Abstract:
A dispenser for dispensing solid objects comprising a reservoir for retaining solid objects that is in communication with dispensing zone having a reusable opening and an ejector positioned opposite a space for retaining a solid object, wherein the dispensing zone is positioned under the reservoir, the dispensing zone is defined on an upper side by a first wall of positive slope and a second wall of negative slope, and the reusable opening is on a first side of the dispensing zone and the ejector is on a second side of the dispensing zone that is opposite the first side.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention is directed to dispensers for solid objects. In one embodiment, the dispenser can be used as a dispenser for pieces of candy. In another embodiment, the dispenser can be used to dispense tablets that, for example, deliver therapeutic substances. In a further embodiment, the dispenser is moisture tight for a desired period (e.g. dispenser&#39;s use life, solid objects shelf-stability life).  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Tablet dispensers are typically employed in the nutritional and candy industries in order to retain and dispense tablets. These dispensers may be designed for specific tablets, such as the Pez dispenser for Pez candy. Dispensers may be sealed after filling to render them moisture tight for “shelf” stability (i.e. prior to the time the dispenser is opened by the consumer.  
           [0003]    Typically, once the consumer opens the packaging (beginning the period of use life), the dispensers are no longer moisture-tight. In other words, during use life, these dispensers are typically only employed in conjunction with tablets and products that are not moisture sensitive during the use life.  
           [0004]    Because conventional tablet dispensers are not moisture-tight during use life, they are not typically used in the pharmaceutical industry for moisture sensitive products. Instead, moisture tight tablet packaging has typically been provided by “blister” packs. For “blister packs”, the tablet is pushed through a frangible barrier material in order to separate it from the packaging.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    The present invention is directed to a number of embodiments for tablet dispensers that, in some embodiments, maintain a moisture-tight reservoir of tablets during use life. In one example, the design is suited for pharmaceutical applications, particularly where moisture-sensitivity of the tablet is a consideration.  
           [0006]    The present invention is directed to dispensers for dispensing tablets. In one embodiment, the dispenser maintains a moisture tight seal both during shelf life and during use life. In yet another embodiment, the dispenser provides a reservoir for holding a number of tablets, such as, for example, 50 to 100 tablets. In yet another embodiment, the dispenser is provided with a housing that is constructed in part of plastic material of a substantially water impermeable material, such as polypropylene (“PP”) or polyethylene (“PE”), while other parts of the housing are constructed of an elastomeric material of a substantially water impermeable material such as an ethylene propylene diene terpolymers (EPDM).  
           [0007]    For purposes of the present invention, a dispenser of the present invention is “moisture tight” in accordance with the test protocols set forth in USP 671. In one embodiment, the dispenser is considered “moisture tight” where not more than one of the 10 test dispenser exceeds 100 mg per day, per liter, in moisture permeability. Testing for USP 671 is conducted on sealed containers and on containers that have been opened and then resealed. The testing consists of a desiccant of set quantity 4-8 mesh, anhydrous calcium chloride being first dried at 110 degrees for one hour then cooled in a desiccator. Then  12  containers of uniform size are selected and opened and closed 30 times each. Torque is applied to the closures as specified in the USP monograph. Desiccant is then added to  10  of the packages labeled test containers. These are then filled to within 13 mm of the opening on containers larger than 20 ml and to two-thirds full on containers smaller than 20 ml. The closures are then applied to the torque specified in the monograph. Weight is recorded to the nearest 0.1 mg for containers smaller than 20 ml, to the nearest mg for 20 ml to 200 ml, or to the nearest centigram if the container is larger than 200 ml. The containers are stored at 75 percent, plus or minus three percent, relative humidity at a temperature of 23 degrees, plus or minus two degrees. After 36 hours, plus or minus one hour, the weight is recorded, with the moisture permeability calculated in mg per day, per liter.  
