Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods for improving fermentation processes, including increasing product yield, reduced viscosity, and/or reduced foaming.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims benefit of priority from International Patent Application No. PCT/CN2013/085866 filed on 24 Oct. 2013, and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in entirety. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to the use of a transglycosidase enzyme preparation to improve fermentation processes. Methods of screening for suitable fermentation hosts and fermentation products amenable to improvement are also provided. 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
       [0003]    Industrial biotechnology represents the third wave in biotechnology and a growing number of companies are now focusing on specialty chemicals as an entry point to build the bio-based economy. Glutamic acid, lysine, lactic acid are top targets for further research and development within industrial biotechnology. The objective of a bio-refinery is to develop as more product and value streams as possible from biomass. Background summaries of the current technologies of bio-refinery fermentation can be found in Eggeling, L. and M. Bott (2010).  Handbook of Corynebacterium glutamicum , CRC press; Zahoor, A., S. N. Lindner, et al. (2012). “Metabolic engineering of  Corynebacterium glutamicum  aimed at alternative carbon sources and new products.” Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 3(4); Ikeda, M. and S. Takeno (2013). “Amino Acid Production by  Corynebacterium glutamicum.”  23: 107-147. 
         [0004]    Current challenges and objectives include maximizing product yield from raw materials. While much research has been carried out in this area, including strain modification, various raw materials utilization, and process optimization, yields remain far from theoretical maximums. Another current problem is managing the foaming level of aerobic fermentation. Under certain conditions, the existence of the foam phase in bioreactors may be regarded as a positive factor enhancing mass transfer and growth of the given culture. On the other hand, intensive foam formation frequently reduces the actual volume of the liquid. Furthermore, foam ejection and loss of the fermentation product may occur, which negatively impacts manufacturing plant capacity. Also, contamination occurs as a consequence of overflowing foam, so antifoam is often required to control the foam, which can be quite costly and negatively impact the downstream processing used to recover the end-products. In aerobic fermentation, often the maximum amount of fermentation broth per reactor is governed by foaming, thus filling degree (determined as mass per reactor volume) varies between 70 and 85% in industrial practices. Foaming is influenced by the density of the fermentation broth, surface composition of the production strain, media composition, process conditions, viscosity of the fermentation medium, and so on. Though there are some studies focusing on foam formation (see e.g. Eggeling, L., K. Krumbach, et al. (2001). “L-glutamate efflux with  Corynebacterium glutamicum : why is penicillin treatment or Tween addition doing the same?”  Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology  3(1): 67-68; Eggeling, L. and H. Sahm (2001). “The cell wall barrier of  Corynebacterium glutamicum  and amino acid efflux.”  Journal of bioscience and bioengineering  92(3): 201-213; Eggeling, L. and M. Bott (2010).  Handbook of Corynebacterium glutamicum , CRC press; Yang, Y., F. Shi, et al. (2012). “Purification and structure analysis of mycolic acids in  Corynebacterium glutamicum.” The Journal of Microbiology  50(2): 235-240), there no reports on foaming reduction by using additional enzymes. Another area of current research is directed to improving downstream process efficiency of bio-refinery fermentations. Recovery processes of amino acids and organic acids from fermentation broth may include conventional chromatographic method, concentrated crystallization method, direct drying method, calcium salt precipitation, and so on. Centrifugation, filtration, ultra-filtration, crystallization, spray-drying, etc are also often used to recover fermentation products. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    A method of making a fermentation product comprising; fermenting a feedstock with a fermenting microorganism in a fermentation broth to make a fermentation product, wherein the fermenting comprises a transglycosidase, and wherein the fermentation product has a higher yield than a control fermentation lacking the transglycosidase. In some embodiments, the method further comprises recovering the fermentation product. In some embodiments, the fermentation product is lysine, lactic acid, or glutamic acid. In some embodiments, the fermenting organism is  Brevibacterium flavum, Corynebacterium glutamicum  10178,  Corynebacterium glutamicum  10238, or  Lactobacillus rhamnosus . In some embodiments, the transglycosidase comprises SEQ ID NO:1, or anything 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99% identical to it. In some embodiments, the transglycosidase is produced in a  Trichoderma . In some embodiments, the feedstock comprises starch liquifact, granular starch, pure glucose, pure sucrose, or sugar syrup. In some embodiments, the method further comprises foam reduction and/or viscosity reduction in the fermentation broth. In some embodiments, the Transglucosidase enzyme preparation (TrTG) is present at 1-6 Kg/MT, 2-5 Kg/MT, or 2-4 Kg/MT dry solids of fermentation feedstock. 
         [0006]    In some embodiments, the present teachings provide a method of screening for a fermentation benefit to identify a beneficial transglycosidase comprising; fermenting a feedstock with a fermenting microorganism in a fermentation broth to make a fermentation product, wherein the fermenting comprises a transglycosidase, and wherein the fermentation product has a higher yield than a control fermentation lacking the transglycosidase; and, identifying the beneficial transglycosidase therefrom. In some embodiments, the fermentation product is lysine, lactic acid, or glutamic acid. 
         [0007]    In some embodiments, the present teachings provide a method of screening for a fermentation benefit to identify a beneficial transglycosidase comprising; fermenting a feedstock with a fermenting microorganism in a fermentation broth to make a fermentation product, wherein the fermenting comprises a transglycosidase, and wherein the fermentation comprising foam reduction and/or viscosity reduction in the fermentation broth as compared to a control reaction lacking the transglycosidase; and, identifying the beneficial transglycosidase therefrom. 
         [0008]    In some embodiments, the present teachings provide a method of making lysine comprising; fermenting a feedstock with  Brevibacterium flavum  in a fermentation broth to make lysine, wherein the fermenting comprises a TrTG, wherein the lysine has a higher yield compared to a control fermentation lacking the TrTG, and wherein the fermentation broth has reduced viscosity compared to a control fermentation lacking the TrTG. 
         [0009]    In some embodiments, the present teachings provide a method of making lysine comprising; fermenting a feedstock with  Brevibacterium flavum  in a fermentation broth to make lysine, wherein the fermenting comprises an A.  Niger  TG, wherein the lysine has a higher yield compared to a control fermentation lacking the A.  Niger  TG. 
         [0010]    In some embodiments, the present teachings provide a method of making lysine comprising; fermenting a feedstock with  Brevibacterium flavum  in a fermentation broth to make lysine, wherein the fermenting comprises a Transglucosidase, wherein the lysine has a higher yield compared to a control fermentation lacking the Transglucosidase. In some embodiments, the feedstock comprises pure glucose or sugar syrup. 
         [0011]    In some embodiments, the present teachings provide a method of making lysine comprising; fermenting a feedstock with  Brevibacterium flavum  in a fermentation broth to make lysine, wherein the fermenting comprises a betaglucanase, xylanase and cellulase enzyme complex, wherein the lysine has a higher yield compared to a control fermentation lacking the betaglucanase, xylanase and cellulase enzyme complex. 
         [0012]    In some embodiments, the present teachings provide a method of making glutamic acid comprising; fermenting a feedstock with  Corynebacterium glutamicum  SP 10238 in a fermentation broth to make glutamic acid, wherein the fermenting comprises a TrTG, wherein the fermentation broth has reduced viscosity compared to a control fermentation lacking the TrTG, and wherein the fermentation broth has reduced foam compared to a control fermentation lacking the TrTG. 
         [0013]    In some embodiments, the present teachings provide a method of making glutamic acid comprising; fermenting a feedstock with  Corynebacterium glutamicum  SP 10238 in a fermentation broth to make glutamic acid, wherein the fermenting comprises an exoglucanase, a endoglucanase, a β-glucosidase, and a xylanase, wherein the fermentation broth has reduced viscosity compared to a control fermentation lacking the exoglucanase, the endoglucanase, the β-glucosidase, and the xylanase, and wherein the fermentation broth has reduced viscosity compared to a control fermentation lacking the exoglucanase, the endoglucanase, the β-glucosidase, and the xylanase. 
         [0014]    In some embodiments, the present teachings provide a method of making lactic acid comprising; fermenting a feedstock with  Lactobacillus rhamnosus  in a fermentation broth to make lactic acid, wherein the fermenting comprises a TrTG, wherein the lactic acid has a higher yield compared to a control fermentation lacking the TrTG, and wherein the fermentation broth has reduced viscosity compared to a control fermentation lacking the TrTG. In some embodiments, the feedstock comprises pure glucose or sugar syrup. 
         [0015]    In some embodiments, the present teachings provide a method of making lactic acid comprising; fermenting a feedstock with  Lactobacillus rhamnosus  in a fermentation broth to make lactic acid, wherein the fermenting comprises a betaglucanase, xylanase and cellulase enzyme complex, wherein the lactic acid has a higher yield compared to a control fermentation lacking the betaglucanase, xylanase and cellulase enzyme complex, and wherein the fermentation broth has reduced viscosity compared to a control fermentation lacking the betaglucanase, xylanase and cellulase enzyme complex. 
         [0016]    More generally, the present invention involves adding additional enzymes during fine-chemicals fermentation. Increasing product yield, decreasing antifoam consumption, improving downstream efficiency. These objectives can be largely achieved by adding additional enzymes, especially a transglycosidase activity containing enzyme preparation. Without being bound by theory, the present inventors have found out that during bio-refinery fermentation, with the help of additional enzymes, beneficial effects may be found, including but not limited to, strain stimulation, accelerated fermentation rate, increased fermentation product yield, reduction in final residual sugars, decreased consumption of antifoam, decreased fermentation broth viscosity, and/or increased precipitation/settling speed. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0017]      FIG. 1  depicts the effect of Transglucosidase on the settling of insolubles of fermentation broth using glucose syrup as substrate. 
           [0018]      FIG. 2  depicts the effect of TrTGL2000 on settling of insolubles of fermentation broth using pure glucose as substrate. 
           [0019]      FIG. 3  depicts the effect of TrGA on settling of insolubles of fermentation broth using glucose syrup as substrate. 
           [0020]      FIGS. 4A-B  depict the effect of TrTG L2000 on settling of insolubles of fermentation broth using pure glucose as substrate, strain  Corynebacterium glutamicum  10178. 
           [0021]      FIGS. 5A-C  depict the effect of TrTG L2000 on foaming broth using pure glucose as substrate, strain  Corynebacterium glutamicum  SP 10238. 
           [0022]      FIG. 6  depicts the effect of ACCELLERASE DUET on foaming broth using pure glucose as substrate, strain  Corynebacterium glutamicum  SP 10238. 
       
    
    
     DEFINITIONS 
       [0023]    As used herein, the term “transglycosidase” refers to any enzyme or enzyme-containing preparation capable of transferring a monosaccharide moiety, as defined below, from one molecule to another. The term ‘transglucosidase’ is used when the monosaccharide moiety is a glucose moiety. In one embodiment, the transglycosidase enzyme is a transglucosidase enzyme. In one embodiment, the transglycosidase is classified in enzyme classification (E.C.) 3.2.1.24. In one embodiment, the transglycosidase enzyme is classified in Glycoside Hydrolase Family 31 of the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) database. This database is described at http://www.cazy.org/ and in Coutinho, P. M. &amp; Henrissat, B. (1999). This classification system is based on structural and sequence features rather than substrate specificity: as there is a direct relationship between sequence and folding similarities; such a classification: (i) reflects the structural features of these enzymes better than their sole substrate specificity, (ii) helps to reveal the evolutionary relationships between these enzymes, and (iii) provides a convenient tool to derive mechanistic information. In this classification, glycoside hydrolases (EC 3.2.1.-) are a widespread group of enzymes which hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. Further description of the classification of glycoside hydrolases (glycosidases and transglydosidases can be found in Henrissat B (1991), Henrissat B, Bairoch A (1993), Henrissat B, Bairoch A (1996), Davies G, Henrissat B (1995) and Henrissat B, Davies G J (1997)). In one embodiment, the transglycosidase enzyme is obtainable or is obtained from a living organism. Suitable transglycosidase enzymes are of bacterial or fungal origin. Preferred are transglycosidase enzymes of fungal origin. In one embodiment, the transglycosidase enzyme is of fungal origin or has at least 50%, preferably at least 55%, such as at least 60%, for example at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%, sequence identity with the mature transglucosidase enzyme of fungal origin that is SEQ ID NO: 1 (herein referred to as a “TrTG”, since the transglucosidase was made by expression in  Trichoderma , as described generally in WO 09/114380). 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 1 
               
               
                 Asqsllsttapsqpqftipasadvgaglianiddpqaadaqsvcpgykas 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 kvqhnsrgftaslqlagrpcnvygtdvesltlsveyqdsdriniqilpth 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 vdstnaswyflsenlvprpkaslnasysqsdlfvswsnepsfnfkvirka 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgdalfstegtvlvyenqfiefvtalpeeynlyglgehitqfrlqrnani 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tiypsddgtpidqnlygqhpfyldtryykgdrqngsyipvksseadasqd 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 yislshgvflmshgleillrsqkliwrtlgggidltfysgpapadvtrqy 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ltstvglpamqqyntlgfhqcrwgynnwsdladvvanfekfeipleyiwt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 didymhgyrnfdndqhrfsysegdeflsklhesgryyvpivdaalyipnp 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 enasdayatydrgaaddvflknpdgslyigavwpgytvfpdwhhpkavdf 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 wanelviwskkvafdgvwydmsevssfcvgscgtgnitlnpahpsfllpg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 epgdiiydypeafnitnateaasasagassqaaatatttstsysylrttp 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tpgvrnvehppyvinhdqeghdlsvhayspnathydgveeydvhglyghq 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 glnatyqgllevwshkrrpfiigrstfagsgkwaghwggdnyskwwsmyy 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 sisqalsfslfdipmfgadtcgfngnsdeelcnrwmqlsaffpfyrnhne 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 lstipqepyrwasvieatksamriryailpyfytlfdlahttgstvmral 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 swefpndptlaavetqfmvgpaimvvpvleplvntvkgvfpgvghgevwy 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 dwytqaavdakpgvnttisaplghipvyvrggnilpmqepalttrearqt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 pwallaalgsngtasgqlylddgesiypnatlhvdftasrssirssaqgr 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 wkemplanvtvlgvnkepsavtlngqavfpgsvtynstsqvlfvgglqni 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tkggawaenwvlew 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0024]    A nucleic acid sequence encoding this protein is found in SEQ ID NO: 2. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
           
               
                 SEQ ID NO: 2 
               
               
                 tccaccactgccccttcgcagccgcagtttaccattcctgcttccgcaga 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtcggtgcgcagctgattgccaacatcgatgatcctcaggctgccgacg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgcagtcggtttgtccgggctacaaggcttcaaaagtgcagcacaattca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgtggattcactgccagtcttcagctcgcgggcaggccatgtaacgtata 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cggcacagatgttgagtccttgacactgtctgtggagtaccaggattcgg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atcgactgaatattcagattctccccactcatgttgactccacaaacgct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcttggtactttctttcggaaaacctggtccccagacccaaggcttccct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caatgcatctgtatcccagagcgacctttttgtgtcatggtcaaatgagc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgtcgttcaatttcaaggtgatccgaaaggctacaggcgacgcgcttttc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agtacagaaggcactgtgctcgtatatgagaatcagttcatcgaatttgt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gaccgcgctccctgaagaatataacttgtatggccttggggagcatatca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgcaattccgcctccagagaaatgctaatctgaccatatatccttcggat 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gatggaacacctattgaccagtgagtactgatatcccgcccgtatcttct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggttctactcttgaaacttactcgtcctagaaacctctacggccaacatc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccttctatctggatacaagatattacaaaggagataggcagaatgggtct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tatattcccgtcaaaagcagcgaggctgatgcctcgcaagattatatctc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cctctctcatggcgtgtttctgaggaactctcatggacttgagatactcc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tccggtctcaaaaattgatctggcggaccctaggtggaggaatcgatctc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 accttctactcaggccccgccccggccgatgttaccaggcaatatcttac 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cagcactgtgggattaccggccatgcagcaatacaacactcttggattcc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 accaatgtcgttggggctacaacaactggtcggatctggcggacgttgtt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcgaactttgagaagtttgagatcccgttggaatatatctggtgcgtatt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtactggtttatggtatctcaaaacagtctaacaggcacttaggaccgat 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 attgactacatgcacggatatcgcaactttgacaacgatcaacatcgctt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttcctacagtgagggcgatgaatttctcagcaagctacatgagagtggac 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctactatgtacccattgttgatgcggcgctctacattcctaatcccgaa 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aatgcctctgatgcgtaagtgtctagtgacaaattatattactgcctgta 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgctaattagcgatacagatacgctacgtatgacagaggagctgcggacg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acgtcttcctcaagaatcccgatggtagcctctatattggagccgtttgg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccaggatatacagtcttccccgattggcatcatcccaaggcagttgactt 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctgggctaacgagcttgttatctggtcgaagaaagtggcgttcgatggtg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgtggtacgacatgtctgaagtttcatccttctgtgtcgggagctgtggc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acaggtaacctgactctgaacccggcacacccatcgtttcttctccccgg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tgagcctggtgatatcatatatgattacccagaggctttcaatatcacca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acgctacagaggcggcgtcagcttcggcgggagcttccagtcaggctgca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcaaccgcgaccaccacgtcgacttcggtatcatatctgcggacaacgcc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cacgcctggtgtccgcaatgttgagcacccaccctatgtgatcaaccatg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 accaagaaggccatgatctcagtgtccatgcggtgtcgccgaatgcaacg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 catgttgatggtgttgaggagtatgatgtgcacggtctctacggacatca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggattgaacgctacctaccaaggtctgcttgaggtctggtctcataagc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ggcggccatttattattggccgctcaaccttcgctggctctggcaaatgg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gcaggccactggggcggcgacaactattccaaatggtggtccatgtacta 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ctccatctcgcaagccctctccttctcacttttcggcattccgatgtttg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtgcggacacctgtgggtttaacggaaactccgatgaggagctctgcaac 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgatggatgcaactgtccgcattcttcccattctaccgaaaccacaatga 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gctctccacaatcccacaggagccttatcggtgggcttctgttattgaag 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 caaccaagtccgccatgagaattcggtacgccatcctaccttacttttat 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 acgttgtttgacctggcccacaccacgggctccactgtaatgcgcgcact 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ttcctgggaattccctaatgacccaacattggctgcggttgagactcaat 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 tcatggttgggccggccatcatggtggtcccggtattggagcctctggtc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aatacggtcaagggcgtattcccaggagttggacatggcgaagtgtggta 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cgattggtacacccaggctgcagttgatgcgaagcccggggtcaacacga 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 ccatttcggcaccattgggccacatcccagtttatgtacgaggtggaaac 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atcttgccgatgcaagagccggcattgaccactcgtgaagcccggcaaac 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cccgtgggctttgctagctgcactaggaagcaatggaaccgcgtcggggc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 agctctatctcgatgatggagagagcatctaccccaatgccaccctccat 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtggacttcacggcatcgcggtcaagcctgcgctcgtcggctcaaggaag 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 atggaaagagaggaacccgcttgctaatgtgacggtgctcggagtgaaca 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 aggagccctctgcggtgaccctgaatggacaggccgtatttcccgggtct 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 gtcacgtacaattctacgtcccaggttctctttgttggggggctgcaaaa 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 cttgacgaagggcggcgcatgggcggaaaactgggtattggaatgg 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0025]    In some embodiments, the transglycosidase enzyme originates from an  Aspergillus  species, especially an  Aspergillus  species selected from the group consisting of  Aspergillus niger  (herein referred to as an “ A. niger  TG”),  Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergullus fumigatus  and  Aspergillus clavatus  or has at least 50%, preferably at least 55%, such as at least 60%, for example at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%, sequence identity with a transglucosidase enzyme originating from an  Aspergillus  species. In one embodiment, the transglycosidase enzyme is  Aspergillus niger  a sequence having at least 50%, preferably at least 55%, such as at least 60%, for example at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%, sequence identity therewith. The transglycosidase enzyme may be post-translationally modified, for example by cleavage of a signal sequence or by glycosylation. 
         [0026]    As used herein the term “foam reduction” refers to the reduction of at least 1 centimeter of foam after 12 hours relative to a blank foam height condition as assessed according to the general conditions described in Example 6. In some embodiments, the foam reduction comprises at least 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, or 5 cm relative to a control fermentation lacking the transglycosidase. 
         [0027]    As used herein the term “viscosity reduction” refers to a decrease in viscosity (mpas) as measured after 12 hours relative to a control group as assessed according to the general conditions described in Example 8. In some embodiments, the viscosity reduction comprises at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60% reduction relative to a control fermentation lacking the transglycosidase. 
         [0028]    As used herein, the term “pure glucose” refers to at least 95% glucose. 
         [0029]    As used herein, the term “pure sucrose” refers to at least 95% sucrose. 
         [0030]    As used herein, the term “feedstock” refers to any carbon source that can be utilized by a fermenting microorganism to make a fermentation product. Illustrative feedstocks include pure glucose, pure sucrose, granular starch, liquefied starch, and any of a variety of cellulosic materials. 
         [0031]    As used herein, “fermenting microorganism” refers to any microorganism, including bacterial and fungal organisms, suitable for use in a desired fermentation process to produce a fermentation product. The fermenting organism can be hexose and/or pentose fermenting organisms, or a combination thereof. Both hexose and pentose fermenting organisms are well known in the art. Suitable fermenting microorganisms are able to ferment, i.e., convert, sugars, such as glucose, xylose, xylulose, arabinose, maltose, mannose, galactose, and/or oligosaccharides, directly or indirectly into the desired fermentation product. Examples of bacterial and fungal fermenting organisms producing ethanol are described by Lin et al., 2006 , Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.  69: 627-642. 
         [0032]    As used herein, “fermentation product” refers to any substance derived from the fermentation. The fermentation product can be, without limitation, an alcohol (e.g., arabinitol, n-butanol, isobutanol, ethanol, glycerol, methanol, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol [propylene glycol], butanediol, glycerin, sorbitol, and xylitol); an alkane (e.g., pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, and dodecane), a cycloalkane (e.g., cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, and cyclooctane), an alkene (e.g. pentene, hexene, heptene, and octene); an amino acid (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, serine, tryptophan, and threonine); a gas (e.g., methane, hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and carbon monoxide (CO)); isoprene; a ketone (e.g., acetone); an organic acid (e.g., acetic acid, acetonic acid, adipic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, 2,5-diketo-Dgluconic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, glucaric acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, glutaric acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, itaconic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, oxaloacetic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, and xylonic acid); 1-3 propane diol, and polyketide. The fermentation product can also be protein as a high value product. 
         [0033]    In addition to those explicitly exemplified herein, one of skill in the art will appreciate the following organisms can be employed to make the corresponding fermentation product. For example, lysine can be made with a bacterium selected from the group coryneform bacteria, Entobacteriaceae and  Bacillus , as well as  Corynebacterium glutamicum, Corynebacterium efficiens, Corynebacterium callunae, Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes, Corynebacterium ammoniagenes , and  E. Coli . MSG can be made with  Corynebacterium Glutamicum  or  E. Coli . Lactic acid can be made with a Bacteria based process, including  Bacillus Smithii, Bacillus Coagulans, Bacillus Thermoamylovorans, Geobacillus stearothemophilis , as well as a Yeast based process, including  Candida, Saccharomyces, Shizosaccharomyes, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Issachenkia  or  Hansenula.    
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Materials 
       [0034]    Microorganism for L-Lysine Fermentation 
         [0035]    Examples of fermenting organisms include  Brevibacterium flavum  20879 and  Corynebacterium glutamicum  10178, purchased from CICC (China Center of Industrial Culture Collection). 
         [0036]    Microorganism for L-Glutamic Acid Fermentation 
         [0037]    Example of fermenting organisms include  Corynebacterium glutamicum  sp 10238, purchased from CICC (China Center of Industrial Culture Collection). 
         [0038]    Microorganism for L-Lactic Acid Fermentation 
         [0039]    Example of fermenting organisms include  Lactobacillus rhamnosus , purchased from CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center). 
         [0040]    Microorganism Culture Condition 
         [0041]    Agar Seed Preparing 
         [0042]    Lysine fermentation microorganism agar plate medium for use in this invention includes: glucose 5 g/L, NaCl: 5 g/L, beef extract 10 g/L, peptone 10 g/L, agar 20 g/L, pH 7.0; 
         [0043]    Glutamic acid microorganism agar plate medium for use in this invention includes: glucose 5 g/L, NaCl: 5 g/L, beef extract 10 g/L, peptone 10 g/L, agar 20 g/L, pH 7.0; 
         [0044]    Lactic acid microorganism agar plate medium for use in this invention includes: Casein 10.0 g, Beef extract 10.0 g, Yeast extract 5.0 g, Glucose 5.0 g, Sodium acetate 5.0 g, Diammonium citrate 2.0 g, Tween 80 1.0 g, K 2 HPO 4  2.0 g, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.2 g, MnSO 4 .H 2 O 0.05 g, agar 20 g, Distilled water 1.0 L, pH6.8. 
         [0045]    The agar plate medium is sterilized at 121° C. holding for 20 min(vertical heating pressure steam sterilizer, LDZM-80KCS, Shanghai Shenan medical instrument factory) then dispense to plate, after solidification, cultivate in room temperature for 24 hrs for contamination test. The bacterial is transferred into agar plate at clean bench (OptiMair®, Ecso Laminar Flow cabinet) and cultivate in BINDER incubator 24 hrs. 
       Fermentation Seed Preparing 
       [0046]    Lysine fermentation microorganism seed medium for use in this invention includes: Glucose 25 g/L, CSLP (Corn Steep Liquor Powder) 24 g/L, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  5 g/L, KH 2 PO 4  1 g/L, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.5 g/L, CaCO 3  15 g/L, pH 7.0. Prepare 1 L seed medium, adjust pH according to the Prescription above, then dispense 60 mL to every 500 mL baffled flask for better oxygen dissolve, then sterilized at 121° C. holding for 20 min, after cool down to room temperature, transfer the biomass from agar plate to flasks, then cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 130 rpm, 30° C., 8˜10 hrs, maintain the OD above 0.8, check the strain through microscope to make sure the bacterial shape was “v-shape” and without contamination. 
         [0047]    Glutamic acid fermentation microorganism seed medium for use in this invention includes: Glucose 25 g/L, CSLP 24 g/L, K 2 HPO 4  1.5 g/L, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.4 g/L, urea 5 g/L, pH 7.3. Prepare 1 L seed medium, adjust pH according to the Prescription above, then dispense 60 mL to every 500 mL baffled flask for better oxygen dissolve, then sterilized at 121° C. holding for 20 min, after cool down to room temperature, transfer the biomass from agar plate to flasks, then cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 130 rpm, 32° C., 5˜6 hrs, maintain the OD above 0.9, check the strain through microscope to make sure the bacterial shape was “v-shape” and without contamination. 
         [0048]    Lactic acid fermentation microorganism seed medium for use in this invention includes: Casein 10.0 g, Beef extract 10.0 g, Yeast extract 5.0 g, Glucose 5.0 g, Sodium acetate 5.0 g, Diammonium citrate 2.0 g, Tween 80 1.0 g, K 2 HPO 4  2.0 g, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.2 g, MnSO 4 .H 2 O 0.05 g, pH6.8. Prepare 1 L seed medium, adjust pH according to the Prescription above, then dispense 100 mL to every 300 mL flask, then sterilized at 121° C. holding for 20 min, after cool down to room temperature, transfer the biomass from agar plate to flasks, then cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 150 rpm, 37° C., 14˜18 hrs, maintain the OD above 0.5, check the strain through microscope to make sure no contamination. 
       Fermentation Medium Preparing 
       [0049]    Lysine fermentation microorganism fermentation nutrient medium in 7 L jar fermentor includes: Initial glucose 80 g/L, CSLP 15 g/L, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  15 g/L, KH 2 PO 4  1 g/L, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.5 g/L, FeSO 4 .7H 2 O 9.9 mg/L, MnSO 4 .H 2 O 6.15 mg/L, Vitamin B1 (VB1) 100 μg/L, Biotin (VH) 100 μg/L, Antifoam THIX-298 0.05 g/L. For lysine fermentation the initial working volume is 3.5 L (nutrition 2.75 L, initial glucose 0.4 L, seed broth 0.35 L), nutrition prepare: weight powder CSL (Corn Steep Liquor) 52.5 g, (NH4) 2 SO 4  52.5 g, KH 2 PO 4  3.5 g, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 1.75 g, FeSO 4 .7H 2 O 7 mg, MnSO 4 .H2O 7 mg, VB 1  350 μg, VH 350 μg, antifoam 0.175 g, dissolved in 2.75 L water added to fermentor. Initial glucose prepare: weight 240 g glucose dissolved in water and make the total volume at 400 mL and add in one flask. High concentration glucose prepare (for feeding in the fermentation process): weight 400 g glucose dissolved in water and make the total volume at 500 mL and add in one flask using a pipe to gear into the fermentor. Antifoam prepare: weight 20 g antifoam dissolved in 80 g water and then add in one flask using a pipe to gear into the fermentor. Prepare an empty flask (used for NH 3 .H 2 O in the fermentation process to adjust pH) and using a pipe to gear into the fermentor, Calibrate pH electrode (METTLER TOLEDO, InPro®3030) and polarize dissolved oxygen electrode (METTLER TOLEDO) up 8 hrs, Fix the fermentor, make sure all the flasks stay along with the fermentor, and all the medium should be sterilized at 121° C. holding for 20 min, Repeat all the things above for another 7 L fermentor fermentation medium prepare. After sterilization, the fermentor should be pump into sterile air to avoid contamination; Pump the initial glucose to fermentor, and add NH 3 .H 2 O to the empty flask quickly, then adjust the pH to 6.5; Open the water tap, and control the temperature at 30 C by auto. Set up the stir at 200 rpm, waiting for about half an hour for all the parameters moderation, set the DO electrode at 100%; 350 mL seed broth added to the fermentor, one fermentor with enzyme and one fermentor without enzyme, begin fermentation, after seed add to fermentor the DO will decrease sharply, the agitation speed and aeration should be increased to maintain the DO at 15%˜30%; In the fermentation process, samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure glucose and lysine, if the glucose concentration below 30 g/L, then begin feed high concentration of glucose to maintain the glucose concentration around 30 g/L˜40 g/L. 
         [0050]    Glutamic acid fermentation microorganism fermentation nutrient medium in 7 L jar fermentor includes: Initial glucose 90˜100 g/L, CSLP 4 g/L, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 0.8 g/L·K 2 HPO 4  2 g/L, FeSO 4 .7H 2 O 22 mg/L, MnSO 4 .H 2 O 22 mg/L, Vitamin B 1  (VB 1 ) 0.2 mg/L, antifoam THIX-298 0.1 g/L. For glutamic acid fermentation the initial working volume can be 2.5˜2.7 L, feeding glucose can be 200 ml˜500 ml. For example if glutamic acid fermentation the initial working volume is 2.5 L (nutrition 1.8 L, initial glucose 0.4 L, seed broth 0.30 L), nutrition prepare: weight powder CSL 10.0 g, MgSO 4 .7H 2 O 2.0 g, KH 2 PO 4  5 g, FeSO 4 .7H 2 O 55 mg, MnSO 4 .H 2 O 55 mg, VB 1  500 μg, antifoam 0.25 g, dissolved in 1.8 L water added to fermentor. Initial glucose prepare: weight 250 g glucose dissolved in water and make the total volume at 400 mL and add in one flask. High concentration glucose prepare 770 g/L (for feeding in the fermentation process): weight 385 g glucose dissolved in water and make the total volume at 500 mL and add in one flask using a pipe to gear into the fermentor. Antifoam prepare: weight 40 g antifoam dissolved in 160 g water and then add in one flask using a pipe to gear into the fermentor. Prepare an empty flask (used for NH 3 .H 2 O in the fermentation process to adjust pH) and using a pipe to gear into the fermentor, Calibrate pH electrode (METTLER TOLEDO, InPro®3030) and polarize dissolved oxygen electrode (METTLER TOLEDO) up 8 hrs, Fix the fermentor, make sure all the flasks stay along with the fermentor, and all the medium should be sterilized at 121° C. holding for 20 min, Repeat all the things above for another 7 L fermentor fermentation medium prepare. After sterilization, the fermentor should be pumped into sterile air to avoid contamination; Pump the initial glucose to fermentor, and add NH 3 .H 2 O to the empty flask quickly, then adjust the pH to 7.0-7.1; Open the water tap, and control the temperature at 30° C. by auto. Set up the stir at 200 rpm, waiting for about half an hour for all the parameters moderation, set the DO electrode at 100%; 300 mL seed broth added to the fermentor, one fermentor with enzyme and one fermentor without enzyme, begin fermentation, after seed add to fermentor the DO will decrease sharply, the agitation speed and aeration should be increased to maintain the DO at 30%˜50%; In the fermentation process, after 4˜6 hrs increase fermentation temperature 1° C. every three or four hours till 38° C., samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure glucose and glutamic acid, if the glucose concentration below 20 g/L, then begin feed high concentration of glucose to maintain the glucose concentration around 20 g/L˜30 g/L. 
         [0051]    Lactic acid fermentation microorganism fermentation nutrient medium in 1 L jar fermentor includes: Initial sugar 80 g/L, CSLP 40 g/L, casein 10 g/L, beef extract 10 g/L, yeast extract 10 g/L, Tween 80 1.5 g/L, MnSO 4 .H 2 O 0.3 g/L, calcium carbonate 20 g/, pH 6.5. For Lactic acid fermentation the initial working volume is 0.6 L (nutrition 0.5 L, initial glucose 0.05 L, seed broth 0.05˜0.10 L), nutrition prepare: weight powder corn steep liquor 20 g, casein 5.0 g, Beef extract 5.0 g, Yeast extract 5.0 g, Tween 80 0.75 g, MnSO4.H2O 0.15 g, Calcium carbonate 10 g, pH 6.5, Initial glucose prepare: weight 40 g glucose dissolved in water and make the total volume at 50 mL and add in one flask. High concentration glucose prepare (for feeding in the fermentation process): weight 100 g glucose dissolved in water and make the total volume at 150 mL and add in one flask using a pipe to gear into the fermentor. Prepare an empty or contained 50 ml distilled water flask (used for NH 3 .H 2 O in the fermentation process to adjust pH,) and using a pipe to gear into the fermentor, Calibrate pH electrode (METTLER TOLEDO, InPro®3030) and polarize dissolved oxygen electrode (METTLER TOLEDO) up 8 hrs, Fix the fermentor, make sure all the flasks stay along with the fermentor, and all the medium should be sterilized at 121° C. holding for 20 min, Repeat all the things above for another 1 L fermentor fermentation medium prepare. After sterilization, the fermentor should be pump into sterile air to avoid contamination; Pump the initial glucose to fermentor, and add NH 3 .H 2 O to the empty flask quickly, then adjust the pH to 6.5; Open the water tap, and control the temperature at 40˜45° C. by auto. Set up the stir at 200 rpm, waiting for about half an hour for all the parameters moderation, then added 50 mL seed broth to the fermentor, one fermentor with enzyme and one fermentor without enzyme, begin fermentation, In the fermentation process, pH was adjusted automatically by adding additional NH 3 .H 2 O or diluted NH 3 .H 2 O. Samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure sugar and lactic acid level analyzed by HPLC. 
         [0052]    As used herein, CSLP refers to the spray-dried Corn Steep Liquor Powder, which is widely used in Microbial Fermentation, purchased from Roquette Co., Ltd. The glucose syrup is Liquid Glucose purchased from Xiwang Group Co., Ltd. HPAED analysis results indicated greater than 85% glucose expressed as mg/L. AntifoamTHIX-298 was bought from YanTai Thinking Finechem Technology Co. Ltd in Shandong province. The 7 L jar fermentor was purchased from KOBIOTECH CO., LTD. The 1 L jar fermentor was purchased from APPLITECH CO., LTD. Unless otherwise specified, other chemicals are purchased from Sino-pharm Co., Ltd; beef extract, peptone, casein, agar are BR grade, others are AR grade. 
       Enzymes 
       [0053]    Transglucosidase L-2000 (product of DuPont Industrial Biosciences, 2013): purified D-glucosyltransferase (transglucosidase, EC 2.4.1.24) free from glucoamylase activity. Transglucosidase L-2000 is produced through controlled fermentation, using a genetically modified strain of  Trichoderma reesei.    
         [0054]    Transglucosidase L “Amano” (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.),): the  Aspergillus niger  glucosyltransferase. This enzyme is an α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), and is capable of hydrolyzing its substrate from the non-reducing end of the molecule to release glucose molecules. Also, under high substrate concentration, this enzyme is capable of performing a glycosyl transfer reaction rather than the hydrolysis of the substrate. Because of this glycosyl transfer capability, this enzyme is also referred as transglucosidase. 
         [0055]    Optimash® BG (Genencor International, Inc): Viscosity Reducing Enzyme, High activity betaglucanase, xylanase and cellulase enzyme complex for rapid viscosity reduction, made in a modified  Trichoderma  host in which CBH1 and CBH2 cellobiohydrolases I and II) are deleted, and EGII (endoglucanase, a beta glucanase) is over-expressed by at least 50% relative to wild type, as taught for example in WO2A118257. 
         [0056]    TrGA (Genencor International, Inc): Glucoamylase enzyme produced by a non-pathogenic, non-toxigenic strain of  Trichoderma reesei , which is genetically modified to over express a native  T. reesei  glucoamylase enzyme (see for example U.S. Pat. No. 7,413,887) 
         [0057]    ACCELLERASE® DUET (Genencor International, Inc): produced with a genetically modified strain of  Trichoderma reesei , that contains not only exoglucanase, endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, but also includes xylanases and other hemicellulases, as commercially available from Danisco US Inc, DuPont Industrial Biosciences, in 2013. 
       Methods 
     Sugar Content Determination by HPAED 
       [0058]    Sugar analysis was performed on a Dionex ICS-5000 ion chromatography (Sunnyvale, Calif., USA) composed of a GP50 gradient pump, an ED 40 electrochemical detector including a pulsed amperometric detection cell made of a gold electrode and a pH-Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Separation was performed on a CarboPak™ PA200 column (3*250 mm) with a guard column (3*50 mm). The flow rate was 0.5 ml/min on CarboPak™ PA200 column, and column temperature was 30° C. Sample injection volume was 25 μl. The gradient for CarboPak™ PA200 column used was: 0-5 min, 100 mM NaOH, 0-40 mM NaAc; 5-60 min, 100 mM NaOH, 40-500 mM NaAc; 60-70 min, 100 mM NaOH. Pulsed amperometric detection was used as detector, and following pulse potentials and durations were used: E1=0.1V, t1=400 ms; E2=−2V, t2=20 ms; E3=0.6V, t3=10 ms; E4=−0.1V, t4=70 ms. Data acquisition and integration were performed using Chromeleon 6.8 workstation. 
       Fermentation Biomass Determination by Spectrophotometer 
       [0059]    Bio-mass analysis was performed on SHIMADZU UV-1700 Spectrophotometer. Fermentation broth was diluted 25 times with 1 mol/L Hydrochloric acid, and then checked the OD (Optical Density) value at 562 nm for lysine or 620 nm for glutamic acid. 
       Residual Glucose and Lysine/Glutamic Acid Content Determination by SBA40C Bio-Sensor 
       [0060]    Both residual glucose and lysine yield were performed on SBA-40C bio-sensor (Shandong Academy of Sciences Institute of Biology). The fermentation broth was diluted 100 times with purified water, before analyzing sample calibration was required. Injected 25 μl standard sample (100 mg/dL glucose and 100 mg/dl lysine stock solution) several times to complete the calibration. Injected 25 μl sample and record the data showed on the screen. Each time of calibration 10 samples can be analyzed. If the sample number was more than 10, re-calibration step was performed. 
       Lactic Acid Content Determination by HPLC(High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic): 
       [0061]    HPLC method using an Agilent 1100, Column specification: BIO-RAD Aminex HPX-87H or Rezex ROA-organic acid. Method of analysis: ESTD. Details of the analysis: Mobile phase: 0.005 mol/L H 2 SO 4 . Sample was withdrawn and diluted 10 times, and filtered using 0.45 μm filter membrane. Other HPLC parameters: Injection volume: 20 μl; Pump flow: 0.6 ml/min; Column thermostat temperature: 60° C.; RID, optical unit temperature: 35° C. 
       Fermentation Broth Viscosity Determination by HAAKE VT550 
       [0062]    Viscosity analysis was performed on HAAKE VT550 viscometer with FL-10 spindle in DC30-K10 Refrigerated Circulator water bath (all from Thermo Scientific). Weighed out 100 grams fermentation broth into HAAKE tube, using FL-10 spindle and run fixed share rate A 10 [1/s] fixed temperature 30° C. process 10 min. When the process was terminated, poured the broth and cleaned the tube to run another batch. Viscosity data were recorded by HAAKE workstation. 
       Natural Insoluble Solids Settling Observation 
       [0063]    Poured the fermentation broth into a beaker and covered it with wrap, hold it in 4-8° C. refrigerator 18 hrs, and then took a picture. 
       Example 1 
     Comparison of Commercial Transglucosidase Activity Containing Products on Lysine Fermentation Using Sugar Syrup as Substrate:  Brevibacterium flavum    
       [0064]    Bacterial biomass collected from an agar plate transferred into seed culture medium in 500 mL flasks. Cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 130 rpm and 30° C., and the working volume 60 mL/500 mL flask, using baffled flask, cultivate about 10 hrs and maintain the OD above 0.8. The fermentation medium was sterilized at 121° C. for 12 min, cooled down the temperature to 30° C., add 80 g/L initial glucose to the fermentor, adjust the pH of the medium to 6.5 by ammonium hydroxide. 0.75 g TrTG L-2000 (product of Genencor International, Inc.) and Transglucosidase™ L “Amano” (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Japan) with 300 mL seed broth (10% v/v) was added to fermentation medium. Temperature was maintained at 30° C., and pH was controlled at 6.8˜7.0 by addition of ammonium hydroxide, DO was maintained at 10%˜25% by adjusting aeration and agitation speed. In the fermentation process, samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure glucose and maintain at suitable concentration (30 g/L˜40 g/L) by feeding high concentration of glucose, at 8 hrs and 32 hrs added 0.75 g TrTG and AMANO TG respectively. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of Transglucosidase on lysine fermentation yield, residual 
               
               
                 glucose at the end of fermentation and viscosity of fermentation 
               
               
                 broth using glucose syrup as substrate 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Viscosity 
                 Residual 
                 Lysine•HCl 
               
               
                   
                 (mpas) 
                 glucose (g/L) 
                 (g/L) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
               
               
                   
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 TrTG @ 3.8 Kg/MT 
                 70.26 
                 21.62 
                 11 
                 2 
                 51.3 
                 68.8 
               
               
                 AMANO TG 
                 54.04 
                 81.07 
                 16 
                 2 
                 37.5 
                 52.5 
               
               
                 @3.6 Kg/MT 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0065]    The results of Table 1 and  FIG. 1  showed that additional TrTG L2000 resulted in much higher lysine. HCl yield, lower residual glucose, lower broth viscosity, and faster precipitation than blank (BK). Additionally, AMANO TG resulted in much higher lysine.HCl yield, lower residual glucose, and faster precipitation than blank as TrTG L2000 showed, but resulted in much higher broth viscosity than blank. 
       Example 2 
     TrTG L2000 Effect on Lysine Fermentation Using Pure Glucose as Substrate:  Brevibacterium flavum    
       [0066]    Bacterial biomass collected from an agar plate transferred into seed culture medium in 500 mL flasks. Cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 130 rpm and 30° C., and the working volume 60 mL/500 mL flask, using baffled flask, cultivate about 10 hrs and maintain the OD above 0.8. The fermentation medium was sterilized at 121° C. for 12 min, cooled down the temperature to 30° C., add 80 g/L initial glucose to the fermentor, adjust the pH of the medium to 6.5 by ammonium hydroxide. 0.75 g TrTG L-2000 (product of Genencor International, Inc.) and with 300 mL seed broth (10% v/v) was added to fermentation medium. Temperature was maintained at 30° C., and pH was controlled at 6.8˜7.0 by addition of ammonium hydroxide, DO was maintained at 10%˜25% by adjusting aeration and agitation speed. In the fermentation process, samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure glucose and maintain at suitable concentration (30 g/L˜40 g/L) by feeding high concentration of glucose, at 8 hrs and 32 hrs added 0.75 g TrTG L2000 respectively. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of TrTG L 2000 on lysine fermentation yield, residual 
               
               
                 glucose at the end of fermentation and viscosity of fermentation 
               
               
                 broth using pure glucose as substrate 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Viscosity 
                 Residual 
                 Lysine•HCl 
               
               
                   
                 (mpas) 
                 glucose (g/L) 
                 (g/L) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
               
               
                   
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 TrTG @3.7 Kg/MT 
                 54.04 
                 21.62 
                 1 
                 1 
                 37.5 
                 46.3 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0067]    Table 2 and  FIG. 2  showed that additional TrTG L2000 resulted in much higher lysine.HCl yield, lower residual glucose, lower broth viscosity, and faster precipitation than blank. 
       Example 3 
     Effect of TrGA on Lysine Production Using Sugar Syrup as Substrate:  Brevibacterium flavum    
       [0068]    This experiment assessed whether TG was likely responsible for the improvements, or if residue from the  Trichoderma  production strain is likely responsible. Bacterial biomass collected from an agar plate transferred into seed culture medium in 500 mL flasks. Cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 130 rpm and 30° C., and the working volume 60 mL/500 mL flask, using baffled flask, cultivate about 10 hrs and maintain the OD above 0.8. The fermentation medium was sterilized at 121° C. for 12 min, cooled down the temperature to 30° C., add 80 g/L initial glucose to the fermentor, adjust the pH of the medium to 6.5 by ammonium hydroxide. Controlled fermentation pH at 6.8˜7.0 by addition of ammonium hydroxide, DO was maintained at 10%˜25% by adjusting aeration and agitation speed. In the fermentation process, samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure glucose and maintain at suitable concentration (30 g/L˜40 g/L) by feeding glucose syrup (500 g/400 ml). TrGA was added at the beginning of the fermentation with 0.715 g and 8 h with 0.715 g, so the total TrGA was 2.4 Kg/MT ds glucose. After fermentation, check the Lysine production, residual sugar, broth viscosity and precipitation (Table.3,  FIG. 3 ) 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of TrGA on lysine fermentation yield, residual glucose 
               
               
                 at the end of fermentation and viscosity of fermentation 
               
               
                 broth using glucose syrup as substrate 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Viscosity 
                 Residual 
                 Lysine•HCl 
               
               
                   
                 (mpas) 
                 glucose (g/L) 
                 (g/L) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
               
               
                   
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 TrGA @ 2.4 kg/MT 
                 37.83 
                 54.04 
                 5 
                 10 
                 52.5 
                 46.3 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0069]    The results showed that additional TrGA during lysine fermentation increased the broth viscosity and residual glucose but decreased Lysine.HCl production. The decrease in lysine production is indicated by comparison to the blank, which is lower. Without being bound by theory, this observation supported the hypothesis that TrTG is responsible for the improved lysine fermentation, and that residue from the  Trichoderma  expression host may not be responsible. 
       Example 4 
     Effect of OPTIMASH™ BG on Lysine Production Using Pure Glucose as Substrate:  Brevibacterium flavum    
       [0070]    Bacterial biomass collected from an agar plate transferred into seed culture medium in 500 mL flasks. Cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 130 rpm and 30° C., and the working volume 60 mL/500 mL flask, using baffled flask, cultivate about 10 hrs and maintain the OD above 0.8. The fermentation medium was sterilized at 121° C. for 12 min, cooled down the temperature to 30° C., the initial glucose was 80 g/L, controlled pH at 6.8˜7.0 by addition of ammonium hydroxide, DO was maintained at 10%˜25% by adjusting aeration and agitation speed. In the fermentation process, samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure glucose and maintain at suitable concentration (30 g/L˜40 g/L) by feeding glucose solution (500 g/400 ml). OPTIMASH BG was added at the beginning of the fermentation, 16 h, and 32 h with 1.12 g, 0.8 g, 0.8 g separately, the total dosage of OPTIMASH BG addition was 4 Kg/MT ds glucose, after fermentation, checked the Lysine production, residual sugar and broth viscosity. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of OPTIMASH BG on lysine fermentation yield, residual glucose 
               
               
                 at the end of fermentation and viscosity of fermentation broth using 
               
               
                 pure glucose as substrate 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Viscosity 
                 Residual 
                 Lysine•HCl 
               
               
                   
                 (mpas) 
                 glucose (g/L) 
                 (g/L) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
               
               
                   
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 OPTIMASH BG @ 
                 31.00 
                 28.90 
                 25 
                 4 
                 32.5 
                 43.8 
               
               
                 4.0 kg/MT 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0071]    The results showed that additional OPTIMASH BG during lysine fermentation potentially slightly decreased broth viscosity and residual glucose, and significantly increased Lysine.HCl production. 
       Example 5 
     Effect of Transglucosidase on Lysine Production Using Pure Glucose as Substrate:  Corynebacterium glutamicum  10178 
       [0072]    Bacterial biomass collected from an agar plate transferred into seed culture medium in 500 mL flasks. Cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 130 rpm and 30° C., and the working volume 60 mL/500 mL flask, using baffled flask, cultivate about 10 hrs and maintain the OD above 0.8. The fermentation medium was sterilized at 121° C. for 12 min, cooled down the temperature to 30° C., the initial glucose was 100 g/L, controlled pH at 6.8˜7.0 by addition of ammonium hydroxide, DO was maintained at 10%˜25% by adjusting aeration and agitation speed. In the fermentation process, samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure glucose and maintain at suitable concentration (30 g/L˜40 g/L) by feeding glucose solution (800 g/1000 ml). Transglucosidase L-2000 (product of Genencor International, Inc.) was added at the beginning of the fermentation, 15 h, 23 h, 32 h, and 36 h with 1.4 g, 0.8 g, 0.8 g, 0.8 g and 0.8 g separately. The total dosage of Transglucosidase L-2000 was 4 Kg/MT ds glucose, after fermentation, checked the Lysine production, residual sugar, broth viscosity and broth color. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of TrTG on lysine fermentation yield, residual glucose at the 
               
               
                 end of fermentation and viscosity of fermentation broth using pure 
               
               
                 glucose as substrate, strain  Corynebacterium glutamicum  10178. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Viscosity 
                 Residual 
                 Lysine•HCl 
               
               
                   
                 (mpas) 
                 glucose (g/L) 
                 (g/L) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
               
               
                   
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 TrTG @ 4.0 kg/MT 
                 6.50 
                 7.42 
                 11 
                 16 
                 57.5 
                 55.0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0073]    The results showed that although the color changed with additional Transglucosidase L-2000, however, the enzyme did not affect the Lysine.HCl production. 
       Example 6 
     Effect of Transglucosidase on Glutamic Acid Production Using Pure Glucose as Substrate:  Corynebacterium glutamicum  SP 10238 
       [0074]    Bacterial biomass collected from an agar plate transferred into seed culture medium in 500 mL flasks. Cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 130 rpm and 32° C., and the working volume 60 mL/500 mL flask, using baffled flask, cultivate about 5˜6 hrs and maintain the OD above 0.9. The fermentation medium was sterilized at 121° C. for 12 min, cooled down the temperature to 30° C. The initial glucose was 100 g/L, controlled pH at 7.0˜7.1 by addition of ammonium hydroxide, DO was maintained at 20%˜40% by adjusting aeration and agitation speed. In the fermentation process, after 4˜6 hrs increase fermentation temperature 1° C. every three or four hours till 38° C., samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure glucose and glutamic acid, if the glucose concentration below 20 g/L, then begin feed high concentration of glucose to maintain the glucose concentration around 20 g/L˜30 g/L. Transglucosidase L-2000 (product of Genencor International, Inc.) was added at the beginning of the fermentation (0 h), 8 h, 16 h, 21 h with 0.9525 g, 0.9525 g, 0.3175 g, and 0.3175 g separately. The total dosage of Transglucosidase L-2000 was 4 Kg/MT ds glucose, took picture during fermentation to record foaming level changing, record the glutamic acid production, residual sugar, antifoam consumption, broth viscosity and broth color after fermentation. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of TrTG on Glutamic acid fermentation yield, residual glucose 
               
               
                 at the end of fermentation and viscosity of fermentation broth using 
               
               
                 pure glucose as substrate, strain  Corynebacterium glutamicum  SP 10238. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Viscosity 
                 Residual 
                 Glutamic 
               
               
                   
                 (mpas) 
                 glucose (g/L) 
                 acid (g/L) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
               
               
                   
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 TrTG@4 Kg/MT 
                 21.62 
                 5.4 
                 23 
                 7 
                 59 
                 63 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of TrTG on antifoam consumption using pure glucose as 
               
               
                 substrate, strain  Corynebacterium glutamicum  SP 10238. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Blank 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 With TrTG 
                 broth 
               
               
                   
                 broth height 
                 height 
                 With TrTG Foam 
                 Blank Foam 
               
               
                 Time (hrs) 
                 (cm) 
                 (cm) 
                 height (cm) 
                 height (cm) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 13 
                 13 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 4 
                 13 
                 13 
                 0 
                 0 
               
               
                 6 
                 13 
                 13 
                 0 
                 3 
               
               
                 12 
                 13 
                 13 
                 2 
                 4~5 
               
               
                 13 
                 13 
                 13 
                 2 
                 8 (begin to add 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 antifoam) 
               
               
                 15 
                 13 
                 13 
                 3 
                 15 
               
               
                 21 
                 14 
                 14 
                 7 (begin to add 
                 15 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 antifoam) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 45 hrs total 20% antifoam 
                 40  
                 100 
               
               
                 consumption (ml) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0075]    These results showed that additional TrTG during glutamic acid fermentation decreased broth viscosity and residual glucose and significantly increased glutamic acid production, and at same time reduced the foaming formation and decreased antifoam consumption at least 50%. 
       Example 7 
     Effect of ACCELLERASE™ DUET on Glutamic Acid Production Using Pure Glucose as Substrate:  Corynebacterium glutamicum  SP 10238 
       [0076]    Bacterial biomass collected from an agar plate transferred into seed culture medium in 500 mL flasks. Cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 130 rpm and 32° C., and the working volume 60 mL/500 mL flask, using baffled flask, cultivate about 5˜6 hrs and maintain the OD above 0.9. The fermentation medium was sterilized at 121° C. for 12 min, cooled down the temperature to 30° C., the initial glucose was 92.5 g/L, controlled pH at 7.0˜7.1 by addition of ammonium hydroxide, DO was maintained at 30%˜50% by adjusting aeration and agitation speed. In the fermentation process, after 4˜6 hrs increase fermentation temperature 1° C. every three or four hours till 38° C., samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure glucose and glutamic acid, if the glucose concentration below 20 g/L, then begin feed high concentration of glucose to maintain the glucose concentration around 20 g/L˜30 g/L. ACCELLERASE DUET (product of DuPont Industrial Biosciences, 2013) was added at the beginning of the fermentation (0 h), 8 h, 16 h, with 0.808 g, 0.808 g, and 0.202 g separately. The total dosage of ACCELLERASE DUET was 4.5 Kg/MT ds glucose, took picture during fermentation to record foaming level changing, record the glutamic acid production, residual sugar, antifoam consumption, broth viscosity and broth color after fermentation. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of ACCELLERASE ™ DUET on Glutamic acid fermentation 
               
               
                 yield, residual glucose at the end of fermentation and viscosity of 
               
               
                 fermentation broth using pure glucose as substrate, strain 
               
               
                   Corynebacterium glutamicum  SP 10238. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Viscosity 
                 Residual 
                 Glutamic 
               
               
                   
                 (mpas) 
                 glucose (g/L) 
                 acid (g/L) 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
                   
                 With 
               
               
                   
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
                 BK 
                 Enzyme 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 ACCELLERASE 
                 27.02 
                 5.4 
                 7 
                 3 
                 47 
                 50 
               
               
                 DUET @ 
               
               
                 4.5 kg/MT 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of ACCELLERASE on antifoam consumption using pure 
               
               
                 glucose as substrate, strain  Corynebacterium glutamicum  SP 10238. 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 20% antifoam (ml) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Blank 
                 130 
               
               
                   
                 Accellerase DUET @ 
                 100 
               
               
                   
                 4.5 kg/MT 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0077]    The results showed that additional ACCELLERASE DUET during glutamic acid fermentation significantly decreased broth viscosity, slightly decreased residual glucose and slightly increased glutamic acid production, and at the same time reduced the foaming formation and decreased antifoam consumption 30%. 
       Example 8 
     Effect of Transglucosidase on Lactic acid production using pure sucrose as Substrate:  Lactobacillus rhamnosus    
       [0078]    Bacterial biomass collected from an agar plate transferred into seed culture medium in 300 mL flasks. Cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 150 rpm and 37° C., and the working volume 100 mL/300 mL flask, cultivate about 14˜18 hrs and maintain the OD above 0.5. The fermentation medium was sterilized at 121° C. for 12 min, cooled down the temperature to 40° C., the initial sucrose was 80 g/L (40 g/500 ml), controlled pH at 6.5 by addition of ammonium hydroxide, samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure sucrose and lactic acid, from 20 hrs to 32 hrs feed high concentration of sucrose 150 ml (100 g/150 m). TrTG was added at the beginning of the fermentation (0 h), 20 h, 21 h, with 0.145 g, 0.145 g, and 0.140 g separately. The total dosage of TrTG was 3.07 Kg/MT ds sucrose, analyzed Lactic acid production, broth viscosity after fermentation. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 10 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Effect of TrTG on Lactic acid fermentation yield, residual sucrose 
               
               
                 at the end of fermentation and viscosity of fermentation broth using 
               
               
                 pure sucrose as substrate, strain  Lactobacillus rhamnosus   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Fermen- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Lactic 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 tation 
                 Total 
                 Lactic 
                 NH3•H2O 
                 Final 
                 acid 
                 Residual 
               
               
                   
                 time 
                 sucrose 
                 acid 
                 volume 
                 volume 
                 yield 
                 sucrose 
                 Viscosity 
               
               
                   
                 (hrs) 
                 (g) 
                 (g/L) 
                 (ml) 
                 (ml) 
                 (%) 
                 (g/L) 
                 (mpas) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Control 
                 49 
                 140 
                 20 
                 10 
                 660 
                 14.29 
                 / 
                 28.21 
               
               
                 TrTG 
                 49 
                 140 
                 31 
                 10 
                 660 
                 22.14 
                 / 
                 16.21 
               
               
                 @ 3.07 kg/MT 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0079]    The results showed that additional TrTG during lactic acid fermentation significantly decreased broth viscosity and increased lactic acid production. 
       Example 9 
     Effect of Transglucosidase on Lactic Acid Production Using Pure Glucose as Substrate:  Lactobacillus rhamnosus    
       [0080]    Bacterial biomass collected from an agar plate transferred into seed culture medium in 300 mL flasks. Cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 150 rpm and 37° C., and the working volume 100 mL/300 mL flask, cultivate about 14˜18 hrs and maintain the OD above 0.5. The fermentation medium was sterilized at 121° C. for 12 min, cooled down the temperature to 40° C., the initial glucose was 80 g/L (40 g/500 ml), controlled pH at 6.5 by addition of ammonium hydroxide, samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure sucrose and lactic acid, from 4 hrs to 22 hrs feed high concentration of glucose 150 ml (100 g/150 m). TrTG was added at the beginning of the fermentation (0 h), 10 h, 22 h, with 0.150 g, 0.150 g, and 0.300 g separately. The total dosage of TrTG was 4.28 Kg/MT ds glucose, analyzed Lactic acid production, residual sugar, broth viscosity after fermentation. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 11 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 effect of TrTG on Lactic acid fermentation yield, residual glucose 
               
               
                 at the end of fermentation and viscosity of fermentation broth using 
               
               
                 pure glucose as substrate, strain  Lactobacillus rhamnosus   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Fermen- 
                   
                   
                 Diluted 
                   
                 Lactic 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 tation 
                 Total 
                 Lactic 
                 NH3•H2O 
                 Total 
                 acid 
                 Residual 
               
               
                   
                 time 
                 glucose 
                 acid 
                 volume 
                 volume 
                 yield 
                 glucose 
                 Viscosity 
               
               
                   
                 (hrs) 
                 (g) 
                 (g/L) 
                 (ml) 
                 (ml) 
                 (%) 
                 (g/L) 
                 (mpas) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Control 
                 71 
                 140 
                 97.4 
                 100 
                 750 
                 52.09 
                 64.2 
                 15.72 
               
               
                 TrTG 
                 71 
                 140 
                 103.6 
                 230 
                 880 
                 65.16 
                 42.3 
                 12.97 
               
               
                 @ 4.28 kg/MT 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0081]    The results showed that additional TrTG during lactic acid fermentation significantly decreased broth viscosity, residual glucose and increased lactic acid production. 
       Example 10 
     Effect of OPTIMASH BG on Lactic Acid Production Using Pure Glucose as Substrate:  Lactobacillus rhamnosus    
       [0082]    Bacterial biomass collected from an agar plate transferred into seed culture medium in 300 mL flasks. Cultivate on a NBS rotary shaker at 150 rpm and 37° C., and the working volume 100 mL/300 mL flask, cultivate about 14˜18 hrs and maintain the OD above 0.5. The fermentation medium was sterilized at 121° C. for 12 min, cooled down the temperature to 45° C., the initial glucose was 80 g/L (40 g/500 ml), controlled pH at 6.5 by addition of ammonium hydroxide, samples were withdrawn every three or four hours to measure sucrose and lactic acid, from 6 hrs to 22 hrs feed high concentration of glucose 150 ml (100 g/150 m). OPTIMASH BG was added at the beginning of the fermentation (0 h), 22 h, with 0.150 g, 0.220 g separately. The total dosage of OPTIMASH BG was 3.70 Kg/MT ds glucose, analyzed Lactic acid production, residual sugar, broth viscosity after fermentation. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 12 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 effect of OPTIMASH BG on Lactic acid fermentation yield, residual glucose 
               
               
                 at the end of fermentation and viscosity of fermentation broth using 
               
               
                 pure glucose as substrate, strain  Lactobacillus rhamnosus   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Fermen- 
                   
                   
                 Diluted 
                   
                 Lactic 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 tation 
                 Total 
                 LA 
                 NH3•H2O 
                 Total 
                 acid 
                 Residual 
               
               
                   
                 time 
                 glucose 
                 production 
                 volume 
                 volume 
                 yield 
                 glucose 
                 Viscosity 
               
               
                   
                 (hrs) 
                 (g) 
                 (g/L) 
                 (ml) 
                 (ml) 
                 (%) 
                 (g/L) 
                 (mpas) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Blank 
                 46 
                 140 
                 69.8 
                 150 
                 800 
                 55.84 
                 56.9 
                 8.10 
               
               
                 OPTIMASH BG 
                 46 
                 140 
                 108.3 
                 190 
                 840 
                 77.36 
                 21.5 
                 0.00 
               
               
                 @3.7 Kg/MT 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0083]    The results showed that additional OPTIMASH BG during lactic acid fermentation significantly decreased broth viscosity, residual glucose and increased lactic acid production.