Abstract:
Disclosed are new ligands for use in a binding assay for proteases and phosphatases, which contain cysteine in their binding sites or as a necessary structural component for enzymatic binding. The sulfhydryl group of cysteine is the nucleophilic group in the enzyme&#39;s mechanistic proteolytic and hydrolytic properties. The assay can be used to determine the ability of new, unknown ligands and mixtures of compounds to competitively bind with the enzyme versus a known binding agent for the enzyme, e.g., a known enzyme inhibitor. By the use of a mutant form of the natural or native wild-type enzyme, in which serine, or another amino acid, e.g., alanine, replaces cysteine, the problem of interference from extraneous oxidizing and alkylating agents in the assay procedure is overcome. The interference arises because of oxidation or alkylation of the sulfhydryl, —SH (or —S − ), in the cysteine, which then adversely affects the binding ability of the enzyme. Specifically disclosed is an assay for tyrosine phosphatases and cysteine proteases, including caspases and cathepsins, e.g., Cathepsin K(O2), utilizing scintillation proximity assay (SPA) technology. The assay has important applications in the discovery of compounds for the treatment and study of, for example, diabetes, immunosuppression, cancer, Alzheimer&#39;s disease and osteoporosis. The novel feature of the use of a mutant enzyme can be extended to its use in a wide variety of conventional colorimetric, photometric, spectrophotometric, radioimmunoassay and ligand-binding competitive assays.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/964,308 filed Nov. 4, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,066,715 which is based on Provisional application No. 60/030,141, filed Nov. 12, 1996. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to the use of mutant phosphatase and protease enzymes in a competitive binding assay. Specific examples are the enzymes, tyrosine phosphatase and cysteine protease, e.g. Cathepsin K, and the assay specifically described is a scintillation proximity assay using a radioactive inhibitor to induce scintillation. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The use of the scintillation proximity assay (SPA) to study enzyme binding and interactions is a new type of radioimmunoassay and is well known in the art. The advantage of SPA technology over more conventional radioimmunoassay or ligand-binding assays, is that it eliminates the need to separate unbound ligand from bound ligand prior to ligand measurement. See for example,  Nature , Vol, 341, pp. 167-178 entitled “Scintillation Proximity Assay ” by N. Bosworth and P. Towers,  Anal. Biochem . Vol. 217, pp. 139-147 (1994) entitled “Biotinylated and Cysteine-Modified Peptides as Useful Reagents For Studying the Inhibition of Cathepsin G” by A. M. Brown, et al.,  Anal. Biochem . Vol. 223, pp. 259-265 (1994) entitled “Direct Measurement of the Binding of RAS to Neurofibromin Using Scintillation Proximity Assay” by R. H. Skinner et al. and  Anal. Biochem . Vol. 230, pp. 101-107(1995) entitled “Scintillation Proximity Assay to Measure Binding of Soluble Fibronectin to Antibody-Captured alpha 5 β 1  Integrin” by J. A. Pachter et al. 
     The basic principle of the assay lies in the use of a solid support containing a scintillation agent, wherein a target enzyme is attached to the support through, e.g., a second enzyme-antienzyme linkage. A known tritiated or I 125  iodinated binding agent, i.e., radioligand inhibitor ligand for the target enzyme is utilized as a control, which when bound to the active site in the target enzyme, is in close proximity to the scintillation agent to induce a scintillation signal, e.g., photon emission, which can be measured by conventional scintillation/radiographic techniques. The unbound tritiated (hot) ligand is too far removed from the scintillation agent to cause an interfering measurable scintillation signal and therefore does not need to be separated, e.g., filtration, as in conventional ligand-binding assays. 
     The binding of an unknown or potential new ligand (cold, being non-radioactive) can then be determined in a competitive assay versus the known radioligand, by measuring the resulting change in the scintillation signal which will significantly decrease when the unknown ligand also possesses good binding properties. 
     However, a problem arises when utilizing a target enzyme containing a cysteine group, having a free thiol linkage, —SH, (or present as —S − ) which is in the active site region or is closely associated with the active site and is important for enzyme-ligand binding. If the unknown ligand or mixture, e.g. natural product extracts, human body fluids, cellular fluids, etc. contain reagents which can alkylate, oxidize or chemically interfere with the cysteine thiol group such that normal enzyme-ligand binding is disrupted, then false readings will occur in the assay. 
     What is needed in the art is a method to circumvent and avoid the problem of cysteine interference in the scintillation proximity assay (SPA) procedure in enzyme binding studies. 
     An inhibitor of PTP 1B has the potential to improve insulin-sensitivity and will have utility in preventing or treating Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, to improve glucose tolerance, to improve insulin-sensitivity when there is insulin-resistance and to treat or prevent obesity. In addition, it may be of use to treat or prevent cancer, neurodegenerative diseases etc. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     We have discovered that by substituting serine for cysteine in a target enzyme, where the cysteine plays an active role in the wild-type enzyme-natural ligand binding process, usually as the catalytic nucleophile in the active binding site, a mutant is formed which can be successfuly employed in a scintillation proximity assay without any active site cysteine interference. 
     This discovery can be utilized for any enzyme which contains cysteine groups important or essential for binding and/or catalytic activity as proteases or hydrolases and includes phosphatases, e.g., tyrosine phosphatases and proteases, e.g. cysteine proteases, including the cathepsins, i.e., Cathepsin K (O2) and the caspases. 
     Further, use of the mutant enzyme is not limited to the scintillation proximity assay, but can be used in a wide variety of known assays including colorimetric, spectrophotometric, ligand-binding assays, radioimmunoassays and the like. 
     We have furthermore discovered a new method of amplifying the effect of a binding agent ligand, e.g., radioactive inhibitor, useful in the assay by replacing two or more phosphotyrosine residues with 4-phosphono(difluoromethyl) phenylalanine (F 2 Pmp) moieties. The resulting inhibitor exhibits a greater and more hydrolytically stable binding affinity for the target enzyme and a stronger scintillation signal. 
     By this invention there is provided a process for determining the binding ability of a ligand to a cysteine-containing wild-type enzyme comprising the steps of: 
     (a) contacting a complex with the ligand, the complex comprising a mutant form of the wild-type enzyme, in which cysteine, at the active site, is replaced with serine, in the presence of a known binding agent for the mutant enzyme, wherein the binding agent is capable of binding with the mutant enzyme to produce a measurable signal. 
     Further provided is a process for determining the binding ability of a ligand, preferably a non-radioactive (cold) ligand, to an active site cysteine-containing wild-type tyrosine phosphatase comprising the steps of: 
     (a) contacting a complex with the ligand, the complex comprising a mutant form of the wild-type enzyme, the mutant enzyme being PTP1B, containing the same amino acid sequence 1-320 as the wild type enzyme, except at position 215, in which cysteine is replaced with serine in the mutant enzyme, in the presence of a known radioligand binding agent for the mutant enzyme, wherein the binding agent is capable of binding with the mutant enzyme to produce a measurable beta radiation-induced scintillation signal. 
     Also provided is a new class of peptide binding agents selected from the group consisting of: 
     N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanineamide (BzN-EJJ-CONH 2 ), where E is glutamic acid and J is 4-phosphono(difluoro-methyl)]-L-phenylalanyl; 
     N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide; 
     N-(3,5-Dibromo)benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide; 
     N-Acetyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide; 
     L-Glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide; 
     L-Lysinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide; 
     L-Serinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide; 
     L-Prolinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono-(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide; and 
     L-Isoleucinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide; and their tritiated and I 125  iodinated derivatives. 
     Also provided is a class of compounds represented by structure A which are peptide binding agents and inhibitors of the PTP 1B enzyme.                           
     Further provided is a novel tritiated peptide, tritiated BzN-EJJ-CONH 2 , being N-(3,5-Ditritio)benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanineamide, wherein E as used herein is glutamic acid and J, as used herein, is the (F 2 Pmp) moiety, (4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-phenylalanyl). 
     Furthermore there is provided a process for increasing the binding affinity of a ligand for a tyrosine phosphatase or cysteine protease comprising introducing into the ligand two or more 4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-phenylalanine groups; also provided is the resulting disubstituted ligand. 
     In addition there is provided a complex comprised of: 
     (a) a mutant form of a wild-type enzyme, in which cysteine, necessary for activity in the active site, is replaced with serine and is attached to: 
     (b) a solid support. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 illustrates the main elements of the invention including the scintillation agent  1 , the supporting (fluoromicrosphere) bead  5 , the surface binding Protein A  10 , the linking anti-GST enzyme  15 , the fused enzyme construct  20 , the GST enzyme  25 , the mutant enzyme  30 , the tritiated peptide inhibitor  35 , the beta radiation emission  40  from the radioactive peptide inhibitor  35  and the emitted light  45  from the induced scintillation. 
     FIGS.  2 (A and B) illustrates the DNA and amino acid sequences for PTP 1B tyrosine phosphatase enzyme, truncated to amino acid positions 1-320. (Active site cysteine at position 215 is in bold and underlined). 
     FIGS.  3 (A, B and C) illustrates the DNA and amino acid sequences for Cathepsin K. The upper nucleotide sequence represents the cathepsin K cDNA sequence which encodes the cathepsin K preproenzyme (indicated by the corresponding three letter amino acid codes). Numbering indicates the cDNA nucleotide position. The underlined amino acid is the active site Cys 139  residue that was mutated to either Ser or Ala. 
     FIGS.  4 (A and B) illustrates the DNA and amino acid sequences for the caspase, apopain. The upper nucleotide sequence represents the apopain (CPP32) cDNA sequence which encodes the apopain proenzyme (indicated by the corresponding three letter amino acid codes). Numbering indicates the cDNA nucleotide position. The underlined amino acid is the active site Cys 163  residue that was mutated to Ser. 
     FIG. 5 shows the results of an experiment on the competitive inhibition of binding of the tripeptide (F 2 PMP) 2 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The theory underlying the main embodiment of the invention can be readily seen and understood by reference to FIG.  1 . 
     Scintillation agent  1  is incorporated into small (yttrium silicate or PVT fluoromicro-spheres, AMERSHAM) beads  5  that contain on their surface immunosorbent protein A  10 . The protein A coated bead  5  binds the GST fused enzyme construct  20 , containing GST enzyme  25  and PTP1B mutant enzyme  30 , via anti-GST enzyme antibody  15 . When the radioactive e.g., tritiated, peptide  35  is bound to the mutant phosphatase enzyme  30 , it is in dose enough proximity to the bead  5  for its beta emission  40  (or Auger electron emission in the case of I 125 ) to stimulate the scintillation agent  1  to emit light (photon emission)  45 . This light  45  is measured as counts in a beta plate counter. When the tritiated peptide  35  is unbound it is too distant from the scintillation agent  1  and the energy is dissipated before reaching the bead  5 , resulting in low measured counts. Non-radioactive ligands which compete with the tritiated peptide  35  for the same binding site on the mutant phosphatase enzyme  30  will remove and/or replace the tritiated peptide  35  from the mutant enzyme  30  resulting in lower counts from the uncompeted peptide control. By varying the concentration of the unknown ligand and measuring the resulting lower counts, the inhibition at 50%(IC 50 ) for ligand binding to the mutant enzyme  30  can be obtained. This then is a measure of the binding ability of the ligand to the mutant enzyme and the wild-type enzyme. 
     The term “complex” as used herein refers to the assembly containing the mutant enzyme. In its simplest embodiment, the complex is a solid support with the mutant enzyme attached to the surface of the support. A linker can also be employed. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the complex can further comprise a bead (fluoropolymer), anti-enzyme GST/enzyme GST-mutant enzyme-PTP1 linking construct, immunosorbent protein A, and scintillation agent. In general, the complex requires a solid support (beads, immunoassay column of e.g., Al 2 O 3 , or silica gel) to which the mutant enzyme can be anchored or tethered by attachment through a suitable linker, e.g., an immunosorbent (e.g, Protein A, Protein G, anti-mouse, anti-rabbit, anti-sheep) and a linking assembly, including an enzyme/anti-enzyme construct attached to the solid support. 
     The term “cysteine-containing wild-type enzyme”, as used herein, includes all native or natural enzymes, e.g., phosphatases, cysteine proteases, which contain cysteine in the active site as the active nucleophile, or contain cysteine clearly associated with the active site that is important in binding activity. 
     The term “binding agent” as used herein includes all ligands (compounds) which are known to be able to bind with the wild-type enzyme and usually act as enzyme inhibitors. The binding agent carries a signal producing agent, e.g., radionuclide, to initiate the measurable signal. In the SPA assay the binding agent is a radioligand. 
     The term “measurable signal” as used herein includes any type of generated signal, e.g., radioactive, colorimetric, photometric, spectrophotometric, scintillation, which is produced when binding of the radioligand binding agent to the mutant enzyme. 
     The present invention assay further overcomes problems encountered in the past, where compounds were evaluated by their ability to affect the reaction rate of the enzyme in the phosphatase activity assay. However this did not give direct evidence that compounds were actually binding at the active site of the enzyme. The herein described invention binding assay using a substrate analog can determine directly whether the mixtures of natural products can irreversibly modify the active site cysteine in the target enzyme resulting in inhibition of the enzymatic activity. To overcome inhibition by these contaminates in the phosphatase assay, a mutated Cys(215) to Ser(215) form of the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B was cloned and expressed resulting in a catalytically inactive enzyme. In general, replacement of cysteine by serine will lead to a catalytically inactive or substantially reduced activity mutant enzyme. 
     PTP1B is the first protein tyrosine phosphatase to be purified to near homogeneity {Tonks et al.  JBC  263, 6731-6737 (1988)} and sequenced by Charbonneau et al.  PNAS  85, 7182-7186 (1988). The sequence of the enzyme showed substantial homology to a duplicated domain of an abundant protein present in hematopoietic cells variously referred to as LCA or CD45. This protein was shown to possess tyrosine phosphatase activity {Tonks et al.  Biochemistry  27, 8695-8701 (1988)}. Protein tyrosine phosphatases have been known to be sensitive to thiol oxidizing agents and alignment of the sequence of PTP1B with subsequently cloned Drosophila and mammalian tyrosine phosphatases pointed to the conservation of a Cysteine residue {(M. Strueli et al.  Proc. Nat&#39;l Acad USA , Vol. 86, pp. 8698-7602 (1989)} which when mutated to Ser inactivated the catalytic activity of the enzymes. Guan et al. (1991) {J.B.C. Vol. 266, 17926-17030, 1991} cloned the rat homologue of PTP1B, expressed a truncated version of the protein in bacteria, purified and showed the Cys at position 215 is the active site residue. Mutation of the Cys 215  to Ser 215  resulted in loss of catalytic activity. Human PTP1B was cloned by Chernoff et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 2735-2739 (1990). 
     Work leading up to the development of the substrate analog BzN-EJJ-CONH 2  for PTP1B was published by T. Burke et al.  Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm . 205, pp. 129-134 (1994) with the synthesis of the hexamer peptide containing the phosphotyrosyl mimetic F 2 Pmp. We have incorporated the (F 2 Pmp) moiety (4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)phenylalanyl) into various peptides that led to the discovery of BzN-EJJ-CONH 2 , (where E is glutamic acid and J as used herein is the F 2 Pmp moiety) an active (5 nM) inhibitor of PTP1B. This was subsequently tritiated giving the radioactive substrate analog required for the binding assay. 
     The mutated enzyme, as the truncated version, containing amino acids 1-320 (see FIG.  2 ), has been demonstrated to bind the substrate analog Bz-NEJJ-CONH 2  with high affinity for the first time. The mutated enzyme is less sensitive to oxidizing agents than the wild-type enzyme and provides an opportunity to identify novel inhibitors for this family of enzymes. The use of a mutated enzyme to eliminate interfering contaminates during drug screening is not restricted to the tyrosine phosphatases and can be used for other enzyme binding assays as well. 
     Other binding assays exist in the art in which the basic principle of this invention can be utilized, namely, using a mutant enzyme in which an important and reactive cysteine important for activity can modified to serine (or a less reactive amino acid) and render the enzyme more stable to cysteine modifying reagents, such as alkylating and oxidizing agents. These other ligand-binding assays include, for example, colorimetric and spectrophotometric assays, e.g. measurement of produced color or fluororescence, phosphorescence (e.g. ELISA, solid absorbant assays) and other radioimmunoassays in which short or long wave light radiation is produced, including ultraviolet and gamma radiation). 
     Further, the scintillation proximity assay can also be practiced without the fluoropolymer support beads (AMERSHAM as illustrated in FIG.  1 . For example, Scintistrips® are commercially available (Wallac Oy, Finland) and can also be employed as the scintillant-containing solid support for the mutant enzyme complex as well as other solid supports which are conventional in the art. 
     The invention assay described herein is applicable to a variety of cysteine-containing enzymes including protein phosphatases, proteases, lipases, hydrolases, and the like. 
     The cysteine to serine transformation in the target enzyme can readily be accomplished by analogous use of the molecular cloning technique for Cys 215  to Ser 215  described in the below-cited reference by M. Strueli et al., for PTP1B and is hereby incorporated by reference for this particular purpose. 
     A particularly useful class of phosphatases is the tyrosine phosphatases since they are important in cell function. Examples of this class are: PTP1B, LCA, LAR, DLAR, DPTP(See Strueli et al., below). Ligands discovered by this assay using, for example, PTP1B can be useful, for example, in the treatment of diabetes and immunosuppression. 
     A useful species is PTP1B, described in  Proc. Nat&#39;l Acad USA , Vol. 86, pp. 8698-7602 by M. Strueli et al. and  Proc. Nat&#39;l Acad Sci. USA , Vol 87, pp. 2735-2739 by J. Chernoff et al. 
     Another useful class of enzymes is the proteases, including cysteine proteases (thiol proteases), cathepsins and caspases. 
     The cathepsin class of cysteine proteases is important since Cathepsin K (also termed Cathepsin O2, see  Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler , Vol. 376 pp. 379-384, June 1995 by D. Bromme et al.) is primarily expressed in human osteoclasts and therefore this invention assay is useful in the study and treatment of osteoporosis. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,501,969 (1996) to Human Genome Sciences for the sequence, cloning and isolation of Cathepsin K (O2). See also  J. Biol. Chem . Vol. 271, No. 21, pp. 12511-12516 (1996) by F. Drake et al. and  Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler , Vol. 376, pp. 379-384(1985) by D. Bromme et al., supra. 
     Examples of the cathepsins include Cathepsin B, Cathepsin G, Cathepsin J, Cathepsin K(O2), Cathesin L, Cathepsin M, Cathepsin S. 
     The caspase family of cysteine proteases are other examples where the SPA technology and the use of mutated enzymes can be used to determine the ability of unknown compounds and mixtures of compounds to compete with a radioactive inhibitor of the enzyme. An active site mutant of Human Apopain CPP32 (caspase-3) has been prepared. The active site thiol mutated enzymes are less sensitive to oxidizing agents and provide an opportunity to identify novel inhibitors for this family of enzymes. 
     Examples of the caspase family include: caspase-1(ICE), caspase-2 (ICH-1), caspase-3 (CPP32, human apopain, Yama), caspase-4(ICE rel -11, TX, ICH-2), caspase-5(ICE rel -111, TY), caspase-6Mch2), caspase-7(Mch3, ICE-LAP3, CMH-1), caspase-8(FLICE, MACH, Mch5), caspase-9 (ICE-LAP6, Mch6) and caspase-10(Mch4). 
     Substitution of the cysteine by serine (or by any other amino acid which lowers the activity to oxidizing and alkylating agents, e.g., alanine) does not alter the binding ability of the mutant enzyme to natural ligands. The degree of binding, i.e., binding constant, may be increased or decreased. The catalytic activity of the mutant enzyme will, however, be substantially decreased or even completely eliminated. Thus, natural and synthetic ligands which bind to the natural wild-type enzyme will also bind to the mutant enzyme. 
     Substitution by serine for cysteine also leads to the mutant enzyme which has the same qualititative binding ability as the natural enzyme but is significantly reduced in catalytically activity. Thus, this invention assay is actually measuring the true binding ability of the test ligand. 
     The test ligand described herein is a new ligand potentially useful in drug screening purposes and its mode of action is to generally function as an inhibitor for the enzyme. 
     The binding agent usually is a known ligand used as a control and is capable of binding to the natural wild-type enzyme and the mutant enzyme employed in the assay and is usually chosen as a known peptide inhibitor for the enzyme. 
     The binding agent also contains a known signal-producing agent to cause or induce the signal in the assay and can be an agent inducing e.g., phosphorescence or fluororescence (ELISA), color reaction or a scintillation signal. 
     In the instant embodiment, where the assay is a scintillation assay, the signal agent is a radionuclide, i.e., tritium, I 125 , which induces the scintillant in the solid support to emit measurable light radiation, i.e., photon emission, which can be measured by using conventional scintillation and beta radiation counters. 
     We have also discovered that introducing two or more 4-phosphonodifluoromethyl phenylalanine F 2 Pmp) groups into a known binding agent greatly enhances the binding affinity of the binding agent to the enzyme and improves its stability by rendering the resulting complex less susceptible to hydrolytic cleavage. 
     Also provided is a class of compounds represented by structure A which are peptide binding agents and inhibitors of the PTP1B enzyme.                           
     wherein: 
     X is OH or NH 2 ; 
     Y is hydrogen, C 1-6  alkyl, R 1 Z CO—, R 2 —, or R 3 S(O) 2 —; 
     Z is O, NR 4 , SCH 2 , S(O) 2 CH 2 , CH═CH or a bond; 
     R 1  is selected from the group consisting of 
     (a) C 1-10 alkyl; 
     (b) C 1-6 fluoroalkyl, optionally substituted with a hydroxy group; 
     (c) mono-, di- or tri-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 (1) 
                 hydrogen, 
               
               
                 (2) 
                 halo, 
               
               
                 (3) 
                 NO 2 , 
               
               
                 (4) 
                 N 3 , 
               
               
                 (5) 
                 OH, 
               
               
                 (6) 
                 CN, 
               
               
                 (7) 
                 CONH 2 , 
               
               
                 (8) 
                 CO 2 H, 
               
               
                 (9) 
                 CO 2 —C 1-10 alkyl, 
               
               
                 (10) 
                 C 1-10  alkyl, 
               
               
                 (11) 
                 C 1-6  fluoroalkyl, 
               
               
                 (12) 
                 C 1-10 alkoxy, 
               
               
                 (13) 
                 C 1-10 alkylthio, 
               
               
                 (14) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfinyl, 
               
               
                 (15) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfonyl, or 
               
               
                 (16) 
                 phenyl, 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     (d) mono-, di- or tri-substituted heteroaryl wherein the heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic ring of 5 atoms, said ring having one hetero atom which is S, O, or N, and optionally 1, 2, or 3 additional N atoms; or the heteroaryl is a monocyclic ring of 6 atoms, said ring having one hetero atom which is N, and optionally 1, 2, or 3 additional N atoms, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 (1) 
                 hydrogen, 
               
               
                 (2) 
                 halo, 
               
               
                 (3) 
                 NO 2 , 
               
               
                 (4) 
                 N 3 , 
               
               
                 (5) 
                 OH (or the carbonyl tautomer thereof), 
               
               
                 (6) 
                 CN, 
               
               
                 (7) 
                 CONH 2 , 
               
               
                 (8) 
                 CO 2 H, 
               
               
                 (9) 
                 CO 2 —C 1-10 alkyl, 
               
               
                 (10) 
                 C 1-10  alkyl, 
               
               
                 (11) 
                 C 1-6  fluoroalkyl, 
               
               
                 (12) 
                 C 1-10 alkoxy, 
               
               
                 (13) 
                 C 1-10 alkylthio, 
               
               
                 (14) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfinyl, or 
               
               
                 (15) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfonyl; 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     (e) a mono- or di-substituted benzoheterocycle in which the heterocycle is a 5, 6, or 7-membered ring which may contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms chosen independently from O, S, or N and which may contain a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group; wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 (1) 
                 hydrogen, 
               
               
                 (2) 
                 halo, 
               
               
                 (3) 
                 NO 2 , 
               
               
                 (4) 
                 N 3 , 
               
               
                 (5) 
                 OH, 
               
               
                 (6) 
                 CN, 
               
               
                 (7) 
                 CONH 2 , 
               
               
                 (8) 
                 CO 2 H, 
               
               
                 (9) 
                 CO 2 —C 1-10 alkyl, 
               
               
                 (10) 
                 C 1-10  alkyl, 
               
               
                 (11) 
                 C 1-6  fluoroalkyl, 
               
               
                 (12) 
                 C 1-10 alkoxy, 
               
               
                 (13) 
                 C 1-10 alkylthio, 
               
               
                 (14) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfinyl, or 
               
               
                 (15) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfonyl; 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     (f) a heterocycloalkyl group of 5, 6 or 7 members which contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms chosen from O, S, or N and optionally contains a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group; 
     (g) a mono- or di-substituted benzocarbocycle in which the carbocycle is a 5, 6, or 7-membered ring which optionally contains a carbonyl group, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 (1) 
                 hydrogen, 
               
               
                 (2) 
                 halo, 
               
               
                 (3) 
                 NO 2 , 
               
               
                 (4) 
                 N 3 , 
               
               
                 (5) 
                 OH, 
               
               
                 (6) 
                 CN, 
               
               
                 (7) 
                 CONH 2 , 
               
               
                 (8) 
                 CO 2 H, 
               
               
                 (9) 
                 CO 2 —C 1-10 alkyl, 
               
               
                 (10) 
                 C 1-10  alkyl, 
               
               
                 (11) 
                 C 1-6  fluoroalkyl, 
               
               
                 (12) 
                 C 1-10 alkoxy, 
               
               
                 (13) 
                 C 1-10 alkylthio, 
               
               
                 (14) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfinyl, or 
               
               
                 (15) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfonyl; 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     (h) a mono- or di-substituted bicyclic heteroaryl of 8, 9, or 10 members, containing 1 to 5 heteroatoms chosen independently from O, S or N, wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 (1) 
                 hydrogen; 
               
               
                 (2) 
                 halo, 
               
               
                 (3) 
                 NO 2 , 
               
               
                 (4) 
                 N 3 , 
               
               
                 (5) 
                 OH (or the carbonyl tantomes thereof) 
               
               
                 (6) 
                 CN, 
               
               
                 (7) 
                 CONH 2 , 
               
               
                 (8) 
                 CO 2 H, 
               
               
                 (9) 
                 CO 2 —C 1-10 alkyl, 
               
               
                 (10) 
                 C 1-10  alkyl, 
               
               
                 (11) 
                 C 1-6  fluoroalkyl, 
               
               
                 (12) 
                 C 1-10 alkoxy, 
               
               
                 (13) 
                 C 1-10 alkylthio, 
               
               
                 (14) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfinyl, or 
               
               
                 (15) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfonyl; or 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     R 2  is the acyl residue of one of the amino acid described in this specification, the amino group of which may be optionally substituted by an acyl group of the structure R 1 ZCO— or C 1-6  alkyl, and in the case of a dicarboxylic amino acid, the terminal carboxyl may optionally be in the form of a C 1-4  alkyl ester. 
     R 3  is selected from the group consisting of 
     (a) C 1-10 alkyl, 
     (b) C 1-6 fluoroalkyl, 
     (c) mono-, di- or tri-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon wherein the substituents are selected from the group consisting of 
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 (1) 
                 hydrogen, 
               
               
                 (2) 
                 halo, 
               
               
                 (3) 
                 NO 2 , 
               
               
                 (4) 
                 N 3 , 
               
               
                 (5) 
                 OH, 
               
               
                 (6) 
                 CN, 
               
               
                 (7) 
                 CO NH   2 , 
               
               
                 (8) 
                 CO 2 H ,   
               
               
                 (9) 
                 CO 2 —C 1-10 alkyl, 
               
               
                 (10) 
                 C 1-10  alkyl, 
               
               
                 (11) 
                 C 1-6  fluoroalkyl, 
               
               
                 (12) 
                 C 1-10 alkoxy, 
               
               
                 (13) 
                 C 1-10 alkylthio, 
               
               
                 (14) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfinyl, or 
               
               
                 (15) 
                 C 1-10 alkylsulfonyl. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     A preferred embodiment of structure A is that wherein both J&#39;s are of the L-configuration. 
     Another preferred embodiment of structure A is that wherein R 2  is of the L-configuration. 
     Another preferred embodiment of structure A is that wherein Z is a bond. 
     Another preferred embodiment of structure A is that wherein X is NH 2 . 
     A method for introducing one F 2 Pmp moiety into a ligand is known in the art and is described in detail in  Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm . Vol. 204, pp. 129-134 (1994) hereby incorporated by reference for this particular purpose. 
     As a result of this technology we discovered a new class of ligands having extremely good binding affinity for PTP1B. These include: 
     N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenyl-alanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-(3,5-Dibromo)benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenyl-alanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, L-Glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, L-Lysinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, L-Serinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, L-Prolinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, L-Isoleucinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-2-naphthylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-phenylalanine amide, N-Acety-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-aspartyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-(4-Azido-3-iodo)-benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-tryptophyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-histidyl-[4-Phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-(2-Hydroxy-3-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl)propanoyl-[4-phosphono (difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-D-aspartyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Phthaloyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-methionyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazoloyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-methyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyne amide, N-Acetyl-L-glutaminyl-4-[phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyne amide, N-Acetyl-D-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-threonyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalamine amide, N-Benzoyl-glycinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-L-methylglutamate-[4-phosphono(diiluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-arginyl-[4-phosphono(diiluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine, N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-D-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-D-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalamine amide, N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine amide, L-Aspartyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalannine amide, 
     A useful ligand in the series is Bz-NEJJ-CONH 2 , whose chemical name is: N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoro-methyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenyl-alanineamide, and its tritiated form, N-(3,5-Ditritio)benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difuoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono-(dilfuoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanineamide. 
     Synthesis of both cold and hot ligands is described in the Examples. 
     ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS 
     The following abbreviations have the indicated meanings: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 AA 
                 = 
                 arachidonic acid 
               
               
                   
                 Ac 
                 = 
                 acetyl 
               
               
                   
                 AIBN 
                 = 
                 2.2-azobisisobutyronitrile 
               
               
                   
                 Bn 
                 = 
                 benzyl 
               
               
                   
                 BSA 
                 = 
                 bovine serum albumin 
               
               
                   
                 Bz 
                 = 
                 benzoyl 
               
               
                   
                 CHO 
                 = 
                 chinese hamster ovary 
               
               
                   
                 CMC 
                 = 
                 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 carbodiimidemetho-p-toluenesulfonate 
               
               
                   
                 DBU 
                 = 
                 diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene 
               
               
                   
                 DMAP 
                 = 
                 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine 
               
               
                   
                 DMF 
                 = 
                 N,N-dimethylformamide 
               
               
                   
                 DMSO 
                 = 
                 dimethyl sulfoxide 
               
               
                   
                 Et3N 
                 = 
                 triethylamine 
               
               
                   
                 HBSS 
                 = 
                 Hanks balanced salt solution 
               
               
                   
                 HEPES 
                 = 
                 N 1 -[2-Hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N 4 -[2- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ethanesulfonic acid] 
               
               
                   
                 HWB 
                 = 
                 human whole blood 
               
               
                   
                 KHMDS 
                 = 
                 potassium hexamethyldisilazane 
               
               
                   
                 LDA 
                 = 
                 lithium diisopropylamide 
               
               
                   
                 LPS 
                 = 
                 lipopolysaccharide 
               
               
                   
                 mCPBA 
                 = 
                 metachloro perbenzoic acid 
               
               
                   
                 MMPP 
                 = 
                 magnesium monoperoxyphthalate 
               
               
                   
                 Ms 
                 = 
                 methanesulfonyl = mesyl 
               
               
                   
                 Ms0 
                 = 
                 methanesulfonate = mesylate 
               
               
                   
                 NBS 
                 = 
                 N-bromosuccinimide 
               
               
                   
                 NCS 
                 = 
                 N-chlorosuccinimide 
               
               
                   
                 NIS 
                 = 
                 N-iodosuccinimide 
               
               
                   
                 NSMD 
                 = 
                 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug 
               
               
                   
                 Oxone ® 
                 = 
                 potassium peroxymonosulfate 
               
               
                   
                 PCC 
                 = 
                 pyridinium chlorochromate 
               
               
                   
                 PDC 
                 = 
                 pyridinium dichromate 
               
               
                   
                 PTP 
                 = 
                 protein tyrosine phosphatase 
               
               
                   
                 r.t. 
                 = 
                 room temperature 
               
               
                   
                 rac. 
                 = 
                 racemic 
               
               
                   
                 Tf 
                 = 
                 trifluoromethanesulfonyl = triflyl 
               
               
                   
                 TFAA 
                 = 
                 trifluoroacetic anhydride 
               
               
                   
                 Tf0 
                 = 
                 trifluoromethanesulfonate = triflate 
               
               
                   
                 THF 
                 = 
                 tetrahydrofuran 
               
               
                   
                 TLC 
                 = 
                 thin layer chromatography 
               
               
                   
                 Ts 
                 = 
                 p-toluenesulfonyl = tosyl 
               
               
                   
                 TsO 
                 = 
                 p-toluenesulfonate = tosylate 
               
               
                   
                 Tz 
                 = 
                 1H (or 2H)-tetrazol-5-yl 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Alkyl group abbreviations 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Me 
                 = 
                 methyl 
               
               
                   
                 Et 
                 = 
                 ethyl 
               
               
                   
                 n-Pr 
                 = 
                 normal propyl 
               
               
                   
                 i-Pr 
                 = 
                 isopropyl 
               
               
                   
                 n-Bu 
                 = 
                 normal butyl 
               
               
                   
                 i-Bu 
                 = 
                 isobutyl 
               
               
                   
                 s-Bu 
                 = 
                 secondary butyl 
               
               
                   
                 t-Bu 
                 = 
                 tertiary butyl 
               
               
                   
                 c-Pr 
                 = 
                 cyclopropyl 
               
               
                   
                 c-Bu 
                 = 
                 cyclobutyl 
               
               
                   
                 c-Pen 
                 = 
                 cyclopentyl 
               
               
                   
                 c-Hex 
                 = 
                 cyclohexyl 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Dose Abbreviations 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 bid 
                 = 
                 bis in die = twice daily 
               
               
                   
                 qid 
                 = 
                 quater in die = four times a day 
               
               
                   
                 tid 
                 = 
                 ter in die = three times a day 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     For purposes of this specification alkyl means linear branched and cyclic structures, and combinations thereof, containing the indicated number of carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, s- and t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, eicosyl, 3,7-diethyl-2,2-dimethyl-4-propylnonyl, cydopropyl, cydopentyl, cycloheptyl, adamantyl, cyclododecylmethyl, 2-ethyl-1-bicyclo[4.4.0]decyl and the like. 
     For purposes of this specification fluoroalkyl means alkyl groups of the indicated number of carbon atoms in which one or more hydrogen is replaced by fluororine. Examples are —CF 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 F, —CH 2 CF 3 , c-Pr-F 5 , c-Hex-F 11  and the like. 
     For purposes of this specification an aromatic hydrocarbon, as in R 1 , is intended to include, but is not limited to phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, and phenanthrenyl. 
     For purposes of this specification heteroaryl, as in R 1 , is intended to include, but is not limited to furany, diazinyl, imidazolyl, isooxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, tetrazinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazinyl, and triazolyl. 
     For purposes of this specification benzoheterocycle, as in R 1 , is intended to include, but is not limited to 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 2(3H)benzofuranone, 3(2H)benzofuranone, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, 2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene and indoline. 
     For purposes of this specification heterocycloalkyl, as in R 1 , is intended to include, but is not limited to azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexahydroazepine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperazine, 2-oxopiperidine, 4-oxopiperidine, 2-oxotetrahydropyran and 4-oxotetrahydropyran. 
     For purposes of this specification benzocarbocycle, as in R 1 , is intended to include, but is not limited to indane, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and benzocycloheptene. 
     For purposes of this specification bicyclic heteroaryl, as in R 1 , is intended to include, but is not limited to indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzotriazole, benzothiadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyrrolopyridine, furopyridine, and thienopyridine.                         
                         
                           
     The following Examples are illustrative of carrying out the invention and should not be construed as being limitations on the scope or spirit of the instant invention. 
     EXAMPLES 
     1. Preparation of PTP1B Truncate (Amino Acid Sequence from 1-320 and Fused GST-PTP1B Construct 
     An  E. coli  culture carrying a PET plasmid expressing the fill length PTP1B protein was disclosed in J. Chernoff et al.  Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 87, pp. 2735-2739, (1990). This was modified to a truncated PTP1B enzyme complex containing the active site with amino acids 1-320 inclusive, by the following procedure: 
     The full length human PTP-1B cDNA sequence (published in J. Chernoff et al., PNAS, USA, supra) cloned into a PET vector was obtained from Dr. Raymond Erickson (Harvard University). The PTP-1B cDNA sequence encoding amino acids 1-320 (Seq. ID No. 1) was amplified by PCR using the full length sequence as template. The 5′ primer used for the amplification included a Bam HI site at the 5′ end and the 3′ primer had an Eco RI site at the 3′ end. The amplified fragment was cloned into pCR2 ([Invitrogen) and sequenced to insure that no sequence errors had been introduced by Taq polymerase during the amplification. This sequence was released from pCR2 by a Bam HI/Eco RI digest and the PTP-1B cDNA fragment ligated into the GST fusion vector pGEX-2T (Pharmacia) that had been digested with the same enzymes. The GST-PTP-1B fusion protein expressed in  E. Coli  has an active protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. This same 1-320 PTP-1B sequence (Seq. ID No. 1) was then cloned into the expression vector pFLAG-2, where FLAG is the octa-peptide AspTyrLysAspAspAspAspLys. 
     This was done by releasing the PTP-1B sequence from the pGEX-2T vector by Nco I/Eco RI digest, filling in the ends of this fragment by Klenow and blunt-end ligating into the blunted Eco RI site of pFLAG2. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed on pFLAG2-PTP-1B plasmid using the Chameleon (Stratagene) double-stranded mutagenesis kit from Stratagene, to replaced the active-site Cys-215 with serine. The mutagenesis was carried out essentially as described by the manufacturer and mutants identifed by DNA sequencing. The FLAG-PTP-1B Cys215Ser mutant (Seq. ID No. 7) was expressed, purified and found not to have any phosphatase activity. The GST-PTP-1B Cys 215 Ser mutant was made using the mutated Cys 215 Ser sequence of PTP-1B already cloned into pFLAG2, as follows. The pFLAG2-PTP-1B Cys 215 Ser plasmid (Seq. ID No. 7) was digested with Sal I (3′ end of PTP-1B sequence), filled in using Klenow polymerase (New England Biolabs), the enzymes were heat inactivated and the DNA redigested with Bgl II. The 500 bp 3′ PTP-1B cDNA fragment which is released and contains the mutated active site was recovered. The pGEX-2T-PTP-1B plasmid was digested with Eco RI (3′ end of PTP-1B sequence), filled in by Klenow, phenol/chloroform extracted and ethanol precipitated. This DNA was then digested with Bgl II, producing two DNA fragments a 500 bp 3′ PTP-1B cDNA fragment that contains the active site and a 5.5 Kb fragment containing the pGEX-2T vector plus the 5′ end of PTP-1B. The 5.5 Kb pGEX-2T 5′ PTP-1B fragment was recovered and ligated with the 500 bp Bgl II/Sal I fragment containing the mutated active site. The ligation was transformed into bacteria (type DH5α, G) and clones containing the mutated active site sequence identified by sequencing. The GST-PTP-1B Cys 215 Ser mutant was overexpressed, purified and found not to have any phosphatase activity. 
     2. Preparation of Tritiated Bz-NEJJ-CONH 2    
     This compound can be prepared as outlined in Scheme 1, below, and by following the procedures: 
     Synthesis of N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanineamide (BzN-EJJ-CONH 2 ) 
     1.0 g of TentaGel® S RAM resin (RAPP polymer, ˜0.2 mmol/g) as represented by the shaded bead in Scheme 1, was treated with piperidine (3 mL) in DMF (5 mL) for 30 min. The resin (symbolized by the circular P, containing the remainder of the organic molecule except the amino group) was washed successively with DMF (3×10 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (10 mL) and air dried. A solution of DMF (5 mL), N ∞ -Fmoc-4-[diethylphosphono-(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine (350 mg), where Fmoc is 9-fluororenylmethoxycarbonyl, and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluranium hexafluororphosphate, (acronym being HATU, 228 mg) was treated with diisopropyl-ethylamine (0.21 mL) and, after 15 min., was added to the resin in 3 mL of DMF. After 1 h, the resin was washed successively with DMF (3×10 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (10 mL) and air dried. The sequence was repeated two times, first using N ∞ -Fmoc-4-[diethylphosphono-(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalamine and then using N-Fmoc-L-glutamic acid gamma-t-butyl ester. After the final coupling, the resin bound tripeptide was treated with a mixture of piperidine (3 mL) in DMF (5 mL) for 30 min. and was then washed successively with DMF (3×10 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (10 mL) and air dried. 
     To a solution of benzoic acid (61 mg) and HATU (190 mg) in DMF (1 mL) was added diisopropylethylamine (0.17 mL) and, after 15 min. the mixture was added to a portion of the resin prepared above (290 mg) in 1 mL DMF. After 90 min. the resin was washed successively with DMF (3×10 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (10 mL) and air dried. The resin was treated with 2 mL of a mixture of TFA:water (9:1) and 0.05 mL of triisopropylsilane (TIPSI-H) for 1 h. The resin was filtered off and the filtrate was diluted with water (2 mL) and concentrated in vacuo at 35° C. The residue was treated with 2.5 mL of a mixture of TFA:DMS:TMSOTf (5:3:1) and 0.05 mL of TIPS-H, and stirred at 25° C. for 15 h. (TFA is trifluoroacetic acid, DMS is dimethyl sulfate, TMSOTf is trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate). 
     The desired tripeptide, the title compound, was purified by reverse phase HPLC (C18 column, 25×100 mm) using a mobile phase gradient from 0.2% TFA in water to 50/50 acetonitrile/0.2% TFA in water over 40 min. and monitoring at 230 nm. The fraction eluting at approximately 14.3 min. was collected, concentrated and lyophylized to yield the title compound as a white foam. 
     Synthesis of N-(3,5-Ditritio)benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(dilfuoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanineamide 
     The above procedure described for the preparation of BzN-EJJ-CONH 2  was repeated, but substituting 3,5-dibromobenzoic acid for benzoic acid. After HPLC purification as before, except using a gradient over 30 min. and collecting the fraction at approximately 18.3 min., the dibromo containing tripeptide was obtained as a white foam. 
     A portion of this material (2 mg) was dissolved in methanol/triethylamine (0.5 mL, 4/1), 10% Pd—C (2 mg) was added, and the mixture stirred under an atmosphere of tritium gas for 24 h. The mixture was filtered through celite, washing with methanol and the filtrate was concentrated. The title compound was obtained after purification by semi-preparative HPLC using a C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile/0.2% TFA in water (15:100). The fraction eluting at approximately 5 min. was collected and concentrated in vacuo. The title compound was dissolved in 10 mL of methanol/water (9:1) to provide a 0.1 mg/mL solution of specific activity 39.4 Ci/mmol.                         
                                                   
                                                                                                         
     Scheme 2 
     N-α-Fmoc-4-[diethylphosphono-(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanine (see Solas, J. Org. Chem., 1996, 61, 1537) is loaded either on Wang&#39;s resin using diisopropylazodicarboxylate-triphenylphosphine in THF, or Tentagel® SRam resin using HATU—diisopropyl ethylamine in DMF. After removal of the Fmoc protecting group, the second protected amino acid is coupled with HATU, diisopropylethylamine in DMF to provide III. Using the same sequence, the third amino acid is introduced. The Fmoc protecting group is removed and the amino acid is capped with benzoic acid. After removal from solid support, ester cleavage and HPLC purification it provides V. Alternatively, the amine is not capped with benzoic acid. 
     Scheme 3 
     The tripeptide (IV) loaded on Wang or Tentagel® S RAM resin is deprotected and caped with acetyl imidazole in DMF. Then using the same sequence as reported in Method A it provides VI. 
     Scheme 4 
     The dipeptide loaded on solid support (III) is treated with piperidine in DMF and the amine capped with an acetyl, carboxyl, sulfonyl, or carbamates groups. After removal from solid support, ester cleavage and HPLC purification it provides VIII. 
     Scheme 5 
     Alternatively, the phosphonic acid tert-butyl-ester Ib (analog of I) could be prepared as described in Scheme 5 and used to prepare the compounds described in Scheme 2-4. This will allow to cleave from solid support and deprotect in a single operation using the TFA/H 2 O/triisopropylsilane conditions. 
     By following the above described procedure for BzN-EJJ-CONH 2 , the following other peptide inhibitors were also similarly prepared: 
     N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenyl-alanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-(3,5-Dibromo)benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenyl-alanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, L-Glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, L-Lysinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, L-Serinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, L-Prolinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, and L-Isoleucinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanineamide, N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-2-naphthylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono (difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-aspartyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-(4-Azido-3-iodo)-benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-tryptophyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-histidyl-[4-Phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-(2-Hydroxy-3-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethyl)propanoyl-[4-phosphono(difluromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-D-aspartyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Phthaloyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-methionyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazoloyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-methyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyne amide, N-Acetyl-L-glutaminyl-4-[phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyne amide, N-Acetyl-D-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-threonyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalamine amide, N-Benzoyl-glycinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-L-methylglutamate-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Acetyl-L-arginyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine, N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-D-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalamine amide, N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine amide, N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine amide, L-Aspartyl-[4-phosphono(difluromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine amide, 
     4. Phosphatase Assay Protocol 
     Materials 
     EDTA—ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Sigma) 
     DMH-N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(mercaptoacetyl)-hydrazine (synthesis published in  J. Org. Chem . 56, pp. 2332-2337, (1991) by R. Singh and G. M. Whitesides and can be substituted with DTT—dithiothreitol Bistris—2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol-(Sigma) Triton X-100—octylphenolpoly(ethylene-glycolether) 10 (Pierce) 
     Antibody: Anti-glutathione S-transferase rabbit (H and L) fraction (Molecular Probes) 
     Enzyme: Human recombinant PTPLB, containing ammo acids 1-320, (Seq. ID No. 1) fused to GST enzyme (glutathione S-transferase) purified by affinity chromatography. Wild type (Seq. ID No. 1) contains active site cysteine(215), whereas mutant (Seq. ID No. 7) contains active site serine(215). 
     Tritiated peptide: Bz-NEJJ-CONH 2 , Mwt. 808, empirical formula, C 32 H 32 T 2 O 12 P 2 F 4   
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Stock Solutions 
                   
               
               
                   
                 (10X) Assay Buffer 
                 500 mM Bistris (Sigma), pH 6.2, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 MW = 209.2 
               
               
                   
                   
                 20 mM EDTA (GIBCO/BRL) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Store at 40° C. 
               
               
                   
                 Prepare fresh daily: 
               
               
                   
                 Assay Buffer (1X) 
                 50 mM Bistris 
               
               
                   
                 (room temp.)2 mM EDTA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 5 mM DMH (MW = 208) 
               
               
                   
                 Enzyme Dilution 
               
               
                   
                 Buffer (keep on ice) 
                 50 mM Bistris 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2 mM EDTA 
               
               
                   
                   
                 5 mM DMH 
               
               
                   
                   
                 20% Glycerol (Sigma) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 0.01 mg/ml Triton X-100 (Pierce) 
               
               
                   
                 Antibody Dilution 
               
               
                   
                 Buffer (keep on ice) 
                 50 mM Bistris 
               
               
                   
                   
                 2 mM EDTA 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     IC 50  Binding Assay Protocol 
     Compounds (ligands) which potentially inhibit the binding of a radioactive ligand to the specific phosphatase are screened in a 96-well plate format as follows: 
     To each well is added the following solutions @ 25° C. in the following chronological order: 
     1. 110 μl of assay buffer. 
     2. 10 μl. of 50 nM tritiated BzN-EJJ-CONH 2  in assay buffer (1X) @ 25° C. 
     3. 10 μl. of testing compound in DMSO at 10 different concentrations in serial dilution (final DMSO, about 5% v/v) in duplicate @ 25° C. 
     4. 10 μl. of 3.75 μg/ml purified human recombinant GST-PTP1B in enzyme dilution buffer. 
     5. The plate is shaken for 2 minutes. 
     6. 10 μl. of 0.3 μg/ml anti-glutathione S-transferase (anti-GST) rabbit IgG (Molecular Probes) diluted in antibody dilution buffer @ 25° C. 
     7. The plate is shaken for 2 minutes. 
     8. 50 μl. of protein A-PVT SPA beads (Amersham) @ 25° C. 
     9. The plate is shaken for 5 minutes. The binding signal is quantified on a Microbeta 96-well plate counter. 
     10. The non-specific signal is defined as the enzyme-ligand binding in the absence of anti-GST antibody. 
     11. 100% binding activity is defined as the enzyme-ligand binding in the presence of anti-GST antibody, but in the absence of the testing ligands with the non-specific binding subtracted. 
     12. Percentage of inhibition is calculated accordingly. 
     13. IC 50  value is approximated from the non-linear regression fit with the 4-parameter/multiple sites equation (described in: “Robust Statistics”, New York, Wiley, by P. J. Huber (1981) and reported in nM units. 
     14. Test ligands (compounds) with larger than 90% inhibition at 10 μM are defined as actives. 
     The following Table I illustrates typical assay results of examples of known compounds which competitively inhibit the binding of the binding agent, BzN-EJJ-CONH2. 
     Examples of known compounds which competitively inhibit the binding of tripeptide (F 2 PMP)2 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Typical Assay Results 
               
               
                 GST-PTP1B SPA Binding Assay with Non-Mutated (Cys215) and Mutated enzyme (Ser215) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Compound 
                 Structure 
                 Non-Mutated 
                 Mutated 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Control: 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Tripeptide (F 2 PMP) 2   
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 14 nM 
                 8 nM 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DADE(F 2 PMP)L hexapeptide (T. Burke et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 204, 129, (1994)) 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 400 nM 
                 100 nM 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SH-specific binding: 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Vanadate 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 2 μM 
                 &gt;100 μM 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Insulin Receptor Peptide 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 17 μM 
                 70 μM 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Potential Oxidizing 
               
               
                 agents: 
               
               
                 Hydrogen peroxide 
                 H 2 O 2   
                 90% at 83 
                 0% at 
               
               
                   
                   
                 μM 
                 83 μM 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Quinone 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 4 μM 
                 &gt;100 μM 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Potential Alkylating 
               
               
                 agents: 
               
               
                 Imine 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 67% at 2 μM 
                 10% at 2 μM 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 A typical IC 50  curve from a standard binding assay using 
               
               
                 mutant GST-PTP1B. 
               
               
                 Tripeptide (F 2 PMP) 2   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Conc (nM) 
                 % INH 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 250.0 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 125.0 
                 90 
               
               
                   
                 62.5 
                 92 
               
               
                   
                 31.8 
                 77 
               
               
                   
                 15.6 
                 56 
               
               
                   
                 7.8 
                 45 
               
               
                   
                 3.9 
                 21 
               
               
                   
                 2.0 
                 12 
               
               
                   
                 1.0 
                 8 
               
               
                   
                 0.5 
                 9 
               
               
                   
                 250.0 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 125.0 
                 95 
               
               
                   
                 62.5 
                 85 
               
               
                   
                 31.3 
                 81 
               
               
                   
                 15.6 
                 60 
               
               
                   
                 7.8 
                 30 
               
               
                   
                 3.9 
                 19 
               
               
                   
                 2.0 
                 6 
               
               
                   
                 1.0 
                 2 
               
               
                   
                 0.5 
                 −5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 19840YIA 
               
               
                 Raw Data, Counts (dpm) 
               
               
                 (duplicates) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 no 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 antibody 
                 antibody 
                 conc. tripeptide (F 2 PMP) 2 nM 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 (− 
                 (+ 
                 25 
                 12 
                   
                 31.2 
                 15.62 
                 7.81 
                 3.90 
                 1.95 
                 0.97 
                   
               
               
                   
                 control) 
                 control) 
                 0 
                 5 
                 62.5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 3 
                 6 
                 3 
                 7 
                 0.488 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 dpm 
                 252 
                 5652 
                 28 
                 87 
                 757 
                 1550 
                 2775 
                 3367 
                 4743 
                 5220 
                 5454 
                 5384 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 8 
                 3 
               
               
                 dpm 
                 304 
                 6380 
                 27 
                 58 
                 110 
                 1337 
                 2525 
                 4165 
                 4838 
                 5581 
                 5781 
                 6211 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 3 
                 8 
                 9 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 % Inhibition (1 − (dpm − average no antibody)/(average antibody − average no antibody)) * 100 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 no 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 antibody 
                 antibody 
                 conc. tripeptide (F 2 PMP) 2 nM 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 (− 
                 (+ 
                 25 
                 12 
                   
                 31.2 
                 15.62 
                 7.81 
                 3.90 
                 1.95 
                 0.97 
                 0.48 
               
               
                   
                 control) 
                 control) 
                 0 
                 5 
                 62.5 
                 5 
                 5 
                 3 
                 6 
                 3 
                 7 
                 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 % Inh 
                 100 
                 5 
                 10 
                 90 
                 92 
                 78 
                 56 
                 45 
                 21 
                 12 
                 8 
                 9 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 0 
               
               
                 % Inh 
                 100 
                 −8 
                 10 
                 95 
                 85 
                 81 
                 60 
                 30 
                 19 
                 6 
                 2 
                 −5 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Enzyme Assay PTP1B 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Assay buffer 
                 50 mM Bis-Tris (pH = 6.3) 
               
               
                   
                 2 mM EDTA 
               
               
                   
                 5 mM N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(mercaptoacetyl) 
               
               
                   
                 hydrazine 
               
               
                   
                 (DMH) 
               
               
                 Substrate 
                 10 mM fluorescein diphosphate (FDP) store at 
               
               
                   
                 −20° C. 
               
               
                 Enzyme dilution buffer 
                 50 mM Bis-Tris (pH = 6.3) 
               
               
                   
                 2 mM EDTA 
               
               
                   
                 5 mM DMH 
               
               
                   
                 20 % (v/v) glycerol 
               
               
                   
                 0.01% (v/v) BSA 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The assay was carried out at room temperature in 96 well plates. The reaction mixture in 180 μl contained 50 mM Bis-Tris (pH=6.3), 2 mM EDTA, 5 mM N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′bis(mercaptoacetyl)hydrazine (DMH) and 10 μm fluororescein diphosphare (FDP). 10 μl of 10 concentrations (serial dilution) of the test compound (inhibitor) dissolved in DMSO or DMSO alone for control was added to each well and the plate was mixed for 2 min. The reaction was initiated by adding 10 μl of diluted PTP1B (50 nM in 50 mM Bis/Tris (pH=6.3), 2 mM EDTA, 5 mM DMH, 20% glycerol and 0.01% Triton X-100. The phosphatase activity was followed by monitoring the appearance of the fluororescent product fluororescein monophosphate (EMP) continuously for 15-30 min, using the Cytofluoror II plate reader (PerSeptive Biosystems Inc.) with excitation of 440 nm (slit width 20 nm) and emission at 530 nm (slit width 25 nm). All the assays were done at least in duplicate. The initial rate of FMP formation is plotted against the concentration of inhibitor and the data was fitted to 4-parameter equation and the inflection point of the fit is the IC 50 . 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Example 
                 Scheme 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 2 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 3 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 4 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 5 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 6 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 7 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 8 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 9 
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 10  
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 11  
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 12  
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 13  
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 14  
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 15  
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 16  
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 17  
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 18  
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 19  
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 20  
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 21  
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 22  
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 23  
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 24  
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 25  
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 26  
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 27  
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 28  
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 29  
                 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 30  
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 31  
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 32  
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 33  
                 2 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Preparation of Cathepsin K(O2) Mutant (CAT-K Mutant) 
     Cathepsin K is a prominent cysteine protease in human osteoclasts and is believed to play a key role in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Inhibitors of cathepsin K will be usefull for the treatment of bone disorders (such as osteoporosis) where excessive bone resorption occurs. Cathepsin K is synthesized as a dormant preproenzyme (Seq. ID No. 4). Both the pre-domain (Met 1 -Ala 15 ) and the prodomain (Leul 16 -Arg 114 ) must be removed for full catalytic activity. The mature form of the protease (Ala 115 -Met 329 ) contains the active site Cys residue (Cys 139 ). 
     The mature form of cathepsin K is engineered for expression in bacteria and other recombinant systems as a Met Ala 115 -Met 329  construct by PCR-directed template modification of a clone that is identified. Epitope-tagged variants are also generated: (Met[FLAG]Ala 115 -Met 329  and Met Ala 115 -Met 329 [FLAG]; where FLAG is the octa-peptide AspTyrLysAspAspAspAspLys). For the purpose of establishing a binding assay, several other constructs are generated including Met[FLAG]Ala 115 -[Cys 139  to Ser 139 ]-Met 329  and Met Ala 115 -[Cys 139  to Ser  139 ]-Met 329 [FLAG] (where the active site Cys is mutated to a Ser residue), and Met[FLAG]Ala 115 -[Cys 139  to Ala 139 ]-Met 329  and Met Ala 115 -[Cys 139  to Ala 139 ]-Met 329 [FLAG] (where the active site Cys is mutated to an Ala residue). In all cases, the resulting re-engineered polypeptides can be used in a binding assay by tethering the mutated enzymes to SPA beads via specific anti-FLAG antibodies that are commercially available (IDI-KODAK). Other epitope tags, GST and other fusions can also be used for this purpose and binding assay formats other than SPA can also be used. Ligands based on the prefered substrate for cathepsin K (e.g. Ac-P 2 -P 1 , Ac-P 2 -P 1 -aldehydes, Ac-P 2 -P 1 -ketones; where P1 is an amino acid with a hydrophilic side chain, preferably Arg or Lys, and P2 is an amino acid with a small hydrophobic side chain, preferably Leu, Val or Phe) are suitable in their radiolabeled (tritiated) forms for SPA-based binding assays. Similar binding assays can also be established for other cathepsin family members. 
     Preparation of Apopain (caspase-3) Mutant 
     Apopain is the active form of a cysteine protease belonging to the caspase superfamily of ICE/CED-3 like enzymes. It is derived from a catalytically dormant proenzyme that contains both the 17 kDa large subunit (p17) and 12 kDa (p12) small subunit of the catalytically active enzyme within a 32 kDa proenzyme polypeptide (p32). Apopain is a key mediator in the effector mechanism of apoptotic cell death and modulators of the activity of this enzyme, or structurally-related isoforms, will be useful for the therapeutic treatment of diseases where inappropriate apoptosis is prominent, e.g., Alzheimer&#39;s disease. 
     The method used for production of apopain involves folding of active enzyme from its constituent p17 and p12 subunits which are expressed separately in  E. coli . The apopain p17 subunit (Ser 29 -Asp 175 ) and p12 subunit (Ser 176 -His 277 ) are engineered for expression as MetSer 29 -Asp 175  and MetSer 176 -His 277  constructs, respectively, by PCR-directed template modification. For the purpose of establishing a binding assay, several other constructs are generated, including a MetSer 29 -[Cys 163  to Ser 163 ]-Asp 175  large subunit and a Met 1 -[Cys 163  to Ser 163 ]-His 277  proenzyme. In the former case, the active site Cys residue in the large subunit (p17) is replaced with a Ser residue by site-directed mutagenesis. This large subunit is then re-folded with the recombinant p12 subunit to generate the mature form of the enzyme except with the active site Cys mutated to a Ser. In the latter case, the same Cys 163  to Ser 163  mutation is made, except that the entire proenzyme is expressed. In both cases, the resulting re-engineered polypeptides can be used in a binding assay by tethering the mutated enzymes to SPA beads via specific antibodies that are generated to recognize apopain (antibodies against the prodomain, the large p17 subunit, the small p12 subunit and the entire p17:p12 active enzyme have been generated). Epitope tags or GST and other fusions could also be used for this purpose and binding assay formats other than SPA can also be used. Ligands based on the prefered substrate for apopain (varients of AspGluValAsp), such as Ac-AspGluVaLAsp, Ac-AspGluVaLAsp-aldehydes, Ac-AspGluValAsp-ketones are suitable in their radiolabeled forms for SPA-based binding assays. Similar binding assays can also be established for other caspase family members. 
     Example 1 
     N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenlalanine Amide 
     Step 1 
     5.0 g of Tentagel® s RAM resin (RAPP polymer; 0.2 mmol/g) as represented by the shade bead in Scheme 1, was treated with piperidine (5 mL) in 20 mL of DMF for 30 min. The resin (symbolized by the circular P, containing the remainder of the organic molecule except the amino group) was dried with N 2  and washed successively with DMF (5×20 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×20 mL). To a DMF (15.0 mL) solution of N ∝-Fmoc-4-[diethylphosphono-(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine (see D. Solas,  J. Org. Chem ., 1996, 61, 1537) (0.900 g) and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluororphosphate (HATU) (0.600 g) was added diisopropylethylamine (0.545 mL). After a period of 15 min. the mixture was added to the resin in DMF (15.0 mL). After a period of 45 min. the resin was washed with DMF (5×20 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×20 mL). The resin was then treated with acetylimidazole (1.5 g) in DMF (15 mL). After a period of 1 h the resin was washed successively in the DMF (5×20 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×20 mL) and dried with nitrogen. After removal of the Fmoc as described above, the same sequence was repeated a second time. The resin was then treated with piperidine (5 mL) in DMF (20 mL) for 30 min, and was then washed successively with DMF (5×20 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×20 mL) and dried with nitrogen. To a DMF solution (15 mL) of N-Fmoc-L-glutamic acid γ-t-butyl ester (1.78 g) and HATU (1.59 g) was added diisopropylethylamine (1.46 mL). After a period of 15 min., the mixture was added to the resin in DMF (15 mL). After a period of 45 min. the resin was washed with DMF (5×20 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×20 mL). The resin was then treated with piperidine (5 mL) in DMF (20 mL) for a period of 0.5 h, and was then washed successively with DMF (5×20 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×20 mL) and dried with nitrogen. 
     N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     Step 2 
     To a solution of benzoic acid (0.122 g) and HATU (0.380 g) in DMF (5.00 mL) was added diisopropylethylamine (0.350 mL). After a period of 15 min., the mixture was added to the resin prepared in Step 1 (1.0 g) in DMF (5.0 mL). 
     After a period of 90 min, the resin was washed successively with DMF (5×10 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×10 mL) and dried with nitrogen. The resin was treated with 5 mL of a mixture of TFA: water (9:1) and 0.05 mL of triisopropylsilane for 30 min. The resin was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated and co-distilled with water. The residue was treated with 2.5 mL of a mixture of TFA:DMS:TMSOTf (5:3:1) and 0.05 mL of triisopropylsilane and stirred at 25° C. for 15 h. The title compound was purified by reverse phase HPLC (C18 column, 40×100 m) using a mobile phase gradient from 0.5% TFA in water to 50/50 acetonitrile/0.5% TFA in water over 40 min. and monitoring at 235 nM. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.80 (2H, m), 2.15 (2H, t), 2.60 to 2.90 (4H, m), 4.20 to 4.35 (3H, m), 7.00 to 7.60(13H, m). 
     Example 2 
     N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     Step 1 
     5.0 g of Tentagel® s RAM resin (RAPP polymer; 0.2 mmol/g) as represented by the shade bead in Scheme 1, was treated with piperidine (5 mL) in 20 mL of DMF for 30 min. The resin (symbolized by the circular P, containing the remainder of the organic molecule except the amino group) was dried with N 2  and washed successively with DMF (5×20 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×20 mL). To a DMF (15.0 mL) solution of N ∝-Fmoc-4-[diethylphosphono-(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine (see D. Solas,  J. Org. Chem ., 1996, 61, 1537) (0.900 g) and O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluororphosphate (HATU) (0.600 g) was added diisopropylethylamine (0.545 mL). After a period of 15 min. the mixture was added to the resin in DMF (15.0 ML). After a period of 45 min. the resin was washed with DMF (5×20 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×20 mL). The resin was then treated with acetylimidazole (1.5 g) in DMF (15 mL). After a period of 1 h the resin was washed successively with DMF (5×20 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×20 mL) and dried with nitrogen. After removal of the FMOC as described above, the same sequence was repeated a second time. The resin was then treated with piperidine (5 mL) in DMF (20 mL) for 30 min, and was then washed successively with DMF (5×20 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×20 mL) and dried with nitrogen. 
     N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     Step 2 
     To a solution of benzoic acid (0.122 g) and HATU (0.380 g) in DMF (5.00 mL) was added diisopropylethylamine (0.350 mL). After a period of 15 min., the mixture was added to the resin prepared in Step 1 (1.0 g) in DMF (5.0 mL). 
     After a period of 90 min, the resin was washed successively with DMF (5×10 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×10 mL) and dried with nitrogen. The resin was treated with 5 mL of a mixture of TFA: water (9:1) and 0.05 mL of triisopropylsilane for 30 min. The resin was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated and co-distilled with water. The residue was treated with 2.5 mL of a mixture of TFA:DMS:TMSOTf (5:3:1) and 0.05 mL of triisopropylsilane and stirred at 25° C. for 15 h. The title compound was purified by reverse phase HPLC (C18 column, 40×100 m) using a mobile phase gradient from 0.5% TFA in water to 50/50 acetonitrile/0.5% TFA in water over 40 min. and monitoring at 235 nM. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 2.91 and 3.12 (4H, m), 4.60 (1H, m), 4.80 (1H, m), 7.29 to 7.75 (13H, m). 
     Example 3 
     N-Acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-]4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     Step 1 
     The resin (0.50 g) of Example 2 Step 1, was treated as described in Example 2 Step 2 using N-α-Fmoc-L-phenylalanine (0.162 g), HATU (0.160 g) and diisopropylethylamine (0.150 mL) in DMF (3.0 mL) for 30 min. The resin was then washed with 5×10 mL DMF and 5×10 mL CH 2 Cl 2  and dried with N 2 . The resin was then treated with a mixture of 1.0 mL of piperidine in 4.0 mL of DMF. After a period of 30 min. the resin was washed successively with DMF (5×10 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×10 mL) and dried with nitrogen. To the resin was added a DMF (3.0 mL) solution of acetylimidazole (0.300 g). After a period of 1 h, the resin was washed successively with DMF (5×10 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×10 mL). The resin was treated with 5.0 mL of a mixture of TFA:water (9:1) and 0.05 mL of triisopropylsilane for 30 min. The resin was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated and co-distilled with water. The residue was treated with 2.5 mL of a mixture of TFA:DMS:TMSOTf (5:3:1) and 0.05 mL of triisopropylsilane and stirred at 25° C. for 15 h. The desired tripeptide, the title compound, was purified by reverse phase HPLC (C18 Column, 40×100 mm) using a mobile phase gradient from 0.5% TFA in water to 50/50 acetonitrile/0.5% TFA in water over 40 min. and monitoring at 235 nM. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.85 (3H, s), 2.80 (6H, m), 4.52 (3H, m), 7.10 to 7.60 (13H, m). 
     Example 4 
     N-Acety-L-2-naphthyalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-phenylalanine Amide 
     The tide compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.85 (3H, s), 2.70 to 3.20 (6H, m), 4.50 to 4.70 (3H, m), 7.15 to 7.85 (15H, m). 
     Example 5 
     N-Acetyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.90 (3H, s), 2.80 to 3.10 (6H, m), 4.55 (3H, m), 7.20 to 7.60 (12H, m). 
     Example 6 
     N-Acetyl-L-aspartyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.90 (3H, s), 2.60 to 3.20 (6H, m), 4.45 to 4.70 (3H, m), 7.30 (4H, dd), 7.55 (4H, dd). 
     Example 7 
     N-(4-Azido-3-iodo)-benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.95 to 2.08 (2H, m), 2.32 to 2.39 (2H, m), 2.95 to 3.03 (2H, m), 3.05 to 3.12 (1H, m), 4.36 to 4.42 (1H, m), 4.50 to 4.57 (2H, m), 6.73 to 6.78 (1H, m), 7.20 to 7.30 (4H, m), 8.16 to 8.19 (1H, m), 9.65 (1H, s). 
     Example 8 
     N-Acetyl-L-tryptophyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 2.85 (3H, s), 2.8 to 3.2 (4H, m), 3.65 (2H, d), 4.45 (2H, m), 4.6 (1H, t), 6.95 to 7.15 (4H, m), 7.25 (2H), 7.30 (2H, d), 7.45 to 7.65 (5H, m). 
     Example 9 
     N-AcetyL-L-histidyl-[4-Phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenyalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.95 (3H, s), 2.80 to 3.20 (6H, m), 4.50 to 4.70 (3H, m), 7.05 (1H, s), 7.20 and 7.55 (8H, m), 8.60 (1H, s). 
     Example 10 
     N-(2-Hydroxy-3-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethylpropanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 2.80 to 3.10 (4H, m), 4.48 (1H, m), 4.70 (1H, m), 7.20 (4H, m), 7.50 (4H, m). 
     Example 11 
     N-Acetyl-D-aspartyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.95 (3H, s), 2.60 to 3.20 (6H, m), 4.60 (3H, m), 7.20 to 7.60 (8H, m). 
     Example 12 
     N-Phthaloyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 2.70 to 3.20 (4H, m), 4.60 to 4.75 (2H, m), 7.00 (1H, dd), 7.30 (4H, dd), 7.55 (6H, m), 8.05 (1H, dd). 
     Example 13 
     N-Acetyl-L-methionyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.85 (2H, m), 1.95 (3H, s), 2.05 (3H, s), 2.45(2H, t), 2.9-3.15 (4H, m), 4.35(1H, m), 4.55 (2H, m), 7.25 (4H, m), 7.52 (4H, m). 
     Example 14 
     N-5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazoloyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-methyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 2.35 (3H, s), 2.90 to 3.20 (4H, m), 4.55 to 4.80(2H, m), 7.20 to 7.55 (13H, m). 
     Example 15 
     N-Acetyl-L-glutaminyl-4-[phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.85 (2H, m), 1.90 (3H, s), 2.20 (2H, m), 2.90 to 3.20 (4H, m), 4.20 (1H, m), 4.55 (2H, m), 4.80 (1H, m), 7.20 to 7.55 (8H, m). 
     Example 16 
     N-Acetyl-D-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.90 (2H, m), 1.95 (3H, s), 2.20 (2H, t), 2.80 to 3.00 (4H, m), 4.50 (3H, m), 7.20 to 7.55 (8H, m). 
     Example 17 
     N-Acetyl-L-threonyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalamine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.07 (3H, d), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.81-3.11 (5H, m), 4.02(1H, m), 4.23 (1lH, d), 4.58 (2H, m), 7.27 (4H, m), 7.51 (4H, m). 
     Example 18 
     N-Benzoyl-glycinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-]phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 2.80 to 3.20 (4H, m), 3.90 (2H, m), 4.55 (2H, m), 7.20 to 7.90 (13H, m). 
     Example 19 
     N-Benzoyl-L-γ-methylglutamate-]4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanyl-]4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was isolated from standing the free acid of Example 1 in MeOH. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 2.08 (2H, m), 2.40 (2H, m), 2.88-3.15 (4H, m), 3.65 (3H, s), 4.52 (1H, q), 4.55 (2H, q), 7.28 (4H, t), 7.42-7.58 (7H, m), 7.85 (2H, d). 
     Example 20 
     N-Acetyl-L-arginyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanyl-]4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 2.10 (3H, s), 2.15 (1H, q), 2.35 (4H, t), 2.50 (1H, m), 3.0 to 3.2 (4H, m), 3.76 (2H, t), 6.72 (2H, d), 6.95 (2H, d), 7.12 (2H, d), 7.30 (2H, d). 
     Example 21 
     N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine 
     To Wang resin (140 mg) in THF (2.5 mL) were added N-α-Fmoc-4-[diethylphosphono-(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine (0.200 g), diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (0.082 g). To the previous mixture at 0° C., was added a solution of triphenyl phosphine (0.109 g) in CH 2 Cl 2  (2.5 mL). After a period of 10 h at room temperature the resin was washed with DMF (5×10 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×10 mL). The resin was treated with piperidine (2 mL) in 8 mL of DMF for 30 min. The resin was dried with N 2  and washed successively with DMF (5×10 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×10 mL). To a DMF (3.0 mL) solution of N-α-Fmoc-4-[diethylphosphono-(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine (0.200 g) and HATU (0.132 g) was added diisopropylethylamine (0.121 mL). After a period of 15 min, the mixture was added to the resin in DMF (3.0 mL). After a period of 0.5 h, the resin was dried with N 2  and washed successively DMF (5×10 mL) and CH 2 Cl 2  (5×10 mL). The same sequence was repeated with N-α-Fmoc-L-glutamic acid γ-t-butyl ester and benzoic acid to give the title compound after cleavage from solid support and deprotection as described in Example 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 2.00 (2H, m), 2.40 (2H, t), 2.92 to 3.20 (4H, m), 4.50 to 4.80 (3H, m), 7.30 to 7.90(13H, m). 
     Example 22 
     N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2 using N-α-Fmoc-4-[diethylphosphono-(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 2.91 and 3.12 (4H, m), 4.60 (1H, m), 4.80 (lH, m), 7.29 to 7.75 (13H, m). 
     Example 23 
     N-Benzoyl-D-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluloromethyl)]-D-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalamine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 1.80 (2H, m), 2.15 (2H, t), 2.60 to 2.90 (4H, m), 4.20 to 4.35 (3H, m), 7.00 to 7.60 (13H, m). 
     Example 24 
     N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2. 
       1 H NMR (CD 3 OD) δ 2.85 to 3.00 (4H, m), 4.60 to 4.80 (2H, m), 7.20 to 7.75 (13H, m). 
     Example 25 
     N-Benzoyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2. 
     Example 26 
     N-Benzoyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenyalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-D-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1. 
     Example 27 
     L-Glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1 except there is no capping with benzoic acid. 
     M/z 699 (M−1). 
     Example 28 
     L-Aspartyl-[4-phosphono(difluromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 except there was no capping with acetyl imidazole. 
     M/z 685 (M−1). 
     Example 29 
     N-Acetyl-L-glutamyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 Step 1. 
     M/z 743 (M+1). 
     Example 30 
     L-Lysinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 except there was no capping with acetyl imidazole. 
     M/z 700 (M+1). 
     Example 31 
     L-Serinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 except there was no capping with acetyl imidazole. 
     M/z 659 (M+1). 
     Example 32 
     L-Prolinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 except there was no capping with acetyl imidazole. 
     M/z 669 (M+1). 
     Example 33 
     L-Isoleucinyl-[4-phosphono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine-[4-phoshono(difluoromethyl)]-L-phenylalanine Amide 
     The title compound was prepared as described in Example 3 except there was no capping with acetyl imidazole. 
     M/z 685 (M+1). 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE LISTINGS 
     SEQ ID NO. 1 is the top sense DNA strand of FIGS. 2A and 2B for the PTP1B tyrosine phosphatase enzyme. 
     SEQ ID NO. 2 is the amino acid sequence of FIGS. 2A and 2B for the PTP 1B tyrosine phosphatase enzyme. 
     SEQ ID NO. 3 is the top sense cDNA strand of FIGS. 3A,  3 B and  3 C for the Cathepsin K preproenzyme. 
     SEQ ID NO. 4 is the amino acid sequence of FIGS. 3A,  3 B and  3 C for the Cathepsin K preproenzyme. 
     SEQ ID NO. 5 is the top sense cDNA strand of FIGS. 4A and 4B for the CPP32 apopain proenzyme. 
     SEQ ID NO. 6 is the amino acid sequence of FIGS. 4A and 4B for the CPP32 apopain proenzyme. 
     SEQ ID NO. 7 is the cDNA sequence of the human PTP-1B 1-320  Ser mutant. 
     SEQ ID NO. 8 is the amino acid sequence of the human PTP-1B 1-320  Ser mutant. 
     SEQ ID NO. 9 is the cDNA sequence for apopain C 163 S mutant. 
     SEQ ID NO. 10 is the amino acid sequence for the apopain C 163 S mutant. 
     SEQ ID NO. 11 is the large subunit of the heterodimeric amino acid sequence for the apopain C 163 S mutant. 
     SEQ ID NO. 12 is the cDNA sequence for the Cathepsin K C139S mutant. 
     SEQ ID NO. 13 is the cDNA sequence for the Cathepsin K C 139 A mutant. 
     SEQ ID NO. 14 is the amino acid sequence for the Cathepsin K C 139 S mutant. 
     SEQ ID NO. 15 is the amino acid sequence for the Cathepsin K C 139 A mutant. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO.1 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ATGGAGATGGAAAAGGAGTTCGAGCAGATCGACAAGTCCGGGAGCTGGGCGGCCATTTAC 
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 60 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 CAGGATATCCGACATGAAGCCAGTGACTTCCCATGTAGAGTGGCCAAGCTTCCTAAGAAC 
               
               
                 61 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 120 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AAAAACCGAAATAGGTACAGAGACGTCAGTCCCTTTGACCATAGTCGGATTAAACTACAT 
               
               
                 121 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 180 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 CAAGAAGATAATGACTATATCAACGCTAGTTTGATAAAAATGGAAGAAGCCCAAAGGAGT 
               
               
                 181 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 240 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TACATTCTTACCCAGGGCCCTTTGCCTAACACATGCGGTCACTTTTGGGAGATGGTGTGG 
               
               
                 241 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 300 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GAGCAGAAAAGCAGGGGTGTCGTCATGCTCAACAGAGTGATGGAGAAAGGTTCGTTAAAA 
               
               
                 301 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 360 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TGCGCACAATACTGGCCACAAAAAGAAGAAAAAGAGATGATCTTTGAAGACACAAATTTG 
               
               
                 361 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 420 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AAATTAACATTGATCTCTGAAGATATCAAGTCATATTATACAGTGCGACAGCTAGAATTG 
               
               
                 421 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 480 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GAAAACCTTACAACCCAAGAAACTCGAGAGATCTTACATTTCCACTATACCACATGGCCT 
               
               
                 481 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 540 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GACTTTGGAGTCCCTGAATCACCAGCCTCATTCTTGAACTTTCTTTTCAAAGTCCGAGAG 
               
               
                 541 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 600 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TCAGGGTCACTCAGCCCGGAGCACGGGCCCGTTGTGGTGCACTGCAGTGCAGGCATCGGC 
               
               
                 601 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 660 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AGGTCTGGAACCTTCTGTCTGGCTGATACCTGCCTCCTGCTGATGGACAAGAGGAAAGAC 
               
               
                 661 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 720 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 CCTTCTTCCGTTGATATCAAGAAAGTGCTGTTAGAAATGAGGAAGTTTCGGATGGGGTTG 
               
               
                 721 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 780 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ATCCAGACAGCCGACCAGCTGCGCTTCTCCTACCTGGCTGTGATCGAAGGTGCCAAATTC 
               
               
                 781 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 840 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ATCATGGGGGACTCTTCCGTGCAGGATCAGTGGAAGGAGCTTTCCCACGAGGACCTGGAG 
               
               
                 841 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 900 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 CCCCCACCCGAGCATATCCCCCCACCTCCCCGGCCACCCAAACGAATCCTGGAGCCACACTGA 
               
               
                 901 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+--- 
                 960 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO.2 
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 MetGluMetGluLysGluPheGluGlnIleAspLysSerGlySerTrpAlaAlaIleTyr 
                 20 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 21 
                 GlnAspIleArgHisGluAlaSerAspPheProCysArgValAlaLysLeuProLysAsn 
                 40 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 41 
                 LysAsnArgAsnArgTyrArgAspValSerProPheAspHisSerArgIleLysLeuHis 
                 60 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 61 
                 GlnGluAspAsnAspTyrIleAsnAlaSerLeuIleLysMetGluGluA1aGlnArgSer 
                 80 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 81 
                 TyrIleLeuThrGlnGlyProLeuProAsnThrCysGlyHisPheTrpGluMetValTrp 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 GluGlnLysSerArgGlyValValMetLeuAsnArgValMetGluLysGlySerLeuLys 
                 120 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 121 
                 CysAlaGlnTyrTrpProGlnLysGluGluLysGluMetIlePheGluAspTrpAsnLeu 
                 140 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 141 
                 LysLeuThrLeuIleSerGluAspIleLysSerTyrTyrThrValArgGlnLeuGluLeu 
                 160 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 161 
                 GluAsnLeuThrThrGlnGluThrArgGluIleLeuHisPheHisTyrThrThrTrpPro 
                 180 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 181 
                 AspPheGlyValProGluSerProAlaSerPheLeuAsnPheLeuPheLysValArgGlu 
                 200 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 201 
                 SerGlySerLeuSerProGluHisGlyProValValValHis   Cys   SerAlaGlyIleGly 
                 220 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 221 
                 ArgSerGlyThrPheCysLeuAlaAspThrCysLeuLeuLeuMetAspLysArgLysAsp 
                 240 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 241 
                 ProSerSerValAspIleLysLysValLeuLeuGluMetArgLysPheArgMetGlyLeu 
                 260 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 261 
                 IleGlnThrAlaAspGlnLeuArgPheSerTyrLeuAlaValIleGluGlyAlaLysPhe 
                 280 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 281 
                 IleMetGlyAspSerSerValGlnAspGlnTrpLysGluLeuSerHisGluAspLeuGlu 
                 300 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 301 
                 ProProProGluHisIleProProProProArgProProLysArgIleLeuGluProHisEnd 
                 320 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO. 3 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 GAAACAAGCACTGGATTCCATATCCCACTGCCAAAACCGCATGGTTCAGATTATCGCTAT 
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 60 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TGCAGCTTTCATCATAATACACACCTTTGCTGCCGAAACGAAGCCAGACAACAGATTTCC 
               
               
                 61 
                 ---------+---------+-------- +---------+---------+---------+ 
                 120 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ATCAGCAGGATGTGGGGGCTCAAGGTTCTGCTGCTACCTGTGGTGAGCTTTGCTCTGTAC 
               
               
                 121 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 180 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 CCTGAGGAGATACTGGACACCCACTGGGAGCTATGGAAGAAGACCCACAGGAAGCAATAT 
               
               
                 181 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 240 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AACAACAAGGTGGATGAAATCTCTCGGCGTTTAATTTGGGAAAAAAACCTGAAGTATATT 
               
               
                 241 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 300 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TCCATCCATAACCTTGAGGCTTCTCTTGGTGTCCATACATATGAACTGGCTATGAACCAC 
               
               
                 301 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 360 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 CTGGGGGACATGACCAGTGAAGAGGTGGTTCAGAAGATGACTGGACTCAAAGTACCCCTG 
               
               
                 361 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 420 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TCTCATTCCCGCAGTAATGACACCCTTTATATCCCAGAATGGGTAGAGTAGAGCCCAGAC 
               
               
                 421 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 480 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TCTGTCGACTATCGAAAGAAAGGATATGTTACTCCTGTCAAAAATCAGGGTCAGTGTGGT 
               
               
                 481 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 540 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TCCTGTTGGGCTTTTAGCTCTGTGGGTGCCCTGGAGGGCCAACTCAAGAAGAAAACTGGC 
               
               
                 541 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 600 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AAACTCTTAAATCTGAGTCCCCAGAACCTAGTGGATTGTGTGTCTGAGAATGATGGCTGT 
               
               
                 601 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 660 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GGAGGGGGCTACATGACCAATGCCTTCCAATATGTGCAGAAGAACCGGGGTATTGACTCT 
               
               
                 661 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 720 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GAAGATGCCTACCCATATGTGGGACAGGAAGAGAGTTGTATGTACAACCCAACAGGCAAG 
               
               
                 721 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 780 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GCAGCTAAATGCAGAGGGTACAGAGAGATCCCCGAGGGGAATGAGAAAGCCCTGAAGAGG 
               
               
                 781 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 840 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GCAGTGGCCCGAGTGGGACCTGTCTCTGTGGCCATTGATGCAAGCCTGACCTCCTTCCAG 
               
               
                 841 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 900 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TTTTACAGCAAAGGTGTGTATTATGATGAAAGCTGCAATAGCGATAATCTGAACCATGCG 
               
               
                 901 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 960 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GTTTTGGCAGTGGGATATGGAATCCAGAAGGGAAACAAGCACTGGATAATTAAAAACAGC 
               
               
                 961 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 1020 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TGGGGAGAAAACTGGGGAAACAAAGGATATATCCTCATGGCTCGAAATAAGAACAACGCC 
               
               
                 1021 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 1080 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TGTGGCATTGCCAACCTGGCCAGCTTCCCCAAGATGTGACTCCAGCCAGCCAAATCCATC 
               
               
                 1081 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 1140 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 CTGCTCTTCCATTTCTTCCACGATGGTGCAGTGTAACGATGCACTTTGGAAGGGAGTTGG 
               
               
                 1141 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 1200 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TGTGCTATTTTTGAAGCAGATGTGGTGATACTGAGATTGTCTGTTCAGTTTCCCCATTTG 
               
               
                 1201 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 1260 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TTTGTGCTTCAAATGATCCTTCCTACTTTGCTTCTCTCCACCCATGACCTTTTTCACTGT 
               
               
                 1261 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 1320 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GGCCATCAGGACTTTCCCTGACAGCTGTGTACTCTTAGGCTAAGAGATGTGACTACAGCC 
               
               
                 1321 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 1380 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TGCCCCTGACTGTGTTGTCCCAGGGCTGATGCTGTACAGGTACAGGCTGGAGATTTTCAC 
               
               
                 1381 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 1440 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ATAGGTTAGATTCTCATTCACGGGACTAGTTAGCTTTAAGCACCCTAGAGGACTAGGGTA 
               
               
                 1441 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 1500 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ATCTGACTTCTCACTTCCTAATGTTCCCTTCATACTCCTCAAGGTAGAATGTCTATGTTT 
               
               
                 1501 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 1560 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TCTACTCCAATTCATAAATCTATTCATAAGTCTTTGGTACAAGTTTACATGATAAAAAGA 
               
               
                 1561 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 1620 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AATGTGATTTGTCTTCCCTTCTTTGCACTTTTGAAATAAAGTATTTATC 
               
               
                 1621 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------- 
                 1669 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO.4 
                   
               
               
                 MetTrpGlyLeuLysValLeuLeuLeuProValValSerPheAlaLeuTyr 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ProGluGluIleLeuAspThrHisTrpGluLeuTrpLysLysThrHisArgLysGlnTyr 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AsnAsnLysValAspGluIleSerArgArgLeuIleTrpGluLysAsnLeuLysTyrIle 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SerIleHisAsnLeuGluAlaSerLeuGlyValHisThrTyrGluLeuAlaMetAsnHis 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 LeuGlyAspMetThrSerGluGluValValGlnLysMetThrGlyLeuLysValProLeu 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SerHisSerArgSerAsnAspThrLeuTyrIleProGluTrpGluGlyArgAlaProAsp 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SerValAspTyrArgLysLysGlyTyrValThrProValLysAsnGlnGlyGlnCysGly 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ser Cys TrpAlaPheSerSerValGlyAlaLeuGluGlyGlnLeuLysLysLysThrGly 
               
               
                     139 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 LysLeuLeuAsnLeuSerProGlnAsnLeuValAspCysValSerGluAsnAspGlyCys 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GlyGlyGlyTyrMetThrAsnAlaPheGlnTyrValGlnLysAsnArgGlyIleAspSer 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GluAspAlaTyrProTyrValGlyGlnGluGluSerCysMetTyrAsnProThrGlyLys 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AlaAlaCysArgLTyrArgGluIleProGluGlyAsnGluLysAlaLeuLysArg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AlaValAlaArgValGlyProValSerValAlaIleAspAlaSerLeuThrSerPheGln 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 PheTyrSerLysGlyValTyrTyrAspGluSerCysAsnSerAspAsnLeuAsnHisAla 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ValLeuAlaValGlyTyrGlyIleGlnLysGlyAsnLysHisTrpIleIleLysAsnSer 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TrpGlyGluAsnTrpGlyAsnLysGlyTyrIleLeuMetAlaArgAsnLysAsnAsnAla 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CysGlyIleAlaAsnLeuAlaSerPheProLysMetEnd 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO.5 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 CTGCAGGAATTCGGCACGAGGGGTGCTATTGTGAGGCGGTTGTAGAAGTTAATAAAGGTA 
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 60 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TCCATGGAGAACACTGAAAACTCAGTGGATTCAAAATCCATTAAAAATTTGGAACCAAAG 
               
               
                 61 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 120 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ATCATACATGGAAGCCAATCAATGGACTCTGGAATATCCCTGGACAACAGTTATAAAATG 
               
               
                 121 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 180 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GATTATCCTGAGATGGGTTTATGTATAATAATTAATAATAAGAATTTTCATAAGAGCACT 
               
               
                 181 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 240 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GGAATGACATCTCGGTCTGGTACAGATGTCGATGCAGCAAACCTCAGGGAAACATTCAGA 
               
               
                 241 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 300 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AACTTGAAATATGAAGTCAGGAATAAAAATGATCTTACACGTGAAGAAATTGTGGAATTG 
               
               
                 301 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 360 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ATGCGTGATGTTTCTAAAGAAGATCACAGCAAAAGGAGCAGTTTTGTTTGTGTGCTTCTG 
               
               
                 361 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 420 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AGCCATGGTGAAGAAGGAATAATTTTTGGAACAAATGGACCTGTTGACCTGAAAAAAATA 
               
               
                 421 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 480 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ACAAACTTTTTCAGAGGGGATCGTTGTAGAAGTCTAACTGGAAAACCCAAACTTTTCATT 
               
               
                 481 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 540 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ATTCAGGCCTGCCGTGGTACAGAACTGGACTGTGGCATTGAGACAGACAGTGGTGTTGAT 
               
               
                 541 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 600 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GATGACATGGCGTGTCATAAAATACCAGTGGAGGCCGACTTCTTGTATGCATACTCCACA 
               
               
                 601 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 660 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GCACCTGGTTATTATTCTTGGCGAAATTCAAGGATGGCTCCTGGTTCATCCAGTCGCTT 
               
               
                 661 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 720 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TGTGCCATGCTGAAACAGTATGCCGACAAGCTTGAATTTATGCACATTCTTACCCGGGTT 
               
               
                 721 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 780 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AACCGAAAGGTGGCAACAGAATTTGAGTCCTTTTCCTTTGACGCTACTTTTCATGCAAAG 
               
               
                 781 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 840 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AAACAGATTCCATGTATTGTTTCCATGCTCACAAAAGAACTCTATTTTTATCACTAAAGA 
               
               
                 841 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 900 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AATGGTTGGTTGGTGGTTTTTTTTAGTTTGTATGCCAAGTGAGAAGATGGTATATTTGGT 
               
               
                 901 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+ 
                 960 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ACTGTATTTCCCTCTCATTTTGACCTACTCTCATGCTGCAG 
               
               
                 961 
                 ---------+---------+---------+---------+- 
                 1001 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO.6 
                   
               
               
                 MetGluAsnThrGluAsnSerValAspSerLysSerIleLysAsnLeuGluProLys 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IleIleHisGlySerGluSerMetAspSerGlyIleSerLeuAspAsnSerTyrLysMet 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AspTyrProGluMetGlyLeuCysIleIleIleAsnAsnLysAsnPheHisLysSerThr 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GlyMetThrSerArgSerGlyThrAspValAspAlaAlaAsnLeuArgGluThrPheArg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AsnLeuLysTyrGluValArgAsnLysAsnAspLeuThrArgGluGluIleValGluLeu 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 MetArgAspValSerLysGluAspHisSerLysArgSerSerPheValCysValLeuLeu 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SerHisGlyGluGluGlyIleIlePheGlyThrAsnGlyProValAspLeuLysLysIle 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ThrAsnPhePheArgGlyAspArgCysArgSerLeuThrGlyLysProLysLeuPheIle 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IleGlnAla Cys ArgGlyThrGluLeuAspCysGlyIleGluThrAspSerGlyValAsp 
               
               
                          163 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AspAspMetAlaCysHisLysIleProValGluAlaAspPheLeuTyrAlaTyrSerThr 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AlaProGlyTyrTyrSerTrpArgAsnSerLysAspGlySerTrpPheIleGlnSerLeu 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CysAlaMetLeuLysGlnTyrAlaAspLysLeuGluPheMetHisIleLeuThrArgVal 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AsnArgLysValAlaThrGluPheGluSerPheSerPheAspAlaThrPheHisAlaLys 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 LysGlnIleProCysIleValSerMetLeuThrLysGluLeuTyrPheTyrHisEnd 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                  SEQ ID NO.7 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ATGGAGATGGAAAAGGAGTTCGAGCAGATCGACAAGTCCGGGAGCTGGGCGGCCATTTAC 
                   
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 60 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 CAGGATATCCGACATGAAGCCAGTGACTTCCCATGTAGAGTGGCCAAGCTTCCTAAGAAC 
               
               
                 61 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 120 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AAAAACCGAAATAGGTACAGAGACGTCAGTCCCTTTGACCATAGTCGGATTAAACTACAT 
               
               
                 121 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 180 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 CAAGAAGATAATGACTATATCAACGCTAGTTTGATAAAAATGGAAGAAGCCCAAAGGAGT 
               
               
                 181 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 240 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TACATTCTTACCCAGGGCCCTTTGCCTAACACATGCGGTCACTTTTGGGAGATGGTGTGG 
               
               
                 241 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 300 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GAGCAGAAAAGCAGGGGTGTCGTCATGCTCAACAGAGTGATGGAGAAAGGTTCGTTAAAA 
               
               
                 301 
                 −−−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 360 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TGCGCACAATACTGGCCACAAAAAGAAGAAAAAGAGATGATCTTTGAAGACACAAATTTG 
               
               
                 361 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 420 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AAATTAACATTGATCTCTGAAGATATCAAGTCATATTATACAGTGCGACAGCTAGAATTG 
               
               
                 421 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 480 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GAAAACCTTACAACCCAAGAAACTCGAGAGATCTTACATTTCCACTATACCACATGGCCT 
               
               
                 481 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 540 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 GACTTTGGAGTCCCTGAATCACCAGCCTCATTCTTGAACTTTCTTTTCAAAGTCCGAGAG 
               
               
                 541 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 600 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 TCAGGGTCACTCAGCCCGGAGCACGGGCCCGTTGTGGTGCACTGCAGTGCAGGCATCGGC 
               
               
                 601 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 660 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 AGGTCTGGAACCTTCTGTCTGGCTGATACCTGCCTCCTGCTGATGGACAAGAGGAAAGAC 
               
               
                 661 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 720 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 CCTTCTTCCGTTGATATCAAGAAAGTGCTGTTAGAAATGAGGAAGTTTCGGATGGGGTTG 
               
               
                 721 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 780 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ATCCAGACAGCCGACCAGCTGCGCTTCTCCTACCTGGCTGTGATCGAAGGTGCCAAATTC 
               
               
                 781 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 840 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 ATCATGGGGGACTCTTCCGTGCAGGATCAGTGGAAGGAGCTTTCCCACGAGGACCTGGAG 
               
               
                 841 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+ 
                 900 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 CCCCCACCCGAGCATATCCCCCCACCTCCCCGGCCACCCAAACGAATCCTGGAGCCACACTGA 
               
               
                 901 
                 −−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−−−−−−−−+−−− 
                 960 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO. 8 
                   
                   
               
               
                 MetGluMetGluLysGluPheGluGlnIleAspLysSerGlySerTrpAlaAlaIleTyr 
                 20 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GlnAspIleArgHisGluAlaSerAspPheProCysArgValAlaLysLeuProLysAsn 
                 40 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 LysAsnArgAsnArgTyrArgAspValSerProPheAspHisSerArgIleLysLeuHis 
                 60 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GlnGluAspAsnAspTyrIleAsnAlaSerLeuIleLysMetGluGluAlaGlnArgSer 
                 80 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 TyrIleLeuThrGlnGlyProLeuProAsnThrCysGlyHisPheTrpGluMetValTrp 
                 100 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GluGlnLysSerArgGlyValValMetLeuAsnArgValMetGluLysGlySerLeuLys 
                 120 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 CysAlaGlnTyrTrpProGlnLysGluGluLysGluMetIlePheGluAspThrAsnLeu 
                 140 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 LysLeuThrLeuIleSerGluAspIleLysSerTyrTyrThrValArgGlnLeuGluLeu 
                 160 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 GluAsnLeuThrThrGlnGluThrArgGluIleLeuHisPheHisTyrThrThrTrpPro 
                 180 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AspPheGlyValProGluSerProAlaSerPheLeuAsnPheLeuPheLysValArgGlu 
                 200 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SerGlySerLeuSerProGluHisGlyProValValValHis   Cys   SerAlaGlyIleGly 
                 220 
               
               
                 {TCG} 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ArgSerGlyThrPheCysLeuAlaAspThrCysLeuLeuLeuMetAspLysArgLysAsp 
                 240 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ProSerSerValAspIleLysLysValLeuLeuGluMetArgLysPheArgMetGlyLeu 
                 260 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IleGlnThrAlaAspGlnLeuArgPheSerTyrLeuAlaValIleGluGlyAlaLysPhe 
                 280 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 IleMetGlyAspSerSerValGlnAspGlnTrpLysGluLeuSerHisGluAspLeuGlu 
                 300 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ProProProGluHisIleProProProProArgProProLysArgIleLeuGluProHisEnd 
                 320 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO. 9 
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 CTGCAGGAAT  TCGGCACGAG  GGGTGCTATT  GTGAGGCGGT  TGTAGAAGTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 51 
                 AATAAAGGTA  TCCATGGAGA  ACACTGAAAA  CTCAGTGGAT TCAAAATCCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 TTAAAAATTT GGAACCAAAG ATCATACATG GAAGCGAATC AATGGACTCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 151 
                 GGAATATCCC TGGACAACAG TTATAAAATG 
                 GATTATCCTG AGATGGGTTT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 201 
                 ATGTATAATA ATTAATAATA  AGAATTTTCA  TAAGAGCACT GGAATGACAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 251 
                 CTCGGTCTGG TACAGATGTC GATGCAGCAA  ACCTCAGGGA  AACATTCAGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 301 
                 AACTTGAAAT ATGAAGTCAG GAATAAAAAT GATCTTACAC GTGAAGAAAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 351 
                 TGTGGAATTG ATGCGTGATG TTTCTAAAGA  AGATCACAGC AAAAGGAGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 401 
                 GTTTTGTTTG TGTGCTTCTG AGCCATGGTG AAGAAGGAAT AATTTTTGGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 451 
                 ACAAATGGAC CTGTTGACCT GAAAAAAATA  ACAAACTTTT TCAGAGGGGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 501 
                 TCGTTGTAGA AGTCTAACTG GAAAACCCAA  ACTTTTCATT ATTCAGGCCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 551 
                 CCCGTGGTAC AGAACTGGAC TGTGGCATTG AGACAGACAG TGGTGTTGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 601 
                 GATGACATGG CGTGTCATAA AATACCAGTG GAGGCCGACT TCTTGTATGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 651 
                 ATACTCCACA GCACCTGGTT ATTATTCTTG GCGAAATTCA  AAGGATGGCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 701 
                 CCTGGTTCAT CCAGTCGCTT TGTGCCATGC TGAAACAGTA  TGCCGACAAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 751 
                 CTTGAATTTA TGCACATTCT TACCCGGGTT AACCGAAAGG TGGCAACAGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 801 
                 ATTTGAGTCC TTTTCCTTTG ACGCTACTTT TCATGCAAAG AAACAGATTC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 851 
                 CATGTATTGT TTCCATGCTC ACAAAAGAAC TCTATTTTTA  TCACTAAAGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 901 
                 AATGGTTGGT TGGTGGTTTT TTTTAGTTTG TATGCCAAGT GAGAAGATGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 951 
                 TATATTTGGT ACTGTATTTC CCTCTCATTT TGACCTACTC TCATGCTGCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1001 
                 G 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO.10 
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 MENTENSVDS KSIKNLEPKI IHGSESMDSG ISLDNSYKMD YPEMGLCIII 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 51 
                 NNKNFHKSTG MTSRSGTDVD AANLRETFRN LKYEVRNKND LTREEIVELM 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 RDVSKEDHSK RSSFVCVLLS HGEEGIIFGT NGPVDLKKIT NFFRGDRCRS 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 151 
                 LTGKPKLFII QA S RGTELDC GIETDSGVDD DMACHKIPVE ADFLYAYSTA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 201 
                 PGYYSWRNSK DGSWFIQSLC AMLKQYADKL EFMHILTRVN RKVATEFESF 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 251 
                 SFDATFHAKK QIPCIVSMLT KELYFYH 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO.11 
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                                              MSG ISLDNSYKMD YPEMGLCIII 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 51 
                 NNKNFHKSTG MTSRSGTDVD AANLRETFRN LKYEVRNKND LTREEIVELM 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 RDVSKEDHSK RSSFVCVLLS HGEEGIIFGT NGPVDLKKIT NFFRGDRCRS 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 151 
                 LTGKPKLFII QASRGTELDC GIETD 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   1 
                 ATGTGGGGGC TCAAGGTTCT GCTGCTACCT GTGGTGAGCT TTGCTCTGTA 
                 SEQ ID NO. 12 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                  51 
                 CCCTGAGGAG ATACTGGACA CCCACTGGGA GCTATGGAAG AAGACCCACA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 GGAAGCAATA TAACAACAAG GTGGATGAAA TCTCTCGGCG TTTAATTTGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 151 
                 GAAAAAAACC TGAAGTATAT TTCCATCCAT AACCTTGAGG CTTCTCTTGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 201 
                 TGTCCATACA TATGAACTGG CTATGAACCA CCTGGGGGAC ATGACCAGTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 251 
                 AAGAGGTGGT TCAGAAGATG ACTGGACTCA AAGTACCCCT GTCTCATTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 301 
                 CGCAGTAATG ACACCCTTTA TATCCCAGAA TGGGAAGGTA GAGCCCCAGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 351 
                 CTCTGTCGAC TATCGAAAGA AAGGATATGT TACTCCTGTC AAAAATCAGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 401 
                 GTCAGTGTGG TTCC TCT TGG GCTTTTAGCT CTGTGGGTGC CCTGGAGGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 451 
                 CAACTCAAGA AGAAAACTGG CAAACTCTTA AATCTGAGTC CCCAGAACCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 501 
                 AGTGGATTGT GTGTCTGAGA ATGATGGCTG TGGAGGGGGC TACATGACCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 551 
                 ATGCCTTCCA ATATGTGCAG AAGAACCGGG GTATTGACTC TGAAGATGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 601 
                 TACCCATATG TGGGACAGGA AGAGAGTTGT ATGTACAACC CAACAGGCAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 651 
                 GGCAGCTAAA TGCAGAGGGT ACAGAGAGAT CCCCGAGGGG AATGAGAAAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 701 
                 CCCTGAAGAG GGCAGTGGCC CGAGTGGGAC CTGTCTCTGT GGCCATTGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 751 
                 GCAAGCCTGA CCTCCTTCCA GTTTTACAGC AAAGGTGTGT ATTATGATGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 801 
                 AAGCTGCAAT AGCGATAATC TGAACCATGC GGTTTTGGCA GTGGGATATG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 851 
                 GAATCCAGAA GGGAAACAAG CACTGGATAA TTAAAAACAG CTGGGGAGAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 901 
                 AACTGGGGAA ACAAAGGATA TATCCTCATG GCTCGAAATA AGAACAACGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 951 
                 CTGTGGCATT GCCAACCTGG CCAGCTTCCC CAAGATGTGA 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   1 
                 ATGTGGGGGC TCAAGGTTCT GCTGCTACCT GTGGTGAGCT TTGCTCTGTA 
                 SEQ ID NO. 13 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                  51 
                 CCCTGAGGAG ATACTGGACA CCCACTGGGA GCTATGGAAG AAGACCCACA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 GGAAGCAATA TAACAACAAG GTGGATGAAA TCTCTCGGCG TTTAATTTGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 151 
                 GAAAAAAACC TGAAGTATAT TTCCATCCAT AACCTTGAGG CTTCTCTTGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 201 
                 TGTCCATACA TATGAACTGG CTATGAACCA CCTGGGGGAC ATGACCAGTG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 251 
                 AAGAGGTGGT TCAGAAGATG ACTGGACTCA AAGTACCCCT GTCTCATTCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 301 
                 CGCAGTAATG ACACCCTTTA TATCCCAGAA TGGGAAGGTA GAGCCCCAGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 351 
                 CTCTGTCGAC TATCGAAAGA AAGGATATGT TACTCCTGTC AAAAATCAGG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 401 
                 GTCAGTGTGG TTCC GCT TGG GCTTTTAGCT CTGTGGGTGC CCTGGAGGGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 451 
                 CAACTCAAGA AGAAAACTGG CAAACTCTTA AATCTGAGTC CCCAGAACCT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 501 
                 AGTGGATTGT GTGTCTGAGA ATGATGGCTG TGGAGGGGGC TACATGACCA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 551 
                 ATGCCTTCCA ATATGTGCAG AAGAACCGGG GTATTGACTC TGAAGATGCC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 601 
                 TACCCATATG TGGGACAGGA AGAGAGTTGT ATGTACAACC CAACAGGCAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 651 
                 GGCAGCTAAA TGCAGAGGGT ACAGAGAGAT CCCCGAGGGG AATGAGAAAG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 701 
                 CCCTGAAGAG GGCAGTGGCC CGAGTGGGAC CTGTCTCTGT GGCCATTGAT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 751 
                 GCAAGCCTGA CCTCCTTCCA GTTTTACAGC AAAGGTGTGT ATTATGATGA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 801 
                 AAGCTGCAAT AGCGATAATC TGAACCATGC GGTTTTGGCA GTGGGATATG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 851 
                 GAATCCAGAA GGGAAACAAG CACTGGATAA TTAAAAACAG CTGGGGAGAA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 901 
                 AACTGGGGAA ACAAAGGATA TATCCTCATG GCTCGAAATA AGAACAACGC 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 951 
                 CTGTGGCATT GCCAACCTGG CCAGCTTCCC CAAGATGTGA 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   1 
                 MWGLKVLLLP VVSFALYPEE ILDTHWELWK KTHRKQYNNK VDEISRRLIW 
                 SEQ ID NO. 14 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                  51 
                 EKNLKYISIH NLEASLGVHT YELAANHLGD MTSEEVVQKM TGLKVPLSHS 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 RSNDTLYIPE WEGRAPDSVD YRKKGYVTPV KNQGQCGSSW AFSSVGALEG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 151 
                 QLKKKTGKLL NLSPQNLVDC VSENDGCGGG YMTNAFQYVQ KNRGIDSEDA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 201 
                 YPYVGQEESC MYNPTGKAAK CRGYREIPEG NEKALKRAVA RVGPVSVAID 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 251 
                 ASLTSFQFYS KGVYYDESCN SDNLNHAVLA VGYGIQKGNK HWIIKNSWGE 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 301 
                 NWGNKGYILM ARNKNNACGI ANLASFPKM 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   1 
                 MWGLKVLLLP VVSFALYPEE ILDTHWELWK KTHRKQYNNK VDEISRRLIW 
                 SEQ ID NO. 15 
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                  51 
                 EKNLKYISIH NLEASLGVHT YELAMNHLGD MTSEEVVQKM TGLKVPLSHS 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 101 
                 RSNDTLYIPE WEGRAPDSVD YRKKGYVTPV KNQGQCGSAW AFSSVGALEG 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 151 
                 QLKKKTGKLL NLSPQNLVDC VSENDGCGGG YMTNAFQYVQ KNRGIDSEDA 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 201 
                 YPYVGQEESC MYNPTGKAAK CRGYREIPEG NEKALKRAVA RVGPVSVAID 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 251 
                 ASLTSFQFYS KGVYYDESCN SDNLNHAVLA VGYGIQKGNK HWIIKNSWGE 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 301 
                 NWGNKGYILM ARNKNNACGI ANLASFPKM 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
           
             15 
           
           
             
               963 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               cDNA 
             
             1
ATGGAGATGG AAAAGGAGTT CGAGCAGATC GACAAGTCCG GGAGCTGGGC GGCCATTTAC     60
CAGGATATCC GACATGAAGC CAGTGACTTC CCATGTAGAG TGGCCAAGCT TCCTAAGAAC    120
AAAAACCGAA ATAGGTACAG AGACGTCAGT CCCTTTGACC ATAGTCGGAT TAAACTACAT    180
CAAGAAGATA ATGACTATAT CAACGCTAGT TTGATAAAAA TGGAAGAAGC CCAAAGGAGT    240
TACATTCTTA CCCAGGGCCC TTTGCCTAAC ACATGCGGTC ACTTTTGGGA GATGGTGTGG    300
GAGCAGAAAA GCAGGGGTGT CGTCATGCTC AACAGAGTGA TGGAGAAAGG TTCGTTAAAA    360
TGCGCACAAT ACTGGCCACA AAAAGAAGAA AAAGAGATGA TCTTTGAAGA CACAAATTTG    420
AAATTAACAT TGATCTCTGA AGATATCAAG TCATATTATA CAGTGCGACA GCTAGAATTG    480
GAAAACCTTA CAACCCAAGA AACTCGAGAG ATCTTACATT TCCACTATAC CACATGGCCT    540
GACTTTGGAG TCCCTGAATC ACCAGCCTCA TTCTTGAACT TTCTTTTCAA AGTCCGAGAG    600
TCAGGGTCAC TCAGCCCGGA GCACGGGCCC GTTGTGGTGC ACTGCAGTGC AGGCATCGGC    660
AGGTCTGGAA CCTTCTGTCT GGCTGATACC TGCCTCCTGC TGATGGACAA GAGGAAAGAC    720
CCTTCTTCCG TTGATATCAA GAAAGTGCTG TTAGAAATGA GGAAGTTTCG GATGGGGTTG    780
ATCCAGACAG CCGACCAGCT GCGCTTCTCC TACCTGGCTG TGATCGAAGG TGCCAAATTC    840
ATCATGGGGG ACTCTTCCGT GCAGGATCAG TGGAAGGAGC TTTCCCACGA GGACCTGGAG    900
CCCCCACCCG AGCATATCCC CCCACCTCCC CGGCCACCCA AACGAATCCT GGAGCCACAC    960
TGA                                                                  963
 
           
           
             
               320 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               peptide 
             
             2
Met Glu Met Glu Lys Glu Phe Glu Gln Ile Asp Lys Ser Gly Ser Trp
 1               5                  10                  15
Ala Ala Ile Tyr Gln Asp Ile Arg His Glu Ala Ser Asp Phe Pro Cys
            20                  25                  30
Arg Val Ala Lys Leu Pro Lys Asn Lys Asn Arg Asn Arg Tyr Arg Asp
        35                  40                  45
Val Ser Pro Phe Asp His Ser Arg Ile Lys Leu His Gln Glu Asp Asn
    50                  55                  60
Asp Tyr Ile Asn Ala Ser Leu Ile Lys Met Glu Glu Ala Gln Arg Ser
65                  70                  75                  80
Tyr Ile Leu Thr Gln Gly Pro Leu Pro Asn Thr Cys Gly His Phe Trp
                85                  90                  95
Glu Met Val Trp Glu Gln Lys Ser Arg Gly Val Val Met Leu Asn Arg
            100                 105                 110
Val Met Glu Lys Gly Ser Leu Lys Cys Ala Gln Tyr Trp Pro Gln Lys
        115                 120                 125
Glu Glu Lys Glu Met Ile Phe Glu Asp Thr Asn Leu Lys Leu Thr Leu
    130                 135                 140
Ile Ser Glu Asp Ile Lys Ser Tyr Tyr Thr Val Arg Gln Leu Glu Leu
145                 150                 155                 160
Glu Asn Leu Thr Thr Gln Glu Thr Arg Glu Ile Leu His Phe His Tyr
                165                 170                 175
Thr Thr Trp Pro Asp Phe Gly Val Pro Glu Ser Pro Ala Ser Phe Leu
            180                 185                 190
Asn Phe Leu Phe Lys Val Arg Glu Ser Gly Ser Leu Ser Pro Glu His
        195                 200                 205
Gly Pro Val Val Val His Cys Ser Ala Gly Ile Gly Arg Ser Gly Thr
    210                 215                 220
Phe Cys Leu Ala Asp Thr Cys Leu Leu Leu Met Asp Lys Arg Lys Asp
225                 230                 235                 240
Pro Ser Ser Val Asp Ile Lys Lys Val Leu Leu Glu Met Arg Lys Phe
                245                 250                 255
Arg Met Gly Leu Ile Gln Thr Ala Asp Gln Leu Arg Phe Ser Tyr Leu
            260                 265                 270
Ala Val Ile Glu Gly Ala Lys Phe Ile Met Gly Asp Ser Ser Val Gln
        275                 280                 285
Asp Gln Trp Lys Glu Leu Ser His Glu Asp Leu Glu Pro Pro Pro Glu
    290                 295                 300
His Ile Pro Pro Pro Pro Arg Pro Pro Lys Arg Ile Leu Glu Pro His
305                 310                 315                 320
 
           
           
             
               1669 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               cDNA 
             
             3
GAAACAAGCA CTGGATTCCA TATCCCACTG CCAAAACCGC ATGGTTCAGA TTATCGCTAT     60
TGCAGCTTTC ATCATAATAC ACACCTTTGC TGCCGAAACG AAGCCAGACA ACAGATTTCC    120
ATCAGCAGGA TGTGGGGGCT CAAGGTTCTG CTGCTACCTG TGGTGAGCTT TGCTCTGTAC    180
CCTGAGGAGA TACTGGACAC CCACTGGGAG CTATGGAAGA AGACCCACAG GAAGCAATAT    240
AACAACAAGG TGGATGAAAT CTCTCGGCGT TTAATTTGGG AAAAAAACCT GAAGTATATT    300
TCCATCCATA ACCTTGAGGC TTCTCTTGGT GTCCATACAT ATGAACTGGC TATGAACCAC    360
CTGGGGGACA TGACCAGTGA AGAGGTGGTT CAGAAGATGA CTGGACTCAA AGTACCCCTG    420
TCTCATTCCC GCAGTAATGA CACCCTTTAT ATCCCAGAAT GGGAAGGTAG AGCCCCAGAC    480
TCTGTCGACT ATCGAAAGAA AGGATATGTT ACTCCTGTCA AAAATCAGGG TCAGTGTGGT    540
TCCTGTTGGG CTTTTAGCTC TGTGGGTGCC CTGGAGGGCC AACTCAAGAA GAAAACTGGC    600
AAACTCTTAA ATCTGAGTCC CCAGAACCTA GTGGATTGTG TGTCTGAGAA TGATGGCTGT    660
GGAGGGGGCT ACATGACCAA TGCCTTCCAA TATGTGCAGA AGAACCGGGG TATTGACTCT    720
GAAGATGCCT ACCCATATGT GGGACAGGAA GAGAGTTGTA TGTACAACCC AACAGGCAAG    780
GCAGCTAAAT GCAGAGGGTA CAGAGAGATC CCCGAGGGGA ATGAGAAAGC CCTGAAGAGG    840
GCAGTGGCCC GAGTGGGACC TGTCTCTGTG GCCATTGATG CAAGCCTGAC CTCCTTCCAG    900
TTTTACAGCA AAGGTGTGTA TTATGATGAA AGCTGCAATA GCGATAATCT GAACCATGCG    960
GTTTTGGCAG TGGGATATGG AATCCAGAAG GGAAACAAGC ACTGGATAAT TAAAAACAGC   1020
TGGGGAGAAA ACTGGGGAAA CAAAGGATAT ATCCTCATGG CTCGAAATAA GAACAACGCC   1080
TGTGGCATTG CCAACCTGGC CAGCTTCCCC AAGATGTGAC TCCAGCCAGC CAAATCCATC   1140
CTGCTCTTCC ATTTCTTCCA CGATGGTGCA GTGTAACGAT GCACTTTGGA AGGGAGTTGG   1200
TGTGCTATTT TTGAAGCAGA TGTGGTGATA CTGAGATTGT CTGTTCAGTT TCCCCATTTG   1260
TTTGTGCTTC AAATGATCCT TCCTACTTTG CTTCTCTCCA CCCATGACCT TTTTCACTGT   1320
GGCCATCAGG ACTTTCCCTG ACAGCTGTGT ACTCTTAGGC TAAGAGATGT GACTACAGCC   1380
TGCCCCTGAC TGTGTTGTCC CAGGGCTGAT GCTGTACAGG TACAGGCTGG AGATTTTCAC   1440
ATAGGTTAGA TTCTCATTCA CGGGACTAGT TAGCTTTAAG CACCCTAGAG GACTAGGGTA   1500
ATCTGACTTC TCACTTCCTA AGTTCCCTTC TATATCCTCA AGGTAGAAAT GTCTATGTTT   1560
TCTACTCCAA TTCATAAATC TATTCATAAG TCTTTGGTAC AAGTTTACAT GATAAAAAGA   1620
AATGTGATTT GTCTTCCCTT CTTTGCACTT TTGAAATAAA GTATTTATC               1669
 
           
           
             
               329 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               peptide 
             
             4
Met Trp Gly Leu Lys Val Leu Leu Leu Pro Val Val Ser Phe Ala Leu
 1               5                  10                  15
Tyr Pro Glu Glu Ile Leu Asp Thr His Trp Glu Leu Trp Lys Lys Thr
            20                  25                  30
His Arg Lys Gln Tyr Asn Asn Lys Val Asp Glu Ile Ser Arg Arg Leu
        35                  40                  45
Ile Trp Glu Lys Asn Leu Lys Tyr Ile Ser Ile His Asn Leu Glu Ala
    50                  55                  60
Ser Leu Gly Val His Thr Tyr Glu Leu Ala Met Asn His Leu Gly Asp
65                  70                  75                  80
Met Thr Ser Glu Glu Val Val Gln Lys Met Thr Gly Leu Lys Val Pro
                85                  90                  95
Leu Ser His Ser Arg Ser Asn Asp Thr Leu Tyr Ile Pro Glu Trp Glu
            100                 105                 110
Gly Arg Ala Pro Asp Ser Val Asp Tyr Arg Lys Lys Gly Tyr Val Thr
        115                 120                 125
Pro Val Lys Asn Gln Gly Gln Cys Gly Ser Cys Trp Ala Phe Ser Ser
    130                 135                 140
Val Gly Ala Leu Glu Gly Gln Leu Lys Lys Lys Thr Gly Lys Leu Leu
145                 150                 155                 160
Asn Leu Ser Pro Gln Asn Leu Val Asp Cys Val Ser Glu Asn Asp Gly
                165                 170                 175
Cys Gly Gly Gly Tyr Met Thr Asn Ala Phe Gln Tyr Val Gln Lys Asn
            180                 185                 190
Arg Gly Ile Asp Ser Glu Asp Ala Tyr Pro Tyr Val Gly Gln Glu Glu
        195                 200                 205
Ser Cys Met Tyr Asn Pro Thr Gly Lys Ala Ala Lys Cys Arg Gly Tyr
    210                 215                 220
Arg Glu Ile Pro Glu Gly Asn Glu Lys Ala Leu Lys Arg Ala Val Ala
225                 230                 235                 240
Arg Val Gly Pro Val Ser Val Ala Ile Asp Ala Ser Leu Thr Ser Phe
                245                 250                 255
Gln Phe Tyr Ser Lys Gly Val Tyr Tyr Asp Glu Ser Cys Asn Ser Asp
            260                 265                 270
Asn Leu Asn His Ala Val Leu Ala Val Gly Tyr Gly Ile Gln Lys Gly
        275                 280                 285
Asn Lys His Trp Ile Ile Lys Asn Ser Trp Gly Glu Asn Trp Gly Asn
    290                 295                 300
Lys Gly Tyr Ile Leu Met Ala Arg Asn Lys Asn Asn Ala Cys Gly Ile
305                 310                 315                 320
Ala Asn Leu Ala Ser Phe Pro Lys Met
                325
 
           
           
             
               1001 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               cDNA 
             
             5
CTGCAGGAAT TCGGCACGAG GGGTGCTATT GTGAGGCGGT TGTAGAAGTT AATAAAGGTA     60
TCCATGGAGA ACACTGAAAA CTCAGTGGAT TCAAAATCCA TTAAAAATTT GGAACCAAAG    120
ATCATACATG GAAGCGAATC AATGGACTCT GGAATATCCC TGGACAACAG TTATAAAATG    180
GATTATCCTG AGATGGGTTT ATGTATAATA ATTAATAATA AGAATTTTCA TAAGAGCACT    240
GGAATGACAT CTCGGTCTGG TACAGATGTC GATGCAGCAA ACCTCAGGGA AACATTCAGA    300
AACTTGAAAT ATGAAGTCAG GAATAAAAAT GATCTTACAC GTGAAGAAAT TGTGGAATTG    360
ATGCGTGATG TTTCTAAAGA AGATCACAGC AAAAGGAGCA GTTTTGTTTG TGTGCTTCTG    420
AGCCATGGTG AAGAAGGAAT AATTTTTGGA ACAAATGGAC CTGTTGACCT GAAAAAAATA    480
ACAAACTTTT TCAGAGGGGA TCGTTGTAGA AGTCTAACTG GAAAACCCAA ACTTTTCATT    540
ATTCAGGCCT GCCGTGGTAC AGAACTGGAC TGTGGCATTG AGACAGACAG TGGTGTTGAT    600
GATGACATGG CGTGTCATAA AATACCAGTG GAGGCCGACT TCTTGTATGC ATACTCCACA    660
GCACCTGGTT ATTATTCTTG GCGAAATTCA AAGGATGGCT CCTGGTTCAT CCAGTCGCTT    720
TGTGCCATGC TGAAACAGTA TGCCGACAAG CTTGAATTTA TGCACATTCT TACCCGGGTT    780
AACCGAAAGG TGGCAACAGA ATTTGAGTCC TTTTCCTTTG ACGCTACTTT TCATGCAAAG    840
AAACAGATTC CATGTATTGT TTCCATGCTC ACAAAAGAAC TCTATTTTTA TCACTAAAGA    900
AATGGTTGGT TGGTGGTTTT TTTTAGTTTG TATGCCAAGT GAGAAGATGG TATATTTGGT    960
ACTGTATTTC CCTCTCATTT TGACCTACTC TCATGCTGCA G                       1001
 
           
           
             
               277 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               peptide 
             
             6
Met Glu Asn Thr Glu Asn Ser Val Asp Ser Lys Ser Ile Lys Asn Leu
 1               5                  10                  15
Glu Pro Lys Ile Ile His Gly Ser Glu Ser Met Asp Ser Gly Ile Ser
            20                  25                  30
Leu Asp Asn Ser Tyr Lys Met Asp Tyr Pro Glu Met Gly Leu Cys Ile
        35                  40                  45
Ile Ile Asn Asn Lys Asn Phe His Lys Ser Thr Gly Met Thr Ser Arg
    50                  55                  60
Ser Gly Thr Asp Val Asp Ala Ala Asn Leu Arg Glu Thr Phe Arg Asn
65                  70                  75                  80
Leu Lys Tyr Glu Val Arg Asn Lys Asn Asp Leu Thr Arg Glu Glu Ile
                85                  90                  95
Val Glu Leu Met Arg Asp Val Ser Lys Glu Asp His Ser Lys Arg Ser
            100                 105                 110
Ser Phe Val Cys Val Leu Leu Ser His Gly Glu Glu Gly Ile Ile Phe
        115                 120                 125
Gly Thr Asn Gly Pro Val Asp Leu Lys Lys Ile Thr Asn Phe Phe Arg
    130                 135                 140
Gly Asp Arg Cys Arg Ser Leu Thr Gly Lys Pro Lys Leu Phe Ile Ile
145                 150                 155                 160
Gln Ala Cys Arg Gly Thr Glu Leu Asp Cys Gly Ile Glu Thr Asp Ser
                165                 170                 175
Gly Val Asp Asp Asp Met Ala Cys His Lys Ile Pro Val Glu Ala Asp
            180                 185                 190
Phe Leu Tyr Ala Tyr Ser Thr Ala Pro Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Trp Arg Asn
        195                 200                 205
Ser Lys Asp Gly Ser Trp Phe Ile Gln Ser Leu Cys Ala Met Leu Lys
    210                 215                 220
Gln Tyr Ala Asp Lys Leu Glu Phe Met His Ile Leu Thr Arg Val Asn
225                 230                 235                 240
Arg Lys Val Ala Thr Glu Phe Glu Ser Phe Ser Phe Asp Ala Thr Phe
                245                 250                 255
His Ala Lys Lys Gln Ile Pro Cys Ile Val Ser Met Leu Thr Lys Glu
            260                 265                 270
Leu Tyr Phe Tyr His
        275
 
           
           
             
               963 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               cDNA 
             
             7
ATGGAGATGG AAAAGGAGTT CGAGCAGATC GACAAGTCCG GGAGCTGGGC GGCCATTTAC     60
CAGGATATCC GACATGAAGC CAGTGACTTC CCATGTAGAG TGGCCAAGCT TCCTAAGAAC    120
AAAAACCGAA ATAGGTACAG AGACGTCAGT CCCTTTGACC ATAGTCGGAT TAAACTACAT    180
CAAGAAGATA ATGACTATAT CAACGCTAGT TTGATAAAAA TGGAAGAAGC CCAAAGGAGT    240
TACATTCTTA CCCAGGGCCC TTTGCCTAAC ACATGCGGTC ACTTTTGGGA GATGGTGTGG    300
GAGCAGAAAA GCAGGGGTGT CGTCATGCTC AACAGAGTGA TGGAGAAAGG TTCGTTAAAA    360
TGCGCACAAT ACTGGCCACA AAAAGAAGAA AAAGAGATGA TCTTTGAAGA CACAAATTTG    420
AAATTAACAT TGATCTCTGA AGATATCAAG TCATATTATA CAGTGCGACA GCTAGAATTG    480
GAAAACCTTA CAACCCAAGA AACTCGAGAG ATCTTACATT TCCACTATAC CACATGGCCT    540
GACTTTGGAG TCCCTGAATC ACCAGCCTCA TTCTTGAACT TTCTTTTCAA AGTCCGAGAG    600
TCAGGGTCAC TCAGCCCGGA GCACGGGCCC GTTGTGGTGC ACAGCAGTGC AGGCATCGGC    660
AGGTCTGGAA CCTTCTGTCT GGCTGATACC TGCCTCCTGC TGATGGACAA GAGGAAAGAC    720
CCTTCTTCCG TTGATATCAA GAAAGTGCTG TTAGAAATGA GGAAGTTTCG GATGGGGTTG    780
ATCCAGACAG CCGACCAGCT GCGCTTCTCC TACCTGGCTG TGATCGAAGG TGCCAAATTC    840
ATCATGGGGG ACTCTTCCGT GCAGGATCAG TGGAAGGAGC TTTCCCACGA GGACCTGGAG    900
CCCCCACCCG AGCATATCCC CCCACCTCCC CGGCCACCCA AACGAATCCT GGAGCCACAC    960
TGA                                                                  963
 
           
           
             
               322 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               peptide 
             
             8
Met Glu Met Glu Lys Glu Phe Glu Gln Ile Asp Lys Ser Gly Ser Trp
 1               5                  10                  15
Ala Ala Ile Tyr Gln Asp Ile Arg His Glu Ala Ser Asp Phe Pro Cys
            20                  25                  30
Arg Val Ala Lys Leu Pro Lys Asn Lys Asn Arg Asn Arg Tyr Arg Asp
        35                  40                  45
Val Ser Pro Phe Asp His Ser Arg Ile Lys Leu His Gln Glu Asp Asn
    50                  55                  60
Asp Tyr Ile Asn Ala Ser Leu Ile Lys Met Glu Glu Ala Gln Arg Ser
65                  70                  75                  80
Tyr Ile Leu Thr Gln Gly Pro Leu Pro Asn Thr Cys Gly His Phe Trp
                85                  90                  95
Glu Met Val Trp Glu Gln Lys Ser Arg Gly Val Val Met Leu Asn Arg
            100                 105                 110
Val Met Glu Lys Gly Ser Leu Lys Cys Ala Gln Tyr Trp Pro Gln Lys
        115                 120                 125
Glu Glu Lys Glu Met Ile Phe Glu Asp Thr Asn Leu Lys Leu Thr Leu
    130                 135                 140
Ile Ser Glu Asp Ile Lys Ser Tyr Tyr Thr Val Arg Gln Leu Glu Leu
145                 150                 155                 160
Glu Asn Leu Thr Thr Gln Glu Thr Arg Glu Ile Leu His Phe His Tyr
                165                 170                 175
Thr Thr Trp Pro Asp Phe Gly Val Pro Glu Ser Pro Ala Ser Phe Leu
            180                 185                 190
Asn Phe Leu Phe Lys Val Arg Glu Ser Gly Ser Leu Ser Pro Glu His
        195                 200                 205
Gly Pro Val Val Val His Ser Ser Ala Gly Ile Gly Thr Cys Gly Arg
    210                 215                 220
Ser Gly Thr Phe Cys Leu Ala Asp Thr Cys Leu Leu Leu Met Asp Lys
225                 230                 235                 240
Arg Lys Asp Pro Ser Ser Val Asp Ile Lys Lys Val Leu Leu Glu Met
                245                 250                 255
Arg Lys Phe Arg Met Gly Leu Ile Gln Thr Ala Asp Gln Leu Arg Phe
            260                 265                 270
Ser Tyr Leu Ala Val Ile Glu Gly Ala Lys Phe Ile Met Gly Asp Ser
        275                 280                 285
Ser Val Gln Asp Gln Trp Lys Glu Leu Ser His Glu Asp Leu Glu Pro
    290                 295                 300
Pro Pro Glu His Ile Pro Pro Pro Pro Arg Pro Pro Lys Arg Ile Leu
305                 310                 315                 320
Glu Pro
 
           
           
             
               1001 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               cDNA 
             
             9
CTGCAGGAAT TCGGCACGAG GGGTGCTATT GTGAGGCGGT TGTAGAAGTT AATAAAGGTA     60
TCCATGGAGA ACACTGAAAA CTCAGTGGAT TCAAAATCCA TTAAAAATTT GGAACCAAAG    120
ATCATACATG GAAGCGAATC AATGGACTCT GGAATATCCC TGGACAACAG TTATAAAATG    180
GATTATCCTG AGATGGGTTT ATGTATAATA ATTAATAATA AGAATTTTCA TAAGAGCACT    240
GGAATGACAT CTCGGTCTGG TACAGATGTC GATGCAGCAA ACCTCAGGGA AACATTCAGA    300
AACTTGAAAT ATGAAGTCAG GAATAAAAAT GATCTTACAC GTGAAGAAAT TGTGGAATTG    360
ATGCGTGATG TTTCTAAAGA AGATCACAGC AAAAGGAGCA GTTTTGTTTG TGTGCTTCTG    420
AGCCATGGTG AAGAAGGAAT AATTTTTGGA ACAAATGGAC CTGTTGACCT GAAAAAAATA    480
ACAAACTTTT TCAGAGGGGA TCGTTGTAGA AGTCTAACTG GAAAACCCAA ACTTTTCATT    540
ATTCAGGCCT CCCGTGGTAC AGAACTGGAC TGTGGCATTG AGACAGACAG TGGTGTTGAT    600
GATGACATGG CGTGTCATAA AATACCAGTG GAGGCCGACT TCTTGTATGC ATACTCCACA    660
GCACCTGGTT ATTATTCTTG GCGAAATTCA AAGGATGGCT CCTGGTTCAT CCAGTCGCTT    720
TGTGCCATGC TGAAACAGTA TGCCGACAAG CTTGAATTTA TGCACATTCT TACCCGGGTT    780
AACCGAAAGG TGGCAACAGA ATTTGAGTCC TTTTCCTTTG ACGCTACTTT TCATGCAAAG    840
AAACAGATTC CATGTATTGT TTCCATGCTC ACAAAAGAAC TCTATTTTTA TCACTAAAGA    900
AATGGTTGGT TGGTGGTTTT TTTTAGTTTG TATGCCAAGT GAGAAGATGG TATATTTGGT    960
ACTGTATTTC CCTCTCATTT TGACCTACTC TCATGCTGCA G                       1001
 
           
           
             
               277 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               peptide 
             
             10
Met Glu Asn Thr Glu Asn Ser Val Asp Ser Lys Ser Ile Lys Asn Leu
 1               5                  10                  15
Glu Pro Lys Ile Ile His Gly Ser Glu Ser Met Asp Ser Gly Ile Ser
            20                  25                  30
Leu Asp Asn Ser Tyr Lys Met Asp Tyr Pro Glu Met Gly Leu Cys Ile
        35                  40                  45
Ile Ile Asn Asn Lys Asn Phe His Lys Ser Thr Gly Met Thr Ser Arg
    50                  55                  60
Ser Gly Thr Asp Val Asp Ala Ala Asn Leu Arg Glu Thr Phe Arg Asn
65                  70                  75                  80
Leu Lys Tyr Glu Val Arg Asn Lys Asn Asp Leu Thr Arg Glu Glu Ile
                85                  90                  95
Val Glu Leu Met Arg Asp Val Ser Lys Glu Asp His Ser Lys Arg Ser
            100                 105                 110
Ser Phe Val Cys Val Leu Leu Ser His Gly Glu Glu Gly Ile Ile Phe
        115                 120                 125
Gly Thr Asn Gly Pro Val Asp Leu Lys Lys Ile Thr Asn Phe Phe Arg
    130                 135                 140
Gly Asp Arg Cys Arg Ser Leu Thr Gly Lys Pro Lys Leu Phe Ile Ile
145                 150                 155                 160
Gln Ala Ser Arg Gly Thr Glu Leu Asp Cys Gly Ile Glu Thr Asp Ser
                165                 170                 175
Gly Val Asp Asp Asp Met Ala Cys His Lys Ile Pro Val Glu Ala Asp
            180                 185                 190
Phe Leu Tyr Ala Tyr Ser Thr Ala Pro Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Trp Arg Asn
        195                 200                 205
Ser Lys Asp Gly Ser Trp Phe Ile Gln Ser Leu Cys Ala Met Leu Lys
    210                 215                 220
Gln Tyr Ala Asp Lys Leu Glu Phe Met His Ile Leu Thr Arg Val Asn
225                 230                 235                 240
Arg Lys Val Ala Thr Glu Phe Glu Ser Phe Ser Phe Asp Ala Thr Phe
                245                 250                 255
His Ala Lys Lys Gln Ile Pro Cys Ile Val Ser Met Leu Thr Lys Glu
            260                 265                 270
Leu Tyr Phe Tyr His
        275
 
           
           
             
               148 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               peptide 
             
             11
Met Ser Gly Ile Ser Leu Asp Asn Ser Tyr Lys Met Asp Tyr Pro Glu
 1               5                  10                  15
Met Gly Leu Cys Ile Ile Ile Asn Asn Lys Asn Phe His Lys Ser Thr
            20                  25                  30
Gly Met Thr Ser Arg Ser Gly Thr Asp Val Asp Ala Ala Asn Leu Arg
        35                  40                  45
Glu Thr Phe Arg Asn Leu Lys Tyr Glu Val Arg Asn Lys Asn Asp Leu
    50                  55                  60
Thr Arg Glu Glu Ile Val Glu Leu Met Arg Asp Val Ser Lys Glu Asp
65                  70                  75                  80
His Ser Lys Arg Ser Ser Phe Val Cys Val Leu Leu Ser His Gly Glu
                85                  90                  95
Glu Gly Ile Ile Phe Gly Thr Asn Gly Pro Val Asp Leu Lys Lys Ile
            100                 105                 110
Thr Asn Phe Phe Arg Gly Asp Arg Cys Arg Ser Leu Thr Gly Lys Pro
        115                 120                 125
Lys Leu Phe Ile Ile Gln Ala Ser Arg Gly Thr Glu Leu Asp Cys Gly
    130                 135                 140
Ile Glu Thr Asp
145
 
           
           
             
               990 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               cDNA 
             
             12
ATGTGGGGGC TCAAGGTTCT GCTGCTACCT GTGGTGAGCT TTGCTCTGTA CCCTGAGGAG     60
ATACTGGACA CCCACTGGGA GCTATGGAAG AAGACCCACA GGAAGCAATA TAACAACAAG    120
GTGGATGAAA TCTCTCGGCG TTTAATTTGG GAAAAAAACC TGAAGTATAT TTCCATCCAT    180
AACCTTGAGG CTTCTCTTGG TGTCCATACA TATGAACTGG CTATGAACCA CCTGGGGGAC    240
ATGACCAGTG AAGAGGTGGT TCAGAAGATG ACTGGACTCA AAGTACCCCT GTCTCATTCC    300
CGCAGTAATG ACACCCTTTA TATCCCAGAA TGGGAAGGTA GAGCCCCAGA CTCTGTCGAC    360
TATCGAAAGA AAGGATATGT TACTCCTGTC AAAAATCAGG GTCAGTGTGG TTCCTCTTGG    420
GCTTTTAGCT CTGTGGGTGC CCTGGAGGGC CAACTCAAGA AGAAAACTGG CAAACTCTTA    480
AATCTGAGTC CCCAGAACCT AGTGGATTGT GTGTCTGAGA ATGATGGCTG TGGAGGGGGC    540
TACATGACCA ATGCCTTCCA ATATGTGCAG AAGAACCGGG GTATTGACTC TGAAGATGCC    600
TACCCATATG TGGGACAGGA AGAGAGTTGT ATGTACAACC CAACAGGCAA GGCAGCTAAA    660
TGCAGAGGGT ACAGAGAGAT CCCCGAGGGG AATGAGAAAG CCCTGAAGAG GGCAGTGGCC    720
CGAGTGGGAC CTGTCTCTGT GGCCATTGAT GCAAGCCTGA CCTCCTTCCA GTTTTACAGC    780
AAAGGTGTGT ATTATGATGA AAGCTGCAAT AGCGATAATC TGAACCATGC GGTTTTGGCA    840
GTGGGATATG GAATCCAGAA GGGAAACAAG CACTGGATAA TTAAAAACAG CTGGGGAGAA    900
AACTGGGGAA ACAAAGGATA TATCCTCATG GCTCGAAATA AGAACAACGC CTGTGGCATT    960
GCCAACCTGG CCAGCTTCCC CAAGATGTGA                                     990
 
           
           
             
               990 base pairs 
               nucleic acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               cDNA 
             
             13
ATGTGGGGGC TCAAGGTTCT GCTGCTACCT GTGGTGAGCT TTGCTCTGTA CCCTGAGGAG     60
ATACTGGACA CCCACTGGGA GCTATGGAAG AAGACCCACA GGAAGCAATA TAACAACAAG    120
GTGGATGAAA TCTCTCGGCG TTTAATTTGG GAAAAAAACC TGAAGTATAT TTCCATCCAT    180
AACCTTGAGG CTTCTCTTGG TGTCCATACA TATGAACTGG CTATGAACCA CCTGGGGGAC    240
ATGACCAGTG AAGAGGTGGT TCAGAAGATG ACTGGACTCA AAGTACCCCT GTCTCATTCC    300
CGCAGTAATG ACACCCTTTA TATCCCAGAA TGGGAAGGTA GAGCCCCAGA CTCTGTCGAC    360
TATCGAAAGA AAGGATATGT TACTCCTGTC AAAAATCAGG GTCAGTGTGG TTCCGCTTGG    420
GCTTTTAGCT CTGTGGGTGC CCTGGAGGGC CAACTCAAGA AGAAAACTGG CAAACTCTTA    480
AATCTGAGTC CCCAGAACCT AGTGGATTGT GTGTCTGAGA ATGATGGCTG TGGAGGGGGC    540
TACATGACCA ATGCCTTCCA ATATGTGCAG AAGAACCGGG GTATTGACTC TGAAGATGCC    600
TACCCATATG TGGGACAGGA AGAGAGTTGT ATGTACAACC CAACAGGCAA GGCAGCTAAA    660
TGCAGAGGGT ACAGAGAGAT CCCCGAGGGG AATGAGAAAG CCCTGAAGAG GGCAGTGGCC    720
CGAGTGGGAC CTGTCTCTGT GGCCATTGAT GCAAGCCTGA CCTCCTTCCA GTTTTACAGC    780
AAAGGTGTGT ATTATGATGA AAGCTGCAAT AGCGATAATC TGAACCATGC GGTTTTGGCA    840
GTGGGATATG GAATCCAGAA GGGAAACAAG CACTGGATAA TTAAAAACAG CTGGGGAGAA    900
AACTGGGGAA ACAAAGGATA TATCCTCATG GCTCGAAATA AGAACAACGC CTGTGGCATT    960
GCCAACCTGG CCAGCTTCCC CAAGATGTGA                                     990
 
           
           
             
               329 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               peptide 
             
             14
Met Trp Gly Leu Lys Val Leu Leu Leu Pro Val Val Ser Phe Ala Leu
 1               5                  10                  15
Tyr Pro Glu Glu Ile Leu Asp Thr His Trp Glu Leu Trp Lys Lys Thr
            20                  25                  30
His Arg Lys Gln Tyr Asn Asn Lys Val Asp Glu Ile Ser Arg Arg Leu
        35                  40                  45
Ile Trp Glu Lys Asn Leu Lys Tyr Ile Ser Ile His Asn Leu Glu Ala
    50                  55                  60
Ser Leu Gly Val His Thr Tyr Glu Leu Ala Met Asn His Leu Gly Asp
65                  70                  75                  80
Met Thr Ser Glu Glu Val Val Gln Lys Met Thr Gly Leu Lys Val Pro
                85                  90                  95
Leu Ser His Ser Arg Ser Asn Asp Thr Leu Tyr Ile Pro Glu Trp Glu
            100                 105                 110
Gly Arg Ala Pro Asp Ser Val Asp Tyr Arg Lys Lys Gly Tyr Val Thr
        115                 120                 125
Pro Val Lys Asn Gln Gly Gln Cys Gly Ser Ser Trp Ala Phe Ser Ser
    130                 135                 140
Val Gly Ala Leu Glu Gly Gln Leu Lys Lys Lys Thr Gly Lys Leu Leu
145                 150                 155                 160
Asn Leu Ser Pro Gln Asn Leu Val Asp Cys Val Ser Glu Asn Asp Gly
                165                 170                 175
Cys Gly Gly Gly Tyr Met Thr Asn Ala Phe Gln Tyr Val Gln Lys Asn
            180                 185                 190
Arg Gly Ile Asp Ser Glu Asp Ala Tyr Pro Tyr Val Gly Gln Glu Glu
        195                 200                 205
Ser Cys Met Tyr Asn Pro Thr Gly Lys Ala Ala Lys Cys Arg Gly Tyr
    210                 215                 220
Arg Glu Ile Pro Glu Gly Asn Glu Lys Ala Leu Lys Arg Ala Val Ala
225                 230                 235                 240
Arg Val Gly Pro Val Ser Val Ala Ile Asp Ala Ser Leu Thr Ser Phe
                245                 250                 255
Gln Phe Tyr Ser Lys Gly Val Tyr Tyr Asp Glu Ser Cys Asn Ser Asp
            260                 265                 270
Asn Leu Asn His Ala Val Leu Ala Val Gly Tyr Gly Ile Gln Lys Gly
        275                 280                 285
Asn Lys His Trp Ile Ile Lys Asn Ser Trp Gly Glu Asn Trp Gly Asn
    290                 295                 300
Lys Gly Tyr Ile Leu Met Ala Arg Asn Lys Asn Asn Ala Cys Gly Ile
305                 310                 315                 320
Ala Asn Leu Ala Ser Phe Pro Lys Met
                325
 
           
           
             
               329 amino acids 
               amino acid 
               single 
               linear 
             
             
               peptide 
             
             15
Met Trp Gly Leu Lys Val Leu Leu Leu Pro Val Val Ser Phe Ala Leu
 1               5                  10                  15
Tyr Pro Glu Glu Ile Leu Asp Thr His Trp Glu Leu Trp Lys Lys Thr
            20                  25                  30
His Arg Lys Gln Tyr Asn Asn Lys Val Asp Glu Ile Ser Arg Arg Leu
        35                  40                  45
Ile Trp Glu Lys Asn Leu Lys Tyr Ile Ser Ile His Asn Leu Glu Ala
    50                  55                  60
Ser Leu Gly Val His Thr Tyr Glu Leu Ala Met Asn His Leu Gly Asp
65                  70                  75                  80
Met Thr Ser Glu Glu Val Val Gln Lys Met Thr Gly Leu Lys Val Pro
                85                  90                  95
Leu Ser His Ser Arg Ser Asn Asp Thr Leu Tyr Ile Pro Glu Trp Glu
            100                 105                 110
Gly Arg Ala Pro Asp Ser Val Asp Tyr Arg Lys Lys Gly Tyr Val Thr
        115                 120                 125
Pro Val Lys Asn Gln Gly Gln Cys Gly Ser Ala Trp Ala Phe Ser Ser
    130                 135                 140
Val Gly Ala Leu Glu Gly Gln Leu Lys Lys Lys Thr Gly Lys Leu Leu
145                 150                 155                 160
Asn Leu Ser Pro Gln Asn Leu Val Asp Cys Val Ser Glu Asn Asp Gly
                165                 170                 175
Cys Gly Gly Gly Tyr Met Thr Asn Ala Phe Gln Tyr Val Gln Lys Asn
            180                 185                 190
Arg Gly Ile Asp Ser Glu Asp Ala Tyr Pro Tyr Val Gly Gln Glu Glu
        195                 200                 205
Ser Cys Met Tyr Asn Pro Thr Gly Lys Ala Ala Lys Cys Arg Gly Tyr
    210                 215                 220
Arg Glu Ile Pro Glu Gly Asn Glu Lys Ala Leu Lys Arg Ala Val Ala
225                 230                 235                 240
Arg Val Gly Pro Val Ser Val Ala Ile Asp Ala Ser Leu Thr Ser Phe
                245                 250                 255
Gln Phe Tyr Ser Lys Gly Val Tyr Tyr Asp Glu Ser Cys Asn Ser Asp
            260                 265                 270
Asn Leu Asn His Ala Val Leu Ala Val Gly Tyr Gly Ile Gln Lys Gly
        275                 280                 285
Asn Lys His Trp Ile Ile Lys Asn Ser Trp Gly Glu Asn Trp Gly Asn
    290                 295                 300
Lys Gly Tyr Ile Leu Met Ala Arg Asn Lys Asn Asn Ala Cys Gly Ile
305                 310                 315                 320
Ala Asn Leu Ala Ser Phe Pro Lys Met
                325