Abstract:
A double gated silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET is fabricated by using a mandrel shallow trench isolation formation process, followed by a damascene gate. The double gated MOSFET features narrow diffusion lines defined sublithographically or lithographically and shrunk, damascene process defined by an STI-like mandrel process. The double gated SOI MOSFET increases current drive per layout width and provides low out conductance.

Description:
Background of the Invention  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention generally relates to double-gated Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETS) that provide increased current drive per layout width and low output conductance.  
           [0003]    2. Background Description  
           [0004]    Field Effect Transistor (FET) structures may include a single gate (a single channel) or a pair of gates (a pair of channels), with double-gate versions providing the advantage of having an increased current carrying capacity. A number of horizontal double-gate FET structures, and particularly SOI double-gate FET structures, have been proposed. These structures typically require a bottom gate formed beneath the thin silicon body in addition to a conventional top gate. The fabrication of such structures is difficult because the top and bottom gates must be aligned to a tolerance beyond the accuracy of state of the art lithographical equipment and methods, and because self-aligning techniques are frustrated by the layers between the top and bottom gates.  
           [0005]    In “Self-Aligned (Top and Bottom) Double-Gate MOSFET With a 25 nm Thick Silicon Channel”, by Hon Sum Philip et al., IEDM 97-427, IEEE 1997, a double-gated MOSFET is considered the most promising candidate for a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) scaled to the ultimate limit of 20-30 nm gate length. Rigorous Monte Carlo device simulations and analytical calculations predicted continual improvement in device performance down to 20-30 nm gate length, provided the silicon channel thickness can be reduced to 10-25 nm and the gate oxide thickness is reduced to 2-3 nm. However, the alignment of the top and the bottom is crucial to high performance because a mis-alignment will cause extra gate to source/drain overlap capacitance as well as loss of current drive.  
           [0006]    In the double-gated MOSFET field, vertical structures such as the surrounding gate or pillar transistor and DELTA device require a lithographic and pattern transfer capability at least four times more stringent than the minimum gate length in order to control the required silicon channel thickness. On the other hand, the planar structures, which have been the norm of the Integrated Circuit (IC) industry to date are easier to manufacture than vertical structures. However, the double-gate MOSFET with a planar structure either does not have perfectly aligned gates, or did not have a source/drain fan-out structure that is self-aligned to the gates.  
           [0007]    The following patents pertain to FETs, and particularly to the double-gated FETs.  
           [0008]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,780,327, by Chu et al. and entitled “Vertical Double-Gate Field Effect Transistor” describes a vertical double-gate field effect transistor, which includes an epitaxial channel layer and a drain layer arranged in a stack on a bulk or SOI substrate. The gate oxide is thermally grown on the sides of the stack using differential oxidation rates to minimize input capacitance problems. The gate wraps around one end of the stack, while contacts are formed on a second end. An etch-stop layer embedded in the second end of the stack enables contact to be made directly to the channel layer.  
           [0009]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,773,331 by Solomon et al. and entitled “Method for Making Single and Double Gate Field Effect Transistors With Sidewall Source-Drain Contacts” describes a method for making single-gate and double-gate field effect transistors having a sidewall drain contact. The channel of the FETs is raised with respect to the support structure underneath and the source and drain regions form an integral part of the channel.  
           [0010]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,757,038 by Tiwari et al. and entitled “Self-Aligned Dual Gate MOSFET with an Ultranarrow Channel” is directed to a self-aligned dual gate FET with an ultra thin channel of substantially uniform width formed by a self-aligned process. Selective etching or controlled oxidation is utilized between different materials to form a vertical channel extending between source and drain regions, having a thickness in the range from 2.5 nm to 100 nm.  
           [0011]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,580,802 to Mayer et. al. and entitled “Silicon-on-Insulator Gate-All-Around MOSFET Fabrication Methods” describes an SOI gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFET which includes a source, channel and drain surrounded by a top gate, the latter of which also has application for other buried structures and is formed on a bottom gate dielectric which is formed on source, channel and drain semiconductor layers of an SOI wafer.  
           [0012]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,308,999 to Gotou and entitled “MOS FET Having a Thin Film SOI Structure” describes a MOS FET having a thin film  501  structure in which the breakdown voltage of an MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) FET having an SOI structure is improved by forming the gate electrode on the top surface and two side surfaces of a channel region of the SOI layer and by partially extending the gate electrode toward the inside under the bottom of the channel region such that the gate electrode is not completely connected.  
           [0013]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,689,127 to Chu et al. and entitled “Vertical Double-Gate Field Effect Transistor” describes a vertical double-gate FET that includes a source layer, an epitaxial channel layer and a drain layer arranged in a stack on a bulk or SOI substrate. The gate oxide is thermally grown on the sides of the stack using differential oxidation rates to minimize input capacitance problems. The gate wraps around one end of the stack, while contacts are formed on a second end. An etch-stop layer embedded in the second end of the stack enables contact to be made directly to the channel layer.  
           [0014]    The key difficulties in fabricating double-gated FETs are achieving silicidation of thin diffusions or polysilicon with acceptable contact resistance, enabling fabrication of the wraparound gate without misalignment of the two gates, and fabrication of the narrow diffusions (ideally, 2-4 times smaller than the gate length).  
           [0015]    The lithographically defined gate is by far the simplest, but suffers from a number of disadvantages. First, definition of the gate may leave poly spacers on the side of the diffusions or may drive a required slope on the side of the diffusion, thereby resulting in a poorer quality and/or more poorly controlled device. Second, the slope of the poly inherently leads to difficulty in forming silicided gates, leading to slower device performance. Finally, the poly step height poses a difficult problem for lithographic definition, as we expect steps on the order of 100 nm-200 nm in a 50 nm design rule technology.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0016]    It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a self-aligned dual-gated SOI MOSFET.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING  
       [0017]    The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 1 is a representational cross section of cut A-A shown in FIG. 6 b,  showing the formation of silicon lines;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 2 shows the substrate of FIG. 1 after shallow trench isolation (STI) fill and polish;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 3A is a representational cross section of cut A-A shown in FIG. 6B, after a polysilicon conductor (PC) resist mask is applied and etching;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 3B is a representational cross section of cut B-B shown in FIG. 6B, after a PC resist mask is applied;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 4A shows the substrate of FIG. 3A after gate dielectric growth or deposition, and gate conductor deposition;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 4B shows the substrate of FIG. 3B after removal of the PC resist mask;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 5A shows removal of STI and isolation implants in the substrate of FIG. 4A;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 5B shows extension implants in the substrate of FIG. 4B;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 6A shows the completed device of FIG. 5A before contacts;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 6B shows a top view of the completed device;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of one of the SOI lines shown in FIG. 1;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of one of the SOI lines shown in FIG. 2;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 9 cut C-C shows a representational perspective of one of the silicon lines shown in FIG. 3A;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 9 cut D-D shows a partial representational perspective of one of the silicon lines shown in FIG. 3B;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 10 cut E-E shows a partial representational cut of one of the silicon lines shown in FIG. 4A;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 10 cut F-F shows a partial representational cut of one of the silicon lines shown in FIG. 4B;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 11A cut G-G shows a partial representational perspective of one of the silicon lines shown in FIG. 5A;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 11A cut H-H shows a partial representational cut of one of the silicon lines shown in FIG. 5B;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 11B cut I-I shows a representational embodiment of FIG. 6B cut A-A;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 11B cut J-J shows a representational embodiment of FIG. 6B cut B-B;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment that corresponds to FIG. 4A;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment that corresponds to FIG. 6A  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 13B is cross-sectional view of the second embodiment that corresponds to FIG. 6B; and  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment that corresponds to FIG. 4B.  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 15 shows a third embodiment of the substrate of FIG. 1 after shallow trench isolation (STI) fill and polish;  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 16 is a representational cross section of cut B-B shown in FIG. 6B, after a PC resist mask is applied;  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 17A shows the substrate after gate dielectric growth or deposition, and gate conductor deposition;  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 17B shows FIG. 16 after removal of the PC resist mask;  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 18A shows FIG. 17B after PC resist mask is applied;  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 18B shows FIG. 17B after polishing;  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 19 shows the fabrication of a fifth embodiment. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0049]    Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a patterned SOI substrate  100  having a bulk substrate  102 , a buried oxide (BOX) layer  104 , and narrow silicon lines  106 ,  108  and  110 . In a preferred embodiment, the width of the silicon lines  106 ,  108  and  110  is approximately 5 to 50 nanometers (nm), which is typically one fourth of the device length. Pad oxide  112 ,  114  and  116  is grown using standard oxidation techniques and would typically be in the range of 3 to 14 nm, with 8 nm being preferred. Pad films  118 ,  120  and  122  are placed upon pad, oxide  112 ,  114 , and  116 , respectively. Pad films  118 ,  120  and  122  are typically in the range of 30 to 120 nm, with 80 nm being preferred. It is preferred that nitride films be utilized, although other materials may also be used. Pad films  118 ,  120  and  122  define the etch areas for shallow trench isolation (STI) formation. In a preferred embodiment, thin diffusions in the range of 5 to 50 nm, with 10 nm preferred, can be formed above the thin silicon regions  108  that can be formed above BOX layer  104  using lithographic techniques and subtractive etching, and techniques such as sidewall image transfer, hybrid resist, thinning techniques using isotropic etching, or oxidation/removal steps to generate the narrow images. FIG. 7 shows a partial perspective view of silicon line  108  shown in FIG. 1, where silicon line  108  is formed on BOX layer  104 .  
         [0050]    Then, in FIG. 2, a standard STI fill  124  is provided, which is preferably a silicon dioxide layer of approximately 300 to 500 nm thick. However, other suitable materials known to those skilled in the art may also be used as a sacrificial film. It is preferred that the STI surface be polished. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of silicon line  108  shown in FIG. 2, where STI  124  is filled around the silicon line  108 .  
         [0051]    [0051]FIG. 3A is a representational cross-sectional cut along line A-A of FIG. 6B. FIG. 3A is representational because polysilicon conductor (PC) resist  126  and STI fill  124  are present during fabrication in FIG. 3A, but are not present in corresponding region  141  of FIG. 6B. After placing the PC resist mask  126  on a selected regions of STI fill  124 , STI fill  124  is selectively etched relative to pad films  118 ,  120  and  122  and down to the BOX layer  104 . It is preferred, but not required, that the etch also be selective relative to the BOX layer  104 . Pad films  118 ,  120  and  122  are then removed selectively to the STI fill layer  124  and BOX layer  104 . The FIGS. 3A, 4A and  5 A show that some of the pad layers  118 ,  120 ,  122  could be left, if desired, to allow a thin gate dielectric only on the sidewalls of the silicon lines  106 ,  108  and  110 , respectively. It is preferred that there be approximately a 10:1 selectivity in each etch, which can be accomplished with known state of the art etches. If desired, well implants may optionally be introduced at this point. These implants would be done using highly angled implants, preferably in the range of 10 to 45 degrees, with each implant rotated at approximately 90 degrees relative to each other in order to fully dope the sidewalls of the diffusion. In order to avoid doping the surface layer of the diffusions more heavily than the sides, the implantation could be done before removing the pad films  118 ,  120  and  122  in the exposed areas of PC resist  126 . FIG. 9 cut C-C shows a representational perspective of silicon line  108  without pad film  120  thereon, as shown in FIG. 3A.  
         [0052]    [0052]FIG. 3B is a representational cross-sectional view along line B-B shown in FIG. 6B. FIG. 3B is representational because PC resist mask  126  and STI fill  124  are present during fabrication in FIG. 3B, but are not shown in the region between the source/drain  134  and gate  128  in FIG. 6B. FIG. 3B thus shows the selective placement of PC mask  126  during fabrication. This can be accomplished using standard pattern lithography techniques using a PC mask preferably composed of either photoresist or a hardmask. FIG. 9 cut D-D shows a partial representational perspective of silicon line  108  shown in FIG. 3B.  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 4A shows the substrate of FIG. 3A after gate dielectric growth [e.g., SiO2], and gate conductor deposition. It should be understood that nitrided oxides, nitride/oxide composites, metal oxides (e.g., Al2O3, ZrSiO4, TiO2, Ta2O5, ZrO2, etc.), perovskites (e.g., (Ba, Sr)TiO3, La2O3) and combinations of the above can also be used as the dielectric. Gate dielectric growth on each line  106 ,  108  and  110  could be standard furnace or single-wafer chamber oxidations in accordance with conventional methods. If desired, nitriding species (e.g., N2O, NO or N2 implantation) can be introduced prior to, during, or subsequent to oxidation. Gate dielectric deposition on each line  108 ,  110  can be can be accomplished, for example, through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or other techniques known to those skilled in the art.  
         [0054]    After etching, the gate  128  is deposited. Gate conductor deposition could be accomplished using conventional CVD or directional sputtering techniques. It should be understood that gate conductors other than polysilicon can also be used. For example, a SiGe mixture, refractory metals (e.g., W), metals (e.g., Ir, Al, Ru, Pt), and TiN can be used. In general, any material that can be polished and that has a high conductivity and reasonable workfunction can be used in place of polysilicon. After deposition, the gate  128  is polished in accordance with conventional techniques. FIG. 10 cut E-E is a representational cut of silicon line  108  and gate  128  shown in FIG. 4A.  
         [0055]    [0055]FIG. 4B shows FIG. 3B after removal of the PC resist mask  126 . The STI surface  121  is cleaned in accordance with conventional techniques. FIG. 10 cut F-F shows a partial representational cut of silicon line  108  shown in FIG. 4B.  
         [0056]    [0056]FIGS. 5A and 5B show extension implants to form the MOSFET device of FIG. 4A after removal of STI fill  124 . Implantations are done at a large angle, preferably in the range of 7 to 45 degrees, relative to a vector perpendicular to the wafer surface. Four implants, each rotated at approximately 90 degrees relative to each other about the wafer surface normal vector in order to fully dope the sidewalls of the diffusions uniformly. The pad oxide layer  112 ,  114  and  116  on top of the diffusions may be utilized to avoid doping the surface of the diffusions too strongly. In this case, the pad films  118 ,  120  and  122  would be removed after the implantation, but before the final implantations are done, which would follow the spacer  146  deposition. FIG. 11A cut G-G shows a perspective view of silicon line  108  shown in FIG. 5A, and FIG. 11A cut H-H shows a perspective view of silicon line  108  shown in FIG. 5B.  
         [0057]    [0057]FIG. 6A shows the device of FIG. 5A after formation of silicide layer  144  in accordance with conventional steps. Also in accordance with conventional steps, after the gate  128  is formed, spacers  146  are formed and the diffusions are annealed, and a layer of highly conformal dielectric fill  148  is deposited, and then polished to the top of the gate conductor. It is preferred that dielectric fill  148  is a nitride layer followed by a doped glass. Because of the high aspect ratios, fill properties suggest a rapid-thermal CVD or a self-sputtering deposition using a high-density plasma-enhanced CVD technique. Typically, the dielectric glass includes phosphorus and/or boron, but it can also be undoped.  
         [0058]    [0058]FIG. 6B shows a top view of the completed device. The source and drain region is formed by implantation. Contacts  138 ,  140 ,  142  are added and back end of line (BEOL) processing is done in accordance with conventional steps. FIG. 11B cut I-I shows a representational embodiment of FIG. 6B cut A-A, and FIG. 11B cut J-J shows a representational embodiment of FIG. 6B cut B-B. FIGS. 11A and 11B are shown as before spacers  146  and dielectric deposition as shown in FIG. 6A.  
