Abstract:
A method of operating a retail system which includes a plurality of self-service checkout terminals, a first remote supervisor terminal, and a second remote supervisor terminal includes the step of operating the first remote supervisor terminal such that the first remote supervisor terminal monitors operation of each of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals during a first period of time. The method also includes the step of maintaining the second remote supervisor terminal in an idle mode of operation such that the second remote supervisor terminal does not monitor operation of any of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals during the first period of time. Yet further, the method includes the step of operating the first remote supervisor terminal such that the first remote supervisor terminal monitors operation of a first group of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals during a second period of time. In addition, the method includes the step of operating the second remote supervisor terminal such that the second remote supervisor terminal monitors operation of a second group of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals during the second period of time. A self-service retail system is also disclosed.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates generally to a retail checkout system, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for operating a configurable remote supervisor terminal of a self-service retail checkout system. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   In the retail industry, the largest expenditures are typically the cost of the goods sold followed closely by the cost of labor expended. With particular regard to the retail grocery or supermarket industry, the impetus to reduce labor costs has focused on reducing or eliminating the amount of time required to handle and/or process the items or goods to be purchased by a customer. To this end, there have been a number of self-service checkout terminal concepts developed which attempt to substantially eliminate the need for a checkout clerk. 
   A self-service checkout terminal is a system which is operated by a customer without the aid of a checkout clerk. In such a system, the customer scans individual items for purchase across a scanner and then places the scanned item into a grocery bag, if desired. The customer then pays for his or her purchase either at the self-service checkout terminal if so equipped, or at a central payment area such as a supervisor or payment terminal which is staffed by a store employee. Thus, a self-service checkout terminal permits a customer to select, itemize, and in some cases pay for his or her items for purchase without the assistance of the retailer&#39;s personnel. 
   However, in certain circumstances it is necessary for retail personnel to intervene in order to complete the customer&#39;s transaction during operation of the self-service checkout terminal. Such intervention is typically performed by a store employee such as a retail clerk or a customer service manager. Examples of situations which require intervention by the retail clerk or customer service manager include (1) collection of coupons, (2) acceptance of tendered checks, (3) handling of credit card verification exceptions, (4) itemization of items that the customer is unable to scan or otherwise enter, and (5) itemization of difficult items such as the identification of exotic produce and the like. 
   In order to provide for such intervention, self-service checkout terminals have heretofore been designed to include a summoning device such as a tri-colored signal lamp which is utilized to notify or otherwise summon a retail clerk or customer service manager when it is necessary for a store employee to intervene in the customer&#39;s checkout transaction. Thereafter, a store employee approaches the self-service checkout terminal so as to respond to the customer&#39;s intervention request. This manner of providing intervention undesirably requires the store employee to move from terminal to terminal thereby potentially causing undesirable customer delays if several terminals require intervention within the same general time period. 
   Another approach which has been taken to providing such intervention is to utilize a store employee operating a remote terminal to provide the necessary intervention into the customer&#39;s transaction. In such a configuration, the store employee operating the remote terminal may, for example, approve credit and check payment transactions, enter the product identification code associated with an unscannable item, or identify an exotic produce item via use of a video system. However, use of remote terminals in the manner described above has a number of drawbacks associated therewith. For example, retail checkout systems which have heretofore been designed undesirably dedicate a single remote terminal to a fixed, predetermined number of self-service checkout terminals. For instance, as shown in  FIG. 8 , a first remote terminal  110  is dedicated to servicing a first pair of self-service checkout terminals  112 ,  114 , whereas a second remote terminal  210  is dedicated to servicing a second pair of self-service checkout terminals  212 ,  214 . It should be appreciated that in regard to self-service retail checkout systems which have heretofore been designed, the remote terminal  110  could not be utilized to monitor the self-service checkout terminals  212 ,  214 , whereas similarly, the remote monitoring station  210  could not be utilized to monitor the self-service checkout terminals  112 ,  114 . Hence, assuming a given remote terminal is dedicated to a particular pair of self-service checkout terminals, a retail checkout system having eight self-service checkout terminals would be required to have four remote terminals. Moreover, if either one of a given pair of self-service checkout terminals (e.g. the self-service checkout terminal  114 ) is operational, the remote terminal associated therewith (e.g. the remote terminal  110 ) must be staffed by a store employee even if the other self-service checkout terminal of the pair (e.g. the self-service checkout terminal  112 ) is not operational thereby potentially increasing labor costs associated with the retailer&#39;s operation. 
