Abstract:
An improved ski binding relating generally to telemark skiing and other types of “heel-less” bindings is disclosed. Troublesome snow buildup underfoot, particularly in the area between a skier&#39;s boot and binding interface, is reduced and/or eliminated by the incorporation of a binding, anti-icing riser plate that pumps snow and ice away from the skier&#39;s boot and binding interface during operation of the “heel-less” binding. In conjunction with or alternatively from the anti-icing riser plate, a binding frame incorporating a hinge is also disclosed.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) on U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/275,469, entitled “BINDING WITH SNOW CLEARING GROOVE PLATE,” filed on Mar. 14, 2001, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    The present invention relates to a ski binding for nordic and alpine skis, and more particularly to a ski binding for cross country or telemark ski equipment. The present invention is specifically related to unique features and improvements for sole plates, risers, toe pieces and cable routing of the ski binding art.  
           [0004]    2. Description of the Background Art  
           [0005]    Conventional telemark ski bindings on the market today utilize a method of locking the toe of a telemark ski boot into a telemark binding which is firmly mounted to a ski. These “heel-less” type of ski bindings do not require the heel of the ski boot to be directly secured to the ski. “Heel less” type ski bindings are often used in cross country ski bindings, mountaineering bindings, and telemark bindings.  
           [0006]    A telemark ski boot is secured to a telemark binding with a wedge compression fit and/or a series of pins positioned on a toe plate for engaging the underside of a skier&#39;s boot. As seen in FIGS. 2, 4,  5  and  6 , this is usually accomplished with the aide of a heel retention system.  
           [0007]    As seen in U.S. Pat. No. 6,092,830 to Wheeler (FIG. 1), a conventional telemark binding may include a binding secured to the upper surface of a ski with a “pin-type” toe piece (FIG. 1, element  26 ) secured to a sole plate (FIG. 1, element  24 ) of the binding. These are some of the typical components required to secure the boot to the binding. As seen in FIG. 4, the binding toe piece (element  3 ) as well as the ball and ankle areas of the telemark boot serve as pivot points allowing fore and aft movement of the skier&#39;s knee. This design allows the skier to descend and turn by dropping the inside knee in a motion similar to lunging. Additionally, the freedom of movement provided by telemark style bindings allows for easy ascent (hiking uphill) with the use of climbing skins. In comparison to traditional downhill ski bindings requiring heel and toe attachment means for a skier&#39;s boot, a telemark binding is a relatively simple device allowing a skier the ability to attain efficient ascents and descents without bulky or complicated equipment.  
           [0008]    As seen in FIG. 4, a telemark binding of the conventional art has the following disadvantages and features. A plastic riser plate (element  1 ) often separates a metal binding frame (element  2 ) from an upper surface of a ski (element  7 ). The metal binding frame often includes a toe piece (element  3 ) extending in a generally transverse direction with respect to a ski&#39;s direction. Another problem associated with all telemark bindings on the market is caused by snow buildup underfoot, e.g., above the binding frame or “sole plate” and below the boot. The region of the binding where snow buildup occurs is marked by a cloud outline and the leader extending from element  8  in FIG. 4. Snow and ice becomes entrained in the areas between a skier&#39;s boot and the horizontal surface of the binding frame or sole plate.  
           [0009]    During the forward motion of the skier&#39;s knee, the heel lifts off the ski and simultaneously exposes a gap between the binding and the boot. This space between the binding and boot collects snow and ice that eventually may clog or freeze to the surrounding equipment. When enough snow has built up in these areas, a “snow fulcrum” is effectively created aft of the boot&#39;s toe piece that may interfere with the skier&#39;s ability to safely and smoothly, transition from turn to turn. Additionally, this “snow fulcrum” created by the buildup of snow and ice imparts undesirable stresses to the binding and skier&#39;s boot. Further, if the telemark ski binding is repeatedly operated in this manner, both a skier&#39;s boot and binding may experience mechanical failure leading to any combination of equipment loss, reduction in equipment life, and/or skier injury.  
           [0010]    Several attempts have been made in the related art to prevent this buildup of snow and ice in ski binding equipment. One attempted solution is the application of non-stick finishes to the surfaces found between binding, ski boot and ski surface. These non-stick finishes are applied in the form of a coating or spray. However, these often expensive finishes wear out rapidly and may even facilitate snow buildup if dust and debris scratch the surface or become entrained therein.  
           [0011]    As seen in U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,118 to Frey, a one-piece layer can be machine or die cut to a thin film that can be secured to the upper flat surface of the ski binding normally engaging a skier&#39;s boot. Frey teaches a one-piece layer of non-stick material such as Teflon™ or polyethylene on an upper surface of the layer that is exposed to the environment. A bottom side of the layer is formed of an adhesive or tacky substance for aiding in securing the layer to the upper surface of the ski binding.  
