Abstract:
A treadmill ergometer for therapeutic applications and/or intense running training is connected to one or more force pull-out units. The force pull-out units can be connected at the free end area thereof to limbs and/or the body of a training person in such a way that a force is applied to the limb(s) or the body when the limb and/or the body moves.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a U.S. National Phase Application under U.S.C. §371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/DE2011/001955, filed Nov. 11, 2011, and claims the benefit of German Patent Application No. 20 2010 015 329.8, filed Nov. 12, 2010, all of which are incorporated by reference herein. The International Application was published in German on May 18, 2012 as International Publication No. WO/2012/062283 under PCT Article 21(2). 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a treadmill ergometer having adapted pulling and measuring units for therapeutic applications and for gait training and running training. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    There are known training concepts in which treadmill training involves using expander straps or elastic bands that are held by the therapists to offer a resistance to the person undertaking the training, or to provide relief to the lower extremities, and patented pulling units, to be specific those of EP 1 221 331, which are fastened to fitness devices, profiled bars for use on fitness devices shown in DE 597 08 289 or else walls and rubber pulling straps with tension balances and belaying cleats integrated on the pulling hooks for indicating and setting the training force, as presented to the public for the first time on the Body-Spider fitness device at the FIBO fitness trade fair in Essen at the end of April 2000. 
         [0004]    There are other known training concepts in which treadmill training involves using a device and a method known from EP 1 137 378 for automating the treadmill therapy. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    The invention is based on the object or addresses the technical problem of providing on the basis of the cited prior art a device which during treadmill training also optimally allows the training of the upper body half, the pulling of the force pull-outs, from positions that are specifically desired and can be changed during the training, for corresponding gait patterns and gait corrections, the relieving of the lower extremities, the recording by measuring instruments of the pulling-out forces and positions of the pulling units, documented and prescribed as a training plan, and also forming the device in such a way that there is no additional source of potential risk and the device can be adapted as easily as possible to different treadmills. 
         [0006]    The treadmill ergometer according to the invention contains adapted pulling and measuring units for therapeutic applications and more intensive running training. 
         [0007]    The treadmill ergometer according to the invention is accordingly distinguished by the fact that there is/are connected to the treadmill ergometer at least one, in particular a number of, force pull-out unit(s), which can be connected in its/their free end region to limbs and/or the body of a training person in such a way that, when there is movement of the limbs and/or the body, a force is exerted on the limb/limbs or the body. 
         [0008]    In a structurally particularly simple embodiment, the force pull-out units are preferably formed such that they can be pulled out elastically, in particular comprising a pulling cable. 
         [0009]    An embodiment providing the optimum training possibilities, having a left-hand and a right-hand front training unit, is distinguished in terms of the object presented or in terms of the problem presented by the fact that both training units are attached pivotably to the entry of the treadmill, and that these training units are formed with modified pulling units, which are displaceable in the vertical direction. 
         [0010]    An embodiment providing the optimum training possibilities, having a left-hand and a right-hand rear training unit, attached to the end of the treadmill ergometer, is distinguished in terms of the object presented or the problem presented by the fact that both training units are formed with modified pulling units, which are displaceable both in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction. 
         [0011]    According to the invention, the treadmill ergometer is fitted with pulling units which are attached to the entry and the end of the treadmill ergometer and are formed in such a way that the pulling units are pivotably attached to the entry of the treadmill ergometer, in order that an individual position of the pulling units can be realized. An essential aspect here is that these pulling units can be displaced both in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction, the pulled-out forces and positions of the pulling units can be recorded by measuring instruments, documented and predetermined as a training plan, so that this invention meets the given requirements in particular in the area of therapeutic application. An important criterion in the case of the invention is also that these pulling units can be fastened to different treadmill ergometers, without modifying the latter, by corresponding adapters. 
         [0012]    A preferred refinement of the invention is distinguished by the fact that all of the displaceable pulling units are led over a guiding bar, in particular formed as a square, provided with locking holes, and, provided with a locking pin, can be locked in the desired position. 
