Abstract:
A healthcare communication system includes a first plurality of computer devices operable as a nurse call system. The first plurality of computer devices has core nurse call functionality. The system also includes a second plurality of computer devices communicatively coupled to the first plurality of computer devices. The first plurality of computer devices are interconnected logically and/or physically in a tiered architecture arrangement to provide fault isolation among the tiers so that faults occurring in computer devices of one tier don&#39;t affect the operability of computer devices in other tiers and so that faults occurring in any of the second plurality of computer devices don&#39;t affect the core nurse call functionality of the first plurality of computer devices.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/241,461, filed Sep. 23, 2011, projected to issue as U.S. Pat. No. 8,392,747, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/369,818, filed Feb. 12, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,046,625, which claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. §119(e), of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 61/066,877, 61/066,882, 61/066,883, and 61/066,918, each of which was filed Feb. 22, 2008, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/145,306, which was filed Jan. 16, 2009, the disclosures of all of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to healthcare communication systems, such as nurse call systems. In particular the present disclosure relates to healthcare communication systems having a master station and devices in patient rooms that communicate with the master station. 
         [0003]    Most hospitals and other types of in-patient healthcare facilities have some sort of a nurse call system. Patients place nurse calls by pressing a nurse call button located on a hospital bed or on a hand-held unit, known in the art as a pillow speaker or pillow speaker unit, or by actuating a wall mounted switch. After a patient places a nurse call, a caregiver at a master station may answer the nurse call which enables voice communications between the caregiver at the master station and the patient. To facilitate such voice communications a microphone and speaker is located somewhere in the patient room. Oftentimes the microphone and speaker are included in the pillow speaker unit or in an audio station mounted to a wall of the patient or to headwall unit which is, in turn, mounted to a wall of the patient room. 
         [0004]    One example of a known nurse call system is Hill-Rom&#39;s COMLINX® system. In addition to the voice communication function, the COMLINX system is connected to the patient&#39;s hospital bed to receive bed status information regarding various aspects of the hospital bed such as the position of the siderails of the bed (e.g., up or down), whether the bed&#39;s casters are braked or released, whether or not an upper frame of the bed is in its lowest position, and so forth. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,242,308; 6,897,780; 6,362,725; 6,147,592; 5,838,223; 5,699,038; and 5,561,412, which relate to the COMLINX system. Another example of a known nurse call system is G.E. Healthcare&#39;s TELLIGENCE™ system. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    The present invention comprises a healthcare communication system and/or method, or a component thereof, that has any one or more of the features listed in the appended claims and/or any one or more of the following features, which alone or in any combination may comprise patentable subject matter: 
         [0006]    A healthcare communication system may comprise a first plurality of computer devices that are operable as a nurse call system. The first plurality of computer devices may have core nurse call functionality residing on an embedded computing platform. The first plurality of computer devices may include patient stations, staff stations, or master stations of the nurse call system and any of these stations may have a graphical display screen. The healthcare communication system may have a second plurality of computer devices that are operable to provide the first plurality of computer devices with additional functionality via software plug-ins that are transmitted to one or more of the first plurality of computer devices. Some or all of the second plurality of computer devices may be part of an Ethernet of the healthcare facility. 
         [0007]    Use of a user interface displayed on the graphical display screen may result in at least one of the software plug-ins being transmitted to at least one of the first plurality of computer devices. The first plurality of computer devices may include an input/output (I/O) circuit that is coupled to an associated patient station. Some of the software plug-ins may be operable to change the user interface of the graphical display screen to a different user interface. In response to a new computer device being added to the first plurality of computer devices, such as connecting a new patient station or staff station to the nurse call system, at least one of the second plurality of computer devices automatically transmits at least one software plug-in to the new computer device. 
         [0008]    The additional functionality of the second plurality of computer devices may reside on a server computing platform. The second plurality of software devices may be configured such that at least one of the software plug-ins is transmitted to the first plurality of computer devices on an as needed basis as dictated by use of at least one of the first plurality of computer devices. Additionally or alternatively, the second plurality of software devices may be configured such that at least one of the software plug-ins is transmitted to some or all of the first plurality of computer devices in response to use of at least one of the second plurality of computer devices. Software upgrades or updates installed on at least one of the second plurality of computer devices may be distributed automatically to at least some of the first plurality of computer devices. The software upgrades or updates may also be distributed automatically to at least one other computer device of the second plurality of computer devices. 
         [0009]    The core nurse call functionality may comprise functionality regulated by a regulations entity, such as a governmental body or standards setting organization such as Underwriter&#39;s Laboratories, and the additional functionality may comprise non-regulated functionality. For example, in some embodiments, the first plurality of computer devices may be compliant with the Underwriter&#39;s Laboratories UL-1069 standard. 
         [0010]    The first plurality of computer devices and/or the second plurality of computer devices may incorporate Publish and Subscribe (PubSub) data communication technology. The PubSub data communication technology permits at least one computer device of the first plurality of computer devices to publish data to, and/or to subscribe to data from, at least one computer device of the second plurality of computer devices, and vice versa. At least one of the first plurality of computer devices may be communicatively coupled to a hospital bed and may receive bed status data from the hospital bed. 
         [0011]    At least one computer device of the first plurality of computer devices may have auto-discovery software that is operable, in response to installation of the at least on computer in the nurse call system, to detect network connectivity and to initiate communications with a device manager. The device manager may be operable to provide software modules and/or network settings to the at least one computer device of the first plurality of computer devices 
         [0012]    The healthcare communication system may have at least one additional computer device that may be coupled to at least one of the computer devices of the first plurality or second plurality of computer devices and that may incorporate a software-based or hard-ware based Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) to separate the setting up and tearing down of voice calls between SIP enabled voice endpoint devices. The at least one additional computer device may comprise, for example, a VoIP private branch exchange (PBX). At least one of the first computer devices may comprise a VoIP room gateway that is operable to distribute communication data to multiple voice terminals or VoIP voice endpoints installed in patient rooms and hallways. 
         [0013]    The first plurality of computer devices may be interconnected logically and/or physically in a tiered architecture arrangement to provide fault isolation among the tiers so that faults occurring in computer devices of one tier don&#39;t affect the operability of computer devices in other tiers and/or so that faults occurring in any of the second plurality of computer devices don&#39;t affect the core nurse call functionality of the first plurality of computer devices. 
         [0014]    At least one of the tiers in such an arrangement may comprise a subset of the first plurality of computer devices that are associated with a patient room. Another of the tiers in such an arrangement may comprise a subset of the first plurality of computer devices that are associated with a nursing unit having a plurality of patient rooms. 
         [0015]    At least one computer device of the first plurality of second plurality of computer devices may comprise a server that is equipped with Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks or Drives (RAID), redundant power supplies, and/or clustering failover capability. At least one computer device of the first plurality of second plurality of computer devices may comprise broker service software that may be operable to monitor other services on the first plurality and/or second plurality of computer devices and that may repair or restart faulty services. 
         [0016]    Additional features, which alone or in combination with any other feature(s), such as those listed above, may comprise patentable subject matter and will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the embodiments as presently perceived. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0017]    The detailed description particularly refers to the accompanying figures, in which: 
           [0018]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing various components of a nurse call system, some of which are included as a part of a healthcare communication system according to this disclosure; 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing a master console of the nurse call system coupling the nurse call system to other computer devices included in a computer network of the healthcare facility; 
           [0020]      FIG. 3  is block diagram showing nurse call systems of various nursing units of a healthcare facility coupled to each other and coupled to other computer devices of the healthcare facility; and 
           [0021]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram showing a number of software modules associated with an advanced services system of the healthcare communication system, the software modules having being communicatively coupled to a master station and to other graphical audio stations of the nurse call system so that software plug-ins are distributable to the master a station and to the other graphical audio stations to provide additional functionality to these devices. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0022]    A healthcare communication system  20  includes a plurality of graphical audio stations  22  and a master station or console  24  which are communicatively coupled as shown diagrammatically in  FIG. 1 . Many of the stations  22  are located in patient rooms and are mounted, for example, to a wall of the respective room or to a headwall unit that, in turn, is mounted to a wall of the respective room. Stations  22  may be mounted to other architectural support structures, such as service chases or columns just to name a couple. Stations  22  may be located in other areas of the healthcare facility as well, such as in staff work areas including, for example, hallways and staff lounges. The stations  22  located in patient rooms may sometimes be referred to herein as patient stations  22 , whereas the stations  22  located in staff work areas may be sometimes be referred to herein as staff stations  22 . The functionality of stations  22  described herein is applicable to all stations  22  regardless of whether the station  22  is a patient station  22  or a staff station  22 , unless specifically noted otherwise. 
         [0023]    Patient stations  22  communicate bidirectionally (e.g., two-way communication) with an input/output (I/O) circuit  27  which is located within a housing  26  mounted near a dome light assembly  28 . The bidirectional communication is indicated diagrammatically in  FIG. 1  by double headed arrow  30 . I/O circuit  27  is also shown diagrammatically in  FIG. 2 . Dome light assemblies  28  are typically mounted outside respective patient rooms near the doorways of the rooms and are readily visible to caregivers in the hallway to determine whether any calls or other events indicated on the dome light are occurring within the associated room. Thus, housings  26  with I/O circuit  27  therein are mounted generally at these same locations outside patient rooms. Additional details of the dome light assemblies  28 , housing  26 , and circuit board  27  are provided in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,883 which was filed Feb. 22, 2008, which was titled “Indicator Assembly for Healthcare Communication System,” and which is already incorporated by reference herein. 
         [0024]    A 9-page electric circuit schematic illustrating one possible electric circuit implementation of one embodiment of the circuitry of dome light assembly  28  is shown in FIG. 12 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877, which was filed Feb. 22, 2008, which was titled “Distributed Healthcare Communication System,” and which is already incorporated by reference herein. In one embodiment, dome light assembly  28  is, for example, an International Business Machines (IBM) Part No. 43T1899 dome light fixture. A 55-page electric circuit schematic illustrating one possible electric circuit implementation of input/output (I/O) circuit  27  according to this disclosure is shown in FIG. 15 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877 which is already incorporated by reference herein. In one embodiment, I/O circuit  27  is, for example, an IBM part no. 43T2063 IO Board. In some Appendices of the written description of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877, I/O circuit  27  may be referred to as an I/O board or an I/O circuit board. However, this is not to imply that all circuit components of the circuitry of I/O circuit  27  need to be on a single circuit board, but that is certainly one possibility. Thus, in some contemplated embodiments I/O circuitry  27  may be distributed among numerous circuit boards, and in other contemplated embodiments some or all of the components of circuit  27  may not be on any circuit board at all. While illustrative circuit  27  is located in housing  26 , it is within the scope of this disclosure for various components of circuit  27  to be located in separate housings. 
         [0025]    The I/O circuit  27  of assembly  28  communicates bidirectionally with a Power over Ethernet (PoE) switch  32  as indicated diagrammatically in  FIG. 1  by double headed arrow  34 . PoE switch  32  communicates bidirectionally with master station  24  as indicated diagrammatically by double headed arrow  36 . Suitable PoE switches are available from a variety of suppliers and may include, for example, the PoE switch marketed by Hill-Rom Company, Inc. in connection with its NaviCare® Nurse Call™ system or such as one or more of the various Dell PoE switches marketed under the PowerConnect™ brand name. Optionally, an external power supply is coupled to PoE switch  32  to provide back up power to PoE switch  32  in the event that an internal power supply of PoE switch  32  fails. One example of a suitable external power supply is Optimal Power part number OPN300-48SN which is coupled to the PoE switch  32  using an Optimal Power part number OPNC30148 cable. While only one patient station  22  is shown in  FIG. 1  as being communicatively coupled to master station  24 , via the I/O circuit board  27  of assembly  28  and via PoE switch  32 , it will be appreciated that system  20  may have numerous such patient stations  22  that may communicate with master station  24  via respective I/O circuit boards  27  and via PoE switch  32 . 
