Abstract:
A semiconductor device adopting shallow trench isolation for reducing an internal stress of a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device is composed of a semiconductor substrate provided with a trench for isolation, and an insulating film formed to cover the trench for relaxing an internal stress of the semiconductor substrate. The insulating film includes a first portion disposed to be opposed to a bottom of the trench, and a second portion disposed to be opposed to a side of the trench. A first thickness of the first portion is different from a second thickness of the second portion.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a method of fabricating the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a semiconductor device using shallow trench isolation.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    Highly integrated semiconductor devices often adopt shallow trench isolation. Isolation has been conventionally achieved by a LOCOS (Local Oxidation of Silicon) technique. However, the LOCOS technique has difficulties in fabricating highly integrated semiconductor devices, such as bird&#39;s beaks and poor isolation abilities. This situation encourages the adoption of the shallow trench isolation.  
           [0005]    [0005]FIG. 1 shows a conventional structure of a semiconductor devices using shallow trench isolation. A trench  102  is formed on a silicon substrate  101 . The inner surface of the trench  102  is coated by a silicon oxide film  103  formed by thermal oxidization. A liner  104  made of silicon nitride is formed on the silicon oxide film  103 . A silicon oxide film  105  is formed on the liner  104  to fill the trench  102 .  
           [0006]    The liner  104  relaxes the interior stress induced in the silicon substrate  101 . The shallow trench isolation causes the interior stress to be applied to the silicon substrate  101 , because of the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the silicon substrate  101  and the silicon oxide film  105 . The stress applied to the silicon substrate  101  induces crystal defects in the silicon substrate, and thus increases junction leak currents. The increase in the junction leak currents causes improper operations of semiconductor devices. The relaxation of the internal stress by the liner  104  reduces the junction leak current and thus improves the reliability of the semiconductor device.  
           [0007]    It is desired that the internal stress of the semiconductor substrate be further reduced. The reduction of the internal stress efficiently improves the reliability of the semiconductor device.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for further reducing the internal stress applied to the semiconductor substrate of the semiconductor device in which the shallow trench isolation is employed.  
           [0009]    In an aspect of the present invention, a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate provided with a trench for isolation, and an insulating film formed to cover the trench for relaxing an internal stress of the semiconductor substrate. The insulating film includes a first portion opposed to a bottom of the trench, and a second portion opposed to a side of the trench. A first thickness of the first portion is different from a second thickness of the second portion.  
           [0010]    The first thickness of the first portion may be thinner than the second thickness of the second portion.  
           [0011]    When the semiconductor device further includes another insulating film in the trench and the other insulating film exerts a compressive stress on the semiconductor substrate, the insulating film preferably exerts a tensile stress on said semiconductor substrate.  
           [0012]    The insulating film is preferably formed of one selected from a group consisting of silicon nitride and silicon oxinitride.  
           [0013]    In another aspect of the present invention, a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate provided with a trench for isolation, and an insulating film formed to cover the trench for relaxing an internal stress of the semiconductor substrate. The insulating film is opposed to a side of the trench and is not opposed to a bottom of the trench.  
           [0014]    In still another aspect of the present invention, a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate provided with a trench for isolation, a silicon oxide film formed to cover the trench, and an insulating film formed on the silicon oxide film. The insulating film exerts a tensile stress on the semiconductor substrate. The insulating film includes a first portion opposed to a bottom of the trench, and a second portion opposed to a side of the trench. A first thickness of the first portion is thinner than a second thickness of the second portion.  
           [0015]    In still another aspect of the present invention, a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate provided with a trench for isolation, a silicon oxide film formed to cover the trench, and an insulating film formed on the silicon oxide film. The insulating film exerts a tensile stress on the semiconductor substrate. The insulating film is opposed to a side of the trench and is not opposed to a bottom of the trench.  
           [0016]    In still another aspect of the present invention, a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate provided with a trench for isolation, a silicon oxide film formed to cover the trench, and an insulating film disposed on the silicon oxide film. The insulating film is formed of one selected from a group consisting of silicon nitride and silicon oxinitride. The insulating film includes a first portion opposed to a bottom of the trench, and a second portion opposed to a side of the trench. A first thickness of the first portion is thinner than a second thickness of the second portion.  
           [0017]    In still another aspect of the present invention, a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate provided with a trench for isolation, a silicon oxide film formed to cover the trench, and an insulating film disposed on the silicon oxide film. The insulating film is formed of one selected from a group consisting of silicon nitride and silicon oxinitride. The insulating film is opposed to a side of the trench and is not opposed to a bottom of the trench.  
           [0018]    In still another aspect of the present invention, a method of fabricating a semiconductor device is composed of:  
           [0019]    forming a trench for isolation in the semiconductor substrate;  
           [0020]    forming an insulating film to cover the trench for relaxing an internal stress of the silicon substrate. The insulating film includes a first portion opposed to a bottom of the trench, and a second portion opposed to a side of the trench. The first thickness of the first portion is different from a second thickness of the second portion. The first thickness of the first portion may be thinner than the second thickness of the second portion.  
           [0021]    In still another aspect of the present invention, a method for fabricating a semiconductor device is composed of:  
           [0022]    forming a trench for isolation in a semiconductor substrate;  
           [0023]    forming an insulating film to cover the trench for relaxing an internal stress of the silicon substrate, wherein the insulating film is opposed to a side of the trench and is not opposed to a bottom of the trench.  
           [0024]    In still another aspect of the present invention, a method for fabricating a semiconductor device is composed of:  
           [0025]    forming a trench for isolation in a semiconductor substrate;  
           [0026]    forming a silicon oxide film to cover the trench; and  
           [0027]    forming an insulating film on the silicon oxide film, wherein the insulating film exerts a compressive stress on the silicon substrate. The insulating film includes a first portion opposed to a bottom of the trench, and a second portion opposed to a side of the trench. A first thickness of the first portion is thinner than a second thickness of the second portion.  
           [0028]    In still another aspect of the present invention, a method for fabricating a semiconductor device is composed of:  
           [0029]    forming a trench for isolation in a semiconductor substrate;  
           [0030]    forming a silicon oxide film to cover the trench;  
           [0031]    forming an insulating film on the silicon oxide film. The insulating film is opposed to a side of the trench and is not opposed to a bottom of the trench.  
           [0032]    In still another aspect of the present invention, a method for fabricating a semiconductor device is composed of:  
           [0033]    forming a trench for isolation in a semiconductor substrate;  
           [0034]    forming a silicon oxide film to cover the trench; and  
           [0035]    forming an insulating film on the silicon oxide film. The insulating film is formed of one selected from a group consisting of silicon nitride and silicon oxinitride. The insulating film includes a first portion opposed to a bottom of the trench, and a second portion opposed to a side of the trench. A first thickness of the first portion is different from a second thickness of the second portion.  
           [0036]    In still another aspect of the present invention, a method for fabricating a semiconductor device is composed of:  
           [0037]    forming a trench for isolation in a semiconductor substrate;  
           [0038]    forming a silicon oxide film to cover the trench; and  
           [0039]    forming an insulating film on the silicon oxide film. The insulating film is formed of one selected from a group consisting of silicon nitride and silicon oxinitride. The insulating film is opposed to a side of the trench and is not opposed to a bottom of the trench.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0040]    [0040]FIG. 1 shows a conventional semiconductor device adopting shallow trench isolation;  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 2 shows a semiconductor device in an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 3 shows internal stresses exerted on a silicon substrate;  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 4 shows a modification of the semiconductor device in the embodiment; and  
         [0044]    FIGS.  5  to  12  are section views showing a fabrication process of the semiconductor device in the embodiment. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0045]    An embodiment of a semiconductor apparatus according to the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described below with reference to the attached drawings.  
         [0046]    In an embodiment of the semiconductor device according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, a trench  2  is formed on a silicon substrate  1 . An inner surface of the trench  2  is coated by a silicon oxide film  3 . The silicon oxide film  3  is coated by a liner  4 . A silicon oxide film  5  is formed on the liner  4 . The trench  2  is filled with the silicon oxide film  3 , the liner  4  and the silicon oxide film  5 .  
         [0047]    The liner  4  is formed of an insulating film that has a compressive internal stress. The silicon oxide films  3 ,  5  have the tensile internal stresses, and thus exerts compression stresses on the silicon substrate  1 . The liner  4 , which has a compressive internal stress, exerts a tensile stress on the silicon substrate  1 , and thus relaxes the internal stress of the silicon substrate  1 . The liner  4  is preferably formed of silicon nitride or silicon oxinitride.  
         [0048]    The liner  4  includes a bottom portion that is opposed to the bottom surface  2   a  of the trench  2 , and a side portion that is opposed to the side surface  2   b  of the trench  2 . A film thickness X of the bottom portion of the liner  4  is thinner than a film thickness Y of the side portion of the liner  4 . This structure further reduces the internal stress of the silicon substrate  1 . The inventor has discovered that an internal stress of the silicon substrate  1  in the vicinity of the bottom  2   a  of the trench  2  is weaker than that in the vicinity of the side  2   b  of the trench  2 . The difference in the film thicknesses of the bottom and side portions causes the different stresses on the vicinity of the bottom surface  2   a  and side surface  2   b , and effectively reduces the internal stress of the silicon substrate  1 .  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 3 shows the internal stresses of the silicon substrate  1  at positions A and B indicated by the circles in FIG. 2. The position A is located near the bottom surface  2   a  of the trench  2 , and the position B is located near the side of the trench  2 . The internal stresses of the silicon substrate  1  are measured by a convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) method.  
         [0050]    Three samples have been fabricated; a first sample has a structure in which the liner  4  is excluded from the structure shown in FIG. 2, a second sample has a structure in which the liner  4  is conformal or uniform in thickness, and a third sample has the structure shown in FIG. 2. A line  11  in FIG. 3 represents the internal stresses of the silicon substrate without the liner  4 . A line  12  represents the internal stresses of the silicon substrate  1  when the liner  4  is uniform in the film thickness. A line  13  represents the internal stresses of the silicon substrate  1  in the semiconductor device having the structure shown in FIG. 2.  
         [0051]    In regard to the case that the film thickness of the liner  4  is uniform, the internal stress of the silicon substrate  1  is weak at the position B as indicated by the line  12 . However, the considerably strong tensile stress is applied to the silicon substrate  1  at the position A, which is located near the bottom plane of the trench  2 . This implies that the uniform liner  4  exerts the excessive tensile stress on the silicon substrate  1  at the position A.  
         [0052]    The line  13  implies that the structure in which the film thickness X of the bottom portion of the liner  4  is thinner than the film thickness Y of the side portion remarkably reduces the internal stress of the silicon substrate  1  at the position A. The thinner film thickness of the bottom portion prevents an excessive tensile stress from being exerted on the silicon substrate  1 .  
         [0053]    With reference to FIG. 2, the film thickness X of the bottom portion of the liner  4  is adjusted on the basis of the internal stress applied to the silicon substrate  1 . It should be noted that the adjusted film thickness X of the bottom portion might be zero as shown in FIG. 4. That is, the liner  4  may be designed such that the liner  4  is not opposed to the bottom surface  2   a  of the trench  2 .  
         [0054]    The method of fabricating the semiconductor device shown in FIG. 2 will be described below.  
         [0055]    As shown in FIG. 5, the surface of the silicon substrate  1  is thermally oxidized to thereby form a sacrificed oxide film  6 . A film thickness of the sacrificed oxide film  6  is typically 10 to 20 nm.  
         [0056]    A silicon nitride film  7  is then formed on the sacrificed oxide film  6 , as shown in FIG. 6. A film thickness of the silicon nitride film  7  is typically 100 to 200 nm.  
         [0057]    After the formation of the silicon nitride film  7 , as shown in FIG. 7, the sacrificed oxide film  6  and the silicon nitride film  7  are patterned by an etching technique, which is well known in the art. The silicon substrate  1  is then etched to form the trench  2  by using the patterned sacrificed oxide film  6  and silicon nitride film  7  as a mask.  
         [0058]    After the formation of the trench  2 , the inner surface of the trench  2  is thermally oxidized to thereby form the silicon oxide film  3 . A film thickness of the silicon oxide film  3  is typically 10 to 30 nm.  
         [0059]    A silicon nitride film  8  is then formed to cover the entire structure as shown in FIG. 8. The silicon nitride film  8  is exemplarily formed by using an LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition) method. A film thickness of the silicon nitride film  8  is substantially uniform, and is typically 3 to 10 nm. The silicon nitride film  8  is formed in the conditions that the formed silicon nitride film  8  has the compressive internal stress. The other insulation film having a compressive internal stress may be used instead of the silicon nitride film  8 . For example, a silicon oxide nitride film may be formed instead of the silicon nitride film  8 .  
         [0060]    After the formation of the silicon nitride film  8 , as shown in FIG. 9, the silicon nitride film  8  is anisotropically etched in the direction perpendicular to the major surface of the silicon substrate  1 . A bottom portion of the silicon nitride film  8 , which is opposed to the bottom surface  2   a , is partially removed. This causes the film thickness of the bottom portion of the silicon nitride film  8  to be thinner than that of the side portion opposed to the side  2   b  of the trench  2 . It should be noted that the bottom portion of the silicon nitride film  8  might be totally removed to form the structure shown in FIG. 4. The etching of the silicon nitride film  8  may be executed by the physical etching such as ion milling or the physical and chemical etching.  
         [0061]    A silicon oxide film  9  is then formed to cover the entire structure by using a CVD method as shown in FIG. 10. The trench  2  is totally filled with the silicon oxide film  9 .  
         [0062]    After the formation of the silicon oxide film  9 , as shown in FIG. 11, a portion of the silicon oxide film  9  outside the trench  2  is removed to expose the surface of the silicon nitride film  8 . The partial removal of the silicon oxide film  9  is achieved by a CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) method. The silicon nitride film  8  and the silicon nitride film  7  function as stoppers during the CMP process.  
         [0063]    The silicon substrate  1  is then processed by heated phosphoric acid to remove the silicon nitride film  7  and a portion of the silicon nitride film  8  outside the trench  2  as shown in FIG. 12. The remaining portion of the silicon nitride film  8  constitutes the liner  4 .  
         [0064]    The silicon substrate  1  is then processed by hydrofluoric acid to remove the sacrificed oxide film  6  and a portion of the silicon oxide film  9  outside the trench  2 . The removal of the sacrificed oxide film  6  and the portion of the silicon oxide film  9  completes the formation of the structure shown in FIG. 2 (or, FIG. 4). MOS transistors and other elements are then formed on the silicon substrate  1  to fabricate an LSI (Large Scale Integrated circuit).  
         [0065]    As described, the semiconductor device in this embodiment has the structure in which the film thickness X of the bottom portion of the liner  4  is thinner than the film thickness Y of the side portion, or the film thickness X of the bottom portion is zero. This structure effectively reduces the internal stress of the silicon substrate  1 .  
         [0066]    Although the invention has been described in its preferred form with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure of the preferred form has been changed in the details of construction and the combination and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed.