Abstract:
A data storage system for removably storing information is disclosed. The data storage system includes a cartridge receptacle adapted to electrically and mechanically engage a removable data cartridge. The cartridge receptacle includes a second electrical connector and a conductive member. The second electrical connector is adapted to electrically engage a first electrical connector of the removable data cartridge. The conductive member is configured to engage a resistive portion of the removable data cartridge before the first and second electrical connectors engage. The conductive member is coupled to a ground of the cartridge receptacle.

Description:
BACKGROUND  
       [0001]     This disclosure relates in general to electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection for portable cartridges and, but not by way of limitation, to ESD protection of removable data cartridges and/or receptacles for removable data cartridges among other things.  
         [0002]     ESD is a constant problem for electronic devices. Static shock can cause electrical circuits to fail even when the circuit is not powered. An arc of electricity can pass between any two isolated objects that come in close proximity to each other when there is a large differential in their electric potential. When touching a computer, a static shock can interrupt normal operation and/or damage circuits regardless of whether they are electrically active.  
         [0003]     A removable data cartridge is a portable device that contains some sort of electronic information. To access or modify the information, an operator inserts the cartridge into a special receptacle, which interfaces with the cartridge. Because the cartridge is portable, it is subject to a build up of static electricity during handling. The static electricity may damage the data cartridge. It may also discharge to the receptacle upon insertion and damage the receptacle or any attached computer. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0004]     The present disclosure is described in conjunction with the appended figures:  
         [0005]      FIG. 1  depicts a side-sectional view of an embodiment of a removable data cartridge;  
         [0006]      FIG. 2  depicts a top-sectional view of an embodiment of the removable data cartridge;  
         [0007]      FIG. 3  depicts a top-sectional view of an embodiment of a cartridge receptacle;  
         [0008]      FIG. 4  depicts a top-sectional view of an embodiment of the removable data cartridge and portions of the cartridge receptacle mated together;  
         [0009]      FIG. 5  depicts a side-sectional view of an embodiment of the removable data cartridge with a bleeder spring; and  
         [0010]      FIG. 6  depicts a side-sectional view of an embodiment of the removable data cartridge being inserted into the cartridge receptacle. 
     
    
       [0011]     In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Where the reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same reference label.  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0012]     The ensuing description provides preferred exemplary embodiment(s) only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the preferred exemplary embodiment(s) will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing a preferred exemplary embodiment. It being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope as set forth in the appended claims.  
         [0013]     Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits may be shown in block diagrams in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.  
         [0014]     Moreover, as disclosed herein, the term “storage medium” may represent one or more devices for storing data, including read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic RAM, core memory, magnetic disk storage mediums, optical storage mediums, flash memory devices and/or other machine readable mediums for storing information. In one embodiment, a removable data cartridge includes a storage medium that includes, for example, solid state memory and/or a magnetic disk storage medium.  
         [0015]     The system of a removable data cartridge and a cartridge receptacle is subject to damage or disruption from electrostatic discharge. There are two typical discharge scenarios addressed by embodiments of this invention. The first scenario occurs with a discharge from a charged body outside the cartridge to storage electronics. The electrostatic discharges can enter the cartridge via the openings in the removable data cartridge. When the removable data cartridge is separate from the cartridge receptacle, these discharges can damage the storage electronics inside the removable data cartridge. These discharges in this scenario can also damage or disrupt the storage electronics inside the removable data cartridge when the cartridge is inserted in the receptacle. Any differential between the storage electronics and an external body can cause static discharge damaging the storage electronics.  
         [0016]     In a second discharge scenario, the removable data cartridge is attached to the cartridge receptacle causing damage to the cartridge receptacle and/or the accompanying computer system. The cartridge accumulates an electrostatic charge before insertion, for example, a person carrying the cartridge may build up an electrostatic charge while walking on thick carpet. Since the person is holding the cartridge, the electrostatic charge can be passed to the housing of the cartridge. When the person inserts the cartridge into the receptacle, the cartridge may conduct to some portion of the cartridge receptacle. Since the cartridge holds an electrostatic charge, a large instantaneous current flows. A large instantaneous flow of current from the removable data cartridge to cartridge receptacle may cause a temporary or permanent disruption even though the cartridge may not be damaged in the process. This flow of current can damage or disrupt the operation of the cartridge receptacle and/or any connected electronics.  
         [0017]     In one embodiment, the present invention inhibits damage and disruption due to electrostatic discharge. The cartridge housing material has a relatively low resistivity to protect the storage electronics from discharges from a charged body outside the cartridge. Discharges “jump” to the conductive housing, instead of to the storage electronics through an air gap in the housing in the cartridge. When the cartridge is attached to the receptacle, a grounding spring of the receptacle provides a path between the cartridge housing and an electrical ground coupled to earth ground through an associated computer system. Electrostatic discharges to the cartridge housing follow this path to ground, rather than a path through storage electronics, receptacle electronics, etc. A bleeder spring between the low resistivity cartridge housing material and the storage electronics allows a conduction path. The storage electronics may still accumulate a buildup of static charge, however, the combination of the statically dissipative housing, the bleeder spring, and the grounding spring provide a path for current to flow between the storage electronics and electrical ground when the cartridge is inserted into the receptacle. Since the cartridge housing contacts the grounding spring before any electronic connectors mate, the charge bleeds-off before mating to protect from damage or disruption.  
         [0018]     Referring first to  FIG. 1 , a side-sectional view of an embodiment of a removable data cartridge  100  is shown. Included in the removable data cartridge  100  are a housing  112 , one or more ventilation gaps  116 , storage electronics  104  with an electrical connector  108 , and a connector opening  120 . The removable data cartridge  100  allows for holding a large amount of digital information for storage and/or transport. Electronic circuitry can be damaged within data cartridges from static discharge.  
         [0019]     In this embodiment, the housing  112  is made of plastic or other material. The housing  112  is formed in two pieces that fit together in a clam-shell fashion. Other embodiments could have more or less than two pieces that make-up the housing  112 . Some or all of the cartridge housing is fabricated from a static dissipative or conductive material. In this embodiment, either the top or the bottom piece of the housing  112  is made from a conductive material. The storage electronics  104  are coupled to the conductive material using a bleeder spring, washer and/or screw in this embodiment, but another embodiment directly couples the conductive material with a friction coupling. The conductive material has a resistivity to dampen the magnitude of static electricity discharges before they reach the storage electronics  104 .  
         [0020]     This conductive material has a surface resistivity less than 10 6  ohms per square. In other embodiments, the range of surface resistivity is in a range of about 10 2  ohms/square to about 10 5  ohms/square or about 5×10 3  ohms/square to about 5×10 7  ohms/square. An example of a suitable material is STAT-KON D-FR ECO, available from GE Advanced Materials at geadvancedmaterials.com. This material is a compound based on a Polycarbonate resin containing a carbon powder additive, but other polymers and additives could be used. In another embodiment, a non-conductive material is used for the housing  112 , but a conductive coating is used to make at least part of the surface of the cartridge conductive.  
         [0021]     Storage electronics  104  are enclosed within the housing  112 . The storage electronics are sensitive to electrostatic discharge and contain semiconductor circuitry of some sort, for example drive electronics and/or solid state memory. The storage electronics  104  could be a self-contained 2.5″ hard drive in one embodiment or a flash-memory drive in another embodiment.  
         [0022]     An electrical connector  108  on the storage electronics  104  allows interconnection with a cartridge receptacle. The electrical connector  108  could be a proprietary or standard interface to supply power and data communication. The electrical and protocol specification of the connector  108  could be based upon standard interfaces such as USB, FireWire, PATA, SATA, SCSI, SAS, etc. in some embodiments, but proprietary in others.  
         [0023]     A connector opening  120  in the housing that allows coupling the cartridge receptacle to the storage electronics by way of the electrical connector  108 . This may be a permanent opening, or may comprise some sort of movable door or flap. Through the connector opening  120 , the electrical connector  108  is recessed, but no flap is present in this embodiment. Insertion of a finger or connector into the opening  120  is likely to contact a conductive portion of the housing as conductive material makes-up at least some of the circumference of the connector opening.  
         [0024]     One or more optional ventilation gaps  116  in the cartridge provide airflow, latching with the receptacle, grip-points for an autoloader, and/or other features. The ventilation gaps  116  create an air interface for static discharge to reach the storage electronics  104 , but under normal ambient conditions, the conductive material of the housing is more conductive than the air interface. The storage electronics produce waste heat in some embodiments that the ventilation holes help dissipate. Different embodiments may have different storage electronics and the number and size of ventilation gaps  116  can be tailored to the heat requirements.  
         [0025]     With reference to  FIG. 2 , a top-sectional view of an embodiment of the removable data cartridge  100  is shown. The connector opening  120  is shown allowing access to the electrical connector  108 . On the other end of the removable data cartridge  100 , a ventilation hole  116  is shown. Other embodiments could put the ventilation hole(s)  116  anywhere on the cartridge  100 .  
         [0026]     Referring next to  FIG. 3 , a top-sectional view shows an embodiment of a cartridge receptacle  300 . The cartridge receptacle  300  is a device adapted to receive the removable data cartridge  100  for electrical and mechanical engagement. When the removable data cartridge  100  is properly inserted into the cartridge receptacle  300 , data can be read and written. The cartridge  100  can be inserted into receptacle while the host computer is operating. The receptacle  300  includes a computer connector  316 , receptacle electronics  304 , an electrical connector  308 , a housing having a cartridge slot  312 , and a grounding spring  324 .  
         [0027]     The grounding spring  324  is located inside the cartridge receptacle  300  and positioned to flexibly interrupt the path that a cartridge  100  would take upon insertion. More specifically, this grounding spring  324  is adapted to contact a conductive portion of the cartridge housing  112  when the cartridge  100  is inserted into the receptacle  300 . A conductive metal or plastic could be used for the grounding spring  324 . The spring  324  is also electrically coupled with the chassis of the receptacle  300 , which is connected to electrical ground for the host computer. The placement of the spring  324  is such that a conductive portion of the cartridge housing  112  contacts the spring  324  before the cartridge connector  108  mates with the receptacle connector  308 .  
         [0028]     The computer connector  316  provides a data path with a host system or computer. The receptacle electronics  304  translate between the computer connector  316  and cartridge connector  108  to functionally interact with the storage electronics  104 . The computer connector  316  could use a proprietary or standard interface (e.g., USB, FireWire, PATA, SATA, SCSI, and/or SAS).  
         [0029]     With reference to  FIG. 4 , a top-sectional view shows an embodiment of the removable data cartridge  100  and portions of the cartridge receptacle  300  mated together. The cartridge connector  108  mates with the receptacle connector  308  within the cartridge housing  112 .  
         [0030]     Referring next to  FIG. 5 , a side-sectional view shows an embodiment of the removable data cartridge  100  with a bleeder spring  504 . In this embodiment, a conductive spring or clip is used for the bleeder spring  504  inside the cartridge  100 . This bleeder spring  504  is fabricated from a conductive material (e.g., beryllium-copper, other conductive metal, or conductive plastic), and is placed in such a way to provide a conductive path between a circuit ground for the storage electronics  104  and the housing  112 .  
         [0031]     With reference to  FIG. 6 , a side-sectional view of an embodiment of the removable data cartridge  100  is shown being inserted into the cartridge receptacle  300 . The grounding spring  324  has come in contact with the data cartridge  100  before the storage electronics  104  would have any opportunity to equalize potential through the electrical connectors  108 ,  308 . At the instant depicted in this figure, the user may still be holding the cartridge  100  such that the user and the cartridge  100  are both at the same potential defined by the ground. A conduction path from the user goes through the conductive portion of the housing  112  to the grounding spring  324  to ground. A conduction path from the storage electronics  104  goes through the bleeder spring  504 , the conductive portion of the housing  112 , the grounding spring  324  to ground.  
         [0032]     While the principles of the disclosure have been described above in connection with specific apparatuses and methods, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as limitation on the scope of the disclosure.