Abstract:
A method and system for viewing and trading futures and other tradeable objects. The invention includes improved user interfaces for use with trading systems that allows users to more efficiently execute and manage trades. A dynamic price ladder allows a trader to see price gaps while remaining in a dynamic mode. The “sticky cells” feature prevents user errors which can occur when the display updates causing the cell under the mouse pointer to move up or down. Particular portions of the display can be color coded to provide a user with a easy way to determine market trends. A static working order screen allows a trader to visually see working orders from closest to furthest away from the market and can also allow for orders to be cancelled.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/064,052, “Systems and Methods for Viewing and Trading Futures,” filed on Feb. 13, 2008, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention relates generally to the field of systems for buying and selling tradeable assets. More particularly, the present invention relates to computerized systems and methods for displaying information about tradeable assets and allowing a user to interact with the display to effect trades. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Through the years, methods for trading financial instruments, such as securities or derivatives, have evolved from manual, paper-intensive processes to electronic, often automated processes. Advances in technology have reshaped the way in which both exchanges and trading institutions conduct business. As a result, traders can directly contact the market from nearly anywhere and in near real-time, without the need to make personal contact with a broker. 
         [0006]    Because most exchanges throughout the world now support electronic trading systems, a larger number of traders participate within the markets at any given time. The increase in the number of potential traders has led to more competition, liquidity, and volatility. As a result, the speed at which traders can receive data (i.e., market data) and submit trade orders to exchanges has become of great importance. 
         [0007]    There are generally two different types of electronic markets: displayed and dark (or undisplayed). Displayed markets publish data regarding bids and offers while dark markets do not publish the data. Traders typically use trading software, which includes a computer interface that displays market data (i.e., from published markets) and tracks the trader&#39;s market positions (e.g., portfolio of investments, pending orders, contemplated orders, etc.). Such trading applications may include interactive screens that enable traders to obtain market quotes, to enter and execute orders, and monitor positions while implementing various trading strategies. 
         [0008]    Currently known trading applications have the disadvantage that they do not allow efficient execution and management of trades across multiple asset classes. Furthermore, in markets characterized by rapidly fluctuating prices, the user display must be frequently updated, which can make executing trades difficult. Thus, there is a need for new and improved systems and methods for electronic trading. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    According to aspects of the present invention, a trading system is provided that may include a client application, which allows a user to view market information for a number of tradeable assets, such as commodities. This client application can be updated on a periodic basis to reflect the state of the market. Preferably, updates occur quickly and in near real-time. Aspects of the invention related to novel ways to display trade data and features for interactive trading based on the displayed data. Bids and offers (also called “asks”) existing in the marketplace can be displayed along with the orders a user has placed. The marketplace could consist of one or more exchanges, alternative trading systems (ATSs), Electronic Crossing Networks (ECNs) or similar systems. Market movement and other information are indicated using various visual techniques. This client application could be executed on the user&#39;s computer or implemented as a web application which the user would access via a browser. This client interface could be configured to execute in conjunction with an execution management system (EMS) or an order management system (OMS.) 
         [0010]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the client application may include a futures window having a Dynamic Price Ladder with the ability to show price gaps while staying in a dynamic model. This feature allows a trader to view “tick” gaps and to place orders within the market where there are no resting bids or offers. Current systems only publish on the 5 best bids and offers regardless of liquidity price gaps. 
         [0011]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the futures window includes “Sticky Cell” and timer functionality for order entry within the Bid, Ask, or Price column of the futures window. This feature enables traders to trade at a the price they choose within a dynamic price ladder instead of trading the current price, no matter what the price is, within the cell the trader clicks on. This sticky cell functionality, also allows a trader to place a limit bid or offer above or below the market at a certain price. The price the “Sticky Cell” can be locked on will be the limit price of the order. 
