Abstract:
The specification discloses a hand-held electronic calculator for use by traders for rapidly and easily determining trade order size(s), number of option(s) or contract(s), and other unknown/or not stored variables for an option(s) trade, and a variety of margin, percentage, cash flow, and rate-of-return calculations. These “hand-held” electronic calculators for trading have a variety of product lines and models (e.g. pocket, hand-held, and desktop) and will be for “traders of all levels . . . trading securities of all types”. These innovative hand-held calculators allow traders worldwide to be fast, proactive, prepared, and informed . . . enabling them to increase productivity and profits. Trade order sizes can be determined for stocks, options, bonds, mutual funds, futures, indexes, currency, commodities, or any other security in the world that is traded using price and buying power as variables to compute trade order size. In addition, the number of option(s) or contract(s) can be determined quickly using pre-set cash amount(s), premium, and multiplier. Price/or premium and buying power are entered by the user, and they can then quickly scroll up/down through order size(s) or number of contract(s) by price/or premium in a range, with a variety of decimal/or fractional increments on “speed keys”. The hand-held calculator determines variables that are used during active trading (e.g. order sizes, number of contracts, option variables), and non-active trading (e.g. internal rate-of-return, financial mgmt rate of return, yield, gain/loss on sale, total dividends, etc.). The Trading Calculator has “Order Size”, “Options”, “Rate-of-Return”, and “Standard Calculator” modes.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application claims priority from U.S. provisional application Nos. 60/265,070, filed Jan. 31, 2001; and 60/402,559 filed Aug. 12, 2002; both of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. Additional references are cited below:  
                                                     U.S. Patent Documents                                    4081859   March 1978   Goldsamt, et al.   364/709           4545022   October 1985   Hughins   364/709           4744044   May 1988   Stover, et al.   364/737           4800514   January 1989   Earle   364/709           5025403   June 1991   Stephens   364/709           5089980   February 1992   Bunsen, et al.   364/709           5260886   November 1993   Bunsen   364/709                      
 
     
    
     
       STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH &amp; DEVELOPMENT  
         [0002]    Not Applicable.  
         REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING COMPACT DISK APPENDIX  
         [0003]    Not Applicable.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    The present invention relates to calculators, and more particularly to calculators especially adapted to perform trading calculations for the securities industry. This calculator is “for traders of all levels . . . trading securities of all types”, who need to determine trade order size(s) by price, number of option(s)/or contract(s) by premium, and other individual variables for option trading, margin, and cash flow/or rate-of-return calculations.  
           [0005]    Methods have been developed for electronic calculators to perform calculations on trading data. “The Monroe Trader” (1978; serial # K554351 made in the U.S.) calculates data for bonds, notes, and treasury bills. Many other types of electronic calculators have been developed that allow direct input of fractional data (pre-defined and manual input of fractions). Please see “References” in this document. Patents that relate to “pre-defined fractional input” have now expired (see Goldsamt, et al. and Hughins); patents that relate to “manual fraction input” are very close to their expiration date (see Stover, et al.):  
                                                               4081859   March, 1978   Goldsamt, et al.   364/709           4545022   October 1985   Hughins   364/709           4744044   May 1988   Stover, et al.   364/737                      
 
           [0006]    This patent for Trading Calculator takes advantage of “pre-defined fractional input”, in order to calculate trade order size(s) by price and number of option(s)/or contract(s) by premium, allowing the user to quickly scroll through a range of records in either decimal or fractional formats. We have not found any prior art for hand-held electronic trading calculators that allows the user to quickly scroll through order size(s) by price, or scroll through number of option(s)/or contract(s) by premium in either a decimal or fractional format. In addition, we have not found any prior patents for hand-held electronic trading calculators that determine unknown/or not stored variables for an option(s) trade, or a variety of margin, cash flow/or rate-of-return calculations.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    There are no previous problems that need to be overcome in the present invention. Essentially, a hand-held electronic calculator is provided enabling traders worldwide to be fast, proactive, prepared, and informed by quickly performing active and non-active trading functions; some of these functions include calculating trade order size(s), number of option(s)/or contract(s), and calculating the unknown/or not stored variable for an option(s) trade or a variety of margin, cash flow, and rate-of-return calculations.  
           [0008]    More particularly, in the first aspect, the calculator includes means for storing numeric trading price(s)/or premium(s) and range(s), and the cash, margin, option, and total buying power dollar amounts. This numeric input is used as a means for calculating trade order size(s) and number of option(s)/or contract(s) by price/or premium. The trader selects a pre-defined fraction from a selector switch or button, in addition to a mode type of decimal or fraction. The trader then simply inputs the cash, margin, option money, buying power, and price/or premium into the calculator and it responds by assigning each price/or premium an order size/or number of option(s)/or contract(s) determined by internal calculations. The user/or trader, can then quickly scroll/view order size(s) and number of option(s)/or contract(s) by price or premium using speed keys and up/down arrow keys throughout a price/or premium range. Speed keys or up/down arrow keys can be used to quickly change price increments, instead of re-keying trading data over and over again.  
           [0009]    In a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the calculator includes means enabling the trader to manually override/or clear the numeric trading price/or premium. This enables the calculator to accommodate different trading price/or premium ranges without changing preset keys for total cash, margin, option money, or buying power dollar amounts.  
           [0010]    In a second aspect, the calculator automatically determines unknown/or not stored variables for an option(s) trade and for a variety of margin, cash flow, and rate-of-return calculations. For these types of trading functions, the trader inputs option, margin, cash flow, and rate-of-return variables, and the calculator responds by returning the unknown/or not stored variable. The calculator determines and displays the variable corresponding to the trading mode/function performed. The Trading Calculator also performs standard calculator functions.  
           [0011]    These and other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will be more fully understood and appreciated by reference to the detailed description of the preferred embodiment and the drawings.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING  
       [0012]    Note: The Trading Calculator will be manufactured in several different styles or models (pocket, hand-held, desktop). Two different drawings are being included in this patent, as the claim(s) apply to both and have been written accordingly:  
         [0013]    1. Advanced Model (hand-held or desktop styles only). This model incorporates Standard Calculator Mode, Trade Order Size Mode, Option Mode, and Margin/Cash Flow/Rate-of-Return Mode.  
         [0014]    2. Basic/or “Core Concept” Model (pocket, hand-held, or desktop styles). Includes Standard Calculator Mode and Trade Order Size Mode (that includes premium and contracts).  
         [0015]    TRADING CALCULATOR—ADVANCED MODEL (hand-held, or desktop styles)  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1A is a front view of the calculator of the present invention showing trade price and calculated order size;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 1B is a front view of the calculator of the present invention showing premium and calculated number of contracts;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 1C is a flow chart illustrating the program flow of the “main” routine of the calculator;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 1D is a flow chart illustrating the program flow of the “order size” subroutine of the calculator;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 1E is a flow chart illustrating the program flow of the “option” subroutine;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 1F is a flow chart illustrating the program flow of the “margin/cash flow/rate-of-return” subroutine;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 1G is a front view of the display that shows sections and annunciators/indicators.  
         [0023]    TRADING CALCULATOR—BASIC/CORE CONCEPT MODEL (pocket, hand-held, or small desktop styles)  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 2A is a front view of the calculator of the present invention showing trade price and calculated trade order size;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 2B is a front view of the calculator of the present invention showing premium and calculated number of contracts. 
     
