Abstract:
The disclosure relates to a method and to a device for fully automatically selecting and packing photovoltaic solar modules, for example, produced in mass production. The device may include the following characteristics: a production line, b) a quality checking device having devices for mechanical final testing and electrical final testing, c) an assembly device for module carriers, d) a device for distributing and stacking the solar modules in the horizontal and vertical direction according to particular selection criteria at acceptance locations corresponding to said selection criteria, e) devices for placing strips as spacers between stacked modules, wherein different types of strips can be taken from a magazine, f) devices for collating packages of a plurality of solar modules at each acceptance location, wherein aid devices each comprise a film wrapper, a protective cap applicator, and a strapping device.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 13/131,230, filed May 25, 2011, entitled “Method And Device For Fully Automatically Selecting And Packing Photovoltaic Modules,” which claims priority to international application number PCT/DE2009/001679 filed Nov. 26, 2009 (WO 2010/063263 A1), which also claims priority to German application number 10 2008 059 793.7 filed Dec. 1, 2008, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Summary 
       [0002]    The invention relates to the practice of fully automatically selecting and packing photovoltaic modules or solar modules which are produced in large batches. 
         [0003]    Modern glass facades are often not just a functional element of a structural body, but are increasingly also being used for solar electricity generation. Tailor-made solar modules allow accurately fitting integration in construction grids and profiles. Semitransparent solar cells, or else opaque solar cells with transparent areas, make photovoltaic glazing systems appear as if light is flooding through them. In this case, the solar cells frequently provide the desired effect of solar and glare protection. 
         [0004]    The production of such photovoltaic installations requires working conditions such as those which are normally used, in particular, for the production of semiconductors and integrated electronic circuits. These so-called clean room conditions also additionally make it necessary to handle large-area, impact-sensitive glass panes when producing photovoltaic installations. 
         [0005]    Considered from the outside, a photovoltaic module is the connection of a glass substrate plate, a photovoltaic element and a glass pane as covering glass by means of a film, which adhesively bonds these glass panes under the action of heat, or an adhesive. 
         [0006]    The production of photovoltaic installations is still relatively expensive. There is therefore an aim to produce photovoltaic modules in large batches, and thus to reduce the costs. 
         [0007]    When producing such photovoltaic modules in large quantities, products of different quality levels cannot be prevented from being produced. Classification according to particular quality criteria is carried out in this case within the range of particular technical properties such as the electrical voltage achieved with a particular illuminance. 
         [0008]    For example, classification into four different quality levels may make it necessary to select finished photovoltaic modules with the corresponding quality levels. 
         [0009]    If, when photovoltaic modules are being simultaneously produced on a plurality of production lines, products which can be assigned to different quality levels are also produced on each production line, the products belonging to the same quality level must therefore be detected anyway and this information must be centrally stored. 
         [0010]    DE 31 05 352 C2 discloses an arrangement for displaying the operating state of solar cells. These are solar cells which are connected together in modules, at least one display element being parallel to at least one module. The problem on which this arrangement is based is that of avoiding the need for any considerable wiring expenditure and being able to monitor the arrangement in a simple manner. In order to solve this problem, DE 31 05 352 C2 proposes that the display element is integrated in the module. 
         [0011]    An indication of the practice of selecting and packing photovoltaic installations cannot be gathered from this document. 
         [0012]    DE 93 12 710 U1 discloses a modular diagnostic system for detecting and locating faults in photovoltaic installations. Said document describes a diagnostic system for detecting and locating faults in photovoltaic installations consisting of at least two decentralized components which are assigned to the modules or groups of modules or parts of modules. Such a diagnostic unit has at least one central evaluation unit which determines and displays faults and failures in photovoltaic installations on the basis of the information transmitted by or received from the central components, the information being transmitted via the power lines. 
         [0013]    In the case of such a diagnostic system, the process of detecting and locating faults in photovoltaic installations is intended to be considerably simplified without the need for additional installation expenditure when wiring the installation. 
         [0014]    This problem is solved by the fact that the decentralized components consist of frequency-dependent impedances, which are connected to the external connections of the modules and the frequency response of which is characteristic of the respective module and its operating state, and the central evaluation unit measures the impedance of the power lines over the frequency range of interest in order to obtain information relating to the state of the installation in this manner. 
         [0015]    Another solution according to DE 93 12 710 U1 is that the decentralized components consist of active circuits which impress an AC voltage or an alternating current on the connections of the module or superimpose said voltage or current on the DC voltage or direct current of the module, the frequency and frequency spectrum of the alternating variable being characteristic of the respective module and its operating state and the central evaluation unit measuring the frequency spectrum of the voltage and/or current on the power lines and determining the operating state of the installation in this manner. 
         [0016]    An indication of the practice of selecting and packing photovoltaic installations cannot be gathered from this document either. 
         [0017]    DE 37 36 560 A1 describes a device for producing gratings. In this case, gratings of a wide variety of forms are produced in an automated manner using a transfer system for workpiece carriers. 
         [0018]    DE 23 53 031 A1 deals with a device for forwarding objects at an angle, in particular for processing lines for plate elements. Said device substantially consists of conveying devices and conveyor belt devices which are of a simple construction and can be inexpensively produced. 
         [0019]    DE 40 10 024 relates to a production installation with parallel and secondary paths of conveyance for assembling and/or processing components consisting of a plurality of individual parts, in which the individual parts and/or components are arranged on pallet inserts. For the purpose of cost-effective production, it is substantially proposed here to assign a secondary path of conveyance, which runs in a parallel manner, to a parallel path of conveyance, this secondary path of conveyance being connected to the parallel path of conveyance and/or the main path of conveyance via node stations. 
         [0020]    The three documents mentioned last deal with simple methods of transporting or producing objects which are likewise simple. 
         [0021]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,986,726 A describes a device for automatically stacking and classifying packages consisting of plates of different sizes. A system of horizontal and vertical transport means is used for this purpose. The special requirements when handling photovoltaic modules are not dealt with in this document. 
         [0022]    DE 25 23 301 A1 relates to a device for depositing stacking strips between layers of boards, which are on top of one another, in order to form a stack of boards. This concerns an insignificant feature of the storage of photovoltaic modules. 
         [0023]    U.S. Pat. No. 2,963,836 A describes a device for automatically handling and packing rigid and semi-rigid plates. This is substantially a horizontal and vertical movement of plates in a limited table-like area. 
         [0024]    The device and the method according to this application may address the problem of inexpensively ensuring that photovoltaic modules are selected and packed in an automatically controlled and reliable manner and with fast cycle times. 
         [0025]    The device according to the invention is described in more detail below. In detail: 
         [0026]    Further aspects of this application will become readily apparent to persons skilled in the art after a review of the following description, with reference to the drawings and claims that are appended to and form a part of this specification. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0027]      FIG. 1  shows a structural overview of the device according to the invention, 
           [0028]      FIG. 2  shows a cross section of the running rail  15 , 
           [0029]      FIG. 3  shows an alternative solution of the device according to the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0030]    The upper part of  FIG. 1  illustrates a production line  1  discharging into the removal area. At the end of the production line  1 , each photovoltaic module passes through the quality testing device  2 . This is necessary since the process of producing photovoltaic modules does not ensure that every module has the same performance data. In fact, the performance parameters of photovoltaic modules are scattered to such an extent that it has proved to be necessary to divide the production yield into at least four different performance classes. 
         [0031]    The allocation to these classes is determined in the quality testing device  2 . 
         [0032]    The following investigations can be carried out in this testing device  2 : 
         [0033]    1. Measurement of the lamination 
         [0034]    2. Integrity of the panes 
         [0035]    3. Testing of the contacts 
         [0036]    4. Electrical measurement of the efficiency 
         [0037]    5. Linking to existing production data 
         [0038]    The measurement of the lamination and the integrity of the panes can be monitored by means of cameras. These investigations are already carried out once during production and can be repeated according to the desired safety requirement at this point. In addition, vibration tests can be carried out at this point, and more detailed investigations of the integrity can be carried out using ultrasound. The electrical contacts are tested and the efficiency is measured using electrical test circuits. In order to determine cold soldering points, the effects of cold (cooling spray) at certain points can be studied at electrical transition points. A measurement of resistive and/or inductive and/or capacitive impedances which is carried out shortly afterward reliably provides information on soldering points which have not been produced properly. This makes it possible to determine weak points in the electrical wiring at an early stage, which weak points often subsequently result in sudden failures only after a relatively long time in the changing weather cycles. The photovoltaic module which has been respectively tested can be electronically linked to the data known from production via barcodes or RFID (=radio frequency identification) transponders. 
