Abstract:
A system and method for universal serial bus mass storage device asynchronous file and file system update while connected to a pc or other device employs setting error flags and timestamp change flags when a file is changed, and returning the error conditions in reply to a REQUEST_SENSE command.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61038359 filed Mar. 20, 2008. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    This invention relates to mass storage devices, and more particularly to a system, apparatus and method for asynchronous file and file system update on a universal serial bus (USB) mass storage device (MSD) while connected to a pc. 
         [0003]    When a Universal Serial Bus (USB) Mass Storage Device (MSD) is connected to a host computer (PC), the device goes through a process called enumeration, the method used to inform the PC of the device&#39;s identification (Virtual LAN ID (VID), process identification number, PID)), function (i.e., human interface device (HID), mass storage device (MSD), etc.), capabilities (e.g. MSD size, name, etc.) and the like. An MSD device also informs the PC which interface to use when “talking” to the device. In the case of most MSD devices (such as those that work with Microsoft Windows operating systems), the Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) is used. The transport interface is defined as Bulk Only Transport (BOT), with transport of command, data, and status occurring solely via bulk endpoints and not via interrupt or control endpoints. These features are important because they are supported by the Microsoft Windows USB MSD driver. 
         [0004]    The USB protocol encapsulates the SCSI commands sent to a USB device. The device decodes the SCSI commands and responds with a SCSI response encapsulated in a USB protocol. The USB protocol uses the Command Block Wrapper (CBW) for host to device communication and the Command Status Wrapper (CSW) for responses from the device to the host. 
         [0005]    The traditional and usual mode of operation of a USB device is for the device to relinquish control of its file system to the host PC while connected via a USB port. This limitation does not allow the device to update the file system while connected to the PC, that is, there is no ability to asynchronously update the file system. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    In accordance with the invention, a method and system is provided wherein when a file or file system is changed on a SCSI device (via the SCSI command and response protocol) while connected to a PC or the like, error condition and time stamp update flags are set and are then returned in reply to a request for device status. 
         [0007]    Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus to enable asynchronous updating of files and file system on a USB mass storage device while connected to a PC or other device. 
         [0008]    The subject matter of the present invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of this specification. However, both the organization and method of operation, together with further advantages and objects thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters refer to like elements. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a PC with a USB MSD connected thereto; and 
           [0010]      FIG. 2  is a flow chart showing setting for file changed condition. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0011]    The system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a system and method for enabling asynchronous file and file system updates of a USB mass storage device while connected to a PC. 
         [0012]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a PC  10  with a USB mass storage device (USB MSD)  12  connected thereto via USB interface  14 . PC  10  can comprise a computer capable of running as a USB Host, or any system capable of being a USB Host. USB MSD  12  can comprise a camera, a phone, memory, solid state memory, hard drive or other device adapted to act as a USB MSD. 
         [0013]    While the USB MSD  12  is connected to the PC, if it is desired to asynchronously update the file system, in accordance with the system and method, by using capabilities in the SCSI command set, the prior art limitation of not being able to asynchronously update the file system can be eliminated. 
         [0014]    The file system contains information about the files stored on the device. The information is stored in several tables, the tables being stored in partitions on the device. 
         [0015]    The tables are:
       the Master Boot Record (MBR),   the Partition Root Directory, and   the FAT(s) (file allocation table).       
 
         [0019]    The MBR contains information about where the Partition Root Directory is on the device. The Partition Root Directory contains information on each file stored on the device (i.e. name, extended name, attributes, dates, size, starting Logical Block Address (LBA), etc.). The FAT contains information that indicates which sectors a file occupies. 
         [0020]    This information gives the PC the information needed to manipulate the file system and files on the device. 
         [0021]    The SCSI protocol allows the PC to access sectors on the device that contain the information for each of the tables and the files on the device. 
         [0022]    The information and files are accessed using the LBA for each table or file. The SCSI protocol also includes commands to check the status of a connected device. The commands most typically employed to check the status of a connected device include, but are not limited to, TEST_UNIT_READY and REQUEST_SENSE. 
         [0023]    The TEST_UNIT_READY command is a status request that checks to see if the USB MSD is ready to receive commands. The REQUEST_SENSE command is used to gather information about the internal state of the USB MSD. These commands are sent to the USB MSD during idle times, that is, when there no other commands being processed. 
         [0024]    In accordance with the invention, the SCSI command sequence used to overcome the file system limitations is to reply to the REQUEST_SENSE command with an error status with specific details indicating the file system has changed. This condition causes the PC to flush its file system cache and reread the file system from the device. Accordingly, a method and mechanism is provided for asynchronously updating the file system. 
         [0025]    Thus, referring to  FIG. 2 , if a file is changed on the USB MSD (block  20 ), the specific reply to the REQUEST_SENSE command is a status reply with the SCSI Compliant (value 0x80) and Current Errors (value 0x70) bits set (block  22 ), UNIT_ATTENTION sense key with the File Marker set (block  24 ), Additional Sense Code set to TIMESTAMP_CHANGED (block  26 ), and the Additional Sense Code Qualifier set to TIMESTAMP_CHANGED (block  28 ). 
         [0026]    Exemplary code sections for a particular embodiment are now illustrated. 
         [0000]    Setting the condition when a file changes: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 void MSD_SCSI_FileChange( ) 
               
               
                 { 
               
             
          
           
               
                  scsiSense.SenseKey 
                 = UNIT_ATTENTION; 
               
               
                  scsiSense.LogicalBlockAddress 
                 = 0x00; 
               
               
                  scsiSense.CommandInformation[0 
                 = 0x00; 
               
               
                  scsiSense.CommandInformation[1] 
                 = 0x00; 
               
               
                  scsiSense.CommandInformation[2] 
                 = 0x00; 
               
               
                  scsiSense.CommandInformation[3] 
                 = 0x00; 
               
             
          
           
               
                  scsiSense.AdditionalSenseCode = ASC_TIMESTAMP_CHANGED; 
               
               
                  scsiSense.AdditionalSenseCodeQualifier = 
               
               
                  ASCQ_TIMESTAMP_CHANGED; 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0027]    Values used above are, for example: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 UNIT_ATTENTION 
                 = 0x06 
               
               
                   
                 ASC_TIMESTAMP_CHANGED 
                 = 0x2A 
               
               
                   
                 ASCQ_TIMESTAMP_CHANGED 
                 = 0x10 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0028]    A function setting the return status buffer when the REQUEST_SENSE command is received is as follows: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 T_UINT32 MSD_SCSI_RequestSense(char *cmd) 
               
               
                   
                 { 
               
               
                   
                   int    i; 
               
               
                   
                   T_UINT8  size; 
               
               
                   
                   T_UINT8  *ptr; 
               
               
                   
                   // cmd points to the first part of the scsi command block 
               
               
                   
                   // return sense data 
               
               
                   
                   size = 18; 
               
               
                   
                   // most of this is coded with regard to an MSD device 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   g_buf[0] 
                 = 0xF0; 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                     // sense data SCSI compliant 0x80 ; current errors 0x70 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   g_buf[1] 
                 = 0x00; 
                 // segment number 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[2] 
                 = 0x80 | scsiSense.SenseKey; 
                 // file mark and 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                  sense key 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   ptr 
                 = (T_UINT8 *)&amp;scsiSense.LogicalBlockAddress; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[3] 
                 = *ptr++; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[4] 
                 = *ptr++; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[5] 
                 = *ptr++; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[6] 
                 = *ptr++; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[7] 
                 = size − 7;   // data buffer length − 7 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[8] 
                 = scsiSense.CommandInformation[0]; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[9] 
                 = scsiSense.CommandInformation[1]; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[10] 
                 = scsiSense.CommandInformation[2]; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[11] 
                 = scsiSense.CommandInformation[3]; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[12] 
                 = scsiSense.AdditionalSenseCode; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[13] 
                 = scsiSense.AdditionalSenseCodeQualifier; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[14] 
                 = 0x00;   // field replaceable unit code 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[15] 
                 = 0x00;   // Sense key specific (optional) 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[16] 
                 = 0x00; 
               
               
                   
                   g_buf[17] 
                 = 0x00; 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   // transmit the buffer 
               
               
                   
                   SerialPutBuf((T_UINT8 far*)g_buf, size); 
               
               
                   
                   // reset for next round 
               
               
                   
                   MSD_SCSI_ClearSense( ); 
               
               
                   
                   return (T_UINT32)size; 
               
               
                   
                 } 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0029]    Accordingly, in accordance with the above, a file and the file system on a USB MSD can be asynchronously updated while connected to a PC. By employing the method, the PC will flush its file system cache and reread the file system from the device, which means that a file may be updated or changed and the PC will recognize that the change has taken place. 
         [0030]    While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects. The appended claims are therefore intended to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.