Abstract:
A food barrier casing for enclosing foodstuffs to be boiled or cooked within the casing, in particular for cooking or simmering sausages, ham, pickled products, or soft cheese. The casing comprising an absorbent inner layer which is firmly connected to an impermeable foil, wherein the inner layer comprises fibers and is impregnated with coloring and/or flavoring agents in an amount sufficient to impart color and/or flavor to the foodstuff within the casing.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/244,184, filed Feb. 4, 1999, now abandoned which is incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention concerns a food barrier casing (or wrapping) for food which is boiled, cooked or otherwise heated in the casing, in particular for sausages to be cooked or simmered, ham, pickled products or soft cheese. 
     In food of this type, a color and/or flavor transfer from the casing to the food is increasingly desired during the cooking or simmering process. 
     Sausages to be simmered and pickled products to be cooked are still being produced to a large extent, in a more or less country-specific manner, in cellulose fiber casings. This cellulose fiber casing has a high steam and gas permeability in order to smoke the products during the production process. 
     It is also known to impregnate cellulose fiber casings with liquid smoke in order to shorten the smoking time. 
     However, due to the steam and gas permeability of the casing, the production of food in a cellulose fiber casing is always associated with a loss in weight, taste and flavor during the production process, during cooling and during storage. 
     Products produced in the cellulose fiber casing thus have a very short, limited shelf life and must be wrapped a second time as quickly as possible after production by means of a barrier casing to compensate for this disadvantage. A recontamination or reinfection which represents a loss in quality and shortening of shelf life can also not be ruled out with the additional casing and, moreover, involves additional costs. 
     To avoid the disadvantage of steam and gas permeability, plastic casings were developed, especially for big industry, comprising materials which have a steam and gas impermeability, so-called cook+ship, i.e. cooking and shipping without an additional second casing. 
     When using plastic casting of this type, there is no loss in weight, flavor and taste during the production process nor during storage and shipping, however, the finished product does not have the typical smoked taste which consumers desire and expect in many products. 
     The impregnation of pure plastic casings with flavors was also not successful since the plastics used cannot adequately absorb and store impregnating agents, and these are stripped off again during manufacture and when filling the plastic casings, since it cannot be absorbed and stored in a sufficient amount by the plastic layers. 
     In order to lend the product finished in the plastic casing the desired smoked taste and the typical color, the plastic casing must be removed after the production process and the product smoked in a conventional manner or processed with liquid smoke. In this subsequent process, there is again the possibility of a loss in weight, flavor and taste, in addition to the danger of recontamination and reinfection, and a second casing is again absolutely imperative after the processing. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a food barrier casing which exhibits, on the one hand, high density but, on the other hand, also good absorption power and storage capacity for the desired flavors and/or coloring agents and distinguishes itself by a later, sufficient transfer of these substances to the food product. 
     According to the present invention, this object is solved in that the casing comprises at least one steam and/or gas impermeable foil and has an absorbent inner layer connected therewith comprising individual fibers or a weave, fabric, knit, preferably a fleece, and that this inner layer is impregnated with coloring agents and/or flavoring agents. 
     First of all, this inner layer has the advantage of a high absorptivity and retainability for the colors and/or flavors. Moreover, tests by the applicant have shown that a substantially improved transfer of these substances to the food takes place during the subsequent cooking or boiling process compared to conventional casings, since the impermeability of the casing vis-á-vis steam, preferably also vis-á-vis gas, prevents the color or flavors from being washed out during the cooking process. 
     It was suprisingly shown that unusually thin wall thicknesses on the order of several hundredths mm to {fraction (1/10)} mm are already sufficient for the inner layer to absorb the coloring and/or flavoring agents. For this reason, it is especially advantageous if the inner layer comprises individual fibers or a thin fleece. Cotton fibers, cellulose fibers, also regenerated cellulose fibers, viscose fibers or mixtures thereof are recommended as material herefor. An optimum storage capacity for the coloring or flavoring agents is attained thereby with little material inventory. 
     Advantageously, the inner layer is connected with the casing by lamination and/or coating, so that a one-piece easy-to-handle laminate is obtained. An adhesive can also be used for the connection. Extruded polyethylene in an almost liquid form is especially suitable as adhesive. The absorbent material of the inner layer is laminated to the inner side of the casing by means of this extruded polyethylene. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of the invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the drawings embodiment(s) which are presently preferred. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. In the drawings: 
     FIG. 1 is a cross section through the casing with an inner layer; and 
     FIG. 2 is a top view onto a casing in the form of a bag. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     According to FIG. 1, the casing, wrap or wrapper has a barrier casing  1  on the outside. It comprises two outer polyethylene layers  1   a ,  1   c  and an intermediate layer  1   b  of polyamide. The function of the barrier casing is to protect the food so as to be airtight and gastight, especially against steam and oxygen, so that the food is not washed out during the cooking or boiling process, i.e., it does not lose flavor or color. Advantageously, the barrier casing is shrinkable, for example a shrink foil which shrinks in a temperature range of about 70° C. to about 90° C., by means of which a crease-free end product results. Moreover, there is no loss in weight at all during the manufacturing process, storage and transport. 
     On its inner side, the described barrier casing  1  is coated with an absorbent inner layer  2 , e.g., a fleece comprising cellulose fibers. It serves as a carrier for the desired coloring and/or flavoring agents. This could be caramel, aromatic extracts, smoke components, liquid smoke, marinades, fruit flavors and other substances allowed under the regulations governing food. They can be continuously applied to the absorbent inner layer  2  either by a spray tube, along which the casing shaped in the form of a tube is guided, or by a liquid bath along which the inner wall of the casing slides, or by means of a liquid bubble which is conveyed through the casing. 
     Instead of this, the inner layer  2  can also be imprinted with the desired coloring and/or flavoring agents in a flat form. After drying, the foil is given the tubular shape by means of a heat-sealable, heat-resistant adhesive tape or by heat-sealing at the overlapping edges. 
     The impregnated casing can be used and processed both in the wet and dry state. If the casing is to be dried after absorbing the coloring and/or flavoring agents through the absorbent inner layer, the use of colors and/or flavors which do not become volatile during drying is recommended. 
     All of the preceding material layers are laminated to form a film whereby, advantageously, an adhesive agent is used. Its overall thickness is generally less than {fraction (1/10)} mm. Thus, the thickness of the two polyethylene layers  1   a  and  1   c  is 10 to 60 microns in each case, the thickness of the intermediate layer  1   b  comprising polyamide being 10 to 20 microns. The polyethylene layer Ic facing the food is advantageously extruded wet onto the layers  1   a  and  1   b  already joined together, so that it functions as an adhesive for the absorbent layer  2  to be subsequently applied. 
     For the inner layer  2 , it is recommended that the absorbent material, i.e., the fleece, the fibers or the like, be applied in a material thickness of about 10 to about 30 g/m 2 . This absorbing layer is then impregnated with the desired flavors or color carriers and produced, if necessary, in the form desired by the customer. 
     FIG. 2 shows the casing in the form of a bag. For this purpose, the casing is first given a tubular form and joined together at the overlapping longitudinal edges by a band  3  sealable under heat. This band  3  is at least heat-sealed with the layer  1   a  of the barrier casing  1 . 
     At the lower end, the casing is sealed with a corresponding band  4 , whereby the lower edge is, for example, folded over by 180° to ensure a tight heat-seal. 
     Special machines are required to attach the bands  3  and  4 , and they are often not available to the manufacturer of the casing, i.e., the butcher&#39;s shop. For this reason, the bag  5  thus formed has an excess length  6  at its open upper edge which extends over the entire periphery and is connected with the bag by means of a sealable band  7 . This excess length  6  does not have an absorbent inner layer  2  like the bag  5  but consists only of an easily heat-sealable plastic material, in particular polyethylene, which can be easily sealed by the customer to seal the bag  5  after it has been filled with the meat and evacuated. 
     TEST EXAMPLE 
     After the casing was impregnated with liquid smoke, a fine sausage emulsion was filled in, sealed by means of an aluminum clip and boiled. The casing or sausage filled in this way had a diameter of 80 mm. 
     The results were as follows: 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 TEST RESULTS 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Control parameters 
                 Smoke 
                 Loss in 
                 Production 
               
               
                   
                 Casing 
                 taste 
                 weight 
                 time 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 smoked + boiled 
                 good 
                 8% 
                 100 min. 
               
               
                   
                 cellulose fiber 
               
               
                   
                 casing 
               
               
                   
                 barrier casing 
                 very good 
                 0% 
                  60 min. 
               
               
                   
                 with absorbent 
               
               
                   
                 inner layer 
               
               
                   
                 impregnated 
               
               
                   
                 with smoke 
               
               
                   
                 cellulose fiber 
                 sufficient 
                 5% 
                  80 min. 
               
               
                   
                 casing 
                 smoke taste 
               
               
                   
                 impregnated 
               
               
                   
                 with smoke 
               
               
                   
                 barrier casing 
                 no smoke 
                 0% 
                  60 min. 
               
               
                   
                 without 
                 taste can be 
               
               
                   
                 absorbent 
                 ascertained 
               
               
                   
                 inner layer 
               
               
                   
                 impregnated 
               
               
                   
                 with smoke 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In summary, the invention offers the advantage that the flavor and/or the color, etc. is maintained on the inner side of the casing in high doses, is not lost when the casing is gathered and filled, and is reliably transferred to the food contained therein during the cooking or boiling process. Since the outer layers of the casing are impermeable, the substances cannot be rinsed out during the boiling process. No losses in weight, taste and flavor result during the production and boiling process or during transport and storage, and the production time remains short. The product can be delivered directly to the end user without a second casing. 
     It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiment(s) described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiment(s) disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.