Abstract:
A method for bi-directional transmission of data between a source and a sink over a two-wire interface includes re-mapping a data signal and a clock signal from a first local bus on the source into a different protocol signal. Transmitting the different protocol signal from the source to the sink over the two-wire interface. Re-mapping the different protocol signal back into the data signal and the clock signal for use on a second local bus on the sink. Re-mapping the data signal and the clock signal from the second local bus into the different protocol signal; and transmitting the different protocol signal from the sink to the source over the two-wire interface.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates generally to digital communication between a transmitter and a receiver, and more particularly to communication between a video source device and a video display device. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1  illustrates a prior art system  10  of how a transmitter  20  and a receiver  30  communicate. The transmitter  20  can be, for example, a computer, a DVD player or other video source and the receiver  30  can be a monitor or a television. Communication between the transmitter  20  and the receiver  30  is typically achieved via the DVI (digital visual interface)  40  which is a single interface that contains various lines bundled into one cable. An HDMI link (high definition multi-media interface) or some other variant can also achieve communication between the transmitter  20  and the receiver  30 . Some of these lines include a hot plug signal, a power line, TMDS® (transition minimized differential signaling)  50  (typically used for carrying video data) and a DDC (display data channel) bus  60 . 
   The DDC bus  60  is a serial 2-wire interface that has one data line and one clock line. This serial protocol is believed to have been developed, at least in part by the Philips Corporation of Holland. Philips part #PCA9515 is an integrated circuit which implements the so-called I 2 C bus. One of the primary purposes of the DDC bus  60 , when used as an I 2 C bus, is to read an EDID PROM  70  (extended data interface device programmable read only memory) which includes data concerning the receiver  30 . The DDC bus  60  can also be used for data transfer with HDCP  80  (high-bandwidth digital content protection), which is an encryption device that provides content protection. 
   Several problems are associated with the DDC bus  60  that make it undesirable for certain applications. One problem is that it can not be of an extended physical length due to electrical issues such as overwhelmed capacitive load budgets and transmission line effects that degrade signal timing parameters. Another problem is that its data carrying capacity is limited to about 400 kilobits/second. The data on the DDC bus  60  can be easily eavesdropped and even manipulated and since it may connect to several devices in the transmitter  20 , security is also an issue. Finally, any attempt to solve these problems would need to take into consideration legacy issues for the purpose of backward compatibility. That is, the DDC bus is very widely used and any attempt to improve upon it would need to be compatible with transmitters and receivers that use the standard DDC bus interface. 
   Accordingly, what is needed is a method and apparatus for a DDC compatible two-wire serial command interface which allows for high speed data transmission, extended cable length, data security and still provide backward compatibility. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention provides a system and method for intelligently re-mapping a two-wire interface between a transmitter and a receiver. The re-mapping allows for high speed data transmission and data security and is not constrained by length issues. Additionally, a transmitter-side firewall prevents unauthorized access. 
   A method for bi-directional transmission of data between a source and a sink over a two-wire interface, in accordance with the present invention, includes re-mapping a data signal and a clock signal from a first local bus on the source into a different protocol signal. Transmitting the different protocol signal from the source to the sink over the two-wire interface. Re-mapping the different protocol signal back into the data signal and the clock signal for use on a second local bus on the sink. Re-mapping the data signal and the clock signal from the second local bus into the different protocol signal; and transmitting the different protocol signal from the sink to the source over the two-wire interface. 
   A system for bi-directional transmission of data between a source and sink over a two-wire interface, in accordance with the present invention, includes a first translator that is responsive to and operative to develop a first local bus signal and is responsive to and operative to develop a different protocol signal. A first buffer is responsive to and operative to develop the first local bus signal and is responsive to and operative to develop a buffered data signal and a buffered clock signal. Logic is responsive to the first local bus signal and operative to controlling a first switch coupled to the two-wire interface wherein the switch connects to the first translator, the first buffer or a firewall setting. A second translator is responsive to and operative to develop the different protocol signal and is responsive to and operative to develop a second local bus signal when the first switch is connected to the first translator and a second switch coupled to the two-wire interface is connected to the second translator. A second buffer is responsive to and operative to develop the buffered data signal and the buffered clock signal and is responsive to and operative to develop the second local bus signal when the first switch is connected to the first buffer and the second switch coupled to the two-wire interface is connected to the second buffer. 
   A method for buffering data between a source and a sink over a two-wire interface, in accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention, includes buffering on the source a data signal and a clock signal received from a local bus on the source. Transmitting, from the source to the sink, the data and clock signals over the two-wire interface. Buffering at the sink the data and clock signals. Re-transmitting from the sink the data and clock signals over the two-wire interface to the source as needed; and logic on the source that performs a firewall function by selectively closing access to the two-wire interface. 
   A system for buffering data between a source and a sink over a two-wire interface, in accordance with the present invention, includes a first buffer responsive to a first local bus signal and responsive to and operative to develop a buffered data signal and a buffered clock signal. A logic is responsive to the first local bus signal and operative to controlling a first switch coupled to the two-wire interface wherein the switch connects to the first buffer or a firewall setting. A second buffer is responsive to and operative to develop the buffered data signal and the buffered clock signal and is responsive to and operative to develop a second local bus signal when the first switch is connected to the first buffer and a second switch coupled to the two-wire interface is connected to the second buffer. 
   A system for buffering data between a source and a sink over a two-wire interface, in accordance with the present invention, includes a first buffer that is responsive to a first local bus signal and operative to develop a buffered data signal and a buffered clock signal. A logic is responsive to the first local bus and operative to controlling a first switch coupled to the two-wire interface wherein the switch connects to the first buffer or a firewall setting. The sink is coupled to the two-wire interface and is responsive to the buffered data signal and the buffered clock signal when the switch is connected to the first buffer. 
   An advantage of the present invention is that it is fully compatible with legacy hardware. It intelligently detects whether a device can support new or old protocols and adjusts accordingly. Additionally, even in the absence of new protocol compatibility, it improves upon legacy systems by increasing available cable length and also by providing a transmitter-side firewall. Also, security is improved and new protocols can be designed to be more readily sent through a receiver to another device or another level, for example, though a repeater coupled to two receivers. 
   These and other advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the following descriptions and studying the various figures of the drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a prior art system of how a transmitter and a receiver communicate. 
       FIG. 2A  illustrates a transmitter and receiver communication system via buffers in accordance with the present invention. 
       FIG. 2B  illustrates a transmitter and receiver communication system via translators in accordance with the present invention. 
       FIG. 3A  illustrates a flow diagram for a “negotiate and set” process in accordance with the present invention. 
       FIG. 3B  illustrates a flow diagram for a “set and test” process in accordance with the present invention. 
       FIG. 3C  illustrates a flow diagram for a “snoop and test” process in accordance with the present invention. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a translator in accordance with the present invention. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a general implementation of a buffer for an I 2 C bus in accordance with the present invention. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a legacy mode of operation in relation to the receiver in accordance with the present invention. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a legacy mode of operation in relation to the transmitter in accordance with the present invention. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1  was described with reference to the prior art.  FIG. 2A  illustrates a transmitter and receiver communication system  90  via buffers  100  and  110  in accordance with the present invention. In the context of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms “transmitter”, “host” and “source” can be used interchangeably and refers to devices capable of sending out signals that can control some other device as well as receive signals from that device. Also, it should be understood that “slave”, “receiver” and “sink” can also be used interchangeably and refers to a device that is controlled by a transmitter via signals and can send out signals to the transmitter. 
     FIG. 2A  depicts a default mode in that, at system startup, switches  120  and  130  are connected to I 2 C buses  100  and  110 , located on transmitter  140  and receiver  150  respectively. Other default modes are also available. Logic  160  sends a signal over DDC wires  170  and reads register  180 . Contained within register  180 , there is a control bit  190  and a status bit  200  that contain information on what the receiver  150  is capable of. Depending on that information, logic  160  will direct control  210  to keep switches  120  and  130  in their default positions or switch to translators  220  and  230 . This is one example of how the proper mode to use is determined. This example and others will be fully explained subsequently. 
   If switches  120  and  130  are left in their default modes, improvements are still evident over prior art systems due to the presence of the buffers  100  and  110  and firewall setting  240 . By buffering, the length of the DDC wires can be extended. On the transmitter  140 , switch  120  can be placed at firewall setting  240  by logic  160 . When firewall setting  240  is selected, access to the transmitter  140  via DDC wires  170  is cut off. Advantageously, this provides greater security on the transmitter  140  since access via the DDC wires  170  can be controlled and is no longer in a perpetually connected state. Additionally, in the context of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms “protocol” and “mode” can be used interchangeably and refer to a specified format of data communication or data transfer. 
     FIG. 2B  illustrates a transmitter and receiver communication system  90  via translators  220  and  230  in accordance with the present invention. Switches  120  and  130 , located on transmitter  140  and receiver  150  respectively, are connected to translators  220  and  230 . In this particular example, logic  160  directed control  210  to connect switches  120  and  130  to translators  220  and  230  due to information contained in register  180 . Specifically, control bit  190  and status bit  200  indicated that the receiver is capable of using the new protocol. This is one example of how the proper mode to use is determined, and this and other examples will be more fully explained subsequently. When the new protocol can be employed, more efficient signaling can be used to improve transmission speed, extend wire length and improve security by encryption. Some example signaling techniques include well-known TCP/IP, differential signaling, ethernet and current loop. Any of these signaling techniques can additionally be encrypted. Translator  220  converts the I 2 C signal into the new protocol and transmits it over DDC wires  170 . Translator  230  then converts the new protocol back into an I 2 C signal for use on the receiver  150 . Since the pre-existing DDC wires  170  are used to transmit the old as well as new protocols, compatibility with legacy hardware is achieved. Additionally, a firewall setting  240  is available on transmitter  140  and operates in the same manner as firewall setting  240  of  FIG. 2A . 
   It should be understood that the receiver  150  could also send information to the transmitter  140 . It will also be appreciated that, in some circumstances, the receiver  150  can initiate communications with the transmitter. 
   In an additional embodiment, both default and new modes (as shown in  FIGS. 2A and 2B ) can be used simultaneously in a manner that is similar in concept to DSL (digital subscriber line). In DSL, a high speed Internet connection is transmitted on the same wire or sets of wires as an old-style telephone signal by separating the two signals in the frequency spectrum. The same technique can be used for the present invention. The switch  120 , in this case, would act as a mixer and blend the two signals for transmission on the DDC wires  170 . Switch  130  would then act as a separator and on the receiving side. Besides a frequency spectrum separation of the signals, a voltage separating technique could also be used. 
     FIG. 3A  illustrates a flow diagram for a “negotiate and set” process  390  in accordance with the present invention. The negotiate and set process  390  is one example of how logic  160  and logic  320  function. In an operation  400 , the legacy mode or old style of communication over a set of DDC wires is used. At operation  410 , the capabilities of the receiver (for example receivers  150  or  310 ) are determined. This is accomplished by reading bit registers  180  and  340  or by reading an EDID PROM  70 . It can also be accomplished if the operation fails which is an indication that the receiver does not have the new mode capabilities defined. If it is determined that the receivers  150  or  310  can only understand the legacy mode protocol, then the legacy mode will be used at operation  420 . If it is determined that some devices located on the transmitter can use the new mode, the rest of the devices are polled at operation  430  determine if they all can do so. If not, control is passed to operation  420  and the legacy mode is used. Conversely, if all the devices can support the new mode, then the mode of operation at the receiver will be switched at operation  440  and the new mode will then be used via operation  450 . 
     FIG. 3B  illustrates a flow diagram for a “set and test” process  460  in accordance with the present invention. The set and test process  460  is another example of how logic  160  and logic  320  function. At an operation  470 , the new mode of communication is set. At operation  480 , the receiver/interface is tested to see if the new mode is understandable. If the test fails, the old mode of communication is used via operation  490 . If the test succeeds, the new mode will be used for communications via operation  500 . 
     FIG. 3C  illustrates a flow diagram for a “snoop and test” process  510  in accordance with the present invention. The snoop and test process  510  is yet another example of how logics  160  and  320  can function. At operation  520 , the default protocol is used. At an operation  530 , the bus is monitored for a response in any format other than the default protocols. Once a transmission is received, it is determined if it differs from the default protocols, at operation  540 . If a different protocol is not detected at operation  540 , then the transmission will continue to be monitored via operation  530 . If a different protocol is detected, then it is decided if the different protocol is recognizable at operation  550 . If it isn&#39;t, then the transmission will continue to be monitored via operation  530 . If it is recognized, then the new protocol will be used via operation  560 . 
     FIG. 4  illustrates a translator  220  in accordance with the present invention. Translator  220  is also a mirror image of translator  230 . SDA (serial data line) and SCL (serial clock line) are the two components of the I 2 C bus that are connected to the I 2 C port  580  where SDA and SCL are converted into internal blocks of data. The data is then translated at the translation logic block  590  and connected to the DDC wires  600  via the PHY (physical interface)  610 . Some examples of translation logic are ethernet, TCP/IP, current loop, differential signaling and cryptographic encryption/decryption logic. 
     FIG. 5  illustrates an implementation of a buffer for one line of an I 2 C bus  100  in accordance with the present invention. Two of these circuits are needed to fully buffer an I 2 C bus—one for SCL and one for SDA. Buffer  100  is a mirror image of buffer  110 . The buffer functions in a way such that data can flow in either direction simultaneously. In order to control the flow of data, a switch is usually necessary but can be difficult to implement. Another way of doing this is to sense the direction a current is flowing and then help it flow in the correct direction.  FIG. 5  achieves this function. When a signal at  630  is flowing left to right, node  630  is pulled towards a zero voltage. A positive voltage will then result across the resistor  640  which will in turn be sensed by operational amplifiers  650  and  660 . Operational amplifier  650  leaves its output transistors  670  in an off-state and operational amplifier  660  turns on its output transistors which in turn brings a signal at  690  down to about a zero voltage as well. If a signal was flowing right to left, an opposite process will occur. 
     FIG. 6  illustrates a legacy mode of operation in relation to the receiver in accordance with the present invention. The receiver  700  does not have a buffer  100  or a translator  220  as shown on the transmitter  140 . In this situation, the switch  120  is kept connected to the buffer  100  by the logic  160 , as the receiver can not support the new style protocols. Selection of a firewall  240  on the transmitter  140  is still possible, however. 
     FIG. 7  illustrates a legacy mode of operation in relation to the transmitter in accordance with the present invention. The transmitter  760  does not have a buffer  110  or a translator  230  as shown on the receiver  150 . In this situation, the switch  130  is kept connected to the buffer  110  as defined in the default mode. 
   The present invention provides a method and apparatus for a two-wire serial command bus interface. The re-mapping allows for high-speed data transmission, data security and is not constrained by length issues. Additionally, a transmitter-side firewall prevents unauthorized access. 
   An advantage of the present invention is that it is fully compatible with legacy hardware. It intelligently detects whether a device can support new or old protocols and adjusts accordingly. Additionally, even in the absence of new protocol compatibility, it improves upon legacy systems by increasing available cable length and also by providing a transmitter-side firewall. 
   While this invention has been described in terms certain preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain modifications, permutations and equivalents thereof are within the inventive scope of the present invention. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims include all such modifications, permutations and equivalents as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.