Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a device that includes a bias line to which a bias current flows, a switch circuit controlling an amount of the bias current based on a control signal, a control line to which the control signal is supplied, and a cancellation circuit substantially cancelling a potential fluctuation of the bias line caused by changing the control signal, the potential fluctuation propagating via a parasitic capacitance between the control line and the bias line.

Description:
[0001]    This Application is a Continuation Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/398,711, filed on Feb. 16, 2012, which, in turn, claims priority to Japanese Patent Application 2011-036041, filed on Feb. 22, 2011. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, and more particularly relates to a semiconductor device capable of switching a bias current flowing along a bias line. 
         [0004]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0005]    There are cases that a semiconductor device switches the amount of a bias current flowing along a bias line. As an example, a type of duty-cycle control circuit that controls a duty cycle of a clock signal has a function to change a duty cycle based on a bias current (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2009-65633). In such a type of duty-cycle control circuit, a feedback control of changing the amount of the bias current that flows along the bias line in response to the present duty cycle of the clock signal is conducted for the purpose of stabilizing the duty cycle of the clock signal to a desired value (typically, 50%). 
         [0006]    However, changing a bias current that flows along a bias line can cause generation of noise on the bias line due to on and off of a switch. In this case, noise is generated whenever the bias current is changed. If such noise is generated in the above-mentioned duty-cycle control circuit which changes a duty cycle based on a bias current, there is a risk that the duty-cycle control circuit cannot stabilize the duty cycle of the clock signal to a desired value. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    In one embodiment, there is provided a semiconductor device that includes: a bias line to which a bias current flows; a switch circuit controlling an amount of the bias current based on a control signal; a control line to which the control signal is supplied; and a cancellation circuit substantially cancelling a potential fluctuation of the bias line caused by changing the control signal, the potential fluctuation propagating via a parasitic capacitance between the control line and the bias line. 
         [0008]    In another embodiment, there is provided a semiconductor device that includes: a bias line to which a bias current flows; a switch circuit including a plurality of MOS transistors each having a gate electrode and a drain, each of the gate electrodes having a different width from each other, and the drains being commonly coupled to the bias line; a control circuit supplying each of control signals to the gate electrode of an associated one of the MOS transistors; and a plurality of balance capacities each having a different capacitance from each other, and each having one end being commonly coupled to the bias line and the other end to which an inversion signal of an associated one of the control signals is supplied. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a semiconductor device  10  according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0010]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of the DLL circuit  20  shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0011]      FIG. 3  is a circuit diagram showing an example of the duty-cycle adjustment circuit  22  shown in  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0012]      FIG. 4  is a wave form diagram for explaining an operation of the duty-cycle adjustment circuit  22  shown in  FIG. 3 ; 
           [0013]      FIG. 5  is a circuit diagram showing an example of the bias circuit  26  shown in  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0014]      FIG. 6  is a waveform diagram for schematically explaining an operation of the bias circuit  26  shown in  FIG. 5 ; and 
           [0015]      FIG. 7  is a circuit diagram of the delay line  21  shown in  FIG. 2 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       [0016]    Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explained below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
         [0017]    Referring now to  FIG. 1 , the semiconductor device  10  according to the present embodiment includes a main circuit  11  and an output buffer  12  that drives a data output terminal  13  based on internal data RD output from the main circuit  11 . Although the type of the semiconductor device  10  is not limited to any specific one, the semiconductor device  10  is a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), for example. When the semiconductor device  10  is a DRAM, the main circuit  11  includes a memory cell array and an access circuit (such as a decoder) for accessing the memory cell array. In this case, an address signal ADD and a command signal CMD are input to the main circuit  11  via an address terminal  14  and a command terminal  15 , respectively. When the command signal CMD indicates a read command, data is read from a memory cell specified by the address signal ADD and output as read data DQ from a data output terminal  13 . However, the present invention is not limited to DRAMs, but is also applicable to semiconductor memory devices other than DRAMs or semiconductor devices other than semiconductor memory devices. 
         [0018]    The output buffer  12  operates synchronously with an internal clock signal LCLK. The internal clock signal LCLK is generated by that a DLL circuit  20  delays an external clock signal CK supplied from outside via a clock terminal  16 . The internal clock signal LCLK generated by the DLL circuit  20  is supplied to a replica buffer  30  substantially the same in the circuit configuration as the output buffer  12 . An output from the replica buffer  30 , that is, a replica clock RepCLK is fed back to the DLL circuit  20 . Because the replica buffer  30  is substantially the same in the circuit configuration as the output buffer  12 , the phase of the replica clock RepCLK output from the replica buffer  30  accurately matches the phase of the read data DQ output from the output buffer  12 . The DLL circuit  20  determines the delay amount in the external clock signal CK upon reception of the replica clock RepCLK, and controls the duty cycle of the internal clock signal LCLK, which is to be output from the DLL circuit  20 , to 50%. 
         [0019]    Turning to  FIG. 2 , the DLL circuit  20  includes a delay line  21  that delays the external clock signal CK and a duty-cycle adjustment circuit  22  that adjusts the duty cycle of an internal clock signal LCLKa output from the delay line  21 . An output from the duty-cycle adjustment circuit  22  is used as the internal clock signal LCLK. The DLL circuit  20  also includes a phase detection circuit  23 , a counter circuit  24 , a duty-cycle detection circuit  25 , and a bias circuit  26 . 
         [0020]    The phase detection circuit  23  compares the phase of the external clock signal CK with the phase of the replica clock RepCLK, and generates a phase determination signal PD based on the result of comparison. For example, the phase detection circuit  23  sets the phase determination signal PD to a low level when the phase of the replica clock RepCLK lags behind the phase of the external clock signal CK, and sets it to a high level when the phase of the replica clock RepCLK leads over the phase of the external clock signal CK. The phase detection circuit  23  supplies the phase determination signal PD to the counter circuit  24 . The counter circuit  24  counts up or counts down a count value COUNT based on the phase determination signal PD. 
         [0021]    The counter circuit  24  supplies the count value COUNT to the delay line  21 , and the delay line  21  changes the delay amount in the external clock signal CK based on the count value COUNT. Accordingly, for example, when the phase determination signal PD is at a low level, the counter circuit  24  counts down the count value COUNT, and the delay line  21  reduces the delay amount in the external clock signal CK. As a result, the phase of the replica clock RepCLK is advanced until matching the phase of the external clock signal CK. Conversely, when the phase determination signal PD is a high level, the counter circuit  24  counts up the count value COUNT, and the delay line  21  increases the delay amount in the external clock signal CK. Accordingly, the phase of the replica clock RepCLK is delayed until matching the phase of the external clock signal CK. 
         [0022]    Meanwhile, the duty-cycle detection circuit  25  detects the duty cycle of the replica clock RepCLK, and generates a duty-cycle control signal DD based on the result of detection. In the present embodiment, although not limited thereto, the duty-cycle control signal DD is a three-bit binary signal. The duty-cycle detection circuit  25  supplies the duty-cycle control signal DD to the bias circuit  26 . 
         [0023]    The bias circuit  26  generates a bias voltage Vbias based on the duty-cycle control signal DD. Since the duty-cycle control signal DD is a three-bit binary signal as described above in the present embodiment, the bias circuit  26  changes the level of the bias signal Vbias in eight stages (=2 3 ). The bias circuit  26  is described later in detail. The bias voltage Vbias generated by the bias circuit  26  is supplied to the duty-cycle adjustment circuit  22 . 
         [0024]    Turning to  FIG. 3 , the duty-cycle adjustment circuit  22  includes three stages of inverters  41  to  43  connected in series. The internal clock signal LCLKa is supplied to the initial stage inverter  41 , and the last stage inverter  43  outputs the internal clock signal LCLK. A bias transistor  45  is connected to a clock transmission line  44  that connects the inverter  41  to the inverter  42 , and a bias transistor  47  is connected to a clock transmission line  46  that connects the inverter  42  to the inverter  43 . The bias voltage Vbias is supplied to gates of both the bias transistors  45  and  47 , and a ground potential VSSDL is supplied to sources thereof. For this reason, transmission characteristics of the clock transmission lines  44  and  46  change according to the bias voltage Vbias. 
         [0025]      FIG. 4  shows a state where the duty cycle of the internal clock signal LCLKa exceeds 50%. In this case, the level of the bias voltage Vbias is raised. That is, the amount of electric charge extracted by the bias transistors  45  and  47  is increased. As a result, as shown in  FIG. 4 , the times for rising of the clock signals LCLKb and LCLKc transmitting on the clock transmission lines  44  and  46 , respectively, lengthen. The internal clock signal LCLK output from the last stage inverter  43  inverts whenever the clock signal LCLKc on the clock transmission line  46  exceeds a threshold value Vt of the inverter  43 . Therefore, the duty cycle of the finally obtained internal clock signal LCLK becomes lower than that of the internal clock signal LCLKa. In this way, the duty cycle of the internal clock signal LCLK is controlled to be 50%. 
         [0026]    Turning to  FIG. 5 , the bias circuit  26  includes a bias source  50  that constitutes an input side of a current mirror circuit, a current source  60  that constitutes an output side of the current mirror circuit, and a switch  70  that is connected between the current source  60  and a bias line VL. 
         [0027]    The bias source  50  includes a P-channel MOS transistor  51 , a resistor  52 , and an N-channel MOS transistor  53  that are connected in series between a power supply potential VPERD and the ground potential VSSDL. A gate and a drain of the transistor  51  are short-circuited to each other, thereby constituting an input transistor of the current mirror circuit. The transistor  53  is provided to activate the bias source  50 , and an activation signal ACT is input to a gate of the transistor  53 . Therefore, a constant current flows to the bias source  50  in response that the level of the activation signal ACT becomes high, and the potential of a node A becomes equal to a predetermined potential. 
         [0028]    The current source  60  includes three P-channel MOS transistors  61  to  63 . Sources of the P-channel MOS transistors  61  to  63  are connected to the power supply potential VPERD and gates thereof are connected to the node A. Therefore, the transistors  61  to  63  constitute an output transistor of the current mirror circuit. The transistors  61  to  63  have a different channel width to each other. In the present embodiment, assuming that the channel width of the transistor  61  is Wa, the channel widths of the transistors  62  and  63  are set to 2 Wa and 4 Wa, respectively. Therefore, assuming that a drain current of the transistor  61  is Ia, drain currents of the transistors  62  and  63  are set to 2 Ia and 4 Ia, respectively. 
         [0029]    The switch  70  includes three P-channel MOS transistors  71  to  73  connected between the current source  60  and the bias line VL. A source of each of the transistors  71  to  73  is connected to a drain of the corresponding one of the transistors  61  to  63 . Three bits DD 1  to DD 3  that constitute the duty cycle signal DD are supplied to gates of the transistors  71  to  73 , respectively. The transistors  71  to  73  are thereby controlled to be turned on or off independently based on the respective bits DD 1  to DD 3  of the duty-cycle control signal DD. In the present embodiment, the transistors  71  to  73  have a different channel width to each other, similarly to the transistors  61  to  63 , so as to reduce ON resistance. Assuming that the channel width of the transistor  71  is Wb, the channel widths of the transistors  72  and  73  are set to 2 Wb and 4 Wb, respectively. The channel width Wb can be set equal to the channel width Wa. 
         [0030]    With this configuration, the amount of the bias current flowing from the current source  60  to the bias line VL is controlled on eight stages based on the duty cycle signal DD. As shown in  FIG. 5 , a current-to-voltage conversion circuit  80  that is constituted by a diode-corrected N-channel MOS transistor is connected to the bias line VL. Accordingly, the potential of the bias line VL becomes a level according to the amount of the bias current flowing into the bias line VL, that is, the value of the duty cycle signal DD. 
         [0031]    Furthermore, in the present embodiment, balance capacities  91  to  93  are connected to the bias line VL. The balance capacities  91  to  93  are constituted by P-channel MOS transistors each having a source short-circuited to a drain. The sources and drains of the transistors are connected to the bias line VL, and inversion signals of the three bits DD 1  to DD 3  constituting the duty-cycle control signal DD are supplied to gates of the transistors, respectively. In the present embodiment, the transistors constituting the respective balance capacities  91  to  93  have also a different channel width to each other. Assuming that the channel width of the transistor that constitutes the balance capacity  91  is Wc, the channel widths of the transistors that constitute the balance capacities  92  and  93  are set to 2 Wc and 4 Wc, respectively. The channel width Wc is preferably half the channel width Wb. 
         [0032]    The balance capacities  91  to  93  act as cancellers of noise which is generated in the bias line VL when the transistors  71  to  73  constituting the switch  70  change from an ON-state to an OFF-state or from an OFF-state to an ON-state. 
         [0033]    That is, when a logic level of the bits DD 1  to DD 3  constituting the duty-cycle control signal DD changes, the noise resulting from the parasitic capacitances between control lines for transmitting the respective bits DD 1  to DD 3  and the bias line VL are superimposed on the bias line VL. These parasitic capacitances mainly consist of parasitic capacitances Cgd between the gates and drains of the transistors  71  to  73 . For example, when the bit DD 1  changes from a low level to a high level, the parasitic capacitance Cgd included in the transistor  71  instantaneously increases the level of the bias line VL. Conversely, when the bit DD 1  changes from a high level to a low level, the level of the bias line VL instantaneously drops. To design a compensation capacitance  81  to have a large capacitance can curtail such noise to some extent. However, this delays the change in the bias voltage Vbias in response to the change in the duty cycle signal DD. 
         [0034]    The balance capacities  91  to  93  solve the above problems. That is, the inversion signals of the bits DD 1  to DD 3  are supplied to the balance capacities  91  to  93 , respectively. Therefore, the noise superimposed on the bias line VL via the transistors  71  to  73  because of changes in the bits DD 1  to DD 3  is cancelled by noise superimposed on the bias line VL via the balance capacities  91  to  93  because of the changes in the bits DD 1  to DD 3 . For example, when the bit DD 1  changes from a low level to a high level, the noise via the transistor  71  is supposed to instantaneously increase the level of the bias line VL. At the same time, however, the noise via the balance capacitance  91  instantaneously drops the level of the bias line VL. As a consequence, no noise is generated in the bias voltage. In this way, the balance capacities  91  to  93  function as cancellation circuits that cancel a potential fluctuation in the bias line VL generated when the duty-cycle control signal DD changes. 
         [0035]    Furthermore, the noise can be cancelled almost completely with designing the channel width We to be half of the channel width Wb as described above. The reason is as follows: The noise via the transistors  71  to  73  derives from the parasitic capacitances Cgd between the gates and drains of the transistors  71  to  73 . On the other hand, the noise via the balance capacities  91  to  93  derives from both the parasitic capacitances between the gates and drains of the transistors  71  to  73  and parasitic capacitances between the gates and sources thereof. Therefore, if the channel widths are equally set to the transistors  71  to  73  and the balance capacities  91  to  93 , the balance capacities  91  to  93  will have the capacitances twice as large as those of the transistors  71  to  73 . But, in the present embodiment, the channel widths of the transistors constituting the respective balance capacities  91  to  93  are set half as large as the channel widths of the transistors  71  to  73 . Therefore the noise can be completely cancelled. It should be noted that the above descriptions have been given on the premise that the channel widths of the respective transistors are constant. When the channel widths are considered to change, “gate areas” can replace the “channel widths”. 
         [0036]    As indicated by a waveform A in  FIG. 6  which represents a comparative example in which the bias circuit  26  does not employ the balance capacities  91  to  93 , large noise is superimposed on the bias voltage Vbias before and after the changes in the duty-cycle control signal DD (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and onwards). Particularly in the duty-cycle adjustment circuit  22  shown in  FIG. 3 , the bias line VL is directly connected to gates of the bias transistors  45  and  47 . Therefore, the noise superimposed on the bias voltage Vbias directly influences the bias transistors  45  and  47 . This possibly prevents the duty-cycle adjustment circuit  22  from adjusting the duty cycle of the internal clock signal LCLK to the desired value. 
         [0037]    On the other hand, in the present embodiment, as indicated by a waveform B in  FIG. 6 , the level of the bias voltage Vbis normally changes when the duty-cycle control signal DD changes, and no noise is generated before and after the change. This makes the amount of the electric charge extracted by the bias transistors  45  and  47  equal to a desired amount. And thus it becomes possible for the duty-cycle adjustment circuit  22  to adjust the duty cycle of the internal clock signal LCLK to the desired value (typically,  50 %). In this way, according to the present embodiment, the bias circuit  26  can cancel the noise on the bias line VL and it becomes possible for the duty-cycle adjustment circuit  22  to adjust the duty cycle to the desired value, despite the gates of the bias transistors  45  and  47  to be controlled are directly connected to the bias line VL, and for that reason, the noise superimposed on the bias line VL has a great effect on the duty cycle. 
         [0038]    The embodiment of applying the present invention to the bias circuit  26  that controls the duty-cycle adjustment circuit  22  has been described above. However, the applicable range of the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the present invention can be also applied to the delay line  21 . 
         [0039]    Turning to  FIG. 7 , the delay line  21  includes an inverter array  220  of a plurality of inverters (in this example, four stages), a constant current circuit  231  that applies an operating current to sources of P-channel MOS transistors constituting the inverter array  220 , a constant current circuit  232  that applies an operating current to sources of N-channel MOS transistors constituting the inverter array  220 , and a current adjustment circuit  240  that determines a current Ib of the constant current circuits  231  and  232 . 
         [0040]    The current adjustment circuit  240  includes three select transistors  241  to  243  connected in parallel. The select transistors  241  to  243  have weighted current supply capabilities. Assuming that the channel width of the select transistor  241  is Wd, the channel width of the select transistors  242  and  243  are designed to 2 Wd and 4 Wd, respectively. Furthermore, inversion signals of three bits C 1  to C 3  that constitute the count value COUNT of the counter circuit  24  are supplied to gates of the select transistors  241  to  243 , respectively. The current adjustment circuit  240  thereby selects one of eight current values based on the three-bit count value COUNT. 
         [0041]    The current Ib generated by the current adjustment circuit  240  based on the count value COUNT is copied by current mirror circuits included in the constant current circuits  231  and  232 , and applied to the inverter array  220  as an operating current. The operating current changes transmission characteristics of the inverter array  220  that determine delay amounts. Therefore, the count value COUNT can control the phase of the internal clock signal LCLK. 
         [0042]    Furthermore, in the present embodiment, balance capacities  291  to  293  are connected to drains of the select transistors  241  to  243 , respectively, and the three bits C 1  to C 3  that constitute the count value COUNT are supplied to gates of transistors that constitute the respective balance capacities  291  to  293 . Channel widths of the transistors that constitute the balance capacities  291  to  293  are preferably Wd/2, Wd, and 2 Wd, respectively for the same reason as that described above. By configuring the delay line  21  in this manner, the noise generated by the changes in the count value COUNT is cancelled by the balance capacities  291  to  293 . 
         [0043]    Therefore, the phase of the internal clock signal LCLK can be accurately controlled. 
         [0044]    It is apparent that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but may be modified and changed without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. 
         [0045]    For example, in the above embodiment, both the duty-cycle control signal DD and the count value COUNT are three-bit signals. However, the numbers of bits of these signals are not limited to three. 
         [0046]    Furthermore, in the above embodiment, MOS transistors each having a source short-circuited to a drain are used as the balance capacities. However, the use of such MOS transistors is not essential in the present invention. Further, even when the MOS transistors each having a source short-circuited to a drain are used as the balance capacities, inputting of signals to gates of the MOS transistors and connection of sources and drains to the bias line are not essential in the present invention and vice versa.