Abstract:
Embodiments of the invention relate to a method, system, and storage medium for providing automated purchasing and delivery services. The method includes performing analysis of electronic activities conducted by a network user, inferring an intent to execute a transaction by the network user, and executing the transaction on behalf of the network user. The analysis includes comparing the electronic activities with previously-conducted electronic activities, and applying user-defined policies to the electronic activities.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to electronic business transactions, and more particularly, the invention relates to a method, system, and storage medium for providing automatic electronic purchasing and delivery of products and services. 
     Electronic business (e-business) transactions are often conducted by consumers over a network such as the Internet. These e-business activities include buying goods and services, among other functions. Oftentimes a purchase or transaction is recurrent as in the case where a consumer orders flowers to celebrate an occasion such as a birthday, anniversary, or other annual event. Another example might be an avid book collector who anticipates the release of each new novel by a favorite author by reserving a copy of the book online before its actual release date. In a business context, a recurrent transaction might include scheduling a network conference for individuals in which the scheduling individual or organization pays for the network time and utilities from a third party source. 
     In order to effectuate these e-business transactions, the consumer must take active and repetitive steps to complete the purchase for each purchasing instance. For example, to purchase flowers, a consumer needs to access a florist web site, peruse a catalog of selections, identify the purchase, and enter personal information including credit card data and address information. The next time the customer desires to make a purchase at this website, at least a portion of this information must be re-entered by the customer. There are times when recurrent purchasing activities may be inferred based upon previous purchasing activities and scheduling events or organizing information located within the customer&#39;s electronic calendar or personal information manager (PIM). 
     What is needed, therefore, is a way to automate frequently occurring purchases over a network via an electronic system. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Embodiments of the invention relate to a method, system, and storage medium for providing automated purchasing and delivery services. The method includes performing analysis of electronic activities conducted by a network user, inferring an intent to execute a transaction by the network user, and executing the transaction on behalf of the network user. The analysis includes comparing the electronic activities with previously conducted electronic activities, and applying user-defined policies to the electronic activities. 
     Other systems, methods, and/or computer program products according to embodiments will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon review of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, and/or computer program products be included within this description, be within the scope of the present invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several figures: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a system upon which the purchasing system is implemented in an exemplary embodiment; and 
         FIG. 2  is a flowchart describing the process of implementing the purchasing system in an exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The automated electronic services provided in system  100  of the invention offer an electronic solution to recurrent purchasing activities. Purchases are inferred based upon previous purchasing activities and customer prescribed preferences whereby no explicit purchasing action is required by the customer. While embodiments described herein include a PIM-based electronic calendar that incorporates the features of the purchasing system directly within the calendar program, it will be understood that other applications may be used to implement the purchasing system, or alternatively, the purchasing system may be executed as a stand-alone application. The customer can schedule activities that are typically associated with a PIM such as meeting dates, holidays, social events, etc. Any electronic purchasing activity is tracked by the purchasing system and, together with the scheduled events, anticipates future purchasing activities. 
     System  100  includes an application programming interface  102  associated with a computer device operated by a network user, and a purchasing system including modules and databases  104 - 122  as described herein. 
     Application interface  102  refers to a network user&#39;s interface into the purchasing system and may be implemented as a modification to an existing commercial application interface such as Microsoft Outlook™. Moreover, any number of existing applications may be used, such as those built using application programming interfaces (APIs), either open or proprietary. The automated purchasing system may be implemented as a plug-in to these applications, or more generally to any suitably implemented application. Various electronic activities conducted by a network user may be performed via the application programming interface  102 . Such electronic activities include: accessing a web site; performing a detectable action on a web page; drafting an email; searching a web-based electronic search engine; accessing a personal information calendar; entering a new task or accessing an existing task in an electronic task folder; and creating, editing, or viewing a document. Performing a detectable action on a web page refers to accessing one or more web pages on a web site, clicking on items within the pages or pop-ups within the web site, as well as filling out any web forms or any other action that might indicate or imply a user intent, such as running any javascript, ActiveX, or other embedded program code. 
     Customer input module  104  adapts the data provided by application interface  102  to the input parsing module  106 . It collects pertinent inputs from application interface  102  and makes the correct calls to the input parsing module with that input information. 
     Input parsing module  106  receives the input from customer input module  104  and interprets it using information stored in context database  108 . The purchasing system compares electronic activities (through the data provided via customer input module  104 ) with previously-conducted electronic activities (stored in context database  108 ). The output of input parsing module  106  includes a suggested course of action for the service/product arrangement module  110 . Further, if input parsing module  106  detects a required change to personal policy module  112 , it modifies the policy accordingly. 
     Context database  108  stores information that describes previously conducted activities performed by a network user, such as the occurrence of a meeting, along with parameters, such as the number of participants, meeting location, meeting resources and materials, and time of day. Other previously-conducted activities may include a web site search, an electronic purchase, an email message received or transmitted by the network user, a calendar item generated or accessed by the network user, and a task item generated or accessed by the network user. Context database  108  receives parsed data from input parsing module  106  and stores the data for future analysis. For example, a network user accesses a web page and the data parsed from this activity is transmitted to context database  108  and used during future analyses and determining a purchasing inference. Other network user activities tracked and stored in context database  108  may include keystrokes, mouse clicks, and other actions. 
     Service/product arrangement module  110  facilitates the selection of resources related to a specific transaction. For example, if a multi-party conference call has been scheduled, the service/product arrangement module  110  looks for associated resources typically used by the scheduling individual. These resources can be determined by looking at past transactions or by mapping related resources using business rules created via the purchasing system. Associated resources may include audio/video equipment, a white board, easel, or similar presentation materials, etc. 
     Personal policy module  112  allows a user to customize transaction policies and rules. The user can set limits on the frequency of a transaction or purchase and may specify conditions for implementing such transactions. For example, the user may be operating within a monthly budget of $5,000. Policies may include placing an upper limit on an amount of money that is authorized to be spent on a transaction, placing a time limit on when a transaction may be executed, stipulate authorized vendors, suppliers, or entities through which a transaction may be entered, and specifying delivery options for items and services associated with a transaction. A policy may be established by the user via personal policy module  112  that authorizes the purchasing system to automatically implement purchases up to that monthly dollar limit. 
     Customer policy/profile database  114  stores policies and rules set by a user and also stores discount options and packages that may be generated by the purchasing system for individuals or organizations that provide discounts and incentives for marketing purposes. Customer policy/profile database  114  may also store personal information relating to the customer such as customer name, address, credit card account information, special delivery options, etc. Delivery options may be specifically provided by the customer via personal policy module  112  or may be inferred based upon previously conducted activities stored in context database  108 . 
     Purchasing and billing module  116  interacts with service/product arrangement module  110  to execute purchases on behalf of an individual or organization. Transactions include an associated pricing structure that is used to generate electronic invoices to be transmitted to the purchasing individual. 
     Service/product capabilities module  118  uses product and service data stored in service/product database  122  to validate and ensure that resources desired by an individual are available and are compatible with other resources before bundling or grouping the resources into a package or offering them to the individual. 
     Service/product database  122  stores information pertaining to all available products and/or services provided by the purchasing system. Products and services may include anything available that can be purchased or bartered. An example of a service is an audio bridge service, which may be automatically purchased via the purchasing system acting on a network user&#39;s actions to schedule a conference call into a PIM electronic calendar. 
     User output module  120  provides appropriate notification or feedback to the user that an action was taken or a purchase was made. It may do this via the application programming interface  102 , wherein the notification or feedback is presented to the user via the commercial application itself (e.g., Microsoft Outlook™) or via any other feasible method such as email, pager, computer-generated voice message via telephone, a mobile device, or instant message (in which case the corresponding interfaces would be incorporated into the system). The user output module may also provide a method to request additional information or permission from the user at any point in the process. 
     As indicated above, the purchasing system allows for automatic purchasing of products and services based upon policy decisions established by the individual or organization and past activities.  FIG. 2  describes the process of implementing the automated purchasing system. 
     The process begins at step  202  whereby the automated purchasing system examines application activities conducted by a network user at step  204 . This is accomplished via data input received via application interface  102  and adapted via customer input module  104 . The activities conducted by the user are parsed and compared to data stored in context database  108  to determine whether a match exists and whether the personal policy rules established by the network user are in conformance with the inferred purchase at step  206 . Step  206  is accomplished by the input parsing module  106 , context database  108 , service/product arrangement module  110 , personal policy module  112 , and customer policy/profile database  114  as described in  FIG. 1 . If no matches have been found at step  206 , or alternatively, if the personal policy rules are not in conformance with the inferred purchase, the process reverts to step  204  where further evaluation of network user activities is performed. 
     If a match exists and personal policy rules are not in conflict at step  206 , the product or service is selected at step  208 . The service/product arrangement module  110  is used to determine whether additional resources related to the transaction are needed. An intent to execute a transaction is inferred by the purchasing system and a purchase transaction is initiated or scheduled at step  210 . Step  210  utilizes customer policy/profile database  114 , purchasing and billing module  116 , service/product capabilities module  118 , and service/product database  122 . If additional information is necessary, the automated purchasing system contacts the network user at step  212 . Otherwise, delivery options are ascertained at step  214  and a bill is generated or scheduled for generation at step  216 . Step  216  likewise utilizes customer policy/profile database  114 , purchasing and billing module  116 , service/product capabilities module  118 , and service/product database  122 . During the process recited in steps  214  and  216 , additional input of the network user may be sought if necessary. Notification to the user that an action was taken or a purchase was made can be provided at either of steps  214  or  216 , as described previously via the user output module  120 . Examples of notification include that a purchase was made or scheduled (which would occur during step  214 ) and that a bill was sent or a debit was made (which would occur during step  216 ). 
     Once the purchase has been executed, the automated purchasing activity continues to check for application activity conducted by the network user at step  218 . Step  218  utilizes data input received via application interface  102  and customer input module  104 . If no additional activity has occurred, the process ends at step  220 . 
     As indicated above, the automated purchasing system receives inputs from a user that are entered into a PIM and produces profiles on products and services to be purchased and arranged by the purchasing system&#39;s service capabilities module  118 . This may be via a set-up screen or similar method. The purchasing system structure integrates available electronic or Internet resources with PIM activities such as calendaring and organizing activities, and is applicable to any traditional PIM functions such as task management, project management, to-do lists, e-mail and messaging, etc. Personal information gathered via the purchasing system is protected via security mechanisms integrated within the structure and processes of the invention, such as encryption of information stored in the databases and authenticated and encrypted electronic communications as are well-known to those skilled in the art. 
     As described above, the present invention can be embodied in the form of computer-implemented processes and apparatuses for practicing those processes. The present invention can also be embodied in the form of computer program code containing instructions embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other computer-readable storage medium, wherein, when the computer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer, the computer becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. The present invention can also be embodied in the form of computer program code, for example, whether stored in a storage medium, loaded into and/or executed by a computer, or transmitted over some transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring or cabling, through fiber optics, or via electromagnetic radiation, wherein, when the computer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer, the computer becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. When implemented on a general-purpose microprocessor, the computer program code segments configure the microprocessor to create specific logic circuits. 
     While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims.