Abstract:
Compositions comprising a plurality of yeast cells, wherein said plurality of yeast cells are characterized by their ability to normalize the serum level of GPT, AP and/or LDH-5 in a mammal, said ability resulting from their having been cultured in the presence of an alternating electric field having a specific frequency and a specific field strength. Also included are methods of making and using these compositions.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to compositions that are beneficial for the liver and useful as dietary supplements. These compositions contain yeast cells obtainable by growth in electromagnetic fields with specific frequencies and field strengths. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     There are various types of liver diseases, including acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, toxic liver injury, hepatic cancer, cirrhotic liver, fatty liver, portal hypertension, and the like. Liver disease in some patients develops into hepatic cirrhosis or even hepatic cancer after a period of time (A report by the research group on liver diseases, Health and Welfare Ministry, 1979). Prevention, observation, and cure of hepatitis are therefore important for preventing cirrhotic liver and hepatic cancer. In recent years, animal models of hepatitis and hepatic cancers have been developed and their application to the research of liver diseases is ongoing (Mori et al.,  Hepatic, Cholecyst, Pancresto  19(5):905-910 (1989)). 
     Rest and diet are principal means for curing acute hepatitis, while various other measures are taken to cure active-type chronic hepatitis, especially hepatitis B. Interferon, adenine arabinoside, and acyclovir have been used to treat hepatitis. However, prolonged use of these drugs causes severe side effects. Development of a treatment that is safe and effective for treating liver diseases is therefore strongly desired. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is based on the discovery that certain yeast cells can be activated by electromagnetic fields having specific frequencies and field strengths to produce substances that are beneficial for the liver. Compositions comprising these activated yeast cells can be used as dietary supplements for improving liver health, e.g., alleviating symptoms of hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver and other liver ailments. 
     This invention embraces a composition comprising a plurality of yeast cells that have been cultured in an alternating electric field having a frequency in the range of about 18000-18500 MHZ (e.g., 18180-18240 MHz), and a field intensity in the range of about 50 to 500 mV/cm (e.g., 100-450 mV/cm). The yeast cells are cultured in the alternating electric field for a period of time sufficient to substantially increase the capability of said plurality of yeast cells to produce substances beneficial for the liver. For instance, the cultured yeast cells when ingested can normalize the level of serum glutamate-pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and/or lactate dehydrogenase 5 (LDH-5) in a mammal. 
     The term “normalize” means changing the level of abnormally high or low concentrations of subject proteins in a mammal to a substantially normal level. 
     In one embodiment, the frequency and/or the field strength of the alternating electric field can be altered within the aforementioned ranges during said period of time. In other words, the yeast cells can be exposed to a series of electromagnetic fields. An exemplary period of time is about 40-100 hours (e.g., 50 to 80 hours). 
     Yeast cells that can be included in this composition can all be obtained from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (“CGMCC”), a depository recognized under the Budapest Treaty (China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, P.O. BOX 2714, Beijing, 100080, China). Useful yeast species include, but are not limited to,  Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, Saccharomyces chevalieri, Saccharomyces delbrueckii, Saccharomyces exiguous, Saccharomyces fermentati, Saccharomyces logos, Saccharomyces mellis, Saccharomyces oviformis, Saccharomyces rosei, Saccharomyces rouxii, Saccharomyces sake, Saccharomyces uvarum, Saccharomyces willianus, Saccharomyces sp., Schizosaccharomyces octosporus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Sporobolomyces roseus, Torulopsis candida, Torulopsis famta, Torulopsis globosa, Torulopsis inconspicua, Trichosporon behrendii, Trichosporon capitatum, Trichosporon cutaneum, Wickerhamia fluoresens, Candida arborea, Candida krusei, Candida lambica, Candida lipolytica, Candida parapsilosis, Candida pulcherrima, Candida rugousa, Candida tropicalis, Candida utilis, Crebrothecium ashbyii, Geotrichum candidum, Hansenula anomala, Hansenula arabitolgens, Hansenula jadinii, Hansenula saturnus, Hansenula schneggii, Hansenula subpelliculosa, Kloeckera apiculata, Lipomyces starkeyi, Pichia farinosa, Pichia membranaefaciens, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula minuta, Rhodotorula rubar, Rhodotorula aurantiaca, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, and Saccharomycodes sinenses . For instance, the yeast cells can be of the strain  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  Hansen AS2.375, AS2.501, AS2.502, AS2.503, AS2.504, AS2.535, AS2.558, AS2.560, AS2.561, AS2.562, or IFFI1048; or  Saccharomyces carlsbergensis  Hansen AS2.420, or AS2.444. 
     Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Exemplary methods and materials are described below, although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All publications and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. Throughout this specification and claims, the word “comprise,” or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers. 
     Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, and from the claims. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary apparatus for activating yeast cells using electromagnetic fields. 1: yeast culture; 2: container; 3: power supply. 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary apparatus for making yeast compositions of the invention. The apparatus comprises a signal generator and interconnected containers 1, 2 and 3. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is based on the discovery that certain yeast strains can be activated by electromagnetic fields (“EMF”) having specific frequencies and field strengths to produce agents useful in treating liver ailments. Yeast compositions containing the activated yeast cells can be used as dietary supplements in the form of health drinks or pills. In certain embodiments, the yeast compositions of this invention can improve liver functions, thereby normalizing the serum levels of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and/or lactate dehydrogenase 5. 
     Since the activated yeast cells contained in these yeast compositions have been cultured to endure acidic conditions (pH2.5-4.2), the compositions are stable in the stomach and can pass on to the intestines. Once in the intestines, the yeast cells are ruptured by various digestive enzymes, and the bioactive agents are released and readily absorbed. 
     Without being bound by any theory or mechanism, the inventor believes that EMFs activate or enhance the expression of a gene or a set of genes or alter the conformation and/or activity of certain cellular components (e.g. DNA, RNA, enzymes/proteins) in the yeast cells, resulting in the production of agents that are beneficial for the liver. 
     I. Yeast Strains Useful in the Invention 
     The types of yeasts useful in this invention include, but are not limited to, yeasts of the genera Saccharomyces, Candida, Crebrothecium, Geotrichum, Hansenula, Kloeckera, Lipomyces, Pichia, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomycodes, Schizosaccharomyces, Sporobolomyces, Torulopsis, Trichosporon, and Wickerhamia. 
     Exemplary species within the above-listed genera include, but are not limited to, the species illustrated in Table 1. Yeast strains useful in this invention can be obtained from laboratory cultures, or from publically accessible culture depositories, such as CGMCC and the American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Va.  20110-2209 . Non-limiting examples of useful strains (with the accession numbers of CGMCC) are  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  Hansen AS2.375, AS2.501, AS2.502, AS2.503, AS2.504, AS2.535, AS2.558, AS2.560, AS2.561, AS2.562, and IFFI1048; and  Saccharomyces carlsbergensis  Hansen AS2.420 and AS2.444. Other non-limiting examples of useful strains are listed in Table 1. In general, yeast strains preferred in this invention are those used for fermentation in the food and wine industries. As a result, compositions containing these yeast cells are safe for human consumption. 
     Although it is preferred, the preparation of the yeast compositions of this invention is not limited to starting with a pure strain of yeast. A yeast composition of the invention may be produced by culturing a mixture of yeast cells of different species or strains. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Exemplary Yeast Strains 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   Saccharomyces cerevisiae  Hansen 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2034 
                 ACCC2035 
                 ACCC2036 
                 ACCC2037 
                 ACCC2038 
               
               
                 ACCC2039 
                 ACCC2040 
                 ACCC2041 
                 ACCC2042 
                 AS2. 1 
               
               
                 AS2. 4 
                 AS2. 11 
                 AS2. 14 
                 AS2. 16 
                 AS2. 56 
               
               
                 AS2. 69 
                 AS2. 70 
                 AS2. 93 
                 AS2. 98 
                 AS2. 101 
               
               
                 AS2. 109 
                 AS2. 110 
                 AS2. 112 
                 AS2. 139 
                 AS2. 173 
               
               
                 AS2. 174 
                 AS2. 182 
                 AS2. 196 
                 AS2. 242 
                 AS2. 336 
               
               
                 AS2. 346 
                 AS2. 369 
                 AS2. 374 
                 AS2. 375 
                 AS2. 379 
               
               
                 AS2. 380 
                 AS2. 382 
                 AS2. 390 
                 AS2. 393 
                 AS2. 395 
               
               
                 AS2. 396 
                 AS2. 397 
                 AS2. 398 
                 AS2. 399 
                 AS2. 400 
               
               
                 AS2. 406 
                 AS2. 408 
                 AS2. 409 
                 AS2. 413 
                 AS2. 414 
               
               
                 AS2. 415 
                 AS2. 416 
                 AS2. 422 
                 AS2. 423 
                 AS2. 430 
               
               
                 AS2. 431 
                 AS2. 432 
                 AS2. 451 
                 AS2. 452 
                 AS2. 453 
               
               
                 AS2. 458 
                 AS2. 460 
                 AS2. 463 
                 AS2. 467 
                 AS2. 486 
               
               
                 AS2. 501 
                 AS2. 502 
                 AS2. 503 
                 AS2. 504 
                 AS2. 516 
               
               
                 AS2. 535 
                 AS2. 536 
                 AS2. 558 
                 AS2. 560 
                 AS2. 561 
               
               
                 AS2. 562 
                 AS2. 576 
                 AS2. 593 
                 AS2. 594 
                 AS2. 614 
               
               
                 AS2. 620 
                 AS2. 628 
                 AS2. 631 
                 AS2. 666 
                 AS2. 982 
               
               
                 AS2. 1190 
                 AS2. 1364 
                 AS2. 1396 
                 IFFI1001 
                 IFFI1002 
               
               
                 IFFI1005 
                 IFFI1006 
                 IFFI1008 
                 IFFI1009 
                 IFFI1010 
               
               
                 IFFI1012 
                 IFFI1021 
                 IFFI1027 
                 IFFI1037 
                 IFFI1042 
               
               
                 IFFI1043 
                 IFFI1045 
                 IFFI1048 
                 IFFI1049 
                 IFFI1050 
               
               
                 IFFI1052 
                 IFFI1059 
                 IFFI1060 
                 IFFI1062 
                 IFFI1063 
               
               
                 IFFI1202 
                 IFFI1203 
                 IFFI1206 
                 IFFI1209 
                 IFFI1210 
               
               
                 IFFI12II 
                 IFFI1212 
                 IFFI1213 
                 IFFI1214 
                 IFFI1215 
               
               
                 IFFI1220 
                 IFFI1221 
                 IFFI1224 
                 IFFI1247 
                 IFFI1248 
               
               
                 IFFI1251 
                 IFFI1270 
                 IFFI1277 
                 IFFI1287 
                 IFFI1289 
               
               
                 IFFI1290 
                 IFFI1291 
                 IFFI1292 
                 IFFI1293 
                 IFFI1297 
               
               
                 IFFI1300 
                 IFFI1301 
                 IFFI1302 
                 IFFI1307 
                 IFFI1308 
               
               
                 IFFI1309 
                 IFFI1310 
                 IFFI1311 
                 IFFI1331 
                 IFFI1335 
               
               
                 IFFI1336 
                 1FFI1337 
                 IFFI1338 
                 IFFI1339 
                 IFFI1340 
               
               
                 IFFI1345 
                 IFFI1348 
                 IFFI1396 
                 IFFI1397 
                 1FFI1399 
               
               
                 IFFI1411 
                 IFFI1413 
                 IFFI1441 
                 IFFI1443 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces cerevisiae  Hansen Var.  ellipsoideus  (Hansen) Dekker 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2043 
                 AS2.2 
                 AS2.3 
                 AS2.8 
                 AS2.53 
               
               
                 AS2.163 
                 AS2.168 
                 AS2.483 
                 AS2.541 
                 AS2.559 
               
               
                 AS2.606 
                 AS2.607 
                 AS2.611 
                 AS2.612 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces chevalieri  Guilliermond 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.131 
                 AS2.213 
               
             
          
           
               
                 
                   Saccharomyces delbrueckii 
                 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.285 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces delbrueckii  Lindner ver.  mongolicus  (Saito) 
               
               
                 Lodder et van Rij 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.209 
