Abstract:
The invention relates to the field of dynamometer drive adapters. In particular, the invention relates to dynamometer drive adapters for motorcycles.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The invention relates to the field of dynamometer drive adapters. In particular, the invention relates to dynamometer drive adapters for motorcycles. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    It is known from prior art that a motorcycle can drive a dynamometer via the tyre of its driven wheel. The tyre contacts a suitable roller, which is drivingly connected to the dynamometer. Although this method of driving a dynamometer has simplicity in its favour, it is neither particularly efficient nor are the results repeatable within narrow limits of accuracy. This variability is a result of using the tyre as the means of transmitting the power to the dynamometer. Variations in tyre carcass construction, tread pattern, tread compound and tyre pressure all contribute to power losses and variations, which in turn result in inaccurate power readings. These problems are exacerbated with the increase in power of the engine being tested, as it becomes increasingly difficult for the tyre contact patch to transmit the power without slipping. 
         [0003]    An alternative system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,779. In this system the rear wheel of a motorcycle is removed and replaced by a shaft. Mounted on the shaft are two sprockets, the first for receiving power from the motorcycle engine via the motorcycle chain, the second for driving a second shaft attached to a dynamometer. The system is mounted in a support housing, so that the relative positions of the two shafts are fixed. This is problematic, in that the system cannot easily be attached to any motorcycle and any dynamometer, regardless of the heights of the dynamometer input and the motorcycle output. In particular, the output shaft of the system is positioned very close to the ground. 
         [0004]    Furthermore, the system cannot accommodate belt drive motorcycles, or those with single sided swingarms. This system is not easily portable and has no inbuilt means for starting a motorcycle. Also, the system does not allow drive ratio changes between the two shafts. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    It is an object of the invention to provide an adjustable adapter such that a variety of motorcycle output heights and a variety of dynamometer input heights can be accommodated. 
         [0006]    It is a further object of the invention to provide an adjustable adapter, whereby a wide variety of motorcycle final drive configurations can be adapted to drive a dynamometer. The variety of motorcycle final drive configurations, which various embodiments of this present invention can accommodate, includes dual sided swingarms of any width, single sided swingarms, shaft drive, belt drive and chain drive. 
         [0007]    A further object of the invention is to provide a dynamometer adapter allowing the changing of the drive ratio between the input and output of the adapter. 
         [0008]    It is also an object of the invention is to provide a dynamometer adapter, which is portable and easily adjustable to suit a wide variety of motorcycle configurations. 
         [0009]    A further object is to provide a dynamometer adapter having a means for starting an engine connected to the adapter. 
         [0010]    Each object of the invention is to read disjunctively with the object of at least providing the public with a useful choice. 
         [0011]    In a first aspect the invention provides an adapter for connecting a motorcycle to a dynamometer, including: 
         [0000]    an input shaft adapted to be fixed to a motorcycle;
 
engagement means rotatably mounted on the input shaft and adapted to engage a drive element connected to an output of a motorcycle engine;
 
an output shaft adapted to connect to a dynamometer; and
 
a transmission means adapted to transmit power from the engagement means to the output shaft;
 
wherein the input shaft is connected to the output shaft by one or more linkages, each linkage being pivotable around at least one of the input shaft and the output shaft, such that the relative positions of the input and output shafts can be adjusted and the adapter can connect to a motorcycle and a dynamometer, regardless of the relative heights of the motorcycle rear axle and the dynamometer input.
 
     
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0012]    The present invention will be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0013]      FIG. 1  is a side view of an adapter according to the invention; 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a plan view of a first embodiment of an adapter, according to the invention; and 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is a plan view of a second embodiment of an adapter, according to the invention. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0016]    While the operating principle of the present invention is identical for motorcycles with single sided swingarms and those with dual sided swingarms, some features are specific to each case. 
         [0017]    In the case of a motorcycle with a dual sided swingarm, the rear wheel assembly is removed from the motorcycle and an adjustable length substitute axle is fitted. One end of the axle rotatably supports an input hub to which two sprockets are drivingly attached. The outer sprocket (or toothed drive-belt pulley) aligns with the output sprocket (or pulley) of the motorcycle engine and is driven by the motorcycle final drive chain (or toothed drive-belt). 
         [0018]    The inner sprocket in turn aligns with and is drivingly connected by chain to the output hub-mounted sprocket, which is in turn concentric with and drivingly connected to, the output shaft. The output shaft is correctly positioned with respect to the substitute axle by the means of two parallel linkages. The two parallel linkages also provide support for an adjustable chain tensioner, a chain guard and an automotive type electric starter motor. The starter motor engages a ring gear, which is also drivingly connected to the output shaft. The end(s) of the output shaft are configured to suit the particular driving requirements of the particular dynamometer being used for the test. 
         [0019]    In the case of a motorcycle with single sided swingarm, the rear wheel is removed from the motorcycle and the adapter is attached to the wheel drive spindle by the following means. A hollow input hub passes over the wheel drive spindle and is secured in place with a centralising conical washer and nut. Holes in the mating face of the hollow input hub drivingly engage with drive pegs, which protrude from the face of the motorcycle wheel drive spindle. A sprocket is drivingly connected to the hollow input hub which is rotatably supported in the end of a beam. This sprocket in turn aligns with and is drivingly connected by chain to the output hub-mounted sprocket, which is in turn drivingly connected to the output shaft. 
         [0020]    The output shaft is correctly positioned with respect to the hollow input hub by the means of two parallel linkages, one of which is shorter than the other. The two parallel linkages provide support for an adjustable chain tensioner, a chain guard and an automotive type electric starter motor. The starter motor engages a ring gear, which is also drivingly connected to the output shaft, The end(s) of the output shaft are configured to suit the particular driving requirements of the particular dynamometer being used for the test. 
         [0021]    In the case of motorcycles with shaft drive and either a dual sided or single sided swingarm, alternative configurations of the previous two embodiments can be used. The main differences being in the interface details of each type of input hub. Instead of being configured to drivingly engage with either a sprocket, a toothed belt or drive pegs, they are configured to drivingly engage with the output details of the shaft drive system being tested. 
         [0022]    In all cases, when the engine being tested is fitted to a motorcycle frame, the rear wheel assembly must be removed from the motorcycle. 
         [0023]    In the case of a motorcycle engine or similar type engine, not fitted to a vehicle, the engine is fitted to a suitable support frame. The support frame is configured in such a way as to allow the attachment of the present invention so that the engine being tested can drive a dynamometer. 
         [0024]    With reference to the figures, the motorcycle output sprocket (or toothed drive pulley)  1  is drivingly connected to a chain (or toothed belt)  4  which in turn is drivingly connected to the input sprocket (or toothed pulley)  5  of the dynamometer adapter device. The motorcycle swingarm  3  whether it is single sided ( FIG. 3 ) or dual sided ( FIG. 2 ) is connected to the motorcycle and pivots at point  2 . 
         [0025]    In the case of a motorcycle with a dual sided swingarm ( FIG. 2 ) the input sprocket (or toothed pulley)  5  of the dynamometer adapter device is attached to input hub  6  with fasteners  7 . Also attached to input hub  6  with fasteners  7  is the output sprocket  8  which is aligned with drive sprocket  11  and is drivingly connected to it by means of drive chain  10 . Drive sprocket  11  is attached by fasteners  12  to output hub  13  which is in turn drivingly connected to output shaft  14 , the end(s) of which are configured to suit the particular requirements of the dynamometer  15  being used. 
         [0026]    Output sprocket  8 , drive sprocket  11  and drive chain  10  may be replaced by pulleys and a belt drive or any other suitable means for transmitting power. 
         [0027]    In  FIG. 2  the input hub  6  is rotatably supported by bearings  9  on an adjustable input axle comprising drive side axle half  27 , guide bar  28  and axle cup  29 . Drive side axle half  27  is secured to the motorcycle swingarm by means of spacer  33 , spacer  30 , support boss  31  and fastener  32 . Input hub  6  is axially located by means of circlips, as is drive side support beam  24  which is free to rotate on drive side axle half  27 . Guide bar  28  and axle cup  29  are secured to the opposite side of the swingarm by means of spacer  30 , support boss  31  and fastener  32 . Guide bar  28  is free to slide axially within drive side axle half  27  while remaining coaxial with it. Thus, the length of the input axle can be adjusted to suit the width of the motorcycle&#39;s swingarm. 
         [0028]    The non-drive side linkage, in the form of support beam  41 , is free to move both axially and radially about axle cup  29 . Thus, the linkage  41  is pivotable around the input axle. The correct alignment of input sprocket (or toothed pulley)  5  and motorcycle output sprocket (or toothed pulley)  1  is ensured by spacer  33 . The width of spacer  33  is varied to suit different applications. 
         [0029]    The output shaft  14  is correctly aligned with respect to the adjustable axle assembly by means of linkages in the form of support beams  24  and  41  in the case of a dual sided swingarm ( FIG. 2 ) and support beams  25  and  26  in the case of a single sided swingarm ( FIG. 3 ). In each of the above embodiments the support beams rotatably support the output shaft  14  by means of bearings  19 . The bearings are constrained by caps  44  ( FIG. 1 ), which are in turn secured by fasteners  43 . The bearings  19  are axially retained within their respective bores by means of circumferential retaining rings. Also, in each case the bearing  19  adjacent to the output hub  13  is axially retained on the output shaft by two circlips, which engage grooves around the output shaft  14 , one on each side of the bearing. Thus, the linkages are pivotable around the output shaft. 
         [0030]    In each embodiment of the device, dual sided swingarm ( FIG. 2 ) and single sided swingarm ( FIG. 3 ), the support beams run parallel to each other. A pair of parallel locater tubes  20  pass through matching holes in each of the support beams. The bearing  19  in support beam  41  ( FIG. 2 ) and bearing  19  in support beam  26  ( FIG. 3 ) is free to move axially on output shaft  14 . When the distance separating support beams  24  and  41  ( FIG. 2 ) has been set to match the motorcycle swingarm width, or the distance separating support beams  25  and  26  ( FIG. 3 ) has been set to provide sufficient torsional rigidity, fasteners  42  are tightened, thereby securing the locater tubes  20  and their respective support beams in a rigid assembly. 
         [0031]    As illustrated in the  FIG. 1 , the parallel locater tubes  20  also provide location for an adjustable chain tensioner assembly. Tensioner sprocket  23  is rotatably mounted on a bearing, which is supported by adjustable arm assembly  22 , which in turn pivots on mounting block  21 . When the tensioner sprocket  23  is correctly aligned with the chain  10 , a pinch-bolt fitted to mounting block  21  is used to lock the tensioner assembly in position onto locater tubes  20 . When the correct chain tension has been set, the adjustable arm assembly  22  is locked in place on its mounting block  21 , alternatively a spring activated automatic tensioner may be used. The purpose of the chain tensioner is to compensate both for normal chain wear and for changes in chain length when sprockets  8  and  11  are changed in order to match engine speed range with dynamometer speed range. 
         [0032]    In the case of a motorcycle with single sided swingarm ( FIG. 3 ) an input axle in the form of hollow input drive hub  45  passes over the motorcycle wheel drive spindle  35  and is secured in place with a centralising conical washer  36  and nut  37 . Engagement means in the form of a clamping face connected to, or formed integrally with, the input axle includes holes  38  that drivingly engage with drive pegs  39 , which protrude from the clamping face of the motorcycle wheel drive spindle  35 . Output sprocket  8  is drivingly connected by fasteners  7  to the input axle  45 , which in turn is rotatably supported by bearings  46  contained within housing  34 . The housing  34  is pressed into main support beam  25  and is retained by means of a flange on one side and a circlip on the other. Output sprocket  8  is aligned with drive sprocket  11  and is drivingly connected to it by means of drive chain  10 . Drive sprocket  11  is attached by fasteners  12  to output hub  13  which is in turn drivingly connected to output shaft  14 , the end(s) of which are configured to suit the particular requirements of the dynamometer(s)  15  being used. 
         [0033]    The functions of support beams  25  and  26 , locater tubes  20  and chain tensioner are identical to those previously described. 
         [0034]    Thus, the adapter for a double sided swingarm includes a non-rotating input axle, while the adapter for a single sided swingarm includes a rotating input axle. In the double sided case, the engagement means is rotatably mounted on a non-rotating axle, while in the single-sided case the engagement means is non-rotatably mounted on a rotating axle, such that the engagement means and axle rotate together. In the single-sided case the engagement means is preferably formed integrally with the input axle, and the phrase “mounted on” is intended to encompass this arrangement. 
         [0035]    For motorcycle or motorcycle type engines that have no means of self starting, an automotive starter motor is integrated with the dynamometer adapter device. The starter motor is mounted on support beam  24  ( FIG. 2 ), or support beam  25  ( FIG. 3 ). Its pinion  17  engages a ring gear  18 , which is attached by fasteners  12  to output hub  13 . In use, the starter motor drives the ring gear, thereby driving the chain  10  and the motorcycle drive belt or chain  4  and starting the motorcycle motor. 
         [0036]    For reasons of safety, provision is made for attaching a chain guard (not illustrated) to support beam  24  ( FIG. 2 ) and support beam  25  ( FIG. 3 ). 
         [0037]    The design of the present invention is such that when a motorcycle is being tested, the operator can be seated on the motorcycle and use all the controls in the normal way. Several means are provided whereby the motorcycle can be supported while its rear wheel is removed and it is attached to the dynamometer adapter device. Some motorcycles have small bobbins protruding outwards from the sides of their swingarms specifically for the purpose of engaging with a support stand when their rear wheel is removed. If so fitted, these bobbins may be used for the same purpose when the motorcycle is attached to dynamometer adapter device. If no such bobbins are fitted, then support bosses  31  ( FIG. 2 ) or support bar  40  ( FIG. 3 ) may be used in conjunction with a commercially available support stand. 
         [0038]    As the linkages joining the input axle and output shaft are pivotable about both the input axle and output shaft, the adapter of the invention can be fitted to different motorcycles and dynamometers, over a range of relative heights of motorcycle output or rear axle and dynamometer inputs. 
         [0039]    While the present invention has been illustrated by the description of the embodiments thereof, and while the embodiments have been described in detail, it is not the intention of the Applicant to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details, representative apparatus and method, and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departure from the spirit or scope of the Applicant&#39;s general inventive concept.