Abstract:
A wound protector and retractor device comprising a longitudinal axis, a distal ring, a proximal ring, and a sleeve extending between the distal ring and the proximal ring. The sleeve is fixed to the proximal ring at a first end portion and axially slidable over the proximal ring at a second end portion.

Description:
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/801,826, filed Mar. 9, 2001, now abandoned, which is a continuation of PCT International Application No. PCT/IE99/00122, filed Dec. 1, 1999, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to a surgical device. More specifically, the invention relates to devices for retraction of an incision or natural bodily opening during surgery and for protecting the edges or incisions from infection or tumour seeding during surgery. 
   Wound Retraction 
   Adequate anatomical exposure is required in modem surgical procedures to allow procedures to be safely and effectively performed. Anatomical exposure is achieved by separating the walls of a natural orifice or spreading apart the margins of a surgical incision. A difficult surgical procedure can be simplified by adequate retraction whereas a relatively simple procedure can be made more difficult or even dangerous by the lack of adequate retraction. Exposure is maximised with correct incision placement and well directed retraction. 
   Retraction can be achieved in several different ways. The most common method of surgical wound retraction is by the use of hand held retractors. These may be made of metal or thermoplastics and allow an operator to apply a retraction force to the wound edges. They are disposable or reusable and come in a variety of shapes and sizes to satisfy the requirements of different surgical procedures. 
   Another type of retractor are Frame mounted retractor devices are also known. Such devices consist of a rigid circular or horseshoe-shaped frame on which multiple, detachable and movable paddle retractors are attached. The device may be mounted to an operating table to provide secure anchorage. Retraction may be applied in required directions. Typically such retractors are made of stainless steel to facilitate cleaning and sterilisation for reuse. Some of the more complex retactors need to be taken apart before sterilisation and reassembled before use. These devices always apply retraction at a fewspecific locations on the wound. This is a disadvantage of such devices as it can lead to regional ischaemia on parts the wound edge. 
   A wound retractor, and protector is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,524,644 (Crook). This device consists of an open-ended sleeve of polymeric material with a flexible ring at each end. One ring is inserted into the incision and the sleeve is manually rolled up around the other ring to apply tension to the polymeric material to achieve retraction. The device is often difficult to use because of the manual dexterity required, especially when the surgeons hands are wet. In addition, the device is incrementally adjustable. This restricts the efficiency of the device across all abdominal wall thicknesses. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,179 (Williamson IV) describes a device having an elastomeric sealing element and a tubing conduit. The device protects the edges of the wound from contamination. However, the device is specifically for laparoscopic instruments and is not suitable for hand assisted surgery because the wound opening is not sufficiently retracted. 
   WO-A-96/36283 (Mollenauer) describes a trocar device for retracting and sealing an incision and providing a sealed access port for surgical instruments. Whilst this incision and providing a sealed access port for surgical instruments. Whilst this device provides both retraction and protection to the wound edge is not suitable for use in hand assisted surgery due to size limitations. The device retarcts and protects due to the inflation of one or one or more balloons and because these close the lumen when inflated it is not possible to visulaise the contents of the abdomen through the device. 
   WO-A-98/48724 discloses a device for use in hand assisted laparoscopic surgery. The device has a wound retractor/protector component and a component for sealing around the wrist of the surgeon. The wound protector component consists of an inner ring and two outer inflatable doughnut-shaped rings mounted vertically on top of another. The inner and outer rings are linked by an elastomeric sleeve. Inflation of the two outer rings causes retraction of the elastomeric sleeve. This device provides wound retraction and protection but it is not suitable for device has a large vertical profile due to the outer rings. This restructs reach into the incision and extends the fulcrum of any instruments used in such a way that their effective reach and breath of lateral movement would be severely restricted. 
   Wound Protection 
   The sides of an open wound are susceptible to infection and cross contamination if they are touched by contaminated material such as body parts or fluids as they pass through the opening of a wound. Serious problems can also result from cancerous material coming into contact with the wound edge. It is well known that cancerous cells may become seeded in wound areas, especially at trocar sites. 
   To avoid such problems great care is taken to protect the edges of an incision using drapes that are impervious to liquids. An incision liner is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,397,692 (Creager). This linear comprises a sheet of polymeric material. The sheet has a hole cut out in the centre and the edges of the hole are reinforced using a semi-rigid ring. This ring can be inserted into the incision allowing a surgical procedure to proceed through the ring while the material attached to the ring protects the edges of the incision from contaminants in the wound site. These device marketed as “Steridrape” by 3M Corporation and comes in a variety of sizes for different wound sizes. However such devices do not adequately retract an incision. 
   In general known devices are of either complex construction, do not effectively seal a wound and/or are difficult to operate. 
   There is therefore a need for an improved surgical device that will overcome at least some of these problems. 
   Statements of Invention 
   According to the invention there is provided a surgical device comprising:
         an inner mounting means for insertion through a wound opening;   a first outer mounting means for mounting external of a wound opening; and   connecting means extending between the inner and outer mounting means;   the connecting means being movable to shorten the axial extent of the connecting means.       

   In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the outer mounting means is movable relative to the inner mounting means to twist the connecting means to form a lumen of reduced cross section and to shorten the axial extent of the connecting means. 
   Most preferably the outer mounting means is rotatable relative to the inner mounting means to twist the connecting means. 
   In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention the connecting means is a sleeve of pliable material extending between the inner and outer mounting means. 
   In one aspect the device includes a second outer mounting means, the connecting means extending between the first outer mounting means, the inner mounting means, and the second outer mounting means. 
   In this case preferably the first and second outer mounting means are rotatable relative to one another to twist the connecting means and to draw the inner mounting means towards the outer mounting means. The outer rings also rotate relative to the inner mounting means. 
   In a particularly preferred embodiment the inner mounting means is an O-ring. Preferably the connecting means is a sleeve which is led from the first outer mounting means to the O-ring and from the O-ring to the second outer mounting means. 
   In a preferred embodiment of the invention the device includes locking means for locking the first outer mounting means relative to the second outer mounting means. 
   In one arrangement one of the outer mounting means is located or locatable within the other outer mounting means. 
   Preferably the inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than or equal to the axial length of the sleeve. 
   In a preferred arrangement the inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the axial length of the sleeve by an amount less than the thickness of an average abdominal wall, which is typically 2 to 6 cm. This assists in achieving a retraction force. 
   Preferably a substantially gas tight seal is formed between the outer mounting means on shortening of the length of the sleeve. Ideally, the sleeve extending between the first and second outer mounting means defines an inflatable space. 
   In one embodiment of the invention the device includes a port for connection to an inflation means. 
   The invention also provides a surgical device comprising:
         an inner mounting means for insertion through a wound opening;   a first outer mounting means;   a second outer mounting means; and   a sleeve of pliable material extending from the second outer mounting means to the inner mounting means and from the inner mounting means to the first outer mounting means.       

   Preferably one or both of the first and second outer mounting means are movable relative to one another to adjust the diameter of the lumen defined by a twist in the sleeve extending therebetween. 
   Ideally, the first and second outer mounting means are rotatable relative to one another. 
   In one embodiment of the invention the sleeve is releasably mounted to the second outer mounting means for adjustment of the length of the sleeve. 
   Preferably the second mounting means comprises a receiver and the sleeve is mounted or mountable to a ring which is releasably mounted to the receiver. 
   In another embodiment of the invention the inner mounting means is configured to reduce the size thereof for ease of insertion into a wound opening. 
   Typically in this case the inner mounting means comprises a ring which includes a hinge means for reducing the size of the ring. 
   A device as claimed in claim  1  wherein the connecting means is translated to shorten the axial extent of the connecting means. 
   A device as claimed in claim  23  wherein the connecting means comprises a sleeve which is translated by a drawstring mechanism. 
   A device as claimed in claim  24  wherein the connecting means comprises a plurality of straps attached to the inner mounting means, the straps being pulled upwardly to shorten the axial extend of the connecting means. 
   Typically the outer mounting means includes a holder for holding a surgical instrument. 
   The surgical device may form a wound retractor, a wound protector or a wound protector retractor. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
     The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description thereof given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
       FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a surgical device according to the invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a cross sectional view of the device of  FIG. 1 ; 
       FIG. 3  is a cross sectional view of the device in one position of use; 
       FIG. 4  is a cross sectional view of the device in another position of use; 
       FIG. 5  is a top plan view of the device in the position of  FIG. 4 ; 
       FIGS. 6 and 7  are respectively perspective and cross sectional views illustrating a method of forming the device of  FIGS. 1  to  5 ; 
       FIG. 8  is a perspective view of another surgical device according to the invention; 
       FIG. 9  is a cross sectional view of the device of  FIG. 8  in one position of use; 
       FIG. 10  is a cross sectional view of the device of  FIG. 8  in another position of use; 
       FIGS. 11 and 12  are cross sectional views of another surgical device according to the invention in different positions of use; 
       FIG. 13  is a plan view of the device of  FIG. 11 ; 
       FIG. 14  is a cross sectional view of a further surgical device according to the invention; 
       FIGS. 15A and 15B  are cross sectional views of the device of  FIG. 14 , in use; 
       FIG. 16  is plan view of the device of  FIG. 14 ; 
       FIG. 17  is a cross section view of another surgical device of invention; 
       FIG. 18  is a plan view of the device of  FIG. 17 ; 
       FIG. 19  is a cross sectional view of another surgical device of the invention; 
       FIG. 20  is a plan view of the device of  FIG. 19 ; 
       FIG. 21  is a cross sectional view of a further surgical device of the invention; 
       FIG. 22  is a cross sectional view of a still further surgical device of the invention; 
       FIG. 23  is plan view of the device of  FIG. 22 ; 
       FIG. 24  is a perspective view of another surgical device of the invention; 
       FIG. 25  is a perspective view of the device of  FIG. 24  being adjusted; 
       FIG. 26  is a side, partially cross sectional view of the device of  FIGS. 24 and 25 ; 
       FIG. 27  is a view similar to  FIG. 26  of the device partially disassembled; 
       FIG. 28  is a view similar to  FIG. 26  with the device of  FIG. 27  re-assembled; 
       FIG. 29  is a diagrammatic perspective view of another surgical device of the invention; 
       FIG. 30  is a perspective view of the device of  FIG. 29  in a wound inserting configuration; 
       FIGS. 31 and 32  are respectively diagrammatic perspective and plan views of an inner ring part of the device of  FIGS. 29 and 30 ; 
       FIG. 33  is a cross sectional view of two surgical devices ready for assembly; 
       FIG. 34  is a cross sectional view of the devices of  FIG. 33 , assembled; 
       FIG. 35  is a plan view of another surgical device according to the invention; 
       FIG. 36  is a cross sectional view on the line A—A in  FIG. 35  with the device in position in an incision; 
       FIG. 37  is a plan view of the device of  FIGS. 35 and 36  in another position of use; and 
       FIG. 38  is a cross sectional view on the line B—B of FIG.  37 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
   Referring to the drawings and initially to  FIGS. 1  to  7  thereof there is illustrated a surgical device, especially for use in laproscopic surgery. The device  1  in this case is used in surgery involving an incision  2  in a wall  3  of a patients abdomen. The wound is, in this case, both protected and retracted by the device  1  of the invention. Thus, the invention in this case provides a wound protector retractor. 
   The device  1  comprises an inner mounting means in the form of an O-ring  10  of flexible material such as of elastomeric material for insertion through the wound opening  2 , an outer mounting means for mounting external of the wound opening  2  and a connecting means, in this case in the form of a sleeve  11  extending between the inner  10  and outer mounting means. The outer mounting means is movable, in this case rotatable, relative to the inner O-ring  10  to twist the sleeve  11  to form a centralised lumen  12  of reduced cross section and to shorten the axial extent of the sleeve  11 . As the sleeve  11  is twisted the inner O-ring  10  is drawn upwardly from the inserted position illustrated in  FIG. 3  to the in-use position illustrated in  FIG. 4  in which the wound is sealed and a radial retraction force is applied to the wound. A surgeon inserts a sealed gloved hand/arm/instrument through the sealed and retracted wound to perform a surgical procedure within the abdomen. 
   In this preferred case the outer mounting means comprises a first outer mounting means in the form of a first annular ring  20  and a second outer mounting means in the form of a second annular ring  21 . The sleeve  11  is of biocompatible pliable gas impermeable plastics material and is attached at one end to the ring  20  and at an opposite end to the ring  21 . The sleeve  11  is connected to the ring  20 , led over the O-ring  10  and back up for attachment to the ring  21  as best illustrated in FIG.  2 . 
