Abstract:
What is disclosed is a pixel array architecture for displays being based on a matrix of subpixels arranged in a rectilinear matrix oriented at an angle relative to a horizontal direction of the display, exhibiting a reduced pixel pitch for the subpixels.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application claims priority to Canadian Application No. 2,872,563, filed Nov. 28, 2014 which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present disclosure relates to pixel array architectures in visual display technology, and particularly to pixel array architectures for high density active matrix light emitting diode device (AMOLED) and other high density displays. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     According to a first aspect there is provided a pixel array architecture of a display, the pixel array architecture comprising a matrix of subpixels grouped into pixels, the matrix of subpixels arranged in a rectilinear matrix oriented at an angle relative to a horizontal direction of the display, exhibiting a reduced pixel pitch for the subpixels. 
     In some embodiments, the reduced pixel pitch is less than or equal to a factor of (½) 1/2  times a pixel pitch of a substantially similar rectilinear matrix oriented at 0 degrees relative to the horizontal direction of the display, and wherein the angle is 45 degrees. 
     In some embodiments, the rectilinear matrix is substantially a square matrix. 
     In some embodiments, the subpixels are arranged into pixels, and the pixels arranged into rows and columns, each pixel having three subpixels and formed into a “v” shape oriented in one of a first direction and a second direction opposite from the first direction. 
     In some embodiments, the pixels are arranged one atop each other in columns such that alternating columns comprise pixels having “v” shapes oriented in opposite directions. 
     In some embodiments, each subpixel is shaped in the form of a square oriented at one of 0 degrees and 45 degrees from the horizontal direction of the display, and wherein each pixel comprises a green subpixel, a blue subpixel, and a red subpixel. 
     In some embodiments, the subpixels are arranged into pixels, and the pixels arranged into rows and columns, each pixel having three subpixels and formed into a slanted “I” shape. 
     In some embodiments, the pixels are formed into an “I” shape slanted at 45 degrees relative to the horizontal direction. 
     In some embodiments, the pixels are arranged in columns in a repeating pattern, in groups of two, one atop each other and overlapping only by two subpixels, with a vertical gap of a single subpixel in height between groups, the gap including a subpixel of a pixel of each neighboring column. 
     In some embodiments, each subpixel is shaped in the form of a square oriented at one of 0 degrees and 45 degrees from the horizontal direction of the display, and wherein each pixel comprises a green subpixel, a blue subpixel, and a red subpixel. 
     In some embodiments, the pixels are formed into “I” shapes slanted in one of a positive 45 degree slope and a negative 45 degree slope. 
     In some embodiments, the pixels are arranged in columns in a repeating pattern, one atop each other, alternating in slant form negative 45 degrees to positive 45 degrees, overlapping only by two subpixels, forming a snaking vertical pattern identical in geometry to a pattern of adjacent columns. 
     In some embodiments, the pixels are arranged in columns in a repeating pattern, one atop each other, alternating in slant form negative 45 degrees to positive 45 degrees, overlapping only by two subpixels, forming a snaking vertical pattern, wherein for one of the odd or even columns, each upper pixel sits atop a pixel below it on a longest side of the pixel below, wherein for the other of the odd or even columns an upper pixel sits atop a pixel below it on a shortest side of the pixel below. 
     In some embodiments, the subpixels are arranged into pixels, and the pixels arranged into rows and columns, each pixel having four subpixels and formed into a diamond shape, a first and a second of the four subpixels unshared with neighboring pixels, a third and a fourth subpixel of the four subpixels shared with neighboring pixels. 
     In some embodiments, the pixels are arranged in columns in a repeating pattern, one atop each other, overlapping only by two subpixels, forming a snaking vertical pattern identical in geometry to a pattern of adjacent columns, the leftmost and rightmost pixel of each pixel being shared with its respective left and right neighbor pixel. 
     In some embodiments, the first and second unshared subpixels are a green and a white subpixel and wherein the third and fourth shared subpixels are a red and a blue subpixel. 
