Abstract:
The invention relates to an articulated vehicle with a joint between the vehicle parts. The joint includes two joint segments that are rotatable relative to each other. The joint comprises a damping device, wherein the damping device is configured in such a manner that in any angular position of the joint segments the damping torque acting on the joint is substantially the same in a positive as well as in a negative direction of rotation at the moment of a reversal of the direction of rotation.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims priority from European patent application Serial No. EP 12008029.6, filed Nov. 30, 2012, the entire content of which is incorporated herein in its entirety. 
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The invention relates to an articulated vehicle with a joint between the vehicle parts, wherein the joint includes two joint segments that are rotatable relative to each other, and wherein the joint comprises a damping device. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    Articulated vehicles with a vehicle joint with a damping device for damping the movements of the two vehicle parts connected by the vehicle joint during travel are known more specifically from road transport as so-called articulated buses. The vehicle joint hereby comprises two joint segments connected by a bearing, which allow such an articulated vehicle to bend in order to drive around a bend. One of the joint segments is connected to one vehicle part by way of metal rubber bearings, in order to allow pitch or to a small extent also rolling movements. 
         [0004]    Such a vehicle comprises a damping device. The damping device itself typically includes two piston cylinder dampers, which are disposed on the vehicle joint on both sides of the center longitudinal axis of the vehicle or of the vehicle joint. Hereby, the piston is disposed on one joint segment and the cylinder on the other joint segment in a respectively rotatable manner. More specifically when the articulated vehicle is a so-called pusher vehicle, a control system is provided, which adjusts the rigidity of the vehicle joint depending amongst others on the steering angle, the position of the two vehicle parts relative to each other and the travel speed. This is because in a pusher vehicle it is the rearmost axis of the articulated vehicle that is driven. In so-called puller buses, the drive occurs by way of the last axis of the front vehicle part, the rear part being merely pulled like a trailer. In such puller vehicles, such complex systems for control of the joint are not required. Pusher vehicles are very widely used; in this respect, the joints including the control systems for the damping device of the joint have proven their worth. 
         [0005]    However, the piston cylinder dampers are relatively bulky. Due to their size, such piston cylinder dampers currently in use are also heavy. When building articulated buses, one always aims to reduce their weight in order to save fuel, but also in order to increase the payload if necessary, or at least to keep it the same, especially since the weight of modern buses continuously increases due to additional assemblies such as ramps or air conditioning for example. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    The object underlying the invention therefore consists in providing a damping device with two piston cylinder dampers, the damping properties of which are the same as that of piston cylinder dampers known from the prior art but with a smaller construction volume and a reduced weight. 
         [0007]    The damping device is configured in such a manner that in any angular position of the joint segments relative to each other, the damping torque acting on the joint is substantially identical in the positive as well as in the negative direction of rotation at the moment of reversal of the direction of rotation. It should be noted that the piston cylinder dampers between the two joint segments are disposed on the joint segments on each side of the center longitudinal axis of the joint. When the two joint segments rotate relative to each other, one piston cylinder damper is located on the outer side and one piston cylinder damper on the inner side between the two bending joint segments, wherein this e.g. right piston cylinder damper shortens, whereas the e.g. left piston cylinder damper extends. It has turned out that the right piston cylinder damper, i.e. the piston cylinder damper that shortens, initiates a completely different damping torque curve from the left piston cylinder damper on the outer side of the vehicle joint, in that the initiated damping torques change depending on the angular position of the segments relative to each other and in accordance with the changing lever arm and the respectively effective surface area on the piston of the respective piston cylinder damper. The lever arm is the distance between the point of linkage of the piston cylinder damper to the joint segment and the center point of the rotational bearing, i.e. of the rotational axis. This distance is variable due to the movement of the point of linkage on a circular path around the rotational axis. 
         [0008]    In accordance with the present invention, the damping device is configured in such a manner that in any angular position of the joint segments relative to each other, the damping torque acting on the joint is identical or substantially identical in the positive as well as in the negative direction of rotation at the moment of reversal of the direction of rotation. Therefore, both piston cylinder dampers apply the same torque in total, at the moment of reversal of the direction of rotation. Incidentally, this behavior also has an exceedingly positive influence on vehicle dynamics in that in a damping device according to the prior art, jumps occur in the damping torque curve, which lead to abrupt movements of the vehicle parts, which can only be compensated for by a complex control system. 
         [0009]    The two piston cylinder dampers of a damping device having a smaller construction volume and lesser weight than those of the prior art are specifically characterized in that the two piston cylinder dampers themselves have means for adjusting the respective effective damping torque to be applied in such a manner that in any angular position of the two joint segments relative to each other the damping torque is substantially identical at the moment of reversal of the direction of rotation. This means that independently of the angular position, the total damping moment applied by both piston cylinder dampers taking into account the cylinder force and leverage is always substantially identical, but differs of course in the angular position. This means that the piston cylinder dampers of the damping device themselves have means by way of which at least an adjustment and ideally a match of the damping torque curves is achieved. In order to counteract the disadvantageous ratio between the lever arm and the cylinder force, it is proposed to provide at least one check valve in the piston with a flow direction from the cylinder side to the piston rod side for adjusting the effective damping moment of the two piston cylinder dampers. This means that the adjustment occurs purely mechanically. The thought behind this construction is that it has been discovered that the effective surface area on the one side of the piston is different from the effective surface area on the opposite side of the piston. In this context, in a conventional vehicle joint with an arrangement of customary piston cylinder dampers on both sides of the center longitudinal axis of the vehicle, when the right piston cylinder damper retracts, the left piston cylinder damper extends. In the right piston cylinder damper, it is the piston surface that acts, i.e. the surface that faces the cylinder bottom, whereas in the left piston cylinder damper, it is the annular surface that acts i.e. the piston surface minus the cross-section of the piston rod. In order to solve the problem of the different surface areas, it could be conceivable in this context to minimize the cross-section of the piston rod. However, it has turned out that the piston rod cannot be minimized so as to achieve a significant impact on the differences in damping torque between the two opposite piston cylinder dampers during a bending movement without losses in mechanical stability. However, with the arrangement of the at least one check valve, a compensation can occur in this respect, namely in that the damping force on the piston surface is reduced but remains the same on the ring surface. The free cross-section of the check valve hereby depends on the volume of the piston rod in the cylinder and the maximum movement speed of the piston in the cylinder. This means that if a high movement speed of the piston in the cylinder is applied, the check valve must be bigger. 
         [0010]    Experience has shown that by arranging such a check valve, the influence of the piston cylinder dampers onto the damping torque curve of both piston cylinder dampers can become the mirror image of each other (mirrored relative to the 0° plane), without having to minimize the piston rod. The force and thus the influence on the damping torque of both piston cylinder dampers are equal only when the angle of rotation is 0°, i.e. when both joint segments are in a straight position relative to each other. Thus, between e.g. −40° and 0°, the damping torque curve of the one damper equals the damping torque curve of the other damper in the range between e.g. −40° to 0°. This means for example that at an angle of +40°, the damping torque caused by the left outer piston cylinder damper gets close to 0, whereas the damping torque initiated by the right cylinder reaches an almost maximal value, while in return at −40° the torque initiated by the left piston cylinder damper also almost reaches the maximal value and the right piston cylinder damper has almost no effect. 
         [0011]    Since the volume flow to be displaced is reduced due to the check valve in the bottom of the piston, the volume of the storage space for the hydraulic fluid can also be minimized since only the differential volume must be moved through the hydraulic manifold. The differential volume is the volume that flows through the hydraulics controller minus the volume that flows through the check valve in the piston. It follows that the piston cylinder dampers according to the invention have a smaller constructional volume and a correspondingly lesser weight than in the prior art. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0012]    In the following, the invention is exemplarily explained in more detail based on the drawings. 
           [0013]      FIGS. 1 to 4  show a pivot joint of a vehicle with two joint segments in different angular positions of the joint segments relative to each other; 
           [0014]      FIG. 5  schematically shows the piston surface of the piston of a piston cylinder damper; 
           [0015]      FIG. 6  shows the annular surface of the piston of a piston cylinder damper; 
           [0016]      FIG. 7  shows the effective surface area of the piston of a piston cylinder damper with a check valve disposed in the piston; 
           [0017]      FIG. 8  schematically shows the damping torque curve in a piston cylinder damper with a conventional design; 
           [0018]      FIG. 9  schematically shows the damping torque curve of the piston cylinder damper with a check valve disposed in the piston; and 
           [0019]      FIG. 10  shows the hydraulics controller of both piston cylinder dampers with an emergency damping of a piston cylinder damper. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0020]    According to  FIGS. 1 to 4 , the joint is labeled  1  and features the two joint segments  2  and  3 . The two joint segments  2  and  3  are connected to each other by the rotational bearing  4 , wherein the rotational bearing  4  centrically forms the virtual rotational axis of the joint  1 . The piston cylinder dampers  10 ,  11  are located on both sides of the two joint segments  2 ,  3 , wherein the piston cylinder damper  10  is disposed on the right side of the joint and the piston cylinder damper  11  is disposed on the left side of the joint, and wherein each piston cylinder damper is rotatably connected to the two joint segments. The two piston cylinder dampers  10 ,  11  form the damping device  13 . Assuming that in the following explanations the left and right piston cylinder dampers are conventional piston cylinder dampers, i.e. such piston cylinder dampers that do not have a check valve in the piston with a flow direction toward the annular surface of the piston, the damping torque curve regarding the two piston cylinder dampers is such as shown in  FIG. 8 . The right cylinder visibly produces a completely different damping moment curve than the left cylinder. The course of the curve, which represents the addition of the damping torques from +54° to −54°, is here visibly completely different from the one going from −54° and +54°. This is substantially due to the fact that, as explained, the damping torque curves of the two piston cylinder dampers resulting from the damping forces combined with the corresponding lever arms HL, HR are different. 
         [0021]    In contrast, if one looks at  FIG. 9 , in which the piston cylinder dampers are equipped with pistons having a check valve with a flow direction toward the annular space or the annular surface of the piston, one can see that the damping torque curves, which result from the right cylinder as well as from the left cylinder, are the mirror image of each other. If one adds the values of the individual damping torques, one can see that the curves formed hereby are identical and thus superimposable from −54° to +54° as well as from +54° to −54°. This means that in each angular position, when the direction of rotation is reversed, the provided damping torque is always the same whether in a positive or in a negative direction of rotation of the joint. As has already been explained elsewhere, there are no torque jumps, which ultimately have a negative impact on the vehicle dynamics. 
         [0022]    This can be explained as follows: the effective surface area  7  of the piston on the side of the piston rod (annular surface) is smaller than the effective surface area  8  of the piston in the direction of the bottom of the cylinder (piston surface) by the cross-sectional surface area of the piston rod. The effects of the different surface areas  7 ,  8  at the same pressure are adjusted to each other by way of the check valve  17 ,  17   a  in such a manner that the forces resulting from the pressure and surface area are equal or at least adjusted. This means that the effective piston surface area in  FIG. 7  is reduced approximately to the surface area  8   a.    
         [0023]    However, the movement speed of the piston in the cylinder, i.e. the volume to be displaced per time unit, is also significant for designing the check valve  17 ,  17   a.  If the movement speed is high, the check valve will have to be designed bigger with regard to the free cross-sectional surface area. 
         [0024]    The two piston cylinder dampers as shown in  FIGS. 1 to 4  and labeled  10  and  11 , each have their own hydraulics controller  20 ,  30  ( FIG. 10 ). The two hydraulics controllers  20 ,  30  differ in that the hydraulics controller  30  allows for an emergency damping. If one first looks at the hydraulics controller  20  with the piston cylinder damper  10 , one can see that the cylinder has a storage space  15  for storing the hydraulic fluid. The storage space is formed by an annular space around the cylinder; this means that the cylinder is double-walled. The volume of the storage space or annular storage depends on the volume of fluid to be displaced by way of the hydraulics controller. The piston itself is labeled  16 , the check valve labeled  17  being located in the piston. The piston rod is labeled  14 . The piston space, i.e. the space oriented toward the cylinder is labeled  18  and the annular space is labeled  19 . 
         [0025]    The left piston cylinder damper  11  in the figure has the same configuration, which is why the reference numbers have been complemented with the letter a. 
         [0026]    The piston space  18 ,  18   a  as well as the annular space  19 ,  19   a  are respectively connected to the storage space  15 ,  15   a  by a check valve  23 ,  23   a  and  24 ,  24   a.  Two check valves  21 ,  21   a  and  22 ,  22   a,  which are disposed in opposite directions and also connect the piston space and the annular space to the hydraulics controller  20 ,  30  by way of the pipe  25 ,  25   a,  are also provided. 
         [0027]    If one first looks at the hydraulics controller  20 , one can see the proportional pressure relief valve labeled  26 . This proportional pressure relief valve  26  is actuated by a control device (not shown). The pressure sensor labeled  27  is provided for monitoring. On the output side, the proportional pressure relief valve  26  is in turn connected to the storage space  15  by way of the pipe  28 . 
         [0028]    The hydraulics controller  30  also has such a proportional pressure relief valve, which is labeled  26   a.  The valve  35  is connected in parallel to that proportional pressure relief valve  26   a  and is configured as a pressure relief valve and connected, like the proportional pressure relief valve  26   a,  with the 3/2-way valve  32 . On the output side, this 3/2-way valve  32  is in turn connected to the storage space  15   a  by way of the pipe  33 . 
         [0029]    Regarding the mode of operation, reference is first made to the hydraulics controller  20 . Here, as has already been explained, the proportional pressure relief valve  26  is provided and the damping moment is therefore adjustable by way of the proportional pressure relief valve. Generating the damping force occurs in each direction of movement of the piston. 
         [0030]    As has already been explained elsewhere, the hydraulics controller  30  comprises a so-called emergency damping in addition to the proportional pressure relief valve  26   a.  If the proportional pressure relief valve  26   a  fails, for example in case of a power failure, the flow toward the proportional pressure relief valve  26   a  is interrupted by the mechanical 3/2-way valve  32 . This can also be actively triggered by the control device. This means that under the load of the spring, the 3/2-way valve mechanically closes the path to the proportional pressure relief valve  26   a  and opens the path to the pressure relief valve  35 . This means that in case of a power failure, the hydraulics controller automatically switches into the “emergency damping” mode. 
       LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 
       [0000]    
       
           1  joint 
           2  joint segment 
           3  joint segment 
           4  rotational bearing 
           7  surface area of the piston on the piston rod side (annular surface) 
           8  surface area of the piston on the cylinder bottom side (piston surface) 
           10  piston cylinder damper 
           11  piston cylinder damper 
           13  damping device 
           14  piston rod 
           14   a  piston rod 
           15  storage space for the hydraulic fluid 
           15   a  storage space for the hydraulic fluid 
           16  piston 
           16   a  piston 
           17  check valve 
           17   a  check valve 
           18  piston space 
           18   a  piston space 
           19  annular space 
           19   a  annular space 
           20  hydraulics controller 
           21  check valve 
           21   a  check valve 
           22  check valve 
           22   a  check valve 
           23  check valve 
           23   a  check valve 
           24  check valve 
           24   a  check valve 
           25  pipe 
           25   a  pipe 
           26  proportional pressure relief valve 
           26   a  proportional pressure relief valve 
           27  pressure sensor 
           28  pipe 
           30  hydraulics controller 
           32  3/2-way valve 
           33  pipe 
           35  pressure relief valve