Abstract:
A speech recognition system and method are provided for the speech-controlled inputting of short messages into a telecommunications terminal, in particular a mobile phone or cordless phone, having a speech recognizer module which operates independently of the speaker, a text/phoneme converter module and/or an auxiliary speech recognition module which operates in a speaker-dependent fashion and has the purpose of converting the text inputs or text transfers into a phonetic script which is adapted to the speech recognition module, and a vocabulary control module for supplementing the vocabulary or for replacing elements of the vocabulary by words or phrases which have been input or transferred.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a speech processing system and method that are specifically tailored for creating short messages in, or for, a telecommunications terminal. 
   The mobile radio standard GMS which is currently valid defines framework conditions for the transmission of text messages with a limited length (short messages) via the mobile radio networks, for which the designation SMS (Short Messaging Service) has become widespread, even in everyday life. SMS messages have become established in GSM networks as a communication tool for conveying short pieces of information. The present invention makes it easier to input SMS messages on mobile terminals. 
   Despite the wide variety of possible ways of transmitting SMS messages from the Internet or via call centers and in spite of the fact that they can be created more easily on PCs or laptops, the overwhelming majority of all SMS messages which are sent today are created directly on mobile terminals. These SMS messages have to be input in a relatively complicated way with the existing twelve-key keypad. Even commercially established methods for reducing the number of key-pressing operations, such as Tegic T 9 , only make the SMS inputting operation easier and quicker to a certain degree. In addition, the use of the T 9  mode requires a certain routine when creating the SMS message. 
   The above mentioned inputting operation using a PC or mobile computer is significantly easier owing to the keypad which can be operated in a significantly better way, and basically highly developed speech-processing systems are also suitable for using computers to input short messages via the PC. All these possibilities are, however, linked to the availability of an appropriate computer with complete alphanumeric keypad or the hardware and software resources for advanced speech processing. These resources are available to a very small number of SMS users in typical application situations. 
   The present invention is, therefore, directed toward making available an improved system and method for inputting SMS messages directly at a (in particular mobile) telecommunications terminal. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention includes the fundamental idea of almost completely dispensing with the customary inputting of text in order to create short messages. It also includes the idea of replacing the inputting of text, irrespective of the very limited resources (processing and storage capacity) of a small hand-held telecommunications terminal, essentially by the voice-inputting operation which provides unparalleled ease and convenience for the user. The effect of the present invention is based on reducing the scope of the vocabulary to a size which is adequate for mobile terminals by utilizing preconfigurations and a self-learning system. 
   Accordingly, the present invention relates to methods or aspects of the speech-controlled inputting of SMS messages which can be used individually or in combination. It is, thus, concerned with the speech-controlled selection of predefined words/templates and the speech-controlled selection of word groups via speech instructions or metaphors and a self-learning system for configuring a speech recognizer with the SMS vocabulary used by the user. 
   Speech-Controlled SMS Templates 
   When creating SMS messages it is possible to input free texts. Completely inputting the message via speech would require a dictation system (with a vocabulary of ≧50,000 words) which operates without faults on the mobile terminal. Because of the limited resources on the terminals, it is not technically possible to input this at the moment. However, if it is considered that many of the items contained in SMS messages are similar, the actively used vocabulary is significantly reduced and it is often also possible to operate with prefabricated templates. 
   A speaker-independent speech recognizer is also implemented on the mobile terminal, the speech recognizer supporting only a limited number of words (for example, 1,000 words) in the active vocabulary owing to the resource restrictions. In the delivered state of the device, the speech recognition is preconfigured with the most important generally customary words in SMS messages such as, for example, “today”, “yesterday”, “tomorrow”, “meet”, “cinema”, etc. 
   This preassigned information can be supplemented or modified individually by the user (while complying with a maximum number of supported words). The changes can be made, for example, independently of the speaker via text inputs and subsequent automatic conversion to the phonetic script which the recognizer can understand (text/phoneme conversion) or speaker-dependently via text inputs and subsequent annunciation of the term. In this way, the vocabulary to be supported can be individually personalized without obtaining the resource dimensions of a dictation system. The changes can, in particular, be carried out directly on the device or in a multi-stage fashion via a PC and downloaded to the telecommunications terminal. 
   Selection of Text Via Voice Metaphors 
   Instead of individual words, a voice instruction also can be used to call small texts, referred to as templates; such as, for example, “regards”, “best wishes”, “I&#39;m coming”, “are you coming”, “I wanted to”, “can you”, “see you soon”, etc. It is also possible to input metaphors for word groups; for example, “greeting” or “signing-off phrase”. After these words have been recognized, a number of possible text variants on this metaphor are presented on the display. For example, “greeting” can then be followed by an offer of. “Good morning, hello, how are you . . . ”. The user can select the desired entry via manual selection or via voice input (for example, of the respective place number). When this switch is accessed, the individual metaphors can be individually widened or adapted by the user. 
   Self-Learning Vocabulary Systems for Speech-Controlled Inputting of SMS 
   In order to adapt the standard vocabulary to the communications behavior of the user, an automatic, self-learning adaptation of the basic vocabulary can be influenced. For this purpose, depending on the settings, all transmitted and/or received messages are analyzed by the system. Words which were previously not known to the speech recognizer are converted via text-to-phoneme conversion which is present on the device into a form which the speech recognizer can understand, and included in the vocabulary. The vocabulary to be supported is restricted here to a maximum number of words which is adequate for embedded devices. If the maximum limit is reached, the active items of vocabulary can be adapted further via substitution strategies (for example, first-in-first-out (FIFO), prioritization according to the frequency of occurrence). As the items of vocabulary in the SMS messages for a specific user are generally relatively small, this process gradually gives rise to a personalized system which permits the user to input his/her SMS message almost completely by speech. 
   While the actual speech recognition module is preferably embedded as a hidden Markov model known per se (but configured with a resource requirement, adapted to the preconditions of a small hand-held electronic device) the text-phoneme converter module is preferably implemented on the basis of a neural network. The implementation of such converters on the basis of neural networks is known per se and, therefore, does not require any further explanation here for the person skilled in the art. 
   A “classic” input keypad, in particular an alpha-numeric keypad which is integrated into the device and has multiple assignment of keys, or a correspondingly embedded touchscreen is used to make the text inputs. It is also possible to make the text inputs using a plug-on supplementary keypad (which may be obtained from many manufacturers) or via a connected PC or laptop/notebook. 
   According to the above, a substitution control algorithm for replacing elements of the basic vocabulary by new words or templates, in particular as a function of the time and/or frequency of their occurrence at the text input interface, is implemented in the vocabulary control module. As a result, in the course of time, a vocabulary structure which is adapted as well as possible to the habits of the particular user and his/her communication partners is formed. On the other hand, it is also possible (using simpler hardware and software) to perform continuous updating of the vocabulary according to the FIFO principle; i.e., to eliminate from the vocabulary words which have not been used for a long time and, thus, continuously renew the vocabulary. 
   As is already clear from the above statements, not only words but also sequences of words (phrases) may be present as elements of the basic vocabulary and of the current vocabulary of the speech recognizer, and both types of element can be referred to in a summarizing fashion as “templates”. The more pronounced the short-message communication of a user follows established rituals, the more efficient is the storage of entire phrases alongside individual words. 
   The word sequences are expediently logically linked to a speech instruction or a metaphor, the inputting of which by speech calls the word sequences during the operation of the system. Here, various phrases can be assigned to the same metaphor or the same speech instruction and can be displayed in reaction to an appropriate input so that the user can select the word sequence which is desired in the respective situation. This also can be carried out via a speech instruction, but also can be done conventionally by scrolling the display and pressing the “OK” key at the desired position. 
   From the explanations above it is apparent that a vocabulary memory of the speech recognizer can be expediently divided into a number of memory areas which can be addressed and handled separately. A first memory area for the basic vocabulary which is also supplied by the manufacturer, and its supplements or substitutes which are accumulated during the operation of the system is separated here from another memory area in which templates which are intentionally input by the user are stored. This latter memory area, in turn, cannot be overwritten by new entries in the first memory area, at any rate not by current inputs of the user. 
   Additional features and advantages of the present invention are described in, and will be apparent from, the following Detailed Description of the Invention and the Figures. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       FIG. 1  is a basic view of key components of a speech recognition system according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic view of a speech recognition system, embodied as a component of a mobile phone, in an embodiment which is modified in comparison with  FIG. 1 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   As is apparent from  FIG. 1 , a vocabulary control stage, a template control stage, a text interface and an SMS buffer as well as the actual speech recognizer (with additional components in comparison with a conventional speech recognizer) can be considered as key components of a preferred speech recognition system according to the present invention. The system is connected via the text interface to a text input device; for example, a mobile phone keypad. Outgoing short messages which are created both via the keypad and the text interface and incoming text messages which are received via the mobile phone are fed to the SMS buffer. The text interface is connected on the output end to inputs of the template control stage; specifically, to a “text-to-phoneme” converter module and to a “string table” module. A voice alias or a text table are fed to these modules via the text interface and a phoneme sequence or a string table is generated therefrom. The latter are finally stored in a phrase memory of the speech recognizer. 
   The output of the SMS buffer is connected to a vocabulary comparator and a statistics conditioner within the vocabulary control stage. The latter are each connected at the output end to a further “text-to-phoneme” converter stage which itself is connected to a supplementary vocabulary memory in the speech recognizer. This statistics conditioning unit is also connected to a “statistics info” module in the speech recognizer in order to store statistical information there for the operation of the speech recognizer from the outgoing and incoming short messages. 
   The vocabulary comparator is connected via a further input to an output of the speech recognizer and receives therefrom the comparison basis for the evaluation of the current SMS for supplementing the vocabulary stored in the speech recognizer. 
   The method of operation of this speech recognizer is obtained from the general explanations above and from  FIG. 1  itself so that no more wide ranging functional description is necessary here. 
   The speech recognizer system  3  of a mobile phone  1  according to  FIG. 2  includes an HMM speech recognizer  5  with low resource requirements and a vocabulary and phrase memory  7  which includes a basic memory area  7 A, a supplementary vocabulary memory area  7 B and a phrase memory area  7 C. A basic vocabulary of the speech recognizer  5  is stored in invariant form in the basic memory area  7 A; i.e., the elements of the vocabulary of the speech recognizer which are stored there can be neither deleted nor overwritten. In this example, both words which are newly input by the user via text inputting and words which are made available by the speech recognition system in the fashion described below are additionally stored in the supplementary vocabulary memory area  7 B, the first-mentioned elements being identified as active inputs of the user via a flag, and also being non-deletable. When the mobile phone  1  is supplied, word sequences for standard situations in life, which the user can also incorporate in a short message in a fashion which is also described in more detail below, are already stored in the phrase memory area  7 C (in assignment to a speech instruction or a metaphor in each case). 
   In order to implement the present invention, an HMM-based speech recognizer can be used which has, for example, a performance range of 1,000 words; for example, for the German language, which is therefore small enough to be able to run on embedded devices. The speech recognizer  5  is preconfigured for the German language for supply with 1,000 generally customary words. The words for the preassignment information are acquired here from the analysis of a large number of SMS messages which have been sent by many users. 
   Furthermore, the text/phoneme converter  9  based on a neural network which converts text inputs into the phonetic script necessary for the speech recognizer is implemented on the mobile phone  1 . The speech recognizer enables the user to use the twelve-key keypad  11  of the mobile phone  1  to input, as text, words which he/she would like to store in the supplementary vocabulary memory area  7 B, and makes the storable representation available. 
   Furthermore, the text/phoneme converter  9  permits a self-learning function to be implemented, for whose execution are provided a buffer  13  for temporarily storing the vocabulary of received and/or transmitted short messages, a vocabulary comparator unit  15 , connected to the buffer  13  and to the vocabulary and phrase memory  7 , for the purpose of comparing the respectively stored items of vocabulary, a statistical evaluation unit  17  for determining statistical characteristic variables of the words which have newly occurred in the received or transmitted short messages, and a characteristic-variable comparator unit  19  for comparing these characteristic variables with stored characteristic variables of the basic vocabulary. The characteristic variable comparator unit  19  is connected at the input end on the one hand to the evaluation unit  17  and on the other hand to a characteristic-variable memory  21  of the HMM speech recognizer  5  where relevant values of the elements of the basic vocabulary are stored. In order to control the updating of the vocabulary, a vocabulary control stage  23  is provided which itself receives control information from the vocabulary comparator unit  15  and the characteristic-variable comparator unit  19 . 
   In order to automatically adapt/personalize the vocabulary, the user can actuate the self-learning function of the system. Here, both the analysis of incoming and outgoing SMS messages can be enabled. The activation of the analysis of incoming SMS messages is specifically interesting if the manual input functionality is highly restricted in the mobile terminal; for example, as in a clock mobile phone. 
   When the self-learning system is activated, all the words of each incoming and/or outgoing SMS message are compared with the existing basic vocabulary. If the SMS message contains words which are not in the basic vocabulary of the recognizer, they are added to the vocabulary according to a substitution strategy via text/phoneme conversion. For the substitution strategy, each word in the vocabulary is identified with the date of use and the frequency of use. Initial values are used for words which are preset at delivery. A word which is to be newly entered is substituted here for the word with the lowest frequency of use and the oldest date of use. This produces an individually personalized system on an incremental basis. 
   In addition, the user is provided with the possibility of creating his/her own individual templates via a template menu prompting system  25  and linking these templates to a voice instruction (voice alias). A template can be composed here of one or more words. For this purpose, the template text is input in table form and assigned to a voice alias (speech instruction), also input via the keypad  11 , as text. 
   The text/phoneme converter  9  translates the voice alias and enters in the vocabulary of the speech recognizer; the template text itself is stored in the phrase memory area  7 C and the speech instruction is stored in the supplementary vocabulary memory area  7 B. The voice alias replaces a word of the vocabulary here in accordance with the already described substitution strategy. 
   The voice alias is identified as such. It is not subject to the substitution strategy as it represents an explicit user entry. It can only be deleted by the user himself/herself. 
   A number of template texts also can be assigned as a supplementary function to a voice alias. When the voice alias is called, all the template texts are made available for selection with a preceding number via the menu control system  23 . The template selection is then carried out manually by selecting a key or by a voice input of the template number. For example, the voice alias “Greeting” could be linked to the template text “Best wishes” and “Yours sincerely”. When “greeting” is spoken, the user is then presented with the text “1 Best wishes” and “2 Yours sincerely”. The text “Yours sincerely” is then selected by subsequently speaking the template number “2”. 
   In order to arrive at a balanced proportion between the basic vocabulary and user-defined templates, a maximum number of template entries is preset; for example, 100 user templates. The user can define his/her own voice aliases up to this maximum value, the voice aliases respectively substituting an entry from the existing basic vocabulary. If the maximum limit is reached, the user is provided with a corresponding warning message. The user can change the maximum template value via an option. In an extreme case, he/she can select the maximum value of 1,000 for the templates, which, when the maximum value is used, signifies eliminating the basic vocabulary and the analysis function. 
   Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, those of skill in the art will recognize that changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the hereafter appended claims.