Abstract:
Leveraging the ubiquitous nature of wireless devices and the popularity of (Short Message Service, Multimedia Message Service, etc.) messaging, an infrastructure that supports message-based conversations (with for example the maintenance or preservation of state, context, etc. across or during the message exchanges) allowing users of wireless devices to employ their wireless devices to engage in and complete increasingly more complicated activities. The infrastructure may optionally leverage the capabilities of a centrally-located Messaging Inter-Carrier Vendor.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application is related to concurrently-filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. to be determined, entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ENHANCED APPLICATION SERVER (Atty. Dkt. No. 1933.0750000), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
         [0002]    The present application is related to concurrently-filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. to be determined, entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MOBILE USER AUTHENTICATION (Atty. Dkt. No. 1933.0760000), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0004]    The present invention relates generally to telecommunications services. More particularly, the present invention relates to capabilities that enhance substantially the value and usefulness of various messaging paradigms including, inter alia, Short Message Service (SMS), Multimedia Message Service (MMS), etc. 
         [0005]    2. Background of the Invention 
         [0006]    As the ‘wireless revolution’ continues to march forward the importance to a Mobile Subscriber (MS)—for example a user of a Wireless Device (WD) such as a cellular telephone, a BlackBerry, a Palm Pilot, etc. that is serviced by a Wireless Carrier (WC)—of their WD grows substantially. 
         [0007]    One consequence of such a growing importance is the resulting ubiquitous nature of WDs—i.e., MSs carry them at almost all times and use them for an ever-increasing range of activities. 
         [0008]    Coincident with the expanding presence of WDs has been the explosive growth of messaging—a steady annual increase, year over year, in the number of (SMS, MMS, etc.) messages that have been exchanged by and between WDs. That steady increase shows no sign of abating. For example, as reported by the industry group CTIA (see ctia.org on the World Wide Web [WWW]) in the U. S. there were over 158 billion SMS messages sent during 2006 (representing a 95% increase over 2005) and there were over 2.7 billion MMS messages sent during 2006 (representing a 100% increase over 2005). 
         [0009]    Additionally, MSs would like to be able to use their WDs to engage in and complete increasingly more complicated activities (beyond, for example, exchanging simple messages with their friends, receiving one-way news/weather/financial/etc. notifications, etc.). Many of those activities require a coordinated exchange of multiple SMS, MMS, etc. messages—i.e., a (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation with possibly inter alia the maintenance or preservation of state, context, etc. across (i.e., during) the message exchanges. As just one illustrative example: 
         [0010]    1) Mary, a hypothetical MS, might receive on her WD a message from one of her financial institutions informing her that one of her accounts has become overdrawn and asking her if she wishes to transfer money to the overdrawn account. 
         [0011]    2) Mary might reply with ‘Yes.’ 
         [0012]    3) Mary might receive a message from the financial institution listing her other accounts, their available balances, and asking her from which account she wishes to transfer the funds. 
         [0013]    4) Mary might reply with ‘2’ (indicating the second of the listed accounts). 
         [0014]    5) Mary might receive a message from the financial institution asking her how much money she wishes to transfer. 
         [0015]    6) Mary might reply with ‘100’ (indicating $100). 
         [0016]    7) Mary might receive a confirmation message from the financial institution. 
         [0017]    The specific example that was described above is illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other examples are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0018]    Previous technologies (including for example monolithic systems such as mainframe computers and distributed systems such as client-server environments and n-tier environments) have addressed the maintenance or preservation of state, context, etc. across (i.e., during) individual exchanges through techniques such as session identifiers, Uniform Resource Locator (URL) rewriting, cookies, etc. However basic WD-based messaging paradigms such as SMS and MMS offer no such capabilities. 
         [0019]    Given (1) the ubiquitous nature of WDs, (2) the popularity of (SMS, MMS, etc.) messaging, and (3) the need for MSs to use their WDs to engage in and complete increasingly more complicated activities, it would be desirable to enhance basic WD-based messaging through the innovatory support of (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversations. 
         [0020]    Aspects of the present invention facilitate such (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversations in new, creative, and unconventional ways and address various of the not insubstantial challenges that are associated with same. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0021]    In one embodiment of the present invention there is provided a method for generating a (SMS, MMS, etc.) message containing at least one or more options, the options indicative of the current state of a (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation; sending the message to a WD of a MS; receiving from the WD of the MS a reply, the reply containing at least one of the options; performing at least one processing step on aspects of the reply, using at least in part information concerning the message-based conversation, yielding a next state of the (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation; and preserving at least the next state of the (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation in a repository. 
         [0022]    These and other features of the embodiments of the present invention, along with their attendant advantages, will be more fully appreciated upon a reading of the following detailed description in conjunction with the associated drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0023]    The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, depict embodiments of the present invention and, together with the summary that was presented above and the description that may be found below, further serve to illustrate inter alia the principles, structure, and operation of such embodiments. It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous variations, modifications, alternative forms, etc. of the depicted embodiments are easily possible and indeed are within the scope of the present invention. 
           [0024]      FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic presentation of an exemplary Messaging Inter-Carrier Vendor (MICV). 
           [0025]      FIG. 2  illustrates one particular arrangement that is possible through aspects of the present invention. 
           [0026]      FIG. 3  illustrates various of the exchanges or interactions that are possible during an optional registration portion of the present invention. 
           [0027]      FIG. 4  illustrates various of the exchanges or interactions that are supported by aspects of the present invention. 
           [0028]      FIG. 5  is a diagrammatic presentation of aspects of an exemplary Service Provider (SP) Application Server (AS). 
           [0029]      FIG. 6  depicts an illustrative alerting system that is possible under aspects of the present invention. 
           [0030]      FIG. 7  depicts an example computer system through which embodiments of aspects of the present invention may be implemented. 
       
