Abstract:
An internet service provider (ISP) is configured to analyze a subscriber&#39;s sent e-mail packets to determine a subscriber identity associated with the e-mail packets. A database is then queried to determine a current sending rate of e-mails by the subscriber. A sending rate above an allowed threshold causes the upstream transmission of the e-mail packets to be blocked by injecting connection destroying packets. A subscriber remains blocked from upstream transmission of e-mails until the sending rate as determined by the ISP drops below a second, more stringent threshold. This automatic process is also accompanied by automated messaging to the subscriber with information as to the measures taken and remedial options.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/004,634, filed Dec. 24, 2007, entitled SYSTEM, METHOD AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM FOR PROCESSING UNSOLICITED ELECTRONIC MAIL, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/877,500, filed Dec. 28, 2006, entitled ABUSE SENTRY, AUDIT SENTRY, AUTHENTICATION ICON, the entire contents of each are incorporated by reference herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to monitoring and control of communications through Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and in particular to the monitoring and control of electronic mail communications. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Electronic mail, referred to herein as e-mail, has become the premier communication medium. However, the ease and accessibility of e-mail which are its great benefits have also contributed to e-mail&#39;s greatest detriment, which is the sending of bulk unsolicited messages known colloquially as spam. The majority of unwanted e-mail, SPAM, originates from the PCs of internet subscribers that are controlled by a virus/Trojan infection. It typically falls to an Internet Service Provide (ISP) to control the spam e-mails in order to maximize bandwidth efficiency for the ISP. In order to prevent spam e-mails from being sent, the Internet Service Providers will typically first identify the infected subscriber who is the source of the spam e-mails, largely from external complaints, and then block further e-mails emanating from the subscriber while simultaneously assisting the subscriber to remove the infection from the subscriber&#39;s computer. This largely manual procedure is time consuming and personnel intensive. 
     What is required is a system, method and computer readable medium that can provide a more automated procedure for handling spam originators within an e-mail network. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In one embodiment of the disclosure, there is provided a method of blocking an electronic mail transmission comprising monitoring an electronic mail message at a point on a transmission path; determining a subscriber associated with said electronic mail message; determining if said subscriber is a blocked subscriber; and if said subscriber is a blocked subscriber, preventing transmission of said electronic mail message from said point. 
     In one embodiment of the disclosure, there is provided a network comprising at least one internet service provider that provides an internet connection for one or more subscribers; and at least one electronic mail processing system comprising at least one database; and at least one query engine that executes one or more queries on said at least one database; wherein said electronic mail processing system receives an electronic mail message received by said at least one internet service provider from said one or more subscribers; wherein said query engine executes a first query on said at least one database to determine a subscriber identity associated with said electronic mail message; wherein said query engine executes a second query on said at least one database to determine a transmission status associated with said subscriber identity; and wherein said electronic mail message is transmitted dependent on said transmission status. 
     In one embodiment of the disclosure, there is provided an internet service provider comprising at least one router; and a packet processing engine; wherein said at least one router routes one or more electronic mail packets identifying a recipient to said packet processing engine; wherein said packet processing engine determines if said one or more electronic mail packets are to be blocked; wherein if said one or more electronic mail packet are to be blocked, said packet processing engine routes a blocking packet to said router; and wherein said router transmits said blocking packet towards said recipient. 
     In one embodiment of the disclosure, there is provided a method of operating an internet service provider comprising receiving one or more packets into the internet service provider from a subscriber; determining if transmission upstream of said one or more packets is to be blocked; and if said transmission upstream of said one or more packets is to be blocked, blocking upstream transmission of said one or more packets. 
     In one embodiment of the disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium comprising instructions for receiving a plurality of electronic mail messages from a subscriber; determining a sending rate of said plurality of electronic mail messages; comparing said sending rate with a threshold; and preventing transmission of at least one of said electronic mail messages if said sending rate is above said threshold. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to specific embodiments and to the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  schematically illustrates a network in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  represents a method for preventing e-mail transmission in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 3  represents a method for preventing email packet transmission in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 4  schematically illustrates providing a notification to a subscriber of a blocked status; 
         FIG. 5  represents a processor executing an instruction set for preventing an e-mail transmission; and 
         FIG. 6  represents an alternative network configuration. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the Applicant&#39;s earlier patent applications, U.S. Ser. No. 10/023,674 and U.S. Ser. No. 10/623,893, the entire contents of which are explicitly incorporated herein by reference, the present Applicants described networks in which communications could be provided from an ISP to a subscriber of the ISP. In the referenced applications, a redirection device was placed in the path of upstream traffic from the subscriber. The redirection device, operating under the control of a consolidating and management device elsewhere in the network, processed upstream data packets to determine when targeted communications to the subscriber were required. 
