Abstract:
A freefall-type windlass includes appropriate gearing for moving the windlass spool in a retrieve direction to wrap anchor cable thereabout or to permit the anchor to drop by gravity thereby unwrapping the anchor cable from the spool. A governor gear is incorporated into the windlass to restrict the rate at which the spool can rotate when the anchor is being paid out thereby avoiding entanglement of the anchor cable and malfunctioning of the windlass.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates generally to windlasses and in particular to a windlass which is motor driven to raise an anchor or other heavy object while allowing the object to freefall in a controlled manner through use of a governor on the cable spool of the windlass. 
   2. Description of the Relevant Art 
   Recreational boats, as well as other crafts of similar size, frequently include power operated windlasses or anchor winches capable of automatically dropping, locking, or raising an anchor. Sometimes, the motor is reversible to raise the anchor or lower the anchor in a controlled manner, but many times the anchor is lowered through gravity so that the anchor freefalls through the water to its destination. 
   As will be appreciated, when an anchor and its cable is allowed to drop by gravity at a relatively fast speed, the cable will sometimes overrun the spool on which it is wrapped throwing the cable off the spool. When this happens, the cable can become entangled with itself leading to a malfunction of the windlass and a great deal of trouble in untangling the cable. 
   It would therefore be desirable to control the movement of the cable spool even in a freefall windlass so that the cable does not become entangled with itself and possibly the spool to thereby avoid malfunctioning of the windlass. It is to provide a system for controlling a freefall windlass that the present invention has been developed. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The windlass of the present invention utilizes a reversible electric motor having a gear on its drive shaft for driving a gear chain including a spool gear connected to the windlass spool. Included in the gear chain is a selectively shiftable clutch gear that moves into and out of driving engagement with the spool gear depending upon direction of rotation of the motor. These basic components of a windlass are similar to the windlass described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,809,633, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
   In addition to the basic components mentioned, the windlass of the present invention includes a governing gear that remains in meshed relationship with the spool gear at all times but a spring biased resistance design allows the governing gear to restrict rotation of the spool gear to a desired speed. The resistance provided by the governing gear is not sufficient to override the motor when the windlass is in a retrieving mode but does restrict rotational speed of the spool gear when the anchor on the anchor cable is in a freefall or payout mode. 
   Other aspects, features, and details of the present invention can be more completely understood by reference to the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, taken in conjunction with the drawings and from the appended claims. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is an isometric of a fishing boat having the windlass of the present invention incorporated therein. 
       FIG. 2  is an enlarged fragmentary isometric showing the windlass on the front of the boat of  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 3  is a front elevation of the windlass of the present invention without its outer housing. 
       FIG. 4  is a right side elevation of the components of the windlass shown in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 5  is a top plan view of the windlass as shown in  FIG. 3  with the clutch gear in a retrieving position. 
       FIG. 6  is a top plan view similar to  FIG. 5  with the clutch gear in a payout position. 
       FIG. 7  is a right side elevation similar to  FIG. 4  with the motor being driven in a retrieve direction. 
       FIG. 8  is a right side elevation similar to  FIG. 7  with the motor being driven in a payout direction. 
       FIG. 9  is an enlarged fragmentary section taken along line  9 — 9  of  FIG. 7 . 
       FIG. 10  is an enlarged fragmentary section taken along line  10 — 10  of  FIG. 7 . 
       FIG. 11  is an enlarged fragmentary section taken along line  11 — 11  of  FIG. 8 . 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   With reference first to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a boat  12  illustrated as a small fishing vessel includes a windlass  14  in accordance with the present invention mounted on the bow of the boat so that the anchor cable  16  emanating from the windlass can pass over a guide pulley  18  allowing the anchor to remain spaced from the boat in a conventional manner. 
   The windlass  14  itself as best seen in  FIGS. 3–11 , without an outer covering or housing  20  seen in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , includes a frame  22  of generally U-shaped transverse cross section having a base  24  that can be secured to the deck of the boat  12  and left and right upstanding side walls  26  and  28 , respectively. The side walls are bridged along a top edge with a bolt  30  and surrounding spacer sleeve  32  to provide strength and rigidity to the frame. A reversible electric motor  34  is mounted adjacent the front and near the top of the left side wall  26  and has a drive shaft  36  protruding outwardly from the left side wall. A toggle switch (not shown) is utilized to energize/de-energize the motor or reversibly drive it in retrieve and payout directions as will become more clear later. The drive shaft for the motor has a pinion gear  38  on its distal end meshed with a relatively large transfer gear  40 . The transfer gear is mounted on the left end of a transfer shaft  42  journaled in the side walls of the frame at approximately their vertical center. The opposite end of the transfer shaft carries a clutch gear  44 , which will be described in more detail later. The clutch gear is meshed with a relatively wide control gear  46  having teeth longer than those of the clutch gear so that the clutch gear can move axially of the control gear while remaining in meshed relationship therewith. The control gear itself is mounted on a stub shaft  48  as probably best seen in  FIGS. 10 and 11  with the stub shaft being held on the right side wall  28  of the frame with a nut  50  and washers  52  separating the nut and the control gear from the right side wall. The stub shaft, of course, has an enlarged free end  54  to confine the control gear rotatably on the stub shaft. 
   The clutch gear  44  is selectively engageable with a spool gear  56  as will be described in more detail hereafter wherein the spool gear, as possibly best seen in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , is mounted on a transverse shaft  58  to which it is keyed or splined for unitary rotation therewith. The transverse shaft is mounted in bearings  60  in the left  26  and right  28  side walls of the frame  22  so as to be freely rotatable therein and carries a spool  62  also splined or keyed to the transverse shaft for unitary rotation therewith. Accordingly, as the spool gear rotates so does the spool  62  mounted between the left and right side walls on the transverse shaft  58 . 
   The spool  62  anchors one end of the flexible anchor cable  16  which can be wrapped on or unwrapped from the spool depending upon the mode of operation of the motor, i.e. whether it is in a retrieve or payout mode. In a retrieve mode, the cable is wrapped around the spool whereas in a payout mode it is unwrapped from the spool. 
   With particular reference to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , it will be seen that the transfer shaft  58  has threads  64  spaced inwardly from its right end with the threads receiving internal threads  66  on the clutch gear  44 . The threads  64  and  66  are oriented so that when the motor  34  is driven in a retrieve direction, the clutch gear is forced to move left (as viewed from the front of the winch) toward the outer surface of the right side wall  28 , whereas when the motor is driven in a payout direction, the clutch gear is forced to move away from the right side wall. A coil spring  68  is mounted on the transfer shaft outwardly of the clutch gear and is seated against a C-clamp  70  mounted on the right end of the transfer shaft. The coil spring assures that the clutch gear remains in threaded engagement with the transfer shaft for desired movement relative to the transfer shaft. 
   In operation of the windlass, when the motor  34  is driven in a retrieve direction as shown in  FIGS. 4 ,  5  and  10 , the transfer shaft  58  is rotated by the spur gear and the meshed transfer gear  40  causes the clutch gear  44  to shift to the left or toward the right side wall  28 . As mentioned previously, the coil spring  68  assures that the clutch gear remains in threaded engagement with the transfer shaft so that rotation of the transfer shaft in the retrieve direction will cause the clutch gear to shift to the left until it engages the bearing  72  supporting the transfer shaft in the right side wall. Once the clutch gear engages the bearing, it is forced to rotate in unison with the transfer shaft. It is also meshed with the spool gear  56  so as to rotate the spool  62  in a retrieve direction as seen for example in  FIGS. 4 ,  5 , and  7 . It is also important to note that the clutch gear  44  remains in contact with the control gear  46  throughout its axial movement along the transfer shaft so that the control gear continues to rotate in unison with the clutch gear. 
   Reverse rotation of the motor  34  in the payout direction illustrated in  FIGS. 6 ,  8 , and  11  causes the clutch gear  44  to be shifted away from the right side wall  28  toward the end of the transfer shaft and against the bias of the coil spring  68  until the clutch gear reaches the position shown in  FIG. 11 . In this position, while the clutch gear begins to rotate with the transfer shaft, if the transfer shaft continues to be driven by the motor, it is disengaged from the spool gear  56  so that the spool gear  56  is free to rotate independently of the other afore-described gears and the motor of the windlass. It is of course in this position that the anchor can be allowed to drop by gravity causing the spool gear to rotate in unison with the spool  62  as the anchor cable is paid out from the spool. As mentioned previously, the description of the windlass at this point, while being slightly structurally different from the windlass described in the aforenoted U.S. Pat. No. 4,809,633, operates in a very similar manner. 
   To control the payout of the anchor cable  16  from the spool  62  and avoid entanglement of the cable as discussed previously if the cable begins to payout faster than the spool is rotating, a governor gear  73  has been mounted on the outside of the right side wall in meshed engagement with the spool gear  56 . The governor gear seen probably best in  FIG. 9  is mounted on a stub shaft  74  held on the right side wall  28  of the frame with a nut  76  and washer  78 . The stub shaft has an enlarged peripheral flange  80  defining an outer shoulder  82  adjacent to the right side wall and a C-clamp  84  secured to its outer end. The C-clamp seats a compression spring  86  that engages the outer surface of the governor gear biasing the governor gear toward the shoulder  82  on the stub shaft. The governor gear therefore frictionally engages the shoulder and the strength of the compression spring determines the degree of such friction which of course inhibits and controls the rotation of the governor gear about its stub shaft. Obviously, the stronger the compression spring  86  the more friction and resistance to rotation of the governor gear. The compression spring can be easily interchanged by removing the C-clamp for springs of different strengths depending on the resistance desired for payout rotation of the spool. 
   The governor gear  73  is always in meshed relationship with the spool gear  56  and therefore has a bearing on the rate at which the spool gear  56  will rotate. The strength of the compression spring is preselected so that it does not inhibit operation of the motor  34  and the motor can turn the spool gear in either direction, but when the motor and clutch gear  44  are disengaged from the spool gear and it is free to rotate such as in a freefall of the anchor, the governor gear controls the rate at which the spool  62  can rotate thereby maintaining control of the anchor cable  16  as the anchor is dropping by gravity. By controlling the rate of rotation of the spool through its spool gear the governor prevents entanglement of the anchor cable. 
   In accordance with the above, it will be appreciated that operation of the motor in a retrieve mode causes the clutch gear  44  to shift toward the right side wall  28  into engagement with the spool gear  56  causing the spool gear to rotate in a retrieve direction as shown in  FIGS. 4 ,  5 , and  10 . Of course, the motor is driven in a retrieve direction until the anchor has reached a desired elevation and then the motor is switched into a deactivate mode. 
   Operating the motor in the reverse payout direction for a short period of time causes the clutch gear  44  to move from its engaged position with the spool gear  56  of  FIG. 10  to its disengaged position of  FIG. 11  so that the spool gear and the operatively interconnected spool  62  are free to rotate allowing the anchor to drop by gravity. The governor gear  73 , however, inhibits and governs the rate at which the spool gear can rotate and consequently the spool itself and therefore the rate at which the anchor drops by gravity so that the anchor cable is controlled and entanglement is avoided. 
   Although the present invention has been described with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood the disclosure has been made by way of example, and changes in detail or structure may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.