Abstract:
A method for billing a customer for waste collection. The method includes the step of identifying an amount of recyclable waste. The method also includes the step of determining a credit amount based on the amount of recyclable waste. The method further includes the step of reporting the credit amount to the customer. A container for use in a recycling system is also described. The container includes a structure for containing recyclable waste; and an indicia disposed on the structure. The indicia identifies the value of the recyclable waste contained by the structure.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD  
         [0001]    The described system and method are generally related to separating solid materials and assorting or segregating them in grades or classes according to physical characteristics. More specifically, the described method and system relate to segregating recyclable materials into readily identifiable units.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Recycling household and commercial waste has a number of benefits. Recycling conserves natural resources by substituting “secondary resources”, including paper, glass and metal for original natural resources. It also extends the useful life of landfills which would otherwise contain materials that could be productively reused.  
           [0003]    According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), in the early 1980&#39;s only one curbside recycling program was operating in the United States. By 1997, more than 9,000 curbside programs were operating, and there were more than 12,000 recyclable drop-off centers nationwide. Further, 380 materials recovery facilities were in operation by 1997 to process the collected materials.  
           [0004]    Despite voluntary, community-based recycling programs, and despite the nation&#39;s general awareness of recycling and its benefits, many households and businesses fail to recycle, or recycle only a fraction of their potentially recyclable waste. This failure to adequately recycle is an increasing problem because the United States produces vast amounts of trash. According to the EPA, in 1997 the U.S. generated 217 million tons of municipal solid waste (“MSW”). In human terms, the average person generated 4.3 pounds of trash per day. That represents a 138% increase from 1960 at which time each person generated an average of 2.7 pounds, an increase of 5.11% per year.  
           [0005]    Approximately 55% of all MSW is land-filled, with 2,514 landfills operating across the country on a daily basis. 17% of all MSW is incinerated. The remaining 27% is recycled. Between 1990 and 1995, recycling increased a total of 20% or 3.33% per year, mostly due to the increased number of community curbside recycling programs.  
           [0006]    Such increases, however, have been outstripped by the shear increase in MSW. The ever-expanding economy continues to drive the purchase of more and more packaged goods and services. Thus, for 1997 there continued to be a net loss to disposal versus recycling of 1.78%. In other words, it is expected that regardless of all of the community-based efforts, the U.S. national MSW output will continue to increase approximately 1.78% per year. While recycling efforts to date have slowed the expansion of MSW, the trash problem continues to grow.  
           [0007]    Consequently, a need exists for an improved method and system for recycling waste that encourages increased household and business participation in a recycling program. A need further exists for an improved method and system for recycling waste that financially rewards recycling participation. Yet another need exists for an improved method and system that enables identification, trading and selling of collected bundles of recyclable waste.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for billing a customer for trash collection is described. The method includes the step of identifying an amount of recyclable. The method also includes the step of determining a credit amount based on the amount of recyclable waste. The method further includes the step of reporting the credit amount to the customer.  
           [0009]    According to a second aspect of the present invention, a container is described for use in a recycling system. The container comprises a structure for containing recyclable waste. The container further comprises an indicia disposed on the structure. The indicia identifies the value of recyclable waste which may be contained within the structure.  
           [0010]    According to a third aspect of the present invention, an apparatus is disclosed for billing a consumer for trash collection. The apparatus comprises a processor and a memory. The processor and memory are connected, and the memory stores a program to control the operation of the processor. The processor is operative with the program in the memory to receive a first amount representing an amount of trash identified as non-recyclable. The processor is further operative with the program in the memory to receive a second amount representing an amount of trash identified as recyclable. The processor is still further operative with the program in the memory to apply a charge based on the first amount and apply a credit based on the second amount. The processor then reports the charge and credit to the customer for payment or credit according to the program in the memory.  
           [0011]    According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The medium is encoded with processing instructions for implementing method for billing a consumer for trash collection. The processing instructions direct a computer to determine a first amount representing an amount of trash identified as non-recyclable. The processing instructions also direct a computer to determine a second amount representing an amount of trash identified as recyclable. The program instructions further direct a computer to apply a charge based on the first amount and apply a credit based on the second amount. The program instructions finally direct a computer to report the charge and credit to the customer for payment or credit.  
           [0012]    The objects, features and advantages of the disclosed method and system are readily apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0013]    For a more complete understanding of the disclosed method and system and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numbers indicate like features and wherein:  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the environment of an embodiment of the described method and system;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 2 is a pictorial view of the point of collection in one embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 3 is a functional flow diagram illustrating the primary steps employed according to the method of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0017]    Recycling Environment  
         [0018]    Referring to FIG. 1, there is block diagram illustrating the environment of a preferred embodiment of the described method and system. In the example shown in FIG. 1, a household  110  is depicted as a waste generating entity. Of course, household  110  is merely one example of an entity that generates waste which may be disposed of using the method and system of the present invention. Other waste generating entities that could benefit from the present invention include, for example, business offices, manufacturers, retailers and restaurants.  
         [0019]    Household  110  includes a number of points of disposal. A point of disposal is a location at which waste is generated, particularly recyclable waste. A point of disposal is the first point at which waste is handled in accordance with the present invention. Points of disposal within household  110  include the kitchen  112 , the bathroom  114 , the office  116  and outdoor areas  118  such as the garage and the yard. Of course, these points of disposal are merely illustrative.  
         [0020]    According to the preferred embodiment, waste is sorted and packaged at each point of disposal and transported to a point of collection  119 . Although in the preferred embodiment waste is transported directly between the points of disposal  112 ,  114 ,  116  and  118  and the point of collection  119 , in an alternate embodiment there may be one or more intermediate points of storage (not illustrated) at which waste is stored prior to collection. Non-recyclable waste may be packaged in a conventional manner. Recyclable waste, such as paper, metal, glass, plastic and toxic materials, for example, are packaged into readily identifiable units. For purposes of this description, recyclable waste may be grouped into units known as “Complete Unit of Recyclable” (hereafter referred to as a “CUR”, pronounced “CURE”).  
         [0021]    A CUR is a unit of measuring the value of a particular recyclable. By bundling recyclable waste into readily identifiable, sorted, measured groups, each bundle of recyclable waste may move efficiently and productively through a stream of recycling. The stream of recycling includes a series of sequential points through which all recycled goods must travel in order to be recycled. The first point in the stream is the point of disposal  112 ,  114 ,  116  and  118 . The second is the point of collection  119 . The third is the point of exchange, and the fourth is the point of reuse.  
         [0022]    The point of collection  119  for household  110  is generally a “curb-side” pickup point. Of course, any location accessible to the collection agency  120  will suffice, including, for example, a garage, a shed, an alley or a dumpster. In the preferred embodiment, representatives of collection agency  120  travel to the point of collection  122 , typically in a truck, and remove the disposed waste to be recycled or permanently disposed.  
         [0023]    Collection agency  120  transports items that have not been identified as recyclable to a point of permanent non-recycling disposal  130 . Typically, the point of permanent disposal is a land fill or incinerator.  
         [0024]    Collection agency  120  transports the packaged recyclables to a point of exchange  122 . At the point of exchange, the packaged recyclables are traded for payment instead of being land-filled or burned. At this point, a buyer and a seller meet to trade in CURs. For example, collection agency may have gathered several yellow 1-CUR bags of plastic at their originating points of collection  119 . Collection agency  120  may market them to a recycler or recycling broker  140 .  
         [0025]    In turn, recycling broker  140  markets the packaged recyclables to a manufacturer  150  to be converted for use into new products. At this point or reuse, units of CURs are recycled into other products that are then sold in other markets.  
         [0026]    CUR Containers  
         [0027]    Referring now to FIG. 2, there is illustrated a pictorial view of the preferred point of collection  119 . As shown, preferred point of collection  119  is a curb-side location. The preferred containers of the present invention are also illustrated. The illustrated point of collection  119  includes a bag of recyclable plastic  210 , a bag of recyclable metal  212 , a bag of recyclable glass  214 , a bag of recyclable paper  216  and two bags of unidentified waste  220 .  
         [0028]    In accordance with the present invention, each container of recyclable waste includes certain characteristics. Namely, each container of recyclable waste includes indicia that enables one to readily identify the contents and the value of the container relative to other recyclable products. As previously described, the preferred means for identifying the relative value of recyclables is using CUR&#39;s, a specialized unit of measurement that is effectively a currency that allows for trading of recyclables.  
         [0029]    Although the preferred content and value identification means is a written indicia of the material type and number of CUR&#39;s contained within a container, there are numerous other means for accomplishing this. For example, every type recyclable material and value could be represented by a different color, as illustrated in Tables A and B, below.  
                             TABLE A                           Recyclable Materials Table                RECYCLABLE MATERIAL   COLOR INDICATOR                       Plastic   Red           Metal   Green           Glass   Blue           Paper   Yellow           Toxic Materials   Black           Yard Waste   Brown                      
 
         [0030]    [0030]                             TABLE B                           CUR Value Table                CUR VALUE   COLOR INDICATOR                       0.10 CUR   White           0.25 CUR   Pink           0.50 CUR   Purple           0.75 CUR   Orange           1.00 CUR   Light Blue                        
         [0031]    Using the examples set forth in Tables A and B, an identification system could be fashioned using the color of bags to denote the contents and the color of a stripe on a bag to denote a CUR value. For example, a red bag with a white stripe would contain 0.10 CUR worth of recyclable plastic. Following the same example, a blue bag with a light blue stripe would contain 1 CUR of recyclable glass.  
         [0032]    Other examples of means for indicating the contents and relative value of a bag of recyclables include, for example, barcoded material and value information, informational stickers applied to a container, symbols representing recyclable materials and/or values. Of course, the present invention includes any convention identification means.  
         [0033]    The use of barcoded or other electronically readable indicia enables a collection agent to automatically bill a consumer for trash collection using a computerized apparatus. Such an apparatus enables a collection agent to identify or electronically read an amount of non-recyclable trash and an amount of recyclable trash. A processor within the apparatus then applies charges and credits according to the amounts entered or electronically read. The apparatus could then report the change and credit to the consumer for payment or credit.  
         [0034]    Preferably, users collect recyclable material at various points of disposal within a household or business. Users place appropriate containers, identifying the material and the value of a full container at each point of disposal. In addition to readily identifying the contents and value, the containers of the present invention are preferably made from the recyclable material that they contain, to the extent commercially reasonable. This allow primary and secondary markets to value them by their approximate weight, an approximation of which is readily available by their individual appearance.  
         [0035]    Consequently, the containers of the present invention have some characteristic that promotes future redeemability. Each container:  
         [0036]    Enables identification of the contents;  
         [0037]    Enables identification of a relative value;  
         [0038]    Promotes a market valuation;  
         [0039]    Enables identification of an approximate weight (either explicitly or based on value);  
         [0040]    Is itself recyclable, where commercially practicable; and  
         [0041]    Promotes efficient future redemption.  
         [0042]    CUR Collection Method  
         [0043]    Referring now to FIG. 3, there is illustrated a functional flow diagram illustrating the primary steps employed according to preferred method of the present invention. The steps of the method are typically performed by a representative of collection agency  120  at the point of collection  119 .  
         [0044]    According to step  310 , an amount of recyclable waste is identified. Preferably, the amount of recyclable waste is identified according to the indicia on each container of recyclable waste. Of course, other forms of identification are possible, such as weighing the amount of each type of recyclable waste, including for example, glass, plastic, metal and paper.  
         [0045]    At step  312 , a credit amount is determined based on the amount identified at step  310 . Preferably, the credit amount is determined based on a number of CURs of recyclable waste, regardless of the type of material. Of course, the credit amount could be determined in a number of ways, such as, for example, by applying a different value to each type of recyclable material, and applying each different value to specific weights identified at step  310 .  
         [0046]    At step  314 , the credit amount determined at step  312  is reported to the customer. Preferably, the credit amount is reported to the customer in connection with applying the credit to a financial account on the customer&#39;s behalf. In one embodiment, the credit is reported as an offset to a collection charge for the services of collection agency  120 .  
         [0047]    Practical Advantages of the Invention  
         [0048]    An advantage of the present invention is that it addresses a previously unrecognized reason that trash production continues to grow faster than present recycling efforts. Namely, trash production is perceived to be free and recycling is considered to be an expense. Producing and disposing of a product or packaging is not considered a cost to the purchaser. The cost is neither implicitly imposed, such as through higher product costs. Nor is the cost explicitly imposed, such as through disposal fees.  
         [0049]    Although a portion of municipal taxes are used for local trash services and businesses are charged for their production, the typical consumer perceives no direct correlation between the disposal of a package and the cost of such disposal. Consequently, there is no incentive for a consumer to recycle, and there is no disincentive for a consumer to permanently dispose of waste. The absence of market forces from the disposal decision causes increased MSW compared with recycling efforts.  
         [0050]    The method and system of the present invention reduces MSW production and increases recycling by financially encouraging consumers to recycle and preferably financially discouraging consumers to permanently dispose of waste. Consequently, use of the present invention results in decreased permanent disposal and increased recycling.  
         [0051]    Another advantage of the present invention is that it encourages the reduction of the cost of waste removal. Yet another advantage of the present invention is that it encourages more complete recycling than prior art recycling methods and systems.  
         [0052]    From the above description, those skilled in the art will perceive improvements, changes and modifications in the disclosed method and system. Such improvements, changes and modifications within the skill of the art are intended to be covered by the appended claims.  
         [0053]    Accordingly, it is to be understood that the drawings and description in this disclosure are at proffered to facilitate comprehension of the disclosed method and system, and should not be construed to limit the scope thereof. It should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed method and system as defined solely by the appended claims.