Abstract:
An otoplastic for production of behind-the-ear hearing aids. The hearing aid includes a preferably flexible signal conductor, such as an acoustic tube positioned in the auditory canal, whereby the otoplastic matches the individual anatomy of the patient and its locating part is in the form of a clip, which, at least partly arched, follows the outer edge of the cavum conchae. A branch following the edge of the cavum conchae transforms, above the antitragus, into a bent crosspiece traversing the cavum conchae and extending in the direction of the porous acusticus externus. The end section of the crosspiece lies in the upper section of the auditory canal and widens to accept the signal conductor ( 42 ).

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The invention relates to an ear fitting piece, i.e. an earpiece for behind-the-ear (BTE) devices in the field of hearing acoustics. 
     2. Discussion of the Related Art 
     BTE devices are also frequently referred to as BTE secret ears (SE). In this connection, a relatively short sound tube is used, making it possible to noticeably reduce friction losses, particularly in the high-frequency sonic range. 
     However, the sound tube must be precisely positioned in or on the auditory canal, and for this purpose, an ear fitting piece, i.e. an earpiece is regularly used, which is individually adapted to the human anatomy of the ear of the patient to be treated. Up to the present date, various forms of earpieces have become common, with some, namely the so-called “open” BTE earpieces, being particularly preferred, in order to have the minimum possible effect on the auditory canal, caused by partially covering or closing it off in some regions, with a “foreign body.” These “open” BTE devices have the further advantage that the hearing capacity that still exists is impaired as little as possible in terms of its natural effect. 
     Known relevant earpieces are known as “SE shell shape, SE clip shape, or SE claw shape” (See Ulrich Voogdt: Otoplastik—Die individually Otoplastik zur Horgerate-Versorgung . . . [Earpieces—Individual earpieces for hearing aids . . . ], Volume 2 of the scientific series “Akademie für Hörgeräte-Akustik” [Academy for hearing device acoustics], Median-Verlag of Killisch-Horn GmbH, 1993). A modified version of these common earpieces is the “open” solution. However, all of the variants have the common feature that it is frequently not possible to make the hearing correction as natural as possible. 
     It is therefore the task of the invention to create an earpiece for an “open” BTE hearing aids, for CI components (cochlear implant microphone systems and CI BTE processors), or BTE tinnitus systems, which are characterized not only by a minimal feeling of wearing a foreign body, and good wearing comfort, but primarily in that natural sound processing in the human ear can be utilized with as little distortion as possible, in order to ensure a maximum degree of hearing correction and sense of natural hearing. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides an earpiece providing one or more of the above advantages. 
     With the earpiece according to the invention, it is possible to keep the auditory canal open at the decisive points, to a degree that has not been achieved until now. The invention is based on the consideration that the sense of natural hearing, on the one hand, and the effectiveness of the hearing correction, on the other hand, are significantly influenced by the anatomically determined, natural resonance conditions in the auditory canal, including the external ear. Using the structure of the earpiece according to the invention, the natural resonance remains largely unaffected, even if the auditory canal is very narrow. In this connection, there are the additional advantages that the wearing comfort is extremely good (material-free region in the region of the crus helicis; no accumulation of heat), that the earpiece requires very little material and therefore also has cosmetic advantages, and that acoustic coupling for influencing the frequency and the dynamics can take place more free of complications. 
     Although the earpiece according to the invention takes up less room, it can reliably fulfill the function of stabilizing the sound tube, in that the coupling between the sound tube and the BTE device is utilized for stabilization. 
     It has been shown that the support elements of the earpiece are positioned in such a stable manner, in spite of the reduced contact area with the cavum conchae, that the end segment of the earpiece traverse part can carry an auditory canal tab, in accordance with the further aspect of the invention, making it possible to achieve better support in the auditory canal. 
     The task stated above is accomplished in accordance with a second alternative in accordance with a further aspect of the invention, in that the earpiece is, for the first time, positioned at a location of the external ear that lies entirely outside of the cavum conchae. It has surprisingly been shown that when positioning the part of the earpiece that provides the hold in the cymba, it is easily possible, in interaction with the inherent s ability of the flexible signal conductor or the sound tube, to precisely and reproducibly position the latter in the auditory canal, which is no longer blocked off by an earpiece component, according to the invention. In this way, this earpiece is particularly well suited, in addition to “open” standard applications, for applications in children with deafness in one ear, or, for example, for students with normal hearing but with a so-called reading/spelling weakness, in connection with so-called FM (frequency modulation) systems in which the teacher&#39;s speaking signal is fed into the auditory canal of the hearing-challenged child via a microphone and a microport system. Particularly in this case, utilization of the natural auditory canal resonance is very important, and this is achieved by the earpiece according to the invention, to a degree that has not been achieved until now. Because of the improved general conditions, it is furthermore easier to undertake acoustical coupling of the hearing device to the frequency and dynamics influencing system, so that the earpiece according to the invention is also well suited for use in media, e.g. during live television interviews, as a type of “in-ear monitoring,” where in this case, a simultaneous translation, for example, or the voice signal of a prompter, are fed into the auditory canal under the most natural conditions possible. 
     A particular advantage of the earpiece according to the present invention can be seen in that there is great freedom with regard to the structure of the clip that goes around the external ear in the shape of an arc, which in turn can be utilized for additional stabilization of the earpiece. 
     If the main body of the earpiece that provides the hold is extended into the region of the crus anthelicis, stabilization of the main body is further improved, which makes it possible to further reduce the size of the main body. At the same time, this improves the wearing comfort, and it also has advantages in terms of cosmetics. 
     This embodiment, just like the first embodiment, has the advantage that it can be used without complications for specific special applications, such as a very narrow canal or a lot of hair at the end of the auditory canal, or other anomalies of the ear anatomy. 
     Further developments of the invention are described hereafter in the specification and claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a view of an ear and earpiece from the side, with the earpiece appearing according to the first embodiment inserted in it; 
         FIG. 2  is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3 , and  FIG. 4  on a larger scale, illustrate representations of an actual manufactured earpiece of the embodiment according to  FIGS. 1 and 2 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a view of an earpiece placed in an external ear, according to the construction corresponding to the first embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a view of an ear from the side, with the earpiece according to the second embodiment inserted therein; 
         FIG. 7  is cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII in  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8 , and  FIG. 9 : on a larger scale, illustrate representations of an actual manufactured earpiece of the embodiment according to  FIGS. 6 and 7 ; 
         FIG. 10 : is an enlarged view of another embodiment of the earpiece, with a main body of a smaller size; 
         FIG. 11 : is a view of an earpiece according to  FIG. 10 , placed in an external ear; 
         FIG. 12 : a view of a variant of the earpiece according to  FIG. 1 to 5 , corresponding to  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 13 : a view of the earpiece according to  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14 : a view of a madification of the earpiece according to  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 15 : a cross-sectional view of the embodiment according to  FIG. 14 ; 
         FIG. 16 : a view of a further development of the earpiece according to  FIG. 6 to 11 , corresponding to  FIG. 11 ; 
         FIGS. 17 and 18 : views of a first embodiment of the earpiece according to  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 19 : a view of the earpiece according to  FIGS. 17 and 18 , similar to  FIG. 13 ; 
         FIGS. 20 and 21 : views of a second embodiment of the earpiece according to  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIGS. 22 and 23 : views of a third embodiment of the earpiece according to  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIGS. 24 and 25 : views of a variant of the third embodiment of the earpiece according to  FIGS. 22 and 23 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  shows an earpiece, with the reference number  20 , for a BTE device, which is used in the cavum conchae, referred to with the reference number  22 . The crus helices is referred to with the reference number  24 , and the auditory canal, i.e. the meatus acusticus externus, is referred to with reference number  26 . 
     The earpiece serves to stabilize a sound tube  28  that leads to the BTE device, not shown, which tube opens into the auditory canal. For this purpose, the earpiece is individually adapted to the anatomy of the patient, for example by means of an impression-taking procedure. It essentially has the shape of a clip with two shanks  32 ,  34 . The first shank extends in arc shape along the outer edge  36  of the cavum conchae  22  up to a point above the antitragus, referred to as  30 . From there, the earpiece runs at an angle, upward, via a second shank that passes through the cavum conchae, which will be referred to as the traverse segment  34  in the following. The traverse segment runs in the direction of the porus acusticus externus  38  and there widens to an end segment  40 , which serves to hold the signal conductor, in the case shown here, a sound tube angle piece  42 . 
     As is evident from  FIG. 2 , the end segment  40  makes a transition into an acoustical canal tab  44  in which a bore  46  (shown with broken lines) is formed. 
     From the drawing, it is evident that the earpiece covers the auditory canal  26  only slightly, so that the natural auditory canal/external ear resonance is maintained. Additional stabilization of the earpiece  20  is achieved with the sound tube  28 , which is rigidly connected with the angle piece  42 . 
     In  FIGS. 3 and 4 , which show an earpiece according to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , made of plastic, the filigree structure is clearly evident, but nevertheless the earpiece can be fixed in place in the cavum conchae, in stable manner. 
     The cosmetic aspect of the earpiece according to the invention is best evident from  FIG. 5 , in which the visible surface of the earpiece  20  is shown with hatched lines. It is obvious that the design according to the invention is such that it has practically no detrimental effect on the natural appearance of the external ear. 
       FIGS. 6 to 11  show additional embodiments of the earpiece according to one or more aspects of the present invention. 
     The earpiece, which again is emphasized with hatched lines, as also in  FIGS. 1 and 2 , is referred to with the reference number  120 . It is arranged in such a way that the cavum conchae remains entirely free. Instead, the earpiece is arranged in the region of the cymba conchae  50 , and, in the case shown, with an extension into the region of the crus anthelicis  52 ,  54 . 
     Again, the earpiece is individually adapted to the anatomy of the patient, and consists essentially of two components, namely the part  156  that provides the hold, which is shaped to fit into the cymba conchae  50 , and a hill  160 , which forms the holder for the flexible sound tube  128  at its end. The sound tube  128  is inserted at an angle into the interior of the auditory canal  26 , as shown in  FIG. 7 , and can have a so-called cerum defender  162  there, for example. 
     This embodiment of the earpiece has an even smaller structural volume than the earpiece according to  FIGS. 1 to 5 , and, as is evident from  FIG. 7 , it has almost no influence on the auditory canal. 
       FIGS. 8 and 9  show an earpiece used in practical situations, on a larger scale. The surface structure of the main body, with its multiple curves, is clearly evident; this is responsible for the accurate fit and secure seat in the cymba conchae, which prevents it from being moved. The embodiment according to  FIG. 8 ,  9  was produced for a patient with a rather large-volume cymba conchae. 
       FIGS. 10 and 11  show another embodiment that was used for a patient with a significantly smaller cymba conchae. The earpiece, designated as  220 , has a significantly smaller main body  256 , which again is spatially curved in many places, so that the necessary undercut with the surface of the ear comes about. 
     From the view according to  FIG. 11 , it is evident that the visible part of the earpiece  220  is kept to a minimum. 
     Of course, all the usual materials can be used for the earpieces according to the invention, such as hot-polymerized and cold-polymerized PMMA or photopolymerizate. Because of the low volume of the earpiece, colored designs, possibly with jewelry-like applications, are also possible. Also, metals such as stainless steel, gold, silver, platinum, titanium (injection-molding or spin-casting process) can be used, and it is also possible to work with galvanic technology. 
       FIGS. 12 to 15  show a variant of the earpiece according to  FIGS. 1 to 5 . In order to simplify the description, those components that correspond to the components of the earpiece according to  FIGS. 1 and 2  are provided with the same reference numbers, but with a 3 preceding them. 
