Abstract:
A quadrature voltage controlled oscillator includes oscillation circuits for generating in-phase and quadrature-phase oscillation signals that are used to generate in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals. A compensation circuit adjusts biasing in the oscillation circuits depending on a phase relationship between the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals to automatically control the phase relationship between the oscillation signals.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     This application claims priority under 35 USC § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 2004-44515, filed on Jun. 16, 2004, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.  
         [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention relates generally to wireless receivers, and in particular to a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator used within a wireless receiver for generating oscillation signals with automated phase control.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]      FIG. 1  shows a conventional wireless receiver as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,462,626 entitled “Quadrature Output Oscillator Device”. Referring to  FIG. 1 , the conventional receiver includes an antenna  12  for receiving an RF (radio frequency) signal. The RF signal is filtered by a filter  14  and amplified by an amplifier  16 .  
         [0006]     The filtered and amplified RF signal is then applied to a first mixer  18  and a second mixer  20  of a first mixing stage  21 . The first mixer  18  uses an in-phase oscillation signal Ia generated by a first quadrature voltage controlled oscillator  22 . The second mixer  20  uses a quadrature-phase oscillation signal Qa generated by the first quadrature voltage controlled oscillator  22 .  
         [0007]     An output of the first mixer  18  is provided to a third mixer  24  and a fourth mixer  26  of a second mixing stage  27 . The third mixer  24  uses an in-phase oscillation signal Ib generated by a second quadrature voltage controlled oscillator  29 , and the fourth mixer  26  uses a quadrature-phase oscillation signal Qb generated by the second quadrature voltage controlled oscillator  29 .  
         [0008]     The second mixer  20  generates an output provided to a fifth mixer  28  and a sixth mixer  30 . The fifth mixer  28  uses the in-phase oscillation signal Ib, and the sixth mixer  30  uses the quadrature-phase oscillation signal Qb. Outputs of the third and sixth mixers  24  and  30  are provided to a selector  32  that generates an in-phase representation IFI of the RF signal. Outputs of the fourth and fifth mixers  26  and  28  are provided to a selector  34  that generates a quadrature-phase representation IFQ of the RF signal. Depending on the phases of the oscillation signals applied to the various mixers, a desired down-converted signal is obtained with the selector  32  acting as an adder and the selector  34  acting as a subtractor, or vice versa, with the selector  32  acting as a subtractor and the selector  34  acting as an adder.  
         [0009]     The second quadrature voltage controlled oscillator  29  generates oscillation signals at a much lower frequency, compared to the first quadrature voltage controlled oscillator  22 . For example, the frequency of the RF signal received at the antenna  12  is around 1.9 GHz. The frequency of the oscillation signals generated by the first quadrature voltage controlled oscillator  22  is in a range from about 1.5 to about 1.7 GHz. The second quadrature voltage controlled oscillator  29  generates oscillation signals with a difference frequency between the frequency of the RF signal received at the antenna  12  and the frequency of oscillation signals generated by the first quadrature voltage controlled oscillator  22 . For example, the difference frequency is in a range from about 200 MHz to about 400 MHz.  
         [0010]     The mixers within the receiver of  FIG. 1  are used to down-convert the frequency of the RF signal received at the antenna  12  to an intermediate frequency. An image signal has a frequency lower than the oscillation frequency. The image signal is down-converted to the same intermediate frequency as the received radio signal. The down-converted image signal may interfere with the desired down-converted radio signal and degrade the receiver&#39;s performance.  
         [0011]     To reject the image signal, extra image-rejection filters may be used before the mixers. However, integration of such extra filters on to the same circuit as the receiver in  FIG. 1  is difficult. Therefore, the mixers within the receiver are used here to eliminate the down-converted image signal. The quality of the mixers is determined by a quadrature phase relationship between oscillation signals generated by the first quadrature voltage controlled oscillator  22 . For example, the down-converted image signal may not be completely eliminated without a precise quadrature relationship between the in-phase component I and the quadrature phase component Q generated by the first quadrature voltage controlled oscillator  22 .  
