Abstract:
In a catadioptric projection objective for imaging a pattern of a mask arranged in an object surface (as) of the projection objective into an image field arranged in the image surface (IS) of the projection objective, with a demagnifying imaging scale, having at least one concave mirror (CM) and at least one intermediate image, the object plane and the image plane are originated parallel to one another. A deflection system (DS) for deflecting bundles of rays from one part of the projection objective into another part of the projection objective is arranged between the object plane and the image plane. The deflection system contains an image rotating reflection device which is designed to effect an image rotation through 180° by multiple reflection at planar reflection surfaces situated at an angle with respect to one anther, whereby the imaging scale has the same sign in two planes perpendicular to an optical axis and perpendicular to one another.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The invention relates to a catadioptric projection objective having at least one concave mirror and at least one intermediate image. A preferred field of application is projection objectives for microlithography which serve for imaging a pattern of a mask arranged in an object surface of the projection objective into an image field arranged in the image surface of the projection objective, with a demagnifying imaging scale. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Related Prior Art 
         [0004]    Catadioptric projection objectives of the R-C-R type have been known for many years. Such an imaging system comprises three cascaded (or concatenated) imaging subsystems, that is to say has two intermediate images. A first, refractive subsystem (abbreviation “R”) generates a first real intermediate image of an object. A second, catadioptric or catoptric subsystem (abbreviation “C”) with a concave mirror generates a real second intermediate image from the first intermediate image. A third, refractive subsystem images the second intermediate image into the image plane. The deflection of the beam path between these three subsystems is generally ensured by a deflection system having two plane mirrors oriented at a right angle with respect to one another. Object plane and image plane of the projection objective may thereby be oriented parallel to one another. 
         [0005]    Systems of this type have been described under many aspects in the specialist literature. In this respect, see inter alia the patent applications US 2003/0234912, US 2003/0197946, EP 1 191 378 and also the US provisional applications—filed by the applicant— 60 / 530 , 622  with application date Dec. 19, 2003 or 60/571,533 with application date May 17, 2004. The disclosure of these provisional applications is incorporated by reference in the content of this description. 
         [0006]    All these systems and system variants have a disadvantage: although the imaging scale of the system has the same value in two preferred planes perpendicular to one another, it nonetheless has different signs. This problem is also known as “image flip”. 
         [0007]    Refractive projection objectives and also many conventional catadioptric projection objectives of other types have no “image flip”. Therefore, a conventional R-C-R system cannot readily be used in a projection exposure apparatus which is designed for a refractive projection objective or for a conventional catadioptric projection objective without “image flip”. Rather, conventional R-C-R systems can be used in such an “old” machine only with corresponding adaptation of the mask (reticle). However, this is a cost-intensive task since the customer has to procure new masks which basically carry the same information as the old masks. 
         [0008]    Systems of the R-C-R type without “image flip” are also known. In the case of these systems, however, the object plane and the image plane are perpendicular to one another. Scanner operation is thereby made considerably more difficult. Systems of this type are described e.g. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,997. 
         [0009]    The U.S. Pat. No. 5,159,172 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,171,870 describe intermediate-image-free projection systems of the Dyson type which have no “image flip”. A roof prism is used here within the projection system. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0010]    One object of the invention is to provide catadioptric projection objectives of the R-C-R type which are suitable for use in wafer scanners and which make it possible to use masks which can also be used with refractive projection objectives or catadioptric projection objectives without “image flip”. 
         [0011]    These and other objects are achieved, in accordance with one aspect of the invention, by means of a catadioptric projection objective for lithography having an odd number of plane mirrors and an odd number of concave mirrors and at least one intermediate image. 
         [0012]    In accordance with another formulation of the invention, the object is achieved by means of a catadioptric projection objective for lithography having an even number of plane mirrors and an even number of concave mirrors and at least one intermediate image. 
         [0013]    In accordance with a further formulation of the invention, the object is achieved by means of a catadioptric projection objective for lithography formed from a first subsystem, which forms a first intermediate image, a second subsystem, which forms a second intermediate image, and comprises a concave mirror near the pupil, and a third subsystem, which images the second intermediate image onto the image plane, wherein an even number of mirrors is arranged in between the object plane and the concave mirror and an odd number of mirrors is arranged in between the concave mirror and the image plane. 
         [0014]    In accordance with a further formulation of the invention, the object is achieved by means of a projection objective for lithography formed from a first subsystem, which forms a first intermediate image, a second subsystem, which forms a second intermediate image, and comprises a concave mirror near the pupil, and a third subsystem, which images the second intermediate image onto the image plane, wherein an odd number of mirrors is arranged in between the object plane and the concave mirror and an even number of mirrors is arranged in between the concave mirror and the image plane. 
         [0015]    Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims. The wording of all the claims is incorporated by reference in the content of the description. 
         [0016]    When utilizing concave mirrors within a projection objective, it is necessary to use beam deflection devices if obscuration-free and vignetting-free imaging is to be achieved. Systems with geometric beam splitting, e.g. by means of one or a plurality of fully reflective folding mirrors (deflection mirrors), and also systems with physical beam splitting are known. Moreover, it is possible to use plane mirrors for folding the beam path. These are generally used in order to fulfill specific structural space requirements or in order to orient object plane and image plane parallel to one another. 
         [0017]    An arrangement of reflective surfaces that deflect bundles of rays from one part of the projection objective into another part is referred to hereinafter as “deflection system”. 
         [0018]    In preferred embodiments, the deflection system comprises an image rotating reflection device, which is designed to effect an image rotation through 180°, that is to say a complete erection of an image, by multiple reflection at planar reflection surfaces situated at an angle with respect to one another. This can be realized in compact form by roof-type design of reflecting surfaces. In one variant, a reflection prism (reflecting prism) is used for this purpose. The reflecting prism may be configured as a roof prism and contain a roof-type arrangement of planar reflecting surfaces. Reflection prisms in the manner of pentaprisms can also be used. In other embodiments, the image rotating reflection device is embodied as a pure mirror system in the manner of an angular mirror. 
         [0019]    The above and further features emerge not only from the claims but also from the description and from the drawings, in which case the individual features may be realized, and may represent embodiments which are advantageous and which are protectable per se, in each case on their own or as a plurality in the form of sub-combinations in embodiments of the invention and in other fields. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0020]      FIG. 1  schematically shows a reference system of the R-C-R type with image flip; 
           [0021]      FIG. 2  shows different embodiments of image rotating reflection devices, a roof prism being illustrated in (a) and an angular mirror being illustrated in (b); 
           [0022]      FIG. 3  shows an embodiment of an R-C-R system with a roof prism in the pupil space of the first, refractive subsystem; 
           [0023]      FIG. 4  shows an embodiment of an R-C-R system with a roof prism in the vicinity of the first intermediate image; 
           [0024]      FIG. 5  shows an embodiment of an R-C-R system with a roof prism between the second and third subsystems; 
           [0025]      FIG. 6  shows different embodiments of deflection systems in which a planar reflecting surface is formed by a reflecting inner surface of a prism; 
           [0026]      FIG. 7  shows an embodiment of an R-C-R system in which the beam path leading to the concave mirror and the beam path leading away from the concave mirror cross in the region of the deflection system; 
           [0027]      FIG. 8  shows a variant of the system in  FIG. 7  in which the reflecting surfaces of the deflection system are further away from the second intermediate image; 
           [0028]      FIG. 9  shows different variants of a deflection system with crossed and uncrossed beam path; 
           [0029]      FIG. 10  shows exemplary embodiments of deflection systems with a physical beam splitter having a planar, polarization-selective reflection layer in combination with a plane mirror (a) and with a concave mirror (b); 
           [0030]      FIG. 11  shows an embodiment of an R-C-R system with a deflection system having a physical beam splitter in the pupil space of the first subsystem; 
           [0031]      FIG. 12  shows an embodiment of an R-C-R system with a centered object field, the deflection system having a physical beam splitter; 
           [0032]      FIG. 13  shows an embodiment of an R-C-R system in which the deflection system comprises a physical beam splitter having two polarization-selective beam splitter layers that are offset parallel to one another; 
           [0033]      FIG. 14  shows an embodiment of an R-C-R system in which the deflection system has a physical beam splitter and a plane mirror arranged in the beam path upstream of the beam splitter; 
           [0034]      FIG. 15  ( a ) to ( d ) show different variants of deflection systems with a physical beam splitter and a deflection prism in the light path upstream and downstream of the beam splitter; 
           [0035]      FIG. 16  shows a lens section through an embodiment of an R-C-R system with a physical beam splitter, the first intermediate image being arranged upstream of the beam splitter and the second intermediate image being arranged between the beam splitter and a plane mirror; 
           [0036]      FIG. 17  shows a schematic illustration of the mirrors of a deflection system by means of which the optical axis of the projection objective is folded in two mutually perpendicular planes (three-dimensionally); and 
           [0037]      FIG. 18  shows a lens section through a projection objective of the type illustrated in  FIG. 17 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0038]    In the following description of preferred embodiments, the term “optical axis” denotes a straight line or a sequence of straight line sections through the centers of curvature of the optical components. The optical axis is folded at folding mirrors (deflection mirrors) or other reflective surfaces. In the examples, the object is a mask (reticle) having the pattern of an integrated circuit; a different pattern, for example of a grating, may also be involved. In the examples, the image is projected onto a wafer that is provided with a photoresist layer and serves as a substrate. Other substrates, for example elements for liquid crystal displays or substrates for optical gratings, are also possible. 
