Abstract:
Field devices or other devices within a process control system are provided with both hardwired and wireless communication ports to enable communications to be performed within the process control system using one or both of hardwired and wireless communications. In particular, a field device for use in a process control system within a process control environment includes a microprocessor-based communication unit adapted to generate or receive communication signals, a first communication port adapted to be connected to a hardwired communication link for providing communications to or from the communication unit via the hardwired communication link and a second communication port adapted to be connected to a wireless transceiver to provide wireless communications to or from the communication unit via the wireless transceiver.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation of pending U.S. application Ser. No. 10/961,172, filed Oct. 8, 2004 and entitled “Process Control System Devices with Dual Hardwired and Wireless Communication Ports”, and which will issue as U.S. Pat. No. 7,623,479 on Nov. 24, 2009 (which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein); 
     which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/805,124, filed Mar. 8, 2001 and entitled “Apparatus for Providing Redundant Wireless Access to Field Devices in a Distributed Control System”, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,519,012 on Apr. 14, 2009; 
     which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/864,750, filed May 28, 1997, entitled “Distributed Control System for Controlling Material Flow Having Wireless Transceiver Connected to Industrial Process Control Field Device to Provide Redundant Wireless Access”, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,236,334 on May 22, 2001; 
     which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/782,513, filed Jan. 9, 1997, entitled “Distributed Control System Having Central Control Providing Operating Power to Wireless Transceiver Connected to Industrial Process Control Field Device Which Providing Redundant Wireless Access”, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,682,476 on Oct. 28, 1997; 
     which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/483,119, filed Jun. 7, 1995, and entitled “An Apparatus for Providing Redundant Wireless Access to Field Devices in a Distributed Control System”, now abandoned; 
     which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/328,324, filed Oct. 24, 1994 and entitled “An Apparatus for Providing Non-Redundant Secondary Access to Field Devices in a Distributed Control System”, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     This invention relates to accessing field devices in a distributed control system. Specifically, this invention relates to providing redundant wireless access to such field devices remotely using wireless transceivers. 
     In a typical industrial plant, a distributed control system (DCS) is used to control many of the industrial processes performed at the plant. Typically, the plant has a centralized control room having a computer system with user I/O, disc I/O, and other peripherals as are known in the computing art. Coupled to the computing system is a controller and a process I/O subsystem. 
     The process I/O subsystem includes a plurality of I/O ports which are connected to various field devices throughout the plant. Field devices known in the control art include various types of analytical equipment, silicon pressure sensors, capacitive pressure sensors, resistive temperature detectors, thermocouples, strain gauges, limit switches, on/off switches, flow transmitters, pressure transmitters, capacitance level switches, weigh scales, transducers, valve positioners, valve controllers, actuators, solenoids, and indicator lights. As used herein, the term “field device” encompasses these devices, as well as any other device that performs a function in a distributed control system and is known in the control art. 
     Traditionally, analog field devices have been connected to the control room by two-wire twisted pair current loops, with each device connected to the control room by a single two-wire twisted pair. Analog field devices are capable of responding to or transmitting an electrical signal within a specified range. In a typical configuration, it is common to have a voltage differential of approximately 20-25 volts between the two wires of the pair and a current of 4-20 milliamps running through the loop. An analog field device that transmits a signal to the control room modulates the current running through the current loop, with the current proportional to the sensed process variable. On the other hand, an analog field device that performs an action under control of the control room is controlled by the magnitude of the current through the loop, which is modulated by the I/O port of the process I/O system, which in turn is controlled by the controller. Traditional two-wire analog devices having active electronics can also receive up to 40 milliwatts of power from the loop. Analog field devices requiring more power are typically connected to the control room using four wires, with two of the wires delivering power to the device. Such devices are known in the art as four-wire devices and are not power limited, as are two-wire devices. 
     In contrast, traditional discrete field devices transmit or respond to a binary signal. Typically, discrete field devices operate with a 24 volt signal (either AC or DC), a 110 or 240 volt AC signal, or a 5 volt DC signal. Of course, a discrete device may be designed to operate in accordance with any electrical specification required by a particular control environment. A discrete input field device is simply a switch which either makes or breaks the connection to the control room, while a discrete output field device will take an action based on the presence or absence of a signal from the control room. 
