Abstract:
A wireless network includes a satellite antenna assembly with a reflector dish and at least one low-noise block converter (LNB) positioned opposite the reflector dish. A wireless transceiver transmits video and data information to one or more users located in a surrounding area. An interface unit is coupled to provide communication signals to the wireless transceiver. The unit is also configured for connection to an interactive data network so that the one or more users are provided with connectivity to the interactive data network via the wireless transceiver. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is related to co-pending application Ser. No. 10/315,694, filed Dec. 10, 2002, entitled, “A NTENNA  A SSEMBLY FOR  S ATELLITE AND  W IRELESS  S ERVICES ”; Ser. No. 10/315,460, filed Dec. 10, 2002, entitled, “A PPARATUS AND  M ETHOD  F OR  W IRELESS  V IDEO  G AMING ”; and Ser. No. 10/315,788, filed Dec. 10, 2002, entitled, “M ASS  S TORAGE  R EPOSITORY  F OR A  W IRELESS  N ETWORK ”; each of which is assigned to the assignee of the present application. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to the field of transmission of digital data; more specifically, to satellite communication systems and networks for distributing video data and for providing interactive services to geographically dispersed clients. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Satellite communications systems have been widely deployed over the past several decades. By way of example, Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) services have increasingly expanded to provide a variety of video program services directly to people&#39;s homes, apartments, and offices. In a conventional direct-to-home (DTH) satellite communication system, one or more telecommunications satellites in geosynchronous orbit receive media content from a broadcast “uplink” center. The satellite then radiates microwave signal beams to send the media content across a geographical region of the planet. For example, in the case of satellite service providers like DirectTV® video programs are broadcast across a wide region of the continental United States from several satellites in geosynchronous orbit above the Earth&#39;s equator. 
     Subscriber homes in the U.S. typically utilize an outdoor antenna dish mounted to their roof or an exterior wall to receive the satellite-transmitted signals. A satellite receiver or set-top box within the home is connected to the antenna for acquiring the satellite carrier signal and displaying the video program content received from the satellite transmission. As is well known, the satellite receiver may include decompression, decryption, decoder, demodulation and other circuitry for converting the received signals into a format (e.g., high definition television (HDTV), standard definition television (SDTV), etc.) suitable for viewing on a display device by the subscriber. For example, for direct-to-home digital satellite carriers which conform to Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) standards, the satellite receiver is configured to receive a set of parameters that may include the polarization, symbol rate, forward error correcting (FEC) rate and frequency to acquire the satellite digital carrier. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,473,858, 6,430,233, 6,412,112, 6,323,909, 6,205,185, and 5,742,680 describe various conventional satellite communication systems that operate in this manner. 
     Satellite transmissions are often grouped in channel sets, wherein each channel set spans a certain transmit band. The channel sets are typically isolated by different electromagnetic polarizations. For instance, channel sets may be transmitted with linear polarization (i.e., horizontal or vertical) or circular polarization (i.e., left-hand or right-hand). These channel sets are detected on a polarization-sensitive antenna assembly through a low-noise block converter (LNB) mounted opposite a parabolic antenna dish. The LNB may be configured, for example, to detect the horizontal or vertical polarized signals reflected from the antenna dish. The LNB connects to the satellite receiver unit or set-top box located inside the subscriber&#39;s home via a coaxial cable. 
     In some receiving systems two LNBs are provided to receive both channel sets so that multiple television sets within a home may view different program channels simultaneously. Examples of different satellite data receiving systems are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,424,817 and 5,959,592. 
     One of the problems with satellite communication systems is that they generally require an unobstructed line-of-sight between the orbiting satellite and the receiving antenna dish. In the United States, for instance, satellites typically orbit above the equator and are therefore “seen” by the antenna above the southern horizon. A home in a densely populated metropolitan region, however, may have its view of the southern sky obstructed by a tall building. In other cases, apartment dwellers living in units on the north side of a building may be precluded from mounting an antenna anywhere to receive satellite transmissions from a satellite orbiting above the southern horizon. 
     In other cases, landlords who own apartment buildings containing multiple units may be reluctant to permit tenants to mount multiple antenna dishes on their structure or route cable wires through the exterior and interior of the building. Routing of wires is also a problem in homes, particularly when multiple televisions are to receive programming services. The line-of-sight requirement and the problem of multi-dwelling units (MDUs) have therefore limited the number of homes that can receive digital services from satellite vendors. 
     An additional problem that satellite vendors generally face is the difficulty of providing interactive data services to their customers. Some specialized satellite service providers offer two-way data services, but these systems require the subscriber to purchase a fairly large antenna dish (e.g., 3-5 feet wide) with increased power demands for uplink transmission to the satellite. Another drawback is the inherent latency associated with signal transmission from Earth to the orbiting satellite, and then back down to Earth. This latency can produce sluggish system performance as compared to terrestrial cable systems, for example, when the user wants to access a web page containing large amounts of content and data. 
     Thus, there is a pressing need for new apparatus and methods for distributing satellite services and video content to the general population on an expanded basis. There is also a need for a communication network that provides additional services, such as interactive data services, to subscribers at a competitive cost and at a high performance level. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention will be understood more fully from the detailed description that follows and from the accompanying drawings, which however, should not be taken to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown, but are for explanation and understanding only. 
         FIG. 1  is a conceptual diagram of a satellite communication system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of an antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a more detailed view of the components comprising the signal unit of the antenna assembly shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is an example showing an application of the present invention to a multi-dwelling unit. 
         FIG. 5  illustrates the spectrum band utilized for cable communications with the wireless transceiver in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 6  depicts the type of information and signals transmitted between the network interface/satellite receiver device and antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 7  shows the example of  FIG. 4  optionally including a mass storage repository according to another embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 8  shows an alternative embodiment of the present invention, wherein a wireless transceiver is incorporated in a distribution box. 
         FIG. 9  shows an example of a wireless transceiver functioning as a free-standing repeater in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The present invention is a pioneering advancement in the field of multimedia communication systems. By integrating a wireless transceiver into a satellite antenna assembly, the present invention provides, for the first time, a wireless local area network (WLAN) which both distributes a wide range of video services (digitally-encoded broadcast services, pay-per-view television, and on-demand video services, etc.) and provides two-way (i.e., interactive) data services to individuals located across a wireless coverage region. 
     In the following description numerous specific details are set forth, such as frequencies, circuits, configurations, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, persons having ordinary skill in the satellite and communication arts will appreciate that these specific details may not be needed to practice the present invention. It should also be understood that the basic architecture and concepts disclosed can be extended to a variety of different implementations and applications. Therefore, the following description should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , a conceptual diagram of a satellite communication system in accordance with the present invention is shown comprising a telecommunications satellite  12  positioned in a fixed, geosynchronous orbital location in the sky over the particular geographical region of the Earth. Satellite  12  utilizes standard solar panels to generate power for the satellite&#39;s resources which includes one or more transponders that provide telecommunication links (i.e., “uplinks” and “downlinks”) to Earth-based stations and receivers. 
     For example,  FIG. 1  shows a large antenna  10  that broadcasts video programs from an uplink center to satellite  12 . This uplink signal is represented by arrow  11   a . Satellite  12  transmits the broadcast signal (e.g., downlink  11   b ) across a coverage region of the Earth, where it may be received at a home  14  equipped with an outdoor antenna assembly coupled to electronics for displaying the video programs. The antenna assembly, which is also shown in  FIG. 2 , includes a support  21  attached to a parabolic or concave reflector dish  16 , which is aimed to the location in the sky where satellite  12  is positioned in geosynchronous orbit above the earth. Support  21  may include a base plate  13  to facilitate mounting of the antenna assembly to the exterior (e.g., roof) of house  14 . An arm  15 , attached to either dish  16  or support  21 , extends to position a signal unit  18  at a focal point of the reflector dish  16 . An antenna  77  for wireless transmissions is also shown attached to unit  18 . Unit  18  converts the electromagnetic radiation reflected from dish  16  into electrical signals carried by one or more conductors  20  to a network interface unit  23  or satellite receiver  24  within home  14 . Receiver  24 , for example, converts the satellite transmission signals into a format for display on television  26 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 3 , there is shown an exemplary embodiment of signal unit  18  in accordance with the present invention comprising a pair of low-noise block converters (LNBs)  72  &amp;  73  and a wireless transceiver  71  mounted in a case or housing  76 . Wireless transceiver  71  has an associated antenna  77  to effectuate wireless transmissions. Feed horns  74  and  75  associated with LNBs  72  &amp;  73 , respectively, protrude from a side of housing  76  that is positioned nearest to reflector dish  16 . Alternatively, the signal unit  18  may utilize a single feed horn coupled to one or more LNBs. Other embodiments may include multiple transceivers, each having its own associated wireless antenna. For instance, an alternative embodiment may comprise a pair of LNBs with an associated pair of wireless transceivers, each having its own wireless antenna. 
     In this example, LNBs  72  &amp;  73  may be configured to receive horizontally and vertically polarized satellite transmission signals. Cable  20  connects with the LNBs and transceiver  71 . (It should be understood that within the context of this disclosure, the term “cable” is used to refer to one or more wires and that such wires may comprise coaxial wires of a type known as RG-6, or a similar type.) 
     It is appreciated that in other embodiments unit  18  may comprise a single LNB and a wireless transceiver. In still other embodiments, unit  18  may include four or more LNBs and one or more wireless transceivers mounted together. 
     According to one embodiment of the present invention, wireless transceiver  71  operates in compliance with IEEE specification 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, etc., to provide high-speed networking and communication capability to computers, televisions, and other devices compatibly equipped to receive such wireless signals. Other embodiments may operate in compliance with variant specifications that are compatible with IEEE specification 802.11a, 802.11b, or 802.11g, and which provide for wireless transmissions at high-bandwidth video data rates (e.g., about 2 Mbps or greater). For the purposes of the present application, IEEE specification 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band networking protocols are denoted as “802.11x”. Other non-ISM bands wireless network protocols could be utilized as well. Transceiver  71  facilitates network connectivity to users located within a surrounding range, allowing them to receive satellite broadcast programs, pay-per-view services, on-demand video, Internet access, and other interactive data services, thus obviating the need for a wired connection to individual users. 
     In the example of  FIG. 1 , transceiver  71  operates over the license-free 5 GHz band (e.g., 5725 MHz to 5850 MHz) to provide upwards of 54 Mbps of bandwidth in good transmission conditions. IEEE specification 802.11a allows for a high-speed wireless transmission of raw data at indoor distances of up to several hundred feet and outdoor distances of up to ten miles, depending on impediments, materials, and line-of-sight. 802.11a has twelve channels (eight in the low part of the band for indoor use and four in the upper for outdoor use) which do not overlap, allowing for dense installations. According to the present invention, individual users may receive transmissions from transceiver  71  using hardware equipment available from a number of vendors. For example, Proxim, Inc. manufactures and sells the Harmony 802.11a PCI card that provides wireless broadband networking at a data rate of 54 Mbps. 
     In another embodiment, transceiver  71  operates in compliance with IEEE specification 802.11g over the license-free 2.46 GHz band. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , wireless signals  17  may be transmitted from unit  18  of the antenna assembly mounted on house  14  to a nearby laptop computer  25  installed with a PC card or a PCI card that is 802.11x compliant. Similar equipment may be installed into slots of a personal computer  38  or a television  37  to provide connectivity to network services in a house  36  that is located within the neighboring range of the wireless transceiver, despite the fact that house  36  does not have a satellite antenna dish or is not otherwise wired to receive such services. This means, for example, that someone may access their electronic mail from any location within the full extent of the wireless network since the transmission signals pass easily through walls and glass. 
     In the example of  FIG. 1 , house  36  may be located outside of the signal range of wireless transmission signals  17 , but within the range of the wireless signals  27  from the transceiver mounted in unit  28  of antenna assembly  26  on top of a neighboring house  34 . In such a case, the transceiver within unit  28  may function as a repeater or hub for house-to-house transmissions; that is, to relay the media content and interactive services provided at home  14  to users at home  36  and elsewhere. Through the use of transceivers  71  functioning as repeaters, content and two-way data services may be distributed to end users located at considerable distances from the original service connection source. In other words, a neighborhood of antenna assemblies that include wireless transceivers can be used to create a network that provides distributed video program and interactive data connectivity. Homes installed with an antenna assembly according to the present invention may still act as a house-to-house repeater for the neighborhood as part of a “roof-hopping” scheme, even though they may not have an immediate need for wireless communications, Later on, those homes may simply add the appropriate hardware (e.g., wireless communication card, network interface box, etc.) to take advantage of the additional services such as interactive data provided by wireless connectivity. 
     It is appreciated that wireless transceiver  71  need not be physically located on or inside of signal unit  18 . In  FIG. 8 , for example, a wireless transceiver connected to wireless antenna  111  is incorporated into a distribution box  110 . Distribution box  110  may splice into cable  20  at any point, and therefore may be remotely located some distance from the antenna assembly comprising reflector  16 , arm  15 , and signal unit  18 . In addition to providing a point for wireless transmissions, distribution box  110  may also function as a splitter or switching device for the signals carried on cable  20 . 
