Abstract:
This application discloses hebricidal B-pyrazolylacrylic acids, compositions containing them, methods of preparing them, and methods for controlling undesired plant growth by preemergent or postemergent application of the herbicidal compositions to the locus where control is desired. The herbicidal compounds have the formula ##STR1## in which the radicals are defined in the claims.

Description:
This invention pertains to novel B-pyrazolyacrylic acids and their use for weed control in agriculture, horticulture, and other fields in which it is desired to control unwanted plant growth, such as grassy or broadleaf plant species In particular it pertains to 3-[4-cyano-1-(substituted-phenyl or -pyridyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylates as pre- and postemergence herbicides. The use of this class of herbicides is heretofore unknown. 
     A variety of herbicidal 1-arylpyrazoles have previously been described. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,459,150 describes the use as herbicides of compounds of the following structure: ##STR2## wherein R 1  represents R 8  C(═O)--wherein R 8  represents H, C 1-7  alkyl or C 1-4  alkoxy optionally substituted by C 1-4  alkoxy, C 2-5  alkoxycarbonyl or halogen, C 3-4  alkenyloxy, C 3-6  cycloalkyl optionally substituted by CH 3  or C 2  H 5 , or phenoxy, R 2  represents H or R 8  C(═O)--, or R 1  and R 2  together represent --CO--(CR 1  R b ) m  --CO--, R 3  represents F, Cl, Br, C 1-4  alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, or C 2-4  alkenyl, R 4  represents F, Cl, Br, NO 2 , CH 3  or C 2  H 5  and R 5 , R 6  and R 7  represent H, F, Cl, Br, NO 2 , CH 3  or C 2  H 5 , or 
     R 4  and R 5  each represent Cl and R 3 , R 6  and R 7  each represent H, R a  and R b  represent H or C 1-4  alkyl, and m is 2 or 3. British Patent Application 2136427A describes the following herbicidal N-pyridylpyrazole derivatives: ##STR3## wherein R 1  is hydrogen, R 4  C(═O)--, or R 5  (R 5  is amongst others C 1-8  alkyl); R 2  is hydrogen when R 1  is hydrogen, or R 4  C(═O)- when R 1  is R 4  C(═O)--, or hydrogen or R 5  when R 1  is R 5 , or R 1  and R 2  may be taken together to form ring systems, and R 3  is 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,496,390 describes the following N-phenylpyrazole derivatives as herbicides: ##STR4## wherein each of R 5  and R 6  represents a C 1-4  alkyl or alkoxy radical, a trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, nitro, cyano or primary amino radical, or a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, each of R 7 , R 8  and R 9  represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1-4  ifluoromethoxy, nitro, cyano or primary amino radical or a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, or R 5 , R 7 , R 8  and R 9  each represents a hydrogen atom and R 6  represents a trifluoromethoxy or trifluoromethyl radical, and R 10  represents a cyano radical or substituted carbamoyl radical --CONHR 11 , wherein R 11  represents a methyl or ethyl radical. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,563,210 discloses the following herbicidal 5-halo-1-halophenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles: ##STR5## wherein each R 1  independently is halogen; R 2  is halo or trifluoromethyl; and n is 1-5; with the provisos that when n is 1, R 1  is other than fluorine, and when n is 2 and each R 1  is chlorine, at least one R 1  is located at a para or ortho position on the phenyl ring. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,629,495 disclose 5-amino-4-cyano-1-phenylpyrazoles: ##STR6## wherein A represents R 1  R 2  N- wherein R 1  represents C 1-8  alkyl or C 2-8  alkenyl or alkynyl unsubstituted or substituted by CN, OH, C 1-6  alkoxy, carboxy, C 2-9  alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl optionally substituted by C 1-8  alkyl or C 2-8  alkenyl, C 1-8  alkoxyaminocarbonyl, C 1-8  alkanesulphonamidocarbonyl, --C(═O)-Het, where Het represents a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, or one or more halogen atoms or R 1  represents C 3-6  cycloalkyl optionally substituted by C 1-4  alkyl and R 2  represents H or R 1  , or R 1  represents C 1-4  alkylthio and R 2  represents H, or A represents R p  (R q )--C═N-- (wherein R q  represents C 1-4  alkoxy or amino substituted by one or two C 1-4  alkyl groups and R q  represents H or C 1-4  alkyl) or A represents 2-oxoazetidin-1-yl, 2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl or 2-oxopiperidin-1-yl optionally substituted by C 1-6  alkyl or A represents open-chain alkenylcarbonylamino and B represents phenyl substituted in the 2-position by F, Cl, Br, NO 2 , --CH 3  or --C 2  H 5  and in the 4-position by F, Cl, Br, C 1-4  (optionally substituted by halogen) or C 2-4  alkenyl and alkynyl and optionally substituted in the 3-, 5- and 6-positions by F, Cl, Br, NO 2 , --CH 3  or --C 2  H.sub. 5, or B represents 2,3-dichlorophenyl, and salts thereof. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,685,956 discloses the following 1-aryl-5-hydrazinopyrazoles, compositions containing them, and herbicidal methods of using them: ##STR7## in which R 1  represents hydrogen or alkyl; 
     R 2  represents cyano or nitro; 
     R 3  represents hydrogen, or represents in each case optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or cycloalkyl, or represents a radical --C(═X)--R 6 , or represents a radical --SO 2  --R 7  ; 
     R 4  represents hydrogen, or represents in each case optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or cycloalkyl, or represents a radical --C(═X)--R 6 , or represents a radical --SO 2  --R 7  ; 
     R 5  represents hydrogen or, in the case where R 4  represents hydrogen, also represents a radical --C(═X)--R 6 , or represents a radical --SO 2  --R 7 , or represents in each case optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or cycloalkyl, wherein, in each case; 
     X represents oxygen or sulfur, 
     R 6  represents hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, halogenoalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, or represents optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or represents in each case optionally substituted aryl, aryloxy, arylthio or arylamino and; 
     R 7  represents alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or cycloalkyl, or represents in each case optionally substituted aralkyl or aryl and; 
     Ar represents substituted phenyl, or represents optionally substituted pyridyl. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,685,957 disclose the following 1-aryl-5iminoaminopyrazoles, compositions containing them, and herbicidal methods of using them: ##STR8## in which R 1  represents hydrogen or alkyl, 
     R 2  represents cyano or nitro, 
     R 3  and R 4  independently of one another each represent hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl or halogenoalkyl or represent optionally substituted aryl, or 
     R 3  and R 4  together represent a divalent alkylene radical, 
     R 5  represents hydrogen or alkyl and 
     Ar represents optionally substituted phenyl, or represents optionally substituted pyridyl 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,770,692 discloses the following 4-cyano-(nitro)-5-oxy(thio)pyrazole derivatives, compositions containing them, and herbicidal and plant growth regulating methods of using them: ##STR9## in which R 1  represents hydrogen, alkyl or halogenoalkyl, 
     R 2  represents nitro or cyano, 
     R 3  represents optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl or optionally substituted aryl, 
     Ar represents phenyl which is substituted twice or more, or optionally substituted pyridyl, and 
     Y represents O, S, SO or SO 2 . 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,770,693 claims the following 5-acylamino-1-phenylpyrazoles, compositions containing them, and herbicidal method of using them: ##STR10## in which R 1  represents cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyloxycarbonyl, alkynyloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkenylaminocarbonyl or alkynylaminocarbonyl, 
     R 2  represents hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, halogenoalkyl or optionally substituted aryl and 
     R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6  and R 7 , which are identical or different, represent hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or a radical --R 8  ; 
     wherein R 8  represents halogenoalkyl, with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6  or R 7  represents a radical --R 8 , but R 1  does not represent cyano if R 5  represents trifluoromethyl. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,770,688 claims the following 5-azido or 5-phosphorimido-1-arylpyrazoles, compositions containing them, and herbicidal and plant growth regulating methods of using them: ##STR11## in which R represents cyano or nitro, 
     Ar represents in each case optionally substituted phenyl or pyridyl, 
     X represents an azido group, or represents the radical ##STR12## and 
     R 1  , R 2  and R 3  each independently represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogenoalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkyloxy, or represents in each case optionally substituted aryl, aryloxy, aralkyl or aralkyloxy; 
     but wherein, in the case where R represents cyano and X simultaneously represents an azido group, Ar does not represent unsubstituted phenyl and does not represent 5-nitro-2-pyridyl. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,772,312 claims the following 5-amino-1-pyridylpyrazoles, compositions containing them, and herbicidal method of using them: ##STR13## in which R 1  represents hydrogen or represents alkyl with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 
     R 2  represents hydrogen, nitro, nitroso or halogen, or represents a radical --C(O)--R 5 , wherein R 5  represents hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogenoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl, or optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, or represents alkoxy or alkylthio, or optionally substituted aryloxy, or optionally substituted arylthio, alkylamino or dialkylamino, or optionally substituted arylamino, 
     R 3  represents hydrogen, or a radical --C(X)--R 6 , or a radical --S(O)n--R 7 , R 4  represents hydrogen, or alkyl, or a radical --C(X)--R 6 , or a radical --S(O)n--R 7 , and in the case where R 3  represents an --SO 2  --R 7  radical, also represents an inorganic or organic cation bonded in salt form, and 
     R 6  represents hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogenoalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkylthioalkyl, or optionally substituted cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, or alkoxy or alkylthio, or optionally substituted aryloxy, or optionally substituted arylthio, or alkylamino or dialkylamino, or optionally substituted arylamino, 
     X represents oxygen or sulphur, 
     n represents the number 0, 1 or 2; 
     R 7  represents alkyl, halogenalkyl or optionally substituted aryl; and 
     Py represents substituted C-linked pyridyl. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,787,930 claims the following 5-amino-1-phenylpyrazole herbicides and plant growth regulators: ##STR14## in which R 1  represents hydrogen, or alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms; 
     R 2  represents hydrogen, nitro, nitroso, or hydrogen or --C(═O)R 5  ; 
     R 3  represents hydrogen, --C(═X)R 6 , or --S(O)n--R 7  ; and 
     R 4  represents hydrogen, alkyl, --C(═X)R 6 , or --S(O)n--R 7 , or in the case where R 3  represents a --SO 2  --R 7  radical or a --CO--C m  F 2m+1  radical, also represents an inorganic or organic cation bonded in salt form. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,435,208 claims the following herbicidally active substituted phenoxycinnamic acid derivatives: ##STR15## in which R 1  represents a hydrogen or chlorine atom; 
     R 2  represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, an optionally substituted radical selected from alkyl, aryl, alkanoyl, benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkenoxycarbonyl, alkynoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl and aryloxycarbonyl, or a radical of the general formula --COOM, in which M represents a hydrogen atom, one equivalent of an alkali metal ion or alkaline earth metal ion or optionally substituted ammonium, and 
     R 3  represents a cyano group or a radical of the general formula --CO--[Y--(CR 4  R 5 )--CO) n  --Z; 
     wherein Y represents an oxygen or sulfur atom or an imino (NH) or alkylimino (N-alkyl) group, 
     R 4  and R 5  independently or each other represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, 
     n is 0 or 1; and Z represents an optionally substituted radical. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     It has now been discovered that b-pyrazolylacrylic acid derivatives of the following structure are highly active herbicides: ##STR16## wherein X is chlorine or fluorine, X 1  is hydrogen, chlorine, or fluorine, X 2  is chlorine, fluorine, trifluoromethyl, or ethoxy, and X 3  is hydrogen, chlorine, or fluorine, or when M is --CH--, --CF--, --CCl--, or --N--; and R 1  is --CH═C(--R 2 )--C(═O)--Z--[S(O) 2  ] n  --R 3   
     wherein R 2  is hydrogen or methyl; Z is --O--, --S--, or --NR 4  --; and n is 0 or 1; 
     when Z is --O-- or --S-- and n is O, R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, lower alkyl, cyanomethyl, propargyl, isopropylideneamino, dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one-3-yl, phenylmethyl optionally substituted in the 4-position with methylthio, and --R 5  --COR 6 , where R 5  is a divalent alkylene of 1 to 3 carbons and R 6  is hydrogen, amino, dimethylamino, methylsulfonylamino, or an alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbons; 
     when Z is --NR 4  -- and n is O, R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, methoxy, 1-cyano-1-methylethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, phenylmethyl, and phenyl; and R 4  is hydrogen, methyl, or taken with R 3  --C 2  H 5  OC 2  H 5  -- to form a morpholine ring; 
     when Z is --NR 4  -- and n is 1, R 3  is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, trifluoromethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethenyl, amino, d-10-camphoryl, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, phenylmethyl optionally substituted with one or more of chlorine, bromine, fluorine, or methyl, and phenyl optionally substituted with chlorine or methyl; and R 4  is hydrogen; in addition when R 2  is hydrogen and R 3  is lower alkyl or phenylmethyl, R 4  may be sodium. 
     Lower alkyl means a straight or branched chain of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 
     Preferred compounds are those 
     wherein X is chlorine, X 1  is hydrogen or chlorine, X 2  is chlorine or trifluoromethyl, and X 3  is hydrogen, M is --CH-- or --N--, and Z is --O-- or --NR 4  --; 
     when Z is --O-- and n is 0, R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, methyl, ethyl, phenylmethyl, and --R 5  --COR 6  in which R 6  is hydroxy or an alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbons; 
     when Z is --NR 4  -- and n is 0, R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, phenylmethyl, and phenyl; and R 4  is hydrogen, methyl, or taken with R 3  --C 2  H 5  OC 2  H 5  -- to form a morpholine ring; 
     Z is --NR 4  -- and n is 1, R 3  is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenylmethyl optionally substituted with one or two of chlorine or methyl; and R 4  is hydrogen; in addition when R 2  is hydrogen, and R 3  is methyl, 1-methylethyl, or phenylmethyl, R 4  may also be sodium. 
     Particularly preferred compounds are those 
     wherein X is chlorine, X 1  is hydrogen or chlorine, X 2  is chlorine or trifluoromethyl, and X 3  is hydrogen, M is --N--, and Z is --O-- or --NR 4  --; when Z is --O-- and n is 0, R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, methyl, ethyl, carboxymethyl, 1-carboxyethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, 1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonylmethyl, 1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl, 1-(1,1-dimethylethoxyoarbonyl)ethyl, and phenylmethyl; 
     when Z is --NR 4  -- and n is 0, R 3  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and 1-methylpropyl; and R 4  is hydrogen or methyl; 
     when Z is --NR 4  -- and n is 1, R 3  is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl or phenylmethyl; and R 4  is hydrogen; in addition when R 2  is hydrogen, and R 3  is methyl, 1-methylethyl, or phenylmethyl, R 4  may also be sodium. 
     The compounds of the present invention were prepared by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. 
     The 5-amino-4-cyano-1-(substituted-phenyl)-1H-pyrazoles and 5-amino-4-cyano-1-(substituted-pyridin-2-yl)- 1H-pyrazoles) used as intermediates in preparing the compounds of the present invention are known and are disclosed as herbicides in U.S. Pat. No. 4,496,390. 
     The 5-amino-4-substituted-1-aryl-1H-pyrazole intermediates were converted to the corresponding diazonium salts with tert-butyl nitrite. The diazonium salts were then subjected to a modified Meerwein reaction, as described by M. P. Doyle et al., J.Org. Chem., 42, 14, 2431 (1977), with a lower alkyl acrylate and copper(II) chloride in acetonitrile, affording the corresponding lower alkyl 2-chloro-3-[4-substituted-1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]propionates. The lower alkyl propionates were then dehydrohalogenated with sodium hydride in dimethylformamide, yielding the corresponding lower alkyl 3-[4-substituted-1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylates, as exemplified in Example 1 below. 
     Alternatively, the lower alkyl propionates were dehydrohalogenated with potassium carbonate in 50% aqueous ethanol and then hydrolyzed with concentrated hydrochloric acid, yielding the corresponding 3-[4-substituted-1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acids, as exemplified in Example 2 below. The acrylic acids were optionally converted to their acid chlorides, which were in turn reacted with various alcohols, thiols, amines, and sulfonamides by well-known procedures, yielding the corresponding acrylic acid derivatives of the present invention. These procedures are shown in Examples 7-11 below. 
     The acrylic acids were also reacted with an appropriately substituted halogen intermediate under basic conditions in a solvent, for example, acetone, yielding the corresponding acrylic acid esters. This type of chemistry was usually employed to produce complex acid esters, for example, in which R 3  is 1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonylmethyl, as in Example 12 below. The complex esters were optionally hydrolyzed with trifluoroacetic acid, yielding a complex acid, for example, in which R 3  is carboxymethyl, as in Example 13 below. 
     An alternative route to compounds of the invention, bypassing the 5-amino-1-aryl-4-cyano-1H-pyrazole intermediates, is exemplified in Example 5 below. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Synthesis of Ethyl 3-[4-Cyano-1-(2,3,4-Trichlorophenyl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl ]Acrylate (Compound 6) 
     Step A: Ethyl 2-chloro-3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]propionate 
     To a stirred solution of 1.6 grams (0.015 mole) of tert-butyl nitrite in 20 mL of ethyl acrylate and 20 mL of acetonitrile was added 1.2 grams (0.012 mole) of copper(II) chloride. Upon completion of addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for five minutes, and then 2.9 grams (0.01 mole) of 5-amino-4-cyano-1-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole was added in portions. Upon completion of the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 2.75 hours at a temperature of about 27° C. After this time, the reaction mixture was poured into 150 mL of aqueous 20% hydrochloric acid, where it was stirred for 10 minutes. The two-phase mixture was extracted with methylene chloride. After the extract had been standing for a few minutes, an oily solid separated out. This solid was collected by filtration, and nmr analysis showed that it was not the proposed product. The methylene chloride filtrate was washed with aqueous 20% hydrochloric acid and then with water. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 3.6 grams of crude, oily product. A 2.0 gram sample of the crude product was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel with 1:1 heptane/ethyl acetate eluent. Those fractions found by thin layer chromatography to contain a major constituent other than eluent and starting materials were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 0.9 gram of ethyl 2-chloro-3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]propionate. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Step B: Ethyl 3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylate 
     To a stirred, slightly warmed solution of 1.4 grams (0.003 mole) of ethyl 2-chloro-3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]propionate in 25 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide was added in one portion 0.1 gram (0.004 mole) of sodium hydride. Upon completion of the addition the reaction mixture was warmed to about 60° C., where it was stirred for 1.75 hours. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool to ambient temperature, where it was stirred for about 18 hours. The reaction mixture was again warmed to about 60° C., where it was stirred for two hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue remaining was stirred with water for about 40 minutes, giving a solid that was collected by filtration. The solid was recrystallized from ethanol and water, yielding 0.6 gram of ethyl 3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylate, m.p. 131°-134° C. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Synthesis of 3-[4-Cyano-1-(2,3,4-Trichlorophenyl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]Acrylic Acid (Compound 4) 
     A stirred slurry of 0.35 gram (0.0009 mole) of ethyl 2-chloro-3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]propionate and 0.24 gram (0.002 mole) of potassium carbonate in 35 mL of 50% aqueous ethanol was heated at reflux for one hour. The reaction mixture was then cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure, leaving a residue. The residue was dissolved in water, and the solution was washed once with methylene chloride. The aqueous layer was stirred and acidified by the dropwise addition of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Upon acidification, the mixture was stirred for one hour, and the resultant solid was collected by filtration. The solid was dried, yielding 0.21 gram of 3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid; m.p. 215°-219° C. A small sample was recrystallized from ethanol and water to raise the m.p. to 226.5°-228.5° C. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Synthesis of Methyl 3-[4--Cyano-1-(3-Chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-Yl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]Acrylate (Compound 16) 
     Step A: Methyl 2-chloro-3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5yl]propionate 
     This compound was prepared in a manner analogous to that of Example 1, Step A, using 5.8 grams (0.020 mole) of 5-amino-4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole, 3.1 grams (0.030 mole) of tert-butyl nitrite, 3.2 grams (0.024 mole) of copper(II) chloride, and 40 mL of methyl acrylate in 40 mL of acetonitrile. The yield of methyl 2-chloro-3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]propionate was 7.2 grams. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Step B: Methyl 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylate 
     This compound was prepared in a manner analogous to that of Example 1, Step B, using 1.S grams (0.004 mole) of methyl 2-chloro-3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]propionate and 0.12 gram (0.005 mole) of sodium hydride in 25 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide. The yield of methyl 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylate was 0.3 gram, isolated as a waxy solid. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Synthesis of 3-[4-Cyano-1-(3-Chloro-5-TrifluoroMethylpyridin-2-Yl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]Acrylic Acid (Compound 14) 
     This compound was prepared in a manner analogous to that of Example 2, using 1.2 grams (0.003 mole) of methyl 2-chloro-3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]propionate and 0.8 gram (0.006 mole) of potassium carbonate in 10 mL of water and 25 mL of ethanol. The yield of 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid was 0.6 gram; m.p. 225°-228° C. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     Synthesis of 3-[4-Cyano-1-(3-Chloro-5-Trifluoromethylpyridin-2-Yl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]Acrylic Acid (Compound 14) 
     Step A: 4-Ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole 
     A stirred solution of 44.0 grams (0.21 mole) of 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-ylhydrazine and 38.6 grams (0.21 mole) of ethyl 2-acetyl-3-dimethylaminoacrylate, prepared by the method of J. R. Beck et al., J. Het. Chem., 24, 693 (1987), in 1000 mL of ethanol was heated at reflux for five hours. After this time, the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to a residual oil. The oil was taken up in methylene chloride and washed in succession with two 100 mL portions of aqueous 10% hydrochloric acid, an aqueous solution saturated with sodium bicarbonate, and water. The organic layer was dried and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 48.9 grams of 4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Step B: 4-Carboxy-5-methyl-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole 
     A stirred solution of 36.0 grams (0.11 mole) of 4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole, prepared by the method of J. R. Beck et al., J. Het. Chem., 24, 693 (1987), and 53 mL of aqueous 10% sodium hydroxide in 145 mL of water and 390 mL of ethanol was heated at reflux for 30 minutes. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was poured into 600 mL of ice water. The mixture was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid, yielding a gummy solid. Small portions of the gummy solid were triturated with petroleum ether, yielding, when combined, 21.5 grams of solid 4-carboxy-5-methyl-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Step C: 4--Cyano-5-methyl-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole 
     A stirred solution of 16.5 grams (0.054 mole) of 4-carboxy-5-methyl-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole in 80 mL of thionyl chloride was heated at reflux for three hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding the corresponding 4-carboxylic acid chloride. The acid chloride was taken up in 5 mL of tetramethylene sulfone, and 6.4 grams of sulfamide was added. The reaction mixture was heated, with stirring, at 120°-130° C. for one hour, after which the reaction mixture was poured into a solution consisting of 100 mL of aqueous 10% sodium hydroxide and 200 mL of water. The mixture was cooled, and a solid was collected by filtration. The solid was dissolved in methylene chloride, and the solution was dried with magnesium sulfate. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 14.0 grams of 4-cyano-5-methyl-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Step D: 5-Bromomethyl-4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole 
     To a stirred solution of 13.7 grams (0.05 mole) of 4-cyano-5-methyl-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole in 140 mL of carbon tetrachloride was added 12.8 grams (0.07 mole) of N-bromosuccinimide. The reaction mixture was brought to reflux with illumination from a 150 watt lamp and maintained at reflux for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and then washed several times with an aqueous solution saturated with sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 14.6 grams of solid that was predominantly 5-bromomethyl-4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Step E: 1-[[4--Cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]methyl]pyridinium bromide 
     A solution of 13.6 grams (0.044 mole) of 5-bromomethyl-4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole in 41 mL of pyridine was stirred at ambient temperature for three hours. After this time, the reaction mixture was slurried in 350 mL of diethyl ether and filtered. The filter cake was washed with additional diethyl ether. The filter cake was dried, yielding 11.9 grams of 1-[4-cyano-2-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-ylmethyl]pyridinium bromide. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Step F: N-[4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]-a-[4-cyano-1- (3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]nitrone 
     To a stirred suspension of 9.0 grams (0.020 mole) of 1-[[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]methyl]pyridinium bromide and 3.5 grams (0.023 mole) of N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline in 95 mL of ethanol was added a solution of 16 grams (0.12 mole) of potassium carbonate in 59 mL of water. When the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for four hours. After this time, the reaction mixture was filtered. The filter cake was washed in succession with water, ethanol, and diethyl ether, yielding 7.6 grams of N-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-a-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]nitrone. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Step G: 4--Cyano-5-formyl-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole 
     To a stirred suspension of 7.6 grams (0.02 mole) of N-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-a-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]nitrone in 300 mL of ethyl acetate was added 400 mL of aqueous 6N hydrochloric acid, at which time all of the solid material dissolved. The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with one portion of ethyl acetate. An aqueous solution saturated with sodium chloride was added to the aqueous layer, and the mixture was extracted several more times with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extracts were combined with the organic layer, and the combination was washed with water. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residual oil. The oil was cooled and triturated with heptane, yielding 2.5 grams of 4-cyano-5-formyl-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. (The compounds of Steps E, F, and G were prepared by the method of E. C. Taylor et al., J. Org. Chem., 43, 4, 736 (1978).) 
     Step H: 3-[5-Cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid 
     A stirred solution of 0.3 grams (0.001 mole) of 4-cyano-5-formyl-2-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole, 0.2 gram (0.002 mole) of malonic acid, two drops of piperidine, and 3 mL of pyridine was heated at reflux for about 18 hours. After this time, the reaction mixture was cooled and was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was stirred with excess aqueous 2N hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated and washed with aqueous 2N hydrochloric acid and then with water. The organic layer was dried with magnesium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was triturated several times with petroleum ether, and each time the supernatent liquid was discarded. The resultant solid was dried, yielding 3-[4-cyano-2-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure and was identical to the nmr spectrum of this compound prepared by the method of Example 4. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     Synthesis of Methyl 3-[4-Cyano-1-(2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]Acrylate (Compound 9) 
     Step A: Methyl 2-chloro-3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]propionate 
     This compound was prepared in a manner analogous to that of Example 1, Step A, with 4.0 grams of material that was about 50% (2.0 grams--0.006 mole) 5-amino-4-cyano-1-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole, 1.1 mL of tert-butyl nitrite, 0.7 gram of copper(II) chloride, and 13 mL of methyl acrylate in 13 mL of acetonitrile. The yield of methyl 2-chloro-3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)- 1H-pyrazol-5-yl]propionate was 3.8 grams. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Step B: Methyl 3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylate 
     This compound was prepared in a manner analogous to that of Example 1, Step B, with 3.8 grams (0.009 mole) of methyl 2-chloro-3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]propionate, and 0.3 gram (0.012 mole) of sodium hydride in 70 ml of N,N-dimethylformamide. The yield of methyl 3-[4-cyano-1-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylate was 1.7 grams. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     Synthesis of 3-[4-Cyano-1-(3-Chloro-5-Trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]Acrylamide (Compound 41) 
     Step A: 3-[4-Cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid chloride 
     A stirred slurry of 1.1 grams (0.003 mole) of 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid and 1.0 mL of thionyl chloride in 20 mL of toluene was heated at about 72° C. for 25 minutes. The slurry was warmed to 98° C. over a 45 minutes period, during which time the reaction mixture became homogeneous. The reaction mixture was heated at 98° C. for 35 minutes. After this time, the reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 1.1 grams of 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid chloride. The acid chloride was used without purification. 
     Step B: 3-[4-Cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylamide 
     To a stirred, ice-cold solution of 10 mL (0.15 mole) of concentrated aqueous ammonia in 15 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise a solution of 0.35 gram (0.001 mole) of 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid chloride in 15 mL of tetrahydrofuran. Upon completion of the addition, the cooling bath was removed. The reaction vessel was closed by placing a rubber balloon over the open inlet of the reaction vessel. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to ambient temperature where it was stirred for one hour. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated at 45° C. under reduced pressure to a residual solid. The solid was triturated with petroleum ether and filtered, yielding a solid that did not completely melt at 212° C. The filtrate was concentrated in an air current, yielding a tan-yellow solid. Both solids were stirred in water separately. Each of the solids was then collected by filtration. The tan-yellow solid was triturated with two drops of isopropyl alcohol and petroleum ether. The suspension was cooled in a dry ice bath, and the solid was collected by filtration. The two solids were combined and dried, yielding 0.18 gram of 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-acrylamide, m.p. 208°-210° C., dec. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     Synthesis of N,N-Dimethyl-3-[4-Cyano-1-(3-Chloro-5-Trifluoromethylpyridin-2-Yl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]-Acrylamide (Compound 48) 
     To a stirred solution of 0.5 gram (0.001 mole) of 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid chloride and 1.3 grams (0.012 mole) of triethylamine in 100 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added 1.0 gram (0.012 mole) of dimethylamine hydrochloride. Upon completion of the addition, the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for about 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then warmed to 65° C. where it was stirred for 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and the solution was washed with water. The organic layer was treated with decolorizing carbon and dried with magnesium sulfate. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was triturated with petroleum ether, and a solid was collected by filtration, yielding 0.2 gram of N,N-dimethyl-3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylamide; m.p. 116°-120° C. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     Synthesis of Isopropylideneamino 3-[4-Cyano-1-(3-Chloro-5-Trifluoromethylpyridin-2-Yl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]Acrylate (Compound 28) 
     At 30° C. a solution of 0.6 gram (0.002 mole) of 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid chloride in 15 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added in portions to a stirred solution of 0.2 gram (0.002 mole) of acetone oxime, 0.3 gram (0.003 mole) of triethylamine, and a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine in 35 mL of toluene. Upon completion of the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 30° C. for five hours. After this time, the reaction mixture was diluted with water, and the pH was adjusted to about 3.0 with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The organic layer was separated and washed with an aqueous sodium chloride solution and then with water. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residual solid. The solid was subjected to column chromatography on silica gel with 1:1 hexane/ethyl acetate as eluant. Those fractions found by thin layer chromatography to contain a major constituent other than eluent and starting materials were combined and concentrated at 40° C. under reduced pressure, yielding 0.2 gram of isopropylideneamino 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylate. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     EXAMPLE 10 
     Synthesis of N-Phenylmethanesulfonyl-3-[4-Cyano-1-(3-Chloro-5-Trifluoromethylpyridin-2-Yl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]Yl]Acrylamide (Compound 67) 
     To a stirred solution of 0.31 gram (0.002 mole) of phenylmethanesulfonamide in 15 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added 0.05 gram (0.002 mole) of sodium hydride which was washed into the reaction vessel with 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran. The reaction mixture was warmed to reflux temperature, and a solution of 0.32 gram (0.001 mole) of 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid chloride in 5 mL of tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise during a 20 minute period. Upon completion of the addition, heating of the reaction mixture at reflux was continued for 75 minutes. After this time, the reaction mixture was cooled, and 1 mL of water was added. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was dissolved in 35 mL of water, and the solution was acidified with aqueous 4N hydrochloric acid. The resultant solid was collected by filtration, and the filter cake was washed with water. The filter cake was then stirred with hot water. The hot water was decanted away from a semi-solid material. The semi-solid was stirred with fresh cold water which caused the semi-solid to totally solidify. The solid was collected by filtration and was then dissolved in 1:1 toluene/ethyl acetate. The solution was passed through a column of silica gel. The eluate was concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 0.13 gram of N-phenylmethanesulfonyl-3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylamide. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     Synthesis of Methoxycarbonylmethyl 3-[4-Cyano-1-(3-Chloro-5-Trifluoromethylpyridin-2-Yl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]Acrylate (Compound 30) 
     This compound was prepared in a manner analogous to that of Example 8, with 0.5 gram (0.0014 mole) of 3-[4-cyano- 1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid chloride, 0.2 gram (0.0017 mole) of methyl glycolate, and 0.2 gram (0.0020 mole) of triethylamine in 25 mL of tetrahydrofuran. The yield of methoxycarbonylmethyl 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylate was 0.1 gram. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     Synthesis of 1,1-Dimethylethoxycarbonylmethyl 3-[4-Cyano-1-(3-Chloro-5-Trifluoromethylpyridin-2-Yl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]Acrylate (Compound 33) 
     To a stirred solution of 0.4 gram (0.001 mole) of 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylic acid in 25 mL of acetone were added in succession 0.2 gram (0.001 mole) of potassium carbonate and 0.2 gram (0.001 mole) of 1,1-dimethylethyl bromoacetate. Upon completion of the addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 25 minutes, and then it was heated to reflux where it was stirred for one hour. After this time, the reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was shaken with methylene chloride and water. The organic layer was washed with water and then dried with calcium sulfate. The mixture was filtered through silica gel. The silica gel filter pad was washed with petroleum ether. The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 0.5 gram of 1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonylmethyl 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylate; m.p. 110°-112 ° C. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     Synthesis of Carboxymethyl 3-[4-Cyano-1-(3-Chloro-5-Trifluoromethylpyridin-2-Yl)-1H-Pyrazol-5-Yl]Acrylate (Compound 29) 
     A solution of 0.33 gram (0.0007 mole) of 1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonylmethyl 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylate in 1.3 mL of trifluoroacetic acid was stirred at ambient temperature for one hour. After this time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at a temperature of about 30° to 50° C. The resultant residue was taken up in toluene, and the concentration procedure was repeated. The residue was shaken with diethyl ether and water and then concentrated under reduced pressure at a temperature of about 45° C., yielding 0.29 gram of 90% pure carboxymethyl 3-[4-cyano-1-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]acrylate. The nmr spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure. 
     Representative compounds of the invention prepared by the methods exemplified above are shown in Table 1. 
     Characterizing properties of these compounds are given in Table 2. 
     HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY 
     The B-pyrazolylacrylic acids of this invention were tested in pre- and postemergence evaluations using a variety of broadleaf and grasseous crops and weeds. The test species used in demonstrating the herbicidal activity of this invention include cotton (Gossypium hirsutum var. DPL61) soybean (Glycine max var. Williams), field corn (Zea mays var. Agway 425X), rice (Oryza sativa var. Labelle), wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Wheaton), morningglory (Ipomea lacunosa or Ipomea hederacea), wild mustard (Brassica kaber), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), green foxtail (Setaria viridis), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), common chickweed (Stellaria media), and common cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum). 
     PREPARATION OF FLATS 
     Preemergence 
     Two disposable fiber flats (8 cm×15 cm×25 cm) for each rate of application for each candidate herbicide are filled to an approximate depth of 6.5 cm with steam-sterilized sandy loam soil. The soil is leveled and impressed with a template to provide five or six evenly spaced furrows 13 cm long and 0.5 cm deep in each flat. 
     In one case, seeds of cotton, soybean, corn, rice, and wheat are planted in the furrows of the first flat, and seeds of morningglory, wild mustard, velvetleaf, barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and johnsongrass are planted in the furrows of the second flat. The six-row template was employed to firmly press the seeds into place. A topping soil of equal portions of sand and sandy loam soil is placed uniformly on top of each flat to a depth of approximately 0.5 cm. 
     In another case, seeds of soybean, wheat, corn, green foxtail, and johnsongrass are planted in the furrows of the first flat, and seeds of velvetleaf, morningglory, common chickweed, cocklebur, and blackgrass are planted in the furrows of the second flat. The five-row template is employed to firmly press the seeds into place. A topping soil of equal portions of sand and sandy loam soil is placed uniformly on top of each flat to a depth of approximately 0.5 cm. 
     In each case, the flats are first watered, then sprayed with a solution of test compound as described below. 
     Postemergence 
     Two flats for each rate of application for each herbicide candidate are also prepared for postemergence application. The postemergence flats are prepared in the same manner as discussed above for the preemergence flats. The prepared flats are watered for 8-11 days, then the foliage of the emerged tests plants is sprayed with a solution of test compound as described below. 
     Application of Herbicides 
     In both the preemergence and postemergence tests, the candidate herbicides are applied as aqueous acetone solutions, usually at rates equivalent to 8.0 kilograms/hectare (kg/ha) and/or submultiples thereof, i.e., 4.0 kg/ha, 2.0 kg/ha, and so on. 
     The four flats (2 preemergence, 2 postemergence) are placed together and sprayed with 30 mL of test solution containing an appropriate amount of the test compound, i.e., approximately 7.5 mL of the test solution is sprayed on each of the four flats. Preemergence applications are made as sprays to the soil surface. Postemergence applications are made as sprays to the foliage. After treatment, the two preemergence flats are watered regularly at the soil surface for approximately 2 weeks, at which time phytotoxicity data are recorded. In the postemergence test the foliage is kept dry for 24 hours after treatment, then watered regularly for approximately 2 weeks, and phytotoxicity data recorded. 
     PREPARATION OF TEST SOLUTIONS 
     For flats of the size described above, an application rate of 8.0 kg/ha of active ingredient is equivalent to 0.06 g of active ingredient/flat (0.24 g for the four flats). A stock solution of 0.48 g of the candidate herbicide in 60 mL of a 50:50 mixture of water and acetone containing 0.5% (v/v) of sorbitan monolaurate emulsifier/solubilizer is divided into two 30 mL portions, each containing 0.24 g of the candidate herbicide. For the 8.0 kg/ha application, one of the 30 mL portions is sprayed undiluted onto the four flats (7.5 mL/flat). The remaining 30 mL portion of the stock solution is diluted with an additional 30 mL of the aqueous acetone/emulsifier mixture to provide 60 mL of a solution containing 0.24 g of candidate herbicide. As above, this solution is divided into two 30 mL portions, each containing 0.12 g of candidate herbicide. One of the 30 mL portions is applied, without further dilution, to the four flats for the 4.0 kg/ha rate. The remaining 30 mL portion is further diluted with an equal amount of aqueous acetone/emulsifier mixture, and the resulting 60 mL solution of 0.12 g candidate herbicide is divided into two 30 mL portions each containing 0.06 g of candidate herbicide. One of the 30 mL (0.06 g active) portions is used for the 2.0 kg/ha application rate and the other is used in the preparation of lower rate test solutions by the same serial dilution technique. 
     Phytotoxicity data are taken as percent control. Percent control is determined by a method similar to the 0 to 100 rating system disclosed in &#34;Research Methods in Weed Science,&#34; 2nd ed., B. Truelove, Ed.; Southern Weed Science Society; Auburn University, Auburn, Ala., 1977. The rating system is as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________Herbicide Rating SystemRating  DescriptionPercent of Main    Crop         WeedControl Categories Description  Description______________________________________ 0      No effect  No crop      No weed              reduction    control              or injury10                 Slight dis-  Very poor weed              coloration   control              or stunting20      Slight     Some dis-    Poor weed   effect     coloration,  control              stunting or              stand loss30                 Crop injury  Poor to defi-              more pronounced                           cient weed              but not lasting                           control40                 Moderate injury,                           Deficient weed              crop usually control              recovers50      Moderate   Crop injury  Deficient to   effect     more lasting,                           moderate weed              recovery doubtful                           control60                 Lasting crop Moderate weed              injury, no   control              recovery70                 Heavy injury and                           Control some-              stand loss   what less than                           satisfactory80      Severe     Crop nearly de-                           Satisfactory              stroyed, a few                           to good weed              survivors    control90                 Only occasional                           Very good to              live plants left                           excellent                           control100     Complete   Complete crop                           Complete weed   effect     destruction  destruction______________________________________ 
    
     For herbicidal application, the active compounds are formulated into herbicidal compositions by admixture in herbicidally effective amounts with adjuvants and carriers normally employed in the art for facilitating the dispersion of active ingredients for the particular utility desired, recognizing the fact that the formulation and mode of application of a toxicant may affect the activity of the material in a given application. Thus, for agricultural use the present herbicidal compounds may be formulated as granules of relatively large particle size, as water-soluble or water-dispersible granules, as powdery dusts, as wettable powders, as emulsifiable concentrates, as solutions, or as any of several other known types of formulations, depending on the desired mode of application. 
     These herbicidal compositions may be applied either as water-diluted sprays, or dusts, or granules to the areas in which suppression of vegetation is desired. These formulations may contain as little as 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.5% to as much as 95% or more by weight of active ingredient. 
     Dusts are free flowing admixtures of the active ingredient with finely divided solids such as talc, natural clays, kieselguhr, flours such as walnut shell and cottonseed flours, and other organic and inorganic solids which act as dispersants and carriers for the toxicant; these finely divided solids have an average particle size of less than about 50 microns. A typical dust formulation useful herein is one containing 1.0 part or less of the herbicidal compound and 99.0 parts of talc. 
     Wettable powders, also useful formulations for both pre- and postemergence herbicides, are in the form of finely divided particles which disperse readily in water or other dispersant. The wettable powder is ultimately applied to the soil either as a dry dust or as an emulsion in water or other liquid. Typical carriers for wettable powders include Fuller&#39;s earth, kaolin clays, silicas, and other highly absorbent, readily wet inorganic diluents Wettable powders normally are prepared to contain about 5-80% of active ingredient, depending on the absorbency of the carrier, and usually also contain a small amount of a wetting, dispersing or emulsifying agent to facilitate dispersion. For example, a useful wettable powder formulation contains 80.8 parts of the herbicidal compound, 17.9 parts of Palmetto clay, and 1.0 part of sodium lignosulfonate and 0.3 part of sulfonated aliphatic polyester as wetting agents. Frequently additional wetting agent and/or oil will be added to the tank mix for postemergence application to facilitate dispersion on the foliage and absorption by the plant. 
     Other useful formulations for herbicidal applications are emulsifiable concentrates (ECs) which are homogeneous liquid compositions dispersible in water or other dispersant, and may consist entirely of the herbicidal compound and a liquid or solid emulsifying agent, or may also contain a liquid carrier, such as xylene, heavy aromatic naphthas, isophorone, or other non-volatile organic solvent. For herbicidal application these concentrates are dispersed in water or other liquid carrier, and normally applied as a spray to the area to be treated. The percentage by weight of the essential active ingredient may vary according to the manner in which the composition is to be applied, but in general comprises 0.5 to 95% of active ingredient by weight of the herbicidal composition. 
     Flowable formulations are similar to ECs except that the active ingredient is suspended in a liquid carrier, generally water. Flowables, like ECs, may include a small amount of a surfactant, and contain active ingredient in the range of 0.5 to 95%, frequently from 10 to 50%, by weight of the composition. For application, flowables may be diluted in water or other liquid vehicle, and are normally applied as a spray to the area to be treated. 
     Typical wetting, dispersing or emulsifying agents used in agricultural formulations include, but are not limited to, the alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonates and sulfates and their sodium salts; alkylaryl polyether alcohols; sulfated higher alcohols; polyethylene oxides; sulfonated animal and vegetable oils; sulfonated petroleum oils; fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and the ethylene oxide addition products of such esters; and the addition product of long-chain mercaptans and ethylene oxide. Many other types of useful surface-active agents are available in commerce. The surface-active agent, when used, normally comprises from 1 to 15% by weight of the composition. 
     Other useful formulations include suspensions of the active ingredient in a relatively non-volatile solvent such as water, corn oil, kerosene, propylene glycol, or other suitable solvents. 
     Still other useful formulations for herbicidal applications include simple solutions of the active ingredient in a solvent in which it is completely soluble at the desired concentration, such as acetone, alkylated naphthalenes, xylene, or other organic solvents. Granular formulations, wherein the toxicant is carried on relatively coarse particles, are of particular utility for aerial distribution or for penetration of cover crop canopy. Pressurized sprays, typically aerosols wherein the active ingredient is dispersed in finely divided form as a result of vaporization of a low boiling dispersant solvent carrier, such as the Freon fluorinated hydrocarbons, may also be used. Water-soluble or water-dispersible granules are also useful formulations for herbicidal application of the present compounds. Such granular formulations are free-flowing, non-dusty, and readily water-soluble or water-miscible. The soluble or dispersible granular formulations described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,442 are useful herein with the present herbicidal compounds. In use by the farmer on the field, the granular formulations, emulsifiable concentrates, flowable concentrates, solutions, etc., may be diluted with water to give a concentration of active ingredient in the range of say 0.1% or 0.2% to 1.5% or 2%. 
     The active herbicidal compounds of this invention may be formulated and/or applied with insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers, or other agricultural chemicals and may be used as effective soil sterilants as well as selective herbicides in agriculture. In applying an active compound of this invention, whether formulated alone or with other agricultural chemicals, an effective amount and concentration of the active compound is of course employed; the amount may be as low as, e.g. about 1 to 250 g/ha, preferably about 4 to 30 g/ha. For field use, where there are losses of herbicide, higher application rates (e.g., four times the rates mentioned above) may be employed. 
     The active herbicidal compounds of this invention may be used in combination with other herbicides, e.g. they may be mixed with, say, an equal or larger amount of a known herbicide such as chloroacetanilide herbicides such as 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide (alachlor), 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide (metolachlor), and N-chloroacetyl-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)glycine (diethatyl-ethyl); benzothiadiazinone herbicides such as 3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4-(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide (bentazon); triazine herbicides such as 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N-(1-methylethyl)1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (atrazine), and 2-[4-chloro6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino-2-methylpropanenitrile (cyanazine); dinitroaniline herbicides such as 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzeneamine (trifluralin); aryl urea herbicides such as N,-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea (diuron) and N,N-dimethyl-N,-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea (fluometuron); and 2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone. 
     It is apparent that various modifications may be made in the formulation and application of the compounds of this invention without departing from the inventive concepts herein as defined in the claims. 
     
                                           TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ ##STR17## ##STR18##__________________________________________________________________________Compound X  X.sup.1       X.sup.2           X.sup.3     M   R.sup.2                               Z    n  R.sup.3        R.sup.4__________________________________________________________________________ 1    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           CH  H   O    0  H 2    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           CH  H   O    0  CH.sub.3 3    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           CH  H   O    0  CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 4    Cl Cl Cl  H           CH  H   O    0  H 5    Cl Cl Cl  H           CH  H   O    0  CH.sub.3 6    Cl Cl Cl  H           CH  H   O    0  C.sub.2 H.sub.5 7    Cl Cl Cl  H           CH  H   O    0  CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 8    F  F  F   F           CF  H   O    0  CH.sub.3 9    F  F  CF.sub.3           F           CF  H   O    0  CH.sub.310    F  F  OC.sub.2 H.sub.5           F           CF  H   O    0  H11    F  F  OC.sub.2 H.sub.5           F           CF  H   O    0  CH.sub.312    Cl H  Cl  H           N   H   O    0  H13    Cl H  Cl  H           N   H   O    0  CH.sub.314    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  H15    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  Na.sup.+16    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH.sub.317    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  C.sub.2 H.sub.518    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   CH.sub.3                               O    0  CH.sub.319    Cl H  CF.sub.3           Cl          N   H   O    0  H20    Cl H  CF.sub.3           Cl          N   H   O    0  CH.sub.321    Cl H  CF.sub.3           N(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CCH                       N   H   O    0  H22    Cl H  CF.sub.3           N(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2 CCH                       N   H   O    0  CH.sub.323    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH.sub.2 CCH24    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH.sub.2 CN25    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0                                        ##STR19##26    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH.sub.2 φ27    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH.sub.2 φ, 4-SCH.sub.328    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  NC(CH.sub.3).sub.229    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H30    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 CH.sub.331    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   S    0  CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 CH.sub.332    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 C.sub.2                                       H.sub.533    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 C(CH.sub.3).                                       sub.334    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH(CH.sub.3)CO.sub.2 H35    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH(CH.sub.3)CO.sub.2 CH.sub.336    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH(CH.sub.3)CO.sub.2 C(CH.sub.                                       3).sub.337    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH.sub.2 C(O)NH.sub.238    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH(CH.sub.3)C(O)NH.sub.239    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH(CH.sub.3)C(O)N(CH.sub.3).su                                       b.240    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   O    0  CH(CH.sub.3)C(O)NHS(O).sub.2                                       CH.sub.341    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    0  H              H42    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    0  CH.sub.3       H43    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    0  CH(CH.sub.3)C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                      H44    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    0  CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 C.sub.2                                       H.sub.5        H45    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    0  C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CN                                                      H46    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    0  φ          H47    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    0  CH.sub.2 φ H48    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    0  CH.sub.3       CH.sub.349    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    0  OCH.sub.3      CH.sub.350    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    0  CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2                                       CH.sub.251    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           CH  H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ H52    Cl Cl Cl  H           CH  H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ H53    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.3       H54    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.3       Na.sup.+55    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                      H56    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                      H57    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                      H58    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                      Na.sup.+59    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3).sub.2                                                      H60    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH(CH.sub.3                                                      HC.sub.2 H.sub.61    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1                                        ##STR20##     H62    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CF.sub.3       H63    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  NH.sub.2       H64    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  φ          H65    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  φ, 2-Cl    H66    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  φ, 4-CH.sub.3                                                      H67    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ H68    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ Na.sup.+69    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ,                                                      H-Cl70    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup. 4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ,                                                      H-Cl71    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ,                                                      H-Cl72    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ,                                                      H-F73    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ,                                                      H-Br74    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ,                                                      H,4-Cl.sub.275    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ,                                                      H-CH.sub.376    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 φ,                                                      H-CH.sub.377    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 φ                                                      H78    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1  CHCHφ      H79    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1                                        ##STR21##     H80    Cl H  CF.sub.3           H           N   H   NR.sup.4                                    1                                        ##STR22##     H__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________Characterizing PropertiesCompoundNo.                M.P. (°C.)______________________________________ 1                 74-177 2                 113-114 3                 clear oil 4                 226.5-228.5 5                 180.5-181.5 6                 131-134 7                 solid 8                 solid 9                 viscous oil10                 waxy solid11                 oil12                 217-21913                 116.5-16814                 225-22815                 solid16                 waxy solid17                 98-10118                 solid19                 solid20                 solid21                 solid22                 115-117.523                 glassy material24                 oil25                 166-16826                 97-99.527                 solid28                 solid29                 foamy solid30                 oil31                 oil32                 viscous oil33                 110-11234                 solid35                 viscous fluid36                 120-12237                 solid38                 solid39                 solid40                 solid41                 208-210; dec.42                 208.5-21043                 146-14844                 viscous liquid45                 194-19746                 204-20747                 125-12948                 116-12049                 solid50                 146-149; dec51                 solid52                 solid53                 solid54                 solid55                 158-16256                 solid57                 solid58                 solid59                 solid60                 solid61                 100; dec62                 168-17063                 solid64                 158-160; dec65                 solid66                 solid67                 solid68                 solid69                 solid70                 solid71                 solid72                 solid73                 solid74                 solid75                 solid76                 solid77                 solid78                 solid79                 102-10680                 solid______________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________PREEMERGENCE HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY (% Control)__________________________________________________________________________   Compound No.   1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8 9  10 11 12 13 14 15 16   Rate (kg/ha)   0.5      0.5         0.5            1.0               0.5                  1.0                     0.5                        0.5                          0.5                             0.5                                0.5                                   1.0                                      1.0                                         1.0                                            1.0                                               1.0__________________________________________________________________________Cotton  40 80 20 20 70 40 70 0 30 70 30 10 5  90 90 90Soybean 95 100         95 50 15 5  10 0 0  0  30 95 15 100                                            100                                               100Corn    95 90 85 60 15 5  70 20                          50 70 50 85 80 100                                            100                                               100Rice    80 70 20 60 15 10 40 10                          50 15 10 10 5  60 85 95Wheat   95 9  90 70 15 50 70 0 10 0  0  20 20 90 95 95Morningglory   95 100         100            80 85 100                     80 30                          70 80 80 60 20 100                                            95 100Wild mustard   100      100         100            100               70 100                     100                        0 100                             70 50 85 95 100                                            100                                               100Velvetleaf   100      100         100            95 90 100                     90 5 100                             100                                100                                   80 20 100                                            90 100Barnyardgrass   70 90 70 5  20 90 85 70                          70 15 40 85 60 90 95 100Green foxtail   30 95 20 80 30 100                     30 70                          100                             0  0  10 50 100                                            100                                               100Johnsongrass   85 95 100            85 85 90 95 0 90 70 50 95 90 100                                            100                                               100   Compound No.   17 18 19 20              21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32   Rate (kg/ha)   1.0      1.0         1.0            1.0              1.0                 1.0                    1.0                       0.5                          0.5                             1.0                                0.5                                   0.5                                      1.0                                         0.5                                            0.5                                               0.5__________________________________________________________________________Cotton  70 5  20 5 0  10 90 5  40 40 5  10 90 20 30 100Soybean 100      40 20 5 95 70 100                       95 95 95 95 95 100                                         100                                            95 100Corn    100      95 50 20              5  5  100                       100                          95 90 90 95 100                                         100                                            100                                               95Rice    80 60 10 20              0  5  70 30 80 70 15 90 95 90 90 80Wheat   90 80 30 0 5  10 80 50 85 85 50 85 95 90 90 90Morningglory   100      95 70 10              15 70 100                       100                          100                             100                                95 100                                      100                                         100                                            100                                               100Wild mustard   100      100         100            85              50 100                    100                       90 100                             100                                95 100                                      100                                         100                                            100                                               100Velvetleaf   100      100         80 90              10 15 100                       100                          100                             100                                10 100                                      100                                         100                                            100                                               100Barnyardgrass   95 95 0  30              0  10 100                       100                          100                             70 50 100                                      100                                         100                                            95 95Green foxtail   100      100         30 95              5  5  100                       95 100                             70 5  90 100                                         90 95 100Johnsongrass   100      95 60 60              10 40 100                       100                          100                             100                                95 100                                      100                                         100                                            95 95   Compound No.   33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47                                               48   Rate (kg/ha)   1.0      0.5         0.5            0.5               0.5                  0.5                     0.5                        0.5                           1.0                              1.0                                 1.0                                    0.5                                       0.5                                          0.5                                             2.0                                               1.0__________________________________________________________________________Cotton  15 50 80 5  80 95 50 50 80 89 80 20 70 0    80Soybean 50 100         100            85 100                  100                     90 85 100                              95 80 90 90 5  5 95Corn    90 100         95 80 95 95 95 90 100                              100                                 95 95 70 10 90                                               100Rice    60 70 95 20 70 90 85 60 95 100                                 70 70 15 0    100Wheat   60 85 90 50 95 90 95 50 100                              100                                 95 50 40 10 40                                               100Morningglory   95 95 100            85 95 100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 95 95 100                                          20 80                                               100Wild mustard   100      100         100            85 100                  100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    95 100                                          95   100Velvetleaf   90 90 100            15 100                  100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          60 90                                               100Barnyardgrass   100      100         95 60 80 100                     100                        95 100                              100                                 100                                    95 15 0    100Green foxtail   70 95 70 0  85 80 100                        85 100                              100                                 200                                    80 100                                          40 70                                               100Johnsongrass   95 100         95 95 95 100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       90 40 85                                               100Blackgrass                                        70Chickweed                                         0Cocklebur                                         0   Compound No.   49 50 51 52              53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64   Rate (kg/ha)   0.5      0.5         0.25            0.5              1.0                 1.0                    0.5                       0.5                          1.0                             1.0                                0.5                                   0.5                                      0.5                                         1.0                                            0.5                                               0.5__________________________________________________________________________Cotton  60 85    30              90 90 95 15 90 100                                85 10 40 10 50 80Soybean 80 5  0  0 100                 95 100                       100                          100                             100                                85 90 85 80 90 90Corn    100      95 15 0 100                 90 100                       100                          100                             100                                80 60 90 100                                            95 40Rice    80 85    0 95 70 90 40 90 100                                70 5  5  50 95 70Wheat   90 95 0  5 90 90 90 70 100                             95 50 10 40 85 95 20Morningglory   90 100         80 95              100                 100                    100                       100                          100                             100                                100                                   100                                      100                                         100                                            100                                               95Wild mustard   100      100   95              100                 100                    100                       100                          100                             100                                100                                   100                                      100                                         100                                            100                                               100Velvetleaf   100      100         15 90              100                 100                    100                       100                          100                             100                                100                                   100                                      100                                         100                                            100                                               100Barnyardgrass   100      100   0 100                 90 100                       100                          100                             100                                70 50 30 95 95 50Green foxtail   100      100         15 0 100                 90 100                       100                          100                             100                                85 90 20 60 100                                               100Johnsongrass   100      100         15 10              100                 100                    100                       100                          100                             100                                100                                   10 80 95 95 95Blackgrass    5Chickweed     10Cocklebur     20   Compound No.   65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79                                               80   Rate (kg/ha)   0.5      0.5         0.5            0.5               0.5                  0.5                     0.5                        0.5                           0.5                              0.5                                 0.5                                    0.5                                       0.5                                          0.5                                             0.5                                               0.5__________________________________________________________________________Cotton  15 5  95 85 95 80 70 65          90    50 40                                               95Soybean 85 50 95 60 80 70 30 90 80 30 95 90 30 95 90                                               95Corn    90 50 95 40 40 20 50 90 40 10 40 90 55 60 95                                               95Rice    20 5  30 70 40 40 15 15          90    0  90Wheat   15 10 70 50 10 10 10 50 30 5  45 15 20 20 60                                               40Morningglory   95 100         100            100               100                  100                     100                        100                           100                              95 100                                    100                                       100                                          100                                             95                                               100Wild mustard   100      100         100            100               100                  100                     100                        100         100   100                                             90Velvetleaf   90 100         100            100               100                  100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          100                                             95                                               100Barnyardgrass   30 70 80 50 50 30 40 85          80    50 50Green foxtail   85 90 100            95 90 20 95 100                           95 15 95 95 85 0  0 75Johnsongrass   95 95 100            95 90 50 95 100                           95 70 90 100                                       85 100                                             90                                               95Blackgrass                      20 20 40    65      70Chickweed                       100                              100                                 100   95      30Cocklebur                       95 85 100   95__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY (% Control)__________________________________________________________________________   Compound No.   1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10 11 12 13 14 15 16   Rate (kg/ha)   0.5      0.5         0.5            1.0               0.5                  1.0                     0.5                        0.5                           0.5                              0.5                                 0.5                                    1.0                                       1.0                                          1.0                                             1.0                                                1.0__________________________________________________________________________Cotton  90 100         80 100               95 100                     100                        60 95 90 100                                    50 40 100                                             100                                                100Soybean 90 95 95 80 80 40 90 30 70 40 40 95 70 100                                             100                                                100Corn    90 95 95 90 100                  85 100                        50 70 95 80 95 90 100                                             100                                                95Rice    20 30 60 70 5  20 40 5  60 15 40 15 5  70 85 95Wheat   95 95 70 90 50 60 70 10 40 10 10 15 30 100                                             95 100Morningglory   100      100         100            100               100                  95 100                        70 100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       50 100                                             100                                                100Wild mustard   100      100         100            100               100                  100                     100                        10 90 80 95 100                                       100                                          100                                             100                                                100Velvetleaf   80 100         100            90 100                  100                     100                        95 100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          100                                             100                                                95Barnyardgrass   50 70 60 95 50 50 50 60 70 30 40 60 40 100                                             100                                                100Green foxtail   20 50 90 90 5  40 20 40 100                              90 10 60 5  100                                             100                                                100Johnsongrass   80 90 85 95 85 95 100                        40 95 70 60 60 50 100                                             100                                                85   Compound No.   17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32   Rate (kg/ha)   1.0      1.0         1.0            1.0               1.0                  1.0                     1.0                        0.5                           0.5                              1.0                                 0.5                                    0.5                                       1.0                                          0.5                                             0.5                                                0.5__________________________________________________________________________Cotton  100      100         100            70 80 95 100                        100                           90 60 90 100                                       95 100                                             95 100Soybean 95 60 70 40 85 95 95 95 100                              95 95 100                                       95 100                                             100                                                100Corn    95 90 90 40 90 80 100                        100                           100                              100                                 95 95 100                                          95 95 100Rice    50 40 30 15 30 20 30 50 70 40 10 70 50 70 70 100Wheat   85 60 90 20 40 40 95 70 95 85 30 90 95 90 70 100Morningglory   100      100         100            60 30 50 100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          100                                             100                                                100Wild mustard   100      100         100            40 100                  95 100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          100                                             100                                                100Velvetleaf   100      100         100            95 15 80 100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          100                                             100                                                100Barnyardgrass   100      70 100            70 40 50 100                        95 100                              95 50 100                                       100                                          95 95 100Green foxtail   95 70 95 50 90 70 100                        40 95 95 15 100                                       100                                          100                                             85 100Johnsongrass   100      70 100            50 40 30 100                        95 95 100                                 80 100                                       100                                          95 95 100   Compound No.   33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48   Rate (kg/ha)   1.0      0.5         0.5            0.5               0.5                  0.5                     0.5                        0.5                           1.0                              1.0                                  1.0                                    0.5                                       0.5                                          0.5                                             0.5                                                1.0__________________________________________________________________________Cotton  100      95 100            80 95 95 100                        100                           95 95 90 100                                       90 15    8Soybean 95 95 95 80 100                  100                     100                        95 100                              95 90 95 95 50 85 100Corn    90 100         100            90 100                  100                     95 95 95 70 90 100                                       95 40 70 100Rice    30 70 70 15 95 70 80 50 70 40 40 20 20 5     70Wheat   50 90 95 30 95 95 90 70 100                              85 70 70 60 10 30 90Morningglory   100      100         100            100               100                  100                     100                        100                           95 100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          50 100                                                100Wild mustard   100      100         100            100               100                  100                     100                        100                           100                              90 95 100                                       95 80    100Velvetleaf   100      100         100            100               100                  100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          100                                             100                                                100Barnyardgrass   90 100         100            50 100                  100                     90 100                           95 80 50 95 95 20    100Green foxtail   95 100         100            50 70 90 70 95 100                              90 95 95 95 10 90 100Johnsongrass   95 100         100            95 100                  100                     95 100                           95 70 95 100                                       100                                          20 85 100Blackgrass                                        15Chickweed                                         70Cocklebur                                         70   Compound No.   49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64   Rate (kg/ha)   0.5      0.5         0.25            0.5               1.0                  1.0                     0.5                        0.5                           1.0                              1.0                                 0.5                                    0.5                                       0.5                                          1.0                                             0.5                                                0.5__________________________________________________________________________Cotton  95 95    95 100                  95 100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          100                                             100                                                90Soybean 100      95 90 90 95 95 100                        100                           100                              100                                 90 100                                       95 100                                             95 95Corn    100      85 60 70 95 100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          95 95 95Rice    50 60    5  85 30 95 95 100                              100                                 90 50 10 15 90 50Wheat   85 80 20 30 85 95 100                        100                           100                              100                                 95 100                                       40 90 95 90Morningglory   100      100         100            100               100                  100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          100                                             100                                                100Wild mustard   100      100   100               100                  100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    90 100                                          100                                             95 100Velvetleaf   100      100         95 100               100                  100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          100                                             100                                                100Barnyardgrass   100      100   20 100                  80 100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    95 95 95 90 95Green foxtail   100      95 40 30 100                  100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 90 50 90 100                                             70 70Johnsongrass   95 100   30 100                  100                     100                        100                           100                              100                                 100                                    90 90 100                                             90 100Blackgrass    40Chickweed     90Cocklebur     90   Compound No.   65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80   Rate (kg/ha)   0.5      0.5         0.5            0.5               0.5                  0.5                     0.5                        0.5                           0.5                              0.5                                 0.5                                    0.5                                       0.125                                          0.25                                             0.5                                                0.5__________________________________________________________________________Cotton  70 100         100            100               100                  95 100                        100         100   100                                             100Soybean 95 90 100            95 85 90 95 70 80 95 60 95 90 85 95 60Corn    95 100         100            100               100                  100                     100                        100                           5  100                                 30 100                                       30 90 95 40Rice    50 5  90 50 30 5  70 5           40    20 70Wheat   70 60 100            95 95 90 95 100                           30 -- 60 95 15 90 90 30Morningglory   100      100         100            100               100                  100                     100                        100                           80 100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          100                                             100                                                100Wild mustard   100      100         100            100               100                  100                     100                        100         100   100                                             100Velvetleaf   100      100         100            100               100                  100                     95 100                           90 100                                 100                                    100                                       100                                          90 100                                                100Barnyardgrass   50 70 100            90 50 85 30 85          95    100                                             80Green foxtail   20 80 100            100               100                  100                     50 95    100                                 100                                    100                                       70 80 95 80Johnsongrass   95 70 100            95 90 60 80 85    95 95 80 10 70 90 70Blackgrass                      10 85 10    15       30Chickweed                       100                              100                                 100   70       0Cocklebur                       95 100                                 100   95       95__________________________________________________________________________