Abstract:
A heat retention system for keeping meals warm by converting induced electromagnetic energy of arisen heat. The system contains a receptacle ( 5, 55, 103 ) with passive elements ( 3, 53 ) which, via a plate ( 9, 59, 209 ), are in active connection with active elements ( 2, 210 ). Sensors ( 16, 18, 56, 215 ) and an optimised control unit ( 212 ) regulate the temperature of the meals ( 8 ) located in the receptacle ( 5, 55, 103 ), so that these meals are not cooked and energy is supplied in a directed manner. Preferably, the heat retention system is configured as a heat retention device that has a modular construction and may be dismantled into individual modules ( 101, 102, 103, 104 ) and may be assembled of individual modules ( 101, 102, 103, 104 ). For this, the individual modules include fastening devices, ( 105-108, 126, 135, 138, 145-148, 155, 158 ), such as turnbuckles ( 155, 158 ) or positive-fit fastening means ( 105-108, 126, 135, 138, 145-148 ) that correspond to the fastening devices of further modules.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to a device and to a method for keeping warm, serving and presenting meals. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     In restaurants, hotels, cruise ships and in the wide field of the catering market in which meals are serves at a buffet, there exists the need to present the just prepared meals and at the same time to be able to keep these warm over as long a time as possible with hardly any loss in quality, specifically without cooking them. 
     From the state of the art there are known devices, so-called heat retention systems, which permit food to be kept warm. A largely widespread method in, for example, company personnel restaurants, is the heat retention of meals in a water bath. These methods have numerous disadvantages such as, for example, a very sluggish heating system, an energy supply which may not be controlled or is only very difficultly controllable, a complicated handling (e.g. refilling water, waiting until the water temperature has been reached, wiping up spills of water, etc.), as well as high cleaning and operating costs. Furthermore, opening the lid several times entails a permanent temperature loss or a continuous change of temperature and water content, which individually and in combination with an increased deposit of water on account of the water bath leads to a rapid loss in quality of the meals. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the invention to provide a heat retention system that is simple to operate, efficiently keeps meals warm, reacts quickly to temperature and possibly also climatic changes, has low operating costs and offers comprehensive possibilities with regard to the use of the heat retention system. The system is to be able to be used combined with keeping warm, serving and presenting meals (chafing dish concept). 
     The heat retention system for meals is based on inductive heat production. The heat retention system is constructed such that an undesired cooking of meals is avoided in a directed manner. At the same time, the heat in a directed manner is produced where it is required. Energy losses are largely avoided which leads to the fact that the heat retention system according to the invention has very low operating costs. A preferably modular construction of a heat retention system formed as a heat retention device furthermore permits a simple and compact construction, as well as a comprehensive usability of the heat retention system and combination possibilities of individual modules. 
     The heat retention system has a comparatively low thermal inertia so that temperature changes may be very quickly adapted or equalised. An active control of the temperature of the meals to be kept warm is made possible by way of suitably attached sensors. The sensors are preferably attached as close as possible to the meals such that a temperature change is determined without a negative delay. Preferably, via a control loop as a control unit the heating output is controlled. 
     Measurements of the relevant parameters of the meals are determined directly or indirectly. With a direct measurement the sensor is in directly connection with the object material to be measured. With an indirect measurement, secondary variables such as infra-red radiation or humidity, etc. are measured. By way of detecting the relevant parameters, dependent on the region of application, it is possible to retain the meals with a minimum loss of quality. 
     The heat retention system contains at least one active and one passive element for producing induced heat. As an active element there is preferably applied an induction coil which cooperates with a passive element. The passive element contains preferably material with ferromagnetic properties. Iron, nickel and cobalt containing materials as well as Heusler&#39;s alloys (ferro-magnetic alloys whose individual components are not ferro-magnetic) are particularly suitable. 
     The passive element is preferably combined in or with a receptacle for meals, such as a ceramic or glass pan with integrated or attached ferro-magnetic means, in the form of a foil or other elements. The receptacles may also completely or at least partly consist of ferro-magnetic material. By way of a suitable arrangement of the ferro-magnetic material the heat is distributed in a directed manner or is produced where it is optimally required. As receptacles flat dishes are particularly suitable. The receptacles for receiving the meals preferably have dimensions that are compatible with the standards usual for catering (catering standards). 
