Abstract:
An address coding method, which is performed by a memory device including a plurality of banks each being shared by at least two memory blocks, includes: activating adjacent banks shared by at least two memory blocks during a refresh operation of the memory device, and enabling the refresh operation in each bank alternately between the at least two memory blocks. The method includes activating adjacent banks shared by the at least two memory blocks during another operation of the memory device, and enabling the another operation in each bank alternately between the at least two memory blocks.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2004-0072107, filed on Sep. 9, 2004, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference. 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to a semiconductor memory device, and more particularly, to an address coding method for reducing sensing noise during refresh and to an address decoder for performing the same. 
   2. Description of Related Art 
   In dynamic random access memory devices (DRAMs), periodic memory cell data refresh is important. If a refresh operation is not performed periodically, charge leakage from memory cells can result in data loss. 
   As the capacity of DRAM increases, a time needed for refreshing increases. Accordingly, effects of increased refresh time on the performance of a DRAM system should be considered. Since the refresh operation of a DRAM is generally controlled by a memory controller, and the like, a time consumed by the memory controller for requesting a refresh operation increases, and may exceed a time allocated to a normal operation. 
   In high-capacity DRAM, “multi-bank” and “pre-fetch” architectures have been introduced for performing refresh operations. In a multi-bank system, it is possible to significantly reduce an access time through an interleave operation for partially overlapping a plurality of banks, each with a different row address. 
   Due to the increase in the operation speed of the DRAM, a difference between a data transmission speed on internal data paths and a data transmission speed between the DRAM and interfaces becomes greater. For example, for a DRAM operating at 1.6 Gbps, the data transfer rate is 1.6 Gbps at the external interface of DRAM. The external interface of DRAM performs data transfer operation without missing the data. Since the internal data paths perform complicated operations such as various calculations, amplification, and coding, the internal data paths cannot operate at a high speed such as 1.6 Gbps (or 1.6 GHz). For this reason, a pre-fetch method for processing data in parallel enables a reduced internal operation speed of the DRAM to be used. For example, the pre-fetch method processes 8 pieces of data in parallel, and serially arranges and outputs the processed data. Accordingly, the DRAM can internally operate at 200 MHz while an external interface thereof operates at 1.6 GHz. 
   In DRAMs, having a number of banks and a number of the pre-fetches, a bank is shared by a plurality of memory blocks. Here, each bank has its unique row control block and each memory block has its unique data path.  FIG. 1  is a view for explaining a memory device  100  having memory blocks with a conventional multi-bank structure. Referring to  FIG. 1 , bank groups BANK 0 –BANK 3  and BANK 4 –BANK 7  are shared by upper and lower memory blocks  110 – 120  and  130 – 140 , respectively. In detail, first through fourth banks BANK 0 –BANK 3  are shared by first and second memory blocks  110  and  120 , and fifth through eighth banks BANK 4 –BANK 7  are shared by third and fourth memory blocks  130  and  140 . 
   Assume that a most significant bit (MSB) of a row address signal for allocating each of the banks BANK 0 –BANK 7  to one of the upper and lower memory blocks  110 – 120  and  130 – 140 , is RA 12 , as shown in  FIG. 2 , ones of banks BANK 0 –BANK 7  to be shared by the upper first and third memory blocks  110  and  130  are addressed by a row address signal with an MSB of RA 12  (“12”) and the others of the banks BANK 0 –BANK 7  to be shared by the lower second and fourth memory blocks  120  and  140  are addressed by a row address signal with an MSB of  RA 12    (“  12 ”). Since each of the banks BANK 0 –BANK 7  is activated by a different row address signal, only one bank is activated during a normal operation, such as a read or write operation. However, during the refresh operation of the memory device  100 , to reduce a time consumed for the refresh operation, all banks are activated to refresh memory cell data. Accordingly, as shown in  FIG. 3 , all of the banks BANK 0 –BANK 7  shared by the upper first and third memory blocks  110  and  130  are activated to enable predetermined word lines  300  through  307 . However, this method increases sensing noise since power consumption becomes non-uniform during the refresh operation. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an address coding method, which is performed by a memory device including a plurality of banks each being shared by at least two memory blocks, comprises activating adjacent banks shared by different ones of the at least two memory blocks during a refresh operation of the memory device and enabling the refresh operation in each bank alternately between the at least two memory blocks. The method comprises activating adjacent banks shared by one of the at least two memory blocks during a normal operation of the memory device, and enabling the another operation in each bank to one of the at least two memory blocks. 
   The method comprises receiving an internal signal for enabling the refresh operation at a first plurality of multiplex units, and outputting the internal signal to a first plurality of bank decoders. The method comprises inverting the internal signal, outputting an inverted internal signal to a second plurality of multiplex units, outputting the inverted internal signal to a second plurality of bank decoders, each bank decoder corresponding to one of the adjacent banks; receiving a row address signal at each bank decoder, and activating a word line of each bank alternately between the at least two memory blocks, wherein a first bank of a first block receives the internal signal and a second bank of the first block adjacent to the first bank receives the inverted internal signal. 
   According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, a memory device including a plurality of banks each being shared by ones of upper memory blocks and lower memory blocks, comprises coding address signals of adjacent banks for alternately activating the adjacent banks of the upper memory blocks or the lower memory blocks alternately, during a refresh operation of the memory device; and coding address signals of adjacent banks for activating the adjacent banks of one of the upper memory blocks and the lower memory blocks, during another operation of the memory device. 
   The memory device further comprises a plurality of bank decoders, each bank decoder coupled to a corresponding bank, the plurality of bank decoders outputting the coding address signals, each coding address signal specifying a word line and a row address of each bank. 
   A bank shared between an upper memory block and a lower memory block is activated in one of the upper memory block and the lower memory block in response to the coding address signals and deactivated in the one of the upper memory block and the lower memory block in response to the coding address signals. 
   The coding address signal is output by a decoder in response to an internal signal output by a multiplex unit and a row address signal. 
   According to still another embodiment of the present disclosure, an address decoder of a memory device having a structure in which a plurality of banks are shared by upper and lower memory blocks, comprises multiplex (MUX) units selecting one of an internal address signal and an external address signal for allocating each of the plurality of banks to one of the upper and lower memory blocks, in response to a refresh signal; and bank decoders, each connected to each of the plurality of banks, receiving the internal address signal or the external address signal output from the MUX units with row address signals input to the memory device, decoding the received signals, and activating word lines in corresponding banks, wherein during a refresh operation of the memory device, the MUX units provide the internal address signal and an inverted signal of the internal address signal alternately to the bank decoders. 
   The address decoder further comprises an inverter receiving the internal address signal and outputting the inverted signal of the internal address signal. The inverter is coupled to a subset of the plurality of multiplex units providing the inverted signal of the internal address signal. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The above and other features of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a view for explaining a memory device having memory blocks with a conventional multi-bank structure; 
       FIG. 2  is a view for explaining a conventional row address coding method used by the memory device of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3  is a view for explaining banks activated during a refresh operation in the memory device of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b  are views for explaining a memory device using a row address coding method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
       FIG. 5  is a view for explaining banks activated during a refresh operation in the memory device of  FIG. 4 ; and 
       FIG. 6  is a block diagram of a row decoder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the appended drawings. Like reference numbers refer to like components throughout the drawings. 
     FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b  are views for explaining a memory device using a row address coding method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.  FIG. 4   a  is a view for explaining the row address coding method during an operation, such as a read or write operation and  FIG. 4   b  is a view for explaining the row address coding method during a refresh operation. 
   Referring to  FIG. 4   a , as described above, an MSB of a row address signal for allocating portions of each of bank BANK 0 –BANK 7  to one of upper and lower memory blocks  410 – 420  and  430 – 440 , is RA 12 . Portions of banks BANK 0 –BANK 7 , within the upper first and third memory blocks  410  and  430 , are addressed by a row address signal with an MSB of RA 12  (“12”) and the portions banks BANK 0 –BANK 7  within the lower second and fourth memory blocks  420  and  440  are addressed by a row address signal with an MSB of  RA 12    (“  12 ”). Accordingly, first through fourth banks BANK 0 –BANK 3  shared by the first memory block  410  receive or transmit memory cell data through a first data path  412  in response to the row address signal with the MSB of RA 12  during the normal operation. First through fourth banks BANK 0 –BANK  3  shared by the second memory block  420  receive or transmit memory cell data through a second data path  422  in response to the row address signal with the MSB of  RA 12   . 
     FIG. 4   b  is a view for explaining a row address coding method during a refresh operation. Referring to  FIG. 4   b , the neighboring banks BANK 0 –BANK 3  shared by the first memory block  410  are alternately addressed in an order of RA 12 -  RA 12   -RA 12 -  RA 12   , and the neighboring banks BANK 0 –BANK 3  shared by the second memory block  420  are alternately addressed in an order of  RA 12   -RA 12 -  RA 12   -RA 12 . Likewise, the neighboring banks BANK 4 –BANK 7  shared by the third memory block  430  are alternately addressed in an order of RA 12 -  RA 12   -RA 12 -  RA 12   , and the neighboring banks BANK 4 –BANK 7  shared by the fourth memory block  440  are alternately addressed in an order of  RA 12   -RA 12 -  RA 12   -RA 12 . 
   During the refresh operation of the memory device  400 , the banks BANK 0 –BANK 3  and BANK 4 –BANK  7 , which are activated in response of a row address signal RA 12 , as shown in  FIG. 5 , are uniformly distributed to the upper first and third memory blocks  410  and  430  and the lower second and fourth memory blocks  420  and  440 . The banks BANK 0 –BANK 3  and BANK 4 –BANK  7 , which are activated in response of a row address signal  RA 12    are uniformly distributed to the upper first and third memory blocks  410  and  430  and the lower second and fourth memory blocks  420  and  440 , e.g., at second memory block  420 , BANK 0 . Therefore, although all of the banks BANK 0 –BANK 7  are activated during the refresh operation, only predetermined word lines  500  through  507  in the banks BANK 0 –BANK 7  shared by the upper first and third memory blocks  410  and  430  and in the banks BANK 0 –BANK 7  shared by the lower second and fourth memory blocks  420  and  440  are enabled to refresh memory cell data. Accordingly, it is possible to maintain uniform power consumption in the memory device  400  during the refresh operation, thereby reducing the sensing noise. 
     FIG. 6  is a block diagram of a row decoder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, implementing the row address coding method described above with reference to  FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b . Referring to  FIG. 6 , the row decoder includes first through eighth bank decoders  600  through  607 , first through eighth MUX units  610  through  617 , and an inverter  620 . Each of the first through eighth bank decoders  600  through  607  output coding address signals for activating a word line of a corresponding bank, in response to a row address signal RAi (i=0, 1, . . . , 11) and an output of the first through eighth MUX units  610  through  617 . Each of the first through eighth MUX units  610  through  617  selects an external signal RA 12  or one of internal signals Int_ 12  and Int_    12    in response to a refresh signal REF, and transfers the selected signal to the first through eighth bank decoders  600  through  607 . If the inverter  620  receives the internal signal Int_ 12 , the inverter  620  outputs an internal signal Int_    12   . 
   If the refresh signal REF is not activated, the first through eighth MUX units  610  through  617  transfer the external signal RA 12  to the first through eighth bank decoders  600  through  607 . The first through eighth bank decoders  600  through  607  receive row address signals RAi (i=0, 1, . . . , 11) and the external signal RA 12 , decode the received signals, and output a coding address signal for activating word lines W/L of corresponding banks so that the normal operation is performed. Accordingly, during the normal operation, the row address coding as shown in  FIG. 4   a  is implemented. 
   If the refresh signal REF is activated, the first through eighth MUX units  610  through  617  transfer the internal signals Int_ 12  and Int_    12    to the first through eighth bank decoders  600  through  607 , wherein the internal signal Int_ 12  is transferred to the first, third, fifth, and seventh bank decoders  600 ,  602 ,  604 , and  606  and the internal signal Int_    12    is transferred to the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth bank decoders  601 ,  603 ,  605 , and  607 . The first, third, fifth, and seventh bank decoders  600 ,  602 ,  604 , and  606  activate word lines W/L of corresponding banks in response to the internal signal Int_ 12  and the row address signals RAi (i=0, 1, . . . , 11). The second, fourth, sixth, and eighth bank decoders  601 ,  603 ,  605 , and  607  activate word lines W/L of corresponding banks in response to the internal signal Int_    12    and the row address signals RAi (i=0, 1, . . . , 11). Accordingly, during the refresh operation, the row address coding as shown in  FIG. 4   b  is implemented. 
   While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims.