Abstract:
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fastener including: a fastener body including: a cylindrical portion having an insertion hole formed therethrough; and a locking portion protruding outward from the cylindrical portion; and an unlocking member inserted into the insertion hole, wherein the locking portion is inserted into an attachment hole of an attachment object from a front side thereof, and exposed from a rear side of the attachment hole, wherein the locking portion has an elastic claw locked to an edge of the attachment hole at the rear side, wherein the elastic claw is elastically reducible in diameter, wherein the unlocking member is movable in a position rearward of the elastic claw, and wherein the locking portion is reduced in diameter when the unlocking member is pushed.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-172236 filed on Jun. 29, 2007, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    An aspect of the present invention relates to a fastener used, for example, to fix plate-like members such as exterior or interior components of vehicles to a vehicle panel. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Generally, fasteners fastening a plate-like member to a panel of a vehicle have a free detaching function, for example, so as to separate the plate-like member at the time of a break-down of an electric sun-roof. Such a kind of fastener is disclosed, for example, in JP-UM-H02-001525-B. 
         [0006]    The fastener disclosed in JP-UM-H02-001525-B is described in brief. The numbers in the brackets are reference numerals in JP-UM-H02-001525-B. The fastener ( 10 ) in JP-UM-H02-001525-B is completed by inserting an operation member ( 30 ) into an inner cylindrical portion ( 13 ) of a main body ( 11 ). By pressing and inserting an outer cylindrical portion ( 16 ) into an attachment hole ( 41 ), a locking claw ( 18 ) is locked and the fastener ( 10 ) is locked to the attachment hole ( 41 ) by single step. When detaching the fastener ( 10 ) from the attachment hole ( 41 ), a contact protrusion ( 20 ) of the main body ( 11 ) comes in slidable contact with a tapered portion ( 39 ) of the operation member ( 30 ) and moves inward, by pressing down the operation member ( 30 ). With the movement of the contact protrusion ( 20 ), an elastic portion ( 17 ) and a locking claw ( 18 ) are drawn inward. Accordingly, the locking claw ( 18 ) can be unlocked from the attachment hole ( 41 ). 
         [0007]    However, in the fastener described in JP-UM-H02-001525-B, the contact protrusion ( 20 ) is formed in an L-shaped plate ( 19 ). Accordingly, when the operation member ( 30 ) is pressed and thus the contact protrusion ( 20 ) is made to move inward, the L-shaped plate ( 19 ) is bent. As a result, the drawing force due to the inward movement of the contact protrusion ( 20 ) is not directly transmitted to the elastic portion ( 17 ) and the locking claw ( 18 ), whereby the locking to the attachment hole ( 41 ) may not be surely released. 
         [0008]    In the locked state of the fastener, the outer cylindrical portion ( 16 ) is deeply inserted into the attachment hole ( 41 ) and is exposed from the opposite side of a panel ( 40 ). When the locking to the attachment hole ( 41 ) is released, the diameter of the elastic portion ( 17 ) is made to be reduced by the tapered portion ( 39 ) formed in the inner middle portion of the operation member ( 30 ). Accordingly, the operation member ( 30 ) has to be pressed deeper. Therefore, an enough space between the vehicle panel and the panel ( 40 ) for inserting the operation member ( 30 ) is required to layout the fastener, thereby deteriorating the layout property. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    An object of the invention is to provide a fastener that has an excellent layout property and can reliably unlock a locking portion from an attachment hole by directly transmitting an external force to the locking portion locked to the attachment hole with a pressing operation of an unlocking member inserted into the fastener attachable and detachable by single step. 
         [0010]    According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fastener including: a fastener body that includes: a cylindrical portion that has an insertion hole formed to penetrate therethrough from one end face to the other end face thereof; and a locking portion that protrudes outward from the other end face of the cylindrical portion; and an unlocking member that is inserted into the insertion hole, wherein the locking portion is formed to be inserted into an attachment hole of an attachment object from a front side, and to be exposed from the attachment hole from a rear side, wherein the locking portion has an elastic claw that is locked to an edge of the attachment hole at the rear side, wherein the elastic claw is elastically reducible in diameter, wherein the unlocking member is movable in a position rearward of the elastic claw in a direction from the one end face to the other end face of the cylindrical portion, and wherein the locking portion is reduced in diameter when the unlocking member is pushed. 
         [0011]    According to such a configuration, the elastic claw is elastically reduced in diameter with an external force. Accordingly, the fastener can be reliably unlocked from the attachment hole by applying the external force directly to the elastic claw with the pressing operation of the unlocking member. 
         [0012]    The unlocking member is movable forward and backward in the back of the elastic claw and does not move to the end more than the elastic claw. Accordingly, by using the fastener according to the invention, it is enough if only a space corresponding to the insertion width for the locking portion is provided in the front space into which the locking portion is inserted, thereby improving the layout property of the fastener. 
         [0013]    The locking portion may include an extension part that is continuously formed with the elastic claw. The unlocking member may include a pressing portion. The pressing portion may be brought into contact with the extension part when the unlocking member is pushed. The elastic claw may be reduced in diameter through a contact between the pressing portion and the extension part. 
         [0014]    According to such a configuration, since the extension part of the elastic claw engages with the pressing portion of the unlocking member, the extension part is reliably pressed by the pressing portion at the time of the pressing operation of the unlocking member. Accordingly, the pressing operation of the unlocking member can directly reduce the diameter of the elastic claw. 
         [0015]    The elastic claw may push back the unlocking member by being released from a diameter-reduced state when a pressing operation onto the unlocking member is released. 
         [0016]    According to such a configuration, the unlocking member moves backward with the urging force by only releasing the pressing operation of unlocking member. Accordingly, the fastener has an excellent general-use property, because it can be reused without additional operation. 
         [0017]    The pressing portion may be formed at a distal end of the unlocking member. The extension part may be formed at a distal end of the elastic claw. 
         [0018]    According to such a configuration, since the extension part extending forward continuously from the elastic claw engages with the pressing portion disposed at the end of the unlocking member, it is possible to reduce the movement distance of the unlocking member, thereby further reduce the size of the fastener. 
         [0019]    The elastic claw and the extension part may form a cantilever piece, a root of the elastic claw being a base portion thereof, an end of the extension part being a free end thereof. The pressing portion may include a slope that is formed to reduce in diameter of the distal end of the extension part when the unlocking member is pushed. 
         [0020]    According to such a configuration, since the extension part formed in the form of a cantilever piece comes in contact with the pressing portion of the unlocking member at the rear end thereof and the pressing portion guides the extension part of the elastic claw along the slope in the diameter-reducing direction, it is possible to simplify the structure for directly reducing the diameter of the elastic claw at the time of the pressing operation of the unlocking member. 
         [0021]    The unlocking member may include: a head portion; a pair of wall portions that extends from the head portion so as to be faced with each other; a connection portion that connects ends of the pair of wall portions; a pressing portion that is formed on the connection portion; and a drop-preventing claw that is formed on the pair of wall portions. In the insertion hole, a drop-preventing step may be formed to be engaged with the drop-preventing claw and to prevent the unlocking member from dropping from the insertion hole. 
         [0022]    According to such a configuration, the unlocking member having both the bendable side portion and the strong pressing portion can be formed simply. By allowing the drop-preventing claw and the drop-preventing end to engage with each other, it is possible to prevent the unlocking member from dropping from the insertion hole. Since the unlocking member includes the drop-preventing claw but the pair of walls is bent to reduce the diameter of the drop-preventing claw inwardly at the time of inserting the unlocking member into the insertion hole, it is possible to easily insert the unlocking member into the insertion hole. 
         [0023]    The drop-preventing claw may include an elastic piece that protrudes from side edges of the pair of wall portions. 
         [0024]    According to such a configuration, the unlocking member is more easily bent due to the elastic piece protruding from the edges of the pair of walls and thus the unlocking member is more easily inserted. 
         [0025]    The unlocking member may include a positioning protrusion that is formed on the pair of wall portions. On an inner wall of the insertion hole, a positioning guide groove may be formed to slidably guide the positioning protrusion in an axis direction of the insertion hole. 
         [0026]    According to such a configuration, since the positioning protrusion of the unlocking member is guided to the positioning guide groove formed in the insertion hole, it is possible to prevent the deviation in rotational position of the unlocking member at the time of the pressing operation of the unlocking member. Since the deviation in rotational position is prevented, it is possible to reliably transmit the pressing force of the unlocking member to the elastic claw. 
         [0027]    On the inner wall of the insertion hole, a rib may be formed to extend in an axis direction of the insertion hole. The unlocking member may include a support portion that protrudes from the connection portion. The support portion and the elastic claw may be formed to be slidable in the axis direction with the rib interposed therebetween. 
         [0028]    According to such a configuration, since the rib in the insertion hole is interposed between the support portion formed in the unlocking member and the outer edge of the elastic piece, it is possible to prevent the deviation in rotational position of the unlocking member at the time of the pressing operation of the unlocking member. Since the deviation in rotational position is prevented, it is possible to reliably transmit the pressing force of the unlocking member to the elastic claw. 
         [0029]    The head portion may include a flange. In the insertion hole, a stopper may be formed to regulate a moving range of the unlocking member inside the insertion hole by contacting with the flange. 
         [0030]    According to such a configuration, the forward movement of the unlocking member is regulated by the flange and the stopper. As a result, it is possible to prevent an excess load from acting on the elastic claw with the pressing operation of the unlocking member, thereby improving the durability of the fastener. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0031]    These and other objects and advantages of this invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description taken with the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0032]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view illustrating an entire configuration of a fastener according to an embodiment; 
           [0033]      FIGS. 2A to 2C  are development views illustrating a fastener body of the fastener, where  FIG. 2A  is a side view,  FIG. 2B  is an enlarged side view of part X of  FIG. 2A , and  FIG. 2C  is an enlarged top view of part X of  FIG. 2A ; 
           [0034]      FIGS. 3A to 3C  are sectional views illustrating the fastener body, where  FIG. 3A  is a side view,  FIG. 3B  is a top view, and  FIG. 3C  is an enlarged perspective view as viewed in direction Y of  FIG. 3A ; 
           [0035]      FIGS. 4A to 4E  are development views illustrating an unlocking member of the fastener, where  FIG. 4A  is a view as viewed from the front side,  FIG. 4B  is a side view,  FIG. 4C  is a top view,  FIG. 4D  is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of  FIG. 4B , and  FIG. 4E  is across-sectional view taken along line B-B of  FIG. 4B ; 
           [0036]      FIGS. 5A to 5B  are sectional views illustrating a state where the fastener is assembled, where  FIG. 5A  is a side view and  FIG. 5B  is a top view; and 
           [0037]      FIGS. 6A to 6D  are side sectional views illustrating a state where the fastener is attached to and detached from an attachment hole. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       [0038]    Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
         [0039]      FIGS. 1 to 6D  are diagrams illustrating a configuration of a fastener according to an embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 1  is a perspective view illustrating the entire configuration of the fastener. 
         [0040]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , the fastener is assembled from two components a fastener body  10  and an unlocking member  30 , which are formed by an injection molding method. The fastener is used to fix a plate-like member to a panel  100  of a vehicle as described above. 
         [0041]      FIGS. 2A to 2C  are development views illustrating the fastener body, where  FIG. 2A  is a side view,  FIG. 2B  is an enlarged side view of part X of  FIG. 2A , and  FIG. 2C  is an enlarged top view of part X of  FIG. 2A .  FIGS. 3A to 3C  are sectional views illustrating the fastener body, where  FIG. 3A  is a side view,  FIG. 3B  is a top view, and  FIG. 3C  is an enlarged perspective view as viewed in direction Y of  FIG. 3A . 
         [0042]    As shown in  FIGS. 2A to 3C , the fastener body  10  includes a cylindrical portion  11  and a locking portion  12 . In the cylindrical portion  11 , an insertion hole  20  is formed therethrough to extend in an axis direction thereof. And, the locking portion  12  is formed to outwardly protrude from an end surface of the cylindrical portion  11 . 
         [0043]    The fastener body  10  is formed in a hook shape, and the cylindrical portion  11  is monolithically formed thereon. The cylindrical portion  11  is formed in a hat shape so as to allow a finger to be easily pinched during attaching and detaching the panel  100 . The insertion hole  20  is formed in the axis direction from the top of the cylindrical portion  11 . 
         [0044]    The locking portion of the fastener body  10  has an elastic claw  13  that is formed to be inserted into an attachment hole  101  of the panel  100 . The elastic claw  13  is inserted into one side of the attachment hole  101 , exposed from the other side of the attachment hole  101  and locked to an opening edge  101   a  of the attachment hole  101  at the other side. The insertion hole  20  penetrates the fastener in the axis direction in the back of the locking portion  12 . That is, the locking portion  12  and the center line of the insertion hole  20  are coaxial with each other. 
         [0045]    From a backward of the elastic claw  13 , an extension part  14  is extended. Between the elastic claw  13  and the extension part  14 , a connection portion  15  is formed to protrude. The elastic claw  13  and the extension part  14  form a cantilever piece in which a base portion of the elastic claw  13  is connected to the locking portion  12  and a rear end  14   a  of the extension part  14  is a free end. Accordingly, the elastic claw  13  has an elastic force about the base portion and is locked to the opening edge  101   a  of the attachment hole  100  through the locking of the connection portion  15  in a normal state. By using an unlocking member  30  to be described later so as to operate on the rear end  14   a  of the extension part  14 , the elastic claw  13  is caused to reduce in the diameter, thereby releasing the locked state. 
         [0046]      FIGS. 4A to 4E  are development views illustrating the unlocking member, where  FIG. 4A  is a view as viewed from the front side,  FIG. 4B  is a side view,  FIG. 4C  is a top view,  FIG. 4D  is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of  FIG. 4B , and  FIG. 4E  is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of  FIG. 4B . 
         [0047]    As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 4A  to  4 E, the unlocking member  30  is inserted into the insertion hole  20  of the fastener body  10 . The unlocking member  30  is movable forward and backward in the insertion hole  20  in the back of the elastic claw  13 . The unlocking member  30  includes a flange (head portion)  31 , a pair of walls  32  extending in the axis direction from the flange  31 , and a connection portion  33  connecting the ends of the pair of walls  32 . 
         [0048]    The flange  31  of the unlocking member  30  is formed in a disc shape. The unlocking member  30  is inserted into the insertion hole  20  up to the flange  31 , thereby assembling the fastener. The pair of walls  32  of the unlocking member  30  has an elastic piece  34  in the circumferential direction, and the walls  32  and the elastic pieces  34  form a continuous arc shape. Accordingly, the walls  32  are opposed to each other with a gap interposed therebetween and the core is hollow. A pressing portion  35  having a slope  35   a  at an end thereof is formed on the connection portion  33  of the unlocking member  30 . The pressing portion  35  is disposed at the end of the unlocking member  30  and comes in contact with the rear end  14   a  of the extension part  14  when inserting the unlocking member  30 . 
         [0049]      FIGS. 5A to 5B  are sectional views illustrating a state where the fastener is assembled, where  FIG. 5A  is a side view and  FIG. 5B  is a top view. 
         [0050]    The assembly of the fastener is described now. As shown in  FIGS. 5A to 5B , the fastener is assembled by inserting the unlocking member  30  into the insertion hole  20  of the fastener body  10 . At the time of this assembly, the unlocking member  30  engages with the insertion hole  20  to be positioned and to be prevented from rotation about the axis. 
         [0051]    A positioning protrusion  36  protruding in the axis direction is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the walls  32  of the unlocking member  30 . On the other hand, a positioning guide groove  21  is formed in the axis direction in the inner circumferential surface of the insertion hole  20  (see  FIGS. 3A to 3C ). After assembling the fastener, the positioning guide groove  21  engages with the positioning protrusion  36  to slidably guide the positioning protrusion  36 . Accordingly, the sliding movement of the unlocking member  30  is permitted only in the forward and backward direction, thereby preventing the deviation in position of the unlocking member  30  due to the circumferential rotation thereof. 
         [0052]    A rib  22  extending in the axis direction is formed in the insertion hole  20  of the fastener body  10 . On the other hand, in the unlocking member  30 , a support portion  37  is formed in the connection portion  33  (see  FIGS. 3A to 3C ). After assembling the fastener, the unlocking member  30  is movable forward and backward in a state where the rib  22  is interposed between the support portion  37  and the outer edge of the elastic piece  34 . At the time of insertion of the unlocking member  30 , by inserting the rib  22  between the support portion  37  and the elastic piece  34 , the unlocking member  30  is guided to and positioned at a predetermined position. Similarly to the positioning protrusion  36  and the positioning guide groove  21 , by that structure, the sliding movement of the unlocking member  30  is restricted in the forward and backward direction, thereby preventing the deviation in a rotational position of the unlocking member  30 . Since the deviation in the rotational position is prevented, the fastener can reliably transmit the pressing force of the unlocking member  30  to the elastic claw  13 . 
         [0053]    A drop-preventing claw  38  is formed in the elastic pieces  34  of the unlocking member  30 . A drop-preventing end  23  is formed on the inner circumferential surface of one end of the insertion hole  20 . 
         [0000]    After assembling the fastener, the drop-preventing claw  38  engages with the drop-preventing end  23  to prevent a drop of the unlocking member  30  from the insertion hole  20 . The elastic piece  34  is elastically bent at the time of inserting the unlocking member  30  into the insertion hole  20  to reduce the diameter of the drop-preventing claw  38  inward. Accordingly, the drop-preventing claw  38  does not hinder the insertion of the unlocking member  30 . 
         [0054]      FIGS. 6A to 6D  are side sectional views illustrating a state where the fastener is attached to and detached from the attachment hole. 