         [0012]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the client application can be configured such that input from a peripheral device, such as a mouse, can be used to create indicators within the futures window. A middle mouse click or other user input may highlight/color code the dynamic price ladder to feel the ebb and flow of the market. By clicking on the middle mouse wheel or button, the top and bottom price fully displayed within the futures window is highlighted green (top) and red (bottom). Due to the fact we are using a dynamic price ladder with the best bid and offer constantly being displayed in the middle of the trading window and price action moving the dynamic price ladder up and down, highlighting the top and bottom prices will allow a trader to feel the ups and downs (ebb and flow) of the current market conditions. The trader can also rest the highlighted prices by middle mouse wheel/button clicking. 
         [0013]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the client application may also include a static working order screen in addition to the dynamic price ladder in the futures window, wherein working orders are attached to a certain price, and continue to move up or down in the price ladder depending upon the movement of the market. Sometimes, working order may move outside of the visible market and traders forget they are working orders within the market. The static order pane may allow a trader to visually see working orders from closest to too furthest way from the market, even orders which are not on the visible current market. Orders may also be cancelled from this pane. 
         [0014]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, the system may be provided with the ability to quickly cancel a pre-determined amount of working orders, based upon price. A trader can specify how many working, price level, orders can be quickly cancelled, without canceling all, canceling all bids, or canceling all offers. 
         [0015]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, a computerized method for trading financial instruments is provided. The method includes a step of receiving over a network, data reflecting current bid and offer quantities and prices for a tradeable asset. The method further includes a step of displaying to the user current bid and offer quantities and prices for the tradeable asset in a tabular format that includes horizontally oriented rows and vertically oriented columns. Each row consists of at least three cells. The middle cell contains a possible price level for the tradeable asset, the leftmost cell contains the quantity of the current offers corresponding to the price level displayed in said middle cell, and a rightmost cell contains the quantity of the current bids corresponding to the price level displayed in said middle cell. The display is periodically updated each time new data is received. The method further includes steps of receiving first data from a user input device representing a particular cell the user input device is indicating, calculating the length of time the user input device has indicated the particular cell, storing the first data from a user input device representing the particular cell the user input device is indicating if the length of time calculated exceeds a predetermined amount of time, and receiving second data from the user input device representing a selection made by the user input device. The stored first data from the user input device is used in response to the second data representing a selection, even if the display has been updated and the user input device is now indicating a different cell. 
         [0016]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, a trade execution management system (EMS) is provided. The EMS includes a display interface executing on a computer which is configured to receive market data for a plurality of commodities traded on a financial market via an electronic communication network. The market data can include published bid and offer data for said plurality of commodities. The EMS is further configured to generate a display which includes a dynamic price window displaying at least the bid and offer data for at least one selected commodity, including the price and quantity for each bid and offer. The EMS is further configured to receive trade order data input from an input device coupled to said computer and to transmit trade orders based on said trade order data to the financial market on which the commodity is traded. The position of each bid and offer in the display is based upon price, with the best bid and best offer being positioned at predetermined positions within the dynamic price window and being separated by a visual indicator. The position of each bid and offer is adjusted substantially near real-time when the best bid or the best offer data changes. Further aspects and embodiments of the present invention are described below. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0017]    The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, illustrate various embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. 
           [0018]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagram illustrating a representative architecture of a system according to an embodiment of the invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 2-6  show representative portions of a graphical user interface for a computer display including a dynamic price ladder according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0020]      FIGS. 7-10  show representative portions of a graphical user interface for a computer display illustrating a sticky cells feature according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0021]      FIGS. 11-13  show representative portions of a graphical user interface for a computer display illustrating a market flow indication according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0022]      FIGS. 14-16  show representative portions of a graphical user interface for a computer display illustrating a static working order grid according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0023]      FIGS. 17 ,  18   a ,  19 , and  20  are screen shots of an exemplary client interface according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0024]      FIG. 18   b  is an expanded view of the last trade volume column shown in  FIG. 18   a.    
           [0025]      FIG. 21  is a schematic diagram illustrating the components of a system according to an embodiment of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0026]    The present invention relates to the display and trading of assets or tradeable objects, which may include financial instruments, commodities, currency, and other assets that can be exchanged or traded in a marketplace. For the purposes of illustrating the invention, the disclosure often describes the invention in terms of securities, commodities, and futures. However, the invention is not meant to be limited to any particular kind of asset or tradeable object. 
         [0027]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram that illustrates an exemplary representative architecture of a tradeable object display and trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The system shown in  FIG. 1  is provided solely for the sake of illustration and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Known computer architectures other than the one shown are contemplated. For example, a more centralized architecture could be utilized, or a more distributed one. 
         [0028]    The system includes client computer workstations  104 ,  106 ,  108  that may be connected to an electronic data network  112  and are used by traders working at a trading firm. The user interface components and features described later can be accessed from these client computer workstations. The network  112  can include a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), and/or the Internet. An application server  110  in communication with network  112  can be provided to host an Execution Management System (EMS), Order Management System (OMS) or similar application for managing a particular firm&#39;s trades. A database server  102  can be provided to store data relating to orders, bids, and offers for the EMS, OMS or similar application. Information regarding bids and offers being made in the market can be provided by a market data feed  114 . Any trades that are made are sent over electronic data network  112  to an exchange  116 . 
         [0029]    According to an embodiment of the invention, an EMS can be provided on one or more of the workstations  104 ,  106 ,  108  that allows a trader to view market data for one or more classes of tradeable assets and to buy and sell the assets. Accordingly, a client application that performs the features of the EMS may be executed on the workstations or otherwise accessed via the workstations. 
         [0030]    Aspects of the invention relate to novel ways to display the market data to the user and to allow the user to interact with the display to effect trades. According to one embodiment, a dynamic price ladder display mechanism or module is provided in the client interface that allows for the representation of price levels for all ticks or price levels possible for the asset or tradeable object being displayed, regardless of whether there is any volume being traded at those prices. 
         [0031]      FIGS. 2-6  are zoomed screen shots of a graphical user interface for a computer display employing a dynamic price mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. A dynamic price ladder  212  can be provided and displayed to a trader within the client user interfaces as a table with asset or tradeable object price levels being displayed in a middle column  202 . Each price level is contained in a separate row of the table. Columns of the table  212  represent additional information tied to the “carrying” price of the row (i.e., bid and offer quantities). Offer quantities are shown in the leftmost column  200  and bid quantities are shown in the rightmost column  204 . Prices that represent levels are constructed per tick size for the asset or tradeable object. 
         [0032]    Depending on the state of the market, there are three possible arrangements of the best prices in the ladder, as described below. The dynamic price ladder may be generated by a financial object display system ( FIG. 28 ). 
         [0033]    First,  FIG. 2  shows the dynamic price ladder  212  when the price level of the object of interest is between the best bid  210  and best offer  206  (i.e., the “ask”). A first indicator in the form of a thick division line  208  is provided that divides the best bid  210  from the best offer  206 . The background of the cells containing the best bid  210  and best offer  206  are shaded with different colors or patterns in order to further highlight to the user their status. The division line  208  can be provided at a predetermined position on the display with the best ask price above the line and the best bid below the line. Preferably, the division line  208  is centered in the viewable portion of the window in which the dynamic price ladder is displayed. Ask and bid prices can be displayed in sequential order (i.e., increasing asks and decreasing bids). 
         [0034]    Second,  FIG. 3  shows the dynamic price ladder  212  when there are one or more price levels for the tradeable object between the best bid  210  and best offer  206 . The row(s) of cells  304  encompassing the region in the table between the best bid  210  and best offer  206  are preferably visually distinguished from the cells containing the best bid  210  and the best offer  206 . For example, the system may vary the text attributes, border and/or background of this intermediate region to allow a user to quickly distinguish them from the cells containing the best bid  210  and best offer  206 . The system may also display an indicator in the form of two division lines  302  to further delineate the row(s) of cells  304  encompassing the region between the best bid  210  and best offer  206 . In an embodiment, one of the lines is disposed between the intermediate region and the best bid  210  and the other line is disposed between the intermediate region and the best offer  206 , such that the cells making up the intermediate region are disposed between the lines. 
         [0035]    Third,  FIG. 4  shows the dynamic price ladder  212  when there are one or more price levels for the tradeable object either at (or above) the best bid  210  and at (or lower) than the best offer  206 . In this case, the row(s) of cells  402  encompassing the region at (or above) the best bid  210  and at (or lower) than the best offer  206  are preferably visually distinguished from the cells containing the best bid  210  and the best offer  206 . For example, the system may vary the text attributes, border and/or background of the cells in this intermediate region to allow a user to quickly distinguish them from the cells containing the bids and offers that are not in these rows. Two division lines  400  can be provided to further delineate the row(s) of cells  402  encompassing the region between the best bid  210  and best offer  206 . 
         [0036]      FIG. 5  shows an embodiment of the invention in which the maximum and minimum bid and ask prices at which a trade was executed for a particular timeframe are computed by the system and the dynamic price ladder  212  is displayed with the maximum and minimum bid and ask prices shown for the timeframe by indicators on the dynamic price ladder. In the embodiment shown, the high bid is indicated with a dashed bounding line  500  above the corresponding price level row. Alternatively, this bounding line could be color coded or otherwise configured to differentiate the highest level reached in a particular timeframe. Also in this embodiment, the low ask price level at which a trade was executed is indicated by a dotted and dashed bounding line  502  below the corresponding price level row. Alternatively, this bounding line could be color coded or otherwise configured to differentiate the lowest price level at which a trade was executed reached in the particular timeframe. 
         [0037]      FIG. 6  shows how various price levels and quantities may be represented in the system by varying text attributes and background color or fill in order to enable the user to determine the importance of a price level at a glance. Possible renderings include: a price level between the best bid and offer  602 , the best bid/offer price level  604 , Price level with volume  606 , and price level without volume  608 . These display features or mechanisms can be incorporated into the dynamic price ladder by the system along with other shading and color mechanisms which make it easier for a user to determine the status of the market and their particular bids and offers. 
         [0038]    According to an embodiment of the invention, an interactive feature is included to prevent an error that may occur when a user is attempting to click on a cell in the grid when the market moves at the instant the user is clicking. This is achieved with a so-called “Sticky Cells” feature or mechanism. 
         [0039]    The Sticky Cells mechanism is based on the premise of cell “tagging.” Tagging a cell means that all keyboard and mouse input will go to that cell, regardless of whether the pointer is currently above it or not. The client application or system is configured so that a cell on the table is tagged when the mouse spends a configurable amount of time (in milliseconds) hovering above the cell. When the mouse pointer moves, the tag is re-set to the cell that pointer is over. While the mouse pointer is not being moved, or is moved to a location without taggable cells, the tag remains stuck to the cell even if the market moves causing the display to adjust, thus moving the cell in question up or down the ladder. 
         [0040]    The sticky cells effect is preferably configurable so that the user can choose which columns to use it in, and the amount of time it takes to tag a cell when the mouse is moving or hovering above it. Preferably, when a cell is tagged, the system displays an indicator that identifies the tagged cell to the user. 
         [0041]      FIGS. 7-10  illustrate an example of how the Sticky Cells feature functions according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0042]      FIG. 7  illustrates the mouse pointer or cursor  700  on a user&#39;s display being moved to table cell  702  containing an offer of 43 at 1.03. In an embodiment, the cursor  700  is caused to move by the system in response to operation by the user of a user interface device such as a mouse or keyboard. In  FIG. 8 , when the cursor  700  moves through, or hovers over table cell  702  containing the offer of 43 at 1.03 for the preconfigured amount of time, the display system or interface is configured so that the cell is “tagged,” which is indicated by the thick cell border  704 . In addition to or instead of increasing thickness, the cell border  704  might also be highlighted by changing to a particular color, pattern, or displaying an animation, such as a flashing border or background. Alternatively, the system may change a text attribute and/or background of the cell to indicate that the cell has been tagged. 
         [0043]      FIG. 9  illustrates that when the market moves by one price tick down, the display is adjusted accordingly. Until the tag is reset, the table cell  702  containing the offer of 43 at 1.03 remains “tagged,” as indicated by the thick cell border  704 . More specifically, as price levels shift up and down in relation to the best bid or offer indicator  208 , which preferably remains centered, the tagged cell indicator  704  moves with the price levels. Accordingly, if the cursor  700  remains stationary as the market data moves, it may reside over or point to a cell other than the tagged cell. 
         [0044]    In  FIG. 10 , the user makes a selection with the user input device (e.g., by clicking a mouse button) but the selection registers in the “tagged” cell  702 , rather than the cell which the cursor  700  is over at the time the selection is made. The cell that registers the click is now indicated by the system, e.g., by changing the background or border  1000  or by means of some other visual signal indicating that the user&#39;s selection has been applied to that cell. 
         [0045]    Programmatically, the display system or application can include objects, components, or modules for tagging a cell and maintaining it as the active location even as data moves on the screen. One skilled in the art will understand that, depending upon the language selected for creating the client display system or application, a number of techniques could be used to effect the Sticky Cells function. 
         [0046]    According to an embodiment of the present invention, features can be provided that present the data in such a way that the user can quickly discern market flow based on various coloring and shading schemes. This market flow indication allows a trader to get a sense of the direction of market flow. 
         [0047]      FIG. 11  shows an initial state of the dynamic price ladder according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, price levels are displayed in a viewport  1102 , which is centered on the current best bid  1104  and best offer  1106 . When the market moves, the viewport  1102  readjusts so as to keep the best prices at the vertical center. All price levels are displayable, regardless of whether there is any volume at the price. 
         [0048]    In an embodiment, by pressing and holding down the Shift key, the user can scroll the viewport  1102  up or down by using the mouse wheel. When the Shift key is released, the viewport  1102  returns to the centered position. While the viewport  1102  is scrolled away, the user can still interact with the grid and the viewport  1102  doesn&#39;t readjust on market move. 
         [0049]    In a preferred embodiment, when data flow visualized through the price ladder is interrupted, the view freezes, ceases being interactive, and is “grayed” over or otherwise modified to indicate that the prices are not live anymore. 
         [0050]    According to an embodiment of the invention, when looking at the viewport  1102  centered at the current bests in a price ladder, the trader sometimes needs an indication of the direction of market flow in comparison to some previous point in time. That is, a trader desires to visually understand the movement of the market during the trading day. The present invention achieves this with market highlighting features or indicators. 
         [0051]      FIG. 12  shows the display after the user provides a particular input (e.g., a middle mouse click) on the price ladder or elsewhere on the display to initiate the market highlighting features or indicators. In this view, the topmost price level  1202  and the bottommost price level  1204  visible in the current viewport  1102  are highlighted by varying text attributes, background and/or borders. For example, the topmost price  1200  can be indicated by highlighting in bright green and the bottom most price  1202  can be indicated by be highlighting in red. In an embodiment, the background color of price level rows outside the current viewport  1206  becomes dark green for above and dark red for below  1208 . This indicates and marks the current market position. 
         [0052]      FIG. 13  shows the display after the market has moved up by 0.02. As the market moves up or down, the previously marked topmost price level  1202  and the bottommost price level  1204  remain highlighted, and depending on the direction of the market movement, the rows that were outside of the viewport at the time of the middle mouse click now become visible. 
         [0053]    As the market is moving up, rows indicated by dark green background color  1206  move into the viewport. As the market is moving down, rows with dark red background  1208  (as shown in  FIG. 12 ) move into the viewport. These indicators allow the trader to quickly and easily discern the direction and the extent of the market movement since the time he/she marked the market position. 
         [0054]    The dynamic price ladder can be configured to display the trader&#39;s orders at their corresponding price levels. However, this also means that the order information will follow the movement of its corresponding price level as the market moves, thus making it difficult for the trader to view and manipulate their orders. 
         [0055]    According to an embodiment of the invention as shown in  FIG. 14 , a static working orders grid  1400  is displayed on the workstation to provide the trader with an overview of his open orders for the tradeable object viewed. The grid  1400  is preferably configured to allow the trader to cancel orders directly. In the static working orders grid  1400 , orders are preferably presented as a vertically stacked table with each row corresponding to an order price. In an embodiment, the grid  1400  includes, at least, columns for price  1404  and buy/sell order size  1406  and is sorted by price, with the highest on top. Buy and sell orders are preferably separated by a splitter line  1402  at the vertical center of the grid. If only buy or sell orders exist, then the splitter line is preferably not shown and all orders are displayed as a vertically centered group, e.g., as in  FIG. 15 . The system is preferably configured so that when a user selects an order using a user input device (e.g., by left mouse clicking on an order volume), the order can be cancelled. The system can provide an indication that an order is cancelable, e.g., by displaying a small red “x”  1408  to the right of the order volume. 
         [0056]      FIG. 16  shows an embodiment in which multiple orders at the same price are aggregated into a single row. If there are multiple orders in the row, then the cancel indicator (“x”) is replaced with the down-arrow symbol  1600  that indicates that selecting the order (e.g, by left-clicking) will display a drop-down menu  1602  for selecting which of the aggregated orders to cancel. 
         [0057]    The system can be configured such that right clicking on a multiple-order cell with a mouse will cancel all aggregate orders without the need for a drop-down menu. In an embodiment, the table can be scrolled up or down with the use of the mouse wheel or some other input device. In an embodiment, clicking on the Price column header re-centers the table on the buy/sell splitter. In an embodiment, if data flow visualized through this order grid is interrupted, the view freezes, stops being interactive and is altered by the system, e.g., “grayed” over to indicate that the order status is not up-to-date. 
         [0058]    The Assignee of the present invention owns and operates an exemplary futures trading offering known as ITG MATRIX, which allows a trader to efficiently execute and manage trades across multiple asset classes with the confidence and anonymity that innovative technology, experience, and broker-neutrality provide. The trading system includes sophisticated tools for electronic execution and risk management; traders can access individual markets or trade multiple asset classes side-by-side. One-click trading capabilities promote efficiency and high-speed routers and algorithms maximize opportunities for best execution. Alternatively, the market data and order entry APIs enable low latency direct market access from black-box or automated trading strategy. Either access method facilitates fast, anonymous, and reliable multi-asset trading. The trading system offers, among other things, features for consolidated equities, options, futures, fixed income, and foreign exchange trading, high-speed access to exchanges, ECNs, dark pools, and algorithms, streaming market data, position monitor and risk management tools, message monitor to track activity, and API access for black-box automated strategies. As should be understood by the skilled person in the art, aspects of the present invention, which are described in further detail below, may be implemented in a trading offering such as ITG MATRIX. 
         [0059]      FIG. 17  is a screenshot from ITG MATRIX showing various features described above incorporated into the user interface of a trading application. In addition to the dynamic price ladder  212 , several other controls and views are shown. The particular tradeable asset being viewed in the dynamic price ladder and related screens is selected via a drop down control  1702 . A green line  1704  is used to indicate the maximum ask price for the day and a red line  1706  is used to indicate the minimum bid price for the day. 
         [0060]    Another feature which allows a trader to more easily discern the state of the market is the shading of the background of cells. In the example shown, cells containing bid prices  1708  have a background shade of blue. Cells containing ask prices  1710  have a background shade of red or burgundy. The shading of various cell backgrounds based on the type of information they contain can be done with a variety of different colors and patterns, and can also be configurable to allow a user to select the shading or other attributes according to their personal preference 
         [0061]      FIG. 18   a  is a screenshot of an embodiment of the present invention showing various features described above incorporated into the user interface of a trading application. In this screenshot, an order entry pane  1802  is shown. The order entry pane  1802  allows a user to enter the criteria for an order they would like to place. Controls are provided within the order entry pane  1802  allowing the user to select the quantity and price and whether they would like to buy or sell the particular tradeable asset. Additional controls are provided which allow a user to enter optional settings, such as the time for which the order should be in force (e.g., the day) and whether or not the order is a limit order. In an embodiment, the fields in the order entry pane can be automatically populated by selecting a price level for an object on the price ladder. This feature is particularly useful when combined with the sticky cell feature described above. 
         [0062]    In the example shown, there are one or more price levels of the object the user is interested in transacting between the best bid  1804  and best offer  1806 . The row(s) of cells  1808  encompassing the region between the best bid  1804  and best offer  1806  are shaded with a different color or pattern than the cells above and below this level. 
         [0063]    A price quantity distribution pane  1810  shows a histogram of the price and quantity of any trades made during the time since the window was opened. In association with the dynamic price ladder, the price quantity distribution pane  1810  serves as a quick visual indicator of the trading history around the current market bid and asks, and it may be used to illustrate a trend, such as increasing and decreasing volume, or rate of change in volume, or increasing or decreasing price, etc. Beginning at the top of the histogram graph, a bar graph is displayed. The last traded price  1812  overlays a quantity bar  1814 . 
         [0064]    The price quantity distribution pane  1810  is displayed in reverse chronological order (i.e., the most recent trades are at the top of the table.) The quantity bar  1814  provides a visual indication of the size of the trade. For example, a trade with a greater number of shares will have a longer quantity bar  1814  than a trade with a lesser number of shares. Furthermore, each shaded bar  1814  is colored according to whether that trade was executed above or below the “spread.” In futures trading, the spread is defined as the range of prices encompassing the five best bids and five best asks at a particular point in time. The shaded bar  1814  is shaded green if the trade was executed above the spread and red if the trade was executed below the spread. The last traded quantity column  1816  shows the overall quantity traded for each price level for a particular period of time. 
         [0065]      FIG. 18   b  shows a closeup of a portion of the last traded quantity column  1816 . A highlighted cell  1818  corresponds to the price level for the most recent trade in the market. Information regarding the current state of the market may be shown by highlighting the cell in last traded quantity column  1816  corresponding to the last traded price at which a trade was executed in the market. The highlighted cell  1818  of the last traded quantity column  1816  features current quantity  1820  as the first number displayed, the cumulative quantity  1822  in parentheses and the overall quantity  1824  on the right. As an example, the current quantity can represent the quantity of the most recent trade, the cumulative quantity can represent the quantity traded since the user opened the application, and the overall quantity can represent the quantity traded for the day. A volume bar  1826  gives a visual indication of the overall quantity  1820  that has been traded at each price level. Furthermore, the background highlighting and volume bar  1826  within the highlighted cell is colored according whether the last price ticks up, down or no change. The background color of the highlighted cell  1818  can be shaded in a particular color, such as yellow, and may remain that color until a quantity of a different price level is filled. The highlighted cell  1818  can be shaded green or red depending on whether an up or down tick comes in. 
         [0066]      FIG. 19  is a screenshot of an embodiment of the present invention showing various features described above incorporated into the user interface of a trading application. A static working orders grid  1900  allows the trader to have an overview of his open orders for the market instrument he/she is viewing, as well as to cancel them directly. Each table row includes a small, clickable, red “x”  1902  indicating that the order is cancelable. A user&#39;s orders are also displayed in the dynamic price ladder where the user&#39;s order(s)  1904  are shown in a different colored text than market order. The total number of shares shown in the dynamic price ladder can be either for a single order or the aggregate of multiple orders placed at that price level. In an embodiment, selecting a cell (e.g., by mouse clicking) in the dynamic price ladder corresponding to a user&#39;s order will result in a menu  1906  being displayed. The menu  1906  gives the user the option to cancel all or some of the orders which make up the aggregated total of all orders at the selected price level. 
         [0067]      FIG. 20  is a screenshot of an embodiment of the present invention showing various features described above incorporated into the user interface of a trading application. In this screenshot, the order entry pane  1802  is shown. An order type dropdown box  2002  allows a user to select what type of order they are placing. Some possible options include: limit, market, stop limit, and stop market. A quantity selector  2004  allows a user to select the quantity for the order they are configuring and a price selector  2006  allows a user to set the particular price at which they wish to trade. A user can select the sell button  2008  to place an order to sell the tradeable asset which they have specified or click the buy button  2010  to place an order to buy the tradeable asset which they have specified. 
         [0068]      FIG. 21  shows a financial object display system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The dynamic price ladder is preferably generated by a financial object display system  2120  which is executed on or displayed by a client computer workstation  2122  having a display device  2116 , such as a monitor and a user input device  2118 , such as a mouse and/or keyboard. Client computer workstation  2122  can also include processor  2108  and digital storage  2106 , which can be random access memory (RAM) or other temporary or persistent storage. Processor  2108  receives data from user input device  2118  via user input interface  2114 . Processor  2108  transmits data to display device  2116  via display device interface  2112 . Client computer workstation  2122  can include network interface  2110  which is configured to transmit and receive data over electronic data network  112 . The financial object display system  2120  includes a communication module  2100 , a computation module  2102 , and a display module  2104 . 
         [0069]    The dynamic price ladder is preferably visually represented in a table having at least three columns. The data displayed in the cells which make up these columns includes the range of possible prices or price levels for the particular tradeable object, as well as quantities of open bids for the tradeable object according to price level and quantities of open offers for the tradeable object according to price level. 
         [0070]    In an embodiment, the information and manner in which it is displayed on the financial object display system  2120  is generated by the display module  2104 . The display module  2104  can generate the display using HTML or graphical controls designed for the particular operating environment in which the system has been implemented. 
         [0071]    The data used by the system to populate the dynamic price ladder can be received from a number of different sources. Communication module  2100  is configured to transmit and receive data from one or more computers over an electronic communication network  112 . These computers can include a market data feed, an exchange where particular types of tradeable assets are traded, an OMS, EMS, ATS or ECN. Other types of data sources could provide information for display as well. Depending on how the particular embodiment is implemented, the communication module  2100  may be executed on the same computer that is executing the financial object display system  2820  or it could be executed on an application or web server. Furthermore, data received from a user input device (e.g., a selection of a particular portion of the display by the user via a mouse) indicating user interaction with the user input device  2118  can be transmitted to the other systems connected to the electronic communication network  112  by the communication module  2100 . For example, if a user makes a selection at the user input device  2118 , e.g., by clicking on a particular cell using their mouse, indicating they would like to place a buy order at that particular price level, the communication module  2100  can be configured to send that information to the appropriate exchange. 
         [0072]    Prior to the information being displayed by the financial object display system  2120 , various computations can be performed by the system in order to determine particular information that is important to a user of the system. For example, the system may include a computation module  2102  configured to determine the best current bid and the best current offer based on the bid and offer data received from other computers via the communication module  2100 . The computations made by the computation module  2102  can be used by the display module  2804  to provide various visual indicators that are displayed to the user to provide information such as the level between the best current bid and the best current offer. 
         [0073]    While various embodiments/variations of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments. Further, unless stated, none of the above embodiments are mutually exclusive. Thus, the present invention may include any combinations and/or integrations of the features of the various embodiments. 
         [0074]    Additionally, while the processes described above and illustrated in the drawings are shown as a sequence of steps, this was done solely for the sake of illustration. Accordingly, it is contemplated that some steps may be added, some steps may be omitted, and the order of the steps may be re-arranged.