Abstract:
The disclosure relates to a lead including a connector for connection to a generator, a demultiplexing circuit receiving at its input on the first conductors of the electrical control signals from the control bus and whose output is connected to a plurality of second conductors contained in the lead and connected to the lead electrodes. The lead further includes a gate and connection circuit component having a body forming a support for an integrated circuit for demultiplexing and defining a set of connection cavities with the second conductor distributed at the periphery of the body around a general axis of the body, and a plurality of connecting elements embedded in the body material, and emerging at an element region and supporting the circuit at respective cavities. The gate and connection circuit component is advantageously made of ceramic-metal.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of and priority to French Patent Application No. 1552894, filed Apr. 3, 2015, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    The disclosure relates to “active implantable medical devices” as defined by the Directive 90/385/EEC of 20 Jun. 1990 by the Council of the European Communities, specifically the “multisite” implants to collect electrical potentials and/or selectively deliver electrical pulses to one or more pacing sites of to a set of sites, particularly in cardiology and neuromodulation applications. 
         [0003]    The recent development of such multi-site stimulation devices has led to increasing the number of electrodes, so as to allow the choice of one or more detection/stimulation sites optimizing the operation of the device. 
         [0004]    The following disclosure will mainly refer to electrodes used for the application of stimulation pulses, but this feature is not limiting and the disclosure applies equally to the case of electrodes used for detection of electric potentials collected at specific sites, the same electrode possibly being used for both sensing and pacing. 
         [0005]    In the particular case of the implantable cardiac devices for ventricular resynchronization or “CRT” (Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy), which are cited here as a non limiting example, a device with electrodes for stimulating one and the other ventricles is implanted in the patient. The stimulation of the right ventricle (and right atrium) is done by a conventional endocardial lead, but for the left ventricle, the access being more complex, the stimulation is generally carried out by a lead inserted into the coronary sinus and then pushed into a coronary vein on the epicardium so that the end of the is positioned in front of the left ventricle. 
         [0006]    This procedure is, however, rather difficult, because the diameter of the coronary vessels is reduced with the progress of the lead, so it is not always easy to find the optimum position during implantation. The proximity of the phrenic nerve can also lead to inappropriate stimuli. 
         [0007]    To overcome these difficulties, “multielectrode” leads have developed, provided for example with eight or more electrodes, and it is possible to choose, after implantation, the electrode which corresponds to the site on which the stimulation is the most effective. This selection of the electrode can be carried out automatically by a measure of endocardial acceleration peaks (PEA), by a measurement of bioimpedance, or from any other sensor able to provide information representative of the patient&#39;s hemodynamic status. It can also be operated manually by the practitioner by a suitable programmer controlling a generator. 
         [0008]    These pacing leads must have a diameter as small as possible in order to extend the possibilities of implantation while being the least traumatic for the body. 
         [0009]    Furthermore, increasing the number of electrodes creates issues of delicate connection at the connection with the stimulation pulse generator. 
         [0010]    The difficulties encountered are similar in neuromodulation applications operating by multipoint stimulation of the central nervous system. Neuromodulation consists, for example, in implanting a microlead in the cerebral venous network in order to achieve very specific target areas of the brain in order to apply electrical stimulation pulses to treat certain conditions such as Parkinson&#39;s disease, epilepsy, etc. The purpose can also be to stimulate the peripheral nervous system, the electrodes then being placed at nerves or muscles. 
         [0011]    With currently known techniques, increasing the number of electrodes to be connected has a strong impact on the size and cost of internal electronics of the housing, the connector of the housing and the lead, so it may be preferred to use a demultiplexer circuit which makes it possible to decode signals and voltages on a limited number of conductors (typically 2 or 4). It would however be beneficial to be able to increase the number of electrodes while generally reducing the volume of connection between the signal source and the lead, requiring only that these two or four conductors to power and control the demultiplexer. 
         [0012]    This technique of multiplexing/demultiplexing is already implemented in cardiology and neuromodulation applications. 
         [0013]    In some cases, the demultiplexing circuit is located in the distal portion of the device, near the electrodes, being incorporated in the lead body. EP 1938861 A1, EP 2465425 A1 and US 2011/301665 A1 describe such arrangements. But it is noted that in these known constructions, the transverse dimensions of the lead body in its distal part are larger due to the need to tightly integrate the demultiplexing electronic circuit. 
         [0014]    Alternatively, to avoid this difficulty, an intermediate component of quite large dimensions is provided midway between the generator and the lead tip (see in particular EP 2727623 A1), which complicates the implantation and creates a new risk because of the need to implement an additional element. 
         [0015]    Moreover, the evolution of the conductor structures and of the lead electrode technology is such that it now becomes possible to produce leads with very small dimensions for stimulating and sensing electrical events in the heart. 
         [0016]    Such structures may use conductors of a diameter of 40 to 60 μm and thus may include a plurality of conductors insulated from each other, typically, up to 100 separate conductors in a diameter less than 0.5 mm. It is not known to associate such structures to multiplexers without immediately meeting the above problems, in particular in terms of size, complexity and cost. 
         [0017]    WO 2012/087370 A1 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 8,639,341 B2) discloses an arrangement wherein the demultiplexing circuit is accommodated in a region of the connector body, with a support and connection block interposed between the multiplexed conductors and the non-multiplexed conductors. This block includes, in its center, an elongate support receiving the demultiplexing integrated circuit, where the circuit is electrically connected to the two respective groups of conductors coming from either side of the support. If this arrangement allows incorporating the demultiplexing methods to the connector, it has the disadvantage of a large footprint that significantly increases the length of the connector. 
         [0018]    The present invention aims to overcome these limitations of the prior art and to propose a connection solution between a demultiplexer circuit and a multielectrode lead that is reliable and protected while being compact and which can be housed in the vicinity the lead connector, not requiring increase in diameter of the latter, and simplify the structure of the connections of the associated housing. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0019]    The disclosure proposes for this purpose, in a first embodiment, a multielectrode lead including: 
         [0020]    A connector for a control and/or power and/or data transfer connection; 
         [0021]    A demultiplexing integrated circuit adapted to receive input on first conductors of the electrical control and/or power and/or data transfer signals from the control and/or power and/or data transfer link and connected at the output to a plurality of second conductors contained in the lead; 
         [0022]    A gate circuit and connection element having a body forming a support for the demultiplexing integrated circuit and housed in a connector body bearing the connector and 
         [0023]    A set of electrodes extending along the lead and connected to the second conductors. 
         [0024]    In some embodiments, the gate circuit and connection element: 
         [0025]    Has a generally cylindrical form and receives the integrated circuit on one of its end sides; 
         [0026]    Axially extending grooves; 
         [0027]    Defines a set of connection cavities having the form of axially extending grooves in the periphery of the element body, with at least the second conductors distributed around a main axis of the body and disposed in the connection cavities; and 
         [0028]    Includes a set of connection elements embedded in the material of the body, emerging at a region of the element supporting the integrated circuit and at the respective cavities, these connection elements electrically connecting said first and/or second conductors to respective terminals of the integrated circuit. 
         [0029]    According to various embodiments: 
         [0030]    The conductor elements each have a protruding part extending in a respective groove on at least part of its axial length; 
         [0031]    The conductive elements each have a first embedded portion generally extending axially and whose one end opens at a surface adjacent to the integrated circuit; 
         [0032]    Each conductor element includes an intermediate embedded portion generally extending radially between the first embedded portion and the protruding portion extending in the groove; 
         [0033]    The integrated circuit is protected by a cover tightly fixed on the body of the gate and connection circuit element; 
         [0034]    The gate and connection circuit element is achieved by a ceramic-metal technology, the body of the element being constituted by a ceramic region and the connection elements being constituted by metal regions; 
         [0035]    The gate and connection circuit element further includes a metal region for the cover welding; 
         [0036]    The metal region is an annular region surrounding the integrated circuit; 
         [0037]    The cover is also made of ceramic-metal technology and includes a counterpart metal region of the metal area surrounding the integrated circuit; 
         [0038]    The conductors are surrounded at their free end, received in its respective cavity, by a metallic sleeve; 
         [0039]    The lead further includes a transition element adapted to retain the second conductor in a configuration corresponding to the arrangement of the cavities for said second conductors; 
         [0040]    The lead further includes a transition element adapted to retain the conductors in a first configuration corresponding to the arrangement of the cavities for said first conductors; and 
         [0041]    The body of the gate and connection circuit element includes at least two generally coaxial cylindrical portions of different diameters, each region having a plurality of axially extending grooves in its periphery. 
         [0042]    In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a method for connection of conductors to a demultiplexing circuit in a localized stimulation multielectrode lead of the type described above, the method including the steps of: 
         [0043]    a) mounting the integrated demultiplexing circuit on one of the end sides of the element; 
         [0044]    b) connecting the circuit terminals to the emerging parts of the connection parts in the vicinity of the circuit; and 
         [0045]    c) connecting the conductors to the emerging parts of the connection regions at the cavities. 
         [0046]    According to various other embodiments: 
         [0047]    Step b) is implemented using connection wires; 
         [0048]    Steps a) and b) are implemented simultaneously by a returned chip mounting technique; 
         [0049]    Step c) is carried out by laser shots; 
         [0050]    The conductors are surrounded at their free end, received in its respective cavity, by a metal sleeve; 
         [0051]    The metallic material of the sleeve is the same as the metallic material of the gate and connection circuit element; and 
         [0052]    The method further includes steps of: 
         [0053]    d) providing a cover at least partially made of metal to protect the integrated circuit; 
         [0054]    e) providing the gate and connection circuit element a metal region surrounding the integrated circuit; and 
         [0055]    f) fixing the cover to said element by laser shots at the metallic region. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0056]    Further features, characteristics and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, made with reference to the drawings annexed, in which like reference characters refer to like elements and in which: 
           [0057]      FIG. 1  and  FIG. 1A  are overall views in side elevation of a multielectrode lead with multiplexed control according to an embodiment of the disclosure. 
           [0058]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a gate and connection circuit component of the lead of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0059]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the component receiving a plurality of conductors for the electrodes and a protection cover of the circuit mounted on the component. 
           [0060]      FIG. 4  is a side elevation view of the component of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0061]      FIG. 5  is a front elevation view of the component of  FIGS. 2 and 4 . 
           [0062]      FIG. 6  is an axial sectional view of a component having a different geometry from that of  FIGS. 2 to 5 , equipped with the circuit, the cover, the conductors and a protection jacket. 
           [0063]      FIG. 7  is a front view of the representation of  FIG. 6 . 
           [0064]      FIGS. 8 and 9  illustrate the assembly of  FIGS. 6 and 7  of the component with its cover. 
           [0065]      FIG. 10  shows in perspective view a layout of a conductor to be connected to the component. 
           [0066]      FIG. 11  is a partial cross sectional view on an enlarged scale of the connection region between such a conductor and the component. 
           [0067]      FIG. 12  is an exploded perspective view of a component with its cover, of conductors and transition parts for the conductors. 
           [0068]      FIG. 13  is a perspective view of a variant of one of the two transition parts. 
           [0069]      FIG. 14  is an axial sectional view of a variant embodiment of the component according to the disclosure equipped with the circuit, the cover and the conductors. 
           [0070]      FIG. 15  is a back view of the equipped component of  FIG. 14 . 
           [0071]      FIG. 16  schematically illustrates the successive steps of mounting a multielectrode lead carried out according to the teachings of the disclosure. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0072]    Referring firstly to  FIGS. 1 and 1A , an integrated demultiplexing multielectrode lead is shown. The lead includes a tapered intermediate body  100  housing a gate and connection circuit component  120  as is described below, and a connector  110  with a control and/or supply and/or data transfer connection  200 , typically with two or four conductors. The lead  300  houses a plurality of conductors  302 , typically from eight pairs of conductors to several tens of pairs of conductors, these conductors being connected to a set of stimulation electrodes  306  spaced along the lead. 
         [0073]    In the example illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 1A  the link  200  with  2  (or  4 ) conductors is a connection incorporated to the connector  110 , and connected to the  2  (or  4 ) poles  200   a ,  200   b  of the connector. This is a particularly advantageous embodiment, since it is able to include the multiplexer stage within the connector, thus without additional congestion, in particular in the diametric dimension. 
         [0074]    However, it must be kept in mind that the disclosure can be applied to many other configurations; each time it is necessary to interface a device with a detection/stimulation multielectrode lead by a multiplexer/demultiplexer stage. The device in question may in particular be any type of neurostimulator, or pacemaker, and in particular be in a stand-alone device with its own power supply (leadless implantable capsule) and extended by a multielectrode lead which it is connected by a communication system, etc. 
         [0075]    Advantageously, but not limiting, the connector  110  is in the illustrated example a standard connector of the IS-1 type (to which two conductors  202  accommodated in the body  100  are connected, according to the shown example) or of the IS-4 type (four conductors). The lead  300  has in the present example ten conductors  302 . 
         [0076]    Referring now to  FIGS. 2 to 5 , a component  120  housed within the body  100  is illustrated, whose main functions are to receive an electronic demultiplexing circuit responsive to the signals coming through the conductors  202 , connected to the link  200  by the connector  110 , for selectively applying stimulating pulses to one of the electrodes  306  (or to a given subset of said electrodes). 
         [0077]    This component includes a generally cylindrical main body defined by a cylindrical outer wall  122  in which a series of longitudinal grooves  124  are formed, intended, as discussed in the following, to make a connection with the conductors of the link  200  and the conductors of the lead part  300 . In this embodiment, the grooves  124  are twelve in number: two for the conductors  202 , departing in the direction of the link  200 , and ten for conductors  302 , departing towards the lead part  300 . 
         [0078]    On one of its end faces, here on its proximal face, the component  120  receives an integrated circuit  130  for providing the function of demultiplexing the signals received via the connection  200  for controlling the pulses as described above. 
         [0079]    This integrated circuit includes at its surface (or, alternatively (not shown), at its sides), conductive pads or areas  132  allowing the integrated circuit to be connected to its environment by connection wires (bonding wires)  140 . In the component body a plurality of conductive elements  126  intended to ensure the connection between the circuit  130  and the conductors of the connecting part  200  and the lead  300  are embedded, as will be described in detail later. 
         [0080]      FIG. 3  illustrates a cover  150  to be fixed tightly on the face of the component  120  receiving the circuit  130 , as will be described hereinafter, so as to protect the circuit  130  and the bonding wires. 
         [0081]    Referring to  FIGS. 6 to 9  which illustrate a component having a slightly different geometry from that of  FIGS. 2 to 5  (mostly with a shorter axial length), the configuration of the inner conductor elements  126  of the component  120  can be seen. 
         [0082]    Each element includes a first part  126   a  extending axially flush at its free end on the side of the component body  120  which carries the circuit  130 , by opening the periphery of the circuit. This first part is extended by a portion  126   b  oriented generally radially, towards one of the longitudinal grooves  124 , each for receiving a conductor  202  or  303 . This portion  126   b  terminates in a portion  126   c  which opens into the groove  124  extending over at least part of its axial extent. 
         [0083]    The electrical connection between the multiplexing circuit  130  and each of the conductors is carried out, circuit  130  side, by the bonding wire  140  welded on the one hand on the conductive pads  132  of the circuit and the other hand on the flush regions of the portions  126   a  of the embedded conductive elements, respectively. The connection of conductors&#39; side  202 ,  302  is carried out as will be seen in detail below by contacting exposed portions of the conductors with the portions  126   c  of the conductive elements which open into the respective grooves  124 . 
         [0084]    According to an alternative embodiment not illustrated, the electrical connection between the conductive pads of the circuit  130  and the respective conductive elements  126  may be performed according to known technology called “flip-chip”, the chip having slightly protruding contacts on its face turned towards the component  120  and these contacts being connected to flush areas of the portions  126   a  of conductive elements  126 . This technique avoids the use of bonding wires. 
         [0085]    Advantageously, the component body  120  and its conductive members  126  are made of “cermet”, that is to say, a composite material with metal matrix including a ceramic reinforcement, for example of alumina/platinum, the main, insulating, part of the body being made of ceramic (here alumina) and the conductive elements  126  being made of platinum. Alternatively, one may use a composite of type alumina/tungsten-molybdenum. One can also use a ceramic of the type silicon carbide. 
         [0086]    The manufacturing methods of such elements, which are the advantage of a continuous transition between the insulating part and the conductive part are largely controlled and make it possible to manufacture a component with a design adapted to this application (sizing of the various parts of the device will be discussed below). 
         [0087]    Furthermore, the component  120  produced in this way allows, in cooperation with a cover  150  as will be described in detail below, to hermetic seal the cavity housing the integrated circuit  130 , which may be difficult to obtain by molding a synthetic material injected on the metallic conductors. 
         [0088]    Referring to  FIGS. 8 and 9 , the cover  150  of the protection circuit  130  is incorporated and fixed tightly on the face of the component  120  which carries the integrated circuit  130 , as illustrated. 
         [0089]    The cover is also realized here in cermet technology and includes an insulating main body forming a cavity  154  intended to house the circuit  130  and a conductive annular region  152  facing the component  120 . In association with this cover, on component  120  a further conductive area  128  of generally annular shape, by example same geometry as the annular area  152  of the cover, flush with the surface that carries the circuit  130 , is arranged around the latter. Note that the cermet technology for manufacturing of the component  120  makes it easy to integrate such an annular conductive region. 
         [0090]    With such a configuration, once the bonding wires  140  are connected, the cover  150  is applied and maintained against the face of the component  120  on the circuit  130  and a welding point by point laser shots is then implemented in a plurality of places at the junction between the annular zones  128 ,  152 , the weld points being designated in  FIG. 9  by reference  170 . This method ensures a completely sealed connection between the component  120  and the cover  150 , to thereby perfectly protect the circuit  130  and its connections. 
         [0091]    Note here that the principle of closure of the cavity housing the circuit  130  makes it possible to minimize excessive elevation of the temperature within the cavity, which can be maintained below 400° C. 
         [0092]    It will also be noted here that the configuration of  FIGS. 2 and 3  is slightly different from that of  FIGS. 5 to 9 . In  FIGS. 2 and 4 , the conductive area for the sealed welding of the cover  150  is designated by reference  129 . It extends not in a general radial plane but according to a circumferential cylinder at an area of reduced diameter adjacent to its face supporting the circuit  130 , of component  120 . 
         [0093]    Finally, according to an embodiment, the welded cover  150  may be made entirely of biocompatible metal, such as titanium alloy. 
         [0094]    According to another embodiment, the cover can be fixed tightly on the component  120  by bonding. 
         [0095]    In all cases, it may be advantageous to further strengthen the protection of the circuit and of its associated connections by encapsulating the assembly formed by the component  120  and its cover  150 , housing the circuit  130 , and the connected wires, in a block of flexible polymer  160 , for example of silicone, this block also enclosing a short length of the wires  202 ,  302  to mechanically secure the assembly. 
         [0096]    Referring now to  FIGS. 10 and 11 , it is described in detail a method in which the conductors  202 ,  302  are mechanically held and electrically connected to the component  120 , at respective grooves  124 . Advantageously, and as illustrated in  FIG. 10 , such a conductor, here a conductor  302  located electrodes side, receives at one end portion  302   a  stripped of its insulating sheath  302   b , a hypotube  304  to facilitate the connection method. This hypotube, here made of platinum, may be welded to conductor  302  by laser shot, or simply threaded thereon during assembly. 
         [0097]    As shown in  FIG. 11 , the end of the conductor provided with the hypotube  304  is positioned and held in line with a groove  124  corresponding to a final destination. It is noted that the conductive portion  126   c  opening into the groove  124  forms a semi-cylindrical cavity having a diameter close to the outside diameter of the hypotube  304  such that it is intimately housed there. 
         [0098]    Then a laser shot (or several shots, on each side) is performed at the transition between the hypotube  304  and the conductive portion  126   c , on each side, to provide mechanical attachment and electrical connection of the group consisting of the core  302   a  of the conductor and the hypotube  304  with the conductive part  126   c  of the conductive element  126 , which is connected at the opposite end to the integrated circuit  130 . 
         [0099]    Note here that the hypotube  304  may reduce the risk of poor connection during the laser shot. It may be omitted in the case wherein the reliability of the laser firing method is sufficient, in which case the conductive core  302   a  of the conductor  302  is directly welded to the part  126   c  of the conductive element  126  (and similarly for the conductors  202 ). 
         [0100]    According to a non-illustrated embodiment, the electrical connection between the component  120  and the conductors  202 ,  302  may be performed without use of laser shot welding. More specifically, by placing the conductors  202 ,  302  into their respective groove  124  and applying around the entire assembly strapping, for example by use of a PEEK ring (polyether-ether-ketone) which crimps the conductors  202 ,  302  against their respective conductive parts  126   c . A slight taper from the periphery of the component  122  may be provided to perform this function, the ring being moved to the portion of larger outside diameter of the component, and then bonded. 
         [0101]    Referring now to  FIG. 12 , advantageously, transition parts, respectively  400 ,  500 , are associated with the gate and connection circuit component  120  to ensure a prepositioning of the connectors  202 ,  302  to connect the component, respectively. 
         [0102]    Thus, the part  400 , made of injected synthetic material, has the shape of a cylinder with an outer diameter close to that of component  120 , and has in diametrically opposite regions two through holes  402  generally parallel in the axial direction, the distance between these orifices being approximately the distance between two diametrically opposed grooves  124  of the component. The two conductors  202  are threaded through two holes and then engaged in their respective groove  124 , the part  400  ensuring prepositioning of both conductors during the soldering or crimping operations. 
         [0103]    In the same spirit, a part  500 , also of injected synthetic material, here includes ten through holes  502  generally parallel to the axial direction, in which the ten conductors  302  are threaded before being put in place in their respective groove. This transition part  500  is generally cylindrical, here. 
         [0104]    It is understood that these transition parts can be particularly useful, especially at the side of the main portion  300  of the lead, when a large number of conductors are to be positioned on the component  120 . 
         [0105]    After soldering or crimping of conductor, parts  400 ,  500 , for example bonded to both sides of the component  120  with its cover  150 , ensure dimensional stability of the assembly and prevent the conductors from being accidentally folded and optionally cut during handling. 
         [0106]    As shown in  FIG. 13 , we can give the transition part  500  a generally conical shape, the orifices  502  converging from an area adjacent to the component  120 , where they adopt an arrangement corresponding to that of counterpart grooves, in direction of a distal narrowed area where all conductors  302  join in the portion of the lead  300 . 
         [0107]    We will now describe with reference to  FIGS. 14 and 15  an alternative embodiment of the gate and connection circuit component, allowing the connection of an increased number of conductors  302 . 
         [0108]    In this embodiment, the gate and connection circuit component designated by the reference  120 ′ comprises three cylindrical stages for peripheral connections with conductors, coaxial and of progressively decreasing diameter as the distance increases from the part supporting the integrated circuit  130 . 
         [0109]    Thus,  FIGS. 14 and 15  illustrate a first set of grooves  124  made in the region of the widest stage, a second set of grooves  124 ′ formed through the following stage, of intermediate diameter, and a third set of grooves  124 ″ performed at the top stage of smaller diameter. 
         [0110]    The component  120  houses three groups of embedded conductive elements, respectively  126 ,  126 ′ and  126 ″, whose configurations are adapted to the geometry of the component body to provide each a flush connection surface, these connecting surfaces being distributed around the circuit. 
         [0111]    The cylindrical peripheries of the three stages are designated by references  122 ,  122 ′ and  122 ″. 
         [0112]    It is understood that such a configuration may significantly increase the connection density. Typically it becomes possible to connect up to a hundred or more conductors  302 , to make leads provided with very many electrodes, providing excellent opportunities for stimulation location. 
         [0113]    Advantageously, the component  120 ′ according to this embodiment is also manufactured according to the cermet technology, and the transition part  500 , if such a part is provided, is adapted accordingly. 
         [0114]    The disclosure enables a multielectrode lead with microconductors, of a typical diameter of 0.3 mm with current technology, with an intermediate portion dedicated to both the connection to a connector (e.g. a standard connector of IS-1 or IS-4 type) and to demultiplexing, whose diameter does not exceed 3 to 4 mm (with a chip having a size of 1 mm 2 , which can be achieved with the current integration of performance). 
         [0115]    The present disclosure has many advantages, including the following: 
         [0116]    It makes possible the integration of the demultiplexing in the lead, while keeping it a small diameter, typically of the order of 0.3 mm in the current technology, with a gradual transition between the housing for the demultiplexing circuit and the lead itself; 
         [0117]    It is compatible with a standard connector (e.g. type a 2 wire IS-1 connector or a 4 wire IS-4 connector) and allows miniaturization of the region dedicated to the demultiplexing of the signals arriving at these connectors; 
         [0118]    Manufacture may be economical, with welds by a laser shooting robot on components whose cost can remain reasonable; 
         [0119]    It can significantly increase the number of connections (100 connections or more) while maintaining a reasonable size for the demultiplexing part; 
         [0120]    It ensures a tightness and protection of the area housing the demultiplexing integrated circuit through hermetically fixing the cover and optionally the encapsulation in a soft polymer; and 
         [0121]    It enables very short electrical connections, with low risk of incorrect connections due to conductor breaks. 
         [0122]    As regards more particularly the manufacturing method of a multielectrode lead formed according to the teachings of the present disclosure, it can be summarized schematically to the steps shown in the flowchart  400  of  FIG. 16 , namely: 
         [0123]    Component  120  manufacturing (step  410 ); 
         [0124]    In parallel, preparation of the integrated circuit chip  130  (step  420 ); 
         [0125]    Mounting the chip  130  on the component  120  and realization of connection bonding  140  (step  430 ); 
         [0126]    Laying and sealing of titanium cover  150  on the component  120  (step  440 ); 
         [0127]    Preparation of the lead (step  450 ), then mounting of the hypotube  304  and placement and welding of the wires  202 ,  302  on the component (step  460 ); and 
         [0128]    Finally, encapsulation of the assembly with the lead and the various subassemblies of the connector  110  (step  470 ).