Abstract:
A high-strength low profile partially compressed pintle veneer tie and anchoring system employing the same is disclosed. The high-strength pintle anchoring system employs a partially compressively reduced veneer tie that is cold-worked with the resultant body partially having substantially semicircular edges and flat surfaces therebetween. The edges are aligned to receive compressive forces transmitted from the outer wythe. The partially compressively reduced veneer tie, when part of the anchoring system, interengages with the receptor portions of a wall anchor and is dimensioned to preclude significant veneer tie movement. The insertion portion of the veneer tie is compressed and patterned to ensure a secure hold within the bed joint.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    This invention relates to an improved anchoring arrangement for use in conjunction with cavity walls having an inner wythe and an outer wythe. More particularly, the invention relates to construction accessory devices, namely, specially dimensioned veneer ties with high strength partially compressed pintles and a low profile insertion portion. The veneer ties are for emplacement in the outer wythe and are further accommodated by receptors in the cavity, which receptors extend from the inner wythe to encapture the specially configured veneer ties. The invention is applicable to structures having an outer wythe of brick or stone facing in combination with an inner wythe of either masonry block or dry wall construction. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Prior Art 
         [0004]    In the past, investigations relating to the effects of various forces, particularly lateral forces, upon brick veneer masonry construction demonstrated the advantages of having high-strength wire anchoring components embedded in the bed joints of anchored veneer walls, such as facing brick or stone veneer. Anchors and ties are generally placed in one of the following five categories: corrugated; sheet metal; wire; two-piece adjustable; or joint reinforcing. The present invention has a focus on wire formatives and in particular, pintle ties. 
         [0005]    Prior tests have shown that failure of anchoring systems frequently occurs at the juncture between the pintle of the veneer tie and the receptor portion of the wall anchor. This invention addresses the need for a high-strength pintle suitable for use with either a masonry block or dry wall construction that provides a strong pintle-to-receptor connection. 
         [0006]    Early in the development of high-strength anchoring systems a prior patent, namely U.S. Pat. No. 4,875,319 (&#39;319), to Ronald P. Hohmann, in which a molded plastic clip is described as tying together a reinforcing wire and a veneer tie. The assignee of &#39;319, Hohmann &amp; Barnard, Inc., now a MiTek-Berkshire Hathaway company, successfully commercialized the device under the SeismiClip trademark. For many years, the white plastic clip tying together the veneer anchor and the reinforcement wire in the outer wythe has been a familiar item in commercial seismic-zone buildings. Additionally, the high-strength pintle hereof has been combined with the swaged leg as shown in the inventor&#39;s patent, U.S. Pat. No. 7,325,366. The combination item reduces the number of “bits and pieces” brought to the job site and simplifies installation. 
         [0007]    The high-strength partially compressed pintle is specially configured to prevent veneer tie pullout. The configured pintle restricts movement and ensures a high-strength connection and transfer of forces between the veneer and the backup wall. The wire formative insertion portion for disposition within the outer wythe, is compressively reduced in height by the cold-working thereof and compressively patterned to securely hold to the mortar joint and increase the veneer tie strength. The close control of overall heights permits the mortar of the bed joints to flow over and about the veneer ties. Because the wire formative hereof employs extra strong material and benefits from the cold-working of the metal alloys, the high-span anchoring system meets the unusual requirements demanded in current building structures. Reinforcement wires are included to form seismic constructs. 
         [0008]    There have been significant shifts in public sector building specifications which have resulted in architects and architectural engineers requiring larger and larger cavities in the exterior cavity walls of public buildings. These requirements are imposed without corresponding decreases in wind shear and seismic resistance levels or increases in mortar bed joint height. Thus, the wall anchors needed are restricted to occupying the same ⅜-inch bed joint height in the inner and outer wythes. Because of this, the veneer facing material is tied down over a span of two or more times that which had previously been experienced. Exemplary of the public sector building specification is that of the  Energy Code Requirement, Boston, Mass . (See Chapter 13 of 780 CMR, Seventh Edition). This Code sets forth insulation R-values well in excess of prior editions and evokes an engineering response opting for thicker insulation and correspondingly larger cavities. 
         [0009]    The use of wire formatives in cavity wall construction have been limited by the mortar layer thicknesses which, in turn are dictated either by the new building specifications or by pre-existing conditions, e.g. matching during renovations or additions the existing mortar layer thickness. While arguments have been made for increasing the number of the fine-wire anchors per unit area of the facing layer, architects and architectural engineers have favored wire formative anchors of sturdier wire. On the other hand, contractors find that heavy wire anchors, with diameters approaching the mortar layer height specification, frequently result in misalignment. Thus, these contractors look towards substituting thinner gage wire formatives which result in easier alignment of courses of block to protect against wythe separation. A balancing of mortar and wire formatives needs to be struck to ensure veneer tie stability within the outer wythe. The present high strength partially compressed veneer tie greatly assists in maintaining this balance in the mortar joint. 
