Abstract:
Disclosed herein are a processing method and a processing apparatus for processing a plurality of files stored on a storage medium. The processing method comprises the steps of: retrieving from the storage medium management data used to manage the files stored on the storage medium; storing the retrieved management data in association with information representing selection status, in terms of processing, of each of the files managed by use of the management data; displaying on a display device the management data and the information representing the selection status in association with the management data; giving an indication, on the display device, to one of items constituting the displayed information about the files, the indication indicating that the file denoted by the information item is an object of operation apart from the other files; and if a predetermined operation is detected, then causing the selection status of the other files to coincide with the selection status of the file indicated as the object of operation.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a processing method and a processing apparatus for processing a plurality of files stored on a storage medium so that any of the data items displayed in menu form may be selected.  
           [0002]    There already exist information processing apparatuses furnished with drives for accommodating a plurality of types of storage media. For example, conventional personal computers are typically equipped with a built-in hard disc drive and an optical disc drive, the latter allowing an optical disc to be loaded therein removably. In such a setup, data stored on the optical disc can be recorded (i.e., copied) to the hard disc.  
           [0003]    The optical disc typically contains a plurality of files in its folder. A user may select one or a plurality of desired files from within the folder for subsequent copying. The files to be copied are usually selected one at a time by the user.  
           [0004]    If the user wants to select most of the files in the folder, selecting the desired files one at a time can be a time-consuming chore. Where almost all files are to be selected, it is more convenient if all files are initially selected and the few unnecessary files are made unselected thereafter. If during a selection process the user wants to cancel the choices made so far and to perform another selection process from the beginning, it is more convenient if all files are made unselected collectively prior to the new selection.  
           [0005]    Each selected file is the file that is drawing the user&#39;s highest attention at that point in time. In that sense, the selected file should preferably be displayed in the location that is most visible from the user&#39;s point of view.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances and provides a processing method and a processing apparatus for processing a plurality of files stored on a storage medium, the method and apparatus serving so that if any one of data items displayed in menu form is selected, the selected data item is switched from one state to another while the remaining data items are set concurrently for the same state as that of the selected data item, whereby the number of operations made by a user is reduced and the ease of use of the apparatus is enhanced.  
           [0007]    In carrying out the invention and according to one aspect thereof, there is provided a processing method for processing a plurality of files stored on a storage medium, the processing method comprising the steps of: retrieving from the storage medium management data used to manage the files stored on the storage medium; storing the retrieved management data in association with information representing selection status, in terms of processing, of each of the files managed by use of the management data; displaying on a display device the management data and the information representing the selection status in association with the management data; giving an indication, on the display device, to one of items constituting the displayed information about the files, the indication indicating that the file denoted by the information item is an object of operation apart from the other files; and if a predetermined operation is detected, then causing the selection status of the other files to coincide with the selection status of the file indicated as the object of operation.  
           [0008]    According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a processing apparatus for processing a plurality of files stored on a storage medium, the processing apparatus comprising: inputting means for inputting management data retrieved from the storage medium, the management data being used to manage the files stored on the storage medium; storing means for storing the input management data in association with information representing selection status, in terms of processing, of each of the files managed by use of the management data; outputting means for outputting to a display device the management data and the information representing the selection status in association with the management data; operation data inputting means for inputting operation data from an operation device for selecting one of the files for processing apart from the other files; and controlling means for changing the selection status of one of the files highlighted as an object of operation into selection status reflecting the operation data input through the operation data inputting means, the controlling means further causing the selection status of the other files to coincide with the selection status of the file highlighted as the object of operation in accordance with the operation data input through the operation data inputting means.  
           [0009]    With these configurations, the inventive apparatus and method allow the user to select any one of the data items displayed as a menu in the selection status display area using the selecting element. In response to the user&#39;s suitable operation, the selected data item is switched from one state to another in the selection status display area and the remaining data items are also set for the same state as that of the selected data item. This makes it possible to reduce the number of operations made by the user and to enhance the ease of use of the apparatus.  
           [0010]    Even if not all data items are displayed at once on the displaying element, the inventive steps allow the user easily to change currently invisible data items from the selected state to the unselected state or vice versa without scrolling the screen, whereby operability of the apparatus is further improved. In particular, where data are stored hierarchically as in the case in which a plurality of files are stored in folders on the storage medium, selecting a high-order folder may render invisible all files subordinate to the selected folder on the displaying element. If that happens, switching the subordinate files from the selected state to the unselected state or vice versa can be a tiresome chore. In such cases, the inventive scheme allows the invisible data items to be switched between the selected and the unselected state without scrolling of the screen.  
           [0011]    The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like parts or elements denoted by like reference symbols. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of an information processing apparatus according to the invention;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the information processing apparatus in FIG. 1;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 3 is a flowchart of steps in which data held on an optical disc are copied to a hard disc;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a menu display screen in effect before copying is started;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a menu display screen in effect while copying is in progress;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of an information processing apparatus function for selecting data to be copied;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIGS. 7A, 7B and  7 C are explanatory views of menu display screens in effect when the data to be copied are selected;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a menu display screen in effect when the data to be copied are changed;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 9 is a flowchart of steps in which the data to be copied are selected;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a format in which data are stored onto the hard disc;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an information processing apparatus function for effecting searches through data recorded on the hard disc;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 12 is a flowchart of steps constituting a data search procedure;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIGS. 13A, 13B and  13 C are explanatory views of search screens being changed successively;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an information processing apparatus function for varying the transmission factor regarding each data item block on a menu display screen; and  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 15 is an explanatory view of a menu display screen on which the transmission factor is varied block by block. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0027]    Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by referring to the accompanying drawings, with the emphasis on an information processing apparatus. As shown in FIG. 1, an information processing apparatus  1  according to the invention has functions substantially similar to those of commonly used personal computers. The apparatus  1  comprises a body  2 , a monitor  3  such as a CRT (cathode ray tube) or an LCD (liquid crystal display) connected to the body  2 , speakers  10  connected to the body  2 ; an input unit  4  made up of a keyboard, a mouse, a track ball, and/or a joystick for inputting operation signals to the body  2 ; and a remote controller  5  for remotely controlling the body  2 .  
         [0028]    The apparatus body  2  incorporates a hard disc drive (HDD)  6  that stores an operating system, browsing software, an e-mail program, communication protocol settings, application programs, audio data, and other content data such as movie data. The body  2  also contains a disc cartridge drive  7 , an IC card drive  8  and an optical disc drive  9 . Each drive functions as an external storage drive that may have a suitable storage medium loaded in the body  2  removably. The disc cartridge drive  7  uses a disc cartridge  11  housing a magneto-optical disc as a storage medium; the IC card drive  8  utilizes an IC card  12  containing a semiconductor memory as a storage medium; and the optical disc drive  9  accommodates an optical disc  13  such as a CD or a DVD. The apparatus body  2  is connected to a network  15  such as the Internet by means of telecommunication lines  14 . In addition, the body  2  incorporates receivers which receive TV and radio broadcasts and which are connected to an antenna  16 . At the front top of the body  2  is an operation unit  17  made of a plurality of pushbuttons used to execute basic operations of the apparatus body  2 .  
         [0029]    With the information processing apparatus  1  having the above-described body  2 , the optical disc  13  such as a CD or a DVD may be loaded into the optical disc drive  9 , the disc cartridge  11  into the disc cartridge drive  7 , or the IC card  12  into the IC card drive  8 . From the storage medium thus loaded into the external storage, recorded content data such as audio data may be retrieved and saved into the HDD  6 . The HDD  6  is capable of storing content data such as audio data downloaded over the telecommunication lines  14  through EMD (electronic music distribution) services. The HDD  6  may also store TV and radio broadcast programs. Varieties of content data thus recorded to the HDD  6  may be retrieved therefrom and listened to through the speakers  10  or viewed on the monitor  3 .  
         [0030]    The information processing apparatus  1  is capable of copying various content data from the HDD  6  to the external storage such as the disc cartridge  11 , IC card  12  or optical disc  13 . This allows the user to reproduce the copied content data using a suitable portable player in his or her possession.  
         [0031]    With large quantities of content data stored on the HDD  6 , the information processing apparatus  1  permits easy retrieval of desired data from among those stored. When furnished with a microphone  18 , the information processing apparatus  1  allows the user to search for and retrieve the targeted content data by voice.  
         [0032]    Furthermore, the information processing apparatus  1  allows the user to browse websites or send and receive e-mail when connected to the network  15  (Internet) via telecommunication lines  14 .  
         [0033]    A typical circuit structure of the information processing apparatus  1  above will now be described with reference to FIG. 2. The apparatus  1  is made up broadly of two sections: a computer  21  that carries out diverse kinds of information processing, and a system control unit  22  that controls the computer  21 .  
         [0034]    In the computer  21 , a CPU (central processing unit)  23  provides overall control of the computer  21 . A memory  24  illustratively composed of a RAM (random access memory) is loaded with data typically from the hard disc, the loaded data being operated on by the CPU  23 . A GMCH (graphic memory control hub)  25  incorporating a monitor cache and an image display controller functions as a control unit that controls both access to the memory  24  and image display on the monitor  3 . The GMCH  25  also provides an interface between the CPU  23  and other circuits including an ICH (I/O controller hub)  26 . A monitor driver  3   a  converts video signals to a predetermined signal format before outputting the converted signals to the monitor  3  for display.  
         [0035]    The ICH (I/O controller hub)  26  for controlling data input and output has an IDE (integrated drive electronics) interface  27  and a USB (universal serial bus) interface  28 . The IDE interface  27  interfaces with the HDD  6  and optical disc drive  9 , while the USB interface  28  interfaces with a USB-connectable device such as the microphone  18 . A serial interface  29  controls serial communications and is connected with the input unit  4  such as the keyboard as well as with a system microcomputer  43 . The input from the input unit  4  or from the system microcomputer  43  is forwarded to the ICH  26  through the serial interface  29 .  
         [0036]    A PCI (peripheral component interconnect) bus  30  is connected to a TV tuner  31  and a modem  32  as well as to the ICH  26 . The TV tuner  31  connected to a TV antenna  16   a  receives RF signals therefrom and demodulates the received signals before outputting the demodulated signals onto the PCI bus  30 . Illustratively, TV signals are recorded to the HDD  6  via the PCI bus  30 . The TV tuner  31  selectively receives the input from a video/audio input unit  42  or from the TV antenna  16   a  so as to place the selected input onto the PCI bus  30 . The modem  32  performs digital-to-analog or analog-to-digital data conversion and effects necessary line control to communicate with external communication devices over telephone lines. A network interface  33  permits communications through the Ethernet (registered trademark). A sound interface  34  selectively outputs input audio signals to relevant circuits. An FM tuner  35  receives FM broadcast signals from an FM antenna  16   b  and demodulates the received signals before outputting the demodulated signals to the sound interface  34 .  
         [0037]    The disc cartridge drive  7  is loaded with a disc cartridge containing a magneto-optical disc or an optical disc as the storage medium and is controlled by the system microcomputer  43 . Data are input to and output from the disc cartridge drive  7  through the USB interface  36 . The data input and output may alternatively be effected through an I 2 C interface constituting a serial I/O bus. The IC card drive  8  is loaded with an IC card containing a semiconductor memory as the storage medium. Data input and output to and from the IC card drive  8  as well as its control are carried out through the USB interface  36 . An IEEE 1394 interface  37  controls communications in the IEEE 1394 format and interfaces with the PCI bus  30 .  
         [0038]    A DIR (digital audio interface receiver)  38  that selectively receives digital audio data switches the audio signal to be sent to the outside. Illustratively, the audio signal fed from the disc cartridge drive  7  or from the sound interface  34  is forwarded selectively to an audio DSP (digital signal processor)  39  through the DIR  38 . The audio DSP  39  acting as an audio data processor subjects the audio signal from the DIR  38  to equalizing and other necessary signal processes before outputting the processed signal to a digital amplifier  40  or an audio output unit  41 . The digital amplifier  40  amplifies the audio signal to a level high enough for audible output through the speakers  10 . The audio output unit  41  performs signal level rectification and other relevant processes before sending the audio signal to an external device.  
         [0039]    The system microcomputer  43  as part of the system control unit  22  is connected to the serial interface  29  and feeds the input from the operation unit  17  or remote controller  5  to the CPU  23  or other relevant circuits through the serial interface  29 . A power supply unit  44  supplies power to the system microcomputer  43  and other circuits. Under control of the system microcomputer  43 , the power supply unit  44  turns on and off the supply of power to the computer  21 .  
         [0040]    Described below with reference to the accompanying drawings is an example in which audio data held on the optical disc  13  placed in the optical disc drive  9  are copied to the HDD  6  of the information processing apparatus  1  described above.  
         [0041]    When the user first operates the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4  suitably, the information processing apparatus  1  loads into the memory  24  an application program for copying audio datafrom the optical disc drive  9  to the hard disc under control of the CPU  23 . The user then loads the appropriate optical disc  13  into the optical disc drive  9  of the information processing apparatus  1 .  
         [0042]    As shown in FIG. 3, the information processing apparatus  1  activates the optical disc drive  9  in step S 1  to search a TOC (table of contents) of the loaded optical disc  13  for retrieval of the table of data held on the disc. In step S 2 , the CPU  23  performs a search through the audio data stored on the HDD  6 . In step S 3 , the GMCH  25  under control of the CPU  23  causes the monitor  3  to give a menu display of the results of the search. Specifically, the monitor  3  displays lists of the audio data held on the optical disc  13  and of the audio data stored on the HDD  6 .  
         [0043]    A typical menu display screen  50  for listing the audio data held on the optical disc  13  and HDD  6  is explained below by referring to FIG. 4. The screen  50  includes an optical disc-dedicated display area  51  and a hard disc-dedicated display area  52  arranged side by side. The optical disc-dedicated display area  51  shows data contents recorded on the optical disc, while the hard disc-dedicated display area  52  indicates data contents stored on the hard disc. The menu display screen  50  also includes a copying time display area  57  indicating the expected time required to copy all selected audio data, and a first indicator area  58  that provides a bar chart-like indication showing how far the copying of the selected audio data has progressed. Furthermore, the menu display screen  50  comprises scroll buttons  62  and  63 . The scroll buttons  62  are used to scroll the audio data displayed in the optical disc-dedicated display area  51 , and the scroll buttons  63  are operated to scroll the audio data shown in the hard disc-dedicated display area  52 .  
         [0044]    The optical disc-dedicated display area  51  includes four subordinate areas: a selection status display area  53  indicating the selected or unselected state of audio data to be copied; a sequence display area  54  indicating the recording sequence of the audio data stored on the optical disc  13 ; a music title display area  55  showing the titles of pieces of music; and a playing time display area  56  indicating the reproduction times of the audio data items held on the optical disc  13 . The selection status display area  53 , sequence display area  54 , and playing time display area  56  have their fields arranged in rows, each row of fields being assigned to a single item of audio data stored on the optical disc  13 . In the optical disc-dedicated display area  51 , the numbers in the sequence display area  54  are arranged in such a manner that the data item numbered “1” appears in the middle of the area. Under the data item numbered “1” come those with their numbers arranged in ascending order (“2,” “3,” “4,” etc.). Immediately above the item numbered “1” appears the last data item with the highest number (“9” in the example of FIG. 4) followed upwards by the items with their numbers in descending order (“8,” “7,” etc.). In other words, the optical disc-dedicated display area  51  displays part of a loop-like data sequence made up of sequentially sorted data item numbers with the first number “1” positioned adjacent to the last number (“9” in FIG. 4), the data item numbered “1” being located in the middle of the area. As a result, the optical disc-dedicated display area  51  indicates the audio data item numbered “1” in the middle of the sequence display area  54 , the item numbered “1” being followed downwards by the audio data items with their numbers in ascending order and upwards by those with their numbers in descending order starting from the highest number. If it is desired to select a data item not currently displayed, the desired data item can be brought into the optical disc-dedicated display area  51  for display by operating the scroll buttons  62  with the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 . With the data item on display, the corresponding field in the selection status display area  53  may be set either for the selected or the unselected state.  
         [0045]    The selection status display area  53  shows whether each audio data item is currently selected. The selection status settings in the fields of the area  53  may be changed each by operation of the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 . Illustratively, when a given data item is selected, a status circle in the corresponding field of the display area  53  is rendered filled; when the data item is unselected, the corresponding circle is rendered blank.  
         [0046]    The hard disc-dedicated display area  52  includes a music title display area  59  and a size display area  60 . The music title display area  59  indicates the titles of the pieces of music stored on the HDD  6 . The size display area  60  shows the data size of each audio data item being stored.  
         [0047]    After obtaining the tables of recorded contents from the optical disc  13  and HDD  6 , the information processing apparatus  1  displays the acquired tables (of recorded audio data) in the display areas  51  and  52  on the monitor  3 . This allows the user visually to ascertain the audio data stored on the optical disc  13  and HDD  6 .  
         [0048]    In step S 4 , in response to the user&#39;s operation, the information processing apparatus  1  selects audio data items to be copied to the HDD  6  from among the audio data held on the optical disc  13 . Specifically, the user clicks on the selection status setting (i.e., circle) in each field of the selection status display area  53  using a mouse or the like. The clicks, when detected, cause the information processing apparatus  1  to select either the selected state (indicated by a filled circle) or the unselected state (denoted by a blank circle) for each audio data item on display.  
         [0049]    In step S 5 , the user suitably operates the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4  causing the information processing apparatus  1  to start copying under control of the CPU  23 . The apparatus  1  reads the selected audio data items (their status circles shown filled) in the numbered sequence of the sequence display area  54  and copies the selected items consecutively to the HDD  6 . As an alternative, the copying sequence may be changed as desired by the user.  
         [0050]    A typical menu display screen  50  in effect while copying is in progress is described below by referring to FIG. 5. The first indicator area  58  showing progress status of all data being copied gradually changes in color from the leftmost position towards the rightmost position (in step S 6  of FIG. 3). The first indicator area  58  also displays the title of the currently copied piece of music, a total data size of the audio data that have been copied so far, and the ongoing copying speed.  
         [0051]    The information processing apparatus  1  displays the currently copied audio data item always in the middle of the optical disc-dedicated display area  51  so that the user can immediately recognize which data item is being copied. In the example of FIG. 5, the data item numbered “2” is currently copied and its title thus appears in the middle of the display area  51 .  
         [0052]    The information processing apparatus  1  turns the currently copied audio data item, i.e., the centrally positioned audio data item, into a block  64  that functions as a second indicator area  61  indicating progress status of the data item being copied. In the example of FIG. 5, the audio data item numbered “1” in the sequence display area  54  has already been copied, as indicated by the second indicator area  61  of that data item having completely changed its color. The audio data item numbered “2” in the sequence display area  54  is now being copied, with its color changed halfway reflecting progress status of the copying. Each copied audio data item (numbered “1” in the case of FIG. 5) is shifted in display from the optical disc-dedicated display area  51  to the hard disc-dedicated display area  52 , so that the user can visually confirm that the copying of the audio data in question is indeed complete.  
         [0053]    When the copying of all selected data is finished, the information processing apparatus  1  reaches step S 7  (FIG. 3). In step S 7 , the apparatus  1  illustratively causes the monitor  3  to display a screen notifying the user of the completion of the copying.  
         [0054]    As explained in the above examples, the user can visually verify both overall progress status and progress status of individual audio data items. Specifically, the user can see at a glance how far the copying of the desired audio data has progressed, which audio data item is being copied, and what is the amount of the audio data yet to be copied. If the personal computer happens to be disabled during copying, the user is able to know up to which data item the copying has been completed.  
         [0055]    In the example above, the audio data stored on the optical disc  13  have been shown copied to the HDD  6 . However, this is not limitative of the invention. Alternatively, the inventive apparatus allows data to be copied in diverse manners:  
         [0056]    1. from the disc cartridge  11  to the HDD  6 ;  
         [0057]    2. from the IC card  12  to the HDD  6 ;  
         [0058]    3. from the HDD  6  to the disc cartridge  11 ;  
         [0059]    4. from the HDD  6  to the IC card  12 ;  
         [0060]    5. from the HDD  6  to the optical disc  13 ;  
         [0061]    6. from the disc cartridge  11  to the IC card  12 ;  
         [0062]    7. from the disc cartridge  11  to the optical disc  13 ;  
         [0063]    8. from the IC card  12  to the disc cartridge  11 ;  
         [0064]    9. from the IC card  12  to the optical disc  13 ; and  
         [0065]    10. from an EMD (electronic music distribution) service to the HDD  6 , disc cartridge  11 , IC card  12 , or optical disc  13 .  
         [0066]    The information processing apparatus  1  may illustratively copy audio data from the IC card  12  to the HDD  6  as mentioned above. At this point, it might happen that any one of the audio data items on menu display is highlighted as an object of operation and placed in the selected state for copying and that the selected state of the audio data item is switched to the unselected state by the user. In that case, the apparatus  1  also sets all remaining audio data items for the unselected state. Likewise, any one audio data item highlighted as the object of operation may be shown placed in the unselected state for copying in the selection status display area before being switched to the selected state. If that happens, the apparatus  1  sets the remaining audio data items for the selected state as well. This feature is intend to simplify the user&#39;s data selecting chores by reducing the number of selecting operations that need to be performed by the user.  
         [0067]    The feature above is described below in more detail by referring to FIG. 6. The information processing apparatus  1  is assumed to incorporate in the memory  24  a selection status holding part  71  that retains status settings in the selection status display area  53 , i.e., the setting reflecting whether each of the audio data held by the IC card  12  in the IC card drive  8  is selected for copying to the HDD  6 . In response to the user&#39;s selection status change input from the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 , the CPU  23  changes the selection status of the highlighted audio data item in the selection status holding part  71 . When the user inputs a selected position change from the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 , the CPU  23  changes accordingly the selected audio data item position in the selection status holding part  71 .  
         [0068]    Described below with reference to FIG. 7A is a typical menu display screen  72  showing the audio data held in the IC card  12  when the data are to be copied to the HDD  6 . The screen  72  is made up of four major areas: a selection status display area  73  showing the selected or unselected state of each audio data item which is held in the IC card  12  and which may or may not be copied; a music title display area  74  indicating the titles of the pieces of music constituted by the audio data held in the IC card  12 ; an artist name display area  75  listing the names of the artists associated with the audio data; and a playing time display area  76  showing the reproduction times of the audio data items being stored. The menu display screen  72  also includes: a designation button  77  used to designate the data item to be copied selectively; an all-designation button  78  used to specify whether or not to select all data to be copied; a copy start button  79  for starting the copying; and scroll buttons  80  for scrolling the menu display. Thus structured, the menu display screen  72  initially displays the centrally located data item (with a music title of “AAAAA” in the example of FIG. 7A) as a block  81  made different in color from the other data items in order to draw the user&#39;s attention. The block with its color thus changed means it is currently highlighted as the object of operation.  
         [0069]    When a given data item is thus highlighted as the object of operation in the menu, the corresponding setting in the selection status display area  73  is either selected or unselected by clicking on the designation button  77  and all-designation button  78  with the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 . Clicking on the designation button  77  sets the currently highlighted data item as the object of operation either for the selected state (i.e., status circle shown filled) or for the unselected state (status circle shown blank). Clicking on the all-designation button  78  not only sets the currently highlighted data item as the object of operation for the selected or unselected state but also sets all remaining data items for the same state.  
         [0070]    As shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 8, if the data items on display are scrolled by operation of the scroll buttons  80 , the centrally located data item in the menu is always shown highlighted as the object of operation. If any block  81  other than that of the centrally displayed item is highlighted specifically by the user manipulating the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 , then the particularly highlighted data item is positioned in the middle of the menu. In the example of FIG. 8, the data item with a music title of “DDDDD” is brought to the center of the menu either by operating the scroll buttons  80  or by highlighting specifically the data item with the title “DDDDD.” 
         [0071]    The data item or items to be copied are selected illustratively as described below with reference to FIG. 9. When the user first operates the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4  suitably, the information processing apparatus  1  loads into the memory  24  an application program for copying audio data from the IC card  12  in the IC card drive  8  to the HDD  6  under control of the CPU  23 . In step S 11  of FIG. 9, the CPU  23  performs a search through the audio data held in the IC card  12 , and the GMCH  25  under control of the CPU  23  causes the result of the search to appear as a menu display screen  72  (shown in FIG. 7A) on the monitor  3 . At this point, the GMCH  25  turns the centrally displayed data item block  81  (with the music title of “AAAAA”) into a color different from that of the other data blocks, highlighting the block  81  as the object of operation. The selection status holding part  71  in the memory  24  initially retains the status settings of the data items in the selection status display area  73 . Illustratively, the holding part  71  retains as initial settings all data items being selected in the selection status display area  73 . Obviously, the initial settings may alternatively be constituted by all data items being unselected. As another alternative of the initial settings to be retained, only the centrally displayed data item may be unselected and the remaining items all selected; as a further alternative, only the centrally displayed data item may be selected and the remaining items all unselected.  
         [0072]    In step S 12  of FIG. 9, the CPU  23  judges whether any change is made in selection status to the centrally displayed, currently highlighted data item as the object of operation (with the music title of “AAAAA” in FIG. 7A) from the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5 , or input unit  4 . In other words, a check is made to see whether the all-designation button  78  is clicked. If such change is judged entered, step S 13  is reached; if no such change is judged effected, step S 17  is reached.  
         [0073]    In step S 13 , the CPU  23  references the selection status holding part  71  to see whether the block  81  of the centrally displayed, currently highlighted data item as the object of operation is set for the selected state. If the block  81  is found set for the selected state, step S 14  is reached; otherwise step S 15  is reached.  
         [0074]    In step S 14 , the CPU  23  judges that the block  81  of the centrally displayed, currently highlighted data item as the object of operation is in the selected state. Because the change in selection status was entered earlier, the CPU  23  proceeds accordingly to replace the selected state with the unselected state.  
         [0075]    In step S 15 , the CPU  23  judges that the block  81  of the centrally displayed, currently highlighted data item as the object of operation is in the unselected state. In response to the change in selection status made earlier, the CPU  23  proceeds in this case to replace the unselected state with the selected state.  
         [0076]    In step S 16 , the CPU  23  alters the status indications of the remaining data item blocks in the selection status display area  73  in accordance with the previously made change in the block  81  of the centrally displayed, currently highlighted data item as the object of operation. That is, if the block  81  of the centrally displayed, currently highlighted data item as the object of operation is changed from the unselected state to the selected state, then the CPU  23  sets the blocks of all remaining data items for the selected state (thus all status circles are shown filled) as depicted in FIG. 7B; if the block  81  of the centrally displayed, currently highlighted data item as the object of operation is changed from the selected state to the unselected state, then the CPU  23  sets the blocks of all remaining data items for the unselected state (all status circles shown blank) as indicated in FIG. 7C.  
         [0077]    If no change was made in step S 12  earlier, then the CPU  23  goes to step S 17 . In step S 17 , the CPU  23  checks to see whether any instruction is input from the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4  prompting a change in selection status to any data item block other than the block  81  of the centrally located data item. In other words, a check is made to see if the scroll buttons  80  are clicked or if any data item other than the centrally located data item is highlighted. If such an instruction is found entered, step S 18  is reached; otherwise the processing is brought to an end.  
         [0078]    In step S 18 , the CPU  23  alters the content of the selection status display area  73  in such a manner that the newly highlighted data item as the object of operation is positioned in the middle. That is, if the scroll buttons  80  are clicked, the block  81  of the centrally displayed data item is always shown highlighted as the object of operation. If any data item block other than the centrally located data item is highlighted as the object of operation, the newly picked data block is centrally displayed and shown highlighted as the object of operation.  
         [0079]    As described, if most of the data items held in the IC card  12  need to be copied, then the user may highlight the block  81  as the object of operation in the unselected state (with status circle shown blank) and click on the all-designation button  78  to set all data items for the selected state (with status circles now shown filled). Then the user may highlight unnecessary data item blocks as the object of operation and click on the designation button  77  to set each unnecessary data item for the unselected state (with status circle shown blank). If only a few of the data items retained in the IC card  12  need to be copied, the user may highlight the block  81  as the object of operation in the selected state (with status circle shown filled) and click on the all-designation button  78  to set all data items for the unselected state (with status circles shown blank). Then the user may highlight the desired data item blocks as the object of operation and click on the designation button  77  to set each necessary data item for the selected state (with status circle shown filled). Thereafter the user may click on the copy start button  79  to copy the required data from the IC card  12  to the HDD  6 . In this manner, the number of operations to be performed by the user upon copying is made substantially smaller than if desired data items need to be individually selected for copying. This feature contributes to simplifying the user&#39;s data selecting chores preparatory to copying. Because the information processing apparatus  1  always displays the data item currently highlighted by the user in the middle of the menu, a high degree of visibility is ensured and thereby the ease of operation is enhanced.  
         [0080]    Even if not all data items are displayed on the monitor  3 , the steps described above allow the user easily to change currently invisible data items from the selected state to the unselected state or vice versa. With no need for the user to scroll the screen all the time, the operability of the apparatus is further improved.  
         [0081]    In the example above, the audio data stored in the IC card  12  have been shown copied to the HDD  6 . However, this is not limitative of the invention. Alternatively, the inventive apparatus allows data to be copied in the following cases as well:  
         [0082]    1. from the optical disc  13  to the HDD  6 ;  
         [0083]    2. from the disc cartridge  11  to the HDD  6 ;  
         [0084]    3. from the HDD  6  to the disc cartridge  11 ;  
         [0085]    4. from the HDD  6  to the IC card  12 ;  
         [0086]    5. from the HDD  6  to the optical disc  13 ;  
         [0087]    6. from the disc cartridge  11  to the IC card  12 ;  
         [0088]    7. from the disc cartridge  11  to the optical disc  13 ;  
         [0089]    8. from the IC card  12  to the disc cartridge  11 ;  
         [0090]    9. from the IC card  12  to the optical disc  13 ; and  
         [0091]    10. from an EMD service to the HDD  6 , disc cartridge  11 , IC card  12 , or optical disc  13 .  
         [0092]    As described, the HDD  6  of the information processing apparatus  1  can accommodate data from diverse storage media: from the optical disc  13 , from the IC card  12 , or from any EMD service offering its data for download. The HDD  6  may be constituted illustratively by a mass-storage hard disc with a storage capacity of 40 gigabytes or thereabout, so that it can store audio data of up to 5,000 titles.  
         [0093]    When audio data are copied from the disc cartridge  11 , IC card  12  or optical disc  13  to the HDD  6 , each audio data item saved onto the HDD  6  is associated with the name of the album that contains the data item in question, the title of the piece of music represented by the data item, the name of the artist involved with the audio data, and the date and time of data recording to the HDD  6 , as shown in FIG. 10. The album names, music titles, artist names, and the dates and times of recording serve each as a keyword for a subsequent search through the audio data thus stored on the HDD  6 .  
         [0094]    How audio data are saved onto the HDD  6  is described below by referring to FIG. 11. Audio data are first input from the video/audio input unit  42 , disc cartridge drive  7 , IC card drive  8 , or optical disc drive  13 . The input audio data are forwarded through the sound interface  34  and recorded to the HDD  6 . In that case, a ripping unit  91  either included in the sound interface  34  or constituted by software converts the audio data to a format suitable for storage onto the HDD  6 . Before being written to the HDD  6 , all audio data items are associated with relevant album names, music titles, artist names, and dates and times of recording. The audio data are compressed illustratively by a method known as ATRAC3 (Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding 3; trademark) before being copied to the HDD  6 .  
         [0095]    Alternatively, the audio data may be compressed by such methods as MPEG-2AAC (Moving Picture Experts Group 2 Advanced Audio Coding; trademark), MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3; trademark), TwinVQ (Transform-Domain Weighted Interleave Vector Quantization; trademark), MS Audio (WMA: Windows Media Audio; trademark), or Ogg Vorbis (trademark).  
         [0096]    The album names, music titles and artist names to be associated with the compressed audio data in storage are entered through the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 . Instead of manipulating the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4  in entering the album names, music titles and artist names, the user may gain access either to an external database through the network  15  or to an internal database built on the HDD  6  in order to acquire the necessary data entries. The dates and times of audio data recording are established by referring to a built-in clock of the apparatus body  2 .  
         [0097]    When reproducing audio data from the HDD  6 , the user selects the desired audio data item. The CPU  23  retrieves the selected audio data item from the HDD  6  and subjects the retrieved data item to a reproduction process. The process is carried out by a reproduction unit  92  made up of the sound interface  34 , audio DSP  39 , and digital amplifier  40 . After decompressing the audio data item from its compressed state, the reproduction unit  92  subjects the data to suitable signal processes such as equalizing and outputs the data thus processed through the speakers  10 .  
         [0098]    The information processing apparatus  1  retains on its HDD  6  search software that allows the user to search for and retrieve desired audio data items from among the numerous audio data items stored on the HDD  6 . For data search purposes, the information processing apparatus  1  has two functionally distinct units: a sorting unit  93  and a search unit  94 , both constituted by software.  
         [0099]    A sort condition is input to the sorting unit  93  from the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 . Specifically, the sorting unit  93  first admits the sort condition in terms of an album name, a music title or an artist name. Given the condition, the sorting unit  93  sorts the data held on the HDD  6  alphabetically, in the order of the Japanese syllabary, or in any other suitable order by referring to the album names, music titles or artist names associated with the stored data. If the user enters a date and a time of recording as the sort condition, the sorting unit  93  sorts the audio data held on the HDD  6  chronologically or in reverse chronological order with reference to their dates and times of recording. The sorting unit  93  then causes the monitor  3  to display the data thus sorted as shown in FIG. 13B. The sorted data are arranged into a loop-like data sequence with the first data item positioned adjacent to the last data item.  
         [0100]    The search unit  94  receives a keyword for search in terms of character data from the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 . The search unit  94  may also admit from the microphone  18  a keyword in the form of audio data having undergone a voice recognition process. A search for the data item identified by the keyword is effected by the search unit  94  comparing the entered keyword with the album names, music titles or artist names of the audio data held on the HDD  6 . The result of the search is displayed on the monitor  3 . Specifically, if character data are entered as the keyword from the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 , the search unit  94  performs a matching process starting from the first character string of the album names, music titles or artist names for search purposes, and displays the result of the search on the monitor  3  as shown in FIG. 13C. If the keyword is input by voice from the microphone  18 , the search unit  94  compares the recognized voice with the character strings of the album names, music titles or artist names for search purposes, and displays the result of the search on the monitor  3  likewise.  
         [0101]    In the case above, the search unit  94  positions the audio data item that matches or is the closest to the keyword in the middle of the menu and highlights that item in a color different from that of the other audio data items on the monitor  3 . The reason why the audio data item that matches or is the closest to the keyword is centrally displayed is that the position attracts the user&#39;s attention most effectively; the centrally located data item is highlighted because that item is most likely to be reproduced by the user&#39;s next operation. Furthermore, the search unit  94  shifts the loop-like data sequence sorted by the sorting unit  93 , in such a manner that the audio data item that matches or is the closest to the keyword is always displayed in the middle of the menu, flanked by the closely related data items on the monitor  3 . Under the centrally displayed data item come the ensuing data items sorted by the sorting unit  93  and arranged downwards in sequential order; above the centrally displayed data item are the preceding data sorted likewise but arranged upwards in the reverse order. It should be noted that the number of the data items shown included in the result of the search is not limited to what is shown in the figures.  
         [0102]    Described below with reference to FIG. 12 is how a search is typically made through audio data. When the search program is started, the information processing apparatus  1  causes the monitor  3  to display a menu display screen  101  as shown in FIG. 13A. The menu display screen  101  shows a menu of audio data items stored on the HDD  6 . Each audio data item is shown associated with the name of the album that contains the data item in question, the title of the piece of music represented by the data item, the name of the artist involved with the audio data, and the date and time of data recording to the HDD  6 . These audio data items are indicated randomly on the menu display screen  101 .  
         [0103]    In step S 21  of FIG. 12, the sorting unit  93  admits a sort condition from the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 . In step S 22 , the sorting unit  93  sorts the audio data in accordance with the input sort condition and displays the result of the sorting on the monitor  3 . In the example of FIG. 13B, an artist name is entered as the sort condition. In response, the sorting unit  93  sorts the stored artist names illustratively in alphabetical order, and the sorted data are arranged into a loop-like data sequence with the first data item positioned adjacent to the last data item. That is, in the example of FIG. 13B, the music title “AAAAA” associated with the first artist name “Ann” is shown adjacent to the music title “YYYYY” linked to the last artist name “Tom.” 
         [0104]    In step S 23 , the search unit  94  admits character data as the keyword for search from the operation unit  17 , remote controller  5  or input unit  4 . Alternatively, the search unit  94  may admit from the microphone  18  the keyword in the form of audio data having undergone a voice recognition process. In step S 24 , the search unit  94  performs a search by comparing the input keyword with the album names, music titles or artist names of the audio data held on the HDD  6 . The result of the search is displayed on the monitor  3 . For example, FIG. 13C shows a screen indicating the result of the search with a music title of “QQQQQ” used as the keyword. The music title “QQQQQ” that matched the keyword is highlighted and displayed in the middle of the display. Under the centrally displayed data item come the ensuing data items sorted by artist name and arranged downwards in sequential order (“John,” “Tom,” etc.); above the centrally displayed data item are the preceding data also sorted by artist name but arranged upwards in the reverse order (“John, “Bob,” etc.).  
         [0105]    In the example above, the audio data items are sorted by artist name before being subjected to the search based on the keyword of a music title. As a result, the screen of FIG. 13C allows the user not only to search for the desired audio data item but also to check the music title of the artist associated with the data item in question.  
         [0106]    For search purposes, audio data items may be sorted and searched for through different fields as described above, and may also be sorted and searched for in the same field. For example, if the music titles are sorted alphabetically, in the order of the Japanese syllabary, or in any other suitable order before being subjected to the search with a desired music title used as the keyword, the audio data item that matches or is the closest to the keyword is displayed in the middle of the menu, flanked vertically by the closely related data items. Even if the centrally displayed data item is not identical to what is desired, the necessary data item can likely be found nearby. As opposed to the above example in which the audio data items are initially sorted followed by the search for the target data item, the desired data item may be first searched for by use of the keyword and the result of the search may then be sorted based on a certain sort condition. Although the HDD  6  alone was shown subject to the search in the example above, this is not limitative of the invention. Alternatively, the sorting of and the search for desired data may also be carried out on the disc cartridge  11 , IC card  12 , optical disc  13 , or a server connected through the network.  
         [0107]    The menu display screen  50 ,  71  or  101  discussed above is displayed in superposed fashion on a background image. When any audio data item retrieved by the above-described search is reproduced, the monitor  3  shows as a background image a spectrum display of the audio data being played. Illustratively, all audio data being reproduced and output through the sound interface  34  are subject to fast Fourier transformation or other suitable processes for frequency analysis by the interface  34 . Spectrum data derived from the analysis under control of the sound interface  34  are turned into a matching background image that is displayed on the monitor  3 .  
         [0108]    The menu display screen  50 ,  71  or  101  superposed on the background image shows the blocks of data items in menu form with different transmission factors. This feature is designed to enhance the visibility of the data on display.  
         [0109]    More specifically, as shown in FIG. 14, the information processing apparatus  1  comprises a first mixer  111  and a second mixer  112 , both implemented illustratively by software. Take, as an example, the menu display screen  101  that displays the result of the search. The first mixer  111  admits background image transmission factor data about each data item block as well as background image data, the transmission factor data being retrieved from a transmission factor table held in suitable storing means such as the HDD  6 . As shown in FIG. 15, the transmission factor of a block  102   a  containing the centrally displayed data item that matches or is the closest to the keyword is set for zero percent relative to a background image  110 . The transmission factor for each of the neighboring blocks around the centrally located data item block  102   a  is made progressively higher relative to the background image  110  the farther the neighboring block away from the central location. The first mixer  111  outputs to the second mixer  112  the background image data based on the varying transmission factors.  
         [0110]    The second mixer  112  admits the background image data based on the dissimilar transmission factors, as well as character data made up of the album names, music titles, artist names, and recording times to be displayed in the blocks  102 . The second mixer  112  mixes the character data with the transmission factor-based background image data and outputs the result of the data mixture to the monitor  3  for display.  
         [0111]    The screen displayed on the monitor  3  in the case above is described below in more detail by referring to FIG. 15. The centrally located block  102   a  containing the audio data item that matches or is the closest to the keyword is given the lowest transmission factor of zero percent. That is, the background image  110  is totally hidden by the block  102   a  so that the block  102   a  attracts the user&#39;s highest attention. The upper and lower blocks  102   b  adjacent to the block  102   a  are given a slightly higher transmission factor barely allowing the background image  110  to be seen through. This allows the character data in the two adjacent blocks  102   b  to appear clearly and thus attract the user&#39;s second-highest attention next to the central block  102   a . The next upper and lower blocks  102   c  adjacent to the blocks  102   b  are given a bit higher transmission factor than the blocks  102   b  relative to the background image  110 . That is, the blocks  102   c  have a lower brightness level than the blocks  102   b  and thus attract the user&#39;s third-highest attention next to the blocks  102   b . The next upper and lower blocks  102   d  adjacent to the blocks  102   c  are given a still higher transmission factor than the blocks  102   c  relative to the background image  110 . In this example, the blocks  102   d  have the highest transmission factor and appear the darkest relative to the background image  110 , attracting the user&#39;s attention the least. In other words, the blocks flanking the centrally located block  102   a  are given progressively higher transmission factors relative to the background image  110  the farther the block away from the central location; the character data in each block appear increasingly unclear the closer the block to the upper or lower edge of the menu.  
         [0112]    According to the displaying method described above, the centrally located block  102   a  is assigned the lowest transmission factor of zero percent relative to the background image  110 . The neighboring blocks  102   b  through  102   d  are each given a progressively higher transmission factor the farther the block away from the central location. That means the display data appear increasingly darker the closer the block to the upper or lower edge of the menu against the background image  110 . On that display screen, the user&#39;s attention is first drawn to the centrally located block  102   a  before being attracted to the neighboring blocks in reverse proportion to their transmission factors. This feature is intended to enhance the visibility of the data items being displayed.  
         [0113]    The above manner of controlling the transmission factor relative to the background image  100  may also apply to the menu display screen  50 ,  71  or  101  described earlier. It will be appreciated that the transmission factor of the centrally displayed block  102   a  relative to the background image  110  is not limited to zero percent as long as the central block attracts the user&#39;s highest attention, as shown on the menu display screen  50 ,  71  or  101 . As an alternative to the above setup in which the transmission factor is varied block by block, the factor may be raised in a gradual, stepless fashion vertically on both sides of the centrally located block  102   a.    
         [0114]    In the example above, the progressively raised transmission factors of the blocks  102   b  through  102   d  relative to the background image  110  as they approach the upper or lower edge of the menu are implemented by use of the transmission factor table established on the HDD  6 . Alternatively, since the information processing apparatus  1  has substantially the same functions as those of personal computers, the apparatus  1  need not have recourse to the transmission factor table. Depending on its diverse kinds of software installed, the information processing apparatus  1  may provide various menu screen displays. When any one of such displays is effected, the apparatus  1  may compute the transmission factor in terms of distance away from the centrally located block and then provide a menu display screen on which the transmission factors of varying display locations are determined according to the result of the computation relative to the above-mentioned background image  110 .  
         [0115]    The functions and features of the information processing apparatus  1  described above may be implemented either by hardware or by software. For the software-based processing to take place, programs constituting the software may be installed onto the HDD  6  either from the disc cartridge  11 , IC card  12  or optical disc  13  loaded in the disc cartridge drive  7 , IC card drive  8  or optical disc drive  9 ; or from an external source following a download process over the network  15 .  
         [0116]    While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described using specific terms, such description is for illustrative purposes only, and it is to be understood that changes and variations may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the following claims.