         [0012]      FIG. 2  shows a block diagram of a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,456,167 entitled “Quadrature Oscillator”. Referring to  FIG. 2 , the conventional quadrature voltage controlled oscillator includes a first oscillation circuit  100 , a second oscillation circuit  200 , and current sources I 1  and I 2 . In-phase components IP and IN output from the first oscillation circuit  100  are applied to input terminals of the second oscillation circuit  200 . Quadrature components QP and QN output from the second oscillation circuit  200  are applied to input terminals of the first oscillation circuit  100 , respectively. The in-phase components IP and IN and quadrature components QP and QN are applied to mixers  18  and  20  in the receiver of  FIG. 1  for example.  
         [0013]     However, the in-phase components of the voltage controlled oscillator may not have an ideal quadrature relationship with the quadrature-phase components. That is, a phase difference between the in-phase components and the quadrature-phase components may be 90°+ERR, with ERR being an error component. Such an error in the phase difference is mainly due to device mismatch in the voltage controlled oscillator. With such an error, a passive filter may be used to reject the resulting image signal from the received radio frequency in a receiver. However, such a passive filter within the receiver complicates the design and increases the chip size of the receiver.  
         [0014]     Therefore, the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator needs to be precisely controlled so that the in-phase signal and the quadrature-phase signal have the proper quadrature relationship for desired receiver performance. U.S. Pat. No. 6,462,626 discloses a quadrature oscillator device that controls a gain of an amplifier.  
         [0015]     In U.S. Pat. No. 6,462,626, an amplifying ratio of the amplifier in the quadrature oscillator device is controlled for a precise quadrature relationship between an in-phase signal component I and a quadrature phase signal component Q. However, such a gain adjustment may be manual after measurement of the in-phase and quadrature signal components I and Q. Such manual adjustment may be time-consuming and prone to error. Thus, an efficient and accurate mechanism for automatically controlling the quadrature relationship between the in-phase and quadrature signal components I and Q is desired.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0016]     Accordingly, the present invention automatically controls the quadrature phase relationship between oscillation signals generated by a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator within a receiver.  
         [0017]     In an aspect of the present invention, a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator includes oscillation circuits for generating at least one in-phase oscillation signal and at least one quadrature-phase oscillation signal that are used to generate an in-phase output signal and a quadrature-phase output signal. In addition, a compensation circuit adjusts biasing in the oscillation circuits depending on a phase relationship between the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals.  
         [0018]     The quadrature voltage controlled oscillator may be used to particular advantage within a wireless receiver that mixes the in-phase and quadrature-phase oscillation signals with an RF (radio frequency) signal to generate the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals.  
         [0019]     In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the biasing in the oscillation circuits is adjusted by the compensation circuit to set a phase difference between the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals to be substantially 90°.  
         [0020]     In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the oscillation circuits include a first oscillation circuit for generating differential in-phase oscillation signals and a second oscillation circuit for generating differential quadrature-phase oscillation signals.  
         [0021]     In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator further includes a first current source that generates a first bias current for the first oscillation circuit and a second current source that generates a second bias current for the second oscillation circuit. In that case, the compensation circuit adjusts the first and second bias currents. For example, the first and second bias currents are adjusted complimentarily.  
         [0022]     In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the compensation circuit includes a phase mismatch detector that determines a phase difference between the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals. The first and second bias currents are adjusted complimentarily until the phase difference between the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals is substantially 90°.  
         [0023]     In this manner, the phase relationship between the oscillation signals generated by the oscillation circuits is automatically controlled by monitoring the phase relationship between the resulting in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0024]     The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent when described in detailed exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which:  
         [0025]      FIG. 1  shows a wireless receiver of the prior art;  
         [0026]      FIG. 2  shows a block diagram of a conventional quadrature voltage controlled oscillator of the prior art;  
         [0027]      FIG. 3  shows a block diagram of a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0028]      FIG. 4  shows a circuit diagram of the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0029]      FIG. 5  shows a block diagram of a wireless receiver having the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator of  FIG. 3  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0030]      FIG. 6  shows a graph of a simulation result for phase variation of a quadrature-phase oscillation signal of the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator of  FIG. 4 ; and  
         [0031]      FIG. 7  shows a graph of simulation results for in-phase and quadrature-phase oscillation signals of the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator of  FIG. 4 . 
     
    
       [0032]     The figures referred to herein are drawn for clarity of illustration and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Elements having the same reference number in  FIGS. 1, 2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5 ,  6 , and  7  refer to elements having similar structure and/or function.  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0033]      FIG. 3  shows a block diagram of a quadrature voltage controlled oscillator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIG. 3 , the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator includes a phase compensation circuit  300 , a first oscillation circuit  100 , a first current source  410 , a second oscillation circuit  200 , and a second current source  420 .  
         [0034]     The phase compensation circuit  300  receives an in-phase output signal IFI and a quadrature-phase output signal IFQ to detect a level of deviation from a desired phase difference (such as 90° for example) between the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals IFI and IFQ. Additionally, the phase compensation circuit  300  generates first and second compensation signals −IC and +IC based on the phase deviation for complementarily controlling first and second bias currents  11  and  12 .  
         [0035]     The first oscillation circuit  100  receives quadrature-phase oscillation signals QP and QN from the second oscillation circuit  200  to generate in-phase oscillation signals IP and IN. The first current source  410  provides the first bias current  11  to the first oscillation circuit  100  in response to the first compensation signal −IC. The second oscillation circuit receives the in-phase oscillation signals IP and IN from the first oscillation circuit  100  to generate the quadrature-phase oscillation signals QP and QN. The second current source  420  provides the second bias current  12  to the second oscillation circuit  200  in response to the second compensation signal +IC.  
         [0036]     The in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals IFI and IFQ are generated by mixing the in-phase and quadrature phase oscillation signals IP, IN, QP, and QN with an RF (radio frequency) signal such as within a wireless RF receiver for example. The in-phase oscillation signals IP and IN are generated as differential signals in the first oscillation circuit  100 , and the quadrature-phase oscillation signals QP and QN are generated as differential signals in the second oscillation circuit  200 .  
         [0037]      FIG. 4  shows a circuit diagram of the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator of  FIG. 3  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIG. 4 , the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator includes a local oscillator  530  and a phase compensation circuit  300 . The local oscillator  530  includes the first oscillation circuit  100 , the second oscillation circuit  200 , a current source IS, a first NMOSFET (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) MN 9 , a second NMOSFET MN 10 , and a third NMOSFET MN 11 .  
         [0038]     The second NMOSFET MN 10  forms the first current source providing the first bias current  11  for biasing the first oscillation circuit  100 . Similarly, the third NMOSFET MN 11  forms the second current source providing the second bias current  12  for biasing the second oscillation circuit  200 .  
         [0039]     The first oscillation circuit  100  includes PMOSFETs (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors) MP 1  and MP 2 , an inductor L 1 , a capacitor C 1 , and NMOSFETs MN 1 , MN 2 , MN 3  and MN 4 . The in-phase oscillation signals IP and IN are generated as differential signals at first and second in-phase output lines LI 01  and LI 02 , respectively.  
         [0040]     The PMOSFET MP 1  has a source coupled to a high supply voltage VDD, a drain coupled to the first in-phase output line LI 01 , and a gate coupled to the second in-phase output line LI 02 . The PMOSFET MP 2  has a source coupled to the high supply voltage VDD, a drain coupled to the second in-phase output line LI 02 , and a gate coupled to the first in-phase output line LI 01 . The inductor L 1  and the capacitor C 1  are coupled in parallel between the first and second in-phase output lines LI 01  and LI 02 .  
         [0041]     The NMOSFET MN 1  has a drain coupled to the first in-phase output line LI 01 , a source coupled to a first node N 1 , and a gate coupled to the second in-phase output line LI 02 . The NMOSFET MN 2  has a drain coupled to the second in-phase output line LI 02 , a source coupled to the first node N 1 , and a gate coupled to the first in-phase output line LI 01 . The NMOSFET MN 3  has a drain coupled to the first in-phase output line LI 01 , a source coupled to the first node N 1 , and a gate receiving a quadrature-phase oscillation signal QP. The NMOSFET MN 4  has a drain coupled to the second in-phase output line LI 02 , a source coupled to the first node N 1 , and a gate receiving a quadrature-phase oscillation signal QN.  
