Abstract:
A vehicle has an interior antenna for detecting transmissions from a keyless entry device (KED) and/or a radio frequency device (RFD) associated with a portable item when inside the vehicle, and an exterior antenna for detecting transmissions from the KED and/or the RFD when outside the vehicle. A processor receives determines, based on transmissions received by the interior and exterior antennas, passing of the KED from inside to outside the vehicle, and generates an alert if the interior antenna detects the RFD remaining inside the vehicle after said passing. The processor may further determine passing of the RFD from outside to inside the vehicle based upon detection by the exterior antenna of transmissions indicating the RFD is outside the vehicle, and subsequent detection by the interior antenna of transmissions from the RFD indicating it is inside the vehicle.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims foreign priority benefits under 35 U.S.C. §119(a)-(d) to GB 1316479.3 filed Sep. 17, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for reminding a user leaving a vehicle of the presence of an item in the vehicle. In particular, the invention relates to an apparatus and method of delta tracking items entering a vehicle, items exiting the vehicle and alerting a driver of a vehicle with regards to any of items remaining in the vehicle. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Radio frequency (RF) technology is commonly used for remote keyless entry systems whereby a handheld remote control device is used to lock and unlock a vehicle. For example the vehicle can be locked or unlocked by activation of the handheld device or automatically when the handheld device is within a predetermined distance of the vehicle. 
     Vehicle users can forget to take personal items that they have temporarily stored in their vehicle when they later leave the vehicle. This can cause the user significant inconvenience and annoyance. Also, the forgotten item may have a significant value and may be visible, which could encourage a thief to attempt to break into the vehicle. Typical items often left in a vehicle include a mobile phone, wallet, laptop computer, house keys or sunglasses. 
     Known radio frequency identification (RFID) systems have been used to locate, track and/or identify items in a wide range of applications. Such systems are wireless and non-contact; they use radio frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data from a tag attached to the item. The tag contains electronically-stored information which may be read by a user using a reader device. The tag can be passive (it does not require a battery) and is powered and read at short ranges using an active reader. When used for locating or tracking, typically the user is informed by the reader when the item enters the range of the reader. However, RFID systems allow only one-way communication (from the tag at the item to the reader being operated by the user). 
     In US 2010/0188226 (GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS INC), a system and method are described where the vehicle user, when entering the vehicle, is notified that a particular item is missing, where the item is part of a predetermined group of items. 
     Near field communication (NFC) devices are a development of RFID technology, where NFC devices allow two-way communication. To date, NFC devices have been used mainly for electronic payment/debit systems, smart cards, key fobs and the like. Many modern smartphones can operate as an active NFC device (for sending or receiving data). 
     SUMMARY 
     It is desirable to arrive at an improved system to locate and identify portable items remaining in a vehicle when the vehicle is vacated. 
     Accordingly, a first aspect of the present invention provides a reminder apparatus configured to alert a user, upon leaving a vehicle, to the presence of one or more portable items within the vehicle, the apparatus comprising: 
     a first antenna device located within the vehicle; 
     a second antenna device located external to the vehicle; 
     a radio frequency device associated with each portable item; 
     a keyless entry device; 
     an in-vehicle processor configured to control and communicate the presence of a portable item in the vehicle; and 
     means to output an alert; 
     wherein the first antenna device is configured to establish communication with the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device when the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device is inside the vehicle and the second antenna device is configured to establish communication with the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device when the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device is outside the vehicle; wherein, in use, a signal from the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device is picked up by each of the first and second antenna devices as the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device enters and/or leaves the vehicle respectively; and wherein, in use, the processor is configured to operate the means to output an alert when one or more radio frequency devices remain in the vehicle and when one of more radio frequency devices have exited the vehicle. 
     The first disclosed embodiment therefore provides a reminder apparatus that utilises RF technology that is normally associated with keyless entry activation, but expands the utility of RF technology to alert a driver when he leaves the vehicle and where one or more portable items associated with a RF device are left in the vehicle. 
     Advantageously, unlike NFC based systems, Bluetooth and RFID systems, the disclosed system utilises and expands the utility of existing hardware in a vehicle that operates using RF technology for keyless entry. As such the systems existing utility can be expanded to track portable items that are fitted with and act as signal only RF devices. 
     A radio frequency device may be attached to a portable item. 
     A radio frequency device may be embedded in a portable item. 
     The radio frequency devices associated with each portable item may be configured to send and receive signals only. In contrast, the keyless entry device may be configured to facilitate locking and unlocking the vehicle. 
     The radio frequency devices associated with each portable item may be configured to send and receive signals only upon operation of the keyless entry device to unlock the vehicle, wherein the external antenna device is configured to pick up a signal from each of the radio frequency devices associated with each portable item when the portable items are on the outside of the vehicle and the internal antenna device is configured to pick up a signal from each of the radio frequency devices associated with each portable item when the portable items pass to the inside of the vehicle. 
     The apparatus may further comprise a tracking device configured to track multiple portable items simultaneously as the portable items move from the exterior of the vehicle to the interior of the vehicle and from the interior of the vehicle to the exterior of the vehicle. Tracking movement of the portable items therefore means in the event that the user leaves the vehicle and leaves one item behind, for example a laptop, the apparatus according to the present invention will compare the items identified on entering the vehicle with the items leaving the vehicle and will assess if there is a mismatch. If there is a mismatch the user will be alerted 
     The apparatus may be configured to operate the alert in one or more of the following situations: one or more portable items remain in the vehicle and one or more devices exit the vehicle; 
     one or more portable items remain in the vehicle and one or more devices exit the vehicle and the vehicle door is closed; 
     the keyless entry device remains in the vehicle and the door is closed; 
     the keyless entry device exits the vehicle and one or more portable items remain in the vehicle; and 
     the keyless entry device exits the vehicle and one or more portable items remain in the vehicle and the door is closed. 
     The apparatus may be configured such that activation of the keyless entry device to lock the vehicle disables the alert. 
     Each portable item may be identified by the exterior antenna at the exterior of the vehicle by signal transfer, subsequently on entry to the vehicle each portable item may be identified by the interior antenna by signal transfer. 
     The apparatus may be configured such that the an initial alert is activated in view of one or more portable items, but not all portable items remaining in the vehicle when the user exits the vehicle and a secondary alert may be activated in the event that one or more portable items remain in the vehicle when the vehicle door is closed. For example, the secondary alert may comprise increasing volume of an audible signal. 
     The apparatus may be configured to output an alert when all portable items remain in the vehicle and a journey completion event has been confirmed. 
     It will be appreciated that often a user deliberately leaves one or more portable items in a vehicle, for example to close a garage door. The apparatus may be configured such that an alert is output when the vehicle door is closed and some or all portable items remain in the vehicle. The apparatus may be configured such that that any alert ceases when the vehicle is locked. 
     The apparatus may be configured such that an alert does not sound when the keyless entry device remains in the vehicle. 
     The in-vehicle processor may be configured to output the alert in response to a journey completion event. 
     The journey completion event may comprise switching off of the vehicle engine. The journey completion event may further comprise the driver of the vehicle vacating the driver&#39;s seat, wherein the driver&#39;s seat includes a sensor operable to sense and generate a signal to indicate that the seat status has changed from occupied to vacant. 
     The journey completion event may comprise the vehicle ignition being switched off. The ignition system may comprise a sensor operable to sense and generate a signal to indicate that the ignition status has changed from on to off. 
     The journey completion event may comprise opening and closing of the driver&#39;s door. The driver&#39;s door may comprise a sensor operable to sense and generate a signal to indicate that the door status has changed from closed to open. The door sensor may be operable to sense and generate a signal to indicate that the door status has changed from closed to open to closed. 
     The in-vehicle processor may be configured to communicate with one or more sensors, each of the sensors being operable to indicate the occurrence of a journey completion event and wherein when the sensor indicates that a journey completion event has occurred and when one or more items remain in the vehicle the in-vehicle processor is configured to control when and if an alert is output. 
     The alert may be one or more of an audible sound, visual or haptic. 
     For example, an audible alert may be provided by one or more of the vehicle in built systems, for example a horn or an alarm. A visual alert may be provided, for example by illuminating a light, for example the one or more interior lights or external lights. A visual alert may comprise an instrument panel graphic providing details of the item left behind. A haptic alert may be provided, for example by vibration of, for example a mobile device configured to operate as part of the apparatus. 
     A second aspect of the present invention provides a method of alerting a user upon leaving a vehicle to the presence of one or more portable items within the vehicle, the method comprising: 
     providing a first antenna device located within the vehicle; 
     providing a second antenna device located external to the vehicle; 
     providing a radio frequency device associated with each portable item; 
     providing a keyless entry device; 
     providing means to output an alert; 
     establishing communication by a signal between the first antenna device, the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device when the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device enters the vehicle and establishing communication by a signal between the second antenna device, the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device when the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device exits the vehicle; 
     wherein, in use, a signal from the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device is picked up by each of the first and second antenna devices as the keyless entry device and each radio frequency device enters and/or leaves the vehicle respectively; and 
     tracking if one or more radio frequency devices remain in the vehicle and if one or more radio frequency devices have exited the vehicle outputting and alert. 
     Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  schematically illustrates a vehicle comprising a reminder apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a schematic representation of a vehicle  110  is illustrated. The vehicle  110  includes a reminder apparatus configured to remind a user, in particular a driver  100 , leaving the vehicle of the presence of one or more portable items  112 ,  113 ,  114  and  116  within the vehicle  110 . 
     The reminder apparatus comprises a radio frequency (RF) unit  10  which is located within the vehicle  110  and a first antenna  12  which is located inside the vehicle  110 . In the illustrated example the first antenna  12  is located in the instrument panel  13 . A second antenna  15  is located to the exterior of the vehicle, for example one antenna  15  is located on each of the front doors  16 , for example in the exterior door handle  17 . An exterior antenna  15  may also be provided in the tailgate  19 , for example in the exterior handle  20 . 
       FIG. 1  also shows a keyless entry device  21  carried by driver  100 , for example a key fob, and multiple RF devices  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c ,  22   d  attached to (or otherwise collocated with) respective portable items to be tracked  112 ,  113 ,  114 ,  116 . The illustrated example includes four portable items to be tracked. Each item is inside the vehicle  110 . The illustrated examples are as follows: a mobile telephone  112 , a laptop  113 , a set of keys (for example house keys)  114  and a tablet device  116 . 
     From the above description, it will be appreciated that the items, to which the RF devices  22   a - d  are attached or fitted, can take various forms; some electronic and some non-electronic. As such the RF devices  22   a - 22   d  can be provided as an insert, attachment or an embedded part of a portable item. For example, the RF device can be added to an item in a manner similar to attaching a tag or key ring. 
     The RF devices  22   a - 22   d  associated with the tracked portable items are configured to send and receive RF signals. 
     In use, before the driver  100  enters the vehicle  110 , when the driver  100  is outside the vehicle  110  carrying or transporting one or more of the portable items  112 ,  113 ,  114 ,  116 . He unlocks the door  16  of the vehicle  110  using the key fob  21 . In the illustrated example the vehicle  110  is unlocked by the driver depressing the unlock button  21 A on the key fob  21 . 
     When the driver presses the unlock button  21 A, the RF system sends a request “Are you there?” The key fob  21  responds with a response “here I am”, and generally the correct security code. One of the exterior antennae  15  of the RF system picks up the response transmitted by key for  21 . If the key fob  21  is correctly identified, the system unlocks the doors  16 ,  19 . The system knows the key fob  21  is there, and also knows its location with respect to which antenna  15  picked up the strongest signal. 
     The RF system can identify movement, hence location of the key fob  21  during entry and exit, because when the key fob  21  is outside the vehicle  110  and the driver  100  unlocks the vehicle  110  the exterior antenna  15  in at least one of the door handles,  17 ,  20  picks up the strongest signal, which indicates that the key fob  21  is outside the vehicle  110 . Subsequently, as the driver  100  enters the vehicle  110 , the interior antenna  12  starts picking up the signal also. When the driver  100  and key fob  21  are fully inside the vehicle  110  and the doors  16  are closed, the exterior antennae  15  no longer pick up the signal but the interior antenna  12  does, thus the system now knows that the key fob  21  is inside the vehicle  110 . Similarly the system can track when the key fob  21  leaves the vehicle  110 , as the driver  100  exits the vehicle  110 . 
     Embodiments of the present invention utilize the RF unit  10  to track movement of the additional RF devices  22   a - 22   d  associated with each of the portable items entering and exiting the vehicle  110 , for example a mobile phone  112 , laptop,  113 , keys  114  and tablet  116 . 
     When the driver  100  approaches the vehicle  110  and unlocks the vehicle  110  with the key fob  21  at least one of the exterior antennae  15  picks up a signal from the key fob  21  and each of the RF devices  22   a - 22   d  associated with each of the items  112 ,  113 ,  114 ,  116  about to enter the vehicle  110 . As the key fob  21 , the mobile phone  112 , laptop  113 , keys  14  and tablet  116  move into the vehicle  110  the signal picked up by the exterior antennae  15  weakens and the signal picked up by the interior antenna strengthens. When the door  16  is closed the exterior antennae  15  no longer pick up a signal from the RF devices  22 . Therefore, a clear signal is picked up by the interior antenna  12  and the system “knows” that all portable items are inside the vehicle  110 . 
     In the event that the driver  100  exits the vehicle  110  with all items; the key fob  21 , the mobile phone  112 , the laptop  113 , the keys  114  and the tablet  116  the exterior antenna  15  picks up a signal from the key fob  21  and the RF devices  22   a - 22   d  associated with the  112 ,  113 ,  114 ,  116 . As such the RF system “knows” that all portable items have exited the vehicle  110 . Therefore, no alert is output. 
     However, when the driver  100  exits the vehicle  110  and leaves one or more items behind, for example the mobile phone  112  and the keys  114 , the interior antenna  12  continues to pick up the signal of the RF devices  22  associated with the mobile phone  112  and the keys  114 . The exterior antenna picks up the signal of those items that exit the vehicle  110 , for example the key fob  21 , the laptop  113  and the tablet  116 . Delta tracking indicates that there is a mismatch between what has entered the vehicle  110  and what has exited the vehicle  110 . Therefore, an alert is output to indicate to the driver  100  that portable items have been left in the vehicle  110 . 
     The alert may be output as a two-stage reminder, where a first reminder may include an audible signal. Alternatively or in addition the first signal may be output via an instrument panel display  13 . If the driver  100  ignores the first reminder and subsequently closes the vehicle door  16  the signal may be amplified, for example the volume of an audible alert may increase. Alternatively or in addition exterior lights may be activated or indicator lights may flash. An audible signal may be provided by sounding the horn. 
     If leaving the items behind is intentional the system according to embodiments of the present invention ceases the alert when the vehicle  110  is locked. In the illustrated example, the driver  100  can lock the vehicle  110  by depressing button  21 A on the key fob  21 . 
     In the event that all portable items  112 ,  113 ,  114 ,  116 , including the key fob  21  remain in the vehicle  110 , by default, an alert may not be output because if the key fob  21  remains in the vehicle  110  the driver  100  is unable to lock the vehicle  110 . As such the driver&#39;s  100  own curiosity about the whereabouts of the key fob  21  will lead to the driver  100  retrieving the key fob  21  from the vehicle  110 . 
     An in-vehicle processor associated with the RF system may allow the driver  100  to select the type of alert that is output in the event that one or more items remain inside the vehicle  110 . The in-vehicle processor may allow the driver to control the volume of an audible signal, control the maximum volume, for example when an exterior horn is used and legislation dictates the maximum volume. The driver  100  may also control other types of alert, for example activation of exterior lights, for example flashing side indicators. As such the driver  100  can customize how an alert is output 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the reminder apparatus also includes a controller  30  on-board the vehicle  110 . The controller  30  is configured to control if and when an alert can be output as derived from the signal pick-up between the antennae  12 ,  15  and the RF devices  22 , including the key fob  21 . 
     The controller  30  may be connected to various sensors (not illustrated) in the vehicle  110 , for example door sensors, to control when an alert should be output and to control when the alert should stop in the event that portable items remain in the vehicle. For example an alert is output when one or more portable items remain in the vehicle and the door is closed, but the alert stops when the door is locked. 
     The controller may also communicate with an internal alarm or an external alarm to send a signal or alert to the driver  100  that items remain in the vehicle  110 . For example, the reminder apparatus may be connected to the vehicle alarm which can be programmed to respond to a signal from the controller that some or all of the items entering the vehicle remain in the vehicle when tracking the RF devices as they cross between the border from interior to exterior. 
     The alert signal can be audible, for example a siren or horn, visual, for example flashing lights or an instrument display or haptic, for example a mobile telephone device may vibrate. The alert can be a combination of audible, visual and haptic. 
     While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated that departures from the described embodiments may still fall within the scope of the present invention. While exemplary embodiments are described above, it is not intended that these embodiments describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Additionally, the features of various implementing embodiments may be combined to form further embodiments of the invention.