Abstract:
An apparatus and method for preparing and cooking pizza using fresh ingredients, the apparatus being in the form of a vending type of machine. By way of a keypad, touchpad, display or other user interface provided on the machine, a user specifies the type of pizza that they want. The machine then proceeds to combine the ingredients needed to create the requested pizza, cooks the pizza, as appropriate, places it in a box, and dispenses the boxed pizza to the user or customer. The dough may be provided in the form of sealed canisters or tubes, which are opened in an automated fashion. Slices of dough may be cut from the dough canisters for each pizza which is to be made. Sauce may be provided in the form of sealed tubes, bags, or containers, whereby a controlled amount of the sauce may be dispensed by way of a controlled dispensing system, such as a pump or similar mechanism. Finally, the cheese may be provided in a bag or other container, whereby a measured amount of cheese may be dispensed and provided on each pizza as it is prepared. The pizza preparation machine may also include a refrigerated section for maintaining ingredients which need to be refrigerated at an appropriate temperature in order to maintain the freshness of such ingredients, as well as to maintain a proper sanitary and food handling environment. The pizza preparation machine may also include an oven section where the pizza is cooked. Additionally, the pizza preparation machine may also include a box formation section where a box may be formed for the pizza to be placed inside the box.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/472,844, filed May 27, 2009, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/246,006, filed Oct. 6, 2008, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/035,827, filed Feb. 22, 2008, which claims priority to provisional application No. 60/891,218, filed Feb. 22, 2007. The contents of each of these applications is incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention generally relates to the field of food preparation and vending systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to an automated system for preparing and vending individual pizzas for consumption. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Pizza is a very popular food in many countries throughout the world. Although pizza is a relatively simple food, having generally just three ingredients in its most basic form—dough, tomato sauce and cheese, there are many variations in the taste and quality of the finished, cooked pizza. There are also a number of ways of preparing and cooking pizza. The most common and typical method of preparation and cooking is what is referred to as “fresh” pizza. This method generally involves the flattening of the dough, placement of the sauce and cheese on the dough, and subsequent cooking in an oven. Once removed from the oven, the “fresh” pizza is consumed while it is still hot or warm. 
         [0004]    The popularity of pizza has led to many different methods of preparation and cooking in order to provide pizza to consumers in many different forms, such that it is available to be consumed in virtually any place. The typical method of preparation and cooking, as outlined above, is generally performed in a pizza parlor, or in an individual&#39;s home, where the ingredients, as well as an oven are available. The pizza is then consumed at the pizza parlor, or at the home, whichever is more convenient. However, this typical method of preparation and cooking requires one to have the necessary ingredients available, and to also have an oven available for use. These requirements restrict the availability of “fresh” pizza. 
         [0005]    Several approaches have been developed to address these requirements of pizza preparation, i.e., the requirement for the necessary ingredients, and the requirement for the oven. One such approach involves the use of frozen pizzas. This approach eliminates the requirement for having the necessary ingredients on hand. Instead, the prepared, frozen pizza, which can be purchased at a store ahead of time and stored in one&#39;s freezer, can then be cooked in one&#39;s oven at any convenient and desirable time. However, the use of frozen pizzas still requires one to have access to an oven. Also, the resulting pizza is sometimes not of the same taste quality as “fresh” pizza, i.e., where the ingredients are assembled together and then cooked right away. 
         [0006]    Another approach which has been developed in order to make pizza more readily available in more places, is the use of vending systems or vending machines. These machines typically use prestored, frozen pizza which are then cooked in an oven within the vending machine and then dispensed to a customer. This approach eliminates the need for having the necessary ingredients and for having an oven available. However, such vending machines typically use frozen pizza as the starting point. As a consequence, the resulting pizza produced by such a machine is not really considered “fresh” pizza, nor does its resemble that of “fresh” pizza. 
         [0007]    Yet another approach to preparing pizza by way of vending machines is the use of fresh ingredients in order to better provide what is considered a “fresh” pizza. Such machines are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,921,170 and 6,086,934 both to Khatchadourian et al., the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    The present invention is directed to an apparatus for preparing and cooking pizza using fresh ingredients, the apparatus being in the form of a vending type of machine. By way of a keypad, touchpad, display or other user interface provided on the machine, a user specifies the type of pizza that they want. The machine then proceeds to combine the ingredients needed to create the requested pizza, cooks the pizza, as appropriate, places it in a box, and dispenses the boxed pizza to the user or customer. 
         [0009]    Generally, the pizza preparation machine (also referred to as the pizza making apparatus or machine) is provided with fresh ingredients in various types of appropriate containers. For example, the dough may be provided in the form of sealed canisters or tubes, which are opened in an automated fashion. Slices of dough may be cut from the dough canisters for each pizza which is to be made. Sauce may be provided in the form of sealed tubes, bags, or containers, whereby a controlled amount of the sauce may be dispensed by way of a controlled dispensing system, such as a pump or similar mechanism. Finally, the cheese may be provided in a bag or other container, whereby a measured amount of cheese may be dispensed and provided on each pizza as it is prepared. 
         [0010]    The pizza preparation machine may also include a refrigerated section for maintaining ingredients which need to be refrigerated at an appropriate temperature in order to maintain the freshness of such ingredients, as well as to maintain a proper sanitary and food handling environment. 
         [0011]    The pizza preparation machine may also include an oven section where the pizza is cooked. Additionally, the pizza preparation machine may also include a box formation section where a box may be formed for the pizza to be placed inside the box. For example, the pizza preparation machine may be provided with a stack of box blanks, i.e., folded boxes, such that the box formation section retrieves an individual box blank and folds it as appropriate in order to create a three-dimensional box. The pizza which has been cooked by the oven can then be inserted inside the formed box. The formed box may then be closed, and then dispenses to the user or customer by way of an opening in the pizza preparation machine. 
         [0012]    The pizza making apparatus may also include appropriate controlled movement mechanisms employing controlled motors or other drivers for moving various elements within the machine in order to create the pizza and then transfer the pizza through the various sections within the machine. For example, such mechanisms may include a controlled knife for cutting a specific piece of dough, horizontal and vertical transfer mechanisms for moving the cut dough to the various sections of the machine, as well as controlled movement mechanisms for dispensing the ingredients or toppings in a specified amount and in a specified location. Additionally, sensors may be positioned in specified locations within the machine to indicate the presence or absence of particular events in order to facilitate the pizza making process. For example, sensors may be used to indicate the movement of the dough to a sufficient position to thereby indicate a predetermined thickness of dough which is to be cut by the knife Such sensors and controlled movement mechanisms may be operated in conjunction with a programmed processor or other electronic controller device. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0013]    The above and still further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of a specific embodiment thereof, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals in the various figures are utilized to designate like components, and wherein: 
           [0014]      FIG. 1  is a front perspective view of the pizza making apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a front view of the pizza making apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the canister handling and dough portioning system of the pizza making apparatus; 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  is a left perspective view of the canister handling and dough portioning system of the pizza making apparatus; 
           [0018]      FIG. 5A  is a front cross sectional view of the canister lid removal system, with the canister about to enter the lid removal clamp; 
           [0019]      FIG. 5B  is a front cross sectional view of the canister lid removal system, with the canister pushed through lid removal clamp; 
           [0020]      FIG. 5C  is a front cross sectional view of the canister lid removal system canister retracted back out of the clamp, with the lid removed; 
           [0021]      FIG. 6A  is a right perspective view of the canister lid removal system with the lid about to be removed; 
           [0022]      FIG. 6B  is a right perspective view of the canister lid removal system with the removed lid being kicked into the lid container; 
           [0023]      FIG. 7  is a cross sectional view of the lid removal and dough portioning system, with the canister into the dough knife hub and a portion of dough being cut; 
           [0024]      FIG. 8A  is a front right perspective view of the canister handling and dough portioning system, as well as the dough pressing and par-baking system, with a newly cut piece of dough; 
           [0025]      FIG. 8B  is a front right perspective view of the canister handling and dough portioning system with the newly cut piece of dough being lowered out of the refrigerated area; 
           [0026]      FIG. 8C  is a perspective view of the dough pressing system with the newly cut piece of dough about to be transferred to the hot press platform; 
           [0027]      FIG. 8D  is a perspective view of the dough pressing system with the dough portion just having been transferred to the hot press platform; 
           [0028]      FIG. 8E  is a perspective view of the dough pressing system with the press platform under the top press plate; 
           [0029]      FIG. 8F  is a perspective view of the dough pressing system with the pushing arm in the refracted position; 
           [0030]      FIGS. 9A to 9I  are front cross sectional views of the hot press and par-baking system depicting various stages of the pressing process; 
           [0031]      FIG. 10A  is a front right perspective view of the dough pressing system and the pie topping area, showing the newly made pie crust being transferred to the topping area; 
           [0032]      FIG. 10B  is a front right perspective view of the pie topping area, showing the sauce spreading process; 
           [0033]      FIG. 11A  is a front left perspective view of the pie topping area showing the cheese dispensing mechanism; 
           [0034]      FIG. 11B  is a front right perspective view of the cheese dispensing mechanism with the cheese canister and the canister base removed to depict the bag insertion process; 
           [0035]      FIG. 11C  is a front exploded view of the cheese dispensing mechanism; 
           [0036]      FIGS. 11D  and E are front left perspective views of the pie topping area showing the cheese dispensing and spreading process; 
           [0037]      FIGS. 12A to 12C  are front right perspective views of the pie oven transfer system; 
           [0038]      FIG. 13A  is a rear sectional view of the conveyor oven; 
           [0039]      FIG. 13B  is a rear perspective view of the oven and the packaging system showing the pizza about to be transferred to a box; 
           [0040]      FIG. 14A  is a front view of the box forming system; 
           [0041]      FIGS. 14B to 14D  are front right perspective views of the box forming system, depicting the box separation and opening sequence; 
           [0042]      FIGS. 15A  to G are left side views of the rear flap folding mechanism, depicting various stages of the box flap closing process; 
           [0043]      FIG. 16  is a block diagram of a first embodiment of an electronic control system for the present invention; 
           [0044]      FIG. 17  is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment of an electronic control system for the present invention; and 
           [0045]      FIG. 18  is a flowchart of the process performed by the present invention to prepare a pizza. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0046]    Referring now to  FIG. 1 , an apparatus  10  for making pizza is illustrated. The apparatus includes a dough-storage and handling area  100 , a dough pressing and par-baking area  200 , a topping storage and dispensing area  300 , an oven  450 , and a packaging area  500 . The apparatus also includes mechanisms that serve to transfer the pizza between these areas. These transfer mechanisms include the dough slice elevator  600 , the plate transfer arm  610 , the elevator transfer arm  620 , the pizza elevator  630 , the oven transfer arm  640 , and the box transfer arm  650  (not visible in  FIG. 1 ). 
         [0047]    Referring now to  FIG. 2 , the dough storage and handling system  101  is enclosed in a refrigerated compartment  102 , which is kept at a temperature which is preferably between 18° and 24° F., and the topping storage and dispensing area  300  is enclosed in a refrigerated compartment  301 , which is kept at a temperature which is preferably between 34° and 40° F. 
         [0048]    Referring now to  FIGS. 3-4 , the dough storage area includes a canister Ferris wheel  104  that houses a plurality of canisters  106 . Each canister  106  is filled with dough and is sealed at its rear with a moving piston  108  and at its front with a lid  109 . Each canister preferably has an internal diameter of four inches and is approximately ten inches in axial length. Alternatively, the internal diameter may be as much as five inches or more and the axial length may vary from eight to twelve inches. Of course, other configurations may be used depending on the particular application. 
         [0049]    The canisters  106  are stored within Ferris wheel-like mechanism  104 , which rotates to present each canister to the dough cutting station  110 . The canister received in the dough cutting station will be referred to as canister  107 . The dough cutting station assembly  110  includes an extruder mechanism  120 , a lid removal clamp  130 , a lid kicker mechanism  140  and a dough-cutting mechanism  150 . When the canister Ferris wheel mechanism  104  introduces the canister  107  to the cutting station, the canister is centered axially with extruder  120 , lid remover  130  and dough cutter  150  mechanisms. 
         [0050]    Referring now to  FIGS. 5A-5C , the canister lid removal process will now be described. First, the extruder mechanism pushing shaft  121  advances, bringing the extruder pusher plate  124  into contact with the internal piston  108  of the canister  107  to eventually push the front face of the latter beyond the lid removal clamp  130 . The canister lid removal clamp includes two spring loaded semicircular blocks,  131  and  132 , arranged vertically one on top of the other, such that when the canister is pushed against them from the left, they are deflected up and down, respectively, to allow the canister to pass through. In an alternative embodiment, one of the blocks may be fixed, with the other block being spring loaded so that it can deflect up and down with respect to the fixed block. Referring to  FIG. 5B , when the lid  109  clears these blocks, they retract back onto the canister body. Upon the initial contact of the extruder pusher plate  124  with the internal piston  108  of the canister, a set of three spring loaded hooks  122  arranged along the perimeter of the extruder pusher plate  124  are deployed and act to engage the back end of the canister to permit the extruder to pull the canister back out of the lid removal clamp. 
         [0051]    As the canister retracts back out of the lid removal clamp  130 , the lid  109  is pushed off the canister as it is prevented from retracting by the lid removal clamp. Referring now to  FIG. 6A , the lid  109  is moved out from in front of the canister by a kicker mechanism  140  that knocks the lid into a receptacle  144  in the rear of the canister area. In an alternative embodiment, the lid receptacle may have an upward slope at its entrance, such that once the lids are pushed in they can no longer come back out. Optionally, a photosensor may be used to detect whether or not the lid has properly been moved out. 
         [0052]    Referring now to  FIG. 7 , after the canister is opened, the extruder now pushes the canister into the dough cutting hub  154  and against a lip  156  at the edge of the dough cutting hub. The canister is now ready to extrude dough slices when an order is placed. Upon the reception of an order for a pizza, the dough cutting blade  152  is raised. This opens the way for the extruder to push dough out of the canister and through the cutting hub  154 . In this case, the canister itself is prevented from advancing by the lip  156 , such that the pressure generated on the piston  108  eventually disconnects the dough from the canister wall and pushes it through the dough cutting hub  154 . As the dough advances, it is eventually detected by an electronic photosensor  158 , which stops the extruder from pushing once the dough has been pushed a predetermined amount, i.e., when a predetermined thickness of dough has been pushed out of the dough canister. The position of the photosensor essentially determines the thickness of the dough slice. The dough cutting blade  152  now descends and cuts the dough to thereby create a dough slice. The newly cut slice falls onto an elevator surface  602 , which lowers the slice out through the refrigerated area down to the level of the press mechanism. 
         [0053]    Referring now to  FIGS. 8A-F , the dough puck or dough slice transfer to the press mechanism will be discussed. The press area includes a circular heated press top plate  202  that moves vertically from an uppermost position to a lowermost position, a circular heated lower press plate  204  that moves along the horizontal axis from a leftmost position to a rightmost position, and a pushing arm  610  that moves along the horizontal axis. The newly cut slice or piece of dough will be referred to as the dough puck  160 . Upon reception of an order for a pizza, the press top plate  202  will move to its uppermost position, the press lower plate  204  will move to its rightmost position, where it will be adjacent to the dough slice elevator surface  602  when the latter is lowered with the freshly cut piece of dough. In an alternative embodiment, the lower press plate  204  may be fixed, and the top press  202  plate may then move with respect to the lower press plate  204 . The plate transfer arm  610  now moves the slice of dough onto the lower press plate  204 . Referring now to  FIG. 8D , as the slice approaches the center of the bottom press plate, the arm  610  is deflected up when it contacts the plate transfer arm deflector  612 . The sudden upward movement caused by this deflection severs the contact between the pusher arm  610  and the slice of dough. This insures that the dough slice remains centered as the lower press plate moves back to position itself under the top press plate  202 . The dough puck  160  is now in position to be pressed. 
         [0054]    In order to achieve fast and consistent results in producing pie crusts that are rigid enough to be pushed around to the various stations in the machine while maintaining a certain amount of lightness and airiness expected of pie crusts, the pressure buildup between the two plates must be controlled in order to prevent blowouts, deformities of the pie crusts, or crusts with bad texture. Excessive pressure can be caused by many factors such as variances of dough portion sizes, dough temperature, press temperature, differences of temperature between top and bottom plates, and even variances in the positioning of the dough. There must however be a certain amount of tolerance to allow for normal fluctuations for each of these factors. The goal is to press out the dough into pie crusts of consistent thickness. This is achieved through the press design and a particular pressing sequence, as described herein. 
         [0055]    Referring now to  FIG. 9A , the press mechanism includes heated top and bottom plates,  202  and  204 , respectively. The top plate is actuated vertically due to the rotation of a lead screw mechanism that has two halves,  210  and  211 , each having opposite directional threads. The rotation of the lead screw makes corresponding brackets  212  and  213  to move in opposite directions. These brackets, in turn, are each connected to a pair of levers that are in turn connected to a push plate  216 . The top press plate  202  hangs on this push plate through shoulder screws  218 , with light springs  219  around the shoulder screws between the two plates, to help assure that the press plate  202  does not get wedged at a non-horizontal angle, due to the screws. 
         [0056]    The top press plate therefore descends to squeeze out and shape the dough slice  160  into, for example, an 8″ pie crust. When the top plate  202  reaches its lowermost position, it forms a cavity, which is then filled up by the dough slice  160 . The dough slice therefore takes the shape of this cavity. The top and bottom press mechanisms are heated to par-bake the slice of dough to the point where the dough is rigid enough to be pushed around from station to station. 
         [0057]    Referring now to  FIGS. 9A-I , therein is illustrated the operation of the press mechanism. The following table lists the steps of the pressing sequence shown in each figure, from  FIG. 9A  to  FIG. 9I . 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Pusher Plate 
                   
               
               
                 FIG 
                 Movement 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 9A 
                 Down 
                 Press plate hanging from pushing plate. 
               
               
                 9B 
                 Down 
                 Press top plate sitting on top of pie, with a gap 
               
               
                   
                   
                 between press plate &amp; pushing plate. 
               
               
                 9C 
                 Down 
                 Pie being squeezed, no gap between plates. 
               
               
                 9D 
                 End of travel 
                 Both plates in lowermost position. Short pause in 
               
               
                   
                   
                 this position. 
               
               
                 9E 
                 Up 
                 Press plate being pushed up against pushing plate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 due to pressure buildup. 
               
               
                 9F 
                 Midpoint A 
                 Pushing plate moves up and stops at Midpoint A. 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Somewhere between lowermost point &amp; Midpoint 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A, press plate drops back on top of pie due to 
               
               
                   
                   
                 release of pressure. 
               
               
                 9G 
                 Down 
                 Pushing plate goes back down. Press plate sitting on 
               
               
                   
                   
                 top of pie. 
               
               
                 9H 
                 Midpoint B 
                 Pusher plate stationary at Midpoint B, while press 
               
               
                   
                   
                 plate is raised up by rising dough. Midpoint B is the 
               
               
                   
                   
                 uppermost allowable rise position for the press plate. 
               
               
                 9I 
                 Up 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0058]    Referring now to  FIGS. 9A-B , as the pushing plate is lowered, the top press plate first comes into contact with the slice of dough  160  and briefly stays there as the pushing plate continues its downward movement. Referring now to  FIG. 9C , eventually the pushing plate comes back into contact with the top press plate and begins applying pressure on the dough slice through the top press plate. The slice is squeezed with consecutive slow bursts of downward movement, to allow the dough sufficient time to soften under the heat and expand without tearing or creating air pockets. 
         [0059]    Referring now to  FIG. 9D , as the top press plate reaches its lowermost position, the dough fills out the cavity between the plates and takes on the flat circular shape with slightly raised edges. In this position, with the dough slice in full contact with the press, the par-baking process begins, but as the cavity is fully sealed, there is a great increase in pressure between the plates. 
         [0060]    Referring now to  FIG. 9E , in order to limit the rise in pressure, after a short delay, the pushing plate begins to move back up in timed small spurts. Initially due to the pressure, the top press plate is pushed up against the pusher plate. Referring now to  FIG. 9F , as the plates continue to rise the seal between the plates is eventually broken and some of the pressure is evacuated, causing the top press plate to fall back onto the pie, continuing the par-baking process. The exact point when the top press plate falls back onto the pie can be at any of a range of different positions. The pushing plate needs only to retract up to a pre-determined upper limit (midpoint A) where the seal between the plates is certain to have been broken and the pressure relieved. Accordingly, the shoulder screws  218  must be of sufficient length to allow the press plate to fall back onto the pie when the pressure drops. 
         [0061]    Referring now to  FIGS. 9G-H , with the press plate on the pie, the par baking process continues and similar to any dough baking process causes the pie to rise. The press plate therefore rises with the pie. However, the pusher plate comes back down to a second position (midpoint B) and remains at that point for the duration of the par-baking process, for example, approximately 20-30 seconds. This position sets an upper limit to the rise of the press plate and the dough under it, allowing the system to produce pies of approximately equal thickness. As the dough continues to dry out in this position, its maximal thickness gets set. 
         [0062]    In an alternate embodiment, the pressing and par baking may be performed at two different stations rather than in one location with a single mechanism. The pie may first be pressed out under the press mechanism and may subsequently be par baked in a heated chamber located between the press mechanism and the pie topping plate. This method would have the advantage of reducing the lag time between pies, because a new pie can begin to be cut and pressed out as soon as the initial pressing of the previous pie is completed, instead of waiting for the additional par-baking time. 
         [0063]    Referring now to  FIGS. 10A-B , as the pressing and par-baking cycle approaches completion, the topping area entry door  400  opens, the turntable mechanism  302  rotates to position the topping plate  304  in line with the press bottom plate  204 . Simultaneously, the press top plate  202  rises, and the plate transfer arm  610  then pushes the par-baked pizza crust onto the pie topping plate  304 . The plate transfer arm  610  then retracts to its original position. The dough pressing area  200  is now ready to prepare the next pizza. 
         [0064]    Referring now to  FIG. 10B , the turntable  302  rotates to position the perimeter of the pizza crust  260  under the sauce tube end  309 . The crust is then rotated by the pizza topping plate  304 . Simultaneously to this, the sauce pump  310  draws sauce from the sauce bag  306  contained in the sauce container or box  307  through the sauce tube  308 , and dispenses it onto the dough crust  260 . The spinning of the plate causes the sauce to spread around the perimeter of the pie crust. When the perimeter of the pizza crust is covered with sauce the sauce pump stops pumping momentarily. During this pause, the turntable  302  rotates to now position the sauce tube end  309  further towards the center of the pizza crust. The sauce pump  310  then restarts the flow of sauce to cover the inner portion of the pie with sauce. This process is repeated once more by positioning the sauce tube end near the center of the pie crust and dispensing a small amount of sauce in the middle of the pie crust. Of course, a greater or lesser number of sauce dispensing cycles may be used, depending on the particular application. Optionally, a photosensor may be used to detect the presence of a pizza crust, and disable the sauce dispensing mechanism if a pizza crust is not detected, so as to prevent the dispensing of sauce in the event of a malfunction or improper operation. 
         [0065]    Referring now to  FIG. 11A , therein is illustrated two cheese dispensing mechanisms,  320  and  350  respectively. Once the pizza is covered with sauce, the turntable  302  rotates to position the pizza crust  260  under the first cheese chute  348  or the second cheese chute  352 , depending upon which cheese mechanism  320  or  350  is in use. The present description refers to the operation of the first cheese mechanism  320 . The second cheese mechanism is substantially similar to the first mechanism. 
         [0066]    Referring now to  FIG. 11B , the cheese dispensing mechanism includes a cylindrical silo  322 , for example,  8  inches in diameter, that contains a bag  324  of granulated cheese. The granulated cheese is commercially available and includes cubes of ⅛ th  of an inch that may be provided in sealed bags. The cylinder diameter may be increased to increase the amount of cheese within each canister, but in such a case the bag must also be enlarged. The silo has a removable base  326 . The base includes a circular disk made out of food grade plastic. The base has a dispensing hole  328 , for example, approximately one inch in diameter, that permits the cheese to flow out. The base also has an agitating arm  332  that is shaped such that it can close the cheese dispensing hole  328  when made to stop at a particular position. The agitating arm is also shaped to have an extending scraper  333  that serves to wipe the bottom edge of the canister and promote a proper flow of cheese towards the dispensing hole. 
         [0067]    The cheese bag  324  is inserted into the silo by removing the silo from the mechanism, turning it upside down and removing the base  326 . At this point the cheese bag  324  may be inserted into the silo, with one end sticking out. The top of the bag is then cut or ripped open and folded over the edge of the silo, similar to a trash bag over a trash can. The base  326  may then be fitted into the silo, thereby wedging the bag in place. The base  326  may then be locked in position on the silo with a pair of latches  330 . The silo may then be flipped back to a right side up position without fear of spillage due to the agitating arm  332  closing the exit hole  328  in the base  326 . The cheese silo, with the newly installed cheese bag in it is now installed onto a support platform  338  on top of the cheese dispensing system. A coupling shaft  335  of the agitating arm, extending out from the bottom of the cheese silo base, is inserted through a hole on the silo support platform  338  and into a mating hole in the center drive shaft  345 . The cheese silo is then locked into position with a pair of latches  340  that are positioned to insure that the cheese exit hole  328  of the silo base lines up with a corresponding hole  339  on the support platform. Just below these exit holes is measuring cylinder  342  that is inserted into the canister support platform hole  339  and is removable without tools in order to be cleaned. The measuring cylinder  342  is closed at the bottom by a circular rotating trap door  343 . The latter has cutout holes that, when rotated to the correct position, allow the cheese to flow out. The rotating door is connected to the drive shaft  345 , but it can be easily removed without tools in order to be cleaned by first removing the cheese silo and the measuring cylinder  342 . 
         [0068]    Referring now to  FIG. 11C , a single DC motor  344 , whose direction may be reversed and the speed controlled, is used to drive both the agitating arm and the measuring cylinder trap door. The motor is coupled to the drive shaft  345 . In this case it is through a set of sprockets and a chain, but it may also be mounted directly to the drive shaft by being placed under the entire mechanism. The drive shaft  345  has a pair of internal spring-loaded drive pins, one pin  346  near the bottom which couples to the measuring cylinder trap door  343  and the other pin  347  further above which couples to the bottom of the agitating arm coupling shaft  335 . When the drive shaft  345  rotates one way the agitating arm coupling shaft  335  is engaged to actuate the cheese actuating arm, and when the drive shaft  345  rotates in the opposite direction, the buffer door  343  is engaged. 
         [0069]    Referring now to  FIG. 11D , therein is illustrated the cheese dispensing process. The first step in the cheese dispensing process is to fill the measuring cylinder  342  with cheese. This is accomplished by rotating the agitating arm  332  located inside the silo, and allowing the cheese to flow through the dispensing hole  328  at the base of the silo. Alternatively, the arm may simply be rotated several times without actually measuring or detecting that the measuring cylinder is full, with the assumption that a sufficient number or turns will adequately fill up the cylinder. In this alternative embodiment, a count or record must be kept to know approximately how much cheese remains in the silo. Otherwise, in the first embodiment, a sensor is mounted on the top of the cheese measuring cylinder to detect the presence of cheese at the top of the cylinder. In this case, when the sensor detects the presence of cheese near the top of the measuring cylinder, the agitating arm simply rotates enough to close the dispensing hole in the base of the silo. This method has the advantage of being able to detect if the measuring cylinder never gets filled up despite a sufficient number of turns of the agitating arm, which would indicate an empty silo condition. The measuring cylinder trap door  343  should be positioned such that it closes the bottom of the cylinder in order for the cylinder to fill up. A second sensor may also be used near the bottom of the measuring cylinder to detect that the cylinder has properly emptied, i.e., dispensed the cheese inside the cylinder. 
         [0070]    The filling of the measuring cylinder preferably occurs prior to the pie crust being moved under either of the cheese dispensing mechanisms. After getting topped with sauce, the pie crust  260  is rotated to place the cheese chute  348  near the center of the pie. 
         [0071]    Referring now to  FIG. 11E , the measuring cylinder trap door  343  is rotated to a position that allows the cheese within the measuring cylinder to fall onto the pie. The measuring cylinder  342  may optionally be vibrated to facilitate the emptying of the cylinder. This may be accomplished either with a separate vibrating device mounted on the measuring cylinder (e.g., a hammer type mechanism), or by adding dimples on the trap door  343  such that, as the door is rotated, it collides with a bracket that touches the measuring cylinder, thus imparting some vibration to the measuring cylinder. 
         [0072]    As the cheese falls onto the pie, some of it spreads out beyond the perimeter of the cheese chute  348 , covering a large section of the center of the pie, but most of it remains backed up within the cheese chute  348 . The turntable  302  then rotates to position the cheese chute closer to the perimeter of the pie crust  260 . Simultaneously, the topping plate  304  begins to rotate. As the cheese chute  348  passes over sections of the pie without cheese on it, the cheese backed up in the chute empties out onto the pie, at a rate determined by the gap between the bottom of the chute and the surface of the pie, as well as the rotation speed and the shape of the rake pattern at the bottom end of the chute. The initial rotation of the topping plate is in a direction to push the cheese against the rake extensions at the bottom of the chute. 
         [0073]    The cutout pattern at the bottom of the chute has three sections: a section with rake-like extensions that act to spread the cheese as it flows out, a solid section with no cutouts that is positioned near the perimeter of the pie and serves to limit the amount of cheese granules falling off of the pie, and an open section that comes into play at the very end of the cheese spreading cycle to allow any extra cheese remaining in the chute to fall out onto the pie. 
         [0074]    After a timed cycle, the pie should be fully covered with cheese. However, due to potential variations in dough thickness, cheese quantity or the presence of clumps in the cheese, it is possible that not all of the cheese would have emptied from under the cheese chute. However, by having a relatively large opening in the cutout pattern at the bottom of the cheese chute, this permits the emptying of this extra cheese onto the pie by reversing the rotation of the topping plate for a short time after the pie has been completely covered. 
         [0075]    Referring now to  FIGS. 12A-C , the pie transfer process to the oven will now be described. In these drawings, the press mechanism assembly has been removed to make the oven transfer mechanisms more visible. Once the pizza crust is covered with cheese, the turntable mechanism  302  rotates to position the pie topping plate  304  in-line with the elevator mechanism  630 . Simultaneously, the topping area exit door  420  is opened. At this point the elevator transfer arm  620  pushes the fully topped pie crust onto the elevator  630 , then retracts back to its original position. The turntable mechanism  302  is now free to rotate back to the original position to accept the next pie crust. The elevator then lowers the pizza crust to the level of the conveyor oven  450 , and the oven transfer arm  640  pushes the pizza crust onto the oven conveyor belt  452 . The oven transfer arm  640  then retracts back to its original position, as does the elevator  630 . 
         [0076]    Referring now to  FIG. 13A , the oven conveyor belt  452  turns on to transfer the pizza crust into the oven. The pizza is cooked within the oven using a pair of ceramic heating elements  454  and  456  located above and below the conveyor belt, respectively. The cooking time is approximately one minute. The cooking time may of course, be more or less, depending on many factors, such as crust thickness, oven temperature, etc. To minimize heat loss, instead of using doors, the oven generates air curtains at its entrance and exit openings to keep the hot air from escaping. These air curtains are generated with the use of two high temperature blowers  458  &amp;  460  located at opposite corners of the oven. These blowers act to circulate a current of air around the perimeter of the oven, as indicated by the counter-clockwise arrows. Once the cooking is completed, the oven conveyor belt re-activates to transfer the pizza out of the oven. 
         [0077]    Referring now to  FIG. 13B , as the pizza exits the oven it passes from the oven conveyor belt  452  to a smaller exit conveyor belt  453 . The pizza eventually collides with a deflector plate  462  that in turn triggers a limit switch  464  that signals for the conveyor belt to stop turning. Before describing the pie boxing process, the box preparation and forming process is now described. 
         [0078]    Referring now to  FIG. 14A , therein is illustrated the pizza box forming system  500 . The forming system includes two main areas: the box stack area  502  and the box flap closing area  503 . The box stack area includes a stack elevator mechanism  560  that supports the stack of boxes  510  and the box separator belt  580  that transfers the topmost box  511  from the stack to the box flap closing area  503 . The latter includes box bender mechanism  590 , a pair of flap closing mechanisms, one in the front  530  and one in the rear  531 . Finally, there is also a box transfer mechanism  650  that serves to push the pizza into an opened box, and then to push the closed box out of the machine. 
         [0079]    Referring now to  FIG. 14B , to separate a new box, the box separator belt  580  begins to spin as the box stack elevator mechanism  560  begins to rise. The topmost box  511  eventually comes into contact with the spinning separator belt  580 . As enough pressure develops between the box stack and the belt, sufficient friction force is eventually generated for the belt to move the topmost box forward onto the box separation platform  582 . A sensor or limit switch  584 , shown with hidden lines and located above the separator platform detects the presence of the newly separated box and signals both the separator belt  580  and the box stack elevator  560  mechanism to stop moving. The stack elevator then reverses direction and begins to descend a short distance to relieve the pressure between the box stack and the separator belt. This ensures that a second box is not separated, because the previous box fully occupies the space available between the separator platform  582  and the belt  580 , whereas there is no longer any friction between the belt and the next box on the stack. 
         [0080]    Referring now to  FIGS. 14C-D , the box separator belt  580  now recommences spinning and pushes the separated box down into flap closing area  503 . Referring now to  FIG. 14D , the newly separated box is bent open by the rotation of the box bending mechanism  590 . The box is kept in position by the box bender pushing the box against the box support bracket  592 , shown in  FIG. 14D . The box is now in position, open and ready to accept the next pie. 
         [0081]    Now referring to  FIG. 15A , therein is illustrated the rear flap closing mechanism  531 , and the box transfer arm mechanism  650 , as well as an opened pizza box  512 , with the front and rear left side latching tongues  513  visible, along with the rear box closing flap  514 , and the flap top latching tongue  515 , which is the top part of the box closing flap  514 . 
         [0082]    Now, as the pie exits the oven and is centered with the box transfer arm  650 , the latter moves forward to push the pizza into the previously opened box  512 . As the pizza advances, it first moves over the bridge platform  526  and contacts a rotating box flap bridge  527  which pushes it down over the box flap  514 , allowing the pie to slide freely into the box without interference from the box flap  514 . In order not to interfere with the box flap closing process, the box transfer arm  650  then retracts back over the rotating flap bridge  527 , out of the box flap closing area  503  and comes to a rest over the bridge platform  526 . 
         [0083]    At this point the front and rear flap closing mechanisms,  530  and  532 , respectively, activate simultaneously to fold and then to close the front and rear box flaps  514 . The operation of the rear flap folder  532  will now be described, it being understood that the front folder  530  operates in an essentially substantially similar fashion. The sub-components of the front and rear flap folding mechanisms have been numbered in a similar fashion. The following is a description of the flap closing process. 
         [0084]    Referring now to  FIG. 15B , the rear flap closing mechanism  532  is shown from a left side view. The mechanism includes a flap folding and pushing block  536  that moves down and then up, a flap closing guide  544  that is pushed down by the flap folding and pushing block and is pulled back up by a pull-up spring  546 , a flap closing arm  542  and finally a stationary deflector  550  for the box flap top latching tongue. Although, the flap folding and pushing block  536  and the flap closing guide  544  are mounted on the same guide shaft  534 , the actuating motor, not shown in the figure, is connected only to the flap folding and pushing block  536 . As the latter moves down and then up the guide shaft  534 , it comes into contact with the flap closing guide  544  and moves it as well. The flap folding and pushing block  536  is shaped to have three features or surfaces: the side tongue bending deflectors  537 , the flap bending deflectors  538 , and the flap closing arm deflectors  539 . Due to the left hand side view of  FIG. 15B , only one of each of these features, those on the left hand side are illustrated. They are repeated in a symmetrical fashion on the right hand side as well. 
         [0085]    Referring now to  FIGS. 15C  and D, the flap closing cycle commences with the downward movement of the box flap folding and pushing block  536 . As the latter descends, the side tongue bending deflectors  537  come into contact with the side latching tongues  513 , and bend the latter inwards. Simultaneously, the flap bending deflectors  538  come into contact with the crease on the box closing flap  514 , and bend the latter downward. As the flap  514  bends downward, the flap top latching tongue  515  comes into contact with the flap top deflector  550 , and gets bent inward. 
         [0086]    During this downward movement of the box flap folding and pushing block  536 , as it is bending the box flap and tongues, it also pushes the flap closing guide mechanism  544  down to a position in front of the box opening, where the latter is held by a spring loaded latching hook  548  that holds onto latching extensions  545  on the flap closing guide. 
         [0087]    Referring now to  FIGS. 15E  and F, the box flap folding and pushing block  536  now rises back to its original upper position, but the flap closing guide mechanism  544  remains in place due to the latching hook  548 . At this point, the lower section of the flap folding and pushing block  536 , the flap closing arm deflector  539 , comes into contact with the flap closing arm mechanism  542 , which rotates upwards to push the now bent box flap  514  up. As the upper flap tongue  515  slides against the flap closing guide mechanisms  544 , it gets inserted into the box. 
         [0088]    Referring now to  FIG. 15G , as the flap folding and pushing block  536  approaches its uppermost position, the flap closing arm mechanism  542  rotates to a position beyond vertical, pushing the upper flap tongues all the way into the box, thus completing the box closing process. Finally, the box flap having been closed, the latching hook  548 , which keeps the flap closing guide  544  in place, is released by the latching hook release cam  540  that is attached to the flap folding and pushing block  536 , as the latter reaches its uppermost position. The triggering of the latching hook  548  allows the flap closing guide  544  to be pulled up from in front of the box by the springs  546 . 
         [0089]    Finally, the flap folding and pushing block  536  descends from its uppermost position back to its original position to clear the way for the box to be pushed out. 
         [0090]    The box is then pushed out of both the flap closing area  503  and the machine by the forward movement of the box transfer arm  650 , which advances all the way forward. The box transfer arm  650  then retracts all the way back to its original position. Finally, the pie bridge rotating flap  527  is pulled back up to the vertical position by a solenoid mechanism (not shown) to position it to be ready for the next pie. The flap closing mechanism is now ready to accept a newly separated box to be opened for the next pie. 
         [0091]    The various mechanisms in the machine are driven by, for example, 24V DC motors, as well as mechanisms actuated by AC or DC solenoids. The machine also has a number of heater elements used as heat sources for the oven and hot press that cook the pie, as well as AC fans and hot air blowers. A central controller called the Vending Machine Controller (VMC) handles the customer interface tasks like validating the monetary transaction, printing out receipts, displaying messages, and communicating with the owner/operator&#39;s computer system for remote monitoring and control. 
         [0092]    The actual control of the pizza making process and the mechanisms may be performed by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), a common type of controller in industrial applications. In this case, the VMC and the PLC may communicate via a serial port or some other type of communication connection.  FIG. 16  is a block diagram showing the various functional elements of the control system. 
         [0093]    In an alternative configuration for the control system, the mechanism control tasks may be handled by customized controllers designed to handle either one mechanism or a group of related mechanisms, such as the canister handling and dough portioning system, the pressing system, the pie topping system. Whereas, the VMC manages the controllers for each sub-assembly or module, each individual controller would then be responsible to govern the movements of the mechanisms in that particular module. The advantage of this methodology over the PLC solution is first of all a reduction of wiring and associated costs, as this latter approach would only require two to four wires going from each controller to the VMC for power and communications. The controllers would in this case be located much closer to the sub-assembly to be controlled, thereby reducing potential noise pickup on the wires. Finally, customized controllers may be more economical to produce in volume.  FIG. 17  is a block diagram of this alternative control system. 
         [0094]      FIG. 18  is a flowchart illustrating the steps involved in the pizza ordering and preparation process. The VMC monitors the customer interface to see if an order is requested or if money has been deposited within the machine. If the Vending Machine is ready to make pies and when an order has been placed and the money accepted, the vending machine indicates to the PLC to commence a pie making cycle. The latter includes cutting a slice of dough, pressing and par-baking it, topping it, cooking it, and boxing it. A new order may be started as soon as the press area is free. 
         [0095]    While there have been shown, described, and pointed out fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the devices illustrated, and in their operation, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, it is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements and/or steps which perform substantially the same function, in substantially the same way, to achieve the same results are within the scope of the invention. Substitutions of elements from one described embodiment to another are also fully intended and contemplated. It is also to be understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, but that they are merely conceptual in nature. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the claims appended hereto.