Abstract:
An apparatus and method for verifying a customer&#39;s financial information is disclosed wherein a seller accepts information about the details of price and quantity of the goods to be purchased, and accepts information about customer&#39;s financial account. Payment is authorized for desired goods in two or more separate transactions, the amount of each transaction totaling the total price of the goods. Then the amount of each transaction is received from the customer and compared to the amount charged to the bank. If the two amounts match then the goods are shipped to the customer and payment is settled. In an alternative embodiment a ratio of the two amounts received from the customer is used rather than the amounts themselves to compensate for currency variations.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention is generally directed to methods of carrying out financial transactions over a computer network and more particularly transactions involving credit card, debit card or electronic funds transfer from bank accounts.  
           [0003]    2. Discussion of the Prior Art  
           [0004]    Increasingly buyers and sellers involved in commerce are turning to the internet to conduct their business electronically in a relatively fast and quick manner. The internet is particularly attractive to buyers because it provides a vast knowledge base from which they can research and find information about perspective purchases of various goods. Time can be saved because the consumer does not have to travel to various places such as a library or store to obtain information regarding the various goods to be purchased. Indeed, the entire process of shopping for goods and services can be completed using a personal computer at one&#39;s home so long as the computer is connected to a network such as the internet. As time has passed, new opportunities for shopping via personal computer have increased as more and more people gain access to the internet and more and more businesses provide services on the internet.  
           [0005]    Likewise, using the internet for commerce is extremely attractive to businesses as they can provide the same type of information that was traditionally provided through catalogs and other advertising. Furthermore, transactions can occur between customers and sellers in a similar manner as was usually done at a checkout stand in a store. Indeed in the case of informational products, such as computer software, videos, or music, the goods themselves can be delivered through the internet and payment can be received through the internet so that the entire transaction occurs through a computer network without the customer or merchant ever actually meeting in a store. This method of doing business provides tremendous cost savings to manufacturers and sellers. Even items that have to be physically shipped can benefit from this form of commerce. Once a customer has browsed through a merchant&#39;s website and selected various goods that they wish to purchase, the merchant simply needs to verify the payment and then ship the goods to the customer. The verification of payment step has led to most of the problems and, indeed, is restricting commerce on the internet.  
           [0006]    One of the reasons that the vast number of merchants already using such networks have had trouble increasing sales volume on these networks is the inherent difficulties involved with customers paying for their purchases. The problem facing merchants is how do they determine that payment data actually belongs to the customer attempting to use it. One solution to this problem of course is that a potential purchaser can provide a merchant with a credit card number which is transmitted over the network. Of course this presents numerous security problems for both the seller and the buyer. For example, the credit card number could be obtained by an unauthorized third party during the transmission of the information from the customer to the seller. Even if a secured network is used wherein such third parties are precluded from gaining access to credit card data transmitted over the network, it does not address the problem of a customer using a stolen credit card in the first place. As such a dishonest person could use a credit card number that was stolen, send it on the secured network, yet the merchant would still be out of luck, because only after the goods were shipped to the customer would the merchant realize that the wrong person&#39;s credit card had been used.  
           [0007]    In the case where a credit card number is stolen, thousands of dollars can be lost as the third party who obtained this data uses the credit card for numerous fraudulent transactions until the credit card is canceled. Also, the issuer of the credit card is still out of money when the credit card number itself has been stolen prior to the transaction taking place.  
           [0008]    A few companies on the internet have proposed solutions to this problem. For example, Pay/Pal, a company currently owned by eBay which processes transactions in financial payments conducted on the internet, has proposed a method where they deposit into U.S. bank accounts very small amounts of money such as five to twenty-eight cents before the main transaction occurs. After that, the customer must check their own bank accounts, obtain these numbers and then provide the numbers to Pay/Pal in order to verify that the bank account given is indeed their account. Unfortunately, this method has some distinct disadvantages. First of all, money is being sent to an account that may never actually be used. Second of all, this method requires several transactions, for example, Pay/Pal initially has to send money to the account in order to verify that the account is valid and presumably this must be done for every account to be checked. Furthermore, it may have to be repeated over time to ensure the accounts have not been canceled. It is only after an account has been verified that Pay/Pal can conduct an actual transaction. It must be remembered that the whole goal of the internet is to provide an efficient, time saving and low cost method of doing business. Every additional action a customer must take in order to provide security can result in lost business for a merchant.  
           [0009]    Another proposed solution is set forth by Templeton et al. in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2002/0047442 directed to a system and method for verifying a financial instrument, which is incorporated herein by reference. Templeton et al. proposes a system initiating one or more verifying transactions involving an instrument, with details that may vary from one transaction to another such as the type of transaction (e.g., deposit, credit, debit), amount of the transaction, number of transactions, the merchant or vender name or account for the transaction, and so on. Selected details, particularly variable ones are saved to the system. The user obtains information regarding a transaction by accessing the account on-line, via telephone, in a monthly statement, etc. The user then submits the requested details to the system, which compares them to stored details. If the details correspond, then the user may be allowed to use the instrument to purchase a product. While this solution is effective as far it goes, it does not address the particular problems addressed by this invention. Specifically, the method disclosed by Templeton et al. requires that a transaction occur wherein money is transferred from a vender to a financial institution. While such an amount may be small per transaction, when millions of transactions are involved, such costs can rise quickly. Additionally, the Templeton et al. publication does not address the problems of foreign currency transactions. Since there are fluctuations in foreign currency values, it would be difficult to confirm amounts charged to a financial institution without knowing the exact date of the transaction and the exchange rate on that date.  
           [0010]    Therefore, there exists a need in the art for an inexpensive way to verify that a consumer&#39;s account is not fraudulent in a rapid manner which may also be used in international transactions.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0011]    In general, the invention is directed to a method of verifying ownership of credit cards, debit numbers, bank accounts etc. More specifically, a credit card, debit number or bank account used by a customer can be verified while a purchase is being made so that illegal transactions and fraud can be avoided. After a store accepts purchase information from the customer, the store processes the payment in one or more steps and in one or more separate transactions. Before the goods are shipped to the customer or transferred to his or her control, the customer must go to his or her account, obtain the specific transaction amounts, and provide them to the store. If the data supplied by the customer matches the store records, then the goods may be shipped to the customer. Alternatively, the customer may authorize a store to vary the total amount of the transaction from say $100.00 to $106.00. Thus the transactions do not need to total the exact amount of the purchase of say $103.00. Additionally, a text note or code can be attached to a transaction which is viewable only by a customer. The customer then can verify the code so that the transaction can go forth. One of the advantages of using multiple transactions is that the ratio between the transactions will be the same even if the amounts have to be converted into a currency that differs from the original currency used at the store. Further, the text note attached to the transaction helps to make sure the customer sees the transaction itself.  
           [0012]    A typical transaction would go as follows: initially, a merchant on the internet would display various goods and services for sale at a website. A customer using the internet through either a search engine or other means finds a merchant and then visits the merchant&#39;s website. Once deciding on particular goods or services the customer would like to purchase, the customer sends specific details about the price and quantity of the goods to be purchased which the merchant then stores for later use. Next the merchant accepts information about the customer&#39;s financial account such as a financial account number or perhaps, in the case of a credit card, the credit card account number and expiration date along with the type of card.  
           [0013]    In the case of a multiple step payment process, the merchant first authorizes the transaction with the bank. Customer can see the authorization on their bank account. Next, the customer looks at the authorization and obtains the amounts of the transaction and the text information. The customer then provides that information back to the merchant. The merchant determines that the data provided by the customer matches that which the merchant submitted to the bank.  
           [0014]    If these numbers match, the goods are shipped to the customer. The merchant then settles the transaction with the bank. Settling the transaction causes the authorization data to be finalized. When the authorization is not settled, the authorization information is eventually removed from the customer account and is no longer visible to the customer. It should be noted that such a method skips the problems of having to check or transact with a bank at a later time. In other words, the bank authorizes the charge first and then the goods are only shipped upon receipt of information from the customer. In prior methods, the bank must be involved twice, once to check the account and a second time to process authorization and settlement of payment for the goods.  
           [0015]    In an alternative embodiment which is well suited for foreign transactions, when the merchant receives the amounts from the customer regarding how much money was authorized to be removed from the customer&#39;s account, the merchant calculates a ratio between two of the transactions and verifies that the ratio between the amounts authorized from the accounts approximates the ratio of the amounts provided by the customer. That way, if the customer is reporting in a different currency than that used by the merchant, the ratio will still be approximately the same.  
           [0016]    In yet another embodiment, a unique text note is attached to each transaction so that when the customer looks at a bank statement, first the transaction is easy to spot and second, the text note is used as a verification code itself.  
           [0017]    In still another embodiment, the customer permits the merchant to vary the total transactional amount between two separate prices. Once again, the merchant would process information about the customer&#39;s financial account and process an authorization of the variable total price. The customer then contacts the bank, obtains the amount of the total transaction, informs the merchant of the amount and, if the amount provided by the customer matches the amount charged to the bank, then the goods are shipped and the transaction is settled. This of course avoids the customer simply giving what he knows is already the price of the goods as a verifying amount. In other words, a fraudulent customer could obtain a credit card from somebody, look at the website, figure out exactly what the price would be and then give the merchant that price even though he has never seen the account himself. It should be noted that the processing a payment may either be just obtaining an authorization amount or it may include the actual transfer of money. If the money is transferred at this point no settlement step is needed.  
           [0018]    Of course, as mentioned above, all of these actions are done on a computerized network and in accordance with the specific system set up by a merchant in order to enable the method described. While each of the above methods is described individually, it should be noted an embodiment might include various combinations of the individual embodiments. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0019]    [0019]FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system with computers interconnected by the internet for a product sale or purchase in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the invention;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating in more detail the first preferred embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a computer procedure employed by the seller&#39;s computer according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a computer procedure employed in the seller&#39;s computer in the system of FIG. 1 according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a computer procedure employed in the seller&#39;s computer in the system of FIG. 1 according to a third preferred embodiment of the invention.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a computer procedure employed in the seller&#39;s computer in the system of FIG. 1 according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0025]    As shown in FIG. 1, a system for handling purchase orders and payments using electronic communications link in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the seller&#39;s computer system  10  which can be selectively called upon by one or more customer computer systems  12  over an electronic communications link such as the internet  14 . As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, seller&#39;s computer system  10  is formed of one or more computers and includes an input-output unit  20  for transmitting and receiving digital information to or from the internet  14  and indirectly to a customer&#39;s computer  42 . Likewise, a customer&#39;s computer  42  is also set up to contact the internet  14  through an input-output unit  45 . The customer&#39;s computer  42  typically has a monitor  54 , a central processing unit  55 , some type of memory  56  and an input-output unit such as a keyboard  57 . Typically when in use, customer&#39;s computer  42  would have some type of operating system such as Macintosh, Unix or Windows which would run the basic operations of the computing machine. Additionally, specialized applications such as a web browser  60  would be used to interpret the various protocols of internet  14  into an understandable interface for a computer user, namely the customer.  
         [0026]    In a similar manner, a seller&#39;s computer  62  may be formed of one or more computers, having one or more monitors  64 , a central processing unit  65 , some type of memory  66  and an input-output device such as a keyboard  67 . Additionally, various applications such as a web server  70  and/or specialized applications that form a website  71  providing information regarding the seller&#39;s products  72 , and additional applications designed to process financial transactions  74  and/or provide a database  76  for remembering and storing various bits of information regarding the various customers visiting the seller&#39;s website. Further, the seller&#39;s computer has the programming to compare inputted data  77  and authorize shipping of goods  78 .  
         [0027]    Although in theory the seller&#39;s computer could be part of any data network, most preferably the seller&#39;s computer system  10  is connected to the internet  14  or an internet service provider (ISP)  80  by a high speed integrated service digital network ISDN, a T-1 line, a T-3 line or any other type of communication system with other computers or ISP&#39;s which typically form the internet  14 . Both seller and customer may communicate with bank  98  using the internet  14 . Alternatively, the customer, seller and bank may contact each other by separate communication mechanisms  99  and  99 ′. Such communications could be by telephone, by talking person to person, or any other form of communication.  
         [0028]    The operation of the seller&#39;s computer system  10  will now be described with reference to FIG. 3 which shows a flow chart  100  indicating the various steps of the process. Initially, the customer, by use of a browser  60  or other communication system, contacts the seller&#39;s computer  62  and obtains product information  72  from the seller&#39;s website  71  or any other source which could be from any website, for example, the product&#39;s original manufacturers website. Generally, during this stage, the customer might use several websites along the internet  14  to obtain both price and quality information regarding particular goods. Often, on the seller&#39;s website  71 , a customer might be presented with several choices by means of the browser interface to determine the various models, types and qualities of particular goods, along with various prices. Additional links may be provided to other web pages which provide further information on each product. If, after reviewing this information, the customer desires to purchase one or more products reviewed by browser  60 , in step  120 , the customer enters a product purchase request which is sent over the internet  14  from the customer&#39;s computer  12  to the seller&#39;s computer  10 . The seller&#39;s computer  10  then, in step  130 , receives various information regarding the request including the type and quantity of goods to be purchased, along with the price of those goods. Additional information regarding the customer is also obtained, such as a shipping address and other personal information. Such a transaction can be in the form of a series of questions which are answered by the customer or, alternatively, everything can be entered on a form which is then sent in one transmission. If the form is incorrectly filled out, the seller&#39;s computer  10  will query the customer regarding the additional information needed.  
         [0029]    In step  140  specific information regarding the customer&#39;s financial accounts is obtained. Once all the information has been obtained by the seller&#39;s computer  62 , computer  62  will process payment for the goods (step  150 ) into two or more separate transactions, thus obtaining authorization to remove money from the customer&#39;s financial account. Typically, this step involves authorizing a specific amount per transaction, however actual payment of funds could also occur in this step. The seller&#39;s computer  62  then prompts the customer to enter the amounts of the transaction. At this point the customer would contact his/her bank  99 , obtain those values, and enter them into the customer&#39;s computer  42 . The bank  99  may be contacted either directly by visiting in person, by telephone, by internet  14  or by using any other form of communication.  
         [0030]    In step  160  the information is then transferred to the seller&#39;s computer  62 . In step  170 , the seller&#39;s computer  62  will verify that these amounts provided by the customer do indeed match the amounts processed for the payment. If the amounts do match and are correct, the customer&#39;s account is then considered to be verified and not fraudulent and the seller&#39;s computer  62  sends an order to allow the goods to be shipped as in step  180  and settlement instructions are sent to the bank to finalize the sale. Of course, this assumes only authorization of charges occurred in step  140 , if actual payment was made then the settlement instructions would not be needed. Alternatively, if the amounts do not match, the process proceeds to step  190  and goods are not shipped. The process then ends at step  195 .  
         [0031]    It should be noted that such a method will allow for payment to be made by various instruments such as credit card or check. For example, in the case of a credit card transaction, the purchaser&#39;s name, address, telephone number, type of credit card and expiration date might be obtained in order to verify sufficient information to have the transaction go forward. Additional verification of whether or not the credit card is valid may take place before the payment is processed in the two or more transactions. In a similar manner, information can be provided off a check so that a computerized check approval bureau can be contacted to determine whether or not the check is valid, even before the two or more transactions go forth. It should be noted the customer would have to approve that two or more transactions occur, rather than a single transaction. Furthermore, settlement of the check would most likely be in one step as opposed to the settlement of the credit card account which may include an initial authorization and then a settlement step.  
         [0032]    In a second embodiment as presented in FIG. 4, a very similar process  200  to the process  100  of FIG. 3 is shown. The steps that are substantially the same will not be explained again. Instead like reference numerals refer to corresponding steps such that only the differences will be discussed here. In verifying the transaction amount in step  272 , instead of comparing the two or more transaction amounts provided by the customer with those moved through the financial institute a ratio is calculated of the amounts. By comparing the ratio, the validity of the customer&#39;s accounts can be verified. Additionally, if the particular amounts are actually altered due to currency exchange rates in connection with transactions conducted in a foreign country, the actual ratio between the two numbers will not be affected.  
         [0033]    In yet another embodiment represented by process  300  shown in FIG. 5, when the seller&#39;s computer  62  obtains information about the customer and processes a payment for goods, the payment is processed with a text note as in step  353 . When the customer sees the text note on a bank statement, the customer forwards the information in the text note in step  363  back to the seller&#39;s computer  62 . The seller&#39;s computer  62  then compares this text note to the note sent and once again can verify whether or not the customer is legitimate and the bank account is valid. At this point, in step  373 , the seller&#39;s computer  62  either determines whether to ship the goods in step  180  or not to ship the goods in step  190 , dependent upon the customer properly verifying the text note.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 6 refers to still another method  400  according to the invention wherein the customer authorizes the seller to process payment for goods in a variable transaction which might vary between $100.00 and $106.00, (see step  454 ). Once again, the customer then obtains information from the bank regarding the amount of the transaction, forwards that amount to the seller&#39;s computer where the two amounts are compared in step  470 . Once again, if the amounts are correct and match, then the goods are shipped in step  180 , otherwise step  190  is entered and the goods are not shipped.  
         [0035]    Although described with reference to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it should be readily understood that various changes and/or modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the spirit thereof. In general, it should be readily apparent that, in accordance with the invention, the seller relays some type of identifier information when processing payment for a business transaction. Thereafter, the customer can provide verification information, which corresponds to the identifier information, to the seller after accessing his/her account. When the seller determines that the verification information received by the customer matches the identifier information, the seller is assured that the account information is correct, and the transaction should be completed. Therefore, a simple, convenient and accurate overall verification system is established. In any event, the invention is only intended to be limited by the scope of the following claims.