         [0010]    Besides earthquake protection requiring high-strength anchoring systems, the failure of several high-rise buildings to withstand wind and other lateral forces has resulted in the promulgation of more stringent Uniform Building Code provisions. This high-strength partially compressively reduced veneer tie is a partial response thereto. The inventor&#39;s related anchoring system products have become widely accepted in the industry. 
         [0011]    The following patents are believed to be relevant and are disclosed as being known to the inventor hereof: 
         [0000]                                    U.S. Pat. No.   Inventor   Issue Date                   3,377,764   Storch   Apr. 16, 1968       4,021,990   Schwalberg   May 10, 1977       4,373,314   Allan   Feb. 15, 1983       4,473,984   Lopez   Oct. 2, 1984       4,598,518   Hohmann   Jul. 8, 1986       4,869,038   Catani   Sep. 26, 1989       4,875,319   Hohmann   Oct. 24, 1989       5,454,200   Hohmann   Oct. 3, 1995       6,668,505   Hohmann et al.   Dec. 30, 2003       6,789,365   Hohmann et al.   Sep. 14, 2004       6,851,239   Hohmann et al.   Feb. 8, 2005       7,017,318   Hohmann   Mar. 28, 2006       7,325,366   Hohmann   Feb. 5, 2008                    
It is noted that these devices are generally descriptive of wire-to-wire anchors and wall ties and have various cooperative functional relationships with straight wire runs embedded in the interior and/or exterior wythe.
 
         [0012]    U.S. Pat. No. 3,377,764—D. Storch—Issued Apr. 16, 1968 Discloses a bent wire, tie-type anchor for embedment in a facing exterior wythe engaging with a loop attached to a straight wire run in a backup interior wythe. 
         [0013]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,021,990—B. J. Schwalberg—Issued May 10, 1977 Discloses a dry wall construction system for anchoring a facing veneer to wallboard/metal stud construction with a pronged sheetmetal anchor. Like Storch &#39;764, the wall tie is embedded in the exterior wythe and is not attached to a straight wire run. 
         [0014]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,373,314—J. A. Allan—Issued Feb. 15, 1983 Discloses a vertical angle iron with one leg adapted for attachment to a stud; and the other having elongated slots to accommodate wall ties. Insulation is applied between projecting vertical legs of adjacent angle irons with slots being spaced away from the stud to avoid the insulation. 
         [0015]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,473,984—Lopez—Issued Oct. 2, 1984 Discloses a curtain-wall masonry anchor system wherein a wall tie is attached to the inner wythe by a self-tapping screw to a metal stud and to the outer wythe by embedment in a corresponding bed joint. The stud is applied through a hole cut into the insulation. 
         [0016]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,598,518—R. Hohmann—Issued Jul. 7, 1986 Discloses a dry wall construction system with wallboard attached to the face of studs which, in turn, are attached to an inner masonry wythe. Insulation is disposed between the webs of adjacent studs. 
         [0017]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,869,038—M. J. Catani—Issued Sep. 26, 1989 Discloses a veneer wall anchor system having in the interior wythe a truss-type anchor, similar to Hala et al. &#39;226 supra, but with horizontal sheetmetal extensions. The extensions are interlocked with bent wire pintle-type wall ties that are embedded within the exterior wythe. 
         [0018]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,875,319—R. Hohmann—Issued Oct. 24, 1989 Discloses a seismic construction system for anchoring a facing veneer to wallboard/metal stud construction with a pronged sheetmetal anchor. Wall tie is distinguished over that of Schwalberg &#39;990 and is clipped onto a straight wire run. 
         [0019]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,454,200—R. Hohmann—Issued October 1995 Discloses a facing anchor with straight wire run and mounted along the exterior wythe to receive the open end of wire wall tie with each leg thereof being placed adjacent one side of reinforcement wire. As the eye wires hereof have scaled eyelets or loops and the open ends of the wall ties are sealed in the joints of the exterior wythes, a positive interengagement results. 
         [0020]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,668,505—Hohmann et al.—Issued Dec. 30, 2003 Discloses high-span and high-strength anchors and reinforcement devices for cavity walls combined with interlocking veneer ties are described which utilize reinforcing wire and wire formatives to form facing anchors, truss or ladder reinforcements, and wall anchors providing wire-to-wire connections therebetween. 
         [0021]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,785,365—R. Hohmann et al.—Issued Sep. 14, 2004 Discloses side-welded anchor and reinforcement devices for a cavity wall. The devices are combined with interlocking veneer anchors, and with reinforcements to form unique anchoring systems. The components of each system are structured from reinforcing wire and wire formatives. 
         [0022]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,851,239—Hohmann et al.—Issued Feb. 8, 2005 Discloses a high-span anchoring system described for a cavity wall incorporating a wall reinforcement combined with a wall tie which together serve a wall construct having a larger-than-normal cavity. Further the various embodiments combine wire formatives which are compressively reduced in height by the cold-working thereof. Among the embodiments is a veneer anchoring system with a low-profile wall tie for use in a heavily insulated wall. 
         [0023]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,017,318—Hohmann—Issued Mar. 28, 2006 Discloses an anchoring system with low-profile wall ties in which insertion portions of the wall anchor and the veneer anchor are compressively reduced in height. 
         [0024]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,325,366—Hohmann—Issued Feb. 5, 2008 Discloses snap-in veneer ties for a seismic construction system in cooperation with low-profile, high-span wall anchors. 
         [0025]    None of the above anchors or anchoring systems provide a veneer tie having a low profile high-strength partially compressively reduced veneer tie for fulfilling the need for enhanced compressive and tensile properties. This invention relates to an improved anchoring arrangement for use in conjunction with cavity walls having an inner wythe and an outer wythe and meets the heretofore unmet need described above. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0026]    In general terms, the invention disclosed hereby is a low profile, high-strength wire formative pintle veneer tie with compressed portions and an anchoring system utilizing the same for cavity walls having an inner and outer wythe. The system includes a wire-formative veneer tie for emplacement in the outer wythe. The high-strength construction system hereof is applicable to construction of a wall having an inner wythe which can either be of dry wall construction or masonry block and an outer wythe and to insulated and non-insulated structures. The wythes are in a spaced apart relationship and form a cavity therebetween. In the disclosed system, a unique combination of a wall anchor (attachable to either ladder- or truss-type reinforcement for masonry inner wythes or to metal studs of a dry wall construct), a wire veneer tie, and, optionally, a continuous wire reinforcement is provided. The invention contemplates that the high-strength partially compressively reduced veneer ties are wire formatives depending into the wall cavity for connections between the veneer tie and the wall anchor. The insertion portions of the wire formative veneer ties are compressively reduced in height by the cold-working thereof and compressively patterned to securely hold to the mortar joint and increase the veneer tie strength. The close control of overall heights permits the mortar of the bed joints to flow over and about the veneer ties. 
         [0027]    In this invention, the veneer tie is constructed from a wire formative and has compressed interengaging portions that provide a high strength connection, restricting veneer tie movement and pullout, when interconnected with a wall anchor and embedded in the bed joint of the outer wythe. The veneer tie has a patterned insertion portion to better secure the tie within the bed joint. In the first embodiment, the veneer tie is engaged with a wall anchor that is interconnected with a ladder- or truss-type reinforcement in a manner similar to the wall anchor shown in Hohmann, U.S. Pat. No. 6,789,365. The anchor has two configurations with either a single eye or two eyes extending from the receptor portions into the cavity between the wythes. Each eye accommodates the interengagement therewith of the high-strength pintles of the veneer ties. 
         [0028]    The second embodiment includes a dry wall construct inner wythe. Here, the dry-wall anchor is a metal stamping and is attached by sheetmetal screws to the metal vertical channel members of the wall. Each dry-wall anchor accommodates in a horizontally extending portion, the high-strength interengaging portion of the wire formative veneer tie. The securement portion of the ribbon pintles precludes veneer tie pullout. The patterned insertion end of the veneer tie is positioned on the outer wythe and optionally, a continuous reinforcement wire can be snapped into and secured to the outer wythe anchor. The snap-in feature of the anchor here replaces the traditional function of the seismic clip for accommodating a straight wire run (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,875,319) and receiving the open end of the box tie. This anchor and a straight wire run are embedded in the bed joint of the outer wythe. 
         [0029]    It is an object of the present invention to provide in an anchoring system having an outer wythe and an inner wythe, a low profile, high-strength partially compressed veneer tie that interengages a wall anchor which system further includes specially configured partially compressed pintles and a patterned insertion portion in the veneer tie. 
         [0030]    It is another object of the present invention to provide a specialized veneer tie that is partially compressively reduced at specific locations along the veneer tie to provide a high strength interlock between the anchor and the outer wythe. 
         [0031]    It is another object of the present invention to provide labor-saving devices to simplify seismic and non-seismic high-strength installations of brick and stone veneer and the securement thereof to an inner wythe. 
         [0032]    It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a cold worked wire formative that is characterized by high resistance to compressive and tensile forces. 
         [0033]    It is a further object of the present invention to provide an anchoring system for cavity walls comprising a limited number of component parts that are economical of manufacture resulting in a relatively low unit cost. 
         [0034]    It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an anchoring system which restricts lateral and horizontal movements of the facing wythe with respect to the inner wythe but remains adjustable vertically. 
         [0035]    It is a feature of the present invention that when the veneer tie is inserted into the receptors therefor, the interconnection points are oriented so that the widest portion thereof is subjected to compressive to tensile forces. 
         [0036]    It is another feature of the present invention that the veneer ties are utilizable with either a masonry block having aligned or unaligned bed joints or with a dry wall construct that secures to a metal stud. 
         [0037]    It is yet another feature of the present invention that the compressed veneer tie insertion portion is patterned to securely hold to the mortar joint and increase the veneer tie strength. 
         [0038]    It is another feature that the close control of the overall height of the veneer tie insertion portion permits the mortar of the bed joints to flow over and about the veneer ties. 
         [0039]    Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent upon review of the drawings and the detailed description. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0040]    In the following drawings, the same parts in the various views are afforded the same reference designators. 
           [0041]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an anchoring system having a partially compressed patterned veneer tie of this invention interengaged with a welded wall anchor and shows a wall with an inner wythe of masonry block and an outer wythe of brick veneer; 
           [0042]      FIG. 2  is a partial cross-sectional view of the anchoring system of  FIG. 1  on a substantially horizontal plane showing one of the receptor portions of the wall anchor of  FIG. 1  and one of the interconnecting portion of the veneer tie; 
           [0043]      FIG. 3  is a partial cross-sectional view of the anchoring system of  FIG. 1  on a substantially vertical plane showing one of the receptor portions of the wall anchor of  FIG. 1  and one of the interengaging portions of the veneer tie; 
           [0044]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the veneer tie of  FIG. 1  showing details of the veneer tie secured within a ladder reinforcement anchoring system having a single receptor portion; 
           [0045]      FIG. 5  is a top plan view of the veneer tie of this invention; 
           [0046]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view of the veneer tie of this invention; 
           [0047]      FIG. 7  is a rear elevational view of the veneer tie of this invention; 
           [0048]      FIG. 8  is a side elevational view of the veneer tie of this invention; 
           [0049]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of this invention having a partially compressed, patterned veneer tie of this invention, wherein the building system therefor includes a sheetmetal anchor for a drywall inner wythe; 
           [0050]      FIG. 10  is a perspective view of the veneer tie of  FIG. 9  with a reinforcement wire set within a modified veneer tie; and, 
           [0051]      FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of cold-worked wire used in the formation of the partially compressively reduced veneer tie hereof and showing resultant aspects of continued compression. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0052]    In the embodiments described herein, the interengaging portion and the insertion portion of the wire formative components of the veneer ties are cold-worked or otherwise partially flattened and specially configured resulting in greater tensile and compressive strength and thereby becoming better suited to cavity walls wherein high wind loads or seismic forces are experienced. It has been found that, when the appropriate metal alloy is cold-worked, the desired plastic deformation takes place with a concomitant increase in tensile strength and a decrease in ductility. These property changes suit the application at hand. In deforming a wire with a circular cross-section, the cross-section of the resultant body is substantially semicircular at the outer edges with a rectangular body therebetween. The deformed body has substantially the same cross-sectional area as the original wire. Here, the circular cross-section of a wire provides greater flexural strength than a sheetmetal counterpart. 
         [0053]    Before proceeding to the detailed description, the following definitions are provided. For purposes of defining the invention at hand, a compressively reduced wire formative is a wire formative that has been compressed by cold working so that the resultant body is substantially semicircular at the edges and has flat surfaces therebetween. In use, the rounded edges are aligned so as to receive compressive forces transmitted from the veneer or outer wythe, which forces are generally normal to the facial plane thereof. In the discussion that follows the width of the compressed interengaging portion is also referred to as the major axis and the thickness is referred to as the minor axis. 
         [0054]    As the compressive forces are exerted on the compressed portion, the compressed portion withstand forces greater than uncompressed portions of the wire formative formed from the same gage wire. Data reflecting the enhancement represented by the cold-worked compressed portion is included hereinbelow. 
         [0055]    The description which follows is of two embodiments of anchoring systems utilizing the high-strength wire formative veneer tie devices of this invention, which devices are suitable for nonseismic and seismic cavity wall applications. Although each high-strength veneer tie is adaptable to varied inner wythe structures, the embodiments here apply to cavity walls with masonry block inner wythes and dry wall (sheetrock) inner wythes. The wall anchor of the first embodiment is adapted from that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,789,365 of the inventors hereof. For the masonry structures, mortar bed joint thickness is at least twice the thickness of the embedded anchor. 
         [0056]    In accordance, with the  Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures, ACI  530-05 /ASCE  5-05 /TMS  402-05, Chapter 6, each wythe of the cavity wall structure is designed to resist individually the effects of the loads imposed thereupon. Further, the veneer (outer wythe) is designed and detailed to accommodate differential movement and to distribute all external applied loads through the veneer to the inner wythe utilizing masonry anchors and ties. 
         [0057]    Referring now to  FIGS. 1 through 8  and  11 , the first embodiment of the anchoring system hereof including a compressed wire formative veneer tie of this invention is shown and is referred to generally by the number  10 . In this embodiment, a wall structure  12  is shown having a backup wall or inner wythe  14  of masonry blocks  16  and a veneer facing or outer wythe  18  of facing brick or stone  20 . Between the backup wall  14  and the facing wall  18 , a cavity  22  is formed, which cavity  22  extends outwardly from the surface  24  of the backup wall  14 . Optionally, the cavity is filled with insulation  23 . 
         [0058]    In this embodiment, successive bed joints  26  and  28  are formed between courses of blocks  16  and the joints are substantially planar and horizontally disposed. Also, successive bed joints  30  and  32  are formed between courses of facing brick  20  and the joints are substantially planar and horizontally disposed. For each structure, the bed joints  26 ,  28 ,  30  and  32  are specified as to the height or thickness of the mortar layer and such thickness specification is rigorously adhered to so as to provide the uniformity inherent in quality construction. Selected bed joint  26  and bed joint  30  are constructed to align, that is to be substantially coplanar, the one with the other. 
         [0059]    For purposes of discussion, the exterior surface  24  of the backup wall  14  contains a horizontal line or x-axis  34  and an intersecting vertical line or y-axis  36 . A horizontal line or z-axis  38 , normal to the xy-plane, also passes through the coordinate origin formed by the intersecting x- and y-axes. In the discussion which follows, it will be seen that the various anchor structures are constructed to restrict movement interfacially—wythe vs. wythe—along the z-axis and along the x-axis. The device  10  includes a wall anchor  40  constructed for embedment in bed joint  26 , which, in turn, includes a free end  42  with one or more legs or receptor portions  54  extending into cavity  22 . Further, the device  10  includes a wire formative veneer tie or anchor  44  for embedment in bed joint  30 . 
         [0060]    The wall anchor  40  is shown in  FIGS. 1 and 4  as being emplaced on a course of blocks  16  in preparation for embedment in the mortar of bed joint  26 . A truss-type wall reinforcement  46  is constructed of a wire formative with two parallel continuous straight wire members  48  and  50  spaced so as, upon installation, to each be centered along the outer walls of the masonry blocks  16 . Intermediate wire bodies or cross rods  52  are interposed therebetween and connect wire members  48  and  50  forming truss-like portions of the reinforcement structure  46 . Alternatively, the cross rods are formed in a ladder shaped manner as shown in  FIG. 4 . 
         [0061]    At intervals along the wall reinforcement  46 , spaced pairs of transverse wire members or receptor portions  54  are attached thereto at wire member  48 . Alternatively, as shown in  FIG. 1 , the legs  54  are connected with a rear leg  55  and the rear leg  55  is, in turn, attached to the wall reinforcement  46 . The free end  42  and the receptor portions  54  extend into cavity  22  to interengage with the veneer tie  44 . As will become clear by the description which follows, the spacing between the receptor portions  54  is constructed to limit the x-axis movement of the construct. Each receptor portion  54  has at the end opposite the attachment end an eyelet  58  formed contiguously therewith. The two eyelets  58  are preferably welded closed, and have a substantially circular opening or eye  60 . 
         [0062]    Upon installation, the eye or aperture  60  of eyelet  58  is constructed to be within a substantially horizontal plane normal to exterior surface  24 . The aperture  60  is dimensioned to accept the securement portion  81  and the interengaging portion  63  of the veneer tie or anchor  44  therethrough and has a slightly larger opening than that required to accommodate the compressed portion. This relationship minimizes the movement of the construct in and along a z-vector and in an xz-plane. For positive engagement, the aperture  60  of eyelet  58  is sealed, through welding or similar method, forming a closed loop. Alternatively, the receptor portions  54  have at the end opposite the attachment end a single elongated eyelet  59  disposed substantially horizontal in the cavity. The single eyelet  59  is welded closed and has a substantially oval opening or eye  61  with a predetermined diameter. The eye  61  is dimensioned to accept an interengaging portion  63  of the veneer tie or anchor  44  therethrough and has a slightly larger opening than that required to accommodate the interengaging portion  63 . When engaged, the major cross-sectional axes  65  of the interengaging portions  63  are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axes  64  of the wall anchor receptor portions  54 . This relationship minimizes the movement of the construct in and along a z-vector and in an xz-plane. 
         [0063]    The veneer tie  44  is, when viewed from a top or bottom elevation, generally U-shaped and is dimensioned to be accommodated by the pair of eyelets  58  or a single eyelet  59  as previously described. The tie  44  has an insertion portion  70  disposed in the bed joint  30  and a cavity portions  62  that engages the anchor  40 . The cavity portions  62  extend from the insertion portion  70  into the cavity  22 . Two interengaging portions  63  are contiguous with the cavity portions  62  and extend into securement portions  81 . The veneer tie  44  is a wire formative and the interengaging portions are partially compressively reduced and depend therefrom at substantially a 90 degree angle. As more clearly seen in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , the interengaging portion  63  has been compressively reduced so that, when viewed as installed, the cross-section, taking in a horizontal or an xz-plane that includes the longitudinal axis of the receptor  58 , shows the greatest dimension substantially oriented along a z-vector. Similarly, when viewed as installed, the cross-section, taking in a vertical plane that includes the longitudinal axis of the receptor portion  54 , shows the major axis dimension substantially oriented along a z-vector. Two securement portions  81  are contiguous with the interengaging portions  63  and curved at a substantially 150 degree angle to deter veneer tie pullout. 
         [0064]    The veneer tie  44  is more fully shown in  FIGS. 5 through 8  and  10 . The tie  44  is a wire formative constructed from mill galvanized, hot-dip galvanized, stainless steel or other similar high-strength material and has an insertion portion  70  having an upper surface  75  and a lower surface  79  for disposition in the bed joint  30 . The upper surface  75  is compressibly deformed and has a pattern  47  of recessed areas or corrugations  57  impressed thereon for receiving mortar within the recessed areas  57 . The insertion portion  70  is configured to maximize surface contact with the mortar in the bed joint  30 . The insertion portion  70  of the veneer tie  44  is a wire formative formed from a wire having a diameter substantially equal to the predetermined height of the mortar joint. Upon compressible reduction in height, the insertion portion  70  is mounted upon the exterior wythe and positioned to receive mortar thereabout. The insertion portion  70  retains the mass and substantially the tensile strength as prior to deformation. The vertical height of the insertion portion  70  is reduced so that, upon installation, mortar of bed joint  30  flows around the insertion portion  70 . 
         [0065]    Upon compression, a pattern or corrugation  57  is impressed on insertion portion  70  and, upon the mortar of bed joint  30  flowing around the insertion portion  70 , the mortar flows into the corrugation  57 . For enhanced holding, the corrugations  57  are, upon installation, substantially parallel to x-axis  34 . In this embodiment, the pattern  47  is shown impressed on only one side thereof; however, it is within the contemplation of this disclosure that corrugations or other patterning could be impressed on other surfaces of the insertion portion  70 . Other patterns such as a waffle-like, cellular structure and similar structures optionally replace the corrugations. With the veneer tie  44  constructed as described, the veneer tie  44  is characterized by maintaining substantially all the tensile strength as prior to compression while acquiring a desired low profile. 
         [0066]    The insertion portion  70  is optionally configured (as shown in  FIG. 10 ) to accommodate therewithin a reinforcement wire or straight wire member  171  of predetermined diameter. The insertion portion  70  has a compression  173  dimensioned to interlock with the reinforcement wire  171 . With this configuration, the bed joint height specification is readily maintained and the reinforcing wire  171  interlocks with the veneer tie  44  within the 0.300-inch tolerance, thereby forming a seismic construct. 
         [0067]    The cross-sectional illustrations show the manner in which wythe-to-wythe and side-to-side movement is limited by the close fitting relationship between the compressively reduced interengaging portion  63  and the receptor openings  60 ,  61 . The minor axis of the compressively reduced interengaging portion  63  is optimally between 30 to 75% of the diameter of the 3/16 inch wire formative and when reduced by one-third has a tension and compression rating of at least 130% of the original wire formative material. The interengaging portion  63 , once compressed, is ribbon-like in appearance; however, maintains substantially the same cross sectional area as the wire formative body. Optimally, the insertion portion  70  is fabricated from 0.250-inch diameter wire and compressively reduced to a height of 0.175 inches. 
         [0068]    The description which follows is of a second embodiment of the high-strength anchoring system. For ease of comprehension, where similar parts are used reference designators “ 100 ” units higher are employed. Thus, the veneer tie  144  of the second embodiment is analogous to the veneer tie  44  of the first embodiment. 
         [0069]    Referring now to  FIGS. 5 through 11 , the second embodiment of the high-strength anchoring system is shown and is referred to generally by the numeral  110 . The system  110  employs a sheetmetal wall anchor  140 . The dry wall structure  112  is shown having an interior wythe  114  with wallboard  116  as the interior and exterior facings thereof. An exterior or outer wythe  118  of facing brick  120  is attached to dry wall structure  112  and a cavity  122  is formed therebetween. The dry wall structure  112  is constructed to include, besides the wallboard facings  116 , vertical channels  124  with insulation layers  126  disposed between adjacent channel members  124 . Selected bed joints  128  and  130  are constructed to be in cooperative functional relationship with the veneer tie described in more detail below. 
         [0070]    For purposes of discussion, the exterior surface  125  of the interior wythe  114  contains a horizontal line or x-axis  134  and an intersecting vertical line or y-axis  136 . A horizontal line or z-axis  138  also passes through the coordinate origin formed by the intersecting x- and y-axes. The system  110  includes a dry wall anchor  140  constructed for attachment to vertical channel members  124 , for embedment in joint  130  and for interconnecting with the veneer tie  144 . 
         [0071]    Reference is now directed to the L-shaped, surface-mounted sheetmetal bracket or wall anchor  140  comprising a mounting portion or base plate member  146  and free end projecting or extending portion  148  into the cavity  122 . The projecting or extending portion  148  is contiguous with the base plate member  146  so as to have, upon installation, a horizontally disposed elongated aperture  150  which, as best seen in  FIG. 10 , provides for wire-tie-receiving receptors  151 . The aperture  150  is formed in plate member  146 . Upon installation, the projecting portion  148  is thus disposed substantially at right angles with respect to the plate member  146 . To ease tolerance, receptors  151  may be slightly elongated along the x-axis thereof. The plate member  146  is also provided with mounting holes  156  at the upper and lower ends thereof. 
         [0072]    As is best seen in  FIG. 10 , the projecting portion  148  is spaced from the plate member  146  and adapted to receive the interengaging  163  and securement portions  181  of veneer tie  144  therewithin. In the fabrication of the dry wall as the inner wythe of this construction system  110 , the channel members  124  are initially secured in place. In this regard, the channel members  124  may also comprise the standard framing member of a building. Sheets of exterior wallboard  116 , which may be of an exterior grade gypsum board, are positioned in abutting relationship with the forward flange of the channel member  124 . While the insulating layer  126  is shown as panels dimensioned for use between adjacent column  124 , it is to be noted that any similarly suited rigid of flexible insulating material may be used herein with substantially equal efficacy. 
         [0073]    After the initial placement of the flexible insulation layer  126  and the wallboard  116 , the veneer anchors  140  are secured to the surface of the wallboard  116  in front of channel members  124 . Thereafter, sheetmetal screws  127  are inserted into the mounting holes  156  to fasten the anchor  140  to the channel member  124 . 
         [0074]    The veneer tie  144  is, when viewed from a top or bottom elevation, generally U-shaped and is dimensioned to be accommodated within the anchor aperture  150  as previously described. The tie  144  has an insertion portion  170  disposed in the bed joint  130  and cavity portions  162 . The cavity portions  162  extend from the insertion portion  170  into the cavity  122 . Two interengaging portions  163  are contiguous with the cavity portions  162  and extend into securement portions  181 . The veneer tie  144  is a wire formative and the interengaging portions  163  are partially compressively reduced and curved at a 90 degree angle. The interengaging portion  163  has been compressively reduced so that, when installed, the interengaging portion  163  is in a close fitting functional relationship with the opening of the aperture  151  and the major cross-section axes of the interengaging portions  163  are substantially normal to the wallboard panels  117 . Two securement portions  181  are contiguous with the interengaging portions  163  and curved at a substantially 150 degree angle to deter veneer tie pullout. 
         [0075]    The veneer tie  144  is more fully shown in  FIGS. 5 through 8  and  10 . The tie  144  is a wire formative constructed from mill galvanized, hot-dip galvanized, stainless steel or other similar high-strength material and has an insertion portion  170  having an upper surface  175  and a lower surface  179  for disposition in the bed joint  130 . The upper surface  175  is compressibly deformed and has a pattern  147  of recessed areas or corrugations  157  impressed thereon for receiving mortar within the recessed areas  157 . The insertion portion  170  is configured to maximize surface contact with the mortar in the bed joint  130 . The insertion portion  170  of the veneer tie  144  is a wire formative formed from a wire having a diameter substantially equal to the predetermined height of the mortar joint. Upon compressible reduction in height, the insertion portion  170  is mounted upon the exterior wythe positioned to receive mortar thereabout. The insertion portion  170  retains the mass and substantially the tensile strength as prior to deformation. The vertical height of the insertion portion  170  is reduced so that, upon installation, mortar of bed joint  130  flows around the insertion portion  170 . 
         [0076]    Upon compression, a pattern or corrugations  157  is impressed on insertion portion  170  and, upon placement of the mortar in bed joint  130 , the mortar flows around the insertion portion  174  and into the corrugation  157 . For enhanced holding, the corrugations  157  are, upon installation, substantially parallel to x-axis  134 . In this embodiment, the pattern  147  is shown impressed on only one side thereof; however, it is within the contemplation of this disclosure that corrugations or other patterning could be impressed on other surfaces of the insertion portion  170 . Other patterns such as a waffle-like, cellular structure and similar structures optionally replace the corrugations. With the veneer tie  144  constructed as described, the veneer tie  144  is characterized by maintaining substantially all the tensile strength as prior to compression while acquiring a desired low profile. 
         [0077]    The minor axis of the compressively reduced interengaging portion  163  is optimally between 30 to 75% of the diameter of the 3/16 inch wire formative and when reduced by one-third has a tension and compression rating of at least 130% of the original wire formative material. The interengaging portion  163 , once compressed, is ribbon-like in appearance; however, maintains substantially the same cross sectional area as the wire formative body. Optimally, the insertion portion  170  is fabricated from 0.250-inch diameter wire and compressively reduced to a height of 0.175 inches. 
         [0078]    The insertion portion  174  is optionally configured (as shown in  FIG. 10 ) to accommodate therewithin a reinforcement wire or straight wire member  171  of predetermined diameter. The insertion portion  174  has a compression  173  dimensioned to interlock with the reinforcement wire  171 . With this configuration, the bed joint height specification is readily maintained and the reinforcing wire  171  interlocks with the veneer tie  144  within the 0.300-inch tolerance, thereby forming a seismic construct. With this configuration the bed joint height specification is readily maintained. As differentiated from the first embodiment, the dry wall construction system  110  provides for the structural integrity by the securement of the veneer anchor construction to the channel member. The anchoring system hereof meets building code requirements for seismic construction and the wall structure reinforcement of both the inner and outer wythes exceeds the testing standards therefor. 
         [0079]    In  FIG. 11 , the compression of wire formatives is shown schematically. For purposes of discussion, the elongation of the compressed wire is disregarded as the elongation is negligible and the cross-sectional area of the construct remains substantially constant. Here, the veneer tie  144  is formed from 0.187-inch diameter wire. The interengaging portion  163  is reduced up to 75% of original diameter to a thickness of 0.113 inch. 
         [0080]    Analytically, the circular cross-section of a wire provides greater flexural strength than a sheetmetal counterpart. In the embodiments described herein the interengaging portion of the veneer tie  144  is cold-worked or partially flattened so that the specification is maintained and high-strength portions are provided. It has been found that, when the appropriate metal alloy is cold-worked, the desired plastic deformation takes place with a concomitant increase in tensile strength and a decrease in ductility. These property changes suit the application at hand. In deforming a wire with a circular cross-section, the cross-section of the resultant body is substantially semicircular at the outer edges with a rectangular body therebetween,  FIG. 11 . The deformed body has substantially the same cross-sectional area as the original wire. In each example in  FIG. 11 , progressive deformation of a wire is shown. Disregarding elongation and noting the prior comments, the topmost portion shows the original wire having a radius, r1=1; and area, A1=Π; length of deformation, L=0; and a diameter, D1. Upon successive deformations, the illustrations shows the area of circular cross-section bring progressively ½, ⅜ and ¼ of the area, A1, or A2=½Π; A3=⅜Π; and A4=¼Π, respectively. With the first deformation, the rectangular portion has a length L=1.11r (in terms of the initial radius of 1); a height, h2=1.14; (D2=0.71D1, where D=diameter); and therefore has an area of approximately ½Π. Likewise, with the second deformation, the rectangular portion has a length, L=1.38r; a height, h3=1.14; a diameter D3=0.57D1; and therefore has an area of approximately ⅝Π. Yet again, with the third deformation, the rectangular portion has a length, L=2.36r; a height h4=1; a diameter, degree of plastic deformation to remain at a 0.300 inch (approx.) combined height for the truss and wall tie can, as will be seen hereinbelow, be used to optimize the high-strength anchoring system. 
         [0081]    In testing the high-strength veneer tie described hereinabove, the test protocol is drawn from ASTM Standard E754-80 (Reapproved 2006) entitled, Standard Test Method for Pullout Resistance of Ties and Anchors Embedded in Masonry Mortar Joints. This test method is promulgated by and is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and provides procedures for determining the ability of individual masonry ties and anchors to resist extraction from a masonry mortar joint. 
         [0082]    In forming the partially compressively reduced portion, the wire body of up to 0.375-inch in diameter is compressed up to 75% of the wire diameter. When compared to standard wire formatives having diameters in the 0.172- to 0.195-inch range, the partially compressively reduced portion by one-third from the same stock as the standard tie showed upon testing a tension and compression rating that was at least 130% of the rating for the standard tie. 
         [0083]    Because many varying and different embodiments may be made within the scope of the inventive concept herein taught, and because many modifications may be made in the embodiments herein detailed in accordance with the descriptive requirement of the law, it is to be understood that the details herein are to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.