         [0013]    In order that a pretensioning of the pulling-out forces, and consequently an increase thereof, is possible in the case of these displaceable pulling units, the invention is distinguished by the fact that the belaying cleats that are described in the prior art and are depicted in  FIG. 1  are not arranged separately but are integrated in the displaceable pulling units, and consequently are displaceable with the pulling unit. 
         [0014]    A further refinement of the invention is distinguished by the fact that the displaceable pulling units, adapted to commercially available linear units, can be brought into the desired training position by means of electromotive adjustment, in particular triggered by a deadman switch, both in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction. 
         [0015]    An exclusive version of the invention is distinguished by the fact that the displaceable and pivotable pulling units, adapted to commercially available linear units, can be brought into the desired training position by means of electromotive adjustment with integrated position monitoring, triggered by a data transfer from a central unit, or by a deadman switch, both in the horizontal and vertical directions and in the pivoting axes of the front pulling units. 
         [0016]    A further exclusive version of the invention is distinguished by the fact that the pulling units do not consist of rubber pulling units (known colloquially as “expanders”), but of cables that are fastened to other pulling force elements, for example to commercially available electronic servo drives, pneumatic or hydraulic drives, weight plates with roller deflection, torsion spring pretensioning devices or comparable pulling devices which produce a settable pulling force and/or also are adjustable during training in the pulling force and in the pulling direction manually or electronically or automatically on the basis of a program presetting or maximum value/minimum value parameter presetting. 
         [0017]    A further exclusive version of the device is distinguished by the fact that in a treadmill ergometer there are incorporated in the running surface commercially available force measurements and/or pressure distributions, which on a display give a visual check-back indication (biofeedback) to the test person and thus show the test person the success of the gait pattern improvement, and in addition electronically control the pulling units in the pulling loading and/or pulling direction in such a way that the gait pattern of the test person corresponds to the presettings of the therapist and the standard values and/or are synchronized and/or leads to an identical gait pattern and identical ground reaction forces on both feet. 
         [0018]    For an exact determination of the pulled pulling forces, in a further embodiment of the invention the pulling units that are disclosed in the prior art are modified in such a way that the deflection rollers of the pulling units are arranged separately, provided with a centrally connected linear potentiometer, and these data determined by measuring instruments are indicated on a display, attached to the pulling units. 
         [0019]    An exclusive version of the invention is distinguished by the fact that the measurement data of the built-in linear potentiometers are evaluated by data transfer to a central unit and the respective difference obtained from the initial value and the end value is also used for the purpose of determining the respective training cycles. 
         [0020]    With the use of a central unit, the linear potentiometers, the motor-adjustable pulling units and the positional monitoring thereof, the determination, evaluation, indication and preparation of training plans and storing of training plans, in particular for reproducible training, and the documentation of all the training-relevant parameters, are possible by a bidirectional data transfer. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
         [0021]    The invention and advantageous embodiments and developments of the same are described and explained in more detail below on the basis of the examples represented in the drawings. The features that can be taken from the description and the drawings can be applied according to the invention individually on their own or multiply in any desired combination. 
