Abstract:
In at least some embodiments, a system for removing contaminants from fluids includes a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The system also includes a fluid pump between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet and a filter material between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet. The filter material comprises a dual-valence polymer with negative valence monomer groups and positive valence monomer groups, the negative valence being stronger than the positive valence.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/072,043, entitled “Water-Filtering Media and Filters”, filed Mar. 3, 2005 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,425,266, which claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 60/550,126, entitled “Filter/Monitor Able To Remove Water From Alcohol Blended Hydrocarbon Fuels And To Detect Commencement Of Phase Separation Of Alcohol,” filed on Mar. 4, 2004, all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     In the gasoline and diesel-fuel industry, the quality of fuel being dispensed is of great importance. To assure that only clean fuel is dispensed into a customer&#39;s vehicle, filters may be positioned in the flow stream of fuel dispensers to remove dirt and solid particulates from the gasoline or diesel being dispensed. Also, water has been recognized as harmful to vehicle engines. For example, truck engines and auto engines that implement fuel injector systems are sensitive to water. 
     In recent years, alcohols such as Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) and Ethyl alcohol (i.e., Ethanol) have been blended into gasoline to act as an oxygenate to reduce the amount of semi-combusted hydrocarbons that are discharged into the atmosphere by motor vehicles. However, several problems are created by blending alcohols with gasoline and diesel fuel. For example, MTBE&#39;s have been determined to be a potential contaminant to aquifers and well water due to their ability to resist biodegradation. Also, MTBE&#39;s are possibly hazardous as a carcinogen. Ethanol is a possible alternative to MTBE&#39;s, but attracts water more aggressively than MTBE alcohol. As a result, the amount of water that may be drawn into Ethanol-blended fuels is increased. 
     Regardless of the strong attraction to water, Ethanol blended fuels as high as eighty-five percent Ethanol to fifteen percent gasoline (E-85 Fuel) are being investigated for use in the fuel dispensing industry. Although other benefits may exist, the objective of fuels such as E-85 is to provide a fuel that reduces atmospheric pollutions over that produced from hydrocarbon fuels and to reduce dependence on foreign oil. 
     To promote the use of Ethanol blended fuel, the auto industry has begun producing engines capable of using both regular gasoline fuel and E-85 fuel. Also, the fuel dispensing industry has developed fuel dispensers capable of dispensing E-85 without rusting or otherwise damaging the dispensers. However, improvements in filtration technology are needed to effectively remove water from alcohol-blended fuels such as E-85. 
     Due to the chemistry of alcohol, a certain amount of water can be dissolved in an alcohol-blended fuel (i.e., the alcohol bonds with the water) creating alcohol-water molecules. These alcohol-water molecules are heavier than other molecules in the blended fuel and gradually descend. The descent of alcohol-water molecules can cause an uneven distribution of alcohol within a fuel tank (e.g., the fuel in the lower portions of the tank eventually have a higher concentration of alcohol and water molecules). The uneven distribution of alcohol in an alcohol-blended fuel is referred to phase-separated fuel. Also, if the water reaches a maximum amount that the alcohol-blended fuel can dissolve, any additional water will separate from the blended fuel as phase-separated water and eventually settle at the bottom of the tank. 
     There are several problems that are caused by water. First, the creation of alcohol-water molecules degrades the performance of the blended fuel. Second, the heavier alcohol-water molecules cause an uneven concentration of alcohol in a blended fuel (i.e., phase-separate fuel) which causes lower burn temperatures (e.g., temperatures produced by a fuel containing less alcohol than expected) and higher burn temperatures (e.g., temperatures produced by a fuel containing more alcohol than expected). A lower burn temperature increases pollutants and a higher burn temperature is potentially damaging to engine parts. Third, phase-separated water acts as an abrasive causing damage to engine parts. 
     Existing water filters implement water-absorbing polymers having an anionic (negative) valence. These water-absorbing polymers attract and bond with the cationic (positive) valence of the water (H 2 O) molecules that are passing through the water-absorbing media of the filter. However, in alcohol-blended fuels, the alcohol (due to its strong negative valence field) is repulsed by the negative valence field of the water-absorbing polymers. The combined influence of the covalent bond between alcohol-water molecules and the repulsion of the alcohol molecules from the water-absorbing polymers prevents current water-absorbing polymers from filtering (i.e., removing or retaining) water effectively. 
     Another problem with existing filters is that the water-absorbing polymers are derived from organic biomass such as cornstarch or cellulose with a methacrylic or other acid to form the water-absorbing polymers. The organic base of these water-absorbing polymers is subject to being degraded by bacteria and other microorganisms (i.e., life forms) that are normally found in water that is in gasoline or diesel storage tanks. The carbohydrate (starch) portion of these polymers acts as a food source that allows the life forms that are in water to proliferate within the filter. These life forms can disarm the filter&#39;s ability to remove water from fuel or to hold water that had previously been removed. 
     SUMMARY 
     In at least some embodiments, a filter comprises a filtering media. The filtering media is impregnated with chemical compounds that effectively retain water molecules and water-alcohol molecules but not alcohol molecules. The filter also comprises a liquid channeling structure, wherein the liquid channeling structure directs liquid entering an input of the filter to flow through the filtering media before exiting an output of the filter. 
     In at least some embodiments, the filtering media comprises a polymer backbone and monomer groups on the polymer backbone. The monomer groups exhibit a negative valence upon exposure to water and a positive valence upon exposure to alcohol, wherein water-alcohol molecules that are introduced to the water-filtering media bond with at least one negative valence monomer group and at least one positive valence monomer group. The monomer groups are selected from non-naturally occurring monomers that are resistant to biodegradation due to life-forms found in water. 
     The filters may be implemented in the form of spin-on filters, in-line filters or cartridge filters. Also, the filters may be implemented in fuel dispensing systems, vehicles or portable units to filter alcohol-blended fuels such as E-85. If the filter retains more than a threshold amount of water molecules or water-alcohol molecules, the filter prevents the flow of fuel. A user of the filter is able to monitor the amount of water being collected in a fuel tank by tracking how often a filter needs to be replaced. In this manner, a user can approximate when phase-separation of water in a fuel tank has occurred or will soon occur. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which: 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a filtering media in accordance with embodiments of the invention; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates using the filter media in accordance with embodiments of the invention; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a cross-section view of a filter in accordance with embodiments of the invention; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a portion of the filter of  FIG. 3  before filtering water in accordance with embodiments of the invention; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a portion of the filter of  FIG. 3  after filtering water in accordance with embodiments of the invention; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a fuel dispensing system in accordance with embodiments of the invention; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a filtering process in accordance with alternative embodiments of the invention; and 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a method in accordance with embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
    
     NOMENCLATURE 
     Certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims to refer to particular system components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, filter companies may refer to a component by different names. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to . . . ” 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following discussion is directed to various embodiments of the invention. Although one or more of these embodiments may be preferred, the embodiments disclosed should not be interpreted, or otherwise used, as limiting the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, unless otherwise specified. In addition, one skilled in the art will understand that the following description has broad application, and the discussion of any embodiment is meant only to be illustrative of that embodiment, and not intended to suggest that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to that embodiment. 
     Embodiments of the invention are intended to filter water from alcohol-blended fuels such as E-85.  FIG. 1  illustrates a filtering media  100  (e.g., a laminated media) in accordance with embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 1 , the filtering media  100  comprises a water-absorbing structure  102  between a particle-removing medium  104  and another medium  106 . The particle-removing medium  104  comprises a micro-glass or cellulose medium capable of filtering particles that range in size, for example, between 5 and 50 microns. Alternatively, the particle-removing medium  104  may comprise another particle-removing medium now known or later developed (e.g., a paper medium). The other medium  106  may comprise a layer of woven or non-woven material. 
     The water-absorbing structure  102  comprises a fiber-glass matting  108  that has been impregnated with a water-absorbing polymer  110 . In at least some embodiments, the water-absorbing polymer  110  comprises a non-organic based crossed-linked polymer. For example, the water-absorbing polymer  110  may be based on synthetically-produced non-naturally occurring monomers. Because the water-absorbing polymer  110  does not contain organic constituents or carbohydrates, biodegradation from bacteria and microorganisms that are in water found in fuel storage tanks is avoided. 
     The constituents of the water-absorbing polymer  110  are chosen from non-naturally occurring monomers that exhibit a strong negative valence field on exposure to water and a less strong positive valence field on exposure to an alcohol. The valence of the water-absorbing polymer  110  is unique due to the selection of monomers of the polymerization formula. In at least some embodiments, the water-absorbing polymer  110  contains both cationic and anionic groups that are attached to the backbone of the polymeric structure. The magnetic fields exhibited by the cationic groups and the anionic groups facilitate the water-absorbing polymer&#39;s ability to encapsulate water even if the water is covalently bonded to alcohol groups of an alcohol-blended fuel such as E-85. 
     The cationic and anionic groups can be derived from non-organic groups that exhibit a negative charge upon exposure to water and a positive charge upon exposure to an alcohol. In at least some embodiments, the water-absorbing polymer  110  is derived from non-organic and non-naturally occurring monomers that are selected from carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, sulfonates, phosphonates, propenoic acids, alpha-methyl-propenoic acids, beta-methyl-propenoic acids, poly-acrylic acids, acrylic acids, maleic acids, fumaric acids, maleic anhydrides, fumaric anhydrides, alpha-ethylenically unsaturated mono-carboxycilic acids, beta-ethylenically unsaturated mono-carboxycilic acids, alpha-ethylenically unsaturated di-carboxycilic acids, beta-ethylenically unsaturated di-carboxycilic acids, alpha-ethylenically unsaturated mono-carboxycilic anhydrides, beta-ethylenically unsaturated mono-carboxycilic anhydrides, alpha-ethylenically unsaturated di-carboxycilic anhydrides and beta-ethylenically unsaturated di-carboxycilic anhydrides or any other non-organic monomer groups that yield an effective negative charge upon exposure to water and simultaneously yield an effective positive charge upon exposure to alcohol. 
     In at least some embodiments, the monomers of the water-absorbing polymer  110  comprise salts such as alkali ions, lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions. Additionally or alternatively, the monomers of the water-absorbing polymer  110  comprise earth metals such as magnesium ions, calcium ions, strontium ions, barium ions, zinc ions and aluminum ions. The polymer chemistry is selected to provide a crossed-linked water-absorbing polymer that is able to absorb water even if an alcohol is covalently bonded to the water. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates using the filtering media  100  in accordance with embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 2 , contaminated blended fuel  202  is introduced to the filtering media  100 . The contaminated blended fuel  202  contains water-alcohol groups  204  (i.e., water covalently bonded to an alcohol), fuel groups  206  and alcohol groups  210 . The contaminated blended fuel  202  also may contain water groups  208  (i.e., water that is not covalently bonded to an alcohol) and solid particles  212 . The filtering media  100  removes the contaminants (e.g., water-alcohol groups  204 , the water groups  208  and the particles groups  212 ) such that substantially only the fuel groups  206  and the alcohol groups  210  of the blended fuel are able to pass through the filtering media  100 . 
     As the contaminated blended fuel  202  passes through the filtering media  100 , the solid particles  212  are filtered by the particle-removing medium  104 . Also, the water-alcohol groups  204  and the water groups  208  are filtered by the water-absorbing structure  102  which comprises both positive valence groups  110 P and negative valence groups  110 N. 
