Abstract:
A bicycle wheel system includes a hub assembly having a body, a collet within the body; a first hub mating member; a second hub mating member; wherein each of the hub mating members have either a surface pattern or an engagement member; and torque transfer flanges at each end of the body. A first axle assembly includes a first axle; either a surface pattern or an engagement member; and a torque transfer flange. A second axle assembly includes a second axle; either a surface pattern or an engagement member; a gear collet; and a ratchet gear drive, with the ratchet gear drive having a torque transfer flange. The surface patterns and engagement members are arranged for selective locking engagement with one another to join the hub assembly, first axle assembly, and second axle assembly together. A locking release mechanism controls the engagement of the surface patterns and engagement members.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to bicycles and more specifically to an improved wheel system for bicycles. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Bicycle wheel functionality can be applied in numerous ways for a range of different applications directed towards consumer use or high-performance sporting configurations that require a range of physical and mechanical attributes. For this reason many different wheel types make up a spectrum of wheel types dedicated to different applications. 
     Conventional bicycles require specific wheels dedicated to front and rear wheel operations, each having different bearing, spacing, and mounting arrangements to accommodate the drive train on a rear wheel and the front fork. Conventional bicycle hubs consist of a fixed body rotating around an axle which is attached to a bicycle frame using a quick release or nut fastening system. Conventional wheel systems use a single purpose fixed hub and permanently connected rim to hub wire spoke connection setups. Bicycle spoke technology also has a wide range of configurations and applications such as radial or crossover patterns dedicated to different performance and stability characteristics. Conventional rim systems depend on perpendicular tension for stability. 
     Progress in communication is becoming a large part of any sport. Currently all communication systems require power and modern bicycle use battery power to manage most communication functions. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     An object is to provide an improved bicycle wheel system for enhancement of the construction, fabrication, function, manufacture, performance and metrics of a bicycle wheel applied to any bicycle. 
     Another object is to provide a multifunctional bicycle wheel that may be fitted to a bicycle using wheel rotation as a means of fitting or removing the wheel independent of the drive and can be used for front and rear operation. 
     Another object is to provide a method of using variable and interchangeable multi-spoke configuration molded, fabricated, machined or manufactured as single spoke component as a means of connecting a bicycle hub to bicycle rim. 
     Another object is to create a rapid modular interchangeable method of connecting different bicycle rims on a bicycle wheel. 
     Another object is to provide a sensory and communication system for electric power generation and CPU data computation, sensory and metrics application. 
     Another object is to provide a wheel system that enables the bicycle wheel to be removable from the bicycle frame, wheel axle and drive system by means of a locking system powered by wheel rotation and latched through a mechanical release mechanism located on the bicycle wheel hub. 
     Another object is to provide a wheel system with a universal spoke flange system that accommodates a range of structural connection methods for a range of bicycle wheel solutions. 
     Another object is to provide a wheel system that provides local communication, power hub processing for the purposes of data transfer and frequency based connections with external and internal electronic sensors and other electronic devices. 
     Another object is to provide a wheel system that enables the drive system to be permanently fixed on the bike frame enabling the drive train to remain uninterrupted during the wheel change and which accommodates a variety sprocket configurations for free wheel or fixed wheel applications. 
     Another object is to provide a wheel system that incorporates a method of ensuring a structural connection between composite material and a single spoke mount flange. 
     Another object is to provide a wheel system which incorporates a method of creating a physical and structural connection between the spoke and a rim mount flange. 
     Another object is to provide a wheel system that incorporates a method of adjusting tension between a spoke and a rim flange. 
     Another object is to provide a wheel system that incorporates a modular mechanical fastening element between a single spoke and rim connection. 
     Another object is to provide a wheel system that incorporates modular single spoke attachment methods for interchangeability of spoke and rim systems. 
     In accordance with one or more objects of the invention, there is provided a bicycle wheel system that includes a hub assembly having a body, a collet within the body; a first hub mating member; a second hub mating member; wherein each of the hub mating members have either a surface pattern or an engagement member; and torque transfer flanges at each end of the body. A first axle assembly includes a first axle; either a surface pattern or an engagement member; and a torque transfer flange. A second axle assembly includes a second axle; either a surface pattern or an engagement member; a gear collet; and a ratchet gear drive, with the ratchet gear drive having a torque transfer flange. The surface patterns and engagement members are arranged for selective locking engagement with one another to join the hub assembly, first axle assembly, and second axle assembly together. A locking release mechanism controls the engagement of the surface patterns and engagement members. 
     There is also provided an electrical power generating system for a bicycle wheel having a coaxial hub and collet arrangement, wherein the hub rotates with the bicycle wheel and the collet does not rotate with the wheel, that includes an axle generator with a microprocessor; and at least one excitation coil. A rotating sensor is connected and rotates with the body during movement of the bicycle wheel is provided with a magnet array. Rotation of the rotating sensor around the axle generator results in a magnetic field being created by the magnet array and induces an electric current in the excitation coils for powering the microprocessor. 
     These aspects are merely illustrative of the innumerable aspects associated with the present invention and should not be deemed as limiting in any manner. These and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the referenced drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Reference is now made more particularly to the drawings, which illustrate the best presently known mode of carrying out the invention and wherein similar reference characters indicate the same parts throughout the views. 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded perspective view of a three part axle system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 1A  is a partial cutaway view of the axle system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 1B  is an exploded partial cutaway view of the axle system of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
         FIG. 1C  is an exploded partial cutaway view of invention hub collet suitable for use in the axle system of  FIGS. 1-1B . 
         FIG. 2  is partial cutaway assembly view of a drive axle assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 2A  is an exploded partial cutaway view of a gear collet for use in the drive axle assembly of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 3  is a partial cutaway view of a drive axle assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 3A  is an exploded partial cutaway view of a gear collet for use in the drive axle assembly of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 4  is invention partial section assembly view of the axle assembly of  FIGS. 1-1C . 
         FIG. 4A  is an exploded partial section view of the axle assembly of  FIGS. 1-1C . 
         FIG. 5  is a partial cutaway assembly view of a drive axle assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 5A  is an exploded partial cutaway view of the axle assembly of  FIG. 5 . 
         FIG. 6  is a partial cutaway assembly view of a drive axle assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 6A  is an exploded partial cutaway view of the axle assembly of  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 7  is an exploded partial cutaway view of a drive axle and single spoke flange assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 7A  is an exploded view of a rim mount screw for use with a single spoke flange assembly as in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 7B  is a perspective view of a ball plunger for use in a drive axle assembly as in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 8  is an exploded perspective view of wheel system according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 12A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 12 . 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 13A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 13 . 
         FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 14A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 14 . 
         FIG. 15  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 15A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 15 . 
         FIG. 16  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 16A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 16 . 
         FIG. 17  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 17A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 17 . 
         FIG. 18  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 18A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 18 . 
         FIG. 19  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 19A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 19 . 
         FIG. 20  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 20A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 20 . 
         FIG. 21  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 21A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 21 . 
         FIG. 22  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 22A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 22 . 
         FIG. 23  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 23A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 23 . 
         FIG. 24  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 24A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 24 . 
         FIG. 25  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 25A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 25 . 
         FIG. 26  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 26A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 26 . 
         FIG. 27  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 27A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 27 . 
         FIG. 28  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 28A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 28 . 
         FIG. 29  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 29A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 29 . 
         FIG. 30  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 30A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 30 . 
         FIG. 31  is a perspective view of a spoke for use in a single spoke assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 31A  is a partial cutaway front view of the spoke of  FIG. 31 . 
         FIG. 32  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 33  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 34  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 35  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 36  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 37  is perspective views of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 38  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 39  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 40  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 41  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 42  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 43  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 44  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 45  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 46  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 47  is a perspective view of a spoke mount arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 48  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 48A  is an exploded cutaway view of the rim connecting arrangement of  FIG. 48 . 
         FIG. 48B  is a section view of the rim connecting arrangement of  FIGS. 48 and 48B . 
         FIG. 48C  is an exploded view of a rim incorporating the rim connecting arrangement of  FIGS. 48-48B . 
         FIG. 48D  is an assembly view of the rim of  FIG. 48C . 
         FIG. 49  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 50  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 51  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 52  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 53  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 54  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 55  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 56  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 57  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 58  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 59  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 60  is a partial cutaway perspective view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 61  is a perspective exploded view of a rim connecting arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 62  is a partial cutaway assembly view of an axle assembly according to another embodiment incorporating a conventional quick release system. 
         FIG. 62A  is a perspective exploded cut away view of the axle assembly of  FIG. 62 . 
         FIG. 63  is a partial cutaway view of an axle assembly according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 63A  is an assembly view of a wheel incorporating the axle assembly of  FIG. 63 . 
         FIG. 64  is an assembly view of a wheel incorporating a spoke arrangement according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 64A  is a perspective exploded view of the wheel of  FIG. 64 . 
         FIG. 65  is an assembly view of a wheel incorporating a spoke arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 66  is an assembly view of a wheel incorporating a spoke arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 67  is an assembly view of a wheel incorporating a spoke arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 68  is an assembly view of a wheel incorporating a spoke arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 68A  is a perspective exploded view of the wheel of  FIG. 68 . 
         FIG. 69  is an assembly view of a wheel incorporating a spoke arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 70  is an assembly view of a wheel incorporating a spoke arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 70A  is an exploded perspective view of the wheel of  FIG. 70 . 
         FIG. 71  is an assembly view of a wheel incorporating a spoke arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 72  is an exploded perspective view of a wheel incorporating a spoke arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 73  is an exploded perspective view of a wheel incorporating a spoke arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 74  is an exploded perspective view of a wheel incorporating a spoke arrangement according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 75  is an exploded perspective view of an axle assembly incorporating a wheel sensor according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 75A  is a partial cutaway view of a hub collect for use in an axle assembly as in  FIG. 75 . 
         FIG. 75B  is invention partial cutaway view of a wheel sensor for use in an axle assembly as in  FIG. 75 . 
         FIG. 75C  is a partial assembly view of a wheel sensor for use in an axle assembly as in  FIG. 75 . 
         FIG. 75D  is a partial assembly view of a wheel sensor for use in an axle assembly as in  FIG. 75 . 
         FIG. 76  is a partial cutaway view of invention strain gauge for a wheel sensor as incorporated into a hub flange according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 76A  is an exploded perspective view of the strain gauge/flange assembly of  FIG. 76 . 
         FIG. 76B  is a partial cutaway view of the pin/hollow body/locking rivet assembly of  FIGS. 76 and 76A . 
         FIG. 77  is a partial cutaway view of an axle assembly incorporating a wheel generator according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 77A  is a partial cut away view of the wheel generator of  FIG. 77 . 
         FIG. 78  is a partial cutaway view of an axle assembly incorporating a wheel generator according to another embodiment. 
         FIG. 78A  is an exploded view of the wheel generator/hub flange arrangement of the axle assembly of  FIG. 78 . 
         FIG. 79  is a system schematic for a wheel system incorporating a microprocessor and/or generator system according to an embodiment. 
         FIG. 80  is a system schematic for a wheel system incorporating a microprocessor and/or generator system according to another embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following detailed description numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. For example, the invention is not limited in scope to the particular type of industry application depicted in the figures. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention. 
     Embodiments of a bicycle wheel system are illustrated throughout the figures.  FIGS. 1-1C  illustrate a three part axle system consisting of a hub assembly A, a frame axle assembly B, a drive axle assembly C. The system also includes a single spoke flange assembly D and a rim connection assembly E. 
     The hub assembly includes a hub body  8  that provides a mounting journal to accommodate bearing collets  9 . The bearing collets  9  are provided with an inner flange that can be press fit or adhesively bonded to the hub body  8  and with an outer flange that is a dodecagon mounting flange and compatible with the spoke flanges  10  and  14 . The bearing collets  9  are drive flanges for spoke flanges  10  and  14 . Bearings  7  are mounted in the bearing collets  9  to provide independent rotation between the hub body  8  and a hub collet  5  mounted within the hub body  8 . The hub collet  5  is an independent parallel rotating inner axle and linear actuating bearing surface and accommodates a hub lock assembly. 
       FIG. 1C  illustrates the hub collet  5 . The hub collet  5  includes a hub lock anchor  1  which slides in the hub collet  5  and has a square shank for engagement with a corresponding square shank at the other end of the hub collet  5 . A hub lock  2  is provided in the form of a round bayonet receptacle that is fastened to the hub lock anchor  1  with a screw  4 . An actuator spring  3  is inserted around the hub lock anchor  1  and retained by a flange and maintains a normally open condition when the opposite end is anchored on the hub collet  5 . Once assembled, the hub lock anchor  1  and hub lock  2  mounted in the hub collet become a spring-loaded actuator. When assembled inside the hub collet, a horizontal motion extends the hub lock  2  to a fully extended position. 
     The frame axle assembly B is a frame mounted axle system that includes a bayonet axle lock flange or receptacle  35  which interlocks with the hub lock  2 . The assembly is provided with a frame axle  29  each has a key shoulder and retaining flange for the purposes of retaining the bayonet axle lock flange  35 . The bayonet axle lock flange  35  has an internal matching socket and mating surface with the hub lock  2 . Three hub lock pins  36  are press fit into a counterbored hole three pin 120° radial pattern perpendicular to the axis of the frame axle assembly B. These hub lock pins  36  protrude through the internal surface of the bayonet axle lock flange  35  journal and engage corresponding slots in the hub lock  2 . When rotated relative to one another, the hub lock  2  and bayonet axle lock flange  35  interlock with one another. A wheel lock  33  slides on a pin retainer bushing  37  which is a linear bearing. A tension spring  34  is positioned on a bearing flange of wheel lock  33  and a flange face of the pin retainer bushing  37 . The pin retainer bushing  37  is press fit onto the bayonet axle lock flange  35  and encapsulates hub lock pins  36 . Bayonet axle lock flange  35  has a concave gripper surface which is used to manually retract the locking assembly against a covered tension spring  30 . The wheel lock  33  is held normally open or fully extended by the tension spring  34  and when pushed forward the decagon flange engages and locks the drive flange  14  so that manual wheel rotation locks the bayonet axle lock flange  35  and hub lock  2  together. 
     The drive axle assembly C includes a drive axle  18  mounted independently on the frame of the bicycle. Drive axle  18  is the mounting journal for a ratchet drive mount  21 . A bearing  22  is positioned between the shaft of the drive axle and the ratchet drive mount  21  to facilitate free rotation of these parts. Horizontal pawl fingers  24  are mounted in ratchet drive mount  21  within corresponding sockets. Ten pawl fingers  24  pivot in their mounting sockets at the base of ratchet drive mount  21 . The pawl fingers  24  engage with a magnetized ratchet gear  25  and transfer torque and mechanical drive between the magnetized ratchet gear  25  and the ratchet drive mount  21 . The magnetized ratchet gear  25  is mounted inside the gear collet  27 . The magnetized ratchet gear  25  provides a magnetic attractive force drawing the pawl fingers  24  into a reciprocal ratchet gear profile which drives in one direction and freewheels in the opposing direction. The magnetized ratchet gear  25  decagon reciprocal outer flange fits into gear collet  27  transfers torque through the gear collet  27 . Ball bearings  28  are mounted between a shoulder of the drive axle  18  and an internal journal of the gear collet  27  to enhance rotational movement of the gear collet  27 . Drive axle  18  has a shoulder flange with an interlocking bayonet flange on its end. Its mirrored counterpart provides a retaining force which allows all the components in the assembly to move freely and attached to the bicycle frame with a locking nut  20 . Drive axle  18  also has a flange an interlocking female bayonet mounting receptacle on its end. Drive axle  18  is a male counterpart to the hub collet  5 , and the two pieces interlock when the hub and axle locks are connected. The reciprocal bayonet connection is made when the interlocking bayonet flange of the drive axle  18  engages the hub collet  5  and the locking pins  6  perform a cam lock mechanical connection. 
     An alternate drive axle assembly is illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 2A . This embodiment also utilizes the drive axle  18 . In this case, though, the drive axle engages ratchet freewheel drive  40 . Pawl fingers  41  are pivotally mounted in the ratchet freewheel drive  40 . A reciprocal decagon flanged perpendicular ratchet gear collet  45  rotates around the drive axle  18  through a bearing  28  mounted inside the ratchet gear collet  45 . The ratchet gear collet  45  is magnetized to attract the free ends of the pawl fingers  41 . The decagon flange of the ratchet gear collet forms a cooperative connection between the ratchet freewheel drive  40  and the gear collet  27  and forms a freewheel hub connection to transfer torque from the gear collet  27 . The perpendicular pawl fingers  41  engage with the magnetized perpendicular ratchet gear  45 , which is mounted inside gear collet  27 . The magnetized ratchet gear  45  attracts and engages the pawl fingers  41  and, in doing so, forms a reciprocal ratchet gear that delivers torque from the drive flange  41  to the gear collet  27 . The face of the ratchet gear collet  45  has a series of ramped teeth to engage the pawl fingers  41 . When rotation of the parts occurs in one direction, the attracted pawl fingers  41  engage the vertical edges of these ramped teeth. In the opposite direction, the pawl fingers  41  pivot to pass by the inclined, ramped portions of the teeth. Thus, positive drive and torque transfer is produced in one direction and freewheel in the opposing direction. 
     The gear collet  27  also rotates freely on the drive axle  18  through deep groove ball bearings  28  which are mounted on the shoulder of the drive axle  18  and the internal flange of the gear collet  27 , as in the previous embodiment. An axle flange  42  and lock nut  43  mounted on the shoulder of the frame axle  18  provide a retaining force which allows all the components in the assembly to move freely and attached to the bicycle frame with a locking nut  20 . As in the previous embodiment, the drive axle  18  has a flange and bayonet mounting receptacle which interlocks with the hub axle  5 . 
