Abstract:
The tower or tower foot for a spherical tank for use in the transport of cold products is designed in order to be able to absorb stresses from the tower on the tank shell with a desired degree of flexibility, preferably in the tower foot, e.g. in a zone (A-A&#39;) thereof, and/or as a flexible element.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention concerns a tower device in spherical tanks for the transport of liquid gas, wherein the tower extends between the bottom and the top of the tank, comprising a device which permits mutual movement of sections of the tower and the tank in the tower&#39;s longitudinal direction. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE BACKGROUND ART 
     From the prior art it is known that a tower can be permanently secured in a spherical tank which is used for the transport by ship of cold products, e.g. liquid natural gas (LNG). Even though problems were thereby eliminated with which the previous devices were encumbered, a new problem was created. In certain situations, for example, when the tower has a different temperature to the tank shell, when the tank is completely or partially filled, or when the tower is subjected to forces from splashing of liquid in the tank, the tower sets up extra stresses in the tank shell. These can be reduced, e.g. by increasing the thickness of sections of the tank shell. Since this is impractical, it has been suggested that a section of the tank near the top of the tower should be flattened out somewhat, thus making the tank shell more elastic at this point. However, for reasons connected with production, it is not desirable for the shape of the tank to deviate from the spherical shape, and no such flattening out has been performed in practice. 
     Alternatively an elastic or flexible element can be installed or a transition in the tower at an optimum level, depending on design and operational factors. 
     The design of flexible transitions of this kind will vary since different requirements can be placed on the design on the basis of the tank&#39;s size, the location for the tank&#39;s installation (on board ship or ashore) and thereby the desired stresses in the tank shell, various requirements for equipment (e.g. pumps) and thereby the requirements for space in the tower foot, various properties of the loads which have to be carried (e.g. LPG, ethylene, LNG or liquid nitrogen, oxygen or hydrogen) which thus will give different combinations of static and dynamic loads, and different materials in the tank. The solution which is best for one combination of these requirements is not necessarily best for another combination. The known transitions create relatively few variable parameters, a fact which limits the choice of optimum solutions for the elastic connection or transition. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the invention is to provide a device of the above-mentioned type which is encumbered in a less degree with these disadvantages while retaining the main principle that the tower should be fixedly secured. 
     The characteristics of the invention are indicated by the features in the claims presented. 
    
    
     Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawing which schematically illustrates embodiments of the device according to the drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein: 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a longitudinal section through a first and a second embodiment of a device according to the invention, where the embodiments are shown on respective sides of the tower&#39;s longitudinal axis. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a longitudinal section similar to that which is illustrated in FIG. 1, through a third and a fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention. 
     FIG. 3 illustrates a longitudinal section through a fifth embodiment of the device according to the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     As illustrated in FIG. 1, between a tank 2 and a vertically extending tower 3, a flexible transition section 1 is provided. The flexibility is principally provided by a double-curved, annular or continuous peripheral element 4 (shown by quarter-circles A-A&#39;). This peripheral element 4 is connected to the tower 3 via a connecting element 5 (illustrated by line A&#39;-B) which can, however, be omitted if this is considered expedient. Alternatively the peripheral element 4 can be designed as a number of single-curved plates which are welded to the connecting element 5 at point A&#39; and the tank wall at point A. Thus in this case, the peripheral element 4 will be discontinuous. 
     In the first embodiment of the device according to the invention which is illustrated on the left side of the tower&#39;s longitudinal axis 8, the connecting element 5 is composed of a flat plate, but it can be conical instead. 
     In the second embodiment of the device according to the invention which is illustrated on the right side of the tower&#39;s longitudinal axis 8, the connecting element 5 is composed of a part of a spherical surface, and in this case the entire construction is in the form of a korbogen structure (A-B), the peripheral element 4 being composed of a section of a torus. Korbogen structures are well known in the field of tank structures and thus form torus-spherical structures. 
     The connecting element 5 can be used to support pipes. For this or for other reasons, it may be desirable to have the connecting element 5 reinforced, e.g. by means of radially extending struts. In order to save materials, the connecting element 5 can be provided with cut-outs or possibly consist of only radial struts. 
     In FIG. 2, a longitudinal section through a third and a fourth embodiment of a device according to the invention are illustrated. A transition section 11 between a tank 12 and a tower 13 is in the form of an annular, bellows-shaped, elastic peripheral element 14. 
     The diameter and rigidity of two horizontal connecting elements, 15, 16 (illustrated by lines A-B and C-D) which connect the peripheral element 14 with the tower, can be selected according to what is considered most appropriate. In this connection those sections of the tower which are located above and below the peripheral element 14 can have different diameters, for example with regard to requirements for space inside the tower. 
     On the left half of FIG. 2, a half longitudinal section through the third embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown. The peripheral element 14 is composed of an element 17 which is semicircular in cross section (semicircle B-C). 
     At the section of the figure which is located on the right of the tower&#39;s longitudinal axis 18, and which shows a half longitudinal section through the fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention, the peripheral element 14 comprises a number of welded, annular elements which are in the form of pipes. They can, however, be in the form of half pipes. 
     The bellows section can be provided at the point on the tower which is considered the most suitable. 
     The details specified in connection with FIG. 1 regarding cut-outs and reinforcement also apply for this embodiment. 
     In FIG. 3, a longitudinal section through a fifth embodiment of a device according to the invention is illustrated. A transition section 21 through a tower 23 and a tank 22 is composed of a section 24 of the tower structure, where this section 24 has been made elastic by the formation of horizontal slots 27 in the tower wall. The number and extent of the slots is adapted to the existing requirements for flexibility. 
     Even though a cylindrical tower 23 is shown, however, the elastic, slotted section 24 can be conical in shape or have a different diameter. This can be necessary in order to provide room for equipment inside the tower or in order to obtain acceptable stress levels in the slotted part of the tower. 
     The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.