         [0039]    The traditional construction of a system of the R-C-R type is illustrated in  FIG. 1  on the basis of a reference system REF—not associated with the invention—with “image flip”. In this case, the imaging scale has opposite signs in two planes that are perpendicular to the optical axis OA and perpendicular to one another. The system serves for imaging a pattern arranged in an object plane OS of the projection objective into an image plane IS of the projection objective. It comprises three cascaded imaging subsystems, that is to say has precisely two real intermediate images. It has a first, refractive subsystem formed from a first lens group LG 1  and a second lens group LG 2 , a second, catadioptric subsystem formed from a concave mirror CM, a lens group LG 21  near the field and a second lens group LG 22 , and a third, refractive subsystem formed from two lens groups LG 31  and LG 32 . Situated between the lens groups LG 11  and LG 12 , and respectively between the lens groups LG 31  and LG 32 , is a pupil surface (PS) in which an aperture diaphragm may be used. 
         [0040]    The second subsystem may be embodied with or without the first group LG 21  near the field (in this respect, see e.g. WO 2004/019128 for systems without a lens group near the field, or the applicant&#39;s U.S. provisional application 60/571,533 with application date May 17, 2004 for systems with a lens group near the field. The disclosure of this provisional application is incorporated by reference in the content of this description.) 
         [0041]    The deflection of the beam path between these three subsystems is ensured by a deflection system (DS). The latter is realized by means of a prism DS in  FIG. 1 , said prism&#39;s externally mirror-coated cathetus surfaces oriented at right angles to one another serving as reflecting surfaces. 
         [0042]    In the following exemplary embodiments, the same reference identifications are used in each case for corresponding components and other features. 
         [0043]    The solution approaches realized in the present embodiments essentially relate to the deflection system. In the sense of this invention, “deflection system” should be understood to mean an arrangement of reflective surfaces which guide the bundles of rays from one part of the system to the subsequent part of the system and connect the optical axes of the subsystems to one another, to be precise in particular such that the image plane IS and the object plane OS of the objective run parallel to one another. 
         [0044]    The position of the intermediate images relative to the deflection system and to the groups LG 12 , LG 21  and LG 31  present can vary. The positioning of the intermediate images in the vicinity of the deflection system is expedient. 
         [0045]    The way in which the object is achieved in the embodiments is essentially based on the incorporation of an additional reflective surface in comparison with conventional systems. Where and in what arrangement said surface is incorporated differentiates the solution approaches. 
         [0046]    A first solution approach relates to the incorporation of a “roof edge” into the projection objective. The roof edge with a roof-type design of reflecting surfaces is intended to effect an image rotation through 180 degrees and preferably has two planar reflecting surfaces situated at a right angle with respect to one another. 
         [0047]    Said “roof edge” may be realized both by means of a half cube prism and by means of two combined reflecting surfaces. Two expedient types of embodiment are illustrated in  FIGS. 2(   a ) and  2 ( b ). In the case of the one-piece variant of a roof-edge deflection prism in (a), the relative arrangement of the reflecting surfaces is stable. Since the relative position of the reflective surfaces plays an important part, this may be advantageous. However, a half cube prism with a roof edge can be produced with the required precision only with a high outlay. Detailed descriptions of deflection prisms of this type are found in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,159,172 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,171,870. The advantage of the construction with two separate plane mirrors (b) is that both mirrors can be adjusted separately (individually). 
         [0048]    The roof edge is explained below using the example of a roof prism, but both variants (a) and (b) are to be understood by this. 
         [0049]    A first expedient position is in the first subsystem.  FIG. 3  illustrates such an arrangement in which the roof edge is arranged in the pupil space of the first subsystem. 
         [0050]    A second expedient position for a roof edge is the vicinity of the first intermediate image. The latter arises downstream of the first subsystem, that is to say downstream of the group LG 12 . The roof edge may be inserted between the first and second or between the second and third subsystems.  FIG. 4  shows such an arrangement. 
         [0051]    A further expedient position is in the vicinity of the second intermediate image, that is to say between the second and third subsystems.  FIG. 5  illustrates this arrangement. 
         [0052]    It is also expedient to represent the reflective surface by a prism. Various embodiments of the deflection system are illustrated in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0053]      FIG. 7  illustrates further embodiments. The wider installation space for the deflection system is particularly expedient here. 
         [0054]    An arrangement in accordance with  FIG. 8  is also possible. Here the reflecting surfaces are further away from the second intermediate image. 
         [0055]    A second solution approach consists in incorporating a 90° deflection system formed from an even number of successive reflecting surfaces whose normals are parallel. Embodiments of angular mirrors having precisely two plane mirrors are appropriate here. Owing to the use in the divergent beam path, these arrangements can be used well in a manner free of vignetting (or shading) primarily at small apertures. 
         [0056]      FIGS. 9(   a ) to ( d ) show embodiments of the deflection system with a crossed and uncrossed beam path. Some beam guidances are also possible using prisms. By way of example, the beam guidance according to (a) can also be achieved using a pentaprism. 
