Abstract:
A camera flash circuit employing a piezoelectric transformer in the flash trigger circuit, the piezoelectric transformer having input terminals coupled to the main flash voltage storage capacitor and an output terminal coupled to the flash trigger terminal on the flash tube. When the camera flash trigger switch is closed, the input terminals of the piezoelectric transformer are driven directly from the charge voltage stored on the flash storage capacitor to generate the necessary high voltage pulse at the flash tube trigger terminal to initiate firing of the flash tube.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
   This invention relates to camera flash circuits and more particularly to such circuits using a piezoelectric transformer device to ionize gas molecules in the flash tube to thereby initiate firing of the flash tube. 
   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Flash capable cameras, both film-based and digital electronic, typically employ a flash tube enclosing an ionizable gas, such as xenon, to create the bright flash of light needed to capture images in a low light level scene. Basic elements of a flash circuit used to fire the tube typically include a battery, a voltage converter flash charging circuit, a flash voltage storage capacitor and a trigger circuit connected to a trigger terminal associated with the flash tube. The flash charging circuit converts the low battery voltage of about 1.5 v or 3.0 v to a high flash charge voltage on the order of 330 v. This voltage is applied to the flash storage capacitor which is coupled to the input electrodes of the flash tube. The gas in the tube, in its normal state, presents an extremely high impedance which prevents the flash capacitor from discharging through the tube to create any bright flash light emission. When it is desired to take a picture, the trigger circuit responds to opening of the shutter to generate and apply to the trigger terminal an intermediate high voltage, on the order of 4,500 v that is sufficient to ionize the gas molecules in the tube. This reduces the impedance of the tube to a very low level allowing the flash capacitor to discharge the stored flash voltage through the low impedance of the flash tube thereby creating the desired intense flash of light. 
   A commonly used form of trigger circuit employs a trigger capacitor connected through a high impedance to the flash charging circuit and the flash storage capacitor to be charged to the same voltage as the flash storage capacitor. The trigger capacitor is also coupled in a circuit leading through the primary winding of a trigger voltage step-up transformer and a normally open trigger switch, the switch being actuated by the camera shutter mechanism to be closed when the shutter is opened. The secondary winding of the transformer is coupled to the trigger terminal of the flash tube. When the user initiates a picture-taking sequence by depressing the shutter release button, the trigger switch is closed causing the trigger capacitor to discharge through the primary of the trigger transformer which, in turn, generates the high voltage pulse on the trigger terminal needed to fire the flash tube as described above. 
   Other forms of flash trigger circuits have been described that use a piezoelectric device to generate the high voltage pulse for ionizing the gas in the flash tube. In an early patent U.S. Pat. No. 4,025,817, issued May 24, 1977 entitled “Trigger Device for an Electronic Flash Unit” and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, a mechanically actuated piezoelectric device is substituted in the trigger circuit for the trigger capacitor and step-up trigger transformer. The arrangement described includes a hammer and anvil that mechanically deforms the piezoelectric crystal to generate the output pulse applied to the flash tube trigger terminal. While effective, the arrangement requires added relatively complex and costly mechanical structure to actuate the piezoelectric crystal. Additionally, added circuit components are required to assure reliability of triggering of the flash tube. 
   In issued patent U.S. Pat. No. 6,564,015 B2, granted May 13, 2003, a flash circuit is described that utilizes an electronically driven piezoelectric transformer device both to charge the flash storage capacitor and to trigger the flash tube. Unlike the mechanically actuated device, a piezoelectric transformer operates in response to a voltage pulse voltage or an oscillatory voltage applied to input terminals to generate a stepped up output voltage pulse or oscillatory voltage. In prior art FIG. 7 of this patent, a pair piezoelectric transformers are each driven by an oscillatory circuit and a driver circuit to generate separately the desired output voltages. In the remaining circuits disclosed, a single piezoelectric transformer device is driven by an oscillatory circuit and a driving circuit. The voltage outputs are alternately switched to charge the flash charge capacitor and trigger firing of the flash tube, thereby accomplishing both functions with a single piezoelectric device. However, as shown by the several embodiments in the patent, limitations of the transformer device force the use of added circuit components and/or modification of the transformer output electrode connections with the transformer crystal to achieve the necessary dual functionality thereby adding cost and complexity. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   In accordance with the invention, therefore, there is provided a camera flash circuit that makes effective use of a piezoelectric transformer to trigger firing of a flash tube but without the added circuit costs and disadvantages of the above described prior art arrangements. To this end there is provided a flash circuit for a camera having a lens shutter wherein the flash circuit comprises a flash capacitor and a flash capacitor charging circuit for generating a flash discharge voltage on the flash capacitor. The flash circuit also includes a flash tube having a pair of input electrodes in an envelope enclosing gas molecules, a trigger terminal adjacent the flash tube envelope, and a flash trigger switch adapted to close at a desired time of flash illumination. The flash circuit further includes a piezoelectric transformer having an input coupled with the flash capacitor and to the flash trigger switch and an output coupled to the flash tube trigger terminal, the transformer being responsive to charge voltage on the flash capacitor upon closure of the flash trigger switch to generate a high voltage at the flash tube trigger terminal sufficient to ionize gas in the flash tube thereby causing a flash illumination from discharge of the flash capacitor voltage through the input electrodes of the flash tube. 
   An advantage of the present invention is that the piezoelectric transformer may be employed as a substitute for the flash trigger capacitor and step-up trigger transformer in present day commonly used flash circuits without the need added circuit components and without the need for special adaption of the output terminals of the transformer, thereby reducing overall cost of the circuit and simplifying changeover to the new arrangement. 
   A further advantage of the invention is that coupling the input of the piezoelectric transformer with the flash capacitor eliminates the need for a separate driving circuit as is required in the aforementioned disclosure of patent U.S. Pat. No. 6,564,015 B2. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a schematic circuit diagram of a flash camera circuit in accordance with the invention; and 
       FIGS. 2 and 3  are schematic illustrations of a camera shutter mechanism useful with the flash circuit of  FIG. 1   
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   Turning now to  FIG. 1 , a camera flash circuit  10  shown therein includes a flash charge storage capacitor  12  and a flash capacitor charging circuit  14  comprised of a battery  16 , and a power switch  18 , a step-up power transformer  20 , an NPN oscillation power transistor  22 , and resistor  24 . A diode rectifier  26  couples negative-going voltage pulses to storage capacitor  12 , to charge the capacitor in known manner, to a negative flash charge voltage of about 330 v. It should be noted that the charging circuit shown is basic in nature and that many well known variations of this basic circuit may be employed. A flash ready indicator circuit  38  is usually provided in the flash circuit and includes resistor  28  and a neon lamp  30 . The flash circuit also includes a flash tube  32  having a pair of input electrodes  32   a ,  32   b  in an envelope  34  enclosing molecules of an inert gas such as xenon. A flash trigger terminal  36  is mounted adjacent the tube envelope in known manner. 
   In accordance with the invention, a flash trigger circuit  40  is provided that comprises a piezoelectric transformer  42  having input terminals  42   a ,  42   b  coupled with the flash charge storage capacitor  12 . 
   Piezoelectric transformer  42  can take one of many possible forms. For example, in one embodiment, piezoelectric transformer  42  can comprise a so called “Rosen-type” piezoelectric transformer fabricated following the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 2,830,274 entitled “Electromechanical transducer”, U.S. Pat. No. 2,974,296, entitled “Electromechanical transducer” and U.S. Pat. No. 2,975,354 entitled “Electrical Conversion Apparatus” all filed in the name of Rosen on Jun. 29, 1954. Other variations of such transformers are well known in the art. 
   Typically such “Rosen type” transformers provide a generally unitary body of a piezoelectric material formed, for example, using polycrystalline aggregates of ferroelectric ceramics, including but not limited to barium titanate with small percentages of added in such as cobalt compositions, nickel compositions, calcium titanate and lead titanate or compositions of principally led zirconate or principally lead metanionate. The unitary body has an input portion and an output portion with the input portion having input electrodes and the output portion having output electrodes. In the &#39;354 patent, the a common electrode is used as a return for both the input and output electrodes. The application of electrical potential to the input electrodes creates mechanical thickness vibrations along one axis of the body in the input portion. These vibrations are cause axial vibrations along a different axis between the electrodes of the output portion. The piezoelectric material between electrodes of output portion converts the vibrations induced in the input portion into electrical potential at the output electrodes. The output electrodes typically span a dimension along the output portion that is greater that the span of the input electrodes on the input portion. Because of this, the amplitude of the vibration experienced by the piezoelectric material situated between the output electrodes is greater than the amplitude of the vibration created between the input electrodes and therefore the electrical potential created between the output electrodes can be many times greater than the potential that is introduced between the input electrodes. 
   In another embodiment, piezoelectric transformer  42  can comprise a multiple layer transformer. In such a multiple layer piezoelectric transformer, individual “Rosen-type” transformers are arranged in a stacked arrangement. There are various ways in which this can be done. These arrangements provide a variety of advantages in that greater power transfer is available. Examples of such multiple layer piezoelectric transformers include but are not limited to those described as being formed in accordance with WO 03/030215 entitled MULTILAYER PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSFORMER filed by Vasquez on Jan. 21, 2003. In another embodiment, an MPT3608B90 transformer sold by Xi&#39;an Kong Hong Information Technology Co., Ltd. Xian. China can be used. The MPT3608B90 is sold in a form that is adapted to convert input voltages of 5 volts to an output voltage level of 4250 volts. However, in this embodiment, input will be modified so that it is adapted to receive an input of 330 volts. Such a modification can be accomplished by making an appropriate parametric scaling change to the input electrodes of the MPT3608B90. 
   In the illustrated embodiment, one of such transformer input terminals  42   b  is coupled with capacitor  12  through contacts  44   a ,  44   b  of a flash trigger switch  44 . In  FIG. 2 , a camera shutter  46  is shown in its “at rest” position blocking camera lens  48 . When a camera user depresses the camera&#39;s shutter release button, a known mechanical linkage (not shown) swings shutter  46  counterclockwise in the drawing to unblock the optical path to the lens and to close contacts  44   a ,  44   b  of trigger switch  44 . This action directly connects both input terminals  42   a ,  42   b  of piezoelectric transformer  42  to flash storage capacitor  12  instantaneously applying the 330 v charge voltage on the storage capacitor to the transformer input terminals. This results in electrically deforming the piezoelectric crystal of the transformer to produce a high voltage pulse to the trigger terminal  36  of flash tube  32  resulting in ionization of some of the molecules of gas in the tube envelope. This, in turn, causes the interelectrode resistance of the gas to drop dramatically resulting in instantaneous discharge of the capacitor  12  charge voltage through the flash tube to generate the momentary, e.g. one millisecond, intense flash of illumination from the flash tube. It will be appreciated from the foregoing description that, unlike the prior art described above, the present invention, since the piezoelectric circuit is driven directly from the flash voltage storage capacitor, the novel circuit obviates the need for separate oscillatory and/or driver circuits for actuating the transformer. 
   It will also be appreciated from the foregoing, that the present invention can be practiced in cameras of the type that do not use a shutter switch  46  that is triggered by a mechanical shutter, such as electronic cameras, video cameras, digital cameras and the like, shutter switch  46  can comprise a coupler that is operated by an electronic signal from a camera micro-processor (not shown) or similar control circuit for such a camera. Examples of such a coupler include a voltage controlled or current controlled switch such as a transistor, an opto-coupler, an electrically controlled mechanical switch, a relay or the like. 
   The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention. 
   PARTS LIST 
   
       
         10 . camera flash circuit 
         12 . flash charge storage capacitor 
         14 . flash capacitor charging circuit 
         16 . battery 
         18 . power switch 
         20 . power transformer 
         22 . power transistor 
         24 . resistor 
         26 . diode rectifier 
         28 . resistor 
         30 . neon lamp 
         32 . flash tube 
         32   a, b  flash tube electrodes 
         34 . tube envelope 
         36 . flash trigger terminal 
         38 . flash ready indicator circuit 
         40 . flash trigger circuit 
         42 . piezoelectric transformer 
         42   a, b  input terminals 
         44 . flash trigger switch 
         44   a, b  switch contacts 
         46 . camera shutter 
         48 . camera lens