Abstract:
A discharge apparatus for use with a bulk container of the kind having an outlet through which product is to be dispensed. The apparatus has an inlet end, an outlet end and a wall extending between said inlet end and said outlet end. The apparatus is configured for directing a flow of product from an outlet of a bulk container, and is further configured to permit relative movement between said inlet end and said outlet end between a retracted position and an extended position. The outlet end may take the form of a plate for supporting the lower end of the bulk container. The plate may be vibrated for assisting discharge of product from the bulk container.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/360,167 filed May 22, 2014, pending, which is the U.S. national phase of International Application No. PCT/GB2012/052880 filed Nov. 21, 2012 which designated the U.S. and claims priority to Great Britain Patent Application No. 1120153.0 filed Nov. 22, 2011, Great Britain Patent Application No. 1120590.3 filed Nov. 29, 2011 and Great Britain Patent Application No. 1214641.1 filed Aug. 16, 2012, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0002]    (Not Applicable) 
       TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0003]    The present invention relates to discharge apparatus, more particularly, but not exclusively, to a discharge device for use in discharging product from a bulk container, e.g. a flexible intermediate bulk container. The present invention further relates to a discharge assembly for bulk containers. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0004]    A flexible intermediate bulk container (FIBC), sometimes called a “big bag” or “bulk bag”, is a known term of art for a flexible container of the kind commonly used for transporting bulk quantities of loose, powdered or granular product, such as plastics, minerals, chemicals, agricultural products or foodstuffs. An example of an FIBC is indicated generally at  10  in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . The FIBC has a main body  16  in which product is stored and an outlet channel  18  leading to an opening  12  through which product can be discharged. 
         [0005]    To dispense product from the FIBC, the FIBC is often held on a frame or other support, with a valve arranged in communication with an outlet opening of the FIBC, so that the product can be selectively released from the FIBC. In some examples, a discharge device in the form of a rigid cone is used to funnel the flow of product from the outlet of the FIBC. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0006]    The present invention seeks to overcome or mitigate one or more problems associated with conventional discharge devices, particularly, but not exclusively, discharge devices used for dispensing product from an FIBC. 
         [0007]    A first aspect of the invention provides a discharge apparatus for use with a bulk container of the kind having an outlet through which product is to be dispensed, the discharge apparatus comprising: an inlet end, an outlet end, and a wall extending between said inlet end and said outlet end, wherein said inlet end is configured for receiving the lower end of a bulk container, said outlet end is configured for directing a flow of product from a bulk container received in the inlet end, and further wherein the apparatus is configured to allow relative movement between said inlet end and said outlet end to alter the distance between said inlet end and said outlet end. 
         [0008]    The ability to permit relative movement between the inlet end and the outlet end has multiple advantages. For example, the inlet end can be moved from a retracted state to an extended state during a discharge operation, in order to agitate the bulk container as the volume of product in the bulk container decreases. This can alleviate the need for manual intervention to discharge product trapped within the bulk container. 
         [0009]    The discharge apparatus is particularly suited for use with flexible or otherwise deformable bulk containers, such as flexible intermediate bulk containers or the like. 
         [0010]    The wall extending between the inlet end and the outlet end is flexible, so as to be able to change shape to accommodate for the relative movement between the inlet end and the outlet end. In exemplary embodiments, the wall consists of a flexible fabric material (e.g. the same as or similar to the material used to construct a conventional FIBC). In alternative embodiments, at least a portion of the wall may comprise a concertina-type construction. 
         [0011]    In the extended state, the inlet and outlet ends are spaced from each other. In the retracted state (e.g. collapsed state) the spacing between the inlet and outlet ends is reduced. In some embodiments, the inlet end is aligned or in near alignment with the outlet end, in the retracted state. 
         [0012]    In exemplary embodiments, the discharge apparatus is configured to change configuration from a retracted state to an extended state dependent upon the weight of product in the bulk container, e.g. so that the inlet end moves away from the outlet end as product is discharged from the container. 
         [0013]    In exemplary embodiments, the discharge apparatus is configured to support an outlet end of a bulk container and to collapse from an extended state to a retracted state dependent upon the weight of product in the bulk container, e.g. upon loading of a bulk container into the apparatus. 
         [0014]    The wall may define a cone in the extended state. A cone advantageously directs the product flow, providing a controlled discharge. 
         [0015]    The inlet and outlet ends may comprise concentric frame members. The inlet frame member and the outlet frame member may be substantially the same shape. In exemplary embodiments, the inlet frame member and/or the outlet frame member defines an annulus, e.g. having a continuous periphery. 
         [0016]    In exemplary embodiments, the inlet frame member and/or the outlet frame member is circular. In other embodiments, the inlet frame member and/or the outlet frame member may define a square, rectangular or other polygonal shape. 
         [0017]    In exemplary embodiments, the relative diameter of the frame members may be selected to define a desired cone angle in the extended state. 
         [0018]    The discharge apparatus may comprise an arrangement for moving the inlet end towards the bulk container during a discharge operation. For example, the inlet end may be configured to raise during a discharge operation, e.g. under the action of a spring or cylinder. The cylinder may be sprung, hydraulic or pneumatic. In embodiments where a cylinder is used, a wheel and runner mechanism may be used to guide extension of the cylinder so that the cylinders stay nominally in line to avoid problems when lifting a variable or out-of-balance load. 
         [0019]    In exemplary embodiments, said arrangement may include a biasing element, e.g. such as a spring or the like, which is configured to extend or retract dependent on the weight acting against it. In an example, the arrangement includes a roller spring arranged to change state from a retracted position to an extended position, dependent upon a weight acting on the apparatus during handling of a bulk container. 
         [0020]    The biasing element may be permanently or detachably connected to the inlet end of the discharge apparatus. 
         [0021]    In exemplary embodiments, the discharge apparatus includes a plurality of biasing elements acting in the same direction on the inlet end (e.g. four equally spaced spring elements or cylinders). 
         [0022]    In exemplary embodiments, the discharge apparatus includes a valve for communication with the outlet of the bulk container. The valve can be operated between open and closed states for selectively discharging product from a bulk container via the discharge apparatus. 
         [0023]    Typically, the outlet of bulk the container will comprise a conduit through which product flows during discharge. In exemplary embodiments, the valve is arranged below the outlet end of the discharge apparatus, such that the outlet conduit of a bulk container must pass through the inlet and outlet ends of the discharge apparatus for connection to the valve. 
         [0024]    The discharge apparatus may be configured to permit relative movement between the outlet end and the valve, e.g. for agitating any portion of a bulk container extending between the outlet end and the valve. Advantageously, this arrangement enables full discharge of the bulk container so that it is nominally empty, which further alleviates the need for manual intervention to discharge the container. Typically, this may involve stretching out the outlet conduit of the container (e.g. by increasing the distance between the outlet end and the valve), thereby causing material held within the outlet conduit to be dislodged. 
         [0025]    The inlet and outlet ends may be supported on a frame. The frame may be configured for suspending a bulk container above the outlet end. In exemplary embodiments, the bulk container may be suspended from sides of the frame or from a crossbar extending between sides of the frame, e.g. via an attachment on the sides of the frame or on a cross bar extending between the sides of the frame. 
         [0026]    The frame may be provided in two detachable parts. For example, the frame may have an upper end from which a bulk container may be suspended (e.g. movement therewith, using a fork lift) and a lower end on which the inlet and outlet ends may be supported. The biasing elements may also be attached to or supported on the lower frame. For example, the biasing elements may be attached to the frame or positioned within the frame structure (e.g. the frame may be made from hollow bar and the biasing element may be housed therein). 
         [0027]    The upper end of the frame may be movable relative to the lower end of the frame, for lifting an upper end of a bulk container away from the outlet end of the discharge apparatus. This enables slack in the walls of the container to be accounted for during discharge from the container, reducing the likelihood of product becoming trapped by the side walls of the container. 
         [0028]    The discharge apparatus may include a container wall for fully or partially surrounding or supporting an outer wall or the sides of the bulk container. The container wall provides security for the bulk container. The container wall may be made from a flexible material. The container wall may be releasably connected to the frame. The releasable connection of the container to the frame permits ease of access when removing and reattaching a bulk container to the frame. For example the container wall may be made from a flexible material and the container wall may be connected to the frame via loops, that may be formed on the container wall. 
         [0029]    The discharge apparatus may comprise a support plate for supporting the lower end of a bulk container. The support plate may include an outlet region through which the outlet of a bulk container may extend when supported on the support plate. The discharge apparatus may comprise a vibration unit for vibrating said support plate, e.g. for selectively vibrating said support plate. In exemplary embodiments, the support plate comprises the outlet end of the apparatus. 
         [0030]    The discharge apparatus may include a vibration applicator arranged for applying vibration to the inlet end and/or the outlet end for facilitating discharge of the contents of a bulk container in communication with the discharge apparatus. 
         [0031]    In exemplary embodiments, the lower end of the bulk container is loaded onto and supported by the support plate, with the outlet of the container arranged to extend through the outlet region of the support plate. Typically, this means that the bulk container is arranged with its outlet lowermost, so that product may flow through the outlet under gravity. Vibration of the support plate has the effect of undermining any consolidation of the product stored in the container, greatly assisting in encouraging the product to flow towards the outlet of the container. 
         [0032]    Other features of the first aspect are set forth in the appended claims. 
         [0033]    A second aspect of the invention provides a discharge apparatus for use with a bulk container of the kind having an outlet through which product is to be dispensed, the discharge apparatus comprising: a support plate for supporting a bulk container, the support plate including an outlet region through which the outlet of a bulk container may extend when supported on the support plate; and a vibration unit for selectively vibrating said support plate. 
         [0034]    In use, the lower end of the bulk container is loaded onto and supported by the support plate, with the outlet of the container arranged to extend through the outlet region of the support plate. Typically, this means that the bulk container is arranged with its outlet lowermost, so that product may flow through the outlet under gravity. Vibration of the support plate has the effect of undermining any consolidation of the product stored in the container, greatly assisting in encouraging the product to flow towards the outlet of the container. 
         [0035]    The support plate may be a flat plate having an aperture which defines the outlet region. When the bulk container is a flexible bulk container or otherwise comprises a flexible portion at the lower end of the container, the use of a flat plate permits the container to have and maintain a generally flat-bottomed shape during discharge, and eliminates the risk of the lower sides of the bulk container collapsing inwards and inhibiting smooth flow of product within the bulk container towards the outlet. 
         [0036]    In exemplary embodiments, the support plate has a diameter or area greater than the diameter or area of the end of the container intended to be supported on the plate. This ensures that the end of the container is fully supported on the plate. 
         [0037]    The discharge apparatus may comprise a detector (e.g. an optical detector) for detecting product flow and an actuator for selectively actuating the vibration unit in response to a signal from the detector. The detector allows for automatic vibration of the support plate if a problem arises during discharge, e.g. if the product is not flowing freely through the outlet of the container. 
         [0038]    The discharge apparatus may comprise a frame for supporting the support plate. The upper end of the bulk container may be attached to the frame, and the frame may be configured for raising the upper end of the container relative to the support plate. For example, the frame may comprise two parts: an upper part for connection of the upper end of a bulk container and a discharge part which includes the support plate. The upper part may be movable relative to the discharge part, for lifting the upper end of the bulk container away from the support plate. This enables slack in the walls of the container to be accounted for during discharge from the container, reducing the likelihood of product becoming trapped by the side walls of the container. 
         [0039]    In exemplary embodiments, one or more cylinders are provided for driving the upper part of the frame relative to the discharge part. 
         [0040]    In exemplary embodiments, the support plate forms part of a discharge device of the kind having an inlet end (e.g. an annulus into which the lower end of a bulk container may be positioned), an outlet end (e.g. said support plate), and a wall extending between said inlet end and said outlet end, wherein the lower end of the bulk container is intended to be arranged inside the inlet end, said outlet end is configured for directing a flow of product from said bulk container, and further wherein the apparatus is configured to provide relative movement between said inlet end and said outlet end, and thereby alter the distance between said inlet end and said outlet end. 
         [0041]    The ability to permit relative movement between the inlet end and the outlet end has multiple advantages. For example, the inlet end can be moved from a retracted state to an extended state during a discharge operation, in order to agitate the bulk container as the volume of product in the bulk container decreases. This can alleviate the need for manual intervention to discharge product trapped within the bulk container. 
         [0042]    In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus includes an arrangement for moving the inlet end relative to the outlet end. In exemplary embodiments, the arrangement is configured to raise the position of the inlet end relative to said outlet end. 
         [0043]    In exemplary embodiments, the wall between said inlet end and said outlet end is of flexible construction, e.g. a flexible fabric material. 
         [0044]    In exemplary embodiments, the discharge device is configured to change configuration of the inlet end from a retracted state to an extended state, e.g. dependent upon the weight of product in the bulk container. Exemplary embodiments, the comprise one or more cylinders for driving the inlet end away from the outlet end. 
         [0000]    In exemplary embodiments, the device is operable between a first state in which the inlet and outlet ends are arranged at a first spacing, and a second state in which the inlet and outlet ends are arranged at a second spacing, greater than said first spacing, and wherein the wall defines a cone in the second state. 
         [0045]    Exemplary embodiments include a valve for communication with the outlet of a bulk container and operable between open and closed states for selectively discharging product from the bulk container. In exemplary embodiments, the valve is arranged beneath said outlet end, and the apparatus is configured to permit relative movement between said outlet end and the valve. 
         [0046]    In exemplary embodiments, the apparatus comprises a container wall arranged supporting an outer or side wall of a bulk container arranged in communication with the outlet end of the apparatus. 
         [0047]    The discharge apparatus of the second aspect may comprise any combination of features of the first aspect. 
         [0048]    A third aspect of the invention provides a discharge assembly comprising: a bulk container having an outlet through which product is to be dispensed; and a discharge apparatus according to the first or second aspect of the invention. 
         [0049]    A fourth aspect of the invention provides a discharge assembly comprising: a bulk container having an outlet through which product is to be dispensed; a discharge device having an inlet end, an outlet end, and a wall extending between said inlet and said outlet end, wherein the discharge device defines a passageway or conduit for directing a flow of product from the bulk container, and the assembly includes an arrangement for moving the inlet end of the discharge device against the bulk container. 
         [0050]    In exemplary embodiments, the assembly includes an arrangement for moving the inlet end relative to the outlet end, e.g. to raise the position of the inlet end relative to said outlet end. 
         [0051]    In exemplary embodiments, the wall between said inlet end and said outlet end is of flexible construction, e.g. a flexible fabric material. 
         [0052]    In exemplary embodiments, the device includes a support plate for supporting the lower end of a bulk container, and a vibration unit for vibrating said support plate. In exemplary embodiments, the outlet end of the discharge device comprises the support plate. In exemplary embodiments, the support plate is a flat plate having an aperture which defines an outlet region through which the outlet of a bulk container can extend when supported on the support plate. 
         [0053]    Exemplary embodiments include a detector for detecting product flow, and an actuator for selectively actuating the vibration unit in response to a signal from the detector. 
         [0054]    In exemplary embodiments, the discharge device is configured to move the inlet end from a retracted state to an extended state. Exemplary embodiments include one or more cylinders for driving the inlet end away from the outlet end. 
         [0055]    In exemplary embodiments, the device is operable between a first state in which the inlet and outlet ends are arranged at a first spacing, and a second state in which the inlet and outlet ends are arranged at a second spacing, greater than said first spacing, and wherein the wall defines a cone in the second state. 
         [0056]    In exemplary embodiments, the device includes a valve for communication with the outlet of a bulk container and operable between open and closed states for selectively discharging product from the bulk container. In exemplary embodiments, the valve is arranged beneath said outlet end, and the assembly is configured to permit relative movement between said outlet end and the valve. 
         [0057]    Exemplary embodiments include a container wall arranged supporting an outer or side wall of a bulk container arranged in communication with the outlet end of the apparatus. 
         [0058]    In exemplary embodiments, the assembly comprises a frame to which the upper end of a bulk container may be attached, wherein the assembly is configured for raising the upper end of the container relative to the outlet end of the device. In exemplary embodiments, the frame includes an upper part to which the upper end of a bulk container may be attached, a discharge part on which the outlet end is supported, and wherein the upper part is movable relative to the discharge part, for lifting the upper end of the bulk container away from the outlet end of the discharge device. 
         [0059]    The discharge device may include any combination of the features of the discharge apparatus of the first aspect of the invention. 
         [0060]    The discharge assembly of the third or fourth aspects may be a fixed hopper station, a fixed surge hopper or silo, or a transportable assembly (i.e. non-fixed). 
         [0061]    A fifth aspect of the invention provides a method of dispensing product from a bulk container of the kind having a body for containing product and a channel or other outlet conduit having an opening through which product can be dispensed, the method comprising: providing a discharge device having an inlet end and an outlet end; positioning the lower end of the bulk container inside the inlet end of the device, arranging the outlet conduit of the bulk container to extend through said outlet end of the discharge device; connecting a valve to the outlet conduit to selectively permit product to be discharge from the bulk container; and moving the inlet end of the discharge device relative to the outlet end during discharge of product from the bulk container. 
         [0062]    In exemplary embodiments, the inlet end is moved against the body of the bulk container. 
         [0063]    In exemplary embodiments, the discharge device forms part of a discharge apparatus in accordance with the first aspect of the invention. 
         [0064]    A sixth aspect of the invention provides a method of dispensing product from a bulk container of the kind having a body for containing product and a channel or other outlet conduit having an opening through which product can be dispensed, the method comprising: providing a discharge device having a support plate with an outlet aperture, and a vibration unit for vibrating the support plate; positioning a lower end of the bulk container on the support plate; arranging the outlet conduit of the bulk container to extend through the outlet aperture of said support plate; connecting a valve to the outlet conduit; opening the valve to permit product to discharge from the bulk container; and selectively vibrating said support plate to promote flow of product from the container. 
         [0065]    In exemplary embodiments, the discharge device forms part of a discharge apparatus in accordance with the second aspect of the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0066]    Embodiment(s) of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings of which: 
           [0067]      FIG. 1  shows a perspective view of a flexible intermediate bulk container; 
           [0068]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the bulk container of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0069]      FIG. 3  is a schematic side view of a discharge assembly incorporating a discharge apparatus in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention (shown in section); 
           [0070]      FIG. 4  is a schematic side view of the assembly of  FIG. 3 ; 
           [0071]      FIG. 5  is a further schematic side view of the assembly of  FIG. 3 ; 
           [0072]      FIGS. 6 to 10  show a front view of a discharge assembly incorporating a discharge apparatus in accordance with a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, each figure illustrating a step in a method of using said discharge assembly; and 
           [0073]      FIGS. 11 to 19  show a front view of a discharge assembly used as a fixed hopper, each figure illustrating a step in a method of using said discharge assembly. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0074]    Referring firstly to  FIGS. 3 to 5 , a discharge assembly is indicated generally at  20 . 
         [0075]    A bulk container (in particular, a flexible intermediate bulk container  10 ) is supported for a discharge operation on a rectangular frame. Although not visible in the drawings, the frame is square in plan view, having four legs  23  at corner regions of the frame, and cross bars  25   a ,  25   b  extending between the legs  23  at the upper and lower ends of the frame. 
         [0076]    In this embodiment, the frame is formed in two parts: an upper or suspension part  22  and a lower or discharge part  24 . The suspension part  22  seats on the discharge part at connectors  21 . The connectors  21  may be offset from one another, to ensure correct positioning of the suspension part  22  on the discharge part  24 . 
         [0077]    A discharge device  40  is provided for controlled discharge of product from the container  10 . The discharge device  40  is of variable configuration. More particularly, the discharge device  40  has an inlet part  30  and an outlet part  32 , and the inlet part  30  is movable relative to the outlet part  32 . 
         [0078]    The inlet part  30  and outlet part  32  define concentric annuli (e.g. of circular or any other polygonal shape). In alternative embodiments, the outer perimeter of the inlet part  30  and/or outlet part  32  may be a different shape to the aperture defined by the annulus. For example, the outer perimeter of the inlet part  30  and/or outlet part  32  may be square or rectangular and the aperture may be circular. In this embodiment, the inlet and outlet parts  30 ,  32  are circular and each define a circular aperture. 
         [0079]    A wall  34  extends between the inlet part  30  and the outlet part  32 . In this example the wall is a flexible wall. The inlet part  30 , the outlet part  32 , and the wall  34  define a passageway  35  for directing a flow of product from the FIBC  10 . 
         [0080]    A biasing element  28  is connected to each leg  23  of the frame, such that there are four biasing elements in this embodiment (only two of which are shown in the Figures). In this embodiment, the biasing elements  28  are roller springs arranged to pull on the inlet part  30  of the discharge device  40 , for urging the inlet part  30  in an upward direction. Hence, the inlet part  30  of the discharge device  40  is biased towards an extended state in which the inlet part  30  is spaced above the outlet part  32 . 
         [0081]    In alternative embodiments, other suitable biasing elements may be used. For example, a hydraulic, pneumatic or sprung cylinder arrangement may be used (as indicated at  29  in  FIG. 4 ). 
         [0082]    A hook or other connection point  26  is provided on the legs  23  of the suspension part  22  of the frame, for connection of the container  10 , e.g. via loops  14  provided at the upper end of the container  10 . In some embodiments, multiple hooks or connection points  26  may be positioned on each leg  23 , so as to provide a variety of positions for connection of the container  10 . Alternatively or in addition, one or more hooks or connection points  26  may be provided on the cross bar  25   a  of the suspension part  22  of the frame. 
         [0083]    Typically, a forklift will be used to position the suspension part  22  over the upper end of a container  10  of product, the container will be connected to the suspension part and then carried by the suspension part  22  for positioning on the discharge part  24  of the frame. 
         [0084]    The container  10  includes an outlet conduit  18  having an opening  12  through which product may be discharged from the container  10 . The discharge device  40  includes a valve  36  (beneath the outlet part  32 ) to which the outlet conduit can be connected, e.g. in a dust-tight manner, for controlling the discharge of product from the container  10 . In use, the outlet conduit  18  is arranged to extend through the inlet and outlet parts  30 ,  32  of the discharge device  40  for connection to the valve  36 . 
         [0085]    When a loaded container  10  is first arranged on the frame in the manner illustrated, the lower end of the container  10  is supported on the discharge device  40 . Dependent on the weight of product in the container  10 , the discharge device  40  will assume a collapsed state, e.g. as shown in  FIG. 3 , in which the flexible wall  34  of the discharge device  40  is in a collapsed or folded configuration, and the inlet part  30  is arranged at a reduced spacing or level with the outlet part  32  against the action of the biasing elements  28 . 
         [0086]    When the valve  36  is opened, product may begin to discharge from the container  10 . This reduces the weight of product acting on the discharge device  40 . Gradually, as more product is discharged and the weight is further reduced, the biasing elements  28  act to pull the inlet part  30  of the discharge device  40  in an upward direction away from the outlet part  32 , driving the inlet part against the container  10 . Hence, the spacing between the inlet end  30  and the outlet end  32  increases, causing the flexible wall  34  to become progressively unfolded until the discharge device  40  reaches a fully extended state, e.g. as shown in  FIG. 4 . In this embodiment, the discharge device  40  defines a cone-shaped passageway  35  between the inlet and outlet parts  30 ,  32  in the extended state. 
         [0087]    This movement of the discharge device  40  from a collapsed state to an extended state has been found to improve the discharge of product from the FIBC, particularly for consolidated product. 
         [0088]    During discharge, the outlet end  32  of the discharge device  40  remains generally stationary, at least until the discharge device  40  assumes a fully extended state. However, in exemplary embodiments, the discharge device  40  is configured to enable the outlet part  32  to move upwards away from the valve  36 , under the action of the biasing elements  28  when the discharge device  40  has reached its fully extended state (e.g. with the flexible wall  34  under tension). In effect, the biasing elements  28  serve to pull the inlet and outlet ends upwards relative to the valve  36  (e.g. as shown in  FIG. 5 ). This movement will extend and/or agitate the outlet conduit  18  of the container  10 , so as to discharge any product that may be held within any creases in the conduit  18  etc. 
         [0089]    When the discharge assembly  20  is used on a production line, it may be desirable to have multiple discharge assemblies in storage, e.g. with a container  10  attached to an associated discharge device  40 . When a replacement container  10  is required, the whole discharge assembly  20  can be moved to a discharge site. For example, the whole discharge assembly  20  may be fork lifted to and located at the required discharge point. Alternatively, the whole discharge assembly  20  may be brought on stream automatically. 
         [0090]    Alternatively, the discharge assembly  20  may be a fixed discharge station. In such an embodiment, the bulk container  10  can be loaded, for example by fork truck or hoist, onto the frame  22 ,  24 . Once discharged, the bulk container  10  can be removed from the frame  22 ,  24 . 
         [0091]    Advantageously, the configuration of the discharge assembly  20  is such that the head room required for the discharge assembly is fixed, i.e. it is defined by the frame parts  22 ,  24 . The movement of the inlet end  30  and/or outlet end  32  within the volume defined by the frame improves discharge efficiency without the need to increase the head height. 
         [0092]    The movement of the inlet part  30  away from the outlet part  32  permits the discharge device to form a passageway to direct flow of product from the container whilst also agitating the product in the container, thereby improving the flow of product from the container. Furthermore, subsequent movement of the outlet part away from the valve  36  means that the contents of the container are further agitated, and any product caught within any creases in the outlet conduit  18  can be displaced. Thus, discharge assemblies of the type described herein enable improved discharge efficiency. This is particularly important when the product contained in the FIBC is expensive, and/or when operative time needs to be minimised (e.g. with little or no manual intervention). 
         [0093]    A further embodiment of a discharge assembly  120  is shown in  FIGS. 6 to 9 . Features similar to the features of the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1 to 5  are given similar reference numerals but with a pre-fix of “1”. 
         [0094]    As with the previous embodiments, the discharge assembly  120  includes a discharge device  140  having first and second parts  130 ,  132  with a flexible wall  134  connected therebetween, wherein the first part  130  is movable (upwards) away from the second part  132 , to transfer the wall  134  from a collapsed state to and extended state in which the device  140  defines a cone. 
         [0095]    In this embodiment, the first part  130  defines a ring having an internal diameter which is generally greater than the diameter of the container intended for use with the device  140 , e.g. an FIBC, so that the lower end of the container can pass through the ring and be supported by the cone when the device  140  in the extended state. 
         [0096]    In the collapsed state, the first part  130  sits on an upper surface of the second part  132 . The second part  132  takes the form of a flat support plate. In this embodiment, the support plate  132  is round and is dimensioned to correspond at least to the dimensions of the base of the FIBC  10 . The support plate  132  has a central aperture which in this embodiment is a circular hole of a size suitable to allow the outlet conduit of the container  110  to pass through e.g. for connection to a discharge valve. 
         [0097]    A vibration unit  152  is mounted on an underside of the support plate  132  and is operable to vibrate the support plate  132 . 
         [0098]    The discharge assembly  120  includes a transfer section or conduit  154  extending between an outlet of the discharge device  140  and a lower region of the discharge assembly  120 , for transferring product discharged from the bulk container  110 . 
         [0099]    A detector  156  is provided in the conduit  154 , for detecting the level of product within the collar, and therefore the effectiveness of the flow of product from the bulk container. The detector  156  in this embodiment is an optical detector, but in alternative embodiments the detector may be any suitable detector. 
         [0100]    The conduit  154  communicates with a feeder  158  for communicating the discharged product to a desired location. The feeder  158  may also include a vibration unit for agitating the product within the feeder  158 . 
         [0101]    In this embodiment, cylinders  128  (e.g. hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders) are used to lift the first part  130  of the discharge device  140  away from the support plate  132 . The cylinders  128  are housed in the legs  123  of the frame (which are of hollow box section). The cylinders  128  include a piston which moves in a vertical direction, in order to raise the first part  130  of the discharge device  140 . Each piston includes a wheeled runner which travels in contact with the inside of the leg  123  to ensure the cylinders stay nominally in line, and avoid jamming that might otherwise occur when lifting a variable or out of balance load. 
         [0102]    In this embodiment, the upper frame  122  is configured to be movable in an upward direction, for lifting the upper end of the container during or after a discharge operation. In this embodiment this is achieved using cylinders (e.g. hydraulic or pneumatic), but any suitable means may be provided. The effect is to stretch the container from a loose, substantially empty state after movement of the discharge device to its extended state, and ensure that any trapped product is shaken out. 
         [0103]    An additional vibration unit (not shown) may be provided on the inlet ring  130 . For example, the inlet may be vibrated when the inlet is lifted, and/or after the inlet has been lifted, to cause the wall of the cone to vibrate the cone and promote product flow. 
         [0104]    Use of the discharge assembly shown in  FIGS. 6 to 9  will now be described. Of course in some embodiments, where appropriate, the following steps may be performed in an alternative order. 
         [0105]    Referring to  FIG. 6 , the upper end of the FIBC  110  is connected to the suspension part  122  of the frame (e.g. via an attachment part  126  mounted on the cross beam  125   a ). The suspension part  122  is then lifted onto the discharge part  120 , so that the lower end of the FIBC  110  is located within the ring  130 , with the outlet conduit extending through the aperture in the support plate  132  (as shown in  FIG. 7 ). The outlet conduit is then connected to the transfer section  154  in dust tight manner. 
         [0106]    Referring to  FIG. 8 , the outlet conduit is then opened, for example by untying the end or opening a valve. Product is then released from the FIBC  110  into the transfer section  154  and to the feeder  158 . 
         [0107]    The lower end of the container  110  sits on the flat plate  132 . The vibration unit  152  may be manually actuated. Vibration of the plate  132  undermines the product within the container and promotes flow through the outlet conduit. The vibration unit  152  can be activated intermittently or left running permanently, if desired or required. However, in exemplary embodiments, operation of the unit  152  is controlled automatically, in response to signals from the detector. In particular, if the detector recognises that the outlet conduit is full of product, the vibration unit is switched off or remains inactive. However, if the detector recognises that the outlet conduit is empty (i.e. indicative that the product within the container has ceased to flow), the vibration unit is activated. This may be continuous activation until the detector recognises that the conduit is full again, or for a set time period, e.g. 30 seconds. 
         [0108]    Referring to  FIG. 9 , as the product is released from the FIBC, the cylinders  128  are used to lift the first part  130  of the discharge device  140  upwardly away from the plate  132 . This may be a gradual movement (e.g. dependent upon a rate of change of weight on the plate), or a single step movement from collapsed position to the extended position. Movement of the first part  130  to the extended position creates the cone shape, and this serves to better direct product out of the container  110 . 
         [0109]    Referring to  FIG. 10 , once a large proportion of the contents of the FIBC have been emptied, the cylinders are used to lift the suspension part  122  of the frame. This in turn tensions the sides of the FIBC preventing product from resting in creases of the FIBC and further improving the discharge of product from the FIBC. 
         [0110]    During the discharge process described above, if the detector indicates a low level of product discharge, the vibration unit  152  on the plate  132  to improve the discharge of product from the discharge device. 
         [0111]    Although the invention has been described above with reference to one or more exemplary embodiments, it will be appreciated that various changes or modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. 
         [0112]    For example, the FIBC may not be suspended from a frame, but may instead be suspended from a crane or other object, wherein the lower end of the FIBC is supported on the discharge device in such a way as to enable the discharge device to move from a collapsed state to an extended state during the discharge of product from the FIBC, with the upper end of the discharge device driven or otherwise urged upwards against the FIBC, e.g. under the influence of biasing elements  28 . 
         [0113]    In an exemplary embodiment, the biasing element, in particular a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, may be arranged to push against the load of the FIBC to push the inlet end of the discharge device upwards, rather than being arranged to pull the inlet upwards. Such an arrangement is particularly useful when the FIBC contains a low density product. 
         [0114]    The above described discharge devices and discharge assemblies are suitable for use with ‘big’ bag such as an FIBC. The framework of the discharge assembly allows the FIBC to be fork-trucked to and located at the required discharge point. Alternatively, the frame could be brought on stream automatically or fetched from a remote location. 
         [0115]    Trials have shown that it is possible for the FIBC to be loaded by fork-truck or hoist onto the discharge device and removed once discharged. This can improve the cycle time of the product discharge process, as well as increase productivity in the number of FIBC&#39;s capable of being handled at any one time. 
         [0116]    The concepts described above are equally applicable to fixed discharge stations, including for smaller discharge applications from a container of any size and product (e.g. using bulk containers smaller than conventional FIBCs). 
         [0117]    For example, the above described embodiments can be scaled down or modified for use as a small fixed station, to replace existing systems such as the “Pack Off Weigh Module”, which will be familiar to a person skilled in the art. The embodiment shown in  FIGS. 6 to 10  offers the benefit of an in-built flat bed vibration plate and flexible cone, making it very suitable for difficult powders during the packing off phase. 
         [0118]    The invention can improve discharge capabilities either where difficult powders are handled or where improved discharge performance is a pre-requisite. Further, the discharge device and discharge assembly lends itself to being adapted for critical process applications. 
         [0119]      FIGS. 11 to 19  illustrate another embodiment of a discharge assembly, ideally suited for use as a ‘fixed hopper’ type discharge station. 
         [0120]    Many features of the discharge assembly shown in  FIGS. 11 to 15  are similar to the features shown in  FIGS. 6 to 10  (and  FIGS. 3 to 5 ), and as such similar reference numerals are used but with a prefix “2” instead of “1”. Features of the discharge assembly  220  similar to the features previously described are not described here in detail. 
         [0121]    A significant difference of this embodiment is the provision of a container wall  270 , which defines a barrier around the sides of the bulk container  210 , providing additional strength and security. The container wall  270  is designed to contact the sides of the bulk container  210  when the bulk container is at full product capacity or fully inflated with air or any suitable gas such as nitrogen, such that the container wall  270  provides a support for the walls of the bulk container  210 . 
         [0122]    The container wall  270  is a flexible material that can be collapsed, e.g. during movement of the discharge device or alternatively can be lifted with the outlet and inlet part of the discharge device minimising wrinkling. In this embodiment, the bulk container  210  is a flexible intermediate bulk container (FIBC), and the container wall  270  is made from a similar flexible material as the FIBC (e.g. conventional FIBC fabric material). 
         [0123]    The upper end of the container wall  270  is connected to the frame via loops  276  on the wall  270  and a hook or other type of fastener  272  on the frame, allowing for quick release of the container wall  270  from the frame. The quick release fastening and the flexible nature of the container allows for ease of access for when changing the bulk container, for example. The lower end of the container wall  270  is sealingly attached to the discharge device, to prevent egress of product in the event of a spillage from the bulk container  210 . 
         [0124]      FIGS. 11 to 19  show the stages of using the discharge assembly  220  as a fixed hopper station. Product flow is indicated by the dotted area  274 . Firstly an empty FIBC  210  is carried by hand or preferably using a fork lift or hoist and positioned within a volume defined by the frame  222 ,  224  of the discharge device  240 . Then, referring now to  FIG. 12 , the loops  214  of the FIBC  210  are hooked on to the connection point  226  of the suspension end  222  of the frame. 
         [0125]    Referring to  FIG. 13 , the container wall  270  is then reconnected to the suspension end  222  of the frame so as to surround the sides of the FIBC  210 . The FIBC  210  is then inflated using low pressure air or any suitable gas such as nitrogen (indicated by arrow  278 ) to shape the FIBC  210  to the full volume shape. 
         [0126]    Referring now to  FIG. 14 , product  274  is introduced into the FIBC  210 . The container wall  270  provides support for the walls of the FIBC  210  to prevent the FIBC  210  from bulging outwards and away from the desired shape. 
         [0127]      FIG. 15  shows the discharge assembly  220  when fully charged with product  274 . The valve  236  may then be opened and product  274  discharged.  FIG. 16  shows the discharge assembly  220  with the product  274  partially discharged. 
         [0128]    Referring to  FIG. 17 , the inlet part  230  of the discharge device  240  is then moved away from the outlet part  232  of the discharge device  240 , such that the inlet part  230 , outlet part  232 , and the flexible wall  234  form a cone shape. Such movement improves the flow of product  274  out of the FIBC  210 . The support plate  225  can be vibrated, using a vibration motor  280  connected to an underside of the support plate  225 , as necessary to achieve improved discharge of product and permit the FIBC  210  to be fully or nearly fully emptied, as shown in  FIG. 18 . 
         [0129]    It may be then desired that the FIBC  210  is refilled with product  274  for dispensing. In such cases, before the emptied FIBC  210  is refilled with product, the FIBC is inflated to its full volume shape. 
         [0130]    When it is desired that the fixed hopper station be used for dispensing a different product, the FIBC  210  is removed from the discharge assembly  220  and a new FIBC is connected to the suspension end  222  of the frame in the manner previously described. To remove the FIBC  210  from the discharge assembly  220 , the container wall  270  is released from the frame. The flexible nature of the container wall enables the wall to be pulled down towards the support plate  225  so as to expose the sides of the FIBC  210 . The FIBC  210  can then be released from the suspension end  222  of the frame. 
         [0131]    The embodiments described herein provide significant improvements over conventional discharge systems, such as quick release and replacement of a bulk container. In ‘fixed hopper’ applications, the discharge systems described herein avoid the need for hopper clean down in most circumstances, reducing the time for a product change and significantly reducing the risk of cross contamination. 
         [0132]    The invention is further particularly beneficial when used as a fixed hopper as a result of the ‘headroom’ saving that can be achieved. Further, for those embodiments which incorporate a vibration unit as part of the discharge device, the vibration unit can operate to vibrate the support plate when the discharge valve is closed. Such operation can flatten the natural angle of (fill) repose of the product within the new container and therefore maximise the fill volume for a given headroom. 
         [0133]    In a further embodiment the discharge device may be a site fixed surge hopper or small silo. In such applications the above described embodiments can be used to improve the discharge capabilities, particularly when difficult powders are handled or where improved discharge performance is a pre-requisite. 
         [0134]    In any of the above described embodiments, when a new flexible intermediate bulk container  210  is introduced into the assembly  220 , a flow of low pressure air may be introduced into the flexible bulk container  210  to shape the container to its full volume operational state. 
         [0135]    While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.