Abstract:
A fishing reel having a reel housing comprising a ring gear with a rod mount directly or indirectly attached to the ring gear and a spool positioned within the ring gear, a reel crank adapted to impart rotational movement to the spool, a line guide positioned radially outwardly from the spool, a flange hingedly attached to the spool, wherein the spool may be positioned in a first casting position wherein the axis of the spool is generally parallel to a fishing rod when the rod mount is mounted to the fishing rod; and wherein the spool is movable 90 degrees with respect to the flange to be positioned in a second reeling position, wherein the axis of the spool is generally perpendicular to a fishing line being retrieved upon line retrieval; and wherein as the reel crank is rotated the spool orbitally rotates within the ring gear.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the field of fishing reels in general, and in particular, to a fishing reel having a spool that combines features of a spin casting reel and a bait casting reel, with a spool that pivots 90 degrees with respect to a fishing rod when the fishing reel is mounted to the fishing rod to provide a casting mode and a reeling mode. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     For many years, fishermen have used both spin casting fishing reels and bait casting fishing reels, each having certain advantages and disadvantages. A typical spin casting reel, or spinning reel, includes a spool that is rotationally fixed relative to the spool housing and does not rotate during casting, with the axis of the spool parallel to the axis of the fishing rod. Because the spool is fixed and does not rotate during the cast, the line comes of the spool very easily and the spinning reel is able to cast a lure greater distances than bait casting reels, particularly when using light lures. Thus, a traditional spin casting reel provides virtually unrestricted out-feed of fishing line during casting, which enables for long casting distances. Furthermore, the backlash often associated with bait casting reels is typically avoided when using the fixed spool of the spinning reel because the spool does not rotate, and thereby does not overunwind the line which sometimes happens when casting with a bait casting reel. Thus spin casting reels have the advantage of providing for further casting distances, and do not have the disadvantage of overunspooling which may happen when using bait casting reels. 
     However, the spin casting reels have a disadvantage because the line comes off the spool during casting in a coiled shape, and when retrieving the line, the bail housing, bail, and line guide of the bail (bail assembly) are driven to rotate about the rotationally fixed spool and serve to wind the line onto the spool. However, the reeling process winds the line back onto the spool and does nothing to remove or alleviate the coiling of the line. Each subsequent cast increases the amount of coiling of the fishing line until the amount of the twist in the line becomes unmanageable. 
     Thus, with a spin casting reel, while the bail assembly rotates, the rotationally fixed spool is oscillated in and out so that the line guide of the bail lays the line down evenly on the spool during line takeup. The disadvantage of the spinning reel mechanism is that it uses an indirect line takeup, such that the line being wound onto the spool via the rotating bail assembly tends to twist, resulting in curls and coils, and eventually resulting in undesirable snarls and more frequent line replacement. Moreover, with the indirect line takeup used in the spinning reel, the amount of pulling force the angler can apply is reduced, as opposed to a direct line pickup used on a bait casting reel. In addition, an angler may fear tripping or bending the bail if too much pulling force is applied. Nonetheless, the spinning reel is deemed to have several advantages over bait casting reels when it comes to casting distance and lack of overunwinding during casting. 
     In a typical bait casting fishing reel, on the other hand, a spool is rotatably mounted on a spool hub positioned generally perpendicular to the fishing rod as well as the fishing line when the bait casting reel is mounted on a fishing rod. The spool hub remains in a fixed position with respect to the reel housing and the fishing rod. When reeling in the fishing line, the spool rotates about the spool hub, and a line guide is driven to oscillate back and forth above the spool and spool hub to evenly distribute the line on the spool as the spool is rotated and takes up line. An advantage of a typical bait casting reel is that during line takeup, the angler is able to maximize the test of the line because the line is taken up at an angle perpendicular to the spool and wound directly onto the spool. Another advantage is that less twist or snarl results in the line because it casts the line out without coiling or twisting it, and during the reeling process the line is fed onto the spool during takeup at an angle of 90 degrees, resulting in fewer line snarls due to less twist in the line, and fewer replacements of the line when it becomes twisted. 
     However, when casting a bait casting fishing reel, given that the line is oriented at 90 degrees from the spool, the spool of the bait casting reel must spin in order to release the line, which restricts the casting distance. Moreover, the momentum of the spinning spool results in an overunwinding of fishing line and creates backlash when casting, resulting in more line than necessary unwinding from the spool. As a result, the line may get tangled and create a knot or birds nest of the fishing line which can cause aggravation to the fisherman and require time to unsnarl. Meanwhile, an undesirable slack in the line may cause an angler to delay his retrieve and possibly result in a lost strike, or lost fish, or result in a lure getting snagged on the bottom. To prevent the overunwinding or backlash of the line during casting, the angler typically monitors the outflow of line and may place a thumb or finger over the line on the spool to apply pressure to the spool in an attempt to avoid backlash. This may serve to further reduce the distance a lure may be casted. 
     It is apparent that bait casting reels and spin casting reels each have their advantages and disadvantages. It is desirable to create a fishing reel that operates in certain respects like a bait casting reel when retrieving line and in certain respects like a spinning reel when casting line. The inventor of the present invention, has previously invented a fishing reel that combines some of the advantages of a bait casting reel and a spin casting reel into a single fishing reel that is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 7,896,277, entitled “Fishing Reel,” that issued on Mar. 2, 2011 and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. In the patent the rod mount rotates 90 degrees to achieve the advantages of both a spin casting reel and a bait casting reel. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In an embodiment, a fishing reel is provided having a reel housing comprising a ring gear with a rod mount directly or indirectly attached to the ring gear and a spool having an axis with the spool adapted to be positioned within the ring gear, a reel crank adapted to impart rotational movement to the spool, a line guide positioned radially outwardly from the spool, a flange hingedly attached to the spool, wherein the spool may be positioned in a first casting position wherein the axis of the spool is generally parallel to a fishing rod when the rod mount is mounted to the fishing rod; and wherein the spool is movable 90 degrees with respect to the flange to be positioned in a second reeling position, wherein the axis of the spool is generally perpendicular to a fishing line being retrieved upon line retrieval; and wherein as the reel crank is rotated the spool orbitally rotates within the ring gear and the spool also rotates about its axis. 
     In an embodiment, a fishing reel is provided comprising a reel housing comprising a ring gear, a rod mount directly or indirectly attached to the ring gear, a spool having an axis positioned within the ring gear, a reel crank adapted to impart rotational movement to the spool, a line guide positioned radially outwardly from the spool, wherein the spool may be positioned in a first reeling position wherein the axis of the spool is generally perpendicular to the a fishing line being retrieved, and wherein as the reel crank is rotated, the spool orbitally rotates within the ring gear and in a position generally perpendicular to the fishing line being retrieved through 360 degrees of rotation and the spool also rotates about its axis. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a fishing reel  10 ; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the fishing reel  10  shown in  FIG. 1  with portions removed to see the interior of the fishing reel  10  and showing spool  30  positioned for reeling in a bait casting reel position; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the fishing reel  10  shown in  FIGS. 1 and 2  with portions removed to see the interior of the fishing reel  10  and showing spool  30  positioned for casting in a spin casting reel position; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of the fishing reel  10  shown in  FIGS. 1-3  with portions removed to see the interior of the fishing reel  10  and showing spool  30  positioned between a bait casting position and a spin casting position; 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the fishing reel  10  shown in  FIG. 2  with portions removed to see the interior of the fishing reel  10  and showing spool  30  orbitally rotating within the housing during reeling with spool  30  in a bait casting reel position; 
         FIG. 6A  is a perspective view of the fishing reel  10  shown in  FIG. 5  with portions removed to see the interior of the fishing reel  10  and showing spool  30  orbitally rotating within the housing during reeling with spool  30  in a bait casting reel position; 
         FIG. 6B  is a perspective view of the fishing reel  10  shown in  FIG. 6A  with portions removed to see the interior of the fishing reel  10  and showing spool  30  orbitally rotating within the housing during reeling with spool  30  in a bait casting reel position; 
         FIG. 6C  is a perspective view of the fishing reel  10  shown in  FIGS. 6A and 6B  with portions removed to see the interior of the fishing reel  10  and showing spool  30  orbitally rotating within the housing during reeling with spool  30  in a bait casting reel position; 
         FIG. 7A  is a perspective view of the fishing reel  10  with portions removed and transparent ring gear  60  to see the interior of the fishing reel  10  and showing spool  30  orbitally rotating within the housing during reeling with spool  30  in a bait casting reel position; 
         FIG. 7B  is a perspective view of the fishing reel  10  shown in  FIG. 7A  with portions removed and transparent ring gear  60  to see the interior of the fishing reel  10  and showing spool  30  further orbitally rotating within the housing during reeling with spool  30  in a bait casting reel position; 
         FIG. 7C  is a perspective view of the fishing reel  10  shown in  FIG. 7B  with portions removed and transparent ring gear  60  to see the interior of the fishing reel  10  and showing spool  30  further orbitally rotating within the housing during reeling with spool  30  in a bait casting reel position; and 
         FIG. 8  is a cutaway view of fishing reel, with the spool  10  orbitally rotating within ring gear  60  from position  1  through position  8 , back to position  1 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The present embodiments are illustrated as exemplary embodiments that disclose a fishing reel embodying features of the present inventions.  FIG. 1  shows a perspective view of a fishing reel  10  having a reel crank  24  shown to the left with a handle paddle  20  positioned thereon. Two paddles are contemplated in the fishing reel shown in the Figures. The paddles are rotatably coupled to the reel crank  24 , and although two paddles are shown, a single offset paddle or even a non-rotating paddle could be used. The fishing reel  10  includes spool housing that comprises a back housing  14  and a front cover  12 . The spool housing further includes a rod mount  16  that is used to mount the fishing reel to a fishing rod in a conventional manner. 
     As can be seen in  FIG. 1 , front cover  22  includes fishing line aperture  22  through which fishing line is drawn from the spool positioned within the reel during casting, and drawn onto the spool during line retrieval. The front cover  12  may be transparent to allow viewing of the interior of the fishing reel  10  and to allow an angler to monitor the condition of the spool and the line. In some embodiments, it may be possible to eliminate the front cover altogether to provide easier access to the spool within. However, where the front cover  12  is eliminated, an eyelet or other guide would be needed for the fishing line to pass through, or be guided by, what is shown as the location of the offset aperture  22  shown in the front cover  12 . 
       FIG. 2  shows the same perspective view of fishing reel  10  shown in  FIG. 1  with the back housing  14  and front cover  12  removed to show the inner workings of the fishing reel  10 . In addition, ring gear  60  positioned between back housing  14  and front cover  12  is shown in a partially transparent fashion to reveal portions of the interior of the fishing reel  10 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the spool  30  is shown positioned within ring gear  60 , wherein spool  30  is in the position of a typical bait casting reel wherein the axis of the spool  30  is perpendicular to rod mount  16  and to a fishing rod when fishing reel  10  is mounted on the fishing rod. Thus,  FIG. 2  shows fishing reel  10  in a reeling or retrieval mode, wherein the spool  30  takes advantage of the typical position of a bait casting reel during line takeup. In this manner, during line takeup, the positioning of the spool  30  achieves the advantages of a bait casting reel by provided for direct line takeup onto the spool at an angle of 90 degrees. 
     The spool  30  includes spool protrusions  52  on an end thereof that are adapted to engage mating, angled grooves  50  that are positioned on an inner surface of ring gear  60 . The end of spool  30  having spool protrusions  52  is pivotally attached to revolving flange  40  via spring loaded hinge  42 . As noted above, in  FIG. 2  the fishing reel  10  is shown in bait casting mode that is used for fishing line retrieval. The revolving flange  40  in this bait casting mode is releasably latched to the spool  30  to maintain the spool in bait casting, or retrieval mode. The drive mechanism between the reel crank and the revolving flange may be a worm drive similar to that used in traditional spin casting reels. 
       FIG. 3  shows fishing reel  10  wherein spool  30  has been rotated 90 degrees from the bait casting, or retrieval mode, and is now positioned in casting mode, similar to the positioning of a spool in a spin casting reel, with the axis of spool  30  parallel to a fishing rod when rod mount  16  is mounted thereto, and parallel to the direction of line outtake during casting. In  FIG. 3 , spool  30  has pivoted 90 degrees along hinge  42  to position spool  30  into spin casting mode. 
       FIG. 4  shows fishing reel  10  transitioning from the spin casting mode of  FIG. 3  wherein the axis of the spool is parallel to a fishing rod the fishing reel  10  is mounted to, and the bait casting, or retrieval, mode of  FIG. 2  where the axis of spool  30  is perpendicular to the fishing rod upon which is mounted wherein the line is taken directly onto the spool  30  at a perpendicular angle. A guide pin  70  is positioned on the hinge  42  of the revolving flange  40  which aligns with a track located in a front cover of the fishing reel. When the reel crank  24  is rotated, the guide pin  70  engages the track located in the front cover of the fishing reel which forces the spool  30  to pivot about the hinge  42  back towards the reeling position. 
     Fishing reel  10  includes a latch that latches the revolving flange  40  to the spool  30  when the spool is in the reeling mode. A latch release  72  is shown in the revolving flange which may be released by depressing a button mounted on the outside of a back housing of the fishing reel, wherein the when the button is pushed, the spring loaded hinge is released which forces the spool to pivot into the first casting position (shown in  FIG. 2 ). 
       FIG. 5  shows the fishing reel  10  transitioned back to bait casting, or retrieval, mode with the spool  30  perpendicular to the line take up and perpendicular to the fishing rod upon which the fishing reel is mounted. In  FIG. 5 , the spool  30  provides direct takeup of fishing line and provides the benefits of retrieval typically associated with a bait casting reel. As the reel crank  24  is rotated, the spool protrusions  52  located on an end of the spool  30  ride through mating grooves  50  located on the inner surface of ring gear  60 , and serve to rotate the spool about its axis and also orbitally rotate the spool  30  within the ring gear  60 . 
       FIG. 6A  shows that as reel crank  24  is rotated, the spool protrusions  52  riding through the mating grooves  50  cause the spool  30  to orbitally rotate within ring gear  60 . Thus, in  FIG. 5 , the spool  30  is shown with the end with spool protrusions  52  at roughly a 2 o&#39;clock position, whereas in  FIG. 6A , the spool  30  has rotated via reel crank  24  and the effect of spool protrusions  52  riding through mating grooves  50  wherein the end of the spool  30  with spool protrusions  52  is shown at a roughly 10 o&#39;clock position. 
       FIG. 6B  shows that as reel crank  24  is further rotated, the spool protrusion  52  riding through the mating grooves  50  cause the spool  30  to rotate within ring gear  60 . Thus, in  FIG. 6A , the spool  30  is shown with the end with spool protrusions  52  at roughly a 10 o&#39;clock position, whereas in  FIG. 6B , the spool  30  has rotated via reel crank  24  and the effect of spool protrusions  52  riding through mating grooves  50  wherein the end of the spool  30  with spool protrusions  52  is shown at a roughly 8 o&#39;clock position. 
       FIG. 6C  shows that as reel crank  24  is further rotated, the spool protrusion  52  riding through the mating grooves  50  cause the spool  30  to rotate within ring gear  60 . Thus, in  FIG. 6B , the spool  30  is shown with the end with spool protrusions  52  at roughly a 8 o&#39;clock position, whereas in  FIG. 6C , the spool  30  has rotated via reel crank  24  and the effect of spool protrusions  52  riding through mating grooves  50  wherein the end of the spool  30  with spool protrusions  52  is shown at a roughly 8 o&#39;clock position. The rotation of spool  30  within the ring gear  60  is referred to as orbital rotation. 
     It should be noted that in each of the  FIGS. 5 ,  6 A,  6 B, and  6 C, the spool  30  is positioned perpendicular to the takeup of the fishing line, and thus perpendicular to the fishing rod when the fishing reel  10  is mounted to the fishing rod. In fact, in fishing reel  10 , during fishing line retrieval, the spool  30  is positioned perpendicular to the line pickup throughout its orbital rotation within ring gear  60 . Thus, during retrieval, the fishing line does not recoil the coils and curls of the fishing line as is the case when retrieving a cast line with a conventional spinning reel. Thus, the fishing reel  10  obtains the casting advantages associated with a spinning reel (as shown in spinning reel, or casting, mode in  FIG. 3 ) and helps to eliminate the disadvantageous line twisting associated with retrieval using a spinning reel. At the same time, the fishing reel  10  obtains the retrieval advantages associated with a bait casting reel, including direct line pickup and fewer problems with line twist and curl. 
       FIGS. 7A ,  7 B, and  7 C show fishing reel  10  with back housing  14  and front cover  12  removed, as well as gear ring  60  shown as transparent to allow viewing of the inner workings of the reel.  FIGS. 7A ,  7 B, and  7 C illustrate how the spool protrusions  52  on spool  30  interact with the mating grooves  50  on the inner surface of ring gear  60  to achieve orbital rotation of spool  30  within fishing reel  12  during line retrieval and to rotate spool  30  about its axis. As spool  30  is rotated during retrieval, the protrusions  52  ride through mating grooves  50  on the inner surface of ring gear  60 . In  FIG. 7A , a protrusion is shown at position  54   a  within mating groove  50   a .  FIG. 7B  shows how, as the spool  30  is rotated, the protrusion moves to position  54   b  within mating groove  50   a . Similarly,  FIG. 7B  shows how, as the spool  30  is further rotated, the protrusion moves to position  54   c  within mating groove  50   c . Thus, the movement of the protrusions  52  through the mating grooves  50  on the inner surface of ring gear  60  causes the spool  30  to rotate within the fishing reel  10  during line retrieval. In a preferred embodiment, two or three protrusions  52  are positioned within a corresponding mating groove at a given time. 
       FIG. 8  further illustrates the orbital rotation of spool  30  within fishing reel  10  during line retrieval. Fishing reel  10  starts with spool  30  having an end with protrusions  52  located thereon positioned at 3 o&#39;clock in starting Position  1 . At this point fishing line aperture  22  is shown positioned above the spool  30  such that the line is taken up perpendicularly onto the spool  30  during retrieval. As the reel crank  24  is rotated, the end of the spool  30  with protrusions  52  rotates within ring gear  60  and moves to Position  2  at 1:30 o&#39;clock. Again, at Position  2 , fishing line aperture  22  is shown positioned above the spool  30  such that the line is taken up perpendicularly onto the spool  30  during retrieval. As the reel crank  24  is further rotated, the end of the spool  30  with protrusions  52  rotates within ring gear  60  and moves to Position  3  at 12 o&#39;clock. Further rotation of reel crank  24  results in the end of the spool  30  with protrusions  52  rotating into Position  4  at 10:30 o&#39;clock. 
     As the reel crank  24  is further rotated, the end of the spool  30  with protrusions  52  rotates within ring gear  60  and moves to Position  5  at 9 o&#39;clock. As the reel crank  24  is further rotated, the end of the spool  30  with protrusions  52  rotates within ring gear  60  and moves to Position  6  at 7:30 o&#39;clock. Further rotation of reel crank  24  results in the end of the spool  30  with protrusions  52  rotating into Position  7  at 6 o&#39;clock. Further rotation of reel crank  24  results in the end of the spool  30  with protrusions  52  rotating into Position  8  at 4:30 o&#39;clock. 
     Finally, further rotation of reel crank  24  results in the end of the spool  30  with protrusions  52  rotating back into Position  1  at 3 o&#39;clock. Thus,  FIG. 8  shows the orbital rotation of spool  30  within fishing reel  10  from Position  1  through Position  8 , and then back to starting Position  1  again showing a full 360 degree rotation of spool  30 . In each of Positions  1  through  8 , fishing line aperture  22  is shown positioned above the spool  30  such that the line is taken up perpendicularly onto the spool  30  during retrieval. In addition, the sequence of Positions  1 - 8  shows how the fishing line aperture  22  traverses along the length of spool  30 , thereby evenly distributing the line onto the spool  30 . 
     The disclosed fishing reel permits greater casting distance by operating in a spin casting mode during casting, while helping to eliminate the additive coiling and twisting of the line during the reeling process and subsequent casting by operating in a bait casting mode during line retrieval. In particular, the fishing reel achieves these goals by aligning the spool like a spin casting reel during casting, i.e., positioning the axis of the spool to be parallel to the fishing rod; and then reorienting the spool 90 degrees to align the spool like a bat casting reel during line retrieval, i.e., position the axis of the spool to be perpendicular from its casting position during the reeling process, and revolving the spool so that the fishing line is taken up at 90 angle onto the spool during line retrieval. In this manner, for each rotation of the spool, line is fed back onto the spool with the same coiling as it left the spool, without adding further coil or twist to the line during the line retrieval process. 
     The claims should not be read as limited to the elements specifically described unless stated to that effect. Therefore, all embodiments that come within the scope and spirit of the following claims and equivalents thereto are claimed as the invention.