Abstract:
An X-ray image photographing apparatus includes an image obtaining portion for obtaining an X-ray distribution transmitted through an object, a grid detecting system having a construction for obtaining information from a grid side by the action of inserting the grid for decreasing scattered rays into the apparatus, and detecting at least one of the presence or absence of the grid, the kind of the grid and the presence or absence of the replacement of the grid by the use of the construction, an image processing system for image processing and outputting image data collected by the image obtaining portion, and a memory portion preserving therein a plurality of sets of image processing parameters for controlling the image processing system. The image processing system selects the image processing parameters preserved in the memory on the basis of at least the result of the detection by the grid detecting system and executes image processing.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    This invention relates to an X-ray image photographing apparatus for effecting photographing by the use of a grid, and a grid device.  
           [0003]    2. Related Background Art  
           [0004]    When radiation such as X-ray, α-ray, β-ray, γ-ray, electron beam or ultraviolet ray is applied to a certain kind of fluorescent material, part of this radiation energy is accumulated in the fluorescent material. It is known that excitation light such as visible light is applied to this fluorescent material, whereby the fluorescent material exhibits accelerated light emission in conformity with the accumulated energy, and the fluorescent material exhibiting such a nature is called an accumulative fluorescent material or an accelerative fluorescent material.  
           [0005]    Heretofore, by the utilization of this accumulative fluorescent material, the radiation image information of an object such as a human body has been once recorded on a sheet of accumulative fluorescent material, and this sheet of accumulative fluorescent material has been scanned by the use of excitation light such as a laser beam to thereby emit accelerated light, and the obtained accelerated light has been read to thereby obtain an image signal. A radiation image information recording-reproducing system for outputting the radiation image of the object as a visible image to a recording material such as a photosensitive material or a display apparatus such as a CRT on the basis of this image signal is proposed, for example, by Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-12429, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-11395, etc.  
           [0006]    Also, in recent years, an apparatus using a semiconductor sensor to likewise photograph an X-ray image has been developed. These systems, as compared with a conventional radiation photographic system using silver salt photographs, have the practical advantage that an image can be recorded over a very wide range of radiation exposure area. That is, X-rays in a very wide dynamic range are read by photoelectric converting means and converted into an electrical signal. By the use of this electrical signal, the radiation image is outputted as a visible image to the recording material such as a photosensitive material or the display apparatus such as a CRT, whereby there can be obtained a radiation image which is not affected by the fluctuation of a radiation exposure amount.  
           [0007]    However, in the analog photographing using the accumulative fluorescent material shown in the above-described example of the prior art, use is made of various grids for decreasing scattered rays during photographing, but in digital photographing using a semiconductor sensor, moire fringes are created from the relation between the sampling pitch and the frequency of the grid, and in an apparatus, a plurality of kinds of grids or an image by without a grid is not supported.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-noted problem and to provide an X-ray image photographing apparatus which can execute appropriate photographing or image processing by a plurality of kinds of grids or by without a grid and a grid device suitable therefor.  
           [0009]    Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the invention. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0010]    [0010]FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 2 is a plan view of an X-ray photographing portion.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 3 is a front view of a grid.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line  4 - 4  of FIG. 3.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 5 is a graph of a current value flowing to a motor on the basis of a lapse time.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 6 is a block circuit diagram of an image processing portion. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0016]    The present invention will hereinafter be described in detail with respect to an embodiment thereof shown in the drawings.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an X-ray digital image photographing apparatus, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the X-ray photographing apparatus. The X-ray digital image photographing apparatus is comprised of an X-ray generating portion  1  a stand  2 , an X-ray photographing portion  3 , a control portion  4  for controlling the X-ray photographing portion  3 , a cable  5  for connecting the X-ray photographing portion  3  and the control portion  4  together, and a monitor  6  for displaying a signal processed in the control portion  4 .  
         [0018]    Also, the X-ray photographing portion  3  is vertically movable through the movable portion  2   a  of the stand  2 , and can freely change its height in accordance with the position of an object by this vertical movement, and is designed to be capable of photographing the predetermined position of the object located between the X-ray photographing portion  3  and the X-ray generating portion  1 .  
         [0019]    An X-ray image receiving portion  14  comprising a radiation image detector  12  and a reading circuit  13  for reading out a signal from this radiation image detector  12 , and a grid unit  15  including a grid for removing the scattered rays of the object are contained in the housing  11  of the X-ray photographing portion  3 . Also, a handle  15   a  is provided on a side of the grid unit  15 . Further, an openable-closable cover  16  is mounted on a side of the X-ray photographing portion  3  through a hinge  17 .  
         [0020]    The grid unit  15  and the X-ray image receiving portion  14  are disposed in parallel in the housing  11  of the X-ray photographing portion  3 , and the grid unit  15  can be taken out of the X-ray photographing portion  3  by opening the cover  16  and pulling the handle  15   a.    
         [0021]    The control portion  4  is comprised of an image processing portion  18  for effecting a filtering process such as a reduction in the noise or edge emphasis of an image digital signal supplied from a memory circuit  13 , and a power source portion  19  for supplying a power source to the X-ray image receiving portion  14  and the image processing portion  18 . The connection between the X-ray photographing portion  3  and the control portion  4  is made by the cable  5  comprising a signal line and a power source line, and this cable  5  is covered and protected by a flexible tube  20 . The flexible tube  20  is of a flexible material and therefore can follow the vertical movement of the X-ray photographing portion  3 .  
         [0022]    In an X-ray photographing apparatus system of such a construction, the X-ray photographing portion  3  is moved to a photographing position for a patient, and X-rays are applied from the X-ray generating portion  1  and photographing is effected. The image information of the object photographed by the X-ray photographing portion  3  is transmitted as a digital signal to the image processing portion  18  by the cable  5 , and various image processings are effected in conformity with the presence or absence of the use and kind of the grid.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 3 is a front view of a grid unit  15 , and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line  4 - 4  of FIG. 3. The grid unit  15  is comprised of a handle  15   a , a grid body  15   b  and a grid holding portion  21 , the grid body  15   b  mounted in the X-ray photographing portion  3  is fixed to the frame-like grid holding portion  21  through a fixing member  22 , and the grid holding portion  21  has its four sides bent at right angles to improve the strength thereof. Of these four bent sides, convex projections  23 ,  24  and  25  are equidistantly formed on the end portion of the side of the surface opposed to the handle  15   a . Also, a switch mounting plate  26  is provided in the X-ray photographing portion  3 , and microswitches  27 ,  28  and  29  are provided on this switch mounting plate  26  so as to be opposed to the projections  23 ,  24  and  25 , respectively, and a grid discriminating circuit  31  is connected to the microswitches  27 ,  28  and  29  through a lead wire  30 .  
         [0024]    The microswitch  27  is disposed so as to be changed from its OFF state to its ON state by the projection  23  provided on the grid holding portion  21  when the grid unit  15  is mounted on the X-ray photographing portion  3 . Likewise, the microswitches  28  and  29  are adapted to be changed from their OFF state to their ON state by the projections  24  and  25 , respectively. The ON and OFF states of the microswitches  27 ,  28  and  29  are transmitted to the grid discriminating circuit  31  by the lead wire  30 , and the presence or absence of the grid body  15   b  and the kind of the grid body  15   b  are discriminated.  
         [0025]    For example, it is conceivable to set so that if the microswitches  27 ,  28  and  29  are all in their ON state, it is discriminated that a grid body  15   b  of a first characteristic A is mounted, and if only the microswitch  27  is in its ON state, it is discriminated that a grid body  15   b  of a second characteristic B is mounted, and if all of the microswitches  27 ,  28  and  29  are in their OFF state, it is discriminated that the grid body  15   b  itself is not mounted.  
         [0026]    Such setting is not restricted to this example, but various kinds of setting are possible depending on the combinations of the ON and OFF states of the microswitches  27 ,  28  and  29 . The detecting means are nor restricted to the microswitches  27 ,  28  and  29 , but may also be lead switches utilizing a magnetic force or photoswitches utilizing a light, and the number of the detecting means can be selected as required.  
         [0027]    Further, while in the above-described embodiment, description has been made of a case where the stationary grid body  15   b  is used, such a detecting method is applicable not only to a photographing apparatus using the stationary grid  15   b , but also to a photographing apparatus which effects photographing with the grid body  15   b  moved relative to the X-ray image receiving portion  14  during photographing. For example, driving means such as a motor for moving the grid body  15   b  may be discretely provided in the X-ray photographing portion  3 , and the grid body  15   b  is made movable relative to the grid holding portion  21 , and during photographing, only the grid body  15   b  can be moved at a predetermined speed by the driving means.  
         [0028]    In this case, as in the above-described embodiment, the detected means provided on the grid holding portion  21  can be intactly used, and the presence or absence of the grid or the characteristic of the grid body  15   b  can be discriminated independently of the movement of the grid body  15   b.    
         [0029]    Such detecting means is not directly provided on the grid body  15   b , but is provided on the common grid holding portion  21  to thereby obtain the following advantages. Irrespective of the grid thickness depending on the grid ratio, the grid inserting portion in the photographing apparatus can be simplified into the same shape, and in the case of photographing in which the grid is moved, the ON and OFF of the microswitches are not repeated each time the grid is moved and therefore, the durability of the apparatus is improved. Also, the grid can be protected when the grid is detached from the photographing apparatus. Further, if design is made such that the presence of the grid body  15   b  in the X-ray photographing portion  3  is detected and the grid driving means is operated only in the case of photographing in which the grid is moved, the grid driving means can be prevented from being driven by mistake when the grid body  15   b  is not mounted in the X-ray photographing portion  3  and when photographing is effected with the grid fixed.  
         [0030]    Also, it will be unnecessary to provide new grid detecting means if design is made such that the grid detecting microswitches  27 ,  28  and  29  as described above are not used, but a parameter amount fluctuated by a load applied to the motor when only the grid driving means, e.g. the motor is operated before photographing, or during photographing is detected to thereby discriminate the presence or absence or the weight of the grid body  15   b . Specifically, for example, the current value flowing to the motor when the motor is operated is defined as a parameter amount, and the current value when this current value has assumed a balanced state and a preset discrimination current value can be compared with each other to thereby discriminate the presence or absence of the grid body  15   b  and the characteristic of the grid body  15   b  which depends on the weight of the grid body  15   b . Chiefly the amount of lead in the grid body  15   b , i.e., the grid density, is conceivable as the characteristic of the grid body  15   b  which depends on the weight of the grid body  15   b.    
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 5 is a graph showing the current value flowing to the motor to the lapse time. When the grid body  15   b  is not present in the X-ray photographing portion  3 , the load torque applied to the motor is minute and therefore, the current value from the start of the rotation of the motor changes as indicated by a curve C, and the current balance value converges to Ic after a current balance reaching time t 1 . Likewise, the current values when grids A and B are mounted become as indicated by curves a and b, respectively, and after current balance reaching times t 2  and t 3 , the current values become Ia and Ib, respectively. The grid B is higher in grid density and greater in weight than the grid A and therefore, the load torque thereof becomes great, and the current values become Ib&gt;Ia&gt;Ic. Also, the increase rate of the current value during the rising of the rotation of the motor is great in the order of curves b, a and c, and the current balance reaching time becomes long in the order of t 3 &gt;t 2 &gt;t 1 .  
         [0032]    Here, when discrimination current values Ica and Iab are preset so as to be Ib&gt;Iab&gt;Ia&gt;Ic, it becomes known that if the current value i after the current balance reaching time t 3  is Ica&gt;i, no grid is mounted, and if Tab&gt;i&gt;Ica and i&gt;Iab, the grids A and B are mounted respectively, and the discrimination of the presence or absence and the kind of the grid becomes possible. In the present embodiment, the parameter amount fluctuated by the load applied to the grid driving means is defined as the current value i in the balanced state, but may be defined as the increase rate of the current value or the required time until the balanced state is reached, and use may be made of the number of rotations of the motor inversely proportional to the load torque to obtain a similar effect.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 6 shows a block circuit diagram of the image processing portion  18 , which can select appropriate image processing by the utilization of the information of the presence or absence and the kind of the grid body  15   b  obtained by the method as described above. The image processing portion  18  is comprised of a preliminary treatment section  41 , a QA treatment section  42 , an image memory section  43 , an image process parameter memory section  44 , an applicable grid table memory section  45  and a network interface  46 . Gain correction, offset treatment, LOG conversion and grid erasing process, not shown, are carried out in the preliminary treatment section  41 .  
         [0034]    In the photographing in a fixed grid system, gain images are all photographed without the use of a grid. That is, in the fixed grid system, irrespectively of the presence or absence and the kind of the grid, the grid is not used but a photographed gain image W 1  is used. Also, in the photographing in a movable grid system, gain images W 2 -W 4  collected by the grid used in the photographing are used. One of the reasons for this is that energy characteristic differs from grid to grid and therefore gain images similar in the quality of lines to each other are used.  
         [0035]    Again in the case of the movable grid system, when no grid is mounted, a gain image using no grid is used for correction. However, there is no possibility of shading occurring even if the gain image is not changed over by a grid and therefore, the quality of image will not be greatly affected even if the gain image is not changed over.  
         [0036]    Such gain images W 1 -W 4  are preserved in the image memory section  43 , and by the control of the preliminary treatment section  41 , an image process parameter table shown in Table 1 below which is preserved in the image process parameter memory section  44  is referred to from the result of the detection by the grid detecting means, and a corresponding gain image is down-loaded from the image memory section  43 .  
                               TABLE 1                                   frequency               gain   grid erasing   emphasizing   harmony       grid   image   process   process   processing                   no grid   W1   absent   absent   gamma 4.4       grid A   W2   present,   present,   gamma 4.0               frequency Fa   frequency F1       grid B   W3   present,   present,   gamma 4.0               frequency Fb   frequency F2       grid C   W4   present,   present,   gamma 4.0               frequency Fc   frequency F3                  
 
         [0037]    Likewise, the parameter of the grid erasing process is controlled by the presence or absence of the grid and the kind of the grid. The grid erasing process is carried out only in the case of the fixed grid system, and is not used in the case of the movable grid system. The advantage of the photographing by the fixed grid system is that high-speed photographing is possible, while on the other hand, the fringes of the grid are actualized in the image, and this is disliked as hindering diagnosis by some doctors. So, the erasing process of erasing the grid present in the image by image processing is carried out.  
         [0038]    If the sampling frequency Fs of a sensor system is determined, in which frequency the fringes are created when which grid is used can be found by calculation. When the frequency of the grid is defined as Fg, if Fs&gt;Fg, fringes are formed in the frequency Fg and therefore, they are removed by filter processing. As regards the frequency of the band cut filter at this time, the kind of the grid is detected, whereby the cut frequency Fa in the image process parameter table preserved in the image process parameter memory section  44  is determined.  
         [0039]    Also, if Fs&lt;Fg, the fringes of moire&#39; are created in Fs−(Fg−Fs)=2Fs−Fg. As in this case, the frequency of this 2Fs−Fg is referred to from the image process parameter table by the band cut filter and a filter is constituted.  
         [0040]    As regards also the frequency process which is one of QA processes, the parameter is adjusted by the grid. Here, the purposes are that in the grid processing, a frequency area weakened as a side effect is restored to its original state and that the grid which is not completely erased is not emphasized, but other frequency bands effective for diagnosis are emphasized. These filter parameters are also determined by searching for the image process parameter table on the basis of the grid information from the detecting means.  
         [0041]    Finally, harmony processing is carried out, but generally in photographing which does not use a grid, although somewhat, the contrast of the entire image is reduced by scattered rays. In order to correct this, it is desirable to increase and convert the contrast in the harmony processing.  
         [0042]    The process in which the parameter is changed depending on the presence or absence and the kind of the grid has been disclosed regarding the processing shown in Table 1, whereas the processing related to the grid is not restricted thereto, but also in image compression regarding the post-processing of a diagnosed image, it is conceivable for the parameter to be adjusted so as not to emphasized the grid. It is nor restricted to an adjusting method for the processed parameter utilizing grid information, but is determined by the desire of a doctor or an engineer.  
         [0043]    In the foregoing, description has been made of the fact that the image processing parameter is adjusted by the information regarding the presence or absence or the kind of the grid, but changing the grid depending on the photographing method means that an appropriate grid is determined by the photographing method. In the image photographing apparatus of the present embodiment, before the photographing by the application of X-rays, the inputting of the photographing method as to what region is to be photographed with what intention is effected from a hospital information system HIS or a radiation information systems RIS by way of an input portion belonging to the display apparatus  17  or a network interface  46 .  
         [0044]    For example, suppose a case where if as shown in Table 2 below, the region to be photographed is the front of the breast, the use of the grid A is appropriate and if the region to be photographed is a limb, not using the grid is appropriate.  
                           TABLE 2                                   photographing method   grid                           breast image   grid A           thoracic vertebrae image   grid B           limb image   no grid           head image   grid C                      
 
         [0045]    In the present embodiment, the kind of an appropriate grid retrieved from the photographing method and the kind of the grid detected by the grid detecting means are compared with each other, and if the selected grid is not appropriate, the display apparatus  17  can be given the function of displaying it. The photographing method shown in Table 2 and the corresponding table of the grid are preset and can be preserved in the applicable grid table memory section  45 .  
         [0046]    While in the above description, it is premised to have the means for detecting the characteristic of the grid, and in FIG. 3, there are shown the construction of the grid unit  15  and a method of discriminating between the presence and absence of the grid in the photographing apparatus and a grid of what characteristic is mounted, the mechanism can also be simplified as a construction having only the means for detecting the presence or absence of the grid.  
         [0047]    In this case, the determination as to a grid of what characteristic is mounted is effected by the use of discrete means. For example, there is adopted a construction in which the deviation of the present or absent state of the grid detected by grid presence or absence detecting means is monitored and whether the grid has been changed is detected by the presence or absence of a state in which the grid is absent, and when there is the replacement of the grid, a panel for requiring idle exposure for the selection of the kind of the grid is displayed on the display portion  12 .  
         [0048]    This idle exposure is photographed in a state in which there is no object and moreover, with the grid fixed. This fixed grid idle exposure image is analyzed by an image analyzing portion, not shown, provided discretely from the image processing portion  18 , whereby the determination of the kind of the grid is effected. Frequency analysis using Fourier conversion can be used as the image analyzing method, and specifically, at the position of spectrum, it is possible to determine the grid ratio by the period of the grid and the size of the spectrum. After grid judgment has been done by the use of such an image analyzing method, the result of the determination is used for the selection of the image processing parameter as previously described.  
         [0049]    As described above, the X-ray image photographing apparatus according to each of the above-described embodiments can detect the presence or absence, kind, etc. of the grid, and the execution of appropriate photographing or image processing becomes possible, and the grid device can be suitably utilized therefor.