Abstract:
A method of fabricating a micro-array IC package is recited. A wafer has a B-stageable adhesive applied, and the wafer is diced. The individual dice are applied to a lead-frame via their adhesive, and wirebonded to associated leads. The lead-frame is then encapsulated, and solder connectors are applied. The lead-frame is then singulated to produce a plurality of lead-frame based micro-array packages. The process thus allows lead-frame based manufacturing methods to be employed in the production of BGA-type packages, allowing such packages to be produced faster and more efficiently.

Description:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to the packaging of integrated circuits (ICs). More specifically, this invention relates to the design and fabrication of a micro-array IC package. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Current semiconductor packaging technology often involves tradeoffs between ease and efficiency of manufacturing on the one hand, and various performance drawbacks on the other. For example, lead-frame based packages such as quad flat no-lead (QFN) packages employ lead-frames to facilitate the packaging and singulation of multiple units at once. However, lead-frame based packages, whose connectors are typically placed either on or extending from the sides, tend to have larger footprints than ball grid array (BGA) packages, whose solder ball connectors lie directly underneath the package. Unfortunately, BGA packages have drawbacks as well. Specifically, such packages often employ laminate substrates rather than uniform metal lead-frames, making them more expensive to produce than lead-frame based packages, and less efficiently manufactured. 
     It is therefore desirable to design packages that employ lead-frames for ease and efficiency of manufacture, but that also have BGA-type solder ball connectors for reduced footprint sizes. In light of the increased requirements for package cost and reliability, it is further desirable to improve various aspects of the design and manufacture of these packages. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Broadly speaking, the invention pertains to the design and fabrication of a lead-frame based IC package 
     The invention can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a method, system, device, or apparatus. Several embodiments of the invention are discussed below. 
     In one embodiment of the invention, a method of packaging integrated circuits in lead-frame based micro-array packages comprises applying B-stageable adhesive to a back surface of a semiconductor wafer, and dicing the semiconductor wafer to form individual semiconductor dice each having a B-stageable adhesive layer thereon. A plurality of the dice is affixed to a micro-array lead-frame panel, the micro-array lead-frame panel having an array of device areas thereon. Each device area includes a plurality of leads, each lead including an elongated lead trace portion and a lead contact post, wherein the lead trace portions of at least some of the leads have segments extend between lead contact posts associated with adjacent leads, and wherein each die is affixed to its associated device area of the micro-array lead-frame panel by heating the B-stageable adhesive layer to adhere the die to the micro-array lead-frame panel. Bond pads on the die are wirebonded to leads on the micro-array lead-frame using bonding wires to electrically couple the die to the micro-array lead-frame. The dice, the bonding wires and portions of the micro-array lead-frame are encapsulated, and after encapsulation, the lead contact posts are exposed at a bottom surface of the micro-array lead-frame panel and the lead trace portions are not exposed at the bottom surface of the micro-array lead-frame panel. Solder contacts are attached to the contact posts, and the micro-array lead-frame panel is sawed to singulate the device areas thereby forming a plurality of lead-frame based micro-array packages. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, a method of packaging integrated circuits in lead-frame based micro-array packages comprises affixing a plurality of the dice to a micro-array lead-frame panel, the micro-array lead-frame panel having an array of device areas thereon. Each device area includes a plurality of leads, each lead including an elongated lead trace portion and a lead contact post. The lead trace portions of at least some of the leads have segments extending between lead contact posts associated with adjacent leads. Each die has a B-stageable adhesive on the back surface thereof and each die is affixed to its associated device area of the micro-array lead-frame panel by heating the B-stageable adhesive layer to adhere the die to the micro-array lead-frame panel. Bond pads on the die are wirebonded to leads on the micro-array lead-frame using bonding wires to electrically couple the die to the micro-array lead-frame. The dice, the bonding wires and portions of the micro-array lead-frame are then encapsulated, wherein after encapsulation, the lead contact posts are exposed at a bottom surface of the micro-array lead-frame panel and the lead trace portions are not exposed at the bottom surface of the micro-array lead-frame panel. Solder contacts are attached to the contact posts; and the micro-array lead-frame panel is sawed to singulate the device areas thereby forming a plurality of lead-frame based micro-array packages. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, a method of packaging an integrated circuit in a lead-frame based micro-array package comprises affixing an integrated circuit die on a micro-array lead-frame, the die having an active surface and a B-stageable adhesive on a back surface. The integrated circuit die is affixed to the micro-array lead-frame by heating the B-stageable adhesive to adhere the die to the micro-array lead-frame. The adhesive of at least one of the dice is affixed to a first surface of a metallic substrate, the metallic substrate having bond sites on the first surface, an array of solder pads on a second surface opposite to the first surface, and leads interconnecting ones of the bond sites and associated ones of the solder pads. The at least one of the dice is wirebonded to the bond sites of the metallic substrate. The at least one of the dice and the metallic substrate are encapsulated so as to expose the solder pads on the second surface, and solder balls are attached to the solder pads so as to form a ball grid array package. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, a method of fabricating an encapsulated lead-frame comprises applying an adhesive to a lower surface of a semiconductor wafer, and after said applying, dicing the semiconductor wafer so as to form individual semiconductor dice each having a lower surface with an amount of the adhesive applied thereon. A lead-frame with an array of device areas is received, where the upper surface of each device area has a die attach region and a plurality of bond sites configured to receive an electrical connector, and the lower surface of each device area has a plurality of solder pads, each device area further having conductive leads interconnecting ones of the bond sites to associated ones of the solder pads. The adhesive of ones of the dice is affixed to the device areas so as to attach the lower surfaces of the dice to the upper surfaces of ones of the device areas. The upper surfaces of the dice are then electrically connected to each said associated plurality of bond sites. The lead-frame and the device areas are encapsulated, and solder balls are attached to the solder pads. 
     In another embodiment of the invention, a ball grid array package is fabricated according to the method comprising applying an adhesive to a lower surface of a semiconductor wafer, and after said applying, dicing the semiconductor wafer so as to form individual semiconductor dice each having a lower surface with an amount of the adhesive applied thereon. The adhesive of at least one of the dice is affixed to a first surface of a metallic substrate, the metallic substrate having bond sites on the first surface, an array of solder pads on a second surface opposite to the first surface, and leads interconnecting ones of the bond sites and associated ones of the solder pads. The at least one of the dice is wirebonded to the bond sites of the metallic substrate. The at least one of the dice and the metallic substrate are then encapsulated so as to expose the solder pads on the second surface, and solder balls are attached to the solder pads. 
     Other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a better understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1A  illustrates a diagrammatic top view of a lead-frame strip suitable for use in packaging integrated circuits according to embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 1B–1C  illustrate successively more detailed views of selected elements of the lead-frame strip of  FIG. 1A . 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a cross-section of a packaged IC employing features of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  is a detailed top view of a die attach area having posts and etched struts arranged in a snowflake configuration to facilitate flow of encapsulant. 
         FIGS. 4A–B  illustrate successively detailed bottom views of a device area with generally square contact pads constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 5  is a bottom view of a device area with generally oblong contact pads constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIGS. 6A–D  are assorted views of various lead-frame assembly features that collectively facilitate wire bonding to etched bond sites. 
         FIG. 7  illustrates process steps for fabricating IC packages in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the drawings. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In one embodiment of the invention, an integrated circuit package is disclosed. The package has solder ball connectors on its lower surface, like conventional BGA packages. However, this package is produced using many features of lead-frame based packages. Such a package utilizes at least four different elements to achieve various improvements over the art. First, a lead-frame is employed with perforated die attach pads that allow encapsulant material to more easily flow underneath the dice, thus preventing process problems such as voids in the encapsulant layer. The drive toward smaller package sizes has also yielded smaller contact pads for placing solder ball connectors. As reductions in contact pad area also reduce the strength with which solder balls adhere to the package, a second improvement involves square contact pads that retain the same metal-to-metal clearance as standard circular contact pads, but that have a greater surface area. In this manner, embodiments of the invention yield stronger and more reliable solder ball connectors that still satisfy the constraints imposed by smaller package designs. Third, aspects of the invention allow for wire bonding directly to partially-etched areas of the lead-frame. Current wire bond sites must often be supported by support posts, or other unetched portions of the lead-frame, that leave exposed conductive areas on the outer surface of the package. As these conductive areas risk compromising the performance of the IC, they must be masked or otherwise insulated when the package is used, adding undesirable process time and expense. Wire bonding to an etched area, or an area otherwise unexposed after encapsulation, thus removes some of these undesired conductive areas. Fourth, a novel process for fabricating the IC packages of the invention is described. 
     Lead-Frame and Packaging 
       FIG. 1A  illustrates a diagrammatic top view of a lead-frame strip suitable for use in packaging integrated circuits according to embodiments of the present invention. A lead-frame  101  can be configured as a metallic structure with a number of panels  103  of device areas. As illustrated in the successively more detailed  FIGS. 1B–C , each panel  103  has a two dimensional array of device areas  105 , each configured for use in a single IC package, and each connected by fine tie bars  107 . During packaging, one or more semiconductor dice are affixed to each device area  105 , where they are then subjected to known wire bonding, encapsulation, and singulation processes, yielding individual IC packages. 
     In order to facilitate these processes, each device area  105  has a number of leads  111 , each supported at one end by the tie bars  107 . In the illustrated embodiment, the leads  111  have contact posts  113  formed at the distal end of the lead. Each post extends to the bottom surface of the lead-frame  101  to provide a conductive contact pad  216  at the bottom surface of the lead frame. The leads  111  are etched, half-etched, or otherwise thinned relative to the posts  113 , so as to provide electrical connection to the posts  113  without leaving exposed conductive areas on the bottom surface of the lead frame, which as will be explained below may be packaged in a manner so that it becomes co-planar the outer surface of the encapsulated package. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates cross-section A—A of  FIG. 1C , after the lead-frame  101  has already been subjected to the die attach, wire bond, and encapsulation processes. The resulting IC package  200  has a semiconductor die  202  that is attached to the substrate  204  with an adhesive  206 . The package  200  also has bond wires  208  that electrically connect the die  202  to the bond sites  210  of the leads  212 . An encapsulant  214 , e.g., a known molding material, surrounds the die  202  and substrate  204 , leaving only exposed contact pads  216  (which are simply the lower surfaces of the posts  113 ) at the bottom surface  218  of the package. 
     The package  200  is shown after encapsulation, but prior to singulation. In practice then, electrical connectors such as solder balls are attached to the contact pads  216  (often, but not necessarily, after plating or cleaning the pads  216  to inhibit/remove oxidation), and the lead-frame  101  is singulated (commonly sawed) along its tie bars  107 , to cut away each individual package  200 . In this manner, a novel package is fabricated, in which a “micro-array” of solder connectors exist on the bottom surface  218 , allowing the package  200  to be used as a BGA-type package, yet employing lead-frame based fabrication techniques for ease and efficiency of manufacture. The resulting “micro-array” package thus offers many advantages inherent in both BGA-type packages and QFN-type packages. To facilitate manufacture of these micro-array packages  200 , a number of novel features may be employed, several of which are discussed below in further detail. 
     Die Support Structure 
     As discussed briefly above, a die  202  is attached to a die attach region of the lead-frame where it overlaps die attach structure  109  and possibly portions of some of the leads  111 . After the die is adhesively secured to the lead-frame, it is wirebonded and encapsulated with a molding material  214 . However, during encapsulation, liquefied molding material  214  must flow under and around all the various structures of the device area  105 , or else voids may form in the encapsulant  214 . Such voids risk leaving exposed electrically conductive areas on the outer surface of the package  200  that leave the package  200  vulnerable to electrical shorts or other forms of damage. 
     In order to help alleviate this problem, the lead-frame  101  of  FIG. 1C  includes the die support structure  109 . More specifically, the die support structure  109  is configured not as a single rectangular die attach pad-like structure, as might be used in various other packaging styles, but rather as a lattice-like structure capable of supporting a die  202  while allowing sufficient space for encapsulant material to flow therethrough. For example, in  FIG. 1C , the die support structure  109  is made up of an array of posts  113  interconnected by struts  115 , or support risers, that provide structural stability while still allowing flow of the molding material. In essence, the struts  115  are portions of the lead-frame  101  that have been half-etched (or subjected to any other process by which material can be removed from the lead-frame  101 ) like the leads  111 , so as to leave space between the bottom surface  218  and the strut  115 . In this manner, encapsulant material can flow under the die  202  and through the open areas  119  in the lead-frame  101 , as well as under the struts  115  themselves. The struts  115  thus provide a lattice-like structure that leaves open areas  119  which span the full height of the lead-frame  101 . This allows encapsulant to flow through a larger area than would be possible if the bottom surface of a large rectangular die attach pad was etched to define a number of posts  113 , which would lack such full-height open areas  119 . 
     One of skill will observe that the generally “swastika-shaped” appearance of the die support structure  109  creates four open areas  119  for encapsulant to flow through relatively unimpeded. Additionally, the half-etched struts  115  provide space underneath them, further facilitating encapsulant flow under the die  202 . 
     In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1C , the die support structure also includes a plurality of support bars  118  that carry the die support structure  109  and pads  117 . In the illustrated embodiment, the pads  117  appear as enlarged legs of the “swastika-shaped” die support structure. Like the struts  115  and leads  111 , the pads  117  and support bars  118  are partially etched from the bottom surface so that they are not exposed at the bottom surface of the lead-frame. The illustrated pad structure has a number of advantages including providing additional structural stability for the die support structure and when the die is not significantly larger than the die support structure, they may also serve as wirebonding surfaces that facilitate downbonding from the die to the die support structure  112 . As will be appreciated by those familiar with packaging generally, it is sometimes desirable to make an exposed die attach pad a ground (or power) plane. In the illustrated embodiment, the die support structure  109  may be configured as a ground (or power) plane simply by downbonding to the pads  117  and/or the support bars  118 . 
     One of skill will also observe that the various lead-frame configurations of the invention need not be limited to the swastika like shape of  FIG. 1C . Rather, a wide variety of die support structures may be used to facilitate the flow of encapsulant material underneath the die  202 . For example,  FIG. 3  illustrates a die support structure  109  with a generally “snowflake-shaped” configuration in which the posts  114  are interconnected by half-etched struts  115  arranged as shown. Such an arrangement helps create open areas  119  that channel flow of encapsulant toward the center of the die support structure  109 , an area where voids are often most likely to be formed. As in the swastika-shaped configuration (and indeed, many other possible configurations), pads  117  can be provided to allow for downbonding and increased structural stability of the lead-frame  101 , while still allowing encapsulant to flow underneath. 
     In the illustrated embodiments, a unitary die support structure is provided, wherein all of the struts are electrically connected. In other embodiments, the die support structure may be divided into two or more components. Such an approach can be particularly useful in situations where it is desirable to provide multiple independent ground/power planes. 
     Contact Pads 
     Referring next to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , some other embodiments will be described that utilize non-circular contact pads on the contact posts. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 4A and 4B , the contact pads have a substantially square footprint, instead of the substantially circular footprint illustrated in  FIG. 1C . With reference to  FIG. 1C  again, note that a certain metal-to-metal clearance H must be maintained in order to prevent electrical interference between leads  111  and adjacent posts  113 . One commonly used rule states that H must be approximately equal to or greater than half the height of the contact posts. Thus, for 0.5 mm thick lead frames, H must be maintained at least at 0.25 mm. The exact numerical value for the clearance H varies, and is not central to the invention, but does typically impose a design constraint: the cross-sectional area of the posts  113  (i.e., the contact pad size) must be sufficiently small that the distance H between the posts  113  and adjacent leads  111  is always maintained. However, reducing contact pad size also reduces the strength with which solder connectors adhere to their contact pads. 
     As a solution to this dilemma, embodiments of the invention employ generally noncircular contact pads whose shapes allow for increased surface area relative to circular contact pads, yet maintain the same metal-to-metal clearance as conventional circular contact pads. As one example,  FIG. 4A  illustrates a bottom view of a device area  301  of a lead-frame  101 , in which the posts  113  are fabricated with generally square cross-sections. These square cross-sections yield generally square contact pads  303  that have greater cross-sectional areas than equivalent circular contact pads.  FIG. 4B  illustrates this concept in greater detail. Note that, in order to maintain a minimum metal-to-metal clearance H between a contact pad  303  and its adjacent lead  115  without excessively thinning the lead  115  (which poses many known problems), a circular contact pad  303  can at maximum have a diameter D, as shown. However, one can observe that a square contact pad  303  with sides of length D offers greater surface area than the circular contact pad, while maintaining the same metal-to-metal clearance H. This increased surface area increases the size of, and thus improves the shear strength and reliability of, the solder joint. Consequently, such an increase in surface area relative to circular pads allows for stronger and more reliable connections between the contact pads and their solder connectors, such as solder balls. 
     It should be noted that the use of noncircular contact pads does not affect the fabrication of IC packages  200 . That is, packages employing square contact pads  303  may be fabricated in the same manner as described above (and further explained below). It should also be noted that while  FIGS. 4A–B  employ generally square contact pads  303 , the invention need not be so limited. Rather, the invention contemplates the use of any shape contact pad  303  that is designed to offer increased surface area relative to a circular contact pad having the same minor axis dimension, and that maintains or increases the corresponding metal-to-metal clearance H. For example,  FIG. 5  illustrates a lead-frame  101  employing oblong posts  113  whose bottom surfaces provide oblong-shaped contact pads  303 . More specifically, if the width (minor axis dimension) of the oblong pads  303  is maintained as D while the height, or longitudinal direction (major axis dimension), is increased to a length sufficiently greater than D, the oblong pad  303  can offer greater surface area than a circular contact pad  303  with diameter D. Furthermore, this can be done while the metal-to-metal clearance is maintained at H. 
     Further embodiments of the invention allow for generally square contact pads that have sides of length D, yet offer similar surface area than even a circular contact pad with diameter greater than D. For instance, is known that generally circular contact pads having diameters of 0.25 mm yield acceptable solder connector strength and reliability. The ability to manufacture posts  113  having a diameter of 0.225 mm is also known and is desirable, yet yields weaker and less reliable solder connectors. Consequently, embodiments of the invention include use of generally square contact pads  303  that have sides of length 0.225 mm, thus offering the same metal-to-metal clearance as circular pads of diameter 0.225 mm, yet having greater surface areas. More specifically, by sufficiently reducing the amount that the corners of the square contact pad  303  are rounded (in this example, limiting the corner radius to a maximum of 0.05 mm), one of skill can see that a generally square contact pad  303  having sides of length 0.225 mm can achieve 99% of the surface area of even a 0.25 mm circular contact pad. 
     Thin Wire Bond Sites 
     Yet another aspect of embodiments of the invention involves wire bonding to an etched or otherwise thinned portion of the lead-frame  101 . For example,  FIG. 2  illustrates bond wires  208  that have been wirebonded directly to half-etched bond sites  210  of leads  212 . Conventional bond sites must be directly supported. That is, the lead-frame  101  must have an unetched portion that extends to the bottom surface  218  in the area directly beneath the wire bond, or some other form of support for the bond site  210 . Otherwise, conventional bond sites are unable to support the stresses of wire bonding operations without flexing or bowing excessively, or simply giving way entirely. One approach to supporting the bond site  210  involves filling the area underneath the bond site  210  with encapsulant material prior to wire bonding, as is explained in the co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/650,325 to Bayan et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes. 
     Another approach, taken in embodiments of the present invention, involves the cumulative effect of various improvements to a lead-frame  101  and its associated structures. By way of example, one described embodiments of the invention employs three features that work together to make is practically possible to wire bond directly to half-etched (or otherwise thinned) bond sites  210 : 1) a harder lead-frame material is employed, 2) a stronger support tape is used, and 3) various structural features are incorporated into the lead-frame  101  itself. 
     With regard to the material of the lead-frame  101 , current lead-frames are often made of alloys too weak to support wirebonding when their leads  212  are thinned. Commonly, it is well known that such alloys exhibit excessive bowing or other deformation when subjected to wirebonding, thus producing poor wire bonds. For example, known alloys such as C194 copper alloy from Olin Corp. are of insufficient hardness to support wirebonding on half-etched areas of many lead-frames made from it. However, it has been found that materials with Vickers hardnesses of at least 160 to 195 (which is in the range of at least approximately 35% to 50% greater than the hardness of C194) are sufficiently hard to withstand wirebonding on half-etched areas of a 6 mil thick lead-frame when employed along with other described features. 
     Such harder materials are known, and include alloys such as C7025 from Olin Corp., as well as Eftec 64T from The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. The invention is, however, not limited to the use of these specific alloys. Rather, it contemplates use of any lead-frame material of sufficient hardness to withstand, alone or in combination with other features of the invention, wirebonding operations on leads made from the material and thinned to a thickness of less than the thickness of the lead-frame. 
     As to the support tape, current fabrication processes often employ an adhesive tape backing attached to the bottom surface  218  to further reinforce the lead-frame  101  during wirebonding. However, many current adhesive tapes adhere to the lead-frame  101  with insufficient strength, allowing for excessive bowing of the leads  212  at the bond sites  210 , and absorbing too much energy during wirebonding, thus yielding poor wire bonds. It has been found that adhesive tapes employing thermoplastic adhesives, that have greater adhesive properties than current lead-frame tapes, secure the lead-frame  101  and absorb reduced amounts of energy during wirebonding, so as to facilitate wirebonding on thinned leads  212 . For example, RT321 produced by Hitachi, Ltd. has been found to yield satisfactory wire bonds when employed in conjunction with other features of the invention. 
     As with the lead-frame material, the invention is of course not limited to the use of specific tapes. Rather, it contemplates use of any tape having sufficient adhesive properties to allow, alone or in combination with other features of the invention, wirebonding operations on leads that are thinned to a thickness of less than the thickness of the lead-frame. 
       FIGS. 6A–D  illustrate some such structural features employed in an embodiment of the invention to help facilitate direct wirebonding to a thinned lead. First, recall that tie bars  107  are employed to connect adjacent device areas  105 , as described above. Commonly, these tie bars  107  are simply straight sections of the lead-frame  101 . Often, the tie bars are thinned like the leads in order to reduce the amount of material that must be cut through during singulation. However, longitudinal ribs  402  and lateral ribs  400  can be added underneath the tie bar  107 . The lateral ribs  400  are placed adjacent to leads  212 , and extend toward the bond sites  210  of the leads  212  so as to provide extra support for the bond sites  210 . Such ribs  400  can also be placed at the opposite end of the lead  212 , so as to provide additional support from the other end of the bond site  210  as well. 
     In certain embodiments, it is preferable to configure the ribs  400 ,  401  with saw singulation in mind. More specifically, when the tie bars  107  are cut away during singulation, it is often preferable to cut away the rib supports as well, so as to minimize the amount of conductive surface exposed at the outer surface of the IC package. Thus, as shown in  FIG. 6C  for singulation by a saw blade of width W, the lateral ribs  400  can be configured to extend less than W/2 distance from the centerline of the tie bar  107  toward the bond site  210 , so that the entirety of the lateral rib  400  is cut away by the saw blade. 
     The longitudinal ribs  401  are intended to extend along the length of the tie bars. It should be noted that the presence of ribs  400 ,  401  adds material that must be sawed away during singulation. This extra material contributes to many process inefficiencies, such as reduced saw blade life, longer process time as more material must be cut away, etc. To help alleviate these issues, the longitudinal ribs are designed to be significantly narrower than the tie bars themselves. 
     In other embodiments, additional material can be removed from the tie bars  107 . For example, material along the centerline  404  of the tie bar can be etched away or otherwise removed, with thin connectors left connecting adjacent ribs  400 . In other words, adjacent ribs can be kept as single solid structures, connected only to each other. The invention includes any such configuration in which material is removed from the tie bars  107  to facilitate saw singulation without excessively compromising the structural integrity of the lead-frame  101 . 
     Leads  111  themselves can also be designed to assist in wirebonding to their half-etched portions. More specifically, the leads  111  in the lead portion  402  of the device area  105  are oriented generally in a “fan” configuration with the major axis of each lead  111  oriented toward the geometric center of the device area  105 . In this fashion, one of skill can see that more wirebonding loads are directed axially, where the leads  111  are stronger, rather than in a transverse direction, where they are weaker. 
     Method of Fabrication 
     A method of fabricating IC packages  200  is now described.  FIG. 7  illustrates process steps taken in the fabrication of such packages  200 . Many of the individual steps shown are not in themselves novel. However, the particular combination of process steps is believed to be novel. 
     The process begins with a semiconductor wafer, which is a standard configuration for fabricated ICs prior to dicing. A film adhesive such as a known B-stage adhesive is applied to the back side of the wafer (step  500 ), and the wafer is then diced (step  502 ). Dicing the wafer after application of the adhesive allows for application of the adhesive in a single operation and to a single body—the wafer—rather than in multiple operations to many individual IC dice. For B-stage adhesives or other adhesives that require heating prior to die attach, the dice are heated to the appropriate temperature and then attached to the die attach regions  109  of the device areas  105  (step  504 ). If necessary, the adhesive is then cured (step  506 ). Once the curing process is complete, the dice are wire bonded to the appropriate bond sites (step  508 ) and the lead-frame  101  is encapsulated (step  510 ), de-taped (step  512 ), and cured to harden the molding material (step  514 ). 
     Once the lead-frame  101  is encapsulated, serial numbers or other identification numbers can be imprinted on the outer surface of the encapsulation material (step  516 ), and the solder balls or other connectors can be attached. Recall that, as the package  200  is a BGA-type package from an external point of view, contact pads remain exposed on the underside of the package  200 . If solder-based connectors are employed, any oxidation is first cleaned from the contact pads  303  (step  518 ). The surfaces of the contact pads  303  are then treated appropriately, such as by application of Ni—Au plating if desired, or in some embodiments, simple cleaning with no other application of material to the pads  303 . Solder connectors are then attached to the contact pads  303 , such as by known reflow or ball attach processes (step  520 ). The individual packages can then be saw singulated (step  522 ), where they are then ready for inspection and/or testing (step  524 ). 
     The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the invention. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. For example, although a number of significant features of the illustrated micro-array packages have been described, it should be appreciated that the different features do not need to be used together. Rather, many of the described features may be employed individually or in subcombinations in different micro-array lead frame packages. 
     In the illustrated packages, the contact posts  113  were generally illustrated at the distal end of the leads  111  and most of the leads had a single contact post. However, these are not requirements. Rather, each lead can interconnect multiple contact posts  113 , and vice versa. 
     With respect to the described die attach structure feature, the struts need not be limited to swastika-shaped, or snowflake-shaped, configurations, but rather can assume any configuration that facilitates flow of the encapsulant material under the die and that prevents voids. Likewise, the leads of the die attach regions can be made of any lead-frame compatible material that is of sufficient hardness to facilitate wirebonding on their half-etched, or otherwise thinned, portions. Additionally, the contact pads can be generally square, generally oblong, or any non-circular shape that affords relatively greater surface area while maintaining appropriate metal-to-metal clearances. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.