Abstract:
A system and method is provided for simultaneous communications on Modbus and DNP 3.0 over Ethernet for an electronic power meter. The system incorporates one or more protocol wrappers to provide compatibility with both Modbus and DNP based applications. The system removes the appropriate wrappers and routes the incoming data packet to its destination. Additionally, the system also wraps outgoing response packets with the appropriate protocol wrapper based on the related data packet wrappers.

Description:
[0001]    The present application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/605,682 filed on Oct. 26, 2009, which is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/087,438 filed on Mar. 23, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,609,719, which a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/969,592 filed on Oct. 20, 2004 by Kagan et al., now U.S. Pat. No. 7,616,656, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICES VIA AN OPEN CHANNEL”, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. In addition, the present application claims priority to a U.S. provisional patent application filed on Oct. 12, 2004 and assigned Application Ser. No. 60/617,689, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Disclosure 
         [0003]    The present disclosure relates generally to monitoring and control of metering systems. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for simultaneous communications on Modbus and DNP 3.0 over Ethernet for an electronic power meter. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    The metering architecture that exists in the power utility field today is geared toward providing enough information to accurately monitor and control a variety of metering devices installed at numerous substations. To achieve these objectives, it is essential that communication between a central utility station and substations be time- and cost-efficient, quick updating, as well as reliable. 
         [0006]    Historically, meters measuring electrical energy have used measurement devices, which mechanically monitor the subscriber&#39;s usage and display a reading of the usage at the meter itself. Consequently, the reading of these meters has required that human meter readers physically go to the site of the meter and manually document the readings. Clearly, this approach relies very heavily on human intervention and, thus, is very costly, time-consuming, and prone to human error. As the number of meters in a typical utility&#39;s service region has increased, in some cases into the millions, human meter reading has become prohibitive in terms of time and money. 
         [0007]    Over time, these conventional meters were made using microprocessor technologies, which enabled them to be read using a serial protocol and interface. This enabled the meters to be used in series to obtain readings back at a remote terminal unit (RTU) for remote SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) interrogation. For example,  FIG. 1  is a schematic view of a conventional system for monitoring and controlling a plurality of substations. That is, referring to  FIG. 1 , meters  1 ,  2 , and  3  can communicate serially through each other. However, in order for a SCADA master  5  to receive information from meter  3 , the information must be passed from meter  3  to meter  2 , from meter  2  to meter  1 , from meter  1  to an RTU  4 , and from the RTU  4  to the SCADA master  5 . 
         [0008]    Realization of such communication may be accomplished by a standard open protocol known as DNP 3.0. This protocol is configured to provide the power utility with a serial language to speak to the substations and to allow the utility to use outage detection software, generically labeled in the industry as SCADA. In other words, communication between each of the meters and, for example, a central station is realized through a respective serial port and is thus limited to a respective pair coupled to one another via a dedicated channel. DNP 3.0 is optimized for a round-robin type disturbance awareness response. 
         [0009]    Furthermore, utility companies communicate to metering and data telemetry devices in substations using different serial based protocols. Different departments within a given utility company have standardized on different protocols which are optimized for the applications they have. For instance, while SCADA systems operate at peak performance using the DNP 3.0 protocol, this protocol is inefficient and difficult to manage when applied to metering departments, system planning, and estimation and power plant DCS systems. As products became more sophisticated, these differing departments wanted to obtain data from one instrument that gave them all the needed disturbance and recorded data. To date, these various departments have had to install separate equipment in substations, separate serial channels, and a variety of protocols to access the data of the monitoring instrument. This is often a costly endeavor, thus a need exists for a system for simultaneously communicating in a plurality of protocols between a monitoring instrument and the various departments in a central utility station. Furthermore, there has been a desire in the industry to eliminate serial protocols and channels and have the various data transmitted over LANs (local area networks) using dedicated T1 or frame relay networks. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0010]    The above and other aspects are attained by a metering apparatus and system for monitoring and controlling a plurality of metering devices in the field of energy use/control. 
         [0011]    In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, a system is provided for simultaneous communications between a host device and a plurality of applications using multiple industry standard communications protocols. The system includes a means for receiving a data packet over an Ethernet connection via an Ethernet card. The data packet is transmitted using a first protocol. This transmission is accomplished by enclosing the data packet with an Ethernet protocol wrapper. A means for removing the Ethernet protocol wrapper is also included, along with a means for determining a secondary protocol used by the data packet. Additionally, the disclosed system has a means for routing the data packet according to predetermined paths selected based on the secondary protocol and a means for providing a response packet using the secondary protocol of the data packet. Further, the system utilizes a means for appending an Ethernet protocol wrapper to the response packet and a means for transmitting the response packet over the Ethernet connection. 
         [0012]    In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a method for providing simultaneous communications between a host device and a plurality of applications using multiple industry standard communications protocols is provided. The method begins with receiving a data packet over an Ethernet connection via an Ethernet card, the data packet having an Ethernet protocol wrapper. The Ethernet protocol wrapper is removed. A secondary protocol, used by the data packet, is determined. The data packet is then routed according to predetermined paths selected based on the secondary protocol. Upon completing its predetermined path, a response packet using the secondary protocol of the data packet is provided. An Ethernet protocol wrapper is appended to the response packet, and the response packet is finally transmitted over the Ethernet connection. 
         [0013]    In accordance with yet another aspect of the disclosure, a metering device is configured with an IED COM processor, operative to perform multiple tasks, and an IED Network Adapter or card built in the metering device and coupled to the processor. The card is configured to format and send data from the processor using DNP 3.0 protocol via an open socket into Ethernet TCP/IP. 
         [0014]    According to a further aspect of the disclosure, a plurality of substations, each of which is provided with at least one metering device of the disclosure, are coupled together in a system capable of transmitting the data from each substation to either the RTU and further to the SCADA master or directly to the latter without using a dedicated serial cable or channel. 
         [0015]    Still a further aspect of the disclosure is concerned with a system configured to provide communication between a local area network including a plurality of the metering devices of the disclosure and the Internet. 
         [0016]    In another aspect, an electric power meter providing real time revenue calculations as well as power quality metering is provided. The power meter actively updates a number of users over the Internet in real time. A user can be utility personnel or customers. The power meter is also capable of communicating through several ports using several different communication protocols simultaneously. The interfaces, including web pages, are user definable and configurable. The meter is installable as a socket type meter, a panel mounted meter, a switchboard mounted meter, or a circuit breaker meter. 
         [0017]    In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a web server provides real time data through an Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) or Extensible Markup Language (XML) interface. Additionally, the web server allows viewing of stored historical and power quality data and provides users with an interface for retrieval of historical data via industry standard protocols including Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP). 
         [0018]    In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the web server operates as a Modbus Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Gateway for the power meter and existing serial based devices that connect through a network serial port to allow data be monitored or transferred via a network infrastructure. 
         [0019]    In a further embodiment of the present disclosure, a socket-type electric power meter provides concurrent operation of a web server, Modbus TCP and additional protocols which are supported by the power meter, thus allowing the power meter to be easily incorporated into existing power control systems as well as providing access to real-time web information, such as the revenue calculations, metering data and power quality data, using a standard web browser. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0020]    These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings wherein: 
           [0021]      FIG. 1  is a schematic view of a conventional system for monitoring and controlling a plurality of substations; 
           [0022]      FIG. 2  is a schematic view of a metering device configured in accordance with the disclosure; 
           [0023]      FIG. 3  is a schematic view of a system for monitoring and controlling a plurality of substations each provided with at least one metering device of  FIG. 2 ; 
           [0024]      FIG. 4  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of using DNP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0025]      FIG. 5  is a flow diagram illustrating a method of using an Ethernet wrapper with multiple utility industry protocols according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0026]      FIG. 6  is a block diagram of a power quality and revenue meter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and 
           [0027]      FIG. 7  is a functional block diagram of the processor functions of a power quality and revenue meter system shown in  FIG. 6  according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0028]    Referring to  FIGS. 2 and 3 , a metering device  10  is configured as an intelligent electronic metering device (IEMD). Functions of the IEMD  10  may include voltage transformation, regulation and control, power-factor (e.g., capacitor-bank) and load balancing, monitoring, protection of hardware, etc. 
         [0029]    The IEMD  10  includes an IED COM processor  12  ( FIG. 2 ) and a built-in IED Network Card  14  coupled to the processor  12  and operative to receive and transmit data between the IEMD  10  and a remote unit through an open socket  100  within an Ethernet TCP/IP medium  16  ( FIGS. 2 and 3 ). Unlike a conventional IEMD communicating with a remote terminal unit (RTU) or SCADA master via a dedicated channel, the card  14  adapts a serial message from or to the processor  12  using the DNP 3.0 so as to receive and transmit the message via the Ethernet medium  16 . 
         [0030]    As illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the card  14  strips a message from the open socket  100  channel within the Ethernet and sends it through a serial message or command to processor  12  in accordance with the prescribed DNP 3.0 protocol. In return, the processor  12  generates a serial response, including for example, a measurement requested by the SCADA, and adapted by the card  14  for sending this response via the Ethernet medium. 
         [0031]    More specifically, the card  14  recognizes DNP by identifying an Internet Protocol (TCP, UDP, etc.). After retrieving the DNP data, the card  14  sends this data to the processor  12  over a serial channel. For this serial communication, the card  14  and the processor  12  use a predetermined protocol for faster data transfer. The predetermined protocol is only used internally between the card  14  and the processor  12 . Accordingly, this protocol has its own headers and footers. 
         [0032]    In the protocol, the DNP response is transferred to the card  14  through the serial message. When the card  14  receives this message, the DNP response is prepared with TCP/IP Header for Ethernet medium. A flow diagram illustrating this procedure is illustrated in  FIG. 4 . 
         [0033]    Referring to  FIG. 4 , in Step  1  the card  14  recognizes the data by TCP/IP Header and Footer from the Network and strips the Header and Footer. In Step  2 , the card  14  builds another Header and Footer for serial communication and transmits DNP Request to the processor  12  of the unit. In step  3 , the processor  12  parses the DNP Request and a DNP response is generated. This DNP response is sent out to the card  14 . Thereafter, in Step  4 , the card  14  receives this DNP Response and builds TCP/IP Header and Footer. This DNP Response is sent out to the Network. 
         [0034]    Accordingly, utilizing the inventive IEMD device, which is provided with the card  14 , allows the generated data to be transmitted over the LAN to either the RTU  18  ( FIG. 3 ) or to the SCADA master  20  itself, not through a dedicated serial cable, but through the open socket  100  within the Ethernet TCP/IP medium. 
         [0035]    Accordingly, the inventive device  10  provides significantly higher speed outputs and eliminates the need for dedicated serial channels or dedicated wiring. Further, using the TCP/IP technology enables the metering devices to communicate, and also enables them to simultaneously communicate through more than one channel. As a result, readings can be brought back to the SCADA while other software packages can be used to interrogate the metering devices for other purposes, e.g., remote fault interrogation. 
         [0036]    In accordance with a further embodiment of the disclosure, the inventive device  10  enables the power Utility to transmit the data via the Internet. As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , each device  10 , defining a respective substation  30 , may be directly connected to the Internet medium  32  by a coupler including a cable modem or DSL  32  ( FIG. 3 ). Alternatively or in addition, multiple stations each including the inventive device  10  may be connected to the RTU  18  via the Ethernet medium  16  and to the SCADA master  20  via the Internet medium  32 . This provides faster, more reliable communication at a much lower cost since dedicated telephone lines, radio, or other similar infrastructure does not need to be in place. Additionally, the present disclosure provides much more connectivity between devices, enables simultaneous updates from the entire system, and provides increased efficiency as no serial daisy chains are used. 
         [0037]    As shown in  FIG. 5 , an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for interoperable communications between a power meter and a plurality of applications using several industry standard communications protocols. 
         [0038]    The method of the present embodiment begins with step  501  wherein a data packet is received by an Ethernet card  14  ( FIG. 2 ) installed in a power meter, e.g., IEMD  10 . The Ethernet card  14  strips the Ethernet protocol wrapper from the data packet in step  502 . Proceeding to step  503 , the packet is inspected to determine, which secondary communications protocol is being used, e.g., Modbus, DNP, etc. 
         [0039]    If the data packet is using the Modbus protocol, the method proceeds to step  504 , wherein the data packet is sent to the host device, in this case the power meter  10 . In the power meter  10 , the data packet is parsed and a response is prepared using the Modbus protocol, in step  505 . The response packet is forwarded to the Ethernet card  14 , an Ethernet wrapper is appended, and the wrapped response packet is transmitted over a connected Ethernet network  16  in step  506 . The method then loops back to step  501  to await receipt of the next data packet. 
         [0040]    Alternatively, if the data packet is determined to be using DNP (Distributed Network Protocol) in step  503 , the Ethernet card  14  strips the Ethernet wrapper and a Modbus wrapper is appended to the DNP data packet in step  507 . Subsequently, in step  508 , the Modbus wrapped data packet is transferred to the power meter. In step  509 , the Modbus wrapper is removed. The remaining DNP packet is parsed in step  510  and a response is prepared using DNP in step  511 . A Modbus wrapper is appended to the response packet, in step  512 , and the wrapped response packet is then relayed to the Ethernet card in step  513 . In step  514 , the Modbus wrapper is removed from the response packet. The method then proceeds to step  506  and continues as described above. 
         [0041]    The present embodiment allows interoperability with multiple software systems using different communication protocols simultaneously. Having the host device and Ethernet card communicate via a serial channel allows both DNP and Modbus packets to be transferred to the host without corruption or conflict. Arbitration and high-speed protocol switching, which could negatively affect performance, is not required. Using the methods and systems of the disclosure, connections to 12 systems using different protocols can be maintained simultaneously over an Ethernet connection. 
         [0042]      FIG. 6  is a block diagram of a web server power quality and revenue meter according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, such a web server power quality and revenue meter being described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,751,563, which was incorporated by reference in U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/617,689. Shown in  FIG. 6  are power quality and revenue meter (meter)  610 . The meter is connected to monitor electric distribution power lines (not shown), to monitor voltage and current at the point of connection. Included therein is digital sampler  612  for digitally sampling the voltage and current of the power being supplied to a customer or monitored at the point of the series connection in the power grid. Digital sampler  612  digitally samples the voltage and current. The digital samples are then forwarded to processor  614  for processing. Also connected to processor  614  is external device interface  616  for providing an interface for external devices  618  to connect to meter  610 . These external devices might include other power meters, sub-station control circuitry, on/off switches, etc. Processor  614  receives data packets from digital sampler  612  and external devices  618 , and processes the data packets according to user defined or predefined requirements. A memory  620  is connected to processor  614  for storing data packets and program algorithms, and to assist in processing functions of processor  614 . These processing functions include the power quality data and revenue calculations, as well as formatting data into different protocols which will be described later in detail. Processor  614  provides processed data to network  680  through network interface  622 . Network  680  can be the Internet, the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet, a wide area network (WAN), or local area network (LAN), among others. In one embodiment, the network interface converts the data to an Ethernet TCP/IP format. The use of the Ethernet TCP/IP format allows multiple users to access the power meter simultaneously. In a like fashion, network interface  622  might be comprised of a modem, cable connection, or other devices that provide formatting functions. Computers  690 - 692  are shown connected to network  680 . 
         [0043]    A web server program (web server) is contained in memory  620 , and accessed through network interface  622 . The web server provides real time data through any known web server interface format. For example, popular web server interface formats consist of HTML and XML formats. The actual format of the programming language used is not essential to the present invention, in that any web server format can be incorporated herein. The web server provides a user friendly interface for the user to interact with the meter  110 . The user can have various access levels to enter limits for e-mail alarms. Additionally, the user can be provided the data in a multiple of formats including raw data, bar graph, charts, etc. The currently used HTML or XML programming languages provide for easy programming and user friendly user interfaces. 
         [0044]    The operation of the device of  FIG. 6  will now be described. Digital sampler  612  samples the voltage and current at and flowing through the point of connection, or sampling point. The voltage and current readings, in the form of data packets, are forwarded to processor  614  where they undergo various power calculations. Processor  614  calculates, for example, instantaneous voltage and current, real power, reactive power, and apparent power. The processing algorithms can be preprogrammed into memory  620 , uploaded by an end user, or performed at the end-user&#39;s location. The calculations performed by processor  614  are not meant to be all inclusive, as the processor can be programmed to provide any number of preprogrammed or user defined calculations. In addition to performing the calculations, processor  614  sends the packet data to memory  620  to be stored for future access. As digital sampler  612  is sampling the voltage and current at the sampling point, external device  618  can be feeding parallel information to processor  614  through external device interface  616 . This external device packet data would be processed and stored in a similar manner as the digital sampler packet data. Processor  614  then formats the processed data into various network protocols and formats. The protocols and formats can, for example, consist of the web server HTML or XML formats, Modbus TCP, RS-485, FTP or e-mail. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) can also be used to assign IP addresses. The network formatted data is now available to users at computers  690 - 692  through network  680 , that connects to meter  610  at the network interface  622 . 
         [0045]    In one embodiment of the present invention, network interface  622  is an Ethernet interface that supports, for example, 100 base-T or 10 base-T communications. This type of network interface can send and receive data packets between WAN connections and/or LAN connections and the meter  610 . This type of network interface allows for situations, for example, where the web server may be accessed by one user while another user is communicating via the Modbus TCP, and a third user may be downloading a stored data file via FTP. The ability to provide access to the meter by multiple users, simultaneously, is a great advantage over the prior art. This can allow for a utility company&#39;s customer service personnel, a customer and maintenance personnel to simultaneously and interactively monitor and diagnose possible problems with the power service. 
         [0046]      FIG. 7  is a functional block diagram of processor  630  of the web server power quality and revenue meter system according to the embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 7  illustrates the functional processing structure of processor  630 . Processor  630  is shown containing four main processing functions. Processing  630  can be realized in various memory configurations, and are not limited to any one configuration. The functions shown are illustrative and not meant to be inclusive of all possible functions performed by processor  614 . Power Quality and Revenue Metering functions (metering functions)  632  consists of a complete set of functions which are needed for power quality and revenue metering. Packet data collected by digital sampler  612  is transmitted to processor  614 . Processor  614  calculates, for example, power reactive power, apparent power, and power factor. The metering function  632  responds to commands via the network or other interfaces supported by the meter. External Device Routing Functions  634  handle the interfacing between the external device  618  and meter  610 . Raw data from external device  618  is fed into meter  610 . The external device  618  is assigned a particular address. If more than one external device is connected to meter  610 , each device will be assigned a unique particular address. 
         [0047]    Referring again to  FIG. 6 , network interface  622  can support, for example, either 100 base-T or 10 base-T communications, and receives and sends data packet between a wide area network (WAN) connection and/or local area network (LAN) connection and the meter. The Network Protocol Functions of meter  610  are executed by processor  614  which executes multiple networking tasks that are running concurrently. As shown in  FIG. 7 , these include, but are not limited to, the following network tasks included in network protocol functions  638 : e-mail  640 , web server  642 , Modbus TCP  644 , FTP  646 , and DHCP  648 . The e-mail  640  network protocol function can be utilized to send e-mail messages via the network  680  to a user to, for example, notify the user of an emergency situation or if the power consumption reaches a user-set or pre-set high level threshold. 
         [0048]    As the processor receives packets of data it identifies the network processing necessary for the packet by the port number associated with the packet. The processor allocates the packet to a task as a function of the port number. Since each task is running independently the meter  610  can accept different types of requests concurrently and process them transparently from each other. For example, the web server may be accessed by one user while another user is communicating via Modbus TCP and at the same time a third user may download a log file via FTP. 
         [0049]    The Network to Meter Protocol Conversion Function  636  is used to format and protocol convert the different network protocol messages to a common format understood by the other functional sections of meter  610 . After the basic network processing of the packet of data, any “commands” or data which are to be passed to other functional sections of meter  610  are formatted and protocol converted to a common format for processing by the Network to Meter Protocol Conversion Function  636 . Similarly, commands or data coming from the meter for transfer over the network are pre-processed by this function into the proper format before being sent to the appropriate network task for transmission over the network. In addition this function first protocol converts and then routes data and commands between the meter and external devices. 
         [0050]    The described embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive, and are not intended to represent every embodiment of the present disclosure. Various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure as set forth in the following claims both literally and in equivalents recognized in law.