Abstract:
The invention is a method for application of a special low viscosity cyanoacrylate adhesive which is used for the manufacture and repair of wooden furniture. The cyanoacrylate adhesive quickly penetrates and bonds wood to wood. The wooden furniture that results from the process of this invention are cohesive in structure and are ready for immediate use. This special wood grade cyanoacrylate adhesive provided by this invention permits those in the furniture repair or furniture manufacture industries with a method of repairing or assembling wooden furniture in an easy and quick manner.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to application of adhesives, and, more particularly, to a low viscosity cyanoacrylate adhesive used for wooden furniture repair or manufacture.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    In the past, wooden furniture was made by mechanical fastening systems or the use of epoxy/water based adhesives. These adhesives needed to be pre-applied to the joint and then assembled, thus, not allowing for easy repair of loosened joints. Up to 24 hours was needed for clean up of excessive adhesive and fixturing was required while the adhesive hardened. These adhesives would normally comprise of two or more components which required the measuring of each of the components and the mixing of these components together. Furthermore, the pot life of these mixtures needed to be taken into consideration, making it necessary to take and keep copious notes on the mixtures and each component. Water based adhesives would shrink, thus allowing for gaps in joints which make them susceptible to loosening and squeaking.  
           [0003]    The shape and form of any fluid dispenser is primarily due to the type of liquid or flowable material being dispensed therefrom and the use thereof. Adhesive dispensers are frequently styled to direct the material to a desired location which may be of a small area or otherwise in a location difficult to reach, such as the area between the joints of furniture. These dispensers have long applicators or various tubing to achieve the desired result. Some examples of such known dispensers are illustrated in the following patents:  
           [0004]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,217,994 to Koenig et al. illustrates a glue dispenser with a self-closing valve. The upper end of the glue dispenser is cone shaped which is provided with an axial round bore in which a cylindrical rod is located. The glue flows through the space between the round bore and the cylindrical rod by pressure on the bottle.  
           [0005]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,760,937 to Evezich discloses a dispenser with a deformable inner container and resilient outer container. A curved nozzle and various cylindrical nozzle extenders attach to the resilient outer container.  
           [0006]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,917,267 to Laverdure shows an dispenser attachment with a squeezable self-closing valve. The neck is shaped in an untapered cylindrical shape including a neck outlet through which material is discharged. A collar is used to secure a discharge nozzle to the neck which extends to a curved quadrant shaped valve.  
           [0007]    U.S. Pat. No. 3,030,952 to Elder discusses a flexible plastic container for sterile injectable fluids. A tube, connected to a connector, protrudes from the container. The components of the connector, namely a drip tube, needle adapter and needle, dispense of the contents in the container.  
           [0008]    U.S. Pat. No. 3,105,618 to Whitley discloses a squeeze bottle and fluid distributor. A measuring tube expels liquid from the squeeze bottle.  
           [0009]    U.S. Pat. No. 3,134,515 to Callahan shows a leak detector apparatus. A test liquid bottle provided with a suitable stopper includes a relatively thin pliable tube slidably fitted therein. The tube permits a considerable degree of control to be exercised by the operator over the zones to which the test fluid is applied. Couplings located in relatively inaccessible places may be tested with greatly increased facility.  
           [0010]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,572 to Strater shows a dropper bottle employing a conventional flexible bottle and cover with a conical tip having a hole in the end thereof. An adapter sits between the mouth of the bottle and a ferrule of a needle and includes a passage for fluid between the bottle and the needle.  
           [0011]    U.S. Pat. No. 3,572,558 to Hooker illustrates a dropper dispenser with a squeeze bottle and tube. The tube extends through the bottle cap with its discharge end fitted to hold a tip. The tip includes a capillary tube member and elongated drop conveying stem. The tube is deformed to hold the stem in place while allowing a passage for the liquid from the bottle.  
           [0012]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,526,490 to Welsh discloses a dispenser formed with filling and discharge openings at opposite ends with a flexible discharge spout. The discharge spout is elongated and flexible and of uniform very small diameter to control discharge of precise amounts of material directed to desired locations of use.  
