Abstract:
A reinforcing element for an article of clothing includes at least one elongate element and a plurality of raised bodies aligned substantially longitudinally and integrally formed with the elongate element. The bodies define slits therebetween to allow bending of the reinforcing element in a first direction and prevent bending of the reinforcing element in a second direction by a blocking contact of the bodies.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application incorporates by reference, and claims priority to and the benefit of, German patent application serial number 10350448.6, which was filed on Oct. 30, 2003. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates generally to a reinforcing element for clothing, such as for a soccer goalkeeper glove. 
     BACKGROUND 
     A common risk attendant with sports activities is the hyperextension of joints, such as fingers, ankles, knees, etc. For example, a particular risk for a soccer goalkeeper is the hyperextension of individual fingers or the thumb. When the goalkeeper tries to deflect a ball with the extended hand, there is a risk that one or more fingers of the extended hand may be subjected to the complete impact of the ball and hyperextended. Strains, and in the worst case, fractures, are the consequence. Accordingly, specialized gloves have been developed with heavy cushioning to prevent such injuries. 
     A goalkeeper glove performs several functions. Apart from improving the grip on the inner side of the hand, a primary function of the glove is to protect the hand against substantial mechanical loads that occur when deflecting a sharply shot ball. In this respect, it is known to cushion the glove by damping the forces that occur during ball contact. Apart from this passive cushioning, it has also been known for several years to provide goalkeeper gloves and gloves for other sports with active reinforcing elements. Other sports where the joints are subjected to similar forces include snowboarding (where wrist injuries are common), football, skateboarding, etc. 
     These reinforcing elements allow a bending of the hand in a gripping direction, but block a bending of the extended hand in the opposite direction, i.e., into the direction of hyperextension. In the case of a goalkeeper glove, the extended hand, and more particularly the fingers and the thumb, are therefore actively supported by the glove when deflecting a sharply shot ball. 
     To obtain the desired mechanical properties, it is known to design the reinforcing element from at least two separately manufactured components. An example of such an element is shown in  FIG. 7 , the element indicated by reference numeral  1 . A series of compression-proof bodies  2  are arranged on a completely flexible but elongation-free tension element  3  (e.g., a suitable foil, tape, or thin wire). As can be seen, the reinforcing element  1  can be easily folded into the direction of the solid arrows  4  (the first, or bending, direction), since the elongation-free foil, tape, or thin wire would not resist such a deformation. If, however, the reinforcing element  1  is extended, the compression-proof bodies  2  contact each other and prevent the reinforcing element  1  from exceeding the extended configuration into the direction of the dashed arrows  5  (the second, or hyperextension, direction). 
     If such a reinforcing element  1  is integrated into the backside of a glove for one or more fingers, the desired support against hyperextension is achieved by the described cooperation of the two components  2 ,  3 . Examples of this design can be found in German Patent Nos. DE 3516545 A1, DE 19910799 C1, DE 10100848, DE 10010403 A1, and DE 10010404 A1, and in PCT Application No. WO 01/00052, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. All of the disclosed reinforcing elements are made from an elongation-free tension element and a sequence of compression-proof bodies. As explicitly disclosed in those references, such a design allows a blocking action in the direction of hyperextension with a resistance-free movement in the gripping direction. 
     Another approach is described in German Patent No. DE 20113431 U1, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. There, the reinforcing element comprises a plurality of hingedly connected units, with linked reinforcing elements, each having at one end a pivot and on the other end a corresponding bearing receptacle. The hinges are designed such that a rotation of two links with respect to each other is only possible in one direction. Starting from an extended configuration the sequence of links blocks any bending into the opposite direction. 
     Nearly all reinforcing elements for active protection against hyperextension known in the art require a complicated manufacture. In the constructions described above, the compression-proof bodies  2  attach to the tension element  3  by, for example, gluing, sewing, or guiding the tension element through openings in each individual compression-proof body  2 . This process, however, is difficult to automate, thereby increasing the costs associated with such devices. 
     The same applies to the reinforcing elements made from a plurality of hingedly connected links, which must be separately manufactured and subsequently connected to each other. Since up to ten reinforcing elements may be required for a complete protection of the hand, this leads to substantial manufacturing efforts. Furthermore, the manual assembly of the reinforcing elements requires an exact quality control (for example, to verify whether the compression-proof bodies  2  are reliably anchored to the tension element  3  or whether all links have been correctly connected to each other). As a consequence of the related costs, gloves with active protection against hyperextension can until now only be found in the highest price segment and, therefore, are only usually purchased by professional or semi-professional users. 
     This is unfortunate, since the risk of sprains and fractures is particularly high with children, teenagers, and other non-professionals, not just in soccer, but in other sports as well. Goalkeeper gloves for these users, however, have until now not been equipped with active reinforcing elements for protection against hyperextension, simply because it is not economically feasible to incorporate into such gloves an expensive reinforcing element. In addition, the known constructions require a certain minimum size for reliable operation. 
     There have been attempts to avoid the complex manufacturing and assembly process accompanying multi-piece reinforcing elements by utilizing single-piece construction. One such attempt is disclosed in German Patent No. DE 297 05 586 U1, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference it its entirety, where a plurality of slits extend partially through a single piece of material, thereby forming a reinforcing element with thicker sections separated by thinner sections (located at the slits). The slits allow the reinforcing element to bend in a first direction and still provide a blocking interaction when the element is bent into a second direction. 
     Since the thicker portions of the reinforcing element are more resistant to bending, however, the bending in the first direction would be concentrated at locations where the material is thinnest (i.e., at the slits). This would limit the flexibility of the reinforcing element disclosed in the above-referenced German patent. As a result, the element may cause discomfort to the fingers and/or joints of the wearer, for example, when throwing or catching a ball, or when punching at a ball to deflect a shot. This would be particularly likely if the bending locations do not correspond exactly with the wearer&#39;s joints. Additionally, the concentration of bending forces may cause the element to weaken at those points of bending more quickly. This weakening would ultimately lead to premature failure and require replacement of the entire reinforcing element. 
     There is, therefore, a need to provide a reinforcing element for active protection against hyperextension that can be more easily and inexpensively manufactured than known constructions, but without weakening prematurely, and that can also be used for smaller glove sizes. Additionally, there is a need to provide a reinforcing element that can be used in a variety of sports equipment, to prevent injuries to joints, such as ankles, wrists, knees, the neck, etc. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This problem is solved by a reinforcing element for clothing, for example, a goalkeeper glove, having at least one elongate element and a plurality of blocking bodies. The blocking bodies are arranged in such a manner at the elongate element that the reinforcing element may bend into a first direction, and may block a bending into a second direction by a blocking contact of the blocking bodies, wherein the elongate element and the blocking bodies are provided together as a single piece. 
     As discussed above, the prior art teaches that a blocking interaction in one direction and a folding into the other direction can only be achieved by a combination of at least two separately manufactured components. The invention described herein is based at least in part on the realization that it is not a disadvantage if the reinforcing element provides some bending resistance in gripping direction. The elongate element according to the present invention keeps the glove, and thereby the hand, in a desired starting position. In the case of a goalkeeper glove, the hand is returned into the slightly extended natural configuration of the hand after each gripping action. In fact, this in itself is an advantage when the goalkeeper has to react to a surprise shot, since the hand is, from the beginning, almost extended and covers a maximum area when the arm is lifted. 
     Furthermore, the use of an elongate element instead of the fully flexible foils or tapes of tension elements known in the prior art allows the manufacture of all blocking bodies and the elongate element together as a single one-piece part. Simple manufacturing methods (for example, well-known forming techniques for plastic materials) allow the production of the complete reinforcing element by a single production step. As the manual assembly of each individual reinforcing element of a goalkeeper glove is no longer necessary, the manufacturing costs are reduced to such an extent that active protection against hyperextension can be integrated even into simpler, smaller, more inexpensive glove models. 
     In one aspect, the invention relates to a reinforcing element for an article of clothing. The reinforcing element includes at least one elongate element and a plurality of raised bodies aligned substantially longitudinally and integrally formed with the elongate element. The bodies define slits therebetween to allow bending of the reinforcing element in a first direction and limit bending of the reinforcing element in a second direction by blocking contact of the bodies. The bodies and the elongate element define a gap therebetween, the gap oriented substantially parallel with respect to the elongate element. 
     In one embodiment of the above aspect, the elongate element and the bodies are manufactured by injection molding of a single material in a single mold. In another embodiment, the bodies maintain a substantially uniform dimension upon the elongate element bending in the first direction. In yet another embodiment, the reinforcing element further includes at least one ridge connecting each body to the elongate element. In other embodiments of the above aspect, each body includes a side having a width, and each ridge has a width less than the width of the side of the body. Other embodiments of the above aspect include a second elongate element, wherein each body is connected by a first ridge to the first elongate element and by a second ridge to the second elongate element. The second elongate element can be substantially evenly spaced from the first elongate element. 
     In other embodiments of the above aspect, the elongate members have a contoured shape in an unloaded position, which may approximate the curvature of a finger. The elongate element of certain embodiments provides a restoring force when bent in the first direction. In still another embodiment, at least two of the bodies each have a respective facing surface, wherein the two facing surfaces are arranged substantially parallel and at least one of the two facing surfaces has a predetermined thickness greater than a thickness at an approximate center of the body. The thickness of the body determines a first point of blocking contact of the bodies, such as to determine an extension limit of the reinforcing element in the second direction. Other embodiments of the above aspect incorporate the reinforcing element into an article of clothing, such as a glove. 
     In another aspect, the invention relates to a reinforcing element for an article of clothing. The reinforcing element includes a first elongate element and a second elongate element spaced therefrom, each elongate element having an upper side. The reinforcing element includes a plurality of raised bodies that limit bending of the reinforcing element in one direction by blocking contact of the bodies. The reinforcing element includes a plurality of ridges, wherein each body is coupled to the upper side of the first elongate element by a first ridge and to the upper side of the second elongate element by a second ridge. 
     In certain embodiments, the reinforcing element forms a unitary structure. In other embodiments of the above aspect, the reinforcing element is flexible in a first direction, and the flexibility of the reinforcing element in the first direction is dependent upon a width of each ridge. Still other embodiments have a width of each ridge that is less than a width of at least one of the lateral side and the medial side of each body. 
     In still another aspect, the invention relates to a reinforcing element for an article of clothing. The reinforcing element can be defined by a predetermined flexibility in a first direction, and have at least one rail, a plurality of substantially aligned raised bodies, and a plurality of ridges. Each ridge has a predetermined width and connects the bodies to the at least one rail. 
     In certain embodiments, the rail, the bodies, and the ridges form a unitary component. Other embodiments of the above aspect include an upper side of the rail, wherein the ridges couple the bodies to the upper side of the rail. Each body may further include a medial side and a lateral side, wherein the widths of the ridges are less than a width of at least one of the lateral side and the medial side of at least one of the bodies. In other embodiments of the above aspect, the reinforcing element further includes a plurality of matching spaced rails. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to the same parts throughout the different views. Also, the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the following description, various embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the following drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic perspective view of one embodiment of a reinforcing element in accordance with the invention; 
         FIG. 2A  is a schematic side view of the reinforcing element of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 2B  is a schematic side view of an alternative embodiment of a reinforcing element in accordance with the invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a schematic plan view of the reinforcing element of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic cross sectional view of the reinforcing element of  FIG. 3  taken along the line  4 - 4 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a schematic bottom view of the reinforcing element of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 6A  is an enlarged schematic side view of two bodies in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; 
         FIG. 6B  is an enlarged schematic side view of two bodies in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the invention; and 
         FIG. 7  a schematic side view of a prior art reinforcing element. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the following, an embodiment of the invention is described with reference to a reinforcing element for a goalkeeper glove. It is to be understood, however, that the present invention can also be used as a reinforcing element for other types of clothing, namely, sports equipment. For example, the invention is particularly well-suited for use in gloves for snowboarding, football, or other activities, where there exists a high risk of hyperextension of fingers and/or the thumb. The invention may also be utilized in work gloves, particularly those employed in industries where injuries to the hands are common, such as construction or heavy industry. Moreover, the reinforcing elements according to the invention may be used for protection of other parts of the body, for example as an active support element in other articles of sports equipment. The articles of sports equipment where such a reinforcing element can be used include but are not limited to sports shoes, gloves, shin guards, ankle braces, back braces, knee braces, elbow braces, neck braces, shoulder braces, and hip braces. 
       FIG. 1  shows a schematic perspective view of one embodiment of a reinforcing element  10 . The reinforcing element  10  may be made as a one-piece part, the sides of which are two substantially aligned elongate elements  11 ,  12  that may be spaced substantially evenly or parallel along their lengths. In certain embodiments, the elongate elements  11 ,  12  are elastic strips or rails. A plurality of bodies  20  are substantially in alignment and are arranged between the two elements  11 ,  12  and spaced such that a thin slit  21  is provided between adjacent bodies  20 . The number of bodies  20  may vary with the length of the reinforcing element  10 . Each body  20  is connected via a projection or ridge  22  to the elements  11 ,  12 . In one embodiment, the ridge  22  connects the medial side  13  of a body  20  to an upper side  15  of the first element  11 . Similarly, another ridge  22  connects the lateral side  14  of the body  20  to an upper side  16  of the second element  12 . Gaps or cut-outs  23  between the bodies  20  and the elongate elements  11 ,  12  are arranged on the two sides of the ridge  22  substantially parallel with respect to the elongate elements  11 ,  12 . The cut-outs  23  effectively decouple the bodies  20  from the bending of the elongate elements  11 ,  12 . This decoupling action allows the elongate elements  11 ,  12  to bend nearly uniformly along their entire lengths, thus distributing the associated forces evenly, without concentrating them at discrete points along the elements  11 ,  12 , which leads to premature element weakening. Moreover, this uniform bending may be more comfortable for the wearer than prior art reinforcing elements that bend at discrete points. The size and shape of the cut-out  23  influences the bending properties of the reinforcing element  10 . For example, larger cut-outs  23  may increase the flexibility of the elongate elements  11 ,  12  and, thus, increase the flexibility of the entire reinforcing element  10 . 
     In the depicted embodiment, the attachment of each body  20  to the two elements  11 ,  12  is limited to the dimensions of the ridges  22 . As a consequence, the bodies  20  maintain a substantially uniform shape and dimension under a bending of the elements  11 ,  12  in the direction of the solid arrows  25  ( FIG. 2A ) which depict a first, or bending, direction. The resistance of the reinforcing element  10  against such a bending is at least partially determined by the dimensions and the material of the elements  11 ,  12  on the sides. Therefore, when the one-piece part comprising the bodies  20  and the elongate elements  11 ,  12  are folded into gripping direction, it is essentially only the resistance of the elongate elements  11 ,  12  that has to be overcome. As a result, distinct unidirectional mechanical properties of the reinforcing element  10  are achieved in spite of its one-piece design, which allow a bending into a first direction and which provide a blocking effect into another direction. 
     The thinner the width of the ridges  22 , the greater the decoupling between the bodies  20  and the elements  11 ,  12 , thus allowing greater flexibility of the reinforcing element  10 . In the depicted embodiment, each ridge  22  occupies approximately one third of the side surface of a body  20  and is arranged in its center. Other arrangements and sizes are possible, however. The tops of the ridges  22  are inclined to the side (as depicted in  FIG. 4 ), so that the reinforcing element  10  has a profile that can be easily integrated into the backside of the glove behind a finger or into another article of sports equipment. Since the reinforcing elements are generally inserted into elongate pocket-shaped openings on sports equipment, it is desirable to reduce the size of projecting lateral edges to allow for easy insertion. Also, by reducing the size of the projecting lateral edges, the risk of injuries caused by the edges is reduced. 
     In  FIG. 2A , the dashed arrows  26  indicate the second, or hyperextension, direction. When moved into this direction, the bodies  20  contact each other with their adjacent front sides  29  ( FIGS. 6A and 6B ) and block any further bending in this direction. The bodies  20  may be shaped in a manner that a blocking contact is obtained already before the extended position is reached. 
     Another embodiment of the reinforcing element  10 ′ is depicted in  FIG. 2B . In this embodiment, a number of bodies  20 ′ are arranged above a single strip  12 ′. The bodies  20 ′ are spaced in a manner similar to those depicted in the embodiment of the reinforcing element  10  in  FIG. 2A , such that there exists a slit  21 ′ between adjacent bodies  20 ′, and a cut-out  23 ′ between each body  20 ′ and the strip  12 ′. In the depicted reinforcing element  10 ′, each body  20 ′ is joined to the strip  12 ′ by a ridge  22 ′. The ridge  22 ′ may extend the full width of the body  20 ′, or only a part thereof. Alternatively, instead of a single ridge  22 ′ connecting each body  20 ′ to the strip  12 ′, a plurality of ridges, arranged in a substantially linear orientation along the width of the strip  12 ′ may connect each body  20 ′ to the strip  12 ′. In another embodiment, the bodies  20 ′ are joined to the side of the strip  12 ′. The reinforcing element  10 ′ depicted in  FIG. 2B  also includes an insertion area  30 ′ and a flat region  31 ′. The reinforcing element  10 ′ functions similarly to the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 2A  when moved in the directions depicted by arrows  25 ,  26 , as described below. 
     The comparison of the enlarged views of two adjacent bodies  20  in  FIGS. 6A and 6B  shows schematically how their blocking interaction or contact can be further adjusted. It is to be noted that  FIGS. 6A and 6B  are not to scale, as the width and length of the bodies may vary depending on predetermined factors such as use, weight or size restrictions, costs, etc. The bodies  20  depicted in  FIGS. 6A and 6B  serve only to illustrate one possible adjustment principle. The blocking angle α determines when the bodies  20  start to limit any further backwards bending or bending in the hyperextension direction  26 . If α=0°, the blocking contact starts exactly in the extended orientation of the reinforcing element. If α&gt;0°, the blocking interaction starts in a slightly hyperextended orientation. 
     For manufacturing reasons, it may be preferred to have a slit  21  of a certain thickness (the fixed distance between the points X and Y in  FIGS. 6A ,  6 B), which leads inevitably to an angle α&gt;0°, as depicted in  FIG. 6A . However, if the height h of the contacting facing surfaces  29  of the blocking bodies  20  is increased by an amount Δh, as shown in  FIG. 6B , the value of the blocking angle is reduced (α′&lt;α), so that blocking contact begins earlier, even though the slit  21  width is the same. The greater height (h+Δh) of the contacting front surfaces  29  can, for example, be achieved by providing the bodies  20  with a linearly increasing thickness from the center  28  to the facing surface  29 , as shown in the cross-section of  FIG. 6B . By increasing or decreasing the height h of the facing surfaces  29 , the first point of blocking contact between the bodies  20  can be adjusted, thereby determining the extension limit of the reinforcing element  10  in the hyperextension direction  26 . The advantage of this shape is that the overall thickness of the reinforcing element  10  is only locally increased, so a glove that utilizes such a reinforcing element  10  does not become too bulky. Other shapes are contemplated, such as bodies  20  with concave top sides or bodies where the tops of the facing sides  29  are pitched or inclined toward or away from each other, instead of substantially parallel as depicted. 
     If the reinforcing element  10  described above is integrated into a glove so that the bending direction of the solid arrows  25  in  FIG. 2A  corresponds to the natural gripping direction of the hand, a protection against hyperextension of single fingers, the thumb or—depending on the arrangement and the size of the reinforcing element  10 —the wrist is achieved. For a better adaptation to the backside of a finger or of the thumb, the lower sides  24  of the blocking bodies  20  can be curved, as shown in the cross-section of  FIG. 4 . This curvature mimics the natural curve of the finger. 
     Apart from the dimensions of the ridges  22 , also the size of the cut-outs  23  on the sides determine the bending properties and the resistance of the reinforcing element  10  against hyperextension. As a consequence of utilizing wider cut-outs  23 , the width of the ridges  14 ,  16  and/or lengths of the bodies  20  are decreased. In the first case, narrower ridges  22  reduce the resistance to bending, whereas shorter bodies  20  reduce stability in the hyperextension direction  26 . The wider the cut-outs  23 , the smaller the lateral bending strips  11 ,  12  or the central bodies  20 , if the overall width of the reinforcing element  10  is kept constant. In the first case, it is primarily the bending resistance in the gripping direction that is reduced, whereas thinner bodies  20  lead to a reduced stability in the direction of hyperextension  26 . 
     As depicted in  FIG. 1 , at one terminal end, the reinforcing element  10  forms an insertion area  30 , which may be flattened and rounded on its side to facilitate the insertion into a receptacle, such as a pocket on a backside of a glove. In the same manner, the last body  20  on the same terminal end forms a flat region  31 , which facilitates the holding of the reinforcing element  10  for insertion into the backside of a glove. Furthermore, the flat end section  31  serves to transmit the forces caused by the support of a finger into the backside of the hand. The insertion area  30 , as well as the flat end section  31 , can further be used to receive assembly instructions, for example, the direction of insertion and the number of a reinforcing element  10 , which is to be arranged in a certain position in the glove. This is schematically indicated in  FIGS. 1 and 3  with the arrow and the numeral “ 1 .” Additionally, the user may adjust the support properties of the glove by exchanging individual reinforcing elements  10  or by arranging reinforcing elements  10  only behind desired fingers. All these adaptations are facilitated by information about an individual reinforcing element  10 , which can be provided on the flat end section  31 . 
     The depicted reinforcing element  10  is manufactured in a single mold as a continuous, one-piece, unitary component. The element  10  may be manufactured from thermoplastic materials, which can be cost-efficiently and precisely processed by injection molding. The element  10  may also be molded in discreet parts, then joined or otherwise fused together. Other exemplary techniques for forming plastic materials, such as deep drawing, vacuum forming or other techniques that facilitate the manufacture of highly individualized reinforcing elements are contemplated. Additionally, 3D-printing or stereolithography may be utilized. In any case, the design of the reinforcing element  10  of the present invention eliminates the need for costly manual assembly of the elements  11 ,  12  and the bodies  20 . 
     Examples of preferred plastic materials are polypropylene (PP) for reinforcing elements  10 , which are only subjected to limited loads (for example for goalkeeper gloves of children and teenagers) and polyoximethylene (POM) for goalkeeper gloves subjected to high loads, such as those encountered by professionals. In this context, it is conceivable to arrange different reinforcing elements behind different fingers of the hand within the glove, for example, to provide a greater protection for the small finger against hyperextension or to obtain a particularly low resistance in gripping direction (solid arrows  25  in  FIGS. 2A and 2B ) for weaker fingers. This may be achieved, for example, by using a different material or by variations of the thickness of the elements  11 ,  12  and the ridges  22  and/or the cut-outs  23 . In any case, the injection molding of the reinforcing element  10  as a single piece facilitates adaptations of the size and/or modifications of the construction. In contrast to the prior art, where any modification of the reinforcing element requires new instructions to the production personnel to ensure a sufficient quality of the manually assembled components, the reinforcing element  10  described in this invention requires only an adaptation of the injection molding tool. 
     The tool for injection molding defines, apart from the already discussed details of the reinforcing element, the initial contoured shape of the element  10  in the absence of any external force (i.e., when the reinforcing element  10  is not being bent, or is in an otherwise unloaded position). This initial contoured shape corresponds to the natural shape of the body part being protected, in this case, the curvature of a finger in a relaxed state. The closing of the hand when catching a ball, for example, leads to a bending of the elements  11 ,  12  and, thereby, to an elastic restoring force, which brings the hand back into its natural initial configuration. The reinforcing element  10  therefore actively supports the actual course of movements of the hand. Furthermore, the slight curvature in the natural initial configuration of the hand is advantageous when the goalkeeper throws up his arms to deflect a surprise shot, since the hand is already in an almost extended configuration and provides therefore the greatest range for the goalkeeper to deflect the ball. As a result, the reinforcing element  10  of the present invention provides improved functional properties, while substantially reducing burdensome manufacturing considerations. 
     Having described certain embodiments of the invention, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that other embodiments incorporating the concepts disclosed herein may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects as only illustrative and not restrictive.