     Historically, most traditional field devices have had either a single input or a single output that was directly related to the primary function performed by the field device. For example, the only function implemented by a traditional analog resistive temperature sensor is to transmit a temperature by modulating the current flowing through the two-wire twisted pair, while the only function implemented by a traditional analog valve positioner is to position a valve between an open and closed position, inclusive, based on the magnitude of the current flowing through the two-wire twisted pair. 
     More recently, hybrid systems that superimpose digital data on the current loop have been used in distributed control systems. One hybrid system is known in the control art as the Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) and is similar to the Bell 202 modem specification. The HART system uses the magnitude of the current in the current loop to sense a process variable (as in the traditional system), but also superimposes a digital carrier signal upon the current loop signal. The carrier signal is relatively slow, and can provide updates of a secondary process variable at a rate of approximately 2-3 updates per second. Generally, the digital carrier signal is used to send secondary and diagnostic information and is not used to realize the primary control function of the field device. Examples of information provided over the carrier signal include secondary process variables, diagnostic information (including sensor diagnostics, device diagnostics, wiring diagnostics, and process diagnostics), operating temperatures, temperature of the sensor, calibration information, device ID numbers, materials of construction, configuration or programming information, etc. Accordingly, a single hybrid field device may have a variety of input and output variables and may implement a variety of functions. 
     HART is an industry standard nonproprietary system. However, it is relatively slow. Other companies in the industry have developed proprietary digital transmission schemes which are faster, but these schemes are generally not used by or available to competitors. 
     More recently, a newer control protocol has been defined by the Instrument Society of America (ISA). The new protocol is generally referred to as Fieldbus, and is specifically referred to as SP50, which is as acronym for Standards and Practice Subcommittee 50. The Fieldbus protocol defines two subprotocols. An HI Fieldbus network transmits data at a rate up to 31.25 kilobits per second and provides power to field devices coupled to the network. An H2 Fieldbus network transmits data at a rate up to 2.5 megabits per second, does not provide power to field devices connected to the network, and is provided with redundant transmission media. Fieldbus is a nonproprietary open standard and is attracting attention in the industry. 
     As additional protocols and architecture gain popularity in the industry, the industry will face greater and greater challenges melding these technologies together into a single distributed control system. For example, newer devices will be coupled to an existing distributed control system. In these situations, the signals coming from the control room may expect traditional analog or hybrid technologies, but the field devices may be coupled to an H1 or H2 Fieldbus network. Conversely, the control room of the industrial plant may be renovated, with the inputs and outputs to the control room comprising a modern H1 or H2 field bus, and the individual signals running to some older analog and hybrid field devices, and newer Fieldbus based field devices. 
     In addition to the challenge of integrating various technologies into a single distributed control system, newer field devices will have maintenance modes and enhanced functions that are not accessible via an older control system. In addition, even when all components of a distributed control system adhere to the same standard (such as the Fieldbus standard), one manufacturer&#39;s control room equipment may not be able to access the secondary functions or secondary information provided by another manufacturer&#39;s field devices. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     The present invention provides an apparatus for providing wireless access to field devices in a distributed control system having a control room that, for example, provides hard-wired access to the field devices, thereby allowing access to the field devices in the event of a failure the hard-wired media. 
     In a first embodiment, each field device is provided with a wireless port and a hardwired port and can be accessed from a control room by a wireless handheld unit or a wireless terminal. In one configuration of this embodiment, the wireless port is powered by the control network to which the field device is connected. 
     In a second embodiment, a field module having a wireless port is connected to an existing control network. The field module provides access from a wireless handheld unit or a wireless terminal in the control room to all field devices connected to the control network. In one configuration of this embodiment, the field module is powered by the control network to which it is connected. 
     In a third embodiment, the distributed control system is provided with a bridge that connects a distribution network in the distributed control system to one or more control networks, wherein the control networks are coupled to field devices. The bridge also includes a wireless port that provides access from a wireless handheld unit or a wireless terminal in a control room to all field devices connected to the control networks. 
     In still another embodiment, devices, such as field devices or input/output devices within a process control system are provided with both hardwired and wireless communication ports to enable communications to be performed within a process control system using one or both of hardwired and wireless communications. In one case, a field device for use in a process control system within a process control environment includes a microprocessor-based communication unit adapted to generate or receive communication signals, a first communication port adapted to be connected to a hardwired communication link for providing communications to or from the communication unit via the hardwired communication link and a second communication port adapted to be connected to a wireless transceiver to provide wireless communications to or from the communication unit via the wireless transceiver. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of a prior art distributed control system. 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram of industrial plant having two distributed control systems and shows three embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a prior art distributed control system (DCS)  10 . DCS  10  is comprised of control room  12 , controller  14 , discrete/analog I/O unit  16 , H2-to-H1 bridge  18 , and a variety of field devices represented by solenoid  24 , switches  26  and  54 , valve positioners  28 ,  46 , and  52 , transmitters  30 ,  34 , and  44 , process analyzers  36  and  50 . These devices represent any type of field device known in the control art. Also shown in  FIG. 1  are handheld units  38  and  39 , which are capable of accessing information in a hybrid or Fieldbus-based field device via a physical wire connection, and a local operator/user station  40 , which is capable of communicating with field device  30  over a physical wire connection. 
     Control room  12  includes computers, user I/O, various forms of data storage devices, and other computing devices known in the art. Control room  12  is coupled to controller  14  via bus  20 , which is typically a proprietary digital communications network or an open digital communication network employing a proprietary protocol. Controller  14  receives various commands from control room  12  and provides data to control room  12 . 
     As depicted in  FIG. 1 , DCS  10  is a hybrid system comprising two different types of field devices. Devices  24 - 36  are traditional analog, discrete, and hybrid analog/digital devices, wherein the primary control function of the device is realized by modulating a current. These field devices are coupled to discrete/analog I/O unit  16 , with each device connected to an individual channel of unit  16  by a single pair of wires (and possibly two additional power wires in the case of a traditional four-wire field device). For example, solenoid  24  is coupled via two-wire twisted pair  42  to channel  43  of unit  16 . 
     For a traditional analog or discrete field device, the only communication with the device occurs by modulating or switching the current running through the two-wire twisted pair, with the magnitude of the current representing a measured process variable (as in the case of the transmitter), or an action requested by controller  14  (as in the case of a valve positioner or solenoid). Traditional analog devices have a frequency response limited to approximately 10 Hz and receive power from the two-wire twisted pair. 
     Hybrid analog/digital devices operate in a manner similar to traditional analog devices, but also allow digital communication of secondary information by superimposing a digital carrier signal on the modulated current carried by the two-wire twisted pair. One such hybrid analog digital system is known in the control art as Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) and transmits data in a manner similar to a conventional computer modem adhering to the Bell 202 specification. Generally, the primary function of these devices is still realized by modulating the current through the loop, while other types of secondary information, such as diagnostic data, operating temperature, identification codes, error codes, and secondary variables, are transmitted digitally. In such a system, digital communication is relatively slow and is limited to approximately 300 baud. When a maintenance person desires to test an analog device, the maintenance person must make a physical connection to the device itself, such as local operator/user station  40  connected to transmitter  30 , or to the two-wire twisted pair leading to the device, such as handheld unit  38  connected to the two-wire twisted pair leading to valve positioner  28 . 
     In contrast, devices  44 - 54  are modem network-based digital field devices, wherein all information is digitally transmitted to and from each device. While many control system manufacturers have developed proprietary digital systems, the Standards and Practices Subcommittee 50 of the Instrument Society of America has developed and specified an architecture known in the art as Fieldbus. The Fieldbus specification includes two types of networks, a lower speed network referred to as H1 and a higher speed network referred to as H2. Both networks can support multiple connections to a single network bus, in contrast to traditional analog connections, which only support one device per two-wire twisted pair. While the present invention is described herein with reference to a Fieldbus network-based control system, in other embodiments the present invention may be employed in any distributed control system having network-based field devices. 
     A Fieldbus H2 network can transmit data at a rate up to 2.5 megabits per second. In addition, an H2 network includes two parallel sets of physical wire media: a primary wire media and a secondary, or redundant, wire media. Should the primary wire media fail, the secondary wire media is automatically used by the DCS. Because of the high capacity and redundancy of H2 Fieldbus networks, H2 Fieldbus networks are beginning to be used as a distribution network that connect the controller to various distribution units in the DCS. However, traditional distribution networks are proprietary networks using either parallel or serial communication. 
     In  FIG. 1 , H2 distribution network  22  couples controller  14  to H2-to-H1 bridge  18 , and proprietary bus  21  couples controller  14  to discrete/analog I/O unit  16 . In other configurations known in the art, unit  16  and bridge  18  may be coupled to a common distribution network. As previously discussed, discrete/analog I/O unit  16  includes discrete channels, with each channel coupled to a single device. 
     H2-to-H1 bridge links the data carried by proprietary distribution network  22  to H1 Fieldbus control networks  45  and  47 . H1 Fieldbus control network  45  is coupled to transmitters  44 , valve positioner  46 , and relay  48 , and H1 Fieldbus  47  is coupled to process analyzer  50 , valve positioner  52 , and solenoid  54 . While an H1 Fieldbus network lacks redundant wiring, and has a lower data transmission rate of approximately 31.25 kilobits per second, it is capable of providing power to the devices to which it is coupled, while an H2 Fieldbus network does not. For the above reasons, the H1 Fieldbus network is ideal for providing final connections to individual field devices, while the H2 Fieldbus network is ideal for distributing control signals throughout the physical plant controlled by the DCS. 
     More recently, field devices have been provided with microprocessors and additional functionality. Such “smart” field devices are capable of monitoring a plurality of process variables, performing a variety of control functions, performing comprehensive diagnostics, and providing a wide array of various types of status information. The Fieldbus specification specifies a variety of primary functions that may be supported by various Fieldbus field devices. In addition, many manufacturers have provided secondary functions beyond those specified in the Fieldbus specification. While Fieldbus field devices manufactured by different manufacturers are compatible to the extent that only Fieldbus specified functions are accessed, they are not compatible with respect to the secondary functions. For example, a Fieldbus controller manufactured by company A will generally not be able to access the secondary functions provided by a Fieldbus valve positioner manufactured by company B. Therefore, an industrial plant using a variety of Fieldbus components provided by different manufacturers will not be able to use of all the functions provided by the various components. 
     The problem is worse in older distributed control systems that were designed to use traditional analog/discrete and hybrid devices. Often a company will wish to preserve an investment in an existing installation, and will retrofit the installation with newer Fieldbus field devices. In such an installation, the control room will not even be able to access the standardized Fieldbus functions provided by the various devices. Accordingly, a need exists to access the secondary functions provided by various manufacturers, as well as standardized Fieldbus functions when a Fieldbus based device is connected to an older distributed control system. 
     The present invention is an apparatus and method for providing redundant wireless access to field devices in a distributed control system, thereby allowing access to field devices in the event of a failure of the hard-wired media that connects the field devices to a control room. The redundant wireless access can be used several ways. First, it can be used to allow continued operation of a distributed control system during failure or maintenance of the hard-wired media. However, even if continued operation is not desired, redundant wireless access may still be valuable for monitoring process variables and performing control actions, such as those required to shut down a process. For example, consider a distributed control system subjected to an explosion. The explosion, may render the hardwired media connecting field devices to the control room inoperable. Using the redundant wireless access provided by the present invention, a control room operator will still be able to access field device to perform an orderly shut-down of the distributed control system. The operator may observe critical temperatures and pressures, and adjust or close valves and other devices to complete the shut down. By having redundant wireless access to the field devices, the operator may be able to effect a shutdown in such a way as to minimize losses. 
       FIG. 2  is a diagram of an industrial plant having two distributed control systems. DCS  56  is comprised of control room  60  (which includes terminal  104  coupled to wireless link module  106 , which in turn is connected to wireless transceiver  108 ), controller  62 , bus  64 , field device  66 , valve positioner  68 , transmitter  70 , process analyzer  72 , H1 Fieldbus control network  74 , transmitter  76 , valve positioner  78 , solenoid  80 , field module  82 , and H1 Fieldbus control network  84 . DCS  58  is comprised of control room  86  (which includes terminal  103  coupled to wireless link module  107 , which in turn is connected to wireless transceiver  109 ), controller  88 , bus  90 , H2 Fieldbus distribution network  94 , H2-to-H1 bridge  92 , transmitters  96  and  100 , valve positioner  98 , and H1 Fieldbus control network  102 . Buses  64  and  90  are normally proprietary digital communication networks, or open communication networks employing a proprietary protocol. 
     Two embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in DCS  56 . The first embodiment is illustrated by those field devices coupled to H1 Fieldbus control network  74 . Each field device on control network  74  includes a wireless transceiver. Field device  66  represents any generic field device coupled to control network  74  and includes wireless transceiver  114 . Valve positioner  68  includes wireless transceiver  116 , transmitter  70  includes wireless transceiver  118 , and process analyzer  72  includes wireless transceiver  120 . Each wireless transceiver implements a redundant wireless Fieldbus connection with terminal  104 , thereby allowing redundant wireless access to each field device from control room  60 . 
     Another novel feature of the present invention is that the wireless Fieldbus port attached to each field device is powered by the hardwired H1 Fieldbus port attached to each device. Since the wireless Fieldbus link of the field devices is powered by the existing H1 Fieldbus control network, no additional wiring is required. 
     The wireless links disclosed herein represent any wireless communication method known in the art, including, but not limited to, radio, infrared, visible light, and ultrasonic forms of wireless communication. 
     A second embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by the devices connected to H1 Fieldbus control network  84 . Transmitter  76 , valve positioner  78 , and solenoid  80  are each coupled to control network  84 . Also coupled to control network  84  is field module  82 , which includes a wireless transceiver  122  powered by H1 Fieldbus control network  84 . Field module  82 , in essence, forms a wireless bridge between control network  84  and terminal  104  in control room  56 , and allows terminal  104  to access each device coupled to H1 Fieldbus control network  84 . Accordingly, field module  82  is ideally suited for providing redundant wireless access in an existing environment having a variety of H1 Fieldbus devices from different manufacturers. 
     A third embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by DCS  58 . In DCS  58 , controller  88  is coupled to H2-to-H1 bridge by H2 Fieldbus distribution network  94 . H2-to-H1 bridge links H2 Fieldbus distribution network  94  to H1 Fieldbus control network  102 . H2-to-H1 bridge also includes a second Fieldbus port connected to wireless transceiver  124 , and communicates with a remote device such as terminal  103 . Accordingly, terminal  103  in control room  86  can access all field devices serviced by the H2-to-H1 bridge, such as transmitters  96  and  100  and valve positioner  98 . In other configurations, it is common for an H2-to-H1 bridge to service a plurality of H1 Fieldbus control networks, in which case all field devices connected to all control networks serviced by the H2-to-H1 bridge can be accessed remotely. 
     The present invention provides wireless redundant access to field devices in a distributed control system having a control room that provides hardwired access to the field devices. In a modem distributed control system having Fieldbus devices coupled to a Fieldbus control room, the present invention provides a redundant wireless access to a terminal having a wireless link. The apparatus of the present invention allows access to field devices in the event of failure or other unavailability of the hard-wired media that couples the control room to field devices. 
     In one embodiment, each Fieldbus-based device is provided with its own secondary wireless H1 or H2 Fieldbus port that is powered by the H1 Fieldbus control network. This embodiment provides maximum flexibility because no modification of the distributed control system is required, and is ideally suited for new devices that are to be added to an existing Fieldbus installation. As soon as the H1 Fieldbus device is connected to the existing H1 Fieldbus control network, the device can be accessed via the wireless terminal. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, a field module is connected to an existing Fieldbus control network. The field module has a wireless H1 or H2 Fieldbus port that is powered by the H1 Fieldbus control network, and provides access from the wireless terminal to all Fieldbus devices connected to the control network. This embodiment is ideally suited for distributed control systems that already have Fieldbus devices. 
     In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the distributed control system is provided with an H2-to-H1 bridge having one or more H1 control networks coupled to Fieldbus devices, a hard-wired H2 port coupled to a controller, and a wireless H2 or H1 Fieldbus port. The wireless Fieldbus port allows a wireless terminal to access all Fieldbus devices on all H1 control networks serviced by the H2-to-H1 bridge. 
     Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form in and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.