Abstract:
A system and method for permitting viewership behavior on a cable television system, or satellite system, to be analyzed while guaranteeing the anonymity of the individual viewers. Using this system and method, the content of the message initiated by a consumer device, that is configured to receive television programming content, cannot be known by the cable operator even though the cable operator can identify the source of the message; alternatively, the entity that analyzes viewership behavior cannot know the source of the message but can know the content of the message.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of Invention 
     This invention relates to the field of automatic monitoring of cable television use, and more particularly, to a system and method for permitting viewership behavior to be analyzed while guaranteeing the anonymity of the individual viewers. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     The following references are related to cable systems or data systems and the handling of communications between the users. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,289,514 (Link et al.), which is assigned to the same Assignee as the present invention, namely, QCOM TV, Inc., discloses a system and method for identifying television programming, identifying and capturing consumer behavior as regards such programming and providing a near-real time reporting of that information to interested parties while providing verification of actual delivery of advertising and/or program content. 
     WO 02/05568 (Link et al.) discloses a system and method for providing television programming which has been enabled for interactive purchase by viewers using their set top boxes over multiple channels for multiple merchant products/services and for delivering those purchase requests to the parties who provide fulfillment and billing for those requests. This system/method uses encryption in the transmission of purchase/transaction messages from viewers but, unlike the present invention, the source of the message needs to be known in order for the purchased item/services to be delivered to the originator of the request. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,835,087 (Herz, et al.) discloses a system for the generation of object profiles for customized electronic identification of desirable objects, such as news articles, in an electronic media environment. A target profile interest summary is generated for each user and a cryptographically-based pseudonym proxy server is used to provide the user with control over the ability of third parties to access this summary and to identify or contact the user. However, among other things, this system requires that the user actively participate in the establishment of the profile and this proxy server is able to translate from an individual to a pseudonym and then vice versa. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,872,588 (Aras et al.) discloses a monitoring system for audio-visual materials presented to subscribers and includes a privacy setting that allows the subscriber to prevent his/her viewing habits from being transmitted. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,245,656 (Loeb, et al)teaches how one might protect individually identifiable information by combining the use of an “authority”, to translate from an individual ID (identification) to a pseudonym and back, with the use of profile data transmitted in encrypted form from a service provider computer. However, unlike the present invention, the “authority” in this system has the ability to translate in both directions. 
     U.S. patent application No. US 2002/0073435 (Handelman) discloses a cable TV system that uses a cable TV network, a multiplicity of subscriber units, and apparatus for transmitting encrypted information over the network of individually-addressed information to a subscriber unit and apparatus associated with each of the multiplicity of subscriber units for decoding the encrypted information. 
     U.S. patent application No. US 2002/0019781 (Shooks et al.) discloses a method and system for facilitating the anonymous purchase of goods and services from an e-commerce website. Funds are credited to a card account number in advance of use of a preset amount. However, a user of the card is anonymous by virtue of there being no name associated with the card. Use of this system requires active participation by the consumer to acquire the anonymous funds card. 
     U.S. patent application No. US 2002/0073046 (David) discloses a system and method for secure network purchasing and which uses encryption techniques to generate a password from a seed stored in a user&#39;s configuration file on the user&#39;s computer. However, use of this system requires the active participation of the consumer to establish an account with the merchant or service provider. 
     U.S. patent application No. US 2002/0108122 (Alao et al.) discloses a system for managing delivery of interactive television content from multiple diverse content or service sources to one or more set top boxes and managing the transaction dialogue from those set top boxes back to the diverse services. It provides a gateway and translation function which allows a set top box to interact with multiple services and content streams while only having to understand the one set of rules and protocols. Though encryption is discussed at various points, it does not make the set top box anonymous. 
     U.S. patent application No. US 2002/0108040 (Eskicioglu) discloses a method for providing conditional access to a received scrambled audio/visual signal from a variety of sources, e.g., broadcast TV networks, CATV networks, digital satellite systems and Internet service providers. 
     U.S. patent application No. US 2002/0107909 (Eyer et al.) discloses a method that allows a user who has access to an audio/visual object to cause an interactive control element of an interactive multimedia system to grab and store for future retrieval the audio/visual object by activating a selection mechanism of the interactive multi-media. 
     U.S. patent application No. US 2002/0108121 (Alao et al.) discloses a service gateway that provides a proxy between a client protocol and a plurality of standard communication protocols and utilizes encryption for interactive television. 
     U.S. patent application No. US 2002/0099948 (Kocher et al.) discloses a system whereby, before use, a population of tamper-resistant cryptographic enforcement devices is partitioned into groups and is issued one or more group keys. Each tamper-resistant device contains multiple computational units to control access to digital content. One of the computational units within each tamper-resistant device communicates with another of the computational units acting as an interface control processor, and which serves to protect the contents of a nonvolatile memory from unauthorized access. 
     U.S. patent application No. US 2002/0104098 (Zustack et al.) discloses a system whereby a subscriber class leases and provides programming for a digital television channel using the 2-way communication capabilities of a digital set top box. Encryption/decryption is used to prevent unauthorized access to programming content and whereby a decryption key can be transmitted over a video channel, or other communication channel, via modem. 
     U.S. patent application No. US 2002/0108034 (Hashem et al.) discloses a system and method for automatically encrypting and decrypting data for transmission using a process whereby a file is retrieved from a destination-based transmit folder, encrypting the file and then transmitting the file to an outgoing folder to the destination. The file is encrypted with an encryption process associated with the destination-based transmit folder. 
     U.S. patent application No. US 2002/0104083 (Hendricks et al.) discloses a system supporting targeted advertising directed to television terminals connected to an operations center or cable headend. 
     “Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses, and Digital Pseudonyms” by David Chaum (Communications of the ACM, Vol. 24, No. 2, Feb. 1981) teaches how encryption techniques can be used in conjunction with an intermediary authority to mask the source of an email while providing a mechanism by which the recipient can respond to the originator without disclosing who the originator might be. However, this approach requires that the “authority” be able to both encode and decode the originator&#39;s address. 
     “A Secure and Privacy-Protecting Protocol for Transmitting Personal Information between Organizations” by Chaum and Evertse demonstrates a proof that relies on the active participation of individuals (or their agent) to monitor and coordinate the distribution of personal information among organizations. In this instance, the “authority” is the individual who can associate the private information with a particular ID or pseudonym. 
     Thus, there remains a need for a system and method of guaranteeing the anonymity of the source of a message (wherein the source is coupled to a cable television system for receiving television programming content therefrom) but allowing the content of the message to be analyzed by a downstream entity without requiring intervention by the originator of the message. 
     All references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     A method for obscuring the identity of a source of a message while allowing the content of the message, and subsequent messages, issued from that source to be analyzed and wherein the source is coupled to a cable television system (this term also includes “satellite” systems) for receiving television programming content therefrom. The method comprises the steps of: encrypting the content of a message issued from the source (e.g., televisions, set top boxes, digital cable-ready set top boxes, cell phones, PDAs (personal digital assistants), computers and other similar devices having display screens that allow the user to receive and view television content from the cable television system) to form a first message wherein the first message contains source identification indicia and wherein the first message is transmitted to a remote device (e.g., a server); decrypting the first message into a first decrypted message upon receipt of the first message by the remote device; substituting the source identification indicia with anonymous identification indicia that cannot be traced back to the source identification indicia; and encrypting the first decrypted message along with the anonymous identification indicia into a second message and transmitting the second message to a location to be analyzed. 
     A system for obscuring the identity of the source of a message while allowing the content of the message, and subsequent messages, issued from that source to be analyzed, wherein the source is coupled to a cable television system (this term also includes “satellite” systems) for receiving television programming content therefrom, and wherein the source (e.g., televisions, set top boxes, digital cable-ready set top boxes, cell phones, PDAs (personal digital assistants), computers and other similar devices having display screens that allow the user to receive and view television content from the cable television system)of the message encrypts the message content while embedding source identifier indicia in the encrypted message. The system comprises a server, wherein the server comprises: means for decrypting the encrypted message into a first decrypted message; means for generating anonymous identification indicia and for substituting the source identifier indicia with the anonymous identification indicia to form a first decrypted message having the anonymous identification indicia embedded therein, and wherein the anonymous identification indicia prevents the first decrypted message from being traced back to the source identifier indicia; means for encrypting the first decrypted message having the anonymous identification indicia embedded therein to form a second encrypted message having the anonymous identification indicia embedded therein; and wherein the server transmits the second encrypted message having the anonymous identification indicia to message content analysis means. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will be described in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals designate like elements and wherein: 
         FIG. 1  is a figure layout for  FIGS. 1A-1B ; 
         FIGS. 1A-1B , together, constitute a block diagram of an exemplary viewership behavior analysis system similar to the one shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,289,514 (Link et al.) which uses the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing the present invention used between the source of a message and a viewing event dispatcher; 
         FIG. 3  is an isometric view of a secured location that houses the server of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a functional diagram of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 5  is a flow diagram of the software of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention  400  forms a portion of a cable television (this term is broadly construed to cover any and all variations of what is known in the art as “cable television” and “satellite systems”) viewership behavior analysis system, such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,289,514 (Link et al.) whose entire disclosure is incorporated by reference herein. It should be understood that the viewership behavior analysis system of U.S. Pat. No. 6,289,514 (Link et al.)is cited by way of example only and that the present invention  400  can be adapted for use in any data system where knowledge of the source of a message and knowledge of the content of the message need to be exclusive of each other, as will be discussed in detail later. 
     As shown in  FIGS. 1A-1B , a viewership behavior analysis system (referred to as TPAS-television programming analysis system-in U.S. Pat. No. 6,289,514) identifies television programming, identifies and captures consumer behavior as regards such programming and provides a near-real time reporting of that information to interested parties (e.g., advertisers, television network programmers etc.), hereinafter generally-referred to throughout this Specification as “viewership behavior analysis entities.” Television programming content is delivered to and viewable by consumers using such devices (hereinafter referred to as “sources 1” ( FIG. 1B ), the reason for which will be discussed shortly) as televisions, set top boxes, digital cable-ready set top boxes, cell phones, PDAs (personal digital assistants), computers and other similar devices having display screens that allow the user to receive and view television content from a cable television system to which these devices are connected. Where the source  1  is a cell phone, PDA, etc., a “pod”  2  (e.g., a memory chip such as a smart card, flash memory card, etc.) is inserted into the source  1 . The pod  2  allows the source  1  to receive television programming content and also comprises a unique source ID. Thus, when the consumer obtains cable service from the cable system operator, the cable system operator issues the pod  2  to the user once all of the consumer information is obtained. Where the source  1  is a set top box (STB) or television, the pod  2  is not required. 
     Each source  1  contains an application program that “observes events” (e.g., channel change, volume level change, etc.) and which then generates a message regarding the event; as a result, each source  1  is a “source” of the event message and hence the label “source 1” is given to each of these devices. Where the source  1  uses a pod  2 , it is the pod  2  that contains the application program. 
     In addition, each source  1  is assumed to have a unique ID, such as a serial number (and, as mentioned earlier, where the pod  2  is used, it is the pod  2  that contains the unique ID). That unique ID value is included in every message (e.g., an “event” message) that originates from the source  1  and is ultimately transmitted to an analysis processing function. 
     Although the analysis processing function does not form any part of the present invention, it should be understood that since the source  1  can include any of the aforementioned devices, not just set top boxes (STBs), the analysis processing functions shown in  FIGS. 1A-1B  have replaced the “STB” designator with “viewing” or “source”, i.e., STB event dispatcher, STB event audience tracking sampler, STB event aggregator, STB service request router, Set Top Box ID database, STB aggregate data and STB event count propagator of  FIGS. 1A-1B  of U.S. Pat. No. 6,289,514 are now viewing event dispatcher, viewing event audience tracking sampler, viewing event aggregator, viewing service request router, source ID database, viewing aggregate data and viewing event count propagator in the present application but they are functionally the same as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,289,514. 
     It is with particular regard to the conveyance of the message from the source  1  to the viewing event dispatcher  209  that the present invention  400  pertains. As a result, the viewership behavior analysis system will not be discussed in any further detail. 
     As shown in  FIG. 2 , the communication path  305 / 305 A between the source  1  of the message, server  410  (which will be discussed in detail below) and the viewing event dispatcher  209  may comprise any well-known communication media, such as but not limited to a cable television system, Internet, wireless communication means, wide-area network (WAN), etc. Where the source  1  is a cell phone, PDA, computer, etc., and the where the pod  2  is used, the communication path  305  can be used. Alternatively, where a STB or cable-ready television is used, the cable system itself, i.e., communication path  305 A (including the two-way cable system  302 /cable head end  301 ) can be used. There are many various ways of implementing the communication path  305  between the source  1 , server  410  and the viewing event dispatcher  209 . Thus, it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited by how the source  1  of the message communicates with or to the server  410  nor how the server  410  communicates with or to the viewing event dispatcher  209 . 
     Once the source  1  issues the message M over the communication path  305 / 305 A, the message M arrives at the server  410 , which comprises the present invention  400 . As shown in  FIG. 3 , the server  410  is secured at location  412  that is under the control of the cable system operator, or managed by an associated entity (e.g., a subcontractor) of the cable system operator (this associated entity hereinafter referred to throughout this Specification as “agent” implying an “agent of the cable system operator”); the important feature of the secure location  412  is that the viewership behavior analysis entity has no control/access to that location  412  on its own. Access to the server  410  (which is owned and operated by the entity that conducts the viewership behavior analysis) is password protected and “locked down.” The cable system operator does not have the password and therefore cannot access the server  410 . The entity that conducts the viewership behavior analysis, for whom the event message M is destined, has the password but cannot gain access into the secure location  412  (inside which the server  410  is located) without cable system operator/agent supervision. Although various physical lock/key schemes can be used at the secure location  412 , such as that used with safety deposit boxes at financial institutions (where the box owner has one key and the financial institution has another key, both of which are necessary to gain access to the box), the important feature is that no one except the viewership behavior analysis system entity can gain access to the server  410  itself. The importance of this secure feature will be discussed below. 
     As shown in  FIG. 4 , an internal message generator MG (e.g., the third party application disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,289,514) of the source  1  (e.g., a STB) creates the “event message” M (when the television event occurs) which includes the identification number (ID) of the source  1  embedded therein. Message M is then inputted to a first encryption process EP 1  which encrypts the television event message M, referred to as message EM 1 , but does not obscure the ID of the source  1 ; thus the source  1  transmits the message EM 1  over the communication path  305 / 305 A. In this format, the cable system operator has the ability to identify the source of the message EM 1  but is unable to know the content of the message EM 1 . 
     When message EM 1  is transmitted over the communication path  305 / 305 A, it arrives at the server  410  where a first decryption process DP 1  operates on the message EM 1  to decrypt the message into decrypted message DM 1 . At this point, source  1  data which the cable company has previously obtained (e.g., zip code of the source  1 , network segment, and other demographic information such as cluster codes, etc.) are inserted into the decrypted message DM 1  (see  FIG. 5 ). 
     The decrypted message DM 1  is then sent to an anonymous ID (AID) process  420 . Basically, in the AID process  420 , the unique source ID value is extracted from the decrypted message DM 1  and replaced with an anonymous ID. The AID that replaces the unique ID for the source  1  is consistent for every subsequent message for that unique source ID and is unduplicated across all other unique source IDs. In other words, once the AID is generated for a particular source  1 , that same AID is used for subsequent messages corresponding to that particular source  1 . However, the AID cannot be traced back to the actual source  1  by matching against cable customer records. The result is that the content of the message M initiated by the consumer&#39;s source  1  cannot be known by the cable operator even though the message may pass through the cable operator&#39;s systems (e.g., path  305 A) or components (e.g. pod  2 ) and the cable system operator has the ability to identify the originating source  1 ; on the other hand, although the viewing event dispatcher  209  can determine the content of the message, the viewing event dispatcher  209  cannot, in any way, determine the identity of the originating source  1 . 
     Subsequent messages having the AID are grouped based on the AID as having been initiated by a single source  1 . More importantly, that process cannot use the AID to reverse engineer the AID back into the original unique source ID. Thus, the object of the present invention  400  protects the contents of the messages from others during its travel to the final destination. 
     The AID is created by utilizing a mathematically-based mechanism as opposed to a secured “look-up” or “cross-reference” type of mechanism (e.g., a secured database that cross-references the identity to a pseudonym). One example of such a mathematically-based mechanism that processing the unique source ID comprises using a combination of a proprietary character string and a portion of the unique source ID as a “seed” (i.e., an initial value). For example, if the unique source ID number is 12345678, the AID process  420  may extract the portion “4567” to form the seed and then using a mathematical hash to mix this portion with, again for example, the entire number “12345678” to generate the AID. Thus, each time the server receives the message EM 1  from a particular source  1  and decrypts message EM 1  into message DM 1 , the AID process extracts the same portion from the unique source ID number and then applies the mathematical hash to generate the same AID for each message subsequent that originates from that same source  1  and embed it in the message. The result is a unique and consistent AID. The created AID replaces the unique source ID in the decrypted message DM 1 . 
     Next, decrypted message DM 1  is then fed through a second encryption process EP 2  to form a second encrypted message EM 2  that includes the AID. Message EM 2  is then sent out on another communication path  307  (which also may comprise any well-known communication media, such as but not limited to a cable television system, Internet, wireless communication means, wide-area network (WAN), etc.) to the viewing event dispatcher  209 . The viewing event dispatcher  209  comprises a second decryption process DP 2  that decrypts the message into decrypted message DM 2  and permits the viewing event dispatcher  209  to determine onto which destination it should send the decrypted message DM 2 ; however, the decrypted message DM 2  still comprises the AID, thereby preventing the viewing event dispatcher  209 , as well as any other downstream processing, from ever determining which source  1  the message M originated from. 
       FIG. 5  is a flow diagram of the software of the present invention. In particular, in step  450  the server receives the encrypted message EM 1 . In step  452 , the server activates the first decryption process DP 1  to generate decrypted message DM 1 . In step  456 , the software combines the cable company source  1  data from step  454  with the decrypted message DM 1 . Step  458  comprises the generation of the non-reversible AID, as discussed previously. In step  460 , the unique source ID is replaced with the AID. Next, in step  462 , the software then activates the second encryption process EP 2  to generate the second encrypted message EM 2 . Finally, in step  464 , the software transmits the encrypted message EM 2  over the communication path  307  to the viewing event dispatcher  209 . 
     As can be appreciated by the foregoing, all of these processes are automatic and do not require the intervention of the viewer from whose set top box the message M originates. 
     One example of the encryption and decryption algorithms that can be used in the present invention are those such as Kerberos Authentication encryption available from Massachusetts Institute of Technology at www.mit.edu/kerberos/www. 
     While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific examples thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.