Abstract:
Example dryers and washer-dryers having a closed process air circuit having a drum, a condenser downstream from the drum for dehumidifying warm moist air, and a thermoelectric device having a cold side arranged in the process air circuit downstream from the drum are disclosed. Example thermoelectric devices have a warm side cooled by a fluid which is circulated in a liquid/air heat exchanger arranged in the process air circuit downstream from the condenser. Using the disclosed architectures, appliance design can be simplified without decreasing overall system performance.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
       [0001]    This application claims priority from European Patent Application No. 13165005.3, filed Apr. 23, 2013, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application is also a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/258,435, entitled “DRYER OR WASHER DRYER AND METHOD FOR THIS OPERATION” filed Apr. 22, 2014, currently allowed, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    In conventional dryers and washer-dryers, the use of thermoelectric devices implies exchanging heat on both sides of a planar object thus meaning that process air has to flow in two opposite directions, thereby leading to a complex air path design and to a trade-off between space and performance that may be in practice not acceptable. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0003]    Disclosed example drying appliances (e.g., a dryer, a washer-dryer, a refresher, etc.) having a closed process air circuit including a drum, a condenser downstream from the drum for dehumidifying warm moist air, and a thermoelectric device having a cold side arranged in the process air circuit downstream from the drum are disclosed. Example disclosed thermoelectric devices have a warm side cooled by a fluid which is circulated in a liquid/air heat exchanger arranged in the process air circuit downstream from the condenser. 
         [0004]    It is an object of this disclosure to provide drying appliances that do not present the above drawbacks and in which the Peltier thermoelectric module can be used without modifying the traditional process air path of a condenser dryer. 
         [0005]    Another object of this disclosure is to provide drying appliances with increased energy efficiency compared to prior art. 
         [0006]    The above objects are reached thanks to the features disclosed herein and listed in the appended claims. 
         [0007]    The novel dryer architectures disclosed herein solve at least the above problems by simplifying appliance design without decreasing the overall system performance that indeed may take benefit of a reduced pressure drop in the process air circuit. 
         [0008]    Another advantage of the appliances disclosed herein is that the energy saving performances are similar to the performance of more expensive condensing dryers with a heat pump device. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]    Further advantages and features will become clear from the following detailed description, with reference to the attached drawings in which: 
           [0010]      FIG. 1  is a schematic view of an example household tumble dryer according to this disclosure; 
           [0011]      FIG. 2  illustrates a portion of the tumble dryer of  FIG. 1  in more detail; 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  is a graph showing energy balances in a prior-art condensing dryer; 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  is a graph showing energy balances in an example dryer according this disclosure; and 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  is a another graph showing energy balances in another dryer according this disclosure not having an electrical heating element in addition to the thermoelectric device. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0015]    With reference to the drawings, an example tumble dryer comprises a rotating drum  1  containing a certain amount of clothes, actuated by an electric motor, a heating element  2  that heats the air going inside, an air channel  3  that conveys the air to a condenser  6  (condensing dryer) which is an air/air heat exchanger, a temperature sensor  4   a  that measures the temperature of the air after the heater  2  before entering the drum  1 , a temperature sensor  4   b  measuring the temperature of the exhaust air, and a screen  5  that collects the lint detaching from the tumbling clothes. While the examples disclosed herein refer to a dryer, it should be understood that the disclosed architectures can be used for other drying appliances such as, but not limited to, a washer-dryer, a refresher, etc. 
         [0016]    Condenser dryer functionality is based on condensing the evaporated water from the clothes without throwing the humidity directly into the environment as a conventional air vented dryer does. For this reason, condensing dryers normally have a closed loop process air and the humid air, after passing into the drum  1  through the moist clothes, goes into the condenser  6  where the vapor condenses, then the air is heated and returned to the drum  1 . 
         [0017]    Traditional condensing dryers use an electrical heater to heat the process air in order to evaporate moisture from the clothes, and then release such energy through the process air condenser in the cooling air into the environment. This means almost all energy released for condensing is wasted into the environment and has to be reintroduced into the system to keep the desired temperature operating point by means of the electric heater. An example of such energy balance is shown in  FIG. 3 , wherein the heat exchanged on the heating element is depicted in the solid line whereas the heat exchanged on the air cooled condenser is shown in the dashed line. 
         [0018]    In the examples disclosed herein, the process air circuit includes a thermoelectric device  15  and a liquid/air circuit  10  capable of transferring heat from a warm side  16  of the thermoelectric device  15  to the process air downstream from the condenser  6 , by means of a liquid and/or air heat exchanger  12 . The cold side  14  of the thermoelectric device  15  is in direct heat exchange relationship with the process air by means of a heat sink  18  in order to cool it downstream or, as in some embodiments, upstream from the condenser  6 . The overall architecture of a dryer according to this disclosure is therefore similar to that of a traditional air cooled condensing dryer, however, the thermoelectric device  15  that exchanges heat across the condenser  6 , more specifically by cooling the process air upstream (so starting condensation) or downstream (so ending condensation) the air cooled condenser  6  and heating the air downstream from the condenser  6  and upstream from the electric heater  2 . By using the example structures, a portion of the condensation energy is transferred by the thermoelectric device  15  from one side to the other side of the condenser  6 , so it is not wasted in the ambient. 
         [0019]    With reference to  FIG. 2 , the cold side  14  of the thermoelectric device  15  directly exchanges heat through a finned heat sink  18  into the process air channel just downstream from the drum output. In such position the air is close to saturation, so condensation occurs onto the heat sink  18 . 
         [0020]    The heat removed by the heat sink  18 , plus the electrical energy supplied to the thermoelectric device  15  is released to the circulating water passing into a water tank  16  that in a small volume ensures a very high performance and limits the thermoelectric device thermal gradient allowing such device to work at a higher efficiency operating point. The process air leaving the heat sink  18  passes into the condenser  6 , where it loses additional water and thermal energy that is released to the cooling air. The heat released to the liquid/water circuit  10  can now be transferred to the process air by means of the heat exchanger  12  before passing through the electric heater  2 , that in such system will need to provide less energy to keep the required temperature operating point, thus increasing the overall system efficiency with respect to conventional air cooled only condenser dryers. Moreover the particular architectures proposed herein (cold side of thermoelectric device  15 —“TEC”—upstream from the air cooled condenser) allows for lower temperature differences between the two sides of the TEC  15  leading to additional increase in the efficiency of the device. 
         [0021]    As a comparison to  FIG. 3 , in  FIG. 4  is shown an example of the energy balance that can be obtained by using the example architectures disclosed herein; the heat exchanged on the heating element is depicted in the solid line  405 , the heat exchanged on the air cooled condenser is shown in the dashed line  410 , the heat exchanged on cold side of TEC is in the bold dashed line  415 , and the heat exchanged on warm side of TEC is in the bold solid line  420 . As discussed above, the heat exchanged on warm side of TEC  15  is the sum of electrical power provided to such device and the heat exchanged on cold side  14  to condense water that is therefore not wasted as happens in traditional condensing dryers. 
         [0022]    Another possible embodiment takes into consideration the removal of the electrical heating element. By designing the system in order to keep constant the energy efficiency, the cycle length increases but overall cost of the dryer decreases giving a possible solution for implementing low cost machines. An example of the energy balances that can be obtained in such embodiment is shown in  FIG. 5 ; the heat exchanged on the air cooled condenser is shown in dashed line  505 , the heat exchanged on cold side of TEC is in bold dashed line  510 , and the heat exchanged on warm side of TEC is in bold solid line  515 . As mentioned, this solution has the disadvantage of increasing cycle length but can be implemented with reduced cost. 
         [0023]    In the liquid/air circuit  10  water, or a mixture of water and alcohol or glycol ether can be used, and the circulation can be either due to natural convection or forced by a circulation pump  17 . 
         [0024]    To increase furthermore the heat exchange efficiency, a phase changing liquid (so called “phase changing material” or PCM) at design temperatures can be used taking the benefit of an almost constant temperature heat exchange with high performances; even in this case the circulation can be either due to natural convection or forced by the circulation pump  17 . 
         [0025]    The liquid/air heat exchanger  12  is preferably provided with fins or similar devices in order to increase the heat transfer coefficient.