Abstract:
An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a computer-based method and system for identifying and resolving manufacturing conflicts across an extended enterprise via a network environment. The system includes a manufacturing enterprise system comprising a host system operating a web server, an applications server, and a database manager; a data storage device in communication with the host system, and at least one terminal for accessing the host system. The manufacturing enterprise system runs on a network that is coupled to the Internet and is accessible to a supplier enterprise system identified with proper permissions. The applications server executes a set of programs for managing the manufacturing enterprise system, including the problem reporting and resolution application of the present invention. Problems associated with the components or assemblies for a manufactured product including defective materials are inputted into the manufacturing enterprise system via the problem reporting and resolution application where analysis and corrective action planning are performed on the inputs.

Description:
BACKGROUND  
         [0001]    This invention relates generally to an electronic problem reporting and resolution process, and more particularly, this invention relates to a method and system for reporting and resolving manufacturing conflicts across an extended enterprise via a network environment.  
           [0002]    With the advent of the Internet and related technologies, complex networking systems have evolved that enable distant trading partners operating disparate computer systems to interact with one another. The Internet provides a ubiquitous message routing architecture that supports reliable inter-business connectivity around the world, based on common communication protocols and common standards for system interoperability. Further, the Internet and related intranet and extranet technologies offer a relatively low cost of entry, making them practical for use by large and small businesses alike. Web-based security issues have been minimized through the use of intranets that connect a business&#39; internal processes to the applications and data they need and extranets that connect external processes to the applications and data they need. Firewalls or security devices are added to protect against unauthorized access to the internal network and to isolate unauthorized Internet access from the extranet. With this new technology in place, existing trading barriers between trading partners can be removed, allowing for a synchronized flow of information.  
           [0003]    A recent trend in electronics manufacturing involves contracting out some or all of the manufacturing of a company&#39;s products to third party manufacturers which then build these products according to specification. This arrangement, known as outsourcing, results where the original manufacturer (called an Original Equipment Manufacturer, or OEM) buys assemblies in bulk from third-party contract manufacturers and then customizes them for a particular application. It then markets and sells the customized equipment under its own name. By outsourcing the manufacturing and assembly of these goods, established OEMs are able to focus on other business areas such as new product development and customer relationship management. Additionally, as product designs and components are becoming increasingly complex and frequently updated, a contract manufacturer with specialized skills may be better equipped to accommodate the changing technology. By outsourcing to meet peak demands, an OEM may be able to avoid having to build new facilities and/or hire new people.  
           [0004]    An OEM who is outsourcing the manufacturing of its products needs to be able to collaborate with its contract manufacturers and suppliers before, during, and after the manufacturing cycle in order to achieve maximum efficiency of the production process. One area of collaboration is problem reporting and resolution. When defects in components or assemblies are discovered during any phase of a manufacturing cycle, there needs to be a system in place for notifying, tracking and correcting these defects as soon as possible. This is no easy task in an outsourcing environment where manufacturing processes take place virtually anywhere around the globe, often by multiple manufacturing enterprises for a given OEM. Older legacy systems currently used for problem reporting and analysis are no longer adequate in today&#39;s global economy as its&#39; proprietary software and non-integratable hardware was designed for internal operations only. As more and more enterprises are choosing to outsource their manufacturing processes and take advantage of newly-developed networking technologies, there is a need to expand and refine the existing problem reporting and resolution processes in order to accommodate a secure, collaborative network environment.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY  
         [0005]    An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a computer-based method and system for reporting and resolving manufacturing conflicts across an extended enterprise via a network environment. The system includes a manufacturing enterprise system comprising a host system operating a web server, an applications server, and a database manager; a data storage device in communication with the host system, and at least one terminal for accessing the host system. The manufacturing enterprise system runs on a network that is coupled to the Internet and is accessible to an outside enterprise or trading partner identified with having proper access permissions. The applications server executes a set of programs for managing the manufacturing enterprise system, including the problem reporting and resolution application of the present invention. Problems associated with the components, assemblies, or processes for a manufactured product including defective materials are inputted into the manufacturing enterprise system via the problem reporting and resolution application where analysis and corrective action measures are performed on the inputs. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0006]    Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several FIGURES:  
         [0007]    [0007]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a portion of the system that includes a plurality of workstations and servers on which the problem reporting and resolution application is implemented;  
         [0008]    [0008]FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary sample problem log document as seen by an authorized user of the problem reporting and resolution tool;  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary problem reporting and resolution screen window for generating a new problem document;  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary problem reporting and resolution screen window for updating an existing problem log document;  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary problem reporting and resolution screen window for setting up access permissions to the problem reporting and resolution tool; and  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating how a problem is discovered, processed, and resolved via the problem reporting and resolution application.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0013]    The problem reporting and resolution application is a tool used for facilitating the problem reporting and resolution processes in an extended enterprise environment. It provides a centralized storage system in which problem log documents can be created, edited, viewed and terminated by a variety of users inside and outside of an organization on a tiered-access basis. It further allows outsiders of the organization to submit comments and view a limited portion of information in the problem log documents via a secure network connection. System administrators for the organization establish and maintain the access permissions and set parameters for users of the problem reporting and resolution tool in keeping with the objectives of the organization. Specified users are tasked with the duty of identifying and implementing corrective actions to be taken in response to the data entered in the problem logs.  
         [0014]    In an exemplary embodiment, the problem reporting and resolution application is implemented through a networked system such as that shown in FIG. 1. Although not necessary to realize the advantages of the present invention, system  100  may be part of a wide area network in which different geographical locations are interconnected, either by high-speed data lines or by radio links, interconnecting hundreds of workstations at widely disparate locations. In the simplified diagram of FIG. 1, system  100  includes an organization  102  comprising a web server  104 , an applications server  106 , and a database server  108  that are located on a host system  110  and connected through a network  112  to workstations  114 . The term “organization” refers to the system implementing the problem reporting and resolution application. Network  112  may comprise a LAN, a WAN, or other network configuration known in the art. Further, network  112  may include wireless connections, radio-based communications, telephony-based communications, and other network-based communications. For purposes of illustration, however, network  112  is a LAN. A firewall  130  limits access to organization  102  to those users outside of organization  102  who possess proper access permissions. Firewall  130  may comprise a gateway router, proxy server or a combination of similar hardware/software devices readily known by those skilled in the art.  
         [0015]    Host system  110  is running suitable web server software designed to accommodate various forms of communications and which allows information in data storage device  118  to be published on a web site. For purposes of illustration, host system  110  is running Lotus Domino™ as its server software. Applications server  106  executes the problem reporting and resolution tool, among other applications utilized by organization  102 . Applications server  106  is also running a groupware application such as Lotus Notes™ which allows remote users to access information through its replication capabilities, provides e-mail services, and supports a secure extranet architecture.  
         [0016]    Data storage device  118  resides within intranet  112  and may comprise any form of mass storage device configured to read and write database type data maintained in a file store (e.g., a magnetic disk data storage device). Data storage device  118  is logically addressable as a consolidated data source across a distributed environment such as network system  100 . The implementation of local and wide-area database management systems to achieve the functionality of data storage device  118  will be readily understood by those skilled in the art. Information stored in data storage device  118  is retrieved and manipulated via database server  108 .  
         [0017]    Data storage device  118  provides a repository for databases including a problem log  120 , access control lists  122 , executive summaries data  124 , public group manager data  126 , and any other information desired by organization  102  for use by the problem reporting and resolution tool. These features are further described herein.  
         [0018]    System  150  comprises a web server  152  that connects workstations  154  to an intranet  156  and to the Internet. Firewall  158  provides security and protection against unauthorized access to internal network information from outside sources. Each of workstations  154  may access web server  152  via internal web browsers (not shown) located on workstations  154 . A data storage device  160  is coupled to server  152 . A replica  128  of the problem log database  128  from data storage device  118  is accessible to system  150  via extranet  140 . System  150  is typically an existing supplier or contract manufacturer of organization  102 . The terms ‘supplier’ or ‘contract manufacturer’ and ‘trading partner’ are used interchangeably throughout this description. Remote workstation  170  is coupled to organization  102  via a web browser (not shown) and modem (not shown) for communicating with organization  102 .  
         [0019]    As described above, access to the databases in data storage device  118  is determined by system administrators of organization  102 . Access levels can be defined by six ‘user types’ as follows:  
         [0020]    Divisional Users. Divisional users are typically engineers and developers of organization  102 . Divisions of organization  102  are classified or sorted according to the product being manufactured. For example, one division may be dedicated to manufacturing/assembling personal computers. A second division might be responsible for the production of mainframe computers. A third division might involve storage devices. Divisional users may create, update, and transfer documents in problem log database  120  to other authorized users, but are limited to modifying only those documents relating to their division.  
