Abstract:
An insect trap and multi-compartment lure. The multi-compartment lure including several insect attracting compounds separated into different compartments. The insect attracting compounds optionally configured to attract Spotted Wing  Drosophila  ( Drosophila suzukii ). The multi-compartment lure including seals configured to prevent some of the insect attracting compounds from mixing prior to use.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a 371 of PCT/US16/15999 filed Feb. 1, 2016, PCT/US16/15999 claims benefit of and priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/110,599 filed Feb. 1, 2015 and U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/117,116 filed Feb. 17, 2015. The disclosures of the above applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
     Field of the Invention 
       [0002]    The invention is in the fields of insect lures and insect traps. 
       Related Art 
       [0003]    Trapping insects has many useful functions including insect elimination and population monitoring. Traps often include in insect lure configured to attract insects to the trap. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    The invention includes a lure, e.g., a device including an attractant, configured to attract insects. The lure is optionally incorporated within an insect trap and includes multiple attractant compounds. 
         [0005]    In various embodiments of the invention, the lure includes a container having two, three, four or more separated compartments. Each of these compartments is configured to hold one or more attractant compounds. 
         [0006]    In those embodiments including two or more compartments, acidic compounds are disposed in a first compartment and alcohol compounds are disposed in a second compartment. The compounds disposed in the first compartment are different than those disposed in the second compartment. The first and second compartments are optionally sealed from each other such that the acidic and alcohol compounds do not mix other than in inconsequential trace amounts. Further, the first and second compartments optionally include different diffusion membranes configured such that rates of diffusion from each of the compartments are individually and separately controllable. 
         [0007]    In those embodiments including three or more compartments, different compounds are disposed in at least a first, a second and a third compartment. The first, second and third compartments are optionally sealed from each other such that the compounds within each compartment do not mix significantly with each other. The first, second and third compartments optionally include two or three different diffusion membranes configured such that rates of diffusion from the compartments are individually and separately controllable. 
         [0008]    In some embodiments, the compounds disposed in the various compartments discussed herein are configured to attract Spotted wing  drosophila  ( Drosophila suzukii ). 
         [0009]    Various embodiments of the invention include an insect lure device comprising: a shell including a first compartment and a second compartment, the first and second compartment being configured to hold attractant compounds; two or more attractant compounds, the attractant compounds including one or more acidic attractant compounds and one or more alcohol attractant compounds including an alcohol, the acidic attractant compounds being disposed in the first compartment and the alcohol attractant compounds being disposed in the second compartment; a first diffusion membrane configured to control release of the acidic attractant compounds and the alcohol attractant compounds from the lure; and a removable sealing layer configured to seal the first compartment and the second compartment. 
         [0010]    2. Various embodiments of the invention include an insect trap device comprising: a container configured to trap insects; a first compartment including one or more acidic attractant compounds configured to attract insects; a first diffusion membrane configured to limit diffusion of the one or more acidic attractant compounds from the first compartment; a second compartment including one or more alcohol attractant compounds configured to attract insects; a second diffusion membrane configured to limit diffusion of the one or more alcohol attractant compounds from the second compartment; a removable sealing layer configured to limit chemical reactions between the one or more acidic attractant compounds and the one or more alcohol attractant compounds. 
         [0011]    Various embodiments of the invention include an insect lure comprising: a shell including a first compartment, a second compartment and a third compartment; a first insect attractant compound disposed in the first compartment; a second insect attractant compound disposed in the second compartment; a third insect attractant compound disposed in the third compartment, the first, second and third insect attractant compounds being different; a first diffusion membrane configured to control diffusion of the first insect attractant from the first compartment; and a removable sealing layer configured to prevent release of the first insect attractant and the second insect attractant. 
         [0012]    Various embodiments of the invention include an insect lure device comprising: a first compartment, a second compartment and a third compartment; a first insect attractant compound disposed in the first compartment; a second insect attractant compound disposed in the second compartment; a third insect attractant compound disposed in the third compartment, the first, second and third insect attractant compounds being different; a first diffusion membrane configured to control diffusion of the first insect attractant from the first compartment; a seal between the first and second compartments configured to limit chemical reactions between the first insect attractant and the second insect attractant; and a removable sealing layer configured to seal the first, second and third compartments. 
         [0013]    Various embodiments of the invention include an insect lure device comprising: a first compartment, a second compartment and a third compartment; a first insect attractant compound disposed in the first compartment; a second insect attractant compound disposed in the second compartment; a third insect attractant compound disposed in the third compartment, the first, second and third insect attractant compounds being different; a first diffusion membrane configured to control diffusion of the first insect attractant from the first compartment; a seal between the first and second compartments configured to control flow of the first insect attractant into the second compartment; and a removable sealing layer configured to limit release of the first, second and third insect attractants from the lure. 
         [0014]    Various embodiments include method of producing an insect lure, the method comprising: receiving a shell including at least a first compartment and a second compartment; placing a first insect attractant in the first compartment; placing a second insect attractant in the second compartment; applying a first diffusion membrane to the first compartment, the first diffusion membrane being configured to limit diffusion of the first insect attractant from the first compartment; applying a second diffusion membrane to the second compartment, the second diffusion membrane being configured to limit diffusion of the second insect attractant from the second compartment; applying a removable sealing layer to the insect lure, the removable sealing layer being configured to seal the first and second compartments; and creating a seal between the first compartment and the second compartment, the seal being configured to limit a chemical reaction between the first insect attractant and the second insect attractant. 
         [0015]    Various embodiments of the invention include an insect trap device comprising: a container including a first compartment, a second compartment and a third compartment; a first insect attractant compound disposed in the first compartment; a second insect attractant compound disposed in the second compartment, the first and second compartments being attached to the container; a first diffusion membrane configured to control diffusion of the first insect attractant from the first compartment; and a second diffusion membrane configured to control diffusion of the second insect attractant from the second compartment. These embodiments optionally further include a third insect attractant compound disposed in the third compartment, the first, second and third insect attractant compounds being different; and a third diffusion membrane configured to control diffusion of the third insect attractant from the third compartment. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0016]      FIG. 1A  illustrates a three compartment lure, according to various embodiments of the invention. 
           [0017]      FIG. 1B  illustrates a two compartment lure, according to various embodiments of the invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 1C  illustrates an exploded view of a lure compartment, according to various embodiments of the invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  illustrates the outer shell of a three compartment lure, according to various embodiments of the invention. 
           [0020]      FIG. 3  illustrates an assembled three compartment lure, according to various embodiments of the invention. 
           [0021]      FIG. 4  illustrates a three compartment lure disposed with an insect trap, according to various embodiment of the invention. 
           [0022]      FIG. 5  illustrates attachment points of a diffusion membrane, according to various embodiments of the invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 6  illustrates attachment points of a sealing layer, according to various embodiments of the invention. 
           [0024]      FIG. 7  illustrates an overlay of seals, according to various embodiments of the invention. 
           [0025]      FIG. 8  illustrates methods of producing a lure and trap, according to various embodiments of the invention. 
           [0026]      FIGS. 9A and 9B  illustrate insect traps including one or more lures, according to various embodiments of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0027]    Embodiments of the invention include a lure including two or more insect attractants. The lure is optionally placed in an insect trap. Features of the lure enable the use of insect attractants that would adversely react chemically with each other. For example, an acidic attractant compound could react with an alcohol based attractant compound to form an ester. These reaction products can be less effective as attractants than their precursors. Thus, if such reactions are allowed to occur, the efficacy of the lure is reduced. This can result in a dramatically reduced shelf life for the lure. Reduced shelf life is avoided by placing attractants in different compartments and severely limiting diffusion of attractants between the compartments. Lures of the invention can include two, three, four or more compartments. The compartments may or may not be directly attached to each other. 
         [0028]      FIG. 1A  illustrates a three compartment Lure  100 , according to various embodiments of the invention. The three compartment embodiments of Lure  100  include three Compartments  110  individually labeled  110 A,  110 B and  110 C. Each Compartment  110  is formed by an outer Shell  115  and includes a different insect Attractant  120 , individually labeled  120 A,  120 B and  120 C. Each Compartment  110  further includes a Diffusion Membrane  125 , individually labeled  125 A,  125 B and  125 C. The Diffusion Membranes  125  are disposed between the Compartments  110  and a removable Sealing Layer  130 . In some embodiments, Seals  135  are disposed between Sealing Layer  130  and Shell  115 . The elements illustrated in  FIGS. 1A-1C  are not to scale. 
         [0029]    Compartments  110  may have curved and/or flat sides. For example, in various embodiments Compartments  110  are cylindrical, hemispherical, or rectangular. Shell  115  can be formed from a wide variety of materials, such as plastic or coated paper. A single connected Shell  115  may form all three Compartments  110  making the Compartments  110  directly connected to each other. Alternatively, two or more of the Compartments  110  may be formed from different Shells  115 . If formed from different Shells  115 , Compartment  110 A can be disposed in a different part of an insect trap. In some embodiments, Shell  115  is also part of the structure of an insect trap, e.g., a trap lid, wall or bottom of the insect trap. 
         [0030]    Diffusion Membrane  125  is configured to control the rates diffusion of Attractants  120  from within Compartments  110 . In various embodiments, Diffusion Membranes  125  are less than 50, 10, 5 and 2 thousandths of an inch thick. In contrast, the openings of Compartments  110  covered by Diffusion Membranes  125  may be on the order of ¼ to ½ to ¾ inches (or more) in length or diameter. Part of Diffusion Membranes  125  may be masked by a less (non) permeable material so as to reduce the active diffusion area from one or more of Compartments  110 . In various embodiments, the active diffusion area and/or openings of Compartments  110  are less than 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6 or 0.7 inches in length or diameter, or any range between these values. In  FIGS. 1A-1C  Diffusion Membranes  125  are shown with different aspect ratios for illustrative purposes only. Examples of materials that may be used in Diffusion Membranes  125  are provided in Table I. These materials can be combined as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE I 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Membrane Materials 
               