     It should be further understood that according to the present invention, the individual satellite antenna assemblies need not be located on homes or other buildings; instead, they may be positioned on existing telephone poles, or mounted on other structures with dedicated, stand-alone hardware. Additionally, a plurality of stand-alone wireless transceivers that function solely as signal repeaters may be distributed in a geographic region or throughout a large building wherever power is available to provide network connectivity that extends throughout the region or area. 
     For example,  FIG. 9  shows a free-standing antenna assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention. The antenna assembly, which includes a signal unit  18  with wireless antenna  77  positioned at the distal end of arm  15  opposite reflector  16 , is mounted on a pole  113  along with an associated solar cell panel  115 . Solar cell panel  115  provides power to support the 802.11x wireless transceiver operating as a repeater on an around-the-clock basis. Solar cell panel  115  may be dimensioned sufficiently large enough, and may be coupled to a storage cell battery (not shown) mounted on the pole or in back of the panel so as to provide power “24×7” to the antenna assembly based on minimum daily solar radiation averages for the particular geographic location. 
       FIG. 4  shows a large apartment building  50  with a satellite antenna assembly that includes a reflector dish  56  and a wireless transceiver mounted in signal unit  58 . (The electronics that provides power and command/control signals for the antenna assembly is not shown in  FIG. 4  for clarity reasons.) A series of repeaters  60   a - 60   e  are located on various floors throughout the building to distribute signal transmissions to/from the transceiver of unit  58  to each of the multiple apartment units within building  50 . A two-way data service connection (e.g., DSL) is provided to an 802.11x wireless transceiver/repeater  60   e . Thus, subscribers located anywhere within building  50  may connect to the DSL service via this wireless transmission. Similarly, two-way data service connectivity is provided to others within the range of the transceiver of unit  58  of the antenna assembly mounted on the roof of building  50  (or to anyone in a neighboring region reached via roof-hopping signal repeating). In a metropolitan region a single satellite antenna assembly with integrated wireless transceiver can therefore distribute high bandwidth services to residents of neighboring buildings, even though those neighboring buildings may not have a satellite antenna or be otherwise wired to receive those services. 
     Additionally, wireless transceiver/repeater  60   e  may be connected to receive video content from some media source, e.g., a Digital Versatile Disk (“DVD”) player, or cable television programming. In the later case, for instance, wireless transceiver/repeater  60   e  may include a cable modem equipped with an 802.11x transmitter. These alternative or additional services may then be distributed in a similar manner described above. 
       FIG. 1  also illustrates another extension of the network provided by the present invention, wherein media content may be distributed to an 802.11x compliant receiver unit  40  installed in the trunk of an automobile  39 , or other mobile vehicle. Unit  40 , for instance, may include a hard disk drive to store video programs received from wireless transmission signals  17  when automobile  40  is parked, say, overnight in a garage. These programs can then be viewed by rear-seat passengers on a trip the following day. 
     With continued reference to the example of  FIG. 1 , two-way data service is shown being provided by cable  19  connected to a network interface unit  23 . Cable  19  may provide a direct subscriber line (DSL) connection, for instance, which may then be distributed to subscribers in the surrounding range of wireless signals  17 . Thus, according to the present invention a user of laptop computer  25 , who may be located outdoors or at a nearby cafë, can access the Internet, watch a pay-per-view film, or receive a multitude of other multimedia services. 
     Alternatively, network interface unit  23  may be connected to a cable broadcast service provider (e.g., cable television) through an Ethernet or Universal Serial Bus (USB), or similar connection, thereby enabling wireless access of those cable services to subscribers within the range of the wireless network. This means that a subscriber may watch their favorite television program or a pay-per-view movie from a laptop computer or television while outdoors, in a cafë, or in some other building, within the wireless coverage region without the need for a direct-wired cable connection. Distribution of cable services may be implemented with a cable modem device that includes an 802.11x transmitter. It is appreciated that additional circuitry for encrypting the video and data information may also be included to thwart pirates and interlopers. 
     Network interface unit  23  provides power to and communicates with transceiver  71  of unit  18  via cable  20 . Although the embodiment of  FIG. 1  shows network interface unit  23  connected to satellite receiver  24 , alternatively both devices may be integrated in to a single device  30 , as shown in  FIG. 6 . In either case, the network interface unit communicates with the transceiver using spectrum that is not otherwise utilized in cable  20 . Since satellite receivers tend to operate in the spectrum from about 1.2 GHz to about 2 GHz, the spectrum below 1.2 GHz, down to about 40 MHz, may be used for communications with the wireless transceiver. This spectrum band is illustrated in  FIG. 5 . 
     It should also be understood that although  FIG. 1  shows a direct connection between satellite receiver  24  and television  26 , alternatively, video services may be provided to any 802.11x compliant television (e.g., installed with an 802.11x adapter card) located within the house or surrounding wireless coverage region. 
       FIG. 6  depicts the type of information and signals carried by cable  20  between network interface/satellite receiver device  30  and unit  18  of the antenna assembly of the present invention. Many techniques are well known in the electronics and communications arts for transmitting such signals, such as QPSK and QAM modulation. As shown, satellite signals received by the antenna assembly are provided to device  30  via cable  20 . Additionally, wireless transmissions received by transceiver  71  are coupled to device  30 . Device  30  provides power to the LNBs and transceiver, LNB configurations signals, transceiver command and control signals, and wireless data via cable  20 . By way of example,  FIG. 6  shows device  30  having a DSL connection that may provide Internet access to users within the surrounding range of the transceiver of unit  18 . 
       FIG. 7  illustrates the MDU example of  FIG. 4 , but with a specialized mass storage repository unit  64  installed on the rooftop of building  50 . Repository unit  64  comprises a number of hard disk drives (HDDs) having a large total storage capacity (e.g., 10 terabytes) arranged as a RAID (“Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks”)  65  that functions as a media library apparatus. An 802.11x compliant wireless transceiver  66  is also included in repository unit  64  along with various electronics  67  coupled to both RAID  65  and transceiver  66 . Electronics  67  may comprise a microcomputer including a processor (CPU), a ROM, a RAM, etc., to control the data read/write processing by the HDDs and to control the operation of transceiver  66 . Electronics  67  may also include data compression/decompression circuitry for certain video and data applications. Still other embodiments may include encryption/decryption circuitry for receiving and sending transmissions in a secure manner. The RAID  65 , transceiver  66 , and electronics  67  are all housed in rugged, weather-resistant enclosure providing a suitable environment for the HDDs and the other circuitry. 
     Repository unit  64  may communicate via wireless transmission utilizing wireless transceiver  66  connected to a wireless antenna  68  mounted on top of unit  64 . Alternatively, unit  64  may be coupled with signal unit  58  via a wire connection  69  (e.g., CAT-5) to utilize the transceiver in signal unit  58  for wireless communications. 
     In an alternative embodiment, repository unit  64  may be attached to the satellite antenna assembly to directly utilize the wireless transceiver installed in signal unit  58 . 
     The purpose of RAID  65  is to store recorded media content (e.g., pay-per-view movies, videos, DVDs, special event programs, etc.). This content can be accumulated over time in a “trickle feed” manner from wireless transceiver  66 , which may receive content from various sources such as satellite transmissions, media players, cable television, Internet, etc. Over time, repository unit  64  may store such large volumes of video programming. Anyone having the capability to access the wireless network can pay a fee to receive a particular show, movie, or viewable program stored in repository unit  64  on an on-demand basis. 
     Additionally, because of the interactive capabilities of the wireless network, the subscriber or user may communicate with unit  64  to provide commands such as “pause”, “fast forward”, “rewind”, etc. Indeed, because of the large storage space available, live broadcast programs available through the WLAN described previously may be manipulated using such commands, thereby providing enhanced viewing flexibility to the user. Hard disk drive failures, which often plague in-home digital video recorders (DVRs), are not a problem because of the redundancy protection built into the RAID. Should a particular hard disk drive fail during operation, the remaining disk drive units simply take over until the repository unit can be serviced, at which time the failed drive can be replaced. 
     Repository unit  64  may also function as an archive storage apparatus for individuals within a local area to utilize as a storage facility for back-ups of personal data. For example, personal data such as photographs, important documents, books, articles, etc. may be transferred into a reserved space in the RAID  65 . Various well-known security features may be built into repository unit  64  to maintain personal security of the backed-up data for each user. 
     It is also appreciated that repository unit  64  may be physically located somewhere other than on the rooftop of a building of MDUs. For instance, instead of being attached to, or nearby, a rooftop antenna assembly, repository unit  64  may be located in a top floor space, in a basement, or in a ground level facility. 
     It should be further understood that although the present invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, numerous modifications and alterations are well within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.