Abstract:
A torsion bar type torque sensor system is provided with the following: an elastic member that receives a torque and converts the torque to a torsion displacement; a multipolar ring magnet in which N poles and S poles are circumferentially and alternately magnetized; a pair of magnetic yoke halves disposed coaxially with the ring magnet; and a magnetometric sensor that detects magnetic flux generated between the pair of the magnetic yoke halves. The magnetometric sensor is made of a semiconductor that integrates a semiconductor magnetometric sensor, a non-volatile memory, a computation circuit, and an output circuit. This structure provides a torque sensor system that has an excellent maintainability.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is based on and incorporates herein by reference Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-38879 filed on Feb. 15, 2002. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an adjustment-circuit embedded semiconductor sensor and a torsion bar type torque sensor system that uses the adjustment-circuit embedded semiconductor sensor. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     A conventional torsion bar type torque sensor system uses a permanent magnet as a magnetic flux generator, so that residual magnetic flux density variation due to temperature variation adversely affects on sensitivity of a torque sensor. Deviation in a size, kind, and material characteristic of the permanent magnet results in fluctuation of the sensitivity and an offset value (zero point output) of the torque sensor. 
     The conventional torsion bar type torque sensor system is therefore equipped with a temperature sensor such as a thermistor around the permanent magnet. According to temperature detected by the temperature sensor, adjustment for the fluctuation is executed in a circuit outside the sensor. 
     However, the above method, so-called an external adjustment method, involves additional installment of a separated external adjustment circuit for the adjustment or enlargement of a control section of the torque sensor system when the adjustment circuit is added to the control section of the torque sensor system. This results in increasing a size and cost of the torque sensor system. Furthermore, replacement of the sensor part itself due to its breakdown invalidates previous adjustment data in the above adjustment circuit. This therefore poses replacement of the entire torque sensor system including the external adjustment circuit, which eventually increases cost in maintenance. The above problem occurs not only in the torsion bar type torque sensor system but also in a usual sensor system. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide an adjustment-circuit embedded semiconductor sensor and a torsion bar type torque sensor system that adopt the adjustment-circuit embedded semiconductor sensor. 
     To achieve the above and other objects, an output-adjustment embedded semiconductor sensor is provided with a plurality of sections, which are integrated in the sensor. Here, a detecting section detects at least either of a physical amount and a chemical amount as an electric amount. A thermal detecting section detects a temperature. A non-volatile rewritable memory section rewritably stores adjustment data to adjust an error of the detected electric amount. An adjustment computation section for outputting an adjusted signal after offset adjustment of the detected electric amount, sensitivity adjustment and temperature adjustment, based on the detected temperature and stored adjustment data. 
     Namely, the semiconductor sensor is formed of a monolithic one-chip IC including the above sections, so that it internally executes the offset adjustment, sensitivity adjustment and temperature adjustment. Breakdown of the sensor therefore involves only replacement of the sensor itself without any replacement nor additional adjustment of the external circuit, which results in simplifying maintenance of the sensor system. 
     It is preferable that the semiconductor sensor is further provided with an operation control section for externally receiving an operation command and subsequent adjustment data. Here, the operation control section writes the subsequent adjustment data in the non-volatile rewritable memory when the operation command is a writing command. This enables writing of the adjustment data to the non-volatile rewritable memory to be easy. 
     It is furthermore preferable that when the operation command is a writing-prohibiting command, the operation control section prohibits the writing of the subsequent adjustment data in the non-volatile rewritable memory. This prevents noise or other abnormal events from rewriting false adjustment data to the non-volatile rewritable memory. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description made with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is an axial section view of a torque sensor system according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a disassembled perspective view of the torque sensor system; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a magnetometric sensor IC of the torque sensor system; 
         FIG. 4  is a schematic block diagram of a lock section of the magnetometric sensor IC; 
         FIG. 5  is a block diagram of a magnetometric sensor IC according to a second embodiment; 
         FIG. 6  is a block diagram of a magnetometric sensor IC according to a third embodiment; and 
         FIG. 7  is a disassembled perspective view of a torque sensor system according to a fourth embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     (First Embodiment) 
     (Structure) 
     A torque sensor system as a first embodiment of the present invention is used for, e.g., electric power steering equipment. Referring to  FIG. 1 , the torque sensor system is disposed between an input shaft  2  and an output shaft  3 , both of which compose a steering shaft, detects steering torque applied to the steering shaft. 
     The input and output shafts  2 ,  3  are, relatively rotationally and torque-transmittably, combined by a torsion bar  4 . A ring magnet  5  is fixed by fitting it together with the edge of the input shaft  2 , while a magnetic yoke  6  is fixed to the edge of the output shaft  3 . 
     The circumferential area of the ring magnet  5  is magnetized in alternate poles at a predetermined circumferential pitch. The magnetic yoke  6  has two magnetic yoke halves  6 A,  6 B that are fixed coaxially with the output shaft  3  at a predetermined spacing. The magnetic yoke halves  6 A,  6 B, made of a soft magnetic member, are roughly L-shaped and roughly U-shaped, respectively, in an axial section as shown in FIG.  1 . They have teeth that surround the ring magnet  5 , at a predetermined gap relative to the circumference of the ring magnet  5 , and axially extend at a predetermined circumferential pitch. They also have circular ring plates that radially-outwardly extend from the bottom edges of the teeth, and cylinder hollows that axially extend from the circumferential edges of the circular ring plates. The teeth of the magnet yoke halves  6 A,  6 B are circumferentially and alternately disposed. Magnetic flux from N pole of the ring magnet  5  reaches S pole of the ring magnet  5  via a circuit. This circuit travels through teeth of one of the yoke halves  6 A,  6 B that radially-outwardly adjoins the N pole, the cylinder hollow of the one of the yoke halves  6 A,  6 B, the cylinder hollow of the other of the yoke halves  6 A,  6 B, and the teeth of the other of the yoke halves  6 A,  6 B. 
     A magnetometric sensor IC  7  is fixed in a stationary state within the axial spacing between the magnetic yoke halves  6 A,  6 B, for detecting the magnetic field variation in the spacing. Pins  8  are for fixing the torsion bar  4 . 
     In the above structure, application of torque to the input shaft  2  leads to torsion in the torsion bar  4 , so that the torque is transmitted to the output shaft  3 . Occurrence of relative rotational position difference (i.e., relatively rotated angle) between the ring magnet  5  and the magnetic yoke  6  causes variation in the magnetic flux density between the cylinder hollows of the magnetic yoke  6 . This variation of the magnetic flux density is externally outputted. 
     The magnetometric sensor (M sensor) IC  7  will be explained below, referring to FIG.  3 . The magnetometric sensor IC  7  that is integrated to one chip includes the following: three terminals of a voltage source terminal  7 A, a ground (GND) terminal  7 B, and an output terminal  7 C; a thermal detector  7 E for detecting temperature in a vicinity of the magnetometric sensor IC  7 ; an oscillator  7 F for providing reference clock to each section of the IC; a magnetometric sensor  7 G such as a hall element for detecting magnetic flux density; an analog/digital (A/D) converter section  7 H for converting output analog voltage of the magnetometric sensor  7 G to a digital value; a non-volatile memory  7 N for storing adjustment data, a computation section  7 I for computing adjustment of digital signals outputted from the A/D converter section  7 H based on data stored in the non-volatile memory  7 N; a digital/analog (D/A) converter section  7 J for reconvert, to analog voltage, the digital values of the computed result in the computation section  7 I; a buffer  7 K for externally outputting the reconverted analog voltage; a logic section  7 L for determining computing operation of the computation section  7 I based on power voltage applied to the voltage source terminal  7 A; and a lock section  7 M for disabling rewriting to the non-volatile memory  7 N based on the determination of the logic section  7 L. 
     The logic section  7 L detects voltage level applied to the voltage source terminal  7 A to determine whether the voltage level corresponds to usual measurement operation or writing operation in the non-volatile memory  7 N. When the writing operation is determined, the logic section  7 L digitalizes voltage variation of the voltage source terminal  7 A to obtain digital signals. The digital signals are written in the non-volatile memory  7 N through the lock section  7 M. The logic section  7 L has a comparator for determining the power voltage level. When the usual measurement operation is determined, the lock section  7 M commands prohibition of the writing in the non-volatile memory  7 N, based on a command from the logic section  7 M. 
     The computation section  7 I, the logic section  7 L, and the lock section  7 M are formed from well-known generalized circuitry. They are also obviously realized from usual hardware logic circuitry or microcomputer software, so that detail explanation about the circuitry is not described hereunder. 
     (Usual Detecting Operation) 
     A usual operation voltage (e.g., 5V) is applied to the voltage source terminal  7 A, so that each circuit of the magnetometric sensor IC  7  is supplied with necessary power (electric voltage, electric current). 
     The oscillator  7 F provides each circuit with pulse signals of a constant cycle as the reference clock. An analog voltage value of the magnetic flux density information outputted from the magnetometric sensor  7 G is converted by the A/D converter section  7 H to digital values to be transmitted to the computation section  7 I. A voltage value of temperature information outputted from the thermal detector  7 E is transmitted to the magnetometric sensor  7 G and the computation section  7 I. A measurement signal, indicating that a usual measurement should be executed at present, outputted from the logic section  7 L is transmitted to the computation section  7 I. The computation section  7 I, based on the above information and parameters stored in the non-volatile memory  7 N, adjusts the magnetic flux density information detected by the magnetometric sensor  7 G to digital information to transmit to the D/A converter section  7 J. The digital information is converted by the D/A converter section  7 J to analog voltage to externally transmit via the buffer  7 K. 
     (Non-Detecting Operation) 
     An unusual voltage (e.g., 6V and more) other than the usual operation voltage is applied to the voltage source terminal  7 A longer than a predetermined period, so that the logic section  7 L detects the unusual voltage to determine that a program mode is commanded. The logic section  7 L then reads out binarized voltage variation patterns (e.g., high-8V, low-6V) to determine an external command. The external command includes a rewriting command for rewriting the data stored in the non-volatile memory  7 N, a data-reading command for commanding the computation section  7 I to externally output the data stored in the non-volatile memory  7 N via the buffer  7 K, and a lock command for retaining the data stored in the non-volatile memory  7 N. When the logic section  7 L determines the lock command, it commands the lock section  7 M to prohibit rewriting of the non-volatile memory  7 N. The installment of the lock section  7 M prevents wrong rewriting in the non-volatile memory  7 N even when voltage variation due to an external disturbance is wrongly determined to be the rewriting command. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , the lock section  7 M is typically formed between an R/W terminal of the logic section  7 L and an R/W terminal of the non-volatile memory  7 N. The lock section  7 M includes a transfer gate or a MOS transistor  71  forming an inverter circuit, and a circuit for intermittently controlling the MOS transistor  71  based on a potential state inputted through a one-time writable non-volatile memory (PROM) such as a fuse ROM. When the logic section  7 L blows out the PROM to irreversibly turn off, the transfer gate is set to off to prohibit the logic section  7 L from writing in the non-volatile memory  7 N. By contrast, writing capability can be once again possible by other methods such as ultra-violet erasure other than the voltage signal method. 
     (Effect) 
     A conventional torque sensor system is controlled with a detecting signal of a torque sensor. The conventional torque sensor system is composed of the torque sensor, a torque sensor unit as a mechanical part, and an electronic control unit (ECU) that computes, with the output signal from the torque sensor unit, a control signal to output. Adjustment of a torque sensor characteristic is executed in the ECU by adjusting, before shipment of the system, an adjustment circuit attached to the ECU or by storing adjustment information in a non-volatile memory of the ECU. Breakdown of the above torque sensor unit involves entire replacement of the torque sensor system on site or additional adjustment in the ECU after the partial replacement. Breakdown of the ECU also involves the same procedures similar to that in the breakdown of the torque sensor unit. A lot of recovery work is therefore imposed to the above breakdown. 
     In the embodiment, the magnetometric sensor, constituting the torque sensor, has the integrated non-volatile memory and various processing circuits, so that offset adjustment, sensitivity adjustment, and temperature characteristic adjustment are executed within the torque sensor. When the torque sensor is broken, the recovery work involves only replacement of the broken torque sensor without adjustment in the ECU. This results in credibly decreasing time and cost of the recovery work. When the ECU is broken, only replacement of the ECU is involved without any additional adjustment in the replaced ECU. Decrease of components in the torque sensor leads to high reliability. Adjustment information can be modified and stored according to other system specifications, so that flexibility to various usages is enhanced. 
     (Second Embodiment) 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , in a second embodiment, a serial output section  70  is adopted for executing serial output of digital signals as substitution of the D/A converter section  7 J and buffer  7 K shown in FIG.  3 . 
     In this embodiment, adoption of the serial output can prevent several problems resulting from the analog voltage output such as an error from voltage reduction due to wiring resistance, and adverse effect from electro-magnetic noise. Additionally, in an ECU that receives the digital signal outputted from the serial output section  70 , adverse effect from high frequency noise is decreased through a low-pass filter without decreasing accuracy of the digital signals. 
     (Third Embodiment) 
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , in a third embodiment, an analog computation circuit  7 P is adopted as substitution of the computation section  7 I shown in FIG.  3 . The analog computation circuit  7 P is formed from various computation circuits using operational amplifiers for executing computation commanded by the logic section  7 L. Based on the substitution, an output signal is converted, by a D/A converter section  7 J, to analog voltage to output to the analog computation circuit  7 P. In this embodiment, adoption of the analog computation circuit  7 P leads to deletion of the A/D converter section  7 H shown in  FIG. 3 , so that simple circuitry and rapid computation are realized. 
     (Fourth Embodiment) 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , in a fourth embodiment, a pair of magnetism-collecting rings  9 A,  9 B is added. The pair of the magnetism-collecting rings  9 A,  9 B, made of a soft magnetic member, is for drawing to converge, to one point, magnetic flux that generates from a ring magnet  5  and passes between a pair of two magnetic yoke halves  6 A,  6 B. The magnetism-collecting rings  9 A,  9 B are fixed in stationary state at a predetermined narrow gap relative to circumferential edges of circular ring plates of the magnetic yoke halves  6 A,  6 B, respectively. The magnetism-collecting rings  9 A,  9 B have magnetism-collecting plates  9 C,  9 D, respectively. The magnetism-collecting plates  9 C,  9 D, made of a soft magnetic member, extend radially-outwardly at predetermined points while facing with each other with a predetermined axial spacing. The predetermined axial spacing between the plates  9 C,  9 D is much narrower than that between the rings  9 A,  9 B. The axial spacing between the rings  9 A,  9 B are set to be adequately large, while the magnetic yoke halves  6 A,  6 B have no cylinder hollows shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . 
     Under the above structure, the magnetic flux enter one of the magnetism-collecting rings  9 A,  9 B from adjoining one of the annular ring plates of the yokes  6 A,  6 B. It then proceeds to the other of the manetism-collecting ring  9 A,  9 B through the mutual plates  9 C,  9 D. It further proceeds to the other of the annular ring plates of the yokes  6 A,  6 B. Almost all the magnetic flux is therefore converged between the plates  9 C,  9 D, passing through a magnetometric sensor IC  7  that is disposed between the plates  9 C,  9 D. This structure enhances sensitivity of the torque sensor and reduces errors from axial displacement, in comparison with that of the first embodiment shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2 .