Abstract:
An Improved Infrared Signal Communication System and Method Including Transmission Means Having Automatic Gain Control is disclosed. Also disclosed is system and method that adjusts signal transmission power in response to incident signal power amplitude. The preferred system includes a control signal loop within the signal receiving system, and the system further includes a signal transmitting system that is responsive to the control signal loop. The preferred system includes manual, semi-automatic and automatic modes of operation. Still further, the preferred method includes at least two Ir-enabled appliances “stepping” each other “down” in transmit power in response to directives issued by the other Ir-enabled appliance.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    This invention relates generally to infrared communications systems and, more specifically, to an Improved Infrared Signal Communication System and Method Including Transmission Means Having Automatic Gain Control.  
           [0003]    2. Description of Related Art  
           [0004]    As technology becomes continually more accessible to the “common man,” the ability to use, store, transfer and otherwise manipulate information has become the focus of most businesses as well as for the individual consumer. Access to the information resources is commonly by some sort of network system, including World Wide Web, “Intranets”, local area networks, wide area networks, as well as corporate databases.  
           [0005]    While the conventional method for connecting to one of these information networks has been via cable and wire, as the reliance upon connectivity to information has deepened, the desire to gain such access from mobile or portable devices has strengthened. These portable devices, such as Personal Digital Assistants, hand-held computers, cellular telephones, and even digital cameras are now being connected to each other and to networks via Infrared Data Communications. In fact, it is virtually impossible to purchase a notebook computer today that does not include an Infrared Data Communications assembly resident within it.  
           [0006]    One drawback of these portable devices or appliances is their inherent dependency upon portable power sources (i.e. batteries of some sort). As functionality is added to the device, so is demand upon the portable power source, therefore any way of reducing the demand upon the portable power source is extremely desirable. One particular system that can place a significant demand upon the portable power source is the Ir transmission subsystem—FIGS.  1 A- 1 C provide pertinent details about this subsystem. FIGS. 1A, 1B and  1 C depict Infrared communications between a pair of conventional Ir-enabled appliances. As shown in FIG. 1A, a first Ir-capable appliance  10  is in Ir-communication with a second Ir-capable appliance  12 . Of crucial importance to reliable Ir communications is the requirement that the Ir signal transmissions  14  be strong enough to cross the separation distance  16  between the two appliances  10  and  12  (in addition to any other interference&#39;s with transmission and receipt).  
           [0007]    [0007]FIG. 1B depicts one-half of the communications loop depicted by FIG. 1A—in FIG. 1B, the first appliance  10  is the transmitting appliance  11 , and the second appliance  12  is the receiving appliance  13 . Under the current IrDA (Infrared Data Association) standards, all Ir signal transmissions  14  must be adequate to cross a separation distance  16  of 1 (one) meter. In order to achieve this range consistently, devices have been designed with a constant, default transmit power setting (P TX0 ) that will insure that the receiving appliance  13  receives a certain minimum receive power (P RCVMIN ) As mentioned earlier, P TX0  is of a constant, fixed magnitude that will result in a received power equal to P RCVMIN  when the separation distance  16  is 1 (one) meter.  
           [0008]    While this system design does insure reliable Ir communications at the separation distance  16  specified by the IrDA, it is also very wasteful. Under common usage conditions, once a communications loop has been initialized, the transmitting appliance  11  and receiving appliance  13  are usually placed much closer to one another than one meter for the actual data transfer process. As depicted by FIG. 1C, where the separation distance  16  is 0.5 meter, the Ir transmissions “overshoot” the receiving appliance  13 —this is a critical problem for a device class (i.e. portable electronic devices) where power efficiency is of primary importance.  
           [0009]    [0009]FIG. 2 captures the magnitude of the inefficiency of the prior systems. FIG. 2 is a graph illuminating the effect of Ir transmit range on transmit power requirements. It should be understood that there is an inverse square relationship between the transmit distance and the power required to make such a transmission. Consequently, where all transmissions are made at the default power P TX0 , there is significant waste. For example, if P TX0  is assumed to be 500 mA (i.e. to reach a distance of one meter), then only approximately 25 mA would be required to reliably reach one-half that distance (i.e. 0.5 meter)—this means that the transmissions are 80% overpowered at a 0.5 meter separation distance! What would be beneficial would be an Ir transmission system that adjusts its transmit range (and its P TX ) to the minimum level for reliable communications (P TXMIN ) “on the fly”, so that such power waste is minimized.  
           [0010]    [0010]FIG. 3 gives additional enlightenment regarding this problem; it is a graph illuminating the effect of transmission distance  16  on received signal strength. It can be seen that at one meter, the magnitude of the received power P RCV  is at a level sufficient to support reliable communications P RCVMIN  The problem is that as the separation distance goes to zero, the received power P RCV  goes up until it virtually equals the default transmit power P TX0 . In this example, at close distances the receiver signal overpower  20  (i.e. the difference between P TX  and P RCVMIN ) is relatively large compared to P RCVMIN  (the amplitude which would provide completely reliable communications). What is needed is a system and transmission method that automatically reduces the magnitude of the receiver signal overpower  20  to minimum levels.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0011]    In light of the aforementioned problems associated with the prior devices and methods, it is an object of the present invention to provide an Improved Infrared Signal Communication System and Method Including Transmission Means Having Automatic Gain Control. The preferred system and method should adjust signal transmission power in response to incident signal power amplitude. It is an object that the preferred system include a control signal loop within the signal receiving system, and that the signal transmitting system is responsive to this control signal loop. It is a further object that the system include manual, semi-automatic and automatic modes of operation. It is yet another object that the preferred method include at least two Ir-enabled appliances “stepping” each other “down” in transmit power in response to directives issued by the other Ir-enabled appliance.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0012]    The objects and features of the present invention, which are believed to be novel, are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, of which:  
         [0013]    [0013]FIGS. 1A, 1B and  1 C depict Infrared communications between a pair of conventional Ir-enabled appliances;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 2 is a graph illuminating the effect of Ir transmit range on transmit power requirements;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 3 is a graph illuminating the effect of transmission distance on received signal strength;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIGS. 4A and 4B are circuit diagrams of preferred Ir receive and Ir transmit subsystems of the present invention;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 5 is a graph depicting an optimum received power for all separation distances;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 6 is a graph depicting the effect and benefits of incorporating Automatic Gain Control on the transmit subsystem to optimize transmitter power demands; and  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 7 depicts a typical sequence of events leading to data transfer between two Ir-enabled appliances having automatically-optimized transmit power systems.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0020]    The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventor of carrying out his invention. Various modifications, however, will remain readily apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present invention have been defined herein specifically to provide an Improved Infrared Signal Communication System and Method Including Transmission Means Having Automatic Gain Control.  
         [0021]    The present invention can best be understood by initial consideration of FIGS. 4A and 4B. FIGS. 4A and 4B are circuit diagrams of preferred Ir receive and Ir transmit subsystems,  22  and  24  (or receive and transmit means), of the present invention. As can be seen, incident Ir signals  26  are detected by an Ir receive diode  28 . The incident signal is amplified by an amplifier  29  so that the signal amplitude will be within some preferred range. The output of the amplifier  29  preferably enters a comparator  30 , which compares the amplified signal to some desired amplitude. The comparator  30  sends a control signal back to the amplifier  29  via the Automatic Gain Control loop (AGC loop) to increase or decrease signal amplification exiting the amplifier  29 . From the comparator  30 , the received signal preferably enters the receive driver  32 , where the signal is conditioned and sent on for translation and/or other use within the appliance. It is pointed out that conventional Ir receive subsystems already include an AGC feature to adjust the amplifier in response to changes in received signal power P RCV . Conventionally, this AGC has been included in the Ir receive subsystem to prevent damage to the internal circuits of the electronic device due to excessively high PRCV&#39;s.  
         [0022]    Now turning to FIG. 4B, we might understand the unique functionality of the present invention; it is a schematic diagram of a preferred design for an Ir transmit subsystem  24  of the present invention. Data entering the subsystem  24  for Ir transmission typically enters a mode and power controller  34  wherein the signal/data is formatted for effective transmission. The signal then enters a transmit driver  36 , which amplifies the signal for transmission by the Ir transmit diode  38 . The unique feature of the present invention is the AGC signal cross-connect  40 . Essentially, the AGC signal cross-connect  40  provides the transmit driver  36  with the same feedback signal created and used by the Ir receive subsystem  22 . When the other electronic appliance (see FIGS.  1 A- 1 C) is in close proximity to the appliance in which the subsystems of FIGS. 4A and 4B reside, the AGC signal will indicate that the amplitude of the incident Ir signals  26  is large. Subsequently, the AGC signal will direct the transmit driver  36  to reduce its power setting so that the amplitude of the transmitted Ir signals  42  is optimized.  
         [0023]    It should be appreciated that the depicted circuit designs are simply functional examples of acceptable circuits; other components and circuit designs might be used, depending upon the particular application. What is unique is the automatic and/or manual amplitude control of the transmitted Ir signals.  
         [0024]    The benefits of the improved circuit are best described by FIGS. 5 and 6. FIG. 5 is a graph depicting an optimum received signal power, P RCVOPT , for all separation distances. P RCVOPT  is the “target” power amplitude for the Ir signals incident upon the receiving appliance, this power level being achieved by the system and method described above in connection with FIGS. 4A and 4B. In this example, P RCVOPT  has been established at a level that is somewhat higher than P RCVMIN  in order to account for conditions that may have degraded the actual transmit and receive power efficiencies of the transmitting and receiving devices. No matter what the separation distance  16  between the communicating devices, P RVCOPT  will remain unchanged (at least as unchanged as conditions and system response will permit). Now turning to FIG. 6, we can see the benefit of the reducing the target amplitude of the incident Ir signals. FIG. 6 depicts the new transmit power curve for the device of the present invention that incorporates Automatic Gain Control in the transmit subsystem. As can be seen, the AGC transmit power P TXAGC  ranges from a minimum level of P RVCOPT  where the separation distance  16  is small, to a maximum level of P TX0  where the separation distance  16  approaches one meter. The shaded section indicates the area between the P TXGAGC  and P TX0  curves—this is the zone where power savings exist from implementation of the device and method of the present invention. It should be casually apparent that the savings are significant. As an added benefit, it is pointed out that since the transmission range has been optimized, there will be less “overshoot” by Ir signals—this will act to improve the security of the communications between devices, since it will be much more difficult for an unauthorized participant to “overhear” a “conversation.” 
         [0025]    Finally, we will consider FIG. 7 to understand an example of a preferred “conversation” between two electronic appliances incorporating the automatic gain-controlled transmitter of the present invention. In this example, the transmitting device  11  will be adjusting its transmit power level; in reality, this process (oversimplified for discussion purposes) would be followed by both devices as they establish Ir communications.  
         [0026]    At “discovery”, the receiving device  13  sends  44 : “Hello”, to which the transmitting device  11  replies  46 : “Hello Back to You,” followed by “Are My Transmissions Clear to You?”. In this case, where the separation distance  16  is less than one meter, the transmitting device&#39;s  11  transmit power (initially set to P TX0 ) is higher than necessary. Consequently, the receiving device  13  replies  48 : “Yes, your transmissions are clear, in fact, you can reduce your transmit power by 10%”. [This 10% number is arbitrary; other increments might be more appropriate under other circumstances.] 
         [0027]    In response to this message, the transmitting device  11  adjusts P TX  to 0.9×P TX , and queries  50 : “How&#39;s That.” Should P RCV  at the receiving device  13  still be above P RCVOPT , the receiving device  13  might respond  52 : “That is still good, in fact, you can reduce your transmit power by another 10%.” In response, the transmitting device will probably adjust P TX  to 0.9×P TX , and again query  54 : “How&#39;s That?” If P RCV  is now acceptably close to P RCVOPT , the receiving device  13  will respond  56 : “That&#39;s good, because you are now close to P RCVOPT ,” after which data transfer will commence  56 ,  58 .  
         [0028]    A final point is that the adjustment of P TX  may be multi-modal, including the possibility for automatic, semi-automatic, and even manual adjustment of P TX , depending upon the particular circumstances and environment.  
         [0029]    Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations and modifications of the just-described preferred embodiment can be configured without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described herein.