Abstract:
The aspects disclosed herein are directed to systems, methods, implementations, and devices for evaluating the efficacy of optical fire placement(s) with a plume-based model. Employing the aspects disclosed herein, an implementer may review a real-world implementation and determine if said real-world implementation is covered adequately by a proposed optical fire placement strategy.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/293,415, filed Feb. 10, 2016, entitled “Creating a Plume Fire Model,” now pending, which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Ensuring safe and compliant environments is critical in certain industries and contexts. These requirements may be mandated by laws and regulations with an associated jurisdiction, dictated by customer or insurance requirements, or instituted by the stakeholder&#39;s of the environment to ensure safety and prevention of harm to themselves and associates. 
         [0003]    One such area associated with said liability is fire and fire-related abatement. Various devices, such as extinguishers, fire sprinkler systems, optical fire detectors, and the like may be implemented. Thus, as a fire is detected, a water or fire abatement system may be instigated, and/or a party associated with remediating the fire may be notified. 
         [0004]    In the past, optical fire detectors have been proposed.  FIG. 1  illustrates an overview of a top-view of an optical fire detector system implementation according to the prior art. 
         [0005]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , an optical fire detector  110  is provided that is capable of capturing a field of view  120  (or “cone of vision”). Inside the cone  120  is a monitored area  130 . The monitored area  130  is the area desired to be monitored by an optical fire detector. This area will be the plane for which coverage results will be calculated. This plane may be parallel to the floor of the room. 
         [0006]    In this monitored area  130 , it is assumed that a fire  140  (shown as a rectangle for illustrative purposes) is able to be detected by the optical fire detector  110 , and the monitored area  130  has 100% coverage. 
         [0007]    Thus, the goal of any optical fire detection system is to ensure as much coverage as possible. If an area is not viewable by the optical fire detection system, i.e. if a fire originates in this area and is not detected, the fire may cause costly damage, become dangerously large or uncontainable, or be addressed with too long a delay. Thus, ensuring accurate and complete detection is imperative. 
         [0008]    An environment or context employing an optical fire detection system, such as the systems shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , may require multiple systems to be implemented in a single space or room. As will be explained below, an environment or context may include objects that obstruct the vision capabilities of the optical fire detector  110 . Thus, in order to deal with these obstructions, multiple optical fire detectors, such as those shown in  FIG. 1 , may be placed in a variety of locations in a specific environment or context. 
         [0009]    Various ideas and simulation software may be proposed to detect whether a system&#39;s implementation is sufficient.  FIGS. 2 and 3  disclose such techniques, with such techniques being somewhat sufficient in estimating/assessing as to whether the implemented systems are sufficient, or alternatively, need augmentation for improvement (i.e., adding more detectors, re-placing existing detectors, and the like). 
         [0010]    Thus, the environment shown in  FIG. 1  may be modeled employing three-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) techniques. Once the environment is modeled, various placements of optical fire detector  110  may be tested and determined to assess adequacy and coverage. Further, the base may be varied to determine how various planes in space are being efficiently captured. 
         [0011]    For example,  FIG. 2  illustrates a method of optical fire detection employing a cone of vision overlay with two dimension projections of obstructions. In  FIG. 2 , the optical fire detector  110  is similar to that shown in  FIG. 1 , and as such, a detailed description will be omitted. 
         [0012]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , the cone  120  illustrated includes a variety of obstructions,  210  and  220 . Also shown are rays  230 , which are projected from an optical fire detector  110  (or the location where the optical fire detector  110  is implemented). As shown, some of the rays  230  are able to project to the end or boundary of cone  120  (to monitored area  130 ), while some of the rays  230  are impeded by either obstruction  210  or  220 . 
         [0013]    Based on the above, a determination is made that the coverage is of X % (for example, as shown, 44%). An implementer may determine that based on the resultant determination, that the coverage associated with a specific placement of an optical fire detector  110  is not sufficient. As such, additional optical fire detectors may be placed and/or the existing optical fire detectors may be re-situated. 
         [0014]      FIG. 3  illustrates another example method for determining coverage of an optical fire detection system (known as the point method). In this method, rays are projected from a finite location  330  (end points) inside the monitored area  130  to the placed location of the optical fire detector  110 . The end points (shown in monitored area  130 ) may be configured and spaced by an implementer of the method. As shown, some of the rays  331  are obstructed, while others are not. Once again, based on this determination, an implementer may employ the method to determine the adequacy of coverage of the test optical fire detector  110 .  FIG. 3  applies to both the ray tracing method and the point method because they will provide the same results. The difference is that ray tracing goes from the detector out to the edge of the cone-of-vision whereas the point method goes from a finite element on the analysis plane back to the detector. 
         [0015]    In any implementation, the implementer achieves an advantage in both costs and efficacy when implementing fewer of the systems described above. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0016]    The following description relates to systems, devices, and methods for evaluating placement of optical fire detector(s). 
         [0017]    A system for evaluating a placement of an optical fire detector for an environment is described herein. The system includes a data store comprising a computer readable medium storing a program of instructions for the automatic audience creation; a processor that executes the program of instructions, the processor being configured to: receive environment data, the environment data being defined as digital information modeling an environment; retrieve predetermined settings associated with an implementation of the system; receive optical fire detector placement data, the optical fire detector placement data being associated with a placement of an optical fire detector in a location associated with the environment, simulate an area in which the optical fire detector may observe; demarcate the simulated area with a plurality of predetermined plumes; and determine whether the each of the plurality of predetermined plumes is compliant, and outputting a response based on the determination. 
         [0018]    In another example, the system includes, demarcating each of the plurality of plumes further into a plurality of facets, each of the plurality of facets being an equal size; assigning each of the plurality of facets a predetermined radiation amount; wherein the determining of whether each of the plurality of predetermined plumes being compliant is further defined by: determining an amount of the plurality of facets being visible by the optical fire detector; summing the predetermined radiation amount based on the determined amount of the plurality of facets being visible; and the determining of compliance is further defined by the summed predetermined radiation amount being over a predetermined threshold per plume. 
         [0019]    In another example, one of the predetermined settings is defined as a plume size. 
         [0020]    In another example, one of the predetermined settings is defined as a facet size. 
         [0021]    In another example, one of the predetermined settings is defined as an amount of radiation assigned per each of the plurality of facets. 
         [0022]    In another example, one of the predetermined settings is defined as a threshold for plume compliance. 
         [0023]    In another example, the outputted response is defined as an graphical display indicating which portions of the environment are covered by the optical fire detector being compliant. 
         [0024]    In another example, the environment data is sourced by an automatic system to convert a plurality of images of the environment into digital data. 
         [0025]    In another example, the environment data is sourced by a manual modelling performed by computer-aided drafting. 
         [0026]    Also disclosed herein are systems for evaluating a placement of a plurality of optical fire detectors for an environment. The system includes a data store comprising a computer readable medium storing a program of instructions for the automatic audience creation; a processor that executes the program of instructions, the processor being configured to: receive environment data, the environment data being defined as digital information modeling an environment; retrieve predetermined settings associated with an implementation of the system; receive optical fire detector placement data, the optical fire detector placement data being associated with a placement of the plurality of optical fire detectors in a location associated with the environment, the processor is further configured to perform the following steps: 1) simulate an area in which one of the optical fire detector may observe; 2) demarcate the simulated area with a plurality of predetermined plumes; and 3) determine whether the each of the plurality of predetermined plumes is compliant, 4) iteratively perform steps 1-3 for each of the plurality of optical fire detectors, combine a response based on the determination, and outputting the combined response. 
         [0027]    Further objects, features and advantages of this invention will become readily apparent to persons skilled in the art after a review of the following description, with reference to the drawings and claims that are appended to and form a part of this specification. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0028]      FIG. 1  illustrates an overview of a top-view of an environment in which an optical fire detector system may be implemented. 
           [0029]      FIG. 2  illustrates a ray tracing method for determining coverage of an optical fire detection system according to the prior art. 
           [0030]      FIG. 3  illustrates a point method for determining coverage of an optical fire detection system according to the prior art. 
           [0031]      FIG. 4  illustrates a high-level system diagram implementing the aspects disclosed herein. 
           [0032]      FIG. 5  illustrates one example of producing environment data according to the aspects disclosed herein. 
           [0033]      FIG. 6  illustrates a flowchart/method of implementing the system of  FIG. 4 . 
           [0034]      FIGS. 7 and 8  illustrate the plume-model concept. 
           [0035]      FIG. 9  illustrates a flowchart/method of implementing another embodiment of the system of  FIG. 4 . 
           [0036]      FIGS. 10A-10C  illustrate an example of outputs employing the system of  FIG. 4 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0037]    The invention is described more fully hereinafter with references to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure is thorough, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. It will be understood that for the purposes of this disclosure, “at least one of each” will be interpreted to mean any combination the enumerated elements following the respective language, including combination of multiples of the enumerated elements. For example, “at least one of X, Y, and Z” will be construed to mean X only, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more items X, Y, and Z (e.g. XYZ, XZ, YZ, X). Throughout the drawings and the detailed description, unless otherwise described, the same drawing reference numerals are understood to refer to the same elements, features, and structures. The relative size and depiction of these elements may be exaggerated for clarity, illustration, and convenience. 
         [0038]    As explained above, obtaining an accurate determination of optical fire detector placement allows an implementer of said systems to minimize costs and improve efficacy of placement. Current modeling techniques, such as those shown in  FIGS. 2 and 3 , employ linear detection systems, either generating a line-of-sight from an optical fire detector or a line-of-sight from various points on an exterior plane of a cone of vision. 
         [0039]    Each of these techniques may underreport the capability of the placements being tested. Thus, the determination may be inaccurate or overestimate the lack of coverage. 
         [0040]    Disclosed herein are devices, systems, and methods for determining coverage of an optical fire detection system based on a plume model. Employing the aspects disclosed herein, an environment implementing optical fire detectors may realize or achieve a more efficient distribution of the said optical fire detectors. 
         [0041]      FIG. 4  illustrates a high-level system diagram implementing the aspects disclosed herein. As shown in  FIG. 4 , a data store  400  outputs data  410 , which is received by system  450 , with output  460  indicating a report based on the determination disclosed herein. Output  460  may be either graphical, textual, or a combination thereof. Input data  410  includes at least two items, data  411  associated with an environmental model and predetermined settings  412  that may be either input by an operator or implementer of system  450 . Also shown in placement data  413 . 
         [0042]    The system  450  may be implemented with a processor, or any of the electronic components described herein or known to one of ordinary skill in the art capable of being programmed with instructions to receive data from a sensor and output data indicating efficacy. 
         [0043]    The placement data  413  indicates where optical fire detectors are placed, and additionally may contain information about the ability to capture images associated with each optical fire detector. 
         [0044]      FIG. 5  illustrates one example of producing data  411  according to the aspects disclosed herein. An image  510  (or images) capturing a room  500  is propagated through a processor  520 , with the output being a three-dimensional model  411  of the room. Thus, the room  500 , various objects in the room  500  may be digitized so a system  450  may enter the various features and objects as coordinates relative to where they are in the room  500 . 
         [0045]    Additionally, the placement data  413  may be added to indicate where optical fire detectors are situated relative in the room  500 . This placement data  413  may employ the same sort of data storage used to digitize and create the three-dimensional model  411 . In modeling the optical fire detector(s), various other parameters may be employed in data  413  (or in the predetermined data described in  FIG. 7 ). These items may include size, shape of the cone-of-vision, sensitivity, and orientation angles. 
         [0046]    In the example shown above, the data  411  is created automatically through a conversion of a captured image/video into digitized data. Alternatively, an implementer may pre-program or manually create the three-dimensional model  411  employing computer-aided drafting (CAD) techniques known in the art. 
         [0047]    As stated above, the system  450  may be a microprocessor configured to execute instructions pre-installed, with data being input from the data shown in  FIG. 4 , to produce the output  460 . Examples of the output  460  will be described in greater detail below. 
         [0048]      FIG. 6  illustrates a flowchart/method  600  of an example of implementing the aspects disclosed herein. In the flowchart  600 , it is presumed the data  411  is provided in any of the ways mentioned above. 
         [0049]    In operation  610 , the data  411  is received by system  450 . The reception of data may occur in any manner that digital data is propagated from a source to a microprocessor, such as through electrical coupling via wired or wireless coupling. 
         [0050]    In operation  620 , the predetermined settings  412  are also retrieved. These predetermined settings  412  will be described in greater detail below with the examples shown with the plume-model described herein.  FIG. 7  illustrates the plume-model concept, and various of the parameters associated with the plume-model will be described with regards to  FIG. 7 , and explained in greater detail below. 
         [0051]      FIG. 7  shows a similar environment to those shown in  FIGS. 1-3 . However, a key difference is this introduction of a plume. As shown in monitored area  130 , the area is demarcated into plumes of various sizes, such as plume  810 ,  820 , and  830 . The size of each plume (i.e. the length and width) may be one of the predetermined settings  412  input into system  450 . The analysis shown in  FIG. 7  implies that the analysis is done over a two-dimensional shape. However, it should be appreciated that the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented with shapes and sizes of different dimensions, such as, but not limited to a three-dimensional cuboid, a cylinder, a cone shape. As such, the plumes may be demarcated to each be a three-dimensional object in space, with the iterative determinations being performed on 
         [0052]      FIG. 8  illustrates one of the plumes shown in  FIG. 7  to highlight and explain the model described herein. Each plume (either plumes  810 ,  820 , and  830 ) are divided into equal sub-portions (“facets”)  811 . As shown in  FIG. 8 , a sample size of 10 inches-by-10 inches is used, with each facet being 1 inch-by-1 inch. This size is merely exemplary, and may be modified based on data submitted with data  413 . In the example shown, the facets are of equal size within the plume. In other examples, a variety of sizes of the facets may be pre-entered an configured into the system. 
         [0053]      FIG. 7  will also illustrate the concept of the various predetermined settings  412  that may be employed by the system  450 . As noted, each plume  810 ,  820 , and  830  may be a specific size to ensure that the whole area covered by the cone  120  is covered. This size may be captured by a plume size setting  710 . The size of each facet  720  may also be configured or individually determined as part of the predetermined settings according to an implementer of system  450 . 
         [0054]    An additional predetermined setting  412  is the amount of radiation  730  that each facet is associated with. In the example shown, the amount of radiation  730  is set at 50 kilowatt. This amount may be set based on an implementer&#39;s preference. 
         [0055]    The final predetermined setting is the threshold  740 , which is used to determine if a plume  810 ,  820 , or  830  is covered by the optical fire detector(s). The threshold  740  will be employed in the method  600  described herein. 
         [0056]    Referring back to method  600 , in operation  630 , placement data  413  is entered into the system  450  via electronic coupling (either through manual inputs or an automatic detection technique). For example, according to the modeling performed in  FIG. 5 , image/video data of a room or context may detect an optical fire detector  110  situated in a room, and integrate into the electronic data model employed to create data  411 . 
         [0057]    The placement data  413 , as described above, indicates relative to the data  411  where the optical fire detectors are intended to be placed in a room or environment. In the example described herein, the method  600  is employed making a determination for one optical fire detector. However, as will described in greater detail below, various modifications may be employed detecting multiple placements, or alternatively, determining an optimal placement of the optical fire detector(s). 
