Abstract:
A technique and apparatus for heat dissipation in electrical devices is described. A bulk body may be configured with a plurality of radiating devices so that the bulk body may be divided into smaller bulk bodies to be used in conjunction with other electrical type assemblies to quickly and efficiently provide for a heat dissipation sub-assembly. In one aspect, the bulk bodies may be configured with internal voids such as a duct or tunnel interconnecting at least one input port and at least one output port for aiding in heat dissipation of an electrical device employing bulk body technique.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATION 
     This application is a Continuation of International Application No. PCT/US2011/043836, filed on Jul. 13, 2011, and entitled IMPROVED HEAT SINKING METHODS FOR PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITY, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention is directed generally to an apparatus and method for improved heat sinking for performance and scalability and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for improved heat sinking for performance and scalability in various electrical devices including LED devices to improve manufacturability and cost effective thermal management. 
     2. Related Art 
     Thermal management in electronic circuits has been dealt with in many different modes including fans, layout organization, orientation, heat conductors for components, and the like. The problem of removing heat from heat producing devices, or in some cases conveying heat into a device, continues to be an ongoing technological concern for multiple reasons including cost effectiveness. Off the shelf thermal management solutions are limited and still impose certain manufacturing constraints that in some design situations dictate less than optimum choices. 
     However, thermal generating applications may benefit from improved thermal management techniques that are more cost effective and that can handle situations that include high thermal capacity problems. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. No attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than may be necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention and the various ways in which it may be practiced. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary bulk body, according to principles of the invention; 
         FIGS. 2A-2L  illustrates exemplary embodiments of a radiating body, according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 3A  illustrates a sheet bulk body, according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 3B  illustrates a bulk body with through holes, according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 3C  illustrates a bulk body that is tamped with exemplary dimples, according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 4A  illustrates a pressure fit arrangement employing a radiating body, according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 4B  illustrates a solder or fillet technique to affix a radiating body to a bulk body, according to principles of the invention; 
         FIGS. 5A-5C  illustrate some examples of heat sink raw material constructed according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates an assembly, constructed according to principles of the invention; 
         FIGS. 7A and 7B  illustrate examples of an electrical conductor and dielectric insulator, constructed according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 7C  illustrates the exemplary electrical conductor and dielectric of  FIG. 7A  in an electrical board assembly, configured according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 8A  is a perspective view that illustrates a bulk body with modifications, constructed according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 8B  is an exemplary cut-away portion of a bulk body along a lateral axis illustrating a void space, constructed according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 8C  is an exemplary cut-away portion of a bulk body along a lateral axis illustrating a wail having a rough surface, constructed according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 9  is an embodiment of a bulk body, configured with void space therein having two ports or conduits to the surrounding environment, constructed according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 10  is an embodiment of a bulk body, constructed according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 11  is an embodiment of a bulk body, constructed according to principles of the invention; 
         FIG. 12  is an embodiment of a bulk body, constructed according to principles of the invention; and 
         FIG. 13  is an embodiment of a bulk body, constructed according to principles of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     It is understood that the invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, etc., described herein, as these may vary as the skilled artisan may recognize. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It is also to be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include the plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. The embodiments of the invention and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments and examples that are described and/or illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. It should be noted that the features illustrated in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and features of one embodiment may be employed with other embodiments as the skilled artisan would recognize, even if not explicitly stated herein. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques may be omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments of the invention. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the invention may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, the examples and embodiments herein should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the appended claims and applicable law. Moreover, it is noted that like reference numerals reference similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings. 
     Scalable heat sink designs for manufacturability and mass production may be thought of in two parts, referred to herein as (a) bulk body and (b) radiating body.  FIG. 1  illustrates an exemplary bulk body, constructed according to principles of the invention. A bulk body may be a solid or semi-solid mass of arbitrary size, thickness, geometry, material makeup configured to conduct heat out of or into a system or device. A bulk body may be an interface between a heat source or a heat sink. For purposes of illustration and example, consider an exemplary bulk body being about 2 mm thick and about one meter by one meter in size, comprising an exemplary material such as copper, as illustratively shown in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIGS. 2A-2L  illustrates exemplary embodiments of a radiating body, according to principles of the invention. A radiating body may be an interface between a bulk body (such as in  FIG. 1 ) and free air or other dissipative medium for releasing heat. A radiating body may comprise a thermally conductive or semi-conductive material with a mass (m) and surface area (a). Copper may be employed as an exemplary material for constructing a radiating body, but other suitable metals or material may be employed. A radiating body may employ one or more manufacturing techniques that have advantages over traditional radiation bodies including: stamping, rolling and crimping, each of which may create “surface area maximizing” geometries that are not attainable via more traditional manufacturing techniques such as casting, molding, etc. 
     The radiating body embodiments of  FIGS. 2A to 2L  also show different geometries with like masses but varying surface area. Geometries of interest are those whose surface areas are maximized for optimal radiation and convection of conducted heat. 
     A bulk body and radiating body may be joined together by the following exemplary process:
         a) A full sheet  300  bulk body may be perforated, drilled, and/or stamped creating void areas such as thru-holes  310  and/or dimples  315  such as shown in relation to  FIGS. 3A ,  3 B and  3 C.   b) The void area may be configured to accommodate a pressure fit interface with each individual or single radiating body.  FIG. 4A  illustrates a pressure fit arrangement  405  employing a radiating body  415 ; however, any shaped radiating body may be substituted, such as those of  FIGS. 2B-2L .  FIG. 4B  illustrates a solder or weld filet technique, denoted as reference numeral  410 .   c) The interface between the bulk and radiating bodies may be joined together via solder or welding process or any technique of creating a reliable thermal interface.   d) Alternatively, the radiating body may be of a surface mount type that requires no hole or feature to connect, but only a solder or welding.   e) This assembly may be plated using traditional plating techniques. Anodizing the assembly may also create electrical neutrality.   f) The flat side of the bulk body may be machine finished and/or polished to a desired roughness. This forms a more ideal interface to a heat source.       

     In one aspect, the exemplary 1 m×1 m bulk body when mated with radiating bodies  705  (such as those illustrated in reference to  FIGS. 2A-2L ) may be thought of as a single assembly, a heat sink raw material, or a stock quantity of heat sink that may be scored, routed, milled into smaller sub-parts of arbitrary size, shape, geometry.  FIGS. 5A-5C  illustrate some examples of heat sink raw material constructed according to principles of the invention, wherein a first bulk body may be further configured into individual parts, such as by routing, that may or may not be application specific. 
     One exemplary application, among many possible applications, of the heat sink components constructed according to principles of the invention may include light emitting diode (LED) lighting applications. For example, a section of the exemplary 1 m×1 m heat sink raw material may be milled to a desired size as illustrated in relation to  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 6  illustrates an assembly constructed according to principles of the invention, generally denoted by reference numeral  800 . The assembly  800  may include an LED package  805 , perhaps a chip type, which may be bonded such as by solder filet  810  to a copper film  815 . The copper film may be constructed adjacent to a thermally conductive dielectric  820 . The thermally conductive dielectric  820  may be bonded adjacent a bulk body  825  in accordance with principles of the invention, as described previously. The bulk body  825  may be configured with a radiating body  835  such as, for example, one of the radiating bodies illustrated in relation to  FIGS. 2A-2L . The LED package  805  may include one or more LEDs. 
     Another optional feature of the assembly  800  may allow for electricity to pass through one or more holes in the heat sink section of  FIG. 6 .  FIGS. 7A and 7B  illustrate examples of an electrical conductor and dielectric insulator, constructed according to principles of the invention.  FIG. 7C  illustrates the exemplary electrical conductor and dielectric of  FIG. 7A  in an electrical board assembly. As shown in the example of  FIGS. 7A and 7B , this feature may comprise an electrical conductor wire  905 , pin  910 , or other electrical conductor configured to transfer electrical energy from the radiating body side of the board to the LED side of the board, as shown in  FIG. 7C . The addition of a section of dielectric material  915  to the electrical conductor  925  may isolate it from the bulk body  920 . One end of the electrical conductor  925  may be connected to the copper film  815 , perhaps by exposed contacts  930 , to supply electrical energy to the one or more LEDs that may be present on the assembly  800 . That is, the technique of  FIG. 7A-7C  may be utilized in conjunction with an assembly such as  FIG. 6 . 
     Alternatively, a radiating body may be used for transferring electrical energy from a regulating source through the bulk body and to the exposed electrically conducting solder pads as outlined in  FIG. 6 . The use of heat sink elements may eliminate the need for wires and hand soldering processes. 
     Active Cooling Duct 
       FIG. 8A  is a perspective view that illustrates a bulk body with modifications, according to principles of the invention, generally denoted as reference numeral  1001 . In this embodiment, a void space  1005  may be constructed in the interior of the bulk body of arbitrary size, shape, and dimension. Substantially all of the interior of the bulk body may be void, or a subsection thereof. 
       FIG. 8B  is an exemplary cut-away portion of a bulk body along a lateral axis illustrating a void space  1005  of the interior of a bulk body, which may comprise a duct or tunnel of arbitrary path and geometry. In  FIG. 8B , the bulk body  1000  may be constructed by mating two separate bulk bodies (second portion is not shown, but essentially mirrors the portion of  FIG. 8B ) where one or both of them contain routed features where joining the two bodies create a completely encapsulated void space surrounded by a thermally conductive or semi-conductive material. The void space surface can be constructed such that the one or more wails  1015  are intentionally “not smooth,” for maximizing the surface are of the bulk body-free air interface. A wail  1015  having a rough surface is shown in relation to  FIG. 8C . 
       FIG. 9  is an embodiment of a bulk body, configured with void space therein having two ports or conduits to the surrounding environment, constructed according to principles of the invention. There may be one, two or a multitude of ports  1025 ,  1030  interconnected by conduit  1020 . 
       FIG. 10  is an embodiment of a bulk body, constructed according to principles of the invention. The bulk body  1000  may be constructed with a single input port  1025  and a single output port  1030  with a tunnel  1022  created therebetween. The tunnel  1022  may be constructed similarly as a wail of  FIG. 8B , i.e., by combining two portions of the bulk body. 
       FIG. 11  is an embodiment of a bulk body, constructed according to principles of the invention. The bulk body  1000  may be constructed with a single input port  1025  and multiple output ports  1030  with a tunnel  1022  created therebetween. The tunnel  1022  may be constructed similarly as a wail of  FIG. 8B , i.e., by combining two portions of the bulk body. 
       FIG. 12  is an embodiment of a bulk body, constructed according to principles of the invention. The bulk body  1000  may be constructed with a multitude of input ports  1031   a - 1031   d  and a single output port  1035  with a tunnel  1022  created therebetween. The tunnel  1022  may be constructed similarly as a wail of  FIG. 8B , i.e., by combining two portions of the bulk body. 
       FIG. 13  is an embodiment of a bulk body, constructed according to principles of the invention. The bulk body  1000  may be constructed with a multitude of input ports  1036  and a multitude of output port  1032   a - 1032   h  with a tunnel  1022  created therebetween. The tunnel  1022  may be constructed similarly as a wail of  FIG. 8B , i.e., by combining two portions of the bulk body. 
     In any of the embodiments of  FIGS. 9-13 , a pressure source capable of moving air or any other fluid may be added, such as at each input. An example pressure source may be a piezoelectric fan such as obtainable from Nuventix of Austin, Tex. 
     In the embodiments of  FIGS. 9-13 , air (or cooling fluid) may enter each input port at an arbitrary flow rate and arbitrary pressure as to create moving air (or cooling fluid) through the duct or tunnel. The air may pass through the entire length of the duct or tunnel and out each output port. The air may be replaced by any fluid. The flow of the fluid may be made turbulent if desirable for heat transfer provided the pressure source and duct geometry are mutually supportive. 
     This technique provides an optimized path for heat to be extracted from a source or sink. Heat is conducted through the bulk body, radiated into the void which is the duct and evacuated out of the bulk body via convection into the ambient environment. Using the pressure source for generating fluid motion can have some other obvious advantages pertaining to airflow. One advantage is using the duct to introduce a venturi vacuum to pull additional air (or cooling fluid) into the duct/tunnel system. This may be accomplished by restricting airflow through one or more ducts so as to produce a pressure differential at one or more connected output ports. 
     The aforementioned technique of removing heat from a heat source may eliminate or reduce a need for a radiating body. Alternatively, this system of voids and ports may be used in conjunction with radiating bodies for added effectiveness. Modified radiating bodies may also include voids and ducts in a similar manner to the mentioned bulk body voids. These bodies may or may not encompass the same features as described in relation to  FIG. 2A-2L  in conjunction with voids, ducts and two or more input or output ports. The single output and single input radiating body may be realized by implementing a single tube or pipe. 
     Any combination of bulk body geometries, number of bulk body ports or lack thereof, bulk body port function (input or output), radiating bodies or lack thereof, radiating body geometries, radiating body ports or lack thereof, and function (input or output) may be employed. 
     Various modifications and variations of the described methods and systems of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.