Abstract:
A self-contained electro-mechanical device incorporating a hand crank wound main spring mechanism coupled with gears to a rotating magnet inside an iron core with wound copper wire for the purpose of generating electricity. An external AC adaptor can use the generator as a motor to wind the main spring without the need to use the hand crank. An internal electronic circuit is connected to the motor/generator and mechanically coupled using a unique solenoid and clutch mechanism to prevent the main spring from turning until an external load is detected. When packaged in the form of two standard C or D size batteries this invention can be installed into devices currently using electro-chemical batteries. An internal LED light enables the device to be used as a self-contained flashlight. A mini USB connector is incorporated for charging cell phones and powering numerous devices compatible with USB power.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     (1) Field of the Invention 
     This invention generally relates an electro-mechanical device for the purpose of generating electricity by means of a main spring mechanism which can be wound by hand or power derived by an external AC adaptor employing a combination motor/generator. More particularly the invention provides a means to retain its potential to provide power when needed for long periods of time by implementation of a unique solenoid and clutch mechanism. Additionally this embodiment of the invention is packaged in the form of two standard C or D sized batteries stacked one on top of the other allowing the invention to be installed into devices normally using electro-chemical batteries. Additionally this invention provides a means to provide multiple voltage sources including USB power for different applications and can also be used as a self-contained LED flashlight. 
     (2) Description of the Related Art 
     There are devices that incorporate a hand crank to generate electricity. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,959,999 B2, 7,222,984, B2 to Lee et al. discloses a Hand Operated Flashlight where the generator only provides power when the hand crank is being turned charge a storage capacitor for a single external power source and charges a rechargeable battery for an internal flashlight. The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in this design by storing the energy in a mainspring that will turn a generator when a load is detected. The storage capacitor in Lee will quickly discharge by the load of the voltage regulator making the single external power source unusable without repeated turning of the hand crank. Also the rechargeable internal battery for the flashlight will weaken over repeated charge and discharge cycles as well as taking an extended period of time of continuous cranking to charge. 
     Another example U.S. Pat. No. 8,182,108 and Application No. U.S. 2010/0220468 to Pearson et al. discloses a Dynamo Light that uses a hand crank or dog leash to turn a generator with an undefined electric circuit and rechargeable battery. The deficiencies in this design are the same as in Lee additionally there is no disclosure for powering external devices as this is just a flashlight. 
     Another example U.S. Pat. No. 8,616,933 B2 to Yu et al. discloses a Dynamo Powered Toy where the hand cranked generator charges a storage capacitor or rechargeable battery. The deficiencies in this design are the same as in Lee. 
     Another example U.S. Pat. No. 7,497,585 B2 to Yu et al. discloses a Dynamo Powered Wearable Light where the hand cranked generator charges a storage capacitor or rechargeable battery for the purpose of lighting a LED light. The deficiencies in this design are the same as in Lee. 
     Another example U.S. Pat. No. 6,563,269 B2 to Robinett et al. discloses a Rechargeable Portable Light With Multiple Charging Sources where a hand cranked generator, solar panel or AC adaptor charges a storage capacitor and rechargeable battery for the purpose of lighting a LED light. The deficiencies in this design are the same as in Lee. The addition of a solar panel is unique to this design but will not supply continuous power for external loads. 
     Another example U.S. Pat. No. 5,975,714 to Veterino et al. discloses a Renewable Energy Flashlight where a permanent magnet is shaken within a coil for generating electricity to charge a storage capacitor and light a LED light. The deficiencies in this design are a limited storage capacity and a LED light that will quickly fade when the shaking action stops. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention solves the problems inherent in the prior art devices in multiple ways. There is no prior art that incorporates a mainspring to store energy for extended periods of time coupled with a unique clutch and solenoid mechanism to power a generator on demand only when an external load is detected. There is no prior art that provides packaging of an electro-mechanical power generating device with the form and dimensions of two standard C or D size flashlight batteries that can be installed into and power devices currently using electro-chemical batteries. There is no prior art that provides multiple voltage regulated power sources that are independently activated only when a load is detected from external devices to extend the time power will be available. There is no prior art that reverses the function of a generator using it as a motor for the purpose of winding a main spring to store power. 
     The present invention overcomes shortfalls in the prior art by providing a reliable power source for electronic devices that are presently using electro-chemical batteries which can only be used once or rechargeable batteries which progressively weaken after multiple charging cycles. Additionally current hand crank devices do not have power density or the ability to retain available power for long periods of time or have the ability to be used in devices designed for standard C and D type batteries. 
     The present invention will have power available for weeks or months after the device has been installed and can be repeatedly rewound without loss of performance. The following detailed description of the drawings and their functions will clearly illustrate how this unique device can benefit the environment by reducing the chemical waste created by the disposal of thousands of electro-chemical batteries. 
     An object of this invention is to provide a reliable power source for electronic devices that are presently using electro-chemical batteries. Advances in electronics, metallurgy, and magnetics have made it possible to obtain the power density required to power most devices such as but not limited to flashlights, radios, and USB powered devices or for charging cell phones and PDA&#39;s. 
     An object of this invention is to have power available for weeks or months after the device has been installed, this is achieved in three ways. The first way is by having a unique solenoid activated clutch mechanism that locks the main spring and generator when no power is applied to the solenoid conserving the charge on the storage capacitor. The second way is the incorporation of very high off state resistance FET transistors and nano-powered voltage threshold detector Integrated Circuits in the electronic circuit to further conserve the charge on the storage capacitor. The third way is the incorporation of a high microfarad value storage capacitor in the electronic circuit to extend the time period between the activation of the generator to maintain the standby voltage. 
     An additional object of this invention is to provide a means to release the clutch mechanism when the device is completely discharged and there is no power available to activate the bi-directional solenoid, this is achieved in two ways. The first way is the incorporation of a hole in the side of the device where when the handle of the manual winding mechanism is pulled out to wind the main spring a detent in the handle will engage a catch lever releasing the clutch to allow the generator to turn charging the storage capacitor. A nano-power over-voltage threshold detector will push the bi-directional solenoid in one direction to release this catch lever stopping the generator when fully charged to protect the electronic components. The second way is by plugging in an external AC adaptor to use the generator as a motor to wind the spring. In this case the storage capacitor will be charged by the AC adaptor thru an independent voltage regulator and the bi-directional solenoid will be pulled in the reverse direction releasing the clutch allowing the motor/generator to turn as a motor winding the main spring. A current sensor in the AC adaptor will automatically turn it off when the main spring is fully wound. 
     An additional object of this invention is to provide a means to supply multiple voltages only when a load is detected. This is achieved by using very high resistance off state FET transistors as a switch with nano-power voltage threshold detectors and load detecting high value resistors to independently turn on voltage regulators to either the 3 volt battery terminal or the 5 volt mini USB power connector. If the voltage regulators where always on they would drain the storage capacitor greatly reducing the time the device will remain in standby mode. 
     An additional object of this invention is when packaged in the form and dimensions of two standard C or D size batteries this device can be directly installed into and power devices currently using electro-chemical batteries. 
     An additional object of this invention is by use of voltage regulators for the outputs a constant voltage is maintained until the main spring is completely unwound, unlike electro-chemical batteries which fade over time. 
     An additional object of this invention is to make use of the power available to operate an internal LED light to enable the device to be used as a flashlight. 
     An additional object of this invention is the dimensions, scale of the functions and quantity and value of the voltage outputs are not limited to the embodiment described herein. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows a side cut away view of the full assembly. 
         FIG. 2  shows a side view of 2 standard D cell batteries. 
         FIG. 3  shows a side perspective view of the exterior of the full assembly. 
         FIG. 4  shows a top view of the exterior of the assembly. 
         FIG. 5  shows an exploded perspective view of the top assembly screws, exterior top plate, winding gear mounting plate, top main spring mounting plate, and standoffs. 
         FIG. 6  shows a side cutaway view of the top main spring winding assembly with the LED light and 3 volt positive battery terminal. 
         FIG. 7  shows a side view of the top main spring winding assembly with the spring winding handle open into the winding position. 
         FIG. 8  shows a top view of the winding gear mounting plate containing the main spring winding latch, LED, 3 volt crimp lug, and top of winding handle gear. 
         FIG. 9  shows a perspective view of the winding handle gear, winding handle extender, and winding handle. 
         FIG. 10  shows a top view of the top main spring mounting plate winding handle gear and main spring winding gear. 
         FIG. 11  shows a perspective view of the spring winding latch, main spring winding gear and winding handle gear. 
         FIG. 12  shows a side view of the main spring, main spring winding gear, winding latch gear and main spring drive gear. 
         FIG. 13  shows a top view of the main spring. 
         FIG. 14  shows a top and side view of the main spring top cap. 
         FIG. 15  shows a top view of the main spring drive gear shaft and screws. 
         FIG. 16  shows a perspective view of the main spring drive gear and shaft. 
         FIG. 17  shows a top view of the bi-directional solenoid, clutch, winding handle, latching and clutch mechanism in the discharged or fully charged standby in the clutch locked state. 
         FIG. 18  shows a top view of the bi-directional solenoid, clutch, winding handle partially removed, latching and clutch mechanism in the clutch un-locked and latched ready for winding state. 
         FIG. 19  shows a top view of the bi-directional solenoid, clutch, winding handle completely removed, latching and clutch mechanism in the over-voltage bi-directional solenoid pushed to release the latch in the clutch locked state. 
         FIG. 20  shows a top view of the bi-directional solenoid, clutch, winding handle, latching and clutch mechanism in the under-voltage bi-directional solenoid pulled in the clutch un-locked to charge the storage capacitor state. 
         FIG. 21  shows a side view of the clutch wheel, clutch gear, winding handle and main spring drive gear. 
         FIG. 22  shows a perspective view of the bi-directional solenoid, one of two solenoid centering springs, solenoid lever arm with hinge pin and clutch roller. 
         FIG. 23  shows a perspective view of the clutch wheel, clutch locking band and mounting pins. 
         FIG. 24  shows a side view of the clutch wheel, clutch gear, main spring drive gear, winding handle, motor/generator drive gear, and two of the gear ratio increasing gears. 
         FIG. 25  shows a top view of the gear assembly. 
         FIG. 26  shows a perspective exploded view of the gear assembly. 
         FIG. 27  shows a top view of the motor/generator. 
         FIG. 28  shows a side view of the motor/generator. 
         FIG. 29  shows a bottom view of the upper pc board. 
         FIG. 30  shows a top view of the lower pc board. 
         FIG. 31  shows a side view of the upper pc board, lower pc board, motor/generator, bi-directional solenoid, LED, 3 volt crimp lug, negative battery terminal and internal wiring. 
         FIG. 32  shows a top view of the lower pc board connectors, LED on off switch, voltage regulators and side assembly screws. 
         FIG. 33  shows a perspective view of the lower plastic insert and negative battery terminal. 
         FIG. 34  shows a perspective view of the lower plastic insert, bottom assembly screws, lower mounting plates, laminated steel stator core, and standoffs. 
         FIG. 35  shows a schematic for the upper pc board, lower pc board, motor/generator, bi-directional solenoid, LED, 3 volt positive battery terminal, negative battery terminal and internal wiring. 
     
    
    
     REFERENCE NUMERALS IN THE DRAWINGS 
     
         
         
           
               100  exterior housing 
               101  exterior top plate 
               102  3 volt positive battery terminal 
               103  beveled plastic insulator 
               104  flat washer plastic insulator 
               105 - 8  4 top assembly screws 
               110  metal crimp lug 
               111  terminal screw for securing  102   
               120  a standard 1.5 volt D cell battery 
               121  a standard 1.5 volt D cell battery 
               205  winding handle 
               206  winding handle screw 
               208  winding handle extender 
               209  winding handle hinge pin 
               210  winding gear mounting plate 
               211  a hole in the winding gear mounting plate  210   
               212  winding handle shaft 
               215  winding handle gear shaft hinge pin 
               216  winding handle gear shaft 
               220 - 3  4 non-threaded hollow spacers 
               224 - 7  4 threaded spacers that are press fit into the  310   
               230  winding handle gear 
               235  main spring winding latch gear 
               240  main spring winding gear 
               245  winding handle shaft mounting screw 
               246  winding handle shaft slip washer 
               250  main spring winding latch 
               251  main spring winding latch hinge pin 
               252  winding latch spring 
               253  winding latch spring mounting post. 
               254  winding latch spring pin 
               260  main spring winding shaft 
               300  mainspring outer shell 
               301  an open slot in the mainspring outer shell  300   
               302  an open slot in the mainspring winding shaft  260   
               305  top cap for the mainspring outer shell  300   
               307  main spring 
               310  top main spring mounting plate 
               312  main spring drive gear shaft 
               315 - 8  4 main spring drive shaft screws 
               408  bi-directional solenoid 
               409  bi-directional solenoid electromagnetic coil 
               410  top clutch mounting plate 
               412  bi-directional solenoid permanent magnet 
               414  bi-directional solenoid push rod 
               415  bi-directional solenoid push rod pin 
               416  right solenoid lever arm spring post 
               417  right solenoid lever arm centering spring 
               418  solenoid lever arm spring pin 
               419  left solenoid lever arm centering spring 
               420 - 3  4 threaded spacers press fit into mounting plate  410   
               425  solenoid lever arm 
               427  left solenoid lever arm spring post 
               430  solenoid lever arm hinge pin 
               432  clutch roller arm hinge pin 
               434  clutch roller arm 
               436  clutch roller pin 
               438  clutch roller 
               440  handle swing arm 
               442  blocking post for  440   
               444  handle swing arm roller 
               445  handle swing arm roller pin 
               447  handle swing arm hinge pin 
               448  handle swing arm spring pin 
               450  handle swing arm spring 
               451  latch and swing arm spring post for springs  450  and  452   
               452  clutch locking latch spring 
               454  clutch locking latch spring pin 
               456  clutch locking latch 
               458  clutch locking latch hinge pin 
               463  clutch lever arm hinge pin 
               465  clutch lever arm spring pin 
               467  clutch lever arm 
               468  steel clutch locking band pin 
               470  clutch lever arm spring 
               472  clutch lever arm spring post 
               475  steel clutch locking band 
               477  steel clutch locking band posts 
               480  clutch wheel 
               509  a hole in the top gear chain mounting plate  510   
               510  top gear chain mounting plate 
               520 - 3  4 non-threaded hollow spacers 
               525  main spring drive gear 
               530  a gear 
               535  a gear 
               540  a gear 
               545  a gear 
               550  a gear 
               555  a gear 
               560  a gear 
               565  a gear 
               570  a gear 
               575  motor/generator drive gear 
               580  a gear 
               585  a gear 
               590  clutch gear 
               601  motor/generator drive shaft 
               602  laminated steel stator core for the motor/generator MG 1   
               603 - 8  6 wound copper wire stator coils for the motor/generator MG 1   
               610  motor/generator top plate 
               615  permanent magnet rotor for the motor/generator MG 1   
               620 - 3  4 non-threaded hollow upper spacers 
               624 - 7  4 non-threaded hollow lower spacers 
               630  upper pc board mounting plate 
               710  upper pc board 
               720 - 3  4 non-threaded hollow upper spacers 
               724 - 7  4 non-threaded hollow lower spacers 
               730  lower pc board 
               737  lower plastic insert 
               740 - 3  4 long counter sunk assembly screws 
               745  aluminum heat sink 
               750 - 3  4 external mounting screws 
               780  negative battery terminal. 
             C 1  a 1 mf capacitor 
             C 2  a 1 mf capacitor 
             C 3  a 1 Farad storage capacitor 
             C 4  a 250 mf capacitor 
             C 5  a 10 mf capacitor 
             C 6  a 100 mf capacitor 
             C 7  a 10 mf capacitor 
             C 8  a 100 mf capacitor 
             C 9  a 100 mf capacitor 
             C 10  a 0.01 mf capacitor 
             C 11  a 100 mf capacitor 
             C 12  a 10 mf capacitor 
             C 14  a 1 mf capacitor 
             C 15  a 0.01 mf capacitor 
             CW 1  a wire connected to  408   
             CW 2  a wire connected to  408   
             D 1 - 4  4 bridge rectifiers 
             D 5 - 8  4 bridge rectifiers 
             D 10  an isolation diode 
             D 11  an isolation diode 
             D 12  an isolation diode 
             D 14  an isolation diode 
             D 15  an isolation diode 
             FET 1  field effect transistor 
             FET 2  field effect transistor 
             FET 3  field effect transistor 
             IC 1  nano-power under-voltage detector integrated circuit 
             IC 2  nano-power over-voltage detector integrated circuit 
             IC 3  FET voltage reversing switching matrix 
             IC 4  nano-power under-voltage detector integrated circuit 
             IC 5  nano-power under-voltage detector integrated circuit 
             J 1  a connector 
             J 2  a connector 
             J 3  a connector 
             J 4  a connector 
             J 5  a connector 
             J 6  a connector 
             J 7  a connector 
             J 8  a connector 
             J 9  AC adapter power input jack 
             J 10  mini USB power output connector 
             LED 1  Light Emitting Diode 
             LW 2  a wire to LED 1   
             LW 3  a wire to LED 1   
             MG 1  motor/generator 
             MW 1  a wire connected to MG 1   
             MW 2  a wire connected to MG 1   
             R 1  a 10K resistor 
             R 2  a 1 M resistor 
             R 3  a 10K resistor 
             R 4  a 10K resistor 
             R 5  a 10K resistor 
             R 6  a 10K resistor 
             R 7  a 1 M resistor 
             R 8  a 10K resistor 
             R 9  a 10K resistor 
             S 1  on/off switch for LED 1   
             S 2  switch contained within J 9   
             VR 1  3 Volt voltage regulator 
             VR 2  5 Volt voltage regulator 
             VR 3  8 Volt voltage regulator 
             VW 3  a wire connected to crimp lug  110   
           
         
       
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The following detailed description is directed to certain specific embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be embodied in a multitude of different ways as defined and covered by the claims and their equivalents. In this description, reference is made to the drawings wherein like parts are designated with like numerals throughout. 
     Unless otherwise noted in this specification and the claims will have the meanings normally ascribed to these terms by those skilled in the art. 
     Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise”, “comprising” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive sense; that is to say, in a sense of “including, but not limited to”. Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number, respectively. Additionally, the words “herein”, “above”, “below”, and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portion(s) of this application. 
     The detailed description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to be exhaustive or limit the invention to the precise form disclosed above. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalents modifications including but not limited to the size, scale, proportions or quantity and value of the voltage outputs of the embodiment of the invention described herein are possible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, while steps are present in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps in a different order. The teachings of the invention provided herein can be combined to provide further embodiments. These and other changes can be made to the invention in light of the detailed description. 
     Aspects of the invention can be modified, if necessary, to employ the systems, functions and concepts of the various patents and application described above to provide yet further embodiments of the invention. 
     These and other changes can be made to the invention in light of this detailed description. 
       FIG. 1  is a side cutaway view of one embodiment of the full assembly showing a basic view of the internal sub-assemblies.  100  is the exterior housing,  101  is the exterior top plate,  102  is the 3 volt positive battery terminal, LED 1  is the Light Emitting Diode,  205  is the winding handle,  210  is the winding gear mounting plate,  212  is the winding handle shaft,  216  is the winding handle gear shaft,  300  is the main spring outer shell,  310  is the top main spring mounting plate,  410  is the top clutch mounting plate,  480  is the clutch wheel,  510  is the top gear chain mounting plate,  525  is the main spring drive gear,  610  is the motor/generator top plate, MG 1  is the motor/generator,  630  is the upper pc board mounting plate,  710  is the upper pc board,  730  is the lower pc board, J 9  is the AC adapter power input jack, S 1  is the on/off switch for the Light Emitting Diode, J 10  is the mini USB power output connector,  737  is the lower plastic insert and  780  is the negative battery terminal. A detailed description of the functions of the sub-assemblies will follow. 
       FIG. 2  is a side view of 2 standard 1.5 volt D cell batteries  120  and  121  stacked one on top of the other with a 3 volt combined normal output voltage representing the exterior dimensions of one embodiment of the invention. 
       FIG. 3  is a side perspective exterior view of one embodiment the invention with the exterior dimensions of  FIG. 2  where  100  is the exterior housing,  101  is the exterior top plate,  102  is the 3 volt positive battery terminal,  208  is the winding handle extender,  212  is the winding handle shaft, S 1  is the on/off switch for the LED light, J 9  is the AC adapter power input jack,  751  and  752  are 2 of the 4 side assembly screws for the lower plastic insert  737 . 
       FIG. 4  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention where  100  is the exterior housing,  101  is the exterior top plate,  102  is the 3 volt positive battery terminal, LED 1  is the Light Emitting Diode,  208  is the winding handle extender,  212  is the winding handle shaft,  216  is the winding handle gear shaft,  105 - 108  are the 4 top assembly screws. 
       FIG. 5  is a side perspective view of the top assembly plates, screws, and spacers where  105 - 108  are the 4 top assembly screws,  101  is the exterior top plate,  210  is the winding gear mounting plate,  310  is the top main spring mounting plate,  220 - 223  are 4 non-threaded hollow spacers,  224 - 227  are 4 threaded spacers that are press fit into  310 . 
       FIG. 6  is a side cutaway view of one embodiment of the invention where  100  is the exterior housing,  101  is the exterior top plate,  102  is the 3 volt positive battery terminal, LED 1  is the Light Emitting Diode,  103  is a beveled plastic insulator isolating  102  from the exterior housing,  104  is a flat washer plastic insulator,  105  is one of the 4 top assembly screws,  110  is a metal crimp lug for connecting power to  102  held in place with terminal screw  111 ,  208  is the winding handle extender,  210  is the winding gear mounting plate,  216  is the winding handle gear shaft,  220  is one of 4 non-threaded hollow spacers,  224  is one of 4 threaded spacers that are press fit into  310 ,  230  is the winding handle gear,  235  is the main spring winding latch gear,  240  is the main spring winding gear,  245  is the winding handle shaft mounting screw with the winding handle slip washer  246 ,  250  is the main spring winding latch,  251  is the main spring winding latch hinge pin and  260  is the main spring winding shaft, VW 3  is the 3 volt power wire connected to the upper pc board via J 3  as shown in  FIG. 31  and LW 3  is the LED switch wire connected to the lower pc board via J 7  as shown in  FIG. 31 . 
       FIG. 7  is a side view of one embodiment of the invention where the winding handle  205  secured with winding handle screw  206  is extended into the spring winding position along with  208  and  216 . The winding direction is clockwise when viewed from the top as shown by the arrows in  FIG. 8 . Additionally  216  is machined to stop  208  from over-rotating potentially touching  102  as shown by the dotted lines. 
       FIG. 8  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention where wire LW 2  passes thru a hole in the winding gear mounting plate  211  from LED 1  and wire VW 3  are connected to metal crimp lug  110 . The winding gear mounting plate  210  is shown with the 4 non-threaded hollow spacers  220 - 223 . The direction of rotation for  216  and  235  are shown, the gears that link these 2 parts is shown in  FIG. 10 . The main spring winding latch gear  235  prevents the main spring from unwinding with the main spring winding latch  250  with the winding latch spring  252  and the winding latch spring pin  254 ,  251  is the main spring winding latch hinge pin and  253  is the winding latch spring mounting post. 
       FIG. 9  is an exploded view of one embodiment of the invention where the components that comprise the winding handle mechanism are shown. The winding handle  205  secured to the winding handle shaft  212  with winding handle screw  206  and attached to the winding handle extender  208  with winding handle hinge pin  209 .  208  is attached to  216  with the winding handle gear shaft hinge pin  215  turning winding handle gear  230 . 
       FIG. 10  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention where the 4 threaded spacers  224 - 227  are press fit into the top main spring mounting plate  310 . The interface between gears  230  and  240  is shown. 
       FIG. 11  is an exploded view of one embodiment of the invention where the components that comprise the winding handle gear shaft  216 , gears  230  and  240 , and a detail of how the winding latch spring  252  is attached to the main spring winding latch  250  with winding latch spring pin  254  is shown. 
       FIG. 12  is a side view of one embodiment of the invention where the main spring assembly is shown. Gears  235  and  240  are attached to the mainspring winding shaft  260 . There is an open slot  302  in the main spring winding shaft  260  for securing the inside core of the main spring  307 .  300  is the main spring outer shell for containing the main spring with an open slot in the main spring outer shell  301  for securing the outer end of the main spring  307 .  305  is the top cap for the main spring outer shell  300 ,  260  rotates freely thru the opening in  305  and the end of  260  sits in a bearing at the top of main spring drive gear shaft  312 . The main spring outer shell  300 , top cap  305 , main spring drive gear shaft  312 , and main spring drive gear  525  all rotate together as the main spring unwinds driving the motor/generator thru a gear chain shown in  FIG. 26  and rotate independently from the winding assembly. 
       FIG. 13  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention showing the main spring  307 . 
       FIG. 14  is a top and side view of one embodiment of the invention showing the top cap  305  for the main spring outer shell  300 . 
       FIG. 15  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention showing the top of main spring drive gear shaft  312  and the 4 mounting screws  315 - 318  for attachment to the main spring outer shell  300 . 
       FIG. 16  is a perspective view of one embodiment of the invention showing the main spring drive gear shaft  312  and main spring drive gear  525 . 