     According to another aspect there is provided a pixel array architecture of a display, the pixel array architecture comprising a matrix of subpixels grouped into pixels arranged in rows and columns, the matrix of subpixels arranged based on a rectilinear matrix oriented at 45 degrees relative to a horizontal direction of the display, subsequently skewed to vertically align subpixels in every third subpixel row, exhibiting a reduced pixel pitch for the subpixels. 
     The foregoing and additional aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the detailed description of various embodiments and/or aspects, which is made with reference to the drawings, a brief description of which is provided next. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The foregoing and other advantages of the disclosure will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a known pixel array arrangement; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a first high density pixel array architecture; 
         FIG. 3  is close-up view of the high density pixel array architecture of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a variation of the first high density pixel array architecture of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a second high density pixel array architecture; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a third high density pixel array architecture; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a fourth high density pixel array architecture; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a fifth high density pixel array architecture; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a variation of the second high density pixel array architecture; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a variation of the third high density pixel array architecture; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a variation of the fourth high density pixel array architecture; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a variation of the fifth high density pixel array architecture; and 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a sixth high density pixel array architecture. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Pixel array arrangements and architectures are important for today&#39;s high density visual display technologies. One performance metric of such displays is the “pixel pitch” which is the nearest neighbor horizontal or vertical distance between subpixel elements, typically, although not limited to red, green, and blue subpixel elements which make up pixels common of modern displays. 
     While the embodiments described herein will be in the context of high density AMOLED displays it should be understood that the pixel array architectures described herein are applicable to any other display comprising pixels each having a plurality of subpixels, including but not limited to liquid crystal displays (LCD), light emitting diode displays (LED), electroluminescent displays (ELD), organic light emitting diode displays (OLED), plasma display panels (PSP), among other displays. 
     It should be understood that the embodiments described herein pertain to subpixel and pixel array architectures and do not limit the display technology underlying their operation and the operation of the displays in which they are implemented. Implementation of various types of visual display technologies for designing, manufacturing, and driving the displays comprising the subpixels and pixels in the architectures described herein are well beyond the scope of this document but are nonetheless known to persons having skill in the art. Patents which describe innovative technologies in relation to high resolution AMOLED displays include U.S. Pat. No. 8,552,636, U.S. Pat. No. 8,803,417, and U.S. Pat. No. 9,059,117, each entitled “High Resolution Pixel Architecture” and granted to Chaji et al. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a known pixel array architecture  100  of a known display and its pixel pitch will now be discussed. 
     The known pixel array structure  100  is divided into an array of pixels  110 ,  120  (illustrated with dotted lines) arranged in individual rows  150   a , . . . ,  150   g , collectively referred to as rows  150  of the display, as well as individual columns  140   a , . . . ,  140   c , collectively referred to as columns  140  of the display. Each pixel  110  is comprised of a plurality of subpixels  110   a ,  110   b ,  110   c , each of a different type which is responsible for providing a component, channel, or color of the pixel. In the pixel array structure  100  of  FIG. 1 , each pixel is composed of red, green, and blue subpixels, represented in shades of grey in no particular order. 
     A horizontal pixel pitch a is shown between a first subpixel  110   a  of the top left pixel  110  and its horizontally nearest neighbor subpixel  110   b . A vertical pitch b is shown between the first subpixel  110   a  of the top left pixel  110  and its vertically nearest neighbor subpixel  120   a  of the pixel  120  below the top left pixel  110 . A minimum pixel pitch is defined as the lesser of a and b. 
     Known pixel array structures  100  have subpixels  110   a  of various shapes and sizes. As shown in the figure the pixel pitch is calculated from the outermost portion of the subpixels  110   a  defining the vertical or horizontal spacing between them. In a case such as depicted where the pixels, and subpixels are each rectangular and arranged in a rectilinear array, the horizontal and vertical pixel pitch may be simply expressed. 
     To characterize the array structure for a generic case, pixel size and shape will first be ignored to determine a maximum possible pixel pitch given the array structure. Given a rectilinear subpixel matrix having a vertical spacing B between centers of nearest neighbor subpixels, and a horizontal spacing A between centers of nearest neighbor subpixels, the maximum pitches possible, in the limit of vanishing subpixel size, is the minimum of A and B. In a square subpixel matrix, where A and B are equal to a single subpixel matrix element spacing D, the maximum possible pixel pitch is D. 
     In the specific case illustrated in  FIG. 1 , of an array of pixels having square pixels of width w, where w is smaller than D and may be expressed as VD, the horizontal pitch a equals vertical pitch b and is equal to the spacing D minus the width w; or D−w. Expressing w in terms of D the pixel pitch (PP) for the pixel array structure  100  is: PP=D*(1−k). 
     Referring to  FIG. 2 , a pixel array architecture  200  of a first embodiment will now be discussed. 
     The pixel array architecture  200  is divided into an array of pixels  210  arranged in individual rows  250   a , . . . ,  250   e , collectively referred to as rows  250  of the display, as well as individual columns  240   a , . . . ,  240   e , collectively referred to as columns  240  of the display. Each pixel  210  is comprised of a plurality of subpixels  210   a ,  210   b ,  210   c , each of a different type which is responsible for providing a component, channel, or color of the pixel. In the pixel array architecture  200  of  FIG. 2 , each pixel is composed of red, green, and blue subpixels, represented in shades of grey in no particular order. It is to be understood that embodiments comprising pixels having subpixels other than red, green, and blue, or a number of subpixels other than three, are contemplated. 
     In the pixel array architecture  200  each pixel  210  has subpixels  210   a ,  210   b ,  210   c , in a similar configuration to that of all the other pixels. This leads to a subpixels of the same color or type of subpixel  210   a ,  220   a  being arranged in subpixel columns within the pixel columns  240   a . Other embodiments possess pixels  210  each having subpixels  210   a ,  210   b ,  210   c  in different configurations which may or may not result in the formation of columns of subpixels of the same type. 
     The pixel array architecture of  FIG. 2  is based on a diamond shaped subpixel matrix, which is a rectilinear matrix rotated by 45 degrees. Each pixel is defined from three subpixels  210   a ,  210   b ,  210   c , in a “v” or upside-down “v” configuration. Each column  240   a , . . .  240   e  comprises either pixels in the “v” configuration arranged one atop the other or pixels in the upside-down “v” configuration arranged one atop the other. Adjacent columns  240  alternate between those  240   b ,  240   e  having pixels with a “v” configuration and those  240   a ,  240   c ,  240   e  having pixels with an upside-down “v” configuration. 
     Referring now also to  FIG. 3  a pixel pitch of the pixel array architecture of  FIG. 3  will now be discussed. 
     A horizontal pixel pitch h is shown between a first subpixel  310   a  of the top left pixel  310  and its horizontally nearest neighbor subpixel  310   b . A vertical pitch v is shown between the first subpixel  310   a  of the top left pixel  310  and its vertically nearest neighbor subpixel  320   b  of the pixel  320  below the top left pixel  310 . A minimum pixel pitch is defined as the lesser of h and v. 
     Pixel array architecture  300  may have subpixels  310   a  of various shapes and sizes. As shown in the figure the pixel pitch is calculated from the outermost portion of the subpixels  310   a  defining the vertical or horizontal spacing between them. In a case such as depicted where the pixels, and subpixels are each based on a 45 degree rotation of rectangular pixels and subpixels arranged in a rectilinear array, the horizontal and vertical pixel pitch may be simply expressed. 
     To characterize the array structure for a generic case, pixel size and shape will first be ignored to determine a maximum possible pixel pitch given the array architecture. Given a 45 degree rotated rectilinear subpixel matrix having a first spacing S between centers of nearest neighbor subpixels, and a second spacing T (at right angles to the first spacing) between centers of nearest neighbor subpixels, the maximum pitches possible, in the limit of vanishing subpixel size, is the minimum of S*(½) 1/2  and T*(½) 1/2 . In a rotated square subpixel matrix, where S and T are equal to a single subpixel matrix element spacing D, the maximum possible pixel pitch is D*(½) 1/2 . In the limit of small to vanishing subpixel sizes, the largest possible pixel pitch is ˜0.7 times that of the unrotated known pixel array structure of  FIG. 1 , representing a higher density according to the accepted definition of the pixel pitch performance metric. 
     In the specific case illustrated of an array of pixels having square pixels (rotated 45 degrees) of width w, where w is smaller than D and may be expressed as k*D, the horizontal pitch h is equal to the horizontal spacing H minus w*2 1/2 , or H−w*2 1/2 , and the vertical pitch v is equal to the vertical spacing V minus w*2 1/2 , or V−w*2 1/2 . In an embodiment where S and T are equal to a single subpixel matrix element spacing D, H equals V and has a value of D*(½) 1/2 . In such a case the vertical and horizontal pitches v and h are equal to a single pixel pitch. Expressing w in terms of D, the pixel pitch (PP) for the pixel array architecture  200  is: PP D*(½) 1/2 *(1−2k). It should be noted that when k is 0.5 the pixel pitch goes to zero. 
     The ratio of the pixel pitch of the pixel array architecture  200  of  FIG. 2  to that of the pixel array structure  100  of  FIG. 1  is D*(½) 1/2 *(1−2k)/D*(1−k) which equals (½) 1/2 *(1−2k)/(1−k). This value is at most (½) 1/2  (which roughly equals 0.7) when k vanishes, and is zero when k is 0.5. As such, the pixel pitch of the pixel array architecture  200  is at most 0.7 of that of the pixel array structure  100 , and may take on values less than that depending upon the ratio of w to D. 
     It should be clear that the achieving of lower vertical and horizontal pixel pitch through use of a 45 degree rotated rectilinear subpixel matrix, when compared to an unrotated rectilinear matrix, does not generally depend upon the pixel size, shape, or the particular unrotated horizontal and vertical spacing of the subpixel matrix. As such, each of the following embodiments, utilizing such a rotated subpixel matrix, will exhibit improved pixel pitch performance metrics in a substantially similar manner to that illustrated above, regardless of the subpixel shape and the particular way the subpixels are grouped into pixels, columns, and rows. It also should be understood that some angle other than 45 degrees can reduce pixel pitch in accordance with the above discussion. 
     Referring to  FIG. 4 , a pixel array architecture  400  of a variation on the first embodiment will now be discussed. 
     The pixel array architecture  400  is divided into an array of pixels  410  arranged in individual rows  450   a , . . . ,  450   e , collectively referred to as rows  450  of the display, as well as individual columns  440   a , . . . ,  440   e , collectively referred to as columns  440  of the display. Each pixel  410  is comprised of a plurality of subpixels  410   a ,  410   b ,  410   c , each of a different type which is responsible for providing a component, channel, or color of the pixel. In the pixel array architecture  400  of  FIG. 4 , each pixel is composed of red, green, and blue subpixels, represented in shades of grey in no particular order. It is to be understood that embodiments comprising pixels having subpixels other than red, green, and blue, or a number of subpixels other than three, are contemplated. 
     In the pixel array architecture  400  each pixel  410  has subpixels  410   a ,  410   b ,  410   c , in a similar configuration to that of all the other pixels. This leads to a subpixels of the same color or type of subpixel being arranged in subpixel columns within the pixel columns  440   a . Other embodiments possess pixels  410  each having subpixels  410   a ,  410   b ,  410   c  in different configurations which may or may not result in the formation of columns of subpixels of the same type. 
     The pixel array architecture  400  of  FIG. 4  differs from that of the first embodiment of  FIG. 2 , by use of square subpixels whose sides are parallel to the vertical and horizontal directions of the display rather than rotated at 45 degrees as is the case for the subpixels of  FIG. 2 . 
     Similar to the pixel array architecture of  FIG. 2  that of  FIG. 4  is based on a diamond shaped subpixel matrix, which is a rectilinear matrix rotated by 45 degrees. Each pixel is defined from three subpixels  410   a ,  410   b ,  410   c , in a “v” or upside-down “v” configuration. Each column  440   a , . . .  440   e  comprises either pixels in the “v” configuration arranged one atop the other or pixels in the upside-down “v” configuration arranged one atop the other. Adjacent columns  440  alternate between those  440   b ,  440   e  having pixels with a “v” configuration and those  440   a ,  440   c ,  440   e  having pixels with an upside-down “v” configuration. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5 , a pixel array architecture  500  of a second embodiment will now be discussed. 
     The pixel array architecture  500  is divided into an array of pixels  510  arranged in individual rows  550   a , . . . ,  550   e , collectively referred to as rows  550  of the display, as well as individual overlapping columns  540   a , . . . ,  540   f , collectively referred to as columns  540  of the display. Each pixel  510  is comprised of a plurality of subpixels  510   a ,  510   b ,  510   c , each of a different type which is responsible for providing a component, channel, or color of the pixel. In the pixel array architecture  500  of  FIG. 5 , each pixel is composed of red, green, and blue subpixels, represented in shades of grey in no particular order. It is to be understood that embodiments comprising pixels having subpixels other than red, green, and blue, or a number of subpixels other than three, are contemplated. 
     In the pixel array architecture  500  each pixel  510  has subpixels  510   a ,  510   b ,  510   c , in various different orders within a similar configuration. It so happens that subpixels of the same color or type of subpixel are arranged in subpixel columns within the pixel columns  540   a  even though pixels have various subpixel distributions within them. 
     Similar to the pixel array architecture of  FIG. 2  that of  FIG. 5  is based on a diamond shaped subpixel matrix, which is a rectilinear matrix rotated by 45 degrees. 
     The pixel array architecture  500  of  FIG. 5  differs from that of  FIG. 2  in how subpixels are arranged into pixels  510 . Each pixel is defined from three subpixels  510   a ,  510   b ,  510   c , in a slanted “I” configuration, each pixel slanting at 45 degrees. Each column  540   a , . . .  540   f  comprises pixels in the “I” configuration arranged in groups of two one atop each other and overlapping only by two subpixels, with a vertical gap of a single subpixel in height between groups, the gap having a subpixel of a pixel of each neighboring column. For example, column  540   c  (illustrated with dashed lines) includes groups of two pixels, overlapping horizontally (from a vertical perspective) by two subpixels, each group separated by a slanting gap, which in the overlap region includes a subpixel of a pixel of the adjacent column  540   b , and a subpixel of a pixel of the adjacent column  540   d.    
     Referring to  FIG. 6 , a pixel array architecture  600  of a third embodiment will now be discussed. 
     The pixel array architecture  600  is divided into an array of pixels  610  arranged in individual rows  650   a , . . . ,  650   e , collectively referred to as rows  650  of the display, as well as individual overlapping columns  640   a , . . . ,  640   f , collectively referred to as columns  640  of the display. Each pixel  610  is comprised of a plurality of subpixels  610   a ,  610   b ,  610   c , each of a different type which is responsible for providing a component, channel, or color of the pixel. In the pixel array architecture  600  of  FIG. 6 , each pixel is composed of red, green, and blue subpixels, represented in shades of grey in no particular order. It is to be understood that embodiments comprising pixels having subpixels other than red, green, and blue, or a number of subpixels other than three, are contemplated. 
     In the pixel array architecture  600  each pixel  610  has subpixels  610   a ,  610   b ,  610   c , in various different orders within a similar configuration. It so happens that subpixels of the same color or type of subpixel are arranged in subpixel columns within the pixel columns  640   a  even though pixels have various subpixel distributions within them. 
     Similar to the pixel array architecture of  FIG. 2  that of  FIG. 6  is based on a diamond shaped subpixel matrix, which is a rectilinear matrix rotated by 45 degrees. 
     The pixel array architecture  600  of  FIG. 6  differs from that of  FIG. 2  in how subpixels are arranged into pixels  610 . Similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 5  each pixel is defined from three subpixels  610   a ,  610   b ,  610   c , in a slanted “I” configuration, each pixel slanting at positive or negative 45 degrees. Different from the embodiment of  FIG. 5  is the inclusion of pixels which slant in different directions, i.e. of opposite slope. Each column  640   a , . . .  640   f  comprises pixels in the “I” configuration arranged one atop each other, alternating in slant form one direction (negative slope) to the other direction (positive slope), and overlapping only by two subpixels, with no vertical gap, but forming a snaking vertical pattern. Moreover, the pixel outline structure of each column is identical to that of its adjacent columns. 
     Referring to  FIG. 7 , a pixel array architecture  700  of a fourth embodiment will now be discussed. 
     The pixel array architecture  700  is divided into an array of pixels  710  arranged in individual overlapping rows  750   a , . . . ,  750   e , collectively referred to as rows  750  of the display, as well as individual overlapping columns  740   a , . . . ,  740   f , collectively referred to as columns  740  of the display. Each pixel  710  is comprised of a plurality of subpixels  710   a ,  710   b ,  710   c , each of a different type which is responsible for providing a component, channel, or color of the pixel. In the pixel array architecture  700  of  FIG. 7 , each pixel is composed of red, green, and blue subpixels, represented in shades of grey in no particular order. It is to be understood that embodiments comprising pixels having subpixels other than red, green, and blue, or a number of subpixels other than three, are contemplated. 
     In the pixel array architecture  700  each pixel  710  has subpixels  710   a ,  710   b ,  710   c , in various different orders within a similar configuration. It so happens that subpixels of the same color or type of subpixel are arranged in subpixel columns within the pixel columns  740   a  even though pixels have various subpixel distributions within them. 
     Similar to the pixel array architecture of  FIG. 2  that of  FIG. 7  is based on a diamond shaped subpixel matrix, which is a rectilinear matrix rotated by 45 degrees. 
     The pixel array architecture  700  of  FIG. 7  differs from that of  FIG. 2  in how subpixels are arranged into pixels  710 . Similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 7  each pixel is defined from three subpixels  710   a ,  710   b ,  710   c , in slanted “I” configurations slanting in different directions, each pixel slanting at positive or negative 45 degrees. Each column  740   a , . . .  740   f  comprises pixels in the “I” configuration arranged one atop each other, alternating in slant form one direction (negative 45 degree slope) to the other direction (positive 45 degree slope), and overlapping only by two subpixels, with no vertical gap, but forming a snaking vertical pattern. In this embodiment, as opposed to that of  FIG. 6 , the pixel outline structure of each column is not identical to that of its adjacent columns. In the snaking pattern of one column, an upper pixel sits atop the pixel below it on the longest side of the pixel below, while in an adjacent column, the upper pixel sits atop the pixel below it on the shortest side of the pixel below. This results in a slightly different pattern having overlapping rows  750   a , . . . ,  750   e.    
     Referring to  FIG. 8 , a pixel array architecture  800  of a fifth embodiment will now be discussed. 
     The pixel array architecture  800  is divided into an array of pixels  810  arranged in individual rows  850   a , . . . ,  850   c , collectively referred to as rows  850  of the display, as well as individual overlapping columns  840   a , . . . ,  840   g , collectively referred to as columns  840  of the display. Each pixel  810  is comprised of a plurality of subpixels  810   a ,  810   b ,  810   c , each of a different type which is responsible for providing a component, channel, or color of the pixel. In the pixel array architecture  800  of  FIG. 8 , each pixel is composed of red, green, and blue subpixels, represented in shades of grey in no particular order. It is to be understood that embodiments comprising pixels having subpixels other than red, green, and blue, or a number of subpixels other than three, are contemplated. 
     In the pixel array architecture  800  each pixel  810  has subpixels  810   a ,  810   b ,  810   c , in various different orders within a similar configuration. It so happens that subpixels of the same color or type of subpixel are arranged in subpixel columns within the pixel columns  840   a  even though pixels have various subpixel distributions within them. 
     Similar to the pixel array architecture of  FIG. 2  that of  FIG. 5  is based on a diamond shaped subpixel matrix, which is a rectilinear matrix rotated by 45 degrees, but with a further skew or parallelogram transformation to bring the defined pixels into columns in the vertical direction. 
     The pixel array architecture  800  of  FIG. 8  is similar to that of  FIG. 5  in that each pixel is defined from three subpixels  810   a ,  810   b ,  810   c , in a slanted “I” configuration. It differs from that of  FIG. 5  in that the pixels, by virtue of the skewed array, can be arranged atop one another in slightly overlapping vertical columns  840   a , . . . ,  840   g . In particular every subpixel is vertically aligned with subpixels in every third subpixel row, i.e. each subpixel of a pixel is aligned with the same positioned subpixel in the pixel below it. 
       FIG. 9 ,  FIG. 10 ,  FIG. 11 , and  FIG. 12 , illustrate variations of embodiments respectively depicted in  FIG. 5 ,  FIG. 6 ,  FIG. 7 , and  FIG. 8 . Each of the pixel array architectures  900 ,  1000 ,  1100 , and  1200  is substantially equivalent respectively to pixel array architecture  500 ,  600 ,  700 , and  800  differing only by use of square subpixels whose sides are parallel to the vertical and horizontal directions of the display rather than rotated at 45 degrees as is the case for the subpixels of each of architectures  500 ,  600 ,  700 , and  800  of respectively  FIG. 5 ,  FIG. 6 ,  FIG. 7 , and  FIG. 8 . 
     Referring to  FIG. 13 , a pixel array architecture  1300  of a sixth embodiment will now be discussed. 
     The pixel array architecture  1300  is divided into an array of pixels  1310 ,  1320  arranged in individual overlapping rows  1350   a , . . . ,  1350   f , collectively referred to as rows  1350  of the display, as well as individual overlapping columns  1340   a , . . . ,  1340   f , collectively referred to as columns  1340  of the display. Each pixel  1310  is comprised of a plurality of subpixels  1310   a ,  1310   b , which it does not share with other pixels and a plurality of subpixels  1305 ,  1315  which it does share with other pixels. Within each pixel each subpixel is of a different type which is responsible for providing a component, channel, or color of the pixel. 
     In the pixel array architecture  1300  of  FIG. 13 , each pixel is composed of a green  1320   a  and a white  1310   b  unshared subpixel, as well as a shared red  1305  and a shared blue  1315  subpixel, each represented in a corresponding shade of grey. Because red and blue offer more color information on a typical display, they have been chosen as the shared pixels to minimize loss of information. It is to be understood that embodiments comprising pixels having subpixels other than red, green, blue, and white, or a number of subpixels other than four, are contemplated. It is also to be understood that subpixels of colors other than red or blue may be shared between pixels, that green and white subpixels may be shared, and that subpixels other than white and green may be unshared, including red and blue subpixels. 
     In the pixel array architecture  1300  each pixel  1310  has a green subpixel  1310   a  as its uppermost subpixel, a white subpixel  1310   b  as it lowermost subpixel and one of a red or a blue subpixel as its leftmost subpixel and the other of a red or blue subpixel as its rightmost subpixel. For example, in each row  1350   a , . . . ,  1350   f , pixels of alternating columns have alternating left-right configurations of red and blue subpixels. 
     The green and white subpixels of the pixel array architecture  1300  each form subpixel rows within each row  1350   a , . . . ,  1350   f , while the red and blue subpixels forms a subpixel row of alternating red and blue subpixels within each row  1350   a , . . . ,  1350   f.    
     The pixel array architecture of  FIG. 13  is based on a diamond shaped subpixel matrix, which is a rectilinear matrix rotated by 45 degrees. Each pixel is defined from four subpixels  1310   a ,  1310   b ,  1305 ,  1315 , in a diamond configuration. Each column  1340   a , . . .  1340   f  comprises pixels in the diamond configuration arranged one atop of the other in a snaking pattern, overlapping horizontally by two subpixels, from a vertical perspective. Adjacent columns  1340  snake in the same direction at each row. 
     Although pixels in the various embodiment have been depicted with particular orientations, it should be understood that equivalent orientations of each embodiment obtained by a reflection in the horizontal or vertical axis or a rotation of a multiple of 90 degrees is contemplated. For clarity an embodiment having an arrangement of “v” and an upside down “v” shaped pixels is equivalent to an embodiment with right opening “v” and left opening “v” shaped pixels. 
     While the present disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments or implementations have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. It should be understood, however, that the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of an invention as defined by the appended claims. 
     While particular implementations and applications of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise construction and compositions disclosed herein and that various modifications, changes, and variations can be apparent from the foregoing descriptions without departing from the spirit and scope of an invention as defined in the appended claims.