Abstract:
A sampling filter process is provided for scalable video coding. The process provides for re-sampling using video data obtained from an encoder or decoder process of a base layer (BL) in a multi-layer system using adaptive phase shifting to improve quality in Scalable High efficiency Video Coding (SHVC). In order to compensate for phase offsets introduced by downsampling an appropriate phase offset adjustment is made for upsampling in SHVC with an appropriate offset included for proper luma/chroma color space positions. In one approach the luma/chroma phase offset is specified and a filter is selected to apply the appropriate phase change.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) from earlier filed U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/810,638 filed on Apr. 10, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Technical Field 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a sampling filter process for scalable video coding. More specifically, the present invention relates to re-sampling using video data obtained from an encoder or decoder process, where the encoder or decoder process can be MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) or High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Further, the present invention specifically relates to Scalable HEVC (SHVC) that includes a two layer video coding system. 
         [0004]    2. Related Art 
         [0005]    An example of a scalable video coding system using two layers is shown in  FIG. 1 . In the system of  FIG. 1 , one of the two layers is the Base Layer (BL) where a BL video is encoded in an Encoder E0, labeled  100 , and decoded in a decoder D0, labeled  102 , to produce a base layer video output BL out. The BL video is typically at a lower quality than the remaining layers, such as the Full Resolution (FR) layer that receives an input FR (y). The FR layer includes an encoder E1, labeled  104 , and a decoder D1, labeled  106 . In encoding in encoder E1  104  of the full resolution video, cross-layer (CL) information from the BL encoder  100  is used to produce enhancement layer (EL) information. The corresponding EL bitstream of the full resolution layer is then decoded in decoder D1  106  using the CL information from decoder D0  102  of the BL to output full resolution video, FR out. By using CL information in a scalable video coding system, the encoded information can be transmitted more efficiently in the EL than if the FR was encoded independently without the CL information. An example of coding that can use two layers shown in  FIG. 1  includes video coding using AVC and the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) extension of AVC, respectively. Another example that can use two layer coding is HEVC. 
         [0006]      FIG. 1  further shows block  108  with a down-arrow r illustrating a resolution reduction from the FR to the BL to illustrate that the BL can be created by a downsampling of the FR layer data. Although a downsampling is shown by the arrow r of block  108   FIG. 1 , the BL can be independently created without the downsampling process. Overall, the down arrow of block  108  illustrates that in spatial scalability, the base layer BL is typically at a lower spatial resolution than the full resolution FR layer. For example, when r=2 and the FR resolution is 3840×2160, the corresponding BL resolution is 1920×1080. 
         [0007]    The cross-layer CL information provided from the BL to the FR layer shown in  FIG. 1  illustrates that the CL information can be used in the coding of the FR video in the EL. In one example, the CL information includes pixel information derived from the encoding and decoding process of the BL. Examples of BL encoding and decoding are AVC and HEVC. Because the BL pictures are at a different spatial resolution than the FR pictures, a BL picture needs to be upsampled (or re-sampled) back to the FR picture resolution in order to generate a suitable prediction for the FR picture. 
         [0008]      FIG. 2  illustrates an upsampling process in block  200  of data from the BL layer to the EL. The components of the upsampling block  200  can be included in either or both of the encoder E1  104  and the decoder D1  106  of the EL of the video coding system of  FIG. 1 . The BL data at resolution x that is input into upsampling block  200  in  FIG. 2  is derived from one or more of the encoding and decoding processes of the BL. A BL picture is upsampled using the up-arrow r process of block  200  to generate the EL resolution output y′ that can be used as a basis for prediction of the original FR input y. 
         [0009]    The upsampling block  200  works by interpolating from the BL data to recreate what is modified from the FR data. For instance, if every other pixel is dropped from the FR in block  108  to create the lower resolution BL data, the dropped pixels can be recreated using the upsampling block  200  by interpolation or other techniques to generate the EL resolution output y′ from upsampling block  200 . The data y′ is then used to make encoding and decoding of the EL data more efficient. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0010]    Embodiments of the present invention provide systems for the upsampling process from BL resolution to EL resolution to implement the upsampling of  FIG. 2 . The upsampling process of embodiments of the present invention includes three separate modules, a first module to select input samples from the BL video signal, a second module to select a filter for filtering the samples, and a third module using phase filtering to filter the input samples to recreate video that approximates the EL resolution video. The filters of the third module can be selected from a set of fixed filters each with different phase, or one or more adaptive or variable filters with a selectable phase offset. 
         [0011]    For embodiments of the present invention luma and chroma phase offset are separately accounted for in the filtering process. In one embodiment, the luma and chroma offset used in the downsampling are determined and used to modify the phase offset determined for upsampling and a filter chosen based on the combined offset. 
         [0012]    The luma and chroma offsets can be separately accounted for in either horizontal or vertical dimensions or both using the filters. The filters can include separate row and column filters to enable parallel filter processing of samples along an entire row or column to accommodate a single dimension offset corrections for luma and chroma. 
         [0013]    A flag in syntax can be used to signal deblocking and SAO processing. For the case of AVC and HEVC, the BL pixel data used for re-sampling can either be before or after the deblocking process. And for the case of HEVC, the BL pixel data used can either be with or without SAO processing. For AVC and HEVC BL, a first syntax flag can be signaled to indicate whether the upsampling is performed on data that has been previously deblocked. If the first flag is not set, then the upsampling is performed on data prior to deblocking. If the first flag indicates that upsampling is to be performed on data that has been previously deblocked, a second syntax flag is further signaled to indicate whether the upsampling is to be performed on data that has been further processed with SAO. If the second flag is set, then the upsampling is performed on data after SAO; otherwise, it is performed on data prior to SAO but after deblocking. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0014]    Further details of the present invention are explained with the help of the attached drawings in which: 
           [0015]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of components in a scalable video coding system with two layers; 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  illustrates an upsampling process that can be used to convert the base layer data to the full resolution layer data for  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0017]      FIG. 3  shows a block diagram of components for implementing the upsampling process of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0018]      FIG. 4  shows components of the select filter module and the filters, where the filters are selected from fixed or adaptive filters to apply a desired phase shift; 
           [0019]      FIG. 5  shows a table including syntax for signaling of luma and chroma phase shift offset that is signaled to select from fixed filters; 
           [0020]      FIG. 6  shows a flow chart of simplified method steps for selecting filters using luma and chroma phase offset in a first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0021]      FIG. 7  shows a table including syntax for signaling of luma and chroma adaptive filter parameters; and 
           [0022]      FIGS. 8-9  show a flow chart of simplified method steps for signaling adaptive filters with luma and chroma phase offset in a second embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     I. Overview of Upsampling Circuitry for Adaptive Phase Correction 
       [0023]      FIG. 3  shows a general block diagram for implementing an upsampling process of  FIG. 2  for embodiments of the present invention. The upsampling or re-sampling process can be determined to minimize an error E (e.g. mean-squared error) between the upsampled data y′ and the full resolution data y. The system of  FIG. 3  includes a select input samples module  300  that samples an input video signal. The system further includes a select filter module  302  to select a filter from the subsequent filter input samples module  304  to upsample the selected input samples from module  300 . 
         [0024]    In module  300 , a set of input samples in a video signal x is first selected. In general, the samples can be a two-dimensional subset of samples in x, and a two-dimensional filter can be applied to the samples. The module  302  receives the data samples in x from module  300  and identifies the position of each sample from the data it receives, enabling module  302  to select an appropriate filter to direct the samples toward a subsequent filter module  304 . The filter in module  304  is selected to filter the input samples, where the selected filter is chosen or configured to have a phase corresponding to the particular output sample location desired. 
         [0025]    The filter input samples module  304  can include separate row and column filters. The selection of filters is represented herein as filters h[n; p], where the filters can be separable along each row or column, and p denotes a phase index selection for the filter. The output of the filtering process using the selected filter h[n; p] on the selected input samples produces output value y′. 
         [0000]    II. Circuitry with Filter Selection for Adaptive Phase Correction 
         [0026]      FIG. 4  shows details of components for the select sample module  302  of  FIG. 3  (labeled  302   a  in  FIG. 4 ) and the filters module  304  of  FIG. 3  (labeled  304   a  in  FIG. 4 ) for a system with fixed filters. For separable filtering the input samples can be along a row or column of data. To supply a set of input samples from select input samples module  300 , the select filter module  302   a  includes a select control  400  that identifies the input samples x[m] and provides a signal to a selector  402  that directs them through the selector  402  to a desired filter. The filter module  304   a  then includes the different filters h[n; p] that can be applied to the input samples, where the filter phase can be chosen among P phases from each row or column element depending on the output sample m desired. As shown, the selector  402  of module  302   a  directs the input samples to a desired column or row filter in  304   a  based on the “Filter (n) SEL” signal from select control  400 . A separate select control  400  signal “Phase (p) SEL” selects the appropriate filter phase p for each of the row or column elements. The filter module  304   a  output produces the output y′[n]. 
