Abstract:
The present invention is directed to providing a system and method for using pre-established sub-networks within a larger network to improve the efficiency of transmitting media. Specifically, the current invention eliminates the need to re transmit a particular medium from its source to a sub-network. In using pre-established sub-networks, the present invention avoids the capital outlay that would be necessary to set up an infrastructure for new sub-networks.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application is related to co-pending, and commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/683,304, Attorney Docket No. 66816/P012US/10609934, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LINKING UTILITY CONTROL DEVICES;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/683,327, Attorney Docket No. 66816/P013US/10609935, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INFRASTRUCTURE REPORTING;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/683,298, Attorney Docket No. 66816/P014US/10614006, entitled “LIGHT SWITCH USED AS A COMMUNICATION DEVICE;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/683,308, Attorney Docket No. 66816/P015US/10614005, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREMISES MONITORING USING WEIGHT DETECTION;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/683,326, Attorney Docket No. 66816/P016US/10614296, entitled “ANTICIPATORY UTILITY CONTROL DEVICE;” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/683,335, Attorney Docket No. 66816/P017US/10614295, entitled “PLUG AND PLAY UTILITY CONTROL MODULES;” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/683,354, Attorney Docket No. 66816/P018US/10701603, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUBSTITUTING DATA IN RESPONSES TO INTERNET INQUIRIES,” the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    This disclosure is directed to the delivery of media within a network in an efficient manner. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Traditional systems of distributing media such as movies, music, photographs etc. by mail or through retail stores are being supplemented and supplanted by distribution of these media via networks such as the Internet. Using the Internet for distribution eliminates mailing, transportation and retailing costs and in many respects is more efficient than traditional distribution systems. 
         [0004]    Entities that distribute media via the Internet typically have web pages listing the various media available for download. Users access these web pages, make their selections, provide payment (usually by credit card) and then down load the selected media to their personal communication device. Depending on the location of the Media Company&#39;s server that stores the media and the location of the user, the media may have to be transmitted a long distance. 
         [0005]    For example, if a company leasing movies via the Internet has its server in California, a movie requested by a user in New York, say movie Y, must be transmitted from California via the Internet to New York. While the transmission by Internet is more efficient than the traditional means of delivery, transmitting movie Y from California to New York each time a user in New York requests movie Y is not efficient. In other words, if one hundred New York neighbors of that first person to request movie Y subsequently request movie Y, then movie Y will be transmitted from California to New York another one hundred times consuming one hundred times more bandwidth over shared long distance network resources than if the media were redistributed locally in New York. Further, the company leasing movies must purchase sufficient bandwidth for each transmission and also verify that each movie is authorized for viewing by each user. These recurring bandwidth and authorization costs are a major component of ongoing overhead costs. 
         [0006]    Consider the circumstance where many end-user satellite stations (e.g., personal computers, multi-media systems, television sets, audio players) all try to simultaneously download a large file from a central server, e.g. when a popular new movie, audio album, or software upgrade is released. Note: although these are different media types/files destined for different end-user satellite stations, they often share the same backbone network for media transport purposes (e.g., the Internet). This then tends to drive at least two critical phenomena: the primary data pipes become saturated; and, the server becomes overloaded. In either case, the media delivery data rate each end-user satellite station receives from the server tends towards zero. Further, when the server and/or network is overloaded, new end-user satellite stations are denied access to the server and/or experience complete media access failure because of packet losses and time-out failures. Therefore it is not uncommon for popular media downloads to take many (tens of) hours or longer. Obviously, delays of this magnitude do not allow for “on-demand” media delivery. 
         [0007]    On its face, it would seem more efficient for Media Company to create satellite or re-transmission stations to serve local communities by delivering media to these satellite stations, then these satellite stations would in turn distribute the media to local communities. However, considering a media company that distributes movies, it would not be cost effective for such a media company to create satellite or re-transmission points, solely for distributing movies. 
