Abstract:
The present disclosure provides methods for manufacturing a radio frequency (RF) powder including a plurality of RF particles, each of which includes a circuit element. A plurality of circuit elements, each corresponding to a different RF particle, may be formed on a first surface of a substrate. Grooves may be etched into the first surface of the substrate between the plurality of circuit elements. A protection film may be formed on each of the plurality of circuit elements and a portion of the substrate between a second, opposite surface of the substrate and bottoms of the grooves may be removed so that each of the plurality of circuit elements is associated with the remaining portion of the substrate.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This patent application is a divisional of U.S. Pat. No. 8,188,924, issued May 29, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure relates to a radio frequency (RF) powder and a method for manufacturing the same and in particular to, an RF powder which is used as a powder and is made to be contained in paper or the like to thereby allow information or the like to be read by a radio frequency electromagnetic field (radio wave) given from the outside, and a method for manufacturing the same. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Currently, it is considered that integrated circuit (IC) tags are products indicating the beginning of the ubiquitous age. Labels, Suica cards, FeRAM cards, or the like have been developed previously as RF-ID (micro radio identification). Many people expect that the IC tag market will certainly grow larger in the future. However, the market has not grown enough as expected. The reason is that there are problems such as cost, security, and privacy other than technologies, which must be solved socially. 
     The cost of the IC tag can be reduced by reducing the size of the IC tag chip. It is because the number of IC tag chips obtained from one wafer can be increased if the size of the IC tag chips is reduced. At present, an IC tag chip of 0.4 millimeters square has been developed. This IC tag chip can read 128-bit memory data in the chip with a microwave of 2.45 GHz (for example, refer to Non-patent Document 1). 
     According to a conventional manufacturing method, however, there have been problems described below when the micro IC tag chips are manufactured from one wafer. 
     The conventional method for manufacturing the IC tag chips are described, for example, Patent Document 1. According to the manufacturing method, a wafer in which ICs are formed on a front surface is subjected to a back grinding process, and a back surface of the wafer is polished to reduce a thickness of the wafer. After that, the wafer is subjected to a dicing process to separate a large number of IC tag chips with a predetermined shape. In the dicing process, the wafer is cut with a dicing saw to be separated into a large number of IC tag chips. With the separation method for cutting the wafer along dicing lines with the dicing saw, wafer areas, such as considerable areas used for the cutting, areas influenced by the cutting process, and the like, cannot be used for manufacturing the IC tag chips. Furthermore, the smaller the IC tag chips become, the further increases the number of dicing lines, and thus a ratio of unusable area to the whole wafer is increased, thereby making it impossible to use the wafer effectively. Namely, the number of IC tag chips which can be cut out from one wafer is decreased. 
     For that reason, a new method for separating semiconductor devices is proposed in order so solve the above-described problems in Patent Document 1. According to the method for separating the semiconductor devices in Patent Document 1, half cuts are formed by etching the separating positions for separating the semiconductor devices, from a front surface of the wafer on which circuits are formed; a tape material is adhesively attached on the front surface of the wafer; a back surface of the wafer is then mechanically polished by only a predetermined thickness while leaving a remaining portion so as not to communicate with the half cutting on the front surface; etching or chemical mechanical polishing is performed from the back surface of the wafer; and the wafer is finally separated into individual semiconductor devices. Since the half cut is formed by etching as described above, cut-out portions can be reduced while a width of the half cutting can also be narrowed, and thus allowing the number of the semiconductor devices obtained from one wafer to be increased. 
     Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2003-179005. 
     Non-patent Document 1: “Micro Radio IC Tag Chip ‘M-Chip’” by Mitsuo Usami in Applied Physics, Vol. 73, No. 9, 2004, p. 1179-p. 1183. 
     SUMMARY 
     Technologies described herein generally include methods for manufacturing an RF powder composed of a large quantity of particles, wherein a single particle thereof has an integrated circuit formed on a substrate, an insulating layer formed on the integrated circuit, and an antenna element formed on the insulating layer. The method may include forming a plurality of circuit elements, each corresponding to a different RF particle, on a first surface of a substrate, the substrate further including a second surface that is opposite the first surface; etching grooves into the first surface of the substrate between the plurality of circuit elements; forming a protection film on each of the plurality of circuit elements; and removing a first portion of the substrate that is between the second surface of the substrate and bottoms of the grooves so that each of the plurality of circuit elements is associated with a different remaining portion of the substrate. 