                 AS2.1157 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces exiguous  Hansen 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.349 
                 AS2.1158 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces fermentati  (Saito) Lodder et van Rij 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.286 
                 AS2.343 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces logos  van laer et Denamur ex Jorgensen 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.156 
                 AS2.327 
                 AS2.335 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces mellis  (Fabian et Quinet) Lodder et kreger van Rij 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.195 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces mellis  Microellipsoides Osterwalder 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.699 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces oviformis  Osteralder 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.100 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces rosei  (Guilliermond) Lodder et Kreger van Rij 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.287 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces rouxii  Boutroux 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.178 
                 AS2.180 
                 AS2.370 
                 AS2.371 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces sake  Yabe 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2045 
               
             
          
           
               
                 
                   Candida arborea 
                 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.566 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Candida lambica  (Lindner et Genoud) van. Uden et Buckley 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.1182 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Candida krusei  (Castellani) Berkhout 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.1045 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Candida lipolytica  (Harrison) Diddens et Lodder 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.1207 
                 AS2.1216 
                 AS2.1220 
                 AS2.1379 
                 AS2.1398 
               
               
                 AS2.1399 
                 AS2.1400 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Candida parapsilosis  (Ashford) Langeron et Talice Var.  intermedia   
               
               
                 Van Rij et Verona 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.491 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Candida parapsilosis  (Ashford) Langeron et Talice 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.590 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Candida pulcherrima  (Lindner) Windisch 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.492 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Candida rugousa  (Anderson) Diddens et Lodder 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.511 
                 AS2.1367 
                 AS2.1369 
                 AS2.1372 
                 AS2.1373 
               
               
                 AS2.1377 
                 AS2.1378 
                 AS2.1384 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Candida tropicalis  (Castellani) Berkhout 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2004 
                 ACCC2005 
                 ACCC2006 
                 AS2.164 
                 AS2.402 
               
               
                 AS2.564 
                 AS2.565 
                 AS2.567 
                 AS2.568 
                 AS2.617 
               
               
                 AS2.637 
                 AS2.1387 
                 AS2.1397 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Candida utilis  Henneberg Lodder et Kreger Van Rij 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.120 
                 AS2.281 
                 AS2.1180 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Crebrothecium ashbyii  (Guillermond) 
               
               
                 Routein ( Eremothecium ashbyii  Guilliermond) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.481 
                 AS2.482 
                 AS2.1197 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Geotrichum candidum Link 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2016 
                 AS2.361 
                 AS2.498 
                 AS2.616 
                 AS2.1035 
               
               
                 AS2.1062 
                 AS2.1080 
                 AS2.1132 
                 AS2.1175 
                 AS2.1183 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Hansenula anomala  (Hansen)H et P sydow 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2018 
                 AS2.294 
                 AS2.295 
                 AS2.296 
                 AS2.297 
               
               
                 AS2.298 
                 AS2.299 
                 AS2.300 
                 AS2.302 
                 AS2.338 
               
               
                 AS2.339 
                 AS2.340 
                 AS2.341 
                 AS2.470 
                 AS2.592 
               
               
                 AS2.641 
                 AS2.642 
                 AS2.782 
                 AS2.635 
                 AS2.794 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Hansenula arabitolgens  Fang 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.887 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Hansenula jadinii  (A. et R Sartory Weill et Meyer) Wickerham 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2019 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Hansenula saturnus  (Klocker) H et P sydow 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2020 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Hansenula schneggii  (Weber) Dekker 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.304 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Hansenula subpelliculosa  Bedford 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.740 
                 AS2.760 
                 AS2.761 
                 AS2.770 
                 AS2.783 
               
               
                 AS2.790 
                 AS2.798 
                 AS2.866 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Kloeckera apiculata  (Reess emend. Klocker) Janke 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2022 
                 ACCC2023 
                 AS2.197 
                 AS2.496 
                 AS2.714 
               
               
                 ACCC2021 
                 AS2.711 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Lipomycess starkeyi  Lodder et van Rij 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.1390 
                 ACCC2024 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Pichia farinosa  (Lindner) Hansen 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2025 
                 ACCC2026 
                 AS2.86 
                 AS2.87 
                 AS2.705 
               
               
                 AS2.803 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Pichia membranaefaciens  Hansen 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2027 
                 AS2.89 
                 AS2.661 
                 AS2.1039 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Rhodosporidium toruloides  Banno 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2028 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Rhodotorula glutinis  (Fresenius) Harrison 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.2029 
                 AS2.280 
                 ACCC2030 
                 AS2.102 
                 AS2.107 
               
               
                 AS2.278 
                 AS2.499 
                 AS2.694 
                 AS2.703 
                 AS2.704 
               
               
                 AS2.1146 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Rhodotorula minuta  (Saito) Harrison 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.277 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Rhodotorula rubar  (Demme) Lodder 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.21 
                 AS2.22 
                 AS2.103 
                 AS2.105 
                 AS2.108 
               
               
                 AS2.140 
                 AS2.166 
                 AS2.167 
                 AS2.272 
                 AS2.279 
               
               
                 AS2.282 
                 ACCC2031 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Rhodotorula aurantiaca  (Saito) Lodder 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.102 
                 AS2.107 
                 AS2.278 
                 AS2.499 
                 AS2.694 
               
               
                 AS2.703 
                 AS2.704 
                 AS2.1146 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces carlsbergensis  Hansen 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.113 
                 ACCC2032 
                 ACCC2033 
                 AS2.312 
                 AS2.116 
               
               
                 AS2.118 
                 AS2.121 
                 AS2.132 
                 AS2.162 
                 AS2.189 
               
               
                 AS2.200 
                 AS2.216 
                 AS2.265 
                 AS2.377 
                 AS2.417 
               
               
                 AS2.420 
                 AS2.440 
                 AS2.441 
                 AS2.443 
                 AS2.444 
               
               
                 AS2.459 
                 AS2.595 
                 AS2.605 
                 AS2.638 
                 AS2.742 
               
               
                 AS2.745 
                 AS2.748 
                 AS2.1042 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces uvarum  Beijer 
               
             
          
           
               
                 IFF11023 
                 IFFI1032 
                 IFFI1036 
                 1FFI1044 
                 IFFI1072 
               
               
                 IFFI1205 
                 IFFI1207 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomyces willianus  Saccardo 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.5 
                 AS2.7 
                 AS2.119 
                 AS2.152 
                 AS2.293 
               
               
                 AS2.381 
                 AS2.392 
                 AS2.434 
                 AS2.614 
                 AS2.1189 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Saccharomyces sp. 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.31 1 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomycodes ludwigii  Hansen 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2044 
                 AS2.243 
                 AS2.508 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Saccharomycodes sinenses  Yue 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.1395 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Schizosaccharomyces octosporus  Beijerinck 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2046 
                 AS2.1148 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Schizosaccharomyces pombe  Lindner 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2047 
                 ACCC2048 
                 AS2.214 
                 AS2.248 
                 AS2.249 
               
               
                 AS2.255 
                 AS2.257 
                 AS2.259 
                 AS2.260 
                 AS2.274 
               
               
                 AS2.994 
                 AS2.1043 
                 AS2.1149 
                 AS2.1178 
                 IFFI1056 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Sporobolomyces roseus  Kluyver et van Niel 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2049 
                 ACCC2050 
                 AS2.19 
                 AS2.962 
                 AS2.1036 
               
               
                 ACCC2051 
                 AS2.261 
                 AS2.262 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Torulopsis candida  (Saito) Lodder 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.270 
                 ACCC2052 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Torulopsis famta  (Harrison) Lodder et van Rij 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2053 
                 AS2.685 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Torulopsis globosa  (Olson et Hammer) Lodder et van Rij 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2054 
                 AS2.202 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Torulopsis inconspicua  Lodder et Kreger van Rij 
               
             
          
           
               
                 AS2.75 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Trichosporon behrendii  Lodder et. Kreger van Rij 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2056 
                 AS2.1193 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Trichosporon capitatum  Diddens et Lodder 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2056 
                 AS2.1385 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Trichosporon cutaneum  (de Beurm et al.) Ota 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2057 
                 AS2.25 
                 AS2.570 
                 AS2.571 
                 AS2.1374 
               
             
          
           
               
