Abstract:
The invention involves a tread system for shoes More specifically, the present invention is a tread combination that is particularly suited to work environments where the workers are required to use a walking gait upon slick floor surfaces, some of which may be partially covered with liquids. The system includes an outsole having a heel strike tread having a pointed leading edge with sipes for squeegeeing and channeling liquid away from the center portion of the tread to prevent forward slippage. The mid and forefoot portions of the outsole are provided with cross siped treads which reduce or prevent sideways slippage of the forefoot.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    In accordance with 37 C.F.R. 1.76, a claim of priority is included in an Application Data Sheet filed concurrently herewith. Accordingly, the present invention claims priority as a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/080,123, filed Nov. 14, 2013, entitled “OUTSOLE TREAD PATTERN”. The present invention also claims priority as a continuation-in-part of U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/465,931, filed Sep. 3, 2013, entitled “FOOTWEAR TREAD”, which is now U.S. Design Pat. No. D728,913, issued May 12, 2015, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention generally relates to shoes and, more particularly, to shoes constructed for work environments having water or grease covered flooring. 
       BACKGROUND INFORMATION 
       [0003]    A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot while doing various activities. The designs of shoes have varied greatly through time and culture, with appearance originally being tied to function. Shoes have traditionally been made from leather, wood or canvas, but are more increasingly being made from rubber, plastics and other petrochemical derived materials. Work environments provide the most difficult area for shoe design. Shoes must be worn for long periods of time and must perform on a daily basis in difficult environments. Traction or grip to a ground surface is beneficial for a work shoe or boot to provide for worker safety. Workers often perform their duties on greasy, wet or damp surfaces. For example, many industries or companies utilize floors which are covered by materials which resist the penetration of fluids or other substances. These materials are utilized so that any substances inadvertently spilled on the floor can be quickly and completely removed from the floor. One of the drawbacks to these types of floor coverings is that, whenever water or other fluids are spilled on these floors, they become very slippery. Examples of this are the floor coverings utilized in restaurants, hotels, hospitals and other institutions. Outdoor workers often encounter snow or ice covered surfaces during the course of their regular work day. Even employees that commute to the work place encounter ice covered sidewalks and wet floors just getting to the workplace. Thus, what is needed is a shoe outsole that can be utilized with a wide variety of shoe types which will provide protection from slip and falls whenever wet, icy or grease covered floors are encountered. 
         [0004]    In the quest to provide and maintain adequate traction, numerous efforts have been made to enhance the coefficient friction between a shoe sole and a surface on which the shoe is used. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,555,161, a sport shoe sole is described that possesses a high coefficient of friction along certain portions of the sole, while other portions of the sole are formed of a compressible and resilient material that is harder than the material of the rest of the sole. 
         [0005]    Efforts have also been made to coordinate the design of the sole with the anatomic variations of the foot. Thus, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,101,604, a sole is described as having a natural grip corresponding to the ergonomic gripping or traction pattern based on the natural foot print of the toot. The sole design, therefore, is provided with major and minor projections that correspond to the various high or low points of the human foot, presumably corresponding to the points of maximum pressure or compression. However, the sole is formed of an elastic deformable material commonly used for athletic shoes, including rubber, PVC and any suitable synthetic elastic substance. The sole is also described as having a base and projections, recesses and ridges, as well as possibly including two or more layers in forming the various contours in a sole. Enhanced gripping is based. primarily on the configurations of the various projections, ridges, etc. 
         [0006]    Many different shoe soles have been proposed to prevent an individual from slipping. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,717,943, the sole of a boot or overshoe is made from rubber and includes fins and grooves. The fins cooperate with the grooves to trap air within the grooves. The air facilitates the self-cleaning feature of the boots, which removes mud and other substances from the soles of the boots. 
         [0007]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,202,116 discloses a tread for a sport shoe which includes a sole having projections extending outwardly from a tread surface. The tread includes a one-piece, thin walled, metal part with at least two separate, dimensionally reinforced surface sections hearing the integrally molded projections. The reinforced surface includes a plurality of embossed, smooth-surfaced and beveled projections. The metal part is fixedly secured to an inner surface of the shoe sole by either a thin wire grid embedded in the synthetic resin sole or uniformly distributed perforations. 
         [0008]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,274,211 discloses a shoe sole made of flexible rubber material with a non-slip profile. The sole includes a plurality of various sized projections or layered elements. The elements include surfaces which are made from materials that are slip resistant. in addition to being slip resistant, the structure and spacing of the projections prevent the accumulation of mud and other debris on the soles of the 
         [0009]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,047,672 discloses a shoe sole which is designed to be used on a sand surface. The sole is made from a compressed material having an upper surface and a lower surface. A peripheral lip projects downwardly from the lower surface of the sole. A plurality of fins also project downwardly from the lower surface. This type of construction enables efficient propulsion in sandy environments. 
         [0010]    U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2009/0188132 discloses a slip resistant shoe sole which includes a plurality of ground contacting projections. The ground contacting projections are V-shaped and are spaced from one another by a predetermined distance in a longitudinal direction of the sole of the shoe. The V-shaped projections also include reinforcements at their base. The projections are made from an elastomeric polymer with a specific JIS-A hardness. This material increases the shoe&#39;s ability to resist slipping, and the shape of the projections increases their resistance to avoid bending and deformation. 
         [0011]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,703,221 discloses a sole assembly for a shoe which includes a flexible base having an underside surface which includes a forward region, a rearward region, and an intermediate region therebetween. The sole includes a plurality of individual sole elements on the underside thereof. Each element includes a body portion and a connecting section which is operatively secured to the underside surface of the flexible base. The sole elements are arranged on the underside surface of the flexible base, such that adjacent sole elements have overlapping sections. 
         [0012]    One drawback to the prior art relates to the failure to recognize that different portions of the human gait require different treads along the various portions of the outsole to reduce the possibility of slipping and falling as a result of debris on a walking surface. This is particularly true with the walking gait were one foot stays in contact with the ground at all times. One variable in gait, that often results in slippage and fall, is foot strike, e.g. how the foot contacts the ground; more specifically, which part of the foot contacts the ground first. While foot strike varies based upon the gait and whether or not the person is wearing shoes, a heel strike is the most common form of foot strike in walking. During a heel strike, only one third or less of the shoe tread is in contact with the ground surface. In addition, the direction and type of force directed at the interphase between the shoe tread and the ground is substantially different than when the mid or forefoot port ions of the shoe tread are contact with the ground surface. The forward motion of the leg and foot are stopped. when the tread contacts the ground surface, while weight and motion of the body is transferred to this small contact area. Thus, forward momentum tends to cause the shoe to slip forward, causing the person to lose balance in a vulnerable position. As the gait continues, the weight is shifted to the middle and then the front of the shoe and tread. During this portion of the stride, the forces between the shoe tread and the ground tend to be side forces, which allow the shoe to slip out from under the person. The prior art has been deficient in constructing a shoe that is particularly suited for walking on slick surfaces that have a fluid covering. 
         [0013]    Thus, the present invention provides a shoe tread combination which overcomes the disadvantages of prior art shoe tread systems. The shoe tread system of the present invention provides shoe treads in an arrangement that benefits walkers on slick surfaces, particularly those that may have liquid on the surface. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0014]    Briefly, the invention involves a tread system for shoes. More specifically, the present invention is a tread combination that is particularly suited to work environments where the workers are required to use a walking gait upon slick floor surfaces, some of which may be partially covered with liquids. The material from which the projections are formed increases the shoe sole&#39;s ability to resist slipping on floor surfaces which are covered with oil, water, soap, ice, snow, etc. The shape and pattern of the projections or lugs enable them to control flexing and engagement to the floor surface. This increases the footwear sole&#39;s ability to resist slipping. In particular, the outsole is provided with one type of tread. that is specifically designed to function similar to a squeegee to channel liquids away from the tread so that the rubber compound may adhere to the floor surface to prevent forward slippage, while another tread design functions to cover the mid and forefoot portions of the outsole and are provided with cross siped treads which reduce or prevent sideways slippage of the forefoot. 
         [0015]    Accordingly, it is an objective of the present invention to provide a slip-resistant tread combination for shoe out soles. 
         [0016]    It is a further objective of the present invention to provide a shoe outsole having a heel strike tread that differs in structure and function from the mid and forefoot portion of the outsole. 
         [0017]    It is yet a further objective of the present invention to provide a tread combination that includes a heel strike tread having a pointed front end and sipes for channeling liquid away from the contact surface of the tread. 
         [0018]    It is another objective of the present invention to provide a forefoot tread that includes cross siped treads which channel liquid and provide side directional traction to the shoe out sole. 
         [0019]    It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide siped treads for a shoe, wherein the siping allows the polymeric material of the tread to function with the surface as a softer durometer material than it actually is by flexing along the sipes. 
         [0020]    Other objectives and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention. The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0021]      FIG. 1  is a bottom perspective view of one embodiment of the instant invention; 
           [0022]      FIG. 2  is a bottom view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  illustrating the treads of the heel area and the forefoot area; 
           [0023]      FIG. 3  is a top view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0024]      FIG. 4  is a left side view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0025]      FIG. 5  is a right side view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0026]      FIG. 6  is a front view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0027]      FIG. 7  is a rear view of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0028]      FIG. 8  is a side view illustrating the heel strike of a walking gait; 
           [0029]      FIG. 9  is a perspective view of the heel tread of the present combination; and 
           [0030]      FIG. 10  is a perspective view of the forefoot tread of the present combination. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0031]    While the present invention. Is susceptible of embodiment in various forms, there is shown in the drawings and will hereinafter be described a presently preferred embodiment with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated. 
         [0032]    Referring generally to  FIGS. 1-10 , a combination tread pattern  100  for outsoles  10  of non-slip shoes is illustrated. The outsole is provided with two distinct tread member constructions. The combination tread pattern  100  includes a first tread member  12  positioned on the heel area  14  of the shoe outsole  10 . The first tread member  12  has a first base portion  16  extending outwardly from a bottom surface  18  of the outsole  10 . A plurality of grouser bars  20  are integrally formed to the lowermost surface  22  of the first base portion  16  of the first tread. member  12 . The grouser bars  20  are positioned to be substantially parallel and separated from each other by first siping grooves  24 . In a most preferred embodiment, the first tread member includes at least two, and more preferably three or four, grouser bars  20 , each separated by a siping groove  24 . The first siping grooves are oriented to extend orthogonally with respect to a longitudinal axis of the outsole. In this manner, the first working surface  26 , e.g. the surface of the first tread that contacts the ground surface, is prevented from hydroplaning during heel strike of the shoe. The first working surface is preferably planar in shape and oriented so that, once the first working surface contacts the ground surface, the siping grooves  24  allow the grouser bars  20  to flex with respect to the base portion, conforming to the ground surface, providing superior grip, and preventing heel strike slippage. The leading edges of the grouser bars include a sharp V-shaped corner to act as a squeegee, separating the liquid and forcing it into the siping grooves  24  and channeling the liquid to the sides of the first tread member  12 . The first tread members  12  are square or rectangle in shape when viewed from every side, including the bottom of the outsole  10 . A point  28  of the first tread member is oriented toward the front portion of the outsole  10 , whereby liquids can be easily routed around the first tread member  12 , particularly fluid that has been routed away from the first working surface  26 ; while a rear point  30  is positioned toward. the heel area  14  or rear portion of the outsole  10 . In at least one embodiment, the front point  28  and rear point are aligned and parallel with the longitudinal axis of the outsole. In a most preferred embodiment, the heel strike area  32  ( FIG. 8 ) is about one third to one half of the rear portion of the heel area  14  of the outsole  10 . The first tread members  12  are separated by channels  34  that extend to the bottom surface  18  of the outsole  10 ; the channels being about one eighth of an inch in width, while the first treads are about one eighth of an inch tall. The siping is preferably one sixty-fourth of an inch wide and about half the height of the first and said second. treads in depth. In a most preferred embodiment, the first tread member is constructed from the same material as the outsole for ease of manufacturing. 
         [0033]    Still referring to  FIGS. 1-10 , a second tread member  40  is positioned in a forefoot portion  42  of said shoe outsole  10 , the second tread member  40  having a second base portion  44  integrally formed to said shoe outsole  10 . The second base portion  44  includes a plurality of cleat members  46  integrally formed thereto; the cleat members  46  being separated by second siping grooves  48  and having a planar contact surface  56 . The second siping grooves  48  form a cross pattern when viewed from the bottom of the outsole  10 . In a preferred embodiment, each second tread member  40  includes four substantially equally sized cleats  46  separated by the siping grooves  48 . The second tread members  40  are preferably square or rectangle in shape when viewed from any side, as well as the bottom of the outsole  10 , front point  50  of the second tread member  40  is oriented toward the front portion  52  of the outsole  10 , whereby liquids can be easily routed to the sides of the second tread member  40 . A rear point  54  is positioned toward the heel area  14  or rear portion of the outsole  10 . In at least one embodiment, the front point  50  and the rear point  54  are aligned and parallel with the longitudinal axis of the outsole. In a most preferred embodiment, the second tread members  40  are positioned across the forefoot portion of the outsole  10 , and may be positioned on a portion of the heel so that the angled siping allows the cleat members  46  to provide maximum traction with respect to forefoot siding, which tends to cause the shoe to slide sideways and forward simultaneously. The second tread members  40  are separated by channels  34  that extend to the bottom surface  18  of the outsole  10 , the channels being about one sixteenth to one half of an inch in width, while the second treads are about one eighth of an inch tall. The siping is preferably one sixty-fourth of an inch wide and about half the height of the second treads in depth. In a most preferred embodiment, the second tread member  40  is constructed from the same material as the outsole for ease of manufacturing. 
         [0034]    The outsole utilizes a polymeric rubber compound that allows the ground contact surface of the outsole to conform, at least partially, to small ground surface imperfections which causes the rubber compound of the outsole to adhere to the surface. Thus, the teachings of the present outsole utilize both the ability to penetrate softer and gelatinous surface coverings, while the outsole is constructed from a slip resistant polymeric material having a durometer reading which conforms to surface imperfections for adherence to the working surface in a preferred embodiment, the present tread members are made from a unique slip resistant polymeric material. The slip resistant material has a hardness of about 0.49 Shore, based on tests performed on a Durometer Hardness Tester. The material also has a slip resistance rating of 0.56-0.65 when tested on a Brungraber Mark 2 Articulated Strut Slip Testing Device. A slip resistant surface is defined as a surface having a rating of 0.50 or higher when tested on the Brunaraber Mark 2 Articulated Strut. Slip Testing Device. This provides a unique combination for workers such as those in the restaurant industry who may be required to work in the kitchen area as well as make frequent trips outdoors. 
         [0035]    Thus, a shoe outsole having a specific tread for heel strike and a secondary tread for forefoot traction on wet or greasy floor surfaces is illustrated. The shoe may be of any type that needs to exhibit extremely high traction with respect to tile or other flooring, and may be provided with hardened or steel toe areas in the shoe for work environments. 
         [0036]    All patents and publications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which. the invention pertains. Al patents and publications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. 
         [0037]    It is to be understood that while a certain form of the invention is illustrated, it is not to be limited to the specific form or arrangement of parts herein described and shown. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention is not to be considered limited to what is shown and described in the specification. 
         [0038]    One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. Any compounds, methods, procedures and techniques described herein are presently representative of the preferred embodiments, are intended to be exemplary and are not intended as limitations on the scope. Changes therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention and are defined by the scope of the appended claims. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.