         [0026]    Typically, all of the patient stations  22  of a nursing unit communicate with the same master station  24 . The master stations  24  and graphical audio stations  22  of different nursing units may be coupled together by interconnecting the respective PoE switches as indicated diagrammatically in  FIG. 3  via dotted lines  38 . In this way, information can be shared, and communications established, between computers devices, such as stations  22 , of different nursing units. This is an improvement over prior art systems having the master stations and audio stations of each nursing unit isolated and unable to communicate with the master stations and audio stations of other nursing units. 
         [0027]    In some embodiments, such as the one shown in  FIG. 1 , system  20  includes bed connector units  40 , each of which is communicatively coupled to an associated hospital bed  42  as shown diagrammatically in  FIG. 1  via lines  44 . Bed connector units  40  are, in turn coupled to a respective circuit board  27  as indicated diagrammatically in  FIG. 1  via lines  46 . In some other embodiments, bed connector units  22  may be coupled to graphical audio station  22  which communicates with the corresponding circuit board  27  in the way that bed connector units  40  are shown coupling to graphical audio stations  124  (discussed in further detail below) via diagrammatic lines  146  in  FIG. 1 . In still other embodiments, bed connectors units  40  may be integrated into a common housing of graphical audio stations  22  (and stations  124  as well) in the way that connectors  224 ,  225  are integrated into standard audio station  222  as shown in  FIG. 2 . Stations  222  are discussed in further detail below. 
         [0028]    One version of bed connector unit  40  is referred to in some of the Appendices of the written description of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877 as a Bed Interface Unit (BIU) which, in one embodiment, includes a 37-pin connector to attach to a bed cable, includes another connector for attachment of a call pendant or pillow speaker unit, and an includes a button that can be manually pressed to send and/or cancel a nurse call. Another version of a bed connector  228  is referred to as a Silver Plate in some of the Appendices attached in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877 and is shown in  FIG. 2 . Bed connector  228  is a low cost connector which includes only a connector to which bed  42  couples via a suitable connection cord. In some embodiments, beds  42  comprise one or more of the beds marketed by Hill-Rom Company, Inc. under the brand names TOTALCARE®, VERSACARE®, ADVANCED-1000™, CCUII™ and ADVANTA™. 
         [0029]    Many other types of devices in a patient room may also couple to a respective I/O circuit  27  mounted near the corresponding dome light assembly  28  to communicate with master station  24  and, if desired, other computer devices of the a computer network of the healthcare facility. For example, in  FIG. 1 , an equipment connector  48  to which patient care equipment, such as patient monitoring equipment, may be connected is coupled to the I/O circuit  27  as indicated diagrammatically by double-headed arrow  50  and a wall-mounted nurse call switch  52  which may be mounted in a lavatory of the patient room, for example, is coupled to the circuit board  27  of assembly  28  as indicated diagrammatically by double-headed arrow  54 . Furthermore, a wireless receiver  56 , which illustratively is an infrared receiver that receives wireless signals  60  from locating-and-tracking badges  58  worn or carried by caregivers is coupled to the I/O circuit  27  of assembly  28  as indicated diagrammatically by double-headed arrow  62 . It is also contemplated herein that a smoke alarm  64  is coupleable to the I/O circuit  27  of assembly  28  as indicated in  FIG. 1  by double headed arrow  66 . 
         [0030]    As previously mentioned, some graphical audio stations  22  are located in staff work areas and are referred to as staff stations or consoles  22 . In  FIG. 1 , a first staff station  22  communicates bidirectionally with PoE switch  32  via a communications link  68  and a second staff station  22  communicates bidirectionally with PoE switch  32  via a communications link  70 . The first staff station  22  is mounted to a wall, for example, whereas the second staff station  22  has a graphical display screen module  72  connected to a base module  74  which includes a telephone hand set  76 . The master station  24  shown in the  FIG. 1  example also has a graphical display screen module  72  connected to a base module  74  which has a telephone handset  76 . The  FIG. 1  example also shows a personal computer  78  which cooperates with the associated display screen module  72  to provide the master station functionality. In other embodiments, personal computer  78  is the only computer device included in master station  24  while, in still other embodiments, personal computer  78  is omitted. Thus, depending upon the manner in which a graphical display module  72  is programmed it can serve as a patient station  22 , a staff station  22  or as a master station  24 . When serving as a staff station  22  or a master station  24 , module  72  can be coupled to base module  74 , if desired. The display screen of module  72  is approximately a 10 inch display screen in some embodiments and therefore is larger than the LCD screen used in, for example, the COMLINX® system. 
         [0031]    Each of the communications links  30 ,  34 ,  36 ,  44 ,  46 ,  50 ,  54 ,  60 ,  62 ,  66  shown diagrammatically by lines or arrows in  FIG. 1  may include wired links and/or wireless links and/or combinations thereof, along with associated connectors. For example, with regard to links  44  between beds  42  and bed connector units  40 , known cables having 37-pin connectors (or similar connectors) may provide these links  44 . Alternatively or additionally, some of links  44  may be wireless links, in which case, the respective beds  42  and units  40  have appropriate wireless transmitter and wireless receiver circuitry, which may be in the form of a wireless transceiver. Such wireless communication between beds  42  and units  40  is discussed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,319,386 and in U.S Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0210917 A1, both of which are hereby incorporated herein by this reference. 
         [0032]    While this disclosure contemplates that the data formatting for the data transmitted over any of links  30 ,  34 ,  36 ,  44 ,  46 ,  50 ,  54 ,  60 ,  62 ,  66 ,  68 ,  70  may be according to any suitable data formatting protocol, in one embodiment, the data formatting protocol is according to the protocol discussed in detail in the “Project NCM II, Interface Design Specification, NPD05514” document which is attached to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877 as Appendix 1 and which is considered part of the written description of that provisional patent application and of this patent application via the incorporation by reference previously made in this application of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877. In general, the protocol described in Appendix 1 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877 uses extensible markup language (XML) strings to transfer data. This protocol is sometimes referred to as the Palmetto Protocol and is sometimes referred to as the XML protocol herein and in some of the documents in the Appendices of the written description of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877. It is also contemplated that the communication protocol for links  30 ,  34 ,  36 ,  44 ,  46 ,  50 ,  54 ,  60 ,  62 ,  66  may be according to any suitable protocol such as the TCP/IP protocol, the RS-232 protocol, the RS-422 protocol, the RS-423 protocol, or the RS-485 protocol, or similar such protocols, and such as wireless protocols including any of the IEEE 802.11 x  protocols (where x represents the various revision levels a, b, c, d, e, g and so forth of the 802.11 protocol), the Bluetooth protocol, the Zigbee protocol, or similar such wireless communication protocols. 
         [0033]    In one embodiment, links  44 ,  46 ,  54 ,  62 , which are the communications links associated with a patient room that communicate between devices in the patient room and the I/O circuit board of dome light assembly  28 , are according to the RS-485 protocol, whereas links  34 ,  36 ,  68 ,  70 , which are the links to and from PoE switch  32 , are according to the TCP/IP protocol. The devices that communicate over these various links are configured and programmed appropriately for the required RS-485 or TCP/IP protocol, as the case may be. 
         [0034]    It should be noted that, in one contemplated embodiment, link  30  comprises a coupler that couples to a PoE port of the respective I/O circuit  27  such that communications over link  30  are transmitted according to the TCP/IP protocol and I/O circuit  27  provides feed through of any data, including communication data such as voice data, communicated between station  22  and PoE switch  32 . Because stations  22  communicate according to the TCP/IP protocol, staff stations  22  are coupleable to PoE switch  32  without the use of an intervening I/O circuit  27 , if desired. As to the various devices coupled to I/O circuit  27  other than station  22 , the circuitry of I/O circuit  27  operates to convert the data from these various devices according to their device-specific communication protocols (e.g., serial links to stations  122 ,  222 ; locating and tracking receiver  56  room bus protocol; bed connector  40  room bus protocol; and serial to dome light protocol) into the TCP/IP protocol for subsequent transmission to the PoE switch and ultimately to the master station  24  and beyond, if desired. 
         [0035]    According to this disclosure, system  20  is scaleable such that basic, intermediate, and advanced nurse call systems can be created depending upon the particular requirements of a particular healthcare facility. The graphical audio stations  22  discussed herein are associated with an advanced nurse call system and are referred to in several of the documents of the Appendices of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877, which are considered part of this written description via incorporation by reference, as an advanced graphical audio station (AGAS) and are referred to in the documents of the Appendices of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/145,306, which is also considered part of this written description via incorporation by reference, as a Graphical Room Station 10 (GRS-10). A 42-page electric circuit schematic illustrating one possible electric circuit implementation of one embodiment of an advanced graphical audio station (AGAS)  22  according to this disclosure is shown in FIG. 11 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877. In one embodiment, audio graphical station  22  is an IBM part no. 43T2058 station. 
         [0036]    A graphical audio station  122 , shown in  FIG. 1 , provides mid-range or intermediate functionality and includes a smaller graphical display screen  124  than the display screen of stations  22 . This type of intermediate station  122  is referred to in the documents of the Appendices of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877 as a graphical audio station (GAS) and in the documents of the Appendices of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/145,306 as a Graphical Room Station 5 (GRS-5). FIGS. 13 and 14 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877 cooperate to provide an electric circuit schematic illustrating one possible electric circuit implementation of one embodiment of graphical audio station (GAS)  122 . Graphical audio station  122  in one embodiment comprises IBM part nos. 43T2071 and 43T2067. 
         [0037]    A standard audio station  222 , shown in  FIG. 2  and referred to in the documents of the Appendices of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877 as a standard audio station (SAS) and referred to in the Appendices of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/145,306 as Standard Room Station (SRS) has no graphical display screen. A 20-page electric circuit schematic illustrating one possible electric circuit implementation of one embodiment of standard audio station  222  is shown in FIG. 16 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877. Graphical audio station  222  in one embodiment comprises IBM part no. 43T2082. Additional details of stations  22 ,  24 ,  122 ,  222  are provided in a U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,882 which was filed Feb. 22, 2008, which is titled “User Station for Healthcare Communication System,” and which is already incorporated by reference herein. 
         [0038]    Standard audio stations  222  are a low cost offering that provides call cancel, call placement, reception for signals from badges  58 , and voice communication functionality. As mentioned already, stations  222  do not have a graphical display. Stations  222  connect to the I/O circuit board of assembly  28  via an RS-485 connection  30 . Stations  222  can be configured as a patient station, staff station, or visitor station. As indicated in  FIG. 2 , beds  42  may couple to stations  222  via an audio station bed connector (ASBC)  224 . Also, pillow speaker units  226  and/or a call switch  52  (e.g., a call cord in some instances) may couple to station  222 , such as by coupling to a connector  225  included as part of station  222 . It is contemplated that bed connector  224  can be integrated into station  22  and thus, in  FIG. 2 , reference numeral  224  is used to denote such an integrated connector  224  of station  222  as well as the separate bed connector block  224 . In the  FIG. 2  example, however, bed  42  is coupled to a Silver Plate  228  which is, in turn, coupled to the associated I/O board  27 . The term “Silver” refers to the general color of the plate, not its material. 
         [0039]    While  FIG. 2  shows one block representative of I/O circuit  27  and shows two separate dome light assemblies  28  linked to it via unnumbered double-headed arrows, it should be appreciated that in some embodiments each assembly  28  has its own I/O circuit  27  as discussed previously. However, this need not be the case in all instances and therefore, having I/O circuits  27  located elsewhere in system  20  is within the scope of this disclosure. As further shown in  FIG. 2 , bed connector  40  is coupled to I/O circuit board  27  via an RS-485 communications link  230 .  FIG. 2  also shows station  22  coupled to I/O circuit  27  via link  30 , PoE switch coupled to I/O circuit  27  via link  34 , nurse call switch  52  coupled to I/O circuit  27  via link  54 , a wireless receiver  56  coupled to I/O circuit  27  via link  62 , and PoE switch  32  coupled to master station  24  via link  36 . A staff station  22  is also shown in  FIG. 2  in communication with master station  22  via link  70 . While link  70  is shown directly between master console  24  and staff console  22 , this is intended to be representative of a “logical link” to indicate that staff stations  22  communicate all received commands to the master station  24  and receive information about all other devices, such as patient stations  22 , of the nursing unit from master station  24 . Thus, staff stations  22  communicate with master station  24  via PoE switch  32 . 
         [0040]    Intermediate level audio stations  122  are a mid range offering that provides all of the functionality that a standard audio station  222  provides. In addition, stations  122  have small touch screen displays  124  that allow for monitoring calls, monitoring other types of alerts, view the location of staff, call located staff, change bed status (e.g., clean or dirty status), enable and disable nurse calls and alerts for a location or for a nursing unit. Unlike station  222 , station  122  runs a Linux operating system (OS) that drives the graphical display and responds to user interaction. The content for display  124  of station  122  is controlled by the associated I/O circuit board  27  and by advanced services which are resident on other computer devices of system  20  as will be further discussed below. For base functionality, the I/O circuit controls the display of station  122  by sending XML strings to station  122 . The circuitry of station  122  interprets those strings and displays a corresponding user interface (UI). If an advanced functionality is requested by station  122 , the I/O circuit forwards the request for the advanced service(s) and the computer device of system  20  having the advanced service(s) replies back with the content in the appropriately formatted XML string. 
         [0041]    In the illustrative example, advanced level audio stations  22 ,  24  provide all of the functionality of stations  122  except stations  22  couple to bed connectors  40 ,  224  via I/O circuits and not directly. However, in other embodiments contemplated herein, either of connectors  40 ,  224  may be integrated into station  22  or connected thereto in a manner similar to which they are integrated or connected in stations  122 ,  222  as described above. Stations  22 ,  24  also run a Linux OS, but it is written in C# programming code and executed under Mono, an open source implementation of the .NET framework maintained by Novell. This permits some code sharing between base and advanced systems as discussed in more detail below, and in the Appendices of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877 which are already incorporated by reference herein. 
         [0042]    In broad general terms, it is the stations  22 ,  24  which are configured to communicate with various other computer devices, such as servers, included in the Ethernet of a healthcare facilities&#39; system  20  and it is this additional communication capability that distinguishes these devices as advanced graphical audio stations. According to this disclosure, the components of system  20  which cooperate to provide a healthcare facility with a nurse call system are referred to collectively as a “base nurse call system.” Thus, stations  22 ,  122 ,  222  and I/O circuit  27 , dome light assemblies  28 , and any of the equipment described above that is capable of providing a nurse call signal, as well as the associated master station  24  and PoE switch  32  along with any of the communication links interconnecting these components, are among the components which comprise a “base nurse call system” according to this disclosure. Staff stations  22 , if present, are also considered to comprise part of the base nurse call system. 
         [0043]    If voice communication capability among stations  22 ,  24 ,  122 ,  222  is to be a function of the nurse call system, then a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) sever  250  is also included in the base nurse call system and is coupled to PoE switch  32  via a TCP/IP communications link  252  as shown in  FIG. 2 . Server  250  facilitates communication between which ever of stations  22 ,  24 ,  122 ,  222  are present in the system  20 . Server  250  is configured to translate system operations and communications to the corresponding messages that then control endpoint devices, such as stations  22 ,  122 , consoles  24 , or room input/output circuits  27 . As such, server  250  includes a soft telephony switch and other associated components. Server  250  may also provide integration with the hospital telecommunications structure (e.g., PBX or other voice communication system), although some other server may do so as well as is discussed below. In the illustrated embodiment, server  250  is a Windows server running 3CX. The components of the base nurse call system of illustrative system  20  are compliant with Underwriter&#39;s Laboratories 1069 standard according to this disclosure. This is not to imply that these components may not also be compliant with other standards relating to nurse call systems or relating to some other aspect of these devices. 
         [0044]    According to this disclosure, stations  22 ,  24  also permit users to perform functions associated with an “advanced services system.” The software code, such as applets or plug-ins, that provides stations  22  with these advanced functions may be communicated from various servers, or similar such computer devices discussed below, to stations  22  via stations  24 , PoE switch  32 , I/O boards  27 , and the associated links  30 ,  34 ,  36 . Thus, stations  22 ,  24  are dependent upon some devices that are not part of the base nurse call system, but instead are part of the advanced services system, to provide the advanced functionality to stations  22 ,  24 . However, if these other devices are inoperable or communications with such devices of the advanced services system cannot be established or is otherwise faulty, the base nurse call system functionality is still able to operate. Thus, functionally, the base nurse call system is isolated from the advanced services system from a hardware standpoint and from a software standpoint. 
         [0045]    System  20  includes an enterprise server  260  which is included as part of the advanced services system as shown in  FIGS. 1-3 . Server  260  links to the nurse call portion of system  20  to provide advanced services thereto. A communication link  262  exists between server  260  and master station  24  via an appropriate switch device, such as a PoE switch  32  or other type of switch. Multiple master stations  24  may connect to server  260  via a switch  32  as shown in  FIG. 3 . As shown in  FIG. 1 , a private branch exchange (PBX)  264  may be coupled to server  260  via a VoIP communications link  266  to permit two-way voice calls to be placed over the public switched telephone network (PSTN)  268  to telephones outside the healthcare facility from graphical audio stations  22 ,  24 ,  122  by appropriate use of user inputs of user interfaces displayed on stations  22 ,  24 ,  122  as part of an associated advanced service. Two-way voice calls may be made similarly via server  260  and PBX  264  to wireless voice communication devices, such as a wireless communication badge  270  (e.g., a Vocera™ badge) or a wireless hand set  272 , shown in  FIG. 3 , in response to appropriate use of the user interfaces of stations  22 ,  24 ,  122 . Text messages may be sent to devices both inside and outside the healthcare facility via these same communications links in response to use of the user interfaces of stations  22 ,  24 ,  122 . PSTN  268  is intended to represent, diagrammatically, a variety of telecommunication devices, including analog and digital devices, fixed telephones and mobile or cellular devices, personal data assistants (PDAs), pagers and the like. 
         [0046]    As shown in  FIG. 2 , a non-exhaustive list of examples of other computer devices, each of which is optional according to this disclosure, that communicate via appropriate communications links with enterprise server  260  and therefore, with associated master stations  24  of one or more nurse call systems, include a database server  280 ; one or more third party servers  282 ; a first wireless communications server  284  for managing communications to and from wireless telecommunications devices; a second wireless communications server  286  for handling communications to and from other devices such as wireless badges for locating and tracking of staff members; a user authentication server  288  for managing user accounts, passwords, and user authorization; a workflow server  290 , which facilitates integration with workflow software systems; a hospital administrative client  292  for conducting administrative tasks relating to patients and staff, such as adding patients and assigning staff to patients; and a status or reports server  294  for managing displays and reports of calls and notifications for one or more locations in the facility. An electronic status board  296  may also be coupled to server  260  as shown diagrammatically in  FIG. 2 . Status board  296  is operable to display locations within the facility and current information about them, such as active calls, bed status information, staff located in the healthcare facility, and staff assigned to the location. 
         [0047]    While the term “server” is used herein, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the functionality represented or performed by devices referred to as “severs” may comprise and be performed by any suitable computer device having software programs or services that may be resident and/or executable by any computer, device or equipment in the system or more than one computer, device or equipment in the network. Thus, there term “server” is intended to broadly encompass any computer device that is capable of performing the mentioned functions. 
         [0048]    In the illustrated embodiment, server  284  is configured to provide communication and configuration for wireless devices using Emergin Wireless Office; server  286  is configured to provide communication and configuration for wireless Vocera devices; server  290  is configured to interface with or be included as part of a Hill-Rom® NaviCare™ system to receive and process task assignment and completion information. Plug-ins or applets or similar such software code may be resident on any of servers  260 ,  282 ,  284 ,  286 ,  288 ,  290 ,  292 ,  294 , for example, and be retrieved by stations  22 ,  24  via server  260  as part of the “advanced services system” functionality. The software to display a particular user interface associated with an advanced service on a particular station  22 ,  24  which is operated by a user in a manner resulting in the request of the advance service may be executed on a device other than the one that requested it. For example, such advance service software may be executed by the circuitry of a master station  24  or I/O circuit  27 , but yet the resulting user interface is display on one of stations  22 . Additional details of the advanced services functionality are shown and described in the “Code Blue Advanced System Software, Architectural Design Specification, NPD05503” document attached to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877 as Appendix 2 and is considered part of the written description of this patent application via incorporation by referenced of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877. Further details of system  20  and its functionality are also provided in this same U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,877. 
         [0049]    Referring now to  FIG. 4 , logical interconnections between various software modules of the advanced services system and the base nurse call system are illustrated diagrammatically. Software modules are sometimes referred to herein as just modules. A dashed line  300  represents the logical division between the base nurse call system, which is to the left of dashed line  300 , and the advanced services system, which is to the right of dashed line  300 . As mentioned above, plug-ins or applets or similar such software code or modules may be resident on any of servers  260 ,  282 ,  284 ,  286 ,  288 ,  290 ,  292 ,  294 , for example, and be retrieved by stations  22 ,  24  via server  260  as part of the “advanced services system” functionality. Server  260  includes a device service module  302  which provides system  20  with a device service. 
         [0050]    The primary console  24  is configured to communicate with a specific IP address and port which are associated with the device service. The device service accepts any incoming connections from one or more primary consoles  24  and monitors the consoles  24  to determine if any advanced service functionality is to be delivered to a particular console  24 , possibly for subsequent distribution by console  24  to other devices, such as stations  22 ,  122  and circuit  27 , for example. The various activities occurring in the base nurse call system are communicated by consoles  24  to the device service which operates to relay relevant data to any other advanced service or any other computer device which have subscribed to receive such data or to which the device service publishes such data. 
         [0051]    In the illustrative example, the advanced services system includes a configuration service module  304 , an alert/call service module  306 , a communication service module  308 , a location service module  310 , a staff service module  312 , a roll services module  314 , a broker/supervisor service module  316 , a logging service module  318 , a patient service module  320 , a licensing service module  322 , an HL7 service module  324 , and a legacy integration service module  326 . Legacy integration service module  326  provides connectivity to existing nurse call systems, such as the COMLINX® system, which is represented in  FIG. 4  by NCM 4.0 block  330 . Illustrative, module  326  communicates bidirectionally with the illustrative legacy nurse call system  330  via a NavManager  328 . The various modules  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  post data to and retrieve data from a data base  332 . Database  332  may reside on one or more separate database servers or may be included on server  260  or may be included in a database server cluster, for example. 
