Abstract:
A micromechanical component includes: at least one micromirror; and an integrated photodiode. The micromechanical component is part of a microprojector which further includes a light source. The integrated photodiode of the micromechanical component receives light from the light source.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field Of The Invention 
         [0002]    The present invention is directed to a micromechanical component including at least one micromirror, and to a microprojector including a light source and a micromechanical component which includes at least one micromirror. 
         [0003]    2. Description Of The Related Art 
         [0004]    Laser diodes are used in connection with scanning micromechanical mirrors for image generation in pico projectors and laser printers. In order to cover a large color spectrum, red, green, and blue diodes are generally used. The optical output power emitted at a given drive current is influenced by the diode temperature and aging effects. These effects may vary considerably for different diodes; therefore, the color obtained may differ significantly from the intended color. It is possible to compensate for these effects by controlling the diode drive current as a function of the signal of a photodetector which monitors the optical output power. 
         [0005]    In one implementation presently used in laser scanners and laser printers, each laser diode is monitored by an individual detector, typically a photodiode. Using physical separation, it is possible to ensure that each detector is illuminated by only one laser diode. Alternatively, color filters or wavelength-sensitive detectors may be used, which are positioned as an individual component either in the laser module or at another suitable place in the scanner module. 
         [0006]    All aforementioned devices in the related art have in common the fact that additional elements are used as detectors, resulting in additional costs and requiring additional installation space. 
         [0007]    U.S. Patent application publication US2007/0252806 describes a circuit including three laser diodes and drivers, as well as a photodiode for monitoring and controlling the light intensity. 
         [0008]    U.S. Patent application publication US2009/0160833 describes a laser projector including three laser diodes, three beam splitters, and three photodiodes, as well as a mirror in a discrete configuration. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0009]    The present invention is directed to a micromechanical component including at least one micromirror. The core of the present invention is that the micromechanical component includes an integrated photodiode. In many cases, optical assemblies require a light detector. Advantageously, it is possible to integrate the photodiode into the micromechanical component in a technically simple manner and thus to provide a light detector without large additional costs. Advantageously, available installation space in the micromechanical component is used in any case. 
         [0010]    One advantageous embodiment of the micromechanical component according to the present invention provides that the micromirror and the integrated photodiode are situated on a shared substrate. As a result, the micromirror and the photodiode may advantageously be fabricated in a shared manufacturing process. As a result, the micromirror and the photodiode advantageously have a fixed spatial relationship and alignment to each other, which is particularly important for optical devices and components in their optical path. 
         [0011]    One advantageous embodiment of the micromechanical component according to the present invention provides that one mirror face of the micromirror is situated on a first substrate side and that a photodiode is situated on the first substrate side in such a way that the micromirror and the photodiode are situated within a shared incidence area for incident light. Advantageously, such a device makes it possible to determine the light power which is incident on the mirror in a particularly simple and reliable manner. 
         [0012]    Another advantageous embodiment of the micromechanical component according to the present invention provides that one mirror face of the micromirror is situated on a first substrate side, a cap is situated on a second substrate side, the second substrate side being situated opposite to the first substrate side, and a photodiode on the second substrate side is situated in an area covered by the cap, in such a way that the micromirror and the cap are situated within a shared incidence area for incident light and that the photodiode is configured for receiving scattered light which emanates from the cap. As a result, it is advantageously possible to arrange the photodiode in a particularly space-saving manner, for example, without limiting the installation space for the micromirror. 
         [0013]    One advantageous embodiment of the micromechanical component according to the present invention provides that the substrate has a contacting plane and the photodiode is situated in the contacting plane or in an adjacent plane. Thus, the integrated photodiode is advantageously able to be electrically contacted simply and economically. 
         [0014]    It is also advantageous that the substrate has at least one doped semiconductor layer and the photodiode is situated in the doped semiconductor layer. The photodiode may advantageously be integrated into the micromechanical component without additional processes or with few additional manufacturing steps. The substrate is particularly advantageously a silicon substrate, or the substrate is a multilayer substrate and has at least one silicon layer. It is advantageous that established silicon semiconductor technology processes may be used for manufacturing the micromechanical component and in particular the integrated photodiode. 
         [0015]    The present invention is also directed to a microprojector including a light source and including a micromechanical component which includes at least one micromirror. The core of the present invention is that the micromechanical component includes an integrated photodiode for receiving light from the light source. 
         [0016]    Advantageously, the microprojector may thus be equipped with a photodiode without requiring appreciable additional installation space. 
         [0017]    One advantageous embodiment of the microprojector according to the present invention provides that the light source is a laser light source, in particular including a semiconductor laser medium. The power of a laser light source may advantageously be controlled with the aid of a control current based on the light intensity measurement with the aid of a photodiode. 
         [0018]    One particularly advantageous embodiment of the microprojector according to the present invention provides that the laser light source has at least a first laser wavelength and at least a second laser wavelength, and the optical paths of the emitted light of the first laser wavelength and the second laser wavelength are at least partially overlapping. Power measurements for multiple laser wavelengths may advantageously be carried out using one photodiode, since the light sensitivity of the photodiode is relatively broadband and since the same photodiode may be irradiated with light using overlapping optical paths without additional expense. 
         [0019]    It is also advantageous that the laser light source includes at least a first laser having a first laser wavelength and at least a second laser having a second laser wavelength. Another advantageous embodiment provides that the laser light source has a laser which emits light having a first and a second wavelength. 
         [0020]    The present invention enables the monitoring of the optical output power of one or multiple laser diodes using one photodiode in order to compensate for temperature and aging effects. By integrating the photodiode into a micromechanical module (MEMS) acting as a scanner, the placement of one or multiple additional components is avoided, so that it is possible to save on installation space and costs in the overall system. 
         [0021]    The manufacturing process for micromirrors in the form of micromechanical modules (MEMS) for scanning optical applications such as laser scanners or laser projectors also allows the manufacture of photodiodes as an integral part of the MEMS. By suitably selecting the process sequence and positioning of the photodiode in the MEMS, it is possible to reduce the required installation space and costs. In the ideal case, the photodiode may be integrated in a manner which is neutral with respect to costs and installation space. 
         [0022]    In order to monitor the optical output power correctly, it must be ensured that the photodiode is sufficiently well illuminated. In one preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, scattered light from the edge area of the primary beam is used for this purpose inside the MEMS. In another preferred specific embodiment, the light is detected directly from the primary beam. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0023]      FIG. 1  shows a laser light source in the related art including three lasers and one photodiode. 
           [0024]      FIG. 2  shows a microprojector according to the present invention including a laser light source and including a micromechanical component which includes a micromirror and an integrated photodiode. 
           [0025]      FIG. 3  shows a first exemplary embodiment of a micromechanical component according to the present invention including a micromirror and an integrated photodiode. 
           [0026]      FIG. 4  shows a second exemplary embodiment of a micromechanical component according to the present invention including a micromirror and an integrated photodiode. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0027]      FIG. 1  shows a laser light source in the related art including three lasers and one photodiode. A laser module  200  is depicted having monitoring of three laser diodes  211 ,  212 , and  213  using a photodiode  230 . Three laser beams are combined into one beam with the aid of beam splitters  221 ,  222 ,  223 . A portion of the combined beam is directed onto photodiode  230 , which is also situated inside laser module  200 . Photodiode  230  is used as a shared detector for the radiant power of all three laser diodes. This detector may typically be implemented using color filters for selectively monitoring the individual laser diodes. 
         [0028]      FIG. 2  shows a microprojector according to the present invention including a laser light source and including a micromechanical component which includes a micromirror and an integrated photodiode. A microprojector  200  is depicted including a light source  400  and including a micromechanical component  500 . Light source  400  includes three laser diodes  411 ,  412 ,  413  whose emitted light in the form of three laser beams is combined into one beam with the aid of beam splitters  421 ,  422 ,  423 . The combined beam emanates from light source  400  at aperture  440 . Micromechanical component  500  includes a movable micromirror  510  and an integrated photodiode  550  according to the present invention. Micromechanical component  500  is situated in the optical path of light source  400  in such a way that the combined beam strikes micromirror  510  and may be deflected by it for displaying a projector image. Photodiode  550  is used as a shared detector for the radiant power of all three laser diodes. The present invention uses the installation space present in the micromechanical component (MEMS) for positioning photodiode  550 . In the figure, a position of photodiode  550  next to micromirror  510  is schematically depicted. Scattered light from the primary beam appears in this area. 
         [0029]      FIG. 3  shows a first exemplary embodiment of a micromechanical component according to the present invention including a micromirror and an integrated photodiode. A micromechanical component  500  is depicted including a substrate  505  and a cap  540 . A micromirror  510  and a chip frame  530  are structured out of substrate  505 . According to the present invention, a photodiode  550  is integrated into micromechanical component  500 . Photodiode  550  is also situated on substrate  505 . In this exemplary embodiment, one mirror face of micromirror  510  is situated on a first substrate side and a cap is situated on a second substrate side, the second substrate side being situated opposite the first substrate side, i.e., on the other side of the substrate as seen through the substrate. Photodiode  550  is situated on the second substrate side in an area covered by cap  540 . Micromirror  510  and cap  540  are situated inside a shared incidence area for incident light  560 , for example, in the form of a laser beam. 
         [0030]    Photodiode  550  is configured in such a way that it is able to receive scattered light  580  which emanates from the cap. Micromirror  510  is movably suspended and connected to fixed chip frame  520  with the aid of a suspension system. Micromirror  510  has a contacting plane  530 . Contacting plane  530  is used to connect a mirror drive and to configure it to be electrically contactable from outside. Contacting plane  530  is also used for positioning and contacting photodiode  550 . Photodiode  550  is situated in contacting plane  530  or also in an adjacent plane and is connected to contacting plane  530 . Micromechanical component  500  includes cap  540  for protection from external damage and dirt. Light  560  which is incident on micromirror  510 , for example, a laser beam, has a Gauss profile  570  after the aperture, i.e., the intensity is concentrated on a core area and then drops exponentially toward the outside. Micromirror  510 , which is movable about one or multiple axes of rotation, is positioned in such a way that it reflects the core area of the laser beam. However, a residual intensity is still present to the side of the mirror. This residual light  580  spreads out past the micromirror, strikes cap  540 , is scattered by cap  540  and then strikes photodiode  550 . The amount of the scattered light is a function of the component. The signal of the photodiode is therefore calibrated for each component when new. 
         [0031]    The positioning of photodiode  550  shown and described in  FIG. 3  is advantageous, since unused installation space is available in this area, electrical contacting is easily possible, and the manufacture of the diode may be easily integrated into the process sequence for manufacturing micromechanical component  500 . 
         [0032]      FIG. 4  shows a second exemplary embodiment of a micromechanical component according to the present invention including a micromirror and an integrated photodiode. A micromechanical component  500  is shown including a substrate  505 . A micromirror  510  and a chip frame  530  are structured out of substrate  505 . According to the present invention, a photodiode  550  is integrated into micromechanical component  500 . Photodiode  550  is also situated on substrate  505 . In this exemplary embodiment, one mirror face of micromirror  510  and photodiode  550  are situated on a first substrate side. A contacting plane  530  is also situated on the first substrate side, to which photodiode  550  is electrically connected, or in which photodiode  550  is also situated. In this specific embodiment, micromirror  510  and photodiode  550  are struck in equal measure by incident light  560 , since they are situated within an incidence area for incident light. The maximum intensity falls on micromirror  510 , and residual light from edge areas of the incident light beam strikes photodiode  550 . 
         [0033]    P-doping and n-doping are required for manufacturing a photodiode in a micromechanical (MEMS) component having a semiconductor substrate. A cost-neutral version of a photodiode integrated into the MEMS is possible if no additional process steps are required for its manufacture. In one specific embodiment of the present invention, this is possible if implantations are already used for semiconductor doping for other elements of the MEMS. Such elements are, for example, piezoresistors on suspension structures for suspending the micromirror. These piezoresistors are, for example, used to enable an electrical detection and subsequent control of the mirror position. 
         [0034]    The present invention may be used in a laser projector or microprojector including one or multiple scanning micromirrors. Use in a laser printer including a scanning micromirror is also possible.