Abstract:
The present disclosure is directed to an electromechanical surgical system having an end effector and an adapter assembly for selectively interconnecting the end effector and a hand-held surgical instrument. A one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface or bus extends through the end effector, the adapter assembly, and the hand-held surgical instrument. The hand-held surgical instrument includes a master circuit coupled to the bus and configured to identify or control the adapter assembly or the end effector. A power source is couplable to the bus and configured to provide power to the adapter assembly or the end effector. A first switch connects the master circuit to the bus and a second switch connects the power source to the bus. A processor controls operation of the hand-held surgical instrument. The controller has a wake-up pin connected to the bus and is configured to receive a presence pulse from the adapter or end effector.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    1. Technical Field 
         [0002]    The present disclosure relates to surgical instruments, devices and/or systems for performing minimally invasive surgical procedures and methods of use thereof. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for transitioning a powered surgical instrument from a sleep state to an active state. 
         [0003]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0004]    A number of surgical instrument manufacturers have developed product lines with proprietary drive systems for operating and/or manipulating electromechanical surgical instruments. Some electromechanical surgical instruments include a handle assembly, which is reusable, and replaceable loading units and/or single use loading units or the like that are selectively connected to the handle assembly prior to use and then disconnected from the handle assembly following use, in order to be disposed of or in some instances sterilized for re-use. 
         [0005]    In order to preserve battery life, all or some of the components of the electromechanical surgical instrument are placed in a sleep mode when the instrument is not in use. In order to place the instrument in an active state, the electromechanical surgical instrument needs to poll a separate pin or line to determine whether a component of the electromechanical surgical instrument has been attached to the handle assembly. In order to poll the separate pin or line, a processor in the surgical instrument needs to periodically wake-up, thus shortening the battery life. Further, the processor is required to interrogate the bus to determine if a component has been attached to the surgical instrument in order to transition the instrument into an active state. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    An electromechanical surgical system is provided in an aspect of the present disclosure. The system includes an end effector configured to perform at least one function and an adapter assembly being arranged for selectively interconnecting the end effector and a hand-held surgical instrument. A one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface extends through the end effector, the adapter assembly, and the hand-held instrument. The hand-held surgical instrument has an instrument housing defining a connecting portion for selectively connecting with the adapter assembly. The hand-held surgical instrument includes a master circuit coupled to the one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface and configured to identify or control the adapter assembly or the end effector. A power source is coupled to the one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface and is configured to provide power to the adapter assembly or the end effector. A first switch connects the master circuit to the one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface and a second switch connects the power source to the one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface. A processor controls operation of the hand-held surgical instrument. The processor has a wake-up pin connected to the one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface. The wake-up pin is configured to receive a presence pulse from the end effector or the adapter. 
         [0007]    In some embodiments, the first switch is connected to a first pin of the processor and the second switch is connected to a second pin on the processor. If the processor is in a sleep state, the processor transmits a first signal on the first pin to disconnect the master circuit from the one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface. The processor also transmits a second signal on the second pin to connect the power source to the one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface. 
         [0008]    In some embodiments, the adapter assembly generates the presence pulse when the adapter assembly is connected to the hand-held instrument. The processor transitions from the sleep state to an active state when the wake-up pin receives the presence pulse. The adapter assembly includes an integrated circuit having an identification code stored thereon which is transmitted to the master circuit after the processor is placed in the active state and the master circuit requests the identification code from the adapter assembly. 
         [0009]    In other embodiments, the end effector generates the presence pulse when the end effector is connected to the hand-held instrument. The processor transitions from the sleep state to an active state when the wake-up pin receives the presence pulse. The end effector includes an integrated circuit having an identification code stored thereon which is transmitted to the master circuit after the processor is placed in the active state and the master circuit requests the identification code from the end effector. 
         [0010]    In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for waking up an electromechanical surgical system having a housing that is couplable to a slave device is provided. In the method, a one-wire master circuit is disconnected from a one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface while a power source is connected to the one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface. The system detects a presence pulse from the slave device and if the presence pulse is detected, the electromechanical surgical system is placed in an active state. 
         [0011]    In some embodiments, the slave device is an adapter, a single use loading unit, or a multi-use loading unit. 
         [0012]    In some embodiments, the method also includes interrogating the one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface for the slave device when the electromechanical surgical system is placed in the active state. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]    The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0014]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a surgical stapling instrument for use with a chip assembly according to embodiments of the present disclosure; 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the surgical stapling instrument of  FIG. 1  showing the handle assembly, adapter assembly, and loading unit in a separated configuration; 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  is a system block diagram of the surgical stapling instrument of  FIG. 1 ; and 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart depicting a wake-up method for the surgical stapling instrument of  FIG. 1 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0018]    Embodiments of the presently disclosed electromechanical surgical system, instrument and/or device are described in detail with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements in each of the several views. 
         [0019]    This description may use the phrases “in an embodiment,” “in embodiments,” “in some embodiments,” or “in other embodiments,” which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure. For the purposes of this description, a phrase in the form “A or B” means “(A), (B), or (A and B)”. For the purposes of this description, a phrase in the form “at least one of A, B, or C” means “(A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B and C)”. 
         [0020]    The term “clinician” refers to any medical professional (i.e., doctor, surgeon, nurse, or the like) performing a medical procedure involving the use of embodiments described herein. As shown in the drawings and described throughout the following description, as is traditional when referring to relative positioning on a surgical instrument, the term “proximal” or “trailing” refers to the end of the apparatus which is closer to the clinician and the term “distal” or “leading” refers to the end of the apparatus which is farther away from the clinician. 
         [0021]    The systems described herein may also utilize one or more controllers to receive various information and transform the received information to generate an output. The controller may include any type of computing device, computational circuit, or any type of processor or processing circuit capable of executing a series of instructions that are stored in a memory. The controller may include multiple processors and/or multicore central processing units (CPUs) and may include any type of processor, such as a microprocessor, digital signal processor, microcontroller, or the like. The controller may also include Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD). The controller may also include a memory to store data and/or algorithms to perform a series of instructions. 
         [0022]    Any of the herein described methods, programs, algorithms or codes may be converted to, or expressed in, a programming language or computer program. A “Programming Language” and “Computer Program” is any language used to specify instructions to a computer, and includes (but is not limited to) these languages and their derivatives: Assembler, Basic, Batch files, BCPL, C, C+, C++, Delphi, Fortran, Java, JavaScript, Machine code, operating system command languages, Pascal, Perl, PL1, scripting languages, Visual Basic, VHDL, Verilog, metalanguages which themselves specify programs, and all first, second, third, fourth, and fifth generation computer languages. Also included are database and other data schemas, and any other meta-languages. For the purposes of this definition, no distinction is made between languages which are interpreted, compiled, or use both compiled and interpreted approaches. For the purposes of this definition, no distinction is made between compiled and source versions of a program. Thus, reference to a program, where the programming language could exist in more than one state (such as source, compiled, object, or linked) is a reference to any and all such states. The definition also encompasses the actual instructions and the intent of those instructions. 
         [0023]    Any of the herein described methods, programs, algorithms or codes may be contained on one or more machine-readable media or memory. The term “memory” may include a mechanism that provides (e.g., stores and/or transmits) information in a form readable by a machine such a processor, computer, or a digital processing device. For example, a memory may include a read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, or any other volatile or non-volatile memory storage device. Code or instructions contained thereon can be represented by carrier wave signals, optical signals, digital signals, and by other like signals. 
         [0024]    As used herein, the term “slave device” may refer to any device that is attached a powered surgical instrument. For example, a slave device may be an adapter, a clamshell, single use loading unit (SULU), a multi-use loading unit (MULU), etc. In the embodiments described herein, each slave device includes a chip that initiates a presence pulse which will be described below. 
         [0025]    In embodiments described herein, a powered surgical instrument is couplable to interchangeable adapters and different loading units. For example, the loading units may be a SULU or a MULU. The powered surgical instrument has a handle that includes a processor which controls operation of the powered surgical instrument. The processor can be placed in a sleep state to conserve battery life and transitioned into an active state when one or more slave devices are attached to the instrument. When one or more slave devices are connected to the instrument, the slave devices generate a presence pulse that is transmitted via a one-wire bidirectional serial communication interface to a wake-up pin on the processor. As such, the processor does not need to wake-up on its own thereby saving power. Further, the processor does not need to interrogate a bus on any other type of wake-up condition, which saves time. Additionally, the need for an extra pin going to a distal slave device or any external logic required to generate a wake-up signal is eliminated. 
         [0026]    With reference initially to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a powered surgical instrument including a one-wire bidirectional serial communication system according to the present disclosure is shown generally as stapler  10 . Stapler  10  includes a handle assembly  12 , an adapter assembly  14  extending distally from handle assembly  12 , and a loading unit  16  selectively secured to a distal end of adapter assembly  14 . A detailed description of handle assembly  12 , adapter assembly  14 , and loading unit  16  is provided in commonly-owned U.S. Patent Appl. Publ. No. 2012/0089131, the contents of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
         [0027]    Handle assembly  12  includes a lower housing portion  17 , an intermediate housing portion  18  extending from and/or supported on lower housing portion  17 , and an upper housing portion  19  extending from and/or supported on intermediate housing portion  18 . Intermediate housing portion  18  and upper housing portion  19  are separated into a distal half-section  20   a  that is integrally formed with, and extends from, the lower housing portion  17 , and a proximal half-section  20   b  joined to distal half-section  20   a  by any suitable manner of attachment, such as without limitation, ultrasonic welding and/or a plurality of fasteners. When joined, distal and proximal half-sections  20   a ,  20   b  form a handle housing  21  defining a cavity therein which houses a circuit board that includes a controller (not shown), and a drive mechanism (not shown). 
         [0028]    Lower housing portion  17  includes a door  13  pivotally connected thereto for accessing a cavity formed in lower housing portion  17  for retaining a battery (not shown) therein. It is contemplated that stapler  10  may be powered by any number of power sources, such as, for example and without limitation, a fuel cell, a power cord connected to an external power source, and so forth. 
         [0029]    Adapter assembly  14  includes a drive coupler  22  at a proximal end thereof and coupled to a loading unit coupler  15  at a distal end thereof. Distal half-section  20   a  of upper housing portion  19  defines a nose or connecting portion  11  configured to operably receive drive coupler  22  of adapter assembly  14 . Loading unit  16  includes an adapter coupler  27  configured to operably receive loading unit coupler  15  of adapter assembly  14 . 
         [0030]    Upper housing portion  19  of handle housing  21  encloses a drive mechanism (not shown) configured to drive shafts and/or gear components (not shown) in order to perform the various operations of stapler  10 . In particular, the drive mechanism is configured to drive shafts and/or gear components in order to selectively move a tool assembly  23  of loading unit  16  relative to a proximal body portion  24  of loading unit  16 , to rotate loading unit  16  about a longitudinal axis “X-X” ( FIG. 1 ) relative to handle housing  21 , to move an anvil assembly  25  relative to cartridge assembly  26  of loading unit  16 , and/or to fire a stapling and cutting cartridge within cartridge assembly  26  of loading unit  16 . 
         [0031]    Turning to  FIG. 3 , handle assembly  12  includes a controller  30  that controls operation of the stapler  10 . Controller  30  includes a processor  32  and a one-wire master circuit  34 . When stapler  10  is not in use, processor  32  is placed in a sleep state to conserve battery life. The processor  32  may transition from a sleep state to an active state upon an instruction from a clinician, attaching an adapter  14  to the handle assembly  12 , or attaching a loading unit  16  to an adapter  14  that is already coupled to the handle assembly  12 . 
         [0032]    The one-wire master circuit  34  is the main controller of a one-wire bidirectional serial communications interface or bus  36  and is responsible for finding slave devices on the bus  36  when the slave device(s) announce their presence. The one-wire master circuit  34  also issues commands to the slave devices. There may be only one master circuit  34  on a given bus  36 . The master circuit  34  is coupled to the bus  36  via a switch  38  that receives an open/close instruction from processor  32  via pin  40 . A switch  42  couples the bus  36  to a power source  44  based on an open/close instruction from processor  32  via pin  46 . A wake-up pin  48  on processor  32  detects a presence pulse from the slave devices when the slave devices are coupled to the housing  12 . 
         [0033]    Adapter  14  and loading unit  16  include a chip  50  and  52 , respectively, that are in electrical communication with bus  36 . Chips  50  and  52  are part of an authentication system that prevent unauthorized use of the surgical stapler  10 . Chips  50  and  52  are capable of storing the specifications of adapter  14  or loading unit  16 , such as, without limitation, cartridge size, staple arrangement, staple length, clamp-up distance, date of manufacture, expiration date, compatibility characteristics, a unique identifier (e.g., a serial number), and/or number of uses, and transmitting the specifications to handle assembly  12 . In some embodiments, chips  50  and  52  include an erasable programmable read only memory (“EPROM”) chip. In this manner, the handle assembly  12  may adjust the firing forces, firing stroke, and/or other operational characteristics thereof in accordance with the specifications of loading unit  16  that are transmitted from chip  52 . It is further envisioned that chips  50  and  52  may include write capabilities which allow handle assembly  12  to communicate to chips  50  and  52  that the associated adapter  14  or loading unit  16  has been used, which can prevent reloading or reuse of an expended reload assembly, or any other unauthorized use. A detailed description of a surgical stapler  10  with an authentication system is provided in commonly-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/172,109 filed on Feb. 4, 2014, the contents of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
         [0034]    Turning to  FIG. 4 , operation of a wake-up procedure for surgical stapler  10  will be discussed with reference to  FIGS. 1-3 . In step s 102 , processor  32  is placed in a sleep state. The sleep state may be initiated based on an instruction from a clinician or if the surgical stapler  10  is inactive for a predetermined period of time. In step s 104 , a signal from pin  40  of processor  32  causes switch  38  to disconnect the one-wire master circuit  34  from the bus  36 . Further, in step s 102  a signal from pin  46  causes switch  42  to connect the bus  36  to power source  44 . By connecting power source  44  to the bus, any slave device that is attached to the handle  12  can receive power in order to generate a presence pulse. In step s 106 , the wake-up pin  48  checks for a presence pulse from any connected slave device. The presence pulse is an automatically generated pulse (480 microseconds to ground) transmitted by the slave device after the slave device receives power. If a presence pulse is not found in step s 108 , the sleep state is maintained in step s 110  and the procedure returns to step s 106 . On the other hand, if a presence pulse is detected in step s 108 , the procedure proceeds to step s 112 , where the processor  32  transitions to an active state. In step s 114 , the one-wire master circuit  34  is connected to the bus  36  while the power supply  44  is disconnected from the bus  36 . When the processor  32  transitions from the sleep state to the active state and the one-wire master circuit  34  is connected to the bus  36 , the one-wire master circuit  34  interrogates the bus for the new slave device. 
         [0035]    Although the illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure.