Abstract:
A local area network using the telephone wiring within a residence or other building simultaneously with telephony signals. The local area network uses high pass filters to access the high-frequency band across the media, whereas the standard telephone service uses low pass filters to access the low-frequency voice/analog telephony band across the same media. The electrically-conducting media connecting telephone/data outlets are split, or separated at each outlet and the outlets are modified to provide access to both ends of the resulting segments. The low pass filters at each segment end join the segments together, allowing analog telephony signals to travel throughout the network, thus supporting normal telephone service. The high pass filters at each segment end are connected to modems or other Data Communication Equipment, thus supporting data communication networks of various topologies, including point-to-point topologies.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the field of wired communication systems, and, more specifically, to the networking of devices using telephone lines. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  shows the wiring configuration for a prior-art telephone system  10  for a residence or other building, wired with a telephone line  5 . Residence telephone line  5  consists of single wire pair which connects to a junction-box  16 , which in turn connects to a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)  18  via a cable  17 , terminating in a public switch  19 , apparatus which establishes and enables telephony from one telephone to another. The term “analog telephony” herein denotes traditional analog low-frequency audio voice signals typically under 3 KHz, sometimes referred to as “POTS” (“plain old telephone service”), whereas the term “telephony” in general denotes any kind of telephone service, including digital service such as Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). The term “high-frequency” herein denotes any frequency substantially above such analog telephony audio frequencies, such as that used for data. ISDN typically uses frequencies not exceeding 100 KHz (typically the energy is concentrated around 40 KHz). The term “telephone device” herein denotes, without limitation, any apparatus for telephony (including both analog telephony and ISDN), as well as any device using telephony signals, such as fax, voice-modem, and so forth. 
     Junction box  16  is used to separate the in-home circuitry from the PSTN and is used as a test facility for troubleshooting as well as for wiring new telephone outlets in the home. A plurality of telephones  13   a ,  13   b , and  13   c  connects to telephone line  5  via a plurality of outlets  11   a ,  11   b ,  11   c , and  11   d . Each outlet has a connector (often referred to as a “jack”), denoted in  FIG. 1  as  12   a ,  12   b ,  12   c , and  12   d , respectively. Each outlet may be connected to a telephone via a connector (often referred to as a “plug”), denoted in  FIG. 1  (for the three telephone illustrated) as  14   a ,  14   b , and  14   c , respectively. It is also important to note that lines  5   a ,  5   b ,  5   c ,  5   d , and  5   e  are electrically the same paired conductors. 
     There is a requirement for using the existing telephone infrastructure for both telephone and data networking. This would simplify the task of establishing a new local area network in a home or other building, because there would be no additional wires and outlets to install. U.S. Pat. No. 4,766,402 to Crane (hereinafter referred to as “Crane”) teaches a way to form a LAN over two wire telephone lines, but without the telephone service. 
     The concept of frequency domain/division multiplexing (FDM) is well-known in the art, and provides a means of splitting the bandwidth carried by a wire into a low-frequency band capable of carrying an analog telephony signal and a high-frequency band capable of carrying data communication or other signals. Such a mechanism is described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,785,448 to Reichert et al (hereinafter referred to as “Reichert”). Also is widely used are xDSL systems, primarily Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL) systems. 
     Relevant prior art in this field is also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,896,443 to Dichter (hereinafter referred to as “Dichter”). Dichter is the first to suggest a method and apparatus for applying such a technique for residence telephone wiring, enabling simultaneously carrying telephone and data communication signals. The Dichter network is illustrated in  FIG. 2 , which shows a network  20  serving both telephones and a local area network. Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) units  24   a ,  24   b  and  24   c  are connected to the local area network via Data Communication Equipment (DCE) units  23   a ,  23   b  and  23   c , respectively. Examples of Data Communication Equipment include modems, line drivers, line receivers, and transceivers. DCE units  23   a ,  23   b  and  23   c  are respectively connected to high pass filters (HPF)  22   a ,  22   b  and  22   c . The HPF&#39;s allow the DCE units access to the high-frequency band carried by telephone line  5 . In a first embodiment (not shown in FIG.  2 ), telephones  13   a ,  13   b  and  13   c  are directly connected to telephone line  5  via connectors  14   a ,  14   b  and  14   c , respectively. However, in order to avoid interference to the data network caused by the telephones, a second embodiment is suggested (shown in FIG.  2 ), wherein low pass filters (LPF&#39;s)  21   a ,  21   b  and  21   c  are added to isolate telephones  13   a ,  13   b  and  13   c  from telephone line  5 . Furthermore, a low pass filter must also be connected to Junction-Box  16 , in order to filter noises induced from or to the PSTN wiring  17 . As is the case in  FIG. 1 , it is important to note that lines  5   a ,  5   b ,  5   c ,  5   d  and  5   e  are electrically the same paired conductors. 
     The Dichter network suffers from degraded data communication performance, because of the following drawbacks:
         1. Induced noise in the band used by the data communication network is distributed throughout the network. The telephone line within a building serves as a long antenna, receiving electro-magnetic noise produced from outside the building or by local equipment such as air-conditioning systems, appliances, and so forth. Electrical noise in the frequency band used by the data communication network can be induced in the extremities of the telephone line  5  (line  5   e  or  5   a  in  FIG. 2 ) and propagated via the telephone line  5  throughout the whole system. This is liable to cause errors in the data transportation.   2. The wiring media consists of a single long wire (telephone line  5 ). In order to ensure a proper impedance match to this transmission-line, it is necessary to install terminators at each end of the telephone line  5 . One of the advantages of using the telephone infrastructure for a data network, however, is to avoid replacing the internal wiring. Thus, either such terminators must be installed at additional cost, or suffer the performance problems associated with an impedance mismatch.   3. In the case where LPF  21  is not fitted to the telephones  13 , each connected telephone appears as a non-terminated stub, and this is liable to cause undesirable signal reflections.   4. In one embodiment, an LPF  21  is to be attached to each telephone  13 . In such a configuration, an additional modification to the telephone itself is required. This further makes the implementation of such system complex and costly, and defeats the purpose of using an existing telephone line and telephone sets ‘as is’ for a data network.   5. The data communication network used in the Dichter network supports only the ‘bus’ type of data communication network, wherein all devices share the same physical media. Such topology suffers from a number of drawbacks, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,841,360 to the present inventor, which is incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein. Dichter also discloses drawbacks of the bus topology, including the need for bus mastering and logic to contend with the data packet collision problem. Topologies that are preferable to the bus topology include the Token-Ring (IEEE 803), the PSIC network according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,841,360, and other point-to-point networks known in the art (such as a serial point-to-point ‘daisy chain’ network). Such networks are in most cases superior to ‘bus’ topology systems.       

     The above drawbacks affect the data communication performance of the Dichter network, and therefore limit the total distance and the maximum data rate such a network can support. In addition, the Dichter network typically requires a complex and therefore costly transceiver to support the data communication system. While the Reichert network relies on a star topology and does not suffer from these drawbacks of the bus topology, the star topology also has disadvantages. First, the star topology requires a complex and costly hub module, whose capacity limits the capacity of the network. Furthermore, the star configuration requires that there exist wiring from every device on the network to a central location, where the hub module is situated. This may be impractical and/or expensive to achieve, especially in the case where the wiring of an existing telephone system is to be utilized. The Reichert network is intended for use only in offices where a central telephone connection point already exists. Moreover, the Reichert network requires a separate telephone line for each separate telephone device, and this, too, may be impractical and/or expensive to achieve. 
     There is thus a widely-recognized need for, and it would be highly advantageous to have, a means for implementing a data communication network using existing telephone lines of arbitrary topology, which continues to support analog telephony while also allowing for improved communication characteristics by supporting a point-to-point topology network. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a method and apparatus for using the telephone line wiring system within residence or other building for both analog telephony service and a local area data network featuring a serial “daisy chained” or other arbitrary topology. First, the regular outlets are modified or substituted to allow splitting of the telephone line having two wires into segments such that each segment connecting two outlets is fully separated from all other segments. Each segment has two ends, to which various devices, other segments, and so forth, may be connected. A low pass filter is connected in series to each end of the segment, thereby forming a low-frequency path between the external ports of the low pass filters, utilizing the low-frequency band. Similarly, a high pass filter is connected in series to each end of the segment, thereby forming a high-frequency path between the external ports of the high pass filters, utilizing the high-frequency band. The bandwidth carried by the segments is thereby split into non-overlapping frequency bands, and the distinct paths can be interconnected via the high pass filters and low pass filters as coupling and isolating devices to form different paths. Depending on how the devices and paths are selectively connected, these paths may be simultaneously different for different frequencies. A low-frequency band is allocated to regular telephone service (analog telephony), while a high-frequency band is allocated to the data communication network. In the low-frequency (analog telephony) band, the wiring composed of the coupled low-frequency paths appears as a normal telephone line, in such a way that the low-frequency (analog telephony) band is coupled among all the segments and is accessible to telephone devices at any outlet, whereas the segments may remain individually isolated in the high-frequency (data) band, so that in this data band the communication media, if desired, can appear to be point-to-point (such as a serialized “daisy chain”) from one outlet to the next. The term “low pass filter” herein denotes any device that passes signals in the low-frequency (analog telephony) band but blocks signals in the high-frequency (data) band. Conversely, the term “high pass filter” herein denotes any device that passes signals in the high-frequency (data) band but blocks signals in the low-frequency (analog telephony) band. The term “data device” herein denotes any apparatus that handles digital data, including without limitation modems, transceivers, Data Communication Equipment, and Data Terminal Equipment. 
     A network according to the present invention allows the telephone devices to be connected as in a normal telephone installation (i.e., in parallel over the telephone lines), but can be configured to virtually any desired topology for data transport and distribution, as determined by the available existing telephone line wiring and without being constrained to any predetermined data network topology. Moreover, such a network offers the potential for the improved data transport and distribution performance of a point-to-point network topology, while still allowing a bus-type data network topology in all or part of the network if desired. This is in contrast to the prior art, which constrains the network topology to a predetermined type. 
     A network according to the present invention may be used advantageously when connected to external systems and networks, such as xDSL, ADSL, as well as the Internet. 
     In a first embodiment, the high pass filters are connected in such a way to create a virtual ‘bus’ topology for the high-frequency band, allowing for a local area network based on DCE units or transceivers connected to the segments via the high pass filters. In a second embodiment, each segment end is connected to a dedicated modem, hence offering a serial point-to-point daisy chain network. In all embodiments of the present invention, DTE units or other devices connected to the DCE units can communicate over the telephone line without interfering with, or being affected by, simultaneous analog telephony service. Unlike prior-art networks, the topology of a network according to the present invention is not constrained to a particular network topology determined in advance, but can be adapted to the configuration of an existing telephone line installation. Moreover, embodiments of the present invention that feature point-to-point data network topologies exhibit the superior performance characteristics that such topologies offer over the bus network topologies of the prior art, such as the Dichter network and the Crane network. 
     Therefore, according to the present invention there is provided a network for telephony and data communication including: (a) at least one electrically-conductive segment containing at least two distinct electrical conductors operative to conducting a low-frequency telephony band and at least one high-frequency data band, each of the segments having a respective first end and a respective second end; (b) a first low pass filter connected in series to the respective first end of each of the segments, for establishing a low-frequency path for the low-frequency telephony band; (c) a second low pass filter connected in series to the respective second end of each of the segments, for establishing a low-frequency path for the low-frequency telephony band; (d) a first high pass filter connected in series to the respective first end of each of the segments, for establishing a high-frequency path for the at least one high-frequency data band; (e) a second high pass filter connected in series to the respective second end of each of the segments, for establishing a high-frequency path for the at least one high-frequency data band; and (f) at least two outlets each operative to connecting at least one telephone device to at least one of the low-frequency paths, and at least two of the at least two outlets being operative to connecting at least one data device to at least one of the high-frequency paths; wherein each of the segments electrically connects two of the outlets; and each of the outlets that is connected to more than one of the segments couples the low-frequency telephony band among each of the connected segments. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In order to understand the invention and to see how the same may-be carried out in practice, some preferred embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1  shows a common prior art telephone line wiring configuration for a residence or other building. 
         FIG. 2  shows a prior art local area network based on telephone line wiring for a residence or other building. 
         FIG. 3  shows modifications to telephone line wiring according to the present invention for a local area network. 
         FIG. 4  shows modifications to telephone line wiring according to the present invention, to support regular telephone service operation. 
         FIG. 5  shows a splitter according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  shows a local area network based on telephone lines according to the present invention, wherein the network supports two devices at adjacent outlets. 
         FIG. 7  shows a first embodiment of a local area network based on telephone lines according to the present invention, wherein the network supports two devices at non-adjacent outlets. 
         FIG. 8  shows a second embodiment of a local area network based on telephone lines according to the present invention, wherein the network supports three devices at adjacent outlets. 
         FIG. 9  shows third embodiment of a local area network based on telephone lines according to the present invention, wherein the network is a bus type network. 
         FIG. 10  shows a node of local area network based on telephone lines according to the present invention. 
         FIG. 11  shows a fourth embodiment of a local area network based on telephone lines according to the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The principles and operation of a network according to the present invention may be understood with reference to the drawings and the accompanying description. The drawings and descriptions are conceptual only. In actual practice, a single component can implement one or more functions; alternatively each function can be implemented by a plurality of components and circuits. In the drawings and descriptions, identical reference numerals indicate those components which are common to different embodiments or configurations. 
     The basic concept of the invention is shown in  FIG. 3. A  network  30  is based on modified telephone outlets  31   a ,  31   b ,  31   c  and  31   d . The modification relates to wiring changes at the outlets and substituting the telephone connectors, shown as connectors  32   a ,  32   b ,  32   c  and  32   d  in outlets  31   a ,  31   b ,  31   c  and  31   d  respectively. No changes are required in the overall telephone line layout or configuration. The wiring is changed by separating the wires at each outlet into distinct segments of electrically-conducting media. Thus, each segment connecting two outlets can be individually accessed from either end. In the prior art Dichter network, the telephone wiring is not changed, and is continuously conductive from junction box  16  throughout the system. According to the present invention, the telephone line is broken into electrically distinct isolated segments  15   a ,  15   b ,  15   c ,  15   d  and  15   e , each of which connects two outlets. In order to fully access the media, each of connectors  32   a ,  32   b ,  32   c  and  32   d  must support four connections, two in each segment. This modification to the telephone line can be carried out by replacing each of the outlets  31   a ,  31   b ,  31   c  and  31   d , replacing only the connectors  32   a ,  32   b ,  32   c  and  32   d , or simply by cutting the telephone line wiring at the outlet. As will be explained later, these modifications need be performed only to those outlets which connect to data network devices, but are recommended at all other outlets. A minimum of two outlets must be modified, enabling data communication between those outlets only. 
       FIG. 4  shows how a network  40  of the present invention continues to support the regular telephone service, by the installation of jumpers  41   a ,  41   b ,  41   c  and  41   d  in modified outlets  31   a ,  31   b ,  31   c  and  31   d  respectively. At each outlet where they are installed, the jumpers connect both segment ends and allow telephone connection to the combined segment. Installation of a jumper effects a re-connection of the split telephone line at the point of installation. Installation of jumpers at all outlets would reconstruct the prior art telephone line configuration as shown in FIG.  1 . Such jumpers can be add-ons to the outlets, integrated within the outlets, or integrated into a separate module. Alternately, a jumper can be integrated within a telephone set, as part of connector  14 . The term “jumper” herein denotes any device for selectively coupling or isolating the distinct segments in a way that is not specific to the frequency band of the coupled or isolated signals. Jumper  41  can be implemented with a simple electrical connection between the connection points of connector  32  and the external connection of the telephone. 
     As described above, jumpers  41  are to be installed in all outlets which are not required for connection to the data communication network. Those outlets which are required to support data communication connections, however, will not use jumper  41  but rather a splitter  50 , shown in FIG.  5 . Such a splitter connects to both segments in each modified outlet  31  via connector  32 , using a port  54  for a first connection and a port  55  for a second connection. Splitter  50  has two LPF&#39;s for maintaining the continuity of the audio/telephone low-frequency band. After low pass filtering by LPF  51   a  for the port  54  and LPF  51   b  for port  55 , the analog telephony signals are connected together and connected to a telephone connector  53 . Hence, from the point of view of the telephone signal, the splitter  50  provides the same continuity and telephone access provided by the jumper  41 . On the other hand, the data communication network employs the high-frequency band, access to which is made via HPF&#39;s  52   a  and  52   b . HPF  52   a  is connected to port  54  and HPF  52   b  is connected to port  55 . The high pass filtered signals are not passed from port  54  to port  55 , but are kept separate, and are routed to a connector  56  and a connector  57 , respectively. The term “splitter” herein denotes any device for selectively coupling or isolating the distinct segments that is specific to the frequency band of the coupled or isolated signals. 
     Therefore, when installed in an outlet, the splitter  50  serves two functions. With respect to the low-frequency analog telephony band, splitter  50  establishes a coupling to effect the prior-art configuration shown in  FIG. 1 , wherein all telephone devices in the premises are connected virtually in parallel via the telephone line, as if the telephone line were not broken into segments. On the other hand, with respect to the high-frequency data communication network, splitter  50  establishes electrical isolation to effect the configuration shown in  FIG. 3 , wherein the segments are separated, and access to each segment end is provided by the outlets. With the use of splitters, the telephone system and the data communication network are actually decoupled, with each supporting a different topology. 
       FIG. 6  shows a first embodiment of a data communication network  60  between two DTE units  24   a  and  24   b , connected to adjacent outlets  31   b  and  31   c , which are connected together via a single segment  15   c . Splitters  50   a  and  50   b  are connected to outlets  31   b  and  31   c  via connectors  32   b  and  32   c , respectively. As explained above, the splitters allow transparent audio/telephone signal connection. Thus, for analog telephony, the telephone line remains virtually unchanged, allowing access to telephone external, connection  17  via junction box  16  for telephones  13   a  and  13   c . Likewise, telephone  13   b  connected via connector  14   b  to a connector  53   a  on splitter  50   a , is also connected to the telephone line. In a similar way, an additional telephone can be added to outlet  31   c  by connecting the telephone to connector  53   b  on splitter  50   b . It should be clear that connecting a telephone to an outlet, either via jumper  41  or via splitter  50  does not affect the data communication network. 
     Network  60  ( FIG. 6 ) supports data communication by providing a communication path between port  57   a  of splitter  50   a  and port  56   b  of splitter  50   b . Between these ports there exists a point-to-point connection for the high-frequency portion of the signal spectrum, as determined by HPF  52   a  and  52   b  within splitters  50  (FIG.  5 ). This path can be used to establish a communication link between DTE units  24   a  and  24   b , by means of DCE units  23   a  and  23   b , which are respectively connected to ports  57   a  and  56   b . The communication between DTE units  24   a  and  24   b  can be unidirectional, half-duplex, or full-duplex. The only limitation imposed on the communication system is the capability to use the high-frequency portion of the spectrum of segment  15   c . As an example, the implementation of data transmission over a telephone line point-to-point system described in Reichert can also be used in network  60 . Reichert implements both LPF and HPF by means of a transformer with a capacitor connected in the center-tap, as is well known in the art. Similarly, splitter  50  can be easily implemented by two such circuits, one for each side. 
     It should also be apparent that HPF  52   a  in splitter  50   a  and HPF  52   b  in splitter  50   b  can be omitted, because neither port  56   a  in splitter  50   a  nor port  57   b  in splitter  50   b  is connected. 
     Network  60  provides clear advantages over the networks described in hitherto-proposed networks. First, the communication media supports point-to-point connections, which are known to be superior to multi-tap (bus) connections for communication performance. In addition, terminators can be used within each splitter or DCE unit, providing a superior match to the transmission line characteristics. Furthermore, no taps (drops) exists in the media, thereby avoiding impedance matching problems and the reflections that result therefrom. 
     Moreover, the data communication system in network  60  is isolated from noises from both the network and the ‘left’ part of the telephone network (Segments  15   a  and  15   b ), as well as noises induced from the ‘right’ portion of the network (Segments  15   d  and  15   e ). Such isolation is not provided in any prior-art implementation. Dichter suggests installation of a low pass filter in the junction box, which is not a satisfactory solution since the junction box is usually owned by the telephone service provider and cannot always be accessed. Furthermore, safety issues such as isolation, lightning protection, power-cross and other issues are involved in such a modification. 
     Implementing splitter  50  by passive components only, such as two transformers and two center-tap capacitors, is also advantageous, since the reliability of the telephone service will not be degraded, even in the case of failure in any DCE unit, and furthermore requires no external power. This accommodates a ‘life-line’ function, which provides for continuous telephone service even in the event of other system malfunction (e.g. electrical failures). 
     The splitter  50  can be integrated into outlet  31 . In such a case, outlets equipped with splitter  50  will have two types of connectors: One regular telephone connector based on port  53 , and one or two connectors providing access to ports  56  and  57  (a single quadruple-circuit connector or two double-circuit connectors). Alternatively, splitter  50  can be an independent module attached as an add-on to outlet  31 . In another embodiment, the splitter is included as part of DCE  23 . However, in order for network  60  to operate properly, either jumper  41  or splitter  50  must be employed in outlet  31  as modified in order to split connector  32  according to the present invention, allowing the retaining of regular telephone service. 
       FIG. 7  also shows data communication between two DTE units  24   a  and  24   b  in a network  70 . However, in the case of network  70 , DTE units  24   a  and  24   b  are located at outlets  31   b  and  31   d , which are not directly connected, but have an additional outlet  31   c  interposed therebetween. Outlet  31   c  is connected to outlet  31   b  via a segment  15   c , and to outlet  31   d  via a segment  15   d.    
     In one embodiment of network  70 , a jumper (not shown, but similar to jumper  41  in  FIG. 4 ) is connected to a connector  32   c  in outlet  31   c . The previous discussion regarding the splitting of the signal spectrum also applies here, and allows for data transport between DTE units  24   a  and  24   b  via the high-frequency portion of the spectrum across segments  15   c  and  15   d . When only jumper  41  is connected at outlet  31   c , the same point-to-point performance as previously discussed can be expected; the only influence on communication performance is from the addition of segment  15   d , which extends the length of the media and hence leads to increased signal attenuation. Some degradation, however, can also be expected when a telephone is connected to jumper  41  at outlet  31   c . Such degradation can be the result of noise produced by the telephone in the high-frequency data communication band, as well as the result of the addition of a tap caused by the telephone connection, which usually has a non-matched termination. Those problems can be overcome by installing a low pass filter in the telephone. 
     In a preferred embodiment of network  70 , a splitter  50   b  is installed in outlet  31   c . Splitter  50   b  provides the LPF functionality, and allows for connecting a telephone via connector  53   b . However, in order to allow for continuity in data communication, there must be a connection between the circuits in connectors  56   b  and  57   b . Such a connection is obtained by a jumper  71 , as shown in FIG.  7 . Installation of splitter  50   b  and jumper  71  provides good communication performance, similar to network  60  (FIG.  6 ). From this discussion of a system wherein there is only one unused outlet between the outlets to which the DTE units are connected, it should be clear that the any number of unused outlets between the outlets to which the DTE units are connected can be handled in the same manner. 
     For the purpose of the foregoing discussions, only two communicating DTE units have been described. However, the present invention can be easily applied to any number of DTE units.  FIG. 8  illustrates a network  80  supporting three DTE units  24   a ,  24   b  and  24   c , connected thereto via DCE units  23   a ,  23   b  and  23   c , respectively. The structure of network  80  is the same as that of network  70  (FIG.  7 ), with the exception of the substitution of jumper  71  with a jumper  81 . Jumper  81  makes a connection between ports  56   b  and  57   b  in the same way as does jumper  71 . However, in a manner similar to that of jumper  41  (FIG.  4 ), jumper  81  further allows for an external connection to the joined circuits, allowing the connection of external unit, such as a DCE unit  23   c . In this way, segments  15   c  and  15   d  appear electrically-connected for high-frequency signals, and constitute media for a data communication network connecting DTE units  24   a ,  24   b  and  24   c . Obviously, this configuration can be adapted to any number of outlets and DTE units. In fact, any data communication network which supports a ‘bus’ or multi-point connection over two-conductor media, and which also makes use of the higher-frequency part of the spectrum can be used. In addition, the discussion and techniques explained in the Dichter patent are equally applicable here. Some networks, such as Ethernet IEEE 802.3 interface 10BaseT and 100BaseTX, require a four-conductor connection, two conductors (usually single twisted-wire pair) for transmitting, and two conductors (usually another twisted-wire pair) for receiving. As is known in the art, a four-to-two wires converter (commonly known as hybrid) can be used to convert the four wires required into two, thereby allowing network data transport over telephone lines according to the present invention. 
     As with jumper  41  (FIG.  4 ), jumper  81  can be an integral part of splitter  50 , an integral part of DCE  23 , or a separate component. 
     In order to simplify the installation and operation of a network, it is beneficial to use the same equipment in all parts of the network. One such embodiment supporting this approach is shown in for a set of three similar outlets in  FIG. 8 , illustrating network  80 . In network  80 , outlets  31   b ,  31   c , and  31   d  are similar and are all used as part of the data communication network. Therefore for uniformity, these outlets are all coupled to splitters  50   a ,  50   b , and  50   c  respectively, to which jumpers are attached, such as a jumper  81  attached to splitter  50   b  (the corresponding jumpers attached to splitter  50   a  and splitter  50   c  have been omitted from  FIG. 8  for clarity), and thus provide connections to local DCE units  23   a ,  23   c , and  23   b , respectively. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, all outlets in the building will be modified to include both splitter  50  and jumper  81  functionalities. Each such outlet will provide two connectors: one connector coupled to port  53  for a telephone connection, and the other connector coupled to jumper  81  for a DCE connection. 
     In yet another embodiment, DCE  23  and splitter  50  are integrated into the housing of outlet  31 , thereby offering a direct DTE connection. In a preferred embodiment, a standard DTE interface is employed. 
     In most ‘bus’ type networks, it is occasionally required to split the network into sections, and connect the sections via repeaters (to compensate for long cabling), via bridges (to decouple each section from the others), or via routers. This may also be done according to the present invention, as illustrated in  FIG. 9  for a network  90 , which employs a repeater/bridge/router unit  91 . Unit  91  can perform repeating, bridging, routing, or any other function associated with a split between two or more networks. As illustrated, a splitter  50   b  is coupled to an outlet  31   c , in a manner similar to the other outlets and splitters of network  90 . However, at splitter  50   b , no jumper is employed. Instead, a repeater/bridge/router unit  91  is connected between port  56   b  and port  57   b , thereby providing a connection between separate parts of network  90 . Optionally, unit  91  can also provide an interface to DTE  24   c  for access to network  90 . 
       FIG. 9  also demonstrates the capability of connecting to external DTE units or networks, via a high pass filter  92  connected to a line  15   a . Alternatively, HPF  92  can be installed in junction box  16 . HPF  92  allows for additional external units to access network  90 . As shown in  FIG. 9 , HPF  92  is coupled to a DCE unit  93 , which in turn is connected to a network  94 . In this configuration, the local data communication network in the building becomes part of network  94 . In one embodiment, network  94  offers ADSL service, thereby allowing the DTE units  24   d ,  24   a ,  24   c  and  24   b  within the building to communicate with the ADSL network. The capability of communicating with external DTE units or networks is equally applicable to all other embodiments of the present invention, but for clarity is omitted from the other drawings. 
     While the foregoing relates to data communication networks employing bus topology, the present invention can also support networks where the physical layer is distinct within each communication link. Such a network can be a Token-Passing or Token-Ring network according to IEEE 802, or preferably a PSIC network as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,841,360 to the present inventor, which details the advantages of such a topology.  FIG. 10  illustrates a node  100  for implementing such a network. Node  100  employs two modems  103   a  and  103   b , which handle the communication physical layer. Modems  103   a  and  103   b  are independent, and couple to dedicated communication links  104   a  and  104   b , respectively. Node  100  also features a DTE interface  101  for connecting to a DTE unit (not shown). A control and logic unit  102  manages the higher OSI layers of the data communication above the physical layer, processing the data to and from a connected DTE and handling the network control. Detailed discussion about such node  100  and the functioning thereof can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,841,360 and other sources known in the art. 
       FIG. 11  describes a network  110  containing nodes  100   d ,  100   a ,  100   b  and  100   c  coupled directly to splitters  50   d ,  50   a ,  50   b  and  50   c , which in turn are coupled to outlets  31   a ,  31   b ,  31   c  and  31   d  respectively. Each node  100  has access to the corresponding splitter  50  via two pairs of contacts, one of which is to connector  56  and the other of which is to connector  57 . In this way, for example, node  100   a  has independent access to both segment  15   b  and segment  15   c . This arrangement allows building a network connecting DTE units  24   d ,  24   a ,  24   b  and  24   c  via nodes  100   d ,  100   a ,  100   b  and  100   c , respectively. 
     For clarity, telephones are omitted from  FIGS. 9 and 11 , but it will be clear that telephones can be connected or removed without affecting the data communication network. Telephones can be connected as required via connectors  53  of splitters  50 . In general, according to the present invention, a telephone can be connected without any modifications either to a splitter  50  (as in  FIG. 8 ) or to a jumper  41  (as in FIG.  4 ). 
     Furthermore, although the present invention has so far been described with a single DTE connected to a single outlet, multiple DTE units can be connected to an outlet, as long as the corresponding node or DCE supports the requisite number of connections. Moreover, access to the communication media can be available for plurality of users using multiplexing techniques known in the art. In the case of time domain/division multiplexing (TDM) the whole bandwidth is dedicated to a specific user during a given time interval. In the case of frequency domain/division multiplexing (FDM), a number of users can share the media simultaneously, each using different non-overlapping portions of the frequency spectrum. 
     In addition to the described data communication purposes, a network according to the present invention can be used for control (e.g. home automation), sensing, audio, or video applications, and the communication can also utilize analog signals (herein denoted by the term “analog communication”). For example, a video signal can be transmitted in analog form via the network. 
     While the present invention has been described in terms of outlets which have only two connections and therefore can connect only to two other outlets (i.e., in a serial, or “daisy chain” configuration), the concept can also be extended to three or more connections. In such a case, each additional connecting telephone line must be broken at the outlet, with connections made to the conductors thereof, in the same manner as has been described and illustrated for two segments. A splitter for such a multi-segment application should use one low pass filter and one high pass filter for each segment connection. 
     The present invention has also been described in terms of media having a single pair of wires, but can also be applied for more conductors. For example, ISDN employs two pairs for communication. Each pair can be used individually for a data communication network as described above. 
     Also as explained above, an outlet  31  according to the invention ( FIG. 3 ) has a connector  32  having at least four connection points. As an option, jumper  41  (FIG.  4 ), splitter  50  (FIG.  5 ), or splitter  50  with jumper  81  (FIG.  8 ), low pass filters, high pass filters, or other additional hardware may also be integrated or housed internally within outlet  31 . Alternatively, these devices may be external to the outlet. Moreover, the outlet may contain standard connectors for devices, such as DTE units. In one embodiment, only passive components are included within the outlet. For example, splitter  50  can have two transformers and two capacitors (or an alternative implementation consisting of passive components). In another embodiment, the outlet may contain active, power-consuming components. Three options can be used for providing power to such circuits:
         1. Local powering: In this option, supply power is fed locally to each power-consuming outlet. Such outlets must be modified to support connection for input power.   2. Telephone power: In both POTS and ISDN telephone networks, power is carried in the lines with the telephone signals. This power can also be used for powering the outlet circuits, as long as the total power consumption does not exceed the POTS/ISDN system specifications. Furthermore, in some POTS systems the power consumption is used for OFF-HOOK/ON-HOOK signaling. In such a case, the network power consumption must not interfere with the telephone logic.   3. Dedicated power carried in the media: In this option, power for the data communication related components is carried in the communication media. For example, power can be distributed using 5 kHz signal. This frequency is beyond the telephone signal bandwidth, and thus does not interfere with the telephone service. The data communication bandwidth, however, be above this 5 kHz frequency, again ensuring that there is no interference between power and signals.       

     While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, it will be appreciated that many variations, modifications and other applications of the invention may be made.