Abstract:
Microscope, in particular an optical scanning microscope with illumination of a specimen via a beam splitter, which is arranged in an objective pupil and includes at least a reflecting first portion and at least a transmitting second portion, whereby the reflecting portion serves to couple in the illumination light and the transmitting portion serves to pass the detection light in the detection direction or the transmitting portion serves to couple in the illumination light and the reflecting portion serves to couple out the detection light, with a first scanning arrangement. Means are provided in the detection light path for the overlay of at least one further scanning arrangement for illumination and detection.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     The present patent application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/967,321, filed Oct. 19, 2004, which is incorporated in its entirety by reference herein. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention is directed to a microscope, in particular an optical scanning microscope with illumination of a specimen via a beam splitter  
         [0004]     2. Related Art  
         [0005]     In U.S. Pat. No. 6,888,148 among other things a beam splitter is described for a line scanner.  
         [0006]     In a line scanner the specimen is illuminated with a line focus (e.g. along the X-coordinate), which is shifted in the coordinate (Y) perpendicular to the line. For this the source of light is linearly focused into an intermediate image plane of the microscope mechanism by means of optics. By the focusing in Y direction in the intermediate image, for example by a cylinder lens, a linear and diffraction-limited distribution of intensity arises along X on the specimen. With further optics the light is focused into the pupil of the microscope arrangement. In the pupil levels of the microscope arrangement a line focus results in each case. The pupil levels and the scanner are conjugate to each other and to the rear focal plane of the microscope arrangement, so that the scanner can induce the linear and diffraction-limited focused distribution of intensity perpendicular to this (Y-coordinate in the specimen). The focusing into the specimen is made by scan optics, the tube lens and the objective. Relay optics produces conjugate pupil levels of the microscope arrangement. Due to the kind of the specimen reciprocal effect e.g. during an excitation for fluorescence or luminescence the light emitted from the specimen is of small spatial coherency. That is each point excited in the specimen radiates essentially independently of the neighboring points as point emitter into all directions in space. The optics, (e.g. a microscope objective) displays the individual point emitters together with the tube lens TL into an intermediate image plane ZB of the microscope mechanism, whereby the pupil P is illuminated homogeneously (broken light path) by wave fronts that are essentially incoherent to each other and of different directions of propagation. In the pupil is the element which separates the excitation light from the detection light. It is constructed as described in DE.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0007]     The present invention is directed to a microscope, in particular an optical scanning microscope with illumination of a specimen via a beam splitter, which is arranged in an objective pupil and consists of at least a reflecting first portion and at least a transmitting second portion, whereby the reflecting portion serves to couple in the illumination light and the transmitting portion serves to pass the detection light in the detection direction or the transmitting portion serves to couple in the illumination light and the reflecting portion serves to couple out the detection light, with a first scanning arrangement, whereby means are provided in the detection light path for the overlay of at least one further scanning arrangement for illumination and detection. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0008]      FIG. 1  is a schematic view of a first embodiment of an optical scanning microscope in accordance with the present invention.  
         [0009]      FIG. 2  is a schematic view of a second embodiment of an optical scanning microscope in accordance with the present invention.  
         [0010]      FIG. 3  is a schematic view of a third embodiment of an optical scanning microscope in accordance with the present invention.  
         [0011]      FIG. 4  is a schematic view of a fourth embodiment of an optical scanning microscope in accordance with the present invention.  
         [0012]      FIG. 5  is a schematic view of a fifth embodiment of an optical scanning microscope in accordance with the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0013]      FIG. 1 :  
         [0014]     The light of a far field-source of light LQ is focused with suitable optics for the production of an illumination line, for example a cylinder lens ZL, linearly into one level that is conjugate to the pupil P of the microscope objective O, in which there is a developed beam splitter ST in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 6,888,148, which exhibits a narrow linear transmitter range, over which the line is displayed via transmission optics L 1 , L 2 , scan optics SO, tube lens TL and objective O into the specimen PR. A scanner SC is arranged in a pupil P, that moves the line quickly over the specimen in a scan direction perpendicular to the line expansion.  
         [0015]     The light (broken) coming from the specimen is returned by the beam splitter reflecting up to the narrow transmitter range in direction of detection via a replaceable filter F as well as detection optics PO toward a detector DE 1 , in front of which a slit diaphragm can be arranged.  
         [0016]      FIG. 2 :  
         [0017]     Here exemplary sources of light LQ 1 , LQ 2  are represented in addition to the elements represented in  FIG. 1  on cross ports, which can result also from bypass of only one source of light, whereby wavelength and intensity can be adjusted advantageously.  
         [0018]     By use of achromatic beam splitters the special advantage is that the same wavelength can be used for both sources of light LQ 1 , LQ 2 , which can be formed also by allocation in and of the same source of light. The intermediate images ZB and ZB 1  are levels conjugate to each other. Furthermore, the pupil levels of the microscope arrangement P are conjugate levels to each other. The conjugate levels in each case are produced by the effect of the optics lying between them in each case (those acting as relay optics—light paths only schematically drawn).  
         [0019]     LQ  2  can be for example a point scanner. The illumination light of the point scanner can be used advantageously for the purposeful manipulation (e.g. uncaging) on certain specimen ranges.  
         [0020]     The illumination light of LQ 2  is faded after passage by separate scan optics SO 2  as well as a scanner SC 1  (a X/Y scanner favorable) over a usual dichroic color divider FT 1  into the detection light path of the line scanner and arrives over the reflective range of the divider ST toward the specimen PR.  
         [0021]     The reflecting range of the beam splitter ST is thus used advantageously for the reflection of a further scan light path.  
         [0022]     The light coming from the specimen arrives on the one hand at the detector DE 1  and on the other hand depending on interpretation of the color divider FT 1  also via a further color divider FT 2  toward a second detector DE 2 .  
         [0023]     For example fluorescence light excited by LQ 1  coming from the specimen arrives during appropriate interpretation by FT 1  on the detector DE 1  while reflected light of the point scanner LQ 2  arrives on the detector DE 2 . Furthermore different fluorescence wavelengths excited also by LQ 1  and LQ 2  can arrive on the different detectors DE 1  and DE 2 .  
         [0024]     Since the light moved by the scanner SC 1  is moved here additionally by the scanner SC, the scanner SC 1  must be controlled in such a way that it compensates for the movement of the scanner SC and additionally realizes a relative position for line illumination.  
         [0025]     That is simple to realize if scanner SC 1  moves slower in comparison to the scanner SC.  
         [0026]     The fluorescence light induced by LQ 2  can be also guided on the line detector DE 1 .  
         [0027]     Depending on the position of the scanner  2  the fluorescent spot moves away over the line detector DE  1 , i.e. the light is separated by the scanner  2  toward DE 1 .  
         [0028]      FIG. 3 :  
         [0029]     Here a cross port KS 1  is provided, that can be a separate module and is between a microscope stand S with tube lens and objective, a first scan unit SC 1  and a second scan unit SC  2 .  
         [0030]     SC  1  can contain the described line scanner and SC 2  a point scanner for scanning and/or manipulation.  
         [0031]     SCI and SC  2  are couplable with KS 1  at interfaces.  
         [0032]     For this several intermediate images ZB that are conjugate to each other are available in KS 1  (via the optics L 1 , L 2 ). The conjugate levels in each case are produced by the effect of the optics lying between them (light paths only schematic).  
         [0033]     At the beam splitter ST 1 , which is developed analogous to the beam splitter ST a line is focused on the specimen by the transmitting range. It is attached in one pupil level of the microscope arrangement.  
         [0034]     For example with SC 1  excited light such as fluorescence light in the specimen is reflected downward at ST 1  and arrives over FT 3 , which is here constructed such that it lets this light portion pass through, as well as over several reflectors RF onto the other side of ST 1 . This light is diverted by ST 1  toward the detector DE 1  via ST.  
         [0035]     The fluorescence light excited by the line scanner, which is reflected at ST 1  to the side, is thus brought advantageously in the entire width back into the light path toward DE 1 .  
         [0036]     Thus a further scanner SC 2  can be reflected via FT 3 , whereby by appropriate training of FT 3 , which can be replaceable, different fluorescence wavelengths can arrive at DEl and/or DE 2 . The mode of operation is similar to the one described above.  
         [0037]     Contrary to  FIG. 2  the scanners SC 1  and SC 2  can work here advantageously independent of each other.  
         [0038]      FIG. 4 :  
         [0039]     Here the light is not guided via reflectors RF on the back side of the beam splitter ST 1  as in  FIG. 3  but on the back side of the scanner SC 3 , which is here a mirror that can reflect on its front and back sides and further guides with its back side the specimen light (descanned) coming from the specimen and excited by the line scanner (LQ 1  arrives from above on the front side of the scanner mirror) to the detector DE 1 . FT 3  is constructed here in such a way that it lets through the light intended for the detector DE 1  and only reflects the light intended for DE 2 .  
         [0040]     Thereby again different fluorescences excited by the line scanner and the point scanner can be detected advantageously at the same time.  
         [0041]      FIG. 5 :  
         [0042]     Here the light excited by the line scanner is not descanned as in  FIG. 4  but arrives via FT 1  directly at a surface detector (CCD matrix, gegatete camera), i.e. the linear light distribution coming from the specimen runs in the direction of the scan via the receiver surfaces, which records thereby a specimen image.  
         [0043]     Further scan arrangements can also be reflected by cascading (arrangement of further color dividers FT into a common light path). The scan arrangements can be arbitrary image-giving arrangements. Examples are the already mentioned point scanners, scanners of point of resonance, Nipkow scanner, line scanners and multi-point scanners. Furthermore, these can also be far-field based microscope systems. It is advantageous here that they exhibit an intermediate image plane as interface.