Abstract:
Compositions having excellent blood lipid peroxide lowering activity are provided. In particular, compositions for lowering lipid peroxides in the blood which contain pravastatin together with at least one substance selected from the group consisting of taurine, pantethine and inositol hexanicotinate. Use of these compositions enables the provision of excellent preventive or remedial agents capable of lowering the concentration of lipid peroxides in the blood which show effects of injuring vascular endothelial cells, accelerating platelet aggregation, forming foam cells, etc.

Description:
[0001]    This is a Continuation-in-Part application of International Application No. PCT/JP01/09662 filed Nov. 5, 2001 which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The present invention relates to blood lipid peroxide-lowering compositions consisting of pravastatin in combination with one or more substances selected from taurine, pantethine and inositol hexanicotinate.  
           [0003]    An increase in blood lipid peroxide levels causes damage to endothelial cells, enhances platelet aggregation, and promotes foam cell forming, all of which contribute to arteriosclerosis. Thus lipid peroxide-lowering agents are considered to be useful agents.  
           [0004]    Pravastatin reduces total cholesterol levels in the blood by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase activity. However, it is not known that pravastatin reduces lipid peroxide levels in the blood.  
           [0005]    Taurine and pantethine are known to reduce lipid peroxide levels in the blood (Reference: Sulfur Amino Acids, Vol. 7, No.1, 1984, p. 201-205; Geriatr. Med., Vol. 19, No. 3, p. 415-422).  
           [0006]    However, it is not known that inositol hexanicotinate decreases lipid peroxide levels in the blood.  
         BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    The present invention relates to drug compositions containing pravastatin in combination with one or more substances selected from taurine, pantethine and inositol hexanicotinate, which reduce levels of lipid peroxides in the blood.  
           [0008]    The present inventors investigated drug compositions that decrease lipid peroxide levels in the blood, and found that co-administration of pravastatin with taurine, pantethine or inositol hexanicotinate all decrease lipid peroxide levels in the blood and completed the present invention.  
         DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
         [0009]    Pravastatin (chemical name: (+)-(3R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-8-[(S)-2-methylbutyryloxy]-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1-naphthyl]heptanoate) is a compound represented by the following chemical structure. It may exist in the form of a salt (particularly a sodium salt). The manufacturing methods of pravastatin have been disclosed in Japanese Patent Kokai Application No. SHO 57-2240 and so forth. Since pravastatin is commercially available, it is easily acquired.  
                         
 
           [0010]    Blood lipid peroxides are lipid peroxides present in the blood, and involve hyperoxidated LDL (low-density lipoproteins) and so on.  
           [0011]    The term “lowering” in the expression lipid peroxide-lowering agents indicates that the levels are decreased by clinically significant amounts following administration of the agents.  
           [0012]    The weight percent of pravastatin contained in a tablet of the present invention of the lipid peroxide-lowering composition drug is 0.01 to 5%, preferably 0.05 to 3.0%. The weight percent of taurine in the tablet is typically 0.3 to 50%, preferably 1 to 25%. The weight percent of pantethine in the tablet is typically 1.3 to 50%, preferably 2.7 to 20%. The weight percent of inositol hexanicotinate in the tablet is typically 0.05 to 50%, preferably 0.5 to 25%.  
           [0013]    The content of pravastatin contained in liquid and solution preparations of lipid peroxide-lowering composition according to the present invention is typically 1 to 100 mg/mL and preferably 3 to 7 mg/mL; that of taurine is typically 2.5-50 mg/mL, preferably 8 to 35 mg/mL. In addition, the content of pantethine in the liquid and solution preparation is typically 1 to 200 mg/mL, preferably 5 to 100 mg/mL, and that of inositol hexanicotinate typically 1 to 40 mg/mL, preferably 2 to 20 mg/mL.  
           [0014]    Practical preparations of the drug compositions to reduce lipid peroxide levels in the blood are tablets, granules (involving powders), capsules, and liquids and solutions, etc., and they are manufactured following addition of the required additive agents or materials, if necessary, according to conventional methods described in The Pharmacopeia of Japan.  
           [0015]    In the preparations described above, additive agents that are conventionally used can be employed based on the preparation.  
           [0016]    For instance, in the case of tablets, lactose and crystalline cellulose are used as diluents, magnesium aluminometasilicate, etc., are used as stabilizing agents, hydroxypropylcellulose, etc., are used as binders, and magnesium stearate is used as a lubricant.  
           [0017]    In granules and capsules, lactate and purified sucrose are used as diluents, magnesium aluminometasilicate is used as a stabilizing agent, corn starch, etc., are used as adsorbents, and hydroxypropylcellulose and polysorbate, etc., are used as binders.  
           [0018]    In liquids and solutions, D-sorbitol solution and honey, etc., are used as sweeteners, dl-malic acid, etc., are used as flavoring agents, disodium dihydrogen ethylenediamine tetraacetate, etc., are used as stabilizing agents, ethanol is used as a co-solvent, and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil stearate 60, etc., are used as a solubilizer.  
           [0019]    In the preparations described above, disintegrators such as crospovidone, etc.; adsorbents such as calcium silicate, etc.; coloring agents such as red ferric oxide, caramel, etc.; pH modifiers such as sodium benzoate, etc.; and a flavor may be used, if necessary. 
       
    
    
     EXAMPLES  
       [0020]    The present invention is described in more detail by way of the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.  
                                                   TABLE 1                           TEST EXAMPLE 1. TABLETS       (1) Composition                        Inositol           Taurine   Pantethine   hexanicotinate           4 tablets   4 tablets   4 tablets           (680 mg)   (1,440 mg)   (1,400 mg)                        Pravastatin sodium    20 mg    20 mg    20 mg       Taurine   500 mg   —   —       Pantethine   —   500 mg   —       Inositol hexanicotinate   —   —   500 mg       Crystalline cellulose   120 mg    12 mg    12 mg       Magnesium   144 mg   —   —       aluminometasilicate       Sucrose esters of fatty acids   —   140 mg   140 mg       Hydroxypropylcellulose    96 mg    48 mg    96 mg       Magnesium stearate    24 mg    24 mg    24 mg       Crospovidone   100 mg    48 mg   100 mg       Lactose   a   a   a                          
 
         [0021]    (2) Manufacturing Methods  
         [0022]    The amount of each component described above is weighed and prepared according to the methods described in the “General Rules for Preparations of Tablets” in “The Pharmacopeia of Japan”.  
                                                   TABLE 2                           TEST EXAMPLE 2. GRANULES       (1) Composition                Taurine   Pantethine   Inositol           4   4   hexanicotinate           packages   packages   4 packages           (4 g)   (5.2 g)   (5 g)                        Pravastatin sodium     20 mg     20 mg     20 mg       Taurine     500 mg   —   —       Pantethine   —   1,000 mg   —       Inositol hexanicotinate   —   —   1,000 mg       Purified sucrose   1,400 mg   1,600 mg   1,400 mg       Stevia extracts   —     16 mg     16 mg       Corn starch   1,200 mg   1,200 mg   1,200 mg       Polysorbate 80     80 mg     48 mg     80 mg       Magnesium     144 mg   —     144 mg       aluminometasilicate       Magnesium stearate     24 mg     24 mg     24 mg       Lactose   a   a   a                          
 
         [0023]    The amount of each component described above is weighed and prepared according to the methods described in the “General Rules for Preparations of Granules” in “The Pharmacopeia of Japan”.  
                                                   TABLE 3                           TEST EXAMPLE 3. CAPSULES       (1) Components                Taurine   Pantethine   Inositol           4   8   hexanicotinate           capsules   capsules   8 capsules                        Pravastatin sodium     20 mg     20 mg     20 mg       Taurine     500 mg   —   —       Pantethine   —     500 mg   —       Inositol hexanicotinate   —   —     500 mg       Corn starch     960 mg     960 mg     960 mg       Polysorbate 80     80 mg     48 mg     80 mg       Magnesium     144 mg   —     144 mg       aluminometasilicate       Magnesium stearate     24 mg     24 mg     24 mg       Lactose   a   a   a       Subtotal   1,520 mg   1,940 mg   2,000 mg       Capsule     320 mg     640 mg     640 mg       Total   1,840 mg   2580 mg   2,640 mg                          
 
         [0024]    (2) Manufacturing Methods  
         [0025]    The amount of each component described above is weighed and prepared according to the methods described in the “General Rules for Preparations of Granules” in “The Pharmacopeia of Japan”, and hard capsules are prepared by filling the granules into capsules.  
                                                   TABLE 4                           TEST EXAMPLE 4.       LIQUIDS AND SOLUTIONS       (1) Components                        Inositol           Taurine   Pantethine   Hexanicotinate           100 mL   100 mL   100 mL                        Pravastatin sodium    20 mg    20 mg    20 mg       Taurine   500 mg   —   —       Pantethine   —   500 mg   —       Inositol hexanicotinate   —   —   500 mg       D-Sorbitol solution (70%)    4 g    6 g    4 g       Honey    7 g    8 g    7 g       dI-Malic acid   200 mg   —   200 mg       Disodium dihydrogen-    20 mg    20 mg    20 mg       ethylenediamine       tetraacetate       Ethanol    2 mL    2 mL    2 mL       Polyoxyethylene   100 mg   100 mg   100 mg       hydrogenated-       castor oil stearate 60       Sodium benzoate    60 mg    60 mg    60 mg       Flavor   b   b   b       Distilled water   a   a   a                                  
 
         [0026]    (2) Manufacturing Methods  
         [0027]    The amount of each component described above is weighed and prepared according to the methods described in the “General Rules for Preparations of Liquids and Solutions” in “The Pharmacopeia of Japan”.  
       Test Examples  
       [0028]    (1) Test Compounds  
         [0029]    Pravastatin with a purity of 99.4%, manufactured at Sankyo Co., Ltd. was used.  
         [0030]    Taurine, pantethine and inositol hexanicotinate were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Dai-ich Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and SHIRATORI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., respectively and were used.  
         [0031]    (2) Test Animals  
         [0032]    Beagle dogs aged 5 months were purchased from Covance Research Products Inc. and used after 1 month of quarantine and acclimatisation breeding.  
         [0033]    (3) Form of the Preparation for Administration, Method of Preparation of the Formulation and Method of Stocking the Formulation  
         [0034]    The required amounts of pravastatin or each component of the combination drug calculated from the body weight of each dog were weighed and filled in a gelatin capsule purchased from TORPAC Inc. Capsules filled with pravastatin were stocked in a refrigerator and those filled with combination drugs stocked at room temperature until use.  
         [0035]    The combination drugs were filled in identical gelatin capsules.  
         [0036]    (4) Route of Administration and Administration Period  
         [0037]    Pravastatin or combination drug capsules were forcibly orally administered to each of the test animals once daily between 9:00 and 12:30. Animals were fasted for 2 or 3 hr prior to administration of the capsules.  
         [0038]    The administration period was 11 successive days.  
         [0039]    (5) Preparation of Test Samples and Procedures  
         [0040]    Blood (10 mL) was collected from the superficial radial vein 3 or 4 days prior to administration (−3 or −4 days in the first week prior to capsule administration) and 4 and 8 days after administration of the capsule. Animals were fasted for approximately 18 hr prior to blood collection. Collected blood was placed in a test tube and left at room temperature for 0.5-1 hr and centrifuged (3,000 rpm, for 10 min). The obtained serum was used for assays of blood lipid peroxides according to Yagi&#39;s methods.  
         [0041]    A fluorometer (Hitachi, Ltd., F3000) was used for assay of the lipid peroxides.  
       Results  
       [0042]    Lipid peroxide levels in blood collected from dogs treated with pravastatin or one compound selected from taurine, pantethine and inositol hexanicotinate, as well as combinations of pravastatin together with one of the above drugs, were converted to their relative ratios against their averaged pre-dosing levels (100 as determined 2 and 1 weeks prior to drug administration). The averaged value in each group was obtained from 5 animals a group.  
                                                                 TABLE 5                           (Effects of co-administration of pravastatin and taurine)                    Blood Lipid Peroxide Levels           Dose   after administration            Test Substance   (mg/kg)   4 days   8 days                    Pravastatin alone   2   110.8   116.2       Taurine alone   1,000   95.8   93.8       Pravastatin   2   89.9   77.5       +taurine   1,000                  
 
         [0043]    [0043]                                                                         TABLE 6                           (Effects of co-administration of pravastatin and pantethine)                    Blood Lipid Peroxide Levels           Dose   after administration                Test Substance   (mg/kg)   4 days   8 days                            Pravastatin alone   2   110.8   116.2           Pantethine alone   300   82.5   105.0           Pravastatin   2   83.6   75.4           +pantethine   300                        
         [0044]    [0044]                                                                 TABLE 7                           (Effects of co-administration of pravastatin and       inositol hexanicotinate)                    Blood Lipid Peroxide Levels               after administration            Test Substance   (mg/kg)   4 days   8 days                    Pravastatin alone   2   110.8   116.2       Inositol hexanicotinate   400   98.5   96.5       alone       Pravastatin   2   83.8   81.3       +inositol   400       hexanicotinate                    
         [0045]    The composition of the present invention can be used for lowering blood lipid peroxide levels in a mammal and in particular a human. When administering to a human (or other mammal) in need of treatment, an effective amount of an agent which is pravastatin in combination with one or more of taurine, pantethine and inositol hexanicotinate, is used.  
         [0046]    Although the dose of compounds used according to the invention may widely vary depending on the extent of diseases and age of patients, (e.g. human patients), the dose of one administration of pravastatin is normally within the range of from 0.01 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, preferably from 0.1 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg, administered once or several times a day dependent on the extent of diseases.  
         [0047]    The dose of one administration of taurine is normally within the range of from 1 mg/kg to 600 mg/kg, preferably from 10 mg/kg to 60 mg/kg, administered once or several times a day dependent on the extent of diseases.  
         [0048]    The dose of one administration of pantethine is normally within the range of from 0.06 mg/kg to 120 mg/kg, preferably from 0.6 mg/kg to 12 mg/kg, administered once or several times a day dependent on the extent of diseases.  
         [0049]    The dose of one administration of inositol hexanicotinate is normally within the range of from 0.16 mg/kg to 36 mg/kg, preferably from 1.6 mg/kg to 3.6 mg/kg, administered once or several times a day dependent on the extent of diseases.  
         [0050]    The present invention, drug compositions of pravastatin in combination with a drug selected from taurine, pantethine and inositol hexanicotinate, exert excellent blood lipid peroxide-lowering effects.