Abstract:
A method for customizing software configurations includes: providing a static pre-installation software package; identifying a late-bindable token of the static pre-installation package; assigning a unique late-bind identifier to the late-bindable token; assigning the late-bind identifier to a late-bind identifier default value; and assigning the late-bind identifier a corresponding token value. The token value is for binding to the token identified by the late-bind identifier when the customized software package is installed.

Description:
BACKGROUND  
         [0001]    1. Field  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to installing software on computer systems, and, more particularly, to generating customized software for execution on computer systems using late binding techniques.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    Computer systems are information handling systems which can be designed to give independent computing power to one user or a plurality of users. Computer systems may be found in many forms including, for example, mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, servers, personal computers, notepads and embedded systems. A typical computer system includes at least one processing unit, associated memory and a number of input/output (I/O) devices. A computer system processes information according to a program and produces resultant output information via the I/O devices. A program is a list of internally stored instructions such as a particular application program and/or an operating system. The programs that control the operation of a computer system are commonly referred to as software applications or simply software. Such software must be installed in memory of a computer system or systems in order to subsequently direct the operation of the computer system or systems.  
           [0005]    In software, binding refers to associating two pieces of information with one another. The term is most often used with regard to binding a symbol or token such as the name of a variable with some descriptive information such as a memory address, a data type, or an actual value. In other words, binding is the assigning of a value or referent to an identifier. For example, binding includes the assignment of a value to a parameter and/or the assignment of an absolute address, virtual address, or device identifier to a symbolic address or label in a computer program.  
           [0006]    The binding time is the time in a program&#39;s operation at which binding of information occurs. Binding time usually refers to the time at which program elements are bound to their storage locations and values. Binding of different types of elements often occurs at different times. Binding that occurs during program compilation or linkage is called static or early binding, whereas binding that occurs during program execution is called dynamic or late binding. In early binding, when a variable or sub-routine is called, the program does not have to take the time to calculate the address of the variable or sub-routine because it has already been inserted into the program code. That is, early binding is performed prior to the execution of a computer program and is not subject to change during program execution. Late binding often refers to applications that determine, during runtime, which software routines to call for particular data objects. Such applications are used, for example, when real time data is required for program execution. Thus, late binding is performed during the execution of a computer program.  
           [0007]    Software pre-installation packages include condensed information for a software application install. Generic pre-installation packages are used in a factory environment to create any number of copies of a given software application or applications on the various computer systems produced. Typically, such pre-installation packages provide static or uniform copies of the software to the various computer systems produced. For instance, some configuration information will be the same for every computer on which the application to which the configuration information corresponds is installed. It is often difficult to change certain aspects of each installation in order to customize each installation for each computer system. For example, information such as software serial number and internet protocol addresses, etc., must be unique to every copy of the installation. Information such as CD-ROM drive letter may also be unique to every copy of the installation. Consequently, such unique information must be changed on each computer system. Such unique information is referred to herein as dynamic information.  
           [0008]    One approach to customizing the software installation on a computer system is to partially install the applications in question. A partial installation requires later manual input from the computer system user to setup machine specific or otherwise unique information such as software serial number, Transport Control Protocol/Interface Program (TCP/IP) addresses, etc. Such an approach causes longer setup time for the computer system user and requires more computer system user knowledge and expertise. Additionally, more documentation for setup is also required. It is desirable that computer systems should be able to be used by persons not having a detailed understanding of all the configuration options of a computer and the knowledge of how to change them. Further, it is a constant aim in the field of data processing to produce systems that are easier to use.  
         SUMMARY  
         [0009]    It has been discovered that dynamic information may be late-bound in pre-installation packages. A method of late binding dynamic information provides the advantage that customized or unique information which is not known at the time of software package development but which is known at the time of computer system manufacture may be bound in a pre-installation package prior to loading the pre-installation package to computer systems ordered by a customer. Such a method provides the further advantage that such information need not be known by the customer or user of the computer system. The required knowledge and expertise of the customer or user is thereby minimized and the computer systems are made easier to use.  
           [0010]    A method for late binding dynamic software information includes: providing a static pre-installation software package; initializing the static pre-installation software package for subsequent late binding to provide an initialized pre-installation software package; updating the initialized pre-installation software package to include dynamic information to provide a dynamic pre-installation software package; and loading the dynamic pre-installation software package to a storage medium for subsequent installation of the dynamic pre-installation software package.  
           [0011]    A method for customizing software configurations includes: providing a static pre-installation software package; identifying a late-bindable token of the static pre-installation package; assigning a unique late-bind identifier to the late-bindable token; assigning the late-bind identifier to a late-bind identifier default value; and assigning the late-bind identifier a corresponding token value. The token value is for binding to the token identified by the late-bind identifier when the customized software package is installed.  
           [0012]    A method for late binding customized information in a software pre-installation package, the method includes: providing a generic pre-installation software package including tokens having assigned default values; initializing the generic pre-installation software package for receiving values at late bind time by assigning a late bind identifier to each token to provide an initialized pre-installation software package; providing a list of custom token values; and adding the custom token values to the initialized software package to provide a custom pre-installation software package in which the custom token values are prepared for subsequent late binding to corresponding tokens at late bind time to provide a custom installed software package.  
           [0013]    A method for customizing software configurations includes: finding a late-bindable token in a configuration file of pre-installation software; assigning a unique late-bind identifier to the late-bindable token; generating an initialization file; providing a token value; assigning the token value to the late-bind identifier in the initialization file; and late binding the token value to the token specified by the late-bind identifier during installation of the pre-installation software. The initialization file includes the late-bind identifier and a corresponding late-bind identifier potential value.  
           [0014]    A computer system includes a processor and a memory. The memory is coupled to the processor. The memory includes software installed thereon. The software is installed by a software installation procedure. The software installation procedure includes: providing a static pre-installation software package; initializing the static pre-installation software package for subsequent late binding to provide an initialized pre-installation software package; updating the initialized pre-installation software package to include dynamic information to provide a dynamic pre-installation software package; and loading the dynamic pre-installation software package to a storage medium for subsequent installation of the dynamic pre-installation software package. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0015]    The present invention may be better understood, and its numerous objects, features, and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings. The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1 shows exemplary computer system environments including computer systems and networks thereof.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for generating customized software for execution on computer systems using late binding techniques.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of late-bind initialization.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of late binding dynamic and static software information.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of installing late-bound software.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of software package development.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 7 shows exemplary pre-installation software packages at various stages of development, installation and use. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0023]    The following description is intended to be illustrative of the invention and should not be taken to be limiting. Rather, any number of variations may fall within the scope of the invention which is defined in the claims following the description.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 1 shows the various environments in which software is developed, installed and used. For example, software packages are developed in lab  110 , loaded onto computer systems in factory site  130 , and used by customers at customer site  180 . Lab  110  includes lab server  120  which in turn includes pre-installation package  122   s / 122   p.  Lab  110  may also include various development and/or test computer systems (not shown) coupled to lab server  120 . Factory site  130  includes factory server  140  and target computer systems  150 - 1 ,  150 - 2  through  150 - n,  generally referred to as target computer systems  150 . Factory server  140  includes pre-installation package  122   p  and script file  144 . Factory server  140  is coupled to lab server  120  via network connection  125 . Factory server  140  is coupled to target computer systems  150  via network connection  145 . Target computer systems  150 - 1 ,  150 - 2  through  150 - n  include respective pre-installation packages  122   d - 1 ,  122   d - 2  through  122   d - n,  generically referred to as pre-installation packages  122   d.  Customer site  180  includes customer computer systems  150 - 1 ,  150 - 2  which in turn include pre-installation packages  122   d - 1 ,  122   d - 2 , respectively.  
         [0025]    Pre-installation package  122   s  is software which is developed in lab  110  on lab server  120 . Pre-installation package  122   s  includes various software applications and configuration information that is generic to many target computer systems. For example, a configuration file of pre-installation package  122   s  includes registry information that differentiates a pure computer system (a computer system with an operating system only) from that of an installed computer system (a computer system with an operating systems and various application software). Because pre-installation package  122   s  includes information generic to multiple target computer systems, pre-installation package  122   s  is a static pre-installation package.  
         [0026]    Generally, after pre-installation package  122   s  has been developed and tested, pre-installation package  122   s  is initialized for subsequent late-binding (described below) to provide pre-bound pre-installation package  122   p.  Pre-installation package  122   p  includes the above described configuration file and an initialization file. Pre-installation package  122   p  is loaded from lab server  120  to factory server  140  via network connection  125 . Factory server  140  adds dynamic information from script file  144  to pre-installation package  122   p  to provide dynamic pre-installation packages  122   d - 1 ,  122   d - 2  through  122   d -n which are loaded to target computer systems  150 - 1 ,  150 - 2  through  150 - n,  respectively, via network connection  145 . Target computer systems  150 - 1 ,  150 - 2  are then shipped from factory site  130  to a customer site  180  to become customer computer systems  150 - 1 ,  150 - 2 , respectively.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 2 shows a high-level flow chart of one method of late binding dynamic information in software installation preparation and execution. Generally, a pre-installation software package is provided and then searched for late-bindable tokens (typically in lab  110 ). Late-bindable tokens are tokens for information that is typically customized or unique to each computer system produced. Such information is often not known during the development or purchase of the pre-installation package. Rather, such information is known at the time of computer system manufacture and may be added to the pre-installation package prior to loading the pre-installation package to computer systems ordered by a customer. The customized information is added to the pre-installation package in factory  130 . Such customized information is bound to corresponding token(s) at late bind time (e.g., during execution of the installation program).  
         [0028]    Specifically, during develop operation  210 , the static pre-installation package  122   s  is developed in lab  110  and stored in a database on lab server  120 . Develop operation  210  is described below with reference to FIG. 6. After develop operation  210  and during late-bind initialization operation  220 , pre-installation package  122   s  is initialized for subsequent late binding to provide pre-bound pre-installation package  122   p.  Late-bind initialization operation  220  is described below with reference to FIG. 3. The pre-bound pre-installation package  122   p  is stored in a database on lab server  120 .  
         [0029]    After late-bind initialization operation  220  and during factory load operation  230 , pre-installation package  122   p  is loaded from lab server  120  to factory server  140 . After factory load operation  230  and during add dynamic information operation  240 , factory server  140  adds dynamic information from script file  144  to pre-installation package  122   p  to provide dynamic pre-installation packages  122   d.  The dynamic information is generated from an order that is placed by a customer for a target computer system  150 . Add dynamic information operation  240  is further described below with reference to FIG. 4. After add dynamic information operation  240  and during target load operation  250 , each of pre-installation packages  122   d  is loaded to a respective one of target computer systems  150 .  
         [0030]    After target load operation  250 , target computer systems  150 - 1 ,  150 - 2  are shipped from factory  130  to customer site  180  to become customer computer systems  150 - 1 ,  150 - 2 . During late-bind installation operation  260 , the pre-installation packages  122   d - 1 ,  122   d - 2  are late-bound and installed on customer computer systems  150 - 1 ,  150 - 2 , respectively. Late-bind installation operation  260  is described below with reference to FIG. 5.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of develop operation  210 . During pure capture operation  610 , a snap shot of a pure test computer system with only an operating system is taken to generate pure configuration information. After pure capture operation  610  and during create configuration operation  620 , the pure configuration information obtained from the snap shot of pure capture operation  610  is stored in a configuration file, typically on the test computer system. After create configuration operation  620  and during install application operation  630 , an application or applications are installed on the test computer system. After install application operation  630  and during install capture operation  640 , a snap shot of the test computer system with the operating system and installed application(s) is taken to generate install configuration information. After install capture operation  640  and during update configuration operation  650 , the difference between the install configuration information and the pure configuration information is stored in the configuration file. After update configuration operation  650  and during store operation  660 , a pre-installation package  122   s  including the configuration file is stored on lab server  120 .  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of the late-bind initialization operation  220  of FIG. 2. During access configuration operation  310 , configuration file  312  is retrieved from pre-installation package  122 . Configuration file  312  may be any data structure which stores configuration information. For example, configuration file  312  may be a standard text file containing lines of information. Each line of information determines a configuration parameter. Configuration file  312  may also be a binary file which is editable by a tool, proprietary or otherwise. Is such a case, although not directly readable from configuration file  312 , the configuration parameters determined by configuration file  312  may still be conceptualized as having lines of configuration information.  
         [0033]    After access configuration operation  310  and during find tokens operation  320 , tokens which are candidates for late binding are located in configuration file  312 . For example, TCP/IP addresses are one example of dynamic information which must be unique to each computer system. Because the actual TCP/IP addresses for computer systems ordered by a customer are typically not known at the time of develop operation  210 , but are known at add dynamic information operation  240 , TCP/IP addresses are candidates for late binding. Therefore, the TCP/IP address assignment in configuration file  312  is located during find tokens operation  320 . Although the examples discussed herein relate to TCP/IP addresses, other tokens may be late bound in accordance with the invention. For example, software serial number and CD-ROM drive letters are prime candidates for late binding in accordance with the invention. Other tokens may also be late bound depending on the software applications, computer systems, customer requirements and other circumstances.  
         [0034]    After find tokens operation  320  and during pre-bind operation  330 , the tokens found in configuration file  312  during find tokens operation  320  are initialized for late-binding. Specifically, a late-bind identifier is created for each token. An initialization file  332  is generated which contains each late-bind identifier. In initialization file  332 , each late-bind identifier is assigned the default late-bind value originally assigned to each token in configuration file  312 . For example, a line in initialization file  332  reads as follows: 
         TCPIP= 123 . 123 . 123 . 123   
         [0035]    In the above example, “TCPIP” is the late-bind identifier, and “ 123 . 123 . 123 . 123 ” is the initially assigned default late-bind value from configuration file  312 . Initialization file  332  is added to pre-installation package  122   s  after all of the late-bind identifiers corresponding to the tokens selected for late binding are assigned a late-bind value.  
         [0036]    After pre-bind operation  330  and during update configuration operation  340 , each default late-bind value originally assigned to each token in configuration file  312  of pre-installation package  122   s  is replaced with the corresponding late-bind identifier. For example, a line in configuration file  312  is changed from 
         TCP/IP= 123 . 123 . 123 . 123   
         [0037]    to 
         TCP/IP $$TCPIP$$. 
         [0038]    In the above example, “TCP/IP” is the token, “ 123 . 123 . 123 . 123 ” is the initially assigned default late-bind value, and “$$TCPIP$$” is the late-bind identifier. Configuration file  312  is then added to pre-installation package  122   s  to provide pre-bound pre-installation package  122   p.    
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 4 shows a flow chart of the add dynamic information operation  240  of FIG. 2. During process order operation  405 , an order is received for a target computer system  150  having a specific configuration as provided by pre-installation package  122   d.  Although orders are shown to be received at the beginning of add dynamic information operation  240 , orders may be received and processed at any time before update initialization file operation  430 . Information that is potentially unique (i.e., dynamic information) to each received order is placed in script file  412 . Script file  412  includes a list of order numbers and a corresponding token or plurality of tokens.  
         [0040]    After process order operation and during get token value operation  410 , script file  412  is accessed to retrieve the dynamic information which is to be added to pre-installation package  122   p  to provide the various pre-installation packages  122   d.  Script file includes a list of dynamic information. For example, each target computer system  150  ordered by a customer is assigned a unique order number. The pre-installation package  122   d  which will be loaded onto the target computer system  150  must include the unique information ordered by the customer. Script file  412  includes a list of token values which are the unique information to be provided to each target computer system  150 . For example, each target computer system  150  ordered by the customer must include a different TCP/IP address. Script file  412  includes a TCP/IP token value which is the actual TCP/IP address to be downloaded to a particular target computer system  150 - 1  having the current, unique order number.  
         [0041]    After get token value operation  410  and during get initialization file operation  420 , initialization file  332  is retrieved from the pre-installation package  122   p.  As discussed above with reference to FIG. 3, initialization file  332  includes a line assigning a late-bind value to a late-bind identifier corresponding to a token for a particular target computer system  150 .  
         [0042]    After get initialization file operation  420  and during update initialization file operation  430 , each late-bind identifier is assigned a token value. For example, initialization file  332  included the following line: 
         TCPIP= 123 . 123 . 123 . 123   
         [0043]    During update initialization file operation  430 , the above line is modified so that the late-bind identifier “TCPIP” is assigned an actual, ordered token value instead of the default late-bind value “ 123 . 123 . 123 . 123 :”  
         TCPIP= 111 . 111 . 111 . 111   
         [0044]    In the above example, “TCPIP” is the late-bind identifier, and “ 111 . 111 . 111 . 111 ” is an exemplary dynamic or unique token value to be assigned to a target computer system  150  ordered by the customer. The reassignment from the default late-bind value(s) to the actual token value(s) provides initialization file  432 .  
         [0045]    After update initialization file operation  430  and during save initialization file operation  440 , initialization file  432  is added to pre-installation package  122   p  to provide a particular pre-installation package  122   d.  For example, if the above token value TCP/IP address was ordered by a customer for target computer system  150 - 1 , then pre-installation package  122   d - 1  is generated.  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of the late-bind installation operation  260  of FIG. 2. During get late-bind information operation  510 , initialization file  432  and configuration file  342  are retrieved from pre-installation package  122   d.  The dynamic information in initialization file  432  is used to update configuration file  342  prior to installation. For example, when customer computer system  150 - 1  is at customer site  180 , configuration file  342  and the initialization file including the dynamic information ordered by the customer is retrieved from pre-installation package  122   d - 1 . After get late-bind information operation  510  and during late-bind operation  520 , each token from configuration file  342  is bound to the dynamic information from initialization file  432 . Continuing the above example, prior to late-bind operation  520 , configuration file  342  includes the following line: 
         TCP/IP=$$TCPIP$$; 
         [0047]    and initialization file  432  includes the following line: 
         TCPIP= 111 . 111 . 111 . 111   
         [0048]    During late-bind operation  520 , the two lines above are combined to read as follows: 
         TCP/IP= 111 . 111 . 111 . 111   
         [0049]    Thus, in the memory of the customer computer system  150 , the actual token value from initialization file  432  is combined with the corresponding token from configuration file  342  during late-bind operation  520 .  
         [0050]    After late-bind operation  520 , the software of pre-installation package  122   d - 1  is installed on customer computer system  150 - 1  using any appropriate, well known method.  
         [0051]    The above exemplary description may be further understood with reference to FIG. 7. During develop operation  210  of FIG. 2, pre-installation package  122   s  is provided and/or developed in lab  110  of FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 7, pre-installation package  122   s  includes configuration file  312  which assigns a default value to each late-bindable token. As such, pre-installation package  122   s  includes static information. During late-bind initialization operation  220  of FIG. 2, pre-installation package  122   p  is developed in lab  110  of FIG. 1. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, pre-installation package  122   p  includes configuration file  342  and initialization file  332 . Configuration file assigns a late-bind identifier to the each-bindable token, and initialization file assigns a late-bind value to each late-bind identifier. During add dynamic information operation  240  of FIG. 2, pre-installation package  122   d  is developed by adding dynamic information from file list  412 . Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, initialization file is edited to assign a token value to each late-bind identifier for which dynamic information is required (e.g. ordered by a customer). During late-bind installation operation  260  of FIG. 2, and as shown in FIG. 7, each token value assigned to a corresponding late-bind identifier is late bound to a token which was assigned the corresponding late-bind identifier (e.g., during late-bind operation  520  of FIG. 5).  
         [0052]    The above description is intended to describe at least one example of the invention. Consequently, the above description is not intended to define the scope of the invention. Rather, the scope of the invention is defined in the claims below. Thus, other examples of the invention may include various modifications, additions, and/or improvements to the above description. For example, the operations given in the above description are for illustration only. Operations may be combined or the functionality of the operations may be distributed in additional operations in accordance with the invention. Although an attempt has been made to outline a few exemplary variations, other examples of the invention are within the scope of invention as defined in the claims below.