Abstract:
Provided is an x-ray device capable of suppressing reduction in detection precision. The X-ray device irradiates x-rays on an object and detects X-rays that pass through the object. The X-ray device comprises: an X-ray source that emits X-rays; a stage that holds the object; a detection device that detects at least some of the x-rays that have been emitted from the X-ray source and have passed through the object; a chamber member that forms an internal space wherein the X-ray source, the stage, and the detection device are arranged; and a partitioning section that separates the internal space into a first space wherein the X-ray source is arranged and a second space wherein the detection device is arranged.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to an X-ray device, an X-ray irradiation method, and a structure manufacturing method. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    As devices nondestructively acquiring internal information of an object, for example, such an X-ray device as disclosed in the PATENT LITERATURE as recited below is known to irradiate the object with X-ray and detect an X-ray transmitted through that object. 
       CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
       [0003]    PATENT LITERATURE 1: United States Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0268869 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
       [0004]    In an X-ray device, when temperature changes, it is possible that, for example, some members of the X-ray device can undergo thermal distortion or thermal deformation. As a result, a decrease in detection accuracy is possible. 
         [0005]    An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus, an X-ray irradiation method and a structure manufacturing method which are capable of suppressing the decrease in detection accuracy. 
       Solution to the Problem 
       [0006]    According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an X-ray apparatus configured to irradiate an object with an X-ray and detect a transmission X-ray transmitted through the object, including: an X-ray source configured to irradiate the X-ray; a stage configured to retain the object; a detector configured to detect at least a part of the X-ray which is emitted from the X-ray source and has passed through the object; a chamber member defining an internal space in which the X-ray source, the stage and the detector are placed; and a partition configured to divide the internal space into a first space in which the X-ray source is placed and a second space in which the detector is placed. 
         [0007]    According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an X-ray apparatus configured to irradiate an object with an X-ray and detect a transmission X-ray transmitted through the object, including: an X-ray source configured to emit the X-ray; a stage configured to retain the object; a detector configured to detect at least a part of the X-ray which is emitted from the X-ray source and has passed through the object; and a measuring device configured to measure position of the stage, wherein the measuring device has a higher resolution in a first space spatially close to the X-ray source with respect to a radiation direction of the X-ray emitted from the X-ray source than in a second space spatially closer to the detector than the first space. 
         [0008]    According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an X-ray apparatus configured to irradiate an object with an X-ray and detect an transmission X-ray transmitted through the object, including: an X-ray source configured to emit the X-ray; a first stage being movable; a second stage being different from the first stage and movable while retaining the object; and a detector configured to detect at least a part of the X-ray which is emitted from the X-ray source and has passed through the object. 
         [0009]    According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a structure manufacturing method, including: a design step of creating design information with respect to a profile of a structure; a formation step of forming the structure based on the design information; a measuring step of measuring the profile of the formed structure by using the X-ray apparatus according to the first to third aspects of the invention; and an inspection step of comparing information of the profile obtained in the measuring step with the design information. 
         [0010]    According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an X-ray irradiation method including the steps of: irradiating a known-object with an X-ray from an X-ray source; irradiating the known-object with the X-ray from the X-ray source at a first temperature and detecting, with a detector, a transmission X-ray transmitted through the known object; and calculating relative positions between the X-ray source, the known object and the detector, in irradiating the known-object with the X-ray at the first temperature and detecting the transmission X-ray transmitted through the known object. 
       Advantageous Effects of Invention 
       [0011]    According to the above aspects of the present invention, it is possible to suppress the decrease in detection accuracy. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0012]      FIG. 1  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a first embodiment; 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  is a view showing an example of an X-ray source in accordance with the first embodiment; 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart for explaining an example of operation of the detection apparatus in accordance with the first embodiment; 
           [0015]      FIG. 4  is a view for explaining the example of operation of the detection apparatus in accordance with the first embodiment; 
           [0016]      FIG. 5  is another view for explaining the example of operation of the detection apparatus in accordance with the first embodiment; 
           [0017]      FIG. 6  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a second embodiment; 
           [0018]      FIG. 7  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a third embodiment; 
           [0019]      FIG. 8  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a fourth embodiment; 
           [0020]      FIG. 9  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a fifth embodiment; 
           [0021]      FIG. 10  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a sixth embodiment; 
           [0022]      FIG. 11  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a seventh embodiment; 
           [0023]      FIG. 12  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with an eighth embodiment; 
           [0024]      FIG. 13  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a ninth embodiment; 
           [0025]      FIG. 14  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a tenth embodiment; 
           [0026]      FIG. 15  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with an eleventh embodiment; 
           [0027]      FIG. 16  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a twelfth embodiment; 
           [0028]      FIG. 17  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a thirteenth embodiment; 
           [0029]      FIG. 18  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a fourteenth embodiment; 
           [0030]      FIG. 19  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a fifteenth embodiment; 
           [0031]      FIG. 20  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a sixteenth embodiment; 
           [0032]      FIG. 21  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus in accordance with a seventeenth embodiment; 
           [0033]      FIG. 22  is a view showing an example of another X-ray source; 
           [0034]      FIG. 23  is a block diagram of configuration of a structure manufacturing system; and 
           [0035]      FIG. 24  is a flowchart showing a processing flow according to the structure manufacturing system. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0036]    While a number of embodiments of the present invention will be explained hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. In the following explanations, an X-Y-Z orthogonal coordinate system is set up, and positional relations between respective parts are explained in reference to this X-Y-Z orthogonal coordinate system. A predetermined direction in a horizontal plane is defined as a Z-axis direction, a direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction in the horizontal plane is defined as an X-axis direction, and a direction orthogonal respectively to the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction (namely a vertical direction) is defined as a Y-axis direction. Further, the rotational (inclinational) directions about the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are defined as a θX direction, a θY direction and a θZ direction, respectively. 
       First Embodiment 
       [0037]    A first embodiment will be explained.  FIG. 1  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1  in accordance with the first embodiment. 
         [0038]    The detection apparatus  1  irradiates a measuring object S with an X-ray XL to detect a transmission X-ray transmitted through the measuring object S. The X-ray is, for example, an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of approximately 1 pm to 30 nm. The X-ray includes an ultrasoft X-ray with energy of approximately tens of electron volts (eV), a soft X-ray with energy of approximately 0.1 to 2 keV, an X-ray with energy of approximately 2 to 20 keV, and a hard X-ray with energy of approximately 20 to 50 keV. 
         [0039]    In the first embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  includes an X-ray device irradiating the measuring object S with the X-ray and detecting the X-ray having passed through the measuring object S. The detection apparatus  1  includes an X-ray CT inspection device configured to irradiate the measuring object S with the X-ray and detecting the X-ray having passed through the measuring object S so as to nondestructively acquire some internal information (the internal structure, for example) of the measuring object S. In the first embodiment, the measuring object S includes components for industrial use such as machine components, electronic components, and the like. The X-ray CT inspection device includes industrial X-ray CT inspection devices which irradiate the components for industrial use with the X-ray to inspect the components for industrial use. 
         [0040]    In  FIG. 1 , the detection apparatus  1  includes an X-ray source  2  emitting the X-ray XL, a movable stage device  3  retaining or holding the measuring object S, a detector  4  detecting at least part of the X-ray being emitted from the X-ray source  2  and having passed through the measuring object S retained or held by the stage device  3 , and a control device  5  controlling the operation of the whole detection apparatus  1 . 
         [0041]    Further, in the first embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  includes a chamber member  6  defining an internal space SP where the X-ray XL emitted from the X-ray source  2  proceeds. In the first embodiment, the X-ray source  2 , stage device  3 , and detector  4  are disposed or located in the internal space SP. 
         [0042]    In the first embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  includes a partitionment portion (a separator or a dividing portion)  100  dividing the internal space SP into a first space SP 1  in which the X-ray source  2  is arranged, and a second space SP 2  in which the detector  4  is arranged. At least part of the partitionment portion  100  is arranged in the internal space SP. The first space SP 1  and the second space SP 2  are partitioned by the partitionment portion  100 . In the first embodiment, the X-ray source  2  is arranged in the first space SP 1 . At least part of the stage device  3  and the detector  4  are arranged in the second space SP 2 . 
         [0043]    In the first embodiment, the partitionment portion  100  includes a partitionment member (a separator or a dividing member)  102  arranged in at least a partial portion between the X-ray source  2  and the detector  4 . In the first embodiment, the partitionment member  102  has a passage portion  101  through which the X-ray XL from the X-ray source  2  is passable. The X-ray XL emitted from the X-ray source  2  is supplied to the second space SP 2  via the passage portion  101 . 
         [0044]    In the first embodiment, the passage portion  101  includes an opening through which the X-ray XL emitted from the X-ray source  2  is passable. The opening is formed in at least part of the partitionment member  102 . Further, the passage portion  101  can otherwise be a transmission member through which the X-ray XL is transmittable. It is possible to use, for example, a beryllium thin film, carbon thin film or the like to form the transmission member. The partitionment member  102  can support the transmission member. 
         [0045]    Further, in the first embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  includes an adjusting system  360  adjusting temperature of the first space SP 1 . In the first embodiment, the adjusting system  360  is controlled by the control device  5 . In the first embodiment, the adjusting system  360  includes a supply port  7  supplying a temperature-controlled gas G to the first space SP 1 . The supply port  7  is arranged in the first space SP 1 . The supply port  7  faces with the first space SP 1 . In the first embodiment, the supply port  7  supplies the temperature-controlled gas G to at least part of the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0046]    In the first embodiment, the chamber member  6  is arranged over a support surface FR. The support surface FR includes a floor surface in a factory or the like. The chamber member  6  is supported by a plurality of support members  6 S. The chamber member  6  is arranged over the support surface FR via the support members  6 S. In the first embodiment, the support members  6 S separate the lower surface of the chamber member  6  from the support surface FR. That is, an interspace is formed between the lower surface of the chamber member  6  and the support surface FR. Further, it is also possible for at least part of the lower surface of the chamber member  6  to contact with the support surface FR. 
         [0047]    In the first embodiment, the chamber member  6  contains lead. The chamber member  6  suppresses or prevents the X-ray XL in the internal space SP from leaking out into an external space RP of the chamber member  6 . 
         [0048]    In the first embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  has a member  6 D which is fitted on the chamber member  6  and has a lower thermal conductivity than the chamber member  6 . In the first embodiment, the member  6 D is arranged on the external surface of the chamber member  6 . The member  6 D suppresses or prevents the temperature of the internal space SP from being affected by the temperature (temperature change) of the external space RP. That is, the member  6 D functions as a thermal insulation member suppressing any heat in the external space RP from transferring into the internal space SP. The member  6 D contains plastic, for example. In the first embodiment, the member  6 D contains foamed polystyrene, for example. 
         [0049]    The X-ray source  2  irradiates the measuring object S with the X-ray XL. In the first embodiment, the X-ray source  2  is exactly a so-called X-ray source. The X-ray source  2  is capable of adjusting the intensity of the X-ray irradiating the measuring object S, based on the X-ray absorption characteristic of the measuring object S. The X-ray source  2  has an emission portion  8  emitting the X-ray XL. The X-ray source  2  constitutes a point X-ray source. In the first embodiment, the emission portion  8  includes the point X-ray source. The X-ray source  2  irradiates the measuring object S with a conical X-ray (a so-called cone beam). Further, the spreading shape of the X-ray emitted from the X-ray source  2  is not limited to a conical shape but, for example, the X-ray can alternatively be fan-like (a so-called fan beam). 
         [0050]    The emission portion  8  is directed toward the +Z direction. In the first embodiment, at least part of the X-ray XL emitted from the emission portion  8  proceeds in the +Z direction in the internal space SP. That is, in the first embodiment, the X-ray XL radiates in the Z-axis direction. 
         [0051]    The stage device  3  includes a movable stage  9  retaining the measuring object S, and a drive system  10  moving the stage  9 . 
         [0052]    In the first embodiment, the stage  9  has a table  12  having a retention portion  11  retaining the measuring object S, a first movable member  13  movably supporting the table  12 , a second movable member  14  movably supporting the first movable member  13 , and a third movable member  15  movably supporting the second movable member  14 . 
         [0053]    The table  12  is rotatable with the measuring object S being retained by the retention portion  11 . The table  12  is movable (rotatable) in the θY direction. The first movable member  13  is movable in the X-axis direction. When the first movable member  13  moves in the X-axis direction, then together with the first movable member  13 , the table  12  also moves in the X-axis direction. The second movable member  14  is movable in the Y-axis direction. When the second movable member  14  moves in the Y-axis direction, then together with the second movable member  14 , the first movable member  13  and the table  12  also move in the Y-axis direction. The third movable member  15  is movable in the Z-axis direction. When the third movable member  15  moves in the Z-axis direction, then together with the third movable member  15 , the second movable member  14 , the first movable member  13 , and the table  12  also move in the Z-axis direction. 
         [0054]    In the first embodiment, the drive system  10  includes a rotary drive device  16  rotating the table  12  on the first movable member  13 , a first drive device  17  moving the first movable member  13  in the X-axis direction on the second movable member  14 , a second drive device  18  moving the second movable member  14  in the Y-axis direction, and a third drive device  19  moving the third movable member  15  in the Z-axis direction. 
         [0055]    The second drive device  18  includes a screw shaft  20 B arranged in a nut of the second movable member  14 , and an actuator  20  rotating the screw shaft  20 B. The screw shaft  20 B is rotatably supported by bearings  21 A and  21 B. In the first embodiment, the screw shaft  20 B is supported by the bearings  21 A and  21 B such that the shaft line of the screw shaft  20 B can become substantially parallel to the Y-axis. In the first embodiment, balls are arranged between the screw shaft  20 B and the nut of the second movable member  14 . That is, the second drive device  18  includes a so-called ball screw drive mechanism. 
         [0056]    The third drive device  19  includes a screw shaft  23 B arranged in a nut of the third movable member  15 , and an actuator  23  rotating the screw shaft  23 B. The screw shaft  23 B is rotatably supported by bearings  24 A and  24 B. In the first embodiment, the screw shaft  23 B is supported by the bearings  24 A and  24 B such that the shaft line of the screw shaft  23 B can become substantially parallel to the Z-axis. In the first embodiment, balls are arranged between the screw shaft  23 B and the nut of the third movable member  15 . That is, the third drive device  19  includes another so-called ball screw drive mechanism. 
         [0057]    The third movable member  15  has a guide mechanism  25  guiding the second movable member  14  in the Y-axis direction. The guide mechanism  25  includes guide members  25 A and  25 B elongated in the Y-axis direction. The third movable member  15  supports at least part of the second drive device  18  including the actuator  20 , and the bearings  21 A and  21 B supporting the screw shaft  20 B. By letting the actuator  20  rotate the screw shaft  20 B, the second movable member  14  moves in the Y-axis direction while being guided by the guide mechanism  25 . 
         [0058]    In the first embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  has a base member  26 . The base member  26  is supported by the chamber member  6 . In the first embodiment, the base member  26  is supported by the inner wall (inner surface) of the chamber member  6  via a support mechanism. The position of the base member  26  is substantially fixed. 
         [0059]    The base member  26  has a guide mechanism  27  guiding the third movable member  15  in the Z-axis direction. The guide mechanism  27  includes guide members  27 A and  27 B elongated in the Z-axis direction. The base member  26  supports at least part of the third drive device  19  including the actuator  23 , and the bearings  24 A and  24 B supporting the screw shaft  23 B. By letting the actuator  23  rotate the screw shaft  23 B, the third movable member  15  moves in the Z-axis direction while being guided by the guide mechanism  27 . 
         [0060]    Further, while illustration is omitted, in the first embodiment, the second movable member  14  has a guide mechanism guiding the first movable member  13  in the X-axis direction. The first drive device  17  includes a ball screw mechanism capable of moving the first movable member  13  in the X-axis direction. The rotary drive device  16  includes a motor capable of moving (rotating) the table  12  in the θY direction. 
         [0061]    In the first embodiment, by virtue of the drive system  10 , the measuring object S retained on the table  12  is movable in four directions: the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis and θY directions. Further, it is also possible for the drive system  10  to move the measuring object S retained on the table  12  in six directions: the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, θX, θY and θZ directions. Further, in the first embodiment, although the drive system  10  is contrived to include a ball screw drive mechanism, it can alternatively include, for example, a voice coil motor. Still alternatively, the drive system  10  can include, for example, a linear motor or a planar motor. 
         [0062]    In the first embodiment, the stage  9  is movable in the internal space SP. The stage  9  is arranged on the +Z side of the emission portion  8 . The stage  9  is movable in the second space SP 2  on the +Z side from the emission portion  8  within the internal space SP. At least part of the stage  9  can face the emission portion  8  via the passage portion  101 . The stage  9  can situate the retained measuring object S in a position facing the emission portion  8 . The stage  9  can situate the measuring object S in the X-ray passage of the X-ray XL emitted from the emission portion  8 . 
         [0063]    In the first embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  includes a measuring system  28  which measures the position of the stage  9 . In the first embodiment, the measuring system  28  includes an encoder system. 
         [0064]    The measuring system  28  has a rotary encoder  29  measuring the rotational amount of the table  12  (the position with respect to the θY direction), a linear encoder  30  measuring the position of the first movable member  13  with respect to the X-axis direction, another linear encoder  31  measuring the position of the second movable member  14  with respect to the Y-axis direction, and still another linear encoder  32  measuring the position of the third movable member  15  with respect to the Z-axis direction. 
         [0065]    In the first embodiment, the rotary encoder  29  measures the rotational amount of the table  12  relative to the first movable member  13 . The linear encoder  30  measures the position of the first movable member  13  (the position with respect to the X-axis direction) relative to the second movable member  14 . The linear encoder  31  measures the position of the second movable member  14  (the position with respect to the Y-axis direction) relative to the third movable member  15 . The linear encoder  32  measures the position of the third movable member  15  (the position with respect to the Z-axis direction) relative to the base member  26 . 
         [0066]    The rotary encoder  29  includes, for example, a scale member  29 A arranged on the first movable member  13 , and an encoder head  29 B arranged on the table  12  to detect the scale of the scale member  29 A. The scale member  29 A is fixed on the first movable member  13 . The encoder head  29 B is fixed on the table  12 . The encoder head  29 B can measure the rotational amount of the table  12  relative to the scale member  29 A (the first movable member  13 ). 
         [0067]    The linear encoder  30  includes, for example, a scale member  30 A arranged on the second movable member  14 , and an encoder head  30 B arranged on the first movable member  13  to detect the scale of the scale member  30 A. The scale member  30 A is fixed on the second movable member  14 . The encoder head  30 B is fixed on the first movable member  13 . The encoder head  30 B can measure the position of the first movable member  13  relative to the scale member  30 A (the second movable member  14 ). 
         [0068]    The linear encoder  31  includes a scale member  31 A arranged on the third movable member  15 , and an encoder head  31 B arranged on the second movable member  14  to detect the scale of the scale member  31 A. The scale member  31 A is fixed on the third movable member  15 . The encoder head  31 B is fixed on the second movable member  14 . The encoder head  31 B can measure the position of the second movable member  14  relative to the scale member  31 A (the third movable member  15 ). 
         [0069]    The linear encoder  32  includes a scale member  32 A arranged on the base member  26 , and an encoder head  32 B arranged on the third movable member  15  to detect the scale of the scale member  32 A. The scale member  32 A is fixed on the base member  26 . The encoder head  32 B is fixed on the third movable member  15 . The encoder head  32 B can measure the position of the third movable member  15  relative to the scale member  32 A (the base member  26 ). 
         [0070]    The detector  4  is arranged in the internal space SP on the +Z side from the X-ray source  2  and the stage  9 . The detector  4  is arranged in the second space SP 2  on the +Z side from the stage  9 . The detector  4  is fixed in a predetermined position. Further, the detector  4  can also be movable. The stage  9  is movable in the space between the X-ray source  2  and the detector  4  within the internal space SP. The stage  9  is movable in the space on the −Z side of the detector  4  within the second space SP 2 . The stage  9  can be arranged within the radiation range of the X-ray XL emitted from the emission portion  8 . 
         [0071]    The detector  4  has scintillator portions  34  having an X-ray receiving surface  33  which is an incidence surface on which the X-ray XL is incident, the X-ray XL coming from the X-ray source  1  and including the transmission X-ray transmitted through the measuring object S; and light receiving portions  35  respectively receiving light rays generated in the scintillator portions  34 . The X-ray receiving surface  33  of the detector  4  can face the measuring object S retained on the stage  9 . 
         [0072]    Each of the scintillator portions  34  includes a scintillation substance which generates a light with a different wavelength from that X-ray, by exposing itself to an X-ray. Each of the light receiving portions  35  includes a photomultiplier tube. The photomultiplier tube includes a phototube converting optical energy into electrical energy by photoelectric effect. The light receiving portions  35  amplify a weak electrical signal arising from the light generated in the scintillator portions  34 . That is, the light receiving portions  35  convert the light generated in the scintillator portions  34  into an electrical signal and output the same. 
         [0073]    The detector  4  has a plurality of the scintillator portions  34 . The plurality of scintillator portions  34  are arranged in the X-Y plane. The scintillator portions  34  are arranged in an array-like form. The detector  4  has a plurality of the light receiving portions  35  to connect respectively with the plurality of scintillator portions  34 . Further, it is also possible for the detector  4  to directly convert the incident X-ray into the electrical signal without converting the incident X-ray into the light. In other words, the detector  4  is not necessarily limited to using a scintillation detector having the scintillator portions  34 , but can use other types of X-ray detector. For example, it is also possible to use detectors directly converting the incident X-ray into the electrical signal without converting the incident X-ray into the light: for example, semiconductor detectors such as silicon detectors and the like, gas detectors such as ionization chambers and the like, etc. 
         [0074]    The supply port  7  supplies the temperature-controlled gas G to at least part of the X-ray source  2 . In the first embodiment, the adjusting system  360  includes an adjusting device  36  controlling or adjusting the temperature of the gas G. The adjusting device  36  operates on, for example, electric power. The supply port  7  supplies the internal space SP (the first space SP 1 ) with the gas G from the adjusting device  36 . 
         [0075]    In the first embodiment, the adjusting device  36  is arranged in the external space RP of the chamber member  6 . In the first embodiment, the adjusting device  36  is arranged on the support surface FR. The adjusting device  36  is connected with a duct  37 . The duct  37  is also arranged in the external space RP. The adjusting device  36  is separate from the chamber member  6 . At least part of the duct  37  is also separate from the chamber member  6 . 
         [0076]    The chamber member  6  has a duct  38 . The duct  38  is formed to link the internal space SP and the external space RP. The opening at one end of the duct  38  is arranged to face with the external space RP. The opening at the other end of the duct  38  is arranged to face with the internal space SP. The flow passage of the duct  37  is connected with the opening at the one end of the duct  38 . In the first embodiment, the opening at the other end of the duct  38  functions as the supply port  7 . 
         [0077]    In the first embodiment, the adjusting device  36  takes in some gas in the external space RP, for example, to adjust or regulate the temperature of the gas. The gas G temperature-controlled by the adjusting device  36  is sent to the supply port  7  via the flow passage of the duct  37 , and the duct  38  of the chamber member  6 . The supply port  7  is arranged to face at least part of the X-ray source  2 . The supply port  7  supplies at least part of the X-ray source  2  with the gas G from the adjusting device  36 . The adjusting device  36  supplies at least part of the X-ray source  2  with the gas G from the adjusting device  36  via the supply port  7 . The adjusting device  36  can integrally include the duct  37  and the duct  38  or, otherwise, the duct  37  and the duct  38  can at least partially be different members from each other. 
         [0078]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the X-ray source  2  in accordance with the first embodiment. In  FIG. 2 , the X-ray source  2  includes a filament  39  generating electrons, a target  40  generating an X-ray by collision of the electrons or transmission of the electrons, and electron conduction members  41  conducting the electrons to the target  40 . Further, in the first embodiment, the X-ray source  2  includes a housing  42  accommodating at least parts of the electron conduction members  41 . In the first embodiment, the housing  42  accommodates each of the filament  39 , electron conduction members  41 , and target  40 . 
         [0079]    The filament  39  contains, for example, tungsten. When an electric current flows through the filament  39  and the filament  39  is heated by that electric current, then electrons (thermoelectrons) are emitted from the filament  39 . The filament  39  is shaped with a pointed apical end, from which the electrons are easy to be emitted. The filament  39  is shaped as has been wound into a coil. Further, the supply source of the electrons (thermoelectrons) in the X-ray source  2  is not necessarily limited to a filament. For example, it is also possible to use an electron gun. 
         [0080]    The target  40  contains tungsten, for example, to generate the X-ray by collision of the electrons or transmission of the electrons. In the first embodiment, the X-ray source  2  is of a so-called transmission type. In the first embodiment, the target  40  generates the X-ray by transmission of the electrons. 
         [0081]    For example, with the target  40  as the anode and the filament  39  as the cathode, when a voltage is applied between the target  40  and the filament  39 , then the thermoelectrons emitted from the filament  39  will accelerate toward the target  40  (the anode) to irradiate the target  40 . By virtue of this, the X-ray is generated from the target  40 . 
         [0082]    The electron conduction members  41  are arranged in at least some parts surrounding the pathway of the electrons from the filament  39  between the filament  39  and the target  40 . Each of the electron conduction members  41  includes, for example, either electron lenses such as a focusing lens, an object lens and the like or a polariscope to conduct the electrons from the filament  39  to the target  40 . The electron conduction members  41  cause the electrons to collide against a partial area of the target  40  (focal point of the X-ray). The dimension of the area (the spot size) in the target  40  against which the electrons collide is sufficiently small. By virtue of this, a substantial point X-ray source is formed. 
         [0083]    In the first embodiment, the temperature-controlled gas G is supplied from the supply port  7  to the external surface of the housing  42 . In the first embodiment, the supply port  7  faces at least part of the external surface of the housing  42 . In the first embodiment, the supply port  7  is arranged above (on the +Y side from) the X-ray source  2  (the housing  42 ). The supply port  7  causes the gas G to blow from above the X-ray source  2  onto the external surface of the housing  42  of the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0084]    In the X-ray source  2 , when the target  40  is irradiated with the electrons, then some of the energy of the electrons becomes an X-ray whereas some of the energy becomes heat. Irradiating the target  40  with the electrons causes an increase in the temperatures of the target  40 , the space surrounding the target  40 , and the members arranged in the vicinity of the target  40 . 
         [0085]    When the temperature of the target  40  increases, then it is possible that, for example, the target  40  and/or the housing  42  can undergo thermal distortion, and/or the relative position between the filament  39  and the target  40  can undergo a change. Further, when the temperature of the X-ray source  2  including the target  40  increases, then it is possible to bring about a temperature change in the first space SP 1  where the X-ray source  2  is placed. Further, when the temperature of the X-ray source  2  including the target  40  increases, then it is possible that, for example, at least some of the members of the detection apparatus  1  aside from the X-ray source  2  can undergo thermal distortion. Further, when the temperature of the X-ray source  2  including the target  40  increases, then it is possible that, for example, at least part of the stage device  3  including the stage  9  and the drive system  10  can undergo distortion, and/or the guide member  26  and/or the detector  4  can undergo thermal distortion. Further, when the temperature of the X-ray source  2  increases, then it is possible that the relative position between the X-ray source  2  and the stage  9  can undergo a change, the relative position between the X-ray source  2  and the detector  4  can undergo a change, and/or the relative position between the stage  9  and the detector  4  can undergo a change. In this manner, when the temperature of the X-ray source  2  changes, then it is possible that at least some of the members of the detection apparatus  1  can undergo thermal distortion, and/or relative position between some of the members can undergo a change. As a result, it is possible to decrease the detection accuracy (inspection accuracy and/or measurement accuracy) of the detection apparatus  1 . 
         [0086]    In the first embodiment, the partitionment portion  100  divides the first space SP 1  where the X-ray source  2  producing heat is placed from the second space SP 2  where the stage device  3  and detector  4  are placed. The partitionment portion  100  suppresses or prevents the communication of fluid (gas or liquid or both) from the first space SP 1  to the second space SP 2 . Further, the partitionment portion  100  also prevents the communication of fluid from the second space SP 2  to the first space SP 1 . The partitionment portion  100  prevents the gas in the first space SP 1 , for example, from moving into the second space SP 2 . Further, the partitionment portion  100  suppresses or prevents the gas in the second space SP 2 , for example, from moving into the first space SP 1 . Therefore, for example even when temperature differs between the first space SP 1  and the second space SP 2  due to the heat produced by the X-ray source  2 , because the gas in the first space SP 1  is suppressed or prevented from moving into the second space SP 2 , the second space SP 2  is still suppressed from any temperature change due to mixture of the gas in the first space SP 1  with the gas in the second space SP 2 . Thus, for example even when the heat produced by the X-ray source  2  causes an increase in the temperature of the gas in the first space SP 1 , the gas in the first space SP 1  is suppressed from moving into the second space SP 2 . That is, the partitionment portion  100  suppresses or prevents the movement of the gas from the first space SP 1  into the second space SP 2 , and thus suppresses or prevents the temperature change of the second space SP 2 . Therefore, it is possible to suppress or prevent thermal distortion in at least some of the members of the detection apparatus  1  which are placed in the second space SP 2  such as the stage device  3 , detector  4  and the like, and suppress a change in relative position between some of the members. 
         [0087]    Further, in the first embodiment, because the adjusting system  360  is provided to control the temperature of the first space SP 1  where the X-ray source  2  producing heat is placed, adjustment is made for the temperature of the members of the detection apparatus  1  placed in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 . By virtue of this, it is possible to suppress thermal distortion in at least some of the members placed in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 , suppress a temperature change in the first space SP 1 , and suppress a change in relative position between the members placed in the internal space SP. 
         [0088]    Further, in the first embodiment, the adjusting system  360  can concentrically control the temperature of the first space SP 1  where the X-ray source  2  producing heat is placed, thereby enabling suppression of energy use (for example, the amount of electricity used by the adjusting device  36 ). That is, as compared with a case of adjusting the temperature of the entire internal space SP including the first and second spaces SP 1  and SP 2 , using the adjusting system  360  enables suppression of the energy use of the adjusting system  360 . In this manner in the first embodiment, by adjusting the temperature of a partial space of the internal space SP, it is possible to suppress thermal distortion in the members, and suppress a change in relative position between the members, etc. 
         [0089]    Further, in the first embodiment, although the supply port  7  is contrived to supply the temperature-controlled gas G to the X-ray source  2 , it is also possible to supply the temperature-controlled gas G to another member than the X-ray source  2  placed in the first space SP 1 . 
         [0090]    Next, an example of operation of the detection apparatus in accordance with the first embodiment will be explained. 
         [0091]    In the first embodiment, as shown in the flowchart of  FIG. 3 , such steps are carried out as: calibrating the detection apparatus  1  (step SA 1 ), irradiating the measuring object S with the X-ray XL and detecting the transmission X-ray transmitted through the measuring object S (step SA 2 ), and calculating the internal structure of the measuring object S (step SA 3 ). 
         [0092]    First, the calibrating (step SA 1 ) will be explained.  FIG. 4  is a schematic view showing an example of calibration in accordance with the first embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 4 , in the calibration, a reference member R different from the measuring object S is retained on the table  12 . Further, in the calibration, the temperature-controlled gas G is supplied from the supply port  7  to the first space SP 1 . By supplying the temperature-controlled gas G from the supply port  7  to the first space SP 1 , the temperature of the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2  is controlled with the gas G. Further, when at least part of the temperature-controlled gas G from the supply port  7  flows into the second space SP 2  via the passage portion  101 , then the temperature of the second space SP 2  is also controlled. Further, even when there is no at least part of the temperature-controlled gas G flowing into the second space SP 2  from the supply port  7 , the partitionment portion  100  still serves to suppress a change in the temperature of the second space SP 2 . 
         [0093]    In the following explanation, a predetermined temperature Ta is used as appropriate to refer to the temperature of the internal space SP including the X-ray source  2 , which has been controlled with the gas G supplied from the supply port  7 . 
         [0094]    In the first embodiment as shown in  FIG. 4 , the reference member R is a spherical object. The profile (dimension) of the reference member R is known. The reference member R is an object suppressed from thermal distortion. The reference member R is an object which is suppressed from thermal distortion at least to a greater extent than the measuring object S is suppressed. Even when temperature changes in the internal space SP, the profile (dimension) of the reference member R virtually does not change. Further, in the first embodiment, the reference member R is not limited to a spherical shape. 
         [0095]    The control device  5  measures the position of the stage  9  with the measuring system  28  while controlling the drive system  10  to adjust the position of the stage  9  retaining the reference member R. The control device  5  adjusts the position of the stage  9  such that the reference member R can be disposed in a reference position Pr. 
         [0096]    Along with at least part of the supply of the gas G from the supply port  7 , the control device  5  causes an electric current to flow through the filament  39  for emitting an X-ray from the X-ray source  2 . By virtue of this, the filament  39  is heated, and thereby electrons are emitted from the filament  39 . The target  40  is then irradiated with the electrons emitted from the filament  39 . By virtue of this, an X-ray is generated from the target  40 . 
         [0097]    The reference member R is irradiated with at least part of the X-ray XL generated from the X-ray source  2 . At the predetermined temperature Ta, when the reference member R is irradiated with the X-ray XL from the X-ray source  2 , then at least part of the X-ray XL irradiating the reference member R is transmitted through the reference member R. The transmission X-ray transmitted through the reference member R is then incident on the X-ray receiving surface  33  of the detector  4 . The detector  4  detects the transmission X-ray transmitted through the reference member R. At the predetermined temperature Ta, the detector  4  detects an image of the reference member R obtained based on the transmission X-ray transmitted through the reference member R. In the first embodiment, the dimension (size) of the image of the reference member R obtained at the predetermined temperature Ta is referred to as a dimension Wa. The detection result of the detector  4  is outputted to the control device  5 . 
         [0098]    Based on the dimension of the image of the reference member R and the dimension of the reference member R, the control device  5  calculates the relative positions between the X-ray source  2 , the reference member R and the detector  4 . Further, although one spherical object is used in the first embodiment, it is also possible to use a plurality of spherical objects. When a plurality of spherical objects are used, then the positions of the spherical objects can differ from each other, for example, in one or both of the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. Further, when a plurality of spherical objects are used, then the relative positions between the X-ray source  2 , the reference members R and the detector  4  can be calculated not based on the images of the reference members R but based on the distances between the respective reference members R. Further, the distances between the respective reference members R can be calculated either as the distances between the central positions of the respective reference members R or as the distances between predetermined profile positions of the respective reference members R. 
         [0099]    In the first embodiment, a change in a temperature T of the internal space SP causes a change in the dimension (size) of the image obtained based on the transmission X-ray. Further, the dimension of the image obtained based on the transmission X-ray refers to the dimension of the image acquired by the detector  4 , including, for example, the dimension of the image formed in the X-ray receiving surface  33 . 
         [0100]    For example, a change in the temperature T causes a change in the relative positions between the X-ray source  2 , the reference member R, and the detector  4  (the relative positions with respect to the Z-axis direction). For example, when the internal space SP is at a reference temperature Tr (ideal temperature or target temperature), then a reference dimension Wr is used to refer to the dimension of the image acquired by the detector  4  based on the X-ray XL irradiating the reference member R disposed in the reference position Pr. 
         [0101]    On the other hand, when the internal space SP is at a temperature TX different from the reference temperature Tr, then it is possible to give rise to thermal distortion in, for example, at least some of the X-ray source  2 , stage  9 , detector  4 , base member  26  (scale member  32 A) and chamber member  6 , thereby changing the relative positions between the X-ray source  2 , the reference member R retained on the stage  9 , and the detector  4 . As a result, for example, even though the position of the stage  9  is adjusted based on the measuring result of the measuring system  28  to dispose the reference member R in the reference position Pr, it is still possible for the reference member R not to be actually disposed in the reference position Pr. In other words, when the internal space SP is at the temperature TX, it is possible that the reference member R can be disposed in a position PX different from the reference position Pr. Further, the position PX includes the relative position of the reference member R with respect to at least one of the X-ray source  2  and the detector  4 . 
         [0102]    Further, when the internal space SP is at the temperature TX while there is a change in the relative positions between the X-ray source  2 , the reference member R and the detector  4 , then the image acquired by the detector  4  has a dimension WX different from the reference dimension Wr. 
         [0103]    In the first embodiment, the control device  5  includes a storage device. The storage device stores a relationship between the temperature T of the internal space SP, and the dimension (size) of the image (picture) of the reference member R obtained based on the transmission X-ray transmitted through the reference member R out of the X-ray XL irradiating the reference member R at the temperature T. 
         [0104]    Further, as described above, along with the change in the temperature T of the internal space SP, there is a change in the relative positions between the X-ray source  2 , the reference member R, and the detector  4 . Further, along with the change in the relative positions, there is a change in the dimension of the image acquired by the detector  4 . The storage device also stores a relationship between the relative positions and the dimension of the image. 
         [0105]    Further, the information stored in the storage device is obtained through at least one of a preliminary experiment and a simulation. 
         [0106]    Therefore, the control device  5  can calculate the relative positions between the X-ray source  2 , the reference member R and the detector  4  at the temperature T based on the information stored in the storage device, and the dimension of the image of the reference member R acquired by the detector  4 . 
         [0107]    For example, when the internal space SP is at the predetermined temperature Ta, the control device  5  can calculate the relative positions between the X-ray source  2 , the reference member R and the detector  4  at the predetermined temperature Ta based on the information stored in the storage device, and the dimension Wa of the image the reference member R acquired by the detector  4 . 
         [0108]    After the calibration is finished, detecting the measuring object S is carried out (step SA 2 ).  FIG. 5  is a schematic view showing an example of the detecting in accordance with the first embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 5 , in the detection, the measuring object S is retained on the table  12 . The control device  5  controls the stage device  3  to dispose the measuring object S between the X-ray source  2  and the detector  4 . 
         [0109]    Further, in the detection, the temperature-controlled gas G is supplied from the supply port  7  to the first space SP 1 . By supplying the temperature-controlled gas G from the supply port  7  to the first space SP 1 , the temperature of the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2  is controlled with that gas G. Further, when at least part of the temperature-controlled gas G from the supply port  7  flows into the second space SP 2  via the passage portion  101 , then the temperature of the second space SP 2  is also controlled. Further, even when there is no at least part of the temperature-controlled gas G flowing into the second space SP 2  from the supply port  7 , the partitionment portion  100  still serves to suppress a change in the temperature of the second space SP 2 . 
         [0110]    The control device  5  causes the temperature-controlled gas G to be supplied from the supply port  7  to the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2  such that the internal space SP can be at the predetermined temperature Ta. 
         [0111]    The control device  5  measures the position of the stage  9  with the measuring system  28  while controlling the drive system  10  to adjust the position of the stage  9  retaining the measuring object S. 
         [0112]    Along with at least part of the supply of the gas G from the supply port  7 , the control device  5  causes an electric current to flow through the filament  39  for emitting an X-ray from the X-ray source  2 . By virtue of this, the filament  39  is heated, and thereby electrons are emitted from the filament  39 . The target  40  is then irradiated with the electrons emitted from the filament  39  and accelerated by the electrical field. By virtue of this, an X-ray is generated from the target  40 . 
         [0113]    The measuring object S is irradiated with at least part of the X-ray XL generated from the X-ray source  2 . At the predetermined temperature Ta, when the measuring object S is irradiated with the X-ray XL from the X-ray source  2 , then at least part of the X-ray XL irradiating the measuring object S is transmitted through the measuring object S. The transmission X-ray transmitted through the measuring object S is then incident on the X-ray receiving surface  33  of the detector  4 . The detector  4  detects the transmission X-ray transmitted through the measuring object S. At the predetermined temperature Ta, the detector  4  detects an image of the measuring object S obtained based on the transmission X-ray transmitted through the measuring object S. In the first embodiment, the dimension (size) of the image of the measuring object S obtained at the predetermined temperature Ta is referred to as a dimension Ws. The detection result of the detector  4  is outputted to the control device  5 . 
         [0114]    In the first embodiment, the control device  5  uses the calibration result to correct the detection result of the transmission X-ray transmitted through the measuring object S out of the X-ray XL irradiating the measuring object S at the predetermined temperature Ta. 
         [0115]    For example, the control device  5  corrects the image of the measuring object S obtained at the predetermined temperature Ta such that the image of the measuring object S obtained at the predetermined temperature Ta can coincide with the image obtained at the reference temperature Tr. 
         [0116]    For example, in the case of the dimension Ws of the image of the measuring object S obtained at the predetermined temperature Ta, the control device  5  multiplies the dimension Ws by a correction value Wr/Wa. That is, the control device  5  carries out the operation Ws×(Wr/Wa). By virtue of this, even when the actual temperature of the internal space SP is the predetermined temperature Ta, the control device  5  can still calculate the image (image dimension) of the measuring object S at the reference temperature Tr. 
         [0117]    In the first embodiment, in order to change the area of irradiating the measuring object S with the X-ray XL from the X-ray source  2 , the control device  5  causes the X-ray XL from the X-ray source  2  to irradiate the measuring object S while changing the position of the measuring object S. That is, the control device  5  causes the X-ray XL from the X-ray source  2  to irradiate the measuring object S at each of a plurality of positions of the measuring object S, and lets the detector  4  detect the transmission X-ray transmitted through the measuring object S. 
         [0118]    In the first embodiment, the control device  5  changes the area of irradiating the measuring object S with the X-ray XL from the X-ray source  2  by rotating the table  12  retaining the measuring object S to change the position of the measuring object S relative to the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0119]    That is, in the first embodiment, the control device  5  causes the X-ray XL to irradiate the measuring object S while rotating the table  12  retaining the measuring object S. The detector  4  detects the transmission X-ray (X-ray transmission data) transmitted through the measuring object S at each position (each rotation angle) of the table  12 . The detector  4  acquires an image of the measuring object S at each position. 
         [0120]    The control device  5  calculates the internal structure of the measuring object from the detection result of the detector  4  (step SA 3 ). In the first embodiment, the control device  5  acquires an image of the measuring object S based on the transmission X-ray (X-ray transmission data) transmitted through the measuring object S at each of the respective positions (each rotation angle) of the measuring object S. That is, the control device  5  acquires a plurality of images of the measuring object S. 
         [0121]    The control device S carries out a calculational operation based on the plurality of X-ray transmission data (images) obtained by irradiating the measuring object S with the X-ray XL while rotating the measuring object S, so as to reconstruct a tomographic image of the measuring object S and acquire a three-dimensional data (three-dimensional structure) of the internal structure of the measuring object S. By virtue of this, the internal structure of the measuring object S is calculated. As a method for reconstructing a tomographic image of the measuring object, for example, the back projection method, the filtered back projection method, or the successive approximation method can be adopted. With respect to the back projection method and the filtered back projection method, descriptions are given in, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0154728. Further, with respect to the successive approximation method, a description is given in, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0220908. 
         [0122]    As explained above, according to the first embodiment, because the partitionment portion  100  is provided, even when the first space SP 1  undergoes a temperature change, it is still possible to suppress the second space SP 2  from temperature change. Further, in the first embodiment, because it is attempted to control the temperature of the first space SP 1 , it is also possible to suppress the first space SP 1  from temperature change while suppressing energy use. 
         [0123]    Therefore, it is possible to suppress thermal distortion in at least some of the members placed in the internal space SP including the first and second spaces SP 1  and SP 2 , and suppress a change in relative position between the members. 
         [0124]    Therefore, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the detection accuracy of the detection apparatus  1 . For example, the detection apparatus  1  can accurately acquire information about the internal structure of the measuring object S. 
         [0125]    Further, in the first embodiment, it is also possible for the control device  5  to let the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2  be supplied with the temperature-controlled gas G from the supply port  7  at least when the X-ray source  2  is emitting the X-ray XL. In other words, the control device  5  can let the first space SP 1  be supplied with the temperature-controlled gas G at least when an electric current is flowing through the filament  39 . By virtue of this, temperature change is suppressed from happening to the gas in the first space SP 1 , and at least some of the members placed in the first space SP 1 . 
         [0126]    Further, it is also possible to supply the first space SP 1  with the temperature-controlled gas G at least part of the period when the X-ray XL is not emitted from the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0127]    Further, in the first embodiment, it is contrived to change the area of irradiating the measuring object S with the X-ray XL to acquire a plurality of images of the measuring object S, and acquire a three-dimensional data of the internal structure of the measuring object S based on these plurality of images (pictures). However, it is also possible to acquire information about the internal structure of the measuring object S based on one image (picture). 
         [0128]    Further, while the supply port  7  is arranged above (on the +Y side of) the X-ray source  2  in the first embodiment, it can alternatively be arranged on the +X or −X side of the X-ray source  2 , or on the −Y side of the X-ray source  2 . Further, the supply port  7  can include a plurality of supply ports  7  arranged to face the X-ray source  2 . For example, the plurality of supply ports  7  can be arranged to encircle the housing  42 . 
         [0129]    Further, in the first embodiment, the supply port  7  can include a plurality of supply ports  7  arranged in the Z-axis direction. 
       Second Embodiment 
       [0130]    Next, a second embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the first embodiment described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0131]      FIG. 6  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1  in accordance with the second embodiment. In  FIG. 6 , the adjusting system  360  includes the supply port  7  supplying the temperature-controlled gas G to the first space SP 1 , and a discharge port  43  discharging at least part of the gas in the first space SP 1  from the first space SP 1 . In the second embodiment, the gas discharged from the discharge port  43  includes at least part of the gas G supplied from the supply port  7 . 
         [0132]    The chamber member  6  has a duct  44 . The duct  44  is formed to link the first space SP 1  and the external space RP. The opening at one end of the duct  44  is arranged to face with the first space SP 1 . The opening at the other end of the duct  44  is arranged to face with the external space RP. In the second embodiment, the opening at the one end of the duct  44  functions as the discharge port  43 . At least part of the gas in the first space SP 1  is discharged from the discharge port  43  and, after flowing through the duct  44 , let out to the external space RP via the opening at the other end of the duct  44 . 
         [0133]    In the second embodiment, the opening at the other end of the duct  44  is connected with one end of a duct  45 . The other end of the duct  45  is connected with the adjusting device  36 . In the second embodiment, the gas discharged from the discharge port  43  is sent to the adjusting device  36  via the duct  44  of the chamber member  6 , and the flow passage of the duct  45 . 
         [0134]    In the second embodiment, the adjusting device  36  adjusts the temperature of the gas discharged from the discharge port  43 . The adjusting device  36  adjusts the temperature of the gas from the discharge port  43  and then sends the same to the supply port  7 . The supply port  7  supplies at least part of the X-ray source  2  with the temperature-controlled gas G from the adjusting device  36 . 
         [0135]    In this manner, in the second embodiment, a circulation system circulating the gas is established by the adjusting device  36 , the flow passage of the duct  37 , the duct  38 , the internal space SP, the duct  44 , and the flow passage of the duct  45 . 
         [0136]    In the second embodiment, the discharge port  43  is arranged to face at least part of the X-ray source  2 . In the second embodiment, the supply port  7  is arranged above (on the +Y side of) the X-ray source  2  while the discharge port  43  is arranged below (on the −Y side of) the X-ray source  2 . The X-ray source  2  is arranged between the supply port  7  and the discharge port  43 . 
         [0137]    In the second embodiment, the adjusting device  36  includes a vacuum system capable of sucking gas. With the vacuum system of the adjusting device  36  in operation, the discharge port  43  sucks at least part of the gas in the first space SP 1 . That is, in the second embodiment, the adjusting device  36  including the vacuum system forcibly discharges at least part of the gas in the first space SP 1  from the first space SP 1  via the discharge port  43 . 
         [0138]    In the second embodiment, along with at least part of the supply of the gas G from the supply port  7 , the adjusting device  36  discharges the gas from the discharge port  43 . By virtue of this, in the first space SP 1 , a gas flow is generated from the supply port  7  toward the discharge port  43 . The gas flow in the first space SP 1  is formed up by discharging the gas from the discharge port  43  along with at least part of the supply of the gas G from the supply port  7 . 
         [0139]    Further, the gas can also be discharged (sucked) from the discharge port  43  when the supply of the gas G from the supply port  7  is stopped. Further, the gas G can also be supplied from the supply port  7  when the discharge (suction) of the gas from the discharge port  43  is stopped. For example, it is possible to alternately carry out a first operation to supply the gas G from the supply port  7  without sucking the gas from the discharge port  43 , and a second operation to suck the gas from the discharge port  43  while the supply of the gas G from the supply port  7  is stopped. 
         [0140]    As explained above, in the second embodiment, it is also possible to suppress temperature change in the members in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 , and suppress temperature change in the first space SP 1  per se. 
         [0141]    Further, in the second embodiment, the adjusting device  36  is contrived to include a vacuum system which enables the discharge port  43  to suck (forcibly discharge) the gas in the first space SP 1 . However, it is also possible for the adjusting device  36  not to include any vacuum system. For example, the gas in the first space SP 1  can be discharged naturally from the discharge port  43 . 
         [0142]    Further, in the second embodiment, it is possible for the adjusting device  36  to control the temperature of the total gas from the discharge port  43  and send the same to the supply port  7 . 
         [0143]    Further, in the second embodiment, it is also possible for the adjusting device  36  to control the temperature of part of the gas from the discharge port  43 , send the same to the supply port  7 , and let out the rest of the gas to the external space RP. Further, it is also possible for the adjusting device  36  to let out the total gas from the discharge port  43  to the external space RP. In this case, the adjusting device  36  can take in some gas in the external space RP, for example, control the temperature of this gas, and send at least part of the temperature-controlled gas G to the supply port  7 . 
         [0144]    Further, in the second embodiment, although the gas discharged from the discharge port  43  is sent to the adjusting device  36 , it can alternatively be let out to the external space RP but not be sent to the adjusting device  36 . 
         [0145]    Further, in the above first and second embodiments, although the adjusting device  36  is arranged in the external space RP, it is also possible for the whole or part of the adjusting device  36  to be arranged in the internal space SP. For example, the adjusting device  36  can take in some gas in the internal space SP, control the temperature of this gas, and send the temperature-controlled gas G to the supply port  7 . 
         [0146]    Further, while the supply port  7  is arranged above (on the +Y side of) the X-ray source  2  in the second embodiment, it can alternatively be arranged on the +X or −X side of the X-ray source  2 , or on the −Y side of the X-ray source  2 . Further, while the discharge port  43  is arranged below (on the −Y side of) the X-ray source  2  in the second embodiment, it can alternatively be arranged on the +X or −X side of the X-ray source  2 , or on the +Y side of the X-ray source  2 . Further, although the X-ray source  2  is arranged between the supply port  7  and the discharge port  43  in the second embodiment, the discharge port(s)  43  can be arranged on one or both of the +X side and the −X side of the X-ray source  2 , for example, while the supply port  7  is arranged on the +Y side of the X-ray source  2 . Further, the supply port  7  can include a plurality of supply ports  7  arranged to face the X-ray source  2 . Further, the discharge port  43  can also include a plurality of discharge ports  43  arranged to face the X-ray source  2 . For example, the plurality of supply ports  7  and/or the plurality of discharge ports  43  can be arranged to encircle the housing  42 . 
         [0147]    Further, in the second embodiment, the supply port  7  can include a plurality of supply ports  7  arranged in the Z-axis direction, and the discharge port  43  can also include a plurality of discharge ports  43  arranged in the Z-axis direction. 
       Third Embodiment 
       [0148]    Next, a third embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0149]      FIG. 7  is a view showing part of a detection apparatus  1  in accordance with the third embodiment. Further, in the following explanation, such a case is taken as an example that the supply port  7  is arranged on the +Y side of the X-ray source  2  while the discharge port  43  is arranged on the −Y side of the X-ray source  2 . As described above, however, it is possible to arbitrarily determine the number and position of the supply port(s)  7  and the discharge port(s)  43 . Further, it is also possible to leave out the discharge port  43 . 
         [0150]    In  FIG. 7 , the detection apparatus  1  includes a temperature sensor  46  detecting the temperature(s) of at least one of the first space SP 1  and a member placed in the first space SP 1 . In the third embodiment, the temperature sensor  46  detects the temperatures of the first space SP 1  and the X-ray source  2  placed in the first space SP 1 . Further, the temperature sensor  46  can alternatively detect the temperature of another member placed in the first space SP 1  than the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0151]    In the third embodiment, the temperature sensor  46  includes temperature sensors  46 A,  46 B,  46 C, and  46 D. The temperature sensor  46 A is arranged between the supply port  7  and the X-ray source  2 . The temperature sensor  46 A is situated away from both the supply port  7  and the X-ray source  2 . The temperature sensor  46 B is arranged between the discharge port  43  and the X-ray source  2 . The temperature sensor  46 B is situated away from both the discharge port  43  and the X-ray source  2 . The temperature sensor  46 C is connected on the external surface of the housing  42  of the X-ray source  2 . The temperature sensor  46 C is arranged to face the supply port  7 . The temperature sensor  46 D is also connected on the external surface of the housing  42  of the X-ray source  2 . The temperature sensor  46 D is arranged to face the discharge port  43 . 
         [0152]    The temperature sensors  46 A and  46 B can detect the temperature of the first space SP 1 . The temperature sensor  46 A can detect the temperature of the space between the supply port  7  and the X-ray source  2 . The temperature sensor  46 B can detect the temperature of the space between the discharge port  43  and the X-ray source  2 . The temperature sensors  46 C and  46 D can detect the temperature of the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0153]    In the third embodiment, the temperature sensors  46 A to  46 D detect the temperatures in the calibration (step SA 1  of  FIG. 3 ). Further, in the third embodiment, the temperature sensors  46 A to  46 D detect the temperatures in irradiating the measuring object S with the X-ray XL and detecting the transmission X-ray transmitted through the measuring object S (step SA 2  of  FIG. 3 ). In other words, the temperature sensors  46 A to  46 D detect the temperature of at least one of the X-ray source  2  and the first space SP 1  at least when the X-ray source  2  is emitting the X-ray XL. 
         [0154]    The detection results of the temperature sensors  46 A to  46 D are outputted to the control device  5 . In the third embodiment, the control device  5  controls the adjusting system  360  based on the detection results of the temperature sensors  46 A to  46 D. The adjusting system  360  adjusts the temperature of the first space SP 1  based on the detection results of the temperature sensors  46 A to  46 D. 
         [0155]    In the third embodiment, the control device  5  controls at least the operation of the adjusting device  36  based on the detection results of the temperature sensors  46 A to  46 D. The adjusting device  36  adjusts the temperature of the gas G supplied from the adjusting device  36  based on the detection results of the temperature sensors  46 A to  46 D. The control device  5  controls the regulating device  36  to control the temperature of the gas G sent out from the adjusting device  36  based on the detection results of the temperature sensors  46 A to  46 D such that the temperature of at least one of the X-ray source  2  and the first space SP 1  can coincide with a target temperature. In other words, the control device  5  controls the regulating device  36  to regulate the temperature of the gas G sent out from the adjusting device  36  based on the detection results of the temperature sensors  46 A to  46 D to diminish the difference between the detection values of the temperature sensors  46 A to  46 D, and the target value of the temperature of at least one of the X-ray source  2  and the first space SP 1 . 
         [0156]    As explained above, in the third embodiment, it is also possible to suppress temperature change in the members in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 , and suppress temperature change in the first space SP 1  per se. 
       Fourth Embodiment 
       [0157]    Next, a fourth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0158]      FIG. 8  is a view showing part of a detection apparatus  1  in accordance with the fourth embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  includes a plurality of nozzle members  47  with supply ports  7 D arranged in the first space SP 1 . In the fourth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  has four nozzle members  47 . Each of the nozzle members  47  has a supply port  7 D. 
         [0159]    The supply ports  7 D of the nozzle members  47  supply the temperature-controlled gas G to at least part of the X-ray source  2 . The nozzle members  47  are arranged in at least some parts surrounding the X-ray source  2 . The nozzle members  47  are arranged such that the supply ports  7 D can face the external surface of the housing  42 . 
         [0160]    In the fourth embodiment, the nozzle members  47  are movable relative to the X-ray source  2 . The detection apparatus  1  has a drive system capable of moving the nozzle members  47 . The control device  5  can control the drive system to move the nozzle members  47  relative to the X-ray source  2 . The control device  5  can move the nozzle members  47  to supply the gas G from the supply ports  7 D to any area of the external surface of the housing  42 . 
         [0161]    As explained above, in the fourth embodiment, it is also possible to suppress temperature change in the members in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 , and suppress temperature change in the first space SP 1  per se. 
         [0162]    Further, in the fourth embodiment, an arbitrary number of the nozzle members  47  (the supply ports  7 D) can be provided: the number of nozzle members  47  (the supply ports  7 D) can also be one, two, three, or more than four. 
         [0163]    Further, in the fourth embodiment, it is also possible to provide a temperature sensor detecting the temperature of at least one of the X-ray source  2  and the first space SP 1  for adjusting the temperature of the gas G supplied from the supply ports  7 D based on the detection result of that temperature sensor. 
       Fifth Embodiment 
       [0164]    Next, a fifth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0165]      FIG. 9  is a view showing part of an X-ray source  2 E in accordance with the fifth embodiment. In the fifth embodiment, the X-ray source  2 E has a housing  42 E. The housing  42 E has a duct  48 . 
         [0166]    In the fifth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  has an adjusting device  49  supplying a temperature-controlled fluid to the duct  48  of the housing  42 E. The adjusting device  49  can supply, for example, a temperature-controlled liquid, or a temperature-controlled gas or aerosol. 
         [0167]    The duct  48  is formed into a spiral shape. The duct  48  has an inlet  48 A and an outlet  48 B. The adjusting device  49  is connected to the inlet  48 A via a duct  50 . The fluid is sent out from the adjusting device  49  to the inlet  48 A via the flow passage of the duct  50 . The fluid sent from the adjusting device  49  to the inlet  48 A flows through the duct  48 . The fluid flowing through the duct  48  flows out from the outlet  48 B. 
         [0168]    The outlet  48 B is connected with a duct  51 . The fluid out of the outlet  48 B flows through the flow passage of the duct  51 . The fluid out of the outlet  48 B can be discharged to, for example, the external space RP. Further, the fluid out of the outlet  48 B can be sent back to the adjusting device  49 . Then, the adjusting device  49  can control the temperature of the fluid discharged from the outlet  48 B. Further, the adjusting device  49  can send, again to the duct  48 , the fluid discharged from the outlet  48 B and temperature-controlled by the adjusting device  49 . 
         [0169]    Further, in the fifth embodiment, it is possible to provide a temperature sensor  52  detecting the temperature of at least one of the X-ray source  2 E and the first space SP 1 . The adjusting device  49  can control the temperature of the fluid supplied to the duct  48  based on the detection result of that temperature sensor  52 . 
         [0170]    As explained above, in the fifth embodiment, it is also possible to suppress temperature change in the members in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 E, and suppress temperature change in the first space SP 1  per se. 
       Sixth Embodiment 
       [0171]    Next, a sixth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0172]      FIG. 10  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1  in accordance with the sixth embodiment. In  FIG. 10 , the detection apparatus  1  includes a duct  38 F which is connected with a supply port  7 F and through which a gas Gf flows to be supplied to the supply port  7 F, and a temperature adjustment member  53  arranged in the duct  38 F to be temperature-controlled. The duct  38 F is formed in, for example, the chamber member  6 . The supply port  7 F includes the opening of one end of the duct  38 F. 
         [0173]    In the sixth embodiment, the gas Gf through contact with the temperature adjustment member  53  is supplied from the supply port  7 F. By virtue of this, the gas Gf temperature-controlled by the temperature adjustment member  53  is supplied from the supply port  7 F to at least part of the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0174]    The temperature adjustment member  53  includes, for example, a Peltier element. The Peltier element is controlled by the control device  5 . The control device  5  controls the temperature adjustment member  53  including the Peltier element to supply the gas Gf at a target temperature from the supply port  7 F. 
         [0175]    As explained above, in the sixth embodiment, it is also possible to suppress temperature change in the members in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 , and suppress temperature change in the first space SP 1  per se. 
         [0176]    Further, in the sixth embodiment, it is also possible to provide a temperature sensor detecting the temperature of at least one of the X-ray source  2  and the first space SP 1  for controlling the temperature adjustment member  53  based on the detection result of that temperature sensor. 
         [0177]    Further, it is also possible to arrange the temperature adjustment member  53  in a flow passage formed in another member than the chamber member  6 . For example, the temperature adjustment member  53  can be arranged in the flow passage of a nozzle member arranged in the first space SP 1 . It is possible to suppress temperature change in the X-ray source  2  and the like by supplying the gas through contact with the temperature adjustment member  53  to the X-ray source  2  from a supply port of the nozzle member. 
       Seventh Embodiment 
       [0178]    Next, a seventh embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0179]      FIG. 11  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1  in accordance with the seventh embodiment. In  FIG. 11 , the detection apparatus  1  includes a duct  38 G which is connected with a supply port  7 G and through which a gas Gg flows to be supplied to the supply port  7 G, and a temperature adjustment member  54  arranged in the duct  38 G to be temperature-controlled. The duct  38 G is formed in, for example, the chamber member  6 . The supply port  7 G includes the opening of one end of the duct  38 G. 
         [0180]    In the seventh embodiment, the gas Gg through contact with the temperature adjustment member  54  is supplied from the supply port  7 G. By virtue of this, the gas Gg temperature-controlled by the temperature adjustment member  54  is supplied from the supply port  7 G to at least part of the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0181]    In the seventh embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  has a supply device  55  supplying a temperature-controlled liquid to the temperature adjustment member  54 . The supply device  55  operates on, for example, electric power. In the seventh embodiment, the temperature adjustment member  54  has a duct. The duct has an inlet  54 A through which the liquid flows in, and an outlet  54 B through which the liquid flows out. The temperature adjustment member  54  is made from, for example, a metal. 
         [0182]    The supply device  55  is connected with the inlet  54 A through another duct. The supply device  55  sends the temperature-controlled liquid to the inlet  54 A via the flow passage of this duct. The liquid sent out from the supply device  55  and let through the inlet  54 A flows through the duct of the temperature adjustment member  54 . By virtue of this, the temperature adjustment member  54  is temperature-controlled with the liquid from the supply device  55 . 
         [0183]    In the seventh embodiment, the supply device  55  is controlled by the control device  5 . The control device  5  controls the supply device  55  to supply the gas Gg at a target temperature from the supply port  7 G. 
         [0184]    In the seventh embodiment, the outlet  54 B is connected with a recovery device  56  via still another duct. The liquid flowing through the duct of the temperature adjustment member  54  and out of the outlet  54 B is recovered by the recovery device  56  via the flow passage of this duct. 
         [0185]    In the seventh embodiment, the recovery device  56  can send the recovered liquid to the supply device  55 . The supply device  55  can control the temperature of the liquid from the recovery device  56 . Further, the supply device  55  can control the temperature of the liquid from the recovery device  56 , and then supply the temperature-controlled liquid to the temperature adjustment member  54 . 
         [0186]    In the seventh embodiment, the supply device  55  and the recovery device  56  are arranged outside of the duct  38 G. However, at least part of the supply device  55  can be arranged in the duct  38 G. Further, at least part of the recovery device  56  can also be arranged in the duct  38 G. 
         [0187]    As explained above, in the seventh embodiment, it is also possible to suppress temperature change in the members in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 , and suppress temperature change in the first space SP 1  per se. 
         [0188]    Further, in the seventh embodiment, it is also possible to provide a temperature sensor detecting the temperature of at least one of the X-ray source  2  and the first space SP 1  for controlling the supply device  55  based on the detection result of that temperature sensor. 
         [0189]    Further, it is also possible to arrange the temperature adjustment member  54  in a flow passage formed in another member than the chamber member  6 . For example, the temperature adjustment member  54  can be arranged in the flow passage of a nozzle member arranged in the first space SP 1 . It is possible to suppress temperature change in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2  and the like by supplying the gas through contact with the temperature adjustment member  54  to the X-ray source  2  from a supply port of the nozzle member. 
         [0190]    Further, in the seventh embodiment, although a liquid is supplied to the temperature adjustment member  54 , a temperature-controlled gas can be supplied instead. 
       Eighth Embodiment 
       [0191]    Next, an eighth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0192]      FIG. 12  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1  in accordance with the eighth embodiment. In  FIG. 12 , the detection apparatus  1  includes a temperature adjustment member  57  arranged in the first space SP 1  to be temperature-controlled. Further, in the eighth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  includes a generation device  58  which is capable of generating a gas flow and is arranged in the first space SP 1 . The generation device  58  includes, for example, a blower. 
         [0193]    In the eighth embodiment, the temperature adjustment member  57  is arranged between the generation device  58  and the X-ray source  2 . The generation device  58  generates the gas flow from the temperature adjustment member  57  toward the X-ray source  2 . By virtue of this, the gas temperature-controlled through contact with the temperature adjustment member  57  is supplied to the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0194]    In the eighth embodiment, the temperature adjustment member  57  includes a plurality of temperature adjustment members  57  arranged at intervals. The gas from the generation device  58  flows through the interspaces between the plurality of temperature adjustment members  57  to be supplied to the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0195]    Each of the temperature adjustment members  57  includes, for example, a Peltier element. The Peltier elements are controlled by the control device  5 . The control device  5  controls the temperature adjustment members  57  including the Peltier elements such that the gas to be supplied to the X-ray source  2  can reach a target temperature. 
         [0196]    In the eighth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  includes a temperature sensor  59  detecting the temperature of at least one of the X-ray source  2  and the first space SP 1 . The control device  5  can control the temperature adjustment members  57  based on the detection result of that temperature sensor  59 . 
         [0197]    As explained above, in the eighth embodiment, it is also possible to suppress temperature change in the members in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 , and suppress temperature change in the first space SP 1  per se. 
       Ninth Embodiment 
       [0198]    Next, a ninth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0199]      FIG. 13  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1  in accordance with the ninth embodiment. In  FIG. 13 , the detection apparatus  1  includes a temperature adjustment member  60  arranged in the first space SP 1  to be temperature-controlled. Further, in the ninth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  includes a generation device  61  which is capable of generating a gas flow and is arranged in the first space SP 1 . The generation device  61  includes, for example, a blower. 
         [0200]    In the ninth embodiment, the temperature adjustment member  60  is arranged between the generation device  61  and the X-ray source  2 . The generation device  61  generates the gas flow from the temperature adjustment member  60  toward the X-ray source  2 . By virtue of this, the gas temperature-controlled through contact with the temperature adjustment member  60  is supplied to the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0201]    In the ninth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  has a supply device  62  supplying a temperature-controlled liquid to the temperature adjustment member  60 . The supply device  62  operates on, for example, electric power. In the ninth embodiment, the temperature adjustment member  60  has a duct. The duct has an inlet  60 A through which the liquid flows in, and an outlet  60 B through which the liquid flows out. The temperature adjustment member  60  is made from, for example, a metal. 
         [0202]    The supply device  62  is connected with the inlet  60 A through another duct. The supply device  62  sends the temperature-controlled liquid to the inlet  60 A via the flow passage of this duct. The liquid sent out from the supply device  62  and let through the inlet  60 A flows through the duct of the temperature adjustment member  60 . By virtue of this, the temperature adjustment member  60  is temperature-controlled with the liquid from the supply device  62 . 
         [0203]    In the ninth embodiment, the temperature adjustment member  60  has passages  60 R through which gas is passable. The gas from the generation device  61  flows through the passages  60 R to be supplied to the X-ray source  2 . 
         [0204]    In the ninth embodiment, the supply device  62  is controlled by the control device  5 . The control device  5  controls the supply device  62  such that the gas to be supplied to the X-ray source  2  reaches a target temperature. 
         [0205]    In the ninth embodiment, the outlet  60 B is connected with a recovery device  63  via still another duct. The liquid flowing through the duct of the temperature adjustment member  60  and out of the outlet  60 B is recovered by the recovery device  63  via the flow passage of this duct. 
         [0206]    In the ninth embodiment, the recovery device  63  can send the recovered liquid to the supply device  62 . The supply device  62  can control the temperature of the liquid from the recovery device  63 . Further, the supply device  62  can control the temperature of the liquid from the recovery device  63 , and then supply the temperature-controlled liquid to the temperature adjustment member  60 . 
         [0207]    In the ninth embodiment, the supply device  62  and the recovery device  63  can be arranged outside of the internal space SP or, otherwise, at least part of the supply device  62  can be arranged in the external space RP and/or at least part of the recovery device  63  can be arranged in the external space RP. 
         [0208]    In the ninth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1  includes a temperature sensor  64  detecting the temperature of at least one of the X-ray source  2  and the first space SP 1 . The control device  5  can also control the supply device  62  based on the detection result of that temperature sensor  64 . That is, the supply device  62  can also control the temperature of the liquid to be supplied to the temperature adjustment member  60  based on the detection result of the temperature sensor  64 . 
         [0209]    As explained above, in the ninth embodiment, it is also possible to suppress temperature change in the members in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 , and suppress temperature change in the first space SP 1  per se. 
         [0210]    Further, in the ninth embodiment, although a liquid is supplied to the temperature adjustment member  60 , a temperature-controlled gas or aerosol can be supplied instead. 
       Tenth Embodiment 
       [0211]    Next, a tenth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0212]      FIG. 14  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1  in accordance with the tenth embodiment. In  FIG. 14 , the detection apparatus  1  includes an adjusting device  65  adjusting the temperature of at least part of the chamber member  6  defining the first space SP 1 . 
         [0213]    In the tenth embodiment, the adjusting device  65  includes a plurality of Peltier elements  65 P arranged on at least part of the chamber member  6 . In the tenth embodiment, the Peltier elements  65 P are arranged to face the X-ray source  2 . In the tenth embodiment, the Peltier elements  65 P are arranged on the internal surface of the chamber member  6  facing with the first space SP 1 . 
         [0214]    Further, at least some of the Peltier elements  65 P can be arranged inside the chamber member  6 . Further, at least some of the Peltier elements  65 P can be arranged on the external surface of the chamber member  6 . 
         [0215]    The adjusting device  65  is controlled by the control device  5 . The control device  5  controls the adjusting device  65  including the Peltier elements  65 P such that at least one of the X-ray source  2 , the chamber member  6 , and the first space SP 1  can reach a target temperature. 
         [0216]    As explained above, in the tenth embodiment, it is also possible to suppress temperature change in the members in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 , and suppress temperature change in the first space SP 1  per se. 
         [0217]    Further, in the tenth embodiment, it is also possible to provide a temperature sensor detecting the temperature of at least one of the X-ray source  2  and the first space SP 1  for controlling the adjusting device  65  based on the detection result of that temperature sensor. 
         [0218]    Further, while the chamber member  6  provided with the adjusting device  65  has the supply port  7  in the tenth embodiment, the adjusting device  65  can also be provided on the chamber member  6  without any supply port as explained, for example, with reference to  FIGS. 12 and 13 . 
       Eleventh Embodiment 
       [0219]    Next, an eleventh embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0220]      FIG. 15  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1  in accordance with the eleventh embodiment. In  FIG. 15 , the detection apparatus  1  includes an adjusting device  66  adjusting the temperature of at least part of a chamber member  6 K defining the first space SP 1 . 
         [0221]    In the eleventh embodiment, the chamber member  6 K has a duct  67 . In the eleventh embodiment, the duct  67  is arranged in at least some parts surrounding the X-ray source  2 . The adjusting device  66  supplies a temperature-controlled fluid to the duct  67  of the chamber member  6 K. 
         [0222]    In the eleventh embodiment, the adjusting device  66  has a supply device  68  supplying a temperature-controlled liquid to the duct  67 . The supply device  68  operates on, for example, electric power. The duct  67  has an inlet  67 A through which the liquid flows in, and an outlet  67 B through which the liquid flows out. 
         [0223]    The supply device  68  is connected with the inlet  67 A through another duct. The supply device  68  sends the temperature-controlled liquid to the inlet  67 A via the flow passage of this duct. The liquid sent out from the supply device  68  and let through the inlet  67 A flows through the duct  67 . By virtue of this, the chamber member  6 K is temperature-controlled with the liquid from the supply device  68 . 
         [0224]    In the eleventh embodiment, the supply device  68  is controlled by the control device  5 . The control device  5  controls the supply device  68  such that at least one of the X-ray source  2 , the chamber member  6 , and the first space SP 1  can reach a target temperature. 
         [0225]    In the eleventh embodiment, the outlet  671  is connected with a recovery device  69  via still another duct. The liquid flowing through the duct  67  and out of the outlet  67 B is recovered by the recovery device  69  via the flow passage of this duct. 
         [0226]    In the eleventh embodiment, the recovery device  69  can send the recovered liquid to the supply device  68 . The supply device  68  can control the temperature of the liquid from the recovery device  69 . Further, the supply device  68  can control the temperature of the liquid from the recovery device  69 , and then supply the temperature-controlled liquid to the duct  67 . 
         [0227]    In the eleventh embodiment, the supply device  68  and the recovery device  69  are arranged outside of the internal space SP. However, at least part of the supply device  68  can be arranged in the internal space SP. Further, at least part of the recovery device  69  can also be arranged in the internal space SP. 
         [0228]    As explained above, in the eleventh embodiment, it is also possible to suppress temperature change in the members in the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2 , and suppress temperature change in the first space SP 1  per se. 
         [0229]    Further, in the eleventh embodiment, it is also possible to provide a temperature sensor detecting the temperature of at least one of the X-ray source  2  and the first space SP 1  for controlling the supply device  68  based on the detection result of that temperature sensor. 
         [0230]    Further, in the eleventh embodiment, although a liquid is supplied to the duct  67 , a fluid such as a temperature-controlled gas, aerosol or the like can be supplied instead. 
         [0231]    Further, while the chamber member  6  provided with the adjusting device  66  has the supply port  7  in the eleventh embodiment, the adjusting device  66  can also be provided in the chamber member  6  without any supply port as explained, for example, with reference to  FIGS. 12 and 13 . 
       Twelfth Embodiment 
       [0232]    Next, a twelfth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0233]      FIG. 16  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1 L in accordance with the twelfth embodiment. In the twelfth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1 L includes an adjusting system  110  adjusting the temperature of the second space SP 2 . In the twelfth embodiment, the adjusting system  110  is controlled by the control device  5 . 
         [0234]    In the twelfth embodiment, the adjusting system  110  includes a supply port  111  supplying the temperature-controlled gas G to the second space SP 2 . The supply port  111  is arranged with the second space SP 2 . The supply port  111  faces with the second space SP 2 . In the twelfth embodiment, the supply port  111  supplies the temperature-controlled gas G to at least part of the detector  4 . Further, the supply port  111  can also supply the temperature-controlled gas G to, for example, at least part of the stage device  3 . 
         [0235]    In the twelfth embodiment, the adjusting system  110  includes an adjusting device  112  adjusting the temperature of the gas G. The adjusting device  112  operates on, for example, electric power. The supply port  111  supplies the gas G from the adjusting device  112  to the internal space SP (second space SP 2 ). 
         [0236]    In the twelfth embodiment, the adjusting device  112  is arranged in the external space RP of the chamber member  6 . In the twelfth embodiment, the adjusting device  112  is arranged on the support surface FR. The adjusting device  112  is connected with a duct  113 . The duct  113  is also arranged in the external space RP. The adjusting device  112  is separate from the chamber member  6 . At least part of the duct  113  is separate from the chamber member  6 . 
         [0237]    The chamber member  6  has a duct  114 . The duct  114  is formed to link the second space SP 2  and the external space RP. The opening at one end of the duct  114  is arranged to face with the external space RP. The opening at the other end of the duct  114  is arranged to face with the second space SP 2 . The flow passage of the duct  113  is connected with the opening at the one end of the duct  114 . In the twelfth embodiment, the opening at the other end of the duct  114  functions as the supply port  111 . 
         [0238]    In the twelfth embodiment, the adjusting device  112  takes in some gas in the external space RP, for example, to control the temperature of this gas. The gas G temperature-controlled by the adjusting device  112  is sent to the supply port  111  via the flow passage of the duct  113 , and the duct  114  of the chamber member  6 . The supply port  111  is arranged to face at least one of the detector  4  and the stage device  3 . The supply port  111  supplies at least one of the detector  4  and the stage device  3  with the gas G from the adjusting device  112 . 
         [0239]    As described above, according to the twelfth embodiment, because the adjusting system  110  is provided, it is possible to suppress temperature change in the members in the second space SP 2 , and suppress temperature change the second space SP 2  per se. 
         [0240]    Further, in the twelfth embodiment, a discharge port can be provided to discharge at least part of the gas in the second space SP 2  from the second space SP 2 . Further, the gas discharged from this discharge port can be sent to the adjusting device  112 . The adjusting device  112  can either include a vacuum system or not include any vacuum system. The adjusting device  112  can forcibly discharge at least part of the gas in the second space SP 2  from the discharge port. Further, the gas in the second space SP 2  can be discharged naturally from the discharge port. Further, the adjusting device  112  can control the temperature of the gas discharged from the discharge port. Further, the adjusting device  112  can control the temperature of the gas from the discharge port and send the same to the supply port  111 . That is, a circulation system circulating the gas can be established by the adjusting device  112 , the flow passage of the duct  113 , the duct  114 , the second space SP 2 , and the flow passage linking the discharge port and the adjusting device  112 . Further, the gas discharged from the discharge port out of the second space SP 2  can be let out to the external space RP but not be sent to the adjusting device  112 . 
         [0241]    Further, in the twelfth embodiment, although the adjusting device  112  is arranged in the external space RP, it is also possible for the whole or part of the adjusting device  112  to be arranged in the internal space SP (the second space SP 2 ). For example, the adjusting device  112  can take in some gas in the internal space SP, control the temperature of this gas, and send the temperature-controlled gas G to the supply port  111 . 
         [0242]    Further, while the supply port  111  is arranged above (on the +Y side of) the detector  4  (the stage device  3 ) in the twelfth embodiment, it can alternatively be arranged on the +X or −X or −Y side of the detector  4  (the stage device  3 ). It is also possible for the discharge port discharging the gas in the second space SP 2  to be arranged in an arbitrary position relative to the detector  4  (the stage device  3 ). 
         [0243]    Further, in the twelfth embodiment, the supply port  111  can include a plurality of supply ports  111  which are arranged, for example, along the Z-axis direction. 
         [0244]    Further, in the twelfth embodiment, the temperature of the second space SP 2  is controlled by the gas G supplied from the supply port  111 . However, for example, according to the third to eleventh embodiments described earlier, the temperature of the second space SP 2  can otherwise be controlled by the gas supplied from the supply port of a nozzle member arranged in, for example, the second space SP 2 , or controlled by the gas through contact with a temperature adjustment member, or controlled by Peltier elements, or controlled by a fluid flowing through a duct of the chamber member  6 . Further, the temperature of the second space SP 2  can still otherwise be controlled based on the detection result of at least one of a temperature sensor detecting the temperature of the members placed in the second space SP 2  and a temperature sensor detecting the temperature of the second space SP 2 . 
         [0245]    Further, in the twelfth embodiment, in spite of providing both the adjusting system  360  adjusting the temperature of the first space SP 1  and the adjusting system  110  adjusting the temperature of the second space SP 2 , it is also possible to let the sole adjusting system  360  control both the temperature of the first space SP 1  and the temperature of the second space SP 2 . 
       Thirteenth Embodiment 
       [0246]    Next, a thirteenth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0247]      FIG. 17  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1 M in accordance with the thirteenth embodiment. The detection apparatus  1 M has the chamber member  6  defining the internal space SP. 
         [0248]    In the thirteenth embodiment, the internal space SP defined by the chamber member  6  includes the first space SP 1  in which the X-ray source  2  is placed and to which the gas G is supplied from the supply port  7 , and the second space SP 2  in which the detector  4  is placed. The first space SP 1  and the second space SP 2  are partitioned by the partitionment portion  100 . The first space SP 1  is spatially close to the X-ray source  2  while the second space SP 2  is spatially closer to the detector  4  than the first space SP 1 . The partitionment portion  100  has the passage portion  101  through which the X-ray XL from the X-ray source  2  is passable. The X-ray XL emitted from the X-ray source  2  is supplied to the second space SP 2  via the passage portion  101 . 
         [0249]    The temperature of the first space SP 1  including the X-ray source  2  is controlled with the gas G supplied from the supply port  7  to the first space SP 1 . Further, in the example shown in  FIG. 17 , in spite of not providing an adjusting system adjusting the temperature of the second space SP 2 , it is possible to provide such system. 
         [0250]    In the thirteenth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1 M includes a first stage device  74  located or disposed in the first space SP 1 , and a second stage device  75  located or disposed in the second space SP 2 . The first stage device  74  and the second stage device  75  are arranged in the radiation direction (the Z-axis direction) of the X-ray XL emitted from the X-ray source  2 . At least part of the first stage device  74  moves in the first space SP 1  close to the X-ray source  2  with respect to the Z-axis direction. At least part of the second stage device  75  moves in the second space SP 2  closer to the detector  4  than the first space SP 1  with respect to the Z-axis direction. 
         [0251]    In the thirteenth embodiment, the second stage device  75  has the same configuration as the stage device  3  explained in the aforementioned embodiments. Further, the measuring system measuring the position of the stage of the second stage device  75  has the same configuration as the measuring system  28  explained in the aforementioned embodiments. 
         [0252]    The first stage device  74  includes a stage  76 , and a drive system  77  driving the stage  76 . The stage  76  includes a table  78  capable of retaining a measuring object, a first movable member  79  movably supporting the table  78 , and a second movable member  80  movably supporting the first movable member  79 . The first movable member  79  is movable in, for example, the X-axis direction and the like. The second movable member  80  is movable in, for example, the Y-axis direction and the like. 
         [0253]    In the thirteenth embodiment, the drive system  77  includes a rotary drive device rotating the table  78 , a first drive device moving the first movable member  79 , and a second drive device moving the second movable member  79 . 
         [0254]    In the thirteenth embodiment, by moving the first and second movable members  79  and  80 , the table  78  is movable in five directions: the X-axis, Y-axis, θX, θY and θZ directions. In the thirteenth embodiment, the table  78  almost does not move in the Z-axis direction. Further, the table  78  can also be movable in six directions: the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, θX, θY and θZ directions. 
         [0255]    In the thirteenth embodiment, the drive system  77  of the first stage device  74  has an actuator with a higher resolution than that of the actuator of the drive system of the second stage device  75 . In the thirteenth embodiment, the drive system  77  is provided with the actuator which operates on Lorentz force such as a linear motor, a planar motor, a voice coil motor, or the like. 
         [0256]    Further, the drive system  77  of the first stage device  74  can alternatively have an actuator with the same resolution as that of the actuator of the drive system of the second stage device  75 . 
         [0257]    In the thirteenth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1 M includes a measuring system  81  arranged in the first space SP 1  to measure the position of the stage  76 . In the thirteenth embodiment, the measuring system  81  includes an encoder system. 
         [0258]    The measuring system  81  has a rotary encoder measuring the rotational amount of the table  78  (the position with respect to the θY direction), a linear encoder measuring the position of the first movable member  79 , and a linear encoder measuring the position of the second movable member  14 . 
         [0259]    In the thirteenth embodiment, the measuring system  81  measuring the position of the stage  76  of the first stage device  74  has a higher resolution than the measuring system measuring the position of the stage of the second stage device  75 . The resolution includes, for example, the resolution of a scale member of the encoder system. The resolution of the scale member includes the scale interval of the scale member. That is, in the thirteenth embodiment, the scale interval of the scale member of the measuring system  81  measuring the position of the stage  76  of the first stage device  74  is lower than that of the scale member of the measuring system measuring the position of the stage of the second stage device  75 . 
         [0260]    In the thirteenth embodiment, the accuracy in positioning the first stage device  74  can differ from the accuracy in positioning the second stage device  75 . The accuracy in positioning includes the precision of an actually stopped position with respect to a target position set for the positioning on the axis of a stage device. Further, the accuracy in positioning can also include a repetitive positioning accuracy indicating a deviational amount at each time of carrying out a repetitive positioning, for example, with respect to the same target position. 
         [0261]    Further, the measuring system  81  measuring the position of the stage  76  of the first stage device  74  can alternatively have the same resolution as the measuring system measuring the position of the stage of the second stage device  75 . 
         [0262]    In the thirteenth embodiment, the temperature of at least part of the first stage device  74  placed in the first space SP 1  is controlled with the gas G supplied from the supply port  7  to the first space SP 1 . 
         [0263]    Further, in the thirteenth embodiment, the temperature of at least part of the measuring system  81  placed in the first space SP 1  is controlled with the gas G supplied from the supply port  7  to the first space SP 1 . 
         [0264]    Further, in addition to the X-ray source  2 , the first stage device  74  and the measuring system  81 , the temperature of at least some of the other members placed in the first space SP 1  is also controlled with the gas G supplied from the supply port  7  to the first space SP 1 . 
         [0265]    As explained above, in the thirteenth embodiment, because the two stage devices  74  and  75  are provided, it is possible to measure each of the measuring object retained by the first stage device  74  and the measuring object retained by the second stage device  75 . In other words, it is possible to measure each of the measuring object placed in the first space SP 1  and the measuring object placed in the second space SP 2 . The detector  4  detects, at a high resolution, an image of the measuring object placed in the first space SP 1  close to the X-ray source  2 . It detects, at a lower resolution than that of the image of the measuring object placed in the first space SP 1 , an image of the measuring object placed in the second space SP 2  close to the detector  4 . Therefore, based on a desired resolution, it is possible to use the two stage devices  74  and  75  in different manners. 
         [0266]    Further, in the thirteenth embodiment, the resolution of the measuring system  81  measuring the position of the stage  76  of the first stage device  74  is higher than the resolution of the measuring system measuring the position of the stage of the second stage device  75 . That is, the resolution of the measuring system  81  measuring the position of the stage  76  of the first stage device  74  for high resolution is higher than the resolution of the measuring system measuring the position of the stage of the second stage device  75  for low resolution. Therefore, in the case of attempting to acquire an image of the measuring object at high resolution, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the detection accuracy. 
       Fourteenth Embodiment 
       [0267]    Next, a fourteenth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0268]      FIG. 18  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1 N in accordance with the fourteenth embodiment. As shown in  FIG. 18 , in the detection apparatus  1 L having the first and second stage devices  74  and  75 , the partitionment portion  100  can be eliminated. In this case, it is still possible to detect the measuring object at a desired resolution by using at least one of the first stage device  74  placed in the first space SP 1  close to the X-ray source  2  with respect to the radiation direction (the Z-axis direction) of the X-ray XL, and the second stage device  75  placed in the second space SP 2  closer to the detector  4  than the first space SP 1 , within the internal space SP. Further, by letting the resolution of the measuring system  81  measuring the position of the stage  76  of the first stage device  74  be higher than the resolution of the measuring system measuring the position of the stage of the second stage device  75 , in the case of attempting to acquire an image of the measuring object at high resolution, for example, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the detection accuracy. 
         [0269]    Further, in the example shown in  FIG. 18 , the supply port  7  supplying the temperature-controlled gas G to the first space SP 1  can supply the gas G to the X-ray source  2  or supply the gas G to at least part of the first stage device  74  in the first space SP 1 . Further, the supply port  7  can alternatively supply the gas G to at least part of the second stage device  75  in the second space SP 2 . Further, the supply port  7  can be left out. 
       Fifteenth Embodiment 
       [0270]    Next, a fifteenth embodiment will be explained.  FIG. 19  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1 P in accordance with the fifteenth embodiment. 
         [0271]    In  FIG. 19 , the detection apparatus  1 P includes the chamber member  6  defining the internal space SP, the X-ray source  2 , a stage device  300 , and the detector  4 . The internal space SP includes the first space SP 1  spatially close to the X-ray source  2  in the radiation direction of the X-ray XL, and the second space SP 2  spatially closer to the detector  4  than the first space SP 1 . 
         [0272]    In the fifteenth embodiment, the X-ray source  2  is arranged in the first space SP 1 , while the detector  4  is arranged in the second space SP 2 . 
         [0273]    The stage device  300  includes the movable stage  9  retaining the measuring object S, and the drive system  10  moving the stage  9 . In the fifteenth embodiment, the stage  9  moves in the first space SP 1  and second space SP 2 . 
         [0274]    Further, in the fifteenth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1 P includes the supply port  7  supplying the temperature-controlled gas G to the first space SP 1 . It is possible for the supply port  7  to supply the gas G to the X-ray source  2 . Further, it is also possible for the supply port  7  to supply the gas G to at least part of the stage  9  placed in the first space SP 1 . 
         [0275]    The stage  9  has the table  12  having the retention portion  11  retaining the measuring object S, the first movable member  13  movably supporting the table  12 , the second movable member  14  movably supporting the first movable member  13 , and the third movable member  15  movably supporting the second movable member  14 . 
         [0276]    The drive system  10  includes the rotary drive device  16  rotating the table  12  on the first movable member  13 , the first drive device  17  moving the first movable member  13  in the X-axis direction on the second movable member  14 , the second drive device  18  moving the second movable member  14  in the Y-axis direction, and the third drive device  19  moving the third movable member  15  in the Z-axis direction. 
         [0277]    The stage  9  and the drive system  10  of the stage device  300  have the same configurations as the stage  9  and the drive system  10  of the stage device  3  explained in the aforementioned embodiments, respectively. 
         [0278]    The detection apparatus  1 P has the base member  26 . The base member  26  is supported by the chamber member  6 . In the fifteenth embodiment, the base member  26  is supported by the inner wall (inner surface) of the chamber member  6  via the support mechanism. The position of the base member  26  is substantially fixed. 
         [0279]    In the fifteenth embodiment, the detection apparatus  1 P includes a measuring system  280  which measures the position of the stage  9 . In the fifteenth embodiment, the measuring system  280  includes an encoder system. 
         [0280]    The measuring system  280  has a rotary encoder measuring the rotational amount of the table  12  (the position with respect to the θY direction), a linear encoder measuring the position of the first movable member  13  with respect to the X-axis direction, and a linear encoder measuring the position of the second movable member  14  with respect to the Y-axis direction. Further, the measuring system  280  has a linear encoder  320  measuring the position of the third movable member  15  with respect to the Z-axis direction. 
         [0281]    The linear encoder  320  includes the scale member  32 A arranged on the base member  26 , and the encoder head  32 B arranged on the third movable member  15  to detect the scale of the scale member  32 A. The scale member  32 A is fixed on the base member  26 . The encoder head  32 B is fixed on the third movable member  15 . The encoder head  32 B can measure the position of the third movable member  15  relative to the scale member  32 A (the base member  26 ). 
         [0282]    In the fifteenth embodiment, the scale member  32 A is arranged in the first space SP 1  and second space SP 2 . In the fifteenth embodiment, the scale member  32 A includes a first portion  321 A arranged in the first space SP 1 , and a second portion  322 A arranged in the second space SP 2 . 
         [0283]    In the fifteenth embodiment, the resolution of the linear encoder  320  in the first space SP 1  is higher than the resolution of the linear encoder  320  in the second space SP 2 . In the fifteenth embodiment, the scale interval of the first portion  321 A placed in the first space SP 1  is smaller than the scale interval of the second portion  322 A placed in the second space SP 2 . 
         [0284]    As explained above, in the fifteenth embodiment, because the stage  9  moves in the first space SP 1  and second space SP 2 , by retaining the measuring object on the stage  9 , it is possible to measure each of the measuring object situated in the first space SP 1  and the measuring object situated in the second space SP 2 . The detector  4  detects, at a high resolution, an image of the measuring object situated in the first space SP 1  close to the X-ray source  2 . It detects, at a lower resolution than that of the image of the measuring object situated in the first space SP 1 , an image of the measuring object situated in the second space SP 2  close to the detector  4 . 
         [0285]    Further, in the fifteenth embodiment, the resolution of the linear encoder  320  measuring the position of the stage  9  is higher in the first space SP 1  than in the second space SP 2 . Therefore, in the case of attempting to acquire an image of the measuring object at high resolution, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the detection accuracy. 
       Sixteenth Embodiment 
       [0286]    Next, a sixteenth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0287]      FIG. 20  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1 Q in accordance with the sixteenth embodiment.  FIG. 20  shows an example of a partitionment portion (a separator or a dividing portion)  100 Q dividing the internal space SP into the first space SP 1  and the second space SP 2 . 
         [0288]    In  FIG. 20 , the partitionment portion  100 Q has a gas supply portion  150  supplying a gas in a direction intersecting the radiation direction of the X-ray XL (the Z-axis direction). In the sixteenth embodiment, the gas supply portion  150  is arranged in at least a part surrounding the optical path (X-ray path) of the X-ray XL emitted from the X-ray source  2 . In  FIG. 20 , the gas supply portion  150  is arranged on the +Y side with respect to the optical path of the X-ray XL. The gas supply portion  150  has a plurality of supply ports supplying the gas. The gas supply portion  150  supplies the gas in the Y-axis direction (−Y direction) intersecting the radiation direction of the X-ray XL (the X-axis direction). 
         [0289]    In the sixteenth embodiment, the partitionment portion  100 Q has a gas recovery portion  151  arranged to face the gas supply portion  150 . The gas recovery portion  151  is arranged on the −Y side with respect to the optical path of the X-ray XL. The gas recovery portion  151  has a plurality of recovery ports recovering (sucking in) the gas. The gas recovery portion  151  recovers at least part of the gas from the gas supply portion  150 . 
         [0290]    In the sixteenth embodiment, along with at least part of the supply of the gas from the gas supply portion  150 , the gas recovery portion  151  recovers the gas. In the sixteenth embodiment, a so-called gas curtain is formed of the gas supplied from the gas supply portion  150 . That is, in the sixteenth embodiment, the partitionment portion  100 Q includes this gas curtain. The gas curtain suppresses or prevents a fluid from moving from one of the first space SP 1  and the second space SP 2  to the other. 
         [0291]    As explained above, according to the sixteenth embodiment, by virtue of the partitionment portion  100 Q including the gas curtain, even when temperature changes in the first space SP 1 , it is still possible to suppress temperature change in the second space SP 2 . 
       Seventeenth Embodiment 
       [0292]    Next, a seventeenth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0293]      FIG. 21  is a view showing an example of a detection apparatus  1 R in accordance with the seventeenth embodiment. The detection apparatus  1 R in accordance with the seventeenth embodiment is not provided with any supply port supplying a temperature-controlled gas and the like, but, as will be described later, with a discharge port discharging the gas in the first space SP 1 . As shown in  FIG. 21 , the partitionment portion  100  divides the internal space SP into the first space SP 1  and the second space SP 2 . Then, the chamber member  6  is provided with a duct  144  defining an exhaust flow passage letting the first space SP 1  communicate with the external space RP. The duct  144  has a discharge port  144 A which is an opening at the side of the first space SP 1  and is arranged above the X-ray source  2  (in the +Y direction). The duct  144  is formed to extend upward from the discharge port  144 A (in the +Y direction). 
         [0294]    When the gas surrounding the X-ray source  2  is warmed by the heat produced by operating the X-ray source  2 , then the gas surrounding the X-ray source  2  decreases in specific gravity and thus moves upward. Here, as described above, because the discharge port  144 A is arranged above the X-ray source  2  while the duct  144  extends upward, it is possible to efficiently discharge the warmed gas surrounding the X-ray source  2  to the external space RP through the duct  144 . At this time, because the gas surrounding the X-ray source  2  is subjected to an exchange, it is possible to suppress local temperature rise in the first space SP 1 . That is, it is possible to suppress temperature rise in the members, of the detection apparatus  1 R, placed in the first space SP 1 , and suppress the possibility of thermal distortion in those members. By virtue of this, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the detection accuracy of the detection apparatus  1 R. 
         [0295]    Further, the discharge port  144 A need not necessarily be arranged above the X-ray source  2  but, for example, can be arranged below the X-ray source  2 . In such case, it is also possible to discharge the gas surrounding the X-ray source  2  to the external space RP through the discharge port  144 A. Further, a generation device (such as a blower or the like) can be provided to generate a gas flow for causing the gas surrounding the X-ray source  2  to move toward the discharge port  144 A. Further, the duct  144  need not necessarily have a linear shape but, as required, can have any shape. Further, the chamber member  6  can be formed with a plurality of ducts  144  and a plurality of discharge ports  144 A, but not necessarily with only one duct  144  (and one discharge port  144 A). 
         [0296]    Further, while the X-ray source  2  is of a so-called transmission type in the above first to seventeenth embodiments, it can alternatively be of a reflection type.  FIG. 22  is a view showing an example of an X-ray source  2 L of the reflection type. 
         [0297]    In  FIG. 22 , the X-ray source  2 L has an electron emission portion  70  including a filament and an electron conduction member, and a target  71 . In the seventeenth embodiment, the electron emission portion  70  includes a housing  72  accommodating the filament and the electron conduction member. The target  71  is arranged outside of the housing  72  (the electron emission portion  70 ). The electron conduction member of the electron emission portion  70  conducts electrons generated from the filament to the target  71 . The electrons from the electron emission portion  70  collide against the target  71 . The target  71  generates the X-ray XL by the collision of the electrons. 
         [0298]    In the seventeenth embodiment, the target  71  has a first surface  71 A irradiated with the electrons from the electron emission portion  70 , and a second surface  71 B and a third surface  71 C which face in different directions from the first surface  71 A. In the seventeenth embodiment, the first surface  71 A is irradiated with the electrons to generate the X-ray XL. 
         [0299]    Further, in the example shown in  FIG. 22 , there is arranged a nozzle member  73  which has supply ports  7 L supplying the temperature-controlled gas G to the target  71 . In the seventeenth embodiment, the nozzle member  73  includes a first nozzle member  73 A having one supply port  7 L supplying the gas G to the first surface  71 A, and a second nozzle member  73 B having the other supply port  7 L supplying the gas G to the second surface  71 B. The supply port  7 L of the first nozzle member  73 A faces the first surface  71 A. The supply port  7 L of the second nozzle member  73 B faces the second surface  71 B. 
         [0300]    Further, another supply port  7 L can be arranged to supply the gas G to the third surface  71 C. Further, while the gas G is supplied to the first surface  71 A, it is possible not to supply the gas G to the second and third surfaces  71 B and  71 C, or while the gas G is supplied to the second surface  71 B, it is possible not to supply the gas G to the first and third surfaces  71 A and  71 C, or while the gas G is supplied to the third surface  71 C, it is possible not to supply the gas G to the first and second surfaces  71 A and  71 B. Further, while the gas G is supplied to the second and third surfaces  71 B and  71 C, it is possible not to supply the gas G to the first surface  71 A, or while the gas G is supplied to the first and third surfaces  71 A and  71 C, it is possible not to supply the gas G to the second surface  71 B. 
         [0301]    Further, while the temperature-controlled gas is supplied to the X-ray source in each of the above embodiments, it can alternatively be supplied to, for example, at least part of the stage device or at least part of the measuring system. For example, the temperature-controlled gas can be supplied to the scale member of the measuring system. 
         [0302]    Further, in each of the above embodiments, it is possible to provide a first supply port supplying the temperature-controlled gas to the X-ray source, and a second supply port supplying the temperature-controlled gas to at least part of the stage device. Further, in each of the above embodiments, it is possible to provide the first supply port supplying the temperature-controlled gas to the X-ray source, and a third supply port supplying the temperature-controlled gas to at least part of the measuring system. 
         [0303]    Further, in each of the above embodiments, at least when the X-ray XL is being emitted from the X-ray source, the temperature-controlled gas is supplied to the X-ray source. However, even when the X-ray XL is being emitted from the X-ray source, the supply and stop of the supply of the temperature-controlled gas can be carried out based on, for example, the position of the stage retaining the measuring object. For example, when the stage is situated close to the X-ray source (when the distance between the stage and the X-ray source is a first distance in the Z-axis direction), then it is possible to supply the temperature-controlled gas to the X-ray source. On the other hand, when the stage is situated far from the X-ray source (when the distance between the stage and the X-ray source is a second distance longer than the first distance in the Z-axis direction), then it is possible to stop supplying the gas to the X-ray source. Alternatively, when the distance between the stage and the X-ray source in the Z-axis direction is shorter than a threshold value, then it is possible to supply the temperature-controlled gas to the X-ray source but, on the other hand, when the distance is longer than the threshold value, then it is possible to stop supplying the gas to the X-ray source. In other words, it is possible to supply the temperature-controlled gas to the X-ray source for detecting (measuring) the measuring object S at high resolution, but stop supplying the gas to the X-ray source for detecting (measuring) the measuring object S at low resolution. 
         [0304]    Further, in each of the above embodiments, the X-ray XL emitted from the X-ray source is exactly an X-ray, and the detection apparatus  1  is an X-ray CT inspection device. However, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the X-ray source can be an electromagnetic wave with a different wavelength from that of X-ray. That is, although it is a matter of course that the electromagnetic wave emitted from the X-ray source can be an X-ray (in the broad sense of the term) such as the aforementioned ultrasoft X-ray, soft X-ray, X-ray, hard X-ray, or the like, the electromagnetic wave can have either a longer or a shorter wavelength than those X-rays in the broad sense as long as it is transmittable through the measuring object. Every element explained in each of the above embodiments is also applicable to any device using an electromagnetic wave with a different wavelength from that of X-ray only when that device is used to detect a transmission electromagnetic wave transmitted through the measuring object. 
         [0305]    Further, while the detection apparatus  1  has an X-ray source in each of the above embodiments, the X-ray source can be an external device for the detection apparatus  1 . In other words, it is also possible for the X-ray source not to constitute at least a part of the detection apparatus. 
       Eighteenth Embodiment 
       [0306]    Next, an eighteenth embodiment will be explained. In the following explanation, the same reference numerals will be assigned to the constitutive parts or components which are the same as or equivalent to those of the embodiments described above, and the explanations therefor will be simplified or omitted. 
         [0307]    In the eighteenth embodiment, an explanation will be given on a structure manufacturing system including the detection apparatus  1  described above. 
         [0308]      FIG. 23  is a block diagram of configuration of a structure manufacturing system  200 . The structure manufacturing system  200  includes the aforementioned position measuring device  100 , a probe device  50  probing a measuring object of the position measuring device  100 , a designing device  110 , a forming device  120 , a controller (inspection device)  130 , and a repairing device  140 . In the eighteenth embodiment, the structure manufacturing system  200  manufactures molded components such as automobile door parts, engine components, gear components, electronic components including circuit substrates, etc. 
         [0309]    The designing device  110  creates design information about the profile of a structure, and sends the created design information to the forming device  120 . Further, the designing device  110  causes an aftermentioned coordinate storage portion  131  of the controller  130  to store the created design information. The design information mentioned here refers to information indicating the coordinates of each position of the structure. The forming device  120  fabricates the structure based on the design information inputted from the designing device  110 . The formation process of the forming device  120  includes casting, forging, cutting, and the like. 
         [0310]    The detection apparatus  1  sends information indicating measured coordinates to the controller  130 . Further, the probe device  50  measures the coordinates of the fabricated structure (measuring object) and sends the information indicating the measured coordinates to the controller  130 . The controller  130  includes the coordinate storage portion  131  and an inspection section  132 . The coordinate storage portion  131  stores the design information from the designing device  110 . The inspection section  132  reads out the design information from the coordinate storage portion  131 . The inspection section  132  creates information (profile information) signifying the fabricated structure from the information indicating the coordinates received from the detection apparatus  1 . The inspection section  132  compares the information (the profile information) indicating the coordinates received from a profile measuring device  170  with the design information read out from the coordinate storage portion  131 . Based on the comparison result, the inspection section  132  determines whether or not the structure is formed in consistency with the design information. In other words, the inspection section  132  determines whether or not the fabricated structure is nondefective. When the structure is not formed in consistency with the design information, then the inspection section  132  determines whether or not it is repairable. When it is repairable, then the inspection section  132  calculates to specify the defective portions and repairing amount based on the comparison result, and sends information indicating the defective portions and repairing amount to the repairing device  140 . 
         [0311]    Based on the information indicating the defective portions and repairing amount received from the controller  130 , the repairing device  140  processes the defective portions of the structure. 
         [0312]      FIG. 24  is a flowchart showing a processing flow according to the structure manufacturing system  200 . First, the designing device  110  creates design information about the profile of a structure (step S 101 ). Next, the forming device  120  fabricates the structure based on the design information (step S 102 ). Then, the detection apparatus  1  measures the coordinates with respect to the profile of the structure (step S 103 ). Then, the inspection section  132  of the controller  130  inspects whether or not the structure is fabricated in consistency with the design information by comparing the created profile information of the structure from the detection apparatus  1  with the above design information (step S 104 ). 
         [0313]    Next, the inspection section  132  of the controller  130  determines whether or not the fabricated structure is nondefective (step S 105 ). When the fabricated structure is nondefective (step S 106 : Yes), then the structure manufacturing system  200  ends the process. On the other hand, when the fabricated structure is defective (step S 106 : No), then the inspection section  132  of the controller  130  determines whether or not the fabricated structure is repairable (step S 107 ). 
         [0314]    When the fabricated structure is repairable (step S 107 : Yes), then the repairing device  140  reprocesses the structure (step S 108 ), and the process returns to step S 103 . On the other hand, when the fabricated structure is not repairable (step S 107 : Yes), then the structure manufacturing system  200  ends the process. With that, the process of the flowchart is ended. 
         [0315]    In the above manner, because the profile measuring device  170  in the eighteenth embodiment can correctly measure the coordinates of the structure, the structure manufacturing system  200  is able to determine whether or not the fabricated structure is nondefective. Further, when the structure is defective, the structure manufacturing system  200  is able to reprocess the structure to repair the same. 
         [0316]    Further, in each of the above embodiments, the measuring object S is not limited to a component for industrial use, but can be a human body, etc. Further, in each of the above embodiments, the X-ray apparatus  1  can also be used for medical purposes. 
         [0317]    In each of the above embodiments, the X-ray source and the detection apparatus are fixed in predetermined positions, and an image of the measuring object S is acquired by rotating the stage. However, the scanning method is not limited to this. It is possible to fix one of the X-ray source and the detection apparatus in a predetermined position, and let the other be movable. Further, it is also possible for both the X-ray source and the detection apparatus to be movable. 
         [0318]    Further, it is possible to appropriately combine the requirements of the respective embodiments described above. Further, there can be some cases of not using some of the components. Further, in so far as permitted by laws and regulations, the present description incorporates, as a part thereof, all the disclosures of the Japanese patent publications and U.S. patents with respect to the X-ray detection apparatuses and the like, cited in the respective embodiments and modifications described above. 
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
       [0319]    The present invention is applicable to structure manufacturing systems capable of determining whether or not a manufactured structure is nondefective. By virtue of this, it is possible to improve inspection precision for the manufactured structure, and thereby improve the efficiency of manufacturing the structure. 
       REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       [0000]    
       
         
           
               1 : Detection apparatus 
               2 : X-ray source 
               3 : Stage device 
               4 : Detector 
               7 : Supply port 
               9 : Stage 
               36 : Adjusting device 
               100 : Partitionment portion 
             R: Reference member 
             RP: External space 
             S: Measuring object 
             SP: Internal space 
             SP 1 : First space 
             SP 2 : Second space 
             XL: X-ray