Abstract:
A control device controlling a vehicle&#39;s automatic transmission. The automatic transmission engages first and second friction engagement elements by fluid pressure from a pump operating using motive power from the vehicle&#39;s motor when a shift position is at a reverse traveling position, places the first friction engagement element on standby at a predetermined pressure that is higher than a stroke starting pressure by which a piston stroke is started and lower than a complete engagement pressure or engages the first friction engagement at the complete engagement pressure when the shift position is at a non-traveling position, and engages a third friction engagement element as a starting shift speed when the shift position is at a forward traveling position. When the shift position is at the forward traveling position, the first friction engagement element is placed on standby at the predetermined pressure if a vehicle speed is lower than a predetermined vehicle speed, or releases the predetermined standby pressure if the vehicle speed is equal to or higher than the predetermined vehicle speed.

Description:
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 
     The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-079146 filed on Mar. 30, 2010 including the specification, drawings and abstract is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an automatic transmission control device controlling an automatic transmission mounted in a vehicle having a motor, wherein the automatic transmission engages a first friction engagement element and a second friction engagement element by a fluid pressure from a pump operating using motive power from the motor when a shift position is at a reverse traveling position, places the first friction engagement element on standby at a predetermined standby pressure that is higher than a stroke starting pressure by which a piston stroke is started and lower than a complete engagement pressure or engages the first friction engagement at the complete engagement pressure when the shift position is at a non-traveling position, and engages a third friction engagement element as a starting shift speed when the shift position is at a forward traveling position. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
     In the related art, as an automatic transmission control device of this type, there has been proposed an automatic transmission control device which selectively turns on or off three clutches C- 0  to C- 2  and five brakes B- 0  to B- 4  based on an operation of a select lever, so as to switch a parking (P) position, a reverse (R) position, a neutral (N) position, and a drive (D) position (see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. JP-A-H05-157164). In this control device, when the select lever is in the R position, three elements of the clutch C- 2 , the brake B- 0 , and the brake B- 4  need be engaged. Accordingly, when the select lever is in the N position as a non-traveling position, the brake B- 4  which does not contribute to motive power transmission is placed in an engagement state in advance, and thus a hydraulic pressure is newly applied only to the clutch C- 2  and the brake B- 0  when the select lever is switched to the R position. In this manner, it is possible to suppress delay in operation of clutches and brakes, that is, delay in response to a shift operation, without increasing the capacity of a hydraulic pressure generation source. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Considering switching from the D position to the R position via the N position, when there is a sufficient stop period at the N position, the brake B- 4  can be engaged during this period, and thus the remaining clutch and brake can be engaged relatively quickly when the shift position has reached the R position. However, when there is no sufficient stop period at the N position and a shift operation from the D position to the R position is performed quickly, engagement of the brake B- 4  is not completed on time, and all the necessary clutch and brakes including the brake B- 4  should be engaged when the shift position has reached the R position. Thus, formation of the R position is delayed. 
     It is a main object of an automatic transmission control device of the present invention to enable quick formation of a reverse traveling shift speed without increasing the capacity of a fluid pressure generating source even when a shift operation from a forward traveling position to a reverse traveling position is performed quickly. 
     In the automatic transmission control device of the present invention, the following means are employed to achieve the above-described main object. 
     An automatic transmission control device according to a first aspect of the present invention controls an automatic transmission mounted in a vehicle having a motor. The automatic transmission engages a first friction engagement element and a second friction engagement element by a fluid pressure from a pump operating using motive power from the motor when a shift position is at a reverse traveling position, places the first friction engagement element on standby at a predetermined standby pressure that is higher than a stroke starting pressure by which a piston stroke is started and lower than a complete engagement pressure or engages the first friction engagement at the complete engagement pressure when the shift position is at a non-traveling position, and engages a third friction engagement element as a starting shift speed when the shift position is at a forward traveling position. In the automatic transmission control device, when the shift position is at the forward traveling position, the first friction engagement element is placed on standby at the predetermined standby pressure if a vehicle speed is lower than a first predetermined vehicle speed, or releases the predetermined standby pressure if the vehicle speed is equal to or higher than the first predetermined vehicle speed. 
     In this automatic transmission control device according to the first aspect of the present invention, in the automatic transmission that engages the first friction engagement element and the second friction engagement element by the fluid pressure from the pump operated using motive power from the motor when the shift position is at the reverse traveling position, places the first friction engagement element on standby at a predetermined standby pressure that is higher than the stroke starting pressure by which the piston stroke is started and lower than the complete engagement pressure or engages the first friction engagement element at the complete engagement pressure when the shift position is at a non-traveling position, and engages the third friction engagement element as the starting shift speed when the shift position is at the forward traveling position, with the shift position at the forward traveling position, the first friction engagement element is placed on standby at the predetermined standby pressure if a vehicle speed is lower than a first predetermined vehicle speed, or the standby pressure is released if the vehicle speed is equal to or higher than the first predetermined vehicle speed. Placing the first friction engagement element on standby at a standby pressure higher than the stroke starting pressure when the shift position is at the forward traveling shift position reduces the number of friction engagement elements to which the fluid pressure should be supplied with the shift position at the reverse traveling position, even when a shift operation from the forward traveling position to the reverse traveling position is performed quickly. As a consequence, formation of the reverse traveling shift speed can be performed in a shorter time. The flow rate of a fluid supplied to the first friction engagement element increases while a piston of the first friction engagement element is stroking, that is, while the volume of an operating fluid chamber of the first friction engagement element to which an engagement fluid pressure is supplied is changing. By supplying a fluid pressure equal to or higher than the stroke starting pressure to the first friction engagement element in advance, the change amount of the volume of the operating fluid chamber of the first friction engagement element can be reduced when a shift operation to the reverse traveling position is performed, and the flow rate of a fluid supplied to the first friction engagement element when the shift operation to the reverse traveling position is performed and the discharge amount of fluid required by the pump can be reduced. Accordingly, the pump can be made smaller. Normally, the reverse traveling position is not accepted when the vehicle speed is relatively high. Thus, releasing of the standby pressure when the vehicle speed is equal to or higher than the first predetermined vehicle speed prevents occurrence of dragging of the first friction engagement element depending on the shift speed being formed, and the efficiency of the vehicle can be improved further. The “predetermined standby pressure” includes a fluid pressure larger than the stroke end pressure which causes engagement of the first friction engagement element with slipping, and a fluid pressure lower than the stroke end pressure. The “complete engagement pressure” is a hydraulic pressure which causes engagement of the first friction engagement element without slipping. 
     In the automatic transmission control device according to a second aspect of the present invention as above, the first friction engagement element may be placed on standby at the predetermined standby pressure on a condition that a rotation speed of the motor is equal to or higher than a predetermined rotation speed. This makes it possible for the first friction engagement element to be placed on standby at an engagement standby pressure after confirming that the fluid pressure discharged from the pump is sufficient. 
     In the automatic transmission control device according to a third aspect of the present invention, when the vehicle speed becomes lower than the first predetermined vehicle speed when other different friction engagement element from the first friction engagement element is being engaged, the first friction engagement element may be placed on standby at the predetermined standby pressure after waiting until the engagement of the other friction engagement element is completed. Accordingly, the discharge amount of the pump required at a time can be reduced, and the pump can be made small. In the automatic transmission control device according to a fourth aspect of the present invention that performs neutral control is performed to place the third friction engagement element in a predetermined neutral state when the shift position is at the forward traveling position and a neutral control condition is met, and hill-hold control is performed to engage a fourth friction engagement element for suppressing reverse rotation of an output shaft of the automatic transmission. In the automatic transmission control device of this aspect, while the hill-hold control to engage the fourth friction engagement element as the other different friction engagement element is being performed, the first friction engagement element may be placed on standby at the predetermined standby pressure after waiting until the engagement of the fourth friction engagement element is completed. When the motor is structured as an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine is placed in an idle-rotation state during the neutral control. Thus, by supplying a hydraulic pressure to the first friction engagement element after waiting until engagement of the fourth friction engagement element is completed, the necessary discharge amount of the pump when the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine is low can be reduced, and the pump can be made smaller. 
     In the automatic transmission control device according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, formation of a reverse traveling shift speed is prohibited regardless of the shift position when the vehicle speed is equal to or higher than a second predetermined vehicle speed. In the automatic transmission device of this aspect, the first predetermined vehicle speed may be set to a vehicle speed higher than the second predetermined vehicle speed. Accordingly, even when a certain length of time is required for placing the first friction engagement element on standby at the predetermined standby pressure, such standby at the predetermined standby pressure can be established by the time when formation of the reverse traveling shift speed is permitted. As a consequence, no matter what timing the shift operation from the forward traveling position to the reverse traveling position is performed, it is possible to suppress occurrence of delay in formation of the reverse traveling shift speed. 
     The automatic transmission control device according to a sixth aspect of the present invention further includes a planetary gear mechanism that has a first rotation element connected to an input shaft side via a first clutch, a second rotation element connected to the input shaft side via a second clutch and connected to a case via a second brake, a third rotation element connected to an output shaft side, and a fourth rotation element connected to the input shaft side via a third clutch and connected to the case via a first brake, which have a relation of rotation speed ratios in order of the fourth rotation element, the second rotation element, the third rotation element, and the first rotation element, wherein the first friction engagement element is the second brake, the second friction engagement element is the third clutch, and the third friction engagement element is the first clutch. In the automatic transmission control device of this aspect, while the vehicle is coasting with the shift position at a neutral position as the non-traveling position, the predetermined standby pressure on the second brake may be released or no engagement pressure may be supplied thereto. When none of the first to third clutches and the first and second brakes are engaged, the third rotation element coupled to the output shaft side of the planetary gear mechanism rotates at a rotation speed depending on the vehicle speed, and the other three rotation elements rotate in a balanced manner independently from the rotation of the third rotation element. However, when the second brake is engaged, the second rotation element to which the second brake is connected is fixed, and thus rotation of the first rotation element accelerates with respect to the rotation speed of the third rotation element. This acceleration in rotation may adversely affect efficiency of the planetary gear mechanism, and may cause dragging of the first clutch connected to the first rotation element. Therefore, while the vehicle is coasting with the shift position at the neutral position, occurrence of such a disadvantage is avoided by releasing the standby pressure on the second brake or by supplying no engagement pressure thereto, and traveling resistance can be reduced. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a structural diagram illustrating an overview of the structure of an automobile  10  having a transmission apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is an explanatory diagram illustrating an operation table of an automatic transmission  20 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a collinear diagram illustrating a relation of rotation speeds of respective rotation elements of the automatic transmission  20 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating an example of a shifting control routine executed by an ATECU  29 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating an example of a B 2  standby engagement permission setting routine executed by the ATECU  29 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating an example of a coasting determination routine executed by the ATECU  29 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a structural diagram illustrating an overview of the structure of an automatic transmission  120  of a modification example; and 
         FIG. 8  is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of an operation table of the automatic transmission  120 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
     Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described using examples. 
       FIG. 1  is a structural diagram illustrating an overview of the structure of an automobile  10  having a transmission apparatus as one embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 2  illustrates an operation table of an automatic transmission  20 .  FIG. 3  is a collinear diagram illustrating a relation of rotation speeds of respective rotation elements of the automatic transmission  20 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the automobile  10  of the embodiment has: an engine  12  as an internal combustion engine outputting motive power by explosive combustion of hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline and diesel oil; a torque converter  24  with a lock-up clutch attached to a crank shaft  14  of the engine  12 , the stepped automatic transmission  20  having an input shaft  21  connected to an output side of the torque converter  24  and an output shaft  22  connected to driving wheels  18   a ,  18   b  via a gear mechanism  26  and a differential gear  28 , and shifting the motive power inputted to the input shaft  21  and transmitting the shifted motive power to the output shaft  22 ; and a main electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as a main ECU)  60  controlling the entire vehicle. 
     The operation of the engine  12  is controlled by an engine electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as an engine ECU)  16 . Although not illustrated in detail, the engine ECU  16  is structured as a microprocessor with a CPU as a main component, and has a ROM storing processing programs, a RAM temporarily storing data, an input/output port, and a communication port besides the CPU. To this engine ECU  16 , signals from various sensors required for controlling operation of the engine  12 , such as an engine speed sensor attached to the crank shaft  14 , are inputted via an input port, and from the engine ECU  16 , a drive signal to a throttle motor adjusting a throttle opening, a control signal to a fuel injection valve, an ignition signal to spark plugs, and so on are outputted via an output port. The engine ECU  16  communicates with the main ECU  60 , controls the engine  12  by a control signal from the main ECU  60 , and outputs data related to the operation state of the engine  12  to the main ECU  60  as necessary. 
     The automatic transmission  20  is structured as a stepped six-speed transmission, and has a single pinion type planetary gear mechanism  30 , a Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40 , three clutches C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , two brakes B 1 , B 2 , and a one-way clutch F 1 . The single pinion type planetary gear mechanism  30  has a sun gear  31  as an external gear, a ring gear  32  as an internal gear arranged concentrically with the sun gear  31 , a plurality of pinion gears  33  meshing with the sun gear  31  and with the ring gear  32 , and a carrier  34  rotatably and revolvably holding the plurality of pinion gears  33 . The sun gear  31  is fixed to a case  38 , and the ring gear  32  is connected to the input shaft  21 . The Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40  has two sun gears  41   a ,  41   b  as external gears, a ring gear  42  as an internal gear, a plurality of short pinion gears  43   a  meshing with the sun gear  41   a , a plurality of long pinion gears  43   b  meshing with the sun gear  41   b  and the plurality of short pinion gears  43   a  and with the ring gear  42 , and a carrier  44  coupling the plurality of short pinion gears  43   a  and the plurality of long pinion gears  43   b  and holding these pinion gears rotatably and revolvably. The sun gear  41   a  is connected to the carrier  34  of the single pinion type planetary gear mechanism  30  via the clutch C 1 . The sun gear  41   b  is connected to the carrier  34  via the clutch C 3  and to the case  38  via the brake B 1 . The ring gear  42  is connected to the output shaft  22 . The carrier  44  is connected to the input shaft  21  via the clutch C 2 . The carrier  44  is connected to the case  38  via the brake B 2 , and to the case  38  via the one-way clutch F 1 . 
     In the automatic transmission  20  thus structured, it is possible to switch among first to sixth forward speeds, a reverse speed, and a neutral, by combinations of turning on and off of the clutches C 1  to C 3  (hereinafter, turning on refers to engagement and turning off refers to disengagement, and the same applies thereafter) and turning on and off of the brakes B 1 , B 2 , as illustrated in the operation table of  FIG. 2  and the collinear diagram of  FIG. 3 . 
     A state of the first forward speed can be formed by turning on the clutch C 1  and turning off the clutches C 2 , C 3  and the brakes B 1 , B 2 , or by turning on the clutch C 1  and the brake B 2  and turning off the clutches C 2 , C 3  and the brake B 1 . In this state, motive power inputted to the ring gear  32  of the single pinion type planetary gear mechanism  30  from the input shaft  21  is decelerated by receiving a reaction force on the sun gear  31  side by fixing the sun gear  31 , and is transmitted to the sun gear  41   a  of the Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40  via the carrier  34  and the clutch C 1 . Motive power inputted to the sun gear  41   a  is decelerated by receiving a reaction force on the carrier  44  side by fixing the carrier  44  by the one-way clutch F 1 , and is outputted to the output shaft  22  via the ring gear  42 . Thus, motive power inputted to the input shaft  21  is decelerated with a relatively large speed reduction ratio and outputted to the output shaft  22 . In the state of the first forward speed, while engine braking is performed, the carrier  44  is fixed instead of the one-way clutch F 1  by turning on the brake B 2 . A state of the second forward speed can be formed by turning on the clutch C 1  and the brake B 1  and turning off the clutches C 2 , C 3  and the brake B 2 . In this state, motive power inputted to the ring gear  32  of the single pinion type planetary gear mechanism  30  from the input shaft  21  is decelerated by receiving a reaction force on the sun gear  31  side by fixing the sun gear  31 , and is transmitted to the sun gear  41   a  of the Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40  via the carrier  34  and the clutch C 1 . Motive power inputted to the sun gear  41   a  is decelerated by receiving a reaction force on the sun gear  41   b  side by fixing the sun gear  41   b  by the brake B 1 , and is outputted to the output shaft  22  via the ring gear  42 . Thus, motive power inputted to the input shaft  21  is decelerated with a smaller speed reduction ratio than that of the first forward speed and outputted to the output shaft  22 . A state of the third forward speed can be formed by turning on the clutches C 1 , C 3  and turning off the clutch C 2  and the brakes B 1 , B 2 . In this state, motive power inputted to the ring gear  32  of the single pinion type planetary gear mechanism  30  from the input shaft  21  is decelerated by receiving a reaction force on the sun gear  31  side by fixing the sun gear  31 , and is transmitted to the sun gear  41   a  of the Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40  via the carrier  34  and the clutch C 1 . Motive power inputted to the sun gear  41   a  is outputted at equal speed to the output shaft  22  via the ring gear  42  by integral rotation of the Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40  by turning on the clutch C 1  and the clutch C 3 . Thus, motive power inputted to the input shaft  21  is decelerated with a smaller speed reduction ratio than that of the second forward speed and outputted to the output shaft  22 . A state of the fourth forward speed can be formed by turning on the clutches C 1 , C 2  and turning off the clutch C 3  and the brakes B 1 , B 2 . In this state, motive power inputted to the ring gear  32  of the single pinion type planetary gear mechanism  30  from the input shaft  21  is decelerated by receiving a reaction force on the sun gear  31  side by fixing the sun gear  31 , and is transmitted to the sun gear  41   a  of the Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40  via the carrier  34  and the clutch C 1  and, on the other hand, transmitted to the carrier  44  of the Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40  directly from the input shaft  21  via the clutch C 2 , thereby determining driving conditions of the ring gear  42 , that is, the output shaft  22 . Thus, motive power inputted to the input shaft  21  is decelerated with a smaller speed reduction ratio than that of the third forward speed and outputted to the output shaft  22 . A state of the fifth forward speed can be formed by turning on the clutches C 2 , C 3  and turning off the clutch C 1  and the brakes B 1 , B 2 . In this state, motive power inputted to the ring gear  32  of the single pinion type planetary gear mechanism  30  from the input shaft  21  is decelerated by receiving a reaction force on the sun gear  31  side by fixing the sun gear  31 , and is transmitted to the sun gear  41   b  of the Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40  via the carrier  34  and the clutch C 3  and, on the other hand, transmitted to the carrier  44  of the Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40  directly from the input shaft  21  via the clutch C 2 , thereby determining the driving conditions of the ring gear  42 , that is, the output shaft  22 . Thus, motive power inputted to the input shaft  21  is accelerated and outputted to the output shaft  22 . A state of the sixth forward speed can be formed by turning on the clutch C 2  and the brake B 1 , and turning off the clutches C 1 , C 3  and the brake B 2 . In this state, motive power inputted to the carrier  44  of the Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40  from the input shaft  21  via the clutch C 2  is accelerated by receiving a reaction force on the sun gear  41   b  side by fixing the sun gear  41   b  by the brake B 1 , and is outputted to the output shaft  22  via the ring gear  42 . Thus, motive power inputted to the input shaft  21  is accelerated by a smaller speed reduction ratio than that of the fifth forward speed and outputted to the output shaft  22 . 
     A state of a first reverse speed can be formed by turning on the clutch C 3  and the brake B 2  and turning off the clutches C 1 , C 2  and the brake B 1 . In this state, motive power inputted to the ring gear  32  of the single pinion type planetary gear mechanism  30  from the input shaft  21  is decelerated by receiving a reaction force on the sun gear  31  side by fixing the sun gear  31 , and is transmitted to the sun gear  41   b  of the Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40  via the carrier  34  and the clutch C 3 . Motive power inputted to the sun gear  41   b  is rotated in reverse by receiving a reaction force on the carrier  44  side by fixing the carrier  44  by the brake B 2  and outputted to the output shaft  22  via the ring gear  42 . Thus, motive power inputted to the input shaft  21  is decelerated with a relatively small speed reduction ratio and outputted to the output shaft  22  as motive power of reverse rotation. 
     A state of neutral can be formed by turning on the brake B 2  and turning off the clutches C 1  to C 3  and the brake B 1 , or by turning off all of the clutches C 1  to C 3  and the brakes B 1 , B 2 . In this embodiment, the state of neutral is formed by the former. 
     The automatic transmission  20  is drive-controlled by an automatic transmission electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as an ATECU)  29 . The ATECU  29  is structured as, although not illustrated in detail, a microprocessor with a CPU as a main component, and has a ROM storing processing programs, a RAM temporarily storing data, an input/output port, and a communication port besides the CPU. To the ATECU  29 , an input shaft rotation speed Nin from an input shaft rotation speed sensor attached to the input shaft  21 , an output shaft rotation speed Nout from an output shaft rotation speed sensor attached to the output shaft  22 , an oil temperature Toil from an oil temperature sensor attached to the hydraulic circuit  50 , and so on are inputted via an input port. From the ATECU  29 , a drive signal to a hydraulic actuator  50  for turning on and off the clutch C 1 , a drive signal to a hydraulic actuator  52  for turning on and off the clutch C 2 , a drive signal to a hydraulic actuator  54  for turning on and off the clutch C 3 , a drive signal to a hydraulic actuator  56  for turning on and off the brake B 1 , a drive signal to a hydraulic actuator  58  for turning on and off the brake B 2 , and so on are outputted via an output port. The ATECU  29  communicates with the main ECU  60 , controls the automatic transmission  20  by a control signal from the main ECU  60 , and outputs data related to the state of the automatic transmission  20  to the main ECU  60  as necessary. The hydraulic actuators  50  to  58  are formed of linear solenoids and the like which adjust a hydraulic pressure from a mechanical oil pump  59  actuated by motive power from the engine  12  and output the adjusted hydraulic pressure to the respective clutches C 1  to C 3 , and brakes B 1 , B 2 . 
     The main ECU  60  is structured as, although not illustrated in detail, a microprocessor with a CPU as a main component, and has a ROM storing processing programs, a RAM temporarily storing data, an input/output port, and a communication port besides the CPU. To the main ECU  60 , a shift position SP from a shift position sensor  62  detecting an operation position of the shift lever  61 , an accelerator operation amount Acc from an accelerator pedal position sensor  64  detecting a depressed amount of an accelerator pedal  63 , a brake switch signal BSW from a brake switch  66  detecting depression on a brake pedal  65 , a vehicle speed V from a vehicle speed sensor  68 , and so on are inputted via an input port. Here, for the shift lever  61  in the embodiment, a parking (P) position, a reverse (R) position, a neutral (N) position, and a drive (D) position are arranged in this order, and the clutches C 1  to C 3  and the brake B 1 , B 2  are turned on and off according to the position selected therefrom. As described above, the main ECU  60  is connected to the engine ECU  16  and the ATECU  29  via the communication port, and exchanges various control signals and data with the engine ECU  16  and the ATECU  29 . 
     Here, the automatic transmission  20  and the ATECU  29  correspond to the transmission apparatus of the embodiment. 
     Next, operation of the transmission apparatus of the embodiment included in the thus structured automobile  10 , particularly, operation when a shift operation from the D position to the R position is performed will be described.  FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating an example of a shifting control routine executed by the ATECU  29 . This routine is repeatedly executed at every predetermined time (for example, every few msec) from when the ignition is turned on until the ignition is turned off. 
     When the shifting control routine is executed, the CPU of the ATECU  29  first performs processing by which necessary data for control such as the shift position SP, the accelerator operation amount Acc, the vehicle speed V, and so on are inputted to the ATECU  29  (step S 100 ). Here, the shift position SP, the accelerator operation amount ACC, and the vehicle speed V which are detected by the shift position sensor  62 , the accelerator pedal position sensor  64 , and the vehicle speed sensor  68 , respectively, are inputted from the main ECU  60  via communication. After the data are inputted, the inputted shift position SP is checked (step S 110 ). When it is determined that the shift position SP is at the N (neutral) position, the value of a B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2 , which will be described later, indicating whether standby engagement of the brake B 2  is permitted or not is checked (step S 115 ). When the B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2  has a value 1, it is determined that the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is permitted, and the hydraulic actuator  58  is controlled so that the brake B 2  is turned on (step S 120 ). When the B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2  has a value 0, it is determined that the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is prohibited, and the hydraulic actuator  58  is controlled so that the brake B 2  is turned off (step S 195 ) and this routine is finished. On the other hand, when it is determined that the shift position SP is at the R position, it is determined whether or not the vehicle speed V is lower than a reverse traveling shift speed forming permission vehicle speed Vref 2  (step S 130 ). When the vehicle speed V is lower than the reverse traveling shift speed forming permission vehicle speed Vref 2 , the hydraulic actuators  54 ,  58  are controlled so that the clutch C 3  and the brake B 2  are turned on (step S 140 ) and this routine is finished. When the vehicle speed V is equal to or higher than the reverse traveling shift speed forming permission vehicle speed Vref 2 , the current state of clutches and brakes is maintained (step S 135 ) and this routine is finished. Accordingly, when a shift operation from the N position to the R position is performed, only the clutch C 3  needs be turned on. Thus, the discharge amount required at a time from the mechanical oil pump  59  can be reduced, and the first reverse speed can be formed quickly. 
     When it is determined in step S 110  that the shift position SP is at the D (drive) position, whether a shifting condition is met or not is determined (step S 150 ), and whether a hill-hold control condition is met or not is determined (step S 160 ). Here, the determination of the shifting condition can be performed by setting a target shift speed based on the accelerator operation amount Acc, the vehicle speed V, and a shift map, and comparing the set target shift speed with the current shift speed. The determination of the hill-hold control condition can be performed by determining whether or not all of the following conditions are met: the shift position SP is at the D position, the vehicle speed V is lower than a predetermined vehicle speed, the accelerator is off, the brake is on, the engine  12  is operating, and so on. Note that the hill-hold control condition is met when a neutral control condition in which the clutch C 1  is on standby at a hydraulic pressure equal to or lower than a stroke end pressure and the input shaft  21  and the output shaft  22  are disengaged is met. When the shifting condition is met, the shift speed for which the condition is met is set among the first forward speed to the sixth forward speed, and the respective hydraulic actuators  50  to  58  are controlled so that the necessary clutch and brake illustrated in  FIG. 2  among the clutches C 1  to C 3  and the brakes B 1 , B 2  are turned on according to the set shift speed, and the unnecessary clutch and brake which are on are turned off (step S 170 ). When the hill-hold control condition is met, the hydraulic actuators  50 ,  56  are controlled to turn on the brake B 1  for suppressing reverse rotation of the output shaft  22  (hill-hold control) (step S 180 ), in addition to neutral control. Then the value of the B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2  is checked (step S 190 ). When the B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2  has a value 1, it is determined that the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is permitted, and the hydraulic actuator  58  is controlled so that the brake B 2  is turned on (step S 120 ). When the B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2  has a value 0, it is determined that the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is prohibited, and the hydraulic actuator  58  is controlled so that the brake B 2  is turned off (step S 195 ) and this routine is finished. Here, since this routine is repeatedly executed at every predetermined time (for example, every several msec), the processing of step S 170  of shifting control, the processing of step S 180  of hill-hold control, and the processing of step S 120  of standby engagement of the brake B 2  are performed repeatedly until these steps are completed (turning on and turning off of the corresponding clutch and brake are completed). The brake B 2  is standby-engaged in this manner also when the shift position SP is at the D position because, considering the case where the shift operation from the D position to the R position via the N position is performed, when there is a sufficient stop period at the N position, the brake B 2  is standby-engaged in this period, but when there is no sufficient stop period at the N position, the standby engagement of the brake B 2  at the N position may not be performed on time. Accordingly, when the shift operation from the D position to the R position is performed quickly, only the clutch C 3  needs be turned on when the position R is reached. Thus, the discharge amount required at a time from the mechanical oil pump  59  can be reduced, and the first reverse speed can be formed quickly. Here, in this embodiment, the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is performed by applying a hydraulic pressure slightly higher than the stroke end pressure to the brake B 2 , and is performed only when the shift speed is the first forward speed or the second forward speed. At the first forward speed, the brake B 2  is engaged completely instead of the standby engagement during engine braking. When the shift operation to the R position is performed in a state that the brake B 2  is not engaged completely, it is necessary to supply the hydraulic pressure until the brake B 2  is engaged completely, but the discharge amount required at a time from the mechanical oil pump  59  can be reduced as compared to the one which does not standby-engage the brake B 2 . The B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2  in steps S 115 , S 190  is set by executing the B 2  standby engagement permission setting routine exemplified in  FIG. 5 . This B 2  standby engagement permission setting routine is repeatedly executed at every predetermined time (for example, every several msec) from when the ignition is turned on until the ignition is turned off similarly to the shifting control routine, and the value of the flag Fb 2  used in step S 190  of shifting control routine is updated every time the B 2  standby engagement permission setting routine is executed. 
     When the B 2  standby engagement permission setting routine is executed, the CPU of the ATECU  26  first performs processing by which necessary data for control such as the shift position SP, the accelerator operation amount Acc, the vehicle speed V, the engine speed Ne, the oil temperature Toil, the output shaft rotation speed Nout, and so on are inputted to the ATECU  26  (step S 200 ). Here, the oil temperature Toil and the output shaft rotation speed Nout detected by the oil temperature sensor and the output shaft rotation speed sensor, respectively, are inputted. The engine speed Ne detected by the engine speed sensor is inputted from the engine ECU  16  via the main ECU  60  by communication. Inputting of the shift position SP, the accelerator operation amount Acc, and the vehicle speed V is described above already. 
     When the data are inputted in this manner, determinations are made as to whether the vehicle is in a condition other than coasting (step S 210 ), whether the vehicle is in a condition other than the above-described shifting control (step S 220 ), whether the vehicle is in a condition other than engagement of the brake B 1  by the above-described hill-hold control (step S 230 ), whether the vehicle is in a condition other than N-D control to turn on the clutch C 1  when a shift operation from the N position to the D position is performed (step S 240 ), whether the shift position SP is at any other position than the R position (step S 250 ), whether the oil temperature Toil is equal to or higher than a threshold Tref (step S 260 ), whether the vehicle speed V is lower than a threshold Vref (step S 270 ), and whether the engine speed Ne is equal to or higher than a threshold Nref (step S 280 ). When all the determinations of steps S 210  to S 280  are affirmative, a value 1 is set to the B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2  to permit the standby engagement of the brake B 2  (step S 290 ). When any one of the determinations of steps S 210 , S 250  to S 280  is negative, a value 0 is set to the B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2 , the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is prohibited (step S 295 ), and this routine is finished. When any one of the determinations of steps S 220  to S 240  is negative, the value of the B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2  is checked (step S 245 ). When the B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2  has a value 1, permission of the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is continued (step S 290 ). When the B 2  standby engagement permission determination flag Fb 2  has a value 0, prohibition of the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is continued (step S 295 ), and this routine is finished. Here, the determination of coasting is made by executing a coasting determination routine illustrated in  FIG. 6 . In this coasting determination routine, it is determined whether a state in which the vehicle speed V is equal to or higher than the threshold Vref 2  continues for a predetermined time Tref (several seconds for example) or longer (step S 300 ). When the state does not continue for the predetermined time, it is determined that it is not appropriate to determine coasting, and this routine is finished. On the other hand, when it is determined that the state in which the vehicle speed V is equal to or higher than the threshold Vref 2  continues for the predetermined time Tref or longer, then determinations are made as to whether the shift position SP is at the N position (step S 305 ), whether the output shaft rotation speed Nout is equal to or higher than a threshold Nref 2  (step S 310 ), whether the accelerator is off (throttle is off) (step S 320 ), and whether the brake is off (step S 330 ). When all of the determinations of steps S 305  to S 330  are affirmative, it is determined that the vehicle is coasting (step S 340 ). This determination of coasting is continued until any one of the determinations of steps S 305  to S 330  becomes negative. When it is determined that any one of these determinations is negative, it is determined that the vehicle is not coasting (step S 350 ), and this routine is finished. Considering the case where none of the clutches C 1  to C 3  and brakes B 1 , B 2  are engaged at the N position, in the Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  40 , the ring gear  42  connected to the output shaft  22  rotates at the rotation speed of the output shaft  22 , and the sun gears  41   a ,  41   b  and the carrier  44  rotate independently from the rotation of the ring gear  42  in a balanced manner with a relatively small difference in rotation from each other. On the other hand, considering the case where only the brake B 2  is engaged at the N position, rotation of the carrier  44  connected to the brake B 2  is fixed. Thus, the sun gear  41   a  accelerates with respect to the rotation speed of the ring gear  42  and its rotation resistance increases, and dragging of the clutch C 1  may occur depending on the remaining hydraulic pressure on the clutch C 1  connected to the sun gear  41   a . The standby engagement of the brake B 2  is prohibited while the vehicle is coasting at the N position so as to avoid such a disadvantage and decrease traveling resistance accompanying the coasting. The standby engagement of the brake B 2  is prohibited: for supplying to a clutch and a brake a necessary hydraulic pressure for the shifting control during the shifting control; for supplying to the brake B 1  a necessary hydraulic pressure for the hill-hold control when the brake B 1  is being engaged in the hill-hold control; and for supplying to the clutch C 1  a necessary hydraulic pressure for switching from the neutral to the first forward speed during the N-D control. Accordingly, a situation that the hydraulic pressure is supplied at a time to two or more clutches and brakes is avoided, and the clutches and the brakes can be turned on appropriately by a sufficient hydraulic pressure. Therefore, when the shifting control, the hill-hold control (engagement of the brake B 2 ), or the N-D control is completed, the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is permitted if the other conditions are met. In the determination in step S 250  in this embodiment, it is determined whether the shift speed is the first forward speed or the second forward speed when the shift position is at the D (drive) position as described above. The threshold Tref used in step S 260  is defined as a value near the lower limit of an appropriate temperature range, and the threshold Vref used in step S 270  is defined as a value slightly higher than the threshold Vref 2  which is the reverse traveling shift speed forming permission vehicle speed, and the threshold Nref used in step S 280  is defined as a value near the lower limit of the engine speed by which the mechanical oil pump  59  can be operated. Therefore, in the determinations in steps S 260  to S 280 , it is determined whether or not the oil temperature Toil is at an appropriate temperature, whether or not the vehicle speed V is lower than the vehicle speed (threshold Vref) slightly higher than the reverse traveling shift speed forming permission vehicle speed Vref 2 , and whether or not the engine speed Ne is at a sufficient rotation speed for operating the mechanical oil pump  59 , respectively. Since the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is performed for forming the first reverse speed quickly when the shift operation to the R position is performed, basically, it may be performed when the vehicle speed V is lower than the reverse traveling shift speed forming permission vehicle speed Vref 2 . However, in this embodiment, the threshold Vref is defined as a value higher than the reverse traveling shift speed forming permission vehicle speed in consideration of the time required for the standby engagement. 
     According to the transmission apparatus of the embodiment described above, in the vehicle including the automatic transmission  20  which forms the first reverse speed by turning on the brake B 2  and the clutch C 3  when the shift position SP is at the R (reverse) position, the brake B 2  is standby-engaged if the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is permitted due to that the vehicle speed V is lower than the threshold Vref, and so on, when the shift position SP is at the D (drive) position in addition to when the shift position SP is at the N (neutral) position. Thus, when the shift lever  61  is operated quickly from the D position to the R position, the hydraulic pressure needs to be applied only to the remaining clutch C 3 , and the first reverse speed can be formed quickly. As a consequence, a small pump can be used as the mechanical oil pump  59 , and the entire apparatus can be made smaller. Moreover, since the threshold Vref is set to the value slightly higher than the reverse traveling shift speed forming permission vehicle speed Vref 2  in consideration of the time required for the standby engagement of the brake B 2 , the shift operation to the R position can be accepted in a state that the brake B 2  is standby-engaged immediately when the vehicle speed V changes from a speed equal to or higher than the reverse traveling shift speed forming permission vehicle speed Vref 2  to a speed lower than the reverse traveling shift speed forming permission vehicle speed Vref 2 . Since the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is not performed when the shift position SP is at the N position and the vehicle is coasting, it is possible to prevent increase in traveling resistance due to engagement of the brake B 2  while the vehicle is coasting. Further, since the standby engagement of the brake B 2  is also prohibited when the brake B 1  is being engaged by the shifting control or the hill-hold control, it is possible to prevent supply of hydraulic pressure to two or more clutches and brakes at a time from the mechanical oil pump  59 . Engagement of respective clutches and brakes can be performed more appropriately, and the mechanical oil pump  59  can be made small. 
     In the transmission apparatus of the embodiment, a hydraulic pressure slightly higher than the stroke end pressure is applied as the standby engagement of the brake B 2 , but as long as the hydraulic pressure is higher than a stroke starting pressure by which a piston stroke is started, a hydraulic pressure at any level may be applied within the range not affecting formation of a shift speed. However, for a shift speed (for example, the second forward speed) that is subject to, for example, dragging, by engagement of the brake B 2 , use of a hydraulic pressure lower than the stroke end pressure may be desired. 
     In the transmission control of the embodiment, the standby engagement of the brake B 2  when the shift position is at the D position is performed only for the first forward speed and the second forward speed. However, the transmission control may be performed only for the first forward speed, may be performed for the first to third forward speeds, may be performed for the first to fourth forward speeds, may be performed for the first to fifth forward speeds, or may be performed for all the shift speeds. 
     In the transmission apparatus of the embodiment, in the B 2  standby engagement permission determination routine of  FIG. 5 , the conditions for permitting the standby engagement of the brake B 2  include that the vehicle is not coasting and that the oil temperature Toil is equal to or higher than the threshold Tref. However, any one of or both of the conditions may be omitted. 
     In the transmission apparatus of the embodiment, the automatic transmission  20  is structured of a stepped six-speed transmission of first forward speed to sixth forward speed. However, the automatic transmission is not limited to this, and may be structured of a stepped transmission with two to five speeds or may be structured of a stepped transmission with seven or more speeds. For example, as illustrated in an automatic transmission  120  of a modification example in  FIG. 7 , the transmission apparatus may be structured of a stepped transmission with eight speeds. The automatic transmission  120  of the modification example has, as illustrated in  FIG. 7 , a double pinion type planetary gear mechanism  130 , a Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  140 , four clutches C 11 , C 12 , C 13 , C 14 , two brakes B 11 , B 12 , and a one-way clutch F 11 . The double pinion type planetary gear mechanism  130  has a sun gear  131  as an external gear, a ring gear  132  as an internal gear arranged concentrically with the sun gear  131 , a plurality of first pinion gears  133   a  meshing with the sun gear  131 , a plurality of second pinion gears  133   b  meshing with the first pinion gear  133   a  and with the ring gear  132 , and a carrier  134  rotatably and revolvably holding the first and second pinion gears  133   a ,  133   b . The sun gear  131  is fixed to a case  38 , the ring gear  132  is connected to a rotation shaft  136  via the clutch C 13 , and the carrier  134  is connected to the rotation shaft  136  via the clutch C 14 . This rotation shaft  136  is structured to freely rotate or be fixed by turning on or off the brake B 11 . The Ravigneaux type planetary gear mechanism  140  has two sun gears  141   a ,  141   b  as external gears, a ring gear  142  as an internal gear, a plurality of short pinion gears  143   a  meshing with the sun gear  141   a , a plurality of long pinion gears  143   b  meshing with the sun gear  141   b  and the plurality of short pinion gears  143   a  and with the ring gear  142 , and a carrier  144  coupling the plurality of short pinion gears  143   a  and the plurality of long pinion gears  143   b  and holding these pinion gears rotatably and revolvably. The sun gear  141   a  is connected to the ring gear  132  of the double pinion type planetary gear mechanism  130  via the clutch C 11 . The sun gear  141   b  is connected to the rotation shaft  136 . The ring gear  142  is connected to an output shaft  22 . The rotational of the carrier  144  is restricted to one direction by the one-way clutch F 11  and freely rotates or is fixed by turning on or off the brake B 12 , and is connected to the input shaft  21  via the clutch C 12 . An operation table of the automatic transmission  120  of the modification example is illustrated in  FIG. 8 . 
     Here, the correspondence between the major elements of the embodiments and the major elements of the invention described in the Summary of the Invention section will be described. In the embodiments, the engine  12  corresponds to the “motor”, the mechanical oil pump  59  corresponds to the “pump”, the brake B 2  corresponds to the “first friction engagement element”, the clutch C 3  corresponds to the “second friction engagement element”, and the clutch C 1  corresponds to the “third friction engagement element”. The brake B 1  corresponds to the “fourth friction engagement element”. The clutch C 1  corresponds to the “first clutch”, the clutch C 2  corresponds to the “second clutch”, the clutch C 3  corresponds to the “third clutch”, the brake B 1  corresponds to the “first brake”, and the brake B 2  corresponds to the “second brake”. Here, the “motor” is not limited to internal combustion engines outputting motive power by using hydrocarbon fuel such as gasoline or diesel fuel, and may be any type of internal combustion engine such as a hydrogen engine, or may be a motor such as an electric motor. It should be noted that the correspondence between the major elements of the embodiments and the major elements of the invention described in the Summary of the Invention section are examples for specifically describing the best modes for carrying out the invention described in the Summary of the Invention section, and thus the correspondence does not limit the elements of the invention described in the Summary of the Invention section. That is to say, the invention described in the Summary of the Invention section should be construed based on the description in that section, and the embodiments are merely specific examples of the invention described in the Summary of the Invention section. 
     In the foregoing, the best modes for carrying out the present invention has been described using the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to such embodiments at all. It is needless to mention that the present invention can be implemented in various modes within the range not departing from the scope of the invention. 
     The present invention may be applied to the automobile industry.