Abstract:
A construction machine for the treatment of ground surfaces includes a machine frame, a drive motor, a work drum supported from the machine frame and including exchangeable tools fastened to the work drum, a belt drive and an auxiliary drive. The belt drive includes a motor-side pulley connected to the drive motor, a drum-side pulley connected to the work drum, and at least one drive belt connecting the motor-side pulley to the drum-side pulley. The auxiliary drive may be permanently coupled to the belt drive, or the auxiliary drive may include an adjustment mechanism for moving the auxiliary drive between a coupled and an uncoupled position.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/041,509 filed Mar. 7, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/638,035, filed Dec. 15, 2009, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/312,622, which is the U.S. national stage of PCT/EP01/05337 filed May 10, 2001, which claims priority from DE 100 31 195.4 filed Jun. 27, 2000. The present application claims priority to each of the noted applications. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The invention relates to a construction machine for the treatment of ground surfaces. 
         [0003]    Construction machines of this type, e.g. large-sized milling devices or cold milling devices, comprise a machine frame having supported therein a milling drum extending transversely to the moving path to be treated. The machine frame further accommodates the milling-drum drive unit and is supported, in a manner allowing for height adjustment, by a plurality of track assemblies arranged before and behind the milling drum. 
         [0004]    Such large-sized milling device and cold milling devices, or recyclers, are used for the milling of road surfaces, e.g. on highways or country roads. The milling drums have their outer surfaces equipped with exchangeable tools. In case of extremely hard road surfaces, it may happen that the tools have a service life as brief as only half an hour and that all of the tools of the milling drum have to be replaced thereafter. For this purpose, the chassis or the milling drum is arranged to be lifted until the milling drum is not in contact with the ground surface anymore. After swinging away a housing member of the roller housing, an operating person can perform the exchanging of the tools. In such construction machines with mechanical drive, the milling drum has to be rotated from time to time to allow the exchange of the tools. This rotation can be carried out by hand, which, however, requires considerable forces. It is also known to rotate the work or milling drum by means of a hand-operated crank, with the crank being coupled to a reduction gear of the milling drum. Since the crank can be arranged only on the outer side of the machine, the tool-exchanging process will ultimately require two operating persons. 
         [0005]    Rotating the work or milling drum by use of the drive motor is excluded for safety reasons. Besides, the work roller is to be advanced only by a small rotational angle so that the next row of tools can be exchanged. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    It is an object of the invention to improve a construction machine of the initially mentioned type in such a manner that an exchange of the tools can be performed with reduced expenditure in personnel and time and with a reduced risk of accidents. 
         [0007]    According to the invention, it is advantageously provided that an auxiliary drive can be coupled to the drive line to rotate the work roller in its raised condition by a predetermined or selectable rotational angle, the torque of the auxiliary drive being higher than the moment of inertia of the work roller and of that part of the drive line which is moved along with the work roller. 
         [0008]    The auxiliary drive, each time it is actuated, will rotate the work roller by a small rotational angle to bring not yet exchanged tools into a more convenient mounting position. The torque of the auxiliary drive is slightly higher than the moment of inertia of the work roller and of the drive line moving along with the latter, thus allowing a rotational movement while keeping the risk of accidents as low as possible. During this period, the drive motor for the work roller is out of operation or decoupled. 
         [0009]    The invention makes it advantageously possible to reduce the required time for the exchange of tools because the auxiliary drive can be actuated by the operating person at the site of work roller. The feature that the auxiliary drive will drive the work roller with low power, nearly completely excludes the danger of accidents caused by the possibility that parts of the clothes of the operating person might get caught in the tools of the work roller during rotation of the latter. Since the torque of the auxiliary drive is just high enough to allow for a rotational movement of the work roller with about 3 rpm, the motor of the auxiliary drive can be quickly stopped in case that higher forces should occur on the work roller. Further, the auxiliary drive is arranged to stop automatically after about 4 seconds subsequent to each activation. 
         [0010]    Preferably, it is provided that the transmission arranged between the work motor and the work roller comprises a belt drive with at least two pulleys and at least one drive belt, and that the auxiliary drive can be coupled to the belt drive. In a belt drive, the auxiliary drive can be advantageously coupled in such a manner that no enlargement of the width of the construction machine is required. Notably, the auxiliary drive can be accommodated within the housing of the belt drive so that the construction machine need not have a larger width. 
         [0011]    It can be provided that the motor-side pulley of the belt drive can be decoupled from the drive motor by means of a coupling unit. In this manner, the flux of force between the drive motor and the work roller can be reliably interrupted. 
         [0012]    In the preferred embodiment, it is provided that the auxiliary drive can be coupled to the belt drive via a friction roller. 
         [0013]    In this arrangement, the friction roller can be arranged to be coupled to the drum-side pulley. The use of a friction roller further offers the advantage that the torque which can be transmitted is limited. If there is a too high moment of resistance, e.g. in case of a blockade of the work drum, the friction roller will slip, thus considerably reducing the risk of accidents because no high forces can occur during the rotation of the work drum. This is of importance e.g. if pieces of clothing of the operating person get caught on the tools of the work drum while the drum is rotated. 
         [0014]    By way of alternative, the auxiliary drive can be coupled to the at least one drive belt. 
         [0015]    According to a further alternative, it can be provided that the auxiliary drive is coupled to the belt drive via a gear wheel. For instance, at least one drive belt of the belt drive can comprise a toothed belt engaging the gear wheel of the auxiliary drive. 
         [0016]    In a further exemplary embodiment, the drum-side pulley can comprise a gear wheel arranged to mesh with the gear wheel of the auxiliary drive. 
         [0017]    The belt drive preferably includes a tensioning roller which in the tensioned state of the at least one drive belt couples the drum-side pulley to the motor-side pulley, and in the released state decouples the pulleys from each other. 
         [0018]    Even if the motor-side pulley is provided to be decoupled through a coupling unit, the auxiliary drive can be provided for coupling with a tensioning roller of the belt drive. For this purpose, the tensioning roller can simultaneously function as a friction roller of the auxiliary drive acting onto the drive belts, or the friction roller is pressed against the tensioning roller to drive the same. 
         [0019]    In a further embodiment, a movable auxiliary drive can be coupled to the belt drive housing which is attached in a stationary manner to the machine frame, and a drive axis of the auxiliary drive can be coaxially coupled to the drum-side pulley through a recess formed in the drive belt housing. For this purpose, the pulley and the auxiliary drive and the respective parts of the housing comprise mutually adapted coupling elements. 
         [0020]    According to a further alternative, the auxiliary drive can be arranged to be coupled to the drive side of the coupling unit which is provided for decoupling the motor-side pulley from the drive motor. 
         [0021]    Preferably, the auxiliary drive comprises an electrically powered motor. Power can be fed to such a motor from a battery of a generator or from an additional supply unit and, when no power is supplied, the motor can be permanently coupled to the drive line in idle operation. 
         [0022]    Alternatively, use can be made of hydraulically or pneumatically operated motors for the auxiliary drive, which also allow for idle operation when provided with a control circuit. 
         [0023]    In a particularly preferred embodiment, the auxiliary drive is provided with a time control unit, wherein the auxiliary drive can be started via a remote control and the time control unit will determine the switch-on period of the motor. Each time the auxiliary drive is started, the work drum will be rotated by a predetermined but variably adjustable rotational angle. 
         [0024]    Preferably, the motor of the auxiliary drive can be switched on only in the switched-off condition of the drive motor for the work drum. 
         [0025]    Embodiments of the invention will be described in greater detail hereunder with reference to the drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0026]      FIG. 1  is a view of a large-sized milling device with belt drive for the work drum. 
           [0027]      FIG. 2  is a view of the drive line for the work drum. 
           [0028]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of the work drum. 
           [0029]      FIG. 4  is a view of a first embodiment of an auxiliary drive. 
           [0030]      FIG. 5  is a view of the embodiment according to  FIG. 4  in the decoupled state. 
           [0031]      FIG. 6  is a view of a second embodiment. 
           [0032]      FIG. 7  is a view of a third embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0033]    The construction machine  1  illustrated in  FIG. 1  is a large-sized milling device comprising a machine frame  4  supported by track assemblies  5  of a chassis  2  which is adjustable in height. Machine frame  4  is provided with a work drum  8 , arranged between the track assemblies  5  and supported on machine frame  4 , which work drum is equipped with tools  14  formed as milling bits for removing a road surface. The exchangeable tools  14  are arranged in a predetermined pattern on the outer surface  12  of work drum  8 . A drive line  18  is provided to drive the work drum  8 . Drive line  18  comprises at least one drive motor  6  as well as a belt drive  16  coupled to drive motor  6 . Belt drive  16  comprises a motor-side pulley  28  and a drum-side pulley  24  which are coupled to each other by at least one drive belt  30 . Drive belt  30  is preferably composed of V-belts. 
         [0034]      FIG. 2  shows the drive line comprising the drive motor  6  which can be coupled to a pump distributor drive system  7  arranged to have coupled thereto a plurality of different hydraulic drives for different functions of the construction machine. 
         [0035]    Drive motor  6  and pump distributor drive  7  can be coupled via a coupling unit  9  to the motor-side pulley  28 . Work drum  8  is supported in the walls of machine frame  4 . Work drum  8  can have a reduction gear  25  arranged internally thereof which reduces the rotational speed of the drum-side pulley  24  e.g. at a ratio of 1:20. Thus, work drum  8  can work at an operational rotational speed of about 100 rpm if the internal combustion engine is operated at a rotational speed of 2000 rpm and belt drive  16  has a speed transmission ratio of 1:1. 
         [0036]    At the end of their service life, the exchangeable tools  14  arranged on the outer surface  12  of work drum  8  must be replaced by new tools, which is performed by an operating person who, for this purpose, can open a lid  11  of the drum housing  13  to thus enter the working space behind work drum  8 . On the rear track assemblies  5  as seen in the moving direction, respectively one seat  27  is articulated for movement about vertical axes by two pivot arms  29 , 31  on side walls  15  of the track assemblies  5 , so that the seats  27  can be pivoted as desired in a horizontal plane. 
         [0037]    The operating person, while positioned on one of the seats  27 , can operate a remote control  33  for an auxiliary drive  20  to be coupled to the drive line  18 . 
         [0038]    In this arrangement, the work drum  8  is arranged in a raised position so that the tools  14  are out of engagement with the ground surface. By means of the auxiliary drive  20 , work drum  8  can be rotated by a predetermined rotational angle so that the next row of tools  14  can be brought into a convenient mounting position. 
         [0039]    The arrangement of the tools  14  on the outer surface  12  of work drum  8  is best seen in  FIG. 3 . Upon activation of auxiliary drive  20 , work drum  8  can be rotated by a specific angular degree or for a specific length of time. 
         [0040]    The torque of auxiliary drive  20  is higher than the moment of inertia of work drum  8  and drive line  18  in the switched-off or decoupled state of drive motor  6 . In this regard, the torque should be higher only by an amount sufficient to guarantee a rotating movement of work drum  8  which will not subject the operating person to the risk of an accident. For instance, it will be sufficient if the transmitted torque is by 10 to 30% higher than the moment of inertia of the work drum  8  and the part of the work line  178  which is moved along. 
         [0041]      FIG. 4  shows a first embodiment of an auxiliary drive  20  designed to be coupled to the belt drive  16 . As evident from  FIG. 4 , the drive belt  30  is arranged to circulate via the motor-side pulley  28 , via a tensioning roller  38  adapted to be pressed on by a tensioning means  35 , and via the drum-side pulley  24 . A friction roller  34  of auxiliary drive  20  can be pressed onto the drum-side pulley  4  by an adjustment means  37 , whereby the auxiliary drive  20  can transmit a torque to the drum-side pulley  24 . The friction roller  34  has the advantage that the torque which can be transmitted will be limited. In case of a blockade of work drum  8 , the friction roller  34  would ultimately slip on the pulley  24  so that the danger of an accident would be practically excluded. 
         [0042]      FIG. 5  shows the auxiliary drive  20  in a decoupled position in which the adjustment means  37 , comprising a piston/cylinder unit, has moved the friction roller  34  out of engagement. 
         [0043]      FIG. 6  shows a further embodiment wherein the auxiliary drive  20  comprises a gear wheel  39  instead of the friction roller  34 , which gear wheel engages an outer toothing  41  formed on the outer periphery of the pulley  24 . 
         [0044]    Further, as shown in  FIG. 7 , the auxiliary drive  20  with the gear wheel  39  can be coupled directly to a toothed belt of the drive belt  30 , it being sufficient then if one of the belts has a toothing formed thereon. In  FIG. 7 , for reasons of simplicity, the toothing of the toothed belt is shown only in the region of the gear wheel  39 . 
         [0045]    In a further embodiment, not shown in the drawing, it can be provided that the auxiliary drive is coupled to the drive side of the coupling  9  in  FIG. 2 . 
         [0046]    In a further embodiment, not shown in the drawing, it can be provided that a movable auxiliary drive  20  can be coupled to the drum-side pulley  24  coaxially to the rotational axis of pulley  24 , with the pulley  24  and the auxiliary drive  20  comprising mutually adapted and coaxial coupling elements. In this arrangement, the movable auxiliary drive can be supported on a belt drive housing enclosing the belt drive  16 , which housing is suited to have the auxiliary drive detachably fastened thereon. 
         [0047]    The motor of the auxiliary drive  20  of the above described embodiments preferably comprises an electric motor which can be powered by a generator, a battery or an additional supply unit. The electric motor has the advantage of allowing an idle operation without the need to decouple the auxiliary drive  20  from drive line  18 . In this case, the adjustment means  37  can be omitted and the auxiliary drive  20  can be permanently coupled to drive line  18 . 
         [0048]    Alternatively, the auxiliary drive can comprise a hydraulic or pneumatic drive which, however, for cases that the auxiliary drive  20  is not decoupled from the drive line  18 , must be provided with a control valve allowing for idle operation. 
         [0049]    The auxiliary drive  20  is provided with a control unit which can be activated via a remote control  33  and will control the switch-on period of the motor. In this regard it is advantageously provided that, upon each activation of the auxiliary drive by a remote-control switch, the preset maximum switch-on period and thus a predetermined maximum angular rotation of the work drum  14  will be maintained. 
         [0050]    If the actuation of the remote-control switch is stopped before the lapse of the maximum switch-on period of e.g. 4 seconds, the auxiliary drive  20  is stopped ahead of time. 
         [0051]    Preferably, the auxiliary drive  20  is provided with a safety circuit allowing the motor of the auxiliary drive  20  to be switched on only in the switched-out condition of drive motor  6 . 
         [0052]    Further, a safety circuit can be provided for stopping the auxiliary drive  20  if a predetermined maximum moment of resistance of work drum  8  is exceeded. 
         [0053]    The remote control  33  for the auxiliary drive is preferably located at the seat  27  for the operating person. 
         [0054]    The remote control  33  can also be provided with a magnetic foot and thus be attached as desired on metallic parts of construction machine  1  within reach of the operating person.