Abstract:
A mounting system for a component to be mounted to a vehicle frame is provided utilizing keyhole features in the component, and fasteners having sacrificial spacers in the vehicle frame. The sacrificial spacers upon the fasteners prevent them from being pushed into the vehicle frame when the component having keyhole features is placed over them. Once the keyhole features have been placed over the fasteners having sacrificial spacers, the fasteners having sacrificial spacers may be fully tightened, thereby fully contributing to the integrity of the resulting joint. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    Medium and heavy duty vehicles, as well as some light duty pickup trucks and sport utility vehicles, are commonly built using the basic and longstanding design of a vehicle frame supporting a separate body, running gear, and powertrain. Often, during the process of manufacturing the vehicle certain components, such as battery boxes, fuel tank assemblies, fluid reservoirs, and exhaust supports are attached to the vehicle frame subsequent to its assembly. These components may even be added following installation of the running gear and powertrain, such that it is important that the vehicle undergoing construction remain upright. Because of this, and because the components to be attached to the vehicle frame are usually quite heavy, various techniques have been devised to assist in their installation. 
         [0002]    Examples of techniques or devises used to temporarily support components to be attached to a vehicle frame during the process of installation include powered lifts or hoists, or fixtures either attached to the vehicle frame or located along the vehicle assembly line. Alternately, smaller brackets, referred to as alignment brackets, are sometimes first attached to the vehicle frame, and followed by attaching the heavier components to the alignment brackets. These alignment brackets may be provided with features that allow the heavier components to remain in place prior to installation and tightening of any fasteners. It is even known to use one or more shoulder bolts in conjunction with keyhole features located in the component to be attached to the vehicle frame, such that the keyhole is placed over the shoulder bolt and the component is left hanging thereupon, until such time as any fasteners may be installed and tightened. 
         [0003]    Each of the prior art techniques or devises have one or more drawbacks. Powered lifts or hoists are expensive and add operator time to the cost of manufacturing the vehicle. Fixtures similarly must be designed, built, handled, maintained, removed, and stored, each of which activities add to the cost of the vehicle being manufactured. Alignment brackets add considerably to the cost of manufacturing a vehicle having a vehicle frame, as they add the cost of usually at least two additional pieces, including the associated manufacturing, engineering, and logistics costs. Also, alignment brackets add to stack-up of manufacturing tolerances and increase the number of potentially fallible joints in the assembly. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    It is advantageous in the design and construction of vehicles having vehicle frames to provide a way to temporarily support any heavy components that may need to be installed subsequent to assembly of the vehicle frame. It is further advantageous that any technique or devise that is provided to fulfill this function be inexpensive and easy to install. It has been noted that prior art shoulder bolts and keyhole features have effectively if inefficiently fulfilled this function in such manner. The key drawback to prior art shoulder bolts and keyhole features is the fact that once the remaining conventional fasteners that attach the heavy component to the vehicle frame are tightened, the prior art shoulder bolts and keyhole features contribute nothing to the integrity of the joint. Therefore, once they have done their job at the time of installation, prior art shoulder bolts and keyhole features are entirely redundant and unnecessary. 
         [0005]    An ineffective alternative to the shoulder bolt and keyhole is to use a conventional nut and non-shoulder bolt in conjunction with a keyhole feature in the component to be attached to the vehicle frame. The conventional nut and non-shoulder bolt is installed loosely, such that the keyhole feature may be placed over it and then tightened. The reason that this method is ineffective is because when the keyhole feature in the component to be attached to the vehicle frame is moved over the conventional nut and non-shoulder bolt, the nut and bolt tends to catch on the edges of the keyhole feature and slide inwards toward the vehicle frame. Thus, the installation becomes an awkward affair requiring more than one individual to accomplish. 
         [0006]    One embodiment of the present invention solves the problems of the prior art by providing a shoulder bolt that works in conjunction with a keyhole in a component to be attached to the vehicle frame, which shoulder bolt will not tend to slide inward toward the vehicle frame when the keyhole feature is placed over it, and which may have a nut fully tightened upon it, thereby becoming a full contributing member to the integrity of the joint. An embodiment of the present invention may be a bolt having a sacrificial spacer, such as shoulder made from an easily compressible, deformable, or extrudable material. The easily compressible, deformable, or extrudable material may be a polymer, rubber, soft plastic, wax, or the like. An alternate embodiment of the present invention may have a sacrificial spacer in the form of shoulder made from a crushable material, such as loosely sintered powder metal or porous ceramic. Yet another embodiment of the present invention may have a separate sacrificial spacer in the form of a sleeve made from an easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable material, which separate sacrificial sleeve functions in place of a sacrificial shoulder upon the bolt. Another embodiment may have an easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial spacer in the form of a shoulder attached to the nut, such that the bolt extends from within the vehicle frame, and the sacrificial shoulder attached to the nut overlaps a portion of the bolt, thereby functioning in the same manner as an easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder upon the bolt. 
         [0007]    In use, one or more shoulder bolts having a sacrificial spacer in the form of a shoulder made from an easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable material are installed into one or more holes in the vehicle frame. One or more compatible nuts are threaded onto the one or more sacrificial shoulder bolts sufficiently tightly to hold the sacrificial shoulder bolts in place, yet not tightly enough to compress or crush the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable material of which the sacrificial shoulder is made. Keyhole features provided in the component to be attached to the vehicle frame are placed over the head of the sacrificial shoulder bolts, allowing the component to hang from the sacrificial shoulder bolts, while the sacrificial shoulders made from an easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable material prevent the sacrificial shoulder bolts from catching on the edges of the keyhole features and being pushed back into the holes in the vehicle frame. Any remaining conventional fasteners affixing the component to be attached to the vehicle frame may then be installed and tightened. Finally, the nuts and shoulder bolts having sacrificial shoulders made from easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable materials are fully tightened. The sacrificial shoulders then either crush or extrude into the slots and clearances of the keyhole feature, allowing the shoulder bolts to become a fully contributing member to the integrity of the joint. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]    FIG.  1 —Vehicle having body, chassis, vehicle frame, and component to be attached to vehicle frame. 
           [0009]    FIG.  2 —Component to be attached to vehicle frame. 
           [0010]    FIG.  3 —Bolt with easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder. 
           [0011]    FIG.  4 —Bolt and easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial sleeve. 
           [0012]    FIG.  5 —Bolt and nut having easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder. 
           [0013]    FIG.  6 —Exploded view of component to be mounted to frame using keyhole feature and shoulder bolt having easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder. 
           [0014]    FIG.  7 —Exploded view of component to be mounted to frame using keyhole feature and bolt with easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial sleeve. 
           [0015]    FIG.  8 —Exploded view of component to be mounted to frame using keyhole feature and nut with easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder. 
           [0016]    FIG.  9 —Bolt with easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder, installed. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0017]      FIG. 1  shows a vehicle  101  having a body  102  and a chassis  103 . The chassis  103  is comprised of a vehicle frame  104 . One or more components  105  are attached to the vehicle frame  104 . 
         [0018]      FIG. 2  shows a component  105  intended to be attached to a vehicle frame  104  (not shown). The component  105  is provided with keyhole features  106  having slots  117  and clearances  118 , as well as regular mounting holes  108 . For illustrative purposes, conventional fasteners  107  are shown inserted in one of the keyhole features  106  and one of the regular mounting holes  108 , although such conventional fasteners  107  would not actually be inserted into the keyhole features  106  or the regular mounting holes  108  prior to installation of the component  105  onto the vehicle frame  104  (not shown). 
         [0019]      FIG. 3  shows a bolt  109  having an easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110 . The easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110  is located between the threaded portion of the body  111  and the head of the bolt  112 , and is of greater diameter than the nominal diameter of the threaded portion of the body  111  and of lesser diameter than the nominal diameter of the head of the bolt  112 . The easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110  may be made from polymer, rubber, soft plastic, wax, loosely sintered powder metal, or porous ceramic material, or any like material which qualifies as easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable. The easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110  may be bonded to, overmolded upon, or mechanically attached to the bolt  109 . 
         [0020]      FIG. 4  shows a bolt  109  and an easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial sleeve  113 . In use, the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial sleeve  113  is inserted over the bolt  109  so that it performs the same function as the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110  on the bolt  109  shown in  FIG. 3 . The easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial sleeve  113  shown in  FIG. 4  is again of greater diameter than the nominal diameter of the threaded portion of the body  111  and of lesser diameter than the nominal diameter of the head of the bolt  112 , and is again made from polymer, rubber, soft plastic, wax, loosely sintered powder metal, or porous ceramic material, or any like material which qualifies as easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable. 
         [0021]      FIG. 5  shows a bolt  109  and a nut  114  having an easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110 . The bolt  109  is a conventional bolt having a threaded portion  111  and a head  112 . The easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110  is attached to the nut  114 , and aligned axially with the threaded bore  115  of the nut  114 . The easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110  is of greater diameter than the nominal diameter of the threaded portion of the body  111  of the bolt  109  and of lesser diameter than the nominal diameter of the nut  114 , and is again made from polymer, rubber, soft plastic, wax, loosely sintered powder metal, or porous ceramic material, or any like material which qualifies as easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable. The easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110  may be bonded to, overmolded upon, or mechanically attached to the nut  114 . 
         [0022]      FIG. 6  shows a vehicle frame  104  and a component  105  to be mounted to the vehicle frame  104  in an exploded view. Bolts  109  having easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulders  110  are inserted into frame mounting holes  116 . Nuts  114  are threaded onto the bolts  109  having easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulders  110 , and are tightened sufficiently to retain the bolts  109 , but not tightly enough to compress or crush the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulders  110 . The component  105  to be mounted to the vehicle frame  104  is placed such that the keyhole features  106  having slots  117  and clearances  118  pass over the heads  112  of the bolts  109 , and rest upon the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulders  110 , thereby temporarily supporting the component  105 . Conventional fasteners  107  are then installed through regular mounting holes  108  (not visible in view) and through frame mounting holes  116  and are fully tightened. The nuts  114  upon the bolts  109  having easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulders  110  are then fully tightened, such that the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulders  110  either crush or extrude into the unoccupied slots  117  and clearances  118  of the keyhole features  106 , allowing the bolts  109  to become a fully contributing member to the integrity of the mounting of the component  105  to the vehicle frame  104 . 
         [0023]      FIG. 7  shows a vehicle frame  104  and a component  105  to be mounted to the vehicle frame  104  in an exploded view, similar to the vehicle frame  104  and component  105  shown in  FIG. 6 . Easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial sleeves  113  are placed over bolts  109 , which bolts  109  are inserted into frame mounting holes  116 . Nuts  114  are threaded onto the bolts  109 , and are tightened sufficiently to retain the bolts  109 , but not tightly enough to compress or crush the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial sleeves  113 . The component  105  to be mounted to the vehicle frame  104  is placed such that the keyhole features  106  having slots  117  and clearances  118  pass over the heads  112  of the bolts  109 , and rest upon the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial sleeves  113 , thereby temporarily supporting the component  105 . Conventional fasteners  107  are then installed through regular mounting holes  108  (not visible in view) and through frame mounting holes  116  and are fully tightened. The nuts  114  upon the bolts  109  are then fully tightened, such that the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial sleeves  113  either crush or extrude into the unoccupied slots  117  and clearances  118  of the keyhole features  106 , allowing the bolts  109  to become a fully contributing member to the integrity of the mounting of the component  105  to the vehicle frame  104 . 
         [0024]      FIG. 8  shows a vehicle frame  104  and a component  105  to be mounted to the vehicle frame  104  in an exploded view, similar to the vehicle frames  104  and components  105  shown in  FIG. 6  and  FIG. 7 . Bolts  109  are inserted into frame mounting holes  116  from within the vehicle frame  104 . Nuts  114  having easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulders  110  are threaded onto the bolts  109 , and are tightened sufficiently to retain the bolts  109 , but not tightly enough to compress or crush the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulders  110  of the nuts  114 . The component  105  to be mounted to the vehicle frame  104  is placed such that the keyhole features  106  having slots  117  and clearances  118  pass over the nuts  114 , and rest upon the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulders  110 , thereby temporarily supporting the component  105 . Conventional fasteners  107  are then installed through regular mounting holes  108  (not visible in view) and through frame mounting holes  116  and are fully tightened. The nuts  114  having easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulders  110  upon the bolts  109  are then fully tightened, such that the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulders  110  either crush or extrude into the unoccupied slots  117  and clearances  118  of the keyhole features  106 , allowing the bolts  109  to become a fully contributing member to the integrity of the mounting of the component  105  to the vehicle frame  104 . 
         [0025]      FIG. 9  shows a section of a vehicle frame  104  and a portion of the component  105  to be mounted to the vehicle frame  104 . The keyhole feature  106  having slots  117  and a clearance  118  has been placed over the head  112  of the bolt  109 , and the nut  114  (not visible) has been fully tightened. The easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110  is shown extruded from beneath the head  112  of the bolt  109  and at least partially into the slot  117  or clearance  118 . Alternately, if the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110  is instead crushed, the crushed remnants of the easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial shoulder  110  may flow into the slot  117  or clearance  118  of the keyhole feature  106 . 
         [0026]    While specific embodiments have been described in detail in the foregoing detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, those with ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various permutations of the invention are possible without departing from the teachings disclosed herein. Accordingly, the particular arrangements disclosed are meant to be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the invention, which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalents thereof. Other advantages to a vehicle equipped with a component mounting system utilizing keyhole features and easily compressible, deformable, extrudable, or crushable sacrificial spacers in the form of shoulder bolts, sleeves, or shoulder nuts may also be inherent in the invention, without having been described above.