   What is needed therefore is a retail system which overcomes one or more of the above-mentioned drawbacks. What is particularly needed is a method and apparatus for operating a retail system which provides flexibility in regard to the number and location of the self-service checkout terminals which are monitored by a single remote terminal. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of operating a retail system which includes a plurality of self-service checkout terminals, a first remote supervisor terminal, and a second remote supervisor terminal. The method includes the step of operating the first remote supervisor terminal such that the first remote supervisor terminal monitors operation of each of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals during a first period of time. The method also includes the step of maintaining the second remote supervisor terminal in an idle mode of operation such that the second remote supervisor terminal does not monitor operation of any of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals during the first period of time. Yet further, the method includes the step of operating the first remote supervisor terminal such that the first remote supervisor terminal monitors operation of a first group of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals during a second period of time. In addition, the method includes the step of operating the second remote supervisor terminal such that the second remote supervisor terminal monitors operation of a second group of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals during the second period of time. 
   In accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of operating a retail system. The method includes the step of operating a first remote supervisor terminal so as to monitor operation of a first group of self-service checkout terminals during a first period of time. The method also includes the step of operating a second remote supervisor terminal so as to monitor operation of a second group of self-service checkout terminals during the first period of time. Moreover, the method includes the step of operating the first remote supervisor terminal so as to monitor operation of the second group of self-service checkout terminals during a second period of time. Yet further, the method includes the step of operating the second remote supervisor terminal so as to monitor operation of the first group of self-service checkout terminals during the second period of time. 
   In accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a self-service retail system comprising. The self-service retail system includes a plurality of self-service checkout terminals for allowing a plurality of customers to checkout items for purchase. The service retail system also includes a first remote supervisor terminal electrically coupled to each of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals. Moreover, the self-service retail system includes a second remote supervisor terminal electrically coupled to each of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals. The first remote supervisor terminal is configured to monitor operation of each of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals during a first period of time. The second remote supervisor terminal is maintained in an idle mode of operation during the first period of time. The first remote supervisor terminal is further configured to monitor operation of a first group of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals during a second period of time. The second remote supervisor terminal is further configured to monitor operation a second group of the plurality of self-service checkout terminals during the second period of time. 
   It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a new and useful method and apparatus of operating a self-service retail system. 
   It is moreover an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for operating a self-service retail system. 
   It is yet further an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for operating a self-service retail system which provides flexibility in regard to the number and location of the self-service checkout terminals which are monitored by a single remote monitoring station. 
   The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and the attached drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a simplified block diagram of a self-service retail system which incorporates the features of the present invention therein; 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view of one of the self-service checkout terminals of the retail system of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3  is a perspective view of one of the remote supervisor terminals of the retail system of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 4  is a simplified diagram of the retail system of  FIG. 1  which shows a single remote supervisor terminal monitoring operation of all of the self-service checkout terminals; 
       FIG. 5  is a view similar to  FIG. 4 , but showing a first remote supervisor terminal monitoring operation of a first group of the self-service checkout terminals, and a second remote supervisor terminal monitoring operation of a second group of the self-service checkout terminals; 
       FIG. 6  is a view similar to  FIG. 4 , but showing operation of the self-service checkout terminals being monitored by three remote supervisor terminals; 
       FIG. 7  is a view similar to  FIG. 4 , but showing the retail system in a training mode or a queuing mode of operation; and 
       FIG. 8  is simplified diagram of a prior art self-service retail system. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, a specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 1 , there is shown a self-service retail system  50  for use in a retail business such as a grocery store. The self-service retail system  50  includes a number of self-service checkout terminals  10  (hereinafter referred to individually as self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i ), and a number of remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b , and  22   c . Each of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  is electrically coupled to each of the remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b , and  22   c  via a network  25  such as a LAN or WAN. The self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  communicate with components coupled to the retailer&#39;s network  25  such as data servers and the like during a checkout procedure in order to obtain information, such as pricing information, associated with an item being scanned or otherwise entered, and also to verify customer credit approval when appropriate. 
   Moreover, the remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b , and  22   c  communicate with the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  via the retailer&#39;s network  25  in order to monitor operation of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  by the customers operating each of the respective checkout terminals. What is meant herein by the terms “monitor operation” or “monitors operation” is that one of the remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c  is in communication with the self-service checkout terminal  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h ,  10   i  so as to perform supervisory functions that facilitate proper operation of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h ,  10   i  by the customer. Examples of such supervisory functions include (1) assisting customers in regard to operation of the self-service checkout terminal via an audio/video connection between the checkout terminal and the remote supervisor terminal, (2) providing security to the self-service checkout terminal such as by observing the customers checkout transaction via the video connection, (3) collecting coupons or vouchers from customers, (4) accepting tendered checks from customers, (5) handling credit card verification exceptions, (6) itemizing items that the customer is unable to scan or otherwise enter, and (7) itemizing difficult items such as the identification of exotic produce and the like. As shall be discussed below in more detail, any one of the remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c  may monitor operation of any number or combination of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h ,  10   i  thereby enhancing the flexibility of the self-service retail system  50 . 
   Referring now to  FIG. 2 , there is shown one of the self-service checkout terminals  10  of the retail system  50  which includes a product scale  12 , a scanner  14 , a bagwell scale  20 , a video system  28 , a card reader  30 , a display monitor  32 , a keypad  34 , a printer  36 , and a processing unit  26 . The card reader  30 , the display monitor  32 , the keypad  34 , and the printer  36  may be provided as separate components, or alternatively may preferably be provided as components of an automated teller machine (ATM)  24 . 
   The self-service checkout terminal  10  also includes a bagwell  38  for accommodating one or more grocery bags (not shown) and a base  40  having a counter  42  secured thereto. The counter  42  defines an arcuate surface as shown in  FIG. 2 . Such an arcuate surface allows the scanner  14  to be positioned relatively close or otherwise proximate the ATM  24  and hence the components associated therewith. Such a configuration facilitates a user&#39;s (e.g. customer&#39;s) use of the self-service checkout terminal  10 . Moreover, the bagwell  38  is configured to allow two or more grocery bags to be accessed by the customer at any given time thereby allowing a customer to selectively load various item types into the grocery bags. For example, the customer may desire to use a first grocery bag for household chemical items such as soap or bleach, and a second grocery bag for edible items such as meat and produce. 
   The scanner  14  conventionally scans or reads a product identification code such as a Universal Product Code (UPC), industrial symbol(s), alphanumeric character(s), or other indicia associated with an item to be purchased. One scanner which may be used in the present invention is a model number 7875 bi-optic scanner which is commercially available from NCR Corporation of Dayton, Ohio. 
   The scanner  14  includes a first scanning window  14   a  and a second scanning window  14   b . The first scanning window  14   a  is disposed in a substantially horizontal manner, whereas the second scanning window  14   b  is disposed in a substantially vertical manner, as shown in  FIG. 2 . The product scale  12  is integrated with the scanner  14 . More specifically, the product scale  12  is disposed substantially parallel to the scanning window  14   a  thereby enveloping the scanning window  14   a . If an item such as produce is placed upon the product scale  12  or the first scanning window  14   a , the product scale  12  may be used to determine the weight of the item. 
   The scanner  14  also includes a light source (not shown) such as a laser, a rotating mirror (not shown) driven by a motor (not shown), and a mirror array (not shown). In operation, a laser beam reflects off the rotating mirror and mirror array to produce a pattern of scanning light beams. As the product identification code on an item is passed over the scanner  14 , the scanning light beams scatter off the code and are returned to the scanner  14  where they are collected and detected. The reflected light is then analyzed electronically in order to determine whether the reflected light contains a valid code pattern. If a valid code pattern is present, the product identification code may then be utilized to retrieve product information associated with the item (e.g. the price of the item). 
   The display monitor  32  displays instructions which serve to guide a customer through a checkout procedure. For example, an instruction is displayed on the display monitor  32  which instructs the customer to enter an item into the self-service checkout terminal  10  by either passing the item over the scanner  14 , or placing the item on the product scale  12  in order to obtain the weight of the item. The display monitor  32  is preferably a known touch screen monitor which can generate data signals when certain areas of the screen are touched by a customer. 
   The bagwell scale  20  is a weight scale which monitors the weight of items placed in the bagwell  38  (i.e. into a grocery bag) or onto the portion of the counter  42  which is located proximate the bagwell  38 . It should be appreciated that a customer may place an item onto the portion of the counter  42  proximate the bagwell  38  subsequent to entering the item, but prior to placing the item into a grocery bag. For example, if a customer scans a loaf of bread, the customer may want to place the bread onto the portion of the counter  42  proximate the bagwell  38  until one of the grocery bags is nearly full thereby preventing the bread from being crushed. Hence, the bagwell scale  20  may be utilized to monitor the ingress and egress of items into and out of the bagwell  38  along with onto and off of the counter  42 . Such monitoring is particularly useful for preventing items which have not been scanned from being placed into a grocery bag. 
   The video system  28  includes a video camera  28   a , and is included in the self-service checkout terminal  10  to enhance the security thereof. In particular, the video system  28  is provided to capture and transmit video images relating to certain events during a customer&#39;s transaction to a display monitor  60  (see  FIG. 3 ) associated with one of the remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c . It should be appreciated that the video system  28  may capture and thereafter transmit video images associated with the identification of items such as exotic produce items. Moreover, such video images may track the manner in which a customer enters and thereafter handles items for entry. Moreover, such video images may include a video record of the customer himself or herself. Hence, it should be appreciated from the above discussion that the video system  28  may be configured to capture and thereafter transmit any event associated with a customer&#39;s operation of one of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  as determined by a particular retailer. 
   It should be appreciated that the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  may also be configured with other communication components so as to facilitate communication between the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  and the remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c . For example, each of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  may be configured to include a microphone and a speaker assembly for allowing the customer to speak to retail personnel operating the supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c  and thereafter hear the response via the speaker assembly. 
   Referring now to  FIG. 3 , there is shown an exemplary supervisor terminal which may be utilized as the supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c  of the present invention. Each of the supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c  includes a keyboard  56 , a video camera  58 , the display monitor  60 , a microphone  62 , and a speaker  64 . The keyboard  56  is provided to allow retail personnel operating the remote supervisor terminal  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c  to enter a text message which may be displayed on one of the display monitors  32  associated with a particular self-service checkout terminal  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i . Moreover, if the customer operating one of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  does not know the product code associate with a certain item for purchase, retail personnel operating the remote supervisor terminal  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c  may enter the product code via use of the keyboard  56 . 
   Moreover, the video camera  58  may be utilized to capture and transmit video images of retail personnel operating the remote supervisor terminal  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c . Such video images may be displayed on the display monitor  32  of a given self-service checkout terminal  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  for purposes such as conducting a video conference between the customer and retail personnel operating the remote supervisor terminal  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c . The microphone  62  and the speaker  64  are utilized to allow the operator of the remote supervisor terminal  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c  to carry on a voice conversation with the customer operating the particular self-service checkout terminal  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i.    
   As discussed above, each of the remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c  is configured to monitor operation of any number or combination of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i . For example, as shown in  FIG. 4 , during periods of relatively light demand (i.e. a relatively small number of customers are present in the retailer&#39;s store), a single remote supervisor terminal (e.g. the remote supervisor terminal  22   b ) may be operated to monitor operation of all of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i . Hence, during such periods of relatively light demand, a single store employee may operate one of the remote supervisor terminals (e.g. the remote supervisor terminal  22   b ) in order to assist customers and provide security to each of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  thereby eliminating the need to staff the remaining remote supervisor terminals (e.g. the remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   c ). 
   However, as demand in the store increases, a second remote supervisor terminal (e.g. the remote supervisor terminal  22   c ) may “open” as shown in  FIG. 5 . In such a situation, the self-service retail system  50  is dynamically reconfigured such that the remote supervisor terminal  22   b  is operated to monitor operation of a first group of the self-service checkout terminals (e.g. the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ), whereas the remote supervisor terminal  22   c  is operated to monitor operation of a second group of the self-service checkout terminals (e.g. the self-service checkout terminals  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h ,  10   i ). It should be appreciated that the combination shown in  FIG. 5  is exemplary in nature and that any combination and number of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  may be operated by any combination of the remote supervisor terminals  22   b  and  22   c.    
   If demand in the store continues to increase, a third remote supervisor terminal (e.g. the remote supervisor terminal  22   a ) may “open” as shown in  FIG. 6 . In such a situation, the self-service retail system  50  is once again dynamically reconfigured such that the remote supervisor terminal  22   a  is operated to monitor operation of a first group of the self-service checkout terminals (e.g. the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ), the remote supervisor terminal  22   b  is operated to monitor operation of a second group of the self-service checkout terminals (e.g. the self-service checkout terminals  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ), and the remote supervisor terminal  22   c  is operated to monitor operation of a third group of the self-service checkout terminals (e.g. the self-service checkout terminals  10   g ,  10   h ,  10   i ). It should be appreciated that the combination shown in  FIG. 6  is exemplary in nature and that any combination and number of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i  may be operated by any combination of the remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c.    
   Moreover, as shown in  FIG. 7 , two or more of the remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c  (in the case of  FIG. 7 , terminals  22   b  and  22   c ) may be operated to monitor operation of each of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i . In such a configuration, only one of the supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c  actually interacts with the customer so as to prevent a duplication of efforts by the store employees operating the remote supervisor terminals  22   a ,  22   b ,  22   c . For example, in regard to  FIG. 7 , the store employee staffing the remote supervisor terminal  22   c  may be a trainee that is not actively involved in the monitoring of operation of the self-service checkout terminals  10   a ,  10   b ,  10   c ,  10   d ,  10   e ,  10   f ,  10   g ,  10   h , and  10   i , but is observing the actions of the employee operating the remote supervisor terminal  22   b.    
   Moreover, in regard to  FIG. 7 , a queuing sequence may be utilized in which intervention requests are handled by either of the remote supervisor terminals  22   b  and  22   c  based on the availability of the terminals. For example, if the customer operating the self-service checkout terminal  10   c  needs assistance (i.e. intervention), such an intervention request would be routed to the remote supervisor terminal  22   c  if the remote supervisor terminal  22   b  is busy monitoring operation of another one of the self-service checkout terminals. However, if both of the remote supervisor terminals  22   b  and  22   c  are busy when such an intervention request is generated by the customer operating the self-service checkout terminal  10   c , the intervention request may be assigned to the remote supervisor terminal  22   b  and  22   c  with the shortest queue. 
   While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such an illustration and description is to be considered as exemplary and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiment has been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected. 
   There are a plurality of advantages of the present invention arising from the various features of the retail system described herein. It will be noted that alternative embodiments of the retail system of the present invention may not include all of the features described yet still benefit from at least some of the advantages of such features. Those of ordinary skill in the art may readily devise their own implementations of a retail system that incorporate one or more of the features of the present invention and fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.