               
                 Membrane Materials 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 polyvinyl alcohol 
                 polyacrylamide 
                 polyurea 
               
               
                 polyethylene 
                 polyether 
                 epoxy 
               
               
                 polypropylene 
                 polyester 
                 ethylene vinyl acetate 
               
               
                   
                   
                 copolymer 
               
               
                 polystyrene 
                 polyamide 
                 Polyvinylacetate 
               
               
                 polyvinylidene 
                 polyvinyl chloride 
                 Polyacrylate 
               
               
                 chloride 
               
               
                 polyacrylonitrile 
                 chlorinated polyethylene 
                 acetal copolymer 
               
               
                 polyurethane 
                 polyvinylpyrrolidone 
                 polymethylmethacrylate 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0031]    Other materials that may be used as membranes include, but are not limited to: 
         [0032]    1) Polyolefins, including low-, linear low-, and high-density polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) 
         [0033]    2) Copolymers of ethylene, like ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH), and ethylene-acrylic acid (EAA) 
         [0034]    3) Substituted olefins, like polystyrene (PS), high-impact polystyrene (HIPS, with 1,3-butadiene isomer added during the polymerization of the PS), oriented polystyrene (OPS), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVdC), and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) 
         [0035]    4) Polyesters, like polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and relative copolymer PET-PEN;(v)polycarbonates (PC) 
         [0036]    5) Polyamide (PA) 
         [0037]    6) Acrylonitriles, like polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and acrylonitrile/styrene (ANS) 
         [0038]    7) Regenerated cellulose 
         [0039]    8) Polylactic acid (PLA) as biodegradable polymer for food packaging contact 
         [0040]    9) Blending, layering or lamination of with any plastic film listed above 
         [0041]    Different Diffusion Membranes  125  can be used to cover different members of Compartments  110 . The Diffusion Membranes  125  may differ in material or thickness. The selection of Diffusion Membranes  125  can be made so as to control diffusion rates of different members of Attractants  120 . In some embodiments, Diffusion Membranes  125 B and  125 C are the same, while Diffusion Membranes  125 A is different. In some embodiments, each of Diffusion Membranes  125 A,  125 B and  125 C are different. Diffusion Membranes  125 A,  125 B and/or  125 C may be a single piece that spans the respective members of Compartments  110 . Typically thicknesses for Diffusion Membrane  125  are at less than 0.1 mils, 5 mils, 10, mils, 25 mils, 50 mils, 100 mils, or any range between these values. Any combination of the membrane materials disclosed herein may be used for Diffusion Membranes  125 A,  125 B and/or  125 C. One of Compartments  110  may have a different membrane than the other one or two Compartments  110 , or all three of Compartments  110  may have different membranes. 
         [0042]    The diffusion occurs through a region of each of Diffusion Membranes  125 A,  125 B and  125 C referred to as the “active diffusion area.” The size of this active diffusion area can be controlled by masking and/or by the diameter/dimensions of Compartments  110 . In some embodiments the different Diffusion Membranes  125 A- 125 C have different active diffusion areas. For example, Diffusion Membrane  125 A over Compartment  110 A may have a 50% greater active diffusion area relative to Diffusion Membrane  125 B over Compartment  110 B. In various embodiments, the active diffusion area of one of Diffusion Membranes  125 A- 125 C is at least 25%, 50%, 100%, 200% or 300% greater than the active diffusion area of another of Diffusion Membranes  125 A- 125 C. Differences in active diffusion areas are optionally used to control relative release rates of different lures. 
