Abstract:
A low profile integrated solar roofing tile connecting system for the formation of a solar roof. The system is aesthetically appealing because the tiles lay relatively flat with a very low profile without any bulges or ridges because all wires and connectors embedded in the tiles. This low profile optimizes the roof&#39;s ability to withstand wind loads as well as minimizes cracking or breaking of the tiles due to external load forces. The connectors produce uniform spaces between adjacent tiles as well as providing an easy way to extend or exchange tiles. An integrated shunting or bypasses diode provides a current shunt path in the event of a modules&#39; impedance upsurge cause by shading or by non-functioning tiles. This also allows for the flexible arrangement of the PV roofing tiles for a variety of system configurations, e.g. grid-tied, and off-grid systems, while maintaining system reliability and a modularized design.

Description:
PRIORITY FILING 
       [0001]    This application is claiming the filing date of Feb. 22, 2008 of provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/066,813. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of Invention 
         [0003]    The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power (PV) systems design and applications, specifically PV roofing tiles. Additionally, it is foreseeable that this invention can be utilized in other application where low profile connection of electrical panels is desired, such as in flat panel lighting for example. This invention is a low profile electrical interconnect system with an integrated shunting or bypass diode that enables an aesthetic integrated solar tile system to be easily installed on sloped roofs without customized roof decking. 
         [0004]    2. Related Art 
         [0005]    In the field of solar interconnects the height of the existing interconnects ranges from 13.5 mm to 18.5 mm in height. These plugs have large snap on connectors, screw on locks or ribbed plugs. None of the available plugs have a built in shunting or bypass diode. This condition has blocked the increased use of solar installations on roofs, because the current technology doesn&#39;t allow the solar tiles to be aesthetically laid flat on the roofing substrate without significantly increasing the cost of installation with special roof decking. If the tiles are laid flat directly on the roof decking, the existing technology is highly susceptible to tile warping and will not pass a wind test. The best available option for PV roofing tile installations with current technology incorporates an expensive system of roofing batons and frames to allow the PV tiles to be mounted with the system interconnects and wires hanging beneath the modules. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    The invention provides the technology that will enable the expanded use of PV roofing tiles by significantly lowering the cost and improving the aesthetics of system installations. The terminology PV will be used extensively throughout and is to be understood as Photovoltaic or as a solar energy converting cell or simply as solar. This invention is a low profile electrical and interconnection system with plug connectors under 10 mm in height, with a built in shunting or bypass diode and circuit that allows current to be shunted around high impedance PV modules. This system improves on the current technology by reducing the system cost and increasing the system reliability. 
         [0007]    The novel integration of a shunting or bypass diode is the cornerstone of a completely integrated PV roofing tile system, thus significantly improving the systems&#39; operation and performance by reducing the effect of a single module&#39;s reliability. Without the need for special roof decking the installation cost of the novel low profile shunting PV roofing tile interconnection system is significantly reduced to that of current technology. Maintenance and repair is also improved with the integrated solar tile design, allowing for ease of replacement and repair. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]    Taking the following specifications in conjunction with the accompanying drawings will cause the invention to be better understood regarding these and other features and advantages. The specifications reference the annexed drawings wherein: 
           [0009]      FIG. 1  is an unhidden line front perspective view of the male portion of the low profile interconnect. 
           [0010]      FIG. 1   a  is a rearward perspective view of the male portion of  FIG. 1   
           [0011]      FIG. 1   b  is an exploded view of an alternate embodiment of the male portion of the low profile interconnect 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  is an unhidden line rearward perspective view of the female socket portion of the low profile interconnect. 
           [0013]      FIG. 2   a  is a forward perspective view of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  is a top plan view of the low profile interconnect device. 
           [0015]      FIG. 4  is an unhidden line perspective view of the male and female portions partially interlocked. 
           [0016]      FIG. 4   a  is a perspective view of the male and female portions partially interlocked. 
           [0017]      FIG. 5  is a schematic representation of  FIG. 4   
           [0018]      FIG. 5   a  is a schematic representation of  FIG. 4  with integrated diode fully connected. 
           [0019]      FIG. 5   b  is a schematic representation of  FIG. 4  with integrated diode partially connected. 
           [0020]      FIG. 5   c  is a schematic representation of  FIG. 4  with integrated diode separated. 
           [0021]      FIG. 6  is a top unhidden line plan view of the male and female portions of the interconnect fully coupled. 
           [0022]      FIG. 6   a  is a top, side view of the male and female portions of the interconnect fully coupled. 
           [0023]      FIG. 7  is a bottom plan view of several solar tiles assembled with the low profile interconnect. 
