Abstract:
The disclosure is directed to method for manufacturing an electro-optical device. In one example, a method comprises forming a plurality of scribe lines in a substrate; forming cracks in the substrate which pass from the scribe lines through the substrate; and forming a plurality of dicing lines in the substrate along the scribe lines and the cracks. In one example, the dicing lines are formed at a depth that is less than a thickness of the substrate. This abstract is intended only to aid those searching patents, and is not intended to be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims in any manner.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-299952 filed on Nov. 6, 2006, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND 
     The disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing an electro-optical device with which a plurality of electro-optical panels are manufactured by attaching a first substrate to a second substrate and dividing the attached substrates into a plurality of sections. 
     In an electro-optical device such as a light-transmissive liquid crystal device, a liquid crystal panel which is an electro-optical panel configured by filling liquid crystal between two substrates formed of glass substrates or quartz substrates may be contained in a packaging case. 
     The liquid crystal device can be made to display an image by arranging switching elements such as thin-film transistors (TFTs) and pixel electrodes on one substrate of the liquid crystal panel in a matrix, arranging counter electrodes on the other substrate, and varying an optical response of a liquid crystal layer interposed between both substrates in accordance with an image signal. 
     A TFT substrate on which the TFTs are arranged and a counter substrate which faces the TFT substrate may be separately manufactured. The TFT substrate and the counter substrate may be formed by laminating a semiconductor thin film, an insulating thin film or a conductive thin film having a predetermined pattern on, for example, a quartz substrate. The semiconductor thin film, the insulating thin film or the conductive thin film may be formed by repeatedly performing a film forming process and a photolithography process. 
     The TFT substrate and the counter substrate may be attached with high precision (for example, an alignment error of 1μ or less) in a panel assembling process. In this panel assembling process, for example, alignment films which align liquid crystal molecules along the surface of the substrate are formed on surfaces of the TFT substrate and the counter substrate, both of which contact the liquid crystal layer. 
     Thereafter, the alignment films are subjected to a rubbing process for determining the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is not applied. Next, in a liquid crystal dropping method, a seal material formed of an adhesive is formed on edges of a plurality of TFT substrates configured in a large substrate and a predetermined amount of liquid crystal is dropped onto liquid crystal filling regions of the TFT substrates surrounded by the seal material. 
     Next, in the large substrate assembling method, a first large plate including the plurality of TFT substrates and a second large plate including the plurality of counter substrates are attached to each other using the seal material or the adhesive for temporary fixation such that the TFT substrates and the counter substrates face each other. Thereafter, the attached substrates (hereinafter, referred to as a structure) are divided into a plurality of sets of the TFT substrate and the counter substrate which face each other and have a chip shape. 
     Next, a flexible printed circuit (FPC) for connecting an electronic device such as a projector to a liquid crystal device may be connected to an external connection terminal of the TFT substrate and, as a result, a liquid crystal panel is manufactured. 
     Thereafter, the liquid crystal panel is contained and fixed in a packaging case such that a liquid crystal device is manufactured. The manufactured liquid crystal device is provided in an electronic device such as a projector. 
     Examples of a method of dividing the structure into the plurality of sets of the TFT substrate and the counter substrate having the chip shape include a dicing process with excellent workability, high processing accuracy and outer shape accuracy necessary for the divided TFT substrate and counter substrate. 
     However, if the substrate is divided by passing a blade through the counter substrate in a thickness direction using the dicing process, a wiring line such as an external connection terminal or a driver circuit formed on the TFT substrate may be damaged by the blade, and consequently the manufacturing yield may deteriorate. 
     Accordingly, a method of dividing the structure into the plurality of sets of the TFT substrate and the counter substrate having the chip shape by a scribe/break process has been generally suggested and used. 
     In the scribe/break process, first, scribe lines are formed at division positions of the first large substrate including the plurality of TFT substrates and the second large substrate including the plurality of counter substrates using a scribe cutter by a scribe process. 
     Next, cracks passing through the substrates are generated in the thickness direction of the first large substrate and the second large substrate along the scribe lines by a break process of pressing the positions of the substrates facing the scribe lines, that is, the position of the second large substrate, including the plurality of counter substrates, facing the scribe line of the first large substrate after the scribe line has been formed on the first large substrate including the plurality of TFT substrates and the position of the first large substrate facing the scribe line of the second large substrate after the scribed line has been formed on the second large substrate. Finally, the structure is divided into the plurality of sets of the TFT substrate and the counter substrate having the chip shape using the generated cracks. 
     Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-98632 discloses a technology for preventing division portions of the TFT substrate or the counter substrate of the liquid crystal panel after division from being damaged due to the pressure applied from the scribe cutter to the structure in the scribe process by including a jig member for supporting the substrate in a scribe device for performing the scribe process in the scribe/break process. 
     However, in the method of dividing the structure into the plurality of sets of the TFT substrate and the counter substrate having the chip shape by the scribe/break process, it may be difficult to form the scribe lines in a straight line shape in plan view with respect to the division positions of the first large substrate including the plurality of TFT substrates and the second large substrate including the plurality of counter substrates. That is, after the scribe process, the scribe lines may be formed on the large substrates so as to have a zigzag shape in plan view. 
     When the cracks are generated along the scribe lines by the break process, it is difficult to vertically generate the cracks in the thickness direction of the substrates at all the division positions. 
     The division end faces of the TFT substrate and the counter substrate of the liquid crystal panel after the division has been performed by the scribe/break process may vary in shape in plan view and may vary in shape in the thickness direction according to the division positions. For example, the cross-sectional shapes of the TFT substrate and the counter substrate formed by the division end faces may vary. Thus, it is difficult to ensure the outer shape accuracy necessary for the TFT substrate and the counter substrate. 
     As a result, when the liquid crystal panel is contained in the packaging case, for example, when the opposite end faces of the counter substrate are brought into contact with opposite walls of a containing chamber of the packaging case and the liquid crystal panel is contained in the containing chamber, the liquid crystal panel may become misaligned in the packaging case due to a counter substrate having a different cross-sectional shape and thus the manufacturing yield of the liquid crystal device may decrease. 
     SUMMARY 
     According to certain embodiments, an electro-optical device manufacturing method includes attaching a first substrate to a second substrate and dividing the attached substrates into a plurality of sections to manufacture a plurality of electro-optical panels. The method may further comprise: forming scribe lines in at least a portion of division positions of at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate; applying external force to the substrate in which the scribe lines are formed and forming cracks which pass through the substrate in a thickness direction of the substrate along the scribe lines; and forming dicing lines in the substrate, in which the scribe lines and the cracks are formed, by a predetermined depth along the scribe lines and the cracks, from a surface of the substrate in which the scribe lines are formed. 
     According to certain embodiments, in at least a portion of a process of dividing the electro-optical panels from a structure, since a dicing process having high accuracy is performed in addition to a scribe/break process including a scribe line forming process and a crack forming process, it is possible to form the substrate configuring the electro-optical panel divided from the structure with necessary outer shape accuracy by the dicing process of forming the dicing lines by the predetermined depth. Thus, the electro-optical panel can be contained in the packaging case with relatively high positional accuracy on the basis of the dicing process faces of the opposite end faces of the substrate after division, which are formed with high outer shape accuracy by the dicing process of forming the dicing lines by the predetermined depth. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a method of an electro-optical device, which is capable of, for example, improving manufacturing yield. 
     In certain embodiments, the depth of the dicing lines may be less than the thickness of the substrate in which the scribe lines and the cracks are formed. 
     The method may further include packaging each of the electro-optical panels after division in a packaging case, and the depth of the dicing lines may be set to a length of portions of an electro-optical panel containing chamber of the packaging case, which contact opposite end faces of the substrate after division. 
     According to certain embodiments, since the dicing lines are formed at a depth less than the thickness of the substrate which is subjected to the dicing process and the dicing lines are formed at a depth which is set to the length of the portions of the electro-optical panel containing chamber of the packaging case, which contact the opposite end faces of the substrate after division, the dicing process faces of the opposite end faces of the substrate, which is formed with necessary outer shape accuracy and is subjected to the dicing process, contact the containing chamber. Thus, the electro-optical panel can be contained in the packaging case with relatively high positional accuracy on the basis of the dicing process faces. In addition, since an adhesive may be sufficiently filled in a gap between the scribe/break process faces of the opposite end faces of the substrate after division, which are formed by the predetermined depth using the scribe/break process, and the walls of the containing chamber, the electro-optical panel may be contained and fixed in the packaging case with necessary positional accuracy. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a method of an electro-optical device, which is capable of improving manufacturing yield. 
     Wiring lines of each of the electro-optical panels may be formed on the first substrate, and when the dicing lines are formed in the second substrate, at least portions of the division positions of the second substrate may overlap the wiring lines of the first substrate in plan view. 
     According to certain embodiments, although the dicing lines are formed in the second substrate at positions overlapping the wiring lines in plan view in order to strip portions of the wiring lines of the first substrate, since the dicing lines are formed at a depth less than the thickness of the second substrate, the wiring lines of the first substrate are not damaged by the dicing process. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a method of an electro-optical device, which is capable of improving manufacturing yield. 
     Additional details and exemplary embodiments are disclosed below. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Various embodiments are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numbers designate like elements. 
         FIG. 1  is a schematic plan view illustrating the configuration of an exemplary liquid crystal panel. 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a plan view of an exemplary structure formed by attaching a first substrate and a second substrate to each other. 
         FIG. 4  is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure of  FIG. 3  in a state in which scribe lines are formed at division positions in an X direction of the second substrate. 
         FIG. 5  is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure of  FIG. 4  in a state in which cracks are formed at the division positions in the X direction of the second substrate. 
         FIG. 6  is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure of  FIG. 5  in a state in which dicing lines are formed at the division positions in the X direction of the second substrate. 
         FIG. 7  is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure of  FIG. 6  in a state in which the scribe lines and the cracks are formed at the division positions in the X direction and a Y direction of the first substrate. 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which an exemplary liquid crystal panel is divided from the structure shown in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 9  is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which an exemplary liquid crystal device is formed by containing the liquid crystal panel shown in  FIG. 8  in a packaging case. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will be readily understood that the components generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein, could be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. 
     Also, while the methods disclosed herein have been described and shown with reference to particular steps performed in a particular order, it will be understood that these steps may be combined, sub-divided, or re-ordered to form an equivalent method without departing from the teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, unless specifically indicated herein, the order and grouping of the steps is not limited. 
     Thus, the following description, as represented in the drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure but is merely representative of certain embodiments. 
     Methods of manufacturing an electro-optical device and methods of manufacturing a light-transmissive liquid crystal device will be described in accordance with certain embodiments. An electro-optical panel, such as, for example, a liquid crystal panel, may be included in the electro-optical device. 
     In a pair of substrates which face each other in a liquid crystal panel, one substrate may be a device substrate (hereinafter, referred to as a TFT substrate) and the other substrate may be a counter substrate which faces the TFT substrate. 
     First, the configuration of the liquid crystal panel included in the liquid crystal device manufactured by the method of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel according to certain embodiments will be described. 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic plan view illustrating the configuration of an exemplary liquid crystal panel, and  FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of  FIG. 1 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , a liquid crystal panel  100  includes a TFT substrate  10  formed of, for example, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate or a silicon substrate, a counter substrate  20  which faces the TFT substrate  10  and is formed of a glass substrate, a quartz substrate or a silicon substrate, and liquid crystal  50  interposed between the substrates. The TFT substrate  10  and the counter substrate  20  which face each other are attached to each other using a seal material  52 . 
     A display region  10   h  of the TFT substrate  10  configuring a display region  40  of the liquid crystal panel  100  is configured in a region, which contacts the liquid crystal  50 , of a surface  10   f  of the TFT substrate  10 . Pixels are formed in the display region  10   h  and pixel electrodes (ITO)  9   a  for applying a driving voltage to the liquid crystal  50  together with counter electrodes  21  are arranged in a matrix. 
     The counter electrodes  21  for applying the driving voltage to the liquid crystal  50  together with the pixel electrodes  9   a  may be provided in a region, which contacts the liquid crystal  50 , of a surface  20   f  of the counter substrate  20 . A display region  20   h  of the counter substrate  20  configuring the display region  40  of the liquid crystal panel  100  may be configured in the region which includes the counter electrodes  21  formed therein and faces the display region  10   h.    
     An alignment film  16  which is subjected to a rubbing process may be formed on the pixel electrodes  9   a  of the TFT substrate  10  and an alignment film  26  which is subjected to a rubbing process may be formed on the counter electrodes  21  formed over the entire surface of the counter substrate  20 . The alignment films  16  and  26  may be formed of transparent organic films such as, for example, polyimide films. 
     In the display region  10   h  of the TFT substrate  10 , a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines (not shown) may be formed to be perpendicular to each other and the pixel electrodes  9   a  may be arranged in regions partitioned by the scan lines and the data lines in a matrix. TFTs (not shown) which are switching elements are provided in correspondence with intersections of the scan lines and the data lines and are respectively connected to the pixel electrodes  9   a.    
     The TFTs are turned on by ON signals of the scan lines and thus image signals supplied to the data lines are supplied to the pixel electrodes  9   a . Voltages between the pixel electrodes  9   a  and the counter electrodes  21  provided on the counter substrate  20  are applied to the liquid crystal  50 . 
     A light-shielding film  53  provided as a frame region for defining the display region  40  of the liquid crystal panel  100  may be provided on the counter substrate  20 . 
     When the liquid crystal  50  is filled between the TFT substrate  10  and the counter substrate  20  using a liquid crystal dropping method, the seal material  52  may be coated in a closed shape in plan view. 
     In an outer region of the seal material  52 , a data line driving circuit  101  which is a wiring line for supplying the image signals to the data lines (not shown) of the TFT substrate  10  at a predetermined timing to configure a driver for driving the data lines and an external connection terminal  102  which is a wiring line for connection with an external circuit may be provided, for example, along one side of the TFT substrate  10 . A flexible printed circuit (FPC) (not shown) for connecting a liquid crystal device to an electronic device such as a projector may be connected to the external connection terminal  102 . 
     Scan line driving circuits  103  and  104  for supplying scan signals to scan lines of the TFT substrate  10  and the gate electrodes at a predetermined timing to configure a driver for driving the gate electrodes may be provided along two sides adjacent to the side along which the external connection terminal  102  of the TFT substrate  10  is provided. The scan line driving circuits  103  and  104  may be formed on the TFT substrate  10  at a position opposite the light-shielding film  53  provided inside the seal material  52 . 
     On the TFT substrate  10 , a wiring line  105  for connecting the data line driving circuit  101 , the scan line driving circuits  103  and  104 , the external connection terminal  102  and vertical conductive terminals  107  may be provided opposite three sides of the light-shielding film  53 . 
     The vertical conductive terminals  107  may be formed on the TFT substrate  10  at four corners of the seal material  52 . Vertical conductive materials  106  whose lower ends contact the vertical conductive terminals  107  and upper ends contact the counter electrodes  21  may be provided between the TFT substrate  10  and the counter substrate  20 . The TFT substrate  10  and the counter substrate  20  are electrically connected by the vertical conductive materials  106 . 
     An end face  20 i of the counter substrate  20  configuring one side of the liquid crystal panel  100  on which the external connection terminal  102  is provided and an end face  20   t  facing the end face  20   i  may be configured by a dicing process face  20   d  and a bevel  20   b  which are formed by dicing lines  250   d  (see  FIG. 7 ) with high accuracy and a scribe/break process face  20   s  which is formed by cracks  250   k  (see  FIG. 7 ) formed by a scribe/break process with accuracy which varies according to the face. 
     The liquid crystal panel  100  having the above-described configuration may be contained and fixed in a packaging case  600  (see  FIG. 9 ) such that the liquid crystal device  1  (see  FIG. 9 ) may be manufactured. 
     Next, an exemplary method of manufacturing the liquid crystal panel  100  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 3 to 8 . The liquid crystal panel  100  according to certain embodiments may be formed by a large substrate assembling method of attaching a first large substrate including a plurality of TFT substrates  10  and a second large substrate including counter substrates  20  in the same number as the TFT substrates  10  to each other to form a structure and dividing the structure into a plurality of sets of the TFT substrate  10  and the counter substrate  20  which face each other so as to have a chip shape so as to manufacture a plurality of liquid crystal panels  100 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 3 to 8 , for convenience of description, the data line driving circuit  101 , the external connection terminal  102 , the scan line driving circuits  103  and  104 , the wiring line  105  formed on the TFT substrate  10  will be collectively referred to as wiring lines  120  and are briefly described. In  FIGS. 3 to 8 , in order to simplify the drawing, the components shown in  FIG. 2 , such as the liquid crystal  50  or the seal material  52 , will be omitted. 
       FIG. 3  is a plan view of an exemplary structure formed by attaching the first substrate and the second substrate to each other.  FIG. 4  is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating the structure in a state in which scribe lines are formed at division positions in an X direction of the second substrate of the structure shown in  FIG. 3 .  FIG. 5  is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure in a state in which cracks are formed at the division positions in the X direction of the second substrate of the structure shown in  FIG. 4 . 
