Abstract:
The present invention relates generally to methods and devices for projecting articles. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for projecting balls and like articles for interaction with a player where a player may, for example, be considered a human training for or playing a ball sport or, an animal such as a dog exercising by retrieving the projected article. In one form, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for projecting an article comprising: feeding at least one article into a launching means wherein the launching means comprises a plurality of independently controlled rotating drive devices each device adapted to provide contact between the launching means and the at least one article for providing a component of drive force to launch the at least one article; attenuating at least one component of drive force to control the 3-Dimensional spin of the launched article by moving at least one drive device whilst maintaining the orientation of the axis of rotation of said drive device.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to Australian Provisional Patent Application No. 2006901068 entitled “A Method and Apparatus for Projecting an Article”, filed 3 Mar. 2006 in the name of Justin Dean McKenzie, Winifred Mary Smith and Christopher John Roberts and Australian Provisional Patent Application No 2006905463 entitled “A Method and Apparatus for Projecting an Article”, filed 4 Oct. 2006 in the name of Just Innovations Pty Ltd, the specifications of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes. 
       FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates generally to methods and devices for projecting articles. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for projecting balls and like articles for interaction with a player where a player may, for example, be considered a human training for or playing a ball sport or, an animal such as a dog exercising by retrieving the projected article. In one form, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for projecting a sports article and it will be convenient to hereinafter describe the invention in relation to that particular form with the use of tennis and/or cricket balls; however it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to that application, only. 
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
       [0003]    Throughout this specification the use of the word “inventor” in singular form may be taken as reference to one (singular) or more than one (plural) inventors of the present invention. The inventor has identified the following related art. 
         [0004]    There are a number of large scale, expensive sports ball machines usually dedicated to a single or limited tasks (eg. straight projection of a ball at various speeds), which generally have predictable functions, require mains power to operate and are not compact, easily transported or available to the general public for reasons of price and usage/room constraints. 
         [0005]    One particular device is in the form of a machine that projects tennis balls for dogs and tennis practice. A plastic ‘lever/hammer’ device hits the ball which provides limited control and power. The lever/hammer may be on the outside of the machine and moves very quickly and accordingly may present a hazard to users. The particular design employed for this apparatus utilises a relatively small delivery range and length, may not curve or spin an article such as a ball, and provides generally predictable delivery of the projected article. 
         [0006]    With respect to providing activity and exercise for dogs, it is usually the case that a dog needs a human to throw them a ball for retrieving. Generally, dogs cannot operate automated and technically interfaced products. Furthermore, some humans may not be able to throw a ball a distance at all suitable for a dog and, some people do not have the time to play/exercise with their dogs. In the experience of the inventor, this scenario may be on the increase. 
         [0007]    Many products may present dangers to relatively unintelligent animals such as dogs. For example, some dog ball machines may have dangerous fast moving parts protruding from the product as noted above. Some devices suffer from being operable only on limited terrain, for example, some dog ball machines may need to be used on fairly flat terrain as there may be no means to compensate for hills/ground variation which may affect ball return flow. Also, some dog ball machines may have a relatively small projecting distance or range. Many devices suffer for only being capable of straight delivery in as much as the machine may not provide spin/curve upon the ball&#39;s launch. As a result there may be continuous, boring and predictable flight from the projected article. Many dog ball machines have no means for automating the activity and providing continual attraction for the participants. 
         [0008]    With respect to ball sports such as cricket, there are a number of automated ball delivery systems that cater to providing ball deliveries suited to fast or pace bowling techniques. However, there is limited availability of products in this particular market that may deliver a spin bowling action for cricket training or practice. Spin bowling actions require loft of the ball and various spin on the x y z planes to provide realistic deliveries and there is a number of products that provide no spin or loft and cannot provide loft or controlled/varied spin. Many known devices require AC power supply. Many cricket ball delivery systems need a human to feed the machine balls with a lack of automation. Many cricket ball delivery systems are not easily transported given their weight and size. Many tennis ball delivery systems cannot provide controlled/varied spin and need AC power supply. Also, many tennis ball delivery systems do not have a sufficient ball return system where the ball can be stored or hit again. 
         [0009]    Any discussion of documents, devices, acts or knowledge in this specification is included to explain the context of the invention. It should not be taken as an admission that any of the material forms a part of the prior art base or the common general knowledge in the relevant art on or before the priority date of the disclosure and claims herein. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0010]    An object of the present invention is to alleviate at least one disadvantage associated with the above discussed related art. 
         [0011]    In one aspect there is provided a method of projecting an article comprising the steps of: 
         [0012]    feeding at least one article into a launching means; 
         [0013]    providing contact between the launching means and the at least one article over a relatively small contact area with the article for launching said at least one article; 
         [0014]    subsequently accelerating the launched article along a predefined substantially curved guide path to determine a trajectory for the launched article. 
         [0015]    In another aspect there is provided a method of projecting an article comprising the steps of: 
         [0016]    feeding at least one article into a launching means wherein the launching means comprises a plurality of independently controlled rotating drive devices each device adapted to provide contact between the launching means and the at least one article for providing a component of drive force to launch the at least one article; 
         [0017]    attenuating at least one component of drive force to control the 3-Dimensional spin of the launched article by moving at least one drive device whilst maintaining the orientation of the axis of rotation of said drive device. 
         [0018]    In a further aspect there is provided a method of projecting an article comprising the steps of: 
         [0019]    feeding at least one article into a launching means; 
         [0020]    launching the at least one article along at least one predetermined trajectory for interaction with at least one player; 
         [0021]    subsequently returning the at least one article for feeding into the launching means via a receptacle means comprising a receiving surface area substantially greater than a footprint area of the launching means. 
         [0022]    In yet another aspect there is provided an apparatus for projecting an article comprising: 
         [0023]    feeding means for feeding at least one article into the apparatus; 
         [0024]    a launching means for providing gripping contact over a relatively small contact area with the article for launching said at least one article; 
         [0025]    guide path means for subsequently accelerating the launched article along a predefined substantially curved guide path to determine a trajectory for the launched article. 
         [0026]    In yet a further aspect there is provided apparatus for projecting an article comprising: 
         [0027]    feeding means for feeding at least one article into a launching means wherein the launching means comprises a plurality of independently controlled rotating drive devices each device adapted to provide contact between the launching means and the at least one articles for providing a component of drive force to launch the at least one article; 
         [0028]    attenuating means operably associated with the drive device for attenuating at least one component of drive force to control the 3-Dimensional spin of the launched article by moving at least one drive device whilst maintaining the orientation of the axis of rotation of said drive device. 
         [0029]    In still another aspect there is provided apparatus for projecting an article comprising: 
         [0030]    feeding means for feeding at least one article into the apparatus; 
         [0031]    launching means for launching the at least one article along at least one predetermined trajectory for interaction with at least one player; 
         [0032]    receptacle means for subsequently returning the at least one article for feeding into the launching means comprising a receiving surface area substantially greater than a footprint area of the launching means. 
         [0033]    In yet another aspect there is provided an article adapted for use with an apparatus as disclosed herein comprising electronic sensing means adapted to enable the article to be sensed within the apparatus. 
         [0034]    In still another aspect there is provided a method of projecting an article comprising the steps of: 
         [0035]    sensing a transponder signal uniquely associated with the article; 
         [0036]    operatively adapting a projecting apparatus to operate in accordance with at least one of a plurality of predetermined operating criteria corresponding to the sensed transponder signal 
         [0037]    In still a further aspect there is provided apparatus for projecting an article comprising, in combination: 
         [0038]    projecting apparatus for projecting the article along a predefined trajectory; 
         [0039]    an article comprising a transponder for uniquely identifying the article; 
         [0040]    sensing means operatively associated with the projecting apparatus for sensing a unique transponder signal transmitted from the transponder wherein the projecting apparatus is operatively adapted to operate in accordance with at least one of a plurality of predetermined operating criteria corresponding to the sensed transponder signal. 
         [0041]    In yet another aspect there is provided a method of projecting an article comprising the steps of: 
         [0042]    providing drive force sufficient to launch the article on a trajectory with a drive means comprising at least one drive device disposed in a drive plane, where the drive plane is substantially parallel to and coincident with an initial path of the article proximate the drive means; 
         [0043]    rotating the drive plane about an axis of rotation that lies substantially along the initial path so as to select an angle of contact between the drive means and the article and correspondingly vary the trajectory of the projected article. 
         [0044]    In still a further aspect there is provided apparatus for projecting an article comprising: 
         [0045]    drive means for providing drive force sufficient to launch the article on a trajectory wherein the drive means comprises at least one drive device disposed in a drive plane being substantially parallel and coincident with an initial path of the article proximate the drive means; 
         [0046]    rotation means for rotating the drive plane about an axis of rotation that lies substantially along the initial path so as to select an angle of contact for the drive means with the article and correspondingly vary the trajectory of the projected article. 
         [0047]    In still another aspect the present invention provides an article adapted for use with an apparatus for projecting an article along a predefined trajectory, said apparatus comprising sensing means, the article comprising: 
         [0048]    a transponder operatively associated with the sensing means for uniquely identifying the article and enabling the apparatus to operate under predetermined settings corresponding to the unique identity of the article. 
         [0049]    Other aspects and preferred aspects are disclosed in the specification and/or defined in the appended claims, forming a part of the description of the invention. 
         [0050]    In the context of this disclosure the term trajectory is taken to comprise the travel path of an article wherein the article moves with a particular set of characteristic parameters comprising speed, distance, spin, curve, loft, time delay etc. Furthermore, where two articles travel along an identical path but with different characteristics such as spin, the trajectories of these two articles are to be taken as different trajectories. 
         [0051]    Embodiments disclosed herein provide the following advantages: 
         [0052]    A program and its interface enable the user to set and vary ball projection distances, speed, spin, curve, loft, time delay and randomisation of trajectory 
         [0053]    X-Y-Z spin ability. With a plurality of fly wheels, or an array of multiple wheels (perhaps 2 pairs, 2 wheels on x axis and 2 wheels on y) with all motors driving independently, preferred embodiments comprise apparatus with the ability to control spin over a 3d plane. The fly wheels can be driven forward or backward and at various speeds. The wheels can be engaged, disengaged or dampened to further affect and greater control of the behaviour of the projectile. 
         [0054]    Programmable. Preferred embodiments have the ability for the user to set or randomise functions that vary ball projection distances, speed, spin, curve, loft and time delay. This allows for various interfaces and their devices, such as remote interfacing and voice control. 
         [0055]    Randomisation. Being programmable embodiments can also randomise the programmable functions so that there is minimised predictability for the user. 
         [0056]    Safety Devices. Sensor Devices that protect the users or intruders to the system from injury. 
         [0057]    Recycling system. The fact that balls can be returned to a zone and dropped by a user (human/other animal/robot) to provide a continuous cycle. Further, the use of a net device to enhance this, and create a different target, zone and ‘recycling’ system 
         [0058]    Adjustable legs. With independent adjustable legs the machines of preferred embodiments can be used on an uneven surface without the flow of balls in the receptacle and channel/tubes and thus function of machine being effected in the course of levelling it. 
         [0059]    In essence, embodiments disclosed herein stem from the realisation that one or more or a combination of extending the degree of control over the rotational movement and guide path of an article at the point of launch in combination with providing easy access for return of the article and signature identification of an article may provide a far more satisfying playing experience for a player using a projected article or projectile. In particular, it has been realised that rotating drive means independently controllable in three dimensions and/or a predetermined curved guide path for a projectile provide a range of trajectories for projectiles that are more stimulating for players given that a controlled element of randomness to the trajectories may be provided. It follows that the following shortcomings are addressed by embodiments described herein such as dog owners have limited time and ability to exercise and play with their pets. It also stems from the fact that ball projection machines are not easily accessible to the consumer for reasons of cost and transportability of the product, and that these machines have limited function and control of the projectile and have a limited and predictable delivery area/zone/range. 
         [0060]    Further scope of applicability of embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0061]    Further disclosure; objects, advantages and aspects accompanying the present application may be better understood by those skilled in the relevant art by reference to the following description of preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limiting to the scope of the present invention, and in which: 
           [0062]      FIG. 1  shows a side view of an article projecting apparatus in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0063]      FIG. 2  shows, respectively, a top plan and a bottom plan view of an article projecting apparatus in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0064]      FIG. 3  is cross sectional view of an article projecting apparatus in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0065]      FIG. 4  is a plan view of a stop mechanism arrangement used in the apparatus shown in  FIGS. 1 to 3 ; 
           [0066]      FIG. 5  is a side view of an article projecting apparatus in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0067]      FIG. 6   a  is, respectively, a top plan and a bottom plan view of an article projecting apparatus in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0068]      FIG. 6   b  is a perspective side view of an article projecting apparatus in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0069]      FIGS. 7 and 8  are side views of an article projecting apparatus in the field in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0070]      FIGS. 9 and 10  are top plan views of an article projecting apparatus in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0071]      FIGS. 11 to 14  are respective views of a receptacle means of an article projecting apparatus in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0072]      FIGS. 15 to 17  are respective views of drive means of an article projecting apparatus in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0073]      FIGS. 18 and 19  are perspective and side views respectively of guide path means of an article projecting apparatus in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0074]      FIGS. 20 to 25  are flow charts describing automated control procedures for controlling an article projecting apparatus in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0075]      FIG. 26  is a perspective view of an article projecting apparatus showing a drive means and a rotation means in accordance with one embodiment; 
           [0076]      FIGS. 27   a ) to  27   c ) are partial views of the article projecting apparatus shown in  FIG. 26  showing selected angles of contact for the drive means allowed by the rotation means; 
           [0077]      FIG. 28  is a plan view of an embodiment showing the drive means and rotation means of  FIG. 26 ; 
           [0078]      FIGS. 29   a ) and  b ) are a plan and side view respectively of an alternate embodiment of the drive means and rotation means. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0079]    With reference to a description of preferred embodiments hereafter there is provided an automated system where articles or projectiles flow from a receptacle to a gate where they are detected and passed to a launching means comprising in one embodiment programmable acceleration and trajectory control devices that affect the behaviour of the projected article when launched. A catching/receiving device may recycle the projectile in the system returning it to the original receptacle. 
         [0080]    With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2  a ball  10  or multiple balls are placed in a receptacle  11  comprising a receiving surface area substantially greater than a footprint area of the launching means for enabling easy return of the article to the apparatus, which in the form of a conical/semi-sphere shaped vessel comprises a continuous descending spiral channel such that balls  10  flow under gravity feed and are directed into a channel  12  where the ball/s  10  may be stopped by a lever  13  attached to a solenoid device which is protruding from the channel  12 . In the zone where the ball  10  is stopped by the lever  13 , the ball  10  is detected by an electronic device such as a micro switch or an optical sensor, for example, an Infra Red device or the ‘Intelligent ball system’ as discussed below. When a ball  10  is detected motors driving fly wheels  14  in the launching means are run as per programmed and set by the user, and the ball  10  is released by the solenoid  13  retracting from the channel  12  after a brief delay to enable motors to spin and reach speed. The ball  10  when released will then roll down the channel/tube/shaft  12  where it is delivered to the fly wheels  14 . With the fly wheels  14  spinning the wheels  14  grip the ball  10  and accelerate it as it is passed through. The ball  10  is ‘thrown/ripped’ into a guide path means  15  which may be in one preferred form a receptacle tube/directing funnel which may also be ramped with an ascending lip which assists in launching the ball  10 . 
       System Components 
     Launcher Components: Projectile Flow 
       [0081]    Ball/object/projectile receptacle 
         [0082]    Projectile feeder channel 
         [0083]    Projectile stopper/gate 
         [0084]    Projectile detector 
         [0085]    Projectile release/gate 
         [0086]    Projectile acceleration/spin/trajectory control mechanism 
         [0087]    Loft control/trajectory (y vs z) device/mechanism 
         [0088]    Projectile direction (x plane) device/mech. 
         [0089]    Exit detector 
         [0090]    Safety device/mech. 
       Launcher Components: Other 
       [0091]    User interface 
         [0092]    Indicators 
         [0093]    Remote control device 
         [0094]    Power Supply 
         [0095]    Control device (software/PCB etc) 
         [0096]    Shell/Base/Chassis 
       Additional System Components 
       [0097]    Launcher stand: Quadpod/Unipod 
         [0098]    Net: Projectile catcher/receiver and ‘re-feeder’ 
       Functions of Launcher Components: Projectile Flow 
       [0099]    Ball/Object/Projectile Receptacle 
         [0100]    With reference to  FIGS. 9 and 10  this is the area where the projectile  10  or multiple projectiles may be placed or fed from a ‘recycling’ device  17  as discussed later. The receptacle  11  may be shaped so that no matter where the projectiles  10  are placed within the confines of an outer rim, the projectile  10  will flow under influence of gravity to the Projectile feeder channel  12  and Projectile stopper/gate  13 . This may be achieved by a constantly sloping (descending) plane/surface within the outer rim of the receptacle. The walls on the outer may be formed high enough to keep a projectile  10  in and deflect it if moving about inside the receptacle  11 . This may also culminate in a constantly descending gradient spiral channel that fits the projectiles and allows them to perpetuate through the system using gravity. As would be recognised by the person skilled in the art there are any number of shapes that may be applied to the receptacle to achieve the stated purpose. 
         [0101]    Projectile Feeder Channel 
         [0102]    With reference to  FIGS. 1 ,  2  and  4  the feeder channel  12  may be an extension to the receptacle  11 . The projectiles  10  are fed into this and may line up in single file. Where the receptacle  11  is in the form of a constant channel the feeder channel may be a simple continuation of the shape. There can be a cover over this area forming for example, a full tube rather than a channel so that there no interruption or foreign intervention of the projectile detection devices. 
         [0103]    Projectile Stopper/Gate/Ready Zone 
         [0104]    With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 5 , a point is shown within the feeder channel  12  where the projectiles  10  are stopped, detected and made ready for release to the acceleration and control devices. The projectile  10  may be stopped by a gate/lever  13  that moves when called for to allow the projectile to continue to the acceleration device. 
         [0105]    Projectile Detector 
         [0106]    With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 5 , the projectile  10  may be detected by a device (optical/physical switch or ‘intelligent ball system’ as discussed herein) in the zone where the projectile is stopped and readied for launch. This detector communicates with the software or hardware. 
         [0107]    Projectile Release/Gate 
         [0108]    With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 5 , this gate device  16  allows the projectile  10  to pass on through the system to the acceleration device after detection. It may be a solenoid that is attached to the stopper that releases/retracts to allow the gravity fed projectile  10  to keep travelling to the acceleration and control mechanisms. This gate  16  also closes after the projectile  10  has passed through the zone to stop the next projectile  10  in line or recycled in the system. This step can be detected by an independent sensory device (optical/physical) or can be the same device as the original projectile detector in a different state/time. For example, a sensor could be placed/added to or around the gate to detect when the projectile has passed so to close the gate. Alternatively the original sensor/switch that detects when a ball is in the zone could be used for this function so when it leaves the sensor/switch will change state and can alert the software/hardware that the projectile has left and the gate can be closed. 
         [0109]    The device may alternatively be in the form of a stepper motor attached to a rotating wheel with hollowed sections to allow the projectile to fit in. The wheel may spin to pass the projectile from the detection area to the acceleration device. This device can help sort and move projectiles from receptacle at entrance of detection area. 
         [0110]    Projectile Acceleration/Spin/Trajectory Control Mechanism 
         [0111]    With reference to any of  FIGS. 1 to 3 ,  5 ,  6   a ,  15  to  17 , a region is shown where the projectile  10  makes contact with launching means that may preferably be in the form of fly wheels  14  that control the speed, spin and swing of the object or article  10  being launched. The projectile  10  will drop from where it has been released making its way down a descending path and enters the zone where it makes contact with one or more fly wheels  14  that rotate to grip the projectile  10  to ‘rip’ and displace it. 
         [0112]    The wheels  14  either in singular or multiply may be driven at different speeds, in different directions and are controlled individually. The wheels  14  can also be idle/free where they are used as a ‘contact surface’ for grip of the projectile, friction reduction in the pass or channel and potential power for the projectile. Preferably, the axis of rotation of the launching means be it in the form of drive means such as wheels, belts rollers or the like remains in a similar orientation throughout any adjustment. It is noted accordingly that the drive means comprises elements that possess rotational motion as the chief form of movement to provide acceleration for the articles  10 . 
         [0113]    The wheels  14  can be engaged inside the tube or shaft (projectile gripping area) or disengaged so the projectile can pass without touching it. This adjustment is preferably performed by way of attenuation means that acts to gradually decrease the relative effect of acceleration force given to the article  10  by the particular drive means. In accordance with the attenuation, the wheels  14  or wheel mechanisms  14   a  can also be spring loaded/dampened so to move and displace them with the passing of the projectile. 
         [0114]    Each fly wheel mechanism  14   a  or drive means may comprise the wheel that grips the projectile and a device (motor)  17   a  that drives the wheel. An independent chassis may house the mechanism that the wheels and motors are attached to. This wheel housing can be attached to the main chassis, and can be allowed to move independently of it. The housing comprising the wheels and their respective motors may also comprise a portion of the shaft where the drive means engages the article to be projected. 
         [0115]    In a particular embodiment and with reference to  FIGS. 26 to 29 , means for rotating the housed wheels and/or shaft is provided to provide an extended range of trajectory for the projectile.  FIG. 26  depicts an article projecting apparatus generally shown at  260 . The drive means  261  comprising at least one drive device, preferably in the form of motorised fly wheels, is disposed in a drive plane, where the drive plane is substantially parallel to and coincident with an initial path of the article proximate the drive means. The initial path is defined by the shaft  262  proximate the drive means  261 . A rotating means  263  is preferably adapted to rotate the drive plane about an axis of rotation that lies substantially along the initial path defined by the shaft  262 . In this way, it is possible to select an angle of contact between the drive means and the article and correspondingly vary the trajectory of the projected article. A number of selected angles of contact are shown in  FIGS. 27   a ) to  27   b ). The angle of contact between the drive means and the article may be selected from an angle between about −90 and about +90°. with respect to the horizontal.  FIG. 27   b ) shows the drive means engaged at an angle of approximately 0° with respect to the horizontal.  FIGS. 27   a ) and  c ) show angles of engagement of about +45′ and about −45′ with respect to the horizontal, respectively. The rotation means comprises at least a first bearing point  263   a  mounted proximate the shaft  262 . In a preferred embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 26 , the rotation means  263  comprises a motorised belt  263   c  and drive arrangement  263   a  and  263   b  operatively connected to the shaft  262  which forms the initial path of the article. Preferably, the motorised belt  263   c  forms the connection between the motorised drive arrangement  263   a ,  263   b  and the shaft  262 . The motorised belt and drive arrangement is adapted to rotate the shaft  262  and hence the connected drive means  261  and comprises a stepper motor  263   b  which drives a belt  263   c  from a first bearing point  263   a . The belt  263   c  is also connected to the shaft at a second bearing point  263   d . The drive means  261  is mounted to shaft  262 . As the stepper motor  263   b  drives the belt from the first bearing point  263   a , the shaft is rotated in either direction to vary the contact angle of the drive means  261  with the article to be projected as it passes through shaft  262 . 
         [0116]    In  FIGS. 27   a ) to  c ) the shaft is shown at  272 , the drive means at  271  and the rotation means at  273 , comprising first bearing point  273   a , belt  273   c  and second bearing point  273   d  on shaft  272 . The stepper motor is not shown in  FIG. 27 .  FIG. 28  shows, in plan view, the shaft  282  on which is mounted drive means  281 . The rotation means  283  comprises first bearing point  283   a , stepper motor  283   b , belt  283   c  and second bearing point  283   d.    
         [0117]      FIG. 29  shows an alternate arrangement for the rotation means  293  wherein the drive belt arrangement of  FIGS. 26 to 28  are replaced with a gearing mechanism  293   a  which couples with a corresponding gearing arrangement  293   e  mounted on shaft  292  for rotating the shaft  292  and drive means  291 . 
         [0118]    In the example of use as a cricket or tennis training apparatus, this arrangement can achieve, for example, Off-spin or Top-spin depending on the selected angle of contact. 
         [0119]    With reference to  FIGS. 16 and 17 , there are generally five states that the fly wheel mechanism  14   a  may be in, that control the behaviour of the projectile. 
         [0000]    1. Protruding and fixed-neutral/free: This is where a drive wheel mechanism  14   a  is engaged with the fly wheel in the tube and it is fixed solid but the motor is neutral/free
 
2. Protruding and fixed-driving: This is where a drive wheel mechanism  14   a  is engaged with the fly wheel  14  in the tube and is fixed solid and the motor is driving
 
3. Protruding and dampened-neutral/free: This is where the drive wheel mechanism  14   a  is engaged but is not fixed. It is dampened/spring loaded and this allows the mechanism to move with the force of the projectile being passed the wheel through a gap smaller than the projectile such as multiple wheels or the gap between a wheel and the tube that it travels and the motors are neutral/free
 
4. Protruding and dampened-driving: This is where the drive wheel mechanism  14   a  is engaged but is not fixed. It is dampened/spring loaded and this allows the mechanism to move with the force of the projectile being passed by the wheel through a gap smaller than the projectile such as multiple wheels or the gap between a wheel and the tube through which it travels and the motors are driving.
 
5. Retracted: This is where the mechanism is disengaged and wheel retracted having no effect on the projectile.
 
         [0120]    Loft Control/Trajectory (y Vs z) Device/Mechanism 
         [0121]    After the projectile  10  is displaced or ripped as part of the launching process it enters a tube/directing chamber  15 . This tube may be flat so the projectile  10  exits the system parallel to the ground or release from acceleration device. This tube  15  can have a lip/curved ascending ramp  15   a  to produce loft in its trajectory. 
         [0122]    With respect to  FIG. 19 , this ramp  15   a  may be attached to a device so it can be moved vertically to change the loft/pitching gradient. This device can be a rotating wheel with an arm attached offset on the wheel and attached to the ramp so when the wheel spins it raises or lowers the ramp and it may be geared in one particular embodiment. 
         [0123]    The ramp  15   a  may also move with a cog and tooth system where the driven cog will work against a toothline assembly that is attached to the ramp and possibly geared. This can also be moved using a motor and worm driven mechanism. 
         [0124]    With reference to  FIG. 18 , this ramp/tube may have an extension that may detach and protrude from machine for longer controlled exit path that will affect the projectiles journey/accuracy. 
         [0125]    The ramp  15   a  can be straight with a lipped attachment as to cover a range of trajectory and loft. 
         [0126]    The ramp  15   a  can be straight but rigid and flexible, such as spring metal where its original shape can be returned, where manipulation of the length of the ramp will alter the curve. The ramp  15   a  can be manipulated by a rotating wheel with an arm attached offset on the wheel and attached to the ramp so when the wheel spins it moves the ramp surface allowing it to bend with different shaped curves. 
         [0127]    Projectile Direction (x Plane) Device/Mechanism 
         [0128]    With reference to  FIGS. 2 ,  3 , and  6   b , the system can include a mechanism that alters the direction in which the projectile is launched (horizontally) 
         [0129]    This may be achieved by the base  19  and chassis  18  moving independently. The chassis  18  can be moved with a drive motor and cog/gear working against a ‘row of teeth’ that are attached to the base and possibly geared. 
         [0130]    This may also be achieved by a rotating wheel with an arm attached offset on the wheel and attached to the base  19  so when the wheel spins it moves the chassis  18  with reference to the base, so projectiles can be launched at different angles of the horizontal plane with reference to the base. The drive mechanism for this device may be geared and driven by a stepper motor. As would be recognised by the person skilled in the art there are other means within the knowledge of the skilled person that may be utilised as a drive mechanism. The base and chassis can move independently of each other on a track with rollers. Alternatively, movement may be achieved using a motor and worm driven mechanism. The base and chassis may be attached and allowed to move via an axle and motor driving it. As with mechanism noted above, this may be geared, and alternatively a stepper motor may be utilised. 
         [0131]    This 360° freedom of movement mechanism when functioning inside the shell may aid in the un-predictability or randomness of the article&#39;s trajectory once launched from the system whilst being capable of control by way of a pseudo random number generator within its control system. 
         [0132]    This direction control can also be achieved by manipulating the exit tube/shaft with motors, wheels and gears. 
         [0133]    With the horizontal plane direction mechanisms, it is also possible to move side to side, where the base and chassis are moving independently so that the projectile may be shot left to right. The chassis  18  may rotate 360 degrees allowing the projectiles  10  to be able to be ‘projected’ in a zone which is circular, as opposed to a segment given by a number of existing systems. These mechanisms may provide a delivery range of a full radius around the machine, only restricting the size of the circle (radius/diam) by the size and speed/power of wheels. With this system operating it is possible to have a large and unpredictable area for the projectile, which could be used by one or more receivers of the projectiles. 
         [0134]    Loft Control/Trajectory (y Vs z) Device/Mechanism and Projectile Direction (x Plane) Device/Mechanism (all in One) 
         [0135]    As part of the means for providing a substantially curved guide path to the article  10  and its trajectory, the direction control mechanisms can both be achieved by using an articulated tube (jointed and/or flexible tube) for direction of the projectiles exit. The tube&#39;s position and curve can be manipulated using any of the above devices/methods. The tube can be fixed at one end which is closest to the acceleration device and move at the farthest exit point to manipulate the projectile. This enables the base/chassis/shell to be fixed solid with the only moving part for this system being inside the unit which aids in the lack of predictability of the release of projectile and reduces amount of moving parts and friction, and thus power involved in previous systems, including above. 
         [0136]    Exit Detector 
         [0137]    With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 5 , this is a device  13   a  to alert the unit that the projectile has left the system. It can be an optical or physical sensory device. It can be the same detector as the safety device as mentioned below, because if the projectile  10  is detected in that zone then it has passed the safety gate and this gate can now be closed. It can be an independent sensor that is situated before the gate as to differentiate between release and intrusion. 
         [0138]    Safety Device/Mechanism 
         [0139]    With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 5 , in the outlet there is a safety device  16  that protects the user/intruder from injury and the machine from damage. The device  16  detects any movement and can be used to stop any moving parts. It can also be used to close a gate to stop the intruder going any further and to stop the projectile from leaving the machine. 
         [0140]    This can be a gate that is always closed and opens momentarily in the process of projection. 
         [0141]    If a projectile stops within the system, a series of events will take place to clear the unit of the projectile. 
         [0142]    A device may be added to detect tilt of the unit which will shut down the system if the unit has been tilted beyond a safe angle, or an angle which will prohibit the proper functioning of the unit. This device can be a mercury switch or similar. 
       Functions of Launcher Components: Other 
       [0143]    User Interface 
         [0144]    With reference to the flow charts of  FIGS. 20 to 25 , the interface of  FIG. 25  allows the user to control the functions of the article projecting machine. The interface may comprise indicating and selecting devices such as an LCD screen, led&#39;s, speaker, switches and buttons. The selectors may direct a user through a menu and enable the user to select, enter and exit etc. Other selectors may comprise switches for certain settings such as power or an array of switches to select between hardware variables where software is not used. 
         [0145]    The user may also interface the unit with a remote control device, which can be a transceiver, discussed below. 
         [0146]    Including a microphone and recording function can enable the system to have voice recognition where the user can command the unit with their voice. It also means the user could record audio to be used as indicators in the system. 
         [0147]    As would be recognised by the person skilled in the art there are numerous “off-the-shelf” options for providing and programming such an interface. 
       Software Flowcharts 
     FIG. 20: System Initialisation 
       [0148]    The process illustrated in  FIG. 20  provides an overview of system initialization for running a new process as would be recognised by the person skilled in the art. 
       FIG. 21: Emergency Stop Process 
       [0149]    The process illustrated in  FIG. 21  may be performed by an interrupt as it can occur at anytime that the unit is active and should be able to be activated at any time the unit is active. 
         [0150]    The emergency stop may be triggered by sensor devices that detect movement of the projecting apparatus or an intrusion into the apparatus that may affect the operation or cause injury to a player. Once activated, all moving parts that launch the article will be stopped. An exit gate will be closed to stop the article leaving the apparatus. A release/stopper gate will be closed/checked to make sure no more articles can enter the cycle/apparatus. An indicator may alert the user or players that this emergency stop process has taken place. The “Return from emergency stop” is a process that may take place to enable any articles that are idle in the launch process to leave the apparatus or allow the user and/or players to remove obstructions themselves safely. 
       Filigree  22 / 23 : Launcher Process 
       [0151]    Start Launch 
         [0152]    Load Trajectory/Acceleration Motor Parameters. These may be pre determined and set by the user and/or player or may be set to load random parameters from a Random Number Generator (RNG) and translated. These settings may be loaded from previously automatically generated parameters from the last used settings. These parameters may be determined as per signature of the projected article and its assigned settings in accordance with the unique identity that is conveyed by the article&#39;s transponder. Load Loft motor Parameters. These may be predetermined and set by the user and/or player or may be set to load random parameters from a Random Number Generator (RNG) and translated. These settings can be loaded from previously automatically generated parameters from the last used settings. These parameters may also be determined as per the signature of the article and its assigned settings. 
         [0153]    Load direction Motor parameters. These parameters may be pre determined and set by the user or may be set to load random parameters from a Random Number Generator (RNG) and translated. These settings can be loaded from previously automatically generated parameters from the last used settings. Once again, these parameters can be determined as per signature of the article and its assigned settings. 
         [0154]    Run direction motor. This process step moves parts that affect direction on the horizontal plane. Check stopper/release detector to see if article is present. If present/full check exit detector. If empty wait count time and check if elapsed and if so, set fault indicators which can be tones to alert the user. Check exit detector to make sure exit path is clear. Run acceleration/trajectory motors. Open the exit gate to allow the article to leave the system. Open stopper/release gate so the article passes to the acceleration devices. Check stopper/release detector to see if the article has left the zone. Close stopper/release gate to stop next article. Exit detector will sense if article has passed. If so Shut down Acceleration/Trajectory motors. Check Exit detector is empty. If exit detector is empty, Close the exit gate. Close stopper/release gate. Check to see if in auto mode. If in auto mode, Check to see if time delay is random. Perform time delay as set by the user or may be set to load random parameters from a Random Number Generator (RNG) and translated. 
       FIG. 24: Overview of Software Flow 
       [0155]    The process illustrated in  FIG. 24  shows a simple overview of the software flow and its interfacing with hardware. 
       FIG. 25: Overview of Remote Control 
       [0156]    The process illustrated in  FIG. 25  shows that the remote control can mirror the indicators and selectors that the apparatus uses. 
         [0157]    Indicators 
         [0158]    The indicators are for the user to be warned or alerted of certain states and conditions of the unit and its functions. If a projectile  10  is about to exit, then a warning indicator may alert the user or anyone in the vicinity. The indicator may comprise visual, audible signals or both. The indicator may be a voice recording of the user/owner via a microphone on the unit using the software. This can be used for dog training where the owner can record “Get ready . . . Sit . . . Fetch boy”. This will be included in the software and positioned/timed in the flow of the program. A visual indicator can alert the user that a projectile is coming. 
         [0159]    If a projectile has not been through the system for a period an indicator may alert and remind the user, such as an audible sound like a whistle. This can be a training system for dogs etc. IT is also envisaged that projectiles may have on board sensors to enable the sensing that has been discussed in the description herebefore. 
         [0160]    If the power is low then an audible sound can alert the user until power is so low that the machine will not operate and is shut down automatically. This can be a series of whistles/beeps/tones. 
         [0161]    Remote Device. Transmitter/Receiver 
         [0162]    This allows the user/controller to activate the unit remotely. The remote is an ‘extension’ of the user interface and can be a ‘parallel’ function such as ‘start/activate’. The remote can also be used to launch projectiles on demand. It can be used to do anything that the user interface can do. The remote device may have selectors and indicators such as buttons, LED&#39;s, Audible, LCD screen. 
         [0163]    The remote may act as a transceiver that receives information from the launching unit. Eg. updating user settings, confirmations, modes, synchronisation, other indicators such as power etc. 
         [0164]    Power Supply 
         [0165]    The unit may comprise both an external and internal power supply. The external supply can be used to power the unit, charge the internal power source or do both at the same time. The internal chargeable supply makes the unit portable and able to use anywhere. It is also a safety precaution that prevents dogs, humans or the environment from interfering with the power supply and in particular a dangerous source. ie dogs chewing cord, rain and moisture, unattended unit. 
         [0166]    The power supplies will have their own ‘normal’ protection devices such as fuses, moisture sensors and thermal sensors perhaps, for safety reasons. In so being, it is possible that the system may not be reliant on whether a battery is part of the unit, or perhaps batteries are inserted with the unit providing the charge circuit so batteries can be replaced but never have to be taken out. 
         [0167]    Control Device (Software/PCB Etc) 
         [0168]    All moving parts and devices can be run using hardware, software or a combination of both. Where functions do not need software simple hardware can be the controller. Where functions and their parameters are dynamic, changeable and/or ranged then software via a processor may be used. 
         [0169]    The software enables the unit to have full control of the wheel mechanisms and makes the projectile delivery extremely dynamic. It also enables the user to make settings, save settings and to randomize its function. Randomisation is good for lack of prediction for the user. It can randomize all or certain parts of the projectile behaviour, as the user may require a consistent part of the function eg. Not short. Always top-spin and randomise the rest of the units movements as in loft, side spin persuasion, direction. 
         [0170]    Shell/Base/Chassis 
         [0171]    There can be a variety of ways to house the unit. Basically the shell, base  19  and chassis  18  may be independent structures that join together. Ultimately and ideally the base may always remain stationary, with the chassis and shell (receptacle and top) attached but able to move independently and with reference to the base, as this comprises the projectile direction device. 
         [0172]    With reference to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , the base may have legs fitted that are normally at level but are independently adjustable to allow for undulating ground or tilt of the unit (without the stand). 
         [0173]    The base  19  and chassis  18  and shell may be fixed, and is not limited to being independent to include the particular function of the x plane direction device. 
         [0174]    Launcher Stand 
         [0175]    The launcher unit may be placed on a stand that alters the height of the unit and can change the angle of the horizontal plane that the unit sits and projects on. 
         [0176]    The stand may comprise a base, top and legs. The base can be weighted for stability of the unit. The top can be a receptacle for the launcher unit so it can fit or be mounted and attached to it. The legs can be adjustable, telescopic perhaps allowing the units height and thus trajectory to be altered. With four telescopic legs and universal joints fixing them to the base and top with one of the eight joints/mountings fixed and preferably not allowed to move, the unit can go on any angle of the horizontal plane that the length of the legs allows. When the legs are completely retracted or fully extended, where the legs are even length, the unit will be perfectly level. As soon as the legs are locked in length, the unit will become rigid with the assistance of the single fixed end of a leg opposed to the seven uni joints. When two adjacent legs are locked, and the opposing two are open, the stand only tilts on one axis. 
         [0177]    The stand can include 3 dimensional levelling indicators, such as a bubble/fluid indicator for accurate setting. 
         [0178]    Additionally, legs may be included in and under the base that are normally at level but are adjustable to allow for undulating ground. 
         [0179]    Alternatively a tripod with a universal head can be used, but may be unstable as the surface area of the ‘top’ is large and will have moving parts and forces placed against it. (unless locking mechanism is strong enough) 
         [0180]    Net: Projectile Catcher/Receiver and ‘Re-Feeder’ 
         [0181]    With reference to  FIGS. 11 to 14 , the receptacle means may extend to comprise a device that may be included to allow continuous play/function of the unit. It can also be used as a training and skills development tool. 
         [0182]    A ‘recycling’ device as such can be included where a receptacle receives a returned and intervened projectile that was initially launched from the unit. The ‘recycler’ catches, directs and dampens the projectile that drops to a channel or constantly descending graded vessel that directs the projectile to a specific target point and exit. The target point and exit are placed above the launching unit allowing the projectile to be reintroduced to the launcher receptacle and thus launching system, completing a cycle. However, it is noted that this recycling process may also be achieved without this unit, as in a dog returning the projectile to the generously proportioned receptacle and completing the cycle. This can also be a training system. 
         [0183]    This recycler with its catcher or target zone can be height adjustable. 
         [0184]    The stand can be weighted for stability and anchoring to compensate the force of returned projectile. The weight can be fixed or detachable/attachable. The stand can be anchored by means of attaching rope and anchoring it in front of the stand in the ground or anchored directly in to ground with pegs. It can be anchored to a tennis net where the unit and stand can be situated on the other side of the tennis court net as the user and the recycling net and frame can be attached to the tennis court net by way of clips and guide ropes. 
         [0185]    In a preferred embodiment of the receptacle acting as a ‘recycler’ mechanism, a sensor may be placed on auxiliary receptacles, in the form of nets and/or hoppers, and communicate with the operating software. This may enable a quicker re-delivery which can simulate ‘real time’ play. It may also determine if an article has been returned successfully in the receptacle and within a certain or given time frame. Alternatively, various sensors may be provided on various receptacles, or various parts of the same receptacle. These sensors may communicate with the unit via a cable and I/O port, or via other communications technology that would be recognised by the person skilled in the art. The sensor detection at the receptacle may also be logged for statistics such as returned articles vs. projected articles. 
         [0186]    While this invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modification(s). This application is intended to cover any variations uses or adaptations of the invention following in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth. 
         [0187]    As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit of the essential characteristics of the invention, it should be understood that the above described embodiments are not to limit the present invention unless otherwise specified, but rather should be construed broadly within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements are intended to be included within the spirit and scope of the invention and appended claims. Therefore, the specific embodiments are to be understood to be illustrative of the many ways in which the principles of the present invention may be practiced. For example, various modifications are envisaged such as the receptacle means may comprise a conical shaped net coupled to the top of the launching means so for instance, a circle of cricketers may stand around the launcher, catch the balls, and throw them back into the cone which feeds the receptacle for providing further flow of balls to the launcher. Furthermore, the drive means may comprise wheels made of different materials, with varying thicknesses, density, grip etc depending on the opposing gripping surface of the projectile so as to match them for optimum behavior control. In the following claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover structures as performing the defined function and not only structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures. For example, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface to secure wooden parts together, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a screw are equivalent structures. 
         [0188]    “Comprises/comprising” when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.”