   In use, a surgeon makes an incision in the abdominal cavity and the O-ring  10  is flexed and inserted through the incision as illustrated in FIG.  3 . The outer rings  20 ,  21  are then rotated relative to one another in the direction of the arrows A and B in FIG.  3 . This relative rotation twists the sleeve  11  and shortens the sleeve until the device is in the operative position of FIG.  4 . In this position the inner O-ring  10  is engaged against the inside of the interior of the anterior abdominal wall and the rings  21  and  22  are external of the wound opening with the sleeve  11  shortened in axial extent. The twisting of the sleeve  11  provides a central lumen  12  of reduced size, which depends on the degree of twist. A full 180° relative twist would result in closing down of the lumen. The reduced lumen  12  provides access for instruments and/or a surgeons arm while maintaining a wound seal. 
   Locking means of any suitable type may be provided to lock the rings  20 ,  21  together. The locking means may, for example comprise a releasable latching system such as a ratchet and pawl arrangement or the like. 
   Preferably a gas tight seal is formed between the rings  20 ,  21  in use. The sleeve in this case provides an inflatable space  30  between the rings  20 ,  21  and the inner O-ring  10 . An inflation connection port may be provided in the device to facilitate inflation. On inflation, a wound engaging section  11   a  of the sleeve is pushed radially outwardly to provide a highly efficient wound protector/seal and wound retractor. The inner sleeve section  11   b  is inflated to further restrict the lumen  12  and provide highly efficient sealing engagement with a surgeons forearm, a device or an instrument inserted through the lumen. 
   For efficient sealing engagement it is preferred that the inner diameter (d) of the sleeve  11  is greater than or equal to the axial length (l) of the sleeve  11  as illustrated in FIG.  7 . Preferably the inner diameter of the sleeve is greater than the axial length of the sleeve by an amount which is less than the thickness of an average abdominal wall. With this configuration on twisting of the sleeve  11 , sealing and retraction forces are applied to the wound opening. 
   The surgical device  1  may be formed from a cylindrical sleeve  50  of pliable plastic material attached to a pair of rings  20 ,  21  as illustrated in  FIGS. 6 and 7 . A flexible O-ring  10  is fitted over the sleeve  50 . The flexible sleeve  50  is then turned over on itself so that the O-ring  10  is confined between inner and outer sleeve sections  11   a ,  11   b  and the rings  20 ,  21  are in the configuration illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
   The device of the invention applies a force to the wound edges to achieve adequate exposure without causing ischaemic injury to the wound edges. The device protects wound edges from cross infection or seeding by cancerous or otherwise malignant cells. Another advantage is that the device is sufficiently inexpensive that it can be disposed of after a single use thereby obviating the need for cleaning and sterilisation between use. In addition, the device is simple to place into a desired position in a wound or natural bodily opening and easy to remove, especially without negating the benefits gained from use of the device as a wound protector. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 8  to  10  there is illustrated another surgical device  60  according to the invention. The device  60  is similar to the device  1  and like parts are assigned the same reference numerals. In this case the sleeve  61  is a single wall sleeve and there is only one outer mounting ring  62 . On rotation of the outer ring  62  relative to the inner ring  10  a twist is formed in the sleeve which is shortened, drawing the inner ring  10  upwardly against the interior of the anterior abdominal wall as illustrated in  FIGS. 9 and 10 . 
   It will be appreciated that the inner O-ring may be fixed, for example, by adhesives to the sleeve of the surgical device. It will also be appreciated that one or more of the mounting means may be shaped to positively engage with tissue. For example, the mounting means may include tissue-engaging projections to lock the mounting means in position. 
   It will be appreciated that while for efficient retraction and wound protection it is preferred that the connecting means between the outer and inner mounting means is in the form of a sleeve of pliable material, the connecting means may be discontinuous. For example the sleeve may be in the form of elongate strips or the like. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 11  to  13  there is illustrated another surgical device  70  according to the invention. In this case the connecting means comprises a plurality of straps  71  which are drawn upwardly to shorten the axial extent and to form a wound retractor. The straps  71  are retained in the shortened configuration illustrated by any suitable locking means such as by wedge elements  72 . In this case an iris diaphragm type device  80  is provided in the wound opening which is inflatable from the rest configuration illustrated in  FIG. 11  to the pressurised inflated configuration illustrated in FIG.  12 . 
   Referring to  FIGS. 14  to  16  there is illustrated another device  85  according to the invention in which the connecting means is defined by a plurality of straps  86  which are movable between an inner mounting ring  83  and an outer mounting ring  84  by buckle devices  87  from the initial position illustrated in  FIG. 15B  to the wound retracting position of FIG.  15 A. The inner ring  83  is first inserted though the incision. The outer ring  82  is then brought down to skin level by taking up the slack in the straps  86 . To achieve the retraction effect the straps  86  are pulled taut causing the wound edge to be displaced out from the centrepoint of the wound. The straps  86  may be adjusted until optimum retraction is achieved. Tension in the straps  86  is maintained by the buckles  86  which may hold the strap  86  taut either by friction or using a clasp mechanism. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 17 and 18  another surgical device  90  similar to the device  85  is illustrated. In this case the inner and outer mounting rings  82 ,  83  are of oval shape in transverse cross section to smooth the movement of the straps  86 . This device operates in a similar manner to the device  85 . 
   Referring to  FIGS. 19 and 20  there is illustrated another surgical device  93  which has single legged straps  94 . This device operates in a similar manner to devices  85  and device  90 . In this case straps  94  do not loop around the inner ring  83  but are directly attached to it. 
   Referring to  FIG. 21  there is illustrated a further surgical device  95  having straps  96  which are locked in position by a locking mechainism. The locking mechanism comprises a wedge  97  inserted into a hole through which the strop  96  passes to hold the strap  96  in position by friction. A ratchet mechanism may also be used or some other adjustable locking mechanism to hold the strap in position. 
   The device  98  illustrated in  FIGS. 22 and 23  is similar to the device of  FIG. 21  except that a different construction of wedge or ratchet  99  is used to lock the straps in position. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 24  to  26  there is illustrated another surgical device according to the invention. In this case the surgical device is a wound protector retractor  200  of similar construction as that described above with reference to  FIGS. 1  to  10 . The device  1  comprises an inner mounting means in the form of a first O-ring  201 , a first outer mounting means in the form of a second O-ring  202  mounted in a first receiver  203 , and a second mounting means in the form of a third O-ring  205  mounted in a second receiver  206 . The receivers  203 ,  206  are in this case interconnectable as illustrated and a fourth O-ring  207  is provided between the receivers  203 ,  206  on assembly. 
   A sleeve  210  of flexible pliable plastics material extends from the second outer receiver  206  to the inner O-ring  201  and from the inner O-ring  201  to the first outer receiver  203 . The receivers  203 ,  206  are de-mountable as illustrated in  FIG. 25  to facilitate relative rotation therebetween in the direction of the arrows to vary the degree of twist in the sleeve  210 . 
   Referring to  FIGS. 27 and 28  there is illustrated another surgical device  220  which is similar to the device of  FIGS. 24  to  26  and like parts are assigned the same reference numerals. In this case the O-ring  205  is de-mountable from the receiver  206  to facilitate length adjustment of the sleeve  210 . On removal of the O-ring  205  the sleeve  210  is adjusted to a desired length d. In this way a single device  220  may be used for a variety of thickness of abdomens. The lumen diameter defined by the twist does not need to be changed to cater for a range of abdomen sizes. The excess sleeve may be cut off or wound around the O-ring seal  205 . 
   Referring now to  FIGS. 29  to  32  there is illustrated part  230  of another surgical device according to the invention which is similar to the devices of  FIGS. 24  to  28  and like parts are assigned the same reference numerals. An inner mounting means  231  is configured to reduce the size thereof for ease of insertion into a wound opening. In this case the inner mounting means  231  is in the form of a split ring which is hinged at  232  to facilitate a reduction in the diameter of the ring  231  as illustrated. It will of course be appreciated that the hinge may be integrally formed and indeed, there may be a number of such hinges. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 33 and 34  there is illustrated an assembly of two surgical devices  250 ,  260 . The device  250  is a forearm seal and the device  260  is a wound protector retractor which is assembled to an outer sealing device  250 . The sealing device  250  provides an outer sealed access port through which a surgeon may insert his forearm or for insertion of an instrument or the like. 
   Referring to  FIGS. 35  to  38  there is illustrated another surgical device  300  according to the invention. The device  300  is a wound protector retractor similar to those described above. In this case the wound protector retractor  300  comprises an inner ring  301  of semi-rigid elastomeric material and an outer ring  302  which is of similar material. A sleeve  303  of pliable material extends between the rings  301 ,  302 . Drawstrings  305  are fitted to the sleeve  303 , the drawstrings being pulled outwardly in the direction of the arrows to pull the sleeve  303  upwardly to tighten in the incision and provide a wound protector and retractor. 
   The invention is not limited to the embodiments hereinbefore described which may be varied in construction and detail.