Abstract:
The present invention overcomes drawbacks with on-site, manual configuration of IP addresses for network nodes (like newly-installed base stations) with a method to automatically assign an identifier like a packet data address to a new node. In general., the automatic assignment of such an identifier to a network entity, node, or host includes two steps. First, an initial message is transmitted by the entity which specifies or indicates in some way geographical location information for the entity. Second, using the geographical location information in that message, an identifier is assigned and provided to that entity. In other words, a relationship is established between the geographical location of an entity identifier and its associated identifier. The geographical location information uniquely identifies the entity in the automatic identifier assignment process.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to packet communications, and more particularly, to identifying a node in a network using its geographical location. One example, non-limiting application of the present invention is providing IP addresses to nodes in a cellular communications system using their respective geographical locations. 
     BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In any data communications network, new nodes may need to be installed  10  and configured as the network expands. Nodes may also need to be reconfigured if the network is upgraded. Furthermore, when an existing node is brought off-line, e.g., for an upgrade, and then re-installed, that node may also need to be reconfigured. One part of that configuration process to which the present invention relates is configuring a node for packet data communication with other nodes. Specifically, each node needs a packet data address to conduct packet communications. For purposes of the following description, a “new” node or a node requiring configuration is a node that requires assignment of a packet data address. 
     It is desirable to minimize the effort, time, and expense associated with assigning packet data addresses or other data identifiers, e.g., domain names, to the new node. One example where installation and configuration of a new node can be a time consuming job is when a new radio base station is added to a cellular communications system. Because base stations, by their very nature, are distributed in geographically remote areas, considerable time is required for a human operator to travel to the new base station and manually configure it with a new IP address, which makes this an inefficient process. It is also susceptible to human error, e.g., data entry errors. 
     The present invention overcomes these and other drawbacks with on-site, manual configuration of IP addresses for network nodes (like newly-installed base stations) with a method to automatically assign a node identifier like a packet data address to a new node. In general, the automatic assignment of a node identifier like a packet address to a network entity, node, or host includes two steps. First, an initial message is transmitted by the entity, which specifies or indicates in some way geographical location information for the entity. Second, using the geographical location information in that message, a corresponding node identifier (like a packet address) is identified and provided to that entity. In other words, a relationship is established between the geographical location of the entity and its associated host identifier. In the example where the entity identifier is a packet data address, the geographical location information uniquely identifies the entity and its packet data address. 
     Although the present invention may be applied to any new entity or node using any messaging protocol, one non-limiting example application is to new nodes in a cellular communications system. As applied to a new base station, the present invention automatically provides, for example, a packet data address to the new base station after it is installed in a radio network using the base station&#39;s geographical location. One example way of determining its geographical location is to use a Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) receiver at the base station to determine its geographical coordinates, e.g., its latitude and longitude. The base station sends its coordinates in an announcement message to a packet address server. One example of a packet address server is a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server coupled to the network. In this context, the announcement message can be a DHCPDISCOVER message that includes the base station&#39;s geographical coordinates. 
     An operation and/or planning node coupled to the cellular network may provide the packet address server with the relationship between a unique set of geographical coordinates and a base station for multiple base stations in the form of an electronic list. In addition to that relationship, the operations/planning node may also specify in the list a particular Internet Protocol (IP) address for each of multiple base stations along with their respective geographical coordinates. The DHCP server compares the geographical coordinates received in the DHCPDISCOVER message with the base station “list” information received from the operation and/or planning node and returns the predetermined IP address that is associated with the geographical coordinates in a responsive message, e.g., a DHCPOFFER message. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention may be more readily understood with reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a general communications system in which the present application is implemented; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates example procedures for automatically assigning a packet data address to a new host node coupled to the host network shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates example procedures in a specific application of the present invention to a cellular communications system where the new host node is a newly installed base station; 
         FIG. 4  is a function block diagram illustrating in more detail entities in the cellular communications system in  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates in flowchart form example procedures for automatically assigning a packet data address to a new base station in accordance with one example embodiment of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 6  illustrates in flowchart form example procedures for automatically assigning a packet data address to a new base station in accordance with a second example embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular embodiments, procedures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. For example, the present invention may be applied to any machine, host, or entity (including a software or hardware entity) that can be configured for data packet communications. 
     In some instances, detailed descriptions of well-known methods, interfaces, devices, and signaling techniques are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail. Moreover, individual function blocks are shown in some of the figures. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the functions may be implemented using individual hardware circuits, using software functioning in conjunction with a suitably programmed digital microprocessor or general purpose computer, using an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and/or using one or more digital signal processors DSPs). 
     Reference is now made to the communications system  10  shown in  FIG. 1 . A host network  12  is coupled to a plurality of already-configured hosts  14  and  16 . New host  18 , also coupled to the host network  12 , has not been configured with a packet data address, and therefore, packet communications with the new host are not yet possible. The hosts may be coupled to the host network either through a wireline or a wireless link. 
     Also coupled to the host network is a packet address server  22  and an operations or planning node  24 , both of which are involved in configuring new hosts. In order to automate the process of assigning a packet data address to a new host, (which is part of the new host configuration process), the operations/planning node  24  provides the packet address server  22  with a list of host identifiers along with corresponding geographical location information for each host. A host identifier is a general term used to describe any name, ID, or address that, once assigned to the new host, permits data communications with the new host. A non-limiting example of geographical location information is geographical coordinates like latitude and longitude. The packet address server  22  stores the host/geographical location information list. 
     When the new host  18  is coupled to the host network  12  and ready to 10 transmit and receive packet information, it transmits or broadcasts an initialization, discovery, announcement, or other similar message that includes the host&#39;s geographical location information  20 . Of course, other information may be included with this message if desired. The new host  18  either has already stored its geographical location information in memory, or more advantageously, it can determine its geographical location information As after it has been coupled to the host network. One method for determining its geographical coordinates includes using well-known Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) positioning techniques. 
     The initialization, discovery, announcement, or other similar message from the new host is received by the packet address server  22  via the host network  12 . The packet address server  22  checks the geographical location information received from the new host with the stored list and returns, in this example, a corresponding packet address to the new host  18 . With the corresponding packet address, packet communications may now be conducted with the new host  18 . 
       FIG. 2  shows in flowchart form example procedures for implementing an Automatic Host Configure routine (block  30 ) in accordance with the present invention. Initially, a relationship is established between a host identifier (in this example a packet data address) and its geographical location information (block  32 ). In one example implementation, as shown in  FIG. 1 , this relationship may be established by an operations or planning node  24 , and thereafter, provided to a packet access server  22 . However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that this relationship may be established by other entities. After being coupled to the host network, and in preparation for configuration, the host determines its geographical location information (block  34 ). As mentioned above, this location information may be already stored in the host or the host may determine its location information using, for example, GPS location determining equipment. 
     When the host is ready to obtain its host identifier, e.g., packet data address, it broadcasts or sends directly to a packet address server a message that includes its geographical location information (block  36 ). The server assigns a host identifier, e.g., a packet address, for the host using that geographical location information (block  38 ). The packet address server provides the corresponding host identifier to the host, thereby permitting packet communications with the host (block  40 ). 
     Thus, the present invention permits a new host to be automatically configured with a packet data address, name, or other identifier using the new host&#39;s geographical location to uniquely identify the new host to the packet address server. By performing this configuration operation automatically, the time and costs associated with manual configuration are greatly reduced. Moreover, human errors associated with data entry, incorrect operation of equipment, etc. are eliminated. 
     Although the present invention may be applied to any host or entity associated with a network that must be configured with a packet data address, name, or other identifier, one example application of such a host/entity is a new node added to a cellular communications network.  FIG. 3  illustrates an example where the present invention is employed to automatically configure a newly-installed base station with an IP address. Prior to installation, a map with geographical location information for each base station (current and future), including the newly-installed base station, is provided to a radio network and IP planning node shown as a laptop computer. The radio network and IP planning node may be operated at a centralized management facility. 
     Using the base station coordinates obtained from the map showing various base stations (current and future) positioned geographically in a cellular coverage area, each base station is correlated to and uniquely identified by its geographical coordinates. The radio network and IP planning node also associates the base station with a corresponding IP address. Once the radio network and IP planning is completed, the base station location (and perhaps other) information is forwarded to a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server which stores for each base station its corresponding geographical coordinates and IP address. DHCP is a known Internet protocol where a server allocates an IP address to a client. 
     The base station includes a GPS receiver which receives GPS signals used to is determine the base station&#39;s geographical coordinates. When attached to the cellular network, the base station broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message which includes its geographical coordinates. The DHCP server in the cellular network detects the broadcast and the geographical coordinates, compares the coordinates to the list from the radio network planning node, and returns a DHCPOFFER message with the corresponding IP address from the list, as well as other information if desired. The base station, upon receiving the DHCPOFFER message with the IP address, returns a DHCPREQUEST message which is acknowledged by the DHCP server in a DHCPACK message informing the base station that the IP address assignment has been completed. 
     Reference is now made to the cellular communications system  50  shown in  FIG. 4 . A radio network planning (RNP) node  52  is coupled to a DHCP server  58  in an operations and maintenance (OAM) network  54 . The DHCP server  58  is also coupled to a domain naming system (DNS) server  56  (optional). The radio network planning node  52  provides information to the DHCP server  58 . A radio access network  60  is coupled to the operations and maintenance network  54  and to other networks not shown. The radio access network  60  includes one or more radio network controllers (RNC)  62 . Each RNC  62  is coupled to a plurality of base stations which, in this example, includes two already-configured base stations  64  and  68  as well as a new base station  72  to be configured. 
     The radio network planning node  52  may store in a list for each base station coupled to (or to be coupled to) the radio access network  60  some kind of base station identifier, like an IP address or a domain name that can be resolved into an IP address, along with its geographical coordinates. This list is provided to the DHCP server  58  and stored there. Each base station  64 ,  68 , and  72  may include its own GPS receiver  66 ,  70 , and  74 , respectively. The GPS receiver may be used to determine the geographical location of the base station, e.g., its latitude and longitude. Although the base station may have pre-stored its location coordinates before installation, an advantage of the GPS receiver is that specific base stations need not be assigned ahead of time to specific locations. This adds flexibility and eliminates the administration required to ensure each base station is installed in its preassigned location. 
     As described above, when the new base station  72  attaches to the radio  20  access network  60 , it sends a DHCPDISCOVER message with its coordinates, e.g., as determined by the GPS receiver  74 , to the DHCP server  58 . The DHCP server  58  checks its stored list with the received coordinates and returns an IP address corresponding to the base station  72  in a DHCPOFFER message. With its IP address, the base station  72  is ready to communicate data packets with other entities in the cellular network. 
     Reference is made to the Base Station Configure 1 routine (block  80 ) which illustrates in flowchart form example procedures in accordance with a first example embodiment. The radio network planning (RNP) node  52  generates a list of base stations with corresponding geographical coordinates and IP addresses (block  82 ). The RNP node  52  communicates the list to the DHCP server  58  which stores the information (block  84 ). A new base station  72  attaching to the radio access network  60  determines its geographical coordinates via GPS receiver  74  and sends to the DHCP server  58  a DHCPDISCOVER message with its geographical coordinates (block  86 ). The DHCP server  58  correlates those geographical coordinates with the stored list, identifies the base station that corresponds to those coordinates, and assigns the IP address from the list that corresponds to those geographical coordinates to that base station. The server then sends out a DHCPOFFER message with the assigned IP address to the base station (block  88 ). 
     A variation for configuring the new base station  72  in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in a Base Station Configure 2 routine (block  100 ) outlined in flowchart form in  FIG. 6 . The radio network planning node  52  generates a list of base stations with corresponding coordinates and domain names for various base stations and sends that list to the DHCP server  58  (block  102 ). The new base station  72  sends its geographical coordinates to the DHCP server  58  when it attaches to the radio access network  60  in a DHCPDISCOVER message (block  104 ). The DHCP server  58  correlates the received geographical coordinates with those in the stored list and identifies the base station domain name. It sends that domain name to a DNS server  56  which resolves the domain name into an IP address for the base station. The DNS server  56  sends the IP address to the DHCP server  58  which forwards the IP address to the new base station  72 . 
     While the present invention has been described with respect to particular example embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to those specific embodiments described and illustrated herein. Different formats, embodiments, adaptations besides those shown and described, as well as many modifications, variations and equivalent arrangements may also be used to implement the invention. Again, the present invention may be applied to any node or entity coupled to a network configured to communicate data packets. Moreover, the invention links any type of host identifier to the geographical location of the host. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention be limited only by the scope of the claims appended hereto.