Abstract:
Carbon-doped semiconductor material portions are formed on a subset of surfaces of underlying semiconductor surfaces contiguously connected to a channel of a field effect transistor. Carbon-doped semiconductor material portions can be formed by selective epitaxy of a carbon-containing semiconductor material layer or by shallow implantation of carbon atoms into surface portions of the underlying semiconductor surfaces. The carbon-doped semiconductor material portions can be deposited as layers and subsequently patterned by etching, or can be formed after formation of disposable masking spacers. Raised source and drain regions are formed on the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions and on physically exposed surfaces of the underlying semiconductor surfaces. The carbon-doped semiconductor material portions locally retard dopant diffusion from the raised source and drain regions into the underlying semiconductor material regions, thereby enabling local tailoring of the dopant profile, and alteration of device parameters for the field effect transistor.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    The present disclosure relates to semiconductor devices, and particularly to transistors having a doping profile controlled by carbon-doped semiconductor material portions, and methods of manufacturing the same. 
         [0002]    A raised source region is a semiconductor region that is deposited on a semiconductor region of a field effect transistor and functions as a part of a source region of the field effect transistor. A raised drain region is a semiconductor region that is deposited on a semiconductor region of a field effect transistor and functions as a part of a drain region of the field effect transistor. A raised source/drain region can be formed on a pre-existing source/drain region by a selective deposition process, which deposits a semiconductor material only on semiconductor surfaces and does not deposit any semiconductor material on a dielectric surface. 
         [0003]    In some field effect transistors, the doping profile near the channel region can be controlled by diffusion of dopants from raised source and drain regions. A doping profile refers to the three-dimensional distribution of p-type dopants and n-type dopants in the channel and in the vicinity of the channel that includes at least the two p-n junctions between the body of the field effect transistor and each of the source region (including the raised source region) and the drain region (including the raised drain region) of the field effect transistor. 
         [0004]    The doping profile affects various parameters of the field effect transistors, including, but not limited to, the on-current, the off-current, the threshold voltage, and the sub-threshold voltage slope. Modification of the doping profile can improve performance of field effect transistors by improving some performance parameters with, or without, a trade-off (degradation of some other performance parameters). However, in integration schemes that employ thermal dopant diffusion from raised source and drain regions as the mechanism for introducing dopants into source and drain regions, the dopant profile is a function of the geometry and diffusion parameters. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    Carbon-doped semiconductor material portions are formed on a subset of surfaces of underlying semiconductor surfaces contiguously connected to a channel of a field effect transistor. Carbon-doped semiconductor material portions can be formed by selective epitaxy of a carbon-containing semiconductor material layer or by shallow implantation of carbon atoms into surface portions of the underlying semiconductor surfaces. The carbon-doped semiconductor material portions can be deposited as layers and subsequently patterned by etching, or can be formed after formation of disposable masking spacers. Raised source and drain regions are formed on the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions and on physically exposed surfaces of the underlying semiconductor surfaces. The carbon-doped semiconductor material portions locally retard dopant diffusion from the raised source and drain regions into the underlying semiconductor material regions, thereby enabling local tailoring of the dopant profile, and alteration of device parameters for the field effect transistor. 
         [0006]    According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a semiconductor structure including a field effect transistor (FET) is provided. The semiconductor structure includes an underlying source/drain region, a carbon-doped semiconductor material portion located on a surface of the underlying source/drain region, and a raised source/drain region in contact with a surface of the carbon-doped semiconductor material portion and in contact with a surface of the underlying source/drain region. 
         [0007]    According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor structure is provided. A semiconductor material portion laterally extending from a first sidewall surface to a second sidewall surface is provided on a substrate. A stack including a gate dielectric and a gate electrode is formed on the semiconductor material portion. A carbon-doped semiconductor material portion is formed on a first surface of the semiconductor material portion. At least one raised source/drain region is formed directly on a surface of the carbon-doped semiconductor material portion and a second surface of the semiconductor material portion. A drive-in anneal can be performed to form at least one underlying source/drain region, which are sub-portions of the semiconductor material portion doped with dopants of opposite conductivity type than the original conductivity type of the semiconductor material portion. The carbon-doped semiconductor material portion retards the dopant diffusion, thereby enabling tailoring of the doping profile within the semiconductor material portion. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]      FIG. 1  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a first exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of a gate stack structure and a gate spacer according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the first exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of carbon-doped semiconductor material layers by selective epitaxy according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the first exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of a disposable gate spacer and removal of physically exposed portions of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the first exemplary semiconductor structure after removal of the disposable gate spacer according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0012]      FIG. 5  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the first exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of raised source/drain regions according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0013]      FIG. 6  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the first exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of underlying source/drain regions by an anneal according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0014]      FIG. 7  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the first exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of metal semiconductor alloy portions according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0015]      FIG. 8  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the first exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of a contact-level dielectric layer and various contact via structures according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0016]      FIG. 9  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a first variation of the first exemplary semiconductor structure according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0017]      FIG. 10  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a second variation of the first exemplary semiconductor structure after removal of the disposable gate spacer according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0018]      FIG. 11  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the second variation of the first exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of underlying source/drain regions by an anneal according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0019]      FIG. 12  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the second variation of the first exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of a contact-level dielectric layer and various contact via structures according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0020]      FIG. 12A  is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the second variation of the first exemplary semiconductor structure of  FIG. 12  along the plane X-X′. 
           [0021]      FIG. 13  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a second exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of carbon-doped semiconductor material layers by plasma doping according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0022]      FIG. 14  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the second exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of disposable gate spacer and removal of physically exposed portions of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0023]      FIG. 15  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the second exemplary semiconductor structure after removal of the disposable gate spacer according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0024]      FIG. 16  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the second exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of raised source/drain regions according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0025]      FIG. 17  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the second exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of underlying source/drain regions by an anneal according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0026]      FIG. 18  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the second exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of metal semiconductor alloy portions according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0027]      FIG. 19  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the second exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of a contact-level dielectric layer and various contact via structures according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0028]      FIG. 20  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a first variation of the second exemplary semiconductor structure according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0029]      FIG. 21  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a second variation of the second exemplary semiconductor structure after removal of the disposable gate spacer according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0030]      FIG. 22  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the second variation of the second exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of underlying source/drain regions by an anneal according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0031]      FIG. 23  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the second variation of the second exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of a contact-level dielectric layer and various contact via structures according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0032]      FIG. 23A  is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the second variation of the second exemplary semiconductor structure of  FIG. 23  along the plane X-X′. 
           [0033]      FIG. 24  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a third exemplary semiconductor structure after formation a disposable gate spacer and carbon-doped semiconductor material portions by selective epitaxy according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0034]      FIG. 25  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the third exemplary semiconductor structure after removal of a disposable gate spacer and formation of raised source/drain regions according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0035]      FIG. 26  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the third exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of underlying source/drain regions by an anneal, formation of metal semiconductor alloy portions, and formation of a contact-level dielectric layer and various contact via structures according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0036]      FIG. 27  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a first variation of the third exemplary semiconductor structure according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0037]      FIG. 28  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a second variation of the third exemplary semiconductor structure according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0038]      FIG. 29  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a fourth exemplary semiconductor structure after formation a disposable gate spacer and carbon-doped semiconductor material portions by plasma doping according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0039]      FIG. 30  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the fourth exemplary semiconductor structure after removal of a disposable gate spacer and formation of raised source/drain regions according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0040]      FIG. 31  is a vertical cross-sectional view of the fourth exemplary semiconductor structure after formation of underlying source/drain regions by an anneal, formation of metal semiconductor alloy portions, and formation of a contact-level dielectric layer and various contact via structures according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0041]      FIG. 32  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a first variation of the fourth exemplary semiconductor structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
           [0042]      FIG. 33  is a vertical cross-sectional view of a second variation of the fourth exemplary semiconductor structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0043]    As stated above, the present disclosure relates to transistors having a doping profile controlled by carbon-doped semiconductor material portions, and methods of manufacturing the same, which are now described in detail with accompanying figures. It is noted that like reference numerals refer to like elements across different embodiments. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. 
         [0044]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a first exemplary semiconductor structure according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure includes a substrate  8  and gate stacks formed thereupon. The substrate  8  can be a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) substrate or a bulk semiconductor substrate. For example, the substrate  8  can include a stack, from bottom to top, of a handle substrate  2 , a buried insulator layer  4 , and a top semiconductor layer  30 L. The top semiconductor layer  30 L can include a single crystalline semiconductor material such as single crystalline silicon. In one embodiment, the top semiconductor layer  30 L can be an extremely thin semiconductor-on-insulator (ETSOI) layer including a single crystalline semiconductor material and having a thickness from 2 nm to 30 nm, although lesser and greater thicknesses can also be employed. 
         [0045]    Shallow trench isolation structures  20  including a dielectric material can be formed in the substrate  8  to provide electrical isolation between neighboring semiconductor devices to be formed. For example, the shallow trench isolation structures  20  can be formed within the top semiconductor layer  30 L. 
         [0046]    The remaining portions of the top semiconductor material layer  30 L include a semiconductor material portion  30 . The semiconductor material of the semiconductor material portion  30  is herein referred to as a first semiconductor material, which can be, for example, single crystalline silicon, single crystalline germanium, a single crystalline alloy of at least two of silicon, germanium, and carbon, a single crystalline compound semiconductor material, a polycrystalline elemental semiconductor material, a polycrystalline alloy of at least two of silicon, germanium, and carbon, a polycrystalline compound semiconductor material, or an amorphous semiconductor material. In one embodiment, the semiconductor material of the semiconductor material portion  30  is single crystalline. The semiconductor material portion  30  laterally extends from a first sidewall surface (which coincides with a sidewall of the shallow trench isolation structures  30 ) to a second sidewall surface (which coincides with another sidewall of the shallow trench isolation structure  30 ). The first sidewall surface and the second sidewall surface can be substantially parallel to each other. 
         [0047]    In one embodiment, the entirety of the semiconductor material can be doped with electrical dopants of the same conductivity type, which can be p-type or n-type. The conductivity type of the semiconductor material within the semiconductor material portion  30  is herein referred to as a first conductivity type. In one embodiment, the entirety of the semiconductor material portion  30  can have the first conductivity type doping at a same dopant concentration. 
         [0048]    Gate stack layers can be deposited on the top surface of the substrate  8 . The gate stack layers can include a stack, from bottom to top, of a gate dielectric layer, a gate conductor layer, and optionally, a gate cap dielectric layer. In one embodiment, the gate stack layers may be “blanket” layers, i.e., unpatterned planar layers, each having a uniform thickness throughout. Gate stacks are formed by patterning the gate stack layers. For example, the gate stack layers can be patterned by an anisotropic etch process employing a patterned photoresist (not shown) as a masking layer to form a gate stack including a gate dielectric  50 , a gate electrode  52 , and optionally, a gate cap dielectric  58 . 
         [0049]    The gate dielectric layer, and consequently the gate dielectric  50 , can include a dielectric material, which can be silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, or a stack thereof. Alternately or additionally, the gate dielectric layer, and consequently the gate dielectric  50 , can include a high dielectric constant (high-k) material layer having a dielectric constant greater than 3.9. In one embodiment, the gate dielectric layer can include a dielectric metal oxide, which is a high-k material containing a metal and oxygen, and is known in the art as high-k gate dielectric materials. Dielectric metal oxides can be deposited by methods well known in the art including, for example, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), molecular beam deposition (MBD), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), liquid source misted chemical deposition (LSMCD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), etc. Exemplary high-k dielectric material include HfO 2 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SrTiO 3 , LaAlO 3 , Y 2 O 3 , HfO x N y , ZrO x N y , La 2 O x N y , Al 2 O x N y , TiO x N y , SrTiO x N y , LaAlO x N y , Y 2 O x N y , a silicate thereof, and an alloy thereof. Each value of x is independently from 0.5 to 3 and each value of y is independently from 0 to 2. The thickness of the gate dielectric layer  50 L can be from 0.9 nm to 6 nm, although lesser and greater thicknesses can also be employed. 
         [0050]    The gate conductor layer can be a single layer or a plurality of layers. Each component layer in the gate conductor layer, and consequently, each component within the gate electrode  52 , can include a conductive material, which can be a doped semiconductor material, a metallic material, or a combination thereof. The doped semiconductor material, if present, can be doped polysilicon, doped polycrystalline germanium, a doped silicon-germanium alloy, any other doped elemental or compound semiconductor material, or a combination thereof. The metallic material, if present, can be any metallic material that can be deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), or a combination thereof. For example, the metallic material can include aluminum and/or tungsten. The thickness of the gate conductor layer can be from 20 nm to 200 nm, although lesser and greater thicknesses can also be employed. 
         [0051]    If a gate cap dielectric layer is formed, the gate cap dielectric layer, and consequently, the gate cap dielectric  58  derived therefrom, can include a dielectric material such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, organosilicate glass (OSG), a high dielectric constant (high-k) material layer that can be employed for the gate dielectric layer, or a combination thereof. The gate cap dielectric layer can be deposited, for example, by chemical vapor deposition or by any other deposition method known in the art. The thickness of the gate cap dielectric layer, if present, can be from 10 nm to 200 nm, and typically from 20 nm to 100 nm, although lesser and greater thicknesses can also be employed. 
         [0052]    A gate spacer  62  can be subsequently formed on the sidewalls of the gate stack ( 50 ,  52 ,  58 ). In one embodiment, the gate spacer  62  can be formed by depositing a conformal dielectric material layer and anisotropically etching the horizontal portions of the conformal dielectric material layer. The remaining vertical portions of the conformal dielectric material layer constitute the gate spacer  62 . Alternately or additionally, the gate spacer  62  can be formed by conversion of surface portions of the gate electrode  52  into a dielectric material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride. 
         [0053]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , carbon-doped semiconductor material layers are formed on the physically exposed surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  by selective deposition. In one embodiment, the carbon doped semiconductor material layers can include a source-side carbon-doped semiconductor material layer  42 L and a drain-side carbon-doped semiconductor material layer  48 L. In one embodiment, the selective deposition can be effected by selective epitaxy. In selective epitaxy, the first exemplary semiconductor structure is placed in a reactor, and reactant gases and an etchant gas are simultaneously or alternately flowed into the reactor. A carbon-doped semiconductor material is deposited directly on the entirety of physically exposed surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  during the selective epitaxy. 
         [0054]    The reactant gases include at least one semiconductor precursor gas and a carbon precursor gas. The at least one semiconductor precursor gas can include, for example, SiH 4 , Si 2 H 6 , SiH 2 Cl 2 , SiHCl 3 , SiCl 4 , GeH 4 , Ge 2 H 6 , GeH 2 Cl 2 , and other precursor materials for compound semiconductor materials as known in the art. At least one semiconductor precursor gas can be a single semiconductor precursor gas or a plurality of semiconductor precursor gases. The carbon precursor gas can include, for example, at least one of CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , and any other carbon precursor gas known in the art. The etchant gas can include, for example, hydrogen chloride gas. Optionally, a carrier gas such as H 2 , N 2 , Ar, and/or He can be flowed into the reactor chamber to provide a laminar flow around the physically exposed surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30 . The temperature of the reactor during the selective epitaxy process can be from 500° C. to 1,100° C., although lesser and greater temperatures can also be employed. The pressure within the reactor can be from 1 mTorr to 120 Torr, although lesser and greater pressures can also be employed. The thickness of the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions  48 L can be from 1 nm to 3 nm, although lesser and greater thicknesses can also be employed. 
         [0055]    The carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 42 L,  48 L) include an epitaxial alloy of a semiconductor material and carbon. The semiconductor material in the epitaxial alloy can be silicon, germanium, and/or any compound semiconductor material derived from the at least one semiconductor precursor gas. In one embodiment, facets can be formed on the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 42 L,  48 L), which can be crystallographic surfaces having a local minimum at surface energy. 
         [0056]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , a disposable gate spacer  64  is formed on sidewalls of the gate spacer  62 , for example, by conformal deposition of a disposable material and removal of horizontal portions of the deposited disposable material. The disposable gate spacer  64  can include a dielectric material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, organosilicate glass, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the disposable gate spacer  64  includes a dielectric material different from the dielectric material of the gate spacer  62  so that the disposable gate spacer  64  can be subsequently removed selective to the gate spacer  62 . 
         [0057]    A first portion of each of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 42 L,  48 L) is covered by the disposable gate spacer  64 . A second portion of each of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 42 L,  48 L) is not covered by the disposable gate spacer  64 . The first portions of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 42 L,  48 L) are more proximal to the gate stack ( 50 ,  52 ,  58 ) than the second portions of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layer  48 L. The second portions of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 42 L,  48 L) are complementary portions of the first portions of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 42 L,  48 L). 
         [0058]    The second portions of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 42 L,  48 L) are etched employing the disposable gate spacer  64  as an etch mask. The etch can be an anisotropic etch such as a reactive ion etch, or an isotropic etch such as a wet etch. The first portions of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 42 L,  48 L) remain after the etch. The first portion of the source-side carbon-doped semiconductor material layer  42 L is herein referred to as a source-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  42 , and the first portion of the drain-side carbon-doped semiconductor material layer  48 L is herein referred to as a drain-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  48 . The surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  that contact the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 42 ,  48 ) are herein referred to as first surfaces. The surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  that become physically exposed after the etch, i.e., after the second portions of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 42 L,  48 L), are herein referred to as second surfaces. 
         [0059]    Referring to  FIG. 4 , the disposable gate spacer  64  is removed selective to the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 42 ,  48 ) and the gate spacer  62 , for example, by an etch, which can be an isotropic etch such as a wet etch. 
         [0060]    Referring to  FIG. 5 , raised source/drain regions are formed, for example, by selective epitaxy. As used herein a “raised source/drain region” is a raised source region or a raised drain region. As used herein, a “raised source region” is a portion of a source region that is located above the plane of an interface between a channel and a gate dielectric of a field effect transistor. As used herein, a “raised drain region” is a portion of a drain region that is located above the plane of an interface between a channel and a gate dielectric of a field effect transistor. 
         [0061]    The raised source/drain regions can include a raised source region  72  and a raised drain region  78 . The raised source region  72  can be formed directly on the top surface and a sidewall surface of the source side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  42  and on the second surface of the semiconductor material portion  30  located on the source side of the gate stack ( 50 ,  52 ,  58 ), i.e., on the second surface of the semiconductor material portion  30  that is located on the same side as the source-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  42  relative to the gate stack ( 50 ,  52 ,  58 ). The raised drain region  78  can be formed directly on the top surface and a sidewall surface of the drain side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  48  and on the second surface of the semiconductor material portion  30  located on the drain side of the gate stack ( 50 ,  52 ,  58 ), i.e., on the second surface of the semiconductor material portion  30  that is located on the same side as the drain-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  48  relative to the gate stack ( 50 ,  52 ,  58 ). 
         [0062]    The semiconductor material of the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  74 ) is deposited selectively only on semiconductor surfaces, and is not deposited on dielectric surfaces. In one embodiment, the semiconductor material can be, for example, single crystalline silicon, single crystalline germanium, a single crystalline silicon-germanium alloy, or a single crystalline compound semiconductor material. In another embodiment, the semiconductor material can be a polycrystalline elemental semiconductor material, a polycrystalline alloy of at least two of silicon, germanium, and carbon, a polycrystalline compound semiconductor material, or an amorphous semiconductor material. 
         [0063]    During the selective deposition, the semiconductor material is deposited only on exposed semiconductor surfaces while the semiconductor material is not deposited on dielectric surfaces. The selective deposition can employ simultaneous or alternating steps of deposition and etch of the semiconductor material. The deposition is effected by flowing a reactant gas including a precursor for the semiconductor material in a processing chamber in which the first exemplary semiconductor structure is placed for processing. Exemplary precursors to the semiconductor material include, but are not limited to, SiH 4 , Si 2 H 6 , SiH 2 Cl 2 , SiHCl 3 , SiCl 4 , GeH 4 , Ge 2 H 6 , GeH 2 Cl 2 , and other precursor materials for compound semiconductor materials as known in the art. The etch step, which can be performed simultaneously with or in alternation with the deposition step, is effected by flowing an etchant gas in the processing chamber. Exemplary etchants include, but are not limited to, HCl. The thickness of the raised source region  72  and the raised drain region  78 , as measured between a topmost surface and a bottommost surface, can be, for example, from 2 nm to 100 nm, although lesser and greater thicknesses can also be employed. 
         [0064]    Each of the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) can be formed with in-situ doping that is of the opposite conductivity type as the conductivity type of the semiconductor material portion  30 . The conductivity type of the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) is herein referred to as a second conductivity type, which is the opposite type of the first conductivity type (i.e., the conductivity type of the semiconductor material portion  30 ). If the first conductivity type is p-type, the second conductivity type is n-type, and vice versa. The dopants in the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are electrical dopants, i.e., p-type dopants such as B, Ga, and In, or n-type dopants such as P, As, or Sb. The dopant concentration in the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) can be, for example, from 1.0×10 20 /cm 3  to 3.0×10 21 /cm 3 , although lesser and greater dopant concentrations can also be employed. 
         [0065]    In one embodiment, each of the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) can be epitaxially aligned to the single crystalline structures of the semiconductor material portion  30  and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 42 ,  48 ). 
         [0066]    In one embodiment, the bottom surfaces of the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) and the bottom surfaces of the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 42 ,  48 ) can be coplanar with a bottom surface of the gate dielectric  50 . 
         [0067]    The interfaces between the semiconductor material portion  30  and the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are herein referred to as first interfaces. The first interfaces coincide with the second surfaces discussed above. The interfaces between the semiconductor material portion and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 42 ,  48 ) are herein referred to as second interfaces. The second interfaces coincide with the first surfaces discussed above. The first interfaces are spaced from the gate electrode  52  of a field effect transistor by a greater lateral distance than the second interfaces. 
         [0068]    Referring to  FIG. 6 , an anneal is performed at an elevated temperature to outdiffuse the dopants of the second conductivity type from the raised source/drain regions ( 72 , 78 ) into the semiconductor material portion  30 . Electrical dopants within the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) diffuse into sub-portions of the semiconductor material portion  30 . A sub-portion of the semiconductor material portion  30  that is doped with the dopants of the second conductivity type from the raised source region  72  is converted into a region having a doping of the second conductivity type, which is herein referred to as an underlying source region  32 . A sub-portion of the semiconductor material portion  30  that is doped with the dopants of the second conductivity type from the raised drain region  78  is converted into another region having a doping of the second conductivity type, which is herein referred to as an underlying drain region  38 . 
         [0069]    The carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 42 ,  48 ) retard the outdiffusion of the dopants of the second conductivity type from the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) into the semiconductor material portion  30 . Thus, more dopants of the second conductivity type diffuse through a unit area of the first interfaces between the semiconductor material portion  30  and the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) than through a unit area of the second interfaces between the semiconductor material portion  30  and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 42 ,  48 ). 
         [0070]    In one embodiment, the underlying source region  32  and the underlying drain region  38  can reach to the top surface of the buried insulator layer  20  directly underneath the first interfaces. The retardation of the diffusion of the second conductivity dopants by the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 42 ,  48 ) causes the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) to become shallower, i.e., to have a lesser thickness, underneath the periphery of the gate stack ( 50 ,  52 ,  58 ) than underneath the first interfaces. 
         [0071]    The remaining portion of the semiconductor material portion  30  includes a body region of the field effect transistor. In one embodiment, the entirety of the semiconductor material portion  30  has a doping of the first conductivity type at the same dopant concentration prior to the annealing. The remaining sub-portion of the semiconductor material portion  30  has a doping of the first conductivity type. The underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) have a doping of the second conductivity type. 
         [0072]    Two p-n junctions are formed within the semiconductor material portion  30  after the annealing. A first p-n junction is between the remaining portion of the semiconductor material portion  30  and the underlying source region  32 , and a second p-n junction is between the remaining portion of the semiconductor material portion and the underlying drain region  38 . 
         [0073]    In one embodiment, the first interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are spaced from the gate electrode  52  of the field effect transistor by a greater lateral distance than the second interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 72 ,  78 ). 
         [0074]    Referring to  FIG. 7 , the gate cap dielectric  58  can be removed selective to the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) and the gate spacer  62 . An outer gate spacer  82  can be formed on sidewalls of the gate spacer  62 . A conformal dielectric material layer can be deposited, for example, by chemical vapor deposition, and an anisotropic etch can be subsequently performed to remove horizontal portions of the conformal dielectric layer. The remaining vertical portions of the conformal dielectric layer constitute the outer gate spacer  81 . Various metal semiconductor alloy portions can be formed, for example, by depositing a metal and reacting the metal with underlying semiconductor materials. Unreacted portions of the deposited metal can be removed selective to the various metal semiconductor alloy portions. The various metal semiconductor alloy portions can include, for example, a source-side metal semiconductor alloy portion  82 , a drain-side metal semiconductor alloy portion  88 , and a gate-side metal semiconductor alloy portion  85 . 
         [0075]    Referring to  FIG. 8 , a contact-level dielectric layer  90  can be deposited and planarized, for example, by chemical mechanical planarization. The contact-level dielectric layer  90  includes a dielectric material such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and/or porous or non-porous organosilicate glass (OSG). Various contact via holes are formed within the contact-level dielectric layer  90 , and are subsequently filled with at least one conductive material to form various contact via structures. The contact via structures can include, for example, a source-side contact via structure  92 , a drain-side contact via structure  98 , and a gate-side contact via structure  95 . 
         [0076]    The first exemplary semiconductor structure includes at least an underlying source/drain region ( 32  or  38 ), a carbon-doped semiconductor material portion ( 42  or  48 ) located on a surface of the underlying source/drain region ( 32  or  38 ), and a raised source/drain region ( 72  or  78 ) in contact with a surface of the carbon-doped semiconductor material portion ( 42  or  48 ) and in contact with a surface of the underlying source/drain region ( 32  or  38 ). The underlying source/drain region ( 32 ,  38 ) can be located within a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) substrate  8 , and can contact the top surface of a buried insulator layer  4 . A bottom surface of the carbon-doped semiconductor material portion ( 42  or  48 ) can be coplanar with a top surface of the underlying source/drain region ( 32 ,  38 ). 
         [0077]    The gate spacer  62  can laterally contact the gate electrode  52  of the field effect transistor. An edge of the carbon-doped semiconductor material portion ( 42  or  48 ) can coincide with an edge of the gate spacer  52 . A bottom surface of the carbon-doped semiconductor material portion ( 42  or  48 ) can be coplanar with a bottom surface of the gate spacer  62 . A metal semiconductor alloy portion ( 82  or  88 ) can be in contact with the raised source/drain region ( 72  or  78 ) and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portion ( 82  or  88 ). 
         [0078]    Referring to  FIG. 9 , a first variation of the first exemplary semiconductor structure can be derived from the first exemplary semiconductor structure by replacing the SOI substrate  8  with a bulk substrate  8 ′, which can consist of a semiconductor material layer as provided. Upon formation of shallow trench isolation structures  20  employing the processing steps of  FIG. 1 , a semiconductor material portion  30  laterally extending from a first sidewall surface (i.e., a first interface with the shallow trench isolation structures  20 ) to a second sidewall surface (i.e., a second interface with the shallow trench isolation structures  20 ) can be formed on the bulk substrate  8 ′. The processing steps of  FIGS. 2-8  can be subsequently performed to provide the structure illustrated in  FIG. 9 . The first interfaces do not retard the diffusion of the dopants of the second conductivity type from the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) into the semiconductor material portion  30  and the carbon-doped semiconductor material regions ( 42 ,  48 ) retard the diffusion of the dopants of the second conductivity type during the formation of the underlying source region  32  and the underlying drain region  38 . Thus, the portions of the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) that underlie the first interfaces have a greater thickness than the portions of the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) that underlie the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 42 ,  48 ). 
         [0079]    Referring to  FIG. 10 , a second variation of the first exemplary semiconductor structure can be derived from the first exemplary structure by not forming shallow trench isolation structures at the processing steps of  FIG. 1 . The semiconductor material portion  30  laterally extends from a first sidewall surface SW1 to a second sidewall surface SW2, and is located on a substrate  8 ″, which includes a stack of the handle substrate  2  and the buried insulator layer  4 . In one embodiment, the semiconductor fin can have a lateral width, i.e., a width in a direction that is parallel to the first sidewall surface SW1 and the second sidewall surface SW2, from 5 nm to 50 nm to provide full depletion during operation as a finFET. 
         [0080]    Referring to  FIG. 11 , the processing steps of  FIGS. 2-5  are performed. The raised source/drain regions formed by selective deposition, such as selective epitaxy process described above, can include a top raised source region  172 A, an end raised source region  172 B, two side raised source regions  172 C (See  FIG. 12A ), a top raised drain region  178 A, an end raised drain region  178 B, and two side raised drain regions  178 C (See  FIG. 12A ). 
         [0081]    Subsequently, the processing steps of  FIG. 6  are performed. An underlying source region  32  is formed by diffusion of dopants of the second conductivity type from the top raised source region  172 A, the end raised source region  172 B, and the two side raised source regions  172 C into a sub-portion of semiconductor fin, i.e., the semiconductor material portion  30 . Likewise, an underlying drain region  38  is formed by diffusion of dopants of the second conductivity type from the top raised drain region  178 A, the end raised drain region  178 B, and the two side raised drain regions  178 C into another sub-portion of semiconductor fin. The remaining portion of the semiconductor material portion  30  constitutes a body region of the fin field effect transistor. 
         [0082]    Referring to  FIGS. 12 and 12A , the processing steps of  FIGS. 7-8  are performed to form a contact-level dielectric layer  90  and various contact via structures ( 92 ,  95 ,  98 ). 
         [0083]    Referring to  FIG. 13 , a second exemplary semiconductor structure according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure is derived from the first exemplary semiconductor structure of  FIG. 1  by forming carbon-doped semiconductor material layers by plasma doping. Specifically, the first exemplary semiconductor structure of  FIG. 1  can be placed in a plasma chamber, and a plasma of at least one carbon-containing gas is generated within the plasma chamber. 
         [0084]    The at least one carbon-containing gas can be one or more gases selected from, but is not limited to, CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , CF 4 , CHF 3 , CH 2 F 2 , other hydrocarbon gases, other fluorocarbon gases, and other hydrofluorocarbon gases. The pressure within the plasma chamber can be from 1 mTorr to 30 mTorr, although lesser and greater pressures can also be employed. The temperature of the plasma chamber can be from 0° C. to 200° C., although lower and higher temperatures can also be employed. The kinetic energy of the ions in the plasma can be, for example, from 1.0 keV to 3.0 keV, although lesser and greater kinetic energies can also be employed. The bias voltage of a chuck in the plasma chamber can be, for example, from 200 V to 1 kV, although lesser and greater voltages can also be employed. The concentration of carbon atoms in the plasma-doped regions can be, for example, from 1.0×10 13 /cm 3  to 1.0×10 18 /cm 3 , although lesser and greater carbon concentrations can also be employed. 
         [0085]    The carbon-doped semiconductor material layers are formed by plasma doping of the entirety of physically exposed surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30 . The carbon-doped semiconductor material layers include a source-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  142 L and a drain-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  148 L. The source-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  142 L is formed by introduction of carbon dopants into a surface sub-portion of the semiconductor material portion  30  on the source side (which is one side relative to the gate stack ( 50 ,  52 ,  58 )), and the drain-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  148 L is formed by introduction of carbon dopants into a surface sub-portion of the semiconductor material portion  30  on the drain side (which is the opposite side relative to the gate stack ( 50 ,  52 ,  58 )). The thickness of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 142   l ,  148 L) can be from 1 nm to 3 nm, although lesser and greater thicknesses can also be employed. Use of the plasma doping enables formation of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 142   l ,  148 L) enables formation of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 142   l ,  148 L) as extremely thin layers at a thickness range that is not otherwise achievable. 
         [0086]    Referring to  FIG. 14 , the processing steps of  FIG. 3  are performed to form a disposable gate spacer  64 , and to remove physically exposed portions of the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 142 L,  148 L). The physically exposed portions of the carbon-doped semiconductor layers ( 142 L,  148 L) are removed employing the disposable gate spacer  64  as an etch mask. A remaining portion of the source-side carbon-doped semiconductor material layer  142 L is a source-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  142 , and a remaining portion of the drain-side carbon-doped semiconductor material layer  148 L is a drain-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  148 . First surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  are in physical contact with bottom surfaces of the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 142 ,  148 ). Thus, carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 142 ,  148 ) are formed on the first surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30 . Second surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  are physically exposed in areas from which the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 142 L,  148 L) are removed. 
         [0087]    Referring to  FIG. 15 , the disposable gate spacer  64  can be removed selective to the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 142 ,  148 ) employing the processing steps of  FIG. 4 . 
         [0088]    Referring to  FIG. 16 , raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are formed employing the processing steps of  FIG. 5 . The raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are formed directly on the surfaces of the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 142 ,  148 ) and second surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30 . First interfaces between the semiconductor material portion  30  and the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) coincide with the second surfaces discussed above. Second interfaces between the semiconductor material portion  30  and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 142 ,  148 ) coincide with the first surfaces discussed above. The first interfaces are spaced from the gate electrode  52  of a field effect transistor by a greater lateral distance than the second interfaces. 
         [0089]    Referring  FIG. 17 , an underlying source region  32  and an underlying drain region  38  are formed employing the processing steps of  FIG. 6 . The first interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are spaced from the gate electrode  52  of a field effect transistor by a greater lateral distance than the second interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 142 ,  148 ). 
         [0090]    Referring to  FIG. 18 , an outer gate spacer  81  and various metal semiconductor alloy portions ( 82 ,  85 ,  88 ) can be formed employing the processing steps of  FIG. 7 . 
         [0091]    Referring to  FIG. 19 , a contact-level dielectric layer  90  and various contact via structures ( 82 ,  85 ,  88 ) can be formed employing the processing steps of  FIG. 8 . The underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) are located within the semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) substrate  8 , and contact a top surface of the buried insulator layer  20 . The first interfaces and the second interfaces can be coplanar among one another. The top surfaces of the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 142 ,  248 ) can be coplanar with the topmost surface of the semiconductor material portion  30 . A bottom surface of each carbon-doped semiconductor material portion ( 142 ,  148 ) can be coplanar with a bottom surface of the raised source/drain regions ( 142 ,  148 ). The gate spacer  62  laterally contacts the gate electrode  52  of the field effect transistor. An edge of each carbon-doped semiconductor material portion ( 142 ,  148 ) coincides with an edge of the gate spacer  62 . The top surface of each carbon-doped semiconductor material portion ( 142 ,  148 ) can be coplanar with a bottom surface of the gate spacer  62 . 
         [0092]    Referring to  FIG. 20 , a first variation of the second exemplary semiconductor structure can be derived from the second exemplary semiconductor structure by replacing the SOI substrate  8  with a bulk substrate  8 ′. 
         [0093]    Referring to  FIG. 21 , a second variation of the second exemplary semiconductor structure can be derived from the second exemplary structure by not forming shallow trench isolation structures at the processing steps of  FIG. 1 . The processing steps of  FIGS. 13-15  are subsequently performed. 
         [0094]    Referring to  FIG. 22 , the processing steps of  FIG. 16  are performed. The raised source/drain regions formed by selective deposition, such as selective epitaxy process described above, can include a top raised source region  172 A, an end raised source region  172 B, two side raised source regions  172 C (See  FIG. 23A ), a top raised drain region  178 A, an end raised drain region  178 B, and two side raised drain regions  178 C (See  FIG. 23A ). 
         [0095]    Subsequently, the processing steps of  FIG. 17  are performed. An underlying source region  32  is formed by diffusion of dopants of the second conductivity type from the top raised source region  172 A, the end raised source region  172 B, and the two side raised source regions  172 C into a sub-portion of semiconductor fin, i.e., the semiconductor material portion  30 . Likewise, an underlying drain region  38  is formed by diffusion of dopants of the second conductivity type from the top raised drain region  178 A, the end raised drain region  178 B, and the two side raised drain regions  178 C into another sub-portion of semiconductor fin. The remaining portion of the semiconductor material portion  30  constitutes a body region of the fin field effect transistor. 
         [0096]    Referring to  FIGS. 23 and 23A , the processing steps of  FIGS. 18 and 19  are performed to form a contact-level dielectric layer  90  and various contact via structures ( 92 ,  95 ,  98 ). 
         [0097]    Referring to  FIG. 24 , a third exemplary semiconductor structure according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure is derived from the first exemplary semiconductor structure of  FIG. 1  by forming a disposable gate spacer  164 . The disposable gate spacer  164  can include the same material as the disposable gate spacer  64  of the first and second embodiments, and can be formed, for example, employing the methods for forming the disposable gate spacer  64  as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0098]    After formation of the disposable gate spacer  164 , carbon-doped semiconductor material portions are formed by selective deposition of a carbon-containing semiconductor material. The carbon-doped semiconductor material portions can include a source-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  242  and a drain-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  248 . The carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 242 ,  248 ) can be formed employing the same method as the method for forming the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 42 L,  48 L) illustrated in  FIG. 2 . The surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  on which the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 242 ,  248 ) are formed are herein referred to first surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30 . 
         [0099]    Referring to  FIG. 25 , the disposable gate spacer  164  is removed selective to the gate spacer  62  and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 242 ,  248 ). Surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  are physically exposed within the area from which the disposable gate spacer  164  is removed. The physically exposed surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  are herein referred to as second surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30 . 
         [0100]    Raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  74 ) are formed employing the same method as in the first embodiment. First interfaces between the semiconductor material portion  30  and the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are spaced from a gate electrode  52  of a field effect transistor by a lesser lateral distance than second interfaces between the semiconductor material portion  30  and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 242 ,  248 ). 
         [0101]    Referring to  FIG. 26 , the processing steps of  FIGS. 6-8  are performed to form underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) by an anneal, to form an outer gate spacer  81 , to form various metal semiconductor alloy portions ( 82 ,  85 ,  88 ), and to form a contact-level dielectric layer  90  and various contact via structures ( 92 ,  95 ,  98 ). The underlying source region  32  and the underlying drain region  38  are located within a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) substrate  8 , and contact the top surface of the buried insulator layer  4 . First interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are spaced from the gate electrode  52  of the field effect transistor by a lesser lateral distance than second interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 242 ,  248 ). 
         [0102]    Referring to  FIG. 27 , a first variation of the third exemplary semiconductor structure can be derived from the third exemplary semiconductor structure by replacing the SOI substrate  8  with a bulk substrate  8 ′. First interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are spaced from the gate electrode  52  of the field effect transistor by a lesser lateral distance than second interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 242 ,  248 ). A first portion of an underlying source/drain region ( 32 ,  38 ) that underlies a first interface has a greater thickness, e.g., a first thickness t1, than a second portion of the underlying source/drain region ( 32 ,  38 ) that underlies a second interface, which can have, for example, a second thickness t2. 
         [0103]    Referring to  FIG. 28 , a second variation of the third exemplary semiconductor structure can be derived from the third exemplary structure by not forming shallow trench isolation structures at the processing steps of  FIG. 1 . The processing steps of  FIGS. 2-8  are subsequently performed. The raised source/drain regions formed by selective deposition, such as selective epitaxy process described above, can include a top raised source region  172 A, an end raised source region  172 B, two side raised source regions (not shown; See  FIG. 12A ), a top raised drain region  178 A, an end raised drain region  178 B, and two side raised drain regions (not shown; See  FIG. 12A ). An underlying source region  32  is formed by diffusion of dopants of the second conductivity type from the top raised source region  172 A, the end raised source region  172 B, and the two side raised source regions into a sub-portion of semiconductor fin, i.e., the semiconductor material portion  30 . Likewise, an underlying drain region  38  is formed by diffusion of dopants of the second conductivity type from the top raised drain region  178 A, the end raised drain region  178 B, and the two side raised drain regions into another sub-portion of semiconductor fin. The remaining portion of the semiconductor material portion  30  constitutes a body region of the fin field effect transistor. 
         [0104]    Referring to  FIG. 29 , a fourth exemplary semiconductor structure according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure is derived from the first exemplary semiconductor structure of  FIG. 1  by forming a disposable gate spacer  164 . The disposable gate spacer  164  can include the same material as the disposable gate spacer  64  of the first and second embodiments, and can be formed, for example, employing the methods for forming the disposable gate spacer  64  as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0105]    After formation of the disposable gate spacer  164 , carbon-doped semiconductor material portions are formed by plasma doping of surface sub-portions of the semiconductor material portion  30 . The carbon-doped semiconductor material portions can include a source-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  342  and a drain-side carbon-doped semiconductor material portion  348 . The carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 342 ,  348 ) can be formed employing the same method as the method for forming the carbon-doped semiconductor material layers ( 142 L,  148 L) illustrated in  FIG. 13 . The surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  on which the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 342 ,  348 ) are present are herein referred to first surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30 . 
         [0106]    Referring to  FIG. 30 , the disposable gate spacer  164  is removed selective to the gate spacer  62  and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 342 ,  348 ). Surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  are physically exposed within the area from which the disposable gate spacer  164  is removed. The physically exposed surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30  are herein referred to as second surfaces of the semiconductor material portion  30 . 
         [0107]    Raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  74 ) are formed employing the same method as in the second embodiment. First interfaces between the semiconductor material portion  30  and the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are spaced from a gate electrode  52  of a field effect transistor by a lesser lateral distance than second interfaces between the semiconductor material portion  30  and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 342 ,  348 ). 
         [0108]    Referring to  FIG. 31 , the processing steps of  FIGS. 17-19  are performed to form underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) by an anneal, to form an outer gate spacer  81 , to form various metal semiconductor alloy portions ( 82 ,  85 ,  88 ), and to form a contact-level dielectric layer  90  and various contact via structures ( 92 ,  95 ,  98 ). The underlying source region  32  and the underlying drain region  38  are located within a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) substrate  8 , and contact the top surface of the buried insulator layer  4 . First interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are spaced from the gate electrode  52  of the field effect transistor by a lesser lateral distance than second interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 242 ,  248 ). 
         [0109]    Referring to  FIG. 32 , a first variation of the fourth exemplary semiconductor structure can be derived from the fourth exemplary semiconductor structure by replacing the SOI substrate  8  with a bulk substrate  8 ′. First interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the raised source/drain regions ( 72 ,  78 ) are spaced from the gate electrode  52  of the field effect transistor by a lesser lateral distance than second interfaces between the underlying source/drain regions ( 32 ,  38 ) and the carbon-doped semiconductor material portions ( 242 ,  248 ). A first portion of an underlying source/drain region ( 32 ,  38 ) that underlies a first interface has a greater thickness, e.g., a first thickness t1, than a second portion of the underlying source/drain region ( 32 ,  38 ) that underlies a second interface, which can have, for example, a second thickness t2. 
         [0110]    Referring to  FIG. 33 , a second variation of the fourth exemplary semiconductor structure can be derived from the fourth exemplary structure by not forming shallow trench isolation structures at the processing steps of  FIG. 1 . The processing steps of  FIGS. 13-19  are subsequently performed. The raised source/drain regions formed by selective deposition, such as selective epitaxy process described above, can include a top raised source region  172 A, an end raised source region  172 B, two side raised source regions (not shown; See  FIG. 23A ), a top raised drain region  178 A, an end raised drain region  178 B, and two side raised drain regions (not shown; See  FIG. 23A ). An underlying source region  32  is formed by diffusion of dopants of the second conductivity type from the top raised source region  172 A, the end raised source region  172 B, and the two side raised source regions into a sub-portion of semiconductor fin, i.e., the semiconductor material portion  30 . Likewise, an underlying drain region  38  is formed by diffusion of dopants of the second conductivity type from the top raised drain region  178 A, the end raised drain region  178 B, and the two side raised drain regions into another sub-portion of semiconductor fin. The remaining portion of the semiconductor material portion  30  constitutes a body region of the fin field effect transistor. 
         [0111]    While the present disclosure has been particularly shown and described with respect to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in forms and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Each of the various embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented alone, or in combination with any other embodiments of the present disclosure unless expressly disclosed otherwise or otherwise impossible as would be known to one of ordinary skill in the art. It is therefore intended that the present disclosure not be limited to the exact forms and details described and illustrated, but fall within the scope of the appended claims.