Abstract:
An analyzer comprising: a container holder; a liquid dispenser including a pipette, wherein the liquid dispenser performs a dispensing operation toward the container held in the container holder; a detector configured to measure a measurement sample prepared through the dispensing operation; a contact detector configured to detect contact between the container held in the container holder or the container holder and the pipette; and a controller configured to execute a position confirming process comprising: controlling the liquid dispenser to arrange a tip of the pipette in a plurality of positions in a horizontal direction, the plurality of positions being within an opening formed in the container held in the container holder or in the container holder; and determining whether or not the contact between the container held in the container holder or the container holder and the pipette is detected by the contact detector.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-045133 filed on Mar. 2, 2011, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to an analyzer and a position confirming method. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Conventional analyzers are known which analyze samples by using pipettes to aspirate or discharge liquids such as reagents, samples, and mixtures thereof accommodated in containers such as cuvettes transported via transport units incorporating a reagent transport table, cuvette transport table, sample sampler and the like. 
         [0006]    Over long-term use of such a sample analyzer there is gradual dislocation of the stopping position of the pipette due to deterioration of the mechanism (stretching of the drive belt and the like) that drives the reagent dispensing unit in which the pipette is installed. Note that, when the pipette is lowered and contacts the reagent container or the like while in this condition, there is concern that the pipette and the reagent container may be damaged if the lowering operation continues. There are known analyzers which detect contact between the pipette and the reagent container via a sensor, and stop the dispensing operation when such contact has been detected (for example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. H1-221673). 
         [0007]    In such an analyzer, however, it is possible that the dispensing operation may continue after some dislocation of the positional relationship between the pipette and the container as the pipette comes into contact with the container. Therefore, a problem arises insofar as it is unclear that positional dislocation is occurring between the container and the pipette until the pipette comes into contact with an obstacle while measuring a sample and the dispensing operation is suspended. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    The scope of the present invention is defined solely by the appended claims, and is not affected to any degree by the statements within this summary. 
         [0009]    According to a first aspect of the present invention, an analyzer comprising: a container holder for holding a container capable of accommodating a liquid; a liquid dispenser including a pipette, wherein the liquid dispenser performs a dispensing operation comprising: lowering the pipette; and at least one of aspirating the liquid accommodated in the container held in the container holder and discharging a liquid into the container held in the container holder; a detector configured to measure a measurement sample prepared from a specimen through the dispensing operation; a contact detector configured to detect contact between the container held in the container holder or the container holder and the pipette; and a controller configured to execute a position confirming process comprising: controlling the liquid dispenser to arrange a tip of the pipette in a plurality of positions in a horizontal direction, the plurality of positions being within an opening formed in the container held in the container holder or in the container holder; and determining whether or not the contact between the container held in the container holder or the container holder and the pipette is detected by the contact detector. 
         [0010]    According to a second aspect of the present invention, an analyzer comprising: a container transporter for holding a container accommodating a liquid, and transporting the held container; a liquid dispenser including a pipette, wherein the liquid dispenser performs a dispensing operation comprising: lowering the pipette; and at least one of aspirating the liquid accommodated in the container transported by the container transporter and discharging a liquid into the container; a detector configured to measure a measurement sample prepared from a specimen through the dispensing operation; a contact detector configured to detect contact between the container held in the container transporter or the container transporter and the pipette; and a controller configured to execute a position confirming process comprising: controlling the container transporter to position the opening provided in the container or the container transporter at a plurality of stop positions in a horizontal direction and controlling the liquid dispenser to dispose the tip of the pipette within the opening at the respective stop positions; and determining whether there is contact between the container or the container transporter and the pipette via the contact detector. 
         [0011]    According to a third aspect of the present invention, an analyzer comprising: a container holder for holding a container capable of accommodating a liquid; a container transporter including a holder for holding a container, capable of moving the container held in the holder to the container holder, and installing a rod-shaped body used for position detection in a substantially perpendicular condition; a detector configured to measure a measurement sample prepared from a specimen through a liquid accommodated in the container held in the container holder; a contact detector configured to detect contact between the container held in the container holder or the container holder, and the rod-shaped body installed in the container transporter; and a controller configured to execute a position confirming process comprising: controlling the container transporter to dispose the tip of the rod-shaped body in a plurality of positions in a horizontal direction within the opening provided in the container or the container holder; and determining whether or not the contact between the container held in the container holder or the container holder and the rod-shaped body is detected by the contact detector. 
         [0012]    According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a pipette position confirming method in an analyzer having a container holder for holding a container capable of accommodating a liquid and a pipette for aspirating a liquid accommodated in the container held in the container holder and/or discharging liquid into the container, comprising: 
         [0013]    (a) disposing the tip of the pipette at a plurality of positions in a horizontal direction within an opening provided in the container or the container holder; and 
         [0014]    (b) outputting an alert when contact is detected between the container held in the container holder or the container holder and the pipette. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0015]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing the general structure of a sample analyzer as an embodiment of the analyzer of the present invention; 
           [0016]      FIG. 2  is a plan view briefly showing the structure of a measuring device of the sample analyzer in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0017]      FIG. 3  is a side view briefly showing the structure of a first reagent dispensing unit; 
           [0018]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view showing an arm and a contact sensor in the first reagent dispensing unit; 
           [0019]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram showing the structure of the measuring device of the sample analyzer; 
           [0020]      FIG. 6  is a block diagram showing the structure of the controller of the measuring device; 
           [0021]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram showing the structure of the control device; 
           [0022]      FIG. 8  is a flow chart (first half) showing an example of position confirmation; 
           [0023]      FIG. 9  is a flow chart (second half) showing an example of position confirmation; 
           [0024]      FIG. 10  is an illustration of position confirmation; 
           [0025]      FIG. 11  is a perspective view of an example of a cuvette; 
           [0026]      FIG. 12  illustrates position confirmation of another embodiment; 
           [0027]      FIG. 13  is a side view of a cuvette of another embodiment; and 
           [0028]      FIG. 14  is a perspective view of a cuvette of still another embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0029]    The embodiments of the analyzer of the present invention are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       First Embodiment 
       [0030]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view showing the general structure of a sample analyzer  1  of a first embodiment, and  FIG. 2  is a plan view briefly showing the structure of a measuring device of the sample analyzer  1 . 
         [0031]    The sample analyzer  1  is an apparatus for optically measuring and analyzing the degree of activity and amount of specific substances related to blood coagulation and fibrinolytic function. The sample analyzer  1  of the present embodiment optically measures samples using a coagulation time method, synthetic substrate method and immunoturbidimetric assay method. The coagulation time method used in the present embodiment is a measuring method for detecting the amount of change in transmission light in a process of coagulating a sample. Measurement items include PT (prothrombin time), APTT (active partial thromboplastin time), FbG (fibrinogen amount) and the like. Measurement items of the synthetic substrate method include ATIII and the like, and measurement items of the immunoturbidimetric assay method D-dimer, FDP and the like. 
         [0032]    As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the sample analyzer  1  is configured by a measuring device  2 , and a control device  4  which is electrically connected to the measuring device  2 . The measuring device  2  is configured by a measuring unit  5  and a transport unit  6  disposed on the front side of the measuring unit  5 , and the measuring unit  5  is covered by a body  5 A and a cover  5 B. The cover  5 B is mounted on the front left side at the top part of the body  5 A so as to be capable of opening and closing. Opening the cover  5 B exposes the inside of the measuring unit  5 A to the outside. 
       Structure of the Transport Unit 
       [0033]    As shown in  FIG. 2 , in order to supply a sample to the measuring unit  5 , the transport unit  6  has function of transporting a sample rack  14  which holds a plurality of sample containers  13  that contains samples in lateral directions on a transport path  6   a  so as to position the sample containers  13  at predetermined sample aspirating positions  15   a  and  15   b.  The transport unit  6  has, at either end of the transport  6   a,  a rack placement area  6   b  for setting sample rack  14  which hold sample containers  13  containing unprocessed samples, and a rack receiving area  6   c  for receiving sample racks  14  which hold sample containers  13  containing processed samples. The transport unit  6  is provided with a sample barcode reader  16  for reading a barcode adhered to the sample container  13 . 
       Structure of the Measuring Device 
       [0034]    The measuring unit  5  is capable of obtaining optical information related to a supplied sample by performing optical measurements on a sample supplied from the transport unit  6 . In the present embodiment, a sample dispensed from a sample container  13  held in a sample rack  14  of the transport unit  6  into a cuvette of the measuring unit  5  is optically measured. 
         [0035]    The measuring unit  5  includes a first reagent table  21 , second reagent table  22 , cuvette table  23 , heating table  24 , first sample dispensing unit  25 , second sample dispensing unit  26 , first reagent dispensing unit  27 , second reagent dispensing unit  28 , third reagent dispensing unit  29 , first catcher unit  30 , second catcher unit  31 , third catcher unit  32 , reagent barcode reader  33 , cuvette transporter  34 , dilution liquid transporter  35 , pipette washers  36   a  through  36   e,  and detection unit  37 . 
         [0036]    The first reagent table  21 , second reagent table  22 , cuvette table  23 , and heating table  24  are circular tables which are rotated independently in clockwise and counterclockwise directions by their respective stepper motors or the like. The first reagent table  21  is driven by a reagent table drive unit  97 , and the second reagent table  22  is driven by a reagent drive unit  98 . The cuvette table  23  is driven by a cuvette table drive unit  142 . The heating table is driven by a heating table drive unit  143 . 
         [0037]    The first reagent table  21  and the second reagent table  22  are arranged within a reagent storage  40  (reagent cooler), and a first reagent container rack  310  and a second reagent container rack  320  which hold reagent containers accommodating reagents are placed above the first reagent table  1  and second reagent table  22 . 
         [0038]      FIG. 3  is a side view briefly showing the structure of a first reagent dispensing unit  27 . 
         [0039]    The first reagent dispensing unit  27  has an arm  27   b  and a drive unit  141   a  ( 141 ) capable of moving the arm  27   b  in vertical directions and in rotation around a shaft  17   a.  A pipette P is mounted on the tip of the arm  27   b  to aspirate and discharge sample and the like. 
         [0040]    The drive unit  141   a  has a rotation motor  161 , elevator motor  162 , and a transmission unit  163  for transmitting the drive force of the rotation motor  161  and the elevator motor  162  to the shaft  27   a.  The transmission unit  163  is configured by rack and pinion mechanism and belt transmission unit for reducing the rotational force of, for example, the rotation motor  161 , and converting the rotational force of the elevator motor  162  gear devices and belt transmission for transmitting force to the shaft  27   a  to a direct force in vertical directions and transmitting this force to the shaft  27   a.  The rotation motor  161  and the elevator motor  162  ate stepper motors, and the rotational pulse of the motors is detected by encoders (not shown in the drawing). 
         [0041]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view showing an arm  27   b  and a contact sensor in the first reagent dispensing unit  27 .  FIG. 4  shows the arm  27   b  with the interior exposed by removing the top cover  27   c  (indicated by the dashed line). The pipette P is supported by the arm  27   b  so as to be movable in vertical directions, and the downward movement is regulated in a fixed manner. The pipette P is forced downward by a force-exerting member  171  configured by a compression coil spring. The arm  27   b  is provided with a seat  172  which is movable in vertical directions together with the pipette P, and a detection member  173  is mounted on the seat  172 . A circuit board  174  is mounted on the arm  27   b,  and a contact sensor  170  is mounted on the circuit board  174 . 
         [0042]    The contact sensor  170  is a transmission type sensor with a light emitter and a light receiver. The detection member  173  has a light shield  173   a  disposed between the emitter and receiver of the contact sensor  170 . The light shield  173   a  normally blocks the contact sensor  170  to set the contact sensor  170  in the OFF state. When the pipette P is lowered and strongly contacts the inner surface of the container or strikes the edge of the opening of the container, the arm  27   b  lifts the pipette P and cancels the light shield of the contact sensor  170  because the light shield  173   a  is also lifted through the seat  172 . When the contact sensor  170  is turned ON in this way, the contact or striking of pipette P with the container is detected by a controller  501  which controls the operation of the first reagent dispensing unit  25  and the like. 
         [0043]    The first sample dispensing unit  25 , second sample dispensing unit  26 , second reagent dispensing unit  28 , and third reagent dispensing unit  29  have the same structure as the first reagent dispensing unit  27 . That is, the units  25 ,  26 ,  28 , and  29  each have an arm and pipette, and the arm is driven in rotation and elevation by drive units. Sample and reagent are aspirated and discharged using the pipette. The first sample dispensing unit  25  is driven by a drive unit  141   b,  and the second sample dispensing unit is driven by a drive unit  141   c.  The second reagent dispensing unit  28  is driven by a drive unit  141   d,  and the third reagent dispensing unit  29  is driven by a drive unit  141   e.    
         [0044]    The first catcher unit  30  is configured by a support  30   a,  an arm  30   b  which is capable of expanding and contracting while supported by the support  30   a,  and a grip  30   c  provided on the tip of the arm  30   b.  The arm  30   b  is driven in rotation by the drive unit  144   a  which is a stepper motor or the like, and the grip  30   c  holds a cuvette. The second catcher unit  31  has a structure identical to that of the first catcher unit  30 , and is driven by a drive unit  144   b  which is a stepper motor or the like. 
         [0045]    The third catcher unit  32  is configured by a support  32   a,  an arm  32   b  which is capable of expanding and contracting while supported by the support  32   a,  and a grip  32   c  provided on the tip of the arm  32   b.  The support  32   a  is driven by a drive unit  144   c  along a rail  32   d  arranged in a lateral direction. The grip  32   c  is capable of holding a cuvette. 
         [0046]    The reagent barcode reader  33  reads a barcode adhered to the reagent container accommodated in the reagent storage, and adhered on the reagent container racks  310  and  320  which hold the reagent container. The reagent barcode reader  33  is disposed outside the reagent storage  40 , and is capable of reading a barcode within the reagent storage  40  through a slit (not shown in the drawing) which is formed in the reagent storage and is opened and closed via a shutter. 
         [0047]    The cuvette transporter  34  and the diluting liquid transporter  35  are driven laterally on rails  34   a  and  35   a,  respectively. The cuvette transporter  34  and the diluting liquid transporter  35  have receiver holes capable of holding a cuvette and diluting liquid container. 
         [0048]    The measuring unit  5  is provided with a cuvette aperture  49  and disposal apertures  50  and  51 . Normally, a new cuvette is supplied to the cuvette aperture  49 . A new cuvette is placed in the receiver hole of the cuvette transporter  34  and the receiver hole of the cuvette table  23  by the first catcher unit  30  and the second catcher unit  31 . The disposal apertures  50  and  51  are holes for disposing of the cuvette which is no longer needed after analysis is completed. A cuvette disposal unit (not shown in the drawing) for disposing of the discarded cuvettes is provided within the body  5 A of the sample analyzer  1 . 
         [0049]    The pipette washers  36   a  through  36   e  are used to wash the pipettes of the first and second sample dispensing units  25  and  26 , and the first through third reagent dispensing units  27  through  29 , respectively. A hole for the insertion of a pipette in a vertical direction is formed in the pipette washers  36   a  through  36   e,  and the outside surface of the pipettes is washed with a washing liquid supplied through this hole. 
         [0050]    The detection unit  37  has a plurality (20 in the example illustration) receiver holes  37   a  formed in the top surface for accommodating cuvettes, and a detecting unit (not shown in the drawing) is provided on the bottom surface side. When a cuvette is placed in the receiver hole  37   a,  optical information is obtained via the detecting unit relating to the reflected light of the components contained in the measurement sample in the cuvette. 
         [0051]      FIG. 5  is a bock diagram showing the structure of the measuring device of the sample analyzer  1 , and  FIG. 6  is a block diagram showing the structure of the controller of the measuring device. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the controller  501  is electrically connected to and controls the operation of the drive units  97 ,  98 ,  141  through  145  of the first and second reagent tables  21  and  22 , cuvette table  23 , heating table  24 , first and second sample dispensing units  25  and  26 , first through third reagent dispensing units  27  through  29 , first through third catcher units  30  through  32 , cuvette transporter  34 , diluting liquid transporter  35 , pipette washers  36   a  through  36   e,  and detection unit  37 , and the reagent barcode reader  33  and sample barcode reader  16  are also electrically connected to and controlled by the controller  501  of the measuring device  2 . The detection unit  37  is configured to transmit the acquired optical information to the controller  501 . The drive units of the dispensing units include the drive units  141   a,    141   b,    141   c,    141   d,  and  141   e.  The drive units of the catcher units include the drive units  144   a,    144   b,  and  144   c.    
         [0052]    As shown in  FIG. 6 , the controller  501  is mainly configured by a CPU  501   a,  ROM  501   b,  RAM  501   c,  and communication interface  501   d.  The CPU  501   a  executes a computer program stored in the ROM  501   b,  and a computer program read from the RAM  501   c.  The ROM  501   b  stores a computer program executed by the CPU  501   a,  and data used in the execution of the computer program. The RAM  501   c  is used as a work area of the CPU  501   a  when the CPU  501   a  executes the computer program, read from the ROM  501   b.    
         [0053]    The communication interface  501   d  is connected to the control device  4 , and has the functions of transmitting the optical information of a sample to the control device  4 , and receiving signals from the controller  4   a  of the control device  4 . The communication interface  501   d  also has the function of transmitting instructions from the CPU  501   a  to drive each part of the transporting device  6  and the measuring device  5 . 
       Structure of the Control Device 
       [0054]    The control device  4  is a personal computer  401  (PC), and includes a controller  4   a,  display unit  4   b,  and keyboard  4   c  for entering information, as shown in  FIG. 1 . The controller  4   a  has the function of transmitting an operation start signal for the measuring device  5  to the controller  501  of the measuring device  5 , and analyzing the optical information of a sample obtained by the measuring device  5 . The display unit  4   b  is provided to display information relating to interference substances (hemoglobin, milk (lipid), bilirubin) present in a sample, and the analysis results obtained by the controller  4   a.    
         [0055]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram showing the structure of the control device  4 . The controller  4   a  is mainly configured by a CPU  401   a,  ROM  401   b,  RAM  401   c,  hard disk  401   d,  reading device  401   e,  input/output interface  401   f,  communication interface  401   g,  and image output interface  401   h.  The CPU  401   a,  ROM  401   b,  RAM  401   c,  hard disk  401   d,  reading device  401   e,  input/output interface  401   f,  communication interface  401   g,  and image output interface  401   h  are connected by a bus  401   i.    
       Measuring Device Operation Summary 
       [0056]    A summary of the operation of the measuring device  2  is described below. As shown in  FIG. 2 , when a sample rack  14  holding a sample container  13  is placed in the rack placement area  6   b  of the transport device  6 , the sample rack  14  is moved to the back end (top side in the drawing) in the rack placement area  6   b,  then transported leftward on the transport path  6   a.  The barcode adhered to the sample container  13  is read by the barcode reader  16 , then the sample container  13  is positioned at a predetermined sample aspirating position  15   a.  Note that the sample rack  14  is moved to the rack receiving area  6   c  after all samples have been aspirated. 
         [0057]    The first sample dispensing unit  25  aspirates the sample from the sample container  13  positioned at the predetermined sample aspirating position  15   v  by the transport device  6 . The sample aspirated by the first sample dispensing unit  25  is then discharged into a cuvette set in a cuvette receiving hole  55  positioned at the front sample discharging position of the cuvette table  23 . 
         [0058]    The second sample dispensing unit  26  aspirates sample contained in a cuvette placed in the cuvette receiving hole  55  at the front sample aspirating position  19   b  of the cuvette table  23 , or sample in the sample container  13  positioned at the predetermined sample aspirating position  15   b  by the transport device  6 . The sample aspirated by the second sample dispensing unit  26  is discharged into the cuvette placed on the cuvette transporter  34 . Note that the second sample dispensing unit  26  can aspirate diluting liquid placed in the diluting liquid transporter  35 . In this case, the second sample dispensing unit  26  aspirates the sample at the sample aspirating position  15   b  after aspirating the diluting liquid at the diluting liquid aspirating position  20 , that is, before aspirating the sample. 
         [0059]    When the first sample dispensing unit  25  and the second sample dispensing unit  26  complete the dispensing operation, the respective pipettes are inserted into the pipette washers  36   a  and  36   b,  and then washed by washing liquid supplied to these holes. 
         [0060]    When the sample is aspirated from the cuvette, the cuvette transporter  34  is driven rightward on the rail  34   a  with a predetermined timing. Then, the cuvette containing the sample placed in the cuvette transporter  34  by the first catcher unit  30  is placed in the cuvette receiving hole  24   a  of the heating table  24 . 
         [0061]    The second catcher unit  31  grips the cuvette containing the sample placed in the receiver hole  24   a,  and moves the cuvette directly above the pipette washer  36   c.  The first reagent dispensing unit  27  then aspirates the reagent within a predetermined reagent container disposed on the first reagent table  21  or the second reagent table  22 , and discharges the reagent into the cuvette held by the second catcher unit  31 . The second catcher unit  31  mixes the agitates the cuvette containing the discharged reagent, and places the cuvette in the cuvette receiver hole  24   a  of the heating table  24 . 
         [0062]    The cuvette held in the cuvette receiving hole  24   a  of the heating table  24  is gripped by the third catcher unit  32 , and positioned directly above the area of the pipette washer  36   e  or directly above the area of the pipette washer  36   e.  The second reagent dispensing unit  28  and the third reagent dispensing unit  29  then aspirate reagent from a reagent container disposed on the first reagent table  21  or the second reagent table  22 , and discharges the reagent into the cuvette held by the third catcher unit  32 . The third catcher unit  32  places the cuvette containing the discharged reagent into the receiving hole  37   a  of the detection unit  37 . Thereafter, in the detection unit  37 , the optical information is detected from the measurement sample in the cuvette. 
         [0063]    When the dispensing operation ends, the first through third reagent dispensing units  27  through  29  insert the respective pipettes into the holes of the pipette washers  36   c  through  36   e  where they are washed each time different reagent is dispensed. After detection by the detection unit  37  ends, the unneeded cuvette is held by the third catcher unit  32  and discarded in the disposal aperture  50 . The cuvette held in the cuvette receiving hole  55  of the cuvette table  23  is unneeded when the analysis is completed, and is positioned near the second catcher  31  by rotating the cuvette table  23 . The second catcher unit  31  grips the unneeded cuvette held in the cuvette receiving hole  51  and discards the cuvette in the disposal aperture  50 . 
       Confirming Positional Dislocation 
       [0064]    In the sample analyzer  1  of the present embodiment, whether the relative position of the pipette and cuvette container has shifted is confirmed (position confirmation) before measuring a quality control sample, which is performed, for example, once each day before starting an analysis operation. In the present embodiment, position confirmation detection errors (described in steps S 7  and S 12  below) indicate contact detection in which the pipette comes into contact with the inner wall of the cuvette, and the pipette strikes the top surface of the flange  41  of the cuvette. 
         [0065]      FIGS. 8 and 9  are flow charts of the quality control sample measurement which includes an example of this position confirmation (steps S 2  through S 15 ).  FIG. 8  shows the first half and  FIG. 9  shows the second half of the flow chart, with point A being the linking point. Although this example is conveniently described in terms of performing position confirmation of the first reagent dispensing unit  27  and the cuvette table  23 , the present embodiment of the sample analyzer  1  has a plurality of combinations of container transporters for transporting containers and pipettes as shown in Table 1 below, wherein position confirmation is similarly performed to the flow shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . In Table 1, a pipette installed in, for example, the first dispensing unit  27  may aspirate sample in a container disposed in the cuvette table  23 , first reagent table  21 , second reagent table  22 , and heating table  24 , or discharge liquid into these containers. Therefore, it is necessary to perform position confirmation between the pipette installed in the first reagent dispensing unit  27  and the container at a predetermined position (liquid aspirating and discharging positions) of a container transporter, such as the cuvette table  23 . 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Pipette 
                 Container transporter 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 First reagent dispensing unit 27 
                 Cuvette table 23 
               
               
                   
                   
                 First reagent table 21 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Second reagent table 22 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Heating table 24 
               
               
                   
                 Second reagent dispensing unit 28 
                 Cuvette table 23 
               
               
                   
                   
                 First reagent table 21 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Second reagent table 22 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Heating table 24 
               
               
                   
                 Third reagent dispensing unit 29 
                 Cuvette table 23 
               
               
                   
                   
                 First reagent table 21 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Second reagent table 22 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Heating table 24 
               
               
                   
                 First sample dispensing unit 25 
                 Transport device 6 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cuvette table 23 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cuvette transporter 34 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Transport device 6 
               
               
                   
                 Second sample dispensing unit 26 
                 Cuvette table 23 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Cuvette transporter 34 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0066]      FIG. 8  describes the measurement of the quality control sample which includes position confirmation (steps S 2  through S 15 ). A measurement start instruction for the quality control sample can be issued by a user touching the screen of the display unit  4   b  or operating the keyboard  4   c  while displaying on the display unit  4   b  the quality control screen for measuring the quality control sample. In this way the controller  4   a  of the control device  4  transmits a measurement start signal to the controller  501  of the measuring device  2 . After the measuring device  2  is started, in step S 1  the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  determines whether a measurement start instruction for a quality control sample has been received from the control device  4 . When the controller  501  determines that a measurement start instruction has been received (YES), the process advances to step S 2 . 
         [0067]    In step S 2 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  determines whether an empty cuvette (container) to be used for position confirmation is present on the cuvette table  23 . This determination is made, for example, based on a signal from a reflective type sensor disposed at the cuvette receiving hole. The process advances to step S 4  when the controller  501  has determined that an empty cuvette is present in the cuvette table  23  (YES), whereas the process advances to step S 3  when the controller  501  has determined that there is no empty cuvette present in the cuvette table  23 . 
         [0068]    In step S 3 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  actuates the second catcher unit  31  via the drive unit  144   b  to move an empty cuvette supplied from the cuvette aperture  49  to a predetermined position in the cuvette table  23 . 
         [0069]    In step S 4 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  actuates the cuvette table drive unit  142  to move the empty cuvette disposed in the cuvette table  23  to a predetermined stop position, that is, to a dispensing standby position of the pipette installed in the first reagent dispensing unit  27 . In parallel with the movement of the empty cuvette or subsequent to the movement of the empty cuvette, the controller  501  actuates the drive unit  141   a  of the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to move the pipette installed in the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to a predetermined standby position. 
         [0070]    In step S 5 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  actuates the drive unit  141   a  of the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to horizontally move the pipette installed in the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to a first position (point a in  FIG. 10 ) shifted from the center of the cuvette.  FIG. 10  illustrates position confirmation in the present embodiment by schematically showing the track of the pipette and the inner wall of the cuvette. As shown in  FIG. 11 , the cuvette C is a cylindrical body with a bottom and open on one end, with a flange  40  formed on the edge of the open end. A reduced diameter part  41  is formed near the center in the longitudinal direction of the cuvette C, and the cross section (A-A cross section) from the reduced diameter part  41  to the bottom  42  is circular. 
         [0071]    Point a is separated from point  0  a shorter distance than the distance from point  0  at the center of the cuvette to the inner wall of the cuvette. Point a is set based on the distance R from the inner wall of the cuvette and the outer wall (indicated by the dashed line in  FIG. 10 ) of the pipette disposed within the cuvette so that the center matches the center  0  of the cuvette. Specifically, point a is set so that the distance r 1  from point  0  is, for example, 0.7 to 0.8 R. When the distance r 1  is set at 0.8 R, insofar as the positional adjustment of the pipette and cuvette is accurate, the pipette does not contact the inner wall of the cuvette because there is an assured clearance of R-0.8 R=0.2 R between the inner wall of the cuvette and the outer wall of the pipette even when the pipette is inserted in the cuvette at point a which is shifted by a distance 0.8 R from the center point  0  of the cuvette. 
         [0072]    In other words, when the relative position of the pipette and cuvette is shifted more than 0.2 R, the pipette may contact the inner wall of the cuvette as the cuvette descends at point a, or similarly the pipette may strike the top surface of the flange  41  of the cuvette. In sample analyzers using pipettes, an error is undetectable during dispensing when the pipette is inserted into the container even when the descent position of the pipette is somewhat shifted from the center of the container. However, the condition in which the descent position is shifted in this manner is preferably corrected by positional adjustment of the pipette and cuvette by performing early maintenance since the pipette may strike the container without being inserted into the container if the analysis operation is allowed to continue. According to the present embodiment, when the descent position of the pipette is shifted a predetermined distance from the center  0  of the cuvette, the error is detectable because the pipette contacts the cuvette at the descent position at point a or point b (described later). In the present embodiment, damage to the pipette and interruption of the analysis operation due to such damage can be prevented by rapidly detecting a shift in the relative positions of the pipette and cuvette. 
         [0073]    In step S 6 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  actuates the drive unit  141   a  of the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to lower the pipette installed in the first reagent dispensing unit  27 . The rate of descent at this time is a lower speed than during reagent dispensing in the normal analysis operation to prevent damage to the pipette due to striking the cuvette. Specifically, the rate of descent at this time is approximately ¼ to ½ (for example, 320 mm/s) the rate of descent during the reagent dispensing operation. 
         [0074]    When the tip of the descending pipette forcibly contacts the inner wall of the cuvette C or the strikes the flange  40  of the cuvette C, this contact or impact is detected by a contact detector configured by a detection member  173  and contact sensor  173  of the first reagent dispensing unit  27 . 
         [0075]    In step S 7 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  determines whether an error has been detected. When the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  determines that an error has been detected (YES), the process advances to step S 8 , whereas the process advances to step S 9  when the controller  501  determines that no error has been detected (NO). The determination as to whether an error is detected is made based on a signal from the contact detector configured by the detection member  173  and the contact sensor  170 . 
         [0076]    In step S 8 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  transmits an error detection signal to the control device  4 , and after the control device  4  receives the error detection signal, the control device  4  displays a message urging device maintenance on the display unit  4   b.  This message includes the parts requiring maintenance are the first reagent dispensing unit  27  and cuvette table  23 . The user requests maintenance by the service company pursuant to this message. When considering detection of an error resulting from an intentional shifting of the descent position of the pipette from the center, the measurement itself, which is a result of the measurement start instruction for the quality control sample received in step S 1 , will continue since this positional shifting will be within the tolerance range (that is, there will be no contact or impact during descent at the predetermined position unshifted from the center). That is, maintenance is performed after completing the measurement started by the measurement start instruction for a quality control sample received in step S 1 . Note that, if the pipette should happen to contact or strike the cuvette during actual measurement, the movement of the pipette is stopped at that moment based on the detection signal from the contact detection unit. 
         [0077]    The present embodiment detects a shift in the relative positions of the pipette installed in the first reagent dispensing unit  27  and the cuvette disposed in the cuvette table  23  is detected. In this case, the shift in the relative positions arises from an anomaly in the drive units of the first reagent dispensing unit  27  and/or the cuvette table  23 , and the maintenance operation must include inspection of both the first reagent dispensing unit  27  and the cuvette table  23 . 
         [0078]    In step S 9 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  actuates the drive unit of the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to lift the pipette from the descent position. 
         [0079]    In step S 10 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  actuates the drive unit  141  a of the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to horizontally move the pipette installed in the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to a second position (point b in  FIG. 10 ) shifted from the center of the cuvette. Point b is separated from point  0  a shorter distance than the distance from point  0  at the center of the cuvette to the inner wall of the cuvette. Point b is shifted from center of the cuvette in the opposite direction from point a. Point b is set based on the distance R from the inner wall of the cuvette and the outer wall (indicated by the dashed line in  FIG. 10 ) of the pipette disposed within the cuvette so that the center matches the center  0  of the cuvette, similar to point a. Specifically, point b is set so that the distance r 2  from point  0  is, for example, 0.7 to 0.8 R. 
         [0080]    In step S 11 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  actuates the drive unit  141   a  of the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to lower the pipette installed in the first reagent dispensing unit  27 . The rate of descent at this time is a lower speed than during reagent dispensing in the normal analysis operation to prevent damage to the pipette due to striking the cuvette, similar to step S 6 . 
         [0081]    In step S 12 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  determines whether an error has been detected. When the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  determines that an error has been detected (YES), the process advances to step S 13 , whereas the process advances to step S 14  when the controller  501  determines that no error has been detected (NO). The determination as to whether an error is detected is made based on a signal from the contact detector configured by the detection member  173  and the contact sensor  170 . 
         [0082]    In step S 13 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  transmits an error detection signal to the control device  4 , and after the control device  4  receives the error detection signal, the control device  4  displays a message urging device maintenance on the display unit  4   b,  similar to step S 8 . 
         [0083]    In step S 14 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  actuates the drive unit  141  a of the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to lift the pipette from the descent position. 
         [0084]    In step S 15 , the controller  501  of the measuring device  2  actuates the drive unit  141   a  of the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to move the pipette installed in the first reagent dispensing unit  27  to the initial position. 
         [0085]    Note that in the position confirmation shown in  FIGS. 8 and 9  is an example wherein the measurement of the quality control sample is performed after confirming the positions of the first reagent dispensing unit  27  and the cuvette table  23 ; in practice measurement of the quality control sample is performed after confirming the position of any combination shown in Table 1. In this case, position confirmation may be sequentially performed for eighteen combinations, or a plurality of combinations may be performed in parallel. For example, to avoid confirmation redundancy, position confirmation can be performed for the first reagent dispensing unit  27  and the cuvette table  23  in parallel with performing position confirmation for the second sample dispensing unit  26  and the transport device  6 . The time required for position confirmation can thus be reduced by performing position confirmations in parallel. Parallel position confirmation may also be performed for the container moving unit and table which are described later (refer to Table 2). 
       Second Embodiment 
       [0086]    Although the pipette is lowered at a plurality of positions shifted from the center of the container to confirm the positions of the pipette and container in the first embodiment described above, in the second embodiment, the tip of the pipette is moved to a plurality of stop positions of a container, and is disposed within the container at the stop position. In this case, the movement of the table or the like on which the container is placed is controlled so that the center of the container is positioned in a mutually different direction (mutually opposite directions) using the center axis of the pipette at a plurality of stop positions as standards. 
         [0087]      FIG. 12  illustrates position confirmation in the second embodiment. In  FIG. 12 , the solid line circle indicates the inner wall (inner wall on the A-A cross section in  FIG. 11 ) of the cuvette at the ideal dispensing position; the center of the cuvette and the center axis Po of the pipette match. The circles indicated by the dashed lines indicate the position X and position Y in mutually opposite directions using the center axis Po of the pipette as a standard. Position X and position Y are shifted a distance from the ideal dispensing standby position indicated by the solid line, this distance being shorter than the difference between the cuvette radius and the pipette radius. More specifically, the position is shifted a distance which is shorter than the distance between the inner wall of the cuvette and the outer wall of the pipette inserted into the cuvette so that the center matches the center of the cuvette. 
         [0088]    In the second embodiment, whether a shift in the relative positions of the pipette and cuvette exceeds a predetermined amount can be confirmed similar to the first embodiment. 
         [0089]    Note that the track drawn in  FIG. 12  is the track of the center of the cuvette. 
       Third Embodiment 
       [0090]    Although the shift in the relative positions of the pipette and the cuvette are confirmed in the first and second embodiments, in the third embodiment the shift is confirmed of the relative positions of the receiving hole into which the container is to be inserted and the container held in the container mover for holding and moving a container. The cuvette is moved using the first through third catcher units during analysis, and the cuvette cannot be inserted into the receiving hole when the shift between the center of the cuvette held in the catcher unit and the center of the receiving hole into which the cuvette is to be inserted exceeds a predetermined amount. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a situation in which the cuvette cannot be inserted into the receiving hole by confirming the relative positions once a day prior to the analysis operation similar to the first embodiment in which such a dislocation was discussed. 
         [0091]      FIG. 13  is a side view of the holder  30   c  of the first catcher unit  30  in the sample analyzer of the third embodiment, and  FIG. 14  is similarly a perspective view. As shown in  FIGS. 13 and 14 , the first catcher unit  30  is capable of holding a cuvette C sandwiched in a holder  30   c  provided on the tip of an arm  30   b.  The first catcher unit  30  supplied the held cuvette C to the heating table  24  and the like by rotating the arm  30   b  while holding the cuvette C. 
         [0092]    The holder  30   c  has a pair of holding members  30   c   1  with a bifurcated shape to grip the flange  40  of the cuvette C, and a compression coil spring  30   c   2  for forcing the pair of holding members  30   c   1  toward each other. The flange  40  of the cuvette C is held by the holders  30   c  by the bifurcated part of the holding members  30   c   1  which are mutually forced toward each other. 
         [0093]    In the first catcher unit  30  of the present embodiment, a hole  61  is formed for installing a metal rod-shaped body  60  used for position inspection on the bottom surface of a member  30   c   3  between the pair of holding members  30   c   1 . This hole  61  is formed at the center position when the holder  30  of the first catcher unit  30  is viewed from the front (viewed from the right side in  FIG. 13 ). The end of the rod-shaped body is selected to have a thickness that allows the body to be fitted into the hole  61 . Note that a female thread may be formed on the inner surface of the hole  61  so that the male thread formed on the end of the rod-shaped body  60  can be screwed in. 
         [0094]    The first catcher  30  is provided with an electrostatic capacitance type contact detector, and the heating table  24  is made of metal. Therefore, the electrostatic capacitance type contact detector can detect contact between the metal rod-shaped body  60  and the inner wall of the receiving hole of the heating table  24 . 
         [0095]    In the present embodiment, a shift in relative position can be confirmed between the receiving hole in which the container is to be placed and the container held in the container mover for holding and moving the container by placing the metal rod-shaped body  60  within the receiving hole at a plurality of positions in mutually different directions, the plurality of positions being shifted from the center of the receiving hole. In this case, placing the rod-shaped body  60  in the receiving hole at a plurality of positions in mutually different directions from the center, the plurality of positions being shifted from the center of the receiving hole, is accomplished by driving the heating table  24 . Since there is some shift (lateral direction in  FIG. 13 ) between the center axis of the rod-shaped body  60  and the center position of the container held in the pair of holding members  30   c   1 , a position confirmation operation must be performed after the first catcher unit  30  advances a set distance after taking up the container. 
         [0096]    In the above description, the heating table  24  is driven to allow placement in the receiving hole at a plurality of positions in mutually different directions from the center at a plurality of positions shifted from the center of the receiving hole; however, placement within the receiving hole at a plurality of positions in mutually different directions from the center at a plurality of positions shifted from the center of the receiving hole also may be accomplished by driving the first catcher unit  30 . In the sample analyzer  1  described above, there are a plurality of combinations possible, such as the container mover holding the container and the table in which the container is to be placed, and position confirmation can be performed for each such combination as shown in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Container mover 
                 Table 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 First catcher unit 30 
                 Cuvette transporter 34 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Heating table 24 
               
               
                   
                 Second catcher unit 31 
                 Cuvette table 23 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Heating table 24 
               
               
                   
                 Third catcher unit 32 
                 Heating table 24 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0097]    Note that the present invention is not limited to the above described embodiments and may be variously modified insofar as such modification are within the scope of the claims. For example, although position confirmation is performed during measurement of the quality control sample in the above embodiments, the operation also may be executed during measurement of a patient sample, or a position confirmation start button may be displayed on the display unit so that the user may also press the button to execute the operation. 
         [0098]    Although the position confirmation result is displayed on the display unit in the above embodiments, the results also may be transmitted from a transmitter of the control device to a server at the service (maintenance) company through a network without display on the display unit or in addition to display on the display unit. In this way the needed parts and technicians can be effectively deployed by the service company. 
         [0099]    Although position confirmation is performed with the pipette inserted into a cuvette held in the receiving hole of the cuvette table in the above embodiments, it is to be noted that position confirmation also may be performed with the pipette inserted in the receiving hole (opening) for holding the cuvette. Furthermore, the opening for position confirmation also may be provided in a table such as the cuvette table or the like rather than in the receiving hole for holding the cuvette. 
         [0100]    Although the pipette is lowered to perform position confirmation after the pipette is shifted in a horizontal direction in the above embodiments, the pipette also may be lowered at the center position of the cuvette then inserted into the cuvette, and subsequently shifting the pipette in a horizontal direction to perform position confirmation. 
         [0101]    Although the contact between the pipette and cuvette is optically detected using a contact detector configured by a contact member  173  and a contact sensor  170  in the above embodiments, an electrostatic capacitance type contact detector also may be used when the container transporter and pipette are made of metal. Since the contact detector configured by the detection member  173  and contact sensor  170  is a device for detecting movement in the axial direction of the pipette, detection is not possible when there is not movement in the axial direction of the pipette simply by contact between the outer surface of the pipette and the inner surface of the cuvette. In this case, an electrostatic capacitance type contact detector can detect contact between the outer surface of the pipette and the inner wall of the cuvette and is effective as a contact detector when the pipette is lowered prior to moving horizontally. 
         [0102]    Although the measurement is permitted to continue even though an error message is displayed on the display unit when result error is detected in the position confirmation in the above embodiments, a process may be executed to lower the pipette at the center of an empty cuvette (predetermined dispensing position of the pipette and not a position shifted from the ideal center) before starting the measurement of the quality control sample. In this case, confirming that the pipette can be inserted at the center position avoids a situation wherein the pipette contacts or strikes the cuvette during a measurement and interrupts the operation. Wasting sample and reagent up until the operation is interrupting during measurement is also avoided. 
         [0103]    Although the pipette is mounted at the end of a movable arm and moved within a horizontal plane along a circular track in the above embodiments, the present invention may also be applied to a device for moving the pipette within a horizontal plane along mutually perpendicular X axis and Y axis. 
         [0104]    Although the present invention is adapted to a blood coagulation measuring apparatus in the above embodiments, the present invention is also applicable to other clinical sample analyzers such as immunoanalyzers, biochemical measuring apparatuses and the like.