Abstract:
A fluid-operated actuating drive on a valve comprising a base unit ( 2 ) having an electro-fluidic signal converter and a fluidic controller and at least one linear actuator ( 4 ) that can be actuated using the fluidic controller, wherein the gate ( 11 ) of the linear actuator is directly or indirectly coupled to the inlet of the valve. A control unit ( 22 ) is connected to a signal input of the base unit, wherein the signal output is connected to the electro-fluidic signal converter. The actual value signal of a measurement transducer ( 24 ) associated to the valve is fed back to the control unit. A fluidic internal control circuit ( 27 ) is arranged functionally between the signal input and the at least one linear actuator, preferably downstream of the electro-fluidic signal converter.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/EP2011/000528 filed on Feb. 4, 2011, which claims priority to DE 10 2010 007 152.8 filed on Feb. 5, 2010, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a fluid-operated actuating drive on a valve, especially a shutoff, safety or regulating valve. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    In practice, various valve actuating drives are known and in use. Besides widely employed electrical valve actuating drives, these also include in particular fluid-operated valve actuating drives (see, for example, EP 0665381 B1, EP 1418343 B1, EP 1593893 B1 and EP 2101061 A1). Typically such fluid-operated valve actuating drives comprise a linear actuator, whose slide is coupled directly or indirectly with the input of the valve, and a base unit provided with the fluidic control system. This latter typically comprises an electrofluidic signal transducer, which in particular is disposed upstream from the fluidic control system and is able to cooperate therewith and may have a proportional output response. Furthermore, at a signal input in communication with the electrofluidic signal transducer or associated therewith, there is typically connected an external electrical regulating unit, which may comprise input means, a setpoint input, a regulating electronic unit, a communications unit, a signal output and/or a signal generator. In the sense of a closed regulating circuit, the actual-value signal of a measuring sensor associated with the valve may then be fed back to the electrical regulating unit. 
         [0004]    EP 884481 A2 discloses a pneumatic position regulator for a pneumatic actuating drive, whose manipulated variable is corrected to an adjustable setpoint value, especially for positioning of membrane-actuated and piston-actuated regulating valves in proportion to a pneumatic input signal. In order to avoid pressure losses, this position regulator is equipped with three main components, namely a comparator, which compares the manipulated variable with the setpoint value and outputs a difference value, a first valve, which is disposed in the flow path from a pneumatic pressure source to the actuating drive, is closed in the rest condition and can be activated by the difference value, and a second valve, which is disposed in the flow path from a relief aperture of the actuating drive to a pressure sink, is closed in the rest condition and can be activated by the difference value. The regulating circuit of the position regulator contains a pneumatic actuating drive with a positioning element in the form of an actuating rod, which couples the manipulated variable to the element determining the flow through the valve, slide or the like. The actuating drive is provided with a pressure-urged membrane, with which the positioning element is connected. The stroke movement of the positioning element is output via a mechanism, preferably a cam mechanism with exchangeable cam disks, to the one end of a compression spring, whose other end loads the one arm of a double-armed lever, which is mounted pivotally at its center. A pressure/force transducer containing a membrane urged by a setpoint pressure presses on the same lever arm as the compression spring, but in opposite direction. The force exerted by the compression spring on the lever arm is compared in the capture range of the regulating circuit with the opposing force exerted via the membrane, by the fact that an equilibrium is established between these forces. Together with the compression spring, the pressure/force transducer therefore forms a setpoint/actual value comparator. In this comparator, the compression spring together with the cam mechanism disposed upstream from it forms a displacement/force transducer, which converts the stroke of the positioning element into the actual-value force. 
         [0005]    DE 3819122 C2 discloses a method for regulating the position of servo valves with fluid or with regulated actuating drives operated by electric motors, wherein the deviations between the actual and the ideal correlation of reference variable and controlled variable of the servo valve is sensed as a function of the direction of movement in a preliminary test and a correction value formed from this deviation is delivered to the comparator of reference variable and controlled variable on the regulating device. The delivery of the correction value takes place in the form of a change of the signals of reference and/or controlled variable delivered to the comparator. This correction value is delivered to the regulating device in such a way that the deviation of the correlation of reference variable and controlled variable caused by the hysteresis of the system comprising servo valve with regulated actuating drive is compensated. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    The object of the present invention is to provide a fluid-operated valve actuating drive characterized by particularly favorable regulating behavior. In particular, it includes compensating for interfering variables acting on the system especially rapidly and efficiently. 
         [0007]    In this sense, the inventive fluid-operated valve actuating drive is characterized in particular by the fact that at least one fluidic internal regulating circuit is disposed between the signal input and the at least one linear actuator, preferably downstream from the electrofluidic signal transducer. In other words, a control chain is not present between the electrofluidic signal transducer and the linear actuator in the inventive fluid-operated valve actuating drive, but instead at least one fluidic internal regulating circuit is integrated or embedded in this region of the system. In this way there is obtained multi-layer regulation, meaning regulation that takes place in several levels, of the valve in question, namely by the fact that a second internal regulating circuit acting purely fluidically is provided in a subordinate level inside the conventional regulating circuit controlled via the electrical regulating unit. In this way unexpectedly pronounced advantages are achieved for the regulation behavior, even in several respects. In the first place, it is favorable that the additional fluidic internal regulating circuit can be disposed functionally and systematically close to the valve, so that interfering variables can already be compensated particularly efficiently in this respect. Furthermore, the fluidic regulation, provided according to the present invention, via the fluidic internal regulating circuit, especially downstream from the electrofluidic signal transducer, is systematically superior to an electrical regulating system in terms of regulation dynamics. As a result, the inventive fluid-operated valve actuating drive is clearly superior to the prior art in terms of regulation behavior. 
         [0008]    According to a first preferred improvement, the fluidic internal regulating circuit is constructed as a subordinate position-regulating circuit. In this improvement of the inventive actuating drive, especially the position of the slide of the at least one linear actuator is corrected via the fluidic internal regulating circuit. The advantage, already explained hereinabove, of the immediate, direct correction of the linear actuator in reaction to possible interfering variables is particularly pronounced in this case. The self-regulating drive achieved in this way considerably simplifies the regulation of the valve position. And drive-dependent differences such as reaction and dead times are eliminated. 
         [0009]    Another preferred improvement of the invention is characterized in that the electrofluidic signal transducer, together with a closed regulating circuit, preferably a pressure or volume-flow regulating circuit, is constructed as a subordinate regulating circuit. This is advantageous especially in such inventive valve actuating drives in which the pressurized-fluid supply is organized not decentrally, in other words close to the valve, but instead centrally. 
         [0010]    In this connection, it proves favorable according to another preferred improvement of the invention, when pneumatic auxiliary energy is used and an I/P converter is employed as the electrofluidic signal transducer. This I/P converter is preferably equipped with an internal pressure sensor and an internal pressure-regulating circuit. Instead of controlled signal transmission, a closed electrical pressure-regulating circuit with a self-regulating pressure control element is present in this case. The improved regulating performance achievable in this way leads to optimum process mastery and quality. Furthermore, it is favorable when the I/P converter is operated by particularly energy-efficient and highly dynamic piezo valve technology and/or has no inherent air consumption in the adjusted condition, the pressure-sensor signal is transmitted for external processing to the electrical regulating unit and/or the pneumatic interface between drive and I/P converter conforms with VDI/VDE 3845 for single-acting drives. According to yet another preferred improvement of the invention, it is provided, especially for use of compressible pressurized fluids in pneumatic drives, that the at least one linear actuator is constructed as an actuator urged by fluid on both sides, in which case both working chambers are constantly connected to a pressurized-fluid supply. If both working chambers of the linear actuator urged by fluid on both sides are connected in this sense directly to the pressurized-fluid supply or are urged thereby, and for positioning purposes, in other words to vary the position of the slide of the linear actuator in question, one of the two working chambers is selectively vented, the slide of the linear actuator is clamped with maximum stiffness in every operating situation, thus permitting particularly good regulation capability. Furthermore, it may be ensured with such a construction that ambient air is never aspirated into the linear actuator, whereby the penetration of contaminants into the system is ruled out and the useful life is prolonged. A further advantage of this improvement consists in the inexpensive structure, which can also be mastered very simply, by the fact that the double-acting linear actuator may be regulated with a single electrofluidic signal transducer. Once again, all of the said advantages are of particular practical relevance, especially for pneumatic inventive valve actuating drives. 
         [0011]    In an improvement of the fluid-operated valving-unit actuating drive explained in the foregoing, the fluidic internal regulating circuit may comprise in particular a regulating group connected upstream from the linear actuator and having two structural units that can be moved relative to one another and that release or close control apertures, wherein a first structural unit is coupled with a pilot cylinder urged by a control pressure and the second structural unit is coupled with the slide of the linear actuator. This is particularly favorable in turn in the case of the embodiment of the linear actuator as a double-acting linear actuator, in which case the said regulating group then preferably communicates via a respective drain line with the two working chambers connected constantly to a pressurized-fluid supply. A particularly favorable structural improvement is then characterized in that the regulating group is provided with two drain valves, which respectively comprise a valve seat mounted displaceably against a preload inside a housing. 
         [0012]    According to another preferred improvement of the invention, it is provided that the valve actuating drive comprises two linear actuators disposed opposite one another and one mechanical converter, which is disposed between the two linear actuators and which couples their slides with one another. This said mechanical converter is able in particular to convert the linear motion of the slides of the two linear actuators into a rotary motion, namely when the valve is provided with a turnable blocking element, whose position can be varied by way of the valve actuating drive. Particularly preferably, this actuating drive is constructed modularly from individual components in the form of the base unit, joined together as a functional unit, the two linear actuators and the mechanical converter, to obtain a compact, closed fluidic drive system provided with only one electrical input and one mechanical take-off means acting on the input of the valve. The joining together of the said components as the compact, closed fluidic drive system may be accomplished in particular by the fact that the two linear actuators are flanged onto the mechanical converter, which in turn is connected via a flanged joint to the base unit. This ensures that—according to a further preferred improvement—all fluid connections between the base unit and the actuators and if necessary the mechanical converter are routed inside the components in question, so that no kind of exposed fluid lines exist. These said fluid connections may be equipped, specifically in the region of the separating planes through which they pass between the said components, with self-closing shutoffs, which prevent the emergence of fluid or the unintended penetration of contaminants along the separating planes, especially when individual components are demounted for the purpose of maintenance. Additional filter elements for the fluid may be provided in the region of these shutoffs, especially integrated therein or respectively joined thereto as a structural unit. All technical viewpoints mentioned in the foregoing and structurally improving the inventive valve actuating drive prove to be particularly advantageous in hydraulic valve actuating drives according to the present invention. They act in particular to the effect that, from the viewpoint of the user of the fluid-operated valve actuating drive, they may be regarded as completely equivalent to the electrical valve actuating drives in terms of maintenance and upkeep, while at the same time preserving the specific advantages of fluid-operated versus electrical valve actuating drives, namely the special compactness, energy efficiency and reliability as well as simple implementation of highly dynamic safety functions if necessary, the latter feature in particular being due to the capability of storing fluidic energy. 
         [0013]    It has already been mentioned hereinabove that, within the scope of the present invention, the pressurized-fluid supply may be organized both centrally, in other words commonly for several valve actuating drives, and decentrally, in other words associated respectively with only one individual valve actuating drive. In the latter case, the base unit of the inventive fluid-operated valve actuating drive particularly preferably comprises a pressurized-fluid supply unit. In the case of a hydraulically actuated valve actuating drive according to the present invention, such a pressurized-fluid supply unit particularly preferably comprises a hydraulic assembly fed from a tank and equipped with a pump driven by an electric motor. In contrast, in a pneumatically operated valve actuating drive according to the present invention, the said pressurized-fluid supply unit preferably comprises a pneumatic pump driven by an electric motor and aspirating ambient medium—preferably via a filter system. If the inventive fluid-operated valve actuating drive is constructed in the foregoing sense as a hydraulic actuating drive, it may be provided, according to yet another preferred improvement, with a filling port suitable for the first filling of the fluid system with hydraulic fluid from a cartridge, especially a port disposed on the base unit. This enables the user to place a hydraulically operating valve actuating drive according to the present invention in service without coming into contact in any way with hydraulic fluid. This in turn favors the use of hydraulically operated valve actuating drives, which as regards their operating behavior are superior to electrical valve actuating drives (see hereinabove), even in applications in which special value is placed by the user on cleanness and a minimum risk of coming into contact with hydraulic fluid. 
         [0014]    In the sense of high safety against failure of the system, merely one of the possibilities is that, as already mentioned hereinabove, of storing fluid energy in a pressure accumulator (especially externally mounted), in order that the valve can still be brought at least to a predetermined safety position in the event of failure of the pressurized-fluid supply. Alternatively, it is also possible if necessary to integrate a mechanical energy-storing spring in the at least one linear actuator. Particularly preferably, such a mechanical energy-storing spring is preloaded by fluidic pressure and interlocked in the preloaded position, so that it does not constantly urge the slide of the linear actuator in question in the sense that work would have to be done continuously against the force of the mechanical energy-storing spring. In this case the mechanical energy-storing spring urges the slide of the associated linear actuator only after actuation of an interlock release, by means of which a blockade holding the energy-storing spring is cancelled. Such a mechanical energy-storing spring, which is held in blocking condition during normal operation and is released only in an emergency by cancelation of the blockade, combines the advantages of high reliability of the valve actuating drive with further viewpoints, such as economy, compactness and actuation dynamics. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0015]    Further advantageous improvements of the present invention are specified in the dependent claims or will become apparent from the explanation hereinafter of preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
         Herein 
         [0016]      FIG. 1  shows a schematic diagram of a hydraulically operating valve actuating drive according to the present invention, 
           [0017]      FIG. 2  shows a structural configuration of a self-regulated positioning drive implemented in the valve actuating drive according to  FIG. 1 , 
           [0018]      FIG. 3  shows a schematic diagram of a pneumatically operating valve actuating drive according to the present invention, and 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  shows the regulation diagram of the exemplary embodiments of an inventive fluid-operated valve actuating drive shown in  FIGS. 1 and 3 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0020]    According to  FIG. 1 , a hydraulically operating valve actuating drive  3  is associated with a shutoff valve  2 , known in itself and comprising a linearly movable shutoff slide  1 . This drive comprises as main components a linear actuator  4  and a base unit  6  provided with a pressurized-fluid supply unit  5  and a fluidic control system. This linear actuator  4  is constructed as a double-acting hydraulic cylinder with a piston  8 , which is guided in a cylinder  7  and separates two working chambers  9  and  10  urged in opposite directions from one another, and which is connected to a slide  11  in the form of a piston rod  12 . This piston rod  12  acts directly on shutoff slide  1  of shutoff valve  2 . 
         [0021]    In a manner known in itself, pressurized-fluid supply means  5  comprises a hydraulic assembly  13  with a hydraulic pump  15  driven by an electric motor  14  and a tank  16  for the hydraulic fluid. Furthermore, base unit  6  comprises fluidically piloted valves  17  and a fluidic interface  18 , via which the base unit is in communication with a downstream fluidic translator  19 . Fluidically piloted valves  17  of base unit  6  are activated—via associated signal inputs—by electrofluidic signal transducers in the form of pilot valves  20 , on which electrical regulating unit  22  acts, which unit is itself equipped with a communication interface  21 . Furthermore, a setpoint input  23 —connected to a non-illustrated setpoint feed—is connected via communication interface  21  to regulating unit  22 . 
         [0022]    Position sensor  24 , which is connected via a communication interface  25  to regulating unit  22  and feeds the actual position of shutoff slide  1  back to regulating unit  22 , is associated with shutoff slide  1  of shutoff valve  2 . Furthermore, an optical position indicator  26  is provided. 
         [0023]    Within the scope explained in the foregoing, the valve actuating drive according to  FIG. 1  is analogous to the sufficiently known, widely used prior art, and so more detailed explanations are unnecessary. The fundamental deviation of valving-unit actuating drive  3  according to  FIG. 1  compared with the prior art consists in the fact that regulating unit  22  does not act directly on linear actuator  4  in such a way that a fluidic internal regulating circuit  27  located downstream from the electrofluidic signal transducer exists functionally between the signal input of base unit  6  and linear actuator  4 . Thus fluidic translator  19  is in direct hydraulic communication not with the ports of linear actuator  4  but instead with a purely hydraulic regulating group  29  comprising a self-regulated positioning drive  28 . 
         [0024]    Self-regulated positioning drive  28  comprises (see  FIG. 2 ) a housing  30  and a slide  31  guided displaceably therein (double arrow A), which slide is sealed relative to housing  30  by means of O-rings  32 . Furthermore, two nozzle inserts  33  are accommodated in housing  30 . These are also guided displaceably in housing  30 , specifically parallel to direction of movement A of slide  31 , and are sealed relative to housing  30  by means of O-rings  34 . Furthermore, they are preloaded against a stop  36  by means of springs  35 . In the neutral position of self-regulated positioning drive  28  illustrated in  FIG. 3 , these two nozzle inserts bear sealingly against sealing members  49 , which are disposed at the end faces on slide  31 , in such a way that control apertures of nozzle inserts  33  are closed by the said sealing members  49 . 
         [0025]    Via a coupling rod  37 , which passes through a window  48  in housing  30 , slide  31  of self-regulated positioning drive  28  is connected to slide  11  of linear actuator  4 , so that it directly follows the movement thereof. Housing  30  of self-regulated positioning drive  28  is displaceable in its own right. Its position is predetermined by a double-acting pilot cylinder  38 . Via base unit  6  and fluidic translator  19 , pilot cylinder  38  is controlled by regulating unit  22 ; thus the latter, via pilot cylinder  38 , predetermines the position of housing  30  of self-regulated positioning drive  28 . 
         [0026]    Via high-pressure lines  39  with flow throttles  40 , the two working chambers  9  and  10  of linear actuator  4  are constantly connected to high-pressure side  41  of pressurized-fluid supply unit  5 , in other words are constantly subjected to the delivery pressure thereof. Furthermore, the two working chambers  9  and  10  of linear actuator  4  are in communication, via respective drain lines  42 , with respective inputs  43  in housing  30  of self-regulated positioning drive  28 . In this way, in the adjusted condition, the same pressure conditions as in working chambers  9  and  10  of linear actuator  4  prevail in the two pressure chambers  44  of self-regulated positioning drive  28 . 
         [0027]    If housing  30  of self-regulated positioning drive  28  moves upward in the lifting direction of shutoff slide  1  due to corresponding urging, predetermined by regulating unit  22 , of pilot cylinder  38  by base unit  6  and fluidic translator  19 , the upper of the two pressure chambers  44  is placed in communication with low-pressure side  46  of pressurized-fluid supply unit  5  through bore  45  of associated nozzle insert  33 . The pressure in upper working chamber  9  of linear actuator  4  drops below the pressure prevailing in lower working chamber  10 , with the result that slide  11  of linear actuator  4  is lifted in the sense of servo regulation, specifically until the shutoff slide coupled with slide  11  of linear actuator  4  reaches the position in which slide  31  of self-regulated positioning drive  28  coupled therewith again closes both nozzle inserts  33 . In this sense regulating group  29  is provided with two drain valves  47 , which respectively comprise a valve seat mounted displaceably against a preload inside a housing  30 . 
         [0028]    In the illustrated system, an interfering variable acting on shutoff slide  1  is directly compensated within the purely hydraulic regulating circuit of self-regulated positioning drive  28 , and so to this extent no regulating intervention of regulating unit  22  takes place. The regulation characteristic of regulating unit  22  is matched to this. 
         [0029]      FIG. 3  illustrates an embodiment which is substantially comparable in terms of its function with the embodiment according to  FIG. 1 , although the following deviations from the embodiment according to  FIG. 1  are to be emphasized. 
         [0030]    Thus shutoff valve  2  is provided with a blocking element  51  that can be turned around an axis  50  instead of with a blocking slide. This is connected to rotate with a shaft  52 . Furthermore, two counter-running double-acting linear actuators  4  are employed in the embodiment according to  FIG. 3 . These are connected in antiparallel relationship to the further components of the pneumatic system. Furthermore, the linear motion of the two linear actuators is converted into rotation in a mechanical converter W, wherein the slides of the linear actuators act via toothed racks  53  on a toothed gear  54  connected to rotate with shaft  52 . 
         [0031]    In addition, the valving-unit actuating drive operates pneumatically. Accordingly, instead of a hydraulic pump, pressurized-fluid supply unit  5  comprises an air compressor  55 . This aspirates ambient air via a filter  56 . The pneumatic fluid is blown off into the environment on the low-pressure side, for which purpose a muffler  57  is provided there. 
         [0032]    Otherwise the person skilled in the art will understand the embodiment according to  FIG. 3  and the function thereof directly from the foregoing explanations of  FIGS. 1 and 2 , and so to avoid repetitions these will not be presented here. 
         [0033]    According to the regulation diagram illustrated in  FIG. 4 , an input signal travels via communication input  60  to position regulator  61  (cf. regulating unit  22 ). As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 3 , this is able to act directly on a fluid control element (cf. pilot valves  20 ), which acts on a fluid translator  63  (cf. hydraulically piloted valves  17 ), which in turn acts on a further fluid translator  64  (cf. fluidic translator  19 ). Nevertheless, between position regulator  61  and the further fluid translator  64 , as explained in general in the description, it is also possible to integrate a subordinate pressure-regulating circuit  65 , which comprises a self-regulating pressure control element and has a pressure regulator  66 , to which the signal of a pressure sensor  67  is fed back. The output of further fluid translator  64  acts on position regulator  68  (cf. regulating group  29 ), which in combination with linear drive  69  (cf. linear actuator  4 ) and displacement transducer  70  (cf. coupling rod  37 ) forms a subordinate position-regulating circuit  71  comprising a self-regulating positioning drive. In the embodiment according to  FIG. 3 , linear drive  69  acts on a rotary transducer  72  (cf. mechanical converter W), whose output acts on valve  73  (cf. shutoff valve  2 ). The position of rotary transducer  72  may be optically indicated in position indicator (cf. position indicator  26 ). Furthermore, the actual position of the linear drive (embodiment according to  FIG. 1 ) or of the rotary transducer (embodiment according to  FIG. 3 ) is sensed via a position sensor  75  (cf. position sensor  24 ) and, for formation of a regulating circuit  76  for valving-unit position, is fed back to position regulator  61 .