         [0058]    In operation  640 , employing data association with the placement data  413  a cone  120  is simulated. A cone  120  creates a three dimensional viewing area of a cone shape, with the monitored area  130  also being created on plane  125  (which is the base of the cone  120 —see  FIGS. 1-3  for an example). The monitored area  130  serves as a two-dimensional plane replicating the visible area of an image/video capturing device associated with the optical fire detector  110  being associated with the method  600 . 
         [0059]    In operation  650 , the monitored area  130  is demarcated with each plume according to setting  720 . Once the plumes are established, the method  600  proceeds to operation  660 . 
         [0060]    In operations  660  and  665 , a determination for a plume is made as to whether each facet in the plume is visible to the optical fire detector  110 . As shown in  FIG. 7 , some of the facets may not be visible to due to various objects (object  210  and  220 ), and thus, if a fire occurs in those facets, the optical fire detector  110  may not be able to directly see those specific locations. Thus, in operation  660 , a single facet is tested to determine visibility with the optical fire detector  110 . This determination may be stored in a memory associated with system  450  for further employment by system  450  (or internally saved and stored with memory incorporated in system  450 ). 
         [0061]    In operation  665 , the method  600  determines if there are more facets of the plume being tested to perform the operation in  660 . If not, the method  600  proceeds to operation  670 . If yes, the method  600  iteratively performs operations  660  and  665  until all facets of the plume have been tested. 
         [0062]    In operations  670  to  675 , each plume is individually determined as to whether it contains enough visible facets that satisfy the threshold associated with predetermined setting  740 . This determination may occur by summing each of the facets visible to determine if the summed radiation is over the predetermined threshold. In the examples shown herein, the radiation is summed. However, other factors may be used, such as radiative heat flux, distance from the fire detector, or other metrics employed to determine if a fire is present. Thus, if the plume being determined in  670  is compliant, this information is stored. Alternatively, if is not compliant, this information is also stored. This process occurs iteratively for each plume, until each plume undergoes the operation in  660 . 
         [0063]    In operation  680 , the results of the determination in operation  670  are output. As shown in  FIGS. 10( a )-( c ) , the result of the determination may occur in a variety of manners, such as a single notification as to whether all plumes are compliant or not, a graphical representation (an example will be shown below), and/or a text indication of which plumes fail and by how much under the threshold. The output may be presented as a graphical user interface (GUI), with a user being able to select and expand each plume to indicate which facets are visible and which are not. 
         [0064]      FIG. 9  illustrates a method  900  employing a second embodiment of the aspects disclosed herein. The method  900  may be incorporated into system  450  in a similar manner as described above or in conjunction with any technique employed to instruct a system to perform a series of electronic stimuli to enact a task. 
         [0065]    In operation  910 , data  413  is provided as above, however, instead of one optical fire detector being situated in an environment, multiple optical fire detectors are situated in said environment. In this way, an implementer of system  450  employing method  900  may determine an optimal placement based on multiple optical fire detectors. 
         [0066]    In operation  920 , the operations associated with method  600  are iteratively performed for each of the optical fire detectors provided in operation  610 . As such, an output indicating the efficacy of each of the optical fire detectors relative to plumes demarcating their zone of coverage are obtained. 
         [0067]    In operation  930 , the data collected in operation  930  is combined so that every point or coordinate associated with a simulated environment (such as data  411 ) is measure to see if zero coverage is provided, at least one optical fire detector provides coverage, or if multiple optical fire detectors provide coverage. 
         [0068]    In operation  940 , the combined data is output.  FIGS. 10( a )-( c )  provide an example of the outputted data. As such, a key is provided in each of  FIGS. 10( a )-( c ) .  FIGS. 10( a ) and ( b )  indicate a sample output for a room or context employing the plume model with different plume sizes. This illustrates that based on an implementers desire for granularity and/or ability to model a fire, that the output data may change accordingly. 
