Abstract:
According to an aspect of the invention, a computer readable medium stores a program causing a computer to execute a process for retrieving information. The process includes an extracting process, an executing process, a first creating process, a second creating process, a determining process. The extracting process extracts, from a first composition that is an object to be searched for and that includes first sentence elements and a second composition that indicates a retrieval condition and that includes second sentence elements, the first sentence elements, the second sentence elements, and sentence element relations indicating relations between the first sentence elements and relations between the second sentence elements.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application is based upon and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-272471, filed Nov. 30, 2009. 
       BACKGROUND  
       [0002]    1. Technical Field 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to an information retrieval method, a computer readable medium and an information retrieval apparatus. 
         [0004]    2. Related Art 
         [0005]    There has been proposed technology wherein information is retrieved with retrieval conditions being the semantic relation between sentence elements such as a word and a phrase, and a concept stipulated by the semantic relation. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]    According to an aspect of the invention, a computer readable medium stores a program causing a computer to execute a process for retrieving information. The process includes an extracting process, an executing process, a first creating process, a second creating process, a determining process. 
         [0007]    The extracting process extracts, from a first composition that is an object to be searched for and that includes first sentence elements and a second composition that indicates a retrieval condition and that includes second sentence elements, the first sentence elements, the second sentence elements, and sentence element relations indicating relations between the first sentence elements and relations between the second sentence elements. 
         [0008]    The executing process executes a syntactic analysis with respect to the first composition and the second composition; 
         [0009]    The first creating process creates composition index information indicating the first sentence elements and the sentence element relations between the first sentence elements based on a result of the syntactic analysis; 
         [0010]    The second creating process creates retrieval condition information indicating the second sentence elements and the sentence element relations between the second sentence elements based on the result of the syntactic analysis; and 
         [0011]    The determining process determines the first composition corresponding to the composition index information as a retrieval result for the retrieval condition, when a pair of the sentence elements included in the retrieval condition information and having the sentence element relation of predetermined property corresponds to a pair of the sentence elements included in the composition index information. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0012]    Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described in detail based on the following figures, wherein: 
           [0013]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram showing an example of an information retrieval system in the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram showing an example of an information retrieval apparatus; 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram showing an example of a document; 
           [0016]      FIGS. 4A and 4B  are schematic diagrams each showing an example of the syntactic analysis result of the document; 
           [0017]      FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram showing an example of composition index information; 
           [0018]      FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram showing an example of a question sentence which is accepted by question sentence acceptance means; 
           [0019]      FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the syntactic analysis result of the question sentence; 
           [0020]      FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram showing an example of retrieval condition information; 
           [0021]      FIG. 9A  is a flow chart showing an operating example of the information retrieval system; 
           [0022]      FIG. 9B  is a flow chart showing an operating example of the information retrieval system; 
           [0023]      FIG. 10  is a schematic diagram showing another example of a question sentence which is accepted by question sentence acceptance means in the second exemplary embodiment; 
           [0024]      FIG. 11  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the syntactic analysis result of the question sentence; and 
           [0025]      FIG. 12  is a schematic diagram showing another example of retrieval condition information. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
     First Exemplary Embodiment  
     (Configuration of Information Retrieval System)  
       [0026]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the information retrieval system of the present invention. 
         [0027]    This information retrieval system  5  is configured by connecting among an information retrieval server device  1 , a document database  2  and a terminal device  3  so as to be communicable with one another through a network  4 . 
         [0028]    The information retrieval server device  1  is an information processing device having electronic components, such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a storage unit for retrieving information responsive to a question sentence. 
         [0029]    The document database  2  stores therein a plurality of documents  20  as an object to be searched for. The documents  20  are files created by a word processor, and a spreadsheet program or the like program, HTML documents, etc. A composition which is configured of one or more sentences shall be contained in each of the files mentioned above. Besides, an image file or a music file which contains a composition in its header or the like may be set as the document  20  to-be-retrieved. 
         [0030]    The terminal device  3  is a device for accessing the information retrieval server device  1  and inputting a question sentence, and for displaying a retrieval result for the question sentence. This terminal device  3  has a manipulation unit for inputting a manipulation, a display unit such as a liquid-crystal display, and a control unit including electronic components such as a CPU and a storage unit. Incidentally, the terminal device  3  may be, for example, a personal computer, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), or a portable telephone. Besides, although one terminal device  3  is shown in  FIG. 1 , a plurality of terminal devices may be included in the information retrieval system. 
         [0031]    The network  4  may be a LAN (Local Area Network), the Internet, or the like, and it may be either wired or wireless. 
         [0032]    Here, the “question sentence” is a composition which is configured of a natural language, and it may have any length or any number of sentences. Besides, the “retrieval result” is a word, a sentence or a composition which is configured of the natural language, a document which contains the composition, a link for the document, or the like. 
         [0033]      FIG. 2  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the information retrieval server device  1 . 
         [0034]    The information retrieval server device  1  includes a control unit  10  which is configured of a CPU etc. and which controls individual portions and runs various programs, a storage unit  11  which is configured of a storage medium such as an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) or a flash memory and in which information is stored, and a communication unit  12  which communicates with the exterior through the network  4 . 
         [0035]    The control unit  10  runs an information retrieval program  11 A shown in  FIG. 2  as will be stated later, thereby to function as document acquisition means  10 A, syntactic analysis means  10 B, composition index creation means  10 C, question sentence acceptance means  10 D, retrieval condition creation means  10 E and retrieval execution means  10 F. 
         [0036]    The document acquisition means  10 A accesses the document database  2  through the network  4 , so as to acquire a document  20 . 
         [0037]    The syntactic analysis means  10 B analyzes the syntax of a sentence which constitutes a composition contained in the document  20 , or a question sentence which will be stated later. 
         [0038]    The composition index creation means  10 C creates composition index information  11 B from the syntax of the sentence which is contained in the document  20  analyzed by the syntactic analysis means  10 B 
         [0039]    The question sentence acceptance means  10 D accepts the question sentence inputted to the terminal device  3 , through the network  4 . 
         [0040]    The retrieval condition creation means  10 E creates retrieval condition information  11 C from the syntax of the question sentence analyzed by the syntactic analysis means  10 B. 
         [0041]    The retrieval execution means  10 F compares the composition index information  11 B and the retrieval condition information  11 C, so as to retrieve a sentence, a composition or a document containing the composition which agrees with a condition. 
         [0042]    The storage unit  11  stores therein the information retrieval program  11 A which causes the control unit  10  to operate as the respective means stated above, the composition index information  11 B which is outputted from the composition index creation means  10 C, and the retrieval condition information  11 C which is outputted from the retrieval condition creation means  10 E. 
       (Operation of Information Retrieval System)  
       [0043]    Now, the operation of the information retrieval system  5  will be described separately for (1) the operation of creating composition index information, (2) the operation of inputting a question sentence, and (3) the operation of retrieving information, with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 9B . 
         [0044]    Incidentally, (1) the creation of the composition index information should desirably be previously done before (3) the execution of the retrieval of the information, for the purpose of enhancing a retrieval rate, and it is done regularly, for example, every second day, or when a new document has been added into the document database  2 . Besides, (1) the creation of the composition index information may be executed with a trigger being (3) the execution of the retrieval of the information. 
       (1) Operation of Creating Composition Index Information  
       [0045]      FIG. 9A  is a flow chart showing an operating example of the information retrieval system  5 . 
         [0046]    First, the document acquisition means  10 A acquires documents  20  from the document database  2  in succession (S 1 ). Incidentally, on this occasion, the document for which composition index information has already been created may be discriminated by, for example, erecting a flag indicative of the information creation and be skipped without being acquired. 
         [0047]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the acquired document  20  configured of Japanese. 
         [0048]    A composition  20 A is an example of a composition contained in the document  20 , and it has a composition consisting of a first sentence  20   a  meaning “The necessity of an influenza vaccine rises” and a second sentence  20   b  meaning “Company B succeeds in the development of the vaccine ahead of the major pharmaceutical companies”. Incidentally, although the composition of the document  20 A is constituted by the two sentences in the example shown in the figure, it may be constituted by one sentence or three or more sentences. 
         [0049]    Subsequently, the syntactic analysis means  10 B executes the syntactic analysis of the composition contained in the acquired composition  20 A and outputs a compositional syntactic analysis result (S 2 ). 
         [0050]      FIGS. 4A and 4B  are schematic diagrams each showing an example of the compositional syntactic analysis result. 
         [0051]    The compositional syntactic analysis result  200 A shown in  FIG. 4A  is a result obtained in such a way that the first sentence  20   a  of the composition  20 A has been subjected to the syntactic analysis by the syntactic analysis means  10 B, and this result has a plurality of sentence elements  200   a  to  200   d,  and sentence element relations  200   i  to  200   k  which indicate the qualifying relations etc. among the sentence elements  200   a  to  200   d.  The composition is divided by the compositional syntactic analysis, and the sentence elements are individual character strings which are the results of the division. 
         [0052]    Incidentally, the numeral with colon in each of the sentence elements  200   a  to  200   d  indicates the order in which the pertinent sentence element has appeared in the composition. Besides, the arrow of each of the sentence element relations  200   i  to  200   k  is depicted from the word of the argument of the pertinent relation to a head. 
         [0053]    A compositional syntactic analysis result  201 A shown in  FIG. 4B  is a result obtained in such a way that the second sentence  20   b  of the composition  20 A has been subjected to the syntactic analysis by the syntactic analysis means  10 B, and it has a plurality of sentence elements  201   a  to  201   h,  and sentence element relations  201   i  to  201   o  which indicate the qualifying relations etc. among the sentence elements  201   a  to  201   h.    
         [0054]    The compositional syntactic analysis results are obtained for the sentences contained in the composition, that is, for the first sentence  20   a  and the second sentence  20   b,  respectively. Besides, the syntactic analyses are concretely made by executing syntactic-semantic analyses for the first sentence  20   a  and the second sentence  20   b,  so as to divide the sentences into words and to analyze the qualifications and semantic relations of the words. Besides, the syntactic-semantic analyses are executed using a case frame lexicon, etc. not shown. 
         [0055]    Subsequently, the composition index creation means  10 C creates composition index information on the basis of the compositional syntactic analysis results  200 A and  201 A (S 3 ). The composition index information is created every composition. 
         [0056]      FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the composition index information  11 B. 
         [0057]    Composition index information  110 B is an example of the composition index information  11 B, and it is information created by the composition index creation means  10 C from the compositional syntactic analysis results  200 A and  201 A shown in  FIGS. 4A and 4B , respectively. Incidentally, the relation between “Company B: 1” and “(make) development: 1” may not be directly read from the compositional syntactic analysis result  200 A, but “development: 1” preceding “succeed: 1” is a noun based on the irregular conjugation verb of the s series in the Japanese language, and the subject of “succeed: 1” also becomes the subject of “(do) development: 1”, so that the composition index creation means  10 C adds the relation of both the words as a relation P11 in the composition index information  110 B. 
         [0058]    The composition index information  110 B has a relation No. column  110   a  which contains the identifiers of sentence element relations, a sentence No. column  110   b  which indicates the Nos. of sentences in a document, a sentence element relation column  110   c  which indicates the relations between sentence elements, a sentence element “1” column  110   d  which indicates the heads of the sentence elements, a sentence element “2” column  110   e  which indicates the arguments of the sentence elements, and a relation property column  110   f  which indicates the properties of the sentence element relations. 
         [0059]    The relation property column  110   f  is determined to be “dynamic” for a verb-like usage which is decided using a predetermined case frame lexicon, etc. from the sentence element relation, and to be “static” for any other. Incidentally, the “case frame lexicon” is a lexicon in which the case relations of verbs are described, and a subject and an object are presumed from the cases of the verbs. 
         [0060]    Subsequently, the composition index creation means  10 C additionally stores the created composition index information  110 B in the composition index information storage area  11 B of the storage unit  11 , together with the identification information of the document  20  (S 4 ). The composition index information  110 B is created as to all the documents  20  which are stored in the document database  2 . 
       (2) Operation of Inputting Question Sentence  
       [0061]    Subsequently, a user who makes a request for the retrieval of information inputs a desired question sentence by manipulating the manipulation unit of the terminal device  3 . The control unit of the terminal device  3  requests the information retrieval server device  1  to execute the retrieval, through the network  4 , and it transmits the question sentence inputted by the user. 
       (3) Operation of Retrieving Information  
       [0062]      FIG. 9B  is a flow chart showing an operating example of the information retrieval system  5 . 
         [0063]    First, the question sentence acceptance means  10 D accepts the question sentence from the terminal device  3  (S 11 ). 
         [0064]      FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the question sentence in Japanese. 
         [0065]    The question sentence  30 A is a composition created in such a way that the user inputted the question sentence to the manipulation unit of the terminal device  3 , and it means “What is the company which developed the vaccine of influenza?” Incidentally, although the question sentence  30 A is constituted by one sentence in the example shown in the figure, it may be a composition constituted by two or more sentences. 
         [0066]    Subsequently, the syntactic analysis means  10 B subjects the acquired question sentence  30 A to a syntactic analysis and outputs a question-sentence syntactic analysis result (S 12 ). When the question sentence is the composition constituted by the plurality of sentences, the syntactic analysis is executed every sentence. 
         [0067]      FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the question-sentence syntactic analysis result. 
         [0068]    The question-sentence analysis result  300 A is a result obtained in such a way that the question sentence  30 A has been syntactically analyzed by the syntactic analysis means  10 B, and it has a plurality of sentence elements  300   a  to  300   d,  and sentence element relations  300   i  to  300   k  which indicate the qualifying relations among the sentence elements  300   a  to  300   d.    
         [0069]    Subsequently, the retrieval condition creation means  10 E creates retrieval condition information shown in  FIG. 8 , on the basis of the question-sentence syntactic analysis result  300 A (S 13 ). Incidentally, the retrieval condition information is created as one retrieval condition information even in a case where the question sentence is constituted by a plurality of sentences. 
         [0070]      FIG. 8  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the retrieval condition information. 
         [0071]    The retrieval condition information  110 C is an example of the retrieval condition information  11 C, and it is information created by the retrieval condition creation means  10 E from the question-sentence syntactic analysis result  300 A shown in  FIG. 7 . 
         [0072]    Likewise to the composition index information  110 B, the retrieval condition information  110 C has a relation No. column  110   a,  a sentence No. column  110   b,  a sentence element relation column  110   c,  a sentence element “1” column  110   d,  a sentence element “2” column  110   e,  and a property column  110   f.    
         [0073]    Subsequently, the retrieval execution means  10 F compares one composition index information  110 B of the plurality of composition index information items created in correspondence with the plurality of documents  20  stored in the database  2 , with the retrieval condition information  110 C (S 14 ). Concretely, those sentence elements of the information items  110 B and  110 C which agree in the sentence element relation column  110   c  and the sentence element “1” column  110   d  are extracted. 
         [0074]    Subsequently, regarding the sentence elements whose relation property columns  110   f  are “dynamic”, among the sentence elements extracted at the step S 14 , as to which the sentence element relation column  110   c  and either the sentence element “1” column  110   d  or the sentence element “2” column  110   e  agree, the document corresponding to the composition index information  110 B is included in the retrieval result (S 16 ) in the existence of the sentence elements both of which agree in either the sentence element “2” column  110   e  or the sentence element “1” column  110   d  (S 15 ; Yes). 
         [0075]    Regarding, for example, Q1 in the retrieval condition information  110 C shown in  FIG. 8 , the relation property is “dynamic”, and a subject for “develops: 1” is “company: 1”. Here, as regards “company” and “company-B”, when it has been found that the subordinate concept of “company: 1” is “company-B”, from a word lexicon for the syntactic-semantic analysis, not shown, the retrieval execution means  10 F may judge that Q1 agrees with P11 in the composition index information  110 B shown in  FIG. 5 . 
         [0076]    Besides, in a case at the step S 15  where the sentence elements agree in the sentence element relation column  110   c  and the sentence element “1” column  110   d,  and where the relation property column  110   f  is “dynamic”, but where the sentence elements do not agree in the sentence element “2” column  110   e  (S 15 ; No), the corresponding document is not included in the retrieval result. It is judged that Q1 and P11, for example, do not agree. 
         [0077]    Subsequently, of the sentence elements agreeing in the sentence element relation column  110   c  and the sentence element “1” column  110   d  as have been extracted at the step S 14 , ones as to which the relation property column  110   f  is “static” (S 16 ; Yes) may agree in either the sentence element “1” column  110   d  or the sentence element “2” column  110   e.  By way of example, “vaccine” of Q2 is “dynamic” in the relation property, and hence, the sentence elements need to agree in “develop” of the sentence element and “object of adnominal “of”” of the sentence element relation. However, “vaccine” of Q3 is “static” in the relation property, and hence, the sentence elements are judged to agree, subject to the agreement thereof in “vaccine” despite the disagreement thereof in “influenza”. Then, the step S 15  or S 16  is followed by a step S 17 . 
         [0078]    Owing to the above operations, the retrieval execution means  10 F judges that Q1 Q2 and Q3 shown in  FIG. 8  agree with P11, P10 and P3 shown in  FIG. 5 , respectively, and it includes the first sentence  20   a  and the second sentence  20   b  in the retrieval result (S 17 ) because the sentence Nos. of P11, P10 and P3 are “2”, “2” and “1”, respectively. 
         [0079]    The above steps S 14  to S 17  are executed for all the composition index information items  11 B (S 18 ). The corresponding sentences (or compositions each consisting of a plurality of sentences) in the document are rearranged in the order of the number of the sentences as to which all the sentence elements having the dynamic sentence element relations have agreed and the number of the sentences as to which the sentence elements having the static sentence element relations have agreed, and the rearranged sentences are displayed as the retrieval result (S 19 ). 
         [0080]    Incidentally, regarding the rearrangement of the document, priority may be given to either the agreement of the dynamic sentence element relation or the agreement of the static sentence element relation, and it is also allowed to employ a configuration in which the priority may be selectively set by the user. 
         [0081]    Besides, regarding the display of the retrieval result, the whole document may be displayed, only the composition in the document may be displayed, the sentence in the composition as has agreed in the sentence element may be highlighted and displayed, or only the sentence which has agreed in the sentence element may be extracted and displayed. In the case where the document is the image or music file, the document itself is displayed together with the sentence elements having agreed. 
       Second Exemplary Embodiment   
       [0082]    In an information retrieval system according to the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention, documents  20  and a question sentence are configured of a language other than Japanese, for example, of English, and syntactic analysis means  10 B, composition index creation means  10 C and retrieval condition creation means  10 E are configured so as to conform to the other language. The others are configured in the same manner as in the first exemplary embodiment. Incidentally, an information retrieval system may well handle documents  20  and question sentences which contain a plurality of languages. Besides, operations to be stated below are similar to the operations in  FIG. 9B . 
         [0083]    First, the question sentence acceptance means  10 D accepts the question sentence from the terminal device  3  (S 11 ). 
         [0084]      FIG. 10  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the question sentence which is accepted by the question sentence acceptance means  10 D in the second exemplary embodiment. 
         [0085]    The question sentence  31 A is a composition inputted and created in such a way that a user manipulates the manipulation unit of the terminal device  3 , and it has a sentence stated in English; “What department is taking measures to the influenza?” 
         [0086]    Subsequently, the syntactic analysis means  10 B syntactically analyzes the acquired question sentence  31 A and outputs a question-sentence syntactic analysis result (S 12 ). 
         [0087]      FIG. 11  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the question-sentence syntactic analysis result. 
         [0088]    The question-sentence analysis result  301 A is a result obtained in such a way that the question sentence  31 A has been syntactically analyzed by the syntactic analysis means  10 B, and it has a plurality of sentence elements  301   a  to  301   d  consisting chiefly of words, and sentence element relations  301   i  to  301   k  indicating the qualifying relations among the sentence elements  301   a  to  301   d.    
         [0089]    Subsequently, the retrieval condition creation means  10 E creates retrieval condition information on the basis of the question-sentence syntactic analysis result  301 A (S 13 ). 
         [0090]      FIG. 12  is a schematic diagram showing an example of the retrieval condition information. 
         [0091]    The retrieval condition information  111 C is the example of the retrieval condition information  11 C, and it is information created from the question-sentence syntactic analysis result  301 A shown in  FIG. 11 , by the retrieval condition creation means  10 E. 
         [0092]    Likewise to the composition index information  110 B, the retrieval condition information  111 C has a relation No. column  110   a,  a sentence No. column  110   b,  a sentence element relation column  110   c,  a sentence element “1” column  110   d,  a sentence element “2” column  110   e  and a property column  110   f.    
         [0093]    As stated above, even in the case of the language other than Japanese, the retrieval condition information  111 C is created on the basis of the operations shown in  FIG. 9B , and also the composition index information  11 B is subsequently created on the basis of the operations shown in  FIG. 9A . Further, the retrieval execution means  10 F operates in the same manner as in the first exemplary embodiment and obtains answers corresponding to the desired question sentence, from the document  20 . 
       Other Exemplary Embodiments  
       [0094]    Incidentally, the present invention is not restricted to the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but it is capable of various modifications within a scope not departing from the purport of the present invention. In a case, for example, where structured compositions such as chapter compositions are subjects to-be-retrieved, a retrieval range and a retrieval result may be restricted in such a way that the composition index creation means  10 C creates the composition index information  11 B every chapter. Besides, the retrieval execution means  10 F may well restrict the retrieval range and output the retrieval result every chapter. 
         [0095]    Besides, the document acquisition means  10 A, the syntactic analysis means  10 B, the composition index creation means  10 C, the question-sentence acceptance means  10 D, the retrieval condition creation means  10 E and the retrieval execution means  10 F which are used in the exemplary embodiments may be loaded from a CD-ROM or the like storage medium into the storage unit within the apparatus, or they may be downloaded from a server apparatus or the like connected to the Internet or the like network, into the storage unit within the apparatus. Besides, some or all of the means used in the exemplary embodiments may be incarnated by hardware such as ASIC. 
         [0096]    The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention has been provided for the purpose of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and various will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling other skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with the various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.