Abstract:
Substantially anhydrous compositions having a viscosity greater than 1000 centipoise are prepared by combining a polar solvent with a thickening agent selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid polymers and polyacrylamides. These compositions are particularly suited for topical use to deliver beneficial agents to the skin of a user. Being anhydrous, the compositions are particularly well suited to effectuate the delivery of beneficial agents that are unstable over time in aqueous systems.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
     1. Technical Field 
     This disclosure relates generally to substantially anhydrous compositions, such as anhydrous creams, lotions and gels useful in the cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries. More particularly, this disclosure relates to substantially anhydrous compositions containing a polar solvent, a thickening agent and, preferably a beneficial agent, especially a beneficial agent that is unstable in aqueous media. 
     2. Background of Related Art 
     Creams, lotions and gels are frequently used as topical treatments in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries to deliver beneficial agents to the skin of a user. Whether used to deliver a drug or a skin softener, the consistency and feel of the composition is important to the commercial success of the product. Stability of the beneficial agent in the composition is another important consideration in formulating such products. 
     Thickeners which have been previously used in formulating creams, lotions and gels include several commercially available acrylic acid polymers and polyacrylamides. However, the manufacturers of these thickeners consistently recommend that to provide a desired viscosity the thickener should be dispersed in water and then neutralized. Acrylic acid polymers and polyacrylamides have thus been found quite useful where an aqueous formulation is acceptable. However, some very important beneficial agents are unstable over time in aqueous systems. Included among the beneficial agents which are unstable over time in aqueous systems are several antibiotics and vitamins. Such beneficial agents are preferably delivered via anhydrous formulations. Acrylic acid polymers and polyacrylamides, which are promoted with literature that recommends dispersion in water to provide viscosity, are not known to be useful for imparting viscosity to anhydrous formulations. 
     SUMMARY 
     It has now been found that substantially anhydrous compositions having a viscosity greater than 1000 centipoise can be prepared by combining a polar solvent with a thickening agent selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid polymers and polyacrylamides. These compositions are particularly suited for topical use to deliver beneficial agents to the skin of a user. Preferred polar solvents are polyhydric alcohols. The thickening agent is added to the polar solvent in an amount sufficient to provide a desired thickness. Being anhydrous, the compositions are particularly well suited to effectuate the delivery of beneficial agents that are unstable over time in aqueous systems. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The compositions described herein are substantially anhydrous and contain a polar solvent, a thickening agent and, in particularly useful embodiments, a beneficial agent. 
     The compositions have a viscosity greater than about 1000 centipoise (cps) when measured using a Brookfield viscometer (model LVT) at room temperature using spindle number 3 or 4 at 30 to 0.3 rpm. It should be understood that all viscosities referred to herein are measured in this manner. Preferably, the composition has a viscosity greater than 5,000 cps. In particularly useful embodiments, the composition has a viscosity in the range of from about 1000 to about two million centipoise. Most preferably, the compositions have a viscosity in the range of about 10,000 cps to about 1,000,000 cps. 
     The compositions are also substantially anhydrous. That is, other than water of hydration contained in the various components used to formulate the product, no free water is added to the composition. Typically, the water content of the composition will be less than 5% by weight. Preferably the water content of the composition is less than 3% and most preferably less than about 1% by weight of the composition. 
     Polar solvents useful in the present compositions include polyols. A polyol is a compound with at least two hydroxyl groups per molecule, i.e., a compound having multiple hydroxyl groups as part of its molecular structure. Among the useful polyols are polyhydric alcohols. Propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and glycerine are particularly preferred polar solvents for use in the present compositions. 
     The thickening agent used in the present compositions is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid polymers and polyacrylamides. The thickening agent are used in an amount sufficient to obtain a composition of viscosity in the desired range. 
     Useful acrylic acid polymers include copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and of monomers containing at least one fatty chain; these monomers are chosen from hydrophobic monomers with a fatty chain, amphiphilic monomers containing a hydrophobic part with a fatty chain and a hydrophilic part, or alternatively their mixtures. Suitable materials include, for example, copolymers of C 10-30  alkyl acrylates with one or more monomers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or one of their short chain (i.e., C 1-4  alcohol) esters, wherein the crosslinking agent is an allyl ether of sucrose or pentaerythritol. These copolymers are commonly referred to as acrylates/C 10-30  alkyl acrylate crosspolymers and are commercially available under the tradename CARBOPOL® from B.F. Goodrich, Cleveland, Ohio U.S.A. Other polymers useful in the preparation of the present compositions are polymers of polyacrylic acid crosslinked with from about 0.75% to about 2.0% of polyalkyl sucrose or polyalkyl pentaerythritol often with molecular weights of 4 to 5 million or more that are commercially available, for example, under the trade designation CARBOPOL® 934, 940 and 941 from B.F. Goodrich, Cleveland, Ohio U.S.A. Anionic amphiphilic polymers which comprise 95% to 60% by weight of acrylic recurring structural units, 4% to 40% by weight of acrylate recurring structural units and 0. 1% to 6% by weight of crosslinking monomer, or (ii) which comprise 98% to 96% by weight of acrylic recurring structural units, 1% to 4% by weight of acrylate recurring structural units and 0. 1% to 0.6% by weight of crosslinking monomer are also useful as the thickening agent in the present compositions. Such polymers include, for example, those hydrophobically-modified cross-linked polymers of acrylic acid having amphipathic properties marketed by B.F. Goodrich under the trademarks CARBOPOL 1342 and CARBOPOL 1382. Also useful is ULTREZ® 10 (available from B.F. Goodrich), an oil in water emulsion of a modified acrylic copolymer comprising of a major portion of a monoolefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer or its anhydride having a length of from about 3 to 6 carbon atoms and a minor portion of a C 8-30  chain acrylate or methacrylate ester monomer wherein the carboxylic acid or its anhydride is from about 80 to about 99% by weight and the C 8-30  chain acrylate or methacrylate ester monomer is from about 1% to about 20% by weight. The polymer is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,598, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     When used, these acrylic acid polymers are present at a level from about 0.05% to about 20%, preferably from about 0.5% to 10% and most preferably from about 1% to about 10%. 
     The compositions can alternatively contain polyacrylamide polymers as the thickening agent, especially nonionic polyacrylamide polymers. The non-ionic polymers useful in the present compositions are polyacrylamides and substituted polyacrylamides, branched or unbranched. These polymers are non-ionic polymers which can be formed from a variety of monomers including acrylamide and methacrylamide which are unsubstituted or substituted with one or two alkyl groups (preferably C 1-5 ). Preferred acrylate amides and methacrylate amides in which the amide nitrogen is unsubstituted, or substituted with one or two C 1-5  alkyl groups (preferably: methyl, ethyl or propyl), for example, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N,N-dimethylmethacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide and N,N-dimethylacrylamide. These monomers are generally disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,963,348 which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. These copolymers may optionally be formed using conventional neutral crosslinking agents such as dialkenyl compounds. The use of such crosslinking agents for cationic polymers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,628,078 and 4,599,379 both of which are incorporated by reference herein. These non-ionic copolymers may have a molecular weight greater than about 1,000,000 preferably greater than about 1,500,000 and range up to about 30,000,000. Most preferred among these polyacrylamide polymers is the nonionic polymer given the CTFA designation polyacrylamide and isoparaffin and laureth-7, available under the tradename SEPIGEL® 305 from Seppic Corporation (Fairfield, N. J.). Other polyacrylamide polymers useful herein include multi-block copolymers of acrylamides and substituted acrylamides with acrylic acids and substituted acrylic acids. Commercially available examples of these multi-block copolymers include Hypan SR150H, SS500V, SS500W, SSSA100H, from Lipo Chemicals, Inc., (Patterson, N.J.). 
     When used, these non-ionic polyacrylamides are present at a level from about 0.05% to about 20%, preferably from about 0.5% to 10% and most preferably from about 1% to about 10%. 
     Quite surprisingly, it has been found that contrary to product literature relating to the commercially available acrylic acid polymers and polyacrylamides, when used in the present compositions, the thickening agents need not be dispersed in an aqueous medium or neutralized to provide the desired thickening. 
     The beneficial agent can be any physiologically or pharmacologically active substance or substances optionally in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable additional ingredients such as antioxidants, stabilizing agents, permeation enhancers, etc. that do not substantially adversely affect the advantageous results that can be attained by the present compositions. The beneficial agent may be any of the agents which are known to be delivered to the body of a human and, because the compositions are substantially anhydrous, need not be soluble in water. In fact, the present compositions are particularly suited for delivery of beneficial agents that are soluble in polyols and not stable in aqueous media. These agents include drug agents, medicaments, vitamins, nutrients, or the like. Included among the types of agents which meet this description are lower molecular weight compounds, proteins, peptides, genetic material, nutrients, vitamins, food supplements, sex sterilants, fertility inhibitors and fertility promoters. The beneficial agent will be present in the compositions in an amount from about 0.001 to about 50 percent by weight, preferably, about 0.05 to about 20 percent by weight and most preferably about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight. 
     The beneficial agent used in the present compositions include, but are not limited to: about 0.1 wt. % to about 15 wt. %, preferably about 0.5 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, keratolytic agents, such as salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide; about 0. 1 wt. % to about 40 wt. %, menthol or methyl salicylates, about 0.001 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, preferably about 0.1 wt. % to about 2 wt. %, retinoids, such as retinol, retinoic acid, retinyl palmitate, retinyl propionate or retinyl acetate as well as synthetic retinoid mimics; about 1.0 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, preferably about 4 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, alpha-hydroxyacids (e.g. glycolic acid, lactid acid); about 0.1 wt. % to about 50 wt. %, preferably about 2 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, ascorbic acid; and about 0.001 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, preferably about 0.1 wt. % to about 2.0 wt. %, antibiotics (e.g. erythromycin, clindomycin, tetracyclin, cephalosporins, their derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts). 
     Compositions in accordance with this disclosure can be easily prepared by simply mixing the ingredients at room temperature. The order of addition of the ingredients is not critical. Preferably, the beneficial agent is added to the polyol component. Then, sufficient thickening agent is added with stirring to provide a composition having the desired viscosity. Other optional ingredients can then be added with continued stirring. Heat can be applied provided there is no detrimental effect on the beneficial agent. 
     In addition to the polyol, thickening agent and beneficial agent, the present compositions may also contain a variety of non-essential ingredients such as, for example, co-solvents, (e.g., alcohol, acetone, propylene carbonates), preservatives, emollients, humectants, anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, insect repellents or skin cooling compounds, etc. 
     A preservative can also be used in the present compositions. Preservatives suitable for use in connection with the present compositions include parabens, sorbates, benzyl alcohol, diazolidinyl urea and isothiazolinones. Preservatives can be present in an amount from about 0.001 wt. % to about 15 wt. % of the total composition. 
     In another aspect, it is further contemplated that the present anhydrous compositions may contain an anhydrous detergent to provide a foaming cleanser. Suitable anhydrous detergents include, but are not limited to, sodium cocoyl isethionate, alphaolefin sulfonates, sarcosynates, acyl glutamates and combinations thereof. When used, the anhydrous detergents can be present in an amount from about 1 to about 25 weight percent based on the weight of the total composition, preferably about 5 to about 20 weight percent, most preferably about 10 to about 20 weight percent. It should be understood that the present anhydrous foaming cleansers, with or without beneficial agents, are considered to be novel. 
     The following examples are presented to illustrate specific embodiments of the present compositions and methods. These examples should not be interpreted as limitations upon the scope of the invention. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 1-10 
     Substantially anhydrous compositions according to the present disclosure are made by mixing dipropylene glycol as the polyol with various acrylic acid polymer thickening agents at room temperature with mixing. The viscosity of the resulting composition is measured using a Brookfield LVT viscometer. The compositions expressed as percents of total weight of the entire composition and viscosities in centipoise are reported in Table 1, below: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Exam- 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Ingredient 
                 ple 1 
                 Example 2 
                 Example 3 
                 Example 4 
                 Example 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 dipropylene 
                  99* 
                 98 
                 99 
                 98 
                 99 
               
               
                 glycol 
               
               
                 Carbopol 934 
                 1 
                 2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 941 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1 
                 2 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 1382 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1 
               
               
                 Ultrez 10 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 20/20 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 1200 
                 7500 
                 7700 
                 11,900 
                 1600 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Exam- 
                   
                   
                   
                 Example 
               
               
                 Ingredient 
                 ple 6 
                 Example 7 
                 Example 8 
                 Example 9 
                 10 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 dipropylene 
                 98 
                 99 
                 98 
                 99 
                 98 
               
               
                 glycol 
               
               
                 Carbopol 934 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 941 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 1382 
                 2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Ultrez 10 
                 — 
                 1 
                 2 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 20/20 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 13,000 
                 1,500 
                 17,100 
                 3,900 
                 15,300 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *% by weight based on entire composition  
               
               
                 **cps  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLES 11-15 
     Substantially anhydrous compositions according to the present disclosure are made by mixing propylene glycol as the polyol with a polyacrylamide thickening agent and/or alcohol co-solvent at room temperature with mixing. The viscosity of the resulting composition is measured using a Brookfield LVT viscometer. The compositions expressed as percents of total weight of the entire composition and viscosities in centipoise are reported in Table 2, below: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Exam- 
                 Example 
                 Example 
                 Example 
                 Example 
               
               
                 Ingredient 
                 ple 11 
                 12 
                 13 
                 14 
                 15 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 PROPYLENE 
                  99* 
                 98 
                 97 
                 50 
                 50 
               
               
                 GLYCOL 
               
               
                 Sepigel 305 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 1 
                 3 
               
               
                 ethyl alcohol 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 49 
                 47 
               
               
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 1,920 
                 5,000 
                 16,000 
                 1,600 
                 1,800 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *% by weight based on entire composition  
               
               
                 **cps  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLES 16-18 
     Substantially anhydrous compositions according to the present disclosure are made by mixing glycerine (96%) as the polyol with a polyacrylamide thickening agent at room temperature with mixing. The viscosity of the resulting composition is measured using a Brookfield LVT viscometer. The compositions expressed as percents of total weight of the entire composition and viscosities in centipoise are reported in Table 3, below: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Ingredient 
                 Example 16 
                 Example 17 
                 Example 18 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 GLYCERINE 96% 
                    99* 
                      98 
                        97 
               
               
                   
                 SEPIGEL 305 
                    1 
                      2 
                        3 
               
               
                   
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 86,000 
                 1,960,000 
                 &gt;2,000,000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *% by weight based on entire composition  
               
               
                   
                 **cps  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLES 19-21 
     Substantially anhydrous compositions according to the present disclosure are made by mixing glycerine (99%) as the polyol with a polyacrylamide thickening agent at room temperature with mixing. The viscosity of the resulting composition is measured at using a Brookfield LVT viscometer. The compositions expressed as percents of total weight of the entire composition and viscosities in centipoise are reported in Table 4, below: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Ingredient 
                 Example 19 
                 Example 20 
                 Example 21 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 GLYCERINE 99% 
                 99* 
                 98 
                 97 
               
               
                 SEPIGEL 305 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 90,500 
                 &gt;2,000,000 
                 &gt;2,000,000 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 *% by weight based on entire composition  
               
               
                 **cps  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLES 22-33 
     Substantially anhydrous compositions according to the present disclosure are made by mixing glycerine (99%) as the polyol with a various acrylic acid polymers as the thickening agent at room temperature with mixing. The viscosity of the resulting composition is measured using a Brookfield LVT viscometer. The compositions expressed as percents of total weight of the entire composition and viscosities in centipoise are reported in Table 5, below: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Exam- 
                 Example 
                 Example 
                 Example 
                 Example 
               
               
                 Ingredient 
                 ple 22 
                 23 
                 24 
                 25 
                 26 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Glycerine 99% 
                  99* 
                 98 
                 97 
                 99 
                 98 
               
               
                 Carbopol 934 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 941 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                 Carbopol 1382 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Ultrez 10 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 40,250 
                 75,000 
                 925,000 
                 66,000 
                 75,000 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ingredient 
                 Example 27 
                 Example 28 
                 Example 29 
                 Example 30 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Glycerine 99% 
                 97 
                 99 
                 98 
                 97 
               
               
                 Carbopol 934 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 941 
                 2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 1382 
                 — 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                 Ultrez 10 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 174,000 
                 40,750 
                 190,000 
                 2,000,000 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Ingredient 
                 Example 31 
                 Example 32 
                 Example 33 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Glycerine 99% 
                  99* 
                 98 
                 97 
               
               
                   
                 Carbopol 20/20 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 21,750 
                 845,000 
                 2,000,000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *% by weight based on entire composition  
               
               
                   
                 **cps  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLES 34-45 
     Substantially anhydrous compositions according to the present disclosure are made by mixing glycerine (96%) as the polyol with a various acrylic acid polymers as the thickening agent at room temperature with mixing. The viscosity of the resulting composition is measured using a Brookfield LVT viscometer. The compositions expressed as percents of total weight of the entire composition and viscosities in centipoise are reported in Table 6, below: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Exam- 
                 Example 
                 Example 
                 Example 
                 Example 
               
               
                 Ingredient 
                 ple 34 
                 35 
                 36 
                 37 
                 38 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Glycerine 96% 
                  99* 
                 98 
                 97 
                  99 
                 98 
               
               
                 Carbopol 934 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 941 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                 Carbopol 1382 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Ultrez 10 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 30,250 
                 76,500 
                 810,000 
                 27,500 
                 39,750 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ingredient 
                 Example 39 
                 Example 40 
                 Example 41 
                 Example 42 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Glycerine 96% 
                 97 
                 99 
                 98 
                 97 
               
               
                 Carbopol 934 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 941 
                 2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 1382 
                 — 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                 Ultrez 10 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 146,000 
                 10,400 
                 93,000 
                 2,000,000 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Ingredient 
                 Example 43 
                 Example 44 
                 Example 45 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 glycerine 99% 
                  99* 
                 98 
                 97 
               
               
                   
                 Carbopol 20/20 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 24,750 
                 376,000 
                 1,930,000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *% by weight based on entire composition  
               
               
                   
                 **cps  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLES 46-57 
     Substantially anhydrous compositions according to the present disclosure are made by mixing propylene glycol as the polyol with various acrylic acid polymer as the thickening agents at room temperature with mixing. The viscosity of the resulting composition is measured using a Brookfield LVT viscometer. The compositions expressed as percents of total weight of the entire composition and viscosities in centipoise are reported in Table 7, below: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Exam- 
                 Example 
                 Example 
                 Example 
                 Example 
               
               
                 Ingredient 
                 ple 46 
                 47 
                 48 
                 49 
                 50 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 propylene 
                  99* 
                 98 
                 97 
                 99 
                 98 
               
               
                 glycol 
               
               
                 Carbopol 934 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 941 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 1 
                 2 
               
               
                 Carbopol 1382 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Ultrez 10 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 1,000 
                 5,600 
                 81,500 
                 1,800 
                 3,200 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ingredient 
                 Example 51 
                 Example 52 
                 Example 53 
                 Example 54 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 propylene 
                 97 
                 99 
                 98 
                 97 
               
               
                 glycol 
               
               
                 Carbopol 934 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 941 
                 2 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 Carbopol 1382 
                 — 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                 Ultrez 10 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
                 — 
               
               
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 16,200 
                 2,100 
                 11,300 
                 92,000 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Ingredient 
                 Example 55 
                 Example 56 
                 Example 57 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 propylene 
                  99* 
                 98 
                 97 
               
               
                   
                 glycol 
               
               
                   
                 Carbopol 20/20 
                 1 
                 2 
                 3 
               
               
                   
                 VISCOSITY** 
                 700 
                 11,700 
                 84,000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *% by weight based on entire composition  
               
               
                   
                 **cps  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 58 
     A substantially anhydrous ascorbic acid composition is prepared in accordance with the present invention having the following formulation: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 ascorbic acid 
                 10.00 
               
               
                   
                 propylene glycol 
                 88.00 
               
               
                   
                 ULTREZ 10 
                 2.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 59 
     A substantially anhydrous vitamin A composition is prepared in accordance with the present invention having the following formulation: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 RETINOL 50C 
                 0.2 
               
               
                   
                 propylene glycol 
                 99.8 
               
               
                   
                 ULTREZ 10 
                 2.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 60 
     Substantially anhydrous erythromycin compositions are prepared in accordance with the present invention having the following formulations: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A 
                 B 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 erythromycin 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 propylene glycol 
                 96 
                 96 
               
               
                   
                 ULTREZ 10 
                 2.0 
                 — 
               
               
                   
                 SEPIGEL 305 
                 — 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 61 
     Substantially anhydrous clindomycin phosphate compositions are prepared in accordance with the present invention having the following formulations: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 A 
                 B 
                 C 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 clindomycin phosphate 
                 1.0 
                 2.0 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 propylene glycol 
                 97 
                 96 
                 95 
               
               
                   
                 ULTREZ 10 
                 2.0 
                 — 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 SEPIGEL 305 
                 — 
                 2.0 
                 1.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 62 
     A substantially anhydrous analgesic composition is prepared in accordance with the present invention having the following formulation: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 methylsalicylate 
                 20.0 
               
               
                   
                 menthol 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 propylene glycol 
                 73.0 
               
               
                   
                 ULTREZ 10 
                 2.00 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 63 
     A substantially anhydrous benzoyl peroxide gel composition is prepared having the following formulation: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 propylene glycol 
                 88.5 
               
               
                   
                 ULTREZ 10 
                 1.5 
               
               
                   
                 benzoyl peroxide 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                 FINSOLV TN* 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 *C 12-15  alkyl benzoate commercially available from Finetex, Inc., Elmwood Park, New Jersey.  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 64 
     An anhydrous foaming cleanser composition is prepared having the following formulation: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 glycerine 
                 56.0 
               
               
                   
                 polyethylene glycol 
                 20.0 
               
               
                   
                 ULTREZ 10 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 salicylic acid 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 sodium cocoyl isethionate 
                 20.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 65 
     An anhydrous foaming cleanser composition is prepared having the following formulation: 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 sodium cocoyl isethionate 
                 20.0 
               
               
                   
                 glycerine 
                 66.6 
               
               
                   
                 ULTREZ 10 
                 2.0 
               
               
                   
                 benzoyl peroxide 
                 5.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The present invention has been described with particular reference to the preferred forms thereof It will be obvious that various changes and modifications may be made therein without department from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.