         [0039]    In the next station  3 , the assembly device for module carriers, a particular module carrier is automatically fastened to the respective module. The module carrier establishes the connection between the glass panes of a module and the assembly options existing at the respective place of use. It is known that a multiplicity of fastening options are desired by the respective user. In accordance with these different fastening options, the corresponding different types of module carriers are provided on the supply line  5  for module carriers. 
         [0040]    Since different requirements with regard to the desired performance class are additionally imposed by the users on these different types of module carriers to be fitted, the module carriers cannot be assembled until after the respective performance class has been determined. 
         [0041]    A photovoltaic module which has been classified in this manner according to its specific performance class and its specific type of fastening via a barcode or a transponder then reaches the receiving station  20  of the production line. 
         [0042]    From this receiving station  20 , the finished photovoltaic modules are moved to the removal stations D, C, B, A, which are denoted  10 ,  11 ,  12 ,  13  in  FIG. 1 , according to their performance class and their respective module carrier. The removal station  14  is used to store reject modules. These transport operations are carried out by a lifting sucker device which can move on a mount  4  via the running rails  15 . The running rails  15  are mounted, over their entire length, on running rail supports  16 . The length of the running rails  15  can be changed. The height of the running rail supports  16  can be changed in a controllable manner using actuators. This makes it possible to adapt the device according to the invention to different production conditions during operation. 
         [0043]    As an example of such a transport operation, a photovoltaic solar module  6  is depicted in  FIG. 1  at the start of the removal station  10  at the corresponding stacking station which is not described in any more detail. The stacking stations in the removal stations A and B are denoted  21  and  22  in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0044]    A strip laying means  19  for spacer strips is assigned to each removal station  10 ,  11 ,  12 ,  13 . This strip laying means ensures that at least two strips are laid between modules which have been placed on top of one another, which strips have such a thickness that the components projecting from the glass surface of a module, such as terminal boxes or module carriers, cannot damage the glass surface of the adjacent module. For reasons of clarity, the respective strip laying means  19  are depicted only at the removal stations A and B in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0045]    Each removal station  10 ,  11 ,  12 ,  13  is also respectively assigned a film winder  7 , a protective cap applicator  8  and a strapping device  9 . 
         [0046]    A film winder  7  wraps the solar modules  6 , which are intended for dispatch and lie on top of one another, in a protective packaging film which simultaneously holds the entire package of the solar modules  6  together. Protective cap applicators  8  then place protective caps on two opposite sides of a package of solar modules  6  which lie on top of one another. The strapping devices  9  upstream of the individual removal stations  10 ,  11 ,  12 ,  13  preferably act in the region of the protective caps and provide the respective package of solar modules  6  with the required cohesive strength and make the package ready for dispatch. 
         [0047]    In addition, it is possible to attach a “docket”, which identifies the respective package of solar modules  6  which are ready for dispatch, in printed and/or electronic form. 
         [0048]    In order to assist with the control decisions involved in the individual transport operations, corresponding sensors and means for evaluating the output signals from the relevant sensors are located at relevant points of the device according to the invention. These sensors are usually optical sensors of any type and/or proximity sensors which are chosen by a person skilled in the art according to the local conditions and requirements. 
         [0049]    If, in individual cases, it appears to be necessary for a solar module  6  to pass through the quality testing device  2  again, it is possible to supply said module to the production line  1  again via the return line  17  depicted in  FIG. 1 . This makes it possible, in individual cases, if the user so desires, to manually repair a solar module  6  whose testing led to a borderline result. For this purpose, two angle conveyors  18  which allow such return are illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The corresponding transfer station is denoted  23  in  FIG. 1 . Since the entire installation operates in a fully automatic manner, pauses in the production process can be used to retest particular solar modules  6 . 
         [0050]      FIG. 2  illustrates a cross section of the more detailed region of the area surrounding the running rail  15 . In this case, on the left-hand side, two running rail supports  16  can be seen to the left and right of the removal station  14  for reject modules. To the right thereof, the stacking station A with the reference symbol  21  and then the stacking station B with the reference symbol  22  are shown in cross section. Following on, the assembly device  3  for module carriers is illustrated. This is followed by the removal station C and the removal station A, neither of which is denoted, a strip laying means  19  being depicted for each of the two removal stations. A solar module  6  can be seen at the removal station D and the lifting sucker mount  4  can be seen, by way of example, behind said solar module. 
         [0051]    An alternative solution to the problem on which the invention is based is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0052]    This figure is based on the same structure of operations for selecting and packing solar modules  6  as that disclosed in  FIG. 1 , only the removal station D being depicted for the sake of better illustration. 
         [0053]    The fundamental difference from the structure of the outlet stations shown in  FIG. 1  is that the lifting sucker mount  4  with its running rails  15  has been replaced with a store  25  with corresponding devices for loading and unloading this store  25 . 
         [0054]    This means that the solar modules  6  classified in the quality and testing device  2  are not directly assigned to the individual removal stations but rather are first stored in a store  25  which can also be referred to as an intermediate store. In this case, the store  25  can store the solar modules  6  substantially in a horizontal manner, that is to say may be in the form of a vertically oriented vertical store, or may have a combination of a horizontal and a vertical method of storage. In this case, the design depends on the respective spatial conditions and requirements of the operator of the entire installation. The store  25  is preferably open to both sides and can therefore be loaded with solar modules  6  and unloaded from the front and/or from the rear. In this case, the devices  24  and  26  are provided for the possibilities of loading and unloading the store  25 . The associated guide tracks are denoted  28  and  27 . The capacity of the store  25  is unlimited in theory. The number of removal stations assumed to be four in the device in  FIG. 1  can naturally be considerably higher both in the solution according to  FIG. 1  and in the solution according to  FIG. 3 . In this case, the number of removal stations depends mainly on the number of desired performance classes. Since the data which are relevant to delivery for each solar module  6  can be electronically assigned to the latter, the devices  25 ,  28  can be used to supply the provided unloading stations with the desired number of solar modules  6 . Therefore, it is possible to also change the size of an order at short notice. This applies to the solution according to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 3 . 
         [0055]    The complex control of the movement sequences described requires a special control program. 
         [0056]    As a person skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the above description is meant as an illustration of implementation of the principles this application. This description is not intended to limit the scope or application of this invention in that the invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change, without departing from the spirit of this invention, as defined in the following claims. 
       LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS 
       [0000]    
       
         ( 1 ) Production line 
         ( 2 ) Quality testing device 
         ( 3 ) Assembly device for module carriers 
         ( 4 ) Lifting sucker mount 
         ( 5 ) Supply line for module carriers 
         ( 6 ) Solar module 
         ( 7 ) Film winder (packaging) 
         ( 8 ) Protective cap applicator 
         ( 9 ) Strapping device 
         ( 10 ) Removal station D 
         ( 11 ) Removal station C 
         ( 12 ) Removal station B 
         ( 13 ) Removal station A 
         ( 14 ) Removal station for reject modules 
         ( 15 ) Running rails for lifting sucker mount  4   
         ( 16 ) Running rail supports 
         ( 17 ) Return line (test repetition) 
         ( 18 ) Angle conveyor 
         ( 19 ) Strip laying means (spacer strips) 
         ( 20 ) Receiving station of the production line 
         ( 21 ) Stacking station A 
         ( 22 ) Stacking station B 
         ( 23 ) Transfer station of the return line  17   
         ( 24 ) Loading and unloading device 
         ( 25 ) Store as a storage station 
         ( 26 ) Loading and unloading device 
         ( 27 ) Guide track for the device  26   
         ( 28 ) Guide track for the device  24