Abstract:
This invention provides novel formulations for N-[4-(5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-10(11H)ylcarbonyl)-3-chlorophenyl]-5-fluoro-2-methyl-benzamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and processes for making them, the formulations comprising from about 1% to about 20% of active ingredient, from about 1% to about 18% of a surfactant component, from about 50% to about 80% of a component of one or more polyethylene glycols, from about 1% to about 20% of a component of one or more sucrose fatty acid esters and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone and, optionally, one or more pharmaceutically acceptable preservatives or antioxidants

Description:
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/228812, which was converted from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/405,772, filed Sep. 27, 1999, pursuant to a petition filed under 37 C.F.R. 1.53(c)(2)(i). 
     This applications concerns new formulations for N-[4-(5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-10(11H)ylcarbonyl)-3-chlorophenyl]-5-fluoro-2-methylbenzamide, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as well as processes for manufacturing the formulations. The invention particularly relates to orally administered formulations of these compounds. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The art describes many methods of producing liquid or semi-solid encapsulated pharmaceutical formulations. In Bull. Tech./Gattefosse Rep. (1996), 89, 27-38, authors Shah et al. describe hard gelatin capsule technology, particularly for use in enhancing the bioavailability of poorly soluble or poorly absorbed drugs. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,620,974 (Hersh et al.) teaches a hard gelatin capsule comprising a telescoping two-piece cap with a lubricant comprising a polyethylene glycol of a molecular weight between about 200 and about 900 present in admixture with the composition at a concentration of from about 0.5 to about 25 weight percent. 
     WO 96/40071 (Lamberti) discloses methods and devices for producing minimal volume capsules. WO 96/41622 (Tanner et al.) teaches suspensions suitable for encapsulation in gelatin capsules, particularly including a solid phase of solid particles and a liquid phase capable of suspending the solid phase. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,512 (Cimiluca) teaches soft gelatin encapsulated analgesics in which the shell contains a xanthine derivative, such as caffeine. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,578,391 (Kawata et al.) describes oily compositions for antitumor agents comprising at least one sparingly oil soluble or water-soluble antitumor drug, at least one fat or oil, and at least one solubilizing adjuvant in an oily vehicle, selected from crown ether, lecithin, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, vitamin E, polyoxyehtylene alkylether, and sucrose esters of fatty acids. 
     EP 0 815 854 A1 discloses a substantially translucent, semi-solid fill material for a soft gelatin capsule, the semi-solid material being sufficiently viscous that it cannot be expelled from the capsule with a syringe at room temperature. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,744,988 (Brox) teaches soft gelatin capsules comprising a shell of gelatin, a softener and a filling of a polyethylene glycol and a low polyhydric alcohol and at least one active substance, characterized in that the shell contains 4 to 40 percent sorbital or sorbitanes, at least half of the weight of polyethylene glycol used is a polyethylene glycol having a mean molecular weight of 600, and the capsule filling comprises up to 20% by weight of glycerol and/or 1,2-propylene glycol. 
     WO 95/19579 (Dhabhar) teaches a process for solubilizing difficulty soluble pharmaceutical agents in a mixture of polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol by using a polyvinylpyrrolidone with a specific viscosity average molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 25,000. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention provides orally administerable formulations for N-[4-(5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-10(11H)ylcarbonyl)-3-chlorophenyl]-5-fluoro-2-methylbenzamide, also known as VPA-985, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which has the structure:                           
     VPA-985 is a V2 receptor antagonist (vasopressin antagonist) with the ability to elicit the removal of water in mammals, without the excretion of necessary electrolytes. The synthesis of this compound and its salts is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,774 (Albright et al.), which is fully incorporated herein by reference. VPA-985 can be seen as Example 482 in U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,774. This compound is highly insoluble in both conventional, orally acceptable oils, such as safflower or sesame seed oils, and in aqueous systems. Therefore, its pharmaceutical formulation requires a novel approach. 
     The formulations of this invention comprise (by % w/w): 
     a) from about 1% to about 20% of N-[4-(5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-10(11H)ylcarbonyl)-3-chlorophenyl]-5-fluoro-2-methylbenzamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preferably from about 5% to about 16% of this active ingredient; 
     b) from about 1% to about 18% of a surfactant component, preferably from about 5% to about 10% of the surfactant component; 
     c) from about 50% to about 80% of a component of one or more polyethylene glycols (PEG), preferably from about 55% to about 70% of one or more different molecular weight grades of polyethylene glycols; and 
     d) from about 1% to about 20%, preferably from about 5% to about 15% and more preferably between about 8% and about 12%, of a component of: 
     i) one or more sucrose fatty acid esters; or 
     ii) a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with a K value between about 15 and 90, preferably with a K value of from about 17 as defined in USP/NF; or 
     iii) a combination of one or more sucrose fatty acid esters and a PVP, as defined above. 
     The polyethylene glycol component may be comprised of one or more PEG polymers, preferably commercially available PEG polymers between PEG 200 and PEG 4,000, i.e. those PEG polymers having an average molecular weight between about 190 and about 4800. More preferred are PEG polymers between average molecular weights of from about 190 to about 3450, most preferably between about 400 and 1540. Among the preferred PEG polymers are PEG 400, having an average molecular weight between about 380 and about 420, and PEG 1,000, having an average molecular weight between about 950 and about 1050. The ratio of high and low molecular weight PEG species within the PEG component is preferably from about 2.5:1 to about 1:2.5, more preferably about 1:1. As an example, a preferred blend of PEG polymers within this invention would include a 1:1 blend of PEG 400 and PEG 1000. It may be preferable to choose a mixture of PEG components which will have a melting point at or near the physiological temperature of the mammal to receive the formulation. Mixtures of final components which have a viscosity range of from about 140 to about 1500 centipoise at 37° C. may be preferred, more preferably a range of from 300 to about 800 centipoise at 37° C. 
     The surfactants that may be used with the present formulations include, but not limited to, polysorbate 20 (polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monolaurate), Polysorbate 60, Polysorbate 40, polysorbate 80, Span 80 Sorbitan Oleate, a product of ICI Americas, Wilmington, Delaware, polysorbate 81, polysorbate 85, polysorbate 120, bile acids and their salts defined by Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia Thirtieth Edition on page 1341-1342 such as Sodium taurocholates, Sodium deoxytaurocholates, Chenodeoxycholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid, and pluronic or poloxamers such as Pluronic F68, Pluronic L44, Pluronic L101, or combinations of one or more of the above. Polysorbate 80, by itself or in combination with one or more other surfactants, is preferred for use with this invention. 
     The sucrose fatty acid esters useful with this invention include those commercially available and art recognized esters useful for orally administered pharmaceutical compositions, including monoesters, diesters and triesters of sucrose, or mixtures or blends thereof. Specific examples of esters useful with this invention are sucrose monolaurate, sucrose monomyristate, sucrose monopalminate, sucrose monostearate, sucrose distearate, sucrose tristearate, sucrose trimyristate, and sucrose tripalmitate, or combinations thereof. 
     In addition to these components, other enhancing or protective pharmaceutically acceptable antioxidants or preservatives may be added to the compositions of this invention to comprise up to about 4% of the composition, by weight, more preferably up to about 3%. Examples may include ascorbyl palmitate, benzyl alcohol, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), etc. Examples of these components in the present formulations would include BHA at a concentration from about 0.3% to about 2.5% (% w/w) and BHT at a concentration from about 0.005% to about 0.15% (% w/w), preferably with a mixture of BHA and BHT within these ranges. 
     A formulation of this invention utilizing one or more of these antioxidants or preservatives comprises: 
     a) from about 1% to about 20% of N-[4-(5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-10(11H)ylcarbonyl)-3-chlorophenyl]-5-fluoro-2-methylbenzamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, preferably from about 5% to about 16% of this active ingredient; 
     b) from about 1% to about 18% of a surfactant component, preferably from about 5% to about 15% of the surfactant component, more preferably from about 8 to about 12% of the surfactant component; 
     c) from about 50% to about 80% of a component of one or more different molecular weight grades of polyethylene glycols (PEG), preferably from about 55% to about 70% of one or more polyethylene glycols; 
     d) from about 1% to about 20%, preferably about 5% to about 15%, of one or more sucrose fatty acid esters or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with a K value between about 15 and 90, preferably with a K value of from about 17 as defined in USP/NF; and 
     e) from about 0.1% to about 4%, preferably from about 0.1 to about 3%, of one or more preservatives or antioxidants, for example from about 0.3% to about 2.5% (% w/w) BHA and/or from about 0.005% to about 0.15% (% w/w) BHT. 
     One preferred embodiment of this invention provides a pharmaceutical formulation comprising: 
     a) from about 5% to about 16% of N-[4-(5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-10(11H)ylcarbonyl)-3-chlorophenyl]-5-fluoro-2-methylbenzamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; 
     b) from about 5% to about 10% of a surfactant component; 
     c) a component of from about 55% to about 70% of one or more different molecular weight grades of polyethylene glycols; 
     d) from about 5% to about 15% of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with a K value between about 15 and 90, preferably with a K value of from about 17 as defined in USP/NF; and 
     e) from about 0.3% to about 2.5% (% w/w) BHA and from about 0.005% to about 0.15% (% w/w) BHT. 
     Preferably, the formulations of this invention are enclosed in a sealed enclosure after manufacture, such as soft or hard gelatin capsules. The formulations of this invention may be created as a liquid or semi-liquid formulation and introduced into a capsule. Similarly, using an acceptable range of components and/or temperatures, the formulation may be made as a gel or solid prior to encapsulation. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention also includes a method for producing the formulations disclosed herein. The process comprises the steps of: 
     a) combining, preferably with mixing or stirring, the PEG and surfactant components to create a first carrier mixture; 
     b) raising the temperature of the first carrier mixture to a range of from about 75° C. to about 95° C., preferably from about 80° C. to about 90° C.; 
     c) adding the active pharmacological agent (VPA-985) to create a first pharmaceutical composition mixture; 
     d) stirring the first pharmaceutical composition mixture, preferably with heating, until the first pharmaceutical composition mixture is clear, preferably at a temperature from about 115° C. to about 170° C., preferably from about 130° C. to about 170° C., more preferably at a temperature from about 135° C. to about 150° C.; 
     e) cooling the first pharmaceutical composition, if necessary, to a temperature of from about 60° C. to about 110° C., preferably from about 80° C. to about 90° C.; 
     f) adding the amount of sucrose fatty acid ester(s) and/or povidone to create a final pharmaceutical composition mixture, preferably with stirring until the final pharmaceutical composition mixture is clear. 
     In cases wherein optional antioxidants or preservatives are used, such as BHA, BHT, etc., the following steps may be employed: 
     a) combining, preferably with mixing or stirring, the PEG component (such as a mixture of PEG 400 and PEG 1000) and the surfactant component (such as Polysorbate 80) to create a first carrier mixture; 
     b) raising the temperature of the first carrier mixture to a range of from about 75° C. to about 95° C., preferably from about 80° C. to about 90° C.; 
     c) adding to the first carrier mixture optional antioxidant or preservative components to create a second carrier mixture, which is then stirred or otherwise mixed until the second carrier mixture is a clear solution; 
     d) adding the active pharmacological agent or drug, component (VPA-985) to create a first pharmaceutical composition mixture; 
     e) stirring the first pharmaceutical composition mixture, preferably with heating, until the first pharmaceutical composition mixture is clear, preferably at a temperature from about 130° C. to about 150° C., more preferably at a temperature from about 135° C. to about 145° C.; 
     f) optionally cooling the first pharmaceutical composition to a temperature of from about 75° C. to about 95° C., preferably from about 80° C. to about 90° C.; 
     g) adding the amount of sucrose fatty acid ester(s) and/or povidone to create a final pharmaceutical composition mixture, preferably with stirring until the final pharmaceutical composition mixture is clear. 
     One skilled in the art will understand the viscosity and form of the final formulation may be manipulated with components within the scope of this invention and temperature ranges during processing. For instance, a fluid or semi-solid composition may be produced with the more fluid PEG, surfactant and PVP species within the scope of this invention. More gel-like, viscous or semi-solid compositions may be produced with combinations of higher molecular weight PEG components and PVP components having higher K values. Moreover, the components may be cooled below their melting point if milling or other processing of the final composition is desired. To create a more pelletized initial composition, a fluid composition of this invention may be sprayed onto a cooled Teflon®-coated surface to form small solid spheres, which may be individually coated or collected for further processing. 
     Specific non-limiting examples of formulations within the scope of this invention are provided below. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     50 mg/capsule: VPA-985 Oral Formulation at 10% Drug Loading 
     In place of the polysorbate 80 in this formulation of Example 1, other polysorbate series such as Tween 20, 40 and 60 can also be used, alone or in combination with each other and/or polysorbate 80. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 20,000 
               
               
                   
                   
                 per capsule 
                 capsule batch 
               
               
                   
                 (% w/w) 
                 (mg) 
                 (g) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Active Ingredient: 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 VPA-985 @ 100% 
                 10.42 
                 50.00 
                 1000.00 
               
               
                 Inactive Ingredients: 
               
               
                 PEG 1000, NF 
                 30.96 
                 148.61 
                 2,972.16 
               
               
                 Povidone USP K-17 
                 10.00 
                 48.00 
                 960.00 
               
               
                 Polysorbate 80, NF 
                 10.00 
                 48.00 
                 960.00 
               
               
                 BHT, NF 
                 0.09 
                 0.42 
                 8.32 
               
               
                 BHA, NF 
                 0.87 
                 4.16 
                 83.2 
               
               
                 PBG 400, NF 2   
                 Q.S. to 
                 Q.S. to 
                 Q.S. to 9,600 
               
               
                   
                 100 
                 480.00 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     1. Weigh the Polysorbate 80, PEG 400, and PEG 1000 into a suitable mixing vessel, stir using a top mounted mixer, and warm to 85±5° C. 
     2. Add BHT and BHA to the mixing vessel, very slowly to prevent formation of lumps. Continue stirring at 85±5° C., until a clear solution was formed. 
     3. Add VPA-985 to the vessel at 85±5° C., very slowly to prevent formation of lumps. Slowly raise the temperature to 125±5° C., and stir until VPA-985 dissolves completely. 
     4. Cool the solution in step 4. to 60±5° C. 
     5. Add Povidone, USP, K-17 (Plasdone C-15, ISP) slowly to step 5, to prevent the formation of lumps. 
     Let the solution warm up to 85±5° C. Stir until the solution becomes clear. 
     6. Encapsulate 480 mg of the finished solution (in step 10) into size 1 capsules at 38±5° C. using either soft or hard gelatin capsule filler. During encapsulation cool the body of capsule using cool Nitrogen to prevent leaking. 
     7. Band seal the capsules with gelatin solution (optional). 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     50 mg/capsule: VPA-985 Oral Formulation at 10% Drug Loading 
     In place of surfactant used in this formulation (poloxamer 188), other polymers in the series such as Pluronic L44, Pluronic L101 can also be used. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 20,000 
               
               
                   
                   
                 per capsule 
                 capsule batch 
               
               
                   
                 (% w/w) 
                 (mg) 
                 (g) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Active Ingredient: 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 VPA-985 @ 100% 
                 10.42 
                 50.00 
                 1000.00 
               
               
                 Inactive Ingredients: 
               
               
                 Povidone USP K-17 
                 10.00 
                 48.00 
                 960.00 
               
               
                 (Plasdone C-15, ISP) 
               
               
                 Poloxamer 188, NF 
                 12.00 
                 57.60 
                 1152.00 
               
               
                 BHT NF 
                 0.09 
                 0.42 
                 8.32 
               
               
                 BHA NF 
                 0.87 
                 4.16 
                 83.20 
               
               
                 PEG 400 NF 
                 Q.S. to 100 
                 Q.S. to 480.00 
                 Q.S. to 9600 g 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is manufactured the same as that of the formula of Example 1 (50 mg/capsule) with the exception that 12% of poloxamer was used in place of the polysorbate 80 in this formulation. The encapsulation weight is 480 mg. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     50 mg/capsule 
     Example 4 provides a formulation with a combination of two or more surfactants. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 20,000 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 capsule batch 
               
               
                   
                 (% w/w) 
                 per capsule (mg) 
                 (g) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Active Ingredient: 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 VPA-985 @ 100% 
                 10.64 
                 51.07 
                 1,021.44 
               
               
                 Inactive Ingredient: 
               
               
                 PEG 1000, NF 
                 28.60 
                 137.28 
                 2,745.60 
               
               
                 Povidone USP K-17 
                 10.00 
                 48.00 
                 960.00 
               
               
                 (Plasdone C-15, ISP) 
               
               
                 Polysorbate 40, NF 
                 5.00 
                 24.00 
                 480.00 
               
               
                 Poloxamer 188, NF 
                 10.00 
                 48.00 
               
               
                 BHT, NF 
                 0.09 
                 0.43 
                 8.64 
               
               
                 BHA, NF 
                 0.87 
                 4.18 
                 83.52 
               
               
                 PEG 400, NF 
                 Q.S. to 100 
                 Q.S. to 480.00 
                 Q.S.to 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 9600.00 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The formulation of Example 3 is manufactured the same as that of Example 1 (50 mg/capsule) with the exception that two surfactants, polysorbate 40 and poloxamer 188 were added in step 1 along with PEG 400 and PEG 1000. The encapsulation weight is 480 mg. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     25 mg/capsule: VPA-985 Oral Formulation at 5% Drug Loading 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 20,000 
               
               
                   
                   
                 per capsule 
                 capsule 
               
               
                   
                 (% w/w) 
                 (mg) 
                 batch (g) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Active Ingredient: 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 VPA-985 @ 100% 
                 5.49 
                 25.00 
                 500.00 
               
               
                 Inactive Ingredient: 
               
               
                 PEG 1000, NF 
                 32.66 
                 148.61 
                 2,972.16 
               
               
                 Povidone, USP K-17 
                 10.55 
                 48.00 
                 960.00 
               
               
                 (Plasdone C-15, ISP) 
               
               
                 Polysorbate 80, NF 
                 10.55 
                 48.00 
                 960.00 
               
               
                 BHT, NF 
                 0.09 
                 0.42 
                 8.32 
               
               
                 BHA, NF 
                 0.91 
                 4.16 
                 83.2 
               
               
                 PEG 400, NF 2   
                 Q.S. to 100 
                 Q.S. to 
                 Q.S. to 
               
               
                   
                   
                 455.00 
                 9,100 g 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The formulation of Example 4 is produced in the same manner as that of 50 mg/capsule, above, with the exception that the heating temperature to solubilize VPA-985 in step 3 is 115±5° C., instead of 120±5° C. The encapsulation weight is 455 mg. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     100 mg/capsule: VPA-985 Oral Formulation at 15% Drug Loading 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 per capsule 
                 20,000 capsule 
               
               
                   
                 (% w/w) 
                 (mg) 
                 batch (g) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Active Ingredient: 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 VPA-985 @ 100% 
                 15.38 
                 100.00 
                 2,000.00 
               
               
                 Inactive Ingredient: 
               
               
                 PEG 1000, NF 
                 28.98 
                 188.35 
                 3,767.05 
               
               
                 Povidone USP K-17 
                 10.00 
                 65.00 
                 1,300.00 
               
               
                 (Plasdone C-15, ISP) 3   
               
               
                 Polysorbate 80, NF 
                 9.45 
                 61.39 
                 1,227.91 
               
               
                 BHT, NF 
                 0.08 
                 0.53 
                 10.64 
               
               
                 BHA, NF 
                 0.82 
                 5.32 
                 106.42 
               
               
                 PEG 400, NF 
                 Q.S. to 100 
                 Q.S. to 650.00 
                 Q.S. to 13,000.00 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation is produced with the same steps as the 50 mg/capsule, above, with the exception that the heating temperature to solubilize VPA-985 in step 3 is 145±5° C., instead of 120±5° C. The encapsulation weight is 650 mg in size 0 hard gelatin capsule. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     VPA-985: 150 mg in Size 00 Capsule 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 20,000 
               
               
                   
                   
                 per capsule 
                 capsule batch 
               
               
                   
                 (% w/w) 
                 (mg) 
                 (g) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Active Ingredient: 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 VPA-985 @ 100% 
                 16.48 
                 149.97 
                 2,999.36 
               
               
                 Inactive Ingredients: 
               
               
                 PEG 1000, NF 
                 26.3 
                 239.33 
                 4,786.60 
               
               
                 Povidone USP K-17 
                 15 
                 136.50 
                 2,730.00 
               
               
                 (Plasdone C-15, ISP) 
               
               
                 Polysorbate 80, NF 
                 9.32 
                 84.81 
                 1,696.24 
               
               
                 BHT, NF 
                 0.08 
                 0.73 
                 14.56 
               
               
                 BHA, NF 
                 0.81 
                 7.37 
                 147.42 
               
               
                 PEG 400, NF 
                 Q.S. to 100 
                 Q.S. to 
                 Q.S. to 
               
               
                   
                   
                 910.00 
                 18,200.00 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This formulation of Example 6 is produced with the same steps as that of 50 mg/capsule with the exception of the heating temperature to solubilize VPA-985 in step 3 is 150±5° C., instead of 145±5° C. The encapsulation weight is 910 mg in size 00 hard gelatin capsule. 
     The following specific Examples 7 through 11 shown in Table 1, below, were N-[4-(5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepin-10(11H)ylcarbonyl)-3-chlorophenyl]-5-fluoro-2-methyl-benzamide (VPA-985) with varying concentrations of PEG 400, PEG 1000, two PVP components with respective K values of 15 and 90, and a combination of BHA and BHT as an adjuvant component. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 PEG 
                 PEG 
                 PVP 
                 PVP 
                   
                   
                   
                 VPA- 
               
               
                 Example 
                 400 
                 1000 
                 K15 
                 K90 
                 BHT 
                 BHA 
                 NATC 
                 985 
               
               
                 No. 
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
                 (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                  7 
                 55.40 
                 20.00 
                 10.00 
                  0.00 
                 0.20 
                 2.00 
                 2.40 
                 10.00 
               
               
                  8 
                 40.40 
                 35.00 
                 10.00 
                  0.00 
                 0.20 
                 2.00 
                 2.40 
                 10.00 
               
               
                  9 
                 75.40 
                  0.00 
                  5.00 
                  5.00 
                 0.20 
                 2.00 
                 2.40 
                 10.00 
               
               
                 10 
                 65.40 
                 10.00 
                  0.00 
                 10.00 
                 0.20 
                 2.00 
                 2.40 
                 10.00 
               
               
                 11 
                 40.40 
                 35.00 
                  5.00 
                  5.00 
                 0.20 
                 2.00 
                 2.40 
                 10.00 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Similary, the following Examples 12 trough 32 were formulated by the methods herein using PEG 400, PEG 1000, PVP with a K value of 17, VPA-985, BHA and BHT as antioxidants or preservatives and the additional components listed as “other”. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ex. 
                 PEG 
                 PEG 
                 PVP 
                 VPA- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 No. 
                 400 
                 1000 
                 K-17 
                 985 
                 BHA 
                 BHT 
                 Other 
                 Other 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 12 
                 40.40 
                 35.00 
                 10.00 
                 10.00 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Sodium 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Taurocholate 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                  2.40 
               
               
                 13 
                 75.40 
                 — 
                  5.00 
                 10.21 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Sodium 
                 PVP 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Taurocholate 
                 K-90 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                  2.40 
                  5.00 
               
               
                 14 
                 42.59 
                 35.00 
                 10.00 
                 10.21 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 15 
                 34.35 
                 28.23 
                 10.00 
                 10.21 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Poloxamer 188 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 15.00 
               
               
                 16 
                 42.59 
                 20.00 
                 10.00 
                 10.21 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Poloxamer 188 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 15.00 
               
               
                 17 
                 37.10 
                 30.49 
                 10.00 
                 10.21 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Poloxamer 188 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 10.00 
               
               
                 18 
                 35.72 
                 29.36 
                 10.00 
                 10.21 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Poloxamer 188 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 12.50 
               
               
                 19 
                 34.35 
                 28.23 
                 10.00 
                 10.21 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Poloxamer 188 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 15.00 
               
               
                 20 
                 37.10 
                 30.49 
                 10.00 
                 10.21 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Poloxamer 188 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 10.00 
               
               
                 21 
                 34.35 
                 28.23 
                 10.00 
                 10.21 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Poloxamer 188 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 15.00 
               
               
                 22 
                 35.72 
                 29.36 
                 10.00 
                 10.21 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Poloxamer 188 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 12.50 
               
               
                 23 
                 36.86 
                 30.30 
                 10.00 
                 10.64 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Pluronic L44  
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 10.00 
               
               
                 24 
                 36.86 
                 30.30 
                 10.00 
                 10.64 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Pluronic L101 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 10.00 
               
               
                 25 
                 39.61 
                 32.55 
                 10.00 
                 10.64 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Tween 40 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                  5.00 
               
               
                 26 
                 41.25 
                 33.91 
                 10.00 
                 10.64 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Tween 40 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                  2.00 
               
               
                 27 
                 39.61 
                 32.55 
                 10.00 
                 10.64 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Tween 20 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                  5.00 
               
               
                 28 
                 41.25 
                 33.91 
                 10.00 
                 10.64 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Tween 20 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                  2.00 
               
               
                 29 
                 34.12 
                 28.04 
                 10.00 
                 10.64 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Tween 40 
                 Poloxamer 188 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5.00 
                 10.00 
               
               
                 30 
                 36.86 
                 30.30 
                 10.00 
                 10.64 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Tween 40 
                 — 
               
               
                 31 
                 36.86 
                 30.30 
                 10.00 
                 10.64 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Tween 80 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 10.00 
               
               
                 32 
                 34.12 
                 28.04 
                 10.00 
                 10.64 
                 2.00 
                 0.20 
                 Tween 80 
                 Poloxamer 188 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                  5.00 
                 10.00 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 33 
     25 capsule in Size #3 capsule: Oral formulation at 10% Drug Loading 
     In place of the polysorbate 80, other polysorbate series such as Tween 20, 40 and 60 can also be used. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 20,000 
               
               
                   
                   
                 per capsule 
                 capsule batch 
               
               
                   
                 (% w/w) 
                 (mg) 
                 (g) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Active Ingredient: 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 VPA-985 @ 100% 
                 10.42 
                 25 
                 500.00 
               
               
                 Inactive Ingredients: 
               
               
                 PEG 1000, NF 
                 30.96 
                 74.31 
                 1,486.08 
               
               
                 Povidone USP K-17 
                 10.00 
                 24.00 
                 480.00 
               
               
                 Polysorbate 80, NF 
                 10.00 
                 24.00 
                 480.00 
               
               
                 BHT, NF 
                 0.09 
                 0.21 
                 4.16 
               
               
                 BHA, NF 
                 0.87 
                 2.08 
                 41.6 
               
               
                 PEG 400, NF 2   
                 Q.S. to 100 
                 Q.S. to 240 
                 Q.S. to 4800