Abstract:
Apparatus and methods provide for configuring a peripheral device in response to applying defined sets of signals to input/output terminals of the peripheral device, sensing the signals at those input/output terminals after applying the defined sets of signals, and comparing the sensed signals with the defined sets of signals.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This patent application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/292,496, filed Dec. 1, 2005, entitled “Flash Memory Card With Enhanced Operating Mode Detection and User-Friendly Interfacing System,” (allowed) which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/940,972, filed Aug. 28, 2001, entitled “Flash Memory Card With Enhanced Operating Mode Detection and User-Friendly Interfacing System,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,721,819, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/234,430, filed Jan. 20, 1999, entitled “System For Configuring a Flash Memory Card With Enhanced Operating Mode Detection and User-Friendly Interfacing System,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,385,667, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/034,173, filed Mar. 2, 1998, entitled “Improved Compact Flash Memory Card and Interface,” now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,182,162, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    This disclosure relates to the field of apparatus facilitating connectivity between a host, e.g., a computer system, and a peripheral device, e.g., a memory device. More particularly, this disclosure relates to the field of flash memory cards capable of identifying the operating mode of an interface apparatus or host computer system&#39;s peripheral port to which the flash memory cards are coupled and of automatically configuring themselves to operate in the identified operating mode. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    The continual penetration of computer systems into additional markets has been fueled by the emphasis on cost effective user-friendly adaptations for the computer system and on minimizing the amount of resources the user expends configuring the computer system rather than productively utilizing the computer system. Concomitant with the explosion in the popularity of computer systems has seen the proliferation of available externally attachable/detachable peripheral devices for use with the computer system to meet the application demands of the user. One such peripheral is the flash memory card. 
         [0004]    A flash memory card is a nonvolatile memory device with a compact housing that does not require a power source in order to retain its memory contents. A typical flash memory card stores charge on a floating gate to represent a first logic state of the binary state system, while the lack of stored charge represents a second logic state of the binary state system. Additionally, the typical flash memory card is capable of performing a write operation, a read operation, and an erase operation. 
         [0005]    Flash memory cards can provide “plug and play” capability, low power consumption, portability, and high density storage. Flash memory cards are well suited for digital applications such as digital camera storage, digital audio applications, and wherever rewritable, digital data storage in a portable housing is needed. 
         [0006]    The input/output terminal of the flash memory card is configured to observe one of the prevailing industry standards. This standard requires the input/output terminal to be a fifty pin connector. The flash memory card with its fifty pin connector is designed to fit within either a fifty pin flash socket or, with the addition of a passive adapter, a sixty-eight pin PCMCIA socket. However, most host computer systems do not have either the fifty pin flash socket or the sixty-eight pin PCMCIA socket. If a user wishes to utilize the flash memory card with the host computer system, the user must purchase an expensive PCMCIA socket to connect with the host computer system. 
         [0007]    Another deficiency in the current flash memory card market is the inability of the flash memory card to be conveniently configured for operating in the universal serial bus (USB) mode, the PCMCIA mode, the ATA IDE mode, or any other protocol for coupling peripheral devices to host computer systems and accessing the peripheral devices. There is a need for a flash memory card that automatically detects and configures itself to the operating mode being utilized by the interface apparatus or host computer system&#39;s peripheral port to which the flash memory card is coupled. 
         [0008]    Applicant previously proposed a flash memory card and interfacing system to address the current unavailability of automatically configurable flash memory cards. That flash memory card and interfacing system is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/034,173, filed Mar. 2, 1998, entitled “Improved Compact Flash Memory Card and Interface.” That application is incorporated herein by reference. 
         [0009]    Applicant&#39;s previous flash memory card and interfacing system is shown in  FIG. 1A . The interfacing system  10  includes a flash memory card interface device  100  and a flash memory card  90  with a fifty pin connector. The flash memory card interface device  100  employs the universal serial bus architecture. The flash memory card interface device  100  includes the following components: a housing  20 , a card slot  30 , a cable  40 , a cable connector  45 , and a plug  50 . For one embodiment, the cable  40  is a standard universal serial bus cable. The plug  50  is configured to easily couple with a universal serial bus port on a host computer system. 
         [0010]      FIG. 1B  illustrates a bottom cutaway view of the housing  20  in the flash memory card interface device  100 .  FIG. 1C  illustrates a perspective cutaways view of the flash memory card interface device  100 . A card receiver housing  130  is attached to the bottom plate  110 . Additionally, a plurality of contact pins  160  are coupled to the card receiver housing  130 , e.g., fifty contact pins. The card receiver housing  130  is configured to couple and hold the flash memory card  90  as the flash memory card  90  is inserted through the slot opening  30  in the housing  20  as shown in  FIG. 1A . Further, the plurality of contact pins  160  are configured to electrically couple with the corresponding pins (not shown) on the flash memory card  90 . 
         [0011]    In operation, one end of flash memory card interface device  100  is coupled to a host computer system (not shown) via the plug  50  and the other end of the flash memory card interface device  100  is coupled to the flash memory card  90  via the card receiver housing  130 , a fifty pin connection. 
         [0012]    Applicant&#39;s previous flash memory card  90  detected the operating mode of the interface device  100  to which the previous flash memory card was coupled and configured itself to the appropriate operating mode by using an internal controller and a sensing means coupled to the internal controller.  FIG. 2  illustrates a flowchart diagram which represents the procedure the internal controller of the previous flash memory card  90  could follow in detecting the operating mode of the interface device  100  to which the previous flash memory card  90  was coupled. The fundamental mechanism utilized by the internal controller for detecting the operating mode consists solely of sensing signals at the fifty pin connector of the previous flash memory card  90 . At the fifty pin connector, the internal controller does not alter or add signals, but simply senses the signals. 
         [0013]    The operating mode detection sequence begins with the previous flash memory card  90  being coupled to the flash memory card interface device  100 , which is coupled to the host computer system, then proceeding to the BLOCK  200  routine of powering up the previous flash memory card  90 . After the power up sequence in BLOCK  200 , the signal at the HOE_pin terminal of the previous flash memory card  90  is sensed in BLOCK  210 . If the signal at the HOE_pin terminal is a logic HIGH, then proceeding to BLOCK  220  the internal controller configures the previous flash memory card  90  into the PCMCIA mode. However, if the signal at the HOE_pin terminal is logic LOW, then proceeding to BLOCK  230  the signal at the HOSTRESET_pin terminal is sensed. If the signal at the HOSTRESET_pin terminal is logic LOW, then the operating mode detection sequence returns to BLOCK  230  and senses the signal at the HOSTRESET_pin terminal again. If the signal at the HOSTRESET_pin terminal remains logic LOW, then the operating mode detection sequence continues to loop back to BLOCK  230  until the HOSTRESET_pin terminal switches to logic HIGH. If the signal at the HOSTRESET_pin terminal is logic HIGH, then proceeding to BLOCK  240  the signals at pin terminals IOW_, IOR_, HCE 1 .sub.-, and HCE 2 _ are sensed. If all of these signals are logic LOW, then proceeding to BLOCK  250  the internal controller configures the previous flash memory card  90  into the universal serial bus mode. If any of these signals are logic HIGH, then proceeding to BLOCK  260  the internal controller configures the previous flash memory card  90  into the ATA IDE mode. 
         [0014]    Unfortunately, since the previous flash memory card  90  relies solely on sensing particular signals at particular pin terminals, the previous flash memory card  90  is limited as to the number of different operating modes it is capable of detecting. In addition, reliance on sensing a few pin terminals is susceptible to detecting an incorrect operating mode because a single missensed signal could cause the previous flash memory card  90  to be configured to the incorrect operating mode. 
         [0015]    What is needed is a flash memory card capable of detecting a large number of different operating modes. What is further needed is a flash memory card capable of accurately and automatically detecting the operating mode of the interface device or host computer system&#39;s peripheral port to which the flash memory card is coupled and of configuring itself to the detected operating mode. What is further needed is an interfacing system which simplifies both the attachment to host computer systems and configuration of flash memory cards from the end-user perspective. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0016]      FIG. 1A  illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
           [0017]      FIG. 1B  illustrates a bottom cutaway view of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
           [0018]      FIG. 1C  illustrates a perspective inside view of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  shows a flowchart diagram of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
           [0020]      FIG. 3  illustrates a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the disclosure coupled to a host computer system. 
           [0021]      FIG. 4  shows a flowchart diagram of an embodiment of the disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0022]    The present disclosure includes a flash memory card interfacing system for connecting in a selected operating mode a flash memory card to a host computer system. The flash memory card interfacing system represents a low cost user friendly adaptation for coupling and configuring flash memory cards as peripheral devices to host computer systems while simplifying the end user&#39;s involvement in this coupling and configuration process. In addition to simplifying the connection of flash memory cards to host computer systems, the flash memory card interfacing system&#39;s features include: significantly expanded operating mode detection capability within the flash memory card and marked reduction in the incorrect detection of operating modes. The flash memory card interfacing system has an interface device and a flash memory card. The flash memory card has a fifty pin connecting terminal for coupling to the computer system through the interface device. In addition, the flash memory card comprises: a flash memory module, a controller, an encoding circuitry, and a sensing circuitry. 
         [0023]    The flash memory card is functionally ready to conduct data storage operations for the host computer system within a short period of being coupled to the computer system through the interface device. Attaining this quick operational readiness is achieved by having the flash memory card execute, immediately after initial communication with the interface device, a sequential procedure for identifying the selected operating mode of the interface device. After identifying the selected operating mode, the flash memory card automatically configures itself to the selected operating mode without receiving configuration data from an external source. Interface devices employing operating modes such as the universal serial bus mode, the PCMCIA mode, and the ATA IDE mode can functionally operate with the flash memory card. In addition, interface devices utilizing other protocols for attaching and accessing peripheral devices can also functionally operate with the flash memory card without much difficulty. 
         [0024]    The expanded operating mode detection capability of the flash memory card, once coupled in a selected operating mode to the host computer system through the interface device, is accomplished by dedicating a plurality of signals originating from the host computer system to an encoding procedure formulated to identify an increased number of operating modes. By encoding the plurality of signals with a predetermined code and then sensing the applied predetermined code, the flash memory card can identify the selected operating mode by observing changes between the predetermined code applied to the plurality of signals and the code actually sensed from the plurality of signals. Since each operating mode is assigned a unique code, discrepancy between the predetermined code and the sensed code indicates the selected operating mode differs from the operating mode assigned to the predetermined code applied to the plurality of signals. The flash memory card applies a different predetermined code until the selected operating code is identified. 
         [0025]    The flash memory card interfacing system of the present disclosure simplifies from the end user&#39;s perspective the process of coupling and configuring in a selected operating mode a flash memory card to a host computer system as a peripheral device. This process of coupling and configuring the flash memory card is reduced to steps easily understandable to both the novice end user and the technically proficient end user. Initially, a first end of an interface device is coupled to the host computer system, while the flash memory card is coupled to a second end of the interface device. The flash memory card is then powered by the host computer system or a different power source. Finally, the flash memory card automatically detects the selected operating mode of the interface device and configures itself to function in the selected operating mode. The identification of the selected operating mode involves sequentially processing signals originating from the host computer system until the selected operating mode is identified. From the end user&#39;s perspective, the configuration of the flash memory card proceeds without the end user sending configuration instructions to the flash memory card or manipulating computer hardware settings. 
         [0026]    A schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the disclosure coupled to a host computer system is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . This flash memory card interfacing system  300  includes an interface device  310  and a flash memory card  320 . 
         [0027]    For one embodiment, the interface device  310  includes a first end  314  and a second end  315 . The first end  314  is configured for coupling to the host computer system  330 . The second end  315  is configured for coupling to the flash memory card  320 . In addition, for more efficient communication between the flash memory card  320  and the host computer system  330 , the second end  315  is configured to support a fifty pin connection. The first end  314  and the second end  315  support communication in a selected operating mode which is also supported by the host computer system&#39;s peripheral port  335 . Each selected operating mode is associated with a unique protocol for coupling and accessing peripheral devices. The interface device  310  can be implemented in a variety of protocols that are known to those skilled in the art. The protocols: universal serial bus, PCMCIA, and ATA IDE, are only a few examples of the available protocols for attaching and accessing peripheral devices to the host computer system  330 . To maximize the low cost user-friendliness feature of the flash memory card interfacing system  300 , the interface device  310  of one embodiment employs the universal serial bus protocol. The universal serial bus protocol provides a fast bi-directional isochronous transfer of data between external peripheral devices and the host computer system  330  at very low cost. 
         [0028]    In practice, the interface device  310  of one embodiment couples to the host computer system  330  via the first end  314 , while the second end  315  is coupled to the flash memory card  320 . Eliminating and/or combining certain elements shown in the interface device  310  would be apparent to a person skilled in the art and would not depart from the scope of the present disclosure. 
         [0029]    The flash memory card of one embodiment includes a flash memory module  326 , a controller  327 , an encoding circuitry  328 , and a sensing circuitry  329 . The flash memory module  326  is capable of executing a write operation, a read operation, and an erase operation. The controller  327  is electrically coupled to the flash memory module  326 . In addition, the controller  327  configures the flash memory card  320  to the selected operating mode of the interface device  310 . The encoding circuitry  328  and the sensing circuitry  329  are electrically coupled to the controller  327 . Both the encoding circuitry  328  and the sensing circuitry  329  perform the task of identifying the selected operating mode of the interface device  310 . This identification circuitry can be physically formed on the flash memory card  320  or in an adapter module coupled between the flash memory card  320  and the second end  315  of the interface device  310 . 
         [0030]    The flash memory card  320  of one embodiment includes a fifty pin connector end  325  as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . The fifty pins serve as input/output and control terminals for the flash memory card  320  and carry signals. However, the extent that a pin is utilized in communicating with the host computer system  330  depends on the selected operating mode to which the flash memory card  320  is configured. For example, in the ATA IDE operating mode, the pin terminals labelled HA 0 , HA 1 , and HA 2  are actively transmitting signals from the host computer system  320 , but the pin terminals labelled HA 3 , HA 4 , HA 5 , HA 6 , HA 7 , HA 8 , HA 9 , and HA 10  are inactive. For identifying the selected operating mode, the flash memory card  320  implements a sequential procedure that utilizes the signals at inactive pins for detection of the selected operating mode. This sequential procedure allows the flash memory card  320  to accurately detect a large variety of operating modes and gives the flash memory card  320  the versatility to detect operating modes yet to be developed. 
         [0031]      FIG. 4  illustrates a flowchart diagram which represents a sample sequence of steps the controller  327  of the flash memory card  320  executes in determining the selected operating mode of the interface device  310 . The operating mode detection sequence begins with the flash memory card  320  being coupled to the interface device  310 , which is coupled to the host computer system  330 , then proceeding to the BLOCK  400  routine of powering up the flash memory card  320 . After the power up sequence in BLOCK  400 , the signal at the HOE_pin terminal of the flash memory card  320  is sensed in BLOCK  410 . The signal at the HOE_pin terminal originates from the host computer system  330 . If the signal at the HOE_pin terminal is a logic HIGH, then proceeding to BLOCK  420  the controller  327  configures the flash memory card  320  into the PCMCIA mode. However, if the signal at the HOE_pin terminal is a logic LOW, then proceeding to BLOCK  430  preencoded signals at pin terminals labelled HA 3 , HA 4 , HA 5 , HA 6 , HA 7 , HA 8 , HA 9 , and HA 10  are encoded with a predetermined code which uniquely identifies all operating mode. The preencoded signals are encoded on the flash memory card  320 . This encoding process transforms the preencoded signals into encoded signals. Continuing to BLOCK  440 , the encoded signals are sensed. If the encoded signals retain the predetermined code, proceeding to BLOCK  450  the controller  327  configures the flash memory card  320  to the operating mode corresponding to the predetermined code. However, if the encoded signals do not retain the predetermined code, then the operating mode detection sequence proceeds to BLOCK  460  where the controller  327  configures the flash memory card  320  into the ATA EDE mode. 
         [0032]    These specifically named operating modes are merely exemplary. The flash memory card  320  can be configured to automatically detect and operate in additional operating modes. 
         [0033]    To facilitate the detection of the selected operating mode, the controller  327  of one embodiment configures the flash memory card  320  into a preliminary operating mode before proceeding to the encoding sequence of BLOCK  430 . For one embodiment, the preliminary operating mode is the ATA IDE mode. Configuring the flash memory card  320  into the preliminary operating mode assists the encoding process, but does not affect the operating mode detection procedure. 
         [0034]    The predetermined code that uniquely identifies an operating mode is chosen such that to minimize the detection of an incorrect operating mode. Each predetermined code is different from every other predetermined code. The length of the predetermined code may correspond to the number of signals that are scheduled for encoding. The controller  327  of the flash memory card  320  may be programmed with the finite set of predetermined codes. Alternatively, the finite set of predetermined codes can be programmed in an adapter module coupled between the flash memory card  320  and the second end  315  of the interface device  310 . 
         [0035]    Although the example embodiment employs signals at pin terminals labelled HA 3 , HA 4 , HA 5 , JHA 6 , HA 7 , HA 8 , HA 9 , and HA 10  of the ATA IDE operating mode for encoding purposes, employing different signals at different pin terminals of a variety of other operating modes would not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, reducing or enlarging the number of signals utilized for detecting the operating mode would not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. 
         [0036]    Embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in terms of specific embodiments incorporating details to facilitate the understanding of the principles of their construction and operation. Such reference herein to specific embodiments and details thereof is not intended to limit the scope of the claims appended hereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made in the embodiments chosen for illustration, and this application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the disclosure. 
         [0037]    Specifically, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the device of the present disclosure could be implemented in several different ways and the apparatus disclosed above is only illustrative of an embodiment of the disclosure and is in no way a limitation. For instance, the flash memory card interfacing system could be implemented with a variety of peripheral devices other than the flash memory card.