Abstract:
A robot apparatus with a first barcode scanner to be used for collecting positional data perpendicular to its scan direction and a second barcode scanner to be used for collecting positional data perpendicular to its scan direction where the first and second barcode scanner are mounted substantially orthogonal to each other is, for example, a library storage system, is provided. The first barcode scanner scans the target while the robotic apparatus is moved in a direction perpendicular to the scan path of the first barcode scanner. The second barcode scanner scans a second target substantially orthogonal to the first target while the robot is moved substantially perpendicular to the scan path of the second barcode scanner. Positional data is collected in conjunction with the readability limits of the first and the second target. The central position of the first and second target in a substantially perpendicular direction to the scan path is determined by the readability of the target and the correlating positional data of the robot.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates generally to an apparatus for calibrating an apparatus for retrieving objects from an array of storage cells.  
           [0003]    2. Background of the Invention  
           [0004]    Storage library systems are capable of storing and rapidly retrieving large quantities of information stored on storage media cartridges. Such storage library systems often use robotic mechanisms to improve the speed of information retrieval and the reliability of maintaining the storage library cartridge inventory. These robotic mechanisms typically comprise a hand mechanism positioned on a movable arm. To retrieve information, the robotic arm is moved to position the hand near the inventory location of a desired media cartridge. The hand is then activated to grip the desired cartridge and remove it from the library inventory location. The robotic arm with the hand gripping the cartridge then moves to an appropriate position to further process the cartridge. In this manner, the robotic hand manipulates the cartridge for access to information stored on the cartridge.  
           [0005]    However, in order to grip the cartridge, the position of the robotic arm with respect to the cartridge within the library must be determined. Positional accuracy of the robotic arm and any devices attached thereto affects both the repeatability of an operation as well as the ability of the robotic arm to accurately perform the particular task required of it. There are many different arm calibration arrangements known in the art, and many of these entail the use of some sort of sensor to determine the position of the robotic arm.  
           [0006]    A common method of calibrating the position of the robotic arm gripper mechanism is to use a vision system to orient the robotic arm with respect to one or more baseline targets located in the work space. Often these vision systems are located underneath or above the robotic arm and are oriented at an angle relative to the robotic arm. These vision systems are located at an angle so that a target on the work space can be imaged, and then a target located on a part of the robotic arm that is extended into the field of view of the vision system is imaged. The two images are compared and the position of the robotic arm is adjusted such that the target on the robotic arm is aligned with the target on the work piece when extended.  
           [0007]    However, orienting the vision system at an angle causes the inclusion of the vision system with the robotic arm to take up a large amount of space. Thus, a significant portion of the space within the storage library system is unusable for placing storage cells. This is due to the fact that if, for example, the vision system is located below the robotic arm, an amount of space equal to the height or thickness of the angled vision system at the bottom of the storage retrieval system cannot be accessed by the robotic arm since the vision system comes into contact with the floor of the storage library system before the robotic arm. Thus, the robotic arm is prevented from going low enough within the storage library system to engage and retrieve an object stored in a storage cell located within the thickness of the angled vision system from the floor of the storage library system.  
           [0008]    However, as the need to store more and more data increases and the price paid for space also increases, the amount of money necessary to store data is increased. Thus, the wasted space within a library storage system becomes more and more intolerable. Therefore, there is a need for a calibration system that requires less space than current systems and that allows for a denser concentration of storage cells within a storage library system.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0009]    The present invention provides a robot apparatus with a first barcode scanner to be used for collecting positional data perpendicular to its scan direction and a second barcode scanner to be used for collecting positional data perpendicular to its scan direction where the first and second barcode scanners are mounted substantially orthogonal to each other in, for example, a library storage system. The first barcode scanner scans the target while the robotic apparatus is moved in a direction perpendicular to the scan path of the first barcode scanner. The second barcode scanner scans a second target substantially orthogonal to the first target while the robot is moved substantially perpendicular to the scan path of the second barcode scanner. Positional data is collected in conjunction with the readability limits of the first and the second target. The central position of the first and second target in a substantially perpendicular direction to the scan path is determined by the readability of the target and the correlating positional data of the robot.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0010]    The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 1 depicts a top view of the overall architecture of a typical automated robotic tape library system wherein the calibration system of the present invention is employed;  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 2 depicts a side view of a segment of library system in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 3 shows a perspective cutaway view of a tape library system showing several of the plurality of locations of target;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 4 illustrates the environment shown in FIG. 3 wherein the robotic arm retrieval mechanisms shown in FIG. 3 is grasping a tape cartridge with the robotic arm target positioned in close proximity to a cartridge cell;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 5 depicts a diagram illustrating a calibration target in accordance with the prior art;  
         [0016]    FIGS.  6 A- 6 B depict a side view and a top view diagram of a barcode scan apparatus suitable for use with a cartridge retrieval system in accordance with the present invention; and  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 7 depicts an exemplary calibration target having two bar codes positioned orthogonal to one another in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0018]    With reference now to the Figures and, in particular, with reference to FIG. 1, a top view of the overall architecture of a typical automated robotic tape library system  100  wherein the calibration system of the present invention is employed is depicted. A typical automated library system operates to store and retrieve a large number of magnetic tape cartridges for an associated host processor. Library system  100  includes an array  120  of circularly arranged cells  130  for storing magnetic tape cartridges. A robotic arm  110  is pivotally rotatable about the center of array  120  and contains a tape cartridge retrieval mechanism  145 .  
         [0019]    Referring now to FIG. 2, a side view of a segment of library system  100  is depicted in accordance with the present invention. Tape cartridge retrieval mechanism  145  is located in a position for retrieving and replacing tape cartridges in the tape cartridge storage cells  130 . The retrieved tape cartridges are loaded into a tape transport mechanism (tape drives)  210  in response to a read/write request from a host computer (not shown) which is connected to library system  100 . Tape cartridge storage cells  130  and tape drives  210  are arranged in columns  125  which are grouped in “panels”  135 .  
         [0020]    Library system  100  is provided as an example of a library system in which the present invention may be implemented. However, the present invention is not limited to use in silo type library systems, but may be used in any other type of library system, such as, for example, linear library systems and U-shaped library systems.  
         [0021]    Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, perspective cutaway views of a prior art robotic arm and storage cells suitable for use with tape library system  100  are depicted. FIG. 3 shows a perspective cutaway view of a tape library system showing several of the plurality of locations of target  300 .  
         [0022]    In the prior art, one or more “N”-shaped calibration targets  300  are located on each column  125  of tape cartridge storage cells  130 . The position of the robotic arm  110  with respect to the tape cartridge storage cells  130  is determined and adjusted by using a line scan camera vision system  360  to scan these calibration targets  300  located in each of the columns  125 . An “N”-shaped target  300 ′ located on the cartridge retrieval mechanism  145  is also used to calibrate the position of the camera  360  with respect to the cartridge retrieval mechanisms  145 .  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 4 illustrates the environment shown in FIG. 3 wherein the robotic arm retrieval mechanisms shown in FIG. 3 is grasping a tape cartridge  340  with the robotic arm target  300  positioned in close proximity to a cartridge cell.  
         [0024]    Referring now to FIG. 5, a diagram illustrating a calibration target, which can be implemented as calibration target  300  in FIG. 3, is depicted in accordance with the prior art. Position calibration target  300  comprises two elements, a background  504  and a plurality of positioning indicia  501 - 503  imprinted thereon. The positioning indicia  501 - 503  and the background  304  are selected to be easily distinguishable from each other to enable the line scan camera system to precisely delimit the plurality of positioning indicia  501 - 503  from the background  504 . This is accomplished by the use of contrasting colors whose reflectivity is significantly different. An example of this would be the use of white positioning indicia  501 - 503  printed on a black background  504 . The use of this difference in reflectivity simplifies the task of the line scan camera to delimit the position and boundaries of the plurality of positioning indicia  501 - 503 . Alternatively, other methods that provide high contrast, such as, for example, light producing elements, may be used to produce the target.  
         [0025]    As illustrated in FIG. 5, the plurality of positioning indicia  501 - 503  comprise a pair of parallel oriented, spaced apart, substantially rectangular bars  501  and  502 , each of which has a first end and a second end with, for example, the first end being located at the top of FIG. 5 and the bottom end being located at the bottom of FIG. 5 for the purpose of this description. The third positioning indicia comprises diagonal bar  503  which is substantially parallelogram shaped and extends diagonally from the first end of indicia  501  to the second end of indicia  502  such that indicia  503  comprises a diagonal bar that can be used as described below to assist in the position determination process. Each of the parallel indicia  501 ,  502  is of substantially the same dimensions having a width W 1  and a height H 1  while the parallelogram shaped bar  503  has a width W 2  and a height H 1 . The selection of exact values for these dimensions is a matter of design choice and is somewhat dictated by the selection of the line scan camera  460  used for the positioning determination. The overall target  500  has a width W 3  and a height H 2  such that the parallel oriented indicia  501 ,  502  extend substantially along the full height of target  500  while the diagonal indicia  503  traverses a significant portion of the width W 3  of target  500 . The parallelogram shaped indicia  503  as illustrated in FIG. 5 does not come in contact with either indicia  501  or  502  but is spaced apart there from by a distance D 1  in order to provide three distinct indicia for positioning purposes. Optionally, indicia  503  can be joined at either end with indicia  501  and  502  to form a substantially N-shaped pattern on target  300 . The parallelogram shaped indicia  503  is angled at an angle α from the horizontal as shown in FIG. 5.  
         [0026]    However, in the prior art, camera vision system  360  is a line scan camera and thus, takes up a considerable amount of space either above the robotic arm  110  and cartridge retrieval mechanism  145  (also referred to as a robotic hand or gripper) or below the robotic arm  110  and cartridge retrieval mechanism  145 . This extra space needed for the camera vision system  360  reduces the number of storage cells  130  that can be placed in a given area since vertical space needed to accommodate the camera vision system  360  cannot be used to provide storage cells  130 . Therefore, in order to increase the density of storage cells  130  in a particular library, the camera vision system  360  of the present invention is implemented as a barcode scanner rather than a line scan camera as was typical in the prior art. Barcode scanners are commonly available products used in systems, such as, for example, check out scanners for super markets and are well known in the art. A barcode scanner is smaller than a line scan camera. Therefore, less space is needed to accommodate the barcode scanner. Thus, more room is available for storage cells, thereby increasing the storage density of a storage library.  
         [0027]    With reference now to FIGS.  6 A- 6 B, side and top view diagrams of a barcode scan apparatus suitable for use with a cartridge retrieval system is depicted in accordance with the present invention. Barcode scan apparatus  602  may be implemented as camera vision system  360  in FIG. 3. Barcode scan apparatus  602  includes two barcode scan engines  604  and  605 . Barcode scan apparatus  602  is smaller than the line scan camera used in the prior art. Therefore, a smaller amount of space is necessary to accommodate the camera vision system  360 . Thus, more space in the library storage system may be devoted to storage cells, thereby increasing the storage density of the library storage system.  
         [0028]    Barcode scanners or engines have not been used for calibration purposes in the prior art because the output from barcode scanners is merely the decoded value of the bar code scanned by the barcode scanner. Therefore, barcode scanners do not provide any pixel data. Furthermore, the scan width of the laser scanner beam from barcode laser scanners is not controlled. Therefore, the proper calibration measurements cannot be made. One reason for this is that the width of the scanner scan path  611  and  612  is affected by movement in directions substantially parallel to the orientation of the scanner scan path  611  and  612 .  
         [0029]    In order to overcome these shortcomings, the present invention incorporates two barcode scan engines  604  and  605  and a target barcode  608 . Each of the two barcode scan engines  604  and  605  are oriented substantially orthogonal to one another such that one barcode scan engine  604  has a scanner scan path  611  in a direction that is substantially orthogonal to the direction of the scanner scan path  612  of the other barcode scan engine  605 . Each scan engine  604  reads a different component  609  and  610  of the target  608 .  
         [0030]    To determine the center of the target in one direction, for example, the theta direction, the robotic arm  110  is moved in the theta direction as depicted in FIG. 6B until the theta component  609  of target  608  first becomes readable by the barcode scanner engine  604  with its scan path  611  oriented in a direction substantially orthogonal to the theta direction. This position is recorded through the use of a positional encoding device. The robotic arm  110  continues to move in the theta direction until the target is no longer readable by the barcode scanner engine  604 . This position is also recorded. The center of the target in the theta direction is then the half distance position between these two positions.  
         [0031]    To determine the center position of the target with reference to the z-direction (i.e. a direction substantially orthogonal to the theta direction), the robotic arm  110  is moved in the z-direction as depicted in FIG. 6A until the z-component  610  of target  608  first becomes readable by the barcode scanner engine  605  that has its scan path  612  oriented in the theta direction (i.e. a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of movement of the robotic arm  110 ). This position is then recorded through the use of a positional encoding device. The robotic arm  110  continues to move in the z-direction until the target is no longer readable by the second scan engine  605 . This position is also recorded. The center of the z-component  610  of the target  608  in the z-direction is then the point halfway between these two z-direction coordinates. Thus, the center of the target for calibration purposes is determined using barcode scanners without resort to methods of limiting or controlling the scan width of the barcode scanners.  
         [0032]    With reference now to FIG. 7, a target having two barcodes positioned substantially orthogonal to one another is depicted in accordance with the present invention. Target  700  is an example of a target that may be used for target  608  in FIGS.  6 A- 6 B. Barcode  706  may be implemented as the theta component  609  of the target  608  in FIGS.  6 A- 6 B. Barcode  704  may be implemented as the z-component  610  of the target  608  in FIGS.  6 A- 6 B. The robotic arm  110  first moves in one of the directions, for example, the theta direction, and the barcode scanner  604  which has a scan path  611  not affected by movement in the theta direction, scans bar code  706  to determine the position at which the barcode  706  is first readable and the position at which the barcode  706  is no longer readable. The center  708  of the target, as defined on the target  700  for calibration purposes, in the theta direction is the position half way between these two points.  
         [0033]    The robotic arm  110  then moves in the z direction and the barcode laser scanner  605  whose scan path  612  is not affected by movement in the z direction scans barcode  704  to determine the position at which the barcode  704  becomes readable and the position at which the barcode  704  ceases to be readable. Again, the z-position of the center  708  of the target is determined by the position half way between these two values.  
         [0034]    The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. For example, other type of scan engines may be used rather than a laser scan engine.