Abstract:
The invention regards monitoring the functional position of a hinge through a non contacting sensor, in particular working with a magnetic field, comprising a rotation position generator and a sensor unit, measuring over an angular range, wherein the rotation position generator, in particular the magnet on the one hand, and the sensor unit with the sensor element on the other hand, are opposing each other at a distance, and are rotationally fixed on the one hand to one of the pivoting parts of the hinge, and on the other hand to one of the non moving parts of the hinge, or of the component carrying the hinge.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application claims priority to German Patent Application No. 102005059538.3 filed 13 Dec. 2005.  
       STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT  
       [0002]     Not Applicable  
       THE NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT  
       [0003]     Not Applicable  
       INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC  
       [0004]     Not Applicable  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
     Field of the Invention  
       [0005]     The invention regards a process and a device for detecting the functional position of a hinge, wherein two hinge parts are pivotable relative to each other.  
         [0006]     Pivotable components like doors, windows, flaps in buildings or industrial plants, etc. are mounted to a non-moving surrounding component through hinges, so they can pivot. Typical applications are flue gas flaps, mixing flaps, valve flaps, or safety doors.  
         [0007]     In order to determine if the respective moveable component is in its closed or in its open functional position, it is state of the art to detect the functional position of the respective hinge through a hinge switch.  
         [0008]     The advantage of a continuously measuring sensor at the hinge is that if the sensor allows this, any angular position of the hinge being detected, instead of only one defined switching position. Thereby not only the completely closed position of the pivotable component can be monitored, as it is possible with simple on/off contact switches which show e.g. the closed position at the opening side of the door or the window.  
         [0009]     In a number of applications, however, it is not sufficient that the hinge sensor only displays “open” or “closed”, that is, it displays one side or the other side of a single or of a second switching position.  
         [0010]     Thus, it is necessary in technical applications, safety doors, and the like to know the exact angular position of the pivotable component at any time.  
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0011]     Therefore, it is the objective of the invention to provide a sensor hinge and a process for its application, through which the current functional position of the hinge can be detected at any time.  
         [0012]     Though the present invention is not limited to sensor elements operating through a magnetic field, for the following description this is assumed for reasons of transparency. The angle position generator is called a generator magnet or a magnet, depending on the functional principle of the sensor.  
         [0013]     In order to reliably detect the current position of the pivotable component moved by the hinge and also the position of a door, window, or flap, one of the two functional components which are connected without electrical conductivity, forming the sensor, i.e. the rotation position generator, e.g. the generator magnet on the one hand, and the sensor unit with the sensor element on the other hand, are mounted to the components of the hinge, pivotable relative to each other and/or to the components carrying these components like e.g. the door frame and the door, especially they are located on the pivoting axis of the hinge, opposed to each other and spaced in axial direction.  
         [0014]     Thereby, the particular design of the hinge is important.  
         [0015]     A hinge, most of the time, consists of two hinge latches pivotable relative to each other around a pivoting axis. They are mounted to the components to be pivoted relative to each other (e.g. door frame and door).  
         [0016]     A physical pivoting axle can be provided as a hinge bolt either in one piece integrally with one of the hinge latches or as a separate component insertable through respective openings in both hinge latches.  
         [0017]     Thereby, if the hinge bolt is coupled with one of the hinge latches in a rotation-proof manner or if it is held without its rotation position being defined, this means it performs a non-defined partial rotation, it depends again on the particular design.  
         [0018]     The two functional components of the sensor certainly may only be coupled in a rotation-proof manner to the components pivotable relative to each other. This means they are only coupled to the hinge bolt only when it is coupled in a rotation-proof manner to one of the two hinge latches, which under certain conditions can also be performed subsequently.  
         [0019]     In case a sensor element is used which cannot only detect one or several discrete switching positions but continuously operates over a complete angular range, displaying the respective current relative rotation position between magnet and the sensor element, wherein the processing electronics are capable to process this. Thereby, the current rotation position of the hinge is detected and, thereby, of the component to be pivoted, like a door or a window. These signals are preferably communicated to a monitoring center since, typically, not only the functional position of a single pivotable component is of interest but a multitude of such components, e.g. all doors and windows in a particular building.  
         [0020]     When the sensor, on the one hand, wirelessly transmits its signals to the monitoring center and, on the other hand, no hardwired energy supply is required for its energy supply, in particular the sensor is provided with energy in a wireless manner, the retrofitting effort, e.g. for monitoring all doors or windows of an existing building, is greatly reduced since all the wiring then becomes redundant, which would otherwise be necessary for every door and for every window having sensors connected via cables.  
         [0021]     A simple functional control of the particular sensors becomes possible through an optical display of the correct function of the sensor, e.g. via a LED, which can also be visible in the closed housing of the sensor through the transparent housing.  
         [0022]     The functional control should comprise as many potential sources for errors as possible, from a failure of the processing electronics to a magnet not present in the effective area of the sensor element to a broken cable, if the sensor is connected with a cable.  
         [0023]     Since the generator magnet is preferably rotationally fixed to the pivoting hinge part, thus preferably to the pivoting hinge latch, it is preferably glued to the respective face of this hinge part, i.e. the hinge latch, glued to the pivoting axle or snapped on in a form engaging manner, while the sensor unit is preferably not mounted to the hinge but to the component carrying the non-moving hinge latch, e.g. a door frame, in line with the generator magnet, mounted to a pivoting axle at a distance.  
         [0024]     Thereby, it is desirable to provide the sensor unit, which comprises the processing electronics in addition to the sensor element and to provide the sensor as small as possible.  
         [0025]     This is accomplished, on the one hand, by using a microchip as a sensor element which contains a major portion of the processing electronics and directly reacts to changes of a magnetic field in its environment.  
         [0026]     Furthermore, this is accomplished by the magnet opposing the microchip in a contact-less manner, directly affecting the sensor element (provided as a microchip) without an intermediary element. Thereby, alignment errors of the axles of the magnet, on the one hand, and the sensor element, on the other hand, are taken into account which, however, are acceptable in the context of the necessary detection precision required for these applications in order to keep the design complexity and the volume of the sensor unit as low as possible.  
         [0027]     When mounting the sensor, in particular when retrofitting it to a hinge, the following are relevant for the correct subsequent function of the sensor: the maintenance of a correct axial spacing, the maintenance of a lateral displacement not too large, and the maintenance of an angular displacement not too large, between the longitudinal axes of the magnet and the sensor unit.  
         [0028]     In order to assure this also after a first mounting and in order to be able to compensate for subsequent changes, e.g. through mounting the hinge or similar, the sensor unit can be received in a mounting device and mounted therewith to the carrier component. The mounting device can comprise adjustment devices for adjusting the position of the sensor unit, on the one hand, in axial direction of the pivoting axis of the sensor unit, and on the other hand, in at least one direction perpendicular to it.  
         [0029]     For this, different mechanical solutions are conceivable, e.g. providing the mounting device in several pieces, thus with a base plate which is mounted to the carrier component in a fixed maimer, e.g. bolted down, and a holder piece adjustable, e.g. slideable relative to it, wherein the slideability can be provided along one of the lateral axes, in longitudinal direction of the pivoting axis, or in both directions.  
         [0030]     For the adjustability in axial direction, further more, a threaded connection can be provided between the exterior circumference of the particularly cylindrical sensor unit and a respective pass-through opening of the mounting device.  
         [0031]     For zero adjustment, the sensor unit, on the one hand, and the magnet, on the other hand, can each have markers which have to be adjusted relative to each other in the direction of the pivoting axis during assembly. This can be accomplished through respective mechanical adjustment elements like a thread and a locknut, or a transversally extending clamping bolt.  
         [0032]     All of the above, however, significantly increase the design complexity and, thereby, the price of such a sensor. In addition, the visual design of this openly visible element is influenced in a very technical manner so that a visual design according to the environment is hardly possible any more.  
         [0033]     A much simpler and, thereby, less flexible and less easily adjustable possibility is to mount the sensor unit in a rigid manner to the carrier component, e.g. a door frame, to fixate it flush in the correct position and thereby simply gluing the sensor unit down, especially when the sensor unit is small and thereby light, and in particular, when it is not operated with cables and thereby no mechanical forces impact the sensor unit through the cable.  
         [0034]     In order to assure that the selected positioning is the right positioning the first time, when gluing, the positioning is preferably determined through a mounting device, wherein different mounting devices adapted to the design and to the particular dimensions of the respective hinge can be used, or a universal mounting device which can be adapted to the particular dimensions of the respective kind of hinge for this purpose, which generally only has to be done once when retrofitting a multitude of doors or windows since typically all doors or windows use the same hinges.  
         [0035]     The mounting device can be provided so that it is placed directly onto the hinge in a contacting manner and is, thereby, automatically correctly positioned relative to the hinge in an interlocking manner. This mounting device also comprises a design, in particular a gap, into which the sensor unit only needs to be inserted and glued to the carrier component in order to be placed in the correct functional position after removing the mounting device.  
         [0036]     With the assistance of a mounting device, in particular the same mounting device, as for the sensor unit, it is possible to already position and glue the magnet correctly with respect to its zero position.  
         [0037]     For this purpose, the magnet does not only have an optical marker but also an interlocking marker shaped as a protrusion or a groove through which it can work with a respective mounting device or also contacting the sensor unit itself, only for the mounting procedure.  
         [0038]     The magnet is then positioned through an interlocking marker in the correct rotation position and correctly positioned on the pivoting axle of the hinge, moved forward against the hinge and fixed there, thus snapped in place or glued down. Thereafter, the component which has positioned it with respect to its rotation position is disengaged from magnet, this can be a mounting device, or the sensor unit itself.  
         [0039]     In spite of gluing the sensor unit and/or the magnet, in case of new positioning, the effort can be kept small through the use of easily disengaged glues or adhesive foils which, in spite of a secure, non-slip fixation, can be disengaged for a long time thereafter without any problems.  
         [0040]     In this way, it is possible with a mounting device fitted to the respective hinge to reach a mounting time of a sensor with wireless mounting in the range of one minute or below, while hardwired mounting would require one or several hours including putting down the wiring.  
         [0041]     Even the arrangement of the relay stations, e.g. wirelessly receiving and amplifying the radio signals of the sensor and/or then conducting it via central cables, still drastically reduces the mounting time and expense compared to a cable connection of each particular sensor.  
         [0042]     During wireless operation, the sensor unit comprises a sensor for wireless signal output, in particular through a radio transmitter working via radio frequencies. If the sensor additionally is to receive signals, e.g. for transmitting energy to the sensor, as it is performed with transponder technology, the sensor unit also includes a receiver for electromagnetic waves.  
         [0043]     Depending on the importance of the functional position of the hinge to be detected, a high safety of the sensor against failure may be required. This can be accomplished through providing, especially the sensor element, in a redundant manner, e.g. the microchip. Two of those microchips can either be arranged on two printed circuit boards located in pivoting direction behind each other or on the two opposing sides of the same printed circuit board. The different rotational direction of the sensor elements has to be considered by the processing unit.  
         [0044]     The generator magnet has to have at least a pair of magnetic poles distributed over its circumference. If it has several, e.g. four or six, different poles, in particular with these poles extending over unequal angular segments, with the help of two sensor elements, on the one hand an examination of the correct function of the primarily used sensor element can be accomplished, on the other hand also a detection of the current direction of the rotation of the hinge can be performed.  
         [0045]     The more different poles the magnet has distributed over its circumference, the faster the rotation direction can be detected and the more different potential zero positions between magnet and sensor unit are possible.  
         [0046]     In order to not interfere with the sensor unit, in particular with the processing electronics through environmental influences, the housing of the sensor unit is closed tight, in particular welded or glued. Preferably, the electronics inside the housing are encased with hardening plastic wherein the microchip acting as a sensor element can also be encased.  
         [0047]     A suitable design of the sensor element is a cylindrical housing shape having a diameter that is not larger than a diameter of the hinge in the bolt area, this means not larger than 18 mm, preferably not larger than 8 mm. Thereby, such a sensor unit mounted in line with the pivoting axis of the hinge does not protrude further radially than the bolt area of the hinge itself, whereby damages become highly unlikely, in particular tearing off from the door or from the window.  
         [0048]     Depending on the application, other housing shapes can have advantages, e.g. an L shape wherein preferably only the sensor element is mounted in one arm, preferably in the smaller one, extending perpendicular to the pivoting axis at a distance from the magnet, while all remaining functional elements up to the radio transmitter/radio receiver are housed in a larger other arm of the L shape.  
         [0049]     The advantage of this design, especially, is that the other arm and thereby the main part of the housing can be directly mounted to one of the two hinge latches and can form thereby a unit, in particular, together with the hinge which provides advantages for the first installation. In this case, no additional work has to be performed beyond the mounting of the hinge which has the sensor already mounted to it.  
         [0050]     For certain applications, it can also be useful to house the sensor unit well protected against external influences and mechanical damage.  
         [0051]     For these cases, it can be useful to house the sensor unit in the hinge bolt, wherein for retrofits, preferably the present hinge bolt is replaced with a hinge bolt, where the wall of the housing of the sensor element forms the functional surface of the hinge bolt at the same time.  
         [0052]     The sensor element, also in particular the microchip used for it, is then located close to the frontal face surface of the hinge bolt so that the magnet working together with it can be mounted in a respective axial distance on the frontal surface of the hinge on one of its latches.  
         [0053]     In this case, the hinge bolt forming the sensor unit certainly has to be mounted to the other hinge latch or still needs to be mounted so it cannot rotate relative to it.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0054]     According to the invention are subsequently described in more detail.  
         [0055]      FIGS. 1   a - c  show a first application of the hinge sensor.  
         [0056]      FIGS. 2   a - b  illustrate a second design of the sensor.  
         [0057]      FIGS. 3   a - b  show an additional design of the sensor,  
         [0058]      FIGS. 4   a - b  show a wireless sensor.  
         [0059]      FIGS. 5   a - b  illustrate components of the sensor integrated into the hinge bolt.  
         [0060]      FIGS. 6   a - c  show a first design for an initial installation of hinges.  
         [0061]      FIGS. 7   a - b  illustrate a second design for an initial installation.  
         [0062]      FIGS. 8   a - b  show the use of a mounting device.  
         [0063]      FIGS. 9   a - b  show the connection of the hinge through a mechanical clutch.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0064]      FIG. 1   a  shows atypical application of retrofitted hinges  2  through which a window  22  is pivotably connected with a window frame  21 , which is shown only partially.  
         [0065]     As it is known, hinge  2  comprises two hinge latches  2   a,  b working together, one of which is mounted to window frame  21  and the other one mounted to window  22 .  
         [0066]     Their pass-through openings are lined up and one hinge bolt  3  each is inserted through both in order to work as a pivoting axle  10 .  
         [0067]     The lower one of both hinges  2  is retrofitted with a sensor  1  according to the invention, as can be seen from enlarged  FIGS. 1   b  and  1   c.  A sensor unit  6  is mounted with a mounting device  18  in line with pivoting axis  10  at window frame  21 . A generator magnet  4 , influencing sensor unit  6 , is mounted to a lower front surface of the hinge in line with pivoting axis  10 , thus at pivoting hinge latch  2   b  or hinge bolt  3  (as shown in  FIG. 1   b ), when hinge bolt  3  is coupled in a rotationally fixed maimer with hinge latch  2   b.    
         [0068]     In the hinge  1  embodiment as can be seen from  FIG. 1   a,  sensor unit  6  and pivoting axis  10  are located exactly over a gap between window frame  21  and window  22 . Sensor unit  6  is mounted to window frame  21  via a plate-shaped mounting device protruding in lateral direction to pivoting axis  10 ′ of sensor unit  6 . Sensor unit  6  is approximately cylindrical and contains a sensor element  5  close to one front face and from which a cable  24  is run out from the other face end.  
         [0069]     Sensor unit  6  has a round, external circumference which can be snapped into an accordingly sized C-shaped holder of a mounting device  18  while being slideable in the direction of pivoting axis  10 ′.  
         [0070]     A generator magnet  4  is spaced in axial direction and is either glued to a front face of hinge bolt  3  or to a front face of hinge latch  2   b,  pivotable around a pass-through bore.  
         [0071]     Through sliding sensor unit  6  in axial direction along pivoting axis  10 ′ relative to mounting device  18 , an axial spacing “A” between magnet  4  and sensor element  5  can be adjusted, which is of great importance to the correct functioning of the sensor.  
         [0072]     As  FIG. 1   b  in a longitudinal cut of sensor unit  6  shows, furthermore, as a sensor unit  5 , a microchip  7  is being used which is mounted to an arm of an L-shaped folded printed circuit board  17 , possible partially flexible, which also contains a part of the processing electronics. The printed circuit board  17  carries a LED  9 , in this case on the other arm of the L-shaped circuit board, optically showing the correct function or an error of sensor  1 . For this purpose tight housing  8  of sensor unit  6  is transparent, that is, at least transparent for the light emitted by LED  9 .  
         [0073]      FIG. 2   a  shows a design wherein only a mounting device  18 ′ is selected in a different manner, the holder part for receiving sensor unit  6  being a circumferentially closed profile.  
         [0074]     Furthermore, the plate-shaped protrusion of holder part  18 ′ is provided for mounting to the underground with two slots, perpendicular to the pivoting axis  10 ′, in order to be able to compensate for a lateral displacement of hinge  2  relative to pivoting axis  10 ′.  
         [0075]     In  FIG. 2   a,  furthermore, at one position of a circumference of magnet  4 , as well as close to the front face at sensor unit  6 , a zero marker  12 ,  12 ′ is located. The zero markers  12 ,  12 ′ have to line up with each other in a selected zero position of the hinge (e.g. the completely open, or the completely closed position).  
         [0076]      FIG. 3  shows a design of the sensor similar to  FIG. 2  but differs in so far as housing  8  of sensor unit  6 , seen in cross section, sensor element  5 , thus typically the microchip  7 , is eccentrically located  10  relative to an exterior circumference of the housing  8 . Through rotating housing  8  in mounting device  18  sensor, which is possible through a thread  19  on an external circumference of housing  8  as a first positioning device  15 , on the one hand the axial position and, on the other hand, the distance of the sensor from a base surface  26 , onto which the mounting device  18 ″ is mounted, can be adjusted.  
         [0077]     The lateral distance can be adjusted along base surface  26  through slots  23  as a second adjustment device  16  through which the bolting of the adjustment device  18 ″ to the base is performed. During assembly, one can proceed so that initially the correct axial distance “A” is set through bolting along the first adjustment device  15  and upon completion, the correct distance of sensor  5  to base surface  26  is adjusted. The resulting zero rotation position of sensor unit  6  must also be maintained for magnet  4 , which is to be fastened subsequently.  
         [0078]     If the magnet has already been mounted previously, the rotation position of sensor unit  6  has to be adjusted so that the distance of sensor unit  5  to base surface  26  cannot be selected freely any more.  
         [0079]     The compensation in lateral direction is performed through sliding of mounting device  18  along slots  23 .  
         [0080]     The rotation position of sensor unit  6  relative to mounting device  18  can be fixed through a locknut, threaded onto the exterior thread of sensor unit  6  for which a grommet  25  can be used, support against mounting device  18 , which is to be threaded onto a socket  29  as a cable exit, securing a plug to be inserted in this location.  
         [0081]      FIG. 4  shows an application of sensor  1  with a fundamentally different hinge wherein the pivoting axis  10 , and thereby hinge bolt  3 , are completely located on door frame  21 ′. The respective hinge latch  2   a  is basically cylindrical, while the other hinge latch  2   b  mounted to the door  22 ′ reaches out far enough so that it protrudes up to pivoting axis  10  on door hinge  21 ′.  
         [0082]     In this case no lateral offset of sensor  1  through a mounting device is necessary. Therefore, sensor unit  6  can be mounted with its longitudinal axis in line with pivoting axis  10 , in this case, directly below hinge  2 , preferably through gluing as shown in  FIG. 4   a.  Magnet  4  is thereby glued to a lower face of the separate hinge bolt  3  protruding from lower hinge latch  2   a  which is rotationally fixed e.g. through a clamping bolt  27  to hinge latch  2   b  bolted to door  22 ′.  
         [0083]     On the other hand,  FIG. 4   b  shows an application wherein hinge bolt  3  is not a separate component but integrally formed with hinge latch  2   a  as an upward protruding pinion fastened to door frame  21 ′. The other hinge latch  2   b  has a respective opening and is placed onto a free end of hinge bolt  3  from above.  
         [0084]     In this embodiment, sensor unit  6  is glued to door frame  21 ′ above an upper end of the hinge in line with its pivoting axis  10 . Disk shaped magnet  4  is glued to an upper face of the non-moving hinge bolt  3  as long as it is not recessed too far into the pivotable hinge latch  2   b . Otherwise, spacer elements have to be placed there.  
         [0085]     In  FIG. 4 , sensor unit  6  is shown as a wireless unit, accordingly comprising at least one transmitter, in particular a radio transmitter  13 , possibly also a receiver, in particular a radio receiver  14 .  
         [0086]     On the other hand,  FIG. 5   a  shows a solution similar to  FIGS. 1 and 2  with magnet  4  on hinge  2  and a hardwired sensor unit  6  on the extended pivoting unit  10 .  
         [0087]     However, magnet  4  hereby is not glued to one of the parts of hinge  2  but receded into a therefore provided frontal gap of hinge bolt  3  which, on the other hand, requires that hinge bolt  3  pivots with the pivoting hinge part, e.g.  2   a,  which is accomplished through a clamping bolt  27  extending in lateral direction.  
         [0088]      FIG. 5   b  on the other hand shows the reverse solution.  
         [0089]     In a face surface, that is, in the front face surface in insertion direction of hinge bolt  3 , a dead hole or pass-through hole is located wherein a preferably cylindrical sensor unit  6  is located, e.g. threaded or glued in.  
         [0090]     Magnet  4  is in line with pivoting axis  10  and glued to a front face of hinge  2 , thus to the other hinge latch (e.g.  2   b ), which is rotationally fixed to hinge bolt  3 .  
         [0091]     If, thereby, hinge bolt  3  and also sensor element  5  protrudes too far from the hinge, magnet  4  has to be placed in the right distance relative to the hinge and relative to sensor element  5  through annular spacers.  
         [0092]     FIGS.  6  show a sensor  1 ′ with an L-shaped housing  8 * that is preferably provided together with hinge  2 ″ for a new installation.  
         [0093]     As is best shown in the expanded cut view of  FIG. 6   b,  sensor unit  6  is integrated into one of hinge latches  2 ″ a  or located on it next to the pass-through component for bolt  3  so that a short and thin other arm  8 . 1  of housing  8  protrudes in front of the front face of the hinge thereby crossing its pivoting axis  10 .  
         [0094]     Thereby, it becomes apparent that microchip  7 , serving as a sensor element  5  including its carrier printed circuit board  17 , is located in this arm  8 . 1 . Magnet  4  is placed in the front face of hinge bolt  3  opposite to microchip  7 .  
         [0095]     In this case, the other arm  8 . 2  of the housing can grow up or enlarge to a thickness of the hinge bolt area without interfering. This design provides much more interior space, e.g. for housing transmitters, receivers, or also a battery, or a rechargeable battery. This design is suitable, in particular, for new installations due to its integral design together with the one hinge latch  2 ′ a.    
         [0096]     A cable exit, either shaped as a cable grommet  28  as shown in  FIGS. 6   b  and  6   c  or formed as plug sockets  29  as shown in the analogous  FIGS. 7   a  and  7   b  can be located, depending on the application, in one of the directions of the main plane of hinge latch  2   a,  which carries sensor unit  6 , or can also  10  protrude perpendicular to it. Wherein in  FIGS. 6 and 7  all three possibilities are drawn out simultaneously, in reality, however, only one of them will be provided.  
         [0097]      FIG. 8  shows the fast positioning and fastening of sensor  1  with a mounting device  32 .  
         [0098]     Initially, magnet  4  is positioned at a correct distance relative to an effective front face of housing  8  of sensor unit  6  by inserting a disk-shaped spacer  31  between this front face and magnet  4 , having a protrusion  31   a,  or an indentation as a zero position marker in the direction towards the sensor unit  6 , and also in the direction towards the magnet  4 , so that these two subassemblies are not only positioned at the right distance, but also in the correct rotation position relative to each other.  
         [0099]     The whole functional assembly comprising abutting magnets  4 , spacer  31 , and sensor unit  6  is now approached in the direction of the pivoting axis  10 . with magnet  4  in front towards the component, e.g. the front face of hinge bolt  3  to which magnet  4  is to be fastened.  
         [0100]     In order to keep the lateral misalignment and also the angular misalignment of the longitudinal axis  10 ′ of sensor unit  6  relative to pivoting axis  10  of hinge  2  as small as possible, a mounting fixture  32  is previously attached to hinge  2  which is in mechanical contact with the front face of the hinge in axial direction and with the sides of the hinge in lateral direction and can be adjusted in its width if necessary.  
         [0101]     Mounting fixture  32  has a free space  32   a  corresponding to the width of a functional group so that this functional group can be inserted into free space  32   a,  moved forward until magnet  4  abuts to the hinge, e.g. to hinge bolt  3 . In this position, magnet  4  has to be pressed and glued relative to hinge  2 . Also sensor unit  6  has to be pressed and glued, e.g. relative to the door frame.  
         [0102]     After extracting spacer  31  between magnet  4  and sensor unit  6 , the sensor is functional and mounting fixture  32  can be removed again.  
         [0103]     FIGS.  9  show a design of the sensor wherein also magnet  4  is located in an interior of housing  8 .  
         [0104]     Thereby, magnet  4  is rotationally fixed on an inward facing surface of a shaft  30  which, in turn, is held in bearings in housing  8  so that it protrudes into the exterior of housing  8  with its other end.  
         [0105]     Magnet  4  is located at a right distance relative to sensor element  5 , in particular, relative to microchip  7 .  
         [0106]     This outward facing end of shaft  30  has a coupling device for coupling to the pivoting part of hinge  2 , in particular of hinge bolt  3  so that after coupling, magnet  4  is rotationally fixed in a mechanical manner to the pivotable part of the hinge, e.g. hinge bolt  3 .  
         [0107]     In the manner as shown in  FIG. 9   b,  shaft  30  can be rotationally fixed in a mechanical manner through any kind of mechanical drive system to the pivotable part of hinge  2 . Thereby, sensor  1  can be located remotely from hinge  2 .  
         [0108]     Thus,  FIG. 9   b  shows a solution wherein shaft  30  held in bearings in the housing is coupled via a flexible shaft  30 ′ with the hinge bolt so that pivoting axis  10  of sensor  1  does not have to coincide any more with pivoting axis  10  of the hinge. Therefore, sensor  1  can be located at an upper crossbeam of a door frame.  
         [0109]     According to  FIG. 9   a,  shaft  30  is directly coupled with hinge bolt  3  and, thereby, the longitudinal axis  10 ′ of sensor  1  is in line with pivoting axis  10  of hinge  2 .