Abstract:
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with a moisture content in the range of 12 to 25 weight percent water can be formulated with hydrocarbon oils, anionic surfactants and suspending agents to provide stable suspensions. The suspended CMC does not tend to settle out and/or compact during extended periods of storage.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to stable suspensions of carboxymethyl cellulose. 
     In one aspect this invention relates to pumpable suspensions with extended shelf life which provide a means for storing and/or transporting carboxymethyl cellulose as a stable liquid polymer formulation. The suspended polymer in these formulations does not tend to settle out and/or compact on standing. 
     In another aspect, this invention relates to a method for rapidly dispersing and/or dissolving carboxymethyl cellulose in water by contacting the instant stable suspensions with aqueous fluids such as field brines to solubilize, e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose into drilling fluids or into floodwaters for enhanced oil recovery. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     It is known to suspend carboxymethyl cellulose in a hydrocarbon oil to provide liquid polymer formulations. Although a number of these prior art formulations are useful, they suffer from various deficiencies such as short shelf life manifested in a tendency for the suspended polymer to settle and become compacted. Redispersion of the polymer in the oil cannot be effected by shaking or agitation. In addition, some of the prior art suspensions do not facilitate polymer dispersion in water. 
     Thus, there is a need for improved suspensions of carboxymethyl cellulose in hydrocarbon oil which provide compositions with extended shelf life and which facilitate polymer dispersion in water. 
     It is an object of this invention to provide stable suspensions of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a hydrocarbon oil. The suspended CMC in the instant suspensions does not tend to settle out and/or compact. Even after long periods of storage, the polymer remains in suspension and agitation of the stored suspension is minimal or not required. 
     It is a further object of this invention to provide stable suspensions of carboxymethyl cellulose in a hydrocarbon oil which on contact with aqueous fluids facilitate dispersion of the water soluble polymers in the water phase. 
     Other objects, aspects and advantages of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following discussion and the appended claims. 
     INVENTION 
     In accordance with the present invention, we have discovered that the use of carboxymethyl cellulose having a moisture content of 12 to 25 weight percent water permits the formation of stable suspensions of CMC in a hydrocarbon oil which additionally contains anionic surfactants and suspending agents. 
     Such suspensions are readily pumpable and exhibit an extended shelf life as evidenced by the fact that the carboxymethyl cellulose does not tend to settle and compact. 
     These novel suspensions are also very effective in facilitating the dispersion of the suspended CMC in water. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Suitable ranges for the four component inventive suspensions are as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________      Wt. % of Components in SuspensionsComponent    Broad Range  Preferred Range______________________________________Hydrocarbon Oil        49-31        48-35Suspending Agent        20-2         5-2Anionic Surfactant.sup.a        30-2         7-3Hydrated CMC.sup.b         1-65        40-60______________________________________ .sup.a The surfactant level is based on the weight of an anionic surfactant solution containing about 60 weight percent active ingredient. .sup.b Hydrated CMC must have a moisture content of 12 to 25 weight percent water. 
    
     Although the instant four component compositions can be prepared by any order of mixing, it is preferred to first prepare a three-component mixture of oil, surfactant and suspending agent and then add the hydrated CMC last. 
     Suitable ranges for the components in the first mixture are as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________      Wt. % of Components in SuspensionsComponent    Broad Range  Preferred Range______________________________________Hydrocarbon Oil         50-90       80-88Suspending Agent        20-4         8-5Anionic Surfactant.sup.a        30-6         12-7______________________________________ .sup.a The surfactant level is based on the weight of an anionic surfactant solution containing about 60 weight percent active ingredient. 
    
     HYDROCARBON OILS 
     Suitable hydrocarbon oils include mineral oils, diesel fuels, kerosene and other petroleum fractions. The paraffinic and isoparaffinic hydrocarbon oils are particularly preferred. The hydrocarbon oils have no substantial swelling effect on the water soluble polymer component. 
     ANIONIC SURFACTANTS 
     Suitable anionic surfactants are selected from the group consisting of petroleum sulfonates, alkaryl sulfonates and alkanesulfonates. 
     SUSPENDING AGENTS 
     Suitable suspending agents are selected from the group consisting of colloidal silica, precipitated silica and fumed silica. A hydrophobic fumed silica is presently preferred. 
     The following Examples further illustrate the invention. 
     EXAMPLE I 
     Commercial carboxymethyl cellulose with an initial water content in the range of 5 to 8 weight percent was ground to particle size 0.5% +60 mesh(+250 μm), 80% -200 mesh(-75 μm) and then hydrated by exposure to a humid atmosphere. The hydration was effected by placing the finely divided polymer on a flat surface some 20 inches below a canopy of polyethylene plastic sheeting and allowing a stream of steam to pass over the polymer for a period of 14 hours. The final moisture content of the hydrated polymer was 16.3 weight percent water. 
     A 5-gallon bucket of inventive composition was prepared by mixing the following components: 
     
         ______________________________________(a) Hydrocarbon Oil.sup.a            6.960   Kg     39.3 wt %(b) Anionic Surfactant.sup.b            0.720   Kg     4.1  wt %(c) Suspending Agent.sup.c            0.444   Kg     2.5  wt %(d) Hydrated CMC.sup.d            9.6     Kg     54.1 wt %Total Wt.        17.724  Kg______________________________________ .sup.a Soltrol ® 145  a blend of C.sub.9 -C.sub.14 isoparaffins with boiling point range of 340-570 F. (171-299° C.). .sup.b Orfom ® CO 733  an aqueous solution of C.sub.14 -C.sub.16 alkanesulfonates (60% active). .sup.c Cab-O-Sil TS 720  a hydrophobic amorphous fumed silica. .sup.d Drispac ® - carboxymethyl cellulose with a moisture content of 16.3 weight percent water. 
    
     This 5-gallon sample on contact with water gave an immediate solution of polymer in water. 
     In order to demonstrate the stability of the suspension, the 5-gallon bucket of liquid polymer was transported on a delivery truck at ambient temperature for a period of six days over a distance of about 200 miles. At the end of this time period no settling or compaction of the suspended solids was visually detectable. 
     The suspension was subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles of 24 hours at -18° C. and 24 hours of +60° C. temperatures. The suspension was allowed to sit at ambient temperature and checked for settling periodically. After six months the test was terminated with no settling evident. 
     EXAMPLE II 
     Polymers with different levels of hydration were used to prepare stable suspensions. The suspensions were prepared in accordance with the following recipe: 
     
         ______________________________________           Wt(g)  Wt. %______________________________________Hydrocarbon Oil.sup.a             116    g     39.2Anionic Surfactant.sup.b             12     g     4.1Suspending Agent.sup.c             7.4    g     2.5Hydrated CMC.sup.d             160    g     54.2______________________________________ .sup.a Soltrol ® 145  a blend of C.sub.9 -C.sub.14 isoparaffins with boiling point range of 340-570 F. (171-299° C.). .sup.b Orfom ® CO 733  an aqueous solution of C.sub.14 -C.sub.16 alkanesulfonates (60% active). .sup.c Cab-O-Sil TS 720  a hydrophobic amorphous fumed silica. .sup.d Drispac ® - carboxymethyl cellulose with hydration levels show in Table I. 
    
     The suspensions were allowed to stand at ambient conditions and observed periodically for settling of the suspended polymer. Results are summarized in Table I. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________Suspensions of Hydrated Drispac ® CarboxymethylCellulose in Hydrocarbon OilsRun  Level of Hydration.sup.a              Time Period.sup.bNo.  (Wt. % Water) of Stability                         Remarks______________________________________1     5.8          &lt;1     day   Commercial sample of                           Drispac ® carboxy-                           methyl cellulose2    13.3          13     days  No settling3    13.9          13     days  No settling4    14.0          6      days  No settling5    14.8          6      days  No settling6    16.3          6      days  No settling7    22.4          3      days  Settling occurred after                           3 days______________________________________ .sup.a The level of hydration was determined by drying the polymer sample to constant weight at 105° C. .sup.b The time period corresponds to that span of time during which no settling or compaction of the suspended solids was visually detectable. 
    
     Referring to the invention runs in Table I (runs 2-7) it is evident that the hydrated Drispac® carboxymethyl cellulose samples containing in the range of 13.3 to 22.4 weight percent water provided stable suspensions which exhibited no settling of solids over time periods varying from 3 to 13 days. Control run 1 involved the use of commercial Drispac® carboxymethyl cellulose containing 5.8 weight percent water and the resulting suspension exhibited settling of suspended solids in less than one day. 
     Reasonable variations and modifications of the present invention which will become apparent to those skilled in the art can be made in this invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.