Abstract:
A method of forming a connection part for polyolefin insulated electrical wires or cables is disclosed which comprises a cross-linkable reinforcing insulation layer around said connection part, providing around said reinforcing insulation layer a heat shrinkable tube consisting of an integrated assembly of a semiconductive layer and a specific insulated portion consisting of at least two cylindrical heat shrinkable semiconductive members in combination with each other through an insulation material, and then heating said tube under pressure to effect crosslinking of said reinforcing insulation layer and cause said reinforcing layer to become integrated with said heat shrinkable tube. A heat shrinkable tube for use in this method is also described.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 366,964, filed Apr. 9, 1982, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 168,228 filed July 10, 1980 now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a method of forming an insulated connection part of electrical wires and cables and heat shrinkable tube for use therein. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Recently, cross-linked polyethylene insulated electrical wires and cables have tended to be used at much higher voltages and accompanied with this tendency further more improved reliability of connection parts for cross-linked polyethylene insulated electrical wires and cables is required. For this purpose, it has been heretofore proposed to use so-called molded connection parts, which are obtained by applying a reinforcing insulation layer made of rubber, plastics, etc., around a connection part of an electrical wire or cable and heat molding this assembly under pressure to cause the reinforcing insulation layer to form an integrated unit with the insulation layer of the cable. 
     On the other hand, there also has been a recent tendency that the practical application of these wires and cables with molded connection parts covers a distance much longer than ever before encountered. Heretofore, conventional methods for forming molded connection parts for cross-linked polyethylene insulated electrical wires or cables have generally comprised applying a reinforcing layer around the insulated connection part by winding a tape made of polyethylene containing a cross-linking agent or cross-linked polyethylene or alternatively pouring such crosslinking agent containing polyethylene or cross-linked polyethylene into a metal mold provided around the connection part, winding around the thus-provided reinforced material a tape of a semiconductive material and then a tape of an insulating material to thereby form a specific insulated portion. Since these conventional methods require heat molding of the connection part as a whole simultaneously after providing the semiconductor and the specific insulated portion, they may have many defects. For example, the tip of the outer semiconductive layer in the specific insulated portion can be fluidized or deformed to form a sharp protrusion, and the interface between the reinforcing insulation layer and the connection part can undulate and loses smoothness such that the electrical wire or cable cannot provide satisfactory electrical properties. 
     In order to eliminate the above-described disadvantages a method has heretofore been proposed which comprises grinding the surface of the reinforcing insulation layer after heat molding to smooth it, winding a tape of semiconductive material around a reinforcing layer on one conductor in a region extending from one end of the reinforcing layer to the center thereof and then winding a tape of an insulated material around the end of the wound tape of the semiconductive layer to thereby form a specific insulated portion, and winding a tape of semiconductive material around the other conductor. This method, however, is disadvantageous in that molding takes a rather long time. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of this invention is, therefore, to overcome the above-described defects and to provide good molded connection parts of electrical wires and cables. 
     It is another object of the present invention to provide an insulated connection part comprised of a specific insulated portion having a specific structure consisting of two shielding layers (outer semiconductive members) combined with each other through an insulation material. 
     As a result of extensive research it has been found that a connection part of cross-linked polyolefin insulated electrical wires or cables having excellent electrical properties can be obtained in a reduced working period by providing on a crosslinkable reinforcing layer a heat shrinkable tube having a construction of a specific insulated portion (i.e., an insulated portion having a specific structure consisting of at least two cylindrical heat shrinkable semiconductive layers combined with each other through an insulation material), heating the tube to shrink and snugly enclose the reinforcing layer and then heat molding the reinforcing insulation layer to effect cross-linking. 
     This invention is based on the above finding and provides a method for forming a connection part for polyolefin insulated electrical wires or cables which comprises a cross-linkable reinforcing insulation layer around said connection part, providing around said reinforcing insulation layer a heat shrinkable tube comprising an integrated assembly of a semiconductive layer and a specific insulated portion consisting of at least two cylindrical heat shrinkable semiconductive members in combination with each other through an insulation material, and then heating said tube under pressure to effect crosslinking of said reinforcing insulation layer and cause said reinforcing layer to become integrated with said heat shrinkable tube. 
     In another aspect, this invention provides a heat shrinkable tube comprising an integrated assembly of a semiconductive layer and a specific insulated portion consisting of at least two cylindrical heat shrinkable semiconductive members combined with each other at one end thereof through an insulation material. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an insulated connection part obtainable according to the method of this invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the upper half of a heat shrinkable tube according to this invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     With reference to the FIGS. 1 and 2 this invention will be described in greater detail hereinbelow. 
     On a connection part 1 of a conductor is applied an inner semiconductive layer 2 and then a reinforcing insulation layer 3 is provided on the inner semiconductive layer 2. As a material for producing the reinforcing insulation layer 3, polyolefins that are employed conventionally in cable insulation can be used such as polyethylene, uncross-linked polyethylene containing a cross-linking agent such as dicumyl peroxide, ethylene/propylene copolymers, etc. These materials can be applied in the form of a tape by winding it around the inner semiconductor, or alternatively they can be applied by pouring into a metal mold (not shown) placed around the inner semiconductive layer 2. It is preferred to apply the reinforcing material by pouring into a metal mold, since the surface of the reinforcing insulation layer is thus rendered smooth, and the interface between the outer semiconductive members 4 and 4&#39; and a specific insulated portion 5 becomes smoother. 
     On the thus-formed reinforcing insulation layer 3 is placed a heat shrinkable tube 6 comprising the outer semiconductive members 4 and 4&#39; and the specific insulated portion 5 and the tube 6 is heat shrunk using a burner, torch lamp, or similar conventional heating means. Thereafter, the whole assembly of connection part A is heated under pressure to cause the reinforcing insulation layer 3, inner semiconductive layer 2, cable insulator 7 and heat shrinkable tube 6 to become integrated with each other, thereby forming an insulated connection part for cross-linked polyolefin insulated electrical wires or cables. 
     With respect to the heat shrinkable tube 6 used in this invention and tips 8, 8&#39; of the outer semiconductive layer member in the specific insulated portion 5 are formed in a round shape in order to avoid concentration of electric the field. Preferably, the tips 8 and 8&#39; may be folded as shown in FIG. 2. Examples of material A for the specific insulated portion 5 include thermoplastic resins which can adhere to the reinforcing insulation layer 3 such as polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-propylene copolymers, etc., since it is desirable to bond the specific insulated portion 5 to the reinforcing insulation layer 3 in order for the resulting electrical wires or cables to have satisfactory electric properties. 
     A mixture of the above-described thermoplastic resin and carbon black can be used as a material for producing the outer semiconductive members 4 and 4&#39;. 
     The heat shrinkable tube 6 can be produced as follows. First, a semiconductive heat shrinkable tube member 4 is formed by bombarding electron beam onto a tube made of the above-described semiconductive material, or by heating a the tube of semiconductive material or by heating a the tube of semiconductive material containing a cross-linking agent, to effect cross-linking, and then heating the cross-linked material at a temperature higher than the softening point thereof to endow heat-shrinkability to the material thereby obtaining a semiconductive heat shrinkable tube. Then, two heat shrinkable tube members 4 and 4&#39; thus-produced are combined with each other through the specific insulated portion 5 comprising the above-described insulating material, so as to form an assembly of the outer semiconductive members 4 and 4&#39; with the specific insulated portion 5. Preferably, the tips 8, 8&#39; of the semiconductive members 4 and 4&#39; in the specific insulated portion may overlap each other. The assembly is then placed around a metal pipe having a diameter larger than that of the reinforcing insulation layer 3 and heated to form an integrated unit which retains heat shrinkability. 
     More particularly, a heat shrinkable tube according to a preferred embodiment of this invention is produced as follows. 
     A tube having an inner diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 2 mm is extrusion molded using a semiconductive polyethylene blended with carbon black and expanded so as to have an inner diameter of 70 mm after it is bombarded with electron beams at an intensity of 15 Mrad. A tube member 30 cm in length is cut out of this tube and one end thereof 9 is folded in a length of 5 cm as shown in FIG. 2. The thus-obtained tube member 4 is placed over the surface of a longitudinally split half pipe of aluminum pipe 10 and is heated using a torch lamp (not shown) to effect shrinking. 
     Then, a cross-linked polyethylene tape which has preliminarily been elongated longitudinally is wound around the folded end 9 of the tube and the surface of the aluminum pipe adjacent thereto to a thickness of about 3 mm. 
     Further, another semiconductive heat shrinkable tube member 4&#39; having one end 9&#39; thereof folded in the same manner as above is placed so that if covers a part of the portion on which cross-linked polyethylene is wound and the aluminum pipe. The thus-formed assembly on the aluminum pipe is then heated using a torch lamp to cause shrinkage. After the whole assembly is heated at 150° C. for 30 minutes to form an integrated unit, the aluminum pipe is removed to obtain a heat shrinkable tube of this invention. 
     It is preferred to further bombard electron beams onto the heat shrinkable tube thus-obtained in a narrow region thereof including the specific insulated portion 5, at an intensity of 20 Mrad, in order to render the shrink ratio of the region including the specific insulated portion 5 smaller than the shrink ratio of the remainder of the heat shrinkable tube. 
     Since, in the heat shrinkable tube 6 used in this invention the outer semiconductive member 4 and the specific insulated portion 5 together form an integrated unit preliminarily before use, there is no occurrence of no disadvantageous phenomenon that the tip of the outer semiconductive member in the specific insulated portion is fluidized or deformed to form a sharp protrusion leading to deteriorated electrical properties which would often be encountered in the conventional method in which the outer semiconductive member and the specific insulated portion are formed by winding uncross-linked polyethylene tape around the reinforcing insulation layer and these members are heat molded simultaneously together with the reinforcing insulation material. 
     In addition to the above, the insulated electrical wires and cables produced by the method of this invention have another advantage. That is, in the heat shrinkable tube according to this invention, the shrink ratio of the specific insulated portion and the neighboring region is made smaller than the shrink ratio of the remainder of the heat shrinkable tubes and as a result this invention is free of problems of shape retention at the connection part of the wires or cables, and the problem wherein the tip of the outer semiconductive member in the specific insulated portion penetrates into the reinforcing insulation layer, which would be observed in the case wherein the outer semiconductive member and the specific insulated portion are formed by placing first a semiconductive heat shrinkable tube then an insulating heat shrinkable tube in this order on the reinforcing insulation layer, whereafter both tubes are heat molded simultaneously together with the reinforcing insulation layer. 
     Further, when the reinforcing insulation layer made of a cross-linking agent containing thermoplastic resin, e.g., polyethylene is heat treated to cross-link it and then first a semiconductive heat shrinkable tube followed by an insulating heat shrinkable tube are provided on the reinforcing insulation layer, followed by heating, penetration of the tip of the outer semiconductive member in the specific insulated portion into the reinforcing insulation layer can be prevented. However, this method takes a relatively long time to connect the cable since heat molding is conducted twice. Nevertheless, this embodiment of this invention can reduce time for working or connecting electrical wires or cables since the heat shrinkable tube can be heat molded together with the reinforcing insulation layer simultaneously after the former is placed on the latter. 
     In this invention, it is for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of voids that heating of the connection part of electrical wires or cables is performed under pressure. 
     As a means for pressurization a method can be used in which the connection part is sealed in a pressurizing container and a gas or oil or similar fluid is introduced under pressure, or a method can be used in which tension generated by winding the vulcanized rubber tape strongly around the connection part of the electrical wire or cable is used to create pressure. Of these methods the use of pressurizing container and an inert gas such as nitrogen gas for pressurization is preferred since the period of time required for heat molding can be shortened and at the same time it is possible to form a smooth finish on the surface of the connection part of the electrical wire or cable. A further advantage of this method is that there is no danger that the gas for pressurization will be incorporated in the reinforcing insulation layer since the reinforcing insulation layer is covered by the heat shrinkable tube, and that it is unnecessary to wipe out oils after heat molding. Thus, this invention fully utilizes the advantages derived by the use of heat shrinkable tubes. 
     EXAMPLES 1-3 AND COMPARISON EXAMPLES 1-5 
     In order to demonstrate the effects of this invention comparison was made between the method of this invention (Examples 1 to 3) and other methods (Comparison Examples 1 to 5) as described below. 
     Insulated connection parts were formed using a cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable having a conductor of cross section of 150 mm 2  and an insulation layer of 7 mm in thickness according to the methods shown in Table 1 below. 
     
                                           TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________        Comparison                 Comparison                          Comparison                                   ComparisonCable Connection Method        Example 1                 Example 2                          Example 3                                   Example 4__________________________________________________________________________Reinforcing Insulation        Poured into a                 Poured into                          Tape Wound                                   Tape WoundLayer (thickness: 10 mm)        Metal Mold                 a Metal MoldOuter Semiconductive        Tape Wound                 Tape Wound                          Semiconductive                                   SemiconductiveMember                         Heat Shrinkable                                   Heat Shrinkable                          Tube     TubeSpecific Insulated Portion        Tape Wound                 Tape Wound                          Insulating Heat                                   Insulating Heat(thickness: 3 mm               Shrinkable Tube                                   Shrinkable Tubelength: 30 mm)Heat MoldingReinforcing Insulation        Shaped Simulta-                 Vulcanized                          Shaped Simulta-                                   Under NitrogenMember       neously, Vulcan-                 Tape Wound                          neously, at                                   Gas Pressure        ized Tape Wound                 210° C. for                          210° C. for 2                                   210° C. for 2        *1 210° C. for 4                 4 Hours  Hours under                                   Hours        Hours             Nitrogen Gas                          Pressure *2Outer Semiconductive        (see above)                 Vulcanized                          (see above)                                   Under NitrogenLayer Provided with   Tape Wound        Gas PressureSpecific Insulated    210° C. for                                   210° C. for 2Portion               2 Hours           Hours__________________________________________________________________________        ComparisonCable Connection Method        Example 5                 Example 1                          Example 2                                   Example 3__________________________________________________________________________Reinforcing Insulation        Poured into a                 Tape Wound                          Poured into a                                   Poured into aLayer (thickness: 10 mm)        Metal Mold        Metal Mold                                   Metal MoldOuter Semiconductive        Semiconductive                 Heat Shrinkable                          Heat Shrinkable                                   Heat ShrinkableMember       Heat Shrinkable                 Tube Consisting                          Tube Consisting                                   Tube Consisting        Tube     of an Integrated                          of an Integrated                                   of an Integrated                 Unit of Outer                          Unit of Outer                                   Unit of Outer                 Semiconductive                          Semiconductive                                   Semiconductive                 Member and                          Member and                                   Member and                 Specific Insu-                          Specific Insu-                                   Specific Insu-                 lated Portion                          lated Portion                                   lated PortionSpecific Insulated        Insulating Heat                 (see above)                          (see above)                                   (see above)Portion (thickness:        Shrinkable Tube3 mm, length: 30 mm)Heat MoldingReinforcing Insula-        Shaped Simulta-                 Shaped Simulta-                          Shaped Simulta-                                   Shaped Simulta-tion Member  neously at 210° C.                 neously at 210° C.                          neously, neously at 210° C.        for 2 Hours                 for 2 Hours                          Vulcanized Tape                                   for 2 Hours        under Nitrogen                 under Nitrogen                          Wound at 210° C.                                   under Nitrogen        Gas Pressure                 Gas Pressure                          for 4 Hours                                   Gas PressureOuter Semiconductive        (see above)                 (see above)                          (see above)                                   (see above)Member Provided withSpecific InsulatedPortion__________________________________________________________________________ Note:  *1 Vulcanized tape wound: Vulcanized SBR rubber tape was elongated 100% and wound to a thickness of 10 mm to effect pressurization. *2 Nitrogen gas pressure: Pressurization was performed at a pressure of 5 kg/cm.sup.2 using a pressurizing container. 
    
     The appearance of the surface, condition of the tip of the outer semiconductive layer in the specific insulated portion, and AC initial breakdown value were compared and the results obtained are shown in Table 2 below. 
     
                                           TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________          Comparison                   Comparison                           Comparison                                   ComparisonResults        Example 1                   Example 2                           Example 3                                   Example 4__________________________________________________________________________State of Interface between          Uneven   Uneven  Rather  SmoothReinforcing Insulation          UnevenLayer and Outer Semiconduc-tive MemberState of Tip of Outer          Protrusion                   No Protru-                           Protrusion                                   No Protru-Semiconductive Member in                   sion    Penetrating                                   sionSpecific Insulated Portion      into                           Reinforcing                           Insulation                           MemberAC Initial Break Down Value          80 KV    160 KV  110 KV  170 KV__________________________________________________________________________          ComparisonResults        Example 5                   Example 1                           Example 2                                   Example 3__________________________________________________________________________State of Interface between          Smooth   Rather Uneven                           Uneven  SmoothReinforcing InsulationLayer and Outer Semiconduc-tive MemberState of Tip of Outer          Protrusion                   No Protrusion                           No Protrusion                                   No ProtrusionSemiconductive Member in          Penetrating intoSpecific Insulated Portion          the Reinforcing          Insulation LayerAC Initial Break Down Value          120 KV   190 KV  180 KV  230 KV__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     From the results shown in Table 2 above, it can be seen that the method of forming insulated connection parts according to this invention as in Examples 1 to 3 is superior to the methods set forth in Comparison Examples 2 and 4 in that this invention enables one to form the parts in a much shortened period of time and in that this invention can prevent the occurrence of protrusion formed by fluidization or deformation of the tip of the outer semiconductive member in the specific insulated portion, which was observed in Comparison Example 1, or penetration of the tip of the outer semiconductive member in the specific insulated portion into the reinforcing insulation layer which was encountered in Comparison Examples 3 and 5. Thus, the method of this invention can provide a cable connection having improved electrical properties. 
     While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.