Abstract:
A flat panel display may be formed with transverse row and column electrodes. Contacts may be made through one electrode to another electrode by forming an offset in the first electrode to reach the second electrode. As a result, the fill factor of the resulting display may be improved.

Description:
BACKGROUND  
         [0001]    This invention relates generally to flat panel displays.  
           [0002]    An example of a flat panel display is an emissive display such as an organic light emitting device display. Other flat panel displays include liquid crystal displays, liquid crystal on silicon displays, plasma displays, and micromirror displays.  
           [0003]    Generally, some types of flat panel displays may include row electrodes and transversely arranged column electrodes. A light emitting material or light modulating material may be contained between the row and column electrodes. In one configuration, each pixel consists of tricolor sub-pixels such as red, green, and blue sub-pixels.  
           [0004]    Ideally, the pixels of the display should be packed as close together as possible to improve the fill factor of the display. Generally, the more closely packed are the individual sub-pixels and pixels, the higher the perceived brightness of the display.  
           [0005]    However, in order to interconnect the various driving components to the various sub-pixels, and to provide the needed potentials to the row and column electrodes, interconnections may be necessary. These interconnections may be arranged in a way which decreases the fill factor of the display. This may be because the display may need to be arranged in a way that the interconnections are arranged between pixels or sub-pixels. The room taken by these interconnections decreases the space available for digits producing pixels.  
           [0006]    Of course, the interconnections can also be made around the periphery of the overall display. However, this has many disadvantages, including the fact that the available edge space may be limited in some cases. In addition, the edge regions may be subject to disruption from impact or the use of sealing materials to interface the display with one or more additional displays or other elements. Making electrical connection to rows and columns at the periphery of the display is inefficient, as the electric current needed to activate the pixel must travel through a long, resistive path of electrodes before and after it passes through the (active) pixel.  
           [0007]    Thus, there is a need for ways to improve the fill factor of flat panel displays. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0008]    [0008]FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 2 is a greatly enlarged top plan view of one embodiment of the present invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0010]    In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, shown in FIG. 1, a flat panel display  10  may be formed as an organic light emitting diode (OLED), or polymer light emitting diode (PLED); however, the present invention is not limited to OLEDs or PLEDs. An organic light emitting display may include organic light emitting elements  22 . Each element  22  may emit a different color of light.  
         [0011]    Traditionally, displays include pixels that emit three different colors of light. In some cases, the sub-pixels made up of the different light colors may be spaced from one another. For example, the sub-pixels may produce red, green, and blue light, in one example.  
         [0012]    Thus, each of the light emitting elements  22  may be part of a light emitting pixel including sub-pixels that produce light of three different colors. In the simple example shown in FIG. 1, two pixels are illustrated, each pixel including three sub-pixels. Each light emitting element  22  is positioned over a anode or column electrode  14  in one embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0013]    The electrodes  14  may be transparent electrodes made of indium tin oxide (ITO), as one example. Light emitted by the elements  22  may shine through the electrodes  14  and through the relatively transparent substrate  12  to be visible by the user.  
         [0014]    Between the light emitting elements  22  may be a thin physical barrier of polyimide or similar material (not shown). Generally, the cathode or row electrodes  16  extend transversely to the anode or column electrodes  14 , in one embodiment of the present invention. As a result, an active sub-pixel is formed in the light emitting element  22  at the intersection of row  16  and column electrodes  14 . As a result of an imposition of a potential across the light emitting element  22 , the element  22  may be caused to emit light of a given color.  
         [0015]    A passivation material  18  may also overlay the cathode or row electrodes  16 .  
         [0016]    A contact  20  may be formed on the upper surface of a passivation  18 . The upper surface of a passivation  18  is invisible to the user. The contact pad  20  may extend through the passivation  18  to contact the cathode or row electrode  16  in this example. Thus, it may be appreciated that the electrical connection can be made to the row electrode  16  in a fashion which does not alter the density of the light emitting elements  22  or the fill factor of the resulting display  10 . In one embodiment, the contact pads  20  may have a circular configuration, however, other configurations may be used in some embodiments of the present invention.  
         [0017]    Referring to FIG. 2, the display  10  may include a plurality of row electrodes  16   a  through  161 . Extending generally transversely to the rows  16  are a plurality of column electrodes  14   a  through  141 . Each pixel may be formed of a set of three column electrodes, such as the column electrodes  14   a  through  14   c  and the column electrodes  14   d  through  14   f , and so on. Thus, a combination of three column electrodes  14  and one row electrode  16  forms a pixel having three sub-pixels. More particularly, each pixel is made up of three intermediate elements  22 , each overlying a row electrode  16  and three underlying three adjacent column electrodes  14 . It should be understood that each column electrode  14  is actually formed of a plurality of segments, as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Of course, other arrangements are also possible.  
         [0018]    As indicated at  20 , the contact pad  20  makes contact as indicated at  20   a  to the row electrode  16   a . This is a relatively simple connection because the row contact can be made from the top without in any way affecting the elements  22  or the column electrodes  14 .  
         [0019]    The contact pad  20   b  makes contact to the column electrode  14   c . It does so at the contact surface  20   c . Thus, the contact pad  20   b  extends downwardly through the passivation layer  18  and through an offset  24  formed in the row electrode  16   e . By displacing the sub-pixel to create the via, and because electrical contact may be made to only a few pixels per column (for example, one in  40  to one in  80 ), in some embodiments very little of available area is used for these contacts, resulting in little impact on the active area.  
         [0020]    Contacts may be made to other columns within a certain basic horizontal distance of the vertical contact column by similar means, creating a pattern of small displacements to the sub-pixel layout pattern. There are a variety of patterns that are viable, and all may result in a relative displacement between adjacent sub-pixels along the same row of ⅓ of a sub-pixel. This is within the bounds of being non-discernible to the display viewer.  
         [0021]    The contact  20   d  is an example of a column contact for the column  14   j , which is displaced from the contact pad column by a horizontal distance so that it does not fall directly beneath the circular contact pad  20   d  area. In this case, the contact pad  20   d  is constructed with a horizontal arm  26  that extends over the row  16   i . A via  20   e  is made through the passivation layer  18  and the cathode row  16   i  is displaced immediately around the via  20   e , as indicated at  28 . The displacement  28  allows a contact pad  20   d  to electrically connect to the column  14   j  at the contact  20   e.    
         [0022]    The distribution of contact pads  20  across the back of the display  10  is dependent on a variety of display parameters including size, resolution, and electrical properties, as well as the strip resistance of the row and column materials. As one example, for a display measuring 60 millimeters in height versus 80 millimeters in width with a pixel pitch of 0.25 millimeters, each column of contact pads may contain 60 pads which are for the columns and 16 pads that are for the rows. Using this distribution for each column, the entire display may have five contact points on each column and three contact points on each row. Other embodiments may redistribute the number of contacts made to each row or to each column as desired.  
         [0023]    Once the display panel design rules for fabrication are taken into account, a relatively high practical active area may be on the order of 70 percent in some embodiments. This value may be larger for displays with larger pixels and smaller for displays with smaller pixels. The effect on active area ratio by introducing these techniques of electrical connection is generally small and typically may be one percent or less, in some cases.  
         [0024]    While the present invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate numerous modifications and variations therefrom. It is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of this present invention.