           [0024]      FIG. 8  is a top view of a terminus connector. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0025]    While describing the invention and its embodiments, various terms will be used for the sake of clarity. These terms are intended to not only include the recited embodiments, but also all equivalents that perform substantially the same function, in substantially the same manner to achieve the same result. 
         [0026]    A preferred embodiment of the present invention discloses a low profile shunting PV interconnection system for use with PV roofing tiles depicted in top plan view in  FIG. 3  and indicted generally by the reference number  100  and shall be referenced with the abbreviated terminology as the interconnection system. The interconnection system  100  is comprised of a male interconnect plug  10 , a female interconnect socket  20  that are electrically connected by three wires, a return line wire  30 , a bypass wire  40 , and either the positive solar cell lead wire  50  or the negative solar cell lead wire  60 . 
         [0027]      FIG. 7  depicts the bottom plan view of several PV roofing tiles  110 . They are water proof and roughly rectangular in shape and have similar geometry of standard roofing tiles with a top portion, a bottom portion, two horizontal side edges, and two vertical side edges. The top portion contains the photovoltaic (PV) or solar cell and is exposed to the elements and sun, while the bottom portion is in direct contact with the building or roof decking. The PV roofing tiles  110  are connected together by the interconnection system  100  to form an array with equally spaced uniform gaps between them. 
         [0028]    In one embodiment conventional roofing tiles with PV solar cell affixed to the top portion, that is the part of the tile facing the sun or sky when installed, are used. It has been further contemplated that the non-PV portion of the tile or the tile substrate be comprised of a combination of devulcanized recycled elastomers and polymeric material, EMDP for example, such as suggested in U.S. Pat. No. 6,545,060. The PV roofing tiles  110  arranged in an array fashion, as well as the interconnect system  100 , should be view in tandem with  FIG. 3  where the wires  30 ,  40 , and  50  or  60  perform the following functions. 
         [0029]    The return line wire  30  allows PV roofing tiles  110  to form dynamic array configurations while eliminating exposed wires because the return line wire  30  is coupled with a plurality of PV roofing tiles  110  electrically connected in series. This serves as the closed leg of the circuit at the lowest electrical potential point in the series of PV roofing tiles  110 , thus completing the PV power circuit and harvesting solar energy by allowing electrical current to travel form the highest electrical potential point to the lowest simply, safely, and without exposing wires to the elements. 
         [0030]    The bypass wire  40  provides a path for current to shunt around the PV roofing tile  110  in the event of a PV roofing tile  110  impedance upsurge, caused by either a PV roofing tile  110  failure or shade on the tile. This characteristic is a function of the novel integration of a shunting or bypass diode  200  in the male interconnect plug  10 , which is shown schematically in  FIG. 5   a.    
         [0031]      FIG. 3  depicts the positive solar cell lead wire  50 , which is connected to the male interconnect plug  10  and the negative solar cell lead wire  60  which is connected to the female interconnect socket  20 . They are routed to the PV cell array on the front side of the PV roofing tile  110  and are effectively the “hot” lines used to connect series PV roofing tiles  110 . 
         [0032]      FIG. 8  discloses a terminus connector  5 . In the preferred embodiment when the PV roofing tiles  110  are connected in arrays it will be necessary to provide a jumper wire between the negative solar cell lead wire  60  and the return line wire  30  in the very first PV roofing tile  110  of the array in order to close the circuit and generate electricity this accomplished by the terminus connector  5  which is configured to with either the female interconnect socket  20  or male interconnect plugs  10  previously disclosed. It will also be necessary to provide jumpers between end tiles in a multi-tiered array configuration. 
         [0033]      FIG. 7  depicts the bottom plan view of several PV roofing tile  110  with the preferred embodiment of interconnect system  100  which comprises at least one low profile male interconnect plug  10  and at least one female interconnect or socket  20  that have a thickness or height less than 10 mm and are joined together by wires on their non-interlocking interfaces to compose a wiring harness or the interconnection system  100 . 
         [0034]    In this embodiment the interconnect system  100  is set into the PV roofing tile  110  by placement into grooves or channel  110  that are cut out into the substrate, or the inert or non solar collecting surface of the PV roofing tile  110 , at a depth and width slightly deeper and wider than interconnect system  100 . While the positive solar cell lead wire  50  or the negative solar cell lead wire  60  are fed through a hole in the PV roofing tile mold that will enable the wire to be electrically connected to the PV cells placed on the top side of the PV roofing tile  110 . In one embodiment the interconnect system  100  is encapsulated and laminated to the tile, so that the bottom or rear face of the PV roofing tile  110  is a flat, smooth homogeneous surface that will lay flat on roofing decks eliminating the need for special decking for installation as well as having a low impact aesthetics. This also serves to provide a lower cost PV roofing tile system than the current available technology alternative. It also causes the male interconnect plug  10  and the female interconnect socket  20  to be rigidly fixed in relation to the vertical side edge or perimeter of the PV roofing tiles  110  wherein the female interconnect socket  20  is seated with a slight overhang that serves as a spacer between adjacent PV roofing tiles  110 . When the male interconnect plug  10  is snapped in place, the electrical connection between the two connectors will be solid, the seal between male and female connectors will be closed, and the spacing between the vertical side edges of adjacent PV roofing tiles  110  will be uniform, between 4 mm and 9 mm in width in one embodiment, while the spacing can be increased or decreased dependent on the effect and tile used. 
         [0035]      FIG. 1  and  FIG. 1   a  depict an embodiment of the male interconnect plug  10  in a perspective view. While  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 2   a  depict an embodiment of the female interconnect plug  20  with the snapping or locking mechanism  300  exposed.  FIGS. 4 and 4   a  depict the coupling of the female interconnect socket  20  and the male interconnect plug  10  whereby the male plug  10  will slide into the female socket  20  and snap in place. The snapping or locking mechanism  300  serves to firmly hold the interface between the two parts, ensuring a good electrical connection as well as maintaining a securely tight seal between the interfaces of the connectors. The secure seal protects the electrical connection from the elements. The snapping clips or locking mechanism  300  holds the male interconnect plug  10  in place by protrusions, shaped extensions, or gripping ridges  310  from its sidewalls. It is further contemplated that the locking mechanism may vary in size and location for example, the locking mechanism  300  can be located on either the socket or the plug. 
         [0036]      FIG. 5   a  schematically depicts the preferred embodiment of the integration of a shunting or bypass diode  200  in the interconnect male plug  10 , which allows for a modular PV roofing tile  110 . In one embodiment, a surface mount shunting or bypass diode  200  is affix or soldered to a small printed circuit board  210  inside of the male connecting plug housing  15  which is intern electrically connected to wires  30 , 40  and  50 . The shunting or bypass diode  200  is connected between the electrical paths of wires  50  and  40  with the anode of a rectifying shunting or bypass diode  200  is connected to the electrical path of bypass wire  40  with the cathode connected to the higher electrical potential side of the PV cell or in other words to the electrical path of the positive solar lead wire  50 . This configuration will cause current to be diverted from the electrical path of the positive solar lead wire  50  to that of wire bypass wire  40  in the event of an impedance upsurge by shunting current around the PV roofing tile  110 . 
         [0037]      FIG. 5   c  schematically clearly portrays an embodiment with the printed circuit board  220  inside of the female socket housing  20  with a short  230  across the traces of the electrical path of wires  40  and  60  which shorts the “hot” line also referred to as wire  60  to provide an electrical current path to shunt current around the PV roofing tile  11   110  array in the event of a impedance upsurge in the PV  110  array has activated the shunting or bypass diode  200 . 
         [0038]      FIG. 5  schematically depicts the interconnection or coupling of the female socket  20  and the male interconnect plug  10  by showing the male circuit board  210  and the female circuit board  220 , without their respective housings, which reveals that the two boards electrical contact point mirror of each other, so that when they are coupled the two traces are electrically connected. This unique concept reduces the complexity of manufacturing the connectors, by homogenizing the inner parts of each connector 
         [0039]      FIGS. 1   a ,  2   a ,  4   a , and  4  taken collectively will clarify the assembly of an embodiment of the male interconnect plug  10  and the female interconnect socket  20 . The male interconnect plug  10  has a positively tapered connecting protrusion  350  that increases in circumferential area from front to back, while the female interconnect socket  20  has a tapered connecting void  360  that decreases in circumferential area from front to back at inverse angles to that of the male interconnect plug  10 . 
         [0040]    When the front end of the female interconnect socket  20  and the male interconnect plug  10  are first pressed together, there is initially a small gap between the two circuit boards  220  and  210 . As the two are pressed firmly together the ramping interface between the two parts caused by the tapered angles facilitates a smooth, unobstructed reduction of this gap into a good electrical connection while minimizing abrasive damage to the circuit boards. The taper also minimizes the space between the connector housings preventing wiggle in the connector interface forming a tight seal resistant to the elements. The locking mechanism  300  prevents accidental separation of the connectors. 
         [0041]      FIG. 1   b  is an exploded view of an alternate embodiment of male interconnect plug  10  wherein thin sheets of sheet metal  290  replace the circuit board and traces to create the interconnection between the PV roofing tiles. The female interconnect socket, not shown in this view would have a similar configuration. 
         [0042]    The invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment. One skilled in the art will recognize that it would be possible to construct the elements of the present invention from a variety of means and to modify the placement of the components in a variety of ways. While the embodiments of the invention have been described in detail and shown in the accompanying drawings, it will be evident that various further modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.