Abstract:
A stump grinder has a grinding arm that durably mounts a rotatable grinding wheel by securing the drive shaft of a motor to the grinding wheel such that a pair of bearings within the motor support one side of the grinding wheel and by supporting the other side of the grinding wheel with a stub shaft received within a third bearing. The grinding arm is laterally offset on the frame of the stump grinder to have a swing angle that is not symmetrical relative to the width of the frame, but with the swing angle starting at one side of the frame and then traversing across substantially the entire width of the frame to improve the ability of the operator to see the grinding wheel. A single joystick is movable in orthogonal directions corresponding to desired up and down and side-to-side pivoting motions of the grinding arm. The joystick includes a depressible trigger for starting and stopping the operation of the grinding wheel.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    This invention relates generally to the field of stump grinding in which a powered grinding wheel is used to grind or comminute a stump or other wood debris into a pile of wood chips or particles. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Stump grinders are well known devices that employ a pivotal grinding arm that carries a rotatable grinding wheel at its outer end. The grinding wheel extends generally vertically and has powered rotation about a substantially horizontal axis of rotation. The pivotal grinding arm is pivotal on a support frame in an up and down motion about a substantially horizontal axis. In addition, the grinding arm is also pivotal in a side-to-side motion about a substantially vertical axis in many stump grinders. 
         [0003]    When the grinding wheel is placed into operation and is rotating in a vertical plane about its substantially horizontal axis of rotation, the operator can pivot the grinding arm up and down and from side-to-side. This causes the grinding wheel to bite into and traverse over the stump or other wood debris that is to be grinded into particles. As repeated passes of the grinding arm and grinding wheel are made relative to the stump or other wood debris, the action of the grinding wheel gradually reduces the stump or wood debris to small wood chips or fine particles. 
         [0004]    Stump grinders typically have the pivotal grinding arm and the grinding wheel arranged generally symmetrically with respect to the lateral width of the frame of the stump grinder. Thus, for an operator who is standing behind the frame or is carried on the frame on some type of seat or operator&#39;s platform, the grinding arm is usually disposed in a home position that is centered on the stump grinder frame and extends away from the operator in a straight fore-and-aft direction. The grinding arm traverses from side-to-side in generally equal arcs to either side of the home position. However, in this centered home position, the view of the operator with respect to the action of the grinding wheel on the stump or wood debris can be blocked or obstructed by the structure of the grinding arm itself. In other words, the operator may not be able to clearly see the contact area between the grinding wheel and the stump or wood debris. 
         [0005]    In addition, the task of operating the stump grinder can involve multiple controls that can be difficult or at least confusing for the operator to use. There must be a set of traction and steering controls for the operator to use to control the forward and reverse motion of the stump grinder frame and to steer or turn the stump grinder frame. In addition, there must be other grinding arm controls to allow the operator to manipulate the grinding arm to cause the grinding arm to pivot up and down and to traverse from side-to-side out of the centered home position. There must also be an on-off grinding control to start or stop the rotation of the grinding wheel on the grinding arm. 
         [0006]    Typically, the grinding arm controls often take the form of multiple levers. One lever controls the up and down motion of the grinding arm. Another lever controls the side-to-side traverse. The on-off grinding control often comprises yet another separate control, i.e. a separate on-off switch. Needless to say, it is not an easy task for the operator, particularly an unskilled operator who might rent a stump grinder from a rental business and is thus somewhat unfamiliar with the controls, to coordinate and properly use all of the multiple controls typically found on a stump grinder. 
         [0007]    Finally, it should be apparent that the grinding wheel of a stump grinder should be reliably and durably driven in a cost-effective and simple manner. Mechanical drive systems, such as belt or chain drives, are prone to breaking given the forces involved in stump grinding and are costly and time consuming to maintain and to keep properly adjusted. Hydraulic motors carried on the grinding arm have been used to directly drive or rotate the grinding wheel without the interposition of belt or chain drives. However, the high forces involved in grinding that are transmitted to the shaft of such a hydraulic motor often exert large loads on the motor, leading to premature wear and failure of the motor. Given the relatively high cost of such hydraulic motors, this is a disadvantage of known designs in which hydraulic motors have been used to directly drive the grinding wheels. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    One aspect of this invention relates to a stump grinder which comprises a frame that is supported for movement over the ground, the frame having a width between a left side and a right side thereof. A rotatable grinding wheel rotates about a substantially horizontal wheel axis for grinding or comminuting stumps or wood debris. A grinding arm comprises a rear section that is pivotally journalled to the frame for up and down pivoting about a substantially horizontal pivot axis, the rear section of the grinding arm being located substantially proximate to and along one side of the frame such that the rear section of the grinding arm is laterally offset relative to the frame. The grinding arm also has a front section that carries the rotatable grinding wheel. The front section is pivotally journalled to the rear section of the grinding arm for side-to-side pivoting about a substantially vertical pivot axis. The front section of the grinding arm has a position in which the front section of the grinding arm is longitudinally aligned in a fore-and-aft direction with the rear section of the grinding arm to be located with the rear section substantially proximate to and along the one side of the frame. The front section is pivotal about the vertical pivot axis out of the aligned position to traverse in a sideways direction across a substantial portion of the entire width of the frame with the rear section of the grinding arm remaining in place substantially proximate to and along the one side of the frame to allow the operator to better view, in a manner that is unobstructed by the rear section, the operation of the grinding wheel carried on the front section of the grinding arm. 
         [0009]    Another aspect of this invention relates to a stump grinder which comprises a frame that is supported for movement over the ground. A rotatable grinding wheel rotates about a substantially horizontal wheel axis for grinding or comminuting stumps or wood debris. A grinding arm is movable relative to the frame with the grinding arm mounting the grinding wheel. The grinding arm has a pair of spaced side walls between which the grinding wheel is rotatably journalled. A motor is secured to one side wall of the grinding arm, the motor having a drive shaft that extends inwardly and that has a drive connection to the grinding wheel such that rotation of the drive shaft of the motor rotates the grinding wheel about the horizontal axis of rotation thereof. The motor has a pair of radial bearings for directly supporting the drive shaft of the motor and thus for indirectly supporting the grinding wheel from one side of the grinding wheel. A stub shaft is operatively secured to an opposite face of the grinding wheel. A third radial bearing is secured to an opposite side wall of the grinding arm for receiving the stub shaft, the stub shaft and third bearing additionally supporting the grinding wheel from an opposite side of the grinding wheel. 
         [0010]    Yet another aspect of this invention relates to a stump grinder which comprises a frame that is supported for movement over the ground. A rotatable grinding wheel is provided that rotates about a substantially horizontal wheel axis for grinding or comminuting stumps or wood debris. A grinding arm is movable relative to the frame and mounts the grinding wheel. The grinding arm is pivotal about substantially horizontal and vertical axes to cause the grinding arm to pivot up and down about the horizontal axis and from side-to-side about the vertical axis. A single joystick controls the up and down and side-to-side pivoting of the grinding arm. The joystick is carried on the frame for manipulation by an operator along first and second orthogonal axes that are correlated to desired directions of pivoting of the grinding arm, the joystick being pulled rearwardly out of a neutral position in a fore-and-aft direction to lift the grinding arm, being pushed forwardly out of a neutral position in a fore-and-aft direction to lower the grinding arm, being pulled to the right out of a neutral position in a side-to-side direction to swing the grinding arm to the right, and being pulled to the left out of a neutral position in a side-to-side direction to swing the grinding arm to the left. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0011]    This invention will be described more completely in the following Detailed Description, when taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. 
           [0012]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a stump grinder according to this invention; 
           [0013]      FIG. 2  is a top plan view of the stump grinder of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0014]      FIG. 3  is a partial perspective view of the stump grinder of  FIG. 1 , particularly illustrating the left side of the forwardly extending grinding arm; 
           [0015]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view similar to  FIG. 3 , but illustrating the right side of the forwardly extending grinding arm; 
           [0016]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the front of the grinding arm of the stump grinder of  FIG. 1 , particularly illustrating the third bearing and drive motor that support the grinding wheel from opposite sides thereof; 
           [0017]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view similar to  FIG. 5 , but with the third bearing, stub shaft support hub, drive hub and drive motor for the grinding wheel being shown in exploded form for the sake of clarity; and 
           [0018]      FIG. 7  is a partial perspective view of the stump grinder of  FIG. 1 , particularly illustrating the single joystick control for operating the grinding arm and the grinding wheel. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0019]    Referring first to  FIG. 1 , one embodiment of a stump grinder according to this invention is generally illustrated as  2 . Stump grinder  2  comprises a traction frame  4  that carries a power source  6 , such as an internal combustion engine, that provides the power for propelling frame  4  over the ground. The propulsion means can take different forms, but in the illustrative embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  comprises a pair of elongated, ground engaging tracks  8 . A single such track  8  is located adjacent and immediately outboard of each of the opposite left and right sides of frame  4 . 
         [0020]    Frame  4  has an upwardly extending portion  10  at the rear thereof behind which an operator may walk on the ground as frame  4  is propelled over the ground. The top of rear portion  10  of frame  4  carries various controls that may be comfortably gripped by the operator as the operator stands behind frame  4 . Among these controls is a traction and steering control indicated generally as  12 . When power source  6  is in operation, the operator may manipulate traction and steering control  12  to cause a drive system (not shown) carried on frame  4  to drive ground engaging tracks  8  in forward or reverse at desired speeds with steering being accomplished through driving tracks  8  differentially at different speeds. The tracked frame  4  illustrated herein as well as the traction and steering control  12  are of the type shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,460,640 and 6,709,223, which are assigned to the assignee of this invention and which are hereby incorporated by reference. 
         [0021]    A grinding arm  14  is mounted on the front of frame  4  in a laterally offset position in which grinding arm  14  extends forwardly along the left side of frame  4  with grinding arm  14  overlying the left side of frame  4 . Grinding arm  14  comprises two sections thereof, namely a rear section  16  and a front section  18 . Rear section  16  of grinding arm  14  pivots on frame  4  about a lateral, substantially horizontal pivot axis x such that the entire grinding arm  14 , i.e. both the rear and front sections  16  and  18  thereof, can swing or pitch downwardly or upwardly towards or away from the ground as indicated by the arrows A and B in  FIG. 3 . Pivot axis x is located very low on frame  4  at a distance that is only a few inches above the rotational axis of the front drive pulley or sprocket on track  8 . Front section  18  of grinding arm  14  pivots relative to rear section  16  about a substantially vertical pivot axis y to swing or pivot front section  18  from side-to-side as indicated by the arrows C and D in  FIGS. 2 and 3 . 
         [0022]    Referring to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , frame  4  includes a pair of laterally spaced, forwardly extending support walls  20  having at least lower portions thereof that extend forwardly to a front end of frame  4 . A top wall  22  joins and connects support walls  20  together over rear portions of support walls  20 . Note that in  FIG. 4  the inner support wall  20  has been removed to illustrate a first hydraulic actuator  24  that is located between support walls  20  and beneath top wall  22 . The cylinder  26  of first hydraulic actuator  24  is pivotally connected to the rear of support walls  20  by a pivot pin  30 . 
         [0023]    Rear section  16  of grinding arm  14  also includes a pair of side walls  32  that are joined or connected together by a top wall  34 . Side walls  32  of rear section  16  have a slightly narrower spacing than the spacing of support walls  20  of frame  4  such that rear ends of side walls  32  of rear section  16  nest between support walls  20  of frame  4 . Side walls  32  of rear section  16  are generally L-shaped with one leg of the L-shape extending downwardly to pivotally journal rear section  16  of grinding arm  14 , and thus the entire grinding arm  14 , on a pivot pin  36  that is carried between support walls  20  and that forms the horizontal pivot axis x for grinding arm  14 . The rod  27  of first hydraulic actuator  24  pivotally connects to the rear ends of side walls  32  of rear section  16  at a pivot pin  38  close to the juncture of the legs of the L-shape and above the pivot pin  36  forming the pivot axis x. Thus, retraction of rod  27  into cylinder  26  of first hydraulic actuator  24  causes upward pivoting of grinding arm  14  in the direction of arrow B and extension of rod  27  out of cylinder  26  causes downward pivoting of grinding arm  14  in the direction of arrow A. 
         [0024]    Front section  18  of grinding arm  14  is generally similar in structure to that of rear section  16  in the sense that front section  18  also comprises a pair of laterally spaced side walls  40  that are joined or connected together by a top wall  42 . Side walls  40  of front section  18  are laterally spaced apart by a greater distance than side walls  32  of rear section  16  to allow the rear of front section  18  to telescopically nest over and around the front of rear section  16 . A vertical pivot structure  44  forming the vertical pivot axis y pivotally joins the front and rear sections  18  and  16  together with side walls  40  of front section  18  having U-shaped cutouts  46  to allow front section  18  to swing or pivot around the front of rear section  16  without interference between the two. 
         [0025]    As shown in  FIG. 3 , a second hydraulic actuator  48  has a cylinder  50  that is pivotally mounted by a pivot pin  52  to the exterior of one of side walls  32  of rear section  16 . Rod  51  of second hydraulic actuator  48  is pivotally connected to an exterior of one of side walls  40  of front section  18  of grinding arm  14 . Extension and retraction of rod  51  of second hydraulic actuator  48  causes front section  18  of grinding arm  14  to swing or pivot about the vertical pivot axis y relative to rear section  16  of grinding arm  14 . 
         [0026]      FIGS. 1-4  illustrate grinding arm  14  in a home position in which grinding arm  14  is substantially horizontal and with grinding arm  14  being longitudinally aligned with rear section  16  of grinding arm  14  with grinding arm  14  extending straight ahead in a longitudinal fore-and-aft direction. From this home position, grinding arm  14  can pivot or pitch downwardly in the direction of arrow A in  FIG. 3  approximately 28° and can pivot or pitch upwardly in the direction of arrow B in  FIG. 3  approximately 52°, for a total of approximately 80° of swing about the horizontal pivot axis x. From this home position, front section  18  of grinding arm  14  can pivot to the left in the direction of arrow C in  FIG. 3  approximately 80° and can pivot to the right in the direction of arrow D in  FIG. 3  approximately 20°, for a total of approximately 100° of swing about the vertical pivot axis y. Clearly, front section  18  of grinding arm  14  has an asymmetric swing angle in which it swings approximately four times further to the right than it does to the left (i.e. 80° to the right versus 20° to the left). 
         [0027]    Front section  18  of grinding arm  14  has a front end that houses a rotatable grinding wheel  54 . Grinding wheel  54  is in the form of a substantially flat, planar disc that has a plurality of stump or wood grinding tools  56  attached to the periphery thereof at circumferentially spaced locations. The nature of the wood grinding tools  56  that are used is not important to this invention and may be of any type that is known in the stump grinder art. Grinding wheel  54  is rotatably journalled on grinding arm  14  for rotation about a lateral, substantially horizontal, grinding axis x 1 . See  FIG. 3 . 
         [0028]    As shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , grinding wheel  54  is mounted to front section  18  of grinding arm  14  and is powered by a hydraulic motor  58  in a simple and durable manner. Motor  58  is bolted to an exterior of one of side walls  40  of front section  18 . Motor  58  has an inner portion  60  extending through side wall  40  to be positioned relatively close to one side face of grinding wheel  54 . Motor  58  has an inwardly projecting drive shaft  62  that sticks further inwardly from the inner portion of motor  58  such that drive shaft  62  extends into, but not through, a central bore  64  in grinding wheel  54 .  FIG. 6  depicts central bore  64 . Motor  58  includes a pair of radial bearings (not shown) within the housing thereof that rotatably journal and support drive shaft  62  of motor  58  against radial loads on drive shaft  62 . Motor  58  is preferably a TJ Series Motor manufactured by the Hydraulic Pump/Motor Division of Parker Hannifin Corporation. 
         [0029]    One face of grinding wheel  54  has a drive hub  68  bolted thereto. The interior of drive hub  68  has a keyed, splined, or tapered drive connection (not shown) to drive shaft  62  of motor  58 . Thus, as motor  58  is rotated by hydraulic fluid flow therethrough, the rotation of drive shaft  62  will be transferred through drive hub  58  to grinding wheel  54  to rotate the same about its axis of rotation x 1 . The support of grinding wheel  54  could end there, as is conventional in the stump grinder art, with grinding wheel  54  simply being supported by motor  58  alone. However, the Applicants have found that this imposes undesirably high loads on motor  58  in many stump and wood grinding operations. 
         [0030]    Thus, grinding wheel  54  of this invention is further supported on the other side or face thereof as well. A support hub  70  that carries an outwardly extending stub shaft  72  is bolted to the opposite side face of grinding wheel  54 . See  FIG. 7 . A third radial bearing  74 , namely a stub shaft bearing, is then bolted to the inside of the opposite side wall  40  of front section  18  of grinding arm  14 . Third bearing  74  rotatably journals and supports stub shaft  72  to support the opposite side of grinding wheel  54 . Thus, going from right to left in  FIG. 5 , there are three radial bearings that carry the radial loads from grinding wheel  54 , i.e. a first drive shaft radial bearing inside motor  58 , a second drive shaft radial bearing inside motor  58  with both drive shaft bearings being on one side of grinding wheel  54 , and a third stub shaft radial bearing  74  on the opposite side of grinding wheel  54 . This allows a hydraulic motor  58  to be simply and inexpensively bolted to one side wall  40  of front section  18  of grinding arm  14  but, with the use of stub shaft bearing  74 , still provides radial bearing support on both sides of grinding wheel  54 . Enough vertical slop or play is desirably provided between the bolts  76  and the holes that are used to bolt stub shaft bearing  74  in place such that the vertical position of stub shaft bearing  74  on side wall  40  can be shifted up and down as need be before stub shaft bearing  74  is firmly tightened into place to allow alignment of stub shaft  72  with drive shaft  62 . 
         [0031]    Referring now to  FIGS. 2 and 7 , stump grinder  2  of this invention includes a joystick  80  for simple and intuitive operation of grinding arm  14  and grinding wheel  54 . Joystick  80  has a centered neutral position as is typical of joysticks, which neutral joystick position corresponds to the home position of grinding arm  14 . Joystick  80  is pivotally mounted in any suitable manner in frame  4  for movement in a longitudinal fore-and-aft direction as indicated by the arrows E and F in  FIG. 2 . This longitudinal motion of joystick  80  will control first hydraulic actuator  24  to cause grinding arm  14  to pivot up in the direction of the arrow B when joystick  80  is pulled back in the direction of arrow F and to cause grinding arm  14  to pivot down in the direction of the arrow A when joystick  80  is pushed forwardly in the direction of arrow E. The pivotal mounting of joystick  80  also permits movement of joystick  80  in a lateral side-to-side direction as indicated by the arrows G and H in  FIG. 2 . This lateral motion of joystick  80  will control second hydraulic actuator  48  to cause front section  18  of grinding arm  14  to swing from side-to-side in a direction corresponding to the direction of joystick  80 , front section  18  swinging in the direction of the arrow C when joystick  80  swings in the direction of the arrow G and in the direction of the arrow D when joystick  80  swings in the direction of the arrow H. 
         [0032]    Thus, the user need only operate a single control, namely joystick  80 , and need move that control only in a direction corresponding to the up and down and side-to-side pivoting that is desired for grinding arm  14 . This greatly eases the task of operating grinding arm  14 , especially for a new or relatively unskilled operator, since the operator need not grip and coordinate the operation of separate control levers. All the operator need use is the single joystick  80 . 
         [0033]    To further ease the task of operating stump grinder  2 , joystick  80  can be provided with a compressible trigger  82  on the front side thereof that controls the on-off operation of grinding wheel  54 . In order to start grinding wheel  54 , the operator need only press a button  84  on top of joystick  80  and then squeeze trigger  82  rearwardly until the top of trigger  82  abuts against joystick  80 . A switch (not shown) will be closed by trigger  82  and grinding wheel  54  will start rotating. Once trigger  82  is closed, the operator can release button  84  on top of joystick  80 . To stop grinding wheel  54 , the operator need only release trigger  82 , which causes trigger  82  to pivot back forwardly away from joystick  80  under the bias of a spring (not shown), to stop the rotation of grinding wheel  54 . Integrating the on-off control for grinding wheel  54  on the same joystick  80  that controls the up and down pitching of grinding arm  14  and the side-to-side traverse of grinding wheel  54  further simplifies the task of operating stump grinder  2 . 
         [0034]    The offset nature of grinding arm  14  provides better visibility to the operator during a stump grinding operation. Of course, during such an operation, the operator will wear eye protection to protect his or her eyes from wood chips or other debris being generated by stump grinder  2 . But, grinding wheel  54  can now traverse or swing from the extreme left side of frame  4  in a large arc extending in front of frame  4  and across substantially the entire width of frame  4  without being obstructed by rear section  16  of grinding arm  14 , which remains in place on the left side of frame  4  out of the line of vision of the operator. This allows the operator to better see and place grinding wheel  54  at a desired location on the stump or other debris that is being ground down. 
         [0035]    Various modifications of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Thus, the scope of this invention is to be limited only by the appended claims.