Abstract:
The present invention provides a portable workstation ergonomically designed to ease muscle tension for portable computer users. The workstation raises the computer screen to a more comfortable height for the computer user&#39;s neck, shoulders and back, and raises the computer keyboard to a more comfortable level for the user&#39;s shoulders, wrists and hands. The design also includes a raised and tilted surface with a non-slip feature to provide a computer user with easier viewing and typing options.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    This invention relates generally to computer furniture. More specifically, the invention relates to a portable work surface to support a portable computer while working from home or traveling. This invention provides a surface for a user to conveniently work anywhere, even using a portable computer. The novel features of this invention include its sturdiness, its specific design which increases a user&#39;s comfort during operation of a laptop, and its improved design to fold easily to fit within a briefcase.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION  
         [0002]    The need for a convenient portable stand for laptop owners has long been apparent. As the prevalence of computers has increased, so too has the number of laptop computers being utilized. Computers are generally of the desktop variety, allowing a user to comfortably use the computer while seated at a desk. The portable computer, or laptop, demands a similar comfort for users in an increasing variety of locations. Typically, a computer stand for a laptop provides only a surface for the computer to rest. It has replaced the use of one&#39;s lap as the primary surface on which one would rest such a computer. This concept generally has several advantages, such as, keeping the user from possibly burning his legs from the heat generated by the internal components of the computer, and allowing the user more comfortable seating during use.  
           [0003]    The concept of portable tables and collapsible tables is not a new one. Such tables attempt to provide maximum comfort for users who need a work surface for any reason in a wide variety of locations. These tables are typically used in a location which contains another convenient flat top on which to work. Currently, portable tables are used for many different uses, including eating, working, reading, and writing. With the increasing amount of portable computers, notebook computers, laptops and personal digital assistants (PDA&#39;s), such tables are used to support computers, PDA&#39;s, books and utensils for work purposes, as well as plates, forks, utensils and food for eating purposes.  
           [0004]    The increasing number of persons who own laptop computers often prefer to use them while in a seated position, whether sitting in a chair at home, seated vertically in bed, or while seated in transit on a train, plane, or other such transit vehicle. To use a laptop computer in such a fashion typically requires a user to place the computer on his/her lap. This method of use causes the user to sweat, and causes the user muscle fatigue, back aches and neck aches due to the hunched position one must be in to use a laptop in such a fashion. Therefore, laptop users generally prefer some other method of use, such as placing the computer on a portable table, stand or other support means.  
           [0005]    Also increasing is the number of (PDA) users. PDAs such as the PalmPilot® allow users to do work, write, send and receive email, schedule appointments and accomplish other useful tasks from the palm of their hand. PDA users, like laptop users, prefer to use the PDA while seated, either at home or in transit. Using such a PDA without a portable work surface requires a user to support the PDA in one hand while operating it with the other. Prolonged use of a PDA in this fashion can result in aching muscles and cramped hands. Therefore, PDA users prefer an alternative, such as placing the PDA and any accompanying paperwork on a portable table, stand or other support means.  
           [0006]    U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,719,614, 2,449,492, 2,476,620, 3,805,710, 4,119,289, 4,726,556, 5,417,168, and 5,722,624 all disclose collapsable, portable and/or adjustable stands or tables or other support means for supporting items in convenient locations. However, each has various problems and disadvantages. For example, some are uncomfortable or bulky to use, difficult to assemble, require an existing table or desk.  
           [0007]    For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,722,624, depicted in FIG. 1, describes an adjustable surface that clamps onto an existing tabletop. The prior art surface offers a support means for working, which may support a laptop computer. However, use of this type of support depends on an existing tabletop. That is, hooks  2  and arms  4  attach to the underside of an existing desk or table. This requirement limits the use of this type of portable surface. This prior art unit also suffers from two disadvantages. First, the user is required to hunch over to see the laptop screen, and second, that the position of a user&#39;s hands is not improved.  
           [0008]    U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,476,620, 3,805,710, 4,726,556, and 5,417,168 each disclose portable tables which are folding, collapsible, and self-supporting. One problem with the disclosed prior art is that the unit does not fold efficiently, due to the interference of one leg by the other. The bulky legs render the unit difficult to fold, and therefore, difficult to store. The need exists to provide a portable table which folds easily and efficiently, and therefore fits easily into small spaces.  
           [0009]    Another disadvantage with prior art portable surfaces is their instability. Such prior art tables include collapsible truss systems and collapsible triangular-shaped legs which are unstable and poorly balanced. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,164,353 and 4,726,556 provide examples of tables with such unstable leg systems. These portable tables lack balance and stability as they threaten to collapse and dump their contents which can be costly for laptop users. Therefore, the need exists to provide a portable surface which will remain stable and balanced.  
           [0010]    Further, adjustable tables are subject to a shifting center of gravity, whereby the unit becomes less stable when the unit is adjusted to different heights. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,449,492, 2,476,620, 3,805,710, 4,119,289, 4,726,556 and 5,417,168 disclose mechanisms for adjusting height adjustable tables. These mechanisms for adjusting the height of a table are often difficult or awkward to use, or involve moving parts which can be dangerous. In particular, U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,168 discloses a height adjustment means which uses two slidably engaged pipes with two sets of apertures, where each set of apertures represents a different height and can be selected through the use of an interlocking “catch member.” The disclosed height adjustment mechanism suffers from ultra-complexity as well as difficulty. To adjust the height of the disclosed invention, it requires one to align two metal tubes on each of two legs and provide that the “catch member” penetrates both holes. Therefore, the need exists for a portable work surface which can be used easily by people of varying heights.  
           [0011]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,511,758 discloses a portable collapsible desk stand, depicted in FIG. 2, designed for notebook computers to help dissipate the heat from a notebook computer. The stand disclosed includes a tilt for more comfortable use, acknowledging the need for a more comfortable portable laptop stand design. However, it discloses a stand which is overly complex to use (i.e., to open and close). That is, sides  11  and  11 ′ are connected to one another with collapsible arm  13 , which is secured with pins  14  and  16 . This type of stand is unduly complicated and unstable for use during travel, is fixed at a low height (not idea for maximum comfort), and is unstable and difficult to balance. For example, disclosed is a large folding ‘H’ created by sides  11  and  11 ′ and collapsible arm formed by  13  and  13 ′, the torque caused by movement on the surface of the table necessarily renders the unit unstable. Further, placing any object or objects other than a uniformly weighted object (such as a laptop computer) on top of the unit may often cause it to tip. Finally, such a unit is not designed for use during travel. The stand depicted in FIG. 2 is only useful when a user needs to work on an existing flat surface. Since the unit disclosed only has legs  11  and  11 ′, the unit does not fit comfortably on a user&#39;s lap. Therefore, to maximize stability and efficiency, the unit needs to be supported by an already flat surface such as a table or desk. A further disadvantage is that if either of pins  14  or  16  is accidentally lost, the unit would be rendered unusable. Also, the unit does not elevate the laptop to a comfortable level, causing discomfort to a user&#39;s hands while working, and strain on a user&#39;s neck caused by constantly looking down at the screen. Therefore, the need exists for a portable, stable unit which can support a laptop, and which can be comfortably used during travel and on any surface, and which can provide a laptop user with comfort to the back, neck and hands.  
           [0012]    Next, U.S. Pat. No. 6,115,249 discloses a typical prior art laptop computer stand, as depicted in FIG. 3, having an enhanced cooling feature, and which is horizontally planar, and compact in nature. This general prior art design suffers from several disadvantages. Shown are base  21  and stand member  23 , with upwardly extending feet members  25 ,  26 ,  27 ,  28 . First, the horizontally planar nature of the stand forces the typical laptop user to hunch over, straining the back, neck and shoulders. Base  21  and stand member  23  do not increase the height of the unit so as to allow the user to alleviate stresses within the neck, back and shoulders. The unit does contain upwardly extending feet members  25 ,  26 ,  27 ,  28  to raise the bottom surface of the base of the computer stand to provide ambient air access. The upwardly extending feet members  25 ,  26 ,  27 ,  28  do not substantially increase the height of the laptop computer. The vertical length of upwardly extending feet members  25 ,  26 ,  27 ,  28  depends on the amount of cooling desired. Further, the horizontal surface forces the user to strain his/her wrists while using the laptop, by not allowing the wrists to arch. The compactness of the unit forces the typical user to hunch over to read the screen as well, as forcing the users wrists to strain while typing. In fact, the only comfort benefit which the stand depicted in FIG. 3 discloses is the removal of unwanted heat. Thus, the prior art laptop stands suffer from several disadvantages and a need exists to develop a portable computer stand which will not force a user to hunch over and strain his/her back, neck, and shoulders.  
           [0013]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,896,817 discloses an entire computer desk having a tilted work surface with an adjustable feature which allows a user to select the degree of tilt (e.g., between 30 and 60 degrees). The disadvantage of this design is that it is an entire desk design, which renders it stationary, and thus not applicable to a portable unit.  
           [0014]    A need for a comfortable alternative to the prior art is widely recognized in the art. Several prior art references attempt to solve this problem For example, in an attempt to facilitate a laptop-user&#39;s comfort, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,470,041, 4,648,574 and 3,936,026 disclose a rotatable laptop computer stand support having a swivel base. U.S. Pat. No. 5,553,824 provides a further attempt at providing comfort by disclosing a laptop computer tray with adjustable length. Finally, U.S. Pat. No. 5,137,236 discloses a swivel tripod support apparatus. None of these prior art patents remedied the problem associated with a laptop user&#39;s discomfort.  
           [0015]    A review of the known prior art shows a need for a laptop stand designed specifically to relieve the stresses and discomfort which accompany laptop usage. The known prior art makes no reference to providing a portable laptop stand for its common seated use, which reduces the muscle strain in a user&#39;s head, shoulders, neck and back. Therefore, there exists a need to develop an improved portable laptop stand which relieves the discomfort in the back, neck, shoulders and wrists of a laptop user, which is light-weight and compact for convenient transportation, and which maintains the flexibility to be used in a number of different ways (e.g., on a table, on a lap while sitting, etc.).  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0016]    An object of the present invention is to provide an easy to use portable laptop computer stand which alleviates the muscle strains normally associated with laptop usage. More particularly, the invention provides a portable computer stand specifically designed to reduce muscle strain in a user&#39;s neck. The present invention also discloses a particular height which allows the typical laptop user to direct his/her eyes more horizontally as well. This unique design also helps keep a user&#39;s head level, thereby further relieving neck strain usually associated with laptop use. That is, the stand includes a raised and tilted work surface (preferably  38  degrees) so a user is not forced to crane his/her neck, thereby alleviating the muscle stress associated with laptop usage. The raised and tilted work surface allows a user&#39;s eyes to focus more horizontally, keeping the user&#39;s head level. By keeping a user&#39;s head up, the stress on the user&#39;s neck is reduced considerably.  
           [0017]    Another object of the invention is to alleviate the back muscle strain usually associated with laptop usage. The tilt of the work surface and the raised height of the laptop screen when extended, approaches eye level. Therefore, to comfortably view the laptop screen, the user&#39;s back can remain upright, relieving the stress associated with laptop usage. The height of the surface disclosed within the current invention allows a user to type comfortably without lowering his/her arms to reach the keyboard. By keeping the user&#39;s hands and elbows up, the user&#39;s back remains straightened throughout use. Therefore, the stand is ergonomically designed to alleviate the back stress normally accompanying prolonged laptop use.  
           [0018]    Another object of the invention is to relieve the shoulder muscle stresses associated with laptop use. As described above, the raised and tilted work surface keeps a user&#39;s head level and back straightened. This positioning aligns the user&#39;s head and spine, therefore forcing the shoulders to be positioned over the torso. By keeping the shoulders in line, the current invention reduces or eliminates muscle strain usually accompanying prolonged laptop use.  
           [0019]    Another object of the current invention is to relieve wrist strain associated with laptop usage. The raised and tilted work surface discussed above allows a user to type more comfortably. The laptop, when placed on the raised and tilted work surface presents a keyboard which is ergonomically pleasant to a user&#39;s wrists. It is commonly known that a raised and tilted typing surface is less likely to cause carpal-tunnel syndrome in frequent typists, as the wrist is allowed to arch properly during typing. The current invention&#39;s raised and tilted work surface allows the laptop (and therefore the laptop keyboard) which is placed thereon to be raised and tilted, thereby relieving some of the stress placed on a laptop user&#39;s wrists. The height of the current invention allows a user&#39;s wrists to arch correctly, raising the wrists, elbows and shoulders to a comfortable level. By keeping a user&#39;s wrists up, the current invention aligns the user&#39;s hand, wrist and arm. This alignment provides a user with maximum comfort and could help prevent the onset of carpel-tunnel syndrome, and could relieve the wrist muscle stresses normally associated with laptop usage.  
           [0020]    Yet another object of the invention is to provide a sturdy, safe and comfortable working area for use with a laptop computer. One embodiment contains a shelf between the legs of the stand, below the surface. This shelf increases the sturdiness of the invention by providing extra lateral support. The extra support allows the user to enjoy working with a laptop on the invention without worrying about the unit collapsing, dumping its contents, or injuring the user.  
           [0021]    Still another object of the invention is to provide a portable work surface for use with a laptop computer. One embodiment has hinges which allow the invention to collapse into a substantially flat unit, suitable for carrying in a briefcase, carry-on luggage bag, or the like. Prior art desk stands are bulky and awkward for traveling, while the present invention is small and easily folded to fit in a briefcase or other travel bag. This allows for the convenient use of one&#39;s laptop computer while away from home or office.  
           [0022]    Another object of the current invention is to provide a comfortable office away from the office. Alternative embodiments of the current invention have storage space for pencils, pens, paper, and work. Further, the shelf beneath the computer surface allows the user to keep any necessary materials (i.e. disks, papers, notebooks, etc.) within reach to use when needed.  
           [0023]    Other objects, features, and characteristics of the present invention, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of the structure, and the combination of parts and economies of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0024]    A further understanding of the present invention can be obtained by reference to a preferred embodiment set forth in the illustrations of the accompanying drawings. Although the illustrated embodiment is merely exemplary of systems for carrying out the present invention, both the organization and method of operation of the invention, in general, together with further objectives and advantages thereof, may be more easily understood by reference to the drawings and the following description. The drawings are not intended to limit the scope of this invention, which is set forth with particularity in the claims as appended or as subsequently amended, but merely to clarify and exemplify the invention.  
         [0025]    For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following drawings in which:  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 1 shows a prior art computer stand according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,722,624;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 2A shows a perspective view of a prior art collapsible laptop support according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,511,758;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 2B shows a side view of the prior art collapsible laptop support according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,511,758;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 3 shows a prior art laptop support according to U.S. Pat. No. 6,115,249;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the portable computer stand according to the invention;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 4A shows a side view of the portable computer stand depicted in FIG. 4;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 4B is a front view of the portable computer in a collapsed position;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 4C is a side view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in a collapsed position;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 5 shows a side view of the preferred embodiment of a hinge assembly, for use in connection with the portable computer stand of the present invention;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 6 shows a top plan view of a “snap-in” fastener of the hinge assembly depicted in FIG. 5;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 7A shows a front view of an alternative embodiment of the portable computer stand according to the present invention;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 7B shows a side view of the portable computer stand shown in FIG. 7A; and  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 7C shows a top plan view of the portable computer stand shown in FIG. 7A. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0039]    As required, a detailed illustrative embodiment of the present invention is disclosed herein. However, techniques, systems and operating structures in accordance with the present invention may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and modes, some of which may be quite different from those in the disclosed embodiment. Consequently, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative, yet in that regard, they are deemed to afford the best embodiment for purposes of disclosure and to provide a basis for the claims herein which define the scope of the present invention. The following presents a detailed description of a preferred embodiment (as well as some alternative embodiments) of the present invention.  
         [0040]    Referring first to FIG. 4, shown is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. As depicted, back  33  is connected to side panels  35  and  35 ′ via hinges  37 . Back  33  is also connected to surface  31  via hinges  37 . Surface  31  rests on the edges of side panels  35  and  35 ′, thereby allowing surface  31  to remain in a raised and tilted position. Surface  31  of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is textured to keep materials from slipping around on surface  31 . Preferably, surface  31  is between twelve and seventeen inches wide to accommodate a wide range of work environments. In the preferred embodiment, surface  31  measures approximately twelve inches to accommodate a laptop or notebook computer. In alternative embodiments, surface  31  has a much smaller width to provide a comfortable work area for devices smaller than laptops (e.g., PDA&#39;s, etc.) or a surface for paperwork, or surface  31  has a width as large as seventeen inches to accommodate a laptop, mousepad and pencil holding devices built in. Surface  31  is smooth, flat and free from any encumbrances in its preferred embodiment. However, in alternative embodiments, surface  31  may be textured and may include a non-slip surface, or may be form-fitted to hold pencils and other work tools. Surface  31  may also contain work enhancement objects such as a clip for holding documents, a built in reading lamp, a mousepad, etc. Also, surface  31  is preferably between ten and fourteen inches deep. The depth of surface  31  allows a user to maximize comfort as well as work area. In the preferred embodiment, surface  31  is approximately twelve inches in depth (i.e., deep enough to accommodate a laptop or notebook computer). The front of surface  31  preferably extends from the top of side panels  35  and  35 ′, located approximately three inches off a user&#39;s lap, to the top of side panels  35  and  35 ′ at back  33 , approximately between seven and ten inches off the user&#39;s lap. Surface  31  is preferably positioned at an angle of between thirty and sixty degrees. In the preferred embodiment, surface  31  extends from the front of the present invention, approximately three inches above a user&#39;s lap, to back  33  of the present invention, approximately nine inches above a user&#39;s lap, where surface  31  is positioned at an angle of approximately thirty-eight degrees.  
         [0041]    Changing the dimensions of side panels  35  and  35 ′ will result in altering the height and tilt of surface  31 . Side panels  35  and  35 ′ preferably provide approximately two to six inches in height to the present invention to allow the user maximum comfort in working. The user&#39;s hands, wrists, neck, shoulders and back are most comfortable working on surface  31  located two to six inches above the user&#39;s lap. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, side panels  35  and  35 ′ are three inches high, allowing the user to work on a surface three inches above his/her lap, or other flat work surface. This embodiment is especially useful during airline travel, as it allows a user to work on an airplane tray table in a relaxed manner. Raised and tilted surface  31  maintains an adequate distance between the unit and the back of the seat in front of the user, even when the front of that seat is reclined, to allow the user to work comfortably throughout the flight.  
         [0042]    Further, in an alternative embodiment, side panels  35  and  35 ′ are wide enough to allow a user to set side panels  35  and  35 ′ down on his/her lap while utilizing the present invention. For example, side panels  35  and  35 ′ may be two to three inches wide, with twelve to twenty inches between them. In alternative embodiments, side panels  35  and  35 ′ are spaced apart such that the user can comfortably place the invention over his/her lap (i.e., with the lap fully between side panels  55  and  55 ′). In yet another alternative embodiment, side panels  35  and  35 ′ may have an attachment on the bottom of side panels  35  and  35 ′ which extends between them to comfortably rest on a user&#39;s lap.  
         [0043]    Further depicted in FIG. 4 is lip  39  centered on the front edge of surface  31 , midway between side panels  35  and  35 ′, and raised in order to keep items such as laptop computers from slipping off surface  31 . In alternative embodiments, lip  39  can be of varying lengths, or extending completely from side panel  35  to side panel  35 ′. In another alternative embodiment, lip  39  can be off center, or several lips can be present. Lip  39 , like the rest of the present invention, may be constructed from any hard material such as wood, metal or hard plastics, or may be constructed from softer materials such as sponge, foam or soft plastics. Lip  39  may also be covered by a pillow-like material to enhance the user&#39;s comfort in the wrists and help minimize or even prevent carpel-tunnel syndrome. Lip  39  may have a rectangular, semicircular, triangular or other shaped cross-section. Lip  39  may also have a form-fitted base to snugly fit a laptop computer, handheld PC, pens, paper or PDA. In yet another alternative embodiment, lip  39  may be attached anywhere on surface  31  to allow for useful attachments. For example, lip  39  may be attached two inches from the end of surface  31 , and a pencil case may be placed within the remaining two inches. Lip  39  need not be linear, nor must it be attached in a manner parallel to any edge of surface  31 . An especially preferred embodiment of lip  39  is small and narrow, as well as centered on surface  31  to allow access to a laptop&#39;s CD-ROM and disk drives. Different examples of lips are those specially designed to grip laptops, notebook computers, paperwork, PDAs and lips that contain cupholders and other accessories.  
         [0044]    Still referring to FIG. 4, hinges  37  are used to connect the separate parts of the present invention. With respect to each connection, hinges  37  are located along a parallel axis to afford stability and uniformity. A plurality of hinges is used to increase stability and durability, most preferably an odd number of hinges. In the most preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 4, one of hinges  37  is located midway along the unit&#39;s axis (i.e., midway between side panels  35  and  35 ′), and two are located along the axis, equidistant from the midway point of the axis. The symmetry around the midway point also increases stability and durability, as well as simplicity during storage of the folded unit.  
         [0045]    Referring next to FIG. 4A, shown is a side view of a preferred embodiment the present invention. In this embodiment, surface  31  is connected to back  33  with hinges, surface  31  rests on side panel  35 , and back  33  is connected to side panel  35  at hinges  37 . This preferred embodiment is collapsible into a very thin apparatus by raising surface  31 , then folding side panel  35  inward, (another side panel located on the opposite side folds inward as well) and then lowering surface  31  over back  33  and side panels  35 .  
         [0046]    Still referring to FIG. 4A, hinges  37  allow side panel  35  to fold flat on top of back  33 . In this preferred embodiment, hinges  37  are arranged in such a way that the collapsed stand has a depth of one half inch. In alternative embodiments, hinges  37  may be arranged such that the collapsed stand has a depth of less than one inch, to facilitate storage in a briefcase, airplane carry-on bag, or like toting device.  
         [0047]    In the preferred embodiment depicted in FIG. 4A, surface  31  is positioned at an angle a with the horizontal plane, and has flap  32  which extends vertically downward from surface  31 , and fits snugly over top front of side panel  35  to prevent wobbling of surface  31  and to lock it in place. Flap  32  is a U-shaped appendage attached to both sides of the bottom of surface  31 , the purpose of which is to lock surface  31  to side panel  35 . Flap  32  may limit the range of motion of side panel  35 , allowing it to extend to a maximum position perpendicular to back  33 . Flap  32  may include a notch or other means for securing side panel  35  in position perpendicular to back  33 . In alternative embodiments, flap  32  attaches to said side panel using a temporary attaching means such as velcro or magnets, providing the stand with greater stability and support. Therefore, side panels  35  will always be in the proper position to offer ultimate comfort, and proper support.  
         [0048]    In alternative embodiments, side panel  35  can be replaced with several other side panel units, with varying shapes, in order to vary angle α and the height of surface  31 . Preferably, angle α is within the range of thirty to forty-five degrees. In a most preferred embodiment, angle α is thirty-eight degrees.  
         [0049]    Referring next to FIG. 4B, shown is a front view of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in a collapsed position. As depicted, side panels  35  and  35 ′ fold along hinges  37  to a position approximately parallel to back  33 . Surface  31  folds along hinges  37  to a position approximately parallel to back  33 . When collapsed, the unit comprises four panels approximately parallel to one another, in a substantially stacked position. In the preferred embodiment, all four panels fold so as to be exactly parallel with one another, creating a thin stack for simple storage and carrying. Therefore, the preferred embodiment, in a collapsed state, is only as thick as the depth of the panels, as depicted in FIG. 4C. In alternative embodiments, the unit further comprises a handle for easy transportation, and a locking mechanism to keep all four panels stationary throughout transit.  
         [0050]    Referring now to FIG. 5, shown is a side view of a hinge assembly according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Depicted is hinge  41  attaching back  43  and side panel  45 . In this embodiment, side panel  45  is attached to the wedge and back  43  contains the holders depicted in FIG. 6. Further, the connection comprises hook  44  to allow the unit to appear seamless, as the end of side panel  45  can be positioned flush to back  43 , and at a right angle thereto. Hook  44  is a right angle, but in alternative embodiments, hook  44  can be of varying angles and lengths, or nonexistent.  
         [0051]    Referring next to FIG. 6, shown is a top plan view of a “snap-in” fastener of the hinge assembly depicted in FIG. 5. As shown, hinge  41  comprises an interlocking device created by wedge  47  interlocking with holders  48  and  48 ′. In a most preferred embodiment, wedge  47  is constructed such that it has tips  49  and  49 ′ wherein said tips comprise a locking means to interlock with holders  48  and  48 ′. Hinge  41  is then constructed by forcing tips  49  and  49 ′ toward one another and squeezing tips  49  and  49 ′ of wedge  47  between holders  48  and  48 ′, which are separated by a distance approximately equal to the distance between tips  49  and  49 ′. The locking device of tips  49  and  49 ′ are then integrated with holders  48  and  48 ′ to form the interlocking device. In the preferred embodiment, holders  48  and  48 ′ are located on parts of the present invention. In other words, hinge  41  is constructed by connecting the panels of the current invention, with wedge  47  attached to one panel (i.e. the surface) and holders  48  and  48 ′ integrated as part of another panel (i.e., the back). Thus, the unit of the preferred embodiment is connected by a plurality of hinges similar to hinge  41 .  
         [0052]    In a most preferred embodiment, wedge  47  is constructed in a “W” shape, with points on tips  49  and  49 ′ to lock wedge  47  within holders  48  and  48 ′. In this manner, hinge  41  allows for a virtually seamless connection between panels in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0053]    Referring next to FIG. 7A, shown is a front view of one embodiment of portable computer stand  50  according to the present invention. As shown, portable stand  50  comprises surface  51  having lip  57 , legs  53  and shelf  55 . Surface  51  is attached to legs  53  through any attachment means commonly known in the art with shelf  55  positioned between legs  53  below surface  51 . Legs  53  preferably provide approximately two to six inches in height to stand  50  to allow the user maximum comfort in working. The user&#39;s hands, wrists, neck, shoulders and back are most comfortable working on surface  51  located two to six inches above the user&#39;s lap. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, legs  53  are three inches high, allowing the user to work on a surface three inches above his/her lap, or other flat work surface. This embodiment is especially useful during airline travel, as it allows a user to work on an airplane tray table in a relaxed manner. Raised and tilted surface  51  maintains an adequate distance between the unit and the back of the seat in front of the user, even when the front of that seat is reclined, to allow the user to work comfortably throughout the flight.  
         [0054]    Further, one alternative embodiment of the present invention comprises legs  53  which are wide enough to allow a user to set legs  53  down on his/her lap while utilizing stand  50 . For example, legs  53  may be two to three inches wide, with twelve to twenty inches between them. In alternative embodiments, legs  53  are spaced apart such that the user can comfortably place the invention over his/her lap (i.e., with the lap fully between legs  3 ). In yet another alternative embodiment, legs  53  may have an attachment on the bottom of legs  53  which extends between them to comfortably rest on a user&#39;s lap. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention is used on an airplane during travel. Raised and tilted work surface  51  maintains a comfortable distance between the user and the rear of the seat in front of the user, even when the seat in front of the user is reclined.  
         [0055]    In the embodiment depicted by FIG. 7A, surface  51  is smooth, flat and free from any encumbrances. However, surface  51  may be textured and may include a non-slip surface, or may be form-fitted to hold pencils and other work tools. Surface  51  may also contain work enhancement objects such as a clip for holding documents, a built in reading lamp, a mousepad, etc.  
         [0056]    Also shown in FIG. 7A is lip  57  along the front edge of surface  51 , which provides support to keep articles on surface  51  (i.e., to prevent those articles from shifting, sliding or falling off surface  51 ). Lip  57 , like the rest of stand  50 , may be constructed from any hard material such as wood, metal or hard plastics, or may be constructed from softer materials such as sponge, foam or soft plastics. Lip  57  may also be covered by a pillow-like material to enhance the user&#39;s comfort in the wrists and help minimize or even prevent carpel-tunnel syndrome. Preferably, surface  51  is between twelve and seventeen inches wide to accommodate a wide range of work environments. In the preferred embodiment, surface  51  measures approximately twelve inches to accommodate a laptop or notebook computer. In alternative embodiments, surface  51  has a much smaller width to provide a comfortable work area for devices smaller than laptops (e.g., PDA&#39;s, etc.) or a surface for paperwork, or surface  51  has a width as large as seventeen inches to accommodate a laptop, mousepad and pencil holding devices built in.  
         [0057]    Also, surface  51  is preferably between ten and fourteen inches deep. The depth of surface  51  allows a user to maximize comfort as well as work area. In the preferred embodiment, surface  51  is approximately twelve inches in depth (i.e., deep enough to accommodate a laptop or notebook computer). The front of surface  51  preferably extends from the top of legs  53 , located approximately three inches off a user&#39;s lap, to the top of legs  53  at back of the unit, approximately between seven and ten inches off the user&#39;s lap. Surface  51  is preferably positioned at an angle of between thirty and forty-five degrees. In the preferred embodiment, surface  51  extends from the front of the stand  50 , approximately three inches above a user&#39;s lap, to the back of stand  50 , approximately nine inches above a user&#39;s lap, where surface  51  is positioned at an angle of approximately thirty-eight degrees.  
         [0058]    In one embodiment of the invention, each of legs  53  have notches on their inner sides for attaching shelf  55 . optionally, each of legs  53  has multiple sets of notches to allow for height adjustment of shelf  55 . Shelf  55  also provides stand  50  with extra lateral support, enhancing its stability and durability. Alternatively, shelf  55  may be attached to legs  53  using brackets. In yet another alternative embodiment, legs  55  have holes corresponding to different shelf heights, and shelf  55  rests on pins placed into these holes. In still another alternative embodiment, shelf  55  is mounted on sliding brackets between legs  53 , allowing shelf  55  to slide out towards the user. In another alternative embodiment, one or more drawers, or storage area may be located below surface  51  between legs  53 . Shelf  55  may have a flat face, or a form-fitted face with areas for pencils, paper, or other work tools. Shelf  55  may also have a clip or other means to hold work tools in place during adjustment or use of shelf  55 . In the preferred embodiment, shelf  55  is rectangular, however, shelf  55  may be circular, triangular, hexagonal, or some other shape.  
         [0059]    In a preferred embodiment, legs  53  may be connected to surface  51  by hinges. The back of surface  51  is connected to the back of the unit by hinges, and the back of legs  53  are connected to the back of the unit by hinges. Once the user removes shelf  55 , legs  53  fold along the. hinges and the unit collapses into an easily portable unit. When collapsed, this embodiment measures approximately twelve inches in length, twelve inches in width, (i.e., the exact length and width of surface  11 ) and one and a half inches in depth.  
         [0060]    Referring next to FIG. 7B, shown is a side view of one embodiment of the present invention. Shown are leg  53  and shelf  55 . As depicted in FIG. 7B, surface  51  has at its lower (or front) end lip  57  for holding laptop computer  58  in position on surface  51 . Lip  57  may have a rectangular, semicircular, triangular or other shaped cross-section. Lip  57  may also have a form-fitted base to snugly fit a laptop computer, handheld PC, pens, paper or PDA. In yet another alternative embodiment, lip  57  may be attached anywhere on surface  51  to allow for useful attachments. For example, lip  57  may be attached two inches from the end of surface  51 , and a pencil case may be placed within the remaining two inches. Lip  57  need not be linear, nor must it be attached in a manner parallel to any edge of surface  51 . An especially preferred embodiment of lip  57  is small and narrow, as well as centered on surface  51  to allow access to a laptop&#39;s CD-ROM and disk drives. Different examples of lips are those specially designed to grip laptops, notebook computers, paperwork, PDAs and lips that contain cupholders and other accessories.  
         [0061]    Referring still to FIG. 7B, shown is the position of shelf  55 , which is fixed in a position below surface  51 , and above the bottom of leg  53 . In alternative embodiments, a plurality of shelves may be included, adjustable or movable. In yet another alternative embodiment, shelf  55  may be positioned adjacent to the bottom of leg  53 , thereby forming a base for stand  50 . This base may have a flat, textured or form fitted top side, and a flat, form fitted, textured or padded bottom side. The bottom side of this base can serve as a padded cushion for use on the user&#39;s lap. In yet another embodiment, a shelf may be placed between the base and the surface such that the unit contains both a base and a shelf, each containing a top side that may be used as a storage area for papers, books, and other necessary work items. This embodiment provides increasing stability due to the presence of multiple lateral supports.  
         [0062]    Referring next to FIG. 7C, shown is a top plan view of one embodiment of the portable computer stand  50  of the present invention. In particular, FIG. 7C shows surface  51  with lip  57  on its front edge, centered along the edge, and legs  53  extending from the back of surface  51 . This design increases comfort for the user, as the long and wide legs distribute the weight of stand  50  and its contents more uniformly on a user&#39;s lap.  
         [0063]    While the present invention has been described with reference to one or more preferred embodiments, such embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to be limiting or represent an exhaustive enumeration of all aspects of the invention. The scope of the invention, therefore, shall be defined solely by the following claims. Further, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that numerous changes may be made in such details without departing from the spirit and the principles of the invention. It should be appreciated that the present invention is capable of being embodied in other forms without departing from its essential characteristics.