Abstract:
A biological signal acquirer is attached to a subject and acquires a biological signal of the subject. A transmitter carried by the subject transmits the biological signal. A first communication port and a first camera are installed in a first location and connectable to a network. A second communication port and a second camera are installed in a second location and connectable to the network. A biological information acquiring device is connectable to the network and provided with a switcher. The switcher acquires, when communication establishment between the transmitter and the first communication port is detected, the biological signal through the first communication port as well as a first image taken by the first camera, and acquires, when communication establishment between the transmitter and the second communication port is detected, the biological signal through the second communication port as well as a second image taken by the second camera.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a probe which is to be attached to the living tissue of a subject, and which is configured to be able to output a biological signal of the subject to an apparatus for acquiring the biological signal. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    Patent Literature 1 discloses a probe which is to be attached to the fingertip of a subject. The probe includes a light-emitting element and a light-detecting element. The light-detecting element has a light-detecting surface configured to detect light that has been emitted from the light-emitting element, and that has been transmitted through the living tissue of the fingertip. The light-detecting element is configured to output a signal corresponding to the intensity of the light which has been detected by the light-detecting surface. The light emitted from the light-emitting element is determined to have a wavelength which is to be absorbed by a material in blood. The volume of blood in the fingertip is changed in accordance with the pulse, and therefore the intensity of the light which is detected by the light-detecting surface is changed as well. The signal output from the light-detecting element is used for calculating biological information of the subject, such as the pulse and the arterial oxygen saturation. 
       CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
       [0000]    
       
         PTL 1: Japanese Patent Publication No. H02-088041A 
       
     
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
       [0004]    There is a case where the above-described probe is attached to a part such as an earlobe or a skin of a neonatal infant a living tissue of which is thin. In a case where the living tissue is thin, there might be a case where biological signals are not accurately acquired. 
         [0005]    The object of the invention is to accurately acquire biological signals irrespective of the thickness of the living tissue of the subject to which a probe is attached. 
         [0006]    In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the invention that can take is a probe comprising: 
         [0007]    a light-emitting element having an optical axis; 
         [0008]    a light-detecting element having a light-detecting surface configured to detect light emitted from the light-emitting element, and configured to output a signal in accordance with intensity of the light; 
         [0009]    a first support having: a first attachment surface adapted to be attached to a first portion of a living tissue of a subject; a first supporting portion supporting the light-emitting element; and a first passage configured to allow the light emitted from the light-emitting element to pass through; and 
         [0010]    a second support having: a second attachment surface adapted to be attached to a second portion of the living tissue of the subject; a second supporting portion supporting the light-detecting element; and a second passage configured to allow the light having passed through the second portion to pass through, 
         [0011]    wherein the light-emitting element is supported by the first supporting portion such that the optical axis is inclined relative to a direction orthogonal to the first attachment surface; 
         [0012]    wherein the light-detecting element is supported by the second supporting portion such that the optical axis is placed on the light-detecting surface under a condition that the first attachment surface is attached to the first portion of the living tissue and the second attachment surface is attached to the second portion of the living tissue; and wherein the second passage is located so as not to overlap with the first passage as seen from a direction orthogonal to the second attachment surface under the condition that the first attachment surface is attached to the first portion of the living tissue and the second attachment surface is attached to the second portion of the living tissue. 
         [0013]    With the above configuration, it is possible to accurately acquire biological signals irrespective of the thickness of the living tissue of the subject to which the probe is attached. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0014]      FIG. 1A  illustrates a configuration of a probe according to a first embodiment, 
           [0015]      FIG. 1B  illustrates the configuration of the probe according to the first embodiment. 
           [0016]      FIG. 2A  illustrates a configuration of a probe according to a second embodiment. 
           [0017]      FIG. 2B  illustrates the configuration of the probe according to the second embodiment. 
           [0018]      FIG. 3A  illustrates a configuration of a first modified example of the probe of the second embodiment. 
           [0019]      FIG. 3B  illustrates a configuration of a second modified example of the probe of the second embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0020]    Exemplified embodiments will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
         [0021]      FIG. 1A  schematically illustrates the configuration of a probe  1  according to a first embodiment. The probe  1  comprises a light-emitting element  2 , a light-detecting element  3 , a first support  4 , and a second support  5 . The probe  1  is adapted to be attached to a living tissue  100  of a subject. Fingertips, toe tips, earlobes can be exemplified as the living tissue  100 . 
         [0022]    The light-emitting element  2  is configured to emit light having a predetermined wavelength. The predetermined wavelength is determined as a wavelength which can be absorbed by a material in blood. The material is determined in accordance with the kind of the biological information to be calculated. In a case where the pulse or the arterial oxygen saturation is to be calculated, for example, oxyhemoglobin is selected as the material. In this case, a red light and an infrared light are selected as examples of the predetermined wavelength. 
         [0023]    For example, the light-emitting element  2  is a semiconductor light emitting device configured to emit light having the predetermined wavelength. A light emitting diode (LED), a laser diode, and an organic EL device can be exemplified as the semi-conductor light emitting device. 
         [0024]    The light-emitting element  2  has an optical axis  21 . In the specification, the optical axis  21  is defined as an axis extending in the direction in which the light emitted from the light-emitting element  2  has the highest intensity. 
         [0025]    The light-detecting element  3  has a light-detecting surface  31  configured to detect light that has been transmitted through the living tissue  100 . The light-detecting element  3  is configured to output an intensity signal in accordance with the intensity of the light which has been detected by the light-detecting surface  31 . The intensity signal corresponds to the biological signal. The volume of the living tissue  100  to which the probe  1  is attached is changed in accordance with the pulse of the subject. Therefore, the intensity of the light which has been detected by the light-detecting surface  31  is changed. Thus, the intensity signal which is output from the light-detecting element  3  is changed as well. 
         [0026]    The signal output from the light-detecting element  3  is transmitted to a biological signal acquiring apparatus through wired or wireless communication. The biological signal acquiring apparatus is configured to acquire desired biological information from changes of the intensity signal based on a predetermined algorithm. A pulse photometer and a bedside monitor can be exemplified as the biological signal acquiring apparatus. 
         [0027]    For example, the light-detecting element  3  is an optical sensor having a sensitivity to the above-described predetermined wavelength. A photodiode, a phototransistor, and a photoresistor can be exemplified as the optical sensor. 
         [0028]    The first support  4  has a first attachment surface  41 . The first attachment surface  41  is adapted to be attached to a first portion  101  of the living tissue  100 . A nail-side portion of a fingertip, a nail-side portion of a toe tip, and a front-side portion of an earlobe can be exemplified as the first portion  101 . 
         [0029]    The first support  4  has a first supporting portion  42 . The first supporting portion  42  is supporting the light-emitting element  2 . 
         [0030]    The first support  4  has a first passage  43 . The first passage  43  is configured to allow the light emitted from the light-emitting element  2  to pass through. 
         [0031]    The second support  5  has a second attachment surface  51 . The second attachment surface  51  is adapted to be attached to a second portion  102  of the living tissue  100 . A pad-side portion of the fingertip, a pad-side portion of the toe tip, and a back-side portion of the earlobe can be exemplified as the second portion  102 . 
         [0032]    The second support  5  has a second supporting portion  52 . The second supporting portion  52  is supporting the light-detecting element  3 . 
         [0033]    The second support  5  has a second passage  53 . The second passage  53  is configured to allow the light emitted from the light-emitting element  2  to pass through. 
         [0034]    The light-emitting element  2  is supported by the first supporting portion  42  so that the optical axis  21  is inclined with respect to the direction orthogonal to the first attachment surface  41  (the direction indicated by the arrow A in the figure). 
         [0035]    The light-detecting element  3  is supported by the second supporting portion  52  so that the optical axis  21  is positioned on the light-detecting surface  31  under a condition that the first attachment surface  41  is attached to the first portion  101  of the living tissue  100  and that the second attachment surface  51  is attached to the second portion  102  of the living tissue  100 . 
         [0036]    Under the condition that the first attachment surface  41  is attached to the first portion  101  of the living tissue  100  and that the second attachment surface  51  is attached to the second portion  102  of the living tissue  100 , the second passage  53  is located so as not to overlap with the first passage  43  as seen from the direction orthogonal to the second attachment surface  51  (the direction indicated by the arrow B in the figure). 
         [0037]      FIG. 1B  illustrates a case Where the probe  1  is attached to a living tissue  100 A which is thicker than the living tissue  100  shown in  FIG. 1A . The reference numeral  101 A denotes a first portion of the living tissue  100 A. The reference numeral  102 A denotes a second portion of the living tissue  100 A. Similarly to the above case, the optical axis  21  of the light-emitting element  2  is positioned on the light-detecting surface  31  of the light-detecting element  3 . Moreover, the second passage  53  is located so as not to overlap with the first passage  43  as seen from the direction orthogonal to the second attachment surface  51  (the direction indicated by the arrow B in the figure). 
         [0038]    The inventor investigated why the accuracy of a calculated biological information is lowered in the case where a probe is attached to a portion of thin living tissue, such as the earlobe or the skin of a neonatal infant. As a result, it was found that there are two causes. 
         [0039]    A light-detecting element is configured to output an intensity signal having a potential corresponding to the light intensity which is detected by a light-detecting surface. However, the potential of the output signal has an upper limit which corresponds to the driving voltage of the element. When the input light intensity exceeds a certain value, therefore, the potential of the output signal is saturated to have a fixed value. In the case where the living tissue is thin, the transmitted light intensity is increased, and therefore this situation easily occurs. In this case, the intensity signal output from the light-detecting element no longer reflects the current state of the detection target. This is a first cause that the biological signal is not accurately acquired and the accuracy of the calculated biological information is lowered. 
         [0040]    The larger the amount of blood located on the optical path length extending from the light-emitting element to a light-detecting element, the larger the volume change due to the pulse, and the more easily a significant change appears in the intensity signal. In the case where the living tissue is thin, however, the intensity of the detected light is high whereas the degree of a change appearing in the intensity signal is small. That is, the SN ratio of the intensity signal is reduced. This is a second cause that the biological signal is not accurately acquired and the accuracy of the calculated biological information is lowered. 
         [0041]    In order to solve the problems, the inventor attempted to intentionally deviate the optical axis of the light-emitting element from the light-detecting surface of the light-detecting element. Namely, the light-emitting element and the light-detecting element are placed so that, under a condition that the probe is attached to the living tissue of the subject, the optical axis of the light-emitting element is not positioned on the light-detecting surface of the light-detecting element. In this case, scattered light which is mainly produced in the living tissue enters the light-detecting surface. 
         [0042]    As a result, the intensity of light which is transmitted through the living tissue, and which then enters the light-detecting surface is lowered, and the reduction of the accuracy of biological information and due to saturation of the light-detecting element can be suppressed. In the case where the living tissue of the subject is relatively thick, however, the inventor faced a situation where the accuracy of calculated biological information is lowered. It can be considered that this is caused by a phenomenon the absolute value of the amount of the detected light is reduced by the intentional deviation of the optical axis of the light-emitting element from the light-detecting surface of the light-detecting element, so that the signal intensity is weakened. 
         [0043]    As a result of thorough consideration, the inventor found that, in a case where the probe  1  simultaneously satisfies the following conditions, the biological signal can be accurately acquired irrespective of the thickness of the living tissue of the subject. 
         [0044]    Condition 1: the second passage  53  is located so as not to overlap with the first passage  43  as seen from the direction B orthogonal to the second attachment surface  51 , under the condition that the first attachment surface  41  is attached to the first portion  101  of the living tissue  100 , and the second attachment surface  51  is attached to the second portion  102  of the living tissue  100 . 
         [0045]    Condition 2: the light-emitting element  2  is supported by the first supporting portion  42  so that the optical axis  21  is inclined with respect to the direction A orthogonal to the first attachment surface  41 . 
         [0046]    Condition 3: the light-detecting element  3  is supported by the second supporting portion  52  so that the optical axis  21  is positioned on the light-detecting surface  31  under the condition that the first attachment surface  41  is attached to the first portion  101  of the living tissue  100 , and the second attachment surface  51  is attached to the second portion  102  of the living tissue  100 . 
         [0047]    Mainly due to Condition 1, it is possible to suppress the intensity of the light which is passed through the second passage  53 , and which then enters the light-detecting surface  31  of the light-detecting element  3 . Even in the case where the probe  1  is attached to the living tissue  100  that is relatively thin, therefore, the reduction of the accuracy of the acquisition of a biological signal and due to saturation of the light-detecting element  3  can be suppressed. Mainly due to Condition 2, the light emitted from the light-emitting element  2  obliquely crosses the living tissue  100  ( 100 A). Therefore, the optical path length extending to the light-detecting surface  31  of the light-detecting element  3  can be prolonged, and hence the reduction of the accuracy of the acquisition of a biological signal and due to reduction of the SN ratio of the intensity signal can be suppressed. Mainly due to Condition 3, at least light which is on the optical axis  21  to have the highest intensity enters the light-detecting surface  31 . Even in the case where the optical path length is prolonged according to Condition 2, or where the probe  1  is attached to the living tissue  100 A that is relatively thick, therefore, the reduction of the accuracy of the acquisition of a biological signal and due to reduction of the absolute value of the signal intensity can be suppressed. As a result of the synergistic effect of the conditions, the biological signal can be accurately acquired irrespective of the thickness of the living tissue of the subject. 
         [0048]      FIG. 2A  schematically illustrates the configuration of a probe  1 A of a second embodiment. Components which are identical or equivalent to those of the probe  1  of the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicated explanations will be omitted. 
         [0049]    In the probe  1 A of this embodiment, the light-detecting element  3  is supported by the second supporting portion  52  so that the light-detecting surface  31  is inclined with respect to the direction orthogonal to the second attachment surface  51  of the second support  5  (the direction indicated by the arrow B in the figure). 
         [0050]      FIG. 2B  illustrates a case where the probe  1 A is attached to the living tissue  100 A which is thicker than the living tissue  100  shown in  FIG. 2A . In both the cases, the three conditions described in connection with the probe  1  of the first embodiment are satisfied. 
         [0051]    According to the configuration, the direct incidence of the light emitted from the light-emitting element  2 , on the light-detecting surface  31  can be enhanced. As compared to the probe  1  of the first embodiment, therefore, it is possible to respond to a request for further enhancing the signal intensity in a range where the light-detecting element  3  is not saturated. Consequently, the biological signal can be accurately acquired irrespective of the thickness of the living tissue of the subject. 
         [0052]      FIG. 3A  illustrates a first modified example of the probe  1 A of the second embodiment. In this example, the first passage  43  of the first support  4  is gradually expanded toward the first attachment surface  41 , and the second passage  53  of the second support  5  is gradually expanded toward the second attachment surface  51 . 
         [0053]    According to such a configuration, the intensity of the light which is passed through the first passage  43  and the second passage  53  can be increased. As compared to the probe  1 A of the second embodiment, therefore, it is possible to respond to the demand for further enhancing the signal intensity in the range where the light-detecting element  3  is not saturated. Consequently, the biological signal can be further accurately acquired irrespective of the thickness of the living tissue of the subject. 
         [0054]    A configuration wherein only one of the first passage  43  and the second passage  53  is gradually expanded may be employed in accordance with a required signal intensity. The configuration of the modification may be applied to the probe  1  of the first embodiment. 
         [0055]      FIG. 3B  illustrates a second modified example of the probe  1 A of the second embodiment. In this example, the first passage  43  of the first support  4  extends in the direction of the optical axis  21 . The second passage  53  of the second support  5  extends toward the first passage  43  so as to obliquely cross the second attachment surface  51 . 
         [0056]    According to such a configuration, the light is scattered in the living tissue  100  ( 100 A), and the intensity of the light which is passed through the second passage  53  can be reduced. Therefore, as compared to the probe  1 A of the second embodiment, it is possible to respond to the demand for further enhancing the SN ratio in the range where the light-detecting element  3  is not saturated. Consequently, the biological signal can be further accurately acquired irrespective of the thickness of the living tissue of the subject. 
         [0057]    One of the first passage  43  and the second passage  53  may not satisfy the above-described conditions in accordance with a required signal intensity. The configuration of the modification may be applied to the probe  1  of the first embodiment. 
         [0058]    The above-described embodiments are mere examples for facilitating understanding of the invention. The configurations of the embodiments may be adequately changed or improved without departing the concept of the invention. It is obvious that equivalents are included within the technical scope of the invention. 
         [0059]    In the above-described embodiments, the first passage  43  and the second passage  53  are described as hollow spaces. However, at least one of the first passage  43  and the second passage  53  may have a configuration where the passage is filled with a transparent resin or the like, as far as the light emitted from the light-emitting element  2  can be transmitted through the passage.