     In contrast to the structure according to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the clip of the earpiece  320  is modified in such a way that it essentially has the shape of a Euro-E. The shank  332  that follows the edge of the cavum conchae  322  is extended beyond an angled location  370  for the traverse segment  334  and runs along the anthelix  362 , so that it forms another shank  364  there. The hatched areas indicate that the individual shanks make a transition into each other via roundings  332 A. 
     As a variant to  FIG. 12 ,  FIG. 13  shows that the additional shank  364  is extended to a location behind the antitragus  330 . 
       FIGS. 14 and 15  explain the modification of the earpiece once again, using representations that correspond to the views of  FIGS. 1 and 2 . It is evident that also in this embodiment, the shank  334  that forms the traverse segment makes a transition to an end segment  340 , which is connected in one piece with the auditory canal tab  340 . The auditory canal tab  340  in turn is placed in the upper region of the auditory canal  326 , without making contact. 
       FIG. 16  illustrates a possibility of structuring the earpiece according to  FIGS. 6 to 11  with regard to anatomically optimized stabilization of the sound tube in the region of the entrance to the auditory canal. Here again, for the sake of simplifying the description, the same reference numbers are used for segments and components that have an equivalent in  FIGS. 6 to 11 , with a 4 preceding them. 
     It is evident that the clip  460  that goes around the edge  458  of the external ear in the shape of an arc has been pivoted downward from the position shown with a dot-dash line, so that it practically bridges the top segment of the crus helicis  424 . 
       FIGS. 17 to 19  show a first embodiment of this modification. The reference number  461  refers to a sound tube eye that stabilizes a sound tube  428 . The arrangement is designed in such a way that the sound tube eye  461  is located directly above the incisura anterior  425 , i.e. between the tragus  427  and the crus helicis  424 . 
     For the remainder, the embodiment corresponds to that according to  FIGS. 6 to 11 , i.e. half of the earpiece body is located in the cymba, while the other half can run below the helix  431  via the crus inferior anthelicis  433  in the direction of the fossa triangularis  435 . This is shown in  FIG. 19 , for example. 
     A second variant of the modified embodiment of the earpiece according to  FIG. 16  is shown in  FIGS. 20 and 21 . Here again, for the sake of simplifying the description, the same reference numbers are used for segments and components that have an equivalent in  FIGS. 17 to 19 , but with a 5 preceding them. 
     Here, the arrangement is designed in such a way that a holder  561  for the sound tube  528  is recessed between the incisura anterior  525  and the tragus  527 , in the entrance region to the auditory canal  526 . The clip  560  runs at an even steeper angle than in the embodiment according to  FIGS. 17 to 19 . 
     Since the entrance region to the auditory canal, particularly in the first third of the auditory canal, is reduced in size with this variant of the sound tube mantling, there are corresponding shifts in the OEG resonance. In addition, it must be noted that the material coverage around the region of the crux helicis requires sensitive impression-taking or targeted work on the impression of this region. 
     A second embodiment of the modified version of the earpiece according to  FIG. 16  is shown in  FIGS. 22 and 23 . Here again, to simplify the description, the same reference numbers are used for segments and components that have an equivalent in  FIGS. 6 to 11 , with a 6 preceding them here. 
     The difference as compared with the variant according to  FIGS. 20 and 21  is that the sound tube holder is formed by an auditory canal tab  644  arranged without making contact in the upper region of the auditory canal, which holder surrounds the sound tube  628  or an angled piece of the earpiece. 
     Finally,  FIGS. 24 and 25  show a modification of the variants of  FIGS. 20 to 23 , in such a way that further improvement of the stabilization of the earpiece is a result. The sound tube holder  744  is stabilized by way of a support claw  780 , shown with hatched lines, which extends from the bottom of the sound tube holder  744  in the direction of the antitragus  730 , molding itself against the concha  722 .