         [0069]    In contrast,  FIG. 10( c )  is a sample output of the same exact environment employing the point model. As shown, the output indicates that the environment requires additional optical fire detectors (based on the lesser coverage). Thus, an implementer of the environment shown in  FIGS. 10( a )-( c )  will likely require a costlier and more redundant optical fire detector placement strategy. 
         [0070]    Certain of the devices shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5  include a computing system. The computing system includes a processor (CPU) and a system bus that couples various system components including a system memory such as read only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM), to the processor. Other system memory may be available for use as well. The computing system may include more than one processor or a group or cluster of computing system networked together to provide greater processing capability. The system bus may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. A basic input/output (BIOS) stored in the ROM or the like, may provide basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the computing system, such as during start-up. The computing system further includes data stores, which maintain a database according to known database management systems. The data stores may be embodied in many forms, such as a hard disk drive, a magnetic disk drive, an optical disk drive, tape drive, or another type of computer readable media which can store data that are accessible by the processor, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital versatile disks, cartridges, random access memories (RAMs) and, read only memory (ROM). The data stores may be connected to the system bus by a drive interface. The data stores provide nonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computing system. 
         [0071]    To enable human (and in some instances, machine) user interaction, the computing system may include an input device, such as a microphone for speech and audio, a touch sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, keyboard, mouse, motion input, and so forth. An output device can include one or more of a number of output mechanisms. In some instances, multimodal systems enable a user to provide multiple types of input to communicate with the computing system. A communications interface generally enables the computing device system to communicate with one or more other computing devices using various communication and network protocols. 
         [0072]    The preceding disclosure refers to a number of flow charts and accompanying descriptions to illustrate the embodiments represented in  FIGS. 6 and 9 . The disclosed devices, components, and systems contemplate using or implementing any suitable technique for performing the steps illustrated in these figures. Thus,  FIGS. 6 and 9  are for illustration purposes only and the described or similar steps may be performed at any appropriate time, including concurrently, individually, or in combination. In addition, many of the steps in these flow charts may take place simultaneously and/or in different orders than as shown and described. Moreover, the disclosed systems may use processes and methods with additional, fewer, and/or different steps. 
         [0073]    Embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the herein disclosed structures and their equivalents. Some embodiments can be implemented as one or more computer programs, i.e., one or more modules of computer program instructions, encoded on a tangible computer storage medium for execution by one or more processors. A computer storage medium can be, or can be included in, a computer-readable storage device, a computer-readable storage substrate, or a random or serial access memory. The computer storage medium can also be, or can be included in, one or more separate tangible components or media such as multiple CDs, disks, or other storage devices. The computer storage medium does not include a transitory signal. 
         [0074]    As used herein, the term processor encompasses all kinds of apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, a system on a chip, or multiple ones, or combinations, of the foregoing. The processor can include special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). The processor also can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question, e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, a cross-platform runtime environment, a virtual machine, or a combination of one or more of them. 
         [0075]    A computer program (also known as a program, module, engine, software, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, declarative or procedural languages, and the program can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, object, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program may, but need not, correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub-programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network. 
         [0076]    To provide for interaction with an individual, the herein disclosed embodiments can be implemented using an interactive display, such as a graphical user interface (GUI). Such GUI&#39;s may include interactive features such as pop-up or pull-down menus or lists, selection tabs, scan-able features, and other features that can receive human inputs. 
         [0077]    The computing system disclosed herein can include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communications network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. In some embodiments, a server transmits data (e.g., an HTML page) to a client device (e.g., for purposes of displaying data to and receiving user input from a user interacting with the client device). Data generated at the client device (e.g., a result of the user interaction) can be received from the client device at the server. 
         [0078]    As a person skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the above description is meant as an illustration of implementation of the principles this invention. This description is not intended to limit the scope or application of this invention in that the invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change, without departing from spirit of this invention, as defined in the following claims.