           [0022]      FIG. 1  shows the prior art with respect to the built-in pulling units of the increase of the pulling forces by means of pretensioning the rubber pulling strap ( FIG. 1   a )), and the subsequent placing of the pretensioned rubber pulling strap into the respective belaying cleat ( FIG. 1   b )), and in an enlargement the indicated pulling forces of the spring tension balances during the pretensioning ( FIG. 1   c )), the indicated initial force during the pulling of the actual training pull-out ( FIG. 1   d )), the structure of the spring tension balances in the non-screwed state ( FIG. 1   e )), and in the screwed state, adjusted for indicating the almost exact pulling forces ( FIG. 1   f )), likewise, in an enlargement, and the schematic representation of a training loop ( FIG. 1   g )), which for training can be clipped into the pulling hooks of the force pull-outs and is ideally suited for training on this unit, 
           [0023]      FIG. 2  shows the pulling units, modified for the attachment to a treadmill ergometer, in a front view ( FIG. 2   a )), and in a side view ( FIG. 2   b )), 
           [0024]      FIG. 3  shows the setting steps on a modified pulling unit for training with increased pulling force by pulling out the desired pull-out ( FIG. 3   a )), an enlargement of the indication of the desired increased pulling force ( FIG. 3   b )), the subsequent placing in the belaying cleat ( FIG. 3   c )), the subsequent pulling out of the actual training pull-out ( FIG. 3   d )), the increased initial force, identical in amount to the previously set increased pulling force ( FIG. 3   e )) in an enlargement, and the desired final force in the training sequence ( FIG. 3   f )), likewise in an enlargement ( FIG. 3   g )), 
           [0025]      FIG. 4  shows the setting steps on a modified pulling unit for training with reduced pulling force by displacing the deflection roller units in relation to one another as an example of the difference in pulling force, with the same pulling-out length, in a first view ( FIG. 4   a )) and an enlargement of the indicated pulling force ( FIG. 4   b )), when training without a pulling force reduction, and a view with the displaced deflection roller unit ( FIG. 4   c )) with an enlargement of the indication of the reduced pulling force ( FIG. 4   d )), 
           [0026]      FIG. 5  shows in a side view ( FIG. 5   a )) a treadmill ergometer with adapted front and rear training units, the rear training unit being fastened to a weight-relieving and safety system, in a plan view ( FIG. 5   b )) the adjustment possibilities of the front training unit with different force pull-out angles, and in a side view ( FIG. 5   c )) the adaptation of the rear training unit directly into the profile cross sections of handrail tubes, 
           [0027]      FIG. 6  shows in a front view a treadmill ergometer having an adapted front training unit and, on a weight-relieving and safety system, shown cut away for the sake of clarity, an adapted rear training unit, 
           [0028]      FIG. 7  shows a detail of the front right-hand training unit in a front view ( FIG. 7   a )) and in a plan view ( FIG. 7   c )), which shows the possibility of fastening to a treadmill ergometer, and in a side view ( FIG. 7   b )) the operating principle of the locking elements for the adjustment of the front training units, 
           [0029]      FIG. 8  shows for clarification in a side view the fastening of the rear training units to a weight relieving system ( FIG. 8   a )), an enlargement of this fastening ( FIG. 8   b )), the adaptation of the rear training unit directly into the profile cross sections of handrail tubes ( FIG. 8   c )) and in two enlargements ( FIG. 8   d )) and ( FIG. 8   e )) the method of functioning of the clamping of this mechanism in the handrail tubes, and the fastening of the front training units ( FIG. 8   f )) and in an enlargement ( FIG. 8   g )) the fastening of this training unit in the frame profile of treadmill ergometers, 
           [0030]      FIG. 9  shows as examples of exercises the training of the upper body half on the rear training units and the lower body half on the front training units ( FIG. 9   a )), the training of the upper and lower body halves on the front training units ( FIG. 9   b )), and the training of the upper body half on the individually adaptable rear training units ( FIG. 9   c )), 
           [0031]      FIG. 10  shows as examples of exercises the therapeutic application of the rear training units, used as a pulling aid for the locomotion of handicapped persons ( FIG. 10   a ), and the application with a still greater degree of handicap of the left leg, the front pulling unit being used as a damper against extension of the left leg ( FIG. 10   b )), 
           [0032]      FIG. 11  shows the built-in integration of a measuring unit into the training units for the controlling, monitoring and documenting of all relevant training data in a plan view ( FIG. 11   a )), and in a side view ( FIG. 11   b )), 
           [0033]      FIG. 12  shows a modified, rear training unit, which ensures a motorized positioning of the deflection roller units, and 
           [0034]      FIG. 13  shows the block diagram of the motor-adjustable front and rear training units, with the respectively integrated measuring units, the indicating displays on the respective training units, and the interlinking of the displays to a central control unit. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0035]    According to  FIGS. 5 ,  6 ,  9 ,  10 , a treadmill ergometer  300  has a front training unit  400 , which by means of adapter unit  450  to the right-hand front side of the treadmill ergometer, and an adapter unit  460  to the left-hand front side of the treadmill ergometer, which are fastened in the respective frame profiles  304 , a rear training unit  500 , which is fastened by means of an adapter unit  510  to a weight-relieving and safety system  301 , or by means of an adapter unit for treadmill handrails  520  in such a way that there is the possibility of realizing this without additionally providing bores or fastening means welded to the treadmill ergometer  300 . 
         [0036]    According to  FIGS. 7 and 8   f , the adapter units  450  and  460  are fastened in the frame profiles  304  in such a way that, as a first step, the treadmill foot with fastening nut  458  is removed, the adapter units  450  and  460  are set against the frame profile  304 , the treadmill foot with fastening nut  458  is screwed again through the fastening bore  453  of the flange plate at the bottom  452 , and, as additional fastening, self-tapping screws  457 , screwed into the thread  455  of the flange plate  454 , are screwed end-on into the corners of the frame profile  304 , is fastened, the stop  456  serving as an additional fixing aid during the fastening. 
         [0037]    According to  FIGS. 5 ,  6  and  8   a  and  b , the rear training unit  500  is fastened by means of an adapter unit  510 , consisting of a tube clip part  1   511  and a tube clip part  2   512  to a weight-relieving system  301  in such a way that the connecting screws  513  are led through the horizontal locking tube of the rear training unit  504  and through the tube clip part  2   512 , and subsequently the connecting screws  513  are screwed into the tube clip part  1   511  and tightened. 
         [0038]    For fastening the rear training unit  500 , directly into the end faces of the handrails of the treadmill ergometer  302 , according to  FIGS. 8   c, d  and  e  a plug-in adapter  521 , which is flange-mounted respectively on the left and right onto the horizontal locking tube of the rear training unit  504 , and in which a sliding part  522  is respectively screwed on loosely by means of a fastening screw  523 , is introduced into the end faces of the handrails of the treadmill ergometer  302 . A frictional connection of the adapter units for treadmill handrails  520  to the handrails of the treadmill ergometer  302  is obtained by the subsequent screwing in and tightening of the fastening screw  523  into the sliding part  522 , since, as a result of the respective inclined formation of the plug-in adapter  521  and the sliding part  522 , both parts clamp with the inner sides of the handrails of the treadmill ergometer  302 . 
         [0039]      FIGS. 6 ,  7   a  and  7   b  show the structure of the front left-hand training unit  401  and right-hand training unit  402 , the pivot pins  420  of which, welded onto which is a pressure plate  407 , are inserted into the receiving pins  451  of the adapter units  450  and  460 , and are screwed with frictional engagement with the aid of the screw fastening of the pivot pin  421 , after the left-hand training unit  401  and right-hand training unit  402  have first been aligned symmetrically with one another. 
         [0040]    Above the pressure plate  407  there is a sliding plate  410 , which is connected to the sliding bush adapter  419 , and consequently makes it possible for the training units  401  and  402  to turn about the pivoting axis of the pivot pin  420  almost without any friction. The sliding bush adapter  419 , into which the sliding bush  418  is inserted, is welded to the rotary tube  412 . This rotary tube  412  has on the upper side a welded-on flange  417  for the adaptation of the locking element base  415 , which is screwed by the screws  416  to the flange  417 , and in which a sliding bush  418  is likewise inserted. The setting of the angular position of the training units  401  and  402  is realized by the locking elements  404  and  405 , which respectively have a scaling, the scalings being turned in relation to one another, in order that the left-hand training unit  401  and right-hand training unit  402  can be set symmetrically in position in relation to one another. The fixing of the position of the training units  401  and  402  is ensured by the locking element base having a rigid toothed rim and a rotatable toothed rim, fastened in an interlocking manner to the pivot pin  420  by means of a feather key. For setting the angle, the locking head  413  is raised against the compressive force of the retaining spring  414 , in order that the training units  401  and  402  can be turned. Once the desired angular position has been adopted, the locking head  413  is released again. The retaining spring  414  presses the locking head  413  back by way of the rigid and rotatable toothed rims of the locking element base  415 , and thereby fixes the entire unit in an interlocking manner. 
         [0041]    Respectively welded onto the rotary tube  412  of the front left-hand training unit  401  and the right-hand front training unit  402  are transverse tubes  409 , and fixing bolts  408  are welded on their ends for fixing the pivot pins by screw fastening  411 . This pivot pin  411 , onto which a pressure plate  407  is welded, is inserted into the fixing bolts  408  of the front left-hand training unit  401  and to the right-hand front training unit  402  and is screwed with frictional engagement with the aid of the screw fastening of the pivot pin  411 , once the pulling units  200 , attached by way of the locking tubes  403 , which respectively have on the upper side a flange  406  for the fastening of the locking elements  404  and  405 , have first been aligned symmetrically in relation to one another. The fixing of the position of the locking tubes  403  is ensured by the locking element base  415  having fastened on the flange  406  a rigid toothed rim and a rotatable toothed rim, fastened in an interlocking manner to the pivot pin  411  by means of a feather key. For setting the angle, the locking head  413  is raised against the compressive force of the retaining spring  414 , in order that the locking tubes  403  can be turned. Once the desired angular position has been adopted, the locking head  413  is released again. The retaining spring  414  presses the locking head  413  back by way of the rigid and rotatable toothed rims of the locking element base  415 , and thereby fixes the position of the locking tubes  403  in an interlocking manner. The flanges  406  welded on the locking tubes  403 , and the lower end of the locking tubes  403  respectively have pressed-in sliding bushes  418 , which ensure turning of the pulling units  200  without any friction. Furthermore, for turning without any friction, a sliding plate  410  is inserted between the pressure plate  407  and the locking tubes  403 . 
         [0042]    As shown in  FIG. 6 , the rear left-hand training unit  501  and the right-hand rear training unit  502  are displaced and fixed on the horizontal locking tube  504  for positional adjustment by means of horizontal sliding tubes  507 , into which square sliding bushes  202  have been introduced on both sides and which respectively have a locking pin  508 . Respectively welded on the horizontal sliding tubes  507  are vertical sliding tubes  505 , into which square sliding bushes  202  have been introduced on both sides and which respectively have a locking pin  506 , in order that the vertical locking tubes  503  can be displaced and fixed in height. 
         [0043]    The pulling units  200  ( FIG. 2 ) used in the front training unit  400  and in the rear training unit  500  are a modification of the pulling units  100  ( FIG. 1 ), since they are not sufficient for use on treadmill ergometers  300  with respect to their adjustability. The pulling unit  100  has been modified in such a way that the pulling unit  200  now has a deflection roller unit  102 , which is fastened on a sliding tube  203 , into which square sliding bushes  202  have been pressed on both sides. The sliding tube is provided with a locking pin  204 , which makes it possible that the deflection roller units  102  can be displaced on the respective locking tubes  403  and  503 , and consequently the force pull-out can be variably set, or there is the possibility of reducing the training force by displacing the deflection roller units  102  in relation to one another. The displacing of the deflection roller units  102  meant that the belaying cleats  104  had to be integrated in this unit to be displaced, configured in such a way that the deflection roller units  102  incorporate a belaying cleat holder  201 , onto which the belaying cleats  104  are screwed on both sides. The function of the deflection roller mechanism remains the same in this new configuration, configured in such a way that an elastic pulling cable  103  is inserted between the deflection rollers  115  of the deflection roller unit  102 , is passed from outside over a deflection roller  110  of the opposite deflection roller unit  102 , then placed from inside over the deflection roller  110  of the opposite deflection roller unit  102  and returned again to the opposite deflection roller unit  102  in such a way that the elastic pulling cable  103  is led out again between the deflection rollers  115 . Both ends are subsequently fitted with the force-pulling unit  101 , configured in such a way that the rubber buffer  109 , the clamping screw  108 , the stop sleeve  107  and the clamping sleeve with the scale  106  are placed one after the other over the elastic pulling cable  103 , the end of the elastic pulling cable  103  is subsequently inserted into the pulling hook  105  and the clamping sleeve with the scale  106  is pressed by way of the pulling hook  105  for fixing the elastic pulling cable  103  in the pulling hook  105 . Once the pulling unit  101  has been attached on both sides, it is adjusted in such a way that the stop sleeve  107  is pulled out from the deflection roller unit  102  by a specific fixed amount and the stop sleeve  107  is screwed with the clamping screw  108  onto the pretensioned elastic pulling cable  103 . When the pulling unit  101  is being pulled out from the deflection roller unit  102 , the elastic pulling cable  103  clamped within the pulling unit  101  is stretched in such a way that the clamping sleeve with the scale  106  protrudes from the stop sleeve  107  to such an extent that the indicated pulling force corresponds approximately to the actual pulling force. If this is not the case, the unit must be newly adjusted and the fixed amount when the elastic pulling cable  103  is pulled out must be newly set, during the adjustment. This amount must be respectively newly set for elastic pulling cables  103  of different strengths. 
         [0044]    As represented in  FIG. 6 , it has proven to be absolutely necessary for the creation of a training concept that the respective force pulling-out units  101  are numbered on the deflection roller units  102  and elastic pulling cables  103  of different strengths are fitted in the pulling units  200 . This claim has been realized by the pulling units  200  fitted in the rear training unit  500  being given the numbers 1-8 and the pulling units  200  of the front training unit  400  being given the numbers 9-16, and by the force pull-outs 1-2, 7-8, 9-10, 15-16 having weak elastic pulling cables  103  and the force pull-outs 3-4, 5-6, 11-12, 13-14 having strong elastic pulling cables  103 , in order to suit each person undertaking training or each form of training. 
         [0045]      FIG. 3  shows step by step, in different representations, the operating principle of increasing the force pull-out on the modified pulling unit  200  in such a way that, in a first step ( FIG. 3   a ), the pull-out taken by way of example for increasing the pulling force  111  is pulled out up to the desired pulling force increase, which  FIG. 3   b  shows in an enlargement, and, as  FIG. 3   c  shows, the elastic pulling cable  103  is subsequently placed into the belaying cleats  104 . During training on the pull-out taken by way of example  112 , it is evident in  FIG. 3   d  and in an enlargement ( FIG. 3   e ) that, with the pull-out, training is performed immediately with the set increased pulling force and, with the same pull-out end position as during training without a pulling force increase, as  FIG. 3   f  and in an enlargement  FIG. 3   g  show, this pulling force is higher by the amount of the increase in the force pull-out. 
         [0046]      FIG. 4  shows step by step, in different representations, the operating principle of reducing the force pull-out on the modified pulling unit  200  in such a way that, in a first step ( FIG. 4   c ), the deflection roller unit  102  is displaced with respect to the opposite deflection roller unit  102  and locked in place.  FIG. 4   d  shows in an enlargement the pulling force in a specific pull-out end position, which with the same pull-out end position, as  FIG. 4   a  and in an enlargement  FIG. 4   b  show, is less, as a result of the displacement of the deflection roller unit  102 . 
         [0047]    Since in many cases, in particular in medical applications or the determination of training data in performance sport, the indication and setting and adjustment of only approximately exact pulling forces and pulling directions on the force pull-out units  101  is not sufficient, in a further embodiment of the invention the use of measured-value sensors is described for pulling force determination in the pulling units ( FIG. 11   a ) and in an enlargement ( FIG. 11   b ), the electromotive positioning of the deflection roller units ( FIG. 12 ), and the combination of the two further embodiments on the basis of a block diagram ( FIG. 13 ). 
         [0048]    As represented in  FIG. 11   a  and in an enlargement  FIG. 11   b , in a pulling unit with integrated measured-value sensors  600 , the modified deflection roller units  602  are modified in such a way that the deflection rollers  110  are separated from the original deflection roller unit  102  and displaced into a measured-value sensor unit  601 , configured in such a way that the deflection rollers  110  are adapted in a deflection roller holder  605 , this deflection roller holder  605  is fastened to a guiding shaft  610 , the guiding shaft  610  is led through a shaft guide  607  and the other end of the guiding shaft  610  is fastened to a fork head  608 , in which one side of the measured-value sensor  609  is adapted, and a compression spring  606  is respectively fitted over the guiding shaft  610  between the deflection roller holders  605  and the shaft guide  607 . 
         [0049]    As represented in  FIG. 11   a  and in an enlargement  FIG. 11   b , the fitting of the elastic pulling cable  103  is performed in such a way that it is inserted between the deflection rollers  115  of the deflection roller unit  602 , is passed from outside over the deflection roller  110   a , then placed from inside over the deflection roller  110   b  and returned again to the opposite deflection roller unit  602  in such a way that the elastic pulling cable  103  is led out again between the deflection rollers  115 . Both ends are subsequently fitted with the force-pulling unit  101 , configured in such a way that the rubber buffer  109 , the clamping screw  108 , the stop sleeve  107  and the clamping sleeve with the scale  106  are placed one after the other over the elastic pulling cable  103 , the end of the elastic pulling cable  103  is subsequently inserted into the pulling hook  105  and the clamping sleeve with the scale  106  is pressed by way of the pulling hook  105  for fixing the elastic pulling cable  103  in the pulling hook  105 , it also being possible when using the pulling units  600  to dispense with the fitting of the clamping screw  108  and the stop sleeve  107 , since, by contrast with the conventional force pull-out units  101 , the measured-value sensor unit  601  in any case significantly improves the exact indication of the pulling forces. 
         [0050]    As represented in  FIG. 11   a  and in an enlargement  FIG. 11   b  on the basis of an example, increasing the pulling force with the pull-out taken by way of example  604  and/or training with the pull-out taken by way of example  603  has the effect of inducing a force F 2  and/or F 1 , which respectively compress the compression springs  606  used, and results in a shortening S 2  plus S 1  of the pushrod  611  of the measured-value sensor  609 , and consequently a change in the ohmic resistance thereof. This change in length is proportional to the forces of the pull-outs taken by way of example  603  and  604  and is merely dependent on the strength of the built-in compression springs  606  in the measured-value sensor unit  601 . Which force corresponds to which change in length is determined for example by a commercially available calibrated electronic measuring balance, in that the measured-value sensors  609  are adjusted by the teach-in method. This method is shown in the further description of the invention. 
         [0051]    As shown in  FIG. 12 , in an exclusive training unit  700 , deflection roller units with an integrated spindle nut  704  are guided by way of vertically arranged spindle guides  706  with the aid of actuator motors  701  and  710 , by turning of the upper threaded spindles  703 , the respective position of the deflection roller units  704  being monitored by the incremental encoders  702  and  711  integrated in the actuator motors  701  and  710 , and deflection roller units  704  are guided by way of vertically arranged spindle guides  706  with the aid of actuator motors  708  and  712 , by turning of the lower threaded spindles  705 , the respective position of the deflection roller units  704  being monitored by the incremental encoders  709  and  713  integrated in the actuator motors  708  and  712 . The left-hand and right-hand sides of the training unit  700  are guided by way of horizontally arranged spindle guides  720  with the aid of actuator motors  714  and  716 , by turning of the horizontally attached left-hand threaded spindle  721  and respectively the horizontally attached right-hand threaded spindle  719 , the respective position of the left-hand and right-hand sides of the motor-adjustable pulling unit  700  being monitored by the incremental encoders  715  and  717  integrated in the actuator motors  714  and  716 . In this case, the entrainment of the left-hand side takes place by a left-hand driver with an integrated spindle nut  722 , the right-hand side by a right-hand driver with an integrated spindle nut  718 . 
         [0052]    On the basis of a block diagram, represented in  FIG. 13 , the function of the motor-adjustable front pulling unit  750  is realized by providing that, on the left-hand side, the actuator motors  723  and  725  with the respectively integrated incremental encoders  724  and  726  and, on the right-hand side, the actuator motors  727  and  729  with the respectively integrated incremental encoders  728  and  730  adjust the deflection roller units with integrated spindle nut  704  in the vertical direction, or monitor their position. The angular position of the left-hand and right-hand sides of the pulling unit  750  is realized with the aid of the rotary motors  731  and  733 , and the respective angular position is monitored by the incremental encoders  732  and  734  integrated in the rotary motors  731  and  733 . 
         [0053]      FIG. 13  shows a block diagram of the exclusive complete equipment necessary in particular in medical applications or in the determination of training data in performance sport, such that the indicating displays  801  for the force pull-outs  1 ,  2 ,  3  and  4 ,  802  for the force pull-outs  5 ,  6 ,  7  and  8 ,  803  for the force pull-outs  9 ,  10 ,  11  and  12 ,  804  for the force pull-outs  13 ,  14 ,  15  and  16  are arranged over the respective measured-value sensor units  601 . Connected to the display  801  is a measured-value sensor  609 , and the actuator motors  701 ,  708  and  714  with the respectively integrated incremental encoders  702 ,  709  and  715 , connected to the display  802  is a measured-value sensor  609 , and the actuator motors  710 ,  712  and  716  with the respectively integrated incremental encoders  711 ,  713  and  717 , connected to the display  803  is a measured-value sensor  609 , and the actuator motors  723 ,  725  and the rotary motor  731  with the respectively integrated incremental encoders  724 ,  726  and  732  and connected to the display  804  is a measured-value sensor  609 , and the actuator motors  727 ,  729  and the rotary motor  733  with the respectively integrated incremental encoders  728 ,  730  and  724 . The displays are by interface cables  805  to a central system  807 , which provides the power supply to the displays and has an interface converter, which ensures the secure bidirectional data transmission from the central system to the displays or vice versa. The data cable  806  realizes the bidirectional data traffic from the central system  807  to a central computer unit  808  and vice versa. For synchronization, in particular regulating the speed of the treadmill, brought about by the measured-value sensor units  601 , there are 2 interface cables  809  and  810 , which ensures the connection of the central system  807  and/or the connection of the central computer unit  808  respectively to the controller  811  of the treadmill. 
         [0054]    As already mentioned and shown in  FIG. 11  and  FIG. 13 , built into the measured-value sensor units  601  are measured-value sensors  609 , which on account of cost-effective production are ideally formed as linear potentiometers. A specific pull-out length of the pushrods  611  of the measured-value sensors  609  in this case always corresponds to a specific ohmic value. Before the measured-value sensor  609  is used for determining all the training-relevant data and for controlling a training sequence, through to treadmill synchronization, the measured-value sensors built into the measured-value sensor units  601  must be adjusted in such a way that the measured-value sensor  609  to be adjusted is determined in a setting menu of the central computer unit  808 , and this determination is transmitted to the corresponding display  801 ,  802 ,  803  or  804  by indicating a specific adjustment presetting, for example 1 Kp, subsequently a digital force-measuring balance is placed in the pulling hook, the force pullout unit  101  is pulled out until there is an indication of 1 Kp on the force-measuring balance, and this setting is then confirmed from the central computer unit  808 . In this case, the analog signal of the measured-value sensor  609 , in this case a specific ohmic value, is stored in a digitized form in an electrically programmable and alterable storage medium of the respective displays  801 ,  802 ,  803  or  804 . This operation is repeated over a specific force range, the measured-value sensor  609  being adjusted more exactly the more measuring points over the possible force pull-out range have been adjusted. For reasons of cost effectiveness, this adjustment of a measured-value sensor  609  may be transferred by way of the central computer unit  808  to all the other displays, and subsequently also checked. In the technical embodiment of the invention, only the unchanging structure of the measured-value sensor units  601  is ultimately relevant in terms of whether this transfer of the training data can be realized, or each individual measured-value sensor  609  must be adjusted. A further possibility of adjustment is obtained by an adjusting device  812  being connected between the displays  801 ,  802 ,  803  or  804  and the central system  807  in such a way that the corresponding interface cables  805  can be pulled out from the corresponding display  801 ,  802 ,  803  or  804 , and the adjusting device  812  can be connected in between. The use of an adjusting device  812 , or the possibility of adjustment from the central computer unit  808 , makes it possible for the displays to be produced at low cost, since, as a result of this external adjustment, it is possible to dispense with integration of a keyboard in the displays. 
         [0055]    In an extended variant of the invention, the measured-value sensors and electronic controllers may be already integrated in the alternative pulling devices (for example a commercially available servo motor with a flange-mounted cable drum, magnetic lifting motor, pneumatic pulling device, etc.) and be connected and interlinked with the previously mentioned displays and computer units and interfaces. 
         [0056]    Further embodiments and advantages of the invention are provided by the features that are further presented in the claims and by the exemplary embodiments specified below. The features of the claims may be combined with one another in any desired way as long as they are not mutually exclusive.