Abstract:
A cover and a system of covers/boots for placement in sealed relation over a connector or pair of connectors that is or are adapted to terminate a cable or splice together a pair of cables, preferably cables that carry signals received by a receiving apparatus on a cell tower. The covers include a cable end that sealingly receives a cable therein, an elongated body that provides secure cover to a cable connector, and an end that abuts a bulkhead or sealingly engages with a second cover when used in a splicing application.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/248,789 filed Sep. 29, 2011, which is a continuation of PCT/US2010/050708 filed Sep. 29, 2010, entitled “Cover for Cable Connectors”; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The present application is also related to U.S. Non-provisional application Ser. No. 12/760,134 filed Apr. 14, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,419,467 issued Apr. 16, 2013, entitled “Cover for Cable Connectors”; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. The present application is also related to U.S. Non-provisional application Ser. No. 12/414,255 filed Mar. 30, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,838,775 issued Nov. 23, 2010, entitled “Cover for Cable Connectors”; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates generally to covers for cable connectors, and more particularly to covers that protect cable connectors from environmental degradation. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Transmission line components such as connectors are often exposed to the open environment and are thus susceptible to degradation from weather related corrosive effects (e.g., moisture infiltration), pollution, debris and other elements. Degradation of the components potentially leads to degradation of the signal quality being transmitted through the cables. 
         [0006]    To protect the components from environmental effects, layers of tape have been used to cover and seal the components, creating what have conventionally been referred to as tape-wrap seals. The tape layers typically consist of a first layer of electrical tape, followed by a layer of butyl tape, and then followed by another layer of electrical tape. While the layering of tape does in certain instances provide for a secure seal, it is not without its drawbacks. 
         [0007]    First, the taping requires significant time in its initial installation, and needs to be removed in order to gain access to the component when servicing the components (and then reapplied after servicing is complete). The time associated with the taping and removal thereof when servicing the components is costly. In addition, the quality of the seal is dependant on the skill of the worker that is applying the tape. As such, inconsistent application of the tape may lead to instances of ineffective sealing of components. 
         [0008]    Second, the properties inherent in the material composition of the tape subjects the tape to size fluctuation and inconsistent adherence. If the tape contracts in colder temperatures and loses adherence strength in warmer temperatures, for example, the quality of the seal created through the tape becomes compromised in regions that experience wide temperature fluctuation. In addition, the same pollutants and other environmental factors that affect the components when unsealed may also affect the sealing quality of the tape. 
         [0009]    In addition to taping as a sealing provision, plastic clamshell or valise type covers have been used to envelop the components. These style covers are exemplified by the plastic material composition and the closure mechanisms used to open and close them around the components. While the opening and closing of the clamshell style cover facilitates quicker installation and removal in repair situations, it too is not without its drawbacks. For instance, the plastic material becomes brittle in colder temperatures, and this reduction in ductility increases over time. As the material becomes more brittle, the closure mechanisms lose their effectiveness often breaking or otherwise not reliably performing the closure function for which they were designed. Furthermore, the clamshell style closures include seams that extend essentially the entire periphery of the cover, making the sealing function much more difficult when compared to covers that do not include such long seams between parts. As such, the clamshell style covers lose their sealing effectiveness over time and in climates that routinely experience cold temperatures. 
         [0010]    There is also a need for protective elements such as cable covers that are designed to cover and protect transmission line components such as connectors which are angled or otherwise variable. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    It is therefore a principal object and advantage of the present invention to provide a cover for cable connectors or other components that may be quickly installed and/or removed. 
         [0012]    It is another object and advantage of the present invention to provide a cable component cover that protects the cable connectors or other components from the environment. 
         [0013]    It is yet another object and advantage of the present invention to provide a cable component cover that maintains its sealing properties regardless of temperature fluctuations. 
         [0014]    It is a further object and advantage of the present invention to provide a cable connector cover that may be used in conjunction with other cable connector covers of various sizes and/or shapes. 
         [0015]    Other objects and advantages of the present invention will in part be obvious, and in part appear hereinafter. 
         [0016]    In accordance with the foregoing objects and advantages, a first aspect of the present invention provides a cover for a connector adapted to terminate a cable, wherein the connector includes a body portion and a coupling element. The cover comprises: (i) a unitary elongated body member having a cable end, a bulkhead end, an interior surface, and an exterior surface, where the unitary elongated body extends along a longitudinal axis; (ii) a plurality of spaced apart grooves formed in a predetermined region of the interior surface of the body member, proximate the cable end; and (iii) wherein the interior surface of the body member is adapted to sealingly engage the connector in an area proximate the bulkhead end. The cover is composed of a rubber material, preferably a silicone rubber. The exterior surface of the cover can include at least one wing formed on the exterior surface that serves as a gripping surface for a tool or manual engagement (e.g., fingers) used to remove the cover from a connector by axial sliding of the cover. The cover can further include an adaptor that is in removable communication with the cover and is preferably composed of a plastic material. At least a portion of the adaptor is positioned between the connector and the interior surface of the cover. The cover can further include an annular ridge that is formed to forcibly fit over the connector. 
         [0017]    A second aspect of the present invention provides a cover for a connector adapted to terminate a cable, the cover comprising: (i) a unitary elongated body member having a cable end, a connector end, an interior surface, and an exterior surface, where the unitary elongated body extends along a longitudinal axis; and (ii) wherein the exterior surface comprises a first region extending from the cable end to a first shoulder and including at least one strain relief member defined therein, the first region having a minimum, first cross-sectional diameter, a second region extending from the first shoulder to a second shoulder, the second region having a minimum, second cross-sectional diameter that is less than the minimum, first cross-sectional diameter, and a third region extending from the second shoulder to the connector end, the third region having a minimum, third cross-sectional diameter that is greater than the minimum, second cross-sectional diameter. Each of the strain members comprise a circumferential groove extending less than completely around the circumference of said first region of the exterior surface. The cover can optionally include a plurality of spaced-apart grooves in one of the interior regions, preferably the interior region proximate the cable end. Each of the grooves extend in spaced parallel relation to the others. 
         [0018]    A third aspect of the present invention provides a cover for a connector adapted to terminate a cable, the cover comprising: (i) a unitary elongated body member having a cable end, a connector end, an interior surface, and an exterior surface, the unitary elongated body extending along a longitudinal axis; and (ii) wherein the interior surface comprises a first region adapted to cover at least a portion of the cable and extending from the cable end to a first shoulder, the first region having a minimum, first cross-sectional diameter, and a second region adapted to cover at least the connector body portion and that extends from the first shoulder to a second shoulder, the second region having a minimum, second cross-sectional diameter that is greater than the minimum, first cross-sectional diameter. The exterior surface of the cover can optionally comprise a first region extending from the cable end to a third shoulder and include at least one strain relief member defined therein, the first region having a minimum, third cross-sectional diameter, a second region extending from the third shoulder to a fourth shoulder, the second region having a minimum, fourth cross-sectional diameter that is less than the minimum, third cross-sectional diameter, and a third region extending from the fourth shoulder to the connector end, the third region having a minimum, fifth cross-sectional diameter that is greater than the minimum, fourth cross-sectional diameter. 
         [0019]    A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a cover for a connector adapted to terminate a cable, the cover comprising: (i) a unitary elongated body member having a cable end, a connector end, an interior surface, and an exterior surface, the unitary elongated body extending along a longitudinal axis; and (ii) wherein the interior surface includes a first region extending from the cable end to a first shoulder, the first region being of a minimum, first cross-sectional diameter, a second region extending from the first shoulder to a second shoulder, the second region being of an minimum, second cross-sectional diameter that is greater than the minimum, first cross-sectional diameter, and a third region extending from the second shoulder to the connector end, the third region being of a minimum, third cross-sectional diameter that is greater than the minimum, second cross-sectional diameter. The cover can optionally further comprise: (iii) wherein the exterior surface comprises a first region extending from the cable end to a third shoulder and including at least one strain relief member defined therein, the first region having a minimum, fourth cross-sectional diameter, a second region extending from the third shoulder to a fourth shoulder, the second region having a minimum, fifth cross-sectional diameter that is less than the minimum, fourth cross-sectional diameter, and a third region extending from said fourth shoulder to the connector end, the third region having a minimum, sixth cross-sectional diameter that is greater than the minimum, fifth cross-sectional diameter. 
         [0020]    A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a cover for a connector adapted to terminate a cable, the cover comprising: (i) a unitary elongated body member having a cable end, a connector end, an interior surface, and an exterior surface, said unitary elongated body extending along a longitudinal axis; (ii) wherein said interior surface includes a first region adapted to cover at least a portion of the signal carrying cable and extending from said cable end to a first shoulder, said first region being of a minimum, first cross-sectional diameter, a second region adapted to cover at least the connector body portion and that extends from said first shoulder to a second shoulder, said second region being of an minimum, second cross-sectional diameter that is greater than said minimum, first cross-sectional diameter, a third region adapted to cover at least the coupling element and extending from said second shoulder to a third shoulder, said third region being of a minimum, third cross-sectional diameter that is larger than said second cross-sectional diameter, and a fourth region adapted to cover the shank portion and that extends from said third shoulder to said connector end, said fourth region being of a minimum, fourth cross-sectional diameter that is greater than said minimum, third cross-sectional diameter. The cover can optionally further comprise: (iii) wherein the exterior surface comprises a first region extending from the cable end to a fourth shoulder and including at least one strain relief member defined therein, the first region having a minimum, fifth cross-sectional diameter, a second region extending from the fourth shoulder to a fifth shoulder, the second region having a minimum, sixth cross-sectional diameter that is less than the minimum, fifth cross-sectional diameter, and a third region extending from the fifth shoulder to the connector end, the third region having a minimum, seventh cross-sectional diameter that is greater than the minimum, sixth cross-sectional diameter. 
         [0021]    A sixth aspect of the present invention provides a system for covering a first connector adapted to terminate a first cable, and further covering a second connector adapted to terminate a second cable, the system comprising: (i) a first elongated body member comprising cable and splice ends, interior and exterior surfaces, and extending along a longitudinal axis, the first elongated body being adapted to envelop at least a portion of the first connector; (ii) a second elongated body adapted to telescopically engage the first elongated body member in enveloping relation to the second connector, the second elongated body member comprising cable and splice ends, interior and exterior surfaces, and adapted to extend co-axially from the first body member when engaged therewith, the second elongated body being adapted to envelop at least a portion of the second connector; and (iii) wherein a portion of the first elongated body is adapted to be positioned between the interior surface of the first elongated body member and the first connector. The second elongated body can further comprise an annular flange that extends about the exterior surface thereof, an upper segment that extends upwardly from the annular flange and a lower segment that extends downwardly from the annular flange. The upper segment of the second elongated body can be formed to be positioned between the interior surface of the first elongated body member and the first connector, and the splice end of the first elongated body member can be formed to abut the annular flange when the first and second elongated bodies are engaged with one another. The first elongated body member can include one or more gripping surfaces on its exterior surface. 
         [0022]    An seventh aspect of the present invention provides a system for covering a first connector adapted to terminate a first cable, and further covering a second connector adapted to terminate a second cable. The system of covers essentially comprises a first elongated body member extending along a longitudinal axis and comprising cable and splice ends, interior and exterior surfaces, and adapted to envelop at least a portion of the first connector; a second elongated body adapted to telescopically engage the first elongated body member in enveloping relation to the second connector. The second elongated body member adapted to envelop the second connector comprises cable and splice ends, interior and exterior surfaces, and extends co-axially from the first body member when engaged therewith, and further comprises an annular flange that extends about said exterior surface thereof, an upper segment that extends upwardly from said annular flange and a lower segment that extends downwardly from said annular flange. A portion of the upper segment of the first elongated body is adapted to be positioned between the interior surface of the first elongated body member and the first connector. 
         [0023]    A eighth aspect of the present invention provides a cover for a connector adapted to terminate a cable, the cover comprising: (i) a unitary elongated body member having a cable end, a connector end, an interior surface, and an exterior surface; (ii) a plurality of spaced apart grooves formed in a predetermined region of the interior surface of the body member, proximate the cable end; and (ii) wherein the cable end and the connector end are positioned such that the body of the cover forms an angle greater than or less than 180 degrees. The exterior surface of the angled cable cover can further comprise first region extending from the cable end to a first shoulder and including at least one strain relief member defined therein, the first region having a minimum, first cross-sectional diameter, a second region extending from the first shoulder to a second shoulder, the second region having a minimum, second cross-sectional diameter that is less than the minimum, first cross-sectional diameter, and a third region extending from the second shoulder to the connector end, the third region having a minimum, third cross-sectional diameter that is greater than the minimum, second cross-sectional diameter. 
         [0024]    A ninth aspect of the present invention provides a customizable port seal comprising: (i) a unitary elongated body having an initial length and comprising a cable end, a connector end, an interior surface, and an exterior surface, and a first section of arbitrary length proximate to the connector end; (ii) wherein the exterior surface of the port seal proximate to the cable end comprises one or more spaced apart grooves; and (iii) wherein at least a portion of the first section is adapted to be removed such that the unitary elongated body has a second, post-removal length which is shorter than the initial length. Optionally, the interior and/or exterior surfaces of each end of the port seal can comprise a plurality of spaced-apart grooves, where each of the grooves extends in spaced parallel relation to the others. 
         [0025]    A tenth aspect of the present invention provides a port seal system comprising (i) a customizable port seal which includes a unitary elongated body having an initial length and comprising a cable end, a connector end, an interior surface, and an exterior surface, and a first section of arbitrary length proximate to the connector end, wherein at least a portion of the first section is adapted to be removed such that the unitary elongated body has a second, post-removal length which is shorter than the initial length; and (ii) a cover in overlapping communication with the cable end of the port seal. The cover comprises a unitary elongated body member having a cable end, a connector end, an interior surface, and an exterior surface, and a plurality of spaced apart grooves formed in a predetermined region of the interior surface of the body member, proximate to the cable end. The exterior of the cable cover in the cover system can optionally include a first region extending from the cable end to a first shoulder and including at least one strain relief member defined therein, the first region having a minimum, first cross-sectional diameter, a second region extending from the first shoulder to a second shoulder, the second region having a minimum, second cross-sectional diameter that is less than the minimum, first cross-sectional diameter, and a third region extending from the second shoulder to said connector end, the third region having a minimum, third cross-sectional diameter that is greater than the minimum, second cross-sectional diameter. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0026]    The present invention will be more fully appreciated and understood by reading the following Detailed Description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0027]      FIG. 1  is a partially cut-away perspective view of a first embodiment of a cover for a first cable connector; 
           [0028]      FIG. 2  is a partially exploded perspective view thereof; 
           [0029]      FIG. 3  is a fully exploded perspective view thereof; 
           [0030]      FIG. 4  is a partially cut-away perspective view of a second embodiment of a cover for a second cable connector; 
           [0031]      FIGS. 5 and 6  are partially exploded perspective views thereof; 
           [0032]      FIG. 7  is a fully exploded perspective view thereof; 
           [0033]      FIG. 8  is a partially cut-away perspective view of a third embodiment of a system of covers for providing cover to first and second cable connectors used to splice two differently sized cables; 
           [0034]      FIG. 9  is a partially exploded perspective view thereof; 
           [0035]      FIG. 10  is a fully exploded perspective view thereof; 
           [0036]      FIG. 11  is a partially cut-away perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a system of covers for providing cover to first and second cable connectors used to splice two differently sized cables; 
           [0037]      FIGS. 12 and 13  are partially exploded perspective views thereof; 
           [0038]      FIG. 14  is a fully exploded perspective view thereof; 
           [0039]      FIG. 15  is an exploded view of a sixth embodiment of a cover and cable connector assembly; 
           [0040]      FIG. 16  is a side view of an assembled configuration thereof; 
           [0041]      FIGS. 17-19  are partially cut-away perspective views of a seventh embodiment of a system of covers for providing cover to first and second cable connectors used to splice two differently sized cables; 
           [0042]      FIG. 20  is a partially cut-away perspective view of a eighth embodiment of a system of covers for providing cover to first and second cable connectors and using an adaptor; 
           [0043]      FIG. 21A  is a side view of a first embodiment of an adaptor; 
           [0044]      FIG. 21B  is a bisecting cut-away view of one embodiment of the adaptor; 
           [0045]      FIG. 21C  is a bisecting cut-away view of another embodiment of the adaptor; 
           [0046]      FIG. 22  is a partially cut-away perspective view of a ninth embodiment of a system of covers for providing cover to first and second cable connectors and using an adaptor; 
           [0047]      FIGS. 23-25  are partially cut-away perspective views of a tenth embodiment of a system of covers for providing cover to first and second cable connectors and using an adaptor; 
           [0048]      FIG. 26  is a cut-away perspective view of a eleventh embodiment of a cover for a cable connector; 
           [0049]      FIG. 27  is a cut-away side view of a twelfth embodiment of a cover for a cable connector prior to installation; 
           [0050]      FIG. 28  is a cut-away side view of the same embodiment of the cover, after installation over a connector; 
           [0051]      FIG. 29  is a side view of a system comprising a cable cover and a port seal of customizable length; 
           [0052]      FIG. 30  is a side view of two port seals of different lengths according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0053]      FIG. 31  is a perspective view of a bulkhead with a port seal; 
           [0054]      FIG. 32  is a side view of two port seals of different lengths according to one embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0055]      FIG. 33  is a side view of two port seals of different lengths with cable covers; 
           [0056]      FIG. 34  is a perspective view of an adjustable port seal; and 
           [0057]      FIG. 35  is a side view of an adjustable port seal. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0058]    Referring now to the drawing figures in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout, there is seen in  FIG. 1  a cover, designated generally by reference numeral  10 , adapted to be placed in secure and sealing relation over a connector  12  (such as a 5-series connector manufactured by John Mezzalingua Associates, Inc. of East Syracuse, N.Y. that is adapted to terminate a ⅞″ cable). Connector  12  terminates on a bulkhead  13 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , cover  10  comprises an elongated body composed of a rubber material that exhibits a low modulus of elasticity over an extended temperature range, preferably a silicone rubber, that extends along a longitudinal axis X-X, a cable end  14 , bulkhead end  16 , exterior surface  18 , interior surface  20 , and wedge shaped wings  22  extending from opposing sides of exterior surface  18  that provide a gripping surface for a tool or manual engagement, such as pliers or a user&#39;s fingers, used to remove cover from covering relation to connector  12 . The rubber composition of the cover permit it to elastically deform to the connector and other elements that it covers (e.g., the bulkhead), as will be described in greater detail hereinafter, when being installed or removed. 
         [0059]    A series of longitudinally and sequentially spaced grooves  24  are formed in interior surface  20 , proximate cable end  14 , and extend over a predetermined distance. Notably, grooves  24  are not threads as they are not a continuous helix, but rather spaced apart, parallel grooves that function as small reservoirs for any moisture that may infiltrate the open cable end  14  of cover  10 , as will be described in greater detail hereinafter. In the field, scratches or other material removal occurs in the jacket of a cable, and moisture may sometimes infiltrate through those scratches and into the seal. Grooves  24  (and the grooves in the other disclosed embodiments) are intended to minimize the effects of any such moisture migration. 
         [0060]    With continued reference to  FIG. 1 , connector  12  extends outwardly from bulkhead  13  along axis X-X. Bulkhead  13  includes a shank portion  28  that is either integral therewith or comprised of a separate element preferably composed of rubber. If shank portion  28  is integral with bulkhead  13 , a rubber gasket  26  is preferably placed in sealing relation at the interface of shank portion  28  and the neck  29  of bulkhead  13 . Shank portion  28  is of a diameter having a dimension at least as large as, and preferably larger than the maximum width of coupling element/nut  30  (which is the next widest part of the connector), thus creating the connector&#39;s maximum width dimension at the interface of connector  12  and bulkhead  13 . 
         [0061]    The interior surface  20  of cover  10  includes a first region  32  that is of an essentially constant cross-sectional diameter and extends from cable end  14  to a first shoulder  34  from which it then tapers uniformly (although a stepped shoulder could apply equally) increasing the interior diameter to a second (medial) region  36  of interior surface  20  where it again remains essentially constant for a predetermined length. Second region  36  tapers outwardly (although it could be stepped instead of tapered) at a second shoulder  38  to a third region  40  that extends at a uniform cross-sectional diameter for the remainder of the cover&#39;s length until terminating at bulkhead end  16 . These distinct regions of respective cross-sectional diameters securely envelop connector  12  and form seals at multiple points along the connector as will be described hereinafter. 
         [0062]    To use cover  10 , the cover would first be fully slid (cable end  14  first) over a cable  41  that is to be terminated in connector  12 , leaving the terminal end of cable  41  exposed. As the cover is designed to have an interference fit with cable  41 , it may be useful to apply a small amount of grease to the outside of the cable jacket to assist in pulling the cover over the cable. Cable  41  may then be terminated and attached to connector  12  in a conventional manner. Cover  10  would then be manually slid over connector  12  until its bulkhead end  16  preferably abuts, but at least overlapping with bulkhead  13 . When cover  10  is fully positioned over connector  12 , first region  32  tightly enwraps cable  41  with shoulder  34  positioned adjacent the terminating end of connector  12 , thereby forming a seal between cable  41  and cover  10 . If moisture does infiltrate the seal formed between cable  41  and cover  10  (due, for instance, to scratches or other removal of material that often occurs with the cable&#39;s jacket), the grooves  24  in first region  32  function as small reservoirs. Medial region  36  extends in tightly covering relation to the majority of connector  12 , including its coupling element/nut  42  (although illustrated as a nut, various types of coupling elements are conventionally used on cable connectors of the type herein described) and the interface ring  44  that interfaces connector  12  with bulkhead  13 , with a seal being formed at the junction of the interface ring  44  and medial region  36 . Shoulder  38  tapers outwardly (Although it could be stepped instead of tapered) to accommodate shank portion  28  with third region  40  adapted to cover the shank portion  28  until the corner terminates in abutting relation to bulkhead  13 , with seals being formed between shank portion  28  and cover  10  and between bulkhead  13  and cover  10 . 
         [0063]    With reference to  FIGS. 4-7 , an embodiment of a second cover  100  is provided. Cover  100 , like cover  10 , is adapted for placement in secure and sealed covering relation over a connector  102  (such as a series 4 connector, manufactured and sold by John Mezzalingua, Associates, Inc.) that is for use with a smaller cable (e.g., ½″) than is connector  12 . However, cover  100 , like cover  10 , is adapted to envelop a connector that terminates in a bulkhead  104 . Connector  102  comprises a connector portion  106 , a coupling element/nut  108  (although illustrated as a nut, various types of coupling elements are conventionally used on cable connectors of the type herein described), and interface ring  109  and an enlarged shank portion  110  (that, like shank portion  26 , may be integral with or a separate, preferably rubber, element; if integral, a rubber gasket would preferably be placed at the interface of the shank portion and connector), and bulkhead  104 . 
         [0064]    Connector  100  comprises cable and bulkhead ends  103 ,  105 , respectively, exterior and interior surfaces  107 ,  112 , respectively, and a series of grooves  114  formed in longitudinally spaced relation to one another in interior surface  112  proximate, cable end  106 . Grooves  114  serve as reservoirs in the event of moisture migration through cable end  106  to assist in preventing the moisture from leaching into connector  102 . 
         [0065]    The interior surface  112  of cover  100  includes a first region  116  of an essentially constant diameter that extends from cable end  106  to a first shoulder  115  from which it steps outwardly to an increased cross-sectional diameter that extends essentially uniformly in a second or medial region  118 . Notably, the portion of connector  102  that second region  118  is adapted to cover comprises different diameter rings  120   a  and  120   b  with  120   a  being of slightly smaller diameter than  120   b.  The diameter of second region  118  approximates that of rings  120   a  and the pliable nature of cover  100  permits the material to deform to accommodate the relevant portion of connector  102  and consequently securely envelop the larger diameter rings  120   b,  creating tight seals at the transitions between rings  120   a  and  120   b.  Medial region  118  next steps outwardly at a shoulder  122  to a third (also medial) region  124  that is adapted to be positioned in covering relation over nut  108  and interface ring  109 . Third region  124  then steps outwardly at shoulder  126  to a fourth region  128  that is adapted to envelop shank portion  110  and terminate at bulkhead  104 . 
         [0066]    Unlike the wings  22  of cover  10 , cover  100  includes a ring  130  that extends around exterior surface  107  in a plane that is essentially transverse to the longitudinal axis Y-Y of cover  100  and is positioned at about the midpoint along the length of cover  100 . Ring  130  serves principally as a drip edge to direct any rain water or other moisture away from the interfaces between the cover and the connector/cable. Ring  130  could also serve to provide a gripping surface for a tool used to remove cover  100  from connector  102 . 
         [0067]    The manner of using cover  100  is the same as that for cover  10 ; namely sliding cover  100  (cable end first) entirely over a cable  132 , and then terminating the cable in connector  102  in a conventional manner. Cover  100  is then slid downwardly in enveloping relation to connector  102  until its distal end  108  preferably abuts, but at least overlaps with bulkhead  104 . When cover  100  is fully positioned over connector  102 , first region  116  tightly enwraps cable  132  with shoulder  115  positioned adjacent the terminating end of connector  102 , thereby forming a seal between cable  132  and cover  100 . If moisture does infiltrate the seal formed between cable  132  and cover  100 , the grooves  114  function as small reservoirs. Second region  118  extends in tightly covering relation to the majority of connector  102  that extend outwardly from nut  108 , with shoulder  120  positioned in sealed relation to nut  108 . Third region  124  then extends in sealed relation to nut  108  and interface ring  109 , and shoulder  126  tapers (or steps) outwardly such that fourth region  128  can accommodate and extend in sealed relation to shank portion  110  until it terminates in abutting relation to bulkhead  104 , with seals being formed between shank portion  110  and cover  100  and between bulkhead  104  and cover  100 . 
         [0068]    While covers  10  and  100  are both adapted to be placed in covering relation to connectors that terminate in a bulkhead, with reference to  FIGS. 8 to 14  there is seen a system for covering a pair of connectors that are used to splice together two differently sized cables.  FIGS. 8-10  illustrate a system  200  of using covers  10  and  100  (that will be designated  10 ′ and  100 ′ for purposes of differentiating the bulkhead embodiments from the splice embodiment) to splice cables that terminate in connectors  12 ′ and  102 ′ (again, the connectors  12 ′ and  102 ′ are structurally the same as connectors  12  and  102  with the difference being the lack of a bulkhead for terminating the connectors since the connectors are joined together). The structures of covers  10 ′ and  100 ′ are the same as described above for covers  10  and  100 , but with a different method of use and resultant arrangement. 
         [0069]    System  200  comprises cover  10 ′ adapted to cover connector  12 ′ and cover  100 ′ that is adapted to cover connector  102 ′. In use, cover  10 ′ is first slide entirely over cable  41 ′ which may then be terminated to connector  12 ′ in a conventional manner, and likewise, cover  100 ′ may be slid over cable  132 ′ which may then be terminated to connector  102 ′. Next, connectors  12 ′ and  102 ′ are interconnected by applying an appropriate amount of torque to secure the interconnection, with a gasket  202  optionally being positioned between the two to enhance the sealing at the interface of the connectors. Cover  100 ′ may then be slid downwardly into enveloping relation to connector  102 ′. Finally, cover  10 ′ may be slide over connector  12 ′ with fourth region  128 ′ and at lest a portion of third region  124 ′ of cover  100 ′ being telescopically engaged within third region  40 ′. In addition to the seals created by covers  10 ′ and  100 ′ as previously described, an additional seal is created at the interface of end  105 ′ and cover  100 ′. 
         [0070]    System  300 , illustrated in  FIGS. 11-14 , comprises a cover  400  that is adapted to cover a connector  402  (such as a series 7 connector manufactured by John Mezzalingua Associates, Inc.) in which a cable  404  (e.g., a 1⅝″ cable) may be terminated, and cover  100 ′ that provides, as previously described, cover for connector  102 ′ that in this embodiment is adapted to be spliced to connector  402 . With regard to cover  400 , it comprises cable and splice ends  405 ,  406 , respectively, and interior and exterior surfaces  408 ,  410 , respectively. A series of grooves  412  are formed in interior surface  408  in parallel spaced relation to one another in the first region  413  of cover  400  that extends from cable end  408  to a first shoulder  414 . Grooves  412 , like the other grooves described herein, serve as reservoirs for any moisture that migrate into cover  400  at its interface with cable  404 . 
         [0071]    While cover  10  includes axial symmetric wings  22 , cover  400  includes two sets of axially symmetric positioned wings  416  and  418  that provide gripping surfaces for a tool to assist in pulling cover  400  off connector  402  or pull it into covering relation to connector  402 . The extra set of wings is provided due to the larger size cable  404  and connector  402  that cover  400  is adapted to seal as compared to those associated with cover  10 , but also permits this cover to be installed in either orientation (as it is symmetrical about its transverse mid-plane). Interior surface  408  of cover  400  comprises three distinct regions: first region  413 , (second) region  420  that extends from shoulder  414  to a second shoulder  422 , and a third region  424  that extends between shoulder  422  and splice end  406 . Shoulder  414  tapers outwardly from first region  413  to second region  420  which then extends with an essentially constant cross-sectional diameter, and shoulder  422  then tapers back inwardly where third region  424  then continues with an essentially constant cross-sectional diameter. The tapering of shoulders assists in the removal and installation of cover  400  (by providing a draft), but it is conceivable that the shoulders be stepped instead of tapered. 
         [0072]    In use, cover  400  is slid fully over cable  404 , while cover  100 ′ is slid over cable  132 ′. Cover  100 ′ may then be slid over connector  102  in the manner previously described, and cover  400  may be slid over connector  402  such that first region  413  envelops cable  404 , second region  420  is positioned in covering relation to connector  420  and third region  424  engulfs (or telescopically engages with) the exterior surface of the lower portion of cover  100 ′ with splice end  406  abutting or nearly abutting ring  130 ′. 
         [0073]    In another embodiment of the cable cover, the cover comprises two or more distinct exterior regions.  FIG. 15  depicts a cover  10  adapted to be placed in secure and sealing relation over a connector  12  (such as a 5-series connector manufactured by John Mezzalingua Associates, Inc. of East Syracuse, N.Y. that is adapted to terminate a ⅞″ cable). Similar to other embodiments, connector  12  terminates on a bulkhead  13 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 15 , cover  10  comprises: an elongated body composed of a rubber material that exhibits a low modulus of elasticity over an extended temperature range, preferably a silicone rubber, that extends along a longitudinal axis X-X; a cable end  14 ; bulkhead end  16 ; exterior surface  18 ; interior surface  20 ; and an annular groove  222  of reduced diameter (when compared to the other sections of cover  10  as defined below) formed at a medial position in exterior surface  18 . The rubber composition of the cover  10  permits it to elastically deform to the connector and other elements that it covers (e.g., the bulkhead), as will be described in greater detail hereinafter, when being installed or removed. In addition, the reduced diameter of medial section  222  provides a suitable gripping area for a gripping tool or fingers when installing cover  10  on a connecter  12 . 
         [0074]    Cover  10  further comprises a cable end region  224  positioned on the cable receiving side of groove  222 , and a bulkhead end region  226  positioned on the bulkhead side of groove  222 . The cable end region  224  includes a plurality of strain relief grooves  228  formed therein with each groove  228  extending less than entirely around the circumference of exterior surface  18 , although it should be noted that a single strain relief may be suitable in a particular application and the groove could extend entirely around the circumference. In one embodiment, two of the grooves are disconnected from one another by a gap between their ends, and are formed around the circumference of exterior surface in a common plane that extends transverse to the longitudinal axis X-X. In one embodiment, cable end region  224  is provided with a plurality of strain relief grooves  228  formed in co-planar pairs around exterior surface  18  and with each pairing extending in laterally spaced, parallel planes to one another. 
         [0075]    Grooves  228  serve several purposes. Due to the interference type fit of cover  10  over connecter  12 , the material removal required to form grooves  228  facilitates easier stretching of the cover over the connector due to less surface contact, and hence friction, during the covering process. Grooves  228  further permit cover  10  to bend in the areas of grooves  228 , thereby providing strain relief when the cable (not shown) is bent. 
         [0076]    Bulkhead end region  226  comprises a series of grooves  230  formed entirely circumferentially around exterior surface  18  in spaced, parallel relation to one another. In this embodiment of the present invention, grooves  230  provide reservoirs in which liquid may collect. In one embodiment, grooves  230  provide pressure points to engage or otherwise frictionally interact with grooves on the inner surface of another cover, as will be described in greater detail hereinafter. 
         [0077]    As shown in  FIG. 15 , connector  12  extends outwardly from bulkhead  13  along axis X-X. Bulkhead  13  includes a shank portion  232  that is either integral therewith or comprised of a separate element preferably composed of rubber. If shank portion  232  is integral with bulkhead  13 , a rubber gasket (not shown) is preferably placed in sealing relation at the interface of shank portion  232  and the neck of bulkhead  13 . Shank portion  232  is of a diameter having a dimension at least as large as, and preferably larger than the maximum width of coupling element/nut  52  (which is the next widest part of the connector), thus creating the connector&#39;s maximum width dimension at the interface of connector  12  and bulkhead  13 . 
         [0078]      FIG. 16  depicts cover  10  fully assembled onto connector  12 . In the assembled configuration, bulkhead end  16  of cover  10  is in reversible communication with bulkhead  13  to provide environmental protection. 
         [0079]    Cover  10  (and all embodiments of the cover) is preferably pre-lubricated with a dry lubricant on its inside surface to ease the installation. Impregnating the rubber material composing the covers at the time of manufacture with an oil/grease composition is also effective in reducing the force required to install a cover over a connector. 
         [0080]    Referring now to  FIG. 17 , the interior surface  240  of cover  10  includes a first region  242  that is of a serrated cross-section (and thus of continuously fluctuating diameter) and extends from cable end  14  to a first shoulder  234  from which it steps outwardly to a second region  244  of increased, essentially constant cross-sectional diameter. From this second region  244 , the interior transitions outwardly via a step to the medial region&#39;s  222  interior diameter  246  where it remains essentially constant until shoulder  238  and then steps outwardly once more to a final internal region  248  that corresponds with bulkhead region  226 . Region  248  is of an essentially constant cross-sectional diameter. These distinct regions of respective cross-sectional diameters securely envelop connector  12  and form seals at multiple points along the connector as will be described hereinafter. 
         [0081]    In another embodiment of the invention, the interior surface  240  of cover  10  includes a first region  242  that extends from cable end  14 , as shown in  FIG. 15 , to a first interior shoulder  234 . This first region has a first cross-section diameter. At shoulder  234 , interior surface  240  steps outwardly to a second region  44  having a second, essentially constant cross-sectional diameter. In this embodiment, the second cross-sectional diameter is larger than the first cross-sectional diameter. Looking at  FIG. 15 , the first interior region  242  with the first cross-sectional diameter would fit over region  15  of connector  12 , and the second interior region  244  with the second cross-sectional diameter would fit over the coupling element/nut  52 . These distinct regions of respective cross-sectional diameters securely envelop connector  12  and form seals at multiple points along the connector. 
         [0082]    To use cover  10 , the cover would first be fully slid (cable end  14  first) over a cable (not shown) that is to be terminated in connector  12 , leaving the terminal end of the cable exposed. As the cover  10  is designed to have an interference fit with the cable, it may be useful to apply a small amount of grease to the outside of the cable jacket to assist in pulling the cover over the cable (although the preferred pre-lubricated rubber composition of cover may make such step unnecessary). The cable may then be terminated and attached to connector  12  in a conventional manner. Cover  10  would then be manually slid over connector  12  until its bulkhead end  16  preferably abuts, but at least overlaps with bulkhead  13 . When cover  10  is fully positioned over connector  12 , first region  224  of cover  10  tightly enwraps the cable with shoulder  234  positioned adjacent the terminating end of connector  12 , thereby forming a seal between the cable and cover  10 . If moisture does infiltrate the seal formed between the cable and cover  10  (due, for instance, to scratches or other removal of material that often occurs with the cable&#39;s jacket), the grooves in first region  224  function as small reservoirs. Medial region  222  extends in tightly covering relation to the majority of connector  12 , including its coupling element/nut  52  (although illustrated as a nut, various types of coupling elements are conventionally used on cable connectors of the type herein described) and the interface ring  244  that interfaces connector  12  with bulkhead  13 , with a seal being formed at the junction of the interface ring  244  and medial region&#39;s  222  interior diameter  246 . Shoulder  238  of cover  10  tapers outwardly (although it could be stepped instead of tapered) to accommodate shank portion  232 , with internal region  248  adapted to cover the shank portion  232 , with seals being formed between shank portion  228  and cover  10 . 
         [0083]    While cover  10  is adapted to be placed in covering relation to connectors that terminate in a bulkhead, with reference to  FIGS. 17-19  there is seen a system for covering a pair of connectors that are used to splice together two differently sized cables.  FIGS. 17-19  illustrate a system  60  of using covers  10  (which will be designated  500  for purposes of differentiating the bulkhead embodiments from the splice embodiment) and  510  to splice cables that terminate in connectors  12 ″ and  220 . The structures of covers  500  and  510  can be the same as described above for cover  10 , but with a different method of use and resultant arrangement. 
         [0084]      FIG. 17  depicts covers  500  and  510  in a fully assembled configuration in system  60 . In this configuration, the smaller cover  500  protects a smaller connector  12 ″ (such as 4-series connector manufactured by John Mezzalingua Associates, Inc. of East Syracuse, N.Y. that is adapted to terminate a ½″ cable) while the larger cover  510  protects a larger connector  220  (such as 5-series connector manufactured by John Mezzalingua Associates, Inc. of East Syracuse, N.Y. that is adapted to terminate a ⅞″ cable). To position covers  500  and  510  into the assembled configuration, cover  500  is first slid over connector  12  as described above. Cover  510  is then slid over connector  220 . To form a protective seal the internal region  258  of second cover  510 , which is optionally of a serrated cross-section (and thus of continuously fluctuating diameter) as shown in  FIG. 18 , is slid over external region  226  of cover  500 . In addition to forming a protective seal, the interference fit between region  258  of second cover  510  and grooves of region  226  in cover  500  inhibits removal of either cover without the application of force specifically directed toward disassembling the assembly. 
         [0085]    Covers  10 ,  10 ′,  100 ′,  400 ,  500 , or  510  can be adapted to various configurations in order to protect the cable connector. Typically, the configuration of the cover will depend on the shape, size, or other physical characteristics of the connector. For example, in  FIG. 17  internal surface  20  of second cover  510  is wider than internal surface  20  of cover  500  in order to encompass a larger connector or cable. In yet another embodiment shown in  FIG. 18 , region  224  of cover  510  is elongated to cover an elongated connector. In other embodiments, the cover can be as elongated as is necessary to protect the connector.  FIG. 19  shows an assembled configuration in which internal region  258  of second cover  510  does not completely cover external region  226  of cover  500  due to the physical characteristics of the depicted cable connectors. The thickness of material between the external surface of the cover and the internal surfaces such as  242 ,  246 , and  248  can also independently vary between very thin and very thick depending upon design requirements or the needs of the user. 
         [0086]      FIG. 19  also depicts another important aspect of the present invention. As the interior of cover  500  transitions from region  246  to region  248 , the cover can optionally include an annular ridge  227  that is of a similar or smaller diameter than internal region  246 . During assembly, ridge  227  essentially snaps over the connector, creating yet another tight seal to further protect the cable connectors from prevent moisture and other environmental factors while inhibiting the removal of the cover without the application of force specifically directed toward disassembling the assembly. 
         [0087]      FIG. 20  depicts another embodiment of the system for covering a pair of connectors that are used to splice together two differently sized cables. In this system  62 , covers  10  and  100  (which are designated  600  and  610 , respectively for purposes of differentiating the bulkhead embodiments from both the splice embodiment and previous system  60 ) splice cables that terminate in connectors  12 ″ and  220 ′ (connectors  12 ″ and  120 ′ can be structurally the same as or similar to connectors  12 ,  12 ′, and  220  with the difference being the lack of a bulkhead for terminating the connectors since the connectors are joined together). The structures of cover  600  are the same as described above for other covers, but with a different method of use and resultant arrangement. 
         [0088]    In contrast, the structure of cover  610  is different from the structure of the previous covers. Cover  610  is adapted to be placed in secure and sealing relation over a connector (such as a 6-series connector manufactured by John Mezzalingua Associates, Inc. of East Syracuse, N.Y. that is adapted to terminate a 1 &amp; ¼″ cable) or another cover. In the embodiment of  FIG. 20 , cover  610  comprises: an elongated body composed of a rubber material that exhibits a low modulus of elasticity over an extended temperature range, preferably a silicone rubber that extends along a longitudinal axis X-X; a cable end  264 ; interior surface  266 ; and a cable connector end  268 . The interior surface  266  of cable end  264  of cover  610  includes a first region  270  that is a serrated cross-section (and thus of continuously fluctuating diameter) and extends from cable end  264  to a first shoulder  280  from which the interior surface steps outwardly to a second region  290  of increased, essentially constant cross-sectional diameter. From this second region  290 , the interior transitions inwardly to shoulder  330 , thence outwardly to a final region  340 . The interior surface of region  340  is of an essentially constant cross-sectional diameter. These distinct regions of respective cross-sectional diameters securely envelop both connector  220 ′ and cover  600  to form seals at multiple points as will be described hereinafter. 
         [0089]      FIG. 20  depicts covers  600  and  610  in a fully assembled configuration in system  62 . In this configuration, the smaller cover  600  protects a smaller connector  12 ″ (such as 4-series connector manufactured by John Mezzalingua Associates, Inc. of East Syracuse, N.Y. that is adapted to terminate a ½″ cable) while the larger cover  610  protects a larger connector  220 ′ (such as 6-series connector manufactured by John Mezzalingua Associates, Inc. of East Syracuse, N.Y. that is adapted to terminate a 1 &amp; ¼″ cable). To position covers  600  and  610  into the assembled configuration, cover  600  is first slid over connector  12 ″ as described above. Cover  610  is then slid over connector  220 ′. To form a protective seal region  340  of second cover  610  is slid over the connector region of cover  600 . In addition to forming a protective seal, the interference fit between the interior surface of cover  610  and the grooves of the connector region of cover  600  inhibits removal of either cover without the application of force specifically directed toward disassembling the assembly. Furthermore, having the plurality of grooves provides redundancy in terms of inhibiting moisture migration; if one of the peaks forming grooves is sliced or otherwise compromised, moisture may infiltrate and reside in the valley of that groove (i.e., each valley provides a successive reservoir for moisture containment). 
         [0090]      FIG. 20  also depicts an adaptor  350  used in conjunction with the cable covers to further protect the cable connectors from prevent moisture and other environmental factors. Specifically, adaptor  350  is used to fill the space left by two covers of non-interfering dimensions. For example, in  FIG. 20 , the interior diameter of the connector end of cover  610  is greater than the outer diameter of the connector end of cover  600 , thereby creating a gap that would allow moisture to directly access the cable connectors. Adaptor  350  is used to fill that gap. As shown more clearly in  FIGS. 21A and 21B , adaptor  350  comprises: an elongated body composed of a hard plastic material (e.g., glass filled nylon), although other materials, including metal, could be used, that has a higher modulus of elasticity than the elastomeric rubber material of the covers and that extends along a longitudinal axis X-X; a first end  370 ; and a second end  360 . The exterior surface of the adaptor defines a region  300  which extends from first end  370  to a first shoulder  380 . Region  300  is of serrated cross-section (and thus of continuously fluctuating diameter). In one embodiment of the adaptor, the diameter of the exterior surface gradually decreases from a maximum diameter at shoulder  380  to a minimum diameter at second end  360 , although many other designs are possible. 
         [0091]    To position the covers and adaptor  350  into the assembled configuration shown in  FIG. 20 , cover  600  is first slid over connector  12 ″ as described above. The adaptor is then fully slid over cover  600 , with second end  360  of the adaptor sliding over the connector end of cover  600  (although the adaptor could alternatively be slid onto the cable end of cover  600 , with first end  370  of the adaptor sliding onto the cover first). In this configuration, the interference fit between the interior surface of adaptor  350  and the grooves of the connector region of cover  600  inhibits removal of the adaptor without the application of force specifically directed toward disassembling the assembly (the differing material compositions of adapter  350  and any of the covers does facilitate movement with slightly less force than would be required if the adapter was also composed of the same elastomeric material as the covers). Cover  610  is then slid over connector  220 ′. To form a protective seal, region  340  of second cover  610  is slid over the region  300  of adaptor  350 . In addition to forming a protective seal, the interference fit between the interior surface of cover  610  and the serrated exterior surface of region  300  of the adaptor inhibits removal of either cover without the application of force specifically directed toward disassembling the assembly. 
         [0092]      FIGS. 21C and 23  show another embodiment of adaptor  350  (hereinafter referred to as  350 ′). In this embodiment, adaptor  350 ′ comprises: an elongated body composed of a hard plastic material that extends along a longitudinal axis X-X; a first end  370 ; and a second end  360 . The exterior surface of the adaptor includes a first region  300  that extends from first end  370  to a first shoulder  380 , and which is of a serrated cross-section (and thus of continuously fluctuating diameter). In one embodiment of adaptor  350 ′, the diameter of the exterior surface gradually decreases from a maximum diameter at shoulder  380  to a minimum diameter at second end  360 . The first end  370  of adaptor  350 ′, however, is structurally different from that of the previous embodiment of the adaptor. The elongated body of adaptor  350 ′ defines a cavity  352  that begins at shoulder  380  and terminates at first end  370 . At shoulder  380 , the elongated body of the adaptor bifurcates into a larger outer circumferential flexible body  354  and a smaller inner circumferential flexible body  356 , which are separated by cavity  352 . Additionally, the distance between outer body  354  and inner body  356  (and thus the size of cavity  352 ) increases gradually from a minimum first distance at shoulder  380  to a maximum distance at first end  370 . 
         [0093]    In use, adaptor  350 ′ in  FIGS. 21C and 23  serves to fill the space left by two covers of non-interfering dimensions, as described above. The bifurcated structure and cavity of adaptor  350 ′ allows the adaptor to fill a wider variety of gaps using a wider variety of covers. For instance, while some covers will completely encompass the outer serrated surface of adaptor  350 ′ (see, e.g.  FIG. 23 ), other covers will only partially encompass the outer serrated surface of the adaptor (see, e.g.  FIG. 24 ), typically as a result of the underlying cable connectors. Adaptor  350 ′ allows the serrated outer surface to adapt to both configurations. Additionally, if the inner circumference of the connector end of cover  610  is smaller than the outer circumference of adaptor  610 , the cavity of the adaptor can be compressed during assembly to allow cover  610  to slide over the adaptor. Adaptor  350 ′ is positioned into the assembled configuration depicted in  FIG. 23  as described above. 
         [0094]      FIG. 26  depicts yet another embodiment of cover  10  adapted to be placed in secure and sealing relation over a connector  12 . In this embodiment, cover  10  (hereinafter designated cover  700  to differentiate it from previous embodiments) comprises: an elongated body composed of a flexible material that exhibits a low modulus of elasticity over an extended temperature range, preferably a rubber material, a cable end  14 , connector end  16 , exterior surface  18 , and an interior surface  20 . 
         [0095]    Unlike all previous embodiments in which the cover extends along a longitudinal axis (see, for example, the longitudinal X-X axis in  FIG. 1 ), cover  700  can be designed to cover angled connectors, as shown in  FIG. 26 . Although the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 26  covers hardware positioned such that the axis of cable end  14  and the axis of connector end  16  of cover  700  are at or near a 90° angle respective to one another, it should be noted that any angle greater than or less than a straight 180° angle (as shown in  FIG. 25 , for example) is possible. Cover  700  can either be designed to be flexible such that it covers all possible angles, or it can be produced to cover hardware of specific or approximate angles. 
         [0096]    In one embodiment, cover  700  further comprises an annular groove  222  of reduced diameter (when compared to the other sections of cover  10  as defined below) formed at a medial position in exterior surface  18 . The rubber composition of the cover  10  permits it to elastically deform to the connector and other elements that it covers (e.g., the bulkhead), as will be described in greater detail hereinafter, when being installed or removed. In addition, the reduced diameter of medial section  222  provides a suitable gripping area for a gripping tool or fingers when installing cover  10  on a connector  12 . 
         [0097]    Cover  700  can further comprise a series of longitudinally and sequentially spaced grooves  24  which are formed in interior surface  20 , proximate cable end  14 , and extend over a predetermined distance. Notably, grooves  24  are not threads as they are not a continuous helix, but rather spaced apart, parallel grooves that function as small reservoirs for any moisture that may infiltrate the open cable end  14  of cover  700 . In the field, scratches or other material removal occurs in the jacket of a cable, and moisture may sometimes infiltrate through those scratches and into the seal. Grooves  24  (and the grooves in the other disclosed embodiments) are intended to minimize the effects of any such moisture migration. 
         [0098]    Cover  700  can further comprise a plurality of longitudinally spaced strain relief grooves  228  that are formed in exterior surface  18 , proximate cable end  14 , and extend over a predetermined distance. Each groove  228  extends less than entirely around the circumference of exterior surface  18 , although it should be noted that a single strain relief may be suitable in a particular application and the groove could extend entirely around the circumference. In one embodiment, two of the grooves are disconnected from one another by a gap between their ends, and are formed around the circumference of exterior surface in a common plane that extends transverse to a longitudinal axis of the cable end of cover  700 . In one embodiment, the strain relief grooves are formed in co-planar pairs around exterior surface  18  and with each pairing extending in laterally spaced, parallel planes to one another. 
         [0099]    Cover  700  can also comprise a series of grooves  230  formed entirely circumferentially around exterior surface  18  in spaced, parallel relation to one another. In this embodiment of the present invention, grooves  230  provide reservoirs in which liquid may collect. In one embodiment, grooves  230  provide pressure points to engage or otherwise frictionally interact with grooves on the inner surface of another cover. 
         [0100]      FIG. 27  depicts another embodiment of cover  700  adapted to be placed in secure and sealing relation over a connector. In this embodiment, cover  700  (hereinafter designated cover  700 ′ to differentiate it from the previous embodiment) comprises: an elongated body composed of a flexible material that exhibits a low modulus of elasticity over an extended temperature range, preferably a rubber material, a cable end  14 , connector end  16 , exterior surface  18 , and an interior surface  20 . 
         [0101]    Unlike previous embodiments in which the cover extends along a longitudinal axis after installation (see, for example, the longitudinal X-X axis in  FIG. 1 ), cover  700 ′ is designed to cover an angled connector, such as the angled connector  12  shown in  FIG. 28 . Cover  700 ′ includes a flexible region denoted generally as region  710 . Region  710  region comprises a series of circumferential accordion-like folds  720  that, prior to installation over a connector, are transverse to the longitudinal X-X axis and provide maximum flexibility to the cover. Each of folds  720  can be compressed inward such that the body of the cover decreases in length, or can be expanded outward such that the body of the cover increases in length. Additionally, each of the circumferential accordion-like folds can be manipulated by the user/installer such that one region of a single fold is compressed while another region of the same fold is expanded. To further facilitate the increased flexibility, the thickness of the walls of cover  700 ′ at region  710  can be reduced compared to other regions of the cover. 
         [0102]    Due to the flexibility of region  710 , the cover is capable of bending in a number of different directions, with each of the accordion-like folds expanding and/or compressing depending on the particular angle of the connector.  FIG. 28 , for example, shows cover  700 ′ after installation over a connector  12 . Although  FIG. 28  depicts cover  700 ′ adapted to cover a connector with a specific predetermined angle, it should be noted that cover  700 ′ can be designed to be sufficiently flexible to cover a connector or other component having any specific predetermined angle. 
         [0103]    Similar to the previous embodiment, cover  700 ′ can further comprise an annular groove  222  of reduced diameter (when compared to the other outer regions of the cover) formed at a medial position in exterior surface  18 . The reduced diameter of medial section  222  provides a suitable gripping area for a gripping tool or fingers when installing the cover on a connecter or other component. 
         [0104]    Cover  700 ′ can further comprise a series of longitudinally and sequentially spaced grooves  24  which are formed in interior surface  20 , proximate cable end  14 , and extend over a predetermined distance. Notably, grooves  24  are not threads as they are not a continuous helix, but rather spaced apart, parallel grooves that function as small reservoirs for any moisture that may infiltrate the open cable end  14  of cover  700 ′. In the field, scratches or other material removal occurs in the jacket of a cable, and moisture may sometimes infiltrate through those scratches and into the seal. Grooves  24  (and the grooves in the other disclosed embodiments) are intended to minimize the effects of any such moisture migration. 
         [0105]    Cover  700 ′ can further comprise a plurality of longitudinally spaced strain relief grooves  228  that are formed in exterior surface  18 , proximate cable end  14 , and extend over a predetermined distance. Each groove  228  extends less than entirely around the circumference of exterior surface  18 , although it should be noted that a single strain relief may be suitable in a particular application and the groove could extend entirely around the circumference. In one embodiment, two of the grooves are disconnected from one another by a gap between their ends, and are formed around the circumference of exterior surface in a common plane that extends transverse to a longitudinal axis of the cable end of cover  700 ′. In one embodiment, the strain relief grooves are formed in co-planar pairs around exterior surface  18  and with each pairing extending in laterally spaced, parallel planes to one another. 
         [0106]    Cover  700 ′ can also comprise a series of grooves  230  formed entirely circumferentially around exterior surface  18  in spaced, parallel relation to one another. In this embodiment of the present invention, grooves  230  provide reservoirs in which liquid may collect. In one embodiment, grooves  230  provide pressure points to engage or otherwise frictionally interact with grooves on the inner surface of another cover. 
         [0107]    Although not shown, angled covers  700  and  700 ′ can also be employed in a multi-cover system. According to this system the angled cover and a second cover, which is, for example, one of the embodiments described herein or another cable cover known in the art, both splice cables which terminate at a connector. The angled cover slides over and covers at least a portion of the second cover (or vice versa). In addition to forming a protective seal, the interference fit between the interior surface of the outer cover and the grooves on the exterior surface of the inner cover inhibits removal of either cover without the application of force specifically directed toward disassembling the assembly. Furthermore, having the plurality of grooves in the exterior provides redundancy in terms of inhibiting moisture migration; if one of the peaks forming grooves is sliced or otherwise compromised, moisture may infiltrate and reside in the valley of that groove (i.e., each valley provides a successive reservoir for moisture containment). 
         [0108]      FIG. 29  depicts another embodiment of a cover system  64 . In  FIG. 29 , system  64  uses cover  800  which is adapted to envelop a connector that terminates in a bulkhead  104 . The structure of cover  800  can be the same as or similar to any of the cover embodiments described above. While the structure of cover  800  may be the same as described above, the method of use and resultant arrangement is different. 
         [0109]    In addition to cover  800 , system  64  in  FIG. 29  further comprises a customizable port seal  810  with an elongated body which has a cable end  820  and a connector or bulkhead end  830  (shown, for example, in  FIG. 30 ). The port seal is designed to cover a port or connector (shown, for example, in  FIGS. 1-7 ) that extends from bulkhead  104 . Similar to the covers, port seal  810  protects the underlying hardware from exposure to moisture and other environmental factors. Since ports and connectors can vary in length, it is desirable to have a versatile port seal system which can adapt to various port sizes. Thus, connector or bulkhead end  830  of port seal  810  can be customized to the desired length and then installed onto the port to form a waterproof seal. Removal can be accomplished by a variety of means, including, for example, cutting the port seal to the desired length. 
         [0110]    Thus, the customizable port seal comprises an elongated body that has an initial starting length, and a section near the connector end (see, for example, region  890  in  FIG. 29 ) that is designed to be customizable. At least a portion of section  890  is removable such that the port seal has a post-customization length short than the initial starting length (see, for example, the before and after customization depicted in  FIG. 30 ). 
         [0111]    Customizable port seal  810  can be adapted to different lengths prior to being slid onto the hardware component, or, when used in a system similar to system  64  in  FIG. 29 , the port seal can be adapted to different lengths prior to interacting with cable cover  800 . 
         [0112]    To use cover system  64 , port seal  810  is customized to the proper length and slid entirely over the hardware such as a cable connector. Cover  800  is then slid at least partially over the cable end of port seal  810 , thereby creating a seal and moisture barrier between the interior surface of the connector end of cover  800  and the exterior surface of the cable end of the port seal. Cable end  820  of port seal  810  in  FIG. 30 , for example, comprises a series of longitudinally and sequentially spaced grooves  840  which extend over a predetermined distance. Notably, grooves  840  are not threads as they are not a continuous helix, but rather spaced apart, parallel grooves that function as small reservoirs for any moisture that may infiltrate the open cable end  820  of the port seal. In the field, scratches or other material removal occurs in the jacket of a cable, and moisture may sometimes infiltrate through those scratches and into the seal. Grooves  840  (and the grooves in the other disclosed embodiments) are intended to minimize the effects of any such moisture migration. The port seal in  FIG. 30  further comprises a secondary ring  850  at the cable end which has a smaller diameter than the larger ring comprising grooves  840 . Indeed, the end of the port seal can be designed according to any method or design as is needed or as is known in the art. This embodiment of the customizable port seal  810  is further depicted in  FIG. 31 , which shows an example of port seal of adjusted length. Although both port seals may have been produced to be the same length, port seal  810   b  was adjusted to be a shorter length to cover/seal a shorter connector. In  FIG. 33 , covers have been placed over the variable-length port seals. 
         [0113]      FIGS. 34 and 35  depict another embodiment of port seal  810 . Similar to the previous embodiments, the port seal comprises a series of longitudinally and sequentially spaced grooves  840  which extend over a predetermined distance. Notably, grooves  840  are not threads as they are not a continuous helix, but rather spaced apart, parallel grooves that function as small reservoirs for any moisture that may infiltrate the open cable end  820  of the port seal. In the field, scratches or other material removal occurs in the jacket of a cable, and moisture may sometimes infiltrate through those scratches and into the seal. Grooves  840  (and the grooves in the other disclosed embodiments) are intended to minimize the effects of any such moisture migration. In this embodiment, the port seal comprises a second set of exterior grooves  870  on the opposite end of the seal. The port seal in  FIGS. 34 and 35  also comprises an additional set of grooves  860  on the interior surface of one or both ends of the port seal. These additional grooves create an additional environmental barrier. 
         [0114]    Although several embodiments of the present invention have been specifically described herein, the full scope and spirit of the present invention is not to be limited thereby, but instead extends to the metes and bounds as defined by the appended claims.