Abstract:
The nematic liquid crystal composition according to the present invention is used for, for example, producing a liquid crystal display element used in TN mode, OCB mode, ECB mode, IPS mode, or VA-IPS mode. The liquid crystal composition has a positive dielectric anisotropy and allows reductions in refractive-index anisotropy and nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature and an increase in the lower limit temperature of a nematic phase to be suppressed. As a result, the liquid crystal composition has a sufficiently low viscosity without deteriorating the temperature range of a nematic phase. The liquid crystal composition allows high-speed response and high display quality to be realized, suppresses faulty display, and is suitably used as a practical liquid crystal composition.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a nematic liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈) which can be suitably used as a material for electro-optical liquid crystal displays. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    Liquid crystal display elements have been used in clocks, electronic calculators, various measurement machines, panels for automobiles, word processors, electronic personal organizers, printers, computers, TVs, clocks, advertisement display boards, and the like. Representative examples of a liquid crystal display method include TN (twisted nematic) type, STN (super twisted nematic) type, vertical-alignment type using a TFT (thin-film transistor), and IPS (in-plane switching) type. It is desired that a liquid crystal composition used for producing these liquid crystal display elements be stable against external factors such as moisture, air, heat, and light; exhibit a liquid-crystal phase over as wide a temperature range as possible around room temperature; and have a low viscosity and a low drive voltage. The liquid crystal composition is composed of a few to several tens of types of compounds in order to optimize, for example, the dielectric anisotropy (Δ∈) and/or the refractive-index anisotropy (Δn) of the liquid crystal composition for each individual display element. 
         [0003]    While a liquid crystal composition having a negative Δ∈ is used for producing vertical-alignment-type displays, a liquid crystal composition having a positive Δ∈ is used for producing horizontal-alignment-type displays such as a TN-type display, a STN-type display, and an IPS-type display. There has been reported a drive mode in which a liquid crystal composition having a positive Δ∈ is vertically aligned while a voltage is not applied and display is performed by applying an in-plane electric field. Thus, there has been a growing demand for a liquid crystal composition having a positive Δ∈. On the other hand, there has been a demand for low-voltage driving, high-speed response, and a wide operating temperature range regardless of the drive mode. In other words, there has been a demand for a positive Δ∈ having a large absolute value, a low viscosity (η), and a high nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T ni ). In addition, on the basis of the configuration of the product of Δn and cell gap (d), Δn×d, it is necessary to control Δn of a liquid crystal composition to be within an appropriate range depending on the cell gap. Furthermore, in the case where liquid crystal display elements are used for producing TVs or the like, primary importance is attached to high-speed response, which leads to a demand for a liquid crystal composition having a low γ 1 . 
         [0004]    There have been disclosed liquid crystal compositions (PTLs 1 to 4) that include a compound represented by Formula (A-1) or (A-2) having a positive Δ∈. However, these liquid crystal compositions have not yet reached a point where a sufficiently low viscosity is achieved. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
       CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
       [0005]    PTL 1: WO96/032365 
         [0006]    PTL 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 09-157202 
         [0007]    PTL 3: WO98/023564 
         [0008]    PTL 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-183656 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
       [0009]    An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition having a sufficiently low viscosity (η) and a positive dielectric anisotropy (ΔΣ) without the refractive-index anisotropy (Δn) and nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (T ni ) of the liquid crystal composition being reduced or increased. 
       Solution to Problem 
       [0010]    The inventor of the present invention has studied various fluorobenzene derivatives and found that the above-described problems may be addressed using specific compounds in combination. Thus, the present invention has been made. 
         [0011]    The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy, the liquid crystal composition including one or more compounds selected from compounds represented by General Formula (LC0-1) and/or General Formula (LC0-2) and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by General Formulae (LC1) to (LC5). The present invention also provides a liquid crystal display element including the above-described liquid crystal composition. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0012]    (wherein R 01  to R 41  each independently represent an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 15, one or more —CH 2 — of the alkyl group may be substituted by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 — so that an oxygen atom is not directly adjacent to another oxygen atom, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group may be substituted by a halogen; R 51  and R 52  each independently represent an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 15, and one or more —CH 2 — of the alkyl group may be substituted by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, or —C≡C— so that an oxygen atom is not directly adjacent to another oxygen atom; A 01  to A 42  each independently represent any one of the following structures: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0013]    (where one or more —CH 2 — in the cyclohexane ring may be substituted by —O— so that an oxygen atom is not directly adjacent to another oxygen atom; one or more —CH═ in the benzene ring may be substituted by —N═ so that a nitrogen atom is not directly adjacent to another nitrogen atom; and X 61  and X 62  each independently represent —H, —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 ); A 51  to A 53  each independently represent any one of the following structures: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0014]    (where one or more —CH 2 CH 2 — in the cyclohexane ring may be substituted by —CH═CH—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 —; one or more —CH═ in the benzene ring may be substituted by —N═ so that a nitrogen atom is not directly adjacent to another nitrogen atom); X 01  to X 03  each represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; X 11  to X 43  each independently represent —H, —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 ; Y 01  to Y 41  each represent —Cl, —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 ; Z 01  and Z 02  each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—; Z 31  to Z 42  each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—; at least one of Z 31  and Z 32  is not a single bond; Z 51  and Z 52  each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—; m 01  to m 51  each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3; m 31 +m 32  and m 41 +m 42  are each independently 1, 2, 3, or 4; and, in the case where there are a plurality of A 01 &#39;s, A 02 &#39;s, A 03 &#39;s, A 23 &#39;s, A 31 &#39;s A 32 &#39;s, A 41 &#39;s, A 42 &#39;s, A 52 &#39;s, Z 01 &#39;s, Z 02 &#39;s, Z 31 &#39;s, Z 32 &#39;s, Z 41 &#39;s, Z 42 &#39;s and/or Z 52 &#39;s, they may be all identical or different and Z 41 &#39;s each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, or —(CH 2 ) 4 — when m 42  is 0). 
       Advantageous Effects of Invention 
       [0015]    The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention has a positive Δ∈ having a large absolute value. The liquid crystal composition has a low η, a low rotational viscosity (γ 1 ), and a good liquid-crystal property and exhibits a stable liquid-crystal phase over a wide temperature range. The liquid crystal composition is chemically stable to heat, light, water, and the like and has good solubility. Therefore, the liquid crystal composition is a practical, highly reliable liquid crystal composition that has good phase stability at low temperatures and allows low-voltage drive to be realized. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0016]    The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention includes one or more compounds selected from compounds represented by General Formula (LC0-1) and/or General Formula (LC0-2) described above and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by General Formulae (LC1) to (LC5). The liquid crystal composition is considered to be a practical liquid crystal composition since it exhibits a stable liquid-crystal phase even at low temperatures. 
         [0017]    In General Formulae (LC0-1) to (LC5), R 01  to R 41  each independently represent an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 15. One or more —CH 2 — of the alkyl group may be substituted by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, —C≡C—, —CF 2 O—, or —OCF 2 — so that an oxygen atom is not directly adjacent to another oxygen atom. One or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group may optionally be substituted by a halogen. R 01  to R 41  are preferably an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 8, an alkenyl group having a carbon number of 2 to 8, or an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 8 and are preferably straight chains. R 51  and R 52  each independently represent an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 15. One or more —CH 2 — of the alkyl group may be substituted by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO—, —COO—, or —C≡C— so that an oxygen atom is not directly adjacent to another oxygen atom. R 51  and R 52  are preferably an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 8, an alkenyl group having a carbon number of 2 to 8, or an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 1 to 8 and are preferably straight chains. A 01  to A 42  are preferably each independently a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, an 1,4-phenylene group, a 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, or a 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene group. A 51  to A 53  are preferably each independently a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, an 1,4-phenylene group, a 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group, or a 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene group. X 01  to X 03  are preferably each a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. X 11  to X 43  are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom. Y 01  to Y 41  are preferably each —F, —CF 3 , or —OCF 3 . 
         [0018]    Z 01  and Z 02  are preferably each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—. In the case where one of Z 01  and Z 02  represents —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—, the other preferably represents a single bond. It is further preferable that both Z 01  and Z 02  represent a single bond. Z 31  to Z 42  are preferably each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—. At least one of Z 31  and Z 32  is not a single bond. Z 41 &#39;s each independently represent a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, or —(CH 2 ) 4 -when m 42  is 0. Z 51  and Z 52  are preferably each independently a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —(CH 2 ) 4 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—, are further preferably each independently a single bond, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —OCF 2 —, or —CF 2 O—, and are particularly preferably each independently a single bond. It is preferable that m 01  and m 02  are each independently an integer of 0 to 2 and m 21  is an integer of 0 or 1. It is preferable that m 31  to m 42  are each independently an integer 2, or 3. It is preferable that m 51  is an integer of 1 or 2. In the case where there are a plurality of A 01 &#39;s, A 02 &#39;s, A 23 &#39;s A 31 &#39;s, A 32 &#39;s, A 41 &#39;s, A 42 &#39;s, A 52 &#39;s, Z 01 &#39;s, Z 01 &#39;s, Z 31 &#39;s, Z 32 &#39;s, Z 41 &#39;s, Z 42 &#39;s and/or Z 52 &#39;s, they may be all identical or different. 
         [0019]    It is more preferable that the liquid crystal compound represented by General Formula (LC0-1) or General Formula (LC0-2) is a compound represented by any one of General Formulae (LC0-1-1) to (LC0-2-4) below. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0020]    (in General Formulae (LC0-1-1) to (LC0-2-4), R 01 , X 01 , and Y 01  represent the same things as those described in Claim  1 , respectively) 
         [0021]    It is more preferable that the compound represented by General Formula (LC1) is a compound represented by any one of General Formulae (LC1-1) to (LC1-4) below. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0022]    (in General Formulae (LC1-1) to (LC1-4), R 11 , X 11 , X 12 , and Y 11  represent the same things as those described in Claim  1 , respectively) 
         [0023]    It is more preferable that the compound represented by General Formula (LC2) is a compound represented any one of General Formulae (LC2-1) to (LC2-8) below. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0024]    (in General Formulae (LC2-1) to (LC2-8), X 23 , X 24 , X 25 , and X 26  each independently represent a hydrogen atom, Cl, F, CF 3 , or OCF 3 ; X 22 , R 21 , and Y 21  represent the same things as those described in Claim  1 , respectively) 
         [0025]    It is preferable that the compound represented by General Formula (LC3) is a compound represented by any one of General Formulae (LC3-1) to (LC3-121) below. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0026]    (in General Formulae (LC3-1) to (LC3-121), X 33 , X 34 , X 35 , X 36 , X 37 , and X 38  each independently represent H, Cl, F, CF 3 , or OCF 3 ; X 32 , R 31 , A 31 , Y 31 , and Z 31  represent the same things as those described in Claim  1 , respectively; R represents R 31 ; F, CF 3 , OCF 3  represents any one of F, CF 3 , and OCF 3 ; and (F) represents any one of H and F) 
         [0027]    It is preferable that the compound represented by General Formula (LC4) is a compound represented by any one of General Formulae (LC4-1) to (LC4-12) below. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0028]    (in General Formulae (LC4-1) to (LC4-12), X 44 , X 46 , X 47 , X 71 , and X 72  each independently represent H, Cl, F, CF 3 , or OCF 3 ; and X 42 , X 43 , R 41 , and Y 41  represent the same things as those described in Claim  1 , respectively) 
         [0029]    It is preferable that the compound represented by General Formula (LC5) is a compound represented by any one of General Formulae (LC5-1) to (LC5-14) below. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0030]    (in General Formulae (LC5-1) to (LC5-14), R 51  and R 52  represent the same things as those described in Claim  1 , respectively) 
         [0031]    The content of the compounds represented by General Formula (LC0-1) and/or General Formula (LC0-2) in the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention is preferably 5% to 50% by mass and is further preferably 10% to 40% by mass. The content of the compounds represented by General Formula (LC-1), the content of the compounds represented by General Formula (LC-2), the content of the compounds represented by General Formula (LC-3), and the content of the compounds represented by General Formula (LC-4) in the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention are preferably each independently 10&amp; to 60&amp; by mass and are further preferably each independently 10% to 40% by mass. The content of the compounds represented by General Formula (LC-5) in the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention is preferably 10 to 90 by mass and is further preferably 15% to 70% by mass. 
         [0032]    Optionally, the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention may include a polymerizable compound in order to prepare, for example, a polymer-stabilized (PS)-mode liquid crystal display element. An example of the polymerizable compound that can be used is a photopolymerizable monomer that undergoes polymerization when irradiated with an energy beam such as light. For example, a polymerizable compound having a liquid-crystal skeleton including a plurality of six-membered rings bonded to one another, such as a biphenyl derivative and a terphenyl derivative, may be used. Specifically, the polymerizable compound is preferably a polymerizable compound represented by General Formula (PC1). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0033]    (in General Formula (PC1), P 1  represents a polymerizable functional group; Sp 1  represents a spacer group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms; Q 1  represents a single bond, —O—, —NH—, —NHCOO—, —OCONH—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —OOCO—, —CH═CH—, —CH═CH—OCO—, —OCO—CH═CH—, or —C≡C—; n 1  and n 2  are each independently 1, 2, or 3; MG represents a mesogenic group or a mesogenic supporting group; and R 3  represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms and one or more CH 2  groups of the alkyl group may be substituted by —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N(CH 2 )—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —SCO—, —COS—, or —C≡C— so that an O atom is not directly adjacent to another O atom, or R 3  represents P 2 -Sp 2 -Q 2 - (where P 2 , Sp 2 , Q 2  independently represent the same things as P 1 , Sp 1 , and Q 1 , respectively)) 
         [0034]    It is more preferable that MG in the polymerizable compound represented by General Formula (PC1) is a polymerizable compound represented by the following structure: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0035]    (in this formula, C 1  to C 3  each independently represent an 1,4-phenylene group, an 1,4-cyclohexylene group, an 1,4-cyclohexenyl group, a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, an 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, a tetrahydrothiopyran-2,5-diyl group, an 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene group, a decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, a pyrazine-2,5-diyl group, an 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, a 2,6-naphthylene group, a phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, a 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, an 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, or a fluorene-2,7-diyl group; the 1,4-phenylene group, the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, the 2,6-naphthylene group, the phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, the 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, the 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, and the fluorene-2,7-diyl group may optionally have, as substituents, one or more F, Cl, CF 3 , OCF 3 , a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkanoyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkanoyloxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenoyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkenoyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms; Y 1  and Y 2  each independently represent —COO—, —OCO—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH═CHCOO—, —OCOCH═CH—, —CH 2 CH 2 COO—, —CH 2 CH 2 OCO—, —COOCH 2 CH 2 —, —OCOCH 2 CH 2 —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, or a single bond; and n 5  is 0, 1, or 2). 
         [0036]    It is more preferable that Sp 1  and Sp 2  each independently represent an alkylene group. The alkylene group may optionally be substituted by one or more halogen atoms or CN. One or more CH 2  groups in the alkylene group may optionally be substituted by —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N(CH 3 )—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —SCO—, —COS—, or —C≡C— so that an O atom is not directly adjacent to another O atom. 
         [0037]    It is more preferable that P1 and P2 are each independently represented by any one of General Formulae (PC1-a) to (PC1-d) below. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0038]    (in General Formulae (PC1-a) to (PC1-d), R 61  to R 63 , R 71  to R 73 , and R 81  to R 83  each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms) 
         [0039]    Specifically, the polymerizable compound represented by General Formula (PC1) is preferably a polymerizable compound represented by General Formula (PC1)-1 or General Formula (PC1)-2. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0040]    (in General Formulae (PC1)-1 and (PC1)-2, P 1 , Sp 1 , Q 1 , P 2 , Sp 2 , Q 2 , and MG represent the same things as those shown in General Formula (PC1), respectively; and n 3  and n 4  are each independently 1, 2, or 3) 
         [0041]    More specifically, the polymerizable compound represented by General Formula (PC1) is more preferably a polymerizable compound represented by any one of General Formulae (PC1)-3 to (PC1)-8. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0042]    (in General Formulae (PC1)-3 to (PC1)-8, W 1 &#39;s each independently represent F, CF 3 , OCF 3 , CH 3 , OCH 3 , an alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, COOW 2 , OCOW 2 , or OCOOW 2 . (where W 2  represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; and n 3 , n 4 , and n 6  are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4) 
         [0043]    It is preferable that Sp 1 , Sp 2 , Q 1 , and Q 2  in General Formulae (PC1)-3 to (PC1)-8 are all single bonds; n 3 +n 4  is 3 to 6; P 1  and P 2  are represented by General Formula (PC1-c); W 1  is F, CF 3 , OCF 3 , CH 3 , or OCH 3 ; and n 6  is 1 or more. 
         [0044]    It is also preferable that MG in General Formula (PC1) is a disc-shaped liquid crystal compound represented by General Formula (PC1)-9. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0045]    (in General Formula (PC1)-9, R 7 &#39;s each independently represent P 1 —Sp 1 -Q 1  or a substituent represented by General Formula (PC1-e). 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0046]    (where P 1 , Sp 1 , and Q 1  represent the same things as those described in General Formula (PC1), respectively; R 91  and R 92  each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a methyl group; and R 93  represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkoxy group may be substituted by a substituent represented by any one of General Formulae (PC1-a) to (PC1-d) above) 
         [0047]    The amount of polymerizable compound to be used is preferably 0.1% to 2.0% by mass. 
         [0048]    The liquid crystal composition according to the present invention may include one or more types of antioxidants and one or more types of UV absorbers in order to enhance the stability of the liquid crystal composition. 
         [0049]    A liquid crystal display element including the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention advantageously realizes both high-speed response and suppression of faulty display. The liquid crystal display element may be advantageously used, in particular, as a liquid crystal display element for active-matrix driving and may be used as a liquid crystal display element for TN mode, OCB mode, IPS mode, FFS mode, or VA-IPS mode. 
         [0050]    A polymer-stabilized (PS)-mode liquid crystal display element may be prepared using the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention that includes the above-described polymerizable compound. Specifically, the polymer-stabilized (PS)-mode liquid crystal display element may be prepared by holding a liquid crystal composition including a polymerizable compound between two substrates and polymerizing the polymerizable compound included in the liquid crystal composition by using energy such as ultraviolet radiation under application of a voltage or without application of a voltage. In the liquid crystal display element, the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules can be retained by polymerization of the polymerizable compound, which enhances the stability of the alignment state. This may also improve response speed. 
       EXAMPLES 
       [0051]    The present invention is described below further in detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the examples. Note that, when referring to compositions in Examples and Comparative Examples, “%” always denotes “% by mass”. 
         [0052]    The physical properties of a liquid crystal composition are represented as follows: 
         [0053]    T N-I : Nematic phase-isotropic liquid phase transition temperature (° C.) 
         [0054]    T-n: Lower limit temperature of nematic phase (° C.) 
         [0055]    Σ⊥: Dielectric constant in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of molecules at 25° C. 
         [0056]    Δ∈: Dielectric anisotropy at 25° C. 
         [0057]    n0: Refractive index for ordinary light at 25° C. 
         [0058]    Δn: Refractive-index anisotropy at 25° C. 
         [0059]    Vth: Voltage (V) applied to a cell having a thickness of 6 μm when transmittance is changed by 10% due to application of a rectangular wave having a frequency 1 KHz at 25° C. 
         [0060]    η 20 : Bulk viscosity at 20° C. (mPa·s) 
         [0061]    γ 1 : Rotational viscosity (mPa·s) 
         [0062]    The following abbreviations are used to describe compounds. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 n (numeral) at the end 
                 C n H 2n+1 — 
               
               
                   
                 -2- 
                 —CH 2 CH 2 — 
               
               
                   
                 —1O— 
                 —CH 2 O— 
               
               
                   
                 —O1— 
                 —OCH 2 — 
               
               
                   
                 —V— 
                 —CO— 
               
               
                   
                 —VO— 
                 —COO— 
               
               
                   
                 —CFFO— 
                 —CF 2 O— 
               
               
                   
                 —F 
                 —F 
               
               
                   
                 —Cl 
                 —Cl 
               
               
                   
                 —CN 
                 —C≡N 
               
               
                   
                 —OCFFF 
                 —OCF 3   
               
               
                   
                 —CFFF 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 —OCFF 
                 —OCHF 2   
               
               
                   
                 —On 
                 —OC n H 2n+1   
               
               
                   
                 -T- 
                 —C≡C— 
               
               
                   
                 ndm- 
                 C n H 2n+1 —HC═CH—(CH 2 ) m−1 — 
               
               
                   
                 -ndm 
                 —(CH 2 ) n−1 —HC═CH—C m H 2m+1   
               
               
                   
                 ndmO— 
                 C n H 2n+1 —HC═CH—(CH 2 ) m−1 —O— 
               
               
                   
                 —Ondm 
                 —O—(CH 2 ) n−1 —HC═CH—C m H 2m+1   
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
       Example 1 
       [0063]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d0 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph—CFFO—Np3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph1—Ph1—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 88.6 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −33 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.45 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 85 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 3.2 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 9.0 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.498 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.132 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 17.5 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Comparative Example 1 
       [0064]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d0 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Np3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph1—Ph1—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—1O—Ph—Np3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 90.1 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −30 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.53 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 98 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 3.0 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 8.0 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.500 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.138 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 20.6 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0065]    This liquid crystal composition is a liquid crystal composition that does not include the compound represented by General Formula (LC0-1) or General Formula (LC0-2) according to the present invention. The prepared liquid crystal composition in Example 1 had a far lower viscosity than that prepared in Comparative Example 1 and had a low γ 1 , which proves the superiority of the combination according to the present invention. 
       Example 2 
       [0066]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3d0 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Ph—O4 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 5-Ph—Ph-1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Ph—Ph-3d0 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Np3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph—CFFO—Np3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 76 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −34 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.91 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 63 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 2.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 5.8 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.492 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.114 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 11.8 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 3 
       [0067]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d0 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 80.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 34 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.36 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 86 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 3.5 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 8.6 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.496 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.125 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 17.9 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 4 
       [0068]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 5-Ph—Ph-1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d0 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph—CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph1—Ph1—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 82.5 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −35 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.31 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 91 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 3.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 9.8 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.499 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.137 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 19.9 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 5 
       [0069]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d0 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph—CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 81.6 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −34 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.44 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 80 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 3.2 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 9.0 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.491 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.113 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 16.0 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 6 
       [0070]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d0 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph—CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 78.9 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −36 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.29 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 82 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 4.4 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 10.8 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.495 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.119 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 16.6 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 7 
       [0071]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph—CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1-Cy-Ph3—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 78.4 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −34 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.26 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 86 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 4.2 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.2 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.490 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.112 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 17.6 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 8 
       [0072]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 10 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-2 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Ph—Ph1—Ph-3d1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 71.3 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −35 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.47 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 73 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 3.2 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 8.8 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.402 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.115 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 13.9 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 9 
       [0073]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 11 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Ph—Ph1—Ph-5 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph—CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Ph—Ph—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 75.5 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −34 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.53 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 73 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 3.1 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 7.9 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.430 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.104 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 13.8 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 10 
       [0074]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 12 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Ph—Ph1—Ph-5 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph—CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy—Ph3—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Ph—Ph—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 73.1 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −33 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.35 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 78 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 3.6 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 9.6 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.401 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.112 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 15.7 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 11 
       [0075]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 13 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph—Ph3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-Ph3—OCFFF 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph—OCFFF 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 74.5 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −32 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.26 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 89 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 4.4 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.8 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.496 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.123 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 18.5 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 12 
       [0076]    The prepared liquid crystal composition and the physical properties of the liquid crystal composition are shown below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 14 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-2 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 1d1-Cy-Cy-3 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d1-Cy-Cy-1d1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Cy-Cy-Ph-1 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 2-Ph—Ph1—Ph-5 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Cy-CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph—CFFO—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph3—O1—Ph—Np3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 0d3-Ph—Ph—Ph3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Ph—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 5.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—O1—Ph3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 3-Cy-Ph1—Ph3—CFFO—Ph3—F 
                 10.0% 
               
               
                   
                 Tni 
                 74.5 
               
               
                   
                 T-n 
                 −32 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Vth 
                 1.26 
                 V 
               
               
                   
                 γ 1   
                 89 
                 mPa · s 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 ε⊥ 
                 4.4 
               
               
                   
                 Δε 
                 11.8 
               
               
                   
                 no 
                 1.496 
               
               
                   
                 Δn 
                 0.123 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 η 20 
                 18.5 
                 mPa · s 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0077]    As described above, the liquid crystal compositions prepared in Examples 2 to 12 had a low viscosity and a low γ 1 , which proves the superiority of the combination according to the present invention. 
       Example 13 
       [0078]    A first substrate including a pair of transparent electrodes having a comb-like electrode structure formed thereon and a second substrate that did not include an electrode structure were prepared. A vertical alignment film was formed on each substrate. Then, a blank cell for IPS including the first substrate and the second substrate that were disposed at a gap interval of 4.0 microns was prepared. The liquid crystal composition prepared in Example 9 was injected into the blank cell. Thus, a liquid crystal display element was prepared. The electro-optical properties of the display element were measured. The voltage applied in order to change transmittance by 10% was 1.53 v. The speed of response to application of 5 v was 5.2 milliseconds. The speed of response to the switching-off of voltage was 13.4 seconds. 
         [0079]    To 99% of the liquid crystal composition prepared in Example 3, 1% of the polymerizable compound represented by Formula (PC-1)-3-1 was added and dissolved uniformly to prepare a polymerizable liquid crystal composition CLC-A. 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0080]    There were substantially no difference in physical properties between CLC-A and the liquid crystal composition prepared in Example 3. 
         [0081]    CLC-A was held by the blank cell for IPS described above, and subsequently the liquid crystal cell was irradiated with ultraviolet radiation using a high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp with a filter that blocks ultraviolet radiation of 300 nm or less, which was interposed between the liquid crystal cell and the high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp, while a rectangular wave of 1.8 V was applied to the liquid crystal cell at a frequency of 1 KHz. The irradiation was performed for 600 seconds so that the irradiation intensity on the cell surface was 20 mW/cm 2  to polymerize the polymerizable compound included in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. Thus, a vertical-alignment liquid crystal display element was prepared. The electro-optical properties of the display element were measured. The voltage applied in order to change transmittance by 10% was 1.61 v. The speed of response to application of 5 v was 5.2 milliseconds. The speed of response to the switching-off of voltage was 5.2 milliseconds, which was far faster than that of the above-described liquid crystal display element prepared using only the liquid crystal composition prepared in Example 9.