Abstract:
An adjustable helmet, particularly a cyclist&#39;s helmet having at least one longitudinal spar which is intended to be positioned above the parting, two end pieces one of which is intended to be positioned above the forehead and the other one above the back of the head. Guides between the end pieces and the longitudinal spar which are aligned approximately in parallel with the parting. Two lateral elements which are intended to be positioned above the temples, guides between the end pieces and the lateral elements which are aligned obliquely to the parting, and an adjusting and/or locating device for the relative position of the longitudinal spar, end pieces, and lateral elements.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     Not Applicable 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH 
     Not Applicable 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to an adjustable helmet, particularly a cyclist&#39;s helmet. 
     Helmets are headpieces made of plastic or metal which are intended to protect the user from detrimental or injury-causing influences. Thus, driver&#39;s helmets serve for shock absorption during a fall, worker&#39;s helmets protect from objects that fall down, and fireman&#39;s helmets which additionally have a vapour-deposited outer surface protect from the effects of heat. Helmets are also used in various sports as a protection against falls, sports equipment or objects that fall down, particularly in cycling, inline skating, riding, ice hockey or mountain climbing. 
     In many cases, helmets consist of a resistive outer shell which, for being worn, may be fixed at some points to an insert which is adjustable or, in part, is even removable and has a crossed rib. Many helmets have an outer shell with a cushioning lining in moulded plastic foam, particularly as a protection from shocks. Such helmets are used in cycling, in particular. However, there are also helmets which are integrally pressed from solid plastic foam and are worn with no specific inserts and with or without a padding. An adjustable chin strap allows them to be safely worn in most designs. 
     The known helmets which are lined with plastic foam or are integrally pressed from solid plastic foam generally are accommodated to a certain head size. However, such helmets also exist with an inner ring or a retaining plate which allow them to be adjustably supported on the circumference of the head to allow accommodation to different head sizes. Such systems may be adjustable, in particular, via Velcro closures or adjusting rings. These possible adjustments, however, involve losses to safety because the head is not directly supported via cushioning members in the shell, at least in some areas. 
     In addition, helmets are known already with exchangeable plastic foam paddings which allow them to be accommodated to various head shapes. However, such systems cause great expenditure and are restricted in variability. 
     Therefore, it is the object of the invention to provide a helmet of an improved adjustability with no loss to safety and with no need to exchange accommodating elements. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An adjustable helmet, particularly a cyclist&#39;s helmet, according to the invention has 
     at least one longitudinal spar which is intended to be positioned above the parting, 
     two end pieces one of which is intended to be positioned above the forehead and the other one above the back of the head, 
     guides between the end pieces and the longitudinal spar which are aligned approximately in parallel with the parting, 
     two lateral elements which are intended to be positioned above the temples, 
     guides between the end pieces and the lateral elements which are aligned obliquely to the parting, and 
     an adjusting and/or locating device for the relative position of the longitudinal spar, end pieces, and lateral elements. 
     This helmet provides adjustability in the longitudinal direction and cross direction by the fact that the longitudinal spar and the end pieces are adapted to be displaced with respect to each other along the guide aligned approximately in parallel with the parting, and that end pieces and lateral elements are adapted to be displaced relative to each other along the guides directed obliquely to the parting. Since the displacement of the end pieces also implies the one of the lateral elements the adjustment of the length and width of the helmet is simultaneous. The adjusting and/or locating devices, in particular, may be such as locate the longitudinal spar, end pieces, and lateral elements in a relative position which is achieved by manually acting on those elements. Thus, the devices may specifically be clamping devices which locate the end pieces on at least one of the guides. However, the devices may also be devices which when actuated cause a change to the relative position of the aforementioned elements to each other. Those can be designed so as to be capable, in addition, of maintaining the elements in an adjusted position. 
     Thus, the inventive helmet allows to make changes to both the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of a helmet in an extremely simple manner. The components the relative position of which is changed here may be cushioning elements which are made from a plastic foam, for example, so that no losses to safety will occur. Moreover, it is unnecessary to exchange components for an adjustment to different head sizes. 
     According to an advantageous aspect, the helmet may have two longitudinal spars which are approximately parallel. Each of these parallel longitudinal spars may be guided with respect to the end pieces by means of guides aligned approximately in parallel with the parting. Preferably, the parallel longitudinal spars may be connected to each other by cross webs in order to form a particularly stable helmet component which can be arranged above the parting. 
     The end pieces may have longitudinal-spar end portions which are flush with the at least one longitudinal spar and which are engaged by the guides aligned approximately in parallel with the parting. This helps achieve a continuation of the stabilizing, weight-saving, and air permeable spar structure up to the inside of the end portions. 
     According to another aspect, the lateral elements also are designed as curved spars. The end pieces further may be designed with legs aligned in a U shape and/or V shape which are engaged by the guides aligned obliquely to the parting. 
     If the aforementioned aspects are combined with each other the helmet will be of a structure comprising longitudinal spars overlapping the partings and lateral spars overlapping the temples with all of the spars being converged at the ends above the back of the head and the forehead in end piece material accumulations which provide a particularly good protection. 
     According to another aspect, guides directed transversely to the parting are arranged between the at least one longitudinal spar and the lateral elements, which stabilize the helmet in a cross direction and prevent a relative displacement of the longitudinal spar and the lateral elements in a longitudinal direction. 
     The guides directed in parallel with and/or obliquely to and/or transversely to the parting may have straight-lined guide bodies which engage complementary pockets of the longitudinal spar and/or the end pieces and/or the lateral elements. Then, the guides may be completely integrated in the cross-sections of the various components so as not to form interfering components or components that are even apt to cause injuries. 
     If was mentioned already the adjusting and/or locating device may solely serve for fixing the elements in their manually adjusted relative position. Instead, however, it may be a device which allows to adjust the relative position. In addition, the setting device may have self-locking properties such that it also is a device for locating the elements in the relative position chosen. 
     The adjusting and/or locating device may be designed in different ways. In a particularly advantageous aspect, this device has at least one setting screw which engages at least two of the elements adapted to be displaced relative to each other in order to change their relative position by rotating the setting screw by means of an actuating member which is connected thereto. The guides between the displaceable elements ensure that the elements which are not engaged by the setting screw are appropriately displaced. Moreover, the setting screw may fix the elements in the relative position adjusted by means of a threadable, self-locking engagement with these. 
     It is particularly advantageous if the setting screw extends across three adjacent elements the relative position of which needs a displacement, and engages at least the two outer ones of these elements because a uniform displacement of all elements and a particularly firm coherence thereof may then be realized in their adjusted position. To this end, the setting screw particularly may extend through the longitudinal spar and into the two end pieces so as to cause their displacement directly and the displacement of the lateral elements indirectly via guides. 
     Generally, however, it is also possible for the setting screw to extend through the longitudinal spar and into the two end pieces in a cross direction in order to displace the lateral elements directly and the end pieces indirectly via guides. Further, the setting screw may also extend into two end pieces through a lateral element or into two lateral elements through one end piece. 
     According to an advantageous aspect, the setting screw is designed to be flexible so that it may follow a bulging of the elements being adjusted that these have for an adaptation to the general shape of a human&#39;s head. This also helps achieve that the screw is surrounded by cushioning material at any point, which farther improves safety. On the other hand, this favours an accommodation of the elements being adjusted to the shape of the head and their thin-walled design. It is preferred that the setting screw be designed flexible if it extends across elements that need an adjustment. 
     The setting screw engages at least one of the elements to be adjusted by being in a threadable engagement with those. Basically, it may be in a threadable engagement with all elements through which or into which it extends. Oppositely directed threads or threads having different pitches can ensure that the elements are displaceable towards each other or away from each other by rotating the setting screw. It is not definitely necessary for the screw to engage the longitudinal spar. Rather, its position may be clearly defined by guides which are parallel or directed transversely to the parting. 
     According to an advantageous aspect, the setting screw has an axial support on one of the elements so that when actuated it will not be displaced with respect to this element. This favours a stationary mounting of an actuating member. 
     According to a further aspect, there are two setting screws which are symmetrically arranged. This promotes an axial alignment, a setting, and a safe location of the elements. For example, the setting screws may be guided into the two end pieces through longitudinal spars which are substantially parallel. However, they also may extend into the two end pieces through the two lateral elements. In addition, it naturally is also possible for the two setting screws to extend into the lateral elements through the two end pieces. 
     Two setting screws may be adjustable by means of a separate or common actuating member which acts on the two setting screws via a gear set. The gear set may specifically be a wheel gear set. In particular, it may be a spur gear set, a bevel gear set or a worm gear set, depending on how the setting screws and the actuating member are aligned towards each other. 
     On a principle, however, the adjusting and/or locating device can be designed in another way. For example, it may have two toothed racks the ends facing away from each other are connected to various elements that need an adjustment (e.g. the end pieces) and, in an overlapping area, mesh with a gear which is supported on a further element (e.g. the longitudinal spar) and can be adjusted by means of an actuating member. The actuating member may be arranged on the same element as is the gear, or on another, in which case it is connected to the gear via a shaft. The toothed racks and, if necessary, the shaft may be designed to be flexible. 
     Preferably, the actuating member is designed as an adjusting gear. 
     The elements being adjusted which are intended to be positioned on the head of the wearer directly or via a padding on the inside may be made, completely or in part, of a cushioning material. Specifically, they may be made of a plastic foam. 
     The adjusting and/or locating devices may be made, completely or in part, of a plastic material. 
     The material which also is particularly suited for use in guide bodies of the guides is plastic or metal. 
     Generally, it is possible for the elements being adjusted to define the outer surface of the helmet. Furthermore, the helmet may have a shell at its outside. This can be fixed, in particular, only to one of the elements that need an adjustment. However, the shell can also be defined by portions that imbricatedly overlap each other and are fixed only to one of the elements each. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings of an embodiment. In the drawings: 
     FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a helmet skeleton with the adjustable components in their smallest settings; 
     FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the same helmet skeleton in its intermediate setting; 
     FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the same helmet skeleton in their largest setting; 
     FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a longitudinal spar of the same helmet skeleton. 
     FIG. 5 shows the same helmet skeleton with an outer shell affixed. 
     FIG. 6 shows the same helmet skeleton with an affixed outer shell comprising a plurality of portions. 
     FIG. 7 shows the same helmet skeleton with an affixed outer shell comprising a plurality of portions which overlap each other. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     While this invention may be embodied in many different forms, there are described in detail herein a specific preferred embodiment of the invention. This description is an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiment illustrated. 
     The helmet has two longitudinal spars  1 ,  1 ′ which are integrally connected to each other by cross webs  2 ,  2 ′. This component is intended to be worn approximately above the parting. 
     It further has two end pieces  3 ,  3 ′ of which one  3  is intended to be worn above the forehead and the other one  3 ′ is intended to be worn above the back of the head. The end pieces  3 ,  3 ′ each are integrally connected to longitudinal-spar end portions  4 ,  4 ′,  5 ,  5 ′ of which the ones  4 ,  5  are flush with the longitudinal spar  1  and the other ones  4 ′,  5 ′ are flush with the longitudinal spar  1 ′. The longitudinal-spar end portions  4 ,  4 ′ of the end pieces  3 ,  3 ′ also are connected to each other by cross webs  6 ,  6 ′ here, which stabilizes them. 
     Moreover, the end pieces  3 ,  3 ′ have integral legs  7 ,  7 ′ and  8 ,  8 ′ which extend towards the temples along the sides of the forehead and the back of the head. Legs  7 ,  7 ′ are arranged approximately in a U shape and legs  8 ,  8 ′ are arranged approximately in a V shape. 
     Legs  7 ,  8  and legs  7 ′,  8 ′ each have arranged a lateral component  9 ,  9 ′ therebetween, the latter of which is drawn in broken lines. The lateral elements  9 ,  9 ′ are realized as a spar which is curved at least at its outside. They are provided with lateral through openings  10 ,  10 ′. 
     Each of the aforementioned components is made of a cushioning plastic foam. 
     Between the longitudinal spar  1  and the longitudinal-spar end portions  4 ,  5  and between the longitudinal spar  1 ′ and the longitudinal-spar end portions  4 ′,  5 ′, there are guide bodies  11 ,  12  and  11 ′,  12 ′ which are designed as plastic sleeves. At their one ends, these have a projecting border  13 ,  14  at which they are anchored each on a longitudinal spar  1 . At their other end, they are guided in pockets  15 ,  16  of the adjacent end pieces  3 ,  3 ′. The guides thus formed are aligned approximately in parallel with the parting of a wearer and are slightly curved in conformity with the bulging of the components  1 ,  1 ′,  3 ,  3 ′. 
     In addition, the lateral elements  9  and the legs  7 ,  8  as well as the lateral component  9 ′ and the legs  7 ′,  8 ′ have disposed therebetween guides with guide bodies  17 , 18  and  17 ′,  18 ′ which are aligned obliquely to the parting of swearer in conformity with the legs. At this point, the guide bodies  17 ,  18  which can be plate-shaped plastic elements can be anchored in the lateral elements  9 ,  9 ′ and can be inserted in pockets of the legs  7 ,  8  and  7 ′,  8 ′. 
     Finally, the longitudinal spar  1  and the lateral component  9  as well as the longitudinal spar  1 ′ and the lateral component  9 ′ have disposed therebetween guides directed transversely to the parting which also have guide bodies  19 ,  19 ′. Again, those can be plate-shaped plastic bodies. Those guide bodies  19 ,  19 ′ can also be anchored in a lateral component  9 ,  9 ′ each, on one side, and can be guided in pockets of the longitudinal spars  1 ,  1 ′, on the other. 
     The helmet skeleton thus formed can be easily slid together by inserting the lateral elements  9 ,  9 ′ with the guide bodies  19 ,  19 ′ into the longitudinal spars  1 ,  1 ′ and, subsequently, sliding the end pieces  3  and  3 ′ onto the guide bodies  11 ,  11 ′;  17 ,  17 ′, and  12 ,  12 ′,  18 ,  18 ′. 
     This makes it possible afterwards to shift the relative position of the aforementioned components with respect to each other by displacing only two of these components with respect to each other. Preferably, it is the end pieces  3 ,  3 ′ which are displaced relative to each other, the effect being that the lateral elements  9 ,  9 ′ and the longitudinal spars  1 ,  1 ′ will then be forcibly displaced via the aforementioned guides. This causes a simultaneous change to both the longitudinal dimensions and transverse dimensions of the helmet. This is shown as a sequence in FIGS. 1 through 3. 
     For an adjustment and location of the relative position of the elements, there are setting screws of which only one  20  is shown in FIG.  4 . It extends through a through bore  21  of the longitudinal spar  1  and also is passed through the guide bodies  11 ,  12 . The screw  20  has a threaded portion  20 ′ which is in engagement with a respective thread  21  ′ of the through bore  21 . 
     Furthermore, the flexible screw  20  is introduced, at one end, into a blind bore  22  as a continuation of the pocket  15  of the end piece  3 . An end-sided threaded portion  20 ″ of the screw  20  is in engagement with a respective thread  22 ′ of the blind bore  22 . 
     Moreover, the screw  20  is introduced through the guide body  12  and into a through bore  23  as a continuation of the pocket  16  of the end piece  3 ′. The screw  20  is axially supported in the through bore  23  with the supports not being shown. 
     A setting screw  20 ′ which is not shown is introduced through the longitudinal spar  1 ′ and into the end pieces  3 ,  3 ′ in an appropriate relationship. 
     The two setting screws  20  can be actuated via an adjusting gear  24  which acts on respective spur gears of the setting screws via a spur gear which is not shown. The adjusting gear is mounted on the underside of the end piece  3 ′ at a location accessible from outside on the back of the head. 
     Actuating the adjusting gear  24  now makes it possible to displace the end pieces  3 ,  3 ′ towards and away from the interposed longitudinal spars  1 ,  1 ′. This is caused by the axial support of the setting screws  20  in the end piece  3 ′ and the threads engaging the longitudinal spars  1 ,  1 ′ and the end piece  3 . It should be taken into account here that the threads  20 ,  20 ′ are oppositely directed and have different pitches so that rotating the setting screws  20  will cause the end pieces  3 ,  3 ′ to uniformly approach and move away from the longitudinal spars  1 ,  1 ′. 
     In FIG. 5 a shell  31  is affixed to the outside of the helmet by at least one affixer  33 . In this figure the shell is affixed to only one of the elements that need an adjustment. In this embodiment it is affixed to a longitudinal spar  1 . However, the shell can also be defined by shell portions  31   a,    31   b,    31   c  as shown in FIG.  6 . As shown in FIG. 7 the shell portions  31   a,    31   b,    31   c  may also overlap each other. In at least one embodiment each shell portion is affixed individually to each one of the at least one longitudinal spar ( 1 , 1 ′), the at least one end pieces ( 3 , 3 ′), and the at least one lateral elements ( 9 , 9 ′). 
     The above Examples and disclosure are intended to be illustrative and not exhaustive. These examples and description will suggest many variations and alternatives to one of ordinary skill in this art. All these alternatives and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the attached claims. Those familiar with the art may recognize other equivalents to the specific embodiments described herein which equivalents are also intended to be encompassed by the claims attached hereto.