Abstract:
A heat exchange fill apparatus for use with a cooling tower that employs a support frame assembly. The heat exchange fill apparatus has a media fill pack that is comprised of fill pack media modules wherein a stake, prevents the modules from shifting with respect to one another. The modules are installed in a cooling tower of the like via a hanging fill support

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to and is a continuation of U.S. patent application entitled, MODULAR COUNTERFLOW FILL HANGING SYSTEM APPARATUS AND METHOD, filed Mar. 13, 2013, having a Ser. No. 61/780,542, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates generally to a hanging film fill pack for use for heat exchange in a cooling tower or the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to a modular hanging fill pack design and method that is efficient and economical to assemble and install in a cooling tower. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Industrial water cooling towers have long been used to reject heat in power generation, to provide cooling water for petrochemical processes, industrial processes or the like, and serve as a means to lower the temperature of various chemical process streams and equipment. In the case of power generation plants, the cooling tower requirements can be relatively large and it is often times the practice to fabricate increasingly larger cooling towers. Counterflow towers have been found to be especially useful in these instances because of the efficiency of the towers and the compact nature of the structure. Cooling air may be brought into heat exchange relationship with the hot water either by way of convection through use of a natural draft stack, or by means of one or more large diameter, power-driven fans. 
         [0004]    In order to further increase the efficiency of cooling towers for industrial applications which require the use of very large towers, efforts have been made to increase the effectiveness of heat exchange between the hot water and the cooling air. The degree of direct contact of the water to be cooled with the coolant air has a significant bearing on the efficiency of the cooling process. Counterflow towers, wherein the hot water and air are brought into countercurrent flow relationship have long been known to be efficient heat transfer units. Initial egg crate or slat splash bar towers were ultimately supplanted by film fill towers because of the greater heat transfer properties of a water film as compared with the multiplicity of droplets of water which are produced by splash fills. Furthermore, film fills are typically significantly shorter than splash fills thus decreasing the head on the pump delivering hot water to the tower and making operating less expensive because of the lower horsepower pump requirements. 
         [0005]    The superior heat transfer characteristics of counterflow towers as well as improved efficiency based on lower pump heads has increased their desired use in industrial applications. Cooling tower designers in seeking to increase the efficiency of counterflow towers have also sought to further decrease the overall height of such towers by making the fill more effective than has been the case in the past. With the advent of synthetic resin sheets which are capable of withstanding higher temperatures without significant deformation than was previously the case, along with the development of resin formulations which are more resistant to deterioration under constant wet conditions, fill assemblies made up of sheets of the plastic for film flow of water thereover have in many instances completely supplanted prior fill structures which primarily relied upon break-up of the water for surface increase purposes instead of thin films of water over a large multiplicity of closely spaced sheets of plastic. 
         [0006]    Although film fills have found acceptance in many applications including large industrial cooling towers for power generating plants and the like, problems have arisen by virtue of the fact that governmental regulatory agencies have imposed stricter limitations on the addition of agents to the cooling water which suppress growth of microorganisms and the like. For example, it has long been the practice to add chlorine or chlorine containing compounds to the cooling water in order to prevent microorganism growth. However, it is now known that when chlorine in high concentrations is discharged into streams or other natural bodies of water, the chlorine can produce adverse consequences which are harmful to biological life in the stream and in general increase what some deem to be undesirable pollution of the flowing water. 
         [0007]    Cooling tower operators have routinely removed a portion of the cooling tower water in the form of blow down and returned it to the source such as a stream to prevent buildup of chemical additives in the water. As much as 10% of the water may be continuously returned to the stream or other water source as blow down. This water can contain a relatively high concentration of the additive and therefore significant amounts of chlorine, for example, may be present at the outlet of the cooling tower which discharges into the adjacent stream, lagoon, or lake water source. Concern over stream and water body pollution has led governmental authorities to restrict the use of additives such as chlorine in cooling tower water for preventing growth of microorganisms in the recirculating cooling water. In fact, absent a more acceptable anti-microbial additive than chlorine and which is available at a reasonable cost, many tower operators have elected to simply eliminate or drastically reduce the additives such as chlorine in the cooling tower water. 
         [0008]    The result of the above discussed regulations is the build up of microorganism growth in the flow assembly of counterflow industrial water cooling towers. One highly effective and efficient fill assembly for counterflow towers employs corrugated plastic sheets, however microorganisms can proliferate in such fills. As the water to be cooled flows downwardly through the corrugated fill structure, microorganisms present in the water and whose growth is no longer inhibited by suitable anti-microbial compounds in the water, collect at the points of intersection of the corrugations of the fill. The microorganisms then start to multiply at the nodal points in the fill assembly. This growth can continue until complete blockage of the water flow paths through the fill unit occurs. 
         [0009]    In like manner, unless the cooling tower water is continuously filtered, suspended solids in the make-up water from the stream or other natural water source can collect and accumulate in the water. These solids are trapped by the microorganism growths in the fill assembly and increase blockage of the water flow paths. In addition, airborne solids can build up in the water during tower operation unless the water is filtered. 
         [0010]    The significance of the problem is apparent when it is recognized that in the case of a 500 megawatt power plant, if the plant must be shut down because of blockage of the fill assembly of the cooling tower serving such plant, the loss of revenue to the utility is many thousands of dollars per day. Replacement of the fill can take from one to two months. Thus, lost revenues readily mount to eight figure numbers. 
         [0011]    The enormity of the problem is further demonstrated by the fact that cooling towers of the type discussed and especially those used for high-megawatt plants such a nuclear facilities, have fill assemblies whose plan area can be anywhere from one to four acres. Moreover, oftentimes the cooling towers of the type discussed employ hanging fill systems which consist of wire and tube arrangements suspended from pins or bolting systems. These current systems are very labor intensive, requiring a large amount of field labor to assemble the fill racks and to hang the fill individually from the pins in the tower. Thus, to replace such fill can very labor intensive to remove the current fill and replace it with new fill. 
         [0012]    Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a counter-flow hanging fill design and system that is economical and efficient to install in a cooling tower. More specifically, it is desirable to provide a modular counterflow hanging fill system that provides preassembled fill modules that are easily and efficiently installed in a cooling tower or the like, reducing the labor efforts to assemble the same, and accordingly reducing assembly costs along with reducing down time of the cooling tower when replacing said fill. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0013]    In one embodiment of the present invention, a heat exchange media fill block is provided, comprising: a first heat exchange fill pack; a second heat exchange fill pack; a stake, wherein said stake pierces said first fill module and extends through said first heat exchange fill pack to pierce said second heat exchange fill pack to prevent the first and second heat exchange fill packs from shifting with respect to one another. 
         [0014]    In one embodiment of the present invention, a heat exchange media fill block is provided, comprising: a first heat exchange fill pack; a base frame that supports said first heat exchange fill pack; a stake, wherein said stake pierces said first heat exchange fill pack and extends through said first heat exchange fill pack wherein said stake is received by said base frame. 
         [0015]    In another embodiment of the present invention, a hanging fill support bracket for use in a cooling tower of the like is provided, comprising: a first side having a first upper portion and a first lower portion; a second side opposing said first side that has a second upper portion and a second lower portion; a top connect to said first and second sides that extends between said first and second upper portions; and a shaft having a first and second end that extends between the first lower portion and the second lower portion, wherein said shaft is retained by each said first and second lower portion. 
         [0016]    In another embodiment of the present invention, a heat exchange fill apparatus for use with a cooling tower is provided, comprising: a support frame assembly; a media fill block, comprising: a first heat exchange fill pack; a second heat exchange fill pack; and a stake, wherein said stake pierces said first heat exchange fill pack and extends through said first heat exchange fill pack to pierce said second heat exchange fill pack to prevent the first and second heat exchange fill packs from shifting with respect to one another; a base frame that supports said first heat exchange fill pack and said second heat exchange fill pack; at least one cable that extends through the media fill block, wherein said at least one cable is connected to said base frame; wherein said stake extends at least partially through said first and second heat exchange fill packs and is received by the base frame; a hanging fill support bracket that attaches to said support frame assembly, said support bracket comprising: a first side having a first upper portion and a first lower portion; a second side opposing said first side that has a second upper portion and a second lower portion; a top connect to said first and second sides that extends between said first and second upper portions; and a shaft having a first and second end that extends between the first lower portion and the second lower portion, wherein said shaft is retained by each said first and second lower portion, wherein said at least one cable is connected to said hanging fill support bracket. 
         [0017]    In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method for assembling a fill pack for use in a cooling tower is provided, comprising the steps of: placing a first fill pack on a base; placing a second fill pack adjacent said first fill pack on the base; inserting a stake through said first fill pack; optionally inserting the stake through said second fill pack; engaging the base with said stake to retain the first fill pack and optionally the second fill pack. 
         [0018]    In still another embodiment of the present invention, a method for conducting heat exchange using a cooling tower is provided, comprising: passing a fluid to be cooled a fill block comprising: a first heat exchange fill pack; a second heat exchange fill pack; a stake, wherein said stake pierces said first fill pack and extends through said first heat exchange fill pack to a base to prevent the first heat exchange fill pack from shifting; and generating an air current; and passing the air current over the fill block. 
         [0019]    In another embodiment of the present invention, a heat exchange fill pack for use in a cooling tower is provided, comprising: means for placing a first fill pack on a base; means for placing a second fill pack adjacent said first fill pack on the base; means for inserting a stake through said first fill pack; optional means for inserting the stake through said second fill pack; means for engaging the base with said stake to retain the first fill pack and the second fill pack. 
         [0020]    In another embodiment of the present invention, a beam bracket for use with a cooling tower is provided, comprising: a first halve having a first top portion, a second side wall and a first sloped portion; a second halve having a second top portion, a second side wall and a second sloped portion, wherein said second halve engages said first halve; a first bolt that engages said first top portion to said second top portion. 
         [0021]    There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, certain embodiments of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof herein may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional embodiments of the invention that will be described below and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto. 
         [0022]    In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of embodiments in addition to those described and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein, as well as the abstract, are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. 
         [0023]    As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception upon which this disclosure is based may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0024]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of hanging fill system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0025]      FIG. 2  is a detailed perspective view of the hanging fill system illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0026]      FIG. 3  is a detailed view of a connection point of the hanging fill system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0027]      FIG. 4  is another detailed perspective view of the hanging fill system illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0028]      FIG. 5  is a partial schematic view of the fill support system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0029]      FIG. 6  is a detailed view of the fill support system illustrated in  FIG. 5 . 
           [0030]      FIG. 7  is another detailed view of the fill support system depicted in  FIGS. 5 and 6 . 
           [0031]      FIG. 8  is a schematic view of a bracket apparatus in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0032]      FIG. 9  is a schematic side view of the bracket apparatus depicted in  FIG. 8 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0033]    An embodiment of the present inventive system for a modular hanging fill system, generally designated  10  is illustrated. Turning specifically to  FIG. 1 , a modular hanging fill system  10  is illustrated having a modular fill block  12  that is comprised of multiple fill packs  22  and  24  that form the fill block  12 . The modular hanging fill system  10  includes a series of longitudinal beams  14  and  16  having cross beams  18  extending there between from which the fill block  12  hangs. The longitudinal beams and cross beams combine to form a grid like structure from which the fill block  12  hangs. The longitudinal  14 ,  16  and cross beams are support by a series of columns  20 . The modular fill block  12  is supported by a series of fill supports  50  (that will be discussed in further detail below) that comprises an upper latching portion  52  that connects to the cross beams  18  and a lower base portion  53  upon which the fill block  12  sits. 
         [0034]    Turning now to  FIG. 2 , a detailed view of the bottom portion  53  of the fill support is illustrated in more detail. The bottom portion  53  comprises transverse support beams  26  (one pictured) with longitudinal beams  28  extending there between. The fill support  50 , also includes cable  32  that extends from the upper portion  52  to the transverse support beam where it attaches at an attachment port  36 .  FIG. 2  further illustrates a stake  34  that extends through the fill block  12  (shown transparent for clarity) where it engages a receiving portion  37  via its slot  38 . The receiving portion  37  extends from the cross beam  28 . The stake  34  may be any conduit or rod that extends through said fill block  12 . While the stake  34  is depicted in a vertical orientation or normal position, to the bottom portion  53 , the stake  34  may alternatively be oriented at an angle or sloped orientation. For example, the stake  34  may extend within a flute of cross-corrugated fill or the like. 
         [0035]    Turning now to  FIG. 3 , a detailed end view of the transverse beam  26  is illustrated showing the support cable  32  engaging the side beam  26 . As illustrated, in one embodiment of the present invention, the support cable  32  extends through the port  36  of the side beam  26  and engages and is connected to the said beam  26  via a bolt and loop connection. The aforementioned bolt and loop connection includes a loop  40  at the end of the support cable  32  that encircles a bolt  42  that extends within the interior of the beam  26 . The bolt  42  may be secured to the beam  26  via a washer  44  and nut  45  connection. The bolt  42  may be replaced by a pin. Alternatively, the bolt or pin may be secured by a mechanical attachment means, for example, weld, push caps, cotter pins or screw connection. 
         [0036]    Turning now to  FIG. 4 , another detailed end view of the bottom portion  53  of the support system is depicted. As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the receiving portion  37  and the slot  38  are illustrated having the stake  34  inserted therein.  FIG. 4  also depicts a bracket  46  that functions to support transverse beam  26 .  FIG. 4  further illustrates in detail the receiving portion  37  having the slot  38  wherein the stake  34  is inserted therein in combination with the cable  32  extending to engage the support beam  26 . 
         [0037]    Turning now to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the fill support system, generally designated  50 , is illustrated having the previously described latching portion  52  and the previously described base portion  53 . Whereas  FIG. 5  schematically depicts the fill support system  50  without the fill having the upper and lower portions,  FIG. 6  is a detailed illustration of the latching portion  52 . 
         [0038]    The latching portion  52  comprises a shaft  54  that extends between a pair of side struts  58 . The side struts  58  are connected via a top portion  60 . In one embodiment of the present invention, the side struts  58  may comprise two components, an upper portion that engages the top  60  and a lower portion  59  through which the shaft  54  extends. Alternatively, the latching portion may be a single, integral piece if desired. As illustrated in  FIG. 6 , one embodiment of the present invention utilizes a cotter pin  62  or the like that retains the shaft  54  between the struts  58 . In one embodiment of the present invention, a cotter pin  62  may be used on both ends of the shaft  54  whereas other embodiments may employ only a single cotter pin  62 . Alternatively, the shaft  54  may be retained via a compression fit or any other mechanical means or method. 
         [0039]    As depicted in  FIG. 6 , and more specifically in  FIG. 7 , the cable  32  connects or is attached to the latching portion  52  via the shaft  54  by way of an attachment loop  56 . Turing specifically to  FIG. 7 , the attachment loop  56  has an upper curved section  64  that extends between first and second sides  66 . The first and second sides  66  extend generally parallel to one another in opposing relationship. The attachment loop  56  further includes a base that is comprised of an first flap  68  and a second flap  69 . As illustrated in one embodiment of the present invention, flap  68  and flap  69  overlap one another to form the base of the attachment loop  56 . Alternatively, in another embodiment, the base may be a solid piece and not comprise separate flaps as shown. 
         [0040]    The cable  32  extends through the flaps  68  and  69  wherein the end  70  extends into the loop  56 . The end  70  may be threaded wherein it engages a washer  72  and nut  73  on one side of the flaps  68 ,  69  and another nut  74  and washer  75  on the other side of the flaps  68 ,  69 . The cable  32  may be alternatively be connected or attached to the loop  56  by any preferred attachment means or method. 
         [0041]    During operation, the fill block  12  is comprised of multiple individual fill packs. These individual fill packs are assembled at the factory wherein the stake  34  or multiple stakes is inserted through said packs as previously discussed. The stakes  34  may be constructed of any material, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or any other preferred plastic or alternative material. The stakes  34  extend through “normal” internal paths of the fill packs and function to prevent the fill modules from shifting or losing their shape during transportation and assembly. The stakes  34  also function to lock or anchor the fill pack(s), and thus the fill block  12 , to the base frame  53 . Also, in one embodiment of the present invention, the various cables  32  that support the fill media may be inserted prior to shipping the fill block  12  if desired. 
         [0042]    Upon the fill packs  12  arriving at the installation site, for those embodiments shipped with the cables installed, the cables are attached to the base portion  53  and to the beam  26 . The cable  32  is next attached to the upper portion  52  of the fill support system  50 . During the installation process, the upper portions  52  of the fill support system  50  are typically hung from a beam or the like, similar to that illustrated in  FIG. 1 , prior to the fill pack installation in the tower. The aforementioned beam is typically part of an overall, larger frame structure or the support assembly of the cooling tower. As previously described, the cable  32  engages and is attached to the upper portion  52  via the loop  56  and shaft  54 . Alternatively, the cable may be inserted through the fill media packs  12  are attached to the base portion  53  and to the beam  26  at the site. The cable  32  is then connected to the upper portion  52  of the fill support system  50 . As in the embodiment described above, the cable  32  engages and is attached to the upper portion  52  vial the loop  56  and shaft  54 . 
         [0043]    In this position fill block  12  maybe secured to the base  53  as needed however as illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 4 , the stakes also assist to secure the fill packs  12  by engaging the receiving portion  37  and inserted through the slots  38 . The stake&#39;s  34  engagement with the slot  38  helps to secure the fill block  12  to the base  53  of the fill support system  50 . 
         [0044]    The above-described process is repeated as necessary depending upon the size of the respective cooling tower in which the fill packs  12  are employed. Moreover, the above-described fill system allows for the fill to be efficiently installed and replaced due to the ability to assemble the fill packs at the manufacturing plant and ship in the pre-assembled state. Once arriving at the cooling tower site, the individual packs are efficiently installed in the manner described above. 
         [0045]    Turning now to  FIG. 8  and  FIG. 9 , an alternative embodiment of the present invention is depicted, wherein a beam bracket generally designated  200  is illustrated. The beam bracket comprises two sides or halves  202  and  204  that encircle the support beam  206  from which the fill block (not pictured) suspends. As illustrated in  FIG. 8 , the halves  202  and  204  are retained or attached to one another via an upper or top bolt  206  and a bottom or lower bolt  208 . The upper bolt  206  extends through first and second top flanges  210  and  212  each corresponding to a halve  202 ,  204 . Similarly, the lower bolt  208  extends through first and second lower flanges  214  and  216  each corresponding to a halve  202 ,  204 . 
         [0046]    As depicted in  FIG. 8 , each halve comprises a top portion  218  and  220 , opposing side walls  222  and  224  and sloped bottom portions  226  and  228 . As illustrated, the sloped portions  226 ,  228  extend from each respective side wall  222 ,  224  to each respective flange  214 ,  216  through which the bolt  208  extends as previously described. In the embodiment illustrated, the bolt  208  may be rotated to collapse or pull together the sloped portions  226 ,  228  changing the angle of said sloped portions  226 ,  228  as indicated by  FIG. 8 . Alternatively, the bolt  208  may be rotated in the opposite direction, “loosening” the angle of the sloped portions  226 ,  228 . The aforementioned collapsing and releasing of the of the sloped portions  226 ,  228  via the bolt  208  may be used to adjust the height of the fill block by moving the cable upward or downward depending upon the angle of the sloped portions  226 ,  228 . 
         [0047]    Continuing to refer to both  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the lower flanges  214 ,  216 , include a series of holes or bores  232  that allow for the cable  230  to be attached at various heights via a bolt  234 . The above-described holes or bores  232  allow for the fill block to be adjusted in terms of hanging height. 
         [0048]    The many features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.