Abstract:
A timer in which primary (household or solar or wind) electrical power is used as a source to direct the primary power to an electrically powered device, such as an appliance or light. Electrical energy for the timer can be provided by the household current (or solar/wind power), optionally suitably transformed or inverted to provide acceptable voltage of either AC or DC to operate a motor or CPU. In case of interruption of the source of the primary electrical power, rechargeable battery(s) housed within the case of the timer will operate the timer until the primary source of electrical power is restored. The case can also accommodate additional rechargeable battery(s) in a charging station, which additional rechargeable battery(s) are not required to power the tinier in the event of loss of primary power.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     In one embodiment, the invention pertains to a timer in which household electrical power (in the United States-115 Volts AC; in some other countries 230 Volts AC or DC) is used as a switch to direct the household current to the appliance or light source. The switch can be regulated mechanically by a motor turning a gear train to rotate a dial. The dial may be provided with at least one On-Off cycle every twenty four hours. Multiple On-Off cycles ma also be provided to be operated by the single dial. Alternatively, one or more on-off cycles may be operated by digitally programming a central processing unit (“CPU”) to operate an electronic, or mechanical switch. Electrical energy for either the motor or digital programming can be provided by the household current, optionally suitably transformed or inverted to provide acceptable voltage of either AC or DC to operate the motor/CPU. In conditions where the household current is interrupted due to storms, accidents or other conditions, the timer of the invention is operated by a self-contained rechargeable battery. This self-contained battery will continue to operate the motor or CPU, as necessary, to keep the timer of the invention synchronous with external time and maintain the preset On-Off cycle(s). Of course, the rechargeable battery of the timer will not have the capacity to supply the household current to the appliance/light, but will turn On, and/or turn Off the output receptacle, even though the household current is not being applied to the timer. In a further embodiment, the timer can also charge external rechargeable battery(s), which external battery(s) may be independent of the tuning circuit and operation of the On-Off switching functions, or alternatively, may also aid in providing energy to the timer itself when the household power is interrupted. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     In a most simply form, timers are known to transfer household electrical supply from a source of suitable electric current, to an electrically powered device, such as an appliance or light. One such device is shown in U.S. Design Pat. No. D380,396, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. As shown in  FIG. 1  herein (Prior Art) the timer  8  is provided in a case  10 , which houses a motor (not shown) to rotate a dial  12 . The dial  12  may be provided with suitable indicia  13  representing units of time, such as hours and subdivisions thereof. Mechanically operated actuators  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  may be placed about the periphery of dial  12 , in order to mechanically operate a switch  25  to turn the switch  25  either On or turn the switch  25  Off to connect, or alternatively, interrupt the connection of the household power supply to the output receptacle  24 . By having a number of such actuators  14 ,  16 ,  18  and  20  (or more or less, as desired) multiple On-Off cycles can be regulated by the timer. Alternatively, a digital clock circuit may be used to turn the switch On-Off to connect/interrupt the household electrical supply to the output receptacle in response to an integrated circuit (IC) or a programmable CPU (not shown) that provides even greater flexibility in the number of On-Off cycles that can be provided to the appliance timer. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2  (Prior Art) the household electrical supply may be obtained by inserting prongs (such as prong  22 ,  23 ) into a source of household electrical supply, such as a receptacle (not shown) which is the source of the household electrical current. A plug (not shown) of the appliance/light may be inserted into output receptacle  24  in case  10 . Although a conventional United States polarized receptacle is illustrated in  FIG. 2 , it should be understood that in the invention, the receptacle may include a grounding opening; or may be configured for other countries, i.e., any of the conventional 220 Volt AC or DC systems. Upon actuation of a switch  25  by any of the actuators  14 ,  16 ,  18  or  20 , an electrical connection is made between prongs  22 ,  23  and output receptacle  24  permitting power to flow to the appliance/light to energize the same. Alternative the switch  25  may open terminating the electrical connection. 
     A problem with the prior art device illustrated in  FIGS. 1-2  is the fact that any interruption of the household current will cause the motor to cease rotation thereby throwing the timer of the prior art out of synchronicity with external time. Upon re-establishment of the household current, the motor will begin to operate as normal, but because of the lack of continuous operation, the timer will now be asynchronous with external time. Thus, the actuators will not operate as desired to actuate the appliance/light at the desired time, but will turn the switch  25  On or Off at inappropriate times. 
     Heretofore, there has not been an appliance/light timer to overcome this problem. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In one embodiment of the invention, an independent power source, such as rechargeable battery(s)  205 , is included within a case  110  ( FIG. 3 ). The rechargeable battery(s)  205  is of a size sufficient to maintain the energization of the primary motor so as to maintain the rotation of dial  112  ( FIG. 4 ) in synchronicity with external time even though the household current is absent. As with the prior art, dial  112  may have indicia thereon to indicated divisions of time, such as hours or portions thereof. Additionally moveable actuators, such as actuator  114 , may be provided to work in concert with dial  112  to perform an action, such as turning power On or Off to the output receptacle  124 . 
     In a farther embodiment, a second motor, rather than the primary motor, is energized by the rechargeable battery. The second motor will maintain the rotation of the dial  112 , but will draw power exclusively from the rechargeable battery  205  and will not be operated by the household power supply. Thus, the second motor need not share any power requirements of the primary motor (such as voltage amount or type (AC or DC), or power requirements). A normally closed switch, operated by the household current to be held open, will close upon cessation, or reduction in voltage/amperage of household power supply to enable the rechargeable battery to operate the primary or secondary motor during periods of interruption or degradation (brown-out) of the household power supply. 
     In a still further embodiment of the invention, the timer of the invention is provided with a charging station  200 , which can be used to recharge rechargeable battery(s) for non-timer use, i.e., these rechargeable battery(s) do not have to operate any part of the timer mechanism and can be removed from the charging station  200  of the device  100  and used to supply energy to other battery powered devices. 
     In a still further embodiment, the charging station  200  can be used as a source of additional battery power as a back-up to, or as a supplement to the internal rechargeable battery(s) enclosed in case  110 . Although a single battery  205  is illustrated, the single battery  205  could be replaced by a plurality of battery(s)  205  without departing from the gist of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  (Prior Art) is a perspective view of a tinier according to the prior art; 
         FIG. 2  (Prior Art) is a top view of the timer of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a rear view of the timer of the invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of another embodiment of the timer of the invention illustrating the auxiliary charging station; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic illustration of one form of a DC motor operated solely by battery power; 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram illustrating a dual mode battery charging device constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and, 
         FIG. 7  is a schematic, front view of an alternative form of the timer of the invention, that is, a digital appliance/light timer according to the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, not every element of the timer is reproduced in every drawing figure for clarity, but it is to be expressly understood that the various elements disclosed herein can be embodied in each embodiment illustrated in the drawings according to the invention. The rechargeable batteries used in the present invention may be of the sizes conventionally known as “D”, “C”, “AA”, or “AAA”, etc. The timer of the invention may also be used to charge a mix of differently sized batteries, such as a “123” battery within the case  110  and “AA” batteries in the charging station  200 . All that is necessary is that the rechargeable batteries are appropriately sized for their function. 
     In one embodiment of the invention, the timer  100  of the invention is provided with a case  110 , which case  110  is provided with prongs  122 ,  123  to be insertable into an appropriate source of household power supply, such as a receptacle (not shown) which is the source of household electrical supply. While I have illustrated a conventional, polarized receptacle as used in the United States, it should be understood that other type/configurations of prongs to match receptacles used in the United States and other parts of the world could be substituted for prongs  122 ,  123  without the exercise of invention. For example, a grounded prong could be included with prongs  122 ,  123 , without departing from the invention. Prongs configured for 220 Volt receptacles as might be used in various countries throughout the world could be provided as an alternative to those illustrated in the drawings. Typical lights operable by the timer of the invention could be a household lamp or combination of lamps. Alternatively, the timer could operate one or more electrically powered devices, such as electrically powered appliances, such as a fan, a television, a pet food dispenser, and similar electrically powered devices or appliances. Similarly, though not illustrated, the timer  100  could be “hard-wired” to a source of household electrical supply by the connection of household wiring to terminals  125 ,  128  ( FIG. 5 ) provided within the case  110 , thereby eliminating the need for prongs  122 ,  123  without departing from the invention. However, the timer  100  provided with a case  110 , as illustrated in the various views of the drawings, presents the most versatile type of timer, being not only portable and capable of being used throughout various locations within a building, but also requiring no electrical knowledge on the part of the operator except for the operator being capable of inserting the plug of the appliance/light into receptacle  124  and inserting prongs  122 ,  123  into a receptacle of appropriate household current. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 , a battery  205  is contained within case  110  to supply power to the timer  100  in the event of failure of the external power supply. Although not illustrated, a sliding or removable cover can be provided to access battery  205  for periodic maintenance, such as replacement thereof. An indicator light  155 , ( FIG. 4 ), which could be a conventional filament light, but more preferably a light emitting diode (LED), indicates when the household power is interrupted. In such an event, the power to illuminate indicator light  155  is supplied by one or more of the battery(s)  205  etc., in the timer of the invention, and is actuated when a normally On switch connecting the indicator light  155  to a source of battery power through a switch (not shown) which switch is held open (Off) by the household power and which, upon interruption of the household power, is permitted to close into the normally On position thereby completing a circuit with one or more of the rechargeable battery(s). 
     In a further embodiment of the invention, shown in  FIG. 5 , a miniature DC motor  300 , powered solely by battery(s)  205  operates a drive chain  304 , which drive chain  304  can be directly connected to open or close switches  306 ,  308  to operatively connect the source of household power entering timer  100  through prongs  122 ,  123  to connect them directly to output receptacle  124 . An integrated circuit or CPU can be programmed to set the time of actuation, and/or de-actuation of switches  306 ,  308 . Alternatively the drive chain  304  can be directly connected to dial  112 , such that mechanical switches are actuated by the actuators  114  placed on the periphery of the dial  112  as previously described. Placement of the actuators  114  can be facilitated by providing indicia  140  on the face of dial  112 , the indicia representing units of time and/or subdivisions thereof as previously described. 
     In a still further embodiment of the invention, case  110  is provided with a charging station  200  ( FIG. 4 ) to be used to charge rechargeable batteries  210 ,  220  other than batter(s)  20  within case  110 . As noted above, the batteries  210 ,  220  in charging station  200  may be of a size/type different than the rechargeable battery(s)  205 . Although I have illustrated the charging of two batteries  210 ,  220  in charging station  200 , it should be expressly understood that such is exemplary only, and a greater or lesser number of batteries can be charged in charging station  200 . Springs (not shown) placed against the charging terminal(s) can be used to accommodate batteries of different lengths/sizes. In a preferred arrangement the springs are arranged on only one side of the charging station in order to bias the battery towards the other charging terminal. For example, the spring may be arranged on the right side of the device in order to push the smaller batteries toward the left side of the device where the positive contact is located. Alternatively a movable terminal, such as a screw adjustable terminal, might be provided to accommodate different lengths of battery(s). It is also to be understood that battery(s) recharged in charging station  200  may be used for purposes completely independent of the timer  100  of the invention, i.e., they may be used as flashlight batteries or for powering battery powered devices. 
     However, in a still further embodiment of the invention, the battery(s) within charging station  200  may be used as an auxiliary source of power to timer  100 , or as a supplement to battery(s)  205  contained in the case  110  of timer  100 . In such as case, an electrical link (not shown) is provided to electrically connect the external rechargeable battery(s) located in recharging station  725  ( FIG. 7 ) to the timer. 
       FIG. 6  is a block diagram of a dual mode battery charging device of the present invention in which  500  denotes battery charging section from a power Voltage input terminal (abbreviated “Vin”) if only a first battery B 410  is to be charged. Also, if only a second battery B 420  is being charged, the operation is identical to the charging of only the first battery B 410 , but controlled by charging control module  600 . However, it is possible that the first battery B 410  and the second battery B 420  can both be charged simultaneously. Knowledge of a circuit permitting such an operation is known to those skilled in the art. A suitable circuit of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,717,309, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, can be used to charge battery B 410 , battery B 420  and/or both simultaneously. It should be understood that either battery B 410  or battery B 420  of  FIG. 6  could represent the battery(s)  205  in  FIG. 3 , and the other battery could represent one (or more) of the batteries  210 ,  220  in the charging section  200  of  FIG. 4 . 
     As a still alternative embodiment, the battery(s) of the invention could be used as the sole source of electrical power, such as low voltage external lights. In such cases, the source of power to the battery charging station could be household power, or alternatively, solar panels or wind power. However, when the timer is activated, a mechanical (or digital) switch could connect the lights to the rechargeable battery and not to either the household current or to the solar panel or wind power. In such a case the Vin of  FIG. 6  could represent the output of one or a plurality of solar panels to provide the power required to charge battery B 410 , battery B 420 , or both, simultaneously. 
     In  FIG. 7  is shown a further embodiment of the invention. The appliance/light timer  700  according to this alternative embodiment has a face provided with a display  710 , which may display such information as the On/Off status of the timer device, the time of day (and additionally the day of the week, the date, the month, etc.). Indicia lights  712  and  713  may indicate whether the battery(s) are charging, or that the battery(s) are fully charged, or the status of the household power, respectively. As with other indicia lights disclosed in this specification, the lights may be incandescent filament bulbs, or alternatively, light emitting diodes (LEDs). A rocker/selector  720  to set or alter the information displayed on display  710  may also be provided. The rocker/selector is provided with a selector  721  to enable various functions of the appliance/light timer  700 . For example, depressing selector  721  may be configured and used as a simple switch to simply turn On or OFF various functions of timer  700 . In one embodiment, it may “select” the information visible on the display, such as the time/date of a desired function. In other embodiments, the selector  721  may be used to delay, set, or terminate the duration of time to provide power to one or more external lights/appliances. In various embodiments, “indicia” (not shown) may be placed upon or near selector  721 , such as “select”, “ON/OFF”, or universal symbols to show the function. The recharging station  725  of  FIG. 7  illustrates two battery(s)  730 ,  740  may be inserted into charging station  725 . Springs  731 ,  741 , respectively, hold the battery(s)  730 ,  740  in place, and assist in the electrical charging of the battery(s). As described above, the springs may accommodate various lengths of battery(s) by biasing shorter battery(s) towards the positive charging terminal, or the charging terminals may be made adjustable to accommodate various lengths of battery(s). The springs employed may have various configurations to bias the battery(s) including, without limitation, coil, elliptic, leaf, helical, or, without limitation, any other type of spring sufficient to impart the biasing effect to shorter battery(s). The spring itself may be electrically conducting, such as a wire spring, or the spring may be non-electrically conducting and serve as the mechanism upon which the electrically charging terminal is located. 
     Without departing from the spirit of the invention disclosed herein in the several exemplary and different embodiments, changes may be made in its form and in the construction and interrelationship of its component parts by those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the present specification in conjunction with the attached drawings and without the exercise of invention.