Abstract:
A method and device are disclosed for neural stimulation with improved power consumption and/or effectiveness. The stimulus generator is arranged, for example via a look up table, to recognise proposed stimuli which will be masked by earlier or simultaneous stimuli. Such masked stimuli are either deleted, or replaced by another stimulus.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/857,253 entitled “POWER EFFICIENT ELECTRICAL STIMULATION” and filed on Sep. 18, 2007, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 8,050,770 on Nov. 1, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/343,397, filed Feb. 21, 2003, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,272,446 on Sep. 18, 2007, which was a National Stage application of International Application PCT/AU01/01032, filed Aug. 21, 2001, and which claims the benefit of Australian Patent Application PQ 9528, filed Aug. 21, 2000, the contents of each of these applications being incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field of the Invention 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to devices and methods for neural stimulation, and particularly but not exclusively to auditory prostheses. 
         [0003]    Wearable medical devices reliant upon stored power share a common dynamic. As the possible and desired functionality of the devices is improved, the power demands generally also increase. As a result, the life per charge or per cell is reduced, which has not only a cost impact for the user, but also increases the risk that a device will power down at an inconvenient time. 
         [0004]    In the field of cochlear implants, this issue is exacerbated by the trend to a single, behind the ear unit to replace what was once a head mounted unit and a separate speech processor unit worn on the body. The available volume and weight for the power cell is accordingly reduced. Increased power demands to provide improved functionality create a need to consider the efficiency of speech processing schemes and stimulus sets in order to provide maximum battery life. 
         [0005]    It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved processing method and device, in order to a better balance of power consumption and performance in neural stimulation systems, particularly auditory prostheses. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    The present invention provides, broadly, for a scheme in which masking effects are taken into account when determining which stimuli are actually delivered to a patient. This may be implemented in various ways. In one approach, after a set of stimulus instructions is generated, the set is checked against a look-up table. This table contains combinations of stimuli which have previously been clinically determined for that patent to display a masking effect. The second stimulus is deleted in this case. 
         [0007]    In another approach, a theoretical model of masking could be used in addition to or instead of a look up table. 
         [0008]    According to one aspect, the present invention relates to a method of neural stimulation of the type in which successive stimuli are presented on an electrode array having one or more electrodes, said stimuli being generated by a stimulus generation device, the method including the steps of:
       determining a stimulus set for one or more periods;   analysing each proposed stimulus set using a predetermined instruction set which is adopted to locate factors indicative of a likely masking effect;   if masking effects are detected, altering said stimulus set for one or more of said periods;   presenting the stimuli via said electrode array to a neural structure.       
 
         [0013]    According to another aspect, the present invention provides a neural stimulator device, including a stimulus generation device for generating stimulus sets for one or more periods, said stimulus sets being intended for delivery at an electrode array for operatively presenting stimuli to neural structures, 
         [0014]    wherein said device further includes processing means implementing a predetermined instruction set, said processing means analysing each stimulus set using said predetermined instruction set in order to locate factors indicative of a likely masking effect, and if it is determined that a masking effect is likely, altering said stimulus set. 
         [0015]    The stimulus set may include a single stimulus in which case only the variable parameters relevant to that type of stimulation need to be specified. In suitable devices, this may include the timing, waveform, frequency, current, voltage, phase, amplitude and electrode location or further factors as required. The instruction set in this case preferably will consider the stimuli previously delivered in determining whether a masking effect is likely. 
         [0016]    Alternatively, the stimulus set may include multiple stimuli, with variables as discussed above. If this case, in addition to or instead of previous stimulus sets, the instruction set will preferably analyse the various stimuli in relation to each other. 
         [0017]    The stimulus generation device may be unitary or be made of physically distinct parts. For example, in the case of a cochlear implant, it may include both an external speech processor and an implanted device, only the speech processor, or only an implanted device, depending upon the desired location of processing capacity. The instruction set may be implanted as a separate procedure, or integrated within the processor which generates the stimulus set. 
         [0018]    In a preferred form, if analysis indicates a likelihood of masking, the masked stimulus is simply omitted. However, in a system such as a cochlear implant, where stimuli are presented on multiple electrodes, an alternative stimuli—for example, on a different electrode—may be substituted. For example, the next most significant sound channel may be selected as the basis for stimulation. 
         [0019]    In the case of the intra-cochlear implant, it has been observed that certain stimuli, when delivered simultaneously or in close succession, do not produce a patient percept significantly different from when only the first stimulus is delivered. For example, consider a conventional, multi-electrode intra-cochlear electrode array. If a large amplitude stimulus is delivered at one electrode, and simultaneously a smaller amplitude stimulus is delivered at the next electrode, then in many cases the user will not be able to perceive whether or not the smaller stimulus was delivered—it is said to be masked by the large stimulus. Other circumstances may give rise to masking of various neural percepts. Masking phenomena have been discussed in the technical literature. 
         [0020]    The present invention arises from a recognition that masking effects can be considered as indicating a waste of stimulation power, as although the stimulus is presented to the patient, the patient does not receive any increased perception as a result of the stimulus. Accordingly, a proportion of the stimulus energy is simply wasted. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0021]    An implementation of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures, in which: 
           [0022]      FIG. 1  is a schematic illustration of a conventional intra-cochlear implant system; and 
           [0023]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating the operation of one embodiment of the inventive system. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0024]    The present invention will be described with particular reference to a speech processor unit for a cochlear implant system. However, it will be appreciated that the present invention has application to other neural stimulation systems where the masking phenomenon may be relevant. 
         [0025]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a typical cochlear implant device is shown. The external component, includes a speech processor  1 , and a microphone  2 . The speech processor is in this illustration constructed and arranged so that it can fit behind the outer ear  11 . Attached to speech processor  1  is a transmitter coil  3  which transmits the electrical signals to the implanted unit  5  via an RF link  4 . 
         [0026]    The implanted component  5  includes a receiver coil  6  for receiving power and data from coil  3 . A cable  7  extends from the implanted device  5  to the cochlea  12  and terminates in an electrode array  10 . The signals thus received are applied by the array  10  to the basilar membrane  8  thereby stimulating the auditory nerve. The operation of the device shown in  FIG. 1  is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,532,930. 
         [0027]    Thus, the RF link, which is in turn powered by the speech processor  1 , provides power and data to the implanted device  6 . The speech processor also processes sound signals received by microphone  2 , so as to send appropriate instructions for stimulation to the implanted device  6 . The precise details of speech processing are not necessary for an understanding of the present invention, and are in any case well understood by those skilled in the art. Any suitable speech processing strategy could be used in conjunction with the present invention. 
         [0028]    The block diagram of  FIG. 2  illustrates one implementation of the present invention, in schematic terms. 
         [0029]    Sound signals are detected by microphone  20 , and processed into a predetermined number of frequency channels by filter  21 . The output of filter  21  is a set of signal amplitudes per channel  22 . Processor  23 , in simple terms, selects certain channels as the basis for stimulation, based on amplitude or other factors. A set of stimulation instructions for implanted receiver stimulator unit  28  is thereby produced. 
         [0030]    These instructions include at least the electrode or electrodes to be stimulated, and the amplitude of the stimulus to be applied. The process so far is conventional. 
         [0031]    Masking check involves comparing each successive two or more stimuli with the look-up table to determine whether they match a predetermined masking rule in look-up table  26 . 
         [0032]    The table below sets out a set of minimum unmasked level—that is, for one electrode n, the level which will not be masked, as a function of the stimulus levels which have been applied to the other electrodes within the previous 2m 5 . The electrode column lists the electrodes in an array of n max electrodes. Each entry M gives the minimum stimulus level (amplitude) to electrode n which will elicit a response immediately following a stimulus to the relevant electrodes, expressed as values between threshold (T) and maximum comfortable (c) levels. It will be appreciated that T and C levels are routinely determined during set up of a speech processor. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Minimum Unmasked Level 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Electrode 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 M 1, T  M 1, T+1  -----------M 1, c−1  M 1, C   
               
               
                 2 
               
               
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                 n − 1 
                 M n−1, T  M n−1, T+1  ------------ M n−1, C   
               
               
                 n − 1 
               
               
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                 N max 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0033]    The masking check output is thus the stimulation set, with masked stimuli excluded. This is then transmitted conventionally, for example via an RF link to the implanted receiver/stimulator unit, which operates conventionally. 
         [0034]    Variations and additions will be apparent to those skilled in the art with the broad scope of the present invention.