Abstract:
The vehicle of the present invention, which has doors that lock and is moved, based on personal identification, comprises: a device for preventing moving of the vehicle based on the personal identification when receiving a return instruction from a vehicle user; and a device for allowing only the operation of the doors for a predetermined period of time after the return instruction.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a vehicle and a vehicle return/retrieval control system in which doors are locked/unlocked and a main switch is turned on/off by means of an IC card, and, in particular, to a control system for returning and retrieving a vehicle which allows a user to leave the vehicle outside a specified return area, and which can smoothly retrieve the vacated vehicle. 
   This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 11-127788, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   Recently, environmental issues have been highlighted, and to reduce air pollution and traffic congestion, techniques have been proposed for using shared electric vehicles in a specified region. The techniques for using the shared vehicles require ports (parking lots) for renting and returning the shared vehicles. Users who have rented the vehicles can return the vehicles to the nearest ports. Until the vehicle is returned, a charge is assessed for the vehicles, depending on utilization times, driving distances, etc. 
   When the return of the vehicles is restricted to the ports, users must drive to the ports even if the users wishes to leave the vehicles on urgent business. If the users may leave the vehicles, which have been rented, on urgent business, a charge will be assessed for the vacated vehicles, and the cost to the vehicle user is increased. 
   To prevent a person other than the vehicle user from using the vehicle, a personal identification may be employed to allow only one vehicle user to lock or unlock vehicle doors and to drive the vehicle. In this case, when the user leaves the vehicle without canceling the personal identifications, even a retrieval agent cannot retrieve the vehicles. 
   BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle and a control system for returning and retrieving the same which allows a user to leave the vehicle outside a specified return area for shared vehicles, and which can reliably retrieve the vacated vehicle. 
   In order to accomplish the above object, the vehicle ( 1 ) which has doors that lock, and which is moved, based on personal identification, comprises: a device for preventing moving of the vehicle based on personal identification when receiving a return instruction from a vehicle user (U); and a device for allowing only the operation of the doors for a predetermined period of time after the return instruction. 
   According to this construction, when a user sends an instruction to return the vehicle outside a predetermined return area, e.g., to leave the vehicle, the driving of the vehicle based on the personal identification is prevented, and the vehicle cannot be moved from the point where the vehicle has been returned. Further, because only the operation of the doors is allowed for a predetermined period of time, the user can unhurriedly unload baggage when getting off the vehicle, and this is convenient for the vehicle user. 
   In the control system for returning and retrieving a vehicle, a return instruction is sent from the vehicle to a control device, and the control device sends a signal for canceling the personal identification. 
   According to this construction, when the vehicle user sends the return instruction to the control device, the user&#39;s intention to leave the vehicle is reliably sent to the control device. Because the control device cancels the personal identification, the invention can avoid the problem that the personal identification of the vehicle user remains. 
   Then the control device sends another different personal identification together with the signal for canceling the personal identification, and replaces the personal identification with the different personal identification. 
   By replacing the personal identification with another personal identification of, e.g., a retrieval agent, the vacated vehicle can be easily retrieved by the agent. When the personal identification is replaced with the personal identification of the retrieval agent, the retrieval can be more properly carried out than in the case in which a master key which allows any retrieval agent to retrieve the vehicle is used. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram showing the entire construction of the shared vehicle system of the embodiment according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a diagram showing the construction of the vehicle of the embodiment according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 3  is a flowchart showing the entire process of the embodiment according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 4  is a flowchart showing the process for leaving and retrieving the vehicle of the embodiment according to the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   In  FIGS. 1 and 2 , reference numeral  1  denotes an electric vehicle (hereinafter referred to simply as a vehicle). The vehicle  1  is not limited to an electric vehicle, and may be a gasoline vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle. The vehicle  1  drives between ports P which are parking lots for a number of vehicles. The vehicle  1  is capable of performing road to vehicle communication with a control device  2 . The road to vehicle communication means the communication between the vehicle and the control device, and may be another type of radio communication. A user terminal  3  for renting and returning the vehicle  1 , and an agent terminal  4  are connected to the control device  2 . 
   When renting the vehicle  1 , a vehicle user U allows the user terminal  3  to read information from a registered IC card, and then a rental procedure is started. The control device  2  transmits this information to the rental vehicle  1  via the road to vehicle communication. The vehicle user U unlocks a door using the IC card, turns on a main switch  5 , and drives out of the port P. 
   To return the vehicle  1 , when the user arrives at the port P, he turns off the main switch  5 , receives the ejected IC card, locks the door using the IC card, and allows the user terminal  3  of the port P to read the information from the IC card, and then a return procedure is started. The control device  2  transmits via the road to vehicle communication an instruction to the vehicle  1 , which is to be returned, to clear the ID, which makes the vehicle  1  rentable. 
   When the vehicle  1  is left outside the port P, the control device  2  starts the return procedure in response to a return instruction from a phone  6  in the rented vehicle  1 . 
   At the same time, a contact agent M sends an instruction to a retrieval agent K, and then the retrieval agent K starts to retrieve the vehicle  1 . 
     FIG. 2  shows the construction of the vehicle  1 . The vehicle  1  includes a card ID management unit  7  for the IC card. An ID storage device  8  is connected to the card ID management unit  7 . The card ID management unit  7  receives information from the control device  2  via a vehicle communicator  10  and a vehicle communication antenna  9 . A door antenna  11  inputs door-lock or -unlock information via an ID receiver  12  to the card ID management unit  7 . This input information also includes information from a card ID reader  13  and the main switch  5 . The card ID management unit  7  outputs signals to a card inserting/ejecting controller  14 , a door lock mechanism  15 , a main power controller  16 , an audio output device  17 , and a power window  18 . 
   The card ID management unit  7  operates as follows. When the ID stored in the ID storage device  8  and the ID received by the door antenna  11  are identical, the door lock mechanism  15  unlocks the door. Further, when the ID stored in the ID storage device  8  and the ID input from the card ID reader  13  are identical, and when the main switch  5  is turned on, and the main power controller  16  turns on the main power. When the main switch  5  is turned off, the card inserting/ejecting controller  14  is turned on, and the IC card is ejected. 
   The entire process will be explained with reference to a flowchart of  FIG. 3 . 
   When the vehicle user U wishes to leave the vehicle  1  for some reason, he notifies to the control device  2  in a center via the on-vehicle phone  6  that he is going to leave the vehicle in step S 10 . In step S 11 , the control device  2  in the center instructs the units in the vehicle  1  via the road to vehicle communication to enter a forced return mode. Thus, the control device  2  is reliably informed of the intention of the vehicle user U, and the following procedure can be smoothly performed. 
   In the next step S 12 , the control device  2  in the center transmits the ID of the retrieval agent K via the road to vehicle communication. Then, in step S 13 , the card ID management unit  7  ejects the card, and in the next step S 14  the main power controller  16  prohibits the main switch  5  from being turned on. Therefore, when the vehicle user U tries to move the vehicle  1 , the main switch  5  cannot be turned on, and the vehicle cannot be moved. 
   In step S 15 , a timer is started. This timer gives grace time of five minutes so that the vehicle user U can unload baggage. After the timer is set, in step S 16  the audio output device  17  provide voice information such as “the door will be locked in ◯◯ minutes.” Then, in step S 17 , after the timer set time has passed, the user ID is deleted. In step S 18 , the door is locked (at the same time, door windows are closed), and in step S 19  the ID of the retrieval agent K is set. Because the previous ID has been replaced with the ID of the retrieval agent K, others as well as the previous vehicle user U cannot use the vehicle  1  until the retrieval agent K reaches the vehicle. 
   Next, the process for retrieval carried out within the vehicle  1  according to the information transmitted from the control device  2  will be explained with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
   In step S 21 , it is determined whether a door lock timer is counting. When the timer is counting, an instruction from the control device  2  is received in step S 22 , and it is determined in step S 23  whether the instruction received in step S 22  is an instruction to clear the ID or not. When in step S 23  the determination is “YES”, that is, when it is an instruction to clear the ID, the ID information which has been stored in step S 24  is cleared, and the process is completed. When in step S 23  the determination is “NO”, that is, when it is not an instruction to clear the ID, the flow proceeds to step S 25 , and then it is determined whether the instruction in step S 22  is an instruction to set the ID or not. 
   When in step S 25  the determination is “YES”, that is, when it is an instruction to set the ID, the flow proceeds to step S 26 , and then the received ID is stored, and the process is completed. When in step S 25  the determination is “NO”, that is, when it is not an instruction to set the ID, the flow proceeds to step S 31 . 
   In step S 31 , it is determined whether the instruction received in step S 22  is an instruction to forcibly return the vehicle or not. When in step S 31  the determination is “NO”, that is, when it is not an instruction to forcibly return the vehicle, the process is completed. When in step S 31  the determination is “YES”, the ID card is ejected in step S 32 , the main switch  5  is turned off in step S 33 , and the main switch  5  is prohibited from turning on in step S 34 . Because the main switch  5  has been turned off, when the previous vehicle user U tries to move the vehicle  1 , the vehicle  1  cannot be moved, and stays at the same place until the retrieval of the vehicle. 
   In step S 35 , the door lock timer is started, and a window closing timer is started in step S 36 . Then, in step S 37  the ID of the retrieval agent received in step S 37  is provisionally stored, in step S 38  the audio output device  17  provides a guidance informing that the door will be locked, and the process is completed. 
   When in step S 21  the door lock timer has finished counting, in step S 27  the user ID is cleared, in step S 28  the door is locked, in step S 29  the received ID of the retrieval agent K is stored in the ID storage device  8 , the flow then proceeds to step S 30 , in step S 30  the main switch is permitted to be turned on, and the process is completed. 
   According to the embodiment, when the vehicle user U leaves the vehicle  1  outside the port P, the user simply has to make a call using the phone  6  to return the vehicle  1 , and this is convenient for the vehicle user U. Once the vehicle user U has contacted the control device, the vehicle user U cannot use and move the vehicle  1 . 
   Therefore, when retrieving the vehicle  1 , the present invention avoids a situation in which the vehicle  1  is moved from the point where the vehicle  1  has been returned and cannot be found. Further, because the door lock timer and the window closing timer give a certain amount of grace time until the door windows are closed and the vehicle  1  is locked, the user can unhurriedly get off the vehicle and unload baggage. 
   Further, the procedure from the notification of leaving the vehicle  1  using the phone  6  to the retrieval of the vehicle  1  by the retrieval agent K can be smoothly carried out. Therefore, the invention prevents the problem that the ID of the previous vehicle user remains and impedes the retrieval of the vehicle  1 . Because, when retrieving the vehicle  1 , the individual ID of the retrieval agent K has been set, the retrieval can be more properly carried out than the case in which a master key, which allows any retrieval agent to retrieve the vehicle, is used. 
   The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may also be embodied in the following embodiments. In the second embodiment, a plurality of ignition keys for the rentable vehicles are accommodated in a key box, and a key manager allows only the ignition key, corresponding to the ID of the user, to be taken out when renting the vehicle. The third embodiment employs a key locker system, in a manner similar to an unmanned rental car, in which a plurality of ignition keys for the rentable vehicles are accommodated in respective key lockers, and only the key locker, corresponding to the ID of the user, can be opened to allow the user to use the key. 
   These embodiments limit the users when renting the ignition key so that only the specified user can lock and unlock the doors of the vehicle and can move the vehicle. Once a return button is pushed, a key certification function (immobilizer function) prohibits re-starting the engine, and allows only locking of the doors. When leaving and returning the vehicle, the user simply pushes the return button, gets off the vehicle, and locks the doors. The key used at this time may be mailed by the user to a management center. The management center moves and retrieves the vacated vehicle using a master key. 
   Thus, these two embodiments avoids a situation in which the vehicle is moved from the point where the vehicle  1  has been returned, and cannot be found. 
   In the first embodiment, the instruction to return the vehicle  1  from the vehicle user U to the control device  2  is not limited to a phone within the vehicle  1 , and may be, e.g., a public telephone outside the vehicle. If, after the user has unloaded baggage from the vehicle, an urgent matter occurs during shopping, and the user must go to another place directly after shopping, the user does not have to return to the vehicle  1 . 
   This invention may be embodied in other forms or carried out in other ways without departing from the spirit thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects illustrative and not limiting, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims, and all modifications falling within the meaning and range of equivalency are intended to be embraced therein.