Abstract:
A framework for centrally controlling a plurality of building automation systems. The architecture and method automates a plurality of existing and new building automation systems comprising access control, HVAC, fire safety etc. in such a way that the plurality of building automation systems can be monitored and controlled from a central dashboard. The central dashboard effectively monitors, takes right decisions and remotely controls the buildings across the globe from a centralized location.

Description:
[0001]    This application claims the benefit of Indian Patent Application Filing No. 1187/CHE/2011, filed Apr. 7, 2011, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
       TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to field of building automation. In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure relates to a framework for centrally controlling a plurality of building automation systems. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Presently, all huge buildings are installed with a building automation system which provides monitoring and control of the mechanical equipment as well as electrical components installed in the building. Such building automation system collects data, performs alarm analysis, schedules equipment operations and provides interfacing to other services such as ventilation, electrical, plumbing and other miscellaneous alarm monitoring. 
         [0004]    In a conventional automated building, there will be automation for HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), security, electrical and fire fighting systems etc. Presently, these building automation systems are disparate systems which imply that HVAC, security, electrical and fire fighting systems are stand alone systems. These stand alone systems do not communicate with each other. Hence, there is no way of aggregating the data from different data sources of each of these systems. This makes the user of these systems to refer to data of different building automation subsystems manually and then take decision regarding management of the building. This might take long time to monitor and analyze the data and hence the decision may not be happening at real time. Further, the conventional systems use proprietary protocols and legacy technologies such as OPC, BACNet, Lon Works, MODBUS to communicate data from devices to Control layer and then to Supervision layer. With these legacy technologies, building interoperable, scalable solutions was not possible due to the lack of automation standard based on web services standard. 
         [0005]    In the conventional systems, one building automation system in a building is not integrated with other building automation systems within the same building and across multiple buildings which are geographically distant. Hence, the conventional system has not been integrated to monitor and control all utilities available in a plurality of buildings from a central location. Therefore, there exists a need to develop an architecture and a method for centrally monitoring and controlling plurality of building automation systems. 
       SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0006]    In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to an architecture for centrally controlling a plurality of building automation systems. The architecture comprises a data access layer which extracts data from plurality of building automation systems. Upon extraction, the data access layer determines priority of the data. In case the priority is below a predetermined priority level, the data is stored in a standard format in a database. The architecture also comprises a business layer configured to process the stored data and generate a result, based on user request. Further, a service layer of the architecture exposes the standard format data and the result in an OPC UA format. The service layer is connected to user interface layer which accesses the data and the result represented in the OPC UA format to centrally control the plurality of building automation systems. 
         [0007]    In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method for centrally controlling a plurality of building automation systems. The method comprises extracting data from the plurality of building automation systems and storing the data in a standard format in a database. Subsequently, the method determines priority of the data and upon determination of the priority below a predetermined priority level, storing the data in a standard format in a database. In addition, the method involves processing the stored data and generating a result based on user request. Further, the standard format data and the result are represented in an OPC UA format. Finally, the data and the result represented in the OPC UA format are accessed to centrally control the plurality of building automation systems. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]    The features of the present disclosure are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The disclosure itself, together with further features and attended advantages, will become apparent from consideration of the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. One or more embodiments of the present disclosure are now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanied drawings wherein like reference numerals represent like elements and in which: 
           [0009]      FIG. 1  illustrates a system for centrally controlling a plurality of building automation systems in accordance with the present disclosure. 
           [0010]      FIG. 2  illustrates an architecture for centrally controlling a plurality of building automation systems in accordance with the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
       [0011]    The figures depict embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures and methods illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0012]    The foregoing has broadly outlined the features and technical advantages of the present disclosure in order that the detailed description of the disclosure that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the disclosure. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth in the appended claims. The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the disclosure, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that each of the figures is provided for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the present disclosure. 
         [0013]    The present disclosure relates to field of building automation. In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure relates to a framework for centrally controlling a plurality of building automation systems. 
         [0014]    Accordingly, the present disclosure relates to an architecture for centrally controlling a plurality of building automation systems, the architecture comprises a data access layer for extracting data from the plurality of building automation systems; determining priority of the data; upon determination of the priority below a predetermined priority level, storing the data in a standard format in a database; a business layer for processing the stored data and generating a result based on an user request; a service layer for representing the standard format data and the result in an OPC UA format; and an user interface layer in connection with the service layer to access the data and the result represented in the OPC UA format to centrally control the plurality of building automation systems. 
         [0015]    In one embodiment of the present disclosure, upon determination of the data above the predetermined priority level, the data access layer transfers the data to the service layer without storing the data in the database; the service layer represents the data in the OPC UA format; and the user interface layer accesses the data represented in OPC UA format to centrally control the plurality of building automation systems. 
         [0016]    In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the data access layer provides for accessing the standard format data from the database. 
         [0017]    In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the data extracted from the plurality of building automation systems are in different formats. 
         [0018]    In still another embodiment of the present disclosure, the business layer comprises an access control unit configured to authenticate the user access to the database. 
         [0019]    In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the result generated by the business layer comprises at least one of a report and a performance value of the plurality of building automation systems. 
         [0020]    In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the service layer comprises a System Application and Products (SAP) connector to connect the building automation system with an enterprise solution. 
         [0021]    In still another embodiment of the present disclosure, the user interface layer is configured to display at least one of the report generated using the data stored in the database; an alarm signal; the performance value; energy consumed by the plurality of buildings; and video recording of the plurality of buildings. 
         [0022]    In one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method for centrally controlling a plurality of building automation systems, the method comprising acts of extracting data from the plurality of building automation systems and storing the data in a standard format in a database; determining priority of the priority and upon determination of the priority below a predetermined priority level, storing the data in a standard format in a database; processing the stored data and generating a result based on an user request; representing the standard format data and the result in an OPC UA format; and accessing the data and the result as represented in the OPC UA format to centrally control the plurality of building automation systems. 
         [0023]    In another embodiment of the present disclosure, upon determination of the data above the predetermined priority level, transferring the data to the service layer without storing the data in the database; representing the data in the OPC UA format; and accessing the data represented in OPC UA format to centrally control the plurality of building automation systems. 
         [0024]    In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the access to the stored data is allowed upon authentication of the user. 
         [0025]    In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the result generated comprises at least one of a report and a performance value of the plurality of building automation systems. 
         [0026]      FIG. 1  illustrates system architecture for centrally controlling a plurality of building automation systems in accordance with the present disclosure. The system architecture is divided into three levels namely control level  102 , management level  104  and service level  106 . The control level  102  comprises field devices  108  including but are not limiting to sensors, actuators etc. The sensors measure the environmental data recorded from a plurality of building automation systems. 
         [0027]    The present disclosure uses the sensors including but are not limiting to temperature sensors (for e.g. resistance temperature sensors, duct mounted sensors etc.), CO 2  sensors, occupancy sensors, relative humidity sensors, lighting control sensors (for e.g. photo sensors, ultrasonic control sensors, time based sensors), access control sensors (for e.g. fingerprint sensors, motion sensors, microwave sensors, infrared sensors etc.), metering system sensors (for e.g. water meter, electricity meter etc.), fire alarm sensors (e.g. heat sensors, smoke sensors etc.), water management sensors (for e.g. rain sensors), moisture sensors (for e.g. tensiometer, dielectric sensor etc.). 
         [0028]    The control level  102  further comprises control networks including but not limited to BACNet, LONWORKS, MODBUS etc wherein different building automation subsystems are handled by different control networks. The building automation systems include HVAC  110 , lighting control system  112 , security system  114 , fire system  116  and metering system  118  etc. The management level  104  allows integration of the plurality of building automation systems  120  to provide a uniform view to all the subsystems. The management level  104  manages functions like dashboard, historical trending, logs and reporting, and user profile and role management. The service level  106  of the system comprises of server  122  and one or more service centers  124 . The service level provides plurality of building automation systems to be connected with the one or more service centers for providing remote monitoring, alarm and fault detection of the building automation systems. 
         [0029]      FIG. 2  illustrates architecture for centrally controlling a plurality of building automation systems in accordance with the present disclosure. The architecture of present disclosure is connected to a plurality of building automation systems (BAS) (120 1  . . .  120   n , hereinafter collectively referred to as  120 ) and a database  202  for storing the data extracted from the building automation systems  120 . 
         [0030]    In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of building automation systems  120  are integrated to provide a centralized monitoring for cost-efficient and eco-friendly green buildings across multiple locations. The following BAS can be incorporated into the architecture of the present disclosure. 
         [0031]    HVAC system  110  monitors and controls different heating, ventilation and air condition systems in a building. Lighting control system  112  analyzes the use of lighting in the building which in turn is used for energy management. Metering system  118  is used to monitor the carbon footprint, emissions, water usage, and electricity usage to generate regular consumption reports. Security system  114  prevents the exchange of confidential information to unauthorized persons, networking sites and common forums. The security system  114  further prevents accessing entertainment and malicious sites. Intruder alarm system detects presence of any authorized person in an area and gives a warning to control room. Fire alarm system  116  is used to detect fire and send signal to trigger the alarm. Further, the fire alarm system  116  send a notification to the authorized personnel for taking appropriate action. 
         [0032]    In addition to the above-mentioned BAS, the present invention can integrate the following automation systems into the present system. Access control system restricts entry of unauthorized persons into the building. Further, the access control system does not allow people to enter the building by carrying a data transfer device. Energy management system aims to reduce the carbon footprint of the business and lower Information Technology (IT) costs through efficient uses of power. Video surveillance system triggers digital video recording (DVR) for increased security. The surveillance system uses video cameras to transmit a signal on one or more monitors present at a specific place Attendance management system is used to monitor the attendance and access time of each individual. Transport management system manages transport vehicles including cabs, buses etc. Water management system monitors and manages water usage in a building. Waste management system detects addition of hazardous components to sewage and reports the detection for taking necessary action. Public addressing system informs people in the building about any emergency situations like fire alarm, intruder alarm, bomb threat etc. Power management system manages the usage of power in a building. Personal safety system helps in contacting emergency personnel in case of medical emergency. 
         [0033]    The architecture comprises of layers namely data access layer  204 , business layer  206 , service layer  208  and user interface  210 . The data access layer  204  is connected to the database  202  and BAS  120 . The data access layer  204  comprises of one or more services including but not limited to SQL server integration services (SSIS)  212 , SQL server analysis services (SSAS)  214  and SQL server reporting services (SSRS)  216 . SSIS  212  extracts data of the plurality of building automation systems  120  from the database  202 . The priority of the extracted data is determined by the data access layer. In case the determined priority is below a predetermined priority level, the data access layer  204  stores the data in an industry format in the database  202 . The data access layers then transfers the data from the database to other layers as required. To the contrary, if the determined priority is above a predetermined priority level, the data access layer transfers the data to the service layer  208  without storing the data in the database. This feature helps in real time reporting of certain important events to the user. SSAS  214  supports online analytical processing of the stored data and data mining functionality. SSRS  216  supports a variety of server based report generation and this service can be administered via a web interface. 
         [0034]    The data access layer  204  further comprises of a data access unit  218  that extracts the standard format data handled by different networks such as OPC, LONWORKS and MODBUS etc. from the different subsystems of the building and provides the data from the database to user interface layer  210 . The data access layer  204  also comprises an entity framework  220  which maps the data between the data stored in the database and data needed by the other layers of the architecture. Above the data access layer  204 , the business layer  206  is placed which processes the stored data and generates a result, based on user request. The business layer  206  comprises of an access control unit  222 , a report generation unit  224 , and a key performance indicator (KPI) unit  226 . The access control unit  222  checks the privileges assigned for users in the user interface layer  210  accessing the system and allows accessing of data based on the privileges. The report generation unit  224  receives inputs from the user interface layer  210 , i.e., the parameters required to generate the report. Upon receiving the inputs, the unit  224  connects to the data access layer  204  for gathering the data values of the parameters selected by the user for report generation. Further, the report generation unit  224  uses SSRS  216  for preparing a variety of interactive and printed reports. These reports can be viewed in web pages by a report viewer web control in the user interface layer  210 , which embeds the reports in the web page itself. The KPI unit  226  calculates the performance of the indicators defined by the user by integrating any of the available calculation engines. 
         [0035]    Next to the business layer  206  is service layer  208  which represents the data and the result received from the data access layer  204  and the business layer  206  respectively in an Open Connectivity Unified Architecture (OPC UA) format  228 . The data from different building automation systems will be exposed as OPC data in the form of OPC UA standard. This enables any user with the appropriate permissions to connect to the service layer  208  and get the data and the necessary information there from. In one embodiment, the user acts as OPC UA client and the service layer  208  acts as OPC UA server. The service layer  208  is externally connected to System, Application and Products (SAP)  230  and comprises a SAP connector  232 . The SAP connector  232  enables the communication of the present framework with enterprise solutions through SAP  230 . 
         [0036]    Above the business layer  206 , user interface layer  210  is present which comprises of one or more clients. As an exemplary embodiment,  FIG. 2  illustrates only one client. However, any number of clients having appropriate permissions can be connected with the OPC UA server. Further, each of these clients should be OPC UA compatible to be able to connect with the OPC UA server. The OPC UA client comprises one or more tools to display a variety of information to the user for centrally monitoring and controlling the plurality of building automation systems. 
         [0037]    A report viewer tool  234  helps to view reports generated by the report generation unit  224  of the business layer  206 . There shall be custom reports as well as reports that are generated on request. Custom reports are generated in a time period predefined by the system and the user is intimated about the report generation through email or short messaging service (SMS). 
         [0038]    An alarms and events viewer tool  236  is used to view any alarms or events raised, with description, zone, type of the signal, priority, etc. The priority of the generated alarm is determined by the data access layer. In case the determined priority of the alarm is below a predetermined priority level, data access unit stores the alarm in a standard format in the database  202 . The data access layers then transfers the alarm information from the database to other layers, as required. To the contrary, if the determined priority of the alarm is above a predetermined priority level, the data access layer transfers the alarm information to the service layer  208  without storing the alarm information in the database. This feature helps in responding quickly to emergency situations. This tool allows the user to filter and view the alarms based on the building/zone, priority, etc. After viewing the alarms, user acknowledges or clear the alarms depending on the role of the user (For example only admin is authorized to acknowledge or clear critical alarms). In addition, this tool displays basic events like operator manual action requests generated by the system, informational messages such as a change in a set point or tuning parameter by an operator. 
         [0039]    A KPI viewer tool  238  is used to display the list of available key performance indicators for the system generated by the KPI unit  226  of the business layer  206 . In the present disclosure, few default KPIs are defined such as reduction in energy utilization, reduction in operating costs, reduction in carbon foot print etc. In addition to the default KPI&#39;s, the KPI viewer tool defines different KPI&#39;s for individual BAS system based on the requirements. The KPI viewer tool views trends for the defined KPI&#39;s and displays the target and actual values for the KPI and reports any deviation from the target value. 
         [0040]    A graphics viewer tool  240  enables the user to view the operation of the building data in a graphical format. This view consists of an architectural layout of the each zone of BAS implemented buildings. This tool allows the user to view the data from the different buildings and further allows providing the set-point as needed. 
         [0041]    A dashboard  242  displays all the necessary information for the user in a single screen so the user does not have to look for details at multiple locations. Each user is allowed to create their dashboards according to the requirements. 
         [0042]    A video viewer tool  244  enables the user to watch either the recorded feed of the surveillance system or online feed of the video. The snapshots from the recording can be copied to the clip-board and edited. 
         [0043]    User administration tool  246  enables the privileges for any user logging into or accessing the system. The privileges assigned to user varied depending on the role assigned to the user. For example, user in admin role shall have the privilege to access and modify the entire system while user in guest role shall not have the privilege to modify the system. 
         [0044]    A configuration tool  252  is used to perform one of the following functions namely, configuring one or more OPC UA clients, configuring one or more BAS, interfacing between BAS and the present system (deciding input/output data points to be exchanged), configuring different hardware&#39;s to be used for the communication of the data between BAS and the present system, configuration of the different viewers like different controllers and monitoring points of the different buildings, configuration of set-points and alarm points, and classification of data points whether it would be used in synthesis of reports or to be controlled by the BAS. 
         [0045]    In addition to these tools, the OPC UA client comprises asset manager tool  248  which enables to track the assets of the organization, along with location, quantity, condition of the assets for financial accounting, preventive maintenance and theft deterrence. The tool  248  manages all asset deployments and the specifications, monitoring, calibration, costing and tracking from a single system. 
         [0046]    An energy optimizer tool  250  provides energy consumption by the building, which helps the building management to come up with optimal solutions in conserving energy. Also, this unit  250  allows users to make changes in business logic for implementing energy saving mechanisms. Further, this tool suggests or recommends how the energy can be optimized based on the present building energy parameters. 
         [0047]    The present disclosure conserves energy and optimizes the usage of resources in a building. The present disclosure also reduces the costs involved in managing a building. The present disclosure provides a one-stop solution to check and control the usage of resources in a building. In the present disclosure, the data is represented in OPC UA format which enables cross-platform web services, and interoperability. Further, the display of operation of building data in graphical format is very user-friendly. 
         [0048]    The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and devices within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. 
         [0049]    While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.