Abstract:
A spinning reel has a level wind system wherein a slot is formed in the crosswind block. A lobe is carried on a crosswind gear. The surfaces of the lobe interact with the surfaces in the block. There are three curved surfaces on the lobe and four working surfaces in the block.

Description:
This application is a continuation of my prior application Ser. No. 10/302,637, filed Nov. 21, 2002, now abandoned entitled “Uniform oscillation system”, which was a continuation-in-part of my prior provisional patent application, Ser. No. 60/343,441, filed Dec. 31, 2001; and incorporates both of those applications herein as if fully set forth. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Technical Field 
   This invention relates to fishing reels and particularly to a method and means of uniformly winding fishing line on to spinning reels. 
   2. Description of the Art 
   All spinning reels require some form of spool oscillation system that enables the spool to move back and forth as fishing line is being retrieved. Without this oscillation, the line would accumulate on the spool very unevenly. This is cosmetically and functionally undesirable. 
   Prior art  FIG. 1 , shows an exploded view of parts of a fishing reel as disclosed in FIG. 3 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,394,379, issued May 28, 2002, entitled “Spinning reel with uniform velocity spool”. The fishing reel includes an oscillating assembly including a rotating oscillating member having a cam that slides along a working surface 86 in continuous engagement with the surface of a recessed area throughout rotation of an oscillating member  66  to produce an oscillation movement of a slider  68  coupled to the main shaft. See &#39;379 patent, FIGS. 7 and 9 and column 7, lines 14 to 18 and column 8, lines 9–14. 
   In accordance with this patent, the figure-8 configuration of the recessed area in the slider  68  produces substantially uniform speed in the axial direction of main shaft  56  by rotation of oscillating member  66  at a constant speed. &#39;379 patent, column 8, lines 46 et seq. Accordingly, this patent teaches a single cam roller surface on a figure-8 track. 
   Performance problems resulting from uneven line lay are: (1) casting distance is adversely affected and (2) drag release (while fighting a fish) will not be as smooth. A uniform oscillation system allows the line to be laid flat on the spool and, as a result, corrects these problems. 
   In addition to producing uniform line lay, a good oscillation system should be durable (for reliability), simple (for low cost) and compact (to keep the reel small). Generally, there are two types of systems in use. The first, a crosswind gear and block type, is durable, simple and compact. However, the line lay is only somewhat uniform, and not flat across the length of the spool. The second, the worm type, does give a flat line lay, but it is not durable and simple because there are more parts in the mechanism. Thus, currently, there is a need for a system which meets all of these criteria. 
   In the prior art, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,170,773, 5,012,990 and 6,000,653 show elliptical grooves. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,489 discloses a stud with an elliptical-shaped cross-section. In one embodiment, there is a Z-shaped groove. 
   Italian reference number 694177, Sep. 3, 1965, discloses a Z-shaped groove which has straight sections as well as sharp breaks between sections. 
   A number of references show S-shaped grooves, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,350,131 and 6,264,125. The latter has one straight leg in the groove as well as curved sections. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 3,367,597 shows a V-shape in the groove as well as an irregular shape in both the stud and the groove. 
   U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,990,130 and 3,055,607 disclose planetary gear systems with rounded gear teeth. 
   U.S. Pat. No. 3,119,573 discloses an eccentric system including an eccentric curved captive cam groove or path (see  FIG. 2 ). 
   U.S. Pat. No. 5,513,814 shows a crank pin, eccentrically mounted on a satellite wheel. 
   U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,948,465, 4,196,869 and Japanese reference 154543 (1994) all show straight grooves with studs having circular cross-sections. 
   U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,678,780, 5,941,470, 5,934,586, 4,618,107, 4,865,262 and 3,436,033 all show worm or helix gears with sliders, that is, eccentric crank pins engaging them. 
   It is my understanding that these all produce non-regular accumulations; particularly at the ends of the spool. 
   DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION 
   Summary of the Invention 
   My invention is a fishing reel with an improved uniform oscillation system that has all the benefits of being durable, simple and compact, while also producing a line lay that is comparable to more complicated systems. This is accomplished by making improvements to the crosswind gear and block type system. These modifications allow the block to travel at a more uniform speed throughout the entire oscillation cycle by, among other things, reducing dwell at the ends of the stroke. 
   The commonly existing system (such as that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,394,379) utilizes a gear  66  (with an off-center round pin  80 ), wherein the gear  66  rotates, and the pin  80  pushes the block  68  back and forth to provide the oscillation (see prior art  FIG. 1 ). My invention has a reel which is essentially the same (see  FIGS. 2 through 4 ) as the structure shown in this prior art patent, except that the pin  80  has been replaced by a cam stud means  132  having a lobe means  133  and the block  68  has been replaced with a block 134 . As can be seen from  FIGS. 4 through 7 , I have made the following modifications: first, instead of being a round pin, the lobe means  133  has a leading edge  40  to reduce dwell at the beginning of each stroke. Secondly, the lobe means  133  has a corner  48  to reduce dwell at the end of each stroke. A ramp is provided in the block  134  to increase the block speed at the end of each stroke. As a result, this new system provides a relatively uniform line lay which is desirable from both cosmetic and performance standpoints, while being very durable, simple and compact. This is explained in more detail in the accompanying Figures. 
   I have provided a new fishing reel driven by a handle comprising: a reel frame; a spool spindle reciprocated longitudinally in said reel frame between two positions at which the direction of motion of said spool spindle is reversed; a fixed spool, mounted at an end of said spool spindle and coaxially with said spool spindle; a rotary line recovery device mounted coaxially with said spool for guiding fishing line onto said spool; a crankshaft connected at one end of said handle for rotation therewith; a drive gear connected to said crankshaft for rotation therewith; a transmission system, for longitudinally reciprocating said spool spindle, including: a transverse block connected said spool spindle to translate therewith; said transverse block having a guide slot therein; a transverse crosswind post fixed to said frame; a crosswind gear rotating about said transverse crosswind post; said drive gear engaging said crosswind gear for rotating said crosswind gear upon rotation of said drive gear; a cam stud means eccentrically mounted on the crosswind gear to rotate in a circular path about the axis of rotation of said crosswind gear; said cam stud means positioned within said guide slot and engaging said block to displace said block and move the spool spindle in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis; said block having walls forming said guide slot, comprising at least four surfaces; a first surface, a second surface at an angle to said first surface, a third surface, a fourth surface at an angle to said third surface; said first and third surfaces being substantially parallel to one another and said second and fourth surfaces being substantially parallel to one another; said cam stud means further comprising cam lobe means having at least three contiguous working surfaces; comprising a first radial surface; a second radial surface of a larger radius than said first radial surface; and a third radial surface following the second surface for engagement with the surfaces of said slot. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is an exploded perspective view of a reel in accordance with the prior art; 
       FIG. 2  is a vertical elevation, partially broken away, of a reel in accordance with my invention; 
       FIG. 3  is a vertical elevation rotated from the position shown in  FIG. 2 , partially broken away, of a reel in accordance with my invention; 
       FIG. 4  is an exploded perspective view of a reel in accordance with the preferred embodiment of my invention; 
       FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a portion of the reel shown in  FIG. 4 ; 
       FIG. 6  is a perspective view of a portion of the reel shown in  FIG. 4 ; 
       FIG. 7  is a perspective view of an assembled portion of the reel shown in  FIGS. 4 ,  5  and  6 ; 
       FIG. 8  is a schematic layout showing the operation of the common oscillating spinning reel winding system as known in the prior art; 
       FIG. 9  is a schematic layout showing the operation of the uniform winding oscillating system in accordance with the preferred embodiment of my invention; 
       FIG. 10  is a plan view of a lobe in accordance with the preferred embodiment of my invention, showing diagrammatically its position on the crosswind gear; 
       FIG. 11  is a plan view of a crosswind block; 
       FIG. 12  is a schematic blow-up of a portion of the system shown in  FIG. 9 ; 
       FIG. 13A  is a schematic portion of a level wind apparatus in accordance with my invention showing the apparatus at a starting point; 
       FIG. 13B  is a schematic portion of a level wind apparatus in accordance with my invention showing the apparatus at the end of a first segment of travel after the starting point shown in  FIG. 13A ; 
       FIG. 13C  is a schematic portion of a level wind apparatus in accordance with my invention showing the apparatus at the end of a second segment of travel after the starting point shown in  FIG. 13A ; 
       FIG. 13D  is a schematic portion of a level wind apparatus in accordance with my invention showing the apparatus at the end of a third segment of travel after the starting point shown in  FIG. 13A ; 
       FIG. 13E  is a schematic portion of a level wind apparatus in accordance with my invention showing the apparatus at the end of a forth segment of travel after the starting point shown in  FIG. 13A ; 
       FIG. 13F  is a schematic portion of a level wind apparatus in accordance with my invention showing the apparatus at the end of its cycle of travel after the starting point shown in  FIG. 13A ; 
       FIG. 14  is a plot showing the motion of a prior art mechanism and the plot of a theoretically perfect line wrap and the plot of my improved line wrap; 
       FIG. 15  is a schematic plan view of an alternate embodiment of my oscillating system; 
       FIG. 16  is a schematic plan view of a different alternate embodiment of my new oscillating system; 
       FIG. 17  is a schematic plan view of a further alternate embodiment of my oscillating system; and 
       FIG. 18  is a schematic plan view of a further alternate embodiment of my oscillating system. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   The prior art, as shown in  FIG. 1 , comprises a reel  10  having a spool  12 , an oscillating spool main shaft  56 , an oscillating assembly  64 , a rotor  16 , a drive gear  36 , a crosswind block  68  and a rotating crosswind gear  66 . As line  19  ( FIG. 8 ) is laid on the spool  12  in accordance with the prior art, more fishing line is laid at the ends, as shown diagrammatically at numbers  11  and  13  on the spool  12 . Each of the lines shown in this envelope (from L 1  through L 2 ) within the spool  12  represents a portion of the lay of the fishing line per the location of the pin  18 . The shape P of the lay of the spool line is shown at  28 . The oscillating travel of the spool shaft  56  is shown by the double headed arrow T. The movement of the crosswind block  68  is from the position shown in full lines to the position shown in phantom lines and return. 
   In my system, the fishing reel  100   FIG. 2  comprises: a reel frame  103 ; a spool spindle means  104  mounted for reciprocation longitudinally in said reel frame between two positions at which the direction of motion of said spool spindle is reversed; a fixed spool  106 , mounted at an end of said spool spindle means  104  and mounted coaxially with said spool spindle means  104 ; a rotary line recovery device  108  mounted coaxially with said spool for guiding fishing line onto said spool  106 ; a crankshaft  110  connected at one end to a handle  102  for rotation therewith; a drive gear  112  connected to said crankshaft  110  for rotation therewith; a transmission system, for longitudinally reciprocating said spool spindle means, comprising a transverse block  134  connected said spool spindle means to translate therewith; said transverse block having a guide slot  135   FIG. 6  therein; a transverse crosswind post  136  fixed to said frame; a crosswind gear  116  rotating about said transverse crosswind post  136 ; said drive gear  112  engaging said crosswind gear  116  for rotating said crosswind gear upon rotation of said drive gear; a cam stud means  132  eccentrically mounted on the crosswind gear  116  to rotate in a circular path about the axis of rotation of said crosswind gear; said cam stud means  132  positioned within said guide slot  135  and engaging said block  134  to displace said block and move the spool spindle means  104  in a direction parallel to its longitudinal axis; said block  134  having walls forming said guide slot, comprising at least four surfaces; a first surface  36 , a second surface  42  at an angle to said first surface, a third surface  38 , and a fourth surface  43  at an angle to said third surface; said first and third surfaces being substantially parallel to one another and said second and fourth surfaces being substantially parallel to one another (see  FIG. 6 ); said cam stud means  132  further comprising a cam lobe means  133  having at least three contiguous working surfaces, comprising (see  FIG. 5 ) a first radial surface  40 ; a second radial surface  44  of a larger radius than said first radial surface; and a third radial surface  48  following the second surface for engagement with the aforesaid surfaces of said slot. 
   In accordance with my new uniform oscillation system, as shown in  FIG. 9 , the shape S of the profile of the lay of the line on the spool  106  is substantially uniform. Note that ideally the same amount of line is laid at the ends  11  and  13  of the spool as there is in the center. This is made possible by the improved mechanical pieces shown in  FIGS. 4 through 6 . A crosswind gear  116 ,  FIGS. 4 and 5 , supports a newly designed pin in the shape of a lobe means  133  which operates in cooperation with a newly designed crosswind block  134 . The lines and arrows,  FIG. 9 , show moving stages. There are various advantages to the geometry of this newly designed lobe rotating during the gear rotation. In particular, the ramp  36  of the first surface speeds up block travel at the end of the stroke because the corner  48  of the lobe  32  rides up the ramp  36 . 
   The corner speeds up block travel at the end of the stroke because the geometry of the lobe means  133  rotates as the gear  116  itself rotates; the leading edge speeds up block travel at the beginning of the stroke. 
   Although any one of these features will help with uniform oscillation; all three features produce the most uniform oscillation in accordance with the preferred embodiment of my invention. These features produce uniform oscillation in the horizontal direction by the gear rotating and the geometry of the lobe means  133  rotating during the gear rotation. 
   The lobe and its position on the crosswind gear are shown in greater detail in  FIG. 10 ; in which the values of the letters are as follows:
         R-S=0.2285   X-S=0.1954   Y-S=0.1134   R-T=0.0189   X-T=0.3717   R-H=0.0135   X-H=0.2259   Y-H=0.0994       

   The crosswind block  16  is shown in greater detail in  FIG. 11 ; wherein F-S=0.1002 and F-H=0.0100. 
   The interaction of these parts is shown in various time sequences in  FIGS. 13A through 13F . The direction of rotation of the cross-wind gear is shown by the lines and arrows “N”.  FIG. 13A  represents a schematic of a portion of the level wind apparatus at the starting point.  FIG. 13B  shows the device at the end of the first segment.  FIG. 13C  shows the device at the end of a second segment.  FIG. 13D  shows the device at the end of a third segment.  FIG. 13E  shows the apparatus at the end of a fourth segment.  FIG. 13F  shows the apparatus at the end of its cycle. 
   The following equations and explanations describe the motion of the spool oscillation mechanism with reference to these figures. Formulas are in terms of variables.  FIGS. 13A–13F  show the mechanism in positions that are transition points between different formulas that describe the motion of the mechanism. The equations that describe the motion were entered into a Microsoft Excel™ spreadsheet, and the results plotted for one rotation of the crosswind gear. For reference, a plot showing the motion of a prior art mechanism and a plot of a theoretically perfect line wrap has been plotted over the spreadsheet results as shown in  FIG. 14 . 
   The following is an analysis of my new spool oscillation system. 
   The axial position of the spool is determined by the position of the crosswind block relative to the crosswind gear. As the crosswind gear rotates, a cam lobe means  133  on its upper surface contacts the surfaces defining a uniquely shaped slot  135  in the underside of the crosswind block  134 . 360 degrees of rotation of the gear will move the spool through a complete oscillation sequence, but symmetry of the crosswind block requires analysis of only the first 180 degrees of rotation. Displacements for the second 180 degrees of rotation are equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction to those of the first 180 degrees. R-T is the center of the third radial surface, R-S is the center of the second radial surface and R-H is the center of the first radial surface. It is theorized that five formulas may be used to describe the parameters of the oscillation system in accordance with my invention. 
   The five formulas describing the position of the block relative to the gear have been generated for the first 180 degrees of gear rotation. Each formula is valid only for a defined segment of the motion. 
   First Segment. The first segment of motion is for contact of a first radial surface  40   FIG. 5  with a second wall surface  42   FIGS. 6 and 12  forming the guide slot  135  in said block. This contact will take place from Φ=0° to a position where the centers of the first radial surface and a second radial surface are aligned (see line “J”  FIGS. 10 and 13B ) along a plane through line  45   FIG. 5  that is perpendicular to said second wall surface  42  of said block. Formulas defining this motion are: For Φ=0° to Φ=Φseq1:
 
 X=X   H  cos(−Φ)− Y   H  sin(−Φ)+ R   H 
 
Φ seq1 =90 +A  tan|( X   H   −X   S )/( Y   H   −Y   S )|
 
   Second Segment. The second segment of motion is for contact of the second radial surface  44   FIGS. 5 and 12  of the cam lobe means  133  with said second wall surface  42  of the block. The range of this segment is from Φ=Φseq1 to a position where a line drawn between centers of the radii of the second and third radial surfaces are aligned (see line “K”  FIGS. 10 and 13C ) along a line that is perpendicular to the second wall surface  42  of the block  FIG. 13C . Formulas defining this motion are: For Φ=Φseq1 to Φ=Φseq2:
 
 X=X   S  cos(−Φ)− Y   S  sin(−Φ)+ R   S 
 
Φseq2=90 +A  tan|( X   T   −X   S )/ Y   S |
 
   Third Segment. The third segment of motion is for contact of the third radial surface  48  of the cam lobe means  133  with the second wall surface  42  of the block. The range of this segment is from Φ=Φseq2 to a point where the third radial surface  48  first contacts a first wall (ramp  36   FIGS. 6 and 12 ) surface of the slot of said block  FIG. 13D . 
   For Φ=Φseq2 to Φ=Φseq3:
 
 X=X   T  cos(−Φ)+ R   T 
 
Φseq3=180−|( F   S   +R   T  tan( A  tan( F   H   /F   S )/2))/ X   T |.
 
   Fourth Segment. The fourth segment of motion is for contact of the third radial surface  48  of the cam lobe means with said first wall surface  36  of the block. The range of this segment is from Φ=Φseq3 to a point where the third radial surface  48  of the cam lobe means  133  first contacts the end  41  of the first wall surface (ramp  36 ) of the block  FIG. 13E . 
   For Φ=Φseq3 to Φ=Φseq4: 
   
     
       
         
           
             
               
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   Last Segment. The final segment of motion is for positions starting at the point where the third radial surface  48  just makes contact with the end  41  of the first wall surface  36  of the block  134  to the point at which the crosswind gear has rotated 180 degrees  FIG. 13E . 
   For Φ=Φseq4 to Φ=180°: 
   
     
       
         
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           = 
           
             
               
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                 ⁡ 
                 
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   From this analysis, it will be noted that my invention provides a new fishing reel driven by a handle comprising: a reel frame; a spool spindle means mounted to be reciprocated longitudinally in said reel frame between two positions at which the direction of motion of said spool spindle is reversed; a fixed spool mounted at an end of said spool spindle and coaxially with said spool spindle means; a rotary line recovery device mounted coaxially with said spool for guiding fishing line onto said spool; a crankshaft connected at one end of said handle for rotation therewith; a drive gear connected to said crankshaft for rotation therewith; a transmission system, for longitudinally reciprocating said spool spindle means, comprising: a transverse block connected said spool spindle to translate therewith; said transverse block having a guide slot therein; a transverse crosswind post fixed to said frame; a crosswind gear rotating about said transverse crosswind post; said drive gear engaging said crosswind gear for rotating said crosswind gear upon rotation of said drive gear; a cam stud means eccentrically mounted on the crosswind gear to rotate in a circular path about the axis of rotation of said crosswind gear; said cam stud means positioned within said guide slot and engaging said block to displace said block and move the spool spindle means in the direction parallel to its longitudinal axis; said block having walls forming said guide slot, comprising at least four surfaces; a first surface, a second surface at an angle to said first surface, a third surface, a fourth surface at an angle to said third surface; said first and third surfaces being substantially parallel to one another and said second and fourth surfaces being substantially parallel to one another; said cam stud means further comprising cam lobe means having at least three contiguous working surfaces; comprising a first radial surface; a second radial surface of a larger radius than said first radial surface; and a third radial surface following the second surface for engagement with the surfaces of said slot. 
   In  FIGS. 15 through 18 , I have shown alternate and less desirable forms of my invention. These forms incorporate one or more of the features of my invention, but do not incorporate others. Accordingly, they provide a less uniform wind. 
   In the alternate embodiment shown in  FIG. 15 , the device will produce a somewhat uniform oscillation, but because of the large difference between the distances “A” and “B” (as illustrated), excessive clearance between the lobe and crosswind block slot will occur at various degrees of the gear rotation. With one side of the lobe flat, the second radial surface is no longer there to make up the space. This causes a jerky movement and a slightly less uniform distribution of line. 
   In the second alternate embodiment shown in  FIG. 16 , the lobe is reconfigured so it does not have a corner to speed up the block travel at the end of the stroke. Therefore, at least 90 degrees of rotation would have no more effect than just a round pin. Thus, this will produce not as uniform a distribution of line as would be the case if my preferred embodiment was used. 
   In the third alternate embodiment shown in  FIG. 17 , a crosswind block has been modified so that it does not have a ramp therein to speed up the block travel at the end of the stroke. In my preferred embodiment, I get a little extra travel because of the ramp action. Here, there is no ramp and thus that extra travel is missing. Therefore, one would not get as flat a line wrap. 
   In the fourth alternate embodiment shown in  FIG. 18 , the crosswind block has been modified so that it does not have a ramp therein. The lobe has been modified so it does not have a corner on the lobe to speed up travel at the end of the stroke.