Abstract:
A controller apparatus for manipulating objects in an electronic application. The controller apparatus comprises a free-standing graspable controller. The controller apparatus comprises a first optical component and a second optical component to determine the rotation direction and speed of the controller. The direction and speed data are relayed to the electronic device to produce an object manipulation in the electronic application.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present application relates generally to a free-standing hand held controller for manipulating objects in an electronic application. More particularly, the present application relates to a free-standing graspable steering device in communication with an optical measurement system. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Computer games, simulations, and other electronic applications use steering controller units to simulate “real world” steering devices such as car, truck, motorcycle, and airplane steering devices. The steering controller units generally include a base that may house various buttons and controls, a steering device that may house various buttons and controls, and a column connecting the steering device to the base. The base is connected to a game console that is in turn connected to a device that displays the game, simulation, or other application. Users hold the steering device much in the same manner as a “real world” steering device, that is by grasping it in predetermined places, usually at the perimeter of the controller. Users manipulate the steering device by turning/rotating the device and by operating the various controller buttons, pads, and dials. The device manipulation produces changes to the electronic application; for example, turning the steering device left causes a car in a computer game to turn left to a corresponding degree. 
     The various steering controller units mentioned above have unfortunate drawbacks. The steering controller unit is bulky because the steering device is connected to a column and base. The bulkiness makes the controller unit difficult to use in small spaces, store, and move. The controller unit is prone to wear, tear, and breaking because of the number of moving parts and the fragility of the steering column. The controller unit also has the drawback of confining and constricting the user to a small area, namely, where the controller unit is placed. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a controller apparatus for manipulating objects in an electronic application in association with an electronic device. The controller apparatus comprises a free-standing hand held controller, first optical component and a second optical component. At least the first optical component is in communication with the electronic device and the second optical component is attached to the controller. The controller provides a manipulation function for objects in an electronic application. 
     The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the invention, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying Figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the Figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention in use; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a portion of an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIGS. 3A ,  3 B, and  3 C are perspective views of different embodiments of a portion of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a side view of a portion of an embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 5  is a side view of a portion of an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , in one embodiment, the present invention comprises steering device  10 . While the discussion below generally refers to a steering device, those skilled in the art will understand its applicability to other input devices or controllers. Steering device  10  is held by user  13  and is freestanding, meaning that it does not depend on other mechanical equipment (other than user  13 ) for support. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 3A ,  3 B, and  3 C, steering device  10  is preferably round like a steering wheel as shown in  FIG. 3A , but may take on various shapes and configurations, such, but not limited to, a solid disk, a racing steering wheel, a ship steering wheel, a motorcycle (or snow mobile or bicycle) steering device as shown in  FIG. 3B , and an airplane steering device as shown in  FIG. 3C . Steering device  10  preferably has at least two grips  30  at its circumferential edge for the user&#39;s hands to grip, although other configurations are possible such as, but not limited to, hand grips at non-circumferential edges and grips modified for use with arms, feet, etc. Grips  30  may comprise finger-sized indentations or ridges. Grips  30  may further comprise material that is user-comfortable and non-slipping to provide improved graspability and comfort. In some embodiments, steering device  10  is lightweight to limit fatigue in the user. 
     Referring back to  FIG. 1 , steering device  10  is in communication with electronic device  14 . As used herein, electronic device  14  may comprise a personal computer, a game console, a handheld device, an interactive television, or the like. Electronic device  14  is in communication with a display device  15  that displays output from an electronic application performed by the electronic device. The electronic application may be any number of applications, including, but not limited to, a video game, a simulation, a personal computer executable program, or an application on an interactive television. Steering device  10  provides a manipulation function for objects in an electronic application. Although other embodiments are possible, preferably the manipulation function corresponds to a turning feature, such as, but not limited to turning an automobile, airplane, or ship in an electronic application. In this embodiment, the rotation degree of the steering device corresponds to the degree of turning in the electronic application. Similarly, the rotation and/or rotation speed of the steering device corresponds to the turn or speed of the turn in the electronic application in some manner, e.g., 1 to 1, 1 to 2, 2 to 1, etc. The manipulation function may also be, for example, zooming in or out of a display, scrolling through data in an electronic application, or turning or moving an object or character in a video game or simulation. 
     Objects in an electronic application may be any object within any electronic application. Although objects within software code, such as routines, subroutines, and object code provide examples of objects in an electronic application, other objects are within the scope of the invention. For instance, objects may also include the zoom status of a display, the channel setting on an interactive television, or the scroll location within data. 
     Steering device  10  may further comprise additional buttons, pads, levers, and the like, generally represented as  31  in  FIGS. 3A ,  3 B, and  3 C, for additional manipulation functions for objects in an electronic application. While one skilled in the art will appreciate that many different functions are available for the additional buttons and the like, some non-limiting examples include a start button, a pause button, a volume control, a firing button, a zoom button, a menu button, a gear shift, a brake button or lever, and a clutch button or pedal. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , steering device  10  is in communication with at least one first optical component  11  via at least one second optical component  12 . First optical component  11  and second optical component  12  use optical technology to measure various parameters to include, but not limited to, the movement speed and rotational direction of steering device  10 . Second optical component  12  is attached to steering device  10 . As used herein, attached to has a broad meaning, including removably or permanently attached by any manner known in the art, including, but not limited to, fasteners, glue, Velcro-type material, being embedded in steering device  10 , ties, clamps, etc. 
     Second optical components  12  may be placed anywhere on the steering device  10  as long as a line of sight is provided to first optical component  11 . In one embodiment, second optical components  12  are provided on the back of steering device  10 , that is, the side of steering device facing directly away from user  13 . Although not shown, first optical component  11  typically houses conventional electronic circuits and the like for transmitting data from or relating to steering device  10  to electronic device  14 . First optical component  11  may be incorporated into the electronic device  14  or it may be a stand alone unit. In the case of a stand alone unit, first optical component  11  is in communication with electronic device  14  such that data is transmitted from first optical component  11  to electronic device  14  in any known manner, including, but not limited to, a cord, a wireless radio frequency frequency, an optical signal, or an infrared signal. In some embodiments, first optical component  11  is a part of electronic device  14 , such as by being built into or fixably attached to electronic device  14 . 
     In one embodiment, referring to  FIG. 2 , steering device  10 , first optical component  11 , and second optical component  12  use a reflective method to measure the rotation amount, the rotational direction and/or speed of steering device  10 . In the reflective method, the first optical component  11  comprises an illuminating source  20  and a light sensor  21 . The illuminating source  20 , typically a light emitting diode (LED), is preferably juxtaposed near light sensor  21  and emits light  22  in the direction of steering device  10 . Referring to  FIGS. 2 and 5 , illuminating source  20  emits light  22  at two wavelengths, a higher wavelength  51  and a lower wavelength light  52 . In this embodiment, second optical components  12  comprise one or more reflective materials on the surface of steering device  10  that faces illuminating source  20 . Light  22  originates at illuminating source  20  and second optical component  12  reflects light  22  back toward light sensor  21 . 
     Although the reflective material of second optical component  12  may be any number of suitable materials, it is preferably a retroreflector  50 . Retroreflectors are optical devices that return any incident light back in exactly the direction from which it came, and comprise examples of reflective materials that may be employed in the practice of the invention. Several retroreflectors are commercially available, for example one type of retroreflector is made from a trio of mutually perpendicular surfaces such as is found at the corner of a cube, which when all three surfaces are reflective, will reflect a light ray at exactly a 180 degree turn. Another type comprises small beads of a high index material embedded in a transparent matrix, and is particularly useful where large surface areas need to be covered, for example in road signs, or where design flexibility is required. Referring to  FIG. 5 , in this embodiment, retroreflector  50  comprises a filter  53  that blocks higher wavelength light  51 . Thus, of the two light wavelengths emitted by illuminating source  20 , retroreflector  50  reflects only lower wavelength light  52 . 
     The operation of the reflective method is based on the principle of optics where light sensor  21  comprises a two dimensional array of photosensors as are known in the art that sense the absence and presence of light to create an image. In this case, the rotary motion of steering device  20  is converted into a light pattern via reflected light  22  on the checkerboard-patterned filter of light sensor  21 . In some embodiments, light sensor  21  is very small, and each checkerboard square may be on the order of microns. The light sensors are sensitive to light having at least two different wavelengths, corresponding to higher wavelength light  51  and lower wavelength light  52  emitted from illuminating source  20 . 
     In one embodiment, a checkerboard-patterned filter filters reflected light  22  before light  22  hits light sensor  21 . By way of a non-limiting example, and referring to  FIGS. 2 and 5 , lighter checkerboard squares  23  are filters that allow both higher wavelength light  51  and lower wavelength light  52  to pass on to light sensor  21 . Similarly, darker checkerboard squares  24  are filters that block lower wavelength light  52  from passing on to light sensor  21 . Thus, as between higher wavelength light  51  and lower wavelength light  52 , retroreflector  50  reflects only lower wavelength light  52  (because of the presence of filter  53 ) and darker checkerboard squares  24  block lower wavelength light  52  from passing on to light sensor  21 . As a result, if light  22  from illuminating source  20  is filtered and reflected by retroreflector  50  and then hits darker checkerboard squares  24 , light sensor  21  sense neither higher wavelength light  51  nor lower wavelength light  52 . That is, the darker squares of sensor  21  sense relative darkness. At the same time, light  22  from illuminating source  20 , which is filtered and reflected by retroreflector  50  and then hits lighter checkerboard squares  23 , cause the light sensor  21  to sense lower wavelength light  52 . That is, the lighter squares of sensor  21  sense relative brightness. Thus, in the case of light reflected from retroreflector  50 , light sensor  21  captures an image of the retroreflector  50  in a high contrast checkerboard pattern. 
     While other reflected or ambient light may reach light sensor  21 , light sensor  21  can distinguish between the images captured based on the other reflected or ambient light as compared to light reflected from retroreflector  50  because light originating or reflected from any other object will contain at least both lower wavelength light  52  and higher wavelength light  51 , as shown in  FIG. 5 . In some embodiments, the retroreflector  50  reflects light so much more efficiently compared to other objects in the environment, that when image capture parameters such as exposure time are set to avoid image saturation, the retroreflector image is the only image captured by light sensor  21 . The images captured by light sensor  21  will be analyzed and converted into information representing the position of retroreflector  50 . The changes in the position of the retroreflector  50  (and thus steering device  10 ) are measured by the movement of the image captured by light sensor  21  as is known in the art. Thus, the image formed on light sensor  21  is exploited by the light sensor circuitry as is known in the art to produce digital outputs representing the rotation, rotation speed, and/or direction of steering device  10 . Internal circuitry (not shown) converts direction and speed information from the first optical component  11  to the electronic application. Although any known method may be used, in this embodiment it is not necessary to compare successive images to determine movement of steering device  10 , because light sensor  21  can be configured to provide absolute positioning of steering device  10  as is known in the art. 
     While some embodiments employ one second optical component  12 , other embodiments have at least two. Additional second optical components represent redundancy in case one component is inadvertently covered, such as by a hand, or damaged. Moreover, multiple second optical components allow for a “check” in the calculations of each component position. That is, the calculations determining the rotation and speed of each second optical component  12  can be compared, giving confidence in the validity of the result. 
     First optical component  11  and second optical component  12  may also measure movement of steering device  10  toward and away from light sensor  21 , or the rotational position of the wheel about either of two perpendicular axes in the plane of the wheel, as well as the more usual rotational axis normal to the plane of the wheel. This may be accomplished by any known manner, such as by measuring the change in the imaged size of one retroreflecting component, the change in the separation between the two imaged components, or the travel time of light  22  between the illuminating source  20  and second optical components. The measurement of forward and backward steering device movement allows for an additional manipulation function to electronic device  14 . By way of a non-limiting example, the manipulation function could relate to the movement of an airplane steering device forward and backward in a computer game or simulation. 
     In the reflective method embodiment, steering device  10  requires no power source to power retroreflectors  50 . In embodiments where no other features of steering device  10  require power, the steering device  10  requires no power and thus can be very lightweight. A lightweight steering device  10  is advantageous to limit fatigue of user  13 . In addition, because retroreflectors  50  have no moving parts and are durable, there is less chance for damage due to normal wear and tear. Steering device  10  is very inexpensive because retroreflectors require no power or internal circuitry. 
     In another embodiment, represented in  FIG. 4 , steering device  10 , first optical component  11 , and second optical component  12  use known optical imaging technology to measure the rotation, the rotational direction and/or speed of steering device  10 . In the optical imaging method, second optical components  12  comprise at least one imaging mechanism that is in communication with first optical component  11 . The imaging mechanism comprises a two-dimensional array of photosensors. In this embodiment, any suitable light source may be used, including, but not limited to, ambient light or infrared light. 
     The imaging mechanism of second optical components  12  takes numerous successive images of the surrounding environment and compares the relative change in each successive image to detect direction and amount of movement. Images are correlated to detect features that are common to a succession of images. One of the captured images serves as a reference frame, which is stored, and a second, successive image is captured. The two successive images should have largely overlapping fields of view, so that the reference frame and the sample frame include a number of common features. Preferably, the imaging mechanism contains optics that provide a focus nominally at infinity, intentionally presenting an off-sharp image to the array of photosensors. The images will typically include windows, lamps, furniture, and first optical component  11 . No special environment is needed for the images as long as fixed objects in the area of steering device  10  allow for comparison of successive images. Optionally, one or more stationary sources of light may be added within the environment to be imaged so that successive images of fixed light are used for correlation. For example, first optical component  11  may comprise a source of light, such as, but not limited to, infrared light or laser light. 
     Comparison of successive images is performed by holding one frame in a fixed position and repeatedly shifting the successive frame to determine which shifted position best approximates an alignment of the imaged features that are common to the two images, thereby determining the horizontal and vertical movement of the imaging array during the interval between acquiring the two frames. The shifts are performed computationally and are shifts of pixel values in the photosensors. Interpolations are performed to determine angular displacement of less than a full pixel, and this the system detects changes in horizontal, vertical, and combinations of horizontal and vertical movement. 
     Optionally, movement in a third direction, such as movement of steering device  10  forward and backward in relation to user  13 , may be detected by computing the change in distance between imaged objects, using additional known imaging mechanisms dedicated to measuring movement forward or backward, or other known methods. The measurement of forward and backward steering device movement allows for an additional manipulation function to electronic device  14 . By way of a non-limiting example, the manipulation function could relate to the movement of an airplane steering device forward and backward in a computer game or simulation. 
     In some embodiments, second optical components  12  preferably include a transmitter for wireless transmitting the data representing the movement of steering device  10 . By way of non-limiting example, the signal may be an infrared beam. In lieu of a wireless transmitter, a chord may be used. First optical component  11  comprises a data receptor  40 . In some embodiments, data receptor  40  is configured to receive at least optical data relating to steering device  10 . As used herein, optical data relating to steering device  10  means data that can be used to provide a manipulation function in the electronic application relating to the relative movement of steering device  10 . In some embodiments, the optical data comprise optical images. In other embodiments, second optical components  12  process the optical images before reaching data receptor  40 , and the optical data sent to data receptor  40  represent the directional and speed information that has been calculated from the optical images. Optical data from second optical components  12  are sent to data receptor  40  for transfer to electronic device  14 . In some embodiments, data receptor  40  is part of electronic device  14 . Changes in direction and location of steering device  10  are translated into the proper manipulation function for the object in the electronic application. 
     In one embodiment, steering device  10  houses internal circuitry as is known in the art to compute the relative movement based on data from second optical components  12 . The resulting computation data are sent to data receptor  40  and electronic device  14  translates the data into the proper manipulation function as known in the art. In another embodiment, second optical components  12  send the images directly to data receptor  40  and data receptor  40  houses internal circuitry as is known in the art to compute the relative movement of second optical components  12  (and thus steering device  10 ). 
     Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.