Abstract:
In a luminous display method according to a simple matrix drive system and its driving method in which luminous elements are connected at the intersections of a plurality of anode lines and a plurality of cathode lines which are arranged in matrix form, the cathode lines or the anode lines are employed as scanning lines, while the others are employed as drive lines, and while the scanning lines are scanned with a predetermined period, in synchronization with the scanning operation drive sources are connected to desired drive lines thereby to cause luminous elements to emit lights which are connected at the intersections of the scanning lines and the drive lines; in which, during a period of time before, after the scanning of an optional scanning line is accomplished, the scanning is switched over to the scanning of the next scanning line, an offset voltage is applied to charge the luminous elements.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a luminous display using luminous elements such as organic EL (electro-luminescence), and its driving method. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Recently, attention has been paid to an organic EL display as a self-luminous type display. Development of organic materials has advanced, and its service life has increased. Furthermore, it is thin, and is high in luminescence, and it is low in power consumption including its back light. Hence, its screen is improved in definition and increased in size. 
     The organic EL is a capacitive element. Therefore, it suffer from a problem that, in a simple matrix drive system popularly employed as a matrix display drive method, the parastic capacitance of the luminous element is charged, and the resultant charge makes the luminescence of the element insufficient. 
     This problem will be described concretely below: 
     A drive method shown in FIG. 6 is called “a simple matrix drive system. Anode lines A 1  through A 256  and cathode lines B 1  through B 64  are arranged in matrix. At the intersections of the anode lines and the cathode lines thus connected in matrix, luminous elements E 1 . 1  through E 256 . 64  are connected. The anode lines or the cathode lines are scanned at predetermined time intervals, while, in synchronization with this scan, the other lines are driven with constant currents  21  through  2256  which are employed as drive sources, so that the luminous elements at the desired (optional) intersections are caused to emit light. Each of the constant current sources  21  through  2256  supplies a constant current I. 
     In the case of FIG. 6, the luminous elements E 11  and E 12  are turned on. That is, the scanning switch  51  is switched over to 0V (side), and the cathode line B 1  is scanned. 
     For the remaining cathode lines B 2  through B 64 , the scanning switch  52  through  564  function, to apply reverse bias voltage Vcc (10V) to them B 2  through B 64 . 
     The application of the reverse bias voltage is to prevent current supplied from the constant current sources  21  through  2256  from being applied to the cathode lines which are not scanned, It is preferable that the value Vcc is substantially equal to the voltage value applied between the luminous elements to cause the luminous elements to emit light at a desired instantaneous brightness; that is, a voltage of the luminous element which are connected between a constant current source and ground. 
     The anode lines A 1  and A 2  are connected through drive switches  61  and  62  to the constant current sources  21  and  22 , and shunt switches  71  and  71  are kept opened. For the remaining anode lines A 3  through A 256 , the constant current sources are opened, and the shunt switches  73  through  7256  are at ground potential. 
     Accordingly, in the case of FIG. 6, the luminous elements E 1 . 1  and E 2 . 1  are biased forwardly, so that drive currents from the constant current sources flow as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 6, whereby only two luminous elements E 1 . 1  and E 2 . 1  emit light. 
     The operations of the scanning switches  51  through  564 , the drive switches  61  through  6256 , the shunt switch  71  through  7256  are controlled by a luminescence control circuit  4 + to which luminous data are applied. 
     With the aid of the scanning switches  52  through  564 , reverse bias voltage is applied to first terminals of the luminous elements connected at the intersections of the cathode lines B 2  through B 64  and the anode lines A 1  and A 2 , while the constant current sources  21  and  22  supply a voltage, which is substantially equal to the reverse bias voltage, to the second (remaining) terminals thereof. Therefore, no current flows in the luminous elements. Accordingly, no parastic capacitances of the luminous elements are charged. 
     Reverse bias voltage is applied to the luminous elements connected at the intersections of the cathode lines B through B 64  and the anode lines A 3  through A 256 . Therefore, the parastic capacitances (the capacitors shaded) of the luminous elements are reversely charged as indicated in FIG. 6 (the potential on the side of cathodes of the element being higher). 
     When, under the condition that the parastic capacitances are reversely charged, the cathode lines are scanned to cause the next luminous element to emit light, then the period of time required for the next luminous element to activate, and accordingly, it is impossible to perform a high speed scanning operation. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 7A and 7B. 
     FIGS. 7A and 7B show only the luminous elements E 3 , 1  through E 3 , 64  connected to the anode line A 3  in FIG.  6 . FIG. 7A is for a description of the scanning of the cathode line B 1 , and FIG. 7B is for a description of the scanning of the cathode line B 2 . In this connection, let us consider the case where, when the cathode line B 1  is scanned, the light emission of the luminous element E 3 , 1  is not carried out, and when the cathode line B 2  is canned, the light emission of the luminous element E 3 , 2  is carried out. 
     As shown in FIG. 7A, in the case where, when the cathode line B 1  is scanned, the anode line A 3  is not driven, the luminous elements E 3 , 2  through E 3 , 64  (other than the luminous element E 3 , 1 ) connected to the cathode line B 1  which is being scanned are charged as shown in FIG. 7A by the reverse bias voltage Vcc applied to the cathode lines B 2  through B 64 . 
     As shown in FIG. 7B, if, when the scanning is shifted to the cathode line B 2 , the anode line A 3  is driven to cause the luminous element E 3 , 2  to emit light, then not only the parastic capacitance of the luminous element E 3 , 2  is charged, but also current flows to the parastic capacitances of the luminous elements E 3 , 3  through E 3 , 64  connected to the other cathode lines B 3  through B 64  as indicated by the arrows; that is, those parastic capacitances are charged. 
     On the other hand, a luminous element has a characteristic that its luminescent brightness changes with a voltage across it. Hence, if the voltage across it is not increased to a predetermined value, the steady light emission (the light emission with a desired instantaneous brightness) thereof is not achieved. 
     In the case of the conventional drive method, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, when the anode line A 3  is driven to cause the luminous element E 3 , 2  to emit light which is connected to the cathode line B 2 , then not only the parastic capacitance of the luminous element E 3 , 2  to be caused to emit light but also the other luminous elements E 3 , 3  through E 3 , 64  connected to the anode line A 3  are charged. Therefore, it takes time to charge the parastic capacitance of the luminous element E 3 , 2  to be caused to emit light; that is, it is impossible to quickly increase the voltage across the luminous element E 3 , 2  to a predetermined value which is connected to the cathode line B 2 . 
     Accordingly, the conventional method is disadvantageous in that the time required for a luminous element to emit light is slow, and it is impossible to perform a high speed scanning operation. 
     In order to solve this problem, the present Applicant has proposed the following drive method under Japanese Patent Application No. 38393/1996: As shown in FIG. 8, during the period of time between the accomplishment of a scanning operation and the shifting the scanning operation to the next cathode line, all the drive switch  61  through  6256  are turned off, all the scanning switches  51  through  564  and all the shunt switches  71  through  7256  are switched over to 0V side, so that the resetting operation with 0V is effected, whereby the parastic capacitances of the luminous elements are discharged. The proposed method functions as described above. 
     In the above-described conventional drive method, the parastic capacitances of the luminous elements E 3 , 2  through E 3 , 64  charged by the reverse bias voltage Vcc during the scanning of the cathode line B 1  is discharged before the scanning is shifted to the cathode line B 2 . Therefore, at the moment the scanning is shifted to the cathode line B 2 , the circuit is as shown in FIG.  9 . In this case, the parastic capacitances of all the luminous elements have been discharged. Therefore, currents from a plurality of routes shown in FIG. 9 flow to the luminous element E 3 , 2  to be caused to emit light next, so that the luminous element E 3 , 2  is quickly caused to emit light. 
     FIGS. 10 and 11 show another conventional drive method, which is different from the above-described one in a luminous element resetting operation. 
     In the drive method, drive switches  61  through  6256  are 3-contact type change-over switches. The first contacts are connected to nothing (open), the second contacts are connected to constant current sources  21  through  2256 , and the third contacts are connected to the power source Vcc=10V. 
     In the case where the luminous elements E 1 , 1  and E 2 , 1 , the state of the circuit is as shown in FIG. 10, being the same as that shown in FIG.  6 . 
     The two luminous elements E 1 , 1  and E 2 , 1  are caused to emit light. And before, in order to cause the next luminous element to emit light, the cathode line B 2  is scanned, as shown in FIG. 11 all the shunt switches  71  through  7256  are turned off, and all the scanning switches  51  through  564  are switched over to the reverse bias voltage side, and all the drive switches  61  through  6256  are switched over to the third contact side. 
     As a result, all the anode lines A 1  through A 256 , and all the cathode lines B 1  through B 64  are shunt with the constant voltage source, so that the parastic capacitances of all the luminous elements are instantaneously discharged. 
     That is, in the above-described second conventional method, during the period of time between the accomplishment of the scanning of a (an optional) cathode line and the shifting of the scanning operation to the next cathode line, all the luminous elements are reset so as to discharge the parastic capacitances of the luminous elements. The time between the supplying of drive current to a luminous element to be caused to emit light next and the emission of light thereof is reduced; that is, a high speed scanning operation is carried out. 
     As the display panel is increased in size and in definition, the number of luminous elements is increased, and the cathode lines and the anode lines connecting those luminous elements is elongated and thinned. Since the cathode line is made of a metal line, usually it has a low resistance. In the case where the cathode line and the anode line are elongated and thinned, then they are increased in resistance as much. 
     The above-described drive method pays no attention to the resistance of the cathode lines; however, if the resistance is increased, the following problem which cannot be disregarded is involved. 
     This problem will be described with reference to FIG.  12 . FIG. 12 shows a part of FIG.  6 . 
     In FIG. 12, the resistance r 1  of the cathode lines B 1  through B 64  between the scanning switches  51  through  564  and the luminous elements E 1 , 1  through E 1 , 64  can be regarded as about zero (0). The resistance of the cathode lines are gradually increased in proportion to the distances from the scanning switches  51  through  564 . And its resistance r  256  becomes maximum between the scanning switches  51  through  564  and the luminous elements E 256 , 1  through E 256 , 64 . 
     Let us consider the case where the parastic capacitances of the luminous elements are discharged by the above-described resetting operation, the scanning is shifted from the cathode line B 1  to the cathode line B 2 , and in order to cause the luminous elements E 1 , 2  and E 2 , 256  to emit light the anode lines A 1  through A 256  are connected to the constant current sources  21  through  2256 . 
     When the scanning is shifted, current flows in the luminous element E 1 , 2  from the side of the luminous elements E 1 , 1 , and E 1 , 3  through E 1 , 64 ; however, since the resistance of the cathode line B 2  between luminous element E 1 , 2  and the scanning switch  52  is about zero (0), there is no voltage drop due to the resistance of the cathode line B 2 . Therefore, the voltage applied across the luminous element E 1 , 2  becomes approximately Vcc immediately, and the latter E 1 , 2  is charged in correspondence to Vcc. Hence, the voltage across the luminous element E 1 , 2  can be increased to the desired value Vcc, and immediately the light emission is carried out with a desired instantaneous luminance. 
     On the other hand, when current flows into the luminous element E 256 , 2  from the side of the luminous elements E 256 , 1  and E 256 , 3  through E 256 , 64  after the scanning is switched, a—voltage drop V 256  is caused by the resistance r 256  of the cathode line B 2 . 
     Therefore, the voltage across the luminous element E 256 , 2  is Vcc−V 256 , and the parastic capacitance of the latter E 256 , 2  is charged as much. Accordingly, immediately after the switching of the scanning the voltage across the luminous element E 256 , 2  is not the predetermined value yet, and therefore the light emission is not carried out with a desired instantaneous luminance. In order to perform the light emission at the desired instantaneous luminance, the current supplied from the constant current source  2256  must be applied thereto until the voltage across the luminous element reaches the predetermined value Vcc. For this purpose, all the luminous elements E 256 , 1  through E 256 , 64  must be charged until the potential of the anode line A 256  reaches Vcc+V 256 ; however, this operation will take a lot of time. 
     As is apparent from the above description, the luminous element E 256 , 2  cannot obtain a sufficiently high luminance during its selected period, and is deviated in luminance from the luminous element E 1 , 2 . Those factors makes the screen unclear. 
     As was described above, because of the resistance of the cathode lines, the element located far from the scanning switches  51  through  564  is insufficient in luminance when compared with the element located near those scanning switches. That is, the display panel is not uniform in the distribution of luminance. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In view of the foregoing, an object of the invention is to provide a luminous display which realizes a display panel in which the elements are uniform in luminance, and to provide a drive method thereof. 
     According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of driving a luminous display in a simple matrix drive system in which luminous elements are connected at the intersections of a plurality of anode lines and a plurality of cathode lines which are arranged in matrix form, the cathode lines or the anode lines are employed as scanning lines, while the others are employed as drive lines, and while the scanning lines are scanned with a predetermined period, in synchronization with the scanning operation drive sources are connected to desired drive lines to cause luminous elements to emit lights which are connected at the intersections of the scanning lines and the drive lines, said method comprising the step of: 
     scanning one scanning line; and 
     applying an offset voltage to the luminous elements to charge the luminous elements during a period of time when the scanning of the one scanning line is switched over to the scanning of a succeeding scanning line after the scanning of the one scanning line has been completed. 
     According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of driving a luminous display according to the first aspect, wherein said offset voltage applying step comprises the steps of: 
     grounding the scanning lines; and 
     connecting the drive lines to voltage sources different from the drive sources. 
     According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of driving a luminous display according to the first aspect, wherein the offset voltages are set to values corresponding to drop voltages across resistances between the luminous elements of the scanning lines and the ends of the scanning lines. 
     According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of driving a luminous display according to the first aspect; wherein the offset voltages are set to values corresponding to resistances between the luminous elements and the ends of the scanning lines. 
     According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of driving a luminous display according to the first aspect, wherein said offset voltage applying step comprises the step of applying bias voltages to the scanning lines which are not scanned are applied, of the plurality of scanning lines; and 
     grounding the drive lines which are not driven, of the plurality of drive lines. 
     According to a sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of a luminous display according to the first aspect, wherein the luminous elements are organic EL elements having parastic capacitances. 
     According to a seventh aspect of the invention, there is provided a luminous display in a simple matrix drive system, said display comprising: 
     a plurality of anode lines; 
     a plurality of cathode lines, said cathode lines and said anode lines being arranged in matrix form, ones of said cathode lines and said anode lines being employed as scanning lines, and the others being employed as drive lines; 
     a plurality of luminous elements connected at intersections of said anode lines and said cathode lines; 
     bias voltage applying means for applying bias voltage to the scanning lines, each of the scanning lines is connected to one of said voltage applying means and the ground; 
     constant current sources for supplying drive currents to said luminous elements; and 
     voltage sources for applying offset voltages to said luminous elements, said anode lines being connected to one of said constant current sources, said voltage sources and the ground; 
     wherein said scanning lines are scanned with a predetermined period, desired drive lines are driven in synchronization with the scanning operation to cause said luminous elements to emit lights. 
     According to an eighth aspect of the invention, there is provided a luminous display according to the seventh aspect, wherein during a period of time before, after the scanning of an optional scanning line is accomplished, the scanning is switched over to the scanning of the next scanning line, the plurality of drive lines are connected to the voltage sources, while the scanning lines are grounded, so that the luminous elements are charged. 
     According to a ninth aspect of the invention, there is provided a luminous display according to the seventh aspect; wherein the offset voltages are set to values corresponding to drop voltages across resistances between the luminous elements of the scanning lines and the ends of the scanning lines. 
     According to a tenth aspect of the invention, there is provided a luminous display according to the ninth aspect; wherein the voltage sources are variable voltage sources, and comprises: 
     voltage determining means which, according to the light emission states of all the luminous elements connected to the cathode line which is to be scanned next, determine offset voltages which are to be applied to those luminous elements; and 
     voltage control means for controlling supply voltage values of the variable voltage sources so as to apply offset voltages which are determined by the offset voltage determining means. 
     According to an eleventh aspect of the invention, there is provided a luminous display according to the seventh aspect, wherein the offset voltages are set in correspondence to resistances between the luminous elements and the ends of the scanning lines. 
     According to a twelfth aspect of the invention, there is provided a luminous display according to the seventh aspect, wherein during a scanning period of the scanning lines, the lines which are not scanned are connected to the bias voltage applying means, and the lines which are not driven are grounded. 
     According to a thirteenth aspect of the invention, there is provided a luminous display according to the seventh aspect, wherein the luminous elements are organic EL elements having capacitances. 
     In the luminous display driving method according to a simple matrix drive system in which luminous elements are connected at the intersections of a plurality of anode lines and a plurality of cathode lines which are arranged in matrix form, the cathode lines or the anode lines are employed as scanning lines, while the others are employed as drive lines, and while the scanning lines are scanned with a predetermined period, in synchronization with the scanning operation drive sources are connected to desired drive lines thereby to cause luminous elements to emit lights which are connected at the intersections of the scanning lines and the drive lines; according to the invention, during a period of time before, after the scanning of an optional scanning line is accomplished, the scanning is switched over to the scanning of the next scanning line, an offset voltage is applied to charge the luminous elements. Hence, the fluctuation in the light emission start time of the luminous elements which is due to the resistances of the cathode lines is minimized, and the luminous display is displayed so that the person is able to observe the display with ease. 
     Furthermore, in the luminous display according to a simple matrix drive system in which luminous elements are connected at the intersections of a plurality of anode lines and a plurality of cathode lines which are arranged in matrix form, the cathode lines or the anode lines are employed as scanning lines, while the others are employed as drive lines, and while the scanning lines are scanned with a predetermined period, in synchronization with the scanning operation drive sources are connected to desired drive lines thereby to cause luminous elements to emit lights which are connected at the intersections of the scanning lines and the drive lines; according to the invention, each of the scanning lines is connectable to bias voltage applying means adapted to apply bias voltage or ground, and the anode lines are connectable to one selected from a group consisting of constant current sources adapted to supply drive currents to the luminous elements, voltage sources adapted to apply offset voltages to the luminous elements, and ground. Hence, the fluctuation in the light emission start time of the luminous elements which is due to the resistances of the cathode lines is minimized, and the luminous display is displayed so that the operator is able to observe the display with ease. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for a description of a luminous display, which constitutes an embodiment of the invention, and the first step of its driving method. 
     FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for a description of the luminous display, which constitutes the embodiment of the invention, and the second step of its driving method. 
     FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for a description of the luminous display, which constitutes the embodiment of the invention, and the third step of its driving method. 
     FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for a description of the luminous display, which constitutes the embodiment of the invention, and the fourth step of its driving method. 
     FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for a description of the luminous display, which constitutes the embodiment of the invention, and the fifth step of its driving method. 
     FIG. 6 is a diagram for a description of a conventional luminous display and its driving method. 
     FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams for a description of the conventional luminous display and its driving method. 
     FIG. 8 is a diagram for a description of the conventional luminous display and its driving method. 
     FIG. 9 is a diagram for a description of the conventional luminous display and its driving method. 
     FIG. 10 is a diagram for a description of the conventional luminous display and its driving method. 
     FIG. 11 is a diagram for a description of the conventional luminous display and its driving method. 
     FIG. 12 is a diagram for a description of difficulties accompanying the conventional luminous display. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     An embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 5. Those figures shows a luminous element drive device according to the invention. In FIGS. 1 through 5, parts corresponding functionally to those already described with reference to the prior art (FIGS. 6 through 12) are therefore designated by the same reference numerals or characters. As shown in FIGS. 1 through 5, drive lines, namely, anode lines A 1  through A 256 , and scanning lines, namely, cathode lines B 1  through B 64  are arranged in matrix. Luminous elements E 1 , 1  through E 256 , 64  are connected at the intersections of those cathode and anode lines. Reference numeral  1  designates a cathode line scanning circuit;  2 , an anode line drive circuit;  3 , an anode reset circuit; and  4 , a light emission control circuit. 
     The cathode line scanning circuit  1  has scanning switches  51  through  564  which scan the cathode lines B 1  through B 64  one after another. First terminals of the scanning switches  51  through  564  are connected to a power source voltage, namely, a reverse bias voltage Vcc (10V), and the remaining (second) terminals are grounded. 
     The reverse bias voltage Vcc is such that, similarly as in the case of the prior art, in order to cause the luminous elements to emit light with a desired instantaneous luminance, the voltage value applied between the luminous elements is the same. 
     The anode drive circuit  2  comprises drive sources, namely, current sources  21  through  2256 , and drive switches  61  through  6256  to select the anode lines A 1  through A 256 . 
     The drive switches  61  through  6256  are 3-contact change-over switches. The first contacts are connected to nothing, (open), the second contacts are connected to current sources  21  through  2256 , and the third contacts are connected to variable voltage sources  81  through  8256  to apply offset voltages. 
     The anode reset circuit  3  comprises shunt switches  71  through  7256  to ground the anode lines A 1  through A 256 . The on-off operations of the scanning switches  51  through  564 , the drive switches  61  through  6256 , and the shunt switches  71  through  7256  are controlled by the light emission control circuit  4 . 
     In FIG. 1, the resistances r 1  through r 256  are resistances between the contacts of the luminous elements and the cathode lines and the cathode lines and the luminous elements which are connected adjacent to the same cathode lines as the luminous elements are connected. For instance, the resistance between the contact x of the luminous element E 1 , 1  and the cathode line B 1  and the contact y of the luminous element E 2 , 1  and the cathode line B 1  is designated by r 2 . 
     Those resistances r 1  through r 256  are each r in value. 
     A method of driving the luminous elements in the embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 5. For a description of the driving method, it is assumed that after the cathode line B 1  is scanned to cause two luminous elements E 1 , 1  and E 3 , 1  to emit light, the cathode line B 2  is scanned to cause the luminous elements E 2 , 2  and E 3 , 2  to emit light. 
     In addition, for convenience in description, a luminous element emitting light is indicated by a diode mark, and a luminous element emitting no light is indicated by a capacitor mark. 
     In FIG. 1, the scanning switch  51  is switched over to the ground potential side, so that the cathode line B 1  is scanned. With the aid of the scanning switches  52  through  564 , a reverse bias voltage is applied to the other cathode lines B 2  through B 64 . With the aid of the drive switches  61  and  63 , the anode lines A 1  and A 3  are connected to the current sources  21  and  23 , and the shunt switches  71  and  73  are opened. 
     On the other hand, with the aid of the drives switches  62  and  64  through  6256 , the other anode lines A 2  and A 4  through A 256  are disconnected from the current sources  22  and  24  through  2256  while they are grounded with the aid of the shunt switches  72  and  74  through  7256 . 
     Accordingly, in the case of FIG. 1, only the luminous elements E 1 , 1  and E 3 , 1  are biased forwardly, and drive current from the current sources  21  and  23  flows thereinto in the directions of the arrows, so that only the luminous elements E 1 , 1  and E 3 , 1  emit light. 
     In this case, the potentials of the driven anode lines A 1  and A 3  are V×1 and V×3, respectively—V×1&lt;V×3. 
     The luminous elements E 1 , 2  through E 1 , 64  and E 32  through E 364  at the intersections of the cathode lines B 2  through B 64  and the driven anode lines A 1  and A 3 , are charged positive. The positive charges are charged by the variable voltage sources  81  and  83  before the scanning of the cathode line B 1  (described later). 
     Owing to this charging operation, the inter-element voltage between the luminous elements E 1 , 2  through E 1 , 64  is V×1−Vcc, and therefore no current flows to those elements. 
     Similarly, the inter-element voltage between the luminous elements E 3 , 2  through E 3 , 64  is V×3−Vcc, and therefore no current flows to those elements. 
     The parastic capacitances of the luminous elements at the intersections of the cathode lines B 2  through B 64  which are not scanned and the anodes A 2  and A 4  which are not driven are applied with reverse bias voltage with the aid of the scanning switches  52  through  564 , and are charged with the aid of the shunt switches  72  and  74  through  7256  so that their polarities are as shown in FIG.  1 . 
     Next, before, after the line scanning period, the next line scanning operation is started, an offset voltage application is carried out. 
     More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the scanning switches  51  through  564  are operated to ground all the cathode lines B 1  through B 64 , and the drive switches  61  through  6256  are operated to switch each of the anode lines A 1  through A 256  to the third contact side so as to be connected to the variable voltage sources  81  through  8256 . And all the shunt switches  71  through  7256  are turned off. 
     The offset voltages V 1  through V 256  applied by the variable voltage sources has been set to values (described later) in advance, whereby the parastic capacitances of the luminous elements are charged with positive charges according to the offset voltages V 1  through V 256 . For instance, positive charge is charged in the luminous element E 2 , 2  so that the inter-element voltage be V 3 . This state is as shown in FIG.  3 . Means for determining the offset voltages will be described later. 
     Next, the scanning is shifted to the cathode line B 2  to cause the luminous elements E 2 , 2  and E 3 , 2  to emit light. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. 
     FIG. 4 shows until a steady light emission state (light emission being carried out with a desired instantaneous luminance) after the scanning is switched. FIG. 5 shows the steady light emission state (the inter-element voltages becoming Vcc). 
     As shown in FIG. 4, when the scanning is shifted to the cathode line B 2 , the cathode line B 2  which is scanned is grounded, and the cathode lines B 1 , and B 3  through B 64  which are not scanned are applied with the reverse bias voltage Vcc. And the anode lines A 2  and A 3  which are driven are connected to the constant current sources  22  and  23 , and the anode lines A 1 , and A 4  through A 256  are grounded because the shunt switch  71  is turned on. 
     In this case, the potential V×2 of the anode line A 2  becomes about Vcc+V 2  instantaneously. Therefore, currents from the constant current source  22 , and the luminous elements E 2 , 1 , and E 2 , 3  through E 2 , 256  flow to the luminous element E 2 , 2 , so that its parastic capacitance is quickly charged until the inter-element voltage of the luminous element E 2 , 2  becomes Vcc. 
     Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 5, the flow of currents from the side of the luminous elements E 2 , 1 , and E 2 , 3  through E 2 , 64  is ceased, and a predetermined current I from the constant current source  22  flows to the luminous element E 2 , 2  only. That is, the luminous element is in the steady light emission state. 
     The luminous elements E 2 , 1 , and E 2 , 3  through E 2 , 256 , which are located at the intersections of the anode line A 2  and the cathode lines B 1 , and B 3  through B 64  are maintained charged with positive charge so that the inter-element voltage is V 2  at all the times during the scanning period. 
     Similarly, the potential V×3 of the anode line A 3  becomes about Vcc+V 3  instantaneously. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, currents from the constant current source  23 , and from the side of the luminous elements E 3 , 1 , and E 3 , 3  through E 3 , 256  flow to the luminous element E 3 , 2 , and its parastic capacitance is quickly charged until the inter-element voltage of the luminous element E 3 , 1  becomes Vcc. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 5, the steady light emission state that a predetermined current I from the constant current source  23  flows to the luminous element E 3 , 3  only, is established. 
     Furthermore, similarly, the luminous elements E 3 , 1 , and E 3 , 3  through E 3 , 64  which are located at the intersections of the anode line A 3  and the cathode lines B 1 , and B 3  through B 64  which are not scanned are maintained charged with positive charges at all the times during the scanning period so that the inter-element voltage be V 3 . 
     To the luminous elements (for instance E 1 , 1 ) located at the intersections of the cathode lines B 1 , and B 3  through B 64  which are not scanned and the anode lines A 1 , and A 4  through A 256  which are not driven, being applied with the reverse bias voltage, currents flow in the directions shown in FIG.  4 . Therefore, those luminous elements are charged reversely with charges as shown in FIG.  5 . 
     The luminous elements E 1 , 2  and E 4 , 2  through E 256 , 2  connected at the intersections of the cathode line B 2  which are scanned and the anode lines A 1 , and A 4  through A 256  which are not driven are each grounded at both ends. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, they are discharged, and as shown in FIG. 5 the parastic capacitances are not charged at all. 
     In the state shown in FIG. 5, the potential of the connecting point P of the luminous element E 2 , 2  and the cathode line B 2  corresponds to the drop voltage value which is obtained when currents flowing from the side of the luminous elements E 2 , 2  and E 3 , 2  flow the resistances r 1  and r 2  of the cathode line B 2 . Accordingly, the voltage which is obtained by subtracting the voltage drop from the potential V×2 of the anode line A 2  is applied to the luminous element E 2 , 2 . 
     In the above-described prior art, application of the offset voltage is not carried out, and therefore the potential V×2 of the anode line A 2  is Vcc, and the inter-element voltage of the luminous element E 2 , 2  is lower than Vcc (the charges charged in the parastic capacitance of the luminous element E 2 , 2  is such that the inter-element voltage is lower than Vcc). 
     Therefore, the luminous element E 2 , 2  is not in the steady light emission state. In order to place the luminous element in the steady light emission state, it is necessary to charge the constant current source again. 
     On the other hand, in the case of the invention, the potential V×2 of the anode line A 2  is Vcc+V 2 , and therefore the inter-element voltage of the luminous element E 2 , 2  is higher than that in the case of the prior art (the parastic capacitance of the luminous element E 2 , 2  is charged more than in the case of the prior art). Accordingly, the time required for placing the luminous element in the steady light emission state is shorter). 
     Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the offset voltage is equal to the above-described drop voltage value. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the inter-element voltage of the luminous element E 2 , 2  is quickly raised to Vcc by the flow of currents from the constant current source  22  and from the side of the luminous elements E 2 , 1 , and E 2 , 3  through E 2 , 64 ; that is, the steady light emission state is quickly obtained. 
     Similarly, the offset voltage V 3  is set equal to the drop voltage value which is obtained when the currents from the side of the luminous elements E 2 , 2  and E 3 , 2  to the cathode line B 2  flow the resistances r 1 , r 2  and r 3  of the cathode line. Hence, as shown in FIG. 4, the flowing of currents from the constant current source  22  and the side of the luminous elements E 3 , 1 , and E 3 , 3  through E 3 , 64  raises the inter-element voltage of the luminous element E 3 , 2  to Vcc quickly; that is, the steady light emission state is obtained quickly. The time difference is substantially eliminated which is between the time instants when the luminous elements E 2 , 2  and E 3 , 2  are placed in the steady light emission state. Hence, the light emission is uniform in the panel. 
     In the embodiment, in order to apply the offset voltages V 1  through V 256  which are set to suitable values, the anode lines A 1  through A 256  are made connectable to the variable voltage sources  81  through  8256 ; however, it is preferable that the offset voltages are set according to the state of light emission of the luminous elements on the cathode line which is scanned. This is because, depending on which of the luminous elements connected to the cathode line which is scanned, amounts of currents flowing in the resistors r 1  through r 256  are determined, as a result of which drop voltage values at the resistors r 1  through r 256  are determined. Accordingly, the embodiment needs a means which obtains the light emission state data of the luminous elements connected to the cathode line which is scanned next in advance, and operates them thereby to determine the offset voltages V 1  through V 256 , and a means which controls the variable voltage sources  81  through  8256  to apply the offset voltages V 1  through V 256 . 
     In the above-described embodiment, the means for applying the offset voltages V 1  through V 256  are the variable voltage sources  81  through  8256 ; however, the latter may be replaced with constant voltage sources which provide predetermined voltages. In this case, it is impossible to change the offset voltages V 1  through V 256  according to the change in light emission state of the luminous elements, and therefore it is also impossible to compensate the drop voltages completely. However, in this case, when compared with the prior art, the steady light emission state is obtained quickly, and the panel light emission is improved in light emission uniformity. 
     It is necessary that the offset voltages V 1  through V 256  are so set that V 1  is minimum and V 256  is maximum—the offset voltages may be increased gradually increased towards V 256  (for instance V 1 &lt;V 2 &lt; - - - &lt;V 256 ). And the offset voltages in a certain range may be equal to one another (for instance V 1 = - - - V 50 &lt;V 51 =V 100 &lt; - - - ). 
     Furthermore, no offset voltages may be applied to the luminous elements which are less affected by the resistance of the cathode line which is located near the scanning switches  51  through  564 , and the offset voltages are applied only to the luminous elements which are greatly affected by the resistance of the cathode line which is located away from the scanning switches  51  through  564 . 
     As was described above, in the luminous display and its driving method according to the invention, the fluctuation in the light emission start time of all the luminous elements which is due to the resistances of the cathode lines is minimized. Therefore, all the luminous elements are substantially uniform in luminescence; that is, the luminous display and its driving method of the invention is advantageous in that the operator is able to observe the display with ease.