Abstract:
A device classifies access or control channel signals into a first class or a second class, initializes a dormancy timer associated with the device, and sets the dormancy timer to a default value. The device also sets a signal target utilization threshold, receives actual signals via the access or control channel, and identifies, when a number of the actual signals exceeds the signal target utilization threshold, a particular signal, from the actual signals, as belonging to the first class or the second class. The device further increases the default value of the dormancy timer when the particular signal belongs to the first class, and decreases the default value of the dormancy timer when the particular signal belongs to the second class.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard for mobile network technology. The LTE describes requirements for mobile communications systems in evolved or advanced cellular broadband technologies. Such requirements include Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) which is a high-speed radio access technique to meet increased network demands, including improving user throughputs and network capacity, reducing latency, and increasing mobility. 
     The LTE includes protocols, such as a Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol, which is responsible for the assignment, configuration, and release of radio resources between a user device (e.g., a mobile telephone, a smartphone, etc.) and a base station or other access or LTE equipment. According to the RRC protocol, the two basic RRC modes for the user device (also referred to as a user equipment) are a “connected mode” and an “idle mode.” During the connected mode or state, the user device may exchange signals with a network and may perform other related operations. During the idle mode or state, the user device may shut down at least some of its connected mode operations. 
     In mobile communications, applications can generally be classified as data channel intensive traffic or access/control channel intensive traffic. Data channel intensive traffic includes video streaming, video-telephony, and transferring of large files. In contrast, access/control channel intensive traffic (also referred to as “thin traffic”) does not require large data channel usage. Examples of access/control channel intensive traffic include instant messaging (IM), online chat, and real-time online discussion forums. For such thin traffic connections, the most likely radio frequency (RF) bottlenecks, depending on configuration, are the setup or release of a RRC connection for each time messages need to be exchanged between user devices, or control channel overhead associated with maintaining RRC connections. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of an example network in which systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram of example components of a base station of the network depicted in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram of an example user device of the network illustrated in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram of example components of the user device depicted in  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram of example operations capable of being performed by an example portion of the network illustrated in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram of example functional components of the user device and/or the base station; 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram of example functional components of a dormancy timer depicted in  FIG. 6 ; and 
         FIGS. 8-10  are flow charts of an example process for optimizing LTE capacity using an adaptive dormancy timer according to implementations described herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements. 
     Systems and/or methods described herein may adaptively and dynamically optimize a setting of a dormancy timer to improve a capacity of a LTE system. The dormancy timer may be provided in a user device and/or a base station, and may be used to time a dormant (or inactive) state of the user device. In one example implementation, the systems and/or methods may classify access and/or control channel signals into a first class and a second class, and may initialize a dormancy timer. The systems and/or methods may set the dormancy timer to a default value, and may set a signal target utilization threshold. The systems and/or methods may receive signals via the access/control channel, and may identify a particular signal as a first class signal or a second class signal when the signal target utilization threshold is met. If the particular signal is classified in the first class, the value of the dormancy timer may be increased. If the particular signal is classified in the second class, the value of the dormancy timer may be decreased. 
     As used herein, the term “user” is intended to be broadly interpreted to include a user device or a user of a user device. 
       FIG. 1  depicts a diagram of an example network  100  in which systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented. As shown, network  100  may include a group of user devices  110 - 1  through  110 -M (referred to collectively as “user devices  110 ”, and in some instances individually, as “user device  110 ”); a radio access network (RAN)  120  that includes a base station  130  and a radio network controller  140 ; and a core network  150 . Two user devices  110 , one radio access network  120 , one base station  130 , one radio network controller  140 , and one core network  150  have been illustrated in  FIG. 1  for simplicity. In practice, there may be more user devices  110 , radio access networks  120 , base stations  130 , radio network controllers  140 , and/or core networks  150 . Also, in some instances, a component of network  100  may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another component or group of components of network  100 . 
     User device  110  may include one or more devices capable of sending/receiving voice and/or data to/from radio access network  120 . User device  110  may include, for example, a radiotelephone, a personal communications system (PCS) terminal (e.g., that may combine a cellular radiotelephone with data processing and data communications capabilities), a personal digital assistant (PDA) (e.g., that can include a radiotelephone, a pager, Internet/intranet access, etc.), a wireless device, a smartphone, a laptop computer (e.g., with a wireless air card), a global positioning system (GPS) device, a content recording device (e.g., a camera, a video camera, etc.), etc. In another example, user device  110  may include a fixed (e.g., provided in a particular location, such as within a user&#39;s home) computation and/or communication device, such as a laptop computer, a personal computer, a tablet computer, a set-top box (STB), a television, a gaming system, etc. 
     Radio access network  120  may include one or more devices for transmitting voice and/or data to user devices  110  and core network  150 . In one example implementation, radio access network  120  may include a group of base stations  130  and a group of radio network controllers  140 . In some instances, a component of radio access network  120  (e.g., base station  130  and radio network controller  130 ) may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another component or group of components in radio access network  120 . 
     In one example, radio access network  120  may provide a wireless access network for user devices  110 . The wireless access network, in one implementation, may correspond to a LTE network. In another implementation, the wireless access network may include a WiFi network or other access networks (e.g., an enhanced high-rate packet data (eHRPD) network or a WiMax network). In still another implementation, the wireless access network may include a radio access network capable of supporting high data rate, low latency, packet optimization, large capacity and coverage, etc. 
     Base station  130  (also referred to as “Node Bs”) may include one or more devices that receive voice and/or data from radio network controller  140  and transmit that voice and/or data to user device  110  via an air interface. Base station  130  may also include one or more devices that receive voice and/or data from user device  110  over an air interface and transmit that voice and/or data to radio network controller  140  or other user devices  110 . 
     In one example implementation, base station  130  may classify access and/or control channel signals into a first class and a second class, and may initialize a dormancy timer. Base station  130  may set the dormancy timer to a default value, and may set a signal target utilization threshold (e.g., a configurable threshold for a number of control signals). Base station  130  may receive signals via the access/control channel, and may identify a particular signal as a first class signal or a second class signal when the signal target utilization threshold is met. If the particular signal is classified in the first class, base station  130  may increase the value of the dormancy timer. If the particular signal is classified in the second class, base station  130  may decrease the value of the dormancy timer. 
     Radio network controller  140  may include one or more devices that control and manage base station  130 . Radio network controller  140  may also include devices that perform data processing to manage utilization of radio network services. Radio network controller  140  may transmit/receive voice and data to/from base station  130 , other radio network controller  140 , and/or core network  150 . Radio network controller  140  may act as a controlling radio network controller (CRNC), a drift radio network controller (DRNC), or a serving radio network controller (SRNC). A CRNC may be responsible for controlling the resources of a base station  130 . On the other hand, a SRNC may serve a particular user device  110  and may manage connections towards that user device  110 . Likewise, a DRNC may fulfill a similar role to the SRNC (e.g., may route traffic between a SRNC and a particular user device  110 ). 
     Core network  150  may include one or more devices that transfer/receive voice and/or data to a circuit-switched and/or packet-switched network. In one example implementation, core network  150  may include a Mobile Switching Center (MSC), a Gateway MSC (GMSC), a Media Gateway (MGW), a Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support Node (SGSN), a Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), and/or other devices. 
     Although  FIG. 1  shows example components of network  100 , in other implementations, network  100  may contain fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional components than depicted in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 2  is a diagram of example components of base station  130 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , base station  130  may include antennas  210 , transceivers (TX/RX)  220 , a processing system  230 , and an Iub interface (I/F)  240 . 
     Antennas  210  may include one or more directional and/or omni-directional antennas. Transceivers  220  may be associated with antennas  210  and may include transceiver circuitry for transmitting and/or receiving symbol sequences in a network, such as network  100 , via antennas  210 . 
