Abstract:
The invention provides a mounting for a printed circuit board which mounting is suitable for receiving a semiconductor assembly wherein the mounting comprises: a base support having a semiconductor assembly facing surface, and an opposed printed surface board facing surface; a cover having a semiconductor assembly facing surface, an opposed heat radiating surface; a connecting formation which joins the cover to the base support and provides an electrical and thermal communication between the cover and the base support wherein the connecting formation has a semiconductor assembly facing surface, an outer opposed surface and a thickness between the two surfaces; and a plurality of package connectors extending from the base support each of which package connectors have a printed surface board facing surface; an array of mountings; and a semiconductor package comprising a semiconductor assembly having one or more semiconductor chips, which assembly is mounted on the mounting wherein the package connectors of the mounting are in a spaced relationship with the base support and are linked electrically with the semiconductor assembly and the cover is arranged to be in a spaced parallel relationship with the base support.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is the National Stage of International Application No. PCT/GB2004/005217, filed on Dec. 17, 2004, which claims priority to GB Application No. 0329351.1, filed on Dec. 18, 2003, and GB Application No. 0423172.6, filed on Oct. 19, 2004, the contents of which is incorporated by reference herein. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to semiconductor packages, mounting assemblies therefor and methods of manufacture thereof, and more particularly but not solely to, micro mounting packages that have an integrated heatsink and electromagnetic shield. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The objective of any electronics package is to protect sensitive integrated circuits from harsh environments without inhibiting electrical performance. The package is used to electrically and mechanically attach a chip to an intended device. One popular family of electronics package is the Micro Leadframe Packaging (MLP) also known as Quad-Flat-No-Lead (QFN) or Dual-Flat-No-Lead (DFN). MLP is based upon a patterned and etched metal mounting commonly with a central pad, onto which a single or multiple semiconductor chips or dies are mounted, connected with wirebonds to isolated package pins, then encapsulated in a plastic sealing material. The sealing material is applied around the metal of the mounting and the integrated circuit with wirebonds to form a hard, protective plastic body. 
     Further information relative to mounting technology may be found in Chapter 8 of the book Micro Electronics Packaging Handbook, (1989), edited by R. Tummala and E. Rymaszewski, incorporated by reference herein. This book is published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, 115 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 
     Generally, manufacture is completed using an array of multiple MLP mountings. After encapsulation a mounting is separated from any supporting peripheral mounting structures and neighbouring packages by a punch or a saw. 
     It may be stated generally that there is a desire in the electronics packaging industry to reduce size and cost whilst at the same time as integrating more functionality. One proven route to increase functionality is to include several integrated circuits in the same MLP. Modern assembly techniques allow dies to be stacked or flip mounted (i.e. mounted in an inverted orientation) known as “flip-chip” mounting, ensuring a minimal final package size. 
     There are additional problems to be solved in the electronics packaging industry. One such problem is that many types of integrated circuit produce high levels of unwanted thermal energy, even when in normal operation. These circuits still require integration. Thermal design is also important and a method of dissipating heat to maintain electrical and mechanical stability has been sought. 
     Another such problem is that many electronics products need to operate in an electrically noisy environment. A method of protecting a sensitive integrated circuit within the package from unwanted electrical interference has also been sought. 
     A further such problem is that many electronics products require direct electrical connection to the system ground potential to obtain optimum performance. If this connection is electrically impaired (e.g. by resistive or inductive impairment) many integrated circuits particularly operating at intermediate and high frequencies or with high electrical currents may be adversely affected. A method of providing a low resistance, low inductance path to system ground has been sought. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a semiconductor package, a mounting assembly therefor and a method of manufacture, and more particularly but not limited to, a micro mounting package that has an integrated heatsink and electromagnetic shield. 
     According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a mounting for a semiconductor assembly including a first portion for mounting at least one semiconductor device, a second portion and a connecting portion joining the first and second portions and arranged to allow folding of the second portion over the semiconductor device. 
     The connecting portion may provide thermal and electrical communication between the first and second portions of the mounting. 
     The first portion of the mounting may comprise a formation of leadframe package connectors. 
     The first portion of the mounting may further comprise a base support for at least one semiconductor device. 
     The second portion may comprise a cover having a semiconductor assembly-facing surface and an opposed heat-radiating surface. 
     The electrical connectors of the mounting are in a spaced relationship with the base support and are linked electrically with the semiconductor assembly. 
     The cover is arranged to be in a spaced parallel relationship with the base support. 
     The cover may further comprise at least one additional edge portion arranged to extend when the mounting is folded beyond at least one edge of the first portion of the mounting. Such an edge portion can be folded to form a sidewall. 
     The mounting is preferably formed from a single sheet of electrically and thermally conducting material, which is preferably a metal, more preferably copper. 
     The mounting may be part of an array of a plurality of mountings. 
     The mounting is preferably provided with folding means to enable it to be bent such that the cover can be arranged to be in a spaced parallel relationship to the first portion. The folding means is preferably a weakened line, such as a scored line or an etched line in the mounting having a thickness that is less than that of the rest of the mounting. 
     Preferably the mounting includes two weakened lines, one between the first portion and the connecting portion and one between the second portion and the connecting portion. 
     The cover of the mounting is arranged to be mechanically and electrically connected to the base support and the base support is normally connected to System Ground potential (GND) on the final product printed circuit board. The particularly advantageous feature of the present invention is the cover which provides three functions (a) a simple heatsink (b) a low resistance, low inductive path to electrical Ground (GND) and (c) to act as a local electromagnetic shield protecting sensitive functions within, or without, from unwanted electromagnetic interference. 
     The semiconductor chip may be electrically connected to a portion of the mounting by wirebonding. Alternatively, the chip may be mounted using flip-chip mounting, such as bump soldering. 
     The new mounting package can be used for single or multiple chip applications. Where multiple chips are integrated it is often beneficial to “flip” smaller (daughter) chips onto a larger (mother) die. The new package facilitates connection to a simple heatsink and electromagnetic shield and System Ground (GND). Through modern assembly techniques the present invention reduces cost and area usage on a printed circuit board whilst improving thermal and electrical performance. 
     The semiconductor assembly is preferably attached to the base support and/or the cover. Where the assembly comprises two or more semiconductor chips, it is preferably attached to the base support and the cover. This enables a daughter semiconductor chip to be connected more directly to system ground. The assembly is preferably electrically attached to the base support and/or cover, more preferably by conductive wire or conductive epoxy or solder material. 
     A semiconductor package incorporating the mounting preferably comprises a sealing material at least partially encapsulating the mounting and the semiconductor assembly. This is in order to protect and support the contents of the package. At least part of the printed circuit board facing surfaces of the package connectors and base support or the heat radiating surface of the cover may not be covered by the sealing material, being left exposed to aid the dissipation of heat. 
     The mounting preferably further comprises heat dissipation means to provide a low thermally resistive path between a mounted semiconductor assembly and the cover of the package. 
     The mounting may be provided with a third portion and second folding portion arranged to allow folding of the third portion over the semiconductor device. The third portion is in a spaced parallel relationship with the base support and second portion. 
     The mounting may further comprise means for mounting surface mount technology (SMT) components. Such components may comprise passive components, for example resistors, capacitors, or inductors. 
     Such means may comprise recesses in the mounting cover to mount SMT components. 
     The cover of the mounting may be patterned to function as a passive component. For example, the top cover may be formed as a serpentine inductor. 
     Other passive components can be integrated. The cover may be patterned as an interdigitated or parallel plate capacitor. The cover may also be patterned to integrate other components such as antenna, microstrip couplers and filters. 
     The mounting preferably further comprises an EMI enhanced package wherein the cover is fabricated with additional fold means to enable the cover to be bent to define walls in relationship with the semiconductor assembly. 
     The mounting may further comprise means adapted for mounting sensor semiconductor chips. 
     The cover of the mounting may be adapted to provide direct access to the semiconductor assembly. Such means may comprise an aperture in the package mounting cover. The mounting may be further adapted to mount optical components in relationship to an image sensor semiconductor chips. 
     The aperture may be further defined by having recesses about its perimeter. The recesses may face towards, or away from, a mounted semiconductor device. The aperture and the recesses can be used to locate further components for use in the semiconductor assembly. 
     The mounting may be further adapted to provide for mounting biometric semiconductor chips. 
     The mounting may be further adapted to provide for mounting pressure sensor semiconductor chips. 
     The mounting according to the invention preferably further comprises one or more recesses formed within the cover into which mould material can flow to secure the cover in the package. 
     The mounting according to the invention preferably further comprises means to permit coupling of selected frequencies of electromagnetic radiation through the leadframe. Such means may comprise apertures in the cover of the mounting of appropriate dimension to permit coupling at a selected frequency. 
     In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor assembly comprising the steps of:
         preparing a mounting for a semiconductor device;   mounting a semiconductor chip on the mounting;   electrically connecting the semiconductor chip to the mounting; and   folding a portion of the mounting over the semiconductor assembly.       

     The step of preparing the mounting may further comprise forming functional features in the mountings. The features may be formed by, for example, cutting, scribing, stamping or etching. 
     The step of preparing a mounting may further comprise forming fold lines into the mountings. 
     The folded portion may be folded through a total of 180°, for example by being folded through 90° along each of two fold lines. The folded portion can then be in a spaced parallel relationship with the portion the semiconductor chip is mounted on. 
     The method may further comprise folding a further portion of the mounting over the semiconductor assembly. 
     The method may further comprise folding additional portions of the mounting to form, for example, sidewalls in the mounting. 
     The functional features may further include heatsinks. Passive components can also be formed in portions of the mounting. 
     The method may further comprise the step of sealing said mounting. Any suitable sealant could be used for this purpose, for example, a dielectric sealant. 
     The method further comprises forming an aperture in a portion of the mounting. Recesses can be defined about the perimeter of the aperture. The recesses may face towards, or away from, a mounted semiconductor device. 
     The method may further include mounting and aligning components for use in the semiconductor assembly. Such further components include optical components, such as lenses or filters. 
     The components may be mounted on the mounting before it is folded such that folding the mounting brings the component into the desired final position in the assembly. 
     The method may further comprise electrically connecting the semiconductor chip to using wirebonding. 
     The semiconductor chip may be flip-chip mounted. 
     The method further comprises mounting further semiconductor chips on the same mounting. The further chips can be mounted using adjacent or stacked wirebond and/or flip-chip mounting. The mounted chips can be connected to a common mounting and/or each other. 
     The mounting may be one of an array of such mountings. 
     The mounting can be separated from the array by, for example, cutting, punching or sawing. 
     In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a semiconductor mounting wherein individual mountings are patterned on a sheet of conducting material, wherein the individual mountings are defined with a first portion for mounting at least one semiconductor device, a second portion and a connecting portion joining the first and second portions and arranged to allow folding of the second option over the semiconductor device. 
     The mountings may be patterned by casting, etching or stamping. 
     The sheet may be a suitable metal, for example, copper. 
     The individual mountings may be part of an array of such mountings. The method further includes the step of separating individual mountings from the array. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention is illustrated with reference to the following Figures of the drawings wherein: 
         FIG. 1  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of a known MLP-type semiconductor package; 
         FIG. 2  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type semiconductor package according to the invention with a formed upper pad; 
         FIG. 3  shows a top plan view of an MLP-type semiconductor package according to the invention; 
         FIG. 4  shows a bottom plan view of an MLP-type semiconductor package according to the invention; 
         FIG. 5  shows a plan view of a known MLP-type semiconductor mounting; 
         FIG. 6  shows a plan view of an MLP-type semiconductor mounting according to the invention, laid flat and showing formed upper pad prior to bend; 
         FIG. 7  shows a plan view of a manufacturing array of mountings according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  shows a plan view of a laid flat MLP-type semiconductor mounting according to the present invention wherein the mounting has no package connectors on the edge adjacent the cover to maximise the area of the connecting formation; 
         FIG. 9  shows a plan view of a laid flat MLP-type semiconductor mounting according to the present invention having a cover which is defined with apertures; 
         FIG. 10  shows a plan view of a laid flat MLP-type semiconductor mounting according to the present invention having four package connectors on the side adjacent the cover; 
         FIG. 11  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a semiconductor package according to the present invention; 
         FIG. 12  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a semiconductor package constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention; 
         FIG. 13  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of the construction of a single bend point; 
         FIG. 14  shows how a pair of bend points may be used to construct the connecting formation used in the present invention; 
         FIG. 15  shows a side-elevation, cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the present invention mounted on a printed circuit board. 
         FIG. 16  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of a known flip-chip onto leadframe MLP-type package; 
         FIG. 17  shows a top plan view of a mounting used to make the package of  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 18  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of a flip-chip onto leadframe MLP-type package according to the invention with a formed upper pad; 
         FIG. 19  shows a top plan view of a mounting used to make the package of  FIG. 18 ; 
         FIG. 20  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of a flip-chip onto leadframe MLP-type package according to the invention with a formed upper pad and base pad; 
         FIG. 21  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with heatsink die enhanced feature; 
         FIG. 22  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with stacked die; 
         FIG. 23  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with integrated surface mounted (SMT) passive components; 
         FIG. 24  shows a top plan view of a mounting used to make the package of  FIG. 23 ; 
         FIG. 25  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with enhanced EMI shielding; 
         FIG. 26  shows a top plan view of a mounting used to make the package of  FIG. 25 ; 
         FIG. 27  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with an aperture feature; 
         FIG. 28  shows a top plan view of a mounting used to make the package of  FIG. 27 ; 
         FIG. 29  shows a top plan view of a mounting according to the invention used to make an MLP-type package with a circular aperture feature; 
         FIG. 30  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with an aperture feature fitted with a lens, made using the mounting of  FIG. 29 ; 
         FIG. 31  shows a top plan view of a mounting according to the invention used to make an MLP-type package with a double pad feature and aperture feature; 
         FIG. 32  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with a double pad feature and aperture feature fitted with a lens, made using the mounting of  FIG. 31 ; 
         FIG. 33  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with a double pad feature and aperture feature fitted with a lens; 
         FIG. 34  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with exposed die feature; 
         FIG. 35  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of an MLP-type package according to the invention with exposed die feature; 
         FIG. 36  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with exposed die feature and gel-filled cavity; 
         FIG. 37  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with an entirely encapsulated, non-exposed cover pad; 
         FIG. 38  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with a partially exposed top metal pad; 
         FIG. 39  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with a patterned underside of the top metal pad; 
         FIG. 40  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention showing a dielectric fill material dispensed over the die surface; and 
         FIG. 41  shows a mounting for making an MLP-type package according to the invention with electromagnetic coupling apertures; 
         FIG. 42  shows a section through an MLP-type package according to the invention; 
         FIG. 43  shows a section through a further MLP-type package according to the invention; 
         FIG. 44  shows a mounting for making an MLP package according to the invention with a cover pad including the definition of a serpentine inductor with a semiconductor chip shown mounted to the base with wirebonds connecting to the perimeter connectors and to the inductor; 
         FIG. 45  shows a mounting for making a package according to the invention with a top cover pad in addition to a defined serpentine inductor; and 
         FIGS. 46 to 48  show the results of modelling packages according to the invention. 
     
    
    
     Before discussing the embodiments of the present invention, the prior art MLP-type semiconductor package is discussed below in order to provide background information regarding the techniques of construction of MLP-type semiconductor packaging. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In reference to  FIG. 1 , there is shown a side-elevation, cross-sectional view of a known MLP-type semiconductor package  40 . The semiconductor package contains a mounting  47  consisting of a base support (also referred to as a paddle or base mounting pad)  42 , a plurality of package connectors (also referred to as package pins)  44 , a single semiconductor chip  41  connected to the base  42  by bonding layer  48  and a plurality of wires (also referred to as wirebonds)  43  which link the chip  41  to the package connectors  44 . The complete assembly is enclosed in a nonconductive sealing material  45 . Sealing material  45  may be a thermoplastic or thermoset resin (including an epoxy, phenolic and/or silicone resin). 
     Numerous techniques for secure attachment of a semiconductor chip  41  to the base  42  are in practice, including conductive and/or nonconductive epoxy or solder  48 . The top surface of the semiconductor chip  41 , usually has, at its periphery, a plurality of connecting pads  46 . A plurality of package connectors  44  surround the mounted semiconductor chip  41  and base  42 . Wires  43  electrically connect to the semiconductor die connecting pads  46  and the package connectors  44 . The package base support  42  and connectors  44  are rectangular in cross-section but may be etched to improve fixing to sealing material  45 . The pluralities of package connectors  44  are commonly located at the periphery of the semiconductor package  40 . The base support  42  is generally located centrally to the package base. Package connectors  44  and base support  42  are used to connect to a printed circuit board (PCB), not shown. 
     An MLP-type semiconductor package aids dissipation of heat generated from the operation of the semiconductor chip  41  via the lower exposed surface of the base support  42  and the lower and lateral exposed surfaces of the package connectors  44 . Some heat is also dissipated from the upper surface, to air surrounding the semiconductor package  40 . However the sealing material  45  tends to prevent this by insulating the semiconductor chip  41 . 
     Semiconductor chips  41  are designed for many different applications and markets. Often there is an advantage in providing an electromagnetic shield over and in close proximity to the semiconductor chip  41 . Such a shield may protect the semiconductor chip from unwanted interference from external radio signals and propagated waves but also protect the external system from signals generated from semiconductor chip  41  under its own operation. 
     The prior art package has no externally exposed top metal pad to aid additional thermal dissipation or to give electromagnetic shielding protection to the semiconductor chip  41  or external system by presenting a shield or barrier to radio signals. The prior art package does not allow direct connection to the rear face of a stacked (flip-chip) mounted daughter die when mounted to the upper surface of the semiconductor die  41  on the base  42 . 
       FIGS. 2 to 4  and  6  to  14  illustrate aspects of the invention. In these Figures, like features are indicated by like identification numbers. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , here shown is a side-elevation, cross-sectional view of semiconductor package  50 . This is the first embodiment of a semiconductor package according to the present invention. The semiconductor package contains a mounting  57  consisting of a base support  52 , a cover  60 , connecting formation  59 , a plurality of package connectors  54 , a single semiconductor chip  51  and a plurality of wires  53 . The complete assembly is enclosed in a nonconductive sealing material  55 . Sealing material  55  may be a thermoplastic or thermoset resin (including an epoxy, phenolic and/or silicone resin).  FIG. 2  shows a semiconductor chip  51  mounted to the base support  52 . Numerous techniques of secure attachment are in practice, including conductive and nonconductive epoxies, or solder  58 . The top surface of the semiconductor chip  51 , usually has, at its periphery, a plurality of connecting pads  56 . A plurality of package connectors  54  surround the mounted semiconductor chip  51  and base support  52 . Wires  53  electrically connect to the semiconductor die connecting pads  56  and the package connectors  54 . The pluralities of package connectors  54  are located at the periphery of the semiconductor package  50 . The base support  52  is generally located centrally to the package base. Package connectors  54  and base support  52  are used to connect to a printed circuit board (not shown). 
     The connecting formation  59  connects the base support  52  and cover  60 . The connecting formation  59  provides a low resistance, low inductance thermally efficient path from the cover  60  to the base mounting pad  52  and to the external printed circuit board (not shown). The base support  52  and cover  60 , the connecting formation  59  and package connectors  54  are secured to a mounting foil via mounting supporting structures or tie-bars (not shown). Tie bars and other supporting structures are trimmed off at the package dicing stage of manufacture. 
     The mounting  57  may be etched to provide additional locking strength between the mounting  57  and the sealing material  55 . The connecting  30  formation  59  has a weakened fold line in the form of a lateral etch, cut or scribe used at each end of the connecting formation  59  to define bend points  70  for the formation of the cover  60  of the package. The top side of the base support  52  is attached to the semiconductor chip while the bottom side of the base mounting pad  52  is exposed to the outside of the semiconductor package  50 . The bottom side of the base support  52  and the upper side of the cover  60  are electroplated with a corrosion-minimizing material such as tin, gold, tin lead, tin bismuth, nickel palladium or other suitable alloy. The bottom side of the base support  52  will be mounted to the printed circuit board (not shown). The topside of the cover  60  is exposed to the outside of the semiconductor package  50  and is generally centrally located in the top surface of the package. 
     The mounting  57  is fabricated from a sheet of electrically and heat conducting material such as copper. Heat generated from the operation of the semiconductor chip  51  is dissipated throughout the semiconductor package and through the bottom of the base mounting pad  52  to the printed circuit board. The exposed cover  60  will aid heat dissipation. Heat will also be dissipated through the plurality of package connectors  54 . The plurality of package connectors  54  does not normally touch the base mounting pad  52 . 
     Still referring to  FIG. 2 , semiconductor package  50  has a semiconductor chip  51  attached to the base support  52  via an adhesive or suitable solder material  58 . The plurality of package connectors  54  electrically connect to the semiconductor chip  51  through a plurality of wires  53 . Each wire  53  has a first end electrically connected to one of the bond pads  56  on the top side of the semiconductor chip  51  and a second end connected to the lower portion of one of the package connectors  54 . Wires can be made of any electrically conductive material; gold aluminium or silver are common choices. 
     Sealing material  55  preserves the spatial relationship between the cover  60  and the base support  52 , the connecting formation  59 , wires  53 , mounted semiconductor chip  51 , and semiconductor package connectors  54 . The sealing material  55  forms a rigid structure to maintain protection and form to the semiconductor package  50  and its component parts. After sealing only the areas of the base support  52  and cover  60 , lower and outer edges of the package pins  54  remain exposed allowing connection to a printed circuit board. 
       FIG. 3  shows a top plan view of semiconductor package  50 . The cover  60  is located generally to the middle of the semiconductor package  50 . At the four edges of the semiconductor package  50  sealing material  55  is shown defining the outer edge. The sealing material  55  ensures an interlocking structure with the cover  60 . Only the upper portion of the cover  60  is exposed. 
       FIG. 4  shows a bottom plan view of the semiconductor package  50 . As shown the base support  52  is located, generally, to the middle of the semiconductor package  50 , surrounded on four sides by a plurality of package connectors  54 . At the four edges of the semiconductor package  50 , sealing material  55  defines the outer edge. The sealing material  55  ensures an interlocking structure with the base support  52  and package connectors  54 . Only the lower exposed and plated portion of the package connectors  54  and base support  52  are visible. 
       FIG. 5  shows a top plan view of a known MLP-type package  47  for a semiconductor package  40 . As shown the base support  42  is located generally to the middle of the semiconductor package  40 , surrounded on four sides by a plurality of package connectors  44 . 
       FIG. 6  shows a plan view of a mounting  57  for a semiconductor package  50  according to the present invention shown in its basic state prior to bending. Support structures  74  for mounting definition are shown for two pins on the package near to where the connecting formation  59  is defined. Other tie-bars and support structures for mounting manufacture are not shown, however the plurality of package connectors  54  are shown interconnected as the case may be before trimming. Etched or scribed bend points  70  (dotted) are positioned to define the connecting formation  59 . A dashed line is shown intersecting each about the plurality of package connectors  54 . The dashed line indicates the package outer dimension after dicing. 
       FIG. 7  shows a plan view of an array  77  of multiple individual mountings  57  for semiconductor package  50  to show how an individual mounting  57  may be manufactured from a larger area of metal material. The array  77  can be initially manufactured by a variety of process, for example, casting, etching or stamping. 
     The array layout allows for the simple assembly of a semiconductor package. Using the array shown in  FIG. 7  as an example, a semiconductor chip  51  can be mounted on individual MLP mountings  57  as shown. Semiconductor chips can be placed on each mounting using standard techniques, for example, processing the array to fix and solder the components on the mount. The processing can include solder bumping, epoxying and wire connecting. The packages can be further processed, for example using such techniques as solder reflow, injection of dielectric  55  onto the mount, semiconductor-mounting binder curing and so forth. 
     The individual mounts are then folded through 90° along each of the fold lines  70  so that the cover  60  extends over the chip  51 , parallel to the base  52  and connectors  54 . The sealing material  55  is then injected between the cover and the chip  51 . Mountings can be separated from any supporting peripheral mounting structures and neighbouring packages by, for example, a punch or a saw that cuts along the dashed lines of  FIG. 6 . Since the fold lines  70  are within the dashed lines after folding, the connecting portion  59  remains in place after cleaving. Alternatively, the individual MLPs can be cut and processed individually. 
       FIG. 8  shows a plan view of a variation of the mounting  57  shown in  FIG. 6  for a semiconductor package  50 . In the mounting shown in  FIG. 8 , there are no pins on side adjacent the connecting formation  59 . Tie-bars and support structures for mounting manufacture are omitted, however the plurality of package connectors  54  for the other three sides are shown interconnected as the case may be before trimming. A semiconductor package using this type of amounting can be assembled using the same techniques described above. 
       FIG. 9  shows a plan view of a variation of the mounting  57  for semiconductor package  50  shown in  FIG. 6 . The cover  60  forms a plurality of apertures. An example, arbitrary, pattern is shown though an alternative pattern could be used. The apertures can be made in the cover  60  as and when required during the assembly process described above by cutting, etching or punching the desired pattern in the cover. The apertures could be made, for example, while the mounting is in an array of the sort shown in  FIG. 7 , or afterwards, when it has been separated. 
       FIG. 10  shows a plan view of a variation of the mounting  57  shown in  FIG. 6 . In this example, there are four pins on the package side where the connecting formation  59  is defined. 
       FIG. 11  shows a side-elevation, cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a semiconductor package  50  according to the invention. In this embodiment, multiple semiconductor chips are integrated. There is a single mother semiconductor chip  61  and two inverted chips  62 ,  63  mounted on the mother semiconductor chip  61 . The larger mother semiconductor chip  61  may be mounted first to the base support  52 . The top surface of the semiconductor chip  61 , is specifically designed to have corresponding connection pads  64  upon which to mount a plurality of smaller daughter chips  62 ,  63 . 
     Modern “flip-chip” assembly techniques are used to mount the daughter chips  62 ,  63  upon the upper surface of the mother semiconductor chip  61 . 
     The daughter semiconductor chips  62 ,  63  are pre-thinned and prefabricated, perhaps at wafer level, with materials to form a plurality of “bumps” to facilitate the flip-chip connection. Singular bumps  66  are positioned at each of the connection pads  65  of the daughter die  62 ,  63 . Popular methods of bumping semiconductor chips are, solder deposition/reflow or gold stud. Alternative attachment materials include anisotropic conducting materials. 
     Under-fill material  67  may be added between the mother and daughter chips to improve reliability and thermal performance of the flip-chip bonds  66 . Some types of under-fill material  67  can be applied to the flip-chip stack either before or after the placement is made. 
     The direct connection of electrical, and mechanical path from the daughter chips  62 ,  63  to the cover  60  will aid thermal and electrical performance. The exposed cover  60  will aid heat dissipation. 
     In this example the mother chip  61  is mounted on the base  52  using the techniques described above. Additional connection pads  64  can be fixed at the desired points on the mother chip  61  and solder bumped chips can be located on the mother chip and reflow soldered. The assembly can be cleaned if necessary to remove any debris from the reflow process. If desired, the space between the daughter chips  62  and the mother chip  61  can be filled using standard underfill techniques and materials. 
     Alternative flip-chip techniques can be employed, such as thermocompression bonding, thermosonic bonding and using conductive adhesives. 
     An alternative substrate material such as flex, pcb, ceramic or glass may also be used in place of the described mother semiconductor chip  61 . 
       FIG. 12  shows a side-elevation, cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a semiconductor package  50 . In this embodiment, as in the second embodiment shown in  FIG. 11 , multiple semiconductor chips are integrated. The plurality of wires  53  in the second embodiment are replaced with through-hole vias  68  in the mother semiconductor chip  61 . 
     The mother semiconductor chip  61  is designed with through-hole vias  68  with upper and lower capture pads  75 , which facilitate a vertical connection through to the base of the chip  61 . The through-hole via  68  and capture pads  75  may be designed to align and allow connection directly with the package connectors  54  and/or base support  52 . Multiple through-hole vias  68  may be arrayed to improve electrical connection or thermal relief. Conductive epoxy or solder material  58  is pre-deposited upon the plurality of package connectors  54 . This deposition of a conductive layer or solder  58  is made at the same time as the deposition of epoxy or solder material on the base support  52 . Upon placement of the mother semiconductor chip  61  a desired electrical connection between the underside of the mother semiconductor chip  61  and package connectors  54  and/or base support  52  is formed. 
     An alternative substrate material such as flex, pcb, ceramic or glass may also be used in place of the described mother semiconductor chip  61 . 
       FIG. 13(   a ) shows a side-elevation, cross-sectional view of a defined bend line  70  in the mounting metal foil. Processes of etching and scribing are used to define a particular cross-section within the mounting metal foil which will provide a repeatable, reliable and robust mechanism for bending of the mounting to form the connecting formation  59  and cover  60 . 
       FIG. 13(   b ) shows a side-elevation, cross-sectional view of the same single defined bend line  70  in the mounting metal foil after being formed to an angle of 90 degrees. 
       FIG. 14(   a ) shows a side-elevation, cross-sectional view of two defined bend line  70  in the mounting metal foil. The bend points  70  are defined at a distance specific and relating to the desired height of connecting formation  59  and separation from base support  52  and cover  60 . Processes of etching and/or scribing are used to define a particular cross-section within the mounting metal foil which will provide a repeatable, reliable and robust mechanism for bending of the mounting to form the connecting formation  59  and cover  60 . 
       FIG. 14(   b ) shows a side-elevation, cross-sectional view of same two defined bend line  70  in the mounting metal foil after each is bent through to an angle of 90 degrees. 
       FIGS. 13(   b ) and  14 ( b ) show the bend line feature formed by the removal of material from the outer side of the bend. There are advantages to methods of bending with the etched or scribed line  70  on the inner side of the bend. One advantage of this is that it allows greater control over the bending action. This is because the two sides of the etched or scribed line come into contact at a predetermined bending angle and stop the bending at that angle. Angles other than 90 degrees can be used. For example three bends of 60 degrees each could be used. 
       FIG. 15  shows a side-elevation, cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor package  50  mounted to a printed circuit board  73 . A thermally conductive material  71  is deposited upon the top surface (cover  60 ) of the package and used to dissipate heat. The thermally conductive material  71  is shown deposited so that it makes contact to a suitable casing or body  72  of the final product. Open arrows depict the general dissipation of heat energy away from the package. 
     Further embodiments of the invention use flip-chip bonding techniques. Before discussing these further embodiments in detail, the prior art flip-chip-onto-leadframe-pin MLP-type semiconductor package is discussed below. 
       FIG. 16  shows a cross-sectional view of a known flip-chip-onto-leadframe-pin MLP package. A top plan view of the same prior art mounting or leadframe for a flip-chip-onto-leadframe-pin QFN package is shown in  FIG. 17 . 
     With reference to  FIG. 16 , here the semiconductor die has been “bumped” using standard techniques to provide physical and electrically conductive connection to each of its signal pads. As previously mentioned above, popular methods of implementing the conductive bumps  66  are by gold stud, deposited and reflowed solder or deposited conductive column structures. The die has then been flipped over and mounted directly to the leadframe package pins using recognised methods. The package is moulded and diced using standard processes. 
     With reference to  FIG. 17 , the mounting  7  is designed with elongated peripheral pins making the desired connection from package edge to underneath the semiconductor die. 
     In this type of “flip-chip-onto-leadframe-pin” MLP package, the base die mounting pad used in wirebonded QFN packages is often removed to allow the inward extension of the peripheral package signal pads under the die. This also improves access for mould material. 
     Although not shown, it is also possible to have a base pad present allowing multiple connections under the chip. Thermal performance is improved through such an array of bumps connecting to this pad. 
       FIGS. 18 to 22  illustrate further aspects of the invention applied particularly to flip-chip mounting in packages. Like numerals refer to like features. 
     With reference to  FIG. 18 , here is shown a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a flip-chip-onto leadframe-pin MLP package, according to the invention. A plan view of the mounting design for the embodiment of  FIG. 18  is shown in  FIG. 19 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 18 , here, as with the prior art, a pre-bumped semiconductor die  41  has been flipped and mounted onto the base mounting pins  44 . Here the embodiment improves upon the prior art by providing an additional, exposed top pad heatsink and EMI shield. The top metal pad  60  is formed and attached to the back of the die  41  using standard materials such as solder paste or conductive adhesives. The side view of a half-etched support structure  72  is shown extending and anchoring the top pad and pins. This can be seen more clearly in  FIG. 19 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 19 , the mounting design for the embodiment is shown with the top die pad  60  lying flat. The top pad and bend structures  74  are mechanically supported by mounting material structures. 
       FIG. 20  shows a further embodiment of a flip-chip-onto-leadframe-pin package, where a base pad  52  is present thus enabling multiple die connections under the chip  51 . Thermal performance is improved through the flip-chip bumps connecting to this pad. 
       FIG. 21  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with a heatsink die. This embodiment is intended for use where extra thermal dissipation is required. 
     The embodiment shown in  FIG. 21  has an additional “die”  80  of thermally conductive material mounted upon the surface of the semiconductor die  51 . A thermally conductive adhesive can be used to fix the thermally conductive material to the surface of the semiconductor chip  51 . The thermally conductive material could be a diced piece of metal, such as copper, or a non-electrically conducting elastomeric material. The thermally conductive material may also be placed upon the upper face of the top pad, while flat and prior to leadframe bending. A half-etch recess (not shown) may also be defined to aid alignment of the thermally conductive die. 
     In the example shown, the process for assembling the package is substantially the same as described for other embodiments, but with the additional step of placing the die  80  onto the chip  51  before the cover is folded over. Thermal performance is thereby improved by providing a low thermally resistive path to the top and bottom package boundaries. 
     This method is particularly suitable for medium to large sized die where there is sufficient surface area to safely mount the die of thermally conductive material without disrupting peripheral wirebonds. 
     As previously shown in and discussed for  FIG. 11 , die may be stacked.  FIG. 22  shows a further embodiment of the invention where multiple (four-shown) semiconductor die  51   a - d  have been stacked using a combination of standard assembly techniques such as flip-chip and wirebond.  FIG. 22  shows a cross-section dissecting the package centre. The package provides both a thermally enhanced and EMI screened MLP packaging solution for multiple chips. The top die  51   d  (flip-chip mounted) has a direct connection the package&#39;s top metal pad thus providing an excellent route to dissipate heat away from the die stack. 
     This type of package can be assembled in the same manner as for a single chip package but with the following additional steps. After the first chip  51   a  has been mounted a variety of techniques can be used to mount the other chips, including thinned die, thinned die attach and spacing methods, and low-profile wire bonding techniques. The additional chips can stacked face up and wire bonded, as for  51   b  and  51   c . The chips can also be flip-chip mounted as detailed above. The chips may be wire bonded onto a common package, as shown here, or wire bonded die-to-die. Edge connectors (not shown) can also be used to connect multiple dies to a common mounting. Vias in the chips could also be used to provide interconnection. 
     The finished leadframe package can itself be stacked. 
     Further aspects of the invention incorporate surface mount technology (SMT) and passive components into the MLP package. 
       FIG. 23  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with integrated SMT passive components, in this example a leadframe based System-in-Package (SiP) solution. As discussed above the MLP package can be equipped with a top metal pad cover  60 . Recesses  84 , here indicated by a dotted line, can be defined in the cover. The recess can extend the cover to provide a connection to the SMP passive 
     The package is assembled in the manner described above. Discrete components such as surface mount capacitors or resistors are arranged to fit within these recesses. These components may be supportive to the correct function of the semiconductor die. Integrated passive networks can be deployed using, for example, ceramic substrate, GaAs or silicon thin film technology. Such integrated passive networks are often used in filter circuits and other RF applications. 
     The profile of the recesses  84  cut in the top pad can be varied to provide sufficient depth for the passive components to be fixed in place. 
       FIG. 24 , for example, shows how a recess  84  has been cut in the package&#39;s top metal pad, adapting it to give sufficient clearance to allow the larger support components and secondary die to retain the accepted standard height. The embodiment shown can be further modified to form a simultaneous electrical connection to both the package top pad and a bottom signal pin enhancing thermal performance and EMI protection. 
     Further embodiments of the invention incorporate enhanced EMI features into the MLP package. 
     A cross-sectional and plan view of an EMI enhanced package and its mounting are shown respectively in  FIGS. 25 and 26 . In these examples, the top metal pad  60  has been enlarged and fabricated with additional fold lines  86  using the same process as that used to define the bend points discussed previously, for example for  FIGS. 9 and 10 . 
     The fold lines define sidewalls  88 . In the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 25 and 26 , the leadframe top metal pad  60 , while still flat, can be shaped by various means, for example a mechanical stamp tool, to form the sides and the base of an up-turned open box. After subassembly, the formed box could, as with the principal embodiment&#39;s top metal pad, be bent up and over the mounted die subassembly. The combined box shape and interconnecting vertical structure equipped with the key bend points act as an electrically grounded EMI shield. As shown in  FIG. 26 , the boxed sidewalls  88  could be designed to maintain clearance or, where contact is required, provide a good electrical connection to the perimeter or centre ground pads of the leadframe base. 
     With reference to  FIG. 26 , the larger top pad with defined fold lines is shown lying flat. The final package dimension is indicated by dashed lines. Defined bend points are indicated by dotted lines. Perimeter cut-outs or reliefs can be designed to optimise space around sensitive electrical pins. The top metal pad is equipped with sidewalls  88  which are arranged to allow sufficient access for the plastic mould material. 
     The assembly of the enhanced EMI protection package shown in  FIGS. 25 and 26  follows the same steps as the other packages described above but with an additional step of bending the cover  60  at bend lines  88  to form the sidewalls  88 . 
       FIGS. 27 to 36  illustrate further aspects of the invention featuring an aperture in the MLP package, where it is advantageous to gain access by various means to the surface of the semiconductor chip. 
     In particular,  FIGS. 27 to 34  show embodiments for the packaging of image sensor semiconductor chips  91  for use in imaging systems, for example digital camera applications. Such devices require a window  96  in the package allowing light to fall onto the chip surface. Image sensor chips are equipped with arrays of receptors capable of capturing the light and passing this information as an electrical signal to the system. 
     The cover  98  is equipped with an aperture to provide a semi-rigid frame or support for the holding and mounting of the glass and/or lens. The package offers an optimised, cheap and low profile solution overcoming many of the assembly issues reported by image sensor manufacturers. For example, correct alignment of components such as lenses in optical systems is important to quality control. Furthermore, assembly of the different components needed to make such an optical system can be intricate and time consuming, increasing manufacturing costs. 
       FIG. 27  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with an aperture feature. In this example, a “die”  100  of transparent material has been fixed upon the surface of the semiconductor chip using standard assembly techniques. Here a half-etch recess  102  has been used to aid glass die alignment and adhesion. The transparent material could be a cut piece of glass, a pre-shaped lens, a combination of both of these. The package body mould material could also be transparent. 
       FIGS. 28 and 29  respectively show a square or round “window”  96  could be defined in the top metal pad. If a square glass die (for example IR filter, Borosilicate, or pre-shaped lens) is used it may be placed upon the upper or lower face of the top pad, while flat, and prior to leadframe bending, thus simplifying the assembly process for this type of device. 
     This type of package construction is particularly suitable for medium-larger sized die where there is sufficient chip area to safely mount the glass die without disrupting peripheral wirebonds. 
     A transparent epoxy of a similar refractive index to the glass is recommended for fixing the glass to the semiconductor and leadframe surfaces. 
       FIG. 30  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package according to the invention with an aperture feature fitted with a lens  104 . In this example, showing the cross-sectional ellipse of a lens made of transparent material, the lens has been fixed to the outer surface of the top metal pad using standard assembly techniques. A half-etch recess  106  around the aperture has been used to aid lens alignment and adhesion. The space between the lens underside and semiconductor chip surface is filled with a transparent material  108  such as an epoxy. 
     The semiconductor and lens package can be assembled from a mounting with an aperture in the top pad as follows. A semiconductor chip  91  can be placed on a mounting using the standard techniques described before. The individual mounts are then folded through a nominal angle of 90° along each of the fold lines  70  so that the cover  98  extends over the chip  91 , parallel to the base  52  and connectors  54 . The transparent material,  108  can be injected to fill the void between the chip  91  and aperture  96 . 
     Alternatively it can be applied to the chip  91  before folding of the mounting. The sealing material  55  is then injected between the cover and the chip  91 . The lens  104  is then fixed to the assembly, using the recess  106  to align the lens correctly to the chip  91 . 
       FIG. 31  shows a top plan view of a round “window”  96  can be defined in a double metal pad  110  arrangement.  FIGS. 32 and 33  shows how this double pad  110  in the leadframe can be alternatively formed to hold a square glass die  98  and/or pre-shaped (round) lens  102 . This general method and form for holding a single square glass die and/or pre-shaped lens may be extended to provide a structure to hold multiple lenses or die. This type of assembly can be used where there is a need for a complex lens/optical system assembly, for example, combining lenses with optical filters. 
     The packages shown in  FIGS. 32 and 33  offer an improved method of assembly. As before, beginning from a flat mounting, for example that shown in  FIG. 31 , the chip is fixed and connected to the mounting and the square die attached to the chip  91 . The lens  102  is placed on the double pad  110 , on the round aperture  92 . The lens can be secured into place using the recess  106  for alignment. The double pad is folded along fold lines  70  as before, bending a first pad over the chip  91  and die  98  as previously described. The portion holding the lens  102  is then bent back over the first pad such that the lens is held between the first and second top pads. The two apertures in the pad are aligned such that the edges of the aperture of the lower top pad form lower edges to align the lens. This procedure allows the lens assembly to be easily assembled and correctly aligned. 
     Furthermore, the open aperture type of MLP package can be deployed in sensor applications, for example for use in biometrics applications. 
       FIGS. 34 and 35  show two such embodiments of the invention for biometrics systems. In  FIG. 35  the top metal pad is attached directly to the chip  111  using standard materials and techniques. The top surface  112  of the chip is exposed. 
     In many biometrics applications the top surface  112  of a protective coated semiconductor chip  111  needs to be exposed to allow an interface with the “real world”. An example is a fingerprint identification chip where the user&#39;s finger is placed upon the surface of the die. 
     The frame is designed to fully expose the semiconductor die sensor array without causing disruption to the peripheral wirebonds. 
     An alternative sensor embodiment is shown in  FIG. 36 . This figure shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package with exposed die feature and gel-filled cavity  116 . This configuration can be used in, for example, pressure sensing applications. In such a pressure sensor the interface gel material  116  acts as a medium to track environmental pressure changes to the surface of the semiconductor chip. The gel material also acts to protect the sensitive die surface. 
     The inventions top metal pad is used to provide a supportive frame and desired opening allowing accurate forming of the gel material  116 . 
     The sensor package may be pre or post-moulded using the techniques previously described. The frame and gel window is configured to allow sufficient gel material to access the semiconductor die pressure sensor. 
     In a further embodiment, the cover of a chip package can be tailored to specific applications and needs, as illustrated in  FIGS. 37 to 43 . 
     For example,  FIG. 37  shows the further embodiment where the package is equipped with an internal top metal pad  60  acting as an EMI shield. The top metal pad structure  60  is surrounded by the mould material  55  and no external exposure of the top pad is provided. The mould material defines the outer boundary of the top of the package. 
       FIG. 38  shows a side elevation, cross-sectional view of an MLP-type package with a partially exposed top metal pad EMI shield. 
     In this example the package is equipped with a partially exposed top metal pad  60 . The top metal pad  60  provides a combined EMI shield and heat sink, shown here patterned with trenches  112  using the standard leadframe half-etch processes. The pattern formed by the trenches found in its outer surface  112  is designed to allow a controlled mould material ingress, improving manufacturability, and reliability by retaining the cover in place in the package. The patterned surface allows for improved interlocking of the pad  60  and mould material  55 . 
     The highest points of the patterned top pad can be arranged to remain exposed after moulding. A partial external exposure of the top pad is therefore provided. The top pad pattern may be designed to still provide sufficient exposed metal for access to the top metal pad. The mould material partially defines the outer boundary of the top of the package. Package reliability is enhanced through the use of the extra anchor points provided at the patterned upper side of the top metal pad. 
       FIG. 39  shows the cross-section of a package with the patterned trenches  126  underside of the top metal pad  60 . Reliability of the package structure may be enhanced through the use of a patterned underside of the top metal pad, allowing improved integrity of the mould and frame structure. The pattern could be designed as a combined series of half-etch channels, fully etched holes or full thickness recesses. The design of the pattern can optimised for mould access and flow and to avoid air/gas bubbles. 
     Other materials can also be combined in the MLP assembly. For example,  FIG. 40  shows how a glob-top  130  or other suitable dielectric fill material may be dispensed over the active die surface and other subassembly structures (for example, wirebonds), prior to bending the top metal pad. This provides additional structural protection for the chips mounted in the package. 
     The electromagnetic coupling capabilities of the MLP package can also be further enhanced. For example,  FIG. 41  shows how apertures or slots  130  are formed within the top metal pad to permit the electromagnetic coupling of waves of a certain frequency (wavelength) through the top metal pad. This structure may be of advantage for the mounting for a radio system&#39;s antenna or electromagnetic coupling to other popular microwave components such as filters and waveguides. 
       FIGS. 42 and 43  show how further stack constructions can be used to optimise thermal, electrical and EMI shielding in a multiple die stack. Here two chips  132  are shown mounted conventionally and a third chip  134  is flip-chip mounted and connected to them. The basic design of having a top metal pad is unchanged. 
     In  FIG. 42  the base die attach pad has been etched to a partial thickness using the techniques already discussed and  FIG. 43  shows how solder spheres may be used to connect a mother die to the peripheral package pads. 
     The EMI shielding discussed above can be adapted to meet the appropriate government regulations and to further meet the operating requirements of the mounted semiconductor assembly, for example to provide immunity from other interfering RF signals or allow operation of RF circuitry within the package. The package and mounting can be adapted to meet appropriate regulations for various and known wireless standards. Furthermore, such RF SiP solutions as discussed above can provide for integrated antenna means in the cover  60 . 
     The MLP packaging described above can be further adapted to include useful structures and functions. 
     For example,  FIG. 44  shows how the top metal pad  60  can be defined with apertures to provide an inductive element  154 . In this example, a semiconductor chip  150  is shown mounted with its wirebonds  152  connecting the chip to peripheral base pins. The top pad structure  60  is etched in a serpentine pattern  154  to form a serpentine inductor. The inductor is formed about the two connecting formations  59  equipped with defined bend points  70 , (indicated by dotted lines) and thus sits above the mounted semiconductor once the package has been assembled as described above. 
     The example shown in  FIG. 44  shows how the continuous serpentine path of the top metal pad  60  is designed to electrically and physically connect to peripheral or package base pins through two connecting formations  59  equipped with defined bend points. This connecting method provides a robust, reliable and low resistance connection to the inductive element  150  the two connecting formations may also be used to define the final package height. 
     Situating the inductive element in a parallel, upper plain above the semiconductor chip assembly and base/peripheral package pins further reduces the component package area. 
     The package design in the example shown in  FIG. 44  also shows how wirebonds, or alternatively flip-chip connections, can be used to electrically connect the semiconductor chip to the peripheral package pins and base pads for connection to the inductive element. 
     When connected to a system neutral RF, for example, Ground or direct current Voltage Supply, the upper plain inductive element has the additional advantage of functioning as an integrated EMI shield and heatsink/heatspreader, as previously described above. 
     It is further possible to combine the inductive element with a further metal pad, as shown in  FIG. 45 . In this example a second top metal pad  160  may be formed to fit over the semiconductor chip assembly and the inductive element. Electrical and physical isolation between the inductor and shield would be maintained. The separation between bend points in the single connecting formation connecting the top metal pad to the semiconductor ship die attach pad is greater than between those on the connecting formations for the inductor to provide sufficient final package height and to ensure that the cover is spaced from the inductor. 
     This approach to integrating inductive elements into the package can also be used for integrating other passive components such as capacitors, for example interdigitated capacitors. It would also be possible to extend the approach to help integrate other components such as microstrip couplers and filters. 
       FIG. 46  is a table of results of electromagnetic interference simulations for the package design shown in  FIG. 2 . A series of comparative simulations were conducted on a standard package with no top metal pad and the improved package with the top metal pad  60  acting as a shield. Using recognised methods of emission type EMI simulation, monitor points were distributed at representative positions surrounding the package. 
     The packages shown in the above examples can be demonstrated to provide a local EMI shield. The simulations show improvements in shield effectiveness of approximately 10 dB at application frequencies of up to 10 GHz for the E field, and of approximately 20 dB for the H field. Effective EMI shielding is important for meeting regulations on electromagnetic emissions, especially considering the higher frequencies at which modern electronics equipment operates. It will be appreciated that several design factors, such as the spacing between the cover or top pad and the semiconductor chip, and the overhang of the top pad, can be optimized to improve shielding effectiveness. Further simulated results for larger packages have shown improved results for shield effectiveness up to 40 dB at frequencies of up to 10 GHz. 
     Computer simulations of thermal dissipation in the package show improvements over conventional packages. The structure and immediate environment of the package was simulated using computational fluid dynamics software. The die sizes, materials and constant power dissipations assumed are given in the table of  FIG. 47 . 
       FIG. 48  is a table of results of thermal simulations for the multiple stacked die in a package as shown in  FIG. 11 . In this example two daughter die are flip-chip mounted onto a third mother die. In such a package the top metal pad would be attached to the rear top side of the daughter die using conductive epoxy and the mother die would be attached to the package using conductive epoxy. 
     As can be seen from the table, the heat dissipation simulations show improvements in heat dissipation of approximately 21 degrees C., an improvement of 22%, in the daughter chips  62 , 63  compared to standard packaging configurations. The thermal energy produced by the daughter die is dissipated through the packages internal structure to the printed circuit board. 
     By improving the thermal dissipation qualities of the packaging it is possible to mount more semiconductor chips that consume more power and therefore generate more heat. For example, it would be possible to drive semiconductor chips at higher speeds without failure due to overheating.