Abstract:
Dental obturators are used in the preparation of root canals in teeth. The subject obturators are so constructed that they bind at a particular distance into the canal, thereby precluding possible damage at the end of the canal. A variety of structural configurations is disclosed.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.: 60/500,623, filed Sep. 5, 2003. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     This invention relates to dental implements and, more particularly to such implements which are particularly designed for the filling of root canals with sealing materials.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     Dental obturators, often referred to as pluggers or, if provided with heating elements, heat carrier/pluggers, are design d for the insertion and packing of tapered gutta percha cones into a previously prepared root canal. My U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,775, describes ar endodontic treatment system in which the shaping instruments, irrigation cannulas, filling implements and related materials designed to safely create specific tapers in root canal preparation are provided. All of these various implements are designed with the same taper, preferably one which is greater than the standard ISO taper of 0.02 mm of taper/mm of flute length. My patent describes some of the benefits to be realized from using a taper which is greater than the 0.02 taper (the ISO standard) and also benefits derived from having all of the files and auxiliary implements with the same taper.  
         [0006]     In the preparation of a root canal by removing the pulp and shaping the canal to the best configuration for receiving filling materials, such as gutta percha, it is extremely important to control the depth of penetration of root canal files and to limit the depth of penetration to the root tip. In one procedure known in the prior art, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,028,810 of Vice, the length of the tooth involved, as well as the length of the root canal, is accurately determined by means of X-rays.  
         [0007]     Negotiation files may be used to keep track of the depth of the root tip as the root canal is being enlarged and shaped in preparation for the final step of insertion of the filling material. Various methods are used to limit the depth of penetration to a safe degree. Extreme care must be taken to avoid penetration beyond the root canal which may result in injury and possible infection of the adjacent periodontal tissue and bone structure.  
         [0008]     U.S. Pat. No. 4,028,810 of Vice also discloses a handle portion which is adjustably mounted in telescoping relation on the shaft of an elongated working tool. This arrangement provides a means for quickly and accurately adjusting the working length of the tool projecting from the handle.  
         [0009]     U.S. Pat. No. 3,911,587 of Forrest et al. discloses the use of reference devices formed with a plurality of blind bores of predetermined depth. These cover the known range of root canal depths, and permit the insertion of an instrument to be used in the procedure by setting the marker on the instrument.  
         [0010]     U.S. Pat. No. 4,165,562 of Sarfatti discloses a base and sleeve jointly provided with mating threads to facilitate precise longitudinal adjustment of the file relative to the sleeve. The bottom end of the sleeve is utilized as a stop which abuts the tooth to thereby limit the depth of file penetration.  
         [0011]     These and other prior art devices of similar design have a number of disadvantages in use. They are somewhat cumbersome in construction and it is time-consuming to use such that occasionally an endodontist will bypass the step of using such an implement, and work on the root canal directly with the preparation file, sometimes with disastrous results.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0012]     In brief, particular arrangements in accordance with the present invention present a new design concept which serves to make the handling, placement and accuracy in use of the GT Obturators easier for clinicians while chairside. The efficiency which is gained and the integral design of the carrier also allow for more work to be completed within the same appointment. GT Obturators in accordance with the invention are designed to be used in root canal shapes that are created with GT files specified in my U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,775 which establish a predefined tapered shape within the canal.  
         [0013]     The obturators of the invention have specific structural configurations which have one or more projections from the surface of the carrier that stop the insertion of the carrier at a point which is back from the end of the tapered canal. In one such arrangement, these projections are in the form of auto-stop carrier bumps located 3 mm back from the tip of the carrier. The projections are mounted on the carrier surface on three sides, all at the same 3 mm distance from the tip. In the predefined shape created by GT files, the bumps are sized to automatically bind the canal wall when the tip of the carrier is exactly 1 mm from the canal terminus. A number of advantages are gained from this design.  
         [0014]     One of the more important advantages is the ease of use, as the carriers no longer need to be measured or the stops adjusted prior to placement in the heating oven for the gutta percha filling material. The carrier can literally be taken out of its package, heated, and then placed in the tooth.  
         [0015]     As another advantage from use of this automatic stop, the clinician is eliminated as a variable in apical accuracy in filling the canal. In other words, the variations in clinicians abilities to place the carrier accurately have been leveled.  
         [0016]     As a further benefit, since the carrier is unable to move apically regardless of the force placed on it, a post space can now be drilled through the coronal portion of the carrier in the same dentist visit. Previously known designs required a second visit after the sealer and gutta percha are fully set to hold the carrier in place. Cutting a post space with a post space drill prior to gutta percha and sealer setting often results in over-insertion of the carrier and the expulsion of unnecessary surplus of filling material beyond the terminus of the root canal.  
         [0017]     In another particular arrangement in accordance with the invention, the diameter of the carrier handle which is provided is dramatically reduced in size. Handles which are currently in use are difficult for an assistant to grasp with locking cotton pliers which are used in passing the heated carrier to the doctor for placement in the canal. With the reduction in diameter of carries handles in accordance with the invention, the handles are much easier to grasp with cotton pliers. Also the smaller handles significantly increase the doctor&#39;s visibility of the access cavity during placement of the carrier, as opposed to the doctor having to look around his fingers which fill the operative field of view. Furthermore, in multi-canal teeth, it is difficult to place two carriers, with their handles side by side, and it is impossible to place more than two carriers without cutting the handles off.  
         [0018]     In summary, by use of the improved arrangements in accordance with the present invention the placement and packing of the filling material can be accomplished in half the time formerly required to fill with carriers, and without requiring a costly second appointment in cases where a post space is needed. Use of arrangements of the present invention also provide the benefits of eliminating filling length errors, and allow multiple carriers to be placed in a tooth, one after another, before cutting them all in one cutting operation. As a result, dentists are able to concentrate more on the task and less on their techniques.  
         [0019]     In one specific embodiment of the invention, the surface projections are in the general form of partial spheres installed on the outer surface of the carrier, preferably at a distance of one-third the carrier length from the tip. These surface projections (“bumps”) are situated in groups of three, spaced approximately equidistant about the circumference of the carrier and all at the same distance from the tip. The center of each transverse bump is located on the outer diameter of the carrier. The diameter of each spherical projection is preferably ¼ of the carrier diameter at the location of the bumps.  
         [0020]     In another particular embodiment of the invention, the projections are in the form of spaced-apart ridges, again mounted generally equidistant about the circumference of the carrier. As a variation on this embodiment, the ridges may be arranged in a spiral configuration. The advantage of using the ridged embodiment is that it provides some leeway in the insertion of the carrier into the root canal. The spiral ridge embodiment, in particular, also provides a better support for the filling material to be held along the carrier.  
         [0021]     In these embodiments of the invention, it is preferred that the carrier is bare for the final 1.5 mm of its length. This means that the filling material does not extend along the last 1.5 mm from the tip. As a result, gutta percha removal is not required at the tip as contrasted with present practice where the gutta percha extends beyond the tip and must be trimmed before use.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]     A better understanding of the present invention may be realized from a consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0023]      FIG. 1  is a schematic view showing a carrier/obturator in accordance with the present invention;  
         [0024]      FIG. 2  is a sectional view taken along the line  2 - 2  in  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0025]      FIG. 3  is a schematic side view of one particular carrier in accordance with the invention;  
         [0026]      FIG. 4  is an enlarged view of a portion of the carrier of  FIG. 3 ;  
         [0027]      FIG. 5  is a schematic view of the carrier of  FIG. 3 , viewed from the right-hand end;  
         [0028]      FIG. 6  is a schematic side view of another carrier in accordance with the invention;  
         [0029]      FIG. 7  is an enlarged view of a portion of the carrier of  FIG. 6 ;  
         [0030]      FIG. 8  is a schematic view of the carrier of  FIG. 6 , viewed from the right-hand end;  
         [0031]      FIG. 9  is a schematic side view of still another carrier in accordance with the invention;  
         [0032]      FIG. 10  is an enlarged view of a portion of the carrier of  FIG. 9 ;  
         [0033]      FIG. 11  is a schematic view of the carrier of  FIG. 9 , viewed from the right-hand end;  
         [0034]      FIG. 12  is a simulated photograph of the carrier of  FIG. 3 ;  
         [0035]      FIG. 13  is a simulated photograph of the carrier of  FIG. 6 ;  
         [0036]      FIG. 14  is a simulated photograph of the carrier of  FIG. 9 ; and  
         [0037]      FIGS. 15A and 15B ,  16 A and  16 B, and  17 A and  17 B are enlarged views of the carriers of  FIGS. 12, 13  and  14 , respectively. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0038]      FIGS. 1 and 2  show one particular embodiment of the present invention as it is prepared for use. As shown in these figures, a carrier  10  is provided with a tip  12 , a tapered portion  14 , and a portion  16  of fixed diameter terminating at a cut-off end  18 . The tapered portion  14  extends from the tip  12  to the point  15 . The carrier  10  is shown with a gutta percha plug  20  positioned thereon and extending at the rearward end to a plate  22 . The plug  20  terminates at a forward end  24  which is located approximately 1.5 mm back from the tip  12 . The length of the tapered portion  14  is shown at a. Approximately one-third (a/3) of the tapered length  14  back from the tip  12  is a spherical projection or button  30 . This button  30  (one of three) is mounted on the outer surface of the carrier at a distance b from the tip  12 . On the fixed-diameter portion of the carrier  10  is a cylindrical tactile collar  32  which tapers outwardly from its point of juncture with the outer surface of the fixed-diameter portion  16  of the carrier  10 . The collar  32  serves to provide the user with a tactile indication of that point on the carrier, as well as serving as a stop for the oven arm in the heating of the gutta percha.  
         [0039]     As best seen in  FIG. 2 , the carrier  10  has three spherical bumps or buttons  30  projecting from the outer surface of the carrier  10 . In  FIG. 2 , the diameter of the carrier at the position of the bumps is indicated as CD 3 . Extending axially along the tapered portion  14  of the carrier  10  is an elongated, shallow groove  40 . This groove makes it easier to withdraw the carrier from the gutta percha plug  20 . A plate  22  which is slidable along the carrier is placed at the proximal end of the plug  20 . When the carrier is to be removed from the root canal after placement of the plug  20 , the plate  22  serves to retain the plug  20  in position as the carrier  10  is withdrawn.  
         [0040]     As indicated in  FIG. 2 , the buttons  30  may be located equally spaced about the circumference of the carrier  10  at about 120-degree locations. Alternatively, the buttons  30  may be spaced approximately 90 degrees apart with the center button  30  being on the opposite side of the carrier  10  from the groove  40 .  
         [0041]     In the views of  FIGS. 3, 4  and  5 , a carrier  10  having spherical buttons  30  is shown. In this version, the buttons  30  are located at  120  degrees about the periphery of the tapered portion  14 . The carrier of the  FIG. 3  embodiment has a collar  32  with an adjacent stop plate  22 ′ which is slidable along the carrier  10  to retain the plug in place when the carrier is being withdrawn from the root canal.  
         [0042]      FIGS. 6, 7  and  8  depict an alternative embodiment to that of  FIGS. 3, 4  and  5 .  FIGS. 6 and 7  are side views of a carrier  110  having a tapered portion  114 , tip  112 , tactile element  132  and a retainer plate  122 . Instead of the buttons  30  of the first embodiment, this carrier  110  has three elongate longitudinal ridges  130  projecting outwardly from the carrier surface. These longitudinal ridges  130  are rounded in shape and serve the same function as the bumps  30 , constituting stops for the carrier  110  when it is being inserted into a root canal with the gutta percha plug  20  mounted on the tapered portion of the carrier. Being elongated, they provide better attachment of the gutta percha plug on the tapered portion of the carrier  110  than is afforded by the bumps  30 . Otherwise, the use of the carrier  110  is essentially the same as that of the carrier  10 . The carrier  110  also has a shallow groove  140  along one side of the carrier to make it easier to withdraw the carrier from the gutta percha plug.  
         [0043]      FIGS. 9, 10  and  11  depict still another embodiment of the invention in which a carrier  210  is shown having a tactile collar  232 , a tapered portion  214 , and a tip  212 . Three spiral ridges  230  are positioned along the tapered portion  214  in the same manner as the ridges  130  of the embodiment of  FIG. 6 , except that these ridges  230  are spiraled slightly. Otherwise, the carrier  21  is essentially identical to the carrier  110  of the  FIG. 6  embodiment. Placing the ridges  230  in a spiral configuration gives added holding power for the gutta percha plug on the carrier.  
         [0044]      FIGS. 12, 13  and  14  are simulated photographs of the three embodiments of  FIGS. 3, 6  and  9 , respectively. These views show that the carriers are devoid of a conventional handle which is typically significantly larger in diameter than the diameter of the carrier. Since there is no handle to extend radially from the outer end of the carriers, more carriers can be inserted into a root canal without interference from others. With carriers having conventional handles, at most two carriers can be inserted at a time. With the feature of the present invention providing carriers without handles extending beyond the carrier, as many as four carriers can be inserted into a tooth, one for each root canal, and the outer ends can then all be severed at once.  
         [0045]      FIGS. 15A-15B ,  16 A- 16 B and  17 A- 17 B are enlarged simulated photographs of the carriers shown in  FIGS. 12, 13  and  14 , respectively.  FIGS. 15, 16  and  17  depict essentially the same elements, designated by the same corresponding reference numerals, as those shown in  FIGS. 12, 13  and  14 , respectively.  
         [0046]     Although there have been described hereinabove various specific arrangements of IMPROVED OBTURATORS in accordance with the invention for the purpose of illustrating the manner in which the invention may be used to advantage, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited thereto. Accordingly, any and all modifications, variations or equivalent arrangements which may occur to those skilled in the art should be considered to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the annexed claims.