Abstract:
A connector for fiber optic cable comprising a one-piece body having a plurality of holes in a first end dimensioned to receive an optical fiber and reinforcing members. The connector comes preassembled with a ferrule connector at the opposing end. The first end has a slot therein dividing the first end and holes into two halves. A crimp sleeve is crimped to the connector body, compressing the first end of the connector body and thereby gripping the reinforcing members. Reinforcing fibers are crimped between the connector body and crimping sleeve.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   Not applicable. 
   STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
   Not applicable. 
   REFERENCE TO A SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIX 
   Not Applicable. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   This invention relates to fiber optic cable and specifically to connectors for fiber optic cable. Typical fiber optic cable is comprised of several components run together inside a sheathing. First, the cable contains at least one optical fiber, which is contained in a protective tube. Running along side the optical fiber and parallel thereto are reinforcing members and reinforcing fibers or yarns. The reinforcing members are typically fiberglass rods and the reinforcing yarn is typically a strong, synthetic fiber, such as aramid. 
   To connect a fiber optic cable to a fiber optic device or network component, a hardened fiber optic connector (HFOC) is attached to the end of the cable. These connectors typically terminate in ferrule assemblies enabling the cables to be connected to devices with receptacles dimensioned to receive the connectors and the ferrule assemblies. It is important for the connector to firmly grip the fiber optic cable components so as to avoid a signal disruption. 
   The connectors of the prior art are typically comprised of a plastic connector body that is divided into two halves. The two halves are assembled in the field around the fiber optic cable components (i.e. the optical fiber in its protective tubing and the reinforcing members that run along side the optical fiber) and the ferrule assembly. That is, both the fiber optic cable components and the ferrule assembly are sandwiched between the halves of the connector body. 
   With the connectors of the prior art, an adhesive is used to further secure the fiber optic components within the connector body. A crimping sleeve is then brought over and crimped to the connector body to ensure that the halves of the connector body do not separate. Assembling the connector of the prior art, therefore, involves a first and second half of a connector body, a separate ferrule assembly, and the use of an adhesive. 
   The several component parts of the connectors of the prior art make the assembly of these connectors time-consuming and tedious. The need to use an adhesive greatly exacerbates this problem. Moreover, since the connectors of the prior art are made of plastic, they tend to deteriorate relatively rapidly and loosen their grip on the fiber optic cable components resulting in an ever-increasing likelihood of signal interruption. These signal interruptions can cause enormous problems for the users of the fiber optic network and are expensive to repair. 
   Accordingly, there is a need for a simpler, more reliable, and more durable connector for fiber optic cables that has fewer parts and does not require the use of an adhesive. 
   BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later. 
   According to its major aspects and briefly stated, the present invention is a fiber optic cable connector and a method of installing such a connector. The one-piece body is designed to receive and grip a fiber optic cable in a first end. In the opposing second end, the connector body is designed to house a ferrule assembly. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connector body is preassembled with a ferrule assembly attached to the second end. 
   In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the one-piece connector body is substantially cylindrical in shape and has a plurality of longitudinal holes in the first end. The holes in the first end are dimensioned to receive an optical fiber in its protective tubing and the reinforcing members adjacent to the optical fiber. The hole through which the optical fiber passes runs the length of the connector while the holes dimensioned to receive the reinforcing members typically do not run the length of the connector. 
   The connector body also has a slot in the first end. The slot extends through the entire face of the first end of the connector and longitudinally through a portion of the length of the connector body beginning at the first end. The slot divides the first end and the longitudinal holes (but not the entire connector body) into two halves. The slot permits the halve of the first end, and the holes therethrough, to collapse slightly when the first end is laterally compressed. After the optical fiber in its protective tubing and the reinforcing members are inserted into the connector body, a crimp sleeve is crimped around the connector body. The crimp sleeve compresses the first end of the connector body causing the first end to collapse slightly thereby firmly gripping the reinforcing members. The hole through which the optical fiber passes is sufficiently large that it does not unduly compress the optical fiber&#39;s protective tubing when compressed. 
   Many fiber optic cables contain, in addition to the optical fiber and the reinforcing members, reinforcing fibers or yarn. These fibers are often made of a strong synthetic material such as aramid. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the optical fiber in its protective tubing and the reinforcing members are inserted into the first end of the connector body, but before the crimp sleeve is placed around the connector body, the reinforcing fibers are brought over the connector body. The crimp sleeve is then brought over the connector body and crimped over the reinforcing fibers and connector body. 
   One feature of the connector of the present invention is that it has fewer parts than the connectors of the prior art. The connectors of the prior art, including that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,090,406, are of a sandwich-type comprised of two halves. The halves are assembled in the field to trap and grip the reinforcing members at one end and a ferrule assembly at the other end. The connectors of the present invention, in contrast, reduce the three-piece connector (two connector body halves and a ferrule assembly) typical of the prior art to a one-piece connector (a one-piece connector body with an attached ferrule assembly). This reduces the complexity of the connector and makes field-installing the connectors far less time-consuming and tedious. 
   Note that a pre-installed ferrule assembly is not possible with the two-piece connectors of the prior art. Because the two-piece connectors grip the ferrule assembly only when the halves are assembled, the ferrule assembly cannot be attached to the connectors of the prior art until final assembly of the connector. The one-piece body of the connector of the present invention permits the ferrule assemblies to be attached prior to final assembly. 
   Another feature of the present invention is a fiber optic connector and a method of installing a fiber optic connector that obviates the need for an adhesive. The connectors of the present invention grip the components of a fiber optic cable sufficiently securely that no additional measures are needed to assure a reliable and permanent connection. The slot that divides the first end of the connector permits that end of the connector to compress slightly when the crimping sleeve is crimped to the connector body. This compression, which causes inelastic deformation of the metal connector, firmly grips the cable components, especially the reinforcing members, making the use of an adhesive unnecessary. Furthermore, if the fiber optic cable also contains reinforcing yarn, the yarn can be folded forward over the connector prior to crimping, which further attaches the cable to the connector body. 
   Another advantage of the present invention is a connector that has greater long term reliability. Unlike the connectors of the prior art, the connectors of the present invention are made of metal. The connectors of the prior art, which are made of plastic, exhibit crazing, brittleness, and degradation when exposure to environmental stresses (e.g., extreme or cyclic loading, temperature extremes or cycles, or ultraviolet radiation). The connectors of the present invention, however, which have a one-piece metal body, maintain their integrity over the long term regardless of these environmental stresses. 
   Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a careful reading of the Detailed Disclosure of the Preferred Embodiment presented below and accompanied by the drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The preferred construction of the invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a connector of the prior art showing the two-piece body and unattached ferrule assembly; 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a connector of the present invention prior to insertion of the optical fiber and reinforcement members into the connector body; 
       FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the connector of the present invention with the optical fiber and reinforcement members inserted into the connector body; 
       FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the connector of the present invention with the reinforcing fibers folded over the connector body and the crimping sleeve brought into position; 
       FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the present invention with the crimping sleeve crimped to the connector body; 
       FIG. 6A  is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken at section line  6 A- 6 A of  FIG. 2  showing the first end of the connector of the present invention; 
       FIG. 6B  is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken at section line  6 B- 6 B of  FIG. 3  showing the first end of the connector of the present invention with the optical fiber and reinforcing members inserted therein; 
       FIG. 6C  is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken at section line  6 C- 6 C of  FIG. 4  showing the first end of the connector of the present invention with the optical fiber and reinforcing members inserted therein, the reinforcing fibers extending over the connector body, and the crimping sleeve brought around the connector body; 
       FIG. 6D  is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken at section line  6 D- 6 D of  FIG. 5  showing the compressed first end of the connector. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   The present invention is a connector for fiber optic cables. More specifically, the present invention is a connector having a one-piece body and pre-attached ferrule assembly that permits a fiber optic cable to be connectorized without the use of an adhesive. 
     FIG. 1  shows a typical fiber optic cable  10  and its component parts. In the  10  center of the cable is the optical fiber  12  running through a protective tube  14 . On either side of the optical fiber are reinforcing members  16 . The reinforcing members  16  contained in fiber optic cables are typically made of a strong and stiff but flexible material such as fiber glass. Running along with the reinforcing members  16  are reinforcing fibers  18 . The reinforcing fibers of fiber optic cables are typically made of a synthetic yarn such as aramid yarn. All of these components are covered in a protective sheathing  20 .  FIG. 1  also shows a typical fiber optic connector  40  of the prior art. The two-piece connector body is comprised of two halves  42  and  44 . One end of the connector  40  is dimensioned to receive ferrule assembly  46 . The other end is dimensioned to receive the optical fiber  12  in its protective tube  14  and the reinforcement members  16 . 
   In order to connectorized the fiber optic cable  10  in the field, an adhesive must first be applied to the halves  42  and  44  of the connector body. Then, the optical fiber  12  in its protective tube  14  and the reinforcement members  16  must be placed in a first end of a first half  44  of the connector body. While holding the optical fiber  12  and reinforcement members  16  in the first end of the first half  44  of the connector body, ferrule connector  46  must be placed in the second end of the first half  44  of the connector body. Next, while holding the optical fiber  12 , reinforcement members  16 , and ferrule connection  46  in the first half  44  of the connector body, the second half  42  of the connector body must be carefully mated to the first half  44 . The reinforcing fibers  18  are then folded over the halves  42  and  44  of the connector body. Finally, a crimping sleeve  48  is brought around the reinforcing fibers  18  and halves of the connector body  42  and  44  and crimped thereto. 
     FIG. 2  shows a fiber optic connector  60  according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention prior to insertion of the fiber optic cable components  12 ,  14 , and  16 . The connector body is divided into a first end  62  and a second end  64 . First end  62  has a center hole  66  and two outside holes  68  therein. Center hole  66  and outside holes  68  are dimensioned to receive optical fiber  12  in protective tube  14  and reinforcing members  16 , respectively. First end  62  also has a slot  70  therein, which divides first end  62  into halves  72  and  74 . Slot  70 , by providing a space between halves  72  and  74 , allows the first end  62  to be laterally compressed. Note that the second end  64  of connector  60  has a ferrule assembly  46  already attached. 
   In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connector  60  is made of metal. Unlike the connectors  40  ( FIG. 1 ) of the prior art, which are made of plastic, the metal connector  60  of the present invention is not prone to the degradation associated with plastics. For example, metal connectors like those of the present invention are not sensitive to ultraviolet light and are stronger and more durable than plastic connectors. Accordingly, notwithstanding swings in temperature and other environmental stresses, the metal connectors of the present invention will not become brittle or crazed and are less likely to fail than those of the prior art. These failures, which cause or increase the likelihood of expensive signal disruptions, are also expensive to repair. 
   Note also that in this preferred embodiment the holes  66  for the optical fiber  12  and holes  68  for reinforcement members  16 , respectively, have centerlines that are substantially parallel and define a plane. Other fiber optic cables have different arrangements of optical fibers and reinforcement members and the present invention is not limited to only cables of the type shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     FIG. 3  shows the connector  60  of the present invention after insertion of the optical fiber  12  in its protective tube  14  and reinforcing members  16  into first end  62 . Reinforcing fibers  18  are typically comprised of a synthetic yarn such as aramid yarn. In this embodiment of the present invention, the reinforcing fibers  18  are outside of connector  60  and ready to be draped over connector  60  as the crimping sleeve  48  is brought over the connector  60 . 
     FIGS. 4 and 5  show the final connector assembly before and after crimping, respectively.  FIG. 4  shows the crimping sleeve  48  in place over connector  60  with reinforcing fibers  18  between the crimping sleeve  48  and the connector  60 .  FIG. 5  shows the same connector  60  after crimping. Compare the width of slot  70  in  FIGS. 4 and 5  and note that first end  62  has collapsed slightly in  FIG. 5 . In this slightly collapsed orientation, reinforcement members  16  are securely gripped between lower half  72  and upper half  74 . 
     FIG. 6A  is a cross-sectional view of the first end  62  of connector  60  of the present invention. Center hole  66  is dimensioned to receive the optical fiber  12  ( FIG. 2 ) and outside holes  68  are dimensioned to receive reinforcing members  16  ( FIG. 2 ).  FIG. 6A  also shows slot  70  dividing the first end  62  of connector  60  into lower half  72  and upper half  74 .  FIG. 6B  is a cross-sectional view of the first end  62  of the present invention showing the connector  60  after insertion of the optical fiber  12  in its protective tube  14  and reinforcement members  16 . Note that holes  66  and  68  are dimensioned so that the cable components slide easily into the first end  62  of connector  60 .  FIG. 6C  is a cross-section showing the reinforcing fibers  18  and crimping sleeve  48  surrounding the first end  62 . The connector in  FIG. 6C  is ready to be crimped but is not yet crimped and the slot  70  between lower half  72  and upper half  74  is not yet compressed. 
     FIG. 6D  is a cross-section of the first end  62  of the present invention after the crimping sleeve  48  has been crimped around the connector  60 . Slot  70  is now smaller as the lower half  72  and upper half  74  of first end  62  are now compressed. Reinforcing members  16 , moreover, are firmly gripped between the lower and upper halves  72  and  74  of first end  62 . This enables the connector  60  to be firmly attached to cable  10  ( FIG. 1 ). In addition, note that crimping the crimping sleeve  48  to connector  60  has not displaced or compressed optical fiber  12 . Accordingly, the connector  60  of the present is securely attached to the reinforcement members  16  but does not threaten to disrupt the signals transmitted through optical fiber  12 . 
   Because the connector  60  of the present invention is made of metal, moreover, it grips the cable reinforcement members  16  of the cable  10  ( FIG. 1 ) more tightly than would the plastic connectors of the prior art. This is due to the fact that the both the lower and upper halves  72  and  74  of the first end  62  as well as the crimping sleeve  48  are imparting lateral pressure on the reinforcement members  16 . With the plastic two-piece connector  40  of the prior art ( FIG. 1 ), the crimping sleeve  48  is the only component imparting lateral pressure and gripping reinforcement members  16 . The metal connector  60  of the present invention, however, which undergoes inelastic deformation when crimped, exerts its own lateral pressure on the reinforcement members  16 . This enhanced connection obviates the need for the use of an adhesive. 
   Those skilled in the art of fiber optic cables and connectors will recognize that many substitutions and modifications can be made in the foregoing preferred embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.