Abstract:
Methods and systems for providing an electronic version of a printed paper, where the electronic version is a translation of another version of the printed paper.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of, and claims a benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. 120 of the filing date of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/690,366, by inventor Billy P. Taylor, entitled “METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FORMING A HYPERLINK WITHIN A DIGITAL VERSION OF A MASS-PRODUCED PRINTED PAPER” filed on Oct. 16, 2000, which in turn claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to provisional patent application No. 60/208,015, by inventor Billy P. Taylor, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREPARING PRINTED MATTER FOR DELIVERY TO PERSONAL COMPUTERS” filed May 26, 2000, the entire contents of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference for all purposes. 
     This application relates to co-pending U.S. Patent Applications (a) Ser. No. 09/690,368, entitled “METHOD, SYSTEM AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR DISPLAYING A VERSION OF A PAPER”; (b) Ser. No. 09/690,199, entitled “METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FORMING A HYPERLINK REFERENCE AND EMBEDDING THE HYPERLINK REFERENCE WITHIN AN ELECTRONIC VERSION OF A PAPER,” now U.S. Pat. No. 7,447,771; (c) Ser. No. 09/690,680, entitled “METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IDENTIFYING A SELECTABLE PORTION OF A DIGITAL VERSION OF A MASS-PRODUCED PRINTED PAPER”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,850,260; (d) Ser. No. 09/690,367, entitled “METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TRANSLATING A DIGITAL VERSION OF A PAPER,” now U.S. Pat. No. 7,181,679; and (e) Ser. No. 09/690,677, entitled “METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REPLACING CONTENT IN A DIGITAL VERSION OF A MASS-PRODUCED PRINTED PAPER,” now U.S. Pat. No. 6,845,273. Each of these co-pending applications were filed Oct. 16, 2000, names Billy P. Taylor as an inventor, and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and is assigned to the assignee of this application. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The disclosures herein relate generally to information processing systems, and more particularly to a method and system for displaying a digital version of a mass-produced printed paper. 
     Newspapers, magazines, trade journals, and other periodicals and mass-produced printed papers have existed in various forms for several hundred years. Many consumers consider such papers to be highly credible, entertaining and/or efficient sources of information. In contrast, many consumers may view the appearance of an Internet site (“website”) as being less appealing and more cumbersome to navigate. 
     Publishers of mass-produced printed papers have encountered declining readership and increasing production costs. In response, many of these publishers have established respective websites to display some, but often not all, of the printed content of their papers. Nevertheless, many of these websites have failed to generate adequate revenue to support themselves. One reason could be that many consumers may view the appearance of such a website as being less appealing than the mass-produced printed paper itself and more cumbersome to navigate. 
     Accordingly, a need has arisen for a method and system for displaying a digital version of a mass-produced printed paper, in which consumers may view the appearance of a digital version as being at least as appealing as the mass-produced printed paper itself and less cumbersome to navigate. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to one embodiment, a method performed by a computer system. The method includes storing a version of a mass-produced printed paper, identifying at least a subset of characters within the version, and in response to the identified subset, forming at least one hyperlink within the version, the version being displayable on a display device as a likeness of the paper including an indicator of a hyperlink. 
     A principal advantage of these embodiments is that various shortcomings of previous techniques are overcome. For example, a principal advantage of these embodiments is that consumers may view the appearance of a digital version as being at least as appealing as the mass-produced printed paper itself and less cumbersome to navigate. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a diagram of an embodiment of a system according to the illustrative embodiment. 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a representative one of the computer systems of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   a  is an illustration of a screen of a prior art website of a periodical. 
         FIG. 3   b  is an illustration of a first screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   c  is an illustration of a second screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   d  is an illustration of a third screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   e  is an illustration of a first toolbar displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   f  is an illustration of a fourth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   g  is an illustration of a fifth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   h  is an illustration of a sixth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   i  is an illustration of a seventh screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   j  is an illustration of a second toolbar displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   k  is an illustration of an eighth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   l  is an illustration of a ninth screen, a tenth screen, and an eleventh screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   m  is an illustration of a first menu box displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   n  is an illustration of a twelfth screen and a thirteenth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   o  is an illustration of a fourteenth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   p  is an illustration of a fifteenth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   q  is an illustration of a sixteenth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   r  is an illustration of a seventeenth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   s  is an illustration of an eighteenth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   t  is an illustration of a nineteenth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   u  is an illustration of a twentieth screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   v  is an illustration of a twenty-first screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   w  is an illustration of a twenty-second screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   x  is an illustration of a twenty-third screen displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   y  is an illustration of a second menu box displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   z  is an illustration of a third menu box displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   aa  is an illustration of a fourth menu box displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3   bb  is an illustration of a fifth menu box displayable by a display device of the system of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 4  is an illustration of an embodiment of an operation performed by the system of  FIG. 1  for translating a digital version of a mass-produced printed paper. 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram of an embodiment of a format in the system of  FIG. 1  for storing a digital version of a mass-produced printed paper. 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart of an embodiment of an operation performed by the system of  FIG. 1  for forming hyperlinks within a digital version of a mass-produced printed paper. 
         FIG. 7   a  is a flowchart of an embodiment of operations performed by the system of  FIG. 1  for performing various functions with a digital version of a mass-produced printed paper. 
         FIG. 7   b  is a first extension of the flowchart of  FIG. 7   a.    
         FIG. 7   c  is a second extension of the flowchart of  FIG. 7   a.    
         FIG. 7   d  is a third extension of the flowchart of  FIG. 7   a.    
         FIG. 8   a  is a flowchart of an embodiment of an operation performed by the system of  FIG. 1  for creating a list of watch list terms. 
         FIG. 8   b  is a flowchart of an embodiment of an operation performed by the system of  FIG. 1  for searching a digital version of a mass-produced printed paper in response to a list of watch list terms. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  is a diagram of an embodiment of a system, indicated generally at  100 , according to the illustrative embodiment. A mass-produced printed paper includes any mass-produced printed material (e.g., paper, newsprint, newspaper, or other hardcopy document) that is distributed to a large audience, as for example by mass-market publication or distribution to a large private audience. Mass-produced includes being manufactured in large quantities, as for example by assembly-line techniques. Mass-market includes being of, relating to, or produced for consumption by large numbers of people. Publication includes the distribution of printed material to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending, including for example the offering to distribute printed material to a group of persons for purposes of further distribution, public performance, or public display. Hardcopy includes a printed copy of the output of a computer or word processor or other device. 
     In  FIG. 1 , content publisher computer systems  102   a ,  102   b , and  102   c  output versions of mass-produced printed papers (e.g. periodicals) to a system  110 . System  110  includes (a) an aggregation system  112  for receiving such versions from systems  102   a ,  102   b , and  102   c  and (b) a content preparation system  114  for translating such versions from a first format to a second format. Also, system  110  includes a content delivery system  116  for receiving the translated versions from system  114  and outputting the translated versions through a network  120  (e.g. a global communications network) to other computer systems. For example, a home customer computer system  132  (e.g. a personal computer system), a traveling customer computer system  134  (e.g. a laptop computer system), and a professional customer computer system  136  (e.g. a server computer system) receive the translated versions from network  120 . In response to the translated versions, systems  132 ,  134 , and  136  display likenesses of the mass-produced printed papers to respective users, as discussed further hereinbelow in connection with  FIGS. 3   b  through  3   bb . Aggregation system  112 , content preparation system  114 , and content delivery system  116  are all integral in an illustrative embodiment as a single server. 
     For example, system  110  receives versions of periodicals from systems  102   a ,  102   b,  and  102   c . Notably, a content publisher (e.g. a user or operator of systems  102   a,    102   b , or  102   c ) may compile different parts (or “sections”) of a periodical at different times. Before printing sections that are more volatile (e.g. more likely to change in response to evolving newsworthy events), a content publisher (e.g. a newspaper publisher) may print sections that are less volatile (e.g. less likely to change in response to evolving newsworthy events). 
     Examples of less volatile sections of a newspaper may include a classified advertisements section, a real estate section, and a comics section. Examples of more volatile sections of a newspaper may include a front page or front section, a sports section, and a business section. In response to receiving different sections at different times from systems  102   a ,  102   b , or  102   c , aggregation system  112  buffers the sections for subsequent processing by content preparation system  114 . 
     Within system  100 , the various sections of a version of a mass-produced printed paper are stored (e.g. by systems  102   a ,  102   b ,  102   c , and  110 ) as one or more files, which may have the same or different file types, such as .pdf, .tif, or any other suitable file format. Before outputting the files to system  110 , systems  102   a ,  102   b,  and/or  102   c  may compress and/or encrypt one or more of the files. In response to receiving one or more compressed and/or encrypted files, system  110  suitably decompresses or decrypts them. 
     The file format of the version of the mass-produced printed paper received by system  112  from the content publisher system (e.g.  102   a ,  102   b , or  102   c ) may not be well-suited for processing by a consumer&#39;s computing device such as a personal computer. For example, with such a file format, a single newspaper page may occupy more than 5 megabytes of memory space, so that a single daily newspaper may occupy more than 400 megabytes. Moreover, a single newspaper page may render to approximately 4000×7000 pixels at a 1:1 ratio, while a personal computer display might accommodate only 1024 horizontal pixels at any single moment. Accordingly, content preparation system  114  translates the version of the mass-produced printed paper from a first format to a second format that is more suitable for processing by a consumer&#39;s computing device. 
     Content preparation system  114  rasterizes, decimates, compresses, and encrypts the version received by system  112  from a content publisher system. Content preparation system  114  translates the received version into a new version having one or more file types such as Windows Bitmap (.bmp) or JPEG (.jpg) files. Content preparation system  114  also extracts and identifies distinctive characters and terms (e.g. including multiple characters per term) from the received version and creates an index that correlates such terms to their respective associated locations in pages of the new version. 
     The characters may include alphanumeric characters and other symbols, such as a picture. In response to the index, system  114  forms hyperlinks within the new version, so that terms are linked (through the hyperlinks) to their respective associated locations in pages of the new version, as discussed further hereinbelow in connection with  FIGS. 3   b - bb . The hyperlinks may be embedded within the new version. In addition, from the version received by system  112 , system  114  detects “hooks” (e.g. references) to other files, scripts, or websites associated with the version received by system  112  from the content publisher system. In response to the detected hooks, system  114  forms hyperlinks to the associated files, scripts, or websites, such as (a) media files that include audio signals and/or visual images (e.g. graphics, photographs, or video), (b) a website of an advertiser in the mass-produced printed paper, and (c) executable scripts. Also, in response to its programmed instructions, system  114  is operable to replace a portion of the version (received by system  112  from a content publisher system) with other content. For example, system  114  is operable to replace one advertisement or article (e.g. in the version of a periodical) with another advertisement or article. One embodiment of a technique for translating the version is shown and discussed in more detail further hereinbelow in connection with  FIG. 4 . 
     Content preparation system  114  outputs the translated version to content delivery system  116 . Content delivery system  116  operates as a portal to output such translated versions to customers (e.g.  132 ,  134 ,  136 ) through network  120 . With a computer system (e.g. home customer computer system  132 , traveling customer computer system  134 , or professional customer computer system  136 ), a human user may receive and view such translated versions. Content delivery system  116  authenticates identities of such customers and collects (e.g. via credit card payment) any required subscription costs or fees associated with a mass-produced printed paper that the human user (e.g. of system  132 ,  134  or  136 ) wishes to receive and view. In response to its programmed instructions, content delivery system  116  is operable to permit a particular customer to receive and display (for viewing by a human user) only specified sections of a mass-produced printed paper (e.g. periodical). For example, the particular customer may select this option in situations where the customer&#39;s human user has little or no interest in other sections of such paper. By selecting fewer sections to receive and display, the time required to receive and display is advantageously reduced. 
     In the display by customers  132 ,  134  and  136  of the translated version of the mass-produced printed paper (for viewing by a human user), the version appears to the human user as a likeness of the mass-produced printed paper. The likeness is a replication or a virtual representation of the actual mass-produced printed paper. Moreover, the displayed likeness includes additional features, such as hyperlinks between various pages within the mass-produced printed paper, hyperlinks to websites, hyperlinks to media files, and hyperlinks to scripts that are executable by computer systems  132 ,  134 , and  136 . Such additional features are discussed further hereinbelow in connection with  FIGS. 3   b  through  3   bb.    
     In the illustrative embodiment, network  120  is a transport control protocol/Internet protocol (“TCP/IP”) global communications network, such as the Internet or an intranet. The communications network includes land-based and satellite-based communications devices, or alternatively other types of communications technologies. In the illustrative embodiment, customer computer systems  132 ,  134 , and  136  include various types of systems that are programmable to display a translated version of a mass-produced printed paper. Examples of such computer systems are a personal computer, a laptop computer, a server computer, a television set-top device, a handheld communications device (e.g. cellular telephone or personal digital assistant (“PDA”)). 
     The number of content publisher computer systems  102   a ,  102   b , and  102   c  and customer computer systems  132 ,  134 , and  136  shown in  FIG. 1  is shown by way of example. The system may include any number of content publisher computer systems and customer computer systems and may also include multiple systems  110  and networks  120 . 
       FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a representative one of computer systems  132 ,  134  and  136 . Such representative computer system is indicated by dashed enclosure  200 . Each of the computer systems of  FIG. 1  operates in association with a respective human user. Accordingly, in the example of  FIG. 2 , computer system  200  operates in association with human user  202 , as discussed further hereinbelow. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , computer system  200  includes (a) input devices  206  for receiving information from human user  202 , (b) a display device  208  (e.g. a conventional electronic cathode ray tube (“CRT”) device) for displaying information to user  202 , (c) a computer  204  for executing and otherwise processing instructions, (d) a print device  210  (e.g. a conventional electronic printer or plotter), (e) a nonvolatile storage device  211  (e.g. a hard disk drive or other computer-readable medium (or apparatus), as discussed further hereinbelow) for storing information, (f) a computer-readable medium (or apparatus)  212  (e.g. a portable floppy diskette) for storing information, and (g) various other electronic circuitry for performing other operations of computer system  200 . 
     For example, computer  204  includes (a) a network interface (e.g. circuitry) for communicating between computer  204  and network  120  and (b) a memory device (e.g. random access memory (“RAM”) device and read only memory (“ROM”) device) for storing information (e.g. instructions executed by computer  204  and data operated on by computer  204  in response to such instructions). Accordingly, computer  204  is connected to network  112 , input devices  206 , display device  208 , print device  210 , storage device  211 , and computer-readable medium  212 , as shown in  FIG. 2 . 
     For example, in response to signals from computer  204 , display device  208  displays visual images, and user  202  views such visual images. Moreover, user  202  operates input devices  206  in order to output information to computer  204 , and computer  204  receives such information from input devices  206 . Also, in response to signals from computer  204 , print device prints visual images on paper, and user  202  views such visual images. 
     Input devices  206  include, for example, a conventional electronic keyboard or keypad and a pointing device such as a conventional electronic “mouse”, rollerball, or light pen. User  202  operates the keyboard or keypad to output alphanumeric text information from the keyboard. User  202  operates the pointing device to output cursor-control information to computer  204 , and computer  204  receives such cursor-control information from the pointing device. 
     As discussed further hereinabove in connection with  FIG. 1 , system  200  is operable to receive, store (e.g. in a computer-readable medium) and display a translated version of a mass-produced printed paper as a likeness of the mass-produced printed paper. For example, as discussed further hereinbelow in connection with  FIGS. 3   b  through  3   bb , computer  204  executes a program for displaying the translated version on display device  208  as a likeness of the mass-produced printed paper, and for modifying such display of the translated version in response to information received from user  202 . 
       FIG. 3   a  is an illustration of a screen  302  of a prior art website of a mass-produced printed periodical, namely the New York Times. As shown in screen  302 , the website differs from the mass-produced printed periodical, and the website is not a likeness of the mass-produced printed periodical. Although the website includes hyperlinks for navigating between various locations therein, such locations are different from the mass-produced printed periodical. The website fails to include all of the content of the mass-produced printed periodical. 
       FIGS. 3   b  through  3   bb  are illustrations of screens displayable by a display device as a likeness of a mass-produced printed paper (e.g. periodical). In the following discussion, the display device (e.g. display device  208 ) is part of a human user&#39;s associated computing device (e.g. computer system  200 ). In response to the user&#39;s operation of a pointing device (e.g. of input devices  206 ), the computing device performs the various operations discussed further hereinbelow in connection with  FIGS. 3   b  through  3   bb.    
     For example, the computing device is operable to: (a) in response to the user&#39;s operation of the pointing device, reposition a pointer (or other cursor indicator) to a user-selected location on the screen; and (b) in response to the user&#39;s activation of a switch on the pointing device, perform an operation associated with the user-selected location (e.g. hyperlink). Such a pointer (or other cursor indicator) is used in connection with the screens of  FIGS. 3   b  through  3   bb  for initiating performance of the various operations discussed further hereinbelow. A pointer  303  is shown in  FIG. 3   b  but, for clarity, is not shown in  FIGS. 3   c  through  3   bb.    
       FIG. 3   b  is an illustration of a screen  304  displayable by the display device. Screen  304  is a likeness of a mass-produced printed paper (e.g. a periodical, such as the New York Times). As shown in  FIG. 3   b , the likeness preserves the actual appearance of the mass-produced printed periodical. In such a manner, with the computing device, the user may view a likeness of all pages of the mass-produced printed periodical, including all articles, advertisements, and other content thereof. Accordingly, the likeness preserves the actual appearance of articles, pages, and sections of the mass-produced printed periodical. As discussed further hereinbelow, the computing device displays the likeness along with additional features and functions. 
       FIG. 3   c  is an illustration of a screen  306 , and  FIG. 3   d  is an illustration of a screen  308  displayable by the display device.  FIG. 3   d  shows a reader window  307   b  which supports the user&#39;s closer view of a particular article or portion of a periodical. For example, the user may wish to more closely view an article indicated by a dashed enclosure  307   a  in  FIG. 3   c . With the pointing device, the user selects this article for display within reader window  307   b , as for example by “double clicking” within dashed enclosure  307   a  (i.e. in rapid succession, twice activating a switch of the pointing device at a moment when the pointer is located within dashed enclosure  307   a ). As shown in  FIG. 3   d , reader window  307   b  displays article  307   a  (or other user-selected portion of the periodical) in an enlarged format, while the display device continues to concurrently display the original screen  306  in the background. With the continued display of the original screen  306  in the background, the user is more readily able to maintain his or her visual orientation on the page. The user may return to the view in screen  306  by any suitable technique, such as closing the reader window  307   b  or by “clicking” on the background portion of screen  308  (i.e. activating a switch of the pointing device at a moment when the pointer is located on the background portion of screen  308 ). 
       FIG. 3   e  is an illustration of a toolbar  309  displayable by the display device. By clicking on one or more buttons of toolbar  309 , the user commands the computing device to perform specified operations with the displayed likeness of the periodical. For example, by clicking a suitable one of buttons  310   a , the user commands the computing device to display either a first, a previous, a next, or a last page of the periodical. By clicking a button  310   b , the user commands the computing device to display a user-specified section or user-specified page of the periodical. By clicking a button  310   c , the user commands the computing device to search within the periodical for occurrences a user-specified term. By clicking a suitable one of buttons  311   a  and  311   b , the user commands the computing device to display a top half or a bottom half of a page that is being then currently displayed by the computing device. For example, if a user is viewing the top half of a page such as screen  306  of  FIG. 3   c , the computing device displays the bottom half of the same page in response to the user clicking button  311   b . Accordingly, the buttons of toolbar  309  allow the user to efficiently view different portions of the periodical. 
       FIG. 3   f  is an illustration of a screen  312 , and  FIG. 3   g  is an illustration of a screen  316  displayable by the display device.  FIGS. 3   f  and  3   g  illustrate panning across a then currently displayed page. Accordingly, in the example of  FIGS. 3   e  and  3   f , a user may cause the computing device to display screen  316  by panning across screen  312  in the direction of arrow  314 . As shown in  FIGS. 3   f  and  3   g  by the overlapping portions of screens  312  and  316 , screens  312  and  316  display different parts of the same page of a periodical. In one embodiment, a user causes the panning by “dragging” the pointer (i.e. moving the pointer while simultaneously activating a switch of the pointing device. The user may pan across the page in any direction up to the page&#39;s borders. 
       FIG. 3   h  is an illustration of a screen  318 , and  FIG. 3   i  is an illustration of a screen  320  displayable by the display device.  FIGS. 3   h  and  3   i  illustrate zooming in and zooming out of a then currently displayed page. Referring also to  FIG. 3   j , in response to the user clicking on a zoom in button  326 , the computing device magnifies the page. In response to the user clicking on a zoom out button  324 , the computing device demagnifies the page. In  FIG. 3   i , screen  320  is a magnified (zoomed in) version of screen  318 . In  FIG. 3   h , screen  318  is a demagnified (zoomed out) version of screen  320 . 
       FIG. 3   k  is an illustration of a screen  328  displayable by the display device.  FIG. 3   k  shows buttons that are clickable by a user to efficiently navigate within a displayed likeness of a periodical, such as buttons  330  and button  332 . For example, many periodicals, such as newspapers include multiple sections such as business, sports, and arts. In response to the user clicking on a suitable on of buttons  330 , the computing device promptly displays a section associated with the clicked button. For example, in response to the user clicking the button labeled “Arts,” the computing device promptly displays a likeness of the periodical&#39;s “Arts” section. Also, in response to the user clicking button  332 , the computing device displays a pull down menu that lists displayable sections and/or pages of the periodical. From the menu, with the pointing device, a user may select a particular section or page for display by the computing device. 
       FIG. 3   l  is an illustration of a screen  334 , a screen  336 , and a screen  338  displayable by the display device. Screen  334  shows hyperlinks  340  and  344  that system  110  ( FIG. 1 ) forms and embeds within the translated version. In response to the user clicking such a hyperlink, the computer system performs an operation associated with the hyperlink. 
     In  FIG. 3   l , hyperlinks  340  and  344  are highlighted by ellipses surrounding the hyperlinks. The user is able to select among various alternatives for highlighting the hyperlinks, as shown in  FIG. 3   m . As indicated in menu box  348  of  FIG. 3   m , the user is able to select the link style and color of indicators for highlighting the hyperlinks. In  FIG. 5 , the user-selectable link styles are plain text, ellipse, square, geometric, and browser style, and a wide variety of colors are selectable by the user. 
     In many mass-produced printed periodicals, articles begin on one page of the periodical and continue to one or more other pages. A portion of an article may include a term or a phrase that indicates the location of another portion of the article. Examples of such terms or phrases are “continued on page  —————— ,” “see story on page  —————— ,” or simply “page  —————— .” 
     System  110  (a) detects such terms and phrases, and (b) in response thereto, forms hyperlinks between various pages within the periodical, so that multiple portions of an article are hyperlinked together between such pages. In that manner, by selectively clicking the hyperlinks (formed and embedded by system  110  within the translated version that is displayed by the user&#39;s associated computing device), the user is able to more efficiently navigate within the displayed likeness of the periodical. As shown in  FIG. 3   l , such hyperlinks  340  are displayed by the computing device within the likeness of the periodical. An embodiment of this technique is discussed further hereinbelow in connection with  FIG. 6 . Referring again to  FIG. 3   l , in response to the user clicking a suitable one of hyperlinks  340 , the computing device promptly displays the hyperlink&#39;s associated page (screen  336 ) as indicated by arrow  342 . 
     Mass-produced printed periodicals may also include website addresses, such as http://www.nytimes.com or www.nytimes.com. System  110  (a) detects such addresses, and (b) in response thereto, forms hyperlinks within the periodical to the website addresses. In this manner, by selectively clicking the hyperlinks (formed and embedded by system  110  within the translated version that is displayed by the user&#39;s associated computing device), the user is able to more efficiently navigate to the websites. As shown in  FIG. 3   l , such hyperlinks (e.g. hyperlink  344 ) are displayed by the computing device within the likeness of the periodical. An embodiment of this technique is discussed further hereinbelow in connection with  FIG. 6 . Referring again to  FIG. 3   l , in response to the user clicking hyperlink  344  (associated with the website address www.nytimes.com), the computing device promptly displays the hyperlink&#39;s associated website (screen  338 ) as indicated by arrow  346 . 
       FIG. 3   n  is an illustration of a screen  374  and a screen  376  displayable by the display device.  FIG. 3   o  is an illustration of a screen  360 ,  FIG. 3   p  is an illustration of a screen  366 , and  FIG. 3   q  is an illustration of a screen  370  displayable by the display device.  FIGS. 3   n ,  3   o ,  3   p , and  3   q  show an operation of hooks within the displayed periodical, as discussed further hereinabove in connection with  FIG. 1 . An embodiment of a technique for detecting hook definitions, and forming hyperlinks in response thereto, is discussed further hereinbelow in connection with  FIG. 4 . 
       FIG. 3   n  shows an example of such a hyperlink (within the displayed periodical) to a website. In the example of  FIG. 3   n , in response to the user clicking a region  378  within screen  374 , the computer system displays screen  376  as indicated by arrow  380 . Screen  376  is a website page that is associated with the hyperlink embedded within region  378 . The website may be an advertiser&#39;s website or any other website specified in the hook definition by the publisher of the periodical. In this manner, a user efficiently navigates from a portion (e.g. region) of the periodical&#39;s likeness to a website associated with such portion. The portion may be an advertisement, as shown in the example of  FIG. 3   n , or may be any other type of content in the periodical. 
       FIGS. 3   o ,  3   p , and  3   q  show an example of such a hyperlink (within the displayed periodical) to a media file. In the example of  FIGS. 3   o ,  3   p , and  3   q , in response to the user clicking a region  362  within screen  360 , the computer system reads a media file (associated with the hyperlink embedded within region  362 ) and displays visual frames in response thereto, including frames  364 ,  368  and  372 . Frames  364 ,  368 , and  372  may be displayed as successive still-frame images and/or continuous video images, according to the type of media file. Moreover, the media file may include audio information in addition to (or instead of) visual frames and, if so, the computer system outputs audio in response thereto. 
     In one example, the computer system reads the media file in response to a script. In such example, the script is associated with the hyperlink embedded within region  362 , and the computer system initiates execution of the script in response to the user clicking region  362 . In response to such a script, the computer system may (a) read any number or type of media files, in response to which the computer system displays and/or outputs visual frames and/or audio, (b) display a website or other content from the Internet, (c) prompt the user to specify additional information, and/or (d) read information from a computer-readable medium. 
       FIG. 3   r  is an illustration of a screen  350 , and  FIG. 3   s  is an illustration of a screen  354  displayable by the display device.  FIGS. 3   r  and  3   s  show the selective insertion or replacement of content within the displayed likeness of the periodical. More specifically,  FIGS. 3   r  and  3   s  show an example of targeted advertising, in which a portion of a page in the displayed likeness is customized (e.g. based on the user&#39;s demographic profile). The scope of the profile may be national, regional, or individual. Based on information of the profile, system  100  customizes the page, as for example by selectively inserting (within the page) an advertising message to a particular user or a group of users. 
     For example, the pages displayed in screens  350  and  354  are identical, except for advertisements  352  and  356  which appear in the upper left corner of screens  350  and  354 , respectively. Advertisements  352  and  356  are useful for different users with different demographic profiles. Information in a demographic profile may be gathered from a variety of sources including the user, the user&#39;s computing device, and data gathering businesses or organizations. In response to such information, a publisher or advertiser is able to select advertisements (inserted within the displayed page) for different users or groups of users. 
     In one embodiment, publishers  102   a ,  102   b  and/or  102   c  insert a selected advertisement before or during transmission of a version to system  110 . In another embodiment, system  110  inserts a selected advertisement in the course of translating the version of the periodical. In response to its programmed instructions, system  110  is operable to perform such insertion in response to information from the publisher or another source. 
     Although  FIGS. 3   r  and  3   s  show an example of replacing advertisements in a version of a periodical, other portions of the version may likewise be replaced. For example, for a periodical with a national scope, system  110  may insert regionally oriented content for a select group of users by replacing certain nationally oriented content. Such replacement may occur anywhere in the likeness. 
       FIG. 3   t  is an illustration of a screen  390 ,  FIG. 3   u  is an illustration of a screen  392 ,  FIG. 3   v  is an illustration of a screen  396 ,  FIG. 3   w  is an illustration of a screen  404 , and  FIG. 3   x  is an illustration of a screen  408  displayable by the display device. As shown in  FIGS. 3   t ,  3   u ,  3   v ,  3   w , and  3   x , predetermined portions of the displayed likeness are selectable by the user for performing operations such as copying, pasting, printing, or storing. 
     Publishers of periodicals may be concerned about possible unauthorized use of content in the periodicals. Accordingly, publishers may wish to prevent all or specified portions of the translated versions of periodicals from being copied, pasted, printed, or stored by users. Publishers may also wish to permit all or specified portions of the translated versions to be selectable by users for copying, pasting, printing, or storing. For example, publishers may wish to permit users to perform such operations on crossword puzzles, coupons, or other specified portions. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3   t , the user is able to operate the pointing device for determining which portions, if any, of screen  390  may be copied, pasted, printed, or stored. As shown in  FIG. 3   u , in response to the user activating a switch (e.g. a right mouse button) on the pointing device, the user&#39;s associated computing device displays a menu  394 , which shows a “Select” option for the user to highlight user-selectable (for copying, pasting, printing, or storing) portions of the displayed likeness. In response to the user clicking on the “Select” option, the computing device displays screen  396  of  FIG. 3   v.    
     In screen  396 , portions  398 ,  400 , and  402  (the highlighted portions) are selectable by the user for copying, pasting, printing, or storing. Accordingly, the user may select one of these highlighted portions by clicking on it, as shown in screen  404  of  FIG. 3   w  in which the user has clicked portion  398  (the highlighted portion). After selecting a highlighted portion (e.g. portion  398  in  FIG. 3   w ), the user may cause the computing device to display a menu  411 , which allows the user to select an operation for the computing device to perform on the selected portion. 
     For example, by clicking a “Print” option of menu  411  as shown in  FIG. 3   x , the user commands the computing device to print a hardcopy of selected portion  398 , as shown by a copy  412  of the selection portion appearing on a printed page  414 . By clicking a “Copy” option of menu  411 , the user commands the computing device to copy selected portion  398  into the computing device&#39;s memory. After such copying, the user is able to click a “Paste” option while viewing a different file or document, so that the computing device pastes the copied selected portion  398  into the different file or document. By clicking another suitable option, the user commands the computing device to store selected portion  398  in a computer-readable medium (e.g. a virtual file cabinet portion of a computer-readable medium), which may store multiple selected portions for subsequent access by the user. 
       FIG. 3   y  is an illustration of a menu box  420  displayable by the display device. As shown in  FIG. 3   y , the user is able to command the computing device to search one or more periodicals. As discussed further hereinbelow, the search may include periodicals that are either received by the user&#39;s associated computing device or stored on a remote server. As shown in  FIG. 3   y , the user may enter (e.g. by typing with the keyboard) a term (e.g. “fishing”) in box  422 , so that the computing device searches the periodicals for occurrences of such term. As shown in  FIG. 3   y , the computing device displays the search results in box  424  as a list of indicators, which include the page, the issue, and the periodical name for each occurrence. In response to the user selecting (e.g. by clicking) one of the results in box  424 , the computing device displays the content of the selected result. A user may display one of the results by selecting its corresponding indicator in box  424 . 
       FIG. 3   z  is an illustration of a menu box  430 ,  FIG. 3   aa  is an illustration of a menu box  440 , and  FIG. 3   bb  is an illustration of a menu box  446  displayable by the display device. As shown in  FIGS. 3   z ,  3   aa , and  3   bb , the user is able to specify one or more “watch list” terms for intelligent agent software of system  100  to automatically identify in searching periodicals. For example, the user may want to know whether periodicals include the specified “watch list” terms, but without requiring the user to repetitively specify such terms and repetitively initiate the search on multiple dates (e.g. each date when the user&#39;s computer system receives a new version of a periodical). As shown in  FIGS. 3   z ,  3   aa , and  3   bb , the user may specify “watch list” terms on a single date, so that such terms are thereafter automatically searched and identified by intelligent agent software of system  100  in response to received periodicals. 
     With menu box  430  of  FIG. 3   z , the user is able to selectively enable or disable the intelligent agent software by clicking a suitable one of indicators  432 . After enabling the intelligent agent software, the user may select “Add String” button  436  or “Remove String” button  438  to selectively add or remove available “watch list” terms for the intelligent agent software to search. As shown in  FIG. 3   z , the selected “watch list” terms appear in box  434 , along with their respectively associated types of periodicals for the intelligent agent software to search. 
     As shown in  FIG. 3   aa , menu box  442  allows the user to specify a “watch list” term (e.g. by typing with the keyboard), along with its respectively associated one or more types of periodicals for the intelligent agent software to search. In the example of  FIG. 3   aa , the types of periodicals include newspapers, magazines, and journals. As shown in the example of  FIG. 3   aa , the user has specified “fishing” as a “watch list” term and has selected “newspapers” as the respectively associated type of periodical to be searched for such term by the intelligent agent software. 
     After the intelligent agent software performs a search, the user&#39;s associated computing device displays the results in a results box  446 , as shown in  FIG. 3   bb . Results box  446  includes a message  448 , which indicates whether any “watch list” term was identified by the search. Also results box  448  includes a box  450  which lists any identified “watch list” terms, along with their respectively associated locations in the periodicals. In response to the user selecting (e.g. by clicking) one of the listings in box  450 , the computing device displays the selected term within other content of its respectively associated location (in the displayed likeness of the periodical). 
       FIG. 4  is an illustration of an embodiment of an operation performed by system  110  (e.g. by content preparation system  114 ) for translating a digital version of a mass-produced printed paper. In the operation of  FIG. 4 , system  110  translates a version of a mass-produced printed paper from a first format provided by the content publisher system (e.g.  102   a ,  102   b , or  102   c  of  FIG. 1 ) into a second format suitable for processing by a consumer&#39;s computing device. As shown in  FIG. 4 , system  110  stores the translated version in distribution database  470 , which is accessible through a communications network (e.g. network  120  of  FIG. 1 ). 
     The operation illustrated in  FIG. 4  includes two separate paths, both of which are performed by system  110 . In a first path, as indicated in a step  462 , system  110  forms hyperlinks within an original page  460 . More particularly, system  110  detects hooks to external information (e.g. files, scripts, or websites) associated with the version received by system  110  from the content publisher system. A hook (e.g. reference) is a pointer to external information, and the hook identifies a portion of original page  460  that is associated with such external information. 
     In the illustrative embodiment, if the external information is an associated file or script, system  110  outputs the external information (within the translated version) to customers (e.g.  132 ,  134 ,  136 ) through network  120 . Within the translated version, the hooks are stored in a table as hook definitions, so that they are detectable by customers (e.g.  132 ,  134 ,  136 ). In displaying the likeness of a mass-produced printed paper, such customers display highlighted hyperlinks that are associated with such hooks. 
     In the operation  462  of forming hyperlinks, system  114  is operable to replace a portion of the version (received by system  112  from a content publisher system) with other content (e.g. based on the user&#39;s demographic profile), as discussed further hereinabove in connection with  FIG. 1 . For example, in response to its programmed instructions, system  114  is operable to replace one advertisement or article (e.g. in a portion of original page  460 ) with another advertisement or article, as discussed further hereinabove in connection with  FIGS. 3   r  and  3   s.    
     In one example, such replacement occurs for some users having a particular profile, but does not occur for other users having a different profile. The information in a profile may include traditional demographic information such as sex, age, and residence and may also include commercial information such as shopping patterns, buying preferences, or user interests. System  110  is operable to receive such commercial information from e-commerce websites or other information gathering organizations. 
     As described hereinabove in connection with  FIGS. 3   t ,  3   u ,  3   v ,  3   w , and  3   x , predetermined portions of the displayed likeness are selectable by the user for performing operations such as copying, pasting, printing, or storing. Accordingly, publishers (e.g.  102   a ,  102   b , or  102   c  of  FIG. 1 ) may wish to prevent all or specified portions of the original page  460  from being copied, pasted, printed, or stored by users. Publishers may also wish to permit all or specified portions of the original page  460  to be selectable by users for copying, pasting, printing, or storing. In step  462 , system  110  identifies such portions as specified by the publisher, and system  110  forms information within original page  460 , so that the user&#39;s computing device detects such portions and permits the user to select such portions for copying, pasting, printing, or storing. 
     Also, in the first path, as indicated in a step  464 , system  110  rasterizes and decimates original page  460 . In that manner, system  110  forms a rasterized version of original page  460  and stores the rasterized version as a bitmap, .gif, or .jpeg file. In the space above the masthead, original page  460  includes information regarding its format and layout. For example, system  110  detects the presence of a Pantone or gray-scale bar (indicating whether the page is a color page or a black and white one) and the presence of registration marks (e.g. marks that delineate the top, bottom, left, and right margins). System  110  saves color pages as 256-bit color images and black and white pages as smaller monochrome images. In comparison to original page  460 , the rasterized version of original page  460  may be significantly smaller in size. 
     After rasterizing original page  460 , system  110  decimates the rasterized version to form a decimated page  466 . In that manner, system  110  physically reduces the rasterized version in size, so that decimated page  466  is suitable for display on a user&#39;s computing device. Further, system  110  compresses and encrypts decimated page  466 , as indicated in a step  468 . System  110  stores the compressed and encrypted version (“translated version”) of decimated page  466  in a distribution database  470 . In view of the compression, such version is more readily transferred by system  110  through network  120 . In view of the encryption, system  110  is operable to transfer such version through an unsecure portion of network  120  in a manner that controls legible access to such version&#39;s content in response to a key. 
     In a second path of the operation illustrated in  FIG. 4 , as indicated in a step  472 , system  110  identifies terms from original page  460  and stores them in a file. Within the file, system  110  identifies and removes non-distinctive terms (e.g. pronouns and conjunctions). In response to the remaining terms in the file, system  110  creates an index that correlates such terms to their respective associated locations in the translated version, as indicated in a step  474 . In response to the index, system  110  forms hyperlinks within the translated version, so that terms are linked (through the hyperlinks) to their respective associated locations in pages of the translated version, as discussed further hereinbelow in connection with  FIG. 6 . 
     System  110  references such locations in the form of an approximated Cartesian (X,Y) coordinate address within the translated version, in which the numeric variable X identifies a particular row of pixels and the numeric variable Y identifies a particular column of pixels. In response to the index, the user&#39;s computing device performs searches for occurrences of user-specified terms, as described further hereinabove in connection with  FIG. 3   y . Also, system  110  incorporates the translated version&#39;s index into an aggregate index. In response to the aggregate index, system  110  perform searches for occurrences of terms in current and archived versions of mass-produced printed papers. 
       FIG. 5  is a diagram of an embodiment of a format for storing the translated version on a computer-readable medium. The translated version includes a header  500 , a page map  502 , a link map  504 , an index  506 , rasterized pages  508 , and external media  510 . 
     Header  500  includes information about the content of the translated version, such as the title, the issue date, and the number of rasterized pages  508 . Page map  502  includes file names of rasterized pages  508  and of external media  510 . Link map  504  includes a table of hyperlinks for the translated version. Index  506  includes terms and pointer lists for the translated version, as discussed further hereinabove in connection with  FIG. 4 . Rasterized pages  508  include a rasterized page file per page of the mass-produced printed paper. External media  510  includes external media files that are referenced by hooks. 
     A user&#39;s associated computer system receives the translated version in the format of  FIG. 5 . In response to user-specified selections, content delivery system  116  is operable to permit a particular customer to receive and display (for viewing by the user) only specified sections of the mass-produced printed paper. For example, the user may wish to receive and view only the business section and the sports section of the New York Times. In response to the user-specified selections, content delivery system  116  permits the particular customer to receive and display (for viewing by the user) the specified sections&#39; respectively associated rasterized pages (of rasterized page  508 ) as separate files, so that rasterized pages of other sections are not received and displayed by the particular customer. 
     By receiving and displaying rasterized pages  508  as separate files, users achieve various advantages, even if such users wish to receive and view all sections of the mass-produced printed paper. For example, it may be more efficient for the user&#39;s associated computer system to receive and display several small files instead of one large file. Moreover, with such a technique, system  100  is more readily implemented with a ZMODEM-like restart procedure to recover from an interrupted transmission. Also, such a technique more readily permits sale and distribution of sections (of the mass-produced printed paper) individually, instead of mandating a sale and distribution of the entire mass-produced printed paper. 
       FIG. 6  is a flowchart of an embodiment of an operation performed by system  110  for forming hyperlinks within the translated version. As described further hereinabove in connection with  FIG. 3   l , in many mass-produced printed periodicals, articles begin on one page of the periodical and continue to one or more other pages. A portion of an article may include a term or a phrase that indicates the location of another portion of the article. Examples of such terms or phrases are “continued on page  —————— ,” “see story on page  —————— ,” or simply “page  —————— .” 
       FIG. 6  describes an operation performed by system  110  for forming hyperlinks between pages of the translated version of such a periodical. In that manner, by selectively clicking the hyperlinks (formed and embedded by system  110  within the translated version that is displayed by the user&#39;s associated computing device), the user is able to more efficiently navigate within the displayed likeness of the periodical. As shown in  FIG. 3   l , such hyperlinks  340  are displayed by the computing device within the likeness of the periodical. 
     The operation begins at a step  602 , at which system  110  reads a next word from a page. At a next step  604 , system  110  determines whether the word appears in a phrase table  606 . Phrase table  606  includes various phrases that indicate continuation of an article to another page. These phrases may be in a variety of languages, as indicated in  FIG. 6 . 
     In step  604 , if the word does not appear in phrase table  606 , the operation continues to a step  610 . At step  610 , system  110  determines whether the end of the page has been reached. If the end of the page has not been reached, then the operation returns to step  602 . If the end of the page has been reached, the operation continues to a step  612 , at which system  110  initiates processing a next page (if any) and returns to step  602 . 
     Referring again to step  604 , if the word appears in phrase table  606 , the operation continues to a step  608 . At step  608 , system  110  determines whether the word is part of a phrase in the page, and whether such phrase appears in phrase table  606 . If such a phrase does not appear in phrase table  606 , the operation continues to step  610 . If such a phrase appears in phrase table  606 , the operation continues to a step  614 , at which system  110  reads a next word from the page. 
     After step  614 , the operation continues to a step  616 , at which system  110  determines whether such next word is a page number. If such next word is not a page number, the operation returns to step  602 . If such next word is a page number, the operation continues to a step  618 , at which system  110  determines whether such page number is associated with an existing page. 
     If such page number is not associated with an existing page, the operation returns to step  602 . If such page number is associated with an existing page, the operation continues to a step  620 , at which system  110  adds such page number and a location of such phrase (i.e. the phrase that precedes such page number within the current page) to a link table. In response to the link table, system  110  forms a hyperlink within the translated version, so that the location of such phrase (within the current page) is linked to the other existing page that is associated with such page number. 
       FIGS. 7   a ,  7   b ,  7   c , and  7   d  are a flowchart of an embodiment of operations performed by a customer (e.g.  132 ,  134 ,  136 ) for performing various functions within the translated version. The operation begins at a step  702 , at which the customer determines whether its associated user has selected an indicator associated with a hyperlink. If so, the operation continues to a step  704 . 
     At step  704 , the customer determines whether the hyperlink points to a page in the mass-produced printed paper. If so, the operation continues to a step  706 , at which the customer displays the page for viewing by the user.  FIG. 3   l  is an illustration of such a function. After step  706 , the operation returns to step  702 . 
     Referring again to step  704 , if the hyperlink does not point to a page in the mass-produced printed paper, the operation continues to a step  708 . At step  708 , the customer determines whether the hyperlink points to a website. If so, the operation continues to a step  710 , at which the customer displays the website for viewing by the user.  FIGS. 3   l  and  3   m  are illustrations of such a function. After step  710 , the operation returns to step  702 . 
     Referring again to step  708 , if the hyperlink does not point to a website, the operation continues to a step  712 . At step  712 , the customer determines whether the hyperlink points to a media file. If so, the operation continues to a step  714 , at which the customer displays or plays the media file, according to the type of media file.  FIGS. 3   o ,  3   p , and  3   q  are illustrations of such a function. After step  714 , the operation returns to step  702 . 
     Referring again to step  712 , if the hyperlink does not point to a media file, the operation continues to a step  716 . At step  716 , the customer determines whether the hyperlink points to a script. If so, the operation continues to a step  718 , at which the customer executes the script. After step  718 , the operation returns to step  702 . Referring again to step  716 , if the hyperlink does not point to a script, the operation returns to step  702 . 
     Referring again to step  702 , if the customer determines that the user has not selected an indicator associated with a hyperlink, the operation continues to a step  720 . At step  720 , the customer determines whether the user has selected an indicator associated with a section in the mass-produced printed paper. If so, the operation continues to a step  722 , at which the customer displays the section for viewing by the user.  FIG. 3   k  is an illustration of such indicators (buttons  330 ). After step  722 , the operation returns to step  702 . 
     Referring again to step  720 , if the customer determines that the user has not selected an indicator associated with a section in the mass-produced printed paper, the operation continues to a step  724 . At step  724 , the customer determines whether the user has selected a zoom function, such as magnification (zoom in) or demagnification (zoom out) of a displayed portion of the mass-produced printed paper. If so, the operation continues to a step  726 , at which the customer performs the zoom function.  FIGS. 3   h ,  3   i , and  3   j  are illustrations of such a function. After step  726 , the operation returns to step  702 . 
     Referring again to step  724 , if the customer determines that the user has not selected a zoom function, the operation continues to a step  728 . At step  728 , the customer determines whether the user has selected a pan function. If so, the operation continues to a step  730 , at which the customer performs the pan function.  FIGS. 3   f  and  3   g  are illustrations of such a function. After step  730 , the operation returns to step  702 . 
     Referring again to step  728 , if the customer determines that the user has not selected a pan function, the operation continues to a step  732 . At step  732 , the customer determines whether the user has selected an indicator to highlight selectable portions of the mass-produced printed paper. If so, the operation continues to a step  734 , at which the customer highlights the selectable portions for viewing by the user. After step  734 , the operation continues to a step  736 . 
     At step  736 , the operation self-loops until the user has selected a selectable portion. After step  736 , the operation continues to a step  738 , at which the customer performs a user-specified function on the user-selected portion.  FIGS. 3   t ,  3   u ,  3   v ,  3   w , and  3   x  are illustrations of such functions of steps  732 ,  734 ,  736  and  738 . After step  738 , the operation returns to step  702 . 
     Referring again to step  732 , if the user has not selected an indicator to highlight selectable portions of the mass-produced printed paper, the operation continues to a step  740 . At step  740 , the customer determines whether the user has selected a search. If not, the operation returns to step  702 . Conversely, if the user has selected a search, the operation continues to a step  742 , at which the customer receives a search term from the user. 
     After step  742 , the operation continues to a step  744 , at which the customer performs the search. After step  744 , the operation continues to a step  746 , at which the customer displays results of the search for viewing by the user. After step  746 , the operation continues to a step  748 . 
     At step  748 , the operation self-loops until the user has selected an indicator associated with a particular search result. After step  748 , the operation continues to a step  750 , at which the customer displays a portion of the mass-produced printed paper (associated with the particular search result) for viewing by the user, in response to the user&#39;s selection of the indicator.  FIG. 3   y  is an illustration of menu box  420  for the user to select a search. After step  750 , the operation returns to step  702 . 
     In addition to the functions of  FIGS. 7   a ,  7   b ,  7   c  and  7   d , the customer performs other functions. Moreover, the functions of  FIGS. 7   a ,  7   b ,  7   c  and  7   d  are subject to chronological reordering, and the customer may perform them independently of one another in any order or concurrently. 
       FIG. 8   a  is a flowchart of an embodiment of an operation performed by the customer for creating a list of watch list terms. The operation begins at a step  802 , at which the customer receives (from its associated user) a watch list term. At a next step  804 , the customer receives (from the user) a selection of mass-produced printed paper types for the watch list term. 
     At a next step  806 , the customer adds the watch list term to a watch list. At a next step  808 , the customer determines whether the user has specified another watch list term. If so, the operation returns to step  802 . Conversely, if the user has not specified another watch list term, the operation ends.  FIGS. 3   z  and  3   aa  are illustrations of menu boxes  430  and  440  for the user to specify one or more watch list terms. 
       FIG. 8   b  is a flowchart of an embodiment of an operation performed by the customer for searching mass-produced printed papers in response to the list of watch list terms. The operation begins at a step  822 , at which the customer receives one or more mass-produced printed papers from system  110 . At a next step  824 , the customer searches the received papers for occurrences of the watch list terms. In one embodiment, this search may include searching for the watch list terms in an index. In other embodiments, this search may be performed in other ways. 
     At a next step  826 , the customer displays results of the search for viewing by the user. At a next step  828 , the operation self-loops until the user selects an indicator associated with a particular search result. At a next step  830 , the customer displays a portion of the mass-produced printed paper (associated with the particular search result) for viewing by the user, in response to the user&#39;s selection of the indicator. After step  830 , the operation ends.  FIG. 3   bb  is an illustration of results box  446  for the user to view and select results of the search. 
     Referring again to  FIG. 2 , computer-readable medium  212  is a floppy diskette. Computer-readable medium  212  and computer  204  are structurally and functionally interrelated with one another as discussed further hereinbelow. Each computing device of the illustrative embodiment is structurally and functionally interrelated with a respective computer-readable medium, similar to the manner in which computer  204  is structurally and functionally interrelated with computer-readable medium  212 . In that regard, computer-readable medium  212  is a representative one of such computer-readable media, including for example but not limited to computer-readable medium  214 . 
     Computer-readable medium  212  stores (or encodes, or records, or embodies) functional descriptive material (e.g. including but not limited to software (also referred to as computer programs or applications) and data structures). Such functional descriptive material imparts functionality when encoded on computer-readable medium  212 . Also, such functional descriptive material is structurally and functionally interrelated to computer-readable medium  212 . 
     Within such functional descriptive material, data structures define structural and functional interrelationships between such data structures and computer-readable medium  212  (and other aspects of computer  204 , computer system  200  and system  100 ). Such interrelationships permit the data structures&#39; functionality to be realized. Also, within such functional descriptive material, computer programs define structural and functional interrelationships between such computer programs and computer-readable medium  212  (and other aspects of computer  204 , computer system  200  and system  100 ). Such interrelationships permit the computer programs&#39; functionality to be realized. 
     For example, computer  204  reads (or accesses, or copies) such functional descriptive material from computer-readable medium  212  into the memory device of computer  204 , and computer  204  performs its operations (as discussed elsewhere herein) in response to such material which is stored in the memory device of computer  204 . More particularly, computer  204  performs the operation of processing a computer application (that is stored, encoded, recorded or embodied on a computer-readable medium) for causing computer  204  to perform additional operations (as discussed elsewhere herein). Accordingly, such functional descriptive material exhibits a functional interrelationship with the way in which computer  204  executes its processes and performs its operations. 
     Further, the computer-readable medium is an apparatus from which the computer application is accessible by computer  204 , and the computer application is processable by computer  204  for causing computer  204  to perform such additional operations. In addition to reading such functional descriptive material from computer-readable medium  212 , computer  204  is capable of reading such functional descriptive material from (or through) network  116  which is also a computer-readable medium (or apparatus). Moreover, the memory device of computer  204  is itself a computer-readable medium (or apparatus). 
     Although illustrative embodiments have been shown and described, a wide range of modifications, change and substitution is contemplated in the foregoing disclosure and in some instances, some features of the embodiment may be employed without a corresponding use of other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of the embodiments disclosed herein.