Abstract:
An electrical connector has a conductive member formed from several sheets of a resilient conductive material, such as a wire mesh or conductive textile. The sheets are layered and joined together at intervals to form separate passages between the sheets through the member. Screened wires in the connector pass through respective passages and the member is compressed about the wires by a strap tightened about the member so that electrical connection is made to the wire screens. The resilience of the member means that the strap can be released and retightened, allowing removal and replacement of wires.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    This invention relates to electrical connection and connectors.  
           [0002]    The invention is more particularly concerned with connectors for making electrical connection to a screening sleeve of an electrical cable.  
           [0003]    Where electrical connection is made to the screening sleeve of an electrical cable, it preferably has a low resistance and the connection is preferably of a kind that can be easily made and removed for servicing. If the screening sleeve is braided, it is preferable that the connection can be made without the need to separate the braid from the signal conductor.  
           [0004]    In GB 2336952 there is described a connector for making connection to a conductive sleeve of a cable where the connector includes a wad of random electrically-conductive filamentary material encapsulated in an elastomeric material and having passages through which the wires extend so that electrical connection between the screening sleeves on the wires and the connector housing is made by the conductive filaments.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    It is an object of the present invention to provide an alternative connection to screening sleeves and the like.  
           [0006]    According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided an electrical connection including a member formed substantially entirely of a conductive, resilient sheet material the member having a plurality of passages extending through the member between opposite ends, one for each of a plurality of wires, and means for radially inwardly compressing the member about the wires so that the member makes effective electrical connection with the outside of each wire when tightened and such that the member recovers substantially its original shape when the clamp is released.  
           [0007]    The sheet material may be a wire mesh or of a conductive woven or knitted material. The sheet member may comprise a combination of metal fibres and non-metal fibres. The member may include two sheets of textile separated from one another by spacer fibres. The member may be of beryllium copper, copper or Monel. The means for compressing the member is preferably a clamp, such as including a strap embracing the member. The connection may include a disc located adjacent the member, the disc having an aperture for each wire. The member may include a sealing material, the sealing material being displaceable by insertion of wires in the member to enable electrical contact between the wires and the member. The sealing material may be a gel or a settable material.  
           [0008]    According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an electrical connection including a member formed substantially entirely of a conductive wire mesh material, the member having a plurality of passages extending through the member between opposite ends, one for each of a plurality of wires, and means for radially inwardly compressing the member about the wires so that the wire mesh makes effective electrical connection with the outside of each wire.  
           [0009]    The wire mesh may be of beryllium copper, copper or Monel.  
           [0010]    The sheet material may have a plurality of layers joined with one another at locations to form passages between the layers between the locations. Alternatively, the member may include a continuous strip of material folded backwards and forwards. Alternatively, the member may be of ladder shape rolled into a spiral.  
           [0011]    An electrical connector according to the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 is a perspective, exploded view of the connector;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a part of the wire mesh member of the connector, illustrating its construction;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 3 shows schematically an alternative wire mesh member made from a single strip of wire mesh;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 4 shows another alternative wire mesh member formed in a spiral; and  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a modified form of connector.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0017]    With reference first to FIGS. 1 and 2, the connector has a cylindrical outer metal shell  1  with a forward end  2  and a rear end  3 . The forward end  2  of the connector contains an insulative insert supporting several pin or socket contact members (not shown) of conventional kind. An electrical cable  5  has several wires  6  within it each having a conductive core  7  encased within an insulative sheath  8 , which in turn extends within a screening sleeve  9 , such as of braided wire, providing a conductive outside surface to the wire. The cable enters the rear end  3  of the connector where the conductive cores  7  of each wire  6  are connected with respective ones of the contact members.  
         [0018]    The connector also includes a grounding or earthing insert  10  of novel form. The insert  10  is of cylindrical shape and circular section with a forward end face  11  and a rear end face  12 . The insert  10  comprises a central wire mesh member  13  and a clamp  14  embracing the mesh member. The mesh member  13  is made from several layers  20  of a loosely woven mesh of an electrically-conductive, springy wire such as beryllium copper, copper, Monel or similar material. Each layer  20  is in the form of a sheet or strip, crimped to form a series of laterally-extending corrugations  21 . The layers  20  are stacked one on top of the other out of phase with one another such that the trough of one layer rests on the peak of the underlying layer. The layers are joined with one another along their lines of contact  22 . This may be done by mechanical means, such as by stitching, stapling, clips or the like, or it may be done by bonding, such as with an electrically conductive adhesive, by welding, soldering or the like. In this way, parallel cells or passages  23  are formed between adjacent layers, between their lines of contact and retention. The cells between each pair of layers is out of phase with cells between an adjacent pair of layers. These passages  23  extend through the length of the mesh member  13  between opposite faces  11  and  12 . The size of each passage  23  is such as to receive one of the wires  6  as a sliding fit.  
         [0019]    The clamp  14  embraces the member  13  and is capable of applying a radially directed inward force about the mesh member to compress it firmly about the wires  6  and, more particularly, to compress it into effective electrical contact with the screening sleeve  9  on each wire. The clamp  14  may be of various different kinds. It could, for example, be of the kind having a looped strap the circumference of which is reduced by turning a screw at one end of the strap that engages a thread formation on the other end of the strap. Alternatively, the clamp could be in the form of a strap with teeth on its surface at one end and a ratchet at its other end so that the strap can be pulled tight and then retains the mesh member compressed.  
         [0020]    The grounding insert  10  is electrically connected with the shell  1  of the connector. This may be achieved in various different ways. The insert  10  may be mechanically clamped into the shell by engagement with a backshell (not shown) screwed onto the shell. Alternatively, a wire  30  may extend between the shell  1  and the mesh member  13 , or the clamp  14 , where this is electrically conductive.  
         [0021]    The arrangement of the present invention enables effective electrical connection to be made to multiple screened wires in a compact manner and without the need to separate the screens from the wires. A wire mesh can have a springy nature with a tendency to recover its original shape when the clamping force is removed. This makes it easy to remove and replace wires, thereby making the arrangement particularly suitable for applications where the connection needs to be serviceable. The resilient nature of wire mesh also helps ensure effective, long term connection with the screening sleeves because mesh can accommodate any deformation of the insulating sheath of the wires over time and maintain sufficient force urging the mesh into contact with the screens.  
         [0022]    There are various other arrangements of conductive members, such as shown in FIG. 3. In this arrangement, the member  113  is in one continuous strip folded backwards and forwards to form a pleated stack. Adjoining layers  120  are attached with one another along several lines  122  extending parallel to the pleat folds, thereby separating the stack into multiple passages  123  along which the wires can be inserted.  
         [0023]    In the arrangement shown in FIG. 4, the conductive member  213  is of ladder shape comprising two parallel sides  214  and multiple lateral rungs  215 . This is rolled into a spiral in the plane of the member so that the gaps between adjacent rungs  215  form passages  223  through the member  213 .  
         [0024]    Another form of member (not shown) could be provided by woven or knitted fibres. The fibres may be of a metal to make them conductive or may be of a non-conductive material coated with a conductive material, such as copper. The material could comprise a combination of metal fibres and of non-metal fibres to give the material desired mechanical properties, such as resilience. The construction of such a woven material could comprise two sheets of textile separated from one another by spacer fibres. Such a material, but of a nonconductive form, is available from Scott &amp; Fyfe of Scotland.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 5 shows a modification of the connector of FIG. 1 including a flexible disc  50  perforated with several holes  51 , one for each of the wires  52 , and aligned with passages  53  through the conductive member  54 . The disc  50  is adjacent the member  54  and may (as shown) be a separate component attached or close to the member  54 , or it may be an integral part of the member. The disc  50  serves to locate the wires  52  during insertion into the member  54 . Preferably the disc  50  is electrically conductive but it could be insulative.  
         [0026]    If it is necessary for the connection to the screened wires to provide a seal against passage of, for example, liquids or gases, a sealing material may be added to a wire mesh, the material being of the kind that is displaced by the wires to enable electrical contact of the screens with meshes. Gels are available that will serve this function and improve the sealing properties of a mesh when this is compacted down around the wires. Settable fluids may be used where a permanent connection is to be made.