Abstract:
An electronic endoscope includes a video-scope with an image sensor and a video-processor, to which the video-scope is detachably connected. The electronic endoscope has a light source that emits illuminating light for illuminating a subject, a color adjuster that performs a color adjustment process for color image signals read from the image sensor, which include a plurality of color signal components corresponding to a plurality of color elements, and a light source detector that detects the type of the light source. The color adjuster performs the color adjustment process in accordance with the type of the light source such that color in displayed subject image is properly reproduced.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to an electronic endoscope for observing an internal organ, especially, it relates to a color-adjustment process for image signals read from an image sensor.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    A lamp for illuminating a subject is provided in an electronic endoscope. Light emitted from the lamp passes through a fiber-optic bundle provided in a video-scope, and is directed to the distal end of the video-scope. The light emitted from the distal end of the video-scope is reflected on a subject, thus a subject image is formed on an image sensor (for example, CCD (Charge-Coupled Device)) provided at the distal end of the video-scope.  
           [0005]    Generally, to display a color subject image on a monitor, an R, G, B sequential system using a rotating color filter or an on-chip color filter method using an on-chip color filter is used in the imaging process. Thus, image signals corresponding to the primary colors (R, G, B) or image signals corresponding to the complementary colors are generated and then read from the image sensor. A color adjustment process including a white balance adjustment, and so on, is performed to the read image signals, so that the subject image is reproduced on the monitor with proper color.  
           [0006]    For the lamp, generally, a xenon lamp, a metal halide lamp, or a halogen lamp is used, and each lamp has a particular spectrum distribution. For example, light emitted from the halogen lamp includes a lot of light-components with wavelength corresponding to the color yellow. Consequently, the light with a color close to yellow color is emitted. On the other hand, the xenon lamp emits light close to daylight. Accordingly, color signal components in the image signals vary with different spectrum distributions, in other words, the difference of the type of lamp. To adjust the color balance of the subject image displayed on a monitor, a color adjustment process is performed in accordance with the spectrum distribution.  
           [0007]    However, when a signal processing circuit is manufactured in accordance with a particular lamp, the lamp cannot be exchanged for an other type of lamp without modifying the signal processing circuit. When using other types of lamps, an improper color adjustment process is performed, so that color in the subject image cannot be properly reproduced. Accordingly, an electronic endoscope should be designed and manufactured for each type of lamp.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic endoscope that is capable of adjusting a color adjustment process in accordance with the type of lamp.  
           [0009]    An electronic endoscope of the present invention includes a video-scope with an image sensor and a video-processor. The video-scope is detachably connected to the video-processor. The electronic endoscope has a light source, a color adjuster, and a light source detector. The light source emits illuminating light for illuminating a subject, thus a subject image is formed on the image sensor. To display a color subject image on a monitor, for example, a color filter is provided between the light source and the image sensor. The color filter has a plurality of color elements (for example, primary color elements, or complementary color elements) to generate color image signals including a plurality of color signal components, which correspond to the plurality of color elements. The color image signals, generated in the image sensor, are read, and the color adjuster performs a color adjustment process on the color image signals to generate video signals. In accordance with the video signals, the color image is displayed on the monitor.  
           [0010]    For the light source, for example, an electronic discharge lamp (gas lamp), such as a xenon lamp, a metal halide lamp, or a halogen lamp, and so on, is applied. Each lamp has a particular spectrum distribution. The light source detector detects the type of the light source, and then the color adjuster performs the color adjustment process in accordance with the type of the light source such that color in displayed subject image is properly reproduced. As the color adjustment process is performed in accordance with the type of light source, proper color is always reproduced in the displayed subject image for any type of light source, without modifying the signal circuit.  
           [0011]    Preferably, the color adjuster is provided in the video-scope. In this case, a common video-scope can be used for a plurality of video-processors, each of which has different light source.  
           [0012]    In the color adjustment process, at least a white balance process is performed. Namely, the color adjuster includes a white balance adjuster that uses gain control to adjust the relative ratio of R, G, and B signal components generated from the color image signals. In this case, the color adjustment process is performed in accordance with the gain data. Therefore, preferably, the video-scope includes a color-adjustment-data memory for storing a series of color adjustment data corresponding to plural types of light sources. The set of color adjustment data corresponding to the type of the light source is selected from the series of color adjustment data and is read from the color-adjustment-data memory. The color adjuster performs the color adjustment process in accordance with the set of color adjustment data.  
           [0013]    For example, when the light source is provided in the video-processor, the color adjuster has a memory area for loading and storing the set of color adjustment data, and the video-processor has a light source memory for storing light source data. Further, the video-scope includes a data setter that sets the set of color adjustment data, namely, stores the set of color adjustment data in the memory area. The light source detector detects the type of the light source in accordance with the light source data and the data setter sets the set of color adjustment data corresponding to the light source data when the video-scope is connected to the video-processor.  
           [0014]    In addition to the white balance adjustment, the color adjuster has, for example, a primary color signal generator, a gamma corrector, and a video signal generator. The primary color signal generator generates primary color image signals composed of R signal components corresponding to the color Red, G signal components corresponding to the color Green, and B signal components corresponding to the color Blue, on the basis of the color image signals read from the image sensor. The gamma corrector performs a gamma correction for the white balance adjusted primary color image signals. The video signal generator generates the video signals including luminance signals and color difference signals on the basis of the gamma corrected primary color image signals.  
           [0015]    A video-scope of the present invention is provided in an electronic endoscope having a light source for illuminating a subject. The video-scope has an image sensor and is detachably connected to the video-processor. The video-scope has a color adjuster that performs a color adjustment process for color image signals read from the image sensor, and a light source detector that detects the type of the light source. The color image signals include a plurality of color signal components corresponding to a plurality of color elements, video signals being generated on the basis of the color image signals. The color adjuster performs the color adjustment process in accordance with the type of the light source such that color in displayed subject image is properly reproduced. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]    The present invention will be better understood from the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention set fourth below together with the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic endoscope according to an embodiment.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 2 is a view showing an initial signal processing circuit in detail.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 3 is a view showing a table associated with color adjustment data stored in an EEPROM.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 4 is a view showing a flowchart of the data transmission process, which is performed at a system control circuit in the video-processor.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 5 is a view showing a flowchart of a data setting process performed at a scope-controller in the video-scope. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0022]    Hereinafter, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the attached drawings.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic endoscope according to an embodiment.  
         [0024]    In the electronic endoscope, a video-scope  50  with an image sensor CCD (Charge-Coupled Device)  54 , and a video-processor  10  that processes signals fed from the video-scope  50  is provided. A keyboard  34  and a monitor  32  for displaying a subject image are connected to the video-processor  10 , and the video-scope  50  is detachably connected to the video-processor  10 .  
         [0025]    In the video-processor  10 , a lamp  12  for illuminating a subject S is provided as a light source. When a lamp switch provided on the video-processor  10  (not shown) is turned ON, electric power is supplied from the lamp power source  11  including a lamp controller  11 A to a lamp  12 . Thus, the lamp  12  is turned ON. Light emitted from the lamp  12  is directed toward an incident surface  51 A of a fiber-optic bundle  51  via a condenser lens  14 . The fiber-optic bundle  51 , provided through the video-scope  50 , further directs the light to the distal end of the video-scope  50 , the light passing through the fiber-optic bundle  51  exits from an end surface  51 B of the fiber-optic bundle  51 , and is emitted toward the subject S via a diffusion lens  52 , so that the subject S is illuminated. In this embodiment, the lamp  12  is one of a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, and a metal halide lamp.  
         [0026]    The light reflected on the subject S passes through the objective lens  53  and reaches the CCD  54 , so that the subject image S is formed on the light-receiving area of the CCD  54 . For the color imaging process, in this embodiment, an on-chip color filter method using an on-chip color filter is applied. On a photo-sensor area of the CCD  54 , a color filter  59 , checkered by four color elements of Yellow (Y), Magenta (Mg), Cyan (Cy) and Green (G), is arranged such that four color elements are opposite the pixels arranged in the light-receiving area. In the CCD  54 , color image signals, corresponding to light passing through the color filter  59 , are generated by the photoelectric transform effect. The generated color image signals are composed of plural color signal components. Then, one field worth of image signals is read from the CCD  54  at regular time intervals in accordance with the so called “color difference line sequential system”. In this embodiment, the NTSC standard is used as the color TV standard, accordingly, one field worth of image signals is read from the CCD  54  at {fraction (1/60)} seconds time intervals, and then fed to an initial signal processing circuit  55 .  
         [0027]    In the initial signal processing circuit  55 , as described below, various processes are performed for the image signals, so that video signals including luminance signals and color difference signals are generated. Further, a CCD driver (not shown) for driving the CCD  54  is provided in the initial signal processing circuit  55 , driving signals fed to the CCD  54 . The generated luminance signals and the color difference signals are fed to a latter signal processing circuit  28  and the luminance signals are further fed to a light-control circuit  23 . Synchronizing signals are fed from the initial signal processing circuit  55  to the light-control circuit  23  in accordance with the output-timing of the luminance signals. In the latter signal processing circuit  28 , a given process is performed for the input video signals, and the processed video signals are output to the monitor  32  as NTSC composite signals, S-video signals, and R, G, B component signals. Thus, the subject image is displayed on the monitor  32 .  
         [0028]    A system control circuit  22  including a CPU  24  (Central Processing Unit) controls the video-processor  10  and outputs control signals to the light-control circuit  23 , the lamp controller  11 A, the latter signal processing circuit  28 , and soon. In a timing control circuit  30 , clock pulses are output to each circuit in the video-processor  10 , and synchronizing signals to be interleaved in the video signals are fed to the latter signal processing circuit  28 . In a ROM (Read Only Memory)  25 , lamp data associated with three types of lamp, halogen lamps, metal halide lamps and xenon lamps, is stored in advance.  
         [0029]    A stop  16  is provided between the incident surface  51 A and the condenser lens  14  to adjust an amount of light illuminating the subject S, and it opens and closes by using a motor  18 . The light-control circuit  23  is constructed of a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), and controls the stop  16  such that the brightness of the subject image on the monitor  32  is maintained at a proper brightness. The light-control circuit  23  outputs control signals to a motor-driver  20  in accordance with the input luminance signals, and then the motor  18  is driven by the motor driver  20 , so that the stop  16  opens or closes by a given amount.  
         [0030]    In this embodiment, a scope-controller  56 , which controls the video-scope  50 , and an EEPROM (Electronic Erasable Programmable ROM)  57  are provided in the video-scope  50 . In the EEPROM  57 , in addition to data associated with the characteristics of the video-scope  50  (for example, pixel number), color adjustment data associated with the color adjustment process are stored.  
         [0031]    The scope controller  56  controls the initial signal processing circuit  55  having a register  55 A and accesses the data in the EEPROM  57 . When the video-scope  50  is connected to the video-processor  10 , various data is transmitted between the scope-controller  56  and the system control circuit  22 . Namely, the data associated with the characteristics of the video-scope  50  is fed to the system control circuit  22 , whereas the lamp data associated with the kind of the lamp  12  is fed to the scope-controller  56 . Then, specific data corresponding to the lamp data is read from the EEPROM  57 , and written in the register  55 A. The initial signal processing circuit  55  processes the image signals in accordance with the written data.  
         [0032]    A setting switch (not shown) for setting a base luminance level is provided on the front panel  96  of the video-processor  10 . When the user operates the setting switch, an operational signal is fed to the system control circuit  22 . The base luminance level data is temporarily stored in a RAM (Random Access Memory)  26 , and is fed to the light-control circuit  23  when required. When the keyboard  34  is operated by the user to display character information, such as patient&#39;s information, the operational signal is fed to the system control circuit  22 . Character signals are generated on the basis of the operational signal and are superimposed into the video signals at the latter signal processing circuit  28 , so that the character information is displayed on the monitor  32  with the subject image.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 2 is a detailed view showing the initial signal processing circuit  55 . FIG. 3 is a view showing a table associated with color adjustment data stored in the EEPROM  57 .  
         [0034]    The image signals read from the CCD  54  are amplified at an amplifier (not shown) in the initial signal processing circuit  55  and are then fed to a signal separating circuit  60 . In the signal separating circuit  60 , the color image signals are separated into initial luminance signals Ya and initial chrominance signals C′, which are fed to an R, G, B matrix circuit  62 . As is well known, the initial luminance signals Ya(=2R+3G+2B) are signals corresponding to the luminance signals Y. On the other hand, the initial chrominance signals C′ includes initial color difference signals C′r(=2R−G) and C′b(=2B−G), which respectively correspond to color difference signals Cr(=R−Y) and color difference signals Cb(=B−Y).  
         [0035]    In the R, G, B matrix circuit  62 , primary color signals composed of “Red (R), Green (G), and Blue (B)” signal components are generated by following formula, on the basis of the initial luminance signals Ya and the initial chrominance signals C′. Note that, “α and β” indicates values of data “R MATX” and “B MTX” respectively, which are fed from the scope-controller  56 .  
           R=C′r+α×Ya   (1)  
           B=−C′b+β× ( Ya−C′r )  (2)  
           G=Ya−C′r+C′b   (3)  
         [0036]    The generated primary color signals “R, G, and B” are fed to a white balance circuit  64 .  
         [0037]    In the white balance circuit  64 , a gain control is performed for the R, and B signal components of the primary color signals (R, G, B), in accordance with R and B gain values. The R and B gain values are respectively defined as the value of initial gain data “R GAIN”, and the value of the initial gain data “B GAIN” at an initial setting of the electronic endoscope. The initial gain data “R GAIN and B GAIN”, which are included in the color-adjustment data, are read from the EEPROM  57  by the scope-controller  56  and are then fed to the white balance circuit  64 . On the other hand, while operating the electronic endoscope, the gain control is performed in accordance with gain data “R CONT and B CONT”. The gain data “R CONT and B CONT” are read from the EEPROM  57  by the scope-controller  56  and are fed to the white balance circuit  64 . Note that, the primary color signal “G” may be adjusted in accordance with a chrominance gain value, which is a value of gain data “C LEVEL” fed from the scope-controller  56 . The processed primary color signals are fed to a gamma correcting circuit  66 .  
         [0038]    In the gamma correcting circuit  66 , a gamma correction is performed for the primary color signals. The gamma characteristic curve depends upon a value of gamma characteristic data “C-γCON”. The corrected signals are fed to a color matrix circuit  68 . In the color matrix circuit  68 , luminance signals Y and color difference signals Cb(=B−Y) and Cr(=R−Y) are generated on the basis of the primary color signals. The color difference signals Cb and Cr, constructing chrominance signals, are subjected to a phase adjustment in accordance with phase control data “Cb HUE” and “Cr HUE” fed from the scope-controller  56 . Further, the output level of the color difference signals Cb and Cr are adjusted in accordance with the output level adjusting data “Cb GAIN and Cr GAIN” fed from the scope-controller  56 . The luminance signals Y and the color difference signals Cb and Cr are fed to the processor  10 .  
         [0039]    The data used in the color adjustment process, described above, is stored in the EEPROM  57  in advance, and is stored at a given addresses in the EEPROM  57 , as shown in FIG. 3. In this embodiment, color adjustment data are prepared for each of the three types of lamps  12 , which are composed of a set of color adjustment data for the xenon lamp “KD”, a set of color adjustment data for the metal halide lamp “MD”, and a set of color adjustment data for the halogen lamp “HD”. For example, when the lamp  12  in the processor  10  is a xenon lamp, the set of color adjustment data “KD” is read from the EEPROM  57  by the scope-controller  56 , and initial R, B gain data “R GAIN and B GAIN”, phase control data “Cb HUE” and so on are loaded to the register  55 A in the initial signal processing circuit  55 . Note that, the set of color adjustment data output from the scope-controller  56  is converted from analog data to digital data and is then fed to the initial signal processing circuit  55 .  
         [0040]    As each lamp has a particular spectrum characteristic, the value of data in a given set of color adjustment data is different from the value of corresponding data in another set of color adjustment data. For example, R initial gain data “R GAIN” and B initial gain data “B GAIN” in the set of color adjustment data “KD” for the xenon lamp, are substantially the same value, as light emitted from the xenon lamp is close to white-color light. On the other hand, as light emitted from the halogen lamp is close to yellow-color light, for the set of color adjustment data “HD” for the halogen lamp, the initial R gain data “R GAIN” is smaller than the initial B gain data “B GAIN”.  
         [0041]    With reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the data setting process with color adjustment data is explained. FIG. 4 is a view showing a flowchart of the data transmission process, which is performed at the system control circuit  22 . The process is performed as a subroutine of a main-routine (not shown). FIG. 5 is a view showing a flowchart of a data setting process performed at the scope-controller  56  in the video-scope  50 .  
         [0042]    In Step  101 , a detecting signal associated with connection of the video-scope  50  is fed to the system control circuit  22 . In Step  102 , it is determined whether the video-scope  50  is connected to the video-processor  10 . When it is determined that the video-scope  50  is not connected to the video-processor  10 , the process returns to Step  101 . On the other hand, when it is determined that the video-scope  50  is connected to the video-processor  10 , the process goes to Step  103 . In Step  103 , the preparation for a data communication with the video-scope  50  is performed. Then, in Step  104 , lamp data associated with the type of lamp  12  is fed from the system control circuit  22  to the scope-controller  56 . After Step  104  is performed, the process goes to Step  105 .  
         [0043]    In Step  105 , it is determined whether acknowledgment data, indicating that the video-scope  50  has received the lamp data, is fed from the scope-controller  56 . When it is determined that the acknowledgment data has not been fed from the scope-controller  56 , the process returns to Step  104 . On the other hand, when it is determined that the acknowledgment data has been fed from the scope-controller  56 , the process goes to Step  106  and communication with the video-scope  50  is terminated. After communication is terminated, the process returns to the main routine.  
         [0044]    The process shown in FIG. 5 is started when the video-scope  50  is connected to the video-processor  10 . In Step  201 , a process that requires the transmission of lamp data is performed. Then, in Step  202 , it is determined whether the lamp data can be received at the scope-controller  56 . When it is determined that the lamp data cannot be received, the process returns to Step  201 . On the other hand, when it is determined that the lamp data can be received, the process goes to Step  203 .  
         [0045]    In Step  203 , data is received at the scope-controller  56 . Then, in Step  204 , it is determined whether the data fed from the system control circuit  22  is proper, namely, whether data fed from the system control circuit  22  is the lamp data. When it is determined that the data fed from the system control circuit  22  is not proper, namely, other data has been fed to the scope-controller  56 , the process goes to Step  205 , wherein retransmission of the lamp data is required. On the other hand, when it is determined that the data fed from the system control circuit  22  is proper lamp data, the process goes to Step  206 .  
         [0046]    In Step  206 , the acknowledge data is fed to the system control circuit  22 . Then, in Step  207 , the type of the lamp  12  is determined in accordance with the received lamp data. In Step  208 , a set of color adjustment data corresponding to the received lamp data, is read from the EEPROM  57  and is fed to the initial signal processing circuit  55 . For example, if the lamp  12  is the xenon lamp, the color-adjustment data “KD” is read from the EEPROM  57 .  
         [0047]    In this way, in this embodiment, a series of color adjustment data composed of the data for a halogen lamp “HD”, a xenon lamp “KD”, and a metal halide lamp “MD”, is stored in the EEPROM  57  in the video-scope  50 . When the video-scope  50  is connected to the video-processor  10 , the lamp data is fed to the video-scope  50  and then the kind of lamp  12  is detected. The set of color adjustment data corresponding to the lamp data is read from the EEPROM  57  and is then fed to the initial signal processing circuit  55 . The initial signal processing circuit  55  performs the color adjustment process, which includes the signal separating process, the primary color signal generating process, the white balance process, the gamma correcting process, and the video signal generating process, for the image signals read from the CCD  54  in accordance with the set of color adjustment data fed from the EEPROM  57 .  
         [0048]    In this embodiment, the complementary filter is used at the CCD  54  and the color difference line sequential system is applied as a signal reading method, however, a primary color (R, G, B) filter and a Bayer method may be applied. In this case, the initial signal processing circuit  55  is constructed in accordance with the primary color (R, G, B) filter and the Bayer method.  
         [0049]    For the imaging process, an R, G, B sequential system using a rotating color filter may be used in place of the on-chip color filer method. Further, for the TV standard, other methods, such as a PAL method, may be applied in place of the NTSC method.  
         [0050]    For the lamp  12 , an LED may be applied in place of the gas lamp (electric discharge lamp). In this case, a set of color adjustment data corresponding to the spectrum distribution of the LED is prepared.  
         [0051]    For the series of color adjustment data, common data may be used. For example, a value of the gamma correcting data “C-γCON” may be set to the same value for each lamp.  
         [0052]    The color adjustment process may be performed in the video-processor  10 . Further, the video-processor  10  may be composed of a light source apparatus including the lamp  12  and a signal processing apparatus, which are prepared separately. In this case, when the light source apparatus is changed, the video-scope can be used directly without being changed.  
         [0053]    Finally, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is of preferred embodiments of the device, and that various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.  
         [0054]    The present disclosure relates to subject matters contained in Japanese Patent Application No.P2001-181249 (filed on Jun. 15, 2001) which is expressly incorporated herein, by reference, in its entirety.