Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to a pre-5 th -Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4 th -Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A method for operating a terminal in a wireless communication system comprises transmitting, to a base station, at least one reference signal through at least one first transmission beam and if ACK information for the at least one reference signal is received from the base station, transmitting, to the base station, the at least one reference signal through at least one second transmission beam. A width of the at least one second transmission beam is greater than a width of the at least one first transmission beam.

Description:
PRIORITY 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation application of prior application Ser. No. 15/262,796, filed on Sep. 12, 2016, which is a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 13/569,550, filed on Aug. 8, 2012, which will issue as U.S. Pat. No. 9,450,661 on Sep. 20, 2016 and claimed the benefit under 35 U.S.C §119(a) of a Korean patent application filed on Aug. 11, 2011 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office and assigned Serial number 10-2011-0080062, the entire disclosure of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for tracking a beam in a wireless communication system. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased since deployment of 4 th  generation (4G) communication systems, efforts have been made to develop an improved 5 th  generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system. Therefore, the 5G or pre-5G communication system is also called a ‘Beyond 4G Network’ or a ‘Post Long Term Evolution (LTE) System’. 
         [0006]    The 5G communication system is considered to be implemented in higher frequency (mmWave) bands, e.g., 28 GHz or 60 GHz bands, so as to accomplish higher data rates. To decrease propagation loss of the radio waves and increase the transmission distance, the beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, an analog beam forming, large scale antenna techniques are discussed in 5G communication systems. 
         [0007]    In addition, in 5G communication systems, development for system network improvement is under way based on advanced small cells, cloud Radio Access Networks (RANs), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, moving network, cooperative communication, Coordinated Multi-Points (CoMP), reception-end interference cancellation and the like. 
         [0008]    In the 5G system, Hybrid frequency shift keying (FSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) as an advanced coding modulation (ACM), and filter bank multi carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as an advanced access technology have been developed. 
         [0009]    Wireless communication systems have developed in a direction for supporting a higher data transmission rate in order to meet continuously increasing wireless data traffic demand. Recently, 4G wireless systems have been pursued as a technology for improving a spectral efficiency generally in order to increase a data transmission rate. However, it is difficult to meet an explosively increasing wireless data traffic demand using only such a spectral efficiency improvement technology. 
         [0010]    In order to address the increasing demand, a very wide frequency band may be used. Yet, since it is very difficult to secure a wide frequency band in a frequency band that is less than 10 GHz and is currently in use, a higher frequency band needs to be secured. However, as a transmission frequency for wireless communication is increased, the distance of reach, i.e., the range, of a radio wave gets relatively short, and there is a reduction of coverage area. In order to increase the distance of reach of the radio wave, a beam-forming technology may be used. 
         [0011]    Generally, transmission beam-forming is a method for concentrating a region of propagation or transmission of a radio wave in a specific direction using a plurality of antennas. A plurality of antennas which are arranged together is referred to as an antenna array, and an antenna included in the antenna array is referred to as an array element. When transmission beam-forming is used, a transmission distance of a signal may be increased, and since the signal is generally not transmitted in other directions except for a relevant direction, interference from other user signals may be reduced significantly. 
         [0012]    Meanwhile, a reception side, or a receiver, may perform reception beam-forming using a reception antenna array. Reception beam-forming also concentrates reception of a radio wave in a specific direction to increase a gain of a signal entering the receiver from a relevant direction and may exclude a signal entering from other directions except for the relevant direction, thereby excluding interfering signals. To perform basic beam-forming, a technology for allowing a base station and a terminal to efficiently select a transmission and/or reception beam is required. In addition, if a beam is not correctly set due to a specific error during a transmission and/or reception beam setting process, then spectral efficiency deterioration may occur. Accordingly, a base station should be allowed to control an error state and a stable beam tracking method should be provided. 
         [0013]    Therefore, a beam tracking method and an apparatus thereof, for efficiently selecting a transmission and/or reception beam-forming in a wireless communication system are required. 
         [0014]    The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the present invention. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0015]    Aspects of the present invention are to address at least the above-mentioned problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below. Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for efficiently tracking a beam in a wireless communication system. 
         [0016]    In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, a method for tracking a beam by a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving a plurality of downlink reference signals from a base station to determine at least one downlink transmission beam pattern, transmitting, to the base station, a plurality of uplink reference signals, each having identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern to the base station, and receiving, from the base station, ACKnowledgement (ACK) information indicating that an identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has been successfully received in the base station from among identifier information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern and the plurality of uplink reference signals. 
         [0017]    In the embodiment, a wide beam pattern or a previously received at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is used as the downlink transmission beam pattern upon receiving at least one of the first NACK information and the second NACK information indicating that the base station has not successfully detected the identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern. 
         [0018]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for tracking a beam by a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting a plurality of downlink reference signals to a terminal, receiving, from the terminal, a plurality of uplink reference signals, each having identifier information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern determined by the terminal from the terminal according to the plurality of downlink reference signals, and transmitting ACK information indicating that identifier information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern determined according to the plurality of uplink reference signals and an identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern have been successfully received. 
         [0019]    In the embodiment, a wide beam pattern or a previously received at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is used as the downlink transmission beam pattern upon receiving at least one of the first NACK information and the second NACK information indicating that the base station has not successfully detected the identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern. 
         [0020]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for tracking a beam by a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving, from a base station, a plurality of downlink reference signals to determine at least one downlink transmission beam pattern, transmitting, to the base station, identifier information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission pattern using the determined at least one uplink transmission beam pattern, and receiving ACK information from the base station upon the base station successfully receiving the identifier information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern. 
         [0021]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for tracking a beam by a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting a plurality of downlink reference signals to a terminal, receiving, from the terminal, identifier information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern determined by the terminal according to the plurality of downlink reference signals, and transmitting ACK information to the terminal when an identifier corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is successfully received. 
         [0022]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for tracking a beam by a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting a plurality of uplink reference signals to a base station, receiving, from the base station, identifier information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern according to the plurality of uplink reference signals, and transmitting ACK or Negative ACKnowledgement (NACK) according to whether the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern is received. 
         [0023]    In the embodiment, the method further comprises retransmitting a plurality of uplink reference signals to the base station upon the base station not successfully detecting index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern and re-receiving the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern from the base station according to the plurality of uplink reference signals. 
         [0024]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for tracking a beam by a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving a plurality of uplink reference signals from a terminal, transmitting, to the terminal, identifier information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern according to the plurality of uplink reference signals, and receiving ACK or NACK according to whether the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern is received. 
         [0025]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for tracking a beam by a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes a controller for receiving, from a base station, a plurality of downlink reference signals from a base station to determine at least one downlink transmission beam pattern, a transmitter for transmitting, to the base station, a plurality of uplink reference signals, each having identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern, and a receiver for receiving, from the base station, ACK information indicating that an identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has been successfully received at the base station from among identifier information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern and the plurality of uplink reference signals. 
         [0026]    In the embodiment, the transmitter further transmits ACK information to the base station upon successfully detecting the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern, and transmits Negative ACKnowledgement (NACK) information to the base station upon not successfully detecting the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern. 
         [0027]    In the embodiment, the controller further successfully detects the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern, and the receiver re-receives, from the base station, the identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern according to a plurality of previous uplink transmission beam patterns upon receiving Negative ACKnowledgement (NACK) information indicating that the base station has not successfully received the identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern from among the plurality of uplink reference signals. 
         [0028]    In the embodiment, the transmitter further retransmits, to the base station, a plurality of uplink reference signals comprising identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern upon not successfully detecting the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern and upon receiving Negative ACKnowledgement (NACK) information indicating that the base station has not successfully received the identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern from among the plurality of uplink reference signals, and the receiver re-receives ACK information indicating that the base station has successfully received the identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern from among the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern and the plurality of uplink reference signals. 
         [0029]    In the embodiment, the controller further uses a wide beam pattern or a previously received at least one downlink transmission beam pattern as the downlink transmission beam pattern upon receiving the NACK information indicating that the base station has not successfully received the identifier corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern from among the plurality of uplink reference signals. 
         [0030]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for tracking a beam by a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes a transmitter for transmitting a plurality of downlink reference signals to a terminal, and a receiver for receiving, from the terminal, a plurality of uplink reference signals, each having identifier information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern determined by the terminal according to the plurality of downlink reference signals, wherein the transmitter transmits ACK information indicating that both identifier information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern determined according to the plurality of uplink reference signals and an identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern have been successfully received. 
         [0031]    In the embodiment, the receiver further receives ACK information from the terminal upon the terminal successfully detecting the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern, and the transmitter receives Negative ACKnowledgement (NACK) information from the terminal upon the terminal not successfully detecting the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern. 
         [0032]    In the embodiment, the transmitter further retransmits the identifier corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern to the terminal upon successfully detecting the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern and upon transmitting Negative ACKnowledgement (NACK) information indicating that the identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has not been successfully received. 
         [0033]    In the embodiment, the receiver further re-receives a plurality of uplink reference signals comprising identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern upon not successfully detecting the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern and upon transmitting Negative ACKnowledgement (NACK) information indicating that the identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has not been successfully received, and wherein the transmitter retransmits, to the terminal, ACK information indicating that the identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has been successfully received and retransmits the plurality of uplink reference signals to the terminal. 
         [0034]    In the embodiment, a wide beam pattern or a previously received at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is used as the downlink transmission beam pattern upon receiving NACK information indicating that the identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has not been successfully received. 
         [0035]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for tracking a beam by a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes a controller for receiving, from a base station, a plurality of downlink reference signals to determine at least one downlink transmission beam pattern, a transmitter for transmitting, to the base station, identifier information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission pattern, and a receiver for receiving ACK information from the base station upon the base station successfully receiving the identifier information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern. 
         [0036]    In the embodiment, the transmitter further retransmits the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern to the base station using the determined at least one uplink transmission beam pattern upon not successfully receiving the identifier information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission pattern at the base station. 
         [0037]    In the embodiment, the transmitter further transmits a plurality of uplink reference signals to the base station upon the base station not successfully receiving the identifier information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern, wherein the receiver receives, from the base station, identifier information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern, and transmits an ACK or a Negative ACKnowledgement (NACK) according to whether the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern is received. 
         [0038]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for tracking a beam by a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes a transmitter for transmitting a plurality of downlink reference signals to a terminal, and a receiver for receiving, from the terminal, identifier information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern determined by the terminal according to the plurality of downlink reference signals, wherein the transmitter transmits ACK information to the terminal upon successfully receiving an identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern. 
         [0039]    In accordance with aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for tracking a beam by a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes a transmitter for transmitting a plurality of uplink reference signals to a base station, and a receiver for receiving, from the base station, identifier information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern according to the plurality of uplink reference signals, wherein the transmitter transmits an ACK or a NACK according to whether the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern is received. 
         [0040]    In the embodiment, the transmitter further retransmits a plurality of uplink reference signals to the base station upon the base station not successfully detecting the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern, and wherein the receiver re-receives, from the base station, the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern according to the plurality of uplink reference signals. 
         [0041]    In the embodiment, the controller further receives a plurality of downlink reference signals from the base station to determine at least one downlink transmission beam pattern upon the base station not successfully detecting the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern, 
         [0042]    In the embodiment, the transmitter further transmits, to the base station, identifier information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission pattern, and transmits, to the base station, a plurality of uplink reference signals, and the receiver receives, from the base station, the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern according to the plurality of uplink reference signals. 
         [0043]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for tracking a beam by a base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes a receiver for receiving a plurality of uplink reference signals from a terminal, and a transmitter for transmitting, to the terminal, identifier information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern according to the plurality of uplink reference signals, wherein the receiver receives an ACK or a NACK according to whether the identifier information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern is received. 
         [0044]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a method for operating a terminal in a wireless communication system comprises transmitting, to a base station, at least one reference signal through at least one first transmission beam and if ACK information for the at least one reference signal is received from the base station, transmitting, to the base station, the at least one reference signal through at least one second transmission beam. A width of the at least one second transmission beam is greater than a width of the at least one first transmission beam. 
         [0045]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for a base station in a wireless communication system comprises a transceiver configured to receive, from a terminal, at least one reference signal through at least one first reception beam and if ACK information for the at least one reference signal is transmitted to the terminal, receive, from the terminal, the at least one reference signal through at least one second reception beam. A width of the at least one second reception beam is greater than a wider than the at least one first reception beam. 
         [0046]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for a terminal in a wireless communication system comprises a transceiver configured to transmit, to a base station, at least one reference signal through at least one first transmission beam, and if ACK information for the at least one reference signal is received from the base station, transmit, to the base station, the at least one reference signal through at least one second transmission beam. A width of the at least one second transmission beam is greater than a width of the at least one first transmission beam. 
         [0047]    Other aspects, advantages and salient features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0048]    The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0049]      FIG. 1  illustrates a procedure for simultaneously performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0050]      FIG. 2  illustrates a procedure for setting a downlink beam in case of performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink, respectively, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0051]      FIG. 3  illustrates a procedure for setting an uplink beam in case of performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink, respectively, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0052]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a terminal performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0053]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a base station performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0054]      FIGS. 6A and 6B  illustrate a transmission/reception beam pattern between a base station and a terminal according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0055]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for setting a beam for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0056]      FIG. 8  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a terminal performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0057]      FIG. 9  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a base station performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; 
           [0058]      FIG. 10  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a terminal performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0059]      FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a base station performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
       [0060]    Throughout the drawings, like reference numerals will be understood to refer to like parts, components and structures. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
       [0061]    The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of exemplary embodiments of the invention as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted for clarity and conciseness. 
         [0062]    The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but, are merely used by the inventor to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the invention. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention are provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. 
         [0063]    It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a component surface” includes reference to one or more of such surfaces. 
         [0064]    Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for tracking a beam in a wireless communication system. 
         [0065]    Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments describe beam tracking methods for three methods. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and other similar apparatuses and methods for tracking a beam in a wireless communication system according to the present invention may be used. A first method is for simultaneously performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink. A second method is for setting a downlink beam in case of respectively performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink. In this case, it is assumed that a terminal knows of Q optimized uplink transmission beams and a base station knows of one or more optimized uplink reception beams. A third method is for setting an uplink beam in case of respectively performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink. In this case, it is assumed that a base station knows of P optimized downlink transmission beams and a terminal knows of one or more optimized downlink reception beams. 
         [0066]      FIG. 1  illustrates a procedure for simultaneously performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0067]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a base station repeatedly transmits a downlink reference signal, DL reference, N times so that a terminal, which may also be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS) may select one or more optimized downlink transmission and/or reception beams in step  100 . Here, N=(Ntx×Nrx), wherein Ntx denotes a number of transmission beams whose direction is changed and transmitted by the base station, and Nrx denotes a number of times for which the base station repeatedly transmits a specific transmission beam for selecting a reception beam of the terminal. Ntx and Nrx are changeable system information values of which the base station may inform terminals via a broadcast channel, or any other suitable means of informing the terminals. The downlink reference signal may be a signal that may measure quality of a signal, such as a synchronization signal, a preamble signal, a pilot signal, or any other similar signal. For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 6A , when the base station can is able to generate K transmission beam patterns and the terminal is able to generate L reception beam patterns, the base station should transmit a total of K*L downlink reference signals to the terminal during a specific time period. 
         [0068]    Meanwhile, the terminal that has repeatedly received the downlink reference signal N times measures and selects P optimized downlink transmission/reception beam pairs via the downlink reference signal. For example, in  FIG. 6A , the terminal may select one or more downlink transmission/reception beam pairs from among a total of N*N transmission/reception beam pairs. In  FIG. 6A , a transmission beam #3 of the base station and a reception beam #3 of the terminal may become an optimized downlink transmission/reception beam pair. 
         [0069]    After that, the terminal repeatedly transmits an uplink reference signal, UL Reference, including P optimized downlink transmission beam index information to the base station a total of M times in step  102 . For example, a sequence corresponding to the reference signal may be mapped to the downlink transmission beam index information. 
         [0070]    Here, M=(Mtx×Mrx), wherein Mtx denotes a number of transmission beams whose direction is changed and transmitted by the terminal, and Mrx denotes a number of times which the terminal repeatedly transmits a specific transmission beam for selecting a reception beam of the base station. Mtx and Mrx are changeable system information values of which the base station may inform terminals via a broadcast channel, or any other suitable means of informing the terminal. In addition, assuming downlink/uplink channel reciprocity, Mtx may be set to 1. The uplink reference signal denotes a signal that may measure quality of a signal, such as an access signal, a sounding signal, a pilot signal, or any other similar signal. For example, as shown in  FIG. 6B , when the terminal is able to generate L transmission beam patterns and the base station is able to generate K reception beam patterns, the terminal should transmit N*N uplink reference signals to the base station during a specific time period. 
         [0071]    According to an implementation, the number of transmission beam patterns and the number of reception beam patterns of the base station may be the same or different from each other. Likewise, the number of transmission beam patterns and the number of reception beam patterns of the terminal may be the same or different from each other. 
         [0072]    Meanwhile, when transmitting the uplink reference signal in step  102 , the terminal may control the direction, width, and other similar physical characteristics, of the uplink transmission beam according to an ACKnowledgement/Negative ACKnowledgement (ACK/NACK) response that is transmitted previously by the base station in step  104 . For example, when an ACK response is received from the base station in response to the uplink reference signal transmitted immediately previously by the terminal, then the terminal may transmit the uplink reference signal using a narrow beam having a narrower width than an optimized uplink transmission beam width that was fed back immediately previously by the base station. When a NACK response is received in response to the uplink reference signal transmitted immediately previously by the terminal, the terminal may transmit the uplink reference signal using a wide beam that was used for initial transmission. 
         [0073]    The base station measures and selects Q optimized uplink transmission/reception beam pairs via the uplink reference signal transmitted by the terminal in step  104 . In addition, the base station detects or decodes an optimized downlink transmission beam index included in the uplink reference signal. That is, the uplink reference signal may include a sequence corresponding to a downlink transmission beam index or a message to which a separate CRC has been attached. 
         [0074]    In addition, when the base station successfully obtains P optimized downlink transmission beams and successfully detects or measures Q optimized uplink transmission beams in step  104 , then the base station transmits Q optimized uplink transmission beam indexes and transmits ACK information to the terminal via one or more optimized downlink transmission beams. Here, the ACK information is transmitted as a response to successfully receiving P optimized downlink transmission beams transmitted via the uplink reference signal. 
         [0075]    When the base station fails to receive the P optimized downlink transmission beams and successfully detects the Q optimized uplink transmission beams in step  104 , then the base station transmits Q optimized uplink transmission beam indexes and transmits NACK information to the terminal. Also, the base station may command the terminal to transmit again P optimized downlink transmission beam indexes based on the previously received Q optimized uplink transmission beams. 
         [0076]    Alternatively, when the base station fails to receive the P optimized downlink transmission beams and also fails to detect the Q optimized uplink transmission beams in step  104 , then the base station may command the terminal to both transmit NACK information and perform step  102  again. Alternatively, the terminal may perform operations from step  102  according to a specific timer without the command of the base station. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the terminal may perform operations of step  102  according to any suitable reason. Furthermore, depending on implementation, the ACK/NACK transmission may be omitted in step  104 . 
         [0077]    Meanwhile, since the base station cannot know P optimized downlink transmission beams transmitted by the terminal at a time point when transmitting NACK, the base station may use a wide beam or the P optimized downlink transmission beams according to a previous successful reception. Assuming channel reciprocity for downlink/uplink, the base station may infer a downlink transmission beam instead of not detecting a downlink transmission beam by using one or more optimized uplink reception beams in a limited way. After that, when the terminal successfully receives Q optimized uplink transmission beam indexes transmitted by the base station via the ACK/NACK in step  106 , then the terminal stores and updates a value thereof and transmits an ACK signal to the base station. 
         [0078]    When the terminal fails to receive the Q optimized uplink transmission beam indexes transmitted by the base station, then the terminal transmits a NACK signal in the case where the terminal recognizes the failure or does not send any signal. In case of transmitting the NACK, since the terminal cannot know the Q optimized uplink transmission beams transmitted by the base station at such a time point, then the terminal may use a wide beam or Q optimized uplink transmission beams that were previously successfully received. Assuming channel reciprocity for downlink/uplink, the terminal may use one or more optimized uplink reception beams. In addition, when the base station determines that an ACK/NACK transmitted by the terminal is a NACK in step  106 , then the base station may command the terminal to repeat operations from step  104 . 
         [0079]      FIG. 2  illustrates a procedure for setting a downlink beam in case of performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink, respectively, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0080]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , a base station repeatedly transmits a downlink reference signal, DL Reference, N times so that a terminal may select one or more optimized downlink transmission/reception beams in step  200 . Here, N=(Ntx×Nrx), wherein Ntx denotes a number of transmission beams whose direction is changed and transmitted by the base station, and Nrx denotes a number of times in which the base station repeatedly transmits a specific transmission beam for selecting a reception beam of the terminal. Ntx and Nrx are changeable system information values of which the base station may inform terminals via a broadcast channel, or other similar channels. The downlink reference signal may be a signal that can measure quality of a signal, such as a synchronization signal, a preamble signal, a pilot signal, or other similar signals. 
         [0081]    At this point, the terminal, which may also be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), measures and selects P optimized downlink transmission/reception beam pairs via a downlink reference signal in step  200 . After that, the terminal transmits P optimized downlink transmission beam information to the base station via one or more predetermined uplink transmission beams in step  202 . At this point, the base station detects or decodes the P optimized downlink transmission beam information. After that, when succeeding in obtaining the P optimized downlink transmission beam information, the base station transmits an ACK signal to the terminal in step  204 . 
         [0082]    When failing to obtain the P optimized downlink transmission beam information, the base station transmits a NACK signal to the terminal and requests the terminal to re-transmit the P optimized downlink transmission beam information, i.e., the terminal proceeds to step  202 . According to another exemplary embodiment, when failing to obtain the P optimized downlink transmission beam information, the base station may transmit a NACK signal to the terminal, and perform steps  102  to  106  of  FIG. 1 . According to another exemplary embodiment, the base station may perform the operations of  FIG. 3 , as discussed below, and then perform steps  200  to  204  of  FIG. 2 . 
         [0083]      FIG. 3  illustrates a procedure for setting an uplink beam in case of respectively performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0084]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , a terminal repeatedly transmits an uplink reference signal, UL Reference, to a base station N times in step  300 . Here, M=(Mtx×Mrx, wherein Mtx denotes the number of transmission beams whose direction is changed and transmitted by the terminal, and Mrx denotes the number of times which the terminal repeatedly transmits a specific transmission beam for selecting a reception beam of the base station. Mtx and Mrx are changeable system information values of which the base station may inform terminals via a broadcast channel, or any other suitable channel. In addition, assuming downlink/uplink channel reciprocity, Mtx may be set to 1. The uplink reference signal denotes a signal that may measure quality of a signal, such as an access signal, a sounding signal, a pilot signal, or any other similar channel. 
         [0085]    When transmitting an uplink reference signal, the terminal may control the direction, the width, or other similar physical characteristics, of an uplink transmission beam based on an ACK/NACK response transmitted by the base station in  FIG. 2 . For example, in the case where an ACK response is received in response to a beam index feedback signal transmitted by the terminal during a previous downlink beam tracking process, i.e., step  204  of  FIG. 2 , the terminal may transmit an uplink reference signal using a beam having a smaller width and a fine and improved gain based on an optimized uplink transmission beam fed back by a base station during a previous uplink beam tracking process. In the case where the NACK response is received in response to a beam index feedback signal transmitted by the terminal during a previous downlink beam tracking process, i.e., step  204  of  FIG. 2 , the terminal may transmit an uplink reference signal using a beam having a wide width that is used for an initial transmission. 
         [0086]    At this point, the base station measures and selects Q optimized uplink transmission/reception beam pairs via an uplink reference signal. After that, when succeeding in measuring the Q optimized uplink transmission/reception beams in step  300 , the base station transmits Q optimized uplink transmission beam information together with ACK information to a terminal using one or more optimized downlink transmission beams in step  302 . When failing to measure the Q optimized uplink transmission/reception beams, that is, in the case where a size of the uplink reference signal cannot exceed a predetermined specific threshold, in step  300 , then the base station may command the terminal to perform step  300  again together with transmitting the NACK information. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and ACK/NACK information transmission may be omitted. 
         [0087]    After that, when successfully receiving the Q optimized uplink transmission beam information transmitted by the base station, the terminal stores and updates a value thereof and sends an ACK signal to the base station in step  304 . When failing to receive the Q optimized uplink transmission beam information, the terminal sends a NACK signal in the case where the terminal recognizes the failure or does not send any signal. At this point, when receiving the NACK signal sent from the terminal or when the base station determines a NACK was sent, the base station proceeds to step  302  to re-perform subsequent steps. According to an exemplary embodiment, when receiving a NACK response from the terminal or when the base station determines the NACK was sent, the base station performs steps  200  to  204  of  FIG. 2 , and then performs steps  300  to  304  of  FIG. 3 . 
         [0088]      FIG. 4  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a terminal performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0089]    Referring to  FIG. 4 , a terminal receives a downlink reference signal from a base station N times in step  400 . Here, N=(Ntx×Nrx), wherein Ntx denotes a number of transmission beams whose direction is changed and transmitted by the base station, and Nrx denotes a number of times for which the base station repeatedly transmits a specific transmission beam for selecting a reception beam of the terminal. Ntx and Nrx are changeable system information values of which the base station may inform terminals via a broadcast channel, or another similar channel. The downlink reference signal may be a signal that may measure quality of a signal, such as a synchronization signal, a preamble signal, a pilot signal, or other similar signal. 
         [0090]    For example, as in  FIG. 6A , when the base station is able to generate K transmission beam patterns and the terminal is able to generate L reception beam patterns, the base station may transmit a total of K*L downlink reference signals to the terminal during a specific time section. After that, the terminal that has received the downlink reference signal N times measures and selects P optimized downlink transmission/reception beam pairs via the downlink reference signal in step  402 . For example, in  FIG. 6A , the terminal may select at least one downlink transmission/reception beam pair from among N*N transmission/reception beam pairs. In  FIG. 6A , a transmission beam #3 of the base station and a reception beam #3 of the terminal may become an optimized downlink transmission/reception beam pair. 
         [0091]    After that, the terminal repeatedly transmits an uplink reference signal that includes P optimized transmission beam index information to the base station M times in step  404 . For example, a sequence corresponding to the reference signal may be mapped to transmission beam index information. Here, M=(Mtx×Mrx), Mtx denotes the number of transmission beams whose direction is changed and transmitted by the terminal, and Mrx denotes the number of times for which the terminal repeatedly transmits a specific transmission beam for selecting a reception beam of the base station. Mtx and Mrx are changeable system information values of which the base station may inform terminals via a broadcast channel, or other similar channels. In addition, assuming downlink/uplink channel reciprocity, Mtx may be set to 1. The uplink reference signal denotes a signal that may measure quality of a signal, such as an access signal, a sounding signal, a pilot signal, or any other suitable signal. 
         [0092]    For example, as shown in  FIG. 6B , when the terminal is able to generate L transmission beam patterns and the base station is able to generate K reception beam patterns, the terminal may transmit a total of K*L uplink reference signals to the base station during a specific time section. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a number of transmission beam patterns and a number of reception beam patterns of the base station may be the same or different from each other. Likewise, the number of transmission beam patterns and the number of reception beam patterns of the terminal may be the same or different from each other. 
         [0093]    Meanwhile, when transmitting the uplink reference signal, the terminal may control the direction, width, or other similar physical characteristics of the uplink transmission beam according to an ACK/NACK response transmitted previously by the base station. For example, when an ACK response is received from the base station in response to the uplink reference signal transmitted immediately previously by the terminal, the terminal may transmit the uplink reference signal using a narrow beam having a narrower width than an optimized uplink transmission beam width that was fed back immediately previously by the base station. When a NACK response is received in response to the uplink reference signal transmitted immediately previously by the terminal, the terminal may transmit the uplink reference signal using a wide beam used for initial transmission. 
         [0094]    After that, when an optimized downlink transmission beam index that is included in the uplink reference signal is successfully detected by the base station and Q uplink transmission beams are successfully detected according to the uplink reference signal in step  406 , then the terminal proceeds to step  408  to receive Q uplink transmission beam indexes from the base station. When the reception of P optimized downlink transmission beams by the base station fails and the detection of the Q optimized uplink transmission beams also fails in step  406 , then the terminal proceeds to step  404  to re-transmit an uplink reference signal including P optimized transmission beam index information to the base station M times. In another implementation, when the reception of the P optimized downlink transmission beams by the base station fails and the detection of the Q optimized uplink transmission beams also fails in step  406 , then the terminal proceeds to step  400  to receive and process a downlink reference signal again. 
         [0095]    According to an exemplary embodiment, when the reception of P optimized downlink transmission beams by the base station fails and the Q optimized uplink transmission beams are successfully detected, then the terminal re-transmits P optimized downlink transmission beam indexes to the base station according to the previous Q optimized uplink transmission beams. After that, when successfully receiving Q optimized uplink transmission beam indexes transmitted by the base station in step  410 , the terminal proceeds to step  412  to store and update a value thereof and sends an ACK signal to the base station. Furthermore, when failing to receive the Q optimized uplink transmission beam indexes transmitted by the base station, the terminal proceeds to step  408  to transmit an NACK signal, such as in the case where the terminal recognizes the failure or does not send any signal. At this point, the terminal proceeds to step  406  to re-request the base station to transmit Q optimized uplink transmission beam indexes and receive the same. 
         [0096]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a base station performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0097]    Referring to  FIG. 5 , the base station repeatedly transmits a downlink reference signal N times so that a terminal may select one or more optimized downlink transmission/reception beams in step  500 . Here, N=(Ntx×Nrx), wherein Ntx denotes a number of transmission beams whose direction is changed and transmitted by the base station, and Nrx denotes a number of times which the base station repeatedly transmits a specific transmission beam for selecting a reception beam of the terminal. Ntx and Nrx are changeable system information values of which the base station may inform terminals via a broadcast channel, or any other similar channel. The downlink reference signal may be a signal that may measure quality of a signal, such as a synchronization signal, a preamble signal, a pilot signal, or any other similar signal. 
         [0098]    For example, as illustrated in  FIG. 6A , when the base station is able to generate K transmission beam patterns and the terminal is able to generate L reception beam patterns, the base station may transmit K*L downlink reference signals in total to the terminal during a specific time section. 
         [0099]    After that, the base station receives an uplink reference signal, including P optimized transmission beam index information, from the terminal over M times to measure and select Q optimized uplink transmission/reception beam pairs via an uplink reference signal that is transmitted by the terminal in step  502 . For example, a sequence corresponding to the reference signal may be mapped to the transmission beam index information. Here, M=(Mtx×Mrx), wherein Mtx denotes the number of transmission beams whose direction is changed and transmitted by the terminal, and Mrx denotes the number of times for which the terminal repeatedly transmits a specific transmission beam for selecting a reception beam of the base station. Mtx and Mrx are changeable system information values of which the base station may inform terminals via a broadcast channel, or other similar channel. In addition, assuming downlink/uplink channel reciprocity, Mtx may be set to 1. The uplink reference signal denotes a signal that may measure quality of a signal, such as an access signal, a sounding signal, a pilot signal, or other similar signal. 
         [0100]    For example, as shown in  FIG. 6B , when the terminal is able to generate K transmission beam patterns and the base station is able to generate L reception beam patterns, the terminal should transmit K*L uplink reference signals to the base station during a specific time section. According to an exemplary embodiment, the number of transmission beam patterns and the number of reception beam patterns of the base station may be the same or different from each other. Likewise, the number of transmission beam patterns and the number of reception beam patterns of the terminal may be the same or different from each other. 
         [0101]    After that, the base station determines whether Q optimized uplink transmission beams are successfully detected in step  504 . After the Q optimized uplink transmission beams are successfully detected, the base station determines whether P optimized downlink transmission beams are successfully detected. When the P optimized downlink transmission beams are successfully detected, the base station proceeds to step  508  to transmit Q optimized uplink transmission beam indexes and to transmit ACK information to the terminal via one or more optimized downlink transmission beams. Here, the ACK information is in response to successfully receiving P optimized downlink transmission beams transmitted via the uplink reference signal. 
         [0102]    When failing to receive the P optimized downlink transmission beams and successfully detecting the Q optimized uplink transmission beams in step  506 , the base station proceeds to step  510  to transmit the Q optimized uplink transmission beam indexes and NACK information to the terminal. Also, the base station may command the terminal to re-transmit the P optimized downlink transmission beam indexes to the terminal according to the previously received Q optimized uplink transmission beams. 
         [0103]    Alternatively, when failing to receive the P optimized downlink transmission beams in step  506  and also failing to detect the Q optimized uplink transmission beam in step  504 , then the base station proceeds to step  502  to re-receive, for M times, an uplink reference signal including P optimized transmission beam index information from the terminal to measure and select Q optimized uplink transmission/reception beam pairs via an uplink reference signal transmitted by the terminal. According to an exemplary embodiment, when failing to receive the P optimized downlink transmission beams in step  506  and also failing to detect the Q optimized uplink transmission beam in step  504 , the base station proceeds to step  500  to restart from the downlink reference signal transmission step. 
         [0104]    After that, when successfully receiving Q optimized uplink transmission beam indexes transmitted by the terminal in step  512 , the base station ends the procedure of the present invention. When failing to receive the Q optimized uplink transmission beam indexes transmitted by the terminal, the base station proceeds to step  508  to retransmit Q uplink transmission beam indexes to the terminal. 
         [0105]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for setting a beam for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0106]    Referring to  FIG. 7 , a terminal includes a controller  700 , a receiver  702 , and a transmitter  704 . Likewise, a base station includes a controller  710 , a receiver  714 , and a transmitter  712 . The receivers  702  and  714  perform baseband signal-processing on a Radio Frequency (RF) signal received via a plurality of antennas. 
         [0107]    For example, in case of using an OFDM scheme, the receiver converts an analog signal into sample data, and performs a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the sample data to transform the sample data into data in a frequency domain, and selects data of subcarriers, which the receiver actually desires, to receive from the data in the frequency domain, and outputs the same. In addition, the receiver demodulates and decodes the data according to a predetermined Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) level to provide the decoded data to the controller  700  and  710 . For another example, in case of using a CDMA scheme, the receiver  702  and  714  may channel-decode and despread the data. 
         [0108]    The transmitters  704  and  712  convert baseband signal into an RF signal and transmits the RF signal. For example, the transmitters  704  and  712  encode and modulate data respectively received from the controllers  700  and  710  according to a predetermined MCS level. In addition, the transmitters  704  and  714  perform Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on a modulated symbol to output sample data, such as an OFDM symbol, converts the sample data into an analog signal, converts the analog signal into an RF signal, and outputs the RF signal via an antenna. For another example, the transmitter  704  and  712  may channel-code and spread data to be transmitted. 
         [0109]    In the above configuration, the controllers  700  and  710  may serve as protocol controllers. The controller  700  controls an overall operation of the terminal. The controller  710  controls an overall operation of the base station. In addition, the controllers  700  and  710  receive required information from relevant portions of a physical layer while performing a protocol process, or generate a control signal for the relevant portion of the physical layer. In addition, the controllers  700  and  710  determine beam tracking and transmission/reception beam-forming patterns. That is, the controllers  700  and  710  control the operation of the terminal and the base station, as described in  FIGS. 1 to 3 . 
         [0110]    For example, according to an exemplary embodiment, the controller  700  of the terminal receives a plurality of downlink reference signals from the base station to determine at least one downlink transmission beam pattern, transmits a plurality of uplink reference signals including index information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern to the base station, and receives ACK information indicating that an index corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has been successfully received in the base station from index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern and the plurality of uplink reference signals from the base station. 
         [0111]    In addition, when successfully detecting index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern, as received from the base station, the controller  700  of the terminal transmits ACK information to the base station. When not successfully detecting the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern, as received from the base station, the controller  700  of the terminal transmits NACK information to the base station. When successfully detecting index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern and receiving NACK information indicating that an index corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has not been successfully received in the base station from the plurality of uplink reference signals, the controller  700  of the terminal re-receives an index corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern from the base station based on a plurality of previous uplink transmission beam patterns. 
         [0112]    Meanwhile, when not successfully detecting index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern from the base station and receiving NACK information indicating that an index corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has not been successfully received in the base station from the plurality of uplink reference signals, the controller  700  of the terminal retransmits, to the base station, a plurality of uplink reference signals that include index information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern. Also, the controller  700  of the terminal further re-receives ACK information indicating that the index corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has been successfully received in the base station from the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern and the plurality of uplink reference signals from the base station. 
         [0113]    Furthermore, when the controller receives the NACK information indicating that the index corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has not been successfully received in the base station from the plurality of uplink reference signals, a wide beam pattern or a previously received at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is used as the downlink transmission beam pattern. 
         [0114]    According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the controller  710  of the base station transmits a plurality of downlink reference signals to the terminal, receives a plurality of uplink reference signals, including index information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern determined by the terminal, from the terminal according to the plurality of downlink reference signals, and transmits ACK information indicating that index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern determined based on the plurality of uplink reference signals and an index corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern have been successfully received. 
         [0115]    Also, upon successfully detecting index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern via the terminal, the controller  710  of the base station receives ACK information from the terminal. Upon not successfully detecting the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern via the terminal, the controller  710  of the base station receives NACK information from the terminal. 
         [0116]    Meanwhile, when successfully detecting the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern and transmitting NACK information indicating that the index corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has not been successfully received from the plurality of uplink reference signals, the controller  710  of the base station re-transmits an index corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern to the terminal according to the plurality of previous uplink transmission beam patterns. 
         [0117]    Upon not successfully detecting index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern and transmitting NACK information indicating that the index corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has not been successfully received from the plurality of uplink reference signals, then the controller  710  of the base station re-receives a plurality of uplink reference signals including index information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern, and then retransmits ACK information indicating that an index corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has been successfully received from index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern and the plurality of uplink reference signals to the terminal. 
         [0118]    At this point, upon receiving NACK information indicating that an index corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern has not been successfully received from the plurality of uplink reference signals, a wide beam pattern or a previously received at least one downlink transmission beam pattern may be used as the downlink transmission beam pattern. 
         [0119]    According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the controller  700  of the terminal determines one or more uplink transmission beam patterns and one or more uplink reception beam patterns, and also receives a plurality of downlink reference signals from the base station to determine at least one downlink transmission beam pattern. Furthermore, the controller  700  transmits index information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission pattern to the base station using the determined at least one uplink transmission beam pattern, and when index information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is successfully received by the base station, the controller  700  of the terminal receives ACK information from the base station. 
         [0120]    At this point, when the index information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is not successfully received by the base station, the controller  700  of the terminal retransmits index information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern to the base station using the determined at least one uplink transmission beam pattern. 
         [0121]    When the index information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is not successfully received by the base station, the controller  700  of the terminal transmits a plurality of uplink reference signals to the base station, receives index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern from the base station, and transmits an ACK or a NACK according to whether index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern is received. 
         [0122]    According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the controller  710  of the base station determines one or more uplink transmission beam patterns and one or more uplink reception beam patterns, and also transmits a plurality of downlink reference signals. The controller  710  also receives index information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern determined by the terminal based on the plurality of downlink reference signals from the terminal, and when an index corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is successfully received, the controller  710  transmits ACK information to the terminal. 
         [0123]    According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the controller  700  of the terminal determines one or more downlink transmission beam patterns and one or more downlink reception beam patterns, transmits a plurality of uplink reference signals to the base station, receives index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern according to the plurality of uplink reference signals from the base station, and transmits an ACK or a NACK according to whether the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern is received. 
         [0124]    Also, when index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern is not successfully detected by the base station, the controller  700  of the terminal retransmits a plurality of uplink reference signals to the base station and re-receives the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern based on the plurality of uplink reference signals from the base station. Additionally, when the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern is not successfully detected by the base station, the controller  700  of the terminal receives a plurality of downlink reference signals from the base station to determine at least one downlink transmission beam pattern, transmits the index information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission pattern to the base station, transmits a plurality of uplink reference signals to the base station, and receives index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern according to the plurality of uplink reference signals from the base station. 
         [0125]    According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the controller  710  of the base station determines one or more downlink transmission beam patterns and one or more downlink reception beam patterns, receives a plurality of uplink reference signals from the terminal, transmits index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern to the terminal based on the plurality of uplink reference signals, and receives an ACK or a NACK according to whether the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern is received. 
         [0126]      FIG. 8  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a terminal performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0127]    Referring to  FIG. 8 , the terminal determines one or more uplink transmission beam patterns and one or more uplink reception beam patterns, and receives a plurality of downlink reference signals in step  800 . After that, the terminal determines at least one downlink transmission beam pattern based on a received downlink reference signal, and transmits index information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission pattern to the base station using the determined one or more uplink transmission beam patterns in step  802 . After that, when index information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is not successfully received by the base station in step  804 , the terminal proceeds to step  802  to retransmit index information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern to the base station using the determined at least one uplink transmission beam pattern. 
         [0128]    According to an exemplary embodiment, when index information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is not successfully received by the base station, the terminal transmits a plurality of uplink reference signals to the base station, receives index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern from the base station, and transmits an ACK or a NACK according to whether the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern is received. In contrast, when receiving ACK information from the base station in response to transmission of at least one downlink transmission beam index in step  804 , the terminal ends the beam tracking procedure of the present invention. 
         [0129]      FIG. 9  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a base station performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0130]    Referring to  FIG. 9 , the base station determines one or more uplink transmission beam patterns and one or more uplink reception beam patterns and then transmits a plurality of downlink reference signals to a terminal in step  900 . Next, in step  902 , the base station receives, from the terminal, index information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern as determined by the terminal based on the plurality of downlink reference signals. 
         [0131]    After that, upon successfully detecting index information corresponding to a downlink transmission beam pattern in step  904 , the base station proceeds to step  906  to transmit ACK information to the terminal. On the other hand, when not successfully detecting the index information corresponding to the downlink transmission beam pattern in step  904 , the base station proceeds to step  908  to transmit NACK information to the terminal and then proceeds to step  910  to re-receive index information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern from the terminal. 
         [0132]      FIG. 10  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a terminal performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0133]    Referring to  FIG. 10 , the terminal determines one or more downlink transmission beam patterns and one or more downlink reception beam patterns, and then transmits a plurality of uplink reference signals to the base station in step  1000 . After that, the terminal receives index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern from the base station based on the plurality of uplink reference signals in step  1002 . 
         [0134]    After that, the terminal determines whether index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern has been successfully received in step  1004 . When the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern has been successfully received, the terminal proceeds to step  1006  to transmit an ACK message. On the other hand, when it is determined that the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern has not been successfully received at step  1004 , then the terminal transmits NACK in step  1008 , and retransmits a plurality of uplink reference signals to the base station. Next, the terminal proceeds to step  1010  and re-receives index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern from the base station based on the plurality of uplink reference signals. 
         [0135]    According to another exemplary embodiment, when index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern is not successfully received by the base station, then the terminal receives a plurality of downlink reference signals from the base station to determine at least one downlink transmission beam pattern. Furthermore, the base station then transmits index information corresponding to the at least one downlink transmission pattern to the base station, transmits a plurality of uplink reference signals to the base station, and receives index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern from the base station based on the plurality of uplink reference signals. 
         [0136]      FIG. 11  is a flowchart illustrating a process for operating a base station performing beam setting for a downlink and an uplink according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0137]    Referring to  FIG. 11 , the base station determines one or more downlink transmission beam patterns and one or more downlink reception beam patterns, and receives a plurality of uplink reference signals from a terminal in step  1100 . After that, in step  1102 , the base station transmits index information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern to the terminal based on the plurality of uplink reference signals. 
         [0138]    After that, when it is determined in step  1104  that an ACK message is received in response to index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern, the base station ends the beam tracking procedure of the present invention. On the other hand, when receiving a NACK message in response to the index information corresponding to the uplink transmission beam pattern, i.e., when it is determined in step  1104  that an ACK message is not received, then the base station proceeds to step  1102  to retransmit the index information corresponding to at least one downlink transmission beam pattern to the terminal. 
         [0139]    As described above, when an index corresponding to a downlink transmission/reception beam pattern and an index corresponding to an uplink transmission/reception beam pattern are received, an index retransmission procedure corresponding to a transmission/reception beam pattern is defined, so that a wireless communication system may efficiently select a transmission/reception beam-forming pattern. 
         [0140]    While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.