Abstract:
The specification teaches a structured text processing system for use by such people as bank tellers and insurance agents who work at computer controlled work stations connected together in a network of computers. A draft document in the form of a work in progress (WIP) document is disclosed. The WIP document allows the system to efficiently transmit drafts of highly controlled documents such as loan applications and customer letters from one computer to another in the network for approval or additional information without losing control of the standard form text. The standard form text originates as a shell document having defined variables, the text values of which are entered by tellers at work station screens having prompt messages defined by a related shell detail data set. The variable text is stored into a variable response data set. The shell text and the data sets are made part of the WIP document and therefore are available at other computers in the network for use in revising the WIP document.

Description:
This is a continuation of co-pending application, Ser. No. 07/414,641, filed on Sep. 28, 1989, now abandoned, which is itself a continuation of co-pending application Ser. No. 06/936,294, filed on Dec. 1, 1986, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates generally to the processing of text information and more specifically to the processing of text information as forms being filled out by administrative personnel. More particularly, letters, loan and insurance applications, for example are prepared at the computer work station of a teller or agent serving the public and the prepared item is sent to another work station which may be connected to the same or a different computer in the network for approval by a supervisory person. The system permits the supervisor to revise the variable portions of the document but does not permit change in the text body of the document. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Prior art text processing work stations as well as data processing work stations have permitted an operator to compose documents using standard forms which are then filled in by the operator to create a letter, application or other document. These prior art systems include the Professional Office System program product marketed by IBM Corp. for use on large host computers and the Displaywrite program product marketed by IBM Corp. for use with the IBM Personal Computer. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,429,372 and 4,454,576 are exemplary of the prior art. The prior art has a disadvantage in that when an operator has finished a document, that document is a homogenous entity discrete from the shell document and data from which it was created. In subsequent revision the entire document including both the fixed and variable text must be handled as a whole for modification. Thus the fixed portion may be changed either willfully or inadvertently by an operator. 
     Further, the prior art provides no information about the nature of the variable text values that have been merged into the document. Though prompts may have been available to the creator at one computer, they will not be available to the revisor at another computer. 
     In the IBM Professional Office System, a document can be kept in draft form in the computer on which it was created. When the document is transmitted to another computer, it can only be sent as a committed document and the protection of the structured creation is not available at the other computer. This limitation is caused by the fact that the environment, that is the tables which permit the computer to create the document from the standard form and the variables entered by the user, are only available in the computer in which the document was first created. They are not sent with the document when it is sent to another computer. 
     There is a need in the finance, insurance and other similar industries, for a computer network text processing system which can make efficient use of the vast amounts of text information already stored in the computer data bases of an organization such as a bank or insurance company. There is also a need in these industries for a text processing system that is relatively structured so as to limit the freedom and flexibility of authors of letters and documents. Such limits are necessary to control the legal obligations of the institutions whose employees create correspondence to customers of the institution. Clearly missing from prior art text processing methods is the ability to forward draft documents to supervisory persons who may be at other remote sites or at the main office to obtain approvals, limits, and other inputs as well as modifications to a draft document in the same structured and controlled manner as the draft document was created. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention provides for draft documents to be electronically sent from one computer to another in a network of computers. This is made possible by sending the draft in the form of a novel work in progress (WIP) document. In one embodiment of the invention, the WIP document is a combination of a shell document with a variable reply data set, and a shell detail data set. In the preferred embodiment, the WIP document is a combination of a merged portion, a variable reply data set, and a shell detail data set. In the following description, the words data set are used in a broad sense to mean a collection or list of information whether stored in memory of a computer or on a magnetic disk. 
     The merged portion is created in the system of the invention by merging the variable text stored in the variable reply data set into the shell document. The shell document is created only once by the main office and is carefully reviewed to define the legal liabilities of the institution. The shell document is then transmitted to the computers which control the various work stations of tellers or agents and their supervisors. The shell document contains the unchangeable text of a merged portion whereas the variable reply data set contains the text that is permitted to be changed from document to document including items such as name, address, loan limit etc. The system of the invention uses the shell detail data set to display messages prompting the user to enter text for some variables and invokes application programs identified in the shell detail data set to retrieve text for other variables from existing data bases. The variable text entered and retrieved under the system control are stored into the variable reply data set. 
     When the WIP document is transmitted to a supervisory person, that person uses the same programs of the system of the invention which are made available in the computer at his or her work station. These programs will rarely change except perhaps to correct an error or add another feature. The shell detail data set in contrast must be changed as often as the shell document is changed and such changes can occur between the time that a WIP document is created and when it is modified and approved by a supervisor. For this reason the shell detail data set is made part of the WIP document as it is created. Although the variable text values in the variable reply data set are also in the merged portion of the WIP, they are also made separately available in the WIP document to save the processing time that would be needed to extract them from the merged portion. 
     The system of the invention uses the WIP document to display to the supervisor, the merged portion for approval. When the supervisor wishes or needs to modify the document, the system uses the shell detail data set and variable reply data set which are also part of the WIP document to display the prompt messages and values of the variables entered by the person who created the WIP document. Where text for a variable has not been entered, only the prompt message is displayed, prompting the supervisor to enter text for the variable. The variable text values entered and or modified by the supervisor are stored into the variable reply data set and the merged portion of the WIP document. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows an overview of a network of computers in which the invention finds utility. 
     FIG. 2 is a view of the screen of a work station on which the shell document is being created. 
     FIG. 3 is a view of the screen of a work station on which the variable table for the shell document is being created. 
     FIG. 4A shows the format of the shell document 4B, the shell variable table 4C, shell detail data set 4D, the variable reply data set and 4E the WIP document. 
     FIG. 5 is the main flow diagram showing how the invention is used by operators and supervisors. FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D are detailed screens that are seen by a person using the preferred embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 5. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring to FIG. 1, a block diagram of a multiple computer network is shown. Host computer 11 is supported by direct access storage 13 and a keyboard display terminal 15. Computer 11 is a large computer at a central office of a bank or insurance company and the main data base containing most of the customer information is kept on storage 13 which is preferably a disk storage device. Keyboard display 15 is available for use by supervisory persons such as for example managing loan officers who will be required to review, revise, and approve the loan applications prepared at remote branches of the bank. 
     Connected remotely to computer 11 by telecommunication lines is a smaller computer 21 having its own direct access disk storage device 23. Computer 21 is either a control computer such as the IBM 4702 used by financial institutions or alternately the processor portion of a personal computer. Connected to computer 21 by a bus is a display station 25, a keyboard 27, and a printer 29. When the computer 21 is a controller, there will be a plurality of keyboards, displays and printers, each sharing the processing services of computer 21. The combination of display 25, keyboard 27, printer 29, and computer 21 constitutes a remote work station as would be used by branch office staff such as a teller or administrative employee at a remote branch bank to prepare draft letters, loans applications and so forth. 
     Also connected to host computer 11 is a computer 31 shown in FIG. 1 as a personal computer. Computer 31 also has a display 35, a keyboard 37 and a disk 33. Computer 31 is contemplated in this embodiment to be a personal computer having a number of programs including the IBM Displaywrite program. 
     FIG. 2 shows the screen of display 35 as computer 31 is being used to generate a shell document. The shell is being created as a .txt document using the IBM Displaywrite program. The .txt document will later be converted to a Document Content Architecture Revisable Form Text (RFTDCA) document as defined in IBM Reference Manual SC23-0758. All of the fixed or unchangeable text 41 of the shell is directly entered as text. Whenever a variable text word or phrase is to be later inserted, the shell author enters a control character 43, 44, 45, or 46 by pressing the INSTR/VARIABLE key. The Displaywrite program then prompts the author to enter a name of the variable as shown at 49. The variable name can have up to 16 characters which are incorporated into the shell document as a structured field. The shell document which has been created in FIG. 2 is converted to an RFTDCA document SC23-0758 which can be sent to another computer such as computer 21 where it is stored on disk 23 as a text string file. The format of the shell document stored on disk 23 is shown in FIG. 4A. 
     FIG. 3 shows the screen of display 35 as computer 31 is being used to generate a shell variable table for the shell document created in FIG. 2. The shell variable table is an easy way for the author of the shell to provide the information which will be stored in the shell detail data set. The shell variable table is also being created using the IBM Displaywrite program. Each line of text being entered by the shell author relates to one variable set up in the shell document. Like the shell document itself, the shell variable table is transmitted to each of the computers such as computer 21 at which structured documents will later be created according to the invention. The format of the shell variable table stored on disk 23 is shown in FIG. 4. 
     The creation of shell documents and shell variable tables using Displaywrite is done merely for convenience of the author of the shell and is preliminary to the method of the invention but does not constitute a part thereof. 
     It is also contemplated that for those variables that appear in most documents, a master variable table need only be created once and thereafter, the variable names defined in the master variable table can be used in many shell documents without the need to redefine them for each shell document. Of course if a different prompt message is desired or if it is to be a protected field whereas the variable as defined by the master table is changeable by the teller, then the variable simply is redefined in the shell variable table which takes precedence. 
     After the shell document and the shell variable table have been transmitted to the computer 21, and stored on disk 23, they are used to generate the shell detail data set which will later be made part of each work in progress (WIP) document created using the shell. A step in creating the shell detail data set is to extract a list of variable names from the shell document. The list is used to access the shell variable table and the master variable table, if one is used, to get the definitions of each variable to create the shell detail data set. In this description, the words data set are used in a broad sense to mean a collection or list of information regardless of where it may be stored. 
     Referring now to FIG. 4A, the sequence of fixed text and variable names are shown indicating how the string of text and names are stored on disk 23. FIG. 4B shows how the information entered onto the display 35 screen is converted to a shell variable table and stored on disk 23. These format figures are believed to be self explanatory and require very little dissertation except to indicate that the name, maximum length, prompt message, retrieval application program and protect flag are stored for each variable. The retrieval program is that program that will access an existing data base and retrieve such items as the date, a customers account balance and so forth. The protect flag indicates whether the operator can modify the variable text retrieved by the retrieval program, or enter variable text where none has been retrieved. An example is a case where the author of the shell may have decided not to let a teller modify an account balance retrieved by a program from the main data base. In FIG. 4B, a binary 0 is an unprotected variable whereas a binary 1 indicates a protected variable which cannot be changed from the keyboard. 
     Attention is now drawn to FIG. 4C where the format of the shell detail data set is set forth. The shell detail data set is important to the invention, not in it&#39;s specific format but in the fact that it is appended to the shell along with the variable reply data set to create the work in progress (WIP) document of the invention. In this embodiment, the shell detail data set has an entry for each time a variable appears in the shell document and in the same sequence as the variables appear in the shell. Each entry is numbered and the number is the first record of each entry. 
     Taking for example the second entry which is the `subject` variable, the name of the variable appears as the second field. The third field is the number of bytes of data preceding the variable in the shell document. The fourth field is the character set ID of the text immediately preceding the variable in the shell document. The fifth field through eighth field are taken directly from the shell variable table. They are maximum length of the variable text, the prompt message to be displayed, the name of the retrieval program, and the protection indicator respectively. The ninth field contains the number of the first entry where this same variable has been used before in the shell document. The use of this field allows the variable to be entered or retrieved only once but placed in the shell document as often as needed. The tenth field provides access to the variable text value, stored separately in the variable reply data set. 
     FIG. 4D shows the format of the variable reply data set. Each entry has five fields. The first is the length of the entry expressed as a number of bytes. The second field is the number of the variable to which the entry relates. The third field contains the character set ID number if the character set to be used for the variable text is different from the character set used for the shell document at the point where the variable text is to be inserted. The character set ID allows a variable to appear in the final document in a different font for high lighting and other purposes. Where the character sets are the same, the field contains all zeros. The fourth field contains the length of the actual variable text which has been retrieved by a program or entered by the person creating the WIP document. This is expressed as a number of bytes. There is only one entry in the variable reply data set for each variable for which text has been supplied, no matter how often it appears in the shell. Variables that have not yet been supplied with variable text do not appear in the variable reply data set. 
     FIG. 4E shows the format of a WIP document implemented in RFTDCA including the position of the non text unit type identifier 000BE108000302F10303BE. 
     CREATING A WIP DOCUMENT 
     FIG. 5 is a flow diagram showing how branch office staff use the method of the invention on a computer controlled work station to create a work in progress (WIP) document, have it reviewed and possibly revised at a different computer before committing it to final form. The teller for example may wish to prepare a line of credit application for a merchant customer who wants to build up inventory in anticipation of brisk sales. The teller begins at main menu block 51. The actual screen seen by the teller is shown in FIG. 5A. To create a line of credit application, in the form of a WIP document, the teller chooses selection 3 and presses the enter key. That causes the flow to proceed to block 53 which is the screen shown in Figure 5B. The teller then fills in the blanks of the screen starting with the name of the shell document, such as credit-line, and the name of the document being created such as ABC-credit-line if the credit line is being established for the ABC company. The information line is optional and may be used to enter any helpful facts about the WIP document such as the account number of the merchant requesting the line of credit. The remaining lines are the name of the teller preparing the WIP document, class, tag and subject. They provide a means of categorizing documents. At a later time the teller can list all previously created documents that are of a particular class, tag, or subject. For example all documents having a tag of ABC. The remaining selections listed in FIG. 5B are then made, such as to review variables if some are to be entered from the keyboard, by entering the numeral one. The enter key is then pressed to move to block 55. 
     At block 55 the shell detail data set is read from disk 23 and a retrieval program is called at block 57 if the data is to be retrieved from a data base. The retrieved variable text is placed into the variable reply data set at block 59. The program embodiment of blocks 55 through 59 appear in appendix 1. 
     The method then proceeds to block 61 where the review/revise screen shown in FIG. 5C is displayed. The program embodiment of block 61 appears in appendix 2. At this time retrieved variable text is displayed. The teller modifies the retrieved text as necessary, if not protected. The teller also key enters variable text for other unprotected variables in the shell if the text is known to the teller. The teller then presses the enter key to move to block 63 where the input variable text is placed in the variable reply data set. 
     At block 65 in this embodiment, the variable text is merged into the shell document to create the merged portion of the WIP document. The merged portion is that part of the WIP document that can be viewed on a display screen or printed. The flow then moves to block 67 where the WIP document is created by concatenating the shell detail data set and variable reply data set to the merged portion just created. The data sets are concatenated as non text units. The program embodiments of blocks 65 and 67 appear in appendix 3. The program calls a microprogram appearing in appendix 4 in order to provide efficient merging in a reasonable time. 
     Non text units are structured fields as defined by RFTDCA. Several types of non text units exist in the prior art RFTDCA. The type of non text unit is identified by a value appearing within the structured field as shown in FIG. 4E. A number of valid values and their location in the structured fields are defined in RFTDCA manuals. In order to implement the method of the invention in a network employing RFTDCA, a new value has been defined that uniquely identifies the data sets which constitute the environment of a WIP document. As heretofore described with respect to the preferred embodiment, these are the shell detail data set and the variable reply data set. The content in hexadecimal notation of the structured field prior to the first byte of the first data set is 000BE108000302F10303BExxxxE80800. The last BE characters in the value uniquely identifies a non text unit of the type used in this embodiment of the invention. Where a second non text unit is required to accommodate the data, the first byte of data in this second non text unit will be preceded by 000BE108000302 F20303BExxxxE80800. In both examples, xxxx represents the length in bytes of the data included in the non text unit plus five bytes. 
     As was discussed earlier, in another embodiment, data sets are concatenated to the shell document to form the WIP. This shortens processing time when the WIP document is created but requires that it be merged at another computer to be reviewed. By sending a merged portion, the supervisor can review the document quickly and may approve without modifying it. 
     At block 69, the WIP document is transmitted to the computer 11 for review and approval by a loan officer for example. In this example of a line of credit application, the maximum amount of credit to be extended in the line of credit will likely be only determined by a loan officer at the main office and not by branch bank staff. 
     REVIEWING AND REVISING A WIP DOCUMENT 
     The loan officer at the main office also starts at block 51 with the main menu of FIG. 5A. The loan officer selects the handle mail option 1. The flow proceeds to block 71 and displays the screen shown in FIG. 5D. The loan officer can select 1 to simply view the WIP document which is accomplished by displaying the merged portion. In our example, the officer selects 9 to revise the variables because the maximum line of credit must be entered by the officer. Selection 9 proceeds to block 73, the program of which appears in appendix 5. From block 73 the flow moves to block 61 in FIG. 5 to allow the officer to see the screen of FIG. 5C. 
     After entering the maximum credit and reviewing the other variables entered by retrieval program or the teller, the officer presses the enter key to move to block 63. At block 63 the newly entered and revised variable text are stored and flow moves to block 65. At block 65 the new variable text is merged into the merged portion of the WIP document. At block 67 the data sets are concatenated to the merged portion and the reviewed WIP is returned to the teller for final processing. 
     Final processing involves blocks 51 and 71. In this case the teller may select view function 1 to proceed to block 75 and check that the document is complete and all variable text has been supplied. If the document is satisfactory, the teller exits back to block 71 where selection 7 is made to commit the document at block 77. At block 77 the data sets are disabled. 
     The creation method of the invention has now been completed and the document can be sent to another computer such as the merchants computer via electronic mail or the document can be printed at block 79 for signature and deposit with the postal services. 
     As can be seen from the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment, the invention effectively sends the environment of a document being created in draft form along with the document across system boundaries to allow only the variable text of the document to be revised. This is accomplished efficiently by including the variable reply data set and the shell detail data set as non text units concatenated to the merged portion. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that such draft documents can be revised without benefit of the invention but such revision is uncontrolled and therefore the bank or other institution is exposed to unpredictable legal liabilities based on the content of such documents. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art of text processing systems that various changes can be made in the format and content of the data sets that are made part of the work in progress draft documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example the variable reply need not be a data set but merely information stored in an area of memory in a defined format as shown in FIG. 4D. When this reply information is to be sent as part of the WIP document, it is merely copied into a non text unit of the WIP document. ##SPC1##