     Another embodiment of the drive axle assembly is shown in  FIGS. 3 and 3A . Again, the assembly includes the drive axle  18 , which is inserted into a ratchet freewheel drive  45  with a bushing  44  between the two pieces. The face of the ratchet freewheel drive  45  is provided with a series of ramped teeth. A rotary ratchet gear  47  is similarly provided with a face having a series of ramped teeth and is intended to engage the matching face of the ratchet freewheel drive  45 . The rotary ratchet gear is provided with a decagon collet to facilitate engagement with the interior of the gear collet  27 . A spring  48  acts on the rotary ratchet gear to force its toothed face against that of the ratchet freewheel drive  45 . The corresponding tooth profiles of these two pieces interlock to provide positive drive in one direction and freewheel in the opposite direction. An axle flange  42  and lock nut  43  mounted on the shoulder of the frame axle  18  provide a retaining force which allows all the components in the assembly to move freely and attached to the bicycle frame with a locking nut  20 . 
     Another embodiment is illustrated in  FIGS. 5 and 5A . Bearing  58  are mounted between a solid hub  57  and a hub collet  59 . The hub collet  59  has a flange on the drive side for the purposes of retaining one of the bearings  58 . The opposite side of the hub collet  59  has a threaded lock nut  62  to retain the opposite bearing  58 . Hub collet  59  provides a linear bearing surface enabling a hub locks  55  and  60  to remain fully extended by an actuation spring  56 . Hub locks  55  and  60  consist of an interlocking four start box thread screw. The hub lock mating receptacle  54  and  50  connect to a drive axle  51  and a frame axles, respectively. A wheel lock  61  when triggered locks the motion of hub collet  58  to the hub  59  enabling wheel rotation to engage or disengage the hub lock screws at each end of the hub. Drive axle  51  is mounted to the bicycle frame and actuator spring  53  allows hub lock mating receptacle  54  to slide backwards and forwards and engage with its corresponding hub lock  55  via a mating bayonet locking thread. 
     The drive axle assembly is mounted on the bicycle frame but is also a bearing journal for a gear collet  27  which is designed to accommodate a gear cassette or fixed wheel sprockets system. The gear collet  27  is fitted to the drive axle  19  and rotates on two deep groove bearings  28  that facilitate freewheel rotation. This embodiment utilizes the same magnetized ratchet gear  25  described above in combination with pawl fingers  24  to transfer torque. 
       FIGS. 6 and 6A  illustrate a variation to the preceding embodiment. A solid body hub  69  connects to a spline drive mount flange  68  and  74 . The hub collet comprises of a two-part center threaded interlocking screws  73  and  82  that float inside the hub  69 . The hub lock screws  82  and  73  are mounted between hub collet sleeves  72  and  70 . The hub lock screws  73  and  82  are screw connected and, when locked by axle lock  71 , wheel rotation actuates the threaded screws in opposing directions. The drive axle assembly is mounted to a bike frame and a bearing  83  is mounted in a drive splined flange  67  is the load bearing wheel mounting once connected to drive mount flange  68 . The frame axle  81  has a counter thread which interlocks with its reciprocating hub lock  73 . Drive axle  81  has a spring  77  loaded bearing collet  76  which also has a load bearing spline flange  75  wheel mounting which interlocks with a drive mount flange  74 . A spring  77  loaded bearing collet  75  slides on a frame mount retaining sleeve  78  the bearing mounted between retaining sleeve  78  and a splined bearing flange  75  provides a freely rotating splined connection mounting between the rotating bearing flanges  75 . The drive axle assembly also uses a frame axle bearing  83  which supports the gear collet  85 . 
     In an alternate embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 7-7B , the system includes a solid body hub  93 . The hub  93  retains bearings  101  at each end. A hub collet  92  has an inner race on each end to accommodate bearing  101 . The hub  93  has a dodecagon outer mounting flange to facilitate mating with corresponding faces of drive flanges  207  on each side of the hub  93 . The drive mount flanges  207  are an independent spoke mounting drive and spoke connection flange system. The bearings  101  provide independent rotation between the hub  93  and the hub collet  92 . 
     A hub lock activator  99  is held open by spring  97  and retained in the hub  93  by a press fitted bushing  100 . When depressed, the hub lock activator  99  locks hub collet  92  and hub  93  together. A hub lock  94  is formed by a precision ground shaft with a straight ball key groove machined into an intermediate portion of its outer surface and a three start bayonet locking groove on each end. The ball key groove of the hub lock  94  is precision ground parallel linear spline actuator. The three start 45° long pitch ball thread provides an actuation motion when the hub lock  94  is driven into a bayonet locking receptacle  91 . A ball plunger  104 , as shown in  FIG. 7B , is threaded into hub collet  93  and runs in three parallel grooves locking actuating motion between the hub collet  92  and the hub lock  94 . Another ball plunger  95  is threaded in a second bayonet locking receptacle associated with a frame axle  96 , thereby allowing the three 45° inter locking action to occur at each end. 
     The hub lock activator  99  locks the hub  93  and hub collet  92  together. Subsequently, hand rotation of the hub  93  provides a horizontal 180° linear telescoping actuation motion in opposing directions engaging the bayonet axle locks on both ends. Frame axle  96  and drive axle  90  both use ball plungers  95  and  104  to perform the bayonet thread lock action once the linear telescoping actuation drives the ends of the hub lock  94  into their female counterparts  91  and  96 . 
       FIG. 7  also illustrates an embodiment of a single spoke flange assembly. Spoke mounts  207  are provided with an opening to accept a journal mounted spoke connect  171  that is secured in place by an anchor pin  208 . The spoke connect  171  is a metal or molded composite connection to which a spoke  121  is adhesively bonded. A rim connect  180  is adhesively bonded to the same carbon spoke  121  and connected to an interchangeable rim mount  230  by screws  106 . A tension screw  107  attaches the single spoke assembly D comprising of spoke mount  207 , spoke connect  171  spoke  121  rim connect  180  and rim mount  232  to make a single spoke mounting system. The tension screws  107  pre-load spoke tensions ensuring that the bicycle rim  112  is running true. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a wheel system incorporating selected embodiments discussed above. It includes a hub assembly  111 , frame axle assembly  113 , drive axle assembly  108 , gear cassette  109 , rim  112 , and a single spoke flange assembly as described above. 
     This single spoke flange assembly is a pre-configured component that is interchangeable and interconnectable with different wheel configurations. The spoke mount  207  is the interconnecting element between the hub and the rim and accommodates many variables and alternatives ranging from conventional to carbon spokes. The spoke mount  207  connection can be flexible, fixed or solidly molded. The spoke mount  207  has a drive flange and a hub flange and its connection to a spoke configurations are applied in many different alternatives and described in other embodiments. Carbon spokes  121  can be adhesively attached to spoke connects  171  and rim connects  108  accommodating a variety of connection systems also described in following embodiments. The rim mount  230  is an interchangeable rim connection method which ties a spoke to the rim  112 . 
     Note that while the single spoke flange assembly is preferably utilized with the hub, drive axle, and frame axle assembly embodiments discussed above, it can also be used with conventional hub arrangements, such as conventional quick release hubs, as shown in  FIG. 62 . The spokes used in the single spoke assembly can take a variety of forms, and examples are illustrated in  FIGS. 9 through 31A . These include round tubular or carbon fiber spokes adhesively bonded using a male or female socketed connection systems ( FIG. 9 ); tubular aerodynamically profiled carbon fiber spokes adhesively bonded using a male or female socketed connection systems ( FIG. 10 ); tubular elliptical profile carbon fiber spokes adhesively bonded using a male or female socketed connection systems ( FIG. 11 ); or elliptical aerodynamic and profiled carbon fiber spokes that transition to a round connection at the opposing end with threaded or nut molded receptacles ( FIG. 12 ). 
       FIGS. 13 and 13A  illustrate a rim connect  125  that is a half spherical headed socketed fastener with a tapered shoulder and flat wrench surfaces for fastening or tensioning purposes. The internal threaded socketed body provides fastening and tensioning adjustment through a socket which has screw head  126  adhesively bonded to a round spoke  120  on one end. The other end has a half spherical split bushing  127  designed for mounting in a spherical detachable rim or hub mount connection socket. 
       FIGS. 14 and 14A  illustrate a spoke having a tapered shoulder and a fixed point pivot mounting rim connect  120  to facilitate attachment of a single spoke to a rim or hub.  FIGS. 15 and 15A  shows a tapered self-aligning swivel head  130  fitted to a round spoke  120 . The same self-inserting swivel  127  bushing used in  FIG. 13  blocks and retains the swivel head after insertion inside the receptacle spherical socket  129 . The swivel head  130  is retained and rotates inside the split Bush&#39;s  127 . The arrangement can be utilized a rim or spoke mount. 
       FIGS. 16 and 16A  illustrate a spoke with a swivel rim connect  131  that rotates in a base screw mounting socket that adhesively bonded to a socket mount round spoke  120 . This connection system can be applied to any single spoke system will for the purposes of rim or hub connection. The tapered wrench faced shoulder facilitates fastening or tensioning.  FIGS. 17 and 17A  illustrate a spoke with a rim connect  132  that is a machined or forged fixed base screw headed structural component adhesively bonded to a socket mount round spoke  8  for the purposes of attaching a single spoke to a rim or hub connect.  FIGS. 18 and 18A  show a spoke with a rim swivel bearing connect  131  that is mounted on a fixed swivel base socket adhesively bonded round spoke  120 . The tapered shoulder and flat wrench surfaces enable fastening or tensioning of attaching a single spoke to a rim or hub connect. 
       FIGS. 19 and 19A  illustrate a spoke with a threaded socket lock nut  134  that allows a tension screw  133  to retain a rim spoke mount mechanical connection. Lock nut  134  has a swivel flange and is retained in a swivel bushing  135  that is adhesively bonded to the spoke  120 . The keyed tension screw  133  is threaded into the lock nut  134 , and rotation of the swiveling lock nut  134  allows tension screw  133  to adjust spoke tension in either direction. 
       FIGS. 20 and 20A  show a spoke having a transition rim connect  136  in the form of a threaded screw secured to an aerodynamically profiled rim or spoke flange connection system that can be connected to an aerodynamically profiled or tubular spoke. This can be a molded, forged or machined or manufactured to mount to a male or female socket and adhesively bonded to a tubular carbon spoke. This system can be applied to any single spoke configuration on a rim or hub mount connection and use a standard a threaded nipple nut for fastening and tensioning. 
       FIGS. 21 and 21A  show a spoke arrangement with a rim connect  138  that is a spherical headed shoulder screw retained in a round swivel nut  137  having a counter-bored spherical mounting journal. The rim connect  138  has a spherical bearing journal head, and its shoulder is a four faced wrench surface for tensioning adjustability. A screw is attached to a fixed nut  149  that is adhesively bonded to a carbon transition  123 . A rubberized polyurethane spring  140  between carbon transition spoke  123  and a retaining flange  139  allows for maximum extension tension when this connection occurs. This T point connection enables the swivel nut  137  to self-center the spoke  123  and provide 20° of freedom. 
       FIGS. 22 and 22A  show a spoke arrangement provided with square shanked spherical nipple-nut  28  and extendable axial slide bearing retained through integrated swivel socket  32 . The swivel socket is mounted into a carbon transition  27 . A tension spring  31  enables the nipple nut  28  to be retained and to slide axially through the a swivel socket  32  so that a spring  33  is anchored on a flange  30  and swivel socket  32 , thereby maintaining maximum extension between the swivel socket  32  and nipple nut  28 . Swivel nut  29  provides a fixed radial and point allowing the spherical nipple nut  28  to self-center of and rotate in this swivel nut  29 . 
     A rim connect is provided with a square shanked spherical nipple-nut  36  and an extendable axial slide bearing retained through integrated swivel socket  33 . The swivel socket is mounted into a carbon transition  27 . A tension spring  35  enables the nipple nut  36  to be retained and slide axially through a swivel socket  33  so that a spring  35  is anchored on a flange  35  and swivel socket  33 , thereby maintaining maximum extension between the swivel socket  33  and nipple nut  36 . Swivel nut  36  provides a 60 degree freedom of rotation and can be fitted to a conventional bicycle wheel rim with connection with a split bearing bushing  37 . 
       FIGS. 23 and 23A  show a rim connect with a wrench faced nut  150  nut adhesively bonded and mounted into a carbon transition spoke  123  to accept a tensioning screw.  FIGS. 24 and 24A  illustrate a spoke arrangement with a spherical four faced wrench nut  151  that provides a tension adjustment when mounted in a rim or hub mount connection. A screw  153  is adhesively bonded to a carbon spoke transition  123  and provides tensioning screw thread adjustment. A spoke retaining flange  152  is held at full extension by a polyurethane spring  140 . 
       FIGS. 25 and 25A  illustrate a fixed slot head rim connect  154  adhesively mounted to a spoke transition  123 . An anchor pin  155  or direct adhesive bonding methods can be applied to hub or rim mount connections.  FIGS. 26 and 26A  show a spoke arrangement with a rim connect  156  with a fixed horizontal round T head swivel screw mounted to a wrench faced swivel nut  159 . The swivel nut  159  is adhesively fixed to a carbon transition  123 . A tension spring  157  maintains maximum extension between the swivel screw  156  swivel nut  159 . The T head when mounted in the hub or spoke flange mount fixes the horizontal axis and allows the perpendicular axis to rotate freely in its socket. Rotation of socket nut  158  adjusts spoke tension when rotary wrench action applied. The arrangement produces 20 degrees of freedom around its rotation axis and ensures that spoke alignment is correct when fitted to a conventional rim or hub mount. 
       FIGS. 27 and 27A  illustrate a spoke arrangement with a rim connect  160  that is a fixed horizontal round T head rim mounted to a carbon transition  123 . The round T head  160  when mounted in the hub or spoke flange mount fixes the horizontal axis allowing the perpendicular axis to rotate freely in its socket. 
       FIGS. 28 and 28A  show a spoke arrangement with a transition rim connect  162  that is a threaded screw connected to an aerodynamically profiled rim or spoke flange connection system fixed directly to an aerodynamically profiled or tubular spoke. A round T head  161  is mounted in the hub or spoke flange fixing the horizontal axis and allowing the perpendicular axis to rotate freely in its socket. Tension adjustment is accomplished by rotating the spoke. 
       FIGS. 29 and 29A  illustrate a spoke arrangement with a hub connect  163  that is provided with an aerodynamically profiled root headed tubular carbon or composite spoke  122 . The spoke can be adhesively bonded or connected by an anchor dowel-pin connection.  FIGS. 30 and 30A  show a spoke arrangement with a hub connect  164  that is provided with an elliptical cross section and is adhesively bonded or mounted to a tubular carbon or composite spoke  122 . 
       FIGS. 31 and 31A  illustrate a spoke arrangement with a hub connect  165  have a extending pivot pins  166  adhesively bonded or mounted to a tubular carbon or composite spoke  122 . 
       FIGS. 32 through 47  illustrate a variety of spoke mount and spoke connect arrangements for use in embodiments of the single spoke flange assembly. Each of the depicted spoke mounts is provided with internal and external decagon flanges for mating with hub assemblies, drive axle assemblies, and frame axle assemblies as described herein. The spoke mount  178  in  FIG. 32  is provided with radial holes for the purposes of mounting a conventional bicycle spoke. In the arrangement of  FIG. 33 , a wire spoke  179  with a flared countersunk head is retained in a counter-bored hole in each of the flat sides of the flange. The outer molding composite encapsulates all spokes in the flange creating a single spoke component assembly. 
     In  FIG. 34 , an endless spoke  181  consisting of a wire spoke threaded at each end and folded, rolled, bent or pressed so that the final angle is greater than 360° so that the ends of the spokes are connected to a rim mounts at the appropriate angle. This wrap around its center point in rolled around a circular groove and crossover pattern corresponding to a machined groove in the spoke mount  183 . The spoke  181  rolled around becomes the anchor of the spoke which is attached to the rim through a rim mount or connection and tensions using spoke nipples  182  fasten and create spoke tension In the rim mount is described in other embodiments. The 360° roll around provides a spoke crossover which provides rotational torque stability. The wraparound angle is determined by the number of spokes in a wheel configuration. All spokes  182  are pressed into the corresponding locking grooves on the spoke mount  183  surface. A press fit flange locking cap  183  permanently seals all spokes into a single spoke assembly component.  FIG. 35  shows a somewhat similar embodiment in which an endless spoke  187  consisting of a wire spoke is threaded at each end and folded, rolled, bent or pressed so that the final angle is greater than 30° or appropriate to the number spokes in the wheel divided by 360°. The ends of the spokes  187  are connected to rim mounts with this wrap around at its center point is press fitted into a corresponding machined groove on the spoke mount  185  eliminating crossover and providing rotational torque stability. The wraparound is the anchor for the spokes  187  which are attached to the rim through a rim mount or connection and tensioned using spoke nipples  186  as described in the previous embodiment.  FIG. 36  also shows an endless spoke  190  consisting of a wire spoke threaded at each end folded, rolled, bent or pressed so that the return point of the triangulated spoke  190  is at its widest point at the base of the triangle insuring that the crossover torque load is maximized. The radius at the corners of the triangle anchor points are calculated for maximum stress. The spoke crossover angle is calculated as the number spokes  190  in the wheel divided by 360°. The ends of the spokes  190  are connected to rim mounts and press fitted into a corresponding machined groove on the spoke mount  189 . A flange locking cap  102  is press fit or adhesively bonded to spoke mount  189  and locks the spokes into a single spoke assembly component. The triangulated wraparound is the anchor of both spokes which are attached to the rim through a rim mount or connection and tensioned using spoke nipples as described in the previous embodiments. 
     In  FIG. 37 , the spoke mount is formed from an internal flange  193 , which contains the decagon flanges. This is combined with a solid composite radial single spoke  192  over the internal flange. Each individual spoke in the array is fixed in position and angle and a transition rim mount  194  connection system is adhesively attached the end of each spoke in the radial array. 
       FIG. 38  illustrates an internal flange  196  with a solid composite radial single spoke  197  having spoke mounting flanges. Tubular profile carbon spokes  121  are adhesively bonded to the spoke mounting flanges.  FIG. 39  illustrates a similar embodiment with a spoke mount  198  formed with spoke mounting flanges arranged to accommodate spokes  122  by adhesive bonding. 
       FIG. 40  illustrates a one-shot molded, machined or forged spoke mount  199 . A round spoke root mounting flange accommodates a round tubular profile carbon spoke  201 , which is adhesively bonded to its root flange.  FIG. 41  shows spoke mount  201 . The outside surface of the machine mount  201  has a mounting surface perpendicular to the spoke angle and a threaded stud  200  is capacitive welded to the surface in a radial pattern. This thread root stud  200  is structurally secured by a solid composite finishing mold  202  which adds additional stability to stud  200 . A nut associated with the spokes uses the threaded stud as its tensioning and connection point. 
       FIG. 42  illustrates a one-shot molded, machined or forged spoke mount  203 . A plurality of spoke studs  203  are provided along the perimeter of the spoke mount  203 . In this case, the spoke studs  203  are arranged to accommodate elliptical or aerodynamically profiled spokes  206  that are adhesively bonded to spoke studs  203 . 
       FIG. 43  shows a one-shot molded, machined or forged spoke mount  204  with openings provided along its perimeter to accept elliptical or aerodynamically profiled spokes  121  that are adhesively bonded into the spoke mount  204 . 
       FIG. 44  shows a one-shot molded, machined or forged spoke mount  205  that is provided with radial openings along its perimeter to accept spoke connects  206  therein. The spoke connects  206  become a nonpermanent installation component. Tubular spokes  121  are adhesively connected to the spoke connects  206 . The spoke mount is also provided with transverse through holes corresponding to each radial opening. Once a spoke connect is inserted into a radial opening, an anchor pin  207  is inserted into the transverse through hole to lock the spoke connect  206  into its radial opening. 
       FIG. 45  shows a one-shot molded, machined or forged spoke mount  209 . The spoke mount  209  has a openings therein composed of intersecting radial openings and transverse through holes. This combination accommodates round swivel T nut spoke connects  210  with a spoke directly connected thereto or using a nipple nut  208  for the purposes of tensioning  FIG. 46  illustrates a similar arrangement with a spoke mount  212  having similar intersecting openings to accommodate a variation on a swivel T-nut connect  211 , which also accepts a spoke  122 . 
       FIG. 47  illustrates a one-shot molded, machined or forged spoke mount  214  having a series of horizontal molded sockets along its perimeter to again accommodate round fixed swivel T-nut connects  215 . 
       FIGS. 48 to 61  illustrate a series of embodiments of rim and rim connecting arrangements suitable for use with various embodiments of the other system components described herein. 
     The rims may be formed by interchangeable rim bodies  216  and  224 , which are molded in a two-part die. Rim bodies  216  and  224  are mirror images of one another and are adhesively bonded together to create a lightweight hollow rim component. A break rim  215  is an aluminum extrusion which is rolled in a circle and becomes an integral part of the rim assembly process. The molding process involves the use of an impression mold, which enables multiple rim bodies  216  and  214  to be manufactured in a press tool configuration using a laminate substrate to separate and create a perfect molding on both back and front surfaces. 
     Rim connect recesses are molded into the rim bodies  216  and  224  at regularly spaced intervals around the perimeters of the rim bodies  216  and  224 . These rim connect recesses have identical relief angles which facilitate a stack molding principle. To eliminate the image tooling a key time and groove seem at the bottom of the rim enables the assembly process to use a key joint to ensure a smooth surface finish when assembled. The rolled aluminum brake rim  215  has a corresponding profile which allows molded rim bodies  216  and  224  to be assembled so that only the break surface of the break rim  215  is exposed. All other surfaces are adhesively bonded and cured in the assembly process as they dovetail into the rim bodies  216  and  224 . The rim bodies  216  and  224  wrap around the brake rim  215  adding to the strength of the rim construction. The assembly process requires a press tool shaped to the outer profile of the rim and allows left and right hand side break rim  215  and rim bodies  216  and  224  to be sandwiched under pressure to create an effective adhesively bonded connection resulting in a complete assembled hollow rim. 
     Slides  221  are sandwiched between the rim bodies  216  and  224  at the rim connect recesses for additional strength when rim locks  222  and  217  are applied to the rim. As the rim locks  222  and  217  are tightened, the slides  221  are adhesively bonded to their respective carbon molded rim bodies  216  and  224 , allowing a solid cam surface to produce a perpendicular force enabling spokes to reach full tension. 
     Rim mounts  223  and  218  are secured to the rim by the rim locks  222  and  217 . The rim mounts  223  and  218  maintain a relatively uniform outer surface appearance for the rim and are arranged to match the contours of the rim connect recesses molded into the rim bodies  216  and  224 . The rim locks  217  and  222  have a counter bored hole running horizontally through so that the rim lock screw  222  engages with a rim lock nut  217 . When tightened horizontal force translates into a perpendicular force by the angular slide geometry which is perpendicular to a spoke nut  219 . 
     The rim mounts  223  and  218  have slotted recesses parallel to the cam surface of the rim connect  218  to accommodate sufficient vertical take-up when spoke nut  220  is retained in a reciprocal counter bore. A spoke connect  219 , which is inserted through the spoke nut  220 , is accommodated by a perpendicular hole in each rim mount  218  and  223 . The spoke connect  219  sets the tension of the spoke and allows rims to be changed over by removing the rim locks  217  and  222  and rim mounts  223  and  218 . When reinstalling a different rim configuration the predefined spoke tension is maintained but the take up is enabled because the cam slide and provides tensioning after installation.  FIGS. 48-48.4  illustrate this embodiment. 
       FIG. 49  illustrates another embodiment. Rim mount  226  adopts the same principles as the previous embodiment but uses an embedded rim lock  226  in a counter sunk socket mounting journal mirrored on both sides of rim  227 . The rim  227  in this embodiment is shown as a one piece design, but could be a multi-piece arrangement as described above. The rim mount  226  accommodates a spoke connect  164  mounted in a socket mounting journal. A carbon spoke  122  is adhesively bonded to it spoke connect  164 . Rim locks  105  and  106  connect and tension both spokes simultaneously. 
       FIGS. 50 and 51  illustrate related embodiments. In  FIG. 50 , dual molded rim locks  239  fit into rim connect  228  and are counter-bored allowing a rim lock screw  239  and one side to lock and tension rim connects on both sides. Rim lock nut  249  is a threaded insert pressed into the counter bore allowing the horizontal or fastening action to apply perpendicular cam locking tension force on the spoke connect  131 . A round swivel T-nut  161  oriented perpendicularly to the spoke connect  131  is externally removable and allows the spoke connect  131  to adjust spoke tension. In  FIG. 51 , rim connect  230  accommodates a spherical shoulder nut  106  mounted between rim lock screws  239  and  249 . This fixed connection provides a tension adjustable connection between the spoke and rim connect  230   
     As illustrated in  FIGS. 52-61 , other rim connect recess arrangements are contemplated within the scope of the invention.  FIG. 52  shows a triangular countersink rim connect  232  and corresponding recess in rim  234 .  FIG. 53  illustrates an interchangeable molded counter-bored bottom rim connect  235  attached to rim  241 . The rim connect  235  is attached to the corresponding rim connect recess by two rim lock shoulder screws  106  secured in a rim lock nut  105  molded into the rim recess. A half spherical socket nipple nut  151  is mounted in the rim connect  235 . The nipple nuts  151  rotate in their mounting journals which are parallel to the spokes and mirrored about the centerline but mounted in the same horizontal plane. 
       FIG. 54  shows an interchangeable molded counter-bored bottom rim mount  236  attached to rim  237  by a single rim lock shoulder screw  106  mounted directly in the center of rim connect  236 . The rim lock nut  105  is molded into the rim connect recess accommodating the shoulder of a rim lock  106 , which self-aligns and locks when fastened. The lead in thread and shoulder of the rim lock screw  106  eliminates any the lateral movement when fastened and locked in a counter bored mounting journal at the top so that a spoke is attached on the opposite end. 
       FIG. 55  illustrates an interchangeable molded rim mount  238  attached to rim  239  within a matching dove tail recess. The rim mount  238  is adhesively mounted within the recess.  FIG. 56  shows an interchangeable molded counter-bored bottom rim mount  240  attached to a rim  241  by rim lock shoulder screws  106  and secured in a rim lock nut  105  molded into the rim socket. The spoke connections in this are detachably crossed over. Flexible or fixed pivot connection can be applied and are explained in previous embodiments.  FIG. 57  also shows an interchangeable molded counter-bored bottom rim mount  242  attached to a rim  241  by rim lock shoulder screws  106  and secured in a rim lock nut  105  molded into the rim socket. The spoke connections in this are fixed crossed over connection types. 
       FIG. 58  shows a bottom rim mount  235  that is a compact one-time mounting system applied at the manufacturing assembly. A rim  246  has a dovetail recess which can accommodate spoke mount  151  or alternatives. This can only be installed in the manufacturing cycle as a one-time adhesively bonded and permanent connected to rim  246 . 
       FIG. 59  also has a similar bottom rim mount  236  that is again a compact one-time mounting system applied at the manufacturing assembly. Rim  247  has a dovetail recess into which rim mount  236  is permanently mounted. Carbon profiled spokes  123  are adhesively mounted in reciprocal parallel sockets molded or machined in rim mount  236 . 
       FIG. 60  shows a bottom rim mount  237  which is a compact detachable mounting system using two cap screws as a connection to rim  248  in a dovetail recess which can accommodate spoke mount  151  or alternatives. Tension spring  153  and lock nut  152  set a pretension allowing rim mount  237  a freedom movement in the connection centering and connection process to rim  248 . 
       FIG. 61  has a rim mount  224  that allows for an interchangeable self-tensioning spoke connection system. Rim  226  has a dovetail recess and wraparound shoulder. Rim mount  224  is applied in the same manner as explained in previous embodiments but specifically accommodates conventional bicycles spoke connection systems. 
       FIGS. 62 and 62A  illustrate the incorporation of embodiments of the above described elements into a conventional quick release system. The hub  251  has bearings mounted in bearing journals at each end allowing a hollow drive shaft  250  rotates inside the bearings. Hub  251  also has a dodecagon flange at each end that holds a reciprocal single spoke mount flange  198 . The freewheel drive components explained in the previous embodiments of  FIGS. 1-3  are interchangeable with a standard wheel design. The standard quick release center axle  285  passes through the hollow axle  250  and the cam lock  259  and activation leader  257  provide a clamping force to the bicycle frame when lock nut  260  is adjusted for maximum clamping tension. A modular wheel sensor power generator  253  applied to the wheel axle  250 . The wheel sensor and generator are also explained in other embodiments. 
       FIG. 63  illustrates a solid body hub  275  with an internal bearing journal and integrated spoke flange for conventional through-hole wire rivet head spokes. The split hub collet  272  and  270  comprises of a two-part center threaded interlocking bearing sleeve with an internal retaining flange. The bearings  269  are located between hub  275  and the split collet  272  and  270 . Hub lock  266  is retained inside the hub collet  270  and the internal female thread engages with the opposing hub lock  273  also is retained by the opposite hub collet flange. The hub lock screws on the opposite end of hub lock  266  when extended interconnect with the axle lock  265  and the opposing drive axle lock  277  interlocks with the hub lock  273 . When the lock actuator  271  is engaged the hub collet  272  and  270  the hub is locked to the hub collet allowing wheel rotation extend both internal hub locks so that they both axle threads to  77  and  264  are in the locked or unlocked. The frame axle  264  assembly is mounted to a bike frame. The drive axle  277  is also fastened to the bike frame. The freewheel drive components explained in the previous embodiments of  FIGS. 1-3  are interchangeable with a standard wheel design. A universal power generator and wheel sensor  267  can be applied to the frame axle for the purposes of generating power and sensory feedback to the wheel. 
       FIGS. 64-74  illustrate a variety of spoke embodiments that may be used with the various embodiments of the components described herein. In  FIG. 64 , the interchangeable single spoke and wheel system is made up of the hub assembly  286 , the frame axle assembly  284 , the drive axle assembly  288 , the single spoke assembly  289 , and interchangeable bicycle rim  226 , as described above. The bicycle hub assembly  286 , single spoke assembly  289 , have male and female interconnecting decagon, which allow interchangeable single spoke assembly  289  to be applied to a hub, and fixed to the rim  226  using rim lock  105  and  106  shoulder screws to attach the spokes to the rim  226 . The bicycle wheel consisting of a rim  226 , hub assembly  286 , and a single spoke assembly  289  are assembled into a connectable bicycle wheel. Drive axle assembly  288  is mounted to the drive side of the bicycle frame and provides the mounting point for a free wheel drive sprocket which can remain engaged. The frame axle assembly  284  is fastened to the opposite side of the frame.  FIG. 64  illustrates an endless spoke as described above. The endless spoke eliminates the need for spoke crossover and connects to a hub flange  285  with no mechanical stress points associated with individual flair ended spoke connections. This endless spoke connection method has increased tension loading capacity allowing hub  286  to be narrower in construction. The parallel mirrored spoke set uses a common center rim connection. The parallel and mirrored spoke connections are spaced 1 cm apart which increases lateral load stability of the wheel while maintaining a narrow hub configuration. A narrow hub assembly  286  decreases the aerodynamic frontal area while maintaining equivalent stability to a conventional wheel. Production assembly reduces the endless spoke inventory by half and once assembled into a single spoke component minimizes the production assembly process 
       FIG. 65  illustrates a profile carbon tubular spoke  292  that is permanently and adhesively attached at its root connection point on a hub flange  296  and has a profile to round transition  291  at the rim connect  294  connections. The rigid root insertions of carbon spokes  292  provide higher torque root connection eliminating spoke and mechanical stress. This method also enables angular root connections and increasing aerodynamic performance, spoke tension and loading capacity. This narrow hub assembly  286  has a parallel mirrored spoke set with common center rim root connections spaced 1 cm apart for increase lateral load stability built into the a narrow hub configuration and reduces aerodynamic frontal area while improving lateral stability. Production assembly is minimized once assembled into a single spoke component. 
       FIG. 64  illustrates a round carbon tubular spoke  300  which can be connected using a variety of rigid connection methods described in previous embodiments. These rigid connections methods deliver fixed mechanical root connection for maximum mechanical strength as well as increasing aerodynamic performance, spoke tension and loading capacity. This narrow hub assembly  296  has a parallel mirrored spoke set with common center rim root connections spaced 1 cm apart for increase lateral load stability built into the a narrow hub configuration and reduces aerodynamic frontal area while improving lateral stability. 
       FIG. 67  illustrates an aerodynamically profiled carbon tubular spoke  303  which can be connected using a variety of connection methods described in previous embodiments. These connections methods can deliver fixed or pivoting mechanical solutions for applications requiring elasticity, rigidity, or strength. Soft and hard connections at each end of the spoke combined with angular root connections and increasing aerodynamic performance, spoke tension and loading capacity. This narrow hub assembly  296  has a parallel mirrored spoke set with common center rim root connections spaced 1 cm apart for increase lateral load stability built into the a narrow hub configuration and reduces aerodynamic frontal area while improving lateral stability. 
       FIGS. 68 and 68A  illustrate the use of single curve spokes  306  and  305  that are mirror imaged three dimensionally profiled single shot molded or fabricated spoke elements. Each of spoke  306  and  305  are root connected to a decagon spoke mount flange as described in previous embodiments. Each individual spoke  306  or  305  element can be manufactured individually and adhesively bonded or molded in a singular component. These 3D spokes are aerodynamically optimized for optimum performance and the root attachment on each side of a hub are curved aerodynamically for maximum performance in a forward direction and optimized for minimal aerodynamic drag and frontal area. Three-dimensional horizontal and perpendicular curvature is optimized for different performance conditions requiring the elasticity, aerodynamic drag and horizontal and perpendicular mechanical strength. The rim and hub flange root connection methods deliver fixed mechanical connectivity but rely on the carbon fiber material properties to deliver elasticity, rigidity, or strength characteristics to meet design specific solutions. Narrow hub assembly  286  provides pre-stressed spoke conditions and eliminate rim alignment and spoke tensioning.  FIG. 68A  illustrates how hub assembly  286  and single spoke  307  can be connected to rim  216 . 
       FIGS. 69 and 69A  illustrate a webbed spoke  308  which is an integrated single shot or two-part molded or fabricated single spoke element where the spoke root mount  310  is a decagon shaped flange as described in previous embodiments. The webbed spoke  308  element is a fork spoke where the spoke mount root  310  is a single spoke which divides into two branches that are angled so that each branch spoke is attached to a rim mount  216  at two different rim  105  connection points. The webbed spoke  308  can be molded or fabricated in such a way that a rim mount  311  can be adhesively bonded to a spoke  308  or molded as a complete integrated single component. These webbed spokes  308  are aerodynamically optimized for root attachment on hub flange elasticity, aerodynamic drag, horizontal, perpendicular and mechanical strength. The rim root connection deliver fixed mechanical connectivity but rely on the carbon fiber material properties to deliver elasticity, rigidity, or strength characteristics to meet design specific solutions. Narrow hub assembly  286  provides pre-stressed spoke conditions and eliminates rim alignment and spoke tensioning.  FIG. 69A  illustrates a connection method of webbed spoke  307  with modular and interchangeable hub assembly  286  and rim  216 . 
       FIGS. 70 and 70A  illustrate a 3D aero single spoke  315 , which is a three dimensional aerodynamically opposed curved spoke pair arranged in a configuration where the right-hand spoke is mirrored image and 180° phase shifted from its left-hand counterpart for the purposes of aerodynamic cancellation effect occurring as the laminar flow passes over the leading edge of the leading and trailing edge of each spoke. The rim and hub connections can be fabricated or molded into alternative connection styles illustrated in previous embodiments. Interchangeable rim systems accommodate a range of connection systems also described in previous embodiments. The manufacturing method incorporates a single shot molded or fabricated single spoke that can be individually adhesively connected through a socket mount as described in alternative construction methods previously described. The 3D aero spoke  315  also includes an integrated and interchangeable decagon spoke mount as described previously in other embodiments. The mechanical properties of the 3D spoke  315  utilize carbon fiber material properties to optimize the balance curvature geometry of the spoke element between the hub and rim root of spoke  315  in the X, Y and Z planes. Horizontal X axis curvature provides maximum lateral stability and perpendicular Y axis elasticity, spoke tension, and optimized aerodynamic drag. The curvature in the Z direction provides a sweeping curve emanating from the hub connection in a swept curve which connects at the rim. The airfoil profile of the leading edge of the leading and trailing spoke  315  is curved in a forward direction and is broader at the middle to facilitate vertical compression loads in the perpendicular Y axis direction and minimize nonlinear drag effect and proportionately balance the nonlinear laminar air velocity flowing over the entire airfoil spoke  315  surfaces. The equation between forward, side and rotary surface airflow are mathematically balanced and determine the aerodynamic optimization of a curved surface element and the dynamic surface air velocity conditions present at the hub and rim connection rotating surfaces. The performance characteristic of a wheel system influences the shape of the surface which is calculated for maximum mechanical and structural integrity. The spoke  315  shape is broader at its center than at its hub or rim root connections and its material properties, fabrication, lamination and curing process to regulate spoke tension, rigidity, mechanical strength. Reduced aerodynamic frontal area, wind drag minimization, elastomeric suspension, vertical down forces, dampen the bicycle wheel rolling force and road surface drag allowing a lighter bicycle rim design. The 3D spoke  315  can be molded or fabricated in such a way that a rim mount can be adhesively bonded or molded as a complete integrated single component. Narrow hub assembly  286  provides pre-stressed spoke conditions and eliminates rim alignment and spoke tensioning.  FIG. 70A  illustrates a method of connecting the 3D spoke  315  with a hub assembly  286  and rim  216 .  FIG. 71  illustrates an interchangeable 3D fork spoke  318  that has three dimensional aerodynamically profiled individually curved spokes  317 ,  319  mirrored about a center plane so that each individual spoke is connected at the rim and follows a 3D curve so that left  317  and right hand  319  spokes intersect. At this intersection the mirrored left  317  and right  319  spokes merge into a single spoke creating a forked connection  318 . The single and forked junction point is the rim root connection point and follows the same three-dimensional profile. This spoke root mounting point  318  can be merged with a rim  320  or use an interchangeable rim lock attachment or connectivity for the purposes of single spoke interchangeability, fastening, auto or manual tensioning systems as described in previous embodiments. Both spokes  317  and  319  are curved aerodynamically and transition and merge into a single rim root connection  318  allowing the horizontal X axis curvature of spokes  317  and  319  to have minimal aerodynamic frontal area elastomeric suspension damping of vertical structural forces passed on the rim  320 . The Z axis or vertical and backward swept curvature of the merged spoke  317  and  319 , when merged with 318 aerodynamically optimized to ensure that the air velocity at the spoke root and hub mounts are proportional to the nonlinear air surface velocity across the entire aerodynamic surface. The materials property, lamination layups and curing time of the carbon fiber material balances and defines the dynamic performance characteristics which deliver optimization, elastomeric suspension damping and structural integrity which is mathematically calculated between the axial, radial, vertical and horizontal loads conditions imposed by forward, side and vertical loads imposed at the bicycle rim  320 . 
       FIG. 72  illustrates another version of an interchangeable 3D aero single spoke. Spokes  323  and  322  are three dimensional aerodynamically opposed curved spokes arranged in a configuration where the leading and trailing spoke is 180° phase shifted from following counterpart for the purposes of aerodynamic cancellation effect. This phenomenon occurs after the laminar air flow passes over the leading spoke  323  surface and then preconditioned for a zero impact when passing the trailing spoke  322 , which has a negative aerodynamic sweep. The rim and hub root mounting our fixed point connections which can be fabricated or molded into alternative connection styles illustrated in previous embodiments. This wheel is a solid spoke and rim. The manufacturing method incorporates a single shot molded or fabricated single spoke that can individually adhesively connected through a socket mount as described alternative, construction methods previously described. The 3D aero spoke also encompass integrated and interchangeable decagon spoke mount also described previously in other embodiments. The 3D aerodynamically spoke  323  and  322  curvature utilize carbon fiber material properties to optimize the balance geometry of the mirrored spoke element  323  and  322 . Horizontal X axis remains zero and the curvature of the Y axis dynamically and aerodynamically optimized to provide a targeted elasticity, spoke tension, low aerodynamic drag. The curvature in the Z direction provides a sweeping curve emanating from the hub connection in a swept curve which ends at the rim connection. The airfoil profile of the leading and trailing spokes  323  and  322  is curved in sweeping forward direction and is broader at the middle to facilitate vertical compression loads in the perpendicular or Y axis direction and minimize nonlinear drag effect and also proportionately balance the nonlinear laminar air velocity flowing over the entire airfoil spoke  323  surfaces. The following spoke has the opposite equation resulting in the cancellation of fact. Both spokes  323  and  322  are optimize using an equation between forward, side and rotary surface airflow are mathematically balanced and determine the aerodynamic optimization the positive and negative curved surface element and the dynamic surface air velocity conditions present at the hub and rim root rotating surfaces. The performance characteristic of a wheel system influences the shape of the surface which is calculated for maximum mechanical and structural integrity. The spoke  323  and  322  shapes are broader at its center than at its hub or rim root connections and its material properties, fabrication, lamination and curing process to regulate spoke tension, rigidity, mechanical strength. Reduced aerodynamic frontal area, wind drag minimization, elastomeric suspension, vertical down forces, dampen the bicycle wheel rolling force and road surface drag allowing a lighter bicycle rim design. The 3D aero spoke wheel is an integrated single shot or two-part molded or fabricated single spoke element where the spoke mounts are integrated and also have a decagon shaped flange as described in previous embodiments. The 3D aero spoke wheel can be molded or fabricated in such a way that a rim mount can be adhesively bonded or molded as a complete integrated single component. 
       FIG. 73  illustrates a five curve spoke  320  that is an integrated single shot molded or fabricated wheel attached to a decagon spoke mount flange configured for either as an integrated component or an individual spoke mounted on a spoke connect system or alternative. Each curve spoke is a three-dimensional aerodynamically optimized and mirrored profiled spoke where the root attachments on each side of a hub are curved aerodynamically in the same direction. The curve spoke and its mirrored counterpart are connected to a rim  321  using a range of rim mount alternatives. 
       FIG. 74  illustrates a carbon disk wheel  322  that is an integrated single hub and rim molded or fabricated system. This system has an internal decagon spoke mount flange  288  hub and integrated wheel and rim  322  configured as an integrated component or cartridge connect system. The hollow body is aerodynamically optimized and mirrored sides interconnect with an interchangeable free wheel drive axle  286  and frame axle  283 . 
       FIGS. 75-78  illustrate embodiments of a wheel sensor particularly well adapted for use with the components described herein. In the embodiments of  FIGS. 75-75D , a bicycle wheel sensor consists of two modular wheel generators, one of which is stationary on the hub collet  5  and the other being in the rotating hub body  8 . The axle generator  337  is an encapsulated control sensor and power generator circuit molded into two half sections shaped to fit to the hub collet  5  and locked together with cap screws  328 . The rotating outer hub sensor  324  is also a two-part encapsulated and molded component that fits precisely inside the hub body  8 . The hub collet  5  is the central connecting axis interlocking with frame axle assembly  283  and the drive axle assembly  286 . The stationary axle generator  337  includes an electronic control circuit  330 , a flexible electronic circuit board  332 , excitation coils  331  and a magnet array  329  are all encapsulated in a modular molded resin container  334 . 
     The rotating hub sensor resin container  324  encapsulates an electronic control circuit board  335 , including a power generator control, excitation coils  338  and a magnet array  329 , which may be a series of twelve neodymium magnets. 
     A magnetic field created by rotating magnets  336  in the hub sensor encapsulation assembly  324  creates electrical current as it rotates around the stationary excitation coils  331  and induces electric current through the excitation coils  338 . This electrical current is rectified and regulated and generates power for the control circuit  330 . An insulated power pin embedded in the hub collet flange carries signal and power from the hub sensor  324  to the outside world. When the interlocking, bayonet connection between the hub collet  5  and frame axle assembly  283  is made the electrical connectivity can be applied to external peripheral devices. 
     A strain gauge  327  is incorporated into the connection between the hub body  8  and the spoke mount  14 . The strain gauge  327  has an internal and external decagon flange with electrical spring connection pins  346  that receive electrical power and analog signals through insulated connection pins  342 . Strain gauge signal, electrical power and analog control is conveyed through the bearing collet  9  via these insulated electrical and signal conductors  342 . The outer strain gauge  327  and the bearing collet  9  flanges both dovetail into the spoke mount  14 . An analog control signal from the strain gauge  327  is processed by the control system in the wheel hub. 
     Both control sensors  330  and  335  include flexible electronic circuit boards, electronic circuitry, rectifier, filter, pulse detector, microprocessor, accelerometer, communication system, communications interface, communication-hub, and antenna. The inner and outer sensor control systems  330  and  335  utilizes firmware, software and a unique communications protocol to connect peripheral devices on the bicycle, wheel hub, smartphone, or any other peripheral devices. Due to the rotational environment of the hub, this communications protocol must contend with consistent communication interruption due to the shadowing of the antenna, the polarization changes and Doppler shifts. The protocol is optimized for short data bursts in a harsh environment. 
     The system is compatible with Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and 4G data transmission and communicates autonomously with smartphone and other GPS front end devices via apps, communication protocols and display subsystem data formats. The system uses a data network communications protocol or set of instructions between all sensory devices on a bicycle. Each device on the network communicates on a wired or wireless network using the firmware communication language between the bicycle wheel, bicycles sensors, bicycle, smart phone systems and other peripheral front end devices. The system may also communicate with a smartphone and the communication and display subsystem. For compatibility of applications, the Bluetooth communications to a smartphone uses the same communications protocol as the hub sensor system. The communications to the communications and display subsystem uses a data format that is efficient and extensible. 
     In another embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 76-76B , the strain gauge  327  is a modular laminated parallel decagon flanged multi-input rotary strain gauge for single spoke mount  14  applications. At each corner of the strain gauge substrate  345  a parallel decagon flange is a screen printed Wheatstone bridge circuit printed onto a ceramic gauge substrate  345 . Conducting spring pins  347  electrically connect the strain gauge sensing circuit to the microprocessor. These pins connect the strain gauge  345  to the microprocessor in the hub sensor and pass through insulated holes in the strain gauge body  348 . The strain gauge body  348  is a stainless steel decagon inner and outer flange  348  with a slot machined at the centerline and parallel to the edge. At the junction corner adjacent slot are calculated so that the space between them is sufficient to accommodate rotary torque deflection which is converted to an analog signal by the Wheatstone bridge and delivered to the microprocessor through the spring pins  346 . 
     The ceramic substrate  345  profiles is identical to the strain gauge body and the spring pins pass through corresponding holes and both components are easily bonded to make a solid body component. Spring pin  346  assembly has a hollow body  351 , and PC board mounting step flange at its base and an internal retaining flange on the other end. Connection pin  349  has a rounded connection tip on one end and an external retaining flange at the opposite end. The shoulder of the connection pin  349  slides through the hole at the end hollow body  351  and outer retaining flange slides inside the hollow body and has a tension spring to hold it at full extension. 
     When the pin  349 , hollow body  351 , and the spring  350  are assembled and pressed into the ceramic substrate  345 , a locking rivet  352  is crimped into the ceramic substrate  345  and the assembly becomes an electrically connected male connection between the strain gauge and bearing collet  9 . Bearing collet  9  has insulated conduction rods  326  which are solid bonded so that the male spring contact  346  makes electrical connection when strain assembly  327  and bearing collet  9  are connected. 
     The shoulder of the rivet interlocks  352  is protected by cap  343 , which is bonded to the ceramic substrate  345  for the purposes of protection and installation. Each electrical spring contact  346  is insulated and counter-bored into both the strain gauge body  348  and protected by cap  343 . The strain gauge assembly  327  uses multiple input signals complex quadrant calculations and redundancy. 
     Bearing collet  9  has two insulated holes bored through the corresponding flange to accommodate insulated conductor pins  326  (see  FIG. 75 ) corresponding to the pins on the strain gauge spring pins  346 . Once assembled the hub mount flange  14  locks strain gauge  327  bearing collet  9  captive in the hub mount  14  and enables the strain gauge  327  to interconnect with the free wheel hub  286  flange. The outer flange of the strain gauge  327  which is mechanically locked to the drive mount flange  14  transfers drive and rotary torque from the freewheel hub  286  allowing the strain gauge to deliver an analog to digital control signal. 
     All torque sensors are strain gauge based measuring instruments whose output voltage is proportional to applied torque. The output voltage is produced by a resistance change in strain gauges that are bonded to the torque sensor structure. The magnitude of the resistance change is proportional to the deformation of the torque sensor and therefore the applied torque. The four-arm Wheatstone bridge configuration depicts the strain gage geometry used in the torque sensor structures. It is this configuration that allows for temperature compensation and cancellation of signals caused by forces not directly applied about the axis of the applied torque. The strain gage is customized for part of loads a regulated 5 to 20 volt DC or AC RMS excitation is required and is applied between points A and D of the Wheatstone bridge. When torque is applied to the transducer structure the Wheatstone bridge becomes unbalanced, thereby causing an output voltage between points B and C. This voltage is proportional to the applied torque. The microprocessor orchestrates communication, pulse detection, voltage regulation and manages metrics and instructions governing interconnectivity between bike communication protocols. 
     In  FIGS. 77 and 77A , the bicycle wheel sensor consists of two modular wheel generators using the same electronic circuit described in  FIG. 75 . The sensor is powered electrically in the same manner but applied in a different physical configuration specifically in a side axle mounting application. The power sensor housing  354  includes encapsulated sensor systems  358  and  355  mounted in a housing which is fixed to the stationary axle  356 . Fixed magnet array  357  is locked to the rotation of the hub mount  205 . Wheel rotation provides excitation current as the magnetic poles rotate past parallel wound excitation coils  359  and  355  on both sides. 
     In another alternative embodiment is illustrated in  FIGS. 78 and 78A , the wheel sensor control system  260  mounted on a stationary frame axle and the encapsulated sensor control circuit  256  and perpendicular wound excitation coils are encapsulated in resin and contained in the housing  260 . The sensor  260  is powered electrically in the same manner but applied in a different physical configuration as described in previous embodiments but is applied specifically in a side axle mounting applications. The magnet array  257  is embedded and rotation locked to hub flange  205 . A magnetic field derived by wheel rotation provides excitation current in the excitation coils  261 . The excitation current is rectified and regulated to provide voltage and signal pulse feedback for the control circuit. The control and communications are described in other embodiments. The block diagram lays out the architecture which is made up of an electronic microprocessor control and power generator encapsulated in molded resin containment. 
     The rotary strain gauge is coupled to the hub network and bike microprocessor. Drive torque from a free wheel ratchet flange transmits through the rotary strain gauge and single spoke mount. A microprocessor is embedded in the bike frame to communicate with the hub. This microprocessor relays information to a remote communications/display subsystem and may optionally send information to a smartphone on the bike. The generator system described above provides power for operation of the microprocessor and smartphone connectivity enabling local remote communications/display subsystem located nearby or optionally in following vehicles. 
     The microprocessor wirelessly communicates with the hub via a dedicated communications system enabling multiple wheel identity, interchangeability or data recognition. Individual wheel data uploads or downloads automatically update through the system. The microprocessor provides communications relay data display updates to subsystem mantras all metrics of the bike and rider performance. The microprocessor is also synchronized and includes additional sensors including, but not limited to, GPS, accelerometers, and temperature sensors. 
     The microprocessor is a modular encapsulated electronic systems hardware including voltage regulation, pulse detection, rectifiers and filters, voltage regulators, systems interface, network, memory storage, and embedded communications firmware which orchestrates communication, and manages metrics and instructions governing interconnectivity between communication protocols. 
     Systems interface describes the onboard systems and function library that determine the communications protocol. Firmware is retained in a separate non-volatile memory chip and data upload and download can be performed by the memory. Both these functions are controlled by the microprocessor. The power sensing and regulation is also performed through a separate power management chip that orchestrates battery charging and voltage supply. An onboard gyroscopic accelerometer chip manages a range of GPS, speed, gradient, acceleration, motion, aerodynamic sensors, cadence, tire and G sensing functions. Firmware and memory chips can be upgradeable and interchangeable solid-state socket mounted hardware devices. Analog to digital input/output provides expandability. The microprocessor wirelessly networks and share systems interface functionality. 
     The arrangement of the hub embodiments described herein is particularly well suited for combination with a self-powered wheel sensor system. The system includes a molded modular self-powered electronic controller and communication system and electrical voltage generator designed as an add-on or permanent element of the hub system. The sensor electronics measure various aspects of the bike including torque, velocity, acceleration, gradient, cadence and other digital metrics and convert electrical signals into transmittable digital data protocol. 
     The system may also include a rotating voltage and signal generator that uses a neodymium magnet array and excitation coils to generate AC voltage, electronically modified digital signal pulses, internal and external DC electronic circuit and cell phone voltage supply and battery charging capability. The system may be configured to extract phase shift excitation currents to create a square wave signal generator. The system may further include an onboard microprocessor and communication system for wheel modules or a smartphone using proprietary digital data protocol communications protocol optimized for the rotational environment of the hub. The system may also utilize an onboard communication and frequency based communication protocol. The system may also include an accelerometer and gyroscopic sensor and GPS device embedded in the wheel for providing geosynchronous data for programming. 
     What has been described and illustrated herein is a preferred embodiment of the invention along with some of its variations. The terms, descriptions and figures used herein are set forth by way of illustration only and are not meant as limitations. Those skilled in the art will recognize that many variations are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention in which all terms are meant in their broadest, reasonable sense unless otherwise indicated. Any headings utilized within the description are for convenience only and have no legal or limiting effect.