Abstract:
A system and method for providing project management tools to support construction, renovations, maintenance and other projects. The system automates the creation, processing and approval cycles of the numerous documents involved with each project. The system provides standardized work processes through processing templates. The system provides automated control and management of the process. The system allows project initiation and funding approval by clients throughout the corporation via a desktop browser coupled to a corporate Intranet. A software application embodying the present invention and its underlying technology are appropriate for a paper intensive area. It reduces the approval cycle of projects. It automates the creation, processing and approval cycle of documents by routing documents electronically for on-line approval.

Description:
[0001]     The present invention is related to and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/163,506 entitled AUTOMATED FINANCIAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, filed Nov. 4, 1999, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
     Background of the Invention  
       [0002]     Project management, especially in the area of corporate real estate project management, is traditionally a process which is driven by paper forms and documents. These paper documents include for example, purchase orders, work orders, contracts, Requests for Assistance (RFA), Requests for Proposals (RFPs), commitments, bids, invoices, messages (generic correspondence), meeting announcements and minutes, project close outs, complete punch lists, project evaluations, and departmental statistics.  
         [0003]     The processing of all of these various documents is very labor intensive, error prone and subjects the proposed projects to needless delays. For example, if the manager in charge of approving commitments is on a business trip for two weeks, a commitment requiring his or her signature might be delayed for an additional six weeks, which in turn delays another vendor&#39;s initiation of work and so on.  
         [0004]     Furthermore, an increase in the number of requests for new construction or engineering projects increases the volume of documents that are processed by the project administration group and the accounting operations group. This in turn requires an increase in processing capacity through an increase in staff levels or overtime. Conversely, a decrease in volume of requests lowers the productivity of the groups, as the staff levels are maintained to support the processing at the peak operations volume.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     The present invention was originally designed to automate the project management process for the Corporate Real Estate and Facilities Department of the assignee of the present invention. Although originally designed for this type of real estate and facilities department, it is readily seen that the project management method and system of the present invention has wide applicability to most types of project management.  
         [0006]     The system is a collection of process and business objects that provide project management tools to support construction, renovations, maintenance and other projects. One primary function of the system is to automate the creation, processing and approval cycles of the numerous documents involved with each project. The system and method of the present invention provides automation to support the following business processes.  
         [0007]     Strategic Space Planning. This function is responsible for determining how much space is required, demographic and market analysis of locations, and owned versus leased funding strategies.  
         [0008]     Client Management. The system allows project initiation and funding approval by clients throughout the corporation via a desktop browser coupled to the system via a corporate intranet. This concept facilitates self-service delivery. The request component allows clients to specific requirements for construction, renovation, relocation or office furniture.  
         [0009]     Project Support. The system assists the real estate department staff in creating budgets and controlling how budgets are dispensed though purchase orders, work orders and contracts. This includes the table maintenance involved in vendor authorization, workload, reassignment of tasks, security access and security registration, and changes to processes. Project support is provided for the administrative processes such as administering roles and responsibilities, which includes signing authority.  
         [0010]     Project Management. The business objects of the system of the present invention assist a project manager in creating a project budget and controlling how that budget is dispensed through purchase orders, work orders and contracts. Invoices are processed against the commitments and are paid through an electronic accounts payable interface. The underlying system structure provides standardized work processes through processing templates. The system provides automated control and management of the process. This methodology is expandable because it is template based, thereby providing an environment for financial based project management. Additionally, Project Management includes phases of project initiation, predesign, schematic design, design development, construction documents, procurement, preconstruction, construction, and post construction. The system includes project management functionality to assist in: Tracking Project Milestones; Corporate Cost Center Allocations for identifing how project expenses should be charged; Messages which are generic correspondence; Meeting Announcements and Minutes; Creation and approval of commitments; Approval of invoices; Project Close Outs; Complete Punch Lists; Project Evaluations; and Departmental Statistics.  
         [0011]     Vendor Management. The system allows direct access via the Internet to provide extensive functionality for managing approved vendors in relationship to specific projects. This functionality allows an approved vendor to author Bids, Requests for Quotes (RFQs), Invoices, Punch Lists, Lien Waivers and Messages. Other documents can be received and processed with more limited functionality. These documents include Request for Proposals, Contracts, Work/Purchase Orders, Change Orders, Payment Confirmations and Meeting notices. In addition, an in-box allows for timely communications of messages and documents.  
         [0012]     The present invention automates the creation, processing and approval cycles of numerous documents involved in project management. It allows project initiation and funding approval by clients throughout the corporation via a desktop browser coupled to a corporate Intranet. A software application embodying the present invention and its underlying technology are appropriate for a paper intensive area. It reduces the approval cycle of projects. It automates the creation, processing and approval cycle of documents by routing documents electronically for on-line approval.  
         [0013]     Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the following description of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawing. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING  
       [0014]     For the purposes of illustrating the present invention, there is shown in the drawings a form which is presently preferred, it being understood however, that the invention is not limited to the precise form shown by the drawing in which:  
         [0015]      FIG. 1  is an illustration of the structure of the system of the present invention;  
         [0016]      FIG. 2  depicts the process flow of the present invention;  
         [0017]      FIG. 3  illustrates the tree structure organization of project management data;  
         [0018]      FIG. 4  depicts a user interface input screen for inputting a Request for Assistance;  
         [0019]      FIG. 5  shows an approval hierarchy structure according to the present invention;  
         [0020]      FIG. 6  illustrates a budget template and an example budget;  
         [0021]      FIG. 7  depicts an On-call commitment to a vendor;  
         [0022]      FIG. 8  shows a Purchase Order commitment;  
         [0023]      FIG. 9  illustrates the creation of a bid package;  
         [0024]      FIG. 10  illustrates the bid opening processing;  
         [0025]      FIG. 11  depicts the processing of bid responses from vendors;  
         [0026]      FIG. 12  shows the processing of a vendor invoice;  
         [0027]      FIG. 13  illustrates a funding document generated by the system of the present invention;  
         [0028]      FIG. 14  depicts the close out information available to a project manager;  
         [0029]      FIG. 15  illustrates a close out ledger; and  
         [0030]      FIG. 16  depicts a partial closeout. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0031]      FIG. 1  illustrates the system  100  of the present invention. The various parties to the project managed by the system  100  communicate via a corporate Local Area Network (LAN)  105 . Connected to the LAN  105  are various servers  110 - 120  on which reside the applications and databases supporting the system  100 . Server  115  contains the applications that enable the clients to initiate and approve project requests and approve funding for such projects. Work flow server  110  contains the applications which enable the project staff to create and route project documents and manage information. In a preferred embodiment, the workplace server  110  is accessed through an icon on the staffs&#39; work stations  120  which operates in a windows environment. The applications can be developed using C, Powerbuilder™, SQL, Cold Fusions™, or other similar software development languages and tools.  
         [0032]     Database server  120  provides access to database  122  that contains the various databases housing the details of all of the projects under management. In a preferred embodiment, the databases on server  110  are relational database such as is available from the Oracle™ corporation. Illustrated in  FIG. 1  is a work station  125 , such as a personal computer (PC), laptop computer or other such workstations for use by project managers. Clients (employees of the corporation initiating projects) access system  100  through a corporate intranet  130  and client work stations  135 . Vendors access system  100  using a vendor In workstation  140  connect to the corporate LAN  105  preferably through the Internet  145  using a browser. The vendor workstation  140  uses a “thin” client technology meaning that the majority of the software for the vendor access resides on LAN  105  (servers  110 ,  115 ). The firewall  150  provides all of the requisite security such as password protection, authentication and encryption (if necessary).  
         [0033]     System  100  provides security functions based on roles, signing authority and access rights. Security access is defined through a Role-Business Object-Function relationship. In addition, the ability to perform a function on an object (e.g., a document to be approved) depends on the state of the object. For example, as further described below, if a document has been approved, that document can no longer be modified so as to protect the integrity of the approval.  
         [0034]     Database  122  contains various tables that support the security function and allow definitions such as: Roles to Person table that identifies all the roles a person can perform; a Functions to Business Object table that identify all the functions and menu items available to a Business Object; a Tree-views to Role table that identifies all the tree views (described below) available for a role; a Functions to Role table used to classify the functions and menu items as enabled or disabled for each business object within a role; a Function Exceptions table that overrides the classification for functions and menu items for each business object within a role identified at the person level (in other words, include or exclude a specific function in this business object for a person playing this role). A further table contains the state of all of the objects being managed by the system. A history of the revisions to an object (e.g., the changes in state during the approval process of a document) is maintained for auditing purposes. An object in the present invention can have multiple documents associated therewith. For example, if the object is a bid, some of the documents associated with the bid could be a list of vendors (requiring approval) and a commitment (requiring its own separate approval).  
         [0035]      FIG. 2  illustrates a overview of the project process managed by the present invention. The process begins with a client  160  determining that there is a need for the creation of a project. In the preferred embodiment the project is a construction project. The client  160  initiate the project by generating a Request for Assistance (RFA). The Request For Assistance is typically generated by the client  160  with the assistance of a project manager  170 . The process of generating an RFA with the aid of a project manager  170  is an iterative one that involves preparation, negotiation, performance and acceptance. The RFA contains the nature and scope of the project, the funding available for and required by the project, and the schedule by which the project must be complete. Although the RFA can be communicated by telephone call or e-mail, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RFA is generated by the client  160  using system  100 . Specifically, the client uses its workstation  135  to connect to LAN  105  through the corporate intranet  130  ( FIG. 1 ). The applications on web server  115  prompt the client  160  for all of the necessary information required to complete the RFA  165 . The data contained in the RFA  165  is stored in database  122  in separate files associated with the project.  
         [0036]     After the client  160  and the and project manager  170  have finalized the RFA, it goes through an approval process (described below) within the client management chain  162 . Once the RFA has been approved by client management  162  is it automatically forwarded to facilities management  172  for approval and assignment of a project manager  170 . Once the project manager  170  has been assigned and receives the approved RFA, the project manager  170  uses the RFA as a blueprint. As shown in loop  173 , the project manager  170  can typically delegate portions of the project to other groups (e.g., design work and its management can be delegated to a design group within the organization). As will be further described below, the project manager  170  creates bid packages, purchase orders and or contracts  175  which are used to solicit the work from vendors  180 . Typically project managers  170  work with the various vendors  180  in refining the nature and scope of the project. The project managers  170  receive proposals from the vendors  180  who are bidding on the whole or pieces of the project under consideration. The communication between the project managers  170  and the vendors can occur using the telephone or e-mail, but preferably the vendors  180  communicate with the project managers using their workstations  140  through the Internet  145  and firewall  150 .  
         [0037]     For larger projects, the result of the bidding and proposal process is a contract  175  which defines, in detail, the tasks to be preformed by the vendors  180  in completing the projects. The specific tasks to be accomplished can be defined via a Purchase Order, a facilities agreement or a service agreement. Typically, contract  175  is a master contract which defines the general nature of the project as well as the general nature of the relationship between the corporation and the vendors  180 . Pursuant to the contract  175 , the project manager  170  will generate specific commitments to vendors  180  to pay for specific tasks performed by the vendors  180 . The contract  175  further provides for the ability of the project managers  170  to issue change orders to the vendors  180  as the scope of the project changes during the evolution of the project.  
         [0038]     Upon completion of a task, the vendors  180  issue an invoice  185  to the corporation. The invoice  185  can be transmitted to the corporation via tradition paper method, but preferably is transmitted in an electronic form compatible with system  100 . If received in paper form, an invoice  185  is scanned so that it is rendered in electronic form which can be incorporated into system  100  in database  122 . The invoice  185  is reviewed by a project analyst  190  for comparison with the contract and the commitment to the vendor  180 . The invoice  185  then goes through an approval process by the project manager  195  according to the business rules for the project as further described below. Once approved, the payment on the invoice goes through an accounting process  200  in which the payment is validated and charged against the appropriate portions of the contract. The payment is then remitted  205  to the vendor either through a credit to the vendor&#39;s Demand Deposit Account (DDA), via check or via Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) remittance.  
         [0039]      FIG. 2  has depicted the general process of how a project is initiated and managed. The remainder of the Figures will illustrate how system  100  facilitates the initiation management and closure of the project process. As previously described, the workstations for managing the project process ( 120 ,  125  in  FIG. 1 ) operate in a windows environment although any other suitable network operating system (e.g., Unix) can be employed. System  100  includes security procedures, such as sign-on procedures, as known by those skilled in the art.  FIG. 3  illustrates a typical user interface screen  250  which will help explain the structure and functions of system  100 .  
         [0040]     Information concerning projects managed by system  100  are preferably organized in folders  255  by projects. In a preferred embodiment, the folders  255  are organized in a tree structure  260 . User interface  250  illustrates one tree structure  260  of a particular project  270 . System  100  contains various predefined tree views of folders  255  which are selected using list box  265 . Specifically illustrated in  FIG. 3  is a tree view entitled “My Projects” in list box  265 . The tree view of “My Projects” illustrated in  FIG. 3  is the standard default view of system  100 . The “My Projects” tree view is most frequently used by project managers and other support staff. Other tree views access information in a variety of ways. Other tree views include: a close out master view that lists all of the closed projects; a major expenditure plan view that lists all of the major projects; “my” major expenditure plan view which lists the major projects which a particular project manager is managing; a personal view that is an information folder for use by the user to store data for activities not related to specific projects; a projects by business sector view that lists all of the projects, sorted by major business division; a project by facilities division view that lists all projects sorted by a specific facilities department within the corporation; a view of projects by location that lists all of the projects sorted by location; a view of projects by project manager that lists all of the projects sorted by the project manager managing the project; a projects being supervised view that lists all of the projects being managed by the staff of a manager within the corporation; a view of recently approved documents that lists all of the documents that a user has approved within a predetermined period of time (e.g., two weeks); a view of system tables that lists various categories of system data such as roles, user profiles, and signing authorities; and a vendor view that lists all of the vendors sorted by several categories. Although the above is not an exhausted list of all of the views capable of creation in the system  100  of the present invention, it is a preferred list of the views.  
         [0041]     Each of the user interface screens of the system  100  include toolbars  275 ,  280  containing icons that provide short cuts to the functionality of system  100 . In a preferred embodiment, the icons on toolbar  275  are consistent across the user interface screens of system  100 . These icons provide basic functionality to all screens such as a button for returning the user to default tree view, a print button which prints the screens, a close button which closes a screen in which the user is currently operating, a tile up button that returns the screen to the standard screen format with the tree view  260  on the left hand portion of the screen and the selected item on the right hand portion of the screen, and an exit button that is used to exit the system.  
         [0042]     The icons on toolbar  280  change from screen to screen, depending on the function being performed by the user. Some of the toolbar  280  icons illustrated in  FIG. 3  include a new document icon  281  that produces a new document menu; a view notes button that produces a list of all notes created using the notebook feature of the present invention as further described below; a refresh button that renews and updates the tree view after completing an activity; a toggle tree button that toggles between the tree view and a full screen view of the selected item on the right hand portion of the screen; and a create note button that activates the notebook feature of the present invention. The icons on toolbars  275 ,  280  and other functions of the present invention are accessed using a standard input device of the user&#39;s workstation such as a mouse. The mouse is used to click on a button to activate a specific function, to select an item and to drag and drop items of information.  
         [0043]     As previously described, information is preferably presented to the user in a tree view  260 . The specific tree view illustrated in  FIG. 3  illustrates the folders  255  associated with the project  270 . The user illustrated in  FIG. 3  only has a single project  270 , otherwise the other projects associated with the user would be illustrated in the tree view area.  
         [0044]     Eleven folders  255  are shown as being associated with the project  270 . The project directory folder  282  contains a listing of all of the project team members as well as the project vendors. The list is populated from database  122  ( FIG. 1 ) as individuals or vendors are identified on the project. The Request For Assistance folder  284  contains the approved RFA form as described above. The budget and funding folder  286  contains all budget worksheets and funding documents. These documents include a preliminary funding document, a supplemental funding document and surrogate funding documents. Project task folder  288  contains the project tasks that are set up to assign portions of the approved budget to specific trades (e.g., plumbing) in preparation for creating commitments to vendors. Commitments by trade folder  290  lists all of the commitments that have been prepared for a project (including draft, unapproved and approved commitments). The approved commitments folder  292  contains all of the approved commitments. The payments folder  294  contains all approved invoices from vendors for which payment has been made. The bid documents folder  296  contains all information related to bids and bid waivers. Each bid listed in this folder is assigned a unique number for accounting tracking purposes. Reports folder  298  contains a tracking report with respect to the project which lists all commitments and payments. This folder can also be used to store copies of other reports. Projects attachment folder  300  contains sub-folders for storing scan documents or electronic files of plans, specifications, correspondence, schedules and furniture/finishes information for example. The close out folder  302  contains partial and final close out information with respect to the project. Again, the above list of folders  282 - 302  is not exhaustive and any folders can be created which suit the needs of the particular project being undertaken or the corporate system in which the system of the present invention operates.  
         [0045]     The right hand portion of screen  250  depicts the information associated with the folder selected on the left hand portion of the screen. In this particular example, the project  270  has been selected and accordingly, a profile  304  of the project is displayed on the right hand portion of screen  250 . The project profile  304  contains information related to the category of the project, the project number, the project name, the location of the project, the division for which the project is being conducted and the cost center associated with that division as well as the current phase of the project. The project profile further includes a brief project description  306  as well as an area  308  for the project status.  
         [0046]     Although not specifically illustrated in  FIG. 3 , every document within system  100  has its own notebook in which is recorded comments, issues or status information associated with the project. The notebook feature can be activated at any time, such as while preparing a document, during the approval process, or even after final approval. Notes can be saved generally in three different categories. A first category is a comment which includes general notes for the facility staff. A second category of notes is the status of the project which contains on going project status information. This status information from the notebook is displayed in the status area  308  in the project profile area. The final general category of notes contains specific notes to be published to other members of the team such as the clients. The published notes are available to the clients as previously described through the corporate intranet  130 .  
         [0047]     As previously described, the project management process initiated by a Request for Assistance (RFA).  FIG. 4  illustrates an initial user interface screen  350  for creating an RFA. The RFA is prepared either directly by a requestor or by a coordinator within the business unit requiring the project. There are generally two types of information required on an RFA, requestor information  352  and information related to the project requested  354 . The input screen  350  allows the user to input all of the required information into an electronic RFA form. In a preferred embodiment, the electronic form is used for projects over a predetermined dollar amount (e.g., $10,000). If the project total is less than the predetermined amount, the user can e-mail the project and requestor information to the facility staff. The facility staff can then prepare an internal RFA on behalf of the requester so that the request can be inputted and managed within the system  100  of the present invention.  
         [0048]     Once the RFA has been completed, the user saves the document and clicks on a button (not shown) to send the RFA for approval. This action brings up a client hierarchy screen  360  illustrated in  FIG. 5 . This screen represents one of the unique features of the present invention. On screen  360 , the user is able to identify the proper personnel required to approve the RFA. In the specific example depicted in  FIG. 5 , three separate approvals are required for the RFA. The first approval is a business unit manager  362 , the second approval by a business unit controller  364  and the final approval by a business executive  366 . Different rules are capable of being set in the database  122  of system  100  such that depending on the scope of the project (typically the total dollar amount) the number of approvals will change. For example, for larger projects (e.g., above $100,000) a business unit executive  366  will be required to approve the RFA. In area  368 , the user is able to select the actual person who is fulfilling the role required for approval. The database of system  100  contains all of the relevant information with respect to each person in each business unit that can fulfill each role (e.g., name, e-mail address, title, etc.). The user can select the appropriate person from a drop down menu by selecting the down arrow on each box in area  368 .  
         [0049]     Once the appropriate people have been selected for the approval roles with respect to the RFA, the user clicks on the submit button  370 . This action automatically forwards the electronic RFA to the person fulfilling the role of the first level of approval required for the RFA. A notice of the pending RFA requiring approval is added to the workflow list of pending tasks of the approver. This workflow list is accessed by the approver using button  375 . When activated, this button provides a list of all of the documents requiring the persons&#39; approval. The approver is then able to click on the notice which will bring up the actual electronic RFA document for review by the approver. After the review is complete, the reviewer is able to type any notes into a comment area of the RFA document and select one of several actions. If the approver approves the RFA, the electronic RFA is sent to the next individual in the approval hierarchy. System  100  enables electronic signatures as is well known to those skilled in the art. The approver can also return the RFA for clarifications to the previous approver or to the requester. Such an action should be accompanied by the approver including notes in the comment area which further define the clarifications required. The approver can also disapprove the RFA which sends the form directly back to the requestor or client coordinator. Again, if the RFA is disapproved, the approver should include notes in the comment area including reasons for the disapproval. Finally, the approver can discontinue the review of the RFA and come back to complete the review at a later time. In this action, the notice of the pending RFA will remain in the approver&#39;s work list. If the RFA is approved by the final approver in the client hierarchy, the form is automatically routed to a dispatcher in the project management staff. At this point, the approved RFA is assigned a project number and a project manager.  
         [0050]     The automatic approval process of the present invention has several distinct advantages. First, the process is instantaneous. Once a document has been submitted for approval, notice of the receipt of the document for approval is immediately sent to the approver and the document is immediately available for review. This is in sharp contrast to the prior art method of approval in which documents typically were rerouted using interoffice mail. Apart from the delay associated with such a mail system, documents were often lost or misplaced. Tracking the status of approvals using the present invention is as simple as clicking on a button on the user&#39;s screen. The prior art required someone to conduct a series of phone calls, e-mails and personal visits to the approvers. Another advantage of the approval hierarchy of the present invention is that it recognized the corporate reality that people often change jobs, responsibilities, and locations. If such a change occurs, the database  122  of system  100  is easily modified to reflect the change. For example, if someone having the role of an approver is promoted and another person takes over the role, the database can be easily modified to replace the promoted person with the successor. Any subsequent approvals will then be automatically forwarded to the successor. Similarly, if someone having a role is on a temporary leave or absence, any task assigned to that person (e.g., approvals) can be easily and temporarily reassigned to a substitute person.  
         [0051]     Additional functionality provided to the clients of system  100  is the ability to view a list of RFAs for its business unit by clicking button  378 . This button will bring up a window containing all of the RFAs of the business unit. The list will include the project name, the date prepared, the status of the RFA and the status of the funding of the project. In a similar manner, a client is able to view a list of all of the finding documents by clicking on button  380 . The finding list will display all of the funding documents for projects on which the user is involved. Once a list is displayed in the system  100  of the present invention, the user is able to view the actual documents associated with the item by selecting the particular item.  
         [0052]     After the approved RFA has been received by the project staff, one of the first tasks for the project staff is to create a budget and funding documents for the project.  FIG. 6  illustrates a user input screen  400  for creating budgets and funding documents. In a preferred embodiment, budgets are created using predefined templates. Area  402  allows the user to view a list of all of the budget templates available within system  100 . These templates can either be global (general formats available to all personnel) or private (i.e., templates that the user has personally created for his or her own use). Once a template is selected, the template is displayed in area  403  on the left hand portion of screen  400 . In the preferred construction embodiment of the present invention, the templates contain three levels of project information, including individual trades (e.g., lighting fixtures), trade categories (e.g., electrical) and summary categories (e.g., construction,  404  in  FIG. 6 ). The templates in area  403  can be viewed in the standard view as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , or a tree view as previously described, that shows summary categories in expandable folders.  
         [0053]     Once the template is displayed, the user is able to create the unique budget for the project in area  406  by dragging and dropping the items from the template area  403  into the budget area  406 . For each item in the budget, the user is required to input the unit  408 , quantity  410  and price  412 . Once these items  408 - 412  have been input by the user, system  100  automatically calculates the cost of the item  414 . Additionally, system  100  allocates the cost as a capital item  416  or an expense item  418 . System  100  additionally calculates an allowed contingency amount  420  which can be set in the system as a percentage of the cost (e.g., 10% of the capital cost). The user is able to increase or decrease this contingency amount in area  422 .  
         [0054]     If the creation of the budget document lasts longer than the user session, the user can save the budget as a worksheet and come back at a later time and complete the budget. Once the budget has been finalized, it is saved in a final form. The budget is then used to create a funding document that requires approval. The budget is a very complex and detailed document(s) that potentially includes hundreds of trades, capital items, expense items, etc. Rather than have the client and facilities management approve the very detailed budget, the system of the present invention generates a funding document for approval. An example of a funding document is depicted in  FIG. 13 . The funding document of  FIG. 13  was generated by a template accessing data from the database containing the budget. It is appreciated that any template can be used to generate any type or form of funding document desired. As seen in this Figure, the funding document summarizes the capital items for the project  700  as well as the expense items  705 . These summaries  700 ,  705  provide the approvers with an overview of the total spending for the project without the complexity of the details of the entire budget. Further shown in  FIG. 13  are the names of the approvers of the funding document as well as the dates of the approval. The funding document indicates approval by both the facilities department  710  as well as the management of the business unit  715 .  
         [0055]     As previously described with the approval process for an RFA, the project staff member submits the funding document for approval which is automatically forwarded to the facilities hierarchy for approval. Again, the first person in the facilities hierarchy receives a notice in his or her work list regarding the funding document to be approved. The same automatic forwarding of approved documents is follows as described above with respect to an RFA. Again, if at any level of the approval process the reviewer denies approval or requests further clarification, the funding document is automatically returned to the previous approver with notes in the comments section providing reasons for the disapproval or the required clarification. Once the funding document has been approved by all levels of the facilities hierarchy, it is automatically forwarded to the client hierarchy for its approval. In a preferred embodiment, the client business unit has a similar level hierarchy for approvals, depending on the scope and size of the project. The same approval process is repeated within the client business unit including automatic forwarding of approved funding documents. Once the funding document has received final approval from the client hierarchy, it is automatically forwarded to the assigned project manager who acknowledges the approved funding document. The funds are now available for commitments and the process of managing the project begins.  
         [0056]     With the approved RFA and budget in place, the project manager is able to begin the actual project management. This process starts with the project manager generating commitments to vendors for various aspects of the projects. In the preferred construction embodiment of the present invention, the commitments include: architectural/engineering on calls; Purchase Orders; bids; bid waivers; contracts; change orders; and work orders. Architectural/engineering on-calls are commitments for on-call consultant services which typically result in the generation of a purchase order. A Purchase Order is a commitment for goods, materials, equipment or services, typically up to a predetermined dollar amount (e.g., $25,000). In the preferred embodiment, commitments over the predetermined amount (e.g., $25,000), require competitive bids. Again, these bids result in purchase orders for goods, materials and equipment or contracts for the provision of services. Alternatively, for commitments over the predetermined dollar amount, biding can be waived pursuant to a special bid waiver approval process. Work orders are commitments made against a master contract with a vendor for certain services of any dollar amount and for other trade services up to a predetermined amount (e.g., $10,000). Change orders are amendments to previously approved purchase orders or contracts, either increasing or decreasing the dollar amount. The change order results in a revised purchase order or a revised contract.  
         [0057]     The commitments are created against the previously approved funding and begin with the creation of a project task that assigns a portion of the approved budget to a specific trade. In order to create a project task for a commitment, the project manager selects the new document icon ( 281  in  FIG. 3 ) to create the task. Activation of this icon  281  displays a document selection menu which includes the various documents which the project manager is able to create. A selection exists for each of the above-identified types of commitments (e.g., an on-call commitment). By selecting one of the items, the project manager is required to complete a description of the project task including the trade, the protocol for the commitment (e.g., source, bid, waived bid, negotiated, national contract), the type of commitment (e.g., purchase order, contract, work order) the tax status of the commitment (e.g., taxable, nontaxable) and a detailed description of the scope of work to perform pursuant to the commitment.  
         [0058]     The project manager is further required to complete a trade code details section. All of the trade codes that are contained within the approved budget are displayed (e.g., electrical). The project manager is able to drag and drop the applicable trades from the project budget to the trade code portion of the project task. The project manager then types in the dollar amount for each applicable trade for the commitment. Once the project manager has completed the above, the project manager saves the project task and is then able to generate the actual commitment.  
         [0059]      FIG. 7  illustrates a complete commitment request  450  for an architectural/engineering on-call. In creating this commitment  450 , the project manager was prompted to enter information related to the project  455 , information related to the consultant (vendor)  460 , the scope of the job and the square footage affected and the fees associated therewith  465 , as well as a summary of the funding and financial commitments  470 , both with respect to this particular commitments and the project in total. Many of the items found on this on-call commitment were obtained from pull down menus (not shown) such as the consultant. Other items such as the cost center to be changed for work performed are provided by system  100  as a default once the project number is inputted by the project manager. Once the on-call commitment has been completed by the project manager, the project manager submits the commitment for approval to the project staff. As previously described, the approval process is automatic, with each level of approval being able to approve the document, disapprove the document or return the document for clarification.  
         [0060]     In addition to the electronic commitment, system  100  provides the project manager with the capability of scanning in additional documents that are associated with the commitment or creating any attachment such as spreadsheets, JPEG files, drawings. In the preferred embodiment, such attachments are created using Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) compliant software. Additional documents attached to a commitment may include proposals from the consultant or vendor. These attachments are available for review by the approvers at their work stations by selecting a view menu and selecting the attachments choice on the view menu (not shown).  
         [0061]     Once an on-call commitment request has received final approval, system  100  automatically generates a purchase order number and notifies the project manager (electronically) of the purchase order number. A hard copy of the purchase order is issued by the project staff to the vendor. Preferably, the vendor is also able to obtain an electronic copy of the purchase order through the Internet interface previously described with respect to  FIG. 1 . The purchase order contains all of the basic information contained in the on-call commitment request as illustrated in  FIG. 7 . In the preferred embodiment, when the vendor opens the electronic purchase order (or other document such as a contract or a change order), the vendor is presented with a set of appropriate functions. For example, for contracts, a command button will be provided to Agree to the terms or Not Agree with an opportunity to comment or create addendum. The Agree function invokes an electronic signature process. Some functionality may not be available based on the stage of a particular process. For example, invoices cannot be created until a work document has been accepted.  
         [0062]     In the preferred embodiment, records relating to a vendor remain available in system  100  for a period of at least one year following the job&#39;s completion. Documents the vendor can author include Bids, RFQs, Invoices, Punch Lists, Lien Waivers and Messages. Documents the vendor can receive and process with limited functionality are Request for Proposals, Contracts, Work/Purchase Orders, Change Orders, Payment Confirmations and Meeting notices. In this preferred embodiment, the vendor is only allowed to view documents they authored or documents intended for them. The ability to delete documents are limited from a vendor&#39;s perspective and may only be allowed depending on the state of a document. This will provide for a document draft feature prior to posting to the workflow.  
         [0063]     The generation of a project task for purchase orders is the same as described above with respect to on-call commitments.  FIG. 8  illustrates a request for a purchase order commitment  475  generated by system  100  of the present invention. The project profile information  455  is the same as described above with respect to the on-call commitment. The commitment information  480  includes the trade involved, the type of commitment (a purchase order in this example) and the protocol for the commitment. The vendor information  485  describes the vendor to which the Purchase Order is to be issued. Again, this information can be input by the project manager using drag and drop methods previously described from a master list of vendors for the selected trade. The selection of vendors can either by from all of the vendors contained in the system or from vendors with which the corporation has a master contract. The cost associated with the purchase order is entered in area  490  and the summary of the financial commitments is again listed in area  470 . As with the on-call commitment described above, the project manager is able to scan non-electronic documents into the system for attachment to the purchase order. Once the purchase order request has been saved, it can be submitted for approval and proceeds through the approval hierarchy as previously described. Upon final approval, the purchase order is issued to the vendor with notification being made to the project manager electronically.  
         [0064]     A project task for a bid is again created as described above. Once the project task has been created, the project manager is then able to create a bid package  500  as illustrated in  FIG. 9 . System  100  automatically assigns a bid number  502  to the bid package as well as assigning the bid status  504  of “initialization”. As previously described, a bid is an object that can have many documents associated therewith. Each document can have a separate approval process as described above. There is not necessarily a one to one relationship between documents and the object with which they are associated. The trade  506  is obtained by the system from the information provided by the project manager in the creation of the project task. The project manager then inputs the invitation and bid due dates  508  and  510  as required by the project. The contract type  512  is selected by the project manager from a pull down menu (not shown). The project manager further inputs any special instruction in area  514 . The bid package total  518  is automatically calculated by the system as the sum of the tasks  520 . The tasks  520  are initially populated by system  100  from the entries input the project manager when creating the project task. The project manager can add additional tasks in area  520  that he or she desires to be bid upon. The task can relate to the same project number or be associated with different projects, The price options  522  defaults to a base price, but the project manager can select alternative pricing options from a pull down menu (not shown). The documents supporting the bid are listed in area  524  and include such documents as architectural or engineering drawings as well as equipment specifications.  
         [0065]     Once the bid package has been saved. The project manger is provided with a bid package vendor selection screen that allows the project manger to choose the vendors from which bids will be requested. Again, the project manager is able to select the vendors from a list complied from the database  122  in system  100 . Once the project manager has finished selecting the vendors from which bids will be requested, the list is saved and submitted for automatic approval as described above. Once the list of proposed bidders has been approved, the bid package is sent to each of the bidders in hard copy form and preferably in electronic form.  
         [0066]     Prior to the bid due date, the bidders submit their bid proposals in response to the bid package. Due to legal concerns, it its preferable that the bids be opened and witnessed by two and preferably three witnesses.  FIG. 10  illustrates an input screen  550  used for conducting the bid opening. As illustrated in this Figure, three witnesses  552  are provided. System  100  requires these witnesses  552  to input their IDs and passwords when conducting the bid opening. As each bid is open, the information from each vendor is input into area  554 . The vendor name and the price options are defaulted by the system  100  from the approved proposed bidder list previously described. The amount  556  is obtained from the vendors bid and is input into the system by the project staff. Additionally, the actual bid documents are scanned into system  100  and linked as attachment to the project. Once all of the bids from the selected bidders have been entered, the bid responses on screen  550  is saved and the bid opening is officially closed. The project manager is now able to perform an evaluation of the bids.  
         [0067]     In performing the bid evaluation, the project manager selects the bid documents folder ( 296  in  FIG. 3 ) to view the various bids. The bid documents folder contains all of the bids associated with the selected project. Selecting a modify button (not shown) activates a bid evaluation screen  560  as illustrated in  FIG. 1l . As seen in screen  560 , each of the bidding vendors is displayed. The project manager is able to enter a qualified price  562  which is either the bid amount submitted by the vendor during the bidding process or an adjusted amount due to clarifications with the vendor after the bid has been opened. The project manager is additionally able to enter any comments on the pricing in area  564  with respect to each of the vendors. The project manger is then required to rank the vendors in area  566  and provide a reason for selecting a particular vendor in area  568 . If addition documents have been submitted by the vendors, they can be scanned in and attached to the data for project as well as other attachment such as drawings. Once the project manager has completed his or her ranking  556 , the bid evaluation is saved and submitted for approval. The automatic approval process proceeds as described above with respect to the approval hierarchy.  
         [0068]     The above has described a process for creating and approving three types of commitments, namely architecture/engineering on calls, purchase orders and bids. Similar processes are performed for the creation and approval of bid waivers, work orders and change orders. These processes shall not be specifically described herein, those skilled in the art appreciated how such processes are accomplished.  
         [0069]     After the commitments have been made to the various vendors and the work has been completed, the vendors submitted invoices for the services and materials provided pursuant to the commitments. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the invoices are electronically transmitted from a vendor workstation  140  ( FIG. 1 ) through the Internet  145  and the firewall  150  for receipt by system  100 . Alternatively, paper invoices may be submitted, scanned and the data entered into the system either manually or through drag and drop methods. The project manager reviews the invoice data contained in system  100  against the scanned copy and makes any necessary adjustments in the payment amount, retainage, freight/delivery or tax, based on the actual goods or services provided.  
         [0070]      FIG. 12  illustrates an example of an invoice data entry screen  600 . After an invoice has been received, the purchase order number  602 , the invoice number  604  and the invoice date  606  are entered. System  100 , using the purchase order number  602 , automatically fills in the commitment information  608  as well as the vendor information  610 . The amount of the invoice including the material amount, the freight amount and the taxable amount are entered in area  612 . Once the data has been entered on invoice data entry screen  600 , the data is saved and submitted for approval. The invoice approval process follows the approval hierarchy described above with respect to the other documents generated by the system. In a preferred embodiment, if the invoice amount does not exceed the commitment amount, the project manager alone can approve the invoice. If the invoice amount does exceed the commitment amount, the project manager can prepare a change order. The change order requires approval through the hierarchy and the issuance of a revised purchase order reflecting the adjusted commitment amount. Once the invoice has been approved, the payment can be made to the vendor either through the issuance as by check, crediting of the vendors demand deposit account, or through other EDI means.  
         [0071]     One further advantage of the present invention is the automatic nature of the tracking of the accounting information. A general rule is that any required accounting information (e.g., the business unit to which items will be charged) is captured by the system as soon as possible and thereafter carried through throughout the project. For example, once the client identifies the business unit to be charged, this identification is automatically carried into the templates for the project, commitments and invoices. All documents created from these templates will therefore automatically carry the identification of the business unit to be charged.  
         [0072]     As briefly described above, one of the features of the present invention is the ability to automate the close out process. The process of closing out a project has historically been an arduous and manually intensive process. As previously described, the preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to construction projects, and the close out process will be described in terms of this embodiment. The closeout procedures of the present invention automate the financial transactions associated with the following two processes: handling of a project&#39;s CIP (construction-in-progress) account balance; and the final closing of a project.  
         [0073]     The CIP account is a holding account that captures a construction project&#39;s capital expenditures. At the end of the project, the balance in the CIP account is passed to a fixed asset (F/A) account for depreciation. Until the asset has been thus transferred, it cannot be depreciated. After the balance is passed to a fixed account it starts depreciating thus creating depreciation expenses for portion of the corporation that is benefitting from the project. There is no hard requirement for the construction project to be 100% complete in order to commence depreciation. Depreciation can start with the payment of the first invoice with respect to the project. Typically, financial accounting rules governing construction projects employ an 80% threshold for commencing depreciation (i.e., 80% of the project must be complete before depreciation is started). The specifics of a project might require for the depreciation to be started both before or after an 80% threshold is reached.  
         [0074]     As previously described, many of the processes of the method and system of the present invention are driven by the documents related to the project. The final closing of a project in the system of the present invention is a system controlled procedure that starts with automatic examination of various states of the project documents. As a result of this thorough examination, the system produces an on-line diagnostics which highlights all inconsistencies detected by the process. The problems are categorized and displayed for the project manager.  
         [0075]     The system performs several types functions related to close outs, including a partial close out, a full close out, abort a close out and cancel a close out. A partial closeout is a type of closeout that is done when there is a need to move a portion of CIP balance to a F/A account. On larger projects, either in terms of funds and or the period of time for completing the entire project, having multiple partial closeouts is a very useful function practical. A full closeout is a type of closeout that is performed by the project manager only once. After successful completion of full closeout the project is closed to any further activity (including commitments and payments). A Cancel closeout is a type of closeout that is performed by the project manager in a case where a project was initiated in the system of the present invention but, before any commitments were issued to the vendors or any invoices were paid, the decision was made to stop it. An abort closeout is a type of closeout that is performed by a project manager when the client requested to stop the project after the funding was approved, commitments were issued and/or invoices were paid.  
         [0076]     A trigger built in the system initiates the first partial closeout for a project when the payment of a particular invoice meets the 80% threshold. The 80% threshold is with respect to the entire project. This trigger for a partial close out can be set to occur with respect to any event that is kept track of in the system. For example if there are several phases of a project, the trigger can cause a partial closeout at the completion of a particular phase. The trigger initiates a workflow process gets started that opens a closeout session. The system automatically links all of the paid invoices for the project to the closeout session created by the trigger. The system also generates a substantial number (sometimes hundreds) of financial transactions that will be sent to the General Ledger (G/L).  
         [0077]     The work flow process sends the generated transactions to an analyst in the financial area. After reviewing the transactions, the analyst approves the session. This single automated procedure alone replaces a substantial manual effort (document collection, data entry, data validation, etc.,) which would take weeks or even months to complete. The financial analyst can request that the system start a partial closeout if needed. In the preferred embodiment, there is no system-imposed limit on the number of partial closeouts that can be processed by the system.  
         [0078]      FIG. 14  illustrates the close out information that the system makes available to the project manager. As previously described with respect to  FIG. 3 , the tree structure of folders in the project manager&#39;s directory includes a close out folder  800 . Opening the close out folder brings up the screen  802  seen in the left hand portion of  FIG. 14 . Close out screen  802  contains six tabs  805 - 830  for viewing further information with respect to the status of the various close outs with respect to a project.  
         [0079]     As illustrated in screen  802  in  FIG. 14 , the Financial Summary tab  805  displays a summary of the overall financial status of the project. Information in area  835  provides identification of the project, while the information in area  840  summarized the actual financials. The financial information in area  840  includes the budget for the project, the amount of the budget that has been committed, the amount of the commitments that have been paid, the percentage of the budget that has been paid, the retainage held and the retainage paid. On this single summary screen  802 , the project manager is quickly able to obtain a summary of the progress, from the financial point of view, of the project.  
         [0080]     Each of the other tabs, commitments  810 , unapproved budget  815 , unapproved commitments  820 , change orders  825  and invoices  830  respectively bring up screen that detail the status of the subject matter related to the items associated with the tab. For example, the commitments tab  820  brings up a screen (not shown) that shows in detail all of the commitments that were created in the system. For each commitment, the screen shows the vendor to which the commitment has made, the category (e.g., construction, move) the amount of the commitment, the amount paid to date and the remaining balance of the commitment. The remainder of the tabs  810 - 830  bring up similar screens that list all of the items associated with the tab.  
         [0081]     The folders Closeout Ledger  850  and Partial  860  in the project manager&#39;s tree directory contain further information related to the closeout status. The closeout ledger folder  850  bring up a screen  900  as illustrated in  FIG. 15 . This ledger screen  900  includes a summary are  905  and a detailed area  910 . Within the detailed area  910 , there is an entry for each of the closeouts associated with the project. In the particular example depicted in this Figure, only a single partial closeout has been executed with respect to the project.  FIG. 16  illustrates the details associated with a partial closeout. Area  950  lists the project information and the project details are listed in area  955 . Area  960  contains the details as to the G/L accounts to which the items in the partial closeout were assigned. Area  970  details the different G/L accounts to which items were posted as well as the depreciation schedule that is assigned to the items.  
         [0082]     When a project has been completed, the project manager initiates a final closeout. Again, the full level of automation associated with the partial closeout as described above is applied to the full close out. In contrast to a partial closeout though, additional tests are performed to make sure that no unfinished business associated with the project is left unattended. For example, one test is performed to expose any unpaid invoices. Another test is performed to identify any commitment that is not fully paid. A further test is performed to identify any credit from a third party (e.g. a real estate) due to the project that is not collected. And so on. A full diagnostic of the state of the project is presented to the project manager in a manner of seconds and a list of actions required is fully identified. In the prior art manual process, this undertaking would have required days if not weeks to complete.  
         [0083]     To close projects that were canceled before they were started and those that were stopped after they were started, two other types of closeout processing are performed as previously described, Cancel closeouts and Abort closeouts. Various tests are performed by the system to help the project manager to handle these exceptional conditions correctly.  
         [0084]     Although the present invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, many other variations and other uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is preferred, therefore, that the present invention be limited not by the specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.