           [0013]    The above prior art summaries are merely representative of portions of the inventions disclosed in each reference. In no instance should these summaries substitute for a thorough reading of each individual reference. All the above references are hereby incorporated by reference.  
           [0014]    In the repair and manufacture of wooden furniture, of primary concern is the securing of the joints in a manner where there is no indication of a bonding agent, and where the joints are tight and stay tight. Accordingly, the dispenser and applicator used in wooden furniture need to not only direct the flow to any relatively inaccessible space, but need to prevent leakage of adhesive on other sections of the furniture which is detrimental to the finish.  
           [0015]    Many of the applicator tips aforementioned do not tightly encase the dispenser and thus, may easily allow for leaks. Examples of snap-acting securements provide a relatively tight connection, but are only appropriate for a specialized dispenser with snap-engaging members. Other applicator tips described are rigid, not allowing for great flexibility in applying the fluid to relatively inaccessible areas. The previous tips generally end in a rigid, cylindrical opening, which make it more difficult to sparingly apply adhesive between joints of a piece of furniture.  
           [0016]    Adhesive discharged from an adhesive dispenser tends to harden inside the closure member, causing a layer of glue which may seal the discharge opening shut, or even seal the closure member to the dispenser. The accumulation of dried adhesive may be difficult if not impossible to remove. Thus, auxiliary tools, such as pliers, etc., are needed in separating the closure member from the adhesive dispenser once the adhesive has been discharged.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0017]    In order to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a low viscosity cyanoacrylate adhesive and an adhesive bottle with a unique applicator tip and closure member.  
           [0018]    A special low viscosity cyanoacrylate adhesive is used for the manufacture and repair of wooden furniture, since it quickly penetrates and bonds wood to wood. This special wood grade cyanoacrylate adhesive provided by this invention permits those in the furniture repair or furniture manufacture industries with a method of repairing or assembling wooden furniture in an easy and quick manner. The wooden furniture that results from the process of this invention are cohesive in structure and are ready for immediate use.  
           [0019]    An applicator tip is disclosed which not only provides a flexible, manipulator for dispensing glue to the joints of wooden furniture, but it also provides a narrow diameter for application in relatively inaccessible areas. The tip is formed from a piece of tubing, one end being frustro-prolated to receive the discharge end of a dispenser and the other end tapering into a capillary tube member with a cylindrical opening, capable of being flattened into a elliptical shape. The frustro-prolated end, when applied to the discharge end of the dispenser, which is a conical port member, forms a snapless suction which prevents undesirable leaks therefrom.  
           [0020]    The tip is preferably flexible so that it may be bent into a desired configuration to facilitate the discharge of material to a desired location with accuracy. A wire, or similar elongate member, may be placed within the capillary tube member, allowing for even more precise application of the adhesive.  
           [0021]    The dispenser is provided with a closure member having a metallic pin which penetrates into the discharge opening while the closure member is being secured thereon. Additionally, as the closure member tightens onto the dispenser, side protrusions along the inner portion of the closure member scrape the excess adhesive from the discharge end thereof. Opposing side tabs, complimentary to annular protruding ribs on the periphery of the discharge member, lock the closure member thereon, preventing discharge when the same is being stored.  
           [0022]    The discharge end of the dispenser is provided with a tiered port member having an axial opening therethrough and to which the applicator tip and closure member therefore interchangeably and selectably may be attached.  
           [0023]    In a second embodiment, the dispenser is provided with a closure member which during storage, is inverted, being used as a seal for the conical port member of the dispenser. The inverted closure member is then detached from the conical port member, transposed, and subsequently used so that the material within the dispenser may be secured against discharge as when the same is being stored.  