    
    
       [0031]    Throughout the drawings (a) like reference numbers generally indicate identical or functionally similar elements and (b) the left-most digit(s) of a reference number generally identify the drawing in which the reference number first appears. For example, in  FIG. 4  reference numeral  318  would direct the reader to  FIG. 3  for the first appearance of that element. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0032]    It should be noted that the embodiments that are described below are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore the details that are disclosed below are not to be interpreted as limiting but merely as the basis for possibly inter alia (a) teaching one of ordinary skill in the relevant art how to make and/or use the invention and (b) the claims. 
         [0033]    The present invention may leverage the capabilities of a centrally-located, full-featured MICV facility. Reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 7,154,901 entitled “Intermediary network system and method for facilitating message exchange between wireless networks,” and its associated continuations, for a description of a MICV, a summary of various of the services/functions/etc. that are performed by a MICV, and a discussion of the numerous advantages that arise from same. U.S. Pat. No. 7,154,901 and its associated continuations are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
         [0034]    As illustrated in  FIG. 1  and reference numeral  100  a MICV  120  is disposed between, possibly inter alia: 
         [0035]    1) Multiple WCs (WC 1    114 , WC 2    116 →WC Z    118 ) on one side, and 
         [0036]    2) Multiple SPs (SP 1    122 →SP Z    124 ), entities that may possibly inter alia provide a range of services/products/etc. to MSs, on the other side 
         [0037]    and thus ‘bridges’ all of the connected entities. A MICV  120  thus, as one simple example, may offer various routing, formatting, delivery, value-add, etc. capabilities that provide, possibly inter alia: 
         [0038]    1) A WC  114 → 118  (and, by extension, all of the MSs  102 → 104 ,  106 → 108 ,  110 → 112  that are serviced by the WC  114 → 118 ) with ubiquitous access to a broad universe of SPs  122 → 124 , and 
         [0039]    2) A SP  122 → 124  with ubiquitous access to a broad universe of WCs  114 → 118  (and, by extension, to all ofthe MSs  102 → 104 ,  106 → 108 ,  110 → 112  that are serviced by the WCs  114 → 118 ). 
         [0040]    Generally speaking a MICV may have varying degrees of visibility (e.g., access, etc.) to the (MS←→MS, MS←→SP, etc.) messaging traffic: 
         [0041]    1) A WC may elect to route just their out-of-network messaging traffic to a MICV. Under this approach the MICV would have visibility (e.g., access, etc.) to just the portion of the WC&#39;s messaging traffic that was directed to the MICV by the WC. 
         [0042]    2) A WC may elect to route all of their messaging traffic to a MICV. The MICV may, possibly among other things, subsequently return to the WC that portion of the messaging traffic that belongs to (i.e., that is destined for a MS of) the WC. Under this approach the MICV would have visibility (e.g., access, etc.) to all of the WC&#39;s messaging traffic. 
         [0043]    While the discussion below will include a MICV, it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that other arrangements are equally applicable and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0044]    In the discussion below aspects of the present invention will be described and illustrated as being offered by a SP (i.e., as noted above an entity that may possibly inter alia provide a range of services/products/etc. to MSs). A SP may, for example, be realized as an independent service bureau, an element of or within some organization (such as possibly inter alia a financial institution, a retail establishment, an on-line retailer, etc.), an element of a WC or a landline carrier, an element of a MICV, multiple entities (such as for example those just listed) or aspects of same working together, etc. 
         [0045]    For purposes of exposition in the discussion below aspects of the present invention will be described and illustrated as being offered by a SP working together with a Third Party (3P). A 3P may, for example, be a financial institution, a retail establishment, an on-line retailer, a utility company, an employer, etc. It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other arrangements (e.g., all of the activities that are described below being supported just by a SP, all of the activities that are described below being supported just by a 3P, various of the activities that are described below being supported by one or more SPs working together with one or more 3Ps, etc.) are equally applicable and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0046]    In the discussion below reference will be made to messages that are sent, for example, between a MS and a SP. As set forth below, a given ‘message’ sent between a MS and a SP may actually comprise a series of steps in which the message is received, forwarded, and routed between different entities, including possibly inter alia a MS, a WC, a MICV, and a SP. Thus, unless otherwise indicated, it will be understood that reference to a particular message generally includes that particular message as conveyed at any stage between an origination source, such as for example a MS, and an end receiver, such as for example a SP. As such, reference to a particular message generally includes a series of related communications between, for example, a MS and a WC; a WC and a MICV; a MICV and a SP; etc. The series of related communications may, in general, contain substantially the same information, or information may be added or subtracted in different communications that nevertheless may be generally referred to as a same message. To aid in clarity, a particular message, whether undergoing changes or not, is referred to by different reference numbers at different stages between a source and an endpoint of the message. 
         [0047]    To better understand the particulars of the present invention consider for a moment a simple hypothetical example—SP SP N  offers a service that has been enhanced or augmented as provided through aspects of the instant invention and Mary, a MS, uses SP N &#39;s service. 
         [0048]      FIG. 2  and reference numeral  200  depict one particular arrangement that may be possible under our hypothetical example. As indicated, all of the messaging traffic of numerous MSs (MS 1    102 →MS a    104  and MS 1    110 →MS c    112 , including Mary), serviced by various WCs (WC 1    114 →WC Z    118 ), is exchanged with a MICV  120  and the MICV  120  is connected with SP N    202  (a SP that offers, possibly inter alia, aspects of the present invention). 
         [0049]      FIG. 3  and reference numeral  300  illustrate various of the exchanges or interactions that might occur under an optional registration portion of our hypothetical example. Such a registration process may be tailored (e.g., the range of information gathered, the scope of services subsequently offered, etc.) to the class of user—e.g., possibly inter alia different types, categories, etc. of users may complete different registration processes. Additionally, a registration process may be supported or offered by any combination of one or more entities (e.g., a 3P such as a financial institution, a retail establishment, an on-line retailer, an employer, a utility company, etc.; a SP; etc.). As well, some or all of the information that is collected during a registration process may be shared or exchanged between any combination of one or more entities (e.g., a SP, a 3P, etc.). Thus a MS may complete a (required or optional) registration process with any number of entities and aspects of the information that is collected during a given registration process may be shared or exchanged between any number of entities. The registration process that is depicted through  FIG. 3  is supported or offered by a SP (specifically by SP N    202 ). 
         [0050]    Of interest and note in  FIG. 3  are the following entities: 
