Abstract:
A microscope ( 1 ) having a holding apparatus, insertable reversibly into the microscope ( 1 ), for interchangeable optical components is described. According to the present invention, the holding apparatus is embodied as a pivoting drawer ( 10 ) that is arranged pivotably in and out about a pivot axis. During exchange or insertion of optical components, the pivoting drawer ( 10 ) always remains connected to the microscope stand ( 2 ) even in the pivoted-out state. It is guided while being pivoted in, so that jamming, as in the case of plug-in modules previously known from the existing art, is avoided.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     This application claims priority of the German patent application 10 2004 034 887.1 which is incorporated by reference herein.  
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The invention concerns a microscope having a holding apparatus, insertable reversibly into the microscope, for interchangeable optical components.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     For specific microscopic examination methods, it is usual to provide on a microscope specific reversibly insertable holding apparatuses on which interchangeable optical components are mounted. This allows the skilled user of the microscope to optimize the microscope for his or her specific applications. It is usual, for example, for fluorescence microscopes to comprise a holding apparatus that can be pulled out on a slide, on which apparatus one or more fluorescence cubes are arranged. In addition, this holding apparatus is often arranged slidably or rotatably relative to the beam path of the microscope or its optical axis. This allows the appropriate fluorescence cube to be selected and introduced into the beam path for the particular current application.  
         [0004]     It is also common practice for one skilled in the art, in preparation for specific applications or examinations, to remove this holding apparatus from the microscope and populate it with different fluorescence cubes. The principle of the removable holding apparatus can also be utilized in this context for other types of optical components, for example color filters, modulators (such as Hoffmann modulators), various tube lenses, etc. In microscopes that comprise a removable holding apparatus of this kind for interchangeable optical components, special requirements exist in terms of guidance of the drawer. Precise dovetail guides, for example, are usual. Difficulties nevertheless occur in practical use, since there is a danger of jamming upon insertion of the drawer. When the drawer is then taken completely out of the microscope, it is placed on the worktable by the user in order to change the optical components. The optical components can, in that context, become dusty or soiled, or damaged, or can become lost. For the case in which the drawer is to be displaceable in motorized fashion, design problems additionally exist with the placement of the motor and with energy transfer, since the drawer, after complete removal from the microscope, must be introduced again in exactly aligned fashion, and must be joined in frictionally engaged fashion to the motor and the drive system.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     It is therefore the object of the present invention to describe a microscope having a holding apparatus, insertable reversibly into the microscope, for interchangeable optical components, which microscope permits easy and reliable exchanging of optical components simultaneously with improved handling of the holding apparatus.  
         [0006]     This object is achieved, in a microscope having a holding apparatus, insertable reversibly into the microscope, for interchangeable optical components, in that the holding apparatus is embodied as a pivoting drawer that is arranged pivotably in and out about a pivot axis.  
         [0007]     This approach to achieving the object offers the particular advantage that the holding apparatus always remains connected to the microscope stand as optical components are exchanged or inserted; and because it is guided while being pivoted in, no special insertion conditions need to be observed. Especially in the case of an inverted microscope, in which the fluorescence device is poorly accessible, the pivoting drawer offers considerable advantages in terms of handling the fluorescence unit. The advantages of simple and precise handling along with continuously assured alignment can also be exploited when the pivoting drawer is used to retain filters, modulators, tube lenses, and other optical components.  
         [0008]     In order to arrange the optical components on the pivoting drawer, either a laterally slidable component holder or a rotary disk, on which the optical components are retained, is arranged on the pivoting drawer. The component slider is arranged on the pivoting drawer with guidance elements in such a way that the slider is slidable relative to the drawer, and one of the optical components mounted on the slider can be selectably introduced into the beam path of the microscope. Entirely analogously, the rotary disk is installed on the pivoting drawer with a rotation shaft, in such a way that by rotation of the rotary disk, one of the optical components arranged on it can be selectably inserted into or removed from the optical beam path. One position on the component slider or rotary disk can also be unfilled, i.e. can have no optical component. This unoccupied opening can also, depending on the application, be deliberately introduced into the beam path so that the beam path is not acted upon at that point by an optical component.  
         [0009]     Means that bring about sliding of the component slider and/or rotation of the rotary disk can be provided in the microscope, so that the selected optical component can be inserted into the beam path of the microscope. These means can encompass either mechanical components or at least one motor.  
         [0010]     An additional advantage is obtained if detection means are provided which detect the current position of at least one optical component or all optical components on the component slider and/or on the rotary disk, or their position relative to the beam path of the microscope. This information can then be displayed to the user via a display apparatus.  
         [0011]     In order to protect the beam path of the microscope and the optical components from dust and stray light, the pivoting drawer is preferably shaped so that with the pivoting drawer in the pivoted-in state, its outward-facing part closes off the housing surface of the microscope. In this fashion, the pivoting drawer always carries its own cover along with it as it is pivoted in and out.  
         [0012]     To open the pivoting drawer, this outer part of the pivoting drawer that closes off the housing surface of the microscope can then be equipped with a grip recess or a handle which the microscope user can grasp in order to pivot the pivoting drawer out. It is found to be advantageous, however, if an actuation means is provided for opening the pivoting drawer. This can be, for example, a knob or a lever or an electrical button. The actuation means can moreover have associated with it a mechanical or electrical auxiliary apparatus that is activated by the actuation means and then causes the pivoting drawer to pivot out. The auxiliary apparatus can comprise, for example, a mechanical component preloaded with a spring, or an electrically controllable component that disengages a locking system of the pivoting drawer.  
         [0013]     In a further advantageous embodiment, the pivoting drawer is actively pivoted out by a spring element after disengagement of the locking system. In order to minimize stress on the optical components and the retainers on which they are mounted, a damping element that damps the pivoting motion of the pivoting drawer can be provided on the pivoting drawer. This brings about a gentle stop at the end position when pivoting out.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]     The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawings, in which:  
         [0015]      FIG. 1  shows a microscope having a pivoting drawer for optical components that is pivoted in;  
         [0016]      FIG. 2  shows a microscope having a pivoting drawer for optical components that is pivoted out;  
         [0017]      FIG. 3  is a section through the central portion of the microscope, with a plan view of the pivoted-in pivoting drawer;  
         [0018]      FIG. 4  is a section through the central portion of the microscope with the pivoting drawer pivoted out. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0019]      FIG. 1  shows a microscope  1  comprising a stand  2 , an illumination arm  3  having an optical axis  4 , and an image beam path (not depicted here) extending inside the stand. Of the components of the image beam path, objective nosepiece  5  having a microscope objective (not depicted here) positioned on the optical axis, and tube  6  with eyepieces  7 , are depicted. A microscope stage  8  serves for placement of the specimens being examined. Vertical adjustment of the objective, and therefore focusing of the objective onto the specimen being examined, is performed by means of Z drive knob  9 .  
         [0020]     Provided below objective nosepiece  5  is a holding apparatus, embodied as pivoting drawer  10 , for optical components. In  FIG. 1  this pivoting drawer  10  is pivoted completely into stand  2 . Its outer part is configured so that it makes a seal with the housing surface in such a way that neither dust nor stray light can penetrate. A pushbutton  11  serves as an actuation means for opening pivoting drawer  10 . This makes it possible to use a particularly well-sealing outer surface of pivoting drawer  10 , since a manual grip, e.g. in the form of grip recesses, etc., does not need to be provided. Instead, pivoting drawer  10  automatically swings out after pushbutton  11  is pressed.  
         [0021]     As an additional aid for the user of the microscope, an inspection port  12  is provided so that correct positioning of the optical component pivoted into the beam path can be checked. For that purpose, for example, inspection port  12  can encompass at its center a diffusion panel on which the portion of interest of the beam path can be made visible.  
         [0022]      FIG. 2  shows microscope  1  with the components already described with reference to  FIG. 1 . Here, however, pivoting drawer  10  is pivoted out laterally about a rotation axis. Arranged on the upper side of pivoting drawer  10  is a rotary disk  13  that carries multiple fluorescence cubes  14 . Details will be described further with reference to the Figures that follow.  
         [0023]      FIG. 3  is a cross section through stand  2  above Z drive knobs  9 , so that pivoting drawer  10  with the optical components arranged thereon is visible. Mounted on pivoting drawer  10  is a rotary disk  13  having fluorescence cubes  14  arranged thereon. Rotary disk  13  is rotatable about a rotation shaft  15  so that a selected fluorescence cube  14  is aligned and centered on optical axis  4  in the beam path of the microscope. To open pivoting drawer  10 , a pushbutton  11  is provided on stand  2 . In order to open pivoting drawer  10 , therefore, the latter is not itself touched by the user, but instead pushbutton  11  on stand  2  is pressed. Pushbutton  11  actuates a preloaded lever  16  whose locking peg  17  releases a countermember  18  on pivoting drawer  10 . Pivoting drawer  10  then pivots out of stand  2 .  
         [0024]      FIG. 4  presents the same view as  FIG. 3 , but with pivoting drawer  10  pivoted out. Identical components are labeled with identical reference numbers. To prevent pivoting drawer  10  from coming to an abrupt stop in its end position when it pivots out, and thus to prevent any possible damage to the optical components or their holding apparatuses on which they are mounted, in the advantageous embodiment shown here the pivoting-out motion is damped. For that purpose, a rotation damping element  19  is provided, which engages on the pivoting drawer and causes the pivoting drawer to swing out in a damped motion until it has reached its end position in the pivoted-out state. The energy for automatically pivoting out pivoting drawer  10  comes from a preloaded helical flat spring  20  that is arranged around pivot shaft  21  of pivoting drawer  10 . A pin  23  in pivoting drawer  10  serves as the follower for spring leg  22 .  
         [0025]     To achieve optimum access to fluorescence cube  14 , in an advantageous embodiment rotary disk  13  having fluorescence cube receptacles  24  is further rotated out slightly beyond the normal pivot angle of pivoting drawer  10 . For that purpose, a milled groove  25  in fluorescence cube receptacle  24  fits into [sic] a pin  26  installed fixedly in stand  2 , and rotates fluorescence cube receptacle  24  about rotation shaft  15  of rotary disk  13 , which is also the rotation shaft for fluorescence cube receptacle  24 . Rotary disk  13  is further rotated as far as a predefined stop, at which fluorescence cube  14  to be replaced is located in an optimum access position for the user. Fluorescence cubes  14  are mounted on fluorescence cube receptacles  24 , for example, by way of a dovetail mount or detent mechanism that is known from the existing art.  
         [0026]     In the pivoted-out state of rotary disk  10  [sic] as shown in  FIG. 4 , pivoting drawer  10  is once again locked, with locking peg  17  on lever  16 , in a swing-out countermember  27  to locking peg  17 . The closing of pivoting drawer  10  causes rotary disk  13  to rotate back into a detent position. Helical flat spring  20  is thereby re-cocked.  
         [0027]     Pivoting drawer  10  is pivoted shut as far as a fixed mechanical stop  28 . Once stop  28  has been reached, locking peg  17  on lever  16  once again engages into countermember  18  of pivoting drawer  10  and immobilizes it there.  
         [0028]     In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, pivoting drawer  10  is located on a three-point support in the pivoted-in state, thereby guaranteeing optimally stable mounting and thus optimal reproducibility of the position of filter blocks  14 , and thus of their optical alignment on optical axis  4 . A motorized drive system for rotary disk  13  having fluorescence cubes  14  proves to be a further advantage. For this, rotary disk  13  is driven via a motor  29  having a drive pinion that, in the present exemplifying embodiment, is arranged in fixedly installed fashion in stand  2 . It is also possible to arrange motor  29  on the pivoting drawer itself, although this results in a more complex voltage supply system.  
         [0029]     Detection of the current position of fluorescence cubes  14  is accomplished via a sensor circuit board  30  that is likewise arranged in fixedly installed fashion in stand  2 , and that reads an encoder disk  31  mounted on rotary disk  13 .  
       PARTS LIST  
       [0000]    
       
           1  Microscope  
           2  Stand  
           3  Illumination arm  
           4  Optical axis  
           5  Objective nosepiece  
           6  Tube  
           7  Eyepiece  
           8  Microscope stage  
           9  Z drive knob  
           10  Pivoting drawer  
           11  Pushbutton  
           12  Inspection port  
           13  Rotary disk  
           14  Fluorescence cube  
           15  Rotation axis of rotary disk  13   
           16  Lever  
           17  Locking peg  
           18  Countermember  
           19  Rotation damping element  
           20  Helical flat spring  
           21  Pivot axis of rotary disk  13   
           22  Spring leg  
           23  Pin  
           24  Fluorescence cube receptacles  
           25  Groove  
           26  Pin  
           27  Swing-out countermember  
           28  Stop for pivoting drawer  
           29  Motor  
           30  Sensor circuit board  
           31  Encoder disk