           [0024]    The discharge end of the dispenser is provided with conical shaped port member having an axial opening therethrough and to which the applicator tip and closure member therefore interchangeably and selectably may be attached.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0025]    These and other features of the present invention will become readily apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which:  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 1 is an elevational view of the adhesive dispenser and applicator tip as set forth in the present invention;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIGS. 2A and 2B are enlarged sectional view showing the details of the closure member of FIG. 1, whereas FIG. 2A is separated along lines  2 - 2 ;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 2B is an enlarged sectional view of FIG. 1;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 3 is several alternative curved positions of the capillary tube member in FIG. 1 shown in phantom;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 taken along lines  4 - 4 ;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 5 is an elevational view of a second embodiment of the adhesive dispenser as set forth in the present invention;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 6 is an elevational view illustrating the various elements which are connected together in the dispenser shown in FIG. 5;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 7 is the preferred use of FIG. 1; and  
         [0034]    [0034]FIGS. 8, 9,  10 ,  11 , and  12  all illustrate the process by which the capillary applicator tip of FIG. 1 is made.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0035]    Referring now specifically to the drawings, there is illustrated an adhesive dispenser and applicator tip, generally designated as  10 , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein like reference numerals refer to like components throughout the drawings.  
         [0036]    An adhesive dispenser  10  is made up of a body  12  and tiered discharge member  18  with an axial opening therethrough. The discharge member comprises peripheral annular protruding ribs  14  and screw abutments  16 , shown in FIG. 1. A closure member  20  is provided for the tiered discharge member  18  which locks into place thereon when opposing tabs  24  on the lower portion of the closure member couple with the peripheral annular protruding ribs  14 , preventing discharge when the same is being stored. An applicator tip  26 , extending from the discharge member a limited distance, is also provided for dispensing the adhesive located in the body  12  of the dispenser  10 . The applicator tip and closure member may be interchangeably and selectably attached to the discharge member. The dispenser  10  contains a special low viscosity ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesive  30 , which quickly penetrates and bonds woods, ceramics, metals, plastic and rubber, fabric, etc. The adhesive gives faster cure rate on porous acidic materials than the standard grades and is particularly suitable for bonding wood. Furthermore, it cures very rapidly at room temperature: 2-60 seconds with wood (depending on the wood); 1-5 seconds with rubbers (e.g. nitrite, N-butyl and neoprene); 5-30 seconds with metals (e.g. aluminum, mild steel, zinc plated steel); and 2-20 seconds with plastics (e.g. P.V.C., ABS, PMMA, polycarbonate, phenolformaldehyde). General characteristics of the cyanoacrylate adhesive include as follows:  
                                       Appearance:   Colourless       Corrosivity:   None       Odour:   Pungent       Melting point:   &lt;−30° C.       Boiling point:   36-38° C. (at 0.13 mbar)       Flash point:   83° C.       Volatile content:   0%       Relative density:   Approx. 1.0       Solubility in water:   Insoluble and immiscible       Gap filling capacity:   Up to 0.05 mm       Shelf life:   Greater than 1 year (temp 0-5° C.)           Greater than 6 mnths (temp 5°-25° C.)       Specific gravity:   1.05       Toxicity:   Non toxic       Type:   Ethyl       Viscosity at 25° C.:   3 mPa.s*       Vapour pressure:   Low       Temperature resistance:   Up to 80° C.                                  
 
         [0037]    thickener (0-20%), and a inorganic thickener (0-10%).  
         [0038]    The closure member  20  houses a metallic pin member  28  on its top internal portion. The pin member  28  extends toward and penetrates into the discharge opening while the closure member is being secured thereon, shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Though the preferred embodiment discloses a pin made of metal, the material is not limited to such. Material such as ceramic, plastic, and other suitable material may also be used. Longitudinal side protrusions  29  housed along the inner side portion of the closure member  20  scrape the excess adhesive from the discharge end when fastening on the screw abutments  16  thereof.  
         [0039]    The applicator tip  26  is formed from a piece of polyethylene tubing or similar material, or similar material, allowing for flexibility and ease of manipulation, shown in FIG. 3. One end  32  of the applicator tip  26  is frustro-prolated to receive the discharge end  18  of a dispenser. The other end  34  tapers into a flexible capillary tube, extending a limited distance from the frustro-prolated portion  32 . The tubing terminates with a cylindrical bore of small diameter  34 , capable of being flattened or manipulated into a elliptical shape (see FIG. 4). The frustro-prolated end  32 , when applied to the conical port member  14 , forms a slidably engaging, snapless suction which prevents undesirable leaks therefrom. The applicator tip  26  is not limited for use with the embodied dispenser, it may also be used on other dispensers with similar discharge apertures.  
         [0040]    The capillary tube member  34  is capable of being bent into a desired configuration to facilitate the discharge of material to a desired location with accuracy. A wire (not shown), or similar elongate member, may be placed within the capillary tube member  34 , allowing for even more precise application of the adhesive.  
         [0041]    A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Referring now to FIG. 5, there is portrayed therein a dispenser  60  which is made up of a squeezable body  62  and discharge member  64  having a conical-shaped port member and axial opening therethrough. An closure member  70  is provided for the conical port member which originates as a manufacture seal when inverted, with its bottom portion  63  sealing off the axial aperture and its side portions  65  extending away from the dispenser. The closure member is then severed along section  68  and used subsequently to secure the dispenser  60  against discharge. The conical port member, closure member and applicator tip are all housed within a removable rectangular member  66 .  
         [0042]    The applicator tip  26  and closure member  70  may be interchangeably and selectably attached to the conical port member  64 , shown in FIG. 6. Once the closure member  70  is originally detached from the conical port member, it is inverted to secure the dispenser  60  against discharge when the material is to be stored.  
         [0043]    A desired amount of the contents in the dispenser may be discharged from the applicator tip  26  accurately to a desired location by squeezing the sides of the dispenser body  62 . Upon releasing the sides thereof, flow is instantly stopped and may even be retracted into the conical port member  64  from the applicator tip  26 .  
         [0044]    After use, the applicator tip  26  is cleared by holding the bottle upright and squeezing the dispenser body  62 . The dispenser body  62  is released and air returning through the capillary tip  26  clears the tip by velocity of the returning air which is enhanced by gravity from the bottle being in the upright position.  
         [0045]    Once the applicator tip is firmly attached to the tiered port member  18  (FIG. 1) or the conical port member  64  (FIG. 5), the cyanoacrylate based adhesive contained within the dispenser  10  is then used to bond or assemble such things as wooden joints  42  of a chair  40 , shown in FIG. 7, or other such articles made of wood, ceramic, metal, plastic and rubber, fabric, etc. The applicator tip aids in the proper application of the cyanoacrylate adhesive into the joint  42 , leaving no indication of adhesive application. The adhesive is expelled from the dispenser  10  and applied to joints by tracing the joint lines thereof. The wooden furniture that results from this process are cohesive in structure and are ready for immediate use.  
         [0046]    The applicator tip is made from a long flexible elongate tube  50 , shown in FIG. 8. The tube preferable is fabricated from materials that are tractable, flexible and manipulative, such as polyethylene or similar material, etc., and is uniform in shape and diameter. Heat  55  is applied to the midsection of the elongate tube  50 , shown in FIG. 9. The forming of the tube may be accomplished with conventional heat forming tools, electric or cored hot water units. Ultrasonic forming and welding may also be used depending on the type and thickness of the plastic. Opposing longitudinal pressure A and B is then applied to either end of the tube as shown in FIG. 10, causing the heated midsection of the tube to stretch, forming a thin cylindrical tube such as a capillary tube. While this pressure is maintained, cutting means  58 , shown in FIG. 11, bisect the tube resulting in identical tubing halves  50   a  and  50   b , shown in FIG. 12. A tubing half  50   a  is then used in the present embodiment as the aforementioned applicator tip, consisting of a frustro-prolated portion  72  and a capillary tube member  74 .  
         [0047]    The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. Such modifications and variations that may be apparent to a person skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined by the accompanying claims.