Abstract:
The present invention provides an optical interconnection device whereby arrays of fibers or waveguides arranged in a given orientation at an input side are rearranged in a three-dimensional rearrangement area within the device and exit at an output side arranged in a different orientation from the input side. Distinct arrays are created at the output side via manual or automated placement based on a roadmap.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/597,324, filed Jun. 19, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,464,404. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     This invention is related to fiber optic communications and more particularly to an optical fiber interconnection device and method for rearranging arrays of optical fibers between an input side and an output side. 
     The use of fiber optics for high speed communications is finding increased use within large microprocessors and multiple microprocessor systems. For example, in optical switches more and more channels are needed for transmission of data. In back planes, more optical interconnections are required as more daughter cards are added for increasing the number of channels. Cross connects may also be utilized within back planes for communicating between groups of daughter cards or microprocessors. These applications typically require that each daughter card or microprocessor be in communication with each of the other daughter cards or microprocessors in the system. These communications are achieved by connecting optical fibers in a point to point fashion between each daughter card or microprocessor and the other daughter cards or microprocessors in the system. It can therefore be appreciated that as the number of channels required is increased, the number of daughter cards or microprocessors that must communicate with each other is also increased. This creates a problem in that point to point wiring for large numbers of channels is labor intensive, costly, time consuming, and susceptible to connection errors. Additionally, because optical fibers are subject to environmental limitations such as bend radius, fiber management systems are often employed for such large systems of interconnections. Fiber management becomes a challenging problem as a number of channels and the number of point to point connections are increased resulting in higher fiber counts in the backplane. 
     In one known prior art system of backplane fiber optic interconnections, a single optic fiber is arranged in a desired pattern on a two-dimensional adhesive coated substrate in a controlled manner. The optic fiber is arranged to maintain a minimum bend radius in a two dimensional plane of 25 mm, which is a typical minimum to prevent damage to the fibers. After testing the single optic fiber, the substrate and optic fiber are cut at one or more locations to form an optical backplane interconnect with a desired routing pattern. However, all of the optic fibers are bonded in position requiring additional optical fiber ribbons to make the backplane connections to the printed circuit boards, creating additional optic interfaces which are subject to additional signal losses. 
     SUMMARY 
     The present invention addresses these problems by providing an optical interconnection device whereby arrays of fibers arranged in a given orientation at an input are rearranged within the device and exit at an output arranged in a different orientation from the input. A method of accomplishing the rearrangement is to first provide a plurality of fiber arrays each containing a plurality of individual fibers. This arrangement is then fixed at an output side utilizing a suitable method such as an adhesive to form a bundle. The bundle of fibers at the output is then separated, either through an automated or manual process, in a different orientation, for example in a direction orthogonal to each fiber array at the input. Distinct ribbons or arrays are created at the output by the separating operation. 
     In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of creating an optical fiber interconnection in which arrays of optical fibers are provided. The matrix holding each of the arrays of optical fibers together is partially stripped or leached away at one end of the array. The stripped optical fibers are then rearranged in three-dimensional space into separate output arrays using a manual or automated process based on a desired optic fiber roadmap and bonded or adhered together to form the output arrays of the optical fiber rearrangement device. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures of which: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a representative four by four rearranging device according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a three dimensional view of the input and output of the device of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a three dimensional view of the device of FIG. 1 during an intermediate assembly step; 
     FIG. 4 a cross-sectional view of an enclosure containing the device of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of a rearranging device in accordance with the present invention; and 
     FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an eight by eight rearranging device in accordance with the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A first embodiment of the present invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to FIG.  1 . This figure shows an example of a representative four by four optical wave guide communication rearrangement device  10  according to the present invention. The device  10  has an input side  12  and an output side  30 . A plurality of optical waveguide arrays  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  are each fed to the input  12 . Each optical waveguide array  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  may be formed of optical fibers, such as a ribbon of fiber, individual fibers, fiber cables, or other suitable array configurations, such as optical capillary tubes or other suitable waveguides. Each input array  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  is connected to a respective microprocessor, fiber ribbons or other communication device or medium (not shown). The array  14  is split into individual waveguides or fibers  14   a ,  14   b ,  14   c ,  14   d . In the preferred embodiment, optical fibers are utilized and each of the individual fibers  14   a-d  is fed to a respective output fiber array  22 ,  24 ,  26 ,  28 . For example, the fiber  14   a  is fed to the output fiber array  22 . The fiber  14   b  is fed to the output fiber  24 . The fiber  14   c  is fed to the output array  26  and the fiber  14   d  is fed to the output array  28 . The remaining input fibers  16 ,  18 ,  20  are routed similarly to the fiber array  14 . The fiber  16   a  is fed to the output array  22 . The fiber  16   b  is fed to the output array  24 . The fiber  16   c  is fed to the output array  26  and the fiber  16   d  is fed to the output array  28 . Since the input arrays  18  land  20  are similarly routed they will not be described here. The output array  22  therefore contains the first fiber  14   a ,  16   a ,  18   a ,  20   a  of each of the input arrays  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20 . Likewise the output array  24  contains the second fiber  14   b ,  16   b ,  18   b ,  20   b  of each of the input arrays  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20 . Output arrays  26  and  28  similarly contain the third and fourth fibers of each of the input arrays  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  respectively. 
     The input arrays  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  may be defined as any number of m×n optical fiber arrays, with the preferred embodiment having m=1 to form ribbon input arrays. The output arrays  22 ,  24 ,  26 ,  28  may also be defined as any number of r×s optical fiber arrays, with the preferred embodiment having r=1 to define ribbon output arrays. The number of input and output arrays may be varied, as can the number of optical fibers in each of the arrays. 
     While the preferred embodiment described above provides a perfect “shuffle”, it will be understood by those skilled in the art from the present disclosure that the fibers could be routed in pairs or groups according to a specified roadmap depending on the requirements of a specific backplane communication interconnection arrangement for which the rearrangement device  10  is being used. For example, in FIG. 1, the fibers  14   a  and  14   b  could both go to  22   a  and  22   b ; fibers  14   c  and  14   d  could both go to  26   a  and  26   b ; fibers  16   a  and  16   b  could go to  24   a  and  24   b ; and so on. Other arrangements could also be utilized, if desired. 
     Referring now to FIG. 2, the fiber end faces of each of the input arrays  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  and fiber end faces of each of the output arrays  22 ,  24 ,  26 ,  28  are shown. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that while the arrangement pattern of FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown here, other rearrangement schemes are possible and within the scope of this invention. For example, instead of selecting the first fiber of each input array  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  to be a part of the output array  22 , one could arrange the output array  22  to receive fiber  14   a , fiber  16   b , fiber  18   c , and fiber  20   d . Therefore, each output array  22 ,  24 ,  26 ,  28  may contain any selection of fibers chosen from the input arrays  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20 . 
     A first preferred method of assembling the rearrangement device  10  of FIGS. 1 and 2 will now be described in greater detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. Referring first to FIG. 3, the individual fibers  14   a-d  are first gathered and secured to form the array  14 . This may be accomplished by the use of epoxy, heat or UV activated adhesives, mechanical fasteners, RTV rubbers or any other suitable fixing technique. These arrays may also be formed of ribbon fibers or other multifiber cables. The fibers  16   a-d  are similarly gathered and secured together to form the input array  16 . Input arrays  18  and  20  are similarly formed. At the output  32 , in the first preferred method, all of the arrays  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  are bundled and fixed to each other utilizing any suitable technique such as epoxy, UV or heat activated adhesives, mechanical fasteners, RTV rubbers, or any other suitable adhesive or hardenable material. The output bundle  32  is then sliced along the lines labeled A—A, B—B, C—C to form the output arrays  22 ,  24 ,  26 ,  28 . Those skilled in the art will understand from the present disclosure that the slices could be along different planes, or could even be in sections or combinations thereof. For example, the optical bundle  32  could be sliced into four 2×2 bundles, two 2×4 bundles and two 1×4 arrays, etc. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that each of the input arrays  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  may be formed of ribbon fibers each containing a desired number of individual fibers. It should also be understood that while a four by four rearrangement device  10  and method have been described here, these methods are scalable to larger arrays or smaller arrays as required by the particular application, such as twelve 1×8 input arrays and eight 1×12 output arrays or any other desired configuration. 
     A second preferred method of assembling the rearrangement device  10  of FIGS. 1 and 2 will now be described in greater detail below. In the second method, the resin matrix holding each of the input arrays  14   a-d ,  16   a-d ,  18   a-d  and  20   a-d  of optical fibers together is partially stripped or leached away at one end of the arrays. These stripped optical fibers are then rearranged into output arrays, for example,  14   a ,  16   a ,  18   a ,  20   a , etc., using a manual or automated process based on a desired optic fiber roadmap for the interconnection outputs. Each output array is then separately bonded or adhered together, and the stripped fibers can be re-ribbonized, if desired. This provides the advantage of being able to form the rearrangement device  10  with ribbon legs of any desired length which can be used to interconnect backplane components regardless of spacing and without the need for splices. 
     Referring now to FIG. 4 a cross-sectional view of a rigid enclosure  40  for housing the rearrangement device  10  is shown. The package  40  may be either cylindrically shaped or rectangularly shaped and may have various cross-sectional areas depending upon the number and shape of the fibers in the bundle  32 . Beginning at the input opening  42 , the central bore  46  is profiled to have a lead in section  50 . The lead is section  50  may have a circular, oval, rectangular or other suitable cross section. A shoulder  52  is formed between the lead in section  50  and a transition section  48 . The transition section  48  has a smaller cross sectional area than the lead in section  50  and may be of a circular, oval, rectangular or other suitable shape. A second shoulder  49  is formed between the transition section  48  and retention section  47  of the bore  46 . The retention section  47  is dimensioned to snugly receive the plurality of input arrays  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20 . Since the output side of the enclosure  40  beginning at the output opening  44  is symmetrical to the portion described thus far, it will not be described in further detail. It should be understood however that the enclosure may be modified so that the output section is not symmetrical to the input section. The enclosure may be optionally equipped with through holes for mounting to a system component such as a rack. Alternatively, other attachment means could be provided such as a Velcro® hook and loop fastener, or an adhesive for securing the enclosure  40  to a rack or other components. 
     Those skilled in the art will also understand from the present disclosure that an enclosure  40  can be molded or cast from a resin matrix directly about the bundle  32 . The function of the enclosure is to hold the optical fibers firmly and stably in position in the transition area between the ribbons of the input arrays and the ribbons of the output arrays in order to prevent damage to the individual optical fibers in the transition area. 
     The rearrangement of the input arrays  14 ,  16 ,  18 ,  20  is represented in FIG. 5 to illustrate the three-dimensional rearrangement that takes place as the fibers of each input array are rearranged in a confined space. The housing  40  preferably includes flexible boots  54  located at each end to act as a strain relief for the input and output arrays. An adhesive, such as an epoxy may be located in the housing  40  to firmly hold the fibers in position in the rearrangement area to prevent damage to the optical fibers. 
     Referring now to FIG. 6, an alternate enclosure  140  is shown in connection with an eight by eight rearrangement device  110 . The rearrangement device  110  includes eight input arrays  114 - 121 , and eight output arrays  122 - 129 . The alternate enclosure is made of a braided or woven sleeve that is installed over the rearrangement area of the interconnection device, and is preferably impregnated or filled with an adhesive matrix, such as RTV silicone, to hold the optical fibers in the rearrangement area in firmly and stably in position. One preferred sheath is a VARFLEX sheathing, type HP which is flame retardant. However, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art from the present disclosure that other sheath types of other materials and configurations can be used. 
     While the present invention has been disclosed in the context of the preferred embodiments utilizing optical fibers, it will be understood by those skilled in the art from the present disclosure that it could also be used in connection with plastic optical fibers or other waveguide materials, such as a leached fiber bundle or hollow capillaries. 
     An advantage of the present invention is that a large array of input fibers may be rearranged into various arrays of output fibers that contain selected ones from each of the input fibers. These rearrangement techniques can be used to create cross connects, optical switches, backplanes or in any application that requires optical fiber routing in a very small space due to the three-dimensional rearrangement of the fibers in the rearrangement area. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the sheathing which forms the housing  140  is only approximately two inches long and 0.16 inches in diameter. The housing  40  of the first embodiment is also approximately two inches long and approximately 0.5 inches in diameter, allowing for positioning of the rearrangement device  10  in confined spaces. 
     While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, which should be considered as merely exemplary. Further modifications and extensions of the present invention may be developed, and all such modifications are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.