     The active elements are preferably integrated with a device, e.g. as stand, which are suitable for receiving one or more receptacles with passive elements. The device is advantageously configured such that one or more receptacles of a differing size and configuration may be combined with the device. The device is configured such that the active elements and the passive elements are interactively connectable, in that e.g. the receptacle or receptacles for receiving the meals is/are placed onto the device. 
     The device with the active elements for producing heat preferably comprises a plate that is transparent to an induced field. The plate may, for example, consist of a ceramic material (ceramic plate) and is arranged and designed such that one or more receptacles may be placed thereon. Below the plate there are arranged one or more active elements, e.g. in the form of a coil that serves for the thermal excitation of passive elements. With several active elements these are arranged such that each covers a certain part region of the plate. With a larger device, e.g. two, four or six coils may be arranged in one or two rows below the plate. Thermal sensors may be arranged in the middle of the coils, directly below the plate such that they detect the temperature of the meals as reliably as possible. Each coil is preferably activated individually such that the heating output for each receptacle may be controlled individually. If only one receptacle stands on the plate and does not cover the whole plate it is furthermore possible for only the coils that are covered to be activated. 
     The arrangement of the coils corresponds advantageously to the size of the receptacles in particular to the standards usual in catering and to the arrangement or arrangements of the receptacles to be heated. By way of the active control it is possible to control whether a coil is occupied or not. For example by way of a measurement of the temperature change or the heating output one may prevent wrongly occupied or unoccupied coils from being provided with heating power. 
     The device according to the invention is designed such that an undesired cooking procedure of the meals is prevented. The control of the energy supply is effected by “inquiry” of the temperature measured at the temperature probes by way of a microprocessor. The supply of energy into the active induction means is controlled such that meals are kept warm in that a set temperature is held constant by way of an electronic control of the temperature probes. Moreover, there is installed a safety protection against overheating which effects an automatic interruption of the supply of energy, for example when there is measured a temperature gradient which is too great, e.g. near to the surface of the active elements. The control of the energy supply by way of temperature probes attached as optimally as possible leads to a very short reaction time of the system. This is important since the temperature change in the foodstuffs is largely prevented. As a result of this, large temperature fluctuations do not occur and the loss in quality of the meals, which this entails, may be avoided. The power or temperature limitation is designed such that meals are held at an optimal heat retention temperature according to experience in the region between e.g. 60° C. and 85° C. Regeneration processes, e.g. cooking processes during the presentation and the changes of the foodstuffs, which this entails, are prevented in a directed manner, in contrast to a system that serves for processing foodstuffs (e.g. catering method). 
     The plate for receiving the receptacle preferably comprises means (e.g. in the form of deepenings), which are interactively connectable to corresponding counter means on the receptacles (e.g. in the form of elevations), when the receptacles are placed onto the plate. The means are designed such that the receptacles are secured against undesired lateral displacement. By way of this it is possible to create meals without the receptacles in which the meals are located from displacing. 
     The device may be designed as a serving table or as an installation variant, e.g. for installation into a surface (buffet). It is advantageously configured such that the meals may be covered by way of a covering. The covering may, for example, be designed as a lid mounted on a hinge. The covering may be in interactive connection with the control for the heating power such that an opening of the covering leads directly to an adaptation of the heating power before other sensors register a change. This may be realised by way of a switch cooperating with the covering. Electronics present immediately recognise when the heat retention apparatus is opened and may begin with a minimal supply of energy into the active elements before a temperature probe has measured a reduced temperature. This leads to an extremely short reaction time of the heat retention system and accordingly small temperature fluctuations in the foodstuffs. The covering may additionally be provided with climate openings that permit a water content exchange to the surroundings and ensure an optimal water-content climate of the meals. 
     A temperature probe may, for example, also be accommodated in a receptacle for receiving meals, e.g. in a pan and be activated inductively by the electronics. This offers the advantage that the temperature measurement in this manner is even closer to the object to be measured. 
     A safety measure in the heat retention system according to the invention is a preferably electronically controlled “variable recognition” of passive elements. Only when passive elements on a certain surface, for example are covered by a pan does the apparatus permit the switching-on of the active element or elements, i.e. the energy supply into the active elements. The recognition of passive elements leads to the fact that active elements that are not occupied are not supplied with energy, by which means energy is saved and additional safety is offered. By way of the very efficient heating system the energy consumption of the heat retention system is kept low so that the running costs during operation are limited to a minimum. 
     A mounting is preferably a stand with a lid. The lid may be manufactured or coated of metal or for the improved heat insulation of insulating material or heat reflecting material. If the lid is completely or partly manufactured of a suitable, transparent material, e.g. glass, for example double-lazed and/or coated for minimising condensation water formation, this offers the advantage that the meals located in the receptacle comprising the passive element may be observed without the opening of the lid becoming necessary. 
     The plate for receiving the receptacles is preferably a ceramic plate. The size of the plate is advantageously adapted to the size of dishes according to the catering standard (GN). Preferably the ceramic plate is planar. In the case that the ceramic plate however comprises means for arresting the dishes, the arresting means preferably are likewise adapted to the standards of passive heat elements, e.g. base distances of GN pans or the width of the pans. 
     A receptacle that comprises at least one passive element consists preferably of a pan equipped with or without a lid, e.g. a ceramic pan with attached or integrated passive elements for example in the form of a ferro-magnetic foil or other means. By way of a suitable arrangement of the passive elements the heat is distributed in a directed manner or is produced where it is required. A foil spread out on the underside of a pan or incorporated in the underside of the pan may, for example, be provided with reliefs, wherein the distribution of the reliefs may be selected according to requirement. One possibility is also an insulating pan, which in its interior comprises heat-conducting elements, e.g. a heat-conducting layer that may be identical to the passive element and which extends up to the edge regions of the pan. The heat produced in the passive elements via the conducting layer gets to up into the edge regions of the pan. This ensures an even better and more uniform heat distribution in the foodstuffs. 
     Preferably there are applied pans with various standard sizes, special catering standards, e.g. 1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 2/3, corresponding to the size of the ceramic plate, so that they may be combined in a comprehensive manner and may be arranged on the ceramic plate in a manner which is as space-saving as possible. A receptacle of insulating material offers the advantage that little heat is lost. However, as already mentioned, differently shaped pans of other materials may be used. 
     In a preferred embodiment the heat retention system according to the invention is designed as a heat retention device that has a modular construction. This consists essentially of an energy part and, if required, of a mounting and a covering. The energy part is preferably a module configured as a control unit that contains inducing elements usable for inductive heating, their control and energy supply as well as any occurring sensor control. It is preferably configured as the above mentioned device. Preferably a further module is configured as a mounting in which a control unit is held. Onto the control unit there may be placed receptacles that contain passive elements for the inductive production of heat. The receptacles, e.g. pans, are preferably covered with a further module configured as a covering. The covering may be rigidly connected to another module, for example to a mounting. 
     Individual modules are configured such that the heat retention device may preferably be rapidly disassembled and reassembled without the application of tools. For this, individual modules are fastened to one another via fastening means, preferably via acting and counter means, such that the individual modules may be simply connected to one another and again separated from one another. All fastening means are preferably configured such that they have as simple a shape as possible. Examples for active and counter means are positive-fit fastening means, for example form-outs such as projection or pins and reliefs corresponding to these such as grooves and holes. Further active and counter means are turnbuckles or locking bars with which individual modules may be fastened to one another and connected to one another. A connection of modules is then created by way of closing a clamping device or locking a locking bar, for example by rotation. The individual modules are preferably constructed simply and compactly and are preferably configured such that they permit a simple cleaning and are usable and combinable in a comprehensive manner. 
     By way of the modular construction individual modules may be used in a comprehensive manner. According to requirement they may be omitted, replaced or for example removed for cleaning. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the heat retention system according to the invention a module configured as a control unit is applied into a stand. According to the configuration of the stand, the heat retention device may be used as a serving variant or as a free-standing individual apparatus. As a serving variant a simple mounting is also suitable, for example in the form of a table-like construction with a frame into which the control unit is applied. A module for the simple connection to further modules and in order in the connected condition to be stabilised may comprise guide and stabilisation means. These are preferably directly integrated into the fastening means but may also be designed as additional means, for example as laterally attached vertical or horizontal rails. In order to be able to hold individual modules better, they are preferably equipped with holding means, e.g. grips or reliefs. The guide and holding means are according to requirement designed as units that may be sunk in the module. 
     A mounting for a control unit may also be a suitable relief with suitable fastening means in a surface, for example, a surface of a buffet or installed kitchen. Thus, the same control unit may be used in a kitchen, and subsequently be transported into a dining room and placed into an available mounting. This is, above all, advantageous for smaller firms that do not have several heat retention devices. 
     A mounting comprises preferably a covering in the form of a lid that likewise as a module may be attached and again removed. The lid for this comprises laterally attached cylindrical form-outs. The fastening means and the mounting are preferably configured such that the lid in the opened condition at least partly may be sunk in the mounting (so-called roll-top). 
     A modular construction apart from a simplified cleaning and comprehensive application possibility also offers a generally simpler handling and an increased mobility of the heat retention device. Individual modules may without problem be handled and carried by an individual person so that the modules or the whole heat retention system may be easily moved from one location to another. For this individual modules are removed by simple release of the positive-fit fastening means or otherwise after prior opening of turnbuckles or bars. The modular construction also offers advantages in manufacture. Individual modules may thus be manufactured by different companies, wherein the modules as well as replacement modules may be combined with existing modules directly by the end consumer. The size of the modules as well as the fastening means are preferably standardized so that, for example, other control units such as units heatable electrically or with gas may be combined with an existing mounting. 
     A module as a control unit is preferably configured such that it forms an individual housing, which preferably contains active elements, e.g. induction coils, the supply necessary for this, e.g. generators, as well as a surface permeable to an electromagnetically inducing field, for example a ceramic plate. Furthermore, in the control unit preferably there are also accommodated the whole electronics such as the regulation and control of the energy supply into the active elements, the monitor of the sensors as well as the switch elements. Since active elements are preferably activatable individually and one generator per active element would be too expensive and too complicated, a single generator is connected to the active elements such that individual elements may be heated one after the other over a certain period of time. The complete control unit is furthermore configured such that it, by way of fastening means and any present guide and holding means, may be brought into a mounting and be removed therefrom. The current supply for a generator at the same time is attached such that any cable attached to a control unit may be attached and removed where possible just after the installation or before dismantling the unit, and an attachment of the cable is also possible when the unit is not located in any mounting. It is also possible to fixedly mount the actual current supply, for example the cable connection to or in a mounting and to configure the mounting as well as the control unit so that on construction of the modules an electrical contact arises by way of connecting contact means on the modules. 
     Individual parts or elements of the modules may also be configured as sub-modules such that they, when required, may be attached and removed quickly and simply. Examples for such parts or elements are grips or a generator that in the form of a sub-module may be removed from a control unit and used in another manner. 
     The individual modules, in particular a control unit as well as the receptacles that may be used therewith preferably have dimensions that are compatible with standards usual in catering (catering standards, or correspond to such standards). A control unit is at the same time advantageously designed such that one or more receptacles of differing size and shaping are simultaneously combinable with the unit. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       These and further features of the invention will be apparent with reference to the following description and drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic representation of a heat retention system according to the invention, 
         FIG. 2  is a plan view of arrangements of active elements, 
         FIG. 3  is a sectioned representation through a part of a heat retention system, 
         FIG. 4  is an exploded representation of a heat retention system, 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective representation of active and passive parts, 
         FIG. 6  is a representation of a heat retention device according to the invention as a modularly constructed heat retention device, 
         FIG. 7  is a representation of a further modularly constructed heat retention device, 
         FIGS. 8   a ,  8   b  show exemplary fastening means, and 
         FIGS. 9   a ,  9   b  show further fastening means 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  shows schematically and greatly simplified a heat retention system  1  according to the invention. The shown embodiment contains active and passive elements  2 ,  3 , which are accommodated in a device  4  or in a ceramic pan  5 . The device  4  furthermore comprises fastening means  6 , e.g. screws, by way of which they are installed into a mounting  7 , e.g. a stand. The active elements  2 , e.g. induction coils, cooperate with the passive elements  3  of the ceramic pan  5 . The electromagnetic energy induced in this manner in the passive element is converted into heat and serves for heating the foodstuffs  8  located in the pan  5 . Furthermore, the heat retention system  1  according to the invention contains a ceramic plate  9  preferably a planar ceramic plate onto which the pan  5  is placed. The stand  7  additionally comprises a lid  10  with a hand grip  11 , wherein the lid  10  is connected to the stand  7 . The lid  10  is preferably attached such that when in the closed condition covers the device  4  and the pan  5  and when in the open or partly open condition at least partly may be sunk in the stand  7  (so-called roll-top). The meals  8  in the ceramic pan  5  are thus covered and protected from heat and moisture loss. In the lid there may be provided openings  14  which prevent an excess collection of condensation water and thus ensure an optimal water-content climate of the meals. In the shown example these openings are laterally directed. Additionally, the heat retention system  1  comprises switches  12  and display means  13  which, for example, serve for switching on the apparatus, for switching between different, preferably two power steps and for displaying the temperature. The display means  13  may also be configured as a simple light display: as soon as the apparatus is switched on and is ready for operation, e.g. a small lamp begins to shine. With the light display there is preferably combined a nil return procedure. For example, by way of a different number of flashing impulses, durations or intervals there is indicated the type of error, e.g. no coil current, a too high temperature, etc. According to the type of error the supply of energy into the induction means is completely interrupted, or the heat retention system functions further with a reduced power, e.g. 60% in a cycled operation. The stand  7  is preferably manufactured of CrNi steel, wherein the holding grip  11  of the lid  10  and other individual parts may have different material, e.g. polished stainless steel or brass. Furthermore the device  4  may also be welded into the mounting  7 . 
       FIG. 2  shows a plan view of the plate  9  in FIG.  1 . The plate  9  here consists of ceramic, e.g. ceramic plate, which for the induced field is transparent and further comprises Induction coils  2  arranged underneath, which here serve as active elements and are arranged in two rows. In the middle of each induction coil  2  there are to be recognised one or more temperature probes  16 , which serve for the control of the temperature. 
       FIG. 3  shows a cut-out of the heat retention system  1  according to  FIG. 1  in a perspective sectioned representation. For an improved understanding the ceramic pan  5  is shown sectioned. One may recognise the interactive connection of active and passive  3  elements in combination with temperature probes  16 . The pan  5  filled with meals comprises a foil  3  which here serves as a passive element. The foil  3  is attached to the lower side of the pan  5  and is heated by the induction coils  2  attached below the plate  9 , by way of induced eddy currents. The foil  3  may also be attached in the interior of the pan  5  in order to achieve a direct heating of the meals  8 . 
     A further metal foil  17  serves as a further passive element. The metal foil  17  is here, by way of example, attached laterally to the pan  5  and serves for the local production of heat. As may be recognised with the invention disclosed here heat may be produced at directed locations. Where required the condition of the meals may be measured by a temperature probe  18 , which for example, is attached on one side of the pan  5 . Devices like these permit a very uniform heat distribution into the meals  8  and also such a monitoring or control. 
       FIG. 4  shows an exploded representation of a device  202  according to the invention. The device  202  contains a smooth, electrically insulating plate  209 , preferably a ceramic plate. Below the ceramic plate  209  there is assembled a carrier  217  on which there are arranged six induction coils  210  in two rows of three coils. All parts including a generator  211  and electronics  212  serving as a control circuit or control unit are accommodated in the housing  214  preferably provided with an aeration opening  213 . Additionally, in the middle of each coil  210  there are located temperature probes  215  via which the temperature of the cooked product  8  is ascertained and thus the control of the energy supply into the induction coils  210  is controlled. The temperature probes  215  are for this purpose connected to the electronics  212 . Preferably in the device  202  there are incorporated switch means, which permit the setting between two power stages and thus temperatures, preferably 70° C. and 85° C. The power is in one preferred embodiment form limited to 600 W and is distributed to the induction coils  210 , wherein preferably only occupied coils are supplied with current. At the same time the supply of energy is controlled by the electronics such that the temperature of the foodstuffs  8  in a ceramic pan  5  is held constant. An overheating protection, e.g. the control of the temperature gradient at the temperature probes  215  ensures an automatic interruption of the energy supply into the induction coils  210  in the case that a certain limit value of the temperature gradient is exceeded. The protection may be configured such that the apparatus, after cooling to the operating temperature, automatically is switched on again, or that the apparatus after the cooling process must be actively started again. For the additional security or to save energy in the device  202  there is located a “dish recognition” which recognises the size of the ceramic pan  5  located on the ceramic plate  9 . This is effected preferably via a resistance measurement via the induction coils  210  or via an induction loop which is attached to the pan  5 . The recognition is effected in a manner such that a certain surface of the ceramic plate  209 , e.g. at least two coils  210  must be covered by pans  5  so that the “dish recognition” connected to the electronics  212  releases the energy supply into the induction coils  210 . Coils  210  that are not covered accordingly are not supplied with current. The ceramic plate  209  and the induction coils  210  lying thereunder are specially directed to the catering standard, i.e. the size of the ceramic plate  9  or the arrangement of the coils  210  is conceived such that it is compatible with standard pans  5 . A pan then covers one, two, four or six coils  210 , wherein the pans according to their size may be arranged In any manner on the ceramic plate  209 . Furthermore, on or in the housing  214  there is attached a housing temperature sensor, which monitors the temperature in the inside of the device  202 , e.g. a cooling plating. The power of the heat retention system is reduced or interrupted as soon as this temperature exceeds a certain limit value, e.g. 65° C. The housing temperature sensor may also be used for controlling aeration, e.g. the switching on and off of a ventilator. 
       FIG. 5  shows the underside of the ceramic pan  55  and a ceramic plate  59  of a heat retention system. The pan  55  comprises a passive element  53  and heat-conducting strips  58  that come into contact with temperature probes  56  as soon as the ceramic pan  55  is placed on the ceramic plate  59 . The complete supply of energy is controlled and regulated via a control  52  connected to the temperature probes  56  and induction coils. The device comprises corresponding arresting means  54  and  57 , which prevent a lateral displacement of the pan  55  with respect to the plate  69 . The arresting means are projections  57  on the underside of the pan  55  which correspond to reliefs  54  in the ceramic plate  59 . The distances of the projections  57  or of the reliefs  54  as with the size of the ceramic pan  55  preferably correspond to a catering standard, which has various standard sizes. The ceramic plate  59  is accordingly designed so that the pans  55  whose sizes e.g. correspond to 1/1 1/2, 1/3, 1/6 of the ceramic plate  59  may be arranged on the plate combined in a comprehensive manner and in a space saving manner. 
       FIG. 6  represents a simplified embodiment form of a modularly constructed heat retention device. The shown embodiment contains four modules  101 - 104 , which may be connected to one another and again separated from one another by way of fastening means  105 - 108 . A control unit  102  comprises fastening means in the form of laterally attached U-shaped form-outs  107 , which correspond to first fastening means in the form of laterally flattened cylinders  106  of a stand  101 . The fastening means  106 ,  107  are attached such that the control unit after incorporation into the stand  101  preferably lies on the first fastening means  106  of the stand  101 . For this the U-shaped form-outs  107  of the control unit  102  are attached on the outside on the unit  102  in a manner such that the U is open to the bottom. The U-shaped form-outs  106  of the stand  101  are accordingly incorporated laterally internally in the middle on the stand  101 . The sides of the U-shaped form-out  107  serve, on the one hand, as a guide for the control unit  102  for introduction into the stand  101  and, one the other hand, for stabilising, i.e. for preventing the unit  102  from slipping in the stand  101 . 
     The control unit  102  contains active elements usable for the inductive heating such as induction coils, a generator as well as electronics and switch means, with which the unit may be switched on and off as well as preferably selectable between two different power stages of the unit. The control unit  102  may thus as an individual module be removed from the stand as a fully functionable unit and may be incorporated into a kitchen combination or a buffet. For this the kitchen combination or a buffet has a suitably large relief and corresponding fastening means. 
     The stand  101  comprises additional second fastening means  105 , which correspond to fastening means  108  of a lid  104  with which a receptacle  103  containing the meals may be covered. The second fastening means  105 , the corresponding fastening means  108  of the lid  104  as well as the configuration of the stand  101  are conceived such that the lid  104  may be closed and opened by way of the fastening means  105 ,  108  and at least may be partly sunk in the stand  101 . The stand  101  for this comprises two laterally externally attached form-outs  105  that are essentially cylindrical. The fastening means of the lid  104  corresponding to this, which preferably are attached laterally externally projecting downwards, are essentially slotted rings  108  or slotted hollow cylinders. The slots are preferably selected so large that the rings  108  or hollow cylinders with the slots may be guided over the second fastening means  105  of the stand  101 . It is also possible for the lid  104  with a certain elasticity of the lid material to be guided at the outside over the two fastening means  105 , and the rings  108  or hollow cylinder lock as soon as they are fully over the cylindrical form-outs  105  of the stand  101 . The cylindrical form-outs  105  are preferably flattened on one side in order to limit the movement of the guided-around ring  108 . 
     It is further possible to provide the fastening means of a mounting or of a lid with a rotating joint so that the fastening means may for example be plug-like form-outs. 
     The stand  101  for an improved handling and stability is provided with grips  109  and an under-plate  110 . The under-plate  110  prevents the bending of the stand  101  and simultaneously offers an additional rest surface, e.g. for cutlery or serviettes. The stand  101  may also comprise rollers, which are preferably arrestable. 
     Attached to the lid  104  there are incorporated a grip  112  and openings  111 . The openings are in this embodiment shaped as slots and serve for the water-content regulation of the meals below the lid  104 . Such lid openings  111  are preferably closable. 
     According to the size or height of the stand  101  the heat retention device may be selected as a serving variant to be placed on a table or onto a buffet or also as a free-standing individual device, for example next to a table or buffet. 
     One embodiment of the device according to the invention as is shown in  FIG. 6  has preferably rough dimensions of 770×475×425 mm (width x depth x height), wherein the height with an embodiment example according to  FIG. 7  is smaller and preferably is about 225 mm. From the description it is deduced however that theoretically there are no limitations as to the size. 
       FIG. 7  shows a heat retention device in a simple serving variant. The mounting is a tabular plate with a frame  121 , which comprises grips  129  and fastening means  126  attached on the inner side for a control unit, as well as for a lid  124 . The frame  121  and the lid  124  are configured such that the lid  124  with a grip  122  fastened on it may be guided along the fastening means  126 . The frame height is configured such that at least a partial opening and sinking of the lid  124  in the frame is made possible. In a low designed serving variant the lid  124  is preferably at the front and rear provided with a grip  122  in order to be comfortably attached and removed. The flat embodiment form of the serving variant shown in this figure permits a problem-free use of the control unit including the lid  124 , for example as an installation variant in a plate of a kitchen fitting or in a buffet. 
     In the  FIGS. 8   a  and  8   b  there are shown in each case two pairs of corresponding fastening means for individual modules. Both pairs are characterised in that they, after they have been connected to one another, may be rotated about a common axis A. In  FIG. 8   a  the fastening means are shaped cylindrically  135  or in with a hollow-cylindrical shape  138 . In order to be able to displace the fastening means  135 ,  138  in the same plane over one another, the hollow cylinder  138  is accordingly slotted. The fastening means  135 ,  138  may comprise arresting devices which limit a rotational movement. This is represented in the fastening means  135  as a flattening of the cylinder  135 . A hollow-cylindrical shaped fastening means then comprises suitable corresponding form-outs, for example likewise flattenings. 
     In  FIG. 8   b  there is shown a fastening means in the form of a simple cylinder  148  which for example is fastened to a lid. A corresponding fastening means on a mounting is then for example a slotted disk  145  or a slotted hollow cylinder. The fastening means  135 ,  138 ,  145 ,  148  are preferably configured such that they may lock. For this the slot of the disk  145  through which the cylinder is guided may be slightly narrowed or the slotted hollow cylinder  138  at least elastic in a limited manner so that the ends of the hollow cylinder  138  extend up to over the middle of the cylinder  135 . 
     In  FIGS. 9   a  and  9   b  there are shown fastening means which preferably are attached to modules that are not to be mutually rotated as for example a control unit and a mounting. The U-shaped fastening means  147  to be seen in  FIG. 9   a  is placed on the laterally cut-away cylinder  146 , wherein a module  142  equipped with the fastening means  147  with the web T bears on the cylinder  146  and by way of the sides S of the U, as well as by way of the flattening F on the cylinder  146  is secured against laterally tipping-over. The cylinder  146  may also be configured as a simple cube or as a rectangular parallelepiped. In  FIG. 9   b  there is shown a fastening means in the form of a turnbuckle. A hook-like fastening element  155  is located for this for example on a lid whist the clamping device  158  is for example fastened on a stand. Also this form of a fastening means may be very simply without further auxiliary means be closed and again opened by one person.