           [0012]    However, protective layers such as these will often require replacement as the non-stick surface becomes scratched, damaged and cracked due to the often brittle and soft properties of many non-stick materials. The repeated exit and entry of the to of a skier&#39;s boot into the ski binding will further facilitate this breakdown of the non-stick layer. Further, as non-stick layers become damaged and/or require replacement, removal of the layers secured by adhesive is often difficult, and new layers of the non-stick material must be added on top of older layers. This eventually, leads to undesirable buildup of material beneath the skier&#39;s boot.  
           [0013]    As seen in U.S. Pat. No. 5,984,345, telemark ski bindings often use riser plates to increase the side clearance (also shown in FIG. 4, element  9 ) between the binding sides and snow slope surface in order to prevent interference during especially acute turning angles. Additionally, riser plates beneath binding frames allow skiers using “fat” skis (generally having widths over 90 millimeters) to gain leverage as they transition from edge to edge between successive turns. Therefore, the quickness between turns is improved. However, these types of binding arrangements suffer additional problems.  
           [0014]    The use of riser plates in an attempt to obtain a more optimum side clearance often results in mechanical failure or a reduction in the mounting integrity of the binding and ski as a unit through the creation of excessive riser height (FIG. 4, element  1 ). Thick risers mandate the usage of longer mounting screws. When the binding incurs a twisting moment about the vertical axis to the ski, the effects of torsion upon the mounting screws is increased as a result of the increased length of the screws above the top of the ski. This will often lead to premature wear or failure of the ski or ski binding. A common failure under these conditions occurs when the binding mounting screws pull free of the ski as the positive grip of the screw threads deteriorates from repeated torsion stress. FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a conventional telemark ski binding having the riser plate, heel lift, heel piece and the above-mentioned non-stick plate positioned above a conventional toe plate.  
           [0015]    Another common problem with existing telemark bindings is “called toe crunch.” This is experienced when the bellows of a telemark boot are fully compressed (generally shown at FIG. 16, portion-ee). The compression occurs because the traditional telemark binding frame and toe piece (FIG., element  2  and  3 , respectively) are stationary. Thus, forcing the boot to experience all the forward rotation and bending (generally shown at FIG. 16, portion-bb) imparted when the skier&#39;s shin approaches the 45 degree angle mark (generally shown at FIG. 16, portion-ff) and travels past it as far as 90 degrees (horizontal) as shown with (generally shown at FIG. 16, portion-dd).  
           [0016]    Another problem with existing telemark bindings is the binding frames are not interchangeable. Inevitably a backcountry skier will destroy the turning edge of his ski on a submerged rock. This necessitates swapping skis so as to favor the opposite edge that remains intact on the ski. This cannot be accomplished with telemark skis as the bindings are designated right and left hand. Therefore, the skier is only able to swap bindings if tools are carried.  
           [0017]    Another problem with existing telemark bindings is “tip dive” (also called “rocker launch”). The heel retention systems as shown in (FIGS. 2, 3 (element  1 ),  4 ,  5 , and  6 ) load up with spring force as described earlier with the problem of “toe crunch.” This spring force compresses the boot as the skier&#39;s inner shin and knee drop down into a telemark turn. An equal and opposite force is imparted on the forward portion of the ski causing the ski tips to dive downward in soft “powder” snow, moguls (bumps) and when flying through the air in a tucked position. This has launched many a skier “over-the-handlebars,” e.g. head over heels, oftentimes resulting in injury.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0018]    The present invention overcomes the shortcomings associated with the background art and achieves other advantages not realized by the background art.  
           [0019]    An aspect of the present invention is to prevent the buildup of snow and ice from underfoot in conventional “heel-less” binding equipment. A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a means of snow and ice removal that provides an increased side clearance between the binding and snow during hard turns.  
           [0020]    A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a means of snow and ice removal that “pumps” snow out from underfoot during operation of the ski binding during ski activity. A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a means of snow and ice removal while protecting smooth ice clearing surfaces from the wear surfaces of the binding.  
           [0021]    A further aspect of the present invention is to strengthen a telemark ski binding frame through use of ice buildup prevention measures. A further aspect of the present invention is to decrease torsional and mechanical stresses experienced in a conventional ski to binding interface.  
           [0022]    A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a built in riser to the binding to aid in edge-to-edge transitioning. A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a substantially zero resistance binding operation for the skier when ascending uphill.  
           [0023]    A further aspect of the present invention is to provide variable resistance binding operation for the skier when skiing downhill. A further aspect of the present invention is to provide the skier the ability to switch from a zero resistance to high resistance binding operation in only a few seconds with gloved hands.  
           [0024]    A further aspect of the present invention is to allow the skier the ability to jump or attain air while in a tuck or turn position with legs bent and not experience tip-dive. Accordingly, the skier employing the present invention is able to turn in powder with minimal downward pressure on the forward half of the skis.  
           [0025]    A further aspect of the present invention is to allow the skier to realize improved edge control with a telemark binding. A further aspect of the present invention is to allow for a variety of heel retention systems as shown in FIGs,  4 ,  5  and  6 .  
           [0026]    A further aspect of the present invention is to allow for quick and easy swapping of left and right bindings in the event of an emergency (i.e. blown ski edge), even in a few seconds by a skier with gloved hands. A further aspect of the present invention is to provide a notch for placing ski poles horizontally when skis are placed tail end into the snow. The present invention allows the skis and poles to function as a chair.  
           [0027]    These and other aspects of the present invention are accomplished by a heel-less telemark binding comprising a telemark binding frame; a snow clearing base plate; at least one snow clearing groove formed on an upper surface of the snow clearing base plate; and means for securing a telemark ski boot to the binding frame.  
           [0028]    These and other aspects of the present invention are further accomplished by a snow clearing base plate for a heel-less binding, the snow clearing base plate comprising a tapered base portion having a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction; and a plurality of snow clearing grooves provided on an upper surface of the tapered base portion extending longitudinally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tapered base portion.  
           [0029]    These and other aspects of the present invention are further accomplished by a heel-less binding comprising a mounting plate; a binding frame; a mounting plate insert; an anti-icing insert; at least one snow clearing groove formed on an upper surface of the anti-icing insert; and a toe piece.  
           [0030]    Further scope of applicability of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0031]    The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinafter and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a telemark ski binding of the related art having a ski binding riser plate (elment  40 ), below a binding frame ( 24 );  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a telemark ski binding of the background art showing a binding riser, anti-icing plate, toe piece, heel retention springs, lever, and cables, and a heel lift;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 3 is a plan view of a telemark ski binding of the background art showing a heel retention system that may be modified to incorporate the present invention in a preferred embodiment;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 4 is an exploded side view of a telemark ski binding of the background art;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 5 is a side view of a telemark ski binding of the background art having a pivot point;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 6 is a plan view of a telemark ski binding of the background art having a heel retention system;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a telemark ski binding assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 8( a ) is a top view of an anti-icing insert of FIG. 14( b ) according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 8( b ) is an isometric view of an anti-icing groove and surrounding wear surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0041]    FIGS.  9 ( a ) and  9 ( b ) are linked showing mechanical assembly of quick release, adjustable resistance rotation and locking bolt systems according to the present invention;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 10 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention showing reference directions with respect to a mounting surface;  
         [0043]    FIGS.  11 ( a ),  11 ( b ) and  11 ( c ) are top, side and rear views, respectively, of a mounting plated according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0044]    FIGS.  12 ( a ),  12 ( b ),  12 ( c ) and  12 ( d ) are top, side and a pair of end views, respectively, of a mounting plate insert according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0045]    FIGS.  13 ( a ),  13 ( b ) and  13 ( c ) are top, side, and rear views of the binding frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0046]    FIGS.  14 ( a ),  14 ( b ) and  14 ( c ) are top, side, and rear views of an anti-icing insert according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0047]    FIGS.  15 ( a ),  15 ( b ) and  15 ( c ) are top, side and front views of a toe piece according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 16 is a side view of the binding system of the present invention; and  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 17 is a cable routing diagram for a heel retention system of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0050]    The present invention will hereinafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.  
         [0051]    [0051]FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a telemark ski binding of the related art having a ski binding riser plate (elment  40 ), below a binding frame ( 24 ). FIG. 1 is background art (U.S. Pat. No. 6,092,830 to Wheeler) depicting a telemark ski binding having a binding riser plate ( 40 ), below a binding frame ( 24 ). FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a telemark ski binding of the background art showing a binding riser, anti-icing plate, toe piece, heel retention springs, lever, and cables, and a heel lift. FIG. 2 is background art depicted by a photo showing a binding riser ( 1 ), anti-icing plate ( 2 ), toe piece ( 3 ), heel retention springs, lever, and cables ( 4 , 5 , 6 ), and a heel lift ( 7 ).  
         [0052]    [0052]FIG. 3 is a plan view of a telemark ski binding of the background art showing a heel retention system that may be modified to incorporate the present invention in a preferred embodiment. FIG. 3 is background art (U.S. Des. Pat. No. 425,162 to Hauglin) depicting a possible heel retention system that can be used with present patent application. This is identified to show versatility of the present invention with present heel retention systems on the market. FIG. 4 is an exploded side view of a telemark ski binding of the background art. This drawing is intended to show the generic problems and features of telemark bindings on the market today.  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 5 is a side view of a telemark ski binding of the background art having a pivot point. FIG. 5 is existing art (U.S. Pat. No. 5,897,127 to Hauglin) depicting a pivot point ( 23 ). FIG. 6 is a plan view of a telemark ski binding of the background art having a heel retention system. FIG. 6 is existing art (U.S. Pat. No. 5,893,576 to Hauglin) depicting a heel retention system (circled numbers) that can be used with present invention as mentioned in FIG. 4 above.  
         [0054]    [0054]FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a telemark ski binding assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8( a ) is a top view of an anti-icing insert of FIG. 14( b ) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8( b ) is an isometric view of an anti-icing groove and surrounding wear surface according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS.  8 ( a )-( b ) are representative of the unique anti-icing components of the present invention. FIGS.  9 ( a ) and  9 ( b ) are linked showing mechanical assembly of quick release, adjustable resistance rotation and locking bolt systems according to the present invention.  
         [0055]    [0055]FIG. 10 is an isometric view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention showing reference directions with respect to a mounting surface. As seen in FIG. 10, all major components are shown (referencing FIGS. 11 through 15, as well as details shown in lower case letters). The anti-icing grooves beneath the binding frame have been omitted from this drawing and appear only in FIG. 12 for the sake of drawing simplicity. Also note, hardware such as screws, quick release mechanisms and heel retention systems have been omitted as they are conventional in nature and will be described later in this embodiment. Also note that the right and left bindings are identical in components and mirror images of one another with respect to all horizontal dimensions about the longitudinal axis.  
         [0056]    FIGS.  11 ( a ),  11 ( b ) and  11 ( c ) are top, side and rear views, respectively, of a mounting plated according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS.  12 ( a ),  12 ( b ),  12 ( c ) and  12 ( d ) are top, side and a pair of end views, respectively, of a mounting plate insert according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS.  13 ( a ),  13 ( b ) and  13 ( c ) are top, side, and rear views of the binding frame according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS.  14 ( a ),  14 ( b ) and  14 ( c ) are top, side, and rear views of an anti-icing insert according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS.  15 ( a ),  15 ( b ) and  15 ( c ) are top, side and front views of a toe piece according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a side view of the binding system of the present invention.  
         [0057]    [0057]FIG. 17 is a cable routing diagram for a heel retention system of the present invention. This shows all the possible cable routings that affect the cable tension and length in the heel retention system. One of skill in the art will appreciate that the possibilities for the heel retention system can be unlimited and therefore are not limited by the scope of this invention.  
         [0058]    FIGS.  7 - 17  are views of a telemark ski binding assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. A first embodiment of the present invention is generally shown in FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is directed toward a ski binding including a snow clearing base plate (FIG. 7, element  1 ) with at least one snow clearing groove(s) (FIG. 7, element  5 ) formed on an upper surface of the snow clearing base plate. The snow clearing base plate includes a toe portion (FIG. 7, element  6 ) and a rear portion. The toe portion (element  6 ) is more narrow than the rear portion so as to form a tapered shape. The binding includes a binding frame (FIG. 7, element  2 ) having a horizontal base portion (FIG. 7, element  3 ), a toe piece (FIG. 7, element  6 ), and a plurality of side walls (FIG. 7, element  4 ).  
         [0059]    The binding of FIG. 7 also includes side walls, including a first pair of vertical side walls and a second pair of angular side walls. A snow clearing base plate for a heel-less binding is also shown. The snow clearing base plate includes a tapered base portion having a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction, and a plurality of snow clearing grooves provided on an upper surface of the tapered base portion extending logitudinally with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tapered base portion in a preferred embodiment.  
         [0060]    In summary, a snow clearing base plate or “anti-icing insert” (as seen in FIG. 14) has snow clearing grooves or anti icing grooves (element d in FIG. 14( a )). The shape of snow clearing base plate is tapered to conform with the binding frame (FIGS.  13 ( a )-( c ). The angled side walls (FIG. 7, element  4 ) provide additional clearance to the snow slope, e.g. the mounting plate shown in FIG. 11 and the mounting plate insert shown in FIG. 12. The present invention gains vertical clearance instead of angular clearance off of the angled side walls. The fifth and last claim covers the snow clearing grooves radiating rearward and in an outboard direction with respect to the binding side walls. Another aspect of the present invention includes the incorporation of adjustable resistance rotation component, e.g., a hinge element, into the aforementioned embodiment.  
         [0061]    The present invention includes a unique combination(s) of elements that offer a variety of improvements over the systems and arrangements of the background art. The mounting plate seen in FIG. 10 labeled with a FIG. 11 detailed view is mountable to a ski&#39;s top surface. This mounting plate contains the mounting plate insert as shown by detailed view FIG. 12. The binding frame, as seen in the detailed view of FIG. 13, sits on top of the mounting plate insert and is attached to both the mounting plate insert and the mounting plate. Within the binding frame sits the anti-icing insert, as seen in the detailed view of FIG. 14. Finally, the toe piece, as seen in the detailed view of FIG. 15, is attached to the exterior of the binding frame.  
         [0062]    Another advantageous feature of the present invention is that the present invention operates under many of the same basic principles as the existing systems of the background portion of this embodiment. Accordingly, the present invention can be used in a manner that is already familiar to skiers in the related art.  
         [0063]    A typical telemark boot fits into the region below the toe piece (as seen in FIG. 15) and is held snug against the inboard and outboard sides of the binding frame (FIG. 13). A heel retention system (not shown) is employed to provide forward pressure against the heel of the telemark boot. Thus, transmitting pressure against the binding frame (see FIG. 13). This ensures a positive, snug, wiggle-free boot connection to the binding. Instead of the common binding frame providing vertical load support through it&#39;s horizontal surface (FIG. 4, element  8 ), an anti-icing insert as seen in FIG. 14 is employed. The mounting plate as seen in the detailed view of FIG. 11 and mounting plate insert as seen in the detailed view of FIG. 12 work together to connect the binding frame to the ski&#39;s top surface as well as act like a riser plate.  
         [0064]    In addition to the basic principles of the binding, the present invention has two distinctly unique functions that in turn create a multitude of benefits. The two major functions of this binding in addition to the abovementioned details are: 1) anti-icing and 2) adjustable resistance movement.  
       Anti-Icing Properties  
       [0065]    The unique anti-icing properties of the present invention are described hereinafter with specific reference to the more detailed views of FIGS.  8 ( a )-( b ) through FIG. 10. Every moving surface on the present invention has the ability to clear itself of snow or ice accumulation. Natural human movement required for a skier to ascend or descend in true telemark style causes the snow and ice accumulated on working parts as shown in FIG. 8( a ) to be “pumped” or “squeezed” out of the binding via the “anti-icing grooves” (FIG. 8. 2 , element d). Therefore, the present invention can operate in any weather and snow condition without becoming clogged with snow or having ice buildup distort or break the components.  
         [0066]    Downward force F 1 , as seen FIG. 8( b ) is imparted upon any snow accumulation, shown by element f in FIG. 8( a ), from a telemark boot. A reactive, snow clearing force R 1 , as seen in FIG. 8( b ), is created by the anti-icing grooves (d). The sloped and/or tapered design of the anti-icing grooves (d) is beneficial to the creation of desirable snow clearing forces R 1 . Accordingly, an ice flow or removal of the snow accumulation (f) is created in direction R 1 .  
         [0067]    Additionally, the anti-icing grooves (d) are usually positioned in rows or sets that flow in roughly the same direction but radiate away from each other. This outward radiation of the direction of ice/snow flow creates tension cracks (oo) in the ice clump (f) underfoot which breaks up the clump into smaller pieces that are able to be passed down the anti icing grooves (d). Additionally, the anti-icing grooves (d) create a separate unworn pathway for snow and ice to travel on. These grooves (d) are located below the wear surface, as seen in FIG. 8, element  11 , surrounding the anti-icing grooves (d).  
       Adjustable Resistance Rotation  
       [0068]    The present invention has three modes of usage termed “adjustable resistance rotation”. All modes work in conjunction with a conventional telemark style of movement (heel-less or free movement of the heels). The “resistance free” mode allows the skier to ascend by skinning or climbing and descend by skiing with only negligible energy being used to operate the binding. While in the “resistance free mode” the locking bolts (FIG. 9( a ), element z) are withdrawn from the flange holes (FIG. 13( c ), element u) in an aft direction. The locking bolts (z) are withdrawn using the connecting member between the two longitudinally oriented locking bolts. It should be noted that the unlocking and locking the binding into place is not limited to the description given above. The binding frame can be locked into place via sliding or rotational members using either bolting or clipping action or any other method employed to hold down a binding.  
         [0069]    The action associated with the “resistance free” and “variable resistance” modes is illustrated in FIG. 16. By comparing between the binding frame, see the detailed view of FIG. 13, position drawn in FIG. 10 and the binding frame position drawn in FIG. 16, the degree of movement becomes apparent. This degree of movement is shown by FIG. 16, portion gg to be approximately 45 degrees of forward binding rotation about rotation axis (a). It should be noted that the scope of this invention is not limited to 45 degrees of forward rotation. However, the degree of forward rotation can reach up to 90 degrees.  
         [0070]    Additionally, the full forward rotation of the binding frame (FIG. 13) allows the down side of the binding frame to contact the prow (FIG. 12( b ), element c, and FIG. 16, element c) that effectively creates a tripod. This tripod is created as the skier&#39;s shin (FIG. 16, element ff) drops to its optimal angle of 45 degrees during a descending telemark turn or at the end of the power step when ascending. It should also be noted that the telemark boot bellows (mm) are not compressed as they normally are in conventional telemark bindings as shown by (FIG. 16, element ee). Thus, the problem of “toe crunch” experienced in systems and arrangements of the background art have been mitigated by the present invention.  
         [0071]    The “variable resistance” mode allows the skier to adjust the resistance imparted on the load axle (i) in FIG. 10. This in turn makes for a dampening effect between the binding frame (FIG. 13) and the ski, and keeps the ski tips pointing where the skier wants them to go.  
         [0072]    Finally, the “locked mode” locks the binding frame against the mounting plate (FIG. 11) and mounting plate insert (FIG. 12). Thus, making the binding operate more like a conventional binding with a pre-set resistance to movement. These three functions will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter.  
