Abstract:
The present application concerns an apparatus and a method for minimizing electromagnetic emissions of technical emitters. Such methods and apparatuses are needed to minimize the potential vortex portions of electromagnetic alternating fields emitted by technical devices.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention described herein concerns an apparatus and a method for minimizing electromagnetic emissions of technical emitters, i.e., for minimizing the potential vortex portions of electromagnetic alternating fields caused by technical devices. It has been scientifically demonstrated in extensive studies that the alternating magnetic field, contrary to previous assumptions, not only acts by means of induction but through the formation and density of ring and potential vortex systems (K. Meyl, “Elektromagnetische Unverträglichkeit, Ursachen, Phänomene und naturwissenschaftliche Konsequenzen. Umdruck zur Vorlesung” [Electromagnetic Incompatibility, Causes, Phenomenona and Scientific Consequences, Reprint for the Lecture], ISBN 3-9802-642-8-3 and ISBN 3-9802542-9-1, and K. Meyl, “Potentialwirbel” [Potential Vortex], Vol. 1 and 2, ISBN 3-9802-542-1-6 and ISBN 3-9802-542-2-4). 
     Since these potential vortices (electromagnetic longitudinal wave forms) permeate all kinds of shielding devices with virtually no loss, it is not surprising that all familiar kinds of technical shielding devices are ineffective. Since the beginning of the 20 th  century, energy engineering has not made use of longitudinal waves, which spread potential waves. Nevertheless, the U.S. Pat. No. 513,138 (1897), U.S. Pat. No. 645,576 (1900) and U.S. Pat. No. 685,957 (1901) issued for Nikola TESLA should be mentioned here. 
     Potential vortices are emitted from the lateral wave field (transversal wave field) at open wire ends under voltage (open switches), during sudden voltage or current increases (e.g., inverter), during sudden discharges, around cathode ray tubes, e.g., in monitors, as well as during virtually all digital transmissions with the exception of light transmissions through optical cables, such as glass fiber cables with total reflection. 
     DE 198 50 238 A1 [is] apparently an apparatus for minimizing electromagnetic emissions of technical emitters which uses a closed induction loop in the shape of a Möbius winding to absorb potential vortices or transform them into lateral waves, respectively. This apparatus, however, is limited to the frequency range which is predetermined by the inherent inductance of the Möbius winding. 
     The task of the invention described herein is to offer an apparatus and a method to effectively minimize electromagnetic emissions of technical emitters. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This task is achieved by a single conductor which can be arranged at an emitter, an apparatus for transforming electromagnetic longitudinal waves into electromagnetic lateral waves, and an apparatus for transforming electromagnetic longitudinal waves into lateral waves, whereby the single conductor is electrically connected via the apparatus for transforming electromagnetic longitudinal waves with the apparatus for transforming electromagnetic lateral waves. Further advantageous variations of the apparatus according to the invention include a p-n transition that is electrically connected with the single conductor on the p range side and with the apparatus for transforming electromagnetic lateral waves on the n range side. The p-n transition can be a Zener diode and the apparatus for transforming electromagnetic lateral waves can be a resistor. The single conductor can be connected with a housing of the emitter, can be grounded, can be placed around the emitter in bifilar windings, and can be arranged at several emitters in serial arrangement. The apparatus can take the form of a circular serial electrical circuit of four diodes connected at a connection point to the single conductor. A resistor is placed between the second and third diode in the series from the connection point while a capacitor and a surge protector are arranged parallel to each other between the connection wire connecting the first and the second diode and the connection wire connecting the third and the fourth diode. The surge protector can take the form of a varistor or a Zener diode. 
     Different from the method and apparatus used in DE 198 50 238 A1, the method and apparatus according to the invention use the tendency of free vortices to wrap around an open response-enabled single-conductor (similar to the above mentioned US patents) and take advantage of the fact that potential vortices collapse, for example, in the depletion zone of a p-n transition into lateral wave forms making it possible to transfer them through familiar double-conductor systems in a closed wire as a direct current, e.g., via resistors as thermal energy. 
     Thus, the method and the apparatus according to the invention make use of the fact that potential vortices of technical origins characteristically center around threads with field response. These threads can be thin wires with a resting current or can be made from ferromagnetic material, as described in the above mentioned US patents. The interactions of technical devices discharging potential vortices are defined by similar conditions. The alternating sine-shaped current in the lateral wave range (Maxwell&#39;s equations), as supplied by power companies to residential users, represents only one technically measurable portion. The other part always derives from the longitudinal wave portion and occurs as a discharge of potential vortices. This can always and without exception be observed at the consumer end. In addition to constructional changes which attempt to prevent the discharge of potential vortices already at the source, the method and apparatus according to the invention can achieve a further minimization of already existing potential vortices and can reduce their discharge into the environment. 
     The invention calls for an apparatus in which a single-conductor placed at the emitter is connected with an.apparatus for transforming electromagnetic longitudinal waves into electromagnetic lateral waves which ideally offers a p-n transition in the p range. The n range of the p-n transition is electrically connected to an apparatus for transforming electromagnetic lateral waves. This can be a resistor which transforms the lateral waves in the familiar way indicated by Maxwell&#39;s equations into thermal energy. 
     It offers advantages to use a Zener diode for the p-n transition. The single-conductor is to be connected with the housing of the emitter if such housing is made from metal or is grounded. The single-conductor can also be grounded. In order to avoid inherent inductance in the familiar patterns, the emitter should loop around the single-conductor in bifilar windings. 
     The following section will describe a few examples of the apparatus and method according to the invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
     The figures show: 
     FIG. 1 an apparatus according to the invention 
     FIG. 2 another apparatus according to the invention 
     FIG. 3 an apparatus according to the invention 
     FIG. 4 an apparatus according to the invention, and 
     FIG. 5 an apparatus according to the invention 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1 shows an example of the basic arrangement for an apparatus according to the invention. 
     A ring vortex absorber  1  (response-enabled thread/single-conductor) carries longitudinal waves (ring vortices  7 ) to a serially arranged pair of diodes  3   a  and  3   b . The potential vortices collapse at this pair of diodes. The arriving longitudinal wave frequency at the diodes can be measured with an oscilloscope. It becomes obvious that this frequency mostly consists of regular power line frequency over which higher frequencies are superimposed (“riding”). The energy content of the collapsed potential vortices is present at the capacitor  5  according to W=U 2 ·C/2 and at the resistor  4  according to P=I 2 ·R. This makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the apparatus. 
     The diodes  3   a  and  3   b  are connected in series with the resistor  4  to which two additional diodes  3   c  and  3   d  are connected which, in turn, are connected in a ring circuit with the ring vortex absorber  1 . Besides the already mentioned capacitor  5 , a surge protector  6  (e.g., a Zener diode or a varistor) is placed, parallel to the capacitor, between the wire connecting the diodes  3   a  and  3   b  and the wire connecting the diodes  3   c  and  3   d . This arrangement results in a lateral wave transformer  2  which transforms the ring vortices  7  captured from the single-conductor  1  into lateral waves in the depletion zone of the p-n transitions of the diodes. 
     FIG. 2 shows another apparatus according to the invention. In this as in the following figures, the same references are used for identical elements and the descriptions for these elements are omitted. 
     As shown in FIG. 2, the effectiveness of the absorbing apparatus according to the invention is increased if—before the discharge of ring vortices—the longitudinal wave field at the housing  9 —preferably grounded—of an emitter is part of the single-conductor. In this as in the following figures, grounding potential is indicated as GND and referenced as  10 . 
     FIG. 3 shows another apparatus in which the housing  9  of an emitter  8  is made from non-conductive material. In this case, the absorbing single-conductor  1  is wrapped around the housing  9  in a bifilar loop  12 . Wrapping the single-conductor  1  as a bifilar winding around the housing helps to avoid the inherent inductance which limits the frequency. The single-conductor  1  can thus accept any frequency since the bifilar winding is independent of inductance. 
     FIG. 4 shows another apparatus according to the invention to which two different emitters  8   a  and  8   b  are connected. An absorber constructed according to the invention is capable of shielding several emitters in serial and parallel arrangements. FIG. 4 shows a variation of the apparatus in which a device  8   a  is connected with a single-conductor  1  via bifilar windings, and the housing  9   b  of a device  8   b  is connected to the ground  10 , as well as to the single-conductor via wire  1   b , whereby both single-conductors  1   a  and  1   b  from the devices  8   a  and  8   b  are connected with the main single-conductor  1  at the intersecting point  11 . In this case, ring vortices from the single-conductors  1   a  and  1   b  disintegrate partially when they meet at the intersecting point  11 . It should be noted that the single-conductor  1  does not necessarily have to be grounded. 
     FIG. 5 shows another example which is similar to the example shown in FIG.  4 . The only difference is that in this case the single-conductor  1   b  is connected to the ground  10  via the housing  9   b  of the device  8   b.    
     The following summary can be offered: The method uses an apparatus for absorbing discharged ring vortices or longitudinal waves in combination with a lateral wave transformer. These elements are arranged as described above so that relevant longitudinal waves, via single-conductor technology, are passed on to a lateral wave transformer in which the longitudinally advancing potential vortices are transformed at the p-n transitions of semi-conductors (preferably diodes) into direct currents and then transformed, e.g., via resistors, into thermal energy.