Abstract:
A synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising: (a) 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate; and (b) flumetsulam. A synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising: (a) 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate; (b) diclosulam.

Description:
[0001]    This invention relates to combinations of biocides, the combinations having greater activity than would be observed for the individual antimicrobial compounds. 
         [0002]    Use of combinations of at least two antimicrobial compounds can broaden potential markets, reduce use concentrations and costs, and reduce waste. In some cases, commercial antimicrobial compounds cannot provide effective control of microorganisms, even at high use concentrations, due to weak activity against certain types of microorganisms, e.g., those resistant to some antimicrobial compounds. Combinations of different antimicrobial compounds are sometimes used to provide overall control of microorganisms in a particular end use environment. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,197,805 discloses a combination of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate (IPBC) and 2-(methoxycarbonylamino)benzimidazole, but this reference does not suggest any of the combinations claimed herein. Moreover, there is a need for additional combinations of antimicrobial compounds having enhanced activity against various strains of microorganisms to provide effective control of the microorganisms, especially in dry film coatings. The problem addressed by this invention is to provide such additional combinations of antimicrobial compounds. 
       STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The present invention is directed to a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising: (a) 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate; and (b) flumetsulam; wherein a weight ratio of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate to flumetsulam is from 10:1 to 1:10. 
         [0004]    The present invention is further directed to a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising: (a) 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate; and (b) diclosulam; wherein a weight ratio of 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate to diclosulam is from 15:1 to 1:15. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    As used herein, the following terms have the designated definitions, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “antimicrobial compound” refers to a compound capable of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms; antimicrobial compounds include bactericides, bacteristats, fungicides, fungistats, algaecides and algistats, depending on the dose level applied, system conditions and the level of microbial control desired. The term “microorganism” includes, for example, fungi (such as yeast and mold), bacteria and algae. The following abbreviations are used throughout the specification: ppm=parts per million by weight (weight/weight), mL=milliliter, ATCC=American Type Culture Collection, and MIC=minimum inhibitory concentration. Unless otherwise specified, temperatures are in degrees centigrade (° C.), and references to percentages are by weight (wt %). Percentages of antimicrobial compounds in the composition of this invention are based on the total weight of active ingredients in the composition, i.e., the antimicrobial compounds themselves, exclusive of any amounts of solvents, carriers, dispersants, stabilizers or other materials which may be present. 
         [0006]    In some embodiments of the invention in which the antimicrobial composition comprises IPBC and flumetsulam, a weight ratio of IPBC to flumetsulam is from 9:1 to 1:8, alternatively from 8:1 to 1:6, alternatively from 8:1 to 1:5, alternatively from 7:1 to 1:5, alternatively from 8:1 to 1:3, alternatively from 8:1 to 1:2, alternatively from 7:1 to 1:3; alternatively from 7:1 to 1:2, alternatively from 7:1 to 1:1, alternatively from 6:1 to 1:2; alternatively from 6:1 to 1:1; alternatively from 5:1 to 1:1; alternatively from 4:1 to 2:1. 
         [0007]    In some embodiments of the invention in which the antimicrobial composition comprises IPBC and diclosulam, a weight ratio of IPBC to diclosulam is from 15:1 to 1:10, alternatively from 15:1 to 1:5, alternatively from 12:1 to 1:5, alternatively from 15:1 to 1:2, alternatively from 15:1 to 1:1, alternatively from 12:1 to 1:2, alternatively from 12:1 to 1:1, alternatively from 12:1 to 2:1, alternatively from 11:1 to 1:1, alternatively from 11:1 to 2:1, alternatively from 11:1 to 3:1, alternatively from 10:1 to 4:1. 
         [0008]    In some embodiments of the invention, the antimicrobial combinations of this invention are incorporated into liquid compositions, especially dispersions of polymers in aqueous media. The biocide combinations are particularly useful in preservation of building materials, e.g., adhesives, caulk, joint compound, sealant, wallboard, etc), paints, coatings, polymers, plastics, synthetic and natural rubber, paper products, fiberglass sheets, insulation, exterior insulating finishing systems, roofing and flooring felts, building plasters, wood products and wood-plastic composites. In some embodiments of the invention, the antimicrobial compositions are latex paints or other liquid coating compositions containing the biocide combinations disclosed herein. The biocide combinations are useful for preservation of the dry film coating resulting after application of a paint or other liquid coating composition. In some embodiments, the antimicrobial composition is an acrylic latex paint comprising one or more of the biocide combinations disclosed herein, or the dry film coating resulting from application of the paint to a surface. 
         [0009]    Typically, the amount of the biocide combinations of the present invention to control the growth of microorganisms is from 100 ppm to 10,000 ppm active ingredient. In some embodiments of the invention, the active ingredients of the composition are present in an amount of at least 300 ppm, alternatively at least 500 ppm, alternatively at least 600 ppm, alternatively at least 700 ppm. In some embodiments, the active ingredients of the composition are present in an amount of no more than 8,000 ppm, alternatively no more than 6,000 ppm, alternatively no more than 5,000 ppm, alternatively no more than 4,000 ppm, alternatively no more than 3,000 ppm, alternatively no more than 2500 ppm, alternatively no more than 2,000 ppm, alternatively no more than 1,800 ppm, alternatively no more than 1,600 ppm. Concentrations mentioned above are in a liquid composition containing the biocide combinations; biocide levels in the dry film coating will be higher. 
         [0010]    The present invention also encompasses a method for preventing microbial growth in building materials, especially in dry film coatings, by incorporating any of the claimed biocide combinations into the materials. 
       EXAMPLES 
       [0011]    Sample preparation: Samples of white acrylic latex paint free of biocides were prepared in 50 ml aliquots. Each biocide was post added to give the necessary active ingredient concentration in the paint. The total biocides concentrations tested were 750, 1500, 2500 and 5000 ppm. After biocides addition, each sample was hand mixed for a minimum of 30 sec, followed by a 3 min run on the paint shaker (RED DEVIL). Each of the paint samples as well as a control sample (containing no biocide) were used to prepare films on black plastic-vinyl chloride/acetate copolymer panels (LENETA, Mahwah, N.J.) using a 3 mil bird bar applicator. The panels were thoroughly dried for 5 days avoiding direct exposure to sunlight. Square discs (15 mm 2 ) were cut out from each panel and were used as the substrate for fungal and algal efficacy tests. This sample size allowed for an agar border when the sample disc was placed into the well of the test plate. 
         [0012]    Test conditions: The appropriate media (BOLD&#39;S 3N for Chlorophytes, BG-11 for Cyanobacteria, and PDA for fungi) were used to support microbial growth. The test plates were maintained at room temp (25° C.-26° C.), in a cycled light-dark environment, for 3 weeks for algae. Plates for fungal challenge tests were maintained at 30C for three weeks. At the end of incubation period the samples were scored for percent area covered by visible microbial growth. 
       Algal Inoculum 
       [0013]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Medium for 
               
               
                 Organisms 
                 abbreviation 
                 Type 
                 testing 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   Gleocapsa  sp. 
                 Gs 
                 ATCC 29159 
                 Unicellular, 
                 BG-11 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Colonial 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Cyanobacteria 
               
               
                 
                   Oscillatoria sp. 
                 
                 Os 
                 ATCC 29135 
                 Filamentous 
                 BG-11 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Cyanobacteria 
               
               
                 
                   Nostoc commune 
                 
                 Nc 
                 CCAP 1453/29 
                 Unicellular, 
                 Bold 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Cenobial 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Chlorophyte 
               
               
                   Trentepohlia aurea  + 
                 Ta + To 
                 UTEX LB 429 + 
                 Filamentous 
                 Bold 
               
               
                 
                   Trentepohlia odorata 
                 
                   
                 CCAP 483/4 
                 Chlorophyte 
               
               
                   Chlorella  sp. UTEX + 
                 Cs + Ck 
                 ATCC 30582 + 
                 Unicellular 
                 Bold 
               
               
                 
                   Chlorella kessleri 
                 
                   
                 ATCC 11468 
                 Chlorophyte 
               
               
                 
                   Calothrix parientina 
                 
                 Cp 
                 UTEX LB 1952 
                 Filamentous 
                 Bold 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Cyanobacteria 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Fungal Inoculum 
       [0014]      
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Medium 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 for 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Growth 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 and 
               
               
                   
                 Organisms 
                 abbreviation 
                 ATCC# 
                 Testing 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 
                   Aspergillus niger 
                 
                 An 
                 9642 
                 PDA 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Penicillium funiculosum 
                 
                 Pf 
                 11797 
                 PDA 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Cladosporium herbarum 
                 
                 Ch 
                 11281 
                 PDA 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Aureobasidium pullulans 
                 
                 Ap 
                 9348 
                 PDA 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Trichoderma viride 
                 
                 Tv 
                 32630 
                 PDA 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Alternaria alternata 
                 
                 Aa 
                 20084 
                 PDA 
               
               
                   
                 
                   Stachybotris chartarum 
                 
                 Sc 
                 208877 
                 PDA 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Algal Efficacy Testing—Modified ASTM 5589 
       [0015]    ASTM 5589 is a standard accelerated test method for determining resistance of various coatings (including paints) to algal defacement. To accommodate for high-throughput screening, this method was scaled down from petri plates to 12-well plates. A single coupon was placed with a pair of sterile forceps at the center of the agar plug (on top) with the painted surface facing upwards. Each well was inoculated with 150 μl of organism (1×10 6  cfu/ml) making sure that the whole surface (paint film as well as the agar surrounding it) was evenly covered. The plates were incubated at room temp (25° C.-26° C.) with cyclic exposure to light (OTT-Lite model #OTL4012P, 40Watt, 26KLumen) and dark phases, for a period of three weeks. The total area covered was evaluated at the end of each week after the second week according to percent area covered in 5% increments. While rating the plates, notations were made for zones of inhibition. 
       Fungal Efficacy Testing—Modified ASTM 5590 
       [0016]    ASTM 5590 is a standard accelerated test method for determining resistance of various coatings (including paints) to fungal defacement. To accommodate for high-throughput screening, this method was scaled down from petri plates to 12-well plates. To set up the test, an agar plug was placed at the bottom of each well of the sterile 12-well plate. A single coupon was placed with a pair of sterile forceps at the center of the agar plug (on top) with the painted surface facing upwards. Each well was inoculated with 150 μl of organism (1×10 6  cfu/ml) making sure that the whole surface (paint film as well as the agar surrounding it) was evenly covered. The plates were incubated at 30° C. in presence of moisture, for a period of three weeks. The total percent area covered was evaluated and recorded at the end of each week after the 2 nd  week and recorded in increments of 5%. 
       Synergy Index (SI) 
       [0017]    The SI is calculated based on F. C. Kull et. Al. method (Applied Microbiology, Vol. 9 (1961). In this study, SI was calculated based on the following formula with the minimum inhibitory concentration chosen based on the percent inhibitory exhibited by the individual biocide against each microorganisms tested.
       SI=Qa/QA+Qb/QB   Qa=the concentration of Biocide A in the blend   QA=The concentration of Biocide A as the only biocide   Qb=The concentration of Biocide B in the blend   QB=The concentration of Biocide B as the only biocide       
 
         [0023]    SI value of &lt;1 in the formula indicates a synergism of the blended biocides exists. 
       Example 1 
       [0024]    The efficacy of Flumetsulam (Flumet) as a single active or in a blend with IPBC against various algae and fungi in paint films was investigated. The blends exhibited very good synergism against wide spectrum of fungi and algae. The synergistic performance of these blends was better when the blends contained higher concentration of IPBC. Results after three weeks of exposure are presented in Table 1 for algae and Table 2 for fungi. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 (Algae) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Cp 
                 Cs + Ck 
                 Ta + To 
                 Nc 
                 Gs 
                 Os 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2IPBC:1Flumet 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Total conc, 
                 1500 
                 2500 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 750 
                 750 
               
               
                 ppm 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 100 
                 100 
                 90 
                 100 
                 90 
                 85 
               
               
                 SI 
                 0.87 
                 1.00 
                 0.50 
                 1.00 
                 0.83 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 3IPBC:1 
               
               
                 Flumet 
               
               
                 Total conc, 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 750 
                 750 
               
               
                 ppm 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 80 
                 90 
                 95 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 0.45 
                 0.60 
                 0.50 
                 1.00 
                 0.88 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 4IPBC:1Flumet 
               
               
                 Total conc, 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
               
               
                 ppm 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 80 
                 100 
                 90 
                 90 
                 100 
                 95 
               
               
                 SI 
                 0.92 
                 0.60 
                 0.50 
                 0.50 
                 0.90 
                 0.50 
               
               
                 IPBC 
               
               
                 Total conc, 
                 1500 
                 2500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 750 
                 1500 
               
               
                 ppm 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 80 
                 80 
                 80 
                 80 
                 80 
                 80 
               
               
                 Flumetsulam 
               
               
                 Total conc, 
                 2500 
                 2500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
               
               
                 ppm 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 90 
                 80 
                 85 
                 85 
                 90 
                 80 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 (Fungi) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 An 
                 Pf 
                 Ch 
                 Ap 
                 Tv 
                 Aa 
                 Sc 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 2IPBC:1Flumet 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 1500 
                 750 
                 750 
                 2500 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 750 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 75 
                 90 
                 100 
                 95 
                 90 
                 100 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 0.87 
                 0.50 
                 0.50 
                 1.44 
                 0.43 
                 0.87 
                 0.30 
               
               
                 3IPBC:1 Flumet 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 750 
                 1500 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 90 
                 100 
                 100 
                 90 
                 90 
                 85 
                 95 
               
               
                 SI 
                 0.45 
                 0.50 
                 0.50 
                 0.90 
                 0.90 
                 0.45 
                 0.60 
               
               
                 4IPBC:1Flumet 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
                 95 
                 90 
                 95 
               
               
                 SI 
                 0.46 
                 0.50 
                 0.50 
                 0.92 
                 0.92 
                 0.86 
                 0.60 
               
               
                 IPBC 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 2500 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 60 
                 90 
                 90 
                 90 
                 75 
                 85 
                 65 
               
               
                 Fluometsulam 
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 2500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 2500 
                 2500 
                 2500 
                 2500 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 40 
                 80 
                 85 
                 90 
                 70 
                 90 
                 70 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 2  
       [0025]    This study was performed to investigate the performance of IPBC and Diclosulam blends with weight ratios of IPBC to Diclosulam (Diclo) from 10:1 to 4:1. These blends exhibited very good synergism against a wide spectrum of fungi and algae. Each mixture tested displayed synergy against at least one organism at all ratios of IPBC to Diclosulam tested. Results after three weeks of exposure are presented in Table 3 for algae and Table 4 for fungi. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 (Algae) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Cs + Ck 
                 Nc 
                 Cp 
                 Ta + To 
                 Gs 
                 Os 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 10IPBC:1Diclo 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Total conc, 
                 2500 
                 750 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 750 
                 1500 
               
               
                 ppm 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 75 
                 100 
                 100 
                 85 
                 70 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 1.21 
                 0.48 
                 1.00 
                 1.00 
                 0.32 
                 0.73 
               
               
                 7IPBC:1Diclo 
               
               
                 Total conc, 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
               
               
                 ppm 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 90 
                 100 
                 100 
                 90 
                 75 
                 90 
               
               
                 SI 
                 0.39 
                 0.48 
                 1.00 
                 0.50 
                 0.33 
                 0.39 
               
               
                 4IPBC:1Diclo 
               
               
                 Total conc, 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 750 
                 1500 
               
               
                 ppm 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 90 
                 100 
                 90 
                 95 
                 65 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 0.44 
                 0.46 
                 1.00 
                 1.00 
                 0.34 
                 0.88 
               
               
                 IPBC 
               
               
                 Total conc, 
                 2500 
                 1500 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 2500 
                 2500 
               
               
                 ppm 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 80 
                 80 
                 80 
                 80 
                 50 
                 80 
               
               
                 Diclosulam 
               
               
                 Total conc, 
                 750 
                 2500 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 750 
               
               
                 ppm 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 75 
                 75 
                 80 
                 80 
                 60 
                 80 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 (Fungi) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Ap 
                 Ch 
                 Pf 
                 An 
                 Aa 
                 Tv 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 10IPBC:1Diclo 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 90 
                 100 
                 90 
                 100 
                 80 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 0.95 
                 0.48 
                 0.48 
                 0.50 
                 0.30 
                 0.55 
               
               
                 7IPBC:1Diclo 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 95 
                 100 
                 90 
                 80 
                 80 
                 100 
               
               
                 SI 
                 0.94 
                 0.48 
                 0.48 
                 0.50 
                 0.30 
                 0.56 
               
               
                 4IPBC:1Diclo 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
                 750 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 90 
                 95 
                 90 
                 90 
                 45 
                 95 
               
               
                 SI 
                 0.90 
                 0.46 
                 0.46 
                 0.50 
                 0.29 
                 0.60 
               
               
                 IPBC 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 750 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 1500 
                 2500 
                 1500 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 60 
                 80 
                 70 
                 85 
                 50 
                 85 
               
               
                 Diclosulam 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Total conc, ppm 
                 1500 
                 2500 
                 2500 
                 1500 
                 2500 
                 750 
               
               
                 % inhibition 
                 35 
                 80 
                 45 
                 80 
                 0 
                 80