Abstract:
A method and system for monitoring usage of a utility at a remote location by a central station and incorporates a real time method for optimizing energy costs operationally by combining optimization algorithms and real time pricing data to lower costs to the energy user. The system includes a meter reading module for determining an amount of usage at the remote location and generating a data signal indicative of the determined amount of usage and a personal computer (PC) located at the remote location and connected to the meter reading module. The PC is connectable to the internet for receiving and storing the data signal from the meter reading module for transmission to a processor located at the central location via the internet. The meter reading module is connected to one of an electrical, gas or water meter. The processor determines an amount of usage of the utility based upon the data signal. The meter reading module is connected to the PC via one of a hardwired connection, X-10 technology or sent over existing telephone lines. The processor is able to generate a bill based upon a determined amount of usage and transmit the bill to the PC in the form of one of an e-mail message, Internet browser or other Internet related technologies. Payment of the bill by the PC at the remote location is performed automatically over the Internet via online banking protocols or other internet related payment technologies.

Description:
[0001]    This application is subject to U.S. provisional application serial No. 60/213,070, filed Jun. 21, 2000 and please incorporate by reference all information in referenced provisional application into this instant application. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for obtaining measurement data from metering systems, such as those for measuring electric, gas and water use and, more particularly, to a method of transferring data obtained over the Internet, the data being used for optimizing customer energy use via a set of optimizing algorithms in a real time framework.  
           [0004]    The present invention further relates to a new and unique type of e-commerce enabling an internet company to use the existing internet as a structural backbone and communications conduit, to save money for both energy users and producers by utilizing the capabilities of an internet company to act as an internet portal between consumers at all levels and energy and power producers.  
           [0005]    2. Description of the Prior Art  
           [0006]    Numerous types automatic meter readers have been provided in the prior art wherein a signal from the meter is recorded and then transferred to a utility company. Most devices optically read the meter wheel as it revolves. Utility and other companies that provide electricity, gas and water have used a combination of technologies to perform these services such as hand held systems, optical systems, driveby systems, hard wired systems and even the power distribution line themselves. Regardless of the system the basic reason for utilization is to increase efficiency and reduce costs by the utility.  
           [0007]    There are several devices and systems in the prior art for remote reading of meters. An example of such a system is described by Lumsden in U.S. Pat. No. 3,922,492. This patent describes a system for remotely reading, storing and transmitting the reading of a meter to a central computer. The computer automatically sends a signal by telephone to interrogate the meter which is fitted with a transponder. The stored information in the transponder is relayed back to the computer.  
           [0008]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,035,772 issued to Takeshi teaches a system in which a central computer terminal is connected to a series of remote computer terminals which have previously stored the meter readings. In Takeshi, the terminals replace the transponders of the Lumsden invention.  
           [0009]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,394,540 issued to Willis uses a coded signal over the telephone network to interrogate a meter reader. This system involves a microprocessor as the meter reader, a telephone isolation device, a call answering device, various detection devices, a data transmitter and a modem.  
           [0010]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,351 issued to Garcia uses a coherent fiber optic link which actually provides a visual signal of each digit of the meter. The visual image is then transferred to a central receiving location.  
           [0011]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,161,182 issued to Merriam details a system in which utility computers are coupled by modem to the individual sites which have meter sending units. Each meter sending unit has a microprocessor which counts the pulses emitted for each unit consumption of power and stores this count in RAM. This count is transformed into a tone which is transmitted over the phone lines to the central computer.  
           [0012]    A wireless telemetry system to provide real time reading and control of meters using the existing wireless networks connecting meter transmitting units and central receiver units is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,748,104 issued to Argyroudis. In the described embodiment the remote metering unit is a basic transceiver coupled to a preexisting conventional electromechanical utility meter by an interface device.  
           [0013]    U.S. Pat. No. 5.459,459 issued to Lee describes an algorithm for reading revenue from an electronic register by reading, tabulating, storing and transmitting the data to a central site.  
           [0014]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,808,558 issued to Meek describes a universal data gathering system that can interact with different types of operating systems. It consists of three elements. The first element is a universal transponder which accumulates the data, the second element is a meter interface unit which connects the transponder to the data gathering system, and the third element is a universal data reader. Each part of the system can be polled by any remote unit which responds with the appropriate protocol. This invention hopes to overcome the diverse operating protocols used by different meter companies.  
           [0015]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,852,658 issued to Knight describes a remote automatic monitoring and recording system which comprises an electronic meter reader, a data concentrator, a telephone interface, a billing computer and a telephone modem. Knight uses three telephone lines to operate the system.  
           [0016]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,767,790 issued to Jovellana also describes an automatic utility meter reader and monitor for electric, gas and water. This invention provides communication from the utility to the meter unit using a standard computer modem link which transmits commands from the utility to the meter reading system. The automatic meter unit has a compiler for interpreting commands from the host computer unit.  
           [0017]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,751,797 issued to Saadeh uses a plurality of computer modems connected to a single computer and to a series of automatic meter reading devices. The single computer sequentially polls each meter reading device using the appropriate modem link. This link allows the system to send control data to the meter reading devices and also allows the meter reading devices to send data back to the central computer.  
           [0018]    Several companies (Cellnet, Aim Technologies, Itron) have developed the technology and devices that allow the energy meter to be read remotely. Most devices read the meter remotely and then transmit the signal either by hardwire, by public telephone, by wireless system, by cellular phone and even by the power transmission wire itself. Currently used technology for transmission of the data read by the meters is shown in FIG. 1. This figure illustrates a power company  10  providing power to a customer via the customer meter  12 . The customer meter  12  monitors the amount of power being provided by the power company  10 . Connected to the customer meter  12  is a meter reading module  14 . The meter reading module  14  reads the customer meter  12  to determine the amount of power used by the customer. The meter reading module  14  then provides a signal indicative of the determined amount of power back to the power generating utility  10 . The signal provided by the meter reading module  14  is provided to the power generating utility via any one of a private hardware network  16 , a wireless communications network  18 , a public communications network  20  and existing electrical power lines  24 . A technology commonly called X-10 technology allows digital signals to be transmitted over the existing electric wiring in the building.  
           [0019]    There are also several companies that are currently using a bill presentment process over the internet where the company sends the customer an e-mail including a bill over the internet. The customer can see and review their bills on the computer screen. This technology is not specifically geared to the utility system but is designed for any type of paper bill and is part of the general evolution to the paper-less society of electronic billing. The Edocs system is designed to utilize existing payment technologies that exist in online commerce today in which the customers can elect to pay their bill using various electronic check and credit card systems.  
           [0020]    While these units may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they would not be as suitable for the purposes of the present invention as heretofore described.  
         SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION  
         [0021]    The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for obtaining measurement data from metering systems, such as those for measuring electric, gas and water use and, more particularly, to a method of transferring data obtained over the Internet, the data being used for optimizing customer energy use via a set of optimizing algorithms in a real time framework.  
           [0022]    A primary object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically reading an electric meter that will overcome the shortcomings of prior art devices.  
           [0023]    Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically reading an electric meter at a customer location and transmitting the meter information to a customer computer and then to the utility or energy company site using the Internet.  
           [0024]    A further object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically reading an electric, natural gas or water meter at the customer location and transmitting the meter information to the customer computer using the existing wiring in the customer location to carry the data signal from the meter to the customer PC.  
           [0025]    A further object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically reading an electric, natural gas or water meter at the customer location and transmitting the meter information to the customer computer using a hard wire connection to carry the data signal from the meter that is read to the customer PC.  
           [0026]    A still further object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically reading an electric, natural gas or water meter at the customer location and transmitting the meter information to the customer computer using existing telephone wires in the building to carry the data signal from the meter that is read to the customer PC.  
           [0027]    A yet further object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically reading an electric, natural gas or water meter at the customer location and transmitting the meter information to the customer computer using wireless technology to carry the data signal from the meter that is read to the customer PC.  
           [0028]    An even further object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically reading a natural gas meter at the customer location and transmitting the meter information to the customer computer and then to the utility or energy company site using the Internet. The natural gas meter can be read directly or by an encoder connected to the device and used to read the electric meter at the customer location.  
           [0029]    Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically reading a water meter at the customer location and transmitting the meter information to the customer computer and then to the utility or energy company site using the Internet. The water meter can be read directly or by an encoder connected to the device and used to read the electric meter at the customer location.  
           [0030]    A still further object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically reading one, two or three meter types simultaneously at the customer location and transmitting the meter information to the customer computer and then to the utility or energy company site using the Internet.  
           [0031]    An even further object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically signaling the customer&#39;s PC, even when the customer&#39;s PC is not connected to the Internet, wherein the utility server calls the customer PC and signals the customer&#39;s machine telephone modem to connect to the Internet, thereby allowing for more efficient use of the internet by utilizing interactive two-way communication between customer and utility. After the PC is connected to the Internet the meter data is uploaded to the utility server.  
           [0032]    Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for providing a data warehouse of information for use by utility companies. The data warehouse being a massive historical database of all the customer profiles collected by the system from the use of electric, natural and water resources by the utility customers.  
           [0033]    A yet further object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically billing the customer over the Internet via e-mail, Internet browser or other Internet related technologies.  
           [0034]    A still further object of the present invention is to provide a system able to transmit a data signal indicative of a meter reading from the customer PC in either a foreground or background mode while the user is connected to the Internet and without customer intervention using a resident program in the customer PC.  
           [0035]    An even further object of the present invention is to provide a system for allowing the customer to pay their bills automatically over the Internet via online banking protocols or other internet related payment technologies.  
           [0036]    Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically determining the working status of the customer&#39;s electric, natural gas or water system over the internet during times of outages and other disaster related incidents. When the meter is offline or power is out there is a special outage signal code from the PC device sent over the computer modem to the main server.  
           [0037]    A yet further object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically reading the customer&#39;s meters over the internet via e-mail, internet browser or other internet related technologies without the need for new expensive hardwired or wireless dedicated network systems.  
           [0038]    A still further object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically providing the customer with energy costs over the internet via e-mail, internet browser or other internet related technologies by allowing the access to published utility company tariffs which are kept on a server database.  
           [0039]    Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically providing the customer with validated energy costs over the internet via e-mail, internet browser or other internet related technologies by recomputing the customer bills using the published tariff schedules of the utility.  
           [0040]    A yet further object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically optimizing electric power us e at the customer location by using a combination of linear and non-linear optimizing algorithms and “time of day” or “real time pricing per Kwhr” data. This allows the customer to minimize total energy costs by using power at times that minimize costs but still meet all the required constraints for customer electric power use. This allows the energy end user to select the equipment such that the hourly use of power keeps the total energy cost at a minimum without affecting commercial and industrial operations.  
           [0041]    Another object of the present invention is to provide a system that is simple and easy to use.  
           [0042]    A still further object of the present invention is to provide a system that is economical in cost to manufacture.  
           [0043]    Additional objects of the present invention will appear as the description proceeds.  
           [0044]    A method and system for monitoring usage of a utility at a remote location by a central station is disclosed by the present invention. The system includes a meter reading module for determining an amount of usage at the remote location and generating a data signal indicative of the determined amount of usage and a personal computer (PC) located at the remote location and connected to the meter reading module. The PC is connectable to the internet for receiving and storing the data signal from the meter reading module for transmission to a processor located at the central location via the internet. The meter reading module is connected to one of an electrical, gas or water meter. The processor determines an amount of usage of the utility based upon the data signal. The meter reading module is connected to the PC via one of a hardwired connection, X-10 technology or sent over existing telephone lines. The processor is able to generate a bill based upon a determined amount of usage and transmit the bill to the PC in the form of one of an e-mail message, Internet browser or other Internet related technologies. Payment of the bill by the PC at the remote location is performed automatically over the Internet via online banking protocols or other internet related payment technologies.  
           [0045]    To the accomplishment of the above and related objects, this invention may be embodied in the form illustrated in the accompanying drawings, attention being called to the fact, however, that the drawings are illustrative only, and that changes may be made in the specific construction illustrated and described within the scope of the appended claims.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES  
       [0046]    Various other objects, features and attendant advantages of the present invention will become more fully appreciated as the same becomes better understood when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the several views.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art system used for communication of data in the energy services industries;  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the system for reading a meter of the present invention;  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the system for reading a meter of the present invention used to read an electric, gas and water meter;  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a flow of data through the system for reading a meter of the present invention;  
         [0051]    [0051]FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the reading of meters within a multiple residence structure in accordance with the system for reading a meter of the present invention;  
         [0052]    [0052]FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating data packet movement through the system for reading a meter of the present invention;  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the transfer of data through the system for reading a meter of the present invention when a user is logging onto the internet;  
         [0054]    [0054]FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the transfer of data through the system for reading a meter of the present invention when a user&#39;s computer is turned on but not connected to the internet;  
         [0055]    [0055]FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating data gathering by the system for reading a meter of the present invention;  
         [0056]    [0056]FIG. 10 is block diagram illustrating sources for data gathering by the system for reading a meter of the present invention;  
         [0057]    [0057]FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating billing and monitoring client usage of the monitored utility by the system for reading a meter of the present invention;  
         [0058]    [0058]FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating electronic billing in accordance with the system for reading a meter of the present invention;  
         [0059]    [0059]FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating electronic billing follow up procedures in accordance with the system for reading a meter of the present invention;  
         [0060]    [0060]FIG. 14 is a graphical illustration of data input to a computer of the system for reading a meter of the present invention for efficiently monitoring and optimizing the use of electrical power by an end user;  
         [0061]    [0061]FIG. 15 is a graphical illustration of data output from the computer of the system for reading a meter of the present invention; and  
         [0062]    [0062]FIG. 16 is a graphical illustration of power cost data determined by the computer of the system for reading a meter of the present invention.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCED NUMERALS  
       [0063]    Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, the Figures illustrate the system for reading a meter of the present invention. With regard to the reference numerals used, the following numbering is used throughout the various drawing figures.  
         [0064]    [0064] 10  power generating utility  
         [0065]    [0065] 12  customer meter  
         [0066]    [0066] 14  meter reading module  
         [0067]    [0067] 16  private hardware network  
         [0068]    [0068] 18  wireless communications network  
         [0069]    [0069] 20  public communications network  
         [0070]    [0070] 22  existing electrical power lines  
         [0071]    [0071] 30  system for reading a meter  
         [0072]    [0072] 32  meter reading module  
         [0073]    [0073] 34  electric meters  
         [0074]    [0074] 36  energy service company  
         [0075]    [0075] 38  data packet  
         [0076]    [0076] 40  personal computer  
         [0077]    [0077] 42  connection line  
         [0078]    [0078] 44  data port  
         [0079]    [0079] 46  internet connection  
         [0080]    [0080] 48  utility server  
         [0081]    [0081] 50  internet service provider  
         [0082]    [0082] 52  gas meter  
         [0083]    [0083] 54  water meter  
         [0084]    [0084] 56  utility computers  
         [0085]    [0085] 58  data base  
         [0086]    [0086] 60  internet connection  
         [0087]    [0087] 62  client utility company  
         [0088]    [0088] 64  gang box of meters  
         [0089]    [0089] 66  internet connection line  
         [0090]    [0090] 68  electrical wires within building for connecting meter reading module to PC  
         [0091]    [0091] 70  telephone wires within building for connecting meter reading module to PC  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0092]    Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, FIGS. 2 through 13 illustrate the system for reading a meter of the present invention indicated generally by the numeral  30 .  
         [0093]    The system for reading a meter  30  of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 2. This figure illustrates the flow of data from a meter reading module  32  which reads data from a meter  34  to servers  48  of the energy company  36  while FIG. 4 illustrates the flow of data from the meter reading device  32  reading data from meters  34  to the servers  48  as well as the flow from the servers  48  back to a personal computer  40  of the user. As can be seen from these figures, the system for reading a meter  30  includes the meter reading module  32  connected to the meter  34  such as an electric gas or water meter. The juxtaposition of the meter reading module  32  with respect to the meter  34  is usually under the glass of the meter  34  and the meter reading module  32  is connected by fasteners like screws to the meter  34 . The meters  34  are of standard design and are familiar to all knowledgeable in the industry. The meter reading module  32 , sometimes called automatic meter readers in the industry, usually operate by optically counting the revolutions of the meter wheel. The number of revolutions is converted to a Kwhr quantity by a meter constant built into the meter reading module  32 . The quantitative data from the meter  34  is stored in the module  32  in a digital buffer or memory chip which is a typical buffer system used generically in the electronic industry. Several versions of the meter reading module  32  are available in the market place. The buffer is necessary since the meter readings are uploaded to an energy service company  36  in a batch mode and not normally in real time. Meter reading modules  32  can have a storage capacity of up to 90 days worth of meter data before being unloaded. The meter reading modules  32  normally and preferably are powered by lithium type batteries and are able to maintain the data even in a power outage situation. However, any power source may be used as long as the power source is able to provide sufficient power to operate the meter reading module  32 . In some cases the meter reading module  32  can receive power from the meter  34  itself with the battery power being used as backup.  
         [0094]    Data illustrated as a data packet  38  in FIG. 2 is transferred from the buffer within the meter reading module  32  to a customer&#39;s personal computer (PC)  40  by way of a connection line  42 . The connection line  42  can be either a hardwired connection, i.e. sent over the existing electric wiring in the building, X-10 technology, i.e. wireless, or sent over existing telephone lines at a frequency that does not interfere with other regular telephone communications. FIG. 3 illustrates the connection line as the electrical wiring  68  within a building while FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the use of the existing telephone lines  70  as the connection line. The data is collected by the PC  40  through a data port  44  which is normally a serial or parallel port on the PC  40  computer mother board. In this embodiment a data logging program stored within the PC  40  reads the meter data from the data port  44  and stores the data on a hard drive within the PC  40  in a special directory.  
         [0095]    When the PC user logs on to the internet, a program stored within the memory of the PC  40  is automatically initiated and this program performs the data transfer via the established internet connection  46  to the server  48  of the utility or energy company  36 . These resident programs work in the background and are unnoticed by the computer user during the login session. In this embodiment, it is this novel simultaneous use of the public internet system to bridge the communications gap between the customer and the power provider that points out one of the improvements of this invention over the existing technology. There is no need for expensive, dedicated, hardwired or wireless networks that are currently being used by companies to collect AMR data and transmit the data to the utility or energy company  36 .  
         [0096]    In the event that the customer PC  40  is turned on but it is not connected to the Internet the utility server  48  uses the “off the net” technology to send a signal to a modem within the customer PC to initiate a connection with the internet  46  by dialing the internet service provider  50  and connecting the customer to the internet. This technology has been used in internet telephony but to date no one has used it in connection with meter reading functions for utility customers. When this connection is initiated, the meter data transfer programs resident in the computer  40  can be run to allow the data to be uploaded to the server  48 .  
         [0097]    [0097]FIG. 5 illustrates the use of the system for reading a meter  30  of the present invention for use in collecting data from a plurality of meters  34  within a large building having numerous residences. In this instance the meters  34  are connected to a gang box  64  wherein each meter  34  provides data to the PC  40  via a connection line  38 . The gang box  64  includes a plurality of meter reading devices  32 , each connecting to a respective meter  34 . The computer is able to differentiate data from each meter reading module  32  within the gang box  64  and thus also differentiate data from each meter  34 . This data is transmitted to the servers of the energy company  36  upon demand and e-mail messages are transmitted back to individual e-mail accounts associated with each meter for individual customer billing via an internet connection  66 .  
         [0098]    Data from gas meters  52  and water meters  54  is collected by encoders  56  as can be seen in FIG. 6. These encoders  56  are industry standard devices and are connected in parallel to the meter reading module  32  using some of the same circuitry. The combination of these additional devices allows the preferred embodiment of the invention to simultaneously collect additional data from natural gas and water use. The collected data is segregated internally on the hard drive of the PC  40  of the customer. In this embodiment the computer servers  48  of the energy service company  36  are connected to those of the Utility company  56  as shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 6 illustrates the use of existing telephone lines  70  for connecting the meter reading modules  32  to the PC  40  for transmission of data therebetween.  
         [0099]    As can be seen from FIGS. 6, 9 and  11 , the energy company computers  56  have stored programs that perform all the required monitoring, billing and commercial service operations required by the company. Usage data from several thousand end users are compiled into a database  58  which then forms the basis for many of the functions carried out in the processing operations. This data base  58  allows the stored computer programs in the machine  56  to develop bills and other service information which can then be sent via the connection  46  to the end user or via connection  60  to the utility company or power provider. The connection  60  is a high speed internet connection since many megabytes of data are transferred between the energy company computer  56  and the utility while the connection  46  to the end user is a typical slow internet connection which normally runs at speeds below 56 Kbps. The energy company  56  uses this massive database as a source of information for data mining and decision support in customer services and to optimize power generation operations.  
         [0100]    Data mining is illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 11 and describes a process in which a computer program is used to develop business decisions using the patterns, cross references and other customer knowledge information that are extracted from the data warehouse or database, in this case the voluminous sets of historical and demographic data collected from the end users as they utilize the power, natural gas and water. In the system  30  of the present invention, data within the database is collected from the end users online and made available online to the analyst at the client utility company  62  in an interactive manner. This novel use of online data mining allows the client utility company  62  to target power use distribution and generation more efficiently over a smaller time horizon. In this embodiment as shown in FIG. 11, several client users  62  can access the databases of the energy company  36  simultaneously to use the databases for data mining. Since these databases are huge they require special high speed internet connections  58  and also larger than usual computers  48  to act as servers. In the preferred embodiment the servers  48  are top of the line workstations units which are able to handle the data flow and storage required by the system  30 .  
         [0101]    At a specified time during the month, the end user is sent an electronic bill or e-bill by the energy company computer as illustrated in FIG. 5 for a multiple residence building. This e-bill is transmitted as a graphical or text image from the computer  48  via the internet connection  66  to the customer computer  40 . The e-bill arrives as a typical electronic mail message and the user can pay this bill electronically using a selection of pre-set options available interactively in the program. These options include, direct bank transfer, credit card or other type of financial instrument. In this embodiment the same technology is used to follow-up the e-bill over the internet to ensure payment by using follow-up email messages, voice mail messages, text messages and/or telephone messages as shown in FIG. 13. A system for providing bills to customers electronically as well as follow-up bills is illustrated in this figure. As shown in the figure, a bill is generated by the utility or energy company and sent to the PC  40  of a customer as an e-mail. This allows the customer an opportunity to review and printout a hard copy of the bill. The system  30  also provides the option of paying the bill online directly to the system, paying the bill via e-deposit funds or via e-transfer of finds. FIG. 6 illustrates payment of a bill via the system for reading a meter  30  to provide payment electronically to a bank. FIG. 7 illustrates the system for reading a meter  30  including a data path for electronic payment of a bill directly to the energy company. The system provides for reminders to be transmitted to the users PC as e-mails after 30 days, 40 days, 60 days and 65 days. The time periods for transmission of reminder e-mails can be changed based upon the desires of the company.  
         [0102]    The system for reading a meter  30  of the present invention is also able to provide a validation of the utility bills provided to the customer. By statute, each utility has to publish a set of tariffs for its power sales to customers. These tariffs reflect the regulatory approved billing procedures for the customers. It is common knowledge that millions of dollars of incorrect billings are made each year and a cottage industry has developed to audit these bills and provide corrections to the customer. The system for reading a meter  30  allows all the tariff data to be resident online in the server computer and the resident programs than re-calculate the bill for each customer using the specific tariff relative to that customer and its actual indicated power use. The online calculation through the internet of the customer billing with data derived from an internet online reading of meter reading modules is a novel and innovative approach shown in this invention.  
         [0103]    In the system for reading a meter  30  a combination of techniques are used to efficiently monitor and optimize the use of electrical power by an end user. The methodology involves the utilization of certain technologies. One such technology is Remote Meter Reading. Another technology is Internet Technology and a third technology is Optimization and Decision Making. The approach involves combining the subject methodologies to maximize operations, reduce costs, increase consumer service and optimize electric power operations simultaneously with a minimization of total operating costs.  
         [0104]    To provide this optimization, the internet server computers have a set of resident computer programs that are used to optimize the utilization of electric power by the customer based on the pricing tariff provide by the utility. In using this feature of the invention the procedure is as follows:  
         [0105]    The program uses the real time pricing of the cost of electricity combined with the hourly use of electric power to formulate an optimization model which is solved online with accepted optimizing algorithms and computer routines to minimize total power costs within the operating constraints of the customer. In this analysis, the utility usually provides a time based schedule of its price of power. The computer program allocates the use of power within the limits of equipment operations such that the optimal power multiplied by the price is used while still providing all the work required by the customer. An example of data input to the computer program is shown in FIG. 14 while an example of data output from the computer is shown in FIGS. 15 and 16  
         [0106]    The optimization procedure maximizes the use of electric power while at the same time minimizes the cost of power within the constraints of customer use. The optimization and decision making involved in the technology proposed herein is shown by the typical optimization submodel as follows:  
         [0107]    For optimal use of electric power:  
         [0108]    Objective Function (Z) represents the Total daily cost of power:  
         Min   :   Z     =       ∑     i   =   1     24            KwHr   i     ×     RTP   i                               
 
         [0109]    this equation is subject to the following customer constraints:  
         [0110]    Qp i &lt;Q maxday    
         [0111]    Qp i =f(Equipment i , Appliances i )−customer equipment  
         [0112]    Qp i =&lt;Qp max avail.    
         [0113]    Wherein Z is the value of the objective function, and  
                                       KwHr   Kilowatt hour used in any hour       RTP   Real time of day pricing data for electric power, $/KwHr       Qp   Kw rate/day       Qmax   Maximum KwHr rate       Q maxday     Maximum daily Kw use       “i”   subscript for time ‘i”                  
 
         [0114]    Optimal selections on hourly Kw use and equipment use allocation are combined in the global optimization process. There are several standard published techniques to solve this formulation of minimization problems. These include Linear Programming, Non Linear Programming and others. The solution technique is not part of this invention but the novelty of this invention is the incorporation of these algorithms in an online system driven by the Internet servers connected to the electric power consumer in a real time mode.  
         [0115]    Output information produced by optimization technology in this invention is shown in the following graphical illustrations of FIGS. 14, 15 and  16 . These figures show the Kw and KwHr used in a given time interval during a day period. These parameters are as follows.  
         [0116]    (1) Real time pricing information from the utility company on the $/Kwhr for electricity sold.  
         [0117]    (2) The Kw rate forecasted at each hour of the day to optimize the use of the system.  
         [0118]    (3) The predicted KwHr to meet all system constraints and power use of the customer.  
         [0119]    (4) The cumulative KwHr dispatched to the customer to meet the electric power needs of the system customers.  
         [0120]    The operation of the system of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. In operation, the meter reading module  32  is connected to read the meter  34  to determine an amount of use for the utility provided through the meter  34 . When connected to read a gas or water meter, an encoder  56  may be connected between the meter reading module  32  and the meter  34 . The preferred forms of meters for use with the system of the present invention are electrical, gas and water meters. However, the system of the present invention may be used to read any desired type of meter. The meter reading module  32  is connected to a personal computer  40  of the user of the utility. The personal computer  40  may be any type of computer with the only requirement being the ability to connect with the internet. The connection between the meter reading module  32  and the PC  40  may be through a hardwired connection, i.e. sent over the existing electric wiring in the building, X-10 technology, i.e. wireless, or sent over existing telephone lines at a frequency that does not interfere with other regular telephone communications. The PC  40  is connected to the utility company  36  computers through an internet service provider  50  and is able to transmit data read by the meter reading module  32  to the utility company  36 .  
         [0121]    Once the system  30  is connected, the meter reading module  32  periodically reads the consumption of the utility recorded by the meter  34 . The read consumption amount is converted to a data signal and transmitted to the PC  40  for storage therein. If the PC is currently connected to the internet, the data is transmitted through the internet connection to the computer servers  48  of the utility company. The utility company is then able to determine the amount of utility used and bill the customer accordingly. If the PC  40  is not connected to the internet upon receipt of the data from the meter reading module  32 , the data is stored by the PC  40  until the PC  40  ultimately connects to the internet. Upon connecting to the internet, the data is transmitted to the servers  48  of the utility company  36  in accordance with a program operating in a background environment of the PC  40  so as not to disturb the user. If the computer has not been connected to the internet over a prolonged or predetermined period of time, the utility company servers  36  contact the PC  40  causing the PC  40  to connect to the internet. Upon connecting to the internet, the data received from the meter reading module  32  and stored within the PC  40  is transmitted to the servers  48  across the internet connection.  
         [0122]    From this data the utility company  36  is able to calculate a bill for usage of the utility. This bill is able to be electronically transmitted to the user over the internet as an e- mail message, Internet browser or other Internet related technologies and pay their bills automatically over the Internet via online banking protocols or other internet related payment technologies. The user is then able to review the bill and also pay the bill electronically. The user has the option of paying the bill electronically using a selection of pre-set options available interactively in the program. These options include, direct bank transfer, credit card or other type of financial instrument. The system is then able to follow-up the e-bill over the internet to ensure payment by using follow-up email messages, voice mail messages, text messages and/or telephone messages. The system generates a data warehouse having massive historical database of all the customer profiles collected by the system from the use of electric, natural and water resources by the utility customers for use by utility companies. The system is able to automatically optimize electric power use at the customer location by using a combination of linear and non-linear optimizing algorithms, the data warehouse, and “time of day” or “real time pricing per Kwhr” data, thereby allowing the customer to minimize total energy costs. The system also automatically determines the working status of the customer&#39;s electric, natural gas or water system over the internet during times of outages and other disaster related incidents via a connection through the PC  40 .  
         [0123]    From the above description it can be seen that the system for reading a meter of the present invention is able to overcome the shortcomings of prior art devices by providing a system which is able to read a meter such as an electric, natural gas or water meter at a customer location and transmit the meter information to a customer computer and then to the utility or energy company site using the Internet. The system is able to use the existing wiring in the customer location, existing telephone wires, a hard wire connection or wireless technology to carry the data signal from the meter to the customer PC. The natural gas and water meters can be read directly or by an encoder connected to the device and used to read the electric meter at the customer location. The system is able to automatically read one, two or three meter types simultaneously at the customer location. Additionally, the system is able to automatically signal the customer&#39;s PC, even when not connected to the Internet, wherein the utility server calls the customer&#39;s PC and signals the customer&#39;s machine telephone modem to connect to the Internet, thereby allowing for more efficient use of the internet by utilizing interactive two-way communication between customer and utility. The system provides a data warehouse having massive historical database of all the customer profiles collected by the system from the use of electric, natural and water resources by the utility customers for use by utility companies. The system automatically bills the customer over the Internet via e-mail, Internet browser or other Internet related technologies and pay their bills automatically over the Internet via online banking protocols or other internet related payment technologies. The system also automatically determines the working status of the customer&#39;s electric, natural gas or water system over the internet during times of outages and other disaster related incidents. The system is able to automatically optimize electric power use at the customer location by using a combination of linear and non-linear optimizing algorithms and “time of day” or “real time pricing per Kwhr” data, thereby allowing the customer to minimize total energy costs. Furthermore, the system for reading a meter of the present invention is simple and easy to use and economical in cost to manufacture.  
         [0124]    It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together may also find a useful application in other types of methods differing from the type described above.  
         [0125]    While certain novel features of this invention have been shown and described and are pointed out in the annexed claims, it is not intended to be limited to the details above, since it will be understood that various omissions, modifications, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the device illustrated and in its operation can be made by those skilled in the art without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.  
         [0126]    Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.