Abstract:
An object positioning/fixing device is capable of generating a clamping force by clamp bolts capable of being fastened manually and realizes high operability of the clamp bolts. A simple clamp mechanism comprises the clamp bolts as major components. The object positioning/fixing device has a cooperative assembly of the positioning mechanism and the clamp bolts.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an object positioning/fixing device which vertically and horizontally positions and fixes a target object on a base member, and particularly relates to a device fixing the target object by manually fastening multiple clamp bolts. 
     Heretofore, various work pallets (corresponding to the target object) for fixing the work supplied for mechaning and the work pallet positioning/fixing devices which positions and fixes the work pallets on the base members have been put into practical use. 
     For example, in the work pallet positioning/fixing device disclosed in Patent Document 1, on the base member provided are two sets of tapered sleeve type positioning mechanisms and four sets of ball lock type clamp mechanisms; and on the work pallet provided are four sets of ring members for positioning and clamping corresponding to above positioning mechanisms and clamp mechanisms, and the work pallet is horizontally and vertically positioned and clamped. 
     The clamp mechanism is driven for clamping by a laminated plate spring assembly, and driven for unclamping by the hydraulic force of the hydraulic cylinder. In the positioning/fixing device, the work pallet is positioned horizontally and vertically by a reference side positioning mechanism, and is regulated so as not to rotate around the axial center of the reference side positioning mechanism in a horizontal plane, by a positioning mechanism in diagonal relation to the reference side positioning mechanism. 
     On the other hand, in the work pallet positioning/fixing device disclosed in Patent Document 2, on the base member provided is; four sets of positioning mechanisms and ball lock type clamp mechanisms; and on the work pallet provided are four sets of ring members used for positioning and clamping corresponding to the four sets of positioning mechanisms and clamp mechanisms, with the work pallet being positioned in the horizontal and vertical directions and clamped. 
     The clamp mechanism is composed so as to be driven for clamping by the laminated plate spring assembly, and driven for unclamping by the hydraulic force of the hydraulic cylinder. 
     In each positioning mechanism, a tubular shaft having an annular tapered surface on the outer peripheral surface is provided on the base member. The ring member of the work pallet is provided with an annular engagement portion elastically deformable so as to increase its external diameter, the work pallet is mounted on the base member from above, the annular engagement portion of the ring member is engaged onto the tubular shaft, and the work pallet is horizontally positioned by elastically deforming the annular engagement portion so as to increase its external diameter to engage tightly with the annular tapered surface of the tubular shaft, by the clamping force of the clamp mechanism. 
     Patent Document #1: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No, 2001-38564; 
     Patent Document #2: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No, 2003-39264; 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     With devices of Patent Documents #1, #2, the actuator of the clamp mechanism applies a hydraulic cylinder provided therein with a laminated plate spring assembly. However, since the hydraulic cylinder becomes large, and its construction is also complex, the manufacturing cost of the pallet positioning/fixing device becomes extremely high. Therefore, in lieu of the actuator of clamp mechanism, consideration is also given to the adoption of the clamp bolts which can be manually fastened. However, with the conventional work pallet, the work is attached on the upper surface of the pallet, and in order to prevent the invasion of chips and the like, the clamp bolts should be arranged at under side of the pallet. In case of providing the clamp bolts on the base member in this manner, the construction of the clamp mechanism becomes complex, and the operability in fastening or releasing the clamp bolts deteriorates. Furthermore, such a composition which joins the conventional positioning mechanism with the clamp bolts in a cooperative manner has not yet been proposed, or realized. 
     The objective of the present invention is to provide an object positioning/fixing device capable of generating the clamping force by the clamp bolts capable of being fastened manually; and to provide an object positioning/fixing device which realizes high operability of the clamp bolts, and a simple clamp mechanism comprising the clamp bolts as major components, and to provide an object positioning/fixing device having a cooperative assembly of the positioning mechanism and the clamp bolts. 
     The present invention presents an object positioning/fixing device which accomplishes horizontal and vertical positioning and fixing of a target object on a base member, wherein: the base member comprises, a first reference member for horizontal positioning, a second reference member for regulating rotation around the first reference member in a horizontal plane and disposed in a position isolated from the first reference member, and a reference seat for vertical positioning, and wherein; the first and second reference members respectively comprise, a flange portion, and an engagement convex portion protruding upwardly from a center of the flange portion, the engagement convex portions of the first and second reference members respectively comprising a first and second tapered engagement surface whose diameter decreases upwardly, and wherein; the target object comprises multiple annular engagement members having respectively an annular engagement portion capable of deforming elastically so as to increase respective outer diameter and capable of respectively engaging tightly with the first and second tapered engagement surfaces of the first and second reference members, and wherein; the object positioning/fixing device is constituted so that, by mounting the target object on the reference seat of the base member, fastening multiple clamp bolts to multiple bolt holes on the base member side from multiple bolt pass through holes formed in the target object, and pressing the target object to the reference seat, the target object is positioned and fixed through an elastic deformation of the annular engagement portions. 
     According to the present invention, in order to fix the target object to the base member by means of multiple clamp bolts screwed into the multiple bolt holes on the base member side from multiple bolt pass through holes formed in the target object, thus the construction for clamping the target object is simplified with reducing the manufacturing cost of the target object positioning/fixing device. Since an operation (fastening/releasing; operation) for the clamp bolts from above of the target object is possible, the operability of the clamp bolts can he improved. 
     In addition to the above composition of the present invention, the following composition may also be adopted. 
     (1) The bolt holes on the base member side are respectively formed in center portions of the first and second reference members, the bolt pass through holes formed in the target object are respectively formed in portions of the target object so as to correspond to the bolt holes, the target object is mounted on the reference seat of the base member, and the clamp bolts are respectively fastened to the bolt holes formed in the first and second reference members from the bolt pass through holes. 
     According to this device, when engaging respectively the annular engagement members with the first and second reference members, since it is possible to directly fasten the clamp bolts to the first and second reference members, the clamping force efficiently acts on the center of the first and second reference members, enabling an increase in positioning precision. 
     In addition, since the clamp bolts with the first and second reference members cooperatively assembled, the first and second reference members can be utilized effectively for clamping. 
     (2) Multiple vertical center bolt pass-through holes are respectively formed in a center portion of the first and second reference members, the bolt holes on the base member side are respectively formed in portions of the base member corresponding to the center bolt pass through holes, the bolt pass through holes formed in the target object are respectively formed in portions of the target object corresponding to the center bolt pass through holes, and a pallet is mounted on the reference seat portion of the base member, and said clamp bolts are respectively fastened to said bolt holes of the base member through said center bolt pass through holes of the first and second reference members from said bolt pass-through holes. 
     According to this device, since the center bolt through holes are formed in the center of the first and second reference members, the clamp bolts are inserted though the bolt through holes of the target object and the center bolt through holes and screwed to the bolt holes on the base member side, the clamping force can effectively exerted on the center of the first and second reference members, which is advantageous in increasing positioning precision. 
     (3) in plane view, the second reference member comprises a pair of tapered engagement surfaces facing each other in a perpendicular direction with a center line connecting both axial centers of the first and second reference members. According to this device, the target object can be reliably regulated so as not to rotate around the axial center of the first reference member. 
     (4) On an upper surface of the base member formed is a reference seat for seating a lower surface of the target object. According to this device, since on the upper surface of the base member the reference seat is formed for seating the lower surface of the target object, the base member can be utilized for forming the reference seat, thereby there is no gap between the base member and the target object, making it possible to prevent the invasion of chips. 
     (5) The flange portions of the first and second reference members are fixed respectively by multiple fitting bolts in a state housed in multiple fitting holes formed in the base member, and the annular engagement members are press fit and fixed respectively into an indentation formed in the target object from a lower surface thereof. 
     According to this device, the flanges portion of the first and second reference members are fixed by multiple fitting bolts with housed in holes formed in the base member. Since the annular engagement member is press fit into an indentation formed in the target object, the large part of the upper surface of the base member is flattened, and the lower surface of the target object can be made flat. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded perspective view of the pallet positioning/fixing device of the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a plan view of the base member; 
         FIG. 3  is a bottom view of the pallet; 
         FIG. 4  is a vertical cross-sectional diagram of the pallet positioning/fixing device taken along the line IV-IV of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the first reference member; 
         FIG. 6  is a perspective view of the second reference member; 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of an annular engagement member; 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional diagram of the essential portion the first reference member and the annular engagement member; 
         FIG. 9  is an exploded perspective view of the pallet positioning/fixing device of the second embodiment; 
         FIG. 10  is a plan view of the base member; 
         FIG. 11  is a vertical cross-sectional diagram of the pallet positioning/fixing device taken along the line XI-XI of  FIG. 10 ; 
         FIG. 12  is a plan view of the base member of the pallet positioning/fixing device of the third embodiment; 
         FIG. 13  is a vertical cross-sectional diagram of the pallet positioning/fixing device; 
         FIG. 14  is a plan view of the base member of the pallet positioning/fixing device of the fourth embodiment; 
         FIG. 15  is a vertical cross-sectional diagram of the pallet positioning/fixing device; 
         FIG. 16  is a vertical cross-sectional diagram of the vise device of the fifth embodiment; 
         FIG. 17  is a plan view of the vise device of  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 18  is a vertical cross-sectional diagram of the chuck device of the sixth embodiment; 
         FIG. 19  is a front view of the chuck device of  FIG. 18 ; 
         FIG. 20  is a plan view of the base member of the pallet positioning/fixing device of the seventh embodiment; 
         FIG. 21  is a perspective view of the first reference member of the seventh embodiment, and 
         FIG. 22  is a perspective view of the second reference member of the seventh embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     An explanation will be made on the best mode for implementing the present invention based on the embodiments. Furthermore, in the following embodiments, “horizontal positioning” means to determine the position in the horizontal direction; and “vertical positioning” means to determine the position in the vertical direction. 
     Embodiment 1 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the pallet positioning/fixing device  1  (corresponding to the “object positioning/fixing device”; hereafter referred to as the “positioning/fixing device”) of Embodiment 1 positions the pallet  3  (corresponding to the “target object”; hereafter referred to as the “work pallet”) for holding one or multiple works to be supplied for mechaning on the base member  2  in the horizontal and vertical direction, and fixes the work pallet by means of the clamp bolts. 
     Base member  2  is set in a fixed state on a machine tool table or the like. On the work pallet  3  fixed are one or multiple works (not shown) by means of the clamping device or multiple bolts (not shown), the work pallet  3  is transported onto the base member  2 , and after being horizontally and vertically positioned and fixed, machining is executed to one or multiple works on the work pallet  3 . 
     The positioning/fixing device  1  comprises; the base member  2 , the work pallet  3 , and four clamp bolts. The base member  2  and the work pallet  3  are respectively composed of a rectangular thick steel flat plate member. Nearly the entire area of the upper surface of the base member  2  is formed to be the horizontal reference seat  5  (reference surface) for vertically positioning the work pallet  3 , and the base member  2  can mount the work pallet  3  with seating the lower surface thereof. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 2 , and  FIGS. 4-8 , the base member  2  comprises; a first reference member  10  for horizontal positioning, a second. reference member  20  disposed in a position isolated from the first reference member  10 , for regulating rotation around the first reference member  10  in a horizontal plane, the reference seat  5 , and a pair of bolt holes  6 . 
     The first and second reference members  10 ,  20  are disposed in the proximity of a pair of corners in the diagonal relationship of the base member  2 . The pair of bolt holes  6  are disposed in the proximity of a pair of corners (a pair of corners different from above described pair of corners) in the diagonal relationship of the base member  2 . 
     The first reference member  10  comprises; a disciform flange portion  11 , an engagement convex portion  12  protruding upward from the center of the flange portion  11 , a vertical bolt hole  13  formed in the center of the first. reference member  10 , four vertical fitting bolts  14  which fix the flange portion  11  to the base member  2  and four bolt holes  15 . The four bolt holes  15  are disposed in four positions dividing equally the circumference. The first tapered engagement surface  18  is formed so as to decrease diameter upwardly on the outer circumference of the engagement convex portion  12  of the first reference member  10 . However, the first tapered engagement surface  18  may also be composed of multiple tapered engagement surfaces intermittently formed in the peripheral direction. 
     In a state in which the flange portion  11  of the first reference member  10  is housed in the fitting hole  16  formed in the base member  2 , by respectively inserting four fitting bolts  14  into the bolt holes  15 , and screwing them into the bolt holes  17  in the base member  2 , the flange portion  11  is fixed. The upper surface of the flange portion  11  is made to be a horizontal surface slightly lower than the reference seat  5  (see  FIG. 4 ). 
     The upper half of each bolt hole  15  is formed to be a bolt head housing hole  15   a , and the lower half of each bolt hole  15  is formed to be a bolt pass through hole. The wail thickness of the wall between the peripheral surfaces of the flange portion  11  and the bolt head housing hole  15   a  is extremely small. 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 2 , and  FIG. 4-FIG .  8 , the second reference member  20  comprises; a disciform flange portion  21 , an engagement convex portion  22  protruding upwardly from the center of the flange portion  21 , the vertical bolt hole  23  formed in the center of the second reference member  20 , and four vertical fitting bolts  24  and four bolt holes  25  which fix the flange portion  21  to the base member  2 . The four bolt holes  25  are arranged same as the four bolt holes  15 . 
     In a state in which the flange portion  21  of the first reference member  20  is housed in the fitting hole  26  formed in the base member  2 , by respectively inserting four fitting bolts  24  into the bolt holes  25 , and screwing them into the bolt holes  27  in the base member  2 , the flange portion  21  is fixed. The upper surface of the flange portion  21  is made to he a horizontal surface slightly lower than the reference seat  5  (see  FIG. 4 ). 
     The upper half of each bolt hole  25  is formed to be a bolt head housing hole  25   a , and the lower half of each bolt hole  25  is formed to be a bolt pass through hole. The wall thickness of the wall between the peripheral surfaces of the flange portion  21  and the bolt head housing hole  25   a  is extremely small. 
     On the outer circumference of the engagement convex portion  22 , two second tapered engagement surfaces  28  whose diameter decreases upwardly, are formed in two positions dividing equally the circumference. In plane view, the two second tapered engagement surfaces  28  face each other in the perpendicular direction with the center line L (see  FIG. 2 ) connecting both axial centers of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20 . Since the peripheral length (arc length) of each second engagement surface  28  has approximately a ⅛th to 1/10th of circumference, elastic deformation is promoted when there is elastic deformation of the annular engagement  41  explained hereafter, and thus tight contact can be obtained between the second tapered engagement surface and the annular engagement portion  41 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 3 ,  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 8 , the work pallet  3  comprises; a first annular engagement member  30  which engages with the first reference member  10 , a second annular engagement member  40  which engages with the second reference member  20 , two bolt pass through holes  7  corresponding to the bolt holes  13 ,  23  of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20 , and two bolt pass through holes  8  which correspond to the two bolt holes  6 . 
     The first and second annular engagement members  30  and  40  are pressed and fixed by press fitting into the circular fitting indentation  9  formed in the work pallet  3 . Bolt pass through holes  7 ,  8  are formed parallel to the axial center of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20  so as to penetrate the pallet  3  in the plate thickness direction. In the upper portions of the bolt pass through holes  7 ,  8  are formed to be head housing holes  7   a .  8   a  capable of housing the heads of the clamp bolts  4 . Since the upper surface of the heads of the clamp bolts  4  is set in a position slightly lower than the upper surface of the pallet  3 , it is advantageous to set the work on the surface of the pallet  3 . Furthermore, the first annular engagement member  30  and the second annular engagement member  40  have the same construction. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 ,  FIG. 4 ,  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 8 , the first annular engagement member  30  is provided with an annular engagement portion  31  which, when it is engaged with the outer periphery of the engagement convex portion  12  of the first reference member  10  and is fastened by the fastening force of the bolt  4 , is capable of deforming elastically so as to increase its diameter, and is capable of engaging tightly with the first tapered engagement surface  18  of the engagement convex portion  12 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 3 ,  FIG. 4 , and  FIG. 7 , the second annular engagement member  40  is provided with an annular engagement portion  41  which, when it is engaged with the outer periphery of the engagement convex portion  22  of the second reference member  20  and is fastened by the fastening force of the bolt  4 , is capable of deforming elastically so as to increase its diameter and is capable of engaging tightly with the second tapered engagement surface  28  of the engagement convex portion  22 . 
     The first and second annular engagement members  30 ,  40  are fixed by press fitting into an fitting indentation  9  formed in the work pallet  3  from its lower surface. The lower surface of the first and second annular engagement members  30 ,  40  are horizontal surfaces slightly higher than the lower surface of the work pallet  3 . 
     In the first and second annular engagement members  30 ,  40 , annular grooves  32 ,  42  having opened lower ends are formed on the outer periphery of the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41 , and the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41  are constituted to be annular walls which have an appropriate horizontal rigidity, and are composed as annular walls deformable elastically in the direction of increasing diameter through annular grooves  32 ,  42 . On the outer surface portions between the two tapered engagement surfaces  28  of the second reference member  20  formed are a pair of shallow grooves  28   a  of arc shape in plan view, and the annular engagement portion  41  does not contact with the wall surface of the shallow grooves  28   a.    
     Furthermore, the forms of annular grooves  32 ,  42  are not limited it to above form, these grooves  32 ,  42  may also be composed so as to form an annular indentation having opened lower ends between the first and second annular engagement members  30 ,  40  and the wall of work pallet  3 . In this instance, the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41  may comprise appropriately rigid annular walls with moderate horizontal rigidity, which are capable of deforming elastically so as to increase their diameters via the annular indentation. 
     The work pallet  3  is mounted on the reference seat  5  of the base member  2 , and by means of respectively fastening the clamp bolts  4  to the bolt holes  13 ,  23  of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20  from the pair of bolt pass through holes  7 , the work pallet  3  is pressed onto to the reference seat  5 . Thereby, the work pallet  3  is vertically positioned., along with horizontally positioning with a high precision by means of making the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41  engage with the first and second tapered engagement surfaces  18 ,  28  through the elastic deformation toward diameter expansion of the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41 . 
     Furthermore, in an ancillary manner, two clamp bolts  4  are respectively fastened to bolt holes  6  of the base member  2  from the bolt pass through holes  8 , and by pressing the work pallet  3  against the reference seat  5 , the proximate portions of the pair of corners separated from the first and second reference members  10 ,  20  in the work pallets  3  are fixed to the base member  2 . Furthermore, the first positioning fixing mechanism  10 P for horizontally positioning and fixing is composed of a first reference member  10 , an annular engagement member  30 , and a clamp bolt  4  and the second positioning/fixing mechanism  20 P for horizontally positioning and fixing is composed of a second reference member  20 , an annular engagement member  40 , and a clamp bolt  4 . 
     Next, an explanation will be made concerning the operation and advantages of the positioning/fixing device  1 . The base member  2  is pre-set and fixed on the machine tool table. In the work preparation stage, in a state in which one or multiple works are fixed on the work pallet  3 , then the work pallet  3  is transported above the base member  2 , and mounted onto the reference seat  5  of the upper surface of the base member  2 . 
     At this time, the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41  of the annular engagement members  30 ,  40  of the work pallet  3  are lightly engaged with the engagement convex portions  12 ,  22  of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20 . In this state, the two clamp bolts  4  are inserted from the bolt pass through holes  7 , and by screwing them into the bolt holes  13 ,  23  of the engagement convex portions  12 ,  22  of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20 , the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41  elastically deform so as to increase external diameter, and are tightly engaged with and fixed to the first and second tapered engagement surfaces  18 ,  28 . Next, two clamp bolts  4  are inserted from the bolt pass through holes  8 , and by screwing them into the bolt holes  6  of the base member  2 , the proximate portions of the pair of corners of the work pallet  3  are fixed to the base member  2 . 
     The annular engagement portion  31  of the annular engagement member  30  of the work pallet  3  is horizontally positioned, with contacting with the first tapered engagement surface  18  of the engagement convex portion  12  of the first reference member  10 , and the annular engagement portion  41  of the annular engagement member  40  is regulated so as not to rotate in the horizontal plane, around the axial center of the first reference member  10 , with contacting tightly with the pair of the second tapered engagement surfaces  28  of the engagement convex portion  22 . 
     In this manner, the work pallet  3  can be horizontally and vertically positioned and fixed relative to the base member  2 . Furthermore, even in the case where, due to manufacturing errors of the work pallet  3  relative to the base member  2 , the distance between the axial centers of the annular engagement members  30 ,  40  and the distance between the axial centers of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20  are not equal, since there is an allowance for positional slippage in the direction of the center line L of the annular engagement member  40 , it is possible to position and fix the work pallet  3 . Furthermore, after fastening the bolt  4  in the bolt hole  13 , the bolt  4  is desirably fastened to the bolt hole  23 . 
     In the pallet positioning/fixing device  1 , since the four clamp bolts  4  are screwed into the bolt holes  13 ,  23 ,  6 ,  6 , and the work pallet  3  is fixed by their clamping force, there is no need to provide a hydraulic cylinder for clamping and unclamping. Since the clamping mechanism has a simple construction, a great reduction in the manufacturing cost can be achieved. Furthermore, since the clamping force can be applied from the clamp bolt  4  on the center of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20 , positioning precision can be increased. Furthermore, since the clamp bolt  4  can be inserted and operated from upper side of the work pallet  3 , the mechanism for clamping become simple in comparison with a composition which operates the clamp bolt  4  from bottom side of the work pallet  3 , and operability in the operation (fastening/releasing) of the clamp bolt  4  is improved. 
     Since the entire area of the upper surface of the base member  2  is formed to be the reference seat  5  (reference surface), and since there is no gap between the upper surface of the base member  2  and the lower surface of the work pallet  3 , there is no invasion of chips or the like. Since on the upper surface of the base member  2  the reference seat  5  is formed for seating the lower surface of the work pallet  3 , the base member  2  can be utilized to form the reference seat  5 . 
     The thickness of the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41  of the annular engagement members  30 ,  40  is set to an appropriate size, and is composed so as to elastically deform slightly toward diameter expansion by the fastening force of the clamp bolt  4 . Thereby, a relatively weak clamping force of clamp bolt  4  can deform elastically the engagement portion  31 ,  41 , the precision of horizontal positioning can be assured., enabling the tight contact of the annular engagement  31 ,  41  to the first and second tapered engagement surfaces  18 ,  28 . 
     The flanges portions  11 ,  21  of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20  are housed and fixed in the fitting hole  16  formed in the base member  2  and since the annular engagement members  30 ,  40  are press fit and fixed in the indentation formed in the work pallet  3 , with the exception of the engagement convex portions  12 ,  22 , the large parts of the upper surface of the base member  2  can be flatly formed, and the lower surface of the work pallet  3  can be flatly formed. 
     Two bolt holes  6  are formed vertically in the base member  2 , and since two bolt insertion holes  8  corresponding to the two bolt holes  6  are formed in the work pallet  3 , the respective clamp bolts  4  are inserted into the bolt insertion holes  8 , the number of fixed points of the work pallet  3  can be increased by screwing them into the bolt holes  6 . 
     Furthermore, the bolt holes  13 ,  23  are formed in the center of the first and second reference members  10 , 20 , and forming the bolt pass through holes  7  in the part of the work pallet  3  corresponding to the bolt holes  13 ,  23 , the work pallet  3  is mounted on the reference seat  5  of the base member  2 , and the clamp bolts  4  are respectively fastened to the bolt holes  13 ,  23  of the first and second reference members  10  and  20  from the bolt pass through holes  7 . Furthermore, at the time of engaging the annular engagement members  30 ,  40  with the first and second reference members  10 ,  20 , since the clamp bolts  4  can be directly fastened to the first and second reference members  10 ,  20 , the clamping force effectively acts on the center part of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20 , and the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41  engage forcibly and tightly with the first and second tapered engagement surfaces  18 ,  28 , enabling an increase in positioning accuracy. In addition, the first and second reference members  10 ,  20  can be effectively used for the generation of clamping force. 
     Here, as same with the construction shown in  FIG. 13 , explained hereafter, the bolt pass through holes (center bolt pass through holes) may be formed in lieu of the bolt holes  13 ,  23  of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20 , and bolt holes may he formed in the part of the base member  2  so as to correspond to the center bolt pass through holes. The clamp bolts  4  may also be screwed into the bolt holes of the base member  2  after passing through the center bolt pass through holes of the first and second reference members  10 ,  20 . 
     Furthermore, the work pallet  3  of the present embodiment has been explained as an example of the pallet for attaching the work. However, the pallet is not limited to the work pallet, and application may also be made for various pallets for attaching various devices, such as tools or molds. 
     Embodiment 2 
     Next, an explanation will be made concerning the pallet positioning/fixing device  1 A (corresponding to the “object positioning/fixing device”; hereafter referred to as the “positioning/fixing device”) of embodiment 2, based on  FIG. 9-FIG .  11 . However, the positioning/fixing device  1 A, as same with the positioning/fixing device of embodiment 1, is a device which positions and fixes the work pallet (corresponding to the “target object”) for holding or attaching the work to be supplied firming by the machine tool. The same numerals are appended to the same elements as in embodiment 1, their explanation will he omitted, and an explanation will be made for only those elements having a different composition. 
     The positioning/fixing device  1 A comprises; the base member  2 A, the work pallet  3 A, four clamp bolts  4 , two bolt hole formation members  50  attached to the base member  2 , and two seat forming members  30 . 
     Base member  2 A is provided with first and second reference members  10 A,  20 A. With first and second reference members  10 A,  20 A, only the lower end portion of the flange portions  11 ,  21  are pressed into the holes  16 A in the base member  2 A, and the parts of other than the lower end portions protrude upward than the upper surface of the base member  2 A. The first and second reference members  10 A,  20 A are respectively the same as the first and second reference members  10 ,  20 , and the work pallet  3 A is the same as the work pallet  3 . 
     The bolt hole forming member  50  forms the reference seat  54  and the bolt hole  53 . A pair of bolt hole forming member  50  are disposed in a pair of corners of base member  2 A opposing each other in diagonal relationship. The bolt hole forming member  50  is formed in a substantially oval-shape, and the seat convex part  51  protruding upward is formed in the center of the bolt hole forming member  50 , and this member  50  is fixed to the upper surface of the base member  2 A by a pair of bolts  52 . In the center of the seat convex part  51  formed is a vertical bolt hole  53  for screwing the clamp bolt  4 , and on the upper end surface of the seat convex part  51  formed, is an annular reference seat  54  which encompasses the bolt hole  53 . The bolt hole  53  is disposed in a position corresponding to the bolt pass through hole  8  of the work pallet  3 A. The reference seat  54  is provided in the position slightly higher than the upper surface of flange portions  11 ,  21  of the first and second reference members  10 A,  20 A. 
     The seat forming member  60  forms the reference seat  63 . A pair of the seat forming members  60  is disposed on a pair of corners (a pair of corners which differs from the pair of corners provided with the bolt hole forming members  50 ) in a diagonal relationship with base member  2 A. One seat forming member  60  is disposed in a position closely proximate to the first reference member  10 A, and the other seat forming member  60  is disposed in a position closely proximate to the second reference member  20 A. 
     The seat forming member  60  has an elongated shape and the seat convex part  61  protrudes in the center of the seat forming member  60 , and is fixed on the upper surface of the base member  2 A by a pair of bolts  62 . On the upper end surface of the seat convex part  61  formed is a circular reference seat  63  positioned at the same height as that of the reference seat  54 . The pair of reference seats  54  and the pair of reference seats  63  correspond to the reference seat for vertically positioning the work pallet  3 A. 
     The pallet positioning/fixing device  1 A fundamentally presents the same operation and advantages as the pallet positioning/fixing device of embodiment 1. Furthermore, since the bolt hole formation member  50  is fixed on the upper surface of the base member  2 A and reference seats  54 ,  63  are formed on the bolt hole forming members  50  and the seat forming members  60 , since there is no need to increase the plane surface precision of the upper surface of the base member  2 A, production cost of the base member  2 A can be reduced. Furthermore, since the entire area of the reference seats  54 ,  63  is small, the area of air blowing and cleaning the reference seats  54 ,  63  is small, and air blowing is easily accomplished. 
     Here, in the same manner as with the construction shown in.  FIG. 13 , explained hereafter, bolt through holes (center bolt through holes) may be formed in lieu of the bolt holes  13 ,  23  of the first and second reference members  10 A,  20 A. A composition may also he accomplished in which, bolt holes are formed in part of the base member  2 A corresponding to the area immediately below the center bolt through holes, the clamp bolts  4  pass through the center bolt through hole of the first and second reference members  10 A,  20 A, following which they are screwed into the bolt holes of the base member  2 . 
     Furthermore, the work pallet  3  of the present embodiment is explained as an example of the pallet for attaching the work. However, the pallet is not limited to the work pallet, but application may be made for various pallets for attaching various devices, such as tools or molds. 
     Embodiment 3 
     Next, an explanation will be made concerning the pallet positioning/fixing device  1 B of embodiment 3 (corresponding to the “object positioning/fixing device”; hereafter referred to as the “positioning/fixing device”) based on  FIG. 12  and  FIG. 13 . The positioning/fixing device IB, is a device which positions and fixes the pallet  3 B (corresponding to the “target object”) to the base member  2 B as the cutting blade support pedestal for holding cutting tools in machine tools such as a lathe or the like, or other tools, products or work. Also, an explanation is omitted for such elements having numerals which are the same as for the same elements as in the first embodiment, and an explanation will be made only for different compositions. 
     The positioning/fixing device  1 B comprises; the base member  2 B, the pallet  3 B, and two clamp bolts  4 B. The base member  2 B and the pallet  3 B are respectively composed with the thick steel plate member having a elongated rectangular shape. The entire area of the upper surface of the base member  2 B is formed to he the horizontal reference seat  5 B for vertical positioning with seating the lower surface of the pallet  3 B. 
     As shown in  FIG. 12  and.  FIG. 13 , base member  2 B comprises; a first reference member  10 B, a second reference member  20 B disposed in a position isolated from the first reference member  10 B and for regulating rotation in the horizontal plane around the axial center of the first reference member  10 B, the reference seat  5 B, and a pair of bolt holes  70 . The first and second reference members  10 B,  20 B are respectively disposed in the proximity of both ends of the base member  2 B, and the pair of bolt holes  70  are formed in parts of the base member  2 B corresponding to the center bolt pass through holes  13 B,  23 B of the first and second reference members  10 B,  20 B, explained hereafter. However, in the case where the base member  2 B has a rectangular shape or a square shape as same with base member  2  of embodiment 1, the first and second reference members  10 B,  20 B are disposed to be the same as the positioning/fixing device of embodiment 1. 
     Since the first reference member  10 B, other than having the formation of the vertical center bolt pass through holes  13 B formed in the center of the first reference member  10 B in lieu of the bolt hole  13 B of embodiment 1, has the same composition as the first reference member  10  of embodiment 1, an explanation of other compositions is omitted. The vertical bolt hole  70  is formed in the lower wall of the base member  2 B corresponding to the center of the fitting hole  16  which houses the flange portion  11  of the first reference member  10 B. 
     Since the second reference member  20 B, other than the formation of the vertical center bolt pass through hole  23 B formed in the center of the second reference member  20 B in lieu of the bolt hole  23  of embodiment 1, has the same composition as the second reference member  20  of embodiment 1, an explanation of other compositions is omitted. The bolt hole  70  is formed in the lower wall of the base member  2 B corresponding to the center of the fitting hole  26  which houses the flange portion  21  of the second reference member  20 B. Two second tapered engagement surfaces  28  on outer periphery of the engagement convex portion  22  face each other in the direction perpendicular to the center line L (see  FIG. 12 ) connecting both axial centers of the first and second reference members  10 B,  20 B in the plan view. 
     The pallet  3 B comprises; a first annular engagement member  30 B which engages with the first reference member  10 B, a second annular engagement member  40 B which engages with the second reference member  20 B, and two bolt pass through holes  7  corresponding to the first bolt pass through holes  13 B,  23 B of the first and second reference members  10 B,  20 B. Furthermore, in the upper part of the bolt pass through hole  7  is formed to be the head housing hole  7   a  which houses the bolt head of the clamp bolt  4 B, and in a state in which the clamp bolt  4 B is fastened, the upper surface of the bolt head is positioned slightly lower than the upper surface of the pallet  3 B. Furthermore, the first annular engagement member  30 B and second annular engagement member  40 B have the same construction. 
     The pallet  3 B is mounted on the reference seat  5 B of the base member  2 B, and by inserting the clamp bolts  4 B into the center bolt pass through holes  13 B,  23 B from the bolt pass through holes  7 , and respectively fastening them to bolt holes  70  of the base member  2 B and pressing the pallet  3 B to the reference seat  5 B, the pallet  3 B is positioned and fixed by contacting the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41  to the first and second tapered engagement surfaces  18 ,  28  though the, elastic deformation of the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41 . 
     When the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41  are contacted tightly to the first and second tapered engagement surfaces  18 ,  28 , the second annular engagement member  40 B can move slightly in the lateral direction (left to right direction in  FIG. 12  relative to base member  2 B, through the pair of shallow grooves  28   a . However, the second annular engagement member  40 B can not move in the vertical direction in  FIG. 12  through the pair of second tapered engagement surfaces  28 . Thereby, even if there is a manufacturing error between the distance between the axial centers of the first and second reference members  10 B,  20 B of the base member  21 B and the distance between the axial centers of the first and second annular engagement members  30 B,  40 B, the pallet  3 B can he positioned accurately and fixed relative to the base member  2 B through the first and second reference members  10 B,  20 B. 
     The pallet positioning/fixing device  1 B explained above fundamentally presents the same action and advantages as the pallet positioning/fixing device  1  of embodiment 1. 
     Furthermore, the vertical center bolt pass through holes  13 B,  23 B are formed in the center of the first and second reference members  10 B,  20 B, multiple bolt holes  70  are formed in part of the base member  2 B corresponding to the center bolt pass through holes  13 B,  23 B, multiple bolt pass through holes  7  are formed in part of the pallet  3 B corresponding to the center bolt pass through holes  13 B,  23 B, after mounting the pallet  3 B on the reference seat  5 B of the base member  2 B, by means of inserting multiple clamp bolts  4 B into the center bolt pass through holes  13 B,  23 B from the bolt pass through holes  7 , the multiple clamp bolts  4 B can he respectively fastened to the bolt holes  70  of the base member  2 B. 
     Furthermore, the first positioning and fixing mechanism  10 Q which conducts horizontal positioning and fixing is constituted with a first reference member  10 B, an annular engagement member  30 B and a bolt  4 B. The second positioning and fixing mechanism  20 Q which conducts horizontal positioning and fixing is constituted with a second reference member  20 B, an annular engagement member  40 B and a bolt  4 B. 
     Furthermore, the clamp bolts  4 B are inserted into the center bolt pass through holes  13 B,  23 B of the first and second reference members  10 B,  20 B and directly fastened to the base member  2 B. Since the pallet  3 B is positioned and fixed to the base member  2 B, there is no need for the first and second reference members  10 B,  20 B to be firmly fixed to the base member  2 B, making it possible to reduce the number of multiple attachment, bolts  14 ,  24 , and by making the fitting bolts slender and reducing the diameter of the flange portions  11 ,  21 , it is possible to reduce the production cost. 
     However, as same with the first and second embodiments, a composition may also be adopted in which the bolt hole is formed in the center of the first and second reference members  10 B,  20 B, and the clamp bolts are screwed into these bolt holes. 
     Furthermore, a positioning/fixing composition may also be adopted in which a pair of annular engagement members  3 DB is disposed with a specified interval A therebetween in the pallet  3 B, and, on the base member  2 B, three or more first reference members  10 B are provided in series with keeping the specified interval A, and a pair of annular engagement members  30 B on the pallet  3 B are engaged with adjacent two first reference members  10 B selectively. In this case, the position of the pallet  3 B can be switched to multiple positions. With the pallet  3 B, there are instances of composing in other than the thick plate form, such as in a cuboid shape in addition, mechanisms for attaching/removing the cutting tools and various other mechanisms, may also be included on the pallet  3 B. 
     Embodiment 4 
     Next, an explanation will be made concerning the pallet positioning/fixing device  1 C (corresponding to the “object positioning/fixing device”; hereafter referred to as the “positioning/fixing device”) of embodiment 4, based on  FIG. 14  and  FIG. 15 . The positioning/fixing device  1 C is a device which positions and fixes the pallet  3 C (corresponding to the “target object”) on the base member  2 C applied to the same use as pallet  3 B of embodiment 3. However, the same numerals are appended to the same elements as for embodiment 1; hence their explanation is omitted, and an explanation is given for only those elements having a different composition. 
     The positioning fixing device  1 C comprises; the base member  2 C, a pallet  3 C, and two clamp bolts  4 C. The base member  2 C and pallet  3 C are respectively composed with a oblong thick plate member. The entire area of the upper surface of the base member  2 C is formed to be the horizontal reference seat  5 C for vertical positioning for seating the lower surface of the pallet  3 C. 
     As shown in  FIG. 14  and  FIG. 15 , the base member  2 C comprises; a first reference member  10 C for horizontal positioning, a second reference member  20 C for rotational regulation around the axial center of the first reference member  10 C in the horizontal plane and disposed in a position isolated from the first reference member  10 C, the reference seat  5 C, and the pair of bolt holes  71 . The first and second reference members  10 C,  20 C are respectively disposed in positions proximate to both ends of the base member  2 C. The pair of bolt holes  71  are formed at both ends of the base member  2 C on the outer side than the first and second reference members  10 C,  20 C. Furthermore, if the base member  2 C has a rectangular shape such as that of base member  2  of the first embodiment, or a square shape, the first and second reference members  10 C,  20 C are disposed to be the same as the positioning/fixing device  1  of embodiment 1. 
     Since the first reference member  10 C, other than being provided with the vertical hole  13 C formed in the center of the first reference member  10 C in lieu of the bolt hole  13  of embodiment 1, has the same composition as the first reference member  10  of embodiment 1, the explanation of other compositions is omitted. Furthermore, the hole  13 C may also be omitted. 
     Since the second reference member  20 C, other than being provided with the vertical hole  23 C formed in the center of the second reference member  20 C in lieu of the bolt hole  23  of embodiment 1, has the same composition as the second reference member  20  of embodiment 1, the explanation of other compositions is omitted. Furthermore, the hole  23 C may also be omitted. 
     Pallet  3 C comprises; a first annular engagement member  30 C which engages with the first reference member  10 C, a second annular engagement member  40 C which engages with the second reference member  20 C, and two bolt pass through holes  72  corresponding to the bolt hole  71  of the base member  2 C. On the upper part of the bolt pass through hole  72  is formed to be a head housing hole  72   a  which houses the bolt head of the clamp bolt  4 C. In a state in which the clamp bolt  4 C is fastened, the upper surface of the bolt head is positioned slightly lower than the upper surface of the pallet  3 C. Furthermore, the first annular engagement member  30 C and the second annular engagement member  40 C have the same construction. 
     The pallet  3 C is mounted on the reference seat SC of the base member  20 , and by respectively fastening the pair of clamp bolts  4 C to the bolt holes  71  of the base member  20  from the bolt pass through holes  72 , and by pressing the pallet  3 C to the reference seat  5 C, the pallet  3 C is positioned and fixed by contacting tightly the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41  to the first and second tapered engagement surfaces  18 ,  28  through the elastic deformation of the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41 . 
     When the annular engagements portions  31 ,  41  contact with the first and second tapered engagement surfaces  18 ,  28 , the annular engagement member  40 C can move slightly relative to the base member  2 C in the lateral direction in  FIG. 14  through the pair of shallow grooves  28   a . However, the vertical movement in  FIG. 14  via the pair of second tapered engagement surfaces  28  is not possible. Thereby, even if there is a manufacturing error between the distance between the axial centers of the first and second reference members  10 C and  20 C of the base member  2 C and the distance between the axial centers of the first and second annular engagement members  30 C,  40 C of the pallet  3 C, the pallet  3 C can be positioned and fixed relative to the base member  2 C through the first and second reference members  10 C,  20 C. 
     Furthermore, the first positioning/fixing mechanism  10 R for horizontal positioning and fixing, is composed of the first reference member  10 C, an annular engagement member  30 C, the bolt  4 C, and the bolt hole  71 . The second positioning/fixing mechanism  20 R for horizontal positioning and fixing is composed of the second reference member  20 C, an annular engagement member  40 C, the bolt  4 C and the bolt hole  71 . 
     The pallet positioning/fixing device  1 C explained above basically presents the same action and advantages as the pallet positioning/fixing device of embodiment 1. Furthermore, the pair of bolt holes  71  are formed in the base member  2 C on the outer part than the first and second reference members  10 C,  20 C, and since the pair of bolt pass through holes  72  are thrilled on parts of the pallet  3 C corresponding to the pair of bolt holes  71 , the construction of the first and second reference members  10 C,  20 C can be simplified. 
     Furthermore, a positioning and fixing composition may also be adopted in which a pair of annular engagement members  30 C is disposed with a specified interval A therebetween in the pallet  3 C, and, on the base member  2 C, three or more first reference members  10 C are provided in series with keeping the specified interval A, and a pair of annular engagement members  30 C on the pallet  3 B are engaged with adjacent two first reference members  10 C selectively. In this ease, the position of the pallet  3 C can be switched to multiple positions. With the pallet  3 C, there are instances of composing in other than the thick plate form, such as in a cuboid shape. In addition, mechanisms for attaching/removing the cutting tools and various other mechanisms, may also be included on the pallet  3 C. 
     Embodiment 5 
     Next, an explanation will be made concerning the vise device  80  (corresponding to the “object positioning/fixing device”; hereafter referred to as “positioning/fixing device”), based on  FIG. 16  and FIG,  17 . The vise device  80  is a device for clamping the work to be supplied to the mechaning with the machine tool. Furthermore, the same elements as those of embodiment 1 are given the same numerals, and their explanation is omitted. 
     The vise device  80  comprises; a vise main body  81 , a pair of movable members  82  (corresponding to the “base member”), a pair of claw members  83  (corresponding to the “target object”) positioned and fixed to the movable member  82 , a hydraulic cylinder  84  provided within the vise main body  81 , and a driving member  85  attached to the front end of the output rod  86   b  of the piston member  86  of the hydraulic cylinder  84 , and the like. 
     The vise device  80 , in the same manner as with general vise devices, drives the pair of claw members  83  so as to close mutually and clamps the work W by means of the hydraulic cylinder  84 . On the upper end of the vise main body  81  formed is a pair of T grooves  81   a  positioned on both sides of the driving member  85 . A leg  82   a  of the movable member  82  is formed to he a leg having the cross-section of a cross shape slidably engaged in the T groove  81   a.    
     The driving member  85  has a trapezoidal shape in front view, as shown in the drawing, and the lateral side surfaces are formed to be inclinations inclined approximately 20-30° relative to the vertical plane so as to mutually approach upwardly. The T groove  85   a  having a T shape cross section is formed at the end of each inclination. The inside end of each movable member  82  is formed to be inclination parallel with the opposing T grooves  85   a , and each inclination has a T shape engagement which slidably engages with the corresponding T groove  85   a.    
     The hydraulic cylinder  84  comprises; a vertical cylinder bore  84   a , a piston member  86  which includes a piston  86   a  fitted in the cylinder bore  84   a  and an output rod  86   h , a closure member  87  which closes the lower end of the cylinder bore  86   a , a clamp oil chamber  88  formed above the piston  86   a  within the cylinder bore  84   a  and a unclamp oil chamber  89  formed below the piston  86   a , and an oil passage  88   a  communicating with the clamp oil chamber  88  formed within the vise main body  81  and an oil passage  89   a  communicating with the unclamp oil chamber  89 . 
     The oil passage  88   a ,  89   a  are connected to a pressurized oil supply device (not shown), to selectively supply pressurized oil to one of either the clamp oil chamber  88  or the unclamp oil chamber  89  from the pressurized oil supply device; and pressurized oil can be selectively extracted from the other of the clamp oil chamber  88  or the unclamp oil chamber  89 . In the center of the piston member  86  formed is a bolt pass through hole  91  into which the bolt  90  is inserted, and the driving member  85  is fixed to the piston member  86  by the bolt  90  inserted into the bolt pass through hole  91 . 
     Thus, when pressurized oil is supplied to the clamp oil chamber  88 , and the pressurized oil is released from the unclamp oil chamber  89 , the driving member  85  descends, and the pair of movable members  82  are driven for clamping to mutually approach through the T shaped grooves  85   a  and T shaped engagements  82   b , enabling the work W to be clamped. Conversely, by supplying the pressurized oil to the unclamp chamber  89 , and releasing the pressurized oil from the clamp oil chamber  88 , the driving member  85  is raised, and the pair of movable members  82  are driven to unclamp so as to mutually separate through the T grooves  85   a  and the T shape engagements  82   b.    
     Next, an explanation will be made concerning the mechanism for positioning and fixing the claw member  83  to the movable member  82 . The pair of claw members  83  are symmetrically composed relative to the center line C of the hydraulic cylinder  84 . Therefore, an explanation will be made concerning the mechanism for positioning and fixing the right side claw member  83  relative to the movable member  82 . The movable member  82  comprises; a horizontal reference seat SD formed for vertically positioning the claw member  83 , a first reference member  10 D for horizontally positioning the claw member  83  relative to the movable member  82 , and a second reference member  20 D for regulating the rotation of the claw member  83  in the horizontal plane, around the axial center of the first reference member  10 D. 
     The first and second reference members  10 D,  20 D comprise respectively; the flange portions  11 D,  21 D housed in the indentation formed in the movable member  82 , and the engagement convex portions  12 ,  22  formed integrally with flange portions  11 D,  21 D and protruding upward than the upper surface of the movable member  82 . The engagement convex portions  12 ,  22  are provided with the first and second tapered engagement surfaces (numerals are not shown) whose diameter decreases upwardly. The flange portions  11 D,  21 D are formed from a pair of trapezoidal extending portions extending to both sides of the engagement convex portions  12 ,  22 , and the pair of extending portions are fixed to the movable member  82  by a pair of bolts  14 ,  24 . In the center of the engagement convex portions  12 ,  22  formed are bolt holes  13 ,  23  into which clamp bolts  4 D are screwed. Furthermore, the first and second tapered engagement surfaces are the same as the first and second tapered engagement surfaces  18 ,  28  of embodiment 1. 
     Annular engagement members  30 , 40  corresponding to the engagement convex portions  12 ,  22  of the first and second reference members  10 D,  20 D are press fit and fixed to claw member  83 . 
     The annular engagement members  30 , 40  comprise; respectively, annular engagement portions  31 , 41  capable of deforming elastically so as to increase their diameter and capable of contacting with the first and second tapered engagement surfaces of the first and second reference members  10 D,  20 D, when the annular engagement members  30 , 40  are fastened the bolts  4 D, and annular grooves  32 , 42  surrounding the outer periphery of annular engagement portions  31 , 41 . In the claw  83  formed are bolt pass through holes  7 D,  7 D corresponding to the bolt holes  13 ,  23 , and two thirds of the upper part of the bolt through holes  7 D,  7 D are firmed to be capable of housing the head of the clamp bolts  4 D. 
     By respectively inserting a pair of clamp bolts  4 D into the bolt pass through holes  7 D,  7 D, and fastening them to bolt holes  13 ,  23 , the bottom surface of the claw member  83  contacts tightly against to the reference seat  5 D, along with which the claw member  83  can be positioned and fixed with high precision through elastic deformation in the direction of diameter increase of the annular engagement portions  31 ,  41 . 
     Furthermore, the first positioning/fixing mechanism  10 P for accomplishing horizontal positioning and fixing is composed with a first reference member  10 D, an annular engagement member  30  and a clamp bolt  4 D. A second positioning f fixing mechanism  20 P for regulating the rotation in the horizontal plane around the axial center of first positioning r fixing mechanism  10 P and for positioning positioning horizontally. The first and second positioning/fixing mechanisms  10 P,  20 P are the same as the first and second positioning/fixing mechanisms  10 P,  20 P of embodiment 1. 
     In the vise device  80  explained above, work. W is clamped with using the pair of claw members  83  exchanged so as to correspond to the size or shape of the work W. At this time, if positioning errors of the claw member  83  increase relative to the movable member  82 , then the clamping force acting on the work W becomes excessive or acts on the narrow section of the work W. Thereby, there is possibility of reducing the machining precision of the work W. However, in the vise device  80 , since the claw member  83  can he positioned and fixed with high precision on the movable member  82 , the clamping force acting on the work is stabilized, assuring the mechaning precision of the work W. 
     Embodiment 6 
     Next an explanation will be made concerning the chuck device  100  (corresponding to the “object positioning/fixing device”, hereafter referred to as “positioning/fixing device”) based on  FIG. 18  and  FIG. 19 . 
     The chuck device  100  is a device provided at the front end of the main shaft of a lathe, and fixedly supports the work supplied for machining. The chuck device  100  comprises; a shaft front end member  101  composing the front end of the main shaft of the lathe, three movable members  102  (corresponding to the “base members”) which are radially freely slidable on the front end of the shaft front end member  101 , three claw members  103  (corresponding to the “target object”) for respectively positioned and fixed to the three movable members  102 , a driving member  104  fixed to the front end of the rod member  106 , an annular member  105  which is screwed and externally fitted to the driving member  104  and a driving means (not shown) which drives the rod member  106  forward and backward. 
     On the periphery of the annular member  105  formed are inclined T grooves  105   a  corresponding to three movable members  102 , and on the inside end of each movable member  102  formed is the T shaped engagement  102   a  which freely and slidably engages with the inclined T groove  105   a . Three movable members  102  are composed to be radially drivable with the driving member  104  which is driven horizontally forward and backward through the rod member  106 , by the driving means. 
     Furthermore, each movable member  102  is composed to be radially movable through a dove tail groove engagement which includes a dove tail groove  101   a  formed in the shaft front end member  101 . The outer surface (surface facing on the claw member  10 ) of each movable member  102  abuts the inner surface (surface facing on the movable member  102 ) of the claw member  103 , and is formed to be a reference seat for positioning the claw member  103  in the horizontal direction. 
     Since a composition other than a positioning and fixing mechanism which positions and fixes each claw member  103  to the movable member  102  is the same as a general chuck device, a detailed explanation thereof is omitted. Also, since first and second positioning fixing mechanisms  10 P,  20 P which position and fix the claw member  103  to the movable member  102  have the same construction as the first and second positioning fixing mechanisms  10 P,  20 P of embodiment 5, the same numerals are appended as those of embodiment 5, and an explanation thereof is omitted. Since the chuck device  100  presents the same advantages as the vise device  80  of embodiment 5, its explanation is omitted. 
     Additionally, in the present embodiment, the vertical direction parallel with the outer surface of the movable member  102  corresponds to the “horizontal direction” in the relation with Claims; and the direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the movable member  102  corresponds to the “vertical direction” in relation with Claims. 
     Embodiment 7 
     An explanation will be made concerning the pallet positioning/fixing device  1 X, (corresponding to the “object positioning/fixing device”) of embodiment 7 which partially changes the pallet positioning/fixing device of embodiment 1, based on  FIG. 20  to  FIG. 22 . Also, the same numerals are appended with regard to compositions same as embodiment 1, and an explanation will be made only for compositions which are different from embodiment 1.  FIG. 20  is a diagram corresponding to  FIG. 2 ,  FIG. 21  is a diagram corresponding to  FIG. 5 , and  FIG. 22  is a diagram corresponding to  FIG. 6 . 
     In the pallet positioning/fixing device  1 X, the flange portion  11 X of the first reference member  10 X is fixed to the base member  2 X by four bolts  14 . The bolt head housing hole  15   a  of the bolt hole  15  for fitting each bolt  14 , in the plan view, is formed (see  FIG. 20 ,  FIG. 21 ) in a state which partially overlaps the tapered engagement convex portion  12 . 
     Approximately a ⅓ portion of the diameter of the bolt head housing hole  15   a , in the plan view, partially overlaps with the tapered engagement convex portion. The wall thickness of the wall between the external peripheral surface of the flange portion  11  and the bolt head housing hole  15   a  is extremely small. Thereby, the flange portion  11  can be given the smallest possible diameter, the first reference member  10 X is miniaturized, and the production cost can be reduced. 
     On the outer circumference of the tapered engagement convex part  12 , four tapered engagement surfaces  18  having a diameter decreasing upwardly and formed between the adjacent bolt head housing hole  15   a , are formed in four positions dividing equally the circumstance. Each tapered engagement surface  18  has a circumferential length (arc length) of an approximate ⅛ circumference. Thereby, elastic deformation of the annular engagement portion ( 31 ) is promoted when elastically deforming toward the direction of increasing diameter, and enables an increase in the tight contact between the tapered engagement surface  18  and the annular engagement portion ( 31 ) of the first annular engagement member ( 30 ). 
     The flange portion  21 X of the second reference member  20 X is fixed to the base member  2 X by four bolts  24 . The bolt head housing hole  25   a  of the bolt hole  25  for inserting the bolt  24  is formed in a state in which, in the plan view, the bolt head housing hole  25   a  of the bolt hole  25  partially overlaps with the tapered engagement convex portion  22 . 
     Approximately a ⅓ part of the diameter of the bolt head housing hole  25   a , in the plan view, partially overlaps with the tapered engagement convex portion  22 . The wall thickness of the wall between the outside peripheral surface of the flange portion  21 X and the bolt head housing hole  25   a  is extremely small. Thereby, the flange  21 X is given a small diameter, and the second reference member  20 X is miniaturized, enabling a reduction in production cost. 
     On the outer circumference of the tapered engagement convex portion  22 , two tapered engagement surfaces  28 , whose diameters decrease upwardly, and which are formed between both of the adjacent bolt head housing holes  25   a , are formed two positions dividing equally the circumference. The two tapered engagement surfaces  28 , in  FIG. 20 , face in the direction perpendicular to the centerline L connecting the axial centers of the first and second reference members  10 X,  20 X. The circumferential length of each tapered engagement surface  28  is an approximate ⅛ circumference. Thereby, elastic deformation of the annular engagement portion ( 41 ) of the second annular engagement member ( 40 ) is promoted when elastically deforming toward increasing diameter, enabling an increase in the tight contact between the tapered engagement surface  28  and the annular engagement portion ( 41 ). Furthermore, the first and second reference members  10 X, 20 X can naturally be applied in the same manner to the first and second reference members of embodiments 2-7. 
     Next, an explanation will be made concerning an example of partially changing above described embodiments. 
     [1] As work pallets  3 , 3 A, various constructions may be applied. For example, such a construction of the work pallet may be applicable, in which a angular tube member is erected on a flat plate member same as the work pallet  3 , and multiple works may be fitted on multiple side surfaces of the angular tube member  1 . 
     [2] The number of bolts  14  for fixing flange portion  11  of the first reference members  10 ,  10 A- 10 C is not limited to four, but 2, 3, or 5 or more bolts may be used. The same can be said with respect to the second reference members  20 ,  20 A- 20 C. 
     [3] Embodiment 5 has been explained, as an example of the vise device provided with the pair of claw members. However, it is also possible to apply the present invention to the chuck device having three claw members on the periphery in equal circumferential interval, and one skilled in the art would be able to execute and add various changes to above described embodiments without deviating from the spirit of the present invention. 
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     The object positioning/fixing device according to the present invention, in the technology fields of work pallets, vise devices and chuck devices and the like, can be applied to various mechanisms for positioning and fixing target objects on the base member. 
     DESCRIPTION OF NUMERALS 
     
         
           1 ,  1 A,  1 B  1 C pallet positioning/fixing device 
           2 ,  2 A- 2 C base member 
           3 ,  3 A work pallet 
           3 C,  3 D work pallet 
           4 ,  4 B,  4 C,  4 D clamp bolt 
           5 ,  5 B,  5 C,  5 D reference seat 
           6  bolt hole 
           7 ,  8  bolt pass through hole 
           10 - 10 D,  10 X first reference member 
           20 - 20 D,  20 X second reference member 
           11 ,  11 D,  11 X,  21 ,  21 D,  21 X flange portion 
           12 ,  22  engagement convex part 
           13 ,  23  bolt hole 
           13 B,  23 B pass through hole 
           14 ,  24  fitting bolt 
           15 ,  25  bolt hole 
           18 ,  28  first and second tapered engagement surface 
           30 ,  40  annular engagement member 
           31 ,  41  annular engagement portion 
           50  bolt hole forming member 
           60  seat forming member 
           54 ,  63  reference seat 
           70 ,  71  bolt bole 
           72  bolt pass through hole 
           80  vise device 
           82  movable member 
           83  claw member 
           100  chuck device 
           102  movable member 
           103  claw member