         [0059]    A second embodiment is shown in FIGS. 12, 13A and  13 B. In FIG. 12, a dielectric pad films  118 ,  120  and  122  electrically separate the gate  130  into two electrically isolated portions  135 ,  137 . As shown in FIG. 13B, each portion  135 ,  137  has a planar top surface and a contact  142   a,    142   b,    142   c  on its respective planar top surface. The gate  128  is independently controlled on each side of the diffusion. However, a linear strap of metal, or a patterned layer to link the layers with a silicide can also be utilized. Note that in FIG. 13B the fingered devices become larger because etch stretch of polysilicon would have to be individually contacted unless additional masking layers are used to strap them together.  
         [0060]    In the second embodiment, the processing steps are identical to those described up to and including FIG. 2. However, in FIG. 12, as opposed to FIG. 3A, pad films  118 ,  120 ,  122  are not etched. In this embodiment, it is preferred that the pad films be 80-150 nm.  
         [0061]    [0061]FIG. 13A, corresponding to FIG. 6A, shows the substrate of FIG. 6A after gate conductor deposition. Gate dielectric growth, deposition and gate conductor deposition can be implemented in accordance with the conventional techniques discussed in connection with FIG. 4A. As in the case of FIG. 6A, spacers  146  are formed and the diffusions are annealed, and a layer of highly conformal dielectric fill  148  is deposited, and then polished to the top of the gate conductor.  
         [0062]    Processing continues as in the case of the first embodiment, except that pad films  118 ,  120  and  122  are removed after the PC polishing step, whereas in the previous embodiment these films are removed as part of the etching process the forms the trough defining the gate regions. The pad films  118 ,  120   122  could alternatively be removed after the extension implantation shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. As is the case with FIG. 6A, areas between adjacent gates  128  are filled by spacer  146  and dielectric layer  148 , as shown in FIG. 13A.  
         [0063]    [0063]FIG. 14 corresponds to FIG. 4B, and shows a third embodiment. In this embodiment, polishing would not be done until etching down to pad films  118 ,  120  and  122 . The preferred thickness of the silicon lines  106 ,  108  and  110  is approximately 200 nm. Pad oxide  112 ,  114  and  116  is grown to a thickness of approximately 5 nm, and the deposited pad nitride is approximately 30 nm.  
         [0064]    STI fill  124  is then provided. It is preferred that STI fill  124  is approximately 570 nm, which is approximately 2.5 times the surface topography of the combined thicknesses of the pad oxide, the deposited pad nitride and the silicon lines.  
         [0065]    As shown in FIG. 15, the STI  124  is polished back to approximately 200 nm above the pads  118 ,  120  and  122 . The PC resist  126  is applied, and the STI  124  is then etched to the nitride pads  118 ,  120  and  122  and the BOX  104 . Nitride pads  118 ,  120  and  122  are then etched to the pad oxide  112 ,  114  and  116 , which is a short etch since the nitride pads  118 ,  120  and  122  are thin. These steps result in FIGS. 3A and 16.  
         [0066]    The pad oxide  112 ,  114  and  116  is then removed, preferably with a wet etch. Since the required pad oxide is thin due the thinner nitride used, undercut is minimal. Vapor HF/NH3 can also be used to further minimize undercut and control line width better. Standard well implants can be done at this point or, alternatively, before the thin pad oxide  112 ,  114 , and  116  is grown. Note that when the pad oxide layer  112 ,  114 ,  116  is removed in the case where the STI layer  124  is also oxide, the gate  128  linewidth will increase due tollateral etching during the pad oxide removal. In FIG. 9, for example, as the pad oxide  112 ,  114 ,  116  is removed, the gate region (cut C-C) will increase in width. The total width will be the original cut plus twice the pad oxide removal. It is preferred that the thinnest gate length (width of cut C-C), so any increase is undesirable.  
         [0067]    Gate oxide  130  is grown, and gate  128  is deposited and polished back to the STI fill  124 , as shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B. Finally, processing continues as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and described above to form extension, source and drain implants, spacers and contacts. The pad oxide  118 ,  120 ,  122  is dry etched to remove the oxide above the active area to nitride  112 ,  114 ,  115 , respectively. The nitride  112 ,  114 ,  116  is wet etched to remove residual nitride. Finally, extension, and source and drain implants are followed by regular processing for MEOL.  
         [0068]    With this fabrication method, there is less damage to active area since the nitride  112 ,  114 ,  116  is thinner, which means less reactive ion etching of the nitride. Also, oxide etching has a nitride stop layer. Finally, the pad oxide  112 ,  114 ,  116  can be thin due to the thinner nitride  118 ,  120 ,  122  which means there will be less undercut when removing the pad oxide  112 ,  114 ,  116 , which will produce bad polysilicon profile. Also polysilicon line width control will also be improved.  
         [0069]    A fourth embodiment planarizes the gate conductor film before etching rather than polishing it after a trough is formed in a different material. Silicon line formation  106 ,  108 ,  110  is identical to the previous three embodiments and is shown in FIG. 1.  
         [0070]    After the silicon lines  106 ,  108 ,  110  are formed, sacrificial oxidations may be performed to improve the surface quality of the silicon sidewall. Then the gate dielectric  130  is grown or deposited, and the gate  128  is deposited. In this case, the gate  128  material is required to be a film that can be etched selectively to the pad films  118 ,  120 ,  122 , the BOX  104 , and the gate dielectric film  130 . Polysilicon is one example, and other suitable materials can also be used. This gate  128  material is deposited to a thickness sufficient to completely cover the regions between the silicon islands to a height well above the pad films  118 ,  120 ,  122 . The gate conductor film is then polished. For the case where the gate conductors are connected together, the polish would stop above the layer of the pad films  118 ,  120 ,  122  with the height above the pad films determined by the resistive path between the gates (see FIGS. 6A and 6B). In the case where the gate conductors are independently addressed, the polish would proceed until the pad films  118 ,  120 ,  122  are reached, as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B. The latter case is shown in FIG. 18A and 18B after polishing the gate  124 .  
         [0071]    After defining the PC mask  126 , the gate  128  is etched selectively to the gate dielectric, BOX films and the dielectric  130  on the silicon line. If the dielectric on top of the silicon line  106 ,  108 ,  110  is the gate dielectric, then stopping the etch without penetrating the gate dielectric will be quite challenging. After this etch process, the structure will be similar to that depicted in FIGS. 5A and 5B, except that in  18 B the gate conductor does not extend over the silicon diffusions, and the extension implants described earlier can proceed, ultimately forming the device depicted in  13 A and  13 B. Obviously, if desired, the structures depicted in  6 A and  6 B could also be formed.  
         [0072]    The fifth embodiment continues from the previous embodiments, but the fourth embodiment will be used as the base. After the gate  128  is formed as above by deposition, polishing and etching, the device implants are completed, spacers  146  are formed and the diffusions are annealed, a layer of highly conformal dielectric fill  148  is deposited, and then polished to the top of the gate conductor. Note that in this case it is preferable to deposit a polish-stop layer  150  (typically a dielectric such as silicon nitride) as a cap on top of the original dummy gate conductor  152  after it has been polished but before it has been etched. Fabrication of this structure is shown in cross section in FIG. 19.  
         [0073]    This dummy gate cap layer  150  and the dummy gate conductor  152  are then removed, a gate dielectric deposited and a second gate conductor deposited. This approach is advantageous if either the gate conductor or gate dielectric cannot withstand the high temperature steps required in forming the diffusions. This approach allows these films to be optimized independent of their stability under high temperature treatment. After the final gate is formed, a dielectric film is deposited, contacts are etched and filled with a conductive layer. After these steps are completed, the structure will approximate FIGS. 13A and B or FIGS. 6A and B.  
         [0074]    While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.