Abstract:
An apparatus for filling containers with a liquid and, in particular, with a beverage, with a plurality of filling elements which in each case have an outlet in order to pour the beverage into the containers, as well as a valve device in order to control the supply of the liquid into the containers, with a conveying device which conveys the containers along a pre-set conveying path at least for a time during the filling thereof with the liquid, and with a cleaning device which acts with a cleaning medium upon at least one region contacted by the liquid to be filled. At least one filling element is designed in such a way that the cleaning medium is freely discharged out of this filling element during a cleaning operation.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method of treating containers. The invention is described with reference to an apparatus for filling containers with liquid and, in particular, with beverages, but it is also pointed out that the invention can also be used with other container treatment plants, such as for example blow moulding machines which shape plastics material pre-forms into plastics material containers. 
     Filling machines of this type have long been known from the prior art. In this way, for example, DE 201 20 014 describes a rotary filler for filling bottles with liquid which has a rotor which is rotatable about a vertical axis and on which a plurality of filling valves are arranged. In this case it is known from the prior art that filling devices of this type can be cleaned with a liquid cleaning agent within the context of a cleaning mode. This cleaning agent is usually supplied by way of the product feed line and thus cleans the individual filling elements and is then fed back again using a so-called CIP cap or cover. On account of this procedure it is therefore necessary in part for the cleaning agent to be fed back again through the plant by way of relatively complicated paths. 
     DE 195 42 432 describes a rotary-type device for the treatment of articles and, in particular, of containers. In this case a rotary connection for the conveying of liquid is provided between a fixed sub-assembly and a rotor sub-assembly. 
     The object of the present invention is to improve the cleaning possibilities for plants of this type. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An apparatus according to the invention for filling containers with a liquid and, in particular, with a beverage has a plurality of filling elements which in each case have an outlet in order to pour the beverage into the containers, as well as a valve device in order to control the supply of the liquid into the containers. In addition, the apparatus has a conveying device which conveys the containers and preferably also the filling elements along a pre-set conveying path at least for a time during the filling thereof with the liquid. In addition, a cleaning device is provided which acts with a cleaning medium upon at least one region of the apparatus contacted by the liquids to be filled and, in particular, upon at least one region of the filling elements. 
     According to the invention at least one filling element is designed in such a way that the cleaning medium is freely discharged out of this filling element during the cleaning operation. 
     Whereas the cleaning medium is usually fed back in the case of the prior art, it is provided within the scope of the present invention that the cleaning medium should be deliberately allowed to be discharged from the filling element or the outlet thereof. In this way, the cleaning medium is not fed back in a duct, but is freely discharged. In particular, the cleaning medium is not fed back in a duct at least in sections after the discharge from the filling element, but preferably drops freely downwards, i.e. is preferably discharged into a region which is situated below the filling element, i.e. closer to the centre of the Earth than the filling element. 
     It is advantageous for the individual filling elements to be conveyed along a circular filling path. It is advantageous for the filling elements to be arranged on a support which is rotatable about a substantially vertical axis. It is advantageous for the cleaning medium to be discharged substantially freely from a plurality of filling elements and preferably from all the filling elements during operation. 
     In this case the region contacted by the liquid to be filled is, in particular, regions of the filling elements such as for example the valve device, but also other supply lines by way of which the product is supplied to the filling elements. 
     The Applicants have recognized that, in contrast to the apparatus known in the previous prior art, it is also possible to let the cleaning medium be freely discharged. It is advantageous for the apparatus to have a collecting device in order to be able to collect the cleaning medium discharged from the filling element. 
     It is advantageous for the apparatus to be a rotary filing machine which, in a particularly preferred manner, has a central store. A SIP (sterilization in place) or a CIP (cleaning in place) return by way of a medium distributor is thus not provided in this case, but the sterilization medium or the cleaning media are discharged directly. 
     It is advantageous for the apparatus to have a clean room and the at least one filling element is arranged in such a way that the cleaning medium is discharged into this clean room during the cleaning operation. The invention is especially suitable in particular for arrangements with a clean room, since soiling by splashes can be prevented in this way, since the cleaning medium enters the clean room first. Apart from the supply and removal devices for the containers, it is advantageous for the clean room to be substantially closed off. 
     In the case of a further advantageous embodiment the clean room has an outflow for the removal of the cleaning medium. This outflow is thus used at the same time as a collecting device in order to collect the cleaning medium and to remove it again in a purposeful manner. In this case the cleaning medium can be conveyed to a return or preparation device. 
     In the case of a further advantageous embodiment the apparatus has a separating device for separating gaseous and liquid media discharged from the clean room. Gaseous media, such as for example a stressing gas for the containers, can also be discharged by way of the aforesaid outflow. It is advantageous for a separation of these media to be provided, such as can be carried out for example by the provision of a siphon or the like. 
     In the case of a further advantageous embodiment the apparatus has a movable liquid conveying device which is movable with respect to the outlet and which is capable of being placed in a cleaning mode on an outlet. This can prevent the cleaning medium from spraying into a plurality of directions starting from the outlet, but the liquid conveying device conveys the liquids in a purposeful manner into specified regions, for example in the direction of the outlet which is arranged in the sterile room. 
     In this case it is advantageous for this liquid conveying device to have an opening. In this way, the liquid conveying device can be a plate which has a circular opening for example, through which the cleaning medium is discharged. 
     In the case of a further advantageous embodiment the apparatus has at least one supply device in order to supply a gaseous medium to the containers (in particular before or during the filling procedure). In this case the apparatus is advantageously also arranged in such a way that this gaseous medium is capable of being released into the clean room. This embodiment is suitable in particular for filling machines which fill beverages with bound gases. During this filling the containers are first pre-stressed with a specified gas pressure. This gas is then released again to the filling procedure, it being proposed in this case that the gas should now also be removed into the clean room. 
     It is pointed out that the diversion of the pre-stressing gases described here and, in particular, the diversion of the pre-stressing gases into the sterile or clean room can also be applied independently of the release of the cleaning medium into the clean room as described above. It is advantageous for the gaseous medium which is used for the pre-stressing of the containers to be released into the clean room not directly out of the containers, but rather by way of an outlet line which in a particularly preferred manner opens into the clean room. 
     In the case of an advantageous embodiment the apparatus has a valve device for releasing the gaseous medium—in particular into the clean room. 
     It is also, however, pointed out that the discharge of the cleaning liquid described here can also be used for example in the case of shaping devices, in which case the cleaning medium can be let out for example by way of a blowing nozzle—which acts upon the plastics material pre-forms with a gaseous medium in order to expand them—and can be removed out of the sterile room. In this case a shaping device of this type also advantageously has a blow mould, inside which the plastics material pre-forms are capable of being expanded to form plastics material containers. 
     In the case of a further advantageous embodiment the apparatus has at least one cleaning device for cleaning the clean room. In this way, spraying nozzles, which clean regions of the clean room and in particular wall regions inside the clean room, can be arranged for example inside the clean room. In this case these cleaning devices are advantageously arranged above the outlet, so that the cleaning medium discharged from the latter can be removed by way of the outlets. 
     The present invention further relates to a plant for the treatment of containers having an apparatus of the type described above and a sterilization device arranged upstream with respect to this apparatus in a conveying direction of the containers in order to sterilize the containers. It is advantageous for the plant also to have a shaping device for shaping plastics material pre-forms into plastics material containers, and this shaping device is advantageously arranged upstream of the aforesaid sterilization device in this case. 
     In this way it would be possible for the containers to be pre-heated once again after their shaping, then to be acted upon with a mixture of H 2 O 2  and sterile air, and possibly then to be blown out with sterile hot air. After that, the containers could be cooled by blowing in cold sterile air and then supplied to the filling device. 
     In this case a device which has an evaporator for evaporating H 2 O 2  and which then produces the aforesaid mixture and acts upon the containers with the latter could be used for example as the sterilization device. Other sterilization devices would also be possible, however, for example devices which sterilize the containers by the use of electron or laser radiation or by the use of UV light. In addition, a plurality of sterilization methods could be combined or a plurality of sterilization devices could even be arranged one behind the other in the conveying direction of the containers. 
     The present invention further relates to a method of operating an apparatus for filling containers with liquids, in which containers to be filled are conveyed along a pre-set conveying path and are filled with a liquid medium by means of a plurality of filling elements at least for a time during this conveying, and a cleaning mode being provided in which at least parts of the filling elements are acted upon with a cleaning medium. According to the invention, after the cleaning medium has acted upon the parts of the filling elements it is freely discharged out of these filling elements. It is thus also proposed with respect to the method that the cleaning medium should not be returned, but should be discharged immediately in particular into a clean room. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Further advantages and embodiments may be seen from the accompanying drawings. In the drawings 
         FIG. 1  shows a filling machine according to the invention which is particularly suitable for filling products under sterile conditions; 
         FIG. 2  is a top view of the apparatus as shown in  FIG. 1 , and 
         FIG. 3  is a detailed illustration of a filling element for an apparatus according to the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       FIG. 1  shows the filling machine according to the invention in production. In this case no feeding of the media back by way of a distributor apparatus is provided for cleaning and for sterilization of the product paths. The liquid product is supplied to the rotating product container  3  by way of a feed line  2 . The product flows by way of filling valves  5  into the containers  6  by way of a plurality of lines  4 , the filling quantity preferably being determined by way of a measurement appliance, in a particularly preferred manner a throughflow meter, in the feed line  4  (not shown). Alternatively, the filling quantity can also be determined by way of a weighing apparatus on the container-receiving means  7 . The level of the liquid in the product container  3  is advantageously determined by way of a level probe  8  which is advantageously incorporated in the stationary part of the rotary media distributor  9  and in a particularly advantageous manner determines the level. Since a cleaning medium is also conveyed by way of the feed line  2 , the feed line  2  is also a component part of the cleaning device of the filling machine. 
     In the normal case a pressure equalization with the environment or with the clean room  12  respectively is formed by way of a gas path  11  in order to be able to carry out a purely gravimetric filling. In the case of a particularly viscous product the gas path  11  can also be used in order to produce an over-pressure in the product container  3 , and in many cases a piston filling valve can then be used. 
     The reference number  9  designates a media distributor which distributes the liquid product to the individual filling valves  5 . The rotary media distributor  9  has a slide ring seal  10  which in the case shown does not come into contact with the product. It is advantageous for the slide ring seal also to be sterilized on the rear side at least for a time in production. To this end, hot water or steam is supplied by way of a feed line  13  and at another place at the lowest point is applied for example to a condensate separator by way of a diversion line  14  preferably on the rotating part. In order to be able to convey the slide ring seal  10  a mounting  15  is provided. It is advantageous for this to be offset from the feed line  2  and the slide ring seal  10  in order to minimize the heat flow, in particular during the sterilization with steam. The temperature separation can be carried out either with cavities  16 , thin-walled webs  17  or pins  18 , or thermally insulating elements can also be used. The bearing housing can be provided with lubrication bores  27  and the feed line  2  can act at the same time as a torque support  28 . 
     The reference number  3  designates a receiving container for receiving the liquid product. It is advantageous for the product container  3  to rotate. In the case of a plurality of product tracks a plurality of product containers can also be present, which are then advantageously arranged on the stationary part of the machine. In this case a multiple-track media distributor is arranged between the product containers and the filling valves. The inspection glass  19  is advantageously positioned in such a way that a spray ball  20  can also be replaced during maintenance operations. A stirring paddle  21 , which is preferably arranged at the end of the feed line  2  and in a particularly preferred manner between the container supply and removal unit  22 / 23  (see also  FIG. 2 ), can be provided instead of a stirring mechanism in the product container  3 . It is used in the case of products with fibres, pulp or other solids for agitation, so that these solids cannot be deposited on the base of the container. In the case of this arrangement it is advantageous that a separate drive is not necessary for the stirring paddle on account of the relative rotary movement between the stirring paddle and the product container. 
     The reference number  24  designates a base frame of the apparatus. The base frame carries the rotating upper part  25  by means of a hollow shaft  26  situated centrally. Lines for supplying the upper part with current, control signals and pneumatic air can pass through the hollow shaft  26 . A rotary distributor  29  is preferably arranged below the (electric motor) drive unit  30 . The frame  24  also comprises the stationary clean room housing  31  which preferably seals off the stationary part from the rotating part of the filling machine by means of hydraulic sealing systems  32  in order to be able to maintain the clean room. Sterile air, possibly dried, is supplied by way of one or more supply air tubes  33 . Media can be extracted by way of one or more outlets  34 . A separation device  34 ′ for separating liquid media (for example by way of a siphon downwards) and gaseous media (for example through a suction unit upwards) is arranged downstream of the outlets  34 . The cleaning room is cleaned with one or more cleaning nozzles  35 ′ which are attached to an automatically controlled cleaning system (not shown). A plurality of treatment units, such as for example container sterilization or cleaning and/or closure units, can also be integrated in the housing  31 . Treatment units for the container sterilization or cleaning can apply widely varying treatment methods, such as for example treatment with liquid and/or gaseous media, treatment with plasma, treatment with radiation (UV, electron radiation) and are described for example in DE102005012507A1, DE102007034837A1, DE102010012569.5, DE10134037B4 or DE10217145A1. The subjects of these named specifications have been made the subject of the present application in their entirety by reference. 
     The drive unit  30  can be for example a direct drive—in particular without gears—which preferably has a high torque (a so-called torque motor). In this case the central shaft or the hollow shaft  26  and the rotor  64  of the motor can be designed in the form of a common component or can be designed in one piece. In this case it would be possible that for example permanent magnets of the rotor  64  are integrated in the hollow shaft  26  so that the rotor of the motor and the hollow shaft advantageously form a structural unit. 
     In addition, the stator  66  of the drive unit  30  and the housing  68  could be designed in the form of a common component or could form a structural unit. In this way, it would be possible for the stator magnets and optionally also supply lines to be already integrated into the housing in order to supply current to these magnets. These stator magnets are preferably electromagnets. 
     In this case the bearings  72 ,  74  illustrated in  FIG. 1  are advantageously not a component part of the drive unit  30 , but part of a machine mounting which could also be employed when using a conventional motor. These bearings  72 ,  74  advantageously support the housing  68  with respect to the hollow shaft  26 . In the case of this embodiment it is advantageous for no additional mounting to be present in the motor between the motor shaft or hollow shaft  62  and the motor housing  68 . It is preferable for the bearings  72 ,  74  to be sealed off in order to prevent the entry of extraneous substances. 
     It is therefore proposed to use a direct drive as the drive for the apparatus according to the invention. It is pointed out that this arrangement is also capable of being used independently of the invention described in the introduction for corresponding apparatus for filling containers. 
     In addition, however, a direct drive designed in this way could also be used for other apparatus for the treatment of containers which in particular have a conveying device which conveys the containers by means of a rotatable support. An apparatus of this type can be for example conveying star wheels, sterilization devices, blow moulding machines and the like. 
     The reference number  52  designates a boundary wall of the clean room which is stationary in operation, the reference number  54  designates a wall which is movable during the operation of the apparatus, and the reference number  57  designates the external periphery (likewise movable during the operation) of the central shaft, which in this case likewise forms a boundary wall of the clean room.  FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic plan view of the filling machine. The stirring paddle  21  is preferably situated in the region of the angle A since the filling valves  5  are closed here. As a result the product flows more smoothly in the region of the opened filling valves. Three spray balls are preferably arranged in the container  3 . The base  58  of the housing  31  shown in  FIG. 1  is arranged obliquely, so that the media can run off to a channel  46  in which the outlet  34  is also arranged. The channel  46  is made continuous here and is inclined in the direction of the outlet  34 , so that at least liquid media are directed towards the outlet  34 . 
     The cleaning and sterilization of the paths in contact with the product and in contact with the media respectively are described below with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 3 . Those in contact with the product are the paths of the product preparation (for example product sterilization by means of short-term heating or UHT) mounted upstream, and possibly a sterile product buffer tank (which if present is preferably arranged above the filling machine  1 ), the feed line  2  in which valves are possibly fitted, and the product container  3  as far as the outlet  37  ( FIG. 3 ) of the filling valve  5 . This means that in this case the surfaces of the outlet  37  which are arranged between a filling valve cone  38  and the screen  36  are also included. If a plurality of product paths (for example for a beverage and for a syrup additive for the beverage) should be present, they are also in contact with the product. Those in contact with the media are all the paths which otherwise lead to the product container  3  and/or to the filling valve  5  and also away from them. By way of example nitrogen can be supplied in order to rinse the containers at the filling valve outlet  37  (cf.  FIG. 3 ) in order to render inert the inner volume of the containers. 
     The cleaning of the paths in contact with the media and with the product is generally carried out by way of liquid cleaning agents, such as for example lye or acid, which are supplied by way of the feed lines  2  or by way of the gas path  11 . By opening the filling valve cone  38  by means of a valve drive (not shown) (pneumatically, magnetically or by an electric motor) they are then left in the clean room and are drawn off by way of one or more outlets  34  and are optionally fed back or pumped at least for a time to the CTP plant for further use (for example in the cleaning circuit) or for reconditioning. By way of example it is possible for a first part of the cleaning agents or pre-rinsing water to be discarded into the duct after being drawn off out of the outlet  34  by way of a suitable valve arrangement which is capable of being controlled in an automated manner, since very many product residues are still rinsed out of the system in this step. If the major part of the product residues is rinsed out, the valve arrangement is switched in such a way that the circuit to the CIP plant is closed. 
       FIG. 3  shows the filling valve  5  in the sterilization cycle. A pivoting-in and pressing apparatus  35  has pivoted-in a screen  36  with a bore  36   a . The screen has a defined bore diameter which maintains the steam pressure in the filling valve  5  (if the nominal temperature is greater than 100° C., an over-pressure must be built up with respect to the clean room  12 ). In this way the filling valve  5 , the feed line  4 , the product container  3  and other components which are in contact with the product or with the media are sterilized. The supply of the steam is carried out at least for a time by way of the feed line  2  and/or by way of the gas path  11  and/or by way of another, optionally additional track which leads to the product container  3 . The screen  36  can be made adjustable in order to adjust the optimum bore diameter during the starting up of the apparatus. 
     In addition, gaseous media, such as for example H 2 O 2 , or liquid media, such as for example PES, can be added to the sterilization medium (preferably steam). The entire process is normally referred to as SIP (sterilization in place). The sterilization process is monitored by way of one or more temperature sensors which are preferably arranged in the filling valves and which in a particularly preferred manner are incorporated in the screen. It is also possible for an individual temperature sensor to be arranged in a stationary manner below the screen  36  which then plots the temperatures at the bore  36   a  for a time during the rotation of the upper part  25  when the valve passes over. The sensor can also be arranged so as to be capable of being pivoted in and it is preferably arranged in the angle between the container supply unit  22  and the container removal unit  23  (sector A in  FIG. 2 ). 
     After the sterilization process a cooling phase of the upper part  25  takes place in the normal manner, it also being possible for this phase to be supported by media, for example with dried, and optionally cooled, sterile air or sterile inert gas. 
     Cleaning or sterilization is not necessary with every product change. If filling is carried out from a clear to a cloudy product it is advisable to fill the mixed phase into the containers and to convey it either closed or not closed on the normal container conveying path out of the clean room. In the case of viscous products an intermediate rinsing with a runny medium (for example drinking water with a 5% liquid H 2 O 2  portion) is more advantageous. When a specified quantity is exceeded, it is appropriate for the medium to be allowed into the clean room by way of the filing valve and to be removed by way of one or more outlets  34 . 
     The apparatus  35  is preferably used for pivoting in a screen  36  which seals off the filling valve outlet  37  either axially on the filling valve or preferably also radially. The reference number  40  designates an arm on which the screen  36  is arranged. The seal  39  can be either of an elastomer or of a hard plastics material or even of metal and can have a defined shape. The rotary and translatory movement of the screen with a lever can be driven either pneumatically/hydraulically and/or even electromagnetically. Depending upon requirements it may be necessary for screens with different bore diameters to be pivoted in, in which case an electromagnetic drive, as shown in  FIG. 3 , is then preferably implemented. By way of example a cap (screen without a bore) can also be pivoted in so as to prevent media from entering the filling valve during the cleaning and/or sterilization of the clean room  12 . It is also advantageous for a plurality of filling valves to be operated by one apparatus  35 . It is advantageous with respect to sterility if the drive or drives are situated outside the clean room. The rod  41  is preferably sealed by way of a shaft seal  42  which is movable in the X direction or is set on a bellows or diaphragm (not shown). If products which are less critical in microbiological terms are exclusively filled on the machine, the pivoting-in or pressing apparatus can also be situated in the clean room. It is then preferable for one or more segments  43  ( FIG. 2 ) with a plurality of screens  36  to be introduced. 
     The filling of beverages with bonded gases (for example carbonated beverages) is described below. In order to be able to fill carbonated beverages, the container  6  has to be pre-stressed in a specified region B ( FIG. 2 ). The container  6  is pressed against the filling valve outlet  37  by way of a lifting device or a bell of the filling valve moves towards the container in order to seal the container off with respect to the clean room. With the filling of carbonated beverages a further line (not shown) is normally present between the filling valve outlet  37  and the gas space of the product container  3 , which can be switched by way of one or more valves. The valve is switched on after the container is pressed on, so that a pressure equalization is produced between the empty container  6  and the product tank  3 . In contrast to the clean room, a pressure of up to 4 bar and more is then present in the pre-stressed container  6 . As a result of the opening of the filling cap cone  38  (in the filling region C) the product can now flow into the container purely by gravity. When the desired filling quantity is achieved the filling cap cone  38  is closed. 
     In the release region D ( FIG. 1 ) the filled bottle must now be released (gently) and in part in a plurality of steps. To this end a further line or bore which extends into the head space of the container and leads into the surroundings is necessary, the throughflow of which in the release region is controlled by one or more valves and/or throttle devices. The line or bore can be passed through the filling cap cone or, on the other hand, can also extend laterally for example into the outlet  37  of the filling valve. Since communication between the container, the filling valve and the surroundings is not desired in view of maintaining sterility in the product path or in the clean room, the release gas (CO 2 ) is preferably blown off into the clean room. The release gas is drawn out through one or more outlets  34  as a result of the air exchange in the clean room. 
     It can also be advantageous for this path in contact with the media to be acted upon with cleaning media and/or sterilization media by a connection (not shown) at a suitable point of the line or bore described above for pre-stressing and/or release, in which case too the respective medium can escape at the outlet  37  of the filling valve into the clean room and can be removed by way of the outlet  34 . 
     In principle, beverage mixtures can also be produced in a filling plant of this type according to the invention. Two or more product paths then lead to the filling machine  1 , and the various products are then supplied to the filling valves by way of preferably multiple-track media distributors. By way of example, a milk with a specified fat content fixed in advance can then be mixed in the filled container from milk with different fat contents in two product paths. The addition of syrup for example into a closed filling valve  5  in the region A of the filing machine is particularly important. The syrup portion is then rinsed completely by the following main portion of the filled product, for example water, into the container  6 . It is advantageous for all further paths which are in contact with the product or media to be adequately cleaned in the preparation of production by switching on valves provided therefor on the rotating upper part  25  and also to be adequately sterilized in an aseptic (germ-free) filling which is sought. 
     The Applicants reserve the right to claim all the features disclosed in the application documents as being essential to the invention, insofar as they are novel either individually or in combination as compared with the prior art. 
     LIST OF REFERENCES 
     
         
           1  filling machine, apparatus 
           2  feed line 
           3  product container, receiving container, product tank 
           4  line 
           5  filling valves 
           6  container 
           7  container-receiving means 
           8  level probe 
           9  rotary media distributor 
           10  slide ring seal 
           11  gas path 
           12  clean room 
           13  feed line 
           14  diversion line 
           15  mounting 
           16  cavities 
           17  webs 
           18  pins 
           19  inspection glass 
           20  spraying ball 
           21  stirring paddle 
           22 ,  23  container supply and removal unit 
           24  base frame 
           25  upper part 
           26  hollow shaft 
           27  lubrication bores 
           28  torque support 
           29  rotary distributor 
           30  drive unit 
           31  clean room housing 
           32  hydraulic sealing system 
           33  air pipes 
           34  outlet 
           34 ′ separation device 
           35 ′ cleaning nozzle, pivoting-in/pressing apparatus, apparatus 
           36  screen 
           36   a  bore 
           37  outlet 
           38  filling valve cone 
           39  seal 
           40  arm 
           41  rod 
           42  shaft seal 
           43  segments 
           44  separating device 
           46  channel 
           52  boundary wall 
           54  movable wall 
           56  shaft 
           57  external periphery of the central shaft 
           58  base of the housing  31   
           64  rotor of the drive unit 
           66  stator of the drive unit 
           68  housing of the drive unit 
           72 ,  74  bearings 
         A to D sectors, portions