         [0057]    A third solution approach is based on the use of a beam splitter cube with a beam splitter surface (BSS) in combination with a mirror in order to deflect the beam path by 90°. 
         [0058]    An exemplary construction is illustrated in  FIG. 10 , on the one hand with a plane mirror PM and on the other hand with a curved mirror CM. The physical beam splitter has a planar, polarization-selective beam splitter surface BSS. A λ/ 4  plate is inserted between the beam splitter and the mirror PM or CM. The reflecting surfaces of the mirrors may be aspherized or planar or spherically curved. 
         [0059]    A first preferred location for incorporating said deflection system is in the pupil space of the first subsystem. The construction is illustrated in  FIG. 11 . 
         [0060]    A further preferred incorporation location is in the vicinity of the intermediate images. Two further variants may be differentiated here: with a centered field and with an uncentered field. 
         [0061]    In a first embodiment of the first variant, the beam splitter cube is incorporated in such a way that the field of the objective can be positioned in a manner centered with respect to the optical axis.  FIG. 12  illustrates a preferred arrangement. 
         [0062]    It is expedient to position the first intermediate image upstream of the beam splitter and the second intermediate image between the beam splitter and the plane mirror.  FIG. 16  shows an exemplary embodiment. 
         [0063]    The specification of the design shown in  FIG. 16  is summarized in tabular form in table 1. In this case, column  1  specifies the number of the refractive surface, reflective surface or surface distinguished in some other way, column  2  specifies the radius r of the surface (in mm), column  3  specifies the distance d between the surface and the succeeding surface (in mm), column  4  specifies the material of a component and column  5  specifies the maximum usable semidiameters in mm. The reflective surfaces are indicated in column  6 . 
         [0064]    In the embodiment, thirteen of the surfaces are aspherical, namely the surfaces  2 ,  7 ,  14 ,  19 ,  25 ,  29 ,  37 ,  41 ,  55 ,  56 ,  58 ,  63  and  73 . Table 1A specifies the corresponding aspherical data, the sagittae of the aspherical surfaces being calculated according to the following specification: 
         [0000]        p ( h )=[((1 /r ) h   2 )/(1 +SQRT (1−(1 +K )(1 /r ) 2   h   2 ))]+ C 1 *h   4   +C 2 *h   6 + . . . 
         [0065]    In this case, the reciprocal (1/r) of the radius specifies the surface curvature at the surface vertex and h specifies the distance between a surface point and the optical axis. Consequently, p(h) specifies said sagitta, that is to say the distance between the surface point and the surface vertex in the z direction, that is to say in the direction of the optical axis. The constants K, C 1 , C 2  . . . are reproduced in table 1A. 
         [0066]    The immersion objective shown in  FIG. 16  is designed for an operating wavelength of approximately 193 nm, at which the synthetic quartz glass (SiO 2 ) used for most of the lenses (with the exception of the two CaF 2  lenses nearest the image) has a refractive index of n=1.5602. It is adapted to ultrapure water as immersion medium (n i =1.4367 at 193 nm) and has an image-side working distance of 4 mm. The image-side numerical aperture NA is 1,2, the imaging scale is 4:1. The system is designed for an image field with a size of 26×5 mm 2 . 
         [0067]    A second embodiment has the advantage that the spurious light can be reduced by means of a second polarization-selective beam splitter surface BSS. Said spurious light essentially comprises light which is transmitted by the beam splitter surface BSS instead of being reflected. A corresponding solution has also been proposed in a different context in the applicant&#39;s WO 2004 092801.  FIG. 13  illustrates an exemplary construction. 
         [0068]    A preferred embodiment of the second variant is illustrated in  FIG. 14 . Here the beam path between object plane and concave mirror is folded by means of a plane mirror, and the beam splitter with the adjacent plane mirror in accordance with  FIG. 10  is used for folding between the concave mirror and the image plane. 
         [0069]    The opposite order is also possible. 
         [0070]      FIG. 14  illustrates this arrangement. Various other constructions of the deflection system with folding of the optical axis OA are shown in  FIG. 15 . 
         [0071]    In another preferred arrangement, the mirror has an aspherical surface. This mirror can thus act on field-dependent aberrations since it is situated directly near the field. 
         [0072]    The intermediate image in direct proximity to the mirror may be positioned upstream of the mirror or downstream of the mirror in the beam propagation direction. It is thus possible to decide what subsystem the mirror belongs to. 
         [0073]    This principle can be applied to all the design variants of this notification of invention and thus generates classes of systems with two intermediate images which are part of this invention. 
         [0074]    A further variant is for the system to be folded 3-dimensionally. A schematic diagram of this arrangement is illustrated in  FIG. 17 . Here the object field or object plane OS and image field or image plane IS are perpendicular to one another. A plurality of folding mirrors FM are provided, the folding planes of the folding mirrors FM 1  and FM 2  and also the folding planes of the folding mirrors FM 2  and FM 3  in each case being perpendicular to one another. To simplify the illustration, the illustration of the lens groups has been dispensed with in the diagram. A schematic perspective view of such a system with lens groups is illustrated in  FIG. 18 . 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 SURFACE 
                 RADIUS 
                 DISTANCE 
                 MATERIAL 
                 ½ DIAM. 
                 TYPE 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 0 
                 0.000000000 
                 40.831379976 
                 AIR 
                 52.953 
                   
               
               
                 1 
                 0.000000000 
                 24.835799484 
                 AIR 
                 65.702 
               
               
                 2 
                 234.630584765 
                 19.429927130 
                 SIO2 
                 77.200 
               
               
                 3 
                 882.148666373 
                 46.883533441 
                 AIR 
                 78.149 
               
               
                 4 
                 168.069962564 
                 51.258373323 
                 SIO2 
                 91.413 
               
               
                 5 
                 −474.467452503 
                 39.922503272 
                 AIR 
                 89.565 
               
               
                 6 
                 −227.670003620 
                 15.029746528 
                 SIO2 
                 78.890 
               
               
                 7 
                 −206.868547526 
                 14.143757015 
                 AIR 
                 78.106 
               
               
                 8 
                 86.948835427 
                 41.655013939 
                 SIO2 
                 64.884 
               
               
                 9 
                 537.143522653 
                 28.733941903 
                 AIR 
                 57.011 
               
               
                 10 
                 207.952018841 
                 15.071910871 
                 SIO2 
                 40.526 
               
               
                 11 
                 106.536992025 
                 19.355848139 
                 AIR 
                 40.905 
               
               
                 12 
                 0.000000000 
                 5.000000000 
                 SIO2 
                 44.214 
               
               
                 13 
                 0.000000000 
                 38.858864961 
                 AIR 
                 45.140 
               
               
                 14 
                 −77.054273793 
                 14.998448433 
                 SIO2 
                 50.631 
               
               
                 15 
                 −78.501918289 
                 39.212334529 
                 AIR 
                 56.545 
               
               
                 16 
                 −257.255659305 
                 35.872350986 
                 SIO2 
                 72.013 
               
               
                 17 
                 −110.014113342 
                 1.212603544 
                 AIR 
                 76.470 
               
               
                 18 
                 394.013193318 
                 20.991811294 
                 SIO2 
                 74.733 
               
               
                 19 
                 −1471.352774030 
                 99.079837362 
                 AIR 
                 74.057 
               
               
                 20 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                 AIR 
                 93.422 
               
               
                 21 
                 0.000000000 
                 19.988076183 
                 AIR 
                 93.422 
               
               
                 22 
                 0.000000000 
                 60.000000000 
                 SIO2 
                 97.744 
               
               
                 23 
                 0.000000000 
                 −60.000000000 
                 SIO2 
                 108.913 
                 REFL 
               
               
                 24 
                 0.000000000 
                 −0.985111420 
                 AIR 
                 114.171 
               
               
                 25 
                 −178.398872599 
                 −64.451787326 
                 SIO2 
                 124.254 
               
               
                 26 
                 47144.919255000 
                 −126.903968181 
                 AIR 
                 121.481 
               
               
                 27 
                 0.000000000 
                 −4.983157099 
                 SIO2 
                 91.630 
               
               
                 28 
                 0.000000000 
                 −99.278790116 
                 AIR 
                 90.894 
               
               
                 29 
                 104.310941407 
                 −14.990241988 
                 CAF2 
                 73.774 
               
               
                 30 
                 1166.151013050 
                 −41.319355870 
                 AIR 
                 77.281 
               
               
                 31 
                 97.189754599 
                 −14.997346418 
                 SIO2 
                 77.798 
               
               
                 32 
                 328.968784100 
                 −28.451179600 
                 AIR 
                 96.333 
               
               
                 33 
                 152.464438200 
                 28.451179600 
                 AIR 
                 99.858 
                 REFL 
               
               
                 34 
                 328.968784100 
                 14.997346418 
                 SIO2 
                 94.919 
               
               
                 35 
                 97.189754599 
                 41.319355870 
                 AIR 
                 72.620 
               
               
                 36 
                 1166.151013050 
                 14.990241988 
                 CAF2 
                 69.049 
               
               
                 37 
                 104.310941407 
                 99.278790116 
                 AIR 
                 64.436 
               
               
                 38 
                 0.000000000 
                 4.983157099 
                 SIO2 
                 72.147 
               
               
                 39 
                 0.000000000 
                 126.903968181 
                 AIR 
                 72.460 
               
               
                 40 
                 47144.919255000 
                 64.451787326 
                 SIO2 
                 85.141 
               
               
                 41 
                 −178.398872599 
                 0.985111420 
                 AIR 
                 87.846 
               
               
                 42 
                 0.000000000 
                 60.000000000 
                 SIO2 
                 83.174 
               
               
                 43 
                 0.000000000 
                 55.000000000 
                 SIO2 
                 76.101 
               
               
                 44 
                 0.000000000 
                 15.000000000 
                 AIR 
                 77.022 
               
               
                 45 
                 0.000000000 
                 5.000000000 
                 SIO2 
                 77.414 
               
               
                 46 
                 0.000000000 
                 4.998648774 
                 AIR 
                 77.498 
               
               
                 47 
                 0.000000000 
                 14.922600900 
                 AIR 
                 77.629 
               
               
                 48 
                 0.000000000 
                 −19.921249600 
                 AIR 
                 80.516 
                 REFL 
               
               
                 49 
                 0.000000000 
                 −5.000000000 
                 SIO2 
                 84.786 
               
               
                 50 
                 0.000000000 
                 −15.000000000 
                 AIR 
                 85.463 
               
               
                 51 
                 0.000000000 
                 −55.000000000 
                 SIO2 
                 88.683 
               
               
                 52 
                 0.000000000 
                 60.000000000 
                 SIO2 
                 99.565 
                 REFL 
               
               
                 53 
                 0.000000000 
                 1.292050190 
                 AIR 
                 104.316 
               
               
                 54 
                 160.238753201 
                 58.643851457 
                 SIO2 
                 115.110 
               
               
                 55 
                 1539.574726680 
                 204.762003530 
                 AIR 
                 110.827 
               
               
                 56 
                 −98.821667962 
                 15.033218821 
                 SIO2 
                 73.993 
               
               
                 57 
                 281.947105707 
                 39.811843611 
                 AIR 
                 90.480 
               
               
                 58 
                 1032.758041210 
                 45.208136748 
                 CAF2 
                 112.549 
               
               
                 59 
                 −238.930889650 
                 19.616124743 
                 AIR 
                 119.023 
               
               
                 60 
                 −1799.453558600 
                 66.953749014 
                 SIO2 
                 142.118 
               
               
                 61 
                 −207.938962450 
                 1.009091703 
                 AIR 
                 146.289 
               
               
                 62 
                 267.862557732 
                 44.694260176 
                 SIO2 
                 148.658 
               
               
                 63 
                 −3063.973189630 
                 29.485430853 
                 AIR 
                 146.473 
               
               
                 64 
                 0.000000000 
                 4.994716106 
                 SIO2 
                 143.411 
               
               
                 65 
                 0.000000000 
                 51.529572618 
                 AIR 
                 142.900 
               
               
                 66 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                 AIR 
                 134.600 
               
               
                 67 
                 0.000000000 
                 −10.409005230 
                 AIR 
                 134.600 
               
               
                 68 
                 496.198070169 
                 39.380914612 
                 SIO2 
                 134.157 
               
               
                 69 
                 −816.531445817 
                 1.337633986 
                 AIR 
                 132.804 
               
               
                 70 
                 405.762408860 
                 30.931367239 
                 SIO2 
                 122.739 
               
               
                 71 
                 −3906.368664640 
                 1.770096841 
                 AIR 
                 119.504 
               
               
                 72 
                 264.903018122 
                 40.816514120 
                 CAF2 
                 105.065 
               
               
                 73 
                 −1374.614175850 
                 1.236658956 
                 AIR 
                 96.024 
               
               
                 74 
                 58.335417466 
                 65.931363764 
                 CAF2 
                 55.136 
               
               
                 75 
                 0.000000000 
                 4.000000000 
                 H2O 
                 19.336 
               
               
                 76 
                 0.000000000 
                 0.000000000 
                 AIR 
                 13.238 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1A 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (Aspheric constants) 
               
               
                 ASPHERIC CONSTANTS 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 SURFACE NO. 2 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −2.40859863e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.96102813e−012 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −2.42786852e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                  2.28748743e−020 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −3.13847872e−024 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                  1.46201998e−028 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 7 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                  9.78727900e−008 
               
               
                   
                   
                 −4.55097170e−012 
               
               
                   
                   
                  2.23376826e−016 
               
               
                   
                   
                 −1.33101685e−022 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.75057153e−025 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −4.49177367e−030 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 14 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −1.56447353e−007 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.37527588e−011 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −2.68588034e−015 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −4.43308713e−019 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                  5.81449637e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −3.37201644e−026 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 19 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −1.67973639e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                  9.21782642e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −2.40287512e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                  4.99311535e−022 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −2.50632511e−027 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −4.26339932e−033 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 25 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                  1.50986574e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                  1.61429407e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                  1.00711588e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                  1.01194446e−022 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.29785682e−027 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                  3.47807152e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 29 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −1.06775477e−007 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −4.68448729e−012 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −2.54979072e−016 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −8.64198359e−020 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                  8.65154365e−024 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −1.26264346e−027 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 37 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −1.06775477e−007 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −4.68448729e−012 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −2.54979072e−016 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −8.64198359e−020 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                  8.65154365e−024 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −1.26264346e−027 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 41 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                  1.50986574e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                  1.61429407e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                  1.00711588e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                  1.01194446e−022 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.29785682e−027 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                  3.47807152e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 55 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                  3.37680914e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.74520526e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −7.65940570e−018 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                  8.16192807e−022 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −4.90450761e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                  1.36016400e−030 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 56 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −1.64836185e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                  1.63936415e−012 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                  1.13311068e−016 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −2.21643833e−020 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                  1.89992292e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −1.30669454e−028 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 58 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                 −2.09930925e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −7.99169263e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −1.79935060e−018 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                  6.94803196e−022 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −3.35575740e−026 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −3.69922630e−031 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 63 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                  3.31517860e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                 −1.35034732e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                  1.77244051e−018 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                 −5.94505518e−023 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −1.26459008e−027 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                  4.18668155e−032 
               
             
          
           
               
                 SURFACE NO. 73 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 K 
                  0.0000 
               
               
                   
                 C1 
                  1.64882664e−008 
               
               
                   
                 C2 
                  3.43814940e−013 
               
               
                   
                 C3 
                 −2.19233871e−017 
               
               
                   
                 C4 
                  1.16363297e−021 
               
               
                   
                 C5 
                 −5.75706559e−028 
               
               
                   
                 C6 
                 −5.12478609e−031