Abstract:
There is provided a hair care composition for protecting hair that is subjected to heat styling by a hair dryer or curling device. The composition comprises two compositions that naturally separate into distinct layers but easily intermix before use. The first composition prevents the hair from overdrying or heat dryout and, thus, leaving it brittle and more susceptible to cracking. The second composition prevents the hair from physical damage such as the rubbing and wear caused by brushing or combing. Thus, the present invention provides protection from heat dryout and physical damage that are commonly associated with heat styling.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     I. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to hair care compositions. More particularly, the present invention relates to hair care compositions for pre-treatment of hair before heating and styling. The compositions prevent damage to the pre-treated hair that is due to exposure to heat from a blow dryers, a curling device or the like, as well as to abrasive or frictional contact caused by a brush, a comb or the like. 
     Heat styling, such as the use of a blow dryer or curling device to heat the hair during styling, is prevalent amongst consumers. Unfortunately, heat styling can dry out and damage hair if the hair is subject to too much heat. For example, a person can overdry hair by holding a blow dryer too close to the hair or can overdry hair by holding a blow dryer or curling device too long at a particular spot of the hair. Moisture will be driven out of the hair so that the hair will become brittle and more susceptible to cracking. Such hair has heat dryout. 
     In addition, such heat styling can also cause physical damage to hair. For example, during such heat styling, the hair is brushed or combed. The constant rubbing and wear to the outer surface of the hair, leads to cracks and breaks in the hair. Moreover, dry hair, particularly dry hair suffering from heat dryout, is particularly susceptible to such physical damage. 
     II. Description of the Prior Art 
     Compositions, such as shampoos, conditioners, detergents and cosmetics, for cleaning, conditioning and/or moisturizing the hair are generally known. Such compositions are found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,364,837 to M. Pader, which issued on Dec. 21, 1982; U.S. Pat. No. 4,374,825 to R. E. Bolich, Jr., et al., which issued on Feb. 22, 1983; U.S. Pat. No. 4,387,090 to R. E. Bolich, Jr., which issued on Jun. 7, 1983; U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,375 to R.E. Bolich, Jr., et al., which issued on Sep. 18, 1984; U.S. Pat. No. 4,704,272 to Y. S. Oh, et al., which issued on Nov. 3, 1987; U.S. Pat. No. 4,784,844 to R. J. Thimineur, et al., which issued on Nov. 15, 1988; U.S. Pat. No. 4,933,176 to I. M. E. van Reeth, which issued on Jun. 12, 1990; U.S. Pat. No. 5,246,703 to L. D. Durfee, which issued on Sep. 21, 1993; U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,806 to T. L. Holloway, which issued Dec. 13, 1994; and U.S. Pat. No.5,409,628 to D. Heinz, et al, which issued on Apr. 25, 1995. See also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,252,694 to S. N. Lewis, et al., which issued on Feb. 24, 1981. 
     It is also known that consumer convenience is important in all hair care products. Accordingly, hair conditioning products may include a cyclic siloxane to improve their convenience for consumers. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,337,166 to M. P. L. Hill, et al., which issued on Jun. 29, 1982, provides a detergent composition for significantly reducing the drying time of hair after shampooing. The detergent composition includes one or more detergent substances and at least one cyclic siloxane. 
     None of the above patents, however, describes or suggests a hair care composition that has two phases. Furthermore, none of the above patents describe or suggest such a two phase hair care composition that also prevents the physical damage caused by brushing, combing or otherwise styling hair. In addition, none of the above patents describes or suggests a clear, transparent, two phase composition. 
     The present invention provides a hair care composition that protects the hair from both heat dryout, that normally occurs during heat styling, and physical damage. Also, the present invention provides an eye catching appearance that should be attractive to consumers. Thus, the present invention both overcomes the problems of the prior art and has an aesthetically pleasing appearance. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Against the foregoing background, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a hair care composition that prevents physical damage caused by styling, such as brushing and combing, that typically accompanies the process of heat treating or styling hair with, for example, a blow dryer or curling device. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide such a hair care composition having a first layer or composition for preventing physical damage cause by styling and another layer or composition for preventing heat dryout caused by heat styling. 
     It is a still another object of the present invention to provide such a hair care composition in which the two compositions may co-exist discretely, yet intermix when desired in the same container without degradation to the function or performance of either composition. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a hair care composition in which the two compositions naturally separate into two distinct, colored layers to provide an aesthetically pleasing and/or eye catching display to attract consumers. 
     It is a still further object of the present invention to provide such a hair care composition in which the two compositions are clear, transparent colored layers to provide an aesthetically pleasing and/or eye catching display to attract consumers. 
     To accomplish the foregoing objects and advantages, the present invention, in brief summary, is a hair care composition for treatment of hair before heat styling comprising: a discrete first composition having at least one moisture holding ingredient, an emulsifier and an ingredient that helps break the emulsion after use; and a discrete second composition having at least one lubricant. The first composition and the second composition are adapted to be combined to form the hair care composition prior to use to provide a single hair care composition that protects the hair from heat dryout and physical damage caused by heat styling. 
     The present invention further provides a hair care composition for treatment of hair before heat styling comprising: a first aqueous composition having at least one moisture holding ingredient, an emulsifier and an ingredient that helps break the emulsion after use; and a second non-aqueous composition having at least one lubricant, in which the first and second compositions provide protection from heat dryout and physical damage for heat styled hair in a single hair care composition, and in which the first composition is initially discrete from the second composition. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The present invention is a two phase or layer hair care composition that is applied to hair before heat styling. In particular, the hair care composition is applied before subjecting the hair to heat treatment or styling, such as blow drying or heat curling. Preferably, the hair care composition is applied to the hair after the use of cleaning compositions, such a shampoo and a conditioner, so that such cleaning compositions do not wash away the hair care composition. It is also preferred that the hair care composition be applied before the application of general styling products to ensure direct contact to the hair. 
     The two phase hair care composition comprises a first aqueous composition phase or layer and a second non-aqueous composition phase or layer. Prior to application, these phases are mixed together as discussed below. In the most preferred embodiments, the two layers of the hair care composition should be clear, that is transparent. 
     In the preferred embodiments, the first aqueous composition is a water-based solution that includes at least one moisture holding ingredient that holds moisture in the hair. In addition, the first aqueous composition also includes an emulsifier and an ingredient that helps break the emulsion after use. 
     The moisture holding ingredient penetrates the hair and holds moisture in the hair. It has been found that heat styling, particularly blow drying, dries the moisture holding ingredient into the hair. 
     It is preferred that one moisture holding ingredient be a protein that also has some moisture holding properties. While any protein may be used, in the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the protein that has such moisture holding properties is hydrolyzed collagen. Hydrolyzed collagen is the hydrolysate of animal collagen derived by acid, enzyme or other method of hydrolysis. It is characterized by a significant level of hydroxyproline residues. 
     Another moisture holding ingredient is Panthenol. It is an alcohol having a formula C 9  H 19  NO 4 . It is also known as dexpanthenol or 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide. A third moisture holding ingredient is corn syrup. Corn syrup is an aqueous syrup prepared by acid and/or enzyme hydrolysis of corn starch and consists of varying mixtures of mono, di, and polysaccharides. 
     In the most preferred embodiment in which the hair care composition has two clear or transparent phases, hydrolyzed collagen, a protein/moisture holding ingredient, and panthenol and corn syrup, both moisture holding ingredients, are all present in the first aqueous composition. However, it has been found that in a preferred embodiment of the hair care composition may use only hydrolyzed collagen and panthenol as the moisture holding ingredients. 
     It is believed that the composition need not be completely transparent or completely clear, yet would still function. This could be achieved by substituting certain types of proteins for the hydrolyzed collagen. For example, such type proteins are quaternary proteins that perform well, except that the hair care composition will not be as transparent. 
     An emulsifier is included in the first aqueous solution to provide the layer separation characteristics described below. The preferred emulsifier is Glycereth-26. It has been found to reduce the oily feel of the non-aqueous composition. Glycereth-26 is a polyethylene glycol ether of glycerin having an average ethoxylation value of 26. In the preferred embodiments of the present hair care composition, Glycereth-26 is the primary emulsifier. It is desired to minimize the number and amount of emulsifiers, since emulsifiers leave an undesired residue on the hair. 
     The first aqueous composition needs an ingredient to help break the emulsion after use. Such an ingredient should be an electrolyte. In the preferred first aqueous composition, the electrolyte is sodium chloride. 
     In the preferred embodiments of the present hair care composition, the first aqueous composition includes an ingredient to aid in combing of the hair. This combing ingredient preferably is benzalkonium chloride. Benzalkonium chloride is a mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides. As another benefit, the benzalkonium chloride acts as an emulsifier. 
     Also, preservatives, such as methylchloroisothiazolinone (5-Chloro-2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-one; and 4-Isothiazolin-3-one, 5-Chloro-2-Methyl-) and methylisothiazolinone (3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-Methyl-; 2-Methyl-3(2H)-Isothiazolone; and 2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-one), may be included in the first aqueous composition to provide further benefits to the preferred hair care composition. Such benefits include the prevention of microbial growth. 
     In the preferred embodiments of the present hair care composition, the first aqueous phase or composition has ingredients and their approximate range of percent composition by weight of the hair care composition as shown in Table A-1 below. 
     
                       TABLE A-1______________________________________Aqueous Phase for Preferred Embodiment% by weight ofEntire Composition       Ingredient     Type______________________________________65% to 79%  Water0.10% to 0.30%       Hydrolyzed Collagen                      protein/holds                      moisture0.10% to 0.30%       Panthenol      holds moisture0.20% to 0.50%       Corn Syrup     holds moisture0.10% to 0.20%       Benzalkonium Chloride                      combing aid/emulsifier0.15% to 0.75%       Glycereth-26   emulsifier0.40% to 0.80%       Sodium Chloride                      helps break emulsion                      after use  up to 0.05%       Methylchloroisothia-                      preservative       zolinone &amp; Methyl-       isothiazolinone______________________________________ 
    
     The second non-aqueous phase or composition includes at least one lubricant to prevent physical damage to the hair due to styling. The lubricant is volatile and, thus, the heat applied to the hair during heat styling causes dissipation of the lubricant. Accordingly, the lubricant covers the hair during the brushing or combing to protect the hair, but then dissipates or is removed from the hair so that it does not leave a significant residue and does not weigh down the hair, as does conditioners and emulsifiers. However, a small amount of the lubricant may be left behind, and is desired, since such an amount provides the hair with shine. 
     While a single lubricant can be used in the second non-aqueous composition, in the preferred embodiments, the second non-aqueous composition includes two lubricants, one being a hydrocarbon and the other a silicone. A hydrocarbon is desired since coloring is desired in the second non-aqueous composition since it is perceived pleasing to consumers. Also, hydrocarbons reduce the oily feel of the silicone in the hair and provides the hair with a satin feel. Silicone is desired since it is a better lubricant than hydrocarbon. Accordingly, the preferred lubricants for the second non-aqueous composition include a hydrocarbon, such as isododecane or isohexadecane, and a silicone, such as cyclomethicone. The hydrocarbon and silicone are volatile ingredients so that they readily dissipate from the hair without residue and, thereby, without weighing down the hair. 
     Isododecane is a branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon with 12 carbons. It is also known as heptane, 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-Methylene. Isohexadecane is a branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon with 16 carbons, with a empirical formula C 16  H 34 . It is also known as 2,2,4,4,6,6,8 HeptamethylInonane; 2,2,4,4,6,8,8 HeptamethylInonane; Isohexadecane (EC Erdolchemie); Isohexadecane-Bayer (Bayer AG); Nonane, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethyl-Permethyl 101A (Presperse). Cyclomethicone is a cyclic dimethyl polysiloxane compound. It is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,337,166, which issued on Jun. 29, 1982, which patent has been described above and is incorporated herein by reference. 
     For the preferred embodiments, the second non-aqueous composition of the hair care composition includes the two lubricants with their approximate range of percent composition by weight as shown in Tables A-2(1) below. 
     
                       TABLE A-2 (1)______________________________________Non-aqueous Phase For Preferred Embodiment% by weight ofEntire Composition         Ingredient   Type______________________________________12% to 22%    Isododecane  volatile hydrocarbon 5% to 12%    Cyclomethicone                      volatile silicone______________________________________ 
    
     In an alternative embodiment in which isohexadecane is used as the volatile hydrocarbon instead of isododecane, the two lubricants with their approximate range of percent composition by weight as shown in Tables A-2(2) below. 
     
                       TABLE A-2 (2)______________________________________Non-aqueous Phase For Preferred Embodiment% by weight ofEntire Composition         Ingredient   Type______________________________________5% to 15%     Isohexadecane                      volatile hydrocarbon5% to 18%     Cyclomethicone                      volatile silicone______________________________________ 
    
     It is preferred that the first aqueous and the second non-aqueous compositions or phases each have a pleasing color, and that the entire hair care composition have an eye-catching appearance so that it stands out on the shelf. For the preferred embodiment, the two compositions are placed within a clear container, are transparent and appear as two distinct, discrete colored layers. The first aqueous or water composition is the bottom layer, while the second, non-aqueous composition is the top layer. 
     Color additives may be added to the first aqueous composition and the second non-aqueous composition to provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance for the hair care composition. The color additives are soluble in their respective composition but do not migrate into the other composition. 
     Also, fragrances may be added to the first aqueous solution and the second non-aqueous solution to provide a pleasing aroma. However, at present, a fragrance is present in only the second non-aqueous composition. 
     Thus, in the preferred compositions, the first aqueous composition and the second non-aqueous composition, recited in Tables A-1 and A-2(1) and (2), respectively, above, include a color additive and the second non-aqueous composition also includes a fragrance. 
     For dispensing, the two layers are mixed together by simply shaking the container. The two layers remain mixed for a particular length of time that is sufficient to dispense the hair care composition. When the container is left alone, the hair care composition will separate again into two distinct layers. For the preferred embodiment, the time required for the two compositions to begin to separate back into discrete layers is under a minute and, for normal shaking, about 20 to about 30 seconds. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Two most preferred formulas of the hair care composition are clear compositions and are derived based on the user&#39;s type of hair. The first formula is for dry, damaged hair and the second formula is for fine or thin hair. The differences in each formula are limited to slight differences in the percentage by weight of certain ingredients, as shown in Tables B-1, B-2(1)/(2), C-1 and C2(1)/(2) below, and the use of color in the first aqueous composition of the first formula. Tables B-1 and B-2(1)/(2) show the ingredients and their approximate percent composition by weight of the hair care composition for dry, damaged hair, and Tables C-1 and C-2(1)/(2) show ingredients and their approximate percent composition by weight of the hair care composition for fine or thin hair. 
     
                       TABLE B-1______________________________________Aqueous Phase For First Formula(Pink Color)% by weight ofEntire Composition       Ingredient     Type______________________________________77.97%      Water, Purified USP0.25%       Hydrolyzed Collagen                      protein/holds moisture0.25%       Panthenol      holds moisture0.40%       Corn Syrup     holds moisturizer0.13%       Benzalkonium Chloride                      combing aid/emulsifier0.50%       Glycereth-26   emulsifier0.50%       Sodium Chloride                      helps break emulsion                      after use0.05%       Methylchloroisothia-                      preservative       zolinone &amp; Methyl-       isothiazolinone&lt;0.01%      D&amp;C Red No. 33 color______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE B-2 (1)______________________________________Non-aqueous Phase For First Formula(Purple Color)% by weight ofEntire Composition         Ingredient   Type______________________________________13.29%        Isododecane  volatile hydrocarbon6.66%         Cyclomethicone                      volatile silicone0.05%         Fragrance&lt;0.01         D&amp;C Violet #2                      color______________________________________ 
    
     In an alternative embodiment in which isohexadecane is used as the volatile hydrocarbon instead of isododecane, the non-aqueous phase with the approximate range of percent composition by weight of each ingredient is: 
     
                       TABLE B-2 (2)______________________________________Non-aqueous Phase For First Formula(Purple Color)% by weight ofEntire Composition         Ingredient   Type______________________________________5% to 15%     Isohexadecane                      volatile hydrocarbon5% to 18%     Cyclomethicone                      volatile silicone0.05%         Fragrance&lt;0.01%        D&amp;C Violet #2                      color______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE C-1______________________________________Aqueous Phase For Second Formula(Colorless)% by weight ofEntire Composition       Ingredient     Type______________________________________78.57%      Water, Purified USP0.15%       Hydrolyzed Collagen                      protein/holds moisture0.15%       Panthenol      holds moisture0.20%       Corn Syrup     holds moisture0.13%       Benzalkonium Chloride                      combing aid/emulsifier0.25%       Glycereth-26   emulsifier0.50%       Sodium Chloride                      helps break emulsion                      after use0.05%       Methylchloroisothia-                      preservative       zolinone &amp; Methyl-       isothiazolinone______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE C-2 (1)______________________________________Non-aqueous Phase For Second Formula(Purple Color)% by weight ofEntire Composition         Ingredient   Type______________________________________13.29%        Isododecane  volatile hydrocarbon6.66%         Cyclomethicone                      volatile silicone0.05%         Fragrance&lt;0.01%        D&amp;C Violet #2                      color______________________________________ 
    
     In an alternative embodiment in which isohexadecane is used as the volatile hydrocarbon instead of isododecane, the non-aqueous phase with the approximate range of percent composition by weight of each ingredient is: 
     
                       TABLE C-2 (2)______________________________________Non-aqueous Phase For Second Formula(Purple Color)% by weight ofEntire Composition         Ingredient   Type______________________________________5% to 15%     Isohexadecane                      volatile hydrocarbon5% to 18%     Cyclomethicone                      volatile silicone0.05%         Fragrance&lt;0.01%        D&amp;C Violet #2                      color______________________________________ 
    
     As indicated above, in the most preferred embodiment, the first aqueous composition is about 80% by weight of the hair care composition and the second non-aqueous composition is about 20% by weight of the hair care composition. 
     In order to apply the hair care composition, the container for the hair care composition is shaken to mix the first aqueous composition with the second non-aqueous composition into a temporary emulsion. The mixture is then applied, such as by spraying, to delivering both parts to the hair. After application, the hair care composition may be distributed evenly throughout by, for example, brushing or combing the composition through the hair. Thereafter, the hair is heat styled as desired by the consumer. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     An alternative type of hair care compositions having the ingredients and their approximate range of percent composition by weight shown in Tables D-1 and D-2 below may also be used. The alternative type shown below has a first aqueous composition of 70% by weight of the hair care composition and a second non-aqueous composition of 30% by weight of the hair care composition. One difference in this alternative type from the preferred types described in Example 1 is that significantly less water is used for the first aqueous composition of this alternative type. Even so, it has been determined through testing that the performance of all types of hair care compositions described in Examples 1 and 2 are about the same. 
     
                       TABLE D-1______________________________________Aqueous Phase (Pink Color)% by weight ofEntire Composition       Ingredient     Type______________________________________67.92%      Water, Purified USP0.25%       Hydrolyzed Collagen                      protein/holds moisture0.25%       Panthenol      holds moisture0.40%       Corn Syrup     holds moisture0.13%       Benzalkonium Chloride                      combing aid/emulsifier0.50%       Glycereth-26   emulsifier0.50%       Sodium Chloride                      helps break emulsion                      after use0.05%       Methylchloroisothia-                      preservative       zolinone &amp; Methyl-       isothiazolinone&lt;0.01%      D&amp;C Red No. 33 color______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE D-2______________________________________Non-aqueous Phase (Purple Color)% by weight ofEntire Composition         Ingredient   Type______________________________________19.95%        Isododecane  volatile hydrocarbon10.00%        Cyclomethicone                      volatile silicone0.05%         Fragrance&lt;0.01%        D&amp;C Violet #2                      color______________________________________ 
    
     It is believed that the above two examples that show the ratio of the first aqueous composition to the second non-aqueous composition be 80% versus 20% (Example 1) and 70% versus 30% (Example 2) can vary even further, but perhaps without all the benefits of these embodiments. Nonetheless, it is believed that that the ratio of the first aqueous composition to the second non-aqueous composition can vary from 50/50 to 95/5, with the most preferred and preferred embodiments set forth above clearly falling within that range. 
     For example, when the ratio of the aqueous/nonaqueous compositions is 50/50 and 95/5 respectively, the % by weight of the hair care composition is as follows: 
     
                       TABLE E-1______________________________________Aqueous Phase (Pink/Colorless)50/50 ratio      95/5 ratio    Ingredient/Type______________________________________47.00 to 49.00      92.00 to 94.00                    Water, Purified USP0.10 to 0.30      0.10 to 0.30  protein/holds moisture0.10 to 0.30      0.10 to 0.30  Panthenol0.20 to 0.50      0.20 to 0.50  Corn Syrup0.10 to 0.20      0.10 to 0.20  Benzalkonium Chloride0.15 to 0.75      0.15 to 0.75  Glycereth-260.40 to 0.80      0.40 to 0.80  Sodium Chloride______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE E-2______________________________________Non-aqueous Phase (Purple Color)50/50 ratio      95/5 ratio     Ingredient/Type______________________________________5.00 to 50.00      1.00 to 5.00   volatile hydrocarbon0.00 to 45.00      0.00 to 4.00   volatile silicone______________________________________ 
    
     It is understood that the first aqueous composition may include about 0.05% preservative, and &lt;0.01% color, and that the second non-aqueous composition may include about 0.05% fragrance and &lt;0.01% color. 
     As is shown in Table E-1 and E-2, the water and the lubricants vary while the remaining ingredients remain constant. Accordingly, for any ratio between 50/50 and 95/5, the water will proportionally increase as the lubricants proportionally decrease. 
     In addition, the amount of hydrocarbon, such as isododecane, may vary with respect to the amount of silicone, such as cyclomethicone even in the preferred embodiments, however Tables A through C set forth the most preferred ratio between the hydrocarbon and the silicone. 
     The invention having been thus described with particular reference to the preferred forms thereof, it will be obvious that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.