Abstract:
A circuit interrupting safety device (CISD) interrupts the flow of current through a pair of lines extending between a source of power and a load. The CISD includes a column reset assembly functioning as a circuit breaker and latching device, a relay circuit including a solenoid, and a fault detecting circuit packaged in a circuit assembly.

Description:
1. FIELD OF USE 
     The present application is directed to resettable circuit interrupting safety devices (CISD) including without limitation ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI&#39;s), arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCI&#39;s), immersion detection circuit interrupters (IDCI&#39;s), appliance leakage circuit interrupters (AFCI&#39;s), equipment leakage circuit interrupters (ELCI&#39;s), circuit breakers, contactors, latching relays and solenoid mechanisms. More particularly, the present application is directed to circuit interrupting devices that include a circuit interrupting portion that can break electrically conductive paths between a line side and a load side of the device and between a line side and a user load. Certain embodiments of the present application are directed to circuit interrupting devices including a reset lockout portion capable of preventing the device from resetting if the circuit interrupting portion is not functioning, if an open neutral condition exists or if the device is mis-wired. Certain embodiments of the present application are directed to methods of manufacturing circuit interrupting devices to be initially in a tripped condition. 
     2. DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART 
     Background 
     A CISD such as a Leakage Current Detector Interrupter (LCDI) may be a type of circuit interrupting device that detects a short circuit between conducting materials (e.g., wires, shield) of a power cord. 
     Many electrical wiring devices have a line side, which is connectable to an electrical power supply, and a load side, which is connectable to one or more loads and at least one conductive path between the line and load sides. Electrical connections to wires supplying electrical power or wires conducting electricity to the one or more loads are at line side and load side connections. The electrical wiring device industry has witnessed an increasing call for circuit breaking devices or systems which are designed to interrupt power to various loads, such as household appliances, consumer electrical products and branch circuits. In particular, electrical codes require electrical circuits in home bathrooms and kitchens to be equipped with ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI), for example. Available GFCI devices, such as the device described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,595,894, use an electrically activated trip mechanism to mechanically break an electrical connection between the line side and the load side. Such devices are resettable after they are tripped by, for example, the detection of a ground fault. In the device discussed in the &#39;894 patent, the trip mechanism used to cause the mechanical breaking of the circuit (i.e., the conductive path between the line and load sides) includes a solenoid (or trip coil). A test button is used to test the trip mechanism and circuitry used to sense faults, and a reset button is used to reset the electrical connection between line and load sides. 
     For example, a typical LCDI device comprises a housing having a three prong plug and a power cord. The power cord emanates from the housing and typically is directly connected to an electrical household device (e.g., air conditioner unit, refrigerator, and computer). The plug is used for a standard connection to an AC (Alternating Current) outlet that provides power. Thus, when the plug is connected to an electric power source (e.g., AC outlet) electrical power is provided to the device via the LCDI and the power cord connected thereto. The power cord typically comprises a hot or phase wire, a neutral wire and a ground wire each of which is insulated. All three wires are enclosed or are wrapped by a shield which is made of electrically conducting material that is typically not insulated. The shield and the wires are all enclosed in an insulating material (e.g., rubber or similar type material) thus forming the power cord. Circuitry residing within the housing detects electrical faults resulting from electrical shorts that occur between any of the wires and the shield. When an electrical fault is detected the circuitry trips the LCDI causing the LCDI to disconnect power from the power cord and the device eliminating a hazardous condition. In particular, a circuit interrupting device such as an LCDI device is designed to prevent fires by interrupting the power to the cord, if current is detected flowing from the phase, neutral or ground wires (in the cord) to the shield within the cord. This flow of current may be caused by degradation of the insulation around the wires due to arcing, fire, overheating, or physical or chemical abuse. The current flowing between any of the wires and the shield is referred to as leakage current. 
     The LCDI circuitry residing within the housing typically comprises, amongst other circuits, a fault detecting circuitry and a mechanism which trips the LCDI when an electrical fault is detected. The detection portion detects the existence of an electrical fault (e.g., arcing, electrical short across between damaged wires of the power cord) based on a first threshold voltage. An electrical fault is any set of circumstances that results in current flow between either the phase, neutral or ground wires of an electrical cord and the conductive shield of that cord. Once an electrical fault is detected, the tripping mechanism causes the LCDI to be disconnected from the power supply based on a second threshold voltage. 
     Yet, the prior art devices are generally bulk and often times difficult to manufacture due to the number and arrangement of parts. Therefore, there exists a need for an improved circuit interrupting safety device (CISD). 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     The foregoing and other problems are overcome, and other advantages are realized, in accordance with the presently preferred embodiments of these teachings 
     The CISD constructed according to this invention further includes: a circuit breaker having a columnar reset switch located in the CSID, said switch having a first position in which the source of power in its associated line is not connected to the load and a second position in which the source of power in its associated line is connected to the load. The switch being in a normally open configuration and prior to use the CISD having to be manually reset to connect the power to the load. 
     The CISD circuit arrangement further includes movable contact arms that are mechanically biased to keep the contacts in a normally open position. The contact arms may take the form of a contact-carrying bar mounted in a cantilever fashion by flexible supporting legs that provide the bias to a normally open position. An elongated actuating member is arranged to reciprocate adjacent the contact-carrying bar when manually energized through an appropriate push button. When pushed, the actuating member pushes the moveable contact arm ends to engage stationary contact arms thereby connecting the source of power to the load. 
     The invention is also directed towards circuit interrupting safety device (CISD). The CISD includes a reset column assembly; a contact actuator; a solenoid having a solenoid pin. The reset column assembly is adapted to reset the solenoid when depressed and latch the contact actuator when released. The solenoid pin operates to de-latch the contact actuator when the solenoid is actuated. The reset column also includes a cap visible through a boot to enable status determination of the CISD. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  is an isometric side view of the assembled CISD employing features of the subject invention shown in  FIGS. 2-9 ; 
         FIG. 2  is an isometric side view of the CISD employing the feature of combining the test contact arm with the solder braid terminal; 
         FIG. 3  is an internal isometric side partial view of the CISD employing features of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3A  is an internal isometric side partial view of the CISD reset column switch and solenoid employing features of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is an internal isometric side partial view of the CISD reset column switch and solenoid employing features of the present invention shown in  FIG. 3A ; 
         FIG. 5  is exploded side view of the CISD reset column switch and solenoid employing features of the present invention shown in  FIG. 3A ; 
         FIG. 6  is an internal isometric exploded partial view of the CISD reset column switch and solenoid employing features of the present invention shown in  FIG. 3A ; 
         FIG. 7  is an isometric view of the contact actuator employing features of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  is an internal isometric exploded partial view of the ground pin employing features of the present invention shown in  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 9  is an exploded pictorial illustration of the columnar reset switch shown in  FIG. 3 ; and 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a fireguard circuit constructed according to the teachings of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following brief definition of terms shall apply throughout the application: 
     The term “outer” or “outside” refers to a direction away from a user, while the term “inner” or “inside” refers to a direction towards a user; 
     The term “comprising” means including but not limited to, and should be interpreted in the manner it is typically used in the patent context; 
     The phrases “in one embodiment,” “according to one embodiment,” and the like generally mean that the particular feature, structure, or characteristic following the phrase may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention, and may be included in more than one embodiment of the present invention (importantly, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment); 
     If the specification describes something as “exemplary” or an “example,” it should be understood that refers to a non-exclusive example; and 
     If the specification states a component or feature “may,” “can,” “could,” “should,” “preferably,” “possibly,” “typically,” “optionally,” “for example,” or “might” (or other such language) be included or have a characteristic, that particular component or feature is not required to be included or to have the characteristic. 
     Referring now to the drawings and more particularly to  FIG. 1 , there is shown a an isometric side view of the assembled CISD employing features of the subject invention constructed according to the teachings of the present invention, the CISD being represented generally by reference numeral  10 . 
     As will be discussed in detail herein, CISD  10 , is a manual reset type CISD circuit, and must be manually reset to connect power from the line to the load. Upon a sensed interrupt condition the power is interrupted between the line and load. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 1  CISD  10  includes housing  111 , boot housing  14 , boot  12 , contact blade  32 , and ground pin  36 . Boot housing  14  and housing  111  may be any suitable material such as high impact, Ultra Violet (UV) stabilized polyvinyl chloride (PVC). As will be described herein boot  12  may any suitable material such as rubber or plastic and suitably mated to boot housing  14  when boot  12 , boot housing  14  and housing  111  are assembled to provide a watertight seal. Furthermore, as will be described herein, boot  12  may be clear or translucent to permit viewing of the internal test and reset buttons. Furthermore, CSID  10  may be assembled to meet UL 943 and NEMA 3R rating requirements. In addition, housing  111  may include an area  112  adapted to facilitate leverage and/or grasping by hand. 
     Referring also to  FIG. 2  there is shown an isometric side view of the CISD employing the dual feature of incorporating the test contact arm  26  with the solder braid terminal  26 A for attaching wire braid connector  28 . It will be appreciated that incorporating the test contact arm (TCA)  26  function with the solder braid terminal  26 A reduces the required number of components (e.g., a separate test contact arm and a separate solder braid terminal is not required). 
     Also shown in  FIG. 2  is power cord  21 . Power cord  21  includes braid connector  28 , line wire  25 , line wire  27 , and ground wire  23 . Reset button  24 , when depressed operates to short test contact arm  26  to contact area  29  located on printed circuit board (PCB)  22 . PCB  22  contains the logic and resources necessary to implement the circuits shown in  FIGS. 10-13 . It will be appreciated that test contact arm is shaped to provide inherent spring element to return the TCA its original position (e.g., not shorted to contact area  29 ) when reset button  24  is released, thus obviating the need for another part (e.g., a spring). 
     Referring also to  FIG. 3  there is shown a partial internal isometric side view of the CISD employing features of the present invention. Shown in  FIG. 3  is left contact blade  32 , right contact blade  34 , ground pin  36 , solenoid  39 , reset spring  31 , contact actuator  3 A 1 , and reset column  33 . Also shown in  FIG. 3  is right moveable contact arm  38 A, left moveable contact arm  38 B, left contact rivet  38 C, left blade contact rivet  32 A, right blade contact rivet  34 A. It will be appreciated that a right contact rivet is not shown in this view for clarity. However, the operation of providing power to the right contact blade  34  will be identical to the operation of delivering power to the left contact blade  32  as described herein. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 3 , as will be described in more detail herein, when reset column  33  is depressed downwards, compressing spring  31 , solenoid  39  is reset to a spring loaded condition by contact actuator  3 A 1 . When the reset column  33  is released, compressed spring  31  returns to its original position and causing reset column  33  to engage contact actuator  3 A 1 , which in turn causes left contact rivet  38 C to come into contact with left blade contact rivet  32 A, thereby completing the circuit from power line  25  to left contact blade  32 . Referring also to  FIG. 3A  there is shown an internal isometric side partial view of the CISD reset column switch  33  and solenoid employing features of the present invention 
     Referring also to  FIG. 4  there is shown an internal isometric side partial view of the CISD reset column switch and solenoid employing features of the present invention shown in  FIG. 3A . As column reset switch is depressed downwards (in the direction of the arrow  41 ) engagement fin  33 A operates to reset solenoid pin  39 A (in the direction of arrow  42 ). It will be appreciated that reset solenoid pin  39 A is beveled  43  to an angle consistent with an angle of the engagement fin  33 A to permit a continuous and cooperative engagement between the reset solenoid pin  39 A and the engagement fin  33 A as the reset column  33  is depressed. 
     Still referring to  FIG. 4  and also to  FIG. 2  again, PCB  22  contains the logic and resources necessary to determine if a circuit interruption should occur. As will be described herein, if PCB  22  logic and resources determine a circuit interruption should occur solenoid  39  is momentarily activated to extend reset solenoid pin  39 A in a direction opposite to arrow  42 . Thus, disengaging the reset column  33  from holding the contact actuator  3 A 1  in a closed position as discussed herein. Spring  31 , having preloaded tension, operates to cause the contact actuator  3 A 1  to disengage the left contact rivet  38 C from the left blade contact rivet  32 A. Similarly for the right contact rivet and right blade contact rivet (not shown). 
     Referring also to  FIG. 5  there is shown an exploded side view of the CISD reset column switch and solenoid employing features of the present invention shown in  FIG. 3A . Referring also to  FIG. 6  there is shown an internal isometric exploded partial view of the CISD reset column switch and solenoid employing features of the present invention shown in  FIG. 3A .  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 6  shown the relative exploded positions of the reset column  33 , contact actuator  3 A 1 , reset solenoid pin  39 A and the engagement fin  33 A. 
     Referring also to  FIG. 7  there is shown isometric view of the contact actuator  3 A  1  discussed earlier. It will be appreciated that the engagement fin  33 A discussed earlier, may engage the beveled area  3 A 3  of the contact actuator as the reset column  33  is depressed. As the reset column  33  is returning to its original position the engagement fin  33 A lift ledge (see  FIG. 4-44 ) operates to lift or rotate the contact actuator  3 A 1  via the contact actuator  3 A 1  lift and holding groove  3 A 2  to a closed position. 
     Referring also to  FIG. 8  there shown an internal isometric exploded partial view of the ground pin employing features of the present invention shown in  FIG. 3 . It will be appreciated that the ground pin  36  includes solder terminal  36 A, thereby reducing the extra requirement for a separate solder terminal. 
     Referring also to  FIG. 9  is an exploded pictorial illustration of the columnar reset switch assembly shown in  FIG. 3 . The switch assembly includes reset column  33 , reset cap  33   b , boot  12 , and housing  14 . Boot  12  may be any suitable material such as a translucent or clear plastic, silicone, or rubber boot which permits visual identification of cap  33   b  or cap  33   b  appears as a different color when in the reset condition or when the CISD has been tripped or requires reset. It will be appreciated that this mechanical reset feature advantageously does not require an extra electrical circuit such as an electrical light emitting diode (LED) to indicate a reset condition. 
     Referring also to  FIG. 10  there is shown a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a fireguard circuit constructed according to the teachings of the present invention. Referring now to  FIG. 10 , there is shown a first embodiment of a fireguard circuit constructed according to the teachings of the present invention, the fireguard circuit being represented generally by reference numeral  1011 . Fireguard circuit  1011  is designed principally for use as a safety device for a power cable  21  (See  FIG. 2 ) which connects a power source (i.e., a line) to a load, said power cable  21  including a power line L and a neutral line N. Each of the power and neutral lines L and N is wrapped with a metal sheath or other similar type of shielded wrapping. The metal sheaths of the power and neutral lines L and N are, in turn, twisted together so as to effectively form a single metal sheath S which surrounds power line L and neutral line N. 
     As will be discussed in detail below, fireguard circuit  1011  interrupts the flow of current through power line L and neutral line N extending between the power source and the load when an arcing condition occurs either between power line L and metal sheath S or between neutral line N and metal sheath S. As can be appreciated, the presence of an arcing condition either between power line L and metal sheath S or between neutral line N and metal sheath S can result in a fire or other dangerous condition, which is highly undesirable. 
     Fireguard circuit  1011  (which is also referred to herein as safety circuit  1011 ) comprises a circuit breaker  13  which selectively opens and closes power line L and neutral line N. Circuit breaker  13  includes a first normally-closed switch K 1  which is located in power line L between the power source and the load. Circuit breaker  13  also includes a second normally-closed switch K 2  which is located in neutral line N between the power source and the load. See earlier discussion regarding contact actuator  3 A 1 . Switches K 1  and K 2  can be positioned in either of two connective positions. Specifically, switches K 1  and K 2  can be positioned in either a first, or closed, position or a second, or open, position. With switches K 1  and K 2  disposed in their closed position, which is the opposite position as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , current is able to flow from the power source to the load. With switches K 1  and K 2  disposed in their open position, which is illustrated in  FIG. 10 , current is unable to flow from the power source to the load. 
     A solenoid SOL is ganged to the circuit breaker contacts of switches K 1  and K 2  and is responsible for selectively controlling the connective position of switches K 1  and K 2 . Specifically, when solenoid SOL is de-energized, switches K 1  and K 2  remain in their closed positions. However, when solenoid SOL is energized, solenoid SOL moves contact actuator  3 A (See  FIG. 3 ) and switches K 1  and K 2  into their open positions. 
     A first silicon controlled rectifier SCR acts to detect the presence of an arcing condition between the power line L and the metal sheath S and to switch solenoid SOL from its de-energized state to its energized state upon detecting the presence of the arcing condition between the power line L and the metal sheath S. First silicon controlled rectifier SCR and includes an anode  21 , a cathode  23  and a gate  25 . 
     A voltage dropping resistor R 1  has a value of approximately 68.0 Kohm. Resistor R 1  is connected to metal sheath S and the SCR gate. Accordingly, the presence of an arcing condition between either power line L and metal sheath S or neutral line N and metal sheath S creates a current leakage which travels through resistor R 1 . As such, resistor R 1  serves to drop the current leakage voltage to an acceptable level before said current leakage voltage is passed onto rectifiers SCR. 
     A first capacitor C 1  serves to filter out high frequency noise from passing onto the gate connection of first rectifier SCR. First capacitor C 1  preferably has a value of approximately 1.0 uF. 
     Metal-oxide varistors MOV protects against voltage surges in power and neutral conducting lines L and H and SCR. 
     In use, fireguard switch  1011  functions in the following manner. In the absence of arcing conditions, switches K 1  and K 2  are disposed in their normally-closed positions, thereby enabling AC power to pass from the power source to the load through power and neutral lines L and N. 
     Upon the presence of an arcing condition between power line L and metal sheath S, leakage voltage travels from metal sheath S and passes through resistor R 1  (approximately 68 Kohms), resistor R 1  dropping the leakage voltage to an acceptable level. The reduced leakage voltage triggers gate of rectifier SCR because the signal at gate is opposite in potential with respect to the polarity of SCR cathode. The triggering of gate causes first rectifier SCR to conduct which, in turn, energizes solenoid SOL. Once energized, solenoid SOL opens switches K 1  and K 2  to an off position which, in turn, serves to remove power from circuit  1011 , thus eliminating the arcing condition. 
     Resistor R 2  (approximately 680 ohms) is connected in parallel with capacitor C 1  with one of its terminals connected to gate of first rectifier SCR and the other of its terminals connected to cathode of first rectifier SCR. 
     Test switch  215  is included in fireguard circuit  1011 , test switch  215  connecting power line L (at a location between sheath S and resistor R 1 ). 
     Fireguard circuit  1011  includes a diode bridge  1013 . In use, diode bridge  1013  in fireguard circuit  1011  acts to detect the presence of an arcing condition between neutral line N and metal sheath S 1  and to switch solenoid SOL from its de-energized state to its energized state upon detecting the presence of the arcing condition between neutral line N and metal sheath S 1 . 
     The section headings used herein are provided for consistency with the suggestions under 37 C.F.R. 1.77 or to otherwise provide organizational cues. These headings shall not limit or characterize the invention(s) set out in any claims that may issue from this disclosure. Specifically and by way of example, although the headings might refer to a “Field,” the claims should not be limited by the language chosen under this heading to describe the so-called field. Further, a description of a technology in the “Background” is not to be construed as an admission that certain technology is prior art to any invention(s) in this disclosure. Neither is the “Summary” to be considered as a limiting characterization of the invention(s) set forth in issued claims. Furthermore, any reference in this disclosure to “invention” in the singular should not be used to argue that there is only a single point of novelty in this disclosure. Multiple inventions may be set forth according to the limitations of the multiple claims issuing from this disclosure, and such claims accordingly define the invention(s), and their equivalents, that are protected thereby. In all instances, the scope of the claims shall be considered on their own merits in light of this disclosure, but should not be constrained by the headings set forth herein. 
     Finally, it will be understood that use of broader terms such as comprises, includes, and having should be understood to provide support for narrower terms such as consisting of, consisting essentially of, and comprised substantially of. Use of the term “optionally,” “may,” “might,” “possibly,” and the like with respect to any element of an embodiment means that the element is not required, or alternatively, the element is required, both alternatives being within the scope of the embodiment(s). Also, references to examples are merely provided for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to be exclusive.