Abstract:
A fluid transfer device may include a body member and a fluid transfer tip, wherein the fluid transfer tip may include a tapered friction fitting for a corresponding hub. The fluid transfer device also may include a disconnecting member having a front portion and a rear portion and engagement features operating between the disconnecting member and the body member. The engagement features engage with one another to inhibit the front portion of the disconnecting member from moving relative to the fluid transfer tip. The fluid transfer device is arranged such that upon application of a force to the rear portion of the disconnecting member, the disconnecting member deforms so that the engagement features are no longer in engagement with one another. This allows the front portion of the disconnecting member to move relative to the fluid transfer tip and subsequently release the hub from the friction fitting.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to the detachment of fluid-transferring devices and connections from a corresponding hub, and especially when transferring fluid in a medical setting. The invention may find particular use in detaching a fluid transfer device such as a syringe, or other fluid transfer connection, from a hub that is connected to a living subject to/from whom fluid is being transferred. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    In a medical setting it may be necessary or desirable to transfer fluid to/from a subject for a variety of reasons. For example, a hub connected to a needle or other cannula may be used to draw blood from a vein or to infuse fluid substances i.e., intravenous (IV) therapy. A drip is one type of IV therapy. IV therapy may be used to correct electrolyte imbalances, to deliver medications or nutrition, for blood transfusion or as fluid replacement to correct dehydration. IV therapy can also be used for chemotherapy of cancer patients. Fluid-transferring devices such as syringes may also be attached to a hub that connects a cannula for the addition or removal of fluid to/from a variety of bodily cavities, organs, or vessels. For instance, the hub may be part of an entity providing a catheter to drain urine from the bladder or kidney, to remove fluid from an abscess, to extract liquid from joints or cysts, or to administer breathing gases through a tracheal tube. A typical endotracheal tube may include a cuff inflation tube with a hub for attachment of a syringe to enable inflation to seal the trachea and bronchial tree against air leakage and aspiration of fluids. A tracheostomy tube or urinary tract catheter might also use a cuff system with a hub for connection of a syringe or other device to inject fluid to inflate a cup or balloon that holds it in place. However fluid injections using a syringe connected to a needle are one of the most common health care procedures in the world. 
         [0003]    When transferring fluids to/from a subject, the hub with its needle, catheter or other cannula inserted in the patient is often left in-situ while the fluid-transferring device may be removed and replaced, e.g., to empty/re-fill a syringe or to change over the IV therapy. Where two medical devices that carry small fluid volumes must be connected, a standard Luer fitting is the most common means of achieving a leak-free junction. One type of Luer fitting, commonly called a “Luer lock/lok”, uses an internally threaded collar surrounding a “Luer slip” friction fit (see below) tapered male tip of a syringe or the like. The projecting tip can be inserted into a corresponding female hub with an external thread, or other suitable protrusion for cooperating with the collar, and the collar screwed down on the hub to lock the connection. Such Luer lock fittings have the advantage of providing a secure connection that cannot easily come loose, but two hands are needed to hold the hub while screwing the device in/out. A more rapid form of attachment may be preferred in some circumstances, for example in an emergency situation. Another type of Luer fitting, commonly called a “Luer slip”, simply uses a friction fit between a female hub and corresponding tapered male tip of a device without a threaded collar. A standard friction fit may be achieved by a 6% taper. A Luer slip attachment is common for infusing less viscous fluids, such as vaccinations, and transferring fluids where high pressures are not involved, for example when drawing blood. 
         [0004]    A problem observed with both Luer lock and Luer slip connections is the risk of injury when detaching the fluid-transferring device from a hub on a cannula that is still connected to a patient. Although a medical practitioner might take care to hold the hub and avoid injury when unscrewing a Luer lock connection, there is a temptation with a Luer slip connection to try to pull the device from the hub e.g., with one hand. However this can easily result in the hub being tugged away from the body and causing tissue damage. Often the device may not be pulled in a straight line with the cannula connected to the hub, but rotated, and this can twist the components. The tape used to hold the hub e.g., IV port in position is often loosened from the skin and its cannula e.g., needle may even be accidentally extracted. When emptying fluid from a body cavity, for example, keeping the needle hub still when detaching the syringe can be essential to avoid diffuse cutting inside the cavity or damage of the cavity wall. In addition there is a risk of unacknowledged contamination of both the hub and the Luer tip (not only the user) when holding the very small hub with the thumb and index fingers while pulling away the male tip, the tip sliding past the user&#39;s fingers as it is released. 
         [0005]    Moreover tugging with a single hand does not usually apply enough force even to pull the device out of a friction fitting (such as a Luer slip) and, depending on the force used when connecting the Luer slip tip to the hub, the practitioner usually needs to hold or push the hub while also pulling the device so that it becomes detached. Typically the device will be rotated simultaneously while pulling away from the hub. This jerking can result in unwanted extraction of the needle or other component connected to the hub. The connection will often be pressurised by fluid. For example, a cuff connected to a tracheostomy tube, endotracheal tube or urinary catheter often has a tight connection of the male Luer tip with two-handed operation being required to loosen the connection while the sprung piston in the female Luer hub blocks the outflow of fluid (air or liquid) from the cuff. 
         [0006]    Several medical procedures involve targeted introduction of an empty syringe connected to a cannula or other catheter. Such procedures require careful insertion of the cannula or catheter and also careful removal of the syringe if the catheter or cannula is left in situ. The process typically involves applying negative pressure in the syringe by pulling the plunger/piston back during the inward insertion movement of the cannula or catheter towards a target inside the patient. The objective is to verify that the correct target has been reached by drawing a body liquid, e.g., blood, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid from joints, bile, or urine into the syringe barrel where it can be observed. When the appropriate liquid is seen in the barrel, the user can be sure that the catheter tip is in the correct position. Some procedures involve the use of additional guiding tools, e.g., ultrasound guided cannula insertion. During such procedures the user must hold onto the ultrasound probe in addition to the syringe, and monitor the position of the cannula or catheter on a screen. After reaching the target with the tip, the operator typically needs to detach the syringe from the catheter hub. Using conventional methods this can inadvertently cause the tip to dislocate from its intended targeted original position as two handed operation is required to remove the hub. Furthermore during such ultrasound-guided techniques for catheter tip placement, the ultrasound probe is typically put aside/inactivated before the disconnection and therefore the user loses the ability to accurately monitor the position of the tip. 
         [0007]    Ease of disconnection can be a problem not only when detaching a device from a hub connected to a patient but also when it is desired to fill/empty a device such as a syringe via a fluid hub in a quick and convenient manner. For example, when filling a syringe using a needle inserted in a vial, each time that the syringe is removed it requires two hands to firmly grasp the needle hub and the syringe to separate them while the needle remains in the vial. As mentioned above, there is again a risk of contamination as the user grasps the hub and the tip comes into contact with the fingers holding the hub. 
         [0008]    Another situation where a user might come into contact with a needle hub is when using a blood collection tube. The blood tubes are evacuated plastic or glass containers sealed with an elastomeric septum that is piercable by a double-ended needle to draw venous blood. Due to the piercing force and pressure differential, a secure connection to the needle assembly is required and therefore a threaded Luer lock connection is normally used rather than a Luer slip. U.S. Pat. No. 5,201,716 proposes an alternative blood specimen collection system that does not require the needle assembly to be grasped and twisted during disconnection. In this system a needle assembly is mounted with an interference fit rather than a threaded connection. A pivotally mounted lever assembly is spring-biased to hold the needle assembly in position, i.e., to provide an additional level of security over the friction fit. If the lever is actuated against its spring bias then there is only an interference fit holding the needle assembly in place. The lever can be pivoted to simultaneously release the spring bias and to apply a forward ejection force to the needle assembly. 
         [0009]    In any situation where one hand is holding a needle hub while pulling a device away there is a risk of needlestick injury and contamination. Needle caps frequently being mislaid or forgotten can exacerbate this. This also applies when separating a needle or other contaminated component from a syringe or similar device for disposal purposes, with many needlestick injuries occurring when trying to remove sharps to throw into a bin. Usually the person handling a syringe will try to cover a contaminated needle with a cap after use, before grasping the hub to separate the needle from the syringe barrel for disposal. However, when mounting a needle cap onto the contaminated needle a person will use the large muscle groups in the arms and shoulders that work less precisely and, combined with poor depth of vision, this often results in a needlestick injury to the fingers holding the needle cap. It would be better if a needle hub could be safely released without needing to cap the needle or handle the connection. 
         [0010]    There are various fluid transfer procedures in the medical setting that may require a very secure connection between a fluid transfer tip (e.g., provided by a syringe) and a corresponding hub. The hub may be connected to a needle or catheter inserted into an artery, vein, cavity or organ of a patient. In the field of cardiology, angiography and angioplasty procedures may inject fluids (liquid and/or air) into narrow channels at high pressure. Manual syringes and manifold sets are used for percutaneous coronary interventions and coronary diagnostic procedures such as angiography. A cardiac angiographic kit typically may include a catheter hub for connection, a catheter body of chosen size, length and stiffness, and a tip with a single end-hole to eject fluids. The catheter body is inserted into the coronary vessels, ventricles and/or peripheral vasculature. A syringe may be connected to the catheter hub to inject contrast agents or saline at pressures ranging between 250 and 800 psi, and even up to 1000 or 1200 psi (84 bar). The catheter hub has an external thread to provide a standard Luer lock connection. 
         [0011]    Luer lock connectors have become universal, not only for joining syringes to hubs, but also for connecting small-bore medical tubing and hoses for liquids and/or gases. Luer lock connections are commonly used for vascular IV lines but also find use in other medical treatment or diagnostic systems. Tubing and hoses may use a Luer lock connection for cuff inflation systems, feeding tubes, catheters, and hoses for vascular, enteral, respiratory, neuraxial and urethral/urinary systems. 
         [0012]    The screw connection of a Luer lock hub is often considered necessary to withstand high pressures. However a syringe, hose, or other fluid transfer device must be rotated to connect, and disconnect, its Luer lock collar to/from the hub. This can take time and requires a two-handed operation. Furthermore, when a user grips the hub to unscrew the connection there is a risk of contamination, especially where the hub may include a needle that may carry blood on its shaft. It would improve the efficiency and workflow of medical procedures if a fluid transfer device could be disconnected from a Luer lock hub more easily. 
         [0013]    There are various devices known in the art to assist in the removal of a Luer slip hub from a fluid transfer device. Many of these devices utilise a lever member capable of pushing the hub away from the tip of the fluid transfer device. In such embodiments the positioning of the lever member on the fluid transfer device can lead to accidental release of the hub, as the lever typically requires a small amount of force to be applied to it in order to remove the hub. This accidental release could be dangerous in instances where a needle is attached to the hub as this could result in a needlestick injury. 
         [0014]    Arrangements for removing a Luer slip hub may also be used to remove a Luer-lock hub from a fluid transfer device. Some examples of this are taught in WO2014/020090. These fluid transfer devices typically may include a threaded collar attached to a lever member. Such a lever member is capable of moving the threaded collar away from the Luer-lock hub allowing it to be released. However The Applicant has now appreciated the potential for improvement of the arrangements taught in the above-mentioned application. In particular it has been recognised that in some circumstances there might be a tendency with such devices when screwing the Luer-lock hub to the device for the lever member to pull forward and away from the fluid transfer tip. This could cause the threaded collar to move away from the fluid transfer tip and so result in a poor connection between the hub and transfer tip which could lead to the loss of fluid during use of the fluid transfer device. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0015]    The present invention seeks to address or mitigate this problem. When viewed from a first aspect the present invention provides a fluid transfer device including:
       a body member;   a fluid transfer tip, the fluid transfer tip comprising a tapered friction fitting for a corresponding hub;   a disconnecting member having a front portion and a rear portion; and   engagement features operating between the disconnecting member and the body member which engage with one another to inhibit the front portion of the disconnecting member from moving relative to the fluid transfer tip;   the device being arranged such that upon application of a force to the rear portion of the disconnecting member, the disconnecting member deforms so that the engagement features are no longer in engagement with one another, thereby allowing the front portion of the disconnecting member to move relative to the fluid transfer tip and subsequently release the hub from the friction fitting.       
 
         [0021]    Thus it will be seen by those skilled in the art that a fluid transfer device provides a novel mechanism for reducing the risk of accidental release of the hub from the fluid transfer tip. The engagement features ensure that the hub is only removed when a sufficient force is applied to the rear portion of the disconnecting member. The engagement features help to reduce the risk that if a user should inadvertently apply pressure to the disconnecting member, this will accidentally release the hub. 
         [0022]    In a set of embodiments the disconnecting member is provided by a lever member. An advantage of using a lever member to disconnect the tip from a corresponding hub is that it can amplify an input force to provide a greater output force, i.e., providing leverage to push a hub away from the tip. In a set of embodiments the lever member is pivotally mounted relative to the fluid transfer tip. The mechanical advantage of a lever member can increase the force applied so that the device can be released without necessarily holding the hub, thereby enabling single-handed operation. This carries several advantages—for example the ability to maintain sterility during procedures. In the case of catheter insertion procedures, such as those previously described, it advantageously allows a user easily to detach the hub when the tip is correctly positioned without disturbing its position. In ultrasound-guided procedures it also allows the entire procedure up to and including detachment of the hub to be conducted without looking away from the ultrasound monitor. 
         [0023]    Advantageously the disconnecting member is designed such that any potential user can apply an appropriate force to overcome the engagement features. The disconnecting member could be formed integrally with the body member—e.g., using a living hinge. In another set of embodiments the disconnecting member is a separate part from the body member. 
         [0024]    Any suitable form of engagement features may be used. For example complementary mutually engaging coarse surfaces could be provided on the disconnecting member and body member. In a set of embodiments however the engagement features may include at least one protrusion and at least one complementary recess. Protrusions and recesses are considered advantageous as they may provide a positive indication to the user when they are in a locked position. For example when a user applies a force to the disconnecting member it will be evident if the features are locked together as the disconnecting member will not be moved when a smaller force is applied. 
         [0025]    The protrusion may, for example, be located on the body member of the fluid transfer device or on an adapter fitted thereto. The recess may be located on the disconnecting member. However it will be appreciated that the arrangement of engagement features could be the other way around or indeed any combination thereof could be provided—e.g., with some protrusions on one part and other protrusions on the other part. It will be appreciated that there may be any number of engagement features depending on the application of the device. For example the device may be provided with more engagement features to increase the force necessary to move the connecting member. 
         [0026]    In a set of embodiments the engagement features are designed such that there is a smooth transition from engagement to non-engagement. This may be achieved through chamfered or rounded edges on the engagement features. Such a smooth transition may be advantageous in some circumstances to prevent an excessive force being applied to the hub. 
         [0027]    In a set of embodiments the engagement features are visible to the user. Such embodiments may be advantageous in ensuring the user is aware of the state of the lever member when connecting a hub to the fluid transfer device. The disconnecting member may be clear or translucent thus enabling the user to see through the surface of the disconnecting member to determine whether the engagement features are in engagement with one another. Alternatively the engagement features may extend through an external surface of the disconnecting member. For example a protrusion on the body member having a non-circular cross-section could extend through a corresponding aperture on the disconnecting member enabling it to be seen by the user. 
         [0028]    In a set of embodiments in which the disconnecting member may include a lever member, the engagement parts are positioned behind a point at which the lever member pivots. This ensures that the force applied to the lever initially goes towards deforming the lever member and separating the engagement features instead of causing the lever member to become detached from its pivot points. 
         [0029]    In accordance with the invention the hub may be retained on the tip purely by the friction fit. In a set of embodiments however the disconnecting member may include locking means for holding the hub. This may help the hub to be held onto the tip more securely. 
         [0030]    In a set of embodiments the locking means is provided by a latch or other positive connection. For example, a suitable positive connection may be achieved by engaging a pair of male/female parts. This ensures that there is a strong positive connection with the hub and only allows removal of the hub when the lever is depressed. Some non-limiting examples of a latch may include a single protrusion, a series of protrusions or a saw-tooth profile. 
         [0031]    In a further set of embodiments the locking means may include a screw thread provided on a lever member providing the disconnecting member. This provides a mechanism for locking a suitably configured hub, e.g., a standard Luer lock hub, onto the device. The hub may be connected by relative rotation between it and the body member, as is conventional, to ensure a tight screw connection. Such a Luer lock connection may be suited to high pressure fluid transfer procedures. 
         [0032]    In such arrangements the lever member may be arranged such that movement of the front portion of the lever member relative to the body member causes the screw thread to pivot away and release the screw fit so that a hub can be disconnected from the device without an unscrewing action. The usual two-handed operation of unscrewing can thus be replaced by a simple one-handed operation of the lever member. 
         [0033]    It is not essential that the hub also carries a screw thread. For example if the screw thread on the lever member does not extend all the way around the hub, the hub may be engaged though a simple annular flange, such as is found on a standard Luer slip hub, with the screw thread engaging the flange to provide a positive connection in addition to the friction fitting. Other hub designs may also be positively engaged by the screw thread, as is explained further below. 
         [0034]    The Applicant has appreciated that locking the lever member in position, by means of the engagement features, is also beneficial when using threaded or flanged hubs with a threaded collar on the lever member. When screwing a screw threaded hub or hub with a flange onto a device without the lever member locked in position, there may be a tendency for the lever member to be pulled forward, due to the threaded hub pulling on the collar, in such a way that the collar might slip off the thread or flange. In this case when screwing the hub in further it would not be possible to obtain a desirably tight connection between the hub and male connector tip. With the engagement features of the present invention this problem may be overcome. The engagement features may prevent the lever member from moving in reaction to the pulling force referred to above. Consequently as the hub is screwed onto the collar the lever member is kept in an engaged position, with the threaded collar held close to the male connector tip, and a tight fit can be made with the male connector tip. Furthermore, when the disconnecting member is in the locked position, and the engagement features are in engagement with one another, a pulling force provided by the collar as the hub is screwed in to the collar, pulls the sidewalls of the disconnecting member inwards, and further tightens the engagement of the engagement features thus preventing the disconnecting member from moving. 
         [0035]    The screw thread mounted on the lever member can be considered a kind of latch, as pivoting the lever member releases the latch so that the screw thread is separated from a corresponding thread on an outer surface of the connected hub. This leaves the hub connected by the friction fitting alone. Simply releasing the screw fit is not enough to disconnect the hub from the fluid transfer tip; the hub cannot fall away from the tip under gravity due to the friction fitting. The lever member of preferred embodiments of the invention has the additional function of also releasing the hub from the friction fitting. This may be achieved in a single smooth action by the lever member, for example a front surface of the front portion moving relative to the fluid transfer tip to push away the hub and release the friction fitting. In a preferred set of embodiments the lever member is pivotally connected to the body member of the device with one end, such as a front surface, moveable between first and second positions relative to the fluid transfer tip. 
         [0036]    As is mentioned above, a hub may be connected to the fluid transfer device by pushing and rotating the hub, thus engaging the thread on the hub with the threaded collar. For example, a standard Luer lock hub may be rotated by up to 270° to ensure connection of its outer screw thread with the screw thread mounted on the lever member. During this process the lever member may remain locked in its engaged position while the hub is being connected. However, the Applicant has recognised that the time and/or manual dexterity required to rotate a hub to form the screw fit may not always be desirable. In accordance with embodiments of the invention however, an over-threshold force can be applied to the rear portion of the lever member to pivot the screw thread or other locking means provided on the front portion of the lever member away from the tip. A hub can then be pushed onto the male connector tip. A final, short rotation of the hub may then allow the screw thread to engage. This may provide an improvement over standard Luer lock connections as it may only require a turn through 90° (or less), rather than 180° or 270°, to complete the screw fit connection. 
         [0037]    In a set of embodiments the screw thread on the lever member is only partial. For example the screw thread may be an internal thread carried by a partial or hemi-cylindrical collar. As such a collar only extends around one side of the fluid transfer tip, e.g., up to 180° around the circumference of the fluid transfer tip, the screw fit may be released simply by pivoting the lever member to move the collar away from the fluid transfer tip and hub connected thereto. 
         [0038]    More generally, it is preferable that the screw thread provided on the lever member takes the form of an internally threaded collar. Such a collar may be provided on the lever member to at least partially surround the fluid transfer tip. In order to ensure a secure Luer lock connection, the internally threaded collar may extend substantially 360° around the circumference of the fluid transfer tip. However a 360° collar can make it more difficult for the lever member to operate to release the screw fit, as the collar must be moved away from the fluid transfer tip on all sides. The internally threaded collar may be separable into multiple segments that are arranged to be moved apart by pivoting the lever member to disengage the engagement features and thereby release the screw fit with the hub. 
         [0039]    Such a fluid transfer connection benefits from the screw fit of a standard Luer lock connection, which is trusted to withstand pressurised fluid transfer procedures, the quality of the connection is ensured as the lever member is locked in position. The connection also enables the Luer lock connection to be released by operating the lever member instead of unscrewing the tip from a corresponding hub. This can be a simple one-handed gesture rather than a two-handed twisting movement. The separable collar allows the lever-operated disconnection mechanism to cooperate with a standard Luer lock hub. 
         [0040]    In a set of embodiments the locking means is carried by a collar provided on the disconnecting member such that the hub can be mounted to the tip by initially applying a force to the disconnecting member to disengage the engagement features and move the collar away from the tip, and when the hub has been pushed onto the friction tip, the disconnecting member can be returned to a position whereby the locking means on the collar engages with the hub. Such an embodiment is advantageous as it allows the user to easily mount the hub on the device without having to overcome the locking means when attaching the hub. This is particularly advantageous when the locking means is provided by a latch which might require significant force to push the hub past the latch. 
         [0041]    A potential problem with pushing a hub away from a tip is that it may be forcibly disconnected. If the hub is carrying a needle or other sharp object then this could pose an injury risk. In a set of embodiments therefore the device further may include a catch means arranged to catch the hub after it has been released from the friction fitting. Further movement of the disconnecting member (e.g., against a resilient bias) may cause the catch means to catch the hub. In this way the hub may be caught as it becomes disconnected but then controllably separated from the device. The catch means be may be subsequently released by resiliently biased movement of the disconnecting member, e.g., back to its resting state. 
         [0042]    In a set of embodiments the disconnecting member is moveable between two positions: a first position wherein the front portion proximal to the male connector tip is close to the base of the tip and a second position wherein the front portion moves towards a distal end of the male connector tip. In a further set of embodiments the disconnecting member is resiliently biased such that it returns to its first position when no force is applied to the disconnecting member. This may be advantageous as it means that the device may always be in a state whereby a hub can be attached. 
         [0043]    In a further set of embodiments the resilient bias is provided by the disconnecting member itself. This is advantageous as the lever member can be designed such that the deformation of the lever member, required to separate the engagement parts, acts to resiliently bias the disconnecting member back to its first, locked, positioned. In a set of embodiments the disconnecting member is made from an elastically deformable material. In a preferred set of embodiments the disconnecting member is made from plastic which can provide an inexpensive, sterile, and disposable product for single use in a medical setting. 
         [0044]    Although the disconnecting member may take many different forms, preferably the disconnecting member may include a front surface that is substantially transverse to the axis of the tip and the front surface is arranged to move along the tip from a first position to a second position when force to disengage the engagement features is applied to the disconnecting member. In order for the disconnecting member to transfer force efficiently, it is preferable for it to be relatively stiff. The disconnecting member may be stiffened by forming it as a three-dimensional shell—i.e., with a shape that extends significantly in all three dimensions. 
         [0045]    In a set of embodiments the disconnecting member may include a front surface that is substantially transverse to the axis of the tip and one or more side surfaces that extend in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the tip. The surfaces may form a shroud extending at least partly around an axis defined by the tip—e.g., by at least 90 degrees. The shroud preferably extends back from the front surface, away from the fluid transfer tip. The three-dimensional extent of the member can help to ensure that it is stiff even if formed of a plastics material yet is still deformable to allow the engagement features to separate. In such embodiments, when a force is applied to the disconnecting member it causes the side surfaces of the disconnecting member to expand, thus disengaging the engagement features and allowing the disconnecting member to move relative to the body member. 
         [0046]    In a further set of embodiments separate resilient means are provided between the disconnecting member and the body member. This may be in the form of a spring or any piece of elastically deformable material. This may be advantageous to ensure that the disconnecting member returns to its original, locked position to ensure the screw thread connection is secure, irrespective of any resilience of the disconnecting member itself. 
         [0047]    The body member comprising at least one of the engagement features may be integral with or separate from the fluid transfer tip. In one set of embodiments the body member may include an integral mounting arrangement for the disconnecting member. In embodiments where the body member is integral with the fluid transfer tip, it may be positioned behind the fluid transfer tip, for example carried by a fluid chamber that is integrated with the tip. 
         [0048]    In one set of embodiments the fluid transfer device may include a fluid chamber in communication with the fluid transfer tip and the body member is integrated with the fluid chamber. For example, the body member may include an axle integrated with the fluid chamber for pivotally mounting a disconnecting member in the form of a lever member. In a set of embodiments one of the engagement features is integrated with the fluid chamber. In such examples, the fluid transfer device may include a syringe and the syringe barrel may have an axle moulded on its outer surface to pivotally mount the lever member along with an engagement feature moulded on its outer surface to engage the corresponding feature on the lever member. The fluid chamber, such as the barrel of a syringe, may therefore be designed to mount a disconnecting member so that the device can be supplied with the disconnecting member pre-mounted ready for use. 
         [0049]    In another set of embodiments the disconnecting member could even be integrated with the body member, for example as a lever member pivotally mounted by an integral hinge and held in a locked position by means of complementary engagement features on the body member and the lever member respectively. The lever member and body member could, for example, be formed as a single plastics moulding, e.g., with the lever member pivotally mounted by a living hinge or the like. 
         [0050]    However, in another set of embodiments it may be desirable to retrofit a disconnecting member to an existing fluid transfer device or connection. For example, it may be desirable to mount a lever member to a standard syringe or other device/connection—via a suitable body member which may grip the syringe etc.—so as to enjoy various of the benefits outlined above but without changing the design of the device/connection. In such embodiments it is preferable that the disconnecting member is mounted by a separate body member. The body member may be attached to a fluid transfer device or connection by any suitable means. So as to avoid interference with the fluid transfer tip, the body member may be attached to the aft end of the tip, or behind the tip, e.g., by an attachment collar which grips the body. In a set of embodiments the body member may include means for gripping a barrel, hose, or other suitable portion of a fluid transfer device. The gripping means, could, for example, include one or more elastically compliant fingers made from a high friction material such as synthetic rubber. 
         [0051]    When viewed from a second aspect the invention provides a connector for a fluid transfer device comprising a fluid transfer tip including a tapered friction fitting for a corresponding hub, the connector providing:
       a body member;   a disconnecting member having a front portion and a rear portion; and   engagement features operating between the disconnecting member and the body member which engage with one another to inhibit the front portion of the disconnecting member moving relative to the body member;   the device being arranged such that upon application of a force to the rear portion of the disconnecting member, the disconnecting member deforms so that the engagement features are no longer in engagement with one another, thereby allowing the front portion of the disconnecting member to move relative to the fluid transfer tip and subsequently release the hub from the friction fitting.       
 
         [0056]    It will be understood that such a retrofitting adapter may be attached around the fluid transfer tip or any other part of a fluid transfer connection or device, such as a syringe, in any situation where operation of the lever member may assist in locking and subsequently disconnecting a hub to/from the tip. The adapter may be attached before or after inserting the tip into a hub. Such an adapter could be optionally attached to a fluid transfer device or connection by a user when it is determined that the friction fitting is too tight to be easily disconnected by pulling the tip away from the hub, or at least not without risking damage or injury. The mechanism could also be optionally attached where the fluid transfer device (or connection) is connected to a hub carrying a needle and protection from needle spike is desired. 
         [0057]    In one set of embodiments of either aspect of the invention the disconnecting member is removably mounted to the body member. This means that a user may remove and discard the disconnecting member if it is not required or if it is preferable to operate the device (or connection) without any interference from the disconnecting member. 
         [0058]    The fluid transfer device may include any type of device used to transfer fluid—liquid and/or gas—either to or from a fluid receptacle. The fluid receptacle may be inanimate or it may be part of a living subject, for example a bodily cavity, organ, or vessel, such as a vein or artery. The present invention may find a wide range of uses, for example it could be employed for containers of dangerous or hazardous liquids—e.g., glue—where it is desirable to be able to detach a cap whilst avoiding contact with a user&#39;s hand. In a preferred set of embodiments however the fluid transfer device is a medical device. The fluid transfer device may include one or more devices such as a syringe, pre-filled syringe, IV delivery device e.g., “drip”, transfusion device, fluid pump, stopcock, aspirator, suction device, container for a blood collection tube or hose. Alternatively the fluid transfer device could include a luer lock/luer slip male/female “bridge extension”, which would enable the one-hand use functionality described herein to be added to an existing device. The device may be made to meet the relevant medical standard(s), for example ISO 7886 for sterile hypodermic syringes. 
         [0059]    These and other features and improvements of the present application and the resultant patent will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the several drawings and the appended claims. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0060]    Some embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0061]      FIG. 1  is an exploded view of a fluid transfer device embodying the invention; 
           [0062]      FIG. 2  is an enlarged view of the adapter of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0063]      FIG. 3  shows the fluid transfer device in typical use; 
           [0064]      FIG. 4  is a pair of cross-sectional views on line A-A of  FIG. 3  showing the lever member and corresponding adapter in both locked and unlocked positions; 
           [0065]      FIG. 5  is a close-up view of a lever member in accordance with another embodiment of the invention; 
           [0066]      FIG. 6  shows a lever member similar to that of  FIG. 5  without the catch; 
           [0067]      FIG. 7  shows another embodiment of a fluid transfer device wherein the axle and engagement features are integral; 
           [0068]      FIG. 8  is a sectional view of the fluid transfer device of  FIG. 7  with a lever member and hub attached; 
           [0069]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of the fluid transfer device of  FIG. 8 ; 
           [0070]      FIG. 10  shows another embodiment of the lever member with a threaded collar and catch integrally provided; 
           [0071]      FIG. 11  shows the hub being screwed onto a fluid transfer device including the lever member of  FIG. 10 ; 
           [0072]      FIG. 12  is a sectional view of the embodiment of  FIG. 11  with the hub in the locked position on the fluid transfer device; 
           [0073]      FIG. 13  shows the lever member being depressed in order to release he engagement features and release the hub; 
           [0074]      FIG. 14  shows the lever member being returned to its original position and the hub being released from the device; 
           [0075]      FIG. 15  is an enlarged sectional view of the hub being held in the locked position by the threaded collar; 
           [0076]      FIG. 16  shows the hub attached to the fluid transfer device in the locked position; 
           [0077]      FIG. 17  is a cross sectional view of a fluid transfer device in accordance with the invention with the lever member in the locked position; 
           [0078]      FIG. 18  is an enlarged view of the side walls of the lever member and body member of  FIG. 17  when the lever member is in the locked position; 
           [0079]      FIG. 19  is a view of the fluid transfer device when the lever member has been depressed; 
           [0080]      FIG. 20  is a cross sectional view of the fluid transfer device when the lever member has been depressed and he side walls of the lever member have expanded; 
           [0081]      FIG. 21  is an enlarged view of the side walls of the lever member and fluid transfer device when the lever member is in the un-locked position; 
           [0082]      FIG. 22  is view similar to  FIG. 2  of a further embodiment of an adapter in accordance with the invention; and 
           [0083]      FIG. 23  is an enlarged view of the gripping features of  FIG. 22 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0084]    There may be seen in  FIG. 1  an embodiment of a disconnecting mechanism for a fluid transfer device taking the form of a syringe  2 . The syringe  2  generally may include a fluid barrel  4  in communication with a male tip  6 . The tip  6  is tapered from its aft end, proximal to the barrel  4 , to its forward end according to the standard Luer slip design i.e., a 6% taper (equivalent to around 3.43°). Fluid in the barrel  4  can be transferred through the tip  4  by pushing or pulling a plunger  8  inserted in the barrel  4 . However, although a syringe  2  is shown in each of the embodiments for simplicity, such a Luer slip tip could equally be part of another fluid transfer device such as a drip, a hose connector or an “extension bridge” connector, as mentioned earlier. 
         [0085]      FIG. 1  demonstrates how the syringe  2  can be connected with a body member in the form of an adapter  10 , a lever member  12 , and a female hub  14 . In this embodiment the lever member  12  is attached to the adapter  10 . This adapter can then be positioned on the syringe  2 . The male connector tip  6  may be connected to a corresponding female hub  14  in order to transfer fluid to a needle  16  or other cannula mounted on the hub  14 . Although not shown, the needle  16  might already be inserted into a living subject, for example for IV therapy with the hub  14  providing an IV port for the injection and/or removal of various fluids. 
         [0086]    The tapered tip  6  is inserted into the hub  14  and forms a friction fit that is fluid-tight. In each of the embodiments, a lever member  12  is provided that can be manually operated to move relative to the male tip  6  between a first position, proximal to the syringe barrel and a second position spaced from the first position towards the distal end of the male tip  6  so as to push against the hub  14 . Operation of the lever member  12  therefore acts to disconnect the syringe hub  14  from the tip  6  without a user needing to pull or tug the syringe hub  14  to release the friction fit of the Luer slip connection. 
         [0087]    In the embodiment of  FIG. 1  the lever member  12  is pivotally mounted to the adapter  10  which is attached to the syringe barrel  4 . The adapter  10  can be held on the syringe  2  by any suitable means. This may be a friction fit or there may be locking features that hold the adapter on the syringe barrel  4 . Alternatively the adapter  10  may include an internal thread and the syringe  2  may include an external thread to allow the adapter  10  to be screwed onto the syringe  2 . 
         [0088]    The lever member  12  may include a front surface  18  and rearwardly extending surface. The rearwardly extending surface may include a top surface  20  and side surfaces  22 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  the lever member further may include a screw threaded collar  24  and a catch  26 . The purpose of the threaded collar  24  is to engage with the hub  14  to lock it in position and the catch  26  is present to catch the hub  14  once it has been released from the male tip  6  by the lever member  12 . 
         [0089]    There is shown in  FIG. 2  an enlarged view of the adapter  10 . The adapter  10  has the general form of an annular band  28  enabling it to be fitted onto the syringe  2 . The band  28  has a smooth inner surface  30 . This inner surface  30  could be tapered or stepped to allow the adapter  10  to be fitted on to syringe barrels or other devices which have different diameters. In this embodiment the adapter is held on due to the frictional force between the adapter  10  and the outer surface of the syringe barrel  4 . 
         [0090]    The adapter may include two axle portions  32  integrally moulded at its forward end. These mount the lever member  12  to the adapter so that it can pivot about an axis defined by the axle portions  32 . The adapter  10  further may include protrusions  34  extending from a rear part thereof. The protrusions  34  have chamfered edges  36  which ensure that they pass smoothly into and out of corresponding recesses on the lever member  12  as will be explained hereinbelow. 
         [0091]      FIG. 3  shows the fluid transfer device  2 , adapter  10 , lever member  12 , and female hub  14  in normal use. The adapter  10  is positioned on the device  2  and the lever member  12  is pivotally mounted to the adapter  10  in such a way that pivotal movement is inhibited as is shown more clearly on the left hand side of  FIG. 4 . The female hub  14  can be screwed onto the male connector  6  tip by screwing it through the thread on the threaded collar  24 . This is made possible as the hub  14  may include an annular flange  40 . As the collar  24  is hemi-cylindrical in the embodiment shown, it is not necessary for the hub  14  to have a threaded section, an annular flange is sufficient to allow it to engage with the half screw thread  24 . In different embodiments if the collar extends substantially around the male connector tip  6  then it may be necessary for the hub  14  to be threaded. The catch  26  on the lever member  12  prevents the hub  14  from being dangerously ejected from the device as will be explained later. 
         [0092]    As seen in  FIGS. 1 and 3 , the lever member  12  is formed in a shroud shape which extends rearwardly and partially surrounds the adapter  10  and syringe barrel  4  through an angle of approximately 270°. Internal sockets (not shown) receive the axle portions  32  when the lever is clipped onto the adapter  10  to allow for pivotal movement between them. As shown in the left hand portion of  FIG. 4  however, such pivotal movement is inhibited by the protrusions  34  on the adapter  10  being received in complementary recesses  38  on the inner surface of the side portions  22  of the lever  12 . This can therefore be considered to be a locked position. 
         [0093]    The right hand side of  FIG. 4  shows what happens when a user applies a force to the rear part  20  of the lever member. Pivotal movement is inhibited by the engagement between the protrusions  34  and recesses  38 , but because the lever member  12  is moulded from a flexible plastic material the force applied to the rear part  20  of the lever causes the side surfaces  22  of the lever member to deform and bow out. As a result the recesses  38  are disengaged from the protrusions  34  and so the lever member  12  can then be pivoted about the axle portions  32 . 
         [0094]    In the embodiments shown the protrusions  34  and recesses  38  are positioned centrally about the axis of the fluid transfer device  2 , however it will be appreciated that depending on the application they could be positioned away from the centre axis and further towards the top or the bottom of the adapter  10 . 
         [0095]      FIG. 4  illustrates that the shape of the lever member  12  can provide a resilient bias. Here the top portion  20  of the lever member is narrower in horizontal extent than the lower section. When the lower sections  22  are made to bow out by an applied force as in the right hand part of  FIG. 4 , when the force is subsequently removed, the deformed sides  22  tend to return to their original shape. As the top portion  20  is narrower than the lower portion  22 , this pulls the lever member upwards  12  and thus causes the protrusions  34  and recesses  34  to become re-engaged, thus locking the lever member  12  in place once more. 
         [0096]    Because the lever member  12  is locked into position unless pressure is applied to the rear portion  20 , when the hub  14  is screwed into the threaded collar  24 , the collar (which is an integral part of the lever member) resists the tendency to be drawn up by the hub  14  which would otherwise give rise to a tendency to slip off the flange  40  and so reduced the connection strength. 
         [0097]      FIG. 5  shows a different embodiment of the lever member  12 ′. The lever member  12 ′ still has a shroud shape with a hemi-cylindrical collar  24 ′ and a catch  26 . However in this embodiment the collar  24 ′ also may include split sections  41  which extend away from the collar  24 ′ in a conical shape. This effectively increases the size of the opening of the collar  24 ′ and makes it easier for the user to locate the female hub onto the device.  FIG. 6  shows a similar embodiment except there is no catch provided. 
         [0098]      FIG. 7  shows a further embodiment. In this embodiment instead of the annular adapter there is provided an adapter  42  that can be fitted directly to a hose or other fluid transfer device rather than a syringe. In this embodiment it can be seen that the aft end of the adapter  42  may include a nozzle  44  which can be connected to another device. This has a cylindrical section  46  with an enlarged frusto-conical end portion  48 . This allows a hose or other device to be slid easily onto the end of the device and be held in place. In other embodiments (not shown) a similar adapter could be provided which forms a Luer lock/Luer slip male/female “bridge extension” which is able to connect to other devices which Luer lock/luer slip compatible—e.g., by including in the adapter a hub-like structure able to receive a standard male tip and a tip-like structure able to receive the hub bearing the needle. 
         [0099]    The adapter  42  also may include an integral male connector tip  6 ′ and the adapter  42  shown in  FIG. 7  also may include axle portions  32 ′ for enabling a lever member  12 ,  12 ′ to be mounted to the adapter  42 . Also seen on the side of the adapter  42  is one of two protrusions  34 ′ which engage in complementary recess in the lever member to lock it into position as previously described. A reinforcing ring  50  of material ensures that when pressure is applied to the lever member it does not deform into the void space around the adapter and instead expands to disengage the protrusions  34 ′. 
         [0100]    Also shown is a base plate  52  on the opposite side of the adapter  42  to the axle portions  32 ′. This has a curved rear portion  54 . The base plate  52  is provided to allow the user to grip the adapter  42  securely. This assists both when positioning the female hub  14  on the male tip  6 ′ and when releasing the hub  14 . 
         [0101]      FIG. 8  shows an assembled implementation of the adapter  42  of  FIG. 7 , in which the female hub  14  mas been placed on the male tip  6 ′. It can be seen that the flanged portion  40  of the hub is held in place by the internally threaded collar  24  on the lever member  12 . 
         [0102]      FIG. 9  is another view of the same embodiment whereby the lever member  12 ′ and hub  14  are shown. This figure shows where the user can grip both the lever member rear portion  20  and the base plate  52 . In this figure the benefit provided by the split diverging portion  41  of the collar  24  can be seen since it effectively increases the aperture size of the collar, making guiding the hub  14  into the internally threaded collar  24  easier. 
         [0103]      FIG. 10  shows he lever member  12  of  FIG. 1 . The threaded collar  24  may include half a turn of internal thread  56  which enables the user easily to screw the hub onto the device as it requires turning the hub (not shown) through a small angle to attach it. 
         [0104]      FIGS. 11-14  show the sequence of events when a hub is attached to the device and later removed. As seen in  FIG. 11  the device may include an adapter  10  carrying a lever member  12  attached to a syringe  2  as previously described, e.g., with reference to  FIG. 1 . The hub  14  bearing a needle  16  is attached to the syringe  2  by first by placing the hub  14  onto the male connector tip  6  and screwing it into position. During this the flange  40  on the hub engages with the internal thread on the collar  24 . Throughout the attachment of the hub, the lever member  12  remains in the locked position whereby the protrusions  34  and recesses  38  are in engagement. This ensures that when the hub  14  is screwed on, the lever member  12  is not pulled towards the distal end of the male connector tip  6 , thus ensuring a good connection between the hub  14  and male tip  6 . Thus as the hub  14  is screwed on, the connection with the male tip  6  is improved and a better fluid-tight fit is achieved. 
         [0105]    Once the hub  14  is fully screwed into position it is in a locked position. It is held in place by the friction fit provided by the male tip  6  and the threaded collar  24 . This locked position can be seen in  FIG. 12 . In this state the user can apply pressure to the plunger  8  which will result in fluid being transferred through the male tip  6  and out of the needle  16 . 
         [0106]    When the user has finished using the device and wishes to remove the female hub  14 , they simply apply pressure to the top surface  20  of the lever member  12 . This process can be seen in  FIG. 13 . The applied pressure causes the side surfaces  22  of the lever member  12  to deform and thus the recesses  38  disengage from the protrusions  34 . As soon as the recesses  38  are free from the protrusions  34 , the force applied to the lever  12  causes it to rotate about the axle portions  32 . This causes the threaded collar  24  to move away from the flange  40  on the hub  14  and the front surface of the lever member  12  to move towards a distal end of the male connector tip  6  pushing away the female hub  14 . This acts to release the hub  14  from the friction fit. The catch  26  also moves towards the hub  14  to arrest its free movement and prevent it from being ejected dangerously from the device. At this stage, as shown in  FIG. 13 , the hub  14  is still loosely over the male tip  6 , however it is held only by the catch  14 . 
         [0107]    When the user wishes to remove the female hub  14  completely for safe disposal, they can release the applied pressure to the lever member  12 . This process is illustrated in  FIG. 14 . After the force being applied to the lever member  12  is released, the lever member  12  returns to its un-deformed state and so to its locked position as previously described with reference to  FIG. 4 . The hub  14  is thereby freed from the catch  26  and can be discarded appropriately in a sharps bin or other suitable place. 
         [0108]      FIG. 15  shows an enlarged view of the hub  14  when screwed onto the adapter and held in position by the threaded collar  24 . The internal thread  56  grips the flange  40  on the hub  14 . It is clear from this view that in this embodiment there is a minimal amount of thread  56  on the collar  24 . This allows a quick and easy attachment of the hub  14  to the device since it is only necessary to turn it through a small angle. In situations where a stronger connection is required, for example where the pressures involved are higher, the collar  24  may be provided with more turns of thread  56 . 
         [0109]      FIG. 16  shows another view of all the components of  FIG. 1  together in a locked position. It can be seen that the adapter  10  has been slid onto the chamber  4  of the syringe  2 .  FIG. 17  is a sectional view on line A-A of  FIG. 16 . It is possible to see how the axle portions  32  engage with sockets  60  on the lever member  12  providing a pivot axis. Also the protrusions  34  and recesses  38 , which form the locking mechanism, can be seen. 
         [0110]      FIG. 18  is an enlarged view the circled area of  FIG. 17  showing the protrusions  34  on the adapter  10  engaging with the recesses  38  on the side walls  22  of the lever member  12 . It may be seen that the protrusion  34  is a relatively loose fit in the recess  38  to ensure that the protrusion  34  is reliably received in the recess  38  without becoming caught on the edge thereof. The small amount of play this permits is not sufficient to dislodge the hub  14 . The Applicant has appreciated that several variations in the shape of the protrusion, and a tight/loose fit in the corresponding recess enable adjusting the design to an optimal function. 
         [0111]      FIGS. 19 to 21  correspond to  FIGS. 16-18  for the case where the lever rear portion  20  is pressed down to release the lever  12 .  FIG. 19  shows the hub  14  disengaged and pushed away from its friction fit with the tip and so partially disconnected from the device as described above with reference to  FIG. 13 . 
         [0112]      FIG. 20  shows how the side surfaces  22  of lever member  12  expand to disengage the engagement means. Applying a force to the top surface  20  of the lever member  12  it causes the protrusions  34  to press against the sides of the recesses  38 . The force being applied therefore goes towards expanding the side surfaces  22  causing the lever member  12  to deform. This causes the sides  22  to bow out so that the recesses  38  separate away from the protrusions  34 . Once the protrusions  34  and recesses  38  are out of engagement, the lever member  12  is free to rotate further. 
         [0113]    Also visible in  FIG. 20  are sockets  60  on the lever member  12  in the form of elongated slots. The slots  60  receive the axle portions  32  on the adapter  10 . The slots  60  are elongated so as to accommodate the relative movement between the lever member  12  and the adapter  10  when the lever is depressed without the axles portions  32  becoming disengaged from the slots  60 . 
         [0114]      FIG. 21  shows an enlarged cross sectional view of the protrusions  34  and recesses  38  when the lever member  12  is in the unlocked position. It is clear that the sidewalls  22  of the lever member have expanded and the lever member  12  is free to pivot about the axle portions  32 . As the lever member  12  pivots, the protrusions  34  move along the inside surface of the side walls  22 . Although in the embodiment described the protrusions  34  pass along the inside surface, a groove may be provided on the inside surface of the sidewalls  22  to assist in directing the motion of the protrusion  34  and thus the lever member  12 . 
         [0115]    As described above, the hub  14  is typically attached to the device by pushing it onto the tip  6  whilst at the same time screwing it into the threaded collar  24 . As an alternative method it is also possible first to depress the lever member rear portion  20 , which disengages the protrusions  34  and recesses  38  and causes the lever member to pivot. The threaded collar  24  is pivoted away from the tip. The hub  14  can then be pushed onto the tip  6  and the lever member  12  can be released. The resilience of the lever member  12  causes it to return to its original locked position. The threaded collar  24  also returns to engage the flange  40  of the hub. The hub  14  can then be rotated a small amount to screw it into its final position. This method is advantageous as it requires minimal turning of the hub which may be difficult in instances where the hub is attached to a needle, or in instances where the hub is already attached to a living subject. 
         [0116]      FIG. 22  shows an alternative embodiment of an adapter  10 ′. This embodiment provides extra gripping means  62  on the adapter  10 ′ to reduce the risk of the adapter being made to slip on the barrel  4  when a hub  14  is screwed onto the device. It can be seen that there are four high-friction gripping fingers  62  provided around the circumference of the adapter  10 ′, however the number of and placement of these may vary depending on the application. The gripping fingers  62  are moulded as part of the adapter  10 ′ and decrease its effective internal diameter to make a tighter fit. There also have clip sections  64  which may provide further grip or may lock into corresponding grooves on the barrel  4  of the device  2 . The adapter  10 ′ also may include a lipped section  66  which abuts against the front surface of the fluid transfer device  2  when it is fully on the device. 
         [0117]    Also shown in  FIG. 22  is an alternative form of protrusion  34 ″. It can be seen that the protrusion  34 ″ has a fin-like shape with a tapered edge  70  tapering towards the bottom of the adapter  10 ′ and a horizontal edge  72 . Such a protrusion  34 ″ is advantageous as the horizontal edge  72  ensures that the lever cannot be pivoted downwards when the hub is being screwed on. It is only possible to dislodge the lever member  12  from the edge  72  when there is a significant force applied to the top surface  22  of the lever member  12 . Furthermore the tapered face  70  ensures that when the pressure to the lever member  12  is removed, the recess on the lever member  12  can easily slide over the protrusion  34 ″ and return to its locked position. This ensures that the device is always in a locked position when no force is being applied to the lever member  12 . 
         [0118]      FIG. 23  shows an enlarged view of the additional gripping fingers  62  provided on the adapter  10 ′. It is seen that the gripping fingers  62  are provided on the lipped section  66  at the end of the adapter. The adapter  10 ′ is typically made from plastic, this allows the gripping means  62  to flex towards the wall of the adapter  10 ′ during attachment to a device. This flexibility ensures that a strong grip is achieved with the fluid transfer device  2 , and it also allows the adapter  10 ′ to be used with devices that have slightly varying diameters 
         [0119]    In the embodiments shown the protrusions and axles are located on the adapter or fluid transfer device. However it is appreciated the both the axles and/or protrusions may be provided on the lever member and corresponding recesses may be provided on the adapter or fluid transfer device. Indeed there are many other possible ways in which engagement features could be provided to inhibit movement between the lever member and adapter. 
         [0120]    It will be appreciated that it is not essential for an adapter to be provided—the invention could be implemented using a specially designed fluid transfer device. Moreover it is not essential to use a pivoting lever member—other forms of disconnecting member are contemplated such as a linearly sliding disconnecting member. 
         [0121]    It should be apparent that the foregoing relates only to certain embodiments of the present application and the resultant patent. Numerous changes and modifications may be made herein by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the general spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims and the equivalents thereof.