         [0043]    Removable Sealing Layer  130  is configured to prevent significant amounts of Attractants  120  from escaping from Lure  100 , prior to removal of this layer. For example, Sealing Layer  130  may comprise a foil film that provides an airtight or essentially airtight seal to Compartments  110 . Sealing Layer  130  is attached in a removable fashion such that it can be peeled away leaving Diffusion Membranes  125  in place. Removable attachment of Sealing Layer  130  may be performed thermally or using an adhesive. Removal of Sealing Layer  130  allows Attractants  120  to diffuse from Lure  100  and attract insects. When attached, Sealing Layer  130  also limits (e.g., effectively prevents) diffusion of Attractants  120  between Compartments  110 . For example, Sealing Layer  130  helps prevent Attractant  120 B from reaching and reacting significantly with Attractants  120 A or  120 C. As used herein, a “significant” chemical reaction is one that results in commercially relevant degradation of the lure. In one example, a significant chemical reaction is one that would reduce the efficacy of the attractants by more than 10% at room temperature in 6 months. 
         [0044]    Seals  135  are also configured for preventing mixing of Attractants  120 . Seals  135  form a barrier between Compartments  110 , and optionally between Compartments  110  and the exterior of Lure  100 . Seals  135  may or may not penetrate Diffusion Membranes  125 . Seals  135  may comprise an adhesive, plastic or other material. Alternatively, Seals  135  may be formed by heating and/or pressing on Sealing Layer  130  and/or Diffusion Membranes  125 . For example, Seals  135  may be formed by a combination of pressure and heat that causes melting of Sealing Layer  130  and/or Diffusion Membranes  125 . Seals  135  may be formed before and/or after attachment of Sealing Layer  130 . In various embodiments, Seals  135  are configured to reduce diffusion of Attractants  120  between Compartments  110  to a factor of at least 100, 1000 or 10,000 times less than the diffusion out of Compartments  110  (through Diffusion Membranes  125 ) when Sealing Layer  130  is removed. 
         [0045]    Attractants  120  may include any compounds known to attract insects. Generally, the purpose of dividing Attractants  120  between more than one of Compartments  110  is to prevent different Attractants  120  from reacting with each other. For example, in some embodiments acidic Attractants  120  are placed in Compartment  110 A and Attractants  120  having an alcohol moiety are placed in Compartment  110 B. 
         [0046]    In addition to acids and alcohols, Attractants  120  optionally further include esters and/or other compounds found to attract insects. As used herein, acidic is used to refer to a compound having a pH less than 7; alcohol is used to refer to an organic compound having a hydroxyl functional group (—OH) bound to a saturated carbon atom; “ester” is used to refer to chemical compounds derivable from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one —OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an —O-alkyl (alkoxy) group. Examples of compounds that may be included in Attractants  120  are listed in Tables II, III and IV. In addition to those listed in these tables, any suitable ester, saturated alcohol and/or saturated carboxylic acid may be used as an attractant. Further, in addition to those listed in Table IV, the esters used as attractants optionally include any suitable mono- or di-unsaturated compounds of up to 12 carbon atoms. In various embodiments, these saturated alcohol and/or saturated carboxylic acid include up to 4, up to 6 or up to 10 carbon atoms. Some embodiments further include attractants including mono or di-unsaturated compounds of up to 6 carbons. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE II 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Acids 
               
               
                 Acidic Compounds 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Acetic Acid 
               
               
                   
                 Formic Acid 
               
               
                   
                 Propionic Acid 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE III 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Alcohols 
               
               
                 Alcohols 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Ethanol 
                 Methanol 
               
               
                   
                 Acetoin 
                 Propanol 
               
               
                   
                 Methionol 
                 Iso-propanol 
               
               
                   
                 Ethyl lactate 
                 Iso-butanol 
               
               
                   
                 1-hexanol 
                 Tert-butanol 
               
               
                   
                 Grape butyrate 
                 3-hydroxybutan-2-one 
               
               
                   
                 Isoamyl lactate 
                 3-methylsulfanylpropan-1-ol 
               
               
                   
                 2-phenylethanol 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE IV 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Esters 
               
               
                 Esters 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Isoamyl acetate 
                 3-hydroxybutan-2-yl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 formate 
               
               
                   
                 2-methylbutyl acetate 
                 3-hydroxybutan-2-yl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 acetate 
               
               
                   
                 Ethyl sorbate 
                 3-hydroxybutan-2-yl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 propionate 
               
               
                   
                 Ethyl acetate 
                 3-hydroxybutan-2-yl 
               
               
                   
                   
                 butylate 
               
               
                   
                 Diethyl succinate 
                 3-methylsulfanylpropan- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1-yl formate 
               
               
                   
                 Ethyl butyrate 
                 3-methylsulfanylpropan- 
               
               
                   
                   
                 1-yl acetate 
               
               
                   
                 3-methylsulfanylpropan- 
                 3-methylsulfanylpropan- 
               
               
                   
                 1-yl propionate 
                 1-yl butylate 
               
               
                   
                 Ethyl lactate 
                 Grape butyrate 
               
               
                   
                 Isoamyl lactate 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0047]    In various embodiments, Lure  100  includes at least two Compartments  110 A and  110 B. Acetic acid is disposed in Compartment  110 A and any two, three or more of the compounds listed in Table III are disposed in Compartment  110 B. In various embodiments, Lure  100  includes at least three Compartments  110 A,  110 B and  110 C. Acetic acid is disposed in Compartment  110 A; ethanol is disposed in Compartment  110 B; and acetoin and methionol are disposed in Compartment  110 C. In various embodiments, Lure  110  includes at least three Compartments  110 A,  110 B and  110 C; acetic acid is disposed in Compartment  110 A; a first of the compounds listed in Table III is disposed in Compartment  110 B; and at least a second and third of the compounds listed in Table III disposed in Compartment  110 C. In various embodiments, a Lure  100  includes at least four Compartment  110 ; acetic acid disposed in a first of Compartments  110 ; ethanol is disposed in a second of Compartments  110 ; acetoin is disposed in a third of Compartments  110 ; and methionol is disposed in a fourth of Compartments  110 . Acetoin is a solid dimer at room temp, so water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and other diluents can be added as a solvent. In some embodiments the solvent is selected for the resulting mixture to have an equivalent or higher vapor pressure than the solvent alone. Attractants  120  can be in solid or liquid form. The order of Compartments  110 A,  110 B and  110 C is typically not important, and as used herein the identification of them as “first-second” or “ 110 A- 110 B” etc. is not meant to indicate a requirement for an actual physical order. 
         [0048]    The lures used in Compartment  110 A- 110 C are optionally configured to attract one or more of the insects listed in Table V. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE V 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Class 
                 Order 
                 Family 
                 Genus 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Insecta 
                 Coleoptera 
                 Curculionidae 
                 
                   Anthonomus 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Rhynchophorus 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Scarabaeidae 
                 
                   Anomala 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Blitopertha 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Exomala 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Popillia 
                 
               
               
                 Insecta 
                 Diptera 
                 Drosophilidae 
                 
                   Drosophila 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Muscidae 
                 
                   Haematobia 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Musca 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Stomoxys 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tephritidae 
               
               
                 Insecta 
                 Heteroptera 
                 Pentatomidae 
                 
                   Euschistus 
                 
               
               
                 Insecta 
                 Hymenoptera 
                 Vespidae 
                 
                   Vespa 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Vespula 
                 
               
               
                 Insecta 
                 Lepidoptera 
                 Cacoeciamorpha 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Choristoneura 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Noctuidae 
                 
                   Helicoverpa 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Oecophoridae 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Pyralidae 
                 
                   Ephestia 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Plodia 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Spodoptera 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Tortricidae 
                 
                   Archips 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Argyrotaenia 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Cydia 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Grapholita 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Pandemis 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 
                   Platynota 
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0049]    Other compounds that may be included in Compartments  100 A- 110 C include those listed in Table VI. These compounds, and those included in Tables II-IV, are used in any combination, in various embodiments of the invention. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE VI 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Linalool 
                 Geraniol 
                 b-Damascenone 
               
               
                 a-Ionone 
                 Benzyl alcohol 
                 (Z)-3-hexenol 
               
               
                 a-Ionol 
                 Raspberry ketone 
                 acetoin 
               
               
                 b-Ionone 
                 Hexanoic acid 
                 Butyl acetate 
               
               
                 Hexanal 
                 2-Heptanone 
                 3-Methyl-1-butanol 
               
               
                 trans-2-Hexenal 
                 3-Methyl-2-butenyl acetate 
                 2-Heptanol 
               
               
                 Hexanol 
                 cis-3-Hexenol acetate 
                 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol 
               
               
                 β-pinene 
                 α-pinene 
                 Myrcene 
               
               
                 α-phellandrene 
                 p-cimene 
                 β-phellandrene 
               
               
                 γ-terpinene 
                 caryophyllene 
                 Humulene 
               
               
                 Geraniol 
                 Dihydro-β-ionone 
                 α-Ionone 
               
               
                 methyl acetate 
                 limonene 
                 hexanoic acid ethylester 
               
               
                 ethyl acetate 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0050]      FIG. 1B  illustrates a two compartment Lure  100 , according to various embodiments of the invention. In these embodiments of Lure  100 , acidic Attractants  120  are optionally disposed in Compartment  110 A and alcohol Attractants  120  are optionally disposed in Compartment  110 B. 
         [0051]      FIG. 1C  illustrates an exploded view of a lure compartment, according to various embodiments of the invention. Note that Diffusion Membranes  125  are optionally formed by a single continuous sheet and Seals  135  penetrate this sheet. 
         [0052]      FIG. 2  illustrates the outer Shell  115  of a three compartment Lure  100 , according to various embodiments of the invention. In these embodiments, Shell  115  is a gas impermeable plastic. 
         [0053]      FIG. 3  illustrates an assembled three compartment Lure  100 , according to various embodiments of the invention. Shell  115  and Sealing Layer  130  are visible. 
         [0054]      FIG. 4  illustrates a three compartment Lure  100  disposed with an insect Trap  410 , according to various embodiment of the invention. As noted elsewhere herein Lure  100  is optionally included as part of a structural component of Trap  410 . Trap  410  can be embodied in may alternative shapes and sizes, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Further, compartments of Lure  100  may be disposed inside and/or outside of Trap  410 . For example, Compartment  110  A may be inside while Compartment  110 B is outside, or vice versa. Two of Compartments  110  may be disposed inside while one of Compartments  110  is disposed outside, or vice versa. 
         [0055]      FIG. 5  illustrates Attachment Points  510  for Diffusion Membranes  125 , according to various embodiments of the invention. The outlines shown are possible positions at which adhesive, pressure, solvent and/or heat are used to attached Diffusion Membranes  125  to Shell  115 . This attachment may result in the generation of part of Seals  135 . The dimensions are in centimeters and are meant to be illustrative, only, not limiting. 
         [0056]      FIG. 6  illustrates Attachment Points  610  of Sealing Layer  130 , according to various embodiments of the invention. For example, the outlines illustrated may be points at which adhesive, solvent, pressure and/or heat are applied attach Sealing Layer  130  to the remainder of Lure  100 . This attachment may result in the generation of part of Seals  135 . 
         [0057]      FIG. 7  illustrates an overlay of Seals  135  and/or the Attachment Points  510  and  610  shown in  FIGS. 5 and 6 , according to various embodiments of the invention. As illustrated in  FIGS. 5-7 , Shell  115  and Seals  135  can include either rectangular or curvilinear shapes. 
         [0058]      FIG. 8  illustrates methods of producing a lure and/or trap, according to various embodiments of the invention. The produced lure or trap may include any of the embodiments discussed elsewhere herein. In a Receive Shell Step  810 , the method includes first receiving an instance of Shell  115 . This instance of Shell  115  can include at least two, three, four or more Compartments  110 . This instance of Shell  115  may also be configured to be part of Trap  410 , such as a lid, wall or bottom. 
         [0059]    In a Place First Attractant Step  820  a first insect Attractant  120 A is placed in the first Compartment  120 A. In various embodiments, this Attractant  120 A can include any of the Attractants  120  described elsewhere herein. In a Place Second Attractant Step  825 , Attractant  120 B is placed in the second Compartment  120 B. This Attractant  120 B can include any of the Attractants  120  described herein, but is typically different than Attractant  120 A. In an optional Place Third Attractant  830 , Attractant  120 C is placed in optional Compartment  120 C. This Attractant  120 C can include any of the Attractants  120  described herein, but is typically different than Attractants  120 A and  120 B. Similar steps may be performed for additional compartments. The results of Steps  820 - 830  include any of the combinations of Attractants  120  disclosed elsewhere herein. For example, Attractant  120 A may comprise Acetic Acid, Attractant  120 B may include Ethanol or a combination of Ethanol, Acetoin and Methionol, Attractant  120 C may include a combination of Acetoin and Methionol. As discussed elsewhere herein, other useful chemicals can be added to the Compartments  110  discussed herein, or to additional compartments within Lure  100 . This optionally occurs during Steps  820 - 830 . 
         [0060]    In an Apply Diffusion Membrane Step  835 , Diffusion Membrane  125 A is applied to Compartment  110 A, Diffusion Membrane  125 B is applied to Compartment  110 B, and optionally Diffusion Membrane  125 C is applied to Compartment  110 C, etc. As discussed elsewhere herein, Diffusion Membranes  125  are configured to control diffusion of Attractants  120  from the respective Compartments  110 . 
         [0061]    In some embodiments the application of Diffusion Membranes  125 A,  125 B and  125 C is performed in a single step using a single sheet of membrane. For example, a sheet of polymer membrane may be placed over Shell  115  and attached using adhesive and/or heat at the locations illustrated in  FIG. 5 . Alternatively, Diffusion Membranes  125  may be attached separately, allowing for the application of different Diffusion Membranes  125  on different members of Compartments  110 . Diffusion Membranes  125  may be attached using pressure, heat, solvent, adhesive, and/or any other attachment mechanism known in the art. 
