Abstract:
The substrate of a liquid crystal display has a non-square rectangular shape and is bent such that the longer edges of the rectangular shape are nonlinear while the shorter edges are linear. Liquid crystal containerizing micro-cavities of the display are organized to be elongated in the extending direction of the nonlinear longer edges of the substrate while gate lines and liquid crystal injection holes forming areas are formed extending in the extending direction of the linear shorter edges of the substrate. Concentration of mechanical stresses may be reduced due to this configuration.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0154035 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Dec. 11, 2013, the entire contents of which application are incorporated herein by reference. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    (a) Technical Field 
         [0003]    The present disclosure of invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) having a bent screen and more specifically to one in which the liquid crystals are encapsulated in micro-cavities. 
         [0004]    (b) Description of Related Technology 
         [0005]    A liquid crystal display (LCD) is one of the flat panel displays that are currently most widely used. LCD&#39;s typically include two panels where at least one of them has electric field generating electrodes disposed thereon, such as pixel electrodes and a common electrode, where a liquid crystal layer is disposed therebetween. 
         [0006]    The LCD is configured to produce electric fields extending through the liquid crystal layer by applying corresponding voltages across the electric field generating electrodes. The produced electric fields determine corresponding alignments of local liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer. A displayed image is then formed by using the oriented liquid crystals for controlling polarization of incident light. 
         [0007]    One technique for implementing a LCD display involves forming a plurality of micro-cavities for a respective one or more pixels and filling the micro-cavities with liquid crystal such that liquid crystal material is containerized in the areas where the micro-cavities are present. When the micro-cavities technology is used, the typical two-panel configuration for the LCD is no longer needed and it is possible to reduce a weight, a thickness, and the like, of the LCD by forming constituent elements on only a single substrate. 
         [0008]    One class of LCD&#39;s uses a flexible substrate whereby the LCD is rendered bendable. In this instance, excessive stress may become concentrated on structural points at which the micro-cavities are formed. 
         [0009]    It is to be understood that this background of the technology section is intended to provide useful background for understanding the here disclosed technology and as such, the technology background section may include ideas, concepts or recognitions that were not part of what was known or appreciated by those skilled in the pertinent art prior to corresponding invention dates of subject matter disclosed herein. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0010]    The present disclosure of invention provides a liquid crystal device that includes liquid crystal containerizing micro-cavities and is bendable, where the device is configured to reduce stress concentration within the bent structure. 
         [0011]    More specifically, the substrate of the liquid crystal display device has a non-square rectangular shape and it is bent such that the longer edges of the rectangular shape are nonlinear when viewed from the side while the shorter edges are linear. Liquid crystal containerizing micro-cavities of the display are organized to be elongated in the extending direction of the nonlinear longer edges of the substrate while gate lines and liquid crystal injection holes forming areas (e.g., troughs) are formed extending in the extending direction of the linear shorter edges of the substrate. Concentration of mechanical stresses may be reduced due to this configuration because stress from bending is distributed along the direction of the longer length longer sides of the substrate. 
         [0012]    An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a liquid crystal display, including: a substrate provided in a rectangular shape including a single pair of long sides and a single pair of shorter sides, and including a display area for displaying an image and a peripheral area positioned around the display area; a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix form within the display area; a thin film transistor connected to each pixel; a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor; a roof layer disposed spaced apart from and facing the pixel electrode; a micro-cavity disposed between the pixel electrode and the roof layer; and a liquid crystal material injected into the micro-cavity. Each pixel is provided in a rectangular shape including a single pair of long pixel sides and a single pair of shorter short pixel sides, and the long side of the pixel is in parallel with the long side of the substrate, and the short side of the pixel is in parallel with the short side of the substrate, the substrate is bent toward a direction in which the long side of the substrate is extended, and a liquid crystal injection holes forming area (trough) is extended in a direction in which the short side of the substrate is extended. 
         [0013]    The liquid crystal display may further include: a gate line connected to the thin film transistor, and configured to transfer a gate signal to each pixel; and a data line connected to the thin film transistor, and configured to transfer a data signal to each pixel. The gate line may be extended in the direction in which the short side of the substrate is extended, and the data line may be extended in the direction in which the long side of the substrate is extended. 
         [0014]    The liquid crystal display may further include: a plurality of gate drivers disposed on the peripheral area and connected to the gate lines; and a plurality of data drivers disposed on the peripheral area and connected to the data lines. 
         [0015]    The gate drivers may be disposed along a long side portion of the substrate. 
         [0016]    The gate drivers may be monolithically integrated on the substrate. 
         [0017]    The data drivers may include a plurality of first data drivers and a plurality of second data drivers respectively disposed on opposed short side portions of the substrate. 
         [0018]    An odd numbered data line among the data lines may be connected to the first data driver, and an even numbered data line among the data lines may be connected to the second data driver. 
         [0019]    Each micro-cavity may containerize liquid crystal material corresponding to a respective single pixel. 
         [0020]    The liquid crystal injection holes forming area may be disposed between the respective pixels in the direction in which the long side of the substrate is extended. 
         [0021]    The micro-cavities may extend over a length corresponding to two or more pixels consecutively continued in the direction in which the long side of the substrate is extended. 
         [0022]    The liquid crystal injection holes forming area may be disposed between the plurality of pixels consecutively continued in the direction in which the long side of the substrate is extended. 
         [0023]    The liquid crystal display may further include a capping layer disposed on the roof layer, and the capping layer may cover the liquid crystal injection holes forming area so as to seal closed the liquid crystal injection holes. 
         [0024]    The liquid crystal display may further include a common electrode and a lower insulating layer disposed between the micro-cavity and the roof layer, and the lower insulating layer may be disposed on the common electrode. 
         [0025]    The liquid crystal display may further include an upper insulating layer disposed between the roof layer and the capping layer. 
         [0026]    According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to reduce stress applied to a structure constituting a micro-cavity by extending a liquid crystal injection hole forming area in a direction in which a short side of a substrate is extended, which is a direction in which a liquid crystal display is not bent. 
         [0027]    Also, it is possible to prevent a voltage drop of the gate lines from excessively dropping due to the stress by extending the gate lines along the direction of the short sides of the substrate and by disposing a relatively small number of gate line drivers in a direction in which the liquid crystal display is bent, that is, an upper end portion of the substrate that is a long side portion of the substrate. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0028]      FIG. 1  is a top plan view of a liquid crystal display (LCD) according to a first exemplary embodiment in accordance with the present disclosure of invention. 
           [0029]      FIG. 2  is a view illustrating a case in which an LCD according to the first exemplary embodiment is bent. 
           [0030]      FIG. 3  is a more detailed layout view illustrating a repeated portion of the LCD of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0031]      FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view taken along cutting-plane line IV-IV of  FIG. 3 . 
           [0032]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view taken along cutting-plane line V-V of  FIG. 3 . 
           [0033]      FIGS. 6 through 16  are cross-sectional views illustrating a manufacturing method of an LCD according to the first exemplary embodiment. 
           [0034]      FIG. 17  is a view of an LCD according to another exemplary embodiment. 
           [0035]      FIG. 18  is a more detailed layout view illustrating a repeated portion of the LCD of  FIG. 17 . 
           [0036]      FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional view taken along cutting-plane line XIX-XIX of  FIG. 18 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0037]    Exemplary embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure of invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing. However, the present teachings are not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein and may be embodied in various other forms. The exemplary embodiments introduced herein are provided to fully complement and supplement the disclosed description and to sufficiently transfer the spirit of the present teachings to those skilled in the art. 
         [0038]    In the drawings, thicknesses of layers and areas are exaggerated for clarity. Also, when a layer is described to be “on” another layer or a substrate, the layer may be directly formed on the other layer or the substrate, or a third layer may be disposed between the layer and the other layer or the substrate. Throughout the specification, portions indicated using like reference numerals refer to like constituent elements. 
         [0039]      FIG. 1  is a top plan schematic view of a liquid crystal display (LCD)  1000  according to a first exemplary embodiment. 
         [0040]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , the LCD  1000  according to the present exemplary embodiment includes a flexible substrate  110  and a plurality of gate lines drive circuits  400  and a plurality of data lines driver circuits  500  disposed on the substrate  110  for example either as monolithically integrated circuits directly integrated with the substrate  110  or as integrated circuit chips mounted on the substrate  110 . 
         [0041]    The substrate  110  is provided in the form of an elongated rectangular shape including an opposed pair of long sides extending in an X-axis direction and an opposed pair of short sides extending in a Y-axis direction. The top major surface of the substrate  110  is subdivided into a display area DA configured for displaying an image and into a non-displaying peripheral area PA positioned around the display area DA. In the present exemplary embodiment, the X-axis directed long sides are shown in  FIG. 1  to be extended in a horizontal direction of the schematic drawing, and the Y-axis directed short sides are shown in  FIG. 1  to be extended in a vertical direction of the schematic drawing. That is, in the substrate  110 , the lengths of the sides extended in the horizontal direction (in the X direction) are greater than the lengths of the sides extended in the vertical direction (in the Y direction). The substrate  110  is made of a transparent flexible and electrically insulative material such as a transparent plastic. 
         [0042]    A plurality of gate lines (G 1 , G 2 , . . . , G m ), a plurality of data lines (D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 , . . . , D n , and a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix form are disposed across the display area DA. 
         [0043]    The plurality of pixels includes a red pixel (R), a green pixel (G), and a blue pixel (B). Each pixel is provided in an elongated rectangular shape which is elongated in the same X direction along which the substrate  110  is elongated. More specifically, each pixel has a single pair of opposed long sides and a single pair of opposed short sides. A long side of each pixel is in parallel with a long side of the substrate  110 , and a short side of each pixel is in parallel with a short side of the substrate  110 . 
         [0044]    A liquid crystal injection holes forming area  307 FP is disposed between respective adjacent ones of the pixels where the injection holes forming area  307 FP is elongated along the Y direction so that micro-cavity filling holes  305  may be formed extending in a direction perpendicular to the elongation direction of the injection holes forming area  307 FP, namely, extending in the direction in which the long side of each respective pixel is extended, that is, tin he horizontal direction. More specifically, the liquid crystal injection holes forming area  307 FP is extended in the direction in which the short sides of the pixels serviced thereby are extended, that is, the vertical direction. The liquid injection holes forming area  307 FP may be in the form of a trough having liquid crystal injection holes formed along both interior sidewalls of the trough as shall be described below. In one embodiment, a single micro-cavity  305  is respectively provided for each corresponding single pixel. The micro-cavity  305  is constituted by a structure of a lower insulating layer  350 , a common electrode  270 , an upper insulating layer  370 , and a roof layer  360 , which will be described below, and a liquid crystal material is injected into (e.g., introduced into, by way of capillary action) the micro-cavity  305  so as to substantially fill the micro-cavity. 
         [0045]    Also, after the micro-cavities are respectively filled with their respective micro-volumes of liquid crystal material, a partition wall forming portion (PWP—see  FIG. 5 ) is formed between the respective pixels and like the trough of the injection holes forming area  307 FP, the partition wall forming portion (PWP) is elongated in the direction in which the short sides of its serviced pixels are extended, that is, in the vertical Y direction. The trough ( 307 FP) which is initially present between split portions of the lower insulating layer  350 , the common electrode  270 , the upper insulating layer  370 , and the roof layer  360 , which will be described below, is filled in by the material of the PWP. The PWP-filled structure may therefore partition or define the X direction extents of the respective micro-cavities  305  as closed off (sealed) by the forming of the partition wall. 
         [0046]    As indicated in  FIG. 1 , corresponding ones of the gate lines (G 1 -G m ) that transfer respective gate signals to their respectively serviced columns of pixels and are extended underneath the respective troughs of the injection holes forming area  307 FP, namely, in the Y axis direction in which the short sides of the respectively serviced each pixel are extended. Moreover, and as further indicated in  FIG. 1 , corresponding ones of the data lines (D 1 -D n ) that transfer respective data signals to their respectively serviced rows of pixel and are extended in the direction in which the long sides of their respectively serviced pixels are extended, that is, the horizontal X direction. 
         [0047]    The plurality of gate drivers  400  and the plurality of data drivers  500  are disposed on the peripheral area PA. In one embodiment, the data lines driver  500  includes a plurality of first data driver circuits  500   a  disposed on a left side portion of the substrate  110  and a plurality of second data driver circuits  500   b  disposed on a right side portion of the substrate  110 . The gate lines driver  400  is connected to the gate lines (G 1 -G m ) to apply respective gate signals to the gate lines (G 1 -G m ), the data driver  500  is connected to the data lines (D 1 -D n ) to apply respective data signals to the data lines (D 1 -D n ). Here, odd numbered data lines (D 1 , D 3 , . . . , D n-1 ) are connected to the first data driver  500   a,  and even numbered data lines (D 2 , D 4 , . . . , D n ) are connected to the second data driver  500   b.    
         [0048]    In one embodiment, each gate lines driver circuit  400  is disposed at an upper end portion of the substrate  110  in a form of a single integrated circuit (IC) chip. However, the present disclosure of invention is not limited thereto and each gate lines driver  400  may be monolithically integrated such that it uses thin film transistors Q similar to those of the display area and where the monolithically integrated gate lines driver circuitry is distributively disposed at the upper end portion of the substrate  110 . 
         [0049]    Each first data driver  500   a  is disposed on the left side portion of the substrate  110  in a form of a single IC chip, and each second data driver  500   b  is disposed on the right side portion of the substrate  110  in a form of a single IC chip. 
         [0050]    The number of data lines drive units ( 500 ) is typically greater than the number of gate lines driver units ( 400 ). Accordingly, in conventional setups, the data drive units (similar to  500 ) are generally distributively disposed across the upper end portion or a lower end portion of the substrate that is a long side portion of the substrate  110 . Contrary to this conventional setup, in the present exemplary embodiment, the data lines drive units  500  are distributively disposed across both of the short side portions of the substrate  110 , in other words, by disposing the data drivers  500  on both the left side portion and the right side portion of the substrate  110 . 
         [0051]    Accordingly, a relatively smaller number of gate lines driver units  400  may be disposed at the upper end portion of the substrate  110  that is the longer side of the substrate  110 . 
         [0052]    Meanwhile, the LCD  1000  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may have a flexible substrate  110  and may be bent, for example about a central Y axis as illustrated in  FIG. 2  (which is taken in the plane of the Z-axis and the X-axis). 
         [0053]      FIG. 2  is a view illustrating a case in which the LCD  1000  according to an exemplary embodiment that is bent. 
         [0054]    When the substrate  110  is made of a non-elastic material such as glass, the LCD  1000  may be maintained in a bent state. When the substrate  110  is a flexible substrate made of a flexible material such as polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polyarylate (PAR), polyether imide (PEI), polyether sulfone 
         [0055]    (PES), and polyimide (PI), the LCD  1000  may be bent and then unbent again. 
         [0056]    The present exemplary embodiment illustrates a state in which the LCD  1000  is bent in the direction in which the long side of the substrate  110  is extended, that is, upwardly at its in ends in the Z-direction and about a central Y axis. In this instance, a curvature radius is greater than a length of the long side of the substrate  110 . 
         [0057]    The liquid crystal injection holes forming area  307 FP (trough) for separating the micro-cavities  305  is extended in the direction in which the short side of each pixel is extended, that is, the vertical direction. That is, the liquid crystal injection holes forming area  307 FP is extended in the direction in which the short side of the substrate  1110  is extended. 
         [0058]    Here, when the LCD  1000  is so bent, mechanical stress may become concentrated at differentiations in structure as disposed along the X direction of the substrate  110  and in particular such differentiations of structure occur at terminal ends of the micro-cavities  305 , whereby; if hypothetically-speaking, the elongation directions of the micro-cavities  305  are oriented in the Y direction (which they are not in the disclosed embodiment) the bending strains of the bent LCD  1000  would tend to cause elongated lengths of stress-induced damage such as formation of long cracks along the Y direction of the structure. However, in the present exemplary embodiment, the elongation directions of the micro-cavities  305  are oriented in the X direction; whereby it is possible to more smoothly distribute the stresses developed in the bent structure constituting the micro-cavities  305  and thus reduce the localized concentrations of such stresses, this being done by disposing the liquid crystal injection holes forming area (trough)  307 FP to be elongated in the direction in which the LCD  1000  is not bent, that is, in the Y direction in which the direction that the short sides of the substrate  110  are extended along. 
         [0059]    Specifically, due to the liquid crystal injection hole forming area  307 FP, the structure constituting the micro-cavity  305  is elongated in the direction in which the LCD  1000  is bent, that is, the horizontal direction. Accordingly, the stress, which is applied to the structure constituting the micro-cavity  305  when the LCD  1000  is bent, is spread over a longer distance, less concentrated, and thus reduced at places where the structure of the micro-cavity  305  presents a structural discontinuity. 
         [0060]    Also, in the present exemplary embodiment, it is possible to prevent or reduce an RC-based drop of voltage output by the gate lines driver  400  which may be increased due to the stress by disposing the gate drivers  400  at the upper end portion of the substrate  110  such that the gate lines extending in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the LCD  1000  is bent, that is, the lengths of the gate lines are shortened by extending parallel to the shorter side portion of the substrate  110  and the conductive material(s) of the gate lines are not greatly bent because the bending is in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the gate lines. 
         [0061]    Additionally, when the gate lines drive circuitry  400  is not provided in a form of separately mounted IC chips and instead, is monolithically integrated together with the other components of the thin film substrate, the mechanical stress on the gate lines drive circuitry  400  is distributed along the longer distance of the long side of the substrate and thus the monolithically integrated gate lines drive circuitry  400  may not be as negatively affected by the stress as if the bending were concentrated over the distance of the short side of the substrate and applied as such in a more concentrated manner to the gate lines or data lines drive circuitries  400  and  500 . 
         [0062]    Hereinafter, a structure of an LCD according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure of invention will be described in detail with reference to  FIGS. 3 through 5 . 
         [0063]      FIG. 3  is a top plan view illustrating an LCD according to an exemplary embodiment.  FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view taken along cutting-plane line IV-IV of  FIG. 3 .  FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view taken along cutting-plane line V-V of  FIG. 3 . 
         [0064]    Referring to  FIGS. 3 through 5 , a gate line  121  and a storage electrode line  131  are disposed on a base substrate  110  made of a bendable transparent glass, plastic, and/or the like. 
         [0065]    The gate line  121  is generally extended in the vertical direction (Y direction parallel to the shorter side of the substrate  110 ) and transfers a corresponding gate signal to pixels served by that gate line. The gate line  121  includes gate electrodes  124  integrally protruding (branching) therefrom in the horizontal direction. 
         [0066]    The storage electrode line  131  is generally extended in the vertical direction (the Y direction parallel to the shorter side of the substrate  110 ) and transfers a predetermined voltage such as a common voltage Vcom along that direction for coupling for example to corresponding portion of the common electrode. The storage electrode line  131  includes a spaced apart pair of horizontal portions  135   a  substantially vertically extended with respect to the vertical gate line  121  and a vertical portions  135   b  connecting ends of the pair of spaced apart horizontal portions  135   a  to each other so as to form surrounding boxes around the pixels. In other words, the combination of the horizontally-extending portions  135   a  and the vertically extending portions  135   b  of the storage electrode line  131  have a structure that surrounds a pixel electrode  191  to be described below. 
         [0067]    A gate insulating layer  140  is disposed on the gate line  121  and the storage electrode line  131 . 
         [0068]    A semiconductive layer  151  is disposed on the gate insulating layer  140 . The semiconductive layer  151  includes a protrusion  154  overlapping the gate electrode  124 . 
         [0069]    A data line  171  including a source electrode  173  and a drain electrode  175  are disposed on the semiconductive layer  151 . 
         [0070]    The data line  171  transfers a data signal, is generally extended in the horizontal direction (the X direction parallel to the longer side of the substrate  110 ), and intersects the vertically-extending gate line  121  and the generally vertically-extending storage electrode line structure  131 . The source electrode  173  protrudes toward the gate electrode  124 , and is disposed on the protrusion  154  of the semiconductive layer  151 . The drain electrode  175  is separated from the data line  171 , and is disposed on the protrusion  154  of the semiconductive layer  151 . The drain electrode  175  faces the source electrode  173  based on the gate electrode  124 . 
         [0071]    The gate electrode  124 , the source electrode  173 , and the drain electrode  175  defined respective parts of a single thin film transistor Q together with the protrusion  154  of the semiconductive layer  151 , and a channel of the thin film transistor Q is formed on the protrusion  154  of the semiconductive layer  151  between the source electrode  173  and the drain electrode  175 . 
         [0072]    An ohmic contact functioning to lower contact resistance between the semiconductive layer  151  and the data line  171  and between the protrusion  154  of the semiconductive layer  151  and the source electrode  173  and the drain electrode  175  may be disposed therebetween. The semiconductive layer  151  may include at least one of a semiconductor such as silicon or a semiconductive oxide. 
         [0073]    A first interlayer insulating layer  180   a  is disposed on the protrusion  154  of the semiconductive layer  151  and the gate insulating layer  140  between the data line  171  and the drain electrode  175 , and between the source electrode  173  and the drain electrode  175 . The first interlayer insulating layer  180   a  may include an inorganic insulator or an organic insulator such as a silicon nitride (SiNx) and a silicon oxide (SiOx). 
         [0074]    A color filter  230 , a vertical light blocking member  220   a,  and a horizontal light blocking member  220   b  are disposed on the first interlayer insulating layer  180   a.    
         [0075]    The vertical light blocking member  220   a  is disposed along a direction in parallel with the gate line  121 , and the horizontal light blocking member  220   b  is disposed along a direction in parallel with the data line  171 . The vertical light blocking member  220   a  and the horizontal light blocking member  220   b  are connected to each other and thereby configured in a lattice structure having an opening corresponding to an aperture area for displaying a corresponding portion of the to be formed image, and include a material through which light does not transmit. 
         [0076]    The color filter  230  is disposed on the opening by the vertical light blocking member  220   a  and the horizontal light blocking member  220   b,  and may display one of primary colors, such as three primary colors including red, green, and blue. However, without being limited to three primary colors including red, green, and blue, the color filter  230  may also display one of cyan, magenta, yellow, and white or clear based colors. The color filter  230  may include a material for displaying the same color for each pixel adjacent in the horizontal direction, and may include a material for displaying a different color for each pixel adjacent in the vertical direction. 
         [0077]    A second interlayer insulating layer  180   b  is disposed on the color filter  230 , the vertical light blocking member  220   a,  and the horizontal light blocking member  220   b.  The second interlayer insulating layer  180   b  may include an inorganic insulator or an organic insulator such as a silicon nitride (SiNx) and a silicon oxide (SiOx). Dissimilar to the cross-sectional view of  FIG. 4 , in a case in which a step is formed due to a difference in a thickness between the color filter  230  and the vertical light blocking member  220   a,  the step may be reduced or removed by making the second interlayer insulating layer  180   b  include the organic insulator where the latter is planarized. 
         [0078]    A contact hole  185  configured to expose a portion of the drain electrode  175  is formed through the vertical light blocking member  220   a,  and the first and second interlayer insulating layers  180   a  and  180   b.    
         [0079]    The pixel electrode  191  connected to the drain electrode  175  via the contact hole  185  is disposed on the second interlayer insulating layer  180   b.  The pixel electrode  191  may be made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO or IZO. 
         [0080]    The entire shape of the pixel electrode  191  is a rectangular shape, and the pixel electrode  191  includes a cross-type stem including a vertical stem  191   a  and a horizontal stem  191   b  intersecting the vertical stem  191   a.  Also, the pixel electrode  191  is divided into four subareas by the vertical stem  191   a  and the horizontal stem  191   b,  and each subarea includes a plurality of inclined fine branches  191   c.  Also, in the present exemplary embodiment, the pixel electrode  191  may further include a circumferential stem surrounding the circumference of the pixel electrode  191 . 
         [0081]    In one embodiment, the fine branches  191   c  of the pixel electrode  191  form an angle of about 40 to 45 degrees with the gate line  121  or the vertical stem  191   a.  Also, the fine branches  191   c  of neighboring two subareas may be orthogonal to each other. Also, a width of the fine branches  191   c  may gradually increase, or an interval between the fine branches  191  may differ. 
         [0082]    The pixel electrode  191  includes an extender  197  connected at a lower end of the horizontal stem  191   b  and having a wider area than an area of the horizontal stem  191   b,  is physically and electrically connected from the extender  197  to the drain electrode  175  via the contact hole  185 , and is applied with a data voltage from the drain electrode  175 . 
         [0083]    The aforementioned description in relation to the thin film transistor Q and the pixel electrode  191  is an example and thus, a structure of the thin film transistor Q and a design of the pixel electrode  191  may be modified in various ways for example to improve lateral visibility in specific directions. 
         [0084]    A lower alignment layer  11  is disposed on the pixel electrode  191 , an upper alignment layer  21  is disposed on a portion facing the lower alignment layer  11 , and the micro-cavity  305  is disposed between the lower alignment layer  11  and the upper alignment layer  21 . 
         [0085]    The lower alignment layer  11  and the upper alignment layer  21  may be vertical liquid crystal pre-tilting alignment layers. The lower alignment layer  11  and the upper alignment layer  21  may include at least one of materials generally used as a liquid crystal alignment layer, such as polyamic acid, polysiloxane, and polyimide. 
         [0086]    A liquid crystal material including liquid crystal molecules  310  is introduced (e.g., via capillary action) into the micro-cavity  305  by way of a corresponding liquid crystal injection hole  307  of the micro-cavity  305 . The micro-cavity  305  may be elongated along the horizontal direction and successive ones of the micro-cavities may be disposed adjacent to one another along the vertical direction. In the present exemplary embodiment, an alignment material used to form the lower and upper alignment layers  11  and  21  and the liquid crystal material including the liquid crystal molecules  310  may be pre-injected into the micro-cavity  305  using a capillary force before the liquid crystal material is introduced. 
         [0087]    Horizontally adjacent ones of the micro-cavities  305  are divided from one another in the horizontal direction by corresponding ones of a plurality of liquid crystal injection hole forming areas (troughs)  307 FP positioned at a portion overlapping the respective gate lines  121 . In other words, the plurality of liquid crystal injection holes for the micro-cavities  305  is distributively formed along a direction in which the gate line  121  is extended. Each of the plurality of formed micro-cavities  305  may correspond to a single pixel, and the pixel may correspond to an area for displaying a pixel portion of an image. 
         [0088]    The common electrode  270  and the lower insulating layer  350  are disposed on the upper alignment layer  21 . The common electrode  270  is applied with a common voltage, generates an electric field together with the pixel electrode  191  to which a data voltage is applied, and thereby determines a direction in which the liquid crystal molecules  310  containerized within in the respective micro-cavity  305  between the common electrode  270  and the pixel electrode  191  are tilted. The common electrode  270  constitutes a capacitor together with the pixel electrode  191  and thereby maintains the applied voltage even after the thin film transistor is turned off. The lower insulating layer  350  includes a silicon nitride (SiNx) or a silicon oxide (SiO2). 
         [0089]    Even though the present exemplary embodiment describes that the common electrode  270  is formed on the micro-cavity  305 , the common electrode  270  according to another exemplary embodiment may be formed below the micro-cavity  305  and thereby drive liquid crystal in a coplanar electrode (CE) mode. 
         [0090]    The roof layer  360  is disposed on the lower insulating layer  350 . The roof layer  360  performs a supporting role so that the micro-cavity  305  that is an in-between space may be formed between the pixel electrode  191  and the common electrode  270 . The roof layer  360  may include photoresist or other organic materials. 
         [0091]    The upper insulating layer  370  is disposed on the roof layer  360 . The upper insulating layer  370  may contact with a top surface of the roof layer  360 . The upper insulating layer  370  includes a silicon nitride (SiNx) or a silicon oxide (SiO 2 ). 
         [0092]    A capping layer  390  is disposed on the upper insulating layer  370  and the liquid crystal injection hole forming area  307 FP. The capping layer  390  covers the liquid crystal injection holes  307  of the micro-cavities  305  where the micro-cavities are; before capping, exposed by the liquid crystal injection holes forming area  307 FP. The capping layer  390  fills the liquid crystal injection holes forming area  307 FP after the insertion of the liquid crystal material into the micro-cavities  305  is complete. The capping layer  390  includes an organic material or an inorganic material. 
         [0093]    Meanwhile, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the PWP is disposed between vertically neighboring micro-cavities  305 . In other words, the PWP may be formed as extending along the same direction in which the data line  171  is extended, and may be covered by the roof layer  360 . The lower insulating layer  350 , the common electrode  270 , the upper insulating layer  370 , and the roof layer  360  fill in the PWP. The above structure may partition or define the separated micro-cavities  305  by forming a partition wall. 
         [0094]    Hereinafter, a manufacturing method of an LCD according to an exemplary embodiment will be described with reference to  FIGS. 6 through 16  and  FIGS. 3 through 5 . The exemplary embodiment described in the following is an exemplary embodiment of the manufacturing method and thus, may be modified in another form and thereby implemented. 
         [0095]      FIGS. 6 through 16  are cross-sectional views illustrating a manufacturing method of an LCD according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure of invention.  FIGS. 6 ,  8 ,  10 ,  12 ,  13 , and  15  illustrate cross-sectional views, taken along the cutting-plane line IV-IV of  FIG. 3 , in an order of the manufacturing method.  FIGS. 7 ,  9 ,  11 ,  14 , and  16  illustrate cross-sectional views, taken along the cutting-plane line V-V of  FIG. 3 , in an order of the manufacturing method. 
         [0096]    Referring to  FIGS. 3 ,  6 , and  7 , the gate line  121  and the storage electrode line  131  are formed on the substrate  110 , and the gate insulating layer  140  is formed on the gate line  121  and the storage electrode line  131 . Same conductive materials may be used in simultaneously forming the gate lines  121  and the storage electrode lines  131 . Next, the semiconductive layer  151  is formed on the gate insulating layer  140  and then, the data line  171  and the drain electrode  175  are formed on the semiconductive layer  151 . 
         [0097]    Here, the gate line  121  and the storage electrode line  131  are extended in the vertical direction, and the data line  171  intersects the gate line  121  and the storage electrode line  131  and is extended in the vertical direction. Also, the gate line  121  includes the gate electrode  124  protruding in the horizontal direction, and the semiconductive layer  151  includes the protrusion  154  overlapping the gate electrode  124 . The data line  171  includes the source electrode  173  protruding toward the gate electrode  124  and formed on the protrusion  154  of the semiconductive layer  151 . The drain electrode  175  is separated from the data line  171 , is formed on the protrusion  154  of the semiconductive layer  151 , and faces the source electrode  173  based on the gate electrode  124 . 
         [0098]    The first interlayer insulating layer  180   a  is formed on the protrusion  154  of the semiconductive layer  151  and the gate insulating layer  140  between the data line  171  and the drain electrode  175 , and between the source electrode  173  and the drain electrode  175 . The color filter  230 , the vertical light blocking member  220   a,  and the horizontal light blocking member  220   b  are formed on the first interlayer insulating layer  180   a.    
         [0099]    Here, the vertical light blocking member  220   a  is formed along a direction in parallel with the gate line  121 , and the horizontal light blocking member  220   b  is formed along a direction in parallel with the data line  171 . The vertical light blocking member  220   a  and the horizontal light blocking member  220   b  are connected to each other and thereby configures a lattice structure having an opening (aperture). The color filter  230  is formed on the opening by the vertical light blocking member  220   a  and the horizontal light blocking member  220   b.    
         [0100]    The second interlayer insulating layer  180   b  is formed on the color filter  230 , the vertical light blocking member  220   a,  and the horizontal light blocking member  220   b.  Next, the contact hole  185  configured to expose a portion of the drain electrode  175  is formed on the vertical light blocking member  220   a  and the first and second interlayer insulating layers  180   a  and  180   b.    
         [0101]    The pixel electrode  191  is connected to the drain electrode  175  via the contact hole  185  and is formed on the second interlayer insulating layer  180   b,  and a sacrificial layer  300  is formed on the pixel electrode  191 . As illustrated in  FIG. 5 , the opening (OPN) is formed on the sacrificial layer  300  along a direction in parallel with the data line  171 . Here, the OPN is formed on a portion corresponding to the horizontal light blocking member  220   b.    
         [0102]    Referring to  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the common electrode  270 , the lower insulating layer  350 , and the roof layer  360  are sequentially formed on the sacrificial layer  300 . 
         [0103]    In this instance, by removing the roof layer  360  of a portion corresponding to the vertical light blocking member  220   a  positioned between neighboring pixels in the horizontal direction through an exposure and development process, the lower insulating layer  350  is externally exposed from the portion corresponding to the vertical light blocking member  220   a.  Also, the common electrode  270 , the lower insulating layer  350 , and the roof layer  360  form under the PWP when the latter is filled into the OPN opening. 
         [0104]    Referring to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , the upper insulating layer  370  is formed to cover the roof layer  360  and the exposed lower insulating layer  350 . 
         [0105]    Referring to  FIG. 12 , by selectively etching where indicated through the upper insulating layer  370 , the lower insulating layer  350 , and the common electrode  270  of the portion corresponding to the vertical light blocking member  220   a,  the liquid crystal injection holes forming area (trough)  307 FP is formed. Here, etching of the upper insulating layer  370 , the lower insulating layer  350 , and the common electrode  270  may be performed using dry etching. 
         [0106]    In this instance, the upper insulating layer  370  may have a structure that covers a side surface of the roof layer  360 , however, is not limited thereto. The upper insulating layer  370  covering the side surface of the roof layer  360  may be selectively removed so that the side surface of the roof layer  360  may be externally exposed by way of the liquid crystal injection holes forming area (trough)  307 FP. 
         [0107]    Referring to  FIGS. 13 and 14 , through the liquid crystal injection hole forming area  307 FP, the sacrificial layer  300  is selectively removed for example using an ashing processing method using an O 2  gas, a wet etching method, and the like. In this instance, the respective micro-cavities  305  having the respective liquid crystal injection holes  307  are formed along the interior sidewalls of the liquid crystal injection holes forming area (trough)  307 FP. Each micro-cavity  305  is in an empty space state formed because the sacrificial layer  300  has been removed therefrom. 
         [0108]    Referring to  FIGS. 15 and 16 , the lower alignment layer  11  and the upper alignment layer  21  are formed by injecting an alignment material into the micro-cavity  305  via the liquid crystal injection hole  307 . Specifically, a bake process is performed after injecting an alignment material including a solid content and a volatile solvent into the micro-cavity  305  via the liquid crystal injection hole  307 . In this instance, the lower alignment layer  11  is formed on the pixel electrode  191 , and the upper alignment layer  21  is formed on one surface of the common electrode  270 . 
         [0109]    Next, a liquid crystal material including the liquid crystal molecules  310  is injected (e.g., introduced via capillary action) into the micro-cavity  305  via the liquid crystal injection hole  307 , for example by using an inkjet method or the like. 
         [0110]    Referring to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , the capping layer  390  is formed on the upper insulating layer  370  to cover the liquid crystal injection hole  307 . The capping layer  390  may cover the liquid crystal injection holes forming area  307 FP and thus cap shut its previously open, liquid crystal injection holes  307 . The capping layer  390  may be formed by pushing a capping material from one edge of the substrate  110  to an opposite edge thereof using a bar coater and then at the same time, curing the capping material using ultraviolet rays. 
         [0111]    Hereinafter, an LCD according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure of invention will be described with reference to  FIGS. 17 through 19 . 
         [0112]      FIG. 17  is a view of an LCD according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 18  is a layout view illustrating a portion of the LCD of  FIG. 17 .  FIG. 19  is a cross-sectional view taken along cutting-plane line XIX-XIX of  FIG. 18 . 
         [0113]    Referring to  FIGS. 17 and 18 , compared to the LCD of  FIG. 1 , the LCD according to the present exemplary embodiment has the same structure except for the liquid crystal injection hole forming areas (troughs)  307 FP not being disposed between each column of pixels but rather between every other of successive column of the pixels. 
         [0114]    Accordingly, a description of the same structure is omitted. 
         [0115]    As indicated above, in  FIG. 17  the liquid crystal injection holes forming areas  307 FP are shown to be disposed between respective two pixels consecutively continued in the direction in which the long side of each pixel is extended, that is, the horizontal direction. Accordingly, each single micro-cavity  305  is filled in with liquid crystal material from only one end thereof instead of from both horizontal ends thereof. That is, the lower insulating layer  350 , the common electrode  270 , the upper insulating layer  370 , and the roof layer  360 , which are a structure constituting pairs of simultaneously filled and horizontally adjacent micro-cavities  305 , are disposed to correspond to the two pixels consecutively continued and filed at the same time. 
         [0116]    Also, without being limited thereto, a single micro-cavity  305  may be disposed to correspond to at least three pixels consecutively continued and filled at the same time by providing connection tunnels between such micro-cavities. 
         [0117]    While the present disclosure of invention has been provided in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the present teachings are not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, are intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the present teachings.