Abstract:
Construction-set elements for use in kits for children and in puzzles. The construction-set element contains a flat rectangular base and a connecting assembly. The connecting assembly is formed of four groups of protrusions, provided on the base. The protrusions of the first group have a cruciform cross-section. The protrusions of the second group are tubular with a square-shaped cross-section. The protrusions of the third group are in the form of rectangular plates having barrier-walls along the short sides thereof, the barrier-walls being angled toward one another with the formation of a gap. In the fourth group, the protrusions are positioned at the corners of the base and are made in the form of L-shaped elements, the sides of which are perpendicular to the plane of the base.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to construction components, and particularly to construction elements (components) that can be used both in toy construction sets and puzzles. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     One known analog from prior art is the construction element from the company “LEGO”, containing a base, which is created, as a rule, in the form of a parallelepiped with one or more interlocking joints (U.S. Pat. No. 5,848,927 to Frederiksen, 15 Dec. 1998). 
     A disadvantage of the known construction element is poor functionality because its design permits only one possible type of connection between identical construction elements. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the claimed invention is to create a construction element which provides many options for interlocking similar elements. 
     The technical result includes increasing the functional possibilities of the construction element by increasing the connection options of the proposed construction element with other construction elements. 
     The technical result of the first construction element embodiment is achieved due to the construction element containing a base and interlocking joint. The base is made flat and has a rectangular form, with sides made in multiples of &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. The interlocking joint is created by positioning protrusions on the base, which form four groups of protrusions. The first group of protrusions is positioned at least on one side of the base made with a cross-shaped cross-section with a distance between opposite ends of a cross equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. The height of the protrusions in the first group is greater than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt; but no greater than &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. 
     The second group has protrusions positioned on at least one side of the base, they are made tubular, with cross-sections in the form of a square having side length in the channel of tubular protrusion equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. The height of the protrusions in the second group is equal to &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;. In the third group, protrusions are made in the form of rectangular plates, positioned with its midline on the ends of the base, flush with these ends, and having ledges with width equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt; along the short sides protruding not more than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt; from the base ends. The ledges are angled towards each other with a gap formed between their end parts no greater than &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. 
     Protrusions in the fourth group are made in the form of corners, having shelves positioned perpendicular to the base planes on its adjacent ends and flush with these ends. Shelves have a length equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt; and a width no greater than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;. All protrusions are positioned on the base in accordance with the coordinate grid of mutually perpendicular lines parallel to base edges. The distance between neighboring lines of the coordinate grid is equal to &lt;&lt;2a&gt;&gt;. The distance between the base edges and neighboring lines on the coordinate grid is &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;. Protrusions of the first group are positioned at points where the grid lines intersect. Protrusions of the second group are positioned at points where the diagonals of the cells of the coordinate grid intersect. Protrusions of the third group are positioned in the middle between the neighboring protrusions of the first group that are positioned flush with the ends of the base. Protrusions of the fourth group are positioned in the corners of the base. 
     The technical result of the second construction element embodiment is achieved due to the construction element containing a base and interlocking joint. The base is made flat and has a rectangular form, with at least one side equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt; and the other a multiple of &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. The interlocking joint is created by positioning protrusions on the base which form three groups of protrusions. The first group of protrusions is positioned at least on one side of the base and having cross-shaped cross-sections with distance between opposite ends of the cross equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. The height of the protrusions in the first group is greater than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt; but no greater than &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. The second group has protrusions made in the form of rectangular plates, positioned with its midline on the ends of the base, flush with these ends, and having ledges with width equal to a along the short sides protruding not more than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt; from the base ends. The ledges are angled towards each other with a gap formed between their end parts no greater than &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. Protrusions in the third group are made in the form of corners, having shelves positioned perpendicular to the base planes on its adjacent ends and flush with these ends. Shelves have a length equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt; and a width no greater than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;. 
     All protrusions are positioned on the base in accordance with the coordinate grid of mutually perpendicular lines parallel to base edges. The distance between neighboring lines of the coordinate grid is equal to &lt;&lt;2a&gt;&gt;. The distance between the base edges and neighboring lines on the coordinate grid is &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;. 
     Protrusions of the first group are positioned at points where the grid lines intersect. Protrusions of the second group are positioned in the middle between the neighboring protrusions of the first group that are positioned flush with the ends of the base. Protrusions of the third group are positioned in the corners of the base. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows protrusion of the first group. 
         FIG. 2  shows protrusion of the second group for construction elements according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 3  shows protrusion of the third group for construction elements according to the first embodiment or protrusion of the second group for construction elements according to the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 4  shows protrusion of the fourth group for construction elements according to the first embodiment or protrusion of the third group for construction elements according to the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 5  shows construction elements implemented according to the first embodiment with 9 protrusion of the first group, with 4 protrusion of the second group, with 8 protrusion of the third group and with 4 protrusion of the fourth group and with base having size &lt;&lt;5a&gt;&gt; by &lt;&lt;5a&gt;&gt;. 
         FIG. 6  shows an isometric view of construction elements implemented according to the first embodiment with 9 protrusion of the first group, with 4 protrusion of the second group, with 8 protrusion of the third group and with 4 protrusion of the fourth group and with base having size &lt;&lt;5a&gt;&gt; by &lt;&lt;5a&gt;&gt;. 
         FIG. 7  shows construction elements implemented according to the second embodiment with 3 protrusion of the first group, with 4 protrusion of the second group, with 4 protrusion of the third group and with base having size &lt;&lt;5a&gt;&gt; by a &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. 
         FIG. 8  shows an isometric view of construction elements implemented according to the second embodiment with 3 protrusion of the first group, with 4 protrusion of the second group, with 4 protrusion of the third group and with base having size &lt;&lt;5a&gt;&gt; by &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. 
         FIG. 9  shows an example of a base implemented according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 10  shows the connection of protrusions of the third and second groups of the construction element implemented according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 11  shows the connection of protrusions of the third group of the construction element implemented according to the first embodiment or the connection of protrusions of the second group of the construction element implemented according to the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 12  shows the connection of protrusions of the second and third groups of the construction element implemented according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 13  shows the connection of protrusions of the second, third and fourth groups of the construction element implemented according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 14  shows the connection of protrusions of the second and fourth groups of the construction element implemented according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 15  shows the connection of three protrusions of the third group of the construction element implemented according to the first embodiment or the connection of three protrusions of the second group of the construction element implemented according to the second embodiment. 
         FIG. 16  shows the connection of two protrusions of the first group and two protrusions of the third group of the construction element implemented according to the first embodiment or the connection of three protrusions of the second group of the construction element shows two construction elements, connected to one another. 
         FIG. 17  shows the connection of two protrusions of the first group and two protrusions of the third group of the construction element implemented according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 18  shows the connection of two protrusions of the second group and one protrusion of the third group of the construction element implemented according to the first embodiment. 
         FIG. 19  shows the connection of two construction elements implemented according to the second embodiment where the double connection represented in  FIG. 16  takes place. 
         FIG. 20  shows the connection of two construction elements implemented according to the second embodiment where the connection represented in  FIG. 15  takes place. 
         FIG. 21  shows the connection of two construction elements implemented according to the second embodiment where the connection represented in  FIG. 12  takes place. 
         FIG. 22  shows the connection of one construction element implemented according to the first embodiment with another construction element implemented according to the second embodiment where the connection represented in  FIG. 10  takes place. 
         FIG. 23  shows the connection of one construction element implemented according to the first embodiment with another construction element implemented according to the second embodiment where the connections represented in  FIGS. 13 and 17  take place. 
         FIGS. 24-28  show the connections represented in  FIGS. 19-23 . These  FIGS. 24-28  are presented only for visibility as far as the different elements of the construction set are better seen here due to retouch there. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Here we describe a construction element, according to the first embodiment, see  FIGS. 1-6 , where the interlocking joint made of protrusions and construction element according to the first embodiment with abovementioned interlocking joint are represented respectively. 
     Construction element, according to the first embodiment, contains a base  1 , made flat and having a rectangular form, with sides made in multiples of &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;, and an interlocking joint, created by positioning protrusions on the base, which form four groups of protrusions. The first group of protrusions  2  (see  FIGS. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 16 ) is positioned at least on one side of the base  1 . The height of the protrusions  2  (see  FIG. 1 ) &lt;&lt;H 1 &gt;&gt; in the first group is greater than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt; but no greater than &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. The protrusions  2  are made with a cross-shaped cross-section where a distance &lt;&lt;B 1 &gt;&gt; between opposite ends of the cross is equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. The protrusions  3  are of the second group according to the first embodiment (see  FIGS. 2, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 17 and 18 ) are also positioned at least on one side of the base  1 . The height of the protrusions  3  &lt;&lt;H 2 &gt;&gt; is equal to &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;. The protrusions  3  are made tubular, with cross-sections in the form of a square having side length in channel of the tubular protrusion  3  equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. In the third group, protrusions  4  according to the first embodiment (see  FIGS. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17 and 18 ) are made in the form of rectangular plates, positioned with its longest midline on the ends of the base  1 , and having ledges  5  along their short sides. The ledges  5  with width &lt;&lt;B 3 &gt;&gt; equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt; are maid protruding from the base ends by a length &lt;&lt;B 4 &gt;&gt; (see  FIG. 3 ) which is not more than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;, angled towards each other with a gap formed between their end parts no greater than &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt; (see  FIGS. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17 ). Ledges  5  are angled towards each other with a gap &lt;&lt;Δ&gt;&gt; formed between their end parts no greater than &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt; (see  FIG. 3 ). Protrusions  6  in the fourth group according to the first embodiment are made in the form of corners, having shelves positioned perpendicular to the base  1  planes on its adjacent ends and flush with these ends, The shelf length &lt;&lt;L&gt;&gt; is equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt; and width &lt;&lt;B 5 &gt;&gt; is no greater than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;. Protrusions  2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  6  are positioned on the base  1  in accordance with the coordinate grid  7  (see  FIGS. 5 and 7 ) of mutually perpendicular lines parallel to base  1  edges. The distance &lt;&lt;B 6 &gt;&gt; between neighboring lines of the coordinate grid  7  is equal to &lt;&lt;2a&gt;&gt;, wherein the distance &lt;&lt;B 7 &gt;&gt; between the base  1  edges and neighboring lines on the coordinate grid  7  is equal to &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;. In the first group according to the first embodiment protrusions  2  are positioned at points where the coordinate grid  7  lines intersect. In the second group according to the first embodiment protrusions  3  are positioned at points where the diagonals  8  (see  FIG. 5 ) of the cells of the coordinate grid  7  intersect. Protrusions  4  of the third group according to the first embodiment are positioned in the middle between the neighboring protrusions  2  of the first group that are positioned flush with the ends of the base  1 . In the fourth group according to the first embodiment protrusions  6  are positioned in the corners of the base  1 . 
     Here we describe a construction element, according to the second embodiment.  FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 7, 8  show protrusions creating interlocking joint and a construction element, according to the second embodiment, containing the abovementioned interlocking joint. 
     Construction element, according to the second embodiment, contains a base  1 , made flat and having a rectangular form, with at least one side equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;, the other a multiple of &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;, and an interlocking joint, created by positioning protrusions on the base  1 , which form three groups of protrusions. The first group of protrusions  2  according to the second embodiment are similar to of protrusions  2  according to the first embodiment. They are positioned at least on one side of the base  1 . The height &lt;&lt;H 1 &gt;&gt; of the protrusions  2  is greater than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt; but no greater than &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. The protrusions  2  are made with cross-shaped cross-sections with a distance &lt;&lt;B 1 &gt;&gt; between opposite cross ends equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt;. In the second group according to the second embodiment, protrusions  4  are similar to protrusions  4  of the third group according to the first embodiment and made in the form of rectangular plates, positioned with its long midline on the ends of the base  1 , and having ledges  5  along short sides, flush with these ends. Ledges  5  with a width length “B 3 ” equal to &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt; (see  FIG. 8 ) are protruding from the base ends by a length “B 4 ” (see  FIG. 3 ), which is not more than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;. Ledges  5  angled towards each other with a gap &lt;&lt;Δ&gt;&gt; formed between their end parts no greater than &lt;&lt;a&gt;&gt; (see  FIG. 3 ). Protrusions  6  in the third group according to the second embodiment are similar to protrusions  6  of the third group according to the first embodiment. They are made in the form of corners, having shelves positioned perpendicular to the base  1  planes on its adjacent ends and flush with these ends, with a length &lt;&lt;L&gt;&gt; equal to a and width &lt;&lt;B 5 &gt;&gt; no greater than &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;. Protrusions  2 ,  4  and  6  are positioned on the base  1  according to the coordinate grid  7  of mutually perpendicular lines parallel to base  1  edges, wherein the distance &lt;&lt;B 6 &gt;&gt; between neighboring lines of the coordinate grid  7  is equal to &lt;&lt;2a&gt;&gt;, wherein the distance &lt;&lt;B 7 &gt;&gt; between the base  1  edges and neighboring lines on the coordinate grid  7  is &lt;&lt;0.5a&gt;&gt;. Protrusions  2  of the first group according to the second embodiment are positioned at points where the coordinate grid  7  lines intersect. Protrusions  4  of the second group according to the second embodiment are positioned in the middle between the neighboring protrusions  2  of the first group that are positioned flush with the ends of the base  1 . Protrusions  6  of the third group according to the second embodiment are positioned in the corners of the base  1 . 
     Protrusions of interlocking joints, for a more precise positioning of construction elements during connection with each other, can be implemented with bevels, rounded off, sloped, and so forth. The base  1  can also be made with various openings to conserve materials. For instance, the openings may be made inside the protrusions  3  of the second group according to the first embodiment (see  FIG. 9 ). 
     Positioning of interlocking joints on base  1  is presented in  FIGS. 5 and 7 , in particular. When connecting construction elements to one another, the protrusions of different elements interlock with each. Interlocking is based on the force of friction, occurring between protrusions during close contact and/or when they are placed between other protrusions. 
     When connecting elements to one another, the protrusions of different groups simultaneously engage in interlocking from any side, which provides opportunity to make complicated volumetric (3-dimensional) models (see  FIGS. 19-23 ).