         [0042]     The second oscillation circuit  200  includes PMOSFETs MP 3  and MP 4 , an inductor L 2 , a capacitor C 2 , and NMOSFETs MN 5 , MN 6 , MN 7  and MN 8 . The quadrature-phase oscillation signals QN and QP are generated as differential signals at first and second quadrature-phase output lines LQ 00  and LQ 02 , respectively.  
         [0043]     The PMOSFET MP 3  has a source coupled to the high supply voltage VDD, a drain coupled to the first quadrature-phase output line LQ 01 , and a gate coupled to the second quadrature-phase output line LQ 02 . The PMOSFET MP 4  has a source coupled to the high supply voltage VDD, a drain coupled to the second quadrature-phase output line LQ 02 , and a gate coupled to the first quadrature-phase output line LQ 01 . The inductor L 2  and the capacitor C 2  are coupled in parallel between the first and second quadrature-phase output lines LQ 01  and LQ 02 .  
         [0044]     The NMOSFET MN 5  has a drain coupled to the first quadrature-phase output line LQ 01 , a source coupled to a second node N 2 , and a gate coupled to the second quadrature-phase output line LQ 02 . The NMOSFET MN 6  has a drain coupled to the second quadrature-phase output line LQ 02 , a source coupled to the second node N 2 , and a gate coupled to the first quadrature-phase output line LQ 01 . The NMOSFET MN 7  has a drain coupled to the first quadrature-phase output line LQ 01 , a source coupled to the second node N 2 , and a gate receiving an in-phase signal IP. The NMOSFET MN 8  has a drain coupled to the second quadrature-phase output line LQ 02 , a source coupled to the second node N 2 , and a gate receiving an in-phase signal IN.  
         [0045]     The second NMOSFET MN 10  has a drain coupled to the first node N 1  and a source coupled to a low supply voltage VSS. The supply voltage VSS may be a negative voltage or a ground voltage. The third NMOSFET MN 11  has a drain coupled to the second node N 2  and a source coupled to the low supply voltage VSS. A first resistor R 1  is connected between a gate of the second NMOSFET MN 10  and a third node N 3 , and a second resistor R 2  is connected between a gate of the third NMOSFET MN 11  and the third node N 3 .  
         [0046]     The current source IS and the first NMOSFET MN 9  that is diode-connected partially bias the second and third NMOSFETs MN 10  and MN 11 . The third node N 3  is coupled to the diode connection of the first NMOSFET MN 9 . The current source IS is connected between the high supply voltage VDD and the third node N 3 . The diode-connected first NMOSFET MN 9  is connected between the third node N 3  and the low supply voltage VSS.  
         [0047]     The phase compensation circuit  300  receives the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals IFI and IFQ to detect a level of deviation from a desired phase difference (such as 90° for example) between the phases of the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals IFI and IFQ. In addition, the phase compensation circuit  300  produces first and second compensation signals −IC and +IC in response to the phase deviation. The first and second compensation signals −IC and +IC are differential signals for complementarily adjusting the first and second bias currents I 1  and I 2 . A first control current +IC is applied to a gate of the third NMOSFET MN 11  and a second control current −IC is applied to a gate of the second NMOSFET MN 10 .  
         [0048]     The operation of the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator of  FIGS. 3 and 4  is now described. The first oscillation circuit  100  receives quadrature-phase oscillation signals QP and QN through the gates of the NMOSFETs MN 3  and MN 4 . The inductor L 1  and the capacitor C 1  form a resonant tank causing the first oscillation circuit  100  to resonate. As a result, the first in-phase oscillation signal IP is outputted from the first in-phase output line LI 01 , and the second in-phase oscillation signal IN is outputted from the second in-phase output line LI 02 .  
         [0049]     The second oscillation circuit  200  receives the in-phase oscillation signals IP and IN through the gates of the NMOSFETs MN 7  and MN 8 . The inductor L 2  and the capacitor C 2  form a resonant tank causing the second oscillation circuit  200  to resonate. As a result, a first quadrature-phase oscillation signal QN is outputted from the first quadrature-phase output line LQ 01 , and a second quadrature-phase oscillation signal QP is outputted from the second quadrature-phase output line LQ 02 .  
         [0050]      FIG. 5  shows a block diagram of a wireless receiver having the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator of  FIGS. 3 and 4  according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIG. 5 , the wireless receiver includes a down converter  510 , a phase compensation circuit  300 , and a local oscillator  530 . The down converter  510  receives an RF (radio frequency) signal and generates an intermediate in-phase output signal IFI and an intermediate quadrature-phase output signal IFQ by mixing the received RF signal and oscillation frequencies LOI and LOQ from the local oscillator  530 . The oscillation frequency LOI includes the first and second in-phase oscillation signals IP and IN, and the oscillation frequency LOQ includes the first and second quadrature-phase oscillation signals QN and QP.  
         [0051]     The phase compensation circuit  300  detects a level of deviation from a desired phase difference (such as 90° for example) between the phases of the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals IFI and IFQ to generate the complementary compensation signals +IC and −IC. The local oscillator  530  generates the in-phase and quadrature-phase frequencies in response to the complementary compensation signals +IC and −IC. The phase compensation circuit  300  includes a phase mismatch detector  321 , an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter  323 , and a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter  325 .  
         [0052]     The operation of the wireless receiver of  FIG. 5  is now described. The down converter  510  receives the RF signal and generates the intermediate in-phase output signal IFI and the intermediate quadrature-phase output signal IFQ by mixing the received RF signal and the oscillation frequencies LOI and LOQ from the local oscillator  530 . The phase mismatch detector  321  compares a phase of the intermediate in-phase output signal IFI with a phase of the intermediate quadrature-phase output signal IFQ. The phase mismatch detector  321  generates a detection signal DETO that indicates the level of deviation from a desired phase difference (such as 90° for example) between the phases of the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals IFI and IFQ.  
         [0053]     The analog-to-digital converter  323  converts the detection signal DETO to a digital control signal CNT having a digital value. The digital-to-analog converter  325  generates a first current −IC and a second current +IC based on the digital control signal CNT and transmits the first and second currents −IC and +IC to the local oscillator  530 . In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second currents −IC and +IC are differential currents such that the current +IC is sourced to the local oscillator  530  via a first terminal and the current −IC is sunk from the local oscillator  530  via a second terminal.  
         [0054]      FIG. 6  shows a simulated graph of a phase variation of a quadrature-phase output signal of the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator of  FIG. 4  versus the magnitude of the compensation current IC. Referring to  FIG. 6 , the phase of the quadrature-phase output signal QP (or QN) varies substantially linearly with the compensation current IC. Thus, the compensation current IC from the D/A converter  325  in the phase compensation circuit  300  of  FIG. 5  is adjusted to vary the phase difference between the quadrature-phase oscillation signals QP and QN of the voltage controlled oscillator.  
         [0055]      FIG. 7  shows a simulated graph of the in-phase and quadrature-phase oscillation signals of the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator of  FIG. 4 . Referring to  FIG. 7 , the phases of the quadrature-phase oscillation signals QP-QN are precisely adjusted while the amplitude is maintained to be constant.  
         [0056]     In this manner, the phase relationship of the oscillation signals generated by the quadrature voltage controlled oscillator of  FIG. 4  is automatically adjusted precisely by monitoring the phase relationship between the resulting in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals IFI and IFQ. With such precise adjustment, the phase relationship between the in-phase and quadrature-phase oscillation signals and in turn between the in-phase and quadrature-phase output signals is maintained to be substantially 90°. With such a quadrature phase relationship, the receiver using such oscillation signals has the image signals effectively eliminated.  
         [0057]     While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.