Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and a system for central computer controlled execution of at least one test run in a scanning microscope, particularly a confocal microscope, wherein at least one first software module of an application software is tested. The invention achieves the aim by a network made of individual scanning microscope clients and a central server. The clients can be contacted via a network interface and are administered in a central directory in the server. The application software for the individual components of a scanning microscope is made of individual software modules, each associated with a potential test. In order to be able to perform the various tests, the scanning microscope clients have been equipped on the hardware side with additional sensors and components that allow various operating parameters to be determined.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a Continuation of PCT application number PCT/US2010/003121 filed on May 21, 2010, claims priority to German Patent Application No. DE 10 2009 022 394.0 filed on May 22, 2009, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a method and a system for the central computer-controlled execution of at least one test run in a scanning microscope, particularly a confocal microscope, wherein at least one first software module of an application software is tested. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In scanning microscopy, a sample of a microscopic preparation is point-scanned with a light beam. Normally, lasers are used as the light sources. Mixed gas lasers, diode lasers, solid lasers and also so-called white light lasers may be used. White light lasers have the advantage that a spectrally broad continuous light spectrum is obtained. 
     Moreover, a confocal microscope is provided with a workstation computer that is connected via various interfaces to the components of the scanning microscope such as the detector, the detection pinhole, acousto-optic components having a programmable beam splitter such as an AOBS, acousto-optic components that operate selectively on individual wavelengths as a function of the radiofrequencies beamed in, such as an AOTF, the scanner and other components. The microscope is controlled by means of application software through this workstation computer, this being a decentralized island solution. If problems arise with the equipment, a service engineer has to be informed who will try to solve the problems on site. However, this is very expensive as the technician has to travel, even if it subsequently turns out that the problem is a simple technical one that could have been solved by the relevant operator. 
     The problem of the invention is to provide a system and a method by means of which a remote test of at least one software module can be carried out by the application software in a simple manner. In particular, the operating parameters of a scanning microscope are to be determined by a remote test. This is intended to ensure optimum functioning of a scanning microscope for the user. 
     This problem is solved by a system having the features of claim  1  and a method having the features of claim  7 . Advantageous embodiments of the invention are recited in the dependent claims. 
     The invention solves the problem by means of a network consisting of individual scanning microscope clients and a central server. The clients can be addressed via a network interface and are managed in a central directory in the server. The application software for the individual components of a scanning microscope consists of individual software modules each of which are associated with a possible test. To enable the different tests to be carried out, the scanning microscope clients have been equipped, on the hardware side, with additional sensors and components that make it possible to determine different operating parameters. 
     Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description that provides a fuller explanation in conjunction with the attached drawings by reference to an embodiment by way of example. 
     The above and other features of the invention including various novel details of construction and combinations of parts, and other advantages, will now be more particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings and pointed out in the claims. It will be understood that the particular method and device embodying the invention are shown by way of illustration and not as a limitation of the invention. The principles and features of this invention may be employed in various and numerous embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the accompanying drawings, reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale; emphasis has instead been placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. Of the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic representation of a scanning microscope having a workstation computer and an internet connection for carrying out remote testing; 
         FIG. 2  is a schematic representation of a scanning microscope having a swivellable mirror and a reference diode for executing a test run of the AOBS; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic representation of a scanning microscope having a reference diode for executing a test run of the detector. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  shows the schematic structure of a confocal scanning microscope  1 . The illuminating light beam  3  coming from a laser  2  is guided by a beam splitter  4 , embodied as an AOBS in this case, or another suitable deflector, to a scanning device  5 . Before the illuminating light beam  3  strikes the beam splitter  4 , it passes through an illuminating pinhole  6 . The scanning device comprises at least one scanning mirror  7  which guides the illuminating light beam  3  through an optical scanning device  8  and an optical microscope device  9  over or through an object  10 . The scanning mirror  7  is driven by a motor (not shown here). The illuminating light beam  3  is guided over the surface of the object, in the case of non-transparent objects  10 . In the case of biological objects  10  or transparent objects, the illuminating light beam  3  may also be passed through the object  10 . For this purpose, non-luminescent preparations may be prepared with a suitable dye and these dyes present in the object  10  are excited by the illuminating light beam  3  and transmit luminescence and/or fluorescent light in a range of the spectrum that is characteristic of them. This light emanating from the object defines a detection light beam  11 . This passes through the optical microscope device  9 , the optical scanning device  8  and the scan module  5  to the deflector means  4 , passes through the latter and through a detection pinhole  12  to the detector unit  13 . The detector unit may consist of at least one photomultiplier. It is also conceivable that the detector unit  13  consists of a photomultiplier array or a CCD chip, an EMCCD chip or an APD array. In the detector unit, electrical detection signals are produced that are proportional to the power of the light emanating from the object  10 . As light is not emitted by the object  10  at only one wavelength, it is sensible to provide a dispersive element in front of the detector unit. The dispersive element splits the detection light beam spectrally, so that the individual wavelengths of the detection light are spatially separated. If the laser  2  itself also comprises a plurality of illuminating wavelengths, particularly when it is a so-called white light laser, an acousto-optic component such as an AOTF  14  is also provided, with which the desired wavelength can be selected from the wavelength spectrum. 
     For computer-aided control of the individual components, a workstation computer  15  is provided which has various interfaces for the individual components of the equipment. Installed in the computer  15  is application software that consists of various software modules for the individual components of the equipment. The computer  15  is connected to a control server  17  via an internet connection  16 . In this way the individual scanning microscopes can be addressed via a network interface and managed in a central directory. At present an optimum solution for this is JINI technology. JINI is a framework for programming distributed applications that impose particular demands on the scalability and complexity of collaboration between the various components and cannot be operated by existing methods. JINI was developed by Sun Microsystems based on the programming language Java. JINI encompasses a directory service with which equipment functions and other services can be located. The directory service then supplies both the network address and also the necessary interface descriptions; the equipment and other services are called up by “remote method invocation”. 
     However, even in this solution, there is still the problem of the configuration of the decentralized equipment and services. In scanning microscopes, however, this technology has not been applied hitherto, as sufficiently fast internet connections or sufficient computer capacity have not been available up till now. In contrast to a conventional software update in a network solution of different clients and services in a network, in test runs in confocal laser scanning microscopy, image data have to be evaluated, in particular, so as to arrive at a result relating to the method of operation of the microscope. This is however so high because of the quantity of data to be processed and the computing speed required that the use of JINI technology, for example, has not been thought of up till now. Furthermore, additional components for detecting operating parameters which now for the first time allow operating parameters to be determined on the hardware side have not hitherto been integrated in conventional confocal laser microscopes. 
     The laser scanning microscope has therefore been expanded according to the invention to include components that allow automatic determination and detection of different operating parameters. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates this for a beam splitter (AOBS) test: Mirrors and pole filters  21  introduced into the intermediate image and an integrated reference diode  23  make it possible to test the beam path through the AOBS  4 . The correct calibration can be determined from different setting parameters and the resulting intensity values on the detector  13 . 
       FIG. 3  shows a detector test that is made possible by an integrated light source  25 . An LED  25  or other light source in the vicinity of the light-sensitive surface of the detector is able to simulate a signal. Using the detected signal in the detector  13 , the entire signal pathway from the LED  25  to the detector  13  can be tested. 
     Moreover, additional tests are possible. Thus, the galvanometers in the scanning unit  5  can be tested: Using a test structure that can be introduced into the beam path by motorized control at the position of the intermediate image it is possible to check the size of the scanning field and hence the function of the galvanometers of the scanner  5 . 
     It is possible to test the laser or the AOTF by means of the reference diode behind the AOTF. This can be used to check the AOTF calibration and the laser function. Moreover, conclusions can be drawn as to the life of the laser and AOTF from the timing of the laser performance measured and the specification values. In addition, it is also possible to equip some lasers with an operating hour counter that is then read off. 
     The spectrometer can be tested by comparing the wavelengths emitted by the laser with those actually measured by the equipment. 
     A pinhole test is made possible by a mirror at the position of the intermediate image. Using an internal detector, the intensity of the light as a function of the pinhole diameter is determined. The correct adjustment of the pinhole can be read off from the results. 
     The stepping motors in the microscope can be tested using the electronic controls: The electronic controls of the stepping motors can be used to interrogate open or short-circuited connections. Step losses can be detected in a deliberate back and forth motion followed by a search for the original position. 
     The beam path in the microscope can be altered or switched using various shutters. The position of the shutters can be determined or interrogated optically, magnetically or using other detectors or sensors. It is also possible for an alarm signal to be emitted in the event of a defective shutter, for reasons of laser safety. 
     According to the invention, the tests mentioned by way of example here are carried out remotely in a confocal laser scanning microscope from a central server. Thus a particular test may be associated with a software module in the application software. These software modules of the application software are listed in a configuration file which is in turn stored centrally in the server, from where it can be called up. Then different software modules of a particular scanning microscope can be called up independently of one another. For the interplay between the central server and the different scanning microscope clients in a network, numerous variants are possible: 
     Thus, advantageously, the execution and transmission of the test results for a scanning microscope client are carried out according to a test plan. For example, for each test with a scanning microscope client a time interval is defined after which a repetition is carried out. As far as possible, only as many tests are carried out as will not interfere with normal use. 
     The test results are then transmitted automatically to the one central control server  17  and stored in a “Remote Diagnosis Databank”. However, the test results may also be stored directly on the scanning microscope client. The results for the different scanning microscope clients are compared with one another. The evaluation of the collected data is then carried out for example from the point of view of maximum breakdown-free time and/or maximum performance of the equipment in the field. This comprises, for example, the automatic introduction of suitable measures, e.g. recommendations to order replacement parts, using self-diagnosis. The expected service lives of the lasers may be estimated in advance, for example, or optimized service implementation plans for the most critical equipment may be drawn up. 
     The “Remote Diagnosis Databank” may, of course, also be linked to other databanks so that it is possible for example to call up acceptance reports, SAP data, support requests, board audits and the like. 
     Moreover, statistics can be put together using the operating parameters in the field. In this way, any deviations from the norm or weaknesses in the equipment can be detected and then a targeted service can be carried out. It is also possible to carry out an analysis of the user behavior, evaluation of which leads to the optimization of typical processes in particular types of experiment. 
     By the automatic determination and detection of operating parameters of a (confocal) laser scanning microscope, the average breakdown-free time can be substantially lengthened overall. This includes both the transmission of simple tests and measurement data (e.g. from log files) and also self-tests/performance tests carried out according to a test plan at specific times. 
     The most important aspect is that a first diagnosis is automatically provided remotely, i.e. without the need for a site visit by a service engineer. Ideally, deviations in the parameters and hence impending breakdown are detected before an actual fault occurs that is noticeable by the user. 
     The entire history of the boards built into the equipment can be traced using individual readable serial number chips provided on each board. 
     For example, the temperatures and the flow rate and levels of coolant at different points in the equipment and the supply voltages to the individual components at regular intervals are transmitted as direct measurements. The storage space available, the regulating parameters of the galvanometers and other calibration values can also be determined directly and transmitted. 
     An essential component of the remote diagnosis in laser scan microscopes are the self-tests that are carried out automatically. These are carried out for example at the start of a scanning microscope client (preferably tests of short duration for some equipment components) or when the equipment is shut down. However, the equipment can also detect when no measurement and no user action have taken place over a lengthy period of time, and then use these phases (idle phase) for complex self-tests. 
     While this invention has been particularly shown and described with references to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.