Abstract:
A system for scanning objects having a linear array sensor, adapted to detect light input signals, is provided. A lens is optically connected to the linear array sensor, and is adapted to receive and transmit an optical image located in a field of view along a lens axis to the linear array sensor. A light source which generates an illumination stripe in general linear alignment with the lens axis is provided. A cylindrical lens is positioned between the light source and an object to be scanned. The cylindrical lens adapted to collect, transmit and focus light from the light source to form the illumination stripe.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/810,204, filed Mar. 16, 2001, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/190,273, filed Mar. 17, 2000. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND  
         [0002]    The present invention relates generally to optical scanning systems. More particularly, this invention relates to a scanning system containing a camera using a coplanar light source.  
           [0003]    Various optical scanning systems have been developed for reading and decoding coded symbologies, identification of objects, comparison of objects, and measurement of objects. Each of these scanning systems utilizes either a non-coherent or coherent light source. Lighting is one of the key elements in obtaining good image quality. The intensity of light needed for scanning is directly proportional to the transport speed of the scanned object and the speed of the sensor. Generally, the faster an image is to be acquired, the more light is needed. Until now, only high intensity sodium or halogen lighting was adequate to obtain crisp images in cameras that focus over a significant depth of field at high speeds. The light source is usually located off axis from the camera and sensor detecting the light reflected from the object being scanned.  
           [0004]    In applications using sodium lamps as a light source, the lamps are used to provide the illumination required by the camera detection means. These lamps provide an abundance of optical power because they are very bright and have a wide spectral range. There are, however, several disadvantages to sodium lamp light sources. First, due to their extreme brightness, sodium lamps can create an annoyance and possible hazard to workers working in the vicinity of the scanning systems. Second, sodium lights require a large amount of AC power, thus increasing production costs. Third, these light sources create a large amount of heat. Additionally, radio frequency interference can be created which can present operational problems to equipment in the vicinity of the scanning system.  
           [0005]    The use of light sources such as LEDs presents several advantages over sodium and halogen lighting. LED illumination is a more cost effective and ergonomic method of illumination. The problem presented by LED illumination is how to get enough light to the object that is being imaged when focusing over a large depth of field. By eliminating the mounting angle between the light source and the line of sight of the camera lens, the reflected light is managed and a lower intensity light source may be used. Because LEDs can be energized almost instantaneously, they can be de-energized when objects are not being transported within the field of view. This extends the life of the LEDs and also conserves power. Additionally, the power input to individual LEDs may be modulated and pinpointed to a desired area, such that different LEDs within an LED array may be energized at different levels according to the desired application.  
           [0006]    The use of a coherent or non-coherent light source which will provide sufficient optical illumination to an object to be scanned, which uses less energy while alleviating potential problems of radio frequency interference or heat emission is needed.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0007]    Briefly stated, the present invention provides an optical scanning system which uses a light source to provide an illumination stripe that is coplanar to a camera lens and light sensor for barcode reading applications. The light source may be coplanar to the lens axis and light sensor, and preferably is formed from LEDs or other low power consumption illumination sources. The coplanar design provides adequate illumination for a large depth of field at low speeds.  
           [0008]    In another aspect, the invention provides a scanning system in which the light source is shifted relative to the line of sight of the camera such that the illumination stripe remains coplanar with the camera line of sight at the required depth of field. The light stripe profile coming from the array can therefore be narrow. The intensity of light required to illuminate an object over the depth of field is significantly reduced, thus allowing for the use of an LED array or other low power light source.  
           [0009]    In another aspect, the invention provides a plurality of off-axis light sources to provide an illumination stripe on the object generally coplanar with camera line of sight at the required depth of field. Different arrays of lights sources are energized according to the depth of field of the target object, allowing adequate lighting over a range of distances. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0010]    [0010]FIG. 1 is a side view of the coplanar camera in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 2 is a top view of the coplanar camera in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 3 is a front isometric view of the coplanar camera in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 4 is a side isometric view of a second embodiment of the invention with a movable array of light sources used in an off-camera lens axis orientation in accordance with the present invention.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 5 is a side isometric view of a multiple row large depth of field illuminator in accordance with the present invention.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 6 is an end view of a movable light source in accordance with the present invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0016]    The present invention will be described with reference to the drawing figures wherein like numerals represent like elements throughout.  
         [0017]    Referring to FIG. 1, a coplanar camera scanning system  10  in accordance with the present invention is shown. The coplanar camera scanning system  10  preferably includes a light source  11 , a camera lens  12 , a focusing ring  13  for the lens  12 , a linear array sensor  14 , a window  22 , a cylindrical lens  18 , and a voice coil actuator  16 . In the preferred embodiment, the light source  11  is comprised of one or more very high intensity LED arrays, although those skilled in the art will recognize other suitable lighting could be utilized, such as lasers or a laser line generator.  
         [0018]    The light source  11  is used to illuminate a surface of a target object, indicated by broken line  17 . The emitted light illuminates the target object and is reflected back to the coplanar aligned sensor  14 . The coplanar camera scanning system lo is preferably used to read barcode information from the scanned object. The coplanar camera scanning system  10  preferably utilizes a CMOS linear array sensor  14  to detect the light reflected from the object being scanned. In the first preferred embodiment a CMOS-based image sensor is referenced, but as those skilled in the art should know, any image sensor can be used, e.g., a CCD-based image sensor. The light reflected onto the CMOS linear array sensor  14  is generated in the preferred embodiment by very high intensity LEDs  11 . The preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes red LEDs within the array. As the technology regarding light sources advances, brighter, more intense LEDs can be used, including LEDs having different wavelengths. Also low power semiconductor lasers can be utilized.  
         [0019]    The LED array  11  acts as the light source for the coplanar camera scanning system  10 . As shown in FIG. 2, in the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light source  11  is positioned parallel to, and in the same plane as the CMOS linear array sensor  14 . Those skilled in the art should realize that the light source  11  positioned in this manner is on-axis with the CMOS linear array sensor  14 . The light source  11  preferably comprises a plurality of LEDs in series with each other, located on one or more circuit boards  31 . In this embodiment, the coplanar camera utilizes two LED arrays to generate the required amount of light. In this embodiment, the light source  11  is positioned on each side of the camera lens  12 . As should be clear to those skilled in the art, the number of LEDs required for each light source  11  differs based on the size of the conveyor belt and required depth of field. The present invention preferably utilizes  50  LEDs in each of the up to four arrays, totaling  200  LEDs. Alternatively, a desired number of low power semiconductor laser arrays may be mounted on the circuit board  31 .  
         [0020]    The light emitted from the light source  11  is focused to a narrow “stripe” on the object using a cylindrical lens  18 . This cylindrical lens  18  is positioned parallel to and in between the light source  11  and the target object. In the present preferred embodiment a Fresnel lens is used, but as those skilled in the art should realize, any optical lens can be used in this application. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the positioning of the cylindrical lens in relation to the light source  11  provides a narrow “stripe” of light anywhere within the depth of field. When the target object enters this scanning field, the illumination from the light source  11  illuminates the object. Due to the positioning of the sensor  14  relative to the light source  11 , the CMOS linear array sensor  14  detects the most intense light provided by the light source  11 .  
         [0021]    As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the cylindrical lens  18  includes a center slit  20 .  
         [0022]    This center slit  20  permits the light reflected from the target object to return through the cylindrical lens  18  to the camera lens  12  and then projected onto the CMOS linear array sensor  14 .  
         [0023]    In order to maximize the depth of field of the coplanar camera scanning system  10 , the voice coil actuator  16  is coupled to the focusing ring  13  of the imaging lens  12  to dynamically focus the image onto the CMOS linear array sensor  14 , based on a signal from a range finder  24 . Those skilled in the art should recognize that there are many methods and apparatuses that can be used as range finders and for focusing. The signal received from the range finder  24  causes the voice coil actuator  16  to move the camera lens  12  and focus the light reflected from the object onto the linear array sensor  14 .  
         [0024]    Optionally, the invention may include a focusing mechanism  26  for the light source to more accurately focus the emitted light onto a scanned object. This enhances the image which is received by the camera lens  12  and projected onto the CMOS linear array sensor  14 . The focusing mechanism  26  is coupled to the light source  11 , and dynamically moves the position of the lens  18  with respect to the position of the light source  11 . It should be noted that either the focusing mechanism  26  or the light source  11 , or both, may be moved to focus the light. Such movement, of course, depends on the distance of the object from the co-planer camera  10 . This alternative embodiment keeps the intensity of the illumination stripe maximized at any distance, providing a cleaner image for detection by the CMOS linear array sensor  14 .  
         [0025]    Referring to FIG. 4, a second embodiment of the present invention uses an off axis light source  40  which is located off the camera lens axis and the linear array sensor, as represented by lines  43 . The off axis light source  40  illuminates a target object by directing a beam of light onto its surface. However, the focused illumination stripe  44  is coplanar with the camera lens axis  43  and the linear sensor array at the required depth of field. The off axis light source  40  is preferably a movable array of LED sources  45  adapted to provide light to the target object. The invention, however, is not limited to this particular configuration or light source, as those skilled in the art will recognize alternative light sources from those described, such as semiconductor lasers, may be used.  
         [0026]    The light source  40  may be focused by using an optional lens  41 . The lens  41  may be any optical type lens, although a Fresnel lens is preferred. A light source positioner  42 , preferably in the form of a controllable motor is connected to the light source  40  to allow movement of the light source  40 . The positioner  42  is adapted to move the light source  40  based on a height of an object to be scanned, such that the focused illumination stripe  44 ,  44 ′ is located on the surface of the object. The object height may be determined by a range finder or other means.  
         [0027]    As shown schematically in FIG. 5, the position of the off axis light source  40  is infinitely variable. Accordingly, the illumination stripe  44 ,  44 ′,  44 ″ can be shifted to multiple positions depending on the required depth of field along the axis  43 .  
         [0028]    Referring to FIG. 6, a third embodiment of the invention is shown which includes multiple arrays of light sources  51  which are located on one or more circuit boards  52  placed off-axis to the lens  53  and the linear array sensor. A range finder  50  is connected to the array of light sources  51 . The range finder  50  determines distance between the camera and the target object. The distance data is sent to a controller which then powers on or off selected arrays of light sources  51  focused to a corresponding depth of field  55 ,  55 ′,  55 ″,  55 ′″ providing an illumination stripe  56 ,  56 ′,  56 ″,  56 ′″ coplanar to the camera lens axis  57 . The camera  53  and lens  54  detect the reflected light from the illumination stripe to read required data from the object. Alternatively, all of the light sources  51  may be activated to provide the desired illumination stripe at any depth of field, eliminating the need for the distance to the target object  
         [0029]    While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been described in detail, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiment described above, which should be considered exemplary. Further, modifications and extensions of the present invention may be developed based upon the foregoing, all such modifications are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention.