Abstract:
The invention provides users of either a unified messaging mailbox or simple plain text storage mailbox, with media and device sensitive methods and apparatus to convert messages from one medium to another (when necessary) taking into account the type of target device (for example, cell phone, PDA, pager, etc.), being used to access a stored message Additionally, the invention provides methods and apparatus for determining target device type and for summarizing message content based on target device type.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The invention relates to methods and apparatus for performing media/device sensitive processing of messages stored in unified multimedia and plain text mailboxes. More particularly, the invention relates to methods and apparatus for (1) converting messages from one medium to another (when necessary); taking into account the type of target device (for example, cell phone, PDA, pager, etc.), being used to access a stored message; (2) determining target device type; and (3) summarizing message content based on target device type.  
           [0003]    2. Brief Description of the Prior Art  
           [0004]    Business people receive many different kinds of messages, e.g. electronic mail, voice mail, fax, video messages, attachments to electronic mail. It is possible and desirable to have all messages sent to a single mail box from which they may all be retrieved regardless of the message type. However, the only retrieval device which is capable of reading all of these different types of messages is a personal computer having a graphical display and audio video capability. Unfortunately, it is not always possible or convenient to retrieve messages with a personal computer.  
           [0005]    A unified mailbox where all kinds of media (voice, fax, e-mail, and video) are made accessible and/or visible from virtually anywhere to a subscriber or user in one basket is a convenient means of communication when compared to handling multiple mailboxes with distinct media. Current solutions for a unified mailbox are inefficient, however, for someone with an intense communication style and a frequent need to handle his/her messages remotely. The mismatch of media type of the information and the capabilities of the various (often limited) devices used for remote access places a heavy burden on the user and the interface of the system. This is especially true for the interfaces utilizing a telephone with no display, or handheld devices with limited display capabilities.  
           [0006]    Some of the problems arise in the context of compound and/or lengthy messages in connection with one or the other access means. For example, it is not possible to deliver voice and fax messages to a text-only e-mail capable device. It is also difficult to deal with lengthy e-mails delivered to a voice-only interface or to a text-interface with limited capabilities. Even when the device has a fully functional GUI interface, there is room for increased efficiency with large amounts of data. It is a challenge to efficiently present the information in various office document formats (e.g., Word Processor, Spreadsheet, and Presentations) associated with a message. It is often difficult to locate and visually present related messages and attachments. When the mailbox has many messages in it, it is difficult to reference the messages.  
           [0007]    Other problems arise due to the increased amount of information the unified mailbox can provide. Current mechanisms for organizing and presenting relationships among messages (listing by arrival time, subject, sender, etc.) are insufficient for a large number of messages of varying media and, especially, mixed media within a given message.  
           [0008]    It would be desirable to provide a flexible, media independent way of finding and navigating related messages. With current systems, for example, the user is unable to recognize that there is a relationship between a voice message and a fax without listening to the voice message and displaying/printing the fax.  
           [0009]    Because the presentation of unified mailbox information is more complex, especially if relationships as described hereinabove are incorporated into the presentation, identifying an individual item (message or message attachment) for further action can become problematic. How does the client/user identify to the server which message is to be acted upon? Are the entire message and its attachments to be involved? Is it a single attachment or only the original message body? And if the messages are presented in a “graph” format, how does the user select an individual item? 
           [0010]    Current unified mailbox systems offer media sensitivity for message retrieval only when accessed with a graphical user interface (GUI) from a PC client. If a particular media or office document is attached to an e-mail, the user needs to click-on it in order to launch a specific application, for example, an audio player for voice, tiff-viewer for fax, video player to view a video message, etc.  
           [0011]    For users with intense communication requirements (e.g. executives or customer service agents who receive hundreds of compound messages daily) there are no means to quickly process inbox messages except by the sender information, the subject line, and maybe few lines of the message body. In order to read messages, the user has to click on or mark a certain item in a graphical interface in order to get to the message body.  
           [0012]    No content summarization of lengthy text messages or respective attachments is available yet that would remarkably improve the efficiency of handling the daily information avalanche in the office.  
           [0013]    Current mailbox searching does not provide visual display of content and temporal relationships. No search capability exists yet for non-text messages.  
           [0014]    If a unified mailbox is accessed from a telephone interface, voice and e-mail messages are retrievable and the user can listen to both. Existing text-to-speech technology provides a means to convert the e-mail to voice. A fax message can be forwarded to a fax machine or printer.  
           [0015]    However, if an e-mail contains an attachment, the systems are able to indicate that, but are unable to access its content. Similarly, the contents of a fax or other documents attached to an e-mail are indicated but not accessible to the user accessing the mailbox with a telephone interface.  
           [0016]    If an e-mail is lengthy, the user may be able to navigate through it by accelerating the text-to-speech reading speed. However, there is no means of text content summarization applied to shorten the process without eventually losing/skipping critical content.  
           [0017]    If messages are forwarded to a handheld device via a wireless service but the device has limited text-display capabilities only certain parts of the email (From, Subject and a limited number of characters of the message body) can be displayed. If the critical information in the message is not in the beginning of the message body that is displayed, it is “lost” to the recipient. He/she has to use other access methods or make a call into the messaging system/server to retrieve the full text message (by listening to it or by initiating a printing to a device nearby).  
           [0018]    As mentioned above, voice and other media attachments are indicated but not transmitted and/or displayed on a text-only display. The user needs to use other access methods to retrieve the messages. Additionally, no text content summarization methods are utilized to deal with access device technology limitations.  
           [0019]    Full message sensitivity is only provided when accessing a mailbox with a multimedia PC. However even multimedia PCs lack any means to summarize message content in order to make it more efficient for the recipient to read his/her lengthy messages. Also, there are yet no means to summarize content of attached documents.  
           [0020]    When accessing a mailbox with a telephone, the media and device sensitivity is limited to voice and e-mail. Again, no techniques of text content summarization are applied yet in order to make the retrieval of the message information over the phone more convenient.  
           [0021]    In the case of handheld or mobile devices with limited text-display capabilities, the problem is that lengthy messages are usually not transmitted in their entirety by the wireless/paging service providers. Additionally, any other media attachments are “lost”. No content summarization of lengthy text messages or respective attachments is available yet that would remarkably improve the efficiency of handling the daily information avalanche in the office.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0022]    It is therefore an object of the invention to provide methods and apparatus for accessing multimedia messages from a unified mailbox.  
           [0023]    It is also an object of the invention to provide methods and apparatus for converting media types in a unified multimedia mailbox.  
           [0024]    It is another object of the invention to provide methods and apparatus for summarizing the content of messages in a unified multimedia mailbox.  
           [0025]    It is yet another object of the invention to provide methods and apparatus for cross referencing related messages based on content.  
           [0026]    It is another object of the invention to provide methods and apparatus for improved handling of email attachments.  
           [0027]    It is still another object of the invention to provide methods and apparatus for customizing mail handling based on a system profile adapted to the device used to access the mailbox.  
           [0028]    In accord with these objects which will be discussed in detail below the apparatus and associated methods of the invention include a mail server that provides multimedia message inbox for one or several users on a network; a subsystem that detects media attachments to messages in a mailbox; a subsystem that converts media attachments into another media type using text-to-speech, fax-to-text, video voice track into text and speech-to-text; a subsystem that analyzes and summarizes the text content of original or converted media in respect of the linguistic meaning; a subsystem that delivers appropriate media according to an access device and message purpose, as defined in a profile; a subsystem that identifies cross-media interrelationships between messages and controls the media conversions necessary for this analysis; and a subsystem that controls a reference number scheme.  
           [0029]    The methods and apparatus of the invention solve the problems discussed above by utilizing advanced media conversion methods, analysis and summarization of message content, and intelligent forwarding concepts. It provides access device and media sensitive intelligence for a mailbox when retrieving or forwarding a particular message.  
           [0030]    The concept of media conversion is extended beyond text-to-speech to other attachments; a speaker-independent, large vocabulary, telephony-quality speech recognition engine is utilized to convert a voice message to text or to convert the voice track of a video attachment into readable text. Similarly, fax information is converted into text.  
           [0031]    According to the invention, the content of messages is automatically summarized. The summarization of a message content is an improvement toward efficiency, particularly in the case of a forwarded lengthy message to a handheld device with limited display capabilities. The same is true for reading a lengthy message over the phone. Summarization is also applied to attached media (e.g. fax, Word document) extends even the media content accessible.  
           [0032]    Both, the media conversion and the content summarization applied together provide compatibility with the access device. Depending on the user, the types of potential access devices are usually predefined; therefore messages along with their attachments that form the message content can be tailored to those devices while accessed or forwarded according to a profile. This ensures the availability of more information to the recipient at the device of choice and that is probably most convenient. Still, if the user requires more information, he/she can utilize another access method.  
           [0033]    The invention also provides cross-media searching and visual displaying. Often messages related to a specific topic of interest to the user are in different media and spread throughout the message store (e.g. in different folders). The cross-media search finds these messages and presents them to the user in a way that makes the content and time relationships clear allowing efficient use of the otherwise overwhelming amount of information. The search engine utilizes sophisticated linguistically based analysis tools to discover the message relationships.  
           [0034]    Additionally, a reference number scheme for all messages is provided. All messages in a particular group of messages of interest to the user are assigned a reference number to be used in further actions. Thus a PDA user can, for example, get a summary of messages with reference numbers and an indication of the message type. This reference number may then be used to access that message, and through it, a particular attachment to that message for further. Voice commands may be used to invoke actions on items more efficiently using the reference numbers of messages.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0035]    [0035]FIG. 1 is a high level block diagram of a multimedia mail system according to the invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0036]    Turning now to FIG. 1, an integrated multimedia messaging system according to the invention includes a mail server  10  that provides multimedia message inbox for one or several users on a network; a mail processor  11 ; a subsystem  12  that detects media attachments to messages in a mailbox; one or more subsystems that converts media attachments into another media type using text-to-speech  14 , fax-to-text  16 , video voice track into text  18  and speech-to-text  20  a subsystem  22  that analyzes and summarizes the text content of original or converted media in respect of the linguistic meaning; a subsystem  24  that delivers appropriate media according to an access device and message purpose, as defined in a profile; a subsystem  26  that identifies cross-media interrelationships between messages and controls the media conversions necessary for this analysis; and a subsystem  28  that controls a reference number scheme.  
         [0037]    The invention can better be understood through an illustrative example such as the notification of a single-media voice message to a data pager. The following describes an example of this process involving a user that has a multimedia mailbox and a data pager who receives a voice message.  
         [0038]    The problem is to provide the “best” information to the pager so the user can proceed most efficiently. What is the “best” information will vary according to the user&#39;s actual preferences, but will most likely include sender identification and meaningful portions of the message itself. In addition, there are probably messages the user would prefer to delay any handling of until an appropriate device is available. Thus the steps for sending voice messages to a pager would include: a) filtering messages to be processed, b) speech-to-text conversion, c) summarization and post filtering, and d) selection and delivery of text information to the device.  
         [0039]    Since the resources involved in processing a message may be large, messages are pre-filtered. Speech-to-Text is “expensive” in its use of resources. Interrupting the user with any but the most important messages can be an unnecessary expense of the user&#39;s time and attention as well as a waste of system resources. Thus a mechanism to prevent the presentation of a message to a given device is important. This filtering is based on a variety of data including sender, message priority, etc. and the criteria for filtering is stored in the system profile for the user.  
         [0040]    Voice messages which pass through the pre-filter are converted to text. This is most efficiently accomplished on the server side, perhaps with a dedicated “helper” server explicitly for the server so as not to disturb other processing on the server. The resulting text message is then be associated with the original message (as the text message body or as a separate attachment).  
         [0041]    Before sending the text message to the pager, it is subjected to post-conversion filtering and summarization. Post-conversion filtering is optional, preventing processing of messages that appear not to be on a topic deemed important to the user. If it does not appear important, it would then remain in the mailbox to be processed. If the message survives the post-conversion filtering step, the text is then summarized.  
         [0042]    Most simply, summarization includes reduction to a list of keywords and phrases found within the text. The summarization is created by removing from the message words/phrases not found within the user-defined list of keywords/phrases. More complex summarization includes allowing the user to specify the keyword/phrase list based on the sender of the message.  
         [0043]    Since the message is a speech-to-text conversion, the keywords and their homonyms should be checked. An option on the summarization, for example a check box that says “allow homonyms”, could be utilized to enable this feature.  
         [0044]    Even more complex summarization methods contemplated by the invention involve performing sophisticated grammatical parsing and analysis.  
         [0045]    Data is transmitted to the pager based on a user defined data selection criteria which is stored as a template in the system profile for the user. The data available for selection includes sender same, time, summary, message priority, un-summarized text, and other fields as available.  
         [0046]    The user describes a template that indicates the information desired and the number of characters of each field desired. For example:  
         [0047]    “From %SENDER% at %TIME%: %100SUMMARY% ” 
         [0048]    indicates that the user wants a string that includes the entire sender name, the received time and the first 100 characters of the summary to appear on his pager.  
         [0049]    When the user receives the page, the summary information gives him/her enough information to determine how critical the message is. If it appears critical, he/she may choose to access the entire message using a different device, e.g. a telephone.  
         [0050]    Another example is the retrieval of text messages (such as email) via a telephone. Text messages are pre-filtered as described above. The text is then summarized. The summary is then converted to speech which is played on the telephone to the user calling in for messages.  
         [0051]    Still another example is sending a fax message to a PDA. Fax messages are pre-filtered based on sender and priority. The fax messages which pass through the filter are converted to text with OCR (optical character recognition) software. The text is summarized. Data is selected using a user defined template. The text message is sent tot he PDA and the user is “notified”.  
         [0052]    In general, a user can define a “morphing process” for messages in the context of any particular target device such as a pager or a cell phone with a limited display.  
         [0053]    The morphing process is a combination of message filtering, message restructuring, data conversion, data summarization, data selection and notification steps that are configured to handle particular media types for particular target devices. Each user may define a set of rules and parameters for each device type defining how messages are morphed.  
         [0054]    For example, a user may have a Voice Message-to-Pager morph definition that would do the following:  
         [0055]    (a) filter messages based on sender and priority, removing from further processing (i.e. leaving on the server) messages that are not deemed urgent enough to disturb the user while out of the office;  
         [0056]    (b) perform speech-to-text conversion;  
         [0057]    (c) summarize the text based on criteria defined by the user;  
         [0058]    (d) perform further filtering based on the summarized/converted text;  
         [0059]    (e) organize the text in a template; and  
         [0060]    (f) send the message to the pager.  
         [0061]    In general, a morphing process will include these steps in some order determined by the user. In addition, message restructuring steps allow the user to handle multiple attachments of varying media attached to the message. For example, the user may select that a summary of the attachments be created (attachment name and media type) or may request that the attachments be expanded, converted and summarized as described above for the single media message.  
         [0062]    There have been described and illustrated herein methods and apparatus for processing multimedia messages. While particular embodiments of the invention have been described, it is not intended that the invention be limited thereto, as it is intended that the invention be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. It will therefore be appreciated by those skilled in the art that yet other modifications could be made to the provided invention without deviating from its spirit and scope as so claimed.