Abstract:
A system that permits biological samples to be viewed in three optical ways, including in three dimension (stereoscopic), two dimension (compound optic), and macro with reflected light fluorescence. Each of three optical views can be carried out on one system. The system permits the user to sort samples under stereo fluorescence illumination and to verify structural detail under compound optic fluorescence illumination on one instrument. The three position rotating objective carrier with automatic shift houses one stereoscopic and two compound objectives. All objectives are parcenter and parfocal.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE 
   This application claims priority from Provisional Application No. 60/212,737, filed on Jun. 20, 2000. 

   FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention is directed to a microscope that permits up to three optical techniques in one system. The microscope allows biological samples, as an example, to be viewed in three dimension (stereoscopic), two dimension (compound optic) and macro in either of reflected light fluorescence or transmitted light brightfield. An embodiment of the microscope permits the user to sort samples under stereo fluorescence illumination and to verify structural detail under compound optic fluorescence illumination on one instrument. An additional embodiment includes a three position rotating objective turret with automatic shift which houses one stereoscopic and two compound objectives. All objectives are, by way of example, parcenter and parfocal. 
   RELATED ART 
   Conventionally, fluorescence equipped stereo microscopes permit users to view samples, typically in a magnification range of 10×–120×. If the magnification is sufficient to observe the structure in fluorescence, then sorting of the sample is possible. On the other hand, if the magnification is insufficient to view the structure in common, each sample must be taken out of the Petri dish, placed on a microscope slide, and transferred to another high magnification compound fluorescence microscope for evaluation and selection. The prior art thus was extremely tedious and time consuming. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved microscope which overcomes all of the problems identified above. 
   The system according to the invention thus has the following advantages. First, it provides two-dimension and three-dimension images on one microscope system for viewing under both transmitted light brightfield and reflected light fluorescence. An objective turret with automatic shift is provided for one stereo objective and one or more compound objectives. When the objective turret with automatic shift rotates from stereo objective to compound objective, the microscope automatically shifts left to a single optical axial system. Both the stereo objective and the compound objective positions allow the sample in view to remain in the middle of the area seen by the observer. That is, the objectives remain parcenter and parfocal. 
   The system according to the present invention further provides interchangeable barrier filter sliders on fluorescence filter modules. A magnetic device is provided for proper filter module positioning on the turret. 
   The system further provides a unique base that offers both tilting mirrors for stereoscopic (3D) microscope use and a high aperture lens for compound (2D) imaging with high power objectives. A shutter system includes a foot-pedal controlled shutter for transmitted light, switchable to:
         a. always open for continuous transmitted light;   b. controlled by the foot pedal; or   c. OFF—always closed.       

   According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus having a microscope for viewing samples in stereoscopic and in compound optical images in transmitted light brightfield and reflected light fluorescence, said microscope comprising: a stereo objective; a compound objective; an objective turret with automatic shift carrying said stereo objective and said compound objective; a stereo microscope body that is shiftable about an axis to be placed properly over the stereo objective or the compound objective; a transmitted light base for providing illumination for transmitted light brightfield for said stereo and compound objectives; and a prism shift mechanism to create binocular images from a single axis compound image created. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent with reference to the following description and drawings. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates a side view of the microscope according to the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  illustrates a top view of the transmitted light base from the microscope of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a rear view of the transmitted light base from the microscope of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a top view of the auto prism shift assembly from the microscope of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a bottom view of the objective turret with automatic shift from the microscope of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a top view of a quadruple filter turret assembly and filter module from the microscope of  FIG. 1 ; and 
       FIGS. 7(   a ), ( b ), ( c ) and ( d ) illustrate further views of the filter module from the microscope of  FIG. 1 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   Referring to the figures, the microscope according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention permits the users to view and sort biological samples. For example, microscopic animals including worms, fish embryos, and fruit fly embryos, etc., and/or those samples that exhibit fluorescence in as small an area as a single cell may be viewed and sorted in either of 2D or 3D, and such may be done using the preferred embodiment of the present invention in rapid fashion. The samples typically are held in a Petri dish with hundreds of animals present. 
     FIG. 1  is a side view of the microscope. The microscope includes a transmitted light base  1 , compound objective  31 , focus drive  3 , an auto prism shift mechanism  28 , viewing head  5 , eyepieces  6 , GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) Quad turret illuminator  7 , stereo microscope body  8 , objective turret with automatic shift  9 , and a stereo objective  29 . 
     FIG. 2  shows a top view of the transmitted light base  1 . It includes a control knob for selecting condenser or mirror (with aperture control)  11 , aperture diaphragm  12 , power supply  13 , fiberoptic bundle  14 , solenoid switch  15 , switch box  16 , high power condenser  17 , frosted mirror  18 , adjustment knob for mirror tilt  19 , and a plain mirror  20 . 
     FIG. 3  shows a rear view of the transmitted light base  1 , which further includes a fiberoptic bundle  14 , switch box  16 , solenoid  23 , and a power supply  13 . 
     FIG. 4  is a top view of an auto prism shift assembly  4 . The assembly includes a special combining prism  25  which splits single beam path image into two beam path binocular images for viewing by observer, linkage for prism adjustment  26 , magnet for quick release  27 , and a flexible cable for auto shift mechanism  28  which attaches to objective turret with automatic shift  9 . 
     FIG. 5  is a bottom view of the objective turret with automatic shift  9 . It includes a stereo objective receptacle  29 , auto axial shift mechanism  30 , and two receptacles for two compound objectives  31 . When rotating objective turret with automatic shift ( 9 ), the microscope carrier (B) automatically moves from the stereo objective to the compound objective position. 
     FIG. 6  depicts a top view of a quadruple filter turret assembly and filter module, including permanent magnets  32 ,  34 , filter module  36 , and filter turret  35 . 
     FIGS. 7   a,    7   b,    7   c  and  7   d  illustrate various views of filter modules, including filter module  36 , a safety key  37  and a barrier filter slider  38 . 
   In accordance with the present invention, the transmitted light base  1  allows for both stereoscopic and compound brightfield illumination. The two tilting mirrors  18 ,  20  ( FIG. 2 ), one shiny and one diffused, allow for varied stereo illumination. The high aperture transmitted light condenser  17  ( FIG. 2 ) for the compound optic is located on the slider. This has an aperture diaphragm control  11 . 
   The microscopic system combines the capabilities of a stereo fluorescence microscope and the optics of a compound microscope for fluorescence on one system. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional images are on one system. It permits fluorescence observations in the stereoscopic mode (mag. 10×–120×). In addition the system has an objective turret with automatic shift  9  which can hold two infinity corrected high magnification, long working distance lenses  31  (mag. possible up to 700×) as well as the stereo lens  29  ( FIG. 5 ). When either of these lenses is rotated into the optical path, the stereo microscope optical system  8  ( FIG. 1 ) shifts to the left while the objective remains over the center of the optical field. This allows the optical center to remain constant and the compound objective now functions through the right side optical axis of the stereo microscope. This new resulting 2-D high magnification fluorescence image is then split with a prism  25  ( FIG. 4 ) to create binocular observation. 
   The fluorescence filter modules (double cubes)  36  are housed in the circular chamber with a 4-position turret  7  ( FIGS. 1 and 6 ). The filter modules have an excitation filter; one dichroic mirror and two interchangeable barrier filters on the slider  38  ( FIG. 7A ). The use of the single, 100% reflecting dichroic mirror permits excitation to pass thru the stereo scope lens and/or the two high power lenses as well. The filter modules are held in place on the turret  35  ( FIG. 6 ) (in exact placement) with the magnetic device  32 ,  34 . 
   The invention also has a unique transmitted light base  1 . In the stereo microscope mode, there are two tilting mirrors  18 ,  20  ( FIG. 2 ) in base, which reflects the illumination up to the sample. When high magnification transmitted light is required, the base includes the high numerical aperture condenser  17 . It slides into the light path and the tilting mirror slides out. Therefore, on one base, both stereo tilting mirror and high aperture compound condenser are switchable. In addition the system has a foot pedal controlled solenoid shutter  23  to engage transmitted light. 
   The filter modules can be moved in and out of the path so that the system can function either as a fluorescence scope, or as a clear path optical system with no filters present in the path. In addition the cubes have a unique design. The barrier filter pair is installed on the slider  38 . One filter module has interchangeable barrier filter sets. 
   For example, one filter module for Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) excitation: 
   
     
       
             
             
             
             
           
         
             
                 
                 
             
           
           
             
                 
               Filter module has 
               exciter filter: 
               470 mm 
             
             
                 
                 
               Dichroic mirror: 
               485 mm 
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
        
       
     
   
   Two sliders available for emission either 500 LP or 525BP 
   Sliders are interchangeable so that on one filter module, the user can see either wideband (500 LP) or narrow band (525 BP) GFP by exchanging barrier filter sliders. 
   With further reference to  FIG. 1 , the system includes the following salient features to carry out the invention. The system includes the foot pedal controlled solenoid shutter  23  ( FIG. 3 ) to engage and disengage the transmitted light base  1 . The four-position vertical fluorescence illuminator  7  uses magnets  32 ,  34  to grab and align filter modules  36  ( FIGS. 7   a,    7   b,    7   c,    7   d ) into the correct optical position. 
   The objective turret with automatic shift  9  is linked to an automated axial shift mechanism  30  ( FIG. 5 ). When the stereo objective is in place, the stereo objective is centered under the dual path of the stereo optics carrier. This permits 3D observation in fluorescence. When the objective turret with automatic shift is rotated to being either of the compound lenses  31  into position, the microscope carrier B is automatically shifted so that the single right hand optical pathway of the stereo optics carrier is centered above the compound objective. This now permits a 2D observation in fluorescence. The sample remains parcenter to the field of view since the stereo objective and compound objective each stop in the exact same position. In addition the objectives are adjustable to be parfocal to each other. 
   The objective carrier with automatic shift  9  is also automatically linked to the prism shift mechanism  4 . When the objective carrier with automatic shift  9  is in stereo position, the prism  25  ( FIG. 4 ) is automatically out of path. When the objective carrier with automatic shift  9  is rotated to compound position, the prism  25  is automatically shifted into position. This prism  25  then takes the single beam path of observable light from the right hand optical path, and splits it into a binocular image for binocular observation. It can be manually slid out of the path to allow 2× light intensity. 
   Additionally the stereo lens  29  is capable of moving to the right hand optical path so that the system can function as a macro single path optical system for image analysis. In addition, the beam split prism  25  can be slid out to offer 2× light intensity for macro observation. 
   The fluorescence filter modules  36  allows for one filter module to be utilized for all three techniques: stereo 3D, compound 2D observations and macro. The filter module excites only through the right optical path and emits through both, thus providing multi-use capability. 
   Provisional application (Serial No. 60/212,737, filed Jun. 20, 2000) is incorporated herein by reference for all which it discloses and illustrates. 
   There has thus been shown and described a microscope which fulfills all of the objects and advantages sought therefore. Many changes, modifications, variations, and other uses and applications of the subject invention will, however, become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering the specification on the accompanying drawings which disclosed preferred embodiments thereof. Also, changes, modifications, variations, and other uses and applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the in invention which is limited only by the claims which follow.