Abstract:
A system, method, and apparatus for integrated resource planning for satellite systems are disclosed. The method involves obtaining user communication demand for at least one region. The method further involves generating a beam map comprising at least one beam for each of the regions according to the user communication demand. Also, the method involves generating at least one configuration profile for the satellite system by using the beam map. Additionally, the method involves performing a performance analysis by comparing: the user communication demand versus one of the configuration profiles, the user communication demand versus actual communication demand, one of the configuration profiles versus the actual communication demand, and/or one of the configuration profiles versus another one of the configuration profiles. Further, the method optionally involves determining power flux spectral density (PFSD) for the beam frequency spectrum for each of the beams by using at least one of the configuration profiles.

Description:
FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to resource planning. In particular, it relates to integrated resource planning for satellite systems. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Currently, resources in a satellite system are allocated in a disjointed effort, which does not ensure that all of the system constraints are not violated. As such, there is a need for an integrated solution that performs resource allocation for a satellite system, while ensuring that all system constraints are not violated. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present disclosure relates to a method, system, and apparatus for integrated resource planning for satellite systems. In one or more embodiments, a method for integrated resource planning for a satellite system involves obtaining, by at least one computer, user communication demand for at least one region. The method further involves generating, by at least one computer, a beam map comprising at least one beam for each of the regions according to the user communication demand. In addition, the method involves generating, by at least one computer, at least one configuration profile for the satellite system by using the beam map. Further, the method involves performing, by at least one computer, performance analysis by comparing the user communication demand versus one of the configuration profiles, the user communication demand versus actual communication demand, one of the configuration profiles versus the actual communication demand, and one of the configuration profiles versus another one of the configuration profiles. 
     In one or more embodiments, at least one of the regions is defined by a polygon. In some embodiments, the polygon is defined by at least three points, where each point comprises a latitude and a longitude. In one or more embodiments, at least one of the beams is a cell. 
     In at least one embodiment, the generating, by at least one computer, at least one configuration profile involves: assigning a gateway frequency spectrum for each gateway of the satellite system; assigning an allocation group frequency spectrum for each allocation group; assigning a beam frequency spectrum for each beam in the beam map; assigning a service band frequency spectrum for each gateway; assigning power for a carrier of the beam frequency spectrum for each beam to achieve a desired data rate and/or link margin for each beam; verifying that the assigned power will not overdrive any components on the satellite; verifying that the assigned power will not overdrive any components on each gateway; estimating an amount of interference the allocation group frequency spectrums are causing to the service band frequency spectrum; and/or using at least one of the assigned gateway frequency spectrums, the allocation group frequency spectrums, the beam frequency spectrums, the service band frequency spectrum, and the powers for the carriers to generate at least one configuration profile. In at least one embodiment, the components on the satellite verified not to be overdriven comprise a solid state power amplifier (SSPA), a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA), and/or a diplexer. The tool also ensures that the Ground Satellite Base Station Subsystem (SBSS) dynamic power range is not exceeded. 
     In one or more embodiments, each of the allocation groups comprises at least one terminal type. In some embodiments, at least one terminal type is a handheld-inconspicuous device, a handheld-smartphone device, a handheld-ruggedized device, an asset tracking device, a portable device, a semi-fixed device, a vehicular device, a maritime-small device, a maritime-large device, and/or an aeronautical device. 
     In at least one embodiment, the service band frequency spectrum is a return calibration (RCAL) frequency spectrum, a forward calibration (FCAL) frequency spectrum, an absolute calibration (ACAL) frequency spectrum, and/or a pointing reference beacon (PRB) frequency spectrum. In some embodiments, the method further involves determining, by at least one computer, the power flux spectral density (PFSD) for each beam frequency spectrum by using at least one configuration profile. 
     In one or more embodiments, a system for integrated resource planning for a satellite system involves at least one computer to obtain user communication demand for at least one region; to generate a beam map comprising at least one beam for each of the regions according to the user communication demand; to generate at least one configuration profile for the satellite system by using the beam map; and/or to perform performance analysis by comparing the user communication demand versus one of the configuration profiles, the user communication demand versus actual communication demand, one of the configuration profiles versus the actual communication demand, and/or one of the configuration profiles versus another one of the configuration profiles. 
     In one or more embodiments, to generate, by at least one computer, at least one configuration profile comprises to assign a gateway frequency spectrum for each gateway of the satellite system; to assign an allocation group frequency spectrum for each allocation group; to assign a beam frequency spectrum for each beam in the beam map; to assign a service band frequency spectrum for each gateway; to assign power for a carrier of the beam frequency spectrum for each beam to achieve a desired data rate and/or link margin for each beam; to verify that the assigned power will not overdrive any components on the satellite and on each gateway; to estimate an amount of interference the allocation group frequency spectrums are causing to the service band frequency spectrum; and to use the assigned gateway frequency spectrums, the allocation group frequency spectrums, the beam frequency spectrums, the service band frequency spectrum, and/or the powers for the carriers to generate at least one configuration profile. 
     In at least one embodiment, at least one computer is further configured to determine the power flux spectral density (PFSD) for each beam frequency spectrum by using at least one configuration profile. 
     The features, functions, and advantages can be achieved independently in various embodiments of the present inventions or may be combined in yet other embodiments. 
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram of an exemplary satellite system that may employ the disclosed method for integrated resource planning for satellite systems of  FIG. 4 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 2  is schematic diagram showing exemplary beams (i.e. cells) on beam maps for a dedicated frequency spectrum and a shared frequency spectrum, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 3  is a diagram showing exemplary allocation groups comprising various exemplary terminal types and cell types, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 4  is a flow diagram showing the disclosed method for integrated resource planning for satellite systems, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram depicting the traffic demand mapping process of the disclosed method for integrated resource planning for satellite systems of  FIG. 4 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow chart showing the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process of the disclosed method for integrated resource planning for satellite systems of  FIG. 4 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 7  is a diagram showing Task 1 (Assign Spectrum to Gateways) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 8  is a diagram showing Task 2, Part A (Assign Spectrum to Allocation Groups) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 9  is a diagram showing Task 2, Part B (Assign Carrier Frequency and Beamport) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 10  is a diagram showing Task 3 (Assign Space-Based Network (SBN) Inner Core Resources) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 11  is a diagram showing Task 4 (Perform Link Analysis) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 12  is a diagram showing Task 5 (Satellite Loading Verification) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 13  is a diagram showing Task 6 (Perform Space-Based Satellite Subsystem (SBSS) Dynamic Range Verification) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 14  is a diagram showing Task 7 (SBN Inner Core Supporting Signals Verification) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 15  is a diagram showing Task 8 (Generating Output to Profile Generator) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 16  is a diagram depicting the forward emissions process of the disclosed method for integrated resource planning for satellite systems of  FIG. 4 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 17  is a diagram depicting the performance analysis process of the disclosed method for integrated resource planning for satellite systems of  FIG. 4 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     The methods and apparatus disclosed herein provide an operative system for integrated resource planning for satellite systems. In particular, the disclosed system comprises resource allocation (RA) tools that provide for an integrated solution for allocation resources (e.g., frequency spectrum and power) for a satellite system, while ensuring that system constraints are not violated. 
     In at least one embodiment, the present disclosure teaches RA tools that provide guidance to a user for allocating resources in, for example, a mobile satellite system (MSS), and for generating the necessary system configuration data (e.g., in the form of a configuration profile) for the MSS. The RA tools manage system resources and constraints that are introduced by integrating multiple technologies ranging from production terminals (e.g., smartphones), satellite frequency spectrum and power resources, ground based beam former (GBBF) resources, satellite based station subsystem (SBSS) resources, and the GEO (geostationary earth orbit) mobile radio (GMR)-1 third generation (3G) common air interface. 
     In addition, in at least one embodiment, the disclosed system ensures that the terminal (e.g., a Smartphone) transmit and receive power are within the terminal&#39;s dynamic range, ensures that the satellite frequency spectrum and power usage do not exceed their limits, configures the support system (e.g., system calibration) to ensure proper operation of the system, ensures that the GBBF beamport usage is not exceeded, and/or ensures proper configuration of the SBSS resources to be compliant to the GMR-1 3G standard. 
     In the following description, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough description of the system. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the disclosed system may be practiced without these specific details. In the other instances, well known features have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the system. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram  100  of an exemplary satellite system that may employ the disclosed method  400  for integrated resource planning for satellite systems of  FIG. 4 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be noted that various different satellite systems than the exemplary satellite system shown in  FIG. 1  may employ the disclosed method  400 . 
     In this figure, a beam map is shown comprising a plurality of L-band beams (e.g., cells)  120 . It should be noted that in other embodiments, various different frequency bands (e.g., C-band, Ku-band, and Ka-band) for the beams may be used other than L-band. 
     In addition, various types of user terminals  130 , which are able to communicate with each other by using the L-band beams  120 , are shown. The types of user terminals that are shown are a portable laptop type device  130   a , a handheld-smartphone device  130   b , a maritime-small device  130   c , and an aeronautical device  130   d . For other embodiments, various different types of user terminals may be employed. Refer to  FIG. 3  to view an exemplary listing  310  of various different types of user terminals that may be employed. 
     Also shown in  FIG. 1  is the space-based network (SBN) inner core  140 , which comprises a GEO-mobile satellite  150  transmitting and receiving L-band signals  160  from the beams  120  and transmitting and receiving Ku-band signals  170  from a gateway  155 . It should be noted that although not shown, this exemplary satellite system comprises two gateways  155 . In addition, it should be noted that in other embodiments, one or more than two gateways  155  may be employed. The SBN inner core  140  also comprises radio frequency equipment  165  and a ground based beam former (GBBF)  175 . The SBN inner core  140  is connected to a ground communications network  180  via beamports  185 , which are fiber connections that allow for the transfer of data for each beam  120  from the GBBF  175  to and from the ground communications network  180 . 
     Also in this figure, the ground communications network  180  is shown to comprise a satellite base station subsystem (SBSS)  185 , a core network  190 , as well as value added services  195 , such as asset tracking, customer care and billing services (GCBS), and legal interception. The ground communications network  180  is also shown to be in communication with external networks  197 . 
       FIG. 2  is schematic diagram  200  showing exemplary beams (i.e. cells) on beam maps  205  for a dedicated frequency spectrum and a shared frequency spectrum, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this figure, three beam maps  205   a ,  205   b ,  205   c  are shown. In the first beam map  205   a , a plurality of beams  210  using a dedicated frequency spectrum (i.e. a frequency spectrum only used by Mexico) are shown. In the second beam map  205   b , a plurality of beams  220  using a shared frequency spectrum (i.e. a frequency spectrum used by both Mexico and the United States) are shown. And, in the third beam map  205   c , a plurality of beams  240  using the dedicated frequency spectrum, and a plurality of beams  230  using the dedicated frequency spectrum and the shared frequency spectrum are shown. In addition, it should be noted that the exemplary beams  210 ,  220 ,  240  utilize a seven-color reuse pattern (e.g., for map  205   a , beam numbers 16-22 comprise one seven-color reuse pattern; and for map  205   b , beam numbers 23-29 comprise one seven-color reuse pattern). The exemplary beams  230  utilize two sets of a seven-color reuse pattern (e.g., for map  205   c , beam numbers 16-29 comprise two sets of a seven-color reuse pattern). 
       FIG. 3  is a diagram  300  showing exemplary allocation groups  350  comprising various exemplary terminal types  310  and cell types  330 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this figure, a system engineer (SE) defines allocation groups  340  by grouping allocation types  320  (i.e. a control channel and/or terminal types  310 ) with cell types  330 . The terminal types  310  comprise, for example, handheld-inconspicuous devices, handheld-smartphone devices, handheld-ruggedized devices, asset tracking devices, portable devices, semi-fixed devices, vehicular devices, maritime-small devices, maritime-large devices, and aeronautical devices. It should be noted that in other embodiments, various different terminal types may be used other than the terminal types  310  shown in this figure. The cell types  330  comprise standard cells, regional cells (i.e. larger sized cells than the standard cells), and micro cells (i.e. smaller sized cells than the standard cells). In other embodiments, various different cell types may be used other than the cell types  330  shown in this figure. 
     Once, the SE has defined the allocation groups  350 , each allocation group  350  (e.g., AG5) will comprise a cell type (e.g., standard), and allocation types, such as terminal types (e.g., handheld-smartphone, handheld-ruggedized, and asset tracking devices). 
       FIG. 4  is a flow diagram showing the disclosed method  400  for integrated resource planning for satellite systems, in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this figure, in particular, the various different processes of the disclosed resource allocation (RA) tool  405  are depicted. The resource allocation tool  405 , which is run on at least one computer, is shown to include four main processes: the traffic demand (TD) mapping process  410 , the spectrum and power allocation process (SPA)  415 , the forward emissions process  420 , and the performance analysis process  425 . 
     The traffic demand mapping process  410  maps user demand to individual beams (e.g., cells). The SPA process  415  comprises eight tasks. In particular, for the SPA process  415 , Task 1 assigns a frequency spectrum for each gateway, Task 2 assigns a frequency spectrum to each allocation group, Task 3 assigns the space-based network (SBN) inner core resources, Task 4 performs a link analysis, Task 5 performs a satellite loading analysis, Task 6 performs a dynamic range verification, Task 7 verifies the SBN inner core performance, and Task 8 outputs allocation data to a profile generator (PG) to generate a configuration profile for the satellite system. The forward emissions process  420  performs a radiated emission analysis to check for possible frequency spillover in neighboring regions. And, the performance analysis process  425  analyzes and compares the traffic demand verses a generated configuration profile, the traffic demand versus actual demand (e.g., obtained from statistics), a generated configuration profile versus actual demand, and/or a first configuration profile versus a second configuration profile. 
     Also shown in this figure are various inputs into and outputs from the resource allocation tool  405 . From the SE, the available L-band frequency spectrum  430  and the customer traffic demand objective  435  (e.g., refer to  FIG. 2 ) are input into the resource allocation tool  405 . In addition, other system resource allocation (SRA) tools and functions (e.g., a beam weight generator (BWG)  440 , and a profile generator (PG)  445 , which are both run on at least one computer) generate inputs for the resource allocation tool  405  and/or receive outputs from the resource allocation tool  405 . 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram  500  depicting the traffic demand mapping process of the disclosed method  400  for integrated resource planning for satellite systems of  FIG. 4 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this figure, a SE receives regions, which are defined by polygons, for user communication demand. Three maps  510  are depicted to show exemplary user communication demand for an area and the mapping of cells according to that demand. In map  510   a , polygon A shows a region defined by a polygon for communication demand for the army, and polygon B shows a region defined by a polygon for communication demand for the police. 
     A traffic demand aggregation tool, run on at least one computer, obtains the regions defined by polygons from the SE, and performs traffic demand mapping by first aggregating the polygons. Map  510   b  shows the polygons (i.e. polygon A and polygon B) aggregated together. The overlap region  520  of polygon A and polygon B has a higher demand than the non-overlapped regions  530  of polygon A and polygon B. The traffic demand aggregation tool performs traffic demand mapping by then mapping beams (i.e. cells) to the polygons according to the demand. Map  510   c  shows the beam map comprising the mapped beams. In particular, map  510   c  shows the beams for the aggregated high level demand  540 , and the beams for the aggregated low level demand  550 . 
       FIG. 6  is a flow chart showing the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process  600  of the disclosed method  400  for integrated resource planning for satellite systems of  FIG. 4 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the Tasks of the SPA process  600  will be discussed in more detail in the descriptions of  FIGS. 7-15 . 
     The SPA process  600  is performed by a SPA tool, which is run on at least one computer. At the start of this process  600 , Task 1 assigns a frequency spectrum (i.e. a gateway frequency spectrum) to each gateway  605 . Then, Task 2 assigns a frequency spectrum (i.e. a allocation group frequency spectrum) to each allocation group (AG)  610 . The process  600  then determines whether the allocation group frequency spectrum is sufficient  645 . If the frequency spectrum is determined not to be sufficient, the process  600  returns to Task 1  605 . 
     If the frequency spectrum is determined to be sufficient, the process proceeds to Task 3  615 . Task 3 assigns the SBN inner core resources  615 . The process  600  then determines whether the allocation group frequency spectrum is sufficient  650 . If the frequency spectrum is determined not to be sufficient, the process  600  returns to Task 1  605 . 
     If the frequency spectrum is determined to be sufficient, the process proceeds to Task 4  620 . Task 4 performs a link analysis  620 . The process  600  then determines whether the link performance is sufficient  655 . If the link performance is determined not to be sufficient, the process  600  determines whether to modify the frequency plan or to modify the power  675 . If the process  600  determines to modify the frequency plan, the process  600  returns to either Task 1  605  to modify the frequency plan  685  (e.g., for a big modification), or to Task 2  610  to modify the frequency plan  690  (e.g., for a small modification). However, if the process  600  determines to modify the power, the process  600  then returns to Task 3  615  to modify the forward calibration power setting  695  or to Task 4  620  to modify the allocation power  680 . 
     If the link performance is determined to be sufficient, the process proceeds to Task 5  625 . Task 5 performs a satellite loading analysis  625 . The process  600  then determines whether the satellite is overloaded  660 . If it is determined that the satellite is overloaded, the process  600  determines whether to modify the frequency plan or to modify the power  675 . If the process  600  determines to modify the frequency plan, the process  600  returns to either Task 1  605  to modify the frequency plan  685  (e.g., for a big modification), or to Task 2  610  to modify the frequency plan  690  (e.g., for a small modification). However, if the process  600  determines to modify the power, the process  600  then returns to Task 4  620  to modify the allocation power  680  or to Task 3  615  to modify the forward calibration power setting  695 . 
     If it is determined that the satellite is not overloaded, the process proceeds to Task 6  630 . Task 6 performs space-based satellite subsystem (SBSS) dynamic range verification  630 . The process  600  then determines whether the SBSS is within dynamic range 665. If it is determined that the SBSS is not within dynamic range, the process  600  determines whether to modify the frequency plan or to modify the power  675 . If the process  600  determines to modify the frequency plan, the process  600  returns to either Task 1  605  to modify the frequency plan  685  (e.g., for a big modification), or to Task 2  610  to modify the frequency plan  690  (e.g., for a small modification). However, if the process  600  determines to modify the power, the process  600  then returns to Task 4  620  to modify the allocation power  680  or to Task 3  615  to modify the forward calibration power setting  695 . 
     If it is determined that the satellite is within dynamic range, the process proceeds to Task 7  635 . Task 7 verifies space based network (SBN) inner core performance  635 . The process  600  then determines whether the SBN inner core performance threshold is met  670 . If it is determined that the threshold is not met, the process  600  returns to Task 3  615 . 
     If it is determined that the threshold is met, the process  600  proceeds to Task 8  640 . Task 8 outputs allocation data to a profile generator (PG). The PG, which is run on at least one computer, uses the allocation data to generate at least one configuration profile for the satellite system. 
       FIG. 7  is a diagram  700  showing Task 1 (Assign Spectrum to Gateways) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process  600  of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For this Task, the available L-band spectrum is used as an input  710  by the SPA tool to assign  720  a gateway frequency spectrum to each gateway (e.g., Gateway 1 and Gateway 2) to generate 730 (i.e. output) a gateway frequency spectrum plan  740 . 
       FIG. 8  is a diagram  800  showing Task 2, Part A (Assign Spectrum to Allocation Groups) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process  600  of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For this Task, the gateway frequency spectrum plan  740  (refer to  FIG. 7 ) and the traffic demand beam map  510   c  (refer to  FIG. 5 ) are used as inputs  810  by the SPA tool to assign  820  an allocation group spectrum to each allocation group (AG). Once an allocation group spectrum is assigned to each allocation group, the SPA tool determines whether the allocation group frequency spectrum is sufficient  830 . If it is determined that the spectrum is not sufficient, the tool returns  840  to Task 1 (refer to  FIG. 7 ). However, if it is determined that the spectrum is sufficient, the tool outputs  850  an allocation group frequency plan  860 . 
       FIG. 9  is a diagram  900  showing Task 2, Part B (Assign Carrier Frequency and Beamport) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process  600  of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For this Task, the aggregate traffic demand  540  and  550  from the traffic demand beam map  510   c  (refer to  FIG. 5 ), the allocation group frequency plan  860  (refer to  FIG. 8 ), and the frequency reuse pattern per beam weight type, generated by the beam weight generator (BWG) tool, are used as inputs  910  by the SPA tool to assign  920  a L-band frequency and beam port to a carrier for each beam to meet the traffic demand (i.e. to meet the desired data rate for each beam). The SPA tool then determines whether the allocation group frequency spectrum is sufficient  930 . If it is determined that the spectrum is not sufficient, the tool returns  940  to Task 1 (refer to  FIG. 7 ). However, if it is determined that the spectrum is sufficient, the tool outputs  950  a frequency and beam port assignment for the carriers  960 . 
       FIG. 10  is a diagram  1000  showing Task 3 (Assign Space-Based Network (SBN) Inner Core Resources) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process  600  of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For this Task, the frequency spectrum assignment for each gateway is used as an input  1010  by the SPA tool to assign  1020  the SBN inner core configuration (e.g, the chip rate, the frequency, and the power to the forward calibration (FCAL) signal, the return calibration (RCAL) signal, the absolute calibration (ACAL) signal, and the pointing reference beacon (PRB) signal (i.e. the beam pointing signal)). The SPA tool then determines whether the available spectrum is sufficient  1030 . If it is determined that the spectrum is not sufficient, the tool returns  1040  to Task 1 (refer to  FIG. 7 ). However, if it is determined that the spectrum is sufficient, the tool outputs  1050  the L-band frequency, the chip rate, and the power allocation to the FCAL, RCAL, ACAL, and PRB signals (e.g., outputs the service band frequency spectrum (e.g., including the RCAL signal)  1060  for each gateway). 
       FIG. 11  is a diagram  1100  showing Task 4 (Perform Link Analysis) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process  600  of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For this Task, the frequency assignment for the carriers  960  (refer to  FIG. 9 ), the desired data rate and L-band mobile margin per terminal type, and the allocation group performance characteristics (e.g., effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), gain over temperature (G/T), polarization, and activity factor) are used as inputs  1110  by the SPA tool to perform a link analysis  1120  (e.g., optimize forward L-band EIRP to achieve the desired L-band mobile margin, estimate the return L-band margin, estimate the forward and return data rate, export the carrier assignment data in a spreadsheet to the SE for manual modification, and re-assess carrier assignment data and estimate L-band margin and data rate). The SPA tool then determines whether the link performance is sufficient  1130 . If it is determined that the link performance is not sufficient, the tool exports the carrier assignment data in a spreadsheet to the SE for manual modification, or the tool returns  1140  to Task 1 (refer to  FIG. 7 ) or  800  to Task 2 (refer to  FIG. 8 ). However, if it is determined that the link performance is sufficient, the tool outputs  1150  the allocated forward L-band EIRP and power per carrier and the estimated L-band mobile margin and data rate per carrier. 
       FIG. 12  is a diagram  1200  showing Task 5 (Satellite Loading Verification) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process  600  of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For this Task, the allocated forward L-band EIRP and power per carrier (from Task 4), the activity factor per allocation group from the SE, the cell data (i.e. cell to beam mapping and directivity from the BWG) are used as inputs  1210  by the SPA tool to perform satellite loading verification  1220  (e.g., calculate aggregate SSPAs loading; if SSPAs are overloaded, reduce carrier power or remove carrier; calculate diplexer loading; and if diplexer is overloaded, reduce carrier power or remove carrier). The SPA tool then determines whether the satellite (i.e. satellite components, such as SSPAs and diplexers) is overloaded  1230 . If it is determined that the satellite is overloaded, the tool can run an automated routine to reduce the satellite loading or can export the carrier assignment data in a spreadsheet to the SE for manual modification, or the tool returns  1240  to Task 1 (refer to  FIG. 7 ), Task 2 (refer to  FIGS. 8 and 9 ), Task 3 (refer to  FIG. 10 ), or Task 4 (refer to  FIG. 11 ). However, if it is determined that the satellite is not overloaded, the tool outputs  1250  the allocated forward L-band EIRP and power per carrier. 
       FIG. 13  is a diagram  1300  showing Task 6 (Perform Space-Based Satellite Subsystem (SBSS) Dynamic Range Verification) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process  600  of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For this Task, the allocated forward L-band EIRP and power per carrier (from Task 4), the maximum return EIRP per allocation group from the SE, the cell data (i.e. cell to beam weight mapping and directivity from the BWG), the SBSS dynamic range, and the beginning of life (BOL) gain setting are used as inputs  1310  by the SPA tool to perform dynamic range verification  1320  (e.g., determine beamweight normalization; if SBSS dynamic range is exceeded, execute an automated routine to re-normalize the beam gain or export the carrier assignment data to a spreadsheet for manual modification; and assign SBSS carrier power setting). The SPA tool then determines whether the SBSS is within dynamic range (i.e. determine whether any SBSS components are overloaded)  1330 . If it is determined that the SBSS is not within dynamic range, the tool can execute an automated routine to re-normalize the beam gain or export the carrier assignment data to a spreadsheet for manual modification, then the carrier assignment is re-assessed and the L-band margin and data rate are estimated, or the tool returns  1340  to Task 1 (refer to  FIG. 7 ), Task 2 (refer to  FIGS. 8 and 9 ), or Task 4 (refer to  FIG. 11 ). However, if it is determined that the SBSS is within dynamic range, the tool outputs  1350  the beamweight normalization factor per beam and the SBSS carrier power settings. 
       FIG. 14  is a diagram  1400  showing Task 7 (SBN Inner Core Supporting Signals Verification) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process  600  of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For this Task, the SBN inner core support signal settings (from Task 3), the allocated forward L-band EIRP and power per carrier (from Tasks 4, 5, and 6), and the activity factor for each allocation group from the SE are used as inputs  1410  by the SPA tool to perform SBN inner core supporting signal verification  1420  (e.g., determine how much interference the allocation group frequency spectrum is causing the service band frequency spectrum (e.g., RCAL signal), refer to frequency spectrum  1460 ). The SPA tool then determines whether the SBN inner core performance threshold (e.g., interference threshold) is met  1730 . If it is determined that the threshold is not met, the tool returns  1440  to Task 3 (refer to  FIG. 10 ). However, if it is determined that threshold is met, the tool outputs  1450  the SBN inner core support signal settings and the estimated SBN inner core support signal performance. 
       FIG. 15  is a diagram  1500  showing Task 8 (Generating Output to Profile Generator) of the disclosed spectrum and power allocation (SPA) process  600  of  FIG. 6 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. For this Task, the frequency spectrums and the beamport power assignments from the previous Tasks are used as inputs  1510  by the SPA tool to generate raw data for the profile generator (PG), which is run on at least one computer. The SPA tool then outputs  1530  raw text files to the PG, which uses the data to generate at least one configuration profile for the satellite system. 
       FIG. 16  is a diagram  1600  depicting the forward emissions process of the disclosed method  400  for integrated resource planning for satellite systems of  FIG. 4 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The forward emissions process is performed by a forward emissions tool, which is run on at least one computer. For the forward emissions process, the PFSD limits per region per frequency spectrum from the SE, the carrier allocation (i.e. frequency spectrum and power from Tasks 2, 4, 5, and 6), the FCAL settings (from Task 3), the spacecraft thermal noise floor from BOL data from a database (DB), the antenna performance data from BWG, and the SSPA characteristics from BOL data from a DB are used as inputs  1610  by the forward emissions tool to perform forward emissions  1620  (e.g., calculate traffic emissions, calculate FCAL emissions, calculate thermal noise emissions, and calculate noise power ratio (NPR) emissions) (i.e. to determine PFSD for each beam frequency spectrum to determine the frequency spillover in neighboring regions). The tool then determines whether the forward emissions threshold (e.g., spillover threshold) is met  1630 . If it is determined that the threshold is not met, the user can return to SPA Task 1 (refer to  FIG. 7 ), Task 2 (refer to  FIGS. 8 and 9 ), Task 3 (refer to  FIG. 10 ), or Task 4 (refer to  FIG. 11 ). However, if it is determined that the threshold is met, the tool outputs  1650  the estimated PFSD values for each beam frequency spectrum, and optionally generates a map  1660  comprising the PFSD values. 
       FIG. 17  is a diagram  1700  depicting the performance analysis process of the disclosed method  400  for integrated resource planning for satellite systems of  FIG. 4 , in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The performance analysis process is performed by a performance analysis tool, which is run on at least one computer. The performance analysis process, of the resource allocation (RA) tool, may perform various different types of analyses and comparisons. Types of analyses and comparisons that may be performed by the performance analysis include, but are not limited to, a comparison/analysis of the traffic demand (TD) versus a generated configuration profile (i.e. the plan)  1710 , a comparison/analysis of the traffic demand versus the actual demand (from statistics)  1720 , a comparison/analysis of a generated configuration profile versus the actual demand  1730 , and a comparison of one generated configuration profile versus another generated configuration profile  1740 . 
     Although certain illustrative embodiments and methods have been disclosed herein, it can be apparent from the foregoing disclosure to those skilled in the art that variations and modifications of such embodiments and methods can be made without departing from the true spirit and scope of the art disclosed. Many other examples of the art disclosed exist, each differing from others in matters of detail only. Accordingly, it is intended that the art disclosed shall be limited only to the extent required by the appended claims and the rules and principles of applicable law.