Abstract:
An axial flow-type pump apparatus with gas seals for separating immiscible flowable materials having different specific gravities and a discharge manifold connected to the fluid pump for drawing off the flowable material having the heavier specific gravity with greatly improved efficiency, and pump and apparatus longevity. The flowable material pump employs a rotatable impeller mechanism having a hollow core and a decreasing axial pitch in the direction of materials flow. The flowable materials are introduced into the inlet end of the rotatable impeller to produce a high velocity swirling action and a low pressure area along the longitudinal axis of the flow line, to generate a high centrifugal force as the flowable materials move axially and cause the flowable material having the heavier specific gravity to migrate to the perimeter while the lower specific gravity materials migrate to the center of the perimeter, whereupon they are separately discharged.

Description:
FILING HISTORY 
       [0001]    This application continues from provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/000,017 filed on Oct. 23, 2007. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates generally to the field of devices for separating flowable material from immiscible fluid mixtures which can include solids, liquids and gases. Pariculate solids are also referred to as fluids in this application for convenience because they are a form of flowable material. More specifically the present invention relates to a gas sealed axial flow pump apparatus for separating immiscible fluids having different specific gravities, including separating particulate solids from liquids, and solids, from other particulate solids liquids from liquids, and gases from liquids. This apparatus is similar to the prior apparatus of applicant described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,189 issued on Jan. 28, 1992, except that the prior mechanical seals are replaced with gas seals. 
         [0004]    The gas seals take the form of pressurized gas delivered into gaps between closely spaced moving parts surrounding a Voraxial mixture stream so that the flowable stream material cannot pass from within the Voraxial rotatable cylindrical drum to the bearings as a result of opposing gas pressure. As a result there is no contact friction such as from prior abutting mechanical seals, so that friction resistance to rotation is eliminated and much greater rotational speeds can be reached with high separation efficiency, and so that mechanical wear of seals is greatly reduced and the life of the separator apparatus is increased as much as ten fold or more. 
         [0005]    The higher rotational speed increases the quantity of fluid processed and ultimately separated by the separator. The higher rotational speed virtually eliminates any potential pressure loss of the fluid passing through the separator and actually creates an increase in pressure. 
         [0006]    This vast improvement discovered by applicant using gas seals has been entirely unrecognized in the materials separation industry. Applicant has found that gas sealing of the pump and spinning cylindrical drum increases the attainable cartridge rotational speed by as much as 3000 revolutions per minute (rpm), or greater. As a result, much larger centrifugal G-forces are developed in the composite fluid than have been possible with previous separators which significantly increases separation performance so that, not only liquids having different specific gravities, but liquids gases and particulate solids can be separated. Examples of mixture combinations of material phase components which can be separated from a mixture by the high speed gas sealed separator apparatus are:
       Liquid/liquid   Liquid/solid   Liquid/liquid/solid   Liquid/solid/solid   Liquid/liquid/gas   Liquid/solid/gas   Liquid/liquid/solid/gas   Liquid/solid/solid/gas   Liquid/gas
 
where solid/solid combinations are particulate solids moving within a flow stream.
       
 
         [0016]    2. Description of the Prior Art 
         [0017]    There have long been separating devices for separating materials in mixtures having different specific gravities. Yet none have satisfactorily and economically separated particulate solids, liquids and/or gases from liquids without a pressure drop and with a small footprint, despite the need for such devices. 
         [0018]    Separation of contaminants including solids, liquids and gases from a composite fluid stream is needed in virtually every industry such as petroleum, sewage, manufacturing and mining, to name a few. In the oil and gas industry, produced water comprises over 98% of the total volume of exploration and production wastewater produced in the United States. Produced water is the associated water that is produced along with oil and/or gas during normal production operations. Produced water is not a marketable product, so it must be disposed of (with this said, many companies are now seeking ways to purify the water to drinking water standards). Produced water may be contaminated with either oil, solids, gases or a combination thereof. In many land-based production operations, the produced water is either injected into a disposal well or is re-injected into a producing well to maintain reservoir pressure and enhance oil recovery. Produced water must be treated prior to re-injection because many of the components can be harmful to the formation or the associated piping. In the case of suspended oil associated with the produced water, it can be separated and sold to generate revenue for the facility. 
         [0019]    Millions of gallons of diesel fuel and jet fuel are transported by ships to various parts of the world for refueling of planes at sea and for delivery to ports. These transport ships contain many compartments for holding the diesel and jet fuel. While the fuels are in these compartments, they may become contaminated with water. However, fuel contaminated with water is unsuitable for use. Thus, at the point of delivery, any fuel contaminated with water will be rejected, and must be returned to the point from which it was shipped for refinement. The re-transportation and refinement of the fuel is both costly and time consuming. 
         [0020]    It is a purpose of my invention to provide a method and apparatus for separating fluids, solids and/or gases from a composite liquid stream. 
         [0021]    Centrifugal separators for the separation of immiscible fluids of different specific gravities are well know. These centrifugal separators employ a rotor for rotating the mixture of fluids, causing the fluid having the lighter specific gravity to migrate to the center of the rotating mass, and the fluid having the heavier specific gravity to migrate to the perimeter, where it can be extracted. Examples of such centrifugal separators are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,478,712 to Arnaudeau, U.S. Pat. No. 3,517,821 to Monson et al., German patent No. 1,186,412 to Groppel, and Swiss patent No. 563,186 to Reynolds. Flow pumps and blowers built on the same general principle are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 1,071,042 to Fuller and U.S. Pat. No. 3,083,893 to Dean, respectively, and in my U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,276,382, 3,786,996, and 3,810,635. 
         [0022]    However, none of these devices provides a sufficiently great G-force in a continuous flow and without a significant pressure drop to create a well-defined boundary between the fluids as they separate under centrifugal force, e.g. by forcing the fluid having the lighter specific gravity to a tight core in the center of a tube of the fluid having the heavier specific gravity, whereby the fluid having the heavier specific gravity can be drawn off in a single pass without the need for additional treatment of the fluid having the lighter specific gravity. Further, none of these devices provides an adjustable mechanism for drawing off the fluid having the heavier specific gravity. It is the solution of these problems to which the present invention is directed. 
         [0023]    It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for separating immiscible fluids having different specific gravities which greatly increases the gravitational force acting on the fluids by accelerating the swirl velocity of the fluids well beyond the capability of mechanically sealed devices while maintaining a high volume flow. 
         [0024]    It is another object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus for separating immiscible fluids having different specific gravities with no contact friction at apparatus seals, so that much greater rotational speeds can be reached and with less energy input for high efficiency. 
         [0025]    It is still another object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus capable of separating liquids, solids and/or gases from liquids and from each other in immiscible fluids having different specific gravities with only one treatment stage. 
         [0026]    It is finally an object of the present invention to provide such a method and apparatus in which mechanical wear of seals is greatly reduced and the life of the apparatus is increased as much as ten fold or more. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0027]    The present invention accomplishes the above-stated objectives, as well as others, as may be determined by a fair reading and interpretation of the entire specification. 
         [0028]    The foregoing and other objects of the invention are achieved by provision of an axial flow-type pump having gas seals for separating immiscible fluids having different specific gravities and a discharge manifold connected to the fluid pump for drawing off the separated fluids, solids or gases. The fluid pump employs a rotatable impeller mechanism having a hollow core and a decreasing axial pitch in the direction of fluid flow. The fluid interface between the pump and the discharge manifold is adjustable, so that the discharge of the fluid having the heavier or lighter specific gravity can be adjusted. 
         [0029]    The method according to the invention comprises introducing the fluids into the inlet end of a rotatable impeller in accordance with the invention, to produce a high velocity swirling action in the fluids and a low pressure area along the longitudinal axis of the flow line, to generate a high centrifugal force as the fluids move axially, thereby throwing the fluid having the heavier specific gravity to the perimeter, and using a discharge manifold in accordance with the invention to draw off the separated fluids, solids or gases. 
         [0030]    A better understanding of the disclosed embodiments of the invention will be achieved when the accompanying detailed description is considered in conjunction with the appended drawings in which like reference numerals are used for the same parts as illustrated in the different figures. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0031]    Various other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following discussion taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: 
           [0032]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional side view of a fluid axial flow type pump with gas seals in accordance with the present invention; 
           [0033]      FIG. 2  is an elevational view of the pump of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0034]      FIG. 3  is a right side elevational view of the pump of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0035]      FIG. 4  is a top plan view of the pump of  FIG. 1 ; and 
           [0036]      FIG. 5  is a partial cross-sectional side view of the pump and discharge manifold of  FIG. 1 , showing the fluid vortex created by the pump and the manner in which the fluid and solids having a heavier specific gravity, and fluids and solids having a lighter specific gravity are drawn off at the discharge manifold; 
           [0037]    Prior Art  FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional side view of a fluid axial flow type pump with\ seals and discharge manifold in accordance with the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0038]    As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure. 
         [0039]    Reference is now made to the drawings, wherein like characteristics and features of the present invention shown in the various FIGURES are designated by the same reference numerals. 
       First Preferred Embodiment 
       [0040]    Referring to  FIGS. 1-5 , an apparatus  10  is disclosed for separating immiscible fluids having different specific gravities in accordance with the invention. 
         [0041]    Separator  10  comprises a fluid flow device  100  of the axial pump type having gas seals, a discharge manifold  200 , and an upstream discharge conduit  300  connecting fluid flow device  100  and discharge manifold  200 . Discharge manifold  200  can be fluid connected to a downstream discharge conduit  400  for carrying the fluid having the lighter specific gravity. As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , axial pump  100  comprises fluid passage means such as a rotatable cylindrical drum or conduit  110  mounted for rotation in a housing  120  and having an inlet  122  and an outlet  124 . Drum  110  provides a passage-way for the fluids. 
         [0042]    Drum  110  is provided with an impeller or rotor  130  comprising helical blades  140  formed integrally with drum  110  to rotate with drum  110 . 
         [0043]    Blades  140  extend radially inwardly short of the longitudinal axis of drum  110  to provide or define an axial hollow core or opening  150 . As blades  140  rotate, core  150  will initiate a low pressure area in the center of the flow line, with the high velocity, higher specific gravity fluid on the outer perimeter, as shown with respect to water W in  FIG. 5 , to provide an inherent separation of the fluids. Where the lower specific gravity fluid, solid or gas, L in  FIG. 5 , gets channeled to the center of the fluid stream while the higher specific gravity fluid, solid or gases, F in  FIG. 5  gets channeled to the outside of the fluid stream again providing an inherent separation of the fluids. 
         [0044]    Blades  140  have a higher axial pitch at their inlet ends  152  which is gradually reduced to a smaller axial pitch at their outlet ends  154 . Preferably, blades  140  have an axial pitch of approximately ten inches at their inlet ends  152  and an axial pitch of approximately five inches at their outlet ends  154 . Although these axial pitches will provide the desired volume and swirl velocity, they can be varied without departing from the spirit of the invention. These units are scalable in design and thus can be manufactured to various sizes to handle different flow rates. 
         [0045]    Blades  140  will supply a flow volume of ten inch axial pitch, and as the helical pitch reduces to five inches, the swirl velocity increases greatly to provide a tight swirling axial movement of the fluids. With the reduction in pitch of blades  140 , the swirl velocity and the centrifugal force are both doubled in comparison to blades of uniform pitch. 
         [0046]    Because of their configuration, each of blades  140  is in contact with the fluids for a complete revolution. Continuous contact with the fluids for one complete revolution is necessary to change the swirl velocity and provide a smooth transition from low to high centrifugal action. Blades  140  also create less turbulence than, for example, shorter impeller blades would. This is a great advantage when one of the fluids is oil or another liquid which is easily emulsified, as the reduced turbulence will prevent emulsification. 
         [0047]    Axial pumps such as pump  100  are normally powered and require a suitable power source such as a motor (not shown) for rotating an input shaft  160  drivingly connected to gearing  170 . Suitable bearing means  180  must be employed for axially positioning and rotatably supporting drum  110  within housing  120 . A detailed description of the structure associated with the drive mechanism for pump  100  can be found in my U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,786,996 and 3,810,635, which are specifically incorporated herein by reference, and made a part hereof as though reproduced herein, with respect to their descriptions of the structure associated with the drive mechanism for a pump. 
         [0048]    Upstream discharge conduit  300  has an inlet end  310  and an outlet end  312 . Inlet end  310  can be fluid connected by conventional means to the tank or other container holding the fluids to be separated, at the point of delivery of the fluids. Drum  110  is conventionally fluid connected at its outlet end  154  to the inlet end  310  of upstream discharge conduit  300 . Outlet end  312  tapers outwardly, that is, its outer edge  314  tapers outwardly in the downstream direction from the inner surface  320  to the outer surface  322  of upstream discharge conduit  300 , for a purpose to be described hereinafter. The angle of the taper, that is, the angle between edge  314  and outer surface  322  preferably is approximately 12 degrees, to obtain optimum results. 
         [0049]    Discharge manifold  200  comprises an axially movable conduit section  210  having substantially the same inner diameter as drum  110 , and having an inlet end  212  and an outlet end  214 . An upstream seal  220  is affixed to conduit section  210  for sealingly connecting conduit section  210  at its inlet end  212  to the outlet end  312  of upstream discharge conduit  300 , and permitting relative axial movement of conduit section  210  and upstream discharge conduit  300 . 
         [0050]    Inlet end  212  tapers outwardly, i.e., its outer edge  230  tapers outwardly in a downstream direction from the inner surface  232  to the outer surface  234  of conduit section  210  for mating engagement with tapered outer edge  314  of upstream discharge conduit  300 . For this purpose, the angle formed between outer edge  230  and inner surface  232  of conduit section  210  is substantially the same as the angle formed between outer edge  314  and outer surface  322  of upstream discharge conduit  300 . 
         [0051]    An adjustment assembly  240  is provided for moving conduit section  210  into and out of engagement with outlet end  312  of upstream discharge conduit  300  for respectively closing and opening discharge manifold  200 . 
         [0052]    Adjustment assembly  240  comprises a platform  250  extending to discharge manifold  200  upstream of outlet end  312  of upstream seal. An operating handle  252  is provided for operating discharge manifold  200 . Handle  252  has a distal end  254  extending outwardly from platform  250  and a proximal end  256  by which it is pivotally mounted to platform  250 . A link  260  is pivotally mounted at one end to moveable conduit section  210  and pivotally mounted at the other end to proximal end  256  of handle  250  through a slot (not shown) in platform  250 . As handle  252  is pivoted, its motion is transmitted to movable conduit section  210  through link  260 . Thus, when handle  252  is pivoted towards upstream discharge conduit  300 , movable conduit section  210  moves away from upstream discharge conduit  300  to open discharge manifold  200 ; and when handle  252  is rotated away from upstream discharge conduit  300 , movable conduit section  210  moves away from upstream discharge conduit  300  to close discharge manifold  200 , and upstream discharge conduit  300  Movable conduit section  210  can be fully engaged, fully disengaged, or any position in between, depending upon the amount handle  252  is rotated. A gauge (not shown) can be provided on platform  250  (e.g. at the slot) to indicate by the position of handle  252  what percentage discharge manifold  200  is open. 
         [0053]    Platform  250  has an upstream end  262  and a downstream end  264 . A first block  270  joins upstream end  262  to upstream discharge conduit  300  and also acts as a stop for discharge manifold  200  in it full closed position. A second block  272  extends downwardly from downstream end  264  of platform  250  and acts as a stop for discharge manifold  200  in the full open position. 
         [0054]    Upstream gas seal has an upstream end  274  and a downstream end  276 . Upstream end  274  seals outlet end  312  of upstream discharge conduit  300 . Downstream end  276  is fixed to inlet end  212  of moveable  10  conduit section  210  upstream of link  260 , e.g., by a weld  278 . 
         [0055]    Gas seals are provided between upstream end  274  relative to outlet end  312  of upstream discharge conduit  300 . A circumferential discharge channel  290  is provided at downstream end  276  immediately adjacent the termination of the taper in edge  314  of upstream discharge conduit  300  to receive the fluid of lighter specific gravity circulating adjacent inner surface  320  of upstream discharge conduit  300  when discharge manifold  200  is open. A discharge port  292  opens into discharge channel  290  for receiving and discharging water from discharge channel  290 . 
         [0056]    Movable conduit section  210  is sealingly connected at its outlet end  214  to downstream discharge conduit  400  with a gas seal as shown in  FIG. 1 . Referring now to  FIGS. 1 and 5 , the operation of the invention will now be described with reference of the delivery of diesel or jet fuel from a transport ship, which fuel has been contaminated by sea water. However, it should be understood that application of the invention is not limited to the separation of water and fuel or to use in the context of fuel transport ships, but can be used for the separation of any two fluids having different specific gravities, e.g. oil and water where water is the primary fluid, sludge and treated water in a water purification system, or in reverse osmosis. 
         [0057]    In operation, the fluids in their unseparated state are fed into inlet  122  of drum  110  using conventional means. As blades  140  rotate, the water W (which has a heavier specific gravity than the fuel L) swirls in a vortex adjacent the inner surface  320  of upstream discharge conduit  300 . The fuel F as the primary fluid, occupies the entire flow line. It is noted that, if the water W were the primary fluid, the water W, which then becomes F in  FIG. 5 , would still migrate to the perimeter, but the low pressure initiated by hollow core  150  would cause the fuel, in this instance L (which has a lighter specific gravity) to be compressed into a tight core around the axis of upstream discharge conduit  300 , as shown in dotted lines in  FIG. 5 . However, if the water W were the primary fluid, then discharge manifold  200  would be replaced by a different discharge manifold, which does not constitute a part of this invention. 
         [0058]    With discharge manifold  200  in the full open position as shown in  FIG. 5 , the water W will flow between edge  314  of upstream discharge conduit  300  and edge  216  of movable conduit section  210  into discharge channel  290 , and out through discharge port  292 . The fuel F, separated from the water W, will continue to flow through discharge manifold  200  and out through downstream discharge conduit  400  to its destination. 
         [0059]    Thus, it will be seen that the present invention provides a unique method for separating immiscible fluids having different specific gravities. While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed, it should be understood that the spirit and scope of the invention are to be limited solely by the appended claims, since numerous modifications of the disclosed embodiment will undoubtedly occur to those of skill in the art. 
         [0060]    While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and shown in various terms or certain embodiments or modifications which it has assumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.