Abstract:
A method for configuring a firewall or a router, a first computer or a first computer network being connected to a second computer network via the firewall or the router, and the router or the firewall being configured in such a way that a computer communication between a computer of the second computer network and the first computer or a predefined computer of the first computer network is made possible. For the configuration it is necessary to fill out a respective application form which is then automatically translated into a code which is suitable for the configuration. The invention also relates to a computer program which implements this translation, a data carrier on which the computer program is stored, and a data processing device on which the computer program is installed.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The invention relates to a method, a computer program, a data carrier and a data processing device for configuring a firewall or a router.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The main function of a firewall is to protect a local computer network, which may be for example an Intranet of an industrial company, against attack from an external computer network, for example the Internet. An attack is for example an attempt by a person referred to as a hacker to access the Intranet from the Internet without authorization in order, for example, to obtain data from the Intranet without authorization or to place in what is referred to as a computer virus on the Intranet. In order to protect against the attack, the firewall prevents any communication between the integral computers of the local computer network and computers of the external computer network. A firewall can be connected, for example, between the local computer network and the external computer network so that access to the local computer network from the external computer network is permitted only to specific users who are predefined on the basis of a configuration of the firewall. This is necessary, for example in what is referred to as a partner connection in which computers of various computer networks communicate with one another, in a home workstation or in an external service connection via modem or ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network). The firewall can, however, also be configured in such a way that only specific users of the local computer network can communicate with computers of the external computer network. However, a firewall can also prevent direct communication between an individual computer and a computer network (cf. for example Stefan Strobel “Firewalls”, second updated and expanded edition, Heidelberg, dpunkt-Verlag,  1999 , or “Computer-Fachlexikon” [Computer specialist dictionary], Microsoft Press Deutschland, Unterschleiβheim, 2000, page 282).  
           [0003]    A router is a switching device in a computer network, which ensures the most efficient possible transmission of data from one computer to another computer of the computer network, for example on the basis of a protocol which is assigned to a data record transmitted from one computer to the other computer and which may be, for example, what is referred to as an Internet protocol (IP). A router can also connect different computer networks to one another, for example the local computer network and the external computer network. A router can also be configured in such a way that it also has a firewall functionality. This is possible, for example, if what is referred to as an IP filter is implemented by means of the router. A router with an IP filter then passes on only data records of a predetermined type, with predetermined source addresses and/or target addresses, predetermined source ports and/or target ports or even possibly data records with predetermined flags.  
           [0004]    Before the user can access specific computer programs of the local computer network from, for example, a computer of the external computer network, the fire-wall or the router must be configured in a suitable way. This is generally done by a specially trained person known as an administrator who is also responsible for smooth operation of the local computer network. Before the administrator suitably configures the firewall or the router, the user generally makes an application to be allowed to access the desired computer program. The administrator then checks whether the user is at all allowed to access the computer program referred to by him, and subsequently carries out a technical risk analysis which is intended to at least limit possible security risks. The intention is, for example, to ensure, on the basis of the technical risk analysis, that the user has access only to the computer program desired by him, or that an unauthorized person has access to a computer program or a computer of the local computer network on the basis of a negligently executed technical risk analysis. On the basis of the technical risk analysis, the administrator determines, for example, suitable IP filter or port filters or else suitable host routing. The administrator then configures the firewall or the router in a suitable way so that the user can access the computer program desired by him.  
           [0005]    However, this process may be relatively time-consuming and can generally be carried out only by a specialist such as the administrator.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    The object of the invention is therefore to specify a method which provides a precondition for configuring a firewall or a router in a simple and, in particular, timesaving fashion.  
           [0007]    The object is achieved by means of a method for configuring a firewall or a router, a first computer or a first computer network being connected to a second computer network via the firewall or the router, and the router or the firewall being configured in such a way that a computer communication between a computer of the second computer network and the first computer or a predefined computer of the first computer network is made possible, having the following method steps:  
           [0008]    a prepared application form which is assigned to the computer communication is filled out, and  
           [0009]    the filled-out application form is automatically translated into a code which is suitable for the configuration of the firewall or of the router.  
           [0010]    According to the invention, a prepared application form which is assigned to the computer communication is therefore filled out before the configuration. Assigned to the computer communication is understood to mean that the application form is used to provide information which is necessary for the desired computer communication. This information comprises, for example, a target address or an ISDN number of that computer with which communication is to be carried out, a possible authentication scheme, for example CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol), VPNs (virtual private network) etc. Further, the intention is that it will not be possible to use the application form to provide any information which can be used to configure the firewall or the router differently from the desired computer communication. The method according to the invention may, for example, provide a particular saving in time for the configuration if different users desire access to the same computer program or computer. Then, in fact large parts of the technical risk analysis have to be carried out only once as a large number of settings, in particular IP filters or port filters for the various users are the same or at least similar. Consequently, for one preferred variant of the invention there is provision for the application form to be based on a technical risk analysis which is generated once and assigned to the computer communication.  
           [0011]    After the application form has been filled out, according to the invention the application form is automatically translated into the code which is suitable for configuring the firewall or the router. The translation is preferably carried out automatically by means of a suitable computer program. In this way, manual translation of the application form by the administrator is avoided. Instead, as is provided according to a further embodiment of the invention, the firewall or the router can be automatically configured after the translation into the code.  
           [0012]    The main advantage of the method according to the invention is thus that only one application form which is assigned to the computer communication has to be filled out when the firewall or the router is configured. The translation into the code, and possibly the configuration are then carried out automatically. This results not only in a saving in time with respect to the configuration of the firewall or the router but also in a reliable configuration of the firewall or of the router as no manual steps which are possibly subject to errors are necessary between the filling out of the application form and the configuration. In addition, the technical risk analysis only has to be carried out once.  
           [0013]    According to one variant of the invention, after the automatic configuration of the firewall or of the router, an administrator who maintains the first computer network or the first computer is automatically informed of the configuration. The administrator of the first computer network or of the first computer, that is to say the person who is responsible for the smooth operation of the first computer network or of the first computer is thus reliably informed of a modified configuration of the firewall or of the router.  
           [0014]    According to embodiments of the invention, the first and/or the second computer network is an Intranet, an ISDN network, (Integrated Service Digital Network) or the Internet.  
           [0015]    As already described above, the application form is advantageously translated into the code by means of a computer program. According to further advantageous variants of the invention, the computer program is stored on a data carrier or installed on a data processing device. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]    An exemplary embodiment is illustrated in exemplary form in the schematic drawings, in which:  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 1 shows a situation which illustrates the method according to the invention,  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 2 shows a flowchart which illustrates the method according to the invention, and  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 3 shows an application form. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020]    [0020]FIG. 1 shows a typical structure of a connection of a local computer network, which in the present exemplary embodiment is an Intranet  1  of an industrial company which manufactures medical equipment, to an external network. In the present exemplary embodiment, the external network is an ISDN network (Integrated Service Digital Network)  2 . Such a structure is presented in principle, for example in Stefan Strobel “Firewalls”, second updated and expanded edition, Heidelberg, dpunkt-Verlag, 1999 on page 210.  
         [0021]    In the present exemplary embodiment, the Intranet  1  comprises a plurality of PCs, of which PCs  3   a  to  3   c  are illustrated by way of example in FIG. 1. The individual PCs  3   a  to  3   c  are connected to one another in a way which is generally known to the person skilled in the art, for example by means of a BUS which is not illustrated in FIG. 1.  
         [0022]    In order to prevent direct data traffic between the PCs  3   a  to  3   c  or the Intranet  1  and the ISDN network  2 , in order thus to minimize, for example, data traffic, which is costly under certain circumstances, from the Intranet  1  to the ISDN network  2  or to limit or monitor-access from the ISDN network  2  into the Intranet  1 , the PCs  3   a  to  3   c  of the Intranet  1  can communicate with the ISDN network  2  only via what is referred to as a demilitarized zone (DMZ)  4 . The DMZ  4 , which is also referred to as a firewall network, comprises, in the present exemplary embodiment, an inner router  5 , an outer router  6  and a plurality of servers, of which servers  7   a  to  7   c  are illustrated in FIG. 1 by way of example.  
         [0023]    The inner router  5  is connected here to the Intranet  1  and permits communication between the individual computers  3   a  to  3   c  and the servers  7   a  to  7   c . The outer router  6  is, on the other hand, connected to the ISDN network  2  and permits only a communication between individual computers connected to the ISDN network  2  and the servers  7   a  to  7   c . There is thus no direct connection between the ISDN network  2  and the Intranet  1 . Instead, the PCs  3   a  to  3   c  can only communicate via the servers  7   a  to  7   c  with the computers connected to the ISDN network  2 . In order to obtain additional protection of the Intranet  1  and of the servers  7   a  to  7   c , the servers  7   a  to  7   c  are additionally protected with a firewall  8  which is connected between the inner router  5 , the outer router  6  and the servers  7   a  to  7   c.    
         [0024]    The inner router  5  and the firewall  8  are configured in the present exemplary embodiment in such a way that employees  9  of the industrial company have access, by means of the PCs  3   a  to  3   c , to data, computer programs, applications etc. specific to them and stored in the servers  7   a  to  7   c  of the DMZ  4 . On the other hand, the outer router  6  is configured, in conjunction with the firewall  8 , in such a way that only specific computer programs, files, applications etc. stored in the servers  7   a  to  7   c  are accessible from the ISDN network  2 . The communication between one of the employees  9  using one of the PCs  3   a  to  3   c  and a computer which is connected to the ISDN network  2  is therefore possible only via the DMZ  4 , and in particular only via one of the servers  7   a  to  7   c.    
         [0025]    As already mentioned, in the present exemplary embodiment, the industrial company manufactures medical equipment, for example a magnetic resonance device  10  illustrated in FIG. 1. In the present exemplary embodiment, the magnetic resonance device  10  has been sold to a hospital  12  and is located in an examination room  13  of the hospital  12 .  
         [0026]    In the present exemplary embodiment, the magnetic resonance device  10  comprises a computer  11  which controls, inter alia, the magnetic resonance device  10  suitably during operation, in a way which is known to the person skilled in the art. The computer  11  of the magnetic resonance device  10  is also connected to a local computer network (hospital network)  14  of the hospital  12 , the hospital network  14  being in turn connected to the ISDN network  2  by means of a router  15 .  
         [0027]    In the present exemplary embodiment, a service computer program, which is suitable inter alia for remote maintenance of the magnetic resonance device  10 , is also stored in the server  7   a  of the DMZ  4 . By means of this service program, a technician  16  of the industrial company can test the magnetic resonance device  10  remotely in a way with which the person skilled in the art is familiar if the inner router  5 , the outer router  6 , the firewall  8  and the router  15  are suitably configured. The technician  16  can therefore use one of the PCs  3   a  to  3   c  to access the service computer program stored in the server  7   a  and communicate with the computer  11  of the magnetic resonance device  10 .  
         [0028]    In the present exemplary embodiment, the technician  16  is responsible for performing remote maintenance on magnetic resonance devices which are sold by the industrial company, for which reason the inner router  5  and the firewall  8  have already been configured in such a way that the technician  16  can use one of the PCs  3   a  to  3   c  to access the service computer program stored in the server  7   a ; the firewall  8  is also already configured in such a way that the transmission and reception of data records assigned to the service computer program to and from the ISDN network  2  is made possible as, in the present exemplary embodiment, the technician  16  already performs remote maintenance on other magnetic resonance devices using one of the PCs  3   a  to  3   c , said magnetic resonance devices not being illustrated in FIG. 1 and being comparable to the magnetic resonance device  10 . Only the outer router  6  therefore then needs to be configured in such a way that remote maintenance of the magnetic resonance device  10  is made possible. The router  15  has moreover already been suitably configured by an employee (not illustrated in FIG. 1) of the hospital  12 .  
         [0029]    For this reason, in the present exemplary embodiment the technician  16  uses one of the PCs  3   a  to  3   c , in the present exemplary embodiment PC  3   a , to call an application form  20  which is stored in one of the servers  7   a  to  7   c , shown in FIG. 2, and appears on a monitor of the PC  3   a  after the technician  16  has verified his access authorization by inputting a password assigned to him. The application form  20  illustrated in FIG. 2 is provided for configuring the outer router  6  in such a way that the computer which is connected to the ISDN network  2  can communicate with the server  7   a  by means of the service computer program. Since the application form  20  is already assigned to the service computer program, information which the server  7   a  to  7   c  is intended to access is unnecessary. The application form  20  comprises essentially only information relating to the desired target computer. The application form  20  therefore does not permit any information which permits access to a server other than the server  7   a  of the DMZ  4  or some other service computer program stored on the server  7   a . The application form  20  has also been produced on the basis of a technical risk analysis which has been carried out once and is already represented as having been filled out.  
         [0030]    After the technician  16  has loaded the application form  20  on the PC  3   a , he fills it out (step A of the flowchart represented in FIG. 3):  
         [0031]    In the present exemplary embodiment, the technician is requested, by means of the application form  20 , to specify the ISDN number of that computer with which it wishes to communicate and to specify the respective ISDN network. The technician  16  must also give details on the type of network (ISDN protocol type), that is to say whether it is, for example, the European ISDN network. In addition, details are required on a CHAP (Challenge Authentication Protocol), user name, a CHAP password, the IP address of the target router, the target router net mask, the target network and the target network mask.  
         [0032]    In the present exemplary embodiment, the technician  16  would like to communicate with the computer  11  of the magnetic resonance device  10 , for which reason he fills out the application form  20  in an appropriate way with the ISDN number of the computer  11 . In addition, the computer  11  is connected by means of the router  15  to the hospital network  14  so that the technician  16  specifies the IP address of the router  15  and code assigned to the hospital network  14 .  
         [0033]    After the technician  16  has filled out the application form  20 , he transmits the filled-out application form to the server  7   a . The server  7   a  comprises, in the present exemplary embodiment, a hard disk  7   a ′ in which a suitable computer program is stored and, after the server  7   a  has received the filled-out application form  20 , said computer program automatically translates the information of the filled-out application form  20  into a code which can be read by the outer router  6  (step B in the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 3). This code is as follows in the present exemplary embodiment, only relevant commands being specified:  
         [0034]    ... .  
         [0035]    ...... .  
         [0036]    dialer map ip 194.138.39.9 name rd_erlangen1 00080007774968  
         [0037]    isdn switch-type basic-net3  
         [0038]    ppp authentication chap  
         [0039]    username rd_erlangen1 password 148″§Qas  
         [0040]    ip route 194.138.39.0 255.255.255.0 194.138.39.9  
         [0041]    ip route 194.138.39.9 255.255.255.255 BRI0  
         [0042]    ... . .  
         [0043]    . .  
         [0044]    Then, in the present exemplary embodiment, the computer program automatically configures the outer router  6  on the basis of the code just mentioned so that the technician  16  can perform maintenance on the magnetic resonance device  10  with one of the PCs  3   a  to  3   c  (step C of the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 3).  
         [0045]    After the configuration of the outer router  6 , in the present exemplary embodiment the computer program automatically generates an e-mail in order to inform an administrator  17  who is responsible for the Intranet  1  of the configuration of the outer router  6  (step D of the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 3).  
         [0046]    In addition to configuring the outer router  6  by means of the application form  20 , further application forms which can be used to configure automatically the inner router  5  or the firewall  8  are stored in the server  7   a  or the server  7   b  or  7   c.    
         [0047]    However, automatic configuration of the outer router  6  after the automatic translation of the filled-out application form  20  into the code is optional for the method according to the invention. Informing the administrator  17  of the configuration of the outer router  6  is also optional.  
         [0048]    The computer networks illustrated in FIG. 1 are also only of an exemplary nature.