Abstract:
Consistent with an example embodiment, there is a semiconductor device, with an active device having a front-side surface and a backside surface; the semiconductor device of an overall thickness, comprises an active device with circuitry defined on the front-side surface, the front-side surface having an area. The back-side of the active device has recesses f a partial depth of the active device thickness and a width of about the partial depth, the recesses surrounding the active device at vertical edges. There is a protective layer of a thickness on to the backside surface of the active device, the protective material having an area greater than the first area and having a stand-off distance. The vertical edges have the protective layer filling the recesses flush with the vertical edges. A stand-off distance of the protective material is a function of the semiconductor device thickness and the tangent of an angle (θ) of tooling impact upon a vertical face the semiconductor device.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/816,609, filed Apr. 26, 2013, and U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/727,204, filed Nov. 16, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0002]    The embodiments of the present invention relate to semiconductor device packaging and, more particularly, to WLCSP packaging having modifications that protect the semiconductor die from handling damage so as to enhance the manufacturability and quality of products. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    The electronics industry continues to rely upon advances in semiconductor technology to realize higher-function devices in more compact areas. For many applications realizing higher-functioning devices requires integrating a large number of electronic devices into a single silicon wafer. As the number of electronic devices per given area of the silicon wafer increases, the manufacturing process becomes more difficult. 
         [0004]    The packaging of an IC device is increasingly playing a role in its ultimate performance. For example, in mobile devices (i.e., mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, remote controls, etc), WLCSP components are used in their assembly. WLCSP components save valuable space in the mobile device. After assembly, in some example processes, customers encapsulate these WLCSP devices by injection molding or casing. This manual post-processing of the bare WLCSP may result in device damage; generally, handling of the WLCSP devices should be minimized. 
         [0005]    There is a need for a WLCSP assembly process which can address the challenges raised by the needs of mobile applications. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    The present disclosure has been found useful in the packaging of semiconductor devices which find their way into portable electronic devices. In particular, WLCSP products which are furnished as unpackaged die to manufacturers of mobile devices, who in turn encapsulate these devices directly onto a printed circuit board (in an effort to conserve valuable space in the mobile device) may subject these unpackaged die to rough handling. The handling may result in cracking or other latent damage which may not show up until the mobile device reaches the end user. Consequently, the customer may prefer to have the WLCSP product surrounded by non-brittle material, which prevents damage to the die itself, before receiving the product for assembly in to his mobile device. 
         [0007]    The user applies a protective material on the back-side of a wafer having device die. The active device die are separated by sawing. Through processing the unpackaged die are protected on their backside surfaces with a protective material which absorbs the shocks of manual handling during assembly of the mobile device. The process can also be used for chip-scale packaging (CSP) with or without solder balls. 
         [0008]    In an example embodiment, there is a method for assembling a wafer level chip scale processed (WLCSP) wafer, the wafer having a front-side surface and a back-side surface, a plurality of device die having electrical contacts on the front-side surface. The method comprises back-grinding, to a thickness, the back-side surface the wafer. A protective layer of a thickness is applied onto the back-side surface of the wafer. The wafer is mounted onto a sawing foil onto the back-side surface having the protective layer. The wafer is sawed in saw lanes of the plurality of device die on the front-side surface, the sawing occurring with a blade of a first kerf and to a first depth of the background wafer thickness; again, the wafer is sawed along the saw lanes of the plurality of device die, the sawing occurring with a blade of a second kerf, the second kerf narrower than the first kerf, and sawing to a depth of the thickness of the protective layer. The plurality of device die are separated into individual device die. Each individual device die has a protective layer on the back-side, the protective layer having a stand-off distance from a vertical edge of the individual device die. 
         [0009]    In another example embodiment, a semiconductor device, having a front-side surface and an back-side surface, the semiconductor device of a thickness, the semiconductor device comprises an active device of an area defined on the front-side surface, the front-side surface having a first area. A protective material is on to the backside surface of the semiconductor device, the protective material having an area greater than first area. A stand-off distance of the combination of the protective material and of laminating film is a function of the semiconductor device thickness and the tangent of an angle of tooling impact upon a vertical side surface the semiconductor device. A feature of this embodiment includes a laminating material of the same area as that of the protective material; the laminating material is sandwiched between the back-side surface and an underside surface of the protective material. 
         [0010]    In an example embodiment, there is a method for assembling a wafer level chip scale processed (WLCSP) wafer, the wafer having a front-side surface and a back-side surface, a plurality of device die having electrical contacts on the front-side surface. The method comprises, mounting the wafer onto a grinding foil; back-grinding, to a thickness, the back-side surface the wafer, performing a half-cut sawing on the back-side surface of the wafer in areas corresponding to saw lanes of the plurality of device die, forming slots surrounding each one of the plurality of device die, the slots having a width of the half-cut blade kerf and a depth of about 50% of the thickness of the back-ground wafer. A protective layer of a thickness is molded onto the back-side of wafer, the protective layer filling in the slots and covering the back-side surface. The WLCSP wafer is mounted on its back-side surface, onto a sawing foil. The method further comprises, sawing the WLCSP wafer on the front-side surface in saw lanes of the plurality of device die, the sawing occurring with a blade of a first kerf and to at least a first depth of the back-ground wafer, the first kerf less than that of the half-cut blade kerf; and again sawing the WLCSP on the front-side surface in the saw lanes of the plurality of device die, the sawing occurring with a blade of a second kerf, the second kerf narrower than the first kerf, and sawing to a depth of at least the thickness of the protective layer. The plurality of device die are separated into individual device die. Each individual device die has a protective layer on the back-side, the vertical edges having recesses formed from the slots, the protective layer filling the recesses flush with the vertical edges and the protective layer has a stand-off distance from vertical edges of the individual device die. 
         [0011]    In another example embodiment, a method for assembling a wafer level chip scale processed (WLCSP) wafer, the wafer having a front-side surface and a back-side surface, a plurality of device die having electrical contacts on the front-side surface, comprises, mounting the wafer onto a grinding foil, back-grinding, to a thickness, the back-side surface the wafer. The method further comprises, performing a half-cut sawing on the back-side surface of the wafer in areas corresponding to saw lanes of the plurality of device die, forming slots surrounding each one of the plurality of device die, the slots having a width of the half-cut blade kerf and a depth of about 50% of the thickness of the back-ground wafer. A protective layer of a thickness is molded onto the back-side surface of wafer, the protective layer filling in the slots and covering the back-side surface. The WLCSP wafer is mounted on its back-side surface, onto a sawing foil. The WLCSP wafer is sawed on the front-side surface in saw lanes of the plurality of device die, the sawing occurring with a blade of a first kerf and to at least a total thickness of the back-ground wafer and thickness of the protective layer, the first kerf less than that of the half-cut blade kerf. Stretching the sawing foil and separating the plurality of device die yield individual device die. Each individual device die has a protective layer on the back-side, the vertical edges having recesses formed from the slots, the protective layer filling the recesses flush with the vertical edges and the protective layer is about flush with the vertical edges of the individual device die. 
         [0012]    In an example embodiment, there is a method for assembling a wafer level chip scale processed (WLCSP) wafer, the wafer having a front-side surface and a back-side surface, a plurality of device die having electrical contacts on the front-side surface, the method comprises mounting the wafer onto a grinding foil. The back-side surface the wafer undergoes back-grinding to a thickness. Onto a first-side surface, the wafer is mounted onto a sawing foil. Through a second-side surface, the wafer is sawed through to a depth of the back-ground thickness of the wafer, in areas corresponding to saw lanes of the plurality of device die; the second-side surface is opposite the first-side surface. So as to space apart device die, the sawing foil is stretched. The wafer, onto its front-side surface, is re-mounted onto molding foil; the sawing foil is removed. The device die are enveloped in molding compound on the back-side surfaces and vertical faces of the spaced-apart device die, the molding compound of a thickness on the back-side surface and another thickness on the vertical faces. The molding foil is removed and the molded WLCSP wafer re-mounted on its back-side surface, onto a sawing foil. The molded WLCSP wafer is sawed on the front-side surface in saw lanes of the plurality of device die so as to separate the molded wafer into individual device die having protective molding thereon. 
         [0013]    In another example embodiment, a method for assembling a wafer level chip scale processed (WLCSP) wafer, the wafer having a front-side surface and a back-side surface, a plurality of device die, having electrical contacts, on the front-side surface, comprises, mounting the wafer onto a grinding foil; back-grinding, to a thickness, the back-side surface the wafer. The method further comprises, mounting the wafer onto a sawing foil on the back-side surface. sawing the WLCSP wafer in saw lanes of the plurality of device die on the front-side surface, the sawing occurring with a blade of a first kerf and to a first depth of about 50% the back-ground wafer thickness, and again sawing the WLCSP along the saw lanes of the plurality of device die, the sawing occurring with a blade of a second kerf, the second kerf narrower than the first kerf, and sawing to a depth of about 90% to about 95% thickness of the back-ground wafer thickness. After sawing, the sawing foil is stretched so as to cleave apart the wafer and space apart device die, now having expanded saw lanes, resulting in vertical faces having overhangs thereon. On its front-side, the wafer is re-mounted onto molding foil and removing the sawing foil. With a molding compound, the device die are enveloped in the molding compound on the back-side surfaces and vertical faces of the spaced-apart device die, the molding compound of a thickness on the back-side surface and another thickness on the vertical faces, the overhangs providing enhanced anchoring of the molding compound. The molding foil is removed and the molded WLCSP wafer is re-mounted, on its backside, onto a sawing foil. In the expanded saw lanes, of the plurality of device die, on the front-side surface, the molded WLCSP is sawed so as to separate the molded wafer into individual device die having protective molding thereon. 
         [0014]    In an example embodiment, there is a semiconductor device, with an active device having a front-side surface and a backside surface, the semiconductor device of an overall thickness. The semiconductor device comprises an active device with circuitry defined on the front-side surface, the front-side surface having an area; wherein in the back-side of the active device has recesses of a partial depth of the active device thickness and a width of about the partial depth, the recesses surrounding the active device at vertical edges. There is a protective layer of a thickness on to the backside surface of the active device, the protective material having an area greater than the first area and having a stand-off distance; wherein, the vertical edges have the protective layer filling the recesses flush with the vertical edges; and wherein a stand-off distance of the protective material is a function of the semiconductor device thickness and the tangent of an angle of tooling impact upon a vertical face the semiconductor device. 
         [0015]    The above summaries of are not intended to represent each disclosed embodiment, or every aspect, of the present disclosure. Other aspects and example embodiments are provided in the figures and the detailed description that follow. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0016]    The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0017]      FIG. 1  illustrates the degree of stand-off of protective material with respect to angle of handling tool impact; 
           [0018]      FIGS. 2A-2C  illustrate an example device with protective material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0019]      FIG. 2A  illustrates the handling of the example device; 
           [0020]      FIG. 2B  illustrates the placement of the example device onto a printed circuit board; 
           [0021]      FIG. 2C  illustrates the soldering of the example device, having an option under-fill, onto the printed circuit board; 
           [0022]      FIG. 3  is a flow diagram of an assembly process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0023]      FIGS. 4A-4G  illustrate in cross-section of example WLCSP device assembled by the process of  FIG. 3 ; 
           [0024]      FIG. 5  is a flow diagram of an assembly process according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0025]      FIGS. 6A-6G  illustrate in cross-section an example embodiment assembled by the process of  FIG. 5 ; 
           [0026]      FIG. 7  is a flow diagram of an assembly process according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; 
           [0027]      FIGS. 8A-8E  illustrate in cross-section an example embodiment assembled by the process of  FIG. 7 ; 
           [0028]      FIG. 9  is a flow diagram of an assembly process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the process has additional optional steps for a “step cut;” 
           [0029]      FIGS. 10A-10H  illustrate an example embodiment assembled by the process of  FIG. 9  with optional steps; 
           [0030]      FIGS. 11A-11H  illustrate an example embodiment assembled by the process of  FIG. 9  without a “step cut;” 
           [0031]      FIG. 12A  is completed device according to the process  FIG. 9  without a “step cut;” and 
           [0032]      FIG. 12B  is a completed device according to the process of  FIG. 9  with a “step cut.” 
