Abstract:
The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of (4R,12aS)-7-methoxy-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1′,2′:4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-9-carboxylic acid by contacting a pyridinone carboxylic acid aldehyde with (3R)-3-amino-1-butanol.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the preparation of carbamoylpyridone derivatives and intermediates which are useful as HIV integrase inhibitors. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Compounds having HIV integrase inhibitory activity are described in WO 2006/116764 (corresponding to U.S. Ser. No. 11/919,386 assigned to Shionogi &amp; Co. Ltd.). The compounds are disclosed as polycyclic carbamoylpyridone deriviatives. Processes for making them are also disclosed. Among the examples of these compounds, the following polycyclic carbamoylpyridone derivatives are included: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     The processes disclosed for preparing these compounds are quite arduous, involving as many as 14 steps. It would therefore be an advance in the art to find ways of making these compounds with greater efficiency. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides an improved process for preparing the following compounds: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     In one aspect, the present invention is a method comprising contacting methyl 3-{[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]amino}-2-[(methyloxy)acetyl]-2-propenoate (formula I): 
                                
with an oxalate ester of formula II:
 
                                
in the presence of M +− OR, where R is alkyl, aryl, or benzyl; and M +  is an alkali metal cation; to form a pyridinone of formula III:
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     In a second aspect, the present invention method comprising selectively hydrolyzing a pyridinone of formula III: 
                                
where R is alkyl, aryl, or benzyl
 
with a selective hydrolyzing reagent to form a pyridinone carboxylic acid of formula IV where R is alkyl, aryl, or benzyl:
 
                                
with greater than 90% selectivity.
 
     In a third aspect, the present invention is a method comprising contacting a compound of formula VII: 
                                
with a magnesium or lithium cation and a nucleophilic anion to form a compound of formula VIII:
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     In a fourth aspect, the present invention is a compound selected from the group consisting of: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     In a fifth aspect, the present invention is a process comprising contacting a compound of formula IV where R is alkyl, aryl, or benzyl: 
                                
with acetic acid and a catalytic amount of a strong protic acid to form a pyridinone carboxylic acid aldehyde of formula V where R is alkyl, aryl, or benzyl:
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     The process of the present invention is useful for the preparation of compounds with HIV integrase inhibitory activity. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The following schematic illustrates a general process for the preparation of the compound of formula VIII, ((3S,11aR)—N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide). 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In the above schematic, 4-Methoxyacetoacetate is contacted with DMFDMA (N,N-dimethyl-1,1-bis(methyloxy)methanamnine) under conditions sufficient to form methyl 3-(dimethylamino)-2-[(methyloxy)acetyl]-2-propenoate. Reaction of this intermediate with aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal results in the formation of methyl 3-{[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]amino}-2-[(methyloxy)acetyl]-2-propenoate (I). 
     Compound I is then contacted with oxalate ester (II) in the presence of M +− OR to form pyridinone (III). Each R is C 1 -C 5 -alkyl, aryl, or benzyl; M +  is an alkali metal cation such as lithium, sodium, or potassium. Preferably, the alkali metal cation is lithium and the R group of the oxalate ester is the same as the R group from M +− OR. Preferably R is a C 1 -C 5 -alkyl, especially a C 1 -C 2 -alkyl. Particularly preferred oxalate esters are dimethyl ethanedioate and diethyl ethanedioate. Particularly preferred alkali metal alkoxides are lithium methoxide and ethoxide. Preferably, when the oxalate ester is dimethyl ethanedioate, the alkali metal alkoxide is lithium methoxide. Preferably, when the oxalate ester is diethyl ethanedioate, the alkali metal alkoxide is lithium ethoxide. 
     Pyridinone (III) is selectively hydrolyzed with LiOH to form pyridinone carboxylic acid (IV). Surprisingly, the methyl ester at the 5-position of pyridinone (III) is hydrolyzed with at least 90% selectivity over the ester at the 2-position. 
     Pyridinone carboxylic acid (IV) is contacted with acetic acid and a catalytic amount of a strong protic acid to form pyridinone carboxylic acid aldehyde (V). Examples of suitable strong protic acids include methanesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, toluene sulfonic acid, and hydrochloric acid. Aldehyde (V) is then contacted with (2S)-2-amino-1-propanol to form ((3S,11aR)-3-methyl-6-(methyloxy)-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxylic acid) (VI). 
     Compound VI is contacted with 2,4-difluorobenzylamine under coupling conditions to form (3S,11aR)—N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-6-(methyloxy)-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide VII). 
     Finally, compound VII is demethylated with a Lewis acid to form the product (3S,11aR)—N-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide (VIII). Examples of suitable Lewis acids include magnesium, lithium, and calcium salts, as well as boron trihalides and trialkylsilyl halides. Preferred Lewis acids are magnesium and lithium salts. Magnesium salts include salts such as magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, and magnesium sulfide. Lithium salts include salts such as lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, and lithium sulfide. Lithium bromide is preferred. 
     Alternatively, and in another aspect of the present invention, compound V can be contacted with (3R)-3-amino-1-butanol to form a compound of formula VIa: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Compound VIa can be reacted with 2,4-difluorobenzylamine under coupling conditions to form a compound of formula VIIa: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Compound VIIa can be demethylated with MgX n  or LiX n  (wherein X is a halide, e.g., Br, Cl, F, or I) to form the compound of VIIIa: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     EXAMPLES 
     The following example illustrates the process of the present invention. Solvents and reaction conditions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Starting materials are known in the art and are readily prepared or commercially available. Preferably, chemicals employed in the examples were obtained commercially (from Aldrich®, for example). 
     A. 1-[2,2-Bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-5-(methyloxy)-6-[(methyloxy)carbonyl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid 
     A mixture of methyl 4-methoxyacetoacetate (20 mL) and DMFDMA (24 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH (50 mL) and aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal (16.7 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature, concentrated, and then diluted with MeOH (113 mL). Dimethyl oxalate (45.66 g) was charged followed by portion-wise addition of LiH (2.15 g) while maintaining the reaction temperature below 25° C. The reaction content was heated to 40° C. for 14 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to −5° C. and LiOH (14.82 g) was added while maintaining the reaction temperature below 5° C. When addition was complete, the mixture was stirred for a further 2 h at 3-5° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with aqueous HCl (2 N, 367 mL), maintaining the reaction temperature below 5° C. When addition was complete, EtOAc (450 mL) was added and the mixture was warmed to 20° C. The reaction mixture was filtered and the aqueous layer discarded. Water (225 mL) was added and the organic layer was removed under reduced pressure. The product was collected by filtration and dried in a vacuum oven overnight at 50° C. The product was obtained as a solid. 
     B. (3S,11aR)-3-Methyl-6-(methyloxy)-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxylic acid 
     1-[2,2-bis(methyloxy)ethyl]-5-(methyloxy)-6-[(methyloxy)carbonyl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (22.54 g) was dissolved in 220 mL of CH 3 CN. HOAc (20 mL) and CH 3 SO 3 H (1.4 mL) were added at room temperature and the mixture was heated to 58-65° C. for 19.5 h. Alaninol (7.511 g) in CH 3 CN (15 mL) was added slowly and the resultant mixture was stirred at 64° C. for 18.5 h. The mixture was concentrated, and the residue was redissolved in CH 2 Cl 2  (170 mL). HCl (1 N, 170 mL) was added and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (170 mL×2) and the organic layers were combined and concentrated. MeOH (50 mL) was added and the resultant mixture was again concentrated. MeOH (80 mL) was added and the resultant mixture was heated at reflux for 4 h, gradually cooled to 20° C. and held at 20° C. for 15 h. The product was collected by filtration and dried under vacuum. 
     C. (3S,11aR)—N-[(2,4-Difluorophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-6-(methyloxy)-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide 
     (3S,11aR)-3-Methyl-6-(methyloxy)-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxylic acid (3.00 g) and 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) (2.15 g) were slurried in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) (30 mL). The mixture was heated to 80° C. for 1 h. The resulting solution was cooled to 20° C., then treated with 2,4-difluorobenzylamine (1.45 mL). After stirring for 1 h, the mixture was quenched with water (30 mL) and DME was removed under reduced pressure. The product was collected by filtration and dried in a vacuum oven overnight at 50° C. The product was obtained as a solid. 
     D. (3S,11aR)—N-[(2,4-Difluorophenyl)methyl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide 
     (3S,11aR)—N-[(2,4-Difluorophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-6-(methyloxy)-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide (193.1 mg) was dissolved in CH 3 CN (4 mL) and MgBr 2  (206.3 mg) was added. The mixture was heated to 50° C. for 2 h and quenched with HCl (0.2 N, 10 mL). The mixture was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2  and pH further adjusted to ˜1. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH 2 Cl 2  (10 mL×2). The combined organic layers were dried and concentrated to afford the product. 
     Alternatively, the demethylation can be carried out with LiBr: (3S,11aR)—N-[(2,4-Difluorophenyl)methyl]-3-methyl-6-(methyloxy)-5,7-dioxo-2,3,5,7,11,11a-hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrido[1,2-d]pyrazine-8-carboxamide (8.609 g) was dissolved in THF (90 mL) and LiBr (3.942 g) was added. The mixture was heated to reflux for 12 h and quenched with H 2 SO 4  (0.5 M, 94.467 g). The resultant suspension was stirred at 20° C. for 2 h and filtered. The solid product was re-slurried in water-THF (50 mL-50 mL) at 20° C. for 2 h. The product was collected by filtration, rinsed with water-THF (1-1, 30 mL), and dried under vacuum to afford the product.