Abstract:
A bifurcated inlet scoop frame for a gas turbine engine and method of using such frame for a gas turbine engine are disclosed. The bifurcated inlet scoop frame may include a nose, a first side panel, and a second side panel. The first side panel and the nose may define a first inlet port. The second side panel and the nose may define a second inlet port. The method may comprise providing a bifurcated inlet scoop frame, splitting the fan air flow, and receiving fan air through the bifurcated inlet scoop frame.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a non-provisional application claiming the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/708,557 filed on Oct. 1, 2012. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    This disclosure relates to inlets configured to intake air exiting a fan of a gas turbine engine, and more particularly to a scoop frame structure including such an inlet. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    For aircraft utilizing gas turbine engines, such as turbofan engines and the like, air exiting a fan of the engine may flow from the fan into the compressor of the engine. That air is then compressed and directed to a combustor of the engine where it is combined with fuel and ignited. The product of that combustion is then directed to a turbine section of the engine to cause rotation of same. As the turbine section is mounted on the same shaft or shafts as the compressor and fan, all rotate and the process is continued. 
         [0004]    However, some of such air exiting the fan may bypass or go around the compressor. For the purposes of the discussion herein, this fan flow stream that bypasses the engine will be referred to as “bypass air.” Moreover, the percentage of air bypassing the compressor relative to the percentage of air entering the compressor is referred to as the “bypass ratio.” 
         [0005]    In addition, a portion of this fan air may be captured by an inlet port in a scoop frame generally disposed on the nacelle of the engine and may flow from the inlet of the scoop through one or more ducts or valves to apparatus such as a pre-cooler, heat exchanger, or the like for further use. For example, the captured fan air may be used by the Environmental Control Air Conditioning System (ECS) for cooling of bleed air from the engine for circulation in the aircraft cabin. It may also be used by the Wing Anti-icing System (WAIS) for de-icing of the aircraft wings. Other uses may include cooling of engine oil, fuel, or the like by a heat exchanger located downstream of the scoop frame capturing the extracted fan air. 
         [0006]    The fan air ideally flows around a nacelle upper bifurcation in a smooth, streamlined manner to yield low pressure loss in the fan duct stream. The inlet scoop frame may be located at the leading edge of the nacelle upper bifurcation in an attempt to capture the fan air with the highest possible fan air pressure. The inlet scoop frame typically has a single frontal opening generally sized to intake fan air at the maximum fan flow extraction condition, while still allowing a smooth, streamlined fan air flow around the nacelle upper bifurcation. This maximum fan flow extraction condition, typically considered the design point for the inlet scoop, is often associated with aircraft icing conditions at a specific aircraft holding altitude, flight speed and engine power setting. 
         [0007]    On the other hand, the aircraft flight at non-icing conditions, and other flight altitudes, flight speeds and engine power settings such as take-off, idle, and climb, are normally considered as off-design points requiring less fan air extraction. Such off-design points may require fan air extraction that is not only less than that at the design point but that may also range down to near zero flow rate at the aircraft takeoff phase. At these off-design points, when the intake of the fan air into the inlet port of the scoop frame is relatively low, flow separation and spillage at the inlet scoop may occur and may result in high turbulence to the fan air stream. Consequently pressure loss to the fan stream at the nacelle nozzle exit may result. 
         [0008]    In light of the above, it can be seen that nacelle fan air stream performance penalties may occur under various fan air flow extraction rates because of the flow separation and disturbances to the fan air flow stream. Nacelle fan airstream performance penalties are equivalent to increases in the aircraft fuel burn at cruise and a decrease in the available aircraft takeoff thrust. A better design is therefore needed for the scoop frame to minimize flow separation and spillage at off-design points. 
       SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0009]    In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a bifurcated inlet scoop frame for a gas turbine engine is disclosed. The bifurcated inlet scoop frame includes a nose, a first side panel, and a second side panel. The first side panel and the nose may define a first inlet port. The second side panel and the nose may define a second inlet port. 
         [0010]    In a refinement, the first inlet port may have a throat width sized to a fan air flow extraction from a fan air stream at an aircraft design point. 
         [0011]    In a further refinement, the first inlet port may have a throat width sized to capture about half of the maximum amount of fan air flow rate required to cool a first amount of engine bleed air to be used for air circulation within a cabin of an aircraft and a second amount of engine bleed air to be used for de-icing a portion of the aircraft. 
         [0012]    In another refinement, the nose may be generally tear-shaped. 
         [0013]    In yet another refinement, the height of the inlet port may be configured to capture the maximum fan air flow extraction from a main fan stream with an above-average total pressure distribution across a fan flow channel span. 
         [0014]    In another refinement, the first side panel may have a sloped skirt. 
         [0015]    In another aspect, a bifurcated inlet scoop system for a gas turbine engine is disclosed. The system may comprise a gas turbine engine, and a bifurcated inlet scoop frame proximate the gas turbine engine. The bifurcated inlet scoop frame may include a nose, a first side panel, and a second side panel. The first side panel and the nose may define a first inlet port. The second side panel and the nose may define a second inlet port. The first and second side panels may taper outward from the nose. 
         [0016]    In a refinement, the first inlet port may have a first throat width sized to a fan air flow extraction from a fan air stream at an aircraft design point. 
         [0017]    In a further refinement, the first throat width may be also sized to capture about half of the maximum amount of fan air flow rate required to cool a first amount of engine bleed air to be used for air circulation within a cabin of an aircraft and a second amount of engine bleed air to be used for de-icing a portion of the aircraft. 
         [0018]    In a further refinement, the second inlet port may have a second throat width sized to a fan air flow extraction from a fan air stream at an aircraft design point. 
         [0019]    In yet a further refinement, the second throat width may be also sized to capture about half of the maximum amount of fan air flow required to cool the first amount of engine bleed air to be used for air cabin circulation and the second amount of engine bleed air to be used for de-icing the portion of the aircraft. 
         [0020]    In another refinement, the nose may be generally tear-shaped. 
         [0021]    In another refinement, the height of the inlet port may be configured to capture the maximum fan air flow extraction from a main fan stream with an above-average total pressure distribution across a fan flow channel span. 
         [0022]    In another refinement, the first side panel may have a sloped skirt. 
         [0023]    In another refinement, the first inlet port may have a sloped inlet portion. 
         [0024]    A method is also disclosed for bifurcating air received from a fan of a gas turbine engine. The method may comprise providing a bifurcated inlet scoop frame proximate the gas turbine engine, splitting the fan air flow, and receiving aircraft fan air through the bifurcated inlet scoop frame. The bifurcated inlet scoop frame may include a nose, a first side panel, and a second side panel. The first side panel and the nose may define a first inlet port. The second side panel and the nose may define a second inlet port. The first and second side panels may taper outward from the nose. 
         [0025]    In a refinement, the first inlet port may have a throat width sized to a fan air flow extraction from a fan air stream at an aircraft design point. 
         [0026]    In a further refinement, the method may further comprise capturing about half of the maximum amount of fan air flow required to cool a first amount of engine bleed air to be used for air circulation within a cabin of an aircraft and a second amount of engine bleed air to be used for de-icing a portion of the aircraft. 
         [0027]    In another refinement, the method may further comprise receiving in the first inlet port the maximum fan air flow extraction from a main fan stream with an above-average total pressure distribution across a fan flow channel span. 
         [0028]    In another refinement, the nose may be generally tear-shaped. 
         [0029]    These and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will be better understood upon reading the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0030]      FIG. 1  is a sectional view of a gas turbine engine constructed in accordance with the present disclosure; 
           [0031]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a bifurcated inlet scoop frame constructed in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure; 
           [0032]      FIG. 3  is another perspective view of the bifurcated inlet scoop frame of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0033]      FIG. 4  is another perspective view of the bifurcated inlet scoop frame of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0034]      FIG. 5  is another perspective view of the bifurcated inlet scoop frame of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0035]      FIG. 6  is another perspective view of the bifurcated inlet scoop frame of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0036]      FIG. 7  is a fragmentary view of the bifurcated inlet scoop frame; 
           [0037]      FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a bifurcated inlet scoop frame of  FIG. 2  mounted on a portion of an aircraft proximate the gas turbine engine; and 
           [0038]      FIG. 9  is a schematic illustrating the flow of the portion of the fan air received by the first and second inlet ports of the bifurcated inlet scoop frame. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0039]    Referring now to the drawings, and with specific reference to  FIG. 1 , a gas turbine engine constructed in accordance with the present disclosure is generally referred to by reference numeral  20 . As shown therein, the gas turbine engine  20  may include a fan  24 , a compressor section  26 , a combustor  28 , and a turbine section  30  axially aligned along longitudinal axis  22 . Moreover, it can be seen that the fan  24 , compressor  26 , and turbine  30  are all mounted on the same shaft  32 , or in the case of dual-spool engines as shown having primary and secondary compressors and turbines, shafts  32  and  34  which are concentrically mounted. As also shown in  FIG. 1 , air may enter the engine  20  along airstream arrow  36  as working air and continue into the compressor  24  before being compressed and directed to the combustor  26 . In the combustor, the compressed air is combined with fuel and combusted. The resulting hot and expanding combustor gases are then directed to the turbine section  28  before exiting the engine  20  as exhaust. Concurrent with working airstream  36 , however, a larger portion of air exits the fan  22  as bypass air along bypass airstream arrow  38 . The ratio of bypass air to working air is known as the bypass ratio. 
         [0040]    While effective, the present disclosure improves upon the prior art by, among other things, providing a bifurcated inlet scoop or frame  100  as shown best in  FIGS. 2-8 . As will be described in further detail herein, the inlet scoop  100  allows for a maximum corrected air flow rate required for precooler operation, while incurring less fan stream flow disturbance at high altitude or take-off, and delivering the targeted total pressure at the fan air valve inlet to the precooler. 
         [0041]    As can be best seen in  FIGS. 2-6 , the bifurcated frame  100  comprises a nose  102 , a first side panel  104  and a second side panel  106  ( FIGS. 5-6 ). The nose  102  and the first side panel  104  ( FIGS. 2-5 ) may define a first inlet port  108  disposed at the entrance to a first channel  118  (see  FIG. 7 ). The nose  102  and the second side panel  106  may define a second inlet port  110  ( FIGS. 5-6 ) disposed at the entrance to a second channel  116  ( FIG. 7 ). As best seen in  FIG. 7 , the first and second channels  116 ,  118  each extend into an inner cavity  120  disposed within the bifurcated inlet scoop frame  100 . 
         [0042]    The nose  102  may be an elongated structure. In one embodiment, the nose  102  may be attached to, or mounted on, the first and second side panels  104 ,  106  ( FIGS. 2-6 ). In another embodiment, the nose  102  may be integral with the first and second side panels  104 ,  106 . 
         [0043]    The exterior surface of the nose may have a leading edge  112 . In one embodiment, the leading edge  112  may be generally rounded. Other more angular geometries for the leading edge are contemplated as well. In one embodiment, such as that shown in  FIGS. 2-8 , the nose  102  may include a generally straight nose portion  126  and a sloped nose portion  128 . In other embodiments, the leading edge  112  (and nose  102 ) may extend from the top  122  of the frame  100  to the bottom  124  of the frame  100  in a generally straight manner without the slope seen in  FIGS. 2-6 . 
         [0044]    As can been seen in the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 2 , the nose  102  may, in some embodiments, be generally teardrop shaped to aerodynamically diffuse the intake air. The teardrop length L may vary depending on the height, H (see  FIG. 3 ) and throat width, T, (see  FIG. 3 ) of each of the first and second inlet ports  108 ,  110  and the degree of downstream flow diffusion desired in an application. Flow diffusion may generally occur near the intersection of the first and second channels  116 ,  118  ( FIG. 2 ) and the inner cavity  120 . 
         [0045]    Similar to the nose  102 , each of the first and second side panels  104 ,  106  ( FIG. 4 ) may extend from the top  122  of the frame  100  to the bottom  124  of the frame. In one embodiment, the first and second side panels  104 ,  106  may each be oriented at an angle to the nose  102  such that each of the first and second side panels  104 ,  106  tapers outward from the nose  102 . In such an embodiment, the bifurcated inlet scoop frame  100  may be generally wedge shaped in order to aerodynamically increase the flow area toward downstream and to diffuse the air to recover the dynamic head into the pressure. In another embodiment, the first and second side panels  104 ,  106  may extend radially outward. As shown in the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 2-6 , each of the first and second side panels  104 ,  106  may include a panel  130  and a sloped skirt  132 . The skirt  132  is not limited to a sloped geometry. For example, in an embodiment, the side panels  104 ,  106  may extend from the top  122  to the bottom  124  of the frame in a generally straight manner. 
         [0046]    The shape of the perimeter of the first and second inlet port openings  108 ,  110  may vary according to the application. For example, the shape of the first and second inlet ports  116 ,  118  may be generally rectangular, oblong, or may follow the general shape of the side panels  104 ,  106 . As seen in the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 5 , each of the first and second inlet ports  108 ,  110  have a generally sloped inlet portion  136  disposed in the (sloped) skirt  132  of the first and second side panels  104 ,  106 . 
         [0047]    The height, H, ( FIG. 2 ) and the throat width, T, ( FIG. 4 ) may vary depending on engine and aircraft parameters. In one embodiment, the height, H, may be sized to substantially capture the maximum fan air flow extraction from the main or bypass fan air stream (generated by the fan  24  ( FIG. 9 ) on a given aircraft  152  upstream from the bifurcated inlet scoop frame  100 ) with an above-average total pressure distribution across the fan flow channel span. The fan flow channel span is the radial span of the fan stream. 
         [0048]    In addition, the throat width, T, ( FIG. 4 ) of each of the first and second inlet ports  108 ,  110 , may be substantially sized to a fan air flow extraction from the fan air flow stream at a given aircraft design point, and to substantially capture about half of the maximum amount of fan air flow rate required downstream of the inlet ports  108 ,  110  by a precooler  154 , or heat exchanger, to cool engine bleed air from the High Pressure Compressor (HPC)  156  of the aircraft engine  20  at the highest ECS  160  and WAIS  162  flow rate demand combination for the precooler. 
         [0049]    As shown in  FIG. 8 , the bifurcated inlet scoop frame  100  may be mounted, directly or indirectly, to a portion of the gas turbine engine  20 , such as the nacelle  142 . Alternatively, the bifurcated inlet scoop frame  100  may be attached at the top  122  to the upper pylon  138  or attached to the fan case outer V-groove and attached at the bottom  124  to the fan inner case  140  of a turbofan engine. In other embodiments, the bifurcated inlet scoop frame  100  may be mounted on a low pressure compressor exit frame of the engine  20  with the bottom  124  of the frame  100  entrapped into a groove, such as an inner V-groove on the aft end of the low pressure compressor exit frame. There may be a seal around the inlet scoop frame  100  to seal the interface with adjacent components of the nacelle  142   
       INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
       [0050]    In general, the present disclosure sets forth a gas turbine engine and bifurcated inlet scoop frame having multiple industrial applications. 
         [0051]    For example, the bifurcated scoop allows for increased airflow for pre-cooler operation, cabin air conditioning and de-icing, while not decreasing fan air stream flow at high altitude, take-off or other off-design flight points. More specifically, the leading edge of the nose of the bifurcated inlet scoop frame  100  will splits the incoming fan air flow stream. A portion of the split fan air stream is then captured by the first and second inlet ports disposed in the first and second side panels  104 ,  106 . 
         [0052]    The dimensional size and angled orientation of the first and second inlet ports to the split fan air flow stream reduces turbulence that may occur when “scooping” or capturing fan air at off-design points when the intake of fan air is relatively low. Such off-design points may include aircraft take-off, flight idle, climb and cruise at non-icing. 
         [0053]    The height of the inlet port opening may be configured to intake the maximum fan flow stream total pressure distribution for a fan air stream generated by the fan (see  FIG. 9 ) on a given aircraft. This beneficially results in components downstream of the inlet ports of the inlet scoop frame (such as the precooler) generally receiving the maximum pressurized fan air to facilitate the design of an optimum heat exchanger. 
         [0054]    Moreover, the dimensional size of the inlet ports and the orientation to the fan air stream not only minimizes fan air flow disturbance from flow separation when the intake of fan air into the first and second inlet ports is relatively low, the dimensional size of the inlet ports and the orientation to the fan air stream also minimizes fan air flow disturbance that leads to nacelle fan performance penalty at high altitude cruise conditions when the low or intermediate stage HPC bleed air (from the engine) is utilized for nominal ECS flow to the aircraft cabin without a wing anti-icing flow requirement. 
         [0055]    The dimensional size of the inlet ports and the orientation to the fan air stream also minimizes fan air stream flow disturbance that induces fan performance debit when the precooler fan air valve and ECS are temporarily closed during the take-off phase of the aircraft.