Abstract:
A device and a method for detecting presence of service on a telephone line prior to and during activation of alternative service on the line. The method comprises performing a first voltage detection on a subscriber line (S 20 ), activating a subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC) if no pre-existing service is detected (S 30 ), the SLIC providing an interface between the subscriber line and a service provider, and performing a second voltage detection on the subscriber line after a usage-dependent time has elapsed (S 60 ), the time being determined by heuristics which consider several factors, including usage history of the line and time of day.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a device and a method for detecting a foreign voltage on a telephone line, and more particularly, to a device and a method for detecting presence of service on a telephone line prior to and during activation of alternative service on the line.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Telephone services are used in connection with broadband data such as cable modems, constant bit rate (CBR) modems in hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) system, and digital subscriber line (DSL) modems in twisted-pair copper systems to provide data communications. Generally, these systems provide battery, dial tone, supervisory signals, ringing and other standard Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) signals over a two wire interface through connectors (e.g., RJ11) to telephones, facsimile machines and dialup modems.  
           [0003]    A HFC or DSL system provides a second line service that coexists in a subscriber&#39;s residence with a primary line service, for example, an Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (ILEC) service. The subscriber could inadvertently connect a telephone cord from the second line device (the HFC or DSL system) to a jack which is connected to the primary line service (the ILEC service). This possibly results in permanent damage to the circuitry of the ILEC central office or the HFC/DSL system. It could also interfere with proper functioning of the primary line service and could effectively disable E 9 11 service from the residence.  
           [0004]    One exemplary method for detecting presence of service is testing for foreign voltage on a telephone line, which detects cases of the telephone line being shorted to an AC power line or a 48V battery in a central office. However, the test can also detect the shorts between two adjacent telephone pairs in a wire bundle. For example, a voltage sensor in a second line device detects presence of DC voltage on a telephone line before a Subscriber Line Interface Circuit (SLIC) of the second line device is enabled to drive voltage onto the telephone line. If a voltage on the telephone line is above a predetermined threshold value, the SLIC is disabled. This method only works when the second line device is first enabled. However, since the connection to a primary line device could be made at any time and both the primary and second services would provide about 48V to the telephone line, the second line device would likely not be able to detect that a connection to another service has been made.  
           [0005]    Another method for detecting presence of service is for the second line device to reverse voltage polarity on a telephone line while the primary line device provides normal polarity voltage to the line (in this case, assume no off-hook devices are connected to the line). If a primary line device is driving the telephone line, this will cause a current to flow, which will be detected as an off-hook condition. However, this method causes temporary disruption and unavailability of the telephone line and could cause temporary over-current condition in a SLIC of a device, especially if the method is performed just as a central office sends a power ring. Some line-attached devices sense line polarity reversal as a precursor to other signals, so it could cause them to malfunction. Further, the primary line device may sense a fault condition and limit the current to a level less than the hook detect level of the SLIC, which may make the test unreliable.  
           [0006]    Yet another method for detecting presence of service is to disable the SLIC (again assume that no off-hook devices are connected). The SLIC is disabled when it is placed in a high impedance state to effectively disconnect it from the telephone line. On a telephone line with several connected devices, none of which is off-hook, the time constant due to capacitance in the telephone line and in attached devices, combined with no return path for DC currents, could be several seconds. Thus, the detection method would not be valid until a long period of time has elapsed. Since the telephone line would be out of service during that interval, this method may not be acceptable. One exemplary method for avoiding this problem is disclosed in “Loop Testing per TA-909 with the L9310/L9311 SLIC Circuit”, Lucent Technologies Microelectronics Group, Application Note AP01-018ALC, January 2001. This note describes rapidly reversing voltage polarity of a telephone line just before measuring the voltage to quickly clear any charge on the line. In the note, the polarity is reversed every 150 usec during an interval of 100 msec.  
           [0007]    A further method for detecting presence of services is detecting temperature fault in a SLIC. The temperature fault could indicate that an external device is driving excess current into the SLIC. However, unknown causes of an over-temperature fault may result in damage to the SLIC or central office, and can disturb a telephone line for a long period of time.  
           [0008]    Thus, a need exists for a method of detecting presence of service without damage to a SLIC or central office equipment.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0009]    According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for detecting presence of service on a subscriber line in a communications network, comprises performing a first voltage detection on a subscriber line, activating a subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC) if no other service is detected on the subscriber line, the SLIC providing an interface between the subscriber line and a service provider, and performing a second voltage detection on the subscriber line after a usage-dependent time has elapsed.  
           [0010]    According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for detecting presence of a foreign voltage on a telephone line, comprises detecting a voltage on a telephone line and comparing the voltage with a predetermined voltage, activating a subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC) when the voltage on the telephone line is less than the predetermined voltage, wherein the SLIC provides the interface between the telephone line and a second line telephone service, deactivating the SLIC after a usage-dependent time has elapsed, and detecting a foreign voltage greater than the predetermined voltage on the telephone line.  
           [0011]    According to a further aspect of the present invention, a device for detecting presence of service on a subscriber line in a communications network, comprises means for detecting a voltage on a subscriber line and for comparing the voltage with a predetermined voltage, means for selectively activating the device in response to the detected voltage on the subscriber line, and means for using heuristics to determine when to perform test of presence of another service, wherein presence of service is detected when the device is deactivated after the usage-dependent time has elapsed.  
           [0012]    According to preferred embodiments of the present invention, the presence of service on a telephone line may be detected regardless of activation of a second line device without damage to the second line SLIC or a central office device.  
           [0013]    These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a communications network of the present invention.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for detecting presence of service, according to an embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 3 is an exemplary circuit diagram embodying a method for detecting presence of service, according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0017]    Detailed illustrative embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein. However, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative for purposes of describing preferred embodiments of the present invention.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 1 depicts a communications network of the present invention. A communications network comprises a subscriber device  10 , e.g., telephone, fax machine, modem, or the like, and first and second telephony service providers  20  and  30  connected to the subscriber device  10  by subscriber lines  22  and  32 . The telephony service providers  20  and  30  include subscriber line interface circuits (SLIC)  21  and  31 . SLIC  21  in the primary telephony service provider  20  is normally part of a telephone central office. SLIC  31  in the second line service  30  is normally part of equipment installed at the subscriber&#39;s location.  
         [0019]    The SLICs  21  and  31  provide an interface between the telephony service providers  20  and  30  and the subscriber lines  22  and  32 , and perform ringing, loop current feed, dial digit detection, and two wire to four wire conversion functions. SLIC  31  includes a foreign voltage sensor adapted to detect and measure a foreign voltage present on the subscriber line  32 . For example, if the voltage on the subscriber line  32  is less than a predetermined value, for example, 6V, the status of the subscriber line  32  is set as “safe to drive”. If the voltage on the subscriber line  32  is greater than the predetermined value, the status of the subscriber line  32  is set as “another service present”.  
         [0020]    In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second voltage detection on the subscriber line  32  is performed after a usage-dependent interval to minimize disruption of service availability. Preferably, the time interval is determined by heuristic rules. The heuristic takes into account recent line usage history, time of day, and other factors.  
         [0021]    A method for detecting presence of service, according to the present invention, is preferably performed during times of day during which calls are less likely to occur (for example, late at night) or when the connection to the second telephony service provider  30  will be changed (for example, during the first hour after the second telephony service provider device  30  is powered on, or for some time following a power outage).  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a method for detecting presence of services, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The SLIC  31  of the second telephony service provider  30  is disabled during the second telephony service provider  30  starting up its service (S 10 ). The foreign voltage sensor (unshown) of the SLIC  31  detects a voltage on the subscriber line  32  (S 20 ).  
         [0023]    When the voltage on the subscriber line  32  is greater than a predetermined voltage, for example, about 6V, the SLIC  31  remains disabled. The voltage greater than the predetermined value indicates there is an existing service (S 70 ), for example, the SLIC  21  of the first telephony service provider  20  providing a service. When the voltage is less than about 6V, i.e., there is no existing service, the SLIC  31  of the second telephony service provider  30  is enabled (S 30 ).  
         [0024]    A timer and heuristic rules determine when a second voltage detection can be performed by the SLIC  31  of the second telephony service provider  30  (S 40 ). The heuristic rules takes into account recent line usage history and time of day in order to minimize disruption of service availability. The test checks whether the subscriber line  32  is now off hook; whether the SLIC  31  started up within last hour; whether a last call completed more than a predetermined time ago; whether a time is now low call traffic; or whether the SLIC  31  is operating from battery power or recently switched from battery power to line power. After a usage-dependent time has elapsed, the SLIC  31  is again disabled, and the voltage polarity on the subscriber line  32  is rapidly alternated to clear charge on the subscriber line  32  (S 50 ) to perform a second voltage detection. The voltage on the subscriber line  32  is tested to determine whether the voltage is greater than a predetermined voltage, for example, about 6V (S 60 ). If the voltage is greater than 6V, the SLIC  31  is disabled. Otherwise, the SLIC  31  is enabled and the timer and heuristics continue to select optimal times to test for presence of another service on the line.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 3 is an exemplary circuit diagram of a foreign voltage sensor, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, a sensor (unshown) of the SLIC  31  measures the ring to tip voltage of the subscriber line  32  differentially, and it senses both positive and negative polarity, because it is common for the tip and ring signal polarity to be inverted in residential wiring. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the sensor comprises a window comparator with difference amplifier input stage. The threshold voltage for detecting a foreign voltage is set to ±6V, which is less than the voltage across an off-hook telephone, but is high enough to permit the subscriber line to be discharged quickly below the threshold if no other device is driving it.  
         [0026]    In FIG. 3, V 1  represents the voltage across tip and ring of the subscriber line  32 . Difference amplifier A 1  produces an output voltage of one tenth of the differential ring-tip voltage and applies this signal to comparators A 2  and A 3 . The network R 1 , R 2 , C 1  low-pass filters the tip and ring signal. A 2  compares the A 1  output to a first reference voltage from the voltage divider R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12  across power supply V 2 . The junction of R 7 , R 10 , R 11  acts as a common reference point. If the test voltage applied to A 2  is less positive than the first reference voltage, A 2 &#39;s output will be high impedance. If A 3 &#39;s output is also high impedance, there will be no current through R 15 , so the circuit&#39;s output signal will be pulled to the V 3  supply voltage by R 13 . Similarly, if the test voltage from A 1  to A 3  is less negative than a second reference voltage. A 3 &#39;s output will be high impedance.  
         [0027]    If instead the test voltage applied to A 2  is more positive than the first reference voltage, A 2 &#39;s output will be driven to the negative supply (−24V), so the circuit output voltage will be about 0.3 V. Similarly, if the test voltage applied to A 3  is more negative than the second reference voltage, A 3 &#39;s output will be driven to the negative supply and the circuit output will be about 0.3 V.  
         [0028]    This forms a window comparator. If the tip and ring voltage is within a window of about −6 V to about +6 V, the circuit output will be 3.3V (high for a logic circuit input), but if the tip and ring voltage is more positive than +6V or more negative than −6 V, the circuit output will be about 0.3 V (low logic input).  
         [0029]    While this invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.