Abstract:
A real time Taq-Man PCR assay for detecting multiple serotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) wherein the number of serotypes detected exceeds the number of colorimetric channels for detection. A biological sample is combined with three oligonucleotide primer/probe sets such that the probes and primers anneal to a target sequence. Each primer/probe set is at least preferential for a specific serotype of an organism. The first and second primer/probe sets are degenerate with respect to each other. The third primer/probe set is not degenerate with respect to the first and second primer/probe sets and discriminates for a third serotype. The third primer/probe set has a signal moiety that emits signal at a wavelength that is the same or different from the wavelength emitted by the signal moiety of the degenerate primer/probe set probes. The target sequences, if present, are amplified and detected.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/304,941 filed Feb. 16, 2010, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     SEQUENCE LISTING 
       [0002]    The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted via EFS-Web and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Jan. 31, 2011 is named Sequence Listing for Detecting Related Serotypes of HPV, and is 7.55 kilobytes in size. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    More than 80 types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been identified. The different types of HPV cause a wide variety of biological phenotypes, from benign proliferative warts to malignant carcinomas (for review, see McMurray et al., Int. J. Exp, Pathol. 82(1): 15-33 (2001)). HPV6 and HPV11 are the types most commonly associated with benign warts, whereas HPV16 and HPV18 are the high-risk types most frequently associated with malignant lesions. Determination of the specific type of HPV in a clinical sample is, therefore, critical for predicting risk of developing HPV-associated disease. 
         [0004]    Several nucleic acid-based methods have been utilized to identify and quantify specific HPV types in clinical samples, such as detection of viral nucleic acid by in situ hybridization, Southern blot analysis, hybrid capture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Hybrid Capture® II (Qiagen, Inc., Valencia, Calif.) assay utilizes antibody capture and non-radioactive signal detection, but detects only a single target of a given set of HPV types (See, e.g., Clavel et al., British J. Cancer 80(9): 1306-11 (1999)). Additionally, because the Hybrid Capture® II assay uses a cocktail of RNA probes (probe cocktails are available for high risk or low-risk HPV types), it does not provide information as to the specific HPV type detected in a sample, but rather provides only a positive or negative for the presence of high-risk or low-risk HPV. Similarly, many PCR-based methods often involve amplification of a single specific HPV target sequence followed by blotting the resulting amplicon to a membrane and probing with a radioactively labeled oligonucleotide probe. 
         [0005]    Other methods exploit the high homology between specific HPV genes of different types through the use of commercially available consensus primers capable of PCR amplification of numerous HPV types present in a sample. The presence of a specific HPV type is then identified using a type-specific oligonucleotide probe. See, e.g., Kleter et al., Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37(8): 2508-2517 (1999); Gravitt et al., Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38(1): 357-361 (2000). Similarly, assays that utilize degenerate PCR primers take advantage of the homology between HPV types, allowing detection of a greater number of HPV types than methods utilizing specific primer sets. See, e.g. Harwood et al., Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37(11): 3545-3555 (1999). Such assays also require additional experimentation to identify specific HPV types. 
         [0006]    The PCR methods described above can be associated with several problems. For example, differences in reaction efficiencies among HPV types can result in disproportionate amplification of some types relative to others. Additionally, the equilibrium for amplification will be driven towards those types that exist at higher copy numbers in a sample, which will consume the PCR reaction components, thus making amplification of the minor HPV types less likely. 
         [0007]    Also described in the art is a 5′ exonuclease fluorogenic PCR-based assay (Taq-Man PCR) which allows detection of PCR products in real-time and eliminates the need for radioactivity. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,538,848; Holland et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 7276-7280 (1991). This method utilizes a labeled probe, comprising a fluorescent reporter (fluorophore) and a quencher that hybridizes to the target DNA between the PCR primers. Excitation of the fluorophore results in the release of a fluorescent signal by the fluorophore which is quenched by the quencher. Amplicons can be detected by the 5′-3′ exonuclease activity of the TAQ DNA polymerase, which degrades double-stranded DNA encountered during extension of the PCR primer, thus releasing the fluorophore from the probe. Thereafter, the fluorescent signal is no longer quenched and accumulation of the fluorescent signal, which is directly correlated with the amount of target DNA, can be detected in real-time with an automated fluorometer. 
         [0008]    Taq-Man PCR assays have been adapted for HPV type detection. Swan et al. (Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35(4): 886-891 (1997)) disclose a fluorogenic probe assay that utilizes type-specific HPV primers that amplify a portion of the L1 gene in conjunction with type-specific probes. The Swan et al. assay measures fluorescent signal at the end of a fixed number of PCR cycles (endpoint reading) and not in real-time. 
         [0009]    Josefsson et al. (Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37(3): 490-96 (1999)) report a Taq-Man assay that targets a highly conserved portion of the E1 gene in conjunction with type-specific probes labeled with different fluorescent dyes. A number of HPV types were amplified by utilizing a mixture of specific and degenerate primers. Josefsson et al. utilized up to three type-specific probes per assay, which were designed to detect a portion of the E1 gene from different HPV types. Unlike the Swan et al. assay, Josefsson et al. measured the accumulation of fluorescence in real-time. 
         [0010]    Tucker et al. (Molecular Diagnosis 6(1): 39-47 (2001)) describe an assay that targets a conserved region spanning the E6/E7 junction. Like the Josefsson assay, Tucker et al. employed real-time detection and type-specific fluorescent probes. Tucker et al. also utilized multiplex PCR to simultaneously detect HPV target sequences and either the actin or globin cellular loci in the same reaction tube. 
         [0011]    One of the particular challenges with HPV detection is the fact that there are many HPV types of clinical interest. Although multiplex assays for HPV detection are known, the multiplex assays are limited by the number of colorimetric channels for detection. These channels are various wavelengths of light (or ranges or bands of wavelengths). Each channel detects a signal emitted by a signal moiety that emits light at a specific channel wavelength. The number of HPV types that are detected is therefore limited by the number of different, distinctly detectable signal moieties in the assay. 
         [0012]    Despite the development of the HPV assays described above, it would be advantageous to develop a multiplex assay that is highly sensitive and reproducible, and that requires reduced man-hours compared to methods disclosed in the art. Given the many HPV types, it would be useful to detect more HPV types than there are detection channels of the assay. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0013]    The present invention is directed to a real-time PCR amplification that deploys Taq-Man chemistry to simultaneously detect more types of HPV than there are channels for detection. In other words, in an assay with N channels, the number of HPV types that are detected is at least N+1. 
         [0014]    The assay deploys a primer/probe set for detection of each type of HPV that the assay is configured to detect. Among the various serotypes susceptible for detection by the assay include, for example, HPV types 33, 39, 51, 56, 58, 59, and 68. The skilled person will appreciate that the probe/primer sets described herein might be combined with other primer/probe sets for other types of HPV (e.g. 16, 18, and 45). At least one type is detected using a single primer probe set. In the context of PCR amplification using a Taq-Man assay, the primer probe set is at least a forward primer, a reverse primer and a probe. At least two types are selected by a pair of primer probe sets with oligonucleotide sequences that are degenerate with respect to each other. “Degenerate sequences” as used herein, are two oligonucleotide primers or probes that are complementary to the same locus of the same gene of different closely related types and which have minor sequence variations with respect to each other to make them discriminatory between the two types. 
         [0015]    In one embodiment of the present invention, the degenerate primer probes sets are for detection of HPV types 39 and 68. The primer/probe set targets the same locus on the E6 gene of both types. The target length is 91 nucleotides and is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The target is only a segment of the entire E6 gene. The target for the degenerate primer/probe set for HPV types 39 and 68 is SEQ ID NO. 36. In a preferred embodiment the signal moieties for both probes is a cyanine dye label commercially available as CY5. 
         [0016]    In this embodiment, the primer probe set that is not degenerate discriminates for HPV Type 51. The primer/probe set for type 51 also targets the E6 gene, although in a different locus. In a preferred embodiment the signal moieties for this probe in this primer probe set is FAM, which is specifically identified below. 
         [0017]    In a second embodiment of the present invention, the degenerate primer/probes sets are for detection of HPV types 33 and 58. The primer/probe set targets the same locus on the E6 gene of both types. The target length is 138 nucleotides and is illustrated in  FIG. 2 . The target is only a segment of the entire E6 gene. The target for the degenerate primer/probe set for HPV types 33 and 58 is SEQ ID NO. 37. In a preferred embodiment the signal moieties for both probes is FAM. 
         [0018]    In this embodiment, the primer probe set that is not degenerate discriminates for HPV Type 59. The primer/probe set for type 59 also targets the E6 gene, but not necessarily the same locus. In a preferred embodiment the signal moieties for this probe in this primer probe set is CY5, which is specifically identified below. 
         [0019]    In a third embodiment of the present invention, the degenerate primer/probes sets are for detection of HPV types 56 and 66. The primer/probe set targets the same locus on the E6 gene of both types. The target length is 79 nucleotides and is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . The target is only a segment of the entire E6 gene. The target for the HPV type 56 and 66 degenerate primer/probe set is SEQ ID NO. 38. In a preferred embodiment the signal moieties for both probes is CY5. 
         [0020]    In this embodiment, the primer probe set that is not degenerate discriminates for HPV Type 59. The primer/probe set for Type 59 targets the E6 gene. In a preferred embodiment the signal moieties for this probe in this primer probe set is CY5, which is specifically identified below. In this embodiment, the same signal moiety that is used for HPV Type 59 is also used for HPV Types 56 — 66. Since the same dyes are on the same channel, there is no optical discrimination between HPV types 59 and 56 66 in this embodiment. 
         [0021]    This embodiment contemplates a multiplex assay that deploys yet another primer/probe set (either degenerate or discriminatory) for yet another HPV serotype (e.g. the degenerate primer/probe set for HPV serotypes 33 and 58). The signal moiety for this other HPV serotype is not CY5, and emits at a wavelength that is detectably different from the emission wavelength of Cy5 (e.g. FAM). 
         [0022]    In other embodiments, the signal moiety for the HPV Type 59 probe is FAM, which can be optically distinguished from the CY5 signal moiety for the degenerate primer/probe set for HPV serotypes 56 and 66. 
         [0023]    Alternate embodiments contemplate an assay or a probe set or a kit with any and all combinations of the primer/probe sets and the degenerate primer/probe sets described herein. Specifically, any of the primer/probe sets for HPV serotype HPV 51 or HPV 59 can be combined with any of the degenerated primer/probe sets for HPV serotypes HPV 39 — 68; HPV 33 — 58; and HPV 56 — 66. Specifically contemplated is an assay or probe set or a kit which combines the primer/probe set for HPV 51 with the degenerate primer probe set of one or more of HPV 39 — 68; HPV 33 — 58; and HPV 56 — 66. An assay or probe set or a kit which combines the primer/probe set for HPV 59 with the degenerate primer probe set of one or more of HPV 39 — 68; HPV 33 — 58; and HPV 56 — 66. Embodiments where the signal moieties for the probes are the same or different dyes are contemplated. Since a multiplex assay is contemplated, the primer/probe sets can be combined with other primer/probe sets configured to detect the presence or absence of other serotypes of HPV. In those embodiments where the signal moiety for the detector probe in the degenerate primer/probe sets is the same as the signal moiety for the primer/probe set for HPV serotype 51 or 59, it is contemplated that the multiplex assay would include a fourth primer/probe set for a fourth serotype of HPV (e.g. HPV 31, HPV 52, HPV 45, etc.) and that the fourth primer/probe set would have a signal moiety that is different from the signal moieties for the detector probes of the degenerate primer/probe sets and the HPV 51 or 59 primer/probe sets. Also, contemplated herein are multiplex assays in which two degenerate primer/probe sets are combined in one assay. For example, in one microwell, a first degenerate primer/probe set for detecting the present of HPV serotypes 33 and 58 can be combined with a second degenerate primer/probe set for detecting the presence or absence of HPV serotypes 56 and 66. In these embodiments the probes of the first degenerate primer probe set has a signal moiety that emits at wavelength that is detectably different from the emission wavelength of the signal moiety for the second degenerate primer/probe set. In this example the signal moiety for HPV serotypes 33 and 58 probes would be FAM and the signal moiety for HPV serotypes 56 and 66 probes would be CY5. 
         [0024]    In addition to the signaling moieties described above, the probes also have a non-fluorescent dark quencher. One example of a suitable dark quencher is BHQ™ 1 (Biosearch Technologies), which is suited for use with the FAM fluorophore. Another example of a suitable quencher is BHQ™ 2 (Biosearch Technologies), which is suited for use with the CY5 fluorophore. Other examples of signaling moieties are well known to those skilled in the art and are not described in detail herein. 
         [0025]    As used herein, the term “primer” refers to an oligonucleotide that is capable of acting as a point of initiation of synthesis along a complementary strand when placed under conditions in which synthesis of a primer extension product which is complementary to a nucleic acid strand is catalyzed. Such conditions include the presence of four different deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and a polymerization-inducing agent such as DNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase, in a suitable buffer (“buffer” includes components which are cofactors, or which affect ionic strength, pH, etc.), and at a suitable temperature. As employed herein, an oligonucleotide primer can be naturally occurring, as in a purified restriction digest, or be produced synthetically. The primer is preferably single-stranded for maximum efficiency in amplification. 
         [0026]    As used herein, “primer pair” refers to two primers, a forward primer and a reverse primer, that are capable of participating in PCR amplification of a segment of nucleic acid in the presence of a nucleic acid polymerase to produce a PCR amplicon. The primers that comprise a primer pair can be specific to the same HPV gene, resulting in an amplicon that consists of a sequence of nucleotides derived from a single HPV gene. Alternatively, the primers that comprise a primer pair can be specific to different HPV genes that reside within close proximity to each other within the HPV genome, thereby producing amplicons that consist of a sequence of nucleotides derived from more than one gene. 
         [0027]    As used herein, “different imaging spectra,” in reference to the fluorophores of the present invention, means that each fluorophore emits energy at a differing emission maxima relative to all other fluorophores used in the particular assay. The use of fluorophores with unique emission maxima allows the simultaneous detection of the fluorescent energy emitted by each of the plurality of fluorophores used in the particular assay. 
         [0028]    As used herein, the term “discriminatory,” used in reference to the oligonucleotide primers and probes of the present invention, means that said primers and probes are specific to a single HPV type. It includes HPV primers and probes specific to a single HPV type, but that share some homology with other HPV types. “Discriminatory” primers and probes of the present invention include those oligonucleotides that lack 3′ homology with other HPV types in at least one nucleotide or more. Such a residue that is unique for the specific HPV type at the specific position and acts to discriminate the HPV type from the others in the alignment is referred to as a “discriminatory base”. The term “discriminatory,” in reference to oligonucleotides, does not include primers and probes that are specific to more than one HPV type, i.e. those that share full homology with greater than one HPV type. In this regard the degenerate primer/probe sets disclosed herein do not discriminate for the HPV type for which they are configured. For example, for the degenerate primer/probe set that targets HPV types 39 and 68, the primer/probe set for HPV type 39 has a preference for HPV type 39 over HPV type 68 but does not discriminate for HPV type 39 over HPV type 68. Because the degenerate primer/probe sets do not discriminate between the HPV types, the probes preferably have the same signal moiety. Since the assay is configured to determine the presence or absence of these HPV types in the aggregate, there is no need to use two optical channels for this purpose. Furthermore, when the degenerate primer/probe set is combined with other primer/probe sets in a single microwell for a multiplex assay, the signal moieties for the other primer/probe sets (either discriminatory or non-discriminatory) can be the same or different. The signal moieties for the assay are largely a matter of design choice. The skilled person will use the same signal moieties for primer/probe sets in the same microwell when it is necessary to know if the particular HPV type is present. The same signal moiety may be used on primer/probe sets for different HPV serotypes when it is sufficient to know if only one of those types is present. 
         [0029]    As used herein, “amplicon” refers to a specific product of a PCR reaction, which is produced by PCR amplification of a sample comprising nucleic acid in the presence of a nucleic acid polymerase and a specific primer pair. An amplicon can consist of a nucleotide sequence derived from a single gene of a single HPV type or an amplicon can consist of a nucleotide sequence derived from more than one gene of a single HPV type. 
         [0030]    As used herein, “primer/probe set” refers to a grouping of a pair of oligonucleotide primers and an oligonucleotide probe that hybridize to a specific nucleotide sequence of a single HPV type. Said oligonucleotide set consists of: (a) a forward discriminatory primer that hybridizes to a first location of a nucleic acid sequence of an HPV type; (b) a reverse discriminatory primer that hybridizes to a second location of the nucleic acid sequence of the HPV type downstream of the first location and (c) a fluorescent probe labeled with a fluorophore and a quencher, which hybridizes to a location of the nucleic acid sequence of the HPV type between the primers. In other words, an oligonucleotide set consists of a set of specific PCR primers capable of initiating synthesis of an amplicon specific to a single HPV type, and a fluorescent probe which hybridizes to the amplicon. 
         [0031]    As used herein, “plurality” means two or more. 
         [0032]    As used herein, “specifically hybridizes,” in reference to oligonucleotide sets, oligonucleotide primers, or oligonucleotide probes, means that said oligonucleotide sets, primers or probes hybridize to a nucleic acid sequence of a single HPV type. 
         [0033]    As used herein, “gene” means a segment of nucleic acid involved in producing a polypeptide chain. It includes both translated sequences (coding region) and 5′ and 3′ untranslated sequences (non-coding regions) as well as intervening sequences (introns) between individual coding segments (exons). For purposes of the description of the embodiments of the present invention, the HPV genome has a plurality of genes: e.g., L1, L2, and E1, E2, E4-E7. 
         [0034]    As used herein, “locus” refers to the position on a chromosome at which the gene for a trait resides. The term locus includes any one of the alleles of a specific gene. It also includes homologous genes from different HPV types. For example, PCR assays that detect the L1 gene in HPV16 and HPV6 are single-locus assays, despite the detection of sequences from different HPV types. Contrarily, for example, assays that detect the L1 gene and the E1 gene of a single HPV type are multiple locus assays, even though a single HPV type is detected. 
         [0035]    As used herein, “HPV” means human papillomavirus. “HPV” is a general term used to refer to any type of HPV, whether currently known or subsequently described. 
         [0036]    As used herein, “fluorophore” refers to a fluorescent reporter molecule which, upon excitation with a laser, tungsten, mercury or xenon lamp, or a light emitting diode, releases energy in the form of light with a defined spectrum. Through the process of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), the light emitted from the fluorophore can excite a second molecule whose excitation spectrum overlaps the emission spectrum of the fluorophore. The transfer of emission energy of the fluorophore to another molecule quenches the emission of the fluorophore. The second molecule is known as a quencher molecule. The term “fluorophore” is used interchangeably herein with the term “fluorescent reporter”. 
         [0037]    As used herein “quencher” or “quencher molecule” refers to a molecule that, when linked to a fluorescent probe comprising a fluorophore, is capable of accepting the energy emitted by the fluorophore, thereby quenching the emission of the fluorophore. A quencher can be fluorescent, which releases the accepted energy as light, or non-fluorescent, which releases the accepted energy as heat, and can be attached at any location along the length of the probe. 
         [0038]    As used herein “dark quencher” refers to a non-fluorescent quencher. 
         [0039]    As used herein, “probe” refers to an oligonucleotide that is capable of forming a duplex structure with a sequence in a target nucleic acid, due to complementarity of at least one sequence of the probe with a sequence in the target region, or region to be detected. The term “probe” includes an oligonucleotide as described above, with or without a fluorophore and a quencher molecule attached. The term “fluorescent probe” refers to a probe comprising a fluorophore and a quencher molecule. 
         [0040]    As used herein, “FAM” refers to the fluorophore 6-carboxy-fluorescein. 
         [0041]    Other embodiments of the invention use different oligonucleotide sequences that bind to the E6/E7 gene region of HPV. The oligonucleotides described herein have a sequence that is capable of binding to the target nucleic acid sequence (and its complementary strand). The oligonucleotides described herein may also be used, either alone or in combination, to facilitate detection through amplification of the HPV E6/E7 gene nucleic acid sequence. In one embodiment, the probes are designed to perform a Taq-Man® real-time PCR assay on the target portion of the gene. Examples of three degenerate probes sets used for Taq-Man® real-time PCR assays, described in terms of their oligonucleotide sequences, are described below. 
         [0042]    Specifically, in the first embodiment where the first degenerate primer/probe set is for HPV types 39 and 68, the primer/probe set that prefers HPV type 39 are SEQ ID NOS: 1, 3 and 5. The primer/probe set that prefers HPV type 68 are SEQ ID NOS. 2, 4 and 6. SEQ ID NOS 1 and 2 are both Taq-Man forward primers and are degenerate with respect to each other. SEQ ID NOS 3 and 4 are both Taq-Man reverse primers and are degenerate with respect to each other. SEQ ID NOS 5 and 6 are both Taq-Man probes and are degenerate with respect to each other. The degenerate primer/probe sets for HPV types 33 and 58 are SEQ ID NOS. 7-16, which include two alternative reverse primer sequences, SEQ ID NOS. 13 and 14 being preferred. The degenerate primer/probe sets for HPV types 56 and 66 are SEQ ID NOS. 17-23. The primer/probe sequences that select or discriminate for HPV serotype 51 are SEQ ID NOS. 24-29. The primer/probe sequences that select or discriminate for HPV Type 59 are SEQ ID NOS. 30-35. All the sequences referenced above are enumerated in Table 1 below. In the table below, “D” is detector, “FP” is forward primer, and “RP” is reverse primer. 
         [0000]                                TABLE 1               SEQ ID NO.   Name   Description   Oligonucleotide Sequence: 5′-3′                   SEQ ID NO: 1   GR39_68E6   HPV 39 E6    CCACTAGCTGCATGCCAATC           FP2 (39)   Taq-Man                   Forward Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 2   GR39_68E6   HPV 68 E6   CCATTAGCTGCATGCCAATC           FP2 (68)   Taq-Man                   Forward Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 3   GR39_68E6   HPV 39 E6   CTAATGTAGTTGCATACACCGA           RP4 (39)   Taq-Man                   Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 4   GR39_68E6   HPV 68 E6   CTAATGTTGTTGCATACACCGA           RP4 (68)   Taq-Man                   Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 5   GR39_68D5   HPV 39 E6   GAGTAATATCGTAGCTCCCGTATTTT           (39)   Taq-Man                   Probe                   SEQ ID NO: 6   GR39_68D5   HPV 68 E6   GAGTAATATCGTAGTTCCCGTATTTT           (68)   Taq-Man                   Probe                   SEQ ID NO: 7   GR33_58FP2   HPV 33 E6   TGTGCCAAGCATTGGAGACA           (33)   Taq-Man                   Forward Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 8   GR33_58FP2   HPV 58 E6   TGTGTCAGGCGTTGGAGACA           (58)   Taq-Man                   Forward Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 9   GR33_58RP2   HPV 33 E6   CAAATGGATTTCCCTCTCTATA           (33)   Taq-Man                   Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 10   GR33_58RP2   HPV 58 E6   CAAATGGATTTCCATCTCTATA           (58)   Taq-Man                   Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 11   GR33_58RP3   HPV 33 E6   CCTCTCTATATACAACTGTTAAA           (33)   Taq-Man                   Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 12   GR33_58RP3   HPV 58 E6   CCATCTCTATACACTATTCTTAAA           (58)   Taq-Man                   Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 13   GR33_58RP4   HPV 33 E6   AAATGGATTTCCCTCTCTATATAC           (33)   Taq-Man                   Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 14   GR33_58RP4   HPV 58 E6   AAATGGATTTCCATCTCTATACAC           (58)   Taq-Man                   Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 15   GR33_58D1   HPV 33 E6   TCATATACCTCAGATCGTTGCAAAG           (33)   Taq-Man                   Probe                   SEQ ID NO: 16   GR33_58D1   HPV 58 E6   TCATATACCTCAGATCGCTGCAAAG           (58)   Taq-Man                   Probe                   SEQ ID NO: 17   MP56_66FP   HPV 56 E7   ACCTAATACACGTACCTTGTT           (56)   Taq-Man                   Forward Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 18   MP56_66FP   HPV 66 E7   ACCTAATTCACGTACCTTGTT           (66)   Taq-Man                   Forward Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 19   MP56_66RP   HPV 56 E7   ACACGCAGGTCCTCTTTGGT           (56)   Taq-Man                   Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 20   MP56_66RP   HPV 66 E7   ACACGTAGCTCCTCTTTGGT           (66)   Taq-Man                   Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 21   MP56_66D   HPV 56 E7   TGTAAGTTTGTGGTGCAGTTGGACA           (56)   Taq-Man                   Probe                   SEQ ID NO: 22   MP56_66D   HPV 56 E7   TGTGAGCTTGTGGTGCAGTTGGACA           (66.1)   Taq-Man                   Probe                   SEQ ID NO: 23   MP56_66D   HPV 66 E7   TGTGAGTTGGTGGTGCAGTTGGACA           (66.2)   Taq-Man                   Probe                   SEQ ID NO: 24   51E6 FP   HPV 51 E6   GCAGTATGCAAACAATGTTCAC               Forward Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 25   51E6 RP   HPV 51 E6   TAGTAATTGCCTCTAATGTAGTA               Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 26   51E6 D   HPV 51 E6   CCTGCTATAACGTCTATACTCTCTA               Taq-Man                   Probe                   SEQ ID NO: 27   51E7 FP   HPV 51 E7   CTCAGAGGAGGAGGATGAAG               Forward Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 28   51E7 RP   HPV 51 E7   TGAACACCTGCAACACGGAG               Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 29   51E7 D   HPV 51 E7   CTACCAGAAAGACGGGCTGGAC               Taq-Man                   Probe                   SEQ ID NO: 30   59E6 FP   HPV 59 E6   GGAGAAACATTAGAGGCTGAA               Forward Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 31   59E6 RP   HPV 59 E6   ATAGAGGTTTTAGGCATCTATAA               Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 32   59E6 D   HPV 59 E6   ACCGTTACATGAGCTGCTGATACG               Taq-Man                   Probe                   SEQ ID NO: 33   59E7 FP   HPV 59 E7   GAAGTTGACCTTGTGTGCTAC               Forward Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 34   59E7 RP   HPV 59 E7   ATTAACTCCATCTGGTTCATCTT               Reverse Primer                   SEQ ID NO: 35   59E7 D   HPV 59 E7   ATTACCTGACTCCGACTCCGAGAA               Taq-Man                   Probe                   SEQ ID NO: 36   Target Region for   91   CCATTAGCTGCATGCCAATCATGTATTAAAT           Degenerate Primer   nucleotide   TTTATGCTAAAATACGGGAACTACGATATTA           Probe Sets for HPV   Target Region   CTCAGAATCGGTGTATGCAACAACATTAG           Types 39 and 68                       SEQ ID NO: 37   Target Region for   138   TGTGCCAAGCATTGGAGACAACTATACACAA           Degenerate Primer   nucleotide   CATTGAACTACAGTGCGTGGAATGCAAAAAG           Probe Sets for HPV   Target Region   ACTTTGCAACGATCTGAGGTATATGATTTTG           Types 33 and 58       CATTTGCAGATTTAACAGTTGTATATAGAGA                   GGGAAATCCATTTG               SEQ ID NO: 38   Target Region for   79   ACCTAATACACGTACCTTGTTGTXAGTGTAA           Degenerate Primer   nucleotide   GTTTGTGGTGCAGTTGGACATTCAGAGTACC           Probe Sets for HPV   Target Region   AAAGAGGACCTGCGTGT           Types 56 and 66                    
The locations of the target regions for the primer/probe sets described in the above table are described in the following Table 1A:
 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1A 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Location of Target Regions 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Target Region 
               
