Abstract:
For a device for the amplitude-dependent absorption of shocks, especially of the wheel of a vehicle, with at least one working piston ( 3 ), which is disposed within an absorbing housing ( 1 ) and connected with a piston rod ( 2 ) and divides the absorbing housing ( 1 ) into two absorbing spaces ( 4, 5 ) and interacts with a hydraulic element, which is disposed in parallel for affecting small amplitudes and has a space ( 15 ) with a dividing element, the space ( 15 ) being tied in with hydraulic tie-ins with the absorbing spaces ( 4, 5 ), the greatest possible absence of wear and a soft response of the working piston are to be achieved. For this purpose, it is proposed that the dividing element consists of a foamed, elastic material.

Description:
The invention relates to a device for the amplitude-dependent absorption of shocks, especially of the wheel of a vehicle of the introductory portion of claim  1 . 
   As a rule, the magnitude of the absorption can be affected only by the resistances of the flow channels. On the other hand, a smaller absorption force would be desirable for small amplitudes and correspondingly higher absorption forces would be desirable for longer piston strokes. 
   The EP 1 152 155 A1 shows a shook absorber for wheels of a vehicle, which works together with an element for influencing small amplitudes of a vehicle wheel. Small amplitudes are affected by a membrane or a displaceable, fixed disk, which divides a separate space, this space being connected with the upper and/or the lower absorption space. 
   It is a disadvantage of this construction that pressure surges occur when the membrane or the fixed disk strikes against the bottom of the separate space. This leads to a rapid wear of the membrane or disk and, in extreme cases, can be disadvantageously noticeable even for the driver. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   It is an object of the invention to eliminate the above-described disadvantages and to create a device for the amplitude-dependent absorption of shocks, which is as free of wear as possible and enables a soft response of the working piston. 
   This objective is accomplished by the distinguishing features of claim  1 . Advantageous constructions and further developments are given in claims  2  to  14 . 
   Due to the inventive solution, which consists therein that the dividing element consists of a foamed, elastic material, the dividing element no longer strikes against one of the bottoms of the additional space. The space preferably is filled completely with the foamed, elastic material. As a result, the material lies in contact with all regions of the space from the very start. In the case of a one-sided overpressure, produced by small amplitudes, the foamed material is compressed only on one side. In the case of small amplitudes, however, these compressions are equalized out once again directly. Due to the relatively soft structure of the foamed material, the contacting after decompression has taken place is also very soft, the foamed material contacting the space to be filled in a rolling manner. Furthermore, advantageously, the desired absorption effect can be affected by the choice of foamed material without having to change the configuration of the space accommodating the foamed material. The adaptation of the material can be affected, on the one hand, by the choice of material, which is formed open pored or closed pored. On the other, there is much latitude with regard to selecting the compressibility in view of the desired properties of the inserted foam. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The object of the invention is described in greater detail in the following by means of an example and shown in the drawing, in which 
       FIG. 1  shows a section through the shock absorber in the region of the working piston, the equalizing element for affecting small amplitudes being disposed between the working piston and the end of the piston rod, 
       FIG. 2  shows a section similar to that of  FIG. 1 , for which the equalizing element is disposed below the working piston, 
       FIG. 3  shows a section through a shock absorber, for which two equalizing elements, which are separated from one another, are disposed in separate partial spaces and 
       FIG. 4  shows an embodiment of the invention, which is a modified version of that of  FIG. 3 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   In both Figures, a single-tube shock absorber is shown. However the invention is also suitable similarly for 2-tube shock absorbers. 
   As shown diagrammatically in the two Figures, the shock absorber has an absorber housing  1 , which is constructed closed off at one end and has an opening at the other, through which a piston rod  2 , to the end of which a working piston  3  is connected, dips in and out in an oscillating fashion. 
   The working piston  3  divides the space of the absorbing housing, which is filled with absorbing fluid, into two absorbing spaces  4 ,  5 . 
   The working piston  3  has openings  6 , which are covered, in each case, on one side by means of valve plates  7 ,  8 . Due to this construction, the openings  6  and the valve plates  7 ,  8  function in each case unilaterally as a check valve. As the piston rod  2  moves in the tension direction, that is, upwards in the Figures, the absorbing fluid is displaced from the upper absorbing space  4  and flows through the associated opening  6 , the valve plates  8  being raised from their seat. As the piston rod  2  moves downward, that is, in the compression direction, there is flow through the associated opening  6  from the lower absorbing space  5  into the upper absorbing space  4 , the valve plates  7  being raised. A seal  9  is provided around the working piston  3  in order to seal it from the absorber housing  1 . 
   In the case of the inventive absorber, the above-described absorbing process takes place only for large movement amplitudes of the piston rod  2  and, with that, of the working piston  3 . Movements of smaller amplitude are compensated for by an element, which is described below, without flow of the working piston  3  through the openings  6 . 
   In accordance with  FIG. 1 , this element is constructed as described below. The element has a housing  10 , which terminates at its upper end in a threaded ring  11 , which is bolted to the end  12  of the piston rod  2 , which is provided with a thread. The other end of the housing  10  is constructed with a neck  13 , to which the working piston  3  is fastened by means of a bolted connection having a nut  14 . Other types of fastening between the housing  10  and the piston rod  2 , such as welding, soldering or gluing, can be used, if such use is appropriate in the opinion of someone skilled in the art. 
   Within its housing  10 , the element has a space  15 , which is filled with a foamed, elastic material. Hydraulic tie-ins, which terminate in each case above or below the material disposed in the space  15 , connect the space  15  with the respective absorbing spaces  4 ,  5 . In  FIG. 1 , the hydraulic connections are transverse boreholes  16  through the housing  10  as well as a central longitudinal borehole  17  through the neck  13 . 
   When there is a slight pressure difference between the absorbing spaces  4  and  5 , the material in space  15  is compressed in each case on one side. If the material is open pored, the absorbing fluid can also flow through it to a slight extent. However, this is, if anything, more of a theoretical nature, since the working piston  3  assumes its absorbing activity as the pressure difference becomes greater. 
   In  FIG. 2 , a different type of construction of the absorbing element for affecting small amplitudes is shown. For this construction, the piston rod  2  is constructed with a neck  18  at the end  12  of the piston rod  2 , to which the working piston  3  is attached. A threaded end  19 , which is provided with an external thread, protrudes downward beyond the working piston  3 . The element is constructed here as a fastening nut  20  for fastening the working piston  3  to the end  12  of the piston rod  2 . The fastening nut  20  is constructed with a central space  15  for accommodating the foamed, elastic material. As hydraulic tie-in to the lower absorbing space  5 , this space  15  has a borehole  21 . The hydraulic tie-in to the upper absorbing space  4  is brought about by a central borehole  22  through the piston rod  2 , which is then connected over transverse boreholes  23  hydraulically with the upper absorbing space  4 . 
   The absorbing element, described in  FIG. 2 , acts in the same way as the absorbing element described above in connection with  FIG. 1 . 
     FIG. 3  shows an embodiment of the invention, for which the housing  10 , which encloses the space  15 , is constructed in two parts. A first part of the housing has a threaded neck  24 , which is bolted together with the end  12  of the piston rod  2 . At the end opposite to this threaded neck  24 , the first part of the housing has an internal thread, which is bolted together with a corresponding external thread of a second part of the housing. At its lower end, the second part of the housing has a neck  13 , to which the working piston  3  is fastened. A solid dividing disk  25  is disposed between the halves of the housing, between which it is held firmly clamped. This dividing disk divides the space  15  into two partial spaces  15   a  and  15   b , each partial space accommodating a separate dividing element. By means of such an arrangement, it is achieved that the dividing element, which is the upper one in  FIG. 3 , interacts exclusively with the absorbing space  4 , whereas the lower dividing element interacts only with the absorbing space  5 . The dividing elements of both partial spaces are each supported on the solid dividing disk  25 . The upper partial space  15   a , shown in  FIG. 3 , is tied in hydraulically with the absorbing space  4  over the transverse boreholes  16 . The lower partial space  15   b , shown in  FIG. 3 , is tied in hydraulically over a longitudinal borehole  17 , which extends through the neck  13 , with the absorbing space  5 . 
   When the shock absorbers rebound, the pressure is passed on over the transverse boreholes  16  to the compressible element in the partial space  15   a . The other compressible element remains unaffected. In the reverse movement, the other elastomer in the partial space  15   b  is acted upon through the longitudinal borehole  17  and the elastomer in the partial space  15   a  remains unaffected. For such an arrangement, different materials can be used for the separate dividing elements. This is advantageous especially for single-tube absorbers, for example, because the requirements, which are to be met by the dividing element interacting with the pressure stage, can fluctuate greatly depending on whether the single-tube absorber is or is not equipped with a bottom valve. In general, the separate arrangement of dividing elements in the individual partial spaces  15   a ,  15   b  offers the possibility of adapting the properties of the dividing elements to the requirements of the respective absorbing tasks. 
   An embodiment of the invention, which is similar to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 , is represented in  FIG. 4 . Contrary to  FIG. 3 , the space  15 , accommodating the dividing element in  FIG. 4 , is disposed in the interior of the piston rod. At the end of the piston rod, a neck  13  is provided, to which the working piston  3  is fastened. 
   A pot-shaped element  26 , that is, an element, which has a disk-shaped bottom and a hollow cylindrical shoulder  28 , is provided as dividing disk for the embodiment of  FIG. 4 . In the case of the installed position, shown in  FIG. 4 , this pot-shaped element  26  is pressed in to the interior space of the piston rod  2 , so that this element is held axially stationary in the piston rod by a press fit. Sealing of the absorption spaces  4 ,  5  is ensured by an O-ring  27 , which is inserted into an appropriate groove in the pot-shaped element. 
   An insert  29 , which supports the dividing element disposed in the partial space  15   a , is inserted in the hollow piston rod  2 . Accordingly, the space  15  is enclosed by the insert  29  as well as the inner walls of the hollow piston rod  2 . The space  15  once again is divided into two partial spaces  15   a ,  15   b  by the pot-shaped element  26 . The partial space  15   a , which is the upper partial space in  FIG. 4 , accommodates a first dividing element and is operatively connected over a transverse borehole  16  with the absorbing space  4 . On the other hand, the partial space  15   b , which is the lower partial space in  FIG. 4 , is operatively connected over the longitudinal borehole  17 , which extends through the neck  13 , with the absorbing space  5 . The dividing element, which is disposed in the partial space  15   b , is supported axially by the pot-shaped element  26 , which is held axially stationary, and by the inner wall of the piston rod  2 . The dividing element, disposed in the partial space  15   a , is supported in the axial direction by the insert  29  and the pot-shaped element  26 , which is held stationary axially. 
   It is obvious to someone skilled in the art that the pot-shaped element  26  can be fixed to be stationary in the interior of the piston rod in various ways. The possibility, named above, of pressing the pot-shaped element over a press fit into the piston rod is only one possibility for fixing this element locally. It is equally possible to achieve the local fixation of this element, for example, by retaining rings or by gluing. 
   The mode of functioning of the embodiment of the invention, shown in  FIG. 4 , corresponds to that described in connection with  FIG. 3  above. 
   LIST OF REFERENCES SYMBOLS 
   
       
         1 . Absorber housing 
         2 . Piston rod 
         3 . Working piston 
         4 . Absorbing space 
         5 . Absorbing space 
         6 . Opening 
         7 . Valve disk 
         8 . Valve disk 
         9 . Seal 
         10 . Housing 
         11 . Threaded ring 
         12 . End 
         13 . Neck 
         14 . Nut 
         15 . Space 
         15   a . Partial space 
         15   b . Partial space 
         16 . Transverse boreholes 
         17 . Longitudinal borehole 
         18 . Neck 
         19 . Threaded end 
         20 . Fastening nut 
         21 . Borehole 
         22 . Borehole 
         23 . Transverse borehole 
         24 . Threaded neck 
         25 . Dividing disk 
         26 . Pot-shaped element 
         27 . O-ring 
         28 . Shoulder 
         29 . Insert