Abstract:
This invention relates to azeotropic compositions of 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane or of 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane with certain alcohols, ethers, or ketones.

Description:
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 233,779 filed Feb. 4, 1972, now abandoned. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to azeotropic compositions of chlorofluorohydrocarbons with alcohols, ethers, or ketones. In a further aspect, the invention relates to new solvent compositions. In another aspect, the invention relates to methods of removing excess solder flux from circuit boards. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Azeotropic mixtures are liquid mixtures of two or more substances which mixtures behave like single substances in that the vapor produced by partial evaporation of the azeotropic liquid has the same composition as does the liquid. Azeotropic compositions exhibit either a maximum or minimum boiling point as compared with that of other but non-azeotropic mixtures of the same substances or components. 
     Chlorofluorohydrocarbons have found usage for a variety of purposes. For some solvent purposes, however, the chlorofluorohydrocarbons in themselves have not exhibited adequate abilities. Particularly deficient have been the chlorofluorohydrocarbons in dissolving excess solder flux from printed circuits. Printed circuits are formed from a soft metal on a solid non-conducting surface such as a reinforced phenolic resin. During the manufacturing processes, the solid surface or support is coated with the soft metal. The particular desired portion or configuration of metal is coated with an acid-impervious protective coating, and the excess unprotected metal is removed by an acid etching process. 
     The protective coating subsequently must be removed since solder joints must ultimately be made onto the printed circuit. After the impervious coating is removed, the circuits are coated with a rosin flux to permit the joints to be soldered, and after soldering the rosin flux itself must be removed. For removal of such coatings and fluxes, highly efficient uniform composition solvents are desirable. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of this invention to provide novel azeotropic compositions. 
     It is a further purpose of this invention to provide new compositions of matter useful for dissolving solder flux. 
     Other aspects, objects, and the several advantages of my invention will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art to which the invention most nearly pertains from the reading of my description and consideration of my appended claims. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     I have discovered useful azeotropes of 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane with each of the tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol; and of 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane with each of tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, ethanol, and isopropanol. 
     An azeotrope may be defined as a constant boiling mixture which distills without change in composition. Yet, at a differing pressure, the composition indeed may vary, at least slightly, with the change in distillation pressure, which also changes, at least slightly, the distillation temperature. An azeotrope of A and B may represent a unique type of relationship with a variable composition. 
     Thus, it should be possible to fingerprint the azeotrope, which may appear under varying guises depending upon the conditions chosen, by any of several criteria: The composition may be defined as an azeotrope of A and B, since the very term azeotrope is at once definitive and limitative, requiring that A and B indeed form this unique composition of matter which is a constant boiling admixture. Or, the composition may be defined as a particular azeotrope of a weight per cent relationship or mole per cent relationship of A:B, but recognizing that such values point out only one such relationship, whereas a series of relationships of A:B may exist for the azeotrope, varied by influence of temperature and pressure. Or, recognizing that broadly speaking an azeotrope of A:B actually represents a series of relationships, the azeotropic series represented by A:B may in effect be fingerprinted or characterized by defining the composition as an azeotrope further characterized by a particular boiling point at a given pressure, thus giving identifying characteristics without unduly limiting the scope of the invention. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 
     The following data are presented in order to assist in disclosing and describing my invention, and, therefore, are not intended to be limitative of the reasonable scope thereof. 
     The azeotropes of my invention were prepared by distilling mixtures of the chlorofluorohydrocarbon and the other component until the overhead temperature reached a constant value and the composition of the distillate remained unchanged as verified by GLC analysis, thereby establishing the existence of a minimum boiling azeotrope in each case. 
     The azeotropes were tested as solvents for solder flux on printed circuits. 
     EXAMPLE I 
     Azeotropic compositions were prepared and characterized by the properties tabulated below. 
     
                                           TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________                      Composition                      of AzeotropeAzeotrope.sup.(a)       Chlorofluoro-  Chlorofluoro-B.P.  (Pressure)       hydrocarbon               Alcohol                      hydrocarbon/Alcohol__________________________________________________________________________56°C (742 mm)       141.sup.(b)               Methanol                      (73.5/26.5 wt.%                      (64.4/35.6 area %65°C (749 mm)       141     Ethanol                      81.2/18.8 wt.%68°C (740 mm)       141     Isopropanol                      81.3/16.6.sup.(d) wt.%52°C (741 mm)       132.sup.(c)               Methanol                      90.4/9.6 wt.%56-57°C (748 mm)       132     Ethanol                      94.9-95/5-5.1 wt.%47°C (744 mm)       132     Isopropanol                      98.7/1.3 wt.%__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.(a) B.P. is the boiling point for the azeotropic composition at substantially atmospheric in each case. The pressure showing was the atmospheric barometric pressure taken from daily laboratory readings. .sup.(b) 141 represents 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane .sup.(c) 132 represents 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane .sup.(d) Remaining 2.1 weight per cent not identified. 
    
     The azeotropes were tested as solvents for removal of solder flux from commercial circuit boards, with results as shown below, along with comparative runs: 
     
                       TABLE II______________________________________                       Wt.% of FluxRuns  Solvent Systems       Dissolved______________________________________1     141/methanol          97.02     141/ethanol           91.53     141/isopropanol       95.74     132/methanol          98.75     132/ethanol           94.06     132/isopropanol       98.07     113 .sup.(e)          28.48     1,1,1-trichloroethane 82.69     113/ethanol azeotrope 66.510    113/ethanol/acetone azeotrope                       57.011    113/isopropanol azeotrope                       69.512    141                   51.313    132                   74.2______________________________________ .sup.(e) 113 represents 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane. 
    
     The data in Table II show that the novel azeotropic compositions of this invention were more effective than several commercially available solvents or of 141 or 132 alone in removing solder flux from printed circuit boards. 
     EXAMPLE II 
     Azeotropic compositions were prepared and characterized by the properties tabulated below: 
     
                       TABLE III______________________________________                            Approximate                            Weight Percent                            Composition                            of AzeotropeAzeotrope   Chlorofluoro-        Chlorofluorohy-B.P.  (Pressure)           hydrocarbon Ether  drocarbon/Ether______________________________________74°C (739 mm)  141         THF.sup.(f)                              61.8/38.270°C (739 mm)  132         THF    45.9/54.1______________________________________ .sup.(f) THF represents tetrahydrofuran. 
    
     The azeotropes were tested as solvents for removal of solder flux from commercial circuit boards, with results as shown below, along with comparative runs with other similar materials. 
     
                       TABLE IV______________________________________Runs  Solvent Systems    Wt.% of Flux Dissolved______________________________________14    141/THF            10015    132/THF            10016    1,1,1-Trichloroethane                    82.617    113/ethanol azeotrope                    66.518    141                51.319    132                74.2______________________________________ 
    
     The data in Table IV above show that the novel azeotropic compositions of this invention were more effective in removing solder flux from printed circuit boards than several commercially available solvents or 141 or 132 alone. 
     EXAMPLE III 
     Azeotropic compositions were prepared and characterized by the properties tabulated below: 
     
                       TABLE V______________________________________                       Approximate Wt.%                       Composition                       of AzeotropeAzeotrope   Chlorofluoro-   Chlorofluorohy-B.P. (Pressure) hydrocarbon                      Ketone drocarbon/Ketone______________________________________80°C(atmospheric)           141        MEK.sup.(g)                             54.1/45.980°C(743 mm)   132        MEK    39.8/60.266°C(736 mm)   132        Acetone                             72.3/27.7______________________________________ .sup.(g) MEK represents methyl ethyl ketone. 
    
     The azeotropes were tested as solvents for removal of excess solder flux from commercial circuit boards, with the results as shown below, along with comparative runs with other materials. 
     
                       TABLE VI______________________________________                      Wt.% ofRuns  Solvent Systems      Flux Dissolved______________________________________20    141/MEK              10021    132/MEK              9822    1,1,1-Trichloroethane                      82.623    113/ethanol azeotrope                      66.524    113/ethanol/acetone azeotrope                      57.025    141                  51.326    132                  74.2______________________________________ 
    
     The data in Table VI above show that the novel azeotropic compositions of this invention were more effective in removing solder flux from printed circuit boards than several commercially available solvents or 141 or 132 alone. 
     EXAMPLE IV 
     Flash point data were obtained for azeotropic compositions of my discovery: 
     
                                           TABLE VII__________________________________________________________________________                    Flash Point of                    alcohol, etherRun           Azeotrope  or ketone.sup.(i)No. Azeotrope Flash Point, °F.sup.(h)                    Component Alone__________________________________________________________________________27  141/methanol         46°F                    51°F28  141/ethanol           75°F.sup.(j)                    56°F29  141/isopropanol         --         53°F30  132/methanol         46°F                    51°F31  132/ethanol           75°F.sup.(k)                    56°F32  132/isopropanol           75°F.sup.(l)                    53°F33  141/THF   40°F                     6°F34  132/THF   36°F                     6°F35  141/MEK   --         23°F36  132/MEK   42°F                    23°F37  132/Acetone         45°F                    15°F__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.(h) Flash point determination in accordance with ASTM Method D-56. .sup.(i) Flash point data obtained from Shell Chemical Co. Brochure IC-71-18. .sup.(j) Burned at 75°F, not self-extinguishing. .sup.(k) Did not burn at 75°F; supported combustion of vapors and air, but was self-extinguishing. .sup.(l) Did not burn at 75°F; did not support combustion, but was self-extinguishing. 
    
     Data on two azeotropes were not obtained as indicated by the dashes above. The flash point data in general show that the inventive azeotropes are less hazardous in most cases than the alcohol, ether, or ketone non-chlorofluorohydrocarbon component alone. The azeotropes in most cases have higher flash points than does the second component alone. 
     It will be understood that the description given hereinabove of the use of azeotropic compositions of my invention in cleaning or dissolving solder flux is given for illustrative purposes only, that the invention itself is not restricted to such specific embodiments, and that other techniques may be employed. These unique azeotropic compositions will have applications as solvents for greases, oils, waxes, aerosol propellants, and the like; and in cleaning electric motors, compressors, photographic film, oxygen storage tanks, lithographic plates, typewriters, precision instruments, gauges, sound tape, cloth, clothing, and the like. It will be readily apparent that the novel azeotropic compositions can be used for a variety of purposes as indicated by my general description and suggestions.