Abstract:
A module forming a part of a lead-through or transit for cables, pipes or the like is disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the module includes two base parts forming an outer part of the module. Two holding parts form an inner part of the module. Inside the inner part, formed of the two holding parts a cable or the like is received. The inner part of the module is received turnable inside the outer part of the module.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention concerns a lead-through or transit for cables, pipes or the like. The invention especially concerns a module forming a part of a cable transition or the like. 
     PRIOR ART 
     In the prior art there are cable transitions or the like having a frame, inside which a number of modules to receive cables, wires or pipes are placed. The modules are made of an elastic material e.g. rubber or plastics and are thus compressible. Inside the frame normally a number of modules are received side by side in one or more rows together with some kind of compression unit. The compression unit is placed between the frame and the modules in such a way that when the compression unit is expanded the compressible modules will be compressed around the cables, wires or pipes. For ease of description the expression “cable” is mainly used in this description, but it should be construed broadly and a person skilled in the art realises that it normally also covers pipes or wires. 
     Another type of cable transition, pipe penetration etc. has a general cylindrical form and is to be received in a sleeve in a wall or an opening in a wall. To function in the desired way the seal having the form of a module should fit snugly into the sleeve or the opening of the wall in which it is received and the seal should be able to adapt to the actual mounting dimension. The mounting dimension is dictated by the inner diameter of the sleeve or the opening. Furthermore, the pipes or cables received may have different outer diameters, and, thus, the module should be adaptable to cables or pipes having different outer diameters. 
     Cable transitions of both the above kinds are used for sealing in many different environments, such as for cabinets, technical shelters, junction boxes and machines. They are used in different industrial environments, such as automotive, telecom, power generation and distribution, as well as marine and offshore. The modules may have to seal against fluid, gas, fire, rodents, termites, dust, moisture etc., and may receive cables for electricity, communication, computers etc. or pipes for different gases or liquids such as water, compressed air, hydraulic fluid and cooking gas. 
     The cables etc. are normally forced to go straight through the modules, i.e. without any inclination in relation to the module or a frame receiving a number of modules. However, in many installations the cables do not come straight into the module, due to available space, the position of the cable before and after the frame etc. Thus, in such transitions the cables are forced to go straight through the module, even if the cables incline in relation to the frame or a wall. Depending on the type of cable used and the dimensions of it, a module may be exposed to relatively high forces from a cable going from an inclined position to a straight position. Forces of inclined cables or the like on the modules may impair the sealing effect of the modules. Furthermore, if the cables or the like are bent by being forced to go straight through the modules, the risk of rupture increases. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In view of the above the modules inside the frame or a module received in a wall should be able to take up forces caused by inclined cables or pipes. According to the present invention such forces are taken up, at least partly, in that the cables are allowed to incline inside the module. This is achieved in that an outer part of the module is formed of two base parts and an inner part is formed of two holding parts. The inner part of the module is received turnable inside the outer part and the cable, pipe or wire is received inside the inner part. 
     Further objects and advantage of the present invention will be obvious to a person skilled in the art when reading the detailed description below. 
     As used in this description the expressions “axial”, “radial” and similar expressions are in relation to a cable received inside a module according to the present invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will be described further below by way of examples and with reference to the enclosed drawings. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of one example of a base part used in the present invention, 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a holding part to be used with the base part of  FIG. 1 , 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a module half formed of the parts of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , 
         FIG. 4  is an end view of two module halves of  FIG. 3  brought together to form a module, 
         FIG. 5  is a side view of an alternative base part, 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of an alternative holding part, 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of one base part able to use with the holding part of  FIG. 6 , 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of the holding part and the base part of  FIGS. 6 and 7  brought together, 
         FIG. 9  is a side view of a module according to the present invention with a received cable, 
         FIG. 10  is a plan view of a module according to the present invention with a received cable, 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of a further example of a base part used in the present invention, 
         FIG. 12  is a perspective view of a module half including the base part of  FIG. 11 , and 
         FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a module formed of two module halves according to  FIG. 12 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In  FIG. 4  one embodiment of a module according to the present invention is shown, which module is formed of parts shown in the  FIGS. 1-3 . The module has two base parts  1 , forming an outer module part when brought together. The base parts  1  are identical. Inside each base part  1  a holding part  2  is received. The base parts  1  have a generally rectangular outer appearance and a cavity on the inside with a generally semi cylindrical extent. The semi cylindrical cavity is extended in the axial direction of a cable received inside the module. At the upper side of each base part  1 , flat contact surfaces  3  are formed for contact with corresponding contact surfaces  3  of a further base part  1 . The contact surfaces  3  have a generally horizontal extent and are perpendicular to the outer sides of the base part  1 . Thus, the outer module part is formed by two base parts  1  being brought together, with the contact surfaces  3  of the two base parts  1  in contact with each other. 
     A central, semi spherical support  5  is formed on the inside of each base part  1 , forming a part of the generally cylindrical cavity. The semi spherical support  5  has the form of a bowl and is placed centrally in the base part  1 . A holding part  2  is received in the semi spherical support  5 . The holding part  2  has a generally semi spherical outer surface  9  received inside the semi spherical support  5  of the base part  1 . The semi spherical outer surface  9  of the holding parts  2  is cut to form two opposing straight ends. The base parts  1  brought together form a central through opening formed by the semi spherical support  5  and a bevelled part  4  at each end of the through opening. The bevelled parts  4  widen outwards in axial direction from the semi spherical support  5  towards the ends of the base part  1 . Between the bevelled parts  4  and the semi spherical support  5  of each base part  1  an edge  6  is formed, having a plan, short extension in axial direction. The cut ends of the spherical inner part of the module are placed adjacent the edges  6  between each bevelled part  4  and the spherical support  5 . Thus, in axial direction the spherical support  5  is going over into the bevelled parts  4  at each end via the edge  6 , having a short axial extent. 
     The holding parts  2  each have an inner, semi cylindrical surface  8  on which a number of peelable sheets  10  or layers are received. The sheets  10  extend over the total inner surface  8  of each holding part  2 . The sheets  10  form a semi cylindrical channel  11  in the middle. By peeling off an appropriate number of sheets  10  the dimension of the channel  11  is increased and adapted to the dimension of the cable to be received. If the module is placed in a frame without receiving a cable or the like a blind is placed in the opening formed of the channels  11  of two holding parts  2  brought together. If the module is to receive a cable at a later stage the blind is removed and the appropriate number of sheets  10  are peeled off. At the upper side of each holding part  2  generally horizontal and flat contact surfaces  7  are formed. The contact surfaces  7  of two holding parts  2  are to abut each other when the two holding parts  2  are brought together. 
     Two holding parts  2  form a sphere with two cut opposite ends when brought together, which sphere forms an inner module part. The cut sphere is received moveable inside an outer module part formed of two base parts  1 . The cut sphere formed of the holding parts  2  is moveable in that the outer, spherical surface  9  of each formed sphere can move freely along the inner spherical support  5  of each module. Thus, a cable  12  received inside the formed module may have any inclination in relation to the module, as long as the bevelled parts  4  or the edge  6  at the inside of the module does not hinder such an inclination. The inclination of the bevelled parts  4  and the dimensions of the edge  6  in practice control the maximum inclination of the cable  12 . By means of the present invention a cable  12  received in the module  1  may be inclined in different planes, as indicated by  FIGS. 9 and 10 . 
     In the embodiments of  FIGS. 6-8  the holding parts  14  have the form of semi cylinders. The holding parts  14  have flat parts  18 , which are to abut each other when two holding parts  14  are brought together. In the middle of each flat part  18  a semi cylindrical recess is formed. These recesses are to receive a set of peelable sheets  15  each. When the holding parts  14  are brought together the recesses form an opening extending perpendicular to the cylinder formed of the two holding parts  14 . The only difference between a base part  16  adapted for use with the semi cylindrical holding part  14  and the previously described base part is the form of the support for the holding part. Thus, the semi spherical support of the previously described base parts is replaced by a semi cylindrical support  17 . The base part  16  for the semi cylindrical holding parts  14  still has a bevelled part  4  and an edge  6  on each side of a support, seen in axial direction. 
     By giving the holding part  14  the form of a cylinder, and adapting the inner surface of the base part  16  after the cylinder, it is possible to give a cable  12  different inclinations in only one plane. In the shown embodiment the cable  12  is moveable only in a vertical plane ( FIG. 10 ). To achieve this the cylinder is placed in a horizontal direction and transversal to the extension of the cable  12 . The inner support surface of each base part  16  is given a form making it possible for the formed cylinders to rotate around their axes. For cylinders extended in a horizontal direction the formed cylindrical support surface of the base parts  16  will be extended in a horizontal direction. 
     Normally the modules of  FIGS. 1-4  and  6 - 10  are placed in standardized frames. In some instances the parts encircling a cable should have a certain thickness, for example due to regulations regarding tightness, said minimal thickness is often reflected in the size of the standardized frames. The total length of the base parts of the modules of the present invention exceeds the length of the holding parts, due to the bevelled parts  4 . In order to adapt the modules to standardized frames the outer surfaces of the base parts may have cuts  13  at the ends to adapt the modules to the size of the frame. 
     The module of  FIG. 13  is formed of two identical parts, which in use are brought together to form a seal. The two module halves are formed to have a central, cylindrical open space when brought together. A pipe or cable is to be received in said open space. Normally, the module is received in a sleeve, or the like in some kind of wall, which sleeve is fixed to the wall. The module may alternatively be placed in an opening formed directly in a wall. 
     In the same way as for the modules described above, this module also has an outer module part and an inner module part, moveable in relation to each other. The main difference being the outer form of the outer module part. The outer module part is formed of two base parts  19 , which are identical. Inside each base part  19  a holding part  20  is received. The base parts  19  have a cavity on the inside with a generally semi cylindrical extent. The semi cylindrical cavity is extended in the axial direction of a cable or pipe received inside the module. At the upper side of each base part  19 , flat contact surfaces  21  are formed for contact with corresponding contact surfaces  21  of a further base part  19 . 
     In the same way as described for the module of  FIG. 4 , a central, semi spherical support  23  is formed on the inside of each base part  19 , forming a part of the generally cylindrical cavity. The semi spherical support  23  has the form of a bowl and is placed centrally in the base part  19 . A holding part  20  is received in the semi spherical support  23 . The holding part  20  has a generally semi spherical outer surface received inside the semi spherical support  23  of the base part  19 . The semi spherical outer surface of the holding parts  20  is cut to form two opposing straight ends. The base parts  19  brought together form a central through opening formed by the semi spherical support  23  and a bevelled part  22  at each end of the through opening. The bevelled parts  22  widen outwards in axial direction from the semi spherical support  23  towards the ends of the base part  19 . Between the bevelled parts  22  and the semi spherical support  23  of each base part  19  an edge  24  is formed. The cut ends of the spherical inner part of the module are placed adjacent the edges  24  between each bevelled part  22  and the spherical support  23 . Thus, in axial direction the spherical support  23  is going over into the bevelled parts  22  at each end via the edge  24 . 
     The holding parts  20  each have an inner, semi cylindrical surface on which a number of peelable sheets  27  or layers are received. The sheets  27  extend over the total inner surface of each holding part  20 . The sheets  27  form a semi cylindrical channel  28  in the middle. A blind may be placed in the opening formed of the channels  28  of two holding parts  20  brought together. At the upper side of each holding part  20  generally horizontal and flat contact surfaces  26  are formed. The contact surfaces  26  of two holding parts  20  are to abut each other when the two holding parts  20  are brought together. 
     Two holding parts  20  form a sphere with two cut opposite ends when brought together, which sphere forms the inner module part. The cut sphere is received moveable inside an outer module part formed of two base parts  19 . The cut sphere formed of the holding parts  20  is moveable in that the outer, spherical surface of each formed sphere can move freely along the inner spherical support  23  of each module. 
     Each module half has a base part  19  of an elastic material. At the ends of the base part  19  a front fitting  29  and a rear fitting  30  are arranged, respectively. The fittings  29 ,  30  are held at the base part  19  by means of screws  31 . Openings are arranged in the fittings  29 ,  30  and the base part  19  to receive the screws  31 . The screws  31  are threaded at their outer ends to co-operate with threaded openings of the rear fitting  30 . The function of the screws  31  co-operating with the fittings  29 ,  30  is to compress the base part  19  in an axial direction. Even though three screws  31  are used at each seal half in the shown embodiment, any number of screws may be used. In the shown embodiment the screws  31  are of the type socket head cap screws. A person skilled in the art realises that any type of fastening means allowing the fittings  29 ,  30  to be moved towards each other may be used. Thus, it is possible to use screws and nuts. Preferably, the screws  31  should be possible to tighten from one side. 
     The front fitting  29  according to the shown embodiment is the fitting on that side of the base part  19  from which the screws  31  normally are manipulated. The rear fitting  30  is placed on the opposite side to the front fitting  29 . In many embodiments the front fitting  29  is given an outer radius exceeding the inner diameter of the sleeve or the opening in a wall. This is done for a more precise placing of the module, as the front fitting  29  will abut the end of the sleeve or the wall. Instead of the radius of the front fitting  29  exceeding the inner dimension of the sleeve or opening, a number of extended parts fixed to or integrated with said fitting  29  may extend over the inner radius of the sleeve or the opening. 
     In use the two module halves are to be placed around the cable or pipe. At installation the blind is first removed. To adapt the seal to the diameter of the cable one or more of the peelable sheets  27  are peeled off. When the appropriate number of sheets  27  has been peeled off the two module halves are placed surrounding the cable. Then the screws  31  are turned in such a way that the front and rear fittings  29 ,  30  will be moved towards each other. As the fittings  29 ,  30  move towards each other the base parts  19  are compressed in the axial direction. The axial compression of the base parts  19  leads to an expansion of the base parts  19  in the radial direction. The base parts  19  will expand radially both inwards and outwards and, thus, seal both outwards towards the available space and inwards towards the pipe or cable. The expansion outwardly also means that the module will be securely fixed in the sleeve or opening. 
     A person skilled in the art realises that also this type of module may be adapted to be used with semi cylindrical holding parts, as the one shown in  FIG. 6 . 
     The base parts  1 ,  16 ,  19  and the holding parts  2 ,  14 ,  20  are made of a plastic or rubber material and are normally made by compression moulding. 
     In use the holding parts  2 ,  14 ,  20  are adapted to the dimension of the cable  12  or the like to be received, in that an appropriate number of sheets  10 ,  15 ,  27  are peeled of. The inner diameter of the opening formed when the two holding parts  2 ,  14 ,  20  are brought together should be somewhat smaller than the outer diameter of the cable  12 . Two base parts  1 ,  16 ,  19  are then brought together with the two holding parts  2 ,  14 ,  20  and the cable  12  received between the base parts  1 ,  16 ,  19 . Normally some lubricant is placed on the contact surfaces between the base parts  1 ,  16 ,  19  and holding parts  2 ,  14 ,  20  to promote movement between these parts. Thus, the lubricant should enhance the possibility for the cable  12  to get an inclined position in relation to the module receiving the cable  12 . When all cables  12  etc. are received inside the frame the modules are compressed in a normal way for cable transitions.