Abstract:
Disclosed is an ink jet printer head actuator and a manufacturing method thereof. The ink jet printer head actuator comprises a vibrating plate, a portion of a plate surface of the vibrating plate being mechanically deformed by an external force; a chamber plate formed with a plurality of chambers, the chamber plate sucking and discharging ink into and out of the plurality of chambers by vibration of the vibrating plate; a protective thin film intervened between the vibrating plate and the chamber plate for preventing the vibrating plate from being etched when the plurality of chambers are formed in the chamber plate and for preventing the vibrating plate from being corroded by keeping ink in the plurality of chambers from being brought into contact with the vibrating plate; a plurality of piezoelectric elements attached to a surface of the vibrating plate for vibrating portions of the vibrating plate which correspond to the plurality of chambers, respectively, while being deformed in a lengthwise direction depending upon electric power supply; and a plurality of electrodes at least laminated on the plurality of piezoelectric elements for supplying electric power thereto, respectively. In the manufacturing method, a protective thin film of gold acts as an etch stop layer while etching the chamber plate of nickel relative to the vibrating plate of nickel.

Description:
This is a division, of application Ser. No. 9/336,662, filed Jun. 18, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,223. Each of these prior applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to an ink jet printer head actuator and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly, the present invention relates to an ink jet printer head actuator and a manufacturing method thereof, in which a protective thin film serving as an etching ceasing layer is integrally deposited between a vibrating plate and a chamber plate made of thin metal plates, whereby formation of a plurality of chambers by etching in the chamber plate is performed in a more precise and economical manner, and the vibrating plate is prevented from being corroded due to direct contact with ink, whereby mechanical rigidity of a printer head is improved. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Generally, ink firing scheme in an ink jet printer head is largely divided into a thermal bubble jet type ink firing scheme and a piezo transducer type ink firing scheme. 
     In the thermal bubble jet type ink firing scheme, by electrically heating a chamber, ink which is stored in a chamber is fired through a nozzle by thermal expansion. In the piezo transducer type ink firing scheme, by driving a vibrating plate by a piezoelectric actuator, ink which is stored in a chamber is fired through a nozzle by vibrating force of the vibrating plate. 
     Because ink particles fired in these manners as described above have a size of several tens μm (about 40 μm) and a plurality of particles are fired simultaneously in many places, precise operability is required above all things. 
     FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the piezo transducer type ink firing scheme which is widely used between the two ink firing schemes. In the piezo transducer type ink firing scheme, as a piezoelectric device, PZT is used. 
     In an ink jet printer head used in this piezo transducer type ink firing scheme, a nozzle plate  110 , a reservoir plate  120 , a restrictor plate  130 , a chamber plate  140  and a vibrating plate  150  are sequentially laminated from bottom to top. A lower electrode  161 , a piezoelectric element  163  and an upper electrode  162  are also sequentially laminated on the vibrating plate  150  thereby to constitute a piezoelectric actuator  160 . 
     In the above construction, the nozzle plate  110  is formed at its one side with a nozzle  111  of a small diameter. The nozzle  111  defines a discharging hole through which ink is actually fired. 
     The reservoir plate  120  which is laminated on the nozzle plate  110  is formed at one side thereof with a through hole  122  which is communicated with the nozzle  111  of the nozzle plate  110  for introducing ink into the nozzle  111  and at the other side thereof with a reservoir  121  which stores a proper amount of ink. 
     The restrictor plate  130  which is laminated on the reservoir plate  120  is formed at one side thereof with a through hole  132  which is communicated with the through hole  122  which is formed in the reservoir plate  120  to define a fluid passage and at the other side thereof with a restrictor  131  of a small diameter such that the restrictor  131  is communicated with the reservoir  121  for allowing a predetermined amount of ink to flow therethrough. 
     The chamber plate  140  which is laminated on the restrictor plate  130  is formed with a chamber  141  which are simultaneously communicated with the restrictor  131  and the through hole  132  which are formed at both sides of the restrictor plate  130 , respectively. Ink flows into the chamber  141  through the restrictor  131  and flows out of the chamber  141  through the through hole  132 . The chamber plate  140  allows ink flowing out of the chamber  141  to be fired through the nozzle  111  of the nozzle plate  110  after flowing through the through hole  132  of the restrictor plate  130  and the through hole  122  of the reservoir plate  120 . 
     On the other hand, the vibrating plate  150  which is laminated on the chamber plate  140  covers an upper end of the chamber  141  which is opened at an upper end of the chamber plate  140 . The vibrating plate  150  enables ink flowed into the chamber  141  to flow out of the chamber  141  through the through hole  132  of the restrictor plate  130 . In this connection, the vibrating plate  150  serves as an operating section which actually changes volume of the chamber  141  by its flexural deformation, thereby changing pressure in the chamber  141  to allow ink to flow. 
     Because the flexural deformation of the vibrating plate  150  cannot be naturally generated, the piezoelectric actuator  160  is provided on the vibrating plate  150  for rendering the flexural deformation of the vibrating plate  150 . 
     As described above, the piezoelectric actuator  160  comprises the lower electrode  161 , the upper electrode  162  and the piezoelectric element  163  intervened therebetween. The piezoelectric actuator  160  serves as driving means which generates deformation of the piezoelectric element  163  by intermittent control of electric power which is supplied from the outside to the piezoelectric element  163 . 
     In other words, piezoelectric element  163  contracts and expands depending upon electric power supply between the upper electrode  162  and the lower electrode  161 , and as this flexural deformation of the piezoelectric element  163  is transferred to the vibrating plate  150  as it is, the flexural deformation of the vibrating plate  150  is generated. 
     Accordingly, if the piezoelectric actuator  160  is electrically driven, as the flexural deformation of the vibrating plate  150  is generated, the volume within the chamber  141  of the chamber plate  140  is changed. If the volume expands, ink flows into the chamber  141  from the reservoir  121  through the restrictor  131 , and if the volume contracts, ink flows out of the chamber  141  through the respective through holes  132  and  122  and the nozzle  111  of the nozzle plate  110 . 
     On the other hand, as the conventional piezoelectric element is required to endure a high temperature (conventionally 800° C.-1200° C.) due to its manufactural peculiarity, the lower electrode  161  and the vibrating plate  150  which are provided below the piezoelectric element  163  must be made using heat resistant material (such as platinum, zirconium, etc.) which will not be deformed at a temperature higher than the above temperature. However, recently, as a method for manufacturing a piezoelectric element at a low temperature is disclosed in the art, it is possible to use various materials for making the vibrating plate  150 . 
     However, because the vibrating plate  150  is flexurally deformed as actual operating means which functions to suck ink into the chamber  141  and discharge ink through the nozzle  111 , there is caused a problem in that adherence between the vibrating plate  150  and the chamber plate  140  is likely to be deteriorated. 
     That is to say, in order to couple the chamber plate  140  to the vibrating plate  150 , in the conventional structure in which the vibrating plate  150  and the chamber plate  140  are made of ceramic materials, the vibrating plate  150  in the form of paste is applied onto the manufactured chamber plate  140  and then baked. Also, alternatively, separately manufactured vibrating plate  150  and the chamber plate  140  can be bonded to each other by using adhesive. 
     Especially, as shown in FIG. 2, the coupling structure between the vibrating plate  150  and the chamber plate  140  can be obtained in such a manner that a non-metallic mold  200  is attached to the vibrating plate  150  to define a space which is to be the chamber  141 , and after the chamber plate  140  is formed around the non-metallic mold  200  by electroforming, the non-metallic mold  200  is removed. 
     However, with this methods for coupling the vibrating plate  150  and the chamber plate  140  with each other by baking or bonding as described above, not only it is difficult to maintain sufficient mechanical rigidity between the vibrating plate  150  and the chamber plate  140  when the vibrating plate  150  is flexurally deformed, but also it is difficult to form the plurality of chambers  141  having a size of several hundred μm (about 200 μm) in the chamber plate  140  such that they have an interval (about 100 μm) between two adjoining chambers  141 , which is less than the size of themselves. Specifically, since separate costly equipment is required in order to form the plurality of chambers  141 , manufacturing cost of the printer head is increased. 
     Also, in the case that the plurality of chambers  141  are formed by electroforming as shown in FIG. 2, as a fine difference is induced depending upon particulars in attaching the non-metallic mold  200  to the vibrating plate  150 , as can be readily seen from FIG. 3, it is difficult to keep constant a distance t 1  from an outside edge of the chamber plate  140  to the chamber  141  and an interval t 2  between two adjoining chambers  141 . Especially, since there is a tendency that the distance t 1  from the outside edge portion of the chamber plate  140  to the chamber  141  is larger than the interval t 2  between two adjoining chambers  141 , adhering strength between the chamber plate  140  and the restrictor plate  130  varies from article to article. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, the present invention has been made in an effort to solve the problems occurring in the related art, and a primary object of the present invention is to enable a plurality of chambers to be defined in a chamber plate in an easier manner so that they are uniformly spaced apart one from another and have uniform size, by manufacturing a vibrating plate and a chamber plate by thin metal plates and by integrally forming a protective thin film between the vibrating plate and the chamber plate. 
     Another object of the present invention is to increase mechanical rigidity of a vibrating plate and at the same time, to ensure uniform operability of the vibrating plate, by forming the vibrating plate with metallic material which is the same as that used for forming a chamber plate. 
     Still another object of the present invention is to improve durability of a vibrating plate by preventing the vibrating plate from being oxidated by the fact that ink is kept from being brought into direct contact with the vibrating plate by a protective thin film having oxidation-resistant property. 
     In order to achieve the above objects, according to the present invention, a chamber plate and a vibrating plate which are made of thin metal plates are integrally coupled with a protective thin film which serves as an etching ceasing layer, and the chamber plate is formed with a plurality of chambers which have uniform size and interval, by being patterned by a photolithographic process and an etching process. At this time, the protective thin film intervened between the chamber plate and the vibrating plate serves as an etching ceasing layer as described above when the plurality of chambers are formed and functions to prevent the vibrating plate from being corroded due to its direct contact with ink when it is applied to an article, thereby to improve productivity and article performance. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The above objects, and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent after a reading of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an ink jet printer head according to the conventional art; 
     FIG. 2 is a flow diagram for explaining a coupling procedure between a chamber plate and a vibrating plate in the ink jet printer head of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a plan view of the chamber plate which is manufactured by the coupling procedure of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an actuator of an ink jet printer head in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a plan view of a chamber plate of the ink jet printer head of FIG. 4; 
     FIGS. 6 through 14 are cross-sectional views illustrating manufacturing processes of a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein, 
     FIG. 6 illustrates a step of forming a vibrating plate on a substrate; 
     FIG. 7 illustrates a step of depositing a protective thin film onto the vibrating plate of FIG. 6; 
     FIG. 8 illustrates a step of depositing a chamber plate onto the protective thin film of FIG. 7; 
     FIG. 9 illustrates a step of forming a photoresist layer on the chamber plate of FIG. 8; 
     FIG. 10 illustrates a step of exposing the photoresist layer of FIG. 9; 
     FIG. 11 illustrates a step of removing an exposed portion of the photoresist layer of FIG. 10; 
     FIG. 12 illustrates a step of supplying etching solution through the exposed portion of the photoresist layer of FIG. 11; 
     FIG. 13 illustrates a step of forming a chamber by etching in FIG. 12; 
     FIG. 14 illustrates a step of removing the photoresist layer which is left on the chamber plate, after the chamber is formed in the step of FIG. 13; 
     FIG. 15 is a schematic view illustrating a state wherein the photoresist layer is exposed; 
     FIGS. 16 through 18 are cross-sectional views illustrating manufacturing processes of a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein, 
     FIG. 16 illustrates a step of forming a chamber plate on a substrate; 
     FIG. 17 illustrates a step of depositing a protective thin film onto the chamber plate of FIG. 16; and 
     FIG. 18 illustrates a step of depositing a vibrating plate onto the protective thin film of FIG.  17 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made in greater detail to a preferred embodiment of the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts. 
     Generally, a micro actuator in an ink jet printer head comprises a piezoelectric actuator, a vibrating plate which integrally operated by the piezoelectric actuator and a chamber plate which is coupled to the vibrating plate. 
     In a micro actuator according to the present invention, a vibrating plate in which a portion of a plate surface is mechanically deformed and a chamber plate which is formed to have a thickness larger than that of the vibrating plate are made of thin metal plates, and a protective thin film which has a fine thickness and serves as an etching ceasing layer is deposited between the vibrating plate and the chamber plate. By this, when performing an etching process for forming a plurality of chambers in the chamber plate, the plurality of chambers can be formed only in the chamber plate with aid of the etching ceasing function of the protective thin film. 
     In other words, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, a vibrating plate  10  and a chamber plate  30  are made of thin metal plates, a protective thin film  20  which is made of noble metal and serves as an etching ceasing layer is deposited between the vibrating plate  10  and the chamber plate  30 . A plurality of chambers  31  which suck and discharge in response to an operation of the vibrating plate  10 , are formed in the chamber plate  30  by etching such that they have a desired configuration and a size. Above the plurality of chambers  31  of the chamber plate  30 , a plurality of piezoelectric elements  40  which are deformed in a lengthwise direction by electric power supply thereto to vibrate the vibrating plate  10 , are attached on the vibrating plate  10  such that they correspond to the plurality of chamber  31 , respectively, and a plurality of electrodes  50  are laminated at least on the plurality of piezoelectric elements  40  for supplying electric power to the plurality of piezoelectric elements  40 , respectively. 
     At this time, one of the vibrating plate  10  and the chamber plate  30  can be manufactured through a separate rolling or can be manufactured by electroforming such that is deposited on the other. 
     In addition, while the plurality of chambers  31  are formed in the chamber plate  30  by etching such that they have a predetermined size and a predetermined interval between two adjoining chambers  31 , specifically, each of the chambers  31  can be formed with a restrictor  32  which is narrowed in its width in a portion of the chamber  31  to adjust flowing velocity of ink, as shown in FIG.  5 . 
     On the other hand, between the piezoelectric elements  40  and the electrodes  50  which are deposited onto the vibrating plate  10 , while the electrodes  50  generally include both of upper electrodes and lower electrodes, in the present invention, since the vibrating plate  10  is made of conductive metal, when the vibrating plate  10  is used as a common electrode, lower electrodes can be omitted, and accordingly, only upper electrodes can be formed on the piezoelectric elements  40 , respectively. 
     The micro actuator constructed as mentioned above is manufactured by a method as described below. 
     FIGS. 6 through 14 illustrate a method for manufacturing a micro actuator in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. First of all, a separate substrate  60  for manufacturing a multi-layered plate construction is prepared. 
     Then, the vibrating plate  10  is formed on the substrate  60  to have a predetermined thickness as shown in FIG.  6 . At this time, the vibrating plate  10  can be formed of a metal plate which is manufactured by rolling separately from the substrate  60  and can be detachably coupled to the substrate  60 . Alternatively, the vibrating plate  10  can be deposited onto the substrate  60  by electroforming. Also, in a further different way, the vibrating plate  10  can be formed on the substrate  60  by a vacuum vapor deposition technique such as sputtering or evaporation. 
     The vibrating plate  10  formed in this way has as its main constituents nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chrome (Cr), tin (Sn), or iron (Fe). Among these, it is most preferred that the vibrating plate  10  has, as its main constituent, nickel (Ni). It is also preferred that the vibrating plate  10  has a thickness of 3-50 μm. 
     The protective thin film  20  which is made of noble metal and serves as an etching ceasing layer, is deposited on the vibrating plate  10  which is formed on the substrate  60 , such that it has a fine thickness. At this time, the protective thin film  20  is formed by vapor deposition using electroforming or by vacuum vapor deposition such as evaporation. While the protective thin film  20  can have its main constituents which are the same as those of the vibrating plate  10 , it is preferred that the protective film  20  is made of noble metal material such as gold (Au), platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd), or a stainless steel plate and has a thickness of 0.05-2 μm. 
     Further, the chamber plate  30  which is made of metal is deposited onto the protective thin film  20  such that it has a thickness which is larger than that of the vibrating plate  10 . At this time, the chamber plate  30  is formed by electroforming or by vacuum vapor deposition such as sputtering or evaporation. The chamber plate  30  formed in this way has as its main constituents nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chrome (Cr), tin (Sn), or iron (Fe), similarly as in the case of the vibrating plate  10 . Among these, it is most preferred that the chamber plate  30  has as its main constituent nickel (Ni). It is also preferred that the chamber plate  30  has a thickness of 10-500 μm. 
     As described above, after the multi-layered plate is formed by sequentially laminating the vibrating plate  10 , the protective thin film  20  and the chamber plate  30  on the substrate  60 , the substrate  60  is detached from the multi-layered plate, and the plurality of chambers  31  are formed in the chamber plate  30  as shown in FIGS. 9 through 14. 
     On one surface of the chamber plate  30  which is opposed to the other surface thereof onto which the protective layer  20  is deposited, there is applied photoresist solution to a constant thickness to define a photoresist layer  70 . After soft baking the photoresist layer  70  for a predetermined time so as to cure it, exposing and developing operations are performed using a shadow mask  80  in which a plurality of holes  81  are formed such that they are spaced apart one from another, as shown in FIG.  10 . By the fact that an exposed portion of the photoresist layer  70  is washed by using washing solution, an unnecessary portion of the photoresist layer  70  is removed. 
     It is most preferred that, when W is an area of each chamber  31  to be formed in the chamber plate  30 , an area M of the exposed portion in the photoresist layer  70  which is exposed by the shadow mask  80  as described above, satisfies a formula M≦W, as shown in FIG.  15 . 
     On the other hand, FIG. 11 illustrates a state wherein the exposed portion of the photoresist layer  70  is completely removed by the washing solution. In this state, hard baking is performed, and etching solution is supplied to a portion of the chamber plate  30  which is exposed through the removed portion of the photoresist layer  70 , thereby to etch the chamber plate  30 . 
     When etching the chamber plate  30 , if the etching solution performing etching function passes through an entire thickness of the chamber plate  30  to reach the protective thin film  20 , etching is ceased not to occur any more in the widthwise direction. After a predetermined time is lapsed in this state, side etching is automatically ceased to define the chamber  31  having a desired size. 
     Upon etching, by lengthening an actual etching time such that it is longer than the time over which the etching solution reaches the protective thin film  20 , it is possible to obtain an angle of a side wall of the chamber  31  which approaches substantially to 90°. 
     If the chamber  31  is formed by etching to have a configuration as shown in FIG. 13, by performing a stripping using a stripper, cross-sections of the etched chambers  31  can be at a standstill. Finally, by chemically removing the photoresist layer  70  which is left on the chamber plate  30 , the multi-layered plate as shown in FIG. 14 can be obtained. 
     In the multi-layered plate, if the piezoelectric elements  40  and the electrodes  50  are formed on the vibrating plate  10 , the desired ink jet printer head actuator can be obtained. 
     On the other hand, between the piezoelectric elements  40  and the electrodes  50  which are formed on the vibrating plate  10 , the piezoelectric elements  40  are deposited onto the vibrating plate  10  by screen printing, molding or coating, as in the conventional art, and the electrodes  50  may be deposited onto the piezoelectric elements  40 , respectively, by electroforming or vacuum vapor deposition. 
     Specifically, in the present embodiment, since the vibrating plate  10  is made of metal, electrodes which are divided into upper electrodes and lower electrodes can only include upper electrodes  50 , and the vibrating plate  10  can be used as a common electrode. 
     As described above, by enabling the vibrating plate  10  and the chamber plate  30  to have their main constituents nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chrome (Cr), tin (Sn), or iron (Fe), manufacturing operations can be easily performed. 
     Further, due to the fact that the protective thin film  20  is made of noble metal material such as gold (Au), platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd), or a stainless steel plate, when the chamber plate  30  is etched, etching does not occur in other structural components except for the chamber plate  30 , whereby it is possible to prevent the vibrating plate  10  from being corroded due to direct contact with ink when the micro actuator is applied to an article. 
     In the meanwhile, FIGS. 16 through 18 illustrate a second embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment has its own characteristic in that a laminating sequence in a multi-layered plate is differentiated from that in the case of the first embodiment. 
     Namely, on the contrary that the vibrating plate  10  is initially formed on the substrate  60  in the fist embodiment, in the present embodiment, the chamber plate  30  is initially formed on the substrate  60 . 
     At this time, the chamber plate  30  can be formed of a metal plate which is separately manufactured from the substrate  60  and can be detachably coupled to the substrate  60 . Alternatively, the chamber plate  30  can be formed such that it is deposited onto the substrate  60  by electroforming. Also, in a further different way, the chamber plate  30  can be formed on the substrate  60  by a vacuum vapor deposition technique such as sputtering or evaporation. 
     The chamber plate  30  formed in this way has as its main constituents nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chrome (Cr), tin (Sn), or iron (Fe). Among these, it is most preferred that the chamber plate  30  has as its main constituent nickel (Ni). It is also preferred that the chamber plate  30  has a thickness of 10-500 μm. 
     The protective thin film  20  which is made of noble metal and serves as an etching ceasing layer is deposited on the chamber plate  30  which is formed on the substrate  60 , such that it has a fine thickness. At this time, the protective thin film  20  is formed by vapor deposition using electroforming or by vacuum vapor deposition such as evaporation. While the protective thin film  20  can have its main constituents nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chrome (Cr), tin (Sn) or iron (Fe) which are the same as those of the chamber plate  30 , it is preferred that the protective film  20  is made of noble metal material such as gold (Au), platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd), or a stainless steel plate and has a thickness of 0.05-2 μm. 
     Further, the vibrating plate  10  which is made of metal is deposited onto the protective thin film  20 . At this time, the vibrating plate  10  is formed by electroforming or by vacuum vapor deposition such as sputtering or evaporation. The vibrating plate  10  formed in this way has as its main constituents nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chrome (Cr), tin (Sn), or iron (Fe), similarly as in the case of the chamber plate  30 . Among these, it is most preferred that the vibrating plate  10  has as its main constituent nickel (Ni). It is also preferred that the vibrating plate  10  has a thickness of 3-50 μm. 
     As described above, after the multi-layered plate is formed by sequentially laminating the chamber plate  30 , the protective thin film  20  and the vibrating plate  10  on the substrate  60 , the substrate  60  is detached from the multi-layered plate, and the plurality of chambers  31  are formed in the chamber plate  30  in the same manner in the case of the first embodiment as shown in FIGS. 9 through 14. 
     In the multi-layered plate in which the plurality of chambers  31  are formed, if the piezoelectric elements  40  and the electrodes  50  are formed on the vibrating plate  10 , the desired ink jet printer head actuator having a configuration as shown in FIG. 14 can be obtained. Of course, at this time, similarly as in the first embodiment, between the piezoelectric elements  40  and the electrodes  50  which are formed on the vibrating plate  10 , the piezoelectric elements  40  are deposited onto the vibrating plate  10  by screen printing, molding or coating, and the electrodes  50  may be deposited onto the piezoelectric elements  40 , respectively, by electroforming or vacuum vapor deposition. 
     As described above, in the present invention, since the vibrating plate  10  and the chamber plate  30  are made of thin metal plates, it is possible to manufacture the actuator with a desired minimum thickness. 
     Also, by the fact that each chamber  31  is formed by the etching process such that it is partially narrowed in its width, the restrictor  32  can be integrally and directly formed in the chamber plate  30 , whereby a separate restrictor plate can be omitted thereby to reduce the number of components. 
     As a result of the omission of a separate restrictor plate, as described above, manufacturing cost of the printer head is reduced, the printer head can be miniaturized and a layout space can be enlarged. 
     Further, since the plurality of chambers  31  are formed by post-processing the chamber plate  31  using the photolithographic process and the etching process in a state wherein the vibrating plate  10 , the protective thin film  20  and the chamber plate  30  are sequentially and integrally laminated one upon another, positional allowances between respective chambers  31  are almost removed, more uniform ink firing efficiency is accomplished, coupling force of the chamber plate  30  with another member, that is, adherence of the chamber plate  30  with the restrictor plate, the reservoir plate or the nozzle plate is uniformed thereby to achieve more firm adhering force. 
     In addition to this, since costly equipment such as a high precision penetrating machine which is otherwise needed in the conventional art, is not needed according to the present invention, manufacturing cost of the printer head can be remarkably reduced and mass production becomes possible. 
     Therefore, in the present invention, since a protective thin film made of noble metal is integrally formed between a vibrating plate and a chamber plate which are made of thin metal plates, mechanical rigidity of the vibrating plate is enhanced and formation of a plurality of chambers by post-processing is easily performed, whereby manufacturing cost including equipment cost and material cost is conspicuously reduced and at the same time, when an actuator is applied to an article, the vibrating plate is prevented from being corroded by ink thereby being elevated in durability. 
     In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed typical preferred embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.