Abstract:
In one aspect, a cosmetic composition includes a sunless tanning agent and a sunscreen agent. A photostabilizer is added to stabilize the sunscreen agent from the destabilizing effect of the sunless tanning agent. In this manner, UV protection is provided to the user when the cosmetic composition is applied to skin. In another aspect, a water-based sunless tanning/sunscreen composition includes a sunless tanning agent, a sunscreen agent, and a photostabilizer. The sunless tanning agent is DHA, and the sunscreen is avobenzone. Because the avobenzone degrades when exposed to UV radiation when used with DHA, the photostabilizer is added to enable the avobenzone to retain most of its original ability to absorb the UV radiation. The photostabilizer is a low molecular weight copolymer of adipic acid and neopentyl glycol.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/967,084, filed Aug. 31, 2007, entitled “Sunless Tanning Composition With Sunscreen,” the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention generally relates to compositions for protecting the skin from overexposure to ultraviolet radiation and is, more particularly, directed to compositions that combine sunless tanning and sunscreen properties. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Sunless tanning products have become increasingly popular and are often used in lieu of obtaining a tan in the traditional manner by sunbathing. Often, people will use a sunless tanning product prior to sunbathing to give them the appearance of having a tan so that they look more appealing in a bathing suit. However, known sunless tanning products do not typically provide protection against the harmful effects associated with prolonged exposure to the sun&#39;s radiation. As such, in order to minimize the sun&#39;s detrimental effects and avoid being burned by the sun, it is necessary to use a sunscreen product. 
         [0004]    Overexposure to the sun&#39;s ultraviolet radiation is what causes sunburn. Ultraviolet radiation has a wavelength of about 290 nanometers (nm) to about 400 nm. Ultraviolet radiation over 320 nm to 400 nm is known as UV-A radiation and is primarily responsible for causing a tanned appearance upon sufficient exposure of skin thereto. Ultraviolet radiation in the 290 nm to 320 nm range is known as UV-B radiation and after sufficient exposure thereto can cause erythema of the skin, commonly referred to as sunburn. Overexposure to UV-A radiation can also cause sunburn. Continued skin damage resulting from unprotected exposure to ultraviolet radiation can cause more serious conditions such as, for example, skin cancer. Depending on weather conditions, even casual unprotected exposure to the sun&#39;s ultraviolet radiation can be detrimental to one&#39;s skin. Accordingly, it is generally recommended that a sunscreen product be applied to the skin before exposure to ultraviolet radiation. 
         [0005]    Historically, where a sunless tanning product has been used, the user must still apply a sunscreen product to minimize exposure to ultraviolet radiation. A difficulty that can occur results from the interaction of the sunless tanning product and the sunscreen product. In general, the sunscreen&#39;s effectiveness is diminished by the interaction. Moreover, people would prefer to minimize the number of different materials they apply to their skin. To address these problems, efforts have been made to incorporate sunless tanning compositions with sunscreen products. These combination compositions generally use dihydroxyacetone (DHA) or erythrulose as the sunless tanning agent and avobenzone as the sunscreen agent. A problem that has occurred is that avobenzone is not photostable when used in combination with DHA or erythrulose. This instability causes the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition to significantly degrade and often become useless with respect to protection against ultraviolet radiation. 
         [0006]    Based on the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide a combination sunless tanning/sunscreen composition that improves upon conventional compositions and overcomes drawbacks and problems associated with the prior art. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    In one aspect, the present invention resides in a cosmetic composition that includes a sunless tanning agent and a sunscreen agent. A photostabilizer is added to stabilize the sunscreen agent from the historically destabilizing effect of the sunless tanning agent. In this manner, UV protection is provided to the user when the cosmetic composition is applied to skin. 
         [0008]    In another aspect, the present invention resides in a water-based sunless tanning/sunscreen composition comprising a sunless tanning agent, a sunscreen agent, and a photostabilizer. The sunless tanning agent is DHA, and the sunscreen is avobenzone. Because the avobenzone degrades when exposed to UV radiation when used with DHA, the photostabilizer is added to enable the avobenzone to retain most of its original ability to absorb the UV radiation. The photostabilizer is a low molecular weight copolymer of adipic acid and neopentyl glycol. 
         [0009]    An advantage of the present invention is that through application of a single composition, a sunless tanning and sunscreen effect is achieved. 
         [0010]    Another advantage of the present invention is that a combination sunless tanning and sunscreen composition is provided such that the effectiveness of the sunscreen agent does not appreciably degrade in the presence of the sunless tanning composition. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0011]      FIG. 1  is a graphical representation illustrating the photostability of a sunscreen composition having DHA and a photostabilizer, according to the present invention. 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  is a graphical representation illustrating the photostability of a sunscreen composition having DHA and a photostabilizer, according to the present invention. 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  is a graphical representation illustrating the photostability of a sunscreen composition having no DHA and a photostabilizer. 
           [0014]      FIG. 4  is a graphical representation illustrating the photostability of a sunscreen composition having DHA and no photostabilizer. 
           [0015]      FIG. 5  is a graphical representation of the effect of adipic acid and neopentyl glycol on the photostabilization of avobenzone in the presence of DHA. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
       [0016]    The present invention is a cosmetic composition applicable to the skin that provides a sunless tanning and sunscreen effect. In one embodiment, the composition is a water-based emulsion that includes one or more sunless tanning agents, one or more sunscreen agents capable of filtering, absorbing, and/or blocking ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and one or more photostabilizers. The composition may further include one or more skin conditioners (e.g., emollients, humectants, and the like), film forming agents, emulsifying agents, thickeners, preservatives, pH adjusters, coloring agents, and fragrances. The composition may be in the form of, but is not limited to, a lotion, spray, gel, cream, foam, or like topical products. 
         [0017]    The sunless tanning agent, when applied to human skin, imparts pigment to darken the skin to give the appearance of a suntan without exposing the skin to the sun or other radiant sources of energy (e.g., those found in tanning beds or UV lamps). Materials that can be used as sunless tanning agents include, but are not limited to, dihydroxyacetone (DHA), erythrulose, pigments such as melanin, botanical extracts of various plants (e.g., mahakanni (eclipta alba)), and any combinations of the foregoing. DHA is a simple carbohydrate derived from plant sources and glycerin. When used as a tanning agent, DHA reacts with proteins in the skin to produce a tanning effect over a period of time. Erythrulose, which is chemically similar to DHA, is a natural sugar that reacts with amino acids in keratin protein found in dead skin cells to produce a tanning effect. 
         [0018]    In one embodiment of the present invention, the sunless tanning agent is DHA and is present in an amount between about 1.0 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and preferably about 1.5 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. %. While DHA has been described as the sunless tanning agent, the present invention is not limited in this regard as other sunless tanning agents known to those skilled in the pertinent art to which the present invention pertains can be substituted. Moreover, while DHA has been described as being present in certain weight percentages, the present invention is not limited in this regard as other weight percentages can be employed without departing from the broader aspects of the present invention. 
         [0019]    The sunscreen agent forming part of the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition preferably absorbs, filters, and/or blocks both UV-A radiation as well as UV-B radiation. Suitable sunscreen agents include, but are not limited to, avobenzone, octocrylene, octisalate, homosalate, and combinations of the foregoing. Other components useful as sunscreen agents include, but are not limited to, octinoxate, oxybenzone (benzophenone-3, which is particularly useful for blocking UV-B radiation), other benzophenones (e.g., sulisobenzone, which is also known as benzophenone-4), ecamsule (available under the trade name MEXORYL from Societe L&#39;Oreal of Paris, France), bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (available under the trade name TINOSORB S from Ciba Specialty Chemicals of Tarrytown, N.Y.) Methylen Bis Benzotriazolyl Tetramethylbutylphenol (available under the tradename TINOSORB M from Ciba Specialty Chemicals), and dimethicodiethylbenzolmalonate (available under the tradename PARSOL SLX from DSM Nutritional Products). The above-described sunscreen agents can be used alone in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention, or they can be used in combination with one another. 
         [0020]    In one embodiment of the present invention, the sunscreen agent is present in an amount of about 0.5 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and preferably in an amount of about 2.0 wt. % to about 4.0 wt. %. In a preferred embodiment, the sunscreen agent is avobenzone. 
         [0021]    While avobenzone has been described as being present in the above-set forth weight percentages, the present invention is not limited in this regard as other weight percentages of avobenzone may also be employed without departing from the broader aspects of the present invention. 
         [0022]    At least one photostabilizer is included in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention. The photostabilizer enables a photoactive compound (such as avobenzone) to retain at least a portion of its original ability to absorb, filter, and/or block irradiation at a particular wavelength (or over a range of wavelengths). Avobenzone is not photostable in the presence of a sunless tanning agent (DHA in one embodiment). In general, avobenzone absorbs ultraviolet radiation in an approximate range of about 350-370 nm. The use of a suitable photostabilizer in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention causes the avobenzone to maintain a substantial portion of ultraviolet radiation absorbance over the above-described range. In one embodiment of the present invention, a “substantial portion” of the absorbance of the avobenzone should be construed to mean at least about 78%. In another embodiment of the present invention, a “substantial portion” of the absorbance of the avobenzone should be construed to mean at least about 92%. 
         [0023]    One photostabilizer that may be used with avobenzone in the presence of DHA is a low molecular weight copolymer of adipic acid and neopentyl glycol (available under the trade name POLYCRYLENE from RTD Hallstar of Hackettstown, N.J.). Other photostabilizers that may used in the composition of the present invention are dimethyl capramide (available under the trade name SPECTRASOLV DMDA from RTD Hallstar of Hackettstown, N.J.), undecylcrylene dimethicone (available under the tradename SOLASIL PSF from RTD HallStar), diethylhexyl syringal malonate (available under the tradename OXYNEX ST from Merck KGaA), bis-ethylhexyl hydroxydimethoxy benzylmalonate (available under the tradename RONACARE AP from Merck Chemicals), and diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate (available under the trade name CORAPAN TQ from Symrise, Inc. of Teterboro, N.J.). However, the present invention is not limited in this regard as other photostabilizers known to those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may be substituted. 
         [0024]    When used alone in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention, a suitable amount of acid/neopentyl glycol copolymer as a photostabilizer is from about 0.25 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and preferably from about 0.50 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %. In one embodiment, the adipic acid/neopentyl glycol copolymer can be used in combination with dimethyl capramide. When this occurs, the adipic acid/neopentyl glycol copolymer and the dimethyl capramide are each present in amounts of about 0.25 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and preferably from about 0.50 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %. These levels of the adipic acid/neopentyl glycol copolymer and dimethyl capramide can also be used with diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate in amounts of about 0.25 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and preferably about 0.50 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. %. 
         [0025]    Without the adipic acid/neopentyl glycol copolymer, the dimethyl capramide can also be used with the diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate in amounts from about 0.25 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and preferably from about 2.0 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. % to provide photostability to the avobenzone. Depending on the desired amount of photostability, lower levels of dimethyl capramide and diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate can be employed. The diethylhexyl 2,6-naphthalate can also be used alone at very low levels (less than about 2 wt. %) to provide some degree of photostability. 
         [0026]    Other photostabilizers that may be used in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, derivatives of diphenylmethylenemalonic acid and/or derivatives of fluorene, including derivatives of cyano(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene) acetic acid and diesters and/or polyesters of 9H-fluoren-9-ylidenemalonic acid and/or polyesters terminated with 2-propenoic acid, 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-moieties and also including 2-ethylhexyl cyano(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene) acetate; α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate compounds (octocrylenes); diesters and/or polyesters of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid; combinations of octocrylenes and/or diesters and/or polyesters of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid; combinations of octocrylene, one or more diesters and/or polyesters of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, and one or more of a methoxy-substituted benzophenone; one or more of a derivative of diphenylmethylenemalonic acid and a derivative of fluorene (including a derivative of cyano(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene) acetic acid and diesters and polyesters of 9H-fluoren-9-ylidenemalonic acid) with a diester and/or polyester of naphthalene dicarboxylic acid; C 12 -C 18  branched chain salicylates (e.g., butyloctyl salicylate); combinations of the foregoing; and the like. 
         [0027]    One or more skin conditioners may also be included in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention. Skin conditioners that may be used include, but are not limited to, emollients, humectants, refatting agents, and the like. 
         [0028]    Emollients soften the skin surface and also control a rate of evaporation of the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition from the skin surface. Suitable emollients include, but are not limited to, cocoglycerides, cyclomethicone, dimethicone, dicapryl maleate, caprylic/capric triglyceride, isopropyl myristate, octyl stearate, isostearyl linoleate, lanolin oil, coconut oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, olive oil, avocado oil, aloe extracts, jojoba oil, castor oil, fatty acids such as oleic acid and stearic acid, fatty alcohols such as cetyl alcohol and hexadecyl alcohol, diisopropyl adipate, hydroxybenzoate ester, benzoic acid esters of C 9 -C 15  alcohols, isononyl iso-nonanoate, alkanes such as mineral oil, silicones such as dimethyl polysiloxane, ether such as polyoxypropylene butyl ether and polyoxypropylene cetyl ether, C 12 -C 15  alkyl benzoate, and combinations thereof. In the composition of the present invention, the total amount of emollient is in a range of about 0.25 wt. % to about 30 wt. %. Preferably, the emollient is present in an amount about 0.25 wt. % to about 4 wt. %. 
         [0029]    Humecants can be included in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention to stabilize the water content, promote water retention, and control evaporation. Suitable humectants include, but are not limited to, glycerin, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, sorbitol, PEG-4, and combinations thereof. A preferred humectant is glycerin, which when used in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention is present in an amount from about 1.0 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, preferably in an amount from about 2.0 wt. % to about 6.0 wt. %, and more preferably in an amount from about 3.0 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. %. 
         [0030]    Other skin conditioners that may be incorporated into the present invention are hydrophilic benzoate esters. One such skin conditioner is methyl gluceth-20 benzoate (available under the trade name FINSOLV EMG-20 from Finetex of Edison, N.J.), which when used can function as an emollient, aid in solublizing the sunscreen component, and help to stabilize the composition. When used in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention, methyl gluceth-20 benzoate would be present in about 0.25 wt. % to about 4.0 wt. %. However, the present invention is not limited in this regard as amounts of methyl gluceth-20 benzoate different from those described above may be used in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention without departing from the broader aspects thereof. 
         [0031]    Another skin conditioner that may be present in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention is caprylyl glycol (also known as 1,2-octanediol (available under the trade name LEXGARD O from Inolex Chemical Company of Philadelphia, Pa.)). Caprylyl glycol conditions the skin by providing a refatting function. Still other skin conditioners that may be incorporated into the composition include, but are not limited to, petrolatum, glycerin, aloe vera, allantoin, sodium PCA, combinations of the foregoing with or without caprylyl glycol, and the like. In the composition of the present invention, skin conditioners may be present in amounts up to about 30 wt. %. Preferably, skin conditioners may be present in an amount between about 0.1 wt. % and about 10 wt. %, and more preferably between about 0.25 wt. % and about 5 wt. %. 
         [0032]    A film forming agent may also be included in the composition of the present invention. Generally, the film forming agent is a hydrophobic material that provides a waterproofing effect to the composition when applied on skin. Suitable film forming agents include, but are not limited to, copolymers of acrylates or acrylates/acrylamides, combinations of acrylates and C 12 -C 22  alkylmethacrylate copolymers, polyethylenes, waxes, esters of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/dimethiconylacrylate/polycarbamylpolyglycol, butylated PVP, PVP/hexadecene copolymer, PVP/eicosene copolymer, tricontanyl PVP, combinations of the foregoing, and the like. Preferred film forming agents are polyester-7 (and) neopentyl glycol diheptanoate (available under the trade name LEXFILM SUN from Inolex Chemical Company of Philadelphia, Pa.). In the composition of the present invention, film forming agents can be present in amounts from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. % and preferably from 1.0 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. %. However, the present invention is not limited in this regard as other film forming agents known to those skilled in the pertinent art to which the present invention pertains and different amounts of film forming agents may be used in the sunless tanning/sunscreen components of the present invention. 
         [0033]    Various primary and secondary emulsifying agents may be included in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention to provide suitable rheological characteristics to the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition. Primary emulsifying agents that may be used include, but are not limited to, acrylate crosspolymers, polyacrylic acid, sodium methacrylate, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylates, and combinations thereof. Primary emulsifying agents preferably include stearic acid, polysorbates such as polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (available under the trade name TWEEN 60 from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation of Milwaukee, Wis.), stearyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether (available under the trade name BRIJ 72 from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation of Milwaukee, Wis.) and polyoxyethylene (20) stearyl ether (available under the trade name BRIJ 78 from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation of Milwaukee, Wis.), C 14 -C 22  alcohol (and) C 12 -C 20  alkyl glucoside (available under the trade name MONTANOV L from Adinop Co., Ltd. of Bangkok, Thailand), combinations of the foregoing, and the like. In the present invention, the amount of primary emulsifying agent is preferably from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and more preferably from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. %. 
         [0034]    Secondary emulsifying agents that when used in conjunction with the primary emulsifying agents provide synergistic effects may also be incorporated into the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention. Such secondary emulsifying agents include, but are not limited to, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, combinations of the foregoing, and the like. When used, the amount of secondary emulsifying agent in the composition of the present invention is preferably from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. %, more preferably from about 0.05 wt. % to about 2.0 wt. %, and still more preferably from about 0.1 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %. However, the present invention is not limited in this regard as amounts other than those specified above can also be employed. 
         [0035]    Thickeners may also be used in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention and can include synthetic and natural gum or polymer products, polysaccharide thickening agents, associative thickeners, anionic associative rheology modifiers, nonionic associative rheology modifiers, oil-thickening agents, acrylates/C 10 -C 30  alkylacrylate crosspolymer, acrylates/aminoacrylates/C 10 -C 30  alkyl PEG-20 itaconate copolymer, acrylates copolymer, acrylates/steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer, acrylates/beheneth-25 methacrylate copolymer, PEG-150/decyl alcohol/SMDI copolymer, PVP, carbomer, PEG crosspolymer, acrylates/palmeth-25 acrylates copolymer, polysaccharides, polyacrylates, polyether-1, sodium magnesium silicates, sodium carbomers, sodium polyacrylates, sodium polymethacrylates, sodium polyacryloyldimethyl taurates, sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymers, sodium carragenan, sodium carboxymethyl dextran, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cyclodextran, bentonites, trihydroxystearin, aluminum-magnesium hydroxide stearate, xanthan gum, and any combinations thereof. Preferably, the thickening agent is carbomer, sodium carbomer, xanthan gum, or any combinations thereof. The amount of thickener when used in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention is from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and preferably from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. %. 
         [0036]    In one embodiment, the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention includes a copolymer of hydroxyethyl acrylate and sodium acryloylmethyl taurate (available under the trade name SEPINOV EMT 10 from Adinop Co., Ltd. of Bangkok, Thailand). This copolymer provides both emulsifying properties and thickening properties in water-based compositions. It also imparts a characteristic texture to the composition that allows the composition to be applied with a creamy, smooth tactile sensation. When used, the amount of this copolymer is preferably from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % and more preferably from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. %. However, the present invention is not limited in this regard as amounts of hydroxyethyl acrylate and sodium acryloylmethyl taurate other than those set forth above can also be used. 
         [0037]    Materials useful in adjusting the pH of the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention may also be included. Such materials include, but are not limited to, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, salts of EDTA, and citric acid. Preferably, the composition is adjusted to a pH from about 4.0 to about 4.5 using a suitable amount of citric acid. 
         [0038]    Preservatives may also be included in the composition of the present invention to protect the composition from microbial contamination and/or oxidation. Preservatives that may be incorporated into the composition include, but are not limited to, diazolidinyl urea, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, chloromethylisotiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone, vitamin E and its derivatives including vitamin E acetate, vitamin C, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylparaben, ethylparaben, methylparaben, propylparaben, isobutylparaben, phenoxyethanol, and combinations thereof. The amount of preservative present in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention is preferably from about 0.01 wt. % to about 2 wt. %. However, the present invention is not limited in this regard as other weight percentages can also be employed. 
         [0039]    The sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention may also include at least one coloring agent. Coloring agents include, but are not limited to, caramel, melanin, extracts from various botanicals, oxides of iron, zinc, and/or titanium, dyes, combinations of the foregoing, and the like. One preferred coloring agent is caramel. When used, the amount of caramel in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention is from about 0.1 wt. % to about 1.0 wt. %. However, the present invention is not limited in this regard as other weight percentages can also be employed. 
         [0040]    Fragrances may also be included in the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention. Fragrances are generally aromatic compounds that impart aesthetically pleasing qualities of smell. Materials that can be used to provide fragrance to the sunless tanning/sunscreen composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, essential oils, extracts of certain flowers (e.g., rose, jasmine, and the like), extracts of certain fruits (e.g., coconut, apple, melon, and the like), alcohols, combinations of the foregoing, and the like. The composition of the present invention typically includes up to about 1.0 wt. % fragrance and preferably from about 0.05 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %. However, the present invention is not limited in this regard as other weight percentages can also be employed. 
       EXAMPLE 1 
     Photostability of Compositions Having at Least One of a Sunless Tanning Agent and a Photostabilizing Agent 
       [0041]    Table 1 below provides formulations for compositions having at least one of a sunless tanning agent and a photostabilizing agent. All amounts are in weight percents (wt. %) based on the total weight of the composition. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Sample 
                 Sample 
                 Sample 
                 Sample 
               
               
                 Chemical Name 
                 Trade Name 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 4 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 DHA (sunless 
                   
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 — 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 tanning agent) 
               
               
                 Adipic acid and 
                 Polycrylene 
                 1.0 
                 2.0 
                 1.0 
                 — 
               
               
                 neopentyl 
               
               
                 glycol 
               
               
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 (photostabilizer) 
               
               
                 Avobenzone 
                   
                 3.0 
                 3.0 
                 3.0 
                 3.0 
               
               
                 (sunscreen 
               
               
                 agent) 
               
               
                 Homosalate 
                   
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 Octisalate 
                   
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
                 5.0 
               
               
                 Octocrylene 
                   
                 2.4 
                 2.4 
                 2.4 
                 2.4 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Other 
                   
                 Q.S. to 100 wt. % 
               
               
                 components 
               
               
                 according to 
               
               
                 present 
               
               
                 invention 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0042]    Each of the Samples in Table 1 was analyzed for photostability. The absorbance of each Sample was measured using a Labsphere UV-1000S Ultraviolet Transmittance Analyzer (available from Labsphere of North Sutton, N.H.) before and after 30 joules per centimeter squared (J/cm 2 ), 40 J/cm 2 , 50 J/cm 2 , and 100 J/cm 2  irradiation with a solar simulator. The solar simulator used was a Model 16S Solar Simulator (available from Solar Light Company of Glenside, Pa.) equipped with a WG 320 filter to transmit radiation greater than 290 nm. The output from the solar simulator was monitored using a PMA 2105 UV-B DCS Detector (available from Solar Light Company of Glenside, Pa.) (biologically weighted) and controlled by a PMA 2100 Automatic Dose Controller (also available from Solar Light Company of Glenside, Pa.). 
         [0043]    A substrate used for testing the compositions of each of the Samples comprised sandblasted plates (available from Schonberg GmbH &amp; Co.). These plates measured about 5.0 millimeters (mm) square by about 0.25 mm thick. Upon having DHA applied thereto, the plates (the substrates) remained unreactive after long term exposure to UV radiation. 
         [0044]    Slides for testing were prepared by drawing the composition of each Sample into a pipette and uniformly applying the composition to the substrate with an application dose corresponding to 2 milligrams per centimeter squared (mg/cm 2 ). The composition was then spread by finger first in a circular motion then in a side-to-side motion. The substrate was then allowed to dry for 15 to 20 minutes. 
         [0045]    To test photostability, the prepared slide was positioned on the Ultraviolet Transmittance Analyzer, and a scan of a one square centimeter spot was made. The slide was then transferred to a holder adjacent the solar simulator and, using calipers, positioned such that the beam of UV radiation exiting the solar simulator illuminated the same one square centimeter spot. The intensity of the illumination was varied in accordance with various settings defined by the software of the solar simulator, namely, (a) UV-B 290-320 nm; (b) UV-A 320-400 nm; (c) SPF 290-400 nm; (d) Spectral Irradiance, Noon, July 3, Albuquerque, N.M.; and (e) SPF Spectral Irradiance and Erythemal Effectiveness. 
         [0046]    Following a pretreatment exposure of 5 J/cm 2  radiation, each slide was again placed in position on the Ultraviolet Transmittance Analyzer, and a scan of the exposed spot was made. The procedure was repeated on the same spot on the slide and exposed to 30 J/cm 2  radiation. 
         [0047]    Table 2 below provides photostability data for each of the Samples listed above in Table 1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Photostability (%) at 310 nm 
                 Photostability (%) at 370 nm 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 5 
                 30 
                 40 
                 50 
                 100 
                 5 
                 30 
                 40 
                 50 
                 100 
               
               
                 Sample 
                 J/cm 2  * 
                 J/cm 2   
                 J/cm 2   
                 J/cm 2   
                 J/cm 2   
                 J/cm 2  * 
                 J/cm 
                 J/cm 
                 J/cm 2   
                 J/cm 2   
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Sample 1 
                 100 
                 99.2 
                 99.6 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
                 98.6 
                 94.5 
                 88.8 
                 78.4 
               
               
                 Sample 2 
                 100 
                 97.9 
                 99.5 
                 98.5 
                 95.0 
                 100 
                 98.5 
                 96.3 
                 97.4 
                 92.3 
               
               
                 Sample 3 
                 100 
                 99.3 
                 98.6 
                 98.8 
                 94.8 
                 100 
                 98.7 
                 98.1 
                 94.8 
                 92.2 
               
               
                 Sample 4 
                 100 
                 100 
                 99.3 
                 100 
                 100 
                 100 
                 91.4 
                 84.0 
                 78.5 
                 49.3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 * Pre-irradiation baseline 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0048]    As can be seen from the above data, Samples 1 and 2 according to the present invention with DHA and photostabilizer at 370 nm showed a marked increase in photostability at the higher irradiation levels, especially when compared to Sample 4 (comparative example outside of the present invention). Most notably, Sample 2 demonstrates comparable photostability to Sample 3 at 100 J/cm 2  and about an 87% increase in photostability over Sample 4 at 100 J/cm 2 , further exemplifying the unexpected photostability achieved by the present invention. 
         [0049]    Referring to  FIGS. 1 through 4 , curves illustrating the photostability (absorbance versus wavelength) for each Sample are shown and provide a visual representation of a portion of the data shown in Table 2 above. 
         [0050]    Referring now to  FIG. 5 , the effect of the adipic acid and neopentyl glycol copolymer (POLYCRYLENE) on the photostabilization of avobenzone in the presence of DHA as the sunless tanning agent is shown. As can be seen from the graph, Samples 1 and 2, according to the present invention, each having 5% DHA and 1% and 2% photostabilizer, respectively, maintain a high level of absorbance as the irradiation dosage is increased, as compared to Samples 3 and 4. 
         [0051]    Although this invention has been shown and described with respect to the detailed embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed in the above detailed description, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.