Abstract:
The present invention provides a method to make a blue colorant as a liquid and as a powder, wherein the blue colorant is derived from unprocessed raw juice obtained from  Genipa americana  fruit pulp, and wherein said raw juice is mixed with glycine (liquid) or with glycine plus starch (powder). Except for an additional step of warming up the juice-glycine mix, and in the case of the powder further dehydration of the juice-glycine-starch remix, no further steps are required to make a temperature and PH stable blue colorant which may be applied in textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, and other industries.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a method to make a colorant using raw liquid juice obtained from  Genipa americana  fruit pulp. 
     DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART 
     Synthetic colorants tend to be disfavored nowadays because of side effects, e.g., carcinogenic. Food, cosmetic and textile industries are tending to use natural or organic colorants. 
     Safe colorants derived from extracted components from plants have been described. In JP Patent Publications No. 52053932A2 and No. 52053934A2, H. Okuyama et al. describes a blue-violet colorant made of an spontaneous reaction of compounds bearing primary amino groups and genipin or analogs (extracted from  Gardenia jasminoides ) after treatment with glucosidase. Similarly, K. Kunimasa, et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,878,921, describes a blue colorant made of taurine that reacts with genipin, wherein the genipin have been extracted from  Gardenia jasminoides  by the hydrolysis of iridoid glycoside geniposide under action of glugosidase. In both of these cases the extraction from  Gardenia jasminoides  of genipin requires hydrolysis treatment of geniposide with glucosidase. 
     Colorants derived from raw components obtained after a complex process from  Genipa americana  (a Latin American different variant of the  Gardenia jasminoides  family) have been described for non permanent tattoo applications. An example is PCT Publication No. WO05105020A2 by D. Vidalenc. Vidalenc describes a method for obtaining a natural dye using raw components from  Genipa americana , wherein obtaining the raw components involved freezing and unfreezing the  Genipa americana  fruit, extracting juice from said fruit, treating the juice with nitrogen bubbles, mixing the treated juice with rosemary, oily extracts, and color increasing components selected from soy amino acids, hydrolyzed soy, arginine, phenylalanine, methionine, lysine, bromeline, BHT, and BHA. 
     However, there is no description of an stable, broad range of applications, blue colorant derived from unprocessed raw components obtained from  Genipa americana  fruits with a minimum of other added components. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a method to make a blue colorant as a liquid and as a powder, wherein the blue colorant is derived from unprocessed raw juice obtained from  Genipa americana  fruit pulp, and wherein said raw juice is mixed with glycine (liquid) or with glycine plus starch (powder). Except for an additional step of warming up the juice-glycine mix, and in the case of the powder further dehydration of the juice-glycine-starch remix, no further steps are required to make a temperature and PH stable blue colorant which may be applied in textile, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, and other industries. 
     Specifically, The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a colorant comprising:
         A. Peeling off a  Genipa americana  fruit from its skin, wherein said skin is discarded, and wherein said fruit without skin is  Genipa americana  fruit pulp;   B. Obtaining raw liquid juice from the  Genipa americana  fruit pulp;   C. Mixing the raw liquid juice with glycine; and,   D. Warming up the raw liquid juice mixed with glycine for a determined period of time.       

     In one aspect of the method of the present invention obtaining the raw liquid juice from the  Genipa americana  skinless fruit further comprises:
         a. Grinding the  Genipa americana  fruit pulp;   b. Compressing the grinded  Genipa americana  fruit pulp against a mesh, wherein major solids are retained by said mesh, and wherein raw liquid juice goes throughout said mesh.       

     In another additional aspect of the method of the present invention, mixing the raw liquid juice with glycine comprises mixing at least 0.2 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     In one more aspect of the method of the present invention, mixing the raw liquid juice with glycine comprises mixing between 0.2 grams and 1.6 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     In other preferred aspect of the method of the present invention further comprises:
         E. Adding starch to the previously warmed up mix of the raw liquid juice-glycine, and remixing, wherein said remixing results in an raw liquid juice-glycine-starch remix;   F. Dehydrating the raw liquid juice-glycine-starch remix, wherein dehydrating said remix comprises injecting the remix into a heated chamber by way of an atomizer; wherein the atomizer has the effect of converting the remix into small liquid remix droplets, wherein the chamber heat vaporizes water from said droplets, wherein vaporizing the water from said droplets results in low density particles and high density particles, wherein the high density particles precipitate to the chamber bottom and wherein the low density particles are aspirated with a vacuum, and wherein the aspirated low density particles form dried colorant powder.       

     In an aspect of another version of the method of the present invention, said method further comprises:
         e. Adding starch to the previously warmed up mix of the raw liquid juice-glycine, and remixing, wherein said remixing results in an raw liquid juice-glycine-starch remix;   f. Dehydrating by liophilization the raw liquid juice-glycine-starch remix.       

     The present invention also provides a liquid colorant made of a mix comprising: raw liquid juice obtained from skinless  Genipa americana  fruit pulp, and glycine. 
     In one aspect of the colorant of the present invention, the mix of raw liquid juice and glycine comprises at least 0.2 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     In one further aspect of the colorant of the present invention, the mix of raw liquid juice and glycine comprises between 0.2 grams and 1.6 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     The present invention further provides a powder colorant comprising a dehydrated mix of raw liquid juice obtained from skinless  Genipa americana  fruit pulp, glycine and starch. 
     In one aspect of the powder colorant of the present invention, the dehydrated mix is derived from a premix of raw liquid juice and glycine, wherein said premix comprises at least 0.2 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     In another additional aspect of the powder colorant of the present invention, the dehydrated mix is derived from a premix of raw liquid juice and glycine, wherein said premix comprises between 0.2 grams and 1.6 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     Objectives and additional advantages of the present invention will become more evident in the brief description of the drawings, the detailed description of the invention and the claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 6° C. and the pH is 3. 
         FIG. 2  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 6° C. and the pH is 5. 
         FIG. 3  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 6° C. and the pH is 7. 
         FIG. 4  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 6° C. and the pH is 9. 
         FIG. 5  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 6° C. and the pH is 7.17. 
         FIG. 6  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 20° C. and the pH is 3. 
         FIG. 7  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 20° C. and the pH is 5. 
         FIG. 8  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 20° C. and the pH is 7. 
         FIG. 9  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 20° C. and the pH is 9. 
         FIG. 10  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 20° C. and the pH is 7.17. 
         FIG. 11  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 50° C. and the pH is 3. 
         FIG. 12  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 50° C. and the pH is 5. 
         FIG. 13  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 50° C. and the pH is 7. 
         FIG. 14  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 50° C. and the pH is 9. 
         FIG. 15  shows a graphic comparing the absorbance in relation to time of the blue colorant of the present application (A-Jagua), and the absorbance in relation to time of the Blue 2 dye (Azul-2), when the temperature is 50° C. and the pH is 7.17. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a colorant comprising:
         G. Peeling off a  Genipa americana  fruit from its skin, wherein said skin is discarded, and wherein said fruit without skin is  Genipa americana  fruit pulp;   H. Obtaining raw liquid juice from the  Genipa americana  fruit pulp;   I. Mixing the raw liquid juice with glycine; and,   J. Warming up the raw liquid juice mixed with glycine for a determined period of time.       

     For the purpose of the present invention the term “peeling off” means separating the skin from the fruit. In a preferred form, the  Genipa americana  fruit is cut vertically into four parts, and then the fruit pulp is separated from the skin cutting the pulp off from inside of each of the four parts. However any other way of separating the pulp from the skin of the fruit may be used. 
     For purpose of the present invention, the term “ Genipa americana ” includes all the following:
           Gardenia genipa  Sw.     Genipa americana , var.  caruto  fo.  grandifolia        Genipa excelsa        Genipa americana  var.  Carnuto        Genipa barbata        Genipa pubescens  DC.     Genipa humilis        Genipa caruto        Genipa grandifolia        Genipa oblongifolia          

     Similarly, for purpose of this invention, the term “ Genipa americana ” also includes as equivalent any of the following popular synonym names:
     Irayol (Guatemala);   Maluco (Mexico);   Guaitil (Costa Rica);   (VEN) Caruto;   Caruto, Jagua (Colombia);   Quipará o Quepará (native language of tribe étnia emberá);   Huito (Perú);   Bi (Bolivia);   Genipapo (Brazil).   

     The step of warming up the raw liquid juice mixed with glycine is performed by preferably heating up the mixed juice and glycine for 2 hours at about 70° C. (centigrade). However warming up at different temperatures will also be appropriate; for example, lower temperatures can be used for longer periods of time, or higher temperatures for shorter periods of time. Acceptable ranges will be between 40° C. to 80° C. for 1 hour to 10 hours. 
     In one aspect of the method of the present invention obtaining the raw liquid juice from the  Genipa americana  skinless fruit further comprises:
         c. Grinding the  Genipa americana  fruit pulp;   d. Compressing the grinded  Genipa americana  fruit pulp against a mesh, wherein major solids are retained by said mesh, and wherein raw liquid juice goes throughout said mesh.       

     The definition of the term “grinding” for purposes of this invention includes any breaking up or chopping of the pulp into smaller pieces or particles or any process that converts the pulp toward a fully visible liquid status. 
     In another additional aspect of the method of the present invention, mixing the raw liquid juice with glycine comprises mixing at least 0.2 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     However in a preferred aspect of the method of the present invention, mixing the raw liquid juice with glycine comprises mixing between 0.2 grams and 1.6 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     In other preferred aspect of the method of the present invention further comprises:
         K. Adding starch to the previously warmed up mix of the raw liquid juice-glycine, and remixing, wherein said remixing results in an raw liquid juice-glycine-starch remix;   L. Dehydrating the raw liquid juice-glycine-starch remix, wherein dehydrating said remix comprises injecting the remix into a heated chamber by way of an atomizer; wherein the atomizer has the effect of converting the remix into small liquid remix droplets, wherein the chamber heat vaporizes water from said droplets, wherein vaporizing the water from said droplets results in low density particles and high density particles, wherein the high density particles precipitate to the chamber bottom and wherein the low density particles are aspirated with a vacuum, and wherein the aspirated low density particles form dried colorant powder;       

     Wherein adding the starch is an independent step that is performed after juice derived from the  Genipa americana  fruit pulp had been mixed with glycine and after the warmed up juice-glycine mix had cooled down. Preferably, the amount of starch added is in a concentration of about 15-25% of starch in relation to total volume. 
     In an aspect of another version of the method of the present invention, said method further comprises:
         g. Adding starch to the previously warmed up mix of the raw liquid juice-glycine, and remixing, wherein said remixing results in an raw liquid juice-glycine-starch remix;   h. Dehydrating by liophilization the raw liquid juice-glycine-starch remix.       

     Liophilization techniques are well know in the art of the invention. 
     The present invention also provides a liquid colorant made of a mix comprising: raw liquid juice obtained from skinless  Genipa americana  fruit pulp, and glycine. 
     In one aspect of the colorant of the present invention, the mix of raw liquid juice and glycine comprises at least 0.2 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     In one further aspect of the colorant of the present invention, the mix of raw liquid juice and glycine comprises between 0.2 grams and 1.6 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     The present invention further provides a powder colorant comprising a dehydrated mix of raw liquid juice obtained from skinless  Genipa americana  fruit pulp, glycine and starch. 
     In one aspect of the powder colorant of the present invention, the dehydrated mix is derived from a premix of raw liquid juice and glycine, wherein said premix comprises at least 0.2 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     In another additional aspect of the powder colorant of the present invention, the dehydrated mix is derived from a premix of raw liquid juice and glycine, wherein said premix comprises between 0.2 grams and 1.6 grams of glycine per 100 milliliters of raw liquid juice. 
     Although the present invention describes a method to make the colorant from the mix of raw liquid juice from  Genipa americana  fruit pulp and glycine, wherein said method allows for the addition of starch and complete dehydration to make colorant powder, the mix of just the juice and glycine can also be made into a further concentrated liquid by partial dehydration without the addition of starch. 
     While the description presents the preferred embodiments of the present invention, additional changes can be made in the form and disposition of the parts without distancing from the basic ideas and principles comprised in the claims. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The liquid colorant of the present invention, which for the purpose of the test was called Jagua (AJagua), was tested for stability in a concentration of 0.01 grams/40 ml and compared with synthetic colorant Blue No.2 (Azul 2) (0.0003 grams/40 ml). Both tested compounds were maintained for 15 days under the following conditions:
         6° C. (Centigrade) at pH 3, pH 5, pH 7, pH 9, and pH 7.17   20° C. (Centigrade) at pH 3, pH 5, pH 7, pH 9, and pH 7.17   50° C. (Centigrade) at pH 3, pH 5, pH 7, pH 9, and pH 7.17       

     Results of said testing can be observed in the graphics of  FIGS. 1 to 15 .