Abstract:
A gas analyzer is capable of detecting abnormality of a measurement environment without using either or both of a pressure sensor and a gas temperature sensor. The gas analyzer creates absorption spectra from transmitted light intensity of laser beams applied to gas for measuring the amount of spread W and compares the amount of spread against a threshold D. The amount of spread of the absorption spectra does not depend on pressure if the pressure of the gas to be measured falls within a high-vacuum region, and monotonously increases with increased pressure if the pressure of the gas to be measured is higher than the high-vacuum region. Thus, if W&gt;D, it is determined that the measurement environment does not form a high-vacuum region and abnormality is transmitted to the outside. In all other cases, the measurement environment is deemed to form a high-vacuum region, and partial pressure is calculated.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a gas analyzer that uses laser absorption spectroscopy for measuring the partial pressure of a specific gas in a gas to be measured. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    A method for measuring the partial pressure of a specific gas in a gas to be measured that has been proposed in recent years is laser absorption spectroscopy that uses a wavelength variable laser (see, for example, Patent Literature 1). With this method, a sample cell into which a gas to be measured has been introduced is irradiated with a laser beam while changing its wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range. The laser beam that has been transmitted through the gas to be measured is analyzed, and a partial pressure of a specific gas is calculated from the amount of absorption by the specific gas in the gas to be measured. Because there is no contact between the gas to be measured and the light source or the photoreceptors, this device offers advantages such as measurements being possible without disrupting the field (non-contact measurement) and the extremely quick response time (high time-resolution). 
         [0003]      FIG. 1  shows one example of a gas analyzer of the previous type that uses laser absorption spectroscopy. With this gas analyzer, a sample cell  1  is positioned to be substantially orthogonal to the direction of gas flow path  2  through which the gas to be measured flows. Reflection mirrors  3  and  4 , which oppose each other, are disposed at either ends of sample cell  1 . A transparent window  5  through which only light can pass is disposed on reflection mirror  3 . An optical chamber  6  with a substantially sealed structure and whose atmosphere is at substantially atmospheric pressure is disposed outside of sample cell  1  with said transparent window  5  interposed in between. Contained within the optical chamber  6  are a wavelength variable laser  7  and a photodetector  8 . 
         [0004]    A pressure sensor  9  and a gas temperature sensor  10  are installed in sample cell  1 , the pressure sensor  9  measuring the pressure (total pressure) of the gas to be measured and the gas temperature sensor  10  measuring the temperature of the gas to be measured. 
         [0005]    With the gas analyzer shown in  FIG. 1 , under the control of laser controller  11 , wavelength variable laser  7  emits a laser beam while varying its wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range that includes the center wavelength of the absorption spectrum of a specific gas. The laser beam that is emitted by wavelength variable laser  7  passes through transparent window  5  and enters sample cell  1  and makes round-trips between reflection mirrors  3  and  4  during which the laser beam is absorbed by a specific gas in the gas to be measured. The laser beam then travels through transparent window  5  and returns into optical chamber  6  where the intensity of the transmitted light is measured by photodetector  8 . 
         [0006]    The transmission light intensity measured by photodetector  8  and the pressure and the temperature of the gas to be measured—measured by pressure sensor  9  and gas temperature sensor  10 —undergo signal processing such as analog/digital conversion and noise elimination and are input to computation unit  12  where the partial pressure of the specific gas is calculated using a predetermined computational process.
   Patent Literature 1: Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H05-99845   Non-Patent Literature 1: J. J. Olivero and R. L. Longbothum, “Empirical Fits to the Voigt Line Width: A Brief Review,” Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, Vol. 17 (1977), pp. 233-236.   
 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    As afore-described, in addition to the laser measurement system, gas analyzers of the previous type that use laser absorption spectroscopy are equipped with a pressure sensor and a gas temperature sensor, which concurrently measure the pressure and temperature of the gas to be measured while the intensity of the transmitted light is measured. 
         [0010]    Another example of the use of a gas analyzer is in a predetermined high-vacuum region such as for measuring the partial pressure in an exhaust line of a semiconductor process device. For such limited purposes, in calculating the partial pressure of a specific gas, what is important is not the precise pressure of the gas to be measured but rather whether the measurement environment is at a high vacuum or not. With such use, a pressure sensor is not always necessary. Also, if the temperature of the gas to be measured is known in advance and is kept substantially constant, a gas temperature sensor is not always necessary. 
         [0011]    However, with a configuration wherein a gas temperature sensor or a pressure sensor is not provided, rapid changes in pressure or temperature of the gas to be measured caused by some abnormality in the measurement environment will go undetected, raising the risk that an erroneous partial pressure value will be output as the correct measurement result. With previous gas analyzers, even if the use may be limited and measuring the pressure or temperature of the gas to be measured is not always unnecessary, a pressure sensor and a gas temperature sensor were provided for detecting abnormalities in the measurement environment. However, pressure sensors and gas temperature sensors are generally not inexpensive, and they occupy physical space. 
         [0012]    The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a gas analyzer capable of detecting abnormalities of a measurement environment without using either or both of a pressure sensor and a gas temperature sensor. 
         [0013]    The gas analyzer according to the present invention that was made to solve the afore-described problem includes: an irradiation means for irradiating a laser beam onto a gas to be measured; a laser control means for controlling the laser irradiation means so that the emission wavelength of the laser beam changes over a predetermined wavelength range that includes the center wavelength of the absorption spectrum of a specific gas that is included in the gas to be measured; and a light-receiving means for receiving the laser beam that has been transmitted through the gas to be measured; and further including: 
         [0000]    a) a spectrum creation means for creating an absorption spectrum from detection signals of the laser beam received by the light-receiving means;
 
b) an amount-of-spread measurement means for measuring the amount of spread of a peak of the absorption spectrum; and
 
c) a determination means for determining whether or not the amount of spread falls within a predetermined range.
 
         [0014]    The inventor of the present application focused on the fact that the shape of an absorption spectrum depends on both pressure and temperature when the pressure of a gas to be measured is within a low-vacuum region (e.g., approximately 1 Torr or more) and that the shape of the peak of the absorption spectrum depends solely on temperature and not on pressure when the pressure of the gas to be measured is in a high-vacuum region (e.g., approximately no more than 1 Torr). With the gas analyzer according to the present invention, an absorption spectrum is created from detection signals of a laser beam. The amount of spread represented by such values as half-width at half-maximum or full-width at half-maximum of the absorption spectrum are constantly measured to monitor whether or not the pressure of the gas to be measured falls within a high-vacuum region. By so doing, a pressure sensor can be eliminated from the device configuration, thus lowering the cost and the size of the device. 
         [0015]    Furthermore, the gas analyzer according to the present invention can also be used for detecting abnormalities in gas temperature in a measurement environment where the gas temperature is known in advance and remains constant but the pressure of the gas to be measured changes from atmospheric pressure to a high-vacuum region. With such use, because the gas analyzer according to the present invention allows a gas temperature sensor to be eliminated from a device configuration, the cost and the size of the device can be reduced as afore-described. 
         [0016]    Furthermore, if the pressure of the gas to be measured is in a high-vacuum region and the gas temperature is known in advance and is constant, both the pressure sensor and the gas temperature sensor can be eliminated from the device configuration. In that case, the gas analyzer according to the present invention can detect abnormalities in either the pressure or the temperature of the gas to be measured. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0017]      FIG. 1  shows a schematic view of a previous gas analyzer. 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  is a graph showing the relationship between the pressure of a gas to be measured and the half-width at half-maximum of an absorption spectrum. 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of a gas analyzer according to the present invention as a moisture measurement apparatus. 
           [0020]      FIG. 4  shows a schematic view of the control system and the signal processing system of the first embodiment as a moisture measurement apparatus. 
           [0021]      FIG. 5  shows a block diagram of the configuration of a computation unit of the first embodiment as a moisture measurement apparatus. 
           [0022]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart showing the process flow in the computation unit of the first embodiment as a moisture measurement apparatus. 
           [0023]      FIG. 7(   a ) shows a schematic view of the spectrum waveform of transmission light intensity I that is detected by the photoreceptor of the first embodiment as a moisture measurement apparatus; (b) shows a schematic view of the laser beam intensity I 0  prior to absorption by water molecules and created by approximation using data in the non-absorption bands on both sides of the peak; and (c) shows a schematic view of the spectrum for absorption amount A=ln(I/I 0 ). 
           [0024]      FIG. 8  shows a schematic view of a first variation of the configuration of the first embodiment as a moisture measurement apparatus. 
           [0025]      FIG. 9  shows a schematic view of a second variation of the configuration of the first embodiment as a moisture measurement apparatus. 
           [0026]      FIG. 10  shows a block diagram of the configuration of a computation unit of the second embodiment of the present invention as a moisture measurement apparatus. 
           [0027]      FIG. 11  is a flowchart showing the process flow in the computation unit of the second embodiment of the present invention as a moisture measurement apparatus. 
           [0028]      FIG. 12  shows a block diagram of the configuration of a computation unit of a variation of the second embodiment of the present invention as a moisture measurement apparatus. 
           [0029]      FIG. 13  shows a block diagram of the configuration of a computation unit of a vacuum level determination device according to the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0030]    The general theory of laser absorption spectroscopy is first described. Let I 0 (ν) and I(ν) respectively represent the intensity of a laser beam before and after absorption by a specific gas in a gas to be measured at a certain frequency ν, and let the amount of absorption be represented by: 
         [0000]        A (ν)=ln( I   0 (ν)/ I (ν))  (1)
 
         [0031]    The following equation then holds based on the Lambert-Beer Law. 
         [0000]        A (ν)= P   S   ×L×S ( T )× K (ν)/( k   B   T )  (2)
 
         [0032]    Here, P S  represents the partial pressure of the specific gas; L the length of the optical path passing through the gas to be measured; S(T) the absorption linear intensity, which is a function of gas temperature T; K(ν) the absorption property function that represents the shape of the peak of the absorption spectrum (absorption amount A spectrum); and k B  the Boltzmann constant. 
         [0033]    The behavior of the absorption property function K(ν) changes depending on the pressure region of the gas to be measured. For example, if the pressure of the gas to be measured is in a pressure region that is close to atmospheric pressure, the effect of the collision among gas molecules becomes dominant, and the absorption property function K(ν) is represented by the following Lorentz function: 
         [0000]        K (ν)=γ L /[π{(ν−ν 0 ) 2 +γ L }]  (3)
 
         [0034]    Here, ν 0  is the center frequency of the absorption spectrum. γ L  represents the half-width at half-maximum of K(ν) and A(ν) and is referred to as the Lorents width. The Lorents width γ L  can be approximated by the following equation: 
         [0000]      γ L =γ L0 ( P/P   0 )( T   0   /T ) α   (4)
 
         [0035]    Here, P represents the pressure (total pressure) of the gas to be measured, T the temperature of the gas to be measured, γ L0  the half-width at half-maximum of A(ν) and K(ν) at standard condition (standard pressure P 0  and standard temperature T 0 ), and α a Lorents width temperature coefficient. 
         [0036]    Equations (3) and (4) show that the shape of the absorption spectrum peak depends on the pressure and temperature of the gas to be measured. It is also evident that, with gases whose γ L0  and α are known in advance, K(ν) can be calculated by measuring the pressure and temperature of the gas to be measured. 
         [0037]    The absorption linear intensity S(T) can be approximated by multiplying the absorption linear intensity S(T 0 ) at the standard condition by a correction term that relates to temperature T. 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
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         [0000]    Here, h represents the Planck constant, c the speed of light, E j  the pre-transition energy level of the absorption line, and Q the partition function. Therefore, with a specific gas whose S(T 0 ), E j  and Q are known in advance, the absorption linear intensity S(T) can be calculated from the measured temperature of the gas to be measured. 
         [0038]    As afore-described, by measuring the pressure and the temperature of the gas to be measured, the absorption property function K(ν) and absorption linear intensity S(T) can be calculated for specific gases whose γ L0 , α, S(T 0 ), E j  and Q are known. Furthermore, since the optical path length L is known, it is possible to calculate partial pressure P S  of the specific gas by measuring the amount of absorption A at a predetermined frequency ν (e.g., at absorption center frequency ν 0 ). 
         [0039]    On the other hand, in extremely low pressure regions, the spread of the absorption spectrum peak will become narrower than the afore-described Lorentz function by a single-digit factor to several double-digit factor. In such a pressure region, the spread of the absorption spectrum is primarily determined by the Doppler effect, and the absorption property function K(ν) is represented by the following Gaussian function. 
         [0000]        K (ν)=1/[γ ED ×π 1/2 ×exp{(ν−ν 0 )/γ E0 } 2 ]  (6)
 
         [0040]    γ ED  in equation (6) is referred to as the Doppler width and represents the half-width at half-maximum of A(ν) and K(ν) at a high-vacuum region. Here, γ ED  is represented by the following equation as a function of molecular weight M of the specific gas: 
         [0000]      γ ED =ν 0   /c ×(2 k   B   T/M ) 1/2   (7)
 
         [0041]    Equation (7) shows that γ ED  does not depend on the pressure of the gas to be measured. This means that for a specific predetermined high-vacuum region, there is no need to measure the pressure of the gas to be measured to calculate the partial pressure of a specific gas. 
         [0042]    For a pressure region falling between atmospheric pressure and a high-vacuum region, the absorption property function K(ν) is represented by a convolution function of the Lorentz function represented by equation (3) and the Gaussian function represented by equation (6). Furthermore, half-width at half-maximum γ V  of the absorption amount A(ν) and absorption property function K(ν) in the intermediate pressure region is often approximated and represented by the following equation (Non-Patent Literature 1). 
         [0000]      γ V =0.5346γ L +{0.2166γ L   2 +ln(2)×γ ED   2 } 1/2   (8)
 
         [0043]    Here, γ V  is referred to as the Voigt width. As equation (8) shows, since γ V  includes γ L , it is clear that in an intermediate pressure region, unlike in a high-vacuum region, it is necessary to measure the pressure of the gas to be measured in order to measure the partial pressure of a specific gas. 
         [0044]    As shown above, in an inteiuxediate pressure region and in a pressure region close to atmospheric pressure, the half-width at half-maximum and peak shape of the absorption spectrum depend on both pressure and temperature while they depend only on temperature in a high-vacuum region. In fact, the result shown in  FIG. 2  was experimentally obtained when half-width at half-maximum of absorption property function K(ν) was plotted as a function of the pressure of the gas to be measured while holding the type and temperature of the gas to be measured constant. The graph shown in  FIG. 2  shows that in a pressure region above approximately 1 Torr, half-width at half-maximum changes as a function of pressure while in a high-vacuum region of less than approximately 1 Torr, half-width at half-maximum does not depend on pressure. 
         [0045]    The present invention uses the fact that, in a high-vacuum region, measuring the pressure of the gas to be measured is unnecessary for measuring the partial pressure of a specific gas. By restricting the measurement environment to a high-vacuum region of less than approximately 1 Tarr, a pressure sensor is eliminated from the configuration of the gas analyzer. A gas analyzer according to the present invention is configured so that if the pressure of the gas to be measured is higher than a high-vacuum region, this is detected as an abnormality of the measurement environment. This increases the reliability of the partial pressure that is measured and reduces the size and cost of the device. 
       Embodiment 1 
       [0046]    A first embodiment of a gas analyzer according to the present invention as a moisture measurement apparatus is described next with reference to figures. 
         [0047]      FIG. 3  shows a schematic view of the present embodiment as a moisture measurement apparatus. The measurement optical system of the moisture measurement apparatus is the same as that described above for a gas measurement apparatus of the previous type shown in  FIG. 1 . In other words, the measurement optical system includes a gas flow path  2  through which the gas to be measured flows, a sample cell  1  that is positioned in gas flow path  2  to be substantially orthogonal to the direction of gas flow path  2 , reflection mirrors  3  and  4 , which oppose each other that are disposed at either ends of sample cell  1 , a transparent window  5  through which only light can pass that is disposed on reflection mirror  3 , an optical chamber  6  with a substantially sealed structure and whose atmosphere is at substantially atmospheric pressure that is disposed outside of sample cell  1  with said transparent window  5  interposed in between, wavelength variable laser (laser irradiation unit)  7  whose emission wavelength is controllable by laser controller  11  that is housed within optical chamber  6 , and a photodetector (photoreceptor)  8 , which is also housed within optical chamber  6  for measuring the intensity of the absorbed light. 
         [0048]    Usable as wavelength variable laser  7  is a DFB (distributed feedback) type laser that emits at 1.3 μm, which is included in the absorption spectrum of water molecules. In addition to this laser, any wavelength variable laser that emits at a wavelength included within the absorption spectrum of water molecules can be used. Needless to say, to measure the partial pressure of a specific gas other than water, a wavelength variable laser that emits at a wavelength that is included in the absorption spectrum of the particular specific gas is used. 
         [0049]    The photodetector  8  includes photoelectric conversion device  34  such as a photodiode and an I/V conversion amplifier  35  for converting the current signal obtained by the photoelectric conversion device into a voltage signal ( FIG. 4 ). Moisture (interfering moisture) inside the optical chamber is eliminated by a purge gas, dehumidifying agent and the like, and its partial pressure is reduced to an ignorable level. 
         [0050]    Unlike previous gas analyzers, the moisture measurement apparatus of the present embodiment is equipped only with a gas temperature sensor  10  and does not have a pressure sensor. Furthermore, the computation unit  20  includes: a spectrum creation unit  21  that uses detection signals from photodetector  8  to create the absorption spectrum of a specific gas; an amount-of-spread measurement unit  22  for measuring the amount of spread in the peak of the spectrum; a determination unit  23  for determining whether or not the amount of spread falls within a predetermined range; and a partial pressure calculation unit that uses equations (2), (5), (6) and (7), the intensity of the absorption spectrum for a predetermined wavelength and the temperature measured by gas temperature sensor  10  for calculating partial pressure P S  of the water vapor (see  FIG. 5 ). The results obtained by the abnormality detection unit  23  and the partial pressure calculation unit  24  are sent to an output unit  13  such as monitors and the like. 
         [0051]    Platinum resistance thermometer sensors, thermistors, thermocouples and the like can be used as the gas temperature sensor  10 . 
         [0052]    In  FIG. 3 , laser beam L 1  that is emitted by the wavelength variable laser  7  under the control of laser controller  11  passes through transparent window  5 , enters sample cell  1  and is repeatedly reflected by reflection mirrors  3  and  4 . With the optical path shown in  FIG. 3 , the laser beam traverses across gas flow path  2  and makes two round-trips between reflection mirrors  3  and  4 . However, the optical system may be constructed so that more than two round-trips are made. As the laser beam traverses across the gas flow path  2 , the laser beam is absorbed by moisture that is present in the gas. The laser beam L 2  following the absorption by moisture as afore-described passes through transparent window  5  and returns into optical chamber  6  and reaches photodetector  8 . The electrical signal that is output by photodetector  8  is processed to eliminate noise, undergo analog/digital conversion and the like and is input to the computation unit  20 . Furthermore, the temperature of the gas to be measured in sample cell  1  is converted to an electrical signal by gas temperature sensor  10  and undergoes a predetermined signal processing after which the signal is input to the computation unit  20 . After predetermined processes are performed based on these input signals by the computation unit  20 , abnormalities in the measurement environment are detected, and the partial pressure of the specific gas is calculated. The results are then output to the output unit  13 . 
         [0053]    The control systems and signal processing systems for the different units of the present embodiment as a moisture measurement apparatus are described next with reference to  FIG. 4 . 
         [0054]    The laser controller  11  includes current controller  31 , digital/analog converter (DAC)  32  and voltage/current converter (V/I)  33 . The DAC 32  converts the digital data that is output by current controller  31  for repeatedly sweeping the wavelength region close to the absorption spectrum of water molecules to a sweep voltage and outputs the sweep voltage. The sweep voltage is then converted to a current signal by V/I  33 , and a driving current having a sawtooth pattern is provided to wavelength variable laser  7 . This causes the wavelength variable laser  7  to emit a laser beam whose wavelength repeatedly changes with time over a predetermined wavelength range. 
         [0055]    Laser beam L 2  is received by photodetector  8  after the laser beam is first emitted by wavelength variable laser  7  and then absorbed by water molecules. In response to receiving the laser beam L 2 , the photodetector  8  outputs a voltage signal. The voltage signal is amplified by amplifier  41 , noise components therein are removed by low-pass filter (LPF)  42 , and the voltage signal is converted to digital values by analog/digital converter (ADC)  43 . The digital values are then input to computation unit  20 . 
         [0056]    The temperature of the gas to be measured in sample cell  1  is converted to a voltage signal by gas temperature sensor  10 . The voltage signal is converted to digital values by ADC  44 , and the digital values are input to computation unit  20 . 
         [0057]    The specific processing procedure that is performed by computation unit  20  is described next with reference to the flowchart shown in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0058]    First, in step A 1 , an absorption spectrum is created by spectrum creation unit  21  based on the emission wavelength of the laser beam and the signal strength of the transmitted light that is input from ADC  43 . The absorption spectrum is created in the following way. First, as shown in  FIG. 7(   a ), a transmission light intensity I(ν) spectrum is created. Next, using the data for transmission light intensity I(ν) in the non-absorption band, which is not affected by absorption by water molecules, I 0 (ν) is created by approximation (see  FIG. 7(   b )). Then, using the data for transmission light intensity I(ν) and I 0 (ν) obtained by approximation, a spectrum (absorption spectrum) showing absorption amount A is created ( FIG. 7(   c )). 
         [0059]    Next, the amount-of-spread measurement unit  22  measures the amount of spread W for the peak in the absorption spectrum shown in  FIG. 7(   c ) (step A 2 ). With the present embodiment, full-width at half-maximum of the peak is used as the amount of spread. However, any quantitative measurement that allows determining a change in peak width such as half-width at half-maximum or the width of the tails at either sides of the peak can be used as the measure of the amount of spread. 
         [0060]    In step A 3 , full-width at half-maximum W that was measured in step A 2  as indicating the amount of spread is used by determination unit  23  for determining whether or not the measurement environment is in a high-vacuum region. As shown in  FIG. 2  and represented by equations (4) and (8), if the pressure of the gas to be measured is in a pressure region higher than the high-vacuum region, the width of the peak of the absorption spectrum monotonically increases with increased pressure. This means that a threshold value D for the amount of spread can be defined in advance, and the amount of spread W measured by the amount-of-spread measurement unit  22  can be compared against the threshold value D to determine whether or not the measurement environment is in a predetermined high-vacuum region. Specifically, if W&gt;D, the measurement environment is determined to be not in a high-vacuum region, and abnormality is output to the outside via output unit  13  (step A 4 ). If that is not the case, the measurement environment is determined to be in a high-vacuum region, and the partial pressure is calculated by the partial pressure calculation unit  24  (step A 5 ). 
         [0061]    If the temperature of the gas to be measured varies greatly, the threshold value D has to be defined taking into account the temperature change. In this case, the temperature that is measured by gas temperature sensor  10  can be substituted in equation (7) so that D=2γ ED . This allows a threshold value to be defined that corresponds to the change in temperature. 
         [0062]    Even though, with the present embodiment, the high-vacuum region was defined to be a pressure region of less than approximately 1 Torr, this value is not a specific limitation. For example, if the change in the shape of the peak or the half-width at half-maximum of the absorption spectrum caused by a change in pressure is not significant, a wider pressure region can be defined as the high-vacuum region. 
         [0063]    A first variation of the present embodiment as a moisture analysis apparatus is shown in  FIG. 8 . Unlike the moisture analysis apparatus of the afore-described embodiment, the moisture analysis apparatus of the first variation is configured with a pressure sensor  9  but not with a gas temperature sensor  10 . Other than this difference, the configuration is the same as that of the afore-described embodiment. 
         [0064]    By using the moisture analysis apparatus having the configuration shown in  FIG. 8 , so long as the gas temperature is known and is constant, abnormalities in gas temperature can be detected by comparing the amount of spread W against a threshold value D even for a measurement environment where the pressure of the gas to be measured changes from atmospheric pressure to a high-vacuum region. 
         [0065]    Furthermore, if the pressure of the gas to be measured is in a high-vacuum region and the gas temperature is known in advance, even a gas temperature sensor can be eliminated from the device configuration as shown in the second variation shown in  FIG. 9  while detecting abnormalities in either the pressure or the temperature of the gas to be measured. 
       Embodiment 2 
       [0066]    The afore-described embodiments were capable of notifying to the outside of just abnormalities that are detected when the amount of spread W does not fall within a predetermined range. In doing this, it is also possible to configure the device to calculate the pressure of the gas to be measured from the measured values of temperature and the amount of spread and to output the results to an output unit  13 . This is explained with reference to the block diagram shown in  FIG. 10  and the flowchart shown in  FIG. 11 . 
         [0067]    The configuration of the moisture measurement apparatus of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in  FIG. 3  except for the fact that the computation unit  20  is replaced by computation unit  20 A shown in  FIG. 10 . The configuration of computation unit  20 A is the same as that of computation unit  20  except for the new addition of a total pressure calculation unit  25 . 
         [0068]    The specific processing procedure that is used by computation unit  20 A in this embodiment as a moisture measurement apparatus is described next. The processing procedure used by computation unit  20   a  in this embodiment is substantially the same as that of computation unit  20  in the first embodiment but is different in that if an abnormality is detected in step B 3 , the total pressure calculation unit  25  uses the measured values of amount of spread W and temperature T to calculate pressure P of the gas to be measured (step B 4 ). Because the fact that an abnormality is detected here means that the pressure of the gas to be measured has changed from a high-vacuum region to an intermediate pressure region, if full-width at half-maximum is used as the measure of the amount of spread W as in the first embodiment, W/2 becomes equal to Voigt width γ V . Hence, pressure P of the gas to be measured can be calculated based on temperature T that is measured by gas temperature sensor  10 , Voigt width γ V =W/2 and equations (3), (6) and (8). 
         [0069]    Just as with the afore-described embodiment, even with the first variation of the configuration of the first embodiment, gas temperature T can be calculated from the measured values of amount of spread W and pressure P. The device configuration of this variation is substantially the same as that shown in  FIG. 8 , and the only difference is the replacement of computation unit  20  with computation unit  20 B shown in  FIG. 12 . Furthermore, the only change that is made with computation unit  20 B is the replacement of total pressure calculation unit  25  identified in the afore-described embodiment with temperature calculation unit  26 . 
         [0070]    With this variation of the moisture analysis apparatus, the equation that is used by the temperature calculation unit  26  for the calculation of temperature is selected from among equations (4), (7) and (8) depending on the pressure region to which the pressure that is measured by pressure sensor  9  belongs. Then, based on the selected equation, temperature T is calculated based on the measured values of pressure P and amount of spread W. 
       Embodiment 3 
       [0071]    The first and second embodiments of the gas analyzers according to the present invention can also be used as a vacuum level determination device for determining the level of vacuum inside sample cell (measurement space)  1 . The configuration of the vacuum level determination device of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first and second embodiments of the gas analyzer except for the elimination of partial pressure measurement unit  24  from the configuration of computation unit  20  or  20 A as shown in  FIG. 13(   a ) showing computation unit  20 C or  FIG. 13(   b ) showing computation unit  20 D. The vacuum level determination device is capable of constantly monitoring, in a non-contact manner and with a high time resolution, whether or not the pressure within a sample cell (measurement space)  1  falls within a predetermined high-vacuum region. 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE NUMERICAL REFERENCES 
       [0000]    
       
           1 . Sample cell 
           2 . Gas flow path 
           3 . Reflection mirror 
           5 . Transparent window 
           6 . Optical chamber 
           7 . Wavelength variable laser (laser irradiation unit) 
           8 . Photodetector (photoreceptor) 
           9 . Pressure sensor 
           10 . Gas temperature sensor 
           11 . Laser controller 
           12 ,  20 ,  20 A,  20 B,  20 C,  20 D. Computation unit 
           13 . Output unit 
           21 . Spectrum creation unit 
           22 . Amount-of-spread measurement unit 
           23 . Determination unit 
           24 . Partial pressure calculation unit 
           25 . Total pressure calculation unit 
           26 . Temperature calculation unit 
           31 . Current controller 
           32 . Digital/analog converter (DAC) 
           33 . Voltage/current converter (V/I) 
           34 . Photoelectric conversion device 
           35 . I/V conversion amplifier 
           41 . Amplifier 
           42 . Low-pass filter (LPF) 
           43 ,  44 . Analog/digital converter (ADC)