     Technologies described herein generally include methods for manufacturing an RF powder composed of a large quantity of particles, wherein a single particle thereof has a resonance circuit which is formed on a substrate and is responsive to an external electromagnetic field. The method may include forming a plurality of integrated circuits, each corresponding to a different RF particle, on a first surface of a substrate, the substrate further including a second surface that is opposite the first surface, etching grooves into the first surface of the substrate between the plurality of integrated circuits forming a protection film on each of the plurality of integrated circuits, attaching a strengthening plate to the protection film with an adhesive that fills the grooves, removing a first portion of the substrate that is between the second surface of the substrate and bottoms of the grooves so that each of the plurality of integrated circuits is associated with a different remaining portion of the substrate and removing the adhesive such that the support plate separates from the RF particles leaving each RF particle disconnected from each other RF particle. 
     Technologies described herein generally include methods for manufacturing a RF powder comprising a plurality of RF particles, each RF particle comprising a resonance circuit. The methods may include forming a plurality of resonators, each corresponding to a different RF particle, on a first surface of a substrate, the substrate further including a second surface that is opposite the first surface, etching grooves into the first surface of the substrate between the plurality of resonators, forming a protection film on each of the plurality of resonators, attaching a strengthening plate to the protection film with an adhesive that fills the grooves, removing a first portion of the substrate that is between the second surface of the substrate and bottoms of the grooves so that each of the plurality of resonators is associated with a different remaining portion of the substrate and removing the adhesive such that the support plate separates from the RF particles leaving each RF particle disconnected from each other RF particle 
     According to the present disclosure, since the particles are not individually used as the single IC tag chip but is collectively used as the RF powder, the treatment is easy and it can be manufactured at low cost. Additionally, according to the present disclosure, since the protection film forming process of covering with the protection film the circumference of the particle is provided before separating the wafer into the particles, the protection film can be uniformly applied to each particle. 
     Moreover, when the back surface of the wafer is polished as a pre-processing in order to separate the wafer into each particle of the RF powder, paraffin or the like is coated on the front surface of the wafer to past the ceramic plate thereon, and the inside of the cut groove for separation formed on the front surface of the wafer is further filled and solidified with the paraffin or the like, thus making it possible to polish the cut groove up to the bottom by mechanical polishing without causing cracks, chaps, or the like. For this reason, the whole manufacturing process of the RF powder is simplified, thus allowing the manufacturing cost to be reduced. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a view showing an aspect of use and management of RF powder according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 2  is a view showing some exaggerated and enlarged powder particles taken out from the RF powder according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is a three dimensional view showing a sectional main part of a single powder particle of the RF powder according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of an integrated circuit which is contained in a single powder particle of the RF powder according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a device configuration illustrating an actual application of the RF powder according to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a view showing a transmission/reception relation of a radio-frequency electromagnetic wave with a reader/writer in an existence position of the single powder particle; 
         FIG. 7  is a flow chart showing a process of a method for manufacturing the RF powder according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIGS. 8A through 8G  are sectional views showing configurations of a wafer and the powder particle corresponding to each process of the method for manufacturing the RF powder according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view showing a cross section of a part of a single powder particle of RF powder according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure; 
         FIG. 10  is a view illustrating an actual application of the RF powder according to the second embodiment; and 
         FIG. 11  is a view showing a transmission/reception relation of a radio-frequency electromagnetic wave with a reader/writer in an existence position of a single powder particle in the second embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Hereinafter, preferred embodiments (examples) according to the present disclosure will be explained based on accompanying drawings. 
       FIGS. 1 through 6  show a first embodiment of an RF powder according to the present disclosure.  FIG. 1  shows an aspect of use and storage management of the RF powder.  FIG. 1  shows that an RF powder  11  is contained in a container  1  such as a bottle or the like. The RF powder  11  according to the present disclosure is always in a form of being used as a powder (powdery substance or powder particulate matter). 
