Abstract:
Applicator ( 11 ) for application of a viscous mass ( 31 ) to a surface ( 33 ) comprising a heated chamber ( 32 ) in communication with openings ( 12 ) controlled by valves ( 14 ) allowing dropwise discharge of the viscous mass to the surface. The valves ( 14 ) are non-packed and comprise an outer sleeve ( 15 ) having at least one through opening ( 16 ) in its sleeve wall and valve plug ( 17 ) adapted to the internal surface of the sleeve ( 15 ). The valve plug ( 17 ) is reciprocated by a valve lifter ( 18 ) from a closed position completely sealing the at least one through opening ( 16 ) in the sleeve wall, to an elevated open position exposing at least the lowermost part of the at least one through opening ( 16 ) allowing viscous mass ( 31 ) to pass from the outside of the sleeve ( 15 ) to the inside thereof.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    The disclosure concerns an apparatus in the form of an applicator to deposit a viscous, flowable mass to a surface, such as roadways, parking areas, air port runways and the like. The disclosure also concerns a traffic printer comprising a number of such applicators and a method of cleaning the valves and their openings. 
         [0002]    \Norwegian patent No. 311733 (Trysil Maskin) teaches an apparatus intended for suspension to a vehicle for which a pressurized viscous mass container is supplied with viscous mass from a storage container. The mass is discharges thorough a member arranged to be opened and closed by a flapper and having a discharge slot facing the surface below, the axis thereof being perpendicular to the direction of movement. The member arranged to be opened and closed is connected to a secondary valve member which is arranged with an axis parallel to the discharge slot in a cylindrical sleeve shaped element. The secondary valve member is provided with a longitudinally extending groove in the periphery which can connect an inlet slot from the mass container with the discharge slot at the flapper. 
         [0003]    This apparatus works satisfactory for traditional application of longitudinal stripes on road surfaces but is not designed for application of patterns and neither for controlled application of marker coatings with improved reflection function for wet marking and for masses which needs heating. 
         [0004]    Norwegian patent No. 316 123 (Trysil Maskin) describes an apparatus for suspension to or integration with a vehicle, comprising a pressurized mass container for a liquid, flowable mass from a storage container, said mass being discharged through a valve member having a row of close adjacently arranged flapper elements that can be activated individually. Even tough this design allows application of simple patterns, it does not allow application of more complicated patterns or symbols. 
         [0005]    Another disadvantage of the prior art equipment is that the flapper openings tends to get clogged and that no satisfactory measures have been found to remedy that. 
         [0006]    From Norwegian patent No. 325 827 is known an apparatus for suspension to or integration with a vehicle for depositing a flowable substance that can form continuous or divided marker coatings on road surfaces, parking areas and the like, comprising a container for the flowable substance, the substance being discharged through a valve member having a number of computer controlled, close adjacently arranged valve elements that can be activated individually by means of a row of activating members having connecting elements to the individual valve elements. This apparatus, however, no more than the other, provides a solution as how to deposit complex patterns, signs or symbols to a surface. 
         [0007]    Advanced signs, symbols and writing on road surfaces must still be applied manually by personnel which for that purpose normally must work on a closed part of a partly open road, with the risk for accidents involved in being so close to traffic. It would have been a very significant advantage both in terms of safety and economy if many of the tasks today being made manually by personnel working very close to motorized traffic could be performed more automatically and by personnel mainly working inside a vehicle. There is thus a need for an apparatus which is able to “write” any desired signs and symbols to a surface such as a roadway. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]    Below the invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0009]      FIG. 1A  provides a side sectional view of an embodiment of an applicator according to the present disclosure, 
           [0010]      FIG. 1B  provides a top view of the top cover of the applicator from  FIG. 1 . 
           [0011]      FIG. 1C  shows an enlarged section of a detail shown in  FIG. 1A . 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  provides a sectional view of a detail from  FIG. 1A . 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  provides a schematic top view of a number of assembled applicators in an assembly ready for use. 
           [0014]      FIG. 4A  shows schematically the assembly from  FIG. 3  in use. 
           [0015]      FIG. 4B  shows schematically the assembly from  FIG. 3  when being cleaned according to the disclosed method. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]    With reference to the drawings wherein like numerals represent like parts throughout the Figures, an applicator, a traffic printer and a method of cleaning valves thereof are disclosed. 
         [0017]    By “viscous mass” as used herein is understood any mass which are flowable at a convenient elevated temperature and which has a viscosity which prevents it from flowing significantly when applied to a surface typically at ambient temperature, such as temperatures in the range from 5° C. to 40° C. Higher or lower temperature may occur exceptionally. Typical masses are resin based but can contain fragments/particles of other materials, e.g. to increase friction or to improve light reflection from a completed, set mass on a surface. 
         [0018]    With “surface” as used herein is understood typically a roadway, a parking space, an airport or other areas having paved surface, such as covered by asphalt or concrete, especially surfaces intended for vehicles. 
         [0019]    While the complete “traffic printer” according to the present disclosure below is described as a unit assembled from a number of applicators having a common source of the viscous mass, exemplified as comprising five applicators arranged in two rows, more or fewer applicators than those described and illustrated are possible. It is furthermore an option to produce applicators having valves so close to those side walls of the applicators which are parallel to the direction of movement, that the need for applicators in more than one row is eliminated. In the same manner with which a printer for a computer comprises a complete product even though it requires connection to a computer and use of appropriate software (drivers) to function, the present traffic printer according to the present invention is an independent product even though it requires connection to a computer and accompanying software to function in an optimal manner. 
         [0020]      FIGS. 1A-C  shows an applicator  11  according to the present disclosure, comprising a number of openings  12  in the bottom wall  13 , said openings being arranged to receive and hold tightly, e.g. by a threaded connection in the depicted drawings, valves  14  which can be opened and closed by valve lifters  18  via valve stems  19 . The valve stems  19  extend through openings  20  in the applicator top cover  21 , and are supported in the openings  20  by packer-free bushings  22  typically made of metal but which may also be made of ceramics or other appropriate durable or wear resistant synthetic materials. 
         [0021]    The applicator  11  has in a known manner channels arranged to circulate hot oil to ensure an even and controllable viscosity of the mass to be deposited and to prevent it from setting in the applicator or its openings and valves. 
         [0022]    The valve  14  as such comprises an outer valve sleeve  15  which has at least one through opening  16  forming a flow passage from the outside to the inside of the valve sleeve  15 . The inner surface of the valve sleeve is smooth and precisely adapted to the outer surface of a valve plug  17  which is slidably arranged in the valve sleeve  15 , attached to the valve stem  19  and movable upwards and downwards within limits determined by the valve sleeve, by means of valve plunger  18  attached to the upper end of the valve stem  19  or separably from the latter. The valve sleeve  15  typically has an inner cylinder surface but can also have en inner surface of another shape. In terms of manufacture cylindrical shape is typically the simplest shape and in such a case the valve plug  17  has similar cylindrical piston shape. The valve stem  19  is preferably split in a joint  23  which is adapted to accommodate for tolerance variations with regard to the positioning of the holes  20  in the applicator top cover  21  in relation to the openings  12  in the applicator bottom wall  13 . The valve sleeve  15  is adapted to be sealingly and tightly attached in the lower opening  12 , preferably by threaded connection. 
         [0023]    Each valve stem  19  is attached to a valve lifter  18  which can reciprocate the valve stem  19  up and down respectively by a power impulse which may be hydraulic, pneumatic or in the form of an electromechanically controlled impulse. 
         [0024]    According to a preferred embodiment the applicator has two rows of openings  12 , provided with valves  14 , extending across the width of the applicator. According to a further embodiment the applicator has at least three rows of openings  12  and valves  14  respectively. A person skilled in the art readily understands that the higher the number of rows of valves, the denser the pixels may be arranged so that finer details can be achieved in the printout, provided the valve size is reduced in a manner corresponding to the increase in number. 
         [0025]    It is preferred to have at least five openings  12  and valves  14  respectively in each row, more preferred at least eight and most preferred at least ten. 
         [0026]      FIG. 1B  shows the top cover  21  with openings  20  and bushings  22 , the bushings functioning as packer-free sealings around the valve stems  19 . Alternatively the valve stems  19  through the openings  20  in the top cover  21  can be provided with glands. 
         [0027]      FIG. 1C  shows an enlarged section of two valves  14  from  FIG. 1A , the left of which being in a closed position while the right of which being in an open position, the valve plug ( 17 ) being lifted to an extent an open passage is formed through the opening  16  from the outside of the valve sleeve  15  to its inside. The viscous mass  31  is then allowed to flow through the valve as indicated by arrows on the right drawing indicates. 
         [0028]    To ensure flexibility of the system, the power generating unit transmitting power impulses must be arranged to be controlled by a computer processor which can have any outer shape, for instance being a portable PC. 
         [0029]      FIG. 2  shows an enlarged section of a valve  14 , valve stem  19  and valve lifter  18  from  FIGS. 1A-1C . Joints  23  and  23 ′ are shown also, below and above the applicator top cover  21 . The valve stem  19  is not necessarily bendable in said joints, but the joints introduce a certain slack that can compensate for possible tolerance variations in the localization of the holes  12  in the bottom wall  13  compared to the holes  20  in the top cover  21 . The joints  23  and  23 ′ may alternatively be real, bendable joints which may be oriented with a mutual angular orientation of 90 degrees to most adequately compensate for variations in an arbitrary direction. 
         [0030]      FIG. 3  shows an assembly  37  in the form of a carriage  38  having a width corresponding to the widest area in which printing of letters or other symbols is desired. The depicted assembly  37  (i.e., traffic printer) comprises five applicators  11  arranged in a sideways manner and in order to ensure complete overlap, three are arranged in one row while two are arranged behind those three and laterally biased to cover the lateral interstices between the three applicators in front. In use, the viscous mass is charged to the center applicator  11  through charge chute  33  and is passed on to the other applicators through connecting conduits  34  and recycled to a main container  41  ( FIG. 4A ) through recycle hoses  35 . Each individual applicator  11  of the traffic printer  37  is shown having wheels  36  allowing a vertical position of the individual applicator that is independent of the other ones, determined by the local level of the surface below. This ensures that each applicator can be positioned near the surface even when there are local level variations in the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement for the traffic printer. 
         [0031]      FIG. 4A  shows schematically a traffic printer  37  in use, suspended behind a vehicle  40  which comprises a main container  41  for the viscous mass. The carriage  38  of the traffic printer  37  is held by arms  42  that can be controlled e.g. hydraulically. Supplying and recycling of viscous mass is made through flexible hoses  43 . 
         [0032]    In the practice use of traffic printer  37 , the controlling of the opening and closing of valves of each applicator is performed a computer program to which the user inputs information of the signs or symbols to be printed. “Printing” on a road or like surface by the traffic printer via moving vehicle is mimicked on a smaller scale by printing on a piece of paper moving past a printer head. In the same manner that the printing software controls flow of ink to printer nozzles over the paper, with dependence on the speed with which the paper moves past the printer head the speed at which the valves are opened and closed must be controlled in dependence on the velocity with which the vehicle with the traffic printer according to the present invention moves. It is not certain that the velocity will be constant in the “printout period” and the computer system therefore uses real time information of the actual speed or other movement or positioning. The mechanism for systems for controlling speed, movement and positioning is not described in further detail. 
         [0033]    A particular feature that the controlling software must account for, in a case as shown in  FIG. 3 , is the fact that the applicators are typically arranged in two rows and that “printout” from the applicators in the back row must be delayed in dependence of speed to be correctly deposited in relation to “pixels” deposited from the applicators in the front row. In practice the controlling software can operate with exact positioning at any given time rather than corresponding time and speed. 
         [0034]    Correspondingly the software can account for mutual delay between valves arranged in different rows across the direction of movement between valves in different rows within one and the same applicator, when the applicators  11  have two (as shown) or more rows of valves  14 . 
         [0035]    It should be emphasized that the controlling of the applicator valves can be obtained in many different ways and is as such not limiting. The controlling software can be implemented in many different ways. A preferred variant involves use of bitmap files in which the desired signs, symbols and patterns are coded in, divided in pixels. In addition a printer driver translating such bitmap files to instructions that can be interpreted by the traffic printer is needed, hereunder included the particular delays related to different positions in the direction of movement. The encoding of the software is not described in detail. 
         [0036]    As shown and described, the valves for opening and closing is packer-free and thereby have a more consistent behavior than prior art valves while exhibiting lower friction, thereby allowing rapid opening and closing without use of conventional hydraulic equipment for controlling and closing. Use of valves being equipped with packers would imply larger degree of friction variation from valve to valve and over time, so that the different valves would show a different response on a controlling signal. This would lead to a less even result with respect to mass applied. Valves having a low friction during opening and closing also can be controlled with less force, such as e.g. use of rapid air cylinders or small electric actuators rather than slower, but stronger, oil based hydraulic cylinders. 
         [0037]    Good results over a long period of time often depend upon maintaining clean equipment, especially ensuring that the area around the valve openings  12  does not become clogged by more or less set mass remaining from earlier applications. It is thus important to have reliable procedures for cleaning the valves. For existing, simpler applicators the cleaning has been done manually or immediately before use discharging fresh, hot mass that dissolves and tear away any set mass from earlier applications. The drawback is that these procedures contaminate the equipment and require loss of mass. 
         [0038]    With reference to  FIG. 4B , an inventive method of cleaning is disclosed. As shown, the carriage  38  of the traffic printer  37  is hinged so that it can be pivoted about a horizontal axis to an inverted position. Keeping the applicator in the depicted inverted position and having pumped (completely or partly) the viscous mass back to the main container  41  for such mass on the vehicle  40 , a sub-pressure can be set up in the applicators by means of a pump (not shown), and while such sub-pressure connected, the valves of each applicator may be opened and closed quickly, preferably in sequence, so that only one or a few is open at a time. Any partly set mass at the valve orifice then will be sucked into the applicator and mixed with hot, fresh mass making the partly set mass to again become flowable. When the applicators are inverted as depicted, it is also advantageous to perform a visual inspection of the valve orifices and if required manually remove any remains left behind.