Abstract:
A light-emitting diode (LED) chip is disclosed. The chip includes a light-emitting diode and an electrode layer on the light-emitting diode. The electrode layer includes a reflective metal layer. The reflective metal layer includes a first composition and a second composition. The first composition includes aluminum or silver, and the second composition includes copper, silicon, tin, platinum, gold, palladium or a combination thereof. The weight percentage of the second composition is greater than 0% and less than 20%.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/325,215 filed on Jul. 7, 2014 and entitled “LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE CHIP”, which claims the priority of Taiwan Patent Application No. 103107843 filed on Mar. 7, 2014, and the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a light-emitting device, and more particularly to a light-emitting diode chip including a reflective metal layer. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Various light-emitting devices have advanced with development and advances in technology to satisfy consumers in the modern world. Among the various light-emitting devices, there has been a trend for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to gradually replace traditional illuminated devices (for example, fluorescent lamps and incandescent lights) due to advantages such as low heat generation, low power consumption, their long lifespan, and small size. 
         [0006]    Generally, an LED chip includes an LED and an electrode layer electrically coupled to the LED. The electrode layer may include a reflective metal layer, which reflects light emitted from the LED to the outside environment, such that the light efficiency of the LED chip can be further improved. 
         [0007]    Aluminum or silver is a common material for the reflective metal layer since it is highly reflective of visible light. Aluminum or silver, however, are prone to deterioration due to occurrence of electro-migration under high-current operation, which adversely impacts the light efficiency and the reliability of the LED chip. 
         [0008]    Therefore, there is a need for a novel reflective metal layer that is capable of mitigating electro-migration therein while maintaining the reflectivity thereof, thereby improving the overdrive performance of the LED chip. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    A detailed description is given in the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. A light-emitting diode chip is provided. 
         [0010]    An exemplary embodiment of light-emitting diode (LED) chip comprises an LED and an electrode layer on the LED. The electrode layer comprises a reflective metal layer. The reflective metal layer comprises a first composition and a second composition, wherein the first composition comprises aluminum (Al) or silver (Ag), and the second composition comprises copper (Cu), silicon (Si), tin (Sn), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), palladium (Pd) or a combination thereof. The weight percentage of the second composition is greater than 0% and less than 20%. 
         [0011]    An exemplary embodiment of LED chip comprises an LED and an electrode layer disposed on the LED. The electrode layer comprises a reflective metal layer and an adhesive layer that is between the LED and the reflective metal layer. The reflective metal layer comprises a first composition and a second composition, wherein the first composition comprises Al or Ag and the second composition comprises Cu, Si, Sn, Pt, Au, Pd or a combination thereof. The weight percentage of the second composition is greater than 0% and less than 20%. 
         [0012]    An exemplary embodiment of LED chip comprises an LED and a reflective metal layer disposed on the LED. The reflective metal layer comprises a first composition and a second composition, wherein the first composition comprises Al or Ag and the second composition comprises Cu, Si, Sn, Pt, Au, Pd or a combination thereof. The weight percentage of the second composition is greater than 0% and less than 20%. 
         [0013]    According to the embodiments of the invention, the grain size of the reflective metal layer can be reduced by adding a few second compositions therein, thereby increasing the reflectivity of the reflective metal layer and improving the light efficiency of the LED chip. Besides, it can be observed from the results of the high current aging test that electro-migration in the reflective metal layer occurs less, thus the overdrive performance of the LED chip can be improved. Furthermore, it is noted that the variation of the operating voltage of the LED chip with time is decreased, according to the embodiments of the invention. Namely, the reliability of the LED chip can be maintained during long-term operation, according to the embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]    The present invention can be more fully understood by reading the subsequent detailed description and examples with references made to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
           [0015]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of an LED chip according to an embodiment of the invention. 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of an LED chip according to another embodiment of the invention. 
           [0017]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of an electrode layer according to some embodiments of the invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 4  is an Al—Cu alloy phase diagram. 
           [0019]      FIG. 5  is a graph illustrating a comparison of the reflectivity of the reflective metal layer at various wavelengths with respect to different Cu content in the reflective metal layer, according to some embodiments of the invention. 
           [0020]      FIG. 6  is a graph illustrating a comparison of the resistivity of the reflective metal layer with respect to different Cu content in the reflective metal layer, according to some embodiments of the invention. 
           [0021]      FIG. 7  is a graph illustrating a comparison of the variation of the operating voltage of the LED chip with time with respect to different Cu content in the reflective metal layer, according to some embodiments of the invention. 
           [0022]      FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of a flip-chip LED chip according to an embodiment of the invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of a flip-chip LED chip according to an embodiment of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0024]    The following description is of the best-contemplated mode of implementing the invention. This description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and should not be taken in a limiting sense. The scope of the invention is best determined by reference to the appended claims. 
         [0025]    Please refer to  FIG. 1 , which illustrates a cross-sectional view of an LED chip  10  according to an embodiment of the invention. The LED chip  10  includes a substrate  100 , an LED  1000  composed of a first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101 , an active layer  102  and a second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  103 , an ohmic contact layer  107  and electrode layers  104  and  105  electrically coupled to the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101  and the ohmic contact layer  107 , respectively. In the embodiment, the LED chip  10  is a horizontal-type structure, in which the electrode layers  104  and  105  are provided on the same side of the LED chip  10 . 
         [0026]    In the embodiment, the substrate  100  comprises sapphire, SiC, Si or any known LED substrates, which may act as a growth substrate for forming the LED  1000 . 
         [0027]    In the embodiment, the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101  and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  103  comprise a III-V type semiconductor, such as GaN, AlGaN, InGaN, AlInGaN, GaP, GaAsP, GaInP, AlGaInP, AlGaAs or a combination thereof. The first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101  and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  103  may be formed by any suitable methods, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), molecular beam epitaxy, hydride vapor phase epitaxy or sputtering. In an embodiment, the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101  is a N-type semiconductor layer and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  103  is a P-type semiconductor layer. In another embodiment, the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101  is a P-type semiconductor layer and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  103  is a N-type semiconductor layer. 
         [0028]    In the embodiment, the active layer  102  comprises a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure composed of a stack of barrier layers and quantum well layers (not shown) in an alternating arrangement. For example, the active layer  102  may comprise a stack of alternating GaN/InGaN, in which GaN acts as a material for the barrier layer and InGaN act as a material for the quantum well layer, but it is not limited thereto. The active layer  102  may be formed by methods similar to those for forming the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101  and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  103 , and are not described again in detail herein. 
         [0029]    In the embodiment, the ohmic contact layer  107  may comprise indium tin oxide (ITO) or any suitable conducting materials, which may be formed by sputtering, evaporation or any suitable methods. The ohmic contact layer  107  is capable of reducing the energy barrier between the electrode layer  105  and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  103 , such that the electrode layer  105  is in ohmic contact with the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  103 . 
         [0030]    Please refer to  FIG. 2 , which illustrates a cross sectional view of an LED chip  20  according to another embodiment of the invention, wherein elements in  FIG. 2  that are the same as those in  FIG. 1  bear the same reference numbers. The LED chip  20  comprises an LED  1000  composed of a first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101 , an active layer  102  and a second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  103 , and electrode layers  104  and  105  electrically coupled to the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101  and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  103 , respectively. In the embodiment, the LED chip  20  is a vertical-type structure. The difference between the embodiment of  FIG. 2  and that of  FIG. 1  lies in that the electrode layers  104  and  105  of  FIG. 2  being respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the LED chip  20  rather than on the same side. 
         [0031]    Please referring to  FIG. 3 , which illustrates a cross sectional view of an electrode layer  104  according to some embodiments of the invention. It is appreciated that the electrode layer structure described below may apply to the electrode layer  105  or electrode layers for other types of the LED chips. In the embodiment, the electrode layer  104  comprises a first adhesive layer  200 , a reflective metal layer  201 , a second adhesive layer  202 , a diffusion barrier layer  203  and a bonding layer  204  stacked sequentially. 
         [0032]    In the embodiment, the first adhesive layer  200  comprises Cr, Ti, Pd, Pt, Ni, Au, Ag or a combination thereof, which may reduce the energy barrier between the electrode layer  104  and the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101 , such that the electrode layer  104  is in ohmic contact with the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101 . 
         [0033]    In the embodiment, the reflective metal layer  201  comprises a first composition. The first composition comprises the metal with high reflectivity with respect to the light having a specific wavelength (e.g., visible light), such that the light emitted to the electrode layer  104  can be reflected toward the outside environment and therefore the light efficiency of the LED chip can be improved. In an embodiment, the first composition comprises Al or Ag. 
         [0034]    In the embodiment, the reflective metal layer  201  further comprises a second composition comprising Cu, Si, Sn, Pt, Au, Pd or a combination thereof. According to the experimental results described below, the electro-migration in the reflective metal layer  201  is mitigated by adding the second composition therein. Furthermore, as compared with the reflective metal layer  201  without adding the second composition (e.g., pure aluminum or pure silver), the reflective metal layer  201  with the second composition added has a relatively smaller grain size, such that the reflectivity thereof can be increased. 
         [0035]    In an embodiment, the percentage of the second composition in the reflective metal layer  201  is less than 20% to prevent the reflectivity of the reflective metal layer  201  from decreasing due to the proportion of the first composition in the reflective metal layer  201  becoming too low. 
         [0036]    In an embodiment, the first composition of the reflective metal layer  201  comprises Al, and the second composition of the reflective metal layer  201  comprises Cu. In this embodiment, the reflective metal layer  201  may comprise an Al—Cu or Al—Si—Cu alloy. In another embodiment, the first composition of the reflective metal layer  201  comprises Ag, and the second composition of the reflective metal layer  201  comprises Cu. In this embodiment, the reflective metal layer  201  may comprise an Ag—Cu or Ag—Si—Cu alloy. In the subsequent description, the Al—Cu alloy is selected as an example to describe the embodiment of the disclosure. It is appreciated, however, that the present invention is not limited thereto. 
         [0037]    In an embodiment, the weight percentage (wt %) of Cu of the second composition is in a range of about 0.1%-2%. For example, the weight percentage of Cu of the second composition may be 1.5%. With respect to the Al—Cu phase diagram shown in  FIG. 4 , in the case where the reflective metal layer  201  is an Al—Cu alloy, the above-mentioned range of the weight percentage of Cu allows Cu to be stabilized in the α-phase alloy, in which Al is the major composition, under a temperature lower than 700° C. 
         [0038]    Referring to  FIG. 5 , which illustrates a comparison of the reflectivity of the reflective metal layer  201  at various wavelengths with respect to different Cu content in the reflective metal layer  201 , according to some embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the Al—Cu alloy with 0.5% or 1.5% Cu content has a higher reflectivity to visible light compared to pure aluminum without adding Cu therein. For example, for the wavelength of light ranged between 440 nm-460 nm, the reflectivity of the pure aluminum is 88%, while the reflectivity of the Al—Cu alloy with 0.5% or 1.5% Cu content can be increased to 91%. 
         [0039]    In the embodiments mentioned above, the increase of the reflectivity of the reflective metal layer  201  results from the reduction of the grain size. For pure aluminum, the root mean square (RMS) grain size is about 12 nm. However, when 0.5% or 1.5% Cu is added into aluminum, the RMS grain size can be reduced to 0.8 nm. Therefore, the reflectivity of the reflective metal layer  201  can be increased. 
         [0040]    Referring to  FIG. 6 , which illustrates a comparison of the resistivity of the reflective metal layer  201  with respect to different Cu content in the reflective metal layer  201 , according to some embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 6 , there is only a slight increase in the resistivity of the Al—Cu alloy with 0.5% or 1.5% Cu content compared to pure aluminum without adding Cu therein (i.e., 0% Cu). Such a slight increase will not adversely affect the operation of the LED chip. 
         [0041]    Referring to  FIG. 7 , which illustrates a comparison of the variation of the operating voltage of the LED chip with time with respect to different Cu content in the reflective metal layer, according to the results of high current aging test. As shown in  FIG. 7 , as compared to the embodiment of the pure aluminum, the variation of the operating voltage of the LED chip with time becomes lower when Cu is added into the reflective metal layers  201 . Moreover, as Cu content in the reflective metal layer  201  is increased, the variation of the operating voltage of the LED chip with time is suppressed as well. 
         [0042]    As observed by the electron microscopy in the high current aging test, the crystal structure of the reflective metal layer  201  with Cu added therein is less damaged compared to that of the reflective metal layer  201  without adding Cu therein (e.g., pure aluminum). Namely, the reflective metal layer  201  with Cu added has better electro-migration resistance. 
         [0043]    Please refer to  FIG. 3 . In the embodiment, the diffusion barrier layer  203  comprises Pt, Ti, W, Ni, Pd or a combination thereof, which can prevent compositions in the bonding layer  204  from diffusing to underlying layers (e.g., reflective metal layer  201 ). In an embodiment, the second adhesive layer  202  comprising Cr, Ti, Ni or any suitable adhesive material may be disposed between the diffusion barrier layer  203  and the reflective metal layer  201 , such that the diffusion barrier layer  203  is readily bonded to the reflective metal layer  201 . 
         [0044]    In the embodiment, the bonding layer  204  comprises Au, Sn, Zn, In, Ag or a combination thereof, which is used for bonding and electrically connecting the LED to the external components (e.g., wire, conductive bump or solder). 
         [0045]    Please refer to  FIG. 8 , which illustrates a cross-sectional view of a flip-chip LED chip  30  according to an embodiment of the invention. In the embodiment, the flip-chip LED chip  30  is also a horizontal-type structure, in which the electrode layers are provided on the same side of the flip-chip LED chip  30 . 
         [0046]    The flip-chip LED chip  30  comprises an LED  3000  composed of a first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  301 , an active layer  302  and a second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  303  disposed on a substrate  300 . The substrate  300  may comprise a material that is the same as or similar to the material of the substrate  100  shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0047]    In the embodiment, the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  301  and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  303  of the flip-chip LED  3000  may comprise materials that are the same as or similar to the materials of the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  101  and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  103  of the LED  1000 , respectively, shown in  FIG. 1 . Also, the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  301  and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  303  of the flip-chip LED  3000  may be formed by any suitable method, such as CVD, MOCVD, PECVD, molecular beam epitaxy, hydride vapor phase epitaxy, or sputtering. In an embodiment, the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  301  is an N-type semiconductor layer and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  303  is a P-type semiconductor layer. In another embodiment, the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  301  is a P-type semiconductor layer and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  303  is an N-type semiconductor layer. 
         [0048]    In the embodiment, the active layer  302  of the flip-chip LED  3000  may comprise a structure that is the same as or similar to that of the active layer  102  of the LED  1000  shown in  FIG. 1 , but it is not limited thereto. Moreover, the active layer  302  may be formed by methods that are similar to those used for forming the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  301  and the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  303 . 
         [0049]    In the embodiment, the flip-chip LED chip  30  further comprises a reflective metal layer (including reflective metal layers  401   a  and  401   b ) that is disposed on the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  303  of the LED  3000 . The reflective layers  401   a  and  401   b  are separated from each other by a recess  304  that extends from a top surface of the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  303  into a portion of the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  301 . As a result, a portion of first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  301  is exposed from the recess  304 . In an embodiment, the reflective metal layers  401   a  and  401   b  may comprise a single layer or a multi-layer structure. In some embodiments, the reflective metal layers  401   a  and  401   b  may be formed onto the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  303  of the LED  3000  by adhesive layers (not shown) or ohmic contact layers (not shown). In the embodiment, the materials of the reflective metal layers  401   a  and  401   b  may be the same as or similar to the material of the reflective metal layer  201  shown in  FIG. 3 . Moreover, the materials of the adhesive layers may be the same as or similar to the material of the first adhesive layer  200  shown in  FIG. 3  and the materials of the ohmic contact layers may be the same as or similar to the material of the ohmic contact layer  107  shown in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0050]    In the embodiment, the flip-chip LED chip  30  further comprises a diffusion barrier layer (including diffusion barrier layers  403   a  and  403   b ) that is disposed on the reflective metal layers  401   a  and  401   b . For example, the diffusion barrier layer  403   a  is disposed on the reflective metal layer  401   a  and the diffusion barrier layer  403   b  is disposed on the reflective metal layer  401   b . In an embodiment, the diffusion barrier layers  403   a  and  403   b  may comprise a single layer or a multi-layer structure. In some embodiments, the diffusion barrier layers  403   a  and  403   b  may comprise the first and second compositions of the reflective metal layer  201  shown in  FIG. 3 . In this case, the weight percentage of the second composition in the diffusion barrier layers  403   a  and  403   b  is greater than 0% and less than 20%. In an embodiment, the weight percentage (wt %) of Cu of the second composition is in a range of about 0.1%-2%. For example, the weight percentage of Cu of the second composition may be 1.5%. 
