Abstract:
The present invention provides a novel operational system and electronic architectural model for organizing and improving viewing and editing of time-based video media and for overcoming the detriments required by the previous film and video industry based editing technologies. The present system enables an operator to manipulate the visual and audio perception of underlying video and audio data without changing the same. A series of metadata modules enable real-time operation and editing of video data and control of a play back module as well as an improved sharing, viewing, searching, and showing of underlying video and audio data.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application relates to and claims priority from the following pending applications; PCT/US07/65387 filed Mar. 28, 2007 (Ref Motio.P001PCT) which in turn claims priority from U.S. Prov. App. No. 60/787,105 filed Mar. 28, 2006 (Ref. Motio.P001), PCT/US07/65391 filed Mar. 28, 2007 (Ref. Motio.P002PCT) which in turn claims priority from U.S. Prov. App. No. 60/787,069 filed Mar. 28, 2006 (Ref Motio.P002); PCT/US07/65534 filed Mar. 29, 2007 (Ref. Motio.P003PCT) which in turn claims priority from U.S. Prov. App. No. 60/787,393 filed Mar. 29, 2006 (Ref Motio.P003), PCT/US07/76339 filed Aug. 20, 2007 (Ref. Motio.P004PCT) which in turn claims priority from U.S. Prov. App. No. 60/822,925 filed Aug. 18, 2006 (Ref Motio.P004), PCT/US07/68042 filed May 2, 2007 (Ref Motio.P005PCT which in turn claims priority from U.S. Prov. App. No. 60/746,193 filed May 2, 2006 (Ref. Motio.P005), and U.S. Prov. App. No. 60/822,927 filed Aug. 19, 2006 (Ref. Motio.P006), the contents of each of which are fully incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to an operational system and computer system architecture for improved manipulation of video and other time-based media and associated time-based metadata. More specifically, the present invention relates a system and architectural model for organizing a method for manipulating, editing and viewing video and other time-based media and associated time-based metadata and edits thereto without changing initially secured and underlying video data wherein a series of user interfaces, an underlying operative program module and a supportive data module are provided within a cohesive operating system. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Consumers are shooting more and more personal video using camera phones, webcams, digital cameras, camcorders and other devices, but consumers are typically neither skilled videographers nor are they able or willing to learn complex, traditional video editing and processing tools like Apple iMovie or Windows Movie Maker. Nor are most users willing to watch most video “VCR-style”, that is, in a steady steam of unedited, undirected, unlabeled video. 
         [0006]    Thus consumers are being faced with a problem that will be exacerbated as both the number of videos shot and the length of those videos grows (supported by increased processing speeds, memory and bandwidth in end-user devices such as cell phones and digital cameras) while the usability of editing tools lags behind. The result will be more and longer video files whose usability will continue to be limited by the inability to locate, access, label, discuss and share granular sub-segments of interest within the longer videos in an overall library of videos. 
         [0007]    In the absence of editing tools for the videos, adding titles and comments to the videos as a whole does not adequately address the difficulties within the present technology as will become aware to those of skill in the art who recognize the technological challenges illustrated herein after reviewing the instant discussion. As an example of the challenges currently unmet within the present technology, there may be only three 15-second segments of interest scattered throughout a 10 minute long, unedited video. A special problem, recognizable by those of skill in the art, is that distinct viewers may find distinct 15-second intervals of interest. 
         [0008]    The challenge faced by viewers is to find those few short segments of video which are of interest to them at that time without being required to scan through the many sections which are not of interest. 
         [0009]    The reciprocal challenge is for users to help each other find those interesting segments of video. As evidenced by the broad popularity of chat rooms, blogs etc. viewers want a forum in which they can express their views about content to each other, that is, to make comments. Due to the time-based nature of the video, expressing interest levels, entering and tracking comments and/or tags or labels on subsegments in time of the video or other time-based media is a unique and previously unsolved problem. Based on the disclosure herein, those of skill in the art should recognize that such time-variant metadata has properties very different from non-time-variant metadata and will require substantially distinct mechanisms and systems to manipulate and manage it. 
         [0010]    Additional challenges described in Applicant&#39;s incorporated references apply equally well here including especially: 
         [0011]    a. the fact that video and accompanying audio is a time-dependent, four dimensional object which needs to be viewed, manipulated and managed by users on a two-dimensional screen when time is precious to the user who does not wish to watch entire, unedited videos (discussed in detail below with regard to the special complexities of digitally encoded video with synchronized audio (referred to as DEVSA data); 
         [0012]    b. the wide diversity of capabilities of the user devices which users wish to use to watch such videos ranging from PCs to cell phones (as noted further below); and 
         [0013]    c. the need for any proposed solution to be able to be structured for ready adaptation and re-encodation to accommodate the rapidly changing capabilities of the end-user devices and of the networks which support them. 
         [0014]    Those with skill in the art should recognize the more generic terminology “time-based media” which encompasses not only video with synchronized audio but also audio alone plus also a range of animated graphical media forms ranging from sequences of still images to what is commonly called ‘cartoons’. All of these forms are addressed herein. The terms, video, time-based media, and digitally encoded video with synchronized audio (DEVSA) are used as terms of convenience within this application with the intention to encompass all examples of time-based media. 
         [0015]    A further challenge is that video processing uses a lot of computer power and special hardware often not found on personal computers. Video processing also requires careful hardware and software configuration by the consumer. Consumers need ways to edit video without having to learn new skills, buy new software or hardware, become expert systems administrators or dedicate their computers to video processing for great lengths of time. 
         [0016]    Consumers have been limited to editing and sharing video that they could actually get onto their computers, which requires the right kind of hardware to handle their own video and also requires physical movement of media and encoding if they wish to use video shot by another person or is taken from stock libraries. 
         [0017]    When coupled with the special complexities of digitally encoded video with synchronized audio the requirements for special hardware, difficult processing and storage demands combine to reverse the common notion of using “free desktop MIPS and GBs” to relieve central servers. Unfortunately, for video review and editing the desktop is just is not enough for most users. The cell phone is certainly not enough, nor is the personal digital assistant (PDA). There is, therefore, a need for an improved system and architectural model for shared viewing and editing of time-based media. 
         [0018]    Those with skill in the conventional arts will readily understand that the terms “video” and “time-based media” as used herein are terms of convenience and should be interpreted generally below to mean DEVSA including content in which the original content is graphical. 
         [0019]    This application addresses a unique consumer and data model and other systems that involve manipulation of time-based media. As introduced above, those of skill in the art reviewing this application will understand that the detailed discussion below addresses novel methods of receiving, managing, storing, manipulating and delivering digitally encoded video with synchronized audio. (Conveniently referred to as “digitally encoded video with synchronized audio” (DEVSA)). Those of skill in the art will also recognize that a focus of the present application is, in parallel with the actions applied to the DEVSA, to provide a novel system architecture and data model to gather, analyze, process, store, distribute and present to users a variety of novel and useful forms of information (referred to as metadata) concerning that DEVSA which information is synchronized to the internal time of DEVSA and multiply linked to the users both as individuals and as groups (defined in a variety of ways) which information enables them to utilize the DEVSA in a range of novel and useful manners, all without changing the originally encoded DEVSA. 
         [0020]    In order to understand the concepts provided by the present, and related inventions within the inventive family, those of skill in the art should understand that DEVSA data is fundamentally distinct from and much more complex than data of those types more commonly known to the public and processed by computers such as basic text, numbers, or even photographs, and as a result requires novel techniques and solutions to achieve commercially viable goals (as will be discussed more fully below). 
         [0021]    Techniques (editing, revising, compaction, etc.) previously applied to these other forms of data types cannot be reasonably extended due to the complexity of the DEVSA data, and if commonly known forceful extensions are orchestrated, they would
       Be ineffective in meeting users&#39; objectives and/or   Be economically infeasible for non-professional users and/or   Make the so-rendered DEVSA data effectively inoperable in a commercially realistic manner.       
 
         [0025]    Therefore a person skilled in the art of text or photo processing cannot easily extend the techniques that person knows to DEVSA. 
         [0026]    What is proposed for the present invention is a new architecture for managing, storing, manipulating, operating with and delivering, etc. DEVSA data and novel kinds of metadata associated with, linked to and, in many cases, synchronized with said DEVSA. As will be discussed herein the demonstrated state-of-the-art in DEVSA processing suffers from a variety of existing, fundamental challenges associated with known DEVSA data operations. The differences between DEVSA and other data types and the consequences thereof are discussed in the following paragraphs. These challenges affect not only the ability to manipulate the DEVSA itself but also to manipulate associated metadata linked to the internals of the DEVSA. Hence those of skill in the art not only face the challenges associated with dealing with DEVSA but also face the challenges of new metadata forms such as deep tagging, synchronized commenting, visual browsing and social browsing as discussed herein and in Applicant&#39;s related applications. 
         [0027]    This application does not address new techniques for digitally encoding video and/or audio or for decoding DEVSA. There is related art in this area that can provide a basic understanding of the same and those of skill in the electronic arts know these references. Those of skill in the art will understand however that more efficient encoding/decoding to save storage space and to reduce transmission costs only serves to greatly exacerbate the problems of operating on DEVSA and having to re-save revised DEVSA data at each step of an operation if the DEVSA must be decoded, modified and re-encoded to perform any of those operations and as such are in direct contrast to the teachings of the present invention. 
         [0028]    A distinguishing point about video and, by extension, stored DEVSA is to emphasize that video or DEVSA represents an object with four dimensions: X, Y, A-audio, and T-time, whereas photos can be said to have only two dimensions (X, Y) and can be thought of as a single object that has two spatial dimensions but no time dimension. 
         [0029]    With video or stored DEVSA, large numbers of pixels arranged in a fixed X-Y plane which vary smoothly with T (time) plus A (audio amplitude over time) also varies smoothly in time in synchrony with the video. For convenience this is often described as a sequence of “frames” (such as 24 frames per second). This is however a fundamentally arbitrary choice (number of “frames” and use of “frame” language) and is a settable parameter at encoding time. In reality the time variance of the pixel&#39;s change with time is limited only by the speed of the semiconductors that sense the light. The difficulty in dealing with mere two dimensional photo technology is therefore so fundamentally different as to have no bearing on the present discussion (even more lacking are text art solutions). 
         [0030]    Before going further it is also important for those of skill in the art to understand the scale of these DEVSA data elements that sets them apart from text or photo data elements and why this scale is so extremely difficult to manage. As a first example, a 10 minute video at 24 “frames” per second would contain 14,400 frames. At 600×800 pixel resolution, 480,000 pixels, one approaches 7 billion pixel representations. 
         [0031]    When one adds in the fact that each pixel needs 10- to 20 bits to describe it and the need to simultaneously describe the audio track, there is a clear and an impressive need for an invention that addresses both the complexity of the data and the fact that the DEVSA represents not a fixed, single object rather a continuous stream of varying objects spread over time whose characteristics can change multiple times within a single video. To date no viable solutions have been provided which are accessible to the typical consumer, other than very basic functions such as storing pre-encoded video files, manipulating those as fixed files, and executing START and STOP play commands such as those on a video tape recorder. 
         [0032]    While one might have imagined that photos and video offer similar technical challenges, the preceding discussion makes it clear again that the difficulties in dealing with mere two dimensional photos which are fixed in time are therefore so fundamentally different and less challenging as to have no bearing on the present discussion. The preceding sentence applies at least as strongly to the issue of metadata associated with DEVSA. A tag, comment, etc. on an object fixed in time such as a text document or a picture or a photo are well-understood objects (metadata in a broad sense) with clear properties. The available technology has made such things more accessible but has not really changed their nature from that of the printed word on paper: fixed comment tied to fixed object. 
         [0033]    In this and Applicant&#39;s related applications an emphasis is placed on metadata including tags, comments, visual browsing and social browsing information which are synchronized to the internal time-line of the DEVSA including after the DEVSA has been “edited”, all without changing the DEVSA. 
         [0034]    By way of background information, some additional facts about DEVSA should be well understood by those of skill in the art; and these include:
       a. Current decoding technology allows one to select any instant in time within a video and resolve a “snapshot” of that instant, in effect rendering a photo of that instant and to save that rendering in a separate file. As has been shown, for example in surveillance applications, this is a highly valuable technology but it completely fails to address the present needs.   b. It is not possible to take a “snapshot” of audio as it is perceived by a person. Those of skill in the electronic and audio-electronic arts recognize that audio data is a one dimensional data type: (amplitude versus time). It is only that as amplitude changes with time that it is perceivable by a person. Electronic equipment can measure that amplitude if desired for special reasons.       
 
         [0037]    The present application and those related family applications apply to this understanding of DEVSA when the actual video and audio is compressed (as an illustration only) by factors of a thousand or more but remain nonetheless very large files. Due the complex encoding and encodation techniques employed, those files cannot be disrupted or manipulated without a severe risk to the inherent stability of the underlying video and audio content. This explains in part the importance of keeping metadata and DEVSA as separate, linked entities previously unknown in the art. 
         [0038]    The conventional manner in which users edit digitized data, whether numbers, text, graphics, photos, or DEVSA, is to display that data in viewable form, make desired changes to that viewable data directly and then re-save the now-changed data in digitized form. 
         [0039]    The phrase above, “make desired changes to that viewable data”, could also be stated as “make desired changes to the manner in which that data is viewed” because what a user “views” changes because the data changes, which is the normative modality. In contrast to this position, the proposed invention changes the viewing of the data without changing the data itself. The distinction is material and fundamental. 
         [0040]    In conventional data changes, where storage cost is not an issue to the user, the user can choose to save both the original and the changed version. Some sophisticated commercial software for text and number manipulation can remember a limited number of user-changes and, if requested, display and, if further requested, may undo prior changes. 
         [0041]    As an illustrative example only, those of skill in the art should recognize the below comparison between DEVSA and other somewhat related data types. 
         [0042]    The most common data type on computers (originally) was or involved numbers. This problem was well solved in the 1950s on computers and as a material example of this success one can buy a nice calculator today for $9.95 at a local non-specialty store. As another example, both Lotus® and now Excel® software systems now solve most data display problems on the desktop as far as numbers are concerned. 
         [0043]    Today the most common data type on computers is text. Text is a one-dimensional array of data: a sequence of characters. That is, the characters have an X component (no Y or other component). All that matters is their sequence. The way in which the characters are displayed is the choice of the user. It could be on an 8×10 inch page, on a scroll, on a ticker-tape, in a circle or a spiral. The format, font type, font size, margins, etc. are all functions added after the fact easily because the text data type has only one dimension and places only one single logical demand on the programmer, that is, to keep the characters in the correct sequence. 
         [0044]    More recently a somewhat more complex data type has become popular, photos or images. Photos have two dimensions: X and Y. A photo has a set of pixels arranged in a fixed X-Y plane and the relationship among those pixels does not change. Thus, those of skill in the art will recognize that the photo can be treated as a single object and manipulated accordingly. 
         [0045]    While techniques have been developed to allow one to “edit” photos by cropping, brightening, changing tone, etc., those techniques require one to make a new data object, a new “photo” (a newly saved image), in order to store and/or retrieve this changed image. This changed image retains the same restrictions as the original: if one user wants to “edit” the image, the user needs to change the image and re-save it. It turns out that there is little “size”, “space” or “time” penalty to that approach to photos because, compared to DEVSA, images are relatively small and fixed data objects. 
         [0046]    In summary, DEVSA should be understood by those of skill in the art as a type of data with very different characteristics from data representing numbers, text, photos or other commonly found data types. Those differences and their impacts are fundamental to the present disclosure. As a consequence, an extension of ideas and techniques that have been applied to those other, substantially less complex data types have no corollary to those conceptions and solutions noted below. The present invention must be appreciated by those of skill in the art as providing a new manner of (new solution for) dealing with DEVSA type data that both overcomes the detriments of such data noted above and results in a substantial improvement demonstrated via the present system and architectural model. 
         [0047]    The present invention also recognizes the earlier-discussed need for a system to manage and use DEVSA data in a variety of ways while providing extremely rapid response to user input without changing the underlying DEVSA data. 
         [0048]    What is also needed by those of skill in the art is the need for a new manner of dealing with DEVSA that overcomes the challenges inherent in such data and enables immediate and timely response to both initial video and DEVSA data, and that DEVSA and time-based media data that is amended or updated on a continual or rapidly changing basis. 
         [0049]    What is not appreciated by the related art is the fundamental data problem involving DEVSA and current systems for manipulating the same in a consumer responsive manner. 
         [0050]    What is also not appreciated by the related art is the need for providing a data model that accommodates (effectively) all present modern needs involving high speed and high volume video data manipulation and usages. 
         [0051]    Accordingly, there is a need for an improved system and architectural model for shared viewing and editing of time-based media without changing the underlying video media content and which additionally takes into account the time-variant nature of the incorporated metadata. 
       OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0052]    A desire of the present invention is to provide a response to the detriments noted above. 
         [0053]    It is another desire of the present invention to provide an improved video operation system with improved user-interaction over the Internet. 
         [0054]    Another desire of the present invention is to provide an improved system and data model for shared viewing and editing of a time-based media that has been encoded in a standard and recognized manner. 
         [0055]    Another desire of the present invention is to provide a system, data model, and architecture that enables convenient insertion of comments and labels or “tags” which are synchronized with DEVSA as it extends through time. 
         [0056]    What is additionally proposed for the present invention is a new way for managing, storing, manipulating, operating with and delivering, etc. DEVSA data stored in a recognized manner using playback decision tracking with metadata co-linked to particular DEVSA data. 
         [0057]    Another proposal of the present invention is to provide a data system and operational model that enables generation and tracking of multiple and independent (hierarchical) layers of metadata that are stored in a manner linked with video data that affect the way the video is played back to a user at a specific time and place without changing the underlying stored video reference. 
         [0058]    It is another desire of the present invention to propose a system and architectural model that tracks (with metadata and playback decision tracking) individual user preferences on how to view video. 
         [0059]    Another desire of the present invention is to enable a system for tagging video data to identify a specific user, in a specific hierarchy, in a specific modality (soccer, kids, fun, location, family, etc) while enabling a sharable or defined group interaction. 
         [0060]    Another desire of the present invention is to enable a operative system that determines playback decision lists (PDLs) and enables their operation both in real-time on-line viewing of DEVSA data and also enables sending the PDL logic to an end user device for execution on that local device to minimize total bit transfer at each viewing event thereby further minimizing response time. 
         [0061]    The present invention relates to a novel operational system and electronic architectural model for organizing and improving viewing and editing of video or other time-based media and for overcoming the detriments required by the previous editing techniques utilized in the film and video industries. The present system enables an operator to manipulate the visual and audio perception of underlying video and audio data without changing the same. A series of metadata modules enable real-time operation and editing of video data and control of a play back module as well as an improved sharing, viewing, searching, and showing of underlying video and audio data. 
         [0062]    According to one optional aspect of the present invention, there is provided an operational system for improving manipulation of video and time-based media, comprising, a means for receiving user uploaded video media in an operational environment, means for encoding and storing encoded video media in an initial state, means for uploading, encoding, and storing metadata and playback decision lists (PDLs) data relating to the video media, means for controlling at least one of a display control and a play control of the video media, and means for interacting with the encoded video media, whereby the means for interacting includes means for generating at least one of the metadata and the personal decision list and for storing the at least one in a storage medium. 
         [0063]    The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate the same elements. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0064]      FIG. 1  represents an illustrative flow diagram for an operational system and architectural model for one aspect of the present invention. 
           [0065]      FIG. 2  represents an illustrative flow diagram of an interactive system and data model for shared viewing and editing of encoded video or other time-based media enabling a smooth interaction between a video media user and the underlying stored DEVSA data along with linked metadata. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0066]    Reference will now be made in detail to several embodiments of the invention that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts or steps. The drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale. For purposes of convenience and clarity only, directional terms, such as top, bottom, up, down, over, above and below may be used with respect to the drawings. These and similar directional terms should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention in any manner. The words “connect,” “couple,” and similar terms with their inflectional morphemes do not necessarily denote direct and immediate connections, but also include connections through mediate elements or devices. 
         [0067]    Before going further, and in order to fully appreciate the major innovation described in this and the related applications, it is necessary to introduce a new enabling concept which is referred to as the Playback Decision List or hereafter “PDL.” The PDL is a portion of metadata contained within a data model or operational system for manipulating related video data and for driving, for example, a flash player to play video data in a particular way without requiring a change in the underlying video data (DEVSA). This new concept of a PDL is best understood by considering its predecessor concepts that originated years ago in film production and are used today by expert film and video directors and editors. 
         [0068]    The predecessor concept is an Edit Decision List or EDL. It is best described with reference to the production of motion picture. In such a production many scenes are filmed, often several times each, in a sequence that has no necessary relationship to the story line of the movie. Similarly, background music, special effects and other add-ons are produced and recorded or filmed independently. Each of those film and audio elements is carefully labeled and timed with master lists. 
         [0069]    When these master lists are complete, the film&#39;s director and editor sit down, often for a period of months, and review each element while gradually writing down and creating and revising an EDL which is a very detailed list, second by second, of which film sequences will be spliced together in what sequence perhaps with audio added to make up the entire film. Additionally, each sequence may have internal edits required such as fade-in/out, zoom-in/out, brighten, raise audio level and so on. The end result is an EDL. Technicians use the EDL to, literally in the case of motion picture to cut and paste together the final product. Some clips are just cut and “left on the cutting room floor.” Expert production of commercial video follows a very similar approach. 
         [0070]    The fundamental point of an EDL is that one takes segments of film or video and audio and possibly other elements and links them together to create a new stream of film or video, audio, etc. The combining is done at the film or video level, often physically. The original elements very likely were cut, edited, cropped, faded in/out, or changed in some other manner and may no longer even exist in their original form. 
         [0071]    This EDL technique has proven to be extremely effective in producing high quality film and video. It requires a substantial commitment of human effort, typically many staff hours per hour of final media and is immensely costly. It further requires that the media elements to be edited be kept in viewable/hearable form in order to be edited properly. Such an approach is economically impossible when dealing with large quantities of consumer produced video. The PDL concept introduced herein provides a fundamentally different way to obtain a similar end result. The final “quality” of the video will depend on the skill and talent of the editor nonetheless. 
         [0072]    The PDL incorporates as metadata associated with the DEVSA all the edit commands, tags, commentary, permissions, etc. introduced by a user via a User Interface (as will be discussed). It is critical to recognize that multiple users may introduced edit commands, tags, commentary, permissions, etc. all related to the same DEVSA without changing the underlying video data. The User Interface and the structure of the PDL allow a single PDL to retrieve data from multiple DEVSA. 
         [0073]    The result is that a user can define, for example, what is displayed as a series of clips from multiple original videos strung together into a “new” video without ever changing the original videos nor creating a new DEVSA file. Since multiple users can create PDLs against the same DEVSA files, the same body of original videos can be displayed in many different ways without the need to create new DEVSA files. These “new” videos can be played from a single or from multiple DEVSA files to a variety of end-user devices through the use of software and/or hardware decoders which are commercially available. For performance or economic reasons, copies or transcodings of certain DEVSA files may be created or new DEVSA files may be rendered from an edited segment, to better serve specific end-user devices without changing the design or implementation of the invention in a significant manner. 
         [0074]    Since multiple types of playback mechanisms are likely to be needed such as one for PCs, one for cell phones and so on, the programming model will create a “master PDL” from which algorithms can create multiple variations of the PDL suitable for each of the variety of playback mechanisms as needed. The PDL executes as a set of instructions to the video player. 
         [0075]    As discussed earlier, in certain cases it is advantageous to download an encoded file in a form suitable to a specific device type rather than stream a display in real time. In the “download” case, the system will create the file using the PDL and the DEVSA, re-encode it in the appropriate format, and then send that encoded file to the end-user device where it is stored until the user chooses to play it. This “download” case is primarily a change in the mode of delivery rather a fundamentally distinct methodology. 
         [0076]    One crucial innovation introduced by proposed PDL is that it controls the way the DEVSA is played to any specific user at any specific Multiple PDLs can exist for each DEVSA file and any PDL can control multiple DEVSA files. It is a control list for the DEVSA player (flash player or other video player). All commands (edits, sequences, tags, comments, permissions, etc.) are executed at playback time while the underlying DEVSA does not change. This makes the PDL in stark contrast to an EDL which is a set of instructions to create a new DEVSA out of previously existing elements. 
         [0077]    Having completed the overall supporting discussion, reference is made now to  FIG. 1 , an architectural review of a system model  100  for improving manipulation and operations of video and time-based DEVSA data. It should be understood, that the term “video” is sometimes used below as a term of convenience and should be interpreted to mean DEVSA, or more broadly time-based media. 
         [0078]    In viewing the technological architecture of system model  100 , those of skill in the art will recognize that an end-user  101  may employ a range of known user device types  102  (such as PCs, cell phones, PDAs, iPods et al.) to create and view DEVSA/video data. 
         [0079]    Devices  102  include a plurality of user interfaces, operational controls, video management requirements, programming logic, local data storage for diverse DEVSA formats, all represented via capabilities  103 . 
         [0080]    Capabilities  103  enable a user of a device  102  to perform multiple interaction activities  104  relative to a data network  105 . These activities  104  are dependent upon the capacities  103  of devices  102 , as well as the type of data network  105  (wireless, dial, DSL, secure, non-secure, etc.). 
         [0081]    Activities  104  including upload, display, interact, control, etc. of video, audio and other data via some form of data network  105  suited to the user device in a manner known to those of skill in the art. The user&#39;s device  102 , depending on the capabilities and interactions with the other components of the overall architecture system  100 , will provide  103  portions of the user interface, program logic and local data storage. 
         [0082]    Other functions are performed within the system environment represented at  107  which typically will operate on servers at central locations while allowing for certain functionality to be distributed through data network  105  as technology allows and performance and economy suggest without changing the architecture and processes as described herein. 
         [0083]    All interactions between system environment  107  and users  101  pass through a user interface layer  108  which provides functionality commonly found on Internet or cell phone host sites such as security, interaction with Web browsers, messaging etc. and analogous functions for other end-user devices. 
         [0084]    As discussed, the present system  100  enables user  101  to perform many functions, including uploading video/DEVSA, audio and other info nation from his end-user device  102  via data network  105  into system environment  107  via a first data path  106 . 
         [0085]    First data path  106  enables an upload of DEVSA/video via program logic upload process loop  110 . Upload process loop  110  manages the uploading process which can take a range of forms. 
         [0086]    For example, in uploading video/DEVSA from a cell phone, the upload process  110  can be via emailing a file via interactions  104  and data network  105 . In a second example, for video captured by a video camera, the video may be transferred from the camera to the user&#39;s PC (both user devices  102 ) and then uploaded from the PC to system environment  107  web site via the Internet in real time or as a background process or as a file transfer. Physical transmission of media is also possible. 
         [0087]    During system operation, after a successful upload via uploading process loop  110 , each video is associated with a particular user  101  and assigned a unique user and upload and video identifier, and passed via pathway  110 A to an encode video process system  111  where it is encoded into one or more standard forms as determined by the system administrators or in response to a user request. The encoded video/DEVSA then passes via conduit  111 A to storage in the DEVSA storage files  112 . At this time, the uploaded, encoded and stored DEVSA data can be manipulated for additional and different display (as will be discussed), without underlying change. As will be more fully discussed below, the present data system  100  may display DEVSA in multiple ways employing a unique player decision list (PDL) for tracking edit commands as metadata without having to re-save, and re-revise, and otherwise modify the initially saved DEVSA. 
         [0088]    Additionally, and as can be viewed from  FIG. 1 , during the upload ( 105 - 106 - 110 ), encodation ( 110 A- 111 ), and storage ( 111 A- 112 ) processes stages of system  100 ; a variety of “metadata” is created about the DEVSA including user ID, video ID, timing information, encoding information including the number and types of encodings, access information, and many other types of metadata, all of which passes via communication paths  114  and  112 A to the metadata/PDL storage facility (ies)  113 . There may be more than one metadata/PDL storage facility. As will be later discussed, the PDL drives the software controller for the video player on the user device via display control  116 /play control  119  (as will be discussed). 
         [0089]    Such metadata will be used repeatedly and in a variety of combinations with other information to manage and display the DEVSA combined with the metadata and other information to meet a range of user requirements. The present system also envisions a controlled capacity to re-encode a revised DEVSA video data set without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. 
         [0090]    It is expected that many users and others including system administrators will upload (over time) many DEVSA to system environment  107  so that a large library of DEVSA (stored in storage  112 ) and associated metadata (stored in storage  113 ) will be created by the process described above. 
         [0091]    Following the same data path  106  users can employ a variety of functions generally noted by interaction with video module  115 . Several types of functionalities  115 A are identified as examples within interact with video module  115 ; including editing, visual browsing, commenting, social browsing, etc. Some of these functions are described in related applications. These functions include the user-controlled design and production of permanent DEVSA media such as DVDs and associated printing and billing actions  117  via a direct data pathway  117 A, as noted. It should be noted that there is a direct data path between the DEVSA files  112  and the functions in  117  (not shown in the Figure for reasons of readability.) 
         [0092]    Many of the other functions  115 A are targeted at online and interactive display of video and other information via data networks. The functions  115  interact with users via communication path  106 ; and it should be recognized that functions  115 A use, create, and store metadata  113  via path  121 . 
         [0093]    User displays are generated by the functions  115 / 115 A via path  122  to a display control  116 , which merges additional metadata via path  121 A, thumbnails (still images derived from videos) from  112  via paths  120 . 
         [0094]    Thumbnail images are created during encoding process  111  and optionally as a real time process acting on the DEVSA without modifying the DEVSA triggered by one of the functions  115 / 115 A (play, edit, comment, etc.). 
         [0095]    Logically the thumbnails are part of the DEVSA, not part of the metadata, but they may be alternatively and adaptively stored as part of metadata in  113 . An output of display control  116  passes via pathway  118  to play control  119  that merges the actual DEVSA from storage  112  via pathway  119 A and sends the information to the data network  105  via pathway  109 . 
         [0096]    Since various end-user devices  102  have distinct requirements, multiple play control modules may easily be implemented in parallel to serve distinct device types. It is also envisioned, that distinct play control modules  119  may merge distinct DEVSA files of the same original video and audio with different encoding via  119 A depending on the type of device being supported. 
         [0097]    It is important to note that interactive functions  115 / 115 A do not link directly to the DEVSA files stored at  112 , only to the metadata/PDL files stored at  113 . The display control function  116  links to the DEVSA files  112  only to retrieve still images. A major purpose of this architecture within system  100 , is that the DEVSA, once encoded, is preferably not manipulated or changed—thereby avoiding the earlier noted concerns with repeated decoding, modifying, re-encoding and re-saving. All interactive capabilities are applied at the time of play control  119  as a read-only process on the DEVSA and transmitted back to user  110  via pathway  109 . 
         [0098]    Those of skill in the art will recognize that when a user creates a permanent media version  117 , playback decision lists PDLs or play back decision preferences, evolve into edit decision lists (EDLs) or instructions that, along with other metadata such as tags and synchronized comments, become tables of contents, indices, section titles or other operative instructions on a fixed media version (DVD) 
         [0099]    Those of skill in the art should recognize the common understanding that tags are metadata which are used to label and identify select portions of a video as desired and perhaps to allow the sequential generation of a video compilation, whereas an EDL or edit decision list may be used to create a new whole media out of a plurality of previously labeled or tagged pieces/snippets. 
         [0100]    It should also be understood, that PDLs and EDLs are different in concept. EDLs are used to define how to encode/create/produce a new, distinct content, whereas PDLs move all decisions into the player to display a distinct content without changing the raw encoded content. 
         [0101]    Referring now to  FIG. 2 , in a manner similar to that discussed with  FIG. 1 , here an electronic system, integrated user interface, programming module and data model  200  describes the likely flows of information and control among various components noted therein. Again, as noted earlier, the term “video” is sometimes used below as a term of convenience and should be interpreted by those of skill in the art to mean DEVSA. 
         [0102]    Here, an end-user  201  may optionally employ a range of user device types  202  such as PCs, cell phones, iPods etc. which provide user  201  with the ability to perform multiple activities  204  including upload, display, interact, control, etc. of video, audio and other data via some form of a data network  205  suited to the particular user device  202 . 
         [0103]    User devices  202 , depending on their capabilities and interactions with the other components of the overall architecture for proper functioning, will provide local  203  portions of the user interface, program logic and local data storage, etc., as will also be discussed. 
         [0104]    Other functions are performed within the proposed system environment  207  which typically operates on one or more servers at central locations while allowing for certain functionality to be distributed through the data network as technology allows and performance and economy suggest without changing the program or data models and processes as described herein. 
         [0105]    As shown, interactions between system environment  207  and users  201  pass through a user interface layer  208  which provides functionality commonly found on Internet or cell phone host sites such as security, interaction with Web browsers, messaging etc. and analogous functions for other end-user devices. 
         [0106]    As noted earlier, users  201  may perform many functions; including video, audio and other data uploading DEVSA from user device  202  via data network  205  into system environment  207  via data path  206 . 
         [0107]    An upload video module  210  provides program logic that manages the upload process which can take a range of foam. For video from a cell phone, the upload process may be via emailing a file via user interface  208  and data network  205 . For video captured by a video camera, the video can be transferred from a camera to a user&#39;s PC and then uploaded from the PC to system environment  207  via the Internet in real time or as a background process or as a file transfer. Physical transmission of media is also possible. 
         [0108]    During operation of system  200 , and after successful upload, each video is associated with a particular user  201 , assigned a unique identifier, and other identifiers, and passed via path  210 A to an encode video process module  211  where it is encoded into one or more standard DEVSA forms as determined by system administrators (not shown) or in response to a particular user&#39;s requests. The encoded video data then passes via pathway  211 A to storage in DEVSA storage files  212 . 
         [0109]    Within DEVSA files in storage  212 , multiple ways of encoding a particular video data stream are enabled; by way of example only, three distinct ways  212 B, labeled D A , D B , D C  are represented. There is no significance to the use of three as an example other than to illustrate that there are various forms of DEVSA encoding and to illustrate this diversity system  200  enables adaptation to any particular format desired by a user and/or specified by system administrators. 
         [0110]    One or more of the multiple distinct methods of encoding may be chosen for a variety of reasons. Some examples are distinct encoding formats to support distinct kinds of end-user devices (e.g., cell phones vs. PCs), encoding to enhance performance for higher and lower speed data transmission, encoding to support larger or smaller display devices. Other rationales known for differing encodation forms are possible, and again would not affect the processes or system and model  200  described herein. A critical point is that the three DEVSA files  212 B labeled D A , D B , D C  are encodings of the same video and synchronized audio using differing encodation structures. As a result, it is possible to store multiple forms of the same DEVSA file in differing formats each with a single encodation process via encodation video  211 . 
         [0111]    Consequent to the upload, encode, store processes a plurality of metadata  213 A is created about that particular DEVSA data stream being uploaded and encoded; including user ID, video ID, timing information, encoding information, including the number and types of encodings, access information etc. which passes by paths  214  and  212 A respectively to the metadata/PDL (playback decision list) storage facilities  213 . Such metadata will be used repeatedly and in a variety of combinations with other information to manage and display the DEVSA combined with the metadata and other information to meet a range of user requirements. 
         [0112]    Thus, as with the earlier embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 , those of skill in the art will recognize that the present invention enables a single encodation (or more if desired) but many metadata details about how the encoded DEVSA media is to be displayed, managed, parsed and otherwise processed. 
         [0113]    It is expected that many users and others including system administrators (not shown) will upload many videos to system environment  207  so that a large library of DEVSA and associated metadata will be created by the process described above. 
         [0114]    Following the same data path  206 , users  201  may employ a variety of program logic functions  215  which use, create, store, search, and interact with the metadata in a variety of ways a few of which are listed as examples including share metadata  215 A, view metadata  215 B, search metadata  215 C, show video  215 D etc. These data interactions utilize data path  221  to the metadata/PDL databases  213 . A major functional portion of the metadata is Playback Decision Lists (PDLs) that are described in detail in other, parallel submissions, each incorporated fully by reference herein. PDLs, along with other metadata, control how the DEVSA is played back to users and may be employed in various settings. 
         [0115]    As was shown in  FIG. 1  many of the other functions in program logic box  215  are targeted at online and interactive display of video and other information via data networks. As was also shown in  FIG. 1 , but not indicated here, similar combinations of metadata and DEVSA can be used to create permanent media (DVD&#39;s, electronic memory tapes, electronic files stored on any medium of use known to those of skill in the art, etc.). 
         [0116]    Thus, those of skill in the art will recognize that the present disclosure also enables a business method for operating a user interface  208 . 
         [0117]    It is the wide variety of metadata, including PDLs, created and then stored which controls the playback of video, not a manipulation of the underlying and encoded DEVSA data. 
         [0118]    In general the metadata will not be dependent on the type of end-user device utilized for video upload or display although such dependence is not excluded from the present disclosure. 
         [0119]    The metadata does not need to incorporate knowledge of the encoded DEVSA data other than its identifiers, its length in clock time, its particular encodings, knowledge of who is allowed to see it, edit it, comment on it, etc. No knowledge of the actual images or sounds contained within the DEVSA is required to be included in the metadata for these processes to work. While this point is of particular novelty, this enabling system  200  is more fully illustrative. 
         [0120]    Such knowledge of the actual images or sounds contained within the DEVSA while not necessary for the operation of the current system enables enhanced functionalities. Those with skill in the art will recognize that such additional knowledge is readily obtained by means of techniques including voice recognition, image and face recognition as well as similar technologies. The new results of those technologies can provide additional knowledge that can then be integrated with the range of metadata discussed previously to provide enhanced information to users within the context of the present invention. The fact that this new form of information was derived from the contents of the encoded time-based media does not imply that the varied edit, playback and other media manipulation techniques discussed previously required any decoding and re-encoding of the DEVSA. Such knowledge of the internal contents of the encoded time-based media can be obtained by decoding with no need to re-encode the original video so the basic premises are not compromised. 
         [0121]    User displays are generated by functions  215  via path  222  to display control  216  which merges additional metadata via path  221 A, thumbnails (still images derived from videos) from DEVSA storage  212  via pathway  220 . (Note that the thumbnail images are not part of the metadata but are derived directly from the DEVSA during the encoding process  211  and/or as a real time process acting on the DEVSA without modifying the DEVSA triggered by one of the functions  215  or by some other process.) Logically the thumbnails are part of the DEVSA, not part of the metadata stored at  213 , but alternative physical storage arrangements are envisioned herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. 
         [0122]    An output of display control  216  passes via pathways  218  to play controller  219 , which merges the actual DEVSA from storage  212  via data path  219 A and sends the information to the data network via  209 . Since various end-user devices have distinct requirements, multiple play control modules may be implemented in parallel to serve distinct device types and enhance overall response to user requests for services. 
         [0123]    Depending on the specific end-user device to receive the DEVSA, the data network it is to traverse and other potential decision factors such as the availability of remote storage, at playback time distinct play control modules will utilize distinct DEVSA such as files D A , D B  or D C  via  219 A. 
         [0124]    The metadata transmitted from display control  216  via  218  to the play control  219  includes instructions to play control  219  regarding how it should actually play the stored DEVSA data and which encoding to use. 
         [0125]    The following is a sample of a PDL—playback decision list—and a tracking of user decisions in metadata on how to display the DEVSA data. Note that two distinct videos (for example) are included here to be played as if they were one. A simple example of typical instructions might be: 
       Instruction (Exemplary): 
       [0126]    Play video 174569, encoding b, time 23 to 47 seconds after start:
       Fade in for first 2 seconds—personal decision made for tracking as metadata on PDL.   Increase contrast throughout—personal decision made for PDL.   Fade out last 2 seconds—personal decision made for PDL.       
 
         [0130]    Play video 174569, encoding b, time 96 to 144 seconds after start
       Fade in for first 2 seconds—personal decision made for PDL.   Increase brightness throughout—personal decision made for PDL.   Fade out last 2 seconds—personal decision made for PDL.       
 
         [0134]    Play video 174573 (a different video), encoding b, time 45 to 74 seconds after start
       Fade in for first 2 seconds—personal decision for PDL.   Enhance color AND reduce brightness throughout, personal decision for PDL.   Fade out last 2 seconds—personal decision for PDL.       
 
         [0138]    The playback decision list (PDLs) instructions are those selected using the program logic functions  215  by users who are typically, but not always, the originator of the video. Note that the videos may have been played “as one” and then have had applied changes (PDLs in metadata) to the visual video impression and unwanted video pieces eliminated. Nonetheless the encoded DEVSA has not been changed or overwritten, thereby minimizing risk of corruption, the expense of re-encoding has been avoided and a quick review and co-sharing of the same (or multiples of) video among multiple video editors and multiple video viewers has been enabled. 
         [0139]    Much other data may be displayed to the user along with the DEVSA including metadata such as the name of the originator, the name of the video, the groups the user belongs to, the various categories the originator and others believe the video might fall into, comments made on the video as a whole or on just parts of the video, deep tags or labels on the video or parts of the video. 
         [0140]    It is important to note that the interactive functions  215  for reviewing and using DEVSA data, do not link to the DEVSA files, only to the metadata files, it is the metadata files that back link to the DEVSA data. Thus, display control function  216  links to DEVSA files at  212  only to retrieve still images. A major purpose of this data architecture and data system  200  imagines that the DEVSA, once encoded via encodation module  211 , is not manipulated or changed and hence speed and video quality are increased, computing and storage costs are reduced. All interactive capabilities are applied at the time of play control that is a read-only process on the DEVSA. 
         [0141]    Those of skill in the art should recognize that in optional modes of the above invention each operative user may share their metadata with others, create new metadata or re-use previously stored metadata for a particular encoded video. 
         [0142]    Those of skill in the art should also recognize that the use of the phrase media is employed as both a singular noun and sometimes a plural noun within a sentence construction, depending upon the construction itself. Those of skill in the art will recognize that the use of media as singular/plural is readily understood from the language construction local thereto. 
         [0143]    Those of skill in the art will additionally recognize, that while the encoding system discussed herein is adaptively linked with the respective system and electronic interface, it will be recognized that each user electronic device necessarily operates with a respective encoding system to achieve the initial time-based media before transmitting the same. Therefore, an alternative embodiment of the present invention will recognize an adaptation wherein the encoding system may be provided additionally by or only by the user electronic device, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. 
         [0144]    In the claims, means- or step-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described or suggested herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Thus, for example, although a nail, a screw, and a bolt may not be structural equivalents in that a nail relies on friction between a wooden part and a cylindrical surface, a screw&#39;s helical surface positively engages the wooden part, and a bolt&#39;s head and nut compress opposite sides of a wooden part, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail, a screw, and a bolt may be readily understood by those skilled in the art as equivalent structures. 
         [0145]    Having described at least one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various changes, modifications, and adaptations may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.