                   Wickerhamia fluorescens  (Soneda) Soneda 
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCC2058 
                 AS2.1388 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     II. Application of Electromagnetic Fields 
     An electromagnetic field useful in this invention can be generated and applied by various means well known in the art. For instance, the EMF can be generated by applying an alternating electric field or an oscillating magnetic field. 
     Alternating electric fields can be applied to cell cultures through electrodes in direct contact with the culture medium, or through electromagnetic induction. See, e.g., FIG.  1 . Relatively high electric fields in the medium can be generated using a method in which the electrodes are in contact with the medium. Care must be taken to prevent electrolysis at the electrodes from introducing undesired ions into the culture and to prevent contact resistance, bubbles, or other features of electrolysis from dropping the field level below that intended. Electrodes should be matched to their environment, for example, using Ag-AgCl electrodes in solutions rich in chloride ions, and run at as low a voltage as possible. For general review, see Goodman et al.,  Effects of EMF on Molecules and Cells , International Review of Cytology, A Survey of Cell Biology, Vol. 158, Academic Press, 1995. 
     The EMFs useful in this invention can also be generated by applying an oscillating magnetic field. An oscillating magnetic field can be generated by oscillating electric currents going through Helmholtz coils. Such a magnetic field in turn induces an electric field. 
     The frequencies of EMFs useful in this invention range from about 18000 MHZ to 18500 MHZ. Exemplary frequencies include 18205, 18211, 18217, 18223, and 18227 MHZ. The field strength of the electric field useful in this invention ranges from about 100 to 450 mV/cm (e.g., 100-150, 210-260, 300-340, or 380-420 mV/cm). Exemplary field strengths include 240, 248, 408, 415, and 315 mV/cm. 
     When a series of EMFs are applied to a yeast culture, the yeast culture can remain in the same container while the same set of EMF generator and emitters is used to change the frequency and/or field strength. The EMFs in the series can each have a different frequency or a different field strength; or a different frequency and a different field strength. Such frequencies and field strengths are preferably within the above-described ranges. Although any practical number of EMFs can be used in a series, it may be preferred that the yeast culture be exposed to a total of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 EMFs in a series. 
     Although the yeast cells can be activated after even a few hours of culturing in the presence of an EMF, it may be preferred that the activated yeast cells be allowed to multiply and grow in the presence of the EMF(s) for a total of 40-100 hours. 
     FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary apparatus for generating alternating electric fields. An electric field of a desired frequency and intensity can be generated by an AC source (3) capable of generating an alternating electric field, preferably in a sinusoidal wave form, in the frequency range of 5 to 20,000 MHZ. Signal generators capable of generating signals with a narrower frequency range can also be used. If desired, a signal amplifier can also be used to increase the output. The culture container (2) can be made from a non-conductive material, e.g., glass, plastic or ceramic. The cable connecting the culture container (2) and the signal generator (3) is preferably a high frequency coaxial cable with a transmission frequency of at least 30 GHz. 
     The alternating electric field can be applied to the culture by a variety of means, including placing the yeast culture (1) in close proximity to the signal emitters such as a metal wire or tube capable of transmitting EMFs. The metal wire or tube can be made of red copper, and be placed inside the container (2), reaching as deep as 3-30 cm. For example, if the fluid in the container (2) has a depth of 15-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-50 cm, 50-70 cm, 70-100 cm, 100-150 cm or 150-200 cm, the metal wire can be 3-5 cm, 5-7 cm, 7-10 cm, 10-15 cm, 15-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 25-30 cm from the bottom of the container (2), respectively. The number of metal wires/tubes used can be from 1 to 10 (e.g., 2 to 3). It is recommended, though not mandated, that for a culture having a volume up to 10 L, metal wires/tubes having a diameter of 0.5 to 2 mm be used. For a culture having a volume of 10-100 L, metal wires/tubes having a diameter of 3 to 5 mm can be used. For a culture having a volume of 100-1000 L, metal wires/tubes having a diameter of 6 to 15 mm can be used. For a culture having a volume greater than 1000 L, metal wires/tubes having a diameter of 20-25 mm can be used. 
     In one embodiment, the electric field is applied by electrodes submerged in the culture (1). In this embodiment, one of the electrodes can be a metal plate placed on the bottom of the container (2), and the other electrode can comprise a plurality of electrode wires evenly distributed in the culture (1) so as to achieve even distribution of the electric field energy. The number of electrode wires used depends on the volume of the culture as well as the diameter of the wires. 
     III. Culture Media 
     Culture media useful in this invention contain sources of nutrients that can be assimilated by yeast cells. Complex carbon-containing substances in a suitable form (e.g., carbohydrates such as sucrose, glucose, dextrose, maltose and xylose) can be the carbon sources for yeast cells. The exact quantity of the carbon sources can be adjusted in accordance with the other ingredients of the medium. In general, the amount of carbohydrate varies between about 0.1% and 10% by weight of the medium and preferably between about 0.1% and 5%, and most preferably about 2%. These carbon sources can be used individually or in combination. Amino acid-containing substances such as beef extract and peptone can also be added. In general, the amount of amino acid containing substances varies between about 0.1% and 1% by weight of the medium and preferably between about 0.1% and 0.5%. Among the inorganic salts which can be added to a culture medium are the customary salts capable of yielding sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, sulfate, carbonate, and like ions. Non-limiting examples of nutrient inorganic salts are (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , CaCO 3 , KH 2 PO 4 , K 2 HPO 4 , MgSO 4 , NaCl, and CaSO 4 . 
     IV. Electromagnetic Activation of Yeast Cells 
     To activate or enhance the ability of yeast cells to produce agents beneficial for the gastrointestinal system, these cells can be cultured in an appropriate medium under sterile conditions at 20-35° C. (e.g., 28-32° C.) for a sufficient amount of time (e.g., 10-150 hours) in an alternating electric field or a series of alternating electric fields as described above. 
     An exemplary set-up of the culture process is depicted in FIG. 1 (see above). An exemplary culture medium contains the following per 1000 ml of sterile water: 20 g of sucrose, 40 μg of Vitamin B1, 50 μg of Vitamin B6, 0.2 g of KH 2 PO 4 , 0.2 g of MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, 0.25 g of NaCl, 0.1 g of CaSO 4 .2H 2 O, 3 g of CaCO 3 .5H 2 O, and 2.5 g of peptone. Yeast cells of the desired strain(s) are then added to the culture medium to form a mixture containing 1×10 8  cells per 1000 ml of culture medium. The yeast cells can be of any of the strains listed in Table 1. The mixture is then added to the apparatus shown in FIG.  1 . 
     The activation process of the yeast cells involves the following steps: (1) maintaining the temperature of the activation apparatus at 24-33° C. (e.g., 28-32° C.), and culturing the yeast cells for 30-42 hours (e.g., 38 hours); (2) applying an alternating electric field having a frequency of 18205 MHZ and a field strength of 210-260 mV/cm (e.g., 239-241 mV/cm) for 13-20 hours (e.g., 15 hours); (3) then applying an alternating electric field having a frequency of 18211 MHZ and a field strength of 220-260 mV/cm (e.g., 247-249 mV/cm) for 15-25 hours (e.g., 19 hours); (4) then applying an alternating electric field having a frequency of 18217 MHZ and a field strength of 380-420 mV/cm (e.g., 406-410 mV/cm) for 20-30 hours (e.g., 25 hours); (5) then applying an alternating electric field having a frequency of 18223 MHZ and a field strength of 380-420 mV/cm (e.g., 413-417 mV/cm) for 9-12 hours (e.g., 10 hours); and (6) then applying an alternating electric field having a frequency of 18227 MHZ and a field strength of 300-330 mV/cm (e.g., 313-317 mV/cm) for 9-12 hours (e.g., 10 hours). The activated yeast cells are then recovered from the culture medium by various methods known in the art, dried (e.g., by lyophilization) and stored at 4° C. Preferably, the concentration of the dried yeast cells are no less than 10 10  cells/g. 
     V. Acclimatization of Yeast Cells to the Gastric Environment 
     Because the yeast compositions of this invention must pass through the stomach before reaching the small intestine, where the effective components are released from these yeast cells, it is preferred that these yeast cells be cultured under acidic conditions to acclimatize the cells to the gastric juice. This acclimatization process results in better viability of the yeast cells in the acidic gastric environment. 
     To achieve this, the yeast powder containing activated yeast cells can be mixed with a highly acidic acclimatizing culture medium at 10 g (containing more than 10 10  activated cells per gram) per 1000 ml. The yeast mixture is then cultured first in the presence of an alternating electric field having a frequency of 18223 MHZ and a field strength of 390-420 mV/cm (e.g., 403-407 mV/cm) at about 28 to 32° C. for 25 to 48 hours (e.g., 46 hours). The resultant yeast cells can then be further incubated in the presence of an alternating electric field having a frequency of 18227 MHZ and a field strength of 300-330 mV/cm (e.g., 315-319 mV/cm) at about 28 to 32° C. for 15 to 25 hours (e.g., 20 hours). The resulting acclimatized yeast cells are then either dried and stored in powder form (≧10 10  cells/g) at room temperature or in vacuum at 0-4° C. 
     An exemplary acclimatizing culture medium is made by mixing 700 ml fresh pig gastric juice and 300 ml wild Chinese hawthorn extract. The pH of the acclimatizing culture medium is adjusted to 2.5 with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and/or 0.2 M potassium biphthalate (C 6 H 4 (COOK)COOH). The fresh pig gastric juice is prepared as follows. At about 4 months of age, newborn Holland white pigs are sacrificed, and the entire contents of their stomachs are retrieved and mixed with 2000 ml of water under sterile conditions. The mixture is then allowed to stand for 6 hours at 4° C. under sterile conditions to precipitate food debris. The supernatant is collected for use in the acclimatizing culture medium. To prepare the wild Chinese hawthorn extract, 500 g of fresh wild Chinese hawthorn is dried under sterile conditions to reduce water content (≦8%). The dried fruit is then ground (≧20 mesh) and added to 1500 ml of sterile water. The hawthorn slurry is allowed to stand for 6 hours at 4° C. under sterile conditions. The hawthorn supernatant is collected to be used in the acclimatizing culture medium. 
     VI. Manufacture of Yeast Compositions 
     To manufacture the yeast compositions of the invention, an apparatus depicted in FIG. 2 or an equivalent thereof can be used. This apparatus includes three containers, a first container (1), a second container (2), and a third container (3), each equipped with a pair of electrodes (4). One of the electrodes is a metal plate placed on the bottom of the containers, and the other electrode comprises a plurality of electrode wires evenly distributed in the space within the container to achieve even distribution of the electric field energy. All three pairs of electrodes are connected to a common signal generator. 
     The culture medium used for this purpose is a mixed fruit extract solution containing the following ingredients per 1000 L: 300 L of wild Chinese hawthorn extract, 300 L ofjujube extract, 300 L of Wu Wei Zi ( Schisandra chinensis  (Turez) Baill seeds) extract, and 100 L of soy bean extract. To prepare hawthorn, jujube and Wu Wei Zi extracts, the fresh fruits are washed and dried under sterile conditions to reduce the water content to no higher than 8%. One hundred kilograms of the dried fruits are then ground (≧20 mesh) and added to 400 L of sterile water. The mixtures are stirred under sterile conditions at room temperature for twelve hours, and then centrifuged at 1000 rpm to remove insoluble residues. To make the soy bean extract, fresh soy beans are washed and dried under sterile conditions to reduce the water content to no higher than 8%. Thirty kilograms of dried soy beans are then ground into particles of no smaller than 20 mesh, and added to 130 L of sterile water. The mixture is stirred under sterile conditions at room temperature for twelve hours and then centrifuged at 1000 rpm to remove insoluble residues. To make the culture medium, these extracts are mixed according to the above recipe, and the mixture is autoclaved at 121° C. for 30 minutes and cooled to below 40° C. before use. 
     One thousand grams of the activated yeast powder prepared as described above (Section V, supra) is added to 1000 L of the mixed fruit extract solution, and the yeast solution is transferred to the first container (1) shown in FIG.  2 . The yeast cells are then cultured in the presence of an altemating electric field having a frequency of 18223 MHZ and a field strength of about 390-420 mV/cm (e.g., 403-407 mV/cm) at 28-32° C. under sterile conditions for 16 hours. The yeast cells are further incubated in an alternating electric field having a frequency of 18227 MHZ and a field strength of 320-350 mV/cm (e.g., 333-337 mV/cm). The culturing continues for another 12 hours. 
     The yeast culture is then transferred from the first container (1) to the second container (2) which contains 1000 L of culture medium (if need be, a new batch of yeast culture can be started in the now available first container (1)), and subjected to an alternating electric field having a frequency of 18223 MHZ and a field strength of 200-220 mV/cm (e.g., 206-210 mV/cm) for 10 hours. Subsequently the frequency and field strength of the electric field are changed to 18227 MHZ and 210-230 mV/cm (e.g., 213-217 mV/cm), respectively. The culturing continues for another ten hours. 
     The yeast culture is then transferred from the second container (2) to the third container (3) which contains 1000 L of culture medium, and subjected to an alternating electric field having a frequency of 18223 MHZ and a field strength of 90-110 mV/cm (e.g., 104-108 mV/cm) for 12 hours. Subsequently the frequency and field strength of the electric field are changed to 18227 MHZ and 100-120 mV/cm (e.g., 103-107 mV/cm), respectively. The culturing continues for another 8 hours. 
     The yeast culture from the third container (3) can then be packaged into vacuum sealed bottles for use as dietary supplement, e.g., health drinks. If desired, the final yeast culture can also be dried within 24 hours and stored in powder form. The dietary supplement can be taken three to four times daily at 30-60 ml/dose for a three-month period, preferably 10-30 minutes before meals and at bedtime. 
     In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention can also be administered intravenously or peritoneally in the form of a sterile injectable preparation. Such a sterile preparation can be prepared as follows. A sterilized health drink composition is first treated under ultrasound (1000 Hz) for 10 minutes and then centrifuged at 4355 g for another 10 minutes. The resulting supernatant is adjusted to pH 7.2-7.4 using 1 M NaOH and subsequently filtered through a membrane (0.22 μm for intravenous injection and 0.45 μm for peritoneal injection) under sterile conditions. The resulting sterile preparation is submerged in a 35-38° C. water bath for 30 minutes before use. 
     The yeast compositions of the present invention are derived from yeasts used in food and pharmaceutical industries. The yeast compositions are thus devoid of side effects associated with many pharmaceutical compounds 
     VII. EXAMPLES 
     The following examples are meant to illustrate the methods and materials of the present invention. Suitable modifications and adaptations of the described conditions and parameters which are obvious to those skilled in the art are within the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
     The activated yeast compositions used in the following experiments were prepared as described above, using  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  Hansen AS2.560 cells cultured in the presence of an alternating electric field having the electric field frequency and field strength exemplified in the parentheses following the recommended ranges listed in Section IV, supra. Control yeast compositions were those prepared in the same manner except that the yeast cells were cultured in the absence of EMFs. Unless otherwise indicated, the yeast compositions and the corresponding controls were administered to the animals by intragastric feeding. 
     Example 1 
     Serum Glutamate-pyruvate Transaminase Activity 
     Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) normally is expressed in hepatocytes. When the liver tissue undergoes necrosis or is otherwise damaged, GPT is released into the blood stream, elevating the level of serum GPT. Thus, the serum GPT level is one of the important indicators of liver functions. 
     In this study, 32 Wistar rats (170-200 g, 8-10 months old) were divided into 4 groups, each having 4 females and 4 males. Rats in group A were each given 3 ml of the activated yeast composition once daily for 8 days. On days 1 and 5, the rats were also injected with 5 mg of carbon tetrachloride per kilogram body weight. Rats in groups B and C were treated in the same manner except that the rats were given the control yeast composition and saline, respectively, in lieu of the activated yeast composition. Rats in group D were treated in the same manner as group C except that no carbon tetrachloride was administered. On day 8, the rats were sacrificed, and their blood was drawn to determine serum GPT levels. 
     To do so, 0.1 ml of serum from each animal was mixed with 0.5 ml of the glutamate-pyruvate substrate solution (1 M) and incubated in a 37° C. water bath for 30 minutes. Then 0.5 ml of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine was added and the incubation continued for another 20 minutes. Finally 5 ml of 0.4 M NaOH was added. The control reaction was prepared in the same manner except that the serum was added immediately after, not before, the 30 minute incubation step. The optical density of the sample was measured at 520 nm, using the control reaction for calibration. The GPT concentration was determined by using a standard curve. The data are shown in Table 2 below. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Group 
                 Number of animals 
                 Serum GTP 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 A 
                 8 
                  61.3 ± 18.64 
               
               
                 B 
                 8 
                  279.6 ± 132.38 
               
               
                 C 
                 8 
                  288.5 ± 126.83 
               
               
                 D 
                 8 
                 101.6 ± 32.07 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The data demonstrate that the activated yeast composition significantly restored serum GPT to normal levels in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. 
     Example 2 
     Activity of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase 
     Serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) is produced mainly by the liver. The level of serum AP is an indicator of the liver health, with an elevated level suggesting an unhealthy liver. 
     In this study, 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats (120-150 g) were divided into 4 equal groups. Rats in group A were each given 3 ml of the activated yeast composition daily for 13 days. Every three days during this time period, the animals were also injected with 2 mg of liquid paraffin containing 15% carbon tetrachloride per kg body weight (four times total). Rats in groups B and C were treated in the same manner, except that they were given the control yeast composition and saline, respectively, in lieu of the activated yeast composition. Rats in group D were treated in the same manner as group C except that no paraffin injection was made. 
     On day 13, after the last CCl 4  injection, the animals were fasted for 16 hours. Then the animals were sacrificed, and their serum GPT and AP levels determined. GPT levels were determined as described above. To determine AP levels, 0.1 ml of serum from the animal was mixed with 4 ml of the AP substrate solution and incubated in a 37° C. water bath for 7 minutes. Then 1 ml of 0.6% 4-AAP (alanine aminopeptidase) and 1 ml of 4.8% K 3 Fe(CN) 6  were added. The standard was prepared in the same manner except that PHEN standard solution was used in lieu of serum. For blank control, no serum or PHEN solution was added. 
     The optical density of the sample was then measured at 500 nm, using the blank control to calibrate the spectrophotometer. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was calculated as [(OD of test sample)/(OD of standard)]×10. The experimental data are shown in Table 3 below. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Serum GPT 
                 AP (units/ 
                 Liver weight 
               
               
                   
                 Number of 
                 (units/ml 
                 100 ml 
                 (g/100 g 
               
               
                 Group 
                 Animals 
                 serum) 
                 serum) 
                 body weight 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 A 
                 8 
                  42.2 ± 19.4 
                 33.6 ± 5.2 
                 3.81 ± 0.21 
               
               
                 B 
                 8 
                 162.9 ± 78.3 
                 55.9 ± 7.2 
                 5.07 ± 0.19 
               
               
                 C 
                 8 
                 167.4 ± 89.5 
                 57.4 ± 5.5 
                 5.19 ± 0.25 
               
               
                 D 
                 8 
                 27.3 ± 7.3 
                  42.2 ± 12.0 
                 3.72 ± 0.30 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     These results indicate that, unlike the control yeast composition, the activated yeast composition of this invention normalized serum GPT and AP levels in rats injected with liver-damaging agents. 
     Example 3 
     Activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase 5 
     An elevated level of lactate dehydrogenase 5 (LDH-5) often accompanies hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus. In this experiment, the effectiveness of the activated yeast composition in treating hepatitis in a mouse model was assessed. 
     Liver extract prepared from hybrid mice was used to immunize pure-bred mice to induce chronic hepatitis. Specifically, livers from hybrid mice were minced and centrifuged in a refrigerated centrifuge at 10,000 g for 30 minutes. The supernatant was collected and mixed with Freund&#39;s complete adjuvant to form an emulsion for injection into newly weaned male C57BL mice. 
     Forty newly weaned C57BL mice were divided into four equal groups. Mice in group A were each administered 1 ml of the activated yeast composition daily for 9 weeks. During the first five weeks, the mice were each injected with 0.1 ml of the liver extract emulsion twice weekly. During the remaining four weeks, the injection was administered once weekly. Mice in groups B and C were treated in the same manner, except that the control yeast composition and saline, respectively, were used in lieu of the activated yeast composition. Mice in group D were treated in the same manner as group C, except that no injection of liver emulsion was administered. 
     Twenty-four hours after the last day of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and their blood sera were collected. LDH-5 was isolated from the serum using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. And the CICs (circulating immune complexes) were measured by PEG (polyethylene glycol) precipitation method. The results are shown in Table 4 below. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Number of 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Group 
                 Animals 
                 LDH-5 (ug/L) 
                 CLC OD 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 A 
                 10 
                 61 ± 5.21 
                 0.025 ± 0.003 
               
               
                   
                 B 
                 10 
                 94 ± 7.31 
                 0.059 ± 0.007 
               
               
                   
                 C 
                 10 
                 93 ± 6.41 
                 0.061 ± 0.007 
               
               
                   
                 D 
                 10 
                 58 ± 2.47 
                 0.023 ± 0.002 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     These data demonstrate that the activated yeast composition arkedly reduced serum LDH-5 and CLC levels in mice with induced hepatitis, as compared to control. 
     While a number of embodiments of this invention have been set forth, it is apparent that the basic constructions may be altered to provide other embodiments which utilize the compositions and methods of this invention.