Abstract:
A method for improving transmission delay of a status report in a wireless communications system operating in an Acknowledged Mode includes triggering a status report transfer procedure and transmitting a status report packet a predetermined number of times that is more than one. A related wireless communications apparatus has a control circuit, a central processing unit, a memory, and program code for triggering a status report transfer procedure and transmitting a status report packet a predetermined number of times that is more than one.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/596,401, filed on Sep. 21, 2005 and entitled “METHOD AND APPARATUS TO IMPROVE TRANSMISSION DELAY OF SIGNALING MESSAGES,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention relates to Acknowledged Mode (AM) wireless transmissions in mobile communications systems, and more particularly, to a method and related apparatus for reducing transmission delay in a wireless communications device operating in AM by transmitting a status report a predetermined number of times greater than 1.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Prior Art  
         [0005]     With an arrival of an Information Age, demand for mobile voice and data communications and all kinds of mobile services increases daily. A prior art mobile communications system is already confronted with bottlenecks of insufficient frequency channels utilization and insufficient transmission speeds. Thus, third generation (3G) mobile communications technologies that provide higher frequency spectrum utilization and services with higher transmission speeds are already arriving on the scene. Compared to technologies of a second generation (2G) mobile communications system, a most fundamental differentiator in the 3G mobile communications system is adoption of a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) method, which is used to provide high-frequency spectrum utilization, universal coverage, and high quality, high speed multimedia data transmission. The WCDMA method also meets all kinds of QoS requirements simultaneously, providing diverse flexible two-way transmission services and better communication quality to reduce transmission interruption rates.  
         [0006]     Taking a wireless communications protocol standard set forth by the 3 rd  Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as an example, the 3G mobile communications system can provide different levels of transmission quality, and can operate in different modes based on different transmission quality requirements, e.g. Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). TM is appropriate for use in services with high requirements for real-time transmission, UM is appropriate for use in services with requirements for real-time transmission and packet sequencing, and AM is appropriate for use in services with low requirements for real-time transmission, but high requirements for data accuracy.  
         [0007]     In AM, in order to provide high data accuracy, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer protocol comprises an Automatic Retransmission Request (ARQ) process. A transmitter can accordingly trigger a polling function to determine a data transmission status. When a receiver receives a polling request, the receiver triggers a status report function to respond to the transmitter with the data reception status. When the transmitter desires to poll the receiver, the transmitter sets a polling bit of a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) to a preset value (such as “1”). When the receiver receives the PDU, i.e. when the receiver receives the polling request, the receiver uses a status report or a piggybacked status report to respond to the transmitter with the data reception status. In this way, the transmitter can execute follow-up processes, such as advancing a transmission window or retransmitting PDUs, based on the status report sent by the receiver. In the transmitter, the polling function can be triggered in any of the following ways: 
        1. Last New PDU—When a PDU is a last new PDU available for transmission by the transmitter, the polling process is triggered, i.e. the polling bit of the PDU is set to the preset value.     2. Last Retransmitted PDU—When a PDU is a last retransmitted PDU, the polling process is triggered.     3. Timer_Poll—Trigger a polling timer (Timer_Poll) after a poll has been sent. When Timer_Poll expires, trigger a new polling process to perform polling.     4. Every Fixed Number of PDUs—After each time a fixed number of PDUs (including retransmitted PDUs and new PDUs) have been transmitted, trigger a polling process.     5. Every Fixed Number of SDUs—After each time a fixed number of Service Data Units (SDU) have been transmitted, trigger a polling process.     6. Window based—Trigger a polling process based on a transmission percentage of a transmission window.     7. Timer based—Trigger a polling process periodically.        
 
         [0015]     Thus, based on different transmission requirements, the system can use the different methods described above to trigger the polling function at an appropriate time to request that the receiver responds with a status report, thereby determining the data transmission status. The receiver triggers a status report transfer procedure to send a status report when receiving the polling request described above. Additionally, when the receiver detects one or multiple missing PDUs, the receiver can actively transmit a status report to the transmitter, so as to remind the transmitter to retransmit the missing PDUs. Furthermore, the receiver can output a status report periodically to the transmitter to report the data transmission status. Thus, after the transmitter receives the status report sent from the receiver, the transmitter can determine the data transmission status to execute the follow-up processes.  
         [0016]     Use of the ARQ process (the polling and status report process) improves the accuracy of the data transmission and utilizes radio resource efficiently. However, the ARQ process is time consuming. Upper layer signaling messages need to be transmitted accurately. AM transmission mode with ARQ process can fulfill the accuracy requirement. However, because of the nature of radio interference, the polling PDU and the status report may get lost during radio transmission. This will affect the transmission throughput of upper layer signaling messages. As an example, the call setup time may be delayed due to radio interference. The effect of radio interference to the ARQ process is further analyzed below.  
         [0017]     When the receiver receives the polling request, the receiver outputs a status report to the transmitter to prompt the transmitter to retransmit missing PDUs. At this time, if interference or an error occurs during radio transmission of the status report, the transmitter must wait for the timer Timer-poll to expire before it can retransmit the polling request. The receiver only outputs the status report again after receiving the retransmitted polling request. Please refer to  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , the transmitter outputs PDUs  300 ,  302 ,  304  with respective sequence numbers (SN)  11 ,  12 ,  13  to carry an SDU (not shown), wherein a polling bit P of the PDU  304  is set to a value of “1.” Suppose that radio interference occurs when transmitting the PDU  302  so that the receiver does not successfully receive the PDU  302 . After the receiver receives a polling request contained in the PDU  304 , the receiver responds with a status report  306  to prompt the transmitter to retransmit the PDU  302 . At this time, if the status report  306  gets lost over the air due to radio interference so that the transmitter is unable to receive the status report  306 , the transmitter has no way of knowing that the receiver has not yet received the PDU  302 . When the timer Timer_poll eventually expires, the transmitter will determine the transmission error, retransmit the PDU  304   a  with SN=13 and set the polling bit to 1. After the receiver receives the PDU  304   a  that was retransmitted, because the receiver still has yet to receive the PDU  302  with SN=12, the receiver will send another status report  306   a  to the transmitter to prompt the transmitter to retransmit the PDU  302 . Then, based on the status report  306   a,  the transmitter will retransmit a PDU  302   a  with SN=12, and set the polling bit of the PDU  302   a  to a value of “1.” In other words, when the receiver detects the polling request, the receiver will output the status report to the transmitter. If an error or radio interference occurs during transmission of the status report, although the prior art is able to detect the error, the prior art is unable to prevent the error. Thus, the throughput of upper layer signaling messages may be deteriorated. As a result, the utilization comfort of the ender users is affected due to ARQ process and radio interference.  
         [0018]     Simply speaking, through use of the ARQ process, the prior art can guarantee data accuracy. However, if an error occurs in the transmission of related PDUs or the status report, a transmission delay is caused, which affects transmission throughput and comfort of end users.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0019]     According to the claimed invention, a method of improving transmission delay of a status report in a wireless communications system operating in Acknowledged Mode comprises triggering a status report transfer procedure and transmitting the status report a predetermined number of times that is greater than 1.  
         [0020]     According to the claimed invention, a wireless communications apparatus operating in Acknowledged Mode utilized in a wireless communications system for improving transmission delay of a status report comprises a control circuit for realizing functions of the wireless communications apparatus, a central processing unit for executing program code to control the control circuit, and a memory for storing the program code. The program code comprises triggering a status report transfer procedure and transmitting the status report a predetermined number of times that is greater than 1.  
         [0021]     These and other objectives of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of a status report transmission error in a mobile communications system according to the prior art.  
         [0023]      FIG. 2  is a functional block diagram of a mobile communications device according to the present invention.  
         [0024]      FIG. 3  is a diagram of a program code of  FIG. 2 .  
         [0025]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart of a process according to the present invention.  
         [0026]      FIG. 5  is a diagram of a realization of the process of  FIG. 4 . 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0027]     Please refer to  FIG. 2 .  FIG. 2  is a functional block diagram of a wireless communications device  400  according to the present invention. For simplicity,  FIG. 2  only shows an input device  402 , an output device  404 , a control circuit  406 , a central processing unit (CPU)  408 , a memory  410 , program code  412 , and a transceiver  414  of the wireless communications device  400 . In the wireless communications device  400 , the control circuit  406  executes the program code  412  in the memory  410  through the CPU  408 , thereby controlling an operation of the wireless communications device  400 . The wireless communications device  400  can receive signals input by a user through the input device  402 , such as a keyboard, and can output images and sounds through the output device  404 , such as a monitor or a speaker. The transceiver  414  is used to receive and transmit wireless signals, transmitting received signals to the control circuit  406 , and outputting signals generated by the control circuit  406  wirelessly. From a perspective of a communications protocol framework, the transceiver  414  can be seen as a portion of Layer  1 , and the control circuit  406  can be utilized to realize functions of Layer  2  and Layer  3 .  
         [0028]     Please continue to refer to  FIG. 3 .  FIG. 3  is a diagram of the program code  412  shown in  FIG. 2 . The program code  412  comprises an application layer  500 , a Layer  3  interface  502 , and a Layer  2  interface  506 , and is coupled to a Layer  1  interface  518 . When a signal is transmitted, the Layer  2  interface  506  forms a plurality of SDUs  508  according to data outputted by Layer  3  interface  502 , and stores the plurality of SDUs  508  in a buffer  512 . Then, according to the SDUs  508  stored in the buffer  512 , the Layer  2  interface  506  generates a plurality of PDUs  514 , and sends the plurality of PDUs  514  to a destination terminal through the Layer  1  interface  518 . In contrast, when a wireless signal is received, the signal is received through the Layer  1  interface  518 , then outputted as PDUs  514  to the Layer  2  interface  506 . The Layer  2  interface  506  restores the PDUs  514  to SDUs  508  and stores the SDUs  508  in the buffer  512 . Last, the Layer  2  interface  506  transmits the SDUs  508  stored in the buffer  512  to the Layer  3  interface  502 .  
         [0029]     The wireless communications device  400  is preferably used in a  3 G mobile communications system. When the wireless communications device  400  is operated in AM, to reduce the transmission delay of the prior art, the present invention utilizes a following process to set a related algorithm in the program code  412  to resolve the problems of the prior art.  
         [0030]     Please refer to  FIG. 4 .  FIG. 4  is a flow chart of a process  101  according to the present invention. The process  101  comprises steps of:  
         [0031]     Step  1000 : Start.  
         [0032]     Step  1002 : Trigger a status report transfer procedure.  
         [0033]     Step  1004 : Retransmit a status report a predetermined number of times that is greater than 1.  
         [0034]     Step  1006 : End.  
         [0035]     Thus, according to process  101 , when the receiver is triggered to transmit a status report, the receiver transmits the status report more than once to guarantee that the status report is received successfully by the transmitter. In other words, the process  101  increases a probability that the status report will be transmitted accurately to the transmitter by retransmitting the status report, thereby reducing transmission delay.  
         [0036]     For example, in  FIG. 5 , the transmitter outputs PDUs  1100 ,  1102 ,  1104  with respective SNs  11 ,  12 ,  13  to carry an SDU (not shown), and the polling bit of the PDU  1104  has a value of “1.” Suppose that radio interference occurs when transmitting the PDU  1102  so that the receiver is unable to successfully receive the PDU  1102 . When the receiver receives the polling request contained in the PDU  1104 , the receiver will transmit the status report  1106 ,  1106   a  twice, in order to prompt the transmitter to retransmit the PDU  1102  that was not received. At this time, if the status report  1106  gets lost over the air due to radio interference, the transmitter can still receive the status report  1106   a,  thereby determining that the receiver did not receive the PDU  1102  with SN=12. Thus, the transmitter will retransmit the PDU  1102   a  with SN=12. Generally, the polling bit of the PDU  1102   a  is set to a value of “1,” but how the polling bit is set in the PDU  1102   a  is not directly related to the present invention, and is not a necessary characteristic of the present invention. In other words, according to the process  101 , if the receiver is triggered to transmit a status report, e.g., detecting a missing PDU, the receiver will repeatedly transmit the status report to the transmitter to prompt the transmitter to retransmit the missing PDU. Because the present invention repeatedly transmits the status report, the present invention can prevent one cause of delay that arises due to radio interference, thereby increasing ease of use.  
         [0037]     Summing up the above description, the present invention improves the probability of success in the status report transfer procedure by repeatedly transmitting the status report, thereby reducing transmission delay and improving ease of use.  
         [0038]     Those skilled in the art will readily observe that numerous modifications and alterations of the device and method may be made while retaining the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the above disclosure should be construed as limited only by the metes and bounds of the appended claims.