Abstract:
A method and an apparatus (A) are disclosed, for transferring a plurality of tubular receptacles ( 1 ) made of a fragile material, suitable for containing doses of medicinal substances, for example barrels ( 1 ) for syringes or vials, from containers ( 2, 20 ), in which the receptacles ( 1 ) are housable separated from one another, to a packing machine (M) for processing the receptacles ( 1 ). Each container ( 2, 20 ) houses a multiplicity of receptacles ( 1 ) and is transportable by a conveyor line (L) towards the packing machine (M). The method includes the following steps: a. collecting a plurality of receptacles ( 1 ) from a container ( 2, 20 ), maintaining the receptacles ( 1 ) separated from one another; b. arranging the collected receptacles ( 1 ) at an inlet (I) of the packing machine (M), in a predefined formation and kept separated from one another, and c. bringing the receptacles ( 1 ), collected and arranged in the preceding steps, into the packing machine (M), maintaining them separated from one another, so that the packing machine (M) can receive and process them.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for transferring fragile articles from a supply line and feeding them to a machine for processing the items. 
         [0002]    In particular, the invention relates to methods and apparatus used to transfer, for packing, syringe barrels or vials, tubes or other small receptacles made of fragile material, such as glass, and particularly designed to contain liquids or other loose substances. 
       DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
       [0003]    In the following, for ease of description, reference will be made, purely by way of example, to the problem of transferring glass barrels, which constitute the well-known tubular body of syringes, for containing a liquid to be injected from a supply line to a packing machine that processes them such as to pack the relative syringes (such as for example a piston-inserting and a labeling machine). 
         [0004]    The barrels, for example, already filled and sealed with rubber caps, usually known as “rubber stoppers”, inserted into the upper mouth thereof, reach the packing machine housed in a special container transported by the conveyor line. 
         [0005]    There are two main types of container, well known in the field, which are designed to accommodate tubular glass barrels. 
         [0006]    The first type consists of the so-called “nest”, so called because they resemble wasps&#39; nests, which have a grid shape and can house a plurality of vertical glass barrels, each within a respective “cell”, or housing, comprising a through- and vertical cavity. 
         [0007]    In detail, the cells, and the barrels housed in them, are arranged in the nest and spaced along parallel lines. 
         [0008]    In practice, when they are housed in the nest, the barrels are not in contact with each other, and rest on the edge of the cavity of the relative housing by means of a small support collar conformed from the edge of the mouth thereof, designed to accommodate the plunger of the future syringe when finished. 
         [0009]    The bottoms of the barrels protrude inferiorly from the cell and the nest. 
         [0010]    The other known type of container is constituted by trays in which each body is housed horizontally in a respective seating conformed, for example, as a complementary impression of the body itself, which is superiorly accessible. 
         [0011]    In this case too the seatings are arranged in the tray so that the barrels are housed in several parallel rows and not in contact with each other. 
         [0012]    The known process for transferring the barrels from the container to the packing machine is explained below. 
         [0013]    A plurality of barrels to be transferred, via various devices known in the field are simultaneously removed from the container in which they are housed. 
         [0014]    This is because it is clear that collecting only one body at a time would obviously have a detrimental effect on performance, causing a so-called “bottleneck” in the receiving, packaging and packing chain of the syringes. 
         [0015]    Subsequently, the barrels are arranged in a directing guide located at the inlet of the packing machine such as to supply the machine, which guide is configured such that the barrels travel to the interior of the packing machine in single file in contact with one another. 
         [0016]    In fact, the barrels must be supplied to the packing machine arranged in a predefined formation and then are appropriately directed. 
         [0017]    Normally, the guide is composed of two wire tracks on which the barrels slide, resting on the support collars thereof, as described above. 
         [0018]    The experience of using this procedure and its means of implementation has brought to light the drawback which is described below. 
         [0019]    Once the barrels have been taken from the nest, or alternatively from the tray, and have been inserted in the guide, they are often subject to colliding with each other during their directing towards the packing machine. 
         [0020]    Since syringe barrels are made of a fragile material, impacts are often the cause of cracks and/or chipping, if not shattering. 
         [0021]    This causes low yields and high costs. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0022]    The aim of the present invention is to obviate the above-described drawback and others by means of: 
         [0023]    a method for transferring a plurality of tubular receptacles made of a fragile material, suitable for containing doses of medicinal substances, for example barrels for syringes or vials, from containers in which the receptacles are housable separately, to a packing machine for processing the receptacles ( 1 ), and 
         [0024]    an apparatus for performing the method, in accordance with the invention. 
         [0025]    The method comprises the following steps: 
         [0026]    a. collecting a plurality of receptacles from a container, maintaining the receptacles separated from one another, 
         [0027]    b. arranging the collected receptacles at an inlet of the packing machine, in a predefined formation in which they are kept separated from one another, and 
         [0028]    c. bringing the receptacles, collected and arranged in the preceding steps, into the packing machine, maintaining them separated from one another, whereby the packing machine can receive them, once they have entered therein, so as to process them. 
         [0029]    The apparatus comprises: 
         [0030]    at least one pick-up means for picking up a plurality of receptacles at a time from a container and releasing the receptacles, once picked up; 
         [0031]    at least one inserting device provided at the inlet of the packing machine, for bringing the receptacles extracted from the container to the inlet of the packing machine, where they are collected, and 
         [0032]    a displacing means for supporting the pick-up means and displacing the pick-up means, once the pick-up means have picked up the receptacles, so that the picked-up receptacles are extracted from the container and are then taken to the inserting device. 
         [0033]    Further, in the apparatus according to the invention, it is provided that: 
         [0034]    the inserting device comprises a plurality of movable seatings arranged separated from one another, each being suitable for housing a receptacle, in such a way that the housed receptacles are arranged in a predefined configuration in which they are separated from one another, the inserting device being further activatable to move the movable seatings, with the receptacles housed therein, such that the receptacles are brought to the inlet of the packing machine; 
         [0035]    the pick-up means being configured so as to maintain the receptacles separated while picking them up and once they are picked-up; and wherein 
         [0036]    the displacing means ( 4 ) is activatable to displace the pick-up means, once the pick-up means have picked up the receptacles, up to the inserting device, and to move the pick-up means so that the receptacles are introduced in relative movable seatings of the inserting device, whereby, once the pick-up means have released them, they are transported thereby. 
         [0037]    In the following, we will refer to a special case in which the receptacles relate to syringe barrels, but it goes without saying that this choice, unless it is specified otherwise, is purely for descriptive purposes and does not limit the field of application of the invention. 
         [0038]    Whether the barrels are brought into the packing machine in nests or in trays, they are however transported separated from each other, as explained above, and therefore they cannot in any way impact against one another. 
         [0039]    Using the proposed method and/or the apparatus, the barrels are extracted from the receptacles in which they are housed, keeping them separated from each other. 
         [0040]    The expression “separated” in this context clearly indicates physically separate, i.e. not in contact and in any case sufficiently spaced so that normal vibrations and oscillations occurring during the movements caused by devices and machines do not cause collision between the barrels. 
         [0041]    Thereafter the barrels are moved up to be placed in proximity of or at the inlet of the packing machine. 
         [0042]    During this movement, as duly set out herein, the barrels are always maintained separated, such that the possibility of mutual collision is entirely prevented. 
         [0043]    At this point, the barrels are arranged in a predefined formation suitable for inserting in the inlet of the packing machine. 
         [0044]    In fact, as already explained above, it is clear that the packing machine can take delivery and then process the barrels if they are supplied into the inlet configuration comprised in the constructional specifications of the machine, which can vary from machine to machine. 
         [0045]    Even in the predefined formation, the barrels are maintained separated. 
         [0046]    Finally, the barrels are brought to the inlet of the packing machine, keeping them separate during this final transport, such that the packing machine may take delivery of them and process them in the intact condition. 
         [0047]    In this way, the risks and costs that beset the above-described prior art are completely prevented. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0048]    Specific embodiments of the invention, and advantageous technical-functional characteristics related to these embodiments only partly derivable from the description set out above, will be described in the course of the description, in accordance with what is set out in the claims and with the aid of the attached figures of the drawing, in which: 
           [0049]      FIG. 1A  is an axonometric projection apparatus according to the invention associated with a bench of a packing machine, not represented, apart from the Archimedes screw located just inside the inlet of the machine; 
           [0050]      FIG. 1B  is a partial view from above of the illustration  1 A, also showing a conveyor line of the receptacles housing the receptacles; 
           [0051]      FIG. 2  is a schematic view from above of the collecting means located above a nest; 
           [0052]      FIG. 3  is a schematic vertical section view of the preceding figure; 
           [0053]      FIG. 4  is the same view as the previous figure, in which the receptacles have been raised and gripped by pliers included in pick-up and place means; 
           [0054]      FIG. 5  is a detail of  FIG. 2 , when the pliers have gripped the receptacles already raised from the nest; 
           [0055]      FIG. 6  is a view in vertical section schematically showing the pick-up (or release) cycles of the receptacles from the nest and the positioning (or unloading) thereof in the inserting device; 
           [0056]      FIG. 7  is a schematic view, partially in cross section, of the inserting device; 
           [0057]      FIG. 8  is the view of  FIG. 6  illustrating the insertion of receptacles in movable seatings of the inserting device and the return cycle of the pick-up means; 
           [0058]      FIG. 9  is a horizontal section view of  FIG. 8  taken along plane IX-IX; 
           [0059]      FIGS. 10 and 11  show an eliminating cycle of an empty nest; and 
           [0060]      FIGS. 12A and 12B  are schematic views illustrating the functioning of the apparatus when used with so-called “trays”. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0061]      FIGS. 1A and 1B  illustrate the apparatus associated with the disclosed packing machine M, with the entrance I thereof immediately just inside the machine M, and a carousel G, in a known way, destined to take delivery of each receptacle  1  that enters the machine M. 
         [0062]    Clearly, the representation G of the carousel in the drawings should be viewed as an aid to the understanding of the invention, as the machine M could be of any type suitable for the processing of receptacles  1  (and in fact, apart from the carousel G and the bench B, the machine M is not further illustrated in the attached figures). 
         [0063]    The apparatus A in possible embodiments thereof will be described in detail after having explained some possible variants of the method of the invention. 
         [0064]    As already mentioned above, the method is applicable to a case where the barrels are “barrels” for syringes  1 . 
         [0065]    In the accompanying figures only receptacles  1  in the form of barrels are illustrated. 
         [0066]    The barrels  1 , as mentioned, are suitable receptacles for containing liquid to be injected, each comprising an upper support collar  10  conformed by a rim of a respective mouth. 
         [0067]    Further, each barrel  1  has a closed bottom opposite the mouth  11  and a lateral wall  100  joining the support collar  10  to the bottom  11 . 
         [0068]    In the case shown in the figures, the bottom  11  is conformed by the barrel  1  itself. However, it is possible that the barrels  1 , already bearing the needle that projects from the bottom, might be coupled to a lower safety element in which the needle is completely buried, which safety element forms the bottom  11 , which in this case can be fully closed, and which of course is opposite the entrance mouth of the body  1 . 
         [0069]    In the following generic reference will be made to the ‘bottom  11  of a body  1 ’, in reference also to the case of a presence of the safety element. 
         [0070]    That said, each of these receptacles may include a nest for 2 barrels  1 , which nest  2  in turn includes a plurality of separate housings  21 , each comprising a vertical through-cavity for accommodating a respective body  1  (i.e. provided with the vertical development arranged vertically), resting on a top edge  210  of the cavity with the support collar  10  thereof, and with the respective bottom  11  projecting inferiorly of the nest  2 . 
         [0071]    The housings  21  are arranged together so that the housed barrels  1  are separated from one another. 
         [0072]    In a first variant of the method, steps a, b and c are respectively implemented by phases a′, b′ and c′ as follow: 
         [0073]    a′. plurality of barrels  1  receive an upwardly-directed push impressed on the bottom  11  thereof (as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , the pusher means mentioned here will be described herein below), which pusher causes a respective upper part  101  comprising the support collar  10  to project superiorly of the relative housing  21  and thus the nest  2 ; following which, each of the barrels  1  thrust upwards is picked up by the projecting upper part  101  thereof and is then removed from the housing  21 , and is thus removed from the nest  2  while being maintained separated from the other barrels  1  that have been picked up; 
         [0074]    b′. the barrels  1  which have been picked up are brought to the inlet I of the packing machine M and arranged in a line, separated from one another, the line constituting the predefined formation (in this way, for example, the method is adaptable to the presence of a carousel G, as explained herein above), and 
         [0075]    c′. the line of barrels  1  is longitudinally translated such as to bring the barrels  1  one at a time into the packing machine M, maintaining the barrels  1  separated from one another during the translation. 
         [0076]    This variant of the method is devised precisely for the case where the barrels  1  are supplied in a nest  2 . 
         [0077]    In fact, this variant advantageously uses the same concept as the nests  2  housing (the bottom  11  of the barrels  1  projecting inferiorly, barrels resting freely on the collar  10 , etc. . . . ) in order to pick up and then transport the barrels so that 1 the possibility of reciprocal colliding is completely prevented. 
         [0078]    As mentioned earlier, the housings  21 , and therefore the barrels  1  are usually arranged in parallel rows in the nests  2 . 
         [0079]    Further, the nests  2  can be powered by the conveyor line L in a row up to a pickup position P, near the inlet of the packing machine M, where the nests  2  of the row halt during the pick-up operations (see  FIG. 1  B). 
         [0080]    In practice, the conveyor line L can be configured such as to have nests  2  in single file “in step” with the nests  2  themselves which stop one at a time at the pick-up position P, up until all the barrels housed therein have been collected. 
         [0081]    Thereafter, the nest  2 , emptied of barrels  1 , is moved from the pickup position P (and unloaded, as will be seen) and the line L is activated to bring a further nest  2  into the pick-up position. 
         [0082]    The conveyor line may be formed by two tracks L 1 , L 2  (see  FIG. 1  B) arranged flanked to the nest  2 , which is between them, the tracks L 1 , L 2 , supporting the nest  2 , which are supported by opposite lateral edges thereof, which in turn flank the assembly of housings  21  arranged centrally in the nest  2 , such as to leave space above and below the nest in 2, which is then accessible from both above and below. 
         [0083]    With this in mind, in a second variant of the method: 
         [0084]    step a′ is carried out by applying it to the barrels  1  of a whole line of housings  21  of the nest  2  which is in the pick-up position P; 
         [0085]    during step b′, the line of barrels  1  picked up during step a′ is arranged with all the barrels  1  maintained vertical such that the support collar  10  and the mouth are arranged superiorly and the bottom  11  inferiorly, in said line at the inlet I of the packing machine M, after which step c′ is carried out; 
         [0086]    steps a′, b′ and c′ are repeated by applying them cyclically to each of the parallel lines of barrels  1  housed in the nests  2  and are carried out such that step c′ has a duration which is at most equal to a sum of durations of step a′ and step b′, such that step c′ of a cycle relating to a line of barrels  1  can be completed during steps a′ and b′ applied to a further line of barrels  1  in the following cycle; and 
         [0087]    after all the barrels  1  which were housed in the nest  2  present in the pick-up position P have been removed, the nest  2  is removed from the conveyor line L (and in the following it will be explained how, with the aid of  FIGS. 10 and 11 ), which advances a further nest  2  up to the pick-up position P and the steps of the method are repeated from the beginning for as long as nests  2  containing barrels  1  to be picked up are supplied. 
         [0088]    This second variant of the method enables the maximum pick-up efficiency or, differently expressed, the greatest time saving for the pick-up, without in any way changing the fact that, as in all variants of the method, the receptacles  1  arriving at the machine M have never collided with one another. 
         [0089]    In addition, this variant enables the barrels  1  to be presented to the packing machine M already vertically arranged with the mouth thereof facing upwards, such that they are already predisposed in such a way that the machines today available on the market can insert the rod of the plunger of the syringe, for example, or fill the syringes with the liquid to be injected, if they are still empty, etc. 
         [0090]    A further variant of the method is comprised for a case in which each receptacle comprises a tray  20  in turn comprising a plurality of housings  201 , superiorly open such as to accommodate the individual receptacles  1  lying horizontally (i.e. with the longitudinal development arranged horizontally), and such that they are separated from each other (see  FIG. 12B ). 
         [0091]    As explained herein above, in this tray  20 , of known type, the housings  201  normally have a substantially complementary shape with respect to the receptacle  1  in a laid-down position, with the possibility of some extra space for the use of drawing means, as will be explained in detail later. 
         [0092]    In this case, the phases a, b and c are respectively implemented by steps a ‘, b’ and c′ as follows (not coinciding with the same steps outlined above with reference to illustrated variants): 
         [0093]    a′. a plurality of receptacles  1  are lifted from the respective housing  201  up to picking them up from the tray  20 , such that they are maintained separated from one another, 
         [0094]    b′. the picked up receptacles  1  are then taken to the inlet I of the packing machine M and arranged in a line, separated from one another, the line constituting said predefined formation; and 
         [0095]    c′. the line of receptacles  1  is translated longitudinally such as to bring the receptacles  1  one at a time into the packing machine M, constantly keeping the receptacles  1 , during the translation, separated from one another. 
         [0096]    This variant exploits the superior accessibility of the housings  201 . 
         [0097]    As mentioned above, in the trays  20  of this type the housings  201 , and the vessels placed in them, may also be arranged in parallel rows in the trays  20 . 
         [0098]    In detail, the parallel rows of housings  201  can be intercalated between them to save space. 
         [0099]    Clearly, the trays  20  may be supplied from the conveyor line L in a row to the pick-up position P, where they stop during the drawing operations, similarly to the case where nests  2  are used. 
         [0100]    In this case, a variant of the method can be actuated, in which: 
         [0101]    step a. is carried out by applying it to a whole line of receptacles  1  of the tray  20  which is in the pick-up position P, lifting all the line vertically and contemporaneously from the tray  20 ; 
         [0102]    during step b′. the line of receptacles  1  picked up during stage a′. is rotated such that all the receptacles  1  are arranged vertically, and the rotated line of receptacles  1  is arranged in the line formation at the inlet I of the packing machine M, after which step c′. is actuated; 
         [0103]    steps a′, b′ and c′ are repeated by applying them cyclically to each of the parallel lines of the receptacles  1  housed in the tray  20  and are carried out such that step c′ has a duration which is at most equal to the sum of the durations of step a. and step b′., so that step c′ of a cycle relating to a line of receptacles  1  can be completed during steps a′ and b′, applied to a further line of receptacles  1  in a following cycle; and 
         [0104]    after all the receptacles  1  which were housed in the tray  20  in the pick-up position P have been collected, the tray  20  is removed from the conveyor line L, which advances a further tray  20  up to the pick-up position P and the steps of the method are repeated from the beginning. 
         [0105]    The two possible variants of the method described above, and relating to the case of receptacles involving use of the trays  20 , are applicable to the transfer of barrels  1  of the kind already described several times. 
         [0106]    In this case, during step c. (and therefore also possibly step c′), the barrels  1  themselves can be arranged with the support collar  10  and the mouth placed superiorly and the bottom  11  placed inferiorly, for the reasons discussed above. 
         [0107]    According to a further possible aspect of the method according to the invention, a plurality of movable seatings  51  are made available at the inlet I of the packing machine M (reference is made to  FIG. 7  and  FIG. 9 ) each for housing a relative receptacle  1  and for transporting the receptacles  1  housed therein to and into the inlet I of the packing machine M. 
         [0108]    A preferred embodiment of the movable seatings  51  will be described herein below, when the proposed apparatus A is described. 
         [0109]    In the just-described special detail, during step c., the movable seatings  51  are arranged with respect to one another such that the receptacles  1 , once inserted in the movable seatings  51 , are moment by moment in the above-mentioned formation, in which they are separated from one another; further, the movable seatings are moved continuously, and finally during step b the receptacles  1  are placed in movable seatings  51  in follow-mode, while they are moving. 
         [0110]    The above-described is an embodiment in which the certainty of insertion of the receptacles in the machine M without colliding is obtained while performance is also maximized. 
         [0111]    As specified above, the apparatus A comprises (once more in reference to  FIGS. 1A and 1  B), the pick-up means  3 , an inserting device  5  (shown for example in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , and described in detail below), and the displacing means  4  (shown only in  FIGS. 1A and 1  B). 
         [0112]    The inserting device  5  advantageously comprises the above-mentioned plurality of movable seatings  51 , configured and activatable as described herein above. 
         [0113]    The pick-up means  3  may include (as seen in  FIGS. 2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5  and  12 , for example) a plurality of pliers  30  arranged above the receptacle  2 ,  20  (see  FIGS. 2 and 3 ), each individually closable such as to singly grip a receptacle  1 , or alternatively openable such as to release the receptacle  1 . 
         [0114]    The apparatus A can be used in the case receptacles  2 ,  20  step-supplied by the above-mentioned conveyor line L to the pick-up position P, where they halt during the cycles of collecting and transfer of the receptacles  1  to the inserting devices  5 . 
         [0115]    For the sake of brevity, this possible operation is not repeated in the following each time a given variant of the apparatus A is described. 
         [0116]    The pliers  30  are advantageously arranged at a mutual distance such that the receptacles  1 , while gripped by respective pliers  30 , are maintained separated from one another. 
         [0117]    More specifically, the pliers  30  can each comprise a pair of jaws  31  for tightly clamping the syringes  2  (as shown in  FIGS. 3 ,  4 ,  6  and  12 A and  12 B, for example). 
         [0118]    Each pair of jaws  31  is clearly reciprocally rotatable with respect to a rotation axis, alternately opening out when the pliers  30  is opened, or nearing, when the pliers  30  close. 
         [0119]    In the case of receptacles each comprising a corresponding nest  2 , in the preferred embodiment of the apparatus A the pick-up means  3  includes at least a pusher element  32 , arrangeable below the nest  2  and comprising an upper abutting surface  320 ; the pusher element  32  can oscillate vertically, such that when performing an upwards run it can push, with its upper surface  320 , the bottom  11  of a row of barrels  1  in the nest  2 , with the result that in the pushed barrels  1 , a respective upper part  101  comprising the support collar  10  projects superiorly of the housing  21 , and then to the nest  2  (with reference to  FIG. 4 ). 
         [0120]    Further, in this case the apparatus A also comprises that the plurality of pliers  30  is arrangeable above the nest  2  ( FIGS. 3 and 4 ), and each of the relative pairs of jaws  31  is closed such as to clamp one of the barrels  1  pushed upwards by the pusher element  32 , gripping the protruding upper part  101  firmly, or alternatively can be opened to release the body  1  (once more see  FIG. 4 ). 
         [0121]    In this way, extraction of the barrels  1  from the nests  2  is obtained in a safe way, able to ensure that they do not collide with one another, and further, thanks to the use of the pliers  30 , the are effectively displaceable, once gripped, without any danger that may fall and break (see  FIG. 6 ). 
         [0122]    In a particular aspect of the pick-up means  3 , comprised only for the case of barrels  1  presented in nests  2 , and in detail of the plurality of pliers  30  (shown in its entirety also in  FIGS. 1A   1  B), the pair of jaws  31  of each pliers  30  is arrangeable vertically above the barrels  1  to be lifted from the nest  2 , with the free ends of each pair of jaws  31  being shaped such as to be able to grip the projecting upper part of a barrel  1 , once raised, at opposing points situated immediately below the supporting collar  10 , and at the same time, they can inferiorly abut the supporting collar  10  itself, so as increase the firmness of the grip thereof. 
         [0123]    In practice, as will be more fully explained herein below, each jaw  31  can have an “L”-shape, i.e. a bend near the lower free end, such as to define a lower horizontal portion, the end of which faces the end of the other jaw of the pair and is destined to encounter the lateral wall  100  of the barrel  1  that it grips, such that the lower horizontal portion supports it resting on the supporting collar  10  thereof (see also  FIGS. 3 ,  4  and  6 , for example). 
         [0124]    In this way not only is the greatest firmness of grip obtained, but also the smallest size of the pliers  30 . 
         [0125]    In a preferred aspect, also illustrated in  FIGS. 2 and 5 , both in the case of containers for recipients  1  comprising nests  2  and in the case of containers comprising trays  20 , each jaw  31  of each pair can have a gripping section  310 , facing the gripping section  310  of the other jaw  31  of the pair, and having a complementary shape to the shape of the lateral wall  100  of the barrel 
         [0126]    In the case of receptacles including trays  20 , described above in detail, the invention can comprise an embodiment of the apparatus A (to which  FIGS. 12A and 12B  schematically refer) in which: 
         [0127]    each pliers  30  comprises a pair of jaws  31  dimensioned such as to insert in a housing  201  for gripping a receptacle  1 ; 
         [0128]    the displacing means  4  comprises a rotating device connected to the plurality of pliers  30  so as to be able to rotate ( FIG. 12A ) the pliers  30  such as to vertically arrange the receptacles  1  taken from the plurality of pliers  30 , once extracted from the relative seatings  210  of the tray  20 . 
         [0129]    For example, the rotating device can be formed by a connected motor inserted in an operating head  33 , included in the displacing means  4 , which supports the whole row of 3 pliers or other equivalent devices known to the expert person in the field of mechanical engineering and the like. 
         [0130]    Not infrequently, as is well known, the seatings of trays  201  extend laterally such as to create, on the side of each housed receptacle  1 , an undercut  211 , i.e. an empty space, for facilitating gripping and removal of the receptacles  1  (as shown in  FIG. 12B ). 
         [0131]    In this case, each jaw  31  of the pliers  30  can be dimensioned such as to fit into the lateral undercut  201  break  211  so that the pliers  30  can grip a respective receptacle  1  by clamping the lateral wall  100  thereof. 
         [0132]    This embodiment can advantageously enable using the apparatus A for transferring receptacles  1  supplied in trays  2  to packing machines M of a type where the recipients, for example the barrels  1  for syringes, are presented in a vertical arrangement. 
         [0133]    Preferably, the plurality of pliers  30  is arranged in a straight line in which the pliers  30  are flanked. 
         [0134]    In detail, in a possible version thereof (shown in its entirety in  FIG. 1A ), the plurality of pliers  30  is formed by two facing plates each comprising a continuous base having with an upper edge rotatingly connected with respect to a horizontal upper axis to the operating head  33  of the pick-up means  3 . 
         [0135]    Each plate has a free lower edge which forms a plurality of prongs, each of which is L-shaped, curved near the free end (as mentioned above), which free end is shaped so that it can abut the lateral wall  100  of a barrel  1 , each prong representing one of the two jaws  31  of the pliers  30 , and being arranged facing a prong of the other plate, the reciprocal rotation of the plates (for example the simultaneous rotation in opposite directions, clockwise and anticlockwise) producing either the opening or closing of all the pliers  30  simultaneously (see  FIGS. 3 and 4 , for example). 
         [0136]    In practice, seen from the side or in vertical section, the pairs of jaws  31  have a “L”-shaped profile of the and its mirror image or an “L” and a symmetrical projection thereof, with respect to a vertical axis. 
         [0137]    According to a particular version, the above-mentioned displacing means transport  4  includes a robot  400 , of well-known type and serving to support and move an object in different points of space. 
         [0138]    Several types of robots of this type are known per se, but none in combination with other aspects of the apparatus A. 
         [0139]    The robot  400  preferably comprises: 
         [0140]    a bearing body  40  destined to oscillate between loading positions thereof, by a flank of the container  2 ,  20  (which in particular can be located in the pick-up position P), and an unloading position thereof, in proximity of the inserting device  5 , 
         [0141]    a guide  41  for constraining oscillation of the bearing body  40 , 
         [0142]    a motor (not illustrated) for displacing the bearing body  40  along the guide  41  or for halting the bearing body  40  at any position along the guide  41 ; and 
         [0143]    a support arm  42  solidly mounted to the bearing body  40 , on which support arm  42  the plurality of pliers  30  is mounted, the support arm  42  being movable such as to displace the pliers  30  along two Cartesian axes of a vertical plane. 
         [0144]    The support arms  42  of the type described are known per se but not in combination with other aspects of the displacement means  4  and even less with the additional aspects mentioned and still to be described of the apparatus A. 
         [0145]    In detail, according to this particular version, the bearing body  40  of the robot  400 , when in the loading positions, is arranged with respect to the container  2 ,  20 , such that the support arm  42  can raise the pliers  30 , once they have gripped the vessels  1 , such as to extract them from the container  2 ,  20 . 
         [0146]    Further, the bearing body  40 , when in the unloading position, is arranged, with respect to the insertion device  5 , so that the support arm  42  can lower the pliers  30  that bear the receptacles  1  such that the receptacles can be inserted in respective movable seatings  52  of the inserting device  5 . 
         [0147]    Still more specifically, the guide  41  is sufficiently long to enable the bearing body  40 , activated by the above-mentioned motor, to be arranged in a plurality of positions flanking the nest  2 , in each of which positions the plurality of pliers  30  is activatable in use to take a given row of receptacles  1  in the container  2 ,  20 . 
         [0148]    This allows the robot  400 , as will be more fully explained below, to perform a succession of pick-up and release cycles each of which collects an entire row of receptacles from the receptacle  1  and  2 , releases it in delivery to the inserting device  5 , until, after a certain number of cycles, receptacle is completely empties of the receptacles  1  and can be discarded (in the manner explained below). 
         [0149]    According to a preferred constructional aspect, the robot  4  guide comprises a straight guide  41  for slidably supporting the bearing body  40  such that it runs only along the longitudinal development of the guide  41 . 
         [0150]    If a receptacle comprises a nest  2 , the robot  400  can also be associated with a pusher organ  34  (shown only in  FIG. 1A ) solidly mounted with the bearing body  40  and inferiorly fixed to the pusher element  32 , activatable to cause vertical oscillation of the pusher element  32 . 
         [0151]    The pusher element  32  is mounted on the pusher organ  34  such that the upper abutting surface  320  thereof is vertically underlying the plurality of pliers  30 . 
         [0152]    In this case, the bearing body  40 , also activated by the motor, is advantageously available in the various loading positions thereof, flanked to the nest  2 , in each of which loading positions the pusher element  32  and the plurality of pliers  30  are arranged respectively below and above one of the rows of housings  21  of the nest  2 . The pusher organ  34  may comprise a jack, a linear actuator or other equivalent known device. 
         [0153]    In particular, the pusher element  32  may include a rod  32  or a plate having an upper abutting surface  320  that is horizontal and mounted such that it lies in a common vertical plane with the plurality of pliers  30  side by side. 
         [0154]    The robot  4  also preferably includes an operating head  33  for supporting the pliers  30 , which head  33  comprises means for activating the jaws  31  with respect to the axis of rotation thereof (which can also be the common axis of rotation, in the version of  FIG. 1A ). 
         [0155]    The operating head  33  is included in the support arm  42  is integral element, and therefore is solidly constrained to the pusher element  32 . 
         [0156]    In practice, the above-described robot  400  is able remove the barrels from the nest  2  as specified herein below (and illustrated in  FIGS. 2 ,  3 ,  4 ,  5  and  6 ). 
         [0157]    At each pick-up cycle the bearing body  40  is arranged flanked to the nest  2 , and the operating head  33  and the pusher element  32  are arranged at the nest  2  such that the row of pliers  30  and the upper abutting surface  320  of the pusher element  32  are substantially coplanar with the row of barrels  1 , i.e. are in the same ideal vertical plane. 
         [0158]    As previously mentioned, by means of the support arm  42 , and the pusher element  32  the plurality of pliers  30  are always instant by instant solidly constrained. 
         [0159]    Therefore in whatever position the bearing body  40  moves or stops at along the guide  41  of the guide, there will always be the certainty of coplanarity between the pliers  30  and the upper abutting surface  320 . 
         [0160]    It is clear that, for reasons of constructional simplicity, the nest  2  can be made to arrive at the point of collection, with its parallel rows of housings  21  perpendicular to the guide  41  of the guide (see  FIG. 1  B), such that the coplanar condition mentioned is obtained simply by providing that the rod element  32  and the pusher line of pliers  30  are perpendicular to the guide  41 . 
         [0161]    After the bearing body  40  has been arranged in the described way, the rod element  32  pushes a row of barrels  1  upwards and, immediately afterwards, the row of pliers  30  grips it. 
         [0162]    Thereafter, the row of barrels  1  gripped is removed from the nest  2  by operating the support arm  32  which bears the pliers  30 . 
         [0163]    The shaft  32  (or plate) is preferably long enough and the pliers  30  are in sufficient numbers such that, in use, the rod  32  (or plate) can push all the barrels  1  of an entire row upwards, and because the pliers  30  can be closed such as to grip each body lifted. 
         [0164]    After the barrels have been collected from the nest  2 , thanks to the movement of the bearing body  40  along the guide  41 , they are taken to the inserting device  5  where they will be inserted in the movable seatings  51 , in ways that will be more fully explained herein below. 
         [0165]    At this point, the pick up and release cycle begins again from the start and is applied to another row of barrels housed in the nest  2 . 
         [0166]    In practice, after inserting the collected barrels  1  in the movable seatings  51 , also referred-to herein as the release, the robot  400  brings the bearing body  40  back to the nest  2 , though in a loading position that is different from the position of the preceding load cycle, i.e. next to a row of housed barrels  1  yet to be housed. 
         [0167]    When, after a given number of repeated cycles, which in practice is equal to the parallel rows of housings  21  of the nest  2 , the nest  2  is completely empty, it is discarded (or unloaded) in the ways specified below. 
         [0168]    In a preferred aspect of the apparatus A, which maximizes efficiency while minimizing design and construction costs, the pliers  30  are equidistantly spaced in their row, i.e. the distance between any two consecutive pliers  30  in a row is always the same, and the housings  21 ,  210  are equally spaced in the corresponding row, in the same way as the pliers  30 , the pliers  30  being at least as many in number as the housings  21 ,  210  in a row, and the pitch between two consecutive pliers  30  of the row being the same as that between two consecutive quarters  21 ,  210  such that two receptacles  1  in any one row are the same distance both when housed in a row of the container  2 , and when gripped by the row of the plurality of pliers  30 . 
         [0169]    It is known that robots  400  already in use in this technical field can move objects in such a way that they always remain parallel to themselves. 
         [0170]    In this case, the plurality of pliers  30  can be supported and moved such that it is always parallel to itself, with the pliers  30  arranged in a horizontal row. 
         [0171]    This facilitates the advantageous follow-mode inserting method, during each release (or inserting) cycle, which is described below. 
         [0172]    First, movable seatings  51  of the directing device  5  are preferably arranged in single file, are movable along the longitudinal development of the same single file and are constantly equally spaced to one another, in the sense that the distance between two consecutive locations is the same whichever seatings are considered. 
         [0173]    Further, the pitch between two consecutive movable seatings can correspond to a pitch between two positions of the receptacles  1  of a row when taken from the row of pliers  30 , such that the distance between two consecutive receptacles  1  in the relative row is the same both when they are inserted in the movable seatings  51  and when they are picked up by the pliers  30 . 
         [0174]    In use, the movable seatings  51  can be moved continuously (preferably at constant speed) and, once the bearing body  40  of the robot  400  has been brought into the release position, the two-Cartesian-axis support arm  42  is activated such that the plurality of pliers  30  inserts the receptacles  1  in movable seatings  51  in following-mode, while the pliers  30  move, up until the pliers  30  are allowed to open in order to release the receptacles which are then housed in their movable seatings  51 . 
         [0175]    In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the insertion device  5  comprises an Archimedes screw  50  rotatable around a central rotation axis passing through the inlet I of the packing machine M, the screw  5  having, at a lateral periphery thereof, a helical groove  500  winding around the central axis, which groove  500  is of such a size as to accommodate a barrel  1  positioned vertically, abutting a lateral wall  10  joining the bottom  11  to the support collar  10 . 
         [0176]    In this case, the inserting device  5  also comprises a straight support and guide element  52  for slidingly restingly receiving the support collars  10  of the barrels  1 , once housed in the inserting device  5 , such that the barrels  1  are supported by the support element  52 . 
         [0177]    The support element  52  is positionable parallel to the rotation axis of the screw  50  and is arrangeable with respect thereto such that the groove  500  defines, together with the support element  52 , the above-mentioned plurality of movable seatings  51 , arranged in single file along the longitudinal development of the cochlea  50 , each barrel  1  being housable in each of the movable seatings  51 , located in the groove and resting on the straight element  52 , each movable seating  51  moving along the longitudinal development of the screw  50  when it is activated in rotation. 
         [0178]    In detail, as shown in  FIGS. 6 and 7  for example, a straight passage  520  is afforded in the guide and support element  52 , which straight passage  520  is parallel to the axis of symmetry of the screw  50 , defined by two lateral edges  521 ,  52  facing one another, the straight passage  520  being arranged above the screw  50  and being of such a width that barrels  1  can be freely inserted between the lateral edges  521 ,  522  only up the relative support collars  10 , such that two opposite portions of each collar  10  are each restingly received at a different edge  521 ,  522  of the passage  520  of the guide and support element  52  (see  FIGS. 6 and 8 ). 
         [0179]    The passage  520  can be simply defined by flanking two parallel horizontal plates at a certain reciprocal distance, with respective facing edges that thus define the passage  520 . 
         [0180]    In the following we describe a particular aspect of the apparatus A, schematically illustrated in  FIGS. 10 and 11 , relative to the removal of the nest  2 , which is in the pickup position P, once it has been emptied of the barrels  1 . 
         [0181]    The pickup position P can advantageously be comprised in a terminal portion of the conveyor line L vertically lowerable to bring the empty nest  2 , which rests above, to an underlying level. 
         [0182]    When it is at this underlying level, the nest is placed  2  in the same horizontal plane as the rod  32  of the pusher element. 
         [0183]    Then the robot  400  can be activated so that the bearing body  40  slides along the guides, bringing the rod  32  to push the nest  2  which is then removed from the lowerable terminal portion of the conveyor line L and sent into an unloading zone (not described in detail as it can be any one of the known types). 
         [0184]    The terminal portion is then vertically raised and the conveyor line L is activated to bring another nest  2  to rest thereon. 
         [0185]    The above has been described by way of non-limiting example, and any constructional variants are understood to fall within the ambit of protection of the technical solution, as claimed herein below.