Abstract:
A liquid crystal display is disclosed, which includes a panel having an array of pixels, a timing controller outputting image data and source control signals, a series of source drivers and a gate driver. One of the source drivers is selected to generate gate control signals by reference to at least one of the source control signals and transmitted to the gate driver. Thus, the gate driver along with the source drivers can drive the panel pixels.

Description:
[0001]     This application claims the benefit of Taiwan application Serial No. 94107564, filed Mar. 11, 2005, the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The invention relates in general to a liquid crystal display, and more particularly to a chip-on-glass liquid crystal display.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     Liquid crystal displays (LCD) have become more and more popular in computer monitors or TVs due to their light weight, flatness and low radiation, compared with the CRT monitor. In addition to improving the display quality of LCDs, such as color, contrast and brightness, the manufacturers try to improve the manufacturing process to reduce the cost and manufacturing time.  
         [0006]     The LCD includes a timing controller, source drivers and at least one gate driver to drive its liquid crystal panel. Conventionally, the timing controller is welded on a control print circuit board, the source drivers are welded on an X-board, and the gate driver is welded on a Y-board. The control print circuit board connects to the X-board via flexible printed circuit boards (FPCs), while the X-board and the Y board each connects to the liquid crystal panel via other FPCs. Therefore, the conventional LCD requires at least three boards to be connected to the panel and the manufacturing process is thus complex. In order to simplify the manufacturing process, the chip-on-glass (COG) LCD has been developed.  
         [0007]      FIG. 1  is diagram of a conventional COG LCD. The COG LCD  100  includes a panel  110 , a plurality of source drivers  112 , at least one gate driver  114 , a printed circuit board  120  and a plurality of flexible printed circuit boards  130 . The source drivers  112  and the gate driver  114  are disposed on the glass substrate of the panel  110  and electrically connected to the printed circuit board  120  via the flexible printed circuit boards  130 . The timing controller (not shown in  FIG. 1 ) is disposed on the printed circuit board  120 , and outputs image data and control signals to the source drivers  112  and the gate driver  114 . In COG LCD  100 , only one board (PCB  120 ), instead of three, is required to connect to the panel  110  via the FPCs  130 . Therefore, the manufacturing process is simplified.  
         [0008]     However, the manufacturing process of COG LCD is still not simplified enough because a plurality of flexible printed circuit boards are needed, and in the above example in  FIG. 1 , the number of flexible printed circuit boards is  11 . The flexible printed boards need a plurality of contact points with the liquid crystal panel and the possibility of electrical contact failure is thus increased.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0009]     It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a COG LCD that reduces the number of flexible printed circuit boards and to provide a transmission method for the LCD.  
         [0010]     It is another object of the invention to provide a method for generating gate control signals for reducing the number of flexible printed circuit boards.  
         [0011]     Furthermore, it is another object of the invention to provide an identifier of the source driver of the COG LCD and an identifying method thereof.  
         [0012]     It is another object of the invention to provide a source driver for single-way or dual-way transmission of the image data and the control signals from the timing controller.  
         [0013]     It is another object of the invention to provide a method for transmitting control signals by packets so as to reduce the number of transmission lines to one or a limited number and reduce the number of flexible printed circuit boards.  
         [0014]     It is another object of the invention to provide a method for power management so as to save power consumption of the COG LCD.  
         [0015]     The invention achieves the above-identified objects by providing a liquid crystal display that comprises a panel, a timing controller, source drivers and at least one gate driver. The panel has pixels arranged in a matrix. The timing controller outputs image data and a source control signal. The source drivers are connected in series and one of the source drivers is selected to generate a gate control signal by reference to the source control signal. The gate driver, along with the source drivers, drives the panel according to the gate control signal.  
         [0016]     The invention achieves the above-identified objects by providing a method for generating a gate control signal of a liquid crystal display. The method first provides image data and a source control signal to the source drivers. Next, one source driver is selected to generate a gate control signal to the gate driver by reference to the source control signal for driving the panel by the gate driver and the source drivers.  
         [0017]     Other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred but non-limiting embodiments. The following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0018]      FIG. 1  is diagram of a conventional COG LCD.  
         [0019]      FIG. 2A  is a diagram of a chip-on-glass (COG) liquid crystal display (LCD) according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.  
         [0020]      FIG. 2B  is a diagram of a COG LCD according to another preferred embodiment of the invention.  
         [0021]      FIG. 3  is a diagram of control signals of the source drivers and the gate drivers of the LCD.  
         [0022]      FIG. 4  is a format diagram of a control packet.  
         [0023]      FIG. 5A  is a diagram of the source driver according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.  
         [0024]      FIG. 5B  is a block diagram of the wave generator in  FIG. 5A .  
         [0025]      FIG. 5C  is a block diagram of the ID recognizer in  FIG. 5B .  
         [0026]      FIG. 5D  is a waveform diagram of control signal POL.  
         [0027]      FIG. 5E  is a waveform diagram of the generation of the control signal TP.  
         [0028]      FIG. 6A  is a flowchart of a convergent transmission method for power saving.  
         [0029]      FIG. 6B  is a flowchart of a divergent transmission method for power saving.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0030]      FIG. 2A  is a diagram of a chip-on-glass (COG) liquid crystal display (LCD) according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. The LCD  200  includes a panel  210 , a plurality of source drivers (S/D)  212 ( 1 )- 212 ( 10 ), at least one gate driver  214 , a printed circuit board  220  and flexible printed circuit boards (FPC)  230  and  232 . The source drivers  212  and gate driver  214  are disposed on the glass substrate of the panel  210  by chip-on-glass technology. The timing controller  225  is disposed on the printed circuit board  220  for outputting image data and control signals both to source drivers  212 ( 3 ) and  212 ( 8 ) respectively via the flexible printed circuit boards  230  and  232 . Via the wires on the glass substrate, the source driver  212 ( 3 ) transmits the image data and the control signals to the neighboring source drivers  212 ( 1 ),  212 ( 2 ),  212 ( 4 ) and  212 ( 5 ), and the source driver  212 ( 8 ) transmits the image data and the control signals to the neighboring source drivers  212 ( 5 ),  212 ( 6 ),  212 ( 7 ),  212 ( 8 ) and  212 ( 10 ). Based on the control signals, one of the source drivers, such as the source driver  212 ( 1 ), which is nearest to the gate driver  214 , can generate gate control signals G to the gate driver  214 . The reason to choose the source driver nearest to the gate driver  212  is to reduce the length of the wire therebetween so as to effectively reduce the distortions and delays of the gate control signals G. It is worthy of noting that other source drives can also be used to generate the gate control signals G, not just limited to the source driver  212 ( 1 ). In this embodiment, the number of flexible printed circuit boards are greatly reduced to  2  because the LCD uses the wires disposed on the glass substrate for transmitting the image data and the control signals.  
         [0031]     Each of the source drivers  212  has a first operation mode and a second operation mode. The source driver  212 ( 3 ) and the source driver  212 ( 8 ) are set to the first operation mode to execute the dual-way transmission. That is, the source driver  212 ( 3 ) and the source driver  212 ( 8 ) each receives the image data and control signals from the timing controller  225  and transmits them to the neighboring source drivers at both the right side and the left side thereof. Taking the source driver  212 ( 3 ) for example, the source driver  212 ( 3 ) can simultaneously transmit the image data and control signals to both the neighboring source driver  212 ( 2 ) and  212 ( 4 ), which are located at the two sides of the source driver  212 ( 3 ). The source drivers  212 ( 1 ),  212 ( 2 ),  212 ( 4 )- 212 ( 7 ),  212 ( 9 ) and  212 ( 10 ) are set to the second operation mode to execute single-way transmission, and are not directly connected to the timing controller  225 . That is, the source drivers  212 ( 1 ),  212 ( 2 ),  212 ( 4 )- 212 ( 7 ),  212 ( 9 ) and  212 ( 10 ) each can receive the image data and the control signals from the right (or left) source driver and transmit them to the left (or right) source driver. Taking the source driver  212 ( 2 ) for example, it receives the image data and the control signals from the source driver  212 ( 3 ) at the right side thereof and transmits them to the source driver  212 ( 1 ) at the left side thereof. In the embodiment, the LCD  200  is a big screen monitor having  10  source drivers and two flexible printed circuit board  230  and  232 . The number of flexible printed circuit boards is not limited to two as long as the distortions and delays of signals are acceptable.  
         [0032]     In the embodiment, the source drivers are divided into a left group including source drivers  212 ( 1 )- 212 ( 5 ) and a right group including source drivers  212 ( 6 )- 212 ( 10 ). The flexible printed circuit board  230  connects to the center source drivers  212 ( 3 ) of the left group, and the flexible printed circuit board  232  connects to the center source drivers  212 ( 8 ) of the right group, such that the distortions and delays of signals, caused by the parasitic capacitance and resistance, can be minimized. On the other hand, the source drivers can also be divided into more than three groups and each group directly connects to the timing controller via a flexible printed circuit board, so long as the distortions and delays of the signals are acceptable.  
         [0033]      FIG. 2B  is a diagram of a COG LCD  250  according to another preferred embodiment of the invention. Compared with the LCD  200 , the LCD  250  further includes a gate driver  216  at the right side of the panel  210 . The gate drivers  214  and  216  together drive the panel  210  from two sides thereof. The other elements of LCD  250  are the same as those as described above.  
         [0034]      FIG. 3  is a diagram of control signals of the source drivers and the gate drivers of the LCD. The control signals include gate control signals G and source control signals S. The gate control signals G include a gate driver start signal STV for representing the start of a frame, a gate clock signal CPV for enabling a gate line, and a gate driver output enable signal OEV for defining the enabled duration of the gate line. The source control signals S include a source driver start signal STH for notifying the source driver to start to prepare the data of a horizontal line, a data enable signal DE for starting to receive data, a load signal TP for starting to output driving voltages to the data lines, and a polarization control signal POL for controlling the polarization inversion.  
         [0035]     When the source driver start signal STH is asserted, the source driver  212  starts to prepare to receive data, and after a period td 1 , the data enable signal DE is asserted such that the timing controller  225  starts to output the image data to the source drivers  212 . The source drivers  212  generate the driving voltage with the polarization designated by the polarization control signal POL and then outputs the driving voltages to the panel  210  according to the load signal Tp.  
         [0036]     In the conventional LCD  100 , the control signals are outputted by the timing controller directly to each source driver  112  and the gate driver  114 . Each control signal conventionally needs at least one wire to transmit, and thus a plurality of wires are required. The control signals are easily distorted and delayed because the wires between the timing controller and the source drivers and the gate driver have parasitic capacitance and resistance.  
         [0037]     In the present embodiment, the timing controller  225  integrates the control signals into a control bitstream C and transmits it by a wire to the source drivers  212 . For example, the control signals can be packed into a plurality of control packets, each representing an event relevant to a control signal. The timing controller  225  can designate one source driver  212  to receive the control packet by a target identification. The target identification is, for example, included in the control packet for each source driver to identify. After receiving the control packet, the source driver  212  can decode the control packet to generate the control signal. Therefore, the number of the wires required to transmit the control signals is thus greatly reduced in the present embodiment.  
         [0038]     The source driver  212  has a built-in identification so as to identify whether a received control packet is for its own by comparing the target identification of the control packet with the built-in identification.  
         [0000]     [Transmission Protocol of the Control Bitstream] 
         [0039]     Conventionally, the control signals are each transmitted by a wire from the timing controller to the source driver/gate driver. The source drivers and the gate driver each needs a plurality of control signals and thus the number of the wires for transmitting the control signals is great. Therefore, number of wires in the conventional flexible printed circuit board is also great. The conventional structure thus requires a flexible printed circuit board of high-cost and quality. The lengths of the wires between the timing controller and the source drivers/gate driver are so long as to incur delays and distortions of the signals.  
         [0040]     In the present embodiment, the timing controller  225  transmits the control bitstream C to the source driver a minimum of wires. The control bitstream C includes a plurality of control packets, each representing an event of one corresponding control signal, such as a pull high event or a pull low event. After receiving the control packet, the source driver  212  generates the corresponding control signal by pulling high or pulling low accordingly.  
         [0041]      FIG. 4  is a format diagram of a control packet. A control packet includes a header field  310  and a control item, which includes a control field  312  and a data field  314 . The header field  310  records a predetermined pattern for identifying the start of a packet, for example, 0×11111. The control field  312  records the type of the event, such as the STH event, the TP event, the pull high event, the pull low event and the initialization event. The data field  314  records the parameters of the event.  
         [0042]     In the present embodiment, each control packet has 16 bits. If receiving the control packet by dual-edge sampling, it takes 8 clocks to read one control packet. That is, the control signal generated by a pull high event and a pull low event must remain at high level for at least a duration of 8 clocks. The control signals POL, CPV, STV, OEV can each be generated by a pull high event and a pull low event. The control signal that has a duration of less than 8 clocks, such as control signals STH and TP, are generated respectively by the STH event and the TP event. After receiving the STH event/TP event, the source driver pulls high the control signal STH/TP for a pre-determined period td 2 /tw 1  and then pulls low the control signal STH/TP. It is worth noticing that the sampling method for receiving the control packet is not limited to dual-edge sampling. Rising-edge sampling or falling-edge sampling can also be used.  
         [0043]     In regard to the control packet having the control field  312  recording the STH event, the data field  314  thereof records the target identification. For example, the source drivers  212 ( 1 )- 212 ( 10 ) have the built-in identifications of 0×0001-0×1010, respectively. After receiving the control packet with STH event, the source driver compares the target identification of this control packet with the built-in identification, pulls high the control signal STH if the comparison is matched, and then pulls low the control signal STH after a period td 2 .  
         [0044]     From  FIG. 3 , it can be seen that the control signals TP and CPV are pulled high at the same time, so after receiving the control packet with TP event, control signals TP and CPV are pulled high. The control signal TP is then pulled low after a period tw 1 , and the control signal CPV is pulled low after receiving the control packet with pull low event of CPV.  
         [0045]     Control signals POL, STV and OEV are generated by a pull high event and a pull low event. In regard to the control packet with the control field  312  recording a pull high event, its data field  314  designates which signal is to be pulled high. In regard to the control packet with the control field  312  recording a pull low event, its data field  314  designates which signal is to be pulled low.  
         [0046]     In regard to the control packet with the control field  312  recording an initialization event, several kinds of initialization can be set, such as the fan out of the source drivers. Other kinds of events can also be represented by the control packets.  
         [0047]     In the present embodiment, as a minimum of wires is required to transmit the control bitstream C, the number of wires connecting the timing controller and the source drivers are greatly reduced, the layout of the circuit is simplified, and stability is enhanced. In addition, the control bitstream C can integrate only a part of the control signals and leave other parts of the control signals to be transmitted respectively in independent wires. Although not all the control signals are integrated to the control bitstream, the number of wires can still be reduced.  
         [0000]     [Source Drivers] 
         [0048]      FIG. 5A  is a diagram of the source driver according to the preferred embodiment of the invention. The source driver  212  includes receivers  410 ,  412 , transceivers  413 ,  415 , a bus switch  422 , wave generators  420 ,  421 , and a driving unit  434 . The transceiver  413  includes a control transceiver  414  and a data transceiver  424 , and the transceiver  415  includes a control transceiver  416  and a data transceiver  426 .  
         [0049]     The bus switch  422  includes two switches SW 1  and SW 2 . When the source driver,  212 ( 3 ) or  212 ( 8 ) in this embodiment, operates at a first operation mode, the bus switch turns off the switches SW 1  and SW 2  such that the control transceiver  414  and  416  are disconnected from each other and the data transceiver  424  and  426  are disconnected from each other. Thus, the control bitstream C 1  and the image data D 1  received by the receiver  410  are transmitted to the control transceiver  414  and the data transceiver  424 , respectively, and the control bitstream C 2  and the image data D 2  received by the receiver  410  are transmitted to the control transceiver  416  and the data transceiver  426 , respectively.  
         [0050]     When the source driver,  212 ( 1 )- 212 ( 2 ),  212 ( 4 )- 212 ( 7 ),  212 ( 9 ), or  212 ( 10 ) in this embodiment, operates in a second operation mode, the receivers  410  and  412  are disabled, and the bus switch turns on the switches SW 1  and SW 2  such that the transceivers  413  and  415  are interconnected, that is, the data transceivers  424  and  426  are connected to each other and the control transceivers  414  and  416  are connected to each other. Thus, the source driver can transmit the control bitstream and the image data received to the next adjacent source driver in response to the designated transmission direction.  
         [0051]     The wave generators  420  and  421  receive the control bitstream C 1  and C 2  respectively for generating source control signals S, such as STH( 1 ), STH( 2 ), POL( 1 ), POL( 2 ), TP( 1 ) and TP( 2 ), etc., and thus generating the gate control signals G, such as CPV( 1 ), CPV( 2 ), STV( 1 ), STV( 2 ), OEV( 1 ), OEV( 2 ) and etc. The control signals G are generated by one of the source drivers. In the LCD  200  in  FIG. 2A , one of the source drivers  212 , such as  212 ( 1 ) that is nearest to the gate driver  214 , generates the gate control signals G, while the other source drivers  212  do not. In the LCD  250  in  FIG. 2B , two source drivers, such as  212 ( 1 ) and  212 ( 10 ) that are respectively nearest to the gate drivers  214  and  216 , generate the gate control signals G respectively for the gate drivers  214  and  216 , while others do not.  
         [0052]     When receiving the signal STH, the driving unit  434  starts to latch image data D for converting to analog driving voltages in response to the signal POL, and then transmits the analog driving signals to the panel  210  after receiving the load signal TP.  
         [0053]     In the first-operation-mode source driver, such as  212 ( 3 ), the wave generators  420  and  421  are both activated to receive the control bitstreams C 1  and C 2 , respectively, and generate the source control signals S and the gate control signals G, while the control bitstream C 1  and C 2  are independent, and image data D 1  and D 2  are independent. On the other hand, in the second-operation-mode source driver, such as  212 ( 2 ) or  212 ( 4 ), the control bitstream C 1  is the control bitstream C 2 , and the image data D 1  is the image data D 2 , so only one of the wave generators  420  and  421  is activated to generate the source control signals S and the gate control signals G. The other wave generator in the second-operation-mode source driver can be disabled, omitted or still activated to generate the source control signals S and the gate control signals G.  
         [0054]      FIG. 5B  is a block diagram of the wave generator in  FIG. 5A . Each of the wave generators  420  and  421  includes a parser  451 , an ID recognizer  453 , a signal generator  460  and an initiator  470 . The parser  451  receives the control bitstream C to parse the control item, including the control field  312  and a data field  314 , of a control packet, and sends the parsed control item to the ID recognizer  453 , the signal generator  460  or the initiator  470 . The control item with the identity event, which is the STH event in this embodiment, is sent to the ID recognizer  453 ; the control item with the pull high event or the pull low event is set to the signal generator  460 ; the control item with the initialization event is sent to the initiator  470 .  
         [0055]      FIG. 5C  is a block diagram of the ID recognizer in  FIG. 5B . The recognizer  453  includes a comparator  456 . Each source driver has a unique chip identity IDp. The chip identity IDp is set externally, for example by, respectively, pulling high or pulling low the pins of the source driver on the glass substrate. The comparator  456  triggers the signal STH when the comparison of the chip identity IDp with a target identity IDt extracted from the control packet is matched. The duration time td 2  of the signal STH can be pre-determined in the comparator  456 .  
         [0056]     The signal generator  460  pulls high the corresponding signal after receiving the control item with the pull high event. The level of the pull-high signal is maintained until the signal generator  460  receives the corresponding control item with the pull low event. Taking generation of the control signal POL for example,  FIG. 5D  is a waveform diagram of control signal POL. When receiving the control item with the pull high event H, the signal generator  460  pulls high the signal PH; when receiving the control with the corresponding pull low event L, the signal generator  460  pulls low the signal PL. The coupling of the signal PH and the signal PL is the signal POL. The other control signals, such as CPV, STV, OEV, are also generated by the above-mentioned procedure.  
         [0057]     The control signal is not suitable to be generated by the pull high event and the pull low event if the duration time of the high level of the control signal is less than 8 clocks, such as the control signal TP, since it takes 8 clocks for the wave generator to read a control packet.  FIG. 5E  is a waveform diagram of the generation of the control signal TP. When receiving the control item with the pull high event H of the control signal TP, the signal generator  460  pulls high the signal TH, then counts for a pre-determined period tw 1 , and then pulls low the signal TL. The coupling of the signal TH and the signal TL is the control signal TP.  
         [0058]     The gate control signals G can also be generated according to the source control signals, such as STH or TP, as shown in  FIG. 3 . The signal CPV is generated according to the control signal STH. When the control signal STH of the source driver  212 ( 1 ) is asserted, the counter thereof is activated, and the signal CPV is pulled high after a period td 6 , and, after a period tw 4 , the signal CPV is pulled low. The signal STV is generated according to the control signal STH. When the control signal STH of the source driver  212 ( 1 ) is asserted, the signal STV is pulled high after a period td 7  and then pulled low after a period tw 5 . The signal OEV is generated according to the control signal STH. When the control signal STH of the source driver  212 ( 1 ) is asserted, the signal OEV is pulled high after a period td 8  passed and pulled low after a period tw 6  passed.  
         [0059]     After receiving the control item with the initialization event, the initiator  470  outputs a DC value to set the corresponding parameter.  
         [0060]     The source driver of the present embodiment can reduce the control signal decay because the source control signals are generated by the source driver itself, not by the timing controller in the conventional manner.  
         [0061]     In addition, the present embodiment can reduce the number of wires from the timing controller to the gate driver because the source driver can generate the gate control signals and directly send them to the gate driver via the wires on the glass substrate. The quality of the gate control signals are thus improved because the lengths of the transmission wires are reduced.  
         [0000]     [Power Management] 
         [0062]      FIG. 6A  is a flowchart of a convergent transmission method for power saving. The source drivers  212 ( 1 )- 212 ( 5 ) in  FIG. 2A  are taken as an example. First, at step  610 , the source drivers  212 ( 1 ) and  212 ( 5 ), which have the farthest distances away from the timing controller  225 , receive the image data transmitted by the timing controller  225  via the source drivers. The power-saving mode is entered, which turns off the power for the data transceivers  424  and  426  of the source drivers  212 ( 1 ) and  212 ( 5 ), for example. Next, at step  612 , the source drivers  212 ( 2 ) and  212 ( 4 ), which are the active ones having the farthest distances away from the timing controller  225 , receive the image data and then enter the power-saving mode, which turns of the power for the data transceivers  424  and  426  of the source drivers  212 ( 2 ) and  212 ( 4 ), for example. Next, at step  614 , the source driver  212 ( 3 ) receives the image data from the timing controller  225  and then enters the power-saving mode. It is noted that, in the power-saving mode, the power for the control transceiver  416  and  414  of the source driver should not be turned off. Then, at step  616 , each of the source drivers  212 ( 1 )- 212 ( 5 ) receives the load signal TP and then is activated to start to drive the panel  210 . The transmission method can also apply to the source drivers  212 ( 6 )- 212 ( 10 ).  
         [0063]      FIG. 6B  is a flowchart of a divergent transmission method for power saving. The source drivers  212 ( 1 )- 212 ( 5 ) in  FIG. 2A  are taken as an example. First, the source drivers  212 ( 1 )- 212 ( 5 ) enter the power-saving mode. Next, at step  622 , the source driver  212 ( 3 ), which is nearest to the timing controller  225 , is activated to receive the image data transmitted by the timing controller  225 . Next, at step  624 , the source drivers  212 ( 2 ) and  212 ( 4 ) are activated to receive the image data. Next, at step  626 , the source drivers  212 ( 1 ) and  212 ( 5 ) are activated to receive the image data. The transmission method can also apply to the source drivers  212 ( 6 )- 212 ( 10 ).  
         [0064]     In the power-saving mode, at least the power for data transceivers and the driving unit can be turned off. The data transceivers transmit the image data, which have large voltage swings and high frequency that make the power consumption great. Thus the power-saving convergent/divergent transmission methods can reduce unnecessary data transmission for saving power. The power for the control transceivers of the source driver should not be turned off, so that the source driver can still receive the control bitstream and operate responsively.  
         [0065]     The convergent transmission method and the divergent transmission method can be applied at the same time. For example, the source drivers  212 ( 1 )- 212 ( 3 ) can use the convergent transmission method, while the source drivers  212 ( 4 )- 212 ( 5 ) use the divergent transmission method, or vice versa  
         [0066]     While the invention has been described by way of example and in terms of a preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. On the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements and procedures, and the scope of the appended claims therefore should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements and procedures.