Abstract:
A method and system for verifying the age of a purchaser prior to his purchase of age-restricted items from a vending machine. An authorization card is issued to a customer containing a password when the customer presents identification material identifying the customer as being of at least a predetermined age. The customer inputs the authorization card into the vending machine, and a comparison of the password on the card is made to the password stored in a microprocessor in the vending machine. If the passwords match, the vending machine is enabled to accept payment from the customer and to vend the age-restricted product.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]    This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/198,349, entitled “Method and System of Age Verification For a Vending Machine,” filed on Apr. 18, 2000. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The present invention relates generally to a vending machine for vending age-restricted products using an authorization card and associated methods.  
           [0003]    Most, if not all, states impose minimum age requirements for the purchase of certain products such as alcohol, tobacco products, and other age-restricted products. In order to purchase such products, the customer traditionally must present identification to the seller to verify his or her age prior to the transaction. The inability to verify the customer&#39;s age prevents age-restricted products from being sold in vending machines. This verification process is particularly problematic in the vending machine industry since vending machines, by their very nature, involve unattended point-of-purchase transactions. Some examples of prior approaches to this problem or related problems can be found in the following U.S. patents, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety: U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,884,212; 5,139,384; 5,146,067, 5,273,183; 5,352,876; 5,371,346; 5,450,980; 5,523,551; 5,641,050; 5,641,092; 5,647,505; 5,696,908; 5,722,526; 5,734,150; 5,774,365; 5,819,981; 5,859,779; 5,927,544; 5,988,346; 5,147,021; 4,982,072; 4,915,205; and 4,230,214.  
           [0004]    In U.S. Pat. No. 5,722,526, issued to Sharrard, a vending machine system for age-restricted products is disclosed. In the Sharrard system, a customer inputs money into the vending machine and makes his or her selection. Thereafter, the customer is prompted to input an identification card such as a state government issued identification card or a drivers license containing the customer&#39;s birth date. The vending machine either optically reads and interprets the written birth date on the face of the card, or reads the birth date data from a magnetic strip contained on the back of the card. A processor unit compares this data with the present date that is keyed into the vending machine by its operator, and determines whether the customer is of a sufficient age to purchase the product.  
           [0005]    However, common forms of identification often do not have data written or encoded on them indicative of the user&#39;s age or birth date. Moreover, some forms of identification may not have magnetic strips, such as drivers licenses which may or may not have a magnetic strip depending on the state at issue. Finally, it is not a simple matter to optically read and interpret written birth date data, a process that involves complicated scanning and data-interpretation technology. It would therefore be advantageous to have a vending machine capable of vending age-restricted products that did not suffer from the drawbacks of the Sharrard vending machine or other vending machines of the prior art.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    The invention meets the above needs and overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art by providing an economically feasible and commercially practical method and system for verifying the age of a purchaser prior to his purchase of age-restricted items from a vending machine.  
           [0007]    An aspect of the invention includes issuing an authorization card to a customer containing a password when the customer presents identification material identifying the customer as being of at least a predetermined age. The customer inputs the authorization card into the vending machine, and a comparison of the password on the card is made to the password stored in a microprocessor in the vending machine. If the passwords match, the vending machine is enabled to accept payment from the customer and to vend the age-restricted product. In a further aspect of the invention, the authorization card contains additional data concerning the customer. The customer is prompted by the vending machine to enter a second card, such as a credit card. The microprocessor in the vending machine compares the additional data on the authorization card to the information on the second card to further verify the propriety of the purchase.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0008]    [0008]FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the process that a user must go through to obtain an authorization card useful with the disclosed vending machine.  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating the steps involved in purchasing an age-restricted item from the disclosed vending machine.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a vending machine capable of performing the vending of age-restricted products in accordance with the steps outlined in FIG. 2.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 4 is a logic diagram illustrating the circuitry for enabling the purchase of an age-restricted product from the vending machine of FIG. 3. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0012]    In the disclosure that follows, in the interest of clarity, not all features of actual implementations are described. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any such project, numerous engineering and design decisions must be made to achieve the developers&#39; specific goals and subgoals (e.g., compliance with mechanical- and business-related constraints), which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, attention will necessarily be paid to proper engineering and design practices for the environment in question. It will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of skill in the art.  
         [0013]    The present invention contemplates that a customer desiring to purchase an age-restricted item from the disclosed vending machine first obtain an authorization card containing a password to enable the purchase. This process is advantageous over the prior art in that the issued authorization card is specifically designed to work with the vending machines in question.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1 illustrates the basic steps that that a customer must go through to obtain an authorization card useful with the disclosed vending machine. Beginning at step  1 , a display associated with the vending machine instructs the customer to obtain the authorization card at an issue station. Preferably, the issue station is located in the vicinity of the vending machine and is attended by an operator, e.g., a customer service agent working at a store&#39;s customer service counter. At step  2 , the customer visits the issue station and the issue station operator verifies the customer&#39;s age, for example, by reviewing the customer&#39;s drivers license or other recognized form of identification accurately setting forth the customer&#39;s age. Upon verification of the customer&#39;s age, the operator provides the customer the authorization card at step  3 . The customer can then return to the vending machine to use the authorization card to make a purchase, the process of which is described later with reference to FIG. 2.  
         [0015]    While many different types of authorization cards could be used by the vending machine to effect an age-restricted purchase, two types of authorization cards are preferred depending on the level of security desired under the circumstances. A “Type  1 ” authorization card contains a password, preferably stored on an industry-standard card having a magnetic strip. However, the authorization card may also be a “smart card” which stores the password in the integrated circuits that are contained within, or may simply be a paper or plastic card on which the password is written. The password may constitute a random number or alpha-numeric string, or it may correspond to a particular vending machine&#39;s product name, manufacturer, or part number. This password may be written or programmed into the card by the issue station operator, or the cards may come pre-written or pre-programmed from the authorization card manufacturers, in which case the issue station operators needs only to hand them out to the customers upon verifying their age. In a preferred embodiment, an issue station operator has a card encoding/printing machine at his disposable which can allow him to program an authorization card having a magnetic strip with a password acceptable to a vending machine or machines in locations close to the issue station, or to all vending machines of a certain type, wherever located. While many types of authorization card and card programming machines might be used in a commercial embodiment, the following magnetic-strip cards and programming equipment are presently preferred: RenCode™, Part No. MSR206 (Hi-Co Magstripe Card Reader/Writer) manufactured by Incode, 12142 Severn Way, Riverside, Calif., 92503; Part No. CR80.030/4C/1C (Lam Mag) (programmable cards) manufactured by Plastag Corporation, 1800 Greenleaf, Elk Grove Village, Ill., 60007.  
         [0016]    A more secure “Type  2 ” authorization card preferably encodes additional information (e.g., a credit card number, drivers license number, name, and/or address), which can be used to further safeguard the age verification process during vending, as will be explained later.  
         [0017]    Usage of the authorization card to make an age-restricted purchase from a vending machine is shown with reference to FIG. 2. Upon approaching the vending machine, the user is presented with a display (such as a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tube, other suitable alpha numeric display, or indicator lights) containing an idle message (step  6 ) which instructs the customer on how to procure an authorization card and/or how to use that card to vend a purchase from the machine. For example, the screen display message prompts the customer to insert the authorization card into an appropriate reader or input device on the vending machine, or otherwise enter the password into the vending machine. For example, if the authorizing card uses a magnetic strip to store information, the customer will “swipe” the card through a credit card reader. In an alternative embodiment, the input device can constitute a key pad for manually entering the password that is printed on the authorization card. Of course, the manual entry of data on the card is not necessary if the card is to be read by a card reader.  
         [0018]    Referring again to FIG. 2, the customer follows the instructions on the display and enters the card (or the information printed on the card) at step  7 . In a preferred embodiment, the password is compared at step  8  with the password or passwords that are stored in a microprocessor in the vending machine. For example, if the authorization card contains the password “665,” the microprocessor will compare that password with the stored password to authorize the transaction. In this regard, it is important that the password issued by the issue station operator matches a password that is stored in the microprocessor. Otherwise, the microprocessor or other logic circuitry connected thereto will need to be periodically updated to match the issued passwords, a step that may be suitable in some applications necessitating a higher degree of security.  
         [0019]    Thereafter, at step  9 , the data on the authorization card is examined to determine if the authorization card is a Type  1  card. This determination can be made, for example, by checking to see if the authorization card contains only the minimum data that the vending machine needs to verify age. In other words, if other data is detected by the microprocessor, such as a credit card number, drivers license number, name, and/or address, the authorization card will not be treated as a Type  1  card. Alternatively, a “flag,” such as a control bit or byte, recognizable by the microprocessor can be stored on the card which indicates whether the card is of a Type  1  or Type  2  type. One skilled in the art will recognize that similar schemes can be used to make the “Type  1 ” determination of step  9 .  
         [0020]    If the authorization card is not a Type  1  card, the microprocessor logic determines at step  11  if the card is a Type  2  card. This determination can be made employing the same techniques used in the Type  1  determination of step  9 . If the card is Type  2 , the microprocessor stores the additional information on the Type  2  card (such as a credit card number, debit card number, drivers license number, social security number, name, address and/or phone number) in a temporary location either on the microprocessor or in memory circuitry connected to it. At that point, the system then at step  13  prompts the customer, preferably by the display, to insert or “swipe” a second card (step  14 ), such as a credit card, debit card, drivers license, or other readable identification card containing information corresponding to the additional information on the Type  2  card. This information from the second card is then compared at step  15  with the stored additional information on the Type  2  card to further verify the identity of the person to whom the authorization card was issued. Through the use of this extra step, the age-verification process becomes more secure than with a Type  1  card, which in the hands of a minor could otherwise be used to make a purchase that otherwise is not permitted. Of course, with the Type  2  card process, the additional information stored on the card should be made to correspond to the information stored on the contemplated second card (e.g., a credit card) so that a proper comparison may be made at step  15 . In a preferred embodiment, the Type  2  card would include a magnetic credit card strip containing a password and the user&#39;s credit card number. The microprocessor in the vending machine would then be configured to read the same. While the password may come preprogrammed on the authorization card, the user credit card number would most likely need to be programmed into the card by the issue station operator using the equipment noted earlier.  
         [0021]    One skilled in the art will also recognize that password verification (at step  8 ) could occur after the determination of whether a card is a Type  1  (step  9 ) or Type  2  (step  11 ) card. Additionally, with a Type  2  card, password verification (step  8 ) could occur after the comparison of the additional information to the second card (step  15 ).  
         [0022]    In a preferred embodiment, the microprocessor includes a timer for determining the passage of a time-out period (e.g., 20 seconds) at step  16 , such that if the customer does not complete a purchase transaction within a predetermined period of time, the system will revert to the idle message at step  6 . Assuming the transaction proceeds with due speed, the customer is prompted to enter payment at step  17 , such as by cash, debit card, or credit card. (If a Type  2  card requiring credit card validation is contemplated, the credit card information stored at step  12  may be used for payment at step  17 , perhaps rendering step  17  unnecessary). The age-restricted product is then distributed from the vending machine at step  18 .  
         [0023]    An embodiment of a vending machine capable of operating in the manner described herein is disclosed with reference to FIG. 3. The vending machine  20  includes a product viewing area  22  for displaying age-restricted products  24  to be vended, a display  26 , a money-input device  28  capable of receiving change or bills to pay for the purchase, an input device  30  such as a key pad, and a card reader  32  for reading the authorization card, and a door  34  for received the vended product. The key pad  30  can be used to type in password or other age-verification information from a printed authorization card. A separate key pad (not shown) may then be used to select one of the products  24  to be vended, as is typical in the vending machines of the prior art.  
         [0024]    Also included in the vending machine  20  is a microprocessor  36  which assists in the verification procedures associated with the Type  1  and Type  2  authorization cards. In a preferred embodiment, the microprocessor is located within the card reader  32 . In such a configuration, a pre-existing vending machine otherwise having the necessary components can be retrofitted to work in accordance with the invention by simply adding the card reader  32  and electrically connecting it as will be explained later. The microprocessor  36  is preferably coupled to memory  39  for storing the password(s) associated with the vending machine and/or the additional information read from the Type  2  card. In a commercial embodiment, memory  39  constitutes static random access memory that is backed up by a battery (not shown) to retain the password(s) in the event that vending machine  20  is unplugged.  
         [0025]    Memory  39  is not strictly necessary, and instead the necessary password or other information could be stored directly into microprocessor  36  depending on its capacity. As used herein, “microprocessor” should be construed to encompass any logic circuitry and/or memory circuitry capable of performing the logical functions described herein. As the logic functions are fairly simple for a skilled computer programmer to realize, it is contemplated that the microprocessor may be relatively simple, such as a microcontroller, a programmable logic array (PLA), or a collection of logic circuits. However, a Motorola microcontroller part no. MC68HC 11 is presently preferred for microprocessor  36 .  
         [0026]    When installing or updating the machine, the password(s) to be stored in memory  39  may be loaded by the installer through edge connector  41 . Edge connector  41  allows the installer to plug in a portable key pad (not shown) for this purpose.  
         [0027]    In the preferred embodiment, vending machine  20  (prior to being retrofitted with the card reader  32 ) also has its own microprocessor  37 , which hereinafter will be referred to as central processing unit (CPU)  37 , so as not to confuse it with microprocessor  36  as just described. As one skilled in the art will realize, CPU  37  provides the control logic for the basic functioning on vending machine  20 , such as ensuring the proper amount of money has been entered by the customer to make a desired purchase and enabling the vending of products, running display  26 , and interfacing with key pad  30  which may be used by the customer to make his selection. In a preferred embodiment, microprocessor  36  and CPU  37  communicate via an asynchronous serial protocol, such as the International Multi Drop Bus (IMDB) protocol.  
         [0028]    One skilled in the art should realize that many different arrangements of the disclosed components are possible in a commercial embodiment of vending machine  20 . While it has been found preferably to retrofit a pre-existing vending machine, a vending machine could be designed in the first instance to accomplish the same functions disclosed herein. For example, the microprocessor  36  (and its associated memory  39 ) need not strictly appear within card reader  32 , but instead may reside elsewhere in the vending machine  20 . Also, the functions of microprocessor  36  and CPU  37  could be easily integrated into a single processor, as one skilled in the art will realize. Additionally, connector  41  need not be located on the card reader but may appear anywhere on the body of the vending machine  20 . In the preferred “retrofitted” embodiment, a suitable card reader (containing a Motorola MC68HC11 microcontroller) is part no. A-745D (containing firmware version M-754D Rev. 3.36D, owned by the Detsky Group), manufactured by Access Control Technologies, Inc., 125 Weldon Pkwy., St. Louis Mo., 63043.  
         [0029]    In operation, a customer follows the instruction on display  26  to first procure an authorization card from an issue station operator. Once procured, display  26  informs the user to insert or swipe the authorization card in or through card reader  32 , or to enter the password or other relevant age-verification data into key pad  30 . As discussed with reference to FIG. 2, the entered password data (either from the key pad or the card reader) is sent to microprocessor  36 . The microprocessor  36  compares that data to data stored in the microprocessor to see if the data matches. After verification, the Type I/Type II determination is made, again using the microprocessor  36 . If a Type II card is detected, the display  26  prompts the user to swipe, for example, his credit card through card reader  32 . The microprocessor  36  then determines if the additional information on the Type II card (i.e., the customer&#39;s credit card number) matches the data on the swiped credit card. If so, the display prompts the user to enter payment via money-input device  28 , the customer chooses a product for purchase via key pad  30 , and retrieves the product from door  34  as is typical with a standard vending machine.  
         [0030]    In the preferred “retrofitted” embodiment, microprocessor  36  works with CPU  37  to enable or disable the purchase. In the event that microprocessor  36  determines that a purchase is not appropriate, for example, because the password on the card does not match the password stored in microprocessor  36 , because the credit card data does not match the additional information on the Type II card, or because the authorization card simply is not recognized by the system, the purchase will not be allowed, and the customer will not be prompted to enter money into the machine. This is accomplished by sending a control signal (or signals) to CPU  37 , as shown in FIG. 4. In a traditional vending machine, a signal is sent to CPU  37  to indicate whether “adequate payment” has been provided by the customer to make a purchase. If so, CPU  37  enables the purchase through traditional means. As retrofitted, microprocessor  36  sends a “vend enable” signal to CPU  37  after verification of the password(s) is completed, which is analogous to the “adequate payment” signal in a traditional vending machine. As shown in FIG. 4, the “vend enable” signal is generated when “adequate payment” has been received, and when either a Type  1  or Type  2  card has been verified.  
         [0031]    From the foregoing detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention, it should be apparent that an improved method and apparatus for vending age-restricted products has been disclosed. Although specific embodiments of the invention have been disclosed in some detail, this has been done solely for the purposes of illustrating various aspects and features of the invention, and is not intended to be limiting with respect to the scope of the invention. One skilled in the art will immediately recognize upon reading this disclosure that several other modifications could be made to the disclosed method and apparatus that are consistent with the inventive nature of the disclosed subject matter. It is therefore contemplated that various substitutions, alterations, and/or modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.