Abstract:
A process for reducing the haze of extrusions of clear polymeric blends containing styrene-butadiene copolymer and a polymer immiscible therewith. An assembly of extrusion layers in which a layer of clear polymeric blends containing styrene/butadiene copolymer and a polymer immiscible therewith is overlayered with layers of clear material that provides a smooth extruded surface.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The invention relates to blends of polymers that exhibit surface roughness when sheet-like extrusions are produced. In one of its aspects the invention relates to processes for the extrusion of blends of styrene/butadiene polymers with polymers that are immiscible with the styrene/butadiene polymers. In another of its aspects the invention relates to the production of multi-layered extrusions. In yet another aspect of the invention it relates to providing a smooth overcoating layer to a rough surface of an extruded blend of styrene/butadiene polymers blended with polymers that are immiscible with the styrene/butadiene polymers.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Blends of styrene/butadiene copolymers with polymers immiscible therewith often exhibit roughness on the surface of sheet-like extrusions made with the blends. For a blend formulation that would normally produce a transparent product the rough surface results in an increase in the haze of the extruded material. An invention that can remedy the production of a rough surface on extruded sheet-like material can be of real value by allowing the utilization of the extruded blends of immiscible polymers in a full range of uses for which a hazy appearance would be a drawback.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    It is an object of this invention is to provide a process by which the production of a rough surface by extrusion of blended polymers can be remedied.  
           [0004]    Another object of this invention is to at least partially decrease the haze for extrudates of blends of butadiene/styrene polymers with polymers that are immiscible with these polymers.  
           [0005]    A further object of this invention is to provide a multi-layered extrusion having an internal portion that is a blend of immiscible polymers and surfaces of polymer that on extrusion provides a smooth surface.  
           [0006]    The invention is a process for providing a smooth surface for a rough surfaced, polymer blend extrudate thereby allowing utilization of an extrudate of the polymers for uses in which a hazy appearance is unwelcome. The present invention overcomes the production of a rough surface by overcoating what would normally be the surface of the extrusion of the blended material with a layer of extruded material that results in the production of a smoother surface thereby providing an extruded product that has less haze than would be evidenced by the surface of the blended material without the added layer of smoother surfaced polymer.  
           [0007]    Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description and the appended claims.  
         DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    The polymers of concern in this invention are those that when blended with other polymers provide a blend that can normally produce a transparent product when molded by a process other than extrusion into sheet-like product but which upon extrusion into sheets is subject to be produced with a surfaces sufficiently rough that the haze of the material is increased. For the purposes of this disclosure the term “sheet-like” means any extrusion in a form that has little thickness in relation to its length and width, as in a sheet, profile or film. Among the blends for which this invention is provided, but not limited thereto, are blends of K-Resin, styrene/butadiene block copolymers of 75 weight percent styrene and 25 weight percent butadiene based on the total weight of the block copolymer, which is available from Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Okla. (U.S.A.). These styrene/butadiene copolymers when blended with polymers with which they are immiscible, such as styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymers; styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers; copolymers of poly(ethylene terephthalate), particularly amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate), and styrene/maleic anhydride copolymers produce blends that on injection molding have low haze but when extruded into sheet-like product have haze that is sufficient to be considered a problem. The haze is the result of surface roughness of the extruded blends.  
           [0009]    In the process of the present invention a polymer blend, such as a blend of K-Resin with one of the polymers with which is immiscible listed above, is processed by extrusion into a sheet-like core layer while concurrently a polymer that extrudes with a smooth surface is extruded as cap layers onto the surfaces of the core layer so that while the layers of extrudate are still molten they are pressed together, as by passing between rollers, so that the layers are united as they cool, as by passing between cooling rollers, from the molten state to form a single sheet of extrudate having surface roughness that is at least improved as compared to the surfaces of the core layer thereby providing an extrudate with better haze than the core layer would have exhibited.  
           [0010]    Although any polymer that produces a smooth surface on extrusion, particularly extrusion as a sheet, and is compatible with the polymers of the core layer can be used as the polymer for the extrusion of the cap layers, the use of one of the polymers that makes up the blend used in the core layer is preferred. Similarly, although the polymers making up the blend can each be used separately on opposite surfaces of the core layer, the use of the same polymer on both surfaces is preferred so that the resulting surface on each side of the final extrudate product can be more nearly the same.  
           [0011]    The core layer can be a single layer of extrudate or can be formed from multiple simultaneous extrusions. The art is well aware of techniques for multiple simultaneous extrusions to accommodate both more than one layer being used to form the core layer and the simultaneous extrusion of the cap layers with the core layer or core layers. It is also within the knowledge of the art to control the thickness of the extrusions so that the core layer can be made very thick in comparison to the cap layers thereby taking better advantage of the physical characteristics of the blend.  
           [0012]    The following examples are presented to further illustrate this invention and are not to be construed as unduly limiting its scope.  
       
    
    
     Example I  
       [0013]    This example illustrates the improvement in haze achieved by providing a layered structure of a core layer of polymer blend sandwiched between two cap layers of polymer that extrudes with a smooth surface as compared to the haze of an uncapped core layer of the same blended material.  
         [0014]    A styrene/butadiene block copolymer designated KRO3, commercially available from Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville, Okla. (U.S.A.) was mixed with a styrene/methyl methacrylate copolymer (SMMA) under the name NAS-21, commercially available from Novacor Chemicals, in amounts to provide three blends of 20, 35 and 50 percent by weight SMMA and 80, 65 and 50 percent by weight KRO3, respectively. These blends were subjected to molding in an injection molding machine and were extruded into test sheets. Both the injection molded samples and the extruded test sheets were tested using to determine haze. The results of the tests are reported in the tables below.  
                                                           TABLE I                           Injection Molding                Blend   1   2   3                            KRO3 %   80   65   50           SMMA %   20   35   50           Haze   1.40   1.18   1.32                      
 
         [0015]    This table shows the acceptable levels of haze of the three blends tested. The results can be compared with the levels of haze of the extruded samples set out below.  
         [0016]    For the purpose of this example set out in Table II below the sheet thickness of the extrudates was held constant at 25 mils. For samples containing cap layers the A thickness was set at one mil and the B thickness was set at 23 mils. In the table the structure of the sample is presented by the letter “A” which indicates the cap layer and the letter “B” which indicates the core layer. The structure is indicated as “B”, a single core layer or “A-B-A”, a core layer with a cap layer on each side.  
                                                                                                             TABLE II                           Sheet Extrusion            Structure   B   A-B-A   A-B-A   B   A-B-A   A-B-A                    Core   KRO3 %   80   80   80   50   50   50       B Layer   SMMA   20   20   20   50   50   50           %       Cap   KRO3 %       100           100       A Layer   SMMA           100           100           %            Haze   8.18   6.24   7.62   18.3   4.62   2.46                  
 
         [0017]    Compare the haze for the injection molded samples above in which the 80 percent KRO3, 20 percent SMMA blend had the highest value, 1.40. The same blend after being extruded into a 25 mil sheet exhibited haze of 8.18. The 50-50 blend jumped from 1.32 for the injected molded sample to 18.3 for the extruded sheet. The improvement of the extruded sample results by addition of the cap layers is striking.  
         [0018]    Reasonable variations, modifications and adaptations can be made within the scope of the disclosure and the appended claims without departing from the scope of this invention.