Abstract:
A speech to touch translator assembly and method for converting spoken words directed to an operator into tactile sensations caused by combinations of pressure point exertions on the body of the operator, each combination of pressure points exerted signifying a phoneme of one of the spoken words, permitting comprehension of spoken words by persons that are deaf and blind.

Description:
STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST 
   The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by and for the Government of the United States of America for Governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor. 

   CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER PATENT APPLICATIONS 
   Not applicable. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   (1) Field of the Invention 
   The invention relates to an assembly and method for assisting a person who is both hearing and sight impaired to understand a spoken word, and is directed more particularly to an assembly including a set of fingers in contact with the person&#39;s body and activatable in a coded manner, in response to speech sounds, to exert combinations of pressure points on the person&#39;s body. 
   (2) Description of the Prior Art 
   Various devices and methods are known for enabling hearing-handicapped individuals to receive speech. Sound amplifying devices, such as hearing aids are capable of affording a satisfactory degree of hearing to some with a hearing impairment. For the deaf, or those with severe hearing impairments, no means is available that enables them to receive conveniently and accurately speech with the speaker absent from view. With the speaker in view, a deaf person can speech read, i.e., lip read, what is being said, but often without a high degree of accuracy. The speaker&#39;s lips must remain in full view to avoid loss of meaning. Improved accuracy can be provided by having the speaker “cue” his speech using hand forms and hand positions to convey the phonetic sounds in the message. The hand forms and hand positions convey approximately 40% of the message and the lips convey the remaining 60%. However, the speaker&#39;s face must still be in view. 
   The speaker may also convert the message into a form of sign language understood by the deaf person. This can present the message with the intended meaning, but not with the choice of words or expression of the speaker. The message can also be presented by fingerspelling, i.e., “signing” the message letter-by-letter, or the message can simply be written out and presented. 
   Such methods of presenting speech require the visual attention of the hearing-handicapped person. 
   It is apparent that if the deaf person is also blind, the aforementioned devices and methods are not helpful. People with both hearing and sight losses have a much more difficult problem to overcome in trying to acquire information and communicate with the world. Before they can respond to any communication directed at them, they must be able to understand what is being said in real time, or close to real time, and preferably without the use of elaborate and cumbersome computer aided methods more suitable for a fixed location than a relatively more mobile life style. 
   There is thus a need for a device which can convert, or translate, spoken words to signals which can be felt, that is, received tactually, by a deaf and blind person to whom the spoken words are directed. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Accordingly, an object of the invention is to provide a speech to touch translator assembly and method for converting a spoken message into tactile sensations upon the body of the receiving person, such that the receiving person can identify certain tactile sensations with corresponding words. 
   With the above and other objects in view, a feature of the invention is the provision of a speech to touch translator assembly comprising an acoustic sensor for detecting word sounds and transmitting the word sounds, a sound amplifier for receiving the word sounds from the acoustic sensor and raising the sound signal level thereof, and transmitting the raised sound signal, a speech sound analyzer for receiving the raised sound signal from the sound amplifier and determining at least some of (a) frequency thereof, (b) relative loudness variations thereof, (c) suprasegmental information therein,(d) intonational information therein, (e) contour information therein, and (f) time sequence thereof, converting (a)-(e) to data in digital format, and transmitting the data in the digital format. A phoneme sound correlator receives the data in digital format and compares the data with a phonetical alphabet. A phoneme library is in communication with the phoneme sound correlator and contains all phoneme sounds of the selected phonetic alphabet. The translator assembly further comprises a match detector in communication with the phoneme sound correlator and the phoneme library and operative to sense a predetermined level of correlation between an incoming phoneme and a phoneme resident in the phoneme library, and a phoneme buffer for (a) receiving phonetic phonemes from the phoneme library in time sequence, and for (b) receiving from the speech sounds analyzer data indicative of the relative loudness variations, suprasegmental information, intonational information, and time sequences thereof, and for (c) arranging the phonetic phonemes from the phoneme library and attaching thereto appropriate information as to relative loudness, supra-segmental and intonational information, for use in a format to actuate combinations of pressure fingers, each combination being correlated with a phoneme. An array of actuators is provided, each for initiating movement of one of the pressure fingers, the actuators being operable in combination, each combination being representative of a particular phoneme, the pressure fingers being adapted to engage the body of an operator, such that the feel of a combination of pressure fingers is interpretable by the operator as a word sound. 
   In accordance with a further feature of the invention, there is provided a method for translating speech to tactile sensations on the body of an operator to whom the speech is directed. The method comprises the steps of sensing word sounds acoustically and transmitting the word sounds amplifying the transmitted word sounds and transmitting the amplified word sounds, analyzing the transmitted amplified word sounds and determining at least some of (a) frequency thereof, (b) relative loudness variations thereof, (c) suprasegmental information therein, (d) intonational information therein, (e) contour information therein, and (f) time sequences thereof, converting (a)-(f) to data in digital format, transmitting the data in digital format, comparing the transmitted data in digital format with a phoneticized alphabet in a phoneme library, determining a selected level of correlation between an incoming phoneme and a phoneme resident in the phoneme library, arraying the phonemes from the phoneme library in time sequence and attaching thereto the (a)-(e) determined from the analyzing of the amplified word sounds, and placing the arranged phonemes in formats to actuate selected combinations of pressure finger actuators, each of the combinations being correlated with one of the phonemes with (a)-(e) attached thereto, wherein the actuators cause the pressure fingers to engage the body of the operator in the selected combinations. 
   The above and other features of the invention, including various novel details of combinations of components and method steps, will now be more particularly described with reference to the accompanying drawings and pointed out in the claims. It will be understood that the particular assembly and method embodying the invention are shown by way of illustration only and not as limitations of the invention. The principles and features of this invention may be employed in various and numerous embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which is shown an illustrative embodiment of the invention, from which its novel features and advantages will be apparent, and wherein: 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrative of one form of the assembly and method illustrative of an embodiment of the invention; and 
       FIG. 2  is a chart showing an illustrative arrangement of pressure finger actuators and the spoken sounds, or phonemes, represented by various combinations of pressure fingers. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   Only 40+ speech sounds represented by a phonetic alphabet, such as the Initial Teaching Alphabet (English), shown in  FIG. 2 , or the more extensive International Phonetics Alphabet (not shown), usable for many languages, need to be considered in dynamic translation of speech sounds, or phonemes  10  to touch code  12 . In practice, the user “listens” to a speaker or some other audio source by feeling the combinations of the coded, phoneticized words as a set of changing pressure imprints on pre-selected spots on the listener&#39;s body, for example on the fingers and palm of a hand. With training, the meaning of the touch coded phoneticized words are apparent to someone who understands the particular language being spoken. 
   The phonemes  10  comprising the words in a sentence are sensed via electro-acoustic means  14  and amplified to a level sufficient to permit their analysis and breakdown of the word sounds into amplitude and frequency characteristics in a time sequence. The sound characteristics are put into a digital format and correlated with the contents of a phonetic phoneme library  16  that contains the phoneme set for the particular language being used. A correlator  18  compares the incoming digitized phoneme with the contents of the library  16  to determine which of the phonemes in the library, if any, match the incoming word sound of interest. When a match is detected, the phoneme of interest is copied from the library and sent to a phoneme to sound code converter, where the digitized form of the phoneme is coded into a six bit code  20  that actuates the appropriate pressure fingers in contact with the user&#39;s body. The contact can be made by the user holding a hand grip shaped actuator device in his hand, such that the six pressure fingers are in contact with one of each fingers and the palm. If the user is unable to hold the grip because of some physical disability, the pressure fingers can be attached to some other location on the body in a manner which permits the user to tell what pressure fingers are providing the pressure and thus what phoneme is represented by the code. 
   The speech sounds  10  are coded into combinations of pressure fingers actuations—one combination for each phoneme—in a series of combinations representing the phoneticized word(s) being spoken. A six digit binary code, for example, is sufficient to permit the coding of all English phonemes, with spare code capacity for about 20 more. An additional digit can be added if the language being phonetized contains more phonemes than can be accommodated with six digits. 
   The practice or training required to use the device is similar to learning a language of some forty odd words coded for in the actuation combinations of the pressure fingers. By using the device in a simulation mode, a user is able to “listen” to spoken words including his own, a recording, or from some other source, and feel the phoneticized words as combinations of pressure points on the different fingers and palm, for example, if a hand grip is used. As stated above, if a hand grip is not suitable, due to a user&#39;s physical handicap, the pressure fingers can be appropriately attached to parts of the body having a sense of touch. 
   Referring to  FIG. 1 , the directional acoustic sensor  14  detects the word sounds produced by a speaker or other source. The directional acoustic sensor preferably is a sensitive, high fidelity microphone suitable for use with the frequency range of interest. 
   A high fidelity sound amplifier  22  raises a sound signal level to one that is usable by a speech sound analyzer  24 . The high fidelity acoustic amplifier  22  is suitable for use with the frequency range of interest and with sufficient capacity to provide the driving power required by the speech sound analyzer  24 . 
   The analyzer  24  determines the frequencies, relative loudness variations and their time sequence for each word sound sensed. The speech sound analyzer  24  is further capable of determining the suprasegmental and intonational characteristics of the word sound, as well as contour characteristics of the sound. At least some of such information, with its&#39; time sequence, is converted to a digital format for later use by the phoneme sound correlator  18  and a phoneme buffer  26 . The determinations of the analyzer  24  are presented in a digital format to a phoneme sound correlator  18 . 
   The correlator  18  uses the digitized data contained in the phoneme of interest to query the phonetic phoneme library  16 , where the appropriate phoneticized alphabet is stored in a digital format. Successive library phoneme characteristics are compared to the incoming phoneme of interest in the correlator  18 . A predetermined correlation factor is used as a basis for determining “matched” or “not matched” conditions. A “not matched” condition results in no input to the phoneme buffer  26  and no subsequent activation of the pressure fingers  30 . Similarly, word spacing intervals do not activate the pressure fingers  30 , telling the user that a word is completed and the next phoneme starts a new word. The correlator  18  queries the phonetic alphabet phoneme library  16  to find a digital match for the word sound characteristics in the correlator. 
   The library  16  contains all the phoneme sounds of a phoneticized alphabet characterized by their relative amplitude and frequency content in a time sequence. When the match detector  28  signals a match, the appropriate digitized phonetic phoneme is copied from the phoneme buffer  28 , where it is stored and coded properly to activate the appropriate pressure fingers to be interpreted by the user as a particular phoneme. 
   When a match is detected by a match detector  28 , the phoneme of interest is copied from the library  16  and stored in the phoneme buffer  26 , where it is coded for actuation of the appropriate pressure fingers  30 . The match detector  28  is a correlation detection device capable of sensing a predetermined level of correlation between an incoming phoneme and one resident in the phoneme library  16 . At this time, it signals the library  16  to enter a copy of the appropriate phoneme into the phoneme buffer  26 . 
   The phoneme buffer  26  is a digital buffer capable of assembling and arranging the phonemes from the library  16  in their proper time sequence in digitized form coded in a suitable format to actuate the proper pressure finger combination for the user to interpret as a particular phoneme. 
   The pressure fingers  30  are miniature electro-mechanical devices mounted in a hand grip (not shown) or arranged in some other suitable manner that permits the user to “read” and understand the code  20  ( FIG. 2 ) transmitted by the pressure finger combinations  12  actuated by the particular word sound. The number of actuators and pressure fingers required suits the phoneme set of the particular language being used, with six being suitable for the English language. Seven actuators are more than sufficient for most languages. See  FIG. 2  for an example of a binary coding scheme. 
   There is thus provided a speech to touch translator assembly and method which enables a person with both hearing and sight handicaps to understand the spoken word. 
   It will be understood that many additional changes in the details, method steps and arrangement of components, which have been herein described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art within the principles and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.