       FIG. 2  is a view in which a plurality of particles  11   a  of the RF powder  11  are taken out from the container  1  and are placed on a sheet-like member  2  such as rectangular paper, and each particle  11   a  is enlargedly shown. In  FIG. 2 , a size of each particle  11   a  composing the RF powder  11  is exaggeratedly shown. Note that a thickness of each particle  11   a  on the sheet-like member  2  is shown without exaggeration. Hereinafter, the “particle  11   a ” will be described as a “powder particle  11   a.”   
       FIG. 3  shows a main part longitudinal section of one of the plurality of powder particles  11   a  shown in  FIG. 2 . In  FIG. 3 , a thickness of the powder particle  11   a  of the RF powder  11  is exaggeratedly shown. The powder particle  11   a  has a three-dimensional shape, in which with respect to a plurality of rectangular planes in outer front surfaces thereof, a size of the rectangular plane is not less than 0.05 millimeters square and not more than 0.30 millimeters square, and more preferably 0.15 millimeters square. In the powder particle  11   a  according to the present embodiment, a side L in the front shown in  FIG. 3  is 0.15 millimeters (150 micrometers). 
     Each of a large quantity of powder particles  11   a  composing the RF powder  11  has an integrated circuit (IC)  13  provided with a memory function, such as FeRAM, formed on a substrate  12  such as silicon or the like, an insulating layer  14  with a thickness of approximately 30 micrometers formed on the integrated circuit  13 , and an antenna element  15  responsive to an electromagnetic field with a specific frequency (for example, 2.45 GHz) formed on the insulating layer  14 . In  FIG. 3 , transistors  16  and  17  which configure the integrated circuit  13 , interconnections  18  connected to the transistors  16  and  17 , and interconnections  19  for connecting the antenna element  15  and the integrated circuit  13  are shown as an example of electrical circuit elements. The interconnections  19  are embedded in the insulator  14 . 
       FIG. 4  shows one example of a circuit configuration of the integrated circuit  13  provided in each powder particle  11   a  of the RF powder  11 . The integrated circuit  13  is provided with a rectifier circuit  20 , a voltage suppressor  21 , an initialization circuit  22 , a clock circuit  23 , a control register  24 , a decoder  25 , and a memory  26 , for example. These circuit elements have following functions, respectively. 
     The rectifier circuit  20  has a function of rectifying radio-frequency electromagnetic waves incoming from the outside into a DC power supply voltage. For example, the 2.45 GHz electromagnetic wave which is introduced via the antenna  15  and an antenna terminal  27  is converted into a voltage for operating internal analog circuits and digital circuits by the rectifier circuit  20 . When the powder particles  11   a  of the RF powder  11  approach a reader/writer  32  (refer to  FIG. 5 ) and the rectifier circuit  20  generates the excessive voltage in response to excessive electromagnetic wave energy from the reader/writer  32 , the voltage suppressor  21  suppresses the voltage and prevents semiconductor devices in the integrated circuit  13  from being damaged. The initialization circuit  22  controls start and end of the circuit operation and the clock circuit  23  demodulates a clock waveform. The memory  26  is, for example, an FeRAM in which identification numbers are stored. Contents in the memory  26  are selected by the control register  24  and the decoder  25  to be transmitted to the reader/writer  32 . 
     Next, with reference to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , an actual use example of the RF powder  11  according to the first embodiment will be explained. 
     A considerable number of powder particles  11   a  of the RF powder  11  are made to be contained in a sheet member  30 , which is a medium such as paper or the like. A thickness of the sheet member  30  is exaggeratedly and enlargedly shown in  FIG. 5 . When the RF powder is made to be contained in the sheet members  30  such as bills, aqueous solutions (ink, paint, or the like) filled with an adhesive fixative containing the RF powder  11  is made to soak into the sheet member  30  with a dropper or the like, for example. Thus, the RF powder  11  can be attached on a surface of the sheet member  30 , or can be made to soak inside the sheet member  30 . At this time, each powder particle  11   a  is made to soak without inspection. Namely, each powder particle  11   a  needs not to be particularly inspected whether it is normal or abnormal.  FIG. 5  shows a state where a plurality of powder particles  11   a  of the RF powder  11  are made to soak inside the sheet member  30  to be arranged. Note herein that, when the powder particles  11   a  are mixed into the media such as paper or the like, the powder particles  11   a  may be mixed thereinto at a step of manufacturing the media such as the paper or the like. 
     The sheet member  30  in which a plurality of powder particles  11   a  of the RF powder  11  are made to be contained are scanned with the reader/writer  32  which is connected to a computer  31 , and information included in each of the powder particles  11   a  is read. The computer  31  is provided with a display  31   a , a main unit  31   b , a keyboard  31   c , or the like. 
     The above-described reader/writer  32  has a read terminal  33  (refer to  FIG. 6 ) and reads information provided from each powder particle  11   a  using radio-frequency electromagnetic waves (RF) in a specific frequency band including 2.45 GHz by the read terminal  33 . Frequencies used in each of the plurality of powder particles  11   a  are different from each other, and are, for example, 1.9 GHz, 2 GHz, 2.50 GHz, and 2.54 GHz. Hence, the reader/writer  32  is configured to read the electromagnetic waves of, for example, 1.9 to 2.54 GHz frequency band as the above-described specific frequency band at proper timing. In order to read information from each of the plurality of powder particles  11   a  in the sheet member  30  via the read terminal  33 , the reader/writer  32  performs a scanning operation in a certain direction along the surface of the sheet member  30 , and also changes the frequency used for transmission/reception within the specific frequency band. 
       FIG. 6  shows a state where signals (information) are transmitted and received based on the radio-frequency electromagnetic wave given from the reader/writer  32  in an existence position of a certain powder particle  11   a  which is contained in the RF powder  11 . Assuming that the read terminal  33  provided in a bottom surface of the reader/writer  32  performs a scanning operation by scanning movements of the reader/writer  32  and is located above the powder particle  11   a  of the RF powder  11 . In this case, the read terminal  33  radiates the radio-frequency electromagnetic waves with several different frequencies, and when the electromagnetic wave with a frequency to which the powder particle  11   a  is responsive is radiated (an arrow  34  shown in  FIG. 6 ), the powder particle  11   a  receives the radio-frequency electromagnetic wave, operates the integrated circuit  13  based on the energy thereof, and extracts information from the memory  26  to radiate it as the radio-frequency electromagnetic wave (an arrow  35  shown in  FIG. 6 ). The electromagnetic wave radiated by the powder particle  11   a  is received by the read terminal  33  in the reader/writer  32 . The read terminal  33  of the reader/writer  32  transmits the information received from the powder particle  11   a  to the computer  31 , and the information provided from the powder particle  11   a  is memorized in the memory of the computer  31  in a position where there is the powder particle  11   a.    
     By the reader/writer  32  scanning over the whole inside and surface of the sheet member  30  shown in  FIG. 5 , the information written in each of the RF powder  11  (a large number of powder particles  11   a ) which exist throughout a scanning area in the sheet member  30  is read and then memorized in the memory of the computer  31 . The information memorized in the memory of the computer  31  is displayed on a display  31  a thereof if needed. 
     Producing bills by making the above-described RF powder  11  to be contained in the bills using the above-described method, or making the RF powder  11  to be contained in important documents such as official documents, licenses, insurance cards, the other important cards, or the like makes it possible to utilize the RF powder  11  for forgery discrimination of the bills, authentication of the important documents, or the like. Additionally, since the RF powder  11  is used as the powder (powdery substance) of collectively utilizing a plurality or a large number of powder particles  11   a  instead of using it as a single IC tag chip in this case, the treatment is easy. 
     Next, with reference to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , a method for manufacturing the RF powder  11  according to the first embodiment will be explained. 
       FIG. 7  shows the whole process of manufacturing the RF powder  11 , while  FIGS. 8A through 8G  show longitudinal sectional structures of the wafer or the powder particle  11   a  corresponding to each process. 
     The method for manufacturing the RF powder  11  includes a device forming process (step S 11 ), a resist pattern forming process (step S 12 ), a gas dicing process (step S 13 ), a protection film forming process (step S 14 ), a ceramic plate pasting process (step S 15 ), a polishing process (step S 16 ), and a separating process (step S 17 ). 
     Each of the above-described processes S 11  to S 17  will be briefly explained. The device forming process S 11  is a process of forming a large number of (a large quantity of) integrated circuit elements ( 39 ) with antenna on the wafer. The resist pattern forming process S 12  is a process of forming resist patterns on the front surface of the wafer on which a large number of integrated circuit elements with antenna are formed. The gas dicing process S 13  is a process of forming cut grooves using gas. The protection film forming process S 14  is a process of forming the protection film for every integrated circuit element with antenna. The ceramic pasting process S 15  is a process of pasting a strengthening plate such as a ceramic plate or the like, on the front surface of the wafer with adhesive such as paraffin, luster, or wax, which is dissolved in an organic solvent. The polishing process S 16  is a process of polishing the back surface of the wafer until reaching bottoms of the above-described cut grooves. The separating process S 17  is a process of dissolving the adhesive such as paraffin or the like in chemicals and then separating the integrated circuit elements with antenna, namely, the powder particles  11   a , to thereby produce a large quantity of powder particles  11   a . Hereinafter, each of above-described processes will be explained in more detail. 
     In the above-described device forming process S 11 , a large number of (a large quantity of) integrated circuits are formed on the front surface of the wafer composed of silicon or the like, using the front surface area except for dicing lines, an insulating film (oxide film or the like) is also formed with a thickness of approximately 30 micrometers on the front surface of the wafer on which the integrated circuits are formed, and antenna elements composed of inductors or the like are formed on the insulating film. The antenna element is formed corresponding to each integrated circuit, and the corresponding integrated circuit and antenna element are electrically connected with the embedded interconnection formed inside the insulator. The integrated circuit element with antenna described above is a semiconductor device composed of a set of integrated circuits, a set of antenna elements corresponding thereto, the interconnections, or the like. In  FIGS. 8A through 8G , reference numeral  39  denotes the integrated circuit element with antenna. As exposure technologies used for forming a large number of micro integrated circuits on the front surface of the wafer and for forming the antenna elements on the insulator with a thickness of 30 micrometers further deposited on the front surface of the wafer, exposure technologies with parallel rays, or more preferably, exposure technologies with an X-ray is used in general. Irregularities are formed on the surface of the insulating film when the above-described insulating film is formed with a thickness of 30 micrometers, and thus transference cannot be performed by a common reduced projection light exposure technology with depth of focus, but using the exposure technology with the parallel rays (X-ray) makes it possible to correctly transfer a mask pattern to a resist for forming the antenna elements. As a result of this, the antenna elements can be formed correctly. The antenna elements are made of a copper material (copper plating). The above-described embedded interconnections formed inside the insulator are also made of a copper material. 
     Note that a large quantity of integrated circuits  39  with antenna formed on the wafer is of, for example, 3 million pieces for the 300-millimeter diameter wafer, while 1.4 million for the 200-millimeter diameter wafer. 
     Next, the mask pattern forming process S 12  with the resist is performed (shown in  FIG. 8A ). A number of above-described integrated circuits are formed in an area near the front surface of a wafer  40  shown in  FIG. 8A  by the above-described device forming process S 11 , and the antenna elements are also formed corresponding to respective integrated circuits on the insulating film on the front surface of the wafer  40 . On the wafer  40  on which a large number of integrated circuits and antenna elements are formed by the device forming process S 11 , resist mask patterns  42  are formed except for dicing lines  41  with a width of less than 50 micrometers, preferably in a range of approximately 10 to 30 micrometers by a lithography process. In  FIG. 8A , each of a plurality of resist mask patterns  42  corresponds to the set of integrated circuits, namely, the above-described integrated circuit elements  39  with antenna. 
       FIG. 8B  shows a result of the gas dicing process S 13  performed on the wafer  40 . According to the gas dicing process S 13 , in the front surface of the wafer  40 , deep etching is performed on the dicing lines  41  which are set based on the resist mask patterns  42  to a depth of 50 to 100 micrometers by plasma etching or the like. The gas dicing process S 13  is performed to form grooves  40   a,  for example, to a depth of approximately two times or more of a long side of the integrated circuit element  39  with antenna without cutting or separating the wafer  40 . Hereinafter, these grooves  40   a  will be called the “cut grooves.” A number of rectangular-net-like cut grooves  40   a  for separating the integrated circuit elements  39  with antenna in the subsequent process are formed on the wafer  40  by the gas dicing process S 13  as shown in  FIG. 8B . 
     In the subsequent protection film forming process S 14 , a protection film  43  such as a silicon nitride film (SiN) or the like is formed with a required thickness by plasma CVD (plasma chemical vapor deposition) on the front surface of the wafer  40  from which the above-described resist mask patterns  42  have been removed (shown in  FIG. 8C ). The protection film  43  is formed up to inner surfaces of the cut grooves  40   a . Note that a process of removing the resist patterns  42  which precedes the protection film forming process S 14  is omitted in  FIGS. 8A through 8G . 
     Furthermore, in the subsequent ceramic plate pasting process S 15 , for example, paraffin  44  which acts as an adhesive and solidifying agent is coated on the front surface of the wafer (shown in  FIG. 8D ), and the wafer  40  is then pasted on a ceramic plate  45  which has a required strength (shown in  FIG. 8E ). As a desirable state, the whole inside of the above-described cut grooves  40   a  is filled with the paraffin  44  and all the cut grooves  40   a  are embedded with the paraffin  44 . The paraffin  44  becomes solidified after cooling. An adhesive and solidifying material which is dissolved by an organic solvent can be used in general, instead of the above-described paraffin  44 . 
     In the following polishing process S 16 , a back surface  46  of the wafer  40  is polished. In this polishing process S 16 , the back surface  46  of the wafer  40  is polished until the polishing reaches bottoms  47  of the cut grooves  40   a  formed on the front surface and the paraffin  44  in the bottoms  47  is exposed (shown in  FIG. 8F ). Mechanical polishing is typically used in this back surface polishing. The polishing process may be completed only by performing mechanical polishing. This is because even when the back surface  46  is polished to the bottoms of the cut grooves  40   a , the above-described solidified paraffin  44  is embedded inside the cut grooves  40   a , and thus problems such as cracks, chaps, or the like hardly occurs. It should be noted that the polishing method is not limited only to mechanical polishing but other etching, chemical mechanical polishing, or the like may also be used in the back surface polishing, and naturally, these various kinds of polishing may be combined. 
     In the last separating process S 17 , temperature is increased to dissolve the above-described paraffin  44  by chemicals. After the paraffin  44  is dissolved, the ceramic plate  45  is removed and then portions of the wafer  40  on which the integrated circuit elements  39  with antenna are formed are separated therefrom as the above-described powder particles  11   a  (shown in  FIG. 8G ). In this way, a large quantity of powder particles  11   a  are produced from one wafer  40 . Each powder particle  11   a  has the integrated circuit element  39  with antenna composed of the integrated circuit, the antenna element, or the like, and this integrated circuit element  39  with antenna is further protected by the protection film  43 . 
     As described above, the RF powder  11  according to the first embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 1 through 6  can be formed. According to this manufacturing method, since the protection film forming process S 14  for covering with the protection film  43  the circumference of the integrated circuit elements  39  with antenna in the powder particle  11   a  is performed before separating the powder particles  11   a , the protection film  43  can be uniformly attached to the integrated circuit element  39  with antenna provided in each powder particle  11   a . Incidentally, while the mask pattern forming method by the resist is exemplified in the present embodiment, a mask pattern forming method by photosensitive polyimide or the like achieves a similar effect to that of the present embodiment. 
     Next, with reference to  FIGS. 9 through 11 , a second embodiment of the RF powder according to the present disclosure will be explained. 
     In  FIGS. 9 through 11 , the same numerals are given to the same components as the components explained in the above-described first embodiment. 
       FIG. 9  is an external perspective view of a cross section of a part of a single powder particle  50 . The powder particle  50  is the particle stored and managed in the container  1  as shown in  FIG. 1 , and is used in an aspect shown in  FIG. 2 . A size of the powder particle  50  is the same as the above-described powder particle  11   a . The powder particle  50  has resonators  52  formed on a substrate  51  such as silicon or the like. The resonator  52  is formed with a capacitive element and an inductive element using the antenna and the insulator. Reference numeral  51   a  in the figure denotes a protection film such as SiN or the like. The resonator  52  has a function well responsive to a specific frequency, for example, the 2.45 GHz radio-frequency electromagnetic field. When the reader/writer is formed with an inductance element, a responsive frequency changes due to mutual inductance according to proximity. The reader/writer is designed in consideration of it. When the responsive frequency is fixed to a specific value, it is also possible to fix it more actively by the integrated circuit from a design point of view. 
     Next, with reference to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , an actual use example of the RF powder according to the second embodiment will be explained.  FIG. 10  and  FIG. 11  are figures similar to the above-described  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 6 , respectively. A number of powder particles  50  of the RF powder according to the present embodiment are attached on the surface of the sheet member  30 , or embedded thereinside in a manner similar to that of the first embodiment described above. 
     The sheet member  30  which contains a large number of powder particles  50  is read by a reader/writer  53  connected to the computer  31 . The reader/writer  53  has an electromagnetic wave radiation part  53   a  and an electromagnetic wave detection part  53   b . The electromagnetic wave radiation part  53   a  is arranged on the top of the sheet member  30 , while the electromagnetic wave detection part  53   b  is arranged on the bottom of the sheet member  30 . The electromagnetic wave radiation part  53   a  and the electromagnetic wave detection part  53   b  have a position relation of disposing the sheet member  30  therebetween, wherein they are located in the same positions of the upper and lower sides of the sheet member and are moved in a predetermined direction keeping the same position relation. Further, in the reader/writer  53 , the electromagnetic wave radiation part  53   a  has an electromagnetic wave radiation terminal  54   a , while the electromagnetic wave detection part  53   b  has an electromagnetic wave detection terminal  54   b . The electromagnetic wave radiation terminal  54   a  of the electromagnetic wave radiation part  53   a  and the electromagnetic wave detection terminal  54   b  of the electromagnetic wave detection part  53   b  synchronously move along the front surface and the back surface of the sheet member  30  to thereby scan the sheet member  30 . The reader/writer  53  performs a detecting operation at each scanning position using the above-described frequency included in the specific frequency band. 
       FIG. 11  shows a connection relation between the reader/writer  53  and the radio-frequency electromagnetic field in an existence position of a certain powder particle  50  contained in the RF powder according to the present embodiment. When the electromagnetic wave radiation terminal  54   a  of the electromagnetic wave radiation part  53   a  performs a scanning operation to reach a position above the powder particle  50 , it changes the frequency to then radiate the radio-frequency electromagnetic field, and when the electromagnetic field with the frequency to which the powder particle  50  is responsive is radiated, the resonator  52  resonates in the powder particle  50 , and electromagnetic field energy (an arrow  55 ) is absorbed in the powder particle  50 . Further, in the powder particle  50 , the electromagnetic wave detection terminal  54   b  of the electromagnetic wave detection part  53   b  detects an electromagnetic wave (an arrow  56 ) whose intensity is reduced due to the electromagnetic wave absorption. Information on the detected value detected by the electromagnetic wave detection part  53   b  is sent to the computer  31 , and data on an absorption amount of the electromagnetic wave in the scanning position is memorized in a memory of the computer. 
     The reader/writer  53  scans over the whole sheet member  30  shown in  FIG. 10 , and thus the data on the amount of electromagnetic absorption by the RF powder (a large number of the powder particles  50 ) in the whole area of the sheet member  30  is memorized in the computer  31 . The information memorized in the memory of the computer  31  is displayed on the display  31   a  thereof if needed. 
     The RF powder according to the second embodiment can be used for forgery discrimination of bills or authentication of important documents, or the like in a manner similar to that of the RF powder according to the first embodiment described above, In this case, since the RF powder is used as a powder, the treatment is easy. 
     Since the method for manufacturing the RF powder according to the second embodiment differs only in that the resonators are formed instead of forming the integrated circuit elements in the device forming process S 11  in the method for manufacturing the RF powder  11  according to the first embodiment described above and the other processes are the same as those in the above-described first embodiment, explanations thereof will be omitted. 
     Configurations, shapes, sizes, and arrangement relations explained in the above embodiments are just schematically illustrated enough to understand and carry out the present disclosure, and values and compositions (materials) of each configuration are also only illustrations. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, but can be changed into various forms, without departing from the scope of technical ideas described in the claims. 
     The RF powder according to the present disclosure is applicable to powder components as information recording media used for authentication of documents, forgery discrimination of bills, or the like.