               
                 Genotype 
                 GenBank Accession # 
                 Coordinates 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 39 
                 M62849 
                 287-377 
               
               
                 68 
                 EU918769 
                 181-271 
               
               
                 33 
                 M12732 
                 152-288 
               
               
                 58 
                 D90400 
                 153-289 
               
               
                 56 
                 X74483 
                 747-825 
               
               
                 66 
                 EF177190 
                 747-825 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0043]    While there is sequence homology between the target regions for the degenerate primer/probe sets, the coordinates of these regions are genotype dependent. 
         [0044]    In a further embodiment, the method includes treating a sample using at least one degenerate primer/probes set to select for two different but closely related HPV types and a primer/probe set that discriminates for a third HPV type, where the signal moiety for the degenerate probes emits a signal of the same wavelength and is, preferably, the same signaling moiety for the two degenerate probes. The signaling moiety of the primer/probe set that discriminates for the third HPV type emits signal at a wavelength that is different, and therefore separately detectable, from the wavelength emitted by the signaling moieties for the degenerate probes. These primer/probe sets are used in a nucleic acid amplification reaction for detecting the presence or absence of the amplified nucleic acid product. 
         [0045]    In another embodiment, a kit is provided for the detection of HPV. The kit includes at least one degenerate primer/probes set that selects for two different but closely related HPV types and a primer/probe set that discriminates for a third HPV type, where the signal moiety for the degenerate probes emits a signal of the same wavelength and is, preferably, the same signaling moiety for the two degenerate probes. The signaling moiety of the primer/probe set that discriminates for the third HPV type emits signal at a wavelength that is different, and therefore separately detectable, from the wavelength emitted by the signaling moieties for the degenerate probes. The primer/probe sets capable of amplifying a target sequence that may be used for detection of that organism. The kit is provided with one or more of the oligonucleotides and buffer reagents for performing amplification assays. 
         [0046]    In yet another aspect of the kit, oligonucleotides and reagents for purposes of Taq-Man PCR may be provided. In this aspect, three oligonucleotides are provided. Two of the three are amplification primers and the third oligonucleotide is configured as a detector. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0047]      FIG. 1  illustrates the E6 gene target region for the HPV type 68 and schematically, the degeneracy of that target sequence among various mutations of HPV type 68, HPV type 39 and mutations of HPV type 39 along with the degenerate primer/probe set for HPV types 39 and 68; 
           [0048]      FIG. 2A-B  illustrates the E6 gene target region for the HPV type 33 and schematically, the degeneracy of that target sequence among various mutations of HPV type 33, HPV type 58 and mutations of HPV type 33 along with the degenerate primer/probe set for HPV types 33 and 58; and 
           [0049]      FIG. 3  illustrates the E7 gene target for HPV type 66 and schematically, the degeneracy of that target sequence among various mutations of HPV type 66, HPV type 56 and mutations of HPV type 56 along with the degenerate primer/probe set for HPV types 56 and 66. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0050]    The oligonucleotide probes and probes sets described herein are specifically designed to select for or discriminate between HPV types. Specifically, degenerate primer/probe sets that are somewhat selective for one of two closely related HPV types are combined with at least one other primer/probe set that discriminates for yet a third HPV type that is different from the closely related HPV types. 
         [0051]    The primer/probe sets provide a detectable signal when the specific HPV type is present in the sample. 
         [0052]    In the preferred embodiments, the PCR (e.g. Taq-Man PCR), method of detection is used although other methods (e.g. TMA, and LCR) are also contemplated. Further, a kit for detecting more HPV types than there are channels for detection is disclosed. 
         [0053]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , the degenerate primer/probe sets specific for HPV types are described in terms of their alignment with the illustrate target region of the E6 gene. 
         [0054]      FIG. 1  illustrates the forward primer region 10, the Taq-Man Detection Region 20 and the reverse primer region 30.  FIG. 1  also illustrates the degenerate forward primers 11, 12, degenerate reverse primers 31, 32 and degenerate probes 21 and in relation to their corresponding region on the target sequence 40. Only the variations in the target sequence 40 with respect to the forward primer region, reverse primer region and detector regions are illustrated in the boxes 60, 70 and 80. Sequence degeneracy between these regions are noted and from that it can be observed that these regions are less desirable because of increased sequence variation in these regions. 
         [0055]    For example, in box 60 note that there are single nucleotide polymorphisms (T, C) between the portion of the target sequence 40 delimited by box 60 and the same E6 portion of an HPV type 39 target. Boxes 60, 70 and 80 illustrate the nucleotide polymorphisms relative to target for different strains of HPV types 68 and 39. These different strains, and the number and location of the nucleotide polymorphisms (relative to target) are reported in Table 2. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Polymorphisms Illustrated in 
               
               
                 FIG. 1 Relative to Target 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Number of Polymorphisms 
               
               
                 Type/Strain 
                 (location from 5′) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Type 68 
                   
               
               
                 68_A7_High_45240-DQ80079. seq 
                 3 [T(@6); G(@66); T(@84)] 
               
               
                 68_A7_High_45240-EU918769.seq 
                 None 
               
               
                 BD115-68 900bp.seq 
                 3 [C(@21); A(@46); C(@81)] 
               
               
                 BD-637-68 900bp.seq 
                 1 [G(@31)] 
               
               
                 T276-68 900bp.seq 
                 None 
               
               
                 T1177-68 900bp.seq 
                 3 [T or C (@6); C(@81); T or 
               
               
                   
                 T(@84) 
               
               
                 T1610-68 900bp 071309.seq 
                 2 [G(@53); C(@81)] 
               
               
                 Type 39 
               
               
                 23, A7, High, 10568, 
                 6 [C(@4); A(@27); G (@51) 
               
               
                 M62849.seq 
                 G(@66); C(@69); T(@84)] 
               
               
                 S492-39 900bp.seq 
                 8 [T(@3); C(@4); A(@27); G 
               
               
                   
                 (@51) G(@66); C(@69); G(@80); 
               
               
                   
                 T(@84)] 
               
               
                 T296-39 900bp.seq 
                 7 [C(@4); A(@27); G (@51); 
               
               
                   
                 C(@57); G(@66); C(@69); 
               
               
                   
                 T(@84)] 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0056]    The forward primer 11 for HPV 39 has a single nucleotide polymorphism and is therefore degenerate with respect to the forward primer 12 for HPV 68. Forward primer 11 is SEQ ID NO. 1 and forward primer 12 is SEQ ID NO. 2. The degeneracy between the two sequences is readily observed: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 CCA C TAGCTGCATGCCAATC 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 CCA T TAGCTGCATGCCAATC 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0057]    The respective degeneracy is indicated by underlining. 
         [0058]    The degeneracy makes forward primer prefer to bind to HPV type 39 and forward primer 12 prefer to bind to HPV type 68. The degenerate primer/probes sets prefer to bind to the target of one HPV type to the other type but do not discriminate. In terms of the Figures, the primer/probe sets are described in relation to the target. Boxes 60, 70 and 80 contain information about degeneracy among HPV types 39 and 68 with respect to the target region 40 delimited by the boxes 60, 70 and 80. This is a location reference and not a hybridization reference. Specifically, the reverse primers 31 and 32 (SEQ ID NOs. 3 and 4) have sequences that are the reverse complement of the sequence in their corresponding location on target 40. Similarly, detector probes 21 and 22 (SEQ ID NOS. 5 and 6) are the reverse complement of the sequence in their corresponding location on target 40. Forward primers 11 and 12 (SEQ ID NOS. 1 and 2) are homologous to the sequence in their corresponding location on target 40. 
         [0059]      FIG. 2A-B  is similar to  FIG. 1 , but for degenerate primer/probe sets that select for HPV types 33 and 58. Boxes 160, 170 and 180 illustrate the nucleotide polymorphisms relative to target for different strains of HPV types 33 and 58. These different strains, and the number and location of the nucleotide polymporphisms (relative to target) are reported in Table 3. The location of the polymorphisms is illustrated in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Polymorphisms Illustrated in 
               
               
                 FIG. 2A-B Relative to Target 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Type/Strain 
                 Number of Polymorphisms 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Type 33 
                   
               
               
                 33_A9_High_10586 EF422125.seq 
                 3 [C(@30); A(@62); C(@63)] 
               
               
                 33_A9_High_10586 EF422126.seq 
                 3 [C(@62); C(@63); T(@52)] 
               
               
                 33_A9_High_10586 EF566920.seq 
                 3 [C(@62); C(@63); A(@99)] 
               
               
                 33_A9_High_10586 EF566921.seq 
                 2 [C(@62); C(@63)] 
               
               
                 33_A9_High_10586 EF918766.seq 
                 4 [G(@58); C(@62); C(@63); 
               
               
                   
                 G(@122)] 
               
               
                 33_A9_High_10586 GO374550.seq 
                 1 [A(@62)] 
               
               
                 33_A9_High_10586 GO374551.seq 
                 2 [G(@54); A(@62)] 
               
               
                 33_A9_High_10586 GO374552.seq 
                 2 [T(@10); A(@62)] 
               
               
                 33_A9_High_10586 M12732.seq 
                 2 [A(@62); C(@63)] 
               
               
                 BD670 grp33 900bp.seq 
                 1 [A(@62)] 
               
               
                 BD783-33 900bp.seq 
                 3 [C(@62); C(@63); C(@92)] 
               
               
                 BD783-33 clone 900bp.seq 
                 2 [C(@62); C(@63)] 
               
               
                 TI093-33 900bp.seq 
                 2 [G(@54); A(@62)] 
               
               
                 Type 58 
               
               
                 HPV_58 D60400.seq 
                 23 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                 T-275-58 900bp.seq 
                 22 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                 T-276-58 900bp.seq 
                 24 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                 T-817-58 clone 900bp.seq 
                 23 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                 58_A9 High E6 10598 AF478160 
                 23 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                 58_A9 High E6 10598 AF478167 
                 22 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                 58_A9 High E6 10598 AF234531 
                 23 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                 58_A9 High E6 10598 AF478157 
                 23 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                 58_A9 High E6 10598 EU080239 
                 25 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                 58_A9 High E6 10598 FJ407192 
                 24 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                 58_A9 High E6 10598 GO248229 
                 23 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                 58_A9 High E6 10598 GO248253 
                 22 [See FIGS. 2A-B for 
               
               
                   
                 location] 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0060]      FIG. 2A-B  illustrates the forward primer region 110, the Taq-Man Detection Region 120 and the reverse primer region 130.  FIG. 2A-B  also illustrates the degenerate forward primers 111, 112, degenerate reverse primers 131, 132 and degenerate probes 121 and 122 in relation to their corresponding region on the target sequence 140. Only the variations in the target sequence 140 with respect to the forward primer region, reverse primer region and detector regions are illustrated in the boxes 160 ( FIG. 2A ), 170 and 180 ( FIG. 2B ). 
         [0061]    For example, in box 160 note that there are single nucleotide polymorphisms (T, G, G) between the portion of the target sequence 140 delimited by box 60 and the same E6 portion of an HPV type 33 target. However, the forward primer 112 for HPV 58 has three single nucleotide polymorphisms and is therefore degenerate with respect to the forward primer 111 for HPV 33. Forward primer 111 is SEQ ID NO. 7 and forward primer 112 is SEQ ID NO. 8. The degeneracy between the two sequences is readily observed: 
         [0000]                            TGTGCCAAGCATTGGAGACA                       TGTG T CA G GC G TTGGAGACA            
The respective degeneracy is indicated by underlining.
 
         [0062]    The degeneracy makes forward primer 111 prefer to bind to HPV type 33 and forward primer 112 prefer to bind to HPV type 58. The degenerate primer/probes sets prefer to bind to the target of one HPV type to the other type but do not discriminate. In terms of the Figures, the primer/probe sets are described in relation to the target. Boxes 160, 170 and 180 contain information about degeneracy among HPV types 33 and 58 with respect to the target region 140 delimited by the boxes 160, 170 and 180. This is a location reference and not a hybridization reference. Specifically, the reverse primers 131 and 132 (e.g. SEQ ID NOs. 13 and 14) have sequences that are the reverse complement of the sequence in their corresponding location on target 140. Similarly, reverse probes 121 and 122 (SEQ ID NOS. 15 and 16) are the reverse complement of the sequence in their corresponding location on target 140. Forward primers 111 and 112 (SEQ ID NOS. 7 and 8) are homologous to the sequence in their corresponding location on target 140. 
         [0063]      FIG. 3  is similar to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , but for degenerate primer/probe sets that select for HPV types 56 and 66.  FIG. 3  illustrates the forward primer region 210, the Taq-Man Detection Region 220 and the reverse primer region 230. Boxes 260, 270 and 280 illustrate the nucleotide polymorphisms relative to target for different strains of HPV types 66 and 56. These different strains, and the number and location of the nucleotide polymporphisms (relative to target) are reported in Table 2. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Polymorphisms Illustrated in 
               
               
                 FIG. 3 Relative to Target 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Number of Polymorphisms 
               
               
                   
                 Type/Strain 
                 (location from 5′) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Type 66 
                   
               
               
                   
                 66_A6_High_37119-EF177191 
                 6 [T(@8); A(@24); G(@30) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 C(@33); G(@71); A(@74)] 
               
               
                   
                 66_A6_High_37119-EF177188 
                 7 [T(@8); T(@9); A(@24); 
               
               
                   
                   
                 G(@30) C(@33); G(@71); 
               
               
                   
                   
                 A(@74)] 
               
               
                   
                 66_A6_High_37119-EF177186 
                 6 [T(@8); A(@24); G(@30) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 G(@35); G(@71); A(@74)] 
               
               
                   
                 Type 56 
               
               
                   
                 56_A6_High_37119-EF177176 
                 2 [G(@24); C(@56)] 
               
               
                   
                 56_A6_High_37119-EF177178 
                 3 [C(@20); C(@23); C(@24)] 
               
               
                   
                 56_A6_High_37119-EF177179 
                 1 [C(@24)] 
               
               
                   
                 56_A6_High_37119-EF177180 
                 1 [G(@24)] 
               
               
                   
                 BD616grp56 E7 
                 3[G(@24); T(@54); C(@56)] 
               
               
                   
                 T1631-56 E7 
                 1 [A(@24)] 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0064]      FIG. 3  also illustrates the degenerate forward primers 211, 212, degenerate reverse primers 231, 232 and degenerate probes 221 and 222 in relation to their corresponding region on the target sequence 240. Only the variations in the target sequence 240 with respect to the forward primer region, reverse primer region and detector regions are illustrated in the boxes 260, 270 and 280. 
         [0065]    For example, in box 260 note that there are two single nucleotide polymorphisms (T, C) between the portion of the target sequence 240 delimited by box 260 between and HPV target and an HPV 56 target. However, the forward primer 2112 for HPV 56 has a single nucleotide polymorphism and is therefore degenerate with respect to the forward primer 211 for HPV 66. Forward primer 211 is SEQ ID NO. 17 and forward primer 212 is SEQ ID NO. 18. The degeneracy between the two sequences is readily observed: 
         [0000]                            ACCTAATACACGTACCTTGTT                       ACCTAAT T CACGTACCTTGTT            
The respective degeneracy is indicated by underlining.
 
         [0066]    The degeneracy makes forward primer 211 prefer to bind to HPV type 56 and forward primer 212 prefer to bind to HPV type 66. The degenerate primer/probes sets prefer to bind to the target of one HPV type to the other type but do not discriminate. In terms of the Figures, the primer/probe sets are described in relation to the target. Boxes 260, 270 and 280 contain information about degeneracy among HPV types 56 and 66 with respect to the target region 240 delimited by the boxes 260, 270 and 280. This is a location reference and not a hybridization reference. Specifically, the reverse primers 231 and 232 (SEQ ID NOs. 19 and 20) have sequences that are the reverse complement of the sequence in their corresponding location on target 240. Similarly, probes 221 and 222 (SEQ ID NOS. 22 and 23) are the reverse complement of the sequence in their corresponding location on target 240. Forward primers 211 and 212 (SEQ ID NOS. 17 and 18) are homologous to the sequence in their corresponding location on target 140. While not specifically discussed, the degeneracy between the reverse primers and probes in the degenerate primer probe sets is readily observed. 
         [0067]    In addition to the examples of degenerate primer/probe sets described herein, the skilled person, based upon the description herein and the accompanying figures, would be able to identify other target regions of closely related serotypes for which degenerate primer/probe sets could be designed. As is readily observed by the Figures, desirable target regions will have few polymorphisms between the individual serotypes. Those polymorphisms that are present can be addressed in the design of the degenerate primer/probe set consistent with the manner described herein. 
         [0068]    As described below, primers and probes can bind to target sequences even though they are less than 100% complementary with those regions. The requisite degree of complementarity depends on a variety of factors including the stringency of the binding conditions. Depending upon the stringency conditions employed, the primers and probes may be modified to include different bases in their sequence and still be sufficiently complementary to bind to the target region of the nucleic acid. Sufficiently complementary, as used herein include complementarity of 70% or more. In preferred embodiments, the complementarity of the primers/probes to their target sequence is at least 80% over the length of the binding portion of the primers/probes. More preferably, the complementarity of the primers and probes to their target sequences is 90% or more. 
         [0069]    Said another way, the present invention contemplates primers and probes that have at least 70% homology with the primers and probes specifically identified herein by SEQ ID. In preferred embodiments, primers/probes that have at least 80% homology with the primers and probes specifically identified by SEQ ID herein are contemplated. More preferably, primers and probes that have at least 90% homology with the primers and probes specifically identified by SEQ ID herein are contemplated. 
         [0070]    While the oligonucleotides described herein must be sufficiently complementary to bind their respective portions of the HPV target for which they discriminate, it is recognized at some point the sequence of the oligonucleotide becomes less complementary to its target and may bind other nucleic acid sequences. Therefore, it is desirable that the oligonucleotide probes remain sufficiently complementary with its respective portion of the target gene, and not lose selectivity for its respective target binding site. 
         [0071]    The target binding sequence within the oligonucleotide amplification primer may generally be located at its 3′ end. The target binding sequence may be about 10-25 nucleotides in length and may have hybridization specificity to the amplification primer. Thus, it is understood that one skilled in the art may change the target binding sequence to effectively change hybridization specificity of the amplification primer and direct hybridization to an alternative sequence. 
         [0072]    It is understood to one skilled in the art that the oligonucleotides as used in amplification assays may be modified to some extent without loss of utility or specificity towards a target sequence. For example, as is known in the art, hybridization of complementary and partially complementary nucleic acid sequences may be obtained by adjustment of the hybridization conditions to increase or decrease stringency (i.e., adjustment of hybridization temperature or salt content of the buffer). Such minor modifications of the disclosed sequences and any necessary adjustments of hybridization conditions to maintain target-specificity require only routine experimentation and are within the ordinary skill in the art. 
         [0073]    As a general guide in designing oligonucleotides useful as primers, T m  decreases approximately 1° C.-1.5° C. with every 1% decrease in sequence homology. Temperature ranges may vary between about 60° C. and 70° C., but the primers may be designed to be optimal at 60° C.±4° C. and the probes may be designed to be optimal at 70° C.±4° C. A further consideration when designing amplification primers may be the guanine and cytosine content. Generally, the GC content for a primer may be about 60-70%, but may also be less and can be adjusted appropriately by one skilled in the art. Annealing complementary and partially complementary nucleic acid sequences may be obtained by modifying annealing conditions to increase or decrease stringency (i.e., adjusting annealing temperature or salt content of the buffer). Modifications such as those to the disclosed sequences and any necessary adjustments of annealing conditions to maintain gene specificity require only routine experimentation and are within the ordinary skill in the art. 
         [0074]    Amplification reactions employing the primers described herein may incorporate thymine as taught by Walker, et al., supra, or they may wholly or partially substitute 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate for TTP in the reaction to reduce cross-contamination of subsequent amplification reactions, e.g., as taught in EP 0 624 643. dU (uridine) is incorporated into amplification products and can be excised by treatment with uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG). These abasic sites render the amplification product not amplifiable in subsequent amplification reactions. UDG may be inactivated by uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitor (Ugi) prior to performing the subsequent amplification to prevent excision of dU in newly-formed amplification products. 
         [0075]    PCR DNA polymerase contemplated for use in the present invention has 5′-3′ exonuclease activity (e.g., Sequencing Grade Taq from Promega or Deep Vent R ™ (exo-) DNA from New England BioLabs) are used. The probe hybridizes to the target downstream from the PCR amplification primers. The probe is displaced as the downstream endonuclease synthesis proceeds from the primers between which the probe is disposed. As thermocycling is a feature of amplification by PCR, the restriction endonuclease is preferably added at low temperature after the final cycle of primer annealing and extension for end-point detection of amplification. However, a thermophilic restriction endonuclease which remains active through the high temperature phases of the PCR reaction could be present during amplification to provide a real-time assay. Linearization of the secondary structure and separation of the dye pair reduces fluorescence quenching, with a change in a fluorescence parameter such as intensity serving as an indication of target amplification. 
         [0076]    The change in fluorescence resulting from unfolding or linearizing of the detector oligonucleotides may be detected at a selected endpoint in the reaction. However, because linearized secondary structures are produced concurrently with hybridization or primer extension, the change in fluorescence may also be monitored as the reaction is occurring, i.e., in “real-time”. This homogeneous, real-time assay format may be used to provide semi quantitative or quantitative information about the initial amount of target present. When more initial copies of the target sequence are present, donor fluorescence more rapidly reaches a selected threshold value (i.e., shorter time to positivity). The decrease in acceptor fluorescence similarly exhibits a shorter time to positivity, detected as the time required for reaching a selected minimum value. In addition, the rate of change in fluorescence parameters during the course of the reaction is more rapid in samples containing higher initial amounts of target than in samples containing lower initial amounts of target (i.e., increased slope of the fluorescence curve). These or other measurements as is known in the art may be made as an indication of the presence of target or as an indication of target amplification. The initial amount of target is typically determined by comparison of the experimental results to results for known amounts of target. 
         [0077]    Assays for the presence of a selected target sequence according to the methods of the invention may be performed in solution or on a solid phase. Real-time or endpoint homogeneous assays in which the detector oligonucleotide functions as a primer are typically performed in solution. Hybridization assays using the detector oligonucleotides of the invention may also be performed in solution (e.g., as homogeneous real-time assays) but are also particularly well-suited to solid phase assays for real-time or endpoint detection of target. In a solid phase assay, detector oligonucleotides may be immobilized on the solid phase (e.g., beads, membranes or the reaction vessel) via internal or terminal labels using methods known in the art. For example, a biotin-labeled detector oligonucleotide may be immobilized on an avidin-modified solid phase where it will produce a change in fluorescence when exposed to the target under appropriate hybridization conditions. Capture of the target in this manner facilitates separation of the target from the sample and allows removal of substances in the sample which may interfere with detection of the signal or other aspects of the assay. 
         [0078]    For commercial convenience, oligonucleotides useful for specific detection and identification of HPV nucleic acids may be packaged in the form of a kit. Typically, such a kit contains at least one oligonucleotide described herein. Reagents for performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction may also be included with the HPV-specific oligonucleotides. For example, buffers, other oligonucleotides, nucleotide triphosphates, enzymes, etc. may be included. The components of the kit may be packaged together in a common container. Optionally instructions may be included that illustrate one described embodiment for performing a specific embodiment of the inventive methods. Other optional components may also be included in the kit, e.g., an oligonucleotide tagged with a label suitable for use as an assay probe, and/or reagents or means for detecting the label. 
         [0079]    Furthermore, the kit may include oligonucleotides and reagents in dried or liquid format. The components of the kit may be more stable and easily manipulated when in dried format. The dried components of the kit may be added or pre-treated to a solid phase such as microtiter plate, microarray, or other appropriate receptacle, where the sample and buffer need only be added. This format facilitates assaying multiple samples simultaneously and is useful in high-throughput methods. The BD ProbeTec™ and Viper™ XTR instruments may be used. 
         [0080]    The following Examples illustrate specific embodiments of the invention described herein. As would be apparent to skilled artisans, various changes and modifications are possible, and are contemplated within the scope of the invention described. 
         [0081]    A Taq-Man PCR System for Detecting HPV is further described below using the primer/probes sets in Table 1 as an Example. The Primer Sets of Primers/Probes described in Table 1 above were designed to perform Taq-Man PCR on for HPV types 39 and 68 and 51. Specifically, in the first embodiment where the first degenerate primer/probe set is for HPV types 39 and 68, the primer/probe set that prefers HPV type 39 are SEQ ID NOS: 1, 3 and 5. The primer/probe set that prefers HPV type 68 are SEQ ID NOS. 2, 4 and 6. 
         [0082]    Taq-Man real-time PCR is a type of quantitative PCR. Taq-Man uses a fluorogenic probe which is a single stranded oligonucleotide of 20-26 nucleotides and is designed to bind only the DNA sequence between the two PCR primers. In Taq-Man, reporter dyes and quencher dyes are attached to the probe. The probe is annealed to the DNA by alternating the temperature to denature and re-anneal the DNA. The Taq polymerase adds nucleotides to the target DNA and this removes the Taq-Man probe from the template DNA. When the reporter dye is separated from the quencher dye, the reporter dye emits energy which is detectable. The energy is quantified by a computer, which provides a signal indicating that the target was detected. Only the specific PCR product can generate the fluorescent signal in Taq-Man PCR. 
         [0083]    In the example herein, thermal cycling is contemplated. After an initial denature step at 95° C. for 15 minutes, the PCR mixture of primer/probe sets and sample for the detection of the presence or absence of target is subjected to the thermal cycle of 55° C. for 1 minute followed by 95° C. for 30 seconds for forty cycles. 
         [0084]    To practice Taq-Man PCR, two PCR primers with a preferred product size of 50-150 base pairs and a probe with a fluorescent reporter or fluorophore (e.g. 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and tetrachlorofluorescin (TET)) and a quencher such as tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) or a dark quencher such as previously described is covalently attached to its 5′ and 3′ ends are used. Suitable fluorescent reporters and fluorophores are well known and not described in detail herein. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Examples of Taq-Man PCR Probes Sets for Taq-Man 
               
               
                 Assay of HPV Types 39, 68 and 51 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ORF Location 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (bp) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Genbank 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Accession in 
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 
                 Probe description 
                 Oligonucleotide 5′ Sequence 3′ 
                 () 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 1 
                 HPV 39 E6 
                 CCACTAGCTGCATGCCAATC 
                 287-306 
               
               
                   
                 Taq-Man 
                   
                 (M62849) 
               
               
                   
                 Forward Primer 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 2 
                 HPV 68 E6 
                 CCATTAGCTGCATGCCAATC 
                 181-200 
               
               
                   
                 Taq-Man 
                   
                 (EU918769) 
               
               
                   
                 Forward Primer 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 3 
                 HPV 39 E6 
                 CTAATGTAGTTGCATACACCGA 
                 356-377 
               
               
                   
                 Taq-Man 
                   
                 (M62849) 
               
               
                   
                 Reverse Primer 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 4 
                 HPV 68 E6 
                 CTAATGTTGTTGCATACACCGA 
                 250-271 
               
               
                   
                 Taq-Man 
                   
                 (EU918769) 
               
               
                   
                 Reverse Primer 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 5 
                 HPV 39 E6 
                 GAGTAATATCGTAGCTCCCGTATTTT 
                 326-351 
               
               
                   
                 Taq-Man 
                   
                 (M62849) 
               
               
                   
                 Probe 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 6 
                 HPV 68 E6 
                 GAGTAATATCGTAGTTCCCGTATTTT 
                 220-245 
               
               
                   
                 Taq-Man 
                   
                 (EU918769) 
               
               
                   
                 Probe 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 24 
                 HPV 51 E6 
                 GCAGTATGCAAACAATGTTCAC 
                 277-298 
               
               
                   
                 Forward Primer 
                   
                 (M62866) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 25 
                 HPV 51 E6 
                 TAGTAATTGCCTCTAATGTAGTA 
                 351-373 
               
               
                   
                 Reverse Primer 
                   
                 (M62877) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 26 
                 HPV 51 E6 
                 CCTGCTATAACGTCTATACTCTCTA 
                 315-339 
               
               
                   
                 Taq-Man 
                   
                 (M62877) 
               
               
                   
                 Probe 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 27 
                 HPV 51 E7 
                 CTCAGAGGAGGAGGATGAAG 
                 652-671 
               
               
                   
                 Forward Primer 
                   
                 (M62877) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 28 
                 HPV 51 E7 
                 TGAACACCTGCAACACGGAG 
                 738-757 
               
               
                   
                 Reverse Primer 
                   
                 (M62877) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 29 
                 HPV 51 E7 
                 CTACCAGAAAGACGGGCTGGAC 
                 692-713 
               
               
                   
                 Taq-Man 
                   
                 (M62877) 
               
               
                   
                 Probe 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0085]    The probes are designed to anneal to the ORF location in the HPV E6/E7 gene that is noted in the Table. In this regard, the ORF locations for the primer probe/set for HPV 59 for both the E6 and E7 genes are listed in the following table. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 ORF Locations of E6/E7 for Primer/Probe Set for HPV Type 59 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 ORF Location 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (bp) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Genbank 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Accession in 
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 
                 Probe description 
                 Oligonucleotide 5′ Sequence 3′ 
                 () 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 30 
                 HPV 59 E6 
                 GGAGAAACATTAGAGGCTGAA 
                 313-333 
               
               
                   
                 Forward Primer 
                   
                 (X77858) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 31 
                 HPV 59 E6 
                 ATAGAGGTTTTAGGCATCTATAA 
                 369-391 
               
               
                   
                 Reverse Primer 
                   
                 (X77858) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 32 
                 HPV 59 E7 
                 ACCGTTACATGAGCTGCTGATACG 
                 342-365 
               
               
                   
                 Taq-Man 
                   
                 (X77858) 
               
               
                   
                 Probe 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 33 
                 HPV 59 E7 
                 GAAGTTGACCTTGTGTGCTAC 
                 605-625 
               
               
                   
                 Forward Primer 
                   
                 (X77858) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 34 
                 HPV 59 E7 
                 ATTAACTCCATCTGGTTCATCTT 
                 660-682 
               
               
                   
                 Reverse Primer 
                   
                 (X77858) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 35 
                 HPV 59 E7 
                 ATTAACTCCATCTGGTTCATCTT 
                 631-654 
               
               
                   
                 Taq-Man 
                   
                 (X77858) 
               
               
                   
                 Probe 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0086]    In addition to the primers and probes, Taq-Man PCR requires reagents that are used for regular PCR (e.g. polymerase, free nucleotides) as well as a real-time PCR machine for analyzing the data. The reagents and equipment are well known to those skilled in the art and are not discussed in detail herein. 
         [0087]    Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the invention described herein. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention described herein as defined by the appended claims.