Abstract:
The present invention generally relates to integrating electronic components into an electro-active frame for driving electro-active focusing lenses. This is accomplished in a cosmetically pleasing manner that allows a platform of frame systems to be built from a single electronic module. Specifically, the present invention discloses controlling an electro-active lens in a deliberate, hands free manner that gives the user control of the electro-active lens.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/796,876 filed on May 3, 2006 and entitled, “Spectacle Frame Bridge Housing Electronics For Electro-active Spectacle Lenses” (now U.S. Ser. No. 11/797,210), U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/924,225 filed on May 4, 2007 and entitled, “Advanced Electro-Active Spectacles, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/929,419 filed on Jun. 26, 2007 entitled, “Electronic Eyeglass Frames and Integration Thereof”, and U.S. Provisional Applications No. 60/854,697 and 60/854,677 respectively entitled, “Advanced Electronic Eyewear” and “Universal Temple End Piece For Spectacles both of which were filed on Oct. 27, 2006 (now together as Ser. No. 11/976,199), all of which are incorporated in their entirety herein by reference. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention generally relates to integrating electronic components into an electronic eyeglass frame for driving electro-active lenses capable of one or more of dynamic focus, dynamic changeable tint, and other electronic applications such as, by way of example only, an electronic display that may or may not be incorporated within the lens. This is accomplished in a cosmetically pleasing manner that allows a platform of frame systems to be built from a single electronic module. The present invention discloses controlling an electro-active lens in a deliberate, hands free manner that gives the user control of the electro-active lens. In addition, the present invention allows for a mostly universal electronics module or modules that can be applied to most eyeglass frames in such a manner (and location) whereby conductive wiring of the temples and the frame front is minimized, cosmetics and form factor of the eyeglass frame is maintained, and complicating issues of connecting electrical current thru the bridge or hinge of the eyeglass frame are mitigated. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    In today&#39;s world, spectacle eyeglass frames are very fashionable. While the trend for the eyeglass lenses is to make them thinner, lighter, and less visible, at the same time, it is the eyeglass frame that makes the fashion statement for the eyeglass wearer. 
         [0006]    Concurrent with these trends is another concerning including electronics into spectacle eyewear. By way of example, Oakley™ has commercialized electronic eyewear called the Oakley Thump™ that incorporates a MP3 player into the temple of the eyewear that can be oriented properly for the wearer. The Oakley Thump is a prime example of what the invention disclosed here desires to avoid. That being a thick temple or frame housing electronics that distracts from the aesthetic appearance of the eyeglass frames. PixelOptics™ is developing electro-active eyewear that allow for the lens to dynamically focus for the wearer&#39;s distance vision needs without any moving parts. Electronic tints for the lens such as, by way of example only, electro-chromics, rapid change tint technology, and tint shuttering are being developed by others as well. Finally, electronic displays are being developed that fit within or on the eyeglass lens allowing the user to see an image floating in front of them in space. The trend of utilizing electronics in eyewear appears to be accelerating and the applications being developed by others are expanding. 
         [0007]    As theses trends continue, it is becoming important to find ways to incorporate electronics into eyewear without harming the aesthetics and functionality of the eyewear. The challenge is to not limit the fashion design of the eyeglass frame or limit the materials which the eyeglass frame can be made of, maintain as few completed eyeglass frames or eyeglass frame components (frame fronts, bridges, temples) stock keeping units (SKUs) as possible, allow for robust placement of the electronics, and in a way that can be manufactured so that it remains affordable, and aesthetically desirable. 
         [0008]    Various electronic components have been disclosed in prior art whereby said components are located in the side of one or both temples, in or on the end piece of the temple, in or on the eyeglass frame&#39;s bridge, in or on the lens or lenses, or affixed to the hinge or hinges that attach the frame&#39;s temple to the frame&#39;s front. While these approaches allow for enabling electronic frames and electro-active lenses, to date there has been no way for this to occur while minimizing the number of frame part SKUs, and maintaining the aesthetics of the frame. 
         [0009]    The present invention also addresses the integration of electronic components into an electro-active frame for driving electro-active lenses for one or more of dynamically altering focus, tint or other electronic applications such as by way of example only an electronic display. The invention achieves this objective in a cosmetically pleasing manner that allows for a platform of frame systems to be built from one or more electronic modules. 
         [0010]    These problems have been solved in a simple, convenient, and highly effective way by which to provide an improved electro-active frame having electronic components for driving electro-active lenses in a cosmetically pleasing manner that allows for a platform of frame systems to be built from one or more electronic modules. The present invention discloses controlling an electro-active lens in a deliberate, yet optional hands free control manner that effectively overcomes the aforementioned difficulties and longstanding problems inherent in electro-active eyewear. The invention further allows for the electronic module to control the electronic lens such that if the electronic lens is not in use the electronics are turned off to conserve battery power. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    According to one aspect of the invention, an eyeglass frame is disclosed comprising a hinged temple. The temple further comprises an electronic module, which is located within a front spatial void of the eyeglass frame anterior to the hinge. 
         [0012]    According to another aspect of the invention, an electronic module is disclosed that contains electronics and a power source for driving an electro-active lens. The module is designed to fit within a spatial void of an eyeglass frame directly connected to the electro-active lens without an intervening hinge. 
         [0013]    According to another aspect of the invention, a method for controlling an electro-active lens is disclosed wherein the lens is activated when the wearer&#39;s head moves to a first position angled steeply down relative to the horizon, and wherein the lens, once activated, remains on until such a time as the wearer&#39;s head moves to a second position at an angle slightly above the horizon. 
         [0014]    According to another aspect of the invention, a method for turning off the electronics is disclosed wherein after a specified period of time should the sensor sense there is no movement the controller will turn off the electrical power. 
         [0015]    According to another aspect of the invention, a method for setting a time delay such to prevent the eyeglasses from switching their focus as one walks, runs, or moves his or her head while not intending to read at near. 
         [0016]    According to a still further aspect of the invention, an electronic module attached to a rimless eyeglass frame near a rimless spatial void is disclosed wherein the frame has an electro-active lens to which the module is directly connected. 
         [0017]    The method and apparatus of the present invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed discussion of specific embodiments and the attached figures which illustrate and exemplify such embodiments. 
         [0018]    According to still another aspect of the invention, a hinge-less temple is provided such that the electronic module can be located within the spatial void or any where on the temple including the end piece behind the ear. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0019]    A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the following drawings, wherein: 
           [0020]      FIG. 1A  illustrates a universal frame housing that comprises the electronic module, electronic connectors, and a hinge. 
           [0021]      FIG. 1B  is an exploded view of the universal frame housing of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0022]      FIG. 1C  is the electronic module of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0023]      FIG. 2A  illustrates another universal frame housing that comprising an electronic module, electronic connectors, and a hinge 
           [0024]      FIG. 2B  is an exploded view of the universal frame housing of  FIG. 2A . 
           [0025]      FIG. 2C  is the electronic module of  FIG. 2A . 
           [0026]      FIG. 3A  illustrates another universal frame housing comprising an electronic module, electronic connectors, and a hinge. 
           [0027]      FIG. 3B  is an exploded view of the universal frame housing of  FIG. 3A . 
           [0028]      FIG. 3C  is the electronic module of  FIG. 3A . 
           [0029]      FIG. 3D  illustrates a manual touch switch extending up though the assembly formed by the front and back electro-active lens frame component pieces. 
           [0030]      FIG. 4A  illustrates another universal frame housing comprising an electronic module, electronic connectors, and a hinge. 
           [0031]      FIG. 4B  is an exploded view of the hinge  FIG. 4A . 
           [0032]      FIG. 4C  is the electronic module of  FIG. 4A . 
           [0033]      FIG. 5A  illustrates an external side view of another universal frame housing comprising an electronic module, electronic connectors, and a hinge. 
           [0034]      FIG. 5B  is an inside or back view of the universal frame housing of  FIG. 5A . 
           [0035]      FIG. 5C  is the module of the universal frame housing of  FIGS. 5A and 5B . 
           [0036]      FIG. 6  illustrates one embodiment of a fully assembled electronic frame. 
           [0037]      FIG. 7  illustrates another embodiment of a fully assembled electronic frame. 
           [0038]      FIG. 8A  illustrates another embodiment of a fully assembled electronic frame having a hinged temple. 
           [0039]      FIG. 8B  illustrates another embodiment of a fully assembled electronic frame having a hinge-less temple. 
           [0040]      FIG. 9A  illustrates the top view of an electro-active spectacle lenses, rimmed frame and universal frame housings comprising electronic modules, electronic connectors, and hinges. 
           [0041]      FIG. 9B  illustrates the embodiment of  FIG. 9A , but with a rimless style of lens mounting. 
           [0042]      FIG. 9C  illustrates the embodiment of  FIG. 9A  as worn on a wearer&#39;s head and further illustrates the right spatial void and the left spatial void. 
           [0043]      FIG. 10  illustrates an electronic module of another embodiment of the present invention which includes a tilt switch. 
           [0044]      FIG. 11  illustrates a universal frame housing that comprises the electronic module, electrical connectors, and hinge. 
           [0045]      FIG. 12A  illustrates a cross section of an embodiment of the electronic module of the present invention without a tilt switch 
           [0046]      FIG. 12B  is an isometric view of the module of  FIG. 12A . 
           [0047]      FIG. 12C  illustrates the module of  FIG. 12A  in an eyeglass frame behind its frame stem section. 
           [0048]      FIG. 13A  illustrates another embodiment of the electronic module of the present invention which contains two batteries. 
           [0049]      FIG. 13B  is a cross section of the module of  FIG. 13A . 
           [0050]      FIG. 13C  illustrates a combined electronic module which includes a tilt switch. 
           [0051]      FIG. 13D  illustrate the module of  FIG. 13A  placed in an eyeglass frame anterior to the hinge and connecting to the lens. 
           [0052]      FIG. 14  illustrates one possible electrical contact into the lens from the frame. 
           [0053]      FIG. 15A  illustrates a wearer of an eyeglass frame having a tilt switch looking straight ahead approximately even with the horizon. 
           [0054]      FIG. 15B  illustrates a wearer of an eyeglass frame having a tilt switch with his head in a position where he is looking downward at angle α from the horizontal. 
           [0055]      FIG. 15C  illustrates a wearer of an eyeglass frame having a tilt switch with his head in a position where he is looking upward at angle β above the horizontal. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0056]    The following definitions for elements referred to in this application are set forth below. 
         [0057]    Definitions:
   a) Frame: A complete wearable housing that secures both spectacle lenses and aligns them in the proper place relative to the wearer&#39;s eyes when being worn.   b) Hinged temple: The side piece of a frame that connects to the frame front by way of a hinge attachment mechanism, and further provides stability by resting on the wearer&#39;s ears when worn.   c) Hinge-less temple: The side piece of a frame that connects to the frame front without a hinge attachment mechanism, and further provides stability by resting on the wearer&#39;s ears when worn.   d) Temple end piece: The part of the temple that is found farthest away from the frame front. The end piece usually begins behind the ear of the wearer and ends at the end of the temple that is located farthest away from the frame front.   e) Frame front end piece: The part of the frame front farthest away from the bridge and spatial to the bridge. Each frame has two, frame front end pieces; one on the spatial side of the right lens and/or right eye-wire and one on the spatial side of the left lens and/or eye-wire.   f) Bridge: The part of the frame front that fits over/superior to the wearer&#39;s nose. The bridge is usually found between the eye-wires that holds the right and left lenses, or the right and left lenses themselves.   g) Hinge: The part of the frame that allows for connecting the frame front and the temples in such away that the frame front and the temple can open and close against the frame front on its posterior side when not being worn.   h) Eye-wire: The part of the frame front that holds one lens (a right or a left). There are two eye-wires to each frame. However in a completely rimless frame there are no eye wires.   i) Frame front: The part of the frame to which the temples attach and which holds the lenses and if not a rimless frame front comprises both eye-wires.   j) Rimless frame: A frame that is designed without eye-wires.   k) Partially rimless: A frame that has a partial frame front and/or may have a nylon monofilament wire or similar feature that secures the lenses to the frame.   l) Zyle frame: A frame made out of largely plastic   m) Metal frame: A frame made out of mostly metal   n) Right spatial void: The space created where the right frame front that is within the plane of the front of the wearers face turns back to meet the right temple. The angle formed between the right frame front and the right temple is approximately (but not always) 90 degrees. This space is further defined as that which is bounded on three sides: On a first side by an imaginary line that is provided on the inside back surface of the right lens or inside right frame front, on a second side by that of an imaginary line that is located in the middle of the right temple not including any electronics affixed thereto, and on a third side which is bounded by the right side of the face and/or head of the wearer.   o) Left spatial void: The space created where the left frame front that is within the plane of the front of the wearers face turns back to meet the left temple. The angle formed between the left frame front and the left temple is approximately 90 degrees. This space is further defined as that which is bounded on three sides: On a first side by an imaginary line that is provided on the inside back surface of the left lens or inside left frame front, on a second side by that of an imaginary line that is located in the middle of the left temple not including any electronics affixed thereto, and on a third side which is bounded by the left side of the face and/or head of the wearer.   
 
         [0073]    The following preferred embodiment as exemplified by the drawings is illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention as encompassed by the claims of this application. An electronic module for eyeglass frames containing electro-active lenses is disclosed herein. 
         [0074]      FIGS. 1A-1C  illustrate a specific embodiment of an eyeglass frame containing an electronic module  101 . The module is specifically illustrated as a cylinder and a block section attached to the side of the cylinder in  FIG. 1C . In some embodiments, the cylinder portion of the electronic module may contain both the power source and the drive circuit. The block portion may contain a sensing mechanism, for example a tilt switch. The module may also house an antenna, a receiver, a transmitter, a transceiver, a sensor, a rangefinder, a micro-processor, and a controller. 
         [0075]    The module  101  is shown housed between an upper electro-active lens frame component piece  102  and a lower electro-active lens frame component piece  103  that contains a receptacle  104  for the module  101 . The lower electro-active lens frame component piece  103  also contains a receptacle  105  for electrical conductors connecting an electro-active lens to the module. The electrical conductors may conduct for example, via a set of conductive wires or a flex circuit. A manual touch switch  106  extends up though the upper electro-active lens frame component piece  102 . In some embodiments, the battery or other electronic components may be accessed via a lower module receptacle cover  107 . The lower module receptacle cover  107  may be threaded and thereby opened and closed with a small screw driver. Screws  109  are used for attaching the upper and the lower electro-active lens frame component pieces together to form an electronic frame piece. The electronic frame piece may be attached to a frame temple  110  with a temple screw  108 , and bonded or otherwise attached to the edge of the eye-wire  111  to complete half of the frame. In a similar manner, the corresponding other half of the frame can be assembled. 
         [0076]      FIGS. 2A-2C  illustrate another embodiment of the present invention wherein the electronic frame contains an electronic module  201 . The module is more particularly illustrated as a cylinder with a block section attached to the back of the cylinder in  FIG. 2C . In some embodiments, the cylinder portion of the module may contain both the power source and the drive circuit. The block portion may contain a sensing mechanism. For example, a tilt switch may be used as a type of sensing mechanism. The electronic module  201  is housed between an upper electro-active lens frame component piece  202  and a lower electro-active lens frame component piece  203  that contains a receptacle  204  for the module  201 . The lower electro-active lens frame component piece  103  also contains a receptacle  205  for electrical conductors connecting electro-active lens to the module. The electrical conductors may conduct for example, via a set of conductive wires or a flex circuit. A manual touch switch  206  extends up though the upper electro-active lens frame component piece  202 . In some embodiments, the battery or other electronic components may be accessed via a lower electronics module receptacle cover  207 , which may threaded on the sides and opened and closed with a small screw driver. Screws  209  are used for attaching upper and lower electro-active lens frame component pieces together. The electronic frame piece may be attached to a frame temple  210  with a temple screw  208 , and bonded or otherwise attached to the edge of the eye-wire  111  to complete half of the frame. In a similar manner, the corresponding other half of the frame can be assembled. 
         [0077]      FIGS. 1 and 2  illustrate two possible ways of configuring the electronics to fit them neatly into the frame. Although a cylinder and block arrangement have been specifically illustrated, other dimensional shapes may alternatively be used to form the module that will be preferably placed in a cavity and perhaps molded therein to form an electronic frame component that is hermetically sealed to prevent water from contacting the electronics. 
         [0078]      FIGS. 3A-3D  illustrate another inventive embodiment wherein the electronic frame contains a electronic module  301 . The module is particularly illustrated as a cylinder with a block portion which is, in turn, attached to the back of the cylinder. As with the module of the previous figures, the module may contain a wide variety of similar electronic components and features. The electronic module  301  is housed between a front electro-active lens frame component piece  302  and a back electro-active lens frame component piece  303 . Together, these pieces form a receptacle  304  for the electronics module  301 . The front electro-active lens frame component piece  302  also contains a receptacle  305  for electrical conductors connecting electro-active lens to electronics module via way a set of conductive wires or a flex circuit. A manual touch switch  306  extends up though the assembly formed by the front and back electro-active lens frame component pieces. As with other embodiments, the battery or other electronic components may be accessed via a lower electronics module receptacle cover  307 . The electronic frame piece is attached to a frame temple  310  with a temple screw  308 . In this embodiment, the electronic frame piece is shown as attached to the frame temple  310  near the edge of the edge of electro-active spectacle lens  311 . A threaded rod  313  is positioned through the front convex surface  312  of electro-active spectacle lens for the rimless mounting of the assembled front and back electro-active lens frame component pieces to an electro-active lens. 
         [0079]      FIGS. 4A-4B  illustrate another embodiment of the present invention wherein the frame has an electronic module  401 . The module is illustrated as a cylinder with a block portion attached to the back of the cylinder. As referred to in other embodiments disclosed herein, the module has a cylinder portion and a block portion and may contain a wide variety of similar electronic components and features. The electronic module  401  is housed between a front electro-active lens frame component piece  402  and a back electro-active lens frame component piece  403  that together form a receptacle  404  for the electronics module  401 . The front electro-active lens frame component piece  302  also contains a receptacle  405  for electrical conductors connecting an electro-active lens to the module via way of set of conductive rods or pins. A manual touch switch  406  extends up though the assembly formed by the front and back electro-active lens frame component pieces. As with other embodiments, the battery or other electronic components may be accessed via a lower electronics module receptacle cover  407 . The electronic frame piece is attached to a frame temple  410  with a temple screw  408 . In this embodiment, the electronic frame piece is shown as attached to the frame temple  410  near the edge of the edge of electro-active spectacle lens  411 . Threaded and electrically conductive rods  413  and  414  are positioned through their respective front convex surfaces the of electro-active lens for rimless mounting of the assembled front and back electro-active lens frame component pieces to the electro-active lens. Application of a first voltage to the electro-active lens through rod  413  and a second voltage through  414  to the respective edges of the electro-active lens is thereby accomplished. 
         [0080]      FIGS. 5A-5C  illustrate another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the electronic frame contains a electronic module  501 . The module has a cylinder portion and a block portion as before described. The module  501  is housed between a front electro-active lens frame component piece  502  and a back electro-active lens frame component piece  503  that together form a receptacle  504  for the module  501 . The front electro-active lens frame component piece  502  also contains a receptacle  505  for electrical conductors connecting electro-active lens to electronics module via way of set of conductive pins or rods. A manual touch switch  506  extends up though the front electro-active lens frame component pieces. As with other embodiments, the battery or other electronic components may be accessed via a lower electronics module receptacle cover  507 , which may be threaded on the sides and opened and closed with a small screw driver. Screws  409  are used for attaching front and back electro-active lens frame component pieces together. The electronic frame piece is attached to a frame temple  510  with a temple screw  508 . In this embodiment, the frame piece is attached to the frame temple  510  near the edge of the edge of electro-active spectacle lens  511 . Threaded and electrically conductive rods  513  and  514  are positioned through their respective front convex surfaces the of electro-active lens for rimless mounting of the assembled front and back electro-active lens frame component pieces to the electro-active lens. Application of a first voltage to the electro-active lens through rod  513  and a second voltage through  514  to the respective edges of the electro-active lens is thereby accomplished. 
         [0081]      FIG. 6  illustrates an embodiment of a fully assembled electro-active frame. This frame is constructed from an upper electro-active lens frame component piece  602  and a lower electro active frame component piece  603 . A manual touch switch  606  is shown extending from the upper electro-active lens frame component piece  602 . Two temples  610  are attached the combinations of the upper and lower electro-active lens frame component pieces with temple screws  608 . The temple assemblies are then mounted to the eye wires  611  of the front of the frame that contains the electro-active lenses  612 . 
         [0082]      FIG. 7  illustrates another embodiment of a fully assembled electro-active frame. This frame is constructed from a front electro-active lens frame component piece  702  and a back electro active frame component piece  703 . A manual touch switch  706  is shown extending from the front electro-active lens frame component piece  702 . Two temples  710  are attached the combinations of the upper and lower electro-active lens frame component pieces with temple screws  708 . The temple assemblies are then mounted to directly to the electro-active lenses  712  in a rimless fashion by one of the methods described earlier. 
         [0083]      FIG. 8A  illustrates another embodiment of a fully assembled electro-active frame having a hinged temple. This frame is constructed from a front electro-active lens frame component piece  802  and a back electro active frame component piece  803 . A manual touch switch  806  is shown extending from the front electro-active lens frame component piece  802 . Two temples  810  are attached to the combinations of the upper and lower electro-active lens frame component pieces by a hinge with temple screws  808 . The temple assemblies are then mounted to directly to the electro-active lenses  812  in a rimless fashion by one of the methods described earlier. 
         [0084]      FIG. 8B  illustrates an embodiment similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 8A , but for having a hingless temple. This frame is constructed from a front electro-active lens frame component piece  802  and a back electro active frame component piece  803 . A manual touch switch  806  is shown extending from the front electro-active lens frame component piece  802 . Two temples  810  are directly attached to the combinations of the upper and lower electro-active lens frame component pieces with temple screws  808 . The temple assemblies are then mounted to directly to the electro-active lenses  812  in a rimless fashion by one of the methods described earlier. 
         [0085]      FIG. 9A  illustrates a top view of a electro-active spectacle lenses and rimmed frame. The rimmed frame can be made of zyle, metal, or any combination thereof. Both right front spatial void  910  and left frame front spatial void  920  is shown. Within either or both of these voids, a module may be placed. As particularly shown in  FIG. 9A , modules  930  and  940  are placed on the frame and attached to the frame stems  970  and  980  with temple screws  950  and  960 . The modules are then connected to the eye wires  994  and  995  and are connected to the nose bridge  930 . The eye wires support the electro-active lenses  996  and  998 . 
         [0086]      FIG. 9B  illustrates an embodiment of the electro-active spectacle lenses and frame as similar to that shown in  FIG. 9A  but in a rimless style of lens mounting. Rimless right spatial void  910  and rimless left spatial void  920  are shown. 
         [0087]      FIG. 9C  depicts the embodiment of  FIG. 9A  worn on the head of a wearer. The spatial voids created by the space between the joint of the frame and temple on the one hand, and the curve of the wearer&#39;s head, on the other is clearly shown. 
         [0088]      FIG. 10  illustrates an electronic module  1000  of another embodiment of the present invention. The module includes a flex circuit  1010  with two conductive buses  1020  and  1030  for making electrical contact to the front surface of an electro-active lens. The module includes a drive circuit  1040  placed above a rechargeable battery  1050 . Below the battery is a recharging coil  1060 . The charging coil is used to inductively recharge the battery without direct contact. In this way, the module may be hermetically sealed while still allowing the battery to be recharged without breaking a moisture resistant seal. A tilt sensor  1070  is also attached to the electronic module. A manual switch  1080  is attached to the top of the electronic module and is integrated with a sealing diaphragm  1090 . This module is sealed with an epoxy, silicone, or similar water resistant material to prevent water from contacting the electronic components. This module is shaped to fit into a universal frame electronic component as illustrated in  FIG. 11 . 
         [0089]    In  FIG. 11 , a universal electronic frame component  1100  is shown. The universal electronic frame component comprises a housing  1110  for holding the electronic module described in  FIG. 10 . A set of thread hinge bolt  1120  and  1130  are mounted on the housing for accommodating a wide variety of frame stem styles to be attached to the universal electronic frame component. The top of the housing  1110  has an aperture to allow a manual switch  1140  to extend outward so as to be accessed by the wearer. Extending out of an opening in the housing are two electrical contacts  1150  and  1160  from the buses described in  FIG. 10 . Near these contact points, there is a through hole  1170  to allow a mounting pin to pass through the front of the universal electronic frame component for attaching to an electro-active lens. 
         [0090]    The module  1200 , as illustrated schematically  FIG. 12A  and in cross section in  FIG. 12B , contains a battery  1230  for powering an electro-active lens and related drive circuitry, a printed circuit board  1220  with drive and control electronics, and a switch  1210 . The module may also contain a membrane switch to allow for manual control of the electro-active lens. 
         [0091]      FIG. 12C  illustrates the module  1200  placed in an eyeglass frame  1250 . The frame has a frame stem section  1240  near the front of the frame but also well in front of a frame hinge  1260  that connects a stem  1280  to the front of the frame. The module is preferably placed behind the frame stem section, provided that the frame is not of a full rimless design. In the event of a full rimless design, the inventive electronic module or modules would fit within or near the space (right spatial void and left spatial void) anterior to the hinge and would then attach to the lens. In certain other inventive embodiments where there is no hinge (hinge-less temples) and eyeglass frames that have a continuous temple that attaches directly to the frame front or directly to the lens, the module would preferably be located within or near the space (right spatial void and left spatial void). In fact, the module can be located anywhere within these two spatial voids. 
         [0092]    Although in most embodiments of the invention, the modules are preferably located interior to that of the frame front or temple and closer to the wearer, there are other inventive embodiments where the module may be located on the side of the frame front, on the temple farthest away from the wearer, on both the inside of the temple closest to the wearer, on the outside of the temple away from the wearer, located within the temple, or any combination thereof. 
         [0093]    When a hinge-less temple is used, the module can be located on or in the temple end piece behind the ear of the wearer. Alternatively, the module may be split such that one module is located behind the ear and another module is located within the right or left temple spatial void that is common to a side of the wearer&#39;s head. 
         [0094]    By sizing the module to be no higher than the width of the front of the frame stem section  1240 , the module is completely undetectable by an observer. Power is preferably provided to the lens via a two conductor flex circuit  1270  extending from the module through the frame stem  1240 . 
         [0095]    In some embodiments in which a hinge-less temple is used the hinge-less temple may be made of titanium which is conductive to electrical current. In this case, the titanium may be used as one of the electrical leads. Another lead may be affixed onto or into the frame. A very thin conductor may be adhesively applied to the inside of the temple and sealed by way of a lacquer or polymer that is cured over the thin conductor. In this embodiment, since the temple is hinge-less, the electronics can be located anywhere along or in said temple. The temple itself becomes, in part, a conductor of electrical current from the module or modules to where the hinge-less temple connects to either the lens or to the front of the eyeglass frame. 
         [0096]      FIGS. 13A and 13B  illustrate another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment has a module  1240  containing two batteries  1220  and  1230 . In this embodiment, the height of the module may be too large to accommodate the printed circuit board that is used to drive the electro-active lenses. In such cases, a second module will be required to provide for the space required for the printed circuit board. 
         [0097]      FIG. 13C  illustrates a module  1370  that combines  1350  and  1300 . The modules  1350  and  1300  may be electrically connected to each other via means of a flex circuit connector, or other means known in the art. 
         [0098]      FIG. 13D  illustrates the combined module  1370  placed in the frame  1250  near the front of the frame but behind the frame stem section  1240  of the frame. This arrangement of the electronics in the frame allows for a cosmetically acceptable placement of the electronics and battery that is needed for powering an electro-active lens. 
         [0099]    The module may further include one or more of the following: a manual switch (for example, a touch button, photo-detector, motion detector, capacitive touch sensor), a controller and/or micro-processor, a power source (for example, a small battery), a sensor (for example, one or more miniature or micro tilt switches, accelerometer, micro gyro, range finder, view detector, imager), an antenna, a transmitter, a transceiver or a receiver. The module preferably houses any of the aforementioned electrical components in a substantially water-proof and wear resistant/moisture resistant environment and is preferably hermetically sealed. In the event of a malfunction of one or more of the electronic components housed within the module, the module can be replaced without having to repurchase a complete pair of new electronic eyewear (lenses and frames) or just the frames. It should be pointed out that in certain applications, a single inventive electronic module may be sufficient, and in others, two or more modules may be needed. The embodiments described in  FIGS. 12 and 13  allow for modification of any number of existing frames that otherwise were not originally designed to support electronics for driving electro-active lenses. 
         [0100]      FIG. 14  illustrates one possible electrical contact into the lens from the frame. Pins or bolts  1410  and  1420  provide electrical power from the drive circuit into the lens  1400 . 
         [0101]      FIGS. 15A through 15C  illustrate a method of controlling the electro-active lens using a tilt switch that may be contained in the module. The tilt switch should preferably have a wide angle for making contact and a smaller angle for breaking contact. In particular,  FIG. 15A  illustrates the wearer looking on a straight level ahead substantially to the horizon. In this position, the lens would be preferably switched off. As wearer lowers his head passed angle α, the electro-active lens would be deliberately turned off. In this illustration, the angle α may be a large angle, perhaps as large as 45 degrees or more. In preferred embodiments, angle α may be in a range of from about 25 to about 85 degrees, with a most preferred range of 35 to 75 degrees. When the switch has been activated, because the wearer has deliberately moved his head to past angle α, the electro-active lens would remain in its on state until the person raises his head above the angle β, as illustrated in  FIG. 15C . In preferred embodiments, angle β may be in a range of from about 0 to about 45 degrees with a most preferred range of 0 to 25 degrees. By having a tilt switch of an electro-active lens operate in this manner, a person can control his lens without having to manually touch a switch on the frame. 
         [0102]    Although the particular embodiments shown and described above will prove to be useful in many applications in the ophthalmic and the electronic eyewear art to which the present invention pertains, further modifications of the present invention will occur to persons skilled in the art. All such modifications are deemed to be within the scope and spirit of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.