Abstract:
Interchangeable portions of a cooler or container, having a sports logo thereon, allows a single cooler body or container body to have a first logo at one particular time, and a second logo at another time, upon replacement of interchangeable the portions. Preferably, the portions comprise a plurality of cooler tops, each having one of a different sports logo, sports decal, or indicia, each mating directly or through interchangeable hinge portions with the same cooler body, or being secured to a planar portion of the cooler or container. Alternatives for securing the attachment to the cooler planar portion are disclosed and include adhesive, VELCRO brand fasteners, guide members, or elastomeric attaching members. A set of interchangeable cooler tops is available at a point of purchase, so that a customer may purchase a cooler top with a selected sports logo, sports decal, or indicia that may be bundled as a set or purchased individually as a part of a set.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application claims domestic priority on U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/437,667, filed on Nov. 10, 1999, (Attorney Docket PUR-001), and its continuation application, Ser. No. 09/893,770, filed on Jun. 29, 2001, (Attorney Docket PUR-001/CON) both of which are currently pending. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    This invention generally relates to coolers, such as insulated, portable, molded coolers with insulated walls, bottom and top, or to insulated containers having a removable top. More particularly, this invention relates to a readily attachable and detachable top for such coolers or containers to permit easy replacement of a top with another having a sports logo for a team of choice. Still more particularly, this invention relates to a readily removable and attachable attachment for a cooler top or side to display a team or sports logo of choice. Still further, this invention relates to sets of such cooler tops, having different types of indicia, for mating with a single cooler bottom, wherein a set of such tops comprises at least a pair of such tops sold as a set, with or without a single cooler bottom.  
           [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0005]    Sports teams of most sports have a team logo or name by which they are identified, often fanatically, by fans of the sport or the team. Thus, it is well known to identify with the college entertainment services provided by the University of Arkansas “RAZORBACKS” or the University of Florida “GATORS” football teams, and with professional football entertainment services provided by the Dallas “COWBOYS” and Tennessee “TITANS” football teams, by way of example. Moreover, some sports fans may schedule a local college football game to attend on a Saturday afternoon, and a professional football game at another accessible location on a Sunday afternoon, again by way of example. Cross attendance of one sport, such as football, with another, such as baseball, is also popular and possible.  
           [0006]    Use of and licensing of team logos for fan identification is an immensely large business in the United States and worldwide. The name and logo of a particular team may appear on such items as jackets, jerseys, tee shirts, socks and virtually every item of clothing, school pamphlets and booklets, and on other items of interest to the avid sports fan. Such items are very suitable for personal purchase or for birthday, anniversary and holiday-gift giving as a result of excellent multi-media marketing by leagues and individual teams. Posters and labels, with a suitable adhesive such as permanent glue, are often used to be attached to another item to show allegiance to or support for a team of interest. License plates and license plate holders, in addition to decals, often display a team of popularity and interest.  
           [0007]    On the other hand, insulated devices such containers or coolers are popular for sports fans. Containers or coolers for food and beverages can assume a wide variety of forms. One popular container design is a generally cylindrical type of fluid-tight container, having a removable top which is rotatably secured or removed from the container. One particularly popular cooler design is an insulated chest-shaped cooler with an insulated top, an insulated bottom, and pairs of opposed of insulated sides, in which the top may or may not be permanently attached to the bottom/sides arrangement. Such cooler chests may or may not have handles, either external or recessed, for transporting the coolers from one location to another. Another type of popular insulated container is a vacuum or THERMOS brand bottle having a vacuum, insulated portion and a top, such as a rotatable screw-on cap.  
           [0008]    Sports fans bringing such containers or coolers to sports events of interest have insisted upon having an identification with their teams of choice. A simple but convenient way of showing team support or allegiance is by a decal attached to the container or cooler. Such decals, whether permanently a part of the food or beverage container or cooler, are in the form of planar labels, but are rarely easily removable. Thus, it is difficult, without attaching several planar decals or labels to the top or sides of the cooler chest or other container, to show multiple team allegiance with a single multi-use container or cooler.  
           [0009]    Sports cooler tops may also have a three dimensional character, as representatively shown in Design Patents Nos. Des. 369,524, showing a baseball hat cooler; Des. 369,946, showing a football helmet cooler, and Des. 378,562, showing a top having a portion of a baseball, or a football, or a golf ball, thus to identify the cooler with a sport of interest. All three of these design patents show a sports-related item with three-dimensional characteristics on the top of the cooler, while Des. 386,649 shows a non-sports example of an upraised cooler top design. On the other hand, Des. 349,630 shows an ornamental design for a styrofoam ice chest where the sides of the cooler are together formed in the shape of a football helmet.  
           [0010]    Heretofore, modifications to the planar top, or to the sides, for identification or allegiance to multiple sports or teams has not been considered for a single container or cooler, whether made from styrofoam or according to the more traditional insulated cooler. Thus, it is an aim of the invention to provide a number of alternative solutions to present a single cooler or container with a set of two or more readily exchangeable tops or sides, each representing a different team of interest, whether local, collegiate, or professional and differing sports, such as basketball or baseball or football.  
           [0011]    It is thus an overall aim of this invention to provide at a point of sale a set of at least two structurally similar cooler tops having different logos or indicia sold as a set for use with a single cooler bottom, or such a set of at least two structurally similar cooler topes having such different logs or indicia sold with a single cooler bottom.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0012]    This invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for achieving the aims of the invention.  
           [0013]    It is an overall feature of this invention to provide a set comprising at least two interchangeable portions of a cooler or container, such as alternative tops for the same cooler body or container body, each interchangeable portion having a different logo, so that the same cooler body or container body can have a first logo at one particular time, and a second logo at another time, upon replacement of that interchangeable portion of the cooler or container with one or another of the set. In a first aspect of this invention, interchangeable cooler tops are provided for a cooler body, while in a second aspect of the invention, mechanically interchangeable cooler tops are provided with a cooler body which permits easy and convenient exhangeable interchange of one cooler top with another from the set. Similarly, the alternative tops for the containers are drawn from a set of at least two interchangeable container tops having differing team logos. A typical example of the second aspect of the invention uses mortise and tenon arrangement at the hinge which has a fixed portion secured to the cooler. This latter embodiment thus changes the tops at the hinge for a secure connection to the cooler.  
           [0014]    It is another feature of this invention to provide an attachment for an existing cooler or container to modify a planar top of the cooler or container. According to this feature of the invention, an attachment, having means for securing the attachment to the top of a cooler or container, is provided with a particular logo. The attachment is readily attachable or detachable from the cooler or container, so that the user, wanting to convert the cooler from logo A for team A or sport A to logo B for team B or sport B merely removes the first attachment and replaces it with a second attachment. A set of at least two attachments with a plurality of logos are envisioned to be readily available to the consumer/sports fan and conversion is contemplated as convenient and easy.  
           [0015]    In another aspect of the invention, the attachment is readily attachable or detachable from the cooler or container by loop and hook fasteners, such as “VELCRO” brand fasteners. In an alternative, the attachment may be by adhesive having sufficient strength to adhere the attachment to the cooler or container, but having insufficient strength to prevent its ready removal without defacing either the cooler top, or the attachment itself. According to this aspect of the invention, the attachment is preferably readily attachable and removable from the cooler top, but also may be readily attachable and removable from a side or an end of the cooler body.  
           [0016]    In yet another aspect of the invention, the attachment is in the form of a thin molded, pressed, or cast member that is positioned in a guide on a top or side of the cooler. The thin molded or cast member is sufficiently flexible to be inserted in the guide on the cooler or container, or the guide may have set screws or other suitable means for removably securing and fastening the attachment to the cooler or container.  
           [0017]    In still another embodiment of the invention, each alternative cooler top is provided with either an integral or a separable belt-like elastomeric downwardly extending member for enveloping an upper portion of the cooler itself, thus to secure the cooler top with the cooler body.  
           [0018]    In yet a further aspect of the invention, an attachment device for insulating cooler devices comprises a structural member, and at least one affixation device. The structural member has predetermined indicia thereon, and the affixation devices are supportable on a portion of the structural member. The structural member and the affixation devices are so dimensioned as to releasably affix the structural member to a substantially planar portion of the insulating cooler device.  
           [0019]    In still an additional aspect of the invention, a method of attaching predetermined indicia to an insulating cooler device is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a structural member having the predetermined indicia thereon, applying a releasable affixation device to the structural member, and releasably affixing the structural member to a planar portion of the insulating cooler device using the releasable affixation device.  
           [0020]    In yet an additional aspect of the invention, method of interchanging attachments, having predetermined indicia thereon, for an insulating cooler device is disclosed. The method comprising the steps of a) providing an insulating cooler device having a substantially planar portion, b) providing a plurality of interchangeable structural members, each interchangeable structural member having the predetermined indicia thereon, c) releasably affixing one of the plurality of interchangeable attachments to the substantially planar portion using the releasable affixation device for a first predetermined time period, d) removing the one interchangeable attachment from the substantially planar portion, and e) releasably affixing an other of the plurality of interchangeable attachments to the substantially planar portion for a second predetermined time period.  
           [0021]    Still another feature of this invention relates to the concept of a point-of-sale set of such interchangeable cooler tops for use with a cooler bottom. The set may include a suitable packaging of such interchangeable cooler tops, or such cooler tops with a suitable common cooler bottom.  
           [0022]    These and other objects and features of the invention will become more apparent from a review of the written description of the invention that follows, taken with the accompanying drawings. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0023]    [0023]FIG. 1, having FIGS. 1A, 1B,  1 C and  1 D, illustrates a set of at least two alternative replaceable cooler tops in FIGS. 1B or  1 C for attachment to or securing to the top of the cooler shown in FIG. 1A by manual interchange of the respective tops.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 1D shows an abbreviated view of a representative cooler top of FIGS. 1A or  1 B being mechanically interchanged with the cooler of FIG. 1C in an alternative embodiment.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 2, having FIGS. 2A and 2B, shows an attachable top portion in FIG. 2A for being adhesively secured to the cooler in FIG. 2B, such as by a suitable adhesive.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 3 shows a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 2 in which the adhesively-secured attachment is nearly integral in shape with the cooler top.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 4 shows a partial side cross-sectional view taken along lines  4 - 4  of FIG. 3.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 5, having FIGS. 5A and 5B, shows an exemplary manner of securing the attachment of FIG. 2A by a “VELCRO” brand hook and eye attachment to the cooler body.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 6, having FIGS. 6A and 6B shows another exemplary manner of securing the attachment of FIG. 2A to the cooler top by a mechanical guide arrangement on a top or a side of the cooler bottom, wherein the attachment is merely held in and guided by the mechanical guide arrangement.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 7, having FIGS. 7A and 7B, shows an alternative embodiment for securing the attachment of FIG. 2A to either of the top or of any side of cooler by a plurality of guide members with integral downwardly extending elastomeric members.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 8 shows yet another alternative embodiment for securing the attachment of FIG. 2A preferably to the top of the cooler by use a separate generally vertically-extending elastomeric member for securing the attachment to the cooler.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 9 shows a further alternative embodiment for securing the attachment of FIG. 2A preferably to the top of the cooler by use of magnetic type devices. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0033]    Throughout this specification, the words “sports logo” imply and mean a three-dimensional logo, such as of an Arkansas RAZORBACK, a Florida GATOR, or the like, but is not restricted to football. Rather, the logo can be for any sport and show any team allegiance or support, regardless of level of competition. Thus, the invention is useful for high school, college and professional sports logos for all types of sports. Where the context requires, the use of the terms “sports decal” imply and mean a two-dimensional logo such as a decal or pennant type logo. Also, where the context requires, “indicia” on or in connection with the cooler top implies that color or printing are included on the cooler top with sufficient boldness to distinguish one cooler top from another. Similarly, the term “cooler” implies and means an insulated cooler having an attached or unattached generally planar insulated top for mating with a four-sided and bottomed box-like insulated container, with integral or external handles, useful for toting beverages or food to sporting events and to pre-event or post-event activities, such as the so-called “tailgate” parties. By way of further definitions, a first logo referring to a particular team or sport is herein generally referred to as “logo A” while a second logo referring to another team or sport is herein generally referred to as “logo B” so as not to limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that the logos are not limited to sports teams and organizations, but could include any indicia for which support may be expressed. By way of non-limiting examples, company names, or Government agency names, could also be used.  
         [0034]    In FIG. 1, a cooler  10  of the type generally described is shown in FIG. 1A having a handle  12 , opposed insulated side walls  14 ,  16 , opposed insulated end walls  18 ,  20  and an insulated bottom  17  interconnecting the opposed side walls  14 ,  16  with the end walls  18 ,  20  into a unitary structure. Together, the members form an open-topped insulated box-like structure recognized as a cooler for receiving a cooler top  22  in a mating relationship. FIG. 1B thus shows a cooler top  22   a  having “logo A” while FIG. 1C shows a cooler top  22   b  having “logo B”, each sized and shaped to mate snugly in a mating, insulating relationship at the upper portion of the cooler  10  shown in FIG. 1A. According to the invention, a set of interchangeable tops  22   a,    22   b, . . .    22   n  are available, each having individual logos, i.e. logo A, logo B, . . . logo N. In an alternative, a particular top of a set may itself have more than one logo and be custom-made according to the whims and preferences of the user. Still further, a set of tops may also include a top  22   a  with a sports logo, while the top  22   b  may also include a sports decal or merely coloring corresponding to the school colors of the top  22   b.    
         [0035]    According to the invention, a set comprising at least two, and preferably more, cooler tops  22   a,    22   b  are prepared with selected logos. Assuming that the top  22   a  is in place at the top of the cooler  10  showing logo A, the user is free to take the cooler to a game of choice while showing the logo A. Then, the consumer, desiring to have a top  22   b  having a different logo B in place of logo A on top  22   a  merely removes top  22   a  as shown diagrammatically by arrow  24  and replaces it with top  22   b  as shown diagrammatically by arrow  26 . The described exchange may selectively be repeated with any of the set of tops. It is a feature of the invention depicted in FIG. 1 that at least of pair of cooler tops are sold as a set at a point of purchase, such as a retail store. A plurality of tops can be available at the store or point of purchase, and are primarily provided as a set in the sense of a collection of items belonging together. A set may be available enveloped by a transparent packaging, such as a blister pack of plastic wrapping, or available for selection freely by a consumer. One preferred example of a set of tops include a top having a three dimension sports logo on one top, and second top having indicia representative of the same team, such as by team color.  
         [0036]    While the particular cooler shown in FIG. 1A is an open-topped cooler  10 , such as one which could be made from styrofoam or molded plastic spaced walls with insulating material intermediate the walls forming the sides, top and bottom, the invention is applicable to coolers  10 A having hinged, pivotable tops  22   a′ ,  22   b′  secured to the cooler  10 ′ by hinges  25 ,  27 . In that case, a quick connect arrangement is necessary to fix and release a cooler top in a manner convenient to the user to permit the exchange of tops as described in connection with FIG. 1. For example, the connection could be made with set screws  28   a ,  28   b  through a portion of the hinge member  25   a ,  27   b  for securing the top  22   a,    22   b  by a hinged flange  25   b ,  27   b , as representatively shown in FIG. 1D. The notion of the invention shown in FIG. 1 is to provide a plurality of lids or tops of coolers, regardless of physical connection, to be alternatively used with the same cooler base  10 , each bearing a different sports logo. Thus, while a generally box-like structure is depicted, the ordinarily skilled artisan will appreciate that various shaped devices and mating covers could be used.  
         [0037]    According to the method of using the invention as shown in FIG. 1, a user fond of the Arkansas RAZORBACKS collegiate football team and the Tennessee TITANS professional football team could choose to attend the sporting event in Fayetteville, Ark. with logo A on a first top for the cooler on a Saturday, for example. Then on a Sunday, for example, the patron could attend a Tennessee TITANS professional football team in Memphis, Tenn. after substituting the top  22   b  with logo B for the cooler top  22   a . Thus, according to the method of using the invention, a cooler  10  having a top  22   a  is provided with a first logo  22   a  for a first period of time. A top  22   b  having a logo B is conveniently substituted for the top  22   a  having a logo B, as indicated by the dual-pointed arrows  24 ,  26  indicating the interchangeability of the cooler tops.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 1D shows a portion of the cooler top at about its hinge portion, providing a mortise and tenon type of metallic attachment. Thus, the top  22   a  could have a pair of hinged tenons  25   b,    27   b  at spaced locations in register with a pair of fixed mortises  25   a ,  27   a  on the cooler  10 , each having a set screw  28   a ,  28   b  for securing the tenons  30  respectively therein. By unscrewing the set screws  28   a ,  28   b , the tenons  25   b ,  27   b  for the top  22   a  are released and the tenons  25   b ,  27   b  for the top  22   b  are inserted. Then, the set screws  28   a ,  28   b,  preferably permanently attached, are tightened so that the top  22   b  is exchanged for the top  22   a . Alternative, the mortises could be hinged at the bottom of the cooler and the tenons fixed therein as described. The result is a removable, exchangeable, hingedly connected structure permitting easy exchange between alternative tops. Other types of replaceability are also contemplated. For example, the mortise and tenon arrangement could be merely spring-biased with a depressed clip for releasing spring tension laterally holding the tenon in the mortise securely. Such an arrangement is similar to a spring-biased luggage snap, for example.  
         [0039]    Of course, a plurality of tops  22   a . . .    22   n  as previously described, but greater in number than two, could also be provided, each having a useful and convenient logo, for use one-at-a-time on the cooler  10 .  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 2 shows a second feature or embodiment of the invention. A cooler  40 , of a conventional type, as shown in FIG. 2A, but similar to the cooler shown in FIG. 1A, is provided with a relatively planar top  42 , to which is removably secured a relatively thin attachment  44  bearing a logo of interest. Reference numerals generally describing the cooler, as in FIG. 1, are eliminated to simplify the explanation. The attachment  44  is made by casting, or forming, or molding to depict a three-dimensional sports logo of the type discussed above. In its broadest aspects, the attachment  44  is removably secured to the top  42  of the cooler  40  by an adhesive or other securing means that permits selective removal when it is desired to change the sports logo on the cooler as described in connection with FIG. 1. The thickness of the attachment  44  is not of major concern, but its periphery should be not greater than the periphery of the underlying top  42  that serves as its substrate. Whenever desired, a first sports logo on an attachment  44  can readily be removed and a new attachment, having a different or second sports logo can be replaced thereon. A type of adhesive contemplated for use with the invention is one suitable for its intended purpose to hold the attachment on the top when used, but permitting the attachment  44  to be removed from the top  42 , when desired for replacement. In this respect, therefore, adherance of the type exhibited by a well-known “POST-IT” note is a suitable example of the type of adhesive contemplated.  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 3 shows a side view of the cooler with an attachment  44  secured to its top  42 , and further showing the parting line or adhesive line  43  for mating the attachment  44  to the cooler top  42 . The adhesive selected is one which is suitable for its intended purpose of holding the attachment securely in place until it is desired to change the attachment, as described. It may also be noted that in FIG. 3, a three-dimensional logo appears in cross section, as shown by reference numeral  44   a.    
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 4 shows a side cross sectional view in elevation taken along line  4 - 4  of FIG. 3. It can be seen that by adhesively securing the attachment  44  to the top  42  of the cooler  40 , the overall contours of the cooler are virtually unchanged. The reference numeral  40   a  shows a shoulder within the cooler  40  on which the top  42  rests in normal circumstances.  
         [0043]    An alternate to the embodiment to FIGS.  3  to  4  is now described. That is, the attachment  44  is selectively and removably secured to a relatively planar side  46  of the cooler  40 . In its preferred embodiment, the attachment  44  is selectively adhered to a top surface  42 , but alternatively, an attachment could be secured to a side surface  46  as described above. In an acceptable alternative, a plurality of similar attachments  44 , bearing either the same or different logos, are secured as described above to any of the top, sides, or ends of the cooler. In this way, a single cooler could display up to five (5) sports logos on its surfaces, excepting the bottom surface to avoid inadvertent wearing of the logo and instability of the cooler from the three-dimensional lower surface or bottom. While the adhesive preferred is as previously described, this multi-surfaced embodiment can also be accomplished by using the “VELCRO” brand attachments discussed later in connection with FIG. 5.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 5, having FIGS. 5A and 5B, shows a representative embodiment in which a cooler top attachment  44  and the cooler top  42  are secured together, but releasably, by “VELCRO” brand hook and eye securing members  50 . Which half of the securing members is on the top and which is on the attachment is not significant. In use, by bringing the attachment in proximity to the top, the fasteners mate to securely hold the attachment onto the top of the cooler. Later, to exchange a top  42  for another, the user merely pulls on an edge or corner of the attachment in a well-known manner, to release the current attachment from the top of the cooler, leaving the top ready to receive another attachment with a like fastener on its reverse surface.  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 6, having FIGS. 6A and 6B, shows a representative embodiment in which a sports logo attachment  48  is retained within at least a pair of guide members  52 , and as many as four of such guide members arranged quadrilaterally. Each guide member may have an L-shaped cross section with a vertical leg  54  and a horizontally-extending lip  54  which turns in toward the lip of the adjacent guide member. The attachment can be held within the guide members because of an overlap of the lips of the guide members relative the edges of the attachment. In this situation, the attachment can be sufficiently rigid so as not to require any adhesive. By appropriately locating at least a pair of the guide members  52  on the top of the cooler as shown, or on a side, or a combination of the top and sides, plural attachments can be provided for the cooler. The ordinarily skilled artisan will, of course, appreciate that the described shape and arrangement of the guide members is only exemplary, and that other shapes and arrangements could be used.  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 7 shows another representative example of the securing means in which an elastomeric depending band member  60  is attached to and is integral with the attachment  44 . The elastomeric band  60  is sufficiently elastic to permit the attachment to be secured to the top  42  of the cooler by extending the elastomeric band about a top portion  42   a  of the cooler top  42 . Upon releasing of the elastomeric band member  60 , the attachment is secured by the elastomeric band member  60  which has returned to its original shape and size. Preferably, the cooler top  42  has less rounded edges with planar vertical surfaces to present a larger generally vertical surface to accommodate more securely the elastomeric band member of the attachment  44 , as shown representatively in FIG. 7A.  
         [0047]    In an alternative, similar in concept to FIG. 7, FIG. 8 shows an elastomeric band member  60  which is separate from the attachment  44  or the cooler top  42 . The elastomeric band for this embodiment can be circumferentially continuous or separated with a means for securing one opposed end to another. Otherwise, after placing the elastomeric band about the circumference of the attachment and the top, it returns to its original circumference to hold the attachment to the top. For the alternative discontinuous band embodiment, the band is placed about the circumference and one end connected to the other by a suitable securing means, such as a notch, a member, or the like.  
         [0048]    A further embodiment, depicted in FIG. 9, shows the use of magnetic type devices  72  for releasably securing the attachment  44  to the cooler top  42 . The magnetic devices are arranged on the top surface  47  of the cooler top  42  and, in corresponding locations, on the bottom surface  49  of the attachment  44 . This arrangement allows the attachment  44  to be releasably secured to the cooler top  42  via the magnetic force of attraction between corresponding magnetic devices  72 . Of course, as will be clear to the ordinarily skilled artisan, not all of the magnetic devices need be magnets. For example, the magnetic devices  72  on the top surface  47  of cooler top  42  could be magnets, while the devices  72  on the bottom surface  49  of attachment  44  could be any type of ferromagnetic material, or visa-versa.  
         [0049]    The embodiments of FIGS.  2  to  9  thus show various means for selectively adhesively securing the attachment to the cooler, whether at its top or at its sides and ends, including adhesives, Velcro brand fasteners, guide rails, elastomeric band members, or magnetic force. Other mechanical means for achieving the desired coaction and cooperation between the attachment and its cooler top are also available for use.