Abstract:
Exemplary embodiments of apparatus and method for effecting at least one anatomical structure of a body can be provided. For example, at least one first arrangement can be provided which is structured to be at least partially inserted into the body and including an opening. In addition, at least one second arrangement can be provided which configured to increase and/or decrease a size of the opening by a motion thereof in a first direction. Further, at least one third arrangement can be provided which can be coupled to the second arrangement(s), and configured to move at least in a second direction which is at least approximately parallel to the second direction. In particular, when the anatomical structure(s) is/are provided or inserted in the opening and is pressed on by the second arrangement(s), a first motion of the second arrangement(s) toward the anatomical structure(s) in the first direction is reduced and/or terminated while a second motion of the third arrangements) in the second direction either (i) remains at least approximately the same, and/or (ii) is reduced to a lesser extent than that of the first motion.

Description:
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0001]    The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for effecting at least one anatomical structure, and more particularly to exemplary embodiments of the apparatus and method to effectuate a surgical treatment of tissue masses located inside the human body, e.g., in the hollow internal organs such as the colon. The exemplary apparatus and methods can be suitable for, e.g., a treatment of hemorrhoids, as well as other conditions. The exemplary apparatus and method can be implemented to, e.g., compress a hemorrhoid or/and reduce its blood supply with a clamping instrument, while preventing a cutting of the hemorrhoid or its blood vessels with such exemplary instrument. 
       BACKGROUND INFORMATION 
       [0002]    There are a variety of abnormal conditions in the body which can be related to the wall(s) of hollow organs. Colonic polyps and tumors, endothelial vascular lesions, diverticuli, symptomatic internal hemorrhoids are some of the examples of these abnormal conditions. A treatment to such abnormal conditions from inside a hollow organ cavity or a lumen (so-called intra-luminal or endolumenal approach) may be beneficial to the patient since a surgical access trauma is reduced or eliminated. 
         [0003]    One common condition that can be easily treated with the endoluminal approach is a symptomatic internal hemorrhoids condition. Internal hemorrhoids are conventionally treated using a variety of interventional and non-interventional endoluminal methods. An immediate proximity of internal hemorrhoids to the external orifice allows for a relatively easy access thereto. Several technologies for treating the internal hemorrhoids are currently available, but are fairly complex and/or frequently have less than acceptable clinical outcomes and/or high costs associated therewith. 
         [0004]    Hemorrhoidal disease is a very common condition that can occurs in more than half of the population by the age of 50. Currently, over 10 million people suffer symptoms from hemorrhoids in the United States, and one million new cases of symptomatic hemorrhoids are diagnosed annually. Approximately 10-20 percent of such cases may need a surgical removal of the hemorrhoid, which is associated with significant postoperative morbidity and high cost to the individuals and society. 
         [0005]    The term “hemorrhoid” is generally used to refer to the disturbing perianal symptoms related to vascular complexes in the lower rectum and anus. This is usually associated with enlargement of this naturally occurring vascular tissue, which is responsible for its subsequent bleeding, prolapsing, thrombosis, itching, burning, etc. Repetitive straining due to constipation appears to be a leading factor in forming and progressing of hemorrhoids. The chances of having symptomatic hemorrhoids increase with age, pregnancy, obesity, sedimentary life, heavy lifting and genetic predisposition. 
         [0006]    Various treatments can be tailored to the type and severity of the specific hemorrhoids. A pharmacological treatment, which is aimed at the regulation of defecation and symptomatic relief, may be less beneficial as likely having only a temporary and frequently incomplete effect. Current interventional, non-excisional, therapies are designed to obliterate blood supply to part of or to the entire hemorrhoid (e.g., rubber band ligation, infrared coagulation, injection sclerotherapy, ultrasound guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation, etc.). These treatments have modest, inconsistent clinical success with a frequent recurrence rate. 
         [0007]    Rubber band ligation is one popular treatment methods of hemorrhoids. In the rubber band ligation, some hemorrhoidal tissue is pulled into the ligator, and a rubber band is placed around the base of the pulled tissue. This causes a strangulation of the blood supply to a portion of the internal hemorrhoid and its overlying rectal mucosa. An ischemic necrosis and autoamputation of the hemorrhoid can generally follow in a few days, leaving an open rectal wound, which heals over several days. Severe and possibly debilitating postoperative pain is rare, but significant anal discomfort and tenesmus (a painfully urgent but ineffectual sensation or attempt to defecate) are frequent. Recurrences after the rubber band ligation are also frequent. In addition, since such treatment leaves the patient with an open wound in the anus for several days, the rubber band ligation may be rendered unsuitable for HIV-positive patients, and may require a demanding preparation for patients with bleeding disorders. 
         [0008]    Sclerotherapy is another method for treatment of small internal hemorrhoids. A sclerosing agent is injected via needle into and around the internal hemorrhoid. The rates of complications and recurrence of sclerotherapy can be high. 
         [0009]    An ultrasound guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation involves manual suturing of the rectal tissues containing the hemorrhoidal artery. The artery can be located by ultrasound radiation with an appropriate ultrasound arrangement. A resulting regression of the corresponding internal hemorrhoid would be expected. Since the suture-ligation can be performed above the internal hemorrhoid in the pain-insensitive zone, the procedure should be painless. However, such technique is demanding, and is highly dependent on the operator&#39;s experience and dexterity. Inexperience or lack of skill of the operator is responsible for both “missing” the hemorrhoidal artery and inadvertent rectal and vascular injuries. Hemorrhoidal artery injuries with resulting severe bleeding, rectal wall injury, etc. have been reported, and the recurrences are frequent. 
         [0010]    The treatment of internal hemorrhoids with infrared coagulation can involve a blind heat coagulation of the branches of superior hemorrhoidal artery. Theoretically, when the branches of superior hemorrhoidal artery are successfully targeted, it can cause a subsequent regression of the corresponding internal hemorrhoid. However, since the exact location of the artery is not known, there is no guarantee that the infrared coagulation pulses reach the vessels and hence have any effect on hemorrhoids. Multiple treatments in a time span of several months are currently recommended by the distributor and treating doctors. The proper application of the infrared probe can be difficult with larger hemorrhoids due to obscurity of the interface between the probe and mucosa. Recurrences and ineffective treatment can be frequent. 
         [0011]    Traditional surgical excision of hemorrhoids can be an effective but often a debilitating form of treatment. The hemorrhoidal tissue can be removed in longitudinal (parallel to main rectal axis) direction. Surgical excision of hemorrhoids may require the use of an anesthesia, and can cause a severe postoperative pain to the patient for several weeks along with a significant loss of work time therefor. Such technique is also dependent on the technical skill of the operator. 
         [0012]    Another procedure, i.e., a Procedure for Prolapse and Hemorrhoids (PPH) can be used which involves circumferential excision of the rectal mucosa and submucosal layer proximal to the internal hemorrhoids using a circular stapler. As a result, a superior hemorrhoidal blood supply can be interrupted, while the hemorrhoidal tissue itself is left to ischemically regress. Since the excision is performed above the dentate line, a decreased postoperative pain and faster recovery (when compared to traditional hemorrhoidectomy) would likely occur. The internal hemorrhoids can consequently shrink within four to six weeks after such procedure. This PPH technique requires the implementation by highly skilled operators, as well as a significant learning curve, a general or regional anesthesia, and an expensive instrumental set-up. In addition, the use of PPH creates a substantial circumferential rectal trauma, which is likely excessive in the majority of cases when only 1 or 2 hemorrhoids are enlarged. A substantial circumferential injury of the anal canal and subsequent scarring can cause a rectal stricture (narrowing), which is debilitating and difficult to treat in patients. Serious complications during and after PPH have been previously reported. 
         [0013]    Thus, there are several less invasive procedures than conventional surgery methods for the treatment of symptomatic internal hemorrhoids. However, such methods do not have the desired combination of simplicity, effectiveness and being substantially painless, minimally invasive, and inexpensive. 
         [0014]    Accordingly, there is a need to provide device and method which overcome at least some of the deficiencies with the previous devices and methods. 
       SUMMARY OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0015]    At least some of the objects of the present invention is to provide exemplary devices and methods to overcome at least some of the deficiencies indicated herein above. For example, the exemplary embodiment of method and device may be provided which can be useful in the treatment of hemorrhoids and/or associated tissues, and can facilitate a less traumatic experience than the conventional methods and devices for the treatment of hemorrhoids. The exemplary device and method can also be utilized for treatment of other pathologies in locations remote from body openings. 
         [0016]    With one exemplary embodiment of method and device of the present disclosure, it is possible to effectuate an approximately constant tissue compression by a clamp arrangement, which is at least partially independent of the clamp-actuating force applied by a user to the associated handle of the exemplary device. 
         [0017]    According to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a surgical instrument can be provide which comprises an insertable arrangement having a window, and a closure member movably connected to the insertable arrangement for alternately covering and uncovering the window, and applying pressure to or clamp any material provided within the window. The insertable arrangement can have a first (e.g., clamping) surface along an edge of the window, and the closure member can have a second (e.g., clamping) surface situated opposite to the first surface to be able to selectively cover and uncover the window so as to apply a force to or clamp any tissue or object provided within the window. The exemplary instrument also includes a tissue effecting component coupled to the insertable arrangement and/or the closure member for acting on tissues gripped or clamped between the first surface and the second surface. The exemplary instruments also has an further arrangement which is configured to propel the second surface toward the first surface so as to apply pressure to or clamp any object or tissue provided in the window, and also to prevent further pressure or clamping to be applied to the object or tissue if the pressure and/or clamping thereon exceeds a particular amount of pressure. 
         [0018]    According to a particular exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the closure member can have a first component which includes the second clamping surface and a second component which is connected to a first handle grip. The first and second components can slide in relation to each other, and are connected to one another via a proximal spring. 
         [0019]    In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, the device has at least two springs. A first spring is affixed to a second handle grip at one end and to the closure member at another end thereof at their fixation points. A second spring is affixed to the first component of the closure member at one end, and to the second component of the closure member at another end thereof at their respective fixation points. For example, according to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the springs can stretch between the fixation points during the window closure when the grip handles are moved toward one another. The f spring provides an ability to effectuate an approximately constant tissue compression function, and avoid an unwanted excessive compression of the tissue. Each of the springs (e.g., the first spring) can facilitate a return of the closure member to its non-deployed (open) position so as to maintain the window open for another insertion of the tissue or object therein. 
         [0020]    In an exemplary operation, when a squeezing force is applied to the handle, e.g., for the purpose of compressing the tissue between the first and second surfaces, a first handle grip (distal in relation to an insertion tip of the exemplary device) moves towards a second handle grip (proximal in relation to the insertion tip of the device). In one exemplary embodiment, the closure member moves towards the insertion tip of the device, and the second (e.g., clamping) surface of the closure member moves towards the clamping surface of the insertible arrangement. As the closure member moves forward toward the first surface of the insertible arrangement, the first and second springs are pulled in a general direction of the window, and are stretched. 
         [0021]    The first spring facilitates gliding of the closure member during the closure and helps return the closure member to its non-deployed (open) position after the handle is released. 
         [0022]    The second proximal spring provides the constant tissue compression function during closure and facilitates returning of the closure member to its non-deployed (closed) position after the handle is released. 
         [0023]    When the closure member is actuated by squeezing the handle of the device and hence the second handle grip and the associated second component of the closure member move forward, the second proximal spring (which is connected between first and second components of the closure member) pulls and moves forward the first component of the closure member. If the closure member doesn&#39;t meet an obstacle in the window, for example, a protruding tissue, the opposing surfaces of the closure member meet without substantially stretching the spring. The device&#39;s parts are dimensioned so that when handle grips meet, the opposing clamping surfaces touch each other and the window closes. 
         [0024]    If the closure member meets an obstacle in the window, for example, a protruding tissue, a first component of the closure member (carrying an opposing clamping surface) stops, while the second component of the closure member continues its forward movement and slides over the first component of the closure member. As a result, the second proximal spring stretches and additional (after the first component of the closure member is stopped by the tissue) squeezing force of the handle by an operator translates into forward movement of the second component of the closure member and stretching of the second proximal spring. Consequently, only constant compression to the tissue is delivered as designed by the strength of the second proximal spring and the compressing tissue properties, regardless of the additional force used by an operator. 
         [0025]    When handle is released, the distal spring pulls back on the second component of the closure member and its associated second handle grip and brings it back to its non-deployed (open) position. 
         [0026]    As the second component of the closure member and its associated second handle grip is returning to its open position, the second component of the closure member pulls back on first component of the closure member and returns it to its non-deployed (open) position. As a result, the window is opened and the tissue is released. 
         [0027]    In addition according to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a device which can be an endoluminal intervention assembly that includes an accessory system for the delivery and support (e.g., optically and/or mechanically) of instrumentation to surgical sites remote from the body openings. 
         [0028]    In accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, apparatus and method for effecting at least one anatomical structure of a body can be provided. For example, at least one first arrangement can be provided which is structured to be at least partially inserted into the body and including an opening. In addition, at least one second arrangement can be provided which configured to increase and/or decrease a size of the opening by a motion thereof in a first direction. Further, at least one third arrangement can be provided which can be coupled to the second arrangement(s), and configured to move at least in a second direction which is at least approximately parallel to the second direction. In particular, when the anatomical structure(s) is/are provided or inserted in the opening and is pressed on by the second arrangement(s), a first motion of the second arrangement(s) toward the anatomical structure(s) in the first direction is reduced and/or terminated while a second motion of the third arrangement(s) in the second direction either (i) remains at least approximately the same, and/or (ii) is reduced to a lesser extent than that of the first motion. 
         [0029]    In addition, at least one fourth tension-setting arrangement can be provided which couples the first and second arrangements to one another. The fourth tension-setting arrangement(s) can include at least one spring, and when the anatomical structure is pressed by the second arrangement(s), a tension of the at least one spring can be increased which causes the second arrangement(s) to at least reduce the first motion in the first direction while facilitating the second motion of the third arrangement(s) in the second direction to be unreduced or reduced less than the first motion. The spring(s) can generate a force on the second arrangement(s) which can facilitate a gradual constant tissue compression. 
         [0030]    According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the second arrangement(s) can comprise a closure arrangement which is structured to be moved toward and away from a tip portion of the first arrangement(s), and can include a contacting surface which is configured to increase and/or reduce the size of the opening and contact the anatomical structure(s). The first arrangement can includes a first handle structure, and the third arrangement(s) can include a second handle structure which is configured to move toward the first handle structure. In addition, at least one fourth tension-setting arrangement can be provided which couples the first and second arrangements to one another and can include a constant force spring that is attached between the first handle structure and the closure arrangement. 
         [0031]    According to still another exemplary embodiment, when the anatomical structure is pressed by the closure arrangement, a motion of the closure arrangement can be reduced or stopped, and the third arrangement(s) can slide over the closure arrangement in the first direction. Further, when the anatomical structure is pressed by the second arrangement(s), a tension of the spring is increased which likely causes the second arrangement(s) to at least reduce the first motion of the closure arrangement in the first direction and facilitate the third arrangement to slide over the closure arrangement. 
         [0032]    In yet a further exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the first arrangements) can include a first handle structure and an anascope structure non-releasably connected to one another. At least one further arrangement can also be provided which can include at least one further spring arrangement coupling the first and third arrangements to one another. The first arrangement(s) can include at least one handle portion, and the second arrangement(s) can comprise a closure arrangement which is structured to be moved toward and away from a tip portion of the first arrangement. The further spring arrangement(s) can be coupled to the handle portion(s) and the closure arrangement. The further spring arrangement(s) can facilitate a movement of the closure arrangement in a direction that is at least approximately opposite to the first direction. 
         [0033]    According to yet a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the second arrangement(s) can include therein or thereon at least one electrode provided at or near the contacting surface. The electrode can be powered by an electrical power source. Such electrode(s) can be at least partially embedded within the first arrangement(s). The electrode(s) can be configured to irradiate at least one area of the anatomical structure(s) when the anatomical structure is constricted in the opening by the second arrangement(s). Further, the second arrangement(s) can include therein or thereon at least one illumination arrangement which provides light to the anatomical structure(s). 
         [0034]    These and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, when taken in conjunction with the appended claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0035]    Further objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures showing illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure, in which: 
           [0036]      FIG. 1  is a side cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the present disclosure in an open position; 
           [0037]      FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view of the device of  FIG. 1  in a closed position; 
           [0038]      FIG. 3A  is a left side cross-sectional view of a first part of the device of  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; 
           [0039]      FIG. 3B  is a right side cross-sectional view of the first part shown in  FIG. 3A ; 
           [0040]      FIG. 3C  is a right side perspective view of the first part shown in  FIG. 3A ; 
           [0041]      FIG. 3D  is a left side perspective view of the first part shown in  FIG. 3A ; 
           [0042]      FIG. 4A  is a right side view of a second part of the device of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0043]      FIG. 4B  is a rear view of the second part shown in  FIG. 4A ; 
           [0044]      FIG. 4C  is a right side view of the second part shown in  FIG. 4A ; 
           [0045]      FIG. 4D  is a perspective view of the second part shown in  FIG. 4A ; 
           [0046]      FIG. 5A  is a side view of a third part of the device of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0047]      FIG. 5B  is a top view of the third part shown in  FIG. 5A ; 
           [0048]      FIG. 5C  is a right side perspective view of the third part shown in  FIG. 5A ; 
           [0049]      FIG. 5D  is a left side perspective view of the third part shown in  FIG. 5A ; 
           [0050]      FIG. 6A  is a lateral side view of a spring used in the device of  FIG. 1 ; and 
           [0051]      FIG. 6B  is a front view of the spring illustrated in  FIG. 6A . 
       
    
    
       [0052]    Throughout the figures, the same reference numerals and characters, unless otherwise stated, are used to denote like features, elements, components or portions of the illustrated embodiments. Moreover, while the subject disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the figures, it is done so in connection with the illustrative embodiments. It is intended that changes and modifications can be made to the described exemplary embodiments without departing from the true scope and spirit of the subject disclosure as defined by the appended claims. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
       [0053]      FIGS. 1-6C  shows various components of an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the present disclosure. As show in these drawings, the exemplary device has three primary parts, e.g., a first part I, a second part II and a third part III. The first part I (as shown in, e.g.,  FIGS. 1-3D ) comprises a hollow portion  1  which includes a tapered end or insertion tip  16  which is structured or configured for an insertion into or propagation through a bodily lumen or another anatomical structure, a first handle grip  5  (which is proximal with respect to the tip  16 ) and a connecting section  4 . The second part II (as shown in, e.g.,  FIGS. 1 ,  2  and  4 A- 4 D) comprises a second handle grip  8  ((which is distal with respect to the tip  16 ) and a first closure member  9 , which can be non-releasably connected. The third part III (as shown in, e.g.,  FIGS. 1 ,  2  and  5 A- 5 D) comprises a second closure member  10 . The exemplary device provides a handle  2  which comprises the first handle grip  5  of the first part I and the second handle grip  8  of the second part II. 
         [0054]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 ,  2 ,  6 A and  6 B, the exemplary device has a first spring  12  and a second spring  13 , whereas the first spring  12  can be provided closer to the tip  16  than the second spring  13 , and both of which can have two or more fixation points. The first spring  12  can includes (i) a first fixation point  12   a  provided at or on the first handle grip  5  of the first part I (as also shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3C ) and (ii) a second fixation point  14  (as also shown in  FIGS. 4A ,  4 C and  4 D) located on and below a surface of the first closure member  9 . The second spring  13  also has (i) a first fixation point  13   a  located on or at the second closure member  10  (as also shown in  FIGS. 5B and 5C ), and (ii) a second fixation point  15  located on and below the surface of the first closure member  9  (as also shown in  FIG. 4D ). 
         [0055]    When the exemplary device is assembled, the second spring  13  is provided or positioned just below a particular surface  20  of the second closure member  10 , while also being coupled to the first fixation point  13   a  thereof. Any of the fixation points  12   a,    13   a,    14  and/or  15  can be metal and/or plastic knob(s) or other members to which the respective first and second springs  12 ,  13  can be attached, clipped unto and/or adhered to, e.g., possibly with glue, clips, etc. The exemplary details of the first and second springs  12 ,  13  are illustrated in  FIGS. 6A and 6B . However, it should be understood that other shapes and/or or sizes of the springs are conceivable and are within the scope of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. 
         [0056]      FIGS. 1 and 2  show that the first spring  12  couples the first part I and the second part II to one another. These drawings also illustrate that the second spring  13  couples the first and second closure members  9 ,  10  to one another, which are slidably engaged with each other. 
         [0057]    As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the exemplary device includes a window  6  which is enclosed between and formed by at least two opposing clamping surfaces, e.g., a first opposing clamping surface  7   a  (which is part of the hollow portion  1  of the first part I), and a second opposing clamping surface  7   b  (which is part of the second closure member  10  of the third part III and provided on the edge thereof). The second clamping surface  7   b  is moved toward the first clamping surface  7   a  by movable the third part III toward the first clamping surface  7   a  to close or reduce the size of the window  6  and away from such first clamping surface  7   a  to open or increase the size of the window  6 . Such movement of the third part III can be actuated by squeezing and/or releasing the handle  2  of the exemplary device. 
         [0058]    For example, according to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, when the second handle grip  8  is moved toward the first handle grip  5  by squeezing, during such exemplary squeezing motion by the operator&#39;s hand, the window  6  size is reduce, by, e.g., being closed until it meets an obstacle, such as, for example, a protruding tissue  17  (as shown in  FIG. 1 ). In addition, the window  6  is intended to be closed when the first and second opposing clamping surfaces  7   a,    7   b  meet each other (as shown in  FIG. 2 ). Thus, the window  6  becomes bigger when the second closure member  10  moves away from the first opposing clamping surface  7   a,  and smaller when the second closure member  10  moves towards the first opposing clamping surface  7   a.    
         [0059]    In an exemplary operation, when the second handle grip  8  is moved toward the first handle grip  5 , for example, during a squeezing motion by the hand of the operator, the second part II pulls on the second spring  13 . This is because the second spring  13  is connected at one end thereof to the second part II via the second fixation point  15  (as shown in  FIGS. 4A ,  4 C and  4 D) which is located on and below a surface of the first closure member  9  of the second part II. The strength of the second spring  13  is selected or configured so as to facilitate the second main part II to pull the second closure member  10  in the same direction as the direction of propagation of the first closure member  9 . Indeed, during the exemplary operation, the second closure member  10  moves the first closure member  9  forward toward the first clamping surface  7   a  by pulling (e.g., likely without significant stretching) the second spring  13 , provided that the second closure member  10  does not meet the obstacle in the window  6 . Indeed, such pulling motion is effectuated since another end of the second spring  13  is connected to the first fixation point  13   a  located on or at the second closure member  10  and below the particular surface  20  thereof (as also shown in  FIGS. 5B and 5C ). Thus, the second spring  13  acts as a spring coupling arrangement between the second part II and the third part III. 
         [0060]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , if the second closure member  10  meets the obstacle in the window  6  (e.g., the protruding tissue), the forward motion of the second closure member  10  in the same direction as that of the second part II stops completely or for the most part. At the same time, the second part II of the exemplary device continues to move forward in the same direction, and also (simultaneously) cause the second spring  13  to stretch. As a result, the first closure member  9  slides over the second closure member  10  towards the first clamping surface  7   a  or the end or tip  16 , without further affecting the forward movement of the second closure member  10  and absent any further significant compression of the tissue situated within the window  6 . 
         [0061]    This exemplary effect is caused by the fact that when the second opposing clamping surface  7   b  of the second closure member  10  contacts and attempts to press on the tissue provided within the window  6 , this negative pressure cases the second spring  13  to stretch. In this manner, while the second closure member  10  of the third part III is prevented from moving forward by the tissue, a tension is continued on the second spring  13 , although allowing the first closure member  9  of the second part II to continue its forward motion toward the tip  16 . Such tension on the second spring  13  facilitates an approximately constant compression on the tissue. Indeed, as a result, a constant tissue compression (e.g., on the tissue or on any other object) can be accomplished in the window  6 . Such constant tension or compression can be largely separate from or independent of the force exerted by the operator on the handle  2 , For example, the compression of the tissue can be mainly dependent upon various properties of the second spring  13 , the connections thereof to the first and second parts II, III, and the properties of the compressed tissue  17  in the window  6 . 
         [0062]    In addition, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first spring  12  can be useful in facilitating the operation of the exemplary device. For example, when the second handle grip  8  is moved toward the first handle grip  5 , e.g., during the squeezing motion by the hand of the operator, the second part II is simultaneously pulls on and stretches the first spring  12  (as shown in  FIG. 2 ). This is because one end of the first spring  12  is coupled to the second fixation point  14  (as shown in  FIGS. 4A ,  4 C and  4 D) located on and below the surface of the first closure member  9  of the second part II, and the other end of the first spring  12  is coupled to the first fixation point  12   a  provided at or on the first handle grip  5  of the first part I (as shown in  FIGS. 3A and 3C ). In this manner, the first spring  12  is stretched by the forward movement of the first closure member  9  toward the first clamping surface  7   a  or the end or tip  16 , while the first part I is stationary with respect to the tip  16 . 
         [0063]    During the exemplary operation, and referring to  FIG. 1 , when the squeezed handle  2  is released, the first spring  12  has the tension to cause itself to return to its original (e.g., non-stretched or less-stretch) configuration, thereby pulling on the first closure member  9  of the second part II until the second part II returns to its non-deployed (e.g., open or original) position. Again, this is caused by the first spring  12  being attached to a stationary first part I via the first fixation point  12   a,  and pulling the first closure member  9  of the second part II back to its original position due to the first spring  12  being connected to the second fixation point  14  of the first closure member  9 . In addition, as the second part II is in the process of returning to its non-deployed position (shown in  FIG. 2 ) with the assistance of the first spring  12 , the second part II also pulls on and effectuates further tension of the second spring  13 , which pulls back the second closure member  10  due to its coupling to the first fixation point  13   a  thereof until the second closure member  10  returns to its non-deployed position. When the second closure member  10  moves back to such position, the window  6  becomes enlarged, e.g., until it is fully open (as shown in  FIG. 2 ). 
         [0064]    It will further be appreciated by those having ordinary skill in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, are generally intended as open. In addition, to the extent that the prior art knowledge has not been explicitly incorporated by reference herein above, it is explicitly being incorporated herein in its entirety. All publications referenced above are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. In the event of a conflict between the teachings of the application and those of the incorporated documents, the teachings of the application shall control. Various exemplary embodiments described herein can be used together, in combination and/or separately from one another in accordance with further exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.