         [0073]    The general materials and production methods used on the major components of this present invention are described as follows. One of skill in the art will appreciate that many materials, particularly metals such as stainless steel, steel, aluminum, titanium, etc. can be used in the production of the major components shown in FIGS. 11 through 15. However, plastics and polymers such as polyethylene, polyvinylchlorides, teflon, etc. can be readily incorporated into the components shown in FIGS. 12 and 14. All necessary holes may be punched, cut or drilled prior to fabrication. All shapes and profiles may be punched, cut or milled prior to fabrication. All joints of bent and fabricated parts may be left undressed, welded or rivoted.  
       Mounting Plate, Hinge &amp; Locking Mechanism Operation  
       [0074]    The following detailed description covers the mounting plate (FIGS.  11 ( a )-( c )), hinge mechanism (FIGS.  9 ( a ),  9 ( b ) and  16 ), locking mechanism (FIGS.  9 ( a ) and  16 ) and their related parts and assembly. The mounting plate acts as both a riser for the binding frame (FIG. 13) as well as the lower part of the hinge when the binding is operated in a zero resistance mode.  
         [0075]    The mounting plate (FIGS.  11 ( a )-( c )) can be attached to the ski using any combination of fastener and/or adhesives as shown in FIG. 11( a ) (element x). Countersunk holes of any number or design pattern are provided on the horizontal surface of the mounting plate. The holes are provided on the mounting plate as this is the closest point to the ski&#39;s top surface. Thus, reducing torsional stress on the mounting screws that thread into the ski.  
         [0076]    The mounting plate (FIGS.  11 ( a )-( c )) works in conjunction with the mounting plate insert (FIGS.  12 ( a )-( d )) that sits inside of the mounting plate. A rotational axis (FIG. 10, element a) and (FIG. 11( a ), element a) is made through the front portion of the mounting plate and mounting plate insert. The exact location of this rotational axis is not limited to the location as shown in FIGS.  11 ( a ) (element a),  11 ( b ) (element b), or FIG. 10 (element a). The rotational axis may be placed in any part of the front half of the mounting plate and mounting plate insert.  
         [0077]    The rotational axis (a) is oriented transversely with relationship to the ski. It serves to allow the binding frame (FIG. 13) to pivot about the axis (FIG. 16, element a) from 0 degrees (FIG. 16, portion dd) to 45 degrees (FIG. 16, portion ff). This angle is also shown in FIG. 11( b ), element c as the same angle as the prow. Parts (b), (i) and (j) are positioned along this axis and centered upon it. Hollow pin (b) rides inside of two holes located along the rotational axis on either side of the mounting plate (FIG. 11( a ), element b).  
         [0078]    The hollow pin can be of any size and serves two purposes. First the hollow pin centers the load axle (i). The hollow pin lies inside of the load axle, but allows the load axle (i) to turn freely within 45 degrees of rotation. Secondly, the hollow pin accepts a quick release mechanism (FIG. 9( a ), elements hh, ii, jj), such as those commonly available in the bicycling industry.  
         [0079]    The quick release mechanism (FIG. 9. 1 -hh,ii,jj) is typically used to mount wheel axles to a bike frame. The intended quick release mechanism has a tension rod (hh) that extends completely through part (b). The quick release tension rod has a lever operated cam (ii) on one end and an adjusting nut (j) on the other end of the rod. In the case of the present invention, the three modes of operation explained earlier will be controlled by this quick release cam/lever and adjusting nut.  
         [0080]    When the lever is in the closed position (FIG. 9( a ), position  1 ), an axial compressive load is imparted upon the load axle (i) through the mounting plate side walls. This load creates resistance to rotation ranging from negligible to stiff depending upon the position of the quick release mechanism&#39;s adjusting nut. It should be noted that the scope of this invention relating to the quick release system of parts may be modified to include sacrificial wear parts such as brass washers, or materials of any composition placed at any point along the rotation axis. These sacrificial parts serve to absorb the forces of friction and undergo wear in lieu of wear being imparted upon any or all of the parts defined by this embodiment.  
         [0081]    Another feature of the “quick release system” and the components associated with “adjustable resistance rotation” (FIGS.  9 ( a )-( b ), elements hh, ii, jj, i, and b) is interchangeability. The quick release mechanism allows left and right telemark bindings to be swapped in the event of an emergency. By opening the quick release mechanism with gloved hands, unscrewing the large adjusting nut (FIG. 9( a ), element jj) and removing the tension rod (FIG. 9( a ), element hh), the binding frame and it&#39;s remaining connected components may be swapped over to the other ski&#39;s mounting plate in a matter of seconds.  
         [0082]    The locking mechanism can be seen in FIG. 9( a ), element z. This locking mechanism (z) includes two parallel locking bolts (z) which slide longitudinally through dead bolt bores (FIG. 12( b ), element t), rear truss holes (FIG. 11( c ), element w), and flange holes (FIG. 13( c ), element u). FIG. 16 shows the locking bolt (z) fully withdrawn in an after direction in order to free the binding frame (FIG. 13( b )) to rotate as described in the manner of adjustable resistance rotation. When it is desired to operate the binding in “locked mode” the locking bolts (z) are grabbed with a gloved hand by common tie in and moved forward through the aforementioned holes.  
         [0083]    The mounting plate utilizes a snow clearing hole (FIG. 11( b ), element q) in conjunction with the flange groove (FIG. 11( a ), element v). Snow and ice entrapped below the aft flange (FIG. 13( b ), element r) is squeezed out through the snow clearing hole (q). This hole is of sufficient size to allow the largest possible clump of ice to pass through from the flange groove.  
         [0084]    The mounting plate utilizes a rear truss (FIG. 11( c ), element p) which provides lateral strength to the lower part of the hinge assembly, as well as vertical strength to the mounting plate insert split (FIG. 12( b ), element o). At the point of split (o) the rear truss (p) spans and forms an effective hold down of the forward and rear halves of the mounting plate insert. The rear truss may also utilize metal that is bent from the same material which makes up the sides of the mounting plate FIG. 11( b ). The aft section of the mounting plate forms a rear deck (FIG. 10, element y) in conjunction with the mounting plate insert (FIG. 12( b ), element y) which sits lower than the upper surface of the mounting plate. Finally, the rear truss (p) has two rear truss holes (w) that accept locking bolts (FIG. 9( a ), element z).  
       Mounting Plate Insert  
       [0085]    Primary load support as a downward boot force is transmitted from load axle (FIG. 13( b ), element I) into load bore (FIG. 12( b ), element j). By load being transmitted to the load bore (j), pressure is kept off of the aforementioned quick release mechanism and its associated parts. Transverse rigidity is provided by the mounting plate insert as it sits inside of the mounting plate. The fit between the two components is tight and without any noticeable gap. Thus, any lateral bending stresses imparted on the mounting plate (FIG. 11( a )) will be directly transmitted into the mounting plate insert (FIG. 12( a )). This mounting plate and mounting plate insert, being constructed of plastic or metal as aforementioned, can withstand high compressive loads and is thus suited for absorbing the stress as described.  
         [0086]    The prow (FIG. 12( c ), element c) is of such a design so as to split the snow and ice that is accumulated and compressed due to forward rotation of the binding frame (FIG. 16, element c). The angle of the prow that effectively splits the snow can be seen as shown in FIG. 12( a ), element c. The prow utilizes the same anti-icing concept as defined in this embodiment.  
         [0087]    The binding frame flange groove (FIG. 12( b ), element v) works in conjunction with the aft flange (FIG. 13( b ), element r). As it rotates downward to rest upon the mounting plate insert (FIGS.  12 ( a )-( d )), snow and ice may become entrapped and compressed in the flange groove. By design, a gap as marked by angle (FIG. 12( d ), element pp) is maintained between the flange groove (v) and the aft flange (FIG. 13( b ), element r). Thus snow is “wedged” or squeezed outwards towards the aforementioned aft snow clearing hole (FIG. 11( b ), element q).  
         [0088]    Anti-icing grooves (FIG. 12, element d) are employed on all flat horizontal surfaces in accordance with the defined concept of anti-icing grooves. The locations of these grooves are on the top surface of the mounting plate insert as well as the rear deck (FIG. 12( b ), element y). The mounting plate insert split (FIG. 12. 2 -o) is provided as a means for ease of assembly. The aft and forward sections of the mounting plate insert (FIG. 12. 2 ) slide under the rear truss (p). At the point of split (o) the rear truss (p) spans and forms an effective hold down of the forward and rear halves of the mounting plate insert.  
       Binding Frame  
       [0089]    FIGS.  13 ( a )-( c ) show the binding frame of the present invention. The binding frame may include an aft flange (r) having flange holes (u) to accept and lock with dead bolts (z). Holes of any configuration are provided (unlabeled) for the mounting toe piece (FIG. 15) and anti-icing insert (FIG. 14).  
         [0090]    The load axle (i) transmits weight to the load bore (j) of FIG. 12( b ) and is kept centered by hollow pin (b) of FIGS.  9 ( a ) and  10 . The hollow pin (b) rides in hole centered about rotational axis (a) that is located in the forward ½ of the mounting plate (FIG. 11). The reinforcement of the frame is above and beyond conventional bindings due to the toe piece (FIG. 15) and anti-icing insert (FIG. 14) that effectively sandwiches the binding frame. Aft flange (r) of the binding frame strengthens the transverse span of the horizontal binding surface and provides flange holes (u) for dead bolts (t) to lock down the binding frame to operate in a third mode (“locked mode”) of movement.  
       Anti-Icing Plate  
       [0091]    [0091]FIGS. 8 and 14 show the anti-icing plate of the present invention. The anti-icing grooves (d) are positioned in two rows. The forward row extends forward getting progressively deeper (h). The aft row extends rearward getting progressively deeper (h). An outward radiating pattern can be used for all rows of the anti-icing grooves (d) as described in the anti-icing section hereinabove.  
         [0092]    The wear surface (FIG. 8( b ), element  11 ) vs. the anti-icing surface (FIGS. 8 and 14, element d) are separated to preserve the integrity of the relatively clean, smoother wear surface ( 11 ). There are tabs (g) on forward and aft ends hang down to prevent fore and aft movement of the anti-icing plate in addition to screws or adhesives that may be employed to attach the anti-icing plate to the binding frame.  
       Toe Piece  
       [0093]    The toe piece is described in greater detail hereinafter with specific reference to FIG. 15. Cable length adjustment lugs ( 1 ), cable routing channels (k), forward cable routing guide (nn), and cable routing pulleys (m), allow for a highly adjustable cable routing system and advantageous toe piece. As defined in the follow on paragraph regarding the cable routing system.  
         [0094]    The toe piece works in conjunction with the binding frame to provide strength into the side walls. Bending resistance is gained through the upward bending of flange (n). Forward cable routing guide (nn), forms a stop point for clip type cable heel retention systems so that the cable clip (FIGS. 6 through 7) is retained within the cable routing pulley (m) and the cable clip unless the assembly is pushed down and up in an unnatural method. This forms and effective safety thereby preventing unwanted release of the heel retention system.  
         [0095]    The cable routing system (FIG. 17) includes two routing paths (FIG. 17, paths aaa and bbb) and three cable positions (FIG. 17, positions  1 ,  2  and  3 ). Note that cable lugs (FIG. 15( a ), element  1 ) and cable routing channel (k) are used in the routing system. These paths and positions are described as follows:  
         [0096]    Position  1 , allows for minimal heel retention force, and easy ski touring and ascending. Path (aaa) allows for the shortest cable routing thus use of a larger boot size range. Path (bbb) allows for the longest cable routing thus use of the shorter boot size range. Position  2 , allows for the use of clip-type heel retention systems as shown in FIG. 3, (elements  1  and 6-circled items). The proximity of the forward cable routing guide (nn) to the routing pulley (m) allows for removal of the heel retention system only when rotated downward to clear clip from routing guide (nn).  
         [0097]    Position  3 , allows for maximum heel retention force. This is used for activities such as aggressive skiing ascents. Both cable routing path options may be used in conjunction with position  3  to create a total of seven possibilities for cable routing and positioning. When these aforementioned possibilities are used in conjunction with the three modes of adjustable resistance rotation there are 21 different and distinct binding feels that can be interchanged in seconds and even with the use of gloved hands.  
         [0098]    The following alternative and design considerations have been anticipated by the inventor of the present application that result in the following desirable results. The “locked down mode” of the binding frame can be selected by gloved hands in a matter of seconds. This quick selection is enabled due to the unique and simple design of the “locking bolts” in conjunction with their orientation within the mounting plate insert and mounting plate “rear truss.” The mounting plate insert utilizes similar anti-icing principles, except in reference to directional orientation of the anti-icing grooves. The mounting plate is shown designed at such a height so as to elevate the binding frame and toe piece to provide much improved lateral leverage for the skier when the present invention is particularly used on “fat” or “mid-fat” skis of 90 millimeters or greater. Also realized by the skier is a much improved ski edge to ski edge transition rate between successive turns.  
         [0099]    The mounting plate is designed with it&#39;s horizontal surface positioned as close to the ski&#39;s top surface as possbile. This significantly reducing the torsional and sheer forces imparted upon mounting screws (and their associated adhesives) that attach the mounting plate to the ski. The adjustable resistance rotation of the binding frame also permits left and right telemark bindings to be swapped in the event of an emergency by opening the quick release mechanism with gloved hands in a matter of seconds. The adjustable resistance rotation of the binding frame can be carried to an angle of 45 degrees thereby eliminating “toe crunch” traditionally experienced by a skier&#39;s toes. The adjustable resistance rotation of the binding frame allows for the ski to be held at one angle with relation to the skier&#39;s shin, thereby reducing “ski-chatter” during turns. The binding frame insert and binding frame can be attached to one another in a tight fitting sandwich-type construction that greatly increases the binding frame strength when compared to the individual strength as stand-alone components. When the toe plate is designed with cable length adjustment lugs ( 1 ), cable routing channels (k), cable routing pulley (m), and forward routing guide (nn), such a configuration permits binding resistance and feel to be altered to seven unique variations on the ski slopes and backcountry with gloved hands and without requiring tools.  
         [0100]    The mounting plate, mounting plate insert and binding frame form a handy notch at the forward end of the components for placing ski poles across horizontally when skis are stuck tail end into the snow. This allows the skis and poles to function as a chair during backcountry tours. The mounting plate insert can utilize an anti-icing concept in the design of the prow (c) as it is acted upon from the lower surface of the binding frame.  
         [0101]    The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the following claims.