Abstract:
The present invention relates to an insulated barrier preventing wildlife from simultaneously contacting an electrically energized and an electrically grounded surface, comprising: electrically insulated radially and axially extending members forming an hexagonal web having a first hexagonal rib that defines an opening offset from the geometric center of the barrier; and an insertion slot extending from an outer portion of said barrier to the offset opening for movement of said barrier onto electrical equipment utilizing and installation grip area for engagement with a gripping portion of an installation tool.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]    This invention relates to barriers for preventing animals from causing phase-to-ground contact outages in high voltage equipment. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]    Wildlife such as squirrels, birds and similar animals create serious power disruptions when they inadvertently short circuit power equipment. The damage usually disables the distribution and substation equipment used to supply electrical energy. When high voltage short circuits occur power outages typically result which are costly and affect vital services. Solutions to prevent animals from approaching power equipment, such as the use of chemical pesticides, are not environmentally friendly. Additionally pesticides must be continually applied and are expensive. Physical barriers to prevent animals from climbing into the electrical equipment have been found to be effective. The prior art discloses various approaches such as cone-shaped, cylindrical and cap-shaped devices, each of which is comparatively large because of their need to fit over and enclose an insulator skirt. These are difficult to store and transport. Flat or planar devices, some circular and others rectangular shaped, tend to be easier to transport and store. Additionally, some prior art devices require that the power be turned off before installing the barrier. Others however, do not require this step (see, U.S. Pat. No. 5,650,594). Rauckman U.S. Pat. No. 6,878,883 and Williams U.S. Pat. No. 5,864,096 disclose circular shaped planar designs that do not require that power be turned off before installing the barrier. However, due to the configuration of these devices, they are susceptible to failures, especially in the areas of the insertion slot. This is partly due to the inherent inflexibility of the design under stress and distribution of the weight and balance when installed. From the end users perspective William&#39;s cannot easily remove the barrier from an insulator without its “teeth” in the insertion slot breaking. Once the teeth break, the barrier will not stay securely mounted to the insulator, rendering the barrier useless. Furthermore a barrier damaged during removal does not allow reuse of the barrier following inspection, repair and periodic maintenance. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]    The present invention pertains to a barrier to guard against wildlife contacting an electrically energized and an electrically grounded surface. The barrier has a hexagonal offset opening where electrical power equipment devices such as a ceramic insulator securely mount. The hexagonal offset opening imparts flexibility on the insertion side and thereby facilitates passage onto the insulator. A generally polygonal network contributes to its flexibility thereby improving long-term reliability and the ability to reuse the barrier. Notably, centrally offsetting of the mounting of the device to the insulator central location serves to better balance the barrier when installed. 
         [0004]    One aspect of the invention is a barrier that isolates an electrical device from wildlife comprising a plurality of electrically insulated radially and axially extending members forming polygonal structures including a first hexagonal rib forming an opening offset from the geometric center of the barrier; an insertion slot extending from an outer portion to said offset geometric center for moving said barrier onto an electrical device; and at least one installation grip area for engagement with a gripping portion of an installation tool to mount said barrier onto an electrical device. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0005]    It is to be understood that the accompanying drawings are solely for purposes of illustrating the concepts of the invention and are not drawn to scale. The embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, and described in the accompanying detailed description, are to be used as illustrative embodiments and should not be construed as the only manner of practicing the invention. Also, the same reference numerals have been used to identify similar elements. 
           [0006]      FIG. 1  is a plan view of an insulation barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0007]      FIG. 2  is an elevation showing an insulation barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0008]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a section of the insulation barrier according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0009]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of an insulation barrier mounted upon a ceramic insulator according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0010]    It is to be understood that the figures and descriptions of the present invention have been simplified to illustrate elements that are relevant for a clear understanding of the present invention, while eliminating, for the purpose of clarity, many other elements found in typical barrier systems and methods of using the same. Those of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that other elements and/or steps are desirable and/or required in implementing the present invention. However, because such elements and steps are well known in the art, and because they do not facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, a discussion of such elements and steps is not provided herein. 
         [0011]    The barrier  10  as depicted in  FIG. 1  is a polygonal disc that serves to block animals from climbing onto high power electrical devices and causing phase-to-ground contact. The polygonal disc is formed of a plurality of spaced apart, irregularly shaped polygonal enclosed areas  30 . For purposes of discussion the irregularly shaped enclosed areas  30  are disposed within two imaginary concentric circles A and B. The circle A is defined as the circumscribed perimeter enclosing an inner polygonal rib  3 . The circle B is defined as the circumscribed perimeter enclosing an outer boundary of the barrier  10 . In the barrier  10  region between an interior offset opening  14  and the circumference of circle A the barrier  10  utilizes substantially orientated axial and radial ribs to form generally irregularly shaped three-sided to eight-sided polygonal structures  32 . The network formed axially about the offset opening  14  has a generally hexagonal configuration and defines bounded areas such as area  15 . In the barrier  10  region between the circumference of imaginary circle A and the circumference of imaginary circle B, substantially orientated axial and radial ribs form irregularly shaped four, five and six-sided polygonal structures  23  axially disposed and defining bounded areas  20  and  21 . 
         [0012]    Referring now to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the solid areas  22  and rib members,  18 ,  19 ,  23 ,  27 ,  29  are typically about one-half inch in vertical height or thickness along the X-axis. As illustrated in  FIG. 2  by way of example and not limitation, the central point  5  of the opening  14  may be somewhat thicker in the region  2  than the more distance radial components to strengthen the area, where for example the loads are expected to be either greater or lesser depending on a particular application (e.g. to withstand impact from large tree branches in the proximity of the barrier  10 ). In one non-limiting embodiment, the barrier  10  is constructed from of an engineered polycarbonate thermoplastic, although the barrier  10  can be constructed from any material that provides the requisite insulating dielectric commensurate with the voltages against which the wildlife is protected. 
         [0013]      FIG. 3  shows a cut-away view of radially extending member  18  as attached to one of a set of cross member polygonal ribs  16 , 17  forming a hexagonal web  32  (also see,  FIG. 1 ). Referring to  FIG. 1 , the bounded areas  15 ,  20  and  21  are in part formed by a network of rib members,  16 , 18 , 19 ,  27 ,  29  to create spaces for purposes of (1) reducing weight, (2) balancing the barrier  10  on its mount, (3) preventing the accumulation of rain, (4) permitting the melting ice and snow to pass through, (5) allowing power washing effects, small debris and wind to pass relatively unimpeded and (6) improving the flexibility of the barrier  10  network of rib members so as to improve reliability. 
         [0014]    Referring to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 4 , a hexagonal rib  34  having segments  34   a - 34   f  forms the offset opening  14  for fitting onto the electrical equipment such as insulator  40 . The offset opening  14 , the center  12  of which is not at the geometric center  5  of the structure of the circumference of the concentric circle B, balances center of gravity of the barrier  10  by taking into account that the weight right of the Y-axis is greater than the weight left of the Y-axis (See  FIG. 3 ). The displacement in the direction to the right of the Y-axis thereby equalizes the moment of forces right and left of the Y-axis thus balancing the barrier. Center  12  is thus the center of gravity of barrier  10  and is displaced from the geometric center. 
         [0015]    As shown in  FIG. 1 , an insertion slot  28  formed from ribs  27 ,  29  extends from an outer portion to said offset opening  14  for movement of said barrier  10  onto the insulator  40 . The sides of the insertion slot  28  form a continuous insertion slot featuring smooth, gradually curved arcs that slightly reduce the width of the insertion slot along a portion thereof. When sliding the barrier  10  into a cylindrically shaped electrical device such as the ceramic insulator  40  shown in  FIG. 4 , the insertion slot  28  opens its gradually curved arcs that serve to expand while the ribs  27 ,  29  press tightly against the side surface of the insulator. The large diameter of the insulator  40  stresses the ribs  27 ,  29  forcing them to separate as it proceeds through the continuous insertion slot while transmitting the forces to the first hexagonal rib  34  segments  34   a - 34   h . As the opening  14  expands and therefore hexagonal rib  34  expands or stretches to accommodate the insulator  40  it distributes axial and radial forces among the components  34   a  through  34   f  and the corresponding attached axial members thus reducing the stresses to offset opening  14  as compared to a barrier having a an analogous but circular rib opening. 
         [0016]    The hexagonal shape of the central opening  14  surrounds the typically cylindrically shaped ceramic insulator  40  making perimetric contact between the side surfaces of the central opening  14  segments  34   a - 34   f  and the outer surface of the insulator  40  thus holding the barrier  10  firmly in place. The hexagonal shape of the central opening  14  when compared to a barrier having a generally circularly shaped opening offers a better grip due to specific pressure points between the side surfaces of the central opening  14  segments  34   a - 34   f  and the cylindrically shaped ceramic insulator  40 . The specific pressure points of the present invention offers a stable platform against the forces of wind, animals and other environmental factors that may cause the barrier to move, twist or spin. Thus, when compared to a barrier having a generally circularly shaped opening, the barrier  10  has a reduced chaffing along the side surface of the coated and polymer insulators such as insulator  40  and therefore reduces premature wear and damage. 
         [0017]    When dust dirt and contaminants are deposited on any barrier the potential increases for an electrical charge to follow the path from the contaminant to the insulator and eventually to the high voltage supplied through a conductor in the insulator  40  core. This type of discharge increases the likelihood of damage and consequent power outages to the electrical equipment. Two features reduce the potential increases for an electrical charge to follow such as path: (1) reducing the surface area of the barrier  10  between the contaminant to the insulator and reducing the tracking resistance between the contaminant to the insulator. A flat or continuous planar surface barrier would provide the least resistance from a contaminant because of its large surface area. However, the hexagonal and polygonal design of the interior portions of the barrier  10  provides less opportunity for dirt and contaminants to permanently lodge because its ribbed design provides for ample spaces. Furthermore the overall surface area of the hexagonal and polygonal design is less than a planar surface of the same size because it increases the overall tracking resistance, that is the distance a charge has to travel, by elongating the path of resistance to the insulator  40  core and hence the high voltage core. 
         [0018]    There are one or more solid areas depicted as corresponding plate members  22  at the outer portion of the barrier  10 , each with through holes  24  located substantially in the center of the associated member  22  for gripping by insulated handling equipment. The circular through hole  24  serves to permit passage of a gripping portion of an installation tool while installing and removing the barrier  10 . However, the circular through hole  24  of the barrier  1  is notably centrally located in the plate members  22  optimizing leverage of the handling equipment thus improving passage ports adjacent to a plate member. 
         [0019]    A process of mounting the barrier  10  includes the steps of (1) placing an installation tool (not shown) at the centrally located through  24  hole of the member  22  provided on a barrier  10 ; and (2) installing the barrier  10  onto insulator  40  by steadily pushing the barrier onto the insulator  40 ; until the hexagonal offset opening expands to the circumference of the insulator. 
         [0020]    A process for removing the barrier  10  from an insulator includes the steps of (1) placing an installation tool (not shown) at the centrally located through  24  hole of the member  22  provided on a barrier  10 ; and (2) de-installing the barrier  10  from the insulator  40  by steadily pushing the barrier from the grip of the insulator  40  as the hexagonal offset opening retracts and the insulator is finally removed. 
         [0021]    It is expressly intended that all combinations of those elements that perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve the same results are within the scope of the invention. Substitutions of elements from one described embodiment to another are also fully intended and contemplated.