       FIG. 17  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention showing the clutch release mechanism in the clutch locked, discharged or fully charged standby state where the winding handle  205  is fully inserted into the side of the assembly with the winding handle shaft  212 . The 4 threaded spacers  420 - 423  are shown on top of the top gear chain mounting plate  510 , these are press fit into the top clutch mounting plate  410  as shown in  FIG. 34 .  408  is a cut away view of the bi-directional solenoid showing the bi-directional solenoid electromagnetic coil  409 , coil wirers CW 1  and CW 2  passing thru a hole  509  in the top gear chain mounting plate  510  which are connected to the upper pc board via J 3  shown in  FIG. 31 , internal bi-directional solenoid permanent magnet  412 , bi-directional solenoid push rod  414 , and bi-directional solenoid push rod pin  415 . In this state there is no power applied to the bi-directional solenoid, it is held in the centered position with the right solenoid lever arm centering spring  417  secured with the right solenoid lever arm centering spring post  416  and the left solenoid lever arm centering spring  419  secured with the left solenoid lever arm centering spring post  427  attached to the solenoid lever arm  425  with solenoid lever arm spring pin  418 . The solenoid lever arm  425  rotates around solenoid lever arm hinge pin  430  and is hinged to the clutch roller arm  434  with clutch roller arm hinge pin  432 . The clutch roller  438  is secured to  434  with clutch roller pin  436 . Handle swing arm  440  with handle swing arm roller  444  secured with handle swing arm roller pin  445  is secured with handle swing arm hinge pin  447  and kept in place with handle swing arm spring  450  attached to  440  with handle swing arm spring pin  448  and secured with latch and swing arm spring post  451 . Blocking post  442  prevents  440  from rubbing against the main spring drive gear shaft  312  when the winding handle  205  is removed. Clutch lever arm  467  rotates around clutch lever arm hinge pin  463  and locks the clutch wheel  480  with clutch lever arm spring  470  attached to  467  with clutch lever arm spring pin  465  and held in place with clutch lever arm spring post  472  and steel clutch locking band  475  attached to  467  with steel clutch locking band pin  468  and held in place at the other end with steel clutch locking band post  477 . In this view the clutch wheel  480  is locked preventing the main spring  307  from turning the motor/generator MG 1 . The clutch locking latch  456  which rotates around clutch locking latch hinge pin  458  and is pulled with clutch locking latch spring  452  attached to  456  with clutch locking latch spring pin  454  and secured with latch and swing arm spring post  451  is not latching  467  in this view of the clutch assembly. 
       FIG. 18  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention showing the clutch release mechanism in the clutch un-locked, discharged or charging state where the winding handle  205  is either being inserted or removed from the side of the assembly. During this action as the detent in the center of the handle moves, the end of the handle will push on the handle swing arm roller  444  causing the handle swing arm  440  to push on the clutch roller  438  and push the clutch lever arm  467  far enough to allow the clutch locking latch  456  to lock the clutch lever arm  467  releasing the tension on the steel clutch locking band  475  allowing the clutch wheel  480  and motor/generator MG 1  shown in  FIG. 27  to rotate charging the 1 Farad storage capacitor C 3  shown in  FIG. 35 . 
     In the action where the winding handle  205  is being removed for winding the main spring  307  the clutch locking latch  456  will remain in the clutch un-locked position until over-voltage is detected and then released by the bi-directional solenoid  408  as shown in  FIG. 19 . During the charging cycle in this mode, under-voltage will be briefly detected activating the bi-directional solenoid  408  in the opposite direction as seen in  FIG. 20  however this will not disengage the clutch locking latch  456 . 
     In the action where the winding handle  205  is being inserted after the device is fully charged the clutch locking latch  456  will be briefly engaged and then released by over-voltage detection by the bi-directional solenoid  408  as shown in  FIG. 19 . 
     There is a potential faulty user action that has been taken into consideration in the design of this mechanism where the winding handle  205  is partially inserted as shown in this  FIG. 18  after the device has been fully charged. In this case when over-voltage is detected the bi-directional solenoid  408  will push the clutch roller  438  into the extra space provided by the deeper step in the clutch lever arm  467  locking the clutch wheel  480 . However if left in this position when under-voltage is detected the bi-directional solenoid  408  will pull the clutch roller  438  into a position where the clutch locking latch  456  will be re-engaged repeating the cycle. This will not damage the mechanism but will slowly unwind the main spring  307 . 
       FIG. 19  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention showing the clutch release mechanism in the clutch locked, over-voltage detected state where the winding handle  205  is fully removed from the side of the assembly when winding the main spring  307 . In this mode the bi-directional solenoid  408  is in the pushed position having a voltage applied to the bi-directional solenoid electromagnetic coil  409 , by having a positive voltage applied to coil wire CW 1  and a ground potential applied to CW 2  which are connected to the upper pc board via J 3  shown in  FIG. 31 , the internal bi-directional solenoid permanent magnet  412 , pushes the bi-directional solenoid push rod  414  and bi-directional solenoid push rod pin  415  out. In this state the right solenoid lever arm centering spring  417  is stretched and left solenoid lever arm centering spring  419  is compressed. Bi-directional solenoid push rod pin  415  rotates the solenoid lever arm  425  around solenoid lever arm hinge pin  430  pushing the clutch roller arm  434  into the clutch locking latch  456  releasing the clutch lever arm  467  locking the clutch wheel  480  and stopping it from rotating. 
       FIG. 20  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention showing the clutch release mechanism in the clutch un-locked, under-voltage detected state where the winding handle  205  is fully inserted into the side of the assembly. In this mode the bi-directional solenoid  408  is in the pulled position having a voltage applied to the bi-directional solenoid electromagnetic coil  409 , by having a ground potential applied to coil wire CW 1  and a positive voltage applied to CW 2  which are connected to the upper pc board via J 3  shown in  FIG. 31 , the internal bi-directional solenoid permanent magnet  412 , pulls the bi-directional solenoid push rod  414  and the bi-directional solenoid push rod pin  415  in. In this state the right solenoid lever arm centering spring  417  is compressed and left solenoid lever arm centering spring  419  is stretched. Bi-directional solenoid push rod pin  415  rotates the solenoid lever arm  425  around solenoid lever arm hinge pin  430  pulling the clutch roller arm  434  into a narrower gap between the handle swing arm  440  and the clutch lever arm  467  un-locking the clutch wheel  480  allowing it to rotate along with motor/generator MG 1  shown in  FIG. 27  charging the 1 Farad capacitor C 3  shown in  FIG. 35 . In this mode the rotation of the clutch lever arm  467  is sufficient to release the clutch but not enough to engage the clutch locking latch  456 . This is the normal operating mode when this device is being used to power any external device or when briefly activated to maintain the standby voltage. 
       FIG. 21  is a side view of one embodiment of the invention showing the relationship of some of the components comprising the clutch assembly where  300  is the bottom of the main spring outer shell,  312  is the main spring drive gear shaft,  525  is the main spring drive gear,  410  is the top clutch mounting plate,  510  is the top gear chain mounting plate,  205  is the winding handle,  212  is the winding handle shaft,  480  is the clutch wheel, and  590  is the clutch gear. 
       FIG. 22  is a detailed perspective view of one embodiment of the invention showing the exterior of the bi-directional solenoid  408 , coil wirers CW 1  and CW 2 , bi-directional solenoid push rod  414  and bi-directional solenoid push rod pin  415 , one of the 2 solenoid lever arm centering springs  417  attached with solenoid lever arm spring pin  418 , the solenoid lever arm  425  which rotates around solenoid lever arm hinge pin  430  and is hinged to the clutch roller arm  434  with clutch roller arm hinge pin  432 , the clutch roller  438  secured to  434  with clutch roller pin  436 . This  FIG. 22  is sufficient to detail the form of the other similar springs, arms, pins, roller, and hinges in this assembly. 
       FIG. 23  is a detailed perspective view of one embodiment of the invention showing the clutch wheel  480 , the clutch gear  590 , the steel clutch locking band  475  attached to the steel clutch locking band pin  468  and steel clutch locking band post  477 . The function of how this clutch works has been previously described. 
       FIG. 24  is a side view of one embodiment of the invention showing the relationship of some of the components comprising the gear assembly where  312  is the main spring drive gear shaft,  525  is the main spring drive gear,  510  is the top gear chain mounting plate,  205  is the winding handle,  520  is one of 4 non-threaded hollow spacers detailed in  FIG. 34, 480  is the clutch wheel,  590  is the clutch gear,  610  is the motor/generator top plate,  575  is the motor/generator drive gear, and two of the gear chain gears  545  and  550  which rotate together on a common shaft. This view also shows the gear assembly is limited to two gear high spacing and gears  525  and  575  which are positioned one on top of the other as shown in  FIG. 25  are not directly linked to each other and turn in opposite directions as shown in  FIG. 26 . 
       FIG. 25  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention showing the entire gear assembly with cutaway views revealing the gears that are positioned under other gears. With the exception of gears  525  and  575  all gears stacked one on top of the other turn together on a common shaft. The main spring drive gear  525  turns gear  530  which turns gear  535  and  540  which turns  545  and  550  which turns gear  555  which turns gear  560  and  565  which turns gear  570 . Gear  570  turns both the motor/generator drive gear  575  and gear  580  and  585  which turns the clutch gear  590 . The direction of rotation arrows shown in this  FIG. 25  are for the normal operating mode where the motor/generator MG 1  is acting as a generator. When the AC adapter is plugged in to rewind the main spring without using the winding handle  205  the motor/generator MG 1  will act as a motor and the direction of all of the gears is reversed. The following table shows the gear ratios for this assembly: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 First Chain of Gears 
                 Second Chain of Gears 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 525 to 530 = 1 to 1 
                 570 to 580 = 1 to 2.4 
               
               
                   
                 530 to 535 = 1 to 2.6 
                 580 to 585 = 1 to 1 
               
               
                   
                 535 to 540 = 1 to 1 
                 585 to 590 = 1 to 2.2 
               
               
                   
                 540 to 545 = 1 to 2.8 
               
               
                   
                 545 to 550 = 1 to 1 
               
               
                   
                 550 to 555 = 1 to 1 
               
               
                   
                 555 to 560 = 1 to 1.6 
               
               
                   
                 560 to 565 = 1 to 1 
               
               
                   
                 565 to 570 = 1 to 1.4 
               
               
                   
                 570 to 575 = 1 to 2.4 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This table results in a gear ratio of 1 to 39.13728 between the main spring drive gear  525  and the motor/generator drive gear  575 , comprising the first chain of gears, meaning for each single turn of the main spring the motor/generator will turn about 40 times. This also results in a gear ratio of 1 to 86.102 between the main spring drive gear  525  and the clutch gear  590 , where gears  570 ,  580 ,  585  and  590  comprise the second chain of gears. This high gear ratio creates a state where it only takes a small amount of force applied by the steel clutch band  475  to keep the main spring from turning. It should be noted that these gear ratios are for one embodiment of the invention and may be changed to optimize performance. 
       FIG. 26  is an exploded view of one embodiment of the invention showing the entire gear assembly showing the top gear chain mounting plate  510  and motor/generator top plate  610  and where the main spring drive gear  525  turns gear  530  which turns gear  535  and  540  which turns gear  545  and  550  which turns gear  555  which turns gear  560  and  565  which turns gear  570 . Gear  570  turns both the motor/generator drive gear  575  and gear  580  and  585  which turns the clutch gear  590 . The direction of rotation arrows shown in this  FIG. 26  are for the normal operating mode where the motor/generator MG 1  is acting as a generator. When the AC adapter is plugged in to rewind the main spring without using the winding handle  205  the motor/generator MG 1  will act as a motor and the direction of all of the gears is reversed. The description of the operation of this assembly has been previously described in  FIG. 25 . 
       FIG. 27  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention showing the motor/generator assembly MG 1  where  100  is the exterior housing,  602  is the laminated steel stator core,  603 ,  605 , and  607  are wound copper wire stator coils in one direction and  604 ,  606 , and  608  are wound copper wire stator coils in the opposite direction connected in series and connected with stator wirers MW 1  and MW 2 , producing an Alternating Current output, which are connected to the lower pc board via J 7  shown in  FIG. 31 .  620 - 623  are 4 non-threaded hollow upper spacers detailed in  FIG. 34 .  615  is the permanent magnet rotor for the motor/generator MG 1  the arrow indicates the direction of rotation in the generator mode when turned by the main spring  307  thru the gear chain, the rotation is reversed in the motor mode when the AC adapter is plugged in to rewind the main spring without using the winding handle  205 . The non-symmetric shape of the poles of the permanent magnet rotor  615  are designed to force the rotor to rotate counter-clockwise, viewed from the top, when used as a motor. This has minimal effect when used as a generator where the rotation is clockwise. It should be noted that there are many forms of motor/generators, for this embodiment of the invention this type has been incorporated due to the fact that there are no rotor brushes needed which will wear out over time. 
       FIG. 28  is a side cutaway view of one embodiment of the invention showing the motor/generator assembly MG 1  where the motor/generator drive gear  575  turns the motor/generator drive shaft  601  and permanent magnet rotor  615 . The motor/generator top plate  610  and upper pc board mounting plate  630  hold the laminated steel stator core  602  in place with 8 non-threaded hollow spacers 2 of the 4 upper spacers  620  and  623  and 2 of the 4 lower spacers  624  and  627  are shown in this view a detailed view of the spacers can be seen in  FIG. 34 . A side exterior view of 1 of the 6 wound copper wire stator coils  607  and a side cutaway view of another one of the coils  605  is shown. 
       FIG. 29  is a bottom view of one embodiment of the invention showing the upper pc board  710 . For clarity the top view of this pc board is not shown as the mounted components face downwards as seen in  FIG. 31 . This is a partial list of the mounted components where IC 1  is a nano-power under-voltage detector integrated circuit, IC 2  is a nano-power over-voltage detector integrated circuit, IC 3  is a FET voltage reversing switching matrix, IC 4  nano-power under-voltage detector integrated circuit, FET 1  is a field effect transistor, J 1  is a connector, and J 2  is a connector. A detailed description of this pc board is described in  FIG. 35 . 
       FIG. 30  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention showing the lower pc board  730 . This is a partial list of the mounted components where IC 5  is a nano-power under-voltage detector integrated circuit, FET 2  is a field effect transistor, FET 3  is a field effect transistor, J 6  is a connector, and J 8  is a connector, and C 3  is a 1 Farad storage capacitor.  724 - 727  are 4 non-threaded hollow spacers detailed in  FIG. 34 . A detailed description of this pc board is described in  FIG. 35 . 
       FIG. 31  is a side view of one embodiment of the invention showing the internal wiring of the full assembly to the pc boards and battery terminals where J 3  supplies 3 Volt power to metal crimp lug  110 , which is secured to the 3 volt positive battery terminal  102  with terminal screw  111  as seen in  FIG. 6 , via wire VW 3  and power to LED 1  via wire LW 2 . The other end of LED 1  connects to J 7  via wire LW 3 . The motor/generator MG 1  connects to J 7  via wirers MW 1  and MW 2 . The bi-directional solenoid  408  connects to J 3  via wirers CW 1  and CW 2 . J 3  plugs into J 1  on the upper pc board  710 . J 7  plugs into J 8  on the lower pc board  730 . J 4  plugs into J 2  on the upper pc board  710  and J 5  plugs into J 6  on the lower pc board  730 . C 3  is the 1 Farad storage capacitor mounted on the lower pc board  730 .  726  is 1 of the 4 non-threaded hollow spacers detailed in  FIG. 34  which separate the upper and lower pc boards. J 10  is the Mini USB power output connector mounted to the bottom of the lower pc board  730 . S 1  is the on/off switch for LED 1  mounted to the bottom of the lower pc board  730 . J 9  is the AC adapter power input jack mounted to the bottom of the lower pc board  730 .  780  is the external negative battery terminal soldered to the lower pc board  730 . A detailed description of the function of these components is described in  FIG. 35 . 
       FIG. 32  is a top view of one embodiment of the invention showing the lower plastic insert  737 , the 4 external mounting screws  750 - 753 , aluminum heat sink  745 , voltage regulators VR 1  and VR 2 , the Mini USB power output connector J 10 , the on/off switch for LED 1  S 1 , and the AC adapter power input jack J 9 . 
       FIG. 33  is a perspective view of one embodiment of the invention showing the lower plastic insert  737  and the external negative battery terminal  780 . The lower plastic insert  737  acts an insulator between the exterior housing  100  and the negative battery terminal  780 .  780  is a solid metal beveled plate with 4 locking tabs that secure it in place in slots in the bottom of  737 . The long metal tab slides thru a slot in  737  and is soldered to the lower pc board  730 . 
       FIG. 34  is a perspective view of one embodiment of the invention showing the mechanical assembly of the lower section of the device where  410  is the top clutch mounting plate,  420 - 423  are 4 threaded spacers press fit into  410 ,  510  is the top gear chain mounting plate,  520 - 523  are 4 non-threaded hollow spacers,  610  is the motor/generator top plate,  620 - 623  are 4 non-threaded hollow upper spacers,  602  is the laminated steel stator core,  624 - 627  are 4 non-threaded hollow lower spacers,  630  is the upper pc board mounting plate,  720 - 723  are 4 non-threaded hollow spacers,  710  is the upper pc board,  724 - 727  are 4 non-threaded hollow spacers,  730  the lower pc board,  737  is the lower plastic insert, and  740 - 743  are 4 long counter sunk assembly screws that screw into the 4 threaded spacers  420 - 423  holding the lower assembly together. The tension created by the torsion of the main spring is transferred from the 4 top assembly screws  105 - 106  shown in  FIG. 5  to the exterior housing  100  to the 4 external mounting screws  750 - 753  shown in  FIG. 32  into the lower plastic insert  737  and the 4 long counter sunk assembly screws  740 - 743 . This was designed to make it unnecessary to run assembly screws from the top to the bottom of the assembly maximizing the size of the main spring  307 . The 4 long counter sunk assembly screws  740 - 743  are outside the dimension of the negative battery terminal  780  shown in  FIG. 33  and make no electrical connection keeping the exterior housing  100  and internal metal components isolated from power or ground. 
       FIG. 35  is a schematic of one embodiment of the invention showing the upper pc board  710 , the lower pc board  730 , the motor/generator MG 1 , the light emitting diode LED 1 , the bi-directional solenoid  408 , the positive battery terminal  102 , the negative battery terminal  780 , and connectors J 3 ,J 4 ,J 5  and J 7 . 
     MG 1  connects to  730  via wirers MW 1 , MW 2 , J 7  plugged into J 8 . When operating as a generator MG 1  supplies AC voltage to bridge rectifiers D 5 , D 6 , D 7 , and D 8  converting the AC to DC charging the 10 mf capacitor C 7  and thru S 2  incorporated within J 9 , normally closed, supplies AC voltage to bridge rectifiers D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , and D 4  converting the AC to DC charging the 1 mf capacitor C 2  and thru isolation diode D 10 , charges the 1 Farad storage capacitor C 3  and 250 mf capacitor C 4 . When operating as a motor MG 1  receives AC voltage via J 8  directly from an external AC adaptor when plugged into J 9  opening switch S 2 , bridge rectifiers D 5 , D 6 , D 7 , and D 8  also receives power from J 9  converting the AC to DC charging the 10 mf capacitor C 7  however S 2  is now open and no power is supplied to D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , and D 4  causing the 1 mf capacitor C 2  to quickly discharge thru the 10K resistor R 3  and isolation diode D 10  blocks any return charge from C 3  and C 4  and prevents R 3  from draining the charge on C 3  and C 4  in standby mode. This state turns ON the inverse function field effect transistor switch FET 2  as when a high state is detected on the CONTROL 3  lead the switch is OFF and when a low state is detected the switch is turned ON. This supplies DC voltage to the 100 mf capacitor C 8 , 8 Volt voltage regulator VR 3 , 100 mf capacitor C 9 , 10K load resistor R 5 , and isolation diodes D 11  and D 12 . D 11  maintains the charge on C 3  and C 4  and prevents R 5  from draining the charge when VR 3  is OFF. The ON state from D 12  goes thru 10K resistor R 6 , connectors J 6 ,J 5 ,J 4 ,J 2  to the under voltage override CONTROL 6  to the FET voltage reversing switching matrix IC 3 . Using the charge maintained on C 3  and C 4  this matrix engages the bi-directional solenoid  408 , in the pulled mode, via J 1 ,J 3  and wirers CW 1  and CW 2  in the under-voltage detected mode shown in  FIG. 20  releasing the clutch  480  allowing MG 1  to turn winding the main spring  307 . The external AC adapter has a current detector that turns it OFF when  307  is fully wound. 
     The FET voltage reversing switching matrix IC 3  functions in the following way. There are 3 control inputs, 2 outputs, and power and ground designed to activate the bi-directional solenoid  408  in one of 2 directions. When the voltage on C 3  and C 4  falls to 7 volts the nano-power under-voltage detector IC 1  sends an ON state via the CONTROL 1  input to IC 3  which sends a positive (+) voltage to OUTPUT 1  and a ground state (−) to OUTPUT 2  thru J 1 , J 3  and wirers CW 1  and CW 2  pulling the bi-directional solenoid magnet  412  IN as seen in  FIG. 20  releasing the clutch  480  allowing MG 1  to turn acting as a generator recharging C 3  and C 4 . This is the same mode for using MG 1  as a motor described in the previous paragraph. When the voltage on C 3  and C 4  rises to 10 volts the nano-power over-voltage detector IC 2  sends an ON state via the CONTROL 2  input to IC 3  which sends a ground state (−) voltage to OUTPUT 1  and a positive (+) voltage to OUTPUT 2  thru J 1 , J 3  and wirers CW 1  and CW 2  pushing the bi-directional solenoid permanent magnet  412  OUT as seen in  FIG. 19  locking the clutch  480  preventing MG 1  from turning to protect the storage capacitors and other electronic components from over voltage. 
     The mini USB connector J 10  is for charging cell phones and powering numerous external devices that are compatible with USB power, functions in the following way. A static voltage is maintained on the positive voltage pin on J 10  via 1 M resistor R 7  charging the 0.01 mf capacitor C 10 . When an external load is connected the voltage drop is detected by the input of the nano-power under-voltage detector IC 5  via 10K resistor R 8  lowering the charge on the 1 mf capacitor C 14  which sends an ON state via CONTROL 5  to field effect transistor switch FET 3  charging the 10 mf capacitor C 12  and powering the 5 Volt voltage regulator VR 2  charging the 100 mf capacitor C 11  with 10K load resistor R 9  passing thru isolation diode D 15  powering the connected external device. The threshold level for IC 5  is set for 6 volts assuring that it will not turn off when the voltage regulator VR 2  turns ON. When the external load is removed the static voltage at IN on IC 5  will rise to the minimum 7 volt charge maintained on C 3  and C 4  turning VR 2  OFF. This greatly reduces the standby drain on C 3  and C 4  along with isolation diode D 15  blocking the drain from R 9 . 
     All aspects of the schematic and mechanics of the invention are designed to minimize the static load on capacitors C 3  and C 4  extending the time the device can retain the ability to provide power without the need to rewind the main spring  307 . In the embodiment described herein the length of time between brief activation of the generator MG 1  by activation of bi-directional solenoid  408  when under-voltage is detected by IC 1  can be calculated with the following constants where:
         T=The time in seconds between recharge cycles.   E=10 Volts, The full charge starting point.   V=7 Volts, The low voltage detection point.   R=1,500,000 (1.5 M) ohms, The effective restive load.   C=1 Farad, The storage capacitance.       

     Using the formula:
 
 T=RC  log  E/V  
 
 T= 1,500,000×1×log 10/7
 
 T= 1,500,000×log 1.428571429
 
 T= 1,500,000×0.356674944
 
 T= 535,012Seconds
 
     This equates to 8,916.9 minutes or 148.6 hours or about 6.2 days between brief recharge cycles allowing the device to retain the ability to provide power for months without rewinding. It should be noted that the calculations for this embodiment of the invention are for example and clarity of the design. Other variations may have shorter or much longer time periods. 
     When the device is installed into an external device as a substitute for electrochemical batteries the positive battery terminal  102  and light emitting diode LED 1  receive their power from the same 3 volt source which functions in the following way. A static voltage is maintained on the positive battery terminal  102  and LED 1  thru wirers LW 2  and VW 3 , and connectors J 3  and J 1  via 1 M resistor R 2  charging the 0.01 mf capacitor C 15 . When an external load is detected the voltage drop is detected by the input of the nano-power under-voltage detector IC 4 , via 10K resistor R 1  reducing the charge on the 1 mf capacitor C 1 , which sends an ON state via CONTROL 4  to field effect transistor switch FET 1  charging the 10 mf capacitor C 5  via a connection thru J 2 , J 4 , J 5  and J 6  powering the 3 Volt voltage regulator VR 1  charging the 100 mf capacitor C 6  with 10K load resistor R 4  passing thru isolation diode D 14  powering the connected external device or LED 1  which is turned on via wire LW 3  to J 7  and J 8  connected to LED switch S 1  which is normally open (OFF) and when switched to ground (ON) is detected as an external load turning LED 1  (ON) allowing the device to be used as a flashlight. The threshold input level for IC 4  is set for 4 volts assuring that it will not turn off when the voltage regulator VR 1  turns ON. When the external load is removed the static voltage at the IN on IC 4  will rise to the minimum 7 volt charge maintained on C 3  and C 4  turning VR 1  OFF. This greatly reduces the standby drain on C 3  and C 4  along with isolation diode D 14  blocking the drain from R 4 . Additionally the FET switches used have an extremely high off state resistance providing virtually no drain on C 3  and C 4  in standby mode.