Abstract:
An observation device capable of observing a first image formed by an objective optical system, includes: a display element into which an illumination light emitted from an illumination source is incident and that generates a second image with the illumination light to superimpose the second image over the first image formed by the objective optical system; a detector that receives the second image to detect information of the second image; and a filter that filters out light of the illumination light advancing to the detector.

Description:
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
   The disclosure of the following priority application is herein incorporated by reference:
     Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-201309, filed Jul. 11, 2005   

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to an observation device and a camera to which such an observation device is provided. 
   2. Description of Related Art 
   A device which performs superimposed display of an AF area or the like by superposing it upon an image of an object to be photographed in the field of view of a viewfinder is currently widely employed in digital cameras and silver halide film cameras of the single lens reflex type (for example, refer to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication H06-130481). With the display device described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication H06-130481, it is arranged to perform display by projecting illumination light from a LED upon minute prisms which are formed on a focusing glass, and by these prisms conducting the illumination light to an eyepiece lens. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   However, there has been a problem of this display light being incident upon a photometric unit provided in the vicinity, off the optical axis, so that an undesirable influence upon the photometric process is thereby exerted. This type of influence is also generated in the case of a display device which employs a polymer dispersed type liquid crystal display element or a diffraction grating type liquid crystal display element; and, in particular, this influence appears prominently when the display light is bright and the image of the object to be photographed is dark. 
   According to the 1st aspect of the present invention, an observation device capable of observing a first image formed by an objective optical system, comprises: a display element into which an illumination light emitted from an illumination source is incident and that generates a second image with the illumination light to superimpose the second image over the first image formed by the objective optical system; a detector that receives the second image to detect information of the second image; and a filter that filters out light of the illumination light advancing to the detector. 
   According to the 2nd aspect of the present invention, in the observation device according to the 1st aspect, it is preferred that the filter is a wavelength selection element to block a wavelength range of the illumination light emitted from the illumination source. 
   According to the 3rd aspect of the present invention, in the observation device according to the 1st aspect, it is preferred that the filter is a light polarization element to block light having a specific polarized light component of the illumination light. 
   According to the 4th aspect of the present invention, in the observation device according to the 3rd aspect, it is preferred that there is further provided a polarized light plate that makes the illumination light a specific polarized light. 
   According to the 5th aspect of the present invention, in the observation device according to the 1st aspect, it is preferred that the display element diffracts a polarized light having a specific wavelength range included in the illumination light to generate the second image. 
   According to the 6th aspect of the present invention, in the observation device according to the 1st aspect, it is preferred that the detector detects a luminance of the first image formed by the objective optical device. 
   According to the 7th aspect of the present invention, in the observation device according to the 1st aspect, it is preferred that the illumination source emits the illumination light while the detector is detecting the information of the first image. 
   According to the 8th aspect of the present invention, in the observation device according to the 5th aspect, it is preferred that the display element comprises a holographic optical element. 
   According to the 9th aspect of the present invention, in the observation device according to the 1st aspect, it is preferred that the display element comprises a prism. 
   According to the 10th aspect of the present invention, a camera comprises: an observation optical system capable of observing a first image formed by an objective optical system; an illumination source that emits an illumination light; a display element that is provided in the observation optical system, into which the illumination light emitted from an illumination source is incident, and that generates a second image with the illumination light to superimpose the second image over the first image formed by the objective optical system; a detector that receives the second image to detect information of the second image; and a filter that filters out light of the illumination light advancing to the detector. 
   According to the 11th aspect of the present invention, in the camera according to the 10th aspect, it is preferred that the filter is a wavelength selection element to block a wavelength range of the illumination light emitted from the illumination source. 
   According to the 12th aspect of the present invention, in the camera according to the 10th aspect, it is preferred that the filter is a light polarization element to block light having a specific polarized light component of the illumination light. 
   According to the 13th aspect of the present invention, in the camera according to the 12th aspect, it is preferred that there is further provided a polarized light plate that makes the illumination light a specific polarized light. 
   According to the 14th aspect of the present invention, in the camera according to the 10th aspect, it is preferred that the display element diffracts a polarized light having a specific wavelength range included in the illumination light to generate the second image. 
   According to the 15th aspect of the present invention, in the camera according to the 10th aspect, it is preferred that the detector detects a luminance of the first image formed by the objective optical device. 
   According to the 16th aspect of the present invention, in the camera according to the 10th aspect, it is preferred that the illumination source emits the illumination light while the detector is detecting the information of the first image. 
   According to the 17th aspect of the present invention, in the camera according to the 14th aspect, it is preferred that the display element comprises a holographic optical element. 
   According to the 18th aspect of the present invention, in the camera according to the 10th aspect, it is preferred that the display element comprises a prism. 
   According to the 19th aspect of the present invention, an observation method device observing a first image formed by an objective optical system, comprises: generating a second image with an illumination light emitted from an illumination source; superimposing the generated second image over the first image formed by the objective optical system; receiving the second image to detect information of the second image; and filtering out light of the illumination light advancing to the detector. 
   According to the 20th aspect of the present invention, in the observation method according to the 19th aspect, it is preferred that the method further comprises making the illumination light a specific polarized light. 
   According to the 21st aspect of the present invention, in the observation method according to the 19th aspect, it is preferred that the second image is superimposed while the information of the first image is being detected. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a figure showing the schematic structure of an viewfinder of a single lens reflex type camera; 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic figure showing the structure of a diffracting optical element  9  and an illumination unit  10 ; 
       FIG. 3A  is a figure showing the spectral distribution of a light flux which arrives at a photometric unit  11 , and particularly shows the P-polarized light component thereof; 
       FIG. 3B  is another figure showing the spectral distribution of this light flux which arrives at the photometric unit  11 , and particularly shows the S-polarized light component thereof; and 
       FIG. 4  is a figure showing the schematic structure when applying the present invention to a LED projection method display device. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   In the following, preferred embodiments for implementing the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings.  FIG. 1  is a figure showing an embodiment of an observation device according to the present invention, and shows the schematic structure of a viewfinder of a single lens reflex camera as the observation device according to the present invention. A lens barrel which comprises a photographic lens  2  is fitted in an exchangeable manner to a camera body  1 . Although, in  FIG. 1 , the example of a single lens reflex camera which uses silver halide film  4  as an image recording medium is shown, in the case of a digital camera of the single lens reflex type, an image sensor such as a CCD or a CMOS element or the like would be used as an image recording medium. 
   Between the photographic lens  2  and the film  4 , there is provided a quick return mirror  5  which reflects light from the object to be photographed in the direction of a pentaprism  7 . It should be understood that a shutter is provided between the film  4  and the quick return mirror  5 , although this is not shown in the figure. A viewfinder screen  6  is located in a position which is optically equivalent to the photosensitive material surface of the film  4 , so that light from the object to be photographed is reflected by the quick return mirror  5  and is imaged upon the viewfinder screen  6 . 
   The image of the object to be photographed which has thus been imaged upon the viewfinder screen  6  may be observed via the pentaprism  7  and the eyepiece lens  8  by a user or a photographer. It should be understood that, during photography, the mirror  5  is shifted away from the optical path of the light from the object to be photographed, so that an image of the object to be photographed is imaged upon the film  4 . The photographic lens  2  constitutes an objective optical system that forms the image of the object to be photographed upon the film  4  or upon the viewfinder screen  6 . 
   Furthermore, a diffracting optical element  9  is disposed adjacent to the upper portion of the viewfinder screen  6 . Illumination light which has been emitted from an illumination unit  10  is incident into the diffracting optical element  9  from its side surface. As will be described hereinafter, this diffracting optical element  9  is a display member which employs a holographic liquid crystal, and, in this element, there is provided a display section which is endowed with the function of a refractive index type diffraction grating. The illumination light which is incident into the diffracting optical element  9  is diffracted in the direction of the pentaprism  7  by this display section, and is conducted to the eyepiece lens  8 . As a result, a marker comes to be displayed by the diffracted light, superimposed over the image of the object to be photographed. This marker which is displayed due to the diffracted light may be a mark, a graphic, a symbol, a numeral or the like related to photographic information such as AF area or the like, or to camera information such as remaining battery amount or the like. 
   The reference symbol  13  denotes a drive circuit for turning the diffraction function of this diffracting optical element  9  ON and OFF. A photometric unit  11  is provided at the rear of the pentaprism  7 , at a position approximately conjugate with the surface of the viewfinder screen above the eyepiece lens  8 , so as to look at the surface of the viewfinder screen  6 . This photometric unit  11  is for detecting the luminance of the object to be photographed, which is information relating to the object to be photographed, and comprises a photometric sensor  11   a  and a filter unit  11   b  which is disposed at the front surface of the photometric sensor  11   a . This photometric sensor  11   a  comprises a plurality of light reception elements corresponding to a plurality of segmented photometric regions which are set within the field of view of the view finder, and performs photometry at various positions of the image of the object to be photographed which has been imaged on the viewfinder screen  6 . The result of this photometry is employed for determining an exposure or an aperture for the camera. Sometimes a two dimensional area sensor which has a color filter on its front surface, and which is thus also adapted for performing calorimeter, may also be used as the photometric sensor  11   a.    
   Not only light from the object to be photographed, but also a portion of the light which has been diffracted by the diffracting optical element  9 , is incident upon the photometric unit  11 . Due to this, it is arranged to block the diffracted light for display from being incident upon the photometric sensor  11   a  with the filter unit  11   b  which is disposed on the front surface of the photometric sensor  11   a . The position in which this filter member  11   b  is disposed may be on the front surface of the photometric sensor  11   a  as shown in  FIG. 1 ; or, alternatively, it may be disposed interior to the photometric sensor  11   a , at the front surface of the light reception elements thereof. The function of this filter unit  11   b  will be described later. 
     FIG. 2  is a figure schematically showing the structures of the diffracting optical element  9  and the illumination unit  10 . First, the diffracting optical element  9  will be explained. This diffracting optical element  9  comprises a pair of glass substrates  20 ,  21 , and transparent electrodes  22 ,  23  are respectively formed on mutually confronting surfaces of these glass substrates  20 ,  21 . These transparent electrodes  22 ,  23  are formed of the same shape, and have a shape according to the display format of the display section. The transparent electrodes  22 ,  23  are connected to the above described drive circuit  13 , and the turning ON and OFF of an applied voltage to the transparent electrodes  22 ,  23  is controlled by the drive circuit  13 . 
   Amass of liquid crystal  24  is provided between the glass substrates  20 ,  21  provided with the transparent electrodes  22 ,  23 , and is sealed in by a seal member  26  which is arranged around the peripheral portions of the glass substrates  20 ,  21 . 
   This liquid crystal mass  24  consists of a non-display section  24 A in the portion where the transparent electrodes  22 ,  23  are not provided, and a display section  24 B which is sandwiched between the transparent electrodes  22 ,  23 . In the non-display section  24 A, a macromolecular material which is isotropic with regard to refractive index and a material (liquid crystal) which is anisotropic with regard to refractive index are in a state of being mixed together in a non-hardened state. 
   On the other hand the display section  24 B is a section which constitutes a liquid crystal hologram, and it has a banded multi-layered structure in which isotropic refractive index layer regions  241  and anisotropic refractive index layer regions  242  are alternatingly repeated in the direction along the surface of the in-viewfinder display element  9 , in other words in the direction of progression of the illumination light. The isotropic refractive index layer regions  241  are regions in which the above described macromolecular molecule is hardened and has become a polymer, while, in the anisotropic refractive index layer regions  242 , a large number of small droplets of the liquid crystal, which is the material with an anisotropic refractive index, are included in this hardened macromolecular polymer. 
   The isotropic refractive index layer regions  241  which are made from polymer have isotropic refractive index, irrespective of whether or not any voltage is being applied to the transparent electrodes  22 ,  23 . On the other hand, in the anisotropic refractive index layer regions  242 , the orientation of the liquid crystal changes according to whether or not voltage is being applied to the transparent electrodes  22 ,  23 , and along with this, their refractive index also changes. 
   In the state in which no voltage is being applied to the transparent electrodes  22 ,  23 , with regard to light which is incident along the lamination direction of the display section  24 B, such as the illumination light which is emitted from the illumination unit  10 , it is arranged for the refractive index of the liquid crystal and the refractive index of the polymer to have mutually different refractive index values, so as to satisfy the Bragg diffraction condition. In other words, in the state in which no voltage is applied, the display section  24 B is constituted by a refractive index type diffraction grating, in which layers in which the refractive index is large and layers in which the refractive index is small are arranged alternatingly in series. The diffraction condition at this time is set so that the illumination light is diffracted in the direction of the pentaprism  7  (refer to  FIG. 1 ). As a result, the diffracted light  27  is emitted from the diffracting optical element  9  in the upwards direction as seen in the figure. 
   On the other hand, in the state in which a voltage is applied, along with the orientation of the liquid crystal in the anisotropic refractive index layer region  242  changing, the refractive index also changes, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal and the refractive index of the polymer for the illumination light, which is proceeding in the lamination direction, become equal. As a result, the incident illumination light is not diffracted, but rather passes through the display section  24 B. 
   The illumination unit  10  comprises a light source LED  101 , a light guide  102 , a diffusion plate  103 , and a polarized light plate  104 . The light source LED  101  emits, for example, substantially monochromatic light of half width 15 nm centered on a wavelength of λ=630 nm, and the light flux (luminous flux) which is emitted is incident into the light guide  102 . The light guide  102  is made from a transparent plastic material, with a reflecting surface  102   a  being formed by vapor deposition at a lower sloping surface thereof, and with a light flux emission surface  102   b  being formed in the neighborhood thereof. The illumination light which is incident into this light guide  102  progresses through the interior of the light guide  102 , and is reflected off from the reflection surface  102   a  and emitted from the light flux emission surface  102   b.    
   The illumination light which has been emitted from the light flux emission surface  102   b  of the light guide  102  is incident upon the diffusion plate  103 . This diffusion plate  103  is a one dimensional diffusion plate which only has a diffusion effect in the longitudinal direction of the diffracting optical element  9  (the direction perpendicular to the drawing paper), and the illumination light is thereby spread out so as to arrive at all the regions of the diffracting optical element  9 . The polarized light plate  104  passes only P-polarized light whose direction of light polarization coincides with the substrate thickness direction of the diffracting optical element  9 , while light which is polarized in any other manner is absorbed. In other words, only the P-polarized light in the illumination light generated by the light source LED  101  is incident upon the diffracting optical element  9 . 
   The display section  24 B which is formed within the diffracting optical element  9  diffracts only this P-polarized light, while it only scatters light of other polarizations, but does not operate as a diffraction grating therefor. Due to this, by absorbing the light of other than P-polarization with the polarized light plate  104 , it is possible to reduce the component which is scattered by the display section  24 B, so that thereby it is possible to anticipate an enhancement of the contrast of the display. The diffracted light which is emitted from the diffracting optical element  9  thus becomes P-polarized light, and its wavelength is of narrow bandwidth, since its light source is a LED. For example, if a light source LED  101  of wavelength 630 nm is used, then the display light may be considered as being P-polarized light having a wavelength of from 610 nm to 650 nm. 
   As a result, P-polarized display light is included in the light flux which arrives at the photometric unit  11 , in addition to the light from the object to be photographed which is the background light of the display.  FIGS. 3A and 3B  are figures showing the spectral distribution of the light flux which arrives at the photometric unit  11 :  FIG. 3A  shows the P-polarized light component, while  FIG. 3B  shows the S-polarized light component. The distribution curve which appears highest in the vicinity of the center of  FIGS. 3A and 3B  is a curve due to the light from the object to be photographed, while the distribution curve in  FIG. 3A  which has a peak in the long wavelength region shows the display light flux which has been diffracted by the diffracting optical element  9 . Since, as described above, the display light flux includes only the P-polarized light component, it does not appear in  FIG. 3B  which shows the S-polarized light component. Furthermore since, as described above, the display light is illumination light of the light source LED  101  which has been diffracted, accordingly its wavelength region is included within the range of the LED light emission wavelength (610 nm&lt;λ&lt;650 nm). 
   In this embodiment, the filter unit  11   b  is disposed on the front surface of the photometric sensor  11   a , so that P-polarized light in the wavelength region of 610 nm to 650 nm is blocked from being incident upon the photometric sensor  11   a . It should be understood that the P-polarized light component having the same wavelength region with regard to light other than the display light is also blocked. As a result, it is possible for the photometric sensor  11   a  to perform photometry without experiencing any influence from the display light. As the functional member which is used for the filter unit  11   b  for eliminating P-polarized light of the specified wavelength region in this manner, there may be used a holographic filter which diffracts P-polarized light of the specified wavelength region, or a wavelength-selective PBS which is obtained by making a multi-layered thin film. In either case, its function as the polarized light element of the filter unit  11   b  is to pass only the S-polarized light whose light polarization direction is perpendicular with respect to the light polarization direction of the display light. 
   It should be understood that although, in the above described embodiment, the polarized light plate  104  was provided to the illumination unit  10 , so that the illumination light incident upon the diffracting optical element  9  was made to be only P-polarized light, because, principally, the light which is diffracted by the display section  24 B is only P-polarized light, accordingly the polarized light plate  104  may be omitted, since it is not absolutely necessary to provide it. 
   A Variant Embodiment 
   The present invention is not limited only to a display device of the diffraction grating type, as described above; it may also be applied, in the same manner, to a LED projection type display device. In the prior art, in a LED projection type display device, in order to avoid any influence of the display light upon photometry, it was arranged to display instantaneous illumination at a timing at which the photometric function did not operate. However, it is desirable for an in-viewfinder marker such as an AF area marker to be always turned on, and, by applying the present invention, it also becomes possible always to turn on an LED projection type display device. 
     FIG. 4  is a figure showing the schematic structure in the case of an LED projection method; in this figure, to structural elements the same as ones in  FIG. 1 , the same reference symbols are appended. A plurality of micro prisms  60  for display are formed on a viewfinder screen  6 . An illumination unit  10  is provided above a pentaprism  7 , and its illumination light passes through the pentaprism  7  and is projected upon the micro prisms  60 . A light source LED  101 , a collimator lens  105 , and a polarized light plate  104  are provided to the illumination unit  10 . It should be understood that although, in  FIG. 4 , only one illumination unit  10  is shown, there may be provided a plurality of illumination units  10 , corresponding to the number of markers. In this case, the direction of light polarization of the polarized light plate  104  which is provided to each of the illumination units  10  are all made to be the same direction, so that P-polarized light is emitted from each of the polarized light plates  104 . 
   The P-polarized illumination light which has been emitted from the illumination unit  10  is projected upon the micro prisms  60 , and is reflected in the direction of the pentaprism  7  by the sloping surfaces of the micro prisms  60 . The light which is reflected by the plurality of micro prisms  60 , in other words the display light, is observed as a marker via the pentaprism  7  and an eyepiece lens  8 . 
   Since the illumination light which is projected from the illumination unit  10  is not perfectly collimated, at this time, the display light also arrives at a photometric unit  11  which is disposed so as to look at the viewfinder screen  6  which is in the vicinity, off the optical axis. However, since the filter member  11   b  which is disposed on the front surface of the photometric sensor  11   a  is a wavelength selection type polarized light member, and its light polarization direction is set to be perpendicular with respect to the light polarization direction of the display light, accordingly most of the display light is intercepted by this filter member  11   b . As a result, it is possible to perform photometry while experiencing almost no influence from the display light. 
   The orientation of the side surfaces (reflection surfaces) of the micro prisms  60  shown in  FIG. 4  is generally a gentle slope in the leftward direction as seen in the figure, but a plurality of micro prisms  60  are also disposed in the direction perpendicular to the drawing paper, so as to correspond to the display shape. And the surface directions of the micro prisms  60  are set so as to return the light flux which each of them reflects back in the field of view direction. Due to this, the reflection surface of each of the micro prisms  60  is given a slight angle in the direction perpendicular to the drawing paper, so that, when illumination light whose light polarization direction is in the direction perpendicular to the drawing paper is incident upon this type of reflection surface, the plane of light polarization is rotated, but only slightly. 
   By an amount thereof corresponding to this rotational angle getting past the blocking function of the filter unit  11   b  which is provided to the photometric unit  10 , a portion of the display light which is incident upon the filter unit  11   b  passes through the filter unit  11   b  and comes to be incident upon the photometric sensor  11   a . Since there is no problem in practice if around 90% of the disturbance light (the display light) which has become incident upon the photometric unit  11  in this manner is eliminated, accordingly it becomes possible to operate with no problem at all if, as described above, the direction of light polarization of the polarized light plates  104  is set to the direction perpendicular to the drawing paper, or to the left and right direction. 
   The above described embodiments are examples, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.