    
       [0026]    [*note: this model contains the “main” routine and “order size” subroutine as shown above.] 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0027]    A calculator constructed in accordance with a preferred aspect of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1A and generally designated  10 . The calculator includes a body or housing  12  supporting a keypad  13  and a display  14 . The display includes a number section  16 , a trading price/premium section  18 , an order size/or number of contract(s) section  22 , a mode type (order size, rate of return, option variables) section  20 , cash type section  11  (cash $, margin $, total buying power $), and a key indicator (section  21 ), when operating trade order size, options, and rate of return modes. The display also includes a plurality of annunciator/indicators. The calculator  10  is illustrated in FIG. 1A in a configuration that is conventional in the art. Specifically, the keypad  13  and the display  14  are both connected to a processor  15 . A storage device  17  is also connected to the processor  15 . The processing functions described in this application are carried out by the processor  15 ; and storage functions are accommodated in storage device  17 . When operating in the calculator mode, display  14  displays numbers in conventional fashion.  
         [0028]    The keys supported within the body of the calculator are as follows:  
                                         TABLE 1                                       Designating           Key   Numeral                                        ON/C   1           SET   2           OFF   3           M−   set 5            M+   5           CLEAR RANGE (C/RNG)   6           RECALL (RCL)   7           CLEAR MEMORY (CLR/M)   set 7            IN-THE-MONEY (IN$)   set 12           SETTLEMENT VALUE-AUTO (SVA)   9           SETTLEMENT VALUE-NON AUTO (SVNA)   set 9            MULTIPLIER (MULTP) or (MULTIPLIER)   12           RETURN % (ROR)   13           YIELD % (YIELD)   16           INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN % (IRR)   set 13           OPTION$ (OPT$)   4           PURCHASE PRICE (P/PRICE)   set 10           CURRENT PRICE (C/PRICE)   10           NUMBER OF OPTIONS (# OPTS)   8           GAIN/LOSS (G/L)   set 16           PREMIUM PER SHARE (PREM/SH)   set 4            FEES (FEES)   set 21           CAP INTERVAL (CAP INT)   set 8            TOTAL DIVIDENDS (DVD$)   20           TOTAL DIVIDEND RE-INVESTMENT %   set 14           (REINV)           TOTAL DIVIDEND INCOME (DVD INC)   14           NUMBER OF MONTHS (TERM)   21           CAP AMOUNT (CAP$)   set 27           STRIKE PRICE (STRIKE)   set 23           EXERCISE PRICE (EX$)   23           AVG QUARTERLY DIVIDEND (QDVD)   set 20           TOTAL TAX % (TAX)   25           STATE &amp; FEDERAL TAX % (ST/FD TX)   set 25           NUMBER OF SHARES (#SHRS)   27           INDIVIDUAL NUMBERS   29           TOTAL CASH (CASH)   30           TOTAL MARGIN (MARGIN)   45           TOTAL BUYING POWER (BUYING POWER)   31           TOTAL OPTION MONEY (OPT$)   32           TO (TO)   33           DEDICATED EXECUTION KEY (TRADE)   34           SCROLL UP   35           SCROLL DOWN   36           FRACTION INDICATOR/SELECTOR   37           (0, 1/32 nd , 1/16 th , 1/8 th , 1/4 th , 1/2)           DECIMAL-FRACTION MODE SWITCH   46           %   38           ×   39           +   40           DIVIDE (/)   41           −   42           =   43           +.01 Increment Speed Key   44           −.01 Increment Speed Key   47           +.05 Increment Speed Key   48           −.05 Increment Speed Key   49                      
 
         [0029]    The function of these keys is explained in conjunction with the flow charts and front-views shown in the drawings.  
         [0030]    The calculator has been designed so that a trading price/or premium or trading price/or premium range can be entered and determined using several different methods:  
         [0031]    1. Manually by the user (using dedicated or non-dedicated switches or keys)  
         [0032]    2. determined internally by processor means with input from user  
         [0033]    3. by using price/premium increment(s) using special “speed key(s)” or “up/down arrow keys” where an increment is added to the current price/or premium to arrive at a new price/or premium  
         [0034]    4. or any combination of these method #&#39;s 1-3.  
         [0035]    For method #1 or #2 above, the calculator may include a table of whole numbers from 1 through 1000 (WN-LU). When the user enters an individual trading price/or trading price range (current price or premium) by way of HIGH-PRICE and LOW-PRICE internal variables, the calculator will use table WN-LU to determine the whole numbers between LOW-PRICE and HIGH-PRICE in order to create table LU1(LOW-PRICE and HIGH-PRICE numbers are included in table LU1 in addition to the whole numbers between LOW-PRICE and HIGH-PRICE). It should also be noted that prices and price ranges can also be determined internally by processor means with the entry of just one of these LOW-PRICE or HIGH-PRICE variables. Manually entering a user-defined range is an option, and certainly not a required method. These whole numbers/or prices will then be used in table LU1 to determine fractional price/or premiums within a price/or premium range. For example, a portion of table WN-LU is shown:  
                       TABLE WN-LU                                   Whole Number Table (1-1000)                            1            2            3            4            5            6            7            8            9           10           11           12           13           . . . up to 1000                      
 
         [0036]    Trading price table (LU1) may store the trading price/or premium derived from table WN-LU, Fraction Indicator/Selector (key 37), manual input, and internal processor means. Table LU1 may also store the price/or premium range of numbers that was determined manually, or internally by the calculator&#39;s processor means. Table LU1 accommodates the fractional increment selected by the user (key 37) and with processor means or manual input, determines prices/and premiums within a a price/or premium range.  
         [0037]    Each price/or premium included in the range determined in Table LU1 is then divided by the stored amount for total cash, margin, option, or buying power (keys 30,31,32,45) depending on which one is selected by the user. This division creates an associated trade order size table (LU2) that is displayed (display  14 ), and can be viewed by the user by scrolling up (key 35) or scrolling down (key 36), or using Increment Speed Keys (keys 44,47,48,49).  
         [0038]    The Fractional Indicator/Selector (key 37) can select a variety of fractions, the most common will be increments of {fraction (1/32)} nd &#39;s, {fraction (1/16)} th &#39;s, ⅛ th &#39;s, ¼ th &#39;s, ½&#39;s, and; decimal equivalents of fractions can also be displayed as an option, instead of displaying fractions, i.e. 1.250 instead of 1¼ th .  
         [0039]    The Decimal-Fraction Mode Switch (switch/key 46) determines the mode of the calculator, and whether or not decimals or fractions will be displayed. If switch/key 46 is set to fraction, the calculator uses input from the fractional indicator/selector (key 37) to determine the price/or price range, and the user can then view/scroll through records using up/down arrow keys (keys 35 or 36). If switch/key 46 is set to decimal, the calculate uses manual input from the user to determine an internal price range where the user can then view/scroll through records by decimal increment(s) using Speed Keys (keys 44,47,48,49); it should be noted that instead of processor means determining an internal price range, price increments can be used as a method to quickly determine prices/or premiums with associated order size, number of options/or contracts.  
                         TABLE LU1                           (EXAMPLE; 30-32 by 1/4)            Whole Number   Price/or Premium               30   30¼           30½           30¾       31   31           31¼           31½           31¾       32   32                  
 
         [0040]    Continuing on with this example, if the total buying power (TBP$ key 31) was set and stored as $76,840.00, then each fractional number of table LU1 would be divided into $76,840.00, thereby calculating (EQU1) an associated trade order size that can be purchased (always rounded down to the nearest whole number for each trading price). Table LU2 would then become:  
                             TABLE LU2                           (EXAMPLE; 30-32 by 1/4)                Price/or Premium   Trade Order Size                       30¼   2540           30½   2519           30¾   2498           31   2478           31¼   2458           31½   2439           31¾   2420           32   2401                      
 
         [0041]    The first entry in table LU2 will be displayed by the calculator (only fractional price and trade order size. Fractional premium and number of option(s)/or contract(s) would be the only two variables displayed when calculating the number of option(s) or contract(s). To view/scroll through the table, the user would use keys 35 and 36. To adjust table LU1 and LU2 respectively, the user can clear the trading price range by depressing ON/C (key 1) or C/RNG (key 6), and then re-key a new individual trading price or price range by using the TO (key 33), individual numbers (keys 29), and TRADE (key 34). An individual price can be entered instead of a price range by using keys 29 and depressing TRADE (key 34). In addition, as already mentioned above, entering a price range manually (with a separator) is not required; the processor means can determine a price range internally when the user enters a single price, or increments can be used. These order sizes and fractional numbers are permanently embodied in read-only memory (ROM), and the user cannot edit them. The user can edit/or change them by entering a new price/or price range as mentioned above using the nonvolatile area of random-access memory (RAM). Default values for tables LU1 and LU2 are zero.  
         [0042]    If an individual trading price was entered by the user, tables LU1 and LU2 would only have one record each.  
         [0043]    Another example like the creation of table LU2, is when a user wants to calculate the number of option(s) or contract(s) he/she can purchase. If the trading premium range of 30-40 was selected as shown in the above example, and the total money (keys 30,31,32,45) was set and stored as above ($76,840), and an option multiplier of 100 was set and stored (key 12) then tables WN-LU and LU1 would be created exactly as shown above. Table LU2, although, would have an additional column of data that would store the number of contract(s) [rounding down as stated above]. This is shown below in Table LU3. The number of contract(s) is calculated (EQU2) by dividing the trade order size (in LU2) by the stored option multiplier (key 12):  
                                 TABLE LU3                           (EXMAPLE; 30-32 by 1/4)                        Number of           Premium   Trade Order Size   Contracts                       30¼   2540   25           30½   2519   25           30¾   2498   24           31   2478   24           31¼   2458   24           31½   2439   24           31¾   2420   24           32   2401   24                      
 
         [0044]    The user can then view/scroll through each record that displays premium and number of contract(s) by using up/down arrow keys (keys 35, 36) or speed keys (keys 44,47,48,49) in combination with selector keys 37 and 46.  
         [0045]    Again, for method #3 aforementioned, instead of using a price/or premium range (manually or internally set by processor means), prices/or premiums can be changed using incremental speed keys (keys 44,47,48,49) where increments are added to prices/or premiums to arrive at a new price/or premium. For example, with the Decimal-Fraction Mode Switch (key 46) set to “Decimal” and the amount of money being traded previously entered (keys 30,31,32,35), the user could then enter 25.23 using the keypad (keys 29) followed by depression of the TRADE key 34.  
         [0046]    At this point the first display signal would be shown, and the display indicators would correlate to either premiums/contracts or price/order size depending on whether or not the multiplier (key 12) was depressed or not with a previously stored entry; when key 12 is depressed, the calculator determines the number of contracts instead of the order size as shown in Table LU3. In this example, let&#39;s assume that key 12 was not depressed and there was nothing stored in key 12. Internal calculations would be like those shown in Table LU2 using $76,840 as the stored amount of cash (key 30). $76,840 (stored key 30) divided by a price of 25.23 equals 3045.58, rounded down to 3045.  
       DISPLAY EXAMPLE  
     Order Size  
       [0047]    [0047]                                           25.23       3045       Price   Cash   Order Size                    
         [0048]    At this point, the user could then depress a +0.01 increment (key 44). A second display signal would then be shown where 0.01 is added to 25.23 arriving at a new price/or premium 25.24. Again, $76,840 (stored key 30) now divided by 25.24 to equal 3044.37, rounded down to 3044.  
       DISPLAY EXAMPLE  
     Order Size  
       [0049]    [0049]                                           25.24       3044       Price   Cash   Order Size                    
         [0050]    Continuing on with this example, the user could now depress a +0.05 increment (key 48). Another display signal would then be shown where 0.05 is added to the last price shown, 25.24, thus arriving at a new price 25.29. Again, $76,840 (stored key 30) now divided by 25.29 to equal 3038.35, rounded down to 3038.  
       DISPLAY EXAMPLE  
     Order Size  
       [0051]    [0051]                                           25.29       3038       Price   Cash   Order Size                    
         [0052]    The number of contracts can be determined by increments in the same manner when multiplier (key 12) is depressed, and has a stored entry. Display indicators correlate to price/order size or premium/contracts accordingly.  
         [0053]    These last several examples had the Decimal-Fraction Mode Switch (key 46) set to “Decimal”. When the Decimal-Fraction Mode Switch (key 46) is set to “Fraction” and the amount of money being traded was previously entered (keys 30,31,32,35), the user could then select a pre-defined fractional increment from Fraction Indicator/Selector (key 37), and then enter a number using the keypad (keys 29) followed by depression of the TRADE (key 34). At this point the first display signal would be shown, and the display indicators would correlate to either premiums/contracts or price/order size depending on whether or not the multiplier (key 12) was depressed or not with a previously stored entry; when key 12 is depressed, the calculator determines the number of contracts instead of the order size as shown in Table LU3. In this example, let&#39;s assume that key 12 was not depressed and there was nothing stored in key 12, that the Fraction Indicator/Selector (key 37) was set to ¼ th , the Cash (key 30) had $76,840 previously entered and was depressed, and the Decimal-Fraction Mode Switch (key 46) was set to “Fraction”. At this point, the user enters the number 30 on the keypad (keys 29) and then depresses the TRADE (key 34). Internal calculations would be those shown in Table LU2 using $76,840 as the stored amount of cash (key 30). The first display signal would be:  
       DISPLAY EXAMPLE  
     Order Size  
       [0054]    [0054]                                           30 ¼       2540       Price   Cash   Order Size                    
         [0055]    At this point, the user could then depress the up/or down arrow scroll (keys 35,36) to view/scroll through records by the pre-defined fractional increment already selected by Fraction Indicator/Selector (key 37). At this point, if the user depressed the up arrow (key 35) key once, a second display signal would then be shown as in Table LU2:  
       DISPLAY EXAMPLE  
     Order Size  
       [0056]    [0056]                                           30 ½       2519       Price   Cash   Order Size                    
         [0057]    The user can continue on, viewing/scrolling up or down in the price/or premium range using this methodology, or clear the range and select a new price or price range. The price range can be determined using a variety of methods, and is not limited.  
         [0058]    I. Main Routine  
         [0059]    Program flow of the main routine &lt; 100 &gt; is illustrated in FIG. 1C. The calculator is powered on by depressing ON/C key 1. Tables WN-LU,LU1,LU2,LU3 are reset &lt; 101 &gt; to the default values of 0. A hard reset is only performed when the batteries are removed. At this point, any keys can be depressed &lt; 102 &gt;. The calculator determines &lt; 103 &gt; if standard calculator functions will be performed. If they are, standard keys are depressed &lt; 104 &gt;, calculated &lt; 105 &gt;, and displayed &lt; 106 &gt;. If standard calculator functions are not to be performed &lt; 103 &gt;, the mode then needs to be determined &lt; 108 &gt;. The default mode &lt; 104 &gt; is calculator mode  500 . Depressing TBP$ key 31, CASH$ key 30, or OPTION$ key 32, or MARGIN$ key 45 places the calculator in trading order size mode  200 . Depressing keys 4,8,9,12,23 and set keys 4,8,9,12,23,27 places the calculator in options trade mode  300 , and depressing keys 10,13,14,16,21,25 and set keys 10, 13, 14, 16, 20, 21, 25 places the calculator in rate of return mode  400 . At any time during the operation of the calculator, any of the above keys can be depressed whereupon the calculator enters the corresponding mode  200 , 300 , 400 , or  500 . The mode is then displayed &lt; 107 , 109 , 113 &gt; on display  14  (section  20 ). The main routine  100  will process trade order sizes &lt; 111 &gt; including number of option(s) or contract(s), option trading variables &lt; 110 &gt;, margin/percentage/cash flow/rate of return variables &lt; 112 &gt;, and standard calculator functions &lt; 104 &gt;. The calculator is powered off &lt; 114 &gt; by depressing the OFF key 3. In order to facilitate a precise description of the operation of the calculator, the following internal variables will be used:  
                                             INTERNAL VARIABLES 1-1                Variable   Description                       High-Price   High trading price of range, user-defined           Low-price   Low trading price of range, user-defined           FRA CP   Fractional trading price               (internal table LU1)           FRA CIND   Fractional indicator/setting (stored key 37)           ORDSZ   Trade order size (internal table LU2)           MULTP   Option multiplier (stored key 12)           WN   Whole number (internal table WN-LU)           NOOPS   Number of contracts (internal table LU2)           CASH$   Total cash money (stored key 30)           MARGIN$   Total margin money (stored key 45)           TBP$   Total buying power money (stored key 31)           OPT$   Total option money (stored key 32)           OPT1   Premium per share (stored key set 4)           OPT2   Total option money (stored key 4)           OPT3   in money (stored key set 12)           OPT5   cap interval (stored key set 8)           OPT6   # of options (stored key 8)           OPT7   cap price (stored key set 27, EQU27)           OPT8   # of shares (stored key 27)           OPT9   strike price (stored key set 23)           OPT10   exercise price (stored key 23, EQU8, 10)           OPT11   settlement value (stored key 9, EQU34)           OPT13   settlement value (stored key set 9, EQU33)           OPT12   multiplier (stored key 12)           OPT14   option money (stored key 4, EQU4)           ROR1   fees total (stored key set 21)           ROR2   term/months (stored key 21)           ROR3   yield % (stored key 16, EQU79-80)           ROR4   annualized return % (stored key 13, EQU51-62)           ROR5   avg qtrly dividend (stored key set 20)           ROR6   total dividends (stored key 20, EQU15-16)           ROR26   total dividend income (stored key 14)           ROR17   total dividend re-investment % (stored key set 14)           ROR7   current price (stored key 10, EQU63-74)           ROR8   purchase price (stored key set 10)           ROR10   IRR % (stored key set 13, EQU#-#)           ROR11   gain/loss total               (stored set key 16, EQU75-78)           ROR12   EQU23 result (stored internally, fees/share)           ROR13   EQU24 result (stored internally, g/l per share)           ROR14   EQU25 result (stored internally, total divd/share)           ROR15   EQU26 result (stored internally, tax calc)           ROR18   EQU36 result (stored internally, divd/share/year)           ROR16   EQU35 result (stored internally, net cash flow)           ROR20   ending balance (stored internally, EQU37)           ROR21   beginning balance (stored internally, EQU38)           ROR19   dividend reinvested income (stored key 14,               EQU83-84)           ROR9   total tax % (stored key 25)           ROR22   ROR % conversion (stored internally, EQU5)           ROR23   REINV % conversion (stored internally, EQU7)           ROR24   IRR % conversion (stored internally, EQU9)           ROR25   total state/federal tax (stored key set 25)           ROR27   YIELD % conversion (stored internal, EQU11)                      
 
         [0060]    II. Trading Order Size Mode  
         [0061]    The main routine &lt; 100 &gt; transfers control &lt; 201 &gt; (FIG. 1D) to the trading order size subroutine &lt; 200 &gt; when TBP$ key 31, CASH$ key 30, OPTION$ key, or MARGIN$ key 45 &lt; 201 &gt; is depressed. This subroutine processes the amount stored in the key register (key 30,31,32,45). If the key register does not contain a number &lt; 202 &gt;, the control is immediately returned to the main routine &lt; 100 &gt;. If the key register does contain an amount in register  30 , 31 , 32 , 45 , the calculator then checks &lt; 203 &gt; for a multiplier stored in key register  12 . If a multiplier is not stored in key register  12 , the calculator then waits &lt; 209 &gt; for a trading price to be entered using keys 29. Once a trade price is entered, the TRADE key 34 is then depressed &lt; 210 &gt; which activates the processor means to determine a trading price range, and then determine &lt; 211 &gt; order sizes for each price in the price range and display &lt; 212 &gt; order size by price (from table LU2) on display  14  that the user can view or scroll through &lt; 213 &gt; using up/down arrow keys 35 and 36, or increment speed keys 44,47-49. If a multiplier is stored &lt; 203 &gt; in key register  12 , the calculator then waits &lt; 204 &gt; for a trading premium to be entered using keys 29. Once a trading premium is entered, the TRADE key 34 is then depressed &lt; 205 &gt; which activates the processor means to determine a trading premium range, and then determine &lt; 206 &gt; the number of contract(s) for each premium in the premium range and display &lt; 207 &gt; the number of contract(s) by premium (from table LU2) on display  14  that the user can view or scroll through &lt; 208 &gt; using up/down arrow keys 35 and 36, or increment speed keys 44,47-49. Control is then given back to the calling routine &lt; 214 &gt;. Please refer to tables WN-LU, LU1, LU2, and LU3 for examples. All data in tables WN-LU, LU1, LU2, and LU3 are retained until the OFF (key 3), ON/C (key 1), or C/RNG (key 6) is depressed. [Please refer to examples and Equations Table 1-1 for internal calculations in regard to determining order size(s) and the number of contract(s).] 
         [0062]    III. Options Trading Mode  
         [0063]    The main routine &lt; 100 &gt; transfers control &lt; 301 &gt; (FIG. 1E) to the options trading subroutine &lt; 300 &gt; when keys 4,8,9,12,23 and set keys 4, 8, 9, 12, 23, 27 are depressed. The user can then enter option variables through keys 29. These option variables are stored &lt; 303 &gt; in option key registers and displayed &lt; 304 &gt;. When the user finishes entering option variables into the different key registers, the user decides if input is complete &lt; 305 &gt;. If not, the user can continue &lt; 302 &gt; to enter option variables through keys 29. If the user decides that input is complete &lt; 305 &gt;, he/she can then depress the desired unknown/or not stored option variable key &lt; 306 &gt;, where the calculator then determines &lt; 307 &gt; that unknown variable. If the calculator cannot determine the unknown variable because necessary variables were not previously entered &lt; 312 &gt;, the user can then enter those missing variables &lt; 302 &gt;, and then once again depress &lt; 306 &gt; the desired unknown/or not stored option variable key. If the calculation is successful, the resultant variable will be stored &lt; 308 &gt; and displayed &lt; 309 &gt;; a “RUN” indicator is shown in the display when the calculation is taking place, indicating that the process is “running”. At this point, the user has the choice to solve for additional unknown option variables &lt; 310 &gt;, or return the control to the calling routine &lt; 311 &gt;. Keys 4,8,9,12,23,27 and set keys 4,8,9,12,23 are used during this process, and internal variables are also assigned (see Internal Variables 1-1). Also refer to Equations Table 1-1, where any variable—for any equation—can be solved for. Stored entries can be re-displayed &lt; 304 &gt; at any time by depressing the option key directly &lt; 306 &gt;.  
         [0064]    IV. Rate of Return Mode  
         [0065]    The main routine &lt; 100 &gt; transfers control &lt; 401 &gt; (FIG. 1F) to the rate-of-return trading subroutine &lt; 400 &gt; when keys 10,13,14,16,20,21,25 and set keys 10,13,14,16,20,21,25 are depressed. The user can then enter margin/percentage/cash flow/rate-of-return variables through keys 29. These rate-of-return variables are stored &lt; 403 &gt; in key registers and displayed &lt; 404 &gt;. When the user finishes entering rate-of-return variables into the different key registers, the user decides if input is complete &lt; 405 &gt;. If not, the user can continue &lt; 402 &gt; to enter rate-of-return variables through keys 29. If the user decides that input is complete &lt; 405 &gt;, he/she can then depress the desired unknown/or not stored margin/percentage/cash flow/rate-of-return variable key &lt; 406 &gt;, where the calculator then determines &lt; 407 &gt; that unknown variable. If the calculator cannot determine the unknown variable because necessary variables were not previously entered &lt; 412 &gt;, the user can then enter those missing variables &lt; 402 &gt;, and then once again depress &lt; 406 &gt; the desired unknown/or not stored variable key. If the calculation is successful, the resultant variable will be stored &lt; 408 &gt; and displayed &lt; 409 &gt;; a “RUN” indicator is shown in the display when the calculation is taking place, indicating that the process is “running”. At this point, the user has the choice to solve for additional unknown rate-of-return variables &lt; 410 &gt;, or return the control to the calling routine &lt; 411 &gt;. Keys 10,13,14,16,20,21,25 and set keys 10,13,14,16,20,21,25 are used during this process, and internal variables are also assigned (see Internal Variables 1-1). Also refer to Equations Table 1-1, where any variable—for any equation—can be solved for. Stored entries can be re-displayed &lt; 404 &gt; at any time by depressing the rate-of-return key directly &lt; 406 &gt;.  
         [0066]    V. Output  
         [0067]    The calculator will display trading order size(s) by price and number of contract(s) by premium. It will also display individual option trading variables and margin/percentage/cash flow/rate-of-return variables.  
         [0068]    VI. Operation  
         [0069]    The present calculator quickly and easily processes trade order size(s) by price and number of contract(s) by premium; users can view/scroll through records in a price/or premium range using up/down arrow keys or incremental speed keys. It also processes option trading and margin/percentage/cash flow/rate-of-return variables. The calculator is powered on by depressing the ON/C key 1. Tables WN-LU, LU1,LU2, and LU3 are reset to default automatically, and counters are cleared.  
         [0070]    Examples of using the invention are below. Examples that demonstrated use of the trading order size mode were already shown above when discussing internal tables WN-LU,LU1,LU2,LU3. A few more examples will demonstrate the use of the calculator in options trading mode and rate of return mode, when determining individual variables. An equations table is listed for reference:  
                       EQUATIONS TABLE 1-1                           Internal           EQU#   Variable   EQUATION                   EQU1   FRACP =   WN + FRACIND       EQU2   ORDSZ =   FRACP/(CASH$/or TBP$/or OPT$/or MARGIN$)       EQU3   NOOPS =   ORDSZ/MULTP       EQU4   OPT14 =   (OPT1) (OPT6) (OPT12)       EQU6   OPT1 =   OPT$/(OPT6) (OPT12)       EQU8   OPT10 =   OPT1 + OPT9       EQU10   OPT10 =   {[(OPT6) (OPT12) (OPT1) + (OPT3)]/[(OPT6) (OPT12)]} + OPT9       EQU23   ROR12 =   ROR1/OPT8       EQU24   ROR13 =   (ROR7 − ROR8) (ROR9)       EQU25   ROR14 =   (ROR6/OPT8) (ROR9)       EQU26   ROR15 =   100 − ROR9/100       EQU27   OPT7 =   OPT9 + OPT5       EQU28   OPT8 =   OPT$/OPT1       EQU29   OPT8 =   OPT6 × OPT12       EQU33   OPT13 =   (OPT12) (OPT10 − OPT9)       EQU34   OPT11 =   OPT5 × OPT12       EQU36   ROR18 =   (ROR5/OPT8) (4)       EQU37   ROR20 =   ROR7 × OPT8       EQU38   ROR21 =   ROR8 × OPT8       EQU51   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 + ROR6 + ROR19 − ROR1/ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12       EQU52   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 + ROR6/ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12 × ROR15       EQU53   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 − ROR1/ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12 × ROR15       EQU54   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21/ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12 × ROR15       EQU55   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 − ROR1/ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12       EQU56   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21/ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12       EQU57   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 + ROR6 + ROR19/ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12       EQU58   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 + ROR6 + ROR19/ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12 × ROR15       EQU59   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 − ROR1 + ROR6 + ROR19/ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12 × ROR15       EQU60   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 + ROR6/ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12       EQU61   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 − ROR1 + ROR6/ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12       EQU62   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 − ROR1 + ROR6/ROR21) × 100]/60 } × 12 × ROR15       EQU5   ROR22 =   ROR4/100       EQU7   ROR23 =   ROR17/100       EQU9   ROR24 =   ROR10/100       EQU11   ROR27 =   ROR3/100       EQU63   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) ROR21 − (20) ROR6 − (20) ROR19 + (20) ROR1]/(20) OPT8       EQU64   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) (ROR21) (ROR15) − (20) (ROR6) (ROR15)]/(20) OPT8       EQU65   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) (ROR21) (ROR15) + (20) (ROR1) (ROR15)]/(20) OPT8       EQU66   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) (ROR21) (ROR15)]/(20) OPT8       EQU67   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) ROR21 + (20) ROR1]/(20) OPT8       EQU68   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) (ROR21)]/(20) OPT8       EQU69   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) ROR21 − (20) ROR6 − (20) ROR19]/(20) OPT8       EQU70   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) (ROR21) (ROR15) − (20) (ROR6) (ROR15) − (20) (ROR19) (ROR15)]/(20) OPT8       EQU71   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) (ROR21) (ROR15) − (20) (ROR6) (ROR15) − (20) (ROR19) (ROR15) + (20) ROR1) (ROR15)]/(20)               OPT8       EQU72   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) ROR21 − (20) ROR6]/(20) OPT8       EQU73   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) ROR21 − (20) ROR6 + (20) ROR1]/(20) OPT8       EQU74   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) (ROR21) (ROR15) − (20) (ROR6) (ROR15) + (20) (ROR1) (ROR15)]/(20) OPT8       EQU75   ROR11 =   [(ROR7 − ROR8) (OPT8) − ROR1] × [ROR15]       EQU76   ROR11 =   [(ROR7 − ROR8) (OPT8)] × [ROR15]       EQU77   ROR11 =   [(ROR7 − ROR8) (OPT8) − ROR1]       EQU78   ROR11 =   [(ROR7 − ROR8) (OPT8)]       EQU79   ROR3 =   [(ROR5/OPT8) (4)] × (ROR15)/ROR7       EQU80   ROR3 =   [(ROR5/OPT8) (4)]/ROR7       EQU81   ROR6 =   (ROR5/3) (ROR2) (ROR15)       EQU82   ROR6 =   (ROR5/3) (ROR2)       EQU83   ROR19 =   (ROR6 × ROR23) (ROR15)       EQU84   ROR19 =   (ROR6 × ROR23)       EQU#-#   ROR10 =   IRR % equations still being developed, and               will be added when completed.                  
 
         [0071]    [0071]                                                                       RATE OF RETURN MODE CALCULATIONS (TABLE 3-1)                Program Flow                        ROR15   ROR1   ROR19   ROR6                       EQU51, 63   =0   &gt;0   &gt;0   &gt;0           EQU52, 64   &gt;0   =0   =0   &gt;0           EQU53, 65   &gt;0   &gt;0   =0   =0           EQU54, 66   &gt;0   =0   =0   =0           EQU55, 67   =0   &gt;0   =0   =0           EQU56, 68   =0   =0   =0   =0           EQU57, 69   =0   =0   &gt;0   &gt;0           EQU58, 70   &gt;0   =0   &gt;0   &gt;0           EQU59, 71   &gt;0   &gt;0   &gt;0   &gt;0           EQU60, 72   =0   =0   =0   &gt;0           EQU61, 73   =0   &gt;0   =0   &gt;0           EQU62, 74   &gt;0   &gt;0   =0   &gt;0           EQU75   &gt;0   &gt;0   n/a   n/a           EQU76   &gt;0   =0   n/a   n/a           EQU77   =0   &gt;0   n/a   n/a           EQU78   =0   =0   n/a   n/a           EQU79   &gt;0   n/a   n/a   n/a           EQU80   =0   n/a   n/a   n/a           EQU81   &gt;0   n/a   n/a   n/a           EQU82   =0   n/a   n/a   n/a           EQU83   &gt;0   n/a   n/a   n/a           EQU84   =0   n/a   n/a   n/a                        
         [0072]    Options Trade Mode  
       EXAMPLES  
     Example 1  
       [0073]    If I want to buy 35 options at $10.00 premium, how much option money do I need? (multiplier of 100 assumed to be stored in key 12).  
                                                           EQU4   OPT14 =   (OPT1) (OPT6) (OPT12)           EQU4   OPT14 =   ($10) (35) (100) = $35,000                      
 
         [0074]    In this example, all known data would be entered by the user, stored in the associated key register, and assigned an internal variable. The user would then depress the option money key 4. At this point, the calculator would display “RUN” in display  14  (section  18 ), then calculate EQU4 and store the resultant variable assigned OPT14 to key register  13 , and also display this variable in display  14  (section  16 ). The option variable mode would be displayed in display  14  (section  20 ) along with the specific key indicator (section  21 ). Please refer to Options Trading Mode (Section III)(FIG. 1E) for more details on program flow. All other option variable mode examples below will follow this same logic.  
       Example 2  
       [0075]    If I have $30,000 in total option money, and want to buy 20 options, what does the premium need to be? (multiplier of 100 assumed to be stored in key 12).  
                                           EQU6   OPT1 =   OPT$/(OPT6) (OPT12)       EQU6   OPT1 =   $30,000/(20) (100) = $15 premium per share.                  
 
       Example 3  
       [0076]    What exercise price/or cap price do I need to reach to have “even” option money for puts and calls. My original premium was $5.00 and strike price $50.00.  
                                                           EQU8   OPT10 =   OPT1 + OPT9           EQU8   OPT10 =   $5.00 + $50.00 = $55.00                      
 
       Example 4  
       [0077]    If I want to be “in-the-money” by $15,000, what exercise price/or cap price do I need to reach? I have 12 options at a $7.00 premium and a $40.00 strike price (multiplier of 100 assumed to be stored in key 12).  
           OPT 10={[( OPT 6)( OPT 12)( OPT 1)+( OPT 3)]/[( OPT 6)( OPT 12)]}+ OPT 9  EQU10  
           OPT 10={[(12)(100)($7.00)+($15,000)]/[(12)(100)]}+$40=$59.50  EQU10  
       Example 5  
       [0078]    What will my settlement value be for an automatically exercised option with a cap interval of 23? (multiplier of 100 assumed to be stored in key 12).  
                                                           EQU34   OPT11 =   OPT5 × OPT12           EQU34   OPT11 =   23 × 100 = $2300                      
 
       Example 6  
       [0079]    What will my settlement value be for an option that is not automatically exercised? The exercise settlement value today is $55.30 and my strike price was $41.75.  
                                                           EQU33   OPT13 =   (OPT12) (OPT10 − OPT9)           EQU33   OPT13 =   (100) ($55.30 − $41.75) = $1355                      
 
         [0080]    Rate Of Return Mode  
       EXAMPLES  
     Example 1  
       [0081]    What is my FMRR rate of return (before taxes) if I sell now? My dividends are reinvested at 5%. (purchase price=$30.00/share, current price=$36.00/share, number of shares=200, avg. quarterly dividend=$100, term/months owned=60, total tax %=28%, total fees=$400).  
         [0082]    In this example, all known data would be entered by the user, stored in the associated key register, and assigned an internal variable. The user would then depress the ROR % key 13. At this point, the calculator would display “RUN” in display  14  (section  18 ), then calculate the appropriate equation selected by program flow (FIG. 1F). In this example, at the time of depression of key 13, if ROR9=0, ROR1&gt;0, ROR19&gt;0, and ROR6&gt;0, then equation EQU11 would be calculated by program flow (FIG. 1F) and resultant variable assigned ROR4 to key register  13 . This variable would be displayed in display  14  (sections  16 , 17 , 20 , 21 ). Please refer to Rate of Return Mode Section IV for more details on program flow and key depression sequence. Other examples for FMRR rate of return follow this same logic, depending on whether ROR9, ROR1, ROR19, and ROR6 are &gt; or =to zero (refer to FIG. 1F and EQU51-62).  
                                           EQU51   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 + ROR6 + ROR19 − ROR1/               ROR21) × 100]/60} × 12       EQU51   ROR4 =   {[($7200 − $6000 + $2000 + $100 − $400/$6000) ×               100]/60} × 12 = 9.66% annualized rate of return       EQU15   ROR6 =   (ROR5/3) (ROR2) = (100/3) (60) = $2000       EQU37   ROR20 =   ROR7 × OPT8 = $36 × 200 = $7200       EQU38   ROR21 =   ROR8 × OPT8 = $30 × 200 = $6000       EQU35   ROR19 =   ROR6 × ROR23 = $2000 × .05 = $100       EQU7   ROR23 =   ROR17/100 = 5%/100 = .05                  
 
       Example 2  
       [0083]    What is my FMRR rate of return, without fees and after taxes, if I sell now? My dividends are not reinvested. (purchase price=$30.00/share, current price=$36.00/share, number of shares=200, avg. quarterly dividend=$100, term/months owned=60, total tax %=28%, total fees=$400).  
         [0084]    Similar to Example 7 above, all known data would be entered by the user, stored in the associated key register, and assigned an internal variable. The user would then depress the ROR % key 13. At this point, the calculator would display “RUN” in display  14  (section  18 ), then calculate the appropriate equation selected by program flow (FIG. 1F). In this example, at the time of depression of key 13, if ROR9&gt;0, ROR1=0, ROR19=0, and ROR6&gt;0, then equation EQU12 would be calculated by program flow (FIG. 1F) and resultant variable assigned ROR4 to key register  13 . This variable would be displayed in display  14  (sections  16 , 17 , 20 , 21 ). Please refer to Rate of Return Mode Section IV for more details on program flow and key depression sequence. Other examples for FMRR rate of return follow this same logic, depending on whether ROR9, ROR1, ROR19, and ROR6 are &gt; or =to zero (refer to FIG. 1F and EQU51-62).  
                                           EQU52   ROR4 =   {[(ROR20 − ROR21 + ROR6/ROR21) × 100]/               60} × 12 × ROR15       EQU52   ROR4 =   {[($7200 − $6000 + $2000/$6000) × 100]/60} ×               12 × .72 = 7.68%       EQU26   ROR15 =   (100 − ROR9)/100 = (100 − 28)/100 = .72       EQU15   ROR6 =   (ROR5/3) (ROR2) = (100/3) (60) = $2000       EQU37   ROR20 =   ROR7 × OPT8 = $36 × 200 = $7200       EQU38   ROR21 =   ROR8 × OPT8 = $30 × 200 = $6000                  
 
       Example 3  
       [0085]    What selling price provides my desired FMRR rate of return of 15%? 
         [0086]    My dividends are reinvested at 5%. (purchase price=$30.00/share, current price=$36.00/share, number of shares=200, avg. quarterly dividend=$100, term/months owned=60, total tax %=28%, total fees=$400).  
         [0087]    In this example, all known data would be entered by the user, stored in the associated key register, and assigned an internal variable. The user would then depress the C/PRICE key 10. At this point, the calculator would display “RUN” in display  14  (section  18 ), then calculate the appropriate equation selected by program flow (FIG. 1F). In this example, at the time of depression of key 10, if ROR9=0, ROR1&gt;0, ROR19&gt;0, and ROR6&gt;0, then equation EQU63 would be calculated by program flow (FIG. 1F) and resultant variable assigned ROR7 to key register  10 . This variable would be displayed in display  14  (sections  16 , 17 , 20 , 21 ). Please refer to Rate of Return Mode Section IV for more details on program flow and key depression sequence. Other examples for FMRR rate of return follow this same logic, depending on whether ROR9, ROR1, ROR19, and ROR6 are &gt; or =to zero (refer to FIG. 1F and EQU63-74).  
                                           EQU63   ROR7 =   [(ROR21) (ROR4) + (20) ROR21 − (20) ROR6 −               (20) ROR19 + (20) ROR1]/(20) OPT8       EQU63   ROR7 =   [($6000) (15) + (20) ($6000) − (20) ($2000) −               (20) ($100) + (20) ($400)]/(20) (200) = $44.00               per share.       EQU38   ROR21 =   ROR8 × OPT8 = $30 × 200 = $6000       EQU15   ROR6 =   (ROR5/3) (ROR2) = (100/3) (60) = $2000       EQU35   ROR19 =   ROR6 × ROR23 = $2000 × .05 = $100       EQU7   ROR23 =   ROR17/100 = 5%/100 = .05                  
 
       Example 4  
       [0088]    What is my total gain/or loss on sale, after taxes and with fees? 
         [0089]    My dividends are reinvested at 5%. (purchase price=$30.00/share, current price=$36.00/share, number of shares=200, avg. quarterly dividend=$100, term/months owned=60, total tax %=28%, total fees=$400).  
         [0090]    In this example, all known data would be entered by the user, stored in the associated key register, and assigned an internal variable. The user would then depress the G/L set key 16. At this point, the calculator would display “RUN” in display  14  (section  18 ), then calculate the appropriate equation selected by program flow (FIG. 1F). In this example, at the time of depression of set key 16, if ROR9&gt;0, ROR1&gt;0, then equation EQU75 would be calculated by program flow (FIG. 1F) and resultant variable assigned ROR11 to key register set  16 . This variable would be displayed in display  14  (sections  16 , 17 , 20 , 21 ). Please refer to Rate of Return Mode Section IV for more details on program flow and key depression sequence. Other examples for total gain/loss follow this same logic, depending on whether ROR9 and ROR1 are &gt; or =to zero (refer to FIG. 1F and EQU75-78).  
                                           EQU75   ROR11 =   [(ROR7 − ROR8) (OPT8) − ROR1] ×               [ROR15]       EQU75   ROR11 =   [($36 − $30) (200) − $400] × (.72) = $576.00       EQU26   ROR15 =   (100 − ROR9)/100 = (100 − 28)/100 = .72                  
 
       Example 5  
       [0091]    What is my current yield on dividends after taxes? 
         [0092]    My dividends are reinvested at 5%. (purchase price=$30.00/share, current price=$36.00/share, number of shares=200, avg. quarterly dividend=$100, term/months owned=60, total tax %=28%, total fees=$400).  
         [0093]    In this example, all known data would be entered by the user, stored in the associated key register, and assigned an internal variable. The user would then depress the YLD % key 16. At this point, the calculator would display “RUN” in display  14  (section  18 ), then calculate the appropriate equation selected by program flow (FIG. 1F). In this example, at the time of depression of key 16, if ROR9&gt;0, then equation EQU79 would be calculated by program flow (FIG. 1F) and resultant variable assigned ROR3 to key register  16 . This variable would be displayed in display  14  (sections  16 , 17 , 20 , 21 ). Please refer to Rate of Return Mode Section IV for more details on program flow and key depression sequence. Other examples for yield % follow this same logic, depending on whether or not ROR9 is &gt; or =to zero (refer to FIG. 1F and EQU79-80).  
                                           EQU79   ROR3 =   [(ROR5/OPT8) (4)] × (ROR15)/ROR7       EQU79   ROR3 =   [(100/200) (4)] × (.72)/$36 = 4%       EQU26   ROR15 =   (100 − ROR9)/100 = (100 − 28)/100 = .72                  
 
       Example 6  
       [0094]    What are my total dividends received after taxes? 
         [0095]    My dividends are reinvested at 5%. (purchase price=$30.00/share, current price=$36.00/share, number of shares=200, avg. quarterly dividend=$100, term/months owned=60, total tax %=28%, total fees=$400).  
         [0096]    In this example, all known data would be entered by the user, stored in the associated key register, and assigned an internal variable. The user would then depress the DVD$ key 20. At this point, the calculator would display “RUN” in display  14  (section  18 ), then calculate the appropriate equation selected by program flow (FIG. 1F). In this example, at the time of depression of key 20, if ROR9&gt;0, then equation EQU81 would be calculated by program flow (FIG. 1F) and resultant variable assigned ROR6 to key register  20 . This variable would be displayed in display  14  (sections  16 , 17 , 20 , 21 ). Please refer, to Rate of Return Mode Section IV for more details on program flow and key depression sequence. Other examples for total dividends follow this same logic, depending on whether or not ROR9 is &gt; or =to zero (refer to FIG. 1F and EQU81-82).  
                                           EQU81   ROR6 =   (ROR5/3) (ROR2) (ROR15)       EQU81   ROR6 =   ($100/3) (60) (.72) = $1440.00       EQU26   ROR15 =   (100 − ROR9)/100 = (100 − 28)/100 = .72                  
 
       Example 7  
       [0097]    What is my total dividend reinvested income after taxes? 
         [0098]    My dividends are reinvested at 5%. (purchase price=$30.00/share, current price=$36.00/share, number of shares=200, avg. quarterly dividend=$100, term/months owned=60, total tax %=28%, total fees=$400).  
         [0099]    In this example, all known data would be entered by the user, stored in the associated key register, and assigned an internal variable. The user would then depress the DVD INC key 14. At this point, the calculator would display “RUN” in display  14  (section  18 ), then calculate the appropriate equation selected by program flow (FIG. 1F). In this example, at the time of depression of key 14, if ROR9&gt;0, then equation EQU83 would be calculated by program flow (FIG. 1F) and resultant variable assigned ROR19 to key register  14 . This variable would be displayed in display  14  (sections  16 , 17 , 20 , 21 ). Please refer to Rate of Return Mode Section IV for more details on program flow and key depression sequence. Other examples for total dividend reinvested income follow this same logic, depending on whether or not ROR9 is &gt; or =to zero (refer to FIG. 1F and EQU83-84).  
                                                           EQU83   ROR19 =   (ROR6 × ROR23) (ROR15)           EQU83   ROR19 =   ($2000 × .05) (.72) = $72.00           EQU82   ROR6 =   (ROR5/3) (ROR2) = (100/3) (60) = $2000           EQU7   ROR23 =   ROR17/100 = 5%/100 = .05           EQU26   ROR15 =   (100 − ROR9)/100 = (100 − 28)/100 = .72                      
 
       Example 8  
       [0100]    What is my internal rate of return after taxes if I sell now? 
         [0101]    My dividends are reinvested at 5%. (purchase price=$30.00/share, current price=$36.00/share, number of shares=200, avg. quarterly dividend=$100, term/months owned=60, total tax %=28%, total fees=$400).  
         [0102]    In this example, all known data would be entered by the user, stored in the associated key register, and assigned an internal variable. The user would then depress the IRR % set key 13. At this point, the calculator would display “RUN” in display  14  (section  18 ), then calculate the appropriate equation selected by program flow. (FIG. 1F) The resultant variable assigned ROR10 would be stored in key register set  13 . This variable would be displayed in display  14  (sections  16 , 17 , 20 , 21 ). Please refer to Rate of Return Mode Section IV for more details on program flow and key depression sequence. Other examples for internal rate of return follow this same logic (refer to FIG. 1F and EQU#-EQU#).  
         [0103]    Note: *IRR % equations still being developed, and will be added on completion.  
         [0104]    VII. Conclusion  
         [0105]    The manner and process of making the invention will follow traditional handheld calculator manufacturing processes including overall circuit board design, layout, prototype, and construction. The best mode contemplated in order to carry out the invention will be to obtain patents, and then license these patents to leading specialty calculator manufacturers who are experts in bringing handheld calculators to market. The above description is that of a preferred embodiment of the invention. Various changes and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and broader aspects of the invention as set forth in the appended claims, which are to be interpreted in accordance with the principles of patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents.