Abstract:
A method for identifying a terminal in a wireless data transmission system. The system comprises a first device, which comprises a first device-specific device identifier and a general device name, and a second device, which is configured to store name identifier in its memory. The first device identifier and the general device name are informed to the second device. A list of received device names is shown to the user in the second device. The second device is arranged to link device identifier to the name identifier stored in the memory. The first device identifier is compared with the device identifiers linked to the name identifiers in the second device and the name identifier linked to the device identifiers corresponding to the first device identifier is selected and shown in place of the device name on the list drawn up of the device names.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to identification of a terminal in a system providing short-range wireless data transmission. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     As wireless technology becomes more and more common in communication between various electronic devices, user interface design faces new problems and challenges. The technology used, when a device communicates with and transfers data to other devices in a local area, is conventionally based on various cables. A widely used solution in short-range wireless data transmission is IrDA (Infrared Data Association) technology. IrDA is based on infrared transmission, whereby visual communication must be possible between the parties and so the distance is limited. Other short-range wireless data transmission technologies include e.g. Bluetooth, WLAN (IEEE 802.11 standard), BRAN (HiperLAN 1/2) and Home RF. 
     Bluetooth operates in the frequency range of 2.4 GHz, and currently, the Bluetooth range is a few tens of metres at normal power. One application area is to replace cables and the necessity of visual communication by Bluetooth technology in data transmission between devices, such as wireless mobile stations, portable computers, cameras and headphones. The Bluetooth solution is also used in home automation applications with limited visual communication. In both application areas it is likely that the environment comprises a plurality of Bluetooth devices, in addition to the desired one, with which a connection could be established. Identification of various devices poses a problem. 
     As a connection is established, the device transmits an inquiry to the environment, to which inquiry all attainable Bluetooth devices reply. The device replying to the inquiry always transmits in a feedback message its own device address (BD_ADDR), and in some cases, its name. The Bluetooth device address (BD_ADDR) is device-specific, and it is expressed in a hexadecimal form. The device name (Bluetooth name), in turn, is generally defined on the device level, for instance, as ‘My phone’ or ‘Nokia 6210’. Because the hexadecimal Bluetooth address is not very illustrative to the user, the Bluetooth names of the devices that replied to the inquiry are informed to the user. 
     A problem with the above-described arrangement is a situation, where there are several similar devices in the environment. A plurality of devices then have the same device-level name, and a list of the devices in the environment provided to the user comprises several identical names. Hence, the user is not provided with sufficient information to be able to select the exactly right device, but in the worst case the user must go through all the alternatives appearing under the same name, in order to establish a connection to the desired device. For the user this is a slow and laborious solution and the requirements of good usability are not achieved thereby. Because Bluetooth is still relatively new technology, hardly any practical solutions to this problem have been implemented. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the invention is to provide a method and equipment implementing the method such that the above problems can be solved. This is achieved with a method, a device and a system, which are characterized by what is disclosed in the independent claims. The preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims. 
     The invention is based on identifying a device in a shortrange wireless data transmission system, for instance, by means of a device-specific device identifier and a general device name, which the device transmits when establishing a connection. The received device names constitute a list, which is displayed to the user. The received device identifier can be linked to the name identifier stored in a memory of a receiving device. If the received device identifier is linked to the name identifier, said name identifier is presented on the list of device names, instead of the device name. 
     The most basic name identifier (an electronic business card) comprises at least one field, the name. The business card can be extended to comprise a plurality of different fields. Most commonly, at least one telephone number is added to the business card, but there are several options for expansion. For instance, it is possible to add a plurality of telephone numbers, fax numbers, a postal address, a title, an e-mail address, URL or a text field (note). It is also possible to add an image or a personalized ringing tone to the business card. According to the invention, at least one device identifier field, e.g. a BT address field, can be added to the electronic business card. 
     An advantage with the method and the device of the invention is that the device is easier to use in the connection establishment. The method provides a user-friendly way to present the devices in the environment that are ready for the connection establishment and thus to facilitate the selection made by the user. By means of the method it is possible to eliminate connection establishments with wrong devices, and correspondingly, to expedite connection establishment with the right device. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the following the invention will be described in greater detail in connection with the preferred embodiments, with reference to the attached drawings, wherein 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an electronic device according to one preferred embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates basic states of a Bluetooth link (BTL) state machine in connection establishment; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates an example of signalling between Bluetooth devices prior to the connection establishment; 
         FIG. 4  is a flow chart of adding a Bluetooth address to the name data according to one preferred embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 5   a  is a user interface view showing a list of devices on the basis of information obtained from an inquiry made to the environment, in accordance with the prior art; and 
         FIG. 5   b  is a user interface view showing a list of devices on the basis of information obtained from an inquiry made to the environment, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the following, the invention will be described, by way of example, applied to Bluetooth technology. However, it is apparent to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to said technology, but it can also be applied to other corresponding technologies, such as WLAN, BRAN and HomeRF, and to new short-range wireless data transmission systems to be developed in the future. 
       FIG. 1  shows a block diagram of an electronic device (ED) according to one preferred embodiment of the invention, which device can be e.g. a wireless mobile station, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) device or a laptop computer. 
     The electronic device (ED) comprises a central unit (CPU), a memory (MEM) and an I/O system (I/O). All the necessary data is stored in the memory (MEM) of the device. The memory (MEM) comprises a read memory portion, which can be e.g. ROM memory, and a write memory portion, which can consist of e.g. RAM (Random Access Memory) and/or FLASH memory. The device communicates with other devices, the network and the user by means of the I/O system (I/O). A user interface (UI), which is part of the I/O system (I/O), comprises an interface necessary for communicating with the user, such as a display, a keypad, a loudspeaker and/or a microphone. Because the electronic device (ED) is provided with Bluetooth technology, the I/O system (I/O) also comprises a Bluetooth link (BTL). The data received from the different components of the device are conveyed to the central unit (CPU), which processes the data in the desired manner. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates the basic states of a Bluetooth link (BTL) state machine in the connection establishment. The Bluetooth technology is based on master-slave architecture. A Bluetooth pico network consists of one master, which may have at least one and at most seven active slaves (possibly more in the future). It is also possible to change masters within the pico network. 
     The Bluetooth link can be either in a standby mode (‘Standby’)  202  or in an active mode (‘Connection’)  204 . When a Bluetooth device is switched on, the link (BTL) automatically gets into the standby mode  202 , which is at the same time a power saving mode. The device can establish a connection to a second device, i.e. get into the active mode  204 , through various intermediate modes (such as ‘Inquiry’  206 , ‘Page’  208  or ‘Master response’  210 ). The employed intermediate mode depends on the role of the device, whether it desires to act as the master or a slave after establishing the connection, and whether the device is ready to receive messages or actively transmit them. The figure shows only some of the seven optional intermediate modes. In the active mode  204  the slave locks its reception to the master&#39;s clock and hopping sequence. In the active mode  204  the device can assume a plurality of different operating levels. 
       FIG. 3  shows an example of signalling between two Bluetooth devices prior to the actual connection establishment. The Bluetooth device can be e.g. a wireless mobile station, a PDA device, a laptop computer, an accessory connectable thereto, such as a wireless headset or a printer. 
     Device A desires to establish a connection to device B and transmits an inquiry to the environment  300 . The inquiry can be a ‘General Inquiry’ (GIAC), for instance. By GIAC the device can find out the devices in the environment, which are ready to establish a connection. The devices ready for connection (B and B′) transmit in response an ‘Inquiry_res’ message  302 . Correspondingly, device B″ is not ready for connection establishment, and consequently it does not reply to the inquiry. In connection with the inquiry, device A, which sent out the inquiry, receives information on the addresses (BD_ADDR) and the clock of the other devices (B and B′). The device address is a device-specific identifier of the Bluetooth device and it is expressed in hexadecimal form, for instance, ‘000DF0BABE69’ or ‘00:0D:F0:BA:BE:69’. The length of the Bluetooth address in the baseband layer is 48 bits, and correspondingly, in the UI layer  12  hexadecimal characters. 
     When device A has received responses from the devices (B and B′) in the environment, it can draw up a list of the surrounding devices  304  by utilizing the device-specific Bluetooth addresses (BD_ADDR). Because BD_ADDR in the hexadecimal form is not obvious to the user, it is not useful to show the list directly in this form on the display. According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, at this stage, the device can browse through the BD_ADDRs stored in the memory and retrieve the personal data associated therewith. If the Bluetooth addresses of the devices (B and B′) are not provided with name data, an ‘LMP_name_req’ message  306  is transmitted to devices B and B′. This message inquires about the device&#39;s user-friendly name (BT name), by which the device can also present itself. The BT name is a character string, which can be e.g. ‘My phone’ or ‘Nokia 6210’. At the maximum, it may comprise 248 characters, but depending on the characteristics and limitations, such as a small display, of the receiving device, only 20 first characters thereof may be used. The BT name is returned in connection with the ‘LMP_name_res’ message  308 , in response to the ‘LMP_name_req’ inquiry  306  transmitted by device A. Thereafter, device A can create a list of devices (B and B′) on the basis of the BT names and name data associated with the BD_ADDRs  310 . 
     Depending on the technology used, a device-specific device identifier and a general device name may sometimes be identical, and in that case the device transmits only one identifier associated with the device in the call establishment. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates, by means of a flow chart, how a Bluetooth address is added to the name data according to one preferred embodiment of the invention. Name data are stored in a memory (MEM) of an electronic device (ED), such as an electronic mobile station, in the same way as in a telephone directory. Thus, the telephone directory consists, at least partly, of name data, such as electronic business cards. At the minimum, the business card comprises a name field, and depending on the type and characteristics of the device, various fields, such as telephone number and address, can be added thereto. According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to add at least one Bluetooth address field to the business card. 
     The user activates the Bluetooth link and device A transmits an inquiry to the environment so as to establish a connection to a second Bluetooth device B  402 . Signalling prior to connection establishment, by using the Bluetooth technology, has been described in connection with  FIG. 3 . After device A has found out the surrounding devices ready for connection establishment, it presents a list of alternative devices  404  to the user. Device A checks whether any of the found devices has a Bluetooth address linked to the name data. On the device list, a name field and a possible identifier of the name data are presented to the devices linked to the name data. The devices whose addresses are not linked to the name data are inquired about their Bluetooth names, and the obtained data are used for the device list.  FIG. 5   b  shows an example of a user interface, where a device list drawn up in the above-described manner is displayed to the user. 
     From the list the user selects device B, with which the connection is to be established  406 . To create a trusted connection the devices can exchange Bluetooth PINs  408 , if there is no previous connection between the devices. On the user interface level, the Bluetooth PIN is known as ‘Bluetooth Passkey’. PIN is employed to create a trusted connection between the devices. It can be stored in the memory of the device, or the user can be asked about it on the user interface level. The exchange of PINs is not obligatory, and its use depends on the case and the data to be transmitted. Thereafter, the actual connection can be established between device A and device B. 
     If the Bluetooth address of device B, with which the connection has been established, is already added to the name data  410 , the process proceeds with the functions  418  desired by the user. If the device identifier of device B is not linked to the name data  410 , the user is offered a possibility to link the Bluetooth address of device B to the name data in the telephone directory  412 . The user is shown a list of the name data stored in the telephone directory. If the desired user data are already stored in the name data, the user selects them from the telephone directory list for the existing business card. Device A gives the necessary feedback on the selection to the user  416  and thereafter the linked Bluetooth address will also be indicated in connection with the name data. However, if the user does not desire to link device B data to any name data, the user can select to proceed without the linkage, e.g. by means of a menu command. The necessary feedback thereon  416  is also given to the user. A third alternative is that the user desires to link the device B data to the name data not previously stored in device A. In that case, it is possible for the user to create new name data  414 , for instance by means of menu commands, to which name data the Bluetooth address of device B will be linked. Feedback thereon is also given to the user  416 , and the name data will subsequently appear in the telephone directory. After the feedback given to the user, it is possible to proceed with the functions desired by the user  418 . According to one preferred embodiment it is also possible to show in the name data a character, e.g. an icon, indicating the linked Bluetooth address. 
     When device A, which established the connection, is provided with a possibility to link the device identifier with the name data, correspondingly, device B, to which the connection was established, can be provided with a possibility to link the device data of device A with the name data. Advantageously, this can be implemented in the above-described manner ( 410  to  418 ). 
     According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the user is provided with a possibility to add the Bluetooth address of his/her own device to the user data of said device automatically. The name identifiers are stored in the memory (MEM) of the device like in a telephone directory. The telephone directory comprises a name identifier also for the user&#39;s own data, so-called user data. The user of the device himself is able to enter the personal data, which include at least the user&#39;s name, in the user data. The user data, like the other name identifiers, may also comprise other data. According to the embodiment, the settings associated with the user data provide a possibility to associate the Bluetooth address (BD_ADDR) with the user data of one&#39;s own. After the user has activated this feature, for instance through the ‘settings’ menu, the device adds its own address (BD_ADDR) to be one field in the user data. So, when the user transmits his business card (user data) to a second device, the Bluetooth address (BD_ADDR) accompanies the card. 
       FIGS. 5   a  and  5   b  show a list of devices, which is displayed to the user on the basis of the information received from the inquiry made in the environment.  FIG. 5   a  shows a list, where the devices are presented by means of the Bluetooth names (BT name). When there are a plurality of similar devices in the environment, the list comprises several identical BT names. In that case the user does not necessarily know which device on the list is the one to which (s)he would like to establish a connection.  FIG. 5   b  shows a corresponding list according to one preferred embodiment of the invention. The device data of some devices in the vicinity have been stored in advance in connection with the name identifier, and these data are utilized in drawing up the list. The list shows some of the devices by the name field of the name identifier. 
     For instance, the user desires to establish a connection to the mobile station of Olli Jansson. The Bluetooth name of Olli&#39;s mobile station is ‘My Phone’. In  FIG. 5   a , Olli&#39;s mobile phone appears on the list as ‘My phone’ among the devices with the same name. From the three ‘My phone’ alternatives the user cannot select for certain the telephone of Olli Jansson. In  FIG. 5   b , the user has previously linked the device data of Olli&#39;s mobile station, the Bluetooth address, to his name data, and, in place of ‘My Phone’, the list shows Olli Jansson, which was picked up from the name field of Olli&#39;s business card. The user is now immediately able to select the correct mobile station from the list, and the connection will be established with the correct device. This enables faster connection establishment with fewer errors. 
     According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the BT address linked to the name identifier (e.g. electronic business card) behaves in a corresponding manner as the other fields of the business card. So, when the user forwards a business card (own user data or a business card of another user in his/her telephone directory), it will be accompanied by the BT address. The user can be provided with a possibility to decide on the number and selection of the fields, for instance through the transmission settings menu. Thus, the BT address field is only transmitted when the user has so defined in the settings. 
     There are situations, where the user desires to link the device identifiers of a plurality of various devices to one name identifier (e.g. electronic business card). This situation arises, for instance, when a person (e.g. Olli Jansson) has a mobile station, a headset to be used therewith and a laptop computer. The user does not desire to create several business cards in the name of Olli Jansson but prefers to link all identifiers of the devices in his possession under one single name. One preferred embodiment of the invention enables linkage of a plurality of BT address fields to one business card. Thus, it is advantageous to provide the user with a possibility to enter in the fields an additional identifier, by which the different Bluetooth devices of a given user can be distinguished, for instance, ‘GSM’, ‘laptop’ or ‘headset’. The additional identifier can be represented either as a text or as an image, for instance, by means of an icon. When the additional identifier is used, the device list shows an additional qualifier linked to the field, in addition to the name data, which further facilitates the identification of the device. Textual and iconic representations can be used together, whereby a textual additional qualifier is of particular assistance when one user has a plurality of devices of the same category (e.g. mobile telephone) at his/her disposal. When icons are used, it is easier to distinguish between the devices of different types, but when the same person has several mobile telephones, all the telephones show the same icon. In that case, an additional textual qualifier, which is added to the field and by which the distinction between the telephones (work, home, cottage, etc.) can be made, facilitates the connection establishment. 
     It is apparent to the person skilled in the art that as technology progresses the basic idea of the invention can be implemented in a variety of ways. Thus, the invention and its embodiments are not restricted to the above-described examples but they may vary within the scope of the claims.