dolly/Pallet’) of Tray/Case/Outers   Excess Tray/Case/Outers would be flagged, “Remove Excess Tray of &lt;Description&gt; re-scan” as well as ‘Product &lt;Description&gt; order already complete. Please “remove tray(s) and scan again”   User selects “Confirmed” button and data is entered into the system.   Display now shows outstanding quantity of products on order for the selected destination or   When no further items are required the system should flash “destination order complete”   An email containing details of the report will be dispatched for all orders completed
 
Order Database
   Files from Order Database Preferably have the Format:
 
Filename:
       YYMMDD|Wave|Version.csv
 
Where:
   
       YYMMDD represents the date   Wave is either AM or PM   Version is an updated version number from 0 to 9 with 0 being the first version of the order   Example 030521A0.csv, being an AM order for 21/05/03 version 1
 
Contents:
   OrderNumber, Branch, UPC/EPC/SKU, ProductName, Quantity
 
Example
   1234, BAR, 12345678, ISRAELI APRICOTS 10×6 MS, 3 repeated for each destination.
 
Reports
   

   Various reports can be generated via a screen at the reading device. In addition, reports may be emailed at the point orders are complete. Reports may have a format:
     Destination #0637 Date: 23/4/2003 Wave: One   

   
     
       
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Product 
                 
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Description 
               Picked 
               Order 
               Variance 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Granny Smith 
               1 
               60 
               59 
             
             
                 
               Golden del 
               3 
               60 
               57 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
       
       Destination #0637 Date: 23/4/2003 Wave: One 
     
  
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Product 
                 
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Description 
               Picked 
               Order 
               Variance 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Granny Smith 
               1 
               60 
               59 
             
             
                 
               Golden del 
               3 
               60 
               57 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   Preferably, the reports have an HTML format, viewable in a Web browser such a Microsoft Internet Explorer (RTM). 
   Another report format available shows the status of orders following the selection of the following:
     Destination   Date   Wave   

   Example 
   
       
       Destination #0637 Date: 23/4/2003 Wave: One 
     
  
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Product 
                 
                 
                 
             
             
                 
               Description 
               To be picked 
               Order 
               Variance 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Granny Smith 
               1 
               60 
                 
             
             
                 
               Golden del 
               0 
               60