Abstract:
A traveller for safety line for a fall arrest system has a slot extending to the exterior of the traveller and a safety line locating shuttle provided on-board the traveller wherein the safety line locating shuttle is movable relative to the slot along a predetermined path in a direction across the slot. This aids in accurate positioning of the safety line with respect to the traveller. The slot can be defined between opposed slot edges which are movable relative to one another to reconfigure the slot.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/393,245, filed May 10, 2012, which is the National Stage of PCT Application No. PCT/GB/2010/001653, filed on Sep. 1, 2010, which claims priority to British Patent Application Nos. GB 0915277.8, filed on Sep. 2, 2009, GB 0917481.4, filed on Oct. 6, 2009, and GB 1005933.5, filed on Apr. 9, 2010, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a safety line traveller, particularly to such a traveller for use in a fall arrest or fall safety system. 
       STATE OF THE ART 
       [0003]    In order to protect personnel from falls when working at height it is usual and often a legal requirement, to provide an elongate safety line running across a length of the area in which the personnel are to work. The personnel are attached to the safety line by a lanyard which is provided with a traveller to which the lanyard is secured. The traveller is fixed to the safety line such that it can travel along the safety line. The flexible lanyard is connected at its other end to a harness worn by the user. When connected the user can move with respect to the safety line, tension on the lanyard as the user moves causes the traveller to be dragged to move along the safety line. 
         [0004]    The safety line is anchored at each end. In order to allow a long uninterrupted length of safety line a number of intermediate supports are typically provided to support the safety line at predetermined positions along its length. The traveller and supports are designed to cooperate such that the traveller can automatically pass the along the safety line past the intermediate supports with the minimum of interference or snagging. 
         [0005]    Such a safety line system having intermediate supports and a traveller arranged to pass along the safety line past the intermediate supports is disclosed in for example WO02/092171. In the system disclosed the intermediate supports are provided with deflector or guide surfaces arranged to abut the traveller on approach to the intermediate support so as to re-orientate the traveller to enable smooth passage past the intermediate support. 
         [0006]    The issue is to orientate the slot in the traveller to permit the traveller to move smoothly past the intermediate support when the lanyard is tending to pivot or rotate the traveller out of the optimum alignment for passage past the intermediate support. 
         [0007]    In so called horizontal systems (often used on roof top structures) the safety line is typically positioned at waist height and the user often lifts the lanyard held in one hand when walking adjacent the safety line. This causes the traveller to rotate on the safety line to a position in which the traveller is orientated out of the optimum alignment for passage past the intermediate support. As a result the traveller will impact with the intermediate support and snag or jolt. 
         [0008]    Similar problems can exist for overhead safety line systems. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    The present invention is intended to provide an improved traveller for a fall arrest or fall safety system. 
         [0010]    According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a traveller for safety line for a fall arrest system, the traveller comprising:
       a slot extending to the exterior of the traveller;   a safety line locating shuttle provided on-board the traveller wherein the safety line locating shuttle is movable relative to the slot along a predetermined path in a direction across the slot.       
 
         [0013]    The slot is preferably effectively re-configurable between an open condition in which the slot dimension is of a first size and a closed condition in which the slot remains, but at a smaller size. 
         [0014]    Beneficially in certain realisations, biasing means is provided to bias the slot to the closed position from the open position. 
         [0015]    It may be preferred that slot is inhibited from re-configuration from the closed position to the open position unless the movable safety line locating shuttle is located in a predetermined position. 
         [0016]    It is preferred that the safety line locating shuttle comprises a shuttle configured to embrace and guide a safety line. Beneficially, the safety line locating shuttle comprises a receiving recess or seat for receiving the safety line. 
         [0017]    The shuttle is preferably spaced from the slot in-board the traveller of the slot, preferably such that the safety line is arranged to be positioned intermediate or between the shuttle and the slot. 
         [0018]    The slot is dimensioned to be smaller than the transverse dimension (diameter) of the safety line such that the safety line cannot pass sideways through the slot. 
         [0019]    In one embodiment the safety line locating shuttle is beneficially slidable (preferably in reciprocating motion) relative to the slot. 
         [0020]    Preferably the safety line locating shuttle is movable in a direction transversely across the slot between a first extreme position, more to one side of the slot, and a second extreme position, more toward the other side of the slot. 
         [0021]    In one preferred embodiment, the safety line locating shuttle may be slidably mounted to a traveller body element. 
         [0022]    Beneficially, the arrangement further comprises a load member for attachment to fall safety equipment. In certain embodiments, it is preferred that the load member can be rotated through 180 to 360 degrees about an axis to enable the load member to project in one of opposed directions from the traveller. The axis of rotation is preferably perpendicular to the axial direction of the safety line. 
         [0023]    In a preferred embodiment, the slot is defined between opposed slot edges, which are movable relative to one another to reconfigure the slot. 
         [0024]    This provides a further aspect of the invention which may be defined in general terms as a traveller for safety line for a fall arrest system, the traveller comprising a slot extending to the exterior of the traveller, characterised in that the slot is defined between opposed slot edges which are movable relative to one another to reconfigure the slot. 
         [0025]    Beneficially a respective slot edge is freely deflectable to reconfigure the slot in use. 
         [0026]    In addition to the slot being re-configurable in use to vary the size of the slot when attached to and drawn along the safety line, it is preferred that the slot is re-configurable between an open condition in which the slot dimension is of a first size and a closed condition in which the slot remains, but at a smaller size. This permits the traveller to be mounted to the safety line at a point intermediate the ends of the safety line. In the open configuration the slot is dimensioned to permit the safety line to pass through sideways. In the closed condition the safety line cannot pass through the slot because the slot is not large enough to permit this. Nonetheless in the closed configuration the slot is re-configurable, over a permitted range of movement, in use to vary the size of the slot when attached to and drawn along the safety line. 
         [0027]    In certain realisations it is preferred that biasing means is provided to bias the slot to the closed position from the open position. 
         [0028]    In certain embodiments, it is preferred that a respective slot edge is deflectable by means of pivotal movement to reconfigure the slot. In such an embodiment a respective edge may be provided on a support element which is pivotally mounted to the traveller. Beneficially the pivot axis is in a direction generally parallel to the axis of the safety line when in the traveller. 
         [0029]    In certain embodiments, it is preferred that a respective slot edge is deflectable by means of linear movement, such as sliding movement, to reconfigure the slot. In such an embodiment a respective edge may be provided on a support element which is linearly movably (for example slidably) mounted to the traveller. 
         [0030]    In certain embodiments, it is preferred that each of the opposed edges defining the slot are provided on a respective support element which is movably (preferably linearly) mounted to the traveller. 
         [0031]    Beneficially, the/or each slot edge is biased under gravity to a neutral position. 
         [0032]    Beneficially, in all positions during operation, the slot width between the edges is small enough to prevent the safety line passing via the slot out of captive engagement with the traveller. 
         [0033]    According to a further aspect, the invention provides a traveller for a safety line for a fall arrest system, the traveller comprising a traveller body having a zone for receiving a safety line and a slot in communication between the zone and the exterior of the traveller; and a load element facilitating attachment to a person, the load element comprising an arm which is arranged to extend outwardly from the body and in a direction to cross the level of the safety line receiving zone in the traveller. 
         [0034]    In one embodiment, it may be preferred that the biasing means comprises resilient biasing means which is energised when the slot moves to the open position and acts to restore the slot to the closed position. 
         [0035]    It is preferred that a release actuator arrangement is provided, which requires deployment from a home position in order to permit re-configuration of the slot from the closed position to the open position. Beneficially, the biasing means is associated with the release actuator arrangement. 
         [0036]    In one embodiment, it is preferred that the release actuator arrangement comprises a plurality of actuators positioned with one on either opposed side of the traveller. This ensures that the slot can only be opened deliberately and ameliorates the likelihood of accidentally opening the slot when the user is connected to the safety line. 
         [0037]    It is preferred that the movable safety line receiving element (such as a shuttle) is arranged to be held in a restrained position when the slot is in the open position. 
         [0038]    Where a release actuator arrangement is provided, which requires deployment from a home position in order to permit re-configuration of the slot from the closed position to the open position, it may be preferable that the movable safety line receiving element (such as the shuttle) is arranged to be held in the restrained position by deployment of the release actuator arrangement. 
         [0039]    Other preferred features are in accordance with earlier described aspects. 
         [0040]    The invention will now be further described in specific embodiments by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0041]      FIG. 1  is a schematic side view of a first embodiment of traveller in accordance with the invention; 
           [0042]      FIG. 2  is a view of the embodiment of  FIG. 1  mounted on an intermediate support for a safety line. 
           [0043]      FIGS. 3 and 4  are views of the embodiment of  FIGS. 1 and 2  at opposite extremes of rotational orientation with respect to the intermediate support of the safety line; 
           [0044]      FIG. 5  is a cross sectional view of the embodiment of the preceding figures; 
           [0045]      FIG. 6  is a schematic side view of an alternative embodiment of a traveller in accordance with the invention. 
           [0046]      FIG. 7  is a view of the embodiment of  FIG. 6  mounted on an intermediate support for a safety line. 
           [0047]      FIGS. 8 and 9  are views of the embodiment of  FIGS. 6 and 7  at opposite extremes of rotational orientation with respect to the intermediate support of the safety line; 
           [0048]      FIG. 10  is a schematic side view of an alternative embodiment of a traveller in accordance with the invention; 
           [0049]      FIG. 11  is a schematic sectional view of an embodiment similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 10 ; 
           [0050]      FIG. 12  is a view of the embodiment of  FIG. 11  mounted on an intermediate support for a safety line. 
           [0051]      FIGS. 13 and 14  are views of the embodiment of  FIGS. 11 and 12  at opposite extremes of rotational orientation with respect to the intermediate support of the safety line; 
           [0052]      FIG. 15  is a plan view of the traveller of  FIGS. 11 to 14 ; 
           [0053]      FIG. 16  is a side view of the embodiment of  FIGS. 11 to 15  in position on a safety line; 
           [0054]      FIG. 17  is a side view of a further alternative embodiment of traveller in accordance with the invention; 
           [0055]      FIG. 18  is a sectional view along the sectional line shown on  FIG. 17 ; 
           [0056]      FIG. 19  is a side view of the traveller of  FIGS. 17 and 18  in an alternative configuration in which one of the paddles can be opened to permit mounting on the safety line; 
           [0057]      FIG. 20  is a sectional view along the sectional line shown on  FIG. 19 ; 
           [0058]      FIG. 21  is a plan view of the traveller of  FIGS. 17 to 20 ; 
           [0059]      FIG. 22  is a sectional view along the sectional line shown on  FIG. 21 ; 
           [0060]      FIG. 23  is a plan view of the traveller of  FIGS. 17 to 22  in the configuration of  FIG. 19  in which one of the paddles can is tilted open to permit mounting on the safety line; 
           [0061]      FIG. 24  is a sectional view along the sectional line shown on  FIG. 23 ; 
           [0062]      FIG. 25  is a sectional view along the sectional line shown on  FIG. 26 ; 
           [0063]      FIG. 26  is a view corresponding to the view of  FIG. 19 ; 
           [0064]      FIG. 27  is a sectional view along the sectional line shown on  FIG. 28 ; 
           [0065]      FIG. 28  is a view corresponding to the view of  FIG. 17 ; 
           [0066]      FIGS. 29 to 31  are sectional views of a further alternative embodiment of traveller in accordance with the invention, shown in different operational configurations. 
           [0067]      FIGS. 32 to 34  are views of the traveller of  FIGS. 29 to 31  mounted on an intermediate support for a safety line in various angles of rotational orientation with respect to the intermediate support of the safety line; 
           [0068]      FIGS. 35 to 37  are explanatory sectional views showing re-configuration of the device of 
           [0069]      FIGS. 29 to 34  between the open configuration and the closed configuration enabling mounting to a safety line; 
           [0070]      FIGS. 38 and 39  are detail views of parts of the traveller of  FIGS. 29 to 37 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0071]    Referring to the drawings and initially to  FIGS. 1 to 5 , there is shown a safety line traveller  1  comprising a body  2  arranged to be held captive on and run along a safety line. The body is provided with an interior space  3  for receiving the safety line and a slot  4  defined between a pair of edges  2   a    2   b  running in the longitudinal direction of the safety line. The slot extends to the exterior of the traveller. As shown in  FIG. 2  the safety line is supported by intermediate supports  6  which have a cylindrical portion  7  defining a cylindrical channel  5  through which the safety line passes. A narrow section  8  of the support  6  extends from the cylindrical portion  7  to a distal anchor portion of the support (not shown) enabling the support to be secured to a support post or directly to a structure (usually by means of a threaded bolt or other mechanical fixing. Such supports are well known in the art. 
         [0072]    As can be seen from the drawings, the slot  4  defined between the pair of edges  2   a    2   b  running in the longitudinal direction of the safety line is of a gap sufficiently large to allow the narrow section  8  to pass through the gap as the traveller moves past the intermediate support. However the slot  4  defined between the pair of edges  2   a    2   b  is sufficiently small so as not to allow the safety line to pass out of the interior space  3  of the body when the traveller is moving along the safety line between the intermediate supports. Consequently it can be seen that it is important to align the slot  4  defined between the pair of edges  2   a    2   b  accurately with the narrow section  8  of the support  6  in the absence of any other means of correcting for mis-alignment. 
         [0073]    In the arrangement of  FIGS. 1 to 5 , the lanyard or other means of attachment to the user is connected, typically by a karabiner, attached to an eye  10  provided in an arm  11  extending from the body  2 . 
         [0074]    Positioned in the body  2  at the interior space  3  is a safety line locating shuttle  15  that is able to move in a predetermined manner in the direction of separation of the pair of edges  2   a    2   b . Typically the safety line locating shuttle  15  is capable of moving, in reciprocating motion, between extreme positions across at least a part of the slot  4  defined between the pair of edges  2   a    2   b . This may be achieved for example by the shuttle  15  being mounted to be slidable along a slider pin  16  mounted in the body  2  and extending across the interior space  3  of the body  2 . The safety line locating shuttle  15  is provided with an arcuate recess  14  in a lower portion arranged to locate with the safety line, or the cylindrical head  7  of the intermediate support, depending upon whether the shuttle is passing the intermediate support  6  or along a length of the safety line. 
         [0075]    As shown in  FIG. 2 , the shuttle is located centrally over the slot  4  as it passes the intermediate support  6  such that the narrow section  8  can move through the slot  4 . This is because the traveller  1  is in its neutral position as it is dragged past the support  6 , in which the traveller is orientated horizontally (i.e. the slot is horizontal). 
         [0076]    As shown in  FIG. 3 , if the traveller  1  is dragged past the intermediate support  6  in circumstances in which the lanyard is pulling downwardly on the arm  11  (arrow A), the traveller body  2  rotates such that the slot  8  is no longer orientated horizontally. Due to the nature of its construction, when this occurs, the shuttle  15  becomes re-orientated by moving upwardly and to the right in the figure to its extreme right position. This permits the narrow part  8  of the intermediate support  6  to pass through the slot  4 . Effectively the point of location of the cylindrical tube  7  in the body of the traveller  2  is moved to compensate for the re-orientation of the traveller body about the axis of the safety line or the cylindrical tube  7  of the support  6 . 
         [0077]    Conversely, and as shown in  FIG. 4  if the traveller  1  is dragged past the intermediate support  6  in circumstances in which the lanyard is pulling upwardly on the arm  11  (arrow B), the traveller body  2  rotates such that the slot  8  is no longer orientated horizontally. Due to the nature of its construction, when this occurs, the shuttle  15  becomes re-orientated by moving upwardly and to the left in the figure to its extreme left position. This permits the narrow part  8  of the intermediate support  6  to pass through the slot  4 . 
         [0078]    The slot  4  can therefore be dimensioned to permit the narrow section  8  of the support to pass in a wide degree of differing angular orientations, whilst ensuring that the safety line (on approach to, or exit from the support) or the support tube  7  is accurately held in the appropriate position with respect to the traveller body. 
         [0079]    In the embodiment shown, the shuttle  15  is attached to the arm  11 , such that as the shuttle  15  moves so too does the arm  11 . The arm is however rotatable through at least 360 degrees with respect to the shuttle  15 . A mounting spindle  17  passes through a circular aperture  19  in the arm  11  to be received in a bore  18  in the upper surface of the shuttle  15 . The spindle  19  is provided with a cap  20 . The slider pin  16  passes through the spindle  19 . The arm in most cases will only be required to be rotatable with respect to the shuttle  15  or traveller body  2  through 180 degrees. This will enable the arm to be used on either opposed side of the safety line. 
         [0080]    Referring now to the traveller arrangement shown in  FIGS. 6 to 9 , the traveller  101  comprises a traveller body  102  arranged to be held captive on and run along a safety line. The body  102  is provided with an interior space  103  for receiving the safety line and a slot  104  defined between a pair of edges  102   a    102   b  running in the longitudinal direction of the safety line. As shown in  FIG. 7  the safety line is supported by intermediate supports  6  which have a cylindrical tube portion  7  defining a cylindrical channel  5  through which the safety line passes. A narrow section  8  of the support  6  extends from the cylindrical portion  7  to a distal anchor portion of the support (not shown) enabling the support to be secured to a support post or directly to a structure (usually by means of a threaded bolt or other mechanical fixing. Such supports are well known in the art. 
         [0081]    As in respect of the previously described embodiment, the users lanyard (or other means of attachment to the user) is connected, typically by a karabiner, attached to an eye  110  provided in an arm  111  extending from the body  2 . 
         [0082]    In this embodiment the slot  104  is defined between the pair of edges  102   a    102   b  each provided on a separate pivotally movable paddle or element  102   c    102   d . Each paddle or element  102   c    102   d  is mounted to an upper body element  102   e  by means of a separate pivot fixing  126   127 . In a ‘normal’ configuration as shown in  FIG. 7 , the paddles are arranged to be orientated under gravity such that a turning moment arises about the pivot fixings  126   127  to urge the shoulders  102   f    102   g  into engagement with reaction surfaces provided on the upper body element  102   e . In an alternative embodiment biasing means (such as spring elements) may be used to bias the paddle elements  102   c    102   d  to a normal position (which may be the position shown in  FIG. 7  or another ‘home position). 
         [0083]    In this orientation (as shown in  FIG. 6 / 7 ) the slot  104  between edges  102   a    102   b  is sufficiently large to allow the narrow section  8  to pass through the gap as the traveller moves past the intermediate support. However the slot  104  defined between the pair of edges  102   a    102   b  is sufficiently small so as not to allow the safety line to pass out of the interior space  103  of the body when the traveller is moving along the safety line between the intermediate supports. Consequently it can be seen that it is important to align the slot  4  defined between the pair of edges  2   a    2   b  accurately with the narrow section  8  of the support  6  in the absence of any other means of correcting for mis-alignment. 
         [0084]    However in this embodiment, it is possible for the paddles  102   c    102   d  to pivotally re-orientate from the normal position when approaching or passing the intermediate support  6  in the event that the traveller has been forced to a rotationally re-oriented position with respect to the safety line or the cylindrical tube  7  of the intermediate support. 
         [0085]    As shown in  FIG. 8 , if the traveller  101  is dragged past the intermediate support  6  in circumstances in which the lanyard is pulling downwardly on the arm  111  (arrow A), the traveller body  102  rotates such that the slot  104  is no longer orientated horizontally. Due to the nature of its construction, particularly the provision of the inclined lower surface  102   h  of paddle  102   c , when approaching the support  6 , the paddle  102   c  becomes re-orientated as a result of contact between surface  102   h  and the leading edge of the narrow section  8  of the support, so as to displace the paddle  102   c  such that its edge  102   b  rotates upwardly toward the space  103 . This permits the narrow part  8  of the intermediate support  6  to pass through the re configured slot  104 . Effectively the slot  104  is re-configured by the pivoting of paddle  102   c  in order to compensate for the re-orientation of the traveller body about the axis of the safety line or the cylindrical tube  7  of the support  6 . 
         [0086]    Conversely, and as shown in  FIG. 9  if the traveller  101  is dragged past the intermediate support  6  in circumstances in which the lanyard is pulling upwardly on the arm  111  (arrow B), the traveller body  2  rotates such that the slot  104  is no longer orientated horizontally. Due to the nature of its construction, when this occurs, the paddle  102   d  becomes re-orientated as a result of contact between surface  102   j  and the leading edge of the narrow section  8  of the support, so as to displace the paddle  102   d  such that its edge  102   a  rotates upwardly toward the space  103 . This permits the narrow part  8  of the intermediate support  6  to pass through the re configured slot  104 . Effectively the slot  104  is re-configured and altered in spacing distance, by the pivoting of paddle  102   c  in order to compensate for the re-orientation of the traveller body about the axis of the safety line or the cylindrical tube  7  of the support  6 . 
         [0087]    In both extremes of reconfiguration of the paddles, the slot  104  is maintained at a dimension at which the tube  7  and/or the safety line cannot pass through 
         [0088]    The traveller  101  can therefore be configured automatically permit the narrow section  8  of the support to pass in a wide degree of differing angular orientations of the traveller. 
         [0089]    In this embodiment also the arm is however rotatable through at least 180 degrees (even possibly through 360 degrees) being mounted via a spindle attached to cap  320  which extends through a circular mounting aperture in the arm  311  to be received in a bore in the valve body. This enables 180 or 360 degrees rotation with respect to the valve body enabling the device to be adapted for use on either of the opposed sides of a safety line. 
         [0090]    Referring now to the embodiment of  FIG. 10 , there is shown a safety line traveller that combines the features of the re-orientatable, slidable shuttle  15  of the first embodiment with the re-orientatable paddles of the second embodiment. In  FIG. 10  the shuttle  315  is shown and is mounted to the main traveller body  302   e  by means of a slider pin extending across the traveller upper body  302   e . The pin is not shown in  FIG. 10 , but it will be appreciated that the shuttle  315  is provided with a bore through which the slider pin extends such that the shuttle can slide across the body from one extreme position to another. The slot  304  is defined between the edges of the paddles  302   c    302   d , which are both pivotally 6  mounted to the upper traveller body  302   e  by means of the pivot fixings  326   327 . 
         [0091]    The embodiment of  FIG. 10  having both the shuttle feature and the re-orientatable paddles provides that the arrangement is technically versatile and highly effective in smoothly passing by an intermediate support. The embodiment of  FIG. 10  also has an attachment eye  310  in the arm  311  that is oriented to define a pass through direction which is in the same general direction as the direction in which the safety line extends (i.e. in the same general direction of travel as the direction of travel of the traveller). This provides technical advantage. 
         [0092]    Referring now to the embodiment of  FIGS. 11 to 16 , the traveller is generally similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 10  except that the arm  311  is provided with an eye  311  extending from the upper surface to the lower surface of the arm.  FIG. 11  shows the shuttle  315  mounted to the upper traveller body  302   e  by means of a slider pin  316  extending across the traveller upper body  302   e . The shuttle  315  is provided with a bore through which the slider pin extends such that the shuttle can slide across the body from one extreme position to another. The slot  304  is defined between the edges of the paddles  302   c    302   d , which are both pivotally mounted by means of pivot fixings  326  to the upper traveller body  302   e.    
         [0093]    In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 10 to 16  and as clearly shown in  FIG. 11 , the shuttle  315  is attached to the arm  311 , such that as the shuttle  315  moves so too does the arm  311 . The arm is however rotatable through at least 180 degrees (typically fully 360 degrees) with respect to the shuttle  315 . A mounting spindle  317  passes through a circular aperture  319  in the arm  311  to be received in a blind bore  18  in the upper surface of the shuttle  15 . The spindle  19  is provided with a cap  320 . The slider pin  316  passes through the spindle  319 . The arm  311  in most cases will only be required to be rotatable with respect to the shuttle  15  or traveller body  2  through 180 degrees. This will enable the arm to be used on either opposed side of the safety line. It should be noted that, in the embodiment shown, the arm  311  is inclined outwardly and downwardly from the traveller to a degree to cross the level of the safety line. This ensures that when the traveller is in use the arm  311  when rotated will only do so until it clashes with the safety line or intermediate support (as shown most clearly in  FIG. 16 ). The arm therefore extends outwardly and in a transverse direction to pass across the level of the safety line position in the traveller  301 . 
         [0094]    As shown in  FIG. 12 , the shuttle  315  is located centrally over the slot  304  as it passes the intermediate support  6  such that the narrow section  8  can move through the slot  304 . This is because the traveller  301  is in its neutral position as it is dragged past the support  6 , in which the traveller is orientated horizontally (i.e. the slot is horizontal). In a ‘normal’ configuration as shown in  FIG. 12 , the paddles  302   c    302   d  are arranged to be orientated under gravity such that a turning moment arises about the pivot fixings  326   327  to urge the shoulders  302   f    302   g  into engagement with reaction surfaces provided on the upper body element  302   e . In this orientation the slot  304  between edges  302   a    302   b  is sufficiently large to allow the narrow section  8  to pass through the gap as the traveller moves past the intermediate support. 
         [0095]    As shown in  FIG. 13 , if the traveller  301  is dragged past the intermediate support  6  in circumstances in which the lanyard is pulling downwardly on the arm  311  (arrow A), the traveller rotates such that the slot  308  is no longer orientated horizontally. As a result, the shuttle  315  becomes re-orientated by moving upwardly and to the right in the figure to its extreme right position. Simultaneously, when approaching the support  6 , the paddle  302   c  becomes re-orientated as a result of contact between surface  302   h  and the leading edge of the narrow section  8  of the support, so as to displace the paddle  302   c  such that its edge  302   b  rotates upwardly toward the shuttle  315 . This permits the narrow part  8  of the intermediate support  6  to pass through the re configured slot  304 . This permits the narrow part  8  of the intermediate support  6  to pass through the slot  304 . 
         [0096]      FIG. 14  shows the reverse situation in which the traveller  301  is dragged past the intermediate support  6  in circumstances in which the lanyard is pulling upwardly on the arm  311  (arrow B). The shuttle  315  becomes re-orientated by moving upwardly and to the left in the figure to its extreme left position. Simultaneously, when approaching the support  6 , the paddle  302   d  becomes re-orientated as a result of contact between surface  302   j  and the leading edge of the narrow section  8  of the support, so as to displace the paddle  302   d  such that its edge  302   a  rotates upwardly toward the shuttle  315 . This permits the narrow part  8  of the intermediate support  6  to pass through the slot  304 . 
         [0097]    The combined use of the re-orientatable paddles to define the slot and the shuttle  315  provides maximum benefits in terms of use. 
         [0098]    Referring now to  FIGS. 17 to 28 , there is shown a further embodiment of traveller that embodies the re-orientatable paddles  402   c    402   d  and also the shuttle  415  and includes further functionality in that one of the paddles  402   d  can be moved from its ‘normal’ position to an open position in which the slot  404  defined by the spacing between the edges  402   a    402   b  of the paddles is large enough for the diameter of the safety line to pass through. For safety reasons the paddle  402   d  can only be moved from the normal position to the open position when a pair of actuator buttons  431   432  are pressed simultaneously into the traveller upper body  402   e.    
         [0099]    Furthermore the arrangement is such that the pair of actuator buttons  431   432  can only be pressed simultaneously into the traveller upper body  402   e  when the shuttle  415  is in a specific position with respect to the traveller upper body  402   e . This ensures that the safety line can only be received into the shuttle when the shuttle  415  is correctly aligned to receive the safety line and prevents the safety line being incorrectly inserted via the between the edges  402   a    402   b  of the paddles into a space to one side or the other of the shuttle  415 . 
         [0100]    A further feature is that the button actuators  431   432  are biased outwardly by means of springs  433   434  such that when released they revert to their position projecting outwardly from the upper traveller body  402   e . In moving back to that position, the paddle  402   d  is urged back to the normal position in which the gap between the paddle edges  402   a    402   b  is sufficiently small too prevent the safety line from passing out of the traveller  401  via the slot  404 . 
         [0101]    In  FIGS. 17 and 18  the shuttle  415  is shown in its intermediate position directly opposite the slot. The shuttle  415  is freely movable across from one side of the slot  404  to the other as in the earlier described embodiments. The shuttle  415  travels on the slider pin  416  guided in a channel  435  in the upper traveller body  402   e . The button actuators  431   432  are biased outwardly by the springs  433   434  and project outwardly from the traveller upper body  402   e  on opposed sides of the traveller  401 . The button actuators slide in respective recesses  441  in upper traveller body  402   e  and have guide slots  439  which accommodate a fixed guide pin  440  in order to guide the travel of the respective button actuator. 
         [0102]    The shuttle  415  is provided at opposed sides with respective recess formations  436  which are shaped and dimensioned to receive complementary engagement projections  437  provided on the button actuators  431   432 . The alignment of the recess formations  436  of the shuttle  415  with the projections  437  of the button actuators  431   432  only occurs when the shuttle  415  is slid to a specific position with respect to the upper body  402   e  and slot  404  (i.e. the spacing between the edges  402   a    402   b  of the paddles  402   c    402   d ). In the embodiment shown the alignment position is designed to be at the maximum extent of travel of the shuttle  415  to one side of the slot  404 . This is because the position is easy for the user to locate. In this specific position the button actuators  431   432  can be simultaneously pressed into the traveller body, acting against the biasing springs  433   434 , such that the projections  437  of the button actuators  431   432  become engaged in the recess formations  436  of the shuttle. In this position, whilst the user keeps the button actuators depressed, the shuttle cannot be moved from its located position. This is important because the paddle  402   d  is now caused to move to an open position in which the slot  404  defined by the spacing between the edges  402   a    402   b  of the paddles is large enough for the diameter of the safety line to pass through. The arrangement ensures that the paddle  402   d  can only be opened to accommodate the insertion of the safety line when the shuttle  415  is correctly located in the correct defined receiving position. The risk of the safety line being received into the traveller but incorrectly located on one side or the other of the shuttle  415  is therefore ameliorated. 
         [0103]    In the normal, closed position before and after receiving the safety line into the traveller  401 , the paddle  402   c    402   d  are in the position shown in  FIG. 22 . in this situation, when in use, the paddles are free to pivotally re-orientate about the pivot fixings  426   42 , in a similar manner to the earlier described embodiments, to best accommodate passage through the safety line intermediate supports, the paddle. In this respect it should be remembered that in use the paddles can only pivot upwardly from the normal position in response to operating forces. Gravity (or other biasing means) normally biases the paddles to the ‘normal’ position shown in  FIG. 22 . In this embodiment paddle  402   d  is prevented from rotating on the pivot fixing  427  (counter clockwise as shown in the view of  FIG. 22 ) to an open position, by means of two spaced upstanding projections  402   g  which abut against the forward edges  431   a    432   a  of a respective actuator button  431   432 . 
         [0104]    The button actuators at their forward edge  431   a    432   a  are provided with respective slots  445  spaced outwardly of the spring receiving cavities  451  of the button actuators  431   432 . The upper traveller body  402   e  is provided with correspondingly aligned slots  449 . When the button actuators  431   432  are not pushed fully in, the slots  445  do not align up with the slots  449  in the upper body an the upstanding projections  402   g  and the paddle  402   d  is thereby prevented from rotating on the pivot fixing  427  (counter clockwise as shown in the view of  FIG. 22 ) to an open position, because the two spaced upstanding projections  402   g  abutting against the forward edges  431   a    432   a  of a respective actuator button  431   432 . 
         [0105]    However, when the button actuators  431   432  are pushed fully in, the slots  445  align with the slots  449  in the upper body and the upstanding projections  402   g . This permits the paddle  402   d  to rotate counter-clockwise (arrow X in  FIG. 22 ) to the fully open position as shown in  FIG. 24 . In constructed embodiments it has been found that paddle rotation of approximately 15 degrees has been sufficient to open the gap  404  (defined by the spacing between the edges  402   a    402   b  of the paddles) the required degree to permit the safety line to be loaded. In the fully open position the paddle  402   d  abuts against the body  402   e  to prevent over opening of the gap  404 . Once the safety line is loaded into the shuttle, the paddle  402   d  can be reverted to the closed, normal, position (i.e. back to the position of  FIG. 22 ). Releasing pressure on the button actuators  431   432  causes the springs  433   434  to move the actuator buttons outwardly to return to their ‘home’ position in which the slots  445  do not align up with the slots  449  in the upper body and the upstanding projections  402   g  and the paddle  402   d  is thereby prevented from rotating counter-clockwise on the pivot fixing  427  to the open position. 
         [0106]    In certain embodiments, the paddle  402   d  may be caused to return from the open position to the closed position automatically as the actuator buttons  431   432  move outwardly to return to their ‘home’ position. This may be achieved for example by having co-acting inclined surfaces  445   a  on the slots  445  of the button actuators for engagement with the projections  402   g  of the paddle  402   d . As the actuator buttons  431   432  move outwardly to return to their ‘home’ position the inclined surface  445   a  acts against the projections  402   g  of the paddle  402   d  to urge the paddle from the position shown in  FIG. 25  to the position shown in  FIG. 27 . 
         [0107]    A further embodiment of a traveller  501  in accordance with a preferred realisation of the invention is shown in  FIGS. 29 to 37 . In this embodiment a shuttle  515  operable in the same manner as the previously described embodiments is provided and the slot is defined between re-orientatable paddles  502   c    502   d . In this instance the paddles are not pivotally mounted, so as to re-orientate by means of pivotal movement, but rather slide bodily to lift upwardly and fall downwardly with respect to the main traveller body  502   e  between a lowered position and a lifted position as the traveller  501  passes a respective intermediate support. 
         [0108]    As shown in  FIG. 32 , the shuttle  515  is located centrally over the slot  504  as it passes the intermediate support  6  such that the narrow section  8  can move through the slot  504 . This is because the traveller  501  is in its neutral position as it is dragged past the support  6 , in which the traveller is orientated horizontally (i.e. the slot is horizontal). In a ‘normal’ configuration as shown in  FIG. 29 , the paddles  502   c    502   d  are arranged to be orientated under gravity to rest in their lowered position (corresponding to the position shown in  FIG. 29 ). In this orientation the slot  504  between edges  502   a    502   b  is sufficiently large to allow the narrow section  8  to pass through the gap as the traveller moves past the intermediate support. 
         [0109]    As shown in  FIG. 33 , if the traveller  501  is dragged past the intermediate support  6  in circumstances in which the lanyard is pulling downwardly on the arm  511  (arrow A), the traveller rotates such that the slot  508  is no longer orientated horizontally. As a result, the shuttle  515  becomes re-orientated by moving upwardly and to the left in the figure to its extreme left position. Simultaneously, when approaching the support  6 , the paddle  502   d  becomes re-orientated, being lifted upwardly from its lowered at rest position as a result of contact between surface  502   j  and the leading edge of the narrow section  8  of the support, so as to displace the paddle  502   d  upwardly toward the shuttle  515 . This permits the narrow part  8  of the intermediate support  6  to pass through the re configured slot  504 . 
         [0110]      FIG. 34  shows the reverse situation in which the traveller  501  is dragged past the intermediate support  6  in circumstances in which the lanyard is pulling upwardly on the arm  511  (arrow B). The shuttle  515  becomes re-orientated, by moving upwardly and to the right in the figure to its extreme right position. Simultaneously, when approaching the support  6 , the paddle  502   c  becomes re-orientated, being lifted upwardly from its lowered at rest position as a result of contact between surface  502   h  and the leading edge of the narrow section  8  of the support, so as to displace the paddle  502   c  upwardly toward the shuttle  515 . This permits the narrow part  8  of the intermediate support  6  to pass through the re configured slot  504 . 
         [0111]    The combined use of the re-orientatable paddles to define the slot and the shuttle  315  provides maximum benefits in terms of use. Paddles that can slide to lift and fall bodily with respect to the traveller body rather than being pivotally mounted are believed to improve robustness and be less likely to fail in the event of a fall. 
         [0112]    The shuttle  515  is attached to the load arm  511 , such that as the shuttle  315  moves across the slot, then so too does the arm  511 . The load arm  51  is however rotatable through fully 360 degrees with respect to the shuttle  515  and therefore also rotatable with respect to the main traveller body  502   e . A mounting spindle  517  comprising the shuttle passes through a circular aperture  519  in the arm  511 . The spindle  519  is provided with a cap  520 . The slider pin  516  passes through the spindle  519 . The rotary mounting of the arm  511  with respect to the shuttle  515  and the main traveller body  502   e  enables the arm  511  to be used on either opposed side of the safety line. It should be noted that, in the embodiment shown, the arm  511  has a karabiner attachment bracket  510 , which is positioned outwardly and downwardly from the traveller to a degree to cross the level of the safety line. This ensures that when the traveller is in use the load arm  511 , when rotated, will only do so until it clashes with the safety line or intermediate support. The arm therefore extends outwardly and in a transverse direction to pass across the level of the safety line position in the traveller  501 . 
         [0113]    In this embodiment, the shuttle  515  is mounted to the upper traveller body  502   e  by means of a slider pin  516  extending across the traveller upper body  502   e . The shuttle  515  is provided with a channel through which the slider pin  516  extends such that the shuttle can slide across the body from one extreme position to another (the opposed extreme shuttle positions are shown in  FIGS. 30 and 31  respectively). The slot  504  is defined between the edges  502   a    502   b  of the paddles  502   c    502   d , which are both slidably mounted with respect to the upper traveller body  502   e.    
         [0114]    The paddles  502   c    502   d  are both slidably mounted with respect to the upper traveller body  502   e  in respective guide channels in the main traveller body  502   e . The paddles slide in a transverse direction to the direction of movement of the shuttle with respect to the main traveller body  502 . An exemplary paddle  502   d  is shown in  FIG. 38 . Each paddle has a stem portion  502   f    502   g  which is constrained to move upwardly and downwardly in the guide channel in the main traveller body  502   e , and a transverse portion  502   l    502   m  which extends away from the respective stem portion terminating at the paddle tips  502   a    502   b  which are spaced to define the slot  504  between the paddle elements. The stem portions  502   f    502   g  of the paddles are each provided with an upwardly orientated slot  571  through which the slider pin  516  passes. In the lowered position resting under gravity, both of the paddle elements  502   c    502   d  are at rest suspended from the slider pin  16 , and prevented from becoming separated from the main traveller body by the slider pin  516  passing through the slot  571  in the stem portion of the respective paddles  502   c    502   d . This position is shown in  FIG. 29 . 
         [0115]    The ‘in operation’ upward limit of sliding movement of paddle  502   d  is defined by an abutment shoulder  573  carried by the main traveller body  502   e . The paddle  502   d  abutting the shoulder  573  in the uppermost operational position of the paddle  502   d  is shown in  FIG. 31 . In this position the upper surface of the stem portion  502   g  of the paddle  502   d  lies flush with the upper surface of the main traveller body  502   c  and abuts against the underside surface of the lower arm element  511   a.    
         [0116]    The ‘in operation’ upward limit of sliding movement of paddle  502   c  is defined by the position in which the upper surface of the stem portion  502   f  of the paddle  502   c  lies flush with the upper surface of the main traveller body  502   e  and abuts against the underside surface of the lower arm element  511   a . The paddle  502   c  abutting the underside surface of the lower arm element  511   a  in the uppermost operational position of the paddle  502   c  is shown in  FIG. 30 . 
         [0117]    In all the operational positions of the shuttle  515  and paddles  502   c    502   d  when the karabiner is attached to the attachment  510 , the slot gap  504  between the edges of the paddles  502   c    502   d  is maintained sufficiently small that the safety line to which the traveller is secured cannot pass out of the traveller body  502 . 
         [0118]    In order to permit the traveller  501  to be secured to the safety line or removed from the safety line, the components of the traveller  501  must be configured in a specific orientation in order to enable the paddle  502   c  to be raised to a line-mounting/de-mounting position, which is raised above its ‘in operation’ upward limit. This position is shown in  FIG. 37 , in which the safety line can pass through the expanded gap  504  between the paddle  502   c    502   d  edges into or out of the shuttle  515 . An advantageous feature of the arrangement is that in the line loading position, the karabiner cannot be secured to the arm attachment  510 . Conversely, the arrangement cannot be configured for line loading or unloading whilst the karabiner remains attached to the attachment bracket  510 . 
         [0119]    In order to achieve this the lower arm element  511  a is provided with an attachment bracket  510   a  which is slidable linearly with respect to the upper arm element  511  (and bracket portion  510 ) between a position in which karabiner receiving apertures  581  on the attachment brackets  510   a    510  are coaxially aligned ( FIGS. 35 and 39 ) and a position in which the karabiner receiving apertures on the attachment brackets  510   a    510  are in maximum mis-alignment ( FIG. 36 ). An elongate slot is provided in the lower arm element  511  to permit sliding relative to the upper arm element  511  and also the shuttle  515 . As shown in  FIG. 39  the inner attachment bracket  510   a  is nested within the outer attachment bracket  510 , each generally being ‘U’ shaped in configuration. 
         [0120]    In order to configure the device in the safety line-mounting/de-mounting position, the lower arm  511   a  must first be moved to the position in which the karabiner receiving apertures on the attachment brackets  510   a    510  are in maximum mis-alignment ( FIG. 36 ). In this position, the slot in the lower arm  511   a  directly overlies the guide channel in the traveller main body  502   e , which guides the stem  502   f  of the paddle  502   c . In this position the slot in the lower arm  511   a  additionally lies directly under an aperture  576  in the upper arm  511 . The slot in the lower arm  511   a  and the aperture  576  in the upper arm  511  are both shaped and dimensioned so as to permit the stem  502   f  of the paddle  502   c  to pass upwardly through the arms  511  and  511   a , to the raised line-mounting/de-mounting position which is lifted above the ‘in operation’ upward limit of the paddle  502   c . This position is shown in  FIG. 37 . It should be noted that in the raised line-mounting/de-mounting position shown in  FIG. 37 , the paddle  502   c  abuts against a shoulder  579  provided on the traveller main body  502   e . The shoulder  579  is provided at a raised level with respect to the shoulder  573 . Also, the paddle  502   c  is provided with an aperture  580  configured to accommodate a peripheral edge of the shuttle  515  enabling the paddle  502   c  to be raised to the raised line-mounting/de-mounting position. 
         [0121]    As mentioned earlier, an advantage of this embodiment of the invention is that the paddles are not pivotally mounted, which reduces components and also improves robustness of construction. Additionally, the traveller can only be configured in the raised line-mounting/de-mounting position when the attachment brackets  510   a    510  are in maximum mis-alignment ( FIG. 36 ). This means that the traveller cannot be de-mounted from the line when the karabiner is attached. A further advantage of the arrangement is that the safety line can only be correctly inserted into the receiving saddle of the shuttle  515  and cannot be inserted in error into another portion of the internal cavity of the traveller body  502 . This is because access to other portions the internal cavity of the traveller body  502  is obscured by the position of the shuttle  515  and paddles  502   c    502   d  when orientated in the mounting/de-mounting position. 
         [0122]    Effectively, the slot  504  is re-configurable between an open condition in which the slot dimension is of a first size for enabling mounting/de-mounting with respect to a safety line; and a closed condition, locked by the lower arm  511   a , in which the slot  504  remains, but at a smaller size to ensure the traveller remains mounted on the safety line. In the closed condition the opposed slot edges are still moveable freely movable relative to one another to reconfigure the slot giving the improved flexibility to pass the safety line intermediate supports. However the range of slot sizes over the range of slot edge movement in the closed condition is such that the traveller cannot disengage from the safety line via the slot  504 . 
         [0123]    The traveller of the invention can be used effectively with standard types of intermediate support currently in use. No special deflectors or modifications need to be made to existing standard types of intermediate support.