Abstract:
The present invention relates to phosphated derivatives of castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil as well as phosphated esters of ricinoleic acid. The inclusion of the phosphate group results in improved water solubility and a series of dispersants and emulsifiers that provide excellent pigment dispersing properties.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to phosphated derivatives of castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil as well as phosphated esters of ricinoleic acid. The inclusion of the phosphate group results in improved water solubility and a series of dispersants and emulsifiers that provide excellent pigment dispersing properties. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Castor oil is a unique triglyceride. It is derived from Ricinus communis L. The castor plant grows wild in many subtropical and tropical areas. Today Brazil, China and India provide over 90% of the oil. Castor oil contains a large content of hydroxy containing compounds that are unsaturated. 
     Castor Oil is a clear, viscous, light colored fluid that is nondrying and quite stable. The Purity of Castor Oil occurs with remarkable uniformity. Regardless of country of origin, or season it is grown, the composition and chemical properties remain within a very narrow range. Castor Oil has broad compatibility with oils, waxes, natural resins, and gums. 
     Another unique aspect of castor oil is the high level of ricinoleic acid in the molecule. Castor oil contains 89% of the acid, which conforms to the following structure;                           
     When hydrogenated the double bond is lost giving hydrogenated ricinoleic, or 12-hydroxy stearic acid.                           
     When the acids derived from castor (ricinoleic acid) are reacted with alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms the resulting esters are also suitable candidates for phosphation.                           
     wherein R is CH 3 —(CH 2 ) n — and n is an integer ranging from 5 to 21. 
     When the acids derived from hydrogenated castor (12-hydroxy-stearic acid) are reacted with alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms the resulting esters are also suitable candidates for phosphation.                           
     wherein R is CH 3 —(CH 2 ) n — and n is an integer ranging from 5 to 21. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a series of compounds in which the hydroxyl group in alkyl group of castor is phosphated, resulting in a surface-active agent that has outstanding pigment dispersing properties. Included within this definition of castor compounds are castor oil (a triglyceride), hydrogenated castor oil, ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid compounds. 
     The invention also relates to the utilization of these phosphated materials as surface-active agents in personal care and industrial applications. These materials function as pigment wetters, and emulsifiers. As pigment wetters the compounds of the present invention coat the hydrophobic pigment making is disperse in aqueous dispersions, for formulation in products in which the color is desired. The compounds of the present invention have the proper balance of water loving and oil loving portions to allow for the formation of very stable pigment dispersions. 
     OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION 
     It is the objective of the present invention to provide surface active agents derived from the phosphation of castor oil, hydrogenated castor oils or esters derived there from. The surface-active agents are outstanding pigment dispersants. Additionally, the objective of the present invention is the utilization of the compounds of the present invention with pigments to make dispersions of outstanding stability. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In one particular aspect of the present invention, castor oil is phosphated using poly phosphoric acid (PPA). The resulting product ranges from water dispersible, when only one of the three hydroxyl groups is phosphated, to water soluble when all three are phosphated. 
     In one aspect the compounds of the present invention are phosphated trglycerides conforming to the following structure                           
     wherein; 
     R is selected from the group consisting of —(CH 2 ) 2 — and —CH—CH—; 
     R 1  is —P(O)—(OH) 2    
     R 2  and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of H and —P(O)—(OH) 2 . 
     One subset set of this generic set compounds of the present invention conforms to the following structure based upon hydrogenated castor oil;                           
     wherein; 
     R 1  is —P(O)—(OH) 2    
     R 2  and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of H and —P(O)—(OH) 2 . 
     Another subset of compounds of the present invention is based upon castor oil and conforms to the following structure;                           
     wherein; 
     R 1  is —P(O)—(OH) 2    
     R 2  and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of H and —P(O)—(OH) 2 . 
     Another set of compounds conforms to the following structure;                           
     Finally, another set of compounds of the present invention conforms to the following structure;                           
     wherein R is CH 3 —(CH 2 ) n — and n is an integer ranging from 5 to 21. 
     The reaction with castor oil is as follows;                           
     The reaction for the hydrogenated castor is identical to that of the castor, except the double bond is not present. This results in a phosphated castor wax. The reaction proceeds as follows:                           
     The changing of the amount of PPA will allow for phosphating the remaining hydroxyl groups resulting in a di-phosphate (if 2 equivalents of PPA are used), or a tri-fosfate (if 3 equivalents of PPA are used) 
     Phosphated ricinoleic acid ester conform to the following structure                           
     wherein; 
     R is —(CH 2 )n—CH 3    
     R 1  is —P(O)—(OH) 2    
     n is an integer ranging from 5 to 21. 
     Phosphated 12-hydroxy stearic acid esters conform to the following structure                           
     wherein; 
     R is —(CH 2 )n—CH 3    
     R 1  is —P(O)—(OH) 2    
     n is an integer ranging from 5 to 21 
     PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In a preferred embodiment the phosphated compounds belong to class 1 and conforming to the following structure;                           
     wherein; 
     R 1  is —P(O)—(OH) 2    
     R 2  and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of H and —P(O)—(OH) 2 . 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 1 R 2  and R 3  are H. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 1 R 2  is —P(O)—(OH) 2  and R 3  is H. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 1 R 2  and R 3  are both —P(O)—(OH) 2    
     In a preferred embodiment of class 2 the phosphated compound conforming to the following structure                           
     wherein; 
     R 1  is —P(O)—(OH) 2    
     R 2  and R 3  are independently selected from the group consisting of H and —P(O)—(OH) 2 . 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 2 R 2  and R 3  are H. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 2 R 2  is —P(O)—(OH) 2  and R 3  is H. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 2 R 2  and R 3  are both —P(O)—(OH) 2    
     In a preferred embodiment of class 3 the phosphated compound conforming to the following structure                           
     wherin; 
     R is —(CH 2 )n—CH 3    
     R 1  is —P(O)—(OH) 2    
     n is an integer ranging from 5 to 21. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 3 n is 5. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 3 n is 11. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 3 n is 17. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 3 n is 21. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 4 the phosphated compound conforming to the following structure                           
     wherein; 
     R is —(CH 2 )n—CH 3 ; 
     R 1  —P(O)—(OH) 2 ; 
     n is an integer ranging from 5 to 21. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 3 n is 5. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 3 n is 11. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 3 n is 17. 
     In a preferred embodiment of class 3 n is 21. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 
     Castor oil is an item of commerce and is commercially available from a variety of sources including the Fanning Corporation of Chicago Ill. 
     Polyphosphoric Acid is an item of commerce and is sometimes called 115% phosphoric acid. 
     Ricinoleic esters are items of commerce and are commercially available from Phoenix Chemical, Somerville, N.J.. They conform to the following structure:                           
     wherein; 
     R is —(CH 2 )n—CH 3    
     n is an integer ranging from 5 to 21 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Example 
                 n 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Raw Material 1 
                  5 
               
               
                   
                 Raw Material 2 
                 11 
               
               
                   
                 Raw Material 3 
                 17 
               
               
                   
                 Raw Material 4 
                 21 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     12-hydroxy stearic acid esters are items of commerce and are commercially available from Phoenix Chemical, Somerville, N.J.. They conform to the following structure:                           
     R is —(CH 2 )n—CH 3    
     n is an integer ranging from 5 to 21. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Example 
                 n 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Raw Material 5 
                  5 
               
               
                   
                 Raw Material 6 
                 11 
               
               
                   
                 Raw Material 7 
                 17 
               
               
                   
                 Raw Material 8 
                 21 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Phosphating Agents 
     Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) is 115% phosphoric acid. The phosphates of this invention can be prepared by reacting the hydroxyl containing with a suitable Polyphosphoric acid. It will be understood that the product of phosphation, is a mixture of mono and di-ester. 
     The following examples further illustrate the objects and advantages of this invention, though it should be understood that the various reactants and amounts thereof, reaction conditions, and other details are merely illustrative and should not be construed to unduly limit this invention. 
     General Procedure 
     The specified amount of castor derivative is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The specified amount of polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 1 
     Castor Oil Product (Only One Hydroxyl Group on the Triglyceride Phosphated) 
     939.0 grams of castor oil is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 2 
     Castor Oil Product (Two of the Three Hydroxyl Groups on the Triglyceride Phosphated) 
     626.6 grams of castor oil is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 3 
     Castor Oil Product (All Three Hydroxyl Groups on the Triglyceride Phosphated) 
     313.3 grams of castor oil is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 4 
     Hydrogenated Castor Oil Product (Only One Hydroxyl Group on the Triglyceride Phosphated) 
     933.0 grams of hydrogenated castor oil is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 5 
     Hydrogenated Castor Oil Product (Two of the Three Hydroxyl Groups on the Triglyceride Phosphated) 
     622.0 grams of hydrogenated castor oil is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 6 
     Hydrogenated Castor Oil Product (All Three Hydroxyl Groups on the Triglyceride Phosphated) 
     311.0 grams of hydrogenated castor oil is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 7 
     522.5 grams of castor oil is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 8 
     Ricinoleic Esters 
     800.0 grams of ricinoleic ester Raw Material Example 1 is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 9 
     972.0 grams of ricinoleic ester Raw Material Example 2 is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 10 
     1320.0 grams of ricinoleic ester Raw Material Example 3 is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 11 
     Ricinoleic Ester 
     1600.0 grams of ricinoleic ester Raw Material Example 4 is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 12 
     12-hydroxy-stearic ester 
     802.0 grams of 12-hydroxy stearic ester Raw Material Example 5 is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 13 
     12-hydroxy-stearic ester 
     1010.0 grams of 12-hydroxy stearic ester Raw Material Example 6 is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 14 
     12-hydroxy-stearic ester 
     1410.0 grams of 12-hydroxy stearic ester Raw Material Example 7 is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Example 15 
     12-hydroxy-stearic ester 
     666.6 grams of 12-hydroxy stearic ester Raw Material Example 8 is added to a suitable reaction vessel. The 114 grams of Polyphosphoric acid is charged to under good agitation over a 2 hr. period, under good agitation. The exothermic reaction raises the temperature of the mixture to about 70 C. After 1 hour slowly raise the temperature to 100 C. and hold 2-4 hours. 
     Applications Examples 
     The compounds of the present invention examples 1-15 are water dispersible to varying extents depending upon the percentage of phosphate in the molecule. The lower the amount of phosphate in the molecule the more castor oil soluble the product. The higher the amount of the phosphate present the more water-soluble the product. The compounds make very efficient emulsifiers. Low percentage phosphate products favor water in oil emulsions, the higher the level of phosphate favor oil in water emulsions. 
     The compounds of the present invention are also very efficient pigment dispersants. The pigments used in color cosmetics are ground into low particle size in an oil phase. The phosphated products of the present invention allow for effective grinding and promote coatings that allow for easy dispersion in emulsions for use in personal care products. 
     While the illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described with particularity, it will be understood that various other modifications will be apparent to and can be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims appended hereto be limited to the examples and descriptions set forth hereinabove but rather that the claims be construed as encompassing all the features of patentable novelty which reside in the present invention, including all features which would be treated as equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.