Abstract:
A three-dimensional structure comprising a plurality of substantially planar sections and an adhesive layer. The planar sections are oriented in stacked relation with one another. The adhesive layer binds the sections in substantially fixed relation with one another. In exemplary embodiments, the sections may be formed from a single piece or from plural pieces. The three-dimensional structure is formed by positioning the respective sections on a retainer and affixing them in place in relation to one another.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 61/812,681, entitled, “Three Dimensional Structures Derived From Planar Panels”, and which was filed Apr. 16, 2013, the entirety of which is referred to and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0002]    The disclosure that follows relates to three dimensional structures derived from two dimensional planar components. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Various forms of three dimensional structures are known, from utilitarian objects such as plates, baskets, musical instruments, and bowls, to artistic objects such as sculptures, or mixed artistic and utilitarian structures such as architectural panels or decorative elements. It is known to create such three dimensional structures from a myriad of materials and techniques. Examples are shaping or sculpting wood or rock, or forming clay or ceramics, or cutting materials, such as wood, metals, plastics etc. Likewise machine based processes can be used, such as molding or cutting. 
         [0004]    Although the wide variety of known materials and techniques can produce a wide array of structures, improvements upon the materials or techniques may produce a greater variety of structures, or not yet known objects of beauty and function. Moreover, there is a need for materials and techniques that reduce consumption of nonrenewable resources, and still provide cosmetic and functional appeal. Accordingly, there is a need for structures and techniques for assembling structures providing three-dimensional structures of different design and cosmetic properties, and which optionally are fabricated of renewable or waste resources. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    The present disclosure, in its many embodiments, alleviates to a great extent the disadvantages of producing three-dimensional (three dimensional) objects from generally planar materials by modifying the planar materials through the use of one or more slots or cuts, aligning of the slotted or cut planar element in desired three dimensional positions and stabilizing or fixing the three dimensional position, such as using adhesives and/or binding members. A retainer, such as a jig, may be used in positioning the cut piece or pieces into desired positions relative to one another. 
         [0006]    In one embodiment of the invention, a substantially planar board, also referred to as a 2-D or two dimensional board, is formed into one or more cut pieces by placing cuts defined in the planar board. The cut piece or pieces are formed into a desired structure with a first wall or inner wall and a second wall, or outer wall, and an adhesive (also called binder). The adhesive is applied substantially fixes all or a portion of the cut pieces in relation to one another, setting the desired structure. 
         [0007]    Any material may be used for the planar board, such as cardboard, wood or metal. In one embodiment, the planar board is made from engineered molded fiberboard panels or other material that provides a desired level of rigidity, density and pliability. It is desired that the material and thickness be selected to provide sufficient rigidity and structural integrity to be cut or machined as desired, and also to provide surfaces that can receive and be bound with the adhesive selected. Likewise, it is generally desired that the material be sufficiently rigid and dense so as to maintain each strip&#39;s integrity during the slight bending required to create the three-dimensional forms. 
         [0008]    Any suitable adhesive or binder can be used that provides a sufficient level of adhesion to fix the cut piece or pieces in relation to one another. In one embodiment a resin based adhesive is used. In other embodiments, pigmentation is mixed in with the adhesive to impart a desired color to the structure. The outer walls of the final structure can be secured by the addition of rib bridges or planar bridges that may provide structural effects, such as stabilization, and also any desired cosmetic effect. 
         [0009]    In a single cut embodiment, a planar board is provided and a single continuous cut is made, such as resulting in a continuous slot. The continuous slot may optionally be a spiral, such as extending from the outer edge to a location in the interior of the planar board. In an alternate embodiment, two or more continuous cuts are made, but the piece retained as a single piece. This single cut piece may be placed on a jig, and fixed by the application of adhesive, forming a spiral containing three dimensional structure. Optional bridges also may be adhered to the outer or inner surfaces of the structure. 
         [0010]    In another embodiment of the invention, two substantially planar boards are cut, either with continuous or discreet cuts, in a desired pattern. Then the cut pieces are positioned as desired on a retaining structure or jig and fixed into position by the application of an adhesive. 
         [0011]    The structures may have any desired shape or size as can be produced by the cutting and positioning of the cut planar boards in accordance with the invention. Likewise, the planar boards optionally can be fabricated of compressed cellulosic materials and/or waste materials, providing economic and environmental advantages. 
         [0012]    Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more evident hereinafter in the specification and drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]    The foregoing and other objects of the disclosure will be apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0014]      FIG. 1  is a plan view of a planar board in accordance with the invention; 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a plan view of a cut planar board in accordance with the invention; 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  is a plan view of a cut planar board in accordance with the invention; 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  is an elevation view of a form retainer in accordance with the invention; 
           [0018]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of a form retainer and cut pieces in accordance with the invention; 
           [0019]      FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of a form retainer and cut pieces in accordance with the invention; 
           [0020]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of a form retainer and cut pieces in accordance with the invention; 
           [0021]      FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of a structure in accordance with the invention; 
           [0022]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a form retainer in accordance with the invention; 
           [0023]      FIG. 10  is a plan view of a cut board in accordance with the invention; 
           [0024]      FIG. 11A  is an elevation view of a structure in accordance with the invention; 
           [0025]      FIG. 11B  is a plan view of the structure illustrated in  FIG. 11A   
           [0026]      FIG. 12  is a cross-sectional detail view of a portion of the structure illustrated in  FIGS. 11A and 11B ; 
           [0027]      FIG. 13A  is a cross-sectional detail view of a structure in accordance with the invention; 
           [0028]      FIG. 13B  is a bottom plan view of the structure illustrated in  FIG. 13A ; 
           [0029]      FIG. 14A  is a cross-sectional detail view of a structure in accordance with the invention; 
           [0030]      FIG. 14B  is a bottom plan view of the structure illustrated in  FIG. 14A ; 
           [0031]      FIG. 15  is a plan view of cut boards in accordance with the invention; 
           [0032]      FIG. 16  is a cross-sectional view of a structure in accordance with the invention; 
           [0033]      FIG. 17  is a cross-sectional detail view of a portion of the structure illustrated in  FIG. 16 ; 
           [0034]      FIG. 18A  is a cross-sectional detail view of a structure in accordance with the invention; 
           [0035]      FIG. 18B  is a bottom plan view of the structure illustrated in  FIG. 18A ; 
           [0036]      FIG. 19A  is a cross-sectional detail view of a structure in accordance with the invention; 
           [0037]      FIG. 19B  is a bottom plan view of the structure illustrated in  FIG. 19A ; 
           [0038]      FIG. 20  is an exploded view of a structure in accordance with the invention; 
           [0039]      FIG. 21  is a side elevation of a structure in accordance with the invention; 
           [0040]      FIG. 22  is a plan view of a cut board with a single continuous spiral cut in accordance with the invention; 
           [0041]      FIG. 23  is an elevated view of a structure in accordance with the invention derived from a planar board having a continuous cut; 
           [0042]      FIG. 24  is a cross-sectional detail view of a portion of the structure illustrated in  FIG. 23 ; 
           [0043]      FIG. 25  is a cross-sectional detail view of a structure in accordance with the invention derived from a planar board having a continuous cut, with an inside bridge; 
           [0044]      FIG. 26  is a cross-sectional detail view of a structure in accordance with the invention derived from a planar board having a continuous cut, with an outside bridge; 
           [0045]      FIG. 27  is an exploded view of a structure in accordance with the invention; 
           [0046]      FIG. 28  is a side elevation of a structure in accordance with the invention; 
           [0047]      FIG. 29A  illustrates a cut board pattern in accordance with the invention; 
           [0048]      FIG. 29B  illustrates a cut board pattern in accordance with the invention; 
           [0049]      FIG. 29C  illustrates a cut board pattern in accordance with the invention; 
           [0050]      FIG. 29D  illustrates a cut board pattern in accordance with the invention; 
           [0051]      FIG. 29E  illustrates a cut board pattern in accordance with the invention; 
           [0052]      FIG. 29F  illustrates a cut board pattern in accordance with the invention; 
           [0053]      FIG. 29G  illustrates a cut board pattern in accordance with the invention; and 
           [0054]      FIG. 29H  illustrates a cut board pattern in accordance with the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0055]    In the following paragraphs, embodiments will be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not drawn to scale, and the illustrated components are not necessarily drawn proportionately to one another. Throughout this description, the embodiments and examples shown should be considered as exemplars, rather than as limitations of the present disclosure. As used herein, the “present disclosure” or “present invention” refer to any one of the embodiments described herein, and any equivalents. Furthermore, reference to various aspects of the invention throughout this document does not mean that all claimed embodiments or methods must include the referenced aspects or features. 
         [0056]    A generally planar board  10  is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The generally planar board  10  is the basic building element from which the three dimensional structures of this disclosure are derived. The board  10  may be formed of any material and thickness that will impart the physical properties and structural integrity desired of the final three-dimensional structure created. For example, thicker boards  10  may yield (but not always depending on application of adhesives, cut width etc.), more rigid structures. Examples of some materials for the board  10  include cardboard, paperboard wood, cellulosic composites, compressed cellulose material blends, brass, stainless steel, or other metals, polymeric materials or other cellulosic based products, or combinations of these materials. The material and thickness of the board  10  should be selected so as to be susceptible to cutting as desired. It is desired that the material and thickness be selected to provide sufficient rigidity and structural integrity to be cut or machined as desired, and also to provide surfaces that can receive and be bound with the adhesive selected. Some examples of suitable molded and/or compressed cellulose based materials are discussed in commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12,412,554, entitled, “Engineered Molded Fiberboard Panels and Methods of Making and Using the Same: and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12,412,780, entitled, “Engineered Molded Fiberboard Panels, Methods of Making the Panels, and Product Fabricated From the Panels,” both of which are referred to and incorporated herein in their entireties (collectively referred to as the Incorporated Applications). 
         [0057]    Examples of some criteria to use in the selection of material and thickness of the planar board  10  are to provide sufficient rigidity, density and consistency to be machinable to allow for precise slot cuts, and to maintain the structural integrity of each cut piece under the stresses that may be imposed by bending or other forces applied in positioning the cut pieces to achieve a desired final shape or orientation. Other desired traits of the materials selected for the boards  10  are that they provide desired traits of being sufficiently ductile, plastic and/or pliable so that the material can be positioned to achieve a desired final shape or orientation. 
         [0058]    Any shape or size may be selected for the generally planar board  10 . The selection of size or shape of the board depends upon the desired structure of the final product. For example, the shape of the generally planar board  10  may be round, oval, elliptical, triangular, square, hexagonal or of a complex shape. Also, any desired thickness may be used for the generally planar board  10 . Determination of the thickness depends upon the structural characteristics desired, but the thickness should provide sufficient structural integrity and pliability. 
         [0059]    As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , cuts  20  are made into the generally planar board  10 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 2 , a continuous spiral cut  20  is applied to the planar board providing a single spiral cut piece  30 . The spiral cut piece  30  shown in  FIG. 2  is formed by making a continuous cut of decreasing radii from an outer edge  35  towards the center of the generally planar board  10 . Any desired pattern may be cut into the planar board  10  to achieve the desired size and shape of the final product. 
         [0060]      FIG. 3  illustrates another example of another pattern of cuts  20  in the planar board  10 . In this embodiment, multiple cuts  20  are provided. In the illustrated example, a concentric pattern of cuts  20  is shown, creating multiple cut pieces  30  in concentric rings or increasing diameters from the innermost cut piece  34  to the outermost  36 . Each of the cut pieces  30  includes an inner wall  37  and outer wall  38 , the inner wall  37  having a shorter perimeter than the outer wall  38 . In the illustrated embodiment only one of the respective inner walls  37  and outer walls  38  are labeled. 
         [0061]    It should be noted that although  FIG. 3  illustrates a single board  10  cut in concentric rings  30  by cuts  20 , multiple boards  10  also can be cut in the same pattern, and combined into a final desired structure, having varying diameters of rings  30 , some being of identical diameter and sharing other similar dimensions, and others of different dimensions. In one example, round tube can be formed as a final structure by stacking cut pieces  30  of the same dimensions on top of one another and then affixing. 
         [0062]    Different shapes of cut pieces  30  also can be created in different embodiments, similar to the varying shapes and sizes of the generally planar board. For example, the cut pieces may be round, oval, elliptical, triangular, square, hexagonal or an desired simple or complex shape. In one embodiment the shape of planar board is selected to be the same as the desired shape of the cut pieces. For example, a round board may be cut in a concentric ring pattern. Or in another example, a triangular board is cut into triangular pieces. An advantage of selecting the board shape to correspond to the desired shape of the cut pieces is to reduce material waste. 
         [0063]    The machine or technique for making cuts  20  may be determined by the material properties of the board and the pattern of the cuts desired. For example, for easily cut materials, or relatively simple shaped cuts, suitable instruments might include hand operated knives or blades. For materials that are more difficult to cut, such as harder materials, or for relatively more complex cuts  20 , machines such as machine saws, band saws, jig saws, water jet cutters, CNC routers or laser cutters may be utilized, although such automated or machine cutters may also apply simple cuts or be used for more easily cut materials as well. 
         [0064]      FIGS. 4-7  illustrate a sample form retainer embodiment in which form retainer  40  is used to in positioning cut pieces  30  in assembly of a desired three-dimensional structure.  FIGS. 4 and 9  illustrate examples of suitable form retainers  40  without pieces  30  positioned on them. The form retainer  40  may of any desired profile that positions the pieces  30  in desired positions. Retaining surfaces  50  may be incorporated into form retainer  40 . In the illustrated embodiments, the retaining surfaces  50  are steps, although it should be appreciated that any desired retaining surface may be used that provides sufficient support for positioning the cut piece(s)  30  as desired. Likewise the retaining surfaces  50  may be of heights or lengths depending on the desired characteristics of the three-dimensional structure. For example, the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 5-7  illustrates the steps  50  on the left and right sides of the illustrated cross-section of the form retainer being at relatively similar elevations. As another example, the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 4  shows the steps  50  staggered, with the height of the steps on the right side offset from those on the left. Such a form retainer might be particularly suitable for a single-cut or spiral cut embodiment of the invention discussed herein. 
         [0065]    In this description, the term “steps” is used interchangeably with “retaining surfaces” and it should be understood that the use of either term is to describe a structure or means of positioning the cut pieces  30 . In the steps  50  embodiment, the steps  50  have individual horizontal and vertical surfaces  51 ,  52 , forming the steps. Other examples of retaining surfaces  50  are ledges and angled or sloped surfaces. 
         [0066]    A form retainer with positioned cut pieces  30  is illustrated in  FIGS. 5-7 . In the illustration shown in  FIG. 5 , concentric ring cut pieces  30 A- 30 C are illustrated. In  FIGS. 6 and 7  overlapping ring pieces  30  are illustrated. The cut pieces  30  are placed on the steps  50 , with the largest diameter cut piece  30 A positioned on the largest diameter step  50 A. Other rings are provided as well as illustrated with reference symbols  30 B and  30 C. In the example shown, the second largest diameter cut piece  30 B is positioned on the second largest diameter step  50 B and so on for piece  30 C and step  50 C. This stacking is continued until the cut pieces are positioned as desired. In the illustrated embodiment, the final piece  30 D, which may be of any desired shape, such as a circle or ring or any other shape, is positioned on a top step  50 D. A similarly shaped step retainer  40  might be used for other examples, such as a continuously cut spiral piece  30  or any other. 
         [0067]    In the example illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the cut pieces  30  are positioned on steps  50  of the form retainer  40 . A binder or adhesive  60  is illustrated as being positioned in the spaces between the pieces  30  and also between the pieces  30  and the form retainer  40 . Any material  60  can be selected as long as it has sufficient strength to retain the structural integrity of the desired three-dimensional structure. For example, the material  60  can be an adhesive binder, resin material or coating, and the term “adhesive” or “binder” as used herein is used to mean any material desired that may retain pieces  30  in a generally desired position in a formed structure. The adhesive  60  itself may provide desirable features wanted in the final product such as a particular coloring, water resistance or thermal conductivity. Examples of methods of application of resin or adhesive  60  include brushing or spraying. Other criteria for selecting an adhesive  60  can increase the tensile strength, provide UV resistance and fluid resistance for the cut pieces  30 . 
         [0068]    Spaces  65  may be provided between the cut pieces  30  to allow for penetration of the adhesive  60  into the space but narrow enough to allow for adequate bridging between the crevasse face by the adhesive  60 . It is noted that although the illustrations show different width of spaces  65 , it should be appreciated that any desired width may be selected, and in addition, in some embodiments, there is no space or gap between the form retainer  40  and one or more of the pieces  30 , or between respective pieces  30 . As the adhesive  60  sets, the cut pieces  30  are set in generally firm fixed positions with respect to one another, thereby setting the shape of the final three-dimensional structure. Once the adhesive  60  sets sufficiently, the final product can be removed from the form retainer  40 . 
         [0069]    In addition to adhesive  60 , there are options to fix cut pieces  30  in their desired orientations. For example, mechanical binders, such as bridges, rivets, screws or bolts can be used. These and other examples may provide both aesthetic value as well as structural integrity. Illustrated in  FIG. 7 , two bridges  70  are positioned adjacent to the outer walls  38  of some of the cut pieces  30 . The bridges  70  may be any size or shape, depending upon the function it is providing. For example, the bridges  70  may perform both structural and cosmetic purposes. In addition, the bridge may come in any desired shapes, such as strips, leaves, letters, ribs or any other desired shape or thickness. In one example, using letters for the bridges  70 , one can personalize the three-dimensional structure such as by forming the letters into a name, initials, message, slogan, or brand. 
         [0070]      FIG. 8  illustrates an example of a final product or three-dimensional structure  210  in accordance with the invention. It should be noted that the terms “three-dimensional structure” or “structure” or “final product” or “product” are used in this description for the structure in which one or more of the cut pieces  30  are retained in a desired relation with respect to one another, such as for example, after adhesive  60  and/or bridges are applied and the structure is removable from the form retainer  40 . The structure illustrated in  FIG. 8  corresponds to the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 5  as well, in which concentric pieces  30 A,  30 B and  30 C are provided. A dried adhesive layer  60  also is illustrated. The dried adhesive layer may cover all or some of the interstitial spaces between the pieces  30  (i.e.,  30 A through  30 D) or alternatively, may coat the entirety of the both sides or one side of the structure  210 . 
         [0071]    The structure  210  may serve any desired purpose, whether cosmetic or functional or both. Some examples of final products  210  are bowls, plates, baskets, planters, planting pots, trays, vases, speakers, speaker cabinets, architectural elements or panels, acoustic panels, lamps and lighting fixtures, picture frames, sculptural works, musical instruments such as violins, guitars, cellos, ukuleles, or drums, shaped or curved beams and so on. 
         [0072]    Further examples of the invention are shown in  FIGS. 10 through 29 .  FIGS. 10-14 , illustrate a single planar board  10  embodiment of the invention.  FIG. 10  illustrates a cut circular board with concentric rings.  FIGS. 11A and 11B  illustrate a final structure  210 .  FIG. 12  illustrates a detail view of a right side of the structure  210  of  FIG. 11 , showing the aligned cut sections  30 , with adhesive layer  60  on both an inside and outside of the structure  210 , and between the pieces  30 . 
         [0073]      FIGS. 13A and 13B  illustrate an example of rib bridges  80  positioned to align and set the pieces  30 . It should be understood that rib bridges are a type of bridge  70 , and are separately discussed here to refer to bridges that may have some horizontal depth, or be non-planar. However, it should be understood that the term “bridge” herein applies to all different types of bridges, including rib bridges  80 . In this example a rib bridge  80 , or multiple rib bridges  80 , are positioned adjacent the outer surfaces  38  of the cut pieces  30 . In this illustration, rib bridge  80  spans the entire length of a side of the structure  210 . The rib bridges  80  may be any shape or width, depending upon the function desired. Similar to the bridges  70 , rib bridges  80  may serve both functional purposes or cosmetic purposes or both. Adhesive  60  is typically used to attach rib bridges  80  to the cut pieces  30 . It should be understood that in fabrication, in one embodiment, it is possible to use the rib bridges  80  to align the cut piece  30  or pieces  30 , rendering a retainer structure  40  or jig unnecessary. In this embodiment, the rib bridges  80  have steps positioned as desired to orient the piece(s)  30  as desired. 
         [0074]    Determining which embodiment to employ can depend on the characteristics desired. In  FIG. 12 , the cut pieces  30  are secured and set into a final product  210  by an adhesive  60  only connection. In  FIG. 13 , the cut pieces  30  are secured and set into a final product  210  by a combination of a rib bridge connection  80  and adhesive  60 . 
         [0075]    In  FIGS. 14A and 14B , the cut pieces  30  bridges  70 , and adhesive  60  are secured and set into a final product  210 . In  FIG. 14B  an aesthetic and functional arrangement of bridges on the outer surface of structure  210  is illustrated. It should be understood that in this and in other figures illustrating bridges  70  (or rib bridges  80 ), that the bridges may be positioned in any desired location or pattern to achieve a desired structural or aesthetic purpose. 
         [0076]      FIGS. 15-21  illustrate an example of a three-dimensional structure derived from plural boards  10 . Two boards  10  are illustrated in  FIG. 15 . The boards illustrated have cuts  20 , forming sections  30 . The sections may align or alternatively not align, and in the illustrated embodiment, the sections do not align, i.e., although concentric ring cuts  20  are illustrated in both, the radii of the rings  20  in each respective board  10  are not the same. In this way, assembled together, the ring pieces  30  of each board  10  overlap when positioned to form a final product  210 .  FIG. 16  illustrates a cross sectional view of a three-dimensional structure  210  assembled with the overlapping cut pieces  30  illustrated in  FIG. 15 .  FIGS. 17-19B  provide detail views of the structure  210  of  FIG. 16 , but with different adhering examples used. Overlapping pieces  30  from the two cut boards  10 , show an illustrative overlap section  150 . As illustrated, the pieces from the two boards are labeled  30 Y and  30 Z, respectively.  FIG. 17  illustrates an example in which adhesive  60  only is used as a securing means.  FIGS. 18A and 18B  illustrate rib  80  secured sections and  FIGS. 19A and 19B  illustrate plane bridge  70  secured sections and the use of adhesive  60 . Determining which embodiment to employ can depend on the characteristics desired. 
         [0077]    Another example is illustrated in  FIG. 20 , which is an exploded view of final product  210  made from multiple boards  10 .  FIG. 21  shows a final product  210  made from multiple boards  10  in an assembled state. 
         [0078]    Another example is illustrated in  FIGS. 22 to 28 . In this example, a single-cut board  10  is used. As already described herein, board  10  optionally is provided with continuous cut  20  that spirals from an outer edge into the interior. The resulting continuous cut piece  30  is a spiral and can be elevated to form a spring-like shape as illustrated in  FIG. 27 . Likewise a resulting final three-dimensional shape is shown in  FIG. 23 , and detailed views in  FIGS. 24-26 . The structure illustrated in  FIG. 23  includes the single cut piece  30  retained in an elevated position, such as via use of adhesive, bridges, ribs, etc. In the detail shown in  FIG. 24 , the structure  210  is secured and set by an adhesive  60  only. In  FIG. 25 , the structure  210  is set by a combination of adhesive  60  and a rib bridge  70  positioned on an inside surface of the structure, although it should be appreciated that any position of bridge  70 , or multiple bridges  70  may be selected.  FIG. 26  shows the conical spring final product  210  secured and set by both a plane bridge  70  and adhesive  60 . Determining which bridge to use and the location of the bridge, interior  37  or exterior  38 , can depend on the characteristics desired in the final product  210 . 
         [0079]      FIG. 28  provides another example of a structure  210 . 
         [0080]    There are numerous geometries and shapes that may be achieved in the present invention. Numerous examples of cut  20  geometries are illustrated in  FIGS. 29A through 29H . Examples of varying shapes are illustrated in these figures, although it should be understood that other shapes for final products may be selected. The almost limitless variety of cut  20  patterns can provide the product designer or architect with tools to create a wide variety of structures of both utility and beauty. 
         [0081]    The cut  20  patterns may be cut in boards  10  of any starting shape. For example, round or square boards may be provided. Alternatively, using forming technologies discussed herein, greater flexibility in starting board  10  shape may also be achieved, such as utilizing geometrically directed compressed fiber board technologies. 
         [0082]    Thus, it is seen that structural and ornamental three-dimensional structures derived from planar boards are provided. It should be understood that any of the foregoing configurations and specialized components or may be interchangeably used with any of the apparatus or systems of the preceding embodiments. Although illustrative embodiments are described hereinabove, it will be evident to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the disclosure. It is intended in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the disclosure.