Abstract:
A method for controlling, during temporary stoppage, a four-stroke combustion engine including a block delimiting cylinders which define combustion chambers equipped with pistons into which opens an intake pipe and an exhaust pipe, both provided with valves that can move between open and closed positions. The method involves detecting conditions of a temporary stoppage of the engine and commanding the exhaust valves to be kept in the closed position once the engine has gone through an intake phase during the last engine cycle prior to the stoppage.

Description:
The present invention concerns a method for controlling an internal combustion engine during a temporary stoppage and the corresponding device. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    An automobile vehicle four-stroke internal combustion engine generally includes a block delimiting cylinders defining combustion chambers in each of which is mounted a piston connected to a crankshaft connected via the gearbox to wheels of the automobile vehicle to drive them in rotation. Into each combustion chamber open an intake pipe and an exhaust pipe provided with valves mobile between open and closed positions. The valves are moved between their two positions by camshafts driven by the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine also includes a device for feeding the combustion chambers with fuel and an engine control unit connected to the fuel supply device and to the ignition circuit in the case of a controlled ignition engine. Electrical power used on board the vehicle is supplied by an alternator driven by the internal combustion engine and connected to the battery of the vehicle to charge it. The engine is started by a starter motor that is connected to the battery and which has an output gear meshing with a toothed ring fastened to the crankshaft. 
         [0002]    It is also known to use a combined alternator/starter motor that provides the alternator and starter motor functions alternately. 
         [0003]    The alternator/starter motor when operated as a starter motor provides for fast starting of the engine. When the engine equips an automobile vehicle, it is then possible to envisage stopping the engine temporarily each time that the vehicle is stationary (for example in a traffic jam or at a red light) and to start the engine as soon as the driver indicates their intention to move forward, for example by selecting a gear. When the internal combustion engine is stopped, the actuator immobilizes the valves as quickly as possible in order to reduce the noise associated with movement of the valves, which noise could prove a nuisance when the engine is stopped, at which time the general noise level is relatively low. 
         [0004]    However, frequent starting of the engine causes battery charging problems and therefore problems with the rating of the battery. 
       OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    An object of the invention is to provide a method and a device that facilitate starting the engine. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    To this end, the invention provides a method for controlling, during a temporary stoppage, a four-stroke internal combustion engine including a block delimiting cylinders which define combustion chambers which are equipped with pistons and into which there open an intake pipe and an exhaust pipe both provided with valves that can move between open positions and closed positions, the method including steps of detecting the conditions of a temporary stoppage of the engine and of commanding that the intake valves be kept in the closed position once the engine has gone through an intake stroke during the last engine cycle prior to the temporary stoppage. 
         [0007]    Thus the cylinder on the admission stroke remains filled until restarting so that the starting torque is applied on the first crankshaft half-turn. The exhaust valves are preferably also held closed during the last cycle of the engine prior to the temporary stoppage. 
         [0008]    Thus, during a temporary stoppage, the cylinder that would normally be empty at the end of the exhaust stroke is filled with compressed gas so that on starting the engine it has the benefit of an additional torque resulting from the expansion of this gas. 
         [0009]    According to one advantageous aspect of the invention, in relation to an engine employing direct injection of fuel, the method includes the step of stopping injection during an intake stroke preceding the holding of the exhaust valves in the closed position. This prevents discharging unburned fuel into the atmosphere on starting the engine. 
         [0010]    Another aspect of the invention concerns a device for controlling a four-stroke internal combustion engine including a block delimiting cylinders which define combustion chambers which are equipped with pistons and into which there open an intake pipe and an exhaust pipe both provided with valves that can move between open positions and closed positions, the internal combustion engine also including a device for supplying the combustion chambers with fuel and at least one electromagnetic valve actuator, wherein a control unit is configured to detect the conditions of a temporary stoppage of the engine and to command holding of the intake valves and the exhaust valves in the closed position after passing through an intake stroke during a last cycle of the engine prior to the stoppage. 
         [0011]    In one particular embodiment, the fuel supply device includes an injector for each combustion chamber and the control unit is adapted to stop the engine temporarily by commanding stopping of the injector and immobilization of the valve controlled by the actuator in successive combustion chambers. 
         [0012]    Holding the valves in the closed position establishes counter-pressures in the combustion chambers that oppose movement of the pistons and therefore speeds up stopping the engine. Furthermore, immobilizing the intake valve in the closed position at the end of an intake stroke retains cool gases in the cylinders, which facilitates starting the engine. 
         [0013]    Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the following description of one particular nonlimiting embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0014]    Reference will be made to the appended drawings, in which: 
           [0015]      FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic perspective view of an internal combustion engine incorporating a control device of the invention, 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  is a partial diagrammatic view of the engine in cross section, and 
           [0017]      FIG. 3  is a diagram showing the operating cycles of the engine as a function of time. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0018]    Referring to the figures, the internal combustion engine includes a block  10  delimiting four in-line cylinders  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 . The cylinders  1  and  4  are on respective opposite sides of the cylinders  2  and  3 . Each cylinder  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4  defines a chamber  5  closed at one end by a cylinder head  6  and at the other end by a piston  7  sliding inside the cylinder  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4  between two extreme positions (top dead center and bottom dead center) and connected by a connecting rod  8  to a crankshaft  9  pivotally mounted in the block  10 . 
         [0019]    An intake pipe  11  and an exhaust pipe  12  that are formed in the cylinder head  6  open into each combustion chamber  5 . The intake pipe  11  and the exhaust pipe  12  are respectively equipped with an intake valve  13  and an exhaust valve  14  moved between open and closed positions by respective electromagnetic actuators  15 ,  16 . 
         [0020]    A spark plug  17  is mounted on the cylinder head  6  and extends into the combustion chamber  5 . The spark plug  17  is connected to an ignition circuit known in itself and not shown here. 
         [0021]    An injector  18  of a fuel supply device is also mounted on the cylinder head  6 . 
         [0022]    The engine further includes a combined alternator/starter motor  19  connected in a manner that is known in itself to the crankshaft  9  by a belt  20 . The alternator/starter motor  19  is a device, known in itself, connected to the battery and adapted to function either as an electric motor or as an alternator. When it functions as an electric motor, the alternator/starter motor  19  is supplied with power by the battery and applies an additional torque to the crankshaft  9  to drive rotation of the crankshaft  9 . Thus the alternator/starter motor  19  is used to start the internal combustion engine. When it functions as an alternator, the alternator/starter motor  19  is driven by the crankshaft  9  to charge the battery. 
         [0023]    The engine further includes an engine control unit (ECU) that is part of a device for controlling the operation of the engine also including the alternator/starter motor  19  and the electromagnetic actuators  15 ,  16 . This control unit  21  is connected in particular to the injectors  18 , the electromagnetic actuators  15 ,  16 , the ignition circuit and the alternator/starter motor  19  and controls them. The control unit  21 , known in itself, includes, for example, a microprocessor  22  associated with a memory  23  containing programs executed by the microprocessor  22 . Here the control unit  21  is also adapted to stop the internal combustion engine when the automobile vehicle equipped with the engine is stationary and to start the engine as soon as the driver selects a gear (in the case of a manual gearbox) or depresses the accelerator pedal (in the case of an automatic gearbox). 
         [0024]    The device for controlling the operation of the engine preferably includes additional power supply means, such as capacitors, connected to the alternator/starter motor  19  and the actuators  15 ,  16  to supply them with power, for example as a function of their power requirement. The supply of power is controlled by the control unit  21 , for example. 
         [0025]    In a manner that is known in itself, the operating cycle of each of the cylinders is a four-stroke cycle including an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion (power) stroke and an exhaust stroke. Each stroke represents one quarter of an operating cycle, i.e. one half-turn of the crankshaft. 
         [0026]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , the strokes of each cylinder are denoted INT for intake, COM for compression, PWR for expansion (power) and EXH for exhaust and represent one half-turn of the crankshaft. “IGN” indicates ignition and “INJ” injection of fuel. As is known in itself, the pistons are at the top dead center (“TDC”) position at the end of the compression and exhaust strokes and at the bottom dead center position at the end of the intake and power strokes. As is also known in itself, the cylinders  1 ,  3 ,  4 ,  2  perform the same strokes with an offset of one quarter of the operating cycle. 
         [0027]    In the normal operating mode (period P 1  in  FIG. 3 ), for each cylinder  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 :
       the intake valve  13  is commanded to open during the intake stroke of the operating cycle of the cylinder,   the exhaust valve  14  is commanded to open during the exhaust stroke of the operating cycle of the cylinder,   the spark plug  17  is commanded to generate a spark at the end of the compression stroke,   the injector  18  is commanded to inject fuel during the intake stroke.       
 
         [0032]    If the driver slows the vehicle until it stops without switching off the ignition, the control unit  21  commands temporary stoppage of the internal combustion engine. 
         [0033]    The internal combustion engine is stopped (period P 2 ) by deactivating injection into each cylinder  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4  so that the intake stroke is effected without introducing fuel into the combustion chamber  5 : the control unit  21  commands the actuator  15  to open the intake valve  13  long enough to introduce air and then closes it. The air is then trapped in the combustion chamber  5 , the exhaust valve  14  being held closed. The order of deactivating injection is as follows: cylinder  1 , cylinder  3 , cylinder  4 , cylinder  2 . For the purposes of this explanation, here the motor stops once the cylinder  2  has been deactivated, although it is likely that establishing the counter-pressures would stop the engine before this. 
         [0034]    When the driver selects a gear to move forward, the control unit  21  commands the alternator/starter motor to drive rotation of the crankshaft  9  and the control unit  21  commands injection into the cylinder on the intake stroke and starts the normal cycle for the other cylinders to start the engine. 
         [0035]    In the case of an engine in which the mixing of air and fuel is effected upstream of the intake valve, the engine is stopped by deactivating the ignition circuit. The mixture in the cylinder in the intake stroke is then directly ready for use on restarting. 
         [0036]    Another possible mode of operation of the internal combustion engine of the invention is described next. 
         [0037]    If the engine is subject to a constant load (i.e. if the speed of the internal combustion engine is constant and the crankshaft  9  is turning at a nominal speed), the control unit  21  commands deactivation of one or two of the cylinders  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4 . Deactivating one or two of the cylinders  1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4  produces an imbalance of the crankshaft  9  that is reflected in a succession of acceleration or deceleration of the crankshaft  9 . A detector  24  mounted on the block  10  to detect the instantaneous speed of the crankshaft  9  and connected to the control unit  21  transmits to the control unit  21  a signal representative of the instantaneous speed of the crankshaft  9 . The control unit  21  then commands the alternator/starter motor  19 :
       to take more torque from the crankshaft  9  when the crankshaft  9  is accelerating, to bring the crankshaft  9  to its nominal speed,   to take less torque from the crankshaft  9  or to supply it with additional torque when the crankshaft  9  is decelerating, to bring the crankshaft  9  to its nominal speed.       
 
         [0040]    Here the torque to be taken and the additional torque to be supplied are determined by the control unit  21  as a function of the difference between the instantaneous speed of the output shaft  9  and its nominal rotation speed for the speed of the engine. 
         [0041]    The alternator/starter motor  19  therefore compensates the imbalance of the crankshaft  9  produced by deactivating one or more cylinders. 
         [0042]    Here the memory  23  further contains control laws for the alternator/starter motor  19  as a function of the cylinder(s) deactivated. It is possible to control the alternator/starter motor  19  either as a function of the speed detected by the detector  24  or as a function of one of the control laws stored in the memory  23 . It is also possible to combine these two control modes to optimize compensation of the imbalance. 
         [0043]    The invention is not limited to the embodiment described, of course, and can be modified without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. 
         [0044]    In particular, the invention is applicable to any type of engine and for example to an engine that does not use controlled ignition, such as a diesel engine, a direct injection engine or an indirect injection engine. The number of cylinders can be other than four. 
         [0045]    The valves can be immobilized during the temporary stoppage in the open position or in an intermediate position, solving the problem of noise although not establishing counter-pressures to speed up stopping the engine. 
         [0046]    Although the invention has been described in relation to an engine in which all of the valves can be controlled individually by an electromagnetic actuator, the invention applies equally to an engine equipped with an actuator enabling only partial deactivation.