     The present embodiments utilize many of the features and functionalities of the networks described in the Applicant&#39;s earlier patent applications referenced above. In  FIG. 1 , there is shown a system or network  10  in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. In the network  10 , an ISP  12  provides a link between a subscriber device  14  and the internet  16 . For the sake of clarity, in the following embodiments the subscriber device  14  will be referred to specifically as a personal computer, or PC. However, it will be readily understood by the person skilled in the art that the subscriber device  14  may be any internet enabled device such as a personal computer (PC), laptop, palm device, mobile telephone, gaming console and the like, and all such internet enabled devices are to be considered equivalent. 
     The network  10  includes at least one redirection device  21  that is placed at the path of upstream traffic  15  from the subscriber  14 , either in the path or in a position to monitor the path. As described in the above referenced earlier applications, the redirection device  21  may be placed at many points within the network  10  and is preferably placed at an edge of the network that represents the last scaleable point in the operator&#39;s network. In one embodiment, the redirection device  21  is placed within the ISP  12 . The term redirection device is used herein in order to provide consistency with the Applicant&#39;s earlier patent applications referenced above. The person skilled in the art will understand from the foregoing description that in the context of the present disclosure, the redirection device may not perform a redirection function in all embodiments. 
     The network  10  also includes a consolidating and management device  26 , for example of the type as described in the Applicant&#39;s earlier applications referenced above. The consolidating and management device  26  is operatively associated with the redirection device  21  to form an electronic mail processing system, and more particularly a packet processing system, as will be described in greater detail below. 
     The ISP  12  includes a router or switch  22 , a redirection device  21  as described above and an address provisioning database  23 . The address provisioning database  23  stores associations between subscribers of the ISP and IP addresses allocated to the subscribers. A second database  24  stores associations between subscribers of the ISP and sending rate profiles as will be described below. The consolidating and management device  26  provides a query engine for accessing data from the databases  23 ,  24  in response to requests from the redirection device  21 . 
     While two databases  23 ,  24  are illustrated and described herein for clarity, the person skilled in the art will readily understand that the two databases  23 ,  24  can be consolidated into a single database or that the two databases can be divided into a higher number of databases. For example, the databases  23 ,  24  may be consolidated with a database for storing an association between users and a subscriber account, as described in the Applicant&#39;s co-pending application Ser. No. 12/004,635, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. Alternatively or in addition, the databases  23 ,  24  may be consolidated with a database for storing an association between a subscriber and a shared secret as described in the Applicant&#39;s co-pending application Ser. No. 12/004,645, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     Downstream traffic from the internet  16 , indicated by path  28  is routed by the router  22  to the intended subscriber  14 . Upstream traffic in the form of data packets  27  follow the path  15  from the subscriber  14  to be routed by the router  22  to the redirection device  21 , thence back to the router  22  and onto the internet  16 . In an alternative embodiment shown in  FIG. 6 , upstream traffic  15  passes directly through the Internet provider with the addition of a “mirror port” or “tap” allowing the redirector,  21 , to monitor the upstream traffic. 
     The operation of the system  10  will now be described with reference to  FIG. 1  and to the flowchart  100  illustrated in  FIG. 2 . At step  101 , an e-mail message is received and a subscriber associated with the e-mail message is identified at step  102 . The system  10  then determines if the subscriber is a blocked subscriber (step  103 ), and if the subscriber is a blocked subscriber, the transmission of the e-mail message is prevented (step  104 ). 
     In one embodiment, the method steps described above are performed within the ISP as illustrated in the flowchart  200  of  FIG. 3 . At step  201 , data packets  27  originating at the subscriber are received in the ISP  12  and provided to the router  22 . The router  22  passes selected packets to the redirection device  21  for processing. For example, the router may determine if a data packet is a relevant e-mail packet, such as an SMTP SYN packet, which indicates the commencement of an email message. 
     If an appropriate e-mail packet is identified, the redirection device  21  determines if the upstream transmission of the e-mail message is to be blocked, (step  202 ). Firstly, the redirection device  21  analyzes the e-mail data packet  27  to retrieve an IP address of the e-mail data packet  27 . The redirection device  21  forwards the IP address to the consolidation and management device  26 , which executes a first query on the address provisioning database  23  to retrieve a subscriber identity associated with the IP address. The consolidation and management device  26  then executes a second query on the database  24  using the retrieved subscriber identity to retrieve the subscriber&#39;s sending rate profile which is forwarded to the redirection device  21 . The redirection device  21  analyzes the received sending rate profile to determine a transmission status for the subscriber. If the sending rate profile indicates an e-mail sending rate outside of allowed parameters, the redirection device  21  takes steps to block the transmission of the e-mail data packet  27  (step  203 ), otherwise, the data packet is redirected back to the router  21  where it continues transmission on the upstream path  29 . The attempt to send the e-mail data packet is incorporated into the sending rate profile which is updated in the database  24 . 
     In one embodiment, the subscribers are blocked from sending e-mail messages by injecting a blocking packet into the e-mail data stream. The blocking packet destroys the e-mail connection and stops the e-mail message from sending. For example, the redirection device may generate and inject an SMTP packet that mimics the subscriber packet, i.e. correct peer, port, and sequence numbering, with the reset flag set. This packet is obeyed by the upstream operating system which drops the connection. Alternatively or in addition, a packet having a reset flag set may be injected downstream  28  to the subscriber  14 , i.e. mirroring the sender packet, so that the e-mail message is blocked by terminating the connection from the subscriber end. Other methods for automatically blocking the e-mail message may be apparent to the person skilled in the art and are considered equivalent. 
     The sending rate profile stored in database  24  determines whether a subscriber is blocked from sending emails. Every time an SMTP SYN packet is received from a subscriber, the subscriber&#39;s sending rate profile is updated. In one embodiment, the subscriber is placed into the blocked state if the subscriber&#39;s sending rate is greater than 20 per minute. In one embodiment, the subscriber is placed into the blocked state if the subscriber&#39;s sending rate is greater than 30 per minute. In one embodiment, the subscriber is placed into the blocked state if the subscriber&#39;s sending rate is greater than 40 per minute. In one embodiment, the subscriber is placed into the blocked state if the subscriber&#39;s sending rate is greater than 50 per minute. The person skilled in the art will understand that the above exemplary sending rates are offered as examples only and that the specific sending rate required to place the subscriber into the blocked state may be arbitrarily chosen by the ISP. In addition, the sending rate required to place a subscriber into the blocked state need not be fixed by may be dynamically adjusted depending on various factors such as current bandwidth utilization. In tests conducted by the present Applicants where unsolicited emails were being sent, the threshold sending rate was typically exceeded within a few seconds, resulting in the user being blocked quickly. 
     In one embodiment, the system may allow the automatic unblocking of blocked subscribers. In order to unblock a subscriber, the sending rate must drop below a required threshold, which may be the same threshold that was exceeded to block the subscriber or may be a different threshold. In one embodiment, the test required to release the subscriber from the blocked state is made more stringent than the test required to block the subscriber, for example by setting the blocked threshold to be at least three times greater than the unblocked threshold. In one embodiment, the subscriber is placed into the unblocked state if the subscriber&#39;s sending rate is less than 10 per minute. In one embodiment, the subscriber is placed into the unblocked state if the subscriber&#39;s sending rate is less than 5 per minute. In one embodiment, the subscriber is placed into the unblocked state if the subscriber&#39;s sending rate is less than 5 per two minutes. In one embodiment, the subscriber is placed into the unblocked state if the subscriber&#39;s sending rate is less than 5 messages in 5 minutes. 
     The sending rate profile of a subscriber may store an additional blocked status flag indicating the current blocked/unblocked status of the subscriber. The blocked status flag may be used to determine which threshold is applied to the sending rate profile when a new e-mail message is sent by the subscriber. In one embodiment, the consolidating and management device  26  updates the sending rate profiles only when new e-mail messages are sent by the subscriber. In this embodiment, a blocked subscriber will remain blocked until the subscriber attempts sending an e-mail within a timeframe allowable by the threshold parameters. In an alternative embodiment, the consolidating and management device  26  may periodically run a check query on the sending rate profile database  24  to calculate the sending rates of subscribers within a current timeframe. If the query indicates that the sending rate profile for any blocked subscriber has fallen below the rate required to unblock the subscriber, the subscriber&#39;s blocked status flag may be reset to the default unblocked status. It is important to note that the above process although being automatic, also reduces significantly, the incidences of “false positives” since an intermittent intentional and valid sending of a relatively large set of e-mail messages by a subscriber will result in a rapid restoration to the unblocked status, normally not differentiated from normal Internet conditions, and the messages from the subscriber will ultimately get through. 
     When a subscriber is initially blocked, the redirection device can trigger the sending of a message to the subscriber indicating the blocked status and suggesting remedies to fix the problem. A message may be sent through any suitable medium such as by an e-mail to the subscriber. 
     In an alternative embodiment, a web-browser message may be sent to the subscriber, using the techniques described in the Applicant&#39;s earlier applications referenced above. For example, with reference to  FIG. 4 , when a subscriber  14  is initially blocked, a flag may be set in a policy database  38  that identifies the subscriber as requiring notification of the actions taken by the ISP  12 . When the redirection device  21  receives a web page request, the redirection device  21  processes the TCP SYN packet to determine the IP address. The redirection device  21  then checks, via the consolidating and management device  26  whether a notification is pending for the current subscriber associated with the IP address. If a notification is pending, the redirection device  21  provides to the subscriber an HTML redirection to destination server  39  that combines the destination URL in the page request and the URL for the message into a new page redirection for the subscriber&#39;s browser to fetch. In one embodiment, in addition to the requested page content  42 , the new page  40  includes a banner  41  or similarly visible message that indicates to the subscriber  14  that the subscriber&#39;s computer is sending a high rate of e-mails and has been blocked. The banner may indicate that the subscriber&#39;s computer has a virus and include a hyperlink  44  to a downloadable disinfection facility for removing the virus. In one embodiment, the new page  40  may include an authentication code that verifies the authenticity of the virus indication to the subscriber. In one embodiment, the authentication code may be a shared secret, for example as described in the Applicant&#39;s co-filed application Ser. No. 12/004,645 referenced above. 
     In one embodiment depicted in  FIG. 5 , the ISP  12  includes at least one processor  51  operatively associated with at least one memory  52 . The memory  52  stores an instruction set  500  executable on the processor  51 . When executed, the processor  51  receives a plurality of e-mail messages from the subscriber ( 501 ). The processor  51  then determines a sending rate of the e-mail messages ( 502 ) and compares the sending rate with a threshold ( 503 ). If the sending rate is above an allowable threshold, the processor  51  prevents transmission of at least one of the e-mail messages ( 504 ). 
     One advantage of the above described embodiments is that by relying on the subscriber identity instead of merely the IP address, the system can prevent viruses and trojans from thwarting the system should the subscriber acquire a different IP address. The subscriber identity is a fixed identity, typically an identity assigned by the provider provisioning system such as a modem serial number or MAC address and can not be changed by the virus or trojan. 
     While one redirection device is shown within the ISP, the person skilled in the art will readily understand that any number of redirections devices may be provided for processing upstream data packets. In particular, separate redirection devices may be provided for separate channels within the ISP. Typically, a single consolidating and management device can be used to manage a plurality of redirections devices and to execute the queries to the databases. However, the person skilled in the art will readily understand that a plurality of consolidating and management devices may be employed. 
     An advantage of the embodiments herein described includes allowing the behavior of unsolicited email senders to be monitored while maintaining the block on the e-mails. That is, attempts to send e-mails may continue through the sending of fresh SMTP SYN packets even though the e-mails are not successfully transmitted. The placement of a new SMTP SYN packet will maintain the sending rate profile outside of the allowed parameters, thereby maintaining the block on the subscriber. 
     An advantage of the embodiments herein described include that spam-sending issues can be resolved rapidly using network devices that are relatively simple to install within the ISP and do not require all network traffic to pass through them. In particular, the redirection device  21  requires only read-only access to the data packets that it processes. A further advantage is that the embodiments may be implemented without updates being required to subscriber hardware or software and thus are instantly applicable across all subscribers to the ISP. 
     While a single ISP has been described and illustrated, the person skilled in the art will readily understand that a plurality of ISPs may be provided that utilize a common electronic mail management system or that each have an associated electronic mail management system as described above. 
     Although embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated in the accompanied drawings and described in the foregoing description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications, and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth and defined by the following claims. For example, the capabilities of the invention can be performed fully and/or partially by one or more of the blocks, modules, processors or memories. Also, these capabilities may be performed in the current manner or in a distributed manner and on, or via, any device able to provide and/or receive information. Further, although depicted in a particular manner, various modules or blocks may be repositioned without departing from the scope of the current invention. Still further, although depicted in a particular manner, a greater or lesser number of modules and connections can be utilized with the present invention in order to accomplish the present invention, to provide additional known features to the present invention, and/or to make the present invention more efficient. Also, the information sent between various modules can be sent between the modules via at least one of a data network, the Internet, an Internet Protocol network, a wireless source, and a wired source and via plurality of protocols.