Abstract:
Sensors, devices, systems, devices, and methods for providing wireless modular self-contained units with battery power supply that can use radar, ultrasonic, and IR measuring techniques and sensors for directional detection of impeding objects, persons, or moving targets, and can be used with mobile smart phones and the like. The modular sensor units can be used as a displacement and motion measurement sensor for point of reference measurement applications. The displacement sensing method can use radar, ultrasonic, and IR measuring techniques for directional detection of impeding objects, persons, or moving targets. Upon the detection of the said target, algorithms make use of the direction, angle of ascent, and speed to provide real time position data represented in discrete format. The said sensors are modular in embodiment allowing for multiple sensors to be positioned in strategic regions on the person or system of interest to study the said frame using the method of moments to dissect the object in varying degrees of granularity. The sensor shall connect wirelessly to a mobile handheld (i.e. the end user&#39;s smartphone) device for real-time data acquisition along with seamless integration into an existing IMU only based system requiring information beyond six degrees of freedom as normally represented by gyros, and accelerometers.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/310,708 filed Mar. 19, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by specific reference thereto. 
     
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0002]    This invention relates to sensors, and in particular to sensors, devices, systems, devices, and methods for providing wireless modular self-contained units with battery power supply that can use radar, ultrasonic, and IR measuring techniques and sensors for directional detection of impeding objects, persons, or moving targets, and can be used with mobile smart phones and the like. Upon the detection of the said target, algorithms make use of the direction, angle of ascent, and speed to provide real time position data represented in discrete format. Separate modular units each with multiple sensors to be positioned in strategic regions on the person or system of interest to study the said frame using the method of moments to dissect the object in varying degrees of granularity. The wireless modular units can be used for real-time data acquisition along with seamless integration into an existing IMU (inertial measuring unit) only based system requiring information beyond six degrees of freedom as normally represented by gyros, and accelerometers. The IMU can include a sensor that measures forces acting on a body in motion or at rest. In an automobile, an IMU would measure acceleration of the vehicle which is useful in engaging the cruise control system. 
       BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART 
       [0003]    Many types of sensors generally use either sonar or IR (infrared) sensors positioned off object and rely on the system in motion to travel towards the sensor in a predetermined path of motion. Furthermore the 6 degrees of freedom based systems are encumbered by the gravity vector associated with the accelerometers and require sophisticated filters to address such issues. The prior art sensors are also generally encumbered by drift which in turn can be quite inaccurate where precision displacement information is needed as say in a physics classroom experiment. Since these sensors require careful placement, the setup for said experiments can be more cumbersome than the experiment itself. 
         [0004]    Thus, the need exists for solutions to the above problems with the prior art. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    A primary objective of the present invention is to provide sensors, devices, systems, devices, and methods using wireless modular self-contained units with battery power supply that can use IR (infra-red) and/or radar, and/or ultrasonic measuring techniques and sensors for directional detection of impeding objects, persons, or moving targets, and can be used with mobile smart phones and the like. 
         [0006]    A secondary objective of the present invention is to provide sensors, devices, systems, devices, and methods using wireless modular self-contained units with battery power supply that can use IR (infra-red) and/or radar, and/or ultrasonic measuring techniques and sensors, where upon the detection of the said target, algorithms make use of the direction, angle of ascent, and speed to provide real time position data represented in discrete format. 
         [0007]    A third objective of the present invention is to provide sensors, devices, systems, devices, and methods using wireless modular self-contained units with battery power supply that can use IR (infra-red) and/or radar, and/or ultrasonic measuring techniques and sensors, where separate modular units each with multiple sensors to be positioned in strategic regions on the person or system of interest to study the said frame using the method of moments to dissect the object in varying degrees of granularity. 
         [0008]    A fourth objective of the present invention is to provide sensors, devices, systems, devices, and methods using wireless modular self-contained units with battery power supply that can use IR (infra-red) and/or radar, and/or ultrasonic measuring techniques and sensors, where the wireless modular units can be used for real-time data acquisition along with seamless integration into an existing IMU only based system requiring information beyond six degrees of freedom as normally represented by gyros, and accelerometers. 
         [0009]    A fifth objective of the present invention is to provide sensors, devices, systems, devices, and methods using wireless modular self-contained units with battery power supply that can use IR (infra-red) and/or radar, and/or ultrasonic measuring techniques and sensors, to allow the physics students or researcher the opportunity to deduce motion from both the integrals of acceleration, and the derivative of displacement vectors. In doing so we are providing the first sensor to allow for both features in a single unit. 
         [0010]    The detection mechanism can also include Doppler information from a radar with a highly directional antenna or time-of-flight using an IR transmitter and receiver along with ultrasonic waves in certain embodiments. The sensors are collocated in an electronic assembly that can be affixed to the device-in-motion&#39;s frame of reference with the radar/light transceiver pointed along the axis of advancement. The sensor will contain said displacement mechanisms on each axis x, y, z and for 3 degrees of freedom displacement wise. The onboard accelerometer shall be used to resolve angle when motion becomes off axis. The sensor will be passive with regard to the body in motion meaning it shall not need to be tethered by physical wire to the data collection device. 
         [0011]    The circuit card assembly that houses the printed wiring board (PWB) is physically dimensioned to be worn with comfort in an e-garment. The PWB shall contain all electronics for conversion of the radar and IR sensors, along with an inertial measurement sensor data for wireless transmission to the host person&#39;s mobile device. The circuit card assembly will combine the PWB, a coin/lipo battery, low-power processor, and piezo-vibrators. 
         [0012]    The system is designed to maximize battery life by placing the sensors in a low-power mode until target excitations exceed a threshold invent on the sensor. Upon excitation, the sensor shall begin collecting data analyzing targets coming within proximity of the sensor. The software shall place the sensor back in the sleep mode when excitations cease over a specified time interval. 
         [0013]    The wireless link shall support the Zigbee, Bluetooth, and ANT+ communication protocol. The chosen antenna and RF (radio frequency) substrate are fully compatible with all competing lower-power standards/communication radios. 
         [0014]    The sensor software suite running on the host mobile device shall compute the sensor data for analysis per the desired outputs as specified by the end user. 
         [0015]    The novel sensor unit can be housed in a portable housing having a generally disc shape with a front side having a raised upper semi-circular portion, and a lower recessed semi-circular portion, and a generally flat rear surface. The sensor unit can be fit into a novel holster having a narrow rectangular cavity for allowing the recessed semi-circular lower portion of the front of the sensor unit to be slipped inside. The holster can have upwardly protruding curved legs which can wrap about the curved sides of the generally disc shaped housing of the sensor unit. 
         [0016]    Further objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments which are illustrated schematically in the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0017]      FIG. 1  shows the quadrature and phase transceiver circuitry used in a modular unit that exploits the time-of-flight of as in IR or electromagnetic waves in reference to a target. 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  shows an embodiment of the modular sensor unit observing motion from the point of reference of spring mass system in a classroom type experiment. 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  shows another embodiment of using multiple modular sensor units located at different location points in front of a 2D (two dimensional) camera. 
           [0020]      FIG. 4  shows a battery operated modular sensor unit spaced apart and in wireless communication with a mobile computing device, such as a smart phone. 
           [0021]      FIG. 5A  is an upper left front view of the modular sensor unit referenced in the previous figures. 
           [0022]      FIG. 5B  is an upper right front view of the modular sensor unit of  FIG. 5A . 
           [0023]      FIG. 5C  is a rear view of the modular sensor unit of  FIG. 5A . 
           [0024]      FIG. 6A  shows a screen shot of the motion displacement sensor data that can appear on a computer, smart phone, and the like. 
           [0025]      FIG. 6B and 6C  show graphs of application data for a user to download and record in a physics notebook. 
           [0026]      FIG. 7A  shows a sensor in an embodiment on a track measuring motion data on a track. 
           [0027]      FIG. 7B  is an exploded view of the sensor unit and holster shown in  FIG. 7A . 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0028]    Before explaining the disclosed embodiments of the present invention in detail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its applications to the details of the particular arrangements shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. 
         [0029]    In the Summary above and in the Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments and in the accompanying drawings, reference is made to particular features (including method steps) of the invention. It is to be understood that the disclosure of the invention in this specification does not include all possible combinations of such particular features. For example, where a particular feature is disclosed in the context of a particular aspect or embodiment of the invention, that feature can also be used, to the extent possible, in combination with and/or in the context of other particular aspects and embodiments of the invention, and in the invention generally. 
         [0030]    In this section, some embodiments of the invention will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout, and prime notation is used to indicate similar elements in alternative embodiments. 
         [0031]    A list of components will now be described. 
         [0032]      1  modular self-contained sensor unit 
         [0033]      10  microprocessor 
         [0034]      20  IMU 60F inertial measurement unit with six degrees of freedom, 
         [0035]      30  RF (radio frequency) synthesizer emits discrete sinewave tones. The incident wave is transmitted as electromagnetic waves that is both absorbed and reflected off of the target. The reflected waves are exploited for magnitude and phase. 
         [0036]      35  refers to a circulator used as a reference signal 
         [0037]      40  flash memory is an on board non-volatile memory that stores calibration and other user definable data that survives powering the device on/off. 
         [0038]      50  refers to a quantizer (an analog to digital converter) 
         [0039]      60  Radiating Element (antenna) 
         [0040]      70  photo detector for transporting the electromagnetic waves through free space air. 
         [0041]      75  IR (infrared) transceiver transmits and receives sinewaves as photonic light energy, with IR demodulator 
         [0042]      80  antenna for electromagnetic waves 
         [0043]      85  RF demodulator 
         [0044]      100  transmitted and received echo waveform 
         [0045]      110  target can be any surface that that beams come into contact with 
         [0046]      200  spring mass system 
         [0047]      210  mass 
         [0048]      220  spring 
         [0049]      230  anchor reference point 
         [0050]      240  displacement 
         [0051]      250  modular sensor unit 
         [0052]      260  time of flight 
         [0053]      270  surface 
         [0054]      300  person to Person Situational Awareness Embodiment of a jogging person 
         [0055]      310  sensor unit module 
         [0056]      320  sensor unit module 
         [0057]      330  sensor unit module 
         [0058]      340  2D camera 
         [0059]      345  mount surface 
         [0060]      400  modular sensor unit and smart phone embodiment 
         [0061]      405  circuit board 
         [0062]      410  receiving information bandwidth 
         [0063]      420  coin cell battery 
         [0064]      430  chip antenna 
         [0065]      440  smart phone 
         [0066]      500  modular sensor unit housing 
         [0067]      510  front side 
         [0068]      512  Upper raised portion 
         [0069]      514  stepped area 
         [0070]      515  field of view 
         [0071]      516  recessed bevel 
         [0072]      520  IR indicator 
         [0073]      530  charging port 
         [0074]      540  on/off button 
         [0075]      550  IR transmitter (one of the optical components) 
         [0076]      560  IR photodetector (another one of the optical components) 
         [0077]      570  rear side 
         [0078]      575  fasteners, such as screws, bolts, and the like. 
         [0079]      590  flat surface 
         [0080]      580  battery indicator 
         [0081]      600  screen shot 
         [0082]      605  recorded displacement data 
         [0083]      610  email 
         [0084]      615  velocity graph 
         [0085]      617  accelerometer data 
         [0086]      700  track motion embodiment 
         [0087]      710  sensor 
         [0088]      720  moving cart 
         [0089]      730  holster 
         [0090]      732  left side curved leg 
         [0091]      735  inside cavity of holster  730   
         [0092]      738  right side curved leg 
         [0093]      750  track 
         [0094]      FIG. 1  shows the quadrature and phase transceiver circuitry used in a modular unit  1  that exploits the time-of-flight of as in IR or electromagnetic waves in reference to a target  110 . A general purpose microprocessor  10  can be used which is capable of performing essential DSP (digital signal processor) functions as related to time and frequency domain frequency processing. 
         [0095]    The IMU (inertial measuring unit) 60F  20  can include but is not limited to an IMU used in U.S. Pat. No. 4,589,610 to Schmidt, which is incorporated by reference in its&#39; entirety. U.S. Pat. No. 4,589,610 to Schmidt describes an example of using an IMU to deduce motion in a guidance system. The subject invention is taking this IMU information and reporting it to the end user through an app so that children can learn about the motion of objects in free space. In order to get position data, Kalman filters can be applied and in doing so these are high quality estimates. We are adding the displacement sensor into the mix so that the missile or toy knows it&#39;s absolute range to a target. 
         [0096]    Other types of sensors can be used such as but not limited to radar and ultrasonic transducers, piezo-vibrators. and the like. 
         [0097]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , the modular sensor unit  1  can be used for transmitting and receiving an echo waveform  110  off of a moving or stationary target  110 . The sensor unit  1  combines a transceiver unit that emits and receives a radiated pulse as reflected from the target  110 . The synthesizer  30  is responsible for producing discrete tones. The radiating element  60  can be an antenna for electromagnetic energy or an IR emitter of an optical system. In either case the transmitted signal is quantized  50  as the reference signal  35  to the time-of-flight  100  processing engine. 
         [0098]    The received signal is processed using an antenna  80  for the electromagnetic wave where the received signal is demodulated using an RF demodulator  85 . The received signal is processed using photodetector  70  for the photonic wave where the received signal is demodulated using an IR demodulator  75 . This phase delta  100  is used to compute the distance to the target in the digital signal processing unit on the microprocessor  10 . The inertial measurement data  20  (i.e. acceleration, and angular acceleration data) are combined in a vector form and stored on the on-board flash memory  40 . 
         [0099]    Three axis of acceleration, and three axes of angular acceleration results in six degrees of freedom (6OF). The processed sensor data is both stored on the flash  40  and transmitted in real time using a personal area network which can include Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and other radio protocols providing truly untethered telemetry data. 
         [0100]      FIG. 2  shows an embodiment  200  of the modular sensor unit  250  observing motion from the point of reference of spring mass system in a classroom experiment. In the analysis of a spring mass system  200  affixed to a reference point  230  the sensor unit  250  can be attached to the mass  210  at the end of the spring  220 . As the mass oscillates up and down due to the pull of gravity, the displacement  240  from floor  270  increases and decreases respectively. The sensor unit  250  measures this distance using the waves  260  transmitted and reflected from the floor  270  and at the same time records and stores the linear and angular acceleration data for the user observing the experiment. 
         [0101]      FIG. 3  shows another embodiment of for a person to person situational Awareness application  300  of using multiple modular sensor units  310 ,  320 ,  330 , and more located at different location points of a moving body in front of a 2D (two dimensional) camera  340  on a support mount surface  345 . 
         [0102]    Take the case of an athlete  300  shadow performing in front of a wall  345 . In some cases, a 2-D camera  340  can be mounted as a secondary aid in training for performance and power by monitoring technique. Multiple sensors  310 ,  320 , and  330  can be placed at key places of motion along the body  300  can relay said information back to a host mobile device ( FIG. 4 ) to combine the sensor data into a personal area network. 
         [0103]    A personal area network (PAN) is the interconnection of information technology devices within the range of an individual person, typically within a range of 10 meters. Transmitting data wireless over a short distance. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Direct are examples of personal area networks (PANs). 
         [0104]    The distance of each sensor  310 ,  320 , and  330  as measured with respect to the wall  345  can be combined to analyze a sprinter&#39;s running motion on a treadmill by correlating the runners arm stride  310  with their quad explosion  320  to determine if they are overcompensating for weak lower leg muscles  330 . 
         [0105]    The sensor units  310 ,  320 ,  330  can provide depth from the camera  340  to make for three-dimensional data points for motion tracking of the individual points on the subject of interest. The information can be used for tracking during animation to provide ultra-realistic modeling of the person in a computer animation. 
         [0106]      FIG. 4  shows an embodiment  400  of battery operated modular sensor unit (such as the previously shown and described sensor units) spaced apart and in wireless communication with a mobile computing device  440 , such as a smart phone, portable computer, and the like. 
         [0107]    The electronic circuit assembly  400  part of sensor unit  1  is responsible for housing circuit board  405  along with chip antenna  430  for transmitting and receiving information  410  from the smart phone or mobile computing device  440 . The said unit is low energy device capable of running for extended periods of time off of a single coin cell  420 . 
         [0108]    The sensor unit  400  is not a throw-away device upon depletion of the coin-cell battery  420 . The chip antenna  430  can be low profile in design and collocated with the rest of sensor electronics using an RF (radio frequency) substrate on the top side of the PWB. 
         [0109]    The advantage of such design is that there are no additional mechanisms to connect to the bicycle that might suffer damage due the normal rigors of an e-garment. The bandwidth  410  of the chip antenna  430  is commensurate with the low-power radio already utilized in industry standard smartphones, so the smartphone  440  does not require any special adapters to communicate. 
         [0110]      FIG. 5A  is an upper left front view of the modular sensor unit  500  in a mechanical housing having a generally disc shape up to approximately a few to several inches in both diameter and thickness, which can house the components that were referenced in the previous figures.  FIG. 5A  is a front side of the modular unit  500 . The mechanical enclosure  500  for the sensor unit  1   FIG. 1 ) is responsible for housing circuit board  405  ( FIG. 4 ) along with the sensor optics, previously described. The field of view  515  is determined by the spacing between the optical elements  550 ,  560  positioned behind a pair of circular openings in the front of the housing, and is intentionally tight for a direct and long extending beam. This both increases range and sensitivity of the sensor distance. 
         [0111]    Under an outwardly extending upper portion  512  there stepped area  514  leading to a recessed bevel  516  for mounting the sensor unit  500  in a motion cart enclosure  730  shown and described in relation to  FIGS. 7A-7B . The IR indicator  520  alerts the user with a visible light emission as to when the unit  500  is transmitting IR pulses to calculate range. 
         [0112]      FIG. 5B  is an upper right front view of the modular sensor unit  500  of  FIG. 5A . The sensor unit  500  contains a charging port  530  which accepts a standard USB cable. The on/off button  540  is recessed to not inadvertently power the sensor off while concealed in an object that might absorb shock (i.e. nerf football). The IR transmitter  550  emits an IR pulse that is detected by the IR photodetector  560  which contains a filter to lessen sensitivity to ambient light again improving sensor range. 
         [0113]      FIG. 5C  is a rear view of the front view of the modular sensor unit  500  of  FIG. 5A . Other than the mechanical fasteners  575  the sensor is flat  590  so that it may be adhered to objects with any mounting technique, such as but not limited to peel and stick tape, hook and loop fasteners, other adhesives, and the like. There are two indicators  580  to indicate when the sensor has completed charging and when in use, if the battery is critically low. For example, a solid color, such as green can indicate the unit is being charged, and a flashing red color can indicate the unit is running low on battery life. 
         [0114]    The sensor unit  500  can be used to corroborate inertial measurement data with the displacement information for 7 degrees of freedom in motion analysis. The sensor unit  500  can be modular for user specific regions of motion observation for a combinatorial motion map of said targets of interest. 
         [0115]    The sensor unit  500  reports said information in multiple data outputs for digital realization using smart devices and other mobile computing platforms. 
         [0116]    The wireless modular sensor units  500  can be used for real-time data acquisition along with seamless integration into an existing IMU only based system requiring information beyond six degrees of freedom as normally represented by gyros, and accelerometers. 
         [0117]    The sensor units  500  used in the novel system are designed to maximize battery life by placing the sensors in a low-power mode until target excitations exceed a threshold invent on the sensor. Upon excitation, the sensor shall begin collecting data analyzing targets coming within proximity of the sensor. The software shall place the sensor back in the sleep mode when excitations cease over a specified time interval. 
         [0118]    The wireless link shall support the Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, and ANT+ communication protocol. The chosen antenna and RF (radio frequency) substrate are fully compatible with all competing lower-power standards/communication radios. 
         [0119]    The sensor unit  500  can use software running on the host mobile device shall compute the sensor data for analysis per the desired outputs as specified by the end user to include useful information in physics lab experiments like displacement graphs, acceleration graphs, and range plots etc. 
         [0120]      FIG. 6A  shows a screen shot  600  of motion displacement sensor data that can be displayed on portable computers, smartphones, and the like. The recorded displacement data  605  gathered by the sensor in real-time can be e-mailed  610  to the end-user or stored on the cloud in networked classrooms. If the user chooses they can simply observe live motion by holding the sensor in their hands or setting off an experiment while visually watching the displacement data.  FIG. 6B  shows a graph  610 B of x-Axis Position data shown in the screen shot  600  of  FIG. 6A . 
         [0121]      FIG. 6C  is a graph  610 C of x-Axis Velocity data that can also come from the screen shot  600  of  FIG. 6A . By taking the derivative of the displacement data the physics student can trace the velocity graph  615  along the objects path of motion. This is a derived plot from the displacement data recorded by the sensor. It should also be noted that the on-board accelerometers are also recording motion. The physics students can produce this same graph with the integral of the accelerometer data  617 . They will note a cleaner profile without the aid of the filters on the displacement plots because it doesn&#39;t suffer the effects of the gravity vector. No other physics sensor provides both acceleration and displacement in a single unit. 
         [0122]      FIG. 7A  shows an embodiment  700  of using the novel sensor unit  500  mounted in a holster  730 . The motion of a cart down a track is one popular physics experiment  700 . The cart  720  is allowed to accelerate down the track  750 . Most competing systems use an ultrasonic sensor at the end of the track to record the displacement. With our system, we record the motion from the perspective of the cart  720  as it accelerates down the track. The sensor  500  is affixed to our motion cart using our dedicated holster  730  which is designed to both absorb vibration and to not block the radiating element  550  and the receiving element  560  during the motion down the track  750 . 
         [0123]      FIG. 7B  is an exploded view of the novel modular sensor unit  500  removed from the mounting holster  730 . To start an experiment, the pliable and bendable curved legs  732 ,  738  can bend outward as the unit  500  is pushed down into the holster  730 , and snap back to wrap about the curved sides of the sensor unit  500  as the recessed bevel portion  516  of the unit  500  is sized so as to slip into the cavity portion  735  of the holster. When the experiment is done the sensor  500  can be popped out from the holster  730  and ready for use in a different experiment. The novel holster can be used to mount the sensor unit  500  to any surface. The underside of the novel holster  500  can be adhered to any surface by various types of fastening techniques that can include but are not limited to hook and loop fasteners, peel and stick tape, and any other types of fasteners, and the like. 
         [0124]    The term “approximately” can be +/−10% of the amount referenced. Additionally, preferred amounts and ranges can include the amounts and ranges referenced without the prefix of being approximately. 
         [0125]    While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and shown in various terms of certain embodiments or modifications which it has presumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.