Abstract:
A rotary apparatus adapted to perform as, compressor, pump, motor or an internal combustion engine; said apparatus comprising of two vanes, two hollow cylindrical sleeves, hollow cylindrical liner, cams and associated linkages, couplings, shaft, clutch and braking/locking arrangement; said vanes are fitted on to the curved surface of the sleeves, one vane on each sleeve, such that the vanes are radial to sleeve&#39;s curved surface and at one of the ends of each sleeve so that the vane&#39;s surface protrudes out of the sleeve&#39;s end; said sleeves placed such that their ends, fitted with vanes are placed adjacent, with the vanes angularly displaced; said vanes are placed inside a liner; said liner&#39;s inner surface is contoured along the path traced by vane edge while rotating about the said axis; said inner surface allows rotation of the vanes about the said axis; said vanes divide the said enclosure formed inside the liner into two sealed chambers; enclosure; said two sleeves, are coupled and uncoupled with a shaft by means of coupling arrangement actuated by cams or other timing devices; said cams or timing devices are dependent on sleeve position; said cams or timing devices actuate said braking/locking arrangements such that each vane is held at a predetermined position alternately, and the vanes are free to rotate through a defined angle alternately; said cams or timing devices allow both vanes to rotate simultaneously through a predefined angle; said cams or timing devices defines the angle by which the vanes are separated, rotated simultaneously or independently.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     This invention relates generally to a rotary apparatus, adapted to perform as compressor, pump, motor metering device or an internal combustion engine and more particularly to a radial vane type rotary fluid handling device characterized by two sleeves fitted with vanes such that they are independent of each other and relative motion between the vanes is used to achieve thermodynamic gas cycles.  
       FEATURE OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     It is a feature of the present invention to achieve a typical gas cycle as in conventional internal combustion engines, compressor etc, using parts described further. The parts and their arrangement in this apparatus are such that it is possible to achieve different gas cycles during its operation, by movement of a set of cam followers, timing device.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     A rotary apparatus, adapted to perform as, compressor, pump, motor, metering device or an internal combustion engine comprising of two identical vanes, two hollow cylindrical sleeves, hollow cylindrical liner, cams and associated linkages, couplings, shaft, clutch and braking arrangement; said vanes are fitted on to the curved surface of the sleeves, one vane on each sleeve, such that the vanes are radial to sleeve&#39;s curved surface and at one of the ends of each sleeve in such a way that half of the vane&#39;s surface protrudes out of the sleeve&#39;s end; and the said ends, fitted with vanes are placed adjacent, with the vanes angularly displaced so that said vanes are displaced from each other by a defined angle at all times; said sleeves so placed that their axis, the one passing through the center of their end surfaces, lay on one line; said curved surfaces where the vanes are attached on the sleeves, is such that it allows rotation of the adjacent vane and sleeve, about the said axis; a liner is provide; said liner along with the sleeve surface to form an enclosure; said liner&#39;s inner surface is contoured along the path traced by vane edge while rotating about the said axis; said vanes divide the said enclosure formed inside the liner into two sealed chambers and enclosure is sealed from spaces outside the enclosure; said two sleeves, are coupled and uncoupled with. a shaft by means of coupling arrangement actuated by came; said cams are placed on and, or driven by the sleeves; said cams actuate said braking arrangement such that each vane is held at a predetermined position alternately, and the vanes are free to rotate through an defined angle alternately; said cams allows both vanes to rotate simultaneously through an redefined angle and defines the angle by which the vanes are separated, rotated simultaneously or independently. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0004]      FIG. 1  shows elevation and side view of a sleeve according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0005]      FIG. 2  shows an elevation and side view of liner.  
         [0006]      FIG. 3  shows an elevation and side view of the vane.  
         [0007]      FIG. 4  shows the vane and sleeve fitting.  
         [0008]      FIG. 5  shows the liner, vane and sleeve assembly. a) Liner  
         [0009]      FIG. 6  is a line diagram of liner, vane and sleeve.  
         [0010]      FIG. 7  shows v 1  and v 2  at initial position with an inclusive angle of 2 alpha between them.  
         [0011]      FIG. 8  is a line diagram of initial movement of v 1 .  
         [0012]      FIG. 9  is a line diagram with v 1  at position z.  
         [0013]      FIG. 10  is a line diagram with v 1  and v 2  at position Y and position X respectively.  
         [0014]      FIG. 11  shows v 1  and v 2  moving simultaneously from position Y and position Z respectively.  
         [0015]      FIG. 12  shows v 2  and v 1 at position Y and position X respectively (initial position).  
         [0016]      FIG. 13  shows a shaft placed in hollow annular space of the sleeve.  
         [0017]      FIG. 13   a  is a simplified diagram of the cams fitted on sleeves. a) FL  1 -follower of cam C  1 . b) FL 2 -follower of cam C 2 .  
         [0018]      FIG. 13   b  is a line diagram of a typical vane positioning CAM.  
         [0019]      FIG. 14  shows the sliding friction clutch. a) SL-splines b) Fp-Friction pad  
         [0020]      FIG. 15  is a further drawing.  
         [0021]      FIG. 16  is a further drawing.  
         [0022]      FIGS. 17-23  show the various steps of apparatus working as single stroke IC engine. a) ExV-Exhaust valve b) SuV-Suction valve.  
         [0023]     FIGS.  24 - 31 -show the various steps when apparatus working as Two stroke IC engine. a) E 1 , E 2 -Exhaust Valves c) Su 1 , Su 2 -Suction valves.  
         [0024]      FIG. 32   a  shows a different view of the cam operating suction valve and exhaust valve of single stroke IC engine. a) Pr-Profile b) Bc-Base circle.  
         [0025]      FIG. 32   b  shows an outline view of cams for operating valves and cams for positioning vanes, fitted on sleeve.  
         [0026]      FIG. 33  shows a different view of cam operating valves for two stroke engine. a) PrS-Profile for suction valve. b) PrE-Profile for exhaust valve.  
         [0027]      FIG. 34  shows a sleeve without depression. a) CSF-Curved surface.  
         [0028]      FIG. 35  shows a sleeve with depression b) st-step on sleeve c) Flo-cooling fluid outlet hole d) Rcf-receiving cone for sliding friction clutch. e) Fli-cooling fluid inlet line f) DPr-depression.  
         [0029]      FIG. 36  shows a vane a) stvs-strip to fit vane on sleeve b) Pis-Piston. c) Grps-groove for fitting piston rings.  
         [0030]      FIG. 37  shows a liner. a) SOH-split on outer half; b) PKV-pocket for valve; c) OH capital-Piter j a; f and, d) SIH-split on inner half. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0031]     Initially the parts, their arrangement and functions are described and depicted with the help of simplified geometric figures for easy perception and latter the machine parts are described in detail.  
         [0032]     The basic parts are:  1 . Sleeve  2 . Liner. Vane  4 . Cams  5 . Couplings  1 ) Sleeve. There are two numbers of sleeves. A hollow cylinder of outer diameter ‘d’ length ‘I’ and thickness‘t’ depicts these sleeves. Hereafter the two sleeves are referred as S 1  and S 2 .  
         [0033]     The Sleeves are depicted in  FIG. 12 ) Liner The liner is depicted by hollow cylinder of inner diameter “D”, length by “L” and thickness “T” with circular cover plates on both ends. The cover plates have a hole of diameter “d”. (The whole diameter is same as that of sleeve&#39;s outer diameter). The liner is depicted in  FIG. 2 .  
         [0034]      3 ) Vanes. There are two numbers of Vanes. The vanes are depicted by a rectangular plane of length ‘L” and width “r” such that r=(D−d/2. Hereafter the two vanes are referred to as V I and V 2 . Shown in  FIG. 3 .  
         [0035]     The half length of one edge (of length ‘L’) of V 1 , V 2  is rigidly fixed on S 1 , S 2  respectively, such that a) The plane (of surface) of V  1 , V 2  is radial to S 1 , S 2 . b) V  1 , V 2  are fitted on one of the two ends of S  1 , S 2 . c) Half length of fixed edge projects out of the sleeve end.  
         [0036]     The V 1 , S 1  fitting is here referred to as VS 1 , The V 2 , S 2  fitting is here referred to as VS 2  The Vane and Sleeve fitting is depicted in  FIG. 4 .  
         [0037]      0 VS 1  and VS 2  are fitted in the liner, such that a) V I and V 2  are inside the liner, b) The three edges (other than the one fitted rigidly to sleeve) of both vanes, touch the inner surface of the liner, c) Half length of vane edge (the one projecting out of the sleeve ends) touch the outer curved surfaces of facing sleeve, d) The ends surfaces of the sleeves present inside the liner touch each other, e) Lengths of (1−L/2) of both sleeves project out of the end cover plate holes of liner, and f) The axis passing through the center of the circular ends of liner, S  1  and S 2  is collinear. Hereafter this axis is referred as Central axis.  
         [0038]     The line diagram of isometric view of liner, vane and sleeve fitting is depicted in  FIG. 5 .  
         [0039]     VS 1  and VS 2  separate the space inside the liner into two parts. It is assumed that a) Both the spaces are isolated from each other and to the annular space of the sleeves i.e. no fluid can leak past from the sides of the vanes, nor through the end surfaces of the sleeves, touching each other inside the liner. b) The spaces inside the liner are isolated from the space outside the liner.  
         [0040]     Hereafter the space on right side (clockwise side) of a vane is addressed as space ahead of vane; similarly the space on the left-hand side (counter clockwise side) of the vane is addressed as space behind of vane.  
         [0041]     The simplified line diagram of side view of liner, VS 1 , VS 2  fitting (with vanes depicted by radial lines) is depicted in  FIG. 6 .  
         [0042]     The description of functioning of various components of the machine with help of simplified line diagrams of side view of liner with vanes (as in  FIG. 6 ) is as follows.  
         [0043]     Initial position Initially V 1 , V 2  are placed part by 2 alpha degrees, such that a) VI, V 2  lie on either side of the vertical plane, b) The vertical plane bisects the inclusive angle between V 1  and V 2 .  
         [0044]     This Initial position of the V 1  is hereafter referred to as ‘POSITION X, and that of V 2  as ‘POSITION Y’: the above mentioned is depicted in  FIG. 7 .  
         [0045]     Now VS  1  is rotated about its central axis in clockwise direction.  
         [0046]     This leads to reduction of volume of space ahead of V I and increase in volume of space behind V 1 , thus any gaseous fluid present in these spaces gets compressed and rarefied respectively. This compression and expansion form a part of the thermodynamic gas cycle. The above mentioned is depicted in  FIG. 8 .  
         [0047]     As VS 1  is rotated through (360-4 alpha) degrees it is in a position, referred to as “POSTION Z’ hereafter. On attaining this position both VS 1  and VS 2  are rotated. The same is depicted in  FIG. 9 .  
         [0048]     When VS 1 , VS 2  reach POSITION Y, POSITION X respectively, VS 1  is stopped and VS 2  continues to rotate.  
         [0000]     The same is depicted in  FIG. 10 .  
         [0049]     Like VS 1 , when VS 2  attains POSITION Z, then both VS 1  &amp; VS 2  are rotated till they attain POSITION X &amp; POSITION Y respectively.  
         [0050]     The same is depicted in  FIG. 11  and No.  12 .  
         [0051]     Now VS 1  start&#39;s rotating and the full cycle is repeated.  
         [0052]     On continuously rotating the vanes in this fashion, the two vanes are simultaneously at POSITION X, POSITION Y and POSITION X alternately, one in every 360-degree rotation of any of the two vanes. The vanes attaining initial position once in every rotation facilitates placement of accessories like injector, valves/ports, etc, at fixed, well defined points on the liner.  
         [0053]     Heat is added to compressed gases trapped between vanes at POSITION X and POSITION Y.  
         [0054]     The inclusive angle of 2 alpha between VI and V 2  is of particular importance, as this is the minimum angle of separation between vanes at all times (i.e. vane can only reach a position where it is at an angle of 2 alpha from the other vane and not less than 2 alpha).  
         [0055]     This angle of separation defines the compression ratio. By altering this angle, Compression ratio can be changed (with volume inside liner and sleeve&#39;s outside diameter, maintained constant) By placing conventional suction (Intake), delivery (exhaust)/Valves, ports/Fuel Injector, (Spark Plug) at suitable points on the liner, the machine acts as compressor or internal combustion engine or motor.  
         [0056]     The above-mentioned pattern of vane movements and a continual rotary output is achieved with help components, described below.  
         [0057]      6 ) Shaft  7 ) Cams and associated linkages  8 ) Sliding friction clutch  9 ) brake bands Shaft The shaft is of length ‘A’ and diameter ‘B) such that ‘A’ &amp; gt; 2 times ‘I’ and ‘B’ 9 &amp; lt; {‘d’-‘t’). are dimension&#39;s of the sleeve) The shaft passes through the hollow annular space in the sleeves and protrudes out of the ends. It is depicted in  FIG. 13 .  
         [0058]     Cams Two no cams are used, one fitted on each sleeve.  
         [0059]     The cams are concentric to the sleeve and its profile is negative and the profile ends makes an angle of 4 alpha to the center. Cam fitted on S 1 , S 2  are named as C 1 , C 2  respectively. The place bisecting the profile of C 1  is parallel to the plane of the vane V 1 .  
         [0060]     Similarly the plane bisecting the profile of C 2  is parallel to the plane of the vane V 2 . This shown in  FIG. 13   a.    
         [0061]     The cam followers actuate linkages so as to engage and disengage the sleeves with the shaft. At the same time actuating brake bands to hold and release the sleeves.  
         [0062]     Description of cam operation follows. When V 1  is at POSTION X the follower of C 1  is just out of the profile, disengaging S 2  from the shaft and engaging brake bands so as to hold S 2  at rest. On V 1  reaching POSITION Z, follower of c 1  rides on the profile releasing brake band of S 2  and engaging it with the shaft. Now both the sleeves rotate.  
         [0063]     As V 2  brake band holds it stationary. At this point follower of C 1  is at center of profile i.e. on line bisecting the profile. The process is repeated and desired movement of VS 1  &amp; amp; VS 2 , as mentioned earlier, is achieved.  
         [0064]     It is seen that the angle of profile defines the angle 2 alpha degrees i.e. the minimum angle of separation of the vanes is equal to the angle that the beginning and end of profile makes to the center of the cam. This angle of profile if increased decreases the compression ratio and vice versa. The cam is so shaped that angle of the profile gradually increases and thus moving the cam follower along the central axis results in variation of compression ratio.  
         [0065]     The cam is shown in  FIG. 13   b.    
         [0066]     Sliding friction clutch. There are two sliding friction clutch. The clutches are fitted on the shaft, one on each of its ends. The friction clutch has slots on its inner diameter and makes sliding fit on similar splines on the shaft. The shape and features of sliding friction clutch are shown in  FIG. 14 . The sleeve end surface is conically shaped so as to receive the conical surface of sliding friction clutch i.e. the angle of cone (negative on sleeve and positive on sliding friction clutch) is equal. When the clutch is pressed by linkages, operated by cams, against the sleeve, the friction between sleeve and clutch surfaces engages the shaft and sleeve.  
         [0067]     Brake bands. Brake bands or means of positive locking by means of conventional ratchet arrangement is used to keep the sleeve immobile when it is at rest.  
         [0068]     The brake band is a strip with friction pad lining on its inner surface has a small worlcing clearance from the surface of the sleeve. A lever against a spring force maintains the clearance.  
         [0069]     Valves The valves used are same as that used in conventional reciprocatory I. C. engines. Circles on the end cover plates of the liner depict the valves/ports.  
         [0070]     The parts of this engine can be arranged so as to result in either a single stroke or a two-stroke engine. a) Sin le stroke There are two valves installed on the liner, one suction and one exhaust. They are angularly displaced by an angle of beta. The exhaust valve lies in the space behind vane at POSITION X and ahead of vane at POSITION Y. The valves are opened and closed, so as to communicate the space inside the liner to space outside it. Linkages actuated by cams and its followers open them.  
         [0071]     Step- 1 ) Initially V 1  and V 2  are at POSITION X and POSITION Y. Please refer to  FIG. 17 . The Fig. also depicts the exhaust and suction valves installed on the liner. The suction and exhaust valves are in closed position.  
         [0072]     Now V I is rotated. The gases ahead of V 1  gets compressed.  
         [0073]     Step- 2 ) As VI reaches a position such that it makes an angle of theta to POSITION Z, the exhaust and suction valves open. This position of vane is referred as POSITION Z 1  here after. The angle theta is such that the vane has rotated past the suction valve and space ahead of rotating vane is sealed from suction valve. Please refer to  FIG. 18 .  
         [0074]     Step- 3 ) On VI reaching POSITION Z the suction and discharge valves are closed.  
         [0075]     Please refer  FIG. 19 .  
         [0076]     Step- 4 ) Now both vanes rotate and V 1  and V 2  reach POSITION Y and POSITION X respectively. Please refer to  FIG. 20 .  
         [0077]     At this point heat is added to the compressed gas (similar to conventional I. C. engines).  
         [0078]     The injector/spark plug is placed on the liner between POSITION X and POSITION Y.  
         [0079]     Now V 2  rotates. The gases behind V 2  expand and ahead of V 2  gets compressed. The expanding gases push V 2 . This is the power stroke for V 2 .  
         [0080]     Step-S) As V 2  reaches POSITION Z 1  exhaust and suction valves open. Exhaust in space behind V 2  is scavenged and fresh charge is introduced. Shown in  FIG. 21 .  
         [0081]     Step R-6) This process takes places till V 2  reaches POSITION Z and exhaust and suction valves are closed as shown in  FIG. 22 .  
         [0082]     Step- 7 ) Now both V 2 , VI rotate and reach POSITION Y, POSITION X respectively.  
         [0083]     This is the initial position. V 2  is now put to rest. Heat addition to the compressed gases ahead of V 2  takes place now. Please refer to  FIG. 23 .  
         [0084]     Now power stroke for V  1  starts.  
         [0085]     Now steps- 1  to Step- 7  repeats successively.  
         [0086]     The position of valves with respect to vertical plane, the initial position of vanes, angles alpha and theta and volume of spaces inside the liner, are such that the compressed gas or combustible gaseous charge (compression and expansion is assumed to be adiabatic) can result in spontaneous ignition, either by self ignition or by spark as in conventional I. C. engines. b) Two stroke There are two valves, one suction and one exhaust installed on the liner. They are angularly displaced by an angle gamma.  
         [0087]     The suction valves lies in the space behind vane when the vane is at POSITION X. space outside it. Linkages actuated by cams and its followers open them.  
         [0088]     For each understanding of mechanism involved, two suction and two exhaust valves are shown in the Fig. They are names Su 1 , Su 2 , E 1 , E 2 .  
         [0089]     Step- 1 ) Initially V 1 , V 2  are at POSITION X, POSITION Y respectively. Please refer to  FIG. 24 .  
         [0090]     Now rotation of V 1  is initiated, at the same time Su 1  opens. All remaining valves are closed at this point. The vacuum created behind VI, due to its rotation, sucks in charge.  
         [0091]     The gas ahead of V 1  gets compressed.  
         [0092]     Step- 2 ) As V 1  reaches POSITION Z, SU  1  IS CLOSED. Shown in  FIG. 25 .  
         [0093]     Step- 3 ) Both V 1 , V 2  now rotate and reach at POSITION Y, POSITION X respectively.  
         [0094]     Heat is now added to compressed gases inside the liner. (Ignition of charge). VI is now stopped and V 2  rotates. This is the power stroke for V 2  as shown in  FIG. 26 .  
         [0095]     Step- 4 ) As V 2  rotates gas ahead of V 2  gets compressed. V 2  reaches POSITION Z as shown in  FIG. 27 .  
         [0096]     Step- 5 ) Now both V 2 , V 1  rotate, reach POSITION Y, POSITION X respectively. Heat is now added to compressed gas ahead of V 2  (Ignition of charge. E 2  is now opened as shown in  FIG. 28 ).  
         [0097]     Now V 1  is rotated and V 2  is stationary. The gases behind V 1  expand (power stroke for V 1 ) and the gas ahead of V 1  is expelled (heat rejection occurs).  
         [0098]     Step- 6 ) As V I reaches POSITION Z, E 2  closes. Shown in  FIG. 29 .  
         [0099]     Step- 7 ) Both VI, V 2  rotate to reach POSITION Y, POSITION X respectively. At this point E 1  and Su 2  opens. Now V 1  stops and V 2  rotates.  
         [0100]     V 2  now expels exhaust ahead of it and sucks new charge behind it as shown in  FIG. 30 .  
         [0101]     Step- 8 ) When V 2  reaches to POSITION Z, E 1  and Su 2  are now closed as shown in  FIG. 31 .  
         [0102]     Step- 9 ) Both VI and V 2  rotate and reach POSITION X and POSITION V respectively i.e. the initial position. Now step  1  to step  9  is repeated.  
         [0103]     1. The volume inside the liner, minimum angle of separation if altered results in change of compression ratio.  
         [0104]     In both type of above mentioned engines valves are opened and closed by linkages actuated by cams. As the valve function depends on vane position, individual Cams for each of the vanes is fitted on their respective sleeve or fitted on separate shafts, driven by its respective sleeve.  
         [0105]     The cam for operating suction and exhaust valve of single stroke type engine is shown in  FIG. 32   a . The cam for operating suction and exhaust valve of two stroke type engine is shown in  FIG. 33 . The out line Fig. of cams for operating valves and POSITION cams is shown in  FIG. 32   b.    
         [0106]     Cams for single stroke engine There are two cams, namely ‘Ca  1 ’ and“Ca  2 ’ placed S  1  and S  2  respectively, Ca  1  actuate linkages for opening and closing suction and exhaust valves when V 1  rotates. Ca  2  actuate linkages for opening and closing suction and exhaust valves when V 2  rotates.  
         [0107]     There are two profiles on each cam, axially displaced such that the path traced by a profile during its full rotation does not intersect or interfere, with that of the other profile.  
         [0108]     The profiles makes an angle of theta to the center of the cam.  
         [0109]     The followers of cams are so placed that when a vane reaches POSITION Z 1 , it begins to ride over the profile thus actuating valves. There are two similar cams, for operating fuel pumps.  
         [0110]     Cams for two stroke engine There are two cams, namely Cf 1  and Cf 2 .  
         [0111]     The cams are rigidly fixed on two shafts independent of each other. The shaft having Cf 1  fitted on it is driven by S and shaft having Cf 2  fitted on it is driven by S 2 . As it is observed that each valve is operated once every 720 degrees of rotation the shaft is driven at half the speed of that of the sleeves. There are two profiles on each of the two cams. There are two profiles on each cam, axially displaced such that the path traced by a profile during its full rotation does not intersect or interfere with that of the other profile.  
         [0112]     The profile for such valve makes an angle of (180-2 alpha) degrees to the center of the cam. If the follower is so placed that when the vane is vertical (i.e. at angle of alpha from POSITION X) the follower is angularly displaced by half alpha degrees from the beginning of the profile.  
         [0113]     As the exhaust valve opens only after a vane undergoes power stroke and reaches POSITION V and it remains open till the vane is at that position, the profile is at (180+alpha) degrees from the end of the profile for suction valve. Please refer to  FIG. 33 .  
         [0114]     There are two similar cams, for operating fuel pumps, placed on shaft having Cf 1  and Cf 2 .  
         [0115]     The detail description of parts now follows.  
         [0116]     The parts, their fitting arrangement and exploded view of fittings are illustrated in  FIGS. 34-51 .  
         [0117]     SLEEVE. The sleeve as described earlier is a hollow cylinder, but has step of larger diameter at one of its ends. The end surface at the larger diameter end is curved such that it forms a quarter of a circular hollow ring. The other end surface is conically shaped, same as that of the sliding friction clutch. The curved surface at the larger end has two depression. A sleeve without depression is shown in  FIG. 34 A  sleeve with depression is shown in  FIG. 35 .  
         [0118]     VANES. As previously described there are two vanes, rigidly fixed on the sleeves (one on each sleeve) and is required to rotate with the sleeve, inside the liner. As described earlier the vane while rotating is required to sweep the volume inside the liner.  
         [0119]     It constitutes of a circular plate of diameter less than ‘h’. It is attached to a strip which is to be rigidly fixed on to the sleeve&#39;s curved surfaced left uncovered by the liner. Two pistons with grooves are attached to the vane on the opposite sides of vane plate. Piston rings, same as those used in conventional I. C. engines, are fitted in the grooves. The piston rings press against the liner timer surface. Shown in  FIG. 36 .  
         [0120]     LINER. The liner is of the shape of a hollow circular quoit/ring (a pipe of circular cross section bent and its ends joined so as to form a hollow circular ring). The inner diameter of the liner hollow (the pipe diameter) is‘h’.  
         [0121]     It is split in outer and inner halves for easy fitting and disassembly. The inner half is further split into two quarters. The outer half and inner quarters are further split.  
         [0122]     The outer and inner halves have steps so as to malce the inner surface overlapping at the ends. Thin polished strips are fitted at the interfaces which rub against each other during operation. The face to face contact of these strips seals of spaces inside the liner from spaces outside.  
         [0123]     The ends are stepped, so as to make the ends overlapping. Clearance is provided at ends to make up for thermal expansion. The ends are made zig zag so that the piston rings (pressing against the inner surface of the liner) can smoothly pass over them during vane rotation. The liner is illustrated in  FIG. 37 .  
         [0124]     A section of the liner is illustrated in  FIG. 38 .  
         [0125]     A section of the split ends is shown in  FIG. 39 .  
         [0126]     One quarter of the liner fits on a sleeve and the outer surface of liner is flush with the curved surface of the sleeve&#39;s end face. The quarter portion of the liner that fits on the sleeve, covers the whole curved surface of the sleeve except a small strip where the vane is to be fitted. Liner and vane are fitted on the curved surface of the sleeve and the depression is fully covered by the liner. The depressions now form pockets for cooling fluid. The pockets are communicated to supply and return lines through holes in the sleeves.  
         [0127]     The exploded isometric view of a sleeve and liner inner quarter fitting is illustrated in  FIG. 40 .  
         [0128]     The exploded isometric view of a sleeve, vane and liner inner quarter fitting is illustrated in  FIG. 41 .  
         [0129]     The exploded isometric, view of two sleeves and liner inner quarter fitting, with vanes fitted in place is illustrated in  FIG. 42 .  
         [0130]     The isometric view of the sleeve, vane and liner inner quarter fitting is illustrated in  FIG. 43 .  
         [0131]     The angular displacement between the radial plane of the grooves of a vane is such that rings fitted in them, press against the inner quarter of the liner, fitted on the same sleeve on which the vane is fitted i.e. the distance between the grooves of a vane fitted on a sleeve, is move than the width of the strip left uncovered by the liner inner quarter fitted on the sleeve.  
         [0132]     The liner&#39;s outer half and inner quarters are flanged along the splitting lines. The flanges of inner quarter rest against corresponding surfaces of the sleeve. Dowel pins on the sleeve surface restrict the liner inner quarter from slipping during operation. The pins are provided only at one end leaving the other end free to expand during operation.  
         [0133]     The liner&#39;s outer half is placed over the inner half and the former is enclosed in a casing.  
         [0134]     The casing is held together by fasteners at its flanges.  
         [0135]     The flanges of the outer half are further extended to provide a flange parallel to the step on the sleeve.  
         [0136]     These flanges are fitted with bolts so as to press a sliding ring against step on the sleeve.  
         [0137]     Thus pressing the two sleeves against each other. (Rollers can be provided at the sliding ring and sleeve interface to reduce friction).  
         [0138]     The exploded isometric view of the outer half of liner and sliding ring, over the sleeve, vane and liner inner half fitting is shown in  FIG. 44 .  
         [0139]     The exploded isometric view of the components in the previous Fig. and the casing is shown in  FIG. 45 .  
         [0140]     Illustrated in  FIG. 46  is isometric view of cam and valve operating cam fitting on the sleeve.  
         [0141]     Illustrated in  FIG. 47  is isometric view of complete vane assembly fitted on to sleeves with cams valve operating cams and fuel pump operating cam.  
         [0142]     Illustrate in  FIG. 48  is top view of the machine, with two parts of liner outer half over the fitting shown in  FIG. 47 .  
         [0143]     Illustrated in  FIG. 49  is front view of components arrangement shown in previous Fig. along with shaft and sliding friction clutch.  
         [0144]     Illustrated in  FIG. 50  is isometric view of machine with casing in place.  
         [0145]     Illustrated in  FIG. 51  is side view of the machine with shaft arranged as in two stroke engine.  
       Advantages  
       [0146]     The rotary I. C. engine has many advantages, including, but not limited to, 
        1. Compression ratio can be altered during operation by sliding of followers of cams.     2. There is no reversal of inertia forces.     3. It is possible to reverse the engine easily, that is angularly displacing the CAM profiles w. r. t. CAM followers thus eliminating gearing arrangements.     4. As the shaft is long the weight of the shaft by itself can serve the purpose of fly wheel.     5. The size of the engines is considerably smaller than conventional engines of same power output.     6. There is no need to maintain large lubricating oil slumps.     7. As the vanes are rigidly fixed to sleeve there is no slapping of vane, as is the case with pistons on liner in conventional I. C. engines. This results in reduced noise and vibration levels.