Abstract:
Implementations of the system and method use an existing management server infrastructure to deliver video-on-demand or streaming content, including real-time live streaming. Existing client content playback devices, such as IPTVs, may be employed to stream content items, obtain advertisements, track user&#39;s viewing behaviors, and the like. By reusing existing client devices, there is no need for additional hardware purchases on the user side. By reusing existing management server infrastructures, capital expenses are also reduced. In such a system, a user can watch both video-on-demand and streaming audiovisual content.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    Infrastructures exist to provide Internet video from various content providers or services. For example, the Sony Bravia® Internet Link (“BIVL”) technology from Sony Corporation provides a hardware device which when coupled to a broadband Internet connection allows access to Internet video services through a management server infrastructure. Such infrastructures deliver recorded audiovisual media content such as video, music, and audio files. 
         [0002]    Streaming refers to a delivery of media content in a constant fashion, from a transmission at a source to a reception and presentation at a receiver. For example, Internet delivery of digital content presentations to network computers is commonly streamed, as is Internet television content. Current streamed content is delivered using protocols such as HTTP, and while certain parameters are specified, e.g., when to retrieve content files, what tags are involved, etc., the same do not provide a full streaming solution. While useful for many applications, creating any new live streaming content infrastructure requires new hardware, software, and significant investment. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0003]    Implementations of the system and method use an existing management server infrastructure to deliver video-on-demand or streaming content, including real-time live streaming. Existing client content playback devices, such as IPTVs, may be employed to stream content items, obtain advertisements, track user&#39;s viewing behaviors, and the like. By reusing existing client devices, there is no need for additional hardware purchases on the user side. By reusing existing management server infrastructures, capital expenses are also reduced. In such a system, a user can watch both video-on-demand and streaming audiovisual content. 
         [0004]    Implementations of the system and method further provide a methodology and protocol to enable an IPTV device to access and obtain streaming or video-on-demand content. While the description below will primarily refer to streaming or video-on-demand content, it will be understood that systems and methods according to the principles described will be applicable to real time live streaming content as well as other such content. Moreover, the terms “content item”, “content”, and “asset”, will generally be used interchangeably, unless the context dictates otherwise. 
         [0005]    After a service provider&#39;s live streaming content metadata has been ingested for posting by the system, or after a third-party service provider&#39;s streaming content is available to be consumed, the methodology and protocol allow an IPTV device to access, obtain, and consume the content. In so doing, the IPTV device may indicate support for live streaming by transmitting its capabilities to a management server via a service manager module. 
         [0006]    The system and method may employ several components and steps. The flow starts at a source of content feeding into a media encoder system. A particular implementation is described below, but it will be understood that variations of file types, protocols, or the like, may be employed according to the requirements of a given application. The media encoder system encodes an incoming audiovisual media stream, live or prerecorded, into a BIVL-compatible audiovisual stream, e.g., an MPEG2-TS stream. The encoded MPEG2-TS stream feeds into a media segmenter or slicer, which slices the stream into one or more streams or files. A next step is a generation of plain-text file, e.g., an M3U8 file, having filename extension .m3u8, that contains URIs to the sliced streams or files with filename extension .ts. When the file is generated, it may be encrypted, e.g., with AES-128 bit with CBC and VI value 8, and uploaded or placed into a web server folder where it may be accessed and retrieved by authenticated IPTV clients. 
         [0007]    Before an IPTV client can have knowledge of the location of these files, the client may be authenticated in an appropriate fashion, e.g., through the management server infrastructure. When an authenticated IPTV client indicates its support for streaming, the same is presented with a list of streaming services. When a live streaming service is selected, a list may be provided of both live streaming and video-on-demand audiovisual media content, which may be services, categories or assets. Upon selecting a service, category or asset, or a combination, in sequence, the management server and/or service provider may perform authentication. Once authenticated, the IPTV client can decrypt the encrypted .ts file and begin live streaming content playback. 
         [0008]    The system and method further provide a methodology and protocol to enable an IPTV device to access and obtain a streaming asset. After a service provider&#39;s streaming content metadata has been ingested into a management server infrastructure, or after a third-party service provider&#39;s streaming content is available to be consumed, the system and method provide definitions and protocols for an IPTV device to access, obtain, and consume the content. In particular, the system and method may employ a management server assets list and asset information APIs with a protocol such as HTTPS and security such as a hash value for checksum. In this way, it may integrate streaming assets into a current asset specification of a management server infrastructure such that a service provider may specify its streaming content to IPTV clients. Conversely, IPTV clients may specify their capabilities to support streaming content to a content source. In this way, IPTV clients may securely access, obtain, and playback or consume a streaming asset. 
         [0009]    In more detail, after streaming assets are placed in a web folder as described above, the service provider may enable its streaming content to be retrieved by IPTV devices by adding definitions to API responses, such as from a management server infrastructure. The additional definitions may include, e.g., apiContents and apiInformation responses. In one implementation, it may add the following: &lt;source&gt; attributes streams_types=“HTTPLS”; protocol=“https”; and metafile_types=“M3U8”, which may then identify the content as, e.g., live streaming content. In addition, the &lt;source&gt; value may contain the URI to an .m3u8 file. In these specific implementations, in order for an IPTV client to playback the content, it should support the M3U8 metafile type and use a protocol such as HTTPS. Other types and protocols will be understood for other implementations. 
         [0010]    Once the service provider has determined that a client supports live streaming content, it returns the correct asset list or asset. The client makes an apiContents and apiInformation call, in the above implementation, using HTTPS to the URI of the .m3u8 file to retrieve the content to be played. It is noted that such calls may be made even for non-streaming content. 
         [0011]    A user may select content for streaming in any number of ways, including using a standard remote control in combination with the content playback device or using a second display, the former being associated with a user account and the latter optionally so associated. The use of second display devices in such contexts has certain benefits because the same provides complementary functionality to the IPTV, but generally does not require additional investment by the user because the same make use of a device, e.g., a smartphone, laptop computer, tablet computer, a desktop, an Internet appliance, etc., which most users already have in their possession. Additional details about such second displays and their interactions with content playback devices, e.g., through proxy servers and otherwise, may be seen from Applicants&#39; co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/077,181, filed Mar. 31, 2011, entitled “PERSONALIZED SECOND DISPLAY BROWSING EXPERIENCE DUE TO MULTIPLE SESSION FEATURE”, owned by the assignee of the present application and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
         [0012]    Where second displays are employed, the same may include any device that can run an application that communicates with a content playback device, including, but not limited to, personal computers, laptop computers, notebook computers, netbook computers, handheld computers, personal digital assistants, mobile phones, smart phones, tablet computers, hand-held gaming devices, gaming consoles, and also on devices specifically designed for these purposes, in which case the special device would include at least a processor and sufficient resources and networking capability to run the second display application. 
         [0013]    In a general method, including use of a second display, a user has a user account with a source or clearinghouse of services. Here, the source or clearinghouse is represented as a management server, but it should be understood that the user account may be with a service provider directly. The management server communicates with at least one content server (generally associated with the service provider) such that the content server provides content items such as streaming assets for presentation or access at the content playback device. The user account has information stored thereon related to what content playback devices are associated with the user account. When a user logs on, they may see this list of content playback devices and may choose a particular content playback device. Once a content playback device has been chosen, a list of services may be displayed from which the user may choose. From a chosen service, a user may select a content item for streaming viewing, undergoing an affiliation or authentication step if required by the service. Additional details may be found in the application incorporated by reference above. 
         [0014]    In one aspect, the invention is directed to a method to enable streaming, live streaming, and/or video-on-demand on a management server infrastructure, including: receiving a login and authentication request from a device having authentication credentials; upon successful authentication, establishing a streaming session; providing a service list to the device; receiving a request for content from the service list that is streamed or video-on-demand; and providing a URI to the device, the URI providing a location from which the device may receive the content, the location associated with a service provider or content delivery network. 
         [0015]    Implementations of the method may include one or more of the following. The method may further include delivering a media encoder and segmenting module to the service provider or content delivery network. The authentication credential may be associated with a user account, and the method may further include delivering an advertisement to the device, a choice of advertisement at least partially based on data in the user account. The authentication credential may be associated with a user account, and the method may further include delivering a recommendation of an additional content item to the device, the recommendation at least partially based on data in the user account. The method may further include providing an asset list to the device, the asset list corresponding to a user selection from the provided service list, and where the receiving a request for content from the service list may include receiving a selection of an asset from the asset list. The method may further include determining if a content playback device is operating in a malicious manner by determining if multiple occurrences of the receiving a request for content have occurred more than a predetermined number of times in a predetermined time period. The providing a URI may include providing a proxy URI to the content playback device, the proxy URI convertible to an actual URI only at the content delivery network, such that the actual location of a URI file is hidden to the content playback device. The method may further include receiving data about a technical capability of the content playback device, and the method may further include filtering the service list based on the technical capability. 
         [0016]    In another aspect, the invention is directed towards a non-transitory computer-readable medium, including instructions for causing a computing device to implement the above method. 
         [0017]    In another aspect, the invention is directed towards a system for streaming, live streaming, and/or video-on-demand on a management server infrastructure, including a management module, implemented on one or more servers, and coupled to a content playback device and a service provider, where the management module includes: a service manager module, the service manager module for receiving a login request from the content playback device and for establishing a session upon successful authentication, the session including transmitting at least one technical specification of the content playback device to the service manager module; a service module for providing a list of services to the content playback device upon receipt of a service list request from the content playback device, the service module further for receiving a selection of a service from the list from the content playback device; and an index file module for providing a URI of an index file to the content playback device, the index file corresponding to the service selected on the content playback device, the URI allowing the content playback device to access an index file from a service provider or content delivery network. 
         [0018]    Implementations of the method may include one or more of the following. 
         [0019]    The system may further include an advertising module, the advertising module for providing advertising to the content playback device at least partially based on data associated with a user account associated with the content playback device. The system may further include a recommendation module, the recommendation module for providing recommendations of content items to the content playback device at least partially based on data associated with a user account associated with the content playback device. The system may further include an asset list module, the asset list module for providing an asset list corresponding to the service selected on the content playback device, the asset list module further for receiving a selection of an asset from the list from the content playback device, and where the URI of an index file provided to the content playback device is a URI of an index file corresponding to the selected asset. The system may further include a media encoder and segmenter module, the media encoder and segmenter module for receiving media from a content source and encoding and segmenting the media such that the media is represented by an index file and a plurality of transport stream files. The system may further include a media encoder and segmenter provisioning module for providing the media encoder and segmenter module to a service provider or content delivery network. The system may further include a filter module to filter the provided service list based on the technical specification of the content playback device, the technical specification at least including an ability of the content playback device to support video-on-demand or streaming content. The system may further include a proxy module, the proxy module communicating with the content delivery network or service provider such that the index file module provides a proxy URI to the content playback device, the proxy URI convertible to an actual URI by the content delivery network or service provider when received from the content playback device. The system may further include a denial of service module, the denial of service module detecting if a number of attempts have been made to access the provided URI greater than a predetermined threshold number within a predetermined period of time. 
         [0020]    In another aspect, the invention is directed towards a method for making streaming or video-on-demand content available to a content playback device through a management server, including: for an asset provided or to-be-provided for streaming or video-on-demand, providing at least one definition corresponding to a source, a protocol, and a metafile type, where the source contains a URI to an index file; in a response to a request for a streamed or video-on-demand asset from a content playback device, determining if the content playback device supports streaming or video-on-demand; and if the content playback device is determined to support streaming or video-on-demand, returning data sufficient to enable the content playback device to make a call to the URI to retrieve the asset to be played. 
         [0021]    Implementations of the invention may include one or more of the following. The determining if the content playback device supports streaming or video-on-demand may include receiving a TV_ID from the content playback device during an authentication procedure. The protocol may be an HTTP protocol and the metafile type may be M3U8. The data may be returned following receipt of an apiContents API call or apiInformation API call. 
         [0022]    In another aspect, the invention is directed towards a non-transitory computer-readable medium, including instructions for causing a computing device to implement the above method. 
         [0023]    Advantages of certain implementations of the system and method may include one or more of the following. Existing management server infrastructures may be reused to deliver streaming content in a cost-efficient manner, as well as providing security, content management, and client management. Existing IPTV clients may be employed to stream content, obtain advertisements, and track user&#39;s viewing behaviors. Users may be enabled to view both video-on-demand and live streaming audiovisual content. The system and method are highly scalable. The system and method may be conveniently employed to deliver live content to existing content playback devices from sources such as concert venues, sporting events, movie events, and the like, thus adding tremendous value to existing customers as well as being another source of revenue generation to the operator of a management server infrastructure. The system and method may further be employed to deliver advertising, opening advertising revenue streams from client companies and third-party advertisers. The system and method may allow the delivery of ads that are tailored to a user&#39;s live streaming history and behaviors. The system and method may provide secure authentication for IPTV clients and may validate clients using parameters such as TV_ID and user token. The system and method may provide for revocation and rejection of potential malicious IPTV clients. The system and method may provide for the hiding of URIs associated with M3U8 files making the location of streaming content items unknown to potential attackers who wish to perform denial of service attacks. The system and method may filter streaming content services based on what client capabilities have been noted, and may present streaming contents only to supported clients. The system and method allow a service provider to specify its streaming content such that a content playback device may access, obtain, and play the same. In this way, the service provider may integrate streaming content information into an existing management server infrastructure in a convenient fashion. 
         [0024]    Other advantages will be apparent from the description that follows, including the figures and claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0025]    Like reference numerals denote like elements throughout. 
           [0026]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an exemplary system in accordance with an aspect of the present principles, illustrating a management server and content delivery network which may be employed to deliver streaming or video-on-demand content to a content playback device. 
           [0027]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a more detailed exemplary system in accordance with an aspect of the present principles, illustrating a management server and content delivery network which may be employed to deliver streaming for video-on-demand content to a content playback device. 
           [0028]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method according to another aspect of the present principles, the method for delivering streaming and/or video-on-demand content. 
           [0029]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method according to a further aspect of the present principles, the method for delivering streaming and /or video-on-demand content. 
           [0030]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram of another exemplary system in accordance with an aspect of the present principles, illustrating ways in which the system may detect and treat malicious or denial-of-service activity from a content playback device. 
           [0031]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method according to a further aspect of the present principles, the method for detecting malicious or denial-of-service activity during retrieval of streaming and/or video-on-demand content. 
           [0032]      FIG. 7  is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method according to a further aspect of the present principles, the method for retrieving streaming and/or video-on-demand content. 
           [0033]      FIG. 8  is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method according to a further aspect of the present principles, the method for retrieving streaming and/or video-on-demand content. 
           [0034]      FIG. 9  is a code sample illustrating an exemplary API call according to a further aspect of the present principles, the method for retrieving streaming and/or video-on-demand content. 
           [0035]      FIG. 10  is a code sample illustrating an exemplary API call according to a further aspect of the present principles, the method for retrieving streaming and/or video-on-demand content. 
           [0036]      FIG. 11  illustrates an exemplary computing environment, e.g., that of the disclosed IPTV or client device, management server, second display, or the like. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0037]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a system  10  is shown including a content playback device  12  coupled to a local network  16 , which may be wired, wireless, or a combination of both. Also coupled to the local network  16  are one or more remote controls  14   a , which may be of any type capable of providing input through a user interface  28  having input controls  32  to the content playback device  12  in order to control a user interface  15  having various menu options. Besides the remote control  14   a , a second display  14   b  may also be employed to control content playback devices on the local network  16 . The second display  14   b  may employ a user interface  34  running a control application  36 . The second display  14   b  may in some cases be a laptop, tablet, handheld computer, or other Internet appliance, or may include a mobile device such as a smart phone, which may be directly connected to the Internet  26  or to the local network  16 , or both. Other types of second displays will also be understood, including desktop computers or the like. The control application  36  may operate the content playback device through the local network  16  either as part of the local network or even from a location external to the local network. 
         [0038]    A number of servers may be accessed by the content playback device  12  through the local network  16  and the Internet  26 , including a management server  40  and one or more content servers  22  corresponding to service providers (only one is shown in  FIG. 1 ). The servers may communicate with a content delivery network  24  to enable content items to be delivered to the content playback device  12 . 
         [0039]    With the system  10  of  FIG. 1 , the user is provided with a convenient and flexible way to select content items for streaming. 
         [0040]    A more detailed implementation of the system is illustrated in  FIG. 2 , in which a system  10 ′ is shown in which the content playback device  12  is coupled to a management server  40  through a service manager module  66 . The content playback device is also coupled to a service provider  30 . The coupling of the content playback device  12  to the management server  40  and the service provider  30  is generally through the local network  16  and Internet  26 . 
         [0041]    The service manager module  66  provides the initial gateway for content between the content playback device and the management server  40 . When the content playback device  12  requests a login to the management server  40 , it provides a TV_ID to the service manager module  66 . Using the TV_ID the management server  40  can determine the client device capabilities, e.g., in terms of streaming. The service manager module  66  in turn returns a user token to the content playback device  12 . Authentication by the service manager module  66  allows the content playback device to access the management server infrastructure and see available services. Thus, following such login, the content playback device may request a list of available services from the management server, and such list may be returned to the content playback device. The content playback device  12  may then request a service, an asset within the service, or the like. Generally access of a particular service and the assets thereof will require affiliation and/or authentication with that service. 
         [0042]    The management server  40  provides a data service with a number of functions. For example, an authentication module  46  may be provided to allow the authentication of client devices such as content playback devices, e.g., IPTVs, if such is not provided by the service manager module. A service module  44  may be employed to provide a service list to the content playback device  12 . It will be noted that such service lists, as well as asset lists and other user interface modules, may be provided to a second display as well as to a content playback device  12 . However, such second displays will generally use the authentication credentials of the content playback device  12  to access the actual streaming content items, unless the same are provided free of authentication. 
         [0043]    An asset module  48  may be provided to deliver a list of assets corresponding to a service as may be provided by the service module  44 . It is noted that in some cases user selection of a service may lead to delivery of a streaming asset, while in other cases, user selection of a service leads to a list of assets or categories of assets for selection. In implementations described here, selection of the service may lead to presentation of a grid of available content items, e.g., organized by whether they are video-on-demand, real-time live streaming, upcoming in the future, or the like. 
         [0044]    A filter module  52  may be provided to filter assets or services from being delivered to a content playback device, based on a number of factors. For example, one such filter is if a content playback device can support the service or asset. Another filter is if the content playback device is affiliated with the service. If not, such services may be filtered out. Other factors will also be understood. 
         [0045]    A proxy module  54  may be provided to serve a proxy function with respect to URIs of content items which are sent to a requesting content playback device. As will be explained in greater detail below, URIs provided to the content playback device may be proxy URI&#39;s, which are translated to an actual URI by a service provider or content delivery network. In this way, the actual location of content files is hidden from potential unauthorized access. Another module illustrated in  FIG. 2  is a D.O.S. module, or “denial of service” module  56 . The denial of service module  56  may be employed to test if a content playback device  12  is acting in a malicious manner. For example, the denial of service module  56  may test if a large number of accesses are indicative of malicious activity, or if a TV_ID has been counterfeited. In general, such activity may be flagged if a number of accesses exceed a predetermined threshold number over a predetermined period of time. 
         [0046]    A viewing or transaction history associated with the user account may be employed to personalize management server functionality. Such personalization modules are illustrated in element  58 . In one case, an advertising module  62  may be employed to tailor ads delivered to a user based on user tastes as determined by a number of factors, these factors and methods described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/313,740, filed Dec. 7, 2011, entitled “METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ADVERTISEMENT CHOICES USING A SECOND DISPLAY DURING CONTENT PLAYBACK”, owned by the assignee of the present application and incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. A recommendation module  64  may further be employed to provide recommendations of additional content items, or advertisements, based on a user viewing history, a viewing history of affiliated users such as may be listed on a friends list, or other such factors. 
         [0047]    Once the management server  40  has authenticated the client device in an appropriate manner, the management server may provide the content playback device  12  with a URI to access streaming or video-on-demand content from a service provider  30 , generally by providing a URI to an index file via an index module  57 . 
         [0048]    The service provider  30  is illustrated with a number of components, and these components may be distributed in a number of ways, the distribution in  FIG. 2  being merely one of these ways. The service provider  30  may provide its streamed or video-on-demand content by way of a content delivery network  72  which hosts files on a web server  84 . Each such file typically includes an index file, which may be in one implementation in the format .m3u8, and the index file may provide a URI to a number of transport stream files  82   a - 82   c , e.g., 01.ts, 02.ts, 03.ts, and so on. 
         [0049]    The streamed content files may be provided to the web server in this fashion or may be created using a media encoder and segmenter module  68 . The media encoder and segmenter module  68  is illustrated as being part of the service provider  30 , but it will be understood that the same may be hosted entirely separately. 
         [0050]    As shown in the figure, generally a flow starts at a source of content  20 , e.g., a camcorder file or other such audiovisual file, feeding into the media encoder and segmenter module  68 . A media encoder  74  encodes an incoming audiovisual media stream, e.g., live or prerecorded, into an encoded format such as MPEG2-TS. The encoded stream feeds into a segmenter module  75 , which at a segmenter  76  slices the stream into one or more streams or files, e.g., which durations are arbitrary but are generally of equal length for better performance. An index file is then generated which contain URIs to the sliced streams or files. In the figure, the index file is an M3U8 file with filename extension “.m3u8”, and the same contains URIs to files with filename extension “.ts”. 
         [0051]    When the file is generated, it may be encrypted, e.g., with AES-128 bit security with CBC and VI value 8, uploaded or placed into a web server folder as noted above where the same may be accessed and retrieved by authenticated IPTV clients. 
         [0052]    Before an IPTV client can be provided with knowledge of the location of the files, the client is authenticated by the service manager module  66 . Authenticated IPTV clients may indicate their support for streaming content and may be presented with services and/or assets as described above. When a streaming service is selected, a mixed list of both live streaming and video-on-demand audiovisual content assets may be displayed. Upon selection of an asset, the service provider and the management server will generally perform authentication for the selected service or asset as required. As will be described below, authentication may also be provided by a hosting server. For example, if a service requires a separation step of affiliating or of verifying affiliation, the affiliation may be performed along with any needed authentication of the client device. Once authenticated, the IPTV client can decrypt the encrypted .ts files and begin streaming content playback. 
         [0053]    A flowchart  60  of one method according to the present principles is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . A first step is that a management server receives a login and authentication request from a content playback device (step  92 ). The next step is that, upon successful authentication, a streaming session is established between the two components (step  94 ). In this streaming session a number of aspects may be communicated, according to the principles described here. For example, the client is described to the management server, e.g., whether streaming is supported by the client. The management server may mandate a particular type of security protocol. A transport protocol may also be chosen, e.g., HTTP. It will be understood that other sorts of protocols may also be employed. The aspects communicated by the management server and content playback device will generally go beyond such basics as mere frequency of retrieval of transport stream files, what tags are involved, or the like. Generally the parameters communicated will include those pertaining to content treatment or security, e.g., AES, Shell-3, TLS1.1, link protection, encryption, hashing, keys, etc. 
         [0054]    A next step is that the management server receives a request for a list of services ( 96 ) from the content playback device, or such may be set to be a default action. As noted, the services themselves may, when selected, lead to streaming directly. In other cases, selection of a service from the list leads to display of a corresponding set of assets provided by the service. A grid of available content may also be presented, e.g., organized by whether the content items are video-on-demand, real-time live streaming, upcoming in the future, or the like. In any case, in response to the request, the service list and optional asset list may be provided to a content playback device (step  102 ). A client device then requests an asset or content item, and the request is received at the server (step  104 ). A URI corresponding to the selected asset is provided to the client device, the URI providing a network location for retrieval of the appropriate streaming files (step  106 ). Advertisements or recommendations may then be sent along with the streaming files, tailored by information in the user account as described above (step  108 ). If the content playback device is acting in a way that indicates a malicious attack on the system, such may be determined and appropriate actions taken (step  114 ). 
         [0055]    In some implementations, a proxy URI may be provided to hide the actual network location of streaming files (step  116 ). In other words, the URI is set to be some network location xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, and the same is that with which the client approaches the content delivery network. The service provider or content delivery network then employs a lookup table where xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is translated to the real content URI. That is, the information from the client is mapped to a real URI. A hacker of the client system could only obtain xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, and with just that URI, the content delivery network will not deliver the actual URI. It will be understood that variations of the above are also possible, including where the network location xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is replaced with a relative location within a namespace. 
         [0056]      FIG. 3  also indicates that an initial step may be undertaken by the management server of delivering a media encoder and segmenting module to the service provider or content delivery network (step  112 ). In this way, prior to any requests for content being received, live streaming content may be formatted in an appropriate manner for transport to IPTV client devices. 
         [0057]    It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that not all steps described above (or in any of the flowcharts below) need be undertaken in any particular implementation, and the order of steps may vary to a certain extent as well. 
         [0058]      FIG. 4  illustrates a flowchart  74  of a related implementation according to the principles described here. In a first step, an encoder or segmenter module is provided to a service provider or content delivery network, and content enters the media encoder system (step  118 ). The content may be, e.g., a live stream, or may include prerecorded content. A media encoder system encodes the stream into, e.g., an MPEG-2 TS stream (step  122 ). The stream is segmented into one or more streams or files. An index file is generated that contains URIs to the segmented files (step  126 ). The index file may be encrypted and uploaded into a web server folder (step  128 ). 
         [0059]    A request for content is received from a client device (step  132 ). The client device is authenticated (step  134 ), and support for streaming is indicated (step  136 ). The client device receives the list of streaming services (step  138 ), and a service is selected (step  142 ). An optional asset list and selection may then occur (not shown). 
         [0060]    Data which is provided to the content playback device generally includes a mixed list of streaming and video-on-demand content (step  144 ). While such display is described in greater detail below, it is noted here that the list may include prior content, now stored and provided as video-on-demand, live streaming content, as well as indications of streaming content accessible in the future. In many cases, a service provider may mandate that certain streaming assets are only available in one form or another, e.g., only available as live streaming content or only available as video on demand. In the same way, pricing and subscription models may differ for the respective types. 
         [0061]    Upon selection of an asset, the management server or service provider generally performs authentication for the given service and/or asset (step  146 ), and upon authentication, the client is provided with the needed URI and can decrypt the encrypted .ts file and begin streaming the asset (step  148 ). 
         [0062]    As noted above, a denial of service module  56  may be employed in a method of detecting malicious conduct by a client device  12 , and  FIGS. 5 and 6  provide an illustration of such a system  80 . In  FIG. 5 , the management server  40  is shown in partial view with its denial of service module  56  and service manager module  66 . A client device  12  is illustrated accessing the management server and service provider  30 , as well as receiving content from a service provider&#39;s content delivery network  72 . It will be understood that a content delivery network  72  may be associated with one or with several service providers. The description of  FIG. 5  is made in conjunction with the description of the flowchart  90  of  FIG. 6 . 
         [0063]    Upon presentation of a TV_ID, associated with the electronic serial number or “ESN”, by client device  12  to the service manager module  66  (step  166 ), a user token is generated and sent to the client device (step  168 ). The user token is presented to a service provider  30  (step  172 ) and the service provider responds by issuing the service token. After selection of a service and asset, a URI is delivered back to the client device  12  (step  174 ). The client device  12  then retrieves the stream from the URI, e.g., by reading the M3U8 file and obtaining stream locations therefrom (step  176 ). The content items are then streamed to the client (step  178 ). 
         [0064]    However, certain activity by the client device  12  may be consistent with malicious activity, and the same may be flagged and counter actions taken. For example, if the client device  12  repeatedly asserts the same user token to the service provider  30 , resulting in a large number of URIs being returned (step  182 ), such activity may be noted as suspicious by the service provider. The uniqueness of the user token allows the service provider to identify the client device as the user token includes the ESN. Besides the number of user token assertions, the management server may also note if a duplicate TV_ID has been presented (step  183 ). In other words, if the authentic client device were somehow hacked, its TV_ID may be stolen or counterfeit and presented again to the management server, shown in the figure as “faked” client device  12 ′. The management server may then note such a duplicate TV_ID and flag the same. 
         [0065]    A number of actions may be taken. For example, a separate communication may be made by the service provider  30  to the management server  40  to assert a “get user data” call (step  184 ), to obtain more information about the potentially malicious user. Following this, the management server may update its own database to be alert for suspicious activity from the user account. In addition, the service provider may request that a new user token be obtained (step  188 ), which would require the client device to make a new request for the same from the management server. If the management server continues to see such new requests, the management server can again flag the user account, and again the perpetrators of the malicious attack can be isolated by analysis of any of the user tokens provided. As a further counteraction, if the service provider  30  suspects malicious activity, the service provider may issue a new service token (step  186 ), which may then also be employed for identification of a perpetrator. 
         [0066]    After a service provider&#39;s streaming or video-on-demand content has been made available to be consumed, e.g., by being placed into web folders with an appropriate index file and transport stream files, a client content playback device, such as an IPTV, may be enabled to access, obtain, and consume the content. To provide this capability, definitions may be provided to specify streaming content as well as the client device&#39;s support for such content. It is noted that such definitions may apply to any content, and not just streaming content. It is also noted that such definitions may provide features beyond just how a client and server interacts with a piece of content. Such may also provide features on how content items are presented on the client. In such a presentation, both an asset list may be provided as well as asset information. In an asset list, it may be indicated if the content item is live or video-on-demand, and thus can be presented on the above-noted grids accordingly. Moreover, when an asset is selected, additional information may be provided to the user. Such user interface grids are discussed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/360,295, filed on even date herewith, entitled “SYSTEM, METHOD, AND INFRASTRUCTURE FOR REAL-TIME LIVE STREAMING CONTENT”, owned by the assignee of the present application and herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
         [0067]    The flowchart  100  of  FIG. 7  illustrates one way in which streaming content may be specified. In particular, for each asset to be streamed, the service provider needs to provide at least one definition of source, protocol, and type (step  192 ). For example, instead of merely specifying and delivering content using a protocol such as HTTP and a particular file type, the system may provide a full system of features from the management server including use of an asset list API, asset information API, along with a protocol such as HTTPS and security such as a hash value or checksum. In this way, an existing asset specification may be integrated with streaming assets, including live streaming assets. 
         [0068]    The service provider may then make its streaming content available to content playback devices by adding definitions to management server API responses. Exemplary such definitions are illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10  for apiContent and apiInformation API responses. In these exemplary definitions, &lt;source&gt; attributes streams_types=“HTTPLS”; protocol=“https”; and metafile_types=“M3U8” are employed to identify the content as, e.g., live streaming content. In addition, the &lt;source&gt; value may contain the URI to an .m3u8 file. It is stressed that these particular protocols and file types are merely exemplary and that any such protocol and file type may be employed according to the requirements of the application. 
         [0069]    In response to a request for an asset, the ability of the content playback device to support streaming may be determined, e.g., by analysis of a TV_ID (step  194 ). Such abilities may be specified at the asset level, which allows specification of where the content should appear in, e.g., a user interface menu, in contrast to specifying at higher levels, which allows less delineation or distinguishing of content. In the example above, in order for a client device to stream such content, the same must support the M3U8 metafile type as well as use the HTTPS protocol. 
         [0070]    Once the service provider has determined that the client supports streaming content, the service provider returns sufficient information to allow the device to make a call to retrieve the asset (step  196 ). In other words, the service provider returns the correct assets list or asset. In the example above, the client makes a apiContent or apiInformation API call using HTTP to the URI of the .m3u8 file to retrieve content to be played. 
         [0071]      FIG. 8  illustrates a more detailed flowchart  110  in which the general procedure is detailed. A first step is that a service provider makes content or assets available (step  198 ). In so doing, the service provider places the encoded and segmented files in an appropriate web folder (step  202 ). Such a web folder may be at the service provider or within a content delivery network or in some other network accessible location. The service provider then adds definitions to API responses to management server calls (step  204 ). Of course, the definitions may have been added as an initial matter before any content was in place or accessible. For example, the service provider may add responses to calls such as apiContent and apiInformation (step  206 ). In this way, the service provider identifies the content as streaming content (step  208 ). Specific definitions may be included as detailed above. 
         [0072]    The client device then indicates its support for streaming content (step  212 ). Such may be part of the initial identification login and authentication procedure for client devices with the management server. Upon request, such as when a client makes a apiContent API call to retrieve content (step  216 ), an assets list may be returned (step  214 ). Exemplary apiContent and apiInformation API calls are illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10 , as code sections  120  and  130 , respectively. 
         [0073]    Details of Certain Components Will Now be Described. 
         [0074]    The content playback device  12  can take many forms, and multiple content playback devices can be coupled to and selected from within a given local network. Exemplary content playback devices may include, e.g., an IPTV, a digital TV, a digital sound system, a digital entertainment system, a digital video recorder, a video disc player, a combination of these, or any number of other electronic devices addressable by a user on the local network  16  and capable of delivering an ad over the Internet. The same may also include more traditional video and audio systems that have been appropriately configured for connectivity. For the sake of simplicity, in this specification, the content playback device  12  will generally be exemplified by an IPTV, in which case the same will generally include a processor that controls a visual display and an audio renderer such as a sound processor and one or more speakers. The processor may access one or more computer-readable storage media such as but not limited to RAM-based storage, e.g., a chip implementing dynamic random access memory (DRAM), flash memory, or disk-based storage. Software code implementing present logic executable by the content playback device  12  may also be stored on various memories to undertake present principles. The processor can receive user input signals from various input devices including a second display, a remote control device, a point-and-click device such as a mouse, a keypad, etc. A TV tuner may be provided in some implementations, particularly when the content playback device  12  is an IPTV, to receive TV signals from a source such as a set-top box, satellite receiver, cable head end, terrestrial TV signal antenna, etc. Signals from the tuner are then sent to the processor for presentation on the display and sound system. A network interface such as a wired or wireless modem communicates with the processor to provide connectivity to the Internet through the local network  16 . It will be understood that communications between the content playback device  12  and the Internet  26 , or between the second display and the Internet, may also take place through means besides the local network  16 . For example, the second display may communicate with the content playback device  12  through a separate mobile network. 
         [0075]    The one or more second displays each bear a processor and components necessary to operate an application for service provider and content selection. In particular, the processor in the second display may access one or more computer-readable storage media such as but not limited to RAM-based storage, e.g., a chip implementing dynamic random access memory (DRAM), flash memory, or disk-based storage. Software code implementing present logic executable by the second display may also be stored on various memories to undertake present principles. The second display  14   i  can receive user input signals from various input devices including a point-and-click device such as a mouse, a keypad, a touch screen, a remote control, etc. A network interface such as a wired or wireless modem communicates with the processor to provide connectivity to wide area networks such as the Internet  26  as noted above. 
         [0076]    The servers, e.g., the management server  40  and content server  22 , have respective processors accessing respective computer-readable storage media which may be, without limitation, disk-based and/or solid state storage. The servers communicate with a wide area network such as the Internet  26  via respective network interfaces. The servers may mutually communicate via the Internet  26 . In some implementations, two or more of the servers may be located on the same local network, in which case they may communicate with each other through the local network without accessing the Internet. 
         [0077]    It is noted that the various modules discussed above with respect to, e.g., the servers, may be implemented in a number of ways. In some cases, module functions may overlap, or module functions may be shared between servers or between a content playback device or second display and a server. Other module functions will also be understood. 
         [0078]    Moreover, any module described may generally be represented by one or more physical memories, and such memories are generally addressable by physical or logical addresses. Suitable computing environments may also be implemented as part of cloud architectures. 
         [0079]    Systems and methods have been disclosed that allow improvement of the user experience of the IPTV without adding to the hardware costs of the unit. As disclosed above, users may employ the system and method to receive streamed and video-on-demand content. Systems and methods according to the principles described here provide a methodology and protocol for a service provider to specify streaming content, e.g., live streaming content, and to allow a content playback device to access, obtain, and play the same. In this way, the service provider is enabled to integrate streaming content into an existing management server ecosystem in a convenient fashion. Moreover, the systems and methods described provide specifications for IPTV devices to reliably obtain and play live streaming audiovisual content without significant, or any, modifications. 
         [0080]    One implementation includes one or more programmable processors and corresponding computing system components to store and execute computer instructions, such as to execute the code that provides the various server functionality, e.g., that of the management server  18  or content server  22 . Referring to  FIG. 11 , a representation of an exemplary computing environment  140  for a server, second display or other such computing devices is illustrated. 
         [0081]    The computing environment includes a controller  218 , a memory  222 , storage  226 , a media device  232 , a user interface  238 , an input/output (I/O) interface  242 , and a network interface  244 . The components are interconnected by a common bus  266 . Alternatively, different connection configurations can be used, such as a star pattern with the controller at the center. 
         [0082]    The controller  218  includes a programmable processor and controls the operation of the servers and their components. The controller  218  loads instructions from the memory  222  or an embedded controller memory (not shown) and executes these instructions to control the system. 
         [0083]    Memory  222 , which may include non-transitory computer-readable memory  224 , stores data temporarily for use by the other components of the system. In one implementation, the memory  222  is implemented as DRAM. In other implementations, the memory  222  also includes long-term or permanent memory, such as flash memory and/or ROM. 
         [0084]    Storage  226 , which may include non-transitory computer-readable memory  228 , stores data temporarily or long-term for use by other components of the servers, such as for storing data used by the system. In one implementation, the storage  226  is a hard disc drive or a solid state drive. 
         [0085]    The media device  232 , which may include non-transitory computer-readable memory  234 , receives removable media and reads and/or writes data to the inserted media. In one implementation, the media device  232  is an optical disc drive or disc burner, e.g., a writable Blu-ray® disc drive  236 . 
         [0086]    The user interface  238  includes components for accepting user input, e.g., the user indications of streaming content item, and presenting service lists, asset categories, and assets to the user. In one implementation, the user interface  238  includes a keyboard, a mouse, audio speakers, and a display. The controller  218  uses input from the user to adjust the operation of the servers. 
         [0087]    The I/O interface  242  includes one or more I/O ports to connect to corresponding I/O devices, such as external storage or supplemental devices, e.g., a printer or a PDA. In one implementation, the ports of the I/O interface  242  include ports such as: USB ports, PCMCIA ports, serial ports, and/or parallel ports. In another implementation, the I/O interface  242  includes a wireless interface for wireless communication with external devices. These I/O interfaces may be employed to connect to one or more content playback devices. 
         [0088]    The network interface  244  allows connections with the local network and optionally with content playback device  12  and includes a wired and/or wireless network connection, such as an RJ-45 or Ethernet connection or “Wi-Fi” interface (802.11). Numerous other types of network connections will be understood to be possible, including WiMax, 3G or 4G, 802.15 protocols, 802.16 protocols, satellite, Bluetooth®, or the like. 
         [0089]    The servers and the second displays may include additional hardware and software typical of such devices, e.g., power and operating systems, though these components are not specifically shown in the figure for simplicity. In other implementations, different configurations of the devices can be used, e.g., different bus or storage configurations or a multi-processor configuration. 
         [0090]    Various illustrative implementations of the present invention have been described. However, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that additional implementations are also possible and are within the scope of the present invention. For example, while the systems and methods have been disclosed with respect to service and asset choices made by a client device, i.e., a content playback device, e.g., an IPTV, it will be understood that such service and asset choices may also be made by a second display presenting appropriate authentication credentials to a management server, as disclosed in assignee&#39;s co-pending US patent applications incorporated by reference above, owned by the assignee of the present application and herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. Moreover, while URIs have been discussed as ways to access streaming and video-on-demand content from service providers or content delivery networks, it will be understood that the URL subset of URIs will often be that which is returned to clients for access. 
         [0091]    Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to only those implementations described above.