Abstract:
Water electrolysis is a known process to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water. The electrolysis efficiency depends on the voltage needed to pass the desired current for desired time through the electrolysis cell to achieve the desired electro-chemical reactions. Motivation of present invention is to increase the electrical efficiency of electrolysis by reducing energy losses in the cell. This invention reduces energy losses by increasing ion density of the desired ions near to the respective reducing and oxidizing electrodes, which is accomplished in a hollow polyhedron, pyramid like, electrolysis cell by collecting ions from larger volume of the electrolyte solution with controlled electric fields, guided convection currents of the electrolyte solution with low grade thermal energy feed and steering the gathered ions close to the respective electrodes situated near to the top in the electrolysis cell.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    This invention relates to an electrolysis cell, primarily to dissociate water into its elements—hydrogen and oxygen. Water electrolysis is a known process to produce hydrogen and oxygen from water. In this process, electrical energy dissociates water into diatomic molecules of hydrogen and oxygen. Water electrolysis is one of the typical examples of the subject matter in the study of Electrochemistry. For last many decades, faradic and nonfaradic processes are being studied extensively. Process variables such as electrodes, mass transfer, electrolyte solution, electrical voltage, electrical current, various temperatures, pressures, time are studied and analysed in detail. There is sufficient scientific literature on the electrolysis process and there are many patents related to electrolysis. Water electrolysis cell (electrolytic cell) is a container in which electrical energy dissociates water. Usually walls, bottom, top lid and connected pipes of the electrolysis cell are made of the material, which is non-corrosive, non-reactive to the electrolyte and is bad conductor of electricity in the electrolysis cell, electrolyzing electrodes that would carry electrical current when voltage is applied to these electrodes are fitted maintaining suitable distance between two adjacent electrodes. The cell is filled with water so that the electrodes are always immersed in water. This water in the electrolysis cell has some chosen electrical conductivity. At a certain voltage when applied to the electrodes, electrical current begins to flow through the water in the electrolysis cell. Passage of the electrical current liberates diatomic hydrogen as gas at one of the electrodes; and at the other electrode diatomic oxygen liberates as gas. Liberated hydrogen and oxygen gases are discharged through separate pipes. Usually electrolysis cell is leak protected. 
         [0002]    Pure water is not a good conductor of electricity. At ambient conditions, a small but equal number of positive(H) ions and negative(OH) ions are always present in water due to natural dissociation of some water molecules. These ions attribute certain conductivity to water. However, natural water often contains some dissolved salts. 
         [0003]    Sometimes it may also contain some dissolved acids or bases. These salts, acids or bases give more electrical conductivity to water as some of the dissolved salt, acid or base molecules dissociate into positive and negative ions of respective salt, acid or base. Conductivity of natural water is uncertain as it depends on percentage of various salts, acids or bases dissolved in water. When certain quantity of acid (e.g. Sulfuric Acid) or base (e.g. Potassium Hydroxide) is added and dissolved into the distilled water which is free from any salt or any other acid or any other base, the solution is the aqueous solution of that acid or base. The aqueous solution has controlled electrical conductivity at ambient temperature depending on the added quantity of the acid or base. The aqueous solution is in ionic equilibrium with solute ions and water ions, H and OH, as mentioned above. Under certain conditions, including reduction and oxidation potentials of the solute, passage of electrical current through the aqueous solution liberates diatomic hydrogen and diatomic oxygen at respective reducing and oxidizing electrodes leaving solute ions behind in the aqueous solution. Water electrolysis process uses aqueous solution of an acid or a base of controlled molarity in the electrolysis cell. 
         [0004]    In principle, water could be dissociated into its constituents when the water molecules acquire necessary and sufficient energy under certain conditions. This energy could be supplied as electrical energy, light energy, ultrasonic energy, acoustical energy, thermal energy, chemical energy or some other form of energy that would dissociate the water molecule. In the electrolysis cell, electrical energy provides necessary energy to dissociate the water molecule into its constituent elements. However, the electrolysis cell has energy loss in the electrolyte solution and at the electrolyzing electrodes. These losses are not small. Thus, total energy needed for the dissociation of water in the electrolysis cell would be the theoretical dissociation energy of water and the energy losses in the electrolysis cell apart from electrical network losses that are outside the electrolysis cell. 
         [0005]    Water electrolysis process to produce hydrogen is gaining more and more importance. Oil reserves are depleting faster than the discoveries of oil reserves at economical price. With this development, which most of the people think is unlikely to change, fuel prices would begin to soar steeply soon. Hydrogen may be the likely fuel for the automobiles in very near future. Hydrogen fuel has distinct advantage that it is pollution free. Moreover, hydrogen fuel cell produces electrical energy at very high efficiency that would facilitate the use of electrical motor to power the automobiles instead of I. C. engines. Though hydrogen can be produced using natural gas methane and water chemically reacting at high temperatures, the process produces carbon monoxide as the byproduct, which is hazardous. Natural gas is again a depleting fossil fuel reserve. Further, use of natural gas as automobile fuel may be the better alternative than using it to produce hydrogen and hazardous carbon monoxide. Water electrolysis is the better process producing pure hydrogen. Water electrolysis needs low voltage high current electrical energy source. Electricity is produced mainly by burning fossil fuel—coal, oil and gas and partly with hydro-power, nuclear energy and non-conventional energy. Electrolysis hydrogen cost thus depends on the electricity tariff. Therefore, improving the electrical consumption of water electrolysis process becomes very important. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    The object of the present invention is to provide an electrolysis cell (electrolytic cell) with improved electrical energy consumption in the controlled electrolysis process producing diatomic hydrogen gas and diatomic oxygen gas by dissociating water molecules. Motivation of present invention is reducing energy losses in the cell by increasing ionic density of the desired ions near to the respective electrolyzing electrodes and consequently increasing the output of diatomic hydrogen and diatomic oxygen at the same electrolysis voltage for the same molarity aqueous solution when used in other known electrolysis cell. The present invention electrolysis cell has geometry of a hollow polyhedron with trapezoidal slanted walls like a pyramid. The ionic density near to the electrodes is increased by collecting ions from larger volume of the electrolyte solution in the hollow polyhedron by controlled electric fields inside the polyhedron and along the walls and guiding the accumulated ions close to the respective electrolyzing electrodes situated near to the top of the hollow polyhedron. Natural convection currents provided with low grade thermal energy feed to the electrolyte solution and the convection current flows largely confined with the cell geometry augments the ionic accumulation process. 
         [0007]    According to the present invention there is provided an electrolysis cell in vertical disposition, said electrolysis cell comprising a hollow polyhedron member, a bottom plate and a top cover, said hollow polyhedron member fitted said top cover to the top thereof, said hollow polyhedron member fitted said bottom plate to the bottom thereof, said hollow polyhedron member with said top cover fitted to the top thereof and said bottom plate fitted to the bottom thereof disposed hollow polyhedron, said hollow polyhedron member configured of vertical wall segments and slanted wall segments, said hollow polyhedron member provided certain ledges, said hollow polyhedron member provided certain pipes and each of these said pipes connect upper part of the said hollow polyhedron member to certain other location on the said hollow polyhedron, said top cover provided a ridge extending to some distance into the hollow of the said hollow polyhedron member, said top cover provided at least two holes and each of these said holes opening the hollow of said hollow polyhedron to outside, said hollow polyhedron member provided electrolyzing electrodes in the upper part of said hollow polyhedron member, said hollow polyhedron provided electrodes at positions other than in the upper part of said hollow polyhedron member, said hollow polyhedron provided insulated electrical conductor assemblies, each of above said electrical fixtures and fittings provided separate electrical connectivity outside said hollow polyhedron, said bottom plate provided protrusion with top cover extending into the hollow of the hollow polyhedron, said hollow polyhedron provided certain pipes with openings of each pipe opening outside the said hollow polyhedron, said hollow polyhedron provided certain pipes that open the hollow of the hollow polyhedron to the outside. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    According to the present invention there is provided an electrolysis cell in vertical disposition, said electrolysis cell comprising a hollow polyhedron member, a bottom plate and a top cover, said hollow polyhedron member fitted said top cover to the top thereof, said hollow polyhedron member fitted said bottom plate to the bottom thereof, said hollow polyhedron member with said top cover fitted to the top thereof and said bottom plate fitted to the bottom thereof disposed hollow polyhedron, said hollow polyhedron member configured of vertical wall segments and slanted wall segments, said hollow polyhedron member provided certain ledges, said hollow polyhedron member provided certain pipes and each of these said pipes connect upper part of the said hollow polyhedron member to certain other location on the said hollow polyhedron, said top cover provided a ridge extending to some distance into the hollow of the said hollow polyhedron member, said top cover provided at least two holes and each of these said holes opening the hollow of said hollow polyhedron to outside, said hollow polyhedron member provided electrolyzing electrodes in the upper part of said hollow polyhedron member, said hollow polyhedron provided electrodes at positions other than in the upper part of said hollow polyhedron member, said hollow polyhedron provided insulated electrical conductor assemblies, each of above said electrical fixtures and fittings provided separate electrical connectivity outside said hollow polyhedron, said bottom plate provided protrusion with top cover extending into the hollow of the hollow polyhedron, said hollow polyhedron provided certain pipes with openings of each pipe opening outside the said hollow polyhedron, said hollow polyhedron provided certain pipes that open the hollow of the hollow polyhedron to the outside. 
     
    
     
         [0009]    Following is the detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanied drawings  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 2 ,  FIG. 3 ,  FIG. 4  and  FIG. 5 . All components are named alpha-numerically with first (or a single) character always a numeric. It is understood that the electrolysis cell assembly is with bushings and gaskets wherever necessary and is leak-protected. 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is schematic presentation of the electrolysis cell in an almost isometric view with partial scrap views showing the hollow of the polyhedron, a protrusion, electrode on the protrusion, thermal feed pipe on the bottom plate, pipes connecting upper part of the polyhedron above the electrolyzing electrodes to certain locations below the electrolyzing electrodes, electrolyzing electrode. 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  is the schematic presentation of the plan of the electrolysis cell with some scrap views. This view relates to some of the components in  FIG. 1  and shows some of the other components that are not visible in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is the schematic presentation of the elevation with half cross section and a scrap view of the electrolysis cell. This view relates to some of the components in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 ; and shows remaining components not visible in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 . 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  depicts general scrap view with an end view of insulated electrical flat conductor assemblies  6   a ,  6   b ,  6   c ,  6   d ,  6   e , and  6   f  though each may have different configuration and shape. Each assembly comprises substrate  61 , electrical conducting foils  62  on substrate  61 , electrical connecting lead  63  to foil  62 , insulating layer  64  on substrate  61 , foils  62 , and through holes  65 . 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is the near isometric view of the electrolysis cell. This is a typical limiting extension of  FIG. 1  as explained in second embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ELECTROLYSIS CELL 
       [0015]    Referring to  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 , a vertically disposed electrolysis cell is provided comprising of hollow polyhedron member  1  provided with bottom plate  2  fitted to the bottom thereof. Hollow polyhedron member  1  is also provided with top cover  3  fitted to the top thereof. Walls  1   a ,  1   b ,  1   c , and  1   d  have configured hollow polyhedron member  1 . Wall  1   a  comprises three segments  1   a   1 ,  1   a   2 , and  1   a   3 . Wall  1   b  comprises three segments  1   b   1 ,  1   b   2 , and  1   b   3 . Wall  1   c  comprises three segments  1   c   1 ,  1   c   2 , and  1   c   3 . Wall  1   d  comprises three segments  1   d   1 ,  1   d   2 , and  1   d   3 . Wall segments  1   a   1 ,  1   b   1 ,  1   c   1 , and  1   d   1  are bigger rectangular segments of respective walls  1   a ,  1   b ,  1   c , and  1   d  configured vertically at the bottom end of the hollow polyhedron member  1 . Wall segments  1   a   2 ,  1   b   2 ,  1   c   2 , and  1   d   2  are trapezoid segments broader at the base narrowing towards upper end and are in continuation at the upper end of segments  1   a   1 ,  1   b   1 ,  1   c   1 , and  1   d   1  respectively; and each trapezoid segment is at slant to the vertical and is arranged meeting its slant edge to the slant edge of the adjacent trapezoid segment. Wall segments  1   a   3 ,  1   b   3 ,  1   c   3 , and  1   d   3  are smaller rectangular segments and are disposed vertically in continuation at the upper end of the trapezoid segments  1   a   2 ,  1   b   2 ,  1   c   2 , and  1   d   2  respectively. Hollow polyhedron member  1  has thus broader base with vertical walls near to the bottom followed by slanted trapezoidal walls followed again by smaller length vertical walls. In hollow polyhedron member  1 , at the meeting edge of one slanted trapezoid with the other adjacent slanted trapezoid an inward projecting ledge is provided. This ledge roughly bisects the angle between the two adjacent trapezoid planes. This ledge is broader at bottom end and has length less than the slant length of the trapezoids of the hollow polyhedron member  1 . Thus,  7   ab  is the projecting ledge at the slant meeting edges of trapezoids  1   a   2  and  1   b   2 .  7   bc  is the projecting ledge at the slant meeting edges of trapezoids  1   b   2  and  1   c   2 .  7   cd  is the projecting ledge at the slant meeting edges of trapezoids  1   c   2  and  1   d   2 .  1   da  is the projecting ledge at the slant meeting edges of trapezoids  1   d   2  and  1   a   2 . Top cover  3  is provided a partition wall  3   a  sticking out into the upper hollow of hollow polyhedron member  1 . Partition wall  3   a  divides some part of the upper hollow of the hollow polyhedron member  1  into two partitioned hollows. Partitioned hollows merge into one another where partition ends. Partition  3   a  extends unto vertical walls  1   a   3 , and  1   c   3  not allowing any leakage from one partitioned hollow to the other partitioned hollow. In the top cover  3 , two pipes  5   a , and  5   b  are fitted. Pipe  5   a  opens one of the above-referred partitioned hollows of hollow polyhedron member  1  to the outside. Pipe  5   b  opens the other above-referred partitioned hollow of the hollow polyhedron member  1  to the outside.  4   a  and  4   b  is the pair of oxidizing and reducing water electrolyzing electrodes that are used in water electrolysis process. Electrode  4   a  is located in one of the partitioned hollow of hollow polyhedron member  1 ; while electrode  4   b  is located in the other adjacent partitioned hollow of the hollow polyhedron member  1 . Electrodes  4   a  and  4   b  extend out from the vertical wall segment  1   c   3 .  9   a  and  9   c  are the pipes connecting the partitioned hollows of the upper parts of hollow polyhedron member  1  above the electrolyzing electrodes  4   a  and  4   b  respectively to certain location of the hollow polyhedron member parts  1  below the electrolyzing electrodes  4   a  and  4   b . Bottom plate  2  is provided with vertical walls  2   a   1 ,  2   b   1 ,  2   c   1 , and  2   d   1  configured parallel to the wall segments  1   a   1 ,  1   b   1 ,  1   c   1 , and  1   d   1  respectively of the hollow polyhedron member  1 . Vertical walls  2   a   1 ,  2   b   1 ,  2   c   1 , and  2   d   1  arranged with the protrusion-top cover  2   e  fitted on the top of these walls is the protrusion that protrudes into the hollow of the polyhedron member  1  when bottom plate  2  is fitted to the bottom of hollow polyhedron member  1 . With the bottom plate  2  fitted to the bottom of the hollow polyhedron member  1 ,  8  is the canal created with its bottom on the bottom plate  2 . Configured vertical walls  1   a   1 ,  1   b   1 ,  1   c   1 , and  1   d   1  of polyhedron member  1  and the parallel configured vertical walls  2   a   1 ,  2   b   1 ,  2   c   1  and  2   d   1  of the protrusion in the bottom plate  2  are the side walls of the canal  8 . On bottom plate  2 ,  5   e ,  5   f ,  5   g , and  5   h  are the pipes in the canal  8  opening hollow of the polyhedron member  1  to the outside.  5   c  and  5   d  is a pair of pipes on the bottom plate  2  disposed horizontally on opposite sides in the canal  8 . Pipe  5   c  has “T” joint in between its length. Pipe  5   c  has two end openings  5   c   1  and  5   c   2 ; and “T” joint middle-pipe end opening is  5   c   3 . Pipe  5   c  is disposed horizontally in the canal  8  on bottom plate  2  in between vertical walls  1   b   1  of hollow polyhedron member  1  and  2   b   1  of the protrusion in the bottom p[late  2 . Pipe  5   c  projects into the hollow of the polyhedron member  1  and its end openings  5   c   1 ,  5   c   2  and  5   c   3  extend outside the bottom plate  2 : Pipe  5   d  has “T” joint in between its length. Pipe  5   d  has two end openings  5   d   1  and  5   d   2 ; and “T” joint middle-pipe end opening is  5   d   3 . Pipe  5   d  is disposed horizontally in the canal  8  on the bottom plate  2  in between vertical walls  1   d   1  of hollow polyhedron member  1  and  2   d   1  of the protrusion in the bottom plate  2 . Pipe  5   d  projects into the hollow of the polyhedron member  1  and its end openings  5   d   1 ,  5   d   2  and  5   d   3  extend outside the bottom plate  2 . Supported on the protrusion-top cover  2   e , certain number of electrodes are fitted. These electrodes extend outside from the protrusion top-cover  2   e ,  4   c  and  4   d  are such electrodes. Referring to  FIGS. 4 ,  6   a ,  6   b ,  6   c ,  6   d ,  6   e  and  6   f  are the insulated electrical flat conductor assemblies fitted in the hollow of the polyhedron member  1 .  6   a  is located near to trapezoidal segment  1   a   2 .  6   b  is located near to trapezoidal segment  1   b   2 .  6   c  is located near to trapezoidal segment  1   c   2 .  6   d  is located near to trapezoidal segment  1   d   2 .  6   e  is located near to vertical segment  1   b   3 .  6   f  is located near to vertical wall segment  1   d   3 . Of every insulated electrical flat conductor assembly  6   a ,  6   b ,  6   c ,  6   d ,  6   e , and  6   f  insulated leads extend outside the hollow polyhedron member  1 . 
         [0016]    Pipe  5   a  and pipe  5   b  are two gas outlets in the top cover  3  of the hollow polyhedron. Pipes  5   e  and  5   g  located in the bottom plate  2  are water inlets to replenish consumed water in the electrolysis cell. Pipes  5   f  and  5   h  located in the bottom plate  2  are available to control the molarity of the aqueous solution in the electrolysis cell. Pipes  5   c  and  5   d  are thermal energy feed pipes.  5   c   3  and  5   d   3  are input ports to pipes  5   c  and  5   d  respectively. To complete the thermal path, pipe  5   c  has  5   c   1  and  5   c   2  as return ports; and pipe  5   d  has  5   d   1  and  5   d   2  as return ports. Pipes  9   a  and  9   c  are the return path for the aqueous solution above the electrodes  4   a  and  4   b . Pipes  9   a  and  9   c  have sufficient surface area to dissipate the heat. Electrolysis voltage is applied to the two electrodes  4   a  and  4   b  located in the upper hollow of the polyhedron member  1 . Controlled voltage is applied to the insulated flat conductor assemblies  6   a ,  6   b ,  6   c ,  6   d ,  6   e , and  6   f , and to other electrodes like  4   c  and  4   d  located inside the hollow polyhedron member  1 . 
         [0017]    It is understood that the electrolysis cell is provided with necessary sensors and transducers to monitor and control pH, temperature and level of the aqueous solution in the electrolysis cell. 
       First Embodiment 
       [0018]    Referring to the  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 2 ,  FIG. 3 ,  FIG. 4  and the above detailed description of the electrolysis cell, this preferred embodiment of the electrolysis cell has the hollow polyhedron member  1 , which has the trapezoidal wail segments  1   a   2 ,  1   b   2 ,  1   c   2 , and  1   d   2  and each segment is at slant to the vertical. Wall segments  1   a   2  and  1   c   2  lean towards each other. Wall segments  1   b   2  and  1   d   2  lean towards each other. All other wall segments and components are as described in the above detailed description. 
       Second Embodiment 
       [0019]    Referring to the  FIG. 5  and the above detailed description of the electrolysis cell, this preferred embodiment of the electrolysis cell has the hollow polyhedron member  1 , which has the wall segments  1   b   2  and  1   d   2  as trapezoidal wall segments and the wall segments  1   a   2  and  1   d   2  as rectangular wall segments. Wall segments  1   b   2  and  1   d   2  are parallel to each other. Wall segments  1   a   2  and  1   c   2  are at slant to the vertical and these wall segments lean towards each other. All other wall segments and components are as described in the above detailed description except the dimensional compatibility as per the geometry. 
       Functioning Description 
       [0020]    Following is the functioning of the present invention with reference to the accompanied drawings  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 2 ,  FIG. 3 , and  FIG. 4  for first embodiment:= 
         [0021]    In this electrolysis cell the ledges  7   ab ,  7   bc ,  7   cd , and  7   da  have simple yet effective function. These ledges contain the spread of the rising aqueous solution and ions under controlled conditions. 
         [0022]    Low grade thermal energy feed pipes  5   c , and  5   d  receive hot fluid at some pressure through pipes  5   c   3 , and  5   d   3  respectively. When the electrolysis cell is filled with the aqueous solution, aqueous solution around the pipes  5   c , and  5   d  absorbs some heat through the walls of the pipes  5   c , and  5   d . Return ports  5   c   1 , and  5   c   2  of pipe  5   c ; and return ports  5   d   1 , and  5   d   2  of pipe  5   d  return the cooled fluid to the heat tank for reheating. Aqueous solution heated around the pipes  5   c , and  5   d  begins to move in upward direction and the cooler aqueous solution from the side canals enters into the canal accommodating the pipes  5   c  and  5   d . Dispersion of hotter uprising fluid while rising along the surface of slanted trapezoid wall segments  1   b   2  and  1   d   2  above the thermal pipes  5   c  and  5   d  respectively is contained because of the respective ledges lab, and  7   bc  for trapezoidal segment  1   b   2 , and  7   cd , and  7   da  for trapezoidal segment  1   d   2 . Convection current is thus set in up direction along the wall  1   b   2  and  1   d   2 . The hot aqueous solution above the electrodes when enters into the pipes  9   a , and  9   c , it dissipates the heat and the cooler fluid descends into the polyhedron along Trapezoidal segments  1   a   2 , and ad 2  respectively. 
         [0023]    The electrolysis cell, which is the hollow polyhedron, is filled with the aqueous solution of an acid or base of suitable molarity. The electrolysis voltage is applied to the electrodes  4   a  and  4   b  situated in the upper part of the partitioned hollow of the polyhedron member  1 . At certain voltage, electrolysis of water starts. Hydrogen ions move towards electrode  4   a  which would be the reducing electrode and hydrogen is discharged as gas at the electrode  4   a . Liberated hydrogen is released through the pipe  5   a . Oxygen is liberated at the oxidizing electrode  4   b  in the other partitioned hollow and is discharged through the pipe  5   b . Electrical flat conductor assembly  6   a ,  6   b ,  6   c ,  6   d ,  6   e , and  6   f  are excited with pulsed voltages creating double layer capacitance conditions. Under the influence of controlled voltages more of positive ions tend to move and gather towards slant trapezoid face  1   b   2  while negative ions tend to move and gather towards opposite slant trapezoid face  1   d   2 . Controlling voltage make these ions move upwards along the trapezoid faces  1   b   2  and  1   d   2  respectively. These accumulated ions finally discharge at respective electrodes as hydrogen and oxygen gas. Accumulation of the ions from larger volume and their delivery into a smaller volume reduces the resistance of electrolysis cell and thus improves the electrical consumption of electrolysis. 
         [0024]    With excitation of electrodes assembly, of electrodes like  4   c , and  4   d , mounted inside the hollow polyhedron more of positive ions tend to move towards slant trapezoid face  1   b   2  while negative ions tend to move towards opposite slant trapezoid face  1   d   2  which enhances the effect on ion accumulation due to the energised electrical flat conductors alone. 
         [0025]    Convection current set by low grade thermal energy feed expedites and augments the increase in ionic density, which reduces the resistance further and improves the electrical consumption for electrolysis. 
         [0026]    For the second embodiment with  FIG. 5  above functioning description holds with the same component nomenclature. 
         [0027]    It is also understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims. 
       Experiments 
       [0028]    Diverse experiments were conducted to prove the principle and operation of present invention to confirm independent and joint effects of electrolysis cell geometry, convection currents with low grade thermal energy feed, confined convection currents, electrical field established with other electrodes in the electrolysis cell, application of programmed D.C. voltage and/or A.C. voltage to the insulated electrical flat conductor assemblies near to the electrolysis cell walls or inside the electrolysis cell. These experiments are merely examples, which should not unduly limit the scope of the claims herein. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize many other variations, modifications, and alternatives. An electrolysis cell is developed that has improved electrical power consumption. Water electrolysis is a typical application of the cell. 
         [0029]    It is also understood that the figures and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and scope of the appended claims. Of course, there can be other variations, modifications, and alternatives.