Abstract:
A panel mounted electrical connector is disclosed in combination with an equipment rack, multiple units of electronic equipment arranged in the rack, each unit having a connector in mating engagement with the connector mounted on the back panel of the rack. The panel mounted connector is arranged to align and hold in proper position multiple connectors, thereby forming a composite connector that mates with a mating composite connector on the unit of electronic equipment. Cutouts are provided in a surface of the composite connector so that cabling that is terminated to the connector may exit the connector at right angles thereto substantially parallel with the back panel.

Description:
This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/149,409 filed Nov. 9, 1993, in turn, a divisional application of application Ser. No. 08/043,319, filed Apr. 6, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,246. 
    
    
     The present invention relates to an electrical connector of the type that combines multiple connectors into a single connector unit that is mounted to the back panel of an equipment rack. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     It is common practice in the industry to individually mount connectors to the back panel, or back plane of an equipment rack. In doing this care must be taken to assure that the individual connectors are in proper alignment so that when the drawer containing the unit of equipment is inserted into the rack, the connectors of the unit properly mate with the connectors mounted to the back panel. Additionally, when the connectors are mounted to the back panel on the unit side, the interconnect cables must exit the connectors through openings cut through the panel. What is needed is a connector that is a composite of the connectors that are required by a particular unit of equipment so that these connectors are automatically held in the proper alignment with respect to one another and a provision for exiting the interconnect cables without the need for openings in the back panel. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention sets forth a novel interconnection system for interconnecting electronic equipment units with back plane wiring in an equipment rack. An electrical connector for mounting to a panel of an equipment rack is provided wherein a unit of equipment having a mating connector attached thereto is arranged to slide within the rack so that the two connectors engage and electrically mate when the unit is fully inserted into the rack. The electrical connector includes a housing having multiple cavities and multiple connectors in the cavities. Walls of the cavities engage the external surfaces of each of the multiple connectors to accurately position and hold them with respect to the housing. The housing includes a mounting face for mounting against the panel. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a disc drive unit of the type that is utilized in the practice of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an equipment rack with the unit shown in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a view similar to that of FIG. 2 showing an alternative arrangement; 
     FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the lines 4--4 of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a connector in accordance with the teachings of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 6 is a top view of the connector of FIG. 5 with a portion of the housing removed. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     There is shown in FIG. 1 a unit of electronic equipment 10 having an outer case 12 with an opening 14 in an end thereof. The unit 10, in the present example, is a disc drive for use with computer equipment, not shown. A single mating composite connector 16, while shown external to the case 12, is mounted within the opening 14 so that it is flush with the end 18 of the case 12. The mating composite connector 16 mates with a composite connector 20, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. FIGS. 2 and 3 show a partial cross-sectional view of an equipment rack 24 where the unit 10 is arranged to slide into the equipment rack along a pair of guide rails 26 until the two connectors mate when the unit is fully inserted into the rack. The composite connector 20 is secured to a back panel 28 by means of the studs 30, in the case of front mounting as shown in FIG. 2, or by means of the screws 32, in the case of back mounting as shown in FIG. 3. The effective difference between front and back mounting of the composite connector 20 will be explained below, however, the front mounting yields more benefits. FIG. 4 is illustrative of multiple units 10 vertically stacked in the rack 24, each being guided by a pair of guide rails 26. The top most unit 10 is shown with its mating composite connector 16 in mating engagement with the composite connector 20, while the other two units 10 are shown only partially inserted into the rack 24. 
     The composite connector 20, as best seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, includes a housing 40 comprising first and second clasping bodies 42 that are each of molded, unitary construction, fabricated from a structural polymer material. The clasping bodies 42 oppose each other and define therebetween multiple housing cavities 44. Individual connectors 46 are secured within the cavities 44 and include a smaller one of the connectors 46 between two larger ones of the connectors 46. Each of the larger connectors 46 is both longer front to rear and wider laterally side to side than the smaller one of the connectors 46. Each connector 46 is constructed with an insulating housing 48 with an external profile. Each of the cavities 44 conforms to and engages some of the surfaces of these external profiles. 
     The housing receiving cavities 44 have open front ends through which protrude front mating faces 52 of the connectors 46. The individual connectors 46 have front mating faces 52 with different profile shapes. The front mating faces 52 are aligned laterally, side to side. As best seen in FIG. 6 the connectors 46 are shown mounted in the housing receiving cavities 44 of one of the clasping bodies 42. Relatively wide sections 54 of at least two of the connectors 46 overlap one another laterally, side to side, as shown at 56 to achieve a compact width for the connector 20. The relatively wide sections are in tandem and are spaced apart front to rear. Pillars 58 on each clasping body 42 project toward the other clasping body. The pillars 58 on one clasping body 42 stack on the pillars of the other clasping body. The pillars 58 extend between and separate the spaced apart, relatively wide portions 54 of the connectors 46. One of the larger connectors 46 has lateral, protruding, wedge shaped panel locks 60, and the pillars 58 of the clasping bodies have internal, wedge shaped recesses 62 conformingly surrounding the panel locks 60. Front facing surfaces 64 on the pillars 58 overlap rear facing surfaces 66, as shown in FIG. 6, on the connector 46 to resist relative movement of the connectors 46 and the clasping bodies 42. Rear facing surfaces 68 on the pillars 58 overlap front facing surfaces 70 on the connectors 46 to resist relative movement of the connectors 46 and the clasping bodies 42. As shown in FIG. 5, multiple electrical contacts 72 in each housing 48, shown in one of the connectors 46, are adapted to connect to insulated conductors electrical cables 74, shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4. The housing receiving cavities 44 defined by the clasping bodies 42 have open rear ends 76 to admit such conductors. Each of the housing receiving cavities 44 is intersected by a transverse cable exit, or cutout 80, as best seen in FIGS. 2, 3, and 5, that permit insulated conductors to exit each or the cavities 44 of the composite connector 20 transversely of the front to rear direction. 
     The smaller one of the connectors 46 is shorter than the larger connectors 46. At least one of the clasping bodies 42 is constructed with a bipartite post 82 that supports the shorter one of the connectors 46. Rear facing surfaces on the post 82 overlap a front facing surface encircling the smaller one of the connectors 46 to prevent movement of such connector relative to the clasping members 42. The post 82 supports the shorter one of the connectors 46 in vertical alignment, while side to side movement is limited by the wall of the cavity 42 and the adjacent connector 44. The shorter one of the connectors 46 has a shroud free mating face 52. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, an open end channel 86 is on a pillar 58 of one of the clasping bodies 42. An elongated hook 88 is on the other one of the clasping bodies 42 projecting toward the open end of the channel 86. The hook 88 is adapted to hook into an undercut 90 in the floor of the channel 86, and thereby interlock the clasping bodies 42 together. The channel 86 and hook 88 comprise interlocked locking members on the clasping bodies 42, the locking members being in tandem front to rear with a relatively shorter one of the connectors 46. 
     Block form ends 92 of the clasping bodies 42 overlap one another front to rear. Apertures in the ends 42 are aligned, front to rear. Guide pins 94 extend through the apertures and the aligned ends 92 of the clasping members 42. The guide pins 94 project forward of the mating face 52, and are used as alignment guides to align the composite connector 20 with the mating composite connector 16. 
     While the housing 40, in the present example, is composed of a pair a clasping bodies 42, the teachings of the present invention may be advantagously utilized with a housing of unitary construction. Such a housing may include any suitable structure such as a one piece molded or cast part. 
     When mounting the composite connectors 20 on the front of the back panel, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, there is no need to form openings in the back panel for the cables that are terminated to the individual connectors 46 to exit. The cables 74 are simply terminated to their respective connector 20 in the usual manner and routed out of the connector via the cutout 80 so that the cable is substantially parallel to and against the back panel. This arrangement permits, so called, daisy chaining multiple composite connectors 20 to a common cable 74 where the units 10 will permit circuits to be paralleled, such as in the largest of the three connectors 46, in the present example. This results in a neat cabling arrangement that is easy to install and to maintain. Rear mounting of the composite connector 20 to the back panel, as shown in FIG. 3, requires that openings be provided in the back panel 28 so that the individual connectors 46 are accessible for mating with the mating composite connector 16 carried by the unit 10. However, in this case the cabling is still effected in the same manner as that of front mounting by exiting via the cutouts 80, substantially parallel with the back panel 28. 
     An important advantage of the present invention is that the composite connector may be mounted to a back panel without the need for openings in the panel for exit cable. With this arrangement daisy chaining is greatly facilitated, resulting in simpler cable routing with corresponding cost benefits. Additionally, the composite connector 20 of the present invention permits the use of multiple existing connectors in a group while avoiding alignment problems associated with the use of these connectors individually to mate with the mating composite connector 16.