Abstract:
An autonomous remote controlled vehicle for use in the automation of an existing refrigerated flow through storage facility food processing application. The remote vehicle is specifically designed to operate within a network of centrally controlled remote vehicles that are adapted to receive selectable items from production and temporarily store them for later retrieval. The system is adapted to minimize travel time for the remote vehicle and optimize cycle time. The system is specifically adapted to handle cardboard shipping boxes containing meat products.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]    This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/548,974 filed Apr. 13, 2000 entitled Item Handler and Method for Flow Through Storage. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION  
         [0002]    This invention relates to an automatic item handling system and methods for handling and transporting items in a facility designed with a flow through storage system. More specifically, the invention relates to automated remote transport and item handling systems that revolve around a network of centrally controlled remote vehicles that handle the storage and retrieval of boxes in a refrigerated flow through storage facility.  
         RELATED ART  
         [0003]    There is a need for an automated item handling system for storing and retrieving items, specifically boxes, that can be implemented in a facility already equipped with a refrigerated flow through storage system and that can be implemented without major modifications to the existing facility. A flow-through storage system is an array of open racks which comprises a plurality of perpendicular crossing beam members that form the rectangular-shaped open storage racks. The term flow-through is used because items are stored through the rear of the storage racks into a bin and the items flow through to the front of the rack where they can be retrieved from the bin. The items are conveyed from the rear of the bin to the front by a conveyance means. A bin is a single open flow through channel or it can be described as a single open shelf in the rack.  
           [0004]    Refrigerated meat processing flow through storage facilities are typically maintained at 32° F. or lower, therefore any automated system for storage and retrieval in such a facility must be able to operate under those conditions, which may limit the use of systems requiring hydraulic fluids to function.  
           [0005]    A typical storage facility within a typical meat processing facility is centrally located with respect to the production and shipping areas. Also, a typical high volume meat processing flow through storage facility may handle upwards of 60,000 boxes on both the input storage and output retrieval shipment sides on a given day. Therefore, up to 60,000 boxes per day are transported from the meat processing production area and stored in flow through storage bins (lumping) where they remain until they are retrieved (picking) and delivered to a shipping area to fill orders. There is a need to automate the handling of the storage and the retrieval of boxes in a flow through storage facility having a high throughput in order to handle such large quantities efficiently.  
           [0006]    Other more modern types of storage facilities include individual bin storage and conveyorized box storage facilities with automated box handling systems. However, some less modern existing storage facilities are designed with flow through storage racking. There are at least two major economic reasons why the existing storage facilities with flow through systems should be maintained with minimum modification rather than converted to accommodate a more modern and different type of storage system.  
           [0007]    One economic reason is that flow through facilities typically have a greater storage efficiency in terms of boxes stored per cubic feet of storage volume as compared to modernized individual bin and conveyorized storage facilities with automated box handling.  
           [0008]    A second economic reason is that typical automated item handling systems are not designed to meet the unique requirements of a facility that was previously designed to accommodate a flow through storage system, therefore the facility would have to be significantly modified to accommodate a more modern item handling system.  
           [0009]    Modification of an existing storage facility, with an existing flow through storage racking system, to accommodate a more modern and different type storage system would be very costly. Therefore, an automated item handling system that can be integrated into an existing flow through storage facility without having to implement major modifications to the facility is needed.  
           [0010]    In addition to needing a system that can be integrated without major modifications, there is a need to maintain a safe working environment for the people working in the facility, both when the automated system is operating and when it is not operating. The aisles between flow through storage bins in some existing flow through storage facilities are very narrow (approximately 35 in wide) as they were not designed to allot dedicated space for an automated item handling storage system. Therefore any automated system that requires dedicated floor space for a transport and handling means would further limit the usable floor space between aisles. Limited floor space on which workers can maneuver inherently makes for hazardous work conditions, causing tripping accidents and accidental collisions that may result in injury.  
           [0011]    An automated system that inputs or stores boxes into storage bins (lumping) is needed and the same is true for a system that retrieves the boxes for removal from storage for shipping (picking). In addition, however, a typical flow through facility, boxes are stored in flow through bins on skids which are carried on skate conveyors from the input storage (lumping) end of the bin to the output retrieval (picking) end.  
           [0012]    Therefore, integrated into a flow through storage facility, there is a need for a method and system to remove empty skids from the output end (picking end) and stow them for future use and there is a need for a method and system to insert additional empty skids into the input end (lumping end) when all the skids in the flow through bin are filled to their maximum capacity. Skid handling is an important aspect of any flow through storage item handling system because the picking and lumping will come to a halt until an empty skid is removed when needed or inserted when needed. This function is currently manual and reduces the efficiency of the operation.  
           [0013]    A typical automated item handler system that is utilized in a storage facility is designed for a modernized storage facility having individual bin storage or a facility having conveyorized box storage integral with a network of conveyors that transport items to and from storage locations. A design of this type does not meet the requirements outlined above for the automation of an existing flow through storage facility. For example a typical flow through facility may have ceilings no higher than 7 ft.; the lowest level bin is just above floor level; and the aisles are typically no wider than 35 in. Typical automated storage handling systems are not easily integrated into such facilities because they either entail large conveyor systems requiring a lot of space or they are remote vehicles that require large aisles and dedicated floor space for a guidance means.  
           [0014]    A review of prior art patents did not reveal any patents that specifically address the needs of a flow through storage facility. However, there are some prior art patents that address box handling functions for a storage facility that are typical of those used in individual bin or conveyorized storage facilities. In addition, some patents address the problem by the use of a centralized network of Box Handling Robots.  
           [0015]    For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,492,504 issued Jun. 08, 1985 to Hainsworth addresses an unmanned guided vehicle that is propelled along a path by a traction mechanism. It is clear that the apparatus of this patent is designed to accommodate an individual open bin storage system. However this patent is worthy of noting because it shows an apparatus that performs the general tasks of lumping and picking in a storage facility and is representative of how a facility with an individual bin storage system is automated. However the apparatus shown in Hainsworth ′504 does not have the elements or the functionality to meet the particular requirements, as outlined above, for automating an existing flow through storage facility.  
           [0016]    The actuator arm of Hainsworth is designed to retrieve one box at a time and there is only one arm per robot, thus multiple items from a skid could not be retrieved simultaneously. It will be difficult to maintain a desired flow of handling 60,000 items per day on both the input (lumping) end and the output (picking) end with the Hainsworth design. Also, in a typical flow through system, boxes are stored on skids that rest on skate conveyors. Also, boxes are stacked in multiple rows usually two rows high. Therefore, if the one arm system shown in Hainsworth is used and the arm attempts to remove a box on the top row, it is likely that the box underneath will move due to friction, or possibly the entire skid will move. There is no means to prevent the lower tier box or the skid from moving.  
           [0017]    Also, the guidance system of Hainsworth comprises a radiation source that causes a guide line to reflect or emit a guidance signal. Hainsworth also discloses alternative guidance methods such as a fixed rail system or a buried wire guidance system. Either of the disclosed guidance methods will require dedicated space for the tracking means. This would further narrow the useable floor space between flow through bins even when the remote vehicle is not passing through. Also, either guidance method will require modification to the floor of an existing facility, or as a minimum the floor would have to be leveled and repaired to eliminate dips or cracks in the floor prior to installing the radiating strip. However, in the case of a buried wire guidance method, a portion of the floor would have to be torn up in order to install the wire. Either method is contrary to the requirements outlined above for automating an existing flow through facility because of the extensive modifications and safety impacts.  
           [0018]    A way is needed to reliably lump and pick items in an existing flow through storage facility and to make a seamless transport of boxes from production to storage and onto shipping. There is also a need for the item handler to automatically identify the item to be lumped or picked so that travel time and cycle time is minimized for a more efficient operation.  
         SUMMARY OF INVENTION  
         [0019]    It is in view of the above problems that the present invention was developed. It is an object of this invention to automate the lumping and picking of items in an existing flow through storage facility efficiently and with minimal impact to the existing facility.  
           [0020]    It is also an object of this invention to maintain the current available floor space between the flow through storage bins in order to assure easy and safe access.  
           [0021]    It is also an object of this invention to remove empty skids from the flow through bin, stow them as needed and then retrieve and reinsert empty skids into the flow through bins as needed.  
           [0022]    It is also an object of this invention to more reliably automate an existing storage facility with a centrally controlled network of semi autonomous lumping and picking means that make a seamless transport of boxes from production to storage and onto shipping.  
           [0023]    The invention satisfies the above objects by providing a method and apparatus for the automation of an existing flow through facility—that is providing a centrally controlled network of semi-autonomous mobile robotic vehicles having on-board embedded controls. The robotic vehicle is adapted with a means for storing boxes in (lumping) and retrieving boxes from (picking) flow through storage bins and is adapted with a means for stowing empty skids and re-inserting empty skids into flow through storage bins. The robotic vehicle has an on-board communication means that is adapted to transmit to and receive signal messages from a centrally controlled network that coordinates the transport of boxes by the remote vehicle from production, to temporary flow through storage and onto shipping. A central data parser is the central point where all information external to the network is received. The data is processed and top level tasks are assigned to central process controllers located on every floor having flow through storage bins. The central process controllers then assign specific tasks to the remote vehicles whereby the on-board controller executes specific picking and lumping operations. The preferred embodiment of the robotic vehicle can be powered by an electric motor and has four wheels that ride on a pair of over-head track rails wherein one of the track rails can be adapted to provide an electrical power connection to the vehicle. The vehicle can be adapted with a trolley type connection frame that can serve both as a connection to the main electrical power and provides moment stability to the vehicle to prevent tipping. In this preferred embodiment, the vehicle is freely suspended hanging from the rails and never touching the floor. The vehicle can also be adapted with collision avoidance sensors for determining vehicle position with respect to other objects and with a means to read a code placed on the exterior of the box for product verification. The vehicle also incorporates absolute encoders to monitor actual distance traveled by the vehicle in order to positively locate the vehicle in the network of storage bins at all times.  
           [0024]    The inventor has determined that a centrally controlled network of remote robotic vehicles is effective in automating an existing refrigerated flow through storage facility for the meat processing industry. The remote vehicle is integrated with the flow through storage bins and a conveyor system for transporting boxes to shipping and from production. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS  
       [0025]    The advantages of this invention will be better understood by referring to the accompanying drawing.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 1 shows a top-right front perspective view of the remote vehicle, a portion of the flow through bins, and a portion of the conveyor system on the picking side.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 2 shows a top-right rear perspective view of a portion of the flow through storage bins (with some members cutaway for clarity), the remote vehicle, and a portion of the conveyor system.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 3 shows a top-right rear perspective view of the remote vehicle and a portion of the conveyor system.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 4 shows a top-left rear perspective view of the remote vehicle.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 5A shows a top-left front perspective view of the remote vehicle frame.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 5B shows a top-left rear perspective view of the remote vehicle frame.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 6 shows a left side view of the carriage with the pinioned telescoped arm rail fully extended to the front.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 6A shows a left side view of the carriage with a portion of the side panel cutaway.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 6B shows a detail of the hook for the skid pulley ejector system.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 7 shows a left side view of the carriage with arm in a center stowed position.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 8 shows a left side view of the carriage with the arm extended to the rear.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 9 shows a top right side rear perspective view of the carriage.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 10 shows a top right side rear perspective view.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 10A shows a top view of the carriage with the arm extended to the rear.  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 10B shows a rear view of the carriage.  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 11 shows a right front perspective view of the flow through bin (with a portion cut away for clarity).  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 12 shows a right rear perspective view of the skid index lifting mechanism.  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 13 shows a right side view of the skid index lifting mechanism.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 14 shows a top view of the typical storage area layout for a flow through storage bin assembly. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0045]    Referring to FIG. 1, a top right front perspective view of a portion of the flow through storage bins  100 , the remote vehicle  102 , and a portion of the conveyor system  112  is shown on the picking side of the flow through bin. Also shown in this view, is a collision avoidance sensor  104  operatively attached to the remote vehicle  102 . The remote vehicle  102  is suspended from the overhead track rails  106  and  108 . The remote vehicle is freely suspended having no support underneath. The remote vehicle  102  travels on the track rails  106  and  108  by wheels that are fitted in the track rail slots thereby providing an overhead traction mechanism. Track rail  108  provides power to the remote vehicle. The parallel track rails  106  and  108  are supported by a plurality support members  110 . The basic construction of the remote vehicle frame comprises a pair of upright side frame members  103  having a hollow interior volume to house an elevation mechanism. Only the right side frame member of the pair is clearly seen from this view. The pair of upright side frame members  103  are spaced apart and bridged together at their upper portions by a horizontally oriented rectangular, elongated frame member  105  which is elongated in the direction of travel, thereby forming an upright chassis. Wheels by which the vehicle travels are attached onto the elongate frame member  105 . The carriage of the remote vehicle that is used as a temporary platform to carry boxes is guided by the upright frame members  103 . The carriage is more clearly depicted in FIGS. 3 and 9. Support frame  107  provides additional structural integrity and rigidity to the overall vehicle frame and specifically to the upright frame members. The conveyor system  112  that is shown on the picking side is a two-tier system having a top tier picking side conveyor  114  and a bottom tier  116 . Conveyor tiers  114  and  116  are conventional cylindrical roller type conveyors. In this view the remote vehicle is shown placing a row of boxes onto the conveyor system  112  after picking the boxes from the appropriate skid. It can be seen in this view that the pinion driven telescoped rail arms are fully extended in the direction of the conveyor in order to translate the row of boxes onto said conveyor. The pinion arms are more clearly shown in FIGS.  6 - 10 . The remote vehicle receives its task instructions from a remote process controller located on every floor having flow through bins. The remote vehicle is instructed what bin to go to and the box type and quantity of boxes to retrieve.  
         [0046]    Referring to FIG. 2, a top right rear perspective view of a portion of the flow through storage bins  100  (with some frame members of the flow through bin cut away for clarity), the remote vehicle  102 , and a portion of the conveyor system  112  is shown. A perspective of the track rails  106  and  108  are shown in this view as well. Also shown in the view is a first electrical motor  200  (elevator motor) which provides the elevation drive for lifting and lowering the carriage. A second electrical motor  204  (arm motor) is shown and provides the drive for the telescoped rail arms  216 . A third electrical motor  202  (carriage motor) is shown which provides the drive for moving the carriage toward and away from storage bins. A fourth electrical motor  210  (transport motor) is shown which is the drive for translating on the track rails. Shown in this view are wheels  206  and  208  operatively connected to the remote vehicle via an axial member attached to elongated rectangular frame member  105  and these wheels are disposed on opposite ends of the remote vehicle  102 . Track wheels  208  and  206  are engaging the track rail  108  in order that the remote vehicle  102  can travel along said rail  108 . Wheels  206  and  208  are powered by motor  210 . Motor  210  is the sole power for vehicle traction.  
         [0047]    A first pair of stabilizing wheels  212  are shown attached to the carriage portion of the remote vehicle  102  in order to stabilize the carriage during elevation of the carriage and onloading and offloading boxes onto said carriage. There is a second pair of identical wheels on the opposing exterior side (the front or picking side) of frame member  103 . Frame member  103  provides support to these wheels and the carriage acting as a guide member on which the wheels  212  travel.  
         [0048]    Also shown in this view are the pinion driven telescoped rail arms  216  fully extended such that the plurality of finger members  218  can be positioned behind the boxes to be removed. The fingers are rotated down behind the boxes such that when the arm is retracted the boxes will be drawn onto the platform by the plurality of fingers. The fingers are independently powered and can be independently actuated. The boxes in this view are shown stacked two rows high on top of a skid that rests on a pair of skate roller conveyor rails.  
         [0049]    Also shown in this view is a skid drive belt  222  which is utilized to stow empty skids to be discussed in detail when describing FIG. 11. The skid drive belt has dogs which drive the skid to the desired location.  
         [0050]    Also shown in this view is an empty skid storage rack  224  for stowing empty skids. Also shown in this view is skid conveyor gear  226  which is operatively connected to the skid drive conveyor belt  222  by an axial member. Skid conveyor gear  226  is engaged by a mating drive gear  300  on the remote vehicle whereby the remote vehicle powers the gear interface in order to convey empty skids in stow to the rear of a storage bin to enable an empty skid to be retrieved for insertion of empty skids into the flow through bin. The skate rollers conveyor  220 , upon which the skid and boxes are conveyed, is also shown. Also shown in this view is a support brace  107  which is used as a stabilizing member for the overall remote vehicle chassis. Frame  105  that bridges the pair of upright frame members  102  is also shown.  
         [0051]    Referring to FIG. 3, a top right rear perspective view of the remote vehicle  102  and a portion of the conveyor system  112  is shown. Also shown in this view are the overhead rails  106  and  108  which are engaged by track wheel members  206  and  208 . The right side of the remote vehicle  102  can be seen and a view of the support bracket  107  and the collision of avoidance sensor  104  can be seen. This rear perspective view reveals skid conveyor drive gear  300  which is operatively connected to skid drive motor  302 . Gear  300  engages gear  226  seen in FIG. 2 thereby providing power to conveyor  222  seen in FIG. 2 for conveyance of empty skids to the rear-most position of the bin for retrieval. This gear can also be used to engage a gear on the picking side (similar to gear  226 ) of the bin system which also powers the conveyor when empty skids are stowed on rack  224 . Also seen in this view is a slot or recessed volume  304  where the plurality of fingers  218  are stowed when fully retracted.  
         [0052]    Also shown in this view is the carriage, where a plurality of carriage skid tracks (not seen on this view) extend beyond the carriage forming a plurality of prongs  306  such that when the carriage is extended in the direction of the stowed boxes the plurality of skid track prong members  306  will push up against the lower row of boxes such that the lower row of boxes do not move when boxes from the higher row are being removed. Also, the engaging of these plurality of carriage prong members against the lower row of boxes help to stabilize the carriage when loading and unloading boxes from the carriage platform. A discussion of how the entire carriage  310  is extended outward such that the prongs will engage an adjacent body such as a box or retracted will be discussed in more detail when the carriage is described in detail. An absolute encoder  308  is also shown that measures the distance traveled by the remote vehicle by monitoring the numbers of rotations of its wheel.  
         [0053]    Referring to FIG. 4, a top left rear perspective view of the remote vehicle  102  is shown. The remote vehicle  102  is shown suspended from rails  106  and  108 . The remote vehicle wheels  206  and  208  engage rail  108  such that the remote vehicle  102  translates along said rail. Also seen in this view is the rear view of the carriage  310  of the remote vehicle, the rear view being the side closest to the flow through storage bins on the picking side of the bins.  
         [0054]    A flexible communication and power bus  400  is shown. The power and communication bus  400  is electrically connected to the arm and finger assembly  412 . The communication and power bus  400  provides power and control commands to the finger bridge frame assembly  412  whereby the fingers are selectively controlled to perform the picking and lumping functions. Bus  400  communicates by way of the power and communication strip  402  electrically connected to an on-board controller. Communication strip  402  also acts as a support structure for the communication cabling. The on-board controller is adapted to receive task assignments from a central process controller.  
         [0055]    Also shown in this view are the pair of opposing upright side frame members  103  which house the pulley system  406  whereby the carriage is elevated up and down. The left upright frame member is seen in the foreground of this view and the right frame member is seen in the back ground. Also shown in this view are the plurality of support bars  410  for forming the carriage platform. Also shown in this view are the plurality of the carriage skid rails  409  which are attached to the top side of the support members  410 .  
         [0056]    Referring to Figs.  5 A and SB, a top left front perspective view of the remote vehicle frame and a top left rear perspective view of the remote vehicle frame are shown. Shown in FIG. 5A are a set of three wheels  500  which are designed to engage the overhead track rail  106 . Members  502  are electrical lines exiting the electrical box  504  are shown. The electrical box  504  for the remote vehicle houses the on-board controller and communication systems. A better view of the pulley system  406  is shown which provides the elevator for the carriage. Also shown is a pair of carriage brackets  506  which support the carriage  310  and is operatively connected to the stabilizing wheels  212  and is operatively attached to a pulley system  406  whereby the lowering and the elevating of the carriage is accomplished. The carriage has a plurality of wheels (see  624  of FIG. 6) that are disposed on either side of the carriage frame that engage carriage track  509  thereby allowing the carriage to travel along the track  509 . This function allows the carriage to extend its platform in a direction of a box to be retrieved or toward a platform where a box is to be transferred. The support carriage bracket  506  has integral with it a flange  510  which supports the carriage. Also the bracket  506  incorporates a carriage rack member  508  having pinion interfacing teeth which is communicable with a mating carriage pinion drive gear  610  (see FIG. 6) on the carriage thereby allowing the carriage to extend forward and backward.  
         [0057]    Referring to FIG. 6, a left side view of the carriage  310  with the pinion driven telescoped arm rail  216  fully extended to the front. The pinion driven telescoped arm  216  is shown in its fully extended front position with the mechanical finger members  218  extended downward which is the position of the arm and mechanical fingers when the combination has fully displaced a box off of the carriage platform onto the conveyor  112  (see FIG. 1). The arm  216  comprises an outer arm rack member  601  and an inner arm rack member  603 . The two rack members  601  and  603  are adjacent to one another and are connected by a telescoping tongue and groove interface such that the two rack members translate with regard to one another in a telescoping fashion. There are left and right inner arm rack members  603  and left and right outer arm rack members  601 . The left and right inner/outer telescoping arm pairs are attached by a bridging member such that the left and right arms are extended and retracted in unison. It is noted that there is a left and right rack and pinion telescoping arm  216 . The left and right arms operate in the same manner. Therefore, for the purpose of this specification, one reference number is used to identify both the left and right members of the arm  216 . The telescoped rack members  601  and  603  have a plurality of pinion interfacing teeth  600  and  602  that engage their respective pinion drive gear members whereby said gears control the extension and the retraction of the arms. Item  612  is the axle connection to the carriage chassis on which a pinion drive gear rotates for the outer rack and pinion drive gear  902  interface (see FIG. 9) which engages the plurality of pinion interfacing teeth  600 . Pinion gear  902  is used to drive outer rack arm  601 . Item  632  shows the axle connection of the inner rack pinion gear  1010  (see Fig. 10 b ) to the outer rack arm, about which it rotates freely. The inner rack pinion gear  1010  engages the inner rack and pinion interfacing teeth  602  of the inner rack  603  and the fixed rack pinion interfacing teeth  630  of fixed rack  628 . This doubling engagement between the teeth  630  of the fixed rack  628  and the teeth  602  of the inner rack arm member  603  act as a drive means for inner arm  603  when the outer arm is actively being driven. Gear  1010  is an un-powered follower which transfers drive to retract and extend arm  603 . Member  634  is shown which is an attach point for a stopping means that prevents over extension of the inner arm.  
         [0058]    Also shown in FIG. 6, are the digital cameras  604  and  606  which are utilized to identify the individual boxes which are to be lumped and picked. A digital image of the code on a given box is taken and compared to a stored digital image of the correct code.  
         [0059]    [0059]FIG. 6 also shows a telescoped arm  614  which extends and thereby extends the (skid conveyor drive) gear  300  such that it engages an interfacing skid conveyor gear  226  (see FIG. 2) on the flow through bins that allows the stowing and retrieval of empty skids.  
         [0060]    Item  628  of FIG. 6 is a fixed pinion rack having teeth members  630 . The fixed rack pinion interfacing teeth members  630  engage an interfacing inner rack and pinion gear  1010  thereby providing a means for the inner rack arm to move forward and backward along said fixed pinion rack  628 . Item  629  is a guide means for arm  601 .  
         [0061]    Member  624  is one of a plurality of wheels or bearings that engages the carriage bracket track  509  (see FIG. 5) as discussed previously. The entire carriage  310  can translate forward or backward along said tracks  509 . Carriage pinion gear  610  provides the drive means to allow the carriage to translate front and back by engaging carriage rack member  508  (see FIG. 5).  
         [0062]    The skid track prongs  306  and  620  of the carriage platform extend just beyond the platform such that they engage stationary objects adjacent to the carriage when the carriage is extended forward and backward along the rack  508 . When the plurality of prongs  306  and  620  engage an adjacent fixed object the carriage is thereby stabilized by said engagement. Also during the picking operation the plurality of track prongs  306  will engage the side of a lower box when a box that is stacked on top of the lower box is being removed by the item handling system. This engagement provides a two-fold purpose in that it stabilizes the carriage but also it prevents the lower box from moving due to the force of friction caused by the translation of the box that is stacked on top of the lower box. A fifth motor  622  is shown which is the drive means for the skid ejector pulley means  626  which will be detailed further when referencing FIG. 6A.  
         [0063]    Referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B, the details of the skid handling system is shown. FIG. 6A exposes the internal pulley ejector system  640  which positions the pulley ejector hook  642  to hook an empty skid and pull it onto the carriage platform. The hook  642  hooks in a recessed area  644  on the bottom side of the skid  646 . FIG. 6B details the hook  642  to skid  646  interface. In operation, the hook is advanced toward a stowed skid and the hook is positioned slightly beneath the skid and is raised to hook in a recessed area of the skid. The hook is advanced by using the pulley system and extending the carriage. The vertical position of the hook can be varied by raising or lowering the carriage. Once the hook is in the recessed area, the hook can be retracted by the pulley thereby pulling the skid onto the carriage platform.  
         [0064]    Referring to FIG. 7, a left side view of the carriage with the pinion driven telescoped arm in the fully stowed position.  
         [0065]    Referring to FIG. 8, a left side view of the carriage is shown with the telescoped pinion driven arm fully extended to the rear to a position whereby the finger members  218  can be lowered behind a box to be picked out of the flow through storage bins.  
         [0066]    Referring to FIG. 9, a top right side rear perspective view of the carriage  310  is shown. The carriage platform performs multiple functions for the overall item handling system. The primary functions are retrieving boxes from the flow through storage bins and storing boxes in the flow through storage bins. The carriage system  310  incorporates multiple electrical motors that power various functions within the carriage system. A third carriage motor  202  powers the carriage pinion gear  610 . Pinion gear  610  is the pinion interface for the rack and pinion mechanical system that allows the carriage to translate along carriage rack member  508  rack (see FIG. 5) for backward and forward movement of the entire carriage system. A second electrical arm motor  204  powers the pinion gear  902 . Pinion gear  902  is the power source for the rack and pinion telescope arm system that allows for retrieval and placement of boxes.  
         [0067]    The rack and pinion arm system entails outer/inner arm telescoped rack members  601  and  603 . There are two such arm systems within the carriage system that are disposed on opposing sides of the carriage. As stated previously, each arm has two rack members  601  and  603 . The rack members have a telescoping interface along the tongue and groove junction  919 . This tongue and groove junction  919  provides for the telescoping alignment of the two rack members  601  and  603 . Outer arm rack member  601  maintains a telescoping alignment with the overall carriage chassis by way of an arm guide tongue and groove junction  629 . The arm guide member  629  makes up the tongue portion of the tongue and groove junction and acts as a support and alignment member for the inner rack arm member  603 . Rack arm members  601  and  603  both have a plurality of pinion interfacing teeth,  600  and  602  respectively, to form the rack and pinion interface. Therefore, the complete rack and pinion interface consists of the pinion drive gear  902  which interfaces with the pinion interfacing teeth  600  thereby driving the translation of rack member  601 . Rack member  601  also consists of a pinion following gear (not shown) which is attached to rack  601  by an axle member  612 . The inner rack and pinion following gear  1010  (see FIG. 10B) rotates about said axle  612 . The pinion gear  1010  engages the plurality of pinion interfacing teeth  602  of rack member  603 . Simultaneously, the pinion gear  1010  engages the pinion interfacing teeth  630  of fixed rack member  628 , referring to FIG. 6. Therefore, the drive power provided by pinion gear  902  is transferred by way of pinion gear  1010  attached by axle  612  to rack member  603  because of the engagement to the plurality of pinion interfacing teeth  602  and the pinion interfacing teeth  630  of the fixed rack member  628 . The telescoping rack arm as described will move in conjunction with the identical telescoping arm that is disposed on the opposite side of the carriage assembly. This is made possible by the bridging arm and finger frame assembly  412  which connects the two opposing arms.  
         [0068]    The bridging frame member has a plurality of mechanical finger members  218  attached. The mechanical fingers are attached to the bridge arm and finger assembly member  412  at a point within a recessed volume  304  of the bridge frame member. The plurality of fingers  218  are attached by axle members  908 . The finger members  218  are adapted to rotate by a drive means about said axle member  908 . The finger members  218  are powered by independent electrical motors housed within the bridge frame member  412 . Each finger member motor is independently controlled. The finger member” rotation is fully variable within a range of 0 to 90°. The 0 ° position is in the fully retracted position whereby the finger member is positioned within the recessed volume  304 . The 90° is the position when the finger member is rotated fully down at a right angle to the bridge frame member  412 . Control for the finger members and the electrical power is provided by the bus interface line  400 . The bus interface  400  is a flexible cable assembly that electrically interfaces to the motors within the bridge frame member  412 . The bus line interface  400  receives its electrical interface from the communication strip  402  and support structure which is in connection with the on-board controller.  
         [0069]    The carriage platform consists of a plurality of parallel skid tracks  409 . The skid tracks  409  are supported by a plurality of parallel crossing members  410 . The skid tracks  409  extend beyond the plurality of support members  410  to form a plurality of prongs  306 . The prongs  306  are utilized to press against stationary boxes or other objects as described previously. The plurality of prongs are also used when a box is being removed from a top row of boxes. During this transaction the prongs are pressed against the boxes on the lower row when a box is being removed from the top row. This prevents the bottom box from sliding due to the friction interface between the top box and the bottom box.  
         [0070]    Skid conveyor drive gear  300  is powered by skid drive motor  302 . Skid conveyor drive gear  300  is utilized to engage an interfacing gear  226  which is operatively attached to the belt conveyor  222  (see FIG. 2) which stows empty skids. The gear  300  is attached to the telescoping rod  614  such that the gear can be extended forward towards an interfacing gear  226  (see FIG. 2) such that engagement can be obtained.  
         [0071]    Here, in FIG. 9, the telescoping outer and inner arms  601  and  603  are shown fully extended off the rear of the carriage. Referring to FIG. 10 the same view of the carriage is shown with the arm retracted to a center position. Also FIG. 10 shows the finger members  218  in their fully retracted 0° position within the recessed volume  304  of the arm and bridge frame assembly  412 .  
         [0072]    Referring to FIG. 10A and 10B the top and rear views of the carriage is shown. The pinion gear  1010  is more clearly shown in FIG. 10B. The fixed rack member  628  interface to gear  1010  is also more clearly shown by this view. The alignment of gear  902  with arm  601  is more clearly shown in FIG. 10A.  
         [0073]    Referring to FIG. 11 a right front perspective view of the flow through bin (with a portion of the frame members cut away for clarity) is shown. The flow through bin system  1100  consists of a plurality of frame members that are both vertically and horizontally orientated and that are attached in such a manner to create a bin space for storage of boxes. This flow through bin system  1100  as shown in FIG. 11 has two bin spaces  1102  and  1104  which are vertically orientated with respect to one another. Each flow through bin  1102  and  1104  incorporate a pair of skate roller track conveyor members  220 . The skate roller track conveyor  220  has a downward grade toward the front end of the flow through bin and this downward grade allows items resting on the skate conveyor to convey toward the front end of the flow through bin. The skate conveyor consists of a pair of rail members and a plurality of skate roller members  1108 . A skid, as shown by item  1110 , rests on top of the skate roller track conveyor  220 . Boxes (not shown in this view) are stacked on top of skid  1110  two or more rows high. Therefore, there are typically at least two rows of boxes that are stacked on top of skid  1110  and the rows of boxes are typically three to four boxes wide. The downward grade of the skid roller track conveyor  220  causes the skid and the boxes resting on top of the skid to convey toward the front of the flow through bin until it engages a skid index lifting mechanism (see FIG. 13). When all the boxes have been removed from a skid  1110 , the skid is removed from the flow through bin and stowed in stacked racks  1112  or  1114  of empty skid stow rack  224 . The skid  1110  is removed from the flow through bin by extending hook  642  (refer to FIG. 6) of the carriage system under the skid such that the hook member hooks at a recessed area  644  (see FIG. 6) on the bottom side of said skid and then the hook is retracted thereby pulling the skid onto the carriage platform. The telescoping arm and finger combination can be used to assist in pushing the skid off the carriage into one of the stacked racks  1112  or  1114  of the skid storage rack  224 . The carriage can then extend gear  300  to engage gear  226  of the storage bin to power the skid conveyor thereby conveying the skids to the desired rear-most position.  
         [0074]    The empty skids that have been stowed in stacked racks  1112  and  1114  can be retrieved from said racks by utilizing the skid hook. The conveyor belt  222  can be powered by engaging gear  226  with a driving mechanism. Therefore, gear  226  is engaged by a mating drive gear thereby powering conveyor belt  222 . Conveyor drive belt  222  has dog members that can be positioned behind an individual skid such that the skid can be pushed to the rear most position of the rack  1112  or  1114 . Therefore, when an empty skid is required due to the fact that all skids are at maximum capacity, an empty skid can be retrieved from the rack  1112  or  1114  and reinserted into the flow through storage bin utilizing the skid hook and the telescoping pinioned arms and finger members as needed.  
         [0075]    Referring to FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, a rear right side perspective view of the skid index lifting mechanism and a right side view are shown, respectively. The skid index lifting mechanism is an integral part of the flow through storage bin system. The skid index mechanism is utilized to maintain a gap between the skid of boxes in the front picking position and the next skid of boxes in line for picking. The mechanism comprises a skid lifting portion that triggers a skid indexing portion. The skid lifting portion is a spring loaded mechanism (or some other mechanism to generate an upward lifting force like a weighted balance) that is depressed when a skid with boxes placed on it is conveyed to the front picking position thereby placing the skid weighted down with boxes on top of the lift mechanism whereby the depression of the lift mechanism triggers the indexing portion to stop the conveyance of the next skid thereby leaving adequate space between the front skid and the next skid in line. This space allows mechanical fingers or other mechanical devices to be lowered behind boxes in the picking position. When the last box is removed from the front skid, the weight of the empty skid is overcome by the force of the lift mechanism thereby slightly raising the empty skid for removal. Once the empty skid is removed thereby removing all weight from the lift mechanism the indexer is released to allow the next skid loaded with boxes to be conveyed to the front position on top of the lift mechanism thereby depressing the lift mechanism and triggering the indexing means.  
         [0076]    In the preferred embodiment, skid indexing mechanism  1200  comprises several parts. There are two parallel first and second glide members  1202  and  1204  spaced apart and connected there between by a bar member  1206  that perpendicularly extends between the glide members. Each of the two glide members are attached on opposing ends of the bar member by an axle member  1208  about which the glide rotates. Axle member  1208  can optionally co-axially extend continuously through bar member  1206  and rotate freely within said bar member and glide members  1202  and  1204  affixed thereto. As a second alternative, glide members  1202  and  1204  can have separate independent axle members. However, it is preferred that the glide members rotate synchronously with respect to one another. Therefore, an axle member that coaxially extends continuously through bar member  1206  is a preferred embodiment. In the preferred embodiment each of the glide members has its center of gravity offset to one side of the respective axle members. Therefore, when the skid is removed the glides tilt downward on the side closest the oncoming conveyance of skids, thereby positioning the glide member for the next skid. The bar member is threaded through a pair of first and second T-shaped bushing members  1210  and  1212  which provide the junction between the bar member and the pair of lift arms  1214  and  1216 . The leg portion of each of the two T-shaped bushing members  1210  and  1212  are adapted to receive lift arms  1216  and  1214  as shown in this embodiment as a cylindrical tube co-axially received into an opening of the leg of the bushing. Each of the lift arms are co-axially joined on the opposing end to the legs of T-shaped bushings  1218  and  1220 . T-shaped bushing  1218  co-axially surrounds axial bar member  1222 . Axial bar member  1222  extends between a pair of bearings  1226  and  1224  and is co-axially threaded through T-shaped bushing  1220 ; T-shaped bushing  1240 ; T-shaped bushing  1234 ; transfer bar member  1232 ; and T-shaped bushing  1218 .  
         [0077]    T-shaped bushing  1218  has a keyed lift transfer tab adapted to insert into keyed slot  1231  of lift transfer sleeve  1231  which is firmly attached to transfer bar  1232  where said transfer bar  1232  is firmly attached on the opposing end to an arm of T-shaped bushing  1234 . The leg of T-shaped bushing is in turn firmly attached to indexing bar  1236 . Therefore, when lift arm  1214  is pushed downward in the direction of arrow  1215 , the T-shaped bushing  1218  is rotated about axial member  1222  in the direction of arrow  1219  thereby forcing the keyed lift transfer tab against a side of the keyed slot  1231 , thereby forcing the rotation of sleeve  1230  and transfer bar  1232  about axial bar  1222  in the direction of arrow  1233 . This rotation forces the indexing arm  1236  upward in the direction of arrow  1237 , thereby spacing back the next oncoming skid of boxes with indexing member  1228 . Transfer bar member  1232  is threaded through bushings  1240 ,  1234  and sleeve  1230  and is firmly attached to each. Bushings  1218  and  1220  rotate about axial bar member  1222  on a spring-loaded bearing where the spring loading is such that it applies a force to rotate lift arms upward when no opposing load is provided. Bar member  1222  acts as an axle member that is attached to a pair of bearings  1224  and  1226  on opposing ends. Indexing arm  1236  is raised or lowered based on the glide member position. When the lift arms are pushed downward due to the weight of the skid the indexing arm is triggered to lift up to prevent the next skid from conveying forward. Referring to FIG. 13, when the skid is empty the lift arms are raised and when the skid is removed the glides rotate downward and the indexer is lowered allowing the next skid to convey forward.  
         [0078]    The sequence of events is such that when a skid, containing boxes thereon, is resting on the two parallel glide members  1202 - 1   204 , and the glide members, along with bar member  1206  is forced downward. Bar member  1206  is welded to the pair of T-shaped bushing members  1210  and  1212 . The pair of lift arms  1214  and  1216  extend from the legs of the T-shaped bushing  1212  and  1210  to a second pair of T-shaped bushings  1218  and  1220  on the opposing side. The second pair of T-shaped bushings,  1218  and  1220 , each rotate on a spring-loaded bearing member about an axle member  1222 . The crossing axle member  1222  extends between the pair of bearing members  1224  and  1226 . The rotation of the second pair of T-shaped bushing members  1218  and  1220  about the axle member  1222 , is caused by a pair of spring-loaded bearing members where the force of the spring causes an upward rotation of the second pair of T-shaped bushing members, such that the lift arms are rotated upward. However, as noted when a skid with boxes thereon is resting on the pair of parallel guide members, the pair of parallel guide members, along with the lift arms, are forced downward because the force of the spring-loaded bearing is overcome. As the lift arms are rotated downward, and likewise the second pair of T-shaped bushings are rotated downward, the indexing arm at  1236  is rotated upward and the indexing member,  1228  prevents the next skid from advancing. The upward rotation of indexing arm  1236  is accomplished by the interface between the notched sleeve  1230  and one of the second pair of tabbed T-shaped members  1218 . The T-shaped member  1218  has a protrusion, or tab (not shown) that extends into a drilled slot  1231  of sleeve  1230  such that when the T-shaped member  1218  is rotated, there is a related rotation of the slotted sleeve  1230  when the tab or protrusion of T-shaped bushing member  1218  contacts a sidewall of the drilled slot, thereby forcing rotation of the slotted sleeve and all other members fixed thereto. Slotted sleeve  1230  is attached to transfer bar member  1232  which, in turn, is attached to lift arm  1236  by T-shaped bushing  1234 . It is this interface that causes the indexing arm  1236  to rotate upward when the lift arms and parallel glide members are forced downward. Once all boxes have been removed from the skid, the rotational force of the spring-loaded bearing member is capable of lifting the skid sufficiently for removal. Once the skid has been removed, the spring forces the lift arms and parallel glide members to their most upward position. This rotation of the lift arms to the most upward position, allows the transfer bar member  1232  and indexing arm  1236  to freely rotate downward about axle member  1222 , thereby allowing the next skid load of boxes to advance to the most forward position. Once the skid loaded with boxes is at it most forward position, they are resting on the parallel glide members thereby forcing the glide members to rotate downward along with the lift arms. This, in turn, allows the indexing arm to be raised upward to prevent the advancement of the subsequent skid.  
         [0079]    Indexing member  1228  is adapted with a roller  1238  to facilitate advancement of an oncoming skid. Counter-balance member  1242  is a counter balance to hold the indexing arm in the upward position. FIG. 13 illustrates the range of motion of the indexing mechanism  1200 .  
         [0080]    Referring to FIG. 14, a top bird”s eye view of the storage area layout  1400  is shown. Two rows of flow through storage racks  1402  are shown. A portion of the conveyor  112  is shown which circles the storage racks. Lumping station  1404  is shown where boxes to be lumped are kicked off the lumping conveyor to the designated lumping station. A remote vehicle  102  will retrieve the item from the lumping station and lump it in the appropriate bin. The lumping end  1406  and the picking end  1408  of the flow through bin  1410  is shown. The boxes are retrieved from the lumping station in the most efficient manner. The key objective is to selectively remove boxes from the lumping station so that the vehicle can have a maximum load of boxes that all go to the same bin or nearby bins.  
         [0081]    The operation of the remote vehicle is best understood by describing the operation sequence for the two basic remote vehicle functions, picking and lumping. For picking, once the remote vehicle arrives at the proper bin location on the picking side of the flow through storage bins, the telescoping rack and pinion arms reach into the bin over the top row of boxes. The use of the independently actuated fingers permit anywhere from one to four boxes to be picked from a bin row depending on the order requirements. The last skid of boxes on the picking side, which is the forward most skid, is spaced out approximately four inches from the rest of the skids to the rear of the bin to permit the independently actuated fingers to be inserted down behind the boxes for picking. Once the appropriate number of independently actuated fingers have been lowered behind the appropriate number of boxes, the telescoping arm is retracted thereby pulling the boxes onto the remote vehicle carriage. The carriage is then elevated to the proper vertical position for discharge of the boxes to one of the picking conveyors. Once the carriage is positioned for discharge, the telescoping arms continue to retract across the table and thereby discharging the boxes from the remote vehicle carriage onto the picking conveyor.  
         [0082]    When picking a large number of boxes from a single location this sequence of positioning the carriage to the first available row of boxes in the selected bin, pulling boxes onto the carriage, repositioning the carriage to the conveyor and then discharging the boxes is repeated sequentially until the required number of boxes is removed from the flow through storage bin. However, orders may require less than a full row of boxes to be removed from a bin. Therefore, the local central process controller will keep a record of the boxes remaining in the first bin stack so that the remote vehicle will know where to start removing boxes the next time it is sent to that particular bin.  
         [0083]    On the lumping side of the operation, the sequence is similar, but there are some differences which must be dealt with. One difference is that at a single lumping station there may be more than one product arriving at a given time. This means that the remote vehicle may need to selectively remove boxes from the lumping conveyor so that it can load boxes that all go to the same bin. If there are not enough boxes to fill the remote vehicle carriage that need to go to the same bin, the remote vehicle would then select boxes that are going to nearby bins. The goal of this effort is to minimize the travel requirements and optimize the cycle time for the remote vehicle system. Once the remote vehicle has filled the carriage, it moves to the appropriate bin, positions the carriage at the proper height and discharges the boxes into the bin. In cases where a row has not been filled, the remote would selectively discharge boxes to fill that row and then reposition the table to discharge any remaining boxes.  
         [0084]    In view of the foregoing, it will be seen that the stated objects of the invention are achieved. The above description explains the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. As various modifications could be made in the constructions and methods herein described and illustrated without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the foregoing description shall be interpreted as illustrative rather than limiting. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the abovedescribed exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims appended hereto and their equivalents.  
         [0085]    All patents, if any, referenced herein are incorporated in their entirety for purposes of background information and additional enablement.