Abstract:
An airbag for a motor vehicle capable of adjusting its internal pressure to the size of a vehicle occupant and to the accident situation. This adaptation is achieved by purely passive means. The airbag includes an airbag cover enclosing a gas chamber and also has at least one venting arrangement which connects the gas chamber with an external environment. Gas flow through the venting arrangement is throttled or blocked when a certain area of the airbag cover meets an obstacle. The venting arrangement includes at least one opening in the airbag cover and a tube which is connected with the airbag cover. The at least one opening ends in the tube, and the tube includes an exit opening to the external environment.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application claims priority to German patent applications 102004042209.5, filed Sep. 1, 2004 and 20100408898.3, filed Oct. 6, 2004 and PCT/EP2005/009260, filed Aug. 27, 2005. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention relates to an airbag for use in a motor vehicle. More particularly, the present invention relates to a front or side airbag having passive internal pressure regulation.  
         [0004]     2. Description of Related Art  
         [0005]     Airbags which do not have any mechanisms for situation-dependent regulation of the internal pressure are only ideal for a vehicle occupant of a certain weight and height in certain specific accident situations. For different size occupants accidents in different accident situations from those specified, the airbag is either too hard or too soft. If, for example, such an unregulated airbag is designed for a male wearing a seat belt who is 1.80 m tall and who weighs 80 kg, such an airbag will be too hard for a female wearing a seat belt who is 1.65 m tall and weighs 60 kg and too soft for the male described above not wearing a seat belt.  
         [0006]     In order to counteract this problem, airbags are known with at least one passive venting arrangement via which the gas can exit from the airbag and regulate the pressure. The gas stream can be throttled by this venting arrangement depending on the situation. In addition, active systems exist where, for example, sensors measure the weight of the occupants and electrically adjust the effective cross-section of the venting arrangement based on the sensor measurements. However, such systems are complex and expensive and susceptible to operational errors.  
         [0007]     An airbag with variable internal pressure is known from U.S. Pat. No. 6,419,267 whose internal pressure depends on the size of the vehicle occupant to be retained, and includes a passive venting arrangement. This airbag includes an inner and outer airbag cover. The inner cover includes holes or permeable fabric in a certain area, so that gas can penetrate from the gas chamber which is surrounded by the inner airbag cover into the area between the inner airbag cover and the outer airbag cover and from there can fully exit from the airbag. If a vehicle occupant strikes against the outer airbag cover, this cover is pressed in sections onto the inner airbag cover, so that a part of the holes or the permeable fabric is covered and the gas stream is reduced. The larger the occupant who strikes the airbag, the more the airstream is throttled and therefore the harder the airbag.  
         [0008]     Because of this cover design, the airbag becomes relatively heavy and requires a relatively large volume of space when folded. Furthermore, such an airbag becomes strongly cushion-shaped during filling, so that it is difficult to implement a side airbag with this design.  
         [0009]     In view of the above, it is apparent that there exists a need for an improved airbag capable of regulating its internal pressure that is smaller, lighter, and can be configured as a side airbag.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0010]     In satisfying the above need, as well as overcoming the enumerated drawbacks and other limitations of the related art, the present invention provides an airbag that is smaller and lighter in its inactive state and that can also be configured as a side airbag. A further task of the invention is to create a vehicle including such an airbag.  
         [0011]     The airbag of the present invention includes a venting arrangement which is formed in such a way that when a certain area of the airbag cover strikes an obstacle, in this case a vehicle occupant, the gas stream which exits from the airbag can be throttled or completely blocked to adjust the firmness of the airbag.  
         [0012]     According to the present invention, the venting arrangement consists of at least one opening in the airbag cover and a tube joined to the cover which is connected with the airbag cover. The opening can be a hole in the airbag cover, or a gas-permeable fabric section. The tube is easy to manufacture and only slightly increases the weight and the packing volume of the airbag. The form of the impact surface is not influenced by the tube, allowing an airbag according to the present invention to also be configured for use as a side airbag.  
         [0013]     The area of the tube is relatively small. However, in order to achieve the desired effect despite this, namely that the pressure of the airbag adapts to the size of the vehicle occupant and the accident situation, the tube must be located at a carefully selected area of the expanded airbag. In the case of a side airbag, the tube preferably extends basically horizontal at the height of the shoulders of a 50th percentile male in a standard seating position.  
         [0014]     In the case of a front airbag, the tube preferably extends from a lower central area to the outside, and/or it extends basically horizontally in a mid to top area. It is also possible to provide several tubes running parallel to one another.  
         [0015]     Further objects, features and advantages of this invention will become readily apparent to persons skilled in the art after a review of the following description, with reference to the drawings and claims that are appended to and form a part of this specification. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]      FIG. 1  is a completely expanded side airbag including a venting arrangement according to the principles of the present invention;  
         [0017]      FIG. 2  is a section along the line A-A of  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0018]      FIG. 3  is the side airbag of  FIG. 1  installed relative to a 5th percentile female occupant in a standard seating position;  
         [0019]      FIG. 4  is the side airbag of  FIG. 1  installed relative to a 50th percentile male occupant in a standard seating position;  
         [0020]      FIG. 5  is the occupant of  FIG. 4 , wherein the upper body of the male occupant is rotated forward;  
         [0021]      FIG. 6  is a completely expanded front airbag including a venting arrangement according to the principles of the present invention;  
         [0022]      FIG. 7  is a section along the line B-B of  FIG. 6 ;  
         [0023]      FIG. 8  is the front airbag of  FIG. 6  installed relative to occupants of different sizes wearing seat belts;  
         [0024]      FIG. 9  is the front airbag of  FIG. 8  showing the occupants without seat belts;  
         [0025]      FIG. 10  is the front airbag of  FIG. 9  showing a 50th percentile male occupant without a seat belt during a 30° offset frontal impact;  
         [0026]      FIG. 11  is a second embodiment of a front airbag according to the present invention installed relative to occupants of different sizes wearing seat belts;  
         [0027]      FIG. 12  is the embodiment of  FIG. 11  showing the occupants without seat belts;  
         [0028]      FIG. 13  is the embodiment of  FIG. 12  showing a 50th percentile male occupant without a seat belt during a 30° offset frontal impact;  
         [0029]      FIG. 14  is another embodiment of the front airbag of  FIG. 6 ;  
         [0030]      FIG. 15  is another embodiment of the front airbag of  FIG. 11 ;  
         [0031]      FIG. 16  is a side view of an alternate embodiment of a front airbag completely expanded within a motor vehicle;  
         [0032]      FIG. 17  is a top view of the airbag of  FIG. 16 ;  
         [0033]      FIG. 18  is an enlarged section of the airbag of  FIG. 16 ;  
         [0034]      FIG. 19  is a section through the tube of the airbag of  FIG. 16 ;  
         [0035]      FIG. 20  is a side view of the airbag of  FIG. 16  showing an occupant impacting the airbag;  
         [0036]      FIG. 21  is a section of the tube of  FIG. 19  shown during the impact of the occupant as illustrated in  FIG. 20 ;  
         [0037]      FIG. 22  is a section of an airbag showing an alternate embodiment of the tube of  FIG. 19 ;  
         [0038]      FIG. 23  is a side view of a third embodiment of a front airbag, configured as a passenger airbag, in contact with a female occupant; and  
         [0039]      FIG. 24  is the passenger airbag of  FIG. 23  in contact with a male occupant.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0040]     Referring now to the drawings, an airbag embodying the principles of the present invention is illustrated therein and designated at  10 .  FIG. 1  shows the airbag  10  in the form of a side airbag. In an upper area of the airbag  10  an impact surface  12  of the airbag  10  includes an opening  14 . From this opening  14 , a tube  16  extends along a slightly bent, although mainly horizontal, path. The tube  16  is formed from a fabric element  18  which is sewn onto the airbag cover  19  of the airbag  10  (see  FIG. 2 ). The opening  14  can be a hole in the airbag cover  19  or a gas-permeable area of the airbag cover  19 . One side of the tube  16  is open, so that an exit opening to an exterior environment is formed.  
         [0041]     In an expanded, but non-loaded state, gas flows from interior of the airbag  10 , through the opening  14 , into the tube  16  and from there into the interior of the motor vehicle. This flow path is maintained if the impact surface  12  is pressed in an area beneath the tube  16 . However, if one presses onto the tube  16  from the outside, and the tube is fully or partly closed blocking some or all of the gas from escaping the venting arrangement, the airbag becomes more firm (i.e. pressure increases).  
         [0042]     FIGS.  3  to  5  show the tube  16  positioned in the vehicle with a fully expanded airbag  10 .  FIG. 3  shows an occupant D 1  of a 5th percentile female in her standard seating position. The tube  16  is at the height of the neck of the female occupant D 1 . In the case of a side impact, when the female D 1  occupant strikes against the airbag  10  the shoulder area comes into contact with the airbag cover  19 . In this case the tube  16  is not contacted, so that gas can escape through the tube  16  and the airbag becomes relatively soft.  
         [0043]      FIGS. 4 and 5  show a 50th percentile male occupant D 2 . In this case, the shoulder area is at the height of the tube  16  in his standard seating position (see  FIG. 4 ). If the male occupant strikes against the airbag  10 , the gas flow through the tube  16  is blocked, no gas can escape, and the airbag becomes correspondingly harder. In general, at least one additional opening is provided, so that the airbag does not exceed a certain maximum pressure.  
         [0044]     As can be seen from  FIG. 5 , where the male occupant D 2  is in a rotated forward seating position, tube  16  is also blocked if the male occupant D 2  strikes the airbag  10 . This rotating position may result, for example, because of a sudden deceleration.  
         [0045]     As previously mentioned, the present invention can also be used for front airbags.  FIG. 6  shows a first embodiment of such an airbag  10  designed as a front airbag. As is also the case with the side airbags mentioned above, the impact surface  12  carries the venting arrangement including an opening  14  and a tube  16 . Reference can be made to the above embodiment with regard to the mode of functioning and form of the tube  16 .  
         [0046]     FIGS.  8  to  10  show the position of the front airbag of  FIG. 6  in relation to different sized occupants which have fallen into the airbag  10  in different accident situations.  FIG. 8  shows the situation in the case of a frontal collision with a vehicle occupant wearing a seat belt. The first occupant D 1  shows a 5th percentile female and the second occupant D 2  shows a 50th percentile male and the third occupant D 3  a 95th percentile male, all wearing seat belts.  
         [0047]     As can be seen, only the 95th percentile male occupant closes the venting arrangement, increasing the internal pressure and making the airbag correspondingly more firm. The venting arrangement remains open with the other two occupants.  
         [0048]      FIG. 9  shows the same situation as above with the same types of vehicle occupants, but without wearing seat belts. Because of the greater forward displacement of the pelvis, there is a greater upper body angle and therefore a higher position of the breast area and the head. Here, the 95th percentile male and the 50th percentile male occupant close the venting arrangement if they are not wearing seat belts and the arrangement only remains open in the case of the 5th percentile female occupant. Therefore it is possible to see that the internal pressure of the airbag not only adapts to the size of the vehicle occupants, and therefore also generally speaking to their weight, but it also adapts to the accident situation, for example, with or without seat belts.  
         [0049]     In  FIG. 10 , the tube  16  is shown arranged basically horizontally with a slight curve on the impact surface  12 . The curved shape is selected so that the behaviour of the system is still maintained if the upper body of the vehicle occupant is tilted when it falls into the bag because of a front impact offset to the side. In  FIG. 10 , a 50th percentile male occupant D 2  not wearing a seat belt in a frontal collision offset by 30° is shown.  
         [0050]     In the embodiments shown up to now, there are basically only two states, namely “venting arrangement open” and “venting arrangement closed”. In some applications it can naturally be desirable to achieve a kind of continuous regulation of the airbag firmness. FIGS.  11  to  13  show an embodiment of a front airbag which fulfils this requirement.  
         [0051]     In this embodiment, the venting arrangement includes two tubes  16  each covering several openings of the airbag cover. The two tubes  16  respectively extend from a lower central area diagonally upwards. Because of this arrangement, the number of covered openings  14  in a frontal collision depends on the size of the occupant and on the accident situation, such as whether the occupant is wearing a seat belt or not.  
         [0052]      FIG. 11  shows the situation with occupants D 1 -D 3  of different sizes, which correspond to the occupants in FIGS.  8  to  10 . It can be seen that the smallest occupant D 1  covers four openings, the largest occupant D 3  six openings and the central occupant D 2  five openings. The airbag therefore becomes harder as the occupants to be restrained become larger.  
         [0053]      FIG. 12  shows the situation of  FIG. 11  with an occupant not wearing a seat belt. Here it can be seen that each occupant covers more openings than the embodiment of  FIG. 11 , so that the airbag becomes correspondingly more firm.  
         [0054]      FIG. 13  shows the situation in a 30° diagonal impact and a 50th percentile male occupant D 2  not wearing a seat belt. Because of the symmetrical structure of the tubes  16  running upwards at an angle, the number of openings  14  which are covered are the same as in the frontal collision shown in  FIG. 12 . This means that the behaviour of the airbag is non-variant in relation to the angle of collision impact, at least within a certain range.  
         [0055]     The firmness of the embodiments of a front airbag described up to now does not depend on whether a pure frontal collision, or a frontal collision which is offset to the side, occurs. This is often useful and desirable. However, in some vehicle types it can be desired that the front airbag behaves differently in the case of a frontal collision offset to the side than in a pure frontal collision and particularly that the airbag exhibits greater holding capacity as regards the occupant in the case of a frontal collision offset to the side.  
         [0056]      FIG. 14  shows a variation of the airbag shown and described in FIGS.  6  to  10  with  FIG. 14  corresponding to the situation of  FIG. 10 . In addition to a first opening  14   a , the airbag cover includes a second opening  14   b , which opens into the tube  16 . In the case of a diagonally offset collision, as shown in  FIG. 14 , both openings  14   a  and  14   b  are blocked and the airbag reaches its maximum firmness. In the case of the pure frontal collision, see again, for example,  FIGS. 8 and 9 , only the gas stream from the first opening  14   a  is blocked, while the second opening  14   b  remains open and the airbag has a lesser firmness.  
         [0057]      FIG. 15  shows a variation of the front airbag described in FIGS.  11  to  13 . In this embodiment, there is only one tube  16 , in which several holes  14  end. In the case of a diagonal impact, more holes  14  are covered, and there is no compensation for this by means of a symmetrically arranged additional tube  16 , so that the airbag can have a greater internal pressure in the case of a diagonally offset front impact.  
         [0058]     The tubes  16  extend to the edge of the airbag in all embodiments, so that the occupant cannot come into contact with hot gases being expelled from the airbag.  
         [0059]     The embodiment shown in FIGS.  16  to  21  includes several tubes  16  which are arranged in parallel on the impact surface  12  of an airbag  10  configured as a passenger airbag, which serve as venting channels.  FIG. 16  shows the activated state, in which the airbag  10  is filled with gas. To simplify the drawings, the additional components required to activate the airbag  10  are not shown.  FIG. 16  shows the occupant D 2  which is about to move towards the airbag  10  which is filled with gas.  
         [0060]     The arrangement of the tubes of airbag  10  can be seen in a top view of airbag  10  shown in  FIG. 17 . One opening  14  (see  FIG. 18 ) opens into tubes (i.e., venting channels)  16 ,  16 ′,  16 ″ respectively. When the airbag  10  is inflated by being filled with gas, the gas flows out of the openings  14  causing tubes  16 ,  16 ′,  16 ″ to be inflated. In the embodiment shown here, the openings  14  open into the tube a distance between the two open ends of the tubes  16 ,  16 ′,  16 ″ at approximately the center between the two ends.  
         [0061]     Tubes  16 ,  16 ′,  16 ″ are each formed by a fabric element  18  connected with the cover of the airbag  10 , as shown in the section view of  FIG. 19 . The fabric element  18  is the same material as the airbag  10 . This means that each fabric element  18  is flexible and in this embodiment takes on approximately the cross-sectional form shown in  FIG. 19 . The cross-section through the tube  16  shown in  FIG. 19  is represented in the area of the opening  14  which opens into the tube  16 . The fabric elements  18  of the tubes  16  rise off of the impact surface  12  of the airbag  10  towards the occupant D 2  because of the pressure in the airbag  10  and exiting through the openings  14  into the tubes  16 ,  16 ′,  16 ″. Depending on the kinetic energy with which the occupant D 2  strikes the impact surface  12  of the airbag  10 , the tubes  16 ,  16 ′,  16 ″ are more or less deformed with regard to their cross-sectional surface, as shown in  FIGS. 20 and 21 . The flexible and yielding characteristics of the fabric elements  18  of the tubes  16 ,  16 ′,  16 ″ are utilized here. If the occupant D 2  strikes the tubes  16 ,  16 ′,  16 ″ of the airbag  10  with a higher kinetic energy, the free cross-sectional surface available for venting of the airbag  10  in the area of the impact is correspondingly reduced and therefore its free capacity as regards gas throughflow is reduced, so that the gas contained in the airbag  10  escapes more slowly. As a result, the airbag  10  is harder compared with the situation when the occupant D 2  meets the activated airbag with a lower kinetic energy. In such a case, the free cross-sectional surface of the tubes  16 ,  16 ′,  16 ″ is reduced to a lesser extent (if at all) and the airbag  10  is softer since the gas contained in it can flow out through the larger cross-sectional flow area more quickly.  
         [0062]      FIG. 22  shows a section of yet another airbag  10  that includes a large number of openings  14 , which each open into a short tube  16 . In this embodiment, the tubes  16  serve the same purpose as the tubes in the embodiment described in FIGS.  16  to  21 . The intention of the embodiment shown in  FIG. 22  is to demonstrate that the tubes  16  can, in principle, be extremely short.  
         [0063]      FIGS. 23 and 24  show another example of a front passenger airbag. Here, the tube  16 , in which the openings  14  (not shown) end, is located in an area which, when the airbag is fully expanded, is in an area in front of the instrument panel  1 . The tube  16  extends basically horizontally along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.  
         [0064]      FIG. 23  shows the situation with an occupant D 1  representing a 5th percentile woman, contact the airbag  10 . Here, the upper body of occupant D 1  is already displaced forwards following the collision. It can be seen that the knee area of the occupant D 1  does not touch the tube  16 , so that the airbag  10  is vented by the tube  16 . The airbag is therefore relatively soft.  
         [0065]      FIG. 24  shows the situation with an occupant D 3  which represents a 95th percentile male contacting the airbag  10 . Due to the clearly longer length of the legs of the occupant D 3 , compared with the occupant D 1 , after a certain forwards displacement, an area above the knee of the occupant D 3  presses on and closes the tube  16 . The airbag  10  is not vented, or only slightly vented, through the tube  16 , resulting in a desired increase in internal pressure and therefore firmness of the airbag.  
         [0066]     The location of the tube  15  in the area shown here in front of the instrument panel  1 , and the spatial relationship of the tube  16  to the knees at an area shortly above the knees of the occupant has the advantage that adjustment of the internal pressure already takes place completely, or at least in part, before the upper body of an occupant meets the impact surface  12 . In addition, because of the different leg lengths of different size occupants, small and large occupants can be differentiated with a high degree of reliability.  
         [0067]     As a rule an additional venting opening is present in all embodiments relating to a front airbag, so that a certain maximum pressure is maintained even if the tube or tubes  16  are completely blocked.  
         [0068]     As a person skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the above description is meant as an illustration of implementation of the principles of this invention. This description is not intended to limit the scope or application of this invention in that the invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change, without departing from the spirit of this invention, as defined in the following claims.