           [0008]    Elastomeric materials of the present invention should be sufficiently deformable to allowed them to be sufficiently deformed when a force is applied to them so that the solid object can pass through the desired exit location. In one embodiment, the elastomeric material is used to construct a lip seal, that is, a specified opening provided in the elastomeric material. The lip seal remains moisture tight when the seal is closed, and is opened only for the time needed to pass a tablet through the opening. In another embodiment, the elastomeric material is used to encase the trigger mechanisms that are used to eject the tablets.  
           [0009]    In yet another embodiment, the present invention is directed to dispenser mechanisms for dispensing one tablet at a time from the reservoir. In another embodiment, the dispensers are provided with dispensing mechanisms that queue up the tablets prior to dispensing them. In a further embodiment, the present invention is directed to a number of trigger mechanisms that are employed in dispensing one tablet at a time from the dispenser. In yet another embodiment, the trigger mechanism and location in the dispensers where the tablets queue up are placed within elastomeric materials to insure moisture tightness and further allow the trigger to be operated by applying a force external to the elastomer.  
           [0010]    In yet another embodiment the dispenser is sized so that the housing interiors are sized only as thick as one tablet. In another embodiment, the dispenser maintains a moisture-tight seal within the tablet reservoir throughout the dispenser use life. In another embodiment, a desiccant, such as a desiccant entrained plastic, is used in at least a portion. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0011]    [0011]FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a first embodiment of a dispenser of the invention;  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view along line A-A, as shown from the dispensing side of the dispenser shown in FIG. 1;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 3 is a is a cross sectional view along line A-A, as shown from the pusher side of the dispenser shown in FIG. 1;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 4 is a first perspective view of the dispenser embodiment;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 5 is a first perspective view of the dispenser embodiment;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of another embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an aspect of the FIG. 6 embodiment;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 8 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 9 is an exploded view of another embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the dispensing portion of the present invention;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the dispenser just prior to dispensing of a tablet;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 12 is a top plan view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 13 is a top plan view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 14 is a cross sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention in which the trigger mechanism is activated;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an aspect of the present invention;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 17 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 18 is a side elevational view of an aspect of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 19 is an exploded view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 20 is a bottom plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17; and  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 21 is a cross sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 22 is a side elevational view of another embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 23 is a cross sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 22, taken from the side thereof.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 24 is a side elevational view taken from inside a dispenser, showing an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 25 is a top plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 22, in an open position.  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a tamper evident seal that can be employed with the embodiments discussed herein.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 27 is a perspective view of another tamper evident seal that can be employed with the embodiments discussed herein. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0038]    [0038]FIGS. 1-5 illustrate a first embodiment of a dispenser produced in accordance with the invention. FIGS. 4 and 5 show perspective views of the components that house the tablets and dispenser mechanism. Generally, dispenser  10  is provided with a lower housing  12 , upper housing  14 , a cover  16 , a seal  18  that joins the lower and upper housings, and a cover  20  of an elastomer that covers the portions of the lower housing where the dispensing mechanism is located. A lip seal  22  is provided in the elastomer through which a tablet is dispensed.  
         [0039]    For purpose of the present invention, a “lip seal” is formed by two lip sides that converge at the thin, slit like opening. In one example, the “lip seal” is formed by molding the two lip sides that converge at a thin slit-like opening. In another example, the “lip seal” is formed by molding a membrane and then cutting a slit in the membrane. The lip seal is designed so that it is opened for a sufficient time needed to pass an item through it as a sufficient ejecting force is applied to the item.  
         [0040]    In one embodiment, the housing components of the dispenser may be provided with long sides that have a slight curvature and endwalls  31 ,  31 ′ joined to the sidewalls by corners which are squared or rounded. The housing components are hollow in their interior and house the tablets and the dispensing mechanism. In another embodiment, tThe interior width dimension of the housing components may be only slightly greater than the width of a singular tablet that would be housed in the dispenser. This arrangement of a tablet reservoir provides for the housing and storage of the tablets in a single-thickness arrangement.  
         [0041]    The housing components are formed of an injection molded plastic (e.g. clarified polypropylene or polyethylene). If a clarified plastic is used, the tablets contained in the dispenser are visible from outside the housing. In one embodiment, the outer surface of the upper housing may be made of a sufficiently water impermeable plastic (e.g. PP or PE) and at least a portion of the inner surface may be overmolded with a desiccant plastic, such as the desiccant plastic formulations disclosed in U.S. pat. Nos. 5,911,937, 6,214,255, 6,130,263, 6,080,350 and 6,174,952, 6,124,006, 6,221,446 and U.S. Ser. No. 09/504,029, filed Feb. 14, 2000, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0042]    [0042]FIGS. 1-3 illustrate one embodiment of the internal components of the dispenser. Cover  16  is joined to the upper housing via seal  24 . Seal  24  is provided with a downwardly extending tab  26  that terminates in a horizontally extending portion that locks into undercut  28  on the upper housing 14 . Seal  24  can be any conventional sealing mechanism such as compression or interference fit. Alternatively, an elastomeric material can be overmolded over the region to be sealed in accordance with the principles discussed elsewhere in this disclosure.  
         [0043]    In a further embodiment, the upper housing  14  is provided with ribs  30  that line the interior of the upper housing, which extend into the interior thereof. The ribs  30  help maintain the tablets in single-tablet thickness.  
         [0044]    In a further embodiment, the lower housing  12  is joined to the upper housing  14  via seal  18 , formed of LDPE or other suitable material. The seal  18  can be any type of seal that results in a moisture tight sealing arrangements for container and cap assemblies. Alternatively, an elastomeric material can be overmolded over the region to be sealed in accordance with the principles discussed elsewhere in this disclosure.  
         [0045]    In another embodiment, the interior of the lower housing  14  is provided with guidepiece  32  that directs the tablet toward the dispensing zone  34 . For example, guidepiece  32  gradually reduces the area in which a tablet can reside as the tablet moves downward through the housing and approaches the dispensing zone  34 . In one specific embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the guidepiece has four regions: a first region  32   a  in which the guidepiece extends horizontally from an endwall  31  to a location in the lower housing, a second region  32   b  in which the guidepiece extends vertically above the dispensing zone for a preselected distance, and a sloped region  32   c  wherein the guidepiece slopes downward as it traverses the horizontal direction from the second region  32   b  to just above the dispensing zone  34 . The guidepiece terminates in a fourth region  32 d which extends vertically and may contact the upper surface of the tablet ejector  36 . A second guidepiece  33  is provided. Guidepiece  33  extends from endwall  31 ′ in three regions  33   a ,  33   b , and  33   c.    
         [0046]    Due to the configuration of the guidepiece as just described, and the assistance of gravity, the tablets follow a path as they descend through a region having a gradually decreasing area, to a point where a tablet T 2  is positioned just above the dispensing zone.  
         [0047]    In one embodiment relating to an ejector, A tablet T 1  in the dispensing zone is at rest on platform  35 , placing it between the ejector  36  and lip seal  22 . The tablet ejector  36  is positioned below the guidepiece  32 . The tablet ejector has a length dimension that extends from the endwall  31  where the ejector  36  is activated to the dispensing zone  34 . A spring  40  is formed unitary with the ejector  36 , and extends vertically away from the ejector, from a location near the endwall  31  to a location where the spring contacts the second region  32   b  of the guidepiece  32 . Also, a trigger guide  42  that rises from the bottom wall  38  of the lower housing  12  is provided. The trigger guide may be provided with a slot that resides between two prongs  42   a  (not shown), or, as shown in FIG. 3, the ejector may be provided with a forked bottom that receives the blade of the trigger guide. In any event, the trigger guide maintains the ejector in a straight path as it travels from the rest position the eject position.  
         [0048]    In yet another embodiment, the lower housing  12  is formed of two regions: a substantially moisture impermeable plastic region and an elastomeric region  20 , such as EPDM, (e.g. commercially available under the trade name Santoprene). For example, the lower housing may be over-molded either in a two-shot injection molding machine or made in two injection molding processes (that is, injection mold the plastic in mold  1 , then over-mold the elastomeric material in mold  2 ). In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the elastomeric region  20  covers the sidewalls at the end where the ejector is activated, and at the opposite end where the slit  22  is located. The elastomeric material (or suitable comparable material) is sufficiently deformable so that the user can impart a sufficient force to the ejector so as to activate it and thus, the tablet can then moved through the slit and be ejected.  
         [0049]    In one specific embodiment of the operation of one embodiment of the dispenser of the present invention, a user presses on the endwall  31  of the lower housing  22  where the ejector is located. A force is transmitted through the elastomer  20 , and the ejector  36  is moved into the dispensing zone  34 , where it contacts a tablet and forces it out of the slit  22  in the elastomeric material  20  on the opposite endwall  31 ′. At this time, the ejector is in the extended position and prevents any other tablet from entering the dispensing zone. As the ejector is moved into the dispensing zone  34 , the spring  40 , which is unitary with the ejector, goes into compression and stores energy. Once the user ceases to apply a dispensing force, the spring  40  pushes against the second portion  32   b  of the guidepiece  32 , releasing its energy and returning the spring to the original position. When the ejector is retracted, a tablet drops into the dispensing zone for the next dispense cycle.  
         [0050]    In yet another embodiment, the ejector may be provided with vertically extending positive stop  41  that can provide an impediment to further travel of the ejector when it comes into contact with stop  32   e  that extends from the guidepiece  32 .  
         [0051]    In one example, the slit  22 , which is formed in the endwall  31 ′, is a lip seal that is moisture-tight throughout the dispenser use life.  
         [0052]    In another embodiment, shown in FIGS. 17-20, a housing  12 ′ has a major portion  14 ′ and a sidewall  16 ′, which assembles to the major portion in the same manner in which the cover  16  assembles to the upper housing  14 , as discussed in relation to FIGS. 1-5.  
         [0053]    In yet another embodiment, The interior of the dispenser of this embodiment is the same as the interior for FIGS. 1-5. A region of deformable, moisture tight material (e.g. elastomer) covers the portion of the ejector where the ejector is actuated. The ejector button  37 ′ is provided with a bulbous shape.  
         [0054]    As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 18, the sidewall  16 ′ has a wall portion  17 ′ provided with horizontally extending end portions  19 ′ that extend along the inner walls of the major portion  14 ′ of the housing  12 ′, when the sidewall  16 ′ is assembled in the housing  12 ′. The ends of the horizontally extending portions  19  are covered with elastomer  21  ′ to provide a seal with the inner walls of the major portion  14 ′. The wall portion  17 ′ is provided with the lip seal  22 ′ through which the tablet is dispensed. The wall portion  17 ′ is joined to the horizontally extending portions  19  at point along the horizontally extending portions  19  that is between the ends of said portions. Thus, when the sidewall  16 ′ is assembled to the major portion  14 ′, the wall portion is recessed, residing within the volume defined by the major portion. Further, as shown in FIG. 20, the recessed portion is provided with tapered walls  27 ′ that reduce the area of the recess into which the tablet is dispensed.  
         [0055]    [0055]FIG. 21 shows another embodiment for an ejector assembly that can be substituted for the ejector assembly shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 1-5. Here, ejector  36 ″ is maintained in a compartment that may not be moisture tight, that is defined in part by the guidepiece. A vertically extending guidepiece portion  32   b ″ having a deformable membrane  35  is positioned between the ejector  36 ″ and the dispensing zone  34 ″. The elastomeric membrane is deformable when the ejector is actuated and contacts the tablet and pushes the tablet out of the dispenser.  
         [0056]    Another embodiment, shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, employs a variation on a dispenser zone arrangement, and does not employ an elastomeric material. The upper housing, lower housing, cover and seal may be constructed as described above, except as modified by the following disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, a pair of guidepiece components  32 ′ and  32 ″, one of positive slope, the other of negative slope, are located at the bottom of the lower housing. As a result of this arrangement, the guidepieces will direct tablets to the dispensing zone. Below the lower housing is a dispensing plunger positioned within the housing at the lower end thereof. The dispensing plunger has a bottom  51  provided with an opening  56  through which pills exit the dispenser.  
         [0057]    The dispensing plunger  50  includes first and second sides  52  and  54 . The second side  54  extends substantially vertical. The first side  52  of the dispensing plunger  50  is provided with a vertical portion  52   a , a curved portion  52   b  and a sloped portion  52   c , which leads the tablets to the dispensing position. A stationary block  58  is mounted on the interior side of the first side  52 , below the guidepiece  32 ″. The lower ends of the guidepiece components  32   a ″ and  32   b ″ terminate above the dispensing zone. An opening  62  between the guidepieces is positioned at the top of a chute  64 , into which tablets queue up single-file for dispensing. The chute is bounded on one side by the sidewall  52  and the other side by stationary block  58 .  
         [0058]    The lower end of the lower housing is provided with a double wall arrangement, which resembles a pair of forked prongs  66 , which receive a complimentary pair of forked prongs  68  that extend upward from the double sidewall arrangement of the dispensing plunger  50 . As shown in FIG. 7, the prongs  66  and  68  are frictionally engaged with each other. The lower housing  66  is further provided with a spring seat  69 , in which seat the end of a spring  67  resides. The spring  67  biases the dispensing plunger downward, in its extended position.  
         [0059]    In one embodiment, to dispense a tablet from the dispenser, the user pushes the bottom  51  of the dispensing plunger  50  upward from the extended position, causing the tablet to press against the stationary block, and be ejected through the moisture-tight lip seal  57  in second sidewall  54 . The tablet then drops through the opening  56 . Once the user ceases to apply the dispensing force, the spring returns the dispensing plunger to the extended position.  
         [0060]    Another embodiment of a moisture tight dispenser is shown in FIGS. 8-13. This dispenser is may be used for spherical or round-shaped tablets. The upper housing  99  is an injection-molded component which may be constructed of a substantial moisture impermeable material (e.g. polypropylene or polyethylene). In another embodiment, the outer surface of the upper cover may be made of a substantial moisture impermeable material and the inner surface may be overmolded with desiccant plastic, using a desiccant polymer blend such as the ones disclosed in such as the desiccant plastic formulations disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,911,937, 6,214,255, 6,130,263, 6,080,350 and 6,174,952, 6,124,006, 6,221,446 and U.S. Ser. No. 09/504,029, filed Feb. 14, 2000, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. For example, the two material part may be made in a two shot injection molded process.  
         [0061]    As shown, the upper housing has a top surface  101  and a sidewall  102  that depends downwardly from the top surface. The housing has an oval shape. However, this is a design choice and other shapes may be selected. The upper cover  102  is provided with slots  103 , with two on each side of the housing, although just one set is shown in the Figures. The slots are used in the assembly of the dispenser mechanism, in order to join all of the components.  
         [0062]    The dispenser mechanism  104  is constructed of two components: a base component  105  sized and dimensioned to fit within the upper housing (as shown in the Figures, it is oval shaped), and an elastomeric top surface  106  that extends around the circumference of the top surface is sealed over the base component. The base component  105  may be molded of a substantial moisture impermeable material polypropylene or polyethylene. The elastomeric top surface may be formed of an elastomeric seal material, such as EPDM, commercially available under the trade name Santoprene. The base component  105  is provided with tabs  107  that project out from the sidewalls of the base component. The tabs  107  are positioned and sized so that when the dispenser is assembled, the tabs will enter and become engaged in the slots  103  on the upper housing. Likewise, a second set of tabs  108  are provided that are sized and dimensioned to become engaged in slots  118  provided on the lower housing  120 .  
         [0063]    The assembly of the upper cover and the dispenser mechanism forms the reservoir. That is, the tablets fill the interior of the upper housing, with the reservoir&#39;s bottom surface being the top surface  106  of the dispenser mechanism. The elastomeric top surface  106  creates a moisture-tight seal in the upper housing.  
         [0064]    The elastomeric top surface  106  has a funnel shape that, at its lowest portion, has an opening  109  that is sized so that tablets can drop into a tube  110  that extends downward from the opening  109 , into the lower housing  120  of the dispenser. In one embodiment, he tube is constructed of two materials: (1) a harder plastic material such as PP or PE, and, on its trigger facing side, the tube is formed of (2) a relatively deformable elastomer. The ends of the tube are constructed of elastomer to form a moisture-tight seal with the door  118 . See FIG. 9. The plastic provides rigidity and the elastomer allows the tube to be partially deformed during the dispensing action, as will be explained in detail below. The tube is appropriately dimensioned on its interior so that tablets move through it single file.  
         [0065]    Lower housing  120  is provided with a bottom surface  121  and a sidewall  122  that depends upward from the bottom surface  120 . Inner walls  123  are provided along the sides of the inner sidewalls. Though only one inner wall  123  is shown in FIG. 9, an inner wall also is provided against the sidewall in the foreground. Inner wall has a horizontal surface  124  and a sloped surface  125 .  
         [0066]    The trigger  111  is provided with a push button  112 , a platform  113  that extends from the push button  112  into the interior of the dispenser, a vertical support  114  that is mounted to the platform  113 , on which support  114  is mounted a spring  115  and pushing element  116 . The platform  113  is further provided with guide elements  117  that extend out from the sides of the platform. At the end of the platform is a door  118  that extends further into the interior of the dispenser. The upper surface of the door is provided with a truncated cone  119 . A pair of guide elements  117 ′ extend out from the door  118 . The push button, platform, vertical support, spring, and pushing element may be constructed of polypropylene or a polyethylene. The door and truncated cone may be constructed of an elastomer such as acetal POM.  
         [0067]    As shown in FIG. 10, the door  118  of the trigger  111 , in conjunction with the truncated cone  119 , are positioned over and in the opening of the tube  110 , thereby forming a moisture-tight seal that substantially reduces the ingress of moisture into the tube and into the tablet reservoir above the tube. The pushing element  116 , which is also part of the trigger mechanism, is positioned adjacent the tube, and specifically, adjacent a location of the tube that is formed of the relatively soft elastomeric material. Also, the guide elements  117 ,  117 ′ of the trigger mechanism are at rest on the horizontal portion  124  of the inner sidewalls  123  provided on the lower housing, just adjacent the sloped portion  125  of the inner sidewalls.  
         [0068]    The dispenser is operated as follows. The force of gravity causes tablets to fall into the tube. A bottom-most tablet rests at the bottom of tube, on the door  118 . The button of the trigger mechanism is pushed into the dispenser. The entire trigger mechanism moves in the direction in which the force is applied. The guide elements  117 ′ of the door  118  move down the sloped surface, causing the door to open. As the door opens, a tablet is dispensed out of the tube. The tablet drops into the lower housing and out through an opening (not shown) that is provided therein. Simultaneous to the opening of the door, the pusher element  116  of the trigger element contacts the tube and exerts a force to the relatively soft elastomeric material of the tube, thereby deforming the elastomeric region, as best seen in FIG. 11. The inward deforming of the tube reduces the size of the tube, thereby preventing the tablets other than the one resting on the door from being dispensed. This insures that only one tablet is dispensed for each application of dispensing force. After the tablet is dispensed, the dispensing force is removed, and the biasing spring returns the trigger mechanism to the rest position. The door again seals the bottom of the tube, and the pusher element retracts from the tube. The tablet that had been restrained from dropping down when the tube was deformed then falls onto the door.  
         [0069]    In one embodiment, pusher element  116  is shown as having a cross shape in FIG. 9. Alternatively, pusher element  116 ′ may take a serpentine shape (FIG. 12). A further alternative is to employ a pusher element  116 ″ that has a V-shaped notch. In this embodiment, the tube may be modified so that the elastomeric regions of the tube are lateral to the tube side that faces the pusher element. When activated, the sides of the V-shaped notch contact and deform the elastomeric regions of the tube. This arrangement is shown in FIG. 13.  
         [0070]    In a fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 14-16, the dispenser  200  is provided with a cover  202 , a housing  204 , and a trigger mechanism  206 . An elastomeric seal may be overmolded where the cover joins the housing to provide a moisture-tight seal. The interior of the housing is provided with a sloped guidepiece or guidepieces  208 ,  208 ′ that direct tablets, with the aid of gravity, to an opening at the top of a chute  210  having sidewalls  212 ,  214  formed of a soft elastomeric material, in which the tablets queue up for one-at-a-time dispensing. The ends of the guidepieces  208 ,  208 ′ are overmolded with the elastomeric material that forms the tube sidewalls  212 ,  214  in order to form a moisture-tight seal. On the bottom side  220  of the housing, an opening  222  is provided through which tablets can be dispensed.  
         [0071]    The trigger mechanism  206  includes a button  223  positioned on the end wall  219  that is opposed to the backstop. A guide element  224 , which extends along the bottom side  220  of the housing, is joined to the button  223 . The guide element  224  has an opening  235 , substantially the same size as the opening  222  in the housing. The guide element  224  is further provided with a vertically extending backstop  216 . A pusher element  226  extends horizontally from the button  223  towards the sidewall  214  of the tube. A spring  228  extends from the pusher element towards a spring force receiving member  230  that depends downward from the bottom side of the guidepiece  208 . The guide element  224  of the trigger mechanism  206  extends horizontally along the bottom side  220  of the housing.  
         [0072]    When the trigger mechanism  206  is in the rest position, the ends of the sidewalls  212 ,  214  and the backstop  216  are sealingly engaged with each other, so that moisture entering the tube is substantially reduced. Also, when the trigger mechanism is in the rest position, the opening  325  in the guide element  224  is offset from the opening  222  in the bottom wall of the housing.  
         [0073]    The housing can be constructed of a substantially moisture impermeanble plastic. An elastomeric seal can be over molded at the location where the cover  202  joins the housing, in order to provide a moisture tight seal at that location. For example, the housing can be constructed of PP or PE that is further provided with an overmolded elastomeric seal that covers the trigger mechanism  206 . The elastomeric material also forms the tube in which tablets line prior to being dispensed. For example, the trigger can be constructed of PP or PE, with Acetal POM overmolded on all surfaces. The spring element of the trigger can be constructed of PP or PE.  
         [0074]    Tablets are dispensed in the following manner. The trigger is in the rest position, and a tablet is located at the lowermost region of the tube. A moisture-tight seal is provided between the ends of the tube and the backstop. When the trigger is depressed, the guide piece moves away from end wall  219 , which causes backstop  216  to move away from the ends of the tube  212 ,  214 . As this is occurring, the opening  235  in the guide element  224  moves toward the opening  222  in the housing and aligns therewith. As a result of these actions, a tablet drops out of the tube and through the aligned openings. Also, at this same time, the pusher element  226  contacts the tube wall  214 , and, since that portion of the tube is formed of a relatively soft elastomeric material, the tube is deformed by the inward movement of the pusher element, preventing additional tablets from exiting through the dispensing hole.  
         [0075]    When the trigger is depressed and moves inward, the spring element  228  stores energy. When the user of the dispenser no longer applies a dispensing force, the energy in the spring element causes the trigger element to return to the rest position. The pusher retracts from the tube, returning the pusher to its original shape and position, Also, the backstop returns to the moisture-tight sealing position with the end of the tubes portions  212 ,  214  as the guide element  224  retracts. Another tablet will assume the lowermost position, and will be the next tablet dispensed.  
         [0076]    [0076]FIGS. 22-26 show another embodiment in which the dispenser is provided with a housing  300  that, on its interior, is provided with a triangular shaped walls  301 ,  302  of positive and negative slope in which the triangular walls slope towards the middle and converge at a dispensing zone  304 . The housing is dimensioned so that the interior of the dispenser is approximately one tablet wide. Gravity, in conjunction with the triangular shaped bottom of the dispenser, directs the tablets into the dispensing zone  304 . Alternatively, the bottom of the housing can be provided with the triangular shaped walls, and the dispensing zone can extend down from between the triangular shaped walls.  
         [0077]    The housing can be formed of a substantially moisture impermeable material such as. PP or PE. One side of the dispensing zone  304  is provided with a button  306 , formed of a relatively elastomeric material. The opposite side of the cavity is provided with an opening  308  sized to allow a tablet to pass out of the cavity. A door  310  that is joined to the cavity by a hinge  312  covers the opening. Optionally, as shown in FIG. 23 a thin diaphragm layer  314  may be provided between the opening and the door.  
         [0078]    To dispense a tablet, the user presses on the elastomeric button  306 . The force is transferred to the tablet, which presses against the door  308 , forcing it open and then forcing the tablet out of the opening. Once the tablet exits the dispenser, the user pushes the door shut. The next tablet drops into position, and will be dispensed when the user is ready to dispense it.  
         [0079]    In yet another embodiment, the button is formed of a material other than an elastomer. For example, the button can be formed of LDPE. Also, the LDPE button can be molded into a relatively thinner plastic region, when compared to the thickness of the plastic of the sidewalls of the container and of the wall thickness of the other portions of the dispensing zone. With this structural arrangement, the dispenser can be formed in a one shot molding operation.  
         [0080]    In a further embodiment, FIG. 24 shows a pusher element  320  having a structure that includes spokes  324  arrayed around a hub  322  and joined thereto. The pusher element is positioned in the interior of the dispensing zone, between the button and, when the item is in the dispensing zone, the item to be dispensed. The pusher element is joined to the perimeter of the housing. The pusher element is immediately adjacent to, if not abutting, the button. When a force is applied to the exterior side of the button, force is transferred to the pusher element, which pushes against the tablet and dispenses it from the cavity in the manner described above.  
         [0081]    [0081]FIG. 25 shows one embodiment of the dispenser of preceding figures in an open position, suitable for loading. The dispenser is provided with first half  340  and second half  342 , joined by a hinge  344  can be loaded by placing the dispenser in a flat, open position in which tablets are placed in a one-thickness-deep arrangement in one of the halves of the dispenser. The half of the dispenser not containing the tablets is closed on the half containing the tablets. The two halves can be provided with any of the structural arrangements described in this application for maintaining the joined components in a together.  
         [0082]    [0082]FIG. 25 also shows the dispenser provided with a moisture-tight lip seal  343  through which tablets are dispensed. Lip seals have been described earlier in this disclosure.  
         [0083]    In another embodiment, the dispensing zone  304  is provided with a removable covering that provides evidence of whether the dispenser has been tampered with. There are several arrangements for effecting this. As shown in another embodiment, FIG. 27, the tamper evident seal can be a disc  328  that is attached to the perimeter of the  321  opening in wall by elements  330  spaced between perforations  333 . See FIG. 27A. The elements  330  are broken when the tab portion  332 , which is joined to the disc, is pulled away.  
         [0084]    In yet another arrangement, shown in FIG. 26, a removable cross  334  is provided over the opening. The cross can be joined to the backing material with the elements and perforations described above. The cross is joined to a pull tab, which when pulled, removes the cross from the backing material, leaving a cross shaped opening through which tablets can be ejected.