Abstract:
The invention relates to bone nails for positioning fractured bone portions relative to one another. In particular, the present invention provides a bone portion securing device adapted to be received within a bone cavity, the device including at least one portion capable of being radially expanded under an applied force, the at least one expansion portion having at least one portion capable of being expanded under an applied force, the at least one expansion portion having at least one portion, at least one characteristic of which is selected to be different to a corresponding at least one characteristic of at least another part of the portion.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
         [0001]    This application is a continuation of International application PCT/GB02/00311 filed Jan. 25, 2002, the entire content of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference thereto.  
         BACKGROUND  
         [0002]    The present invention relates to bone nails for positioning fractured bone portions relative to one another, and in particular, though not exclusively, to bone nails including expandable sections to laterally engage a cavity of each bone portion.  
           [0003]    It is known that fractured bone portions can be united by the insertion of one or more bone nails (often known as intramedullary bone portion securing devices) which remain in place until the fracture is healed, and then are preferably removed though they may alternatively be renewed replaced or remain in-situ if required. Current bone nails typically have diameter selected to provide sufficient strength to the nail while remaining narrow enough to seek to limit the size of the aperture through which the bone nail is inserted; in other words the amount of bone or diameter of marrow canal which has to be removed to insert the nail. Once in position one or more sections of the nail expand to increase the diameter of the nail over each relevant section. The expanded section(s) laterally engage the wall of the bone cavity (marrow canal) to fix the nail in position. Before the nail is removed the expanded section(s) are retracted to their original diameter to aid extraction.  
           [0004]    Intramedullary devices as referred to above may conveniently be used in the setting of bone fractures, being particularly useful in the case of long bones for example, a femur, humerus, radius or ulna. Such sites entail difficulties where the bone is required to be held in place, since these bones are usually surrounded by a considerable thickness of muscle, which spaces a rigid support of plaster of Paris from the bone by a distance which is too great to ensure that the bone is accurately aligned and firmly held. Moreover, when the arm or leg is in use, there may be rotary movement of the limb which could result in relative rotary movement between sleeve portions of the device.  
           [0005]    Further, it is not uncommon for there to be more than one site of fracture in a bone, and particularly a long bone. Moreover, the fracture may involve splintering or fragmentation of the bone such that the overall length may be difficult to maintain whilst the bone is healing, resulting in a shortened limb.  
           [0006]    An example of a bone nail is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,453,539 to Raftopoulos et al entitled “An expandable intramedullary nail for the fixation of bone fractures”. At one end of a sleeve are arranged a plurality of circumferentially spaced rectangular (or circular) openings. On rotating a screw thread along the bore of the sleeve, rectangular (or spherical) elements protrude through the sleeve to engage the bone cavity. In order to deploy the elements, an arrangement of spring clips, camming members and a pin is required. The number of parts which must be assembled to make this bone nail results in a device which is complex to construct, and hence may suffer from mechanical failure where segments fail to deploy or worse, cannot be retracted for extraction of the bone nail.  
           [0007]    An improved bone nail is that disclosed in UK Patent No 2,268,068 to the present Applicant entitled “Devices having expansion means for securing end portions of tubular members” the content of which is included herein by reference. The disclosed device is suitable for use with a fracture of long bones, such as the humerus, femur, radius or ulna, and comprises a rod adapted to be received within an elongate cavity of the bone. The nail is provided with at least two expansion sections mounted in tandem to grid wall portions of the cavity at two locations, one on each side of the fracture site. The sections each provide a plurality of substantially rectangular slits formed in a sleeve surrounding the rod. An end surface of the sleeve abuts a flange on the rod. Tightening a nut on the rod therefore causes the slits to distort, i.e. supposedly expand outwardly. Additionally the sleeve is in the form of a number of sleeve portions which are secured together by lugs and receiving slots in each portion so as to avoid relative rotational movement between the sleeve portions and between these and the rod.  
           [0008]    This device has an advantage that it has a simple construction. However it also has a number of disadvantages. For example, the distortion of the slits is not controlled so the expanding portions may collapse inwards rather than expanding outwards on tightening. Further, on release the sleeve portions can become disengaged from one another as the compression force is removed causing retraction and removal to fail.  
           [0009]    The present invention now obviates one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0010]    According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bone portion securing device adapted to be received within a bone cavity, the device including at least one portion capable of being radially expanded under an applied force, the at least one expansion portion having at least one portion, at least one characteristic of which is selected to be different to a corresponding at least one characteristic of at least one other part of the portion.  
           [0011]    Such selection is beneficial in ensuring that the expansion portion is properly deployed, in use.  
           [0012]    The at least one characteristic may comprise the thickness and/or width of the at least one part and the at least one other part.  
           [0013]    The expansion portion may comprise at least one elongate portion having a pair of elongate slots on either side thereof.  
           [0014]    The at least one portion may comprise a first end of the at least one elongate portion, and preferably also comprise a second end of at least one elongate portion. In such instance, the at least one other part may comprise a mid portion of the elongate portion, preferably forming a remainder of the elongate portion.  
           [0015]    The first end and/or second end of the elongate portion may be thinner than and/or narrower than an adjacent portion of the at least one elongate portion.  
           [0016]    The at least one portion may comprise or further comprise a first end of at least one slot, and preferably also comprise a second end of at least one slot. In such instance, the at least one other part may comprise a mid portion of the slot forming a remainder of the slot.  
           [0017]    The first end and/or the second end of at least one slot may be broader than an adjacent portion of the at least one slot.  
           [0018]    According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a bone securing device adapted to be received within a bone cavity, the device including at least one portion capable of being radially expanded under an applied force, wherein the at least one expansion portion is shaped to elastically bow outwards when a compressive force is applied axially to the expansion member.  
           [0019]    According to a third apect of the present invention, there is provided a bone securing device adapted to be received within a bone cavity, the device including at least one portion capable of being radially expanded under an applied force, wherein the at least one expansion portion comprises at least one longitudinal portion fixed at either end to means which engage a compression coupling, wherein the profile of the at least one longitudinal portion is narrowed at one or both ends of the at least one longitudinal portion.  
           [0020]    Preferably, there are provided a plurality of longitudinal portions substantially equidistant spaced around a circumference of the expansion module.  
           [0021]    Preferably, there are provided a plurality of expansion portions.  
           [0022]    Preferably, the longitudinal portion has a stepped or curved profile.  
           [0023]    Additionally, the outer surface of the longitudinal portion may be serrated to provide grip with the inner surface of a bone.  
           [0024]    According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a bone portion securing device adapted to be received within a bone cavity, the device including at least one portion capable of being radially expanded under an applied force, wherein the at least one expansion portion includes at least one slot, the slot having at least one portion having a width greater than a width of a remainder of the at least one slot.  
           [0025]    Preferably the at least one portion and the remainder of the slot are longitudinally displaced.  
           [0026]    Preferably there are provided a plurality of expansion portions.  
           [0027]    Preferably the/each expansion portion includes a plurality of elongate slots.  
           [0028]    Preferably the at least one wider portion is provided at or near an end of the/each slot.  
           [0029]    Advantageously the/each slot includes a first and second wider portions at first and second ends of the slot.  
           [0030]    Preferably the remainder of the slot is substantially of a uniform width.  
           [0031]    Preferably the remainder of the slot includes a first and second substantially parallel edges.  
           [0032]    Preferably the wider portion(s) is/are at least part circular in an elongate plane of the slot.  
           [0033]    According to one embodiment of the present invention the device comprises;  
           [0034]    at least two expansion modules, said expansion module(s) being of substantially cylindrical unitary construction including a plurality of substantially longitudinal portions which, in use, are substantially lateral to a bone wall and which bow elastically outward when a compressive force is applied axially to the expansion module;  
           [0035]    at least one compression coupling, said compression coupling including compressive attachment means to engage the expansion module(s) in a fixed position with respect to the compression coupling and being capable of transferring a compressive force; and  
           [0036]    at least one compression means, said compression means being arranged to transfer a force, such as a rotational force, applied to at least one portion of a surface of the compression means to a compressive force applied to the at least one compression coupling.  
           [0037]    Preferably the plurality of longitudinal portions are substantially equidistantly spaced around a circumference of the expansion module(s).  
           [0038]    Preferably adjacent longitudinal portions are separated from each other by an elongate slot (expansion apertures).  
           [0039]    Additionally the/each elongate slot may have chamfered edges.  
           [0040]    In longitudinal cross-section the/each slot may have one end substantially broader than the oppositely opposed end. Alternatively one or both ends may be rounded.  
           [0041]    More preferably the cross-section of the/each lead slot is dumb-bell shaped having circular end portions and a rectangular mid section. In a preferred embodiment the end portions have a diameter which is substantially twice the width of the rectangular mid section.  
           [0042]    The dumb-bell shape of the expansion aperture seeks to ensure that when a compressive force is applied to one or both ends of the slot in the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal portion(s) will bow outwards from the expansion module.  
           [0043]    The longitudinal portions may also be shaped to encourage them to bow elastically outward when the compressive force is applied. The shape may provide at least one narrowed mid section. The mid section may comprise a substantially central section radially thinner than the end sections of the respective longitudinal portion. Alternatively, the longitudinal portions may be loaded by having a stepped or curved surface profile.  
           [0044]    Preferably the compressive attachment means of the compression coupling is in the form of a ratchet. More preferably the ratchet is self locking. The compressive attachment means may engage barbs on an external surface of the expansion module(s). Preferably also the attachment means includes at least two anti-rotation grooves. The anti-rotation grooves engage a portion of an expansion module such that the expansion module cannot rotate with respect to the compression coupling. Additionally, anti-rotation grooves may be included in the expansion module.  
           [0045]    In a preferred embodiment the combination of a self locking ratchet together with anti-rotation grooves ensures that the components of the device remain attached to each other when the nail is extracted.  
           [0046]    Preferably the device also comprises a central connector or rod. The central connector may be a tie bar.  
           [0047]    The expansion modules and the compression couplings may be mounted alternately onto the central connector to make up the required length of the device. Compression couplings of varying lengths can be used to allow for a desired separation between expansion modules.  
           [0048]    The central connector may comprise a screw-threaded surface for engaging the components of the device. Alternatively the central connector may include one or more surfaces to engage at least a portion of a component mounted thereon.  
           [0049]    Preferably the device also comprises a nose cone, positioned at a the front of the central connector or at a first expansion module, the compression means preferably being attached at a rear of the central connector or at a final compression coupling.  
           [0050]    Preferably the nose cone has a rounded front face to provide for ease of insertion of the device into a bone cavity.  
           [0051]    The nose cone may be attached to the central connector.  
           [0052]    Alternatively the nose cone may be formed integrally with the central connector. Further the nose cone may include a sleeve.  
           [0053]    Preferably also the nose cone may include rigid attachment means to engage a first expansion module in a fixed position with respect to the nose cone and consequently the central connector. Preferably the rigid attachment means is in the form of a ratchet. More preferably the ratchet is self locking. The rigid attachment may engage barbs on the external surface of the first expansion module.  
           [0054]    The compressive attachment means and the rigid attachment means differ in that the compressive attachment means provides attachment between an expansion module and a compression coupling which, together transmit a compressive force. In contrast the rigid attachment means provides attachment between a nose cone and the first expansion module which, when a compressive force is applied to the first expansion module via the compressive means intermediary expansion module(s) and compression coupling(s), the first expansion module bears against a surface of the nose cone or a surface of the sleeve which applies the required compressive force for the longitudinal position(s) of the expansion module(s) to bow elastically outward.  
           [0055]    Preferably the expansion module is made of a stiffly resilient plastics material. In a preferred embodiment the expansion module is made at least partly of, and preferably substantially of, titanium or optionally of a titanium alloy. Alternatively, the expansion module is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The compression coupling and the compression means may be made of a metal or metal alloy. In a preferred embodiment the compression coupling and the compression means are made of titanium alloy e.g. TiAl 6 V 4 .  
           [0056]    According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an expansion module for use as a portion of a bone portion securing device adapted to be received within a bone cavity, the module including at least one portion capable of being radially expanded under an applied force, the at least one expansion portion having at least one portion, at least one characteristic of which is selected to be different to a corresponding at least one characteristic of at least one other portion of the portion.  
           [0057]    According to a yet further aspect of the present invention there is provided an expansion module for use as a portion of a bone portion securing device adapted to be received within a bone cavity, the module being capable of being radially expanded under an applied force, wherein the at least one expansion portion includes at least one slot the slot having at least one portion having a width greater than a width of a remainder of the at least one slot.  
           [0058]    According to one preferred embodiment of the present Invention the expansion module is of substantially cylindrical unitary construction and includes a Plurality of substantially longitudinal portions which, in use, are substantially lateral to the bone wall which bow elastically outward when a compressive force is applied.  
           [0059]    Preferably the expansion module includes coupling means for coupling the expansion module to other components of a bone portion securing device. Preferably the coupling means comprise barbs positioned on a surface of the expansion module such chat the barbs engage in a ratchet fashion when forced against a surface of another component. The coupling means may be self locking.  
           [0060]    More preferably the coupling means includes a portion of the expansion module which engages a portion of another component such that the expansion module and the component are held in a fixed relationship and cannot rotate with respect to each other. The portion of the expansion device may be one or more anti-rotation grooves where the component may comprise engaging lugs to the grooves or complimentary anti-rotation grooves.  
           [0061]    Preferably the expansion module is made from a stiffly resilient plastics material such that it can elastically bow under a compressive force and return to its original shape when the compressive force is removed. In an embodiment the expansion module is made of titanium. In a further embodiment the expansion module is made from a polymer of low calcium stearate superpressed UHMWPE, with a tensile stress of 700N/mm 2  and a creep (over 1000 hours) of 230/250 Nmm 2 .  
           [0062]    According to a yet further aspect of the present invention there is provided a bone portion securing device comprising a plurality of parts adjacent ends of adjacent parts including one-way interengaging locking means adapted to allow engagement of the adjacent ends but to prevent disengagement thereof.  
           [0063]    Preferably, the locking means comprise ratchet means formed on the adjacent ends.  
           [0064]    Preferably the locking means engage one another by relative movement of the adjacent ends together.  
           [0065]    Preferably the ratchet means comprise first and second toothed or barbed surfaces formed on an inner facing surface(s) of a first part and an outer facing surface(s) of a second part.  
           [0066]    Advantageously the surfaces each provide a plurality of teeth or barbs.  
           [0067]    Advantageously the surfaces are substantially planar and may be substantially parallel to a long axis of the part upon which it is formed.  
           [0068]    Preferably there are further provided means for preventing relative rotation of the adjacent parts when assembled together.  
           [0069]    The means to prevent relative rotation may comprise interengaging grooves and lugs carried on each of the adjacent parts. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0070]    An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0071]    FIGS.  1 ( a ), ( b ), and ( c ) show a side view, an end view and a side view to an enlarged scale of an expansion module for use in a bone portion securing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0072]    FIGS.  2 ( a ) to ( e ) show profiles of longitudinal portions of an expansion module according to embodiments of the present invention;  
         [0073]    FIGS.  3 ( a ) to ( e ) show a side, a further side view, a front view, an end view and a side view to an enlarged scale of a compression coupling for use in a bone portion securing device according to the present invention;  
         [0074]    FIGS.  4 ( a ) to ( c ) show a side view, a further side view and an end view of a compression nut for use in a bone portion securing device according to the present invention;  
         [0075]    FIGS.  5 ( a ) and ( b ) show a cross-sectional perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a nose cone for use in a bone portion securing device according to the present invention;  
         [0076]    FIGS.  6 ( a ) and ( b ) show a perspective view and a side view of a first end (front) portion of a bone portion securing device according to the present invention;  
         [0077]    FIGS.  7 ( a ) and ( b ) show a perspective view and a side view of a second end portion of a bone portion securing device according to the present invention;  
         [0078]    [0078]FIG. 8 shows a partial fragmentary perspective diagrammatic representation of a view of a bone portion securing device according to the present invention;  
         [0079]    [0079]FIG. 9 shows a schematic side view of a bone portion securing device according to the present invention, in use, within a bone cavity (drawn in cross-section for clarity);  
         [0080]    [0080]FIG. 10 shows (a) side views of an expansion module for use in a bone portion securing device according to a further embodiment of the present invention; and (b) a profile of a longitudinal portion of an expansion module according to the embodiments of the present invention;  
         [0081]    FIGS.  11 ( a ) and ( b ) are a series of views of a yet further embodiment of an expansion module; and  
         [0082]    FIGS.  12 ( a ) and ( b ) are schematic representations of a bone nail according to a further embodiment of the present invention employing the expansion module of FIG. 10. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0083]    Reference is first made to FIG. 1( a ) of the drawings which depicts an embodiment of the present invention comprising expansion module, generally indicated by reference numeral  10 . Expansion module  10  is fashioned from a single piece of tubular material, e.g. titanium. The material is selected so that it will bow under an applied compressive force without splitting, crushing or deforming. Arranged circumferentially around the expansion module  10  are six longitudinal portions  12  spaced equally apart. Between each longitudinal portion  12  is a slot in the form of an expansion aperture  14 . Each expansion aperture  14  has a generally dumb-bell shape provided by forming, e.g. drilling two circular apertures  16   a ,  16   b  and a connecting rectangular aperture  18 . The edges of the expansion apertures  14  are chamfered and the expansion apertures are drilled through the entire thickness of the wall of the expansion module  10 . At each end  28   a ,  28   b  of the expansion module  10  as best illustrated in FIG. 1( c ), are provided locking means comprising a set of external locking barbs  20 . The barbs  20  are formed by removing an angular section of material circumferentially from the surface of the expansion module  10 . Alternatively the barbs  20  could be cast or moulded with or onto the module  10 . The barbs  20  are of uniform heights. In addition two small sections of each barb  20  are removed in the longitudinal direction of the expansion module  10 . These small sections are formed at directly opposite sides of the expansion module  10  to form anti-rotation grooves  22   a, b  as shown in FIG. 1( b ). The purpose of the apertures  16   a, b , barbs  20  and anti-rotation grooves  22   a , b will be described hereinafter.  
         [0084]    Each longitudinal portion  12  in FIG. 1 is shaped to match the dumb-bell shape of the expansion apertures  14 . FIGS.  2 ( a ) to ( e ) show alternative embodiments of longitudinal portion  12  which are loaded to ensure successful outward bowing of the longitudinal portions  12  when a force is applied. FIG. 2( a ) shows in radial profile a longitudinal portion  12   a  for an expansion module. A narrow central section  110  is weaker than wider end sections  112   a ,  112   b  so that when a compressive force is applied to ends  114   a ,  114   b  the longitudinal portion  12   a  will bow outwards in the direction of the arrow A causing the narrow section  110  to engage with bone.  
         [0085]    The arrangement shown in FIG. 2( b ) will provide an enhanced outward bowing effect of the longitudinal portion  12   b  as the central section  110  is now partly bowed when the expansion module is inserted into the bone.  
         [0086]    [0086]FIG. 2( c ) shows a longitudinal portion  12   c  again in radial profile along the longitudinal axis of the expansion module. An inner surface  116  is stepped to provide indented portions  116   a - d . This weakened inner surface will deform on compression of the ends  114   a,b  causing the longitudinal portion  12   c  to expand outwards in the direction of arrow A. In FIG. 2( d ) both surfaces have been stepped with indents  116   a, b, c  which are arranged to weaken the longitudinal portion  12   d  on compression causing expansion in the direction of arrow A.  
         [0087]    [0087]FIG. 2( e ) shows a further embodiment of a longitudinal portion  12   e  viewed from above the edges of the portion  12   e  are curved to provide two wide sections  118   a,b  and a narrow central section  110  as for FIGS.  2 ( a ) and ( b ) on compression of the ends  114   a,b . The central section  110  is pushed out of the page in the direction of A.  
         [0088]    Reference is now made to FIG. 3( a ) of the drawings which depicts a compression coupling, generally indicated by reference numeral  24 . A first end  26   a  provides a receiving ratchet of dimensions to engage an end  28   a ,  28   b  of an expansion module  10 , as shown in FIG. 3( e ) Inwardly opposed barbs  30  also include matching anti-rotation grooves  32   a ,  32   b  to the grooves  22   a ,  22   b  of the expansion module  10 . The anti-rotation grooves  32   a ,  32   b  are shown in FIG. 3( c ). At a second end  26   b , FIGS.  3 ( b ) and  3 ( d ) is a transverse slot  34 . The slot  34  provides for the engagement of the coupling  24  to a compression nut.  
         [0089]    In a further embodiment of the present invention the coupling  24  has substantially identical ends both as described for the first end  26   a  above.  
         [0090]    The coupling  24  may be constructed of TiAl 6 , bio-compatible non-corrosive alloy, which is strong enough to transmit a compressive force. The length of the coupling  24  is dependent on the separation required between expansion modules  10 .  
         [0091]    A coupling means comprising a nut  36  is illustrated in FIG. 4. The nut  36  is conveniently made of the same material as the compression coupling  24 . The nut  36  comprises a hex screw head  38  which can be turned by a s spanner or socket set, Internal to the nut  36  is a screw-threaded bore  40  which extends the length of the nut  36 . One end  42  of the nut  40  is configured to mate with the transverse slot  34  of the compression coupling  24  described above.  
         [0092]    A further component of an intermedullary bone nail is shown in FIG. 5 and is generally referred to as a nose cone  44 . A central tie bar  48  is a screw threaded rod running the length of the bone nail. An end section  46  of the bar  48  is threaded at a smaller size and fits into the nose cone body  50  which is bored and tapped. On assembling the nose cone  44 , the end section  46  is welded or otherwise fixed into the nose cone body  50  and a TIG welded chamber  52  is provided to give a rounded front face  54  to the nose cone  44 . A circumferential portion  58  of the nose cone  44  is formed to receive an end  28  of an expansion module by the same arrangement as described for the first end  26   a  of the compression coupling  24 . At a front end of the circumferential portion  58  are surfaces which represent the compression face  56  for the bone nail.  
         [0093]    The construction of an embodiment of an intermedullary  25  bone portion securing device  61  will now be described making reference to FIGS. 6, 7 and  8 .  
         [0094]    A first expansion module  10   a  is inserted over the tie bar  48  and the barbs  20  at a first end  28   a  of the expansion module  10   a  engage the circumferential portion  58  of the nose cone  44  in a self locking ratchet mechanism.  
         [0095]    In addition complimentary anti-rotation grooves  32   a ,  32   b  interlock to prevent rotational movement of the expansion module  10   a  with respect to the nose cone  44 . The barbs  20  of the second end  28   b  of the expansion module  10   a  mate with a compression coupling  24  which is mounted on the tie bar  48 . Mating is by the self locking ratchet mechanism  29  and anti-rotation grooves  32   a ,  32   b  described hereinbefore. A joint assembly of the front  60  of a bone portion securing device  61  is shown in FIG. 6.  
         [0096]    Depending on the separation required between the two sets of longitudinal portions on adjacent expansion modules  10 , one or more compression couplings  24  are mounted on the tie bar  48 . Alternatively a single compression coupling  24  of the desired length is used. Any number of expansion modules  10  may be mounted on the tie bar  48  and it is optional as to whether compression couplings  24  are inserted between each expansion module  10 .  
         [0097]    When the desired number of expansion modules  10  have been inserted onto the tie bar  48  an end joint assembly  62  is constructed as shown in FIG. 7. Once the final expansion module  10   b  is mounted on the tie bar  48  the bone nail  61  is completed with a final compression coupling  24   a  and the compression nut  36 . The end  42  of the compression nut  36  is slid into the transverse slot  34  of the compression coupling  24   a . When engaged together the coupling  24   a  is mounted on the tie bar  48  and the nut  36  is screwed onto the end of the tie bar  48  to hold all components of the bone nail  61  in place. The compressive coupling  24   a  is held to the final expansion module  10   b  by a self locking ratchet mechanism and anti-rotation grooves  32   a ,  32   b  as described before. An exploded view of a complete bone portion securing device  61  is illustrated in FIG. 8.  
         [0098]    Reference is now made to FIG. 9 of the drawings which illustrates an intermedullary bone portion securing device, generally indicated by reference numeral  10   a , in use within a fractured bone generally indicated by reference numeral  66 . The bone  66  has been drawn in cross-section to allow for clarity of view of the device  10   a . The device  10   a  is shown received in the narrow channel or cavity  68  of the bone  66 , which in the present example is a mammalian humerus. The bone  66  is shown with a fracture at  70  which requires bone portions  72  and  74  to be re-united.  
         [0099]    The surgeon or veterinary practitioner will have pre-drilled a bore  76  through the bone cavity  68  to receive the device  64 . This bone will be drilled at the elbow. With the compression nut  36  in an untightened position with all the components mounted on the tie bar  48 , the device  61  is pushed into the bone  76 . The front face  54  of the device  64  is rounded to reduce friction and aid insertion. The device  64  is positioned so that an expansion module  10   a ,  10   b  lies on either side of the fracture  70 . When the correct positioning is obtained the compression nut  36  is tightened using a spanner or socket wrench. On tightening the nut  36  the components are forced against each other towards the nose cone  44 . The front end  28   a  of the first expansion module  10   a  bears against the compression face  56  of the nose cone  44  and applies a compression force. This is shown and described with reference to FIG. 5. The force is transmitted through the components.  
         [0100]    When each expansion module  10   a ,  10   b  is subjected to the axial compressive force, the expansion apertures  14  begin to widen and the longitudinal portions  12  bow outwards elastically. As the force is increased the length of each expansion module  10   a, b  decreases and the effective diameter of each expansion module  10   a ,  10   b  increases. The longitudinal portions  12  bow until they contact the bone cavity wall  76 . The shape of the expansion apertures  14  ensure that the longitudinal portions  12  bow outwards from the tie bar  48  and central axis of the device  64 . Once expanded, the device  61  is held in position by the contact between the cavity wall  78  and the longitudinal portions  12 . The expansion modules  10   a ,  10   b  remain expanded as long as the compression nut  36  remains tightened.  
         [0101]    Once the fracture  70  has healed or if the device  61  requires to be removed, the compression nut  36  is loosened by reversing the above procedure. This releases the compressive force and the expansion modules  10   a ,  10   b  lengthen as the longitudinal portions  12  disengage from the cavity wall  78  and return to their original positions. The device  61  is then extracted from the healed bone by pulling the device  61  from the bone  76 . The incorporation of anti-rotation grooves and ratchet fittings between the components of the device  61  seeks to ensure that the components do not become detached from the device  61  during the extraction process.  
         [0102]    [0102]FIG. 10( a ) depicts a further embodiment of the present invention comprising expansion module  80 . Arranged circumferentially around the expansion module  10   c  are three longitudinal portions  82 . Between each longitudinal portion  82  is a slot in the form of an expansion aperture  84 . Locking means  86  are provided at each end of the expansion module.  
         [0103]    The longitudinal portions  82  are loaded to ensure successful outward bowing of the portions when a force is applied. FIG. 10( b ) illustrates in detail such a longitudinal portion in profile. An inner and outer surface are curved to provide a weakened inner surface which will deform outwards on compression of the ends. A serrated area  88  of the outer surface of the longitudinal portion  82  provides grip with the inner surface of the bone (not shown).  
         [0104]    FIGS.  11 ( a ) and ( b ) are a series of views of a yet further embodiment of an expansion module  90 . In this embodiment  90 , the character that is varied is the thickness. End portions  94  of the strip  92  are broader as compared to the mid portions  96  of said strip  92 .  
         [0105]    FIGS.  12 ( a ) and ( b ) are schematic representations of a bone nail  100  according to a further embodiment of the present invention employing the expansion module  80  of FIG. 10. The assembly of the bone nail  100  includes couplings  112  to couple together two expansion modules  80 . The assembly also includes nose cone  114   a  in FIG. 12( a ) and a modified nose cone  114   b  in FIG. 12( b ).  
         [0106]    A principal advantage of the present invention is that it provides a modular self locking IC humeral nail, In particular the bone portion securing device is designed to be fail safe in that, under compression, an expansion module of the device will always expand outwards to contact the cavity walls. In addition the device is designed so that it will not come apart when extracted from a bone.  
         [0107]    It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the embodiments described hereinbefore without departing from the scope of the invention.  
         [0108]    In particular, it will be appreciated that there may well be gaps between bone edges at any of the fractures but this is in no way detrimental to the operation of the securing device of the invention. Such gaps will in any case tend to fill in as the bone heals.  
         [0109]    It will also be appreciated that the use of a device according to the invention may be controlled to an appreciable degree by the manner in which the apertures of the expansion module is formed. The extent of the deformation brought about by the application of compressive force in a longitudinal direction can be controlled by selection from a number of variables, e.g. number of apertures in each annular group, thickness of expansion module wall, choice of material for the expansion module, width and/or length of apertures, width of position intervening between the apertures and so on. Moreover, the deformation characteristics of the expansion modules may be selected to vary between two or more area of the bone, so that selection expansion, sequentially arranged if desired, can be achieved.  
         [0110]    It will also be understood that the cross-section of the expansion modules, longitudinal portions and couplings, although described as above as being conveniently circular, may be oval, triangular or any convenient cross-section as desired.  
         [0111]    In addition, as briefly referred to above, there is the facility now provided for adjustment of the device during the insertion thereof if required.  
         [0112]    It is also possible to select the material of the expansion modules and couplings so that they are degradable in time and does not require to be removed once the bone has healed. The rod means may be withdrawn from the bone through the access point, e.g. the elbow, at which actuation of the expansion devices was brought about.