Abstract:
A surgical motor designed to for power, noise and heat reduction for powering surgical tools where the surgical motor is modular constructed to house the vane motor for generating power in one module and the chuck and output shaft in the other module. A coupling mechanism for transmitting rotary motion from the vane motor to the output shaft includes balls made from elastomeric material to reduce vibrations and noise. The vane motor includes vanes that are contoured on the bottom edge, the spindle is undercut adjacent the vanes and peripheral edge of the spindle is grooved to enhance power, the inlet opening to the vanes are repositioned to increase the volume of inlet air, the inner surface is contoured to define a crescent seal adjacent to the spindle outer surface, the inlet and outlet to the spindle are repositioned to increase the power stroke of the vane, the discharge holes are oriented so that the vane edge sees a uniform contact surface during each revolution, the cylinder includes flow passages for cooling the cylinder and for flowing a portion of the air over the support bearings mounted downstream of the cylinder and including a return passageway to feed the inlet holes so that all pressurized inlet air are directed to impinge on the vanes and seal means, one made operable in situ and the other operating adjacent the inner race of the bearing prevents leakage of oil into ambient and into path of the surgical tool and the surgical motor includes an insert housing radially spaced from the main housing defining an air gap for reducing heat and the in the handle and resilient mounting means to isolate the vibrations to reduce noise and a thrust path bypassing the vane motor.

Description:
[0001]     This application claims the benefits under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of the U.S. provisional patent application 60/567,188 filed on Apr. 30, 2004. 
     
    
     CROSS REFERENCES  
       [0002]     This invention relates to a the pneumatic motor that is designed be used in an MRI environment SURGICAL MOTOR USED WITH MRI, and is commonly assigned to The Anspach Effort, Inc. and was invented by myself and identified as Attorney Docket No. N943NP, and was filed as a provisional application 60/567,189 on Apr. 30, 2004 and is incorporated herein by reference.  
       FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH  
       [0003]     None.  
       TECHNICAL FIELD  
       [0004]     This invention relates to pneumatic motors for use by surgeons for performing surgical procedures that are typical in general surgery, neurosurgery, endoscopic, arthroscopic and the like and more particular to an improved pneumatic motor.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     To best understand this invention, it is helpful to know that the pneumatic motor of this invention is intended to replace three existing pneumatic surgical motors being manufactured and sold by the assignee and are well known in the medical industry as Black Max, Micro Max and Micro Max Plus and all of which are incorporated herein by reference. These prior art motors have been specifically developed for the medical industry and each in their own right have their own uniqueness. For example, the Black Max is a heavy duty motor that is more powerful and larger than the other two motors, but is heavier, hotter, noisier and vibrates more than these other motors. The Micro Max, supra, was developed to reduce the size, noise, vibration and heat and essentially be more gentle for use by the surgeon and likewise, has developed a niche in the industry. Obviously, the power is reduced. However, this motor for some medical procedures does not meet the needs of the surgeons because it lacked the necessary power which gave rise to the Micro Max Plus motor, which, again, has more power than the Micro Max but, yet, less power than the Black Max. The Micro Max Plus falls in the category of being more gentle for use by the surgeon but again, because of the increased power, heat, vibrations and weight of the Micro Max Plus (higher than the Micro Max but still lower than the Black Max) it, likewise, has gained a niche in the industry. A more technical way of looking at each of these motors is that the length of the cylinder supporting the vanes of the each of the motors are increased as a function of the power generated, namely, the lengths of the cylinders of the Black Max=1.0 inch (”), the Micro Max=¾” and the Micro Max Plus=½”.  
         [0006]     As one skilled in this technology will appreciate, the outside diameter of all of the well known commercially available pneumatic surgical motors including the ones noted in the above paragraphs are substantially equal and include a rotor that is driven by pressurized air for rotating a spindle that is rotatably supported by bearings in an outer housing that serves as the handle of the motor. All of these motors also include in some form or another the necessary seals, anti-rotational device, inlet and outlet for the pressurized air and means for lubricating the bearings and their support structures or internal housings.  
         [0007]     We have found that we can provide an improved pneumatic surgical motor that satisfies the requirements of all the functions of the three motors that are discussed in the above paragraphs, but is an improvement there over while providing higher power with a smaller cylinder than the one in the Black Max, is lighter than the smallest of these motors, is cooler, exhibits less vibrations, is quieter and is as gentle to handle as is the smallest of these three motors. To differentiate the motor of the present invention from the pneumatic motors mentioned in the above paragraphs and the heretofore known motors it will be hereinafter referred to as the Xmax motor.  
         [0008]     The following features of this invention discussed immediately below which are not to be construed as limitations thereto, contribute to the overall improvements to the inventive motor. 
        1. Smaller motor spherical ball bearing located at the fore end of the power cylinder provides a cavity within the housing to re-circulate the power cylinder&#39;s working compressed air which contributes to lowering the temperature of the bearing and affording improvements to the vibrations and heat characteristics.     2. Face seal disposed adjacent the inner race of the smaller bearing is deformed and cured in situ and enhances sealing of the air/lubricant mist in the motor housing, reduces heat generation and provides a sling action to the oil.     3. The vane on the spindle is designed to have increased vane working surface for augmenting the power of the motor.     4. Angled slots formed on the spindle to enhance the vanes ability to retract into the slot in opposition of centrifugal force so as to reduce friction and increase the life of the motor..     5. Exhaust holes formed in the cylinder discharging compressed air are judiciously located in columns to reduce wear and noise of the motor.     6. Cylinder input holes are oriented relative to the spindle vanes so as to increase input airflow acting on the vane&#39;s working surface.     7. The cylinder&#39;s inner surface adjacent to the outer surface of the spindle is off-set from round to define a crescent seal so as to increase the effectiveness of the spindle to cylinder gap seal and minimize lubrication requirements.     8. Slots in the cylinder formed adjacent to the inlet holes cool the cylinder before entering the vane motor.     9. A portion of the inlet air to the motor is diverted to flow to the front bearing and toward the aft end so as to air cool the front bearing housing and air cool the cylinder.     10. Provide cross over discharge holes to reduce noise by acoustical cancellation.     11. The motor housing is made from metallic material and may include an insert portion adjacent to where the surgeon will hold the motor an insert made from a heat resistant light weighted material so as to minimize the weight of the motor and afford comfort.     12. The modular construction of the motor includes an air gap between the outer surface of the motor housing and the insert motor housing which serves to provide cooling of the outer housing and isolates vibrations.     13. Modular construction where the insert motor housing is mounted on elastomeric mounts and utilizing the O-seal supporting the air inlet hose so as to reduce noise, temperature, vibration and facilitate assembly.     14. Coupling the motor to the output shaft with a resilient coupling to reduce vibration, noise, temperature and facilitate assembly.     15. Additional increased power is obtained by the orientation of the exhaust holes in the vane motor relative to the vane.     16. Isolation between motor and the lock shaft serves to assure that the axial loads generated by the cutter is isolated from the motor.        
 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0025]     An object of this invention is to provide an improved surgical motor utilized in medical procedures.  
         [0026]     The features of this surgical motor are enumerated in the above paragraphs and will be detailed hereinbelow.  
         [0027]     In addition to the aforementioned features this invention includes an improved sealing that is formed in situ, inclusion of slots on the cylinder for cooling, suspension of the insert motor case, resilient coupling of the output shaft to the motor drive, isolation of the motor and lock shaft so that vibration of the cutter are not transmitted to the motor and the invention is characterized as providing additional power without sacrificing size, is cooler, has good feel characteristics to the user, requires minimal lubrication and has increased operating life. Because of the modular design of the motor, the chuck portion of the motor where the attachment and cutting tools are attached can be removed without having to dismantle the remaining portion of the motor. This facilitates the maintenance where heretofore the motor had to be disassembled in order to work on the chuck portion, which requires more maintenance than the motor portion.  
         [0028]     The foregoing and other features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0029]     These figures merely serve to further clarify and illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope thereof.  
         [0030]      FIG. 1  is a longitudinal cut away sectional view showing the details of the motor of this invention and the chuck mechanism for attaching drill bits and various attachment assemblies;  
         [0031]      FIG. 1A  is an exploded view in perspective illustrating in full the motor and chuck and the swivel attachment of this invention;  
         [0032]      FIG. 2  is an exploded view illustrating the details of this invention;  
         [0033]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the cylinder of the vane motor of this invention;  
         [0034]      FIG. 3A  is an enlarged perspective view in elevation showing the details of the cooling slots of the cylinder depicted in  FIG. 3 ;  
         [0035]      FIG. 3B  is an enlarged perspective view in elevation showing the details of the discharge slots of the cylinder depicted in  FIG. 3 ;  
         [0036]      FIG. 3C  is a schematic illustration of the orientation of the discharge holes formed in the cylinder depicted in  FIG. 3  and a graph showing the vane displacement illustrating the surface/non-surface contact;  
         [0037]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the spindle of the vane motor depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ;  
         [0038]      FIG. 4A  is a sectional view taken along the longitudinal axis lines  4 A- 4 A of the spindle depicted in  FIG. 4 ;  
         [0039]      FIG. 4B  is a view taken along the lateral axis  4 B- 4 B showing the increased working area of the air flow acting on the vane and spindle depicted in  FIG. 4 ;  
         [0040]      FIG. 4C  is a view identical to the view depicted in  FIG. 4B  the distance between the cylinder inlet and the cylinder outlet illustrating the increased power stroke of the vane motor;  
         [0041]      FIG. 4D  is a schematic illustration of the relationship of the outer diameter of the spindle to the inner diameter of the cylinder showing a tangent point of contact (pinch point) in a prior art design;  
         [0042]      FIG. 4D   1  is identical to  FIG. 4D  where the inner surface of the cylinder adjacent to the pinch point is undercut in accordance with this invention to define a crescent shaped seal;  
         [0043]      FIG. 4E  is a view identical to the view in  FIG. 4C  illustrating the relationship of the inlet port of the cylinder to the vane of the spindle in a prior art configuration;  
         [0044]      FIG. 4E   1  is a view identical to the view depicted in  FIG. 4E  where the inlet holes are relocated downstream of the pinch point to increase the volume of air being admitted to the vanes so enhance the power of the motor;  
         [0045]      FIG. 5  is a schematic view illustrating the sealing arrangement for sealing the oil/air mist used in lubricating the vane motor depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 2  so as to prevent oil leakage;  
         [0046]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view of the motor adapter of the motor depicted in  FIG. 1  illustrating the inlet air holes and the outlet cross over air holes of this invention;  
         [0047]      FIG. 6A  is a sectional view taken along the longitudinal axis of the motor adapter depicted in  FIG. 6 ;  
         [0048]      FIG. 6B  is an end view of the motor adapter depicted in  FIG. 6 ;  
         [0049]      FIG. 7  is a sectional view of the soft couple nut depicted in  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0050]      FIG. 7A  is an end view of the soft couple nut depicted in  FIG. 7 ;  
         [0051]      FIG. 8  is a plan view of the soft couple ball depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; and  
         [0052]      FIG. 9  is the cutter spindle drive pin depicted in  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0053]     While this invention is being shown in its preferred embodiment having elements that are designed to meet certain specifications to improve on the surgical drill, it will be appreciated that some elements may undergo changes and replacements as the instrument is being developed and these changes will be in the scope of this invention.  
         [0054]     The invention can best be understood by referring to  FIGS. 1 and 2  showing the elements of the invention in an exploded view and then showing these same elements in the assembled condition comprising housing tube  1 , insert or inner housing  2 , motor or outer housing  3 , spindle  4 , coupling nut  5 , pawl driven or output shaft ( 6 ), seal/bearing housing  7 , isolation washer  8 , bearing  9 , support washer  10 , drive pin  11 , coupling ball  12 , motor adapter  13 , cylinder  14 , back plate  15 , machine screw  15 , wave washer  17 , bearing  18 , wave washer  19 , dowel pin  20 , torque pin pad  21 , seal  22  and  22   a , seal retaining nut  23 , vane  24 , spring  25 , pawls  26 , lock cylinder  27 , pawl release  28 , snap ring  29 , spring  30 , sleeve disconnect  31 , set screw  32 , housing pin  33 , O-ring  34 , roll pin  35 , pin  36 , seal  37 , O-ring  38 , linear seal  39 , swivel assembly  40  hose assembly  41  and set screw  42 .  
         [0055]     The surgical motor of this invention generally illustrated by reference numeral  51  includes essentially two major components, the motor or power generating module generally indicated by reference numeral  50  and the chuck portion module generally indicated by reference numeral  52 . The chuck portion may include an attachment section which is well known and utilized in any number of surgical motors as referenced as prior art motors and a chuck that secures the tool bit. Unless any element is specifically referred to and described herein all other elements that are well known in the art for the sake of convenience and simplicity will not be described in this application. However, for more details reference should be made to the Black Max, Micro Max Plus and the Micro Max motors available from the assignee and all of which are incorporated herein by reference or to any other well known commercially available surgical motor. The elements that will not be described in detailed are primarily in the chuck module. Suffice it to say that the chuck serves to automatically attach the surgical tool (not shown) by virtue of the pawls  26  in the housing tube  1  and releases the same by virtue of the operator sliding the chuck sleeve  31  in a given direction to open the pawls so as to release the shaft of the surgical tool. In this design the sleeve  31  can rotate slightly to keep the pawls  26  of the chuck opened.  
         [0056]     In accordance with this invention as best seem by  FIGS. 1, 1A  and  2 , the surgical motor generally illustrated by reference numeral  51  is made in module construction by including a motor housing  3  and an insert motor housing  2 . The motor housing  3  may include an outer sleeve  49  made from a plastic material mounted on the outer periphery of the fore end of housing  3  as shown in phantom as reference numeral  53  and may be included for the convenience of the surgeon. Without sleeve  53 , the motor housing  3  is contoured in a cylindrical shape and tapered at the fore end, with the housing tube  1  extending therefrom as shown in  FIG. 1A . The proximate end of the surgical tool fits into the housing tube  1  and the pawls  26  of chuck lock it in place. The pawls are extended when it is desired to remove the surgical tool. As noted from  FIG. 2 , in the assembled condition, the insert housing  2  is radially spaced from the motor housing ( 3 ) leaving an annular gap  54  that is filled with air. This air serves as an insulator to maintain a desirable heat and to absorb vibration to protect the outer surface of the motor housing  3  which is used as a handle for the surgeon when performing a surgical procedure.  
         [0057]     Insert housing  2  is attached to the motor housing  3  by the dowel pins  8  that fit into the pair of drilled holes formed in both housings. The end of pins  8  fit into the torque pin pads  21  made from an elastomeric material which, in turn fit into drilled holes  65  formed in the housing  3 . Obviously the torque pin pads  21  serves to isolate the insert motor from the motor housing  3  but also serves as an anti-rotation structure. The other end of the dowel pins  8  fit into the drilled holes formed at the end of the insert housing  2  to support the insert housing to the motor housing  3 . The washer  8  fits between the insert housing  2  and the motor housing  3  and is made from an elastomeric material and the dowel pins  20  are inserted into the holes  63  and this subassembly is locked into place by nut  5 . It is apparent from the foregoing that this subassembly serves to isolate the insert motor  2  from the motor housing  3  together with the O-seal  38  mounted in the motor adapter  13  located on the aft end of motor housing  3 . The O-ring  36  mounted in the motor adapter  13  and the washer  8  serves to minimize vibrations and reduce noise. In addition the soft couple balls  12  made from an elastomeric material affords further protection against undesirable vibrations and hence, noise reduction.  
         [0058]     Referring next to the power producing elements of the vane motor attention is drawn to  FIGS. 1, 2 ,  3 ,  3 A,  3 B,  3 C,  4 ,  4 A,  4 B,  4 C, As will be described in more detail hereinbelow the vane motor generally illustrated by reference numeral  55  is sandwiched between the soft couple nut  5  and the motor adapter  15  and essentially includes a cylinder  14 , spindle  4  and vanes  24  rotatably mounted in cylinder  14 . The spindle includes stub shafts  61  and  63  extending from the fore and aft faces thereof and both shafts are supported by a pair of commercially available ball bearings  9 . Because of the design characteristics of the vane motor, the ball bearings  9  are made smaller than what was required in heretofore design. The smaller bearings contribute to two features of the vane motor, 1) because they are smaller they create less noise and 2) the volume of the cavity adjacent the ball bearings  9  allows the ease of reversing the air flow of that portion of compressed air that passes over the cylinder and is returned into the cylinder as will be detailed hereinbelow. One edge of vanes  24  are crescent shape where the curved portion fits into the groove of the spindle and the other edge is flat which is exposed to the pressurized air as will be detailed in the description to follow.  
         [0059]     This portion of the application will describe the cylinder  14  and spindle  4  and the details that serve to increase the power, reduce friction, decrease wear so as to enhance life of the motor and reduce noise of the vane motor without having to increase its size and for that matter reducing the size in comparison to other heretofore known motors. As can be seen in  FIGS. 2, 4 ,  4 A,  4 B, and  4 C each of the vanes  24  fit into the four off-set slots  58  formed in spindle and adjacent to these slots are a series of three axially extending spaced grooves  60  that extend radially inwardly toward the center axis of the spindle  4 . The purpose of these grooves is to expose an additional working surface to the vane  24 . As illustrated by the arrows A depicted in  FIG. 4B  the additional surface area increases the rotational force of the air acting on the vane. Additional working surface for increasing the force of the air acting on the spindle is by the incorporation of the axial slots  62 . As seen by the arrow depicted in  FIG. 4B  the air impinges on the shoulder defined by the slot  62  to increase the force of air acting on the spindle. To reduce the friction of the vanes reciprocating into their respective slots, the slots  58  are displaced from the center line of the spindle  4 . Because the vector line of action of the centrifugal force passes through the center line by virtue of this arrangement of these slots being off-set from the center line, the impact of the centrifugal force acting on the vanes as they rotate and retreat back into their respective slots is lessened and this in a sense lessens the drag of the vanes as they rotate around the periphery of the inner surface of the cylinder  14 .  
         [0060]     Likewise, the cylinder  14  of the vane motor and the spindle  4  are, changed from heretofore known vane motors by adding crescent seal as illustrated in FIGS.  4 D and  4 D&#39;. As noted in  FIG. 4D , because the spindle  4  is off-set from the center line of the cylinder  14  as is the case of heretofore known vane motors, the cylinder  14  comes closest to the inner diameter of the cylinder  14  at or close to the pinch point A. In this configuration the cylinder  14  is undercut at  62  and extend a circumferential distance indicated by line B. Obviously, the length of the gap is substantially increased so that the leakage path is increased which serves to reduce the leakage of pressurized air that is otherwise used to power the spindle  4 . Further, the inlet air hole  70 ′ in cylinder  14  is located to increase the volume of air immediately preceding the vane to further increase power. As noted in  FIG. 4E  the heretofore known vane motors always located the inlet air hole  70 ′ to be at or close to the pinch point. In this embodiment the inlet hole  70 ″ is located further downstream from the pinch point (lines x-x) that increases the volume defined by the space between the cylinder and spindle an hence allows more air to ingress adjacent to the vane.  
         [0061]     As best seen in  FIG. 4C  there is a defined circumferential space between the inlet holes or apertures  70  and the air discharge hole or apertures  72 . In heretofore known vane motors this distance was closer to each other than what is depicted in this  FIG. 4C . By increasing this distance it was found that the power of the motor can be further increased. According to this invention the increased space now becomes possible because the inlet hole  70  is displaced from the pinch point and the next adjacent vane passing the pinch point doesn&#39;t block the flow to the preceding vane allowing a larger expanse of travel of the vane in its power stroke.  
         [0062]     In this Xmax motor the inlet air is admitted into a central opening  57  in the rear end of the motor and directed toward the outer periphery via the passageway  59  formed in the motor adapter  13 . Passageway  59  is in communication the axial groove  76  formed in cylinder  14  to feed the inlet holes  70  while a portion flows over the fore bearings  9 , over the bearing housing, and then back into the cylinder  14 . Along the travel of the air toward the fore end a certain portion is admitted into the spindle while a portion serves to cool the cylinder  14  and the bearing  9  as described above. This is best illustrated in  FIGS. 1, 3 ,  3 A and  3 B where air is admitted into the cylinder  14  via axial passageway  76  while a portion flows into inlet holes  70  via the axially spaced slots  78  formed in cylinder  14  downstream of the blockage portion  69  (outer diameter of cylinder  14 ) formed in cylinder  14  and the remaining portion leaves the cylinder to cool the bearings  9  before being re-admitted into the cylinder  14 . The purpose of the blocking portion  69  and these slots  78  serve to cool the cylinder. As the air proceeds past the cylinder and forced to flow inwardly over the bearings toward the cylinder center line, the direction of the air then reverses to proceed toward the rear of the motor so that the remaining portion of the air is admitted into the spindle via axial slot  79  and holes  70  to act on the vanes and cause rotation thereof. Ultimately, all the pressurized inlet air feeds into the spindle to power the same via the vanes. The spent air exit the vane motor via the axial slot  81  and returned to the source of air via the motor adapter  13  ( FIG. 6 ).  
         [0063]     Because of the power enhancement from the features described above the diameter of the spindle shaft can be reduced allowing a smaller the bearing to support the spindle. This improved design made in accordance with this invention is creates an increased cavity surrounding the bearing housing which provide additional volume of air that flows out of the cylinder over the bearings and back into the cylinder enhancing the cooling capability of the motor vane. Obviously, this increased airflow serves to cool the bearings and hence, increase the life of the motor.  
         [0064]     On the return to the outlet of the motor, the air flows through a plurality of judiciously oriented discharge holes  72 . Not only is the circumferential distance between the inlet hole  70  and the exit hole  72  selected for increased power, the orientation of holes  72  are selected to avoid power losses and increase wear on the vane. Because of the arrangement of these holes in heretofore known surgical motors, there exhibited an uneveness of wear on the outer edge of the vanes. To avoid this uneveness as is illustrated in  FIG. 3C .  
         [0065]     Attention is first directed to  FIG. 3A  which illustrates the discharge holes  72  judiciously disposed in cylinder  3  in a circumferential and axial direction and serve as the exhaust outlet for vane motor  55 . These holes are arranged so that the vane passing thereunder will virtually see an even contact of the cylinder surface so as to eliminate the uneven wearing of the vane&#39;s outer edge. Because of the arrangement of the discharge ports in heretofore known surgical motors, there exhibited an unevenness of wear on the outer edge of the vanes. To avoid this unevenness as is illustrated in  FIG. 3C  the column of holes  72  identified as  72 A,  72 A 1 ,  72 B,  72 B 1 ,  72 C,  72 C 1 ,  72 D and  72 D 1 , for each repeat in the pattern of holes the relative location of holes A and B is such that a unit of measure U is established for one hole and used to position all the other holes. Referring to hole  72 A in  FIG. 3C , the cord H at the right hand side is selected and it equals the radius R. The distance between the center line of hole  72 A and this cord H establishes the unit U (the unit of measurement) which is used for the measurement to set the relative distance of all other cords within a column. Each space between cords (vertical lines) equals ½ the unit of measurement U. The spacing of rows is not critical save that the adjacent hole in a given row that does not overlap the adjacent hole. The hole  66 B is established by aligning chords H of  72 B with chords H of  72 A and  72 A 1 . The next row  72 C is established by aligning the chord G with the centerline F of  72 A. Row  72 C 1  is established by aligning centerline F of  72 C 1  with chord G of  72 A 1 . With this pattern of holes, each of the vanes  2  will displace uniformly over the surface of the cylinder  3  as shown in  FIG. 10 . Referring to  FIG. 10  showing one repeat of the hole pattern, it will be noted that the displacement of the first two chords over the holes  72 A and  72 C is equal to F and G. The next displacement over the holes  72 A and  72 C is equal to G and F. The next displacement of vane  2  is over the holes in  72 A,  72 B and  72 C and this is equal to chords H, H and G. By following this pattern throughout the displacement of the vanes it will be noted that the total distance and hence, area that the edge of the vane is in contact with each of the holes of the cylinder is equal. It then follows that the total average area of contact that the edge of the vane relative to the surface of the cylinder is also equal. By designing the hole pattern of the cylinder in this manner, the vanes will wear evenly throughout its cycle and hence, will evidence a longer life.  
         [0066]     According to this invention the inlet holes  70  and discharge holes  72  are formed as cylindrical holes which in heretofore known designs, these passages were other than cylindrical. Again, by contouring these holes in cylindrical form the power generated by the vane motor is increased.  
         [0067]     Both the front bearing and rear bearing for the spindle  4  are contained in a suitable bearing housing that is packed with grease and sealed to prevent the grease from escaping and for foreign matter to ingest therein. In this Xmax motor the air utilized to drive the vane motor carries a mist of lubrication. It is therefore important to provide proper sealing to assure adequate lubrication of the vanes and avoid oil from escaping to ambient. According to this invention and as can be seen from  FIGS. 1 and 5 , the dual seal  22  for the front bearing is formed in situ by configuring the seal retaining nut  23  and seal support washer  10  to support the pair of stationary seal  22  shaped in the form of discs. When mounted into the seal retaining nut  23  the shape of seal  22  is circular and is made with a close tolerance and is shaped much like a standard washer so when assembled it is tightly mounted into the housing and closely fitted to the shaft and the seals are forced between the seal washer and retainer and seek the angled position as shown. The edge of the seals are angled so that one edge bears against the rotating shaft . After assembly, the motor is rotated to its full power condition and the friction creating heat causes the seal which is made from a suitable plastic material such as Teflon® material to shrink the inner edges of the dual seal relative to the outer surface of the spindle shaft and defines a gap. This gap is sufficiently minuscule so that only air can migrate therethrough retaining the oil in the bearing compartment.  
         [0068]     In addition, this dual seal works in conjunction with the single seal  22   a  (which is the same size, shape and material as the dual seal  22 ) which is axially spaced from the dual seal and supported by seal support washer  10  and being mounted adjacent to bearing  9  (at its left) and sandwiched and wedged in the bearing housing  7  in between the bearing  9  and the seal support washer  10  and extends radially from the inner face of the bearing housing  7  to adjacent the inner race  9   a  of bearing  9 . Because of the fit of seal  22   a  which, like seal  22 , is stationary, no leakage occurs at the inner face of the seal and bearing housing  7  and any leakage occurs adjacent to the inner race. This single seal  22   a  is important because the air/oil mist that comes in contact with the seal  22   a  at the inner race slings the oil in a direction toward the centerline of the spindle in the same as the direction of the centrifugal force and the air flows in the opposite direction. In other words, seal  22   a  serves to cause the flow of the oil mist to move toward the central axis of the spindle  4  and the air flows in a direction opposite to the centrifugal force generated by the spindle  4  rotating at approximately 80,000 RPM and flows in the direction toward the dual seal as depicted by the leakage path. As seen in  FIG. 1 , seal  37  mounted on the opposite side of this bearing  9  adjacent to the end of spindle  2  and is supported in the seal bearing housing  7 . This seal  37  and the single seal  22  sandwich the front bearing  9  to assure that the oil is retained in the bearing compartment without leaking to ambient.  
         [0069]     The next portion of this description describes the transmittal of power from the spindle to the output shaft of the Xmax motor. As seen in  FIGS. 1, 2 ,  6 ,  6 A,  6 B,  7 , and  7 A spindle  4  is suitably threaded to the soft couple nut  5  and the motor adapter  13 . Thus, the spindle drives the soft couple nut  5  and this rotary motion is transmitted to the output shaft  6  which in turn rotates the drill bit (not shown) that fits in the chuck assembly. To mitigate the vibrations that are generated by the vane motor. the drive connection from the spindle to the output shaft (i.e. the drive shaft to the driven shaft) is through the resilient balls or soft cutter balls  12  ( FIGS. 1 and 8 ) made from a rubber material which is mounted on the cutter spindle drive pin  11  ( FIG. 9 ). The balls fit into the recesses  90  formed at diametrically opposed ends in the soft couple nut  7  ( FIG. 7 ). Rotary motion is transmitted to the the soft couple nut  5  is attached to the spindle through the balls  12  which, in turn, is pinned to shaft output shaft  6  via the pin  11  fitted through a laterally drilled hole in the shaft  6 . Hence, the balls  12  serve to transmit the rotary motion to the output shaft  6  via the spindle  4  and soft couple nut  5 .  
         [0070]     In addition to the vibration absorbed through the ball drive  12  the insert motor housing  2  is soft mounted to the housing  3  via the torque pin pads  21  that surround the dowel pins  20  fitted into the complementary drilled holes formed in the housings  3  and  2 . This together with the O-seal  38  mounted in motor adapter  13  sealing the air inlet from the hose and swivel assembly at the air inlet connection at the aft end of the motor serve to soft mount the motor and minimize vibratory motion felt in the outer surface of the housing  3  where the surgeon handles the drill.  
         [0071]     To further reduce noise, the discharge air from the vane motor flows into the passages formed in the motor adapter  13 . As can be seen in  FIGS. 6 and 6 A, motor adapter includes cross over holes  94  and  96 , The design of these holes causes the discharge air to flow in a crisscross pattern and the air meeting and mixing dissipates a given amount of decibels resulting in a noise reductions.  
         [0072]     Because the bearings supporting the chuck isolated from the motor and hence, is not felt by the surgeon holding onto t assemble and the output shaft is remote from and isolated from the bearings supporting the vane motor, the axial load generated by the drill bit or cutter is he motor during a medical procedure. It will be appreciated that as the surgeon forces the cutting tool against the surface of the portion of the patient that is being operated on, this action develops a thrust load. This load passes through the cutter shaft (not shown) into the chuck module of the surgical motor and through the bearings  18  that shoulder against the motor housing  3 , the thrust path then flows through the motor housing  3  where it is dissipated, bypassing the insert housing  2 . Since the thrust loads do not pass through the vane motor, the vane motor only sees radial loads. This not only contributes to the efficacy of the surgical motor, it also allows the vane motor to be supported by smaller bearings as was noted in the above paragraph.  
         [0073]     What has been shown by this invention is a new motor, designated for the sake of description the Xmax motor, that includes all the capabilities of providing high power and smooth performance with the ease of assembling the cutter and the attachments utilized in the medical procedures. In accomplishing these features, the Xmax motor is characterized as being more powerful, is quieter, vibration free and user friendly while increasing the life of the entire assembly and its component parts.