     Processing system  230  may control the operation of base station  130 . Processing system  230  may also process information received via transceivers  220  and Iub interface  240 . Processing system  230  may further measure quality and strength of a connection, may determine a frame error rate (FER), and may transmit this information to radio network controller  140 . As illustrated, processing system  230  may include a processing unit  232  and a memory  234 . 
     Processing unit  232  may include one or more processors, microprocessors, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or the like. Processing unit  232  may process information received via transceivers  220  and Iub interface  240 . The processing may include, for example, data conversion, forward error correction (FEC), rate adaptation, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) spreading/dispreading, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, etc. In addition, processing unit  232  may transmit control messages and/or data messages, and may cause those control messages and/or data messages to be transmitted via transceivers  220  and/or Iub interface  240 . Processing unit  232  may also process control messages and/or data messages received from transceivers  220  and/or Iub interface  240 . 
     Memory  234  may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), and/or another type of memory to store data and instructions that may be used by processing unit  232 . 
     Iub interface  240  may include one or more line cards that allow base station  130  to transmit data to and receive data from radio network controller  140 . 
     As described herein, base station  130  may perform certain operations in response to processing unit  232  executing software instructions contained in a computer-readable medium, such as memory  234 . A computer-readable medium may be defined as a non-transitory memory device. A memory device may include space within a single physical memory device or spread across multiple physical memory devices. The software instructions may be read into memory  234  from another computer-readable medium or from another device via antennas  210  and transceivers  220 . The software instructions contained in memory  234  may cause processing unit  232  to perform processes described herein. Alternatively, hardwired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement processes described herein. Thus, implementations described herein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software. 
     Although  FIG. 2  shows example components of base station  130 , in other implementations, base station  130  may contain fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional components than depicted in  FIG. 2 . In still other implementations, one or more components of base station  130  may perform one or more other tasks described as being performed by one or more other components of base station  130 . 
       FIG. 3  is a diagram of an example user device  110  (e.g., a mobile communication device). As illustrated, user device  110  may include a housing  300 , a speaker  310 , a display  320 , control buttons  330 , a keypad  340 , and a microphone  350 . Housing  300  may protect the components of user device  110  from outside elements. Speaker  310  may provide audible information to a user of user device  110 . 
     Display  320  may provide visual information to the user. For example, display  320  may display text input into user device  110 ; text, images, video, and/or graphics received from another device; and/or information regarding incoming or outgoing calls or text messages, emails, media, games, phone books, address books, the current time, etc. In one example implementation, display  320  may include a touch screen display that may be configured to receive a user input when the user touches display  320 . For example, the user may provide an input to display  320  directly, such as via the user&#39;s finger, or via other input objects, such as a stylus. User inputs received via display  320  may be processed by components and/or devices operating in user device  110 . The touch screen display may permit the user to interact with user device  110  in order to cause user device  110  to perform one or more operations described herein. Example technologies to implement a touch screen on display  320  may include, for example, a near-field-sensitive (e.g., capacitive) overlay, an acoustically-sensitive (e.g., surface acoustic wave) overlay, a photo-sensitive (e.g., infrared) overlay, a pressure sensitive (e.g., resistive) overlay, and/or any other type of touch panel overlay that allows display  320  to be used as an input device. The touch-screen-enabled display  320  may also identify movement of a body part or a pointing device as it moves on or near the surface of the touch-screen-enabled display  320 . 
     Control buttons  330  may permit the user to interact with user device  110  to cause user device  110  to perform one or more operations. For example, control buttons  330  may be used to cause user device  110  to transmit information. Keypad  340  may include a standard telephone keypad. In one example implementation, control buttons  330  and/or keypad  340  may be omitted, and the functionality provided by control buttons  330  and/or keypad  340  may be provided by display  320  (e.g., via a touch screen display). Microphone  350  may receive audible information from the user. 
     Although  FIG. 3  shows example components of user device  110 , in other implementations, user device  110  may contain fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional components than depicted in  FIG. 3 . In still other implementations, one or more components of user device  110  may perform one or more other tasks described as being performed by one or more other components of user device  110 . 
       FIG. 4  is a diagram of example components of user device  110 . As shown, user device  110  may include a processing unit  400 , memory  410 , a user interface  420 , a communication interface  430 , and an antenna assembly  440 . Components of user device  110  may interconnect via wired and/or wireless connections. 
     Processing unit  400  may include one or more processors, microprocessors, ASICs, FPGAs, or the like. Processing unit  400  may control operation of user device  110  and its components in a manner described herein. 
     Memory  410  may include a RAM, a ROM, and/or another type of memory to store data and instructions that may be used by processing unit  400 . 
     User interface  420  may include mechanisms for inputting information to user device  110  and/or for outputting information from user device  110 . Examples of input and output mechanisms might include buttons (e.g., control buttons  330 , keys of keypad  340 , a joystick, etc.) or a touch screen interface to permit data and control commands to be input into user device  110 ; a speaker (e.g., speaker  310 ) to receive electrical signals and output audio signals; a microphone (e.g., microphone  350 ) to receive audio signals and output electrical signals; a display (e.g., display  320 ) to output visual information (e.g., text input into user device  110 ); and/or a vibrator to cause user device  110  to vibrate. 
     Communication interface  430  may include, for example, a transmitter that may convert baseband signals from processing unit  400  to radio frequency (RF) signals and/or a receiver that may convert RF signals to baseband signals. Alternatively, communication interface  430  may include a transceiver to perform functions of both a transmitter and a receiver. Communication interface  430  may connect to antenna assembly  440  for transmission and/or reception of the RF signals. 
     Antenna assembly  440  may include one or more antennas to transmit and/or receive RF signals over the air. Antenna assembly  440  may, for example, receive RF signals from communication interface  430  and transmit them over the air, and receive RF signals over the air and provide them to communication interface  430 . In one implementation, for example, communication interface  430  may communicate with a network and/or devices connected to a network. 
     As described herein, user device  110  may perform certain operations described herein in response to processing unit  400  executing software instructions of an application contained in a computer-readable medium, such as memory  410 . The software instructions may be read into memory  410  from another computer-readable medium or from another device via communication interface  430 . The software instructions contained in memory  410  may cause processing unit  400  to perform processes that will be described later. Alternatively, hardwired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement processes described herein. Thus, implementations described herein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software. 
     Although  FIG. 4  shows example components of user device  110 , in other implementations, user device  110  may contain fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional components than depicted in  FIG. 4 . In still other implementations, one or more components of user device  110  may perform one or more other tasks described as being performed by one or more other components of user device  110 . 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram of example operations capable of being performed by an example portion  500  of network  100 . As shown, example network portion  500  may include user devices  110 - 1  and  110 - 2  and base station  130 . User devices  110 - 1  and base station  130  may include the features described above in connection with, for example, one or more of  FIGS. 1-4 . 
     In one example, a user of user device  110 - 1  may wish to establish a connection with user device  110 - 2  in order to exchange instant messages (e.g., access/control channel intensive traffic) with user device  110 - 2 . As further shown in  FIG. 5 , user device  110 - 1  may generate a RRC connection request  510 , and may provide RRC connection request  510  to base station  130 . RRC connection request  510  may include a RRC establishment cause and an initial terminal identifier (e.g., of user device  110 - 1 ). The initial terminal identifier may be an identifier that is unique to user device  110 - 1  and may permit identification of user device  110 - 1  despite its location. In one example, user device  110 - 1  may provide RRC connection request  510  to base station  130  on a common control channel (CCCH). Upon transmitting RRC connection request  510 , user device  110 - 1  may trigger an internal timer and may wait for a RRC connection setup message  520  on the common control channel. 
     Base station  130  may receive RRC connection request  510 , may determine that user device  110 - 1  may establish a network connection, and may transmit RRC connection setup message  520  to user device  110 - 1  (e.g., on the common control channel). RRC connection setup message  520  may include a radio network identifier (e.g., to permit base station  130  to identify connected state user devices  110 ), radio bearer setup information, and the initial terminal identifier. User device  110 - 1  may receive RRC connection setup message  520 , and may generate a RRC connection setup complete message  530 . User device  110 - 1  may provide RRC connection setup complete message  530  to base station  130 , and a RRC connection  540  may be established between user device  110 - 1  and base station  530  (e.g., based on RRC connection setup complete message  530 ). 
     When RRC connection  540  is established, base station  130  may dedicate or reserve a certain amount of RF resources until RRC connection  540  is released. For example, when RRC connection  540  is established, a RF channel  550  may be created between user device  110 - 1  and user device  110 - 2  (e.g., to permit exchange of instant messages between user devices  110 - 1  and  110 - 2 ). A length of a reservation of RRC connection  540  may be controlled by a configurable dormancy timer (e.g., provided in user device  110 - 2  and/or base station  130 ). The dormancy timer may terminate RRC connection  540  between user device  110 - 1  and base station  130  when user device  110 - 1  is dormant (e.g., not exchanging messages with user device  110 - 2 ) for a predetermined period of time. 
     When user device  110 - 1  wants to exchange messages with user device  110 - 2  through RF channel  550  or when user device  110 - 1  receives messages from user device  110 - 2  through RF channel  550 , user device  110 - 1  may provide a transfer request  560  to base station  130 . Transfer request  560  may inform base station  130  that user devices  110 - 1  and  110 - 2  are going to exchange messages over RF channel  550 . During this time, messages may be transferred between user device  110 - 1  and user device  110 - 2 , as indicated by reference number  570 , RRC connection  540  may be in a RRC connection active state, and user device  110 - 1  may be in a RRC connected or active mode, as indicated by reference number  580 . After completion of message transfer  570 , the dormancy timer may be started, RRC connection  540  may be in a RRC dormant state, and user device  110 - 1  may be in a RRC dormant mode, as indicated by reference number  590 . 
     During the RRC dormant state, if user device  110 - 1  generates another transfer request  560 , RRC connection  540  may reenter the RRC connection active state and the dormancy timer may be reset (e.g., to a default value). If user device  110 - 1  does not generate another transfer request  560  before the dormancy timer expires, RRC connection  540  may be released and the RF resources (e.g., RF channel  550 ) may be allocated to other traffic associated with base station  130 . Different configurations of the dormancy timer may have different effects on the network resources (e.g., base station  130 ) and capacity of radio access network  120 . For example, if the dormancy timer is set to a larger value (e.g., a longer time period), more control channel overhead is needed for maintaining RRC connections (e.g., RRC connection  540 ). In another example, if the dormancy timer is set to a smaller value (e.g., a shorter time period), more access/control channel resources are needed for message transfers (e.g., message transfer  570 ) associated with the setup or release of RRC connections (e.g., RRC connection  540 ). 
     Although  FIG. 5  shows example components of network portion  500 , in other implementations, network portion  500  may contain fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional components than depicted in  FIG. 5 . In still other implementations, one or more components of network portion  500  may perform one or more other tasks described as being performed by one or more other components of network portion  500 . 
       FIG. 6  is a diagram of example functional components of a device  600  that may correspond to user device  110  and/or base station  130 . In one implementation, the functions described in connection with  FIG. 6  may be performed by one or more components of base station  130  ( FIG. 2 ) or one or more components of user device  110  ( FIG. 4 ). As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , device  600  may include a RRC connection state component  610 , and a dormancy timer  620 . 
     RRC connection state component  610  may include hardware or a combination of hardware and software that may receive transfer request  560  (e.g., from user device  110 - 1 ), and may determine a state of a RRC connection (e.g., RRC connection  540 ) based on transfer request  560 . In one example, since transfer request  560  may indicate that messages are going to be exchanged between user devices  110 - 1  and  110 - 2 , RRC connection state component  610  may determine RRC connection  540  to be in a RRC connection active state  630 , and may provide an indication of RRC connection active state  630  to dormancy timer  620 . Upon completion of the transfer messages between user devices  110 - 1  and  110 - 2 , RRC connection state component  610  may receive (e.g., from user device  110 - 1 ) an indication  640  that the transfer is complete. Based upon receipt of indication  640 , RRC connection state component  610  may determine RRC connection  540  to be in a RRC dormant state  650 , and may provide an indication of RRC dormant state  650  to dormancy timer  620 . 
     Dormancy timer  620  may include hardware or a combination of hardware and software that may receive the indication of RRC connection active state  630  from RRC connection state component  610 . Upon completion of the transfer messages between user devices  110 - 1  and  110 - 2 , dormancy timer  620  may receive the indication of RRC dormant state  650  from RRC connection state component  610 , and may start the dormancy timer, as indicated by reference number  660 . During RRC dormant state  650 , if user device  110 - 1  generates an additional transfer request  670 , RRC connection state component  610  may receive additional transfer request  670 , and may determine RRC connection  540  to be reentering RRC connection active state  630 . Dormancy timer  620  may once again receive the indication of RRC connection active state  630  from RRC connection state component  610 , and may reset the dormancy timer (e.g., to a default value), as indicated by reference number  680 . However, if user device  110 - 1  does not generate additional transfer request  670  before the dormancy timer expires, as indicated by reference number  690 , RRC connection  540  may be released and the RF resources (e.g., RF channel  550 ) may be allocated to other traffic. 
     Although  FIG. 6  shows example functional components of device  600 , in other implementations, device  600  may contain fewer functional components, different functional components, differently arranged functional components, or additional functional components than depicted in  FIG. 6 . In still other implementations, one or more functional components of device  600  may perform one or more other tasks described as being performed by one or more other functional components of device  600 . 
       FIG. 7  is a diagram of example functional components of dormancy timer  620 . In one implementation, the functions described in connection with  FIG. 7  may be performed by one or more components of base station  130  ( FIG. 2 ) or one or more components of user device  110  ( FIG. 4 ). As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , dormancy timer  620  may include an initialization component  705 , a default/threshold component  710 , a signal classifier component  715 , and a timer adjustment component  720 . 
     Initialization component  705  may include hardware or a combination of hardware and software that may classify access channel and control channel signals into classes, as indicated by reference number  725 . For example, in one implementation, initialization component  705  may classify, into a first class, access/control channel signals that are needed for setup or release of new RRC connections, and may classify, into a second class, access/control channel signals that are needed to maintain RRC connection states. Initialization component  705  may also initialize the dormancy timer, as indicated by reference number  730 . In one example implementation, initialization component  705  may initialize the dormancy timer to a default value (e.g., a value pre-configured for user device  110  or base station  130 ), a value larger than the default value, or a value smaller than the default value. The value larger than the default value may reduce a number of setups or releases of RRC connections. Whereas, the value smaller than the default value may reduce a number of RRC connections. As further shown in  FIG. 7 , initialization component  705  may provide indication  725  of the signal classification to signal classifier component  715 , and may provide indication  730  of the initialized dormancy timer values to timer adjustment component  720 . 
     Default/threshold component  710  may include hardware or a combination of hardware and software that may set the dormancy timer to a default value  735 , and may set a signal target utilization threshold  740 . Signal target utilization threshold  740  may include a configurable threshold for a number of control signals (e.g., transfer request  560 ) received by user device  110  or base station  130 . As further shown in  FIG. 7 , default/threshold component  710  may provide default value  735  of the dormancy timer to timer adjustment component  720 , and may provide signal target utilization threshold  740  to signal classifier component  715 . 
     Signal classifier component  715  may include hardware or a combination of hardware and software that may receive indication  725  of the signal classification from initialization component  705 , and may receive signal target utilization threshold  740  from default/threshold component  710 . As further shown in  FIG. 7 , signal classifier component  715  may receive signals  745  (e.g., transfer requests  560  from user device  110 - 1 ), and may determine if a number of received signals  745  exceeds signal target utilization threshold  740 . When the number of received signals  745  exceeds signal target utilization threshold  740 , signal classifier component  715  may classify (e.g., based on indication  725  of the signal classification) a next received signal  745  as belonging to a first class  750  or to a second class  755 . Signal classifier component  715  may classify the next received signal  745  in first class  750  when the next received signal  745  is a signal needed for setup or release of a new RRC connection. Signal classifier component  715  may classify the next received signal  745  in second class  755  when the next received signal  745  is a signal needed to maintain a RRC connection state. As further shown in  FIG. 7 , signal classifier component  715  may provide first class  750  indication or second class  755  indication to timer adjustment component  720 . 
     Timer adjustment component  720  may include hardware or a combination of hardware and software that may receive indication  730  of the initialized dormancy timer values from initialization component  705 , and may receive default value  735  of the dormancy timer from default/threshold component  710 . Timer adjustment component  720  may also receive either first class  750  indication or second class  755  indication from signal classifier component  715 . If first class  750  indication is received, timer adjustment component  720  may increase default value  735  of the dormancy timer to a value larger than default value  735  (e.g., provided by indication  730  of the initialized dormancy timer values), as indicated by reference number  760 . As described above, increasing default value  735  of the dormancy timer may reduce a number of setups or releases of RRC connections. If second class  755  indication is received, timer adjustment component  720  may decrease default value  735  of the dormancy timer to a value smaller than default value  735  (e.g., provided by indication  730  of the initialized dormancy timer values), as indicated by reference number  765 . As described above, decreasing default value  735  of the dormancy timer may reduce a number of RRC connections. 
     Although  FIG. 7  shows example functional components of dormancy timer  620 , in other implementations, dormancy timer  620  may contain fewer functional components, different functional components, differently arranged functional components, or additional functional components than depicted in  FIG. 7 . In still other implementations, one or more functional components of dormancy timer  620  may perform one or more other tasks described as being performed by one or more other functional components of dormancy timer  620 . 
       FIGS. 8-10  are flow charts of an example process  800  for optimizing LTE capacity using an adaptive dormancy timer according to implementations described herein. In one implementation, process  800  may be performed by base station  130 . In another implementation, some or all of process  800  may be performed by another device or group of devices (e.g., user device  110 ), including or excluding base station  130 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , process  800  may include classifying access/control channel signals into a first class or a second class (block  810 ), and initializing a dormancy timer (block  820 ). For example, in implementations described above in connection with  FIG. 7 , initialization component  705  of device  600  may classify access channel and control channel signals into classes, as indicated by reference number  725 . In one example, initialization component  705  access/control channel signals into a first class or a second class. Initialization component  705  may also initialize the dormancy timer, as indicated by reference number  730 . 
     As further shown in  FIG. 8 , process  800  may include setting the dormancy timer to a default value (block  830 ), and setting a signal target utilization threshold (block  840 ). For example, in implementations described above in connection with  FIG. 7 , default/threshold component  710  of device  600  may set the dormancy timer to default value  735 , and may set signal target utilization threshold  740 . Signal target utilization threshold  740  may include a configurable threshold for a number of control signals (e.g., transfer request  560 ) received by user device  110  or base station  130 . 
     Returning to  FIG. 8 , process  800  may include receiving signals via an access/control channel (block  850 ), and identifying a particular signal as first class or second class when the signal target utilization threshold is met by the received signals (block  860 ). For example, in implementations described above in connection with  FIG. 7 , signal classifier component  715  of device  600  may receive signals  745  (e.g., transfer requests  560  from user device  110 - 1 ), and may determine if a number of received signals  745  exceeds signal target utilization threshold  740 . When the number of received signals  745  exceeds signal target utilization threshold  740 , signal classifier component  715  may classify (e.g., based on indication  725  of the signal classification) a next received signal  745  as belonging to first class  750  or to second class  755 . Signal classifier component  715  may classify the next received signal  745  in first class  750  when the next received signal  745  is a signal needed for setup or release of a new RRC connection. Signal classifier component  715  may classify the next received signal  745  in second class  755  when the next received signal  745  is a signal needed to maintain a RRC connection state. 
     As further shown in  FIG. 8 , when the particular signal is classified as first class, process  800  may include increasing the value of the dormancy timer (block  870 ). When the particular signal is classified as second class, process  800  may include decreasing the value of the dormancy timer (block  880 ). For example, in implementations described above in connection with  FIG. 7 , timer adjustment component  720  of device  600  may receive either first class  750  indication or second class  755  indication from signal classifier component  715 . If first class  750  indication is received, timer adjustment component  720  may increase default value  735  of the dormancy timer to a value larger than default value  735  (e.g., provided by indication  730  of the initialized dormancy timer values), as indicated by reference number  760 . If second class  755  indication is received, timer adjustment component  720  may decrease default value  735  of the dormancy timer to a value smaller than default value  735  (e.g., provided by indication  730  of the initialized dormancy timer values), as indicated by reference number  765 . 
     Process block  810  may include the process blocks depicted in  FIG. 9 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , process block  810  may include classifying the access/control channel signals into the first class when the signals are needed for setup or release of new RRC connections (block  900 ) or classifying the access/control channel signals into the second class when the signals are needed to maintain RRC connection states (block  910 ). For example, in implementations described above in connection with  FIG. 7 , initialization component  705  of device  600  may classify, into a first class, access/control channel signals that are needed for setup or release of new RRC connections, and may classify, into a second class, access/control channel signals that are needed to maintain RRC connection states. 
     Process block  820  may include the process blocks depicted in  FIG. 10 . As shown in  FIG. 10 , process block  820  may include initializing the dormancy timer to a default value (block  1000 ), initializing the dormancy timer to a value smaller than the default value (block  1010 ), or initializing the dormancy timer to a value larger than the default value (block  1020 ). For example, in implementations described above in connection with  FIG. 7 , initialization component  705  of device  600  may initialize the dormancy timer to a default value (e.g., a value pre-configured for user device  110  or base station  130 ), a value larger than the default value, or a value smaller than the default value. The value larger than the default value may reduce a number of setups or releases of RRC connections. Whereas, the value smaller than the default value may reduce a number of RRC connections. 
     Systems and/or methods described herein may adaptively and dynamically optimize a setting of a dormancy timer to improve a capacity of a LTE system. The dormancy timer may be provided in a user device and/or a base station, and may be used to time a dormant (or inactive) state of the user device. 
     The foregoing description of implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the invention. 
     For example, while series of blocks have been described with regard to  FIGS. 8-10 , the order of the blocks may be modified in other implementations. Further, non-dependent blocks may be performed in parallel. 
     It will be apparent that example aspects, as described above, may be implemented in many different forms of software, firmware, and hardware in the implementations illustrated in the figures. The actual software code or specialized control hardware used to implement these aspects should not be construed as limiting. Thus, the operation and behavior of the aspects were described without reference to the specific software code—it being understood that software and control hardware could be designed to implement the aspects based on the description herein. 
     Further, certain portions of the invention may be implemented as a “component” or “logic” that performs one or more functions. These components or logic may include hardware, such as a processor, an ASIC, or a FPGA, or a combination of hardware and software. 
     Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of the invention. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one other claim, the disclosure of the invention includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. 
     No element, act, or instruction used in the present application should be construed as critical or essential to the invention unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the article “a” is intended to include one or more items. Where only one item is intended, the term “one” or similar language is used. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise.