Abstract:
Computer implemented methods for processing transactions involving chemical products include receiving at a server computer from a client computer transaction data that includes a product identifier. In response, testing of a sample of the identified product is scheduled and results of the sample testing are stored in a database. The results may be retrieved in response to a subsequent query from the user and sent over a network to the user. In another aspect, characteristics of a chemical product produced according to a particular formulation are determined, the formulation may be modified, and characteristics of a produce produced according to the modified formulation can be determined. A networked computer system that includes a server, a database, and a memory is configured to exchange data with client computers and is coupled to a database that stores stores chemical product data for a number of chemicals materials. The chemical product data can include, e.g., starting point formulations (i.e., recipes combining chemical materials to produce a product). The memory includes instructions that can configure the server to communicate over a computer network with a client computer. The client computer can communicate a product identifier to the server and, based on that identifier, the server may query the database to retrieve chemical product data which is then returned to the client computer.

Description:
[0001]     The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0002]      FIG. 1  is an network block diagram. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is changing the way in which industries provide business services. E-commerce web sites, web portals, and other electronic purchasing systems can provide rapid and fully automated arms-length purchasing transactions and comparison shopping. Typical automated purchasing systems are designed for the purchase of known product configurations. For products requiring specialized preparation, testing, handling, and care, or for which unknown factors need to be determined, traditional e-commerce system designed for pre-configured product sales and distribution may be inappropriate. Consequently, improved e-commerce systems able to handle more complex product sales and configuration issues are desired.  
         [0004]     Improved e-commerce systems handling complex product sales and configuration issues can benefit the chemical industry as well as many other industries. Chemical manufacturers may sell chemicals that have application-specific and formulation-specific characteristics. Application-specific and formulation-specific characteristics of a new product or new application of an existing product may be unknown. In such cases, prior to product use, a purchaser may need to separately contract for, or otherwise engage in, product formulation, testing and other suitability assurance processes. Advantages can be gained by streamlining these processes using a computer-automated system.  
         [0005]      FIG. 1  shows an e-commerce system  100  for use in the paint formulation and product sales industry. The system  100  include a web server  120 . The web server  120  includes a database  125  storing product information as well as other data used in providing e-commerce services. The web server  120  is connected over the Internet or other network to one or more user terminals  111 - 113 . In addition, the server  120  can have interfaces to material supplier databases  140 , production and product manufacturer systems  160  as well as to other computer systems  150  (e.g., credit clearinghouses  151 , common carrier shipping systems  152 , information data services  153 , etc.).  
         [0006]     The web server  120  provides HTML pages and forms to user terminals  111 - 113 , thereby allowing the server  120  to exchange product, service, and purchase data with users of the terminals  111 - 113 . The exchanged data can include queries about particular products, purchaser identification information, an selection of a desired product and product volume, shipping address information, a designation of a preferred shipper, and a designation of a preferred manufacturer. Other conventional e-commerce data also can be exchanged between the web server  120  and the user terminals  111 - 113 . For example, the server  120  may receive purchase order information from user terminal  111  and verify the purchaser&#39;s credit and/or draw funds by interacting with a credit card transaction clearinghouse system  151 , schedule product delivery by exchanging data with a shipping system computer  152  and with a product supplier  140 . Data exchanged with systems  140 ,  150 ,  160  can be used to schedule merchandise pick-up and delivery, to confirm stock levels, determine pricing, and/or for other purposes.  
         [0007]     Web server database  125  is provisioned with data allowing the server  120  to respond to queries requesting information about products, product applications, suppliers, shippers, order status, product formulation and testing services, testing results, etc. In the paint products industry, the database  125  may include information on the large number of raw material used to manufacture a paint products, material safety data sheets, material use and application guides, as well as data about manufacturing processes. Raw materials data also can include, among other things, data about binders, dispersants, colorants, biocides, extenders, titanium dioxide (TiO2), surfactants, and their components. Data about paint manufacturing processes can include formulation data and manufacturing process data. The formulation data can include paint recipes (i.e., predetermined formulations), data about suitable use and applications for particular materials, and well as data about interactions between materials. The manufacturing process data can include, e.g., data describing suitability for use, and response of, various raw materials to particular manufacturing processes. For example, the database  125  may capture data about a materials characteristics after exposure to various temperatures or mixing steps. The manufacturing process data can also include data about manufacturing facilities. For example, the database  125  may identify manufacturing facilities with particular equipment or capacity need for a particular manufacturing job. In some cases, data in database  125  may be dynamically updated via interfaces to external systems  140 ,  150 ,  160 . Thus, the server  120  can act as a repository for a full range of chemical product information, including information about raw materials, about how to process and combine those materials through various manufacturing processes, and about the application of the materials both in raw and combined forms. Information, products, and services available via the server  120  may be available on a pay-per-product or subscription basis.  
         [0008]     The web server  120  may provide a “one stop shop” for chemical product formulating information and services where registered user can get information and can formulate chemical products online. In some cases, information on the web server may be provided on a paid sponsorship basis. For example, suppliers may pay to have their products listed. Users may pay an annual fee for a particular number of users, access sessions, or services. Services also can be provided on a pay-per-use basis. The system may provide for “virtual” tours of the test fences. For example, using stationary or mobile cameras, digital images of test samples can be collected, stored at the server  120 , and accessed by users. The server  120  also can interact with users at terminals  110  to receive product and material purchase orders. The server can process a purchase order by displaying product catalogs, receiving user selections of particular products, and collecting purchase, shipping, and payment information from a user.  
         [0009]     From time to time, paint manufacturers may create or modify paint formulations to improve performance of their paint products, to adapt a formulation for a new application, and to take advantage of new materials and processing techniques. The system  100  can help a manufacture to create new formulations or to modify existing formulations. To aid in creating or modifying formulations, the server  120  can provide access to paint formulation information and services. Paint formulation information can include raw material product information in the database  125  (e.g., binding, hardness, fading characteristics of various unprocessed and processed chemical product, etc.). This information can be provided to a user based on the user&#39;s selection of products. The database can also include formulations (“recipes”) that are available to a user. These recipes can include detail listings of raw materials and processing steps used to formulate particular paint products. Each listed material or processing step may be associated with a hypertext link to additional information, manufacturer web sites, or to a product purchasing service. The database  125  can store characteristics of paint products made from the supplied recipes. These characteristics can include, e.g., adhesion properties when applied to different materials, scuff resistance, fading characteristics, use environments (e.g., indoor or outdoor), environmental characteristics (e.g., non-volatile organic compound content), etc.  
         [0010]     After a recipe has been approved by a purchaser, the site  120  can complete order processing by interacting with seller, shipper, purchaser, credit clearinghouse and other external systems  140 ,  150 ,  160 . In some cases (e.g., raw material purchases) the system can interact with other manufacturer and shipper systems to material shipments from warehouse(s) to the user. The system also may schedule shipment of raw materials from different warehouse sites to a product blending and manufacturing site where processing of the raw materials into a completed product can take place. The completed product can then be shipped to the user.  
         [0011]     In some cases, a user may not want to use one of the server&#39;s pre-existing paint recipe, or the existing recipes may not have the characteristics required by the user. Such users may benefit from a custom paint formulation service provided by the server. The custom paint formulation service may allow the user to enter a starting point recipe or to query for a recipe to be used as a starting point. The operation of the paint formulation service may begin with a data gathering stage. In the data gathering state, the server can collect target characteristic information from a user. This target characteristic information may then be compared to known product, process, and formulations characteristics of products produced using recipes stored in the database  125 . This comparison can include weighing different target characteristics against the known characteristics to determine a ranking of recipes. For example, binding and opacity properties specified by a user as target characteristics can be compared to the binding and opacity properties of paints produced using the known recipes. This comparison can be done, e.g., by measuring a difference between user-specified target characteristics and known characteristics to determine an overall ranking score for a particular formulation. This scoring process can be repeated for a number of different known formulations and the results may be presented to the user as a best-to-worst listing of suggested starting point formulations. The user may then select one of the recipes as a starting point recipe. Users can also enter one of their existing recipes as a starting point recipe.  
         [0012]     The paint formulation service also can include access to a paint formulation expert system that can help a user analyze and modify their starting point recipe. The expert system can interact with a user to collect data about desired paint product characteristics. Based on the data from the user, and on paint formulation knowledge and rules stored in the database  125 , the expert system can calculate characteristics required by a recipe to meet the user-specified target characteristics and/or may calculate the characteristics of a product produced according to user-modifications of a starting point recipe. Such expert system predictions can help a user avoid unnecessary expenses and delays associated with producing an experimental paint product.  
         [0013]     The paint product commerce site may facilitate product use and application testing. When a new paint formulation recipe is developed, a small batch of the paint may be produced and evaluated through application testing. Outdoor paint product may be tested, e.g., by painting wood samples which are then placed in an outdoor test farm for environmental exposure testing. The painted wood samples may then be monitored to determine the effects of environmental exposure. Monitoring by on-site inspections can create inconveniences since samples may be located at remote sites or, in the case of multiple sample exposures, may be at geographically distributed locations. The system  100  can offer alternatives to on-site sample inspection. In particular, the system  100  can include a database  125  storing periodically obtained sample monitoring data. Sample monitoring data can then be remotely accessed by a user using a web browser. In the case of paint samples, the data may be digital photo images that can be remotely retrieved at a web browser. For each sample being monitored, the system  100  can retain multiple periodically obtained images (e.g., weekly or monthly) so as to form a historical journal of the exposure testing process.  
         [0014]     In addition to formulation functions, information providing functions, and other functions described herein, the database  125  may record purchase volumes, purchasers, shippers, products and other information associated with completed and failed transactions. This information may be used for, e.g., data mining, marketing, trend tracking, sale forecasting, and other purposes.  
         [0015]     Processing and presentation of the data at user terminals may be performed by web browser software such as Microsoft Internet Explorer Version 5.0, a Netscape Navigator Version 4.0 browser, or other client software products such as a Lotus Notes client or a Microsoft Outlook client. Data processing and presentation by a browser may conform to requirements of standardized data formatting protocols, such as the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Dynamic HTML (DHTML), or Extensible Markup Language (XML). Browsers also may provide for the download and execution of software, such as through the use of a Java® Virtual Machine to execute Java programs. Other data formatting and presentation protocols, other programming languages, and rich media data such as audio, video, and animation files also can be exchanged between the server and clients and processed by browser software or by other client software (e.g., by a Java program). Conventional aspects of web server  120  may be handled using standard web server technologies and platforms. For example, Apple WebObjects(r), Lotus Domino(r), and/or Sun-Netscape alliance iPlanet™ software may be used to interact with customers and receive purchase order data.  
         [0016]     Each computer systems described herein may be implemented using a single-processor computer or a multi-processor computers. Multi-processor computers can include tightly coupled computer systems, such as symmetric multi-processor computer systems, as well as loosely coupled computer clusters and geographically distributed computers connected by a network. Database systems may be implemented as a sub-component of a computer system that also provides other processing functions (e.g., a database may be implemented using storage media coupled to a computer processing business logic). Databases can also be implemented using dedicated database servers and storage. Processing and database systems may be implemented as distributed systems. For example, although presented as a single logical system, the database system  125  may include a number of physically separate database systems each having their own computer processing and data storage facilities. A database can also include a data structure stored in a transitory memory, such as a data structure stored in RAM memory.  
         [0017]     The invention may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them. Apparatus of the invention may be implemented in a computer program product tangibly embodied in a machine-readable storage device for execution by a programmable processor; and method steps of the invention may be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of instructions to perform functions of the invention by operating on input data and generating output. The invention may advantageously be implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. Each computer program may be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language, or in assembly or machine language if desired; and in any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language. Suitable processors include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory and/or a random access memory. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM disks. Any of the foregoing may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, specially-designed ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits).  
         [0018]     Implementations may include one or more of the following advantages: Manufacturers can sell products using automated e-commerce systems that can automatically facilitate the providing of complex purchase-related processes. For example, in the chemical industry, chemical product formulation requirements can be ensured. Multiple vendors can interface with, and contribute to, a single database system to enable efficient sharing of product-related information. Data regarding customer purchases can be aggregated and analyzed to perform market analysis. Manufacturers can outsource the storage and distribution of product-related information to a third party web site provider.  
         [0019]     A number of embodiments of the present invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The disclosure herein describes, as an example, a web site system implemented for paint product purchasing and formulation. Implementations could address other product needs. For example, in an agricultural implementation, a user may formulate a fertilizer or pesticide product and schedule testing on sample crops (this example is intended to parallel the exposure testing of paint products on wood surfaces). Still other industries and needs may be addressed by the system  100 .