Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for controlling transmission power to be allocated to sub-carrier signals in a cellular communication system capable of dividing a frequency band into a plurality of sub-carrier bands and multiplexing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands based on multiple frequency reuse factors. The method comprises the steps of determining a target Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of sub-carrier signals employing a first frequency reuse factor selected from the multiple frequency reuse factors; determining a weight of the sub-carrier signals employing the first frequency reuse factor and a weight of other sub-carrier signals employing frequency reuse factors other than the first frequency reuse factor corresponding to the target SINR; and applying the determined weights to the sub-carrier signals employing the first frequency reuse factor and the sub-carrier signals employing frequency reuse factors other than the first frequency reuse factor, thereby controlling the transmission power.

Description:
PRIORITY 
   This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119 of an application entitled “Apparatus And Method For Controlling Transmission Power In Communication Systems Using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Scheme” filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on Apr. 14, 2004 and assigned Serial No. 2004-25921, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a cellular communication system, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for controlling transmission power in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) cellular communication system using a multiple frequency reuse factor. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   Recent developments in wireless networks focus on a 4 th  Generation (4G) communication systems that provides superior Quality of Service (QoS) at a higher transmission rate. In particular, the focus is on providing subscribers with high speed services by ensuring mobility and QoS to wireless Local Area Network (LAN) communication systems and wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) communication systems, which network topologies that can provide services at a relatively high transmission rate. 
   To support broadband transmission networks for a physical channel of the wireless MAN communication system, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has suggested using an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and an OFDMA scheme with an IEEE 802.16a communication system. According to the IEEE 802.16a communication system, the OFDM/OFDMA schemes are applied to the wireless MAN system to transmit a physical channel signal at a high transmission rate by using a plurality of sub-carriers. 
   The IEEE 802.16a communication system is based on a single cell structure without taking mobility of a Subscriber Station (SS) into consideration. In contrast, an IEEE 802.16e communication system does take mobility of the SS into consideration while still incorporating the features of the IEEE 802.16a communication system. 
   The IEEE 802.16e communication system reflects the mobility of the SS under a multi-cell environment. To provide mobility to the SS under the multi-cell environment, the operational relationship between the SS and a Base Station (BS) must be changed. To that end, research focuses on SS handover. A mobile SS is referred to as a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS). 
   Hereinafter, a conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system will be described with reference to  FIG. 1 . 
     FIG. 1  is a schematic view illustrating the structure of a conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system. 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 , the conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system has a multi-cell structure including a cell  100  and a cell  150 . The conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system includes a BS  110  for managing the cell  100 , a BS  140  for managing the cell  150 , and a plurality of MSSs  111 ,  113 ,  130 ,  151  and  153 . The BSs  110  and  140  communicate with the MSSs  111 ,  113 ,  130 ,  151  and  153  through the OFDM/OFDMA schemes. 
   The conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system performs an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and uses 1702 sub-carriers. Among the 1702 sub-carriers, 166 sub-carriers are used as pilot sub-carriers and 1536 sub-carriers are used as data sub-carriers. In addition, the 1536 sub-carriers are divided into 32 sub-channels, each including 48 sub-carriers. The sub-channels are allocated to the MSSs according to the state of the system. Herein, the sub-channel is a channel with at least one sub-carrier. For instance, 48 sub-carriers may form one sub-channel. 
   As mentioned above, when the sub-channels are formed in the IEEE 802.16e communication system, the total sub-channels are divided into several groups and mutually different frequency reuse factors are applied to each group. Hereinafter, a method of allocating frequency resources based on multiple frequency reuse factors in the conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system will be described with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
     FIG. 2  is a schematic view illustrating a frequency resource allocation operation based on multiple frequency reuse factors in the conventional IEEE 802.16e cellular communication system. 
   Referring to  FIG. 2 , a cell center region  200  adjacent to a BS has a relatively high signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR), so a frequency resource with a frequency reuse factor of 1 is allocated to an MSS located in the cell center region  200 . In contrast, a cell boundary region  250 , which is relatively remote from the BS, has a relatively low SINR, so a frequency resource with a frequency reuse factor greater than 1 (K&gt;1) is allocated to the MSS located in the cell boundary region  250 . By allocating the frequency resources to the MSSs with mutually different frequency reuse factors, limited frequency resources are used more effectively and efficiently. 
   Hereinafter, a method for creating the sub-channels based on the multiple frequency reuse factors in the conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system will be described with reference to  FIG. 3 . 
     FIG. 3  is a schematic view illustrating a procedure of creating the sub-channels based on multiple frequency reuse factors in the conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system. 
   Referring to  FIG. 3 , if the IEEE 802.16e communication system uses N sub-carriers, the N sub-carriers are divided into G groups. Each of the G groups consists of S sub-carriers, so that the following equation is satisfied.
 
 N=S×G. 
 
   A first sub-channel is created by selecting one sub-carrier from each of the G groups. A second sub-channel is created by selecting one sub-carrier from each of the G groups, except for the sub-carrier allocated to the first sub-channel. The above procedure may be repeated until all sub-carriers of the G groups are allocated to the sub-channels. As a result, a set of S sub-channels is created. 
   It is also possible to create a new set of S sub-channels having sub-carriers different from the above sub-carriers by varying the sub-carrier selection scheme. The number of sets of the S sub-channels including mutually different sub-carriers is (S!) G . Herein, a combination of the sub-carriers forming the sub-channel will be referred to as a “sub-carrier combination”. 
   In the following description, a set of n th  sub-channels selected from among the (S!) G  sets of the S sub-channels is defined as A n  and an m th  sub-channel of the sub-channel set A n  is defined as SC m   n . Herein, n=[0, (S!) G ], and m=[0, S−1]. S sub-channels (SC m   n  and SC l   n ) forming the same sub-channel set A n  are orthogonal to each other. So, the sub-carriers forming each of the S sub-channels may not collide with each other. In addition, the sub-channels (SC m   n  and SC l   k , n≠k) forming mutually different sets of the sub-channels are aligned without ensuring orthogonality therebetween; the sub-carriers forming mutually different sub-channels may collide with each other. 
   In addition, C sub-channel sets A n  are selected from among the (S!) G  sets of the S sub-channels. At this time, if a predetermined sub-channel is selected from each of the C sub-channel sets A n , the number of sub-carriers having the collision characteristics can be uniform. As a result, the total number of sub-carriers with collision characteristics between two sub-channel sets is proportional to the number of sub-channels; the sub-channel set is created by selecting sub-carriers from among the (S!) G  sets of the S sub-channels. The C sub-channel sets with mutually different sub-carrier combinations, and the sub-carriers with uniform collision characteristics can be created through various schemes. 
   Hereinafter, a method of managing the sub-channel with a frequency reuse factor of 1 in the IEEE 802.16e communication system will be described. 
   First, when the frequency reuse factor is 1, all sub-carriers in a predetermined cell of the IEEE 802.16e communication system (that is, all sub-channels) can be used in adjacent cells. If each the cells uses a sub-channel set having the same sub-carrier combination (that is, if each cell uses the same A n ), interference variation may occur in each sub-channel of the sub-channel set depending on the channel states. Therefore, when presently measured channel information is applied to a next time duration, it is impossible to predict the channel state. 
   Hereinafter, a method of creating the sub-channel when the frequency reuse factor is 1 in the IEEE 802.16e communication system will be described with reference to  FIGS. 4A and 4B . 
     FIG. 4A  is a schematic view illustrating a procedure of creating the sub-channel when the frequency reuse factor is 1 in the conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system. 
   Referring to  FIG. 4A , if the IEEE 802.16e communication system uses N sub-carriers, C sub-channel sets An can be created from the N sub-carriers through various sub-carrier selection schemes. 
     FIG. 4B  is a schematic view illustrating a sub-channel set corresponding to  FIG. 4A  allocated to cells forming the IEEE 802.16e communication system. 
   Referring to  FIG. 4B , the C sub-channel sets An are allocated to the cells of the IEEE 802.16e communication system. Each sub-channel of the C sub-channel sets A n  is orthogonal to the other sub-channels in the same sub-channel set while representing the uniform collision characteristics with respect to the sub-channels of different sub-channel sets. 
   If the C sub-channel sets A n  are allocated to each cell, the interference component from the adjacent cells can be averaged due to the uniform collision characteristics of the sub-carriers. So, if the amount of resources used in the adjacent cells is not changed, the validity of channel state information measured in a predetermined time unit can be maintained. In this manner, the IEEE 802.16e communication system can effectively manage the sub-channel based on the frequency reuse factor of 1. And although the inter-cell interference can be averaged, the SINR may be reduced from the interference components of adjacent cells. In particular, the SINR of the cell boundary region is significantly reduced. 
   Error correction coding with very low rate and modulation schemes with lower modulation order can be applied to the MSS located in the cell boundary region to ensure service coverage of the wireless cellular communication system. However, such error correction coding may degrade bandwidth efficiency, thereby significantly lowering the transmission rate for the MSS in the cell boundary region. 
   The IEEE 802.16e communication system with the frequency reuse factor K uses K unique frequency bands. Alternatively, the system logically divides the sub-carriers included in one frequency band into K sub-carrier groups. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the sub-carriers included in one frequency band are divided into K sub-carrier groups and the frequency reuse factor K is managed based on the K sub-carrier groups. 
   Hereinafter, a procedure of creating the sub-channel in the IEEE 802.16e communication system based on the frequency reuse factor K will be described with reference to  FIGS. 5A and 5B . 
     FIG. 5A  is a schematic view illustrating the procedure of creating the sub-carrier in the IEEE 802.16e communication system based on the frequency reuse factor of K. 
   Referring to  FIG. 5A , the sub-carriers formed in one frequency band are divided into K sub-carrier groups and the frequency reuse factor K is managed based on the K sub-carrier groups. In  FIG. 5A , the frequency reuse factor is 3 (K=3). S sub-channels forming a predetermined sub-channel set A n  are divided into three exclusive sub-channel groups defined as A n   α , A n   β , and A n   γ . 
     FIG. 5B  is a schematic view illustrating a group of sub-carriers corresponding to  FIG. 5A  allocated to sectors forming the cell of the IEEE 802.16e communication system. 
   Referring to  FIG. 5B , under the frequency reuse factor of 3, three sub-channel groups A n   α , A n   β , and A n   γ  are allocated to equal sectors of each cell. In an ideal case, inter-cell/sector interference rarely occurs so that the average transmission rate of the MSS located in the boundary region of the cell or sector may increase. However, the resources allocated to each cell or sector is reduced to ⅓, so the capacity of the cell or sector is reduced. 
   Hereinafter, a method of employing the frequency reuse factors 1 and K for improving bandwidth efficiency and system capacity of the IEEE 802.16e communication system will be described. 
   As described above with reference to  FIG. 2 , if the MSSs are located adjacent to the BS, relatively weak interference is applied to the MSSs in the cell center region. The MSSs in the cell center region may operate based on the frequency reuse factor of 1. In contrast, the MSSs located in the cell boundary region may operate with K&gt;1 to reduce the interference applied to the MSSs from the adjacent cell or sector. That is, when simultaneously employing the frequency reuse factors 1 and K in the same cell, the interference in the boundary region of the cell/sector can be reduced by employing the frequency reuse factor 1 and the system capacity of the BS can be improved by employing the frequency reuse factor K. 
   However, if the IEEE 802.16e communication system employs the frequency reuse factors 1 and K without physically discriminating them, a relatively large interference component results. As a result, the SINR of the MSS having the frequency reuse factor K may be reduced and performance thereof will be significantly degraded. To solve the above problem, orthogonality is ensured between frequency resources having mutually different frequency reuse factors. 
   Hereinafter, a procedure of allocating frequency resources based on multiple frequency reuse factors in the IEEE 802.16e communication system will be described with reference to  FIG. 6 . 
     FIG. 6  is a schematic view illustrating the procedure of allocating the frequency resources based on multiple frequency reuse factors in the IEEE 802.16e communication system. 
   Referring to  FIG. 6 , if the IEEE 802.16e communication system uses N sub-carriers, the N sub-carriers are divided into G groups. Herein, each of the G groups consists of S sub-carriers, so that the following equation is satisfied:
 
 N=S×G 
 
   In addition, each of the G groups is divided into two sub-groups. The sub-groups include S 1  sub-carriers and S k  sub-carriers, respectively. 
   First, a first sub-channel is created by selecting one sub-carrier from each of the G sub-groups. A second sub-channel is created by selecting one sub-carrier from each of the G sub-groups except for the sub-carrier that is already allocated to the first sub-channel. The above procedure may be repeated until all sub-carriers of the G sub-groups are allocated to the sub-channels. As a result, a set of S 1  sub-channels is created. In addition, as mentioned above, it is also possible to create a new set A n  of C sub-channels having sub-carriers different from the above sub-carriers by varying the sub-carrier selection scheme. The sub-channels of the new set A n  are orthogonal to each other in the same sub-channel set while representing the uniform collision characteristics with respect to sub-channels in the other sub-channel set. The sub-channel set A n  is allocated to each cell/sector so that the cell/sector can be managed with a frequency reuse factor of 1. 
   Next, a first sub-channel is created by selecting one sub-carrier from each of the G sub-groups including S k  sub-carriers. A third sub-channel is created by selecting one sub-carrier from each of the G sub-groups except for the sub-carrier already allocated to the first sub-channel. The above procedure may be repeated until all sub-carriers of the G sub-groups are allocated to the sub-channels. As a result, a set of S k  sub-channels is created. The sub-channels are divided into K exclusive sub-channel groups and allocated to each of K cells/sectors, so that the cells/sectors can be managed with a frequency reuse factor K. In particular, since the sub-channels employing the frequency reuse factor 1 and sub-channels employing the frequency factor K include mutually different sub-carriers, interference may be prevented even if the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K are simultaneously employed. 
   However, there is no apparatus or method for controlling transmission power in the IEEE 802.16e communication system employing multiple frequency reuse factors. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for controlling transmission power in an OFDMA cellular communication system using multiple frequency reuse factors. 
   Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method capable of obtaining various signal to interference ratios (SINRs) according to frequency reuse factors in an OFDMA cellular communication system using multiple frequency reuse factors. 
   To accomplish these objects, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling transmission power to be allocated to sub-carrier signals in a cellular communication system capable of dividing a frequency band into a plurality of sub-carrier bands and multiplexing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands based on multiple frequency reuse factors. The method comprises the steps of determining a target Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of sub-carrier signals employing a first frequency reuse factor selected from the multiple frequency reuse factors; determining a weight of the sub-carrier signals employing the first frequency reuse factor and a weight of other sub-carrier signals employing frequency reuse factors other than the first frequency reuse factor corresponding to the target SINR; and applying the determined weights to the sub-carrier signals employing the first frequency reuse factor and the sub-carrier signals employing frequency reuse factors other than the first frequency reuse factor, thereby controlling the transmission power. 
   According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling transmission power to be allocated to sub-carrier signals in a cellular communication system capable of dividing a frequency band into a plurality of sub-carrier bands and multiplexing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands based on frequency reuse factors of 1 and K. The method comprises the steps of determining a target Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factor of K; determining weights of the sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K corresponding to the target SINR, respectively; and applying the determined weights to the sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K, thereby controlling the transmission power. 
   According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling transmission power to be allocated to sub-carrier signals in a cellular communication system capable of dividing a frequency band into a plurality of sub-carrier bands and multiplexing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands based on frequency reuse factors of 1 and K. The method comprises the steps of determining an improvement value of a Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factor of K to increase the SINR of the sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factor of K obtained in a previous time duration; determining weights of the sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K corresponding to the improvement value of the SINR, respectively; and applying the determined weights to the sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K, thereby controlling the transmission power. 
   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling transmission power to be allocated to sub-carrier signals in a cellular communication system capable of dividing a frequency band into a plurality of sub-carrier bands, dividing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands into data sub-carrier signals for transferring data signals and reference signal sub-carrier signals for transferring predetermined reference signals and multiplexing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands based on frequency reuse factors of 1 and K. The method comprises the steps of determining a target Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of the data sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factor of K; determining weights of the data sub-carrier signals and pilot sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K corresponding to the target SINR, respectively; and applying the determined weights to the data sub-carrier signals and pilot sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K, thereby controlling the transmission power. 
   According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for controlling transmission power to be allocated to sub-carrier signals in a cellular communication system capable of dividing a frequency band into a plurality of sub-carrier bands and multiplexing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands based on multiple frequency reuse factors. The apparatus comprises a transmission power allocator for determining a target Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of sub-carrier signals employing a first frequency reuse factor selected from the multiple frequency reuse factors, determining a weight of the sub-carrier signals employing the first frequency reuse factor and a weight of other sub-carrier signals employing frequency reuse factors other than the first frequency reuse factor corresponding to the target SINR, and applying the determined weights to the sub-carrier signals employing the first frequency reuse factor and the sub-carrier signals employing frequency reuse factors other than the first frequency reuse factor, thereby controlling the transmission power. 
   According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for controlling transmission power to be allocated to sub-carrier signals in a cellular communication system capable of dividing a frequency band into a plurality of sub-carrier bands and multiplexing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands based on frequency reuse factors of 1 and K. The apparatus comprises a transmission power allocator for determining a target Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of sub-carrier signals employing frequency reuse factor of K, determining weights of the sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K corresponding to the target SINR, and applying the determined weights to the sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K, thereby controlling the transmission power. 
   According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for controlling transmission power to be allocated to sub-carrier signals in a cellular communication system capable of dividing a whole frequency band into a plurality of sub-carrier bands and multiplexing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands based on frequency reuse factors of 1 and K. The apparatus comprises a transmission power allocator for determining an improvement value of a Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factor of K to increase the SINR of the sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factor of K obtained in a previous time duration, determining weights of the sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K corresponding to the improvement value of the SINR, and applying the determined weights to the sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K, thereby controlling the transmission power. 
   According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for controlling transmission power to be allocated to sub-carrier signals in a cellular communication system capable of dividing a frequency band into a plurality of sub-carrier bands, dividing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands into data sub-carrier signals for transferring data signals and reference signal sub-carrier signals for transferring predetermined reference signals and multiplexing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands based on frequency reuse factors of 1 and K. The apparatus comprises a transmission power allocator for determining a target Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of the data sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factor of K, determining weights of the data sub-carrier signals and pilot sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K corresponding to the target SINR, and applying the determined weights to the data sub-carrier signals and pilot sub-carrier signals employing the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K, respectively, thereby controlling the transmission power. 
   According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling transmission power in a cellular communication system. The method comprising the steps of: dividing sub-carriers of the cellular communication system into at least two groups; and applying mutually different frequency reuse factors to the groups and allocating mutually different transmission power to the groups employing mutually different frequency reuse factors. 
   According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for controlling transmission power in a cellular communication system. The apparatus comprises a transmission power allocator for applying mutually different frequency reuse factors to sub-carriers of the cellular communication system, which are divided into at least two groups, in such a manner that each of two groups employs mutually different frequency reuse factors. 
   According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling transmission power to be allocated to sub-carrier signals in a cellular communication system capable of dividing a frequency band into a plurality of sub-carrier bands and multiplexing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands based on at least two frequency reuse factors. The method comprises the steps of: determining the transmission power to be applied to the sub-carrier signals employing mutually different frequency reuse factors; and applying the determined transmission power to the sub-carrier signals employing mutually different frequency reuse factors and transmitting the sub-carrier signals. 
   According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for controlling transmission power to be allocated to sub-carrier signals in a cellular communication system capable of dividing a frequency band into a plurality of sub-carrier bands and multiplexing the sub-carrier signals of the sub-carrier bands based on at least two frequency reuse factors. The apparatus comprises a controller for determining the transmission power to be applied to the sub-carrier signals employing mutually different frequency reuse factors; and a transmission power allocator for applying the determined transmission power to the sub-carrier signals employing mutually different frequency reuse factors to transmit the sub-carrier signals. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic view illustrating a structure of a conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system; 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic view illustrating frequency resource allocation in a conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system based on multiple frequency reuse factors; 
       FIG. 3  is a schematic view illustrating a procedure of creating sub-channels in a conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system; 
       FIG. 4A  is a schematic view illustrating a procedure of creating a sub-channel in a conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system based on a frequency reuse factor of 1; 
       FIG. 4B  is a schematic view illustrating a set of sub-channels corresponding to  FIG. 4A  allocated to cells forming a conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system; 
       FIG. 5A  is a schematic view illustrating a procedure of creating a sub-channel in a conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system based on a frequency reuse factor K; 
       FIG. 5B  is a schematic view illustrating a group of sub-channels corresponding to  FIG. 5A  allocated to sectors forming a cell of a conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system; 
       FIG. 6  is a schematic view illustrating a procedure of allocating frequency resources based on multiple frequency reuse factors in a conventional IEEE 802.16e communication system; 
       FIG. 7  is a schematic view illustrating a structure of a transmitter used in an IEEE 802.16e communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 8  is a schematic view illustrating an internal structure of a transmission power allocator as shown in  FIG. 7  when frequency reuse factors of 1 and K are used; 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic view illustrating an internal structure of a transmission power allocator as shown in  FIG. 7  when frequency reuse factors of 1 and 3 are used; and 
       FIG. 10  is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of allocating transmission power according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention unclear. 
   The present invention provides a cellular communication system. More particularly, the present invention provides an apparatus and a method for controlling transmission power in an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16e communication system, which is a cellular communication system using an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) scheme using a multiple frequency reuse factors. Although the present invention will be described in relation to the IEEE 802.16e communication system for illustrative purpose, the apparatus and the method of the present invention may be applicable to other cellular communication systems with multiple frequency reuse factors. 
   Hereinafter, structure of a transmitter for an IEEE 802.16e communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIG. 7 , which is a schematic view illustrating the structure of such a transmitter. 
   Referring to  FIG. 7 , the transmitter includes a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) inserter  711 , an encoder  713 , a symbol mapper  715 , a sub-channel allocator  717 , a serial to parallel converter  719 , a pilot symbol inserter  721 , a transmission power allocator  722 , an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) unit  723 , a parallel to serial converter  725 , a guard interval inserter  727 , a digital to analog converter  729 , and a radio frequency (RF) processor  731 . 
   When user data bits and control data bits are generated, the user data bits and control data bits are input to the CRC inserter  711 . The user data bits and control data bits are referred to herein as “information data bits”. The CRC inserter  711  inserts a CRC bit into the information data bits and outputs the information data bits to the encoder  713 . Upon receiving the signal from the CRC inserter  711 , the encoder  713  codes the signal through a predetermined coding scheme and outputs the coded signal to the symbol mapper  715 . In this example, the predetermined coding scheme includes a turbo coding scheme having a predetermined coding rate or a convolutional coding scheme. 
   The symbol mapper  715  modulates the coded bits output from the encoder  713  through a predetermined modulation scheme, forming a modulation symbol. The modulation symbol is output to the sub-channel allocator  717 . In this example, the predetermined modulation scheme includes a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) scheme or a sixteen (16) quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) scheme. Upon receiving the modulation symbols from the symbol mapper  715 , the sub-channel allocator  717  allocates the sub-channels to the modulation symbols and outputs the modulation symbols to the serial to parallel converter  719 . As mentioned above, the sub-channel allocator  717  allocates the sub-channels by applying mutually different frequency reuse factors. That is, the allocator  717  allocates the sub-channels to the modulation symbols by applying frequency reuse factors of 1 and K. 
   Upon receiving the serial modulation symbols with the sub-channels from the sub-channel allocator  717 , the serial to parallel converter  719  parallel-converts the modulation symbols and outputs the modulation symbols to the pilot symbol inserter  721 . The pilot symbol inserter  721  inserts pilot symbols into the parallel modulation symbols and outputs the parallel modulation symbols to the transmission power allocator  722 . 
   The transmission power allocator  722  allocates transmission power to the sub-channels according to frequency reuse factors thereof and outputs the sub-channels to the IFFT unit  723 . That is, the transmission power allocator  722  allocates transmission power to a sub-carrier signal having a pilot symbol (hereinafter, referred to as a pilot sub-carrier signal) and a sub-carrier signal having data (hereinafter, referred to as a data sub-carrier signal) and transmits the pilot sub-carrier signal and the data sub-carrier signal to the IFFT unit  723 . Transmission power allocation of the transmission power allocator  722  will be described later in detail. 
   The IFFT unit  723  performs an N-point IFFT on the signals from the transmission power allocator  722 , and sends the signals to the parallel to serial converter  725 . The parallel to serial converter  725  converts the parallel signals into serial signals and outputs the serial signals to the guard interval inserter  727 . The guard interval inserter  727  inserts a guard interval signal into the serial signals and outputs the serial signals to the digital to analog converter  729 . Herein, the guard interval is used for removing interference between previous Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) symbols and current OFDM symbols when the OFDM symbols are transmitted in the OFDMA communication system. In addition, the guard interval can be inserted into the OFDM symbol through a cyclic prefix scheme, in which predetermined final samples of the OFDM symbols in a time domain are copied and the copied samples are inserted into effective OFDM symbols, or through a cyclic postfix scheme, in which predetermined fore-samples of the OFDM symbols in the time domain are copied and the copied samples are inserted into effective OFDM symbols. 
   After receiving the signal from the guard interval inserter  727 , the digital to analog converter  729  converts the signal into an analog signal and outputs the analog signal to the RF processor  731 . The RF processor  731  includes a filter and a front end unit and transmits the analog signal to a transmission antenna after RF-processing the analog signal for transmission. 
   Hereinafter, an internal structure of the transmission power allocator  722  as shown in  FIG. 7  when frequency reuse factors of 1 and K are used will be described with reference to  FIG. 8 . 
     FIG. 8  is a schematic view illustrating the internal structure of the transmission power allocator  722  as shown in  FIG. 7  when frequency reuse factors of 1 and K are used. 
   In  FIG. 8 , it is assumed that the IEEE 802.16e communication system uses N sub-carriers with frequency reuse factors of 1 and K. 
   Referring to  FIG. 8 , the transmission power allocator  722  includes a sub-carrier divider  811  and a plurality of multipliers  813 - 0  to  813 -N′−1. The signal output from the pilot symbol inserter  721  is input to the sub-carrier divider  811 , so that the sub-carrier divider  811  divides the signal into two sub-carrier groups according to the frequency reuse factors. That is, the sub-carrier divider  811  divides the signal into a first group including sub-carriers with a frequency reuse factor of 1 and a second group including sub-carriers with a frequency reuse factor of K. The number of sub-carriers included in the first group is R 1  and the number of sub-carriers included in the second group is RK. When the frequency reuse factor is K, each cell/sector may use 1/K sub-carriers from among resources having the frequency reuse factor K, so that R 1 , RK and N satisfy Equation (1):
 
 RK=N−R 1  (1)
 
As mentioned above, since 1/K sub-carriers are used when the frequency reuse factor is K, R 1  and RK satisfy Equation (2):
 
 N′=R 1 +RK   (2)
 
   In Equation (2), N′ is smaller than N. 
   A sub-carrier signal of two sub-carrier groups is defined as X n , in which n represents a number of sub-carrier signal. If the frequency reuse factor is 1, n of the sub-carrier signal X n  is in a range of about 0˜R 1 −1. If the frequency reuse factor is K, n of the sub-carrier signal X n  is in a range of about R 1 ˜(N′−1). 
   In addition, the signal outputted from the transmission power allocator  722  is obtained by multiplying the sub-carrier signal X n  of the sub-carrier divider  811  by a predetermined weight W n . Herein, the signal obtained by multiplying the sub-carrier signal X n  by the predetermined weight W n  is defined as Y n .
 
 Y   n   =W   n   ·X   n   (3)
 
   In Equation (3), a subscript n of W n  and Y n  has a value identical to a value of a subscript n of X n . 
   Although it is not illustrated in  FIG. 8 , the multipliers  813 - 0  to  813 -N′−1 are connected to a controller. The controller determines the weight applied to the sub-channel signals and sends the weight to each of the multipliers  813 - 0  to  813 -N′−1. In effect, the multipliers  813 - 0  to  813 -N′−1 adjust transmission power of the sub-carrier signals output from the sub-carrier divider  811  by applying the weight to the sub-carrier signals. 
   In addition, the weight used for the sub-carrier signal with the frequency reuse factor 1 and the weight W n  used for the sub-carrier signal with the frequency reuse factor K may satisfy Equation (4): 
   
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       ∑ 
                       
                         n 
                         = 
                         0 
                       
                       
                         N 
                         - 
                         1 
                       
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       W 
                       n 
                       2 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   P 
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   
 
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         [ 
                         
                           
                             ∑ 
                             
                               n 
                               = 
                               
                                 R 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                     
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 1 
                               
                             
                             
                               N 
                               - 
                               1 
                             
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                             W 
                             n 
                             2 
                           
                         
                         ] 
                       
                       / 
                       RK 
                     
                     
                       
                         
                           [ 
                           
                             
                               ∑ 
                               
                                 n 
                                 = 
                                 0 
                               
                               
                                 
                                   R 
                                   ⁢ 
                                   
                                       
                                   
                                   ⁢ 
                                   1 
                                 
                                 - 
                                 1 
                               
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             
                               W 
                               n 
                               2 
                             
                           
                           ] 
                         
                         / 
                         R 
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       
                           
                       
                       ⁢ 
                       1 
                     
                   
                   = 
                   
                     R 
                     P 
                   
                 
               
             
             
               
                 ( 
                 4 
                 ) 
               
             
           
         
       
     
   
   In Equation (4), P is a total transmission power of the IEEE 802.16e communication system, and R p  is an average power ratio of sub-carriers having frequency reuse factors of K and 1. When R p  is greater than 1, a part of transmission power to be allocated to the sub-carriers with the frequency reuse factor of 1 is additionally allocated to the sub-carriers with the frequency reuse factor of K. 
   Herein, mutually different weights are applied to the sub-carriers as shown in  FIG. 8  for the purpose of transmission power application based on the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K, boosting of pilot sub-carriers, and transmission power application per each sub-carrier according to an Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) scheme. 
   Hereinafter, an internal structure of the transmission power allocator  722  as shown in  FIG. 7  when frequency reuse factors of 1 and 3 are used will be described with reference to  FIG. 9  which is a schematic view illustrating such a structure. 
   In  FIG. 9 , it is assumed that the IEEE 802.16e communication system uses N sub-carriers with frequency reuse factors of 1 and 3. Although it will be described that the IEEE 802.16e communication system employs the frequency reuse factors of 1 and 3 for illustrative purpose, other frequency reuse factors are also applicable for the IEEE 802.16e communication system. Similar to the transmission power allocator  722  shown in  FIG. 8 , the transmission power allocator  722  shown in  FIG. 9  includes a sub-carrier divider  811  and a plurality of multipliers  813 - 0  to  813 -N′−1. However, the transmission power allocator  722  shown in  FIG. 9  employs frequency reuse factors 1 and 3. 
   In particular, the transmission power allocator  722  shown in  FIG. 9  allocates the transmission power corresponding to the frequency reuse factors to improve the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of a sub-carrier signal with a frequency reuse factor 3 by S[dB]. The same weight is applied to the sub-carriers employing the same frequency reuse factor. That is, a weight W 1  is applied to the sub-carriers with the frequency reuse factor 1, and a weight W 3  is applied to the sub-carriers with the frequency reuse factor 3 as shown in Equation (5):
 
 W   1   =W   n ( n= 0 ˜R 1−1)
 
 W   3   =W   n ( n=R 1˜ N′− 1)  (5)
 
   Since it is assumed that interference is rarely applied to the sub-carrier with the frequency reuse factor 3, the SINR of the sub-carrier with the frequency reuse factor 3 can be represented by Equation (6): 
   
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   SINR 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     3 
                     n 
                   
                 
                 = 
                 
                   
                     
                       W 
                       3 
                       2 
                     
                     · 
                     
                       PL 
                       n 
                       0 
                     
                     · 
                     
                       
                         X 
                         n 
                         2 
                       
                       _ 
                     
                   
                   μ 
                 
               
             
             
               
                 ( 
                 6 
                 ) 
               
             
           
         
       
     
   
   In Equation (6), the SINR 3   n  is an SINR of an n th  sub-carrier signal X n  with the frequency reuse factor 3, PL n   0  is a signal attenuation component (that is, a pass loss) between a transmitter and a receiver of a cell (that is, a serving BS), to which the n th  sub-carrier signal X n  is allocated in the IEEE 802.16e communication system,  X n   2    is an average power of the n th  sub-carrier signal X n  and μ is an average power of noise components. As can be seen from Equation 6, when the frequency reuse factor 3 is employed, interference components from an adjacent BS do not exert an influence upon the SINR 3   n  of the n th  sub-carrier signal X n . 
   When a present weight W 3  is 1 (W 3 =1), a relationship between the weight W 3  (W 3 =1) and a weight W 1  capable of improving the SINR 3   n  by S[dB] (S≧0) is shown in Equation (7): 
   
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     W 
                     3 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     10 
                     
                       ( 
                       
                         S 
                         / 
                         20 
                       
                       ) 
                     
                   
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   
 
                 
                 ⁢ 
                 
                   
                     W 
                     1 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       
                         P 
                         - 
                         
                           
                             
                               W 
                               3 
                               2 
                             
                             · 
                             R 
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           
                               
                           
                           ⁢ 
                           3 
                         
                       
                       
                         R 
                         ⁢ 
                         
                             
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         1 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
             
               
                 ( 
                 7 
                 ) 
               
             
           
         
       
     
   
   As can be seen from Equation (7), the SINR of the sub-carrier signal with the frequency reuse factor 3, that is, the SINR 3   n , is improved by S[dB]. In addition, the SINR of the sub-carrier signal with the frequency reuse factor 1, that is, the SINR 1   n , is not degraded, or, the SINR 1   n  is degraded less than the improved S[dB]. Herein, the SINR 1   n  is an SINR of the n th  sub-carrier signal X n  with the frequency reuse factor 1. 
   
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   SINR 
                   ⁢ 
                   
                       
                   
                   ⁢ 
                   
                     1 
                     n 
                   
                 
                 = 
                 
                   
                     
                       W 
                       1 
                       2 
                     
                     · 
                     
                       PL 
                       n 
                       0 
                     
                     · 
                     
                       
                         X 
                         n 
                         2 
                       
                       _ 
                     
                   
                   
                     μ 
                     + 
                     
                       
                         W 
                         1 
                         2 
                       
                       · 
                       
                         
                           ∑ 
                           
                             i 
                             ≠ 
                             0 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           
                             PL 
                             n 
                             i 
                           
                           · 
                           
                             
                               X 
                               n 
                               
                                 i 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                     
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 2 
                               
                             
                             _ 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
             
               
                 ( 
                 8 
                 ) 
               
             
           
         
       
     
   
   In Equation (8), PL n   i  is a signal attenuation component (that is, a pass loss) between a transmitter and a receiver of an i th  neighbor BS of a cell, to which the n th  sub-carrier signal X n  is allocated in the IEEE 802.16e communication system, and  X n   i2    is an average power of the sub-carrier signal X n  of the i th  neighbor BS. As can be seen from Equation (8), when the frequency reuse factor 1 is employed, all sub-carrier resources are simultaneously used in all BSs, so the noise component is significantly smaller than the interference component, making it possible to disregard the noise component. When the noise component is disregarded, the SINR 1   n  is represented by Equation (9): 
   
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     SINR 
                     ⁢ 
                     
                         
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       1 
                       n 
                     
                   
                   ≅ 
                   
                     
                       
                         W 
                         1 
                         2 
                       
                       · 
                       
                         PL 
                         n 
                         0 
                       
                       · 
                       
                         
                           X 
                           n 
                           2 
                         
                         _ 
                       
                     
                     
                       
                         W 
                         1 
                         2 
                       
                       · 
                       
                         
                           ∑ 
                           
                             i 
                             ≠ 
                             0 
                           
                         
                         ⁢ 
                         
                           
                             PL 
                             n 
                             i 
                           
                           · 
                           
                             
                               X 
                               n 
                               
                                 i 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 
                                     
                                 
                                 ⁢ 
                                 2 
                               
                             
                             _ 
                           
                         
                       
                     
                   
                 
                 = 
                 
                   
                     
                       PL 
                       n 
                       0 
                     
                     · 
                     
                       
                         X 
                         n 
                         2 
                       
                       _ 
                     
                   
                   
                     
                       ∑ 
                       
                         i 
                         ≠ 
                         0 
                       
                     
                     ⁢ 
                     
                       
                         PL 
                         n 
                         i 
                       
                       · 
                       
                         
                           X 
                           n 
                           
                             i 
                             ⁢ 
                             
                                 
                             
                             ⁢ 
                             2 
                           
                         
                         _ 
                       
                     
                   
                 
               
             
             
               
                 ( 
                 9 
                 ) 
               
             
           
         
       
     
   
   As shown in Equation (9), the SINR 1   n  is not influenced by variation of the weight W 1 . In addition, intensity and interference/noise components of the signal may be lowered due to the weight W 1  even when the noise components are relatively large, so reduction of the SlNR 1   n  is less than the improvement S[dB] of the SINR 3   n . In particular, where R 1 &gt;R 3 , that is, when the number of the sub-carriers with the frequency reuse factor 3 is smaller than the number of the sub-carriers with the frequency reuse factor 1, the reduction of SINR 1   n  is further decreased. 
   Hereinafter, a procedure of allocating the transmission power according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to  FIG. 10  which is a flowchart illustrating the procedure. 
   In  FIG. 10 , it is assumed that the IEEE 802.16e communication system employs the frequency reuse factors of 1 and K. In step  1011 , the transmitter of the OFDAM communication system decides an amount of SINRK n  improvement in relation to the sub-carrier signal X n  with the frequency reuse factor K. Herein, the amount of SINRK n  improvement is defined as S[dB]. In step  1013 , the transmitter decides the weight W n  for each sub-carrier in such a manner that the weight W n  satisfies the S[dB] of the SINRK n . Since the procedure of deciding the weight W n  has already been described above, it will not be further described below. In step  1015 , the transmitter applies the weight W n  to the sub-carriers and transmits the sub-carriers to the receiver. 
   As described above, according to the present invention, the OFDMA communication system employs multiple frequency reuse factors to control transmission power allocation corresponding to the frequency reuse factors, thereby controlling the SINR according to the frequency reuse factors. That is, the weight applied to the sub-carriers with a higher frequency reuse factor is increased, thereby improving the SINR and transmission efficiency of the system. 
   While the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.