Abstract:
A article of footwear is disclosed having a flexure member in the sole to facilitate abduction bending to provide footwear that is easy to don and doff. The footwear includes a split upper having a forefoot upper portion and a rear upper portion. A closure mechanism is provided to hold the upper closed while the footwear is worn by a user.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention pertains to the field of footwear. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Typical footwear, particularly footwear for active use, has a sole and an upper. The upper includes a foot opening and a throat—an elongate opening that extends from the foot opening to a vamp. A tongue is located in the throat opening and a shoelace is laced through edges along the throat to provide a secure closure mechanism. 
     Such footwear is donned onto a foot by loosening the laces, spreading apart the foot opening and throat, holding the tongue out of the way and then inserting a foot through the opening into the footwear. The laces may then be tightened to secure the footwear onto the wearer&#39;s foot. 
     Donning footwear is a part of daily life for most people and it posses little difficulty. However, for parents, donning footwear on small children can be exasperating. Children are sometimes reluctant to hold still. The adult must hold the footwear open, hold the tongue out of the way and guide the child&#39;s foot into the footwear—difficult actions on a squirming child. 
     Other people also require assistance with putting on their footwear. For instance, people with limited leg mobility and people with infirmities such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease, often require assistance from others to don footwear. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 2,619,744 discloses a “foot enclosing device” intended for infants that includes a heel which opens to permit rear entry into the shoe. The shoe has side portions that meet at the heel. A flap overlies the side portions and secures the side portions in a closed position. When the flap is disengaged from the side portions and lowered, a child&#39;s foot may be inserted into the shoe through the now-open heel. This design appears to require that the adult use both hands to hold open the shoe sides while the foot is inserted. With both hands on the shoe, it is difficult to control a child&#39;s foot and position it for entry into the shoe. 
     Other U.S. patents also disclose footwear construction that appears to be intended to provide footwear that is easy to don. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,481,814, 5,184,410, and 474,574 disclose footwear that have hinged soles and divided uppers. The U.S. Pat. No. 474,574 uses a pin hinge on the sole to allow the front to pivot relative to the rear. The U.S. Pat. No. 5,184,410 likewise discloses a hinge attached to the sole. The U.S. Pat. No. 5,481,814 provides a cut through a midsole and an outsole that acts as a hinge. Because the outsole is very flexible, it does not have sufficient bias force to hold the shoe in a closed arrangement on a wearer&#39;s foot. Accordingly, the U.S. Pat. No. 5,481,814 provides a metal biasing means with a tensioner (i.e., a spring) to urge the shoe closed. 
     Several deficiencies are noted in the prior art footwear. The &#39;744 patent discloses a design that appears to require two hands to hold open to receive a foot. The U.S. Pat. Nos. 474,574 and 5,184,410 disclose designs that have a split sole with a ferroalloy mechanical hinge. The U.S. Pat. No. 5,481,814 discloses a design having a separated midsole and a hinge that is the outsole. To compensate for the weak closing force of the outsole hinge, the design of the U.S. Pat. No. 5,481,814 incorporates a metal biasing means. 
     The U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,481,814, 5,184,410, and 474,574 all incorporate hardware that is uncommon in active footwear. As such, the hardware increases difficulty of manufacture, and expense. Furthermore, footwear soles endure significant stresses during use, and locating hardware in the sole invites failures that affect footwear performance. 
     Many footwear designs permit the sole to flex in a manner to accommodate movement of the foot during ambulation. During supination, the toes remain on the supporting surface while the heel moves upward, thus flexing the foot in a manner that shall be referred to as adduction, because the foot is bending inward on itself. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,559,724 discloses flex grooves aligned with a medial metatarsal-phalanges joint line and a second metatarsal-phalanges joint line. These flex grooves allow the sole to move with the foot during supination. These grooves do not facilitate flexing the sole in a direction that is opposite adduction, that is flexing that corresponds to abduction of the foot. 
     Footwear soles behave like beams. When flexed in the direction of adduction, the top and bottom are in compression and tension, respectively. When the sole is flexed in abduction, the forces reverse, that is the top is in tension and the bottom is in compression. Because of the structure of soles, and the location of the upper being fixedly attached to an upper margin of the sole, the dynamics of flexing the sole in adduction and abduction are significantly different. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides footwear having a sole with a flexure member and a split upper so that the footwear can flex in abduction to assist with donning and doffing the footwear. In the preferred embodiments of the invention, an article of footwear includes a forefoot portion, a rear portion and a flexure member. The forefoot portion having a forefoot sole and a forefoot upper coupled to the forefoot sole. 
     The rear portion having a rear sole and a rear upper coupled to the rear sole. 
     The flexure member has resilient properties. It is coupled to the forefoot sole and the rear sole and located therebetween so that the rear sole and the forefoot sole are spaced apart by the flexure member. Preferably, the flexure member extends across the width of the sole. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a partial side elevation view of an article of footwear of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-section view of a portion an unitary sole of the article of footwear of FIG. 1 showing a first embodiment of the sole. 
     FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-section view of a portion a sole of the article of footwear of FIG. 1 showing a second embodiment of the sole. 
     FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the sole of the first embodiment. 
     FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the sole of the second embodiment. 
     FIG. 6 is a side perspective view of another embodiment of the article of footwear of the present invention. 
     FIG. 7 is a side elevation view of another embodiment of the article of footwear of the present invention showing the footwear partially flexed in abduction. 
     FIG. 8 is a side elevation view of another embodiment of the article of footwear of the present invention showing the footwear partially flexed in abduction. 
     FIG. 9 is a side elevation view of another embodiment of the article of footwear of the present invention showing the footwear partially flexed in abduction. 
     FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a sole of the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The preferred embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying figures. FIG. 1 shows an article of footwear  10  of the present invention. Although the invention is shown in embodiments as a shoe and boot, it is intended that the invention could be adapted for incorporation into other types of footwear such as sandals, clogs and athletic footwear. 
     The footwear  10  includes an upper  12  having forefoot  14  and a rear  16  portions. The forefoot upper  14  further includes a tongue  18  located in a throat  20  of a foot opening  22 . Although not shown in the present embodiment, the footwear could include laces threaded through a series of openings along the throat as is conventional in footwear design. 
     The footwear upper  14  further includes side panels  24  and  26  that extend rearward from the throat. As shown, the side panel  24  (FIG. 6) is on the medial side  28  of the footwear and side panel  26  is on the lateral side  30  of the footwear. These forefoot side panels  24  and  26  may be shaped by internal members (not shown) that provide some rigidity or the forefoot side panels may be soft fabric having form by virtue of their connections to the other parts of the footwear. 
     The rear upper  16  forms a heel cup  32 . A heel counter (not shown) may be used to provide a formed heel or the rear upper  16  may be formed of fabric and maintain its shape by virtue of its connection to other parts of the footwear. The rear upper includes forward extending side panels, medial side panel  34  (FIG. 6) and lateral side panel  36 . Preferably, the rear side panels  34  and  36  are located outboard of the forefoot side panels  24  and  26  when the sole is in a relaxed state and the rear upper  16  is connected to the forefoot upper  14 . 
     The footwear  10  includes a sole  40  having a flexure member  42 . With particular reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the sole  40  includes a forefoot portion  44  having a planar portion  46  and an upward extending flange  48  that follows a margin of the planar portion. The sole  40  further includes a rear portion  50  with a respective planar portion  52  and an upward extending flange  54  that follows a margin of the planar portion. 
     The flexure member  42  is located between the forefoot portion  44  and the rear portion  50 . The flexure member  42  may be integral with the forefoot portion  44  and the rear portion  50 , that is, the sole may be of unitary construction such that the flexure member is defined by its structural characteristics as described herein and shown in FIG.  2 . In alternative embodiments, the flexure member may be formed separately and coupled to the forefoot and rear portions with adhesive, as shown in FIG. 3, or mechanical connections such as extensions that are molded into the forefoot and rear portions. Such manufacturing techniques are known to those knowledgeable in the art. 
     The upper  12  is located on the sole  40  and the flanges  48  and  54  extend upward over part of the upper. The sole is coupled to the upper  12  by conventional coupling means such as adhesive or stitching. 
     In the preferred embodiment, the flexure member  42  includes a bed  56  with an upward extending medial flange  58  and lateral flange  60 . The bed extends across the width of the sole at a midfoot location  62  of the footwear. Preferably, a forward margin  64  of the bed  56  is contiguous with a rear margin (not separately numbered) of the forefoot planar portion  46 , and a rear margin  66  of the bed  56  is contiguous with a forward margin (not separately numbered) of the rear planar portion  52 . Similarly, margins of the flexure member flanges  58  and  60  are contiguous with margins of the forefoot flange  48  and the rear flange  54 . 
     Preferably, the flexure member  42  is less stiff than the rear portion  50  and the forefoot portion  44  so that the footwear  10  can bend at the midfoot  62  in abduction to permit easy entry of a foot into the footwear. In the case of footwear sized for children, an adult can hold the footwear flexed in abduction in one hand and use their second hand to easily insert a child&#39;s foot into the footwear. 
     The flexure member may be made less stiff by choice of material properties or structural properties, or a combination of material and structure. The flexure member may be made of a material having a lower stiffness coefficient than the material of the forefoot portion  44  and the rear portion  50 . However, the flexure member must be of a material that can withstand repeated bending cycles. 
     Alternatively, the flexure member may include a plurality of channels  66 . Preferably, the channels extend across the width of the bed  56  and up the flanges  58  and  60 . These channels allow the flexure member to be fabricated of a durable material and be relatively flexible. 
     In one embodiment, the flexure member has a relatively uniform thickness as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. In this embodiment the flexure member performs much like pleated bellows of an accordion. That is, the structure can expand along a surface that is in tension due to bending and can compress along a surface that is in compression due to bending, thereby allowing the member to flex more easily than would be possible with the same material in a non-channel structure. 
     In alternative embodiments, the flexure member may have varying thickness whereby it is thinnest where a channel  68  is formed and relatively thicker between channels. 
     Alternatively, the flexure member  42  may be stiffer than the forefoot portion  44  and the rear portion  50  and abduction bending will occur at the flexure member because of the structure of the upper  12 . As noted, the upper  12  includes a forefoot portion  14  and a rear portion  16 , wherein the forefoot portion and the rear portion are not directly connected. Accordingly, when the footwear  10  is bent in abduction, the fabric of the upper resists stretching the resists the bending moment except at the junction between the forefoot upper  14  and the rear upper  16 . Thus, a relatively stiff material may be chosen as the flexure member. 
     In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the flexure member  42  comprises a planar member that is coupled to the forefoot  44  and rear portions  50  of the sole  40 . 
     In the embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 4, the flexure member and the forefoot and rear sole are of unitary construction. The sole and flexure member may be molded as a single piece or the flexure member may be preformed and inserted in a sole mold and the forefoot and rear soles molded to the flexure member. 
     In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 5 the flexure member is fixedly coupled to the forefoot and rear soles as by adhesion. 
     Preferably, the flexure member is not in contact with a ground surface when a user is walking in the footwear  10 . In the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 6, the forefoot portion  44  and the rear portion  50  are thicker than the flexure member  42  so that the flexure member is essentially suspended above a ground surface by the forefoot portion and the rear portion. Suspending the flexure member prevents wear of the flexure member. Also, when the flexure member is thinner than the forefoot portion and the rear portion, the flexure member has a lower stiffness coefficient that the forefoot portion and the rear portion so that abduction bending of the footwear  10  will cause the footwear to bend at the flexure member  42 . 
     Preferably, the flexure member is an elastic polymer such as compression-molded rubber, Hytrel®, EVA or polyurethane. Other polymers are also suitable. Also, the properties of the flexure member are inherent in the combination of materials and structure. No ferroalloys are necessary to provide biasing or a hinge. 
     The footwear  10  also includes a closure mechanism  70 . Preferably, the closure mechanism is located proximate the foot opening  22  to securely hold the footwear in a closed arrangement when a user is wearing the footwear. The footwear is shown in a closed arrangement in FIGS. 1 and 6, wherein the flexure member  42  is in a relaxed state and the rear planar portion  52  is substantially coplanar with the forefoot planar portion  46 . 
     With reference to FIGS.  1  and  6 - 9 , several embodiments of the closure mechanism  70  are presented. In FIGS. 1 and 6, the closure mechanism  70  comprises a first strap  72  coupled to the rear side panel  36  and a second strap  74  coupled to the forefoot upper  14 . The second strap  74  includes a strap receptacle  76  for receiving the first strap  72 . An engagement device  78 , provides a secure closure for the footwear. In the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 6, the engagement device is hook and pile that couple securely when pressed together. 
     In FIG. 7, the closure mechanism  70  includes a pull-tab  80  attached to an elastic loop  82  and a post  84  that has a notch (not shown) for receiving the loop. 
     In FIG. 8, the closure mechanism  70  comprises an elongate strap  86  that passes through a strap receptacle  88  that is attached to the forefoot upper  14 . A hook and pile engagement device  78  is located on an end of the strap  86  and on the rear upper  16 . When the strap  86  is passed through the receptacle  88 , it is doubled back toward the rear and the engagement device may be engaged to securely hold the footwear closed. 
     In FIG. 9, the closure mechanism  70  comprises a strap  90  and an engagement device  78  having male and female portions  92  and  94  of a buckle  96 . 
     The footwear sole may include an outsole  98  (FIG. 6) of a high resistance material on the forefoot sole  44  and the rear sole  50 . Preferably, the outsole would be discontinuous at the flexure member  42  so as not to restrict abduction bending at the flexure member. 
     This specification sets forth the best mode for carrying out the invention as known at the time of filing the patent application and provides sufficient information to enable a person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The specification further describes materials, shapes, configurations and arrangements of parts for making a using the invention. However, it is intended that the scope of the invention shall be limited by the language of the claims and the law of the land as pertains to valid U.S. patents.