Abstract:
The present invention is a system and method for reporting an emergency situation to a called party a using a wireless device. The wireless device comprises a keyboard and a microprocessor. In one embodiment, when a specific keystroke sequence is entered using the keyboard, the wireless device performs the following tasks: (1) disabling one or more components of the wireless device; (2) establishing a wireless communication session with the called party; (3) communicating with a location system to generate location information pinpointing the location of the wireless device; and (5) providing the location information to the called party. In other embodiments, the wire device performs additional tasks, including: (6) capturing content during the wireless communication; (7) communicating with the location system to generate subsequent location information; and (8) providing one or more of the subsequent location information and the content to the called party. The called party may then use the location information and the content to perform one or more actions, including providing help to the user of the wireless device.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates generally to telecommunications, and more particularly to a system and method for reporting an emergency situation using a wireless device. 
   2. Background of the Invention 
   Being a victim of a crime can be a terrible thing for any person. The experience of being the victim could be even worse if the victim could not communicate with others to obtain help. For example, a person being kidnapped or car-jacked is unable to call the police, especially if the person is ordered by his or her kidnapper to disable his or her wireless telephone. Even in a situation in which the kidnapper was initially unaware of the presence of the wireless telephone, the victim&#39;s safety could be in jeopardy when his or her attempt to use the wireless telephone is intercepted by the kidnapper. 
   The widespread use of the wireless telephones in the United States has prompted the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to promulgate new rules related to emergency call processing. The. FCC&#39;s wireless Enhanced 911 (E911) rules require certain Commercial Mobile Radio Services (CMRS) carriers to begin transmission of enhanced location and identity information in two phases. The first phase, started on Apr. 1, 1998, required wireless service providers to transmit a 911 caller&#39;s number and section of the cell site from which the call is originated to a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP). The second phase, starting on Oct. 31, 2001, requires all wireless service providers to locate two-thirds of all 911 callers within 125 meters of their physical locations. In other words, for all 911 calls received, a PSAP must be able to pinpoint 67% of the callers within 125 meters. 
   Under the FCC rules, wireless communication networks and wireless telephones (or any wireless devices that can be used to call 911), must provide both the identity and location of the caller to a 911 dispatcher. To provide a caller&#39;s identity, the wireless device must furnish a device identification, e.g., a mobile identification number (MIN), indicating in most instances the telephone number of the device. To provide a caller&#39;s location, tile wireless communication networks and wireless devices will use a network-based location system or a handheld location system installed within the wireless devices, or a combination of the two systems. An example of a handheld location system is a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,734, which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a GPS receiver and a method for processing GPS signals. 
   The contemplated E911 location technology will enable the PSAP to know the location of the wireless telephone at the time the 911 call is established. However, the caller must physically dial the number, and the wireless telephone must remained active or on to enable the PSAP to track the location of the wireless telephone. The current technology does not provide a wireless device that can be used to report an emergency situation, and at the same time, appears to have been powered off. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention is a system and method for using a wireless device to report an emergency situation to a called party. The wireless device may be any apparatus with telecommunication capabilities. For example, the wireless device may be a wireless telephone, an interactive pager, a handheld computer, or a personal digital assistant. 
   A wireless device of the present invention comprises a microprocessor, a location system, an input device, and an output device. The input device may be a keypad or a keyboard. The output device ray be a display commonly found on the wireless devices mentioned above. A preferred embodiment of the present invention can comprise additional devices, including one or more of a signal detector and a sensing device. 
   A wireless device of the present invention can maintain a wireless communication session with a called party while the wireless device appears to have been powered off. The called party may be a PSAP. The present invention may be used, for example, by a victim of a crime to report the crime without alerting the criminal. In another example, an undercover law enforcement agent can use the wireless device to transmit a conversation to his or her operation center secretly. 
   A preferred method for using the present invention comprises the following steps. First, a relationship between a telephone number that is associated with the called party (the called number) and a sequence of keystrokes is created, and the relationship is programmed into the wireless device. Second, a user of the wireless device (the caller) inputs the sequence using the input device when the caller wishes to contact the called party. Third, the microprocessor deactivates one or more components of the wireless device, including the display. Fourth, the microprocessor, in conjunction with other components of the wireless device, establishes a wireless communication session with the called party. Fifth a location system generates location information pinpointing the location of the wireless device and provides the location information to the called party. 
   In other embodiments, the following additional steps may be included. Sixth, the sensing device of the wireless device can capture content comprising, for example, sound. Seventh, the content can be transmitted to the called party. Eighth, the wireless communication session can remain active to enable the location system to provide subsequent location information to the called party. 
   It is an object of the present invention to provide a safe method for reporting a crime. 
   It is another object of the present invention to enable spontaneous. transmission of information to a called party when a wireless communication session is established. 
   It is another object of the present intention to establish a wireless communication session when a stimulus is received by the wireless device. 
   These and other objects of the present invention are described in greater detail in the detailed description of the invention, the appended drawings, and the attached claims. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a prior art wireless telephone. 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram showing the system architecture of an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 3  is a flowchart showing the general steps involved in using an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram showing the system architecture of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein a crime victim can use a wireless device to report a crime in progress to a PSAP. 
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart showing the steps involved in using the first preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram showing the system architecture of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein a law enforcement agent can use the wireless device during an undercover operation. 
       FIG. 7  is a flowchart showing the steps involved in using the second preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a prior art wireless telephone  10 . ARM control  20  is a microprocessor that is part of prior art wireless telephone  10 . As known to one skilled in the art, the various components of wireless telephone  10  be adapted for the system architecture of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram showing the system architecture of an embodiment of the present invention. The system of the present invention comprises microprocessor  110 , keyboard  120 , and display 130 , each of which is a component of wireless device  100 . Microprocessor  110  is preferably a RISC (reduced instruction set computer) microprocessor. Keyboard  120  is an example of an input device. Display  130  is an example of an output device. Wireless device  100  may be any wireless communication equipment that can be used to establish a wireless communication session with a called party, such as called party  200 . Examples of wireless device  100  include a wireless telephone, an interactive pager, a handheld computer, and a personal digital assistant. 
   Microprocessor  110  is in communication with keyboard  120  and display  130 . In preferred embodiments, microprocessor  110  can also be in communication with digital signal processor (DSP)  140 , antenna  150 , sensing device  160 , and notifier  170 , each of which a component of wireless device  100 . Sensing device  160  may be, for example, one or more of a microphone, a camera, a thermometer, and a barometer. Sensing device  160  can capture content. The content can include one or more of sound, still or moving images, temperature, and pressure, depending on the type of sensing device used. Notifier  170  may be any component that can be used to notify the user of wireless device  100  when an incoming call is received by wireless device  100 . For example, it may be a ringer or a vibrator. Microprocessor  110  is preferably in communication with memory  112 , which is also a component of wireless device  100 . 
   Wireless device  100  can establish a wireless communication session with called party  200  through wireless network  300 . The present invention can further comprise one or more of location system  180 , location system  280 , and location system  380 , which are associated with wireless device  100 , called party  200 , and wireless network  300 , respectively. 
   At least one of location systems  180 ,  280 , and  380  can generate location information pinpointing the location of wireless device  110  during the wireless communication session. The location information may be generated using any known methods. For example, location system  180  may be a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver that is in communication with a constellation of GPS satellites, which produces position coordinates of wireless device  100 . U.S. Pat. No. 5,663,734, which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses a GPS receiver and a method for processing GPS signals. 
   Location systems  180 ,  280 , and  380  may generate the location information using one of several methods. For example, the method published by James J. Caffery, Jr. and Gordon L. Stüber in IEEE Communications Magazine (April 1998) may be used. The article titled “Overview of Radiolocation in CDMA Cellular Systems” is hereby incorporated by reference. One or both of called party  200  and wireless network  300  can be associated with a database, which is shown in  FIG. 2  as database  290  and database  390 , respectively. 
     FIG. 3  is a flowchart showing the general steps involved in using an embodiment of the present invention. In specific embodiments of the present invention, one or more of these general steps may be used. Furthermore, each of the general steps may include one or more sub-steps in the specific embodiments. Although these general steps and sub-steps are discussed herein sequentially, the steps may be implemented in any combination and in any logical order to accomplish a specific purpose. Furthermore, specific embodiments of the present invention may include additional unique steps that are not discussed herein as part of the general steps. 
   In step  302 , at least one relationship between a keystroke sequence and a telephone number associated with called party  200  (the called number) can be defined or created. The relationship may be stored in memory  112  shown in FIG.  2 . Memory  112  can be accessible by microprocessor  110  of wireless device  100 . A first specific example of the keystroke sequence may comprise pressing the “power off” key while holding down the “*” key on keyboard  120 . A second specific example of the keystroke sequence may comprise pressing the “power-off” key a number of times. In still another specific example of the relationship, the keystroke sequence may comprise pressing a plurality of keys seriatim. 
   In step  304 , information related to wireless device  100  can be stored in the memory. The information may comprise the relationship created in step  102  and a user profile. The user profile may comprises, for example, the name of the user of wireless device  100 , the medical record of the user, the type of vehicle owned by the user, and/or the vehicle&#39;s license plate number. The information can be provided to called party  200  when the keystroke sequence is used to establish the wireless communication session. The information may also be stored in a database accessible by called party  200 . For example, the information may be stored in at least one of database  290  and database  390 . 
   In step  306 , when a user of wireless device  100  inputs the keystroke sequence on keyboard  120 , microprocessor  110  can retrieve the called number from memory  112 . In a specific example, if the user presses the “power-off” key while holding down the “*” key, microprocessor  110  knows that 911 is to be used as the called number. Other keystroke sequences can associate other telephone numbers with other called parties. In step  308 , at least one component of wireless device  100  can deactivated or disabled by microprocessor  110 . The component may be a display, e.g., display  130 , or a notifier, such as notifier  170 , or both. Deactivation of display  130  creates an appearance that wireless device  100  has been powered off. Deactivation of notifier  170  prevents any incoming call intended for wireless device  100  from alerting any person in the vicinity of wireless device  100  of the existence of wireless device  100 . As known to one skilled in the art, wireless device  100  can be programmed with these functions. 
   In step  310 , microprocessor  110  can use the called number to establish a wireless communication session with called party  200 . In the first specific example, the microprocessor can use “911” as the called number to call a PSAP as called party  200 . The wireless communication session can be established using a number of components of wireless device  100 , including DSP  140  and antenna  150 . 
   In step  312 , initial location information can be generated by at least one location system, which may be one or more of location systems  180 ,  280 , and  380 . The initial location information can pinpoint the location of wireless device  100  at the time the initial location information is generated. The initial location information may be generated using any of the known methods discussed above. In step  314 , the initial location information can provided to called party  200  during the wireless communication session. The initial location information is preferably provided to called party  200  as soon as it is generated. 
   In step  316 , the wireless communication session is maintained. Called party  200  preferably has exclusive control over the wireless communication session. Exclusive control means that only called party  200  can terminate the session. The exclusive control can prevent the wireless communication session from being terminated by anyone, whether accidentally or intentionally. 
   In step  318 , subsequent location information can be generated by one or more of location systems  180 ,  280 , and  380 . The subsequent location information can be generated based on a rule. The rule is preferably stored in one or more of memory  112 , database  290 , and database  390 , to operate location system  180 , location system  280 , and location system  380 , respectively. The rule may comprise generating the subsequent location information continuously. The rule may comprise generating the subsequent location information at regular intervals. The regular intervals may be every few seconds, minutes, or hours, depending on specific application of the embodiment. The subsequent location information can pinpoint a subsequent location of wireless device  100  at the time the subsequent location information is generated. The subsequent location information is preferably provided to called party  200  as soon as it is generated. 
   In step  320 , content surrounding wireless device  100  can be captured by sensing device  160 . Sensing device  160  may be one of several instruments. For example, a microphone may be used as sensing device  160  to capture sound as the content. Similarly, if the content comprises images, the appropriate sensing device would be a camera. A thermometer and a barometer are appropriate sensing devices for temperature and pressure, respectively. The content can be transmitted to called party  200  in step  322 . 
   In step  324 , a recording can be played when an incoming call is received from a third party. The recording may comprise, for example, “Normal functioning of this wireless device is currently suspended. Please leave a message.” The recording may also comprise, for example, “I am in trouble, please call the police.” The recording may further comprise the most current location information at the time the recording is played. The recording can be created by microprocessor  110 . The recording may also be a prerecorded message stored in memory  112 . 
   In step  326 , called party can use one or more of the user information, the location information, and the content to perform an action. The action may comprise, for example, dispatching an emergency response team to the location, and/or using the content as evidence in a litigation. 
   There are a number of specific embodiments that may be implemented. For example, in a first specific embodiment, a crime victim can use the wireless device of the present invention to report a crime in progress to a PSAP. In a second specific embodiment, a law enforcement agent can use the wireless device in an undercover operation. Other embodiments may also be implemented. 
     FIG. 4  is a schematic diagram showing the system architecture of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein a crime victim can use wireless device  100  to report a crime in progress to PSAP  400 . Database  490  is a database that is accessible by PSAP  400 . Database  490  comprises, among other things, information of the kind typically maintained in a 911 database. A specific example involving a victim being car-jacked is described herein to demonstrate how the present invention may be implemented. Wireless device  100  in this embodiment can be a wireless telephone, which is a node of wireless network  300 . Location system  380  is a component of wireless network  300 . 
     FIG. 5  is a flowchart showing the steps involved in using the first preferred embodiment of the present invention. In step  502 , a specific keystroke sequence can be related to “911” as the called number. For example, the keystroke sequence might comprise holding the “*” key down while the pressing the “power off” key. The relationship can be stored in memory  112  of wireless device  100 . In step  504 , information related to the user of wireless device  100  can be stored in a database. The database may be database  490 . The information can comprise the identity of wireless device  100 , the identity of the owner of wireless device  100 , as well as information related to the owner&#39;s vehicle, including the tag number, color, make, and model year of the vehicle. 
   In step  506 , the specific keystroke sequence is received by wireless device  100 . For example, when the owner is being forced by a carjacker to turn off wireless device  100 , she can hold the “*” key down while pressing the “power off” key on keyboard  120  of wireless device  100  to enter the specific keystroke sequence defined in step  502 . In step  508 , display  130  of wireless device  100  can immediately go inactive, giving an appearance that wireless device  100  has been turned off. Preferably, notifier  170  of wireless device  100  is also deactivated at the same time. Moreover, incoming audio can also be muted so that noise is not heard from wireless device  100 . 
   In step  510 , unbeknown to the carjacker, wireless device  100  can establish a wireless communication session with PSAP  400 . The wireless communication session can be initiated by microprocessor  110  that dials 911 because it had recognized the specific keystroke sequence to be related to 911. In step  512 , a location system, such as location system  380 , can generate initial location system pinpointing the location of wireless device  100 . In step  514 , the initial location system is preferably provided to PSAP  400  as soon as it is generated. 
   In step  516 , the wireless communication session is maintained. Preferably, PSAP  400  has exclusive control over the wireless communication session. Exclusive control means that only PSAP  400  can terminate the session. In step  518 , location system  380  can generate subsequent location information. The subsequent location information may be generated continuously, or it may be generated at regular intervals, e.g., every minute or every five minutes. The subsequent location information can pinpoint a subsequent location of wireless device  100 . The subsequent location information is preferably provided to PSAP  400  as soon as it is generated. In step  520 , PSAP  400  can use one or both of the initial and subsequent location information to perform an action. The action may be to dispatch an emergency response team to assist the use&#39;r of wireless device  100 . 
     FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram showing the system architecture of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein a law enforcement agent can use the wireless device during an undercover operation. Operation center  600  is the called party in this embodiment. Wireless device  100  and operation center  600  are nodes of wireless network  300 . Microprocessor  110 , memory  112 , sensing device  160 , location system  180 , and signal detector  190  are components of wireless device  100 . Sensing device  160  may be any instruments that can capture content. For example, sensing device  160  may be one or more of a microphone, a camera, a thermometer, and a barometer. Signal detector  190  is an electronic device that can detect signals or stimuli associated with the content such as sound, images, temperature, and pressure. Sensing device  160  and signal detector  190  may be an integrated component. 
     FIG. 7  is a flowchart showing the steps involved in using the second preferred embodiment of the present invention. In step  702 , a keystroke sequence is related to the telephone number that is associated with operation center  600 . The specific keystroke sequence may comprise, for example, pressing one special key on keyboard  120 . In step  704 , the keystroke sequence and the telephone number of operation center  600  can be stored in memory  112 . In step  706 , when the undercover officer presses the special key on keyboard  120 , the keystroke sequence is received by microprocessor  110 . 
   In step  708 , microprocessor  110  can suspend normal functions of wireless device  110  so that wireless device  100  has an appearance of being powered off. Wireless device  100  preferably has voice recognition capabilities. Wireless device  100  can be equipped with signal detector  190 . Signal detector  190  is preferably an electronic device that is sensitive to picking up signals or stimuli having certain characteristics. For example, signal detector  190  may be programmed to recognize a stimulus or signal comprising certain words of the undercover officer such as “Hello.” 
   Signal detector  190  can detect a stimulus or signal in step  710 . The stimulus may be the word “Hello” uttered by the undercover officer. Once the signal is detected, microprocessor  110 , in step  712 , can establish a wireless communication session with operation center  600 . In step  714 , location system  180  can generate location information pinpointing the location of wireless device  100 . In step  716 , the location information can be provided to operation center  600 . In step  718 , sensing device  160  can capture content. For example, if sensing device  160  is microphone, sounds surrounding wireless device  100  may be captured by it. In step  720 , wireless device  100  can transmit the content captured by sensing device  160  to operation center  600 . In step  722 , one or more of the location information and the content may be used to perform an action. The action may be to use the information received by operation center  600  as evidence in a litigation. 
   The foregoing disclosure of embodiments and specific examples of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many variations and modifications of the embodiments described herein will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the above disclosure. The scope of the invention is to be defined only by the claims appended hereto, and by their equivalents.