Abstract:
A drop analysis/drop check system allows a plurality of printheads to remain stationary during analysis to emulate operation of an actual piezoelectric microdeposition system. The system provides accurate tuning of individual nozzle ejectors and allows for substrate loading and alignment in parallel with drop analysis/drop check. The drop analysis/drop check system includes a motion controller directing movement of a stage, a printhead controller controlling a printhead to selectively eject drops of fluid material to be deposited on a substrate, and a camera supported by the stage for movement relative to the printheads. The camera receives a signal from the motion controller to initiate exposure of the camera and captures an image of the drops of fluid material ejected by the printheads. A light-emitting device includes a strobe controller that receives a signal from the camera to supply light to an area including the liquid drops during camera exposure.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a National Stage of International Application No. PCT/US2006/015607, filed Apr. 25, 2006, and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/674,584, 60/674,585, 60/674,588, 60/674,589, 60/674,590, 60/674,591, and 60/674,592, all filed on Apr. 25, 2005. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to drop analysis systems and more particularly to an improved drop analysis system for use with a piezoelectric microdeposition apparatus. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art. 
     Electric printing systems typically include a series of printheads that selectively deposit fluid material onto a workpiece such as a substrate. The printheads and/or substrate may be moved relative to one another to form a pattern of fluid material on a surface of the substrate having a predetermined configuration. One such system is a piezoelectric microdeposition system (PMD) that deposits fluid material on a surface of a substrate by selectively applying electric current to a piezoelectric element associated with a printhead of the PMD system. 
     Conventional PMD systems may include a drop analysis system associated with respective printheads of the PMD system to ensure that the liquid material deposited from each printhead includes a predetermined shape and/or volume. Controlling the shape and volume of the fluid material deposited by each printhead controls the pattern of fluid material formed on the surface of the substrate. 
     Conventional drop analysis systems include large diameter lenses and illuminators that are typically located about 30 to 120 millimeters from the drop location of the fluid material to provide sufficient clearance between the printheads of the PMD system and associated mounting hardware of the drop analysis system. Therefore, conventional drop analysis systems are cumbersome and difficult to arrange properly relative to the PMD system. 
     Typically, drop analysis systems use a light emitting device (LED) and a diffuser screen that cooperate to illuminate drops as they are ejected from the printheads of the PMD system. Interaction between light from the LED and the drop from the printhead illuminates a profile of the drop, which may be captured by a camera. Conventional systems typically require a long-light pulse (i.e., 2 to 5 USEC) from the LED to achieve sufficient illumination of the drop in order for the camera to capture a high-contrast image. Because the drops are released from each printhead at a high speed of ejection (up to 8 meters per second), the long-light pulse of the LED may result in a “blur” of the drop. For example, a 2 USEC pulse may cause an image of the drop captured by the camera to blur by 16 microns (almost 50 percent of the size of the drop itself). Such blurring results in greater uncertainty in the true area and diameter of the drop and results in single drop readings that vary by as much as five percent. Conventional systems can achieve one percent accuracy in measuring drop volume, but can only achieve such accurate readings by taking many image samples, thereby increasing the complexity and cost of the drop analysis system. 
     SUMMARY 
     A drop analysis/drop check system allows a plurality of printheads to remain stationary during analysis to emulate operation of an actual piezoelectric microdeposition system. The system provides accurate tuning of individual nozzle ejectors and allows for substrate loading and alignment in parallel with drop analysis/drop check. The drop analysis/drop check system includes a motion controller directing movement of a stage, a printhead controller controlling a printhead to selectively eject drops of fluid material to be deposited on a substrate, and a camera supported by the stage for movement relative to the printheads. The camera receives a signal from the motion controller to initiate exposure of the camera and captures an image of the drops of fluid material ejected by the printheads. A light-emitting device includes a strobe controller that receives a signal from the camera to supply light to an area including the liquid drops during camera exposure. 
     Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. 
    
    
     
       DRAWINGS 
       The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a PMD system including a drop analysis system of the present teachings; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a drop analysis stage and optics module in relation to a printhead maintenance station; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic drawing of the drop analysis system of  FIG. 1  incorporated into the PMD system of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a folded optical path used by the drop analysis system of  FIG. 1  to illuminate drops ejected by the PMD system during image capture; and 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic representation of the drop analysis system in relation to a head array and drops of fluid material ejected therefrom of the PMD system of  FIG. 1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features. 
     With reference to the drawings, a piezoelectric microdeposition (PMD) system  10  is provided and includes a drop imaging system  12  capable of performing a drop check analysis and a drop analysis. The drop imaging system  12  includes a drop view imaging module  14  that is supported by an X/Y/Z stage  15  relative to a series of printheads  17  of the PMD system  10  to capture an image of fluid material ejected from at least one printhead  17 . 
     As will be described herein, the PMD system  10  deposits fluid material onto workpieces such as substrates  25  according to user-defined computer-executable instructions. The term “computer-executable instructions,” which is also referred to herein as “program modules” or “modules,” generally includes routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, or the like that implement particular abstract data types or perform particular tasks such as, but not limited to, executing computer numerical controls for implementing PMD processes. Program modules may be stored on any computer-readable material such as RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of storing instructions or data structures and capable of being accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. 
     The terms “fluid manufacturing material” and “fluid material” as defined herein, are broadly construed to include any material that can assume a low viscosity form and is suitable for being deposited from a printhead  17  of the PMD system  10  onto a substrate  25  for forming a microstructure, for example. Fluid manufacturing materials may include, but are not limited to, light-emitting polymers (LEPs), which can be used to form polymer light-emitting diode display devices (PLEDs, and PolyLEDs). Fluid manufacturing materials may also include plastics, metals, waxes, solders, solder pastes, biomedical products, acids, photoresists, solvents, adhesives, and epoxies. The term “fluid manufacturing material” is interchangeably referred to herein as “fluid material.” 
     The term “deposition,” as defined herein, generally refers to the process of depositing individual droplets of fluid materials on substrates. The terms ‘let,” “discharge,” “pattern,” and “deposit” are used interchangeably herein with specific reference to the deposition of the fluid material from a printhead  17  of the PMD system  10 , for example. The terms “droplet” and “drop” are also used interchangeably. 
     The term “substrate,” as defined herein, is broadly construed to include any workpiece or material having a surface that is suitable for receiving a fluid material during a manufacturing process such as a piezoelectric microdeposition process. Substrates include, but are not limited to, glass plates, pipettes, silicon wafers, ceramic tiles, rigid and flexible plastic and metal sheets, and rolls. In certain embodiments, a deposited fluid material may form a substrate having a surface suitable for receiving a fluid material during a manufacturing process, such as, for example, when forming three-dimensional microstructures. 
     The term “microstructures,” as defined herein, generally refers to structures formed with a high degree of precision that are sized to fit on a substrate  25 . Because the sizes of different substrates may vary, the term “microstructures” should not be construed to be limited to any particular size and can be used interchangeably with the term “structure”. Microstructures may include a single droplet of a fluid material, any combination of droplets, or any structure formed by depositing the droplet(s) on a substrate  25 , such as a two-dimensional layer, a three-dimensional architecture, and any other desired structure. 
     With reference to  FIG. 3 , the drop view imaging module  14  includes a camera  16 , an imaging lens  18 , mirrors  22 ,  22   a , and a prism  24 . The drop view imaging module  14  further includes an illumination system  19  having a light emitting device (LED)  28 , an LED strobe controller  26 , and at least one condensing lens  30 . 
     The mirrors  22 ,  22   a , and prism  24  cooperate to fold an optical path  32  (represented by dot and dash lines in a form similar to that of a periscope) generally between the LED  28  and the lens  18 . The mirrors  22 ,  22   a , and prism  24  fold the optical path  32  such that light from the LED  28  passes through a field-of-view  21  prior to the light being received by the lens  18  and camera  16 . Specifically, the prism  24  functions as a “periscope” with the mirrors  22 ,  22   a  cooperating to further direct the optical path  32  into the lens  18  and camera  16 . The prism  24  may include a reduced top portion  50  to facilitate packaging of the prism  24  on the X/Y/Z stage  15 . 
     The field-of-view  21  is positioned relative to a printhead  17  of the PMD system  10  such that liquid material ejected from the printhead  17  of the PMD system  10  passes through the field-of-view  21  and, thus, is illuminated by the LED  28 . The field-of-view  21  approximately between 0.6 millimeters and 1.5 millimeters in a first direction and is approximately between 0.6 millimeters and 1.5 millimeters in a second direction. For example, the field-of-view  21  may extend in an X direction approximately 0.9 millimeters and in a Y direction approximately 1.1 millimeters. The X direction may be generally perpendicular to the Y direction. 
     While a pair of mirrors  22 ,  22   a , and a single prism  24  are disclosed, at least one of the mirrors  22 ,  22   a  can be replaced with a prism while the prism  24  can be replaced with a mirror provided the optical path  32  is properly bent and light from the LED  28  passes through the field-of-view  21  prior to the light reaching the lens  18  and camera  16 . The specific configuration of the mirrors and prisms is not limited to two mirrors and one prism, but may be any combination thereof that suitably directs light from the LED  28  through the field-of-view  21  and finally into the lens  18  and camera  16 . 
     The camera  16  may be a commercially available solid-state camera capable of operating both at a resolution of approximately 640×480 at 60 frames per second and at a reduced resolution of approximately 640×100 at 240 frames per second. An image sensor (not shown) of the camera  16  may incorporate any suitable technology such as CCD, CMOS, or CID. The camera  16  can accept an external trigger signal to initiate image acquisition either directly or through a compatible frame grabber. The camera  16 , or its frame grabber, is also able to provide a trigger signal to the LED strobe controller  26  to trigger the LED  28  when the camera  16  is exposing its image sensor, if necessary. One example of a preferred camera is Model No. F033B made by Allied Vision, which includes an IEEE 1394 interface, thus eliminating the need for a frame grabber. The camera  16  further includes a CCD sensor that has higher sensitivity and lower fixed pattern noise than most CMOS image sensors. 
     The lens  18  may be a conventional lens and is selected based on the field-of-view  21  and the specific configuration of the camera  16 . In addition to the field-of-view  21  and the specific camera chosen, the lens  18  should also be chosen based on the numerical aperture (F-number) to balance the needs of resolution and depth-of-field. For example, the lens  18  may be an assembly including an infinity corrected objective lens and an imaging lens, such as Model Nos. B50 and FTM 350 made by Thales-Optem. By using an infinity corrected lens system, the objective lens (i.e., condensing lens  30 ) and the imaging lens (i.e., lens  18 ) can be separated by a predetermined distance without significantly increasing aberrations. Separation of the condensing lens  30  from lens  18  is accomplished through cooperation between the mirrors  22 ,  22   a  and the prism  24  such that light from the LED  28  may be directed through the field-of-view  21  and finally into the lens  18  and camera  16 . 
     By spacing the condensing lens  30  from lens  18 , the view imaging module  14  is able to maintain a compact design. Without use of the mirrors  22 ,  22   a  and prism  24 , the LED  28  could not be positioned generally adjacent to the lens  18  ( FIG. 3 ), but rather, would have to be positioned in line with the lens  18  such that light from the LED  28  transmitted through the field-of-view  21  could be received by the lens  18 . Placing the LED  28  in line with the lens  18  such that the LED  28  and lens  18  are generally positioned within the same plane as the field-of-view  21 , would increase the overall size of the drop view imaging module  14  and, thus, would increase the complexity of mounting the drop imaging system  12  to the PMD system  10 . 
     The size and position of the field-of-view  21  is based on the specific application to which the drop view imaging module  14  is used. For example, the size of the field-of-view  21  may be designed to be at least 0.8 millimeters horizontally and about 1.1 millimeters vertically. In such a configuration, the camera  16  is oriented such that the camera  16  scans drops of fluid material ejected from the printhead  17  vertically. With such a configuration, the spatial resolution at the field-of-view  21  is approximately 1.74 pml pixel. 
     The lens numerical aperture (i.e., F-stop) is selected to yield an optical resolution compatible with the spatial resolution and a depth-of-field compatible with the needs of the application. The depth-of-field is dictated by the possible deviation from the vertical path of a drop of liquid material when ejected by the printhead  17  when the drop of liquid material passes through the field-of-view  21 . For example, the depth-of-field may be +/−54 microns having a range of 108 microns. Preferably, the depth-of-field is approximately between 20 microns and 80 microns. 
     With the above-described field-of-view  21  and depth-of-field ranges, the lens  18  may include a numerical aperture (i.e., F-stop) of 0.11. Configuring the lens  18  to have a numerical aperture of 0.11 yields an illumination wavelength of 455 nm, a diffraction limited optical resolution of 2.51 microns, and a geometrical depth-of-field range of 148 microns. Because there is no numerical aperture that provides both the desired resolution and the desired depth-of-field ranges, choosing the numerical aperture tends to be a trade-off between the optical resolution and the desired depth-of-field range. 
     The LED  28  of the illumination system  19  is a high-powered light emitting device and may be positioned behind a diffuser  23 . The LED  28  may be a Lumiled Luxeon III available from Lumiled Corporation. Preferably, the LED  28  has a dominant wavelength of 455 am as use of a shorter wavelength is preferred to yield a higher diffraction limited resolution. The diffuser  23  may be a replicated diffuser having a 3.8 degree spread angle made from material manufactured by Reflexite, Inc. The diffuser  23  homogenizes the light from the LED  28  with minimal optical loss. The diffuser  23  includes an aperture (not shown) that limits the size of a cone of illumination, which in turn limits the amount by which the field-of-view  21  is overfilled. 
     Illumination of a drop from a printhead  17  of the PMD system  10  is generally carried out with condenser backlighting. Front lighting is not preferred, as the range of angles required to illuminate the substantially spherical drop becomes problematic. Because the illumination system  19  uses backlighting, Kohler backlighting and critical backlighting are acceptable forms for use with the drop view imaging module  14  and PMD system  10 . While critical backlighting provides a more simplistic system, Kohler backlighting may be preferred over critical backlighting, as Kohler backlighting provides greater illumination uniformity and better optical efficiency. 
     The condensing lens  30  may include a pair of Fresnel lenses having a traditional condenser configuration to image the diffuser  23  onto the field-of-view  21 . A supplemental glass lens (not shown) may be used along with the Fresnel lenses to enhance the illumination uniformity. While a supplemental glass lens may be used in addition to the Fresnel lenses, such a configuration may not be required, depending on the configuration of the drop view imaging module  14  and PMD system  10 . 
     The LED strobe controller  26  controls the LED  28  by supplying the LED  28  with a waveform signal. The LED strobe controller  26  receives a trigger signal from the camera  16  and powers the LED  28  with a current waveform (i.e., a signal or pulse) that is adjustable in both amplitude and duration. For example, the LED strobe controller  26  may control the LED  28  using pulse-width modulation by providing a waveform to the LED  28  at a particular amplitude and duration. Adjustment of the amplitude and duration may be either manually set, such as with trimpots or digit switches, or may be remotely programmed such as, for example, via a serial communication port ( FIG. 3 ). Preferably, the LED strobe controller  26  is capable of being both manually set (i.e., via trimpots or digit switches) and remotely programmed (i.e., via a serial communication port). 
     Exposure of the camera  16  may be controlled based on the amplitude and duration of the waveform supplied to the LED  28 . Preferably, the duration of the waveform supplied to the LED  28  is reduced to the lowest duration possible that still yields an acceptable exposure. For example, a waveform duration of one micro-second having an amplitude of approximately 15 Amps may be used. Because drops exiting the printhead  17  are traveling at up to eight meters per second, a drop travels eight meters or 4.6 pixels during a one micro-second waveform. If a shorter pulse is desired, a higher amplitude LED light waveform or a camera with significantly lower noise capability are required. 
     As described previously, the drop view imaging module  14  is mounted on a motorized X/Y/Z stage  15 , which includes motors and encoders (neither shown) to propel the X/Y/Z stage  15  in the X, Y, and Z directions. The motors may be electromagnetic or piezoelectric motors such that a current supplied to the motor causes the drop view imaging module  14  to move in one or both of the X and Y directions after the drop view imaging module  14  has been moved into the desired Z position. The desired Z position represents the desired inspection point or the distance from a nozzle ejector associated with a printhead  17  that represents the effective contact distance when printing over the substrate  25  occurs. 
     The encoders are preferably optical encoders with a 0.1 micron or finer resolution. While motors and optical encoders are disclosed, any motion system suitable of propelling the stage in the X, Y, and Z directions in a coordinated fashion and any encoder capable of controlling ejection of fluid material from the printheads  17  and image capture by the camera  16  may be used in place of motors and/or optical encoders. 
     During operation of the drop view imaging module, a drop check procedure may be initiated to verify correct operation of each printhead  17  of the PMD system  10 . For a drop check procedure, movement of the X/Y/Z stage transporting the drop view imaging module  14  is essentially continuous such that the printhead  17  and PMD system  10  is monitored throughout operation. 
     The encoders located on the X/Y/Z stage  15  control ejection of drops of fluid material from each printhead  17  of the PMD system as well as triggering of the camera  16  to acquire an image of the ejected drops via a motion controller  34 . The motion controller  34  is preferably a Delta Tau UMAC motion controller. 
     The motion controller  34  sends a signal to the camera  16  to initiate exposure of the camera  16 . Once the camera  16  receives the trigger signal from the motion controller  34 , the camera  16  sends a trigger signal to the LED strobe controller  26  to initiate a pulse of light. By allowing the camera  16  to trigger the LED strobe controller  26 , a proper amount of light from the LED  28  is emitted and is properly timed with ejection of a drop of fluid material from a respective printhead  17  such that a desired image can be captured by camera  16 . 
     Once the camera  16  has captured an image of the drop of fluid material, the camera  16  transmits data of the image to an image-processing computer  36 . The image-processing computer  36  receives the image data from the camera  16  and verifies the correct operation of the printhead  17 . Correct operation is determined by comparing the location of the centroid of the drop image to an acceptable window-of-operation that is user defined on the image processing computer  36 . Depending on the accuracy of drop ejection required for a particular application, the window-of-operation can be increased to allow for higher reliability of the system. The window-of-operation is stored for each particular print job that may be requested of the PMD system  10  and automatically adjusts without further user interaction. 
     In addition to performing a drop check procedure, the drop view imaging module  14  may also perform a drop analysis, which measures various metrics of the drops of fluid material ejected by the printhead  17 . For example, during a drop analysis procedure, the drops of fluid material ejected by the printhead  17  may be measured for size, area, diameter, volume, velocity of ejection, and directionality of the drop trajectory in the field-of-view  21 . 
     During drop analysis, the drop view imaging module  14  acquires images of a number of drops from a single nozzle of a particular printhead  17 . The X/Y/Z stage  15  is able to position the drop view imaging module  14  relative to the monitored printhead  17  through movement in the X, Y, and Z directions. Moving the drop view imaging module  14  in the X and Y directions allows the camera  16  and lens  18  to be properly positioned relative to the field-of-view  21  of a particular printhead  17 . Specifically, by moving the drop view imaging module  14  relative to the printhead  17  and associated printhead electronics, the optical path  32  may be positioned such that the optical path  32  crosses the field-of-view  21  to allow the camera  16  to capture an image of a drop of fluid material ejected by a printhead  17 . 
     Movement in the Z direction allows viewing of drops essentially from the point of ejection at the nozzle of a printhead  17  to at least 3 mm from the point of ejection. To obtain accurate area, diameter, and volume measurements it is essential to have stable droplet formation with good circularity of the image. Such accurate measurements are typically accomplished by image capture at distances greater then 1 mm from the nozzle ejector, so the distance must be either set by the operator at the ideal inspection point or set by the image processing computer  36  to automatically select a location based on data consistency and quality. 
     Motion in the Z direction also allows for characterization of the average drop velocity from the point of ejection at the nozzle to a working surface of the substrate  25 . Incorporating this velocity information into the firing data allows for compensation of velocity errors for each nozzle as the deposition process starts on a substrate  25 . Such analysis allows the drop view imaging module  14  to detect the drop velocity of the drop of fluid material based on a difference in drop position divided by a change in delay time to an accuracy of approximately 0.1%. 
     Selection of the optics/camera  16  is a trade off between field-of-view, depth-of-field, frame capture rate, and spatial resolution. The system is based on an optimal spatial resolution of approximately 2.2 microns per pixel on the CCD array to achieve the goals for drop check analysis and drop analysis. Because the system was designed to work with a variety of printheads from different manufacturers with various inherent drop volumes (i.e., from 2 to 80 picoliters), the system can acquire multiple samples per drop as a function of drop size or volume to achieve the 1% measurement accuracy. For example, at 10 pl drop size, 11 samples would be required to average the results and achieve the 1% measurement goal while at 15 pl, only five samples are required. At 30 pl or larger, only one sample is required. 
     As described above, the optical path  32  is generally bent between the LED  28  and the lens  18  of the camera  16  by the mirrors  22 ,  22   a , and prism  24 . By bending the optical path  32  between the LED  28  and camera  16 , the camera  16 , lens  18 , and LED  28  may be positioned in relative proximity to one another to reduce the overall size of the drop imaging module  14 . Reducing the overall size of the drop imaging module  14  allows greater flexibility in movement of the drop view imaging module  14  relative to the printhead  17  and also allows the drop view imaging module  14  to move in closer proximity to the printhead  17 . 
     During operation of a drop analysis procedure, the LED strobe controller  26  issues a signal to printhead electronics associated with the printhead  17  to trigger the ejection of drops of fluid material from the printhead  17 . The frequency of the signal sent by the LED strobe controller  26  is approximately equal to a drop frequency of fluid material during printing. For example, the drop frequency may approximately be 10 kHz. 
     To ensure that the requisite images of each drop of fluid material are acquired, a strobe controller board (not shown) associated with the LED strobe controller  26  includes a list of required images with associated delay times from the drop trigger signal. For example, if an image of a drop of fluid material is required shortly after ejection from the printhead  17 , the delay from triggering of the drop to triggering of image acquisition and illumination from LED  28  would be relatively small to ensure that the image of the drop is acquired shortly after ejection from the printhead  17 . Conversely, if the required image is such that the overall shape of the drop just prior to reaching the substrate  25  is desired, the delay between the trigger signal that ejects the drop of fluid material from the printhead  17  and the trigger signal that initiates image acquisition and illumination would be somewhat larger to allow the drop to be fully released by the printhead  17  prior to the camera  16  acquiring an image. 
     Prior to the strobe controller issuing a trigger signal to the printhead  17  to eject a drop of fluid material, a signal from the camera  16  must first be received by the LED strobe controller  26 , alerting the LED strobe controller  26  that the camera  16  is not busy and is ready to acquire an image. When the camera  16  is not busy acquiring an image or transmitting an image to the image-processing computer  36 , the LED strobe controller  26  is able to trigger the camera  16  to acquire an image of a drop of fluid material ejected by the printhead  17  and is able to synchronize an ejection of fluid material from the printhead  17  with exposure of the camera  16 . 
     As noted above, the LED strobe controller  26  directs ejection of a drop of fluid material from the printhead  17  once the camera  16  indicates that it is not busy, and will direct the camera  16  to capture an image of the drop of fluid material a predetermined time following ejection of the fluid drop from the printhead  17 . The predetermined amount of time is based on the desired image (i.e., shortly following ejection or just prior to the drop of fluid material reaching the substrate, for example). The differences in the predetermined delays allows the drop analysis module  14  to capture images of drops of fluid material at various positions following ejection from a printhead  17 . 
     The LED strobe controller  26  continually initializes the acquisition of images of drops of fluid material from the printhead  17  until each of the requisite images stored in the list within the strobe controller board are acquired. Once each of the requisite images are acquired by the LED strobe controller  26 , the images are transmitted to the image-processing computer  36  for analysis. 
     Because drop analysis takes an in depth measure of the overall size, shape, and velocity of the drops of fluid material being ejected by the printhead  17 , the drop analysis procedure is typically performed less frequently than the drop checking procedure. However, the drop analysis procedure may be performed each time a printhead  17  is engaged to ensure that the printhead  17  is providing drops of fluid material that meet a predetermined size, shape, and velocity. The interval to perform drop analysis can be selected by the operator as a function of time or number of substrates  25  that have been printed since last analysis.