Abstract:
A ground fault circuit interrupter device having a single actuator for sequentially activating a circuit interrupting portion when the device is in a reset condition and a reset portion when the device is in a tripped condition. The circuit interrupting portion breaks a conductive path between a line terminal and load terminal upon the occurrence of a predetermined condition thereby placing the device in the tripped condition and the reset portion reestablishes the conductive path between the line terminal and the load terminal thereby placing the device in the reset condition.

Description:
[0001]     This application claims the benefit of the filing date of a provisional application having Ser. No. 60/560,446 which was filed on Apr. 8, 2004. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present application is directed to a family of resettable circuit interrupting devices and systems that comprises ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI&#39;s), arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCI&#39;s), immersion detection circuit interrupters (IDCI&#39;s), appliance leakage circuit interrupters (ALCI&#39;s), equipment leakage circuit interrupters (ELCI&#39;s), circuit breakers, contactors, latching relays and solenoid mechanisms. More particularly, the present application is directed to circuit interrupting devices having a single actuator for breaking and making electrically conductive paths between a line side and a load side of the devices.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     Many electrical wiring devices have a line side, which is connectable to an electrical power supply, and a load side, which is connectable to one or more loads and at least one conductive path between the line and load sides. Electrical connections to wires supplying electrical power or wires conducting electricity to the one or more loads are at line side and load side connections. The electrical wiring device industry has witnessed an increasing call for circuit breaking devices or systems which are designed to interrupt power to various loads, such as household appliances, consumer electrical products and branch circuits. In particular, electrical codes require electrical circuits in home bathrooms and kitchens to be equipped with ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI), for example. A more detailed description of a GFCI device is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 4,595,894, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. Presently available GFCI devices, such as the device described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,595,894 (the &#39;894 patent), use an electrically activated trip mechanism to mechanically break an electrical connection between the line side and the load side. Such devices are resettable after they are tripped by, for example, the detection of a ground fault. In the device discussed in the &#39;894 patent, the trip mechanism used to cause the mechanical breaking of the circuit (i.e., the conductive path between the line and load sides) includes a solenoid (or trip coil). A test button is used to test the trip mechanism and circuitry used to sense faults, and a reset button is used to reset the electrical connection between line and load sides.  
         [0006]     However, instances may arise where an abnormal condition, caused by for example a lightning strike, occurs which may result not only in a surge of electricity at the device and a tripping of the device but also a disabling of the trip mechanism used to cause the mechanical breaking of the circuit. This may occur without the knowledge of the user. Under such circumstances an unknowing user, faced with a GFCI which has tripped, may press the reset button which, in turn, will cause the device with an inoperative trip mechanism to be reset without the ground fault protection available.  
         [0007]     Further, an open neutral condition, which is defined in Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard PAG 943A, may exist with the electrical wires supplying electrical power to such GFCI devices. If an open neutral condition exists with the neutral wire on the line (versus load) side of the GFCI device, an instance may arise where a current path is created from the phase (or hot) wire supplying power to the GFCI device through the load side of the device and a person to ground. In the event that an open neutral condition exists, current GFCI devices, which have tripped, may be reset even though the open neutral condition may remain.  
         [0008]     Commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,967 having Ser. No. 09/138,955, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, describes a family of resettable circuit interrupting devices capable of locking out the reset portion of the device if the circuit interrupting portion is non-operational or if an open neutral condition exists.  
         [0009]     Some of the circuit interrupting devices described above have a user accessible load side connection in addition to the line and load side connections. The user accessible load side connection includes one or more connection points where a user can externally connect to the electrical power supplied from the line side. The load side connection and user accessible load side connection are typically electrically connected together. An example of such a circuit interrupting device is a GFCI receptacle, where the line and load side connections are binding screws and the user accessible load side connection is a typical two or three hole receptacle used in power outlets for connection to electrical devices typically using a three-prong or two-prong male plug. As noted, such devices are connected to external wiring so that line wires are connected to the line side connection and load side wires are connected to the load side connection.  
         [0010]     However, instances may occur where the circuit interrupting device is improperly connected to the external wires so that the load wires are connected to the line side connection and the line wires are connected to the load connection. This is known as reverse wiring. In the event the circuit interrupting device is reverse wired, fault protection to the user accessible load connection may be eliminated, even if fault protection to the load side connection remains. Further, because fault protection is eliminated the user accessible terminals (i.e., three hole or two hole receptacles) will have electrical power making a user think that the device is operating properly when in fact it is not. Therefore, there exists a need to detect faults when the circuit interrupting device is reverse wired. Also, there exists a need to prevent a device from being reverse wired. Further, there exists a need to prevent the user accessible load terminals from having electrical power when the circuit interrupting device is reverse wired or when the circuit interrupting device is not operating properly.  
         [0011]     Furthermore, some of the circuit interrupting devices described above include two buttons on the face of the device: a reset button and a test button. When the device is in a tripped condition, the user can depress the reset button to reestablish an electrical connection between the line and load connections, referred to as the reset state. When the device is in the reset state, the user can depress the test button to discontinue the electrical connection between the line and load connections, referred to as the tripped state.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0012]     The present invention relates to a family of resettable circuit interrupting devices having a single actuator for activating a circuit interrupting to break a conductive path between line side and load side of the device and using the same button for activating a reset portion to reestablish the conductive path. The devices prevent electric power from being accessible to users of such devices when these devices are reversed wired. The devices have a reset lockout mechanism that prevents them from being reset when they are not operating properly. When the devices are not reset and if such devices are reverse wired no power is available to any user accessible receptacles and/or plugs located on the face of the devices. Each of the devices of the present invention has at least one pair of line terminals, one pair of load terminals and one pair of face terminals. The line terminals are capable of being electrically connected to a source of power. The load terminals are capable of being electrically connected to a load and are improperly connected to electrical power when the device is reverse wired. The face terminals are electrically connected to user accessible plugs and/or receptacles located on the face of a device for example. The line, load and face terminals are electrically isolated from each other when the device is in its tripped condition. The devices of the present invention are manufactured and shipped in a trip condition, i.e., no electrical connection between line terminals and load terminals and no electrical connection between the load terminals and face terminals. Thus, in the trip condition the at least three terminals are electrically isolated from each other.  
         [0013]     Each of the pairs of terminals has a phase terminals and a neutral terminal. A phase conducting path is created when the corresponding phase terminals are connected to each other. Similarly a neutral conducting path is created when the corresponding neutral terminals are connected to each other. Preferably, the phase conductive path includes one or more switch devices that are capable of opening to cause electrical discontinuity in the phase conductive path and capable of closing to reestablish the electrical continuity in the phase conductive paths. Also, the neutral conductive path includes one or more switch devices that are capable of opening to cause electrical discontinuity in the neutral conductive path and capable of closing to reestablish the electrical continuity in the neutral conductive paths.  
         [0014]     The devices of the present invention each further has a pair of movable bridges which are electrically connected to the line terminals. The movable bridges electrically connect the line terminals to the load and face terminals when the devices are reset thus bringing power to the face of the devices. The movable bridges are mechanically biased away from the load and face terminals. When the devices are improperly wired or reverse wired (i.e., power connected to load terminals), the reset lockout mechanism prevents the movable bridges from connecting the line terminals to the load and face terminals even when an attempt is made to reset the device thus preventing electric power to be present at the face terminals or user accessible plugs and/or receptacles.  
         [0015]     In one embodiment, the present application is directed to circuit interrupting devices that include a single test-reset button for triggering a reset portion and a circuit interrupting portion. The reset portion includes functionality to make electrically conductive paths between a line side and a load side of a device. The circuit interrupting portion includes functionality to break electrically conductive paths between the line side and load side. In particular, the circuit interrupting portion is an electro-mechanical mechanism that comprises a coil and plunger assembly, a latch plate and lifter assembly, a mechanical switch assembly and a mechanical trip actuator assembly. The circuit interrupting portion is capable of automatically tripping or breaking electrical connections between the load and line side upon detection of a fault or a predetermined condition. The circuit interrupting portion also can manually break electrical connections by using only the mechanical portion of the circuit interrupting portion using the test-reset button, the latch plate and lifter assembly and the mechanical trip actuator. The reset portion comprises common components as the circuit interrupting portion, particularly the same test-reset button. As a result, the operation of the device is simplified.  
         [0016]     One embodiment for the circuit interrupting device uses an electro-mechanical circuit interrupting portion that causes electrical discontinuity between the line, load and face terminals. A reset lockout mechanism prevents the reestablishing of electrical continuity between the line, load and face terminals unless the circuit interrupting portion is operating properly. That is, the reset lockout prevents resetting of the device unless the circuit interrupting portion is operating properly. The reset portion allows the device to be reset causing electrical continuity between the line terminals and the load terminals and electrical continuity between the line terminals and the face terminals; i.e., device in reset mode. Also, there is electrical continuity between the load terminals and the face terminals when the device is reset. Thus the reset portion establishes electrical continuity between the line, load and face terminals. The electromechanical circuit interrupting portion comprises a latch plate and lifter assembly, a coil and plunger assembly, a mechanical switch assembly, the movable bridges, a mechanical trip actuator and the sensing circuit.  
         [0017]     The reset condition is obtained by using the test-reset button. The test-reset button is mechanically biased and has a flange (e.g., circular flange or disk) that extends radially from an end portion of a pin for interference with the latch plate and lifter assembly when the test-reset button is depressed while the device is in the trip condition. The interfered latch plate and lifter assembly engages the mechanical switch assembly which triggers the sensing circuit. If the circuit interrupting portion is operating properly, the triggered sensing circuit causes a coil assembly coupled to the sensing circuitry to be energized. The energized coil assembly, which has a movable plunger located therein, causes a movable plunger to engage the latch plate to allow the end portion of the pin and the flange to go through momentarily aligned openings in the latch plate and lifter assembly. The openings then become misaligned trapping the flange and the end portion of the pin underneath the lifter. The flange is now positioned under the latch plate and lifter assembly. When the test-reset button is released after having been depressed, the biasing of the button is such that the pin tends to move away from the latch and lifter assembly. Upon release of the test-reset button, the biasing of the pin in concert with its interfering flange engages and lifts the latch plate and lifter assembly. Thus, the lifter engages the movable bridges to cause the bridges to electrically connect the line, load and face terminals to each other thus putting the device in a reset condition. If the circuit interrupting portion is not operating properly the plunger of the coil assembly does not engage the latch plate and lifter assembly thus preventing the circuit interrupting device from being reset.  
         [0018]     The sensing circuit comprises various electrical and electronic components for detecting the occurrence of a predetermined condition. The sensing circuitry is coupled to the electromechanical circuit interrupting portion. Upon detection of a predetermined condition the sensing circuitry activates the electromechanical circuit interrupter causing the device to be in the trip condition.  
         [0019]     The trip condition can be obtained by activating the circuit interrupting portion by depressing the test-reset button when the device is in the reset state. The trip condition can also occur when the device detects a predetermined condition (e.g., ground fault) while in the reset mode. In one embodiment, when the test-reset button is depressed, while the device is in the reset mode, the test-reset button engages the mechanical trip actuator causing a cam action between the pin and the trip actuator resulting in the momentary alignment of the lifter and latch plate openings; this allows the end portion and flange of the pin to be released from underneath the lifter and thus no longer interfere with the lifter and latch plate assembly. As a result the lifter and latch plate no longer lift the movable bridges and the biasing of the movable bridges causes them to move away from the load and face terminals to disconnect the line, load and face terminals from each other thus putting the device in the trip condition.  
         [0020]     The foregoing has outlined, rather broadly, the preferred feature of the present invention so that those skilled in the art may better understand the detailed description of the invention that follows. Additional features of the invention will be described hereinafter that form the subject of the claims of the invention. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiment as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention and that such other structures do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention in its broadest form. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0021]     Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description, the appended claim, and the accompanying drawings in which similar elements are given similar reference numerals:  
         [0022]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of one embodiment of a ground fault circuit interrupting device according to the present application;  
         [0023]      FIG. 2  is top view of a portion of the GFCI device shown in  FIG. 1 , with the face portion removed;  
         [0024]      FIG. 3  is an exploded perspective view of the face terminal internal frames, the load terminals and the movable bridges;  
         [0025]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the arrangement of some of the components of the circuit resetting and interrupting portion of the device of the present invention;  
         [0026]      FIG. 5  is a simplified side view of  FIG. 4 ;  
         [0027]      FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram of a sensing circuit of a GFCI;  
         [0028]      FIGS. 7-10  show the sequence of operation when the device of the present invention is reset from a tripped state; and  
         [0029]      FIGS. 11-12  show the sequence of operation when the device of the present invention is tripped from a reset state.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0030]     The present application contemplates various types of circuit interrupting devices that have at least one conductive path. The conductive path is typically divided between a line side that connects to electrical power, a load side that connects to one or more loads and a user side that connects to user accessible plugs or receptacles. As noted, the various devices in the family of resettable circuit interrupting devices comprise: ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI&#39;s), arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCI&#39;s), immersion detection circuit interrupters (IDCI&#39;s), appliance leakage circuit interrupters (ALCI&#39;s) and equipment leakage circuit interrupters (ELCI&#39;s).  
         [0031]     For the purpose of the present application, the structure or mechanisms used in the circuit interrupting devices, shown in the drawings and described hereinbelow, are incorporated into a GFCI device suitable for installation in a single-gang junction box used in, for example, a residential electrical wiring system. However, the mechanisms according to the present application can be included in any of the various devices in the family of resettable circuit interrupting devices. Further, more generally the circuit interrupting device of the present invention can be implemented as any device having at least a first, second, and third electrical conductor each of which is at least partially disposed in a housing. The electrical conductors are electrically isolated from each other with the first conductor capable of being connected to electrical power, the second conductor capable of being connected to one or more loads and the third conductor configured to be accessible to users. At least one movable bridge, one end of which is connected to the source of power and the first conductor, is able to connect the first, second and third electrical conductors to each other and disconnect said conductors from each other when a fault or predetermined condition is detected.  
         [0032]     More specifically, however, the circuit interrupting devices described herein have at least three pairs of electrically isolated terminals: at least one pair of line terminals, at least one pair of load terminals and at least one pair of user or face terminals. The at least one pair of line terminals permits electrical power (e.g., alternating current (AC)) to be connected to the device and the at least one pair of load terminals permits external conductors or appliances to be connected to the device. These connections may be, for example, electrical fastening devices that secure or connect external conductors to the circuit interrupting device, as well as conduct electricity. Examples of such connections include binding screws, lugs, terminals and external plug connections. The at least one face or user terminal, which typically is implemented using two-prong or three-prong receptacles, allows users to electrically connect electrical devices to the GFCI device typically via the two-prong or three-prong male plugs that mate with the receptacles.  
         [0033]     The above-described features can be incorporated in any resettable circuit interrupting device, but for the sake of explanation the description to follow is directed to a GFCI device.  
         [0034]     In one embodiment, the GFCI device having a single test-reset actuator for activating a circuit interrupting or test portion to break a conductive path between line side and load side of the device and for activating a reset portion to reestablish the conductive path. The reset portion includes functionality to make electrically conductive paths between a line side and a load side of a device. The circuit interrupting portion includes functionality to break electrically conductive paths between the line side and load side. In particular, the circuit interrupting portion includes an electro-mechanical mechanism comprising a coil and plunger assembly, a latch plate and lifter assembly, a mechanical switch assembly and a mechanical trip actuator. The circuit interrupting portion is capable of automatically tripping or breaking electrical connections between the load and line side upon detection of a fault or a predetermined condition. The circuit interrupting portion also can manually break electrical connections by using only the mechanical portion of the circuit interrupting portion comprising the latch plate and lifter assembly and the mechanical trip actuator. The reset portion comprises the same components as the circuit interrupting portion, particularly the same test-reset button.  
         [0035]     In another embodiment, the GFCI device has a circuit interrupting portion, a reset portion and a reset lockout mechanism. The GFCI device further has a pair of movable bridges that, when engaged, connect the line terminals to load and face terminals. When the bridge is not engaged, the line, load and face terminals are electrically isolated from each other. Because the face terminals are electrically isolated from the load and line terminals, there will be no power at the face terminals even if the GFCI device is reverse wired (power connected to load terminals instead of line terminals). When the movable bridge is not engaged and thus the line, load and face terminals are electrically isolated from each other, the device is said to be in a tripped condition.  
         [0036]     The circuit interrupting and reset portions described herein preferably use electro-mechanical components to break (open) and make (close) one or more conductive paths between the line and load terminals of the device and also between the line and face terminals. However, electrical components, such as solid state switches and supporting circuitry, may be used to open and close the conductive paths.  
         [0037]     Generally, the circuit interrupting portion is used to automatically break electrical continuity in one or more conductive paths (i.e., open the conductive path) between the line and load terminals upon the detection of a fault, which in the embodiment described is a ground fault. Electrical continuity is also broken between the line and face terminals. The reset portion is used to close the open conductive paths.  
         [0038]     In this configuration, the operation of the reset and reset lockout portions is in conjunction with the operation of the circuit interrupting portion, so that electrical continuity in open conductive paths cannot be reset if the circuit interrupting portion is non-operational, if an open neutral condition exists and/or if the device is reverse wired. When the circuit interrupting portion is non-operational—meaning that any one or more of its components is not operating properly—the device cannot be reset. The test-reset button is able to break electrical continuity between the line, load and face terminals independently of the operation of the circuit interrupting portion. Thus, in the event the circuit interrupting portion is not operating properly, the device can still be tripped.  
         [0039]     Turning now to  FIG. 1 , the GFCI device  10  has a housing  12  to which a face or cover portion  36  is removably secured. The face portion  36  has entry ports  16 ,  18 ,  24  and  26  aligned with receptacles for receiving normal or polarized prongs of a male plug of the type normally found at the end of a household device electrical cord (not shown), as well as ground-prong-receiving openings  17  and  25  to accommodate three-wire plugs. The GFCI device also includes a mounting strap  14  used to fasten the device to a junction box. A single actuator embodied as a test-reset button  20  forming a part of the reset portion extends through opening  19  in the face portion  36  of the housing  12 . The test-reset button  20  alternately activates both a test operation (tripped condition) and reset operation (reset operation), hence it is a dual function button. The test-reset button  20  can be used to activate a reset operation, which reestablishes electrical continuity in the open conductive paths. The test-reset button  20  also can used to establish a trip condition by activating the circuit interrupting portion of the device. The circuit interrupting portion, to be described in more detail below, is used to break electrical continuity in one or more conductive paths between the line and load side of the device.  
         [0040]     Still referring to  FIG. 1 , electrical connections to existing household electrical wiring are made via binding screws  28  and  30  where, for example, screw  30  is an input (or line) phase connection, and screw  28  is an output (or load) phase connection. Screws  28  and  30  are fastened (via a threaded arrangement) to terminals  32  and  34  respectively. However, the GFCI device can be designed so that screw  30  can be an output phase connection and screw  28  an input phase or line connection. Terminals  32  and  34  are one half of terminal pairs. Thus, two additional binding screws and terminals (not shown) are located on the opposite side of the device  10 . These additional binding screws provide line and load neutral connections, respectively. It should also be noted that the binding screws and terminals are exemplary of the types of wiring terminals that can be used to provide the electrical connections. Examples of other types of wiring terminals include set screws, pressure clamps, pressure plates, push-in type connections, pigtails and quick-connect tabs. The face terminals are implemented as receptacles configured to mate with male plugs. A detailed depiction of the face terminals is shown in  FIG. 2 .  
         [0041]     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a top view of the GFCI device (without face portion  36  and strap  14 ) is shown. An internal housing structure  40  provides the platform on which the components of the GFCI device are positioned. Test-reset button  20  is mounted on housing structure  40 . Housing structure  40  is mounted on printed circuit board  38 . The receptacle aligned to opening  16  of face portion  36  is made from extensions  50 A and  52 A of frame  48 . Frame  48  is made from an electricity conducting material from which the receptacles aligned with openings  16  and  24  are formed. The receptacle aligned with opening  24  of face portion  36  is constructed from extensions  50 B and  52 B of frame  48 . Also, frame  48  has a flange the end of which has electricity conducting contact  56  attached thereto. Frame  46  is an electricity conducting material from which receptacles aligned with openings  18  and  26  are formed. The receptacle aligned with opening  18  of frame portion  36  is constructed with frame extensions  42 A and  44 A. The receptacle aligned with opening  26  of face portion  36  is constructed with extensions  42 B and  44 B. Frame  46  has a flange the end of which has electricity conducting contact  60  attached thereto. Therefore, frames  46  and  48  form the face terminals implemented as receptacles aligned to openings  16 ,  18 ,  24  and  26  of face portion  36  of GFCI  10  (see  FIG. 1 ). Load terminal  32  and line terminal  34  are also mounted on internal housing structure  40 . Load terminal  32  has an extension the end of which electricity conducting load contact  58  is attached. Similarly, load terminal  54  has an extension to which electricity conducting contact  62  is attached. The line, load and face terminals are electrically isolated from each other and are electrically connected to each other by a pair of movable bridges. The relationship between the line, load and face terminals and how they are connected to each other is shown in  FIG. 3 .  
         [0042]     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , there is shown the positioning of the face and load terminals with respect to each other and their interaction with the movable bridges ( 64 ,  66 ). Although the line terminals are not shown, it is understood that they are electrically connected to one end of the movable bridges. The movable bridges ( 64 ,  66 ) are generally electrical conductors that are configured and positioned to connect at least the line terminals to the load terminals. In particular movable bridge  66  has bent portion  66 B and connecting portion  66 A. Bent portion  66 B is electrically connected to line terminal  34  (not shown). Similarly, movable bridge  64  has bent portion  64 B and connecting portion  64 A. Bent portion  64 B is electrically connected to the other line terminal (not shown); the other line terminal being located on the side opposite that of line terminal  34 . Connecting portion  66 A of movable bridge  66  has two fingers each having a bridge contact ( 68 ,  70 ) attached to its end. Connecting portion  64 A of movable bridge  64  also has two fingers each of which has a bridge contact ( 72 ,  74 ) attached to its end. The bridge contacts ( 68 ,  70 ,  72  and  74 ) are made from relatively highly conductive material. Also, face terminal contacts  56  and  60  are made from relatively highly conductive material. Further, the load terminal contacts  58  and  62  are made from relatively highly conductive material. The movable bridges are preferably made from flexible metal that can be bent when subjected to mechanical forces. The connecting portions ( 64 A,  66 A) of the movable bridges are mechanically biased downward or in the general direction shown by arrow  67 . When the GFCI device is reset the connecting portions of the movable bridges are caused to move in the direction shown by arrow  65  and engage the load and face terminals thus connecting the line, load and face terminals to each other. In particular connecting portion  66 A of movable bridge  66  is bent upward (direction shown by arrow  65 ) to allow contacts  68  and  70  to engage contacts  56  of frame  48  and contact  58  of load terminal  32  respectively. Similarly, connecting portion  64 A of movable bridge  64  is bent upward (direction shown by arrow  65 ) to allow contacts  72  and  74  to engage contact  62  of load terminal  54  and contact  60  of frame  46  respectively. The connecting portions of the movable bridges are bent upwards by a latch/lifter assembly positioned underneath the connecting portions where this assembly moves in an upward direction (direction shown by arrow  65 ) when the GFCI is reset as will be discussed herein below. It should be noted that the contacts of a movable bridge engaging a contact of a load or face terminals occurs when electric current flows between the contacts; this is done by having the contacts touch each other. Some of the components that cause the connecting portions of the movable bridges to move upward are shown in  FIG. 4 .  
         [0043]     Referring now to  FIG. 4 , there is shown mounted on printed circuit board  38  a coil plunger combination comprising bobbin  82  having a cavity in which elongated cylindrical plunger  80  is slidably disposed. For clarity of illustration frame  48  and load terminal  32  are not shown. One end of plunger  80  is shown extending outside of the bobbin cavity. A spring is coupled to the plunger to provide a proper force for pushing a portion of the plunger outside of the bobbin cavity after the plunger has been pulled into the cavity due to a resulting magnetic force when the coil is energized. Electrical wire (not shown) is wound around bobbin  82  to form the coil. For clarity of illustration the wire wound around bobbin  82  is not shown. Hereinafter, the bobbin  82  will be referred to as the coil  82  for ease of explanation. A lifter  78  and latch  84  assembly is shown where the lifter  78  is positioned underneath the movable bridges. The movable bridges  66  and  64  are secured with mounting brackets  86  (only one is shown) which is also used to secure line terminal  34  and the other line terminal (not shown) to the GFCI device. It is understood that the other mounting bracket  86  used to secure movable bridge  64  is positioned directly opposite the shown mounting bracket. The test-reset button  20  is part of a pin  76  that engages lifter  78  and latch  84  assembly and a mechanical trip actuator as will be shown below.  
         [0044]     Referring now to  FIG. 5 , there is shown a partial side view of  FIG. 4 . The device is shown in the tripped condition such that contact  68  of bridge  66  is not in electrical contact with contact  56  of frame  48 . Similarly, contact  70  ( FIG. 3 ) of bridge  66  is not in electrical contact with contact  58  of load terminal  54 . In addition, contacts  72 ,  74  ( FIG. 3 ) of bridge  64  are not in contact with respective contact  62  of load terminal  54  and contact  60  of frame  46 .  
         [0045]      FIG. 5  shows the positioning of the lifter  78  and the latch plate  84  relative to the plunger  80 . One end of the plunger  80  has a flange  87  to hold a spring  89  for biasing the plunger away (in the direction shown by arrow  81 A) from the latch plate  84  when the coil  82  is not energized as shown. The plunger  80  is aligned with the vertical side of the latch plate  84  and is pulled by the coil in the direction shown by arrow  81 B to momentarily contact the vertical side of the latch  84  when the coil is energized as during the reset condition. The upper end of the pin  76  is connected to the test-reset button  20  and the lower end of the pin has a pin portion  76 A. A flange  76 B having a disk or ring shape is located between the lower pin portion  76 A and the button  20 . The lower pin portion  76 A and the flange  76 B are positioned so as to extend through aligned openings  84 A and  78 A of the latch  84  and lifter  78  respectively when aligned. The openings  84 A,  78 A are shown misaligned so the flange  76 B is not able to extend through opening  84 A. The test-reset button  20  and pin  76  are biased in the upward direction (shown by arrow  94 B) by a pin spring  79  which is held in place by a stop element  83  and a portion of the button. The pin  76  is slidably coupled to the stop element  83  which is fixed in place. The pin  76  has a stop flange  76 C located below the stop element  83  to prevent the pin  76  from moving upward and beyond the stop element  83 . When the test-reset button  20  is pressed downward (in the direction shown by arrow  94 A), the bias from spring  79  will cause the button  20  to return its original position by moving in the direction shown by arrow  94 B when the button  20  is released.  
         [0046]     The latch plate  84  is slidably mounted to lifter  78  such that the plate slides in the horizontal directions shown by arrows  81 A,  81 B relative to the lifter  78  but the lifter is fixed in the horizontal direction. The latch plate  84  and the lifter  78  are bound together in the vertical direction and thus are capable of moving together in concert in the vertical direction shown by the arrows  94 A,  94 B. The mechanical switch assembly comprises a flexible test arm  90  and test pin/conductor  92  which are used to cause a trip condition to occur. The test arm  90  is mechanically biased upward in the direction shown by arrow  94 B. Projecting downward at one end of the lifter  78  is a cone shaped protrusion  78 B which is positioned over the test arm  90 .  
         [0047]     When the test-reset button  20  is pressed downward (in the direction as shown by arrow  94 A), as during a reset condition described in detail below, the pin flange  76 B interferes with the latch  84  causing it to move downward. Because the latch  84  and the lifter  78  are bound together in the vertical direction, they move downward in concert causing the protrusion  78 B to move downward making contact with the flexible end of the test arm  90 . As described in detail below, when the button  20  is released, the pin flange  76 B is caught underneath the latch  84  causing it and the lifter  78  to move upward (direction shown by arrow  94 B) allowing the test arm  90  to flex upward back to its original position. The top side of the lifter  78  has a protrusion  78 C positioned under the curved flexible portion of the bridge  66  to make contact with it. For example, during a reset condition, the latch  84  and the lifter  78  move upward causing the lifter protrusion  78 C to also move upward and make contact with the curved flexible portion of the bridge  66 . This causes contact  68  to move upward and make electrical contact with contact  56 . During the tripped condition as described in detail below, the lifter  78  and the protrusion  78 C move downward (in the direction shown by arrow  94 A) causing the curved flexible portion of the bridge  66  to move away from frame  48  resulting in the electrical disconnection of contact  68  and contact  56 .  
         [0048]     A mechanical trip actuator  98  is a block shaped element having one vertical side surface coupled to a coil spring  96  and the opposite side surface with a cam portion  98 A. The coil spring  96  urges the actuator to move in the direction shown by arrow  81 A. The actuator  98  has a notch  98 B for coupling with a latch protrusion  84 B located at one end of the latch. The depth of the notch  98 B is such that the protrusion  84 B can move or slide within the notch in the vertical direction as shown in arrows  94 A,  94 B. The width of the notch  98 B is larger than the width of the protrusion  84 B such that the protrusion can move or slide within the notch in the horizontal directions  81 A,  81 B. This feature provides a time delay between the movement of the actuator  98  and the latch plate  84 . For example, during a tripped condition, the release of the pin  76  causes the actuator  98  to begin to recoil in the direction of arrow  81 A but the latch  84  will not immediately move until the right vertical wall of actuator notch  98 B makes contact with the latch protrusion  84 B.  
         [0049]     The cam portion  98 A, which is opposite the spring, cooperates with pin portion  76 A to provide a cam action used during the tripped condition. The cam portion  98 A can have a ramp shape so that when it engages with the end of the pin portion  76 A, a cam action occurs due to the angle of the cam portion  98 A. As the test-reset button  20  is pushed down (direction shown by arrow  94 A), the end of the pin portion  76 A contacts the cam portion  98 A causing the actuator  98  to move towards the spring  96  in the direction of  81 B. Because the actuator  98  is coupled to the latch plate  84 , the cam action causes the latch plate  84  to also move in the direction shown by arrow  81 B. This movement causes latch plate opening  84 A to be aligned with the lifter opening  78 A. Now, when the button  20  is released, the bias of the spring  96  causes the latch plate  84  and the actuator  98  to recoil in the opposite direction shown by arrow  81 A.  
         [0050]     The lower pin portion  76 A and the flange  76 B extend through opening  84 A of latch plate  84  when the openings  84 A,  78 A are aligned to each other. The openings  84 A,  78 A become aligned with each other when the plunger  80  of the coil  82  of plunger assembly engages latch plate  84  as will be discussed herein. The plunger  80  is caused to contact latch plate  84  when the coil  82  is energized by a sensing circuit when the circuit detects a fault or a predetermined condition. In the embodiment being discussed, the predetermined condition detected is a ground fault. The predetermined condition can be any type of fault such as an arc fault, equipment fault, appliance leakage fault or an immersion detection fault. Generally a fault is an indication that the circuit interrupting device has detected a dangerous condition and has or intends to disconnect power from any loads connected to the device via the load terminals and/or the face terminals. The sensing circuit is shown in  FIG. 6 .  
         [0051]     Referring now to  FIG. 6 , there is shown a sensing circuit for detecting a predetermined condition such as a ground fault. The sensing circuit comprises a differential transformer and a ground/neutral (G/N) transformer each of which can comprise a magnetic core having a coil winding with two ends. The differential transformer is used for detecting a current imbalance on the line terminals. The G/N transformer is used for detecting a remote ground voltage that may be present on one of the load terminals. The first end of the differential transformer is connected to the input pin  2  of IC-1 through current limiting resistor R 3  and the second end of the transformer is connected to input pin  3  of IC-1 through filter capacitor C 8 . Filter capacitor C 7  is placed across pins  2  and  3  of IC-1 to filter unwanted signals. Filter capacitor C 6  is placed across pins  3  and  4  of IC-1 and the system ground terminal GND for reducing unwanted signals. A zener diode D 2  is placed across the two ends of the differential transformer to limit any potential overvoltage surges across the differential transformer. The first end of the G/N transformer is connected to the output pin  5  of IC-1 and the second end of the G/N transformer is connected to the system ground terminal through a filter capacitor C 3  for filtering unwanted signals. A zener diode D 9  is placed across the first and second ends of G/N transformer to limit any potential overvoltage surges across the transformer.  
         [0052]     Integrated circuit IC-1 can be one of the integrated circuits typically used in ground fault circuits, for example LM-1851, manufactured by National Semiconductor or other well known semiconductor manufacturers. IC-1 has an output pin  1  connected to the gate terminal of a semiconductor switch device Q 1  for trigging the switch in response to a fault detection signal received by IC-1. A filter capacitor C 2  is connected across pin  1  of IC-1 and the system ground terminal for reducing unwanted signals. A filter capacitor C 4  is connected across the power supply terminal (pin  8 ) and the system ground terminal for reducing unwanted signals. A timing capacitor C 5  is connected across pin  7  of IC-1 and the system ground terminal for setting the timing of IC-1. Resistor R 2  is connected across pins  6  and  8  of IC-1 for setting the sensitivity of IC-1. The cathode of diode D 1  is connected to the power supply terminal and the anode of the diode is connected to the anode of switch Q 1  through resistor R 1 . Diode D 1  performs a rectification function providing the power supply voltage at the power supply terminal for powering IC-1 and the other components. The cathode terminal of the switch Q 1  is connected to the system ground terminal and the anode terminal is connected to the DC side of a full wave bridge comprising diodes D 3 -D 6 . A filter capacitor C 1  is connected across the anode and cathode terminals of switch Q 1  for reducing unwanted signals. Although the switch Q 1  is shown as a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) other semiconductor or mechanical switches can be used. A surge suppressor MV 1  is coupled across the AC portion of the full wave bridge comprising diodes D 3 -D 6  for absorbing extreme electrical energy levels that may be present at the line terminals. A filter capacitor C 10  is coupled across the surge suppressor MV 1  for filtering out unwanted signals.  
         [0053]     The mechanical switch—comprising electricity conducting test arm  90  and test pin  92 —is shown connected to the conductors of the line terminals in series with current limiting resistor R 4 . The movable bridges are shown as switches that connect the line terminals to the face and load terminals. The line, load and face terminals are electrically isolated from each other unless connected by the movable bridges. When a predetermined condition—such as a ground fault—occurs, there is a difference in current amplitude between the two line terminals. This current difference is manifested as a net current which is detected by the differential transformer and is provided to IC-1.  
         [0054]     In response to the current provided by the differential transformer, integrated circuit IC-1 generates a voltage on pin  1  which causes switch Q 1  to turn. When Q 1  turns on, current flows through the switch Q 1  and the full wave bridge causing the relay K 1  to activate resulting in the movable bridges removing power from the face and load terminals. The relay K 1  can also be activated when test arm  90  is closed which causes a current imbalance on the line terminal conductors that is detected by the differential transformer. The G/N transformer detects a remote ground voltage that may be present on one of the load terminal conductors and provides a current to IC-1 upon detection of this remote ground which again activates relay K 1 .  
         [0055]     The sensing circuit engages a circuit interrupting portion of the GFCI device causing the device to be tripped. Also, the sensing circuit allows the GFCI device to be reset after it has been tripped if the reset lockout has not been activated as discussed herein below. In the tripped condition the line terminals, load terminals and face terminals are electrically isolated from each other. A GFCI manufactured in accordance to present invention is shipped in the tripped condition. Thus, if the device is reverse wired, there will be no power at the face terminals.  
         [0056]     The circuit interrupting portion is an electromechanical mechanism that comprises the coil  82  and plunger  80  assembly, the latch plate  84  and lifter  78  assembly, the mechanical switch assembly  90 ,  92 , and the mechanical trip actuator  98  assembly. The circuit interrupting portion is capable of automatically tripping or breaking electrical connections between the load and line side upon detection of a fault or a predetermined condition. The circuit interrupting portion also can manually break electrical connections by using only the mechanical portions of the circuit interrupting portion comprising the test-reset button  20 , the latch plate  84  and lifter  78  assembly and the mechanical trip actuator  98 .  
         [0057]     Referring to  FIGS. 7-10 , there is shown a sequence of how the GFCI is reset from a tripped condition by depressing the test-reset button  20 . When the GFCI device is in a tripped condition, the line, load and face terminals are electrically isolated from each other because the movable bridges are not engaged to any of the terminals. Referring to  FIG. 7 , contact  68  of bridge  66  is not in contact with contact  56  of frame  48 . In addition, contact  70  of bridge  66  ( FIG. 3 ) is not in contact with contact  58  of load terminal  54 . Similarly, contacts  72 ,  74  of bridge  64  are not in contact with contact  62  of load terminal  54  and contact  60  of frame  46 , respectively. Test-reset button  20  is in its fully up position (in the direction of arrow  94 B) because of the upward bias of pin spring  79 . Latch plate  84  and lifter  78  are positioned such that the openings  84 A,  78 A are misaligned not allowing pin flange  76 B to go through the openings. Lifter protrusion  78 B is positioned directly above test arm  90  but is not in contact with the test arm. The test arm  90  is biased in the upward direction shown by arrow  94 B. The coil  82  is not energized so the plunger  80  is inside the coil  82  and is not engaged with the latch  84 . The plunger  80  is normally inside the coil  82  because of the bias from spring  89  forcing the plunger in the direction shown by arrow  81 A. The bias of spring  96  urges the trip actuator  98  and notch  98 B in the direction shown by arrow  81 A causing the latch protrusion  84 B to contact the right vertical side wall of the notch  98 B. The pin portion  76 A is positioned over the mechanical trip actuator cam portion  98 A but is not in contact with it.  
         [0058]     In  FIG. 8 , to initiate the resetting of the GFCI device, the test-reset button  20  is pressed downward (in the direction shown by  94 A) causing flange  76 B of the pin  76  to interfere with the latch plate  84 . This downward force causes the latch protrusion  84 B to move slightly downward within the actuator notch  98 B. Because the latch plate  84  and the lifter  78  are bound together in the vertical direction, the downward movement of the latch  84  causes the lifter protrusion  78 B to also move downward and the test arm  90  to make electrical contact with test pin  92 . The electrical connection causes the coil  82  to be energized resulting in the plunger  80  to momentarily activate and engage latch plate  84  and, more specifically, to begin to push latch plate  84  in the direction shown by arrow  81 B. As the latch plate  84  moves in the direction shown by arrow  81 B, the latch protrusion  84 B slides within the notch  98 B in the same direction until the protrusion is in contact with the right side wall of the notch. As a result, the actuator  98  begins to slide in the direction shown by arrow  81 B. As explained above, the width of the actuator notch  98 B is larger than the width of the latch protrusion  84 B. This provides a small time delay between the time the latch  84  begins to move in the direction  81 B and the time when the actuator  98  follows. In particular, the latch  84  begins to move but the actuator  98  does not begin to move until the latch protrusion  84 B contacts the right vertical wall of the actuator notch  98 B at which time the actuator begins to move in the same direction as the latch.  
         [0059]     In  FIG. 9 , the movement of the actuator  98  compresses the actuator spring  96  and prevents interference between the cam portion  98 A and the pin portion  76 A. The latch plate  84 , slides along lifter  78  (in the direction shown by arrow  81 B) causing openings  84 A and  78 A to align and flange  76 B and part of the pin portion  76 A to extend downward through the openings in the direction shown by arrow  94 A. Although the pin portion  76 A extends downward through the openings, the pin portion does not make contact with the surface of the cam portion  98 A. The plunger  80  recoils back into the coil  82  (in the direction shown by arrow  81 A) because of the bias of coil spring  89 .  
         [0060]     In  FIG. 10 , the recoil of the plunger  80  allows the latch plate  84  to recoil (in the direction shown by arrow  81 A) because of the bias of the coil spring  96 . The recoiling of the latch plate  84  causes the opening  84 A to once again be misaligned with opening  78 A thus trapping flange  76 B underneath the lifter  78  and latch  84  assembly. The latch plate protrusion portion  84 B remains engaged with trip actuator notch  98 B. When the test-reset button  20  is released, the bias of the pin spring  79  in concert with the trapped flange  76 B raise the lifter and latch assembly in the direction shown by arrow  94 B. As a result of the upward movement, the lifter protrusion  78 C applies an upward force (in the direction of arrow  94 B) to the bottom side of the bridge  66  causing it to make electrical contact with contact  56  of frame  48 . In a similar manner, contact  70  of bridge  66  ( FIG. 3 ) becomes engaged with contact  58  of load terminal  54 . In addition, contacts ( 72 ,  74 ) ( FIG. 3 ) of bridge  64  become engaged with contact  62  of load terminal  54  and contact  60  of frame  46 , respectively. As a result, line terminals, load terminals and face terminals become electrically connected to each other. The GFCI is now in the reset mode meaning that the electrical contacts of the line, load and face terminals are all electrically connected to each other allowing power from the line terminal to be provided to the load and face terminals. The GFCI will remain in the reset mode until the sensing circuit detects a fault or the GFCI is tripped purposely by depressing the test-reset button  20 .  
         [0061]     When the sensing circuit ( FIG. 6 ) detects a condition such as a ground fault for a GFCI or other conditions (e.g., arc fault, immersion detection fault, appliance leakage fault, equipment leakage fault), the sensing circuit energizes the coil causing plunger  80  to engage the latch  84  resulting in the latch opening  84 A being aligned with the lifter opening  78 A allowing the pin portion  76 A and flange  76 B to escape from underneath the lifter causing the lifter to disengage from the movable bridges  64 ,  66  which, due to their biasing, move away from the face terminals contacts and load terminal contacts. As a result, the line, load and face terminals are electrically isolated from each other and thus the GFCI device is in a tripped state or condition (see  FIG. 7 ).  
         [0062]     The GFCI device of the present invention can also enter the tripped state by pressing the test-reset button  20 . In  FIGS. 11-12 , there is illustrated a sequence of operation showing how the device can be tripped.  FIG. 11  shows the device in the reset state. In particular, contact  68  of bridge  66  is in contact with contact  56  of frame  48 . Similarly, contact  70  of bridge  66  ( FIG. 3 ) is in contact with contact  58  of load terminal  54 . In addition, contacts ( 72 ,  74 ) ( FIG. 3 ) of bridge  64  are in contact with contact  62  of load terminal  54  and contact  60  of frame  46 , respectively. To initiate the tripping of the device, the test-reset button  20  is depressed in the downward direction as shown by arrow  94 A. The mechanical trip actuator cam portion  98 A preferably has a ramp shape so that when it engages with the pin portion  76 A, a cam action occurs due to the angle of the cam portion. As the test-reset button  20  is pressed downward, the cam action causes the latch plate  84  to move and the actuator  98  to slide in the direction shown by arrow  81 B. This movement causes the latch plate opening  84 A to be aligned with lifter opening  78 A as explained in detail below.  
         [0063]     In  FIG. 12 , the alignment of the openings  78 A,  84 A allows the pin flange  76 B to escape from underneath the latch plate  84  causing the pin  76  to raise upward (in the direction shown by  94 B) due in part to the upward bias of the pin spring  79 . Because the pin portion  76 A is no longer making contact with the cam portion  98 A, the actuator  98  begins to recoil in the direction  81 A due in part to the bias of spring  96 . As explained above, the width of the actuator notch  98 B is larger than the width of the latch protrusion  84 B. This feature provides a small time delay between the time the actuator  98  begins to recoil in the direction  81 A and the time when the latch  84  follows. In particular, the actuator  98  begins to recoil but the latch plate  84  does not begin to move until the right vertical wall of the actuator notch  98 B makes contact with the latch protrusion  84 B at which time the latch begins to recoil in the same direction as the actuator. This time delay allows the pin  76  and the pin flange  76 B sufficient time to escape from underneath the latch plate  84  before the latch plate moves and prevents the flange  76 B from escaping from underneath the latch plate. Thus, the recoil action causes the latch plate opening  84 A to be misaligned with the lifter opening  78 A. As a result, the lifter  78  and protrusion  78 C in concert with latch  84  move in the downward direction (arrow  94 A) disengaging with the bottom side of the bridge  66  causing the contact  68  to also move downward and to disengage from contact  56  of frame  48 . Similarly, contact  70  of bridge  66  ( FIG. 3 ) becomes disengaged from contact  58  of load terminal  54 . In addition, contacts ( 72 ,  74 ) ( FIG. 3 ) of bridge  64  become disengaged from contact  62  of load terminal  54  and contact  60  of frame  46 , respectively. As a result, the line, load and face terminals are electrically isolated from each other and thus the GFCI device is in a tripped state or condition. The device is now in the tripped position.  
         [0064]     The GFCI device of the present invention once in the tripped position will not be allowed to be reset (by pushing the test-reset button) if the circuit interrupting portion is non-operational; that is if any one or more of the components of the circuit interrupting portion is not operating properly, the device cannot be reset. Further, if the sensing circuit is not operating properly, the device cannot be reset. The reset lockout mechanism of the present invention can be implemented in an affirmative manner where one or more components specifically designed for a reset lockout function are arranged so as to prevent the device from being reset if the circuit interrupting portion or if the sensing circuit are not operating properly. The reset lockout mechanism can also be implemented in a passive manner where the device will not enter the reset mode if any one or more of the components of the sensing circuit or if any one or more of the components of the circuit interrupting portion is not operating properly; this passive reset lockout approach is implemented in the present invention. For example, if anyone of the following components is not operating properly or has a malfunction—i.e., the coil/plunger assembly ( 82 ,  80 ) or the latch plate/lifter assembly ( 84 ,  78 ) or the test-reset button/pin ( 20 ,  76 ) or the mechanical trip actuator  98 , spring assembly the device cannot be reset. Further if the test arm ( 90 ) or test pin ( 92 ) is not operating properly, the device cannot be reset.  
         [0065]     The test-reset button can still trip the device in the event the circuit interrupting portion becomes non-operational because the button operates independently of the circuit interrupting portion. Preferably, the test-reset button is manually activated as discussed above (by pushing test-reset button) and uses mechanical components to break one or more conductive paths. However, the test-reset button may use electrical circuitry and/or electromechanical components to break either the phase or neutral conductive path or both paths.  
         [0066]     Although the components used during circuit interrupting and device reset operations are electromechanical in nature, the present application also contemplates using electrical components, such as solid state switches and supporting circuitry, as well as other types of components capable of making and breaking electrical continuity in the conductive path.  
         [0067]     It should also be noted that the circuit interrupting device of the present invention can be part of a system comprising one or more circuits routed through a house, for example, or through any other well known structure. Thus, the system of the present invention is configured with electricity conducting media (e.g., electrical wire for carrying electrical current) that form at least one circuit comprising at least one circuit interrupting device of the present invention, electrical devices, electrical systems and/or components; that is, electrical components, electrical devices and or systems can be interconnected with electrical wiring forming a circuit which also includes the circuit interrupting device of the present invention. The formed circuit is the system of the present invention to which electrical power is provided. The system of the present invention can thus protect its components, systems, or electrical devices by disconnecting them from power if the circuit interrupting device has detected a fault (or predetermined condition) from any one of them. In one embodiment, the circuit interrupting device used in the system can be a GFCI.  
         [0068]     While there have been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes of the form and details of the method and apparatus illustrated and in the operation may be done by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention.