Abstract:
A method and apparatus for adjusting and offsetting a power level of uplink transmissions from user equipment in a wireless communication system. In an aspect of the disclosure, a handoff from a source base station to a target base station includes the target base station determining a suitable power offset value and communicating this offset to the source base station. The source base station transmits a handover instruction including the offset to the user equipment (UE), and the UE transmits a synchronization code. The target base station then calculates a further power correction and transmits the correction with an acknowledgment of the synchronization code. The UE then sets the power for future transmissions based in part on the offset and correction values.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/260,710, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR POWER CORRECTION IN UL SYNCHRONIZATION OF TD-SCDMA HANDOVER,” filed on Nov. 12, 2009, which is expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field 
     Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to an uplink synchronization procedure and handover signaling in a cellular communication system. 
     2. Background 
     Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, and so on. Such networks, which are usually multiple access networks, support communications for multiple users by sharing the available network resources. One example of such a network is the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). The UTRAN is the radio access network (RAN) defined as a part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a third generation (3G) mobile phone technology supported by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The UMTS, which is the successor to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies, currently supports various air interface standards, such as Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access (TD-CDMA), and Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA). For example, China is pursuing TD-SCDMA as the underlying air interface in the UTRAN architecture with its existing GSM infrastructure as the core network. The UMTS also supports enhanced 3G data communications protocols, such as High Speed Downlink Packet Data (HSDPA), which provides higher data transfer speeds and capacity to associated UMTS networks. 
     As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, research and development continue to advance the UMTS technologies not only to meet the growing demand for mobile broadband access, but to advance and enhance the user experience with mobile communications. 
     SUMMARY 
     Some aspects of the instant disclosure enable user equipment to obtain a closed-loop estimation for the initial transmit power to be used in a handover. Various aspects of the disclosure may improve reliability in handover and reduce power consumption. 
     In an aspect of the disclosure, a method of wireless communication includes receiving an indication from a source Node B to perform a handover to a target Node B, transmitting a synchronization code to the target Node B, and receiving an acknowledgment signal from the target Node B, the acknowledgment signal comprising information associated with adjustment of a transmit power for an uplink data channel after the handover. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, a method of wireless communication includes receiving a synchronization signal from a user equipment (UE) on an uplink pilot channel, determining an adjustment of a transmit power for future transmissions to a target Node B relative to the transmission of the synchronization signal from the UE, and transmitting an acknowledgment message to the UE, the acknowledgment message comprising information associated with the adjustment of the transmit power. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving an indication from a source Node B to perform a handover to a target Node B, means for transmitting a synchronization code to the target Node B, and means for receiving an acknowledgment signal from the target Node B, the acknowledgment signal comprising information associated with adjustment of a transmit power for an uplink data channel after the handover. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive, at a target Node B, a synchronization signal from a UE on an uplink pilot channel corresponding to a handover from a source Node B to the target Node B, to determine an adjustment of a transmit power for future transmissions to a target Node B relative to the transmission of the synchronization signal from the UE, and to transmit an acknowledgment message to the UE, the acknowledgment message comprising information associated with the adjustment of the transmit power. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, a computer program product includes a computer-readable medium having code for receiving an indication from a source Node B to perform a handover to a target Node B, transmitting a synchronization code to the target Node B, and receiving an acknowledgment signal from the target Node B, the acknowledgment signal comprising information associated with adjustment of a transmit power for an uplink data channel after the handover. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication includes at least one processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive an indication from a source Node B to perform a handover to a target Node B, transmit a synchronization code to the target Node B, and receive an acknowledgment signal from the target Node B, the acknowledgment signal comprising information associated with adjustment of a transmit power for an uplink data channel after the handover. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a telecommunications system. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a frame structure in a telecommunications system. 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a Node B in communication with a UE in a telecommunications system. 
         FIG. 4  is call flow diagram conceptually illustrating a procedure according to an aspect of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a flow chart conceptually illustrating a procedure for a UE according to an aspect of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow chart conceptually illustrating a procedure for a network according to an aspect of the disclosure. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The detailed description set forth below, in connection with the appended drawings, is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 1 , a block diagram is shown illustrating an example of a telecommunications system  100 . The various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be implemented across a broad variety of telecommunication systems, network architectures, and communication standards. By way of example and without limitation, the aspects of the present disclosure illustrated in  FIG. 1  are presented with reference to a UMTS system employing a TD-SCDMA standard. In this example, the UMTS system includes a RAN  102  (e.g., UTRAN) that provides various wireless services including telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, and/or other services. The RAN  102  may be divided into a number of Radio Network Subsystems (RNSs) such as an RNS  107 , each controlled by a Radio Network Controller (RNC) such as an RNC  106 . For clarity, only the RNC  106  and the RNS  107  are shown; however, the RAN  102  may include any number of RNCs and RNSs in addition to the RNC  106  and RNS  107 . The RNC  106  is an apparatus responsible for, among other things, assigning, reconfiguring and releasing radio resources within the RNS  107 . The RNC  106  may be interconnected to other RNCs (not shown) in the RAN  102  through various types of interfaces such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, or the like, using any suitable transport network. 
     The geographic region covered by the RNS  107  may be divided into a number of cells, with a radio transceiver apparatus serving each cell. A radio transceiver apparatus is commonly referred to as a Node B in UMTS applications, but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base station (BS), a base transceiver station (BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), an access point (AP), or some other suitable terminology. For clarity, two Node Bs  108  are shown; however, the RNS  107  may include any number of wireless Node Bs. The Node Bs  108  provide wireless access points to a core network  104  for any number of mobile apparatuses. Examples of a mobile apparatus include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a notebook, a netbook, a smartbook, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system (GPS) device, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, or any other similar functioning device. The mobile apparatus is commonly referred to as UE in UMTS applications, but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal (AT), a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a terminal, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. For illustrative purposes, three UEs  110  are shown in communication with the Node Bs  108 . The downlink (DL), also called the forward link, refers to the communication link from a Node B to a UE, and the uplink (UL), also called the reverse link, refers to the communication link from a UE to a Node B. 
     The core network  104 , as shown, includes a GSM core network. However, as those skilled in the art will recognize, the various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be implemented in a RAN, or other suitable access network, to provide UEs with access to types of core networks other than GSM networks. 
     In this example, the core network  104  supports circuit-switched services with a mobile switching center (MSC)  112  and a gateway MSC (GMSC)  114 . One or more RNCs, such as the RNC  106 , may be connected to the MSC  112 . The MSC  112  is an apparatus that controls call setup, call routing, and UE mobility functions. The MSC  112  also includes a visitor location register (VLR) (not shown) that contains subscriber-related information for the duration that a UE is in the coverage area of the MSC  112 . The GMSC  114  provides a gateway through the MSC  112  for the UE to access a circuit-switched network  116 . The GMSC  114  includes a home location register (HLR) (not shown) containing subscriber data, such as the data reflecting the details of the services to which a particular user has subscribed. The HLR is also associated with an authentication center (AuC) that contains subscriber-specific authentication data. When a call is received for a particular UE, the GMSC  114  queries the HLR to determine the UE&#39;s location and forwards the call to the particular MSC serving that location. 
     The core network  104  also supports packet-data services with a serving GPRS support node (SGSN)  118  and a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)  120 . GPRS, which stands for General Packet Radio Service, is designed to provide packet-data services at speeds higher than those available with standard GSM circuit-switched data services. The GGSN  120  provides a connection for the RAN  102  to a packet-based network  122 . The packet-based network  122  may be the Internet, a private data network, or some other suitable packet-based network. The primary function of the GGSN  120  is to provide the UEs  110  with packet-based network connectivity. Data packets are transferred between the GGSN  120  and the UEs  110  through the SGSN  118 , which performs primarily the same functions in the packet-based domain as the MSC  112  performs in the circuit-switched domain. 
     The UMTS air interface is a spread spectrum Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) system. The spread spectrum DS-CDMA spreads user data over a much wider bandwidth through multiplication by a sequence of pseudorandom bits called chips. The TD-SCDMA standard is based on such direct sequence spread spectrum technology and additionally calls for a time division duplexing (TDD), rather than a frequency division duplexing (FDD) as used in many FDD mode UMTS/W-CDMA systems. TDD uses the same carrier frequency for both the UL and DL between a Node B  108  and a UE  110 , but divides uplink and downlink transmissions into different time slots in the carrier. 
       FIG. 2  shows a frame structure  200  for a TD-SCDMA carrier. The TD-SCDMA carrier, as illustrated, has a frame  202  that is 10 ms in length. The frame  202  has two 5 ms subframes  204 , and each of the subframes  204  includes seven time slots, TS 0  through TS 6 . The first time slot, TS 0 , is usually allocated for downlink communication, while the second time slot, TS 1 , is usually allocated for uplink communication. The remaining time slots, TS 2  through TS 6 , may be used for either uplink or downlink, which allows for greater flexibility during times of higher data transmission times in either the uplink or downlink directions. A downlink pilot time slot (DwPTS)  206 , a guard period (GP)  208 , and an uplink pilot time slot (UpPTS)  210  are located between TS 0  and TS 1 . Each time slot, TS 0 -TS 6 , may allow data transmission multiplexed on a maximum of 16 code channels. Data transmission on a code channel includes two data portions  212  separated by a midamble  214  and followed by a guard period GP  216 . The midamble  214  may be used for features, such as channel estimation, while the GP  216  may be used to avoid inter-burst interference. 
       FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a Node B  310  in communication with a UE  350  in a RAN  300 , where the RAN  300  may be the RAN  102  in  FIG. 1 , the Node B  310  may be the Node B  108  in  FIG. 1 , and the UE  350  may be the UE  110  in  FIG. 1 . In the downlink communication, a transmit processor  320  may receive data from a data source  312  and control signals from a controller/processor  340 . The transmit processor  320  provides various signal processing functions for the data and control signals, as well as reference signals (e.g., pilot signals). For example, the transmit processor  320  may provide cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes for error detection, coding and interleaving to facilitate forward error correction (FEC), mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), and the like), spreading with orthogonal variable spreading factors (OVSF), and multiplying with scrambling codes to produce a series of symbols. Channel estimates from a channel processor  344  may be used by a controller/processor  340  to determine the coding, modulation, spreading, and/or scrambling schemes for the transmit processor  320 . These channel estimates may be derived from a reference signal transmitted by the UE  350  or from feedback contained in the midamble  214  ( FIG. 2 ) from the UE  350 . The symbols generated by the transmit processor  320  are provided to a transmit frame processor  330  to create a frame structure. The transmit frame processor  330  creates this frame structure by multiplexing the symbols with a midamble  214  ( FIG. 2 ) from the controller/processor  340 , resulting in a series of frames. The frames are then provided to a transmitter  332 , which provides various signal conditioning functions including amplifying, filtering, and modulating the frames onto a carrier for downlink transmission over the wireless medium through smart antennas  334 . The smart antennas  334  may be implemented with beam steering bidirectional adaptive antenna arrays or other similar beam technologies. 
     At the UE  350 , a receiver  354  receives the downlink transmission through an antenna  352  and processes the transmission to recover the information modulated onto the carrier. The information recovered by the receiver  354  is provided to a receive frame processor  360 , which parses each frame, and provides the midamble  214  ( FIG. 2 ) to a channel processor  394  and the data, control, and reference signals to a receive processor  370 . The receive processor  370  then performs the inverse of the processing performed by the transmit processor  320  in the Node B  310 . More specifically, the receive processor  370  descrambles and despreads the symbols, and then determines the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the Node B  310  based on the modulation scheme. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel processor  394 . The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data, control, and reference signals. The CRC codes are then checked to determine whether the frames were successfully decoded. The data carried by the successfully decoded frames will then be provided to a data sink  372 , which represents applications running in the UE  350  and/or various user interfaces (e.g., display). Control signals carried by successfully decoded frames will be provided to a controller/processor  390 . When frames are unsuccessfully decoded by the receiver processor  370 , the controller/processor  390  may also use an acknowledgement (ACK) and/or negative acknowledgement (NACK) protocol to support retransmission requests for those frames. 
     In the uplink, data from a data source  378  and control signals from the controller/processor  390  are provided to a transmit processor  380 . The data source  378  may represent applications running in the UE  350  and various user interfaces (e.g., keyboard). Similar to the functionality described in connection with the downlink transmission by the Node B  310 , the transmit processor  380  provides various signal processing functions including CRC codes, coding and interleaving to facilitate FEC, mapping to signal constellations, spreading with OVSFs, and scrambling to produce a series of symbols. Channel estimates, derived by the channel processor  394  from a reference signal transmitted by the Node B  310  or from feedback contained in the midamble transmitted by the Node B  310 , may be used to select the appropriate coding, modulation, spreading, and/or scrambling schemes. The symbols produced by the transmit processor  380  will be provided to a transmit frame processor  382  to create a frame structure. The transmit frame processor  382  creates this frame structure by multiplexing the symbols with a midamble  214  ( FIG. 2 ) from the controller/processor  390 , resulting in a series of frames. The frames are then provided to a transmitter  356 , which provides various signal conditioning functions including amplification, filtering, and modulating the frames onto a carrier for uplink transmission over the wireless medium through the antenna  352 . 
     The uplink transmission is processed at the Node B  310  in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE  350 . A receiver  335  receives the uplink transmission through the antenna  334  and processes the transmission to recover the information modulated onto the carrier. The information recovered by the receiver  335  is provided to a receive frame processor  336 , which parses each frame, and provides the midamble  214  ( FIG. 2 ) to the channel processor  344  and the data, control, and reference signals to a receive processor  338 . The receive processor  338  performs the inverse of the processing performed by the transmit processor  380  in the UE  350 . The data and control signals carried by the successfully decoded frames may then be provided to a data sink  339  and the controller/processor, respectively. If some of the frames were unsuccessfully decoded by the receive processor, the controller/processor  340  may also use an ACK and/or NACK protocol to support retransmission requests for those frames. 
     The controller/processors  340  and  390  may be used to direct the operation at the Node B  310  and the UE  350 , respectively. For example, the controller/processors  340  and  390  may provide various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. The computer readable media of memories  342  and  392  may store data and software for the Node B  310  and the UE  350 , respectively. A scheduler/processor  346  at the Node B  310  may be used to allocate resources to the UEs and schedule downlink and/or uplink transmissions for the UEs. 
     Those skilled in the art will recognize that in various TD-SCDMA systems, a handover from a first, “source” Node B o a second, “target” Node B may utilize a hard handover and/or a baton handover procedure. Another notable feature of TD-SCDMA systems, known to those of ordinary skill in the art, is uplink synchronization. That is, in TD-SCDMA systems, different UEs may synchronize with one another on the uplink (UL) such that signals transmitted from different UEs may arrive at the Node B at substantially the same time. The uplink pilot channel (UpPCH, transmitted in the UpPTS  210 , see  FIG. 2 ) may be utilized for this purpose. 
     That is, the UE may transmit an uplink synchronization code (SYNC_UL) to the network on the UpPCH. The Node B that receives the SYNC_UL code may measure its timing and send a timing correction command back to the UE, to request a correction of the timing of future UE transmissions by utilizing an ACK message on the fast physical access channel (FPACH). This procedure may be part of an initial random access procedure, or part of a handover procedure. An example of the FPACH ACK message is illustrated in Table 1. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Field 
                 Length 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Signature Reference Number 
                  3 (MSB) 
                 Indicate SYNC_UL 
               
               
                   
                   
                 code 
               
               
                 Relative Sub-Frame Number 
                  2 
                 Sub-Frame number 
               
               
                   
                   
                 preceding the ACK 
               
               
                 Received starting position of the 
                 11 
                 Used for timing 
               
               
                 UpPCH (UpPCHPOS) 
                   
                 correction 
               
               
                 Transmit Power Level 
                  7 
                 Used for power 
               
               
                 Command for RACH message 
                   
                 level in PRACH 
               
               
                 Reserved bits 
                  9 (LSB) 
                 N/A 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In Table 1, the FPACH ACK message includes an information element (IE) denoted as “transmit power level command for RACH.” This IE may be utilized to indicate a transmit power level to be utilized by the UE on the random access channel (RACH). This information is included in the ACK message for utilization during an initial random access, that is, when the UE is initiating a new connection, such as a call. 
     However, in a handover procedure, the field for the “transmit power level command for RACH” is generally not used, because once the UE receives the FPACH ACK message, the UE may immediately transmit on the dedicated physical channel (DPCH) in the target cell. That is, the UE might not transmit on the physical random access channel (PRACH) at all, so the suggested power level to use on that channel may go unused. 
     The UE may utilize the value of the “uplink pilot channel position” (UpPCHPOS) parameter to determine the initial timing for transmitting in the target cell, and may utilize an open-loop power measurement to estimate the initial UL power used on the UpPCH. The open-loop power estimation may be based on a DL measurement of the primary common control physical channel (P-CCPCH) to predict the UL propagation loss and UL transmit power, with the assumption that the DL and UL propagation losses are the same. Those skilled in the art will comprehend that this may not be very accurate. In addition, the Node B that receives the SYNC_UL code may not know the exact purpose of the code, that is, whether it is for a hard handover or an initial random access procedure. 
     Thus, in an aspect of the instant disclosure, the FPACH ACK message may be modified from the above example to carry information associated with the adjustment of the transmit power. For example, the FPACH ACK message may utilize a portion of the reserved bits in Table 1 to include a power correction IE, containing an adjustment relative to the power of the UpPCH, i.e., the SYNC_UL code. An example of a FPACH ACK message format including this IE is illustrated in Table 2. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Field 
                 Length 
                 Description 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Signature Reference Number 
                  3 (MSB) 
                 Indicate SYNC_UL 
               
               
                   
                   
                 code 
               
               
                 Relative Sub-Frame Number 
                  2 
                 Sub-Frame number 
               
               
                   
                   
                 preceding the ACK 
               
               
                 Received starting position of the 
                 11 
                 Used for timing 
               
               
                 UpPCH (UpPCHPOS) 
                   
                 correction 
               
               
                 Transmit Power Level 
                  7 
                 Used for power 
               
               
                 Command for RACH message 
                   
                 level in PRACH 
               
               
                 C: Transmit Power Correction 
                  6 
                 Used for power 
               
               
                 Command for UpPCH 
                   
                 correction in 
               
               
                   
                   
                 UpPCH (in dB) 
               
               
                 Reserved bits 
                  3 (LSB) 
                 N/A 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In the illustrated example, an IE indicating a power correction utilizes six of the nine reserved bits in the ACK message illustrated in Table 1. Here, the “transmit power correction command for UpPCH” field includes 6 bits, which, in one example, may provide power correction in a range of 2 5 -1 to -2 5  dB in UL transmission. However, one skilled in the art will comprehend that the range represented by the six bits may be different than 2 5 -1 to -2 5 , and also that the Transmit Power Correction Command for UpPCH may include essentially any suitable bit length of greater or less than 6 bits. This power correction may be utilized to compensate for the propagation loss and interference level on UpPCH. 
     The correction command, which will hereafter be denoted as “C” (in dB), may be added to the most recent transmit power P UpPCH  to obtain the next transmit power P′ UpPCH , as illustrated in Equation (1).
 
 P′   UpPCH (dBm)= P   UpPCH (dBm)+ C (dB)  (1)
 
     The power correction information element C in the FPACH ACK message may be utilized during a handover process, or may be utilized in both a handover process and in an initial random access process, e.g., the initiation of a new call by the UE. 
     In another aspect of the disclosure, in addition to the information associated with the adjustment of the transmit power of the UpPCH, the UE may determine a suitable initial transmit power to be utilized for the UL DPCH in the target cell. That is, the DPCH in the target cell may have a power setting that is different from that of the UpPCH in the target cell. 
     To determine a suitable power setting for the UL DPCH, an additional IE denoted “power offset relative to UpPCH” may be included in a message at or near the beginning of the handover process. For example, the PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message, which instructs the UE to perform a handover, may include this power offset IE. Therefore, the UE may initialize its power level in transmitting on the UL DPCH in the target cell according to Equation (2).
 
 P   ULDPCH (dBm)= P   UpPCH (dBm)+ C +Power_Offset_Relative_To_UpPCH(dB)  (2)
 
     To match with a dynamic channel environment, the target Node B may measure an interference level in the time slot of UpPCH (I UpPCH ) and an interference level in the time slot of UL DPCH (I DPCH ) for the UE to handover during a handover preparation procedure. Then, the desired SIR (signal to interference ratio) between these two channels, SIR UpPCH  and SIR DPCH , may be utilized to calculate the power offset, as shown in Equation (3).
 
Power_Offset_Relative_To_UpPCH(dB)=[SIR DPCH (dB)+ I   DPCH (dBm)]−[SIR UpPCH (dB)+ I   UpPCH (dBm)]  (3)
 
     Furthermore, the network may add a suitable margin to the equation (3) to compensate for radio channel fluctuation or measurement error. 
     Assuming the UL propagation losses are substantially the same between UpPCH and DPCH, the equation (2) may provide a very good setting of the initial transmit power utilized in handover. 
     The target Node B may reply to the RNC in preparing the handover with the Power_Offset_Relative_To_UpPCH IE, and the RNC may compose the RRC signaling message being sent to the UE from the source Node B. 
       FIG. 4  is a call flow diagram illustrating a handover process according to an aspect of the instant disclosure. In addition,  FIGS. 5-6  are flow charts illustrating a handover process from the aspect of a UE ( FIG. 5 ) and from the aspect of the network ( FIG. 6 ). In an aspect of the disclosure, the process illustrated in  FIGS. 4-6  may be performed by the UE  110  and RNS  107  illustrated in  FIG. 1 . In a further aspect of the disclosure, the UE  110  may be the UE  350  illustrated in  FIG. 3 , and the Node Bs  108  in the RNS  107  may each be the Node B  310  illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
     That is, in one configuration, the apparatus  350  for wireless communication includes means for transmitting and receiving over various channels with one or more Node Bs; means for calculating and correcting timing information associated with the transmitting and receiving; and means for processing signals received from the one or more Node Bs. In one aspect, the aforementioned means may be the processor(s)  360 ,  370 ,  394 ,  390 ,  382 , and/or  380 , configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means. In another aspect, the aforementioned means may be a module or any apparatus configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means. 
     Returning to  FIGS. 4-6 , according to an aspect of the disclosure, in block  510 , the UE  402  may transmit data on the UL DPCH, and in block  610 , the source Node B  404  (i.e., the Node B from which the handover will occur) may receive the data on the UL DPCH. Here, in block  630 , the target Node B  406  (i.e., the Node B to which the handover will occur) may concurrently receive the data transmitted from the UE  402 , and the target Node B may measure certain properties of the signal on the DPCH such as the signal strength and/or the interference level. Based on certain criteria, in block  620 , the RNC  408  and/or the UE  402  may initiate a handover procedure. 
     In preparation for the handover procedure, based on the measured properties of the signal from the UE on the DPCH, in block  630  the target Node B  406  may determine the value of the information element “Power_Offset_Relative_To_UpPCH,” corresponding to an adjustment of a power level of the signal transmitted by the UE  402  on the UpPCH. In block  640 , the target Node B  406  may send this power offset value to the RNC  408 , which then may send the value to the source Node B  404 . In block  650 , the source Node B  404  includes this power offset information element in the PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message, which, among other things, may concurrently inform the UE  402  that a handover from the source Node B  404  to the target Node B  406  is to take place. In block  520 , the UE  402  receives the PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message instructing it to perform a handover to the target Node B  406 , the message including the offset value. 
     In preparation for the handover to the target Node B  406 , as discussed above, in block  530  the UE  402  may send the SYNC_UL code to the target Node B  406  on the UpPCH. Based on characteristics of the signal from the UE  402 , such as a signal power and/or an interference level, in block  660 , upon receiving the SYNC_UL code, the target Node B  406  may determine the value of the power correction IE “C,” and thereby respond to the UE  402  in block  670  with the FPACH ACK message, including the power correction IE C, as discussed above. 
     In block  540 , the UE may receive the FPACH ACK message from the target Node B  406 , including information about the handover and the power correction IE C. In block  550 , the UE  402  may determine an initial uplink transmission power for communication with the target Node B  406  corresponding to the previous power used for P UpPCH , the Power_Offset_Relative_To_UpPCH information element, and the power correction information element C, as described above in Equation (2). Finally, in block  680 , the target Node B  406  may receive data on the UL DPCH at a corrected power level. 
     Several aspects of a telecommunications system have been presented with reference to a TD-SCDMA system. As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, various aspects described throughout this disclosure may be extended to other telecommunication systems, network architectures and communication standards. By way of example, various aspects may be extended to other UMTS systems such as W-CDMA, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), High Speed Packet Access Plus (HSPA+) and TD-CDMA. Various aspects may also be extended to systems employing Long Term Evolution (LTE) (in FDD, TDD, or both modes), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) (in FDD, TDD, or both modes), CDMA2000, Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth, and/or other suitable systems. The actual telecommunication standard, network architecture, and/or communication standard employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system. 
     Several processors have been described in connection with various apparatuses and methods. These processors may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such processors are implemented as hardware or software will depend upon the particular application and overall design constraints imposed on the system. By way of example, a processor, any portion of a processor, or any combination of processors presented in this disclosure may be implemented with a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a state machine, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable processing components configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. The functionality of a processor, any portion of a processor, or any combination of processors presented in this disclosure may be implemented with software being executed by a microprocessor, microcontroller, DSP, or other suitable platform. 
     Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. The software may reside on a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium may include, by way of example, memory such as a magnetic storage device (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strip), an optical disk (e.g., compact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), a register, or a removable disk. Although memory is shown separate from the processors in the various aspects presented throughout this disclosure, the memory may be internal to the processors (e.g., cache or register). 
     Computer-readable media may be embodied in a computer-program product. By way of example, a computer-program product may include a computer-readable medium in packaging materials. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system. 
     It is to be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed is an illustration of exemplary processes. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods may be rearranged. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless specifically recited therein. 
     The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. A phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a; b; c; a and b; a and c; b and c; and a, b and c. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph, unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for” or, in the case of a method claim, the element is recited using the phrase “step for.”