Abstract:
A reciprocating engine has at least one cylinder forming an inner chamber, at least one piston reciprocatingly movable in the inner chamber of the at least one cylinder, a unit for converting a reciprocating movement of the piston to move an outside object, a unit for reciprocatingly moving the at least one piston in the at least one cylinder the reciprocatingly moving unit including magnet elements with at least one electromagnet connected with the cylinder and at least another electromagnet connected with the piston, so that when a polarity of the magnet elements is changed, a magnetic interaction of the electromagnets with one another causes the reciprocating movement of the piston.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to reciprocating engines.  
           [0002]    More particularly it relates to reciprocating engines in which a reciprocating movement of the piston is performed under the action of a magnet cooperation between magnet means of the cylinder and the piston.  
           [0003]    Reciprocating engines of the above mentioned general type are known in the art. In the known reciprocating engines an electromagnet and a permanent magnet are utilized. By using the permanent magnet and the electromagnet, the maximum power is only achieved when they are matched in strength. When an electromagnet becomes weaker or stronger than the permanent magnet, the attraction and repulsion are not as efficient. Some of the solutions in the reciprocating engines are disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,436,425; 3,105,162; 4,523,114; 5,036,930; 5,219,034; 4,317,058; 5,592,036; and the European patent document EP 0596717. It is believed that the existing reciprocating engines of this type can be further improved.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a reciprocating engine which is a further improvement of the existing engines.  
           [0005]    In keeping with these objects and with others which will become apparent hereinafter, one feature of the present invention resides, briefly stated, in a reciprocating engine which has at least one cylinder forming an inner chamber; at least one piston reciprocatingly movable in said inner chamber of said at least one cylinder; means for converting a reciprocating movement of said piston to move an outside object; means for reciprocatingly moving said at least one piston in said at least one cylinder, said reciprocatingly moving means including electromagnet means with at least one electromagnet connected with said cylinder and at least another electromagnet connected with said piston, so that when a polarity of said magnet means is changed, a magnetic interaction of said electromagnets with one another causes said reciprocating movement of said piston.  
           [0006]    When the reciprocating engine is designed in accordance with the present invention the electromagnets of the cylinder and the piston are evenly matched in polarity and strength to apply a reciprocating force by reversing polarities to successively attract and repel the piston in the cylinder, which piston is connected to a crankshaft to produce a rotary power.  
           [0007]    In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the piston and the cylinder each have one electromagnet and the polarities are switched so that the electromagnet of the cylinder repels and then attracts the electromagnet of the piston.  
           [0008]    In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention the cylinder has two electromagnets located at opposite ends and the piston has also two electromagnets located at opposite sides, so that one electromagnet of the cylinder repels one electromagnet of the piston while the other electromagnet of the cylinder attracts the other electromagnet of the piston and vice versa.  
           [0009]    In accordance with still a further embodiment of the present invention the cylinder can have two electromagnets which are located opposite to one another, while the piston has only one electromagnet. The reciprocating movement of the piston is achieved by repelling the electromagnet of the piston with one electromagnet of the cylinder and attracting the electromagnet of the piston with the other electromagnet of the cylinder, and vice versa.  
           [0010]    In accordance with still a further feature of the present invention each cylinder can have two pistons with two electromagnets, connected with one another for joint reciprocating movement.  
           [0011]    In accordance with still a further feature of the present invention two cylinders can be provided with electromagnets, and two pistons provided with electromagnets can be connected with one another so that they jointly reciprocate in the two cylinders. Therefore if the magnetic system of one of the cylinders fails, the magnetic system of the other cylinder causes reciprocation of both pistons in both cylinders.  
           [0012]    In accordance with still a further feature of the present invention, air which is displaced under the piston moving in a predetermined direction is relieved to flow outside and to be used for various purposes, for example for cooling of the engine.  
           [0013]    The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the present invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1 is a view showing a reciprocating engine in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 2 is a view showing the inventive reciprocating engine in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 3 is a view showing the inventive reciprocating engine in accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIGS. 4 a - 4   d  are views showing the reciprocating engine in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention in four different positions;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 5 is a view showing the inventive reciprocating engine in accordance with an additional embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 6 shows a further modification of the inventive reciprocating engine.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0020]    A reciprocating engine in accordance with the present invention has at least one cylinder is identified as a whole with reference numeral  1  and limits an inner chamber. The reciprocating engine further has a piston which is identified with reference numeral  2  and reciprocates in the inner chamber of the cylinder  1 . For this purpose electromagnet means are provided in the inventive reciprocating engine. The electromagnet means include an electromagnet  3  which is immovably connected with the cylinder, for example with an upper wall of the cylinder, and an electromagnet  4  which is immovably connected with the piston,  2  for example with the upper surface of the piston. The piston  2  is connected with means for converting its reciprocating movement into a rotary movement. Such converting means can include a connecting rod  5  and a crankshaft  6 . Means  7  are further provided for switching a polarity of the electromagnets of the inventive reciprocating engine, which can be formed as known control means.  
         [0021]    The reciprocating engine in accordance with the present invention operates in the following manner:  
         [0022]    In the initial position shown in FIG. 1 the piston  2  is located in its upper position which is close to the upper wall of the cylinder  1 , and the electromagnet  3  and  4  have opposite polarities so that the electromagnet  4  of the piston  2  is attracted to the electromagnet  3  of the cylinder  1 . Then the polarity switching means  7  change the polarity of at least one of the electromagnets, for example of the electromagnet  4  of the piston  2 , so that the electromagnets  3  and  4  of the cylinder  1  and the piston  2  now have the same polarities. As a result the electromagnet  4  of the piston  2  will be repelled from the electromagnet  3  of the cylinder  1  and the piston  2  will move downwardly in FIG. 1. At the end of the stroke of the piston  2  downwardly, the polarity of the electromagnet  4  is changed again so that now the electromagnets  3  and  4  have different polarities. As a result the electromagnet  4  of the piston  2  is attracted to the electromagnet  3  of the cylinder  1  and the piston  2  is moved upwardly. This cycle repeats many times so as to provide a continuous reciprocating movement of the piston  2  in the cylinder  1 , which is converted through the connecting rods  5  and the crankshaft  6  into a rotary movement.  
         [0023]    The reciprocating engine in accordance with a second embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. The parts of this engine which are similar to the parts of the engine shown in FIG. 1 are identified with reference numerals which are increased by 10. In addition to the electromagnet  13  provided on the one end of the cylinder  11  and the electromagnet  14  provided on the one side of the piston  12 , the reciprocating engine has another electromagnet  17  provided on the opposite side of the piston  12  and another electromagnet  18  provided on the opposite end of the cylinder  11 . Thus, the reciprocating engine of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 has two pairs of the electromagnets. The reciprocating engine shown in FIG. 2 operates in the following manner. The polarities of the electromagnets are controlled so that when the electromagnet  13  of the cylinder  11  attracts the electromagnet  14  of the piston  12 , the electromagnet  18  at the opposite end of the cylinder  11  repels the electromagnet  17  at the opposite side of the piston  12 . Thereafter the polarities are reversed. Therefore the piston  12  is subjected to the repelling-attracting forces from both sides of the piston.  
         [0024]    Another embodiment of the reciprocating engine in accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. Here the piston  22  has only one electromagnet  29  while the cylinder  21  has two electromagnets  23  and  28  arranged at opposite ends of the cylinder. The polarities of the electromagnets are controlled so that the electromagnets  23  and  28  always have opposite polarities, and the electromagnet  29  of the piston  22  has a certain polarity. For example, the electromagnet  23  has the same polarity with the electromagnet  29  so as to repel the electromagnet  29  of the piston  22 , while the electromagnet  28  has an opposite polarity so as to attract the electromagnet  29  of the piston  22  and the piston moves downwardly in FIG. 3. Then the polarities are correspondingly switched, and the electromagnet  29  of the piston  22  is repelled from the electromagnet  28  and is attracted to the electromagnet  23  of the cylinder  21  to move upwardly.  
         [0025]    It is to be understood that switching of the polarities can be performed in different ways. In particular, it is possible to switch the polarity of the electromagnet (electromagnets) exclusively on the cylinder, or to switch the electromagnet (electromagnets) exclusively on the piston, or both.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIGS. 4 a - 4   d  show another modification of the inventive reciprocating engine in which two pistons  32  move in one cylinder  31  and are connected with one another by a connecting rod or pin  35 . Each piston, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2 has two electromagnets  34  and  37  provided on its opposite sides, and the cylinder has electromagnets  33  and  38  provided on its opposite ends. By switching of the corresponding polarities, the electromagnets of both pistons are simultaneously repelled from the electromagnets at one end of the cylinder and are attracted by the electromagnets at the other end of the cylinder to perform a stroke in one direction, and thereafter the polarity is switched so as to perform the stroke in the opposite direction. In FIG. 4 a  the electromagnets  34  of the pistons  32  are close to the electromagnets  33  at the upper end of the cylinder  31  before switching a polarity, and then when the polarity is switched the pistons move downwardly. In the position shown in FIG. 4 b  the electromagnets  37  of the pistons  32  are attracted to the electromagnets  38  at the lower end of the cylinder. In the position shown in FIG. 4 c  the polarity is switched so that the electromagnets  37  of the pistons  32  are repelled from the electromagnets  38  at the lower end of the cylinder  31 . In the position shown in FIG. 4 d  the electromagnet  34  again reach the position in which they are close to the electromagnets  33  of the upper end of the cylinder  31 . In this embodiment the connecting rod or pin  35  is connected to the crankshaft.  
         [0027]    The reciprocating engine in accordance with the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 has two cylinders which are identified with reference numerals  41  and two pistons  42  reciprocating in the corresponding cylinders  41 . The pistons  42  are connected with one another by a connecting rod or pin  45 . The operation of the reciprocating engine shown in FIG. 5 is substantially similar to the operation of the reciprocating piston shown in FIGS. 4 a - 4   d.  Both pistons  42  have electromagnets  44 ,  47  at their opposite sides, and both cylinders  41  have electromagnets  43 ,  48  at their opposite ends. The electromagnets at one end of the both cylinders  41  repel the electromagnets of both pistons  42 , while the electromagnets at the opposite end of the cylinders  41  attract the electromagnets of the pistons  42 , and thereafter the polarity is switched, to provide a continuous reciprocating movement of the pistons  42  in two cylinders. This construction has the advantage that if the electromagnet means in one cylinder failed, both pistons still will perform the reciprocating movement as long as the electromagnet means in the other cylinder operate in a normal manner.  
         [0028]    The polarity switching means can operate in response to sensing a position of the piston, related elements for example a position of the crankshaft. For this purpose a sensor  9  can be associated with the crankshaft  6  as shown in FIG. 1. It senses a position of the crankshaft  6  and sends the signal to the polarity switching means  7 , so as to switch the polarity. It is to be understood that sensing means can be associated with other movable parts of the piston-connecting rod-crankshaft assembly.  
         [0029]    In accordance with the present invention, means  10 ,  10 ′ can be provided for releasing air displaced by the piston during a corresponding stroke. This air releasing means can be formed as corresponding openings. When the piston moves in a certain direction, air in front of the piston is displaced and expelled through the respective opening. This air can be used for cooling corresponding parts of the engine.  
         [0030]    Means can be provided for controlling the power and timing of the electromagnets, and the output power, so that the output power of the engine can be controlled with great precision. The timing can be controlled either mechanically or by a computerized timing device.  
         [0031]    In the inventive reciprocating engine, a gap can be left at the end of a stroke of the piston so that no damage can occur to the electromagnets by their contact with one another. The gaps should be adjustable for the purpose of maximizing the power.  
         [0032]    The electromagnets mounted on the pistons can be energized for example by contact strips embedded in the cylinder wall, transferring power through a brush to the electromagnets, as shown schematically in FIG. 1 and identified with reference numeral  8 .  
         [0033]    It is to be understood that electromagnets can be formed in many different ways. For example as shown in FIG. 6, each electromagnet can have several pole regions, such as N,S,N . . . etc.  
         [0034]    It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the types described above.  
         [0035]    While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in reciprocating engine, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.  
         [0036]    Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.