         [0008]    Unlike Peer to Peer (P2P) networking systems (e.g., BitTorrent), which is a method of distributing large amounts of data widely without the original distributor incurring the whole of the corresponding costs of hardware, hosting and bandwidth resources, this application focuses on the ability of gateway systems to establish their own gateway networks, where any gateway system can become a server to (numerous) other clients. For background, BitTorrent is a P2P network were instead of the Media Company or its distributor alone services each recipient (as with most online stores such as iTunes, Amazon, etc.), under BitTorrent the recipients each also supply data to newer recipients over pre-established ISP networks, thus significantly reducing the cost and burden on any given individual source as well as providing redundancy against system problems, and reducing dependence upon the original distributor. The challenge with BitTorrent-like systems is that although they send bits of data from numerous servers, they do not: 
         [0009]    1) Send data chunks “in order” meaning that BitTorrent cannot be used to stream media data—the entire file must first be downloaded before it can be used. This is a very serious problem that significantly reduces the commercial appeal of BitTorrent-like offerings in our ‘on-demand’ world. In the current invention, because the data is controlled and therefore can be deconstructed into numbered and indexed pieces, the management of the indexed pieces could be replicated over gateway servers, where the requesting gateway could manage and control the reconstruction of the media file from more than one sending server in order to provide streaming media. 
         [0010]    2) Intentionally try to minimize bandwidth requirements. In fact BitTorrent-like systems try to find the fastest servers (and many of them) without regard for bandwidth impacts and costs. The “neighbor” nodes are not chosen based on closest nodes but rather those nodes that are available no matter where they might be geographically. Although this is far more efficient because each node of potentially many can act as a server and therefore have potentially higher availability, if nodes are geographically distant (often the case) bandwidth requirements and costs can actually increase. The problem is that the increase is rarely the problem of the end-user, but rather the problem of the ISP or Media Company. For this reason, among others BitTorrent is used primarily for sending pirated files. 
         [0011]    3) Provide for automatic creation of new “gateway networks”. What this means is that all other systems rely completely on the routing systems of the Internet and must run through ISPs. Although this application uses ISP networks as well, it does so to reduce network distances. But the real benefit here is that the gateway systems of this application (which are normally part of a predetermined regional ISP network and also normally part of a premise network) have extra communications capabilities that can be used to establish new, on-demand, gateway-to-gateway networks which can overlap many regional ISP networks. These overlapping newly created, on-demand, networks can therefore provide many new routes to other premise networks and to other regional networks which are on the Internet. Therefore, because of the underlying ability to control and distribute media through predetermined premise and regional (ISP) fixed networks AND the ability to create new “on-demand” gateway networks that overlap with the regional and premise networks it becomes reasonable to create and control a new “shortest path” link between the media and the requesting end-user devices. 
         [0012]    4) Assign specific dedicated servers. In a BitTorrent community, all machines are peers with no one machine acting to control or authorize the media transaction. In one embodiment of this invention, all gateway machines that are to become temporary or permanent media servers are clearly assigned the task of serving media—there are normally no P2P functions that can cause last block deadlocks. Optionally, in another embodiment if there is any P2P function, it would only occur until and during the first iteration, when the gateway server is assembling the file for local distribution. Once the media file is complete on any gateway, that gateway can then become the server to other end-users deemed closest. Once the media file is on numerous close-by gateway servers a server and a route can be chosen to minimize gateway server load and network load (e.g., load balancing). 
         [0013]    5) Use gateway systems. Gateway systems are defined herein as systems that are persistent, meaning they are always on and which normally link or control access to a premise network or satellite stations thereby allowing them to share information and comply with certain protocols. Gateway servers are gateway systems that add “store and forward” capabilities and that can optionally provide alternate network routes (pathways). 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0014]    The present invention is directed to a system and method for using pre-established sub-networks within a larger network to improve the efficiency of transmitting media. Specifically, the current invention eliminates the need to repeatedly transmit a particular medium from its source to satellite stations. 
         [0015]    Advantage is taken of the fact that media transmitted from a media company&#39;s central server through the Internet are transmitted to the user through an existing sub-network, typically via a gateway-type system such as a hub, router, switch, set-top-box, access point or media center. Those sub-networks can be used for providing particular services to a community of user devices within the same region. An example of such a sub-network is the local network of a home or building, sometimes referred to as a “premise network”. The premise network is typically part of a larger higher level regional network that encompasses numerous premise networks. As previously described, access from the regional network to the premise network is performed by a “gateway system”, typically consisting of any of gateway, router, hub, switch, access point, set-top-box, media center, etc. Where the gateway system can also act as a data repository and server, the gateway system is sometimes called a “gateway server.” 
         [0016]    Numerous premise networks can be linked together under a larger higher level regional network most often organized under an Internet Service Provider (ISP) model where the provisioned data is supplied only through their regional servers. The typical ISP configuration is referred to as a “regional server to local client mode” network where the local client can be either a satellite station or a premise network gateway system. In contrast, when numerous gateway servers are optionally interconnected separately from their ISP(s) via separate network pathways into new “gateway networks”, the new network typically has the ability to assign any gateway server as a temporary persistent server to other interconnected satellite stations via their own (premise network) gateway servers. The new gateway networks are established so as to provide a high degree of overlap onto the largest number of pre-established regional networks, having the effect of providing the maximum number of alternate network pathways for media distribution. 
         [0017]    The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the invention, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0018]    For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which: 
           [0019]      FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of the current invention; 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of the current invention; 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of the current invention; and 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the operation of the current invention. 
       
    
    
     GENERAL DISCUSSION OF ASPECTS OF THE INVENTIVE CONCEPT 
       [0023]    The preferred embodiment is to allow each gateway system to communicate, via a separate communications channel, to other gateway servers within the region to establish the gateway network links described above. The separate communications channel can be either a hardware or software channel. For example, the gateway server can communicate within its own regional network to its designated ISP (e.g., via Cable or DSL modem) to use the Internet and/or it can use a separate communication channel (i.e. RF WiFi, Powerline Carrier) to establish the gateway network with the next gateway system. Note that a gateway server system or satellite station can be part of an ISP server-client mode regional network, a premise network, and a gateway network. 
         [0024]    Note also that gateway networks can bridge across more than one regional network and therefore can provide alternate routes, via alternate ISPs, to the Internet and to the Media Company&#39;s Central Servers and Billing/Media Control Systems. Gateway systems and satellite stations that are part of any gateway network that traverses more than one regional network (and therefore provisioned by numerous ISPs) can provide numerous alternate routes onto the Internet and can provide for significant opportunities to select the fastest and shortest routes between servers. The overlapping “shortest route” nature of the regional and gateway networks that serve the premise network also allow for dramatic improvements in data delivery performance and costs. In the event the data (or any useful portion thereof) already is on one or more of the premise network gateway servers within the regional or gateway network, other satellite stations can request the data from any applicable premise gateway server(s) thereby eliminating the need to send media repeatedly over long distances. 
         [0025]    Optionally, each time the satellite station requests new data from a gateway server other than its own, the closest gateway server with spare resources also stores the data for local retransmission, thereby eliminating the need to request the data from the same temporary primary gateway server and providing a useful form of load balancing. It should be noted that although an overlapping gateway network is preferred, the concepts described herein are also effective when using only numerous regional networks as these are typically much closer to each other and to the requesting satellite stations than the Media Company&#39;s Servers. 
         [0026]    One embodiment of the present invention uses the gateway server in a premise network to store media downloaded from Media Company&#39;s central server. The premise gateways or servers then serve as a local distribution point, for Media Company&#39;s media, by downloading the stored media to satellite user devices being served by the gateway server in the regional network, gateway network, or premise network. In one embodiment, the regional network, gateway network, or premise network performs the distribution function while the main server performs the billing, authorization, rights management, control functions, and encryption. Optionally, each gateway server also performs billing, authorization, rights management, control and encryption functions. 
         [0027]    This invention maximizes and balances the excess capacity of gateway systems for the purposes of reducing communications bandwidth requirements, reducing processing requirements, increasing network throughput, reducing network costs, increasing QoS, and improving the response times from Media Company servers to satellite stations using the following distinct (network and media server) methods: 
         [0028]    1) The invention uses a system and method of using numerous normally available (persistent) gateway systems as gateway servers to propagate relevant media closest to satellite stations making media requests. The invention also uses the store and forward capabilities of gateway servers already established for another purpose and increases the efficiency of downloading media without installing new dedicated gateway servers for media distribution within local networks. It should be noted that while the resources, both bandwidth and processing, at the Media Company&#39;s servers can often be completely exhausted, the gateway servers to premise networks that in turn serve end-user satellite stations, usually have ample spare capacity.
       a) This in effect creates/enables numerous gateway servers closest to the satellite stations without the requirement for satellite stations to become peer servers on the network (as with P2P networks). The benefit is that gateway servers are highly persistent whereas satellite stations are highly intermittent which means media server operations are highly reliable and repeatable (satellite stations that are servers, as with P2P methods, require reloading and republishing of media each time they enter the network, which significantly increases network load and costs).   b) This also significantly increases the likelihood of relevant media is closer and more responsive to satellite stations close-by. This in effect increases the efficiency of downloading media without installing new gateway servers for distribution of media within local networks.       
 
         [0031]    2) The invention uses a system and method of using pre-established regional networks from which to communicate to the persistent gateway servers of item 1, above. It does this by using regional networks already established for another purpose (e.g., ISP sub-networks). This in effect uses numerous pre-established regional networks (pre-determined physical pathways) to link numerous gateway servers and provides for performance of shortest path routing, fastest path routing, media load balancing, gateway load balancing, network load balancing, and Quality of Service (QoS) routing and management (e.g., for VoIP jitter and video streaming) over numerous pre-established regional networks. 
         [0032]    3) The invention uses a system and method of establishing new gateway networks that physically overlap the regional networks in 2, above. It does this by establishing (using another hardware/software network interface) alternate physical paths to other regional networks beyond the one originally pre-assigned to it. This in effect, creates numerous new physically overlapping gateway networks that provides for overlapping/redundant/shorter-path routes to the nearest/best gateway server that can provide relevant media. Further, these alternate and overlapping paths allow for significantly improved shortest path routing, fastest path routing, gateway load balancing, network load balancing, and Quality of Service (QoS) routing and management (e.g., for VoIP jitter and video streaming) over a manageable combination of regional and gateway networks. 
         [0033]    4) The invention uses a system and method of using pre-established regional networks from which to logically/systemically communicate to the persistent gateway servers of item 1, above. It does this by using regional networks already established for another purpose (e.g., ISP sub-networks). This in effect, allows for best (automatic) determination of logical redundant routes using physically pre-established ISP sub-networks to the nearest/most-efficient gateway server that can provide relevant media. Further, these logical redundant routes allow for significantly improved shortest path routing, fastest path routing, gateway load balancing, network load balancing, and Quality of Service (QoS) routing and management (e.g., for VoIP jitter and video streaming) over numerous physically pre-established regional networks. 
         [0034]    5) The invention uses a system and method of establishing new gateway networks that logically/systemically overlap the regional networks in 2, above. It does this by establishing (using another network interface) alternate logical paths to other regional networks beyond the one that originally assigned to it. This in effect, allows for best (automatic) determination of logical overlapping/redundant routes using new physical gateway networks to the nearest gateway server that can provide relevant media. Further, these alternate and overlapping paths allow for significantly improved shortest path routing, fastest path routing, gateway load balancing, network load balancing, and Quality of Service (QoS) routing and management (e.g., for VoIP jitter and video streaming) over a manageable combination of regional and gateway networks. 
         [0035]    6) The invention uses a system and method of requesting and pulling media data from any gateway server regardless of whether pre-established regional, newly established gateway, or any combination of these networks is used. 
         [0036]    7) This invention determines, uses and balances redundant/overlapping network pathways to increase the number of network routes to the nearest gateway server that contains media relevant to the requesting satellite station and to reduce network overhead (determines the best routes to minimize the bandwidth requirements and time the media file is traveling in the network). 
         [0037]    8) The invention uses a system and method of propagating a ranked list of the highest demand media files to all gateway servers within a specific network region. Only the highest demand media files are propagated automatically throughout the region whereas low demand media files are registered on a smaller subset of gateway servers (registry gateway servers) with excess resources. When any gateway server requests a popular media file for download, it already knows where to get it (it has the list of popular files and the best network pathways from where to get it). For media files not on the popular list it goes to the nearest registry gateway server which maintains a complete list of both popular and less popular media files up to its maximum memory capacity. For media files deemed unpopular (not otherwise registered in gateway servers), the media files will be downloaded from the Media Company&#39;s servers. Since this approach does not require a central network manager to maintain the exact state of each gateway server, it has the ability to scale well (and within a very small time period). 
         [0038]    9) The invention uses a system and method of requesting and pulling specific media data blocks from numerous gateway servers simultaneously, based on delivery performance, and reassembling these data blocks for the purpose of streaming media. In other words, unlike Peer-to-Peer protocols such as the popular BitTorrent, which must receive the entire media file before it can be used, this invention allows for streaming media which can be viewed as it streams in from the nearest gateway servers. 
         [0039]    10) The invention does not require a centralized management system for network configuration and network performance maximization. (network function (logical)) 
         [0040]    11) The invention does not require a centralized media management system for media downloads. Each gateway server can tailor its download strategy to the amount of locally available bandwidth, processing capacity, memory, and media priority. 
         [0041]    12) This invention uses and balances the excess capacity of gateway systems for the purposes of managing, disassembling into numerous fixed-size blocks, reassembling from numerous blocks, and streaming media files from the nearest gateway server. Successful downloads consist of reassembling these blocks in a data stream that allows partial (and completed) media files to operate at the requesting satellite station. The set of gateway servers that have already downloaded any particular media files form a non-random, organized “per media community” for that particular media and have the ability redirect traffic to other less stressed gateway servers within the community. Update messages of which gateway servers have all blocks are propagated automatically through the community, thereby reducing the classic “last block” problem, where all gateway servers (or their satellite stations) in the system have all but one block, and they all try to get the last block from the Media Company Server, dramatically impacting performance. With the update knowledge, each satellite station can either download a given block from a gateway server, or from the Media Company server. Update information for each community includes closest neighbor, all neighbors, addresses, ports, authorization/block-lists, hopcounts, node-degrees, etc. These form the basic information units that alert other gateway systems of new gateway servers joining the system, and optionally, who has which blocks where the media in any gateway server is still incomplete. 
         [0042]    13) This invention allows any gateway system to start and maintain its own media server and alternate network functions and to adapt and tailor its own gateway network to other gateway systems. The invention does not require a centralized management system to operate (although in some embodiments, it would be preferable to have centralized management as a parallel/backup/fallback system). 
         [0043]    14) This invention allows any gateway server to perform cryptography, virus/spyware scanning, media integrity checking, media authorization/deauthorization, and digital rights management. 
         [0044]    15) In this invention blocks served by gateway servers are downloaded before blocks served by the Media Company (source) servers. When multiple gateway servers have the same block, the closest (shortest pathway) gateway server that still meets minimum performance specifications is chosen. Minimum performance specifications include: gateway server and network pathway load (overload, underload, at load), jitter, latency, etc. Gateway systems that can act as gateway servers only connect to other gateway servers if they have excess capacity, if they do not have the latest local high volume media, and if a satellite station connected to it requests a media file that is otherwise not available within the region. In this way the load on the Media Company server can be reduced significantly independent of the number of gateway servers and independent of any centralized control system. More importantly, the network load, the associated cost of media delivery and the lag times for media delivery are dramatically reduced. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0045]      FIG. 1  is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of the current invention showing a gateway system within a premise network  10 . Premise network  10  comprises a gateway  101 . Gateway  101  includes memory  101 -A, processor  101 -B and communications  101 -C. Gateway  101  links or controls access of satellite stations (user devices)  102 - 110  to a network  112 . 
         [0046]    In operation, for example, media down loaded to satellite station  102 , from network  112 , may be intercepted by gateway  101  and stored in memory  101 -A, prior to download to  102 . Subsequent to media being stored in memory  101 -A, the media is also available to the other satellite stations in premise network  10 , i.e. satellite stations  103 - 110 , from memory  101 -A. This avoids the need to download media, already stored in memory  101 -A, from the more distant network  112 . Thus, the need for media re transmission (and its attendant resources), from the network  112  to premise network  10 , is avoided by storing the media in gateway  101  the first time the media enters the premise network  10 . 
         [0047]      FIG. 2  is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of the current invention showing a gateway network system  11 . Gateway network system  11  includes several premise networks  10 ,  20 ,  30 ,  40  and  50 . Along with the premise networks, gateway system  11  may also include gateway networks  70  and  80 . The premise networks are in communication with each other via gateways  101 ,  201 ,  301 ,  401  and  501 . The gateway networks are in communication with each other via gateways  701  and  801 . Gateways  701  and  801  are also in communication with premise network gateways  101 ,  201 ,  301 ,  401  and  501 . 
         [0048]    In operation, for example, media may be stored in memory  101 -A as a result of the process described above with regard to a gateway system within a premise network. As discussed above, such media is available to satellite stations in premise network  10 . Additionally, however, because premise network  10  is part of a gateway network, any media stored in  101 -A is also available to all the satellite stations connected to gateway  101 . Therefore, satellite stations in the other premise networks served by gateways  201 ,  301 ,  401  and  501  and satellite stations in gateway networks served by gateways  701  and  801  may receive media stored in memory  101 -A. Consequently, the storage of media in gateway  101  eliminates the need for that media to be downloaded from more distant sources than gateway  101 . Bandwidth costs and transmission costs are therefore saved if the media stored in gateway  101  is downloaded by any satellite station served by gateways in communication with gateway  101  (i.e. gateways  201 ,  301 ,  401 ,  501 ,  601 ,  701  and  801 ). 
         [0049]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment  12  of the current invention showing a gateway network system interfacing with regional networks and a media server. As shown in  FIG. 3 , central server  100  is the server on which a media company stores its media. The type of media contemplated in the current invention includes, but is not limited to, video, audio and photographs which, in the embodiment are delivered to a user as a data file, such as data file  100 - 2 . A user at satellite station  102 , within premise network  10 , selects media from lists on Media Company&#39;s web page  100 - 1 . The user accesses Web page  100 - 1  through Internet  300 . Premise network  10  comprises a gateway  101 , and satellite stations such as televisions and personal computers  102 - 110 . Premise network  10  is connected to the Internet via a gateway system or regional server  400 . 
         [0050]    In one embodiment, the regional server is directly controlled by an entity. This entity may perform shortest path routing, fastest path routing, gateway load balancing, network load balancing, and Quality of Service (QoS) routing and management (e.g., for VoIP jitter and video streaming). It should also be noted that gateway systems include gateways, routers, hubs, switches, access points, set-top-boxes, media centers and other such devices that can store and forward media. It should also be noted that user devices include computers, mobile telephones, music/audio player/recorders, video player/recorders, personal data assistants, televisions, media centers, VCRs and such other devices that can receive and transmit media. 
         [0051]    In operation, for example, satellite station  102  within premise network  10  selects movie Y from web page  100 - 1  and makes a request, with payment as processed via billing/media control  200 , that movie Y be downloaded to satellite station  102 . In such a situation, the user request would follow a prescribed path defined in this example via path  21 , then through regional server  400  to the Internet along path  22  and from the Internet to Media Company&#39;s central server along path  23 . Media Company&#39;s central server would then download the file containing movie Y along path  23  to the Internet, and then along path  25  to Regional server  102  and then along path  21  to premise network  10  and then path  24  to satellite station  102 . 
         [0052]    Using the example, and as discussed above, regarding the transmission of a movie from California to New York, paths  23 ,  22  and  21  would be relatively long because premise networks  10 ,  20   30 ,  40  and  50  are, for example, located in New York, while Media Company&#39;s server is located perhaps in California. The present invention provides alternative routes for downloading the movie to the satellite stations in New York that are shorter and use less bandwidth and other resources. 
         [0053]    In operation, after Media Company&#39;s central server downloads movie Y to gateway  101  the first time, movie Y may be stored in memory  101 -A. Thereafter, movie V is available for download to other satellite stations in premise network  10  such as satellite station  110 . For example, if after satellite station  102  requests movie Y, the user at satellite station  110  requests movie Y, media server  100 , under control of billing control  120  downloads movie Y to the user satellite station  110 . 
         [0054]    In some embodiments, if desired, gateway  101  would intercept the request for movie Y, download it to user device  110  and inform billing control  120  so that the user can be billed or otherwise accounted for. Consequently, this operation downloads movie Y along path  25  and thereby eliminating paths  23 ,  22  and  21 . Transmission paths  23 ,  22  and  21  would also be eliminated when the system responds to any other subsequent requests for movie Y within premise network  10  from satellite stations  102  to  110 . The route from gateway  101  to satellite station  110 , as compared to Media Company&#39;s server  100  to satellite station  111 , is shorter and requires less bandwidth. 
         [0055]    Additionally, movie Y is available to other premise networks  10 ,  20 ,  30 ,  40  and  50  and gateway networks  70  and  80  that are in the gateway network system and as a result of the prior download of movie Y to satellite station  102 . The gateways communicate with each other and each knows what media is stored on each other. For example, satellite station  202  (which is within premise network  20 ) may request movie Y from media server  100 . In one embodiment, gateway  201  would intercept that request. Gateway  201  would have information that movie Y is stored in a location closer than media server  100 , i.e. gateway  101 . Therefore, gateway  101  would communicate with gateway  201  to effectuate the download of movie Y from gateway  101  to satellite station  102  along paths  26  and  28  instead of the longer distance of paths  23 ,  22 ,  31  and  28 . 
         [0056]    After being downloaded to the particular premise networks  10  and  20 , movie Y may now be stored in gateways  101  and  102 . Thus, if satellite station  802  in gateway network  80  requests movie Y from media server  100 , movie Y may be downloaded from three possible sources, namely media server  100 , gateway  101  or gate way  201 . Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention provides that gateway  801  determines which of these three sources it would be best to download movie Y from and also the best route. This determination may depend on but not limited to factors such as media delivery speed; media fragmentation, media fragment locations, network speed; shortest distance; network QoS. In order to facilitate the determinations of best source and best routes, in one embodiment, each gateway within the network has the ability to publish, to each other gateway, parameters pertaining to the publishing gateway. 
         [0057]    After making the determination of best source and best route, the media is downloaded from the determined best source and along the determined best route. Additionally, gateway  801  may determine it is best to download movie Y from all three sources. In such a case, gateway  801  is capable of downloading the media in numbered and indexed pieces. In one embodiment the requesting gateway manages and controls the reconstruction of the media file in order to provide streaming media. 
         [0058]    It should be noted that while the example uses gateways within a gateway network system, any gateway within the electronic network may be used as a server for storing media. For example, regional server  400  connects several premise networks within a region, such as premise network  10 ,  20  and  30 , to the Internet and thereby creating a regional network. When media is downloaded, for the first time, to any satellite station within these premise networks, regional server  400  could intercept the media prior to download to the premise networks and store the media in memory  401 -A. Subsequently, the media would be available for download from memory  401 -A to satellite stations within all premise networks served by regional server  400 . Regional server  400  may also serve as a source of media to other regional networks via various routes. These routes include but are not limited to communications between regional servers (example between regional server  400  and regional server  500 ) or communication between regional servers and to a gateway in the source region and then to a gateway in the destination region (example from regional server  400  to gateway  301  and then to gateway  601 ). It should be noted that one example of a regional network is an ISP network. 
         [0059]    A person skilled in the art should recognize that the number of possible media transmission routes, more efficient than the transmission route from the central server to the user device, is a function of the number of regional networks, gateway networks, premise networks and where the particular media is stored etc. Accordingly, one embodiment of this invention includes determining the most efficient route by an analysis of the permutations and combinations of the several elements that determines the possible routes. 
         [0060]    In sum, the current invention increases the efficiency of downloading media without creating new satellite points for distribution within local networks. The current invention does this by using networks already established for other purposes. Additionally, where there are a plurality of sources from which to download a particular media, the current invention determines the best sources and best routes for delivery of the media. 
         [0061]      FIG. 4  is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment  13  of the operation of the embodiment as shown in  FIG. 3 . The method commences at process  200  where the user accesses the Internet via a regional server. In process  201 , the user browses Media Company&#39;s web page in order to select a desired media, such as movie Y. Process  202  determines if the user has selected a desired media. If not, process  203  allows the user to continue browsing or to end the session. If the user selects a media, such as movie Y, in step  204  the user sends a request for movie Y to Media Company&#39;s central server. The Media Company&#39;s central server  100  then processes the request and controls payment in process  205 . Process  206  determines if movie Y is stored in a gateway accessible to the user and closer to the user than Media Company&#39;s server. 
         [0062]    If movie Y is not stored on a gateway accessible to the user and closer to the user than Media Company&#39;s server, then based on proximity to user, network load and gateway load etc., the system determines which gateway(s) in the gateway system should store movie Y in process  207 . In process  208 , Media Company&#39;s server sends movie Y to the gateway(s) that selected in process  207 . In step  209 , the selected gateway(s) stores movie Y. Movie Y is then downloaded to the requesting satellite station in step  216 . The gateway server then, if desired, sends information to Media Company&#39;s central server that movie Y has been transmitted. 
         [0063]    If movie Y is stored in gateway(s) accessible to the user and closer to the user than Media Company&#39;s server, then process  210  determines which gateway(s) storing movie Y will serve as the best source(s) from which to download movie Y. In process  211  the best route(s) for delivering movie Y is determined. The selected gateway(s) then retrieves stored movie Y and sends movie Y to the requesting satellite station in process  212 , using the best route(s). In process  213  the system determines whether proximity to user, network load and/or gateway load etc., requires movie Y to be stored in another location while en route to user. 
         [0064]    If the parameters such as proximity to user, network load or gateway load etc. determines movie Y is to be stored in another location then, in process  214 , the new location is determined. Then, in process  215 , movie Y is stored in the new location(s) Movie Y is then downloaded to user device in process  216 . If based on the network load, gateway load or proximity to user, it is determined that movie Y is not to be stored in another location, then movie Y is downloaded directly to user device in process  216 . The gateway server, if desired, sends information to Media Company&#39;s central server that movie Y has been transmitted. It should be noted that the user device that transmits the request for movie Y need not be the user device to which movie Y is downloaded as would occur, for example, when a mobile user requests a media download to a home device. 
         [0065]    Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.