         [0052]    As mentioned above, device service module  302  is resident on server  260 . However, it is within the scope of this disclosure for any one or more of service modules  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  to be resident on any one or more of servers  260 ,  282 ,  284 ,  286 ,  288 ,  290 ,  292 ,  294 . In one embodiment, however, all of service modules  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  are resident on server  260 . The listed service modules and/or other service modules may also be resident on VoIP server  250  in other embodiments. 
         [0053]    If one of the advanced services needs to transmit commands or information to a device of the base nurse call system, for example, if the advanced service needs to communicate to primary console  24  an alert condition occurring in some other portion of system  20  or the advanced system needs to command the I/O circuit  27  to reset, device service  302  sends to the primary console  24  the data or command through a TCP/IP socket connection of the primary console  24  using the XML over TCP/IP protocol discussed above and in the Appendices of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/066,918 which is already incorporated by reference herein. 
         [0054]    This disclosure contemplates a second line of communication to devices of the base nurse call system, which second line of communication is through a defined interface. The base application running on stations  22 ,  24  is written in C# using Mono on Linux as mentioned previously. Advanced features are enabled on stations  22 ,  24  by pushing advanced plug-ins down to stations  22 ,  24  and having them dynamically loaded in separate application domains when needed. The description below of how plug-ins operate on one of stations  22  is applicable to other stations  22 ,  24  as well, and also to stations  122  in some embodiments. 
         [0055]    A logical representation of this second line of communication is illustrated in  FIG. 4  with regard to graphical audio station  22 . As shown in  FIG. 4 , firmware  350  is provided in station  22  on an embedded computing platform. The firmware  350  provides station  22  with its core nurse call functionality. Station  22  also has advanced services system integration software  352  that is compatible with the server computer platform of the advanced services system and that receives the various software plug-ins from the advanced services system. It should be appreciated that the various lines in  FIG. 4  interconnecting integration software  352  with advanced services  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  320 ,  322  are logical connections, not hardware connections. 
         [0056]    Station  22  has an interface  354  between firmware  350  and integration software. Interface  354  is a control interface and, in the illustrative embodiment, is not intended to transfer data. Data transfer through interface  354  may occur in other embodiments, however. Interface  354  provides the ability of station  22  to load and unload one or more plug-ins, start and stop the functionality of the plug-ins, and show and hide the plug-in&#39;s user interface, if the plug-in has one associated with it. 
         [0057]    When a new device, such as one of stations  22 ,  24  or I/O circuit  27 , is added to the system, server  260  pushes one or more software plug-ins, as appropriate, from one or more of advanced service modules  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  in response to server  260  becoming aware of the new device. The one or more software plug-ins are installed and become operational when launched, such as when a user first uses an associated advanced service on the device. Future updates and upgrades of the plug-ins pushed to the new device are also sent to the new device automatically. 
         [0058]    According to this disclosure, system  20  includes a hospital administrative client computer  360  as shown in  FIG. 4 . Computer  360  is used, for example, for patient and staff administrative tasks, such as adding patients, discharging patients, assigning staff members to patients and/or locations, changing device assignment for staff, and so forth. Computer  360  is a so-called “rich client” deployable and updated via a central server. Multiple computers  360  may be included in system  20  and have any or all of these functions. 
         [0059]    Computer  360  may also be used to distribute software upgrades and updates throughout system  20 , including to devices of the base nurse call system. The software upgrades and updates are distributable all at once to the multiple devices using computer  360 . This eliminates the need to load software upgrades and updates on individual computer devices of the base nurse call system. Microsoft ClickOnce application software is an example of software that computer  360  may use to implement this manner of software upgrades and updates. 
         [0060]    It should be appreciated that, as to the base nurse call system components, the software upgrades and updates distributed by computer  360  relate only to the advanced functionality of the base nurse call system and not the core nurse call functionality of the base nurse call system. That is, the software updates and upgrades do not change any of the firmware  350  of the embedded computer platforms of stations  22 ,  24  or other devices of the base nurse call system, such as circuit  27 . By isolating the core nurse call functionality from the advanced services functionality of stations  22 ,  24  in this way, recertification for compliance with the UL-1069 standard is not needed when any of the advanced services are upgraded or updated or additional advanced services added. Thus, regulated functionality of the base nurse call system is isolated on a software basis and/or a hardware basis from the advanced services that are run on some of the devices of the base nurse call system. 
         [0061]    The architecture of system  20  allows a user to have access to both the core nurse call functionality and other optional features that are available seamlessly via the embedded computing platform of stations  22 ,  24 , and stations  122  in some embodiments. By use of software plug-ins to accomplish this, stable software that is stored locally is combined with the optional software of the plug-ins, which is applied to the embedded platform as needed. For example, a portion of a user interface on the graphical display screens of stations  22 ,  24 ,  122 , are generated with local software, whereas other user interfaces, or portions thereof, are generated by the software plug-ins but this is generally unknown and undetected by the user. 
         [0062]    In one embodiment, server  260  is a Windows-based server platform capable of running .NET 3.0 in order to support Windows Communications Foundation (WCF), a service architecture framework provided by Microsoft. Advanced service modules  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  are implemented in WCF and communicate using deployment-time configured protocols. In the case in which all of service modules  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  are running on the same machine, such as server  260 , each service communicates to the others using Named Pipes which is an efficient means of communication and supports state machine deployment. In other instances, service modules  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  are configured to communicate via a binary TCP/IP protocol, using Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) to provide substantially guaranteed delivery, and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) when providing compatibility to Mono and other third party integrations. Each service modules  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  may be configured to communicate over more than one binding in order to support simultaneous usage from legacy systems as well as base nurse call system disclosed herein. Additional details of the service modules  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  are provided in the document attached as Appendix 2 to U.S. Patent Application No. 61/066,918 which is already incorporated by reference herein. 
         [0063]    System  20  is configured in a tiered architecture arrangement to incorporate several levels of fault tolerance, redundancy, and self monitoring to lessen the impact of component failures on users of the system. System  20  is tiered at several levels to achieve this fault tolerance. For example, the room gateway (e.g., I/O circuit) has sufficient computing power and functionality to allow a patient, caregiver, or monitoring device to initiate an alert even if there is a major fault in a portion of the system  20  not associated with the particular patient room. This aspect of system  20  may be referred to as room survivability. Another level of the tiered architecture arrangement is that the master nurse station console  24  has sufficient computing power and functionality to run an entire nursing unit with all the core nurse call system functionality, even if server  260  has a major failure. This aspect of system  20  may be referred to as nursing unit survivability. 
         [0064]    At the enterprise level of system  20 , which includes, but is not limited to, the devices associated with the advanced services system, there are many hardware and software mechanisms included throughout the system that allow some or all of the system  20  to remain functional despite the occurrence of a variety of faults. For example, any one or more of servers  250 ,  260 ,  282 ,  284 ,  286 ,  288 ,  290 ,  292 ,  294  may be equipped with at least one of Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks or Drives (RAID), redundant power supplies, or clustering failover capability. Broker service module  316  operates to monitor the health of the other service modules  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326  and is operable to repair or restart faulty services, in some instances. 
         [0065]    As mentioned above, system  20  comprises a software architecture that incorporates distributed Publish and Subscribe (PubSup) data communication technology. This allows many services and applications to easily communicate and share data with each other. The PubSub data communication technology allows this data sharing between software services and applications on the same computing platform or between many computing platforms across a network. Each service or application, such as one or more of service modules  302 ,  304 ,  306 ,  308 ,  310 ,  312 ,  314 ,  316 ,  318 ,  320 ,  322 ,  324 ,  326 , has the ability to publish or make available its data to other services or applications (e.g., subscribers) that have a use for the data. As the data changes, the subscribers are automatically updated. 
         [0066]    Stations  22 ,  24 , and stations  122  in some embodiments, as well as I/O circuit  27  each include auto-discovery technology, such as software, that allows these computer devices to discover their network connectivity settings, software modules, and other system responsibilities when first installed in system  20 . Each of these computer devices are configured with the auto-discovery technology at the time of manufacture. When a device is installed, the auto-discovery software of the device operates to automatically seek and initiate contact with a device manager. The device manager, such as server  260 , will then communicate appropriate network settings, transfer the required software modules, and/or assign other responsibilities to the newly installed device. That newly installed device is then operational on system  20  once this information from the device manager is received. 
         [0067]    According to this disclosure, in some embodiments, system  20  incorporates software-based or hardware-based Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) voice over internet protocol (VoIP) technology to separate the set up and tear down of voice calls between SIP enabled voice endpoint devices. This is accomplished having a separate VoIP private branch exchange (PBX), such as PBX  264  (e.g., hard-ware based) or servers  250   284 ,  286  (software-based), that has connectivity to the rest of system  20  and/or to PSTN  268 . System  20  also incorporates a VoIP room gateway, such as I/O circuit  27 , which can distribute voice communications to multiple voice terminals or VoIP voice endpoints installed in patient rooms and hallways. 
         [0068]    As is apparent from the discussion above, some of the improvements realized by system  20  over prior art systems include the following improvements. The distributed architecture retains and preserves the most critical functionality at the local user level should a failure occur in system  20  outside that local area, which lessens system wide impact due to single points of failure. Distributing software updates and upgrades from administration computer device  360  greatly reduces the time required to perform updates and upgrades to numerous devices and lessens the chance that devices are not updated due to human error. Computer  360  permits a user to easily and quickly install software applications on numerous devices. Also, software maintenance is simplified by having some updates and upgrades distributed automatically when a particular application is launched. Use of software plug-ins allows the core nurse call functionality software to be developed, built, and tested separate from the optional software. This lessens the chance of the core software being adversely affected by changes to the optional software. It also allows the core software to remain more stable though product life cycle and reduce the number of regulatory submissions. It should be appreciated that various system embodiments according to this disclosure may not be configured to have all of the improvements mentioned above in this paragraph or even any of them. 
         [0069]    Additional improvements realized by system  20  over prior art systems include the following improvements. The fault tolerant, tiered architecture arrangement of system  20  increases reliability by reducing single points of failure in the system. It also allows a technician to perform maintenance on the system while impacting few or no other users. The PubSub technology allows communication and sharing to occur more efficiently and makes software development easier and faster because individual developers are able to focus on their particular software application or service. The auto-discovery technology eases installation and greatly reduces installation and repair times, as well as eliminating the need for the installation technician to connect to each device, one at a time, to configure network settings and install software. Having a separate SIP VoIP PBX allows the healthcare facility to select from a variety of compliant PBX&#39;s on the market or to use one the facility already possesses for their other voice systems. The SIP VoIP PBX also isolates less critical voice features from the core nurse call alert notification features. The flexibility to use either a software-based or hardware-based SIP VoIP PBX gives healthcare facilities the option to install this functionality on existing servers or to use a high reliability hardware appliance to support voice features of the system. Use of the VoIP room gateway gives the healthcare facility the flexibility to select lower cost voice terminals with limited functionality or higher cost VoIP voice endpoints with more functionality. It should be appreciated that various system embodiments according to this disclosure may not be configured to have all of the improvements mentioned above in this paragraph or even any of them. 
         [0070]    Although certain illustrative embodiments have been described in detail above, variations and modifications exist within the scope and spirit of this disclosure as described and as defined in the following claims.