         [0062]    In an Apply Seal Layer  840 , removable Sealing Layer  130  is applied to Lure  100 . As discussed elsewhere herein, Sealing Layer  130  is configured to seal Lure  100  and Compartments  110  so as to prevent appreciable amounts of Attractants  120  from being released from Lure  100 , prior to removal of Sealing Layer  130 . Sealing Layer  130  further prevents Attractant  120 A from diffusing from Compartment  110 A through Diffusion Membranes  125 A and  125 B to Compartment  110 B. Sealing Layer  130  can be attached using pressure, heat, solvent, adhesive, and/or any other removable attachment mechanism known in the art. In some embodiments the Sealing Layer  130  is attached at positions illustrated in  FIG. 6 . Typically, Diffusion Membranes  125  are more firmly attached to Shell  115  than Sealing Layer  130  is attached to the rest of Lure  100 , so that Sealing Layer  130  can be pulled off leaving Diffusion Membranes  125  intact. 
         [0063]    In some embodiments, the attachment of Diffusion Membranes  125  and/or Sealing Layer  130  results in the formation of Seals  135 . For example, the attachment of these elements can result in a diffusion path from Compartment  110 A to Compartment  110 B through Diffusion Membranes  125 A and  125 B that is tenths of an inch, this effectively eliminates diffusion between these two compartments, e.g., it effectively seals the Compartments  110  from each other. The effective elimination of diffusion between Compartments  110  significantly limits chemical reactions between Attractants  120  from different Compartments  110  to inconsequential trace levels that do not impact the shelf life of Lure  100 . These reactions are prevent from occurring in other than trace, inconsequential amounts. 
         [0064]    In an optional Add to Trap Step  845 , Lure  100  is added to Trap  410 . Lure  100  can be hung in Trap  410  as illustrated in  FIG. 4  or attached by some other means. If Lure  100  includes an integral part of Trap  410 , then Add to Trap Step  845  includes assembly of Trap  410 . 
         [0065]      FIGS. 9A and 9B  illustrate instances insect Trap  410  including one or more Lures  100 , according to various embodiments of the invention. These figures provide examples of how Compartments  110  may be integrated into instances of Traps  410 . While the Compartments are labeled  110 A,  110 B and  110 C, these can be interchanged in various embodiments, and the illustrated positions of specific Compartments  110  is not intended to be limiting. 
         [0066]    In  FIG. 9A , Trap  410  is shown to include a Hanger Hook  910 , a Container  920 , Insect Entrances  930  and three Compartments  110 . For the purposes of example, Compartment  110 A is shown hanging within the interior of Trap  410 . Optionally, two, three or more Compartments  110  can be attached using this approach, with the Compartments  110  connected and/or separate. Compartments  110 B and  110 C are shown integrated in to a wall of Trap  410 . For the purposes of example, Compartment  110 B is shown at the exterior of Trap  410  and configured such that the attractant from this container will diffuse to the exterior of Trap  410  when Sealing Layer  130  is removed. Two, three or more of the Compartments  110  are optionally configured thus. For the purposes of example, Compartments  110 C is shown configured such that the attractant from this container will diffuse into the interior of Trap  410  when Sealing Layer  130  is removed. Two, three or more of the Compartments  110  are optionally configured thus. Sealing Layer  130  is optionally removed prior to inserting Compartments  110  into Trap  410 . However Compartments  110  are disposed with Trap  410 , they may be connected directly or separate. 
         [0067]      FIG. 9B  illustrates a folded embodiment of Trap  410 . This embodiment is configured to be pulled such that it unfolds, e.g., pulled by Hanger Hook  910 . This action optionally causes Ribbon  940 , connected to Hanger Hook  910  to pull Sealing Layer  130  from Compartments  110 . One of ordinary skill in the art will understand, with the benefit of this specification, that there are many ways in which Compartments  110  can be incorporated into Traps  410  and in which Sealing Layer  130  may be automatically or manually removed. For example, Sealing Layer  130  may be broken by screwing, snapping, clipping or other attachment of Lure  100  into Trap  410 . Sealing Layer  130  need not be removed completely to effect “removal.” The sealing property merely needs to be breached. Trap  410  is optionally configured for replacement of Lure  100 . 
         [0068]    Several embodiments are specifically illustrated and/or described herein. However, it will be appreciated that modifications and variations are covered by the above teachings and within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and intended scope thereof. For example, Lures  100  can include additional Compartments  110  and can contain compounds other that insect attractants. These compounds can include: dyes, chemical markers, insect trapping adhesives, materials for inset control, insecticides, pheromones, kairomones and/or necromones. 
         [0069]    The embodiments discussed herein are illustrative of the present invention. As these embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to illustrations, various modifications or adaptations of the methods and or specific structures described may become apparent to those skilled in the art. All such modifications, adaptations, or variations that rely upon the teachings of the present invention, and through which these teachings have advanced the art, are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Hence, these descriptions and drawings should not be considered in a limiting sense, as it is understood that the present invention is in no way limited to only the embodiments illustrated.