       FIG. 6  is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure in a state in which dicing lines are formed at the division positions in the X direction of the second substrate of the structure shown in  FIG. 5 . 
       FIG. 7  is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure in a state in which the scribe lines and the cracks are formed at the division positions in the X direction and a Y direction of the first substrate of the structure shown in  FIG. 6 . 
       FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a liquid crystal panel is separated from the structure shown in  FIG. 7 . 
     The first substrate  150  including the plurality of TFT substrates  10  on which the components such as the pixel electrodes  9   a , the external connection terminal  102  and the wiring line  105  (see  FIG. 2 ) may be formed by known film forming processes, and the second substrate  250  including the plurality of counter substrates  20  on which the components such as the counter electrodes  21  may be formed by known film forming processes, are attached to each other such that the surfaces thereof face each other, thereby forming the structure  500  as shown in  FIG. 3 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , the first substrate  150  and the second substrate  250  have a circular shape in plan view. 
     The first substrate  150  and the second substrate  250  are attached to each other using the seal material  52  coated on the TFT substrate  10  or an adhesive  400  for temporary fixation coated in the vicinities of the outer peripheral edges of the region in which the TFT substrate  10  of the first substrate  150  is configured. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , a scribe line forming process of forming a plurality of scribe lines  250 X having a substantially straight line shape in the X direction at division positions  301  and  302  having a substantially straight-line shape in the X direction in a surface  250   f  of the second substrate  250  of the structure  500  shown in  FIG. 3  using a known scribe cutter  70  is described. 
     The division positions  301  may be formed along a boundary in the X direction of the liquid crystal panel  100  when the plurality of liquid crystal panels  100  are divided from the structure  500  and the division positions  302  may be formed along a boundary when the wiring lines  120  formed on the TFT substrate  10  are stripped from the liquid crystal panel  100 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 5 , a crack forming process of applying external force to the X-direction division positions  301  and  302  of the surface  150   f  of the first substrate  150 , which face the scribe lines  250 X, using, for example, a blade  80  may be performed. 
     By this process, cracks  250   k  may be generated in a thickness direction (hereinafter, referred to as a Z direction) of the second substrate  250  along the scribe lines  250 X of the second substrate  250  so as to pass through the second substrate  250 . 
     That is, a scribe/break process is performed with respect to the second substrate  250  by performing the scribe line forming process shown in  FIG. 4  and the crack forming process shown in  FIG. 5 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 6 , a dicing line forming process of forming a plurality of dicing lines  250   d  having a straight line shape in the X direction of  FIG. 3  at the division positions  301  and  302  of the X direction in the surface  250   f  of the second substrate  250  of the structure  500  along the scribe lines  250 X and the cracks  250   k  with a predetermined depth using a known dicing blade  90  may be performed. 
     At this time, the dicing lines  250   d  may be formed with a depth which is less than the Z-direction thickness of the second substrate  250 , that is, a depth which is at least a half the Z-direction thickness of the second substrate  250 . The dicing lines  250   d  may be formed with a depth which is a length of a wall  602   s  contacting the dicing process face  20   d  of the end faces  20   i  and  20   t  of the counter substrate  20  in a containing chamber  601  (see  FIG. 9 ) of the packaging case  600  (see  FIG. 9 ). 
     When the dicing lines  250   d  are formed, since the cracks  250   k  which pass through the second substrate  250  in the Z direction along the division positions  301  and  302  of the X direction are formed, a member  250   c  between the division positions  301  and the division positions  302  of the second substrate  250  may be moved in the X direction of FIG.  3 . However, the movement of the member  250   c  may be restricted by the adhesive  400  between the first substrate  150  and the second substrate  250 . 
     Next, a process of forming dicing lines (not shown) having a substantially straight line shape in the Y direction of  FIG. 3  at division positions  303  having a substantially straight line shape in the Y direction of  FIG. 3  in the surface  250   f  of the second substrate  250  of the structure  500  by a dicing process using the dicing blade  90  may be performed to pass through the second substrate  250  in the Z direction. 
     The division positions  303  may be formed along a boundary in the Y direction of the liquid crystal panel  100  when the plurality of liquid crystal panels  100  are divided from the structure  500 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 7 , a process of forming a plurality of scribe lines  150 X having a substantially straight line at the division positions  301  of the first substrate  150  of the structure  500  in the X direction of  FIG. 3 , similar to the scribe/break process of the second substrate  250  shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 , and forming a plurality of cracks  150   k  which pass through the first substrate  150  in the thickness direction (Z direction) along the scribe lines  150 X may be performed. 
     A process of forming a plurality of scribe lines (not shown) having the substantially straight lines at the division positions  303  of the first substrate  150  of the structure  500  in the Y direction of  FIG. 3  and forming a plurality of cracks which pass through the first substrate  150  in the Z direction along the scribe lines (not shown) may be performed. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , the structure  500  may be divided into the plurality of liquid crystal panels  100  each including the TFT substrate  10  and the counter substrate  20 . Thus, according to these exemplary embodiments, the plurality of liquid crystal panels  100  may be manufactured. 
     In the exemplary liquid crystal panel  100  manufactured by the above-described method, the end face  20   i  of the counter substrate  20  configuring one side of the liquid crystal panel  100  on which the external connection terminal  102  is provided and the end face  20   t  facing the end face  20   i  may each be configured by the dicing process face  20   d  which is formed by the dicing line  250   d  with high accuracy, by the scribe/break process face  20   s  which is formed by the cracks  250   k  formed by the scribe/break process with accuracy which varies according to the face, and by the bevel  20   b  extending obliquely between the dicing process face  20   d  and the scribe/break process face  20   s  formed by the cracks  250   k.    
     Since the dicing process face  20   d  in the end faces  20   i  and  20   t  of the counter substrate  20  is formed by the dicing process, the dicing process face  20   d  is vertically formed in the Z direction with higher accuracy, as compared with the scribe/break process face  20   s . Accordingly, as shown in  FIG. 8 , a contour R between the end faces  20   i  and  20   t  in the counter substrate  20 , that is, the contour of the counter substrate in the Y direction, may be formed by the dicing process faces  20   d  with necessary accuracy. 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which an exemplary liquid crystal device is formed by containing the liquid crystal panel shown in  FIG. 8  in a packaging case. 
     After manufacturing the liquid crystal panel  100 , as shown in  FIG. 9 , dust-proof glasses  351  and  352  may be attached to the outer surfaces of the TFT substrate  10  and the counter substrate  20  and the liquid crystal panel  100  may be contained and fixed in the packaging case  600 . As a result, the liquid crystal device  1  may be manufactured. 
     In  FIG. 9 , the dust-proof glasses  351  and  352  may have substantially the same size as the TFT substrate  10  and the counter substrate  20 , but the sizes of the dust-proof glasses are not limited thereto. If the display region  10   h  of the TFT substrate  10  and the display region  20   h  of the counter substrate  20  are covered, the dust-proof glasses  351  and  352  may have a size smaller than that of the TFT substrate  10  and the counter substrate  20 . 
     Next, an exemplary method of containing the liquid crystal panel  100  in the packaging case  600  will be briefly described. The packaging case  600  is a rectangular frame member for containing the liquid crystal panel  100  and the containing chamber  601  which is a stepped hole coinciding with the liquid crystal panel  100  in plan view is formed in the packaging case  600 . An opening  610  having substantially the same size as the display region  40  of the liquid crystal panel  100  in plan view when the liquid crystal panel  100  is contained may be formed in the stepped containing chamber  601 . 
     The counter substrate  20  of the liquid crystal panel  100  is inserted into the containing chamber  601  of the packaging case  600 . The containing chamber  601  includes a hole part  601  with a bottom, which coincides with the contour R between the dicing process faces  20   d  of the end faces  20   i  and  20   t  of the counter substrate  20  in plan view and a hole part  603  which is slightly larger than the TFT substrate  10  in plan view. The hole part  603  is larger than the hole part  602  in plan view. That is, walls  602   s  of the hole part  602  substantially coincide with the contour R between the dicing process faces  20   d  of the end faces  20   i  and  20   t  of the counter substrate  20 . A beveled portion  602   b  of hole part  602  extends obliquely from a wall  602   s  of hole part  602 . 
     By the above-described configuration of the packaging case  600 , when the liquid crystal panel  100  is contained in the containing chamber  601  of the packaging case  600 , the dust-proof glass  351  attached to the counter substrate  20  may be mounted on the bottom of the hole part  602  and the dicing process faces  20   d  of the end faces  20   i  and  20   t  of the counter substrate  20  contact the pair of walls  602   s  of the hole part  602 . As a result, the counter substrate  20 , for example, the liquid crystal panel  100 , is positioned with respect to the containing chamber  601  of the packaging case  600 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 9 , since the dust-proof glass  351  attached to the counter substrate  20  has substantially the same size as the hole part  602 , the liquid crystal panel  100  may be positioned with respect to the packaging case  600  using the contour of the dust-proof glass  351 . However, if the dust-proof glass  351  has a size smaller than that of the counter substrate  20  is attached to the counter substrate  20 , the liquid crystal panel  100  may be positioned with respect to the packaging case  600  by the dicing process surfaces  20   d  of the counter substrate  20  which is formed with relatively high accuracy. 
     After the liquid crystal panel  100  has been positioned with respect to the packaging case  600 , a photo-setting setting or thermosetting adhesive  650  may fill in gaps between the scribe/break process face  20   s  of the end face  20   t  of the counter substrate  20  and the end face  10   t  of the TFT substrate  10 , and an end face  352   t  of the dust-proof glass  352  attached to the TFT substrate  10  and a wall  603   s  of the hole part  603  of the packaging case  600 . 
     Although not shown, the adhesive  650  may also be made to fill in a gap between two sides adjacent to the end faces  10   t ,  20   t  and  352   t  and the wall  603   s . The adhesive  650  may be cured such that the liquid crystal panel is fixed in the containing chamber  601  of the packaging case  600  with relatively high positional accuracy. 
     In certain emobiments, when the liquid crystal panel  100  is divided from the structure  500  obtained by attaching the first substrate  150  to the second substrate  250 , the scribe lines  250 X and the cracks  250   k  may be formed by the known scribe/break process and the dicing lines  250   d  having the predetermined depth may be formed by the dicing process along the scribe lines  250 X and the cracks  250   k  at the division positions  301  and the division positions  302  in the X direction of the second substrate  250 . 
     Accordingly, it is possible to form the counter substrate  20  configuring the liquid crystal panel  100  divided from the structure  500  with necessary accuracy by the dicing process having a division accuracy higher than that of the scribe/break process for forming the dicing lines by the predetermined depth. For example, the contour R between the dicing process faces  20   d  of the end faces  20   i  and  20   t  of the counter substrate  20  can be formed with necessary accuracy. 
     Accordingly, since the liquid crystal panel  100  can be contained in the containing chamber  601  of the packaging case  600  on the basis of the dicing process faces  20   d  with relatively high positional accuracy, it is possible to provide a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal device  1  capable of improving manufacturing yield of the liquid crystal device  1 . 
     In certain embodiments, the depth of the dicing lines  250   d  formed in the second substrate  250  is less than the thickness of the second substrate  250  in the Z direction and is equal to the length of the wall  602   s  of the hole part  602  of the containing chamber  601  of the packaging case  600 . 
     Accordingly, the dicing process faces  20   d  of the end faces  20   i  and  20   t  of the counter substrate  20  after division contact the walls  602   s  of the hole part  602  of the containing chamber  601  of the packaging case  600  and thus the liquid crystal panel  100  can be contained in the containing chamber  601  of the packaging case  600  with relatively high positional accuracy on the basis of the dicing process faces  20   d.    
     Since the adhesive  650  may be sufficiently filled in the gap between the scribe/break process faces  20   s  of the end faces  20   i  and  20   t  of the counter substrate  20  and the wall  603   s  of the hole part  603  of the containing chamber  601 , the liquid crystal panel  100  may be contained and fixed in the containing chamber  601  of the packaging case  600  with necessary positional accuracy. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal device  1 , which is capable of improving the manufacturing yield of the liquid crystal device  1 . 
     In certain embodiments, the dicing lines  250   d  may be formed at the division positions  302  of the second substrate  250 . That is, the member  250   c  between the division position  301  and the division position  302  in the X direction of the second substrate  250  is removed and the dicing lines  250   d  may be formed at the position overlapping the wiring lines  120  in plan view in order to strip the wiring lines  120  formed on the first substrate  150 . The dicing lines  250   d  formed at the division positions  302  may have a predetermined depth less than the thickness of the second substrate  250  in the Z direction, similar to the dicing lines  250   d  formed at the division positions  301 . 
     Although the dicing lines  250   d  are formed in the second substrate  250  at the positions overlapping the wiring lines  120  of the first substrate  120 , the wiring lines  120  are not damaged by the dicing process. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal device, which is capable of improving the manufacturing yield of the liquid crystal device. 
     Hereinafter, other embodiments are described. Although, at the division positions  301  and  302  of the second substrate  250  in the Z direction, the dicing lines  250   d  may be formed by the predetermined depth less than the thickness of the second substrate  250  in the Z direction, in accordance with other embodiments, it is not so limited. The dicing lines  250   d  may be formed so as to pass through the second substrate  250  at the division positions  301  if the wiring lines  120  are not damaged and the contour R between the dicing process faces  20   d  of the end faces  20   i  and  20   t  of the counter substrate  20  has necessary accuracy. According to this exemplary manufacturing method, it is possible to simplify the manufacturing method. 
     Although the dicing lines may be formed in the second substrate  250  by a depth less than the thickness of the substrate by the dicing process in certain embodiments, other embodiments are not so limited. When the liquid crystal panel is positioned with respect to the packaging case  600  on the basis of the end faces of the TFT substrate  10 , the dicing lines may be formed in the first substrate  150  at the division positions  301  in the X direction by the depth less than the thickness of the first substrate  150  in the Z direction. Accordingly, the liquid crystal panel  100  can be contained in the containing chamber  601  of the packaging case  600  with relatively high accuracy using the dicing process faces of the end faces of the TFT substrate  10 . 
     Although the plurality of TFT substrates may be formed in the first substrate  150  and the plurality of counter substrates  20  may be formed in the second substrate  250  in certain embodiments, in other embodiments it is not so limited. The plurality of counter substrates  20  may be formed in the first substrate  150  and the plurality of TFT substrates  10  may be formed in the second substrate  250 . In either case, the liquid crystal panel  100  can be contained in the packaging case  600  on the basis of the end faces of the TFT substrate  10  with relatively high positional accuracy. 
     Although the first substrate  150  is the substrate in which the plurality of TFT substrates  10  are formed and the second substrate  250  is the substrate in which the plurality of counter substrates  20  are formed in accordance with certain embodiments, other embodiments are not so limited. The first substrate  150  may be the substrate in which the plurality of TFT substrates  10  are formed and the second substrate  250  may be the large dust-proof glass  352  having the same size as the first substrate  150 . In addition, certain embodiments may be applied when the TFT substrate  10  and the dust-proof glass  352  are divided from a structure obtained by attaching the first substrate  150  and the dust-proof glass  352  to each other in a chip. 
     The first substrate  150  may be the substrate in which the plurality of counter substrates  20  are formed and the second substrate  250  may be the large dust-proof glass  351  having the same size as the first substrate  150 . In addition, certain embodiments may be applied when the counter substrate  20  and the dust-proof glass  351  are divided from a structure obtained by attaching the first substrate  150  and the dust-proof glass  351  to each other in a chip. 
     The liquid crystal device is not limited to the above-described embodiments and may be changed without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, although an active matrix liquid crystal display module using an active element such as a TFT is used as an exemplary liquid crystal device, other active elements, such as a thin-film diode (TFD) may be used. 
     Although a liquid device is used as the electro-optical device in certain embodiments, the invention is not limited to this and is applicable to a variety of electro-optical devices such as an electroluminescence device such as an organic electroluminescence device or an inorganic electroluminescence device, a plasma display device, a field emission display (FED) device, a surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED) device, a light-emitting diode (LED) device, an electrophoretic display device, and a small-size television set using a thin cathode-ray tube or a liquid crystal shutter. 
     An electro-optical device may be, for example, a display device on which an element is formed on a semiconductor substrate, such as a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS). In a LCOS, a single-crystal silicon substrate is used as the device substrate and transistors may be formed on the single-crystal silicon substrate as switching element used in pixels or peripheral circuits. Reflective pixel electrodes may be used as the pixels such that the pixel elements are formed below the pixel electrodes. 
     The electro-optical device may be a display device on which a pair of electrodes is formed on the same layer of one substrate, such as an in-plane switching (IPS) device, or a display device on which a pair of electrodes is formed on one substrate with an insulating film interposed therebetween, such as a fringe field switching (FFS) device. 
     It should be understood that the preceding is merely a description of several embodiments. While specific embodiments and applications have been illustrated and described, the precise configuration and components disclosed herein is illustrative only and not limiting in any sense. Having the benefit of this disclosure, various modifications, changes, and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the principles disclosed. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the scope of the invention is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing description.