Abstract:
In order to manufacture a vibration wave driving device in a short time and with high accuracy, the device of the invention comprises:  
     a vibrating member which has an elastic member and an electromechanical energy conversion element and which causes vibration when a drive signal is applied to the electromechanical energy conversion element; and  
     a moving member coming into contact with the vibrating member and driven by the vibration,  
     characterized in that contact portions of the vibrating member and the moving member are formed such that at least one contact portion protrudes toward the other contact portion and that the vibrating member or the moving member having the protruding contact portion has in a same plane as an end surface of the protruding contact portion a surface of a part other than the protruding contact portion.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to a construction of a contact portion of a vibrating member or a moving member for use in a vibration wave driving device, and to a method of processing this contact portion.  
           [0003]    2. Related Background Art  
           [0004]    A vibration wave motor which is a vibration wave driving device, has a vibrating member generating vibration serving as a drive source, and this vibrating member is composed of an elastic member and a piezoelectric element serving as an electromechanical energy conversion element. A piezoelectric element has two drive phases that have a phase shift of, for example, 90 degrees. When drive signals (alternating signals) having a phase shift of 90 degrees are applied to these two drive phases, a vibration which is a travelling wave is generated on the surface of the elastic member. When a rotor is brought into press contact with this elastic member, the rotor is driven by the traveling wave generated on the surface of the elastic member.  
           [0005]    Conventional well-known vibration wave motors of the type in which a rotor is rotated are annular, disc-like, or bar-like configurations. In the following, the construction of a bar-like vibration wave motor will be described.  
           [0006]    [0006]FIG. 12 is a sectional view of an example of a conventional bar-like vibration wave motor. A vibrating member  1  generating vibration is constructed of elastic members  9  and  10  formed of metal or the like; a frictional ring  9   b  attached to the forward end surface of the elastic member  9  by adhesion, brazing or the like and formed, for example, of alumina ceramics; and a laminated piezoelectric element  11  held between the elastic members  9  and  10  and serving as a layered electromechanical energy conversion element.  
           [0007]    After attaching the frictional ring  9   b  to the elastic member  9 , the surface of the frictional ring  9   b  which is on the opposite side of the attachment surface, that is, the frictional surface, is polished to enhance its flatness and to smoothen its surface.  
           [0008]    At the center of the elastic member  9 , the piezoelectric element  11 , and the elastic member  10 , there is formed a through-hole, into which a support bar  5  constituting a framework member of the motor is inserted. One end portion of the support bar  5  protrudes beyond the elastic member  10 , and a nut  6  is engaged with a screw portion  5   b  formed on the protruding portion. The support bar  5  has a large diameter portion  5   a  in contact with a step formed on the inner side of the elastic member  9 . By fastening the nut  6 , the elastic member  9 , the laminated piezoelectric element  11  and the elastic member  10 , which are held between the large diameter portion  5   a  and the nut  6 , are pressed against each other and secured in position.  
           [0009]    Reference numeral  2  indicates a rotor (moving member) arranged opposite to the forward end surface of the elastic member  9 . It is composed of a cylindrical main body  21  and a contact spring  22  fitted onto the outer periphery of the main body  21 , and the both components are joined together by adhesion, welding or the like. The rotor  2  is engaged with an output gear  4  rotating integrally with the rotor  2 ; this gear  4  slides on a motor mounting flange  7  through the intermediation of lubricating oil. A screw portion  5   c  at the other end of the support bar  5  is fixed to the flange  7 , and the vibrating member  1  is supported by fixing the flange  7  to a bottom board (not shown) by means of a screw. On the inner wall of the through-hole at the center of the main body  21  of the rotor  2 , there is formed a step constituting a spring seat portion  21   a , and a pressure spring  8  is arranged between the spring seat portion  21   a  and the output gear  4 , the contact spring  22  of the rotor  2  being brought into press contact with the frictional ring  9   b  of the vibrating member  1 .  
           [0010]    The driving principle of the vibration wave motor of FIG. 12 is as follows. A detailed description of the laminated piezoelectric element  11  will be omitted. When a two-phase alternating voltage is applied to the laminated piezoelectric element  11 , an expansion and contraction movement is generated in the laminated piezoelectric element  11 , and primary bending natural vibrations in a direction parallel to the plane of FIG. 12 and a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 12 are generated in the vibrating member  1 . When the two vibrations are generated with a phase shift in time of 90 degrees, a rightward or a leftward circular motion is generated in the vibrating member  1  around the position of the support bar  5  in case that there is no vibration. The elastic member  9  has a groove  9   a  for enlarging the vibration displacement, and a swinging motion as indicated by the arrows of FIG. 12 is generated at the forward end of the elastic member  9 . As seen from the contact surface (the upper surface of the frictional ring), this vibration corresponds to a 1-wave traveling wave. When the rotor  2  having the contact spring  22  is brought into pressure contact with the vibrating member  1 , the rotor  2  comes into contact with the upper surface of the frictional ring  9   b  with only one portion thereof in the vicinity of the antinode of the traveling wave shifted to the rotor side of the vibrating member  1 , and rotates in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the traveling wave. The rotation output of the rotor  2  is extracted by the gear  4  engaged with the main body  21  of the rotor  2  and the flange  7 .  
           [0011]    The natural mode of the vibrating member  1  is designed such that the vibration amplitude of the flange  7  is very small, and the main body  21  of the rotor  2  is designed such that its inertial mass is large enough not to allow any vibration to be caused by the excitation of the vibrating member  1 . Further, the contact spring  22  of the rotor  2  is designed such that its natural frequency is sufficiently higher than the driving frequency of the vibrating member and that it follows the vibration.  
           [0012]    Note that the contact spring  22  of the rotor  2  is formed through heat treatment of stainless steel to achieve an increase in hardness to thereby enhance wear resistance, and there is no fear that edge chipping will occur as in the case of a contact spring formed of anodized aluminium. The frictional ring  9   b  is harder than the contact spring  22 . Since it is mainly the contact spring  22  that is worn, the frictional ring  9   b  is hardly rutted.  
           [0013]    Here, the contact spring  22  of the rotor  2  will be described with reference to the enlarged view of FIG. 13.  
           [0014]    The contact spring  22  is composed of a thin-walled spring portion  22   a  having elasticity mainly in the radial direction, a thin-walled spring portion  22   b  which is a flange portion connected to the spring portion  22   a  and having elasticity in the axial direction, and a forward end portion  22   c  connected to the spring portion  22   b . As stated above, the end surface of the forward end portion  22   c  constituting the surface coming into contact with the frictional ring  9   b  is polished to enhance its flatness and to be smoothened after attaching the contact spring  22  to the main body  21 .  
           [0015]    Note that when the contact spring  22  is formed by a press or the like, the end surface of the forward end portion  22   c  prior to the processing is not flat as shown in FIG. 14, and there is a fluctuation in an axial dimension H. Thus, it is necessary to flatten the end surface of the forward end portion  22   c  by grinding or rough-polishing and to attain a predetermined axial dimension before performing finish polishing.  
           [0016]    In the case of grinding, it is possible to accurately attain the axial dimension H of the forward end portion  22   c . However, large burr is generated at the end surface, which leads to a rather long finish polishing time. Further, in the case of rough-polishing, the end surface can be formed neatly. However, due to the small width of the end surface, the polishing is finished in a short time, so that the fluctuation in the axial dimension H is likely to be rather large. Even so, it is not desirable to perform finish polishing from the beginning since, in that case, it would take even longer till a predetermined dimension is achieved.  
           [0017]    Thus, there seems to be room for improvement from the viewpoint of processing the forward end portion  22   c  of the contact spring  22  in a short time and with high accuracy.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0018]    In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a vibration wave driving device including: a vibrating member which has an elastic member and an electromechanical energy conversion element and which causes vibration when a drive signal is applied to the electromechanical energy conversion element, and a moving member coming into contact with the vibrating member and driven by the vibration; in which contact portions of the vibrating member and the moving member are formed so that at least one contact portion protrudes toward the other contact portion and that the vibrating member or the moving member having the protruding contact portion has a surface of a part other than the protruding contact portion in the same plane as the end surface of the protruding contact portion.  
           [0019]    When the end surface of the contact portion and the surface of the part other than the contact portion, provided in the same plane, are simultaneously polished, it will be easy to restrain fluctuation in the finish dimension attained by polishing.  
           [0020]    Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures thereof. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0021]    [0021]FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of contact portions of a rotor and a vibrating member of a bar-like vibration wave motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the rotor of the bar-like vibration wave motor of FIG. 1 prior to rough polishing;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the rotor of the bar-like vibration wave motor of FIG. 1 during rough polishing;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the rotor of the bar-like vibration wave motor of FIG. 1 after rough polishing;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the rotor of the bar-like vibration wave motor according to another embodiment of the present invention prior to rough polishing;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the rotor of the bar-like vibration wave motor of FIG. 5 during rough polishing;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the contact portions of the rotor and the vibrating member of an annular type vibration wave motor according to still another embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of contact portions of the rotor and the vibrating member of the annular type vibration wave motor of FIG. 7;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view of contact portions of the rotor and the vibrating member of the annular type vibration wave motor according to still another embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 10 is a sectional view of contact portions of the vibrating member of the annular type vibration wave motor of FIG. 9 and another rotor;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 11 is a sectional view of contact portions of the vibrating member of the annular type vibration wave motor of FIG. 9 and another rotor;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional bar-like vibration wave motor;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 13 is an enlarged sectional view of contact portions of the rotor and the vibrating member of a conventional bar-like vibration wave motor; and  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 14 is an enlarged sectional view of the rotor of a conventional bar-like vibration wave motor prior to rough polishing. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0035]    Vibration wave motors to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 11.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 1 is an enlarged sectional view of contact portions of vibrating member  1  and a rotor  20  of a bar-like vibration motor to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied. In the drawing, the components which are the same as those shown in FIG. 13, showing a prior-art example, are indicated by the same reference numerals.  
         [0037]    In the drawing, an end surface of a forward end portion  22   c  of a contact spring  22  of the rotor  20 , that is, the frictional surface, is positioned in the same plane as a vibrating-member-side end surface  201   b  of a rotor main body  201 . In the following, the processing steps until the final configuration is attained will be described.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the preprocessing state immediately after the connection of the contact spring  22  and the main body  201 . The vibrating-member-side end surface  201   b  of the rotor main body  201  protrudes beyond the end surface of the forward end portion  22   c  of the contact spring  22  toward the vibrating member  1  side. As shown in FIG. 3, the vibrating-member-side end surface  201   b  of the main body  201  of a rotor  2  (the shaded portion of FIG. 3) is first cut off by rough polishing. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, after the vibrating-member-side end surface  201   b  has been positioned in the same plane as the end surface of the forward end portion  22   c , rough polishing is performed on both until a predetermined dimension H is attained (as indicated by the shaded portions of FIG. 4).  
         [0039]    If rough polishing is performed only on the forward end portion  22   c  of the contact spring  22  as in the prior art, the polishing rate is rather high, so that the adjustment of the polished amount is difficult to perform. However, due to the above-mentioned arrangement, the polishing area increases, so that the polishing rate becomes lower, making it easy to restrain the fluctuation in the dimension H. Further, due to the increase in the polishing area, it is possible to prevent the rotor from running out of control during polishing operation. Thus, it is possible to prevent deformation of the forward end portion  22   c  of the contact spring  22  and chipping of the edge thereof.  
         [0040]    Thereafter, finish polishing is performed simultaneously on the vibrating-member-side end surface  201   b  of the rotor main body  201  and the end surface of the forward end portion  22   c  of the contact spring  22 . As in the rough polishing, the polishing area is larger than that in the conventional example, so that there is no danger of the rotor  20  running out of control.  
         [0041]    Note that in the finish polishing, an appropriate load is applied in order to avoid spending too much time due to the increase in polishing area. Conventionally, only the weight of the rotor has been utilized without applying any load since too much load can lead to plastic deformation of the contact spring  22 . In this embodiment, there is no fear of plastic deformation since the finish polishing is simultaneously performed on the contact spring  22  and the main body  201 .  
         [0042]    Further, when the rotor  20  of this embodiment is used, a gap G (shown in FIG. 1) between the vibrating-member-side end surface  201   b  and an elastic member  9  is generally reduced. Thus, when the rotor  20  receives a large impact from outside, the end surface  201   b  comes into contact with the elastic body  9  before the forward end portion  22   c  undergoes drastic deformation, whereby it is possible to prevent fatal deformation of the forward end portion  22   c.    
         [0043]    Note that since the main body  201  constitutes a component separate from the contact spring  22 , it can be formed by sintering, die-casting or the like, thereby achieving a reduction in cost.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIGS. 5 and 6 are enlarged sectional views of contact portions of the vibrating member  1  and the rotor  2  of the bar-like vibration wave motor to which another embodiment of the present invention is applied. This embodiment differs from the above-described one in the partial configuration of the rotor  20  and the polishing process.  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the state immediately after the connection of the contact spring  22  and a main body  202 . In the state prior to the polishing, the forward end portion  22   c  of the contact spring  22  of the rotor  20  protrudes beyond a vibrating-member-side end surface  202   b  of the rotor main body  202  toward the vibrating member  1  side. This is due to the fact that, when joining the contact spring  22  to the main body  202 , the contact spring  22  is fitted from underside of the drawing onto the main body  202  and abutted against an abutment surface  202   c  of the main body, so that as shown in FIG. 2, protrusion of the vibrating-member-side end surface  202   b  of the rotor main body  202  beyond the end surface of the forward end portion  22   c  toward the vibrating member  1  side would result in poor operability.  
         [0046]    In this case, the tip (the shaded portion in FIG. 6) of the forward end portion  22   c  of the contact spring  22  is first cut off by rough polishing until it becomes flush with the vibrating-member-side end surface  202   b  of the rotor main body  202 , and then rough polishing is performed on both until the predetermined dimension H is attained to thereby achieve the configuration as shown in FIG. 1 (the shaded portions in FIG. 4). Thereafter, finish polishing is performed as in the first embodiment.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a main portion of an annular vibration wave motor to which still another embodiment of the present invention is applied. In the drawing, reference numeral  101  indicates a vibrating member consisting of a ring-like elastic member  109  to one end surface of which a piezoelectric element  111  is attached and to the other end surface of which a frictional member  110  is attached. A support portion  109   b  for fixation to a case (not shown) being provided on the inside diameter side of the elastic member  109 .  
         [0048]    Reference numeral  102  indicates a rotor formed, for example, of an aluminium alloy with silicon diffused therein; it is held in press contact with the frictional member  110  of the vibrating member  101  by a pressure spring (not shown).  
         [0049]    When the frictional member  110  is formed of a material softer than the rotor, such as resin, the frictional member  110  is subject to abrasion due to the relatively frictional sliding of the vibrating member  101  and a rotor  102 , and such abrasion will cause the frictional member  110  to be rutted, resulting in a deterioration in performance. To prevent this, as shown in the enlarged sectional view of the contact portions of FIG. 8, there is provided on the frictional member  110  a protrusion  110   a  whose width is smaller than the width of the end surface of the frictional portion of the rotor  102 .  
         [0050]    The frictional surface of the protrusion  110   a  of the frictional member  110  is polished to be enhanced in flatness and smoothened. A protrusion  109   a  is provided on the inner peripheral side of the elastic member  109 , and, as in the case of the rotor  20  of the above-described bar-like vibration wave motor, the two protrusions  109   a  and  100   a  are polished simultaneously, whereby it is possible to prevent the polishing to be effected too fast. Further, fluctuation in a dimension H 1  shown in FIG. 8 can be easily restrained, and it is possible to prevent the vibrating member from running out of control during polishing.  
         [0051]    [0051]FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view of contact portions of the annular vibration wave motor to which still another embodiment of the present invention is applied.  
         [0052]    In this embodiment, a frictional member  120  attached to an elastic member  129  has a first protrusion  120   a  on the outside diameter side coming into contact with the rotor and a second protrusion  120   b  on the inside diameter side polished simultaneously with the first protrusion  120   a . That is, in the vibration wave motor shown in FIG. 9, when polishing the frictional member  120 , the second protrusion  120   b  has the same function as the protrusion  109   a  shown in FIG. 8.  
         [0053]    Note that regarding the rotor configuration, it goes without saying that a rotor  103  of the annular type vibration wave motor as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 10-42579, shown in FIG. 10, and a rotor  104  of the annular type vibration wave motor as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 10-75588, shown in FIG. 11, are applicable to the vibrating member shown in FIG. 8 or  9 .