         [0051]    In the embodiment, the flip-chip LED chip  30  further comprises a first isolation layer  309  that is disposed on the diffusion barrier layers  403   a  and  403   b  and is further extended to cover the reflective metal layers  401   a  and  401   b , the sidewalls of the recess  304  and the LED  3000 . Moreover, the first isolation layer  309  has an opening  309   a  to expose a portion of the diffusion barrier layers  403   a . The first isolation layer  309  may comprise a dielectric material or any suitable material used for a passivation layer. In some embodiments, a protective layer (not shown) may be disposed on the sidewall of the recess  304  and covered by the first isolation layer  309  in the recess  304 . 
         [0052]    In the embodiment, the flip-chip LED chip  30  further comprises a conductive metal layer  405  that is disposed on the first isolation layer  309  above the diffusion barrier layers  403   a  and  403   b . Moreover, a portion of the conductive metal layer  405  further extends to fill in the recess  304  and be separated from the sidewalls of the recess  304  by the first isolation layer  309 , so as to be in contact with the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  301 . Moreover, the conductive metal layer  405  has an opening  405   a  above the opening  309   a  to expose a portion of the first isolation layer  309  and the portion of the diffusion barrier layer  403   a  that is exposed from the opening  309   a . In an embodiment, the conductive metal layer  405  may comprise a single layer or a multi-layer structure. In some embodiments, the conductive metal layer  405  may comprise the first and second compositions of the reflective metal layer  201  shown in  FIG. 3 . In this case, the weight percentage of the second composition in the conductive metal layer  405  is greater than 0% and less than 20%. In an embodiment, the weight percentage (wt %) of Cu of the second composition is in a range of about 0.1%-2%. For example, the weight percentage of Cu of the second composition may be 1.5%. 
         [0053]    In the embodiment, the flip-chip LED chip  30  further comprises a second isolation layer  311  that is disposed on the conductive metal layer  405  and is further extended in the openings  309   a  and  405   a  to cover the sidewalls thereof. Moreover, the second isolation layer  311  has openings  312   a  and  312   b  corresponding to the diffusion barrier layers  403   a  and  403   b , respectively. The opening  312   a  exposes a portion of the diffusion barrier layers  403   a  that is exposed from the opening  309   a . The opening  312   b  exposes a portion of the conductive metal layer  405  above the diffusion barrier layer  403   b . The second isolation layer  311  may comprise a dielectric material or any suitable materials used for a passivation layer. Moreover, the second isolation layer  311  may comprise a material that is the same as or similar to the material of the first isolation layer  309 . 
         [0054]    In the embodiment, the flip-chip LED chip  30  further comprises bonding layers  407   a  and  407   b  that are individually disposed on the second isolation layer  311  above the diffusion barrier layers  403   a  and  403   b . Namely, the bonding layer  407   a  is disposed directly above the diffusion barrier layer  403   a  and the bonding layer  407   b  is disposed directly above the diffusion barrier layer  403   b . The bonding layers  407   a  and  407   b  serve as bond pads or portions of electrodes for the flip-chip LED chip  30 . 
         [0055]    A portion of the bonding layer  407   a  passes through the second isolation layer  311  via the openings  312   a , so as to be in contact with the exposed portion of the diffusion barrier layer  403   a . A portion of the bonding layer  407   b  extends through the second isolation layer  311  via the opening  312   b , so as to be in contact with the exposed portion of the conductive metal layer  405 . 
         [0056]    In an embodiment, the bonding layers  407   a  and  407   b  may comprise a single layer or a multi-layer structure. In some embodiments, at least one of the bonding layers  407   a  and  407   b  may comprises the first and second compositions of the reflective metal layer  201  shown in  FIG. 3 . In this case, the weight percentage of the second composition in one of the bonding layers  407   a  and  407   b  is greater than 0% and less than 20%. 
         [0057]    In the embodiment, the reflective metal layer  401   a , the diffusion barrier layer  403   a , and the bonding layer  407   a  constitute a first electrical connecting path that is electrically coupled to the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  303  of the LED  3000 . Moreover, the conductive metal layer  405  and the bonding layer  407   b  constitute a second electrical connecting path that is electrically coupled to the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  301  of the LED  3000 . 
         [0058]    In the embodiment, the first and second electrical connecting paths comprise the first composition, such as Al or Ag, with high reflectivity with respect to the light having a specific wavelength (e.g., visible light). As a result, the light emitted to the first and second electrical connecting path can be reflected toward the outside environment and therefore the light efficiency of the flip-chip LED chip  30  can be improved. 
         [0059]    Moreover, the first and second electrical connecting paths further comprises a second composition, such as Cu, Si, Sn, Pt, Au, Pd or a combination thereof. It should be understood that the impact of the electro-migration is increased under high-current operation. When vacancies are formed in the Al-containing current path by the migration of Al atoms due to the electro-migration effect, these vacancies can be filled by Cu atoms. Accordingly, the electro-migration effect in the electrical connecting path can be effectively mitigated by the second composition therein. As a result, the reliability of the electrical connecting path can be improved even under high-current operation. 
         [0060]    Additionally, the aluminum-containing electrical connecting path can corrode easily by the halogen elements from environment. Also, the second composition, such as Cu, in the first and second electrical connecting paths can enhance the resistance to the impurity. Accordingly, the stability of the first and second electrical connecting paths is also increased. 
         [0061]    Please refer to  FIG. 9 , which illustrates a cross-sectional view of a flip-chip LED chip  30 ′ according to an embodiment of the invention. Descriptions of elements of the embodiments hereinafter that are the same as or similar to those previously described with reference to  FIG. 8  may be omitted for brevity. In the embodiment, the flip-chip LED chip  30 ′ is similar to the flip-chip LED chip  30  shown in  FIG. 8 . In the embodiment, the flip-chip LED chip  30 ′ further includes conductive metal layer  405 ′ that is electrically isolated from the conductive metal layer  405  and disposed on the first isolation layer  309  above the diffusion barrier layer  403   a . Moreover, the conductive metal layer  405 ′ further extends to fill in the opening  309   a , so as to be in contact with the portion of the diffusion barrier layer  403   a  that is exposed from the opening  309   a . In an embodiment, the conductive metal layer  405 ′ may comprise a single layer or a multi-layer structure. In some embodiments, the conductive metal layer  405 ′ may comprise the same material as that of the conductive layer  405 . 
         [0062]    In the embodiment, the second isolation layer  311  that is disposed on the conductive metal layers  405  and  405 ′ and is further extended in the opening  405   a  to cover a portion of the sidewall of the conductive metal layers  405 ′. Moreover, the opening  312   a  of the second isolation layer  311  exposes a portion of the conductive metal layers  405 ′. 
         [0063]    In the embodiment, a portion of the bonding layer  407   a  passes through the second isolation layer  311  via the openings  312   a , so as to be in contact with the exposed portion of the conductive metal layers  405 ′. 
         [0064]    In the embodiment, the reflective metal layer  401   a , the diffusion barrier layer  403   a , the conductive metal layers  405 ′, and the bonding layer  407   a  constitute a first electrical connecting path that is electrically coupled to the second conductivity-type semiconductor layer  303  of the LED  3000 . Moreover, the conductive metal layer  405  and the bonding layer  407   b  constitute a second electrical connecting path that is electrically coupled to the first conductivity-type semiconductor layer  301  of the LED  3000 . 
         [0065]    According to the embodiments of the invention, the grain size of the reflective metal layer, the diffusion barrier layer, the conductive layer, or the bonding layer can be reduced by adding a few second compositions therein, thereby increasing the reflectivity thereof and improving the light efficiency of the LED chip. Besides, it can be observed that electro-migration in these layers occurs less, thus the overdrive performance of the LED chip can be improved. Furthermore, it is noted that the variation of the operating voltage of the LED chip with time is decreased, according to the embodiments of the invention. Namely, the reliability of the LED chip can be maintained during long-term operation, according to the embodiments of the invention. 
         [0066]    While the invention has been described by way of example and in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements (as would be apparent to those skilled in the art). Therefore, the scope of the appended claims should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements.