Abstract:
An isolated  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 having an Accession No. of DSM 21836 is provided. This novel strain has unique 16S ribosomal RNA sequenced as SEQ ID NO:1 and produces amylase, protease, cellulase and lipase, fibrinolytic enzyme to show their biodegradation capacities. Further,  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 produces the antibiotic substances, such as iturin, fengycin and surfactin, and has antimicrobial capacity for inhibiting the fungal or bacterial growth. In conclusion, the novel strain of  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 and its products can be applied in agriculture, wastewater treatment, food industry and chemical industry.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a novel strain of  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens . In particular, the present invention relates to a novel strain of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 or a mutant thereof for producing multiple enzymes, multiple antibiotic substances, and biosurfactants. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Microorganisms and products generated therefrom have widely applied in improving human lives, such as food, beverage, pharmaceuticals, chemical industries and agriculture, etc. These applications enormously decrease the production and/or treatment cost and satisfy humans&#39; demands. 
         [0003]    Some microorganisms produce enzymes to decompose macromolecules. For instance,  Yarrowia lipolytica  produces lipase applied in decreasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) level in the olive mill wastewater treatment (Lanciotti et al., 2005).  Pseudomonas aerugenosa  produces alkaline protease to hydrolyze animal fleshing, the major proteinaceous solid waste from the leather manufacturing industries (Kumar et al., 2008).  Aspergillus terreus  produces carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) to biodegrade the lignocellulosic waste (Emtiazi et al., 2001). However, these bacteria were proved that their key enzyme functions in decomposing one substrate. While treating with the more complicated components of municipal wastewater, adding various microorganisms to decompose various organic macromolecules is necessary and inevitable. The cost will be increased, the economic benefit will be decreased, and the treatment process will be more complicated. Further, these supplemented bacteria might be competed the growth and the predominance with each other. If one bacterial strain has multiple-enzyme-producing activity but only utilizes in one category, the economic value of this bacterial strain is less than that of another bacterial strain having multiple-enzyme-producing activity and utilizing in more categories. 
         [0004]    In addition to the biodegradation of organic waste, microorganisms also produce antibiotic substances to antagonize with other fungi and bacteria. Generally speaking, antibiotics are produced or extracted from fungi and are applied in the medicine and pharmacology. However, plants, fruits and animals also face the fungal or bacterial infection while maturing and living. The traditional fungicides, bactericides and chemical synthetic agents not only eliminate the fungal and bacterial infections, but also endanger humans and the environment. If bacterial strains are founded to produce biologically antibiotics to inhibit the fungal or bacterial growth, these strains will be beneficial in agriculture and livestock industry. 
         [0005]    Recently, biosurfactants, a unique class of amphiphilic biological compounds produced by microorganisms, have been shown to have a variety of potential applications in the remediation of organic- and metal-contaminated sites (Bodour et al., 2003). Biosurfactants can reduce surface tension, stabilize emulsion and promote foaming, and are generally non-toxic and biodegradable. Biosurfactants are grouped into two major classes, glycolipids and lipoproteins, wherein lipoproteins include iturin, surfactin and fengycin, etc., which are produced only by  Bacillus  sp. Biosurfactant producing microorganisms may play an important role in the accelerated bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated sites. Biosurfactant can also be used in the enhanced oil recovery and may be considered for other potential applications in the environmental protection. Other applications include herbicides and pesticides formulations, detergents, health care and cosmetics, pulp and paper, coal, textiles, ceramic processing and food industries, uranium ore-processing and mechanical dewatering of peat. 
         [0006]    Accordingly, if a microorganism is found to produce multiple enzymes and molecules, it will be beneficial on human&#39;s life and economy. The isolated  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 has the potential to produce the above-mentioned enzymes, antibiotics, and biosurfactants while comparing with the other microorganisms. 
         [0007]    It is therefore attempted by the applicant to deal with the above situation encountered in the prior art. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an isolated microorganism having a specific 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence is provided and classified as a strain of  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1, which is nominated as an Accession No.: DSM 21836. This novel bacterial strain produces specific and useful enzymes, such as lipase for decomposing fat, amylase for hydrolyzing starch, cellulase for hydrolyzing cellulose and protease for hydrolyzing protein. 
         [0009]    Because organic components exist in the wastewater, the novel multiple-enzyme-producing  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 is applied in processing wastewater, plumbing system, animal feed and kitchen waste, so as to improve the decomposition of organic components in the sewage, and the quality and efficiency of the wastewater and garbage treatment processes. Therefore, this novel bacterial strain and enzymes produced therefrom can be manufactured as the detergent and applied in decontamination and food manufacture. 
         [0010]    Further, the multiple-enzyme-producing  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 is applied in the agriculture, including silage inoculants, livestock manure treatment and Direct Fed Microbials in livestock feed formulations. 
         [0011]    Further, the isolated  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 can promote plant growth because of the enzyme activities of decomposing the macromolecules into basic organic molecules. 
         [0012]    Furthermore, the fibrinolytic enzyme produced by  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 can hydrolyze thrombus, so as to decrease the amount of fibrin clots in the blood, prevent and cure cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, arteriosclerosis, endometriosis and cancer. Therefore, fibrinolytic enzyme can improve the health in human and animals. 
         [0013]    In addition, the isolated  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 produce antibiotic substances (such as iturin, surfactin and fengycin) and the surfactant. In particular, iturin means iturin A and iturin A homologues. Iturin, surfactin and fengycin belong to lipopeptide and are beneficial in preventing and treating fungal and/or bacterial infection, and these infections are infected to plants, animals and fruits. 
         [0014]    In addition,  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 produces biosurfactants, including surfactin, iturin and fengycin, to inhibit the growths of plant pathogens and animal pathogens, and has potential in the antibiotic production. 
         [0015]    Another object of the present invention is to provide the novel bacteria strain,  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1, and/or antibiotic substances produced from such bacteria for use as an antifungal agent, and to suppress the growth of at least one microorganism which belongs to at least one genus of fungi selected from the group consisting of  Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Sclerotium, Alternaria, Phytophthora, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis , and  Botryodiplodia.    
         [0016]    Among these, the fungal infection results from one fungus selected from a group consisting of  Botrytis elliptica, Botrytis cinerea, Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum musae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp.  pisi, Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp.  lycopersici, Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii  Saccardo,  Alternaria mali, Phytophthora capsici, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium italicum, Pestalotiopsis eugeniae  and  Botryodiplodia theobromae.    
         [0017]    Another object of the present invention is to provide  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 and/or antibiotic substances produced from such bacteria for use as an antibacterial agent, and to suppress the growth of at least one microorganism which belongs to at least one genus of bacteria selected from the group consisting of  Erwinia, Acidovorax, Agrobacterium, Burholderia, Enterobactor, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Xanthomonas, Bacillus , and  Salmonella . Among these, the bacterial infection results from one bacterium selected from a group consisting of  Erwinia chrysanthemi, Erwinia carotovora  subsp.  carotovora, Acidovorax avenae  subsp.  citrulli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Burholderia caryophylli, Enterobactor cloaceae, Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis  pv.  cirti, Xanthomonas axonopodis  pv.  vesicatoria, Xanthomonas campestris  pv.  compestris, Xanthomonas oryzae  pv.  oryzae, Bacillus cereus  and  Salmonella.    
         [0018]    Further, the isolated  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 is being an antimicrobial agent for suppressing the fungal and/or the bacterial growth. The antifungal agent inhibits one fungus selected from a group consisting of  Botrytis elliptica, Botrytis cinerea, Glomerella cingulate, Colletotrichum musae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp.  pisi, Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp.  lycopersici, Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii  Saccardo,  Alternaria mali, Phytophthora capsici, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium italicum, Pestalotiopsis eugeniae  and  Botryodiplodia theobromae . The antibacterial agent inhibits one bacterium selected from a group consisting of  Erwinia chrysanthemi, Erwinia carotovora  subsp.  carotovora, Acidovorax avenae  subsp.  citrulli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Burholderia caryophylli, Enterobactor cloaceae, Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas axonopodis  pv.  cirti, Xanthomonas axonopodis  pv.  vesicatoria, Xanthomonas campestris  pv.  compestris, Xanthomonas oryzae  pv.  oryzae, Bacillus cereus  and  Salmonella.    
         [0019]    Surfactin inhibits the pathogenic growth of the livestock and food, and prevents and/or treats animals or plants infected from pathogens. Additionally, because of the characteristics of non-toxicity to the environment and the better biodegradation, surfactin is widely applied in detergent, cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, petroleum industry, agriculture and environmental protection, etc. 
         [0020]    Preferably, the isolated  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 is applied as whole broth culture, supernatant, wettable powders, granules, water dispersible granules, suspension concentrate (flowable concentrate) and microencapsulations. 
         [0021]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an isolated mutant of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 with an Accession No.: DSM 21836 has a specific 16S ribosomal RNA sequenced as SEQ ID NO:1. 
         [0022]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a composition includes an isolated microorganism of strain of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 having an Accession No.: DSM 21836. 
         [0023]    The above objectives and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art after reviewing the following detailed descriptions and accompanying drawings, in which: 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0024]      FIG. 1  is an analytic pattern of Iturin A and surfactin produced from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS) in accordance with the seventh and eighth embodiments of the present invention; and 
           [0025]      FIG. 2  is an analytic pattern of fengycin produced from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 by LC/TOF-MS in accordance with the seventh embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0026]    The present invention will now be described more specifically with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be noted that the following descriptions of preferred embodiments of this invention are presented herein for purpose of illustration and description only; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to be limited to the precise form disclosed. 
       Embodiment 1 
     Characteristics of the Novel Strain of  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 
       [0027]    The novel strain of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was isolated from the soil in Lishan, Taichung County, Taiwan by the inventors, and  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was further incubated, identified and preserved. While incubating  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1, one single colony thereof was inoculated and incubated overnight in 6 ml of Luria-Bertani (LB, Miller; Difco) broth. The cultured broth was then inoculated in 500 ml of LB broth at a ratio of 1:100, and the inoculated broth was further incubated at 30° C. at 150 rpm for 6 days. 
         [0028]    Furthermore,  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 has a specific 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence in comparison with other bacteria. The partial 16S rRNA sequence was sequenced and the GenBank accession number was nominated as EF137183, which will be published on the website of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/) on Dec. 31, 2009. The partial 16S rRNA sequence named as SEQ ID NO:1 as follows becomes the distinctive and significant characteristic of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1. 
         [0029]      Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen GmbH (DSMZ), Inhoffenstr. 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany, on Sep. 11, 2008, under the rules of Budapest Treaty, and the deposit number was DSM 21836. 
       Embodiment 2 
     Production of Amylase from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 
       [0030]    In order to prove that  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 can produce amylase to hydrolyze starch, an amylase hydrolysis test was performed as follows. A single colony of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was picked from the nutrient agar (NA) plate and mixed with 50 μl of distilled water to be the bacterial medium. Then, 50 μl of the bacterial medium was dripped on a 1-cm-diameter disc which was further stuck on a yeast extract-soluble starch agar (YSA) plate (containing 1.0% of yeast extract, 1.0% of soluble starch and 1.5% of agar). This YSA plate was incubated at 30° C. for 2 to 3 days. After incubation, 3 to 4 ml of iodine solution (containing 0.3% (w/v) of iodine and 3% (w/v) of potassium iodine) was immersed on the YSA plate. The colony size and the clear zone formation of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 were measured within 5 minutes. The blue-black color shown on the medium means that starch is not hydrolyzed; however, the clear zone surrounding the colony means starch is hydrolyzed. It was found that the colony size in diameter and the clear zone in diameter were 1.57 cm and 2.81 cm respectively in triplet. 
         [0031]    Ito et al. (1998) also proved that the alkaliphilic  Bacillus  strains produce the alkaline extracellular detergent enzyme, including α-amylase, to apply in the heavy-duty power detergents and the automatic dishwasher detergents, so as to decompose starch in the wastewater. Therefore, amylase produced from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 can be applied in hydrolyzing starch in the wastewater, waste, agriculture industry, and food industry. 
       Embodiment 3 
     Production of Protease from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 
       [0032]    In order to prove that  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 produce protease to hydrolyze protein, an proteolytic test was performed as follows. The bacterial medium of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was prepared as Embodiment 2. Fifty (50) μl of the bacterial medium thereof was dripped on a 1-cm-diameter disc which was further disposed on a skim milk agar (SMA) plate (containing 1.5% of skim milk, 1.3% of nutrient broth and 1.5% of agar) (Elsheikh et al., 1986). This SMA plate was incubated at 30° C. for 2 to 3 days, and the colony size and the clear zone formation of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 were calculated. The clear zone surrounding the colony means protein in the skim milk is hydrolyzed by the bacterium. It was found that the colony size in diameter and the clear zone in diameter were 1.77 cm and 3.61 cm respectively in triplet. 
         [0033]    Kumar et al. (2008) found that  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  produce the alkaline protease to hydrolyze the proteinaceous solid waste generated from the leather manufacturing industries. In addition, Drouin et al. (2008) proved that protease produced from  Bacillus licheniformis  perform the proteolytic activity on the wastewater sludge. In Embodiment 3, protease produced from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 also can be applied in hydrolyzing protein in the wastewater, waste, agriculture industry, food industry, and be prepared as the component of detergent or laundry detergent. 
       Embodiment 4 
     Production of Cellulase from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 
       [0034]    In order to prove that  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 produce cellulase to decompose cellulose, an cellulase hydrolysis test was performed as follows. The bacterial medium of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was prepared as Embodiment 2. Fifty (50) μl of the bacterial medium thereof was dripped on an 1-cm-diameter disc which was further disposed on a Mandel-Reese (M-R) agar plate (containing 1.0% of carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC), 0.1% of peptone, 0.03% of urea, 0.14% of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 0.2% of KH 2 PO 4 , 0.04% of CaCl 2 .H 2 O, 0.03% of MgSO 4 .7H 2 O, 5×10 −4 % of FeSO 4 .7H 2 O,  1 . 4 × 10   −3 % of ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O, 1.6×10 −3 % of MnSO 4 .4H 2 O, 2×10 −4 % of CoCl 2 .6H 2 O and 1.5% of agar; adjusting pH to 6.0 and autoclaving) (Mandel and Reese, 1960). After this M-R agar plate was incubated at 30° C. for 2 days, 3 to 4 ml of 0.1% of Congo red was immersed thereon for 30 minutes. The un-conjugated Congo red was washed with 1 M of NaCl. Congo red forms agglomerates or colloids by hydrogen bonding and then conjugates with the cellulose, and clear zone formation means cellulose without bonded with Congo red. It was found that the clear zone in diameter formed by  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was 2.3 cm in triplet. 
         [0035]    Alam et al. (2008) proved that  Trichoderma harzianum  produce cellulase for hydrolyzing cellulose in the bioconversion of sewage sludge. Sangave and Pandit (2006) also published that cellulase was utilized in the pretreatment step in the biodegradability of distillery wastewater, so as to transform cellulose into the simple biological molecules. Because the main component of M-R agar plate is carboxyl methyl cellulose, it is obvious that  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 can produce cellulase to digest cellulose and represent the clear zone formation while digesting. Therefore,  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 have significant economic value on treating cellulose in the sewage water because of the cellulase production and hydrolysis capability. It is believed that the brand-new bacterial strain,  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1, can produce cellulase to hydrolyze cellulose in the waste treatment. 
       Embodiment 5 
     Production of Lipase from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 
       [0036]    In order to prove that  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 produce lipase to decompose lipid, an lipase hydrolysis test was performed as follows. First, a single colony of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was inoculated into 5 ml of nutrient broth (NB), which was further incubated at 30° C. at 150 rpm for 1 day. Then, 5μl of the incubated medium was dripped on a Rhodamine B agar plate (containing 1% of olive oil, 0.001% of Rhodamine B and 1.5% of nutrient agar) and was further incubated at 30° C. for 7 days. Rhodamine B, being a dye, is incorporated into lipid as the fluorescent marker in biotechnology applications such as fluorescence microscopy. The clear zone represents that the lipid is hydrolyzed and Rhodamine B cannot be incorporated thereinto. Accordingly, it was found that the colony of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 showed fluorescence and the clear zone surrounding the colony in diameter was 0.6 cm. 
         [0037]    Ertugrul et al. (2007) published that lipase produced from  Bacillus  sp. showed its lipase activity on decomposing the compositions of the olive mill wastewater, triacetin, Tween 80 and whey, etc. Even, the immobilized lipase was utilized in the hydrolysis of wastewater with high oil and grease concentration (Jeganathan et al. 2007). Therefore, lipase produced from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 can be applied in the lipid degradation of wastewater, waste, agriculture industry, and food industry. 
       Embodiment 6 
     Production of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 
       [0038]    Fibrin is a critical blood component responsible for hemostasis, which has been used extensively as a versatile biopolymer scaffold in tissue engineering. Fibrin alone or in combination with other materials (such as fibrinogen and thrombin) has been used as a biological scaffold for stem or primary cells to regenerate adipose tissue, bone, cardiac tissue, cartilage, liver, nervous tissue, ocular tissue, skin, tendons, and ligaments, and shows a great potential in the tissue regeneration and wound healing (Ahmed et al., 2008). However, if fibrin accumulates as fibrin clots in the blood vessels or the heart, it will induce cardiovascular diseases or people will die (Hua et al., 2008). It is proved that a  Bacillus  sp. strain produce the fibrinolytic enzyme to be able to degrade fibrin clots (thrombus) either by forming active plasmin from plasminogen or by the direct fibrinolysis. Therefore, the fibrinolytic enzyme produced from microorganisms have a great potential in the tissue regeneration, wound healing, and life saving. 
         [0039]    In the present invention, one single colony of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD-1 was inoculated in 5 ml of NB at 30° C. for 12 hours. After 100 μl bacterial broth from 5 ml of NB cultured broth was centrifuged, 20 μl of supernatant was dripped into the shallow hole, which was dug by a tip, of the fibrin agar plate. The fibrin agar plate then was incubated at 37° C. for 12 hours, and the formation of clear zone was observed. The result was shown that the diameter of clear zone was 1.8 cm, and demonstrated that  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD-1 has ability on producing fibrinolytic enzyme to hydrolyze thrombus, and involving in the pathological situations, such as thrombosis, arteriosclerosis, endometriosis and cancer. 
       Embodiment 7 
     Productions of Iturin and Fengycin from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 
       [0040]    Iturin A, one of the biosurfactants, is an antifungal lipopeptide to be a bioactive microbial secondary metabolite and shows attractive antibiotic properties (Hsieh et al., 2008). Iturin A produced from  Bacillus  sp. forms the complex with sterol molecules on the cellular membrane of pathogenic fungi (such as  Rhizoctonia solani ), so as to increase the size of ion-conducting channel, change the osmosis of membrane, and further leads the decomposition of mycelia of pathogenic fungi and inhibits the spore germination. Therefore, the effect on the suppression of plant pathogens is achieved. Accordingly, iturin A and  Bacillus  sp. are applied in the preservation of feed and/or food, the prevention and/or treatment of animals and plants, being the surfactant (or the biosurfactant) in the biodegradation and clearance in the industry, agriculture, environment, and as the antibiotic of the animal and/or plant infection (Mizumoto et al., 2007). 
         [0041]    Please refer to  FIG. 1 , which is the analytic pattern of Iturin A produced from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS) in accordance with the seventh embodiment of the present invention. In  FIG. 1 , the molecular weights of iturin A homologues (A2 to A8) were identified as 1043, 1057, 1065, 1079, 1095 and 1119 Da. It was shown that these iturin A homologues and  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 can be applied in the food industry and agriculture. 
         [0042]    Fengycin is another biologically active lipopeptide and antifungal substance produced from  Bacillus subtilis  and plays a major role in the antagonism of  B. subtilis  toward the cucurbit powdery mildew,  Podosphaera fusca  (Deleu et al., 2008; Romero et al., 2007). Like iturin A, fengycin also can be applied in the preservation of feed and/or food, being the surfactant (or the biosurfactant) in the biodegradation and clearance in the industry, agriculture, environment, and the prevention and/or treatment of animals and plants. 
         [0043]    Please refer to  FIG. 2 , which is the analytic pattern of fengycin produced from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 by LC/TOF-MS in accordance with the seventh embodiment of the present invention. In  FIG. 2 , the molecular weights of fengycin homologues were identified as 1449, 1463, 1477, 1491 and 1505 Da. It was shown that these fengycin homologues and  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 can be applied in the food industry and agriculture. 
       Embodiment 8 
     Production of Surfactin from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 
       [0044]    Surfactin is a bacterial cyclic lipopeptide or surfactant being an antibiotic substance. Its amphiphilic property helps this substance to survive in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic environment. For instance, surfactin can present its antimicrobial property to  Escherichia coli  in milk, so as to sterilize milk (Huang et al., 2008). Whang et al. (2008) proved that surfactin has biodegradation ability of diesel-contaminated water and soil. Therefore, surfactin can be the sterilizer in food manufacturing and food preservation, and being the surfactant (or biosurfactant) in biodegradation and clearance in industry, agriculture and environment. 
         [0045]    In order to prove that  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 produce surfactin, a large-scaled  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 bacterial medium and surfactin were prepared as follows.  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was incubated at 30° C. at 200 rpm for 16 hours, then the cultured broth was inoculated into the Cooper&#39;s medium at the ratio of 1:100 and incubated at 30° C. for 120 hours. The Cooper&#39;s medium is composed of 4% of glucose in the mineral salts (containing 0.05 M of NH 4 NO 3 , 0.03 M of KH 2 PO 4 , 0.04 M of Na 2 HPO 4 , 8.0×10 −4  M of MgSO 4 , 7.0×10 −6  M of CaCl 2 , 4.0×10 −6  M of FeSO 4  and 4.0×10 −6  M of Na 2  ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na 2  EDTA)). 
         [0046]    Crude surfactin was isolated by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid to the cultured broth of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 after removing the biomass by centrifugation. A precipitate was formed at pH 2 by collecting, drying and extracting with dichloromethane. This solvent was removed under the reduced pressure to obtain an off-white solid. Further purification was achieved by re-crystallization. The dichloromethane extract was dissolved in distilled water containing sufficient NaOH to achieve pH 8. This solution was further filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper and was titrated to pH 2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The white solid pellet was collected after centrifugation. In addition, authentic surfactin was purchased from Sigma (Steinheim, Germany) or was purified from culture supernatants of  Bacillus  spp. to be the calibration standard. 
         [0047]    The isolated surfactin pellet was dissolved in 1 ml of methanol followed by charcoal treatment and was passed through a 0.22-μm-pore sized filter. The filtrate was subjected to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a reversed-phase column (RP-18, 5 μm, 4×250 mm; Merck). The column was eluted at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min with 3.8 mM of acetonitrile-trifluoroacetic acid (80:20, v/v) and was monitored at 210 nm. The concentration of surfactin was determined with a calibration curve made with the authentic surfactin purchased from Sigma, and the total amount of 6 isoforms of surfactin were used as the concentration of surfactin. It was found that the concentration of the isolated surfactin produced from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was 460 mg/L. 
         [0048]    Please refer to  FIG. 1 , which is the analytic pattern of surfactin produced from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 by LC/TOF-MS in accordance with the eighth embodiment of the present invention. In  FIG. 1 , the molecular weights of surfactin homologues were identified as 1022 and 1036 Da. Therefore, surfactin produced from  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 can be applied in food sterilization, food preservation, biodegradation and clearance in industry, agriculture and environment. 
       Embodiment 9 
     Antagonistic Assay Between  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 and the Pathogenic Fungi 
       [0049]    In accordance with the results of Embodiments 7 and 8, it was known that three lipopeptides, iturin A, fengycin and surfacin can inhibit the pathogenic fungal and bacterial growths. In order to identify the anti-pathogenic fungus ability of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1, the antagonistic culture and assay were performed. The antagonistic assay reveals the growth inhibition of one organism to another organism. 
         [0050]      B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 and 21 fungi were incubated. A single colony of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was inoculated into 5 ml of LB broth and incubated at 30° C. at 200 rpm for 7 days. The 1-cm-diameter mycelial disc of each fungus was stuck on the center of each potato dextrose agar (PDA) plate, which was then incubated at 25° C. to 100% confluence, and a total of 21 fungi were incubated. 
         [0051]    While performing the antagonistic assay, an above-mentioned incubated 1-cm-diameter disc of each fungus was stuck on the center of one PDA plate, and three 9-mm-diameter filters were stuck on this PDA plate. Each filter was disposed at a distance of 1.8 cm with the edge of the fungus disc, and three filters disposed on the PDA plate looked like three apexes of an equilateral triangle. Being the experimental group, 30 μl of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 cultured broth was dripped on each filter of one PDA plate. Being the control group, 30 μl of distilled water was dripped on each filter of another PDA plate. These PDA plates were incubated at 25° C. to 100% confluence. The confront culture between  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 and fungus were recorded, and the inhibition distance between the  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 disc and the fungus disc was calculated (formed crescents of inhibition around discs). 
         [0052]    Please refer to Table 1, which is the average inhibition distance between the  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 disc and the fungus disc in accordance with the ninth embodiment of the present invention. The longer inhibition distance is, the better inhibition effect is. In Table 1, it was shown that these 21 fungal growths could be effectively inhibited by  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1, wherein the longest inhibition distance was between  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 and  Penicillium italicum  (abbreviated as Pi13) (13.5 mm), and the shortest one was between  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 and  Glomerella cingulata  (abbreviated as Gc) (3.1 mm). Accordingly, the effect of growth inhibition of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 to fungi can be proved. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 The average inhibition distance between  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba- 
               
               
                 BPD1 disc and the fungus disc 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Average 
               
               
                   
                   
                 inhibition 
               
               
                 Species 
                 Abbreviation 
                 distance (mm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 
                   Botrytis elliptica 
                 
                 Be 
                 9.2 
               
               
                 
                   Botrytis cinerea 
                 
                 Bc 
                 8.8 
               
               
                 
                   Glomerella cingulata 
                 
                 Gc 
                 3.1 
               
               
                 
                   Colletotrichum musae 
                 
                 Cm 
                 9.8 
               
               
                 
                   Rhizoctonia solani 
                 
                 Rs 
                 4.0 
               
               
                   Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp.  pisi   
                 F307 
                 10.5 
               
               
                   Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp.  lycopersici   
                 F308 
                 5.2 
               
               
                   Fusarium oxysporum  f. sp.  lycopersici   
                 Fol-33 
                 7.7 
               
               
                 
                   Fusarium solani 
                 
                 FSO 
                 7.3 
               
               
                 
                   Fusarium solani 
                 
                 FSL 
                 7.5 
               
               
                   Sclerotium rolfsii  Saccardo 
                 Sr 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 
                   Alternaria mali 
                 
                 Am 
                 8.0 
               
               
                 
                   Phytophthora capsici 
                 
                 PcS1 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 
                   Aspergillus niger 
                 
                 An12 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 
                   Aspergillus niger 
                 
                 An22 
                 4.0 
               
               
                 
                   Penicillium italicum 
                 
                 Pi13 
                 13.5 
               
               
                 
                   Penicillium italicum 
                 
                 Pi28 
                 12.3 
               
               
                 
                   Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 
                 
                 Cg-T4018 
                 7.8 
               
               
                 
                   Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 
                 
                 Cg-T4044 
                 9.4 
               
               
                 
                   Pestalotiopsis eugeniae 
                 
                 Pe 
                 7.3 
               
               
                 
                   Botryodiplodia theobromae 
                 
                 Bot 
                 9.3 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Embodiment 10 
     Antagonistic Assay Between  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 and the Pathogenic Bacteria 
       [0053]    Another antagonistic experiment between  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 and the pathogenic bacteria was performed as follows. First, 60 μl of tested  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 was dripped on a disc, which was stuck on an NA plate and incubated at 30° C. for 24 hours. Each tested pathogenic bacterium was then sprayed uniformly on each cultured  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 agar plate, which was incubated at 30° C. for another 24 hours. Each pathogenic bacterium was tested in triplet. The inhibition zone of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 to each pathogenic bacterium was determined. 
         [0054]    Please refer to Table 2, which is the inhibition zone of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 to each pathogenic bacterium in accordance with the tenth embodiment of the present invention. In Table 2, it was shown that the these pathogenic bacterial growths could be effectively inhibited by  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1. Therefore, it is proved that the pathogenic plant and fruit diseases caused by these bacteria could be prevented, treated or controlled. In addition, the growths of  Bacillus cereus  JSR01 and  Salmonella  TA100 could be inhibited by  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1, and the bacterial food poisoning caused thereby could be prevented and cured by  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 The inhibition zone of  B. amyloliquefaciens  Ba-BPD1 to the 
               
               
                 pathogenic bacteria 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Inhibition 
               
               
                   
                   
                 zone in 
               
               
                   
                   
                 diameter 
               
               
                 Bacterium 
                 Disease 
                 (cm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   Acidovorax avenae  subsp.  citrulli   
                 Bacterial fruit blotch of 
                 3.4 
               
               
                   
                 melon 
               
               
                 
                   Agrobacterium tumefaciens 
                 
                 Crown gall 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 
                   Burholderia caryophylli 
                 
                 Bacterial wilting 
                 3.5 
               
               
                 
                   Enterobactor cloaceae 
                 
                 Bacterial basal rot 
                 2.5 
               
               
                   Erwinia carotovora  subsp. 
                 Soft rot disease 
                 2.3 
               
               
                 
                   carotovora 
                 
               
               
                 
                   Erwinia chrysanthemi 
                 
                 Soft rot disease 
                 3.1 
               
               
                 
                   Pseudomonas syringae 
                 
                 Bacterial leaf spots 
                 3.1 
               
               
                 
                   Ralstonia solanacearum 
                 
                 Bacterial wilting 
                 2.9 
               
               
                   Xanthomonas axonopodis  pv.  cirti   
                 Cirtus canker 
                 4.5 
               
               
                   Xanthomonas axonopodis  pv. 
                 Bacterial spot of tomato 
                 4.5 
               
               
                 
                   vesicatoria 
                 
               
               
                   Xanthomonas compestris  pv. 
                 Black rot of brassica 
                 4.5 
               
               
                 
                   compestris 
                 
               
               
                   Xanthomonas oryzae  pv.  oryzae   
                 Bacterial leaf blight 
                 3.2 
               
               
                   Bacillus cereus  JSR01 
                 Bacterial food poisoning 
                 0.9 
               
               
                   Salmonella  TA100 
                 Bacterial food poisoning 
                 1.1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0055]    While the invention has been described in terms of what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred Embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention needs not be limited to the disclosed Embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, which are to be accorded with the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar structures.