       
    
    
       [0033]    While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0034]    The disclosed embodiments have been found useful in preventing damage to the Wafer Level Chip-Scale Product (WLCSP) devices during their assembly. The process provides mechanical protection to the silicon device by mounting the device onto a protective material larger than the device die dimensions; the protective material forms a boundary on the device underside that keeps assembly tooling from directly contacting the silicon device, thus avoiding chipping and other damage. Such a process may be integrated into the customary back-end assembly. 
         [0035]    Refer to  FIG. 1 . In an example embodiment, an assembly  100  includes an silicon device  110  of a thickness T 1 . A protection angle α and a silicon thickness T 1  define the stand-off distance T 3  of the protection material. For example, to protect a device die of thickness, T 1 =150 μm, against an impact by a tool  5  with a 20 degree impact angle, a stand-off of about  55   i um is appropriate. Generalized, the stand-off distance is: 
         [0000]        T   3 =tan α T   1   (1)
 
         [0036]    The total thickness, T 4  of the protective material  120  and glue  115  is determined by materials used. The amount of standoff would be achieved by the differences between the “thick” blade and “thin” blade. For example, a pre-grinding thickness, T 0  of an eight-inch wafer (20.32 cm) is about 725 μm, for a six-inch wafer (15.24 cm). Note that this technique may be applied to wafer substrates of any size and may be useful for twelve-inch (30.48 cm) substrates. Further, devices using balls, bumps, pads, etc. benefit from the protective material. For the purposes of discussion, however, the examples that follow may use solder bumps. However, the techniques described are not limited to solder bumps. In an example process, a WLCSP is ground to a thickness of about 400 μm with a solder bump height of about 200 μm. It is desirable to achieve a minimum wafer thickness, T 1 ; however, it may be limited by the technical ability to thin down wafers with 200 μm bumps. Thickness, T 1  in an example process may be in the range of about 150 μm to about 250 μm. Alternatively, over-molding of the thin wafer can be before the solder bump application step. In that case the silicon wafer can be thinned down to silicon-thickness below 50 μm. T 2  is the total thickness of the protective material  120 , T 4 , glue  115 , if any used, and silicon thickness T 1 . Further, in some example processes, the thickness (T 4 ) of the protection layer is at least 100 μm. The protective material  120  laminated with glue  115 , to the backside of the silicon  110  may be plastic or metal. The plastic material may be made of, but not necessarily limited to, KAPTON®, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), molding compound, etc. KAPTON is the brand name of the polyimide film (i.e., poly-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide) manufactured by the E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. The protective material  120  and glue  115  used for the lamination must withstand a temperature range of about 200° C. to 300° C. usually encountered in the reflow process for WLCSP device assembly. : Other flexible protective materials may include, but not necessarily limited to, polytetra-fluoroethylene. Some molding compounds, may include, but not necessarily limited to, those manufactured by Sumitomo (e.g.: x84194) and Hitachi (e.g.: cel 400 ZHF 40 53 C), etc. 
         [0037]    In an example embodiment, an assembled WLCSP device may have a total thickness in the range of about 360 μm to about 400 μm (excluding solder bumps). The thicker the laminating material, the greater the side-wall protection of the silicon device die. If the silicon die thickness can be reduced to about 30 μm to about 50 μm, the laminating material would be about 350 μm to about 370 μm (at a 400 μm thickness, if the glue is included). The thickness reduction of the silicon is governed by the capability of the back-grinding process and the ability to handle the “Si-protection layer sawing” in the solder bumping flow. 
         [0038]    Refer to  FIG. 2A . In another example embodiment, the WLCSP structure  220  may be, as thin as about 50 μm (T i ) and a recess stand-off (T 3 ) of about 10μ with an angle α of about 10°. A thick protection layer  230  (T 4′  of &gt;150 μm) applied to the wafer backside  210  provides ample protection against mechanical damage owing to tools, tweezers, vacuum wands, etc. Refer to  FIGS. 2B-2C . The protected device structure  220  is mounted to a surface  250  of an example printed circuit substrate  260 . Tooling  7  to mount the device structure  220  onto the printed circuit substrate  260  no longer can damage the device structure  220 . Through an optional solder under-fill  280 , the device structure  270  is well-protected. 
         [0039]    Refer to  FIGS. 4A-4B . A silicon substrate  400  has an initial thickness T 0 . Active devices  420  sit on a top surface of a substrate  410 . The substrate  410  is back-ground to a thinner thickness T f . In an example embodiment, the T f  is about 100 μm. Dashed lines  415  show the amount of substrate material ground off. Regions  435  of electrical contacts will receive solder bumps or other electrical contact types. Refer to  FIGS. 4C-4D . A protective coating of  430  may be applied through lamination of  FIG. 2  or may be over-molded onto the thinned backside  410 . Solder bumps  440  are defined in the electrical contacts  435 . 
         [0040]    The protective layer may be applied by over-molding of the thinned wafer. In case of a stiff material as protective layer e.g. a metal shield, a bonding processes using an adhesive can be used. More flexible protective layers e.g. KAPTON foils can be laminated to the Silicon wafers using a pre-applied adhesive on the foil or alternatively an adhesive on the Si-wafer. The metal shield may be stainless steel, copper, silver, gold, or other alloys, but not necessarily limited to these; the choice of metal is governed by cost constraints and process parameters. 
         [0041]    Refer to  FIG. 3 . In an example embodiment according to the present disclosure, a WLCSP wafer is mounted (front-side down) on a grinding foil  310 . The WLCSP wafer is thinned down by back-grinding  315 . A mechanical protection layer of a thickness is applied to the back-side of the thinned wafer  320 . On the front-side of the wafer, solder bumps are attached to active device pads  325 . The prepared wafer is mounted on sawing foiled on the now-protected back-side  330 . With a saw blade of first kerf (e.g., a “thick blade”), the wafer is sawed through the front-side to a depth of the thinned wafer  335 . With a saw blade of the second kerf (e.g., a “thin blade”), the wafer is further sawed to the depth of the mechanical protection layer  340 . The product devices are separated (e.g., “singulated”)  345 . The product device die are removed from the sawing tape and placed in trays or mounted onto carrier tape  350 . As, required, additional electrical testing may be performed; devices are packed and shipped to the end user  355 . 
         [0042]    Refer to  FIGS. 4A-45D . A wafer substrate  410 , having an initial thickness T 0 , has been thinned by back-grinding  415 . A mechanical protection layer  430  has been applied thereon. The front-side of the wafer substrate  410  has active devices  420 . Device pads  435  have solder balls  440  attached on them. 
         [0043]    Refer to  FIGS. 4E to 4G . The wafer assembly  470 , having had the protective coating  430  applied, is attached to a sawing film  445 . A first saw blade  10  of a given “kerf” (e.g., 50 μm) slices through between each active device  425  to a depth of the thinned out silicon substrate T f . A second saw blade  15  of a narrower kerf (e.g., 30 μm) than that of the first saw blade  10  slices through the depth of the protective layer  430  to the top surface of the sawing film  445 . The wafer assembly  470  now consists of separate device die  480 . The separate device die  480  are removed from the sawing tape  445  for subsequent processing. Depending upon degree of stand-off required, the second blade may be adjusted higher or lower. Width of the first “kerf” can be increased by increasing the width of the saw lane (i.e., the distance between adjacent ICs on the wafer). Blades for conventional sawing are available for thicknesses greater the 300 μm; alternatively other etching processes can be used which are unlimited in terms of width. For the second “kerf,” also alternative techniques can be used such as e.g. ablative laser which results in a kerf width of less than 15 μm. 
         [0044]    Refer to  FIG. 5 . In an example process according to the present disclosure, a WLCSP wafer is mounted onto a grinding foil  510 . The WLCSP wafer is thinned with back-grinding  515 . In the areas corresponding to saw lanes between individual device die, the back-side of the wafer is partially sawed (with a “thick” blade, of a first kerf) to a depth of about 50% of the thinned wafer thickness  520 . A mechanical protection layer is applied to the back-side of the wafer  525 ; the saw lanes cut are filled in with the mechanical protection layer, as well. The correct positions of the saw lanes between individual devices may be ascertained through modern imaging techniques. For example, an infrared (IR) camera may be used in that silcon substrates are transparent to short-wave infrared light and thus, the features therein may be observed. The prepared wafer is mounted on its protected back-side surface onto a sawing foil  530 . Solder bumps are attached to device bond pads on the front-side of the wafer  535 . On the front-side of the wafer, the wafer is sawed  545  with a “thin” blade of a second kerf in the corresponding saw locations of the partial sawing  540 ; the depth of the second sawing  545  is that of the thinned wafer. Product devices are separated (i.e., “singulated”)  550 . Product is removed from the sawing tape  555  and put into appropriate trays or on carrier tape. If desired by the end-user, additional product testing may be done prior to packing and shipping  560 . 
         [0045]    Refer to  FIGS. 6A to 6B . In another example embodiment, a silicon wafer  610  having active device features  620 , is partly cut from the backside prior to the attachment of the protective layer  630  along the saw lanes to a certain depth T half cut” . The “half-cut”  45  can be achieved by conventional blade dicing and any other appropriate techniques such as etching or ablative laser technologies. Further processing, according to the process similar to those discussed with  FIGS. 4E-4G , is shown in  FIGS. 6C-6F . In an example process, with the wafer placed on a sawing foil  645 , the solder bumps  640  are attached to the contact areas  635  of the active device features  620 . With a thick kerf saw blade  65  (a first blade), the wafer is sawn to at least a depth of the wafer thickness and half-cut  55  thickness; a production process would want to assure that the thin kerf blade cuts greater than the wafer thickness less than half-cut  55  thickness so as not to leave exposed side faces of silicon. Refer to  FIGS. 6E-6F . With a thin kerf saw blade  75  (a subsequent or second blade), the cut is continued to the depth of the mechanical protective layer  630  until the sawing foil  645  is reached. After the subsequent sawing, the devices are separated into individual devices  610 . 
         [0046]    Refer to  FIG. 6G . Note that the vertical faces of the silicon  615  are protected by a half-cut region  655  of protective layer  635 ; further this half-cut region  655  has additional over-hang  665  of protective layer  635 . The area of the unprotected silicon side faces is further reduced. 
         [0047]    As was illustrated in  FIG. 1 ,  FIG. 6G  further depicts (the corresponding features) of device thickness T 10 , The sum of the device thickness, T 10  and protective layer thickness T 40 , results in an overall molded device thickness, T 20 . A standoff angle θ is defined by a standoff distance T 30 . The sidewall thickness of the device die is the difference between the device die thickness, T 10  and the depth of the “half-cut,” T Half-Cut . 
         [0048]    Refer to  FIG. 7 . In another example embodiment according to the disclosure, a WLCSP is mounted onto a grinding foil  710 . The WLCSP wafer is thinned on its back-side by back grinding  715 . The wafer is partially sawed with a “thick” blade on the back-side to a depth of about 50% of the thinned wafer. A back-side protective coating is applied so as to fill the saw lanes  725 . The coated wafer is mounted on the coated side onto a sawing tape  730 . On the front-side of the wafer, solder bumps are attached to device bond pads  735 . With a “thin” blade from the front-side of the wafer, the wafer is sawed in the corresponding locations of the partial sawing  740 ; the depth of the sawing is the thinned wafer thickness plus the protective coating thickness. Product devices are separated  745 . As per end user, the device may undergo further electrical test prior to packing and shipping  750 . 
         [0049]    Refer to  FIGS. 8A-8E . Background wafer substrate  810  having active device die  810  undergoes a partial sawing  45  (with a blade having a first kerf) on its back-side surface. A molding compound  830  is applied and flows into the partial saw cuts  45 . On the front-side surface at device die pads, balls  840  are attached. The wafer substrate is mounted on a sawing tape  845 . From the front-side of wafer substrate  810 , a second sawing  65  is done with a narrower kerf blade than that used for the first partial sawing  45 . After sawing, the wafer is separated in to individual devices as shown in  FIG. 8E . The back-side of the device die  815  is protected by molding compound  835 . 
         [0050]    In an example process, depending upon the end user requirements, the wafer substrate may either undergo a single cut prior to applying the protective molding compound or a step-cut process which results in a step profile on the silicon edges of the device die. 
         [0051]    Table 1 depicts some parameters for an example embodiment of a process. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Example Process Parameters 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 Standoff 
                 Stand-off 
                   
                   
                 Saw 
                 Saw 
               
               
                   
                 Vertical 
                 Distance 
                 Angle 
                 Thinned 
                 Die Size 
                 Blade 
                 Blade 
               
               
                 Molding 
                 Thickness 
                 (T 3 ) 
                 Range 
                 Silicon 
                 Range 
                 Kerf 
                 Kerf 
               
               
                 Material 
                 T 4  Range 
                 Range 
                 (Degrees) 
                 Thickness 
                 (μm) 
                 (Narrow) 
                 (Wide) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 EMC 
                 50 to 500 μm 
                 0 to 200 μm 
                 0-10 deg 
                 50-400 μm 
                 Any size 
                 30-50 μm 
                 100-400 μm 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0052]    Refer to  FIG. 9 . In an example process, a wafer substrate is mounted, on its front-side surface, onto grinding foil  910 . The wafer is thinned by back-grinding  920 . On its back-side surface, the thinned wafer is mounted onto sawing/dicing foil  930 . The wafer substrate is sawed through the front-side surface at the device boundaries (i.e., the saw lanes) to the depth of the thinned wafer  940 . The sawing/dicing foil is stretched to widen the space between device die  960 . The stretched wafer is remounted onto its front-side surface (active die surface) on a molding foil and the sawing/dicing foil is removed  970 . The device die having been stretched apart, are embedded into molding compound  975 . The molding compound surrounds the back-side surface and vertical faces of the device die. The molding foil is removed  980 . Solder balls or bumps may be attached to active devices  980 . The molded wafer is mounted onto a sawing/dicing foil  985 . The now-protected devices are sawed apart and separated  990 . 
         [0053]    In a variation to the example embodiment, the wafer may be cut to a depth of about 90% to about 99% of the depth of the thinned wafer  950 . In an example process the depth may be in the range of about 90% to about 95% of the depth of the thinned wafer. When the device die are stretched apart, the device die will cleave apart in the saw lanes, resulting in vertical faces having a slight projection at the back-side surface. The projection provides enhanced anchoring of the molding compound surrounding the device die. 
         [0054]    In another variation to the example embodiment discussed with reference to  FIG. 9 , after the mounting of the thinned wafer on the sawing/dicing foil  920 , the wafer may undergo a “step-cut” sawing process  925 . The thinned wafer is mounted onto dicing/sawing foil on the back-side surface  935 . A “wide” kerf saw is done through the saw lanes of the front-side of the wafer to about 50% of the thinned wafer substrate thickness  945 . A “narrow” kerf saw through the rest of the wafer in the center region of the first cuts is done to a depth of about 90% to about 95% depth of the thinned wafer substrate  955 . When the sawing/dicing foil is stretched  960 , the remaining un-cut saw lanes cleave apart as the space between device die is widened. The process continues as discussed supra. 
         [0055]    Refer to  FIGS. 10A-10H . In cross-sectional views a wafer substrate is assembled according to the process of  FIG. 9 . In an assembly ( FIG. 10A ) apparatus  1000 , a thinned wafer substrate  1010  having active devices on the front-side  1020  is attached to sawing/dicing foil  1030 . A single cut ( FIG. 10B ) with a blade  85  of a predetermined kerf is made at the depth of the thinned wafer substrate  1010 ; a space about the width of the blade kerf is made. This space is widened ( FIG. 10C ) by about  3  times by stretching the sawing/dicing foil  1030 . The stretched assembly apparatus  1000  is remounted ( FIG. 10D ) with the device die front-sides facing down onto temperature-resistant foil  1040 . After the remounting ( FIG. 10E ), molding compound is flowed onto the stretched assembly apparatus  1000 , encapsulating each of the device die  1010  with a molding of a thickness T 4 . The temperature-resistant foil  1040  is removed and solder bumps  1025  are attached to die pad locations on the active devices  1020 . A sawing/dicing foil  1060  is attached to the molded side of the encapsulated, stretched assembly  1000 . A second blade of a kerf  95  cuts through the molding of the thickness T 4 , so that individual device die  1010  can be separated. 
         [0056]    Refer to  FIGS. 11A-11H . In an example embodiment, an assembly  1100  having a thinned wafer ( FIG. 11A ) substrate  1110  with a front side having active devices  1120  is mounted onto a sawing/dicing tape  1130 . With a blade of a wide kerf  95   b  the wafer substrate  1110  is sawed with a first cut (to a depth of about 50% of the wafer thickness) in the saw lanes surrounding active device die boundaries. With a blade of a narrow kerf  95   a,  a second cut continues the first cut to a depth of about 90% to about 95% of the wafer thickness ( FIG. 11B ). The sawing/dicing tape  1130  is stretched and the device die, as shown by  1110  and  1110   a  cleave apart ( FIG. 11C ). The cleaved apart die  1110  and  1110   a  are remounted onto temperature resistant foil  1140  for subsequent molding. Note the profiles  97   a,    97   b,  and  97   c  on the vertical faces of the device die  1110  and  1110   a.  Molding compound  1150  is flowed to encapsulate the device die  1110 ,  1110   a  ( FIG. 11E ). Refer to  FIGS. 11F-11H . The temperature resistant foil  1140  is removed. Solder balls, solder bumps or their equivalents  1125 ,  1125   a  are applied to active device pads to provide electrical connection to the active devices  1120 ,  1120   a.  On the molded side of the assembly  1100 , the sawing/dicing tape  1160  is applied. The molded device die  1110 ,  1110   a  are separated by sawing with a blade of an appropriate kerf  98 . 
         [0057]    Refer to  FIGS. 12A and 12B . Finished  1200   a  and  1200   b  are depicted, device die  1210   a,    1210   b  having a thickness T 1  are encapsulated by molding compound  1250   a ,  1250   b,  of thickness T 3 and T   4 . The device die  1210   a,    1210   b  are enveloped by molding compound on the backsides and vertical faces. The fragile edges of the device die are protected from subsequent handling by the molding compound. The molding compound  1250   b  has additional mechanical anchoring owing to having flowed under the “broken” silicon edge  97   a  and the step cut  97   b.  The thickness T 2  of the molding compound and die will be determined by specific parameters or how much vertical space is available in the downstream system assembly. 
         [0058]    In one aspect of the process of stretching, in an example process, the wafer may be stretched in an apparatus by pushing the wafer frame with the separated wafer over a ring. One example piece of apparatus is limited to expanding a 200 mm wafer to about 235 mm. The additional 35 mm (i.e., 35000 μm) appear as equally-distributed spacings between the die. With a die size of 1×1 mm 2 , the wafer has about 200 spacings in the X and Y directions. The original kerf width on the 200 mm wafer is about 20μ- 25 μm created by the dicing blade. Expansion by 35 mm will increase the kerf spacing by about 175 μm; the final kerf width after expansion is about 195 μm to about 200 μm. 
         [0059]    The embodiments discussed, protect both the backside and vertical faces of the WLCSP device against mechanical impacts from subsequent handling during assembly (i.e., tweezers, pipettes, vacuum wands, etc.). The thickness of the material T 4  and the T 3  standoff distance determine the degree of protection. 
         [0060]    Numerous other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.