Abstract:
An improved apparatus for processing sea cucumbers having stages for orienting/aligning, cutting, splitting, flattening, eviscerating and cleaning the sea cucumber, and for collecting the eviscerated innards. A method for the automated splitting and evisceration of sea cucumbers using the apparatus of the present disclosure. A flattening plate and trough during the orienting/aligning step relax the sea cucumber and discourage its defence mechanisms. A wedge shaped flattening plate splits and flattens the sea cucumber immediately after the incision. Pronged discs maintain positioning of the sea cucumber during an aggressive wash and brush cleaning cycle, which may be repeated. Optionally, a vacuum may suction off a portion of the innards prior to cleaning.

Description:
FIELD 
       [0001]    This invention relates generally to the field of seafood processing; and more specifically to apparatuses and methods for processing sea cucumbers. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Sea cucumbers are marine animals from the phylum echinoderm and class Holothuroidea. Of the more than 1250 species worldwide, many are gathered for human consumption or grown in aquaculture systems. Like other echinoderms, sea cucumbers have pentagonal radial symmetry. But unlike starfish, they are oriented with soft, cylindrical bodies like they are lying on their sides. Sea cucumbers have a leathery skin covering an endoskeleton of calcified structures of isolated microscopic ossicles (or sclerietes) joined by connective tissue and five longitudinal muscle bands. The body walls of sea cucumbers are formed of catch collagen fibers, which can be loosened and tightened by the animals, permitted them to either form a hard endoskeleton through their dermis layer or effectively liquefy their connective tissue and pour themselves through small openings and then reconnect the collagen into a firm consistency on the other side. The mouth is located at the oral end, identified by a circle of branching tentacles about it, and the anus opens at the aboral end, defining an aboral/oral axis. The internal organs (viscera) of the sea cucumber lay within the tube-like body chamber also referred to as the coelomic cavity. Certain of the species also discharge the toxic chemical holothurin (named for the class of species) as a defense mechanism when startled. 
         [0003]    They range in length from less than 1 centimetre to almost a metre (though most are between 10 cm and 30 cm in length) and in thickness up to 30 cm. 
         [0004]    The great variations in size and shape, and the animal&#39;s defensive techniques, make it difficult to process either by hand or machine even within a single species. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    This disclosure relates to certain improvements in automated processing of sea cucumbers, and in particular to the steps of aligning, cutting, splitting, eviscerating and cleaning the sea cucumber, and optionally collecting the eviscerated material. 
         [0006]    The apparatus comprises an aligning stage characterized by a narrowing input channel which encourages the sea cucumber to relax the collagen fibers to fit through the input channel. The channel is not so narrow as to excite the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber, but sufficient to discourage the sea cucumber from hardening. This stage also aligns the sea cucumber along its longitudinally axis (i.e. along its aboral/oral axis) directly in front of a blade. In its simplest form, with the processing direction of the apparatus vertical, the input channel could be a truncated cone through which the sea cucumber is dropped or encouraged to squeeze. In a horizontal operation, conveyor belts pull the sea cucumber through the aligning stage under the blade. 
         [0007]    The apparatus may also comprise a cutting/splitting/flattening stage. A blade partially nestled in front of a wedge, and positioned to cut a single longitudinal incision through only one side of the body wall of the sea cucumber as it exits the input channel. A blade extending approximately to the midpoint of the narrow exit from the input channel would suffice, and a shallower or deeper cut is also within the scope of the device, provided that some portion of the body wall on the opposite side of the sea cucumber from the full incision is left intact. The wedge is positioned to split the sea cucumber at the point of incision as the sea cucumber progresses (either by gravity, conveyor belts, water pressure or some other means) past the blade. The wedge is formed in the leading/front edge of a first flattening plate, so as the sea cucumber is split, it is immediately sandwiched between the underside of the first flattening plate and the opposite side of the processing channel referred to for convenience as the second flattening plate, which might also be a conveyor belt or some other surface. 
         [0008]    Once aligned, cut and split, the sea cucumber is available for further processing in a modular fashion. As it is typically desirable to remove the sea cucumber innards/viscera for other uses or simply for cleaning prior to eating, the next stage discussed is the evisceration and cleaning stage. The apparatus may be adapted for vacuum evisceration by providing a hole in the first flattening plate after the wedge, and a vacuum tube connected at that hole to suck the viscera as the sea cucumber is pulled or pushed along the processing line. Alternatively or additionally, brushes and water jets immediately following the first flattening plate spray and rinse the exposed body cavity/coelomic cavity of the sea cucumber. In order to overcome the forces from the brushes and water which might accelerate the sea cucumber through the apparatus without completing the cleaning, pronged restriction discs moving at the desired speed can control the velocity of the sea cucumber without undue harm to the meat. Multiple cleaning stages may be used. 
         [0009]    For convenience, in the discussion below, we assume the blade is above the sea cucumber as it moves horizontally through the apparatus by means of conveyor belts, but may be oriented below or to the side provided that the wedge is positioned in a corresponding fashion. 
         [0010]    In horizontal operation, the sea cucumber is positioned longitudinally in on a middle belt within a series of parallel belts forming a trough, which pull the sea cucumber towards a cutting blade (including a blade or circular saw). An upper guide together with the lower trough may also form an input channel to squeeze the sea cucumber or form a narrowing passage towards the blade. The blade is disposed to cut the upper half of the aligned sea cucumber from mouth to anus, but may slightly over or under cut within the tolerance of the device and differences in the sea cucumbers. The blade may be of adjustable height. The functionality and structure of parts in the cutting stage provides an automated cutting mechanism for sea cucumber processing. 
         [0011]    Immediately past the blade, a wedge shaped flattening plate is positioned to spread the cut in the sea cucumber made by the blade and sandwich the split carcass against the opposite side of the device. The flattening plate prevents the sea cucumber from rolling back into itself after being cut, and facilitates processing. The front flattening plate may be in a plane parallel to that of the one or more conveyor belts which follow the blade. Alternatively, the upper front flattening plate may be inclined slightly to narrow the space above the conveyor belt in the direction of motion within the device. The functionality and structure of parts in the splitting stage provides an automated splitting and flattening mechanism for sea cucumber processing. 
         [0012]    Alternatively, the front flattening plate may be provided with a hole to permit a suction attachment to remove viscera of the sea cucumber passing below the hole, as an optional evisceration vacuum at the commencement of the cleaning stage. 
         [0013]    After the trailing edge of the flattening plate, the scrub and rinse style evisceration and cleaning stage of the apparatus involves one or more cylindrical brushes and a water jet manifold which scrub and rinse the sea cucumber viscera from the meat. The positions of the parts prevent the sea cucumber meat from rolling into itself within any gaps in the upper flattening plates. To further prevent the brushes and water jets from accelerating the sea cucumber through the machine, additional pronged discs between the conveyor belts may provide additional resistance and keep the sea cucumber from sliding off its position on the conveyor belt as it passes through the cleaning stage. The functionality and structure of parts in the cleaning stage provides an automated evisceration and cleaning stage for sea cucumber processing. 
         [0014]    Trays beneath the cleaning stage may capture the water and viscera material for straining and further processing of the viscera, or simply to hygienically process and dispose of the waste water. 
         [0015]    Following the cleaning stage, additional upper flattening plates may be used to keep the sea cumber in the easier to process flattened state as the sea cucumber is directed for further processing. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0016]    The apparatus and method will be described in relation to the drawings in which: 
           [0017]      FIG. 1  is a top perspective view of an example sea cucumber processing machine. 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  is a top perspective view of the sea cucumber processing machine of  FIG. 1  from which the housing has been removed to expose the parts. 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  is a side view of the exposed sea cucumber processing machine of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0020]      FIG. 4  is a top perspective view of the machine lower assembly  1  of the exposed sea cucumber processing machine of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0021]      FIG. 5  is a side view of the machine lower assembly  1  of the exposed sea cucumber processing machine of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0022]      FIG. 6  is a top perspective view of the machine upper assembly  2  of the exposed sea cucumber processing machine of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0023]      FIG. 7  is a side view of the machine upper assembly  2  of the exposed sea cucumber processing machine of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0024]      FIG. 8  is a side view of the restriction discs of the machine lower assembly  1  of the exposed sea cucumber processing machine of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0025]      FIG. 9  is a side view of the brush assembly of the machine upper assembly  2  of the exposed sea cucumber processing machine of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0026]      FIG. 10( a )  is a top view of the machine of  FIG. 2  with the housing and support structure removed. 
           [0027]      FIG. 10( b )  is a side view of the machine of  FIG. 2  with the housing and support structure removed. 
           [0028]      FIG. 11( a )  and  FIG. 11( b )  are top and side views, respectively, corresponding to  FIG. 10( a )  and  FIG. 10( b ) , with a sea cucumber  37  meeting the cutting stage. 
           [0029]      FIG. 12( a )  and  FIG. 12( b )  are top and side views, respectively, corresponding to  FIG. 10( a )  and  FIG. 10( b ) , with the sea cucumber  37  entering the splitting stage. 
           [0030]      FIG. 13( a )  and  FIG. 13( b )  are top and side views, respectively, corresponding to  FIG. 10( a )  and  FIG. 10( b ) , with the sea cucumber  37  exiting the splitting stage. 
           [0031]      FIG. 14( a )  and  FIG. 14( b )  are top and side views, respectively, corresponding to  FIG. 10( a )  and  FIG. 10( b ) , with the sea cucumber  37  below the vacuum hole  38  in the front flattening plate  23 . 
           [0032]      FIG. 15( a )  and  FIG. 15( b )  are top and side views, respectively, corresponding to  FIG. 10( a )  and  FIG. 10( b ) , with the processed sea cucumber  37  in the cleaning stage. 
           [0033]      FIG. 16( a )  and  FIG. 16( b )  are top and side views, respectively, corresponding to  FIG. 10( a )  and  FIG. 10( b ) , with the processed sea cucumber  37  departing the cleaning stage. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0034]    One or more examples of the sea cucumber processing machine and the related methods of use will now be explained in greater detail with reference to the accompanying figures. 
         [0035]    In one aspect, as shown in  FIG. 1 , the sea cucumber processing apparatus is a complete machine  27  having a lower feed guide  12 , a housing  28 , and an output chute  4 . A sea cucumber is placed, either by a user or from an orienting device, longitudinally in the lower feed guide  12  from where the sea cucumber would be pulled into the machine for processing. In the example shown, the machine&#39;s lower assembly  1  supports a sea cucumber carcass through the operational steps of cutting, splitting, flattening, cleaning and outputting the meat for possible packaging or further processing. The machine  27  may comprise a viscera collection tray  3  to collect and process waste water and sea cucumber viscera for other purposes. 
         [0036]      FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9  each show different view of the same example machine or parts thereof from different angles and exposure. 
         [0037]    In  FIG. 2  the housing has been removed, and the machine lower assembly  1  is shown connected to the machine upper assembly  2 . Also shown are the viscera collection tray  3  and output chute  4 . 
         [0038]    In  FIG. 3 , the machine upper assembly  2  is opened for cleaning from back hinge  29  and held open by forward struts  30 . 
         [0039]      FIG. 4  shows only the machine lower assembly  1 , in which a stand  31  supports a transport assembly  32  comprising front belt guide plate  11 , rear belt guide plate  10 , lower feed guide  12 , belt tensioner assembly  13 , optional rear restriction disc assembly  14 , optional front restriction disc assembly  15 , drive roller assembly  16 , and a plurality of spiked belts,  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9 . The spikes on the middle belt  7  grip a sea cucumber to pull it into the machine for processing, and the spikes on the other belts grip the sea cucumber skin as the sea cucumber is progressively cut, split and flattened in the machine. Together, the spiked belts,  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9 , form a conveyor belt, and the gaps between the spiked belts can be referred to as conveyor belt spacings or simply spacings. 
         [0040]    As shown in  FIG. 5 , as the drive roller assembly  16  turns, the spiked belts  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9 , move at a common speed about the tensioning assembly  13 . Optional rear restriction disc assembly  14  and front restriction disc assembly  15  have restriction discs with radial prongs protruding above the conveyor belt spacings to provide additional connection to the sea cucumber to prevent the sea cucumber from moving faster than the belts during the cleaning stages—discussed further below. 
         [0041]      FIG. 6  shows the machine upper assembly  2 , with upper feed guide assembly  18 , for positioning above the lower feed guide assembly  1  so as to form a narrowing input channel. As the sea cucumber is pulled by the belt into the machine, the upper feed guide assembly  18  and lower feed guide assembly  12  center the sea cucumber as it is directed into the machine. The front water spray manifold  19 , rear water spray manifold  20  and rear flattening plate  17  are also shown. 
         [0042]    In the side view of  FIG. 7 , the blade  25  is sized and positioned to cut the upper skin, muscle and wall of the sea cucumber without cutting the lower wall. In the example shown (as more particularly shown in  FIGS. 10( a ) and 10( b ) ), the blade  25  is positioned within slots/guides of the forward point of the wedge  33  and the front flattening plate assembly  23 . The forward point of the wedge  33  spreads the incision formed by the blade, and resists the natural tendency of the sea cucumber flesh to roll inward upon itself when cut, and splits the cut sea cucumber outward and flattens it for further processing. The front flattening plate assembly  23  maintains the sea cucumber in a flat position and prevents the inward roll. In the example shown, the belt  7 , then belts  6 ,  7 ,  8  and finally all belts  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9 , pull the cut and split sea cucumber past the wedge portion of the front flattening plate assembly  23 , and under the wide portion of the front flattening plate assembly  23 . Other belt configurations or designs are possible, including a single belt (in which can the restriction discs could be mounted between the brushes. The configuration in the example permits the optional rear restriction disc assembly  14  and front restriction disc assembly  15  to be used as shown. 
         [0043]    The evisceration stage of sea cucumber processing presents a number of design challenges related to the tendency of the sea cucumber to roll and slip. In the example shown, the evisceration stage of the machine addresses these design challenges and includes some features for additional robustness. At a basis level, the sea cucumber is pulled by the belts as it is pressed between the belts and the upper flattening plate. As it is pulled past the trailing edge  35  of the front flattening plate  23  a front roller brush  22  scrubs the visceral material from the exposed meat of the sea cucumber, and then the sea cucumber is pressed by the intermediate plate  26  (alternatively referred to as the first post-cleaning flattening plate) without sufficient gap to permit the sea cucumber meat to roll upward between the brush and the plates. Additionally, the water jets of the front water spray manifold  19  spray water onto the bristles  34  of the brushes  21  and  22 , as they pass between the gap formed by the brush roller  22  and the trailing edge  35  of the front plate  23 . 
         [0044]    As shown in  FIG. 8 , in order to further prevent the brushes and water from accelerating the sea cucumber forward without cleaning, the prongs  36  on the front restriction disc assembly  15  prevent the sea cucumber from moving substantially faster than the belts  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9 . The rear restriction disc assembly  14  provides the function in respect of the rear brushes and water. The water and visceral material falls into water and viscera collection tray  3  (shown in  FIG. 3 ), where it can be strained for collection of the viscera and the water safely collected for treatment. 
         [0045]    Optionally, a vacuum attachment may be positioned above the front flattening plate  23  to pull the viscera upward through opening  38  in the front flattening plate as the sea cucumber is pulled along by the belts  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9 . The bulk of the viscera is detached from the inner wall of the sea cucumber and transported by vacuum to a collection vessel. The remaining viscera may then be removed by the brushes  21  and  22 , and spray nozzles  19  and  20 . Viscera removed by vacuum is more whole than viscera removed by brushing and can be of higher quality. 
         [0046]    Optionally, in the example of  FIG. 7 , the flattening plate after the front brush assembly is the centre flattening plate  26 , and it is followed by a second stage of cleaning by rear brush assembly  21 , rear water spray manifold  20 , rear restriction disc assembly  14  (as shown in  FIG. 8 ), and the belts  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9  before further flattening by the rear flattening plate assembly  17 . The second stage cleaning happens in an analogous fashion to the first stage. Although it is within the scope of the invention for the brushes and water to point in the other direction and using the driving restriction discs to provide additional forward force, the system functions more smoothly with all parts encouraging motion through the machine. A common water and viscera collection tray  3  (of  FIG. 3 ), can be used to collect the viscera and the water from both the first and second stages of cleaning. 
         [0047]    Finally, the belts  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9  pull the split and cleaned sea cucumber to a discharge area for further processing. In the example shown, the discharge area is a chute, but it could also be towards a skin removal stage, skin cleaning stage, cooker, drying, freezer or other processing machinery which adapted to receive sea cucumber which has been cleaned, split and flattened. 
         [0048]      FIGS. 10 through 16  show the live sea cucumber  37  as it enters the machine ( FIGS. 10( a ) and ( b ) ), is guided into the cutting blade ( FIGS. 11( a ) and ( b ) ), is cut and progressively flattened by the front flattening plate ( FIGS. 12( a ) and ( b ) and 13( a ) and ( b ) ). The cut, split and flattened sea cucumber  37  passes through the machine beneath the flattening plates to an optional viscera suction mechanism ( FIGS. 14( a ) and ( b ) ), or simply goes to the cleaning stage of the spray nozzles and brushes ( FIGS. 15( a ) and ( b ) ), and the fully processed sea cucumber ejected from the machine by the belts ( FIGS. 16( a ) and ( b ) ). 
         [0049]    The advantages of the method of processing the sea cucumber using the device disclosed herein can be described in one or more of the following steps or stages in reference to the figures:
       i. Aligning— FIGS. 10( a ) and 10( b ) : the sea cucumber  37  is aligned and elongated by an input channel formed where an upper feed guide  18  forms a channel with a lower feed guide  12  to align the sea cucumber  37 ;   ii. Cutting— FIGS. 11( a ), 11( b ), 12( a ) and 12( b ) : the sea cucumber  37  is cut by a blade  25  positioned vertically over the centre of the lower feed guide  12 , and the incision goes from skin surface, through an upper lateral wall to viscera without cutting a bottom lateral wall, from mouth to anus of the sea cucumber, as the conveyor belt  7  pulls the sea cucumber  37 ;   iii. Splitting— FIGS. 11( a ), 11( b ), 12( a ) and 12( b ) : the sea cucumber  37  is split by a forward flattening plate  23  having a wedge shaped leading edge  33  disposed about a trailing edge of the blade  25 , which splits the sea cucumber  37  along the cut as the conveyor belt  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9  pulls the sea cucumber under a bottom side of the forward flattening plate  23 ;   iv. Flattening— FIGS. 13( a ) and 13( b ) : the sea cucumber  37  is now flattened between forward flattening plate  23  and the opposite side of processing channel on which the convey belts belt  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9  pull the sea cucumber for additional processing.   v. Optional Evisceration— FIGS. 14( a ) and 14( b ) : the sea cucumber  37  may be eviscerated in a manner to preserve high quality viscera material for future processing by a vacuum nozzle and hole  38  in the front flattening plate  23  which permit removal of some viscera by suction during flattening.   vi. Cleaning— FIGS. 15( a ) and 15( b ) : Two stages of cleaning are shown. A first cleaning stage, where at a front gap between a trailing edge  35  of the front flattening plate  23  and a leading edge of a central flattening plate  26 , a rotating front brush  22  scrubs viscera from the inner wall of the sea cucumber  37  and a front water spray manifold  19  sprays water on the front brush  22  where the front brush  22  contacts the sea cucumber  37  while restraining prongs  36  on a front restriction disc  15  (see  FIG. 8 ) which protrude above the conveyor belt  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9  to attach under the sea cucumber  37  to resist acceleration of the sea cucumber  37  by the front brush  22 , as the conveyor  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9  pulls the sea cucumber  37  towards a second cleaning stage, where at a rear gap between a trailing edge of the central flattening plate  26  and a leading edge of a rear flattening plate  17 , a rotating rear brush  21  scrubs the inner wall of the sea cucumber and a rear water spray manifold  20  sprays water on the rear brush  21  where the rear brush  21  contacts the sea cucumber  37  while restraining prongs  36  on a rear restriction disc  14  (see  FIG. 8 ) which protrude above the conveyor belt  5 ,  6 ,  7 ,  8  and  9  to attach under the sea cucumber  37  to resist acceleration of the sea cucumber by the rear brush  21 .   vii. Output— FIGS. 16( a ) and 16( b )  show the sea cucumber  37 : exiting the apparatus past the rear flattening plate  17 .       
 
         [0057]    The foregoing examples and advantages are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present inventions. The present teaching can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses and machines, or use thereof. Also, the descriptions of the examples of the present inventions are intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims, and many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In particular, the individual structural elements claimed as being may be practiced alone and not in combination with other stages of the machine and remain independently inventive.