Abstract:
Embodiments of the present invention address deficiencies of the art in respect to instant messaging and provide a novel and non-obvious method, system and computer program product for managing e-mail user confidentiality. In one embodiment of the invention, a method for managing e-mail user confidentiality can be provided. The method can include transmitting an e-mail message for delivery to multiple e-mail users and corresponding e-mail addresses, identifying a privacy preference for a particular one of the e-mail users; and, concealing a display within the e-mail message of an e-mail address associated with the particular one of the e-mail users responsive to the privacy preference.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The present invention relates to the field of electronic messaging and more particularly to managing e-mail address confidentiality in an e-mail message. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0004]    A variety of electronic messaging systems have arisen which range from real-time instant messaging systems and wireless text pagers to asynchronous electronic mail systems. Electronic mail, a form of electronic messaging referred to in the art as e-mail, has proven to be the most widely used computing application globally. Though e-mail has been a commercial staple for several decades, due to the explosive popularity and global connectivity of the Internet, e-mail has become the preferred mode of communications, regardless of the geographic separation of communicating parties. 
         [0005]    E-mail applications allow users to compose and send e-mail to different users, in addition to forwarding e-mails that have been received to other designated recipients. It is common for e-mails to be redistributed several times to many different recipients. As such, there may be times when a user intends to conceal the e-mail address of the sender but not the content of a message when forwarding an e-mail. Likewise, a recipient of a mass-distributed e-mail may not find comfort in others viewing the e-mail address of the recipient in the addressable fields of the mass-distributed e-mail—especially when the others are not known personally to the recipient. 
         [0006]    Conventional methods of concealing the identity of an e-mail addressee include protecting the identity of the sender by manually removing the original name of the sender and e-mail address of the sender from the body of the e-mail before redistributing the e-mail. Also, to protect the identity of the recipient, every e-mail address for a corresponding recipient can be manually placed in the blind carbon copy (BCC) address field instead of the “TO” field. Still, conventional concealment methods place the fate of the identity protection of a designated recipient in the hands of the sender. 
         [0007]    Consequently, if the sender chooses not to respect the privacy of a designated recipient in connection with an e-mail message, then the identity of the designated recipient will be revealed to all recipients of the e-mail message. Thus, the original sender and the potential recipients of a redistributed e-mail have no control over identity protection. Further, though users enjoy the option of manually deleting or hiding e-mail addresses, current methods of redistributing e-mails and protecting identities of users can most times be manually cumbersome since there is no automated process of pro-actively preventing exposure of user e-mails in a redistributed e-mail. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    Embodiments of the present invention address deficiencies of the art in respect to real-time instant messaging and provide a novel and non-obvious method, system and computer program product for managing e-mail user confidentiality. In one embodiment of the invention, a method for e-mail user confidentiality management can be provided. The method can include transmitting an e-mail message for delivery to multiple e-mail users and corresponding e-mail addresses, identifying a privacy preference for a particular one of the e-mail users and concealing within the e-mail message a display of an e-mail address associated with the particular one of the e-mail users responsive to the privacy preference. 
         [0009]    In one aspect of the embodiment, transmitting an e-mail message for delivery to multiple e-mail users and corresponding e-mail addresses can include composing an e-mail message, retrieving an e-mail address for each of the e-mail users from a directory, populating an address field of the e-mail message with the e-mail addresses, and routing the e-mail message to the e-mail users. Alternatively, transmitting an e-mail message for delivery to multiple e-mail users and corresponding e-mail addresses can include selecting a previously received e-mail message, retrieving an e-mail address for each of a plurality of e-mail users from a directory, populating an address field of a forwarded form of the previously received e-mail message with the retrieved e-mail addresses, and routing the forwarded form of the previously received e-mail message to the e-mail users. 
         [0010]    In another aspect of the embodiment, identifying a privacy preference for a particular one of the e-mail users can include looking up a privacy preference for the particular one of the e-mail users in a directory of e-mail users and corresponding e-mail addresses. In yet another aspect of the embodiment, identifying a privacy preference for a particular one of the e-mail users further can include comparing the e-mail users designated for the e-mail message with members of a social network of the particular one of the e-mail users, and determining a privacy preference based upon a threshold number of the e-mail users also belonging to the social network. Finally, in even yet a further aspect of the embodiment, identifying a privacy preference for a particular one of the e-mail users further can include comparing the e-mail users designated for the e-mail message with e-mail users in a list, for example a lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) directory or an instant messaging (IM) buddy list. Thereafter, a privacy preference can be determined based upon a threshold number of the e-mail users appearing in the list. 
         [0011]    In another embodiment of the invention, a system for managing e-mail user confidentiality can be provided. The system can include a messaging client, a directory of e-mail users and corresponding e-mail addresses, and a confidentiality processor coupled to the messaging client. The confidentiality processor can be programmed to respond to a request to transmit an e-mail message for delivery to multiple e-mail users, to identify a privacy preference for a particular one of the e-mail users in the directory of e-mail users, and to conceal a display of an e-mail address associated with the particular one of the e-mail users responsive to the privacy preference. 
         [0012]    In another aspect of the embodiment, designating an e-mail message for delivery to multiple e-mail users and corresponding e-mail addresses can include composing or redistributing an e-mail message and populating an address field with e-mail addresses from a directory of e-mail users and corresponding e-mail addresses. 
         [0013]    In yet another aspect of the embodiment, identifying a privacy preference for a particular e-mail user can include looking up that particular user&#39;s e-mail address in a directory of e-mail users and corresponding e-mail addresses, and optionally determining that particular user&#39;s social network, and establishing a rule to govern the privacy preference for that particular e-mail user 
         [0014]    In another aspect of the embodiment, a system for managing confidentiality of an e-mail user can be provided. The system can include a messaging client, a directory of e-mail users and corresponding e-mail addresses, and a confidentiality processor coupled to the messaging client and programmed to respond to a request to designate an e-mail message for delivery to multiple e-mail users, identify a privacy preference for each e-mail user from the directory of e-mail users, and conceal the display of an e-mail address associated with an e-mail user responsive to the privacy preference. 
         [0015]    Additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The aspects of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0016]    The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The embodiments illustrated herein are presently preferred, it being understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown, wherein: 
           [0017]      FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of an e-mail messaging data processing system configured for e-mail address confidentiality management; and 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  is a flow chart of a process for managing e-mail address confidentiality in the e-mail messaging data processing system of  FIG. 1 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0019]    Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, system and computer program product for e-mail address confidentiality management. In accordance an embodiment of the invention, a set of e-mail clients in a messaging network can be configured to process e-mail address confidentiality for a particular e-mail user. Specifically, the confidentiality processor can specify a set of designated e-mail users for an associated e-mail message and the privacy preferences afforded to those particular e-mail users in transmitting the associated e-mail message. As such, when the e-mail message is received by a designated recipient, the display of e-mail addresses associated with those particular e-mail users can be concealed by the messaging client. 
         [0020]    In further illustration,  FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of an e-mail management data processing system configured for e-mail address confidentiality management. The system can include a host platform  110  coupled to one or more client computing devices  120  over data communications network  130 . The host platform  110  can support the operation of an e-mail messaging client  140  programmed to create, edit, transmit and receive electronic messages  150  including e-mail messages. Likewise, each of the client computing devices  120  can support an e-mail messaging client  140  configured to create, edit, transmit and receive electronic messages  150  including e-mail over the data communications network  130 . 
         [0021]    Importantly, each of the e-mail messaging clients  140  can be coupled to a confidentiality processor  170 . The confidentiality processor  170  can include program code enabled to process privacy preferences  160  associated with the electronic messages  150 . Each of the privacy preferences  160  can specify a designated sender and one or more recipients for an electronic message  150 . Each of the privacy preferences  160  further can specify a set of limitations pertaining to the ability of an e-mail user to conceal their own e-mail address in an electronic message  150 . The privacy preferences  160  can be stored in a directory  180  and stored in association with e-mail addresses with each being associated with a particular e-mail user. For example, the directory  180  can include an address book, an enterprise LDAP directory, or an IM buddy list. 
         [0022]    The limitations of the privacy preferences  160  can provide rules to determine whether or not to conceal the e-mail address of either a sender or a receiver of the electronic message  150 . The rules can include, for example, rules determining confidentiality based upon an express preference for confidentiality for a designated recipient of the electronic message  150 , whether a subsequent forwarder of the electronic message  150  has a particular identity, whether a threshold number of designated recipients of the electronic message  150  belong to a social network in common with the sender or receiver of associated with the e-mail address, or when the electronic message  150  is forwarded to an additional number of designated recipients, whether a threshold number of designated recipients of the electronic message  150  belong to a social network in common with the sender or receiver associated with the e-mail address. 
         [0023]    In operation, the program code of the confidentiality processor  140  can be enabled upon receiving an electronic message  150  to consult the directory  180  when determining whether or not to conceal a display of a particular e-mail address for a corresponding designated recipient of the electronic message  150 . The program code of the confidentiality processor  140  can base the determination upon a privacy preference found in the directory  180  for either the sender of the electronic message  150  or one or more of the designated recipients of the electronic message  150 . If a determination is made to conceal an e-mail address, the e-mail address can be placed in the BCC field of the message. Alternatively, to conceal an e-mail address, the e-mail address can be removed entirely from the electronic message  150  and a copy of the electronic message can be separately sent to the concealed e-mail address so as to maintain the confidentiality of the e-mail address. 
         [0024]    As an example, a particular e-mail user can set a default privacy setting in the e-mail client that will specify to the confidentiality processor  170  that all outgoing e-mail for that particular e-mail user should not be included in the body of the e-mail if the e-mail is redistributed. Additionally, the author can specify at the time that an e-mail is created that the author&#39;s e-mail address should be concealed in the body of the e-mail if the e-mail is eventually redistributed. This can be specified on the author&#39;s e-mail client through a user interface. Further, if a recipient receives an e-mail and decides to forward the e-mail, the act of forwarding could prompt the confidentiality processor to scan the e-mail and remove the author&#39;s e-mail address from the body of the e-mail. Moreover, rules to govern the concealment process can include prompting the confidentiality processor to conceal an e-mail user&#39;s e-mail address if one a certain percentage of the new recipients are not in the author&#39;s social network, if the sender is not in the author&#39;s social network, or if one or more of the original recipients was specified by the author as not being able to redistribute the author&#39;s e-mail address in the body of the e-mail. 
         [0025]    In more general illustration of the process of the invention,  FIG. 2  is a flow chart illustrating a process for managing confidentiality of an e-mail user. Beginning in block  210 , an e-mail message that has been composed or received from another e-mail user can be addressed to multiple e-mail users (user[ 1 ], user[ 2 ], user[n] . . . ) for distribution placed in an address field. Next in block  220  each user&#39;s privacy preference can be checked and confirmed. In decision block  230  if that particular user&#39;s privacy preference is set to private, then in block  240  that particular user&#39;s e-mail address can be concealed in a number of ways mentioned in  FIG. 1  discussion. If that particular user&#39;s privacy preference is set to public, then in block  250  that particular e-mail address can be displayed. Finally in block  260  the e-mail message can be transmitted while preserving the confidentiality of e-mail users that have requested to remain private. 
         [0026]    Embodiments of the invention can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment containing both hardware and software elements. In a preferred embodiment, the invention is implemented in software, which includes but is not limited to firmware, resident software, microcode, and the like. Furthermore, the invention can take the form of a computer program product accessible from a computer-usable or computer-readable medium providing program code for use by or in connection with a computer or any instruction execution system. 
         [0027]    For the purposes of this description, a computer-usable or computer readable medium can be any apparatus that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The medium can be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or a propagation medium. Examples of a computer-readable medium include a semiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk and an optical disk. Current examples of optical disks include compact disk—read only memory (CD-ROM), compact disk—read/write (CD-R/W) and DVD. 
         [0028]    A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can include local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution. Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards, displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system either directly or through intervening I/O controllers. Network adapters may also be coupled to the system to enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data processing systems or remote printers or storage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network adapters.