Abstract:
In the present invention a twin MONOS metal bit line array is read and programmed using a three dimensional programming method with X, Y and Z dimensions. The word line address is the X address. The control gate line address is a function of the X and Z addresses, and the bit line address is a function of the Y and Z addresses. Because the bit lines and the control gate lines of the memory array are orthogonal a single cell can be erased with an adjacent memory, having the same selected bit and control gate lines, being inhibited from erase by application of the proper voltages to unselected word, control gate and bit lines.

Description:
This application claims priority to Provisional Patent Application serial No. 60/303,736, filed on Jul. 6, 2001, which is herein incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of Invention 
     The present invention is related to semiconductor flash memories, and in particular to a twin MONOS flash metal bit array. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     A MONOS EEPROM is comprised of an array of cells that can be independently programmed and read. Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) field effect transistors form the individual memory units of MONOS EEPROM. The Flash MOS transistor includes a source, drain, and floating gate with a control gate connected to a Word Line (WL). Various voltages are applied to the word line and bit lines to program the cell with a binary “1” or “0”, or to erase the cell. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,633 (Ogura et al) is directed toward a twin MONOS cell structure having an ultra short control gate channel with ballistic electron injection into the nitride storage sites and fast low voltage programming. U.S. Pat. No. 6,134,156 (Eitan) is directed toward a method of detecting the content of a selected memory cell including the charging of bit lines and drain lines. An array scheme shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,011,725 (Eitan) is directed toward a polysilicon word line routed above the control gates of the cells connected to the word line WL, referred to as dual bit NROM cells. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/099,030 dated Mar. 15, 2002 is directed toward providing a method of memory cell selection and operation to obtain wide program bandwidth and EEPROM erase capability in a MONOS memory cell. 
     In FIG. 1A is shown a cross section of a dual bit NROM array of prior art with a word line WL 0 , bit line diffusions BL 0 , BL 1 , BL 2  and BL 3 , and nitride storage sites M 0 , M 1 , M 2 , and M 3 . The schematic of the dual bit NROM array is shown in FIG.  1 B. Bit lines and word lines run orthogonal to each other. In FIG. 2A is shown cross section of a twin MONOS array of prior art with bit diffusions BL 0 , BL 1 , BL 2 , and BL 3 , control gates CG 0 , CG 1 , CG 2 , and CG 3 , word line WL 0  and nitride storage sites M 0 , M 1 , M 2 , M 3 , M 4 , M 5 , M 6  and M 7 . Control gates, separate from the word lines lay above the nitride storage sites and the bit lines. FIG. 2B shows a schematic diagram of the twin MONOS array of prior art. In the conventional MONOS MOS transistor the programmable component under the control gate in the MONOS device is a nitride as shown in FIG.  2 A. The twin MONOS memory unit is comprised of a control gate such as CG 1  in CELLI[ 1 ] under which are two separate sites, such as M 2  and M 3 , that are used as storage sites in composite nitride layers. The bit line diffusion, BL 1 , lies under the control gate, CG 1 , and an independent polysilicon word line, WL 0 , lies between the control gates of adjacent cells. 
     U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/810,122, dated Mar. 19, 2001, is directed toward providing a twin MONOS memory cell organized in a metal bit array. In the metal bit twin MONOS array similar to that shown in FIG. 3 of the present invention, control gate lines run in parallel with the word lines in order to simplify the fabrication processing steps and masking levels. Thus the organization of the array must be arranged so that the metal bit lines run orthogonal to both the control gate lines and the word lines. The metal bit lines are connected by alternating contacts to the junction regions of the memory cells. The metal bit array is more similar to a folded bit line array. Control gate lines are parallel to and alternate with word lines. Due to the “L” shape of the memory cell, the bit line selection can not be independent of the control gate selection. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an objective of the present invention to provide a method of numbering and selection for the twin MONOS metal bit line memory array. 
     It is also an objective of the present invention to address a memory cell as a function of the word line, bit line and control gate of the twin MONOS metal bit line memory array. 
     It is yet an objective of the present invention to form a unique address that is a function of three dimensions of the twin MONOS metal bit line memory array. 
     It is another objective of the present invention to provide voltage conditions for the twin MONOS metal bit line array during a read operation. 
     It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide a method of voltage sensing while reading a cell of the twin MONOS metal bit line array. 
     It is still another objective of the present invention to provide a method of current sensing while reading a cell of the twin MONOS metal bit line array. 
     it is still yet another objective of the present invention to provide a method and voltages for a single cell erase operation. 
     A new method of selection and numbering for the metal bit memory array is introduced in the present invention. The address of a memory cell is the function of the word line, bit line and control gate. A unique set of address bits must incorporate all three dimensions in which the X dimension corresponds to the word line address, the Y dimension corresponds to the bit line address and the Z dimension corresponds to the control gate with an even and odd property. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     This invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
     FIG. 1A shows a cross section of an array using a dual bit NROM cell of prior art, 
     FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of the dual bit NROM cell array of prior art. 
     FIG. 2A shows a cross section of an array using a twin MONOS diffusion bit cell of prior art, 
     FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of the diffusion bit cell Twin MONOS array of prior art, 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic of a twin MONOS metal bit memory array of the present invention showing a labeling scheme, 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention showing voltage conditions during a read operation, 
     FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the present invention for sensing cell current in a twin MONOS metal bit array, 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the present invention showing the voltages applied to a MONOS metal bit line array for a program operation, and 
     FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the present invention showing the voltages applied to a MONOS metal bit line array for a single cell erase operation. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     FIG. 3 shows an example of a labeling scheme for a metal bit line array. Word lines WL[ 0 ] and WL[ 1 ], and control gate lines CG 0 , CG 1  and CG 2  run horizontally and alternate with each other. Bit lines run vertically and are labeled as BL_EV 0 , BL —OD[0], BL _EV[ 1 ], BL_OD[ 1 ], BL_EV[ 2 ], . . . The odd “_OD” and even “_EV” property of the bit line corresponds to the least significant bit of the selected control gate line. For a given word line and control gate address, the word line address number is determined by the X address. The control gate addressing is a function of both the X and Z addresses. The Table 1 summarizes the control gate addressing: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Selected Word 
                 Selected Control 
                 Selected 
               
               
                 X 
                 Y 
                 Z 
                 Line 
                 Gate 
                 Bit Line 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 0 
                 0 
                 0 
                 WL[0] 
                 CG[0] 
                 BL_EV[0] 
               
               
                 0 
                 0 
                 1 
                 WL[0] 
                 CG[1] 
                 BL_OD[0] 
               
               
                 1 
                 0 
                 0 
                 WL[0] 
                 CG[2] 
                 BL_EV[0] 
               
               
                 1 
                 0 
                 1 
                 WL[0] 
                 CG[3] 
                 BL_OD[0] 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     If both X and Z are even, then CG[X] is selected. When either X or Z is odd, then CG[X+1] is chosen, and if both X and Z are odd, then CG[X+2] is chosen. Bit line selection is a function of Y and Z addresses. If the selected control gate line is even, then BL_EV[Y] will be chosen. Similarly, if the selected control gate line is odd, then BL_OD[Y] will be selected. 
     During read and program operations, a memory cell containing a pair of two hard bits is selected at one time within an I/O slice. A storage site is called a “hard bit”, and I/O slice is defined as an array of memory cells that share a single pair of sense amplifiers or program latches. The number of memory cell columns in an I/O slice corresponds to the Y bit line decode. 
     Prior to any read, program or erase operation, the resting state of the memory may be as follows: all of the control gates and bit lines are biased to VDD, and all of the word lines are connected to GND. The p-well of the memory array is connected to GND. The purpose of applying the VDD voltage to all of the control gates and bit lines is for two reasons. First, the read access time is faster if the override control gate voltage is charged between VDD and VCGo, which is the control gate override voltage, instead of GND and VCGo. The second reason is that only by applying a high voltage to all of bit lines is it possible to read one memory cell without contaminating the signal with effects from the neighbor cell. 
     FIG. 4 shows the voltage conditions of an I/O slice during read. The voltage conditions of the unselected cells are as follows: un selected bit lines  10  are at VDD, unselected word lines  11  are GND, and unselected control gates lines  12  are at VDD. When an X, Y, Z address is specified, one memory cell  13  is chosen from the I/O slice. The selected control gate line  14  is determined by the X and Z addresses, and remains biased to VDD, or floating near VDD, or is fixed to some voltage near VDD. If VDD is not sufficient to obtain memory cell current, the selected control gate line  14  may be biased to a voltage higher than VDD, but lower than the override voltage. The adjacent control gate line  15 , designated as an override control gate, which is on the other side of the selected word line  16 , is raised to VCGo (VCG override). The selected bit line  17 , which is determined by Y and Z addresses, is pulled down to GND, or a low voltage. The two bit lines  18  and  19 , which are adjacent to the selected bit line 17 , are charged to VDD, then floated and connected to a sense amplifier (named VDD Sense). Raising the voltage on the selected word line  16  triggers the read operation. When the selected word line  16  is raised from GND to VDD, the voltage on the two floating bit lines  18  and  19  will either remain at VDD, or fall, depending on the threshold voltage of the memory bit. Although two memory bits are selected simultaneously, the signal on the two sensing bit lines  18  and  19  will develop independently of each other. 
     It should be noted that the default resting voltages for the CG lines and the bit lines was chosen to be VDD in order to minimize the number of voltage regulators. However, it may be practical to use other voltages lower or higher than VDD, for other reasons, such as faster performance or signal development. The main concern governing selection of the resting voltages for the CG and BL lines is that the BL voltage should be sufficiently high to inhibit the neighbor unselected cell&#39;s gate to source voltage. 
     During bit line signal development, if the sense bit line voltage falls below VDD minus the threshold voltage of the selected word gate, the Vt of the neighboring memory cell may start to affect the bit line signal, if it is programmed to a low threshold memory state. Thus, if voltage sensing is used, it is necessary to sense before the bit line voltage falls below VDD minus the threshold voltage of the memory cell word gate. 
     Another method of sensing the metal bit array is through current sensing. FIG. 5 shows the circuit path for current sensing. The sensing bit line  30  is connected to a source/drain of a decoupling NMOS transistor pair  31 , and the other source/drain is connected to a PMOS current mirror  32 . Gain may be added in the current mirror stage by setting the ratio of the source and mirror PMOS transistors, P 1  and P 2  respectively. W/L refers to the transistor strength ratio in which W is the transistor width and L is the transistor length. Current gain by a rough factor of m can be obtained in the mirror stage by increasing the ratio of W/L by the same factor of m. During current sensing, the voltage of the sensing BL is fixed to VDD-Vt-ntr, in which Vt-ntr is the threshold voltage of the nchannel pass transistors In order to prevent the neighboring cell from affecting the bit line signal, it is necessary to ensure the condition that Vt−ntr&lt;=word gate Vt. In this current sensing scheme, the selected bit line is grounded. However, there are two transistors N 1  and N 2  which connect the bit line  30  to ground. Transistor N 1  is a large W, small L device, which is used to pull down the bit line quickly for fast access time. Transistor N 2  may be a smaller W or larger L device, which may be used during signal development to maintain a non-moving sensing bit line voltage. The device sizing is determined in order to balance with the pull up transistor P 1  on the sensing bit line. If the N 2  transistor is too strong, then the sensing bit line will move down. 
     FIG. 6 shows the voltages on the metal bit line array for program mode. The same set of bit lines and control gates are selected as for the read operation shown in FIG. 4 with the same set of unselected word line, bit line and control gate line voltages. The unselected bit lines  10  are set to VDD, the unselected control gate line is set to VDD, and the unselected word line is set to ground (GND). The adjacent control gate line  16  on the opposite side of the selected word line  15  from the selected control gate line  14  is connected to an override voltage VCGo. The selected control gate  14  and the selected bit line  17  are raised to a high voltage of approximately around 5V. The selected word line  15  is connected to a low voltage of approximately 1V. The two sensing bit lines  18  and  19  are connected to two program latches which will pull the bit lines down to GND, or near GND, for “0” program data. If the data in the program latch is a “1”, the sensing bit line voltage will remain at VDD, and the memory cell will not be programmed because the word gate voltage minus the source voltage is less than Vth of the memory cell. The voltage of the selected word line  15  is set low to limit the cell current to a range of approximately 3-5 uA by a word gate voltage in the range of approximately 0V to 1.3V. 
     There are several ways to divide the metal diffusion twin MONOS array for erase. The most conventional way is by block sizes of 128 kb or greater. However, in addition to the conventional flash erase, the metal diffusion twin MONOS array has the unique ability to select a minimum erase block size of one memory cell (containing two hard bits). FIG. 7 shows suggested voltage conditions for a single memory cell erase  13 , and erase inhibit of the neighbor memory cell  20 . The control gate line  16  on the opposite side of the selected word line  15  remains at the resting voltage, around VDD, and the selected word line  15  is set to approximately −1V. The selected control gate line  14  is set to approximately −3V and the override control gate line  12  is set to VCGO. The selected bit line  17  is biased to a high voltage VBLHI of around 4 to 5V. With these voltage conditions, memory cell  13  can be erased by a combination of F-N tunneling and hot hole erase. Hot holes are generated at the edge of the high voltage junction and swept into the nitride to recombine with the trapped electrons. The negative word line voltage induces a negative word gate channel voltage by capacitive coupling, which further accelerates hot hole erase, especially near the word gate, which is further from the high voltage junction. Unselected memory cell  20  shares the same high voltage bit line and negative control gate line as the selected memory cell  13 . However, hot hole injection is inhibited by the following additional voltage conditions: The word line  11  on the opposite side of the selected control gate line  14  from the selected word line  15  is set to approximately +3V. The unselected bit lines  10  remain at the resting voltage, around VDD, and the bit lines  18  and  19  adjacent to the selected bit line  17  are also maintained to around VDD. The single cell erase is possible because the selected control gate line  14  is orthogonal to the selected bit line  17 , which allows the selection of two memory cells  13  and  20 . In these two memory cells, erase can be inhibited in one cell  20  by passing a positive voltage from bit lines  18  and  19 , under the overridden control gates of control gate line  12 , and under the positively biased word gates connected to word line  11 . The voltage at the high voltage erase junction connected to bit line  17  will be reduced. A channel voltage under the word gate, close to the high voltage junction of approximately 1V instead of 0V reduces the generation of hot holes and thus erase does not occur. 
     While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.