Abstract:
The present invention relates to software development in a networked environment, and in particular to method and system for automatically assisted generation of composite applications ( 44 ) which are composed of a plurality of instantiable components, wherein a composite application infrastructure (CAI) component ( 15 ) handles application instances ( 19 ) during runtime and manages connections and data flow between said components of a composite application, and wherein a templating application infrastructure (TAI) component ( 13 ) manages templates ( 23 ) which contain references to said instantiable components. In order to provide a method and system which is more flexible and requires less skill and time for building a composite application or for keeping it up-to-date, the following steps are proposed:
       a) dynamically accessing ( 420 ) a data source ( 32 ) comprising one or more components being potentially suitable for being used within said composite application ( 44 ),   b) parsing ( 430 ) said data source ( 32 ) for a predetermined searched component according to a predetermined functionality specification standard,   c) ranking ( 730 ) found components according to predetermined ranking criteria,   d) defining a list ( 60 ) of selected usable components from said ranking,   e) storing ( 440 ) at least a subset of said selected components locally,   f) automatically deploying ( 660 ) said composite application ( 44 ) from said selected components.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) to European Patent Application Serial Number EP07111107.4, filed 27 Jun. 2007, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to software development in a networked environment. In particular, it relates to a method and system for automatically assisted generation of composite applications which are composed of a plurality of components, and in which method a template means defines the requirements and specifications of the components of the composite application, and wherein the template serves as an input for instantiating the composite application. 
         [0004]    2. Description and Disadvantages of Prior Art 
         [0005]    In this field the term “composite application” defines an application hosted on a web portal platform which is built by combining and connecting multiple components such as portlets, wikis, document libraries or web services, for a particular purpose such as a shop or a virtual teamroom application. A single portal platform may host multiple instances of the same composite application, for example different teamrooms for different associated user communities. Composite applications are built from a template describing the contained components and their set-up and interconnection. 
         [0006]      FIG. 1  illustrates a prior art system architecture which is used in prior art for building a composite application. 
         [0007]      FIG. 1A  shows the overview of the components that build up the prior art application infrastructure  11 ,—abbreviated herein also as AI—system architecture within an overall portal system  10 . The application infrastructure comprises:
       the templating application infrastructure  13 —abbreviated herein also as TAI—that handles the templates in the system and the creation of new composite applications,   the composite application infrastructure  15 —abbreviated herein also as CAI—that handles the application instances  19  during runtime and manages connections and the data flow between the components of an application,   the component registry  27  that manages the business components installed in the system, and   the portal handler  29  which is a specific local component that manages any portal related artifacts  8  like pages or portlets for the application infrastructure in the portal, and which is used by the instantiation component  17  to create such artifacts during the creation of a new composite application.         
         [0012]    The templating application infrastructure (TAI) component  13  manages the templates  23  in the system which contain references to instantiable components in a local list of components  27 . As an example, a template for shopping applications could consist of a reference to a document library component which is used to hold the available goods and their descriptions, a shop portlet that lets clients process actual shopping transactions, an invoice business component that handles the payment process and a blogging component that allows clients to comment on their satisfaction. 
         [0013]    The TAI component  13  also creates application instances from the templates via an instantiation component  17 , which creates separate instances of the referenced business components, typically by creating or copying individual configurations for these components such that multiple application instances can be created from the same template without interfering with each other. 
         [0014]    For the above mentioned sample template, the instantiation  17  would, among other things, create an individual storage compartment in the document library, an individual configuration of the invoice component referring to the bank account and an individual configuration for the shop portlet that is set up to display goods from the created document library and to delegate payment processing to the created invoice component instance. 
         [0015]    In particular, the instantiation  17  needs to create the necessary portal artifacts like pages that allow to interact with the created composite application, which is typically done by employing a specific handler  29  that creates those portal artifacts  8  and links them with the business components of the application. 
         [0016]    The created composite application instances  19  hold a context  25  that lists the component instances that make up the composite application 
         [0017]      FIG. 1B  shows an overview of the storage components involved in the portal architecture  10  that comprises deployment related code in a deployment component  14  and a runtime environment in one or more runtime containers  12  where the deployed components are executed. 
         [0018]    For the composite application context deployed artifacts are:
       application components stored in a component registry  18 ,   templates stored in a template catalog  20 .       
 
         [0021]    This data is then referenced by the application&#39;s instance specific data  16 . 
         [0022]    In prior art composite applications and their components which are also referred herein as “artifacts” have to be individually developed or supplied by a vendor. Specifically, when different composite applications or artifacts are offered by different vendors a decision which composite application or artifact to use for building up a new, own composite application requires significant knowledge about the properties of the artifacts offered by the various vendors. These properties comprise the scope of functions, an artifact is able to deliver, compliant of input data and output data in order to build in an artifact into the planned own composite application, as well as precise descriptions of APIs to other artifacts or components cooperating with. This is the reason why such artifacts need to be manually observed, analyzed and finally deployed. Further, a planned composite application needs then to be manually assembled by using the artifact mentioned above. The assembly can then be stored as a template. 
         [0023]    Alternatively, composite applications can also be created based on templates that contain the list of components that build up the composite application. If any of the respective components is not available in the system the creation of the composite application will fail. So, always, some manual work is necessary for creating a composite application. 
         [0024]    Disadvantageously, this manual work requires much skills and experience. Further, in case of updates for certain artifacts which have been used for building up the composite applications it is a difficult work to observe and analyze if such new update is suitable for being build in an existing composite application in order to replace an older version thereof. Again, the functional scope must be analyzed, the interfaces must be observed in order to comply with those being used in the actually existing composite application and, potentially, a decision has to be taken if or if not to extend the composite application in order to integrate some new function offered by such new update of an artifact as mentioned above. 
         [0025]    Disadvantageously, the assembly and keeping up-to-date of such composite applications is to much time-consuming. 
       OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION 
       [0026]    It is thus the objective of the present invention to provide a method for automatically assisted generation of composite applications which is more flexible and requires less skill and time for building a composite application or for keeping it up-to-date. 
       SUMMARY AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION 
       [0027]    In short words, the inventional method discloses two processing parts: A first part for implementing a dynamic discovery and deployment of components referenced by a template, and a second part for performing an automated assembly of components based on meta data, e.g., a component to store documents, and a component to handle mail. 
         [0028]    The above objective of the invention is achieved by the features stated in enclosed independent claims. Further advantageous arrangements and embodiments of the invention are set forth in the respective subclaims. Reference should now be made to the appended claims. 
         [0029]    According to its basic aspect the present invention discloses a method for automatically assisted generation of composite applications preferably implemented in an application server, or specifically in a portal server, which composite applications are composed of a plurality of instantiable components, 
         [0000]    wherein a composite application infrastructure (CAI) component handles application instances during runtime and manages connections and data flow between said components of a composite application,
 
and wherein a templating application infrastructure (TAI) component manages templates ( 23 ) which contain references to said instantiable components. This method is characterised by an automatic component discovery comprising the steps of:
 
a) dynamically accessing a data source such as e.g. a template catalog, an artefact registry, or some libraries located locally or remote in a network, which data source comprises one or more components, being potentially suitable for being used within the composite application,
 
b) parsing the data source for a predetermined, searched component according to a predetermined functionality specification standard, as exemplarily given in  FIG. 8 ,
 
c) ranking found components according to predetermined ranking criteria,
 
d) defining a list of selected usable components from the ranking,
 
e) storing at least a subset of the selected components locally, preferably at the application server,
 
f) automatically deploying the composite application using at least one of said selected components.
 
         [0030]    The step of discovering components may include the access of data sources located local or remote relative to the server which generates the composite application. 
         [0031]    Further the process of installing a discovered component into said composite application may be done advantageously in an automated way without major human interference. 
         [0032]    Further advantageously, an automatic versioning management may be included by enriching the inventional method, wherein a component is used for an instantiation of a composite application is automatically monitored for updates thereof, and wherein in case a new update is discovered, the step is performed of checking if its requirements comply with those of the composite application, and, if it complies, to perform the step of automatically binding the new updated component into the composite application. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0033]    The present invention is illustrated by way of example and is not limited by the shape of the figures of the drawings in which: 
           [0034]      FIGS. 1A and 1B  illustrate the most basic structural components of a prior art hardware and software environment used for a prior art method at a portal site, 
           [0035]      FIGS. 2A and 2B  illustrate the most basic structural components of a inventional hardware and software environment used for a preferred embodiment of the inventional method again at a portal site, 
           [0036]      FIGS. 3A and 3B  illustrate the control flow of the most important steps of a preferred embodiment of the inventional method, when searching for a template, 
           [0037]      FIGS. 4A and 4B  illustrate the control flow of the most important steps of a preferred embodiment of the inventional method, when searching for artefacts using meta data from a template described with reference to  FIG. 3 , 
           [0038]      FIGS. 5A and 5B  illustrate the control flow of the most important steps of a preferred embodiment of the inventional method, when managing updates of artefacts discovered according to  FIG. 4  incorporated in a composite application based on a template described with reference to  FIG. 3 , 
           [0039]      FIGS. 6A and 6B  illustrate the control flow of the most important steps of a preferred embodiment of the inventional method, when automatically creating an instance of a composite application using artefacts discovered according to  FIG. 4 , 
           [0040]      FIG. 8  shows some details for sample component meta data. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0041]      FIG. 2A  illustrates the system architecture used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, distributed over a network, such as the internet.  FIG. 2B  shows details at the portal site. 
         [0042]    In the portal system  10  (left part of  FIG. 2A ) a new component  21  is implemented: An instantiation component  21 . This instantiation component  21  has appropriate interfaces to the portal  10 , to the runtime container  12 , the deployment component  14  as well as to input/output and send/receive functionalities in order to communicate across the internet or another network with an artifact registry service  22 , which is in turn also new and provided by the present invention. 
         [0043]    In the artifact registry service  22  a further discovery component  24  is provided, as well as a registry component  26  and a notification component  28 . Further, the before mentioned components have appropriate APIs in order to communicate with each other and with a template catalogue  30  as well as with an artifact registry  32 . Further, send and receive functionality is provided and not explicitly depicted in order to communicate with either the portal  10  or any independent software vendor  34  (ISV) depicted in the right hand portion of  FIG. 2 . 
         [0044]    The independent software vendor  34  may be represented for example by a portal or by any other suited data source which includes one or a plurality of artifact  36  which are collected in the artifact registry  32  of the respective service  22 . It should be noted that a plurality of independent software vendors  34  register their respective artifact  36  in this artifact registry  32  such that there is built up a considerable collection of such artifacts. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the artifacts are ordered by incorporating them into a given taxonomy which is preinstalled at the artifact registry  32 . 
         [0045]    In a similar way a template catalogue  30  is provided at the artifact registry service  22  which comprises a collection of templates, also preferably ordered by a given taxonomy, wherein each template is usable by the inventional method in order to generate a composite application by using one or more of such templates as a base for the structure and function of such composite application. 
         [0046]    The discovery component  24  is preferably invoked by the instantiation component  21 , as the components are needed for instantiating the composite application, and searches artifacts and templates based on meta-data supplied with the invocation. A further example illustrating a more detailed description of the discovery component and its cooperation with the registry component  26  and the notification and subscription component  28  is given further below. 
         [0047]    The registry component  26  provides the following basic functionality: 
         [0048]    The registry component  26  allows Independent Software Vendors  34  to deploy their templates and artifacts into the Artifact Registry Service  22 . This component  26  is responsible to store the templates, artifacts and their metadata in the Template Catalog  30  and Artifact Registry  32 . 
         [0049]    The notification and subscription component  28  implements some logic which alerts about available artifact updates which can then be provided automatically to the instantiation component  21  of the portal  10 . Alternatively or in combination, specific versions of artifacts or composite applications can be selected manually after being offered for instantiation by this component  28 . 
         [0050]    With further reference to  FIG. 2B  the template is enhanced by a meta data collection  48  to contain meta-data about components instead of directly listing the components that shall be used. 
         [0051]    When a template is instantiated, the lookup component  42  interprets the component description and searches for suitable components in the local list  27  of components and by using the discovery component  24 . 
         [0052]    The independent software vendor  34  is assumed now to upload, store and register the templates and artefacts he is offering for purchase and use by others. The storage location in this example is the template catalogue  30  and the artefact registry  32 , see  FIG. 2A . 
         [0053]    With further reference to  FIGS. 3A ,  3 B, and  4 A,  4 B, as well as  FIG. 5A ,  5 B some control flow diagrams (A) and interaction charts (B) are discussed which illustrate important steps of the inventional method. 
         [0054]    With reference to  FIGS. 3A and 3B , respectively, after invocation  310 , in a step  320  the discovery component  24  searches for a template via a dedicated template discovery service. This is done in order to build up a new composite application as it was mentioned further above according to the objective of the present invention. More details are given further below describing according to which preferred aspects such search step  320  is implemented. 
         [0055]    Once a template has been found by the search step  320  this template will be downloaded to the portal  10 , to the instantiation component  21  thereof, in a step  330 . Of course, more than only one template can be downloaded in particular in a situation in which several templates are stored in the template catalogue  30  which fulfill basically the same technical functionality. It should be mentioned that preferably also further business meta information such as apprise to use such template may be recorded at the template catalogue. Of course, this additional information will be also downloaded to the instantiation component  21 . 
         [0056]    At the portal site, the instantiation component first stores the downloaded templates in a local template registry, as it is known from the template catalogue  20  in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0057]    With further reference to  FIGS. 4A and 4B  the instantiation of a template and the query of artifacts are described in more detail: 
         [0058]    In a first step  410  one of the templates which were downloaded in step  330  or which have been stored in the local template registry  340  is selected for instantiation. 
         [0059]    In order to make a good selection, a plurality of criteria may be set up and offered to be controlled by an administration user or by a business user which may use a man machine interface which is smart enough to hide technical details and to stress business details which may be understood by such business user the composite application is deemed to cover. Examples for criteria are the following: Scope of functionality, price, quality of service, availability of service, etc. 
         [0060]    In a further step  420  the artifact registry  32  is queried by the instantiation component  21  by using meta data from the selected template. The meta-data includes version compatibility and dependency information to determine a matching set of compatible artifacts. Examples for such meta data are given and described in  FIG. 8  later below. An example is: 
         [0000]    /mail/protocolls[protocoll=POP3]/mail/protocolls[protocoll=IMAP] 
         [0061]    By that a mail component which is POP3 compliant, or IMAP compliant, respectively, is searchable. 
         [0062]    The result of step  420  is a set of artifacts which all fulfill more or less well the requirement of the query. The skilled reader will understand that the evaluation of the query result is implemented in an application-driven way in order to give more or less freedom to tailor the composite application according to any specific business requirements. 
         [0063]    Then, in a further step  430  the one or more missing artifacts are downloaded to the instantiation component  21  of the portal  10 . There, they are preferably stored locally in the local component registry  18 , or, alternatively, in a separate registry, step  440 . 
         [0064]    Then, all components required to build up a new composite application should be available local at the portal  10  and ready to be accessed by the instantiation component  21 . According to the present invention the composite application is now automatically deployed from the selected components. Similar to the selection of templates also the selection of artifacts may be performed preferably according to any given ranking criteria which are predetermined in any way and adjusted to a respective individual composite application. Similar criteria as mentioned above can be taken also here. So, in the end a new composite application has been generated and can be instantiated by the instantiation component  21 . So, this new composite application may be used for the real business of a respective enterprise. 
         [0065]    In the course of time, however some of the components or templates which are used for one or more composite applications are no more up-to-date because there may be a newer version of such component or artifact offered by its producer. 
         [0066]    According to a further preferred feature of the present invention which may be used to enrich the inventional method such update components may be either automatically incorporated into an existing composite application or may at least the automatically offered for manual inclusion into such composite application. In the letter case a business user or a business user accompanied by a programmer may decide on this. 
         [0067]      FIGS. 5A and 5B  show the basic control flow of such update: 
         [0068]    In a first step  510  the independent software vendor  34  updates any given predetermined component which is assumed now to be in use in a certain composite application. Thus, such updated component is send to the artifact registry service  22  and will be stored in the artifact registry  32 . Here, a trigger is fired in order to invoke the notification component  28 . The notification component  28  identifies the artifact, new version number, and optionally a catalogue of new functions which the new update artifact offers to the business user. The notification component  28  further stores in a dedicated mapping list an association between each artifact, its version number and each composite application which makes use of such artifact. In order to do that, preferably a database is used which stores respective IDs for the composite application and a respective artifact. In this database also a subscription tag is stored which is checked in order to be sure to be obliged or not to notify the composite application about the newly updated artifact. Here, it can be assumed that if the subscription tag is set, then such obligation exists and a respective notification will be send from component  28  to the instantiation component  21  of portal  10 . In this notification method the necessary IDs are used by the notification method. 
         [0069]    Then, in a step  530  a business user or a portal administration user can decide whether or not to adopt the new artifact. In case they do adopt the new one, the new version of the artifact is downloaded, step  540 , from the artifact registry  32  to the instantiation component  21  and will be stored in the artifact registry  18 . 
         [0070]      FIGS. 6A and 6B  illustrate the control flow of the most important steps of a preferred embodiment of the inventional method, when automatically creating an instance of a composite application using artefacts discovered and stored locally according to  FIG. 4 . 
         [0071]    In a first step  610  a certain template denoted as template X is instantiated according to prior art, in a sequence of steps  620  to  670 . 
         [0072]    In a first step of the instantiation the lookup component  42  is invoked from the template. Then, in a step  620  the different components which are comprised of the template X are identified. A sample component may for example be the IBM portal WIKI BLOG component version 1.0. Next, in a further step  630  all identified components are looked up in the local list  27  of components. This is done according to prior art. Then, every component identified in the template which is decided in a decision  640  not being stored in the local component list  27  is looked up in a step  650  in the remote list  60  of components. Further, the binary code for each required component is requested and received from this remote list of components and is deployed locally in a step  660 . 
         [0073]    Thereafter all components required from template X are available for the instantiation component  21 . 
         [0074]    Thus, in a further step  670  an instance of the composite application is created based on the results and data obtained by the preceding steps. Then, the created instance is registered in the context of the portal, i.e. in appropriate context storage. In particular, the number of created instances, their initialization values and other information are registered. 
         [0075]    A skilled reader will appreciate that all steps  610  to  670  can be performed fully automatically without human intervention. This is a significant advantage over prior art. 
         [0076]      FIGS. 7   a  and  7   b  illustrate a further modification of the before described method. The basic procedure is the same as described before with reference to  FIGS. 6   a  and  6   b.    
         [0077]    However, in a step  720  the meta-data stored in the template X are identified and are abstracted according to a predetermined taxonomy. So, in step  720  a component is analyzed to be required which provides a certain functionality, instead of an exact specification of the component as it was described with reference to  FIGS. 6   a  and  6   b . So in this further modification any component which provides BLOG functionality is accepted. 
         [0078]    As a result of more search hits the look-up component looks up all components that have a pre-specified functionality and preferably performs a selection in order to obtain one or more special components which fit best the functionality requirement from step  720 . It should be remarked that in this context prior art methods to instantiate a composite application fail if the component specified in step  620  does not exist in the local component storage. Here, in contrast, according to this special embodiment the choice of components is significantly enlarged and the components can be selected according to their scope of functionality instead to be constrained to satisfy the request with the exact component specified by name and version number, possibly vendor name, etc. 
         [0079]    The rest of the creation procedure is the same as described before with reference to  FIG. 6 . 
         [0080]    With further reference now to  FIG. 8  further details are given telling a skilled reader how to manage the selection of artifacts and templates. This includes how to perform a parsing of the data source for a predetermined searched component according to a predetermined functionality specification. 
         [0081]    The input and output parameters of components are described preferably via portal property broker WSDL fragments. This is done according to prior art, see for example: 
         [0000]    http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/wpdoc/v6r0/indexjsp 
       b) the Web Service Definition Language (WSDL) at www.W3C 
       [0082]    see http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl. 
         [0083]    The properties of the components are defined via domain specific XML fragments. A domain may be defined via the XML namespace. The properties depend on a respective domain, see the samples given in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . 
         [0084]    According to  FIG. 8  a mail component having the business functionality of standard business mail uses a http server, is compliant to protocols SMTP and POP3, and offers LDAP functions. 
         [0085]    Further, a calendar component uses a http server, uses a protocol “iCal” and has also LDAP functionality. 
         [0086]    Further, a document library component uses again a http server, stores a minimum document size of 10 (arbitrarily defined units), and a maximum capacity of 100 units, and uses a folder structure of the depth of at least 100. 
         [0087]    With respect to identification of appropriate component functionality, preferably Xpath queries are used to lookup components with the required meta-data. The query service called by the portal can be implemented as a Web service or a REST service, see 
         [0000]    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REST 
         [0088]    Examples for queries for above referred sample components are given as follows: 
         [0000]    For a mail component:
 
/mail/protocolls[protocoll=POP3]/mail/protocolls[protocoll=IMAP]
 
For a document library component:
 
/doclib/size[min&gt; 20 ]
 
         [0089]    Of course, different syntax can be used as long as a different syntax is pre-defined by a respective standard. 
         [0090]    The invention can take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment containing both hardware and software elements. In a preferred embodiment, the invention is implemented in software, which includes but is not limited to firmware, resident software, microcode, etc. 
         [0091]    Furthermore, the invention can take the form of a computer program product accessible from a computer-usable or computer-readable medium providing program code for use by or in connection with a computer or any instruction execution system. For the purposes of this description, a computer-usable or computer readable medium can be any apparatus that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. 
         [0092]    The medium can be an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or a propagation medium. Examples of a computer-readable medium include a semiconductor or solid state memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk and an optical disk. Current examples of optical disks include compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), compact disk-read/write (CD-R/W) and DVD. 
         [0093]    A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing program code will include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectly to memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can include local memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at least some program code in order to reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storage during execution. 
         [0094]    Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards, displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system either directly or through intervening I/O controllers. 
         [0095]    Network adapters may also be coupled to the system to enable the data processing system to become coupled to other data processing systems or remote printers or storage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modem and Ethernet cards are just a few of the currently available types of network adapters. 
         [0096]    The circuit as described above is part of the design for an integrated circuit chip. The chip design is created in a graphical computer programming language, and stored in a computer storage medium (such as a disk, tape, physical hard drive, or virtual hard drive such as in a storage access network). If the designer does not fabricate chips or the photolithographic masks used to fabricate chips, the designer transmits the resulting design by physical means (e.g., by providing a copy of the storage medium storing the design) or electronically (e.g., through the Internet) to such entities, directly or indirectly. The stored design is then converted into the appropriate format (e.g., GDSII) for the fabrication of photolithographic masks, which typically include multiple copies of the chip design in question that are to be formed on a wafer. The photolithographic masks are utilized to define areas of the wafer (and/or the layers thereon) to be etched or otherwise processed.