Abstract:
The disclosed methods and apparatus relate generally to the electronics media industry, such as cable television (CATV), home shopping services, on-line computer services and computer memory applications. These methods and apparatus allow a user to access and make use of electronic media input and output devices by reference to and/or utilization of standard printed matter, such as magazines, textbooks, or any other printed matter that can be correlated to electronic media. The methods and apparatus further allow the user to tailor the retrieval of electronic data by using a user profile.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 12/590,569, filed Nov. 10, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 11/786,540, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,712,668, filed Apr. 11, 2007 and application Ser. No. 11/786,704, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,703,683, filed Apr. 12, 2007, both of which are continuations-in-part of application Ser. No. 10/943,798, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,523,868, filed Sep. 17, 2004, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/365,961, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,866,196, filed Aug. 2, 1999, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/628,246, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,932,863, filed Apr. 4, 1996, which is a division of application Ser. No. 08/250,799, filed May 25, 1994, now abandoned. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates generally to the electronic media industry—such as cable television (CATV), home shopping services, on-line computer services, personal computer applications, and CD-ROM-based multi-media applications—and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for allowing a user to access and make use of such electronic media services via a device that makes use of a standard book, magazine or other printed work. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    It is a well-known fact that a large fraction of the population is unfamiliar with the operation or use of modern computer devices. This remains true despite significant advances in user-interface technology, such as mouses, windows, menus and the like. It is commonly said that such technology makes computers “user friendly.” However, the modern mouse/window/menu-based user-interface technology has been widely available for several years, and yet it still appears that this technology is not a panacea for computer-phobia. Indeed, studies have shown that a majority of VCR owners cannot operate the simple menu-based interface used to program their VCRs. Thus, there exists a great need for improved user-interface technology, if computer-based electronic media is to become as widely used and accepted as television or radio. 
         [0004]    This need for improved user-interface technology will become even greater as technology such as the “information superhighway,” continues to be developed and implemented throughout the world. The “information superhighway” permits delivery of high-bandwidth (i.e., full-motion video rate) digital data into millions of homes via fiber optic, cable, Radio Frequency (RF), microwave or satellite links. As such technology continues to improve, in concept, it will permit instant delivery of a virtually limitless selection of commercial, informational, educational and entertainment programming at a user&#39;s request. However, without better user-interface technology, the average user may not be capable of enjoying the vast capabilities of such a system. Indeed, it is clear that the number of programming choices available to the user of such technology will be far greater than the number of choices involved in programming a VCR—a task already demonstrated to be too complicated for the average user of present-day user-interface technology. 
         [0005]    In contrast to the difficulty many people encounter in using remote controls and other prior art computer interfaces, printed matter—such as books and magazines—represents an almost universally familiar and non-intimidating medium by which a user can acquire desired information. Even illiterate individuals incapable of reading text can nonetheless peruse pages of printed matter and appreciate the substance of flashy advertisements and the like. Thus, it would be highly desirable to provide a system with the information accessing capabilities of a modern CD-ROM, USB storage device, personal computer, or on-line computer system, and the user-interface simplicity of printed matter. 
         [0006]    The prior art includes a class of devices known as “talking books”—see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,636,881 entitled “Talking Book With an Infrared Detector Used to Detect Page Turning”; 4,702,573 entitled “Visual and Audible Activated Work and Method of Forming Same”; 4,778,391 entitled “Sound-Producing Amusement or Educational Devices”; 4,809,246 entitled “Sound Illustrated Book Having Page Indicator Circuit”; 4,990,092 entitled “Talking Book”; and 5,209,665 entitled “Interactive Audio Visual Work”—all of which are incorporated herein by reference. Typically, these “talking books” consist of a book with various sensors which—when activated by touching, page turning, etc.—cause a sound generating means (also embedded within the book) to produce or replay particular sounds. Talking books thus provide an interface for allowing an unsophisticated user (i.e., a child) to access a very primitive computer (i.e., the sound generating means embedded within the book) via familiar printed matter (i.e., the book with embedded sensors). Importantly, however, talking books do not provide a means for interfacing with modern electronic media—such as cable television (CATV), home shopping services, on-line computer services, CD-ROM-based multi-media applications, interactive TV or home computer applications. 
         [0007]    One approach to interfacing with these modern electronic media is the “simulated book”—see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,725, entitled “Microprocessor Based Simulated Book,” incorporated herein by reference. The “simulated book” is in essence a book-size intelligent graphics terminal. Unlike the talking books, the simulated book is not a self-contained system, but rather transmits commands to and receives data from a CD-ROM equipped personal computer via a wireless link. Thus, the programming that the simulated book can access is not limited to that which can be stored in embedded memory devices, as with the talking books. Importantly, however, the user-interface provided by the simulated book is essentially the conventional computer interface—i.e., keys, pointer, menus, etc. Therefore, a computer-phobic user will likely still find the simulated book intimidating and inaccessible. 
         [0008]    A disadvantage of both the talking book and simulated book technologies is that both include relatively costly electronics—i.e., microprocessors, memory, display devices, etc.—as a part of the “book.” Thus, these technologies cannot be effectively used to create a “throw-away” interactive magazine, newspaper or advertising brochure. 
         [0009]    Thus, there remains a need for a method and apparatus for accessing the vast resources of electronic media using a device as familiar and non-intimidating as printed matter. There remains a further need for such a method and apparatus which utilizes a low cost, throw-away printed matter. 
         [0010]    In addition, it would be desirable to produce a method by which the user can tailor the retrieval of electronic data by using a user profile. 
         [0011]    In the case of a user accessing electronic data from a remote server, it would be desirable to produce a method by which the user can tailor the retrieval of electronic data by using a user profile stored on a remote server. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0012]    One object of the present invention is a method and apparatus for allowing a user to access electronic media via a printed matter. 
         [0013]    Another object of the invention is a method and apparatus for allowing a user to access electronic media relating to, or expanding upon, material presented in the printed matter. 
         [0014]    Another object of the invention is a low cost, throw-away printed matter useful in connection with other objects of the invention. 
         [0015]    Still another object of the invention is an improved method of providing electronic media services. 
         [0016]    Yet another object of the invention is an intelligent controller for use in connection with the invention. 
         [0017]    Still another object of the invention is to individualize the media retrieved by recognizing a machine-recognizable feature in printed matter. 
         [0018]    Yet another object of the invention is a method and apparatus for allowing a user to select desired content associated with a printed matter. 
         [0019]    Another object of the invention is a method and apparatus for allowing a user to create a profile comprising individual preferences and later use the preferences in order to retrieve desired content associated with a printed matter. 
         [0020]    Still another object of the invention is to link individual preferences with tailored programming material comprising desired information. 
         [0021]    In accordance with one embodiment, the invention comprises: (i) a printed matter having at least one sensor and a transmitter associated therewith; and (ii) an intelligent controller having a receiver and a means for accessing programming material. A user triggers said sensor through interaction with said printed matter, for example, by touching a particular spot on a page or by turning a page. In response to the triggering of said sensor, the transmitter sends a signal indicative of said sensor. The receiver receives said signal and, in response thereto, the intelligent controller executes a pre-programmed command related to accessing or controlling electronic media or programming. For example, when the user triggers a sensor associated with an advertisement in the printed matter, the intelligent controller may, in response, send a signal via a telephone line, cable connection, wireless modem or cellular link to a remote video server, and thereby cause a promotional program to appear on the user&#39;s television. 
         [0022]    In accordance with another embodiment, the invention comprises: (i) a printed matter having at least one machine-recognizable feature—such as a bar code or magnetic strip (or any commonly used printed indicia, such as a printed character, symbol or pictorial icon), (ii) a feature recognition unit having a means for recognizing said feature and a transmitter, and (iii) an intelligent controller having a receiver. The user directs the feature recognition unit to a feature on said printed matter. In response, the recognition unit transmits a signal indicative of the identity of the particular feature. The receiver receives the signal and the intelligent controller, in response thereto, executes an appropriate pre-programmed command. 
         [0023]    In accordance with another embodiment, the invention comprises: (i) a printed matter having at least one machine-recognizable feature—such as a bar code or magnetic strip (or any commonly used printed indicia, such as a printed character, symbol or pictorial icon), which contains a plurality of distinct data portions, whereby each data portion is embedded with a unique command or link, (ii) a feature recognition unit having a machine recognizing device configured to recognize the feature, a display and a transmitter, and (iii) an intelligent controller having a receiver. The user directs the feature recognition unit to a feature on said printed matter. In response, the recognition unit decodes the plurality of data portions and displays a menu to the user. The menu is preferably comprised of a plurality of different links for the user to select from, wherein each link had been previously encoded in its respective data portion within the machine-recognizable feature. Once the user selects the desired link, the recognition unit transmits a signal indicative of the identity of the particular printed matter and the selection made by the user. The receiver receives the signal and the intelligent controller, in response thereto, executes an appropriate pre-programmed command that causes the desired data to be retrieved and displayed to the user. 
         [0024]    In accordance with another embodiment, the invention comprises: (i) a printed matter having at least one machine-recognizable feature—such as a bar code or magnetic strip (or any commonly used printed indicia, such as a printed character, symbol or pictorial icon), (ii) a feature recognition unit having a machine recognizing device configured to recognize the feature, a display, a memory to store individual preferences and a transmitter, and (iii) an intelligent controller having a receiver. The user directs the feature recognition unit to a feature on said printed matter. In response, the recognition unit decodes the machine-recognizable feature and transmits a signal indicative of the identity of the particular printed matter and the individual&#39;s preferences. The receiver receives the signal and the intelligent controller, in response thereto, executes an appropriate pre-programmed command that causes data to be retrieved and displayed to the user. 
         [0025]    In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the encoding of a plurality of URLs reflecting a plurality of web sites and/or web pages in the machine recognizable feature and providing said user with the opportunity to select which web site and/or web pages containing user preferred information he or she would like to access before transmitting a command to the processing means associated with said remote server. In accordance with another embodiment, the invention comprises: (i) a printed matter having at least one machine-recognizable feature and (ii) an intelligent feature recognition unit having means for recognizing said feature, means for associating said recognized feature with a command, and means for issuing said command over a wireless link. In use, the user directs said intelligent feature recognition unit at a feature on said printed matter. In response, said intelligent recognition unit associates said feature with a pre-programmed command and issues a pre-programmed command sequence over a wireless data link to control or access electronic media services. The command may, for example, be transmitted via an infrared (IR) or ultrasound link to a CATV control box in the same room, or via a cellular or satellite link to the CATV company office. 
         [0026]    In accordance with another embodiment, the invention comprises a printed matter having: (i) at least one sensor, (ii) a control module and (iii) a transmitter associated therewith. In response to the triggering of said sensor, said control module directs the transmitter to transmit a command related to accessing or controlling an electronic media service. 
         [0027]    Other aspects of the invention relate to methods of providing, accessing or utilizing electronic media services. In accordance with one such aspect, the invention involves: (i) providing a printed matter having at least one sensor associated therewith, (ii) providing an intelligent controller which, in response to the triggering of said sensor, performs a pre-programmed command, and (iii) executing said pre-programmed command to access or control an electronic media. 
         [0028]    Another aspect of the invention involves a method of providing electronic media services, which includes the steps of: (i) providing printed matter to a potential customer and (ii) pre-programming an intelligent controller to access or control an electronic media service in response to an event wherein the customer interacts with the printed matter in a particular manner. Advantageously, said printed matter comprises a low cost, throw-away publication. 
         [0029]    In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an improved method of providing shop-at-home services includes the steps of: (i) providing to the customer a printed catalogue having at least one sensor or machine-recognizable feature associated therewith, (ii) programming a controller to execute a pre-programmed command in response to an event wherein the customer interacts with said sensor or feature, and (iii) providing a service—e.g., displaying promotional programming on the customer&#39;s television, contacting the customer by telephone, establishing a computer “chat” link, etc.—by telephone, cable, or wireless link in response to the execution of said command. 
         [0030]    Another aspect of the present invention relates to an improved method of instruction, including the steps of: (i) providing an instructional printed matter—such as a textbook, cookbook, children&#39;s book or manual—having at least one sensor or machine-recognizable feature associated therewith, (ii) providing a means, distinct from said textbook or other printed matter, for executing a pre-programmed command in response to an event wherein a reader interacts with said sensor or feature, and (iii) in response to said command, causing or controlling: (a) the electronic delivery or presentation of information related to that in the textbook or other printed matter; and/or (b) the establishment of a communication link to a live tutor or consultant familiar with the subject matter contained in the instructional printed matter. 
         [0031]    Another aspect of the invention relates to a low cost, throw-away printed matter including at least one machine-recognizable feature adapted for use in connection with the invention. 
         [0032]    It is an object of this invention to provide a means for the encoding of a plurality of URLs reflecting a plurality of web sites and/or web pages in the machine recognizable feature and providing said user with the opportunity to select which web site and/or web pages containing user preferred information he or she would like to access before transmitting a command to the processing means associated with said remote server. 
         [0033]    It is another object of the present invention to disclose means of individualizing the information retrieved by scanning machine recognizable features in printed matter and other objects or materials for purposes of delivering the most appropriate content. 
         [0034]    It is another object of the present invention to disclose means by which a user device interacts with a machine recognizable feature in a printed matter to permit a user to select desired content retrieved from a remote server or database associated with the particular printed matter. 
         [0035]    It is another object of the present invention to disclose means by which individual preferences can be stored and later accessed for the purpose of retrieving specific information relevant to the interests of particular users. 
         [0036]    It is another object of the present invention to provide means for automatically linking stored user preferences with tailored programming material comprising desired information. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0037]    The above—as well as other—aspects, objects and features of the present invention will be described in the Detailed Description below, which is intended to be read in conjunction with the following set of drawings, in which: 
           [0038]      FIG. 1  depicts an embodiment wherein the display unit is embedded within the printed matter; 
           [0039]      FIG. 2  depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein electronic media is presented on a user&#39;s TV set; 
           [0040]      FIG. 3  depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein programming material is accessed from a remote source; 
           [0041]      FIG. 4  depicts an embodiment of the invention which includes a feature recognition unit; 
           [0042]      FIG. 4   a  depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein the feature recognition unit provides an interface between the display unit and a remote source of programming material; 
           [0043]      FIG. 4   b  depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein the display unit is embedded within feature recognition unit; 
           [0044]      FIG. 4   c  further depicts an embodiment of the invention adapted for presentation of material selecting portions of the information encoded in the machine recognizable features; 
           [0045]      FIG. 5  depicts an embodiment of the invention wherein the display unit comprises a personal computer; 
           [0046]      FIG. 6  depicts an embodiment of the invention adapted for commercial and shop-at-home applications; 
           [0047]      FIG. 7  depicts a flow chart for the embodiment where the user creates a personalized profile stored on a user device; 
           [0048]      FIG. 8  depicts a flow chart for the embodiment wherein the retrieval of programming material is tailored by using a user profile stored on the user device; 
           [0049]      FIG. 9  depicts a flow chart for the embodiment where the user creates a personalized profile stored in a remote database; 
           [0050]      FIG. 10  depicts a flow chart for the embodiment wherein the retrieval of programming material is tailored by using a user profile stored on the database. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0051]    In this section, the various preferred embodiments of the invention are described from two general perspectives. The first, a “functional” perspective, focuses on the contemplated interactions between the user and the various components—i.e., the printed matter, controller, display unit, etc.—of the invention. This functional description provides the insight needed to implement the software or firmware used in connection with the invention. The second perspective, the “apparatus” view, describes the various technologies that can be used to implement the individual components of the present invention. 
       The Functional Perspective 
       [0052]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 1 , which depicts an embodiment of the invention comprising a printed matter  1  in communication (preferably wireless) with a data server  2 . Printed matter  1  includes at least one sensor  3  and a controller, which preferably includes a microprocessor  4 . A stiff or flexible page  5  (any page within a book) holds a display screen  6 . Printed matter  1  can take the form of a book, magazine, manual, musical score, catalog, advertisement, newspaper, telephone or electronic service directory, or other like means. The controller—including microprocessor  4 —is preferably embedded within the spine or any other page of printed matter  1 . Display screen  6  can be an LED display, a passive or active matrix LCD display or other like means, and may also have an audio transducer associated therewith. Sensor  3  is preferably touch sensitive, but can also be a page sensor or a combination of touch and page sensor, as described below. In response to a user&#39;s touch, microprocessor  4  causes programming material to be retrieved from data server  2  and displayed on screen  6 . Data communication between server  2  and microprocessor  4  may operate via RF cellular, microwave, IR, optical, conductive, telephonic or CATV links, or any combination of these or other like means. 
         [0053]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 2 , which depicts an alternative embodiment of the invention comprising a printed matter  21 , an intelligent controller  24  and display unit  25 . Printed matter  21  includes at least one sensor  22  and a transmitter  23 . In response to a user&#39;s actuation of sensor  22 , transmitter  23  transmits a coded signal indicative of the identity of the actuated sensor. A receiver  26  in intelligent controller  24  receives the coded signal. Controller  24  then identifies the actuated sensor, and initiates display of appropriate programming material on display unit  25  (which can be a TV set or any other means for audio or audiovisual presentation, including but not limited to a personal computer). Programming material preferably derives from a mass storage device—e.g., a magnetic disk, CD-ROM, ROM, flash RAM, PCMCIA card or other memory means—associated with intelligent controller  24  (or with display unit  25 ). As used herein, the term “memory means” shall also include future storage technologies, such as the recently announced multi-layer CD-ROMs being developed by IBM. See “New I.B.M. Laser Method Stacks Data on Disks,”  New York Times , May 13, 1994. 
         [0054]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 3 , which depicts an embodiment of the invention in which intelligent controller  31  derives programming material from a remote server  30 . Controller  31  includes means for accessing a remote server  30  of programming material, and preferably further includes means for decompressing compressed programming material received from server  30 . In response to a coded signal received by receiver  26 , intelligent controller  31  sends an appropriate command to server  30  to select and initiate transfer of appropriate programming material. Controller  31  then receives programming material from remote server  30  and prepares (e.g., decompresses, if necessary) the material for presentation on display unit  25 . As with conventional pay-per-view CATV services and on-line computer services, the user is billed according to the volume and/or nature of programming material requested. 
         [0055]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 4 , which depicts an embodiment of the invention including a printed matter  40 , a feature recognition unit  42 , an intelligent controller  31 , a server  30  and a display unit  25 . Printed matter  40  includes at least one machine-recognizable feature  41  in the printed work, such as a bar code, invisible bar code, magnetic code, printed character, symbol or pictorial icon, or other feature. Feature recognition unit  42  is a hand-held device and includes means  44  for recognizing feature  41 , a transmitter  45  and an optional user actuation switch  43 . The user directs recognition unit  42  at a feature and depresses actuation switch  43 . In response thereto, means  44  for recognizing “reads” (i.e., for a printed feature, scans and identifies) the feature  41 , and transmitter  45  transmits a coded signal indicative of the identity of feature  41 . The operation of controller  31 , server  30  and display unit  25  is otherwise identical or similar to the  FIG. 3  embodiment. 
         [0056]    Still referring to  FIG. 4 , use of embedded features  41 —as opposed to sensors—lowers the fabrication cost of printed matter  40 . Advantageously, printed matter  40  can be a low cost, throw-away publication. 
         [0057]    An identification code generated either by recognition unit  42  or intelligent controller  31  allows the user to be billed for his/her use of transmitted material by server  30  and, for commercial applications, allows the advertiser to identify the potential customer. 
         [0058]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 4   a , which depicts an embodiment of the invention in which the functions of the intelligent controller are integrated into a recognition/control unit  46 . Unit  46  includes means  44  for recognizing a feature  41  and means  48  for accessing—preferably via a cellular RF link—programming material associated with a server  30 . In addition, the recognition/control unit  46  optionally includes a microprocessor. Either the recognition/control unit  46  or the display unit  47  may include means for decompressing compressed programming material. 
         [0059]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 4   b , which depicts an embodiment of the invention adapted for selecting portions of the information encoded in the machine recognizable features. The embodiment includes the feature recognition unit which is integrated into a recognition/display unit  46 . The unit  46  includes means  44  for recognizing a feature  41  and means  48  for accessing programming material associated with a server  30 . In addition, the unit  46  includes means  80  for displaying the programming material that was received via the unit  46  or intelligent controller. Additionally, the recognition/display unit  46  optionally includes a microprocessor. The recognition/display unit  46  or intelligent controller may include means for decompressing compressed programming material. A plurality of URLs are displayed on the display  80 . The plurality of URLs reflect a plurality of web sites and/or web pages in the machine recognizable feature. The plurality of URLs provide the user with the opportunity to select which web site and/or web pages containing user preferred information he or she would like to access before transmitting a command to the processing means associated with the remote server. 
         [0060]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 4   c , which shows display  80  in two different stages. The plurality of URLs are presented on the left. After the URL that the user is interested in is selected (in this case ‘Family Resorts’) another list of URLs is shown on the right. This list only contains URLs that are included in the ‘Family Resorts’ group of URLs. Therefore, not all of the URLs need to be downloaded. 
         [0061]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 5 , which depicts an embodiment of the invention utilizing a personal computer to access and display electronic programming material. In this embodiment, portions of the personal computer provide the functions of the previously-described intelligent controller, while other portions of the computer provide the functions of the display unit. The scope of this invention should not be limited to the traditional notions of Personal Computers. The present invention will find use in conjunction with more non-traditional applications such as WEB-TV®, Video Phones, as well as other chip based technologies. An interface unit  60  includes a receiver  26  for receiving a coded signal from a transmitter  23 , representative of an actuated sensor  22  (or, in an alternative embodiment which includes a feature recognition unit, from the feature recognition unit indicative of the selected feature) on printed matter  21 . Interface unit  60  connects to personal computer  61  by any conventional means, such as an I/O port, card slot, etc. Personal computer  61  monitors the interface unit  60 , and displays (or controls the display of) appropriate programming material selected by the user through his/her interaction with printed matter  21 . 
         [0062]    Programming material can be stored on personal computer  61 —on a ROM, CD-ROM, flash RAM, PCMCIA card, or other disk/card supplied along with printed matter  21 —or accessed from a remote data server  62 . 
         [0063]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 6 , which depicts an embodiment of the invention adapted for commercial and shop-at-home applications. The customer views and interacts with a printed matter  70  (via sensors or a feature recognition unit, both as previously described). Printed matter  70  is preferably a throw-away catalog or advertising brochure listing commercial items, such as programming choices, merchandise, travel or event schedules, or television and/or radio programming schedules. The user interacts with printed matter  70  (i.e., with certain features and/or sensors therein) to cause a coded signal  71  indicative of the customer&#39;s selection to be transmitted (either by a transmitter embedded in the printed matter or within a feature recognition unit) to controller  73 . In response thereto, controller  73  utilizes a modem/telephone (or other wired or wireless communication) link  74 - 75  to communicate the customer&#39;s selection to a commercial provider&#39;s remote office  78  (or to a centralized data bank or information superhighway). 
         [0064]    The commercial provider preferably uses a “caller ID” function to identify the customer and can respond in a number of ways: (i) have a representative contact the customer; (ii) send the ordered merchandise or tickets to the customer; (iii) direct a data server  72  to provide programming or additional promotional material via a CATV line  76  to controller  73 , which replays the material on the customer&#39;s TV set; or (iv) download and execute an interactive merchandise selection program on the customer&#39;s personal computer or any other electronic media input, output or sensory stimulating device. 
         [0065]    Reference is now made to  FIGS. 7-8 , which shows flow charts of an embodiment of the invention wherein a user can tailor the retrieval of programming material by using a user profile stored on the user device. 
         [0066]    As shown in  FIG. 7 , at step  710 , the user may create a user profile on the device. In step  712 , the user interacts with the device so that the device may receive certain information from the user. The user selectively chooses certain preferences for retrieval of particular types of programming material. For example, a user interested in meeting a dating partner might specify the type of dating partner he is interested in meeting, such as a dating partner having the following characteristics: Age (between 20 and 30), Ethnicity (White, Asian or African American), Educational Background (College Graduate), Musical Preferences (Hip-Hop), and Religious Preference (Christian). In step  714 , the device determines if the user has finished entering information. If the user has finished, the device creates a user profile in step  716 . In step  718 , the device stores the user profile in memory. The preferences may be stored in a user device such as a cell phone. 
         [0067]    As shown in  FIG. 8 , after starting at step  838 , the user captures information from printed matter with a device in step  840 . The user scans or otherwise reads or captures information encoded in the machine recognizable feature using a cell phone camera. For example, the user encounters an advertisement for a dating service in a printed matter, such as a newspaper or magazine, containing at least one machine recognizable feature such as a bar code or other printed indicia. The machine recognizable feature comprises a plurality of segments containing links to online profiles of prospective dating partners having certain specified criteria, such as age, ethnicity, religion, education, and so on. In step  844 , software in the user device decodes the information, finding links matching up with the user&#39;s stored preferences for dating partners, allowing the device to select the desired option to be retrieved. 
         [0068]    Then in step  846 , the device transmits the selection to the content provider. This is done by the transmission of a coded signal comprising said links to an online service provider. Then, in step  848 , the content provider transmits the desired electronic data to the device. To do this, the command sequence instructs the processor which electronic data to access and also instructs the processor where to send the electronic data. Then in step  850 , the device displays the selected content to the user that is related to the printed matter. 
         [0069]    In another example, a user creates a desired travel profile which is stored on a user device comprising a scanning means such as a cell phone camera. The user&#39;s profile comprises a plurality of interests including interest in child-friendly resorts with water parks. The scanning device is used to read codes embedded in a travel advertisement in a newspaper for travel packages, wherein enabling software on the scanning device detects encoded data in the code identifying links to information matching the user&#39;s desired travel profile and retrieves said information from a remote server. 
         [0070]    Reference is now made to  FIGS. 9-10 , which shows an embodiment wherein a user can tailor the retrieval of programming material by using a user profile stored on a third party service, including an online account, cloud services or an application. 
         [0071]    As shown in  FIG. 9 , at step  910 , the user may create a user profile on a third party service provider. In step  912 , the user interacts with menu options to input data including user preferences. The user selectively chooses user preferences for retrieval of particular types of programming material, or electronic data. For example, a user interested in sports, such as hockey and football, may input their recreational user preferences: Sport (hockey and football), Team (The Philadelphia Flyers and The Philadelphia Eagles), Venue (Wells Fargo Center and Lincoln Financial Field). In step  914 , the third party service provider determines if the user has finished entering user preferences. If the user has finished, the third party service provider creates a user profile as seen in step  916 . In step  918 , the third party service provider stores the user profile in a database, for example database  140  shown in  FIG. 10 . The database may be in a user device such as a computer, at a remote location, in the cloud, or in an online account. 
         [0072]    Reference is now made to  FIG. 10 , where a user with the above created user profile encounters printed matter  100 , such as an advertisement for the Philadelphia Flyers hockey game, containing at least one machine recognizable feature  101 , such as a bar code or other printed indicia. The machine recognizable feature  101  may comprise a plurality of segments containing links to online schedules, game statistics, ticket purchasing, player biographies and so on. The user captures electronic data encoded in the machine recognizable feature  101  using a feature recognizing device  119  contained in a user device  120 . For example, the user can scan or otherwise read or capture electronic data encoded in machine recognizable feature  101  using a cell phone camera or other capturing device. Optionally, menu options may be displayed to the user on a device display screen  116  allowing the user to select a desired option. For example, the user may select desired options from the plurality of segments containing links to online schedules, game statistics, ticket purchasing, player biographies and so on. 
         [0073]    Device  120  may then transmit the selected encoded data to a third party service provider  130  using link  125 , such as a wireless network. Third party service provider  130  may then transmit signals to the content provider  150  and to database  140  using links  145  and  135 . Information sent directly to the content provider  150  may contain the selected encoded data. Signals sent to database  140  may command the database  140  to transmit user preferences from the user profile stored on the database  140  to the content provider  150  using link  155 . Links  135 ,  145 , and  155  may comprise any wired or wireless networks known in the art. The content provider may contain a plurality of programming materials, or content, associated with the selected encoded data. The content provider  150  can access the plurality of programming materials based on the selected encoded data and select programming material based on the at least one user preference. The content provider  150  can then transmit the selected programming material to the third party service provider  130 . The third party provider  130  may in turn transmit the selected programming material back to the user device  120 . User device  120  may then display the selected programming material on the device display screen  116 . In one embodiment, the selected programming material may comprise content displayed on the display screen  116 . In another embodiment, the selected programming material may appear as a listing of URLs on the user device  120  allowing the user to select a desired URL. For example, if a user previously selected the option for online schedules and created a profile to include preferences: Sport (hockey), Team (The Philadelphia Flyers, The New York Rangers and The Boston Bruins), Venue (Wells Fargo Center, Madison Square Garden and The TD Banknorth Garden), then the URL may include schedules for Flyers v. Ranger, Rangers v. Bruins, Flyers v. Bruins, etc. Multiple URLs may be selected at one time. 
         [0074]    The user may be displayed with menu options for the desired segments contained in the machine recognizable feature  101  at any stage, for example, after the user device  120  receives the selected programming material from the third party service provider  130 . Alternatively, the machine recognizable feature  101  may comprise a single segment, for example a link to online schedules. 
         [0075]    Additionally, the user profile may be downloaded to the user device permanently, briefly or intermittently, and then sent along with the signal transmittal to the content provider  150 . The user profile may also be stored within the content provider  150  permanently. 
         [0076]    Third party service provide  130  may or may not serve as an intermediary between device  120 , database  140 , and content provider  150 . In other words, device  120  may communicate directly with database  140  and/or content provider  150 . Moreover, third party service provider  130 , database  140 , and content provider  150  may be integrated into a single computer or may be scattered among a plurality of computers without departing from the scope of the present invention. 
         [0077]    In another example shown in  FIG. 10 , a user sees an advertisement for “Vacation Packages” in a printed matter  100 , such as a newspaper or magazine, that contains a two dimensional barcode  101  or other printed indicia, such as an icon or symbol. The user may have a user profile with preferences for travel including: Number of Travelers (4), Ages of Travelers (45; 44; 11; 5), Lodging (Resort; All inclusive), Climate (70-90° C.), Activities (Water). The user engages a digital camera  119  housed in a cell phone  120  to capture the barcode  101  or other indicia in the printed matter, whereupon through a third party service provider  130 , a response menu appears on the cell phone&#39;s display  116  showing a range of retrievable content, such as “Beachfront Resorts,” “Family Resorts”, “Family Resorts with Waterparks,” etc. The user then selects one or more of these response options, initiating desired programming material to be retrieved from the content provider  150  and displayed on the cell phone display  116 . Alternatively, the user is not presented with response options, but simply engages a digital camera  119  housed in a cell phone  120  to capture the barcode  101  or other indicia in the printed matter, whereupon through a third party service provider  130 , content tailored to the user&#39;s profile is retrieved and displayed on the cell phone&#39;s display  116 , such as a listing of all inclusive resorts with water activities. 
       The Apparatus Perspective 
       [0078]    The various technologies used to implement the individual functional components that comprise a part of this invention are described below. 
       Touch Pad Technology 
       [0079]    Referring now to  FIG. 2 , a plurality of touch sensors  22  are embedded within the back binding of the printed matter  21 . Alternatively, touch sensors  22  can be positioned along inner or outer margins of the binding, or of particular pages, of printed matter  21  (or along an edge of a mounting tray in which a disposable printed matter is placed). Electronics mounted within printed matter  21  (or within a mounting tray) responds to the actuation of a touch sensor  22  and transmits a coded signal indicative of the identity of the actuated sensor. 
         [0080]    Advantageously, touch sensors can be combined with page sensors—as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,209,665; 4,990,092; 4,636,881 and 4,809,246, all previously incorporated herein—to provide a larger number of “effective sensors.” In this embodiment, each time a sensor is actuated, the electronics within the printed matter also checks the page sensor(s) to determine which page is currently being viewed. The electronics then generates a coded signal that identifies both the sensor actuated and the currently visible page. Thus, each (page, sensor) combination represents, in essence, a single “effective sensor.” 
         [0081]    Hybrid embodiments combining touch pads and page sensors are also possible. For example, a printed matter might contain a sheet of touch sensors every so many pages, with the page interval being dependent on the stiffness of the pages and the responsiveness of the sensors. That is, if the maximum number of pages through which a user&#39;s touch could be reliably detected by a touch sensor was X, then the printed matter would preferably include a sheet of touch sensors every X pages of text. 
       Intelligent Controllers and Data/Communication Servers 
       [0082]    In accordance with several embodiments of the invention, an intelligent controller controls the selection of programming in a video “file server” system. File servers are well known in the art. Generally, as used herein, the term intelligent controller can refer to computer equipment having either: (a) some type of mass storage device, typically a magnetic or magneto-optical disk, that is connected to a network and utilized as central storage for multiple users via the network; and/or (b) some type of network interface which allows establishment of a communication link with other user(s). 
         [0083]    Referring to a “file server” type of intelligent controller, the information that is typically stored on such a system consists of binary computer data such as executable programs and corresponding data. Exemplary of the types of corresponding data stored are numbers for spreadsheets, ASCII characters and codes for word processors, and drawing commands for drawing and CAD programs. These or similar types of data do not generally have a time element associated with them, nor do they generally require any extra processing beyond the usual interpretation that is accomplished by the computer program with which they are intended to be used. 
         [0084]    In contrast, the playback of audio/video information has a time element associated with its use. Furthermore, the amount of data required to store audio/video program information in “raw” digital form is often prohibitive. Thus, it is common to employ audio/video compression techniques to compress audio/video program information before it is stored. As a result, further processing in the form of decompression and digital-to-analog conversion is required before the real-time viewing of an audio/video program can take place. Decompression may be accomplished through the use of known hardware or software techniques. Digital-to-analog conversion may be required, depending on the type of equipment used for viewing the audio/video program. A known audio/video file server apparatus manufactured and marketed by Protocomm of Trevose, Pa. permits real-time playback of compressed audio/video program information. 
         [0085]    Generally, modern audio/video file server systems include: a storage unit for centrally storing compressed digital audio/video program information, a transceiver for receiving compressed digital audio/video program information from an external source over a network (or wireless communication link) to update the stored audio/video program information, a plurality of playback units, each associated with an external playback line and an external playback station, each including a decompression unit, for receiving selected compressed digital audio/video program information from the storage unit, for decompressing the selected compressed digital audio/video program information received from the storage unit, and for playing it in real time over the associated playback line to the associated playback station, a network interface unit for receiving playback requests from the playback units, and a processor for controlling the storage and playback units to play the decompressed selected audio/video program information in real time for viewing by users at selected playback stations. 
         [0086]    Such a system is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,262,875 entitled “Audio/Video File Server Including Decompression/Playback Means,” which is incorporated herein by reference. The &#39;875 system can be adapted to operate in accordance with the present invention by coupling intelligent controller of the present invention with the &#39;875 system&#39;s network interface unit (which provides the playback requests to the playback unit). In the &#39;875 system: “Playback may be initiated through a user request from one of the playback stations or through direct interaction with audio/video file server 5. In the latter case, a simple user interface, such as a menu interface, may be employed for selection of the desired program information and the playback station. For example, a menu of the available items of audio/video program information, as named by the user or by the system, may be presented. The user may make a selection through cursor control keys on a keyboard.” 
         [0087]    In contrast, the present invention permits the user to select and control the presentation of audio/video programming through a familiar printed matter interface, as has been previously described. The present invention thus offers the advantage of nearly universal accessibility. 
         [0088]    In accordance with the present invention, multimedia programming is preferably delivered from the file server(s) to the replay unit via an Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN). U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,859 entitled “ISDN Multimedia Communications System,” incorporated herein by reference, describes such a system. 
         [0089]    In accordance with the invention, a variety of means can be employed to communicate selection instructions to the video server and to communicate programming material from the server, database or third party service to the user&#39;s display unit. Communication means may include cable modem, Ethernet connection, wireless internet connection, wireless telecommunication links such as GSM and EDGE, CATV line, microwave link, DSB link, optical fiber link, cellular radio link, or enhanced bandwidth telephone connection. Additional communication means known in the art may also be used. 
         [0090]    Communication means may be chosen based on the requirements of the communication. For communications such as selection instructions or initial signal transmittal requiring only a very compact, low bandwidth connection a cellular radio or wireless telecommunication link may be used. For communications requiring a high bandwidth such as audio/video programming a wireless internet or optical fiber connection may be used. Variations in communication means may exist within a single embodiment or across separate embodiments. 
         [0091]    Although the invention has been described above with reference to several presently preferred embodiments, such embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to define the scope of, or exhaustively enumerate the features of, the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention shall be defined by the following claims. Where a feature or limitation of a preferred embodiment is omitted in a claim, it is the inventors&#39; intent that such claim not be construed to impliedly require the omitted feature or limitation.