         [0055]    Operational advantages of the fastener according to the embodiment in use are described now with reference to  FIGS. 6A to 6D . As shown in  FIG. 6A , by inserting the locking portion  12  into the attachment hole  101 , the fastener is attached to the panel  100 . When attaching the fastener, the elastic claw  13  is reduced in diameter along the opening edge  101   b  close to the fastener while the elastic claw  13  is inserted into the attachment hole  101 , and the connection portion  15  between the elastic claw  13  and the extension part  14  is exposed from the opposite opening edge  101   a , whereby the elastic claw  13  having been reduced in diameter is elastically expanded. 
         [0056]    As shown in  FIG. 6B , in a state where the fastener is attached to the panel  100 , the connection portion  15  between the elastic claw  13  and the extension part  14  is hooked to the opening edge  101   b  of the attachment hole  101 . Accordingly, if the fastener is pulled, the fastener cannot be easily drawn out since the elastic claw  13  is expanded. 
         [0057]    On the other hand, since the connection portion  15  is brought into contact with the opening edge  101   b  of the attachment hole  101 , whereby the distance between the pair of extension parts  14  becomes smaller than the width of the pressing portion  35  and thus the extension parts  14  are reliably guided by the slope  35   a.    
         [0058]    When the fastener is detached from the panel  100 , as shown in  FIG. 6C , the unlocking member  30  of the fastener is pressed inward. With this pressing operation, the slope  35   a  of the pressing portion  35  comes in contact with the rear end  14   a  of the extension part  14  and the rear end  14   a  is guided to a valley portion of the slope  35   a . Through the guidance of the extension part  14  to the valley portion, the elastic claw  13  is shrunk. That is, in the fastener, the elastic claw  13  is reduced in diameter with the external force resulting from the pressing operation of the unlocking member  30  and thus the outer diameter (the connection portion  15 ) of the locking portion  12  becomes smaller than the diameter of the attachment hole  101 . In a state where the unlocking member  30  is pressed to reduce the diameter of the elastic claw  13 , the fastener is easily detached from the panel  100  by pulling out the fastener body  10 . 
         [0059]    A stopper  24  coming in contact with the flange  31  of the unlocking member  30  is formed in the insertion hole  20  of the fastener body  10 . The stopper  24  regulates the axial movement of the unlocking member  30  by coming in contact with the flange  31 . As a result, the flange  31  and the stopper  24  prevent an excess load from acting on the elastic claw  13  due to the pressing operation of the unlocking member  30 , thereby improving the durability of the fastener. 
         [0060]    As shown in  FIG. 6D , in the fastener, when the forward pressing operation of the unlocking member  30  is released, the elastic claw  13  having been reduced in diameter is elastically expanded. With this expansion, the rear end  14   a  of the extension part  14  urges the slope  35   a  of the pressing portion  35  in contact therewith and the unlocking member  30  moves backward by the urging force. Accordingly, the fastener according to the embodiment has an excellent general-use property, because it can be reused without any additional operation. 
         [0061]    To detach the fastener according to the embodiment from the panel  100 , both operations of forwardly pressing the unlocking member  30  and of backwardly pulling out the fastener body  10  backward are required. That is, the fastener requires the easy operations, but opposite forces to be detached. Accordingly, for example, even when a one-direction impact is applied to the unlocking member  30 , the fastener is not simply deviated. 
         [0062]    As described above, in the fastener according to the embodiment, since the external force can be transmitted directly to the locking portion  12  by pressing the unlocking member  30 , it is possible to reliably unlock the fastener from the attachment hole  101 . In the fastener, the unlocking member  30  does not move beyond the locking portion  12 . Accordingly, the moving amount of the unlocking member  30  can be reduced, thereby further reducing the size of the fastener. Since only a space corresponding to the protruding width of the locking portion  12  is required for the opposite side of the panel  100  into which the fastener is inserted, it is possible to attach the plate-like member more closely to a vehicle body by the use of the fastener according to the embodiment. 
         [0063]    The invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, but may be embodied in various modified examples or applications. 
         [0064]    As another embodiment of the present invention, a spring member may be inserted in advance into the insertion hole  20  of the fastener body  10  and the unlocking member  30  maybe always backwardly urged by allowing the spring member to engage with the unlocking member  30 . According to such a configuration, it is possible to more reliably restore the unlocking member by allowing the spring member to urge the unlocking member  30  backward than the configuration in which the elastic expansion of the elastic claw  13  is used to move the unlocking member backward.