     In this filtering process, the water-alcohol groups  204  orient themselves and bond to at least one positive valence group  110 P and at least one negative valence group  110 N. For example, the water portion (which has a positive valence) of each water-alcohol group  204  is attracted to and bonds with at least one negative valence group  110 N while the alcohol portion (which has a negative valence) of each water-alcohol group  204  is attracted to and bonds with at least one positive valence group  110 N. Also, each water group  208  is bonded to at least one negative valence group  110 N. In at least some embodiments, the negative valence field exhibited by each negative valence group  110 N may be stronger than the positive valence field exhibited by each positive valence group  110 P such that water groups  208  and water-alcohol groups  208  are effectively held by the water-absorbing structure  102 . After passing through the filtering media  100 , a filtered blended fuel  220  containing substantially only fuel groups  206  and alcohol groups  210  remains. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates a simplified cross-section view of a filter  300  in accordance with embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 3 , the filter  300  comprises two end caps  302  and  314  and an outer cover or sheath  320 . The end cap  302  has an opening  304  that allows blended fuel to enter the filter  300  and the end cap  314  has an opening  316  that allows filtered blended fuel to exit the filter  300 . 
     The filter  300  also comprises a center tube  306  having perforations  308 . The center tube  306  is surrounded by the filtering media  100 . In at least some embodiments, the filtering media  100  is pleated as will later be described. Both the center tube  306  and the filtering media  100  are secured to the end caps  302  and  314  using an adhesive  310  that is not solvated by water, alcohol, diesel or gasoline. 
     The dashed lines  312  illustrate the flow of a blended fuel such as E-85 through the filter  300 . As shown, the blended fuel may enter through the opening  304  of the end cap  302 . The blended fuel is forced to the outer perimeter of filter&#39;s inner chamber such that the blended fuel must pass through the filtering media  100 . The filtering media  100  is configured to filter contaminants such as particles, water molecules and water-alcohol molecules. As the filtering media  100  retains water molecules and water-alcohol molecules, the filtering media  100  expands. Thus, space  318  is provided within the filter  300  to allow the filtering media  100  to expand. After passing though the filtering media  100 , the blended fuel enters the inside of the center tube  306  via the perforations  308 . The filtered blended fuel exits the filter  300  through the opening  316  of the end tube  314 . 
     Embodiments of the invention are not limited to the filter  300  illustrated in  FIG. 3 . Rather, the filter  300  illustrates one of many possible embodiments that would force a blended fuel to pass through the filtering media  100  thereby filtering the blended fuel as desired. Various filter sizes such as 4″×5″ and 7″×18″ filters are intended. Also, various types of filters such as spin-on filters, inline filters and cartridge filters are intended. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a portion of the filter  300  before filtering water in accordance with embodiments of the invention. For convenience, the outer cover of the filter is not shown. As shown, the filter  300  comprises a center tube  306  having perforations  308 . The center tube  306  is surrounded by the filtering media  100  in a pleated arrangement  320 . Also shown is the end cap  314 . 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a portion of the filter  300  after filtering water in accordance with embodiments of the invention. As shown, the pleats  320  of the filtering media  100  have swelled. Thus, as retention of water (both water molecules and water-alcohol molecules) occurs within the filtering media, the water-absorbing structure  102  shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  swells and presses against the particle-filtering medium  104  and the other medium  106  previously described. Because the mediums  104  and  106  are flexible, the swelling expands the pleats  320  to press against the inside chamber of the filter  300  (between the center tube  306  and the outer cover or sheath  320 ). By design, the filter  300  and the filtering media  100  enable water retention that is significantly greater than existing water-absorbing filters of comparable size. For example, a 4″×5″ filter embodiment retains approximately 12 ounces of water and a 7″×18″ filter embodiment retains approximately one gallon of water. 
     When the filter  300  absorbs a threshold amount of water (e.g., approximately 10 ounces for a 4″×5″ filter), the pleats  320  press together with sufficient pressure to prevent fuel flow though the filter  300 . In this manner, contaminated fuel is prevented from being dispensed to a vehicle or to a vehicle&#39;s engine. Also, by tracking the amount of filters that are used within a predetermined time period (e.g., if more than two filter are used within three months), a user is able to approximate if phase separation of fuel and/or phase-separation of water within a fuel tank is occurring or is about to occur. As previously explained, phase-separated fuel relates to an uneven distribution of alcohol in an alcohol-blended fuel (i.e., the fuel is separating from the alcohol or vice versa) and phase-separated water relates to water that is unable to be dissolved by an alcohol-blended fuel (e.g., water in excess of a threshold amount that is dissolvable in the alcohol-blended fuel becomes phase-separated water). 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a fuel dispensing system  600  in accordance with embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 6 , the fuel dispensing system  600  comprises a fuel tank  602  and a fuel dispenser  610 . The fuel dispenser  610  comprises a fuel pump  612  and a filter  614  that uses the filtering media  100 . 
     The fuel tank  602  contains alcohol-blended fuel (i.e., alcohol molecules  210  blended with fuel molecules  206 ) such as E-85. As time passes, water molecules  208  and solid particles  212  may contaminate the alcohol-blended fuel. For example, water molecules  208  from the atmosphere  630  may be drawn to the alcohol molecules  210  in the fuel tank  602  creating water-alcohol molecules  204 . Eventually, phase-separated fuel and phase-separated water can occur within the fuel tank  602 . 
     When a vehicle  620  (e.g., a car, a truck or another vehicle having an engine) needs fuel, a user is able to fill a fuel tank  622  of the vehicle  620  by accessing the fuel dispenser  610 . For example, the fuel tank  602  and the fuel dispenser  610  may be part of a service station that provides fuel to consumers. To ensure that the vehicle  620  receives uncontaminated fuel, the fuel dispenser  610  pumps the fuel from the fuel tank  602  through the filter  614 . As previously described, the filtering media  100  of the filter  614  is able to filter solid particles  212 , water molecules  208  and water-alcohol molecules  204 . In at least some embodiments, the filtering occurs as the alcohol-blended fuel is pumped from the fuel dispenser  610  to the fuel tank  622  of the vehicle  620 . 
     As time passes, water molecules  208  and solid particles  212  may contaminate the alcohol-blended fuel in the vehicle&#39;s fuel tank  622 . For example, water molecules  208  from the atmosphere  630  may be drawn to the alcohol molecules  210  in the fuel tank  622  creating water-alcohol molecules  204 . Eventually, phase-separated fuel and phase-separated water can occur within the fuel tank  622 . 
     To prevent undesirable burn temperatures (caused by burning phase-separated fuel) and water-related damage to the engine  628 , a filter  626  that uses the filtering media  100  is placed between the vehicle&#39;s fuel pump  624  and the engine  628 . The filtering media  100  is able to filter solid particles  212 , water molecules  208  and water-alcohol molecules  204  from the alcohol-blended fuel in the fuel tank  622 . In at least some embodiments, the filtering occurs as the fuel pump  624  pumps the alcohol-blended fuel from the fuel tank  622  to the engine  628 . In this manner, the engine  628  is able to burn uncontaminated fuel thereby improving fuel performance and reducing occurrences of engine damage caused high temperatures and/or water. 
     Embodiments of the invention are not limited to the fuel dispensing system  600  illustrated in  FIG. 6 . Rather, the system  600  illustrates that one or more filters which implement the filtering media  100  are able to effectively filter water and other particles from alcohol-blended fuel such as E-85. Such filters (e.g., the filters  614  and  624 ) may be implemented in the fuel dispenser  610  and/or in a vehicle  620  as shown. As previously described, the filtering media  100  is designed to be resistant to biodegradation caused by bacteria and other life-forms found in water. Thus, filters that implement the filtering media  100  are able to retain water for long periods of time without failure. In at least some embodiments, if a filter absorbs a threshold amount of the water (i.e., a maximum water capacity), the filter automatically stops the flow of fuel even against the force of a fuel pump (e.g., the pump  612  or  622 ). Thereafter, a new filter may be used to continue the filtering process. By tracking the amount of filters that are changed within a predetermined amount of time, it is possible for a user (i.e., filter operator) to approximate whether phase-separation of fuel or phase-separation of water has occurred or is about to occur. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates a filtering process  700  in accordance with embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 7 , the filtering process  700  involves a portable unit  710  that connects to a fuel tank  702 . The fuel tank  702  contains an alcohol-blended fuel such as E-85. The portable unit  710  comprises a pump  712  and a filter  714  that uses the filtering media  100 . 
     In operation, the pump  712  of the portable unit  710  pumps the alcohol-blended fuel from the fuel tank  702  through the filter  714 . The filtering media  100  is able to filter solid particles  212 , water molecules  208  and water-alcohol molecules  204  from the alcohol-blended fuel. In some embodiments, the alcohol-blended fuel is returned to the fuel tank  702 . In such embodiments, the portable unit  710  may operate for a predetermined amount of time. If the filter  714  reaches maximum water capacity during operation, the filter  714  stops the flow of fuel even against the pressure of the pump  712 . An operator is then able to turn the pump  712  off, replace the filter  714 , turn the pump  712  on and continue the filtering process. As shown, the filtering process  700  removes the contaminants from the alcohol-blended fuel. 
     Embodiments of the invention are not limited to the filtering process  700  illustrated in  FIG. 7 . For example, in alternative embodiments, the pump  712  is separate from the portable unit  710 . Also, some embodiments may temporarily store the filtered fuel in a separate fuel tank until all the fuel and contaminants are emptied from the fuel tank  702 . Thereafter, the filtered alcohol-blended fuel may be dispensed from the separate fuel tank or returned to the fuel tank  702 . 
     In at least some embodiments, the filtering process  700  is used to prevent phase-separation of fuel or phase-separation of water. For example, if a filter (e.g., a the filter  614 ) of a fuel dispenser (e.g., the fuel dispenser  610 ) is replaced more than a threshold amount of times within a predetermined time period, the filtering process  700  may be used before phase-separation of fuel or phase-separation of water occurs within a fuel tank. Even if phase-separation of fuel or phase-separation of water has occurred within a fuel tank, the filtering process  700  may be used to remove the contaminant water on-site (the filter  714  may be replaced several times if needed). Thus, embodiments provide efficient and cost-effective solutions to filtering water from alcohol-blended fuels before or after phase-separation of fuel or phase-separation of water occurs. 
       FIG. 8  illustrates a method  800  in accordance with embodiments of the invention. As shown in  FIG. 8 , the method  800  comprises impregnating a laminated media with non-naturally occurring monomers that exhibit a strong negative valence upon exposure to water and less strong positive valence upon exposure to alcohol (block  802 ). The method  800  further comprises filtering alcohol-blended fuel using the impregnated laminated media while dispensing the fuel (block  804 ). For example, the filtered alcohol-blended fuel may be dispensed from a bulk storage tank to the fuel tank of a vehicle or from a vehicle&#39;s fuel tank to the vehicle&#39;s engine. If a threshold amount of water is filtered within a predetermined amount of time (determination block  806 ), alcohol-blended fuel is filtered using the impregnated laminated media without dispensing the fuel (block  808 ). For example, a portable unit may be used to pump and filter contaminated fuel of a bulk storage tank without dispensing the fuel to a consumer or to the consumer&#39;s vehicle. If the fuel tank is part of a vehicle, a portable unit may pump and filter contaminated fuel of the vehicle&#39;s fuel tank without dispensing fuel to the engine. If a threshold amount of water is not filtered within a predetermined amount of time (determination block  806 ), alcohol-blended fuel is filtered using the impregnated laminated media while dispensing the fuel (block  804 ). 
     The above discussion is meant to be illustrative of the principles and various embodiments of the present invention. Numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. For example, the filtering media  100  and filters that implement the filtering media  100  may be used in other applications now known or later developed and are not limited to filtering alcohol-blended fuel intended for vehicles. Rather, the filtering media  100  and filters that implement the filtering media  100  are able to effectively filter water from alcohol and may be useful in any application that involves such a process. As an example, in the distillation process of producing alcohol, it is desirable that water not be present in the final alcohol product. Thus, filters containing the filtering media  100  can be used to remove the water. Also, filters containing the filtering media  100  are able to effectively remove water from non-blended fuels such as gasoline or diesel. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.