         [0021]    Suppliers/Contract Manufacturers. These users are external to the organization but have a need to access certain information contained in problem log database  120 . These users are restricted to viewing through the Internet a limited segment of information in problem log database  120  to ensure the overall confidentiality of the documents contained therein. Trading partners at system  150  can input comments or attachments through replicated database  128  and submit them via extranet  140  to the problem log database  120 .  
         [0022]    Executive Readers. These users are typically high level executives of organization  102  with ‘view only’ access to problem log database  120 . Access is restricted to general information and executive summary data for problem documents and is used for informational purposes.  
         [0023]    Divisional Administrators. Divisional administrators determine the access requirements and maintain the divisional setup documents for a given division. They also provide user support as necessary.  
         [0024]    System Administrators. These users are similar to the divisional administrators except that they determine access requirements for all users of the database regardless of division. They also maintain database setup documents and provide user support and are described in further detail in FIG. 5.  
         [0025]    I/T Support Staff. I/T Support Staff maintain the database architecture, address server performance and Internet access issues. These users have the highest level of access authority to address network system problems.  
         [0026]    Access control lists store the names of authorized users of the databases stored in data storage device  118  and each user is assigned an access level by an administrator of organization  102 . Only administrators can add, modify or delete authorized users in access control list database  122 .  
         [0027]    The problem reporting and resolution tool allows an organization to classify system users in accordance with its own business rules and is not limited to the six user categories defined above. A user may also be classified by the ‘commodity’ with which he/she works rather than by (or in addition to) the ‘product’ and ‘division’ classifications described above. For example, organization  102  may assign a representative or engineer to each commodity it is associated with regardless of which product it relates to. Examples of commodities in an electronics enterprise might include monitors, central processing units, cables, connectors, and power supplies. As may be seen, certain commodities may overlap between divisions. For example, a commodity such as ‘power supplies’ may span division one&#39;s personal computers as well as division two&#39;s mainframes. The significance of this overlapping will become apparent further herein.  
         [0028]    For each commodity, there is an assigned supplier quality engineer (SQE) who is responsible for overseeing the production of items involving the particular commodity. As the commodity may span more than one division, the SQE who is assigned to the power supply commodity group becomes responsible for each division that deals with power supplies. The problem reporting and resolution tool allows an SQE to be notified when a problem occurs that relates to a particular commodity. The SQE may also obtain a commodity view of a particular problem, as well as divisional views. When a problem is discovered, it is usually an SQE that initiates the problem reporting and resolution application in the system. FIG. 2 illustrates a sample problem log document  200  provided by the problem reporting and resolution tool.  
         [0029]    The first category of information, or “General Information”  202  displays data entered by a divisional user of organization  102  during the initiation of a new problem document in accordance with the access rights provided by a divisional administrator. This category also displays information entered by divisional users when existing problem documents are updated, and/or transferred to other authorized users. “Raised by”  204  field indicates the name of the person who is reporting the problem. In the event a user does not enter a name in field  204 , a default mechanism provided by the problem reporting and resolution tool automatically enters the name of the user assigned to the workstation through which the report was generated. The “Executive Database”  206  field allows higher level management the ability to keep abreast of problems occurring within their departments through an executive summary document stored in executive summary database  124 . The name of the trading partner at system  150  that is involved with the problem or defect is shown in the “Supplier”  208  field. The problem reporting and resolution tool allows a user at organization  102  to prioritize the problem according to predefined standards using the “Priority”  210  field. When a high priority is designated, the problem reporting and resolution tool sends instant notification to necessary parties. The priority parameters may be determined by an administrator via the problem reporting and resolution access permissions screen window  400  of FIG. 4. Once a priority is designated, it can be viewed at field  210  of FIG. 2 and also generally in FIG. 4. When creating a new problem report, the user at organization  102  enters a brief description of the problem which appears in the “Brief Description”  212  field, followed by the division that the person named in “Raised by”  204  field is attached to in the “Division” field  214 . The “Executive Summary”  216  field is used for providing general information regarding the problem in summary form to the appropriate executive management or council involved. By contrast, the “Full Problem Description”  218  field is used for providing detailed specifics regarding the problem for use by other division users and authorized personnel. Finally, the “Failure Analysis”  220  field identifies the nature of the defect as determined by the user. For example, a user may dissect a suspect component via x-ray machinery and provide specific information regarding the defect. Additionally, the problem reporting and resolution tool enables a user at either organization  102  or system  150  to attach graphical or pictorial images of the defect to the problem report if desired by converting the image to a JPEG format or other similar methods commonly known to those skilled in the art.  
         [0030]    The “Supplier Comments”  222  field provides information obtained from a trading partner at system  150  via a secure network connection such as extranet  140 . A trading partner may access a replicated version of the problem log database to a limited degree via extranet  140  and submit additional information pertaining to the defect reported. This access is granted by a system administrator as described above utilizing the access permissions parameters specified in the tool. When authorizing access to a trading partner, the administrator adds the trading partner to the ACL database  122 , along with the access level granted. The trading partner is given a user ID and a password by a system administrator and accesses a replicated problem log database whereby he/she enters information into the “Supplier Comments”  222  field and selects “Submit” (not shown). When firewall replication occurs at firewall  140 , the information is transferred to the problem log database of data storage device  118  and is available for viewing.  
         [0031]    The next category “Current Status”  224  is controlled by a system administrator of organization  102  who then provides one or more divisional administrators limited access to edit items as needed. This category may then be utilized by authorized divisional users as allowed by a divisional administrator in order to edit and update an existing problem report. The user indicates who the problem was transferred to if applicable, by the “Current Owner”  226  field, followed by a status update via the “Prob. Status”  228  field. Other information that may be required includes a product or item brand  230  affected by the problem, team members  232  who are or should be involved with the problem, and the actual commodity  234  affected by the problem. Team members  232  may need to become authorized by an administrator and added to ACL database  122  if they are not already included at the time this information is entered. Team members  232  include any users who are affected by the defect. For example, a group of users in a first division are involved with a circuit board for a PC. It is discovered that the circuit board is defective and that overall production of the PC will be adversely affected. The engineers involved with the central processors for the PC will soon be affected as well; therefore, as team members they will need to be informed of the problem. This is accomplished via the “Team Members”  232  field. A similar situation may occur involving a particular commodity that translates across division lines. Engineers affected by the defect or problem may span several divisions not expressly provided for by the original problem report. For example, a defect of a component provided by a supplier was discovered in a first division and it became known that this component was scheduled to be used by other divisions. The divisional user reporting this problem may not be aware of the other divisions&#39; intended use. By documenting this problem in commodity field  234 , a commodity engineer SQE responsible for this component would be alerted via the problem reporting and resolution tool and would then notify other involved divisions.  
         [0032]    Another category provided in the problem log is the “Primary Parts Data”  236  section. The I/T Support Staff of organization  102  is responsible for the maintenance of this section as well as the last two sections, “Next Level Parts Data”  238  and “Resolution Details”  240  respectively. The “Primary Parts Data”  236  and “Next Level Parts Data”  238  sections allow a user to specifically identify the nature, source and specifics of the reported problem including the supplier part numbers involved, machine types, areas affected by the problem, etc. This information further sets out the scope of the problem as it affects the overall operation of organization  102 &#39;s manufacturing processes enabling organization  102  to obtain a large scale picture of the problem and its perceived effects.  
         [0033]    The last category, “Resolution Details”  240  specifies what corrective action  242  will be taken to alleviate the problem, including preventative measures  244 , and cost impact  246 . This information may provide insight to other divisions or users with respect to the handling of such matters and may provide guidance to management personnel in similar situations.  
         [0034]    Much of the information contained in the problem log document  200  is generated via the “Create New Document” tool of the problem reporting and resolution application shown in FIG. 3 and its corresponding edit and transfer features. These features are further described herein. A user of organization  102  creates a new problem document by selecting “New Problem”  302  on problem reporting and resolution window  300 . A new problem document screen will appear as shown in window  300 . As described in FIG. 2, categories of information are requested to be provided by the user via the problem reporting and resolution tool. Those fields with “astericks” (*) are required entries. As shown generally in FIG. 3, many fields provide drop down capabilities for ease in entering information. Certain defaults can be designated by an administrator where appropriate. For example, where a user fails to provide the name of his/her manager in field  304 , a default is set to automatically enter the manager assigned to that user. Also, where a user fails to enter the current status of the problem in the “Status” field  306 , the system is configured to automatically enter the status as “open”, indicating that the problem is ongoing and is yet to be resolved. An administrator can alter the types of fields shown in FIG. 3 as appropriate. Once the document is completed, the user saves it by clicking on the “Save” button  308  on window  300 , and a tracking number for the document is automatically assigned by the Problem reporting and resolution tool (not shown).  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 4 illustrates how a user at organization  102  updates a current problem document. The system may be configured by an administrator such that a user can select a document via a variety of fields of information within the problem log database, such as by “Commodity”  402 , “Supplier”  404 , “Status”  406 , etc. from menu  408 . The user selects one of the fields from the choices listed on the document menu  408 , and the update screen window  400  appears. Once the document is selected, it is presented to the user in edit mode, whereby all fields are available for update. The problem log database  120  tracks any changes made to the document by user name and date. Trading partners from system  150 , on the other hand, may only update the supplier comment field  222  of FIG. 2. Once in the edit mode, the supplier can enter text comments into the rich text field and/or attach files via the browse and attach buttons (not shown). After the update has been made, the trading partner clicks on the “submit” button on the browser window (not shown) to send the data through the firewall to the problem document.  
         [0036]    The transfer option is utilized where a user desires to transfer ownership of an existing problem document. This transfer may become necessary for a variety of reasons, such as, where the problem has been partially resolved with one division or group of team members but needs further corrective action from a second division or group of team members. This transfer of ownership is accomplished by selecting the “Transfer” button  310  on the toolbar of FIG. 3. The user will then be presented with a list of authorized users to select. Once completed, a note will be automatically sent by host system  110  to the new owner of the transfer (not shown).  
         [0037]    Access for division administrators is controlled through groups in the “Public Group Manager” database  126  in data storage device  118 . System administrators maintain this database and authorize and update these access rights. Divisional setup documents define specific parameters and fields that appear when viewed by divisional users. An example of a divisional setup document is illustrated in FIG. 5. Divisional documents are used to define which users are notified when a problem is originated, define which users have editor capability to documents within the division, restrict viewing access rights to specific divisions and commodities, and add divisional specific fields to the main problem document. An administrator logs on to the problem reporting and resolution tool and selects the Database Personalization Document item (not shown). The window  500  of FIG. 5 appears. The items that can be selected for determining access permissions are shown generally in window  500  and include designating who an e-mail should be automatically sent to upon a problem document being generated and under what specific circumstances notification should occur.  
         [0038]    As indicated above, problems can be discovered before, during or even after the manufacturing process. FIG. 6 illustrates the context in which a problem or defect may occur, and how the Problem reporting and resolution tool processes the problem once it is entered into the system. One way a problem may be discovered is by a contract manufacturer or supplier at step  600  during its manufacturing process. A supplier at system  150  may discover that one or more batches of its components scheduled to be delivered to organization  102  (or alternatively to a contract manufacturer on behalf of organization  102 ) is faulty or defective. Another way a problem may be discovered is by a field engineer of organization  102  who performs daily repairs and maintenance on the organization&#39;s products. A field engineer at step  602  may discover that he/she is replacing an unusually high volume of a particular component during scheduled maintenance visits to customer sites, creating concern about the component&#39;s integrity. Yet another way a problem may be discovered is by the organization&#39;s engineers either during its internal manufacturing at step  304  or during random stress testing conducted on site at step  605 . In each of the above situations, either a developer for a particular division of organization  102  is notified at step  606  or a supplier quality engineer (SQE) of organization  102  is notified at step  608  who, in turn, accesses the problem reporting and resolution tool at  610  to document the problem. The developer or SQE generates a problem document in the problem log database  120  at step  612  and saves it in the system. Once created, the developer, SQE engineer, or other authorized user can edit or update the problem report as necessary at step  614 , or may transfer ownership of the problem to other users at step  616 . Additionally, once the report is saved in problem log database  120 , a trading partner at system  150  with proper access can edit the report by providing comments in the supplier field  222  of FIG. 2. Specified users with access can then examine the report, identify the defect, and decide on what corrective actions should be taken at step  618 .  
         [0039]    Another way a problem can be discovered is through the organization&#39;s customer base at step  620 . A customer detects a problem affecting a purchased or leased product and accesses organization  102 &#39;s web site. The customer selects the help desk option at step  622  and reports the problem via the web. A service department or technical representative of organization  102  associated with the help desk receives the notice, and, if a pattern of similar defects have been reported, schedules a stress test or similar testing at step  605  in order to determine the nature of the defect. Flow then proceeds as described earlier in steps  606 - 618 . The problem reporting and resolution tool enables users to systematically report, update and resolve problems occurring throughout the manufacturing process in near real time and without compromising confidential data through its secure extranet, tiered access controls, and user-friendly menu items. The tool is implemented by a web-enabled host system executing collaborative messaging software, e-mail applications, and database replicating tools that allow internal and remote users of an organization, as well as its external trading partners, to communicate and collaborate on business transactions.  
         [0040]    While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation.