Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method of treating a hip joint of a human patient by providing at least one hip joint surface, said hip joint comprising a caput femur and an acetabulum, said method comprising the steps of: cutting the skin of said human patient, dissecting an area of the pelvic bone on the opposite side from said acetabulum, creating a hole in said dissected area, said hole passing through said pelvic bone and into said hip joint of said human patient, and providing at least one hip joint surface to said hip joint, through said hole in said pelvic bone of said human patient. The method further relates to a laparoscopic/arthroscopic method of treating a hip joint of a human patient by providing at least one hip joint surface, said hip joint comprising a caput femur and an acetabulum, said method comprising the steps of: inserting a needle or a tube like instrument into the patient&#39;s body, using the needle or tube like instrument to fill a part of the patient&#39;s body with gas and thereby expanding a cavity within said body, placing at least two laparoscopic/arthroscopic trocars in said cavity, inserting a camera through one of the laparoscopic/arthroscopic trocars into said cavity, inserting at least one dissecting tool through one of said at least two laparoscopic/arthroscopictrocars, dissecting an area of the pelvic bone on the opposite side from said acetabulum, creating a hole in said dissected area, said hole passing through said pelvic bone and into said hip joint of said human patient, and providing at least one hip joint surface to said hip joint, through said hole in said pelvic bone of said human patient.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates generally to a surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method of operating a hip joint of a human patient. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Hip joint Osteoarthritis is a syndrome in which low-grade inflammation results in pain in the hip joints, caused by abnormal wearing of the cartilage that acts as a cushion inside if the hip joint. This abnormal wearing of the cartilage also results in a decrease of the joints lubricating fluid called Synovial fluid. Hip joint Osteoarthritis is estimated to affect 80% of all people over 65 years of age, in more or less serious forms. 
         [0003]    The present treatment for hip osteoarthritis comprises NSAID drugs, local injections of Hyaluronic acid or Glucocorticoid to help lubricate the hip joint, and replacing parts of the hip joint with a prosthesis through hip joint surgery. 
         [0004]    The replacing of parts of the hip joint is one of the most common surgeries to date performed at hundreds of thousands of patients in the world every year. The most common method comprises placing a metal prosthesis in femur and a plastic bowl in acetabulum. This operation is done through a lateral incision in the hip and upper thigh and through fascia lata and the lateral muscles of the thigh. To get access to the joint, the supporting hip joint capsule attached to femur and ilium of pelvis needs to be penetrated, making it difficult to get a fully functional joint after the surgery. Femur is then cut at the neck with a bone saw and the prosthesis is placed in femur either with bone cement or without. Acetabulum is slightly enlarged using an acetabular reamer, and the plastic bowl is positioned using screws or bone cement. 
         [0005]    The surgery typically requires one week of hospitalization due to the increased risk of infection. The recovery process is on average about 6 weeks, but even after this period the patient should not perform any physical activates that places large strain on the joint. 
         [0006]    It would therefor be desirable to have an operational method that could spare the hip joint capsule and reduce the removal of healthy femur bone. It would further be preferable to have a method of operating that could shorten the time for recovery of the patient, and reducing the amount of affected large blood vessels, thus reducing the risk of blood clots. 
       SUMMARY 
     The Surgical and Laparoscopic/Arthroscopic Method 
       [0007]    A first object is to provide a surgical and/or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method for treating a hip joint of a human patient by providing at least one hip joint surface. The hip joint comprises a caput femur located on the very top of the femur bone and an acetabulum, which is a part of the pelvic bone, the caput femur is in connection with the acetabulum. 
         [0008]    The idea is to perform an operation in the hip joint through a hole in the pelvic bone, however some of the aspects of the present invention can be performed using conventional surgery entering the hip joint through the hip joint capsule, or by entering through the femur bone. 
         [0009]    The surgical method comprises the steps of cutting the skin of the human patient, dissecting an area of the pelvic bone on the opposite side from acetabulum, creating a hole in the dissected area which passes through the pelvic bone and into the hip joint, and providing at least one hip joint surface into the hip joint, through the hole in the pelvic bone. 
         [0010]    According to one embodiment, the step of cutting the skin of the human patient could be performed in the abdominal wall, the inguinal area, the pelvic region or the abdominal region of the patient. 
         [0011]    The laparoscopic/arthroscopic method comprises the steps of inserting a needle or a tube like instrument into the abdominal region, pelvic region or inguinal region of the patient&#39;s body, using the needle or tube like instrument to fill the patient&#39;s body with gas, placing at least two laparoscopic/arthroscopic trocars in the patient&#39;s body, and inserting a camera through one of the laparoscopic/arthroscopic trocars into the patient&#39;s body. At least one dissecting tool is inserted through one of said at least two laparoscopic/arthroscopic trocars, after which an area of the pelvic bone on the opposite side from said acetabulum is dissected. Furthermore the method comprises the steps of creating a hole in said dissected area that passes through the pelvic bone and into the hip joint of the human patient, and providing at least one hip joint surface to the hip joint, through the hole in the pelvic bone. 
         [0012]    According to one embodiment, the step of inserting a needle or tube like instrument is performed in the abdominal wall, the inguinal area, the pelvic region or the abdominal region of the patient. 
         [0013]    The step of dissecting an area of the pelvic bone performed in both the surgical and the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method could be performed in the abdominal cavity, an area between peritoneum and the pelvic bone, an area of the pelvic bone and surrounding tissue, the pelvic area or an area of the pelvic bone that comprises the inguinal area. Dissecting a combination of the above mentioned areas is also conceivable. It is obvious that the methods described may both be combined or altered reaching the same goal to dissect the pelvic bone on the opposite side of the acetabulum. 
         [0014]    The surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method could further comprise the step of reaming the caput femur and/or the acetabulum, e.g. by means of an expandable reamer. 
         [0015]    According to one embodiment the artificial hip joint surface could be fixated to the pelvic bone or to the caput femur after the step of providing said hip joint surface. The fixation could be performed by means of mechanical fixating members, such as screws or plates, adhesive, bone cement, or a combination thereof. When the artificial hip joint surface has been placed in the hip joint, the surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method could further comprise the step of closing the hole in the pelvic bone using a bone plug, a prosthetic part, bone cement, or a combination thereof. 
         [0016]    According to another embodiment the artificial hip joint surface is provided by means of a mould placed in the hip joint through a hole in the pelvic bone, the hip joint capsule or the femur bone. Said artificial hip joint surface could comprise an artificial acetabulum surface and/or an artificial caput femur surface. After the mould has been inserted into the hip joint a fluid is injected which serves as an artificial caput femur surface after hardening. It is conceivable that said mould is resorbable by the human body or made of a material adapted to melt. 
         [0017]    According to yet another embodiment the artificial hip joint surface is provided by injecting a fluid into a sealed area of the hip joint. Said artificial hip joint surface could comprise an artificial acetabulum surface and/or an artificial caput femur surface. The sealed area is sealed by means of at least one sealing member placed in said hip joint through a hole in the pelvic bone, the hip joint capsule or the femur bone. It is conceivable that said at lest one sealing member is resorbable by the human body or made of a material adapted to melt. 
         [0018]    After the steps of the surgical method have been performed, the instruments are withdrawn and the skin is closed using sutures or staples. 
       The Acetabulum Surface 
       [0019]    According to one embodiment, the step of providing an artificial acetabulum surface comprises providing an artificial acetabulum surface adapted to be inserted into the hip joint through a hole in the pelvic bone and to be in connection with the pelvic bone and carry the load placed on the caput femur from the weight of the patient by the connection with the pelvic bone. It is conceivable that the diameter of the hole is larger than the largest diameter of the artificial acetabulum surface thus allowing the artificial acetabulum surface to pass through the hole in its entirety, however it is also conceivable that said hole is smaller than the largest diameter of the artificial acetabulum surface thus hindering the artificial acetabulum surface from passing through the hole, which makes it possible for the edges of said hole to carry the load placed on said acetabulum from the weight of the patient. 
         [0020]    According to one embodiment, the step of providing an artificial acetabulum surface comprises providing an artificial acetabulum surface comprising at least one supporting member which in turn could comprise at least one screw, adhesive, at least one plate, bone cement, a section of the artificial acetabulum surface or a combination of the mentioned alternatives. It is also conceivable that the supporting member comprises a first and second part. The second part is displaceable in relation to the first part and adapted to carry a load by the connection with the pelvic bone, and carries the load when displaced. 
         [0021]    According to one embodiment, the step of providing an artificial acetabulum surface comprises providing an artificial acetabulum surface comprising at least two acetabulum surface parts. The at least two artificial acetabulum surface parts are adapted to be connected to each other after insertion in a hip joint of a human patient to form an artificial acetabulum surface. The two artificial caput femur surface parts could be adapted to be mechanically connected using at least one of: at least one screw, at least one pin, at least one portion of at least one of the parts adapted to be introduced into the other part, the parts being adapted to be sliding into the other part, form fitting, welding, adhesive, pin, wire, a ball mounted into a bowl being portions of said parts, a male portion of one part mounted into a female portion of the other part, a key introduced into a lock being portions of said parts, band, or other mechanical connecting members. 
         [0022]    The artificial acetabulum being severable enables the insertion of the artificial acetabulum surface through a hole smaller than the artificial acetabulum surface which makes it possible for the edges of said hole to carry the load placed on said acetabulum from the weight of the human patient. 
         [0023]    According to one embodiment, the step of providing an artificial acetabulum surface comprises providing an artificial acetabulum surface adapted to have a varying largest diameter for insertion through a hole in the pelvic bone from the opposite side from acetabulum, and the diameter of said artificial acetabulum surface varies when said artificial acetabulum surface is being inserted through said hole in the pelvic bone. Since the largest diameter of the artificial acetabulum surface is adapted to vary between being both smaller and larger than the hole in the pelvic bone, the hole could having a diameter smaller than the largest diameter of the artificial acetabulum surface. 
         [0024]    The surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method could comprise the step of inserting the artificial acetabulum surface adapted to have a varying largest diameter through the hole in the pelvic bone. In this embodiment it is conceivable that the artificial acetabulum surface is adapted to be flexible in its construction, thus enabling the insertion of said artificial acetabulum surface through a hole in the pelvic bone that is smaller than said largest diameter of the artificial acetabulum surface. The flexible part of the artificial acetabulum surface could further be adapted to expand after insertion through the hole making the largest diameter of the artificial acetabulum surface larger than the diameter of the hole in the pelvic bone, thus hindering the artificial acetabulum surface from passing through the hole. 
       Caput Femur Surface 
       [0025]    According to one embodiment, the step of providing at least one hip joint surface comprises the step of providing an artificial caput femur surface adapted to be in connection with said acetabulum surface. It is conceivable that the diameter of the hole is larger than the largest diameter of the caput femur thus allowing the caput femur to pass through the hole. However it is also conceivable that said hole is smaller than the largest diameter of the caput femur thus hindering the caput femur from passing through the hole. 
         [0026]    According to one embodiment, the step of providing an artificial caput femur surface comprises providing an artificial caput femur surface comprising at least two caput femur surface parts adapted to be connected to each other after insertion in a hip joint to form an artificial caput femur surface. According to one embodiment the at least two artificial caput femur surface parts are inserted through a hole in the pelvic bone from the opposite side from acetabulum, said hole having a diameter less than the largest diameter of said artificial caput femur surface. The mechanical connection that connects the parts of the artificial caput femur surface could be created using screws, form fitting, welding, sprints, band, adhesive or some other mechanical connecting member. 
         [0027]    According to one embodiment the step of providing an artificial caput femur surface comprises providing an artificial caput femur surface adapted to have a varying largest diameter and having a largest diameter that varies for insertion through a hole in the pelvic bone from the opposite side from acetabulum of said human patient. Since the largest diameter of the artificial caput femur surface varies between being both smaller and larger than the hole in the pelvic bone, the hole could have a diameter smaller than the largest diameter of the artificial caput femur surface. 
         [0028]    According to one embodiment, the step of providing an artificial caput femur surface comprises the step of inserting the artificial caput femur surface adapted to have a varying largest diameter through the hole in the pelvic bone. In this embodiment it is conceivable that the artificial caput femur surface is adapted to be flexible in its construction, and is flexible in its construction when being inserted through a hole in the pelvic bone that is smaller than said largest diameter of the artificial caput femur surface. The flexible part of the artificial caput femur surface could further be adapted to expand, and expands, after insertion through the hole making the largest diameter of the artificial caput femur surface larger than the diameter of the hole in the pelvic bone, thus hindering the artificial caput femur surface from passing through the hole. 
         [0029]    According to one embodiment, the step of providing an artificial caput femur surface comprises the step of providing at least two artificial caput femur surface parts. These at least two artificial caput femur surface parts are adapted to be connected, and connects to each other to form an artificial caput femur surface having a greatest internal cross-sectional area. The artificial caput femur surface is hollow and has an opening with a cross-sectional area smaller than the greatest internal cross-sectional area of the artificial caput femur, i.e. said artificial caput femur surface is larger than equator frustum spherical. 
         [0030]    According to one embodiment, the step of providing an artificial caput femur surface comprises the step of providing an artificial caput femur surface that is hollow and has a greatest internal cross-sectional area and an opening with an area less than said greatest internal cross-sectional area of said artificial caput femur surface when mounted on the caput femur. The artificial caput femur surface further comprises at least one slit allowing said artificial caput femur surface to be mounted on said caput femur, which requires a diameter larger that the diameter of caput femur, and an opening smaller than said greatest internal cross-sectional area. 
         [0031]    The surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method could further comprise the steps of, inserting at least two artificial caput femur surface parts into the hip joint and mounting the at least two artificial caput femur surface parts on the hip joint to form an artificial caput femur surface. The artificial caput femur surface could be mechanically fixated to the caput femur by means of the mounting on the caput femur, i.e. the artificial caput femur surface can not be removed without dismounting the artificial caput femur surface parts. 
       Instruments 
       [0032]    According to one embodiment the above mentioned step of reaming the acetabulum and/or the caput femur is performed by means of an expandable reamer after the step of inserting said expandable reamer through a hole in the pelvic bone has been performed. 
         [0033]    The expandable reamer could be adapted to be inserted through a hole in the pelvic bone and could be adapted to be bent using one or more fixed angles, adjustable angles or parallel displaced parts or sections. 
         [0034]    According to one embodiment the hole in said dissected area could be created using a surgical instrument creating a through-going hole in the acetabulum area from the abdominal side of the pelvic bone of said human patient through repetitive or continuous movement. 
         [0035]    The surgical instrument could be adapted to create a through-going hole in the acetabulum area from the abdominal side of the pelvic bone of said human patient through repetitive or continuous movement. Furthermore the surgical instrument could comprise a driving member, a bone contacting organ in connection with said driving member and an operating device adapted to operate said driving member. 
         [0036]    According to one embodiment the step of creating a through-going hole in the acetabulum area from the abdominal side of the pelvic bone is performed using a surgical instrument adapted to create a through-going hole in the pelvic bone further adapted to be bent using one or more fixed angles, adjustable angles or parallel displaced parts or sections. It is furthermore conceivable that said instrument could be adapted to ream the acetabulum and/or the caput femur, e.g. by means of the bone contacting organ being replaceable. 
         [0037]    According to one embodiment the surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method comprises the step of dissecting in the dissecting area. In this embodiment it is further conceivable that said dissecting is performed using a dissecting tool adapted to dissect an area of the pelvic bone from the opposite side from acetabulum. 
         [0038]    According to one embodiment the surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method comprises the step of placing a mould in the hip joint. In this embodiment it is further conceivable that said mould is placed in the hip joint through at least one of, the hip joint capsule, the pelvic bone, or the femur bone using a mould placing instrument. This instrument could be adapted to place a mould in the hip joint of a human patient, furthermore said instrument could be equipped with a fixed angle, an adjustable angle or a parallel displaced part or section for improved reach. 
         [0039]    According to another embodiment the above mentioned surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method comprises the step of placing at least one sealing member in the hip joint. In this embodiment it is further conceivable that the sealing member is placed in the hip joint through at least one of, the hip joint capsule, the pelvic bone, or the femur bone using an instrument adapted therefor. This instrument could be equipped with a fixed angle, an adjustable angle or a parallel displaced part or section for improved reach. 
         [0040]    According to some of the above mentioned embodiments, the step of providing an artificial caput femur or acetabulum surface comprises the steps of providing at least two artificial acetabulum/caput femur surface parts. According to these embodiments the surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method could comprise the step of inserting these at least two artificial acetabulum/caput femur surface parts, in which case a surgical instrument adapted therefor could be used. Said instrument could be adapted to insert the parts through at least one of, the hip joint capsule, the pelvic bone, or the femur bone. It is furthermore conceivable that said instrument is equipped with a fixed angle, an adjustable angle or a parallel displaced part or section for improved reach. 
         [0041]    According to one embodiment the driving member and bone contacting organ together from an elongated member, placing said elongated member achieving a first supporting point for the bone contacting organ in the femoral bone and a second supporting point in a pelvic bone. 
         [0042]    According to one embodiment, an operating device giving force to said driving member from outside the body, lateral on the opposite side of said hip joint outside the opposite side ilium pelvic bone outside the body. The elongated member could be adapted to receiving force from an operation device in the abdomen. 
         [0043]    According to another embodiment, the elongated member is adapted to receive said force from an operation device outside the body, lateral of the proximal femoral bone. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0044]    The invention is now described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0045]      FIG. 1  shows different locations of the incisions made in the human body in the surgical method, 
           [0046]      FIG. 2  shows the hip joint in section, 
           [0047]      FIG. 3  shows different locations where small incisions can be made in the human body in the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method, 
           [0048]      FIG. 4  shows the hip joint in section when a hole is created in the pelvic bone, 
           [0049]      FIG. 5  shows the hip joint in section when a small hole is created in the pelvic bone, 
           [0050]      FIG. 6  shows the instrument that creates a hole in the pelvic bone according to a first embodiment, 
           [0051]      FIG. 7  shows the instrument that creates a hole in the pelvic bone according to a first embodiment in greater detail, 
           [0052]      FIG. 8  shows the instrument that creates a hole in the pelvic bone according to a second embodiment, 
           [0053]      FIG. 9  shows the instrument that creates a hole in the pelvic bone according to a third embodiment, 
           [0054]      FIG. 10  shows the bone contacting organ according to a first embodiment, 
           [0055]      FIG. 11  shows the bone contacting organ according to a second embodiment, 
           [0056]      FIG. 12  shows the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method of operating the hip joint of a human patient, 
           [0057]      FIG. 13  shows a step of the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method in greater detail, 
           [0058]      FIG. 14  shows a lateral view in section of the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method, 
           [0059]      FIG. 15  shows the expandable reamer, 
           [0060]      FIG. 16  shows the expandable reamer in its folded state, 
           [0061]      FIG. 17  shows the expandable reamer from underneath, 
           [0062]      FIG. 18  shows the expandable reamer being used in the surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method, 
           [0063]      FIG. 19  shows the step of providing an artificial caput femur surface, 
           [0064]      FIG. 20  shows the a section of the hip joint after the artificial caput femur surface has been provided, 
           [0065]      FIG. 21   a  show the insertion of artificial caput femur surface parts into the hip joint, 
           [0066]      FIG. 21   b  shows the artificial caput femur surface parts after they have been connected inside of the hip joint forming an artificial caput femur surface, 
           [0067]      FIG. 21   c  shows how the form of the artificial caput femur surface parts enables the connection of the artificial caput femur surface parts to form an artificial caput femur surface, 
           [0068]      FIG. 21   d  shows a camera being inserted into the hip joint, 
           [0069]      FIG. 22  shows the insertion of artificial hip joint surface parts in the surgical method, 
           [0070]      FIG. 23  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to a first embodiment, 
           [0071]      FIG. 24  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to a second embodiment, 
           [0072]      FIG. 25   a  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to a third embodiment, 
           [0073]      FIG. 25   b  shows the function of the artificial caput femur surface according to a third embodiment, 
           [0074]      FIG. 25   c  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to a third embodiment, in its folded state, 
           [0075]      FIG. 25   d  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to a third embodiment in perspective, 
           [0076]      FIG. 25   e  shows the connecting function of the artificial caput femur surface according to a third embodiment, 
           [0077]      FIG. 26   a  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to a fourth embodiment, 
           [0078]      FIG. 26   b  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to the fourth embodiment in its folded state, 
           [0079]      FIG. 27   a  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to a fifth embodiment, 
           [0080]      FIG. 27   b  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to the fifth embodiment in greater detail, 
           [0081]      FIG. 27   c  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to the fifth embodiment when assembled, 
           [0082]      FIG. 28   a  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to a sixth embodiment, 
           [0083]      FIG. 28   b  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to a sixth embodiment when fixated to the caput femur, 
           [0084]      FIG. 28   c  shows an artificial caput femur surface being larger than equator frustum spherical, 
           [0085]      FIG. 29   a  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to a seventh embodiment, 
           [0086]      FIG. 29   b  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to the seventh embodiment when assembled, 
           [0087]      FIG. 29   c  shows the artificial caput femur surface according to the seventh embodiment with the connecting members enlarged, 
           [0088]      FIG. 30  shows an artificial acetabulum surface when being inserted into a hip joint, 
           [0089]      FIG. 31  shows an artificial acetabulum surface according to a first embodiment, 
           [0090]      FIG. 32   a  shows an artificial acetabulum surface according to a second embodiment, 
           [0091]      FIG. 32   b  shows an artificial acetabulum surface according to the second embodiment in greater detail, 
           [0092]      FIG. 32   c  shows the artificial acetabulum surface when assembled, 
           [0093]      FIG. 33   a  shows an artificial acetabulum surface according to a third embodiment, 
           [0094]      FIG. 33   b  shows an artificial acetabulum surface according to the third embodiment when assembled, 
           [0095]      FIG. 33   c  shows the connection function of the artificial acetabulum surface according to the third embodiment, 
           [0096]      FIG. 34   a  shows an artificial acetabulum surface according to a fourth embodiment, 
           [0097]      FIG. 34   b  shows the function of the artificial acetabulum surface according to the fourth embodiment, 
           [0098]      FIG. 34   c  shows an artificial acetabulum surface according to a fourth embodiment in its folded state, 
           [0099]      FIG. 34   d  shows the connection function of the artificial acetabulum surface according to the fourth embodiment, 
           [0100]      FIG. 35   a  shows an artificial acetabulum surface according to a fifth embodiment, 
           [0101]      FIG. 35   b  shows an artificial acetabulum surface according to the fifth embodiment in its folded state, 
           [0102]      FIG. 36   a  shows an instrument for inserting parts into a hip joint according to a first embodiment, 
           [0103]      FIG. 36   b  shows an instrument for inserting parts into a hip joint according to a second embodiment, 
           [0104]      FIG. 36   c  shows an instrument for inserting parts into a hip joint according to a third embodiment, 
           [0105]      FIG. 37  shows a hip joint in section after an artificial caput femur surface and an artificial acetabulum surface have been provided, 
           [0106]      FIG. 38  shows a hip joint in section when a mould is being inserted, 
           [0107]      FIG. 39   a  shows the creation of a hole in the femur bone, 
           [0108]      FIG. 39   b  shows an instrument able to introduce objects into a hip joint through the femur bone, 
           [0109]      FIG. 39   c  shows the placing of a mould inside of the hip joint using an instrument that operates through the femur bone, 
           [0110]      FIG. 39   d  shows the hip joint in section after the placing of a mould inside of the hip joint using an instrument that operates through the femur bone, 
           [0111]      FIG. 40  shows the insertion of a first sealing member into a hip joint, 
           [0112]      FIG. 41  shows the insertion of a second sealing member, 
           [0113]      FIG. 42   a  shows the creation of a hole in the femur bone, 
           [0114]      FIG. 42   b  shows an instrument able to introduce objects into a hip joint through the femur bone, 
           [0115]      FIG. 42   c  shows the placing of a sealing member inside of the hip joint using an instrument that operates through the femur bone, 
           [0116]      FIG. 43   a  shows an instrument for insertion of a mould or a sealing member into a hip joint, 
           [0117]      FIG. 43   b  shows the instrument for insertion of a mould or a sealing member into a hip joint in section, 
           [0118]      FIG. 43   c  shows the instrument for insertion of a mould or a sealing member into a hip joint according to a second embodiment, 
           [0119]      FIG. 44  shows the insertion of fluid into an area of the hip joint, 
           [0120]      FIG. 45  shows the filling of a sealed area inside of the hip joint using an instrument that operates through the pelvic bone, 
           [0121]      FIG. 46  shows the filling of a mould inside of the hip joint using an instrument that operates through the femur bone, 
           [0122]      FIG. 47  shows the filling of a sealed area inside of the hip joint using an instrument that operates through the femur bone, 
           [0123]      FIG. 48  shows a hip joint in section after a sealed area in the hip joint has been filled with a fluid, 
           [0124]      FIG. 49  shows the closing of a hole in the hip joint using a bone plug, 
           [0125]      FIG. 50  shows the fixation of a bone plug in the pelvic bone, 
           [0126]      FIG. 51  shows a part for closing a hole in the pelvic bone having displaceable supporting members, 
           [0127]      FIG. 52   a  shows a prosthetic part being used to close a hole in the pelvic bone, 
           [0128]      FIG. 52   b  shows how sections of a prosthetic part is used as support against the edges of the hole in the pelvic bone, 
           [0129]      FIG. 52   c  shows the insertion of a prosthetic part in the hole in the pelvic bone, 
           [0130]      FIG. 53   a  shows how screws are being used to fixate a bone plug or a prosthetic part in the hole in the pelvic bone of a human patient, 
           [0131]      FIG. 53   b  shows how a supporting plate is being used to fixate a bone plug or a prosthetic part in the hole in the pelvic bone of a human patient, 
           [0132]      FIG. 53   c  shows two bone plugs or prosthetic parts being fixated using a supporting plate, 
           [0133]      FIG. 53   d  shows a section of the hip joint after two holes in the pelvic bone have been filled with a fluid, 
           [0134]      FIG. 54   a  shows an injecting member adapted to inject a fluid into an area of the hip joint, 
           [0135]      FIG. 54   b  shows an injecting member adapted to inject a fluid into an area of the hip joint when injecting a fluid, 
           [0136]      FIG. 55  shows an injecting member in further detail, 
           [0137]      FIG. 56   a  shows the step of suturing or stapling in the surgical method, 
           [0138]      FIG. 56   b  shows the step of suturing or stapling in the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method, 
       
    
    
     DEFINITIONS 
       [0139]    Functional position size and full functional size is the size of the artificial hip joint surface when it performs its function of working as a hip joint surface inside of the hip joint. 
         [0140]    Frustum spherical is a geometric shape wherein a section of a sphere has been removed from a full sphere along a cross-sectional area of the sphere. Larger than equator frustum spherical aims to illustrate that the section removed from the sphere is smaller than the remainder so that the surface of the sphere still covers more than half of a full sphere and thus passes beyond the equator of said full sphere. An illustration of the larger than equator frustum spherical artificial caput femur surface is given in  FIG. 28   c.    
         [0141]    The largest diameter of caput femur is the largest diameter of the sphere shaped caput femur that could be created with a radius substantially perpendicular to the collum femur bone. 
         [0142]    A cross-sectional distance is the distance between two or more elements located on a common three dimensional geometrical structure. According to one embodiment a cross sectional distance is the distance between two elements on an artificial caput femur surface, wherein said two elements produces a spherical shape having said cross-section. 
         [0143]    Functional hip movements are to be understood as movements of the hip that at least partly correspond to the natural movements of the hip. On some occasions the natural movements of the hip joint might be somewhat limited or altered after hip joint surgery, which makes the functional hip movements of a hip joint with artificial surfaces somewhat different than the functional hip movements of a natural hip joint. 
         [0144]    The functional position of an implantable medical device or prosthesis is the position in which the hip joint can perform functional hip movements. The final position is to be understood as a functional position in which the medical device needs no further position change. 
         [0145]    Biocompatible material is to be understood as being a material with low level of immune response. Biocompatible materials are sometimes also referred to as biomaterials. Analogous is biocompatible metals a biocompatible metal with low immune response such as titanium or tantalum. The biocompatible metal could also be a biocompatible alloy comprising at least one biocompatible metal. 
         [0146]    Form fitting is to be understood as an element having a part or section which is adapted to enable a mechanical connection of said element to at least one other element using said part or section. Form fitted structure is a structure of an element which enables form fitting. 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0147]    In the following a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be given. In the drawing figures, like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding elements throughout the several figures. It will be appreciated that these figures are for illustration only and are not in any way restricting the scope of the invention. Thus, any references to direction, such as “up” or “down”, are only referring to the directions shown in the figures. Also, any dimensions etc. shown in the figures are for illustration purposes. 
         [0148]    The medical device according to any of the embodiments could comprise at least one material selected from a group consisting of: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). It is furthermore conceivable that the material comprises a metal alloy, such as cobalt-chromium-molybdenum or titanium or stainless steel, or polyethylene, such as cross-linked polyethylene or gas sterilized polyethylene. The use of ceramic material is also conceivable, in the contacting surfaces or the entire medical device such as zirconium or zirconium dioxide ceramics or alumina ceramics. The part of the medical device in contact with human bone for fixation of the medical device to human bone could comprise a poorhouse structure which could be a porous micro or nano-structure adapted to promote the growth-in of human bone in the medical device for fixating the medical device. The porous structure could be achieved by applying a hydroxy-apatite (HA) coating, or a rough open-pored titanium coating, which could be produced by air plasma spraying, a combination comprising a rough open-pored titanium coating and a HA top layer is also conceivable. The contacting parts could be made of a self lubricated material such as a waxy polymer, such as PTFE, PFA, FEP, PE and UHMWPE, or a powder metallurgy material which could be infused with a lubricant, which preferably is a biocompatible lubricant such as a Hyaluronic acid derivate. It is also conceivable that the material of contacting parts or surfaces of the medical device herein is adapted to be constantly or intermittently lubricated. According to some embodiments the parts or portions of the medical device could comprise a combination of metal materials and/or carbon fibers and/or boron, a combination of metal and plastic materials, a combination of metal and carbon based material, a combination of carbon and plastic based material, a combination of flexible and stiff materials, a combination of elastic and less elastic materials, Corian or acrylic polymers. 
         [0149]      FIG. 1  shows a frontal view of the body of a human patient. A surgical method of operating the hip joint from the opposite side from acetabulum, is according to a first embodiment performed starting with an incision  1  in the abdominal wall of the human patient. The incision  1  passes through the rectus abdominis and peritoneum in to the abdomen of the human patent. In a second preferred embodiment the incision  2  is conducted through the abdominal wall, preferably rectus abdominis and in to the pelvic area, below peritoneum. According to a third embodiment the incision  3  is performed just between Illium and the surrounding tissue, an incision  3  which could enable the pelvic bone to be dissected with very little penetration of fascia and muscular tissue. According to a fourth embodiment the incision  4  is made in the inguinal channel. In all of the four embodiments the tissue surrounding the pelvic bone  9  in the area opposite to acetabulum is removed or penetrated which enables the surgeon to reach the pelvic bone  9 . 
         [0150]      FIG. 2  shows the hip joint of a human patient in a lateral view. The hip joint comprises a caput femur  5  placed at the very top of collum femur  6  which is the top part of the femur bone  7 . The caput femur is in connection with the acetabulum  8  which is a bowl shaped part of the pelvic bone  9 . Both the caput femur surface  10  and the acetabulum surface  11  is covered with articular cartilage  13  which acts as a cushion in the hip joint. In patients with hip joint osteoarthritis, this articular cartilage  13  is abnormally worn down due to a low grade inflammation. The hip joint is surrounded by the hip joint capsule  12  which provides support for the joint and hinders luxation. After conventional hip joint surgery, penetrating the hip joint capsule  12 , the capsule  12  is dramatically weakened due to the limited healing possibilities of its ligament tissue. By performing hip joint surgery without damaging the hip joint capsule  12  the patient can fully recover and place equal amount of strain on an artificial joint as is possible on a natural one. 
         [0151]      FIG. 3  shows a frontal view of the body of a human patient. A laparoscopic/arthroscopic method of operating the hip joint, from the opposite side from acetabulum, is according to a first embodiment performed starting with making small incisions  14  in the abdominal wall of the human patient. The small incisions enable the surgeon to insert laparoscopic/arthroscopic trocars into the abdomen of the human patient. According to the first embodiment the incisions  14  passes through the rectus abdominis and peritoneum in to the abdomen of the human patent. According to a second preferred embodiment the small incisions  15  is conducted through the rectus abdominis and in to the pelvic area, below peritoneum. 
         [0152]    According to a third embodiment the small incisions  16  is performed just between Illium and the surrounding tissue, an incision  16  which could enable the pelvic bone to be dissected with very little penetration of fascia and muscular tissue. According to a fourth embodiment the incision  17  is made in the inguinal channel. In all of the four embodiments the tissue surrounding the pelvic bone  9  in the area opposite to acetabulum  8  is removed or penetrated which enables the surgeon to reach the pelvic bone  9 . 
         [0153]    After dissecting the pelvic bone  9  a hole  18  is created in the bone  9 , shown in  FIG. 4 . The hole  18  passes through the pelvic bone from the opposite side from acetabulum  8  and into the hip joint  19 . According to a first embodiment the hole  18  is large which allows a prosthesis to pass through said hole  18  in its full functional size. According to a second embodiment the hole  20  created in the surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method is much smaller as shown in  FIG. 5  allowing the surgical instrument creating the hole to be smaller, and thus the incision and dissection performed in the human body. 
         [0154]      FIG. 6  shows a first embodiment of said surgical instrument creating the hole  18 ,  20  in the pelvic bone  9 . The surgical instrument comprises a driving member  21   a, b . The driving member  21   a,b  could be a shaft, a rod, a belt, a chain or any other element suitable for transferring force or torque. The surgical instrument also comprises a bone contacting organ  22  which is adapted to create the hole  18 ,  20  in the pelvic bone  9 . The bone contacting organ  22  could have a sawing, drilling or milling effect using sharp objects; it is furthermore conceivable that said bone contacting organ  22  creates a hole using water, abrasive fluids, laser or radiation. The surgical instrument also comprises an operating device  23   a  adapted to operate the driving member  21   a,b . The operating device could comprise an electrical, mechanical, pneumatic or magnetic motor and it could be adapted to create a rotating, oscillating, vibrating or repetitive movement. According to one embodiment the operating device  23   b  could be placed in direct connection with the bone contacting organ  22  shown in  FIG. 7  in which case the operating device  23   b  also serves as driving member. In this construction a handle portion  24  could be attached to the surgical instrument facilitating the surgeons handling of said surgical instrument. To improve the reach of the surgical instrument the handle portion  24  could be attached perpendicular to the hole-creating direction  25  of the surgical instrument, it is furthermore conceivable that the handle portion  24  is bent by means of a parallel displaced part or section, a fixed angle, an adjustable angle or a flexible part or section. 
         [0155]    According to one embodiment of  FIG. 6  the surgical instrument further comprises a parallel displaced part or section  26 . The parallel displaced part or section  26  improves the reach of the medical device and enables the creation of a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . According to one embodiment shown in  FIG. 6  the parallel displaced part or section  26  has a telescopic function by means of the parallel displaced part or section  26  being divided in to a first and second part  27   a, b , wherein the second part  27   b  can slide in and out of the first part  27   a.    
         [0156]      FIG. 8  shows the surgical instrument according to a second embodiment wherein said surgical instrument comprises a driving member  28   a,b,c  with two angle adjusting members  29   a,b . The angle adjusting members  29   a,b  could be adjustable for varying the angle of said driving member  28   a,b,c  or fixed in an angle suitable for creating a hole in the pelvic bone  9  from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . In another embodiment (not shown) the part of the driving member  28   c  in connection with the bone contacting organ  22  could be very short enabling the surgical instrument to operate very close to the pelvic bone  9  when creating a hole  18  in said pelvic bone  9 . 
         [0157]      FIG. 9  shows the surgical instrument according to a third embodiment wherein the driving member  30  is flexible, enabling said driving member  30  to be very precisely adjusted to create a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  of the patient. The stiffness of said driving member  30  could range from completely flexible to completely stiff to fit the surroundings of the particular operation. 
         [0158]      FIG. 10  shows the bone contacting organ according to a first embodiment wherein the bone contacting organ  22   a  is adapted to crate a bone plug  31 . The bone plug  31  could be adapted to be replaced into said hole  18  after the steps of the surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method have been performed in the hip joint. 
         [0159]      FIG. 11  shows the bone contacting organ according to a second embodiment wherein the bone contacting organ  22   b  is adapted to create small pieces of bone  32  when creating said hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9 . The small pieces of bone could be transported from the area and out of the body using vacuum power or a hydraulic transport system. 
         [0160]      FIG. 12  shows a frontal view of the body of a human patient, illustrating the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method of operating the hip joint from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . The hip joint comprising the acetabulum  8  and the caput femur  5 . The small incisions  14  in the abdominal wall of the human patient allows the insertion of laparoscopic/arthroscopic trocars  33   a,b,c  into the body of the patients. Whereafter one or more camera  34 , a surgical instrument adapted to create a hole in the pelvic bone  35 , or instruments  36  for introducing, placing, connecting, attaching, creating or filling prosthesis or prosthetic parts, can be inserted into said body through said laparoscopic/arthroscopic trocars  33   a,b,c.    
         [0161]      FIG. 13  shows a close-up of the insertion  37  of prosthetic parts  38  into the patients body through said laparoscopic/arthroscopic trocars  33   a,b,c.    
         [0162]      FIG. 14  shows a lateral view of the body of a human patient, with the hip joint shown in section. The hip joint comprises a caput femur  5  placed at the very top of collum femur  6  which is the top part of the femur bone  7 . The caput femur  5  is in connection with the acetabulum  8  which is a bowl shaped part of the pelvic bone  9 . Laparoscopic/arthroscopic trocars  33   a,b,c  is being used to reach the hip joint  39  with one or more camera  34 , a surgical instrument  35  adapted to create a hole in the pelvic bone  9 , or instruments  36  for introducing, placing, connecting, attaching, creating or filling prosthesis or prosthetic parts. 
         [0163]    The surgical and laparoscopic/arthroscopic methods shown in  FIG. 1 ,  3 ,  12 ,  13 ,  14  further comprises the step of reaming the acetabulum  8  or the caput femur  5 . According to a first embodiment the reaming of the acetabulum  8  or the caput femur  5  is performed using an expandable reamer shown in  FIG. 15-17 . The expandable reamer comprises at least one reaming blade  40  which comprises a reaming surface  41   a,b . Said expandable reamer could be adapted to ream the acetabulum  8 , the caput femur  5  or both. In the embodiment where said expandable reamer is adapted to ream the acetabulum  8  said reaming surface  41   a  is located on the exterior part of the at least one reaming blade  40 , whereas in the embodiment when said expandable reamer is adapted to ream the caput femur  5 , said reaming surface  41   b  is located on the interior part of the at least one reaming blade  40 . According to a second embodiment said expandable reamer is adapted to ream both the acetabulum and the caput femur, in which case the reamer has reaming surfaces  41   a,b  both on the exterior and the interior part of the at least one reaming blade  40 . 
         [0164]      FIG. 16  shows the expandable reamer according to a third embodiment, wherein the reaming blades  40  can be folded towards a center of the semi-sphere that the expandable reamer produces in its expanded state, shown in  FIG. 15 . The folding of the reaming blades  40  enables the expandable reamer to be introduced into a hip joint through a hole smaller than the area possible to ream using said expandable reamer. 
         [0165]      FIG. 17  shows the interior said of the expandable reamer with the reaming blades  40 . In the embodiment when the expandable reamer is adapted to ream the caput femur said interior side of the at least one reaming blade  40  comprises a reaming surface  41   b.    
         [0166]      FIG. 18 . shows the expandable reamer according to any of the embodiments when reaming said acetabulum  8  and/or said caput femur  5 . The reamer can be adapted to be operated manually or by means of a rotating, vibrating or oscillating operating device. 
         [0167]    According the one embodiment the bone contacting organ  22  of the surgical instrument shown in  FIG. 6-11  can be replace with the expandable reamer shown in  FIG. 15-17 . and in which case the expandable reamer can be powered using the operating device  23   a,b  used in said surgical instrument. 
         [0168]    After the preparation of the hip joint surfaces the method step of inserting or creating new surfaces is performed. 
         [0169]      FIG. 19  shows the hip joint in section with the caput femur  5  placed at the very top of collum femur  6  which is the top part of the femur bone  7 . The caput femur is in connection with the acetabulum  8  which is a bowl shaped part of the pelvic bone  9 . According to a first embodiment the hole  18  created in the pelvic bone  9  from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 , is larger than said artificial caput femur surface  45 , enabling the insertion of said artificial caput femur surface  43  in its full functional size. Said insertion of said artificial caput femur surface  43  could be performed as a step of the surgical method, as well as a step of the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method. After the insertion, the artificial caput femur surface  43  is attached to the caput femur  5 , according to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 19-20  the attaching is performed by means of a mechanical attachment  44  comprising a shaft or screw penetrating the cortex. It is however also conceivable that the mechanical attachment  44  is assisted by bone cement or adhesive placed between caput femur  5  and the artificial caput femur surface  43 , or in connection with said shaft or screw  44 . Alternative ways of attaching the artificial caput femur surface  43  includes: form fitting, welding, sprints, band or some other mechanical connecting member. 
         [0170]      FIG. 20  shows the hip joint in section with the artificial caput femur surface  43  attached to the caput femur  5 . 
         [0171]      FIG. 21   a  shows the hip joint in section according to a second embodiment in which the hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  is smaller than the artificial caput femur surface  45  in its full functional size. According to this embodiment the artificial caput femur surface  45  is introduced into said hip joint through the hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  form the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . The artificial caput femur surface parts  46  are connected to each other after insertion into said hip joint to form the artificial caput femur surface  45 . 
         [0172]      FIG. 21   b  shows the hip joint in section when the artificial caput femur surface parts  46  are connected to each other using form fitting  47 , however it is conceivable that the form fitting is assisted or replaced with adhesive or bone cement. After the artificial caput femur surface parts  46  have been introduced and connected in the hip joint, they are mechanically fixated to the caput femur  5 , the mechanical fixation could be done by means of screws, form fitting, welding, sprints, band, adhesive or some other mechanical attachment member. 
         [0173]      FIG. 21   c  shows the artificial caput femur surface parts  46  with the parts supplying the form fitting  47 . 
         [0174]      FIG. 21   d  shows the hip joint in section wherein a second hole  18   b  in the pelvic bone  9  enables the surgeon to place a camera  34  into the hip joint, preferably used in the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method. 
         [0175]      FIG. 22  shows the artificial hip joint surface parts  48  being inserted through an incision according to the surgical method. According to a first embodiment the artificial hip joint surface parts  48  are artificial caput femur surface parts  46 , adapted to be connected to each other after the insertion to form an artificial caput femur surface  45 . The same insertion can be performed in the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method, shown in  FIG. 13 . 
         [0176]      FIG. 23  shows the artificial caput femur surface  45  according to a first embodiment also shown in  FIG. 19-20 . The shaft or screw placed in the middle of the artificial caput femur surface  45  serves as a mechanical attachment  44  penetrating the cortex of the caput femur  5  and fixating the artificial caput femur surface  45  to the caput femur  5 . 
         [0177]      FIG. 24  shows a second embodiment of the artificial caput femur surface  45 . The second embodiment comprises at least one slit  49  enabling the construction of the artificial caput femur surface  45  to be flexible, thus enabling the largest diameter  51  to vary for insertion of said artificial caput femur surface  45  through a hole in the pelvic bone  9  smaller than the full functional size of said artificial caput femur surface  45 . According to this embodiment the artificial caput femur surface  45  further comprises artificial caput femur surface arms  50  located on the sides of said at least one slit  49 . The caput femur surface arms  50  can be made of a flexible material enabling the insertion through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  smaller than the largest diameter  51  of said artificial caput femur surface  45  when in its full functional size. 
         [0178]    According to one embodiment the artificial caput femur surface  45  could be adapted to pass beyond the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5 . This enables a mechanical fixation using the form of said artificial caput femur surface  45 . In the embodiment where the artificial caput femur surface  45  travels beyond the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5  the construction can be made flexible so that the size of the artificial caput femur surface  45  can vary to become smaller for insertion through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone smaller than the full functional size of the artificial caput femur surface  45 , and have an opening adapter to travel over the caput femur  5  that can be larger that the same opening is in the full functional size of the artificial caput femur surface  45  enabling the artificial caput femur surface  45  to at least partly cover an area beyond the maximum diameter of caput femur  5  from the direction of the acetabulum  8 . According to a second embodiment the artificial caput femur surface  45  comprises two or more artificial caput femur surface arms  50  which have a cross sectional distance  52  between each other. This cross sectional distance  52  is according to one embodiment shorter than the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5  enabling the mechanical fixation of the artificial caput femur surface  45  by means of said artificial caput femur surface arms  50 . 
         [0179]      FIG. 25   a,b,c,d,e  shows the artificial caput femur surface  45  according to a fourth embodiment, in which said artificial caput femur surface  45  comprises a first  53   a  and a second  53   b  section, as shown in  FIG. 25   b . The first and second sections are displaceable in relation to each other. According to a first embodiment said first section  53   a  can be rotated in relation to said second section  53   b  so that said second section  53   b  travels underneath said first section  53   a  to create a displaced artificial caput femur surface  54 , as shown in  FIG. 25   c , which is possible to insert into a hip joint of a human patient through a hole  18  being oval, or at least having an area smaller than the cross sectional area of the artificial caput femur surface  45  when in its full functional size  45 , as shown in  FIG. 25   a . According to this embodiment the two sections are connected to each other when the artificial caput femur surface  45  is returned to its full functional size using a mechanical form fitting  55 , as shown in  FIG. 25   e . However it is also conceivable that said connection is assisted or replaced with screws, welding, sprints, band, adhesive or some other mechanical connecting member. 
         [0180]      FIG. 26  shows a fourth embodiment of an artificial caput femur surface  45  comprising four slits. The artificial caput femur surface  45  is flexible in its construction allowing the four artificial caput femur arms  50  to be folded towards the center axis of the artificial caput femur surface  45  thus allowing the artificial caput femur surface  45  to be inserted into a hip joint through a hole smaller than the full functional size of the artificial caput femur surface  45 . The artificial caput femur surface  45  according to this embodiment can be constructed to go beyond the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5 , in which case the construction with the slits  49  allows the artificial caput femur surface  45  to change to both a smaller and a larger size than said full functional size. 
         [0181]      FIG. 26   b  shows the artificial caput femur surface  45  in section when said artificial caput femur surface arms  50  are folded for insertion through a hole  18  with an area smaller than the largest area of the artificial caput femur surface  45  when in its full functional size. 
         [0182]      FIG. 27   a  shows fifth embodiment of the artificial caput femur surface  45  having multiple artificial caput femur surface parts  46 . Said multiple artificial caput femur surface parts  46  are adapted to be connected to an interconnecting artificial caput femur surface part  56  after insertion into a hip joint. The interconnecting artificial caput femur surface part  56  comprises self locking connecting members  57 , shown in  FIG. 27   b , that fits with corresponding self locking members  58  of the artificial caput femur surface parts  46 . The artificial caput femur surface parts  46  creates an artificial caput femur surface  45  when connected to each other, shown in  FIG. 27   c . The self locking members  57 , 58  can be assisted or replaced with screws, welding, sprints, band, adhesive or some other mechanical connecting member. The artificial caput femur surface  45  according to this embodiment can further be adapted to go beyond the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5 . 
         [0183]      FIG. 28   a  shows a sixth embodiment the artificial caput femur surface  45  adapted to pass beyond the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5 . This enables a mechanical fixation using the form of said artificial caput femur surface  45 . In this embodiment the artificial caput femur surface  45  comprises at lest two slits  49  adapted to make said artificial caput femur surface  45  flexible for travelling over and beyond the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5 . The construction could further be made flexible so that the size of the artificial caput femur surface  45  can vary to become smaller for insertion through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  smaller than the full functional size of the artificial caput femur surface  45 . It is also conceivable that the artificial caput femur surface  45  comprises two or more artificial caput femur surface arms  50  which have a cross sectional distance  52  between each other. This cross sectional distance  52  is according to one embodiment shorter than the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5  enabling the mechanical fixation of the artificial caput femur surface  45  by means of said artificial caput femur surface arms  50 . For further fixation a band, cord or wire  59  can be placed around the artificial caput femur surface  45  beyond the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5 . The band, cord or wire can be mechanically connected using a self locking member  60  for forming a ring-shaped element able to assist in the fixation of the artificial caput femur surface  45  to the caput femur  5 . 
         [0184]      FIG. 28   b  shows the artificial caput femur surface  45  when fixated to the caput femur with the supporting band, cord or wire placed around the artificial caput femur surface  45  beyond the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5 . 
         [0185]      FIG. 28   c  shows the artificial caput femur surface  45  in section having a greatest cross-sectional distance  52  adapted to travel over and beyond the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5 . The maximum diameter of the caput femur  5  being positioned at a corresponding largest cross sectional distance  61  of the artificial caput femur surface A second distance  62  is the distance that the artificial caput femur surface  45  travels beyond the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5 . Said distance  62  being part of the mechanical fixation of the artificial caput femur surface  45  to the caput femur  5 . 
         [0186]      FIG. 29   a  shows a seventh embodiment of the artificial caput femur surface  45  comprising multiple ring-shaped artificial caput femur surface parts  63 . Said multiple ring-shaped artificial caput femur surface parts  63  are adapted to be connected to each other to form an artificial caput femur surface  45 . According to one embodiment said artificial caput femur surface parts  63  are adapted to be connected to each other using mechanical connecting members  64   a,b .  64   a  shows how an individual ring-shaped artificial caput femur surface part  63  can be connected to itself to form a continuous ring shape.  64   b  shows how an individual ring-shaped artificial caput femur surface part  63  connects to other ring-shaped artificial caput femur surface parts  63  to form an artificial caput femur surface  45 . The artificial caput femur surface  45  according to this embodiment can further be adapted to go beyond the maximum diameter of the caput femur  5 . 
         [0187]    After the step of providing an artificial caput femur surface the surgical and laparoscopic/arthroscopic methods could further comprises the step of providing an artificial acetabulum surface. 
         [0188]    According to a first embodiment the artificial acetabulum surface  65  is provided through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 .  FIG. 30  shows an artificial acetabulum surface  65  in its full functional size as it is being inserted through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9 . 
         [0189]      FIG. 31  shows an artificial acetabulum surface  65  according to a second embodiment in which the artificial acetabulum surface  65  comprises at least one slit  66  enabling the artificial acetabulum surface  65  to vary in size for insertion through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  smaller than the full functional size of the artificial caput femur surface  45 . The slits  66  are placed between one or more artificial caput femur surface arms  67  which are flexible by means of the material or by means of a joint affecting said artificial caput femur surface arms  67 . 
         [0190]      FIG. 32   a,b,c  shows an artificial acetabulum surface  65  according to a second embodiment in which the artificial acetabulum surface  65  comprises multiple artificial acetabulum surface parts  68 . Said multiple artificial acetabulum surface parts  68  are adapted to be connected to an interconnecting artificial acetabulum surface part  69  after insertion into a hip joint. The interconnecting artificial caput femur surface part  69  comprises self locking connecting members  70   a , shown in  FIG. 32   b , that fits with corresponding self locking members  70   b  of the artificial acetabulum surface parts  68 . The artificial acetabulum surface parts  68  create an artificial acetabulum surface  65  when connected to each other, shown in  FIG. 32   c . The self locking members  70   a,b  can be assisted or replaced with screws, welding, sprints, band, adhesive or some other mechanical connecting member. 
         [0191]      FIG. 33   a,b,c  shows an artificial acetabulum surface  65  according to a third embodiment in which the artificial acetabulum surface  65  comprises multiple ring-shaped artificial acetabulum surface parts  71 . Said multiple ring-shaped artificial acetabulum surface parts  71  are adapted to be connected to each other to form an artificial acetabulum surface  65  after insertion in a hip joint. According to one embodiment said artificial acetabulum surface parts  71  are adapted to be connected to each other using mechanical connecting members  72   a,b.    
         [0192]      FIG. 33   c  shows how an individual ring-shaped artificial acetabulum surface part  72   a  can be connected to itself using the mechanical connecting member  70   a  to form a continuous ring shape. Further  33   c  shows how an individual ring-shaped artificial acetabulum surface part  71  connects to other ring-shaped artificial acetabulum surface parts  63  using the mechanical connecting member  72   b  to form an artificial acetabulum surface  65 . 
         [0193]      FIG. 34   a,b,c,d  shows an artificial acetabulum surface  65  according to a fourth embodiment in which the artificial acetabulum surface  65  comprises a first  73   a  and a second  73   b  section, shown in  FIG. 34   b . The first and second sections are displaceable in relation to each other. According to a first embodiment said first section  73   a  can be rotated in relation to said second section  73   b  so that said second section  73   b  travels underneath said first section  73   a  to create a displaced artificial acetabulum surface  74 , as shown in  FIG. 34   c , which is possible to insert into a hip joint of a human patient through a hole being oval, or at least having an area smaller than the cross sectional area of the artificial acetabulum surface  65  when in its full functional size  65 . According to this embodiment the two sections  73   a,b  are connected to each other when the artificial acetabulum surface is returned to its full functional size using a mechanical form fitting  75 , as shown in  FIG. 34   d . However it is also conceivable that said connection is assisted or replaced with screws, welding, sprints, band, adhesive or some other mechanical connecting member. 
         [0194]      FIG. 35   a  shows an artificial acetabulum surface  65  according to a fifth embodiment in which the artificial acetabulum surface  65  comprises four slits  66 . The artificial acetabulum surface  65  is flexible in its construction allowing the four artificial acetabulum arms  67  to be folded towards the center axis of the artificial acetabulum surface  65  thus allowing the artificial acetabulum surface to be inserted into a hip joint through a hole smaller than the full functional size of the artificial acetabulum surface  65 . 
         [0195]      FIG. 35   b  shows the artificial acetabulum surface  65  according to the fifth embodiment in its folded state. 
         [0196]      FIG. 36   a  shows a surgical instrument adapted to insert a prosthesis, prosthetic parts or parts needed to create or provide a hip joint surface, according to a first embodiment. The surgical instrument comprises a gripping portion  76  and a handling portion  77 . According to the embodiments shown in  FIG. 36   a,b,c  the instrument further comprises a rotation element  78  that enables the gripping part  76  to rotate in relation to the handling part  77 , however it is equally conceivable that the surgical instrument lacks this rotation element  78 . 
         [0197]      FIG. 36   b  shows the surgical instrument adapted to insert a prosthesis, prosthetic parts or parts needed to create or provide a hip joint surface, according to a second embodiment. According to this embodiment the surgical instrument further comprises a parallel displaced section  79 , which increases the reach of the instrument and facilitates the reaching of the hip joint through a hole in the pelvic bone from the opposite side from acetabulum. 
         [0198]      FIG. 36   c  shows the surgical instrument adapted to insert a prosthesis, prosthetic parts or parts needed to create or provide a hip joint surface, according to a third embodiment. According to this embodiment the surgical instrument further comprises two angle adjusting members  80   a,b . The angle adjusting members could be adjustable for varying the angle of said gripping part  76  in relation to the handling portion  77 , or fixed in an angle suitable for creating operating in a hip joint through a hole in the pelvic bone from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . 
         [0199]      FIG. 37  shows the hip joint in section after the artificial caput femur surface  45 , and the artificial acetabulum surface  65  have been provided. 
         [0200]    A different approach to the step of providing an artificial hip joint surface will now be described. This approach comprises the steps of casting an artificial hip joint surface inside of the hip joint. These steps can be performed by means of a mould, or without. 
         [0201]      FIG. 38  shows the step of placing a mould  81  inside of the hip joint of a human patient through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9 . The step of placing said mould  81  can be performed in the surgical, or in the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method. 
         [0202]      FIG. 39   a,b,c,d  shows an alternative approach to placing said mould  81  in the hip joint of a human patient. Said alternative approach comprises the steps of creating a hole  82  in the femur bone  7  following a length axis of the collum femur  6 , said hole starting from the lateral side of the thigh, penetrating the cortex of the femur bone  7  and eventually reaching the cortex of the caput femur  5  from the inside thereof, penetrating said cortex and entering into the hip joint. After the creation of the hole  82  in the femur bone  7  the mould  81  is inserted into the hip joint through the hole  82  using a surgical instrument  83  adapted therefor, shown in  FIG. 39   b.    
         [0203]      FIG. 39   c  shows the mould  82  when being inserted into the hip joint using the surgical instrument  83  adapted therefor. 
         [0204]      FIG. 39   d  shows the mould  82  after insertion into the hip joint, the surgical instrument used to place said mould  82  in the hip joint is refracted after the insertion is completed. 
         [0205]    It is also conceivable that the hip joint surface is provided by casting the hip joint surface inside of the hip joint without the use of a mould. 
         [0206]      FIG. 40  shows the hip joint in section wherein a first sealing member  84  is inserted through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  using an instrument adapted therefor  85 . The step of placing said first sealing member  84  can be performed in the surgical, or in the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method. 
         [0207]      FIG. 41  shows the hip joint in section wherein a second sealing member  86  is inserted through the surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method. The first  84  and second  86  sealing members creates a sealed space  87  between the acetabulum  8  and the caput femur  5  adapted to be used as a mould for providing an artificial acetabulum  65  and/or a caput femur surface  45 . 
         [0208]      FIG. 42   a,b,c  shows an alternative approach to placing said first sealing member  84  in the hip joint of a human patient. Said alternative approach comprises the steps of creating a hole  82  in the femur bone  7  following a length axis of the collum femur  6 , as shown in  FIG. 44   a , said hole starting from the lateral side of the thigh, penetrating the cortex of the femur bone  7  and eventually reaching the cortex of the caput femur  5  from the inside thereof, penetrating said cortex and entering into the hip joint. After the creation of the hole  82  in the femur bone  7  the first sealing member  84  is inserted into the hip joint through the hole  82  using a surgical instrument  88  adapted therefor, as shown in  FIG. 44   c.    
         [0209]      FIG. 43   a,b,c  shows the surgical instrument adapted to insert a mould  81  and/or a first and second sealing member  84 , 86  into the hip joint of a human patient through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  or a hole  82  in the femur bone  9 . 
         [0210]      FIG. 43   b  shows a section of the surgical instrument  83 , 85 , 88  comprising a tube like element for housing of the mould  81  and/or said first and second sealing members  84 , 86 . A piston  89  used to transport said mould  81  and/or first and second sealing members  84 , 86  into the hip joint of a human patient is also shown. 
         [0211]      FIG. 43   c  shows a surgical instrument  83 , 85 , 88  adapted to insert a mould  81  and/or a first and second sealing member  84 , 86  into the hip joint of a human patient, the second embodiment further comprises a flexible or bent part  91  improving the reach of the surgical instrument. 
         [0212]    After the steps of providing a mould  81  or a sealed space  87 , fluid is injected into said mould  81  or into said sealed space  87  through the hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  or the hole  82  in the femur bone  7 . 
         [0213]      FIG. 44  shows a lateral section of the human body wherein an injecting member  92  injects a fluid into a mould  81  in the hip joint through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . 
         [0214]      FIG. 45  shows the hip joint in section wherein an injecting member  92  injects a fluid  93  into a sealed area  87  in the hip joint through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . Said sealed area  87 , being sealed by a first  84  and second  86  sealing member. The injecting member  92  comprises a piston  94  that pushes said fluid  93  into the sealed area  87 . 
         [0215]      FIG. 46  shows the hip joint in section wherein an injecting member  92  injects a fluid  93  into a mould  81  in the hip joint through a hole  82  in the femur bone  7 . The injecting member  92  comprises a piston  94  that pushes said fluid  93  into the mould  81 . 
         [0216]      FIG. 47  shows the hip joint in section wherein an injecting member  92  injects a fluid  93  into a sealed area  87  in the hip joint through a hole  82  in the pelvic bone  9  from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . Said sealed area  87 , being sealed by at least a first  84  sealing member. The injecting member  92  comprises a piston  94  that pushes said fluid  93  into the sealed area  87 . 
         [0217]      FIG. 48  shows the sealed area  87 , sealed by the first  84  and second  86  sealing member together with the caput femur  5  and the pelvic bone  9 . A fluid adapted to harden  93  has been injected into said sealed area, and after the hardening of said fluid it provides at least one hip joint surface. 
         [0218]    After the injecting member  92  has injected a fluid  93  into a mould  81  or a sealed are  87  it is being retracted from the area. 
         [0219]    The mould  81  and the first and second sealing members  84 , 86  according to any of the embodiments can further be adapted to be resorbable by the human body or to melt after they have served their purpose. 
         [0220]    After at least one hip joint surface has been provided through a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9 , in accordance with any of the embodiment above, said hole  18  needs to be closed. 
         [0221]      FIG. 49  shows the hip joint of a human patient in section wherein a bone plug  31  is placed in the hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  to close said hole  18 . According to a first embodiment the artificial acetabulum surface  65  comprises supporting members  94  which carries the load placed on the acetabulum  8  from weight of the human patient through the contact with the caput femur  5 . Said supporting members can be adapted to be displaceable  97  supporting members. The bone plug  31  can be attached to the artificial acetabulum surface  11  and/or the pelvic bone  9  by means of bone cement, adhesive, screws, form fitting, welding, sprints, band or some other mechanical connecting member. 
         [0222]      FIG. 50  shows the hip joint of a human patient in section wherein the bone plug  31  placed in the hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  is further supported by supporting means  96  placed between the bone plug  31  and the pelvic bone  9  on the opposite side from acetabulum  8  using at lest one of: bone cement, adhesive, screws, form fitting, welding, sprints, band or some other mechanical connecting member. 
         [0223]      FIG. 51  shows a bone plug  31  or a prosthetic part  98  comprising several displaceable supporting members adapted to carry the load placed on the acetabulum  8  from weight of the human patient through the contact with the caput femur  5 . The displaceable parts  97  are displaced into a corresponding part in or at the edge of the hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9 . 
         [0224]    According to a second embodiment the closing of the hole  18  in the pelvic bone is done by means of a prosthetic part  98 .  FIG. 52   a  shows the prosthetic part  98  being inserted into a hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . According to one embodiment the prosthetic part  98  comprises supporting members  99  adapted to correspond with sections  100  of the hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9 . After the prosthetic part  98  has been inserted into said hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  it is rotated so that the supporting members  99  comes in contact with the pelvic bone  9  and can carry the load placed on the acetabulum  8  from weight of the human patient through the contact with the caput femur  5 . Said prosthetic part  98  could also be adapted to serve as artificial acetabulum surface  65  according to any of the above mentioned embodiments. 
         [0225]      FIG. 52   b  shows the prosthetic part  98  when rotated to carry the load placed on the acetabulum  8  from weight of the human patient through the contact with the caput femur  5 . 
         [0226]      FIG. 52   c  shows the hip joint of a human patient in section wherein the prosthetic part  98  closes the hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9  and carries the load placed on the acetabulum  8  from weight of the human patient through the contact with the caput femur  5  by means of the supporting members  99 . The prosthetic part  98  can further be fixated to the pelvic bone  9  by means of bone cement, adhesive, screws, form fitting, welding, sprints, band or some other mechanical connecting member. 
         [0227]      FIG. 53   a  shows the hip joint of a human patient in section wherein bone plug  31  or prosthetic part  98  is attached to the pelvic bone  9  by means of screws  101  placed from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . The screws  101  are possible to place in different angles depending on reach or need for support. 
         [0228]      FIG. 53   b  shows the hip joint of a human patient in section wherein bone plug  31  or prosthetic part  98  is attached to the pelvic bone  9  by means of a plate  102  at least partly covering said bone plug  31  or prosthetic part  98 . According to a first embodiment the plate  102  is attached to the pelvic bone  9  by means of screws  103  placed from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . However it is also conceivable that said screws  103  can be replaced or assisted by bone cement, adhesive, form fitting, welding, sprints, band or some other mechanical connecting member. 
         [0229]      FIG. 53   c  shows the hip joint of a human patient in section wherein two bone plugs  31  or prosthetic parts  98  are attached to the pelvic bone  9  by means of a plate  102  at least partly covering said bone plugs  31  or prosthetic parts  98 . According to a first embodiment the plate  102  is attached to the pelvic bone  9  by means of screws  103  placed from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . However it is also conceivable that said screws  103  can be replaced or assisted by bone cement, adhesive, form fitting, welding, sprints, band or some other mechanical connecting member.  FIG. 53   c  also shows the provided artificial acetabulum surface  65 . 
         [0230]      FIG. 53   d  shows the hip joint of a human patient in section wherein two holes  18  in the pelvic bone has been covered by means of a fluid injected into said holes  18 , through sealing members  104 , said fluid  93  being adapted to harden. Further more a plate  102  has been provided at least partly covering said holes  18 . According to a first embodiment the plate  102  is attached to the pelvic bone  9  by means of screws  103  placed from the opposite side from acetabulum  8 . However it is also conceivable that said screws  103  can be replaced or assisted by bone cement, adhesive, form fitting, welding, sprints, band or some other mechanical connecting member.  FIG. 53   d  also shows the provided artificial acetabulum surface  65 , and the provided artificial caput femur surface  45 . 
         [0231]      FIG. 54   a  shows an injecting member  105  for injecting a fluid adapted to harden  93 , preferably bone cement or adhesive to be used as support in the closing of the hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9 . The injecting member  105  comprises a piston  94  that pushes said fluid  93  the area where it is wanted. 
         [0232]      FIG. 54   b  shows the injecting member  105  as it is inserted through the skin  106  of a human patient in the surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method, and is further placed in connection with the hip joint through the hole  18  in the pelvic bone  9 . The injecting member  105  is adapted to inject a fluid  93  adapted to harden. 
         [0233]      FIG. 55  shows the injecting member  105  according to any of the embodiments above, adapted to inject fluid  93  into a mould  81 , a sealed area  87  or a connecting area between the pelvic bone  9  and a prosthetic part, the pelvic bone  9  and a bone plug  31  or the caput femur  5  and a prosthetic part. Said injecting member comprises a container  107  adapted to hold a fluid for injection. According to a first embodiment said container comprises two compartments  108   a,b  adapted to hold two different fluids, said fluids being adapted to harden when mixed. In the embodiment when the container  107  is adapted to hold two fluids, it is conceivable that the injecting member  105  further comprises a mixing member  109  wherein said two fluids are being mixed before injection. According to a second embodiment (not shown) said container  107  is adapted to keep said fluid sterile. According to a third embodiment (not shown) said container  107  is adapted to keep said fluid cold and according to a fourth embodiment (not shown) said container  107  is adapted to keep said fluid in a dark environment. Furthermore a combination of the above mentioned embodiments is conceivable. 
         [0234]    After the step of closing the hole in the pelvic bone of the human patient is concluded all instruments are refracted and the final step of the surgical or laparoscopic/arthroscopic method is performed. The final step comprises suturing or stapling the affected tissue and finally suturing or stapling the skin of the human patient. 
         [0235]      FIG. 56   a  shows the step of suturing  110  or stapling  111  the skin  106  of the human patient in the surgical method, whereas  FIG. 56   b  shows the step of suturing  110  or stapling  111  the skin  106  of the human patient in the laparoscopic/arthroscopic method. 
         [0236]    Please note that any embodiment or part of embodiment as well as any method or part of method could be combined in any way. All examples herein should be seen as part of the general description and therefore possible to combine in any way in general terms.