         [0027]    In  FIG. 4 , the outputs from individual filter components h[n; p] are shown added “+” to produce the output y′[n]. This illustrates that each box, e.g. h[0; p], represents one coefficient or number in a filter with phase p. Therefore, the filter with phase p is represented by all n+1 numbers in h[0,p], . . . , h[n; p]. This is the filter that is applied to the selected input samples to produce an output value y′[n], for example, y′[0]=h[0,p]*x[0]+h[1,p]*x[1]+ . . . +h[n,p]*x[n], requiring the addition function “+” as illustrated. As an alternative to adding in  FIG. 4 , the “+” could be replaced with a solid connection and the output y′[n] would be selected from one output of a bank of P filters representing the p phases, with the boxes h[n:p] in module  304   a  relabeled, for example, as h[n; 0], h[n,1], . . . , h[n,p−1] and now each box would have all the filter coefficients needed to form y′ [n] without the addition element required. 
         [0028]    In addition of how to configure the components of  FIG. 4  to select input samples to add or combine coefficients to form y′ [n] other modifications to the circuitry of  FIG. 4  can be made for additional embodiments of the present invention. Such modifications are described in the following sections A-C. 
         [0029]    A. Filters with Adaptive Phase Control 
         [0030]    Although the filters h[n:p] in module  304   a  are shown as separate phase fixed devices, they can be implemented using a single filter with phase p selected and adaptively controlled. The adaptive phase filters can be reconfigured by software. The adaptive filters can thus be designed so that each filter h[n; p] corresponds to a desired phase p. 
         [0031]    The filter coefficients h[n; p] can be signaled in the EL from the encoder so that the decoder can reconstruct a prediction to the FR data. Alternatively, a difference between the coefficients and a specified (or predicted) set of coefficients can be transmitted. The coefficient transmission can be made at some unit level (e.g. sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS), slice, largest coding unit (LCU), coding unit (CU), prediction unit (PU), etc.) and per color component. Furthermore several sets of filters can be signaled per sequence, picture or slice and the selection of which set to be used for re-sampling can be signaled at finer levels, for example at picture, slice, LCU, CU or PU level. 
         [0032]    B. Separable Column and Row Filtering 
         [0033]    For the re-sampling process, in one embodiment the filters applied can be separable, and the coefficients for each horizontal (row) and vertical (column) dimension can be signaled or selected from a set of filters. This is illustrated by the filters h[n; p] in  FIG. 4  that provide separate filters for either an individual row or column. The processing of row or columns separably allows for flexibility in filter characteristics (e.g. phase offset, frequency response, number of taps, etc.) in both dimensions while retaining the computational benefits of separable filtering. 
         [0034]    The separable filtering in the re-sampling process can be specified as row filtering first or column filtering first, as the order may affect the memory or computational requirements. In the case of deriving filters based on only the BL and FR data as described previously, note that if row filtering and re-sampling is performed first, the estimation of the filters used for column filtering can be done based on the re-sampled row data (or vice-versa). The filter coefficients can be transmitted in the EL, or a difference between the coefficients and a specified (or predicted) set of coefficients can be transmitted. 
         [0035]    C. Hardware and Software Modules for Circuitry 
         [0036]    For the upsampling process components for  FIG. 4 , embodiments of the present invention contemplate that the components can be formed using specific hardware components as well as software modules. For the software modules, the system can be composed of one or more processors with memory storing code that is executable by the processor to form the components identified and to cause the processor to perform the functions described. 
       III. Accounting for Luma and Chroma Offset 
       [0037]    In SHM1.0, the upsampling process from the BL is performed using separable, fixed filters that are identical for each dimension. As a consequence, the phase offsets for the filters used for interpolation are fixed. However, since downsampling is a non-normative process, it is possible that upsampling with assumed, fixed phase offset filters may not properly compensate for a phase offset introduced from downsampling in each dimension. In particular, since luma and chroma components may have different color space resolutions, upsampling for the different color components may require different phase offsets for each dimension. To address this issue, embodiments of the present invention propose two possible solutions for SHVC. 
         [0038]    A. Selecting a Filter Based on Normative Offset and Luma/Chroma Offset 
         [0039]    The first embodiment provides for a selection of one of multiple filters in  FIG. 4  to account for luma and chroma offset. In the current SHM1.0, a set of 16 fixed filters with different phase offsets in the unit interval can be specified. These filters are indexed where larger filter indices are used for larger phase offsets. In order to accommodate a phase offset introduced from downsampling required to maintain proper luma/chroma color space positions after upsampling, it is proposed that an offset parameter be signaled and used in computing the filter index separate from the normative offset. One example of this for the case of 16 filters is shown in Table 1 of  FIG. 5 , where the signaling (highlighted) occurs at the PPS level. Note that the signaling can occur at other places within the PPS. Alternatively, signaling can be specified at other levels, e.g. VPS, SPS, slice, PU, etc. Further, although offset adjustment is being accounted for in luma/chroma phase positions, similar phase compensation can be made for color spaces, cropping, etc. 
         [0040]    In Table 1, when cross-layer (CL) pixel prediction is allowed in an EL (e.g. nuh_layer_id&gt;0 and a flag InterLayerTextureR1EnableFlag is set in SHVC Test Model 1), the four syntax elements listed below are signaled. Note that although specific logic syntax is shown in Table 1 to activate the following four syntax elements, the following four syntax elements, as also shown in Table 1, can be signaled whenever CL prediction is enabled. 
         [0041]    luma_phase_offset[0] indicates that the filter index used for upsampling the rows of the luma component should be obtained by adding luma_phase_offset[0] to the offset in the scaled grid, before computing the final index. This is a signed value between −15 to +15 (given a scaled grid size of 16×). 
         [0042]    luma_phase_offset[1] indicates that the filter index used for upsampling the columns of the luma component should be obtained by adding luma_phase_offset[1] to the offset in the scaled grid, before computing the final index. This is a signed value between −15 to +15 (given a scaled grid size of 16×). 
         [0043]    chroma_phase_offset[0] indicates that the filter index used for upsampling the rows of the chroma component should be obtained by adding chroma_phase_offset[0] to the offset in the scaled grid, before computing the final index. This is a signed value between −15 to +15 (given a scaled grid size of 16×). 
         [0044]    chroma_phase_offset[1] indicates that the filter index used for upsampling the columns of the chroma component should be obtained by adding chroma_phase_offset[1] to the offset in the scaled grid, before computing the final index. This is a signed value between −15 to +15 (given a scaled grid size of 16×). 
         [0045]    The above syntax is proposed for the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), SHVC Test Model 1 (SHM 1) Section G.6.2 entitled “Derivation process for reference layer sample location used in resampling,” and in particular see J. Chen, J. Boyce, Y. Ye, M. Hannuksela, “Draft of SHVC Test Model Description,” JCTVC-L1007, January 2013. The proposed text for SHVC G.6.2 includes information helpful in understanding the syntax, so it is modified as follows: 
         [0046]    For the SHVC text in G.6.2, the inputs to this process are:
       a variable cIdx specifying the color component index, and   a sample location (xP, yP) relative to the top-left sample of the color component of the current picture specified by cIdx.       
 
         [0049]    The output of this process is a sample location (xRef16, yRef16) specifying the reference layer sample location in units of 1/16-th sample relative to the top-left sample of the reference layer picture. 
         [0050]    If cIdx is equal to 0, the variables xRef16 and yRef16 are derived as follows: 
         [0000]        x Ref16=( xP *PicWRL*16+Scaled W /2)/Scaled W +lumaphase_offset[0] 
         [0000]        y Ref16=( yP *PicHRL*16+Scaled H /2)/Scaled H +luma_phase_offset[1] 
         [0051]    Otherwise, the variables xRef16 and yRef16 are derived as follows: 
         [0000]        x Ref16=( xP *PicWRL*16+Scaled W/ 2)/Scaled W +chromaphase_offset[0] 
         [0000]        y Ref16=( yP *PicHRL*16+Scaled H/ 2)/Scaled H+ chroma_phase_offset[1] 
         [0052]    Note that the syntax for this first embodiment concentrates on activity in  FIG. 3  element  300  that selects samples to determine xRef16 and yRef16. The elements xRef16 and yRef16 are determined for downconverted reference pictures that are identified in the select samples element  300 . The PicWRL is the picture width reference layer and the PicHRL is the picture height reference layer, also identified in the select samples of element  300 . The references to ScaledW for scaled width and ScaledH for scaled height, however, are determined from the FR layer to enable a conversion back from the BL to calculate the EL picture elements with phases set by xRef16 and yRef16. Note that a rounding operation is used in the division operation by ScaledW and ScaledH in the calculation of xRef16 and yRef16. The phase offset determined by the operation for xRef16 and yRef16 first includes a portion divided by ScaledW and ScaledH that will provide a normative phase offset, and the luma and chroma offsets are added to create the final phase values. 
         [0053]      FIG. 6  shows a simplified flow chart for the above method steps from Table 1 and syntax for determining xRef16 and yRef16 for selecting filters using luma and chroma phase offset in this first embodiment of the present invention. In step  600 , the cross layer (CL) prediction is examined to determine if luma and chroma offset steps are to be considered. If so, the steps after  600  are processed. In steps  601  and  602  the luma phase offset is determined for the rows and columns. In steps  603  and  604 , the chroma phase offset is determined for the rows and columns. Finally in step  605  the xRef16 and yRef16 values are determined for both luma and chroma from the syntax described above. 
         [0054]    The syntax elements allow for different phase offset shifts for luma and chroma as well as for horizontal and vertical directions. However, drawbacks of this first filter selection approach are that only a shift in phase offsets is allowed, all 16 filters (or another fixed number in the system) need to be specified, and the 16 phase offsets are fixed. In addition, rounding operations still need to be performed from desired phase offsets to one the 16 fixed phase offsets. A proposed second embodiment to address these issues is described in the next section. 
         [0055]    B. Adapting Filter Based on Luma/Chroma Offset 
         [0056]    The second embodiment provides for adjusting the phase offset based upon signaling of adaptive filters. In order to allow for interpolation filters with more general phase offsets and characteristics, instead of re-indexing the filter index of existing fixed filters, this second embodiment signals the filters with the desired phase offsets. The filter coefficients can be differentially signaled using existing HEVC filters, such as the filters used for sub-pixel interpolation in HEVC. Other reference filters can also be used for differential coding of the coefficients. 
         [0057]    The Table 2 of  FIG. 7  shows syntax for a proposed example for signaling at the PPS level for an embodiment where adaptive filtering offset can be signaled. Note that the signaling can occur at other places within the PPS. As with the fixed filter embodiment of section A, for an alternative signaling can be specified at other levels, e.g. VPS, SPS, slice, PU, etc. 
         [0058]    As with the fixed filters of Table 1, in Table 2 of  FIG. 7 , when cross-layer (CL) pixel prediction is allowed in an EL (e.g. nuh_layer_id&gt;0 and a flag InterLayerTextureR1EnableFlag is set in SHVC Test Model 1), the syntax elements for this embodiment are likewise signaled. Note that although specific logic syntax is shown in Table 2 to activate the following syntax elements, the following syntax elements can be signaled whenever CL prediction is enabled. The syntax elements for adaptive filtering are as follows: 
         [0059]    num_phase_offsets_minus1[0] plus one indicates the number of filters with the desired phase offsets for the row upsampling process. 
         [0060]    num_phase_offsets_minus1[1] plus one indicates the number of filters with the desired phase offsets for the column upsampling process. 
         [0061]    luma_pixel_shift_flag[i][j] indicates per dimension i (i=0, 1) and filter phase index j (j=0, . . . , num_phase_offsets_minus1[i]), whether the filter is to be applied to shifted input luma samples. When this flag is set to 1, the filter is applied to input samples that are shifted by one pixel; otherwise, input samples are not shifted. 
         [0062]    ref_luma_filter_indx[i][j] indicates per dimension i (i=0, 1) and filter phase index j (j=0, . . . , num_phase_offsets_minus1[i]), the filter index of one of the four HEVC reference filters used for sub-pixel luma interpolation at 0, ¼, ½ and ¾ phase offsets. 
         [0063]    delta_luma_filter_coef[i][j][k] indicates per dimension i (i=0, 1) and filter phase index j (j=0, . . . , num_phase_offsets_minus1[i]) and filter coefficient index k (k=0, . . . , num_luma_taps_minus1[i]), the incremental value which should be added to the corresponding coefficient of the reference filter with index ref_luma_filter_indx[i][j] to obtain the actual filter coefficients for the current filter phase index. 
         [0064]    chroma_pixel_shift_flag[i][j] indicates per dimension i (i=0, 1) and filter phase index j (j=0, . . . , num_phase_offsets_minus1[i]), whether the filter is to be applied to shifted input chroma samples. When this flag is set to 1, the filter is applied to input samples that are shifted by one pixel; otherwise, input samples are not shifted. 
         [0065]    ref_chroma_filter_indx[i][j] indicates per dimension i (i=0, 1) and filter phase index j (j=0, . . . , num_phase_offsets_minus1[i]), the filter index of one of the eight HEVC reference filters used for sub-pixel chroma interpolation at 0, ⅛, ¼, ⅜, ½, ⅝, ¾ and ⅞ phase offsets. 
         [0066]    delta_chroma_filter_coef[i][j][k] indicates per dimension i (i=0, 1) and filter phase index j (j=0, . . . , num_phase_offsets_minus1[i]) and filter coefficient index k (k=0, . . . , num_chroma_taps_minus1[i]), the incremental value which should be added to the corresponding coefficient of the reference filter with index ref_chroma_filter_indx[i][j] to obtain the actual filter coefficients for the current filter phase index. 
         [0067]    The values of num_luma_taps_minus1[i] and num_chroma_taps_minus1[i] per dimension i are set to 7 and 3, respectively. In general, these values can also be specified or signaled for each dimension. 
         [0068]    To make operation more efficient, in some embodiments the luma_pixel_shift_flag[i][j] and a chroma_pixel_shift_flag[i][j] are implemented. If the flag is set to 1, then the corresponding j_th luma or chroma filter for dimension i is applied to input samples that are shifted by one pixel; otherwise, the input samples are not shifted. 
         [0069]    The value of syntax elements ref_uma_filter_indx[i][j] or ref_chroma_filter_indx[i][j] indicates one of four HEVC sub-pixel luma or eight chroma interpolation filters that is used as a basis for prediction for the j_th luma or chroma adaptive phase offset filter along dimension i. The k_th coefficient of the j_th filter along dimension i for luma or chroma is modified by the adding the value of delta_luma_filter_coef[i][j][k] or delta_chromafilter_coef[i][j][k]. Together, these syntax elements specify the adaptive luma and chroma filters that are used to replace the fixed filters in Tables G-1 and G-2 in SHVC Test Model 1. Note that Tables G-1 and G-2 in SHVC Test Model 1 use 16 filters whereas in the proposed method the number of filters can be specified by numphase_offsets_minus1[i] in each dimension i. 
         [0070]    In one embodiment, a set of default filters for upsampling can be agreed upon for the encoder and decoder. In the case that the default filters are used, a flag can be set and signaled to indicate this. If the flag is not set, then the method described above can be used to signal the filter parameters, and signaling of the filter coefficients can be based on differential coding of the coefficients relative to the default filters. 
         [0071]    The semantics corresponding to the above syntax of Table 2 can be changed in the draft Sections G.6.2, G.8.1.4.1.3 and G.8.1.4.1.4 (for Luma and Chroma sample interpolation process) of SHVC Test Model 1 (SHM 1). It should be noted that the proposed derivation process no longer requires rounding operations. The proposed text to help in understanding the syntax, is as follows: 
         [0072]    Inputs to this process are
       a variable cIdx specifying the color component index,   a sample location (xP, yP) relative to the top-left sample of the color component of the current picture specified by cIdx,       
 
         [0075]    Output of this process is a sample location (xRef, yRef) specifying the reference layer sample location relative to the top-left sample of the reference layer picture, and phases (xPhase, yPhase). 
         [0076]    1. The variables xRefphase and yRefphase are derived as follows: 
         [0000]        x Refphase=( xP *PicWRL*(num_phase_offsets_minus1[0]+1))/Scaled W    
         [0000]        y Refphase=( yP *PicHRL*(num_phase_offsets_minus1[1]+1))/Scaled H    
         [0077]    2. The variables xRef and xPhase are derived by 
         [0000]        x Ref=( x Refphase/(num_phase_offsets_minus1[0]+1)) 
         [0000]        x Phase=( x Refphase− x Ref*(num_phase_offsets_minus1[0]+1))
 
         [0078]    3. The variables yRef and yPhase are derived by 
         [0000]        y Ref=( y Refphase/(num_phase_offsets_minus1[1]+1)) 
         [0000]        y Phase=( y Refphase− y Ref*(num_phase_offsets_minus1[1]+1))
 
         [0079]    Note that for certain values of num_phase_offsets_minus1[0] and num_phase_offsets_minus1[1], the operations for computing xRef, xPhase, yRef, and yPhase may be performed by simpler operations (e.g. shift, &amp;0x0F). Also, if the number of filters is restricted to be 2̂g, the index g (instead of the value 2̂g) can be signaled to indicate 2̂g filters. Also, in order to account for negative phase offsets, the luma or chroma values of xRef or yRef are decreased by one if the corresponding luma_pixel_shift_flag or chroma_pixel_shift_flag flags are set; otherwise the values of xRef or yRef are not modified. 
         [0080]    As with the embodiment of Table 1, for the above syntax a concentration is made on the select samples element  300  of  FIG. 3 , but also with this embodiment calculations performed using syntax in filter selection element  302  is illustrated. The xRef and yRef are position locations based on downconverted reference pictures that are identified in the select samples element  300 . The xRef and yRef values are determined using xRefphase and yRefphase that are calculated in a similar matter to the syntax shown previously relative to Table 1. The xRefphase and yRefphase values in this current embodiment will produce a remainder that will be used to calculate the phase offsets xPhase and yPhase. The xPhase and yPhase values are the phase offset values used to select a filter element in selection module  302  of  FIG. 3 . Because the filters in this embodiment are adaptive, a rounding operation is not necessarily required after calculations unlike with the previously described embodiment. 
         [0081]      FIGS. 8-9  shows a simplified flow chart for the above method steps from Table 2 and syntax for determining xRef, yRef, xPhase and yPhase for signaling adaptive filters with luma and chroma phase offset in this second embodiment of the present invention. In step  800 , the cross layer (CL) prediction is examined to determine if luma and chroma offset steps are to be considered. If so, the steps after  800  are processed. In steps  801  and  802  the number of filters to be evaluated for phase offset adjustment is determined along rows and columns. Next in a loop through steps  803 - 806  to consider the luma offset for each filter, a flag indicating if a pixel shift should be made is evaluated in step  804 , a reference luma filter is determined in step  805 , and the delta_luma_filter_coef values are used to modify the reference luma filter in step  806 . Further in steps  807 - 810 , a similar loop is performed to determine the chroma filters. Finally in steps  811 - 812  the xRef, yRef, xPhase and yPhase values are determined. 
         [0082]    Benefits of this second embodiment include the following: (1) Arbitrary phase offsets are allowed in each dimension. (2) Better matching of filters and phases to scalability ratios other than 2×, 1.5×. (3) Less computation needed since rounding operations to map a desired phase to one of the current fixed phases are eliminated. (4) Only the filters and phases necessary for performing the upsampling need to be signaled and indexed; there is no need to design and implement 16 luma and 16 chroma filters. 
         [0083]    C. Deblocking and SAO Processing 
         [0084]    Either of the embodiments illustrated with Table 1 or Table 2 can be implemented whether deblocking or SAO processing is used. In the upsampling process, pixel data from the encode/decode process from the BL is used to generate a prediction for the FR pixel data. The BL pixel data can be extracted, for example, at various points in the decoding process. For the case of AVC and HEVC, the BL pixel data used for re-sampling can either be before or after the deblocking process. And for the case of HEVC, the BL pixel data used can either be with or without SAO processing. In one embodiment for an AVC and HEVC BL, a first syntax flag can be signaled to indicate whether the upsampling is performed on data that has been previously deblocked. If the first flag is not set, then the upsampling is performed on data prior to deblocking. In addition, for the case of an HEVC BL, if the first flag indicates that upsampling is to be performed on data that has been previously deblocked, a second syntax flag is further signaled to indicate whether the upsampling is to be performed on data that has been further processed with SAO. If the second flag is set, then the upsampling is performed on data after SAO; otherwise, it is performed on data prior to SAO but after deblocking. The signaling of the flags can be made at some unit level (e.g. SPS, PPS, slice, LCU, CU, PU, etc.) and per color component, or it can be derived or predicted from other previously decoded data. 
         [0085]    Although the present invention has been described above with particularity, this was merely to teach one of ordinary skill in the art how to make and use the invention. Many additional modifications will fall within the scope of the invention as that scope is defined by the following claims.