Abstract:
Data processing methods and apparatus for managing vehicle financing are disclosed. The data processing system provides information to assist in granting a loan applicant credit, processes the loan, and determinates at the time of making the loan a residual value of the vehicle at a predetermined option date.

Description:
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 690,841, filed Jan. 11, 1985, entitled DATA PROCESSING METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MANAGING VEHICLE FINANCING. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This application relates to data processing methods and apparatus for managing vehicle (e.g., automobile) financing. 
     Generally, vehicles such as automobiles have been financed through a personal loan system, whereby the purchaser makes a down payment, takes title to the automobile and pays the loan balance in monthly payments which amortize the full amount of the loan. 
     More recently, leasing arrangements have been introduced whereby the lessee makes monthly rental payments, returning the car to the lessor at the end of a predetermined term specified in the lease. No down payment is required, but title to the automobile remains in the lessor. It is sometimes specified in the lease that the lessee may at his option purchase the car for a stated value when the lease expires. The conditions of the lease may also include a charge for abnormal mileage or wear and tear on the automobile. 
     Also well known are systems for financing vehicles (especially automobiles) wherein the loan is secured by a chattel mortgage on the car, monthly payments are relatively low, but at the end of a specified term the entire balance of the loan comes due in one, relatively large &#34;balloon&#34; payment. If the purchaser does not have the financial resources to make this final payment, the purchaser must either refinance, default on the loan and face repossession of the automobile, or sell the car on the open market for whatever price he or she can get, which may not be high enough to meet the final payment. 
     It would be highly desirable to provide a system for financing vehicle purchases requiring relatively low monthly payments, where the purchaser takes title to the vehicle (unlike in a leasing transaction) and which ensures the borrower that at the end of the loan term, the car can be sold at a guaranteed price. To facilitate such a desirable result, it is important that the lender and the purchaser/borrower be placed in a good position to assess the relative risks, costs and benefits of the vehicle purchase and/or loan in a timely fashion, that the loan application be efficiently processed, and that the loan be efficiently administered. 
     In view of the foregoing, it is an object of this invention to provide data processing methods and apparatus for administering vehicle financing which provides for the purchaser to take title to the vehicle and which guarantees the purchaser that at the end of the loan term the vehicle can be sold for a predetermined amount. 
     It is a further object of this invention to provide a computerized system for managing vehicle financing which provides for determination of the loan payment amount; evaluation of a loan applicant&#39;s credit worthiness; follow-up of delinquent accounts; renewal of loan interest terms; determination at the time the loan is made of a car price (&#34;residual value&#34;) guaranteed at the end of the predetermined term of the loan; adjustment of the residual value to take into account kilometers driven; and closing out or refinancing of the original loan at the end of the term. 
     The foregoing and additional advantages of the invention will be apparent from the detailed description which follows. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a system including a programmed data processor is provided for administering a vehicle loan financing transaction, said financing being granted for a specific amount, term and interest rate. The system comprises data entry means for entering information regarding the applicant, vehicle and financing sought; means for determining loan eligibility; means for computing a residual value of the vehicle based upon the type of vehicle and the loan term; means for computing the periodic loan payment amount based on the difference between the total financing sought and the residual value and on the computed periodic interest payments on the residual value; means for monitoring the status of the loan during the term of the loan, including means for determining whether the end of the term has been reached; and means for closing out the loan at the end of the term, including means for optionally applying the residual value to the loan balance. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for administering vehicle financing using a programmable data processor. The method comprises the steps of entering and storing signals representative of data regarding the loan applicant, vehicle, interest rate, loan term and amount of financing sought; computing a residual value of the vehicle based upon the stored signals representative of the vehicle and loan term; computing a periodic principal and interest payment based upon the difference between the total amount of financing sought and the residual value over the loan term including interest thereon; computing the periodic interest on the residual value; processing the periodic principal and interest payment and the periodic interest on the residual value to obtain the periodic loan payment; retrieving financial information concerning the loan applicant from a file of stored information; analyzing said financial information to compute a credit score for use in determining whether to grant credit to the applicant; creating a new loan account; monitoring the status of said loan account to determine when the option date is reached, said option date being the last date of the term of said loan; and at the option of the borrower, applying the residual value to the balance of the loan to close out the loan at the end of the term. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a system is provided for managing vehicle financing, comprising a quantity of financial information stored in a memory, said information being recallable; and a programmed data processor adapted to receive and store coded input data representative of information regarding the vehicle and financing sought, said data processor being further programmed to use said stored financial information and said coded input data to compute a residual value for the vehicle being financed. 
     In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a process is provided for managing vehicle financing, comprising storing recorded signals representative of financial information in data storage means; using a data processor to receive and store coded input data representing information regarding the vehicle and financing sought; and using said coded input data and said stored financial information to compute a residual value for the vehicle being financed at the time of making the loan. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1A and 1B comprise a schematic flow chart of a system for managing vehicle financing in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C comprise a diagram of a typical bank computer system and telecommunications network. 
     FIG. 3 is a diagram of a typical credit bureau computer installation, showing the relation between the credit bureau computer system and the bank computer system. 
     FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the computation of the loan payment amount (&#34;RPA&#34;) and the guaranteed car price at the option date (&#34;residual value&#34;) referred to in FIG. 1A. 
     FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the computation of the excess kilometers charge (&#34;EKC&#34;) referred to in FIG. 1B. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, there is shown an overview of the data processing system of the invention. An automobile financing system is described. However, it will be understood that in addition to automobiles, the data processing system described herein could be applied with only minor modification to the financing of other types of vehicles (e.g., trucks, boats, airplanes, house trailers, mobile homes, recreational vehicles). 
     Broadly, the system may be thought of as having three major functional aspects: (1) providing information to assist in granting a loan applicant credit, (2) processing the loan, and (3) determining at the time of making the loan the residual value of the car at a predetermined &#34;option date&#34; (typically, 36 or 48 months from the date of the purchase) and optionally applying the residual value to the loan balance to close out the loan. These aspects will now be considered in greater detail. 
     In order to decide whether or not to grant an applicant credit for purchase of a car, a number of factors must be considered. When an applicant submits an application for a loan, a determination of car eligibility is performed so that the residual value for the car can be computed. This along with the amount the applicant is borrowing determines the applicant&#39;s monthly loan payment, as described in greater detail below. Having this information, the applicant&#39;s ability to pay is verified through the internal systems of the bank or other lender (hereinafter referred to generically as &#34;the bank&#34;) if the applicant is already a bank client, and/or through credit bureau offices. A credit score is thus determined, and a decision by the bank is made as to whether to grant the loan or decline the application. 
     In processing a loan, an integrated telecommunications link with the bank&#39;s loan accounting and collection systems is established. This allows for automatic monitoring of delinquent accounts and for identifying those loans which are up for renewal, either at the option date or earlier. For variable rate loans, for example, the payment amount may be renewed periodically, e.g., yearly, to bring it into line with changes in interest rates. 
     When the option date is reached, the third functional aspect of the system comes into play. At that time, the client may retain the car, in which case the remaining loan balance must be paid off or the client may renegotiate a new loan for the remaining outstanding loan balance. Alternatively the client may choose to give up the car to the bank, to a third party designated by the insurance underwriter of the program, or to a third party representative designated by the bank, depending on how the loan program has been structured. The client would then obtain the residual value of the car as credit towards the remaining loan balance. 
     Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the bank first receives a loan application submitted by an applicant. The application will typically include such information as the applicant&#39;s name, the make, model and sticker price of the automobile and identification of related bank services (e.g., deposit or investment accounts) used by the applicant. The applicant may request financing in any amount, up to and including 100% of the price of the car being purchased. 
     The input of information from the applicant is represented by block 5, and can include the number of monthly payments (typically 36 or 48) and the interest rate term (typically 12, 24 or 36 months). A verification process assures that all information is correctly entered on the application. Following input and verification, the input information is employed by block 7 to test the eligibility of the car. Eligibility is determined by applying certain information from the application, typically that pertaining to make, model, use and optionally whether the new automobile is a demonstrator model or manufacturer&#39;s executive driven automobile. 
     If the automobile fails the eligibility test (&#34;NO&#34; branch), the system flow proceeds to block 22, where the application is declined. Assuming the test of block 7 is successful (&#34;YES&#34; branch), signaling that the automobile is eligible, the system flow proceeds to block 10, where the &#34;residual value&#34; of the automobile is determined. The details are set forth in the description of FIG. 4, below. 
     The system flow next proceeds to block 20, where the loan payment amount is determined. The details of the process for determining the loan payment amount are also set forth in the discussion of FIG. 4, below. 
     Data regarding the loan are transmitted to and received from the bank&#39;s central computer installation, which is further described below in connection with FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C. The process flow next proceeds to block 25, &#34;Assign Credit Score.&#34; Information is obtained from the credit bureau&#39;s computer installation as further described below in connection with FIG. 3, along with data from the bank&#39;s computer system files, in determining the &#34;credit score&#34; (block 25) using well-known techniques. These data are also used to update the service reference file (block 29). The service reference file contains demographic data concering each of the bank&#39;s customers. For example, the file would typically contain a client&#39;s name, postal address, deposit and loan account numbers. The service reference file may also be used by the bank to identify through a single source the portfolio of banking services used by a particular client of the bank. 
     System flow then proceeds to block 27. If the block 27 test fails (&#34;NO&#34; branch), credit will not be granted and system flow proceeds to block 85, &#34;Decline Application.&#34; If the &#34;Grant Credit&#34; test of block 27 succeeds, process flow proceeds to block 35, &#34;Create New Loan Account.&#34; Following the approval of the loan credit application, the accumulated information on the transaction is employed in block 35 to create a new loan account for each client. 
     A file is maintained of the applications and other related documents (block 34) for purposes of preserving data to generate periodic monthly reports (block 33). The program flow now passes to the repetitive process (block 40) of updating the loan account over the life of the loan. Block 72 provides for the issuance of a &#34;New Loans Report&#34; and &#34;Activity Register&#34;, produced by a high-speed printer (e.g., IBM&#39;s 3800 laser printer). These reports indicate which new loans have been granted and which loans have had any activity against the accounts, respectively. A typical activity would be a payment to a loan account. 
     During the life of the loan, the loan account is monitored (block 39) to identify those loans which are delinquent. As long as this test of block 39 is negative (i.e., loan not delinquent), loan processing (block 40) continues. If the delinquency test is affirmative, a file containing delinquency information regarding the client is created (block 32). This information is passed on to the collection processing system (block 38) for further processing. 
     Block 37 tests whether the loan has been brought up-to-date by the collection system. As long as the block 37 test fails (&#34;NO&#34; branch), signifying that the account is not up-to-date, processing remains within the &#34;Collection Processing System&#34; (block 38). Once the block 37 test is affirmative (&#34;YES&#34; branch), process flow returns to normal loan processing (block 40). 
     Block 41 tests whether or not the option date has arrived. If this date has arrived (&#34;YES&#34; branch), block 42 tests whether or not the client wishes to retain possession of the automobile or turn it in to the bank or the bank&#39;s representative. If the test of block 41 fails (&#34;NO&#34; branch), signifying that the option date has not been reached, system flow remains with block 40. 
     If the test of block 42 is affirmative (&#34;YES&#34; branch), indicating that the client wishes to retain the car, a decision (block 48) by the client either to pay off the loan or refinance the balance is made. Should the client choose not to refinance the loan, arrangements are made to close out the loan upon final payment of the remaining balance (block 50). Should the client choose to refinance the loan, control is passed to block 52, whereby all new terms and conditions (e.g., interest rate, interest rate term, payment amount) for refinancing the loan are reviewed by the client and the bank. After the relevant information concerning the refinanced loan has been entered in the system, reports are created and provided to the various bank branches. 
     If the block 42 test is negative (&#34;NO&#34; branch), block 43 tests the condition of the automobile. If this test of block 43 proves negative (&#34;NO&#34; branch), indicating that the condition of the car is not acceptable, then the respective field headquarters office is advised not to permit the client to turn in the car (block 44). 
     If the test of block 43 is affirmative, then block 46 tests whether the automobile has travelled more than a specified allowed number of kilometers. If that test is negative (&#34;NO&#34; branch), then arrangements are made to pay out the remaining outstanding loan balance (block 50). If the test of block 46 is positive (&#34;YES&#34; branch), then the necessary excess kilometers charge is computed (block 47). Blocks 46 and 47 of FIG. 1 are explained in greater detail below in connection with FIG. 5. 
     After the charges have been computed for any excess kilometers, a new residual value is determined (block 45). This computation is further described below in connection with FIG. 5. The client is then asked to pay off any remaining balance of the loan, after applying his residual value credit and additional payment necessary to cover any excess kilometers charge (see discussion below of new residual value). With the balance paid off, the loan is closed (block 60). The system then transmits report data (block 98) to in-branch printers (e.g., IBM&#39;s 3610 cut-form/continuous printer), whereby printed reports are produced (block 71). 
     Referring now to FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C, there is shown the processing and the telecommunication of loan data between a bank branch and the bank central computer installation. In block 410, loan variable data together with client identification are entered through financial communication input terminals 410. Such loan variable data will typically include transactional information such as loan interest rate, amortized amount, residual value, and amortized term (in months). These input data are then passed to financial communication controller 45 via a loop configuration, and are sent via communication modem 417 to communication moden 420. The data are then transmitted over dedicated communication lines to communication modem 425 in the central computer installation, which, in turn, relays the data to communication control unit 427. The data are then sent to the bank central processing unit 430, completing the branch-to-central computer installation data link (comprising blocks 415, 417, 420, 425, 427 and 430) within the teleprocessing network. 
     The data are then analyzed (block 470), utilizing the cross-reference files 440, 445, 450, 455, 460. File 440 is accessed to obtain client loan data such as repayment history and amounts outstanding. File 445 is accessed to obtain client overdraft and demand deposit accounting data, such as amounts overdrawn and amounts on deposit. File 450 is accessed to obtain client savings and term deposit data, such as amounts and deposit terms. File 455 is accessed to obtain client securities data, such as types of securities and book values. File 460 is accessed to obtain client demographic data, such as address and language. These files are maintained at the bank central processing unit, and are updated by manual and/or automatic entries. 
     The resulting data are relayed via communication control unit 475 to communication modem 480. The data are then transmitted over dedicated communication lines to communication modem 485 in the branch bank, and are relayed to communication modem 487. The data are then sent to financial communication controller 489, completing the central computer installation-to-branch data link (comprising blocks 470, 480, 485, 487 and 489) within the bank&#39;s teleprocessing network. The data are then relayed to branch display stations 490, and/or hardcopy printers 495 via a loop configuration. 
     As indicated in FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C, for financial communication input terminals 410, IBM&#39;s 4700 type are suitable. For financial communication controllers 415, 489, IBM&#39;s 3601 type are suitable. For communication modems 417, 487, IBM&#39;s 3603 type are suitable. For communication modems 420, 425, 480, 485, Bell modems are suitable. For communication control units 427, 475, IBM&#39;s 3705 type are suitable. For display stations 490, IBM&#39;s 4700 type display terminals are suitable. For hardcopy printers 495, IBM&#39;s 4700 type printers are suitable. However, these particular choices of equipment are merely illustrative. Other equipment known to those in the art can be used. 
     Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a flow chart depicting the teleprocessing of data between a typical bank branch and a credit bureau computer installation. The required transactional information is entered through administrative terminal 310. This information is then transmitted (block 320) over communication lines (e.g., Bell DATAPAC) to the credit bereau computer installation. The required data are then analyzed (block 330), using cross-reference files 332 and 334. 
     File 332 is accessed to obtain client credit data such as the amount and repayment history on credit granted by retail institutions and other financial institutions, e.g., in the form of mortgages, charge accounts and promissory notes. Also, data are obtained on client deposits with other financial institutions. File 334 is accessed to determine whether the financial institution requesting the credit data is a member of the particular credit bureau, and, therefore, entitled to receive such data. These files are maintained at the credit bureau central processing unit, and are updated by manual and/or automatic entries. The resulting credit data are transmitted (block 340) from the credit bureau computer installation to the bank branch, where they are received through the respective administrative terminal display screen 350 and/or hardcopy printer (not shown). 
     Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown a detailed flow chart for determining the residual value and loan payment amount corresponding to blocks 10 and 20 of FIG. 1A. It is the overall objective of the process of FIG. 4 to determine the residual value (RV) and periodic (e.g., monthly) regular loan payment amount (RPA) for each loan application received. In describing the process of FIG. 4, the variables defined in Table A, below, will be employed. 
     
                       TABLE A______________________________________Variable  Definition______________________________________OD     OPTION DATE - A predetermined date which is  agreed upon with the client at the time of the  application.ID     ISSUE DATE - The date on which the  loan is to be issued by the bank.RVF    RESIDUAL VALUE FACTOR - A factor  expressed as a percentage to be  applied to the sticker price (SP) of  the automobile being financed and  used to compute the residual value (RV).RV     RESIDUAL VALUE - Value of the auto-  mobile guaranteed at the option date.ST     SALES TAX - The value determined by  applying the sales tax percentage to  the purchase price (PP) of the automobile.TF     TOTAL FINANCING REQUIREMENT - A  computational variable expressed in  dollars, the sum of the purchase price  of the automobile and options (PP)  and the sales tax (ST), minus the  client&#39;s equity in the automobile (CE).PP     PURCHASE PRICE - The purchase price  of the new automobile as determined  from the bill of sale, which includes  optional equipment but excludes sales tax.AA     AMORTIZED AMOUNT - A computational  variable expressed in dollars, the  difference between the total financing  requirement (TF) and the residual  value (RV).PIP    PRINCIPAL &amp; INTEREST PAYMENT - A com-  putational variable expressed in  dollars, the amount required to be  paid on a monthly basis to pay off  the amortized amount.RATE   RATE - The annual rate of interest  expressed as a decimal (e.g., 17% = .17).IRT    INTEREST RATE TERM - The term, in  months, over which the interest rate  remains constant.MIP    MONTHLY INTEREST PAYMENT - A computa-  tional variable determined by applying  the interest rate per term to the  residual value (RV).RPA    REGULAR PAYMENT AMOUNT - A computa-  tional variable arrived at by summing  the principal and interest payment  (PIP) and the monthly interest payment  (MIP). The amount to be paid by the  client on a periodic (e.g., monthly) basis.CE     CLIENT EQUITY - The sum of the value  of any automobile given on trade-in  by the client and any cash down payment.SP     STlCKER PRICE - The list price of the  new automobile as advised by the manu-  facturer&#39;s listing sticker, i.e., the  manufacturer&#39;s suggested retail price.  This includes optional equipment but  excludes sales tax.______________________________________ 
    
     With the variable definitions set forth in Table A in mind, attention will now be directed to the processing of FIG. 4. First, in block 210, the residual value (RV) is computed as the algebraic multiplication of the sticker price (SP) and residual value factor (RVF): 
     
         RV=SP×RVF. 
    
     The residual value factor is selected from a file of such factors, based upon the make and model of the automobile, and the option date. In those instances where sticker price is not available through the dealer, the residual value is agreed upon and entered directly as SP and RVF is set to 1. 
     Next, the computational variable total financing required (TF) is set equal to the sum of the purchase price (PP) and the sales tax amount (ST), less any customer equity (CE) (block 220): 
     
         TF=PP+ST-CE. 
    
     Another computational variable, amortized amount (AA), is then set equal to the difference between the total financing required and the residual value (block 230): 
     
         AA=TF-RV. 
    
     Block 240 tests to see if the amortized amount (AA) is greater than or equal to zero. If this test of block 240 fails (&#34;NO&#34; branch), signaling that the amortised amount is less than zero, the loan application is declined (block 241). This terminates application processing for the applicant whose total financing required is less than the residual value. 
     If the amortized amount is greater than zero (&#34;YES&#34; branch out of block 240), then block 250 tests whether the loan plan selected by the applicant is a fixed rate personal loan or a variable rate personal loan. If the fixed rate personal loan was selected (&#34;YES&#34; branch), then block 260 tests whether the total financing (TF) is greater than or equal to a predetermined constant amount, e.g., $7,500, selected by the bank according to market and business conditions. If the block 260 test fails (&#34;NO&#34; branch), the interest rate term (IRT) is computed as the difference, in months, between the option date (OD) and the issue date (ID) of the loan (block 251): 
     
         IRT=OD-ID. 
    
     If the block 260 test succeeds (&#34;YES&#34; branch), indicating that the total financing is greater than or equal to $7,500, then the interest rate term, in months, is obtained from the loan application, as per the applicant&#39;s option (block 261). 
     If in the block 250 test the loan plan selected was the variable rate personal loan (&#34;NO&#34; branch), then the interest rate term (IRT) is computed as 12 months from the issue date (block 252). 
     Still referring to FIG. 4, the value of the monthly principal and interest payment (PIP) is computed as follows (block 262): ##EQU1## where: A=Amortized Amount (AA) ##EQU2## I=annual rate of interest (RATE) C=Loan Interest Compounding Frequency=12 (monthly) 
     Z=Days in Base year=360 ##EQU3## I=annual rate of interest (RATE) C=Loan Interest Compounding Frequency=12 (monthly) 
     F=Loan Payment Frequency=12 (monthly) 
     D=Number of days from regular loan start date to first regular payment date 
     N=Option Term (OT)×12 months=36 or 48 months 
     Then the value of the monthly interest payment (MIP) is computed (block 270) as the algebraic multiplication of the residual value (RV) and the monthly interest rate, i.e., RATE as obtained from rate file 271 divided by 12: 
     
         MIP=RV×RATE÷12. 
    
     Finally, the value of the regular loan payment amount (RPA) is computed (block 280) as the algebraic sum of the monthly intest payment variable (MIP) and the principal and interest payment (PIP): 
     
         RPA=MIP+PIP. 
    
     This completes the processing for an applicant whose loan application has been accepted. It will be understood that for variable rate loans (&#34;NO&#34; branch of test 270) the values of PIP, MIP and RPA (blocks 262, 270, 280, respectively) would be recomputed periodically, e.g., every 12 months, in accordance with the interest rate term, to adjust the regular payment amount for changing interest rates. 
     Referring now to FIG. 5, there is depicted a process for determining and calculating the excess kilometers charge (EKC) corresponding to functional blocks 46 and 47 of FIG. 1B. It is the overall objective of the process of FIG. 5 to compute an excess kilometers charge dollar value which will be used in the computation of the new residual value (NRV) (see block 45 of FIG. 1B). In describing the process of FIG. 5, the constants and variables described in Tables B and C, below, will be employed. 
     
                       TABLE B______________________________________CONSTANTSValue          Description______________________________________24,000 kilometers          Typical value of maximum allow-          able kilometers per year of          option term (OT) used in com-          puting maximum allowable          kilometers (KL) (see Table C          below).$18,000        Typical monetary value used to          determine the appropriate unit          value (see immediately below) in          computing excess kilometers          charge (EKC)..04¢      Typical monetary value assigned          to 1 unit of chargeable kilo-          meters (CK) where sticker price          (SP) is less than a preselected          monetary value, e.g., $18,000..07¢      Typical monetary value assigned          to 1 unit of chargeable kilo-          meters (CK) where sticker price          (SP) is greater than or equal to          a preselected monetary value,          e.g., $18,000.______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE C______________________________________Variable   Definition______________________________________OT      OPTION TERM - The option term is   equal to Option Date (OD) less   Issue Date (ID), expressed in   years (see Table A, above).KL      MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE KILOMETERS -   The maximum number of kilometers   which the vehicle may be driven   over the amortization term (OT)   without incurring any excess   kilometers charges, e.g.,   OT X 24,000 (see Table B, above).SP      STICKER PRICE - The manufac-   turer&#39;s listing sticker price,   including options, but not sales   tax (see Table A, above).AK      ACTUAL KILOMETERS, - The total   number of kilometers driven over   the option term, as determined   from the odometer.CK      CHARGEABLE KILOMETERS - The   number of actual kilometers (AK)   in excess of the maximum allowable (KL).EKC     EXCESS KILOMETERS CHARGE - The   dollar value calculated for   chargeable kilometers CK.______________________________________ 
    
     Referring to FIG. 5, as a first matter, the value of maximum allowable kilometers (KL) is computed (block 110) as the algebraic multiplication of the option term (OT) and a predetermined numerical value, e.g., 24,000 (see Table B): 
     
         KL=OT×24,000. 
    
     Block 120 tests whether actual kilometers (AK) is greater than the maximum allowable (KL). If test 120 fails (&#34;NO&#34; branch), then processing proceeds directly to block 50 of FIG. 1B. If the block 120 test succeeds, indicating that AK is greater than KL, then processing proceeds to block 130, which computes the chargeable kilometers (CK): 
     
         i CK=AK-KL. 
    
     Processing next proceeds to block 140, which tests whether the sticker price of the new automobile including options (SP) is less than a predetermined value, e.g., $18,000 (Table B). If the block 140 test succeeds (&#34;YES&#34; branch), then processing proceeds to block 170, which computes the excess kilometers charge (EKC) by multiplying a predetermined numerical value, e.g., 0.04¢, by the value of CK computed in block 130: 
     
         EKC=CK×0.04¢. 
    
     If the test of block 140 fails, indicating that SP is equal to or greater than $18,000, then the processing proceeds to block 180, which computes the excess kilometers charge (EKC) by applying a different predetermined numerical value, e.g., 0.07¢, to the value of CK computed in step 130: 
     
         EKC=CK×0.07¢. 
    
     The processing proceeds by taking the excess kilometers charge (EKC), computed in step 170 or 180, and using it in block 45 of FIG. 1B to compute a new residual value (NRV): 
     
         NRV=RV-EKC. 
    
     The detailed program listings for carrying out the data processing steps described in this application are set forth in the following Appendices A-D. Appendices A-C relate to the flow chart of FIG. 4 and Appendix D relates to the flow chart of FIG. 5. 
     Table D below cross-references the lines of the COBOL source program listing contained in Appendix A to functional blocks appearing in FIG. 4. 
     
                       TABLE D______________________________________Block No.     Line No.(FIG. 4)      (Appendix A)______________________________________210           35753-35761230           35753-35761240           35773-35779250           35550-35554251           35582-35596252           35612-35619260           35582-35596262           35789-35792270           35862-35863280           36112-36115______________________________________ 
    
     Appendix B contains the COBOL source program listing which includes (at line nos. 35273-35293) the logic for calculating the interest rate. This program is called at line no. 35878 of the Appendix A program listing. 
     Appendix C contains three FORTRAN subroutine programs for calculating the principal and interest payment (block 262 of FIG. 4). Subroutine L5E183 is called at line no. 35822 of the Appendix A program listing. Subroutine L5E186 is called at line no. 0004 of the above subroutine L5E183. Subroutine L5E187 is called at line no. 0005 of the above subroutine L5E183. 
     The Appendix A program also contains a number of references to PEM (&#34;Processing Environment Manager&#34;), a well known applications program commercially available from Hogan Systems, Inc. Those references are identified in Table E below. 
     
                       TABLE E______________________________________PEMDATA GROUPMAPTRANSACTION CONTROL BLOCK______________________________________ 
    
     Table F below cross-references the lines of the COBOL source program listing contained in Appendix D to functional blocks appearing in FIG. 5. 
     
                       TABLE F______________________________________Block No.     Line No.(FIG. 5)      (Appendix D)______________________________________110           76500-76600120           77400-78600130           77400-78600140           78800-79400170           79000-79100180           79300-79400______________________________________ ##SPC1##