Abstract:
The subject invention relates in part to stacking certain Cry genes along with Cry 1Fa to result in products that are more durable and less prone towards insects developing resistance towards the activity of any of the toxins (such as Cry 1Fa) by itself. Embodiments of the Cry 1F stacking partners include Cry2Aa, Cry 1I, and Cry 1E. These stacks can be used to control FAW and/or ECB as described herein.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    Humans grow corn for food and energy applications. Insects eat and damage corn plants and thereby undermine these human efforts. Agricultural insect pests causing major destruction of corn are the fall armyworm (FAW,  Spodoptera frugiperda ) and European corn borer (ECB,  Ostrinia nubilalis ). 
         [0002]    Current in-plant transgenic control of these pests is achieved through plant expression of a crystal (Cry) delta endotoxin gene coding for the Cry1Fa protein from  Bacillus thuringiensis . Cry1Fa is the protein toxin currently in the Herculex™ brand of Dow AgroSciences transgenic corn seeds (Herculex, Herculex-Extra, and Herculex-RW) that are resistant to FAW and ECB insect pests. This protein works by binding to specific receptor(s) located in the midgut of insects, and forms pores within the gut cells. The formation of these pores prevents insects from regulating osmotic balance which results in their death. 
         [0003]    However, some are concerned that insects might be able to develop resistance to the action of Cry1Fa through genetic alterations of the receptors within their gut that bind Cry 1Fa. Insects that produce receptors with a reduced ability to bind Cry1Fa can be resistant to the activity of Cry1Fa, and thus survive on plants that express this protein. 
         [0004]    With a single Cry toxin continuously present in the plant during growth conditions, there is concern that insects could develop resistance to the activity of this protein through genetic alterations of the receptor that binds Cry1Fa toxin in the insect gut. Reductions in toxin binding due to these alterations in the receptor would lead to reduced toxicity of the Cry1Fa possibly leading to eventual decreased effectiveness of the protein when expressed in a crop. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0005]    The subject invention relates in part to stacking certain Cry genes along with Cry1Fa to result in products that are more durable and less prone towards insects developing resistance towards the activity of any of the toxins (such as Cry1Fa) by itself. Embodiments of the Cry1F stacking partners include Cry2Aa and/or Cry1I—for targeting fall armyworm (FAW;  Spodoptera frugiperda ), and Cry1E—for targeting European cornborer (ECB;  Ostrinia nubilalis ). 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0006]    The subject invention includes the use of at least one of the stacking partner toxins with Cry1Fa toxins as a pair. Some preferred pairs for targeting FAW (fall armyworm;  Spodoptera frugiperda ) are a Cry1Fa protein plus a Cry1Ea protein. Some preferred pairs for targeting ECB (European cornborer;  Ostrinia nubilalis ) comprise a Cry1Fa protein plus a Cry1I and/or a Cry2Aa protein. 
         [0007]    The subject invention also relates in part to triple stacks or “pyramids” of three (or more) toxins, with Cry1Fa and a stacking partner toxin being the base pair. One preferred pyramid provides two modes of action against two pests—the FAW and the ECB. This type of “2 MOA” pyramid includes: Cry1Fa plus Cry2Aa plus Cry lAb (a preferred embodiment for controlling ECB), and Cry1Fa plus Cry1Ea (a preferred embodiment for controlling FAW). By “separate modes of action” it is meant that the proteins do not cause cross-resistance with each other. 
         [0008]    In some preferred pyramid embodiments, the selected toxins provide three separate modes of action (active ingredients that do not result in cross-resistance) against ECB. Preferred pyramid combinations are Cry1Fa plus a second IRM toxin plus a third IRM toxin. Examples of such are as follows. 
         [0009]    ECB pyramids of the subject invention include a Cry1Fa toxin plus a Cry2Aa toxin as the second IRM toxin and a third IRM toxin selected from the group consisting of Cry1Be, Cry1Ab, DIG-3, and Cry1I toxins. 
         [0010]    ECB pyramids of the subject invention include a Cry1Fa toxin plus a Cry1I toxin as the second IRM toxin and a third IRM toxin selected from the group consisting of Cry1Ab, Cry1Be, DIG-3, and Cry2Aa toxins. 
         [0011]    These various toxins (and others) are listed in the attached Appendix A. Those GENBANK numbers can also be used to obtain the sequences for any of the genes and proteins disclosed or mentioned herein. 
         [0012]    Patents can also be used to obtain relevant sequences. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,960 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,514 describe Cry1Fa core toxin containing proteins suitable for use in carrying out the present invention. U.S. Pat. No. 6,218,188 describes plant-optimized DNA sequences encoding Cry1Fa core toxin-containing proteins that are suitable for use in the present invention. US 2010-00269223 relates to DIG-3 proteins. 
         [0013]    The subject invention also relates generally to the use of three insecticidal proteins (Cry proteins in some preferred embodiments) that do not compete with each other/do not result in cross-resistance yet are active against a single target pest. 
         [0014]    Plants (and acreage planted with such plants) that produce any of the subject pairs, or three (or more), toxins are included within the scope of the subject invention. Additional toxins/genes can also be added, but these particular triple stacks would, according to the subject invention, advantageously and surprisingly provide three modes of action (non-cross-resistant activity) against FAW and/or ECB. This can help to reduce or eliminate the requirement for refuge acreage (e.g., less than 40%, less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, or even 0% refuge). A field thus planted of over 10 acres is thus included within the subject invention. 
         [0015]    The subject polynucleotide(s) are preferably in a genetic construct under control of (operably linked to/comprising) a non- Bacillus - thuringiensis  promoter. The subject polynucleotides can comprise plant codon usage for enhanced expression in a plant. 
         [0016]    To counter act the ability of insects to develop resistance to Cry1Fa, we identified Cry toxins that non-competitively (with Cry1Fa) bind to FAW and/or ECB gut cell preparations. Cry1Fa does not to displace binding of Cry proteins identified herein in the insect gut of FAW and ECB larvae—Cry proteins such as Cry2Aa. The ability of these Cry toxins to be toxic to FAW and/or ECB larvae, yet not fully interact with the same sites as Cry1Fa, shows that their toxicity will not be affected by insects having developed genetic alterations of their Cry1Fa receptor as a mechanism to become resistant to the toxicity of Cry1Fa. 
         [0017]    Thus insects having developed resistance to Cry1Fa through a reduction in the ability of its gut receptors to bind Cry1Fa would still be susceptible to the toxicity of Cry2Aa proteins, for example, which bind alternative sites. We have obtained biochemical data that supports this. Having combinations of these proteins expressed in transgenic plants thus provides a useful and valuable mechanism to reduce the probability for the development of insect resistance in the field and thus lead towards a reduction in the requirement for refugia. Other Cry proteins have been studied for their activity against other major insect pests, both sensitive, and those resistant to Cry1Fa (rFAW and rECB). As shown in Table 1, Cry1I and Cry2Aa are active against both resistant and susceptible ECB larvae. Cry1Ea is active against both resistant and susceptible FAW. Binding data for these Cry toxins against these insect pests can be obtained. In any case, the data herein described below shows the toxins interacting at separate target site(s) within the insect gut compared to Cry1Fa and thus would make excellent stacking partners. 
         [0018]    Stacking Cry1Fa expressing crops with one or more additional Cry genes, such as those described herein result in an effective management strategy to prevent the ability of insects to develop tolerance to the activity of transgenic plants expressing these protein toxins. Since we show that these Cry proteins interact at different and/or overlapping sites compared to Cry1Fa, if resistance were to occur through alterations in the affinity of the insect gut receptors that bind to the Cry toxins, the alteration would have to occur in at least two different receptors simultaneously to allow the insects to survive on plants expressing the multiple proteins. The probability of this occurring is extremely remote, thus increasing the durability of the transgenic product to ward of insects being able to develop tolerance to the proteins. 
         [0019]    We radio-iodinated trypsin truncated forms of the Cry protein toxins and used radioreceptor binding assay techniques to measure their binding interaction with putative receptor proteins located within the insect gut membranes. The gut membranes were prepared as brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) by the method of Wolfersberger. Iodination of the toxins were conducted using either iodo beads or iodogen treated tubes from Pierce Chemicals. Specific activity of the radiolabeled toxin was approximately 1-4 μCi/μg protein. Binding studies were carried out essentially by the procedures of Liang. 
         [0020]    The data presented herein shows the toxins interacting at separate target site within the insect gut compared to Cry1Fa and thus would make excellent stacking partners. 
         [0021]    The subject invention can be used with a variety of plants. Examples include corn (maize), soybeans, and cotton. 
         [0022]    Genes and toxins useful according to the subject invention include not only the full length sequences disclosed but also fragments of these sequences, variants, mutants, and fusion proteins which retain the characteristic pesticidal activity of the toxins specifically exemplified herein. As used herein, the terms “variants” or “variations” of genes refer to nucleotide sequences which encode the same toxins or which encode equivalent toxins having pesticidal activity. As used herein, the term “equivalent toxins” refers to toxins having the same or essentially the same biological activity against the target pests as the claimed toxins. 
         [0023]    As used therein, the boundaries represent approximately 95% (e.g. Cry1Fa&#39;s), 78% (e.g. Cry1F&#39;s), and 45% (Cry1&#39;s) sequence identity, per “Revision of the Nomenclature for the  Bacillus thuringiensis  Pesticidal Crystal Proteins,” N. Crickmore, D. R. Zeigler, J. Feitelson, E. Schnepf, J. Van Rie, D. Lereclus, J. Baum, and D. H. Dean. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (1998) Vol 62: 807-813. These cut offs can also be applied to the core proteins only (for Cry1F and Cry1Fa core proteins, for example). See related Crickmore et al. website at lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/. 
         [0024]    Fragments and equivalents which retain the pesticidal activity of the exemplified toxins would be within the scope of the subject invention. Also, because of the redundancy of the genetic code, a variety of different DNA sequences can encode the amino acid sequences disclosed herein. It is well within the skill of a person trained in the art to create these alternative DNA sequences encoding the same, or essentially the same, toxins. These variant DNA sequences are within the scope of the subject invention. As used herein, reference to “essentially the same” sequence refers to sequences which have amino acid substitutions, deletions, additions, or insertions which do not materially affect pesticidal activity. Fragments of genes encoding proteins that retain pesticidal activity are also included in this definition. 
         [0025]    A further method for identifying the genes encoding the toxins and gene portions useful according to the subject invention is through the use of oligonucleotide probes. These probes are detectable nucleotide sequences. These sequences may be detectable by virtue of an appropriate label or may be made inherently fluorescent as described in International Application No. WO93/16094. As is well known in the art, if the probe molecule and nucleic acid sample hybridize by forming a strong bond between the two molecules, it can be reasonably assumed that the probe and sample have substantial homology. Preferably, hybridization is conducted under stringent conditions by techniques well-known in the art, as described, for example, in Keller, G. H., M. M. Manak (1987) DNA Probes, Stockton Press, New York, N.Y., pp. 169-170. Some examples of salt concentrations and temperature combinations are as follows (in order of increasing stringency): 2×SSPE or SSC at room temperature; 1×SSPE or SSC at 42° C.; 0.1×SSPE or SSC at 42° C.; 0.1×SSPE or SSC at 65° C. Detection of the probe provides a means for determining in a known manner whether hybridization has occurred. Such a probe analysis provides a rapid method for identifying toxin-encoding genes of the subject invention. The nucleotide segments which are used as probes according to the invention can be synthesized using a DNA synthesizer and standard procedures. These nucleotide sequences can also be used as PCR primers to amplify genes of the subject invention. 
         [0026]    Certain proteins of the subject invention have been specifically exemplified herein. Since these proteins are merely exemplary of the proteins of the subject invention, it should be readily apparent that the subject invention comprises variant or equivalent proteins (and nucleotide sequences coding for equivalent proteins) having the same or similar pesticidal activity of the exemplified protein. Equivalent proteins will have amino acid homology with an exemplified protein. This amino acid homology will typically be greater than 75%, preferably be greater than 90%, and most preferably be greater than 95%. The amino acid homology will be highest in critical regions of the protein which account for biological activity or are involved in the determination of three-dimensional configuration which ultimately is responsible for the biological activity. In this regard, certain amino acid substitutions are acceptable and can be expected if these substitutions are in regions which are not critical to activity or are conservative amino acid substitutions which do not affect the three-dimensional configuration of the molecule. For example, amino acids may be placed in the following classes: non-polar, uncharged polar, basic, and acidic. Conservative substitutions whereby an amino acid of one class is replaced with another amino acid of the same type fall within the scope of the subject invention so long as the substitution does not materially alter the biological activity of the compound. Following is a listing of examples of amino acids belonging to each class. In some instances, non-conservative substitutions can also be made. The critical factor is that these substitutions must not significantly detract from the biological activity of the protein. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Class of Amino Acid 
                 Examples of Amino Acids 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Nonpolar 
                 Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Met, Phe, Trp 
               
               
                   
                 Uncharged Polar 
                 Gly, Ser, Thr, Cys, Tyr, Asn, Gln 
               
               
                   
                 Acidic 
                 Asp, Glu 
               
               
                   
                 Basic 
                 Lys, Arg, His 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0027]    Insect Resistance Management (IRM) Strategies. Roush et al., for example, outlines two-toxin strategies, also called “pyramiding” or “stacking,” for management of insecticidal transgenic crops. (The Royal Society.  Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B . (1998) 353, 1777-1786). 
         [0028]    On their website, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/pips/bt_corn_refuge — 2006.htm) publishes the following requirements for providing non-transgenic (i.e., non-B.t.) refuges (a section of non-Bt crops/corn) for use with transgenic crops producing a single Bt protein active against target pests.
       “The specific structured requirements for corn borer-protected Bt (Cry1Ab or Cry1F) corn products are as follows:   Structured refuges: 20% non-Lepidopteran Bt corn refuge in Corn Belt;
           50% non-Lepidopteran Bt refuge in Cotton Belt   
           Blocks
           Internal (i.e., within the Bt field)   External (i.e., separate fields within ½ mile (¼ mile if possible) of the Bt field to maximize random mating)   
           In-field Strips
           Strips must be at least 4 rows wide (preferably 6 rows) to reduce the effects of larval movement”   
               
 
         [0037]    In addition, the National Corn Growers Association, on their website (ncga.com/insect-resistance-management-fact-sheet-bt-corn) also provides similar guidance regarding the refuge requirements. For example:
       “Requirements of the Corn Borer IRM:
           Plant at least 20% of your corn acres to refuge hybrids   In cotton producing regions, refuge must be 50%   Must be planted within ½ mile of the refuge hybrids   Refuge can be planted as strips within the Bt field; the refuge strips must be at least 4 rows wide   Refuge may be treated with conventional pesticides only if economic thresholds are reached for target insect   Bt-based sprayable insecticides cannot be used on the refuge corn   Appropriate refuge must be planted on every farm with Bt corn”   
               
 
         [0046]    As stated by Roush et al. (on pages 1780 and 1784 right column, for example), stacking or pyramiding of two different proteins each effective against the target pests and with little or no cross-resistance can allow for use of a smaller refuge. Roush suggests that for a successful stack, a refuge size of less than 10% refuge, can provide comparable resistance management to about 50% refuge for a single (non-pyramided) trait. For currently available pyramided Bt corn products, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires significantly less (generally 5%) structured refuge of non-Bt corn be planted than for single trait products (generally 20%). 
         [0047]    There are various ways of providing the IRM effects of a refuge, including various geometric planting patterns in the fields (as mentioned above) and in-bag seed mixtures, as discussed further by Roush et al. (supra), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,551,962. 
         [0048]    The above percentages, or similar refuge ratios, can be used for the subject double or triple stacks or pyramids. For triple stacks with three sites of action against a single target pest, a goal would be zero refuge (or less than 5% refuge, for example). This is particularly true for commercial acreage—of over 10 acres for example. 
         [0049]    All patents, patent applications, provisional applications, and publications referred to or cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety to the extent they are not inconsistent with the explicit teachings of this specification. 
         [0050]    Unless specifically indicated or implied, the terms “a”, “an”, and “the” signify “at least one” as used herein. 
         [0051]    Following are examples that illustrate procedures for practicing the invention. These examples should not be construed as limiting. All percentages are by weight and all solvent mixture proportions are by volume unless otherwise noted. All temperatures are in degrees Celsius. 
       REFERENCES 
       [0000]    
       
         Wolfersberger, M. G., (1993), Preparation and Partial Characterization of Amino Acid Transporting Brush Border Membrane Vesicles from the Larval Midgut of the Gypsy Moth (Lymantria Dispar). Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 24: 139-147. 
         Liang, Y., Patel, S. S., and Dean, D. H., (1995), Irreversible Binding Kinetics of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A Delta-Endotoxins to Gypsy Moth Brush Border Membrane Vesicles is Directly Correlated to Toxicity. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 24719-24724. 
       
     
       Example 1 
     Bioassay 
       [0054]    The subject Cry proteins were studied for their activity against other major insect pests, both sensitive, and those resistant to Cry1Fa (rFAW and rECB). As shown in Table 1, Cry1I and Cry2Aa are active against both resistant and susceptible ECB larvae. Cry1Ea is active against both resistant and susceptible FAW. (For a general discussion of this pest, see e.g. Tabashnik,  PNAS  (2008), vol. 105 no. 49, 19029-19030.) 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 PROTEIN 
                 FAW 
                 rFAW 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cry1Ea 
                 144 
                 1845 
               
               
                   
                 Cry2Aa 
                 1397.9 
                 1936.8 
               
               
                   
                 Cry1Fa 
                 22 
                 inactive 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 PROTEIN 
                 ECB 
                 rECB 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Cry1I 
                 79.1 
                 3618 
               
               
                   
                 Cry2Aa 
                 122.9 
                 188.4 
               
               
                   
                 Cry1Fa 
                 16 
                 inactive 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       APPENDIX A 
       [0055]    List of delta-endotoxins—from Crickmore et al. website (cited in application)
 
Accession Number is to NCBI entry (if available)
 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Name 
                 Acc No. 
                 Authors 
                 Year 
                 Source Strain 
                 Comment 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Cry1Aa1 
                 AAA22353 
                 Schnepf et al 
                 1985 
                 Bt kurstaki HD1 
                   
               
               
                 Cry1Aa2 
                 AAA22552 
                 Shibano et al 
                 1985 
                 Bt sotto 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa3 
                 BAA00257 
                 Shimizu et al 
                 1988 
                 Bt aizawai IPL7 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa4 
                 CAA31886 
                 Masson et al 
                 1989 
                 Bt entomocidus 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa5 
                 BAA04468 
                 Udayasuriyan et al 
                 1994 
                 Bt Fu-2-7 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa6 
                 AAA86265 
                 Masson et al 
                 1994 
                 Bt kurstaki NRD- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 12 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa7 
                 AAD46139 
                 Osman et al 
                 1999 
                 Bt C12 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa8 
                 I26149 
                 Liu 
                 1996 
                   
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa9 
                 BAA77213 
                 Nagamatsu et al 
                 1999 
                 Bt dendrolimus 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 T84A1 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa10 
                 AAD55382 
                 Hou and Chen 
                 1999 
                 Bt kurstaki HD-1- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 02 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa11 
                 CAA70856 
                 Tounsi et al 
                 1999 
                 Bt kurstaki 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa12 
                 AAP80146 
                 Yao et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt Ly30 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa13 
                 AAM44305 
                 Zhong et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt sotto 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa14 
                 AAP40639 
                 Ren et al 
                 2002 
                 unpublished 
               
               
                 Cry1Aa15 
                 AAY66993 
                 Sauka et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt INTA Mol-12 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab1 
                 AAA22330 
                 Wabiko et al 
                 1986 
                 Bt berliner 1715 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab2 
                 AAA22613 
                 Thorne et al 
                 1986 
                 Bt kurstaki 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab3 
                 AAA22561 
                 Geiser et al 
                 1986 
                 Bt kurstaki HD1 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab4 
                 BAA00071 
                 Kondo et al 
                 1987 
                 Bt kurstaki HD1 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab5 
                 CAA28405 
                 Hofte et al 
                 1986 
                 Bt berliner 1715 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab6 
                 AAA22420 
                 Hefford et al 
                 1987 
                 Bt kurstaki NRD- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 12 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab7 
                 CAA31620 
                 Haider &amp; Ellar 
                 1988 
                 Bt aizawai IC1 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab8 
                 AAA22551 
                 Oeda et al 
                 1987 
                 Bt aizawai IPL7 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab9 
                 CAA38701 
                 Chak &amp; Jen 
                 1993 
                 Bt aizawai HD133 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab10 
                 A29125 
                 Fischhoff et al 
                 1987 
                 Bt kurstaki HD1 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab11 
                 I12419 
                 Ely &amp; Tippett 
                 1995 
                 Bt A20 
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab12 
                 AAC64003 
                 Silva-Werneck et al 
                 1998 
                 Bt kurstaki S93 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab13 
                 AAN76494 
                 Tan et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt c005 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab14 
                 AAG16877 
                 Meza-Basso &amp; 
                 2000 
                 Native Chilean Bt 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Theoduloz 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab15 
                 AAO13302 
                 Li et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt B-Hm-16 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab16 
                 AAK55546 
                 Yu et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt AC-11 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab17 
                 AAT46415 
                 Huang et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt WB9 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab18 
                 AAQ88259 
                 Stobdan et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab19 
                 AAW31761 
                 Zhong et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt X-2 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab20 
                 ABB72460 
                 Liu et al 
                 2006 
                 BtC008 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab21 
                 ABS18384 
                 Swiecicka et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt IS5056 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab22 
                 ABW87320 
                 Wu and Feng 
                 2008 
                 BtS2491Ab 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab- 
                 AAK14336 
                 Nagarathinam et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt kunthala RX24 
                 uncertain sequence 
               
               
                 like 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab- 
                 AAK14337 
                 Nagarathinam et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt kunthala RX28 
                 uncertain sequence 
               
               
                 like 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab- 
                 AAK14338 
                 Nagarathinam et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt kunthala RX27 
                 uncertain sequence 
               
               
                 like 
               
               
                 Cry1Ab- 
                 ABG88858 
                 Lin et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt ly4a3 
                 insufficient sequence 
               
               
                 like 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac1 
                 AAA22331 
                 Adang et al 
                 1985 
                 Bt kurstaki HD73 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac2 
                 AAA22338 
                 Von Tersch et al 
                 1991 
                 Bt kenyae 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac3 
                 CAA38098 
                 Dardenne et al 
                 1990 
                 Bt BTS89A 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac4 
                 AAA73077 
                 Feitelson 
                 1991 
                 Bt kurstaki 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 PS85A1 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac5 
                 AAA22339 
                 Feitelson 
                 1992 
                 Bt kurstaki 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 PS81GG 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac6 
                 AAA86266 
                 Masson et al 
                 1994 
                 Bt kurstaki NRD- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 12 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac7 
                 AAB46989 
                 Herrera et al 
                 1994 
                 Bt kurstaki HD73 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac8 
                 AAC44841 
                 Omolo et al 
                 1997 
                 Bt kurstaki HD73 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac9 
                 AAB49768 
                 Gleave et al 
                 1992 
                 Bt DSIR732 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac10 
                 CAA05505 
                 Sun 
                 1997 
                 Bt kurstaki YBT- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1520 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac11 
                 CAA10270 
                 Makhdoom &amp; 
                 1998 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Riazuddin 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac12 
                 I12418 
                 Ely &amp; Tippett 
                 1995 
                 Bt A20 
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac13 
                 AAD38701 
                 Qiao et al 
                 1999 
                 Bt kurstaki HD1 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac14 
                 AAQ06607 
                 Yao et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt Ly30 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac15 
                 AAN07788 
                 Tzeng et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt from Taiwan 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac16 
                 AAU87037 
                 Zhao et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt H3 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac17 
                 AAX18704 
                 Hire et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt kenyae HD549 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac18 
                 AAY88347 
                 Kaur &amp; Allam 
                 2005 
                 Bt SK-729 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac19 
                 ABD37053 
                 Gao et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt C-33 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac20 
                 ABB89046 
                 Tan et al 
                 2005 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac21 
                 AAY66992 
                 Sauka et al 
                 2005 
                 INTA Mol-12 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac22 
                 ABZ01836 
                 Zhang &amp; Fang 
                 2008 
                 Bt W015-1 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac23 
                 CAQ30431 
                 Kashyap et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac24 
                 ABL01535 
                 Arango et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt 146-158-01 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac25 
                 FJ513324 
                 Guan Peng et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt Tm37-6 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac26 
                 FJ617446 
                 Guan Peng et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt Tm41-4 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac27 
                 FJ617447 
                 Guan Peng et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt Tm44-1B 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry1Ac28 
                 ACM90319 
                 Li et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt Q-12 
               
               
                 Cry1Ad1 
                 AAA22340 
                 Feitelson 
                 1993 
                 Bt aizawai PS81I 
               
               
                 Cry1Ad2 
                 CAA01880 
                 Anonymous 
                 1995 
                 Bt PS81RR1 
               
               
                 Cry1Ae1 
                 AAA22410 
                 Lee &amp; Aronson 
                 1991 
                 Bt alesti 
               
               
                 Cry1Af1 
                 AAB82749 
                 Kang et al 
                 1997 
                 Bt NT0423 
               
               
                 Cry1Ag1 
                 AAD46137 
                 Mustafa 
                 1999 
               
               
                 Cry1Ah1 
                 AAQ14326 
                 Tan et al 
                 2000 
               
               
                 Cry1Ah2 
                 ABB76664 
                 Qi et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt alesti 
               
               
                 Cry1Ai1 
                 AAO39719 
                 Wang et al 
                 2002 
               
               
                 Cry1A- 
                 AAK14339 
                 Nagarathinam et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt kunthala nags3 
                 uncertain sequence 
               
               
                 like 
               
               
                 Cry1Ba1 
                 CAA29898 
                 Brizzard &amp; Whiteley 
                 1988 
                 Bt thuringiensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 HD2 
               
               
                 Cry1Ba2 
                 CAA65003 
                 Soetaert 
                 1996 
                 Bt entomocidus 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 HD110 
               
               
                 Cry1Ba3 
                 AAK63251 
                 Zhang et al 
                 2001 
               
               
                 Cry1Ba4 
                 AAK51084 
                 Nathan et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt entomocidus 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 HD9 
               
               
                 Cry1Ba5 
                 ABO20894 
                 Song et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt sfw-12 
               
               
                 Cry1Ba6 
                 ABL60921 
                 Martins et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt S601 
               
               
                 Cry1Bb1 
                 AAA22344 
                 Donovan et al 
                 1994 
                 Bt EG5847 
               
               
                 Cry1Bc1 
                 CAA86568 
                 Bishop et al 
                 1994 
                 Bt morrisoni 
               
               
                 Cry1Bd1 
                 AAD10292 
                 Kuo et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt wuhanensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 HD525 
               
               
                 Cry1Bd2 
                 AAM93496 
                 Isakova et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt 834 
               
               
                 Cry1Be1 
                 AAC32850 
                 Payne et al 
                 1998 
                 Bt PS158C2 
               
               
                 Cry1Be2 
                 AAQ52387 
                 Baum et al 
                 2003 
               
               
                 Cry1Be3 
                 FJ716102 
                 Xiaodong Sun et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry1Bf1 
                 CAC50778 
                 Arnaut et al 
                 2001 
               
               
                 Cry1Bf2 
                 AAQ52380 
                 Baum et al 
                 2003 
               
               
                 Cry1Bg1 
                 AAO39720 
                 Wang et al 
                 2002 
               
               
                 Cry1Ca1 
                 CAA30396 
                 Honee et al 
                 1988 
                 Bt entomocidus 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 60.5 
               
               
                 Cry1Ca2 
                 CAA31951 
                 Sanchis et al 
                 1989 
                 Bt aizawai 7.29 
               
               
                 Cry1Ca3 
                 AAA22343 
                 Feitelson 
                 1993 
                 Bt aizawai PS81I 
               
               
                 Cry1Ca4 
                 CAA01886 
                 Van Mellaert et al 
                 1990 
                 Bt entomocidus 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 HD110 
               
               
                 Cry1Ca5 
                 CAA65457 
                 Strizhov 
                 1996 
                 Bt aizawai 7.29 
               
               
                 Cry1Ca6 
                 AAF37224 
                 Yu et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt AF-2 
               
               
                 Cry1Ca7 
                 AAG50438 
                 Aixing et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt J8 
               
               
                 Cry1Ca8 
                 AAM00264 
                 Chen et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt c002 
               
               
                 Cry1Ca9 
                 AAL79362 
                 Kao et al 
                 2003 
                 Bt G10-01A 
               
               
                 Cry1Ca10 
                 AAN16462 
                 Lin et al 
                 2003 
                 Bt E05-20a 
               
               
                 Cry1Ca11 
                 AAX53094 
                 Cai et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt C-33 
               
               
                 Cry1Cb1 
                 M97880 
                 Kalman et al 
                 1993 
                 Bt galleriae HD29 
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry1Cb2 
                 AAG35409 
                 Song et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt c001 
               
               
                 Cry1Cb3 
                 ACD50894 
                 Huang et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt 087 
               
               
                 Cry1Cb- 
                 AAX63901 
                 Thammasittirong et 
                 2005 
                 Bt TA476-1 
                 insufficient sequence 
               
               
                 like 
                   
                 al 
               
               
                 Cry1Da1 
                 CAA38099 
                 Hofte et al 
                 1990 
                 Bt aizawai HD68 
               
               
                 Cry1Da2 
                 I76415 
                 Payne &amp; Sick 
                 1997 
                   
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry1Db1 
                 CAA80234 
                 Lambert 
                 1993 
                 Bt BTS00349A 
               
               
                 Cry1Db2 
                 AAK48937 
                 Li et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt B-Pr-88 
               
               
                 Cry1Dc1 
                 ABK35074 
                 Lertwiriyawong et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt JC291 
               
               
                 Cry1Ea1 
                 CAA37933 
                 Visser et al 
                 1990 
                 Bt kenyae 4F1 
               
               
                 Cry1Ea2 
                 CAA39609 
                 Bosse et al 
                 1990 
                 Bt kenyae 
               
               
                 Cry1Ea3 
                 AAA22345 
                 Feitelson 
                 1991 
                 Bt kenyae PS81F 
               
               
                 Cry1Ea4 
                 AAD04732 
                 Barboza-Corona et 
                 1998 
                 Bt kenyae LBIT- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 al 
                   
                 147 
               
               
                 Cry1Ea5 
                 A15535 
                 Botterman et al 
                 1994 
                   
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry1Ea6 
                 AAL50330 
                 Sun et al 
                 1999 
                 Bt YBT-032 
               
               
                 Cry1Ea7 
                 AAW72936 
                 Huehne et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt JC190 
               
               
                 Cry1Ea8 
                 ABX11258 
                 Huang et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt HZM2 
               
               
                 Cry1Eb1 
                 AAA22346 
                 Feitelson 
                 1993 
                 Bt aizawai 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 PS81A2 
               
               
                 Cry1Fa1 
                 AAA22348 
                 Chambers et al 
                 1991 
                 Bt aizawai 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 EG6346 
               
               
                 Cry1Fa2 
                 AAA22347 
                 Feitelson 
                 1993 
                 Bt aizawai PS81I 
               
               
                 Cry1Fb1 
                 CAA80235 
                 Lambert 
                 1993 
                 Bt BTS00349A 
               
               
                 Cry1Fb2 
                 BAA25298 
                 Masuda &amp; Asano 
                 1998 
                 Bt morrisoni 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 INA67 
               
               
                 Cry1Fb3 
                 AAF21767 
                 Song et al 
                 1998 
                 Bt morrisoni 
               
               
                 Cry1Fb4 
                 AAC10641 
                 Payne et al 
                 1997 
               
               
                 Cry1Fb5 
                 AAO13295 
                 Li et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt B-Pr-88 
               
               
                 Cry1Fb6 
                 ACD50892 
                 Huang et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt 012 
               
               
                 Cry1Fb7 
                 ACD50893 
                 Huang et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt 087 
               
               
                 Cry1Ga1 
                 CAA80233 
                 Lambert 
                 1993 
                 Bt BTS0349A 
               
               
                 Cry1Ga2 
                 CAA70506 
                 Shevelev et al 
                 1997 
                 Bt wuhanensis 
               
               
                 Cry1Gb1 
                 AAD10291 
                 Kuo &amp; Chak 
                 1999 
                 Bt wuhanensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 HD525 
               
               
                 Cry1Gb2 
                 AAO13756 
                 Li et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt B-Pr-88 
               
               
                 Cry1Gc 
                 AAQ52381 
                 Baum et al 
                 2003 
               
               
                 Cry1Ha1 
                 CAA80236 
                 Lambert 
                 1993 
                 Bt BTS02069AA 
               
               
                 Cry1Hb1 
                 AAA79694 
                 Koo et al 
                 1995 
                 Bt morrisoni 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 BF190 
               
               
                 Cry1H- 
                 AAF01213 
                 Srifah et al 
                 1999 
                 Bt JC291 
                 insufficient sequence 
               
               
                 like 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia1 
                 CAA44633 
                 Tailor et al 
                 1992 
                 Bt kurstaki 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia2 
                 AAA22354 
                 Gleave et al 
                 1993 
                 Bt kurstaki 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia3 
                 AAC36999 
                 Shin et al 
                 1995 
                 Bt kurstaki HD1 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia4 
                 AAB00958 
                 Kostichka et al 
                 1996 
                 Bt AB88 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia5 
                 CAA70124 
                 Selvapandiyan 
                 1996 
                 Bt 61 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia6 
                 AAC26910 
                 Zhong et al 
                 1998 
                 Bt kurstaki S101 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia7 
                 AAM73516 
                 Porcar et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia8 
                 AAK66742 
                 Song et al 
                 2001 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia9 
                 AAQ08616 
                 Yao et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt Ly30 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia10 
                 AAP86782 
                 Espindola et al 
                 2003 
                 Bt thuringiensis 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia11 
                 CAC85964 
                 Tounsi et al 
                 2003 
                 Bt kurstaki BNS3 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia12 
                 AAV53390 
                 Grossi de Sa et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia13 
                 ABF83202 
                 Martins et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia14 
                 ACG63871 
                 Liu &amp; Guo 
                 2008 
                 Bt11 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia15 
                 FJ617445 
                 Guan Peng et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt E-1B 
                 No NCBI link July 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 2009 
               
               
                 Cry1Ia16 
                 FJ617448 
                 Guan Peng et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt E-1A 
                 No NCBI link July 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 2009 
               
               
                 Cry1Ib1 
                 AAA82114 
                 Shin et al 
                 1995 
                 Bt entomocidus 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 BP465 
               
               
                 Cry1Ib2 
                 ABW88019 
                 Guan et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt PP61 
               
               
                 Cry1Ib3 
                 ACD75515 
                 Liu &amp; Guo 
                 2008 
                 Bt GS8 
               
               
                 Cry1Ic1 
                 AAC62933 
                 Osman et al 
                 1998 
                 Bt C18 
               
               
                 Cry1Ic2 
                 AAE71691 
                 Osman et al 
                 2001 
               
               
                 Cry1Id1 
                 AAD44366 
                 Choi 
                 2000 
               
               
                 Cry1Ie1 
                 AAG43526 
                 Song et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt BTC007 
               
               
                 Cry1If1 
                 AAQ52382 
                 Baum et al 
                 2003 
               
               
                 Cry1I-like 
                 AAC31094 
                 Payne et al 
                 1998 
                   
                 insufficient sequence 
               
               
                 Cry1I-like 
                 ABG88859 
                 Lin &amp; Fang 
                 2006 
                 Bt ly4a3 
                 insufficient sequence 
               
               
                 Cry1Ja1 
                 AAA22341 
                 Donovan 
                 1994 
                 Bt EG5847 
               
               
                 Cry1Jb1 
                 AAA98959 
                 Von Tersch &amp; 
                 1994 
                 Bt EG5092 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Gonzalez 
               
               
                 Cry1Jc1 
                 AAC31092 
                 Payne et al 
                 1998 
               
               
                 Cry1Jc2 
                 AAQ52372 
                 Baum et al 
                 2003 
               
               
                 Cry1Jd1 
                 CAC50779 
                 Arnaut et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry1Ka1 
                 AAB00376 
                 Koo et al 
                 1995 
                 Bt morrisoni 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 BF190 
               
               
                 Cry1La1 
                 AAS60191 
                 Je et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt kurstaki K1 
               
               
                 Cry1-like 
                 AAC31091 
                 Payne et al 
                 1998 
                   
                 insufficient sequence 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa1 
                 AAA22335 
                 Donovan et al 
                 1989 
                 Bt kurstaki 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa2 
                 AAA83516 
                 Widner &amp; Whiteley 
                 1989 
                 Bt kurstaki HD1 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa3 
                 D86064 
                 Sasaki et al 
                 1997 
                 Bt sotto 
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa4 
                 AAC04867 
                 Misra et al 
                 1998 
                 Bt kenyae HD549 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa5 
                 CAA10671 
                 Yu &amp; Pang 
                 1999 
                 Bt SL39 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa6 
                 CAA10672 
                 Yu &amp; Pang 
                 1999 
                 Bt YZ71 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa7 
                 CAA10670 
                 Yu &amp; Pang 
                 1999 
                 Bt CY29 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa8 
                 AAO13734 
                 Wei et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt Dongbei 66 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa9 
                 AAO13750 
                 Zhang et al 
                 2000 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa10 
                 AAQ04263 
                 Yao et al 
                 2001 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa11 
                 AAQ52384 
                 Baum et al 
                 2003 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa12 
                 ABI83671 
                 Tan et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt Rpp39 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa13 
                 ABL01536 
                 Arango et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt 146-158-01 
               
               
                 Cry2Aa14 
                 ACF04939 
                 Hire et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt HD-550 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab1 
                 AAA22342 
                 Widner &amp; Whiteley 
                 1989 
                 Bt kurstaki HD1 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab2 
                 CAA39075 
                 Dankocsik et al 
                 1990 
                 Bt kurstaki HD1 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab3 
                 AAG36762 
                 Chen et al 
                 1999 
                 Bt BTC002 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab4 
                 AAO13296 
                 Li et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt B-Pr-88 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab5 
                 AAQ04609 
                 Yao et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt ly30 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab6 
                 AAP59457 
                 Wang et al 
                 2003 
                 Bt WZ-7 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab7 
                 AAZ66347 
                 Udayasuriyan et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt 14-1 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab8 
                 ABC95996 
                 Huang et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt WB2 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab9 
                 ABC74968 
                 Zhang et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt LLB6 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab10 
                 EF157306 
                 Lin et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt LyD 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab11 
                 CAM84575 
                 Saleem et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt CMBL-BT1 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab12 
                 ABM21764 
                 Lin et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt LyD 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab13 
                 ACG76120 
                 Zhu et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt ywc5-4 
               
               
                 Cry2Ab14 
                 ACG76121 
                 Zhu et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt Bts 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac1 
                 CAA40536 
                 Aronson 
                 1991 
                 Bt shanghai S1 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac2 
                 AAG35410 
                 Song et al 
                 2000 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac3 
                 AAQ52385 
                 Baum et al 
                 2003 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac4 
                 ABC95997 
                 Huang et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt WB9 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac5 
                 ABC74969 
                 Zhang et al 
                 2005 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac6 
                 ABC74793 
                 Xia et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt wuhanensis 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac7 
                 CAL18690 
                 Saleem et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt SBSBT-1 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac8 
                 CAM09325 
                 Saleem et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt CMBL-BT1 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac9 
                 CAM09326 
                 Saleem et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt CMBL-BT2 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac10 
                 ABN15104 
                 Bai et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt QCL-1 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac11 
                 CAM83895 
                 Saleem et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt HD29 
               
               
                 Cry2Ac12 
                 CAM83896 
                 Saleem et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt CMBL-BT3 
               
               
                 Cry2Ad1 
                 AAF09583 
                 Choi et al 
                 1999 
                 Bt BR30 
               
               
                 Cry2Ad2 
                 ABC86927 
                 Huang et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt WB10 
               
               
                 Cry2Ad3 
                 CAK29504 
                 Saleem et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt 5_2AcT(1) 
               
               
                 Cry2Ad4 
                 CAM32331 
                 Saleem et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt CMBL-BT2 
               
               
                 Cry2Ad5 
                 CAO78739 
                 Saleem et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt HD29 
               
               
                 Cry2Ae1 
                 AAQ52362 
                 Baum et al 
                 2003 
               
               
                 Cry2Af1 
                 ABO30519 
                 Beard et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt C81 
               
               
                 Cry2Ag 
                 ACH91610 
                 Zhu et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt JF19-2 
               
               
                 Cry2Ah 
                 EU939453 
                 Zhang et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry2Ah2 
                 ACL80665 
                 Zhang et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt BRC-ZQL3 
               
               
                 Cry2Ai 
                 FJ788388 
                 Udayasuriyan et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa1 
                 AAA22336 
                 Herrnstadt et al 
                 1987 
                 Bt san diego 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa2 
                 AAA22541 
                 Sekar et al 
                 1987 
                 Bt tenebrionis 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa3 
                 CAA68482 
                 Hofte et al 
                 1987 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa4 
                 AAA22542 
                 McPherson et al 
                 1988 
                 Bt tenebrionis 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa5 
                 AAA50255 
                 Donovan et al 
                 1988 
                 Bt morrisoni 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 EG2158 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa6 
                 AAC43266 
                 Adams et al 
                 1994 
                 Bt tenebrionis 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa7 
                 CAB41411 
                 Zhang et al 
                 1999 
                 Bt 22 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa8 
                 AAS79487 
                 Gao and Cai 
                 2004 
                 Bt YM-03 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa9 
                 AAW05659 
                 Bulla and Candas 
                 2004 
                 Bt UTD-001 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa10 
                 AAU29411 
                 Chen et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt 886 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa11 
                 AAW82872 
                 Kurt et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt tenebrionis 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Mm2 
               
               
                 Cry3Aa12 
                 ABY49136 
                 Sezen et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt tenebrionis 
               
               
                 Cry3Ba1 
                 CAA34983 
                 Sick et al 
                 1990 
                 Bt tolworthi 43F 
               
               
                 Cry3Ba2 
                 CAA00645 
                 Peferoen et al 
                 1990 
                 Bt PGSI208 
               
               
                 Cry3Bb1 
                 AAA22334 
                 Donovan et al 
                 1992 
                 Bt EG4961 
               
               
                 Cry3Bb2 
                 AAA74198 
                 Donovan et al 
                 1995 
                 Bt EG5144 
               
               
                 Cry3Bb3 
                 I15475 
                 Peferoen et al 
                 1995 
                   
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry3Ca1 
                 CAA42469 
                 Lambert et al 
                 1992 
                 Bt kurstaki 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 BtI109P 
               
               
                 Cry4Aa1 
                 CAA68485 
                 Ward &amp; Ellar 
                 1987 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                 Cry4Aa2 
                 BAA00179 
                 Sen et al 
                 1988 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 HD522 
               
               
                 Cry4Aa3 
                 CAD30148 
                 Berry et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                 Cry4A- 
                 AAY96321 
                 Mahalakshmi et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt LDC-9 
                 insufficient sequence 
               
               
                 like 
               
               
                 Cry4Ba1 
                 CAA30312 
                 Chungjatpornchai et 
                 1988 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                 al 
                   
                 4Q2-72 
               
               
                 Cry4Ba2 
                 CAA30114 
                 Tungpradubkul et al 
                 1988 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                 Cry4Ba3 
                 AAA22337 
                 Yamamoto et al 
                 1988 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                 Cry4Ba4 
                 BAA00178 
                 Sen et al 
                 1988 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 HD522 
               
               
                 Cry4Ba5 
                 CAD30095 
                 Berry et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                 Cry4Ba- 
                 ABC47686 
                 Mahalakshmi et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt LDC-9 
                 insufficient sequence 
               
               
                 like 
               
               
                 Cry4Ca1 
                 EU646202 
                 Shu et al 
                 2008 
                   
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry4Cb1 
                 FJ403208 
                 Jun &amp; Furong 
                 2008 
                 Bt HS18-1 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry4Cb2 
                 FJ597622 
                 Jun &amp; Furong 
                 2008 
                 Bt Ywc2-8 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry4Cc1 
                 FJ403207 
                 Jun &amp; Furong 
                 2008 
                 Bt MC28 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry5Aa1 
                 AAA67694 
                 Narva et al 
                 1994 
                 Bt darmstadiensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 PS17 
               
               
                 Cry5Ab1 
                 AAA67693 
                 Narva et al 
                 1991 
                 Bt darmstadiensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 PS17 
               
               
                 Cry5Ac1 
                 I34543 
                 Payne et al 
                 1997 
                   
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry5Ad1 
                 ABQ82087 
                 Lenane et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt L366 
               
               
                 Cry5Ba1 
                 AAA68598 
                 Foncerrada &amp; Narva 
                 1997 
                 Bt PS86Q3 
               
               
                 Cry5Ba2 
                 ABW88932 
                 Guo et al 
                 2008 
                 YBT 1518 
               
               
                 Cry6Aa1 
                 AAA22357 
                 Narva et al 
                 1993 
                 Bt PS52A1 
               
               
                 Cry6Aa2 
                 AAM46849 
                 Bai et al 
                 2001 
                 YBT 1518 
               
               
                 Cry6Aa3 
                 ABH03377 
                 Jia et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt 96418 
               
               
                 Cry6Ba1 
                 AAA22358 
                 Narva et al 
                 1991 
                 Bt PS69D1 
               
               
                 Cry7Aa1 
                 AAA22351 
                 Lambert et al 
                 1992 
                 Bt galleriae 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 PGSI245 
               
               
                 Cry7Ab1 
                 AAA21120 
                 Narva &amp; Fu 
                 1994 
                 Bt dakota HD511 
               
               
                 Cry7Ab2 
                 AAA21121 
                 Narva &amp; Fu 
                 1994 
                 Bt kumamotoensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 867 
               
               
                 Cry7Ab3 
                 ABX24522 
                 Song et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt WZ-9 
               
               
                 Cry7Ab4 
                 EU380678 
                 Shu et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry7Ab5 
                 ABX79555 
                 Aguirre-Arzola et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt monterrey GM- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 33 
               
               
                 Cry7Ab6 
                 ACI44005 
                 Deng et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt HQ122 
               
               
                 Cry7Ab7 
                 FJ940776 
                 Wang et al 
                 2009 
                   
                 No NCBI link Sept 09 
               
               
                 Cry7Ab8 
                 GU145299 
                 Feng Jing 
                 2009 
                   
                 No NCBI link Nov 09 
               
               
                 Cry7Ba1 
                 ABB70817 
                 Zhang et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt huazhongensis 
               
               
                 Cry7Ca1 
                 ABR67863 
                 Gao et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt BTH-13 
               
               
                 Cry7Da1 
                 ACQ99547 
                 Yi et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt LH-2 
               
               
                 Cry8Aa1 
                 AAA21117 
                 Narva &amp; Fu 
                 1992 
                 Bt kumamotoensis 
               
               
                 Cry8Ab1 
                 EU044830 
                 Cheng et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt B-JJX 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry8Ba1 
                 AAA21118 
                 Narva &amp; Fu 
                 1993 
                 Bt kumamotoensis 
               
               
                 Cry8Bb1 
                 CAD57542 
                 Abad et al 
                 2002 
               
               
                 Cry8Bc1 
                 CAD57543 
                 Abad et al 
                 2002 
               
               
                 Cry8Ca1 
                 AAA21119 
                 Sato et al. 
                 1995 
                 Bt japonensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Buibui 
               
               
                 Cry8Ca2 
                 AAR98783 
                 Shu et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt HBF-1 
               
               
                 Cry8Ca3 
                 EU625349 
                 Du et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt FTL-23 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry8Da1 
                 BAC07226 
                 Asano et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt galleriae 
               
               
                 Cry8Da2 
                 BD133574 
                 Asano et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt 
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry8Da3 
                 BD133575 
                 Asano et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt 
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry8Db1 
                 BAF93483 
                 Yamaguchi et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt BBT2-5 
               
               
                 Cry8Ea1 
                 AAQ73470 
                 Fuping et al 
                 2003 
                 Bt 185 
               
               
                 Cry8Ea2 
                 EU047597 
                 Liu et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt B-DLL 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry8Fa1 
                 AAT48690 
                 Shu et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt 185 
                 also AAW81032 
               
               
                 Cry8Ga1 
                 AAT46073 
                 Shu et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt HBF-18 
               
               
                 Cry8Ga2 
                 ABC42043 
                 Yan et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt 145 
               
               
                 Cry8Ga3 
                 FJ198072 
                 Xiaodong et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt FCD114 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry8Ha1 
                 EF465532 
                 Fuping et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt 185 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry8Ia1 
                 EU381044 
                 Yan et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt su4 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry8Ja1 
                 EU625348 
                 Du et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt FPT-2 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry8Ka1 
                 FJ422558 
                 Quezado et al 
                 2008 
                   
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry8Ka2 
                 ACN87262 
                 Noguera &amp; Ibarra 
                 2009 
                 Bt kenyae 
               
               
                 Cry8-like 
                 FJ770571 
                 Noguera &amp; Ibarra 
                 2009 
                 Bt canadensis 
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry8-like 
                 ABS53003 
                 Mangena et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry9Aa1 
                 CAA41122 
                 Shevelev et al 
                 1991 
                 Bt galleriae 
               
               
                 Cry9Aa2 
                 CAA41425 
                 Gleave et al 
                 1992 
                 Bt DSIR517 
               
               
                 Cry9Aa3 
                 GQ249293 
                 Su et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt SC5(D2) 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry9Aa4 
                 GQ249294 
                 Su et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt T03C001 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry9Aa 
                 AAQ52376 
                 Baum et al 
                 2003 
                   
                 incomplete sequence 
               
               
                 like 
               
               
                 Cry9Ba1 
                 CAA52927 
                 Shevelev et al 
                 1993 
                 Bt galleriae 
               
               
                 Cry9Bb1 
                 AAV28716 
                 Silva-Werneck et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt japonensis 
               
               
                 Cry9Ca1 
                 CAA85764 
                 Lambert et al 
                 1996 
                 Bt tolworthi 
               
               
                 Cry9Ca2 
                 AAQ52375 
                 Baum et al 
                 2003 
               
               
                 Cry9Da1 
                 BAA19948 
                 Asano 
                 1997 
                 Bt japonensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 N141 
               
               
                 Cry9Da2 
                 AAB97923 
                 Wasano &amp; Ohba 
                 1998 
                 Bt japonensis 
               
               
                 Cry9Da3 
                 GQ249295 
                 Su et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt T03B001 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry9Da4 
                 GQ249297 
                 Su et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt T03B001 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry9Db1 
                 AAX78439 
                 Flannagan &amp; Abad 
                 2005 
                 Bt kurstaki 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 DP1019 
               
               
                 Cry9Ea1 
                 BAA34908 
                 Midoh &amp; Oyama 
                 1998 
                 Bt aizawai SSK- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 10 
               
               
                 Cry9Ea2 
                 AAO12908 
                 Li et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt B-Hm-16 
               
               
                 Cry9Ea3 
                 ABM21765 
                 Lin et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt lyA 
               
               
                 Cry9Ea4 
                 ACE88267 
                 Zhu et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt ywc5-4 
               
               
                 Cry9Ea5 
                 ACF04743 
                 Zhu et al 
                 2008 
                 Bts 
               
               
                 Cry9Ea6 
                 ACG63872 
                 Liu &amp; Guo 
                 2008 
                 Bt 11 
               
               
                 Cry9Ea7 
                 FJ380927 
                 Sun et al 
                 2008 
                   
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry9Ea8 
                 GQ249292 
                 Su et al 
                 2009 
                 GQ249292 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry9Eb1 
                 CAC50780 
                 Arnaut et al 
                 2001 
               
               
                 Cry9Eb2 
                 GQ249298 
                 Su et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt T03B001 
                 No NCBI link July 09 
               
               
                 Cry9Ec1 
                 AAC63366 
                 Wasano et al 
                 2003 
                 Bt galleriae 
               
               
                 Cry9Ed1 
                 AAX78440 
                 Flannagan &amp; Abad 
                 2005 
                 Bt kurstaki 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 DP1019 
               
               
                 Cry9Ee1 
                 GQ249296 
                 Su et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt T03B001 
                 No NCBI link Aug 09 
               
               
                 Cry9-like 
                 AAC63366 
                 Wasano et al 
                 1998 
                 Bt galleriae 
                 insufficient sequence 
               
               
                 Cry10Aa1 
                 AAA22614 
                 Thorne et al 
                 1986 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                 Cry10Aa2 
                 E00614 
                 Aran &amp; Toomasu 
                 1996 
                 Bt israelensis 
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 ONR-60A 
               
               
                 Cry10Aa3 
                 CAD30098 
                 Berry et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                 Cry10A- 
                 DQ167578 
                 Mahalakshmi et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt LDC-9 
                 incomplete sequence 
               
               
                 like 
               
               
                 Cry11Aa1 
                 AAA22352 
                 Donovan et al 
                 1988 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                 Cry11Aa2 
                 AAA22611 
                 Adams et al 
                 1989 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                 Cry11Aa3 
                 CAD30081 
                 Berry et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt israelensis 
               
               
                 Cry11Aa- 
                 DQ166531 
                 Mahalakshmi et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt LDC-9 
                 incomplete sequence 
               
               
                 like 
               
               
                 Cry11Ba1 
                 CAA60504 
                 Delecluse et al 
                 1995 
                 Bt jegathesan 367 
               
               
                 Cry11Bb1 
                 AAC97162 
                 Orduz et al 
                 1998 
                 Bt medellin 
               
               
                 Cry12Aa1 
                 AAA22355 
                 Narva et al 
                 1991 
                 Bt PS33F2 
               
               
                 Cry13Aa1 
                 AAA22356 
                 Narva et al 
                 1992 
                 Bt PS63B 
               
               
                 Cry14Aa1 
                 AAA21516 
                 Narva et al 
                 1994 
                 Bt sotto PS80JJ1 
               
               
                 Cry15Aa1 
                 AAA22333 
                 Brown &amp; Whiteley 
                 1992 
                 Bt thompsoni 
               
               
                 Cry16Aa1 
                 CAA63860 
                 Barloy et al 
                 1996 
                 Cb malaysia CH18 
               
               
                 Cry17Aa1 
                 CAA67841 
                 Barloy et al 
                 1998 
                 Cb malaysia CH18 
               
               
                 Cry18Aa1 
                 CAA67506 
                 Zhang et al 
                 1997 
                 Paenibacillus 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 popilliae 
               
               
                 Cry18Ba1 
                 AAF89667 
                 Patel et al 
                 1999 
                 Paenibacillus 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 popilliae 
               
               
                 Cry18Ca1 
                 AAF89668 
                 Patel et al 
                 1999 
                 Paenibacillus 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 popilliae 
               
               
                 Cry19Aa1 
                 CAA68875 
                 Rosso &amp; Delecluse 
                 1996 
                 Bt jegathesan 367 
               
               
                 Cry19Ba1 
                 BAA32397 
                 Hwang et al 
                 1998 
                 Bt higo 
               
               
                 Cry20Aa1 
                 AAB93476 
                 Lee &amp; Gill 
                 1997 
                 Bt fukuokaensis 
               
               
                 Cry20Ba1 
                 ACS93601 
                 Noguera &amp; Ibarra 
                 2009 
                 Bt higo LBIT-976 
               
               
                 Cry20-like 
                 GQ144333 
                 Yi et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt Y-5 
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry21Aa1 
                 I32932 
                 Payne et al 
                 1996 
                   
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry21Aa2 
                 I66477 
                 Feitelson 
                 1997 
                   
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry21Ba1 
                 BAC06484 
                 Sato &amp; Asano 
                 2002 
                 Bt roskildiensis 
               
               
                 Cry22Aa1 
                 I34547 
                 Payne et al 
                 1997 
                   
                 DNA sequence only 
               
               
                 Cry22Aa2 
                 CAD43579 
                 Isaac et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry22Aa3 
                 ACD93211 
                 Du et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt FZ-4 
               
               
                 Cry22Ab1 
                 AAK50456 
                 Baum et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt EG4140 
               
               
                 Cry22Ab2 
                 CAD43577 
                 Isaac et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry22Ba1 
                 CAD43578 
                 Isaac et al 
                 2002 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry23Aa1 
                 AAF76375 
                 Donovan et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt 
                 Binary with Cry37Aa1 
               
               
                 Cry24Aa1 
                 AAC61891 
                 Kawalek and Gill 
                 1998 
                 Bt jegathesan 
               
               
                 Cry24Ba1 
                 BAD32657 
                 Ohgushi et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt sotto 
               
               
                 Cry24Ca1 
                 CAJ43600 
                 Beron &amp; Salerno 
                 2005 
                 Bt FCC-41 
               
               
                 Cry25Aa1 
                 AAC61892 
                 Kawalek and Gill 
                 1998 
                 Bt jegathesan 
               
               
                 Cry26Aa1 
                 AAD25075 
                 Wojciechowska et 
                 1999 
                 Bt finitimus B- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 al 
                   
                 1166 
               
               
                 Cry27Aa1 
                 BAA82796 
                 Saitoh 
                 1999 
                 Bt higo 
               
               
                 Cry28Aa1 
                 AAD24189 
                 Wojciechowska et al 
                 1999 
                 Bt finitimus B- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 1161 
               
               
                 Cry28Aa2 
                 AAG00235 
                 Moore and Debro 
                 2000 
                 Bt finitimus 
               
               
                 Cry29Aa1 
                 CAC80985 
                 Delecluse et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt medellin 
               
               
                 Cry30Aa1 
                 CAC80986 
                 Delecluse et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt medellin 
               
               
                 Cry30Ba1 
                 BAD00052 
                 Ito et al 
                 2003 
                 Bt entomocidus 
               
               
                 Cry30Ca1 
                 BAD67157 
                 Ohgushi et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt sotto 
               
               
                 Cry30Ca2 
                 ACU24781 
                 Sun and Park 
                 2009 
                 Bt jegathesan 367 
               
               
                 Cry30Da1 
                 EF095955 
                 Shu et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt Y41 
                 No NCBI link July09 
               
               
                 Cry30Db1 
                 BAE80088 
                 Kishida et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt aizawai BUN1- 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 14 
               
               
                 Cry30Ea1 
                 ACC95445 
                 Fang et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt S2160-1 
               
               
                 Cry30Ea2 
                 FJ499389 
                 Jun et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt Ywc2-8 
                 No NCBI link July09 
               
               
                 Cry30Fa1 
                 ACI22625 
                 Tan et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt MC28 
               
               
                 Cry30Ga1 
                 ACG60020 
                 Zhu et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt HS18-1 
               
               
                 Cry31Aa1 
                 BAB11757 
                 Saitoh &amp; Mizuki 
                 2000 
                 Bt 84-HS-1-11 
               
               
                 Cry31Aa2 
                 AAL87458 
                 Jung and Cote 
                 2000 
                 Bt M15 
               
               
                 Cry31Aa3 
                 BAE79808 
                 Uemori et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt B0195 
               
               
                 Cry31Aa4 
                 BAF32571 
                 Yasutake et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt 79-25 
               
               
                 Cry31Aa5 
                 BAF32572 
                 Yasutake et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt 92-10 
               
               
                 Cry31Ab1 
                 BAE79809 
                 Uemori et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt B0195 
               
               
                 Cry31Ab2 
                 BAF32570 
                 Yasutake et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt 31-5 
               
               
                 Cry31Ac1 
                 BAF34368 
                 Yasutake et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt 87-29 
               
               
                 Cry32Aa1 
                 AAG36711 
                 Balasubramanian et 
                 2001 
                 Bt yunnanensis 
               
               
                   
                   
                 al 
               
               
                 Cry32Ba1 
                 BAB78601 
                 Takebe et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry32Ca1 
                 BAB78602 
                 Takebe et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry32Da1 
                 BAB78603 
                 Takebe et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry33Aa1 
                 AAL26871 
                 Kim et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt dakota 
               
               
                 Cry34Aa1 
                 AAG50341 
                 Ellis et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt PS80JJ1 
                 Binary with Cry35Aa1 
               
               
                 Cry34Aa2 
                 AAK64560 
                 Rupar et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt EG5899 
                 Binary with Cry35Aa2 
               
               
                 Cry34Aa3 
                 AAT29032 
                 Schnepf et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt PS69Q 
                 Binary with Cry35Aa3 
               
               
                 Cry34Aa4 
                 AAT29030 
                 Schnepf et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt PS185GG 
                 Binary with Cry35Aa4 
               
               
                 Cry34Ab1 
                 AAG41671 
                 Moellenbeck et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt PS149B1 
                 Binary with Cry35Ab1 
               
               
                 Cry34Ac1 
                 AAG50118 
                 Ellis et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt PS167H2 
                 Binary with Cry35Ac1 
               
               
                 Cry34Ac2 
                 AAK64562 
                 Rupar et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt EG9444 
                 Binary with Cry35Ab2 
               
               
                 Cry34Ac3 
                 AAT29029 
                 Schnepf et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt KR1369 
                 Binary with Cry35Ab3 
               
               
                 Cry34Ba1 
                 AAK64565 
                 Rupar et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt EG4851 
                 Binary with Cry35Ba1 
               
               
                 Cry34Ba2 
                 AAT29033 
                 Schnepf et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt PS201L3 
                 Binary with Cry35Ba2 
               
               
                 Cry34Ba3 
                 AAT29031 
                 Schnepf et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt PS201HH2 
                 Binary with Cry35Ba3 
               
               
                 Cry35Aa1 
                 AAG50342 
                 Ellis et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt PS80111 
                 Binary with Cry34Aa1 
               
               
                 Cry35Aa2 
                 AAK64561 
                 Rupar et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt EG5899 
                 Binary with Cry34Aa2 
               
               
                 Cry35Aa3 
                 AAT29028 
                 Schnepf et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt PS69Q 
                 Binary with Cry34Aa3 
               
               
                 Cry35Aa4 
                 AAT29025 
                 Schnepf et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt PS185GG 
                 Binary with Cry34Aa4 
               
               
                 Cry35Ab1 
                 AAG41672 
                 Moellenbeck et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt PS149B1 
                 Binary with Cry34Ab1 
               
               
                 Cry35Ab2 
                 AAK64563 
                 Rupar et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt EG9444 
                 Binary with Cry34Ac2 
               
               
                 Cry35Ab3 
                 AY536891 
                 AAT29024 
                 2004 
                 Bt KR1369 
                 Binary with Cry34Ab3 
               
               
                 Cry35Ac1 
                 AAG50117 
                 Ellis et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt PS167H2 
                 Binary with Cry34Ac1 
               
               
                 Cry35Ba1 
                 AAK64566 
                 Rupar et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt EG4851 
                 Binary with Cry34Ba1 
               
               
                 Cry35Ba2 
                 AAT29027 
                 Schnepf et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt PS201L3 
                 Binary with Cry34Ba2 
               
               
                 Cry35Ba3 
                 AAT29026 
                 Schnepf et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt PS201HH2 
                 Binary with Cry34Ba3 
               
               
                 Cry36Aa1 
                 AAK64558 
                 Rupar et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry37Aa1 
                 AAF76376 
                 Donovan et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt 
                 Binary with Cry23Aa 
               
               
                 Cry38Aa1 
                 AAK64559 
                 Rupar et al 
                 2000 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry39Aa1 
                 BAB72016 
                 Ito et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt aizawai 
               
               
                 Cry40Aa1 
                 BAB72018 
                 Ito et al 
                 2001 
                 Bt aizawai 
               
               
                 Cry40Ba1 
                 BAC77648 
                 Ito et al 
                 2003 
                 Bun1-14 
               
               
                 Cry40Ca1 
                 EU381045 
                 Shu et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt Y41 
                 No NCBI link July09 
               
               
                 Cry40Da1 
                 ACF15199 
                 Zhang et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt S2096-2 
               
               
                 Cry41Aa1 
                 BAD35157 
                 Yamashita et al 
                 2003 
                 Bt A1462 
               
               
                 Cry41Ab1 
                 BAD35163 
                 Yamashita et al 
                 2003 
                 Bt A1462 
               
               
                 Cry42Aa1 
                 BAD35166 
                 Yamashita et al 
                 2003 
                 Bt A1462 
               
               
                 Cry43Aa1 
                 BAD15301 
                 Yokoyama and 
                 2003 
                 
                   P. lentimorbus 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tanaka 
                   
                 
                   semadara 
                 
               
               
                 Cry43Aa2 
                 BAD95474 
                 Nozawa 
                 2004 
                 
                   P. popilliae 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   popilliae 
                 
               
               
                 Cry43Ba1 
                 BAD15303 
                 Yokoyama and 
                 2003 
                 
                   P. lentimorbus 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tanaka 
                   
                 
                   semadara 
                 
               
               
                 Cry43-like 
                 BAD15305 
                 Yokoyama and 
                 2003 
                 
                   P. lentimorbus 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tanaka 
                   
                 
                   semadara 
                 
               
               
                 Cry44Aa 
                 BAD08532 
                 Ito et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt entomocidus 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 INA288 
               
               
                 Cry45Aa 
                 BAD22577 
                 Okumura et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt 89-T-34-22 
               
               
                 Cry46Aa 
                 BAC79010 
                 Ito et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt dakota 
               
               
                 Cry46Aa2 
                 BAG68906 
                 Ishikawa et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt A1470 
               
               
                 Cry46Ab 
                 BAD35170 
                 Yamagiwa et al 
                 2004 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Cry47Aa 
                 AAY24695 
                 Kongsuwan et al 
                 2005 
                 Bt CAA890 
               
               
                 Cry48Aa 
                 CAJ18351 
                 Jones and Berry 
                 2005 
                 Bs IAB59 
                 binary with 49Aa 
               
               
                 Cry48Aa2 
                 CAJ86545 
                 Jones and Berry 
                 2006 
                 Bs 47-6B 
                 binary with 49Aa2 
               
               
                 Cry48Aa3 
                 CAJ86546 
                 Jones and Berry 
                 2006 
                 Bs NHA15b 
                 binary with 49Aa3 
               
               
                 Cry48Ab 
                 CAJ86548 
                 Jones and Berry 
                 2006 
                 Bs LP1G 
                 binary with 49Ab1 
               
               
                 Cry48Ab2 
                 CAJ86549 
                 Jones and Berry 
                 2006 
                 Bs 2173 
                 binary with 49Aa4 
               
               
                 Cry49Aa 
                 CAH56541 
                 Jones and Berry 
                 2005 
                 Bs IAB59 
                 binary with 48Aa 
               
               
                 Cry49Aa2 
                 CAJ86541 
                 Jones and Berry 
                 2006 
                 Bs 47-6B 
                 binary with 48Aa2 
               
               
                 Cry49Aa3 
                 CAJ86543 
                 Jones and Berry 
                 2006 
                 BsNHA15b 
                 binary with 48Aa3 
               
               
                 Cry49Aa4 
                 CAJ86544 
                 Jones and Berry 
                 2006 
                 Bs 2173 
                 binary with 48Ab2 
               
               
                 Cry49Ab1 
                 CAJ86542 
                 Jones and Berry 
                 2006 
                 Bs LP1G 
                 binary with 48Ab1 
               
               
                 Cry50Aa1 
                 BAE86999 
                 Ohgushi et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt sotto 
               
               
                 Cry51Aa1 
                 ABI14444 
                 Meng et al 
                 2006 
                 Bt F14-1 
               
               
                 Cry52Aa1 
                 EF613489 
                 Song et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt Y41 
                 No NCBI link July09 
               
               
                 Cry52Ba1 
                 FJ361760 
                 Jun et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt BM59-2 
                 No NCBI link July09 
               
               
                 Cry53Aa1 
                 EF633476 
                 Song et al 
                 2007 
                 Bt Y41 
                 No NCBI link July09 
               
               
                 Cry53Ab1 
                 FJ361759 
                 Jun et al 
                 2008 
                 Bt MC28 
                 No NCBI link July09 
               
               
                 Cry54Aa1 
                 ACA52194 
                 Tan et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt MC28 
               
               
                 Cry55Aa1 
                 ABW88931 
                 Guo et al 
                 2008 
                 YBT 1518 
               
               
                 Cry55Aa2 
                 AAE33526 
                 Bradfisch et al 
                 2000 
                 BT Y41 
               
               
                 Cry56Aa1 
                 FJ597621 
                 Jun &amp; Furong 
                 2008 
                 Bt Ywc2-8 
                 No NCBI link July09 
               
               
                 Cry56Aa2 
                 GQ483512 
                 Guan Peng et al 
                 2009 
                 Bt G7-1 
                 No NCBI link Aug09 
               
               
                 Cry57Aa1 
                 ANC87261 
                 Noguera &amp; Ibarra 
                 2009 
                 Bt kim 
               
               
                 Cry58Aa1 
                 ANC87260 
                 Noguera &amp; Ibarra 
                 2009 
                 Bt entomocidus 
               
               
                 Cry59Aa1 
                 ACR43758 
                 Noguera &amp; Ibarra 
                 2009 
                 Bt kim LBIT-980 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Vip3Aa1 
                 Vip3Aa 
                 AAC37036 
                 Estruch et al 
                 1996 
                 PNAS 93, 
                 AB88 
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5389-5394 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa2 
                 Vip3Ab 
                 AAC37037 
                 Estruch et al 
                 1996 
                 PNAS 93, 
                 AB424 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 5389-5394 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa3 
                 Vip3Ac 
                   
                 Estruch et al 
                 2000 
                 U.S. Pat. No. 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 6,137,033 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 October 2000 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa4 
                 PS36A Sup 
                 AAR81079 
                 Feitelson et al 
                 1998 
                 U.S. Pat. No. 
                 Bt PS36A 
                 WO9818932(A2, A3) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 6,656,908 
                   
                 7 May 1998 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 December 2003 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa5 
                 PS81F Sup 
                 AAR81080 
                 Feitelson et al 
                 1998 
                 U.S. Pat. No. 
                 Bt PS81F 
                 WO9818932(A2, A3) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 6,656,908 
                   
                 7 May 1998 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 December 2003 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa6 
                 Jav90 Sup 
                 AAR81081 
                 Feitelson et al 
                 1998 
                 U.S. Pat. No. 
                 Bt 
                 WO9818932(A2, A3) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 6,656,908 
                   
                 7 May 1998 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 December 2003 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa7 
                 Vip83 
                 AAK95326 
                 Cai et al 
                 2001 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt YBT-833 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa8 
                 Vip3A 
                 AAK97481 
                 Loguercio et al 
                 2001 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt HD125 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa9 
                 VipS 
                 CAA76665 
                 Selvapandiyan 
                 2001 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt A13 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 et al 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa10 
                 Vip3V 
                 AAN60738 
                 Doss et al 
                 2002 
                 Protein Expr. 
                 Bt 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Purif. 26, 82-88 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa11 
                 Vip3A 
                 AAR36859 
                 Liu et al 
                 2003 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt C9 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa12 
                 Vip3A-WB5 
                 AAM22456 
                 Wu and Guan 
                 2003 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa13 
                 Vip3A 
                 AAL69542 
                 Chen et al 
                 2002 
                 Sheng Wu 
                 Bt S184 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Gong Cheng 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Xue Bao 18, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 687-692 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa14 
                 Vip 
                 AAQ12340 
                 Polumetla et al 
                 2003 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt tolworthi 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa15 
                 Vip3A 
                 AAP51131 
                 Wu et al 
                 2004 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt WB50 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa16 
                 Vip3LB 
                 AAW65132 
                 Mesrati et al 
                 2005 
                 FEMS Micro 
                 Bt 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Lett 244, 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 353-358 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa17 
                 Jav90 
                   
                 Feitelson et al 
                 1999 
                 U.S. Pat. No. 
                 Javelin 1990 
                 WO9957282(A2, A3) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 6,603,063 
                   
                 11 Nov. 1999 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 August 2003 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa18 
                   
                 AAX49395 
                 Cai and Xiao 
                 2005 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt 9816C 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa19 
                 Vip3ALD 
                 DQ241674 
                 Liu et al 
                 2006 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt AL 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa19 
                 Vip3A-1 
                 DQ539887 
                 Hart et al 
                 2006 
                 unpublished 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa20 
                 Vip3A-2 
                 DQ539888 
                 Hart et al 
                 2006 
                 unpublished 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa21 
                 Vip 
                 ABD84410 
                 Panbangred 
                 2006 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt aizawai 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa22 
                 Vip3A-LS1 
                 AAY41427 
                 Lu et al 
                 2005 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt LS1 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa23 
                 Vip3A-LS8 
                 AAY43428 
                 Lu et al 
                 2005 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt LS8 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa24 
                   
                 BI 880913 
                 Song et al 
                 2007 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt WZ-7 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa25 
                   
                 EF608501 
                 Hsieh et al 
                 2007 
                 unpublished 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa26 
                   
                 EU294496 
                 Shen and Guo 
                 2007 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt TF9 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa27 
                   
                 EU332167 
                 Shen and Guo 
                 2007 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt 16 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa28 
                   
                 FJ494817 
                 Xiumei Yu 
                 2008 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt JF23-8 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa29 
                   
                 FJ626674 
                 Xieumei et al 
                 2009 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt JF21-1 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa30 
                   
                 FJ626675 
                 Xieumei et al 
                 2009 
                 unpublished 
                 MD2-1 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa31 
                   
                 FJ626676 
                 Xieumei et al 
                 2009 
                 unpublished 
                 JF21-1 
               
               
                 Vip3Aa32 
                   
                 FJ626677 
                 Xieumei et al 
                 2009 
                 unpublished 
                 MD2-1 
               
               
                 . 
                   
                   
                   
                 . 
               
               
                 Vip3Ab1 
                 Vip3B 
                 AAR40284 
                 Feitelson et al 
                 1999 
                 U.S. Pat. No. 
                 Bt KB59A4-6 
                 WO9957282(A2, A3) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 6,603,063 
                   
                 11 Nov. 1999 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 August 2003 
               
               
                 Vip3Ab2 
                 Vip3D 
                 AAY88247 
                 Feng and Shen 
                 2006 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 . 
                   
                   
                   
                 . 
               
               
                 Vip3Ac1 
                 PS49C 
                   
                 Narva et al 
                 . 
                 US application 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 20040128716 
               
               
                 . 
                   
                   
                   
                 . 
               
               
                 Vip3Ad1 
                 PS158C2 
                   
                 Narva et al 
                 . 
                 US application 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 20040128716 
               
               
                 Vip3Ad2 
                 ISP3B 
                 CAI43276 
                 Van Rie et al 
                 2005 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 . 
                   
                   
                   
                 . 
               
               
                 Vip3Ae1 
                 ISP3C 
                 CAI43277 
                 Van Rie et al 
                 2005 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 . 
                   
                   
                   
                 . 
               
               
                 Vip3Af1 
                 ISP3A 
                 CAI43275 
                 Van Rie et al 
                 2005 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 Vip3Af2 
                 Vip3C 
                 ADN08753 
                 Syngenta 
                 . 
                 WO 03/075655 
               
               
                 . 
                   
                   
                   
                 . 
               
               
                 Vip3Ag1 
                 Vip3B 
                 ADN08758 
                 Syngenta 
                 . 
                 WO 02/078437 
               
               
                 Vip3Ag2 
                   
                 FJ556803 
                 Audtho et al 
                 2008 
                   
                 Bt 
               
               
                 . 
                   
                   
                   
                 . 
               
               
                 Vip3Ah1 
                 Vip3S 
                 DQ832323 
                 Li and Shen 
                 2006 
                 unpublished 
                 Bt 
               
               
                 . 
               
               
                 Vip3Ba1 
                   
                 AAV70653 
                 Rang et al 
                 2004 
                 unpublished 
               
               
                 . 
               
               
                 Vip3Bb1 
                 Vip3Z 
                 ADN08760 
                 Syngenta 
                 . 
                 WO 03/075655 
               
               
                 Vip3Bb2 
                   
                 EF439819 
                 Akhurst et al 
                 2007