         [0051]    MS  302  WD  306 . For example, a mobile telephone, BlackBerry, PalmPilot, etc. belonging to Mary  302 . 
         [0052]    MS  302  Personal Computer (PC)  308 . For example, a home, work, etc. PC of Mary  302 . 
         [0053]    WC  310 . The provider of service for a WD  306  of Mary  302 . 
         [0054]    MICV  120 . As noted above the use of a MICV, although not required, provides significant advantages. 
         [0055]    SP N    202  Web Server (WS)  314 . A publicly-available WWW site that is optionally provided by SP N    202 . 
         [0056]    SP N    202  Billing Interface (BI)  316 . A single, consolidated interface that SP N    202  may use to easily reach, possibly inter alia, one or more internal and/or external entities such as a credit card or debit card clearinghouse, a carrier billing system, a service bureau that provides access to multiple carrier billing systems, invoicing or billing facilities, etc. 
         [0057]    SP N    202  AS  318 . Facilities that provide key elements of the instant invention (which will be described below). 
         [0058]    SP N    202  Gateway (GW)  320 . A facility through which SP N    304  may exchange possibly inter alia (SMS, MMS, etc.) messages with possibly inter alia a MICV  120 . 
         [0059]    It is important to note that while in  FIG. 3  the MS  302  WD  306  and MS  302  PC  308  entities are illustrated as being adjacent or otherwise near each other, in actual practice the entities may, for example, be physically located anywhere. 
         [0060]    In  FIG. 3  the exchanges that are collected under the designation Set 1 represent the activities that might take place as Mary  302  completes a registration process with SP N    202 : 
         [0061]    A) Mary  302  uses one of her PCs  308  to visit a WS  314  of SP N    202  to, possibly among other things, complete a service registration process (see  322 → 324 ). 
         [0062]    B) A WS  314  of SP N    202  interacts with an AS  318  of SP N    202  to, possibly among other things, commit some or all of the information that Mary  302  provided to one or more data repositories (e.g., a databases), optionally initiate a billing transaction, etc. (see  326 ). 
         [0063]    C) As appropriate and as required a BI  316  completes a billing transaction (see  328 → 330 ). 
         [0064]    D) After receiving a response from an AS  318  of SP N    202  ( 332 ) a WS  314  of SP N    202  responds appropriately (e.g., with the presentation of a confirmation message, etc.) (see  334 → 336 ). 
         [0065]    The specific exchanges that were described above (as residing under the designation Set 1) are illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other exchanges are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. For example, the collected information may be reviewed, confirmed, etc. through one or more manual and/or automatic mechanisms. For example, the registration process may be completed through any combination of one or more channels including, inter alia, the WWW, wireless messaging (SMS, MMS, etc.), Electronic Mail (E-Mail) messages, Instant Messaging (IM), conventional mail, telephone, an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) facility, etc. 
         [0066]    During the registration process described above a range of information may be captured from a MS including, possibly inter alia: 
         [0067]    A) Identifying Information. For example, possibly among other things, name, address, age, landline and wireless Telephone Numbers (TNs), E-Mail addresses, IM names/identifiers, a unique identifier and a password, etc. 
         [0068]    B) Account Information. For example, possibly among other things, various of the particulars for one or more of a MS&#39; accounts (with organizations such as, possibly inter alia, WWW sites, utility companies, financial institutions, on-line retailers, etc.). The particulars may include, possibly inter alia, organization name and contact details, account number, account access credentials, etc. 
         [0069]    C) Billing Information. For example, the particulars (such as, possibly inter alia, name, account/routing/etc. numbers, etc.) for financial institution (bank, brokerage, etc.) accounts, credit cards, debit cards, etc. As well, possibly the selection of one or more of the different service billing models may be offered by a SP (including, inter alia, a fixed one-time charge, a recurring [monthly, etc.] fixed charge, a recurring [monthly, etc.] variable charge, a per-transaction charge, etc.) and possibly the selection of one or more of the different payment mechanisms that may be offered by a SP (including, possibly among other things, credit or debit card information, authorization to place a charge on a MS&#39;s phone bill, authorization to deduct funds from a MS&#39; [bank, brokerage, etc.] account, etc.). 
         [0070]    The specific pieces of information that were described above are illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other pieces of information (e.g., additional Identifying Information, scheduled daily/weekly/etc. reporting desired and/or on-demand reporting desired, etc.) are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0071]    As noted above the information that Mary provided during the registration process may be preserved in a data repository (e.g., a database) and may optionally be organized as a MS Profile. 
         [0072]    The content of Mary&#39;s profile may be augmented by SP N    202  to include, as just a few examples of the many possibilities, internal and/or external demographic, psychographic, sociological, etc. data. 
         [0073]    As noted above, a SP&#39;s BI may optionally complete a billing transaction. The billing transaction may take any number of forms and may involve different external entities (e.g., a WC&#39;s billing system, a carrier billing system service bureau, a credit or debit card clearinghouse, a financial institution, etc.). The billing transaction may include, inter alia: 
         [0074]    1) The appearance of a line item charge on the bill or statement that a MS receives from her WC. 
         [0075]    2) The charging of a credit card or the debiting of a debit card. 
         [0076]    3) The (electronic, etc.) transfer of funds. 
         [0077]    4) The generation of an invoice, statement, etc. 
         [0078]    In  FIG. 3  the exchanges that are collected under the designation Set 2 represent the activities that might take place as SP N    202  optionally coordinates, etc. with one or more external entities to, possibly among other things, secure access, exchange and/or confirm collected information, arrange to receive updates, etc. (see  338 → 340 ). During such exchanges SP N    202  may employ any combination of one or more of possibly inter alia an Application Programming Interface (API), an interface layer, an abstraction layer, communication protocols, etc. 
         [0079]    The specific exchanges that were described above (as residing under the designation Set 2) are illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other exchanges (including, inter alia, updates to various of the information in a MS Profile in a SP&#39;s repository, etc.) are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0080]    In  FIG. 3  the exchanges that are collected under the designation Set 3 represent the activities that might take place as an AS  318  of SP N    202  dispatches to Mary  302  one or more confirmation E-Mail messages (see  342 → 344 ). 
         [0081]    The specific exchanges that were described above (as residing under the designation Set 3) are illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other exchanges (including, inter alia, the dispatch of multiple E-mail messages [i.e., multiple instances of the sequence  342 → 344 ], the reply by Mary  302  to a received E-mail message, etc.) are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0082]    In  FIG. 3  the exchanges that are collected under the designation Set 4 represent the activities that might take place as an AS  318  of SP N    202  dispatches one or more confirmation SMS, MMS, etc. messages to a WD  306  of Mary  302  ( 346 → 352 ) and Mary  302  optionally replies or responds to the message(s) ( 354 → 360 ). Of interest and note are: 
         [0083]    1) In the instant example the messages are shown traversing a MICV  120 . 
         [0084]    2) SP N    202  may employ a Short Code (SC) or a regular TN as its source address (and to which it would ask users of its service to direct any reply messages). While the abbreviated length of a SC (e.g., five digits for a SC administered by Neustar uder the Common Short Code [CSC] program) incrementally enhances the experience of a MS  302  (e.g., Mary  302  need remember and enter only a few digits as the destination address of a reply message) it also, by definition, constrains the universe of available SCs thereby causing each individual SC to be a limited or scarce resource and raising a number of SC/CSC management, etc. issues. A description of a common (i.e., universal) short code environment may be found in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/742,764 entitled “Universal Short Code administration facility.” 
         [0085]    The specific exchanges that were described above (as residing under the designation Set 4) are illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other exchanges are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0086]    The Set 1, Set 2, Set 3, and Set 4 exchanges that were described above are illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other exchanges are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. For example, possibly inter alia, aspects of the registration information that was described above may subsequently be managed (e.g., existing information may be edited or removed, new information may be added, etc.) through any combination of one or more channels including, inter alia, a WWW facility, wireless messaging (SMS, MMS, etc.), E-Mail messages, IM exchanges, conventional mail, telephone, IVR facilities, etc. Additionally, aspects of the registration information may be exchanged with one or more entities (such as possibly inter alia a 3P such as a financial institution, a retail establishment, an on-line retailer, an employer, a utility company, etc.; another SP; etc.). 
         [0087]    To continue with our hypothetical example . . . as Mary goes about her daily activities there may arise numerous instances where she would like to employ her WD to possibly inter alia: 
         [0088]    1) Determine the balance of one of her (bank, brokerage, credit card, etc.) accounts. 
         [0089]    2) Complete the payment portion of a purchase (from, for example, an on-line retailer, etc.). 
         [0090]    3) Transfer money between various of her (bank, brokerage, credit card, etc.) accounts, transfer money from one of her (bank, brokerage, credit card, etc.) accounts to someone else, transfer money to someone else (perhaps another MS) with the amount of the transfer (along with, for example, charges, fees, etc.) appearing on her WC statement, etc. 
         [0091]    4) Receive notification of an account overdraft situation and be able to address the situation (through for example the infusion of funds to the overdrawn account). 
         [0092]    5) Receive notification of a pending credit card, etc. transaction and be able to possibly inter alia accept or reject the transaction. 
         [0093]    The specific examples that were cataloged above are illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other examples are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0094]      FIG. 4  and reference numeral  400  provide a framework within which examples, such those cataloged above and others that would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art, may be examined vis-à-vis aspects of the present invention. The entities that are depicted in  FIG. 4  are the same as were depicted in, and described for,  FIG. 3  with one exception: 
         [0095]    Third Party (3P)  402 . An organization such as, possibly inter alia, a financial institution, a retail establishment, an on-line retailer, an employer, a utility company, etc. 
         [0096]    As noted previously, while the discussion below presents aspects of the present invention as being offered by a SP working together with a 3P it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other arrangements (e.g., all of the activities that are described below being supported just by a SP, all of the activities that are described below being supported just by a 3P, various of the activities that are described below being supported by one or more SPs working together with one or more 3Ps, etc.) are equally applicable and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0097]    In  FIG. 4  the exchanges that are collected under the designation Set 1 represent the activities that might take place as a 3P  402  initiates a (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation with Mary  302  by dispatching a request to an AS  318  of SP N    202  (see  404 ). Such a request may employ among other things any combination of one or more of possibly inter alia an API, RPCs, an interface layer, an abstraction layer, communication protocols, Extensible Markup Language (XML) documents, etc. and may include among other things information about Mary  302  (such as for example identifier, access credentials, the address [e.g., TN] of her WD  306 , etc.), various particulars of the desired (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation, etc. 
         [0098]    AS  318  may complete a range of internal processing activities (described in detail below) including possibly inter alia validating any supplied information, determining various of the particulars for the desired (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation, etc. During its processing activities AS  318  may among other things possibly leverage: 
         [0099]    1) One or more repositories containing information about Mary  302  (e.g., as previously collected during a registration process, as previously received from one or more external entities [such as 3P  402 ], etc.). 
         [0100]    2) A body of dynamically updateable configuration information or data (for among other things the different types of supported [SMS, MMS, etc.] message-based conversations, etc.). 
         [0101]    3) Bodies of flexible, extensible, and dynamically configurable logic or rules (governing among other things the operation of a [SMS, MMS, etc.] message-based conversation, etc.). 
         [0102]    SMS, MMS, etc. message requests may be directed to a GW  320  of SP N    202  (see  406 ) where one or more (SMS, MMS, etc.) messages, containing possibly inter alia aspects of the (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation (e.g., perhaps a question or an alert followed by one or more reply options), may be dispatched to a WD  306  of Mary  302  (see  408 → 412 ). 
         [0103]    The specific exchanges that were described above (as residing under the designation Set 1) are illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other exchanges are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. For example: 
         [0104]    1) While the example that was presented above illustrated a system-initiated (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation (through the dispatch by a system of one or more Mobile Terminated [MT] messages to a WD) it is also possible to have a user-initiated (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation (through the dispatch by a user of a WD of one or more Mobile Originated [MO] messages to a system). 
         [0105]    2) SP N    202  may obtain the address (e.g., the TN) of the WD  306  of Mary  302  through any number of means including, for example, from 3P  402  (as described above), from one or more repositories within SP N    202  (possibly leveraging registration information that was provided by Mary  302  and which was supplied to SP N    202  either directly or indirectly), etc. 
         [0106]    3) In any dispatched notification messages SP N    202  may employ any number of addresses (including, possibly inter alia, a SC, a TN, etc.) to which it would ask users to direct any reply messages. 
         [0107]    4) SP N    202  may optionally alert 3P  402  (and/or one or more other entities) to the generation and the dispatch of one or more (SMS, MMS, etc.) messages. 
         [0108]    5) Dispatched (SMS, MMS, etc.) messages may optionally contain, possibly inter alia, descriptive or explanatory text, confirmation information, contact information, a request to call (e.g., a help center) at a particular TN, etc. 
         [0109]    In  FIG. 4  the exchanges that are collected under the designation Set 2 represent the activities that might take place as Mary  302  replies to a received SMS, MMS, etc. message (see  414 → 422 ). 
         [0110]    The specific exchanges that were described above (as residing under the designation Set 2) are illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other exchanges are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. For example: 
         [0111]    1) Based on any received replies from Mary  302  SP N    202  may optionally complete one or more additional processing steps. 
         [0112]    2) The sequence  404 → 412  and  414 → 422  may be repeated any number of times. 
         [0113]    The Set 1 and Set 2 exchanges that were described above are illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other exchanges are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. For example: 
         [0114]    1) A MS may optionally need to acknowledge a SMS, MMS, etc. message (by, for example, replying to same) within a defined period of time (after which an unacknowledged message may, possibly inter alia, go ‘stale’ and not be usable). 
         [0115]    2) A particular (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation reply value may optionally be designated as being single-use, multi-use, etc. 
         [0116]    3) A SP may incorporate additional factors, criteria, tests, etc. during various of its processing activities including possibly inter alia MS Location-Based Service (LBS) and/or Global Positioning System (GPS) information, biometric information, etc. 
         [0117]    4) During its different activities an SP may complete any number of billing, reporting, etc. transactions. 
         [0118]    5) An SP may track a MS&#39; usage, aggregate same, optionally offer (to the MS, to external entities such as a 3P, etc.) discounts, rebates, surcharges, etc. based on the tracked usage, etc. 
         [0119]    6) During its processing steps an AS may employ any combination of a number of automated (e.g., through software solutions) and/or manual (e.g., through human intervention) actions, techniques, capabilities, etc. and each of the techniques, strategies, capabilities, etc. that were described above may have associated with it, possibly inter alia, an optional set of weighting, scoring, confidence, etc. factors that may be used, either individually or together, to develop results. 
         [0120]    The catalog of processing steps, activities, etc. that was described above is illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other processing steps, activities, etc. are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0121]    As described above, during a (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation a SP&#39;s AS may possibly inter alia maintain context or state across or during numerous (SMS, MMS, etc.) message exchanges. It is important to note that: 
         [0122]    1) An AS may employ a key during a (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation. Such a key may for example be the TN of a MS&#39; WD, be a dynamically generated value that an AS may associate with a MS&#39; WD, etc. and may be explicitly or implicitly included in various of the SMS, MMS, etc. messages. 
         [0123]    2) While an individual (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation may be synchronous (i.e., the conversation does not advance until a MS replies to a received SMS, MMS, etc. message) there may be multiple simultaneous conversations open or ongoing at any given time. 
         [0124]    3) An AS may realize a (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation through a flexible, extensible, and dynamically configurable Finite State Machine (FSM). For example: 
         [0125]    A) A particular state of a FSM may define possibly inter alia a specific step of a (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation and may contain, possibly among other things, text for questions, alerts, etc.; available replies; etc. 
         [0126]    B) At any given state (or condition) of a FSM a particular input may result in among other things a transition to a new state with possibly inter alia a range of actions (e.g., updates to repositories; exchanges with external entities; one or more SMS, MMS, etc. messages; etc.). 
         [0127]    C) Multiple inputs may be defined for any given state, with each input possibly leading to one or more different (new) states. 
         [0128]    D) A range of flexible, extensible, and dynamically configurable reply edit, validation, analysis, confirmation, etc. rules may be defined for, or attached to, any given state. 
         [0129]    4) An AS may encapsulate the particulars of a FSM through a plug-in paradigm or architecture allowing for, possibly inter alia, the quick installation of new plug-ins (FSMs). 
         [0130]    To help illustrate the material that was just discussed consider the following hypothetical. Imagine that the TN of Mary&#39;s WD is 7035551212 and that three different (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversations are open or underway. Under the first conversation a message to Mary (concerning an account overdraft situation) might identify three accounts—ACT 11  #50000, ACT 12  #50001, and ACT 13  #50003—from which Mary may transfer funds. Under the second conversation a message to Mary (concerning a bill payment) might identify two accounts—ACT 21  #50001 and ACT 22  #50003—from which Mary may draw the necessary flnds. Under the third conversation a message to Mary (concerning the authorization of a credit card transaction) might identify two possible replies—Y 3  for Yes and N 3  for No. 
         [0131]    Mary might reply to the message that is connected with the second conversation with ACT 22  and then reply to the message that is connected with the first conversation with ACT 11  and then reply to the message that is connected with the third conversation with N 3 . While all three message exchanges may be keyed to 7035551212 (the TN of Mary&#39;s WD) the coding or the structure of the reply values (ACT 22 , ACT 11 , N 3 ) allow the system to among other things associate a reply to its conversation (ACT 22 ←→the second conversation, ACT 11 ←→the first conversation, N 3 ←→the third conversation) and, for example, support asynchronous or out-of-sequence exchanges. 
         [0132]    It is to be understood that the example that was described above is illustrative only and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other identification and tracking models, paradigms, etc. are easily possible and indeed are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0133]    The confirmation, response, etc. message(s) that were described above may optionally contain an informational element—e.g., a relevant or applicable factoid, etc. The informational element may be selected statically (e.g., all generated messages are injected with the same informational text), randomly (e.g., a generated message is injected with informational text that is randomly selected from a pool of available informational text), or location-based (i.e., a generated message is injected with informational text that is selected from a pool of available informational text based on the current physical location of the recipient of the message as derived from, as one example, a LBS, GPS, etc. facility). 
         [0134]    The confirmation, response, etc. message(s) that were identified above may optionally contain advertising—e.g., textual material if an SMS model is being utilized, or multimedia (images of brand logos, sound, video snippets, etc.) material if an MMS model is being utilized. The advertising material may be selected statically (e.g., all generated messages are injected with the same advertising material), randomly (e.g., a generated message is injected with advertising material that is randomly selected from a pool of available material), or location-based (i.e., a generated message is injected with advertising material that is selected from a pool of available material based on the current physical location of the recipient of the message as derived from, as one example, a LBS, GPS, etc. facility). 
         [0135]    The confirmation, response, etc. message(s) that were identified above may optionally contain promotional materials (e.g., still images, video clips, etc.). 
         [0136]      FIG. 5  and reference numeral  500  provides a diagrammatic presentation of aspects of an exemplary SP AS  318 . The illustrated AS  318  contains several key components—Gateways (GW 1    508 →GW a    510  in the diagram), Incoming Queues (IQ 1    512 →IQ b    514  in the diagram), WorkFlows (WorkFlow 1    516 →WorkFlow d    518  in the diagram), Database  520 , Outgoing Queues (OQ 1    522 →OQ c    524  in the diagram), and an Administrator  526 . It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other components are possible within an AS  318 . 
         [0137]    A dynamically updateable set of one or more Gateways (GW 1    508 →GW a    510  in the diagram) handle incoming (SMS/MMS/etc. messaging, etc.) traffic  504 → 506  and outgoing (SMS/MMS/etc. messaging, etc.) traffic  504 → 506 . A GW may support the receipt of incoming traffic  504 → 506  and the dispatch of outgoing traffic  504 → 506  via any combination of one or more of the available public and/or proprietary messaging paradigms including possibly inter alia Short Message Peer-to-Peer (SMPP), Computer Interface to Message Distribution (CIMD), External Machine Interface (EMI)/Universal Computer Protocol (UCP), Signaling System Seven (SS7) Mobile Application Part (MAP), MM4, MM7, etc. 
         [0138]    Incoming traffic  504 → 506  is accepted and deposited on an intermediate or temporary Incoming Queue (IQ 1    512 →IQ b    514  in the diagram) for subsequent processing. Processed artifacts are removed from an intermediate or temporary Outgoing Queue (OQ 1    522 →OQ c    524  in the diagram) and then dispatched  504 → 506 . 
         [0139]    A dynamically updateable set of one or more Incoming Queues (IQ 1    512 →IQ b    514  in the diagram) and a dynamically updateable set of one or more Outgoing Queues (OQ 1    522 →OQ 1    524  in the diagram) operate as intermediate or temporary buffers for incoming  504 → 506  and outgoing traffic  504 → 506 . 
         [0140]    A dynamically updateable set of one or more WorkFlows (WorkFlow 1    516 →WorkFlow d    518  in the diagram) possibly inter alia remove incoming traffic  504 → 506  from an intermediate or temporary Incoming Queue (IQ 1    512 →IQ b    514  in the diagram), perform all of the required processing operations, and deposit processed artifacts on an intermediate or temporary Outgoing Queue (OQ 1    522 →OQ c    524  in the diagram). The WorkFlow component will be described more fully below. 
         [0141]    The Database  520  that is depicted in  FIG. 5  is a logical representation of the possibly multiple physical repositories that may be implemented to support, inter alia, configuration, profile, monitoring, alerting, etc. information. The physical repositories may be implemented through any combination of conventional Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMSs) such as Oracle, through Object Database Management Systems (ODBMSs), through in-memory Database Management Systems (DBMSs), or through any other equivalent facilities. 
         [0142]    An Administrator  526  that is depicted in  FIG. 5  provides management or administrative control over all of the different components of an AS  318  through, as one example, a WWW-based interface  528 . It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other interfaces (e.g., a data feed, an API, etc.) are easily possible. 
         [0143]    Through flexible, extensible, and dynamically updatable configuration information a WorkFlow component may be quickly and easily realized to support any number of activities. For example, WorkFlows might be configured to support a registration process; to support interactions with external entities; to support various internal processing steps (as described above) including, possibly inter alia, (1) the evaluation of received request messages, (2) the generation, preservation, etc. of (SMS, MMS, etc.) message-based conversation particulars (e.g., question or alert text, available replies, etc.) and (3) the generation and dispatch of response messages; to support the generation and dispatch of confirmation, etc. messages; to support various billing transactions; to support the generation of scheduled and/or on-demand reports; etc. The specific WorkFlows that were just described are exemplary only; it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other WorkFlow arrangements, alternatives, etc. are easily possible. 
         [0144]    A SP may maintain a repository (e.g., a database) into which selected details of all administrative, messaging, etc. activities may be recorded. Among other things, such a repository may be used to support: 
         [0145]    1) Scheduled (e.g., daily, weekly, etc.) and/or on-demand reporting with report results delivered through SMS, MMS, etc. messages; through E-Mail; through a WWW-based facility; etc. 
         [0146]    2) Scheduled and/or on-demand data mining initiatives (possibly leveraging or otherwise incorporating one or more external data sources) with the results of same presented through Geographic Information Systems (GISs), visualization, etc. facilities and delivered through SMS, MMS, etc. messages; through E-Mail; through a WWW-based facility; etc. 
         [0147]      FIG. 6  depicts an alerting system  600  that employs SMS message-based conversations which that may be realized through aspects of the present invention. An external system  616  (such as for example a financial institution, etc.) may dispatch an alert notification (see  624 , e.g., an account is overdrawn, a defined threshold has been exceeded, etc.) to an actionable alert service  614  which among other things may contain core logic for handling different types of alerts. 
         [0148]    After completing various processing activities an actionable alert service  614  may notify (see  626 ) an actionable alert processor  612  which may, among other things, based on alert type, etc. pass various alert details (see  628 ) on to an appropriate plug-in  604 . 
         [0149]    A plug-in  604  may complete a range of internal, possibly alert-specific, processing activities (which may leverage among other things flexible, extensible, and dynamically configurable definitional information) to for example initialize or update a FSM, define the universe of acceptable replies to issued SMS messages, etc. A plug-in  604  may for each SMS message that is generated direct the message to an SMS sender  608  (see  630 → 632 ) which may, among other things, dispatch the message to the intended MS&#39; WD  606  (see  636 ). A plug-in  604  may optionally update an external system  616  to various of its activities (see  620 → 622  involving possibly an external system-specific connector  602 ). 
         [0150]    An SMS receiver  610  may collect replies (see  638 ) from the MS&#39; WD  606  and among other things pass them along to an actionable alert processor  612  (see  634 ) for processing at same and possibly inter alia dispatch to an appropriate plug-in  604  (see  628 ) for among other things validation and processing (e.g., to advance the state of an FSM, etc.). 
         [0151]    By isolating the details of the organization, operation, etc. of an SMS message-based conversation to a plug-in  604  the functionality of the depicted SMS-based alerting system  600  may quickly and easily be extended to for example encompass new SMS message-based conversations. 
         [0152]    Various aspects of the present invention can be implemented by software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof.  FIG. 7  illustrates an example computer system  700  in which the present invention, or portions thereof, (such as described above under paragraphs  47 → 84 , paragraphs  92 → 130 , paragraphs  134 → 144 , and paragraphs  145 → 149 ) can be implemented as computer-readable code. Various embodiments of the invention are described in terms of this example computer system  700 . After reading this description, it will become apparent to a person skilled in the relevant art how to implement the invention using other computer systems and/or computer architectures. 
         [0153]    Computer system  700  includes one or more processors, such as processor  704 . Processor  704  can be a special purpose processor or a general purpose processor. Processor  704  is connected to a communication infrastructure  702  (for example, a bus or a network). 
         [0154]    Computer system  700  also includes a main memory  706 , preferably Random Access Memory (RAM), containing possibly inter alia computer software and/or data  708 . 
         [0155]    Computer system  700  may also include a secondary memory  710 . Secondary memory  710  may include, for example, a hard disk drive  712 , a removable storage drive  714 , a memory stick, etc. A removable storage drive  714  may comprise a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, a flash memory, or the like. A removable storage drive  714  reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit  716  in a well known manner. A removable storage unit  716  may comprise a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, etc. which is read by and written to by removable storage drive  714 . As will be appreciated by persons skilled in the relevant art(s) removable storage unit  716  includes a computer usable storage medium  718  having stored therein possibly inter alia computer software and/or data  720 . 
         [0156]    In alternative implementations, secondary memory  710  may include other similar means for allowing computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into computer system  700 . Such means may include, for example, a removable storage unit  724  and an interface  722 . Examples of such means may include a program cartridge and cartridge interface (such as that found in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory [EPROM], or Programmable Read-Only Memory [PROM]) and associated socket, and other removable storage units  724  and interfaces  722  which allow software and data to be transferred from the removable storage unit  724  to computer system  700 . 
         [0157]    Computer system  700  may also include an input interface  726  and a range of input devices  728  such as, possibly inter alia, a keyboard, a mouse, etc. 
         [0158]    Computer system  700  may also include an output interface  730  and a range of output devices  732  such as, possibly inter alia, a display, one or more speakers, etc. 
         [0159]    Computer system  700  may also include a communications interface  734 . Communications interface  734  allows software and/or data  738  to be transferred between computer system  700  and external devices. Communications interface  734  may include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, a Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) slot and card, or the like. Software and/or data  738  transferred via communications interface  734  are in the form of signals  736  which may be electronic, electromagnetic, optical, or other signals capable of being received by communications interface  734 . These signals  736  are provided to communications interface  734  via a communications path  740 . Communications path  740  carries signals and may be implemented using wire or cable, fiber optics, a phone line, a cellular phone link, a Radio Frequency (RF) link or other communications channels. 
         [0160]    As used in this document, the terms “computer program medium,” “computer usable medium,” and “computer readable medium” generally refer to media such as removable storage unit  716 , removable storage unit  724 , and a hard disk installed in hard disk drive  712 . Signals carried over communications path  740  can also embody the logic described herein. Computer program medium and computer usable medium can also refer to memories, such as main memory  706  and secondary memory  710 , which can be memory semiconductors (e.g. Dynamic Random Access Memory [DRAM] elements, etc.). These computer program products are means for providing software to computer system  700 . 
         [0161]    Computer programs (also called computer control logic) are stored in main memory  706  and/or secondary memory  71   0 . Computer programs may also be received via communications interface  734 . Such computer programs, when executed, enable computer system  700  to implement the present invention as discussed herein. In particular, the computer programs, when executed, enable processor  704  to implement the processes of aspects of the present invention, such as the steps discussed above under paragraphs  47 → 84 , paragraphs  92 → 130 , paragraphs  134 → 144 , and paragraphs  145 → 149 . Accordingly, such computer programs represent controllers of the computer system  700 . Where the invention is implemented using software, the software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded into computer system  700  using removable storage drive  714 , interface  722 , hard drive  712  or communications interface  734 . 
         [0162]    The invention is also directed to computer program products comprising software stored on any computer useable medium. Such software, when executed in one or more data processing devices, causes data processing device(s) to operate as described herein. Embodiments of the invention employ any computer useable or readable medium, known now or in the future. Examples of computer useable mediums include, but are not limited to, primary storage devices (e.g., any type of random access memory), secondary storage devices (e.g., hard drives, floppy disks, Compact Disc Read-Only Memory [CD-ROM] disks, Zip disks, tapes, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, Microelectromechanical Systems [MEMS], nanotechnological storage device, etc.), and communication mediums (e.g., wired and wireless communications networks, local area networks, wide area networks, intranets, etc.). 
         [0163]    It is important to note that while aspects of the discussion that was presented above referenced the use of SCs and TNs it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that other address identifiers (such as, for example, Session Initiation Protocol [SIP] Address, URL, etc.) are equally applicable and, indeed, are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0164]    The discussion that was just presented referenced two specific wireless messaging paradigms—SMS and MMS. Those paradigms potentially offer an incremental advantage over other paradigms in that native support for SMS and/or MMS is commonly found on a WD that a potential MS would be carrying. However, it is to be understood that it would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous other paradigms (such as, for example, Internet Protocol [IP] Multimedia Subsystem [IMS], IM, E-Mail, Wireless Application Protocol [WAP], etc.) are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0165]    It is important to note that the hypothetical example that was presented above, which was described in the narrative and which was illustrated in the accompanying figures, is exemplary only. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the specific forms disclosed. It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art that numerous alternatives to the presented example are easily possible and, indeed, are fully within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0166]    The following acronyms are employed in this disclosure: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Acronym 
                 Meaning 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 API 
                 Application Programming Interface 
               
               
                 AS 
                 Application Server 
               
               
                 BI 
                 Billing Interface 
               
               
                 CD-ROM 
                 Compact Disc Read-Only Memory 
               
               
                 CIMD 
                 Computer Interface to Message Distribution 
               
               
                 CSC 
                 Common Short Code 
               
               
                 DBMS 
                 Database Management System 
               
               
                 DRAM 
                 Dynamic Random Access Memory 
               
               
                 E-Mail 
                 Electronic Mail 
               
               
                 EMI 
                 External Machine Interface 
               
               
                 EPROM 
                 Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory 
               
               
                 FSM 
                 Finite State Machine 
               
               
                 GIS 
                 Geographic Information System 
               
               
                 GPS 
                 Global Positioning System 
               
               
                 GW 
                 Gateway 
               
               
                 IM 
                 Instant Messaging 
               
               
                 IMS 
                 IP Multimedia Subsystem 
               
               
                 IP 
                 Internet Protocol 
               
               
                 IQ 
                 Incoming Queue 
               
               
                 IVR 
                 Interactive Voice Response 
               
               
                 LBS 
                 Location-Based Service 
               
               
                 MAP 
                 Mobile Application Part 
               
               
                 MEMS 
                 Microelectromechanical Systems 
               
               
                 MICV 
                 Messaging Inter-Carrier Vendor 
               
               
                 MMS 
                 Multimedia Message Service 
               
               
                 MO 
                 Mobile Originated 
               
               
                 MS 
                 Mobile Subscriber 
               
               
                 MT 
                 Mobile Terminated 
               
               
                 ODBMS 
                 Object Database Management System 
               
               
                 OQ 
                 Outgoing Queue 
               
               
                 PC 
                 Personal Computer 
               
               
                 PCMCIA 
                 Personal Computer Memory Card International Association 
               
               
                 PROM 
                 Programmable Read-Only Memory 
               
               
                 RAM 
                 Random Access Memory 
               
               
                 RDBMS 
                 Relational Database Management System 
               
               
                 RF 
                 Radio Frequency 
               
               
                 SC 
                 Short Code 
               
               
                 SFA 
                 Second Factor Authentication 
               
               
                 SIP 
                 Session Initiation Protocol 
               
               
                 SMPP 
                 Short Message Peer-to-Peer 
               
               
                 SMS 
                 Short Message Service 
               
               
                 SP 
                 Service Provider 
               
               
                 SS7 
                 Signaling System Seven 
               
               
                 3P 
                 Third Party 
               
               
                 TN 
                 Telephone Number 
               
               
                 UCP 
                 Universal Computer Protocol 
               
               
                 URL 
                 Uniform Resource Locator 
               
               
                 WAP 
                 Wireless Application Protocol 
               
               
                 WC 
                 Wireless Carrier 
               
               
                 WD 
                 Wireless Device 
               
               
                 WF 
                 Work Flow 
               
               
                 WS 
                 Web Server 
               
               
                 WWW 
                 World-Wide Web 
               
               
                 XML 
                 Extensible Markup Language