Abstract:
One embodiment of the present invention relates to a system that provides a high frequency local oscillator (LO) signal. The system comprises a first LO that generates a first frequency LO signal component, a mixer that generates a difference signal from the first frequency LO signal component and a second frequency LO signal component, and a second LO that generates the second frequency LO signal component that is a harmonic of the difference signal.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates generally to electronic circuits, and specifically to systems and methods for generating a high frequency local oscillator signal. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    In many applications it is desirable to provide a high frequency (e.g., greater than 40 GHz) local oscillator (LO) signal, for example, as a clock signal. However, when generating a substantially high frequency LO signal, it is impractical to employ a single LO that directly generates the substantially high LO signal. Therefore, multipliers, dividers, mixers and filters are employed to provide such high frequency LO signals. The multipliers, dividers, mixers and filters upconvert LO signals, downconvert LO signals, mix the upconverted and downconverted signals sand filter out the unwanted components that result from the mixing of the LO signals. 
         [0003]      FIG. 1  illustrates an example prior art system  10  for providing a substantially high frequency LO signal. In the example prior art system  10 , a 63 GHz LO signal is generated employing a LO  12  that generates an 18 GHz signal. The 18 GHz signal is multiplied three times by a 3-times multiplier  14  to generate a 54 GHz signal. The 18 GHz signal is also divided by two by a divide-by-two divider  16  to generate a 9 GHz signal. The 9 GHZ signal is divided by N by a divide-by-N divider  18  to generate a reference signal, where N is an integer that is greater than one. The reference signal is employed by a phase lock loop (PLL) circuit  20  to correct for errors in the generation of the 18 GHz signal. The 54 GHz signal component is mixed with the 9 GHz signal component via a mixer  22  to produce a 63 GHz signal. The mixing of the two signal components also produces a 45 GHz image signal. Due to the fact that the image signal frequency and the signal frequency are relatively close together (i.e., produce a signal to image frequency of about 1.4), a relatively expensive RF filter  24  needs to be employed for image rejection and to produce an accurate 63 GHz signal. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    In an aspect of the present invention, a system provides a high frequency local oscillator (LO) signal. The system comprises a first LO that generates a first frequency LO signal component, a mixer that generates a difference signal from the first frequency LO signal component and a second frequency LO signal component, and a second LO that generates the second frequency LO signal component that is a harmonic of the difference signal. 
         [0005]    In another aspect of the present invention, a system provides a high frequency LO signal. The system comprises a first LO that generates a first frequency LO signal component, a second LO that generates a second frequency LO signal component that is a harmonic of another signal wherein the first frequency LO signal component and the second LO signal component are selected to provide a relatively high frequency LO signal to image signal ratio. The system further comprises a mixer that generates the high frequency LO signal from the first frequency LO signal component and the second frequency LO signal component. 
         [0006]    In yet another aspect of the invention, a method provides a high frequency LO signal. The method comprises generating a first frequency LO signal component, generating a second frequency LO signal component and generating a difference signal from the first frequency LO signal component and the second frequency LO signal component, wherein the second frequency LO signal component is a harmonic of the difference signal. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0007]      FIG. 1  illustrates a prior art example of a system for providing a high frequency LO signal. 
           [0008]      FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a system for providing a high frequency LO signal in accordance with an aspect of the invention. 
           [0009]      FIG. 3  illustrates another example of a system for providing a high frequency LO signal in accordance with an aspect of the invention. 
           [0010]      FIG. 4  illustrates an example of a method for providing a high frequency LO signal in accordance with an aspect of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0011]      FIG. 2  illustrates an example of a system  30  for providing a substantially high frequency (e.g., greater than 40 GHz) LO signal in accordance with an aspect of the invention. The system  30  includes a LO  32  that generates a first frequency LO signal component F 1 . The first frequency LO signal component F 1  is mixed with a second frequency LO signal component F 2  to generate a substantially high frequency LO signal F H =F 1 +F 2 . The first frequency LO signal component F 1  is also mixed with the second frequency LO signal component F 2  to generate a difference signal F D , such that F D =F 1 -F 2 . The difference signal F D  is provided to a slicer  36 , which generates a plurality of harmonics of the difference signal F D . The output of the slicer  36  provides the difference signal F D  to a divide-by-M divider  40  to divide the difference signal and to generate a reference signal, where M is an integer that is greater than one. The reference signal is employed by a phase lock loop (PLL) circuit  42  to ensure the difference F D  between the first and second frequency LO signal components F 1  and F 2  is locked and to correct for errors in the generation of the first frequency LO signal component F 1 . 
         [0012]    An Nth harmonic filter  58  filters out all but one of the harmonics N and injection locks the second frequency LO signal component F 2 , such that F 2 =N*F D , where N is an integer greater than or equal to one. The slicer  36  and the Nth harmonic filter  38  form a second LO  48 . The first and second frequency LO signal components F 1  and F 2  are selected close together to provide a relatively small difference signal F D , such that the ratio of the substantially high frequency LO signal to image signal is relatively high (e.g., greater than 5). Therefore, an ordinary inexpensive LC tank filter  46  coupled to the output of the first mixer  44  is sufficient to reject the image frequency generated by the mixing of the first and second frequency LO signal components F 1  and F 2 . Furthermore, based on the above equations and simple substitution and a known desired F H  and F D , one can solve for N to determine a desired harmonic of F D  to generate F 2  based on the following equations: 
         [0000]        F   2   =N*F   D   EQ. 1
 
         [0000]        F   1   −F   2   =F   D   EQ. 2 so that
 
         [0000]        F   1   =F   D   +F   2   EQ. 3 and substituting for  F   2 :
 
         [0000]        F   1 =( N+ 1)* F   D   EQ. 4 and
 
         [0000]        F   H   =F   1   +F   2   EQ. 5 and substituting for  F   1  and  F   2 :
 
         [0000]        F   H =( N+ 1)*F D   +N*F   D   EQ. 6, which can be written as:
 
         [0000]        F   H   =F   D *(2 N+ 1)  EQ. 7
 
         [0013]    For example, if one desires to obtain a frequency of 63 GHz for F H  employing a difference frequency F D  of 9 GHz, then N would be equal to three such that the 3 rd  Harmonic of the difference frequency F D  of 27 GHz would be employed to generate second frequency LO signal component F 2 . 
         [0014]      FIG. 3  illustrates an example of a system  50  for providing a 63 GHz frequency LO signal in accordance with an aspect of the invention. The system  50  includes a LO  52  that generates a first frequency LO signal component of 36 GHz. The first frequency LO signal component of 36 GHz is mixed via a mixer  64  with a second frequency LO signal component of 27 GHz to generate the 63 GHz frequency LO signal. The first frequency LO signal component of 36 GHz is also mixed via a mixer  54  with the second frequency LO signal component of 27 GHz to generate a difference signal of 9 GHz. The difference signal of 9 GHz is provided to a slicer  56 , which generates a plurality of harmonics of the 9 GHz difference signal. The output of the slicer  56  provides the 9 GHz difference signal to a divide-by-K divider  60  to divide the difference signal and to generate a reference signal, where K is an integer that is greater than one. The reference signal is employed by a phase lock loop (PLL) circuit  62  to ensure the difference between the first and second frequency LO signal components of 36 GHz and 27 GHz is locked and/or to correct for errors in the generation of the first frequency LO signal component of 36 GHz. A 3rd harmonic filter  58  filters out all but one of the harmonics and injection locks the second frequency LO signal component to 27 GHz. The slicer  56  and the Nth harmonic filter  58  form a second LO  68 . The first and second frequency LO signal components are close together to provide a relatively small difference signal of 9 GHz such that the ratio of the substantially high frequency LO signal to image signal is 7. Therefore, an ordinary inexpensive LC tank filter  66  coupled to the output of the mixer  66  is sufficient to reject the image frequency generated by the mixing of the first and second frequency LO signal components of 36 GHz and 27 GHz. 
         [0015]    In view of the foregoing structural and functional features described above, certain methods will be better appreciated with reference to  FIG. 4 . It is to be understood and appreciated that the illustrated actions, in other embodiments, may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other actions. Moreover, not all illustrated features may be required to implement a method. 
         [0016]      FIG. 4  illustrates an example of a method  70  for providing a high frequency LO signal in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. The method  70  begins at  72  where a first frequency LO signal component is generated, for example, via a LO. At  74 , a second frequency LO signal component is generated, for example, as a harmonic of a difference signal. At  76 , the difference signal of the first and second frequency LO signal components is generated, for example, via a mixer. At  78 , harmonics of the difference signal is generated, for example, via a slicer. At  80 , a desired harmonic of the difference signal is selected to provide the second frequency LO signal, for example, via a harmonic filter. At  82 , the high frequency LO signal is generated from the first and second frequency LO signal components, for example, via a mixer. 
         [0017]    What have been described above are examples of the invention. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or method for purposes of describing the invention, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the invention are possible. Accordingly, the invention is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of this application, including the appended claims.