Abstract:
A container has a longitudinal axis, and comprises an upper portion including an opening into the container, a sidewall portion extending from the upper portion to a lower portion, the lower portion including a base, and a pressure panel located in the lower portion substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis, the pressure panel being movable substantially along the longitudinal axis between an initial position and an inverted position to compensate for a change of pressure induced within the container. The pressure panel comprises an initiator portion and a control portion, the initiator portion adapted to move in response to the change of pressure prior to the control portion.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     The present application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/529,198, filed Dec. 15, 2005, which claims priority of International Application No. PCT/NZ2003/000220, filed Sep. 30, 2003, which in turn claims priority of New Zealand Patent Application No. 521694, filed Sep. 30, 2002. This application is a also a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/432,715, filed on May 12, 2006, which is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/363,400, filed on Feb. 26, 2003, which is the U.S National Phase of PCT/NZ01/00176, filed on Aug. 29, 2001, which in turn claims priority to New Zealand Patent Application No. 506684, filed on Aug. 31, 2000, and New Zealand Patent Application No. 512423, filed on Jun. 15, 2001. The entire contents of the aforementioned applications are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     This invention relates generally to a container structure that allows for the removal of vacuum pressure. This is achieved by inverting a transversely oriented vacuum pressure panel located in the lower end-wall, or base region of the container.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     So called “hot-fill” containers are well known in the prior art, whereby manufacturers supply PET containers for various liquids which are filled into the containers while the liquid product is at an elevated temperature, typically at or around 85 degrees C. (185 degrees F.). The container is typically manufactured to withstand the thermal shock of holding a heated liquid, resulting in a “heat-set” plastic container. This thermal shock is a result of either introducing the liquid hot at filling, or heating the liquid after it is introduced into the container.  
         [0004]     Once the liquid cools down in a capped container, however, the volume of the liquid in the container reduces, creating a vacuum within the container. This liquid shrinkage results in vacuum pressures that pull inwardly on the side and end walls of the container. This in turn leads to deformation in the walls of plastic bottles if they are not constructed rigidly enough to resist such forces.  
         [0005]     Typically, vacuum pressures have been accommodated by the use of vacuum panels, which distort inwardly under vacuum pressure. Prior art reveals many vertically oriented vacuum panels that allow containers to withstand the rigors of a hot-fill procedure. Such vertically oriented vacuum panels generally lie parallel to the longitudinal axis of a container and flex inwardly under vacuum pressure toward this longitudinal axis. In addition to the vertically oriented vacuum panels, many prior art containers also have flexible base regions to provide additional vacuum compensation. Many prior art containers designed for hot-filling have various modifications to their end-walls, or base regions, to allow for as much inward flexure as possible to accommodate at least some of the vacuum pressure generated within the container.  
         [0006]     All such prior art, however, provides for flat or inwardly inclined, or recessed base surfaces. These have been modified to be susceptible to as much further inward deflection as possible. As the base region yields to the force, it is drawn into a more inclined position than prior to having vacuum force applied.  
         [0007]     Unfortunately, however, the force generated under vacuum to pull longitudinally on the base region is only half that force generated in the transverse direction at the same time. Therefore, vertically oriented vacuum panels are able to react to force more easily than a panel placed in the base. Further, there is a lot more surface area available around the circumference of a container than in the end-wall. Therefore, adequate vacuum compensation can only be achieved by placing vertically-oriented vacuum panels over a substantial portion of the circumferential wall area of a container, typically 60% of the available area. Even with such substantial displacement of vertically-oriented panels, however, the container requires further strengthening to prevent distortion under the vacuum force.  
         [0008]     The liquid shrinkage derived from liquid cooling causes a build up of vacuum pressure. Vacuum panels deflect toward this negative pressure, to a degree lessening the vacuum force, by effectively creating a smaller container to better accommodate the smaller volume of contents. However, this smaller shape is held in place by the generating vacuum force. The more difficult the structure is to deflect inwardly, the more vacuum force will be generated.  
         [0009]     In prior art, a substantial amount of vacuum is still present in the container and this tends to distort the overall shape unless a large, annular strengthening ring is provided in horizontal, or transverse, orientation at least one-third of the distance from an end to the container. Considering this, it has become accepted knowledge to believe that it is impossible to provide for full vacuum compensation through modification to the end-wall or base region alone. The base region offers very little surface area, compared to the side walls, and reacts to force at half the rate of the side walls.  
         [0010]     Therefore it has become accepted practice to only expect partial assistance to the overall vacuum compensation to be generated through the base area. Further, even if the base region could provide for enough flexure to accommodate all liquid shrinkage within the container, there would be a significant vacuum force present, and significant stress on the base standing ring. This would place force on the sidewalls also, and to prevent distortion, the smooth sidewalls would have to be much thicker in material distribution, be strengthened by ribbing or the like, or be placed into shapes more compatible to mechanical distortion (for example, be square instead of circular).  
         [0011]     For this reason it has not been possible to provide container designs in plastic that do not have typical prior art vacuum panels that are vertically oriented on the sidewall. Many manufacturers have therefore been unable to commercialize plastic designs that are the same as their glass bottle designs with smooth sidewalls.  
         [0012]     U.S. Pat. No. 6,595,380 to Silvers claims to provide for full vacuum compensation through the base region without requiring positioning of vertically oriented vacuum panels on the smooth sidewalls. This is suggested by combining techniques well-known and practiced in the prior art. Silvers provides for a slightly inwardly domed, and recessed base region to provide further inward movement under vacuum pressure. However, the technique disclosed, and the stated percentage areas required for efficiency, are not considered by the present applicant to provide a viable solution to the problem. In fact, flexure in the base region is recognized to be greatest in a horizontally flat base region, and maximizing such flat portions on the base has been well practiced and found to be unable to provide enough vacuum compensation to avoid also employing vertically oriented vacuum panels.  
         [0013]     Silvers does provide for the base region to be strengthened by coupling it to the standing ring of the container, in order to assist preventing unwanted outward movement of the inwardly inclined or flat portion when a heated liquid builds up initial internal pressure in a newly filled and capped container. This coupling is achieved by rib structures, which also serve to strengthen the flat region. Whilst this may strengthen the region in order to allow more vacuum force to be applied to it, the ribs conversely further reduce flexibility within the base region, and therefore reduce flexibility. It is believed by the present applicant that the specific “ribbed” method proposed by Silvers could only provide for approximately 35% of the vacuum compensation that is required, as the modified end-wall is not considered capable of sufficient inward flexure to fully account for the liquid shrinkage that would occur. Therefore a strong maintenance of vacuum pressure is expected to occur. Containers employing such base structure therefore still require significant thickening of the sidewalls, and as this is done the base region also becomes thicker during manufacturing. The result is a less flexible base region, which in turn also reduces the efficiency of the vacuum compensation achieved.  
         [0014]     The present invention relates to a hot-fill container which is a development of the hot-fill container described in our International Publication No. WO 2002/0018213 (the “PCT Application”), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The PCT Application describes the background of hot-fill containers and the problems with the designs that were overcome or at least ameliorated by the design disclosed in the PCT Application.  
         [0015]     In the PCT Application, a semi-rigid container was provided that had a substantially vertically folding vacuum panel portion. Such a transversely oriented vacuum panel portion included an initiator portion and a control portion which generally resisted being expanded from the collapsed state. Further described in the PCT Application is the inclusion of vacuum panels at various positions along the container wall.  
         [0016]     A problem exists when locating such a panel in the end-wall or base region, whereby stability may be compromised if the panel does not move far enough into the container to no longer form part of the container touching the surface the container stands on. A further problem exists when utilizing a transverse panel in the base end-wall due to the potential for shock deflection of the inverted panel when a full and capped container is dropped. This may occur on a container with soft and unstructured walls that is dropped directly on its side. The shock deflection of the sidewalls causes a shock-wave of internal pressure that acts on the panel. In such cases improved panel configurations are desired that further prevent panel roll-out, or initiator region configurations utilized that optimize for resistance to such reversion displacement.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0017]     According to one exemplary embodiment, the present invention relates to a container having a longitudinal axis, and comprising: an upper portion including an opening into the container; a sidewall portion extending from the upper portion to a lower portion, the lower portion including a base; and a pressure panel located in the lower portion substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis, the pressure panel being movable substantially along the longitudinal axis between an initial position and an inverted position to compensate for a change of pressure induced within the container; wherein the pressure panel comprises an initiator portion and a control portion, the initiator portion adapted to move in response to the change of pressure prior to the control portion.  
         [0018]     According to another exemplary embodiment, the present invention relates to a container having a longitudinal axis, and comprising: an upper portion including an opening into the container; a sidewall portion extending from the upper portion to a lower portion, the lower portion including a base; a pressure panel located in the lower portion substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis, the pressure panel being movable substantially along the longitudinal axis between an initial position and an inverted position to compensate for a change of pressure induced within the container; wherein when in the initial position, at least a portion of the pressure panel defines an angle of inclination with respect to a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis that is greater than about 15 degrees.  
         [0019]     According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the present invention relates to a container having a longitudinal axis, and comprising: an upper portion including an opening into the container; a sidewall portion extending from the upper portion to a lower portion, the lower portion including a base; a pressure panel located in the lower portion substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis, the pressure panel being movable substantially along the longitudinal axis between an initial position and an inverted position to compensate for a change of pressure induced within the container; and a hinge structure connecting the pressure panel to the lower portion; wherein the pressure panel moves from the initial position to the inverted position in response to internal vacuum forces developed within the container as a result of cooling of liquid contents within the container.  
         [0020]     Further aspects of the invention which should be considered in all its novel aspects will become apparent from the following description. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0021]      FIG. 1 : shows a cross-sectional view of a hot-fill container according to one possible embodiment of the invention in its pre-collapsed condition;  
         [0022]      FIG. 2 : shows the container of  FIG. 1  in its collapsed position;  
         [0023]      FIG. 3 : shows the base of  FIG. 1  before collapsing;  
         [0024]      FIG. 4 : shows the base of  FIG. 2  following collapsing;  
         [0025]      FIG. 5 : shows a bottom view of the base of the container of  FIG. 1  before collapsing;  
         [0026]      FIG. 6 : shows the base of  FIG. 1  before collapsing;  
         [0027]      FIG. 7 : shows the base of  FIG. 2  following collapsing;  
         [0028]      FIG. 8   a  shows a cross-sectional view of a hot-fill container according to an alternative embodiment of the invention in its pre-collapsed condition;  
         [0029]      FIG. 8   b:  shows a cross-sectional view of the container shown in  FIGS. 8   a  and  9  through line C-C;  
         [0030]      FIG. 9 : shows a bottom view of the base of the container of  FIGS. 8   a  and  8   b  and  FIG. 10  before collapsing;  
         [0031]      FIG. 10 : shows a cross-sectional view of the container shown in  FIG. 9  through line D-D;  
         [0032]      FIGS. 11   a - d:  show cross-sectional views of the container according to an alternative embodiment of the invention incorporating a pusher to provide panel folding;  
         [0033]      FIGS. 12   a - d:  show cross-sectional views of the container according to a further alternative embodiment of the invention incorporating a pusher to provide panel folding;  
         [0034]      FIG. 13 : shows the base of an alternative embodiment of the invention before collapsing;  
         [0035]      FIG. 14 : shows the base of  FIG. 13  during the initial stages of collapsing;  
         [0036]      FIGS. 15   a - b:  show side and cross-sectional views of the container shown in  FIG. 9  including outwardly projecting fluting;  
         [0037]      FIG. 15   c:  shows a bottom view of the base of the container of  FIGS. 15   a  and  15   b  with dotted contour section lines through lines E-E and F-F;  
         [0038]      FIG. 15   d:  shows a perspective view of the base of the container of  FIGS. 15   a - c;    
         [0039]      FIG. 16   a:  shows a side view of a container of  FIG. 16   c  according to an alternative embodiment including inwardly projecting fluting through Line I-I;  
         [0040]      FIG. 16   b:  shows a cross-sectional view of the base of the container of  FIG. 16   c  through Line J-J;  
         [0041]      FIG. 16   c:  shows a bottom view of the base of the container of  FIGS. 16   a  and  16   b  with dotted contour section lines through lines G-G and H-H;  
         [0042]      FIG. 16   d:  shows a perspective view of the base of the container of  FIGS. 16   a - c;    
         [0043]      FIGS. 17   a - d:  show side, side perspective, end perspective, and end views respectively of the container of  FIG. 15 ; and  
         [0044]      FIGS. 18   a - d:  show side, side perspective, end perspective, and end views respectively of the container of  FIGS. 16 . 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0045]     The following description of preferred embodiments is merely exemplary in nature, and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or uses. As discussed above, to accommodate vacuum forces during cooling of the contents within a heat set container, containers have typically been provided with a series of vacuum panels around their sidewalls and an optimized base portion. The vacuum panels deform inwardly, and the base deforms upwardly, under the influence of the vacuum forces. This prevents unwanted distortion elsewhere in the container. However, the container is still subjected to internal vacuum force. The panels and base merely provide a suitably resistant structure against that force. The more resistant the structure is, the more vacuum force will be present. Additionally, end users can feel the vacuum panels when holding the containers.  
         [0046]     Typically at a bottling plant, the containers will be filled with a hot liquid and then capped before being subjected to a cold water spray resulting in the formation of a vacuum within the container which the container structure needs to be able to cope with. The present invention relates to hot-fill containers and a structure that provides for the substantial removal or substantial negation of vacuum pressure. This allows much greater design freedom and light weighting opportunities as there is no longer any requirement for the structure to be resistant to vacuum forces which would otherwise mechanically distort the container. As mentioned above and in the PCT Application, various proposals for hot-fill container designs have been put forward.  
         [0047]     Further development of the hot-fill container of the PCT Application has positioned an outwardly inclined and transversely oriented vacuum panel between the lower portion of the side wall and the inwardly domed base region. In this position, the container has poor stability, insofar as the base region is very narrow in diameter and does not allow for a good standing ring support. Additionally, there is preferably provided a decoupling structure that provides a hinge joint to the juncture of the vacuum panel and the lower sidewall. This decoupling structure provides for a larger range of longitudinal movement of the vacuum panel than would occur if the panel was coupled to the side wall by way of ribs, for example. One side of the decoupling structure remains adjacent the sidewall, allowing the opposite side of the decoupling structure adjacent to an initiator portion to bend inwardly and upwardly. The decoupling structure therefore provides for increased deflection of the initiator portion, allowing increased movement of the panel portion longitudinally away from the previously outwardly inclined position, enabling the panel portion to fold inwardly relative to the container and upwardly relative to the initial base position. The lower sidewall is therefore subjected to lower force during such inversion. During this action, the base portion is translated longitudinally upward and into the container.  
         [0048]     Further, as the panel portion folds inwardly and upwardly, the decoupling structure allows for the vacuum panel to now form part of the container base portion. This development has at least two important advantages. Firstly, by providing the vacuum panel so as to form part of the base after folding, a mechanical force can now be provided immediately against the panel in order to apply inverting force. This allows much greater control over the action, which may, for example, be applied by a mechanical pusher, which would engage with the container base in resetting the container shape. This allows increased design options for the initiator portion. Secondly, the transversely oriented vacuum panel is effectively completely removed from view as it is forced from an outward position to an inward position. This means that there are no visible design features being imposed on the major portion of the side wall of the container in order to incorporate vacuum compensation. If required therefore, the major portion of the side wall of the present invention could have no structural features and the container could, if required, replicate a clear wall glass container. Alternatively, as there will be little or no vacuum remaining in the container after the panel is inverted, any design or shape can now be utilized, without regard for integrity against vacuum forces found in other hot-fill packages. Such a maneuver allows for a wide standing ring to be obtained. The decoupling structure provides for the panel to become displaced longitudinally so that there is no contact between any part of the panel or upwardly domed base portion with the contact surface below. A standing ring is then provided by the lower sidewall immediately 20 adjacent the decoupling structure. Further, by gaining greater control over the inverting motion and forces, it is possible to allow the initiator portion to share the same steep angle as the control portion. This allows for increased volume displacement during inversion and increased resistance to any reversion back to the original position.  
         [0049]     Referring to the accompanying drawings,  FIG. 1  shows, by way of example only, and in a diagrammatic cross-sectional view, a container in the form of a bottle. This is referenced generally by arrow  10  with a typical neck portion  12  and a side wall  9  extending to a lower portion of the side wall  11  and an underneath base portion  2 . The container  10  will typically be blow molded from any suitable plastic material but typically this will be polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The base  2  is shown provided with a plurality of reinforcing ribs  3 , although this is merely by way of example only.  
         [0050]     In  FIG. 1  the lower side wall portion  11 , which operates as a pressure panel, is shown in its unfolded position so that a ring or annular portion  6  is positioned above the level of the bottom of the base  2  which is forming the standing ring or support  4  for the container  10 . In  FIG. 2 , the lower side wall portion  11  is shown having folded inwardly so that the ring or annular portion  6  is positioned below the level of the bottom of the base  2  and is forming the new standing ring or support for the container  10 . The pressure panel  11  can include a centrally located push-up portion  14 .  
         [0051]     To assist this occurring, and as will be seen particularly in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , immediately adjacent the ring or annular portion  6  there may be an instep or recess  8  and decoupling structure  13 , in this case a substantially flat, non-ribbed region, which after folding enables the base portion  2  to effectively completely disappear within the bottom of the container and above the line A-A. Many other configurations for the decoupling structure  13  are envisioned, however.  
         [0052]     Referring now particularly to  FIG. 5 , the base  2  with its strengthening ribs  3  is shown surrounded by the bottom annular portion  11  of the side wall  9  and the decoupling structure  13 . The lower side wall portion  11  is shown in this particular embodiment as having an initiator portion  1  which forms part of the collapsing or inverting section which yields to a longitudinally-directed collapsing force before the rest of the collapsing or folding section. The base  2  is shown provided within the typical base standing ring  4 , which will be the first support position for the container  10  prior to the inversion of the folding panel. Associated with the initiator portion  1  is a control portion  5  which in this embodiment is a more steeply angled inverting section which will resist expanding from the collapsed state. Forming the outer perimeter of the bottom portion  11  of the side wall  9  is shown the side wall standing ring or annular portion  6  which, following collapsing of the panel  11 , will provide the new container support.  
         [0053]     To allow for increased evacuation of vacuum it will be appreciated that it is preferable for at least a portion of the pressure panel  11  (e.g., the control portion  5 ) to have a steep angle of inclination. For example, as shown in the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 6 , the control portion  5  may be set at an angle Θ with respect to a plane orthogonal to the container&#39;s longitudinal axis. According to one exemplary embodiment, the angle Θ of the control portion may be set at about 10 degrees or more. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the angle Θ of the control portion may be set at about 15 degrees or more. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, the angle Θ may be in the range of about 30 degrees to about 45 degrees. The initiator portion  1  can be inclined at a lesser angle of, for example, at least about 10 degrees less than the control portion. By way of example, it will be appreciated that when the panel  11  is inverted by mechanical compression it will undergo an angular change that is double that provided to it. For example, if the conical control portion  5  is set at about 15 degrees in the initial position, it can provide an angular change of approximately 30 degrees when moved to the inverted position.  
         [0054]     Referring to  FIGS. 6 and 7 , according to another exemplary embodiment, the control portion  5  may be initially set at an outwardly inclined angle Θ of approximately 35 degrees, which will provide an angular inversion of approximately 70 degrees. According to this exemplary embodiment, the initiator portion can be initially set at an outward angle of approximately 20 degrees.  
         [0055]     Referring to  FIGS. 8   a  and  8   b,  where the same reference numerals have been used where appropriate as previously, it is envisioned that in exemplary embodiments of this invention, the initiator portion may be reconfigured so that control portion  18  would provide essentially a continuous conical area about the base  2 . As a result, the initiator portion  1  and the control portion  5  will be at a common angle of inclination, such that they form a uniformly inclined panel portion. However, initiator portion  1  may still be configured to provide the area of least resistance to inversion, such that although it shares the same angular of inclination as the control portion  18 , it still provides an initial area of collapse or inversion. In this exemplary embodiment, initiator portion  1  causes the pressure panel  11  to begin inversion from the widest diameter adjacent the decoupling structure  13 . In this exemplary embodiment, the container side walls  9  can be “glass-like” in construction in that there are no additional strengthening ribs or panels as might be typically found on a container, particularly if required to withstand the forces of vacuum pressure. Additionally, structures may be added to the conical portions of the vacuum panel  11  in order to add further control over the inversion process. For example, the conical portion of the vacuum panel  11  may be divided into fluted regions.  
         [0056]     Referring specifically to  FIGS. 8   a  and  9 , the panel portions can be outwardly convex, and evenly distributed around the central axis to create alternating regions of greater angular inclination  19  and regions of lesser angular inclination  18 . This configuration may provide greater control over inversion of the panel. This type of geometry can provide increased resistance to reversion of the panel from the inverted position back to the initial position. Also, this type of geometry can provide a more even distribution of forces when the panel is in the inverted position.  
         [0057]     Referring to  FIGS. 15   a - d  and  17   a - d,  convex or downwardly outwardly-projecting flutes are shown. However, concave or inwardly-directed fluting arrangements are also possible. The embodiment having inwardly-directed flutes may offer less resistance to initial inverting forces, coupled with increased resistance to forces tending to revert the panel back to the initial position. In this way, the inwardly-directed flutes can behave in much the same manner as ribs to prevent the panel from being forced back out to the initial, outwardly-projecting position, but allow for hinge movement from the initial, outwardly-projecting position to the inwardly-directed position.  
         [0058]     The inwardly-directed or outwardly-projecting flutes or projections can function as ribs to increase the force required to invert the panel. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, that the forces applied to invert the panel will be sufficient to overcome any flute- or rib-strengthened panel, and that once the panel is inverted, the panel will be very resistant to reversion to the initial position, for example, if the container is dropped or shocked.  
         [0059]     Referring to  FIGS. 16   a - d  and  18   a - d,  concave or inwardly-projecting flutes are shown, with the contour lines G and H of  FIG. 16   c  illustrating this concavity through two cross-sectional reliefs. Further embodiments comprising arrays utilizing both concave and convex flutes are also intended within the scope of the invention.  
         [0060]     Referring to the exemplary embodiment of  FIGS. 11   a - d,  the container may be blow molded with the pressure panel  20  in the inwardly or upwardly inclined position. As shown in  FIG. 11   d,  a force can be imposed on the folding panel  20  (e.g., by means of a mechanical pusher  21  introduced through the neck region and forced downwardly) in order to place the panel in the outwardly inclined position prior to use as a vacuum container. Following the filling, capping, and cooling of the container (e.g., through the use of cold water spray), a vacuum is created within the filled container. As shown in  FIGS. 12   a - 12   d,  a force can be imposed on the folding panel  20  in order to force the panel from the initial, outwardly-inclined position to an inwardly-inclined position. For example, the force can be applied by means of a mechanical pusher  22  or some other external device creating relative movement of the bottle base relative to a punch or the like. Alternatively, the panel  20  can be configured to invert from the initial, outwardly-inclined position to the inverted, inwardly-projecting position solely under the force of the internal vacuum developed within the container. For example, a portion of the panel can be initially resilient enough such that the panel inverts solely under the internal vacuum forces.  
         [0061]     Due to the inversion of the panel, any deformation of the container shape due to the internal vacuum can be restored as a result of the internal volume reduction in the container. The vacuum within the container is removed as the inversion of the panel causes a rise in pressure. Such a rise in pressure can reduce vacuum pressure until ambient pressure is reached or even a slightly positive pressure is achieved.  
         [0062]     It will be appreciate that in another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the panel may be inverted in the manner shown in  FIGS. 12   a - d  in order to provide accommodate internal forces such those developed during pasteurization and the like. In such a way, the panel can provide relief against the internal pressure generated and then be capable of accommodating the resulting vacuum force generated when the product cools down. In this way, the panel can be inverted from the upwardly-inclined position as shown in  FIG. 11   a  to the downwardly-inclined position as shown in  FIG. 12   a,  except that the mechanical action is not provided. The force is instead provided by the internal pressure of the contents.  
         [0063]     Referring again to  FIGS. 12   a - d,  it can be seen that by the provision of the folding portion  20  in the bottom of the side wall  9  of the container  10 , the majority of the side wall  9  can be absent any structural features so that the container  10  can essentially replicate a glass container, if so desired.  
         [0064]     Although particular structures for the bottom portion of the side wall  9  are shown in the accompanying drawings it will be appreciated that alternative structures could be provided. For example, a plurality of folding portions could be incorporated about the base  2  in an alternative embodiment.  
         [0065]     There may also be provided many different decoupling or hinge structures  13  without departing from the scope of the invention. With particular reference to  FIGS. 6 and 7 , it can be seen that the side of the decoupling structure  13  that is provided for the pressure panel  11  may be of an enlarged area to provide for increased longitudinal movement upwards into the container following inversion.  
         [0066]     Referring to  FIGS. 13 and 14 , another exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown. As shown in  FIG. 13 , in this embodiment, the initiator portion  30  and the control portion  31  can define a substantially continuous curve (as viewed in the plane of the paper), without any sharp curves or severe angles. In addition, the initiator portion  30  can be located further from the longitudinal axis A than the control portion, that is, the initiator portion  30  can be located adjacent the wider regions of the pressure panel  11 , and the control portion  31  can be located adjacent the narrower regions of the pressure panel. The initiator portion  30  can invert earlier than the control portion  31 . The initiator portion  30  may be constructed with this in mind (e.g., by having thinner material, or a lesser angle of inclination, than the control portion  31 ) and so on, to provide for the panel  11  to begin inverting where it has the greater diameter, ahead of the narrower sections of the panel. In this case, the portion  30  of the panel, which is radially set more distant from the central axis of the container, inverts ahead of portion  31  to act as the initiator portion.  
         [0067]     Alternatively, the initiator portion can be located closer to the longitudinal axis A than the control portion. For example, referring to  FIG. 13 , the portion of the panel labeled  30 ′ can serve as the initiator portion (i.e., portion  30 ′ can start inverting prior to portion  31 ). For example, initiator portion  30 ′ can be formed of a thinner material than control portion  31 , or, as shown, can have a smaller angle of inclination with respect to the longitudinal axis A than the control portion  31 . Additionally or alternatively, the centrally-located push-up  50  can also serve as the initiator portion, provided it is formed resilient enough to initiate inversion of the pressure panel  11 .  
         [0068]     Where in the foregoing description, reference has been made to specific components or to integers of the invention having known equivalents then such equivalents are herein incorporated as if individually set forth. Although this invention has been described by way of example and with reference to possible embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that modifications or improvements may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.