Abstract:
An integrated snap and handling apparatus is provided. The apparatus may be capable of being assembled with and disassembled from a mating component without damage. The apparatus may include a pair of features that provide an intuitive and easy user interface for removal, handling and installation. The pair of features may allow a user to use a pinching motion to engage and disengage the apparatus from the mating component without the use of a tool. The integrated snap and handling apparatus may provide for low removal forces when the user interface is properly actuated while resisting high separation forces when the user interface is not properly actuated. The integrated snap and handling apparatus may be incorporated into a wide variety of assemblies and devices. For example, the integrated snap and handling apparatus may be incorporated into a cooling duct for the control of airflow around an electronic component.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent application is a divisional of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/623,391, filed Jan. 16, 2007, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference; this patent application claims priority to and thus the benefit of an earlier filing date from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/758,778, filed Jan. 13, 2006, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Snaps are fastening mechanisms that may be used to secure one member to another. For example, snaps are commonly used to secure plastic components together in consumer goods such as electronic devices or toys. Snaps are often integrated into the components to be secured to each other, thus reducing or eliminating the need for separate connection members such as screws. Snaps typically include a flexible portion that may deflect during assembly. They may further include a protrusion that may interconnect or interact with a mating portion to secure the components together. 
     A snap may be intended for one-time operation or it may be intended for multiple assembly and disassembly cycles. The difference is often in the design of the protrusion. In a multiple cycle design, a portion of the protrusion may be angled so that a separation force acting on the parts causes the snap to disengage. Often, the snaps may begin to fail, or change in their ability to secure the components to each other, after a small number of assembly and disassembly cycles. 
     A one-time snap may have a protrusion that includes an engagement surface that is oriented perpendicular to a separation force acting on the parts. The engagement surface may interlock with a mating component. In this regard, such a force may not cause the part to disengage and the parts may be secured together until the separation force causes a component to fail. 
     Known snaps are often configured to require a tool to disengage the snap and allow the components to be separated. Frequently, the proper way to disengage the snap and separate the components is not obvious to a user. It may be difficult for a user to determine if two interconnected components are secured together by a one-time snap or a snap designed for multiple cycles. It may be difficult for a user to determine that a tool may be needed to disassemble the components. This may lead to the user using excessive force to disassemble the components, which could lead to damage to the components, in particular to the snap or snaps holding the components together. The process may also require the use of two hands. For example, a first hand may be required to apply a separation force to the components, while a second may be required to disengage the snap or snap mechanisms, possibly by using a tool. 
     Cooling ducts are commonly used in electronic assemblies where airflow control is desired. For example, many personal computers have ductwork associated with creating a particular airflow path around specific components such as Central Processing Units (CPUs) and memory units. Often, these ducts are secured in place using screws or clips. The ducts may be secured to a heat sink or fan that, in turn, may be interconnected to a CPU or other heat-generating device. Some are secured using snap together designs. However, these snap together designs typically do not provide for easy assembly and disassembly. For example, the duct and the device to which it is attached may both be required to be removed before the duct may be separated. Tools may be required to remove known ducts. Known ducts may be secured using one-time snaps that may be damaged upon removal, requiring replacement parts or additional repair work. Known ducts may require extensive examination to determine how to remove the duct without causing damage. This may be particularly true for a purchaser of the electronic assembly who may be unfamiliar with the duct fastening method. 
     The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations related therewith are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Other limitations of the related art will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon a reading of the specification and a study of the drawings. 
     SUMMARY 
     The following embodiments and aspects of thereof are described and illustrated in conjunction with systems and methods which are meant to be exemplary and illustrative, and not limiting in scope. In various embodiments, one or more of the above-described problems have been reduced or eliminated, while other embodiments are directed to other improvements. 
     In an aspect, a snap apparatus for attachment to and removal from a mating member without the use of tools includes a snap, a first grip member, an interconnection member, a base, a flexible member, and a second grip member. The first grip member may include a first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member may include a second grip member actuation surface. The interconnection member may be rigidly interconnected to the snap and the first grip member. The flexible member may be interconnected to and disposed between the base and the interconnection member. The first grip member actuation surface may be oriented to face in a substantially opposite direction from the second grip member actuation surface. 
     In an embodiment, the interconnection member may be operable to rotate relative to the base. The flexible member may be operable to torsionally flex when the interconnection member is rotated relative to said base. In an embodiment, the first grip member actuation surface may be oriented relative to the second grip member actuation surface to allow for a finger of a hand to engage one of the first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface while a thumb of the hand simultaneously engages the other of the first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface in a pinching motion. Such a pinching motion may cause the snap to disengage with a mating member. The pinching motion may result in rotation of the interconnection member wherein the first grip member actuation surface may be moved toward the second grip member actuation surface and the snap may be moved away from the second grip member actuation surface. 
     In an embodiment, the first grip member actuation surface and/or the second grip member actuation surface may be concave. Furthermore, the surfaces may be textured to assist in gripping the surfaces or may included features that may indicate to a user the function of the grip members. The first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface may be operable to be pinched together with a pinching force of less than 4.5 kgf. A radius of curvature of both of the first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface may be selected to comfortably fit a finger and/or thumb of a user engaging the surfaces. Such a radius may be greater than 4 mm. 
     In an embodiment of the present aspect, a stopper may be included. The stopper may be rigidly interconnected to the base and disposed to prevent the interconnection member from being displaced beyond a maximum predeterminable displacement when the finger and thumb pinch the first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface toward each other. 
     In an embodiment, the snap may include an engagement surface extending perpendicular to the interconnection member. 
     In an embodiment, the snap apparatus may include a guiding member, wherein the guiding member may be slidably engageable with a mating member guiding member, wherein slidably engaging the guiding member with the mating member guiding member restricts motion of the snap apparatus relative to the mating member to a linear motion perpendicular to the engagement surface. 
     In an embodiment, the snap of the snap apparatus may be substantially rigid. In an embodiment, the snap engagement of the snap apparatus with the mating member may include the engagement surface in a face-to-face relation with a mating engagement surface on the mating member. 
     In an embodiment, the snap apparatus may be operable to withstand a force of 15 kgf oriented perpendicular to the engagement surface and applied to the engagement surface without damage or disengagement. 
     In an embodiment, the snap may include an installation displacement surface, wherein the installation displacement surface may be operable to slidably interact with the mating member during installation of the snap apparatus onto the mating member, wherein the interaction may be operable to displace the snap in a direction substantially parallel to the engagement surface. 
     In an embodiment, the interconnection member may include two guide walls disposed parallel to each other, perpendicular to the engagement surface and substantially perpendicular to the first grip member actuation surface. 
     In an embodiment, the flexible member may include two flexible arms disposed on opposite sides of the interconnection member. 
     In another aspect, a method of removal of a snap apparatus from a mating member includes gripping, with a finger of a hand and a thumb of the hand, a first grip member actuation surface and a second grip member actuation surface of the snap apparatus, pinching together, with the finger and the thumb, the first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface, and moving an entirety of the snap apparatus with the hand while maintaining the pinching. The first grip member actuation surface may be oriented to face in a substantially opposite direction from the second grip member actuation surface. 
     In an embodiment, the first grip member actuation surface and/or the second grip member actuation surface may be concave. The surfaces may be textured to assist in gripping the surfaces or may included features that may indicate to a user the function of the grip members. The first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface may be operable to be pinched together with a pinching force of less than 4.5 kgf. A radius of curvature of both of the first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface may be selected to comfortably fit a finger and/or thumb of a user engaging the surfaces. Such a radius may be greater than 4 mm. 
     In an embodiment, the pinching step may include rotating a snap of the snap apparatus about a rotational axis, wherein the rotation results in the snap moving away from the second grip member actuation surface. In such an embodiment, the rotating step may include moving an engagement surface of the snap from a first position to a second position, wherein in the first position, the engagement surface may be in contact with a surface of the mating member and wherein in the second position, the engagement surface may be free from contact with the surface of the mating member. 
     In yet another aspect, an electronic component cooling duct operable to be attached to and removed from an electronic component without the use of tools includes a duct member, a first grip member flexibly interconnected to the duct member and a second grip member rigidly interconnected to the duct member. The duct member may include a plurality of duct walls, which at least partially define a cooling medium flow path. The first grip member may include a first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member may include a second grip member actuation surface. The first grip member actuation surface may be oriented to face in a substantially opposite direction from the second grip member actuation surface. The electronic component cooling duct may include any of the features of embodiments of the above-described snap apparatus. 
     In an embodiment of the electronic component cooling duct, the first grip member actuation surface may be oriented relative to the second grip member actuation surface to allow for a finger of a hand to engage one of the first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface while a thumb of the hand simultaneously engages the other of the first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface in a pinching motion. 
     The first grip member actuation surface and/or the second grip member actuation surface may be concave. Furthermore, the surfaces may be textured to assist in gripping the surfaces or may included features that may indicate to a user the function of the grip members. The first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface may be operable to be pinched together with a pinching force of less than 4.5 kgf. A radius of curvature of both of the first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface may be selected to comfortably fit a finger and/or thumb of a user engaging the surfaces. Such a radius may be greater than 4 mm. 
     In an embodiment of the present aspect, the pinching motion may move the snap away from the second grip member actuation surface. 
     In an embodiment of the present aspect, the electronic component cooling duct may be operable to withstand a force of 15 kgf oriented perpendicular to the engagement surface and applied to the engagement surface without damage or disengagement. 
     In still another aspect, a method of removal of an electronic component cooling duct from a mating component without the use of tools includes gripping, with a finger of a hand and a thumb of the hand, a first grip member actuation surface and a second grip member actuation surface of the electronic component cooling duct, pinching together, with the finger and the thumb, the first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface to release a snap of the electronic component cooling duct from engagement with the mating component and moving an entirety of the electronic component cooling duct relative to the mating component with the hand while maintaining the pinching. The first grip member actuation surface may be oriented to face in a substantially opposite direction from the second grip member actuation surface. 
     In an embodiment of the present aspect, the first grip member actuation surface and/or the second grip member actuation surface may be concave. The first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface may be operable to be pinched together with a pinching force of less than 4.5 kgf. A radius of curvature of both of the first grip member actuation surface and the second grip member actuation surface may be selected to comfortably fit a finger and/or thumb of a user engaging the surfaces. Such a radius may be greater than 4 mm. 
     In an embodiment of the present aspect, the pinching step may further include rotating a snap of the electronic component cooling duct about a rotational axis, wherein the rotation results in the snap moving away from the second grip member actuation surface. In such an embodiment, the rotating step may include moving an engagement surface of the snap from a first position to a second position. In the first position, the engagement surface may be in contact with a surface of the mating component and in the second position, the engagement surface may be free from contact with the surface of the mating component. 
     In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above, further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by study of the following descriptions. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Exemplary embodiments are illustrated in referenced figures of the drawings. It is intended that the embodiments and figures disclosed herein be considered illustrative rather than limiting. 
         FIG. 1  is an illustration an embodiment of a snap apparatus and a mating member positioned relative to each other prior to engagement. 
         FIG. 2  is an illustration of the snap apparatus of  FIG. 1  engaged with the mating member of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of the snap apparatus and mating member of  FIG. 2 . 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view of the snap apparatus and mating member of  FIG. 2  at intermediate positions during the process of engagement with each other. 
         FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view of the snap apparatus and mating member of  FIG. 4  at intermediate positions subsequent to the positions illustrated in  FIG. 4  during the process of engagement with each other. 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of the snap apparatus and mating member of  FIG. 2  at intermediate positions during the process of disengagement with each other along with a hand of a user. 
         FIG. 7  is an illustration of an embodiment of an electronic component cooling duct. 
         FIG. 8  is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of removing a snap apparatus from a mating member. 
         FIG. 9  is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method of removing an electronic component cooling duct from a mating component. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which assist in illustrating various pertinent features of embodiments of the present invention. Although the embodiments will be described partially in conjunction with an electronic component cooling duct, it should be expressly understood that embodiments of the present invention may be applicable to other applications where it is desired to interconnect and separate components without the use of tools. In this regard, the following description of a snap apparatus in general and an electronic component cooling duct in particular are presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosed herein. Consequently, variations and modifications commensurate with the following teachings, and skill and knowledge of the relevant art, are within the scope of the present invention. The embodiments described herein are further intended to explain modes known of practicing embodiments of the invention and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize embodiments of the invention in such, or other embodiments and with various modifications required by the particular application(s) or use(s) of embodiments of the present invention. 
       FIG. 1  is an illustration an embodiment of a snap apparatus  100  and a mating member  150  positioned relative to each other prior to engagement. To engage the snap apparatus  100  with the mating member  150 , the snap apparatus  100 , in the orientation illustrated in  FIG. 1 , may be moved straight down along a path  120  toward the mating member  150 . This is described in detail below. Features on both the snap apparatus  100  and the mating member  150  may interact with each other to restrict motion of the snap apparatus  100  relative to the mating member  150 . For example, such features may restrict the motion of the snap apparatus  100  relative to the mating member  150  to an up and down motion as illustrated by the path  120 . 
     The snap apparatus  100  of  FIG. 1  may be a component or a part of a larger apparatus. Similarly, the mating member  150  may be a component or a part of a larger apparatus. For example, the snap apparatus  100  may be part of a compartment lid and the mating member  150  may be part of a storage bin. Also for example, and as described in detail below, the snap apparatus  100  may be part of an electronic component cooling duct and the mating member  150  may be part of an electronic component cooling fan apparatus. Indeed, given the vast variety of applications of snaps as described above, the snap apparatus  100  and the mating member  150  may be integrated into a wide variety of applications. 
     The snap apparatus  100  may include a base  101  that, as described above, may be part of a larger apparatus. The snap apparatus  100  may also include a snap  103 . Generally, the snap  103  may include an engagement surface  111 , as shown in  FIG. 3 . The engagement surface  111  may be oriented so that it is perpendicular to the direction of relative motion between the snap apparatus  100  and the mating member  150 . 
     The snap  103  may in turn be interconnected to an interconnection member  102 . The interconnection member may be rigid and provide an interconnection between the snap  103  and a flexible member. In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the flexible member is in the form of a pair of flexible arms  104   a  and  104   b , which flexibly interconnect the interconnection member  102  and the base  101 . As described below, the pair of flexible arms  104   a  and  104   b  allow for relative motion between the interconnection member  102  and the base  101 . 
     The interconnection member  102  may include a first grip member  105 . The first grip member  105  may be configured to interact with a finger of a user. Similarly, the base  101  may include a second grip member  106  configured to interact with a finger of the user. The interconnection member  102  may also include one or more guide walls such as guide wall  108  that may be operable to, in part, guide the motion of the interconnection member  102  relative to the base  101 . 
     The base  101  may include features to locate it relative to the mating member  150  when the snap apparatus  100  is engaged with the mating member  150 . In this regard, guide rails  109   a  and  109   b  may interact with features on the mating member  150  to locate the snap apparatus  100  relative to the mating member  150 . Additionally, the base  101  may include bracing surfaces  110   a  and  110   b  that may interact with complementary surfaces on the mating member  150  to position the snap apparatus  100  relative to the mating member  150  so that the snap  103  has a predetermined degree of preload against a mating feature of the mating member  150 . 
     The snap apparatus  100  and the mating member  150  may be constructed from a wide variety of materials. For example, the snap apparatus  100  and the mating member  150  may be made of plastic, as is typical of many components, such as many consumer electronics devices, that utilize snaps. In this regard, particular components of the snap apparatus  100  and the mating member  150  may be configured differently for different materials. For example, a snap apparatus  100  made from a relatively flexible material may require flexible arms  104   a  and  104   b  with a greater cross-sectional area to achieve the same degree of flexibility than that of a snap apparatus  100  made from a relatively rigid material. 
     The mating member  150  may include a mating engagement feature  151  that may interact with the snap  103  to restrict motion of the snap apparatus  100  relative to the mating member  150 . The mating member  150  may include an open area  152  that may provide for clearance to allow movement of the snap  103  and the interconnection member  102  during engagement and disengagement of the snap apparatus  100  with the mating member  150 . Furthermore, the mating member  150  may include a guide block  153  to aid in guiding the motion of the interconnection member  102  relative to the base  101  during engagement and disengagement of the snap apparatus  100  with the mating member  150 . The mating member  150  may include mating member guide rails  154   a  and  154   b  that may interact with the guide rails  109   a  and  109   b  of the snap apparatus  100  to locate the snap apparatus  100  relative to the mating member  150 . Additionally, the mating member  150  may include mating member bracing surfaces  155   a  and  155   b  that may interact with the bracing surfaces  110   a  and  110   b  of the snap apparatus  100 . 
       FIG. 2  is an illustration of an assembly  200  that includes the snap apparatus  100  of  FIG. 1  engaged with the mating member  150  of  FIG. 1 . In  FIG. 2 , the snap  103  is engaged with the mating engagement feature  151 . This engagement is illustrated in  FIG. 3 , which is a cross-section of the assembly  200  along section line A-A of  FIG. 2 . 
       FIG. 3  illustrates the snap apparatus  100  engaged with the mating member  150  in a manner where movement of the snap apparatus  100  is restricted with respect to the mating member  150 . In this regard, the snap  103  is engaged with the mating engagement feature  151  wherein the engagement surface  111  of the snap  103  is in a face-to-face relationship with an engagement surface  302  of the mating engagement feature  151 . Such an arrangement of two parallel surfaces results in little or no torsional force being applied to the interconnection member  102  when an upward force (upward relative to the orientation of  FIG. 3 ) is applied to the snap apparatus  100 . Accordingly, the snap  103  may not disengage from the mating engagement feature  151  when such an upward force is applied. Additionally, such an arrangement may help to prevent accidental or unintentional disengagement of the snap apparatus  100  from the mating member  150 . 
     Other embodiments may incorporate a different configuration of the engagement surface  111  and/or the engagement surface  302 . For example, in an embodiment, the engagement surface  111  may oriented at an angle relative to how it is illustrated in  FIG. 3 . The engagement surface  111  may be angled so that its slopes from the upper left to the lower right, relative to the illustration of  FIG. 3 . In such an arrangement, an upward force imparted on the snap apparatus  100  may result in a sideways force to the left (as illustrated in  FIG. 3 ) imparted on the snap  103  as the sloped engagement surface of the snap  103  interacts with the mating engagement feature  151 . This may result in a sideways displacement of the snap  103  and eventually disengagement of the snap  103  from the mating member  150 . 
     Conversely, if the engagement surface  111  and the engagement surface  302  are both angled opposite to as previously described, an upwards force imparted on the snap apparatus  100  may result in a sideways force to the right (as illustrated in  FIG. 3 ) imparted on the snap  103  which may enhance the ability of the assembly  200  to resist unintentional disengagement between the snap apparatus  100  and the mating member  150  due to an upwards (as illustrated in  FIG. 3 ) force applied to the snap apparatus  100 . 
     Returning to  FIG. 2 , the guide rails  109   a  and  109   b  may interact with the mating member guide rails  154   a  and  154   b  to prevent lateral motion of the snap apparatus  100  relative to the mating member  150 . As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the guide rails  109   a  and  109   b  of the snap apparatus  100  are position along the outside edges of mating member guide rails  154   a  and  154   b . It will be appreciated that the relative position of the guide rails  109   a  and  109   b  and the mating member guide rails  154   a  and  154   b  may be reversed without a loss of functionality. 
     The bracing surfaces  110   a  and  110   b  of the snap apparatus  100  may interact with the mating member bracing surfaces  155   a  and  155   b  such that the snap  103  is pressed against the mating engagement feature  151  of the mating member  150 . This may be achieved by selecting a distance between the front surface  303  (as shown in  FIG. 3 ) of the snap  103  when the snap  103  is free from external forces and the bracing surfaces  110   a  and  110   b  that is slightly greater than the distance between the mating engagement feature  151  and the mating member bracing surfaces  155   a  and  155   b . Such an arrangement may prevent the snap apparatus  100  from moving or vibrating relative to the mating member  150 . This may, for example, help to prevent rattling between the snap apparatus  100  and the mating member  150 . 
     An embodiment of a process of engaging the snap apparatus  100  with the mating member  150  and related features will now be discussed with reference to  FIGS. 2 ,  3 ,  4  and  5 . In the present embodiment, the snap apparatus  100  is moved downward (as illustrated in  FIGS. 3 ,  4  and  5 ) to engage with and interconnect to the mating member  150 . This movement may be confined to a downward movement by the interaction between a feature or features interconnected to the snap apparatus  100  and a feature or the features interconnected to the mating member  150 .  FIG. 7  and its related discussion below describe one example of such an interaction. 
     Returning to  FIG. 4 , a cross-sectional view with the cross section being taken in the same plane as in  FIG. 3 , the interaction between the snap apparatus  100  and the mating member  150  during the process of engagement is illustrated. In  FIG. 4 , the initial contact between the snap  103  and the mating engagement feature  151  is illustrated. The snap  103  includes a sloped surface  401  and the mating engagement feature  151  includes a complementary sloped surface  402 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , as the snap apparatus  100  is lowered, the sloped surface  401  interacts with the complementary sloped surface  402  causing the snap  103  and the entire interconnection member  102  to rotate clockwise generally about the rotational axis  201  (shown in  FIG. 2 ). It is noted that the exact position of the rotational axis  201  may vary from that illustrated in  FIG. 2 . Additionally, the rotational axis  201  may vary as a function of the rotation of the interconnection member  102  and/or the movement of the interconnection member  102  relative to the base  101  may include a translational component. A resistance to the rotation of the interconnection member  102  is provided by the flexible arms  104   a  and  104   b . As the interconnection member  102  rotates relative to the base  101 , the flexible arms  104   a  and  104   b  experience a torsional flexure. 
     Once the tip  501  of the snap  103  clears the engagement surface  302  of the mating engagement feature  151 , the torsional flexure of the flexible arms  104   a  and  104   b  will cause the snap  103  to snap into the engaged position as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . A bottom surface  304  of the base  101  may come into contact with a top surface  305  of the mating engagement feature  151  to prevent the snap apparatus  100  from moving substantially beyond the point where the snap  103  fully engages with the mating engagement feature  151 . 
     It will be appreciated that the above-described motion of engagement of the snap apparatus  100  with the mating member  150  may be performed without the use of tools. For example, a user may provide a downward force on the snap apparatus  100  until the tip  501  of the snap  103  clears the engagement surface  302  of the mating engagement feature  151  and the snap  103  snaps into the position illustrated in  FIG. 3 . 
     During engagement of the snap apparatus  100  with the mating member  150 , a user may intentionally rotate the interconnection member  102  so that the snap  103  does not come into contact with the mating engagement feature  151  during the engagement process. As shown in  FIG. 6 , this may be accomplished by the user pinching together the first grip member  105  and the second grip member  106 . For example, the user may place a thumb  601  of a hand  602  into contact with a second grip member actuation surface  606  and a tip of an index finger  603  of the hand  602  into contact with a first grip member actuation surface  605 . The first grip member actuation surface  605  may be an outside facing surface on the first grip member  105 . Similarly the second grip member actuation surface  606  may be an outside facing surface on the second grip member  106 . The first grip member  105  may be rigidly connected to the interconnection member  102 . The second grip member  106  may be rigidly connected to the base  101 . Once the fingers are in position as shown in  FIG. 6 , the user may pinch the index finger  603  and a thumb  601  together. This may result in the interconnection member  102  rotating about the rotational axis  201 . This in turn may result in the snap  103  rotating away from the mating engagement feature  151 . Thusly, the user may lower the snap apparatus  100  into the position illustrated in  FIG. 6  without the snap  103  contacting the mating engagement feature  151 . If at this point the user were to release the pinching pressure, the interconnection member  102  would rotate into the position as illustrated in  FIG. 3  and the snap apparatus  100  and the mating member  150  would be engaged with each other. It is noted that the positions of the thumb  601  and index finger  603  may be reversed or other combinations of fingers may be used to achieve the pinching motion as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . 
     Additionally, the location of the first grip member  105  with respect to the rotational axis  201  may provide mechanical advantage when pinching the snap apparatus  100 . In this regard, by placing the first grip member  105  on an end of the interconnection member  102  opposite of the snap  103  with the rotational axis  201  between the first grip member  105  and the snap  103 , the interconnection member  102  acts as a lever that provides a mechanical advantage when moving the snap  103 . 
     An embodiment of a process of disengaging the snap apparatus  100  from the mating member  150  when they are engaged as illustrated in  FIG. 3  will now be described. Returning to  FIG. 6 , to disengage the snap apparatus  100 , a user may pinch together the first grip member  105  and the second grip member  106  to move the snap  103  away from the mating engagement feature  151 . Once the snap  103  is clear of the mating engagement feature  151 , the user may pull upward on the snap apparatus  100  to fully disengage the snap apparatus  100  from the mating member  150 . 
     The first grip member actuation surface  605  and/or the second grip member actuation surface  606  may be textured or contain other features to enhance the ability of the snap apparatus  100  to be gripped with a pinching motion. As illustrated, the first grip member actuation surface  605  and the second grip member actuation surface  606  may be concave. This concavity may aid in the gripping of the first grip member  105  and the second grip member  106 . The curvature of the concavity may be selected to comfortably interface with a finger or a thumb. Accordingly, the radius of curvature may be at least 4 mm. This concavity and/or any texturing on the first grip member actuation surface  605  and/or the second grip member actuation surface  606  may provide the additional benefit of providing a clear indication to a user of how to grip, install, remove and handle the snap apparatus  100 . Accordingly, the snap apparatus  100  may be installed to and removed from engagement with the mating member  150  without the use of a tool. The snap apparatus  100  may be installed, removed, and handled with one hand. In this regard, the same gripping motion used to disengage the snap  103  from the mating engagement feature  151  may also be used to lift the snap apparatus  100  away from the mating member  150  without the need to reposition the grip on the snap apparatus  100 . This same grip may also be used to handle the snap apparatus  100 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , the snap apparatus  100  may also include one or more stoppers  107   a  and  107   b . As shown in  FIG. 6 , when a user pinches together the first grip member  105  and the second grip member  106 , the interconnection member  102  may come into contact with a stopper such as stopper  107   b . The stoppers  107   a  and  107   b  may serve to prevent a user from displacing the first grip member  105  past a pre-determined point. In this regard, the stoppers  107   a  and  107   b  may prevent a user from accidentally damaging the snap apparatus  100 . The position of the stoppers  107   a  and  107   b  and the configuration of the flexible arms  104   a  and  104   b  may be such that a maximum displacement of the interconnection member  102  as illustrated in  FIG. 6  does not result in any permanent damage or deformation of the flexible arms  104   a  and  104   b . Without the stoppers  107   a  and  107   b , a user may displace the interconnection member  102  beyond the ability of the flexible arms  104   a  and  104   b  to withstand the displacement without damage. 
     The stoppers  107   a  and  107   b  may serve the function of providing a tactile signal to a user that the interconnection member  102  has been displaced enough so that the snap  103  is clear of the mating engagement feature  151 . For example, a user may pinch the first grip member  105  and the second grip member  106  until the user feels the contact between the interconnection member  102  and the stoppers  107   a  and  107   b . The feeling of the contact may serve to signal the user that the snap apparatus  100  is free to be engaged with or disengaged from the mating member  150  without resistance from an interaction between the snap  103  and the mating engagement feature  151 . 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the interconnection member  102  may include at least one guide wall  108  and the mating member  150  may include a guide block  153 . The guide walls  108  may be disposed on opposite sides of the interconnection member  102  and may extend parallel to each other and parallel to the direction of motion of the snap apparatus  100  relative to the mating member  150 . The distance between the guide walls  108  may be selected so that the guide walls  108  are disposed on two opposing sides of the guide block  153  when the snap apparatus  100  is engaged with the mating member  150 . In such a configuration, interaction between the guide walls  108  and the guide block  153  when the snap apparatus  100  is engaged with the mating member  150  may limit rotation of the interconnection member  102  about an axis perpendicular to the rotational axis  201 . In this regard, the interaction between the guide walls  108  and the guide block  153  when a user is pinching the first grip member  105  and the second grip member  106  may assist the user in rotating the interconnection member  102  primarily about the rotational axis  201 . This in turn may assist the user in displacing the snap  103  so it is completely clear of the mating engagement feature  151  during engagement or disengagement of the snap apparatus  100  with the mating member  150 . 
       FIG. 8  is a flowchart of a method of removing a snap apparatus from a mating member. The method comprises a first step  801  of gripping a first grip member actuation surface and a second grip member actuation surface with a finger and a thumb of a hand, where the grip member actuation surfaces are parts of a snap apparatus. The two surfaces may face in substantially opposite directions from each other. The two surfaces may be concave. The next step  802  may include using the finger and thumb to pinch together the two surfaces. Pinching the two surfaces together may cause a snap of the snap apparatus to rotate in step  803 . In step  804 , the rotation of step  803  may result in moving an engagement surface of the snap from a first position to a second position. In the first position, the engagement surface may be in contact with a surface of a mating member, while in the second position, the engagement surface may be free from contact with the surface of the mating member. Step  805  may include moving the entire snap apparatus relative to the mating member while maintaining the pinching force. This may include moving the snap apparatus away from the mating member. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an exemplary application of a snap apparatus  100 ′ and a mating member  150 ′ that are similar to the snap apparatus  100  and mating member  150 , respectively, of  FIG. 1  in an embodiment of a duct and component system  700 . In this embodiment, the snap apparatus  100 ′ is incorporated into an electronic component cooling duct  701  and the mating member  150  is incorporated into an electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702 . The electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702  may for example, be interconnected to a processor of a computer. The electronic component cooling duct  701  may be used to direct airflow from an active component such as the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702  or it may be used to direct airflow in a passive cooling configuration such as the airflow around a heat sink. The electronic component cooling duct  701  and the outer casing  705  of the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702  may be made from a plastic such as is typical of cooling ducts found in personal computers. 
     The electronic component cooling duct  701  may include a feature, such as guide channel  703 , that may restrict the motion of the electronic component cooling duct  701  relative to the outer casing  705  of the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702 . This may be accomplished by interaction between the guide channel  703  and a guide rib  704  of the outer casing  705 . As illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the guide channel  703  may be configured to interact with the guide rib  704  to restrict the motion of the electronic component cooling duct  701  with respect to the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702 . As configured in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the two components interact to restrict the motion of the electronic component cooling duct  701 , once the guide channel  703  is engaged with the guide rib  704 , to an up and down motion (as oriented in  FIG. 7 ). The guide channel  703  may include a lead in section  706  that is wider than the majority of the guide channel  703 . The lead in section  706  may help a user in initially locating the electronic component cooling duct  701  with respect to the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702 . 
     The snap apparatus  100 ′ and the mating member  150 ′ may include any or all of the features discussed above with respect to the snap apparatus  100  and mating member  150  of  FIGS. 1 through 6 . In particular, the electronic component cooling duct  701  may be operable to be engaged with or disengaged from the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702  without the use of tools. This may be accomplished by handling the electronic component cooling duct  701  by pinching the first grip member  105 ′ and the second grip member  106 ′. This pinching may result in a snap (not visible in  FIG. 7 ) rotating to a position where it may not interfere with a mating engagement feature  151 ′ of the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702  when the electronic component cooling duct  701  is installed or removed. The snap apparatus  100 ′ and the mating member  150 ′ may also include features similar to the bracing surfaces, guide walls, and stoppers described above with respect to the snap apparatus  100  and mating member  150  of  FIGS. 1 through 6 . 
     In one implementation of a duct and component system  700 , the present inventor has determined using finite element analysis that the pinching force required to fully disengage the snap of the snap apparatus  100 ′ from the mating engagement feature  151 ′ may be less than 4.5 kilogram-force (kgf) and that once disengaged, the force required to lift the electronic component cooling duct  701  away from the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702  may be less than 1 kgf. Furthermore, the force required to fully engage the electronic component cooling duct  701  with the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702 , without pinching the first grip member  105 ′ and the second grip member  106 ′ (e.g., allowing the snap to interact with the mating engagement feature  151 ′ similar to as shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 ) may be less than 3.5 kgf. 
     The duct and component system  700  may be operable to prevent unintended separation of the electronic component cooling duct  701  from the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702 . For example, the first grip member  105 ′ and in the second grip member  106 ′ present to a user an intuitive interface for removal of the electronic component cooling duct  701 . Given the intuitive nature of the interface, it may be unlikely that a user would accidentally disengage the snap of the snap apparatus  100 ′. Furthermore, without actively disengaging the snap of the snap apparatus  100 ′ from the mating engagement feature  151 ′, a significant amount of the force may be required to disengage the snap apparatus  100 ′ from the mating member  150 ′. For example, in one implementation of a duct and component system  700 , the present inventor has determined using finite element analysis that a duct and component system  700  as described herein may be operable to resist an upward force of 15 kgf applied to the electronic component cooling duct  701  while it is fully engaged with the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702  without any damage to the system  700  or separation of the individual components. 
     Additionally, a user or repair technician that wishes to gain access to the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702  may be able to quickly discern how to remove the electronic component cooling duct  701  due to the intuitive nature of the interface. This process may also be accomplished without the use of tools. Moreover, the electronic component cooling duct  701  may be operable to be removed from and installed onto the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702  an unlimited number of times. Also, the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702  may be accessed by removal of the electronic component cooling duct  701 , whereas in known cooling systems a cooling duct and the device to which it is attached may need to be removed as an assembly before the cooling duct can be removed from the device to which it is attached. 
     As discussed above, the snap apparatus  100 ′ may be engaged with the mating member  150 ′ in a manner that includes a pre-determinable amount of a pre-load on the snap of the snap apparatus  100 ′. This preload may aid in the ability of the duct and component system  700  to not rattle when the system  700  experiences vibrations. These vibrations, for example, may be due to shipping or moving the device of which the system  700  is a component, vibrations from other proximal components, or vibrations from a cooling fan within the electronic component cooling fan apparatus  702 . 
       FIG. 9  is a flowchart of a method of removing an electronic component cooling duct from a mating component. The method comprises a first step  901  of gripping a first grip member actuation surface and a second grip member actuation surface with a finger and a thumb of a hand, where the grip member actuation surfaces are parts of the electronic component cooling duct. The two surfaces may face in substantially opposite directions from each other. The two surfaces may be concave. The next step  902  may include using the finger and thumb to pinch together the two surfaces. Pinching the two surfaces together may cause a snap of the electronic component cooling duct to rotate in step  903 . In step  904 , the rotation of step  903  may result in moving an engagement surface of the snap from a first position to a second position. In the first position, the engagement surface may be in contact with a surface of the mating component, while in the second position, the engagement surface may be free from contact with the surface of the mating component. Step  905  may include moving the entire electronic component cooling duct relative to the mating component while maintaining the pinching force. This may include moving the electronic component cooling duct away from the mating component. 
     It should be understood that the particular values and configurations described herein could be varied and achieve the same objectives. The values and configurations described herein are merely exemplary. 
     The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments and form disclosed herein. While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, permutations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims and claims hereafter introduced are interpreted to include all such variations, modifications, permutations, additions, and sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope.