Abstract:
In accordance with one embodiment, a shoe includes a sole and an upper attached to the sole. The upper has a first transparent window formed therein, with the first window being completely contained within the upper such that material that forms the upper completely surrounds the first window. The first window permits an interior of the shoe to be visible.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/184,718, filed Aug. 1, 2008, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/244,630, filed Oct. 5, 2005, (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,421,806), which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/615,896, which was filed on Oct. 5, 2004, each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to footwear, and more particularly, to footwear with at least one display area that overlaps in a specific predetermined manner with an innerliner to display the innerliner. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    Conventional footwear having transparent and translucent areas that can display an underlying sock have been available for some time, e.g., Jellies®, Melissa Love System®, Adidas Clima Response/Cool® or Nike Air Max Rival®. The first reference to this concept identified was in 1697 when Charles Perrault included glass slippers in his version of the tale of Cinderella. A user could use such footwear with a conventional sock, such as one having a single color, so that the color of the sock would be visible through the footwear. In the art, U.S. Pat. No. 2,887,792 to Staff notes that, at the time of that patent, women&#39;s shoes with transparent uppers were popular and they allowed the stockings of the wearer to be visible. Staff discloses a transparent woman&#39;s dress shoe that uses a consumer changeable plastic insert to change the appearance of the shoe. U.S. Pat. No. 5,659,979 to Sileo has a transparent sole and upper so its decorated and exchangeable tongue and insole can be viewed. Coordinated shoelaces may also be used. U.S. Pat. No. 6,711,836 to Weiss also presents the concept of an exchangeable device to alter the appearance of footwear in the form of a removable member, an elongated insole. 
         [0004]    Additionally, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,982,033, 3,319,360 and 4,096,650 to Bingham, Nadler, and Seidel, respectively, disclose transparent boots that use a liner to influence the appearance of the boot in which the liner is permanently attached during the manufacturing process. A version of the Nike Air Zoom UltraFlight® provides a clear plastic shell that allows a single removable sock-liner provided with the footwear to be displayed therethrough. The Nike Air Force II Espo® provides a sneaker with transparent areas and an associated flat blue sock with a white swoosh, representing the company&#39;s logo, to be displayed through the footwear. Cheer Athletic® provides a sneaker with a mesh display area and Severe Socks® with flat colors that allow the user to alter the color of the area on the shoe by displaying the different flat colored socks. Nike® also provides a line of Michael Jordan Sandals that have an associated sock whose color pattern aligns with the color pattern on the sandal. Crocs® provide a sandal with circular and oval cut out/open areas and a line of socks that have a design that emulates the layout of cut out/open areas on the sandal. When the sandals and socks are worn in conjunction a section of the sock may align with a section of the cut out/open areas on the sandal, loosely displaying a portion of the sock&#39;s design through the sandal. 
         [0005]    Several patents disclose cutout or window sections of footwear, which allow a picture placed inside or on the footwear to be seen. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,516,337 to Adamik and U.S. Pat. No. 4,852,276 to Savoca provide a transparent pouch on the outside of the footwear for displaying materials inserted in the pouch, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0025373 to Schuver et al. discloses a window to the interior of the footwear for viewing indicia for sizing purposes. 
         [0006]    Several additional patents and patent applications address changeable footwear. U.S. Pat. No. 5,083,385 to Halford provides interchangeable uppers that allow the footwear to be readily transformable. US Patent Applications No. 2004/0172853, No. 2004/0187351 and 2005/0102856 disclose footwear with a rotating tongue that can be turned to provide a second appearance to the footwear. A product utilizing this technology called the Varados® with Tongue Twister®, have transparent mesh stripes that can display the appearance of the elongated tongue, and are currently marketed by K-Swiss®. US Patent Application No. 2005/0016032 discloses a changeable stripe for footwear having a pull tab connected to the stripe that can be shifted in one direction or the other to disclose different surface features of the stripe, in order to vary the coloration or design of the stripe that is visable. A product utilizing this technology called the Wallis, with Stripe Shifter, is currently marketed by K-Swiss®. 
         [0007]    None of the above inventions or products provide a footwear system having footwear with at least one transparent, semi-transparent, and/or translucent display area and a system of specifically designed user interchangeable innerliners that allow the user to rapidly, easily, and effectively alter the appearance of their footwear to achieve multiple predetermined combined appearances by simply changing the innerliners. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0008]    In accordance with one embodiment, a shoe includes a sole and an upper attached to the sole. The upper has a first transparent window formed therein, with the first window being completely contained within the upper such that material that forms the upper completely surrounds the first window. The first window permits an interior of the shoe to be visible. 
         [0009]    In another embodiment, a shoe includes a sole and an upper attached to the sole. The upper has a first transparent window formed therein, with the first window being completely contained within the upper such that material that forms the upper completely surrounds the first window. The first transparent window includes an opening formed in the upper with a transparent material being disposed over the opening. The transparent material is configured to alter an appearance of an object disposed within an interior of the shoe that is visible through the window. The object can be in the form of an innerliner that is disposed within an interior of the shoe and is constructed to be worn on a foot such that a selected portion of the innerliner aligns with and display through the window. The selected portion of the innerliner includes graphic content for display through the window. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0010]    The foregoing and other features of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description and drawings of the illustrative embodiments of the invention wherein like reference numbers refer to similar elements and in which: 
           [0011]      FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of footwear according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0012]      FIG. 1B  is a perspective view of a single color innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 1A  according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0013]      FIG. 1C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 1A and 1B , respectively; 
           [0014]      FIG. 1D  is a perspective view of a two color innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 1A  according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0015]      FIG. 1E  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 1A and 1D , respectively; 
           [0016]      FIG. 1F  is a perspective view of a three color innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 1A  according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0017]      FIG. 1G  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 1A and 1F , respectively; 
           [0018]      FIG. 1H  is a perspective view of a multicolor innerliner with an image designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 1A  according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0019]      FIG. 1I  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 1A and 1H , respectively; 
           [0020]      FIG. 2A  is a perspective view of footwear according to a second embodiment of the present invention with multiple special display areas; 
           [0021]      FIG. 2B  is a perspective view of a two color, innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 2A  according to the second embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0022]      FIG. 2C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 2A and 2B , respectively; 
           [0023]      FIG. 2D  is a perspective view of an innerliner with multiple segments of different colors, which is designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 2A  according to the second embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0024]      FIG. 2E  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 2A and 2D , respectively; 
           [0025]      FIG. 3A  is a perspective view of multiple segment footwear according to a third embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0026]      FIG. 3B  is a perspective view of an innerliner with multiple segments of different colors designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 3A  according to the third embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0027]      FIG. 3C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 3A and 3B , respectively; 
           [0028]      FIG. 4A  is a perspective view of footwear according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0029]      FIG. 4B  is a perspective view of an innerliner, with multiple segments, text, and images, designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 4A  according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0030]      FIG. 4C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 4A and 4B , respectively; 
           [0031]      FIG. 5A  is a perspective view of footwear according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention with special display areas forming text; 
           [0032]      FIG. 5B  is a perspective view of an innerliner with multiple segments of different colors designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 5A  according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0033]      FIG. 5C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 5A and 5B , respectively; 
           [0034]      FIG. 5D  is a perspective view of footwear designed for use with the innerliner of  FIG. 5B  according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0035]      FIG. 5E  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 5D and 5B , respectively; 
           [0036]      FIG. 6A  is a perspective view of footwear according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention with a single small special display area; 
           [0037]      FIG. 6B  is a perspective view of an innerliner with text, which is designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 6A  according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0038]      FIG. 6C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 6A and 6B , respectively; 
           [0039]      FIG. 7A  is a perspective view of footwear according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention wherein the footwear has designs and text; 
           [0040]      FIG. 7B  is a perspective view of a multiple section, multiple color innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 7A  according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0041]      FIG. 7C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 7A and 7B , respectively; 
           [0042]      FIG. 7D  is a perspective view of a multiple section, multiple color innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 7A  according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0043]      FIG. 7E  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 7A and 7D , respectively; 
           [0044]      FIG. 8A  is a perspective view of footwear according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention with colored special display areas; 
           [0045]      FIG. 8B  is a perspective view of an innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 8A  according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0046]      FIG. 8C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 8A and 8B , respectively; 
           [0047]      FIG. 8D  is a perspective view of a two color innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 8A  according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention wherein the innerliner and display area colors interact to produce the color orange; 
           [0048]      FIG. 8E  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 8A and 8D , respectively; 
           [0049]      FIG. 8F  is a perspective view of a two color innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 8A  according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention wherein the innerliner and display area colors interact to produce the color green; 
           [0050]      FIG. 8G  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 8A and 8F , respectively; 
           [0051]      FIG. 9A  is a perspective view of footwear according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention in which some of the appearance of the innerliner emanates from the SDA; 
           [0052]      FIG. 9B  is a perspective view of an innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 9A  according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0053]      FIG. 9C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 9A and 9B , respectively; 
           [0054]      FIG. 10A  is a cross-sectional view of the combination of a SDA and innerliner according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention, in which a SDA with mirrors effects, and/or interacts with, the innerliner to cause emanation; 
           [0055]      FIG. 10B  is a cross-sectional view of the combination of a SDA and innerliner also according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention, in which a SDA with a surface treatment effects and/or interacts with the innerliner to cause emanation; 
           [0056]      FIG. 10C  is a cross-sectional view of the combination of a SDA and innerliner according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention in which a SDA with lenses effects and/or interacts with the innerliner to cause emanation; 
           [0057]      FIG. 11A  is a perspective view of footwear according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention with an image shaped SDA on the shoe that is coordinated with the innerliner; 
           [0058]      FIG. 11B  is a perspective view of a multiple color, multiple section innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 11A  according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0059]      FIG. 11C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 11A and 11B , respectively; 
           [0060]      FIG. 12A  is a perspective view of footwear according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention that includes a SDA that magnifies attributes of the innerliner; 
           [0061]      FIG. 12B  is a perspective view of an innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 12A  according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0062]      FIG. 12C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 12A and 12B , respectively; 
           [0063]      FIG. 13A  is a perspective view of footwear according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0064]      FIG. 13B  is a perspective view of an innerliner with text and images, which is designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 13A  according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0065]      FIG. 13C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 13A and 13B , respectively; 
           [0066]      FIG. 14A  is a perspective view of footwear according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention with a SDA that makes the appearance of an innerliner sparkly and a SDA that transmits varying degrees of light; 
           [0067]      FIG. 14B  is a perspective view of an innerliner designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 14A  according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0068]      FIG. 14C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 14A and 14B , respectively; 
           [0069]      FIG. 15A  is a perspective view of footwear according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention that includes a fluid filled SDA with particles that can be positioned using magnetized materials; 
           [0070]      FIG. 15B  is a perspective view of an innerliner incorporating magnetized materials designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 15A  according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0071]      FIG. 15C  is a perspective view of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 15A and 15B , respectively; 
           [0072]      FIG. 16A  is a perspective view of an innerliner according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention with temperature and humidity control areas; 
           [0073]      FIG. 16B  is a perspective view of the combination of footwear according to the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention and the innerliner of  FIG. 16A ; 
           [0074]      FIG. 17  is a perspective view of an innerliner having strength bands according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0075]      FIG. 18A  is a cross section of footwear according to an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention with recessed portions that interlock with a corresponding innerliner; 
           [0076]      FIG. 18B  is a cross section of an innerliner, which is designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 18A  according to the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0077]      FIG. 18C  is a cross section of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 18A and 18B , respectively; 
           [0078]      FIG. 19A  is a cross section of footwear according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention with a protrusion that interlocks with a corresponding innerliner; 
           [0079]      FIG. 19B  is a cross section of an innerliner, which is designed for use with the footwear of  FIG. 19A  according to the nineteenth embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0080]      FIG. 19C  is a cross section of the combination of the footwear and innerliner of  FIGS. 19A and 19B , respectively; 
           [0081]      FIG. 20A  is an enlarged cross section of a combination of footwear and an innerliner with a small gap in-between them; 
           [0082]      FIG. 20B  is an enlarged cross section of the combination of the footwear and the innerliner of  FIG. 20A  without the gap; 
           [0083]      FIG. 21  is a diagram showing the steps for putting an innerliner on a user&#39;s foot and placing the innerliner covered foot into the footwear, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0084]      FIG. 22A  is a diagram showing the steps for inserting an innerliner into footwear, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0085]      FIG. 22B  is a diagram showing the steps for placing a user&#39;s foot into the combined footwear and the innerliner of  FIG. 22A ; 
           [0086]      FIG. 23  is a diagram showing a two part innerliner and the steps for inserting the outer layer of an innerliner into footwear, for putting a user&#39;s foot into the inner layer of the innerliner, and for placing the inner layer covered foot into the combined footwear and outer layer to create the innerliner, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0087]      FIG. 24A  is a diagram showing a two part innerliner and the steps for putting a user&#39;s foot into an inner layer and placing the inner layer covered foot into an outer layer in order to form the innerliner, according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0088]      FIG. 24B  is a diagram showing the steps for placing the user&#39;s foot and the innerliner of  FIG. 24A  into footwear; 
           [0089]      FIG. 25A  is a perspective view of an inner layer of an innerliner; 
           [0090]      FIG. 25B  is a perspective view of an outer layer adapted to be worn over the inner layer of  FIG. 25A , according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0091]      FIG. 26A  is a perspective view of a “non-sock-like” liner that can serve as, an outer layer or an innerliner, according to an embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0092]      FIG. 26B  is a perspective view of a “non-sock-like” liner that can serve as, an outer layer or an innerliner according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0093]      FIGS. 1A-1I  illustrate various combinations of footwear of the present invention and multiple innerliners according to various embodiments of the present invention. The footwear system of the present invention includes the footwear with SDA and a system of innerliners. 
       Footwear 
       [0094]    The footwear according to the present invention typically includes a sole and an upper, which is the part of the footwear disposed above the sole. The footwear can be of any type, such as sneakers, shoes, boots, moccasins, slippers, rollerblades and ice skates. The innerliner can be any type, such as socks, hosiery, stockings, a two-part liner, an inner layer of traditional footwear, a flexible shell, which is contiguous, but not necessarily continuous around at least a portion of a user&#39;s foot. The innerliner does not necessarily encompass the whole foot. Examples of potential innerliner materials include, but are not limited to, cotton, Spandex, nylon, rayon, lycra, silk, jute, polyester, wool, CoolMax, Spandex, leather, plastic, thermoplastic, PVC, EVA, sponge, foam, elastic, Velcro®, rubber and Teflon®. 
         [0095]    At least a portion of the upper of the footwear includes at least one special display area (SDA). The SDA is made of transparent, semi transparent or translucent materials. The SDA may also be a structure that contains physical openings that allow the transmission of light. Examples of potential SDA materials include, but are not limited to sheets of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoplastic urethane (TPU), polycarbonate, acrylic, silicone, polypropylene, polyester, water, helium, neon, air, Licron, Grip-Gard®, AdNano™, Teflon®, coatings and pigments dyes. Examples of structures of the SDA include, but are not limited to, solid, mesh, webbing, weave, gauze and sheer. The SDA allows light to travel from an interior surface to an exterior surface of the footwear. The SDA can cover a small area of the footwear, a medium-sized area of the footwear, or almost the entire upper of the footwear. 
         [0096]      FIG. 1A  illustrates a first embodiment of the footwear  1  of the present invention having a sole  2  and an upper  3 . The footwear  1  includes several SDAs,  4  located at the top of the upper  3 , a central portion of the rear of the upper  3 , and around the sides, front, and rear of the upper  3 . As an example, in this embodiment of the invention, the non-SDA portions of the footwear  1  may be black. 
       Innerliner 
       [0097]    Multiple innerliners with different appearances are provided for each model of footwear, thereby allowing users to rapidly, easily, and effectively alter the appearance of their footwear by simply changing their innerliners. 
         [0098]    In the present invention, the interchangeable innerliners are worn in conjunction with the footwear to allow at least one area of the innerliner to be displayed through at least one SDA on the footwear. The innerliners are designed to be worn with at least one model of footwear with the SDA. Specific areas of the innerliners are displayed through the SDA or a portion of the SDA. When the footwear displays the innerliner through the SDA, the resulting appearance, combined with its interrelation with the appearance of the other non-SDA portions of the footwear, provide an overall unique, user desirable combined appearance. This user desirable combined appearance can be maintained during the normal usage of and over the life cycle of the footwear and innerliners. The combined appearance is reproduced when the innerliner of the present invention is worn with a particular model of footwear with an SDA for which the innerliner is specifically designed, and the innerliner is displayed through the SDA in the footwear. 
         [0099]    The combined appearance is user desirable because the combination of the SDA and the specifically designed innerliner create a pleasing appearance, i.e., color, pattern, arrangement, picture, indicia, log, when displayed as desired by the user. 
         [0100]      FIG. 1B  illustrates an embodiment of an innerliner  6 , which is entirely of one color, e.g., black.  FIG. 1C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  1  shown in  FIG. 1A  and the innerliner  6  shown in  FIG. 1B . The combination of the all-black innerliner  6  and the footwear  1  having black non-SDA portions results in a combined appearance where the appearance of the footwear is all black, as shown in  FIG. 1C , and gives the appearance of a dress shoe. 
         [0101]    In the figures, the reference character shown in parentheses (“( )”) next to the reference character indicating a SDA, e.g., SDA  4 , on the footwear indicates the reference number of the portion of the innerliner which is seen through the SDA. For example, in  FIG. 1C , reference character “4 (6)” indicates that the all-black innerliner  6  is visible through the particular SDA  4 . 
         [0102]      FIG. 1D  illustrates an embodiment of an innerliner  7 , which has two colors, e.g., a grey-colored bottom portion  7 A and a black-colored ankle portion  7 B.  FIG. 1E  illustrates the combination of the footwear  1  shown in  FIG. 1A  and the innerliner  7  shown in  FIG. 1D . The grey-colored bottom portion  7 A is designed to be positioned inside the footwear  1  when the innerliner  7  and the footwear  1  are placed on the user&#39;s foot. The combination of the innerliner  7  and the footwear  1  results in a combined appearance that includes the grey-colored bottom portion  7 A being visible through the SDA  4  in the footwear  1 , as shown in  FIG. 1E . 
         [0103]    The innerliners of the present invention are interchangeable with at least one model of footwear so that when the innerliners are worn with the footwear, specific portions of the innerliners are visible through the SDA in the footwear, thereby creating a unique, user desirable combined appearance in coordination with the particular model of footwear. Thus, the innerliners can be designed having particular portions that are intended to be shown only through one or more predetermined SDAs on the footwear. Therefore, the positioning of the design and attributes of the innerliners relative to the SDA can be important, as shown by the embodiments of the invention described below. 
         [0104]      FIG. 1F  illustrates an embodiment of an innerliner  8 , which has three colored portions or sections, e.g., a white-colored top portion  8 A, a grey-colored bottom portion  8 B, and a black-colored ankle portion  8 C.  FIG. 1G  illustrates the combination of the footwear  1  shown in  FIG. 1A  and the innerliner  8  shown in  FIG. 1F . The white-colored top portion  8 A and grey-colored bottom portion  8 B are adapted to be positioned inside the footwear  1  when the innerliner  8  and the footwear  1  are placed on the user&#39;s foot. The combination of the innerliner  8  and the footwear  1  results in a combined appearance in which the white-colored top portion  8 A is visible through the SDA  4  at the top and the central portion of the rear of the upper  3 , and the grey-colored bottom portion  8 B is visible through the SDA  4  that spans the sides, front, and rear of the upper  3  in the footwear  1 , as shown in  FIG. 1G . Thus, the innerliners provide different predetermined and precise appearances through different SDA on the footwear. 
         [0105]      FIG. 1H  illustrates an embodiment of an innerliner  9 , which has a bottom portion  9 A that is decorated with an image or graphical representation, e.g., of a flame, with a background color that is darkest at the toe of the innerliner  9  and fades towards the rear of the innerliner  9 . The innerliner  9  also includes an ankle portion  9 B that is of a different color, e.g., white.  FIG. 1I  illustrates the combination of the footwear  1  shown in  FIG. 1A  and the innerliner  9  shown in  FIG. 1H . This combination shown results in footwear that appears adorned with a flame with a background color that is darkest at the toe and fades towards the rear of the footwear  1 , as shown in  FIG. 1I . Thus, from  FIGS. 1A-1I , it should be apparent that the footwear  1  can have dramatically different appearances based on the design of the innerliner and its interrelation with SDA on the footwear. For example,  FIG. 1C  shows a conservative black dress shoe whereas  FIG. 1I  has a more casual appearance. 
         [0106]    There are various ways in which the SDA can be positioned on the footwear, and there are various ways to design the innerliner to coordinate with the SDA on the footwear.  FIG. 2A  illustrates a second embodiment of footwear  11  of the present invention having a sole  12  and an upper  13 . The footwear  11  includes several SDA  14  located at various positions on the upper  13 . In this embodiment of the invention, the non-SDA portions of the footwear  11  can be various colors, e.g., black and white. 
         [0107]      FIG. 2B  illustrates an embodiment of a segmented innerliner  16 , which has a single-colored bottom portion  16 A, which may be grey, and a different-colored ankle portion  16 B, which may be white. The lines on the grey-colored bottom portion  16 A indicate the boundaries of the areas or segments of the innerliner  16 .  FIG. 2C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  11  shown in  FIG. 2A  and the innerliner  16  shown in  FIG. 2B . The combination of the innerliner  16  and the footwear  11  results in a combined appearance in which the grey-colored bottom portion  16 A is visible through the SDA  14  in the footwear  11 , as shown in  FIG. 2C . 
         [0108]      FIG. 2D  illustrates an embodiment of an innerliner  17 , which has a multi-colored bottom portion with different-colored segments or panels, e.g., a yellow panel  17 A, a blue panel  17 B, a red panel  17 C, a yellow panel  17 D, a red panel  17 E, and a white-colored ankle portion  17 F. Each segment  17 A,  17 B,  17 C,  17 D,  17 E of the multi-colored bottom portion of the innerliner  16  is designed to be positioned under the respective SDA  14  on the footwear  11 .  FIG. 2E  illustrates the combination of the footwear  11  shown in  FIG. 2A  and the innerliner  17  shown in  FIG. 2D . The combination of the innerliner  17  and the footwear  11  results in a combined appearance which includes the panels  17 A,  17 B,  17 C,  17 D,  17 E of the multi-colored bottom portion being visible through the respective SDA  14  in the footwear  11 , as shown in  FIG. 2E . Thus, with the innerliner  16  shown in  FIG. 2B , the footwear  11  is black, white, and grey. With the innerliner  17  shown in  FIG. 2D , the footwear  11  is black, white, yellow, red, and blue. Thus, in this case, multiple colors are displayed through multiple SDA, and the tongue of the footwear, through which red panel  17 E is visible, is a SDA. 
         [0109]      FIG. 3A  illustrates a third embodiment of footwear  21  of the present invention having a sole  22  and an upper  23 . The footwear  21  includes several SDAs  24  located at various positions on the upper  23 , including SDA  24 , that are shaped as stripes on the top and the sides of the upper  23 . Other SDAs  24  are located on the front and rear of the upper  23  and extend to the sides of the upper  23 . In this embodiment of the invention, most of the non-SDA portions of the footwear  21  may be black. 
         [0110]      FIG. 3B  illustrates an embodiment of an innerliner  26 , which has multiple colored sections, e.g., a black-colored bottom portion  26 A and middle portion  26 C, a light grey-colored striped portion  26 B and rear portion  26 D, and a dark grey-colored ankle portion  26 E.  FIG. 3C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  21  shown in  FIG. 3A  and the innerliner  26  shown in  FIG. 3B . The combination of the innerliner  26  and the footwear  21  results in a combined appearance in which the black-colored bottom portion  26 A and middle portion  26 C and the light grey-colored rear portion  26 D are visible through the SDA  24  in the footwear  21  and the light grey-colored striped portion  26 B is visible through the striped SDA  24  on the top and sides of the footwear  21 , as shown in  FIG. 3C . The footwear  21  of  FIG. 3A  is nearly the same as the footwear  1  of  FIG. 1A , except for the stripe, which creates an additional viewing area  24  and thus a whole new set of potential combined appearances. 
         [0111]    As described above, a specifically designed innerliner can contribute to a consumer desirable appearance by displaying various appearances through the SDA. Further development of the capabilities of this footwear system are demonstrated through the combination of innerliners with widely varied appearances, such as those containing information and indicia relating to a particular sports player, and footwear with a SDA designed to display the innerliners. For example,  FIG. 4A  illustrates a fourth embodiment of footwear  31  of the present invention having a sole  32  and an upper  33 . The footwear  31  includes several SDAs  34  located on the sides and top of the upper  33 .  FIG. 4B  illustrates an embodiment of an innerliner  36  with a design that includes information about a particular sports player. In this embodiment, the design includes a picture  36 A of the sports player, the sports player&#39;s team colors  36 B, the sports player&#39;s team name  36 C (Bulls), and the sports player&#39;s name (Michael Jordan) and jersey number (#23)  36 D. The ankle portion  36 E of the innerliner  36  is white and looks similar to an ankle portion of a typical sock. 
         [0112]      FIG. 4C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  31  shown in  FIG. 4A  and the innerliner  36  shown in  FIG. 4B . The combination of the innerliner  36  and the footwear  31  results in a combined appearance in which the sports player&#39;s name and number, the sports player&#39;s team name and team colors, and the picture of the sports player on the innerliner  36  are visible through the SDA  34 , as shown in  FIG. 4C . According to this embodiment of the present invention, other innerliners can be produced with a similar design but with information specific to other sports players so that the user of the footwear  31  shown in  FIG. 4A  can interchange the innerliners of the various sports players with the same pair of footwear  31 . 
         [0113]    Thus, the innerliners of the present invention can be used to change the appearance of a user&#39;s footwear so that the user has the ability to easily, rapidly and effectively change the appearance of their footwear. It is possible to create many user desirable combinations of footwear with SDA and innerliners, such that this invention provides a huge breadth of potential footwear model designs, as well as huge depth of innerliner designs that can complement a single pair of footwear with a SDA. 
       Design Interaction 
       [0114]    Specific pre-determined areas of the innerliners can be displayed through specific pre-determined areas of the footwear based on the coordination of one or more of the following characteristics: the size and shape of the footwear; the layout of the SDA on the footwear; the layout, size and shape of the innerliners; the expansion and contraction characteristics of the innerliners, footwear, and SDA; and foot dimensions. The innerliners and the locations of the SDA on the footwear can be coordinated by their axes, e.g., horizontally, vertically, to facilitate an effective display of the innerliner. Furthermore, a margin of error can be built into the footwear system to account for small differences in foot size, as well as small variations in the positioning of the innerliner on the foot and within the footwear. 
         [0115]      FIG. 5A  illustrates a fifth embodiment of footwear  41  of the present invention having a sole  42  and an upper  43 . The footwear  41  includes SDA  44  located on the side of the upper  43 . The SDA  44  of this embodiment of the present invention are formed in the shape of the word “CRAZY.” 
         [0116]      FIG. 5B  illustrates an embodiment of an innerliner  46  having multiple bands  46 A,  46 B,  46 C,  46 D,  46 E of different colors. The ankle portion  46 F of the innerliner  46  is white and looks similar to an ankle portion of a typical sock. 
         [0117]      FIG. 5C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  41  shown in  FIG. 5A  and the innerliner  46  shown in  FIG. 5B . The combination of the innerliner  46  and the footwear  41  results in a combined appearance in which the multiple colored bands  46 A,  46 B,  46 C,  46 D,  46 E on the innerliner  46  are visible through the SDA  44 , as shown in  FIG. 5C , so that each letter of the word “CRAZY” is shown in a different color according to the color band,  46 A,  46 B,  46 C,  46 D,  46 E on the innerliner  46 , which the letter aligns to. Other innerliners can be produced with a similar design having multiple bands of the same width as the bands of the innerliner  46  shown in  FIG. 5B  but with different appearances so that the user of the footwear  41  shown in  FIG. 5A  can interchange the innerliners with the same pair of footwear  41  to change the combined appearance. In this design, the multiple colored bands  46 A,  46 B,  46 C,  46 D,  46 E are designed so that they are positioned on the innerliner  46  corresponding to predetermined positions along the length of the foot thus aligning with the letters of the SDA  44  that are formed as the word “CRAZY.” 
         [0118]    Additionally, other footwear can be produced with SDAs in the form of words, numbers objects, symbols, indicia that match up accordingly with some or all of the colored bands  46 A,  46 B,  46 C,  46 D,  46 E of the innerliner  46  shown in  FIG. 5A . 
         [0119]      FIG. 5D  illustrates footwear  45  of the present invention having a sole  47  and an upper  48 . The footwear  45  includes SDAs  49  located on the side of the upper  48 . The SDAs  49  of this embodiment of the present invention are formed in the shape of the word “JOHN” so that four of the colored segments  46 A,  46 B,  46 C,  46 D on the innerliner  46  align with the four letters of the SDA  49 : J, O, H, and N, respectively. Thus, a single innerliner can be designed to provide a consumer desirable combined appearance with multiple lines of footwear, and multiple lines of footwear can be designed to each provide a different consumer desirable combined appearance in conjunction with a single design of the innerliner. 
         [0120]    The SDA on the footwear can cover a small area, a medium-sized area, or almost the entire upper of the footwear. The innerliners can incorporate visual attributes that cover a small area, a medium-sized area, or the entire area of the innerliner. 
         [0121]      FIG. 6A  illustrates a sixth embodiment of footwear  51  of the present invention having a sole  52  and an upper  53 . The footwear  51  includes a single SDA  54  that covers a small portion of the upper  53 . In this embodiment of the invention, the non-SDA portions of the footwear  51  occupy more area on the upper  53  than the SDA  54 . 
         [0122]      FIG. 6B  illustrates an embodiment of an innerliner  56  with a single attribute. In this embodiment, the design of the innerliner  56  includes a small design  56 A, e.g., the logo “GB.” 
         [0123]      FIG. 6C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  51  shown in  FIG. 6A  and the innerliner  56  shown in  FIG. 6B . The combination of the innerliner  56  and the footwear  51  results in a combined appearance that includes the letters “GB”  56 A on the innerliner  56  being visible through the single SDA  54 , as shown in  FIG. 6C . The SDA  54  in this embodiment is small and therefore the position of the innerliner in relation to SDA can be very important in achieving the intended combined appearance. 
         [0124]    A specific combined appearance can be created by integrating the layout, materials, and appearance of the innerliners; the layout, materials, and appearance of the SDA; and the layout, materials, and appearance of the non-SDA portion of the footwear. A large number of combined appearances can be created by coordinating one or more of the above-described characteristics. 
         [0125]    For example, one or more flowers can be designed on the footwear by using SDAs for the petals of the flower and non-SDA portions for other flowers. Various innerliners can be interchanged to alter the appearance, e.g. color of the petals of the SDA flowers on the footwear. The combined appearance integrates the SDA flowers, other SDAs, innerliner, non-SDA flowers and other non-SDA portions of the footwear. 
         [0126]      FIG. 7A  illustrates a seventh embodiment of footwear  61  of the present invention having a sole  62  and an upper  63 . The footwear  61  includes a SDA  64 A that is shaped in the logo of the shoe manufacturer (BG) and another SDA  64 B that is shaped as a flower with petals located on the side of the upper  63 . The footwear  61  also includes designs of flowers  64 C which are not SDA with the color of the petals of the non-SDA flowers not changeable by interchanging the innerliners. 
         [0127]      FIG. 7B  illustrates an innerliner  66  with one colored portion  66 A that is designed to be positioned under the SDA  64 A that is shaped as the logo, another colored portion  66 B that is designed to be positioned under the SDA  64 B shaped as the flower, and a third colored portion  66 D. The third colored portion  66 D wraps around the non-visible side of the innerliner  66  and would be visible through a SDA if there were a SDA aligned with the third colored portion  66 D on the non-visible side of footwear  61 . If there were no SDAs on the non-visible side of footwear  61  that aligns with colored portion  66 D, then colored portion  66 D would not be visible through a SDA on the non-visible side of the footwear  61 . The ankle portion  66 C of the innerliner  66  is white and looks similar to an ankle portion of a typical sock. 
         [0128]      FIG. 7C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  61  shown in  FIG. 7A  and the innerliner  66  shown in  FIG. 7B . The combination of the innerliner  66  and the footwear  61  result in a combined appearance in which the color of the colored portion  66 B on the innerliner  66  positioned below the flower-shaped SDA  64 B is visible through the flower-shaped SDA  64 B, as shown in  FIG. 7C . This combination also shows the logo-shaped SDA  64 A having the color printed on the colored portion  66 A of the innerliner  66  positioned below the logo-shaped SDA  64 A. Thus, this footwear  61  can be worn with colored innerliners  66  to provide a combined appearance that includes a flower on the footwear  61  with colored petals depending on the innerliners  66  chosen by the user. Colored portion  66 D of the innerliner  66  is not visible from the perspective provided. 
         [0129]    Furthermore, it is also possible for a single pair of innerliners to provide two combined appearances for a single pair of footwear based on the appearance of each side of the innerliner, the layout/existence of SDAs on each side of the footwear, and which foot of the footwear, i.e., left or right, the innerliner is placed. 
         [0130]      FIG. 7D  illustrates an innerliner  67  with one colored portion  67 A that is designed to be positioned under the SDA  64 A shaped as the logo, another colored portion  67 D that is designed to be positioned under the SDA  64 B shaped as the flower and a third colored portion  67 B. The colored portion  67 B wraps around the non-visible side of the innerliner and would be visible through an SDA, if there were an SDA aligned with the colored portion  67 B on the non-visible side of footwear  61 . If there were no SDA on the non-visible side of footwear  61  that aligns with colored portion  67 B, then colored portion  67 B would not be visible. The ankle portion  67 C of the innerliner  67  is white and looks similar to an ankle portion of a typical sock. It is to be understood that innerliner  67  represents the inverse of innerliner  66  and that innerliners  66  and  67  could represent a pair of innerliners that are worn together. 
         [0131]      FIG. 7E  illustrates the combination of the footwear  61  shown in  FIG. 7A  and the innerliner  67  shown in  FIG. 7D . The combination of the innerliner  67  and the footwear  61  results in a combined appearance in which the colored portion  67 D on the innerliner  67  positioned below the flower-shaped SDA  64 B is visible through the flower-shaped SDA  64 B, as shown in  FIG. 7E . This combination also shows the logo-shaped SDA  64 A having the color printed on the colored portion  67 A of the innerliner  67  positioned below the logo-shaped SDA  64 A. Colored portion  67 B of the innerliner  67  is not visible from the perspective provided. 
         [0132]    Thus, with the footwear  61  and the pair of innerliners  66  and  67 , the user has the capability to produce two combined appearances from just one pair of innerliners  66  and  67  by switching the foot on which the innerliner  66  or  67  is used with the footwear  61 , i.e., from left to right, and vice versa. 
         [0133]    For example, if footwear  61  shown in  FIG. 7A  is the right shoe of a pair of footwear, and a user places innerliner  66  on his right foot and then puts his innerliner-covered foot into footwear  61 , it would produce one combined appearance. If the user then removes his innerliner-covered foot from footwear  61 , removes innerliner  66  from his right foot, places innerliner  67  on his right foot, and then replaces his innerliner-covered foot into footwear  61 , it would produce a second combined appearance. It is to be understood in this example that the left shoe (not shown), would form a pair of footwear, in combination with footwear  61  shown in  FIG. 7A . When a foot covered with innerliner  66  is placed in the right shoe  61 , then innerliner  67  could be worn on the left foot and thus create a combined appearance with the left shoe. This left shoe may have the same, the inverse, or a different layout of SDA, as well as having the same or different type and/or design SDA, as compared to footwear  61 . Thus, a pair of innerliners may produce the same, the inverse, or a different combined appearance with each shoe of the footwear and the same, the inverse, or a different combined appearance for the right shoe as compared to the left shoe of a pair of footwear. 
         [0134]    Thus, it is possible for a single pair of innerliners to create two combined appearances for each shoe in a pair of footwear with SDAs. Additional methods for multiplying the combined appearances possible with a single pair of innerliners include turning the innerliner inside out (reversing) or rotating the innerliner on the foot. Reversible innerliners can be designed to provide a different combined appearance by turning the innerliner inside out. The reversible innerliners include an inner or inside surface and an outer or outside surface. Thus, a user changes the combined appearance of the footwear by removing their footwear, turning the innerliners inside out, such that area formally facing the foot is now facing outward toward the footwear and display areas, and then replacing the innerliner covered feet into the footwear. 
         [0135]    Another embodiment involves the innerliners being adapted to provide a different combined appearance by rotating the innerliner on the foot. Users can change the combined appearance of the footwear by removing the footwear, turning the innerliners, e.g. 90 or 180 degrees and replacing them in the footwear. Each of these components of the innerliner system multiply the number of potential combined appearances that are possible from one pair of innerliners and provide the user with the ability to alter the appearance of their footwear when an additional pair of innerliners is not readily available, such as when traveling from a work setting to a more casual atmosphere. 
         [0000]    SDA Effect/Interaction with Innerliner 
         [0136]    A large number of different optical and visual effects and/or appearances can be created by coordinating the appearance, design and materials of the SDA and the appearance, design and materials of the innerliners. The SDA of the present invention can display, interact with and/or affect the appearance of the innerliners. 
         [0137]    Significant improvements in the quality of the combined appearance resulting from the combination of the innerliner and the SDA, as well as increased design options can be achieved by incorporating various materials, structures and designs into the SDA, such that rather than just displaying the innerliner, the SDA interacts with and/or affects the appearance of the innerliner, thus impacting the result of the combination of the innerliner and SDA. One method to accomplish such an effect is to include a semitransparent color tinted material in the SDA, such as the tinted acrylic sold by A&amp;C Plastics, Inc., or tinted polyvinyl chloride sold by Wiman Corp. For example, if a yellow SDA covers a green portion of the innerliner it would create a blue appearance when viewed from outside of the footwear. 
         [0138]      FIGS. 8A-8G  illustrate combinations of footwear and innerliners of the present invention in which the color of the innerliner appears to change to a different color when viewed through a colored SDA. The color of the innerliner, the SDA (if applicable), and the color appearing through the SDA as it overlaps the innerliner are indicated on the figures ( FIGS. 8A-8G ) and described below. 
         [0139]      FIG. 8A  illustrates an eighth embodiment of footwear  71  of the present invention having a sole  72  and an upper  73 . The footwear  71  includes several colorless SDAs  74  located at various positions on the upper  73  and multiple yellow SDAs  74 A that are shaped as stripes on the top, sides, and rear of the footwear  71 . In this illustration of the invention, most of the non-SDA portions of the footwear  71  are black. 
         [0140]      FIG. 8B  illustrates an innerliner  76 , which is entirely in white.  FIG. 8C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  71  shown in  FIG. 8A  and the innerliner  76  shown in  FIG. 8B . The combination of the innerliner  76  and the footwear  71  results in a combined appearance that includes a yellow stripes when the yellow SDAs  74 A on the top and sides of the footwear  71  display the white innerliner  76 , as shown in  FIG. 8C . The areas where the transparent SDAs  74  cover the white innerliner  76  appear white. 
         [0141]      FIG. 8D  illustrates another version of an innerliner  77  of the eighth embodiment of the present invention which has a red bottom portion  77 A and a white ankle portion  77 B.  FIG. 8E  illustrates the combination of the footwear  71  shown in  FIG. 8A  and the innerliner  77  shown in  FIG. 8D . The combination of the innerliner  77  and the footwear  71  results in a combined appearance that includes orange stripes when the yellow SDAs  74 A on the top and sides of the footwear  71  display the red bottom portion  77 A of the innerliner  77 , as shown in  FIG. 8E . The areas where the transparent SDAs  74  display the red bottom portion  77 A of innerliner  77  appear red. 
         [0142]      FIG. 8F  illustrates an innerliner  78 , which has a blue bottom portion  78 A and a white ankle portion  78 B.  FIG. 8G  illustrates the combination of the footwear  71  shown in  FIG. 8A  and the innerliner  78  shown in  FIG. 8F . The combination of the innerliner  78  and the footwear  71  results in a combined appearance that includes green stripes when the yellow SDAs  74 A on the top and sides of the footwear  71  display the blue bottom portion  78 A of the innerliner  78 , as shown in  FIG. 8G . The areas where the transparent SDAs  74  display the blue bottom portion  78 A of the innerliner  78  appear blue. 
         [0143]    Another effect is provided through the interaction of the innerliner and SDA which occurs when the appearance of the innerliner emanates from within the SDA or the outside surface of the SDA. Through this interaction, the SDA can take on some of the user desirable attributes of the innerliner. This optical effect occurs by using various optical devices and materials in the SDA including e.g. a lens that bends light, a prism that breaks light apart, and mirrors that reflect or redirect light. Optical effects identified that create emanation include reflection, refraction, suffusion, diffusion, diffraction, deflection and dispersion. These optical effects can be created in various ways. One example is to align double sided mirrors at  45  degree angles, overlapping by half their length. Again the light appears to originate from the location from which its direction was last changed, thus the appearance, e.g. color of the innerliner would emanate or appear to originate from the SDA. Another method for achieving these effects includes putting a finish, e.g. matte, microsheen, taffeta or suede on a transparent material, such that the finish deflects, redirects or diffuses a portion of the light from the innerliner back to the observer&#39;s eye. A third method for achieving this effect is to include small lenses within a transparent material, such that the lenses redirect, concentrate and dissipate the light, such that the light appears to originate from the location from which its direction was changed, rather than the innerliner from which it was reflected. The emanation effect can be enhanced by incorporating various materials into the SDA and innerliner and/or coordinating the materials of the SDA with the materials of the innerliners. Effective innerliner materials include materials that are reflective, such as 3M™ Scotchlite™ or materials that have are fine threads, thus minimizing the space between the SDA and innerliner. 
         [0144]    The spatial relationship of the innerliner and SDA is important, because space between the innerliner and SDA can cause some light to bounce off the inside surface of the SDA, thus preventing it from being transmitted to an observer&#39;s eye, and limiting or eliminating the ability to create emanation. The SDA is also important since the finish on the inner facing side has limited reflective qualities, that the material be supple enough to conform to the foot and innerliner and that the SDA material and structure results in the desired optical effect in coordination with the innerliner material. 
         [0145]      FIG. 9A  illustrates a ninth embodiment of footwear  81  of the present invention having a sole  82  and an upper  83 . The footwear  81  includes a SDA  84  that incorporates light diffusing materials, such as LEXAN, Mylar, DynaGlas Plus LDT, Bayer&#39;s Makrolon® or De-lite specialized coatings, located on the side of the upper  83 . 
         [0146]      FIG. 9B  illustrates an innerliner  86  with an area positioned under the SDA  84  on the side of the footwear  81  that includes an area  86 A of flat color, e.g., yellow.  FIG. 9C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  81  shown in  FIG. 9A  and the innerliner  86  shown in  FIG. 9B . The combination of the innerliner  86  and the footwear  81  results in a combined appearance that includes the innerliner  86  positioned under the SDA  84  so that light is diffused by the SDA  84 , some light is reflected off colored area  86 A and is again diffused by the SDA  84  before exiting the SDA  84 . The effect of the diffusion is that some of the colors of light that are not absorbed by the colored area  86 A emanate from within or from the surface of the SDA  84  and not from the innerliner underneath the SDA  84 . This effect is consumer desirable as it provides many additional combined appearances, and it allows for the use of an innerliner to alter the appearance of footwear with an SDA in a manner such that through the observation of the end result, one may not be able to tell that an innerliner is used to contribute to the appearance of the footwear and instead provides the impression of a seamless unit. 
         [0147]    As stated above, various materials, structures, and techniques can be used to accomplish the effect of having the appearance, e.g., color, of the innerliner emanate from within or from the exterior surface of the SDA, versus when the SDA simply displays the innerliner. A technique utilizing reflection via mirrors to accomplish this emanation effect is shown in  FIG. 10A .  FIG. 10A  illustrates a sectional view of the combination of a SDA  93  of footwear overlying an innerliner  96  according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. The SDA  93  includes an interior surface  94 A that is positioned flush against the exterior surface of the innerliner  96  and an exterior surface  94 B. Double-sided mirrors  95  are each positioned at 45° angles with respect to the interior and exterior surfaces  94 A and  94 B of the SDA  93 . The double-sided mirrors  95  are lined up so that the bottom of each mirror aligns vertically with the top of the next mirror. External light  97  can be reflected off and between the mirrors  95  to the outer surface of the innerliner  96  or the external light  97  can reach the innerliner  96  directly (not shown). Light  99  that is not absorbed by the innerliner  96  is then mostly reflected back to and between the mirrors  95  before exiting the SDA  93 . Thus, since a majority of the reflected light  99  that exits from the SDA  93  reflects off the innerliner  96  and off at least one mirror  95 , a majority of the light and, thus the reflected visual attributes of the innerliner  96 , emanate from the mirrors  95  within the SDA  93 . A majority of the visible attributes of the innerliner  96 , e.g. color, emanate from the SDA  93 . Also, there may be variations in appearance of the combined innerliner and SDA as a result of the 45° angle of the mirrors, the various angles that light enters the SDA, the way the light reflects off of the innerliner and/or the mirrors, and the angle from which the SDA is observed. 
         [0148]    Another technique, utilizing a surface finish to accomplish the emanation effect, is shown in  FIG. 10B . In this example, the left side of the SDA has a surface treatment that results in the deflection or redirection of light traveling in either direction, whereas the right side of the has a surface treatment that results in the diffusion of light as it departs the SDA. A third technique utilizing imbedded lenses to accomplish the effect is shown in  FIG. 10C . In this example light rays traveling through the convex lens causes the light to converge and light traveling through the concave lens is refracted. The resulting appearance includes the magnification or shrinking of certain aspects of the appearance of the innerliner, and that some of the visual attributes of the innerliner would appear to emanate from the SDA. 
         [0149]    Another optical effect of the SDA occurs when the SDA acts as a filter to display hidden attributes on the innerliner. The footwear includes a SDA that includes transparent and semitransparent pigments, often finely ground, such as those sold by Hongment Chemicals Limited, Oxen&#39;s Pearl Lustre Pigments, which absorb certain colors of light, thus changing the colors of light that are available to be reflected off of the innerliner, and thus changing the appearance of the innerliner when it is displayed through the SDA. 
         [0150]      FIG. 11A  illustrates an eleventh embodiment of footwear  101  of the present invention having a sole  102  and an upper  103 . The footwear  101  includes a SDA  104 A located on the side of the upper  103  that is formed in the shape of a face of a children&#39;s television character, e.g., a Teletubby, and a color-filtering SDA  104 B that is impregnated with transparent or semitransparent pigments, which act to absorb and thus filter out various colors of light. The SDA  104 A is formed as a three-dimensional Teletubby whose surface is textured to enhance its appearance. In this example, the SDA  104 A provides both the shape and the texture of an image whereas the innerliner only provides the color. SDA  104 B illustrates the potential of the SDA to filter certain colors of light, to modify the appearance of the innerliner, and to display otherwise hidden or unapparent aspects of the innerliner. If, for example, a green display or design on an innerliner were interspersed with indigo and violet colored fibers or dye, the colors indigo and violet would act to obscure the clarity of the green display or design. When the innerliner was placed behind a SDA impregnated with transparent or semitransparent pigments that absorb indigo and violet, the green display or design would become more apparent when the innerliner is viewed through the SDA. In this embodiment of the present invention, the color-filtering SDA  104 B is positioned above the SDA  104 A of the character&#39;s face on the side of the upper  103 . The upper  103  also includes other SDAs  104 C on the sides of the footwear  101 . The SDAs  104 A,  104 B,  104 C can be in a consumer desirable shape, and be raised, recessed, and/or textured with respect to the non-SDA portions of the footwear  101 . 
         [0151]      FIG. 11B  illustrates an embodiment of an innerliner  106  with a first portion  106 A for positioning under the SDA  104 A shaped as the face of the Teletubby, a second portion  106 B for positioning under the color-filterings SDA  104 B, and portions  106 C,  106 D for positioning under the other SDAs  104 C on the sides of the footwear  101 . The ankle portion  106 E of the innerliner  106  is white, similar to an ankle portion of a typical sock. For children&#39;s television characters such as Teletubbies that are identified by their color, different innerliners  106  can be provided by varying the color of the various portions  106 A,  106 B,  106 C,  106 D of the innerliner  106  based on the colors of the particular Teletubby. Furthermore, the color-filtering SDA  104 B modifies and displays the appearance of the colors visible through the SDA  104 A when the innerliner is positioned under the color-filtering SDA  104 B. In this example, the SDA  104 B and the innerliner  106  interact to show the identifying mark (i.e., circle  108  in  FIG. 11C ) of the particular Teletubby. 
         [0152]      FIG. 11C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  101  shown in  FIG. 11A  and the innerliner  106  shown in  FIG. 11B . The combination of the innerliner  106  and the footwear  101  results in a combined appearance that includes a particular Teletubby with its individual color, as shown in  FIG. 11C . The color-filtering SDA  104 B in this particular case displays a circle  108 . Thus, in this embodiment, the Teletubby shown on the footwear  101  is identified by the colors shown through the SDA  104 A and by the circle  108  that is shown through the color-filtering SDA  104 B since the portion  106 B of the innerliner  106  underlying the color-filtering SDA  104 B includes transparent pigments that absorb the colors that would otherwise obscure the clarity of the circle design. The other SDA  104 C also displays the same color of the Teletubby that is shown using the SDA  104 A that is shaped as the face of the Teletubby or they can show other colors or appearances. 
         [0153]    Thus, the SDA can be used as a filter to display hidden attributes of the innerliners, e.g., a color or design that can be used to identify a children&#39;s television character, and/or by altering the apparent color or appearance of the innerliner. 
         [0154]    Another example of an optical effect provided by the SDA occurs when the SDA magnifies the attributes of the innerliners. Small attributes of an innerliner can be enlarged or emphasized by displaying the attributes on the innerliner through a SDA that is or contains properly shaped lenses. 
         [0155]      FIG. 12A  illustrates a twelfth embodiment of footwear  111  of the present invention having a sole  112  and an upper  113 . The footwear  111  includes a magnifying SDA  114  located on the side of the upper  113 . The magnifying SDA  114  is or contains a properly shaped magnifying lens.  FIG. 12B  illustrates an embodiment of an innerliner  116  with a portion  116 A positioned under the SDA  114  on the side of the footwear  111  that includes a small image of a car. 
         [0156]      FIG. 12C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  111  shown in  FIG. 12A  and the innerliner  116  shown in  FIG. 12B . The combination of the innerliner  116  and the footwear  111  results in a combined appearance in which the portion  116 A of the innerliner  116  positioned under the SDA  114  so that the small image of the car is magnified through the magnifying SDA  114  to produce an enlarged image of the car. 
         [0157]    Another example of an optical effect that can be created through the interaction of the SDA and innerliner is to provide a three-dimensional appearance when the innerliner is displayed through the SDA. Methods for achieving the appearance of three dimensions may include: incorporating three dimensional objects on the innerliner or into the SDA; the use of position, color, shadowing, patterns, to provide the illusion of depth; incorporating materials into the SDA that reflect, refract, diffuse, suffuse, disperse or magnify light, such that when the innerliner is displayed through the SDA, the combination either appears to have or does have three dimensions. 
         [0158]    The three-dimensional effect described above does not refer to the result of putting an innerliner behind a SDA, such that when the combination is observed, the difference in the depth of the innerliner in relation to the SDA provides the appearance of depth. Rather, the three-dimensional effect described results from the interaction of the innerliner and the SDA, e.g., a red innerliner used in combination with a SDA that has a heart formed of light-diffusing material located within an otherwise transparent SDA, would result in the appearance of a red background, with a red heart that appears to emanate from within the SDA. The three-dimensional effect described above can result from an attribute of the innerliner appearing as if it emanates from the SDA, from attributes of the innerliner emanating from differing depths within the SDA, from the SDA enhancing an innerliner that has or appears to have three dimensions or an innerliner enhancing an SDA that has or appears to have three dimensions. 
         [0159]    The present invention also provides a vehicle for displaying the advertisements of multiple companies. Multiple innerliners with different advertisements can be interchanged with a single pair of footwear. 
         [0160]      FIG. 13A  illustrates a thirteenth embodiment of footwear  121  of the present invention having a sole  122  and an upper  123 . The footwear  121  includes SDAs  124 A,  124 B,  124 C located on the sides and top of the upper  123 .  FIG. 13B  illustrates an innerliner  126  with a two-dimensional design showing a beverage can  126 A and other various information such as a slogan  126 B (“It gives you wings”) and a name of the product  126 C (Red Bull). The ankle portion  126 D of the innerliner  126  is white, similar to an ankle portion of a typical sock. 
         [0161]    The SDA  124 A located at the front of the footwear  121  is made of a material or materials that give the two-dimensional design on the innerliner  126  underlying the SDA  124 A, e.g., the beverage can  126 A, the appearance of being three dimensional. To create this three-dimensional appearance, the SDA  124 A uses a combination of line positioning, coloring, and shadowing of the image of the beverage can  126 A on the innerliner  126  and also includes light suffusing materials at differing depths within the SDA  124 A. 
         [0162]      FIG. 13C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  121  shown in  FIG. 13A  and the innerliner  126  shown in  FIG. 13B . The combination of the innerliner  126  and the footwear  121  results in a combined appearance in which the two-dimensional design of the beverage can  126 A on the innerliner  126  is displayed as a three-dimensional image using the SDA  124 A located at the top of the upper  123 , as shown in  FIG. 13C . 
         [0163]    The various pieces of information  126 B,  126 C printed on the side of the innerliner  126  are displayed through the other SDAs  124 B,  124 C. Thus, the footwear and SDAs may utilize a “generic” design that is adapted to endorse a large array of products by producing different innerliners. The SDAs can display the product name, a slogan, and/or other product information. 
         [0164]    Another example of an optical effect occurs when the SDA allows varying degrees of light to be transmitted, e.g., from transparent to translucent, across its area. The SDA can cover a solid-colored portion of the innerliner to create a fading appearance when viewing the SDA from outside of the footwear. 
         [0165]      FIG. 14A  illustrates a fourteenth embodiment of footwear  131  of the present invention having a sole  132  and an upper  133 . The footwear  131  includes SDAs  134  and  135 , located on the top and sides of the upper  133 . SDA  134  is located at the top of the toe of the footwear  131  contains non-transparent sparkles. SDA  135  is located on the side of the footwear  131  and has three sections  135 A,  135 B, and  135 C which transmit different amounts of light. SDA section  135 A is transparent. SDA section  135 C is translucent and transmits less light than SDA section  135 A and SDA section  135 B. SDA  135 B transmits an intermediate degree of light, which is less than the amount transmitted by transparent SDA section  135 A and more than the amount transmitted by translucent SDA section  135 C. The SDA sections  135 A,  135 B, and  135 C are positioned adjacent to each other to form a single continuous SDA with one end (SDA section  135 A) that is transparent and the opposite end (SDA section  135 C) that is translucent. Thus, the SDA sections  135 A,  135 B, and  135 C are formed such that SDA  135  ranges from transparent to translucent and transmits varying degrees of light.  FIG. 14B  illustrates an innerliner  136  of a single solid color with a design  136 A, e.g., a smiley face, on top of the toe of the innerliner  136 . 
         [0166]      FIG. 14C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  131  shown in  FIG. 14A  and the innerliner  136  shown in  FIG. 14B . The combination of the innerliner  136  and the footwear  131  results in a combined appearance, which includes a SDA  135  on the side of the footwear  131 , which varies in appearance across its body even though the innerliner  136  positioned underneath the SDA  135  is one solid color. This is due to the varying light transmitting characteristics of SDA sections  135 A,  135 B, and  135 C. 
         [0167]    This embodiment also illustrates the ability of the innerliner and SDA to interact through non-optical techniques.  FIG. 14B  illustrates an innerliner  136  of a single solid color with a design  136 A, e.g., a smiley face, on top of the toe of the innerliner  136 . The smiley face  136 A on the innerliner  136  appears “sparkly” due to the non-transparent sparkles in SDA  134 . Thus, the SDA of the present invention can interact with the appearance of an innerliner without requiring the modification of light that reaches the innerliner by providing a SDA that is formed in a particular shape and that includes non-transparent indicia or other features, such as sparkles. Thus, the sparkly SDA  134  shown in  FIGS. 14A and 14C  is one of several ways that a SDA can interact with the appearance of an innerliner in a non-optical technique. The modification of light may change the amount of light that is transmitted through the SDA, but the SDA is not affecting the design, color, or other characteristics of the innerliner. 
         [0168]    Additional visual effects are created through the interaction of the innerliner and the SDA by using various materials whose appearance varies based upon various environmental and mechanical interactions. Examples of these materials and interactions include innerliners and/or SDA that include: glow-in-the-dark materials, such as the aluminate phosphors sold by Artemis US; photochromic materials, which change color due to variations in their exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, such as Plastisol Light Sensitive Ink; thermochromic materials which change color in response to temperature fluctuations, such as thermochromic materials made by Detco Enterprise and Matsui; hydrochromic materials, which change in response to water; materials that use electricity, such as electrochromic materials that change color due to the external stimuli of electrical energy, e.g., neon; a motorized photo sensitive Polaroid filter; and LED lights which illuminate the innerliner and the SDA itself. Magnets or static electricity focusing materials can be used to create designs on the innerliners that are replicated when the innerliner is placed next to a fluid-filled SDA that contains free-floating colored particles which contain ferromagnetic materials. 
         [0169]      FIG. 15A  illustrates a fifteenth embodiment of footwear  141  of the present invention having a sole  142  and an upper  143 . The footwear  141  includes a fluid-filled SDA  144  located on the side of the upper  143 . The fluid-filled SDA  144  also contains non-transparent particles  144 A that include ferromagnetic materials which move freely in the fluid inside the SDA  144 . In this embodiment of the invention, the ferromagnetic materials  144 A are colored white. 
         [0170]      FIG. 15B  illustrates an innerliner  146  with designs  146 A, e.g., a smiley face on top of the toe and a rainbow on the side of the innerliner  146 . The designs  146 A are not intended to be visible through the footwear  141 . The innerliner  146  also includes an area  146 B, which is colored blue, that has magnetic materials  146 C woven into the innerliner  146 . The magnetic materials  146 C are shown in  FIG. 15B  as visible to the user. However, the magnetic materials  146 C can also be incorporated into the innerliner  146  so that they are not visible. In this embodiment of the invention, the magnetic materials  146 C are formed in the shape of a smiley face. 
         [0171]      FIG. 15C  illustrates the combination of the footwear  141  shown in  FIG. 15A  and the innerliner  146  shown in  FIG. 15B , which results in an appearance in which the particles containing ferromagnetic materials  144 A in the SDA  144  are attracted to the magnetic materials  146 C in the blue-colored portion  146 B of the innerliner  146  positioned underneath the SDA  144 . Thus, some of the white particles containing ferromagnetic materials  144 A are held in place by the magnetic field caused by the magnetic materials  146 C formed in the shape of a smiley face in the blue-colored portion  146 B of the innerliner  146  so that a white-colored smiley face appears above a blue background in the SDA  144  on the footwear  141 . The particles containing ferromagnetic materials  144 A that are not held in place by the magnetic field  146 C float freely in the SDA  144 . 
         [0172]    It is thus possible for the SDA and/or innerliner to change appearance based upon environmental and/or mechanical influences. This change in appearance of the SDA and/or innerliner would thus alter the combined appearance that incorporates the result of their interaction with the appearance of the remainder of the footwear. Furthermore, by leveraging the fact that the SDA and/or innerliner can change appearance based on various environmental and mechanical interactions, one can create a multitude of additional combined appearances, and the users influence the combined appearance of their footwear, e.g., by running to facilitate the movement of particles in a fluid-filled SDA or to heat up thermochromic materials. 
       Structure 
       [0173]    This invention includes multiple structural improvements to footwear with an SDA and innerliners, which may be important to the success of the above described footwear system as well as various other applications. Within the footwear system the structural improvements allow for enhanced user comfort, improved performance, precise consumer reproducible combined appearances, and the ability to repeatedly and effectively reproduce the combined appearance over the product&#39;s life. 
         [0174]    The SDA and the innerliners are made from materials designed in various configurations to maximize comfort, durability, dispersion of heat and moisture, especially in the areas of the innerliners that are displayed through the SDA, as well as to help maintain the spatial relationship between the footwear, SDA, and innerliners during normal usage and during their life cycle. The normal usage and life cycle includes the stages of breaking in, stretching, washing, and wearing the footwear system, as well as the effects of heat and moisture. Normal usage and life cycle of the footwear can also include, in some embodiments, the usage of the innerliners without using the footwear. For instance, the innerliners can be made of more durable colorfast materials if the innerliner is subject to repeated washing and non-footwear use. 
         [0175]    The structure, the expansion and contraction properties, and the material degradation characteristics of the innerliners, the footwear, and the SDA are designed to maintain the footwear&#39;s ability to display and enhance the user desirable portions of the innerliners through normal usage and the life cycle of the footwear. 
         [0176]    User comfort can be maintained during the normal usage of the footwear with the SDA and associated innerliner by coordinating one or more of the following characteristics of the innerliners, footwear, and SDA including: their size, shape, dimensions, materials, consistency, flexibility, support properties and characteristics. For example, the materials and design of the innerliners, footwear, and the SDA can be altered to allow the innerliners, footwear, and/or the SDA to maintain suitable temperature and humidity levels throughout the normal usage. Additionally, the incorporation of soft materials such as rubber, neoprene or silicon into the footwear system provides cushioned support therethrough. Suitable temperature and humidity levels can be provided by incorporating and coordinating one or more heat and moisture dispersion characteristics of the innerliners, footwear, and the SDA. 
         [0177]      FIG. 16A  illustrates a sixteenth embodiment of an innerliner  156  of the present invention that is designed to maintain suitable temperature and humidity levels. The innerliner  156  is preferably used with footwear that is also designed to maintain suitable temperature and humidity levels, e.g., an embodiment of footwear  151  shown in  FIG. 16B . An area  156 A of the innerliner  156  is displayed through a SDA  154 . The innerliner  156  includes at least a portion  156 B formed of a wicking material to help draw moisture away from the foot. Examples of materials that wick moisture are DuPont&#39;s CoolMax® polyester, SmartWool™, Merino wool, and Wonder-Wick® polypropylene. The innerliner  156  also includes at least a portion  136 C formed of air channels to help transfer heat away from the foot. 
         [0178]      FIG. 16B  illustrates the combination of the innerliner of  FIG. 16A  and the footwear  151  of the present invention that is designed to maintain suitable temperature and humidity levels within the footwear  151 . The footwear  151  includes a sole  152 , an upper  153 , and the SDA  154  located on the side of the upper  153 . 
         [0179]    At least a portion  155 A of the footwear  151 , e.g., near at least a portion of the SDA  154 , can be made of one of the wicking materials to wick moisture away from the innerliner  156 . The moisture is drawn away the innerliner  156  so that it may evaporate outside of the footwear  151 . In addition, at least a portion of the footwear  151 , e.g., near at least a portion of the SDA  154 , includes holes or breathable materials  155 B located near at least a portion of the SDA  154 . The holes or breathable materials  155 B allow the removal of excess heat that may build up between the innerliner  156  and the footwear  151 . 
         [0180]    Thus, the footwear and the innerliners can be designed to help control the temperature and humidity levels within the footwear, e.g. by using moisture wicking materials and/or incorporating holes or other breathable materials within the footwear and/or the innerliners. 
         [0181]    Many of the design options made possible by this invention require substantial precision in aligning and interrelating the innerliner and the SDA, in order to achieve precise combined appearances that can be readily and easily recreated by the user and maintained during normal usage. Multiple advances are detailed below that allow for increased precision in controlling and maintaining the spatial relationship between the innerliner, footwear, SDA and user&#39;s foot. 
         [0182]    One way of improving the footwear&#39;s ability to display and enhance the user desirable portions of the innerliners is by controlling the spatial relationship of the innerliner, foot, and footwear. Strength bands are incorporated into the footwear and/or the innerliners to help control the spatial relationship of the innerliner, foot, and footwear. The strength bands can be incorporated into the innerliner and/or the footwear that go around conducive areas of the foot such as at the arch or ankle connection, or in conjunction with the lacing system in order to limit the movement between the innerliner and foot and/or between the footwear and the foot, in order to provide additional control over the spatial relationship between the innerliners, the SDA, and the footwear. 
         [0183]      FIG. 17  illustrates a seventeenth embodiment of an innerliner  166  with strength bands  167 A around the arch of the foot and strength bands  167 B around the ankle. The strength bands  167 A,  167 B can be formed using Lycra®, Luzima®, Spandex® or Cordura® nylon reinforcements. 
         [0184]    Another way of maintaining the spatial relationship of the innerliner, foot and footwear is by engineering innerliners and/or footwear that maintain their orientation with respect to the feet and to each other during normal usage of the footwear system. The innerliners are thus engineered to maintain their orientation with respect to the feet by coordinating one or more of the following characteristics: the size and shape of the innerliners, the expansion and contraction properties of the innerliners, the materials of the innerliners, the effects of heat and moisture, other characteristics of the innerliners, and foot dimensions. The footwear is engineered to maintain its orientation with respect to the feet during normal usage of the footwear by coordinating one or more of the following characteristics: the size and shape of the footwear, the expansion and contraction properties of the footwear, the materials of the footwear, the effects of heat and moisture, other characteristics of the innerliners, and foot dimensions. 
         [0185]    The spatial relationship between the innerliner and footwear, and more specifically, the distance between the innerliner and the SDA or the pressure applied by the innerliner on the SDA can be controlled by coordinating one or more of the following characteristics: the size, shape, and layout of the innerliner, footwear, and SDA; the expansion and contraction characteristics of the innerliner, footwear, and SDA; the materials of the innerliner, footwear, and SDA; the effects of heat and moisture; other characteristics of the innerliner, footwear, and SDA; and foot dimensions. 
         [0186]    Additional control of the spatial relationship between the innerliners, the footwear, and SDA can be attained and maintained by the design and coordination of one or more of the following: the materials and attributes on the exterior of the innerliners and on the interior of the SDA and remaining footwear. Examples of materials in the innerliners, the SDA, and the footwear that can enable additional control of the spatial relationship between the innerliners and the SDA include Velcro®, rubber, magnets, silicone and Teflon®. Attributes of the innerliners, the SDA, and the footwear that can enable additional control of the spatial relationship between the innerliners, the footwear, and the SDA include materials that adhere to each other; form fitting materials that fit snugly around the foot or within the footwear; rough surfaces that limit movement due to friction; smooth areas that facilitate movement in certain areas; an airtight concave area that limits movement through use of a vacuum effect; and areas which are electrically charged (e.g., with static electricity) and that limit movement by leveraging opposite attractive electrical forces. 
         [0187]    Furthermore, topography can be use on innerliners and the interior of the SDA and the non-SDA portions of the footwear in order to manage the alignment of the innerliner, footwear and SDA. For example the system can be can be designed and coordinated so that the inner topography of the footwear can be engineered to “fit together”, or interlock with the outer topography of the innerliners. Thus, portions of the innerliners&#39; outer topography can be inversely engineered with respect to the inner topography of the footwear and the SDA. The innerliners can be held in place within the footwear because their topography fits together developing interrelational strength, which allows for additional control of the spatial relationship between the innerliners, the SDA, and the footwear. 
         [0188]      FIGS. 18A-18C  illustrate an example of an innerliner and footwear which are designed and engineered so that the outer topography of the innerliner is inversely engineered with respect to the inner topography of the footwear and the SDA. 
         [0189]      FIG. 18A  illustrates a cross section of an embodiment of footwear  171  of the present invention having a sole  172  and an upper  173 . The footwear  171  includes a SDA  174  located on a side of the upper  173  and a positioning groove  175  located on the side of the footwear  171  opposite to the SDA  174 . The SDA  174  and the positioning groove  175  are positioned so that they provide respective indentations in the interior surfaces of the sides of the upper  173  of the footwear  171 . 
         [0190]      FIG. 18B  illustrates a cross section of an embodiment of an innerliner  176  with first and second protruding portions  176 A,  176 B positioned on the innerliner  176  that protrude outward from the exterior surface of the innerliner  176 . The protruding portions  176 A,  176 B are received, respectively, by the indentations formed by the SDA  174  and the positioning groove  175  on the opposite sides of the footwear  171  when the innerliner  176  is placed inside the footwear  171 . 
         [0191]      FIG. 18C  illustrates a cross section of the combination of the footwear  171  shown in  FIG. 18A  and the innerliner  176  shown in  FIG. 18B . When the innerliner  176  is properly placed inside the footwear  171 , the indentation formed by the SDA  174  receives the first protruding portion  176 A on the innerliner  176 , and the indentation formed by the positioning groove  175  on the opposite side of the footwear  171  receives the second protruding portion  176 B on the innerliner  176 . Thus, the innerliner  176  interlocks with the footwear  171 .  FIG. 18C  also shows that the innerliner  176 , footwear  171  and SDA  174  can be designed to leave a space between the SDA  174  and the innerliner  176 A. Alternatively, the SDA  174  and the first protruding portion  174  may be sized in order to prevent the existence of a space between the innerliner and SDA. 
         [0192]      FIGS. 19A-19C  illustrate another way in which the interior topography of the footwear can be formed to interlock with the exterior topography of the innerliner.  FIG. 19A  illustrates a cross section of an embodiment of footwear  181  of the present invention having a sole  182  and an upper  183 . The footwear  181  includes a SDA  184  located on a side of the upper  183  and a positioning protrusion  185  located on the side of the footwear  181  opposite to the SDA  184 . The interior surface of the SDA  184  is positioned flush with the interior surface of the non-SDA portions of the upper  183  of the footwear  181 . The protruding portion  185  in the footwear  181  is positioned so that it protrudes into the interior of the upper  183  of the footwear  181 . Thus, the footwear  181  shown in  FIG. 19A  has a different interior topography than the footwear  171  shown in  FIG. 18A . 
         [0193]    Also, the innerliner  186  shown in  FIG. 19B  has a different exterior topography than the innerliner  176  shown in  FIG. 18B .  FIG. 19B  illustrates a cross section of an embodiment of an innerliner  186  with a positioning groove  186 A formed as an indentation on the exterior surface of the innerliner  186 . The positioning groove  186 A is positioned under the protruding portion  185  on the side of the footwear  181  opposite the SDA  184  when the innerliner  186  is placed inside the footwear  181 . 
         [0194]      FIG. 19C  illustrates a cross section of the combination of the footwear  181  shown in  FIG. 19A  and the innerliner  186  shown in  FIG. 19B . When the innerliner  186  is properly placed inside the footwear  181 , the indentation formed in the innerliner  186  receives the protruding portion  185  on the interior surface of the footwear  181 . Thus, the innerliner  186  can form interrelational strength with footwear  181  because its topography fits together with the footwear  181 . Due to this interrelation strength, a specific portion of the innerliner  186  displays through the SDA  184 . Furthermore, since the interior surface of the SDA  184  is positioned flush with the interior surface of the non-SDA portions of the footwear  181 , the SDA  184  is positioned flush against the exterior surface of the innerliner  186 , thus limiting any space in between the innerliner and the SDA. 
         [0195]    While this example illustrates interlocking topography, it should be understood that topography can be used of any individuals or group of elements, in any configuration or structure, in order to manage the spatial relationship between the innerliner, foot, and footwear, and aligning the innerliner sections intended for the display with SDA. The spatial relationship of the innerliners and the SDA can be maintained over the life cycles of the footwear and innerliners by also coordinating one or more of the aging and wear characteristics of the materials and structures of the innerliners, footwear, and the SDA. 
         [0196]    Another way of managing the spatial relationship between the innerliner, foot, and footwear, and aligning the innerliner sections intended for the display with SDA, is to engineer the display section of the innerliner to have some freedom of movement with respect to the rest of the innerliner. For example by attaching a display section to an innerliner with an elastic material, the display section would have an increased degree of movement. Thus, it could maintain its alignment with the SDA even if the innerliner moved within the footwear and thus could compensate for normal sizing variances, stretching and movement during usage of the footwear system. This embodiment of the present invention, combined with topography described above allows for the very precise management of the spatial relationship between the innerliner and SDA. 
         [0197]    The spatial relationship between the SDA and the innerliner can also affect the result of the combination of the innerliner and the SDA. For example, the appearance of the combined innerliner and the SDA may vary based on whether the exterior surface of the innerliner is in contact with the interior surface of the SDA or if there is a space between them. The appearance of the combined innerliner and the SDA may also vary based on the amount of pressure with which the exterior surface of the innerliner contacts the interior surface of the SDA. Moreover, the appearance of the combined innerliner and the SDA may vary where only portions of the exterior surface of the innerliner contacts the interior surface of the SDA. Lastly, the appearance of the combined innerliner and the SDA may vary where the relationship between the exterior surface of the innerliner and the interior surface of the SDA changes during usage. The change in the relationship between the exterior surface of the innerliner and the interior surface of the SDA is in the form of the distance between them, the pressure with which they contact, the alignment between them, or any combination of the aforementioned. 
         [0198]    Examples of ways to create this optical and visual effects might include: changing the innerliner&#39;s distance from a SDA that has magnifying properties; utilizing piezochromic materials, which change color in response to pressure; including a foil-like material on the innerliner that changes shape and appearance when it contacts the denser surface of the SDA; and using an innerliner having varied topography across the area underlying the SDA, thereby creating ridges and valleys which present a varied appearance when relatively motionless. This appearance changes based upon lateral movement of the innerliner in relation to the SDA. 
         [0199]      FIGS. 20A and 20B  illustrate an embodiment of the present invention in which an innerliner has a varied topography across the area underlying the SDA. This type of innerliner creates different appearances for the footwear depending on the position of the innerliner. For instance, different appearances are created when the innerliner is relatively motionless at different positions with respect to the SDA and when the innerliner is moving laterally in relation to the SDA.  FIG. 20A  illustrates a cross section of a SDA  194  and an innerliner  196  when there is a gap G between the SDA  194  and the innerliner  196 . Ridges  197  on the innerliner  196  provide a design  198  that is visible through the SDA  194 . When there is a gap G between the exterior surface of the ridges  197  on the innerliner  196  and the interior surface of the SDA  194 , the design  198  formed by the ridges  197  on the innerliner  196  appears muted and less bright. 
         [0200]    The innerliner  196  is free to move laterally with respect to the SDA  194 , i.e., towards and away from the SDA  194 , and as the gap G becomes smaller as the innerliner  196  moves toward the SDA  194 , the relative definition of the design  198  formed by the ridges  197  on the innerliner  196  increases.  FIG. 20B  illustrates a cross section of the SDA  194  and the innerliner  196  after the innerliner  196  has moved laterally with respect to the SDA  194  so that the upper surface of the ridges  197  on the innerliner  196  is positioned flush against the interior surface of the SDA  194 . Therefore, there is no gap between the exterior surface of the ridges  197  on the innerliner  196  and the interior surface of the SDA  194 . In this configuration, the design  198  formed by the ridges  197  on the innerliner  196  appears clearer. 
         [0201]    This embodiment of the invention produces footwear having a changing appearance when the innerliner moves with respect to the SDA. As shown in  FIGS. 20A and 20B , due to the design and engineering of the footwear, SDA, and innerliner, the portion of the innerliner under the SDA includes a degree of freedom to move laterally relative to the SDA in response to movement of the user&#39;s foot. The portion of the innerliner under the SDA moves laterally relative to the SDA to leave, at times, varying amounts of space between the innerliner and the SDA. The movement of the innerliner under the SDA results in a variation in the intensity of the appearance of the attributes or design on the innerliner, as viewed from the exterior of the footwear. 
       Innerliners 
       [0202]    There are several different embodiments of an innerliner. For example,  FIG. 21  illustrates the most common conception of an innerliner and how it would be incorporated with footwear with the SDA.  FIG. 21  illustrates footwear  201  having a SDA  204 , an innerliner  206  having a displayable portion  206 A, and the user&#39;s foot  200 , according to an embodiment of the present invention. The innerliner  206  is placed directly on the user&#39;s foot  200 , and then the user&#39;s foot  200  is inserted into the footwear  201  and removed from the footwear  201  together with the innerliner  206 . 
         [0203]      FIGS. 22A and 22B  illustrate another way in which an innerliner can be incorporated with the footwear.  FIGS. 22A and 22B  illustrate footwear  211  having a SDA  214 , an innerliner  216  having a displayable portion  216 A, and the user&#39;s foot  210 . As shown in  FIG. 22A , the innerliner  216  is first inserted directly into the footwear  211 . Then, as shown in  FIG. 22B , after the innerliner  216  is inserted into the footwear  211 , the innerliner  216  and the footwear  211  are placed on the user&#39;s foot  210 . The innerliner  216  and the footwear  211  are placed onto and removed from the user&#39;s foot  210  as a single unit. 
         [0204]    With the embodiment of the present invention shown in  FIGS. 22A and 22B , the user uses the combination of the footwear  211  and the innerliner  216  with bare feet and therefore does not have to insert a new innerliner into the footwear  211  each time the user uses the footwear  211 . 
         [0205]      FIG. 23  illustrates a method for inserting a multi-part innerliner into footwear. This method of inserting the innerliner into footwear  221  is similar to the method shown in  FIGS. 22A and 22B  except that the innerliner shown in  FIG. 23  includes two parts, an outer layer  227  which is inserted directly into the footwear  221  and an inner layer  228 , e.g., a sock, which is placed directly onto the user&#39;s foot  220 . The user places the outer layer  227  of the innerliner directly into the footwear  221  and places the inner layer  228  of the innerliner onto the user&#39;s foot  220 . Then, the user places the foot  220 , which is covered by the inner layer  228 , into the footwear  221 , into which the outer layer  227  has already been inserted. The footwear  221  has a SDA  224  and the outer layer  227  of the innerliner has a displayable portion  227 A that is visible through the SDA  224  when the outer layer  227  is placed in the footwear  221 . Thus, the outer layer  227  of the innerliner and the footwear  221  are placed onto and removed from the user&#39;s foot  220  as a single unit. The outer layer  227  includes the displayable portion  227 A, which includes, e.g., colors, designs, that are displayed by and can interact with the SDA  224  on the footwear  221 . The inner layer  228  provides additional comfort, as well as moisture and heat dispersion characteristics. The inner layer  228  can also provide the characteristics for providing a predetermined internal spatial relationship during the interaction between the foot  220  and the footwear  221 . 
         [0206]    Thus, the innerliner can include more than one layer. After removing the inner layer  228  from inside the outer layer  227  and the footwear  221 , the user may use the inner layer  228  like a normal sock. The usage of a two layers allows for frequent washing and substantial usage of the inner layer  228  outside of the footwear, without impacting the display characteristics of the outer layer  227 . The outer layer  227  can remain in the footwear  221  while the inner layer  228  is removed with the user&#39;s foot  220 , thereby limiting wear and tear on the outer layer  227 , increasing the life of the displayable portion  227 A of the innerliner, increasing the materials that can be effectively used in the innerliner, and significantly increasing the number and quality of appearances that can be displayed. The user can remove and interchange the outer layer  227  when the user wants to alter the combined appearance of the footwear. 
         [0207]      FIGS. 24A and 24B  illustrate another embodiment of a multi-part innerliner.  FIGS. 24A and 24B  illustrate footwear  231  having a SDA  234 , an innerliner that includes an outer layer  237  having a displayable portion  237 A and an inner layer  238 , and the user&#39;s foot  230 . As shown in  FIG. 24A , the outer layer  237  and the inner layer  238  are both placed on the user&#39;s foot  230  with the outer layer  237  overlapping the inner layer  238 . The outer layer  237  includes the displayable portion  237 A, e.g., colors, designs, that are displayed by and interact with the SDA  234  on the footwear  231 . The inner layer  238  provides additional comfort, as well as moisture and heat dispersion characteristics. The inner layer  238  also provides the characteristics for providing a predetermined internal spatial relationship during the interaction between the foot  230  and the footwear  231 . As shown in  FIG. 24B , the user&#39;s foot  230 , the outer layer  237 , and the inner layer  238  are inserted together into the footwear  231 . Further, if the outer layer  237  does not cover the complete foot  230 , e.g., if a toe area  237 B is missing, the inner layer  238  can have a design or symbol in the region outside the outer layer  237 , e.g., in the toe area  237 B, which could be visible through another SDA, e.g., SDA  234  in  FIG. 24B . Moreover, innerliners that do not cover the front or toe portion of the user&#39;s foot makes the innerliner more comfortable. 
         [0208]    The relationship between the outer layer  237  and the inner layer  238  of the innerliner can vary depending on the particular model of the footwear system. For example, the outer layer  237  and the inner layer  238  are designed to limit the amount of movement between the two layers. Alternatively, the outer layer  237  and the inner layer  238  are designed to facilitate movement between the two layers. Furthermore, the outer layer  237  and the inner layer  238  can be designed to provide a full range of movement that lies between the extremes. Finally, the outer layer  237  and the inner layer  238  are designed to provide varying degrees of movement in different locations. 
         [0209]    Thus, for the embodiment of the invention shown in  FIGS. 23 ,  24 A, and  24 B, there are several potential relationships between the inner layer and outer layer of the innerliner. 
         [0210]    The outer layer and the inner layer can be designed to limit the amount of movement between the two layers. In this embodiment, the materials and attributes of the outside of the inner layer and of the inside of the outer layer are designed to limit movement between the layers. The spatial relationship between the innerliner and the SDA on the footwear is similar to the spatial relationship between the innerliner and the SDA of the embodiment of the invention shown in  FIG. 20 . The spatial relationship between the outerlayer and SDA is mostly controlled by the relation of the innerliner to the foot, the relation of the innerliner to the footwear, and the relation of the foot to the footwear. 
         [0211]    Alternatively, for the embodiment of the invention shown in  FIGS. 23 ,  24 A, and  24 B, the outer layer and the inner layer are designed to facilitate movement between the two layers. In this embodiment of the invention, the materials and attributes of the outside of the inner layer and of the inside of the outer layer are designed to facilitate movement between the layers. This is accomplished by coating the outside of the inner layer and the inside of the outer layer with low friction materials such as silk, Teflon® or Emralon 329® Fluorocarbon Low Friction Coating. Thus, the outer layer can maintain its position in relation to the footwear, while the inner layer and the foot are provided with substantial freedom of movement, without disturbing the display of the innerliner through the SDA. The spatial relationship between the outer layer and SDA is mostly controlled by the relation of the outer layer of the innerliner to the inside surface of the footwear and SDA. 
         [0212]    Finally, for the embodiment of the invention shown in  FIGS. 23 ,  24 A, and  24 B, the outer layer and the inner layer can be designed to facilitate movement between the two layers in some locations while limiting movement between the two layers in other locations. In the embodiments of the invention that facilitate some movement between an inner layer and an outer layer of the innerliner, the outer layer can be temporarily connected to the inner layer at one or more points, e.g., by using Velcro®, clips, snaps, buttons or hooks, so that the outer layer of the innerliner is assured of being removed from the footwear together with the inner layer. 
         [0213]      FIGS. 25A and 25B  illustrate an innerliner having an outer layer  247  ( FIG. 25B ) and an inner layer  248  ( FIG. 25A ) designed so that movement is facilitated between the two layers. The outer layer  247  has a portion  247 C displayed through a SDA in the footwear (not shown). At least a portion  247 A of the inside surface of the outer layer  247  includes materials described above that provide low resistance to movement against the material of at least a portion  248 A of the outside surface of the inner layer  248  of the innerliner, thereby allowing substantial movement between the layers when the outer layer  247  is positioned on the inner layer  248 . 
         [0214]    In the embodiment of the invention shown in  FIGS. 25A and 25B , the outer layer  247  and the inner layer  248  includes at least one of multiple mechanisms, a fastener such as snaps, Velcro®, hooks, buttons or clips for connecting the two layers at localized positions so that the user is assured of removing the outer layer  247  together with the inner layer  248  when the user&#39;s foot is removed from the footwear. As shown in  FIGS. 25A and 25B , the outer layer  247  of the innerliner includes at least one snap  247 B on a top edge thereof. The loops  247 B on the outer layer  247  connect to at least one snap  248 B on the inner layer  248 . The embodiment of the invention shown in  FIGS. 25A and 25B  has a single way for attaching the outer and inner layers  247 ,  248  of the innerliners. However, it is to be understood that multiple types of fasteners as described above may be used to attach the outer and inner layers  247 ,  248 . 
         [0215]    In the embodiment of the invention shown in  FIGS. 25A and 25B , the outer layer  247  also includes multiple mechanisms for limiting movement of the outer layer  247  in relation to the footwear. The outer layer  247  also includes at least one Velcro® patch  247 D and a rubber strip  247 E on an outside surface thereof. The Velcro® patch  247 D and the rubber strip  247 E on the outside surface of the outer layer  247  contact the inside surface of the footwear and cause the outer layer  247  to resist movement in relation to the corresponding area on the inside surface of the footwear. Thus, the embodiment of the invention shown in  FIGS. 25A and 25B  includes multiple ways for causing the outer layer  247  to resist movement against the inner surface of the footwear. However, it is to be understood that a single type of mechanism for resisting movement may be used. 
         [0216]    Furthermore, an innerliner may be used that bears little resemblance to a typical sock.  FIG. 26A  illustrates an example of a “non-sock-like innerliner” device  250 , that is used as an innerliner or the outer layer of an innerliner illustrated in the various innerliner embodiments shown in  FIGS. 22A ,  22 B,  23 ,  24 A, and  24 B. The device  250  includes various areas  251  to be displayed through the SDA of correspondingly designed footwear and these areas  251  contain designs  253 , such as a square, dots, and a triangle to enhance their appearance. In addition, the device  250  also acts as an inside portion of the footwear itself and can include various materials for providing support, fit and comfort. The exterior topography of the device  250  interrelates with the interior topography of corresponding footwear to hold the device  250  in place. For example, the areas  251  on the device  250  are recessed such that they would fit with SDA that protrude in relation to the surrounding interior surface of the footwear, thus helping to maintain the spatial relationship between the device  250 , the SDA and the footwear. Similarly, the recessed portions  251  are also adapted to protrude from the device  250 , such that they would to fit into SDA that are recessed in relation to the surrounding interior surface of the footwear. Finally, the raised portions  252  on the device  250  fit with recessed areas on the non-SDA portions of interior surface of the footwear creating interrelation strength and thus allowing further control over the spatial relationship between the device  250 , the SDA and the footwear. 
         [0217]      FIG. 26B  illustrates another example of a “non-sock-like innerliner” device  255  that is used as an innerliner or as the outer layer of an innerliner used in the various innerliner embodiments shown in  FIGS. 22A ,  22 B,  23 ,  24 A, and  24 B. If the device  255  is used in the embodiment described in  FIGS. 22A and 22B , then it is understood that the device  255  is an innerliner and would fit contiguously, but not continuously around the foot. If device  255  is used in a three-part footwear system (inner layer, outer layer, and footwear), then the device  255  is an outer layer. In this case, the outer layer fits contiguously around the inner layer, but does not necessarily fit continuously around the inner layer. The entire exterior surface of the outer layer  255  does not necessarily fit continuously around the inner layer since the outer layer  255  includes openings  256 . On device  235  there are areas  238  that are designed to be displayed through SDA. One of the areas  238  has a star-shaped opening which is designed to allow the inner layer to be visible from underneath the outer layer  255 . Thus, the inner layer is used to provide appearances that are visible through the outer layer  255  and thus can be displayed by a SDA and contribute to the combined appearance of the footwear. 
         [0218]    The device  255  acts as an inside portion of the footwear and can include various materials for providing structure, topography, and fit. The exterior topography of the outer layer  255  matches the interior topography of the footwear to hold the outer layer  255  in place. For example, the outer layer  255  includes a tongue piece  257  that is received within a corresponding recessed portion in the footwear. The tongue piece is excluded from the footwear in this embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0219]    It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the colors, designs, and illustrations disclosed in the embodiments described above and that other colors, designs, and illustrations may be used to provide similar effects. Furthermore, one or more of the aspects described above may be employed, alone or in combination, with footwear with an SDA and an innerliner designed to be used in combination with the footwear. 
         [0220]    Having described embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.