Abstract:
A wireless sensor and control transmitter system is provided for operating an irrigation or other hydraulic system. The system includes a master module unit hardwired to and in communication with the hydraulic system controller, and a field module unit that is hardwired to and in communication with field electromechanical control devices such as valves, solenoids and servo motors, and field sensors indicating, for example, atmospheric conditions. The master module unit and field module unit communicate with digital wireless communication and can act as a simple wireless bridge. The master module and field module units are capable of digitizing input signals from the devices to which they are hardwired and transmitting them to the opposite module; they are further capable of deciphering the digitized signals received to reproduce the original input signal and communicating it to the device to which it is hardwired. Supplemental functionality may be added to an existing hydraulic control system by including the WSCX and its system features of control and sensor functionality that may not otherwise be available in an existing controller system.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The present invention relates to water or fluid control systems such as an irrigation controller system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a retrofit for an existing controller system with a subsystem apparatus that provides a wireless communications link between almost any controller and the control valves or sensors of the system, replacing the wire paths that are typically required to connect them, that can also provide additional functionality to an existing control system.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     There are numerous types of automatic controllers that typically incorporate conventional motor-driven electric clocks or solid-state electronics or both technologies combined. These systems provide for individual start times for particular irrigation cycles and watering schedules and may include calendar programs that provide the ability to select particular days and distribution periods with these control units.  
         [0003]     Solid-state irrigation controllers have been displacing the use of electromechanical controllers, particularly in larger applications. Solid-state controllers replace the electric motors, mechanical switches, pins, cams, levers, gears, and other mechanical devices with solid-state electronic circuitry that executes a programmed response and are typically much less expensive than electromechanical systems. Many prior art solid state irrigation controllers incorporate a programmable microprocessor computer with a user interface that enables the programming of different watering stations or zones based on variables such as daily, weekly, or biweekly start times, having differing watering lengths. Other variables that may programmed into such systems include the use of field sensors that can report a variety of environmental or system component conditions or states.  
         [0004]     Some controllers visually communicate the current status of the system&#39;s programmable variables by use of indicators such as liquid crystal displays, analog indicators or binary messages sent to a computer and graphically represented on screen using proprietary software. Audible and visual alarms to inform the user of malfunction conditions in a control system are used as well.  
         [0005]     In a typical solid-state irrigation system the water supply to sprinklers of each watering zone is regulated by a remote control valve (RCV) having a solenoid that includes one or more sprinklers. An RCV controls the flow of water from a pressurized water source to the sprinklers of a given watering zone. Main or master control valves (MCV&#39;s) that regulate water flow to one or more RCV&#39;s may also be provided. The MCV can function as a fail-safe device should a water line break or malfunction in an RCV occur. RCV&#39;s and MCV&#39;s are types of supplemental field electromechanical control devices. Field sensors may also be provided so that in such systems sensor inputs can be interpreted by the microprocessor and newer controllers can respond to the inputs accordingly, by shutting down an MCV at the main water feed location to prevent water waste and property damage caused by a line break.  
         [0006]     There are two significant types of control systems in use: the stand-alone controller and the centralized-satellite or remote control central system. Generally, the stand-alone controller is operated locally by a user and functions independently of any other controller or of any network communication system. The remote control central system in contrast networks monitoring and control functions by communicating between a plurality of stand-alone controllers and a central, user-operated computer. Central remote control system technology maximizes user efficiency by giving a single individual the capability to monitor and control a number of stand-alone controller devices simultaneously and thereby allow greater optimization of program schedules and water applications.  
         [0007]     Both stand-alone and central control systems can include field sensor devices to allow the monitoring and processing of signals generated by field sensors. They can also sense electrical current load conditions on each of their MCV and RCV wire leads. These control systems can be programmed to respond in specified ways depending upon the sensor inputs detected.  
         [0008]     Most control systems open or close valves or other devices by sending an electric current over a wire at a user-defined scheduled time interval. Some control devices have numerous connection points where several solenoid or other mechanically actuated valves can be attached or other types of devices that can be switched on or off with a relay. Similarly, signals generated from field sensor inputs, such as liquid flow, atmospheric, soil moisture content and other types can be received by contemporary controllers via dedicated wire paths.  
         [0009]     Multiple stand-alone control systems are frequently used on larger land areas or properties, where multiple stand-alone controllers must be used because of the great distances that lay between controllers and valves. The additional controller units may be required because of limitations caused by electrical line impedance, the distance wire can be run and the maximum amount of electrical impedance, or because of the remote proximity to water supply lines or meters. Though expensive, it is usually substantially cheaper to place more controllers near a water supply line than it is to move the supply line closer to a controller. These types of irrigation systems therefore often require a greater number of control units, and at a greater expense, to adequately control the supply water to far reaching areas. Larger property sites such as those used in cities, with highways, planned communities, golf courses, institutional or commercial facilities and the like, are difficult to maintain and manage because of the shear number of control points and the remote proximity between control units.  
         [0010]     Remote central control technology was developed to manage the problems presented by irrigating large areas but carries a substantial economic cost. The investment is greatest in larger locations where a single stand-alone or central control unit can impact a large area. The opposite, however, is true when installing a single control unit in a smaller area. Roughly, the same dollar investment must be made to control an irrigation system on a smaller land area but with a reduced possibility of return on investment, because the smaller property will not have as great a water waste savings potential as a larger one.  
         [0011]     Where there are numerous smaller areas within a larger site, such as a city, they are usually not included when converting several stand-alone control systems to a central control system because of the high cost of retrofitting each control unit. Further, retrofitting an existing stand-alone or central system to incorporate newer technology field sensing inputs, processing and control capabilities is often neglected completely and not installed due to the high cost and difficulty that can be associated with laying wire to connect the devices. In retrofit applications, it is also not uncommon to encounter adverse site conditions which require trenching great distances or through established areas to complete wire runs. Many times large roads, highways, severe elevation changes, buildings, bridges or a multitude of other types of structures must be traversed to run the necessary wire to add sensors, MCV&#39;s or RCV&#39;s.  
         [0012]     Modern irrigation controllers and central control system technology is designed to optimize watering efficiency, to minimize water waste and optimize the irrigation system for other environmental conditions that are associated with water waste, such as soil erosion. A solution is therefore needed to reduce the economic impact of incorporating these newer technologies into otherwise cost-prohibitive or difficult to impossible installation locations.  
         [0013]     What is needed then is a system or subsystem that can be retrofitted to most any commonly available existing irrigation controller system, whether stand-alone or central controlled, that will provide a wireless communication link between the control unit and the MCV&#39;s, RCV&#39;s, and field sensor devices that would otherwise require a hardwired connection.  
         [0014]     What is also needed is a system that provides the apparatus and capability to upgrade the functionality of an existing controller system without having to replace the existing controllers or other components of the system. Adding or retrofitting certain technology features to an existing system that lacks those features may provide a cost effective alternative to total system replacement. Moreover the end user, whether a municipality, an institution, or a commercial, communal or other user would benefit significantly because existing equipment would not need to be eliminated or replaced, so the user would not incur the loss of an initial investment, while availing the user of newer water-saving technology features.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0015]     A solution to the above problem has been devised. In one aspect of the invention, a Wireless Sensor and Control Transmitter System (WSCXS) is provided that functions as a wireless communication link which replaces a section of an existing hardwired irrigation system. The WSCXS provides a communications bridge that communicates command transactions between an irrigation controller unit and distant irrigation system MCV&#39;s, RCV&#39;s and/or field sensors. The WSCXS receives command signals from almost any controller unit and digitizes the received signal to be executed upon the desired valve. Similarly, signals generated by field sensor devices are received, digitized and reproduced for the controller unit. The controller unit then receives the duplicated signal and records the data generated by the sensor, or responds in a preprogrammed fashion.  
         [0016]     The WSCXS comprises two main modules, a Master Module Unit (MMU) and a Field Module Unit (FMU). The system employs radio frequency (RF) transceivers, on/off state function commands and sensor signal inputs that are communicated over an RF link rather than through wires. The WSCXS enables the transmission of signals and commands via a wireless communications bridge that can circumvent physical obstacles, structures or distances that would otherwise prohibit or make impractical a hardwired implementation. The WSCXS system is therefore a cost effective alternative to more expensive hardwire connection applications as detailed above.  
         [0017]     Although the WSCXS is designed to primarily serve as a retrofitted drop-in replacement for hardwire connections for irrigation systems, it may also be incorporated into new systems as well.  
         [0018]     In one embodiment the WSCXS is used with an existing irrigation system having an electromechanical or solid-state irrigation controller unit, made by any manufacturer. The existing irrigation controller may be designed to control field MCV or RCV devices, that may contain electric actuators, motors or solenoids, as well as field sensors that operate with an analog or digital electrical signal, such as sensors that monitor water or fluid flow, atmospheric, precipitation or soil moisture content and others.  
         [0019]     The MMU and FMU are complementary in function and communicate between themselves as transceivers and to the devices that they are hardwired to. Command and sensor signal inputs received by the WSCXS are converted into a digital signal format, and then are transmitted wirelessly to the other RF connected module. The digital RF signal is interpreted by the receiving module exclusively then reconstituted or reproduced into the original input signal format. The receiving module thereby duplicates the original command output or signal transmission to the component hardwired to it to complete a transmission.  
         [0020]     By way of example, the WSCXS may be used with an existing system that otherwise operates with analog communication between the system components. The MMU is hardwired to the existing irrigation controller unit and the FMU is hardwired to the existing field MCV or RCV devices and/or field sensors. The MMU digitizes the electrical output analog control commands of the controller unit into an encrypted digital format then transmits the digital signals via an RF link to the FMU. The FMU is hardwired to the various MCV&#39;s, RCV&#39;s and/or other devices like field sensors or relay switches that may be used in an irrigation system. The FMU receives the digitized command signals from the MMU, decrypts them and reproduces the original signal format from the irrigation controller and transmits them to the field components of the irrigation system to, for example, open or close of a valve or relay. Conversely, the FMU digitizes and transmits sensor signals from field sensors that are hardwired to it, such as data from water flow or moisture sensors. When this digital signal is received by the MMU via RF transmission from the FMU, the MMU reproduces the analog sensor signal and sends it over a short wire path to the irrigation controller unit for data logging, instantaneous viewing or alarm condition monitoring and detection functions. The system preferably operates with full duplex communication, allowing simultaneous two-way communication.  
         [0021]     This embodiment of the present WSCXS invention eliminates the need for running wire between any controller system unit and any field electromechanical control devices or to field sensors.  
         [0022]     Digital RF communication between the MMU and the FMU introduces the programming functionality and security available with digital communication. When used with an existing wholly analog irrigation controller system, for example, the WSCXS essentially converts a portion of that system to a digital system as far as field inputs and outputs are concerned, and confer the added programming flexibility and security of a digital communications system.  
         [0023]     Another aspect of the present invention provides supplemental functionality, functionality beyond that provided by an existing controller unit. The WSCXS may be equipped or programmed to include control features of it&#39;s own. As a supplemental controller subsystem, it can act independently or be integrated with the functions of the existing controller, with the level of possible integration depending on the native functionality of an existing controller.  
         [0024]     This supplemental functionality allows the incorporation and control of newly devised sensors, field electromechanical devices and methods of irrigation into an existing hydraulic, irrigation or water transfer control system. Aftermarket or previously incompatible field electromechanical control devices may then be incorporated into an existing irrigation system with the WSCXS, such as newly devised actuators, solenoids, relays, and servo motors. A much wider variety of aftermarket field sensors may likewise be implemented in an existing system using the WSCXS, allowing the addition, for example, of sensors measuring liquid flow, pressure or liquid level, atmospheric or weather related data, soil moisture content, water-borne contaminants or evaporation.  
         [0025]     The programming protocols of these devices and sensors may be easily implemented by using the supplemental controller in conjunction with the intervening digital communications bridge of the WSCXS. The use of previously incompatible electromechanical devices and sensors can modernize and add great economy and convenience to a fluid transfer, water or irrigation system, providing valuable feedback and improved control of the system. These devices may be incorporated into an existing system that would otherwise be incapable of implementing them or performing advanced functions.  
         [0026]     This WSCXS can therefore be used to provide digital functionality and security when retrofitting an existing system, or installing a new system, without the need to excavate and run wires under roads, structures and other obstacles. The present WSCXS invention eliminates the need for wires between a controller unit and all types of field electromechanical control devices and field sensors. The WSCXS can also provide the ability to add an open-ended variety of supplemental functionality to an existing hydraulic or irrigation system.  
         [0027]     Although the above summary and below description generally refer to irrigation systems for watering vegetation specifically, this is by way of illustration rather than limitation. The WSCXS can be used with any liquid transfer system that controls liquid or fluid flow, such as water, petroleum or petrochemical transfer systems. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0028]      FIG. 1  is a diagram of a typical prior art irrigation control system.  
         [0029]      FIG. 2  is a diagram of an embodiment the system of the present invention.  
         [0030]      FIG. 3  is a diagram of an embodiment the system of the present invention.  
         [0031]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart of a method of the embodiment of  FIG. 2 .  
         [0032]      FIG. 5  is a flow chart of a method of the embodiment of FIGS.  2  or  3 .  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0033]     The following description, and the figures to which it refers, are provided for the purpose of describing examples and specific embodiments of the invention only and are not intended to exhaustively describe all possible examples and embodiments of the invention. Many specific implementations of the following described WSCXS will be apparent to those of skill in the art.  
         [0034]      FIG. 1  shows a typical solid-state centralized irrigation system  1  of the prior art. A central base personal computer  2  is connected via a communications link  5 , to a solid-state controller unit  3 . The controller unit  3  is connected to one or more field MCV, RCV or other relay type devices  7 , and/or to field sensors  9 , such as flow, soil moisture, and atmospheric or other devices by hardwires  11  and  12 . The hardwired connections between the controller unit  3  and the other components  5 ,  7  and  9  frequently run under roads  13  (shown in dashed lines) or other structure.  
         [0035]     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , a diagram of an embodiment of the present invention is shown, an irrigation system employing a WSCXS  20 . In this example an irrigation controller unit  21  is hardwired to a Master Module Unit (MMU)  23  from the output wire leads on the controller. The MMU  23  is further equipped with a duplex RF radio transmitter/receiver and antenna  28  having an antenna that is in wireless communication with Field Module Unit (FMU)  30  that is likewise equipped with a duplex RF radio transmitter/receiver  36  having an antenna that is in wireless communication with MMU  23 .  
         [0036]     The MMU  23  receives inputs from the existing controller&#39;s valve command outputs  25  then converts the input signals into a digital format that is then transmitted via the RF link  29  that exists between the MMU and FMU transceivers  28  and  36 . The FMU  30  receives the digital signals then converts them again to return them into their original output format for transmission to their respective valve or relay devices  31  via a hardwire connection  32 . The controller unit  21  is hardwired to the MMU  23  with one or more valve control wires  25 , to control one or more valves  31  of a typical irrigation system.  
         [0037]     In the present example the MMU  23  is powered by a connection  27  hardwired to the power supply of existing irrigation control unit  21 . The MMU  23  may, for example, may be powered by a direct connection to the MMU by a 24-VAC power supply from the power supply of a typical controller unit. The existing controller unit  21  is also hardwired to the MMU  23  with one or more sensor input wires  26 . The MMU  23  outputs sensor signals into the controller&#39;s  21  sensor input hardwire connections  26 . Field sensors  35  are hardwired  34  to the FMU  30  and produce analog or digital signals. Sensor signals are received, in their original format by the FMU  30  as throughput, and digitized for digital transmission via the RF link  29  that exists between the two modules  23 ,  30  via their respective RF transceivers  28  and  36 . The digitized throughput signals are transmitted from the FMU  30  and received by the MMU  23  for input to the controller unit  21 .  
         [0038]     In this embodiment the FMU  30  is directly connected by wires  32  to one or more field electromechanical control devices, such as valves  31  and master valves  33 , for controlling water flow from one or all of the water control valves.  
         [0039]     Generally, electromechanical control devices such as MCV&#39;s and RCV&#39;s are those devices that are switched to change the state of the irrigation system, such as actuators, solenoids, relays, valves and servomotors. Further, in this embodiment the FMU  30  is also directly connected by wire  34  to one or more field sensor devices  35 . Generally, field sensors are devices that measure field or operating conditions, such as those used to measure liquid flow, pressure or liquid level, atmospheric or weather related conditions or soil moisture content, as well as line current and battery charge.  
         [0040]     The FMU  30  and MMU  23  are preferably implemented with solid-state microprocessor circuitry including solid-state memory, an A/D converter and a wireless digital RF transceiver that will be apparent to those of skill in the art.  
         [0041]     AC or DC electrical current can be used to power one or both of the modules. In this embodiment, DC current from a battery  39  in the field powers the FMU  30 . Because the WSCXS provides for a wireless link to field components, use of DC battery  39  power for the field components, the FMU  30 , field sensors  35  and valves  31  is usually desirable. Where DC battery current is used on the FMU, a field electromechanical control device or a field sensor, the WCSCX is preferably also used to monitor the charge level of the battery. DC battery power levels can be monitored and subsequently reported back to the user or to MMU  23 , which then reports the condition to a user. In the present example the WSCXS may relay an analog signal representing the battery status condition to the irrigation controller, if the feature may be implemented on the existing controller device  21 . This feature enables the user to monitor battery function and replace the battery before it is completely depleted.  
         [0042]     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the WSCXS of  FIG. 2  is shown with supplemental functionality implemented by the WSCXS, with like numbering indicating the same components of the WSCXS as used in  FIG. 2 . The FMU  23  of this embodiment is shown having supplemental controller function that has been programmed to implement the protocol needed for adding supplemental functionality to the irrigation system.  
         [0043]     Supplemental functionality is that functionality beyond that which is provided by an existing controller unit. Such functionality may include the addition of supplemental sensors  42  that were not previously available or that the existing controller is incapable of operating. Such functionality may also include the addition of supplemental electromechanical control devices  44  that were not previously available or that the existing controller is incapable of operating. Supplemental functionality may also include implementing algorithms, such as watering cycles, that the existing controller is incapable of executing.  
         [0044]     In the preferred embodiment a re-programmable firmware  40  is used to allow easy implementation of programming protocols customized for integration with a given model of existing controller and for implementing programming protocols for supplemental sensors, supplemental electromechanical devices, or methods of irrigation. The appropriate programming of the firmware  40  to implement the supplemental controller function of the WSCXS for operating these supplemental devices or methods may be created on another computer then uploaded to the firmware.  
         [0045]     The supplemental functionality of the WSCXS may be integrated with the existing controller unit if the architecture and command protocol of the existing controller unit allows it. For example if the existing controller has a general shut-off command that can be invoked, the supplemental controller function might signal this command to the existing controller in response to a sensor signal that is otherwise incompatible with the existing controller. For example, if the WSCXS was programmed to operate with a sensor that measures water flow rates, to determine whether a minor or catastrophic line break has occurred, or to measure electrical current resistance in a field valve wire lead, to determine whether an open or short circuit condition exists, the WSCXS  20  may generate a signal to the existing controller evoking the general shut-off fault command, causing the existing controller to shut off the irrigation system.  
         [0046]     Alternatively the supplemental controller function can be partially integrated with the existing controlled. For example the supplemental controller of the WSCXS might be programmed to send a signal to the existing controller unit to cause it to respond appropriately by mimicking an analogous fault condition that the existing controller was capable of executing. For example, when the WSCXS is used with an existing controller that has an existing rain sensor protocol, to cause the irrigation system to shut off during rain, the WSCXS can be programmed to take advantage of this. Were a supplemental sensor  42  to be employed, a sensor that could not otherwise be implemented by the existing controller, the WSCXS could be programmed to signal the existing controller that a rain condition exists.  
         [0047]     In this manner the WSCXS may be programmed to respond when it receives a signal from an advanced sensor requiring that the system be shut off, for example, when wiring resistance had exceeded limits or other conditions, under these conditions the WSCXS could signal the existing controller that it was raining and report the true condition to a user. As a further illustration, a sensor may be provided that can detect a prohibitively high flow rate of water, indicating a broken valve or pipe. The WSCXS  20  acting as a supplemental controller may also return a signal to the existing controller that it is raining, resulting in the desired action because the existing controller will then shut off the irrigation system.  
         [0048]     The WSCXS may also be used to implement a different program than the existing controller was designed to execute. For example the WSCXS could implement a more sophisticated irrigation program in response to a standard command signal from the existing controller unit to initiate a single or multiple watering cycles at specified interval to minimize water run-off and waste. In response the WSCXS might  20  send a different corresponding signal to implement the supplemental field electromechanical devices  44  or even electromechanical devices  31  that the existing controller unit is designed to otherwise control.  
         [0049]     Where an irrigation programming function cannot be adapted to be used with the existing controller unit at all the WCSCX may be programmed to independently control the irrigation by replacing or supplementing the commands of an existing irrigation controller without interaction with that existing controller.  
         [0050]     When the WSCXS is used to provide additional or supplemental functionality, to function as a supplemental controller, the WSCXS preferably uses re-programmable firmware  40  to store embedded programming. When a new or alien field sensor, field electromechanical control device or method of irrigation is introduced into the irrigation system the firmware may then simply be upgraded to accommodate the new field sensor, field electromechanical control device or method of irrigation. Again using a water flow rate sensor by way of example, a user may wish to add a supplemental functionality by using a water flow rate sensor that the existing controller was not designed to operate. The firmware  40  of the WSCXS  20  would be programmed to execute a method and protocol for operating and responding to the sensor data inputs. This new programming can be implemented by simply upgrading the firmware programming.  
         [0051]     The following are several examples of implementing supplemental functionality of a hydraulic system method that can be implemented by the WSCXS  20 .  
         [0052]     The WSCXS may be programmed with the steps of having the MMU  23  monitor and store water flow rate data for one or more watering cycles from a flow rate sensor. The WSCXS  20 , acting as a supplemental controller, can be programmed to calculate the average flow rate and based on this, trip rates, which are abnormal rates of water flow that indicate trouble conditions. Thereafter when a level of water flow is reached during a cycle that exceeds the trip rate, the WSCXS  20  as a supplemental controller may issue a shutdown of a component and/or report an alarm condition. In this example if a high rate of water flow is detected beyond that of the trip rate, indicating a broken valve or pipe, the MMU  23  may report the condition and signal the FMU to shut off a valve or the whole system. If the sensor detected a low rate of water flow, below a trip rate, indicating a blockage, the MMU  23  can likewise report the condition and signal the FMU  30  to shut off a valve or the whole system.  
         [0053]     The WSCXS  20  might also be configured to measure the electric current or voltage of the respective parts of the system, by methods that will be apparent to those of skill in the art, to monitor the condition and status of the electromechanical devices and sensors of the irrigation system. For example if a valve draws an excessive amount of current it may indicate that the valve is not fully opening because of a short circuit or is otherwise impaired; if a valve is not drawing any current at all this may indicate a broken connection to that valve. This power monitoring function of the WSCXS  20  can be used to modify an existing irrigation system to allow monitoring of the condition of the valve wire circuitry and faults in that irrigation system.  
         [0054]     Referring to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , flow charts of general methods of the present invention are shown. References to components are in  FIGS. 2 and 3 .  
         [0055]      FIG. 4  shows the method of the apparatus of  FIG. 2 . A original signal is received by first a WSCXS module, the MMU  23  or FMU  30  from the existing controller  21  or a sensor,  9 ,  35 . The signal is digitized by the first WSCXS module and transmitted wirelessly to the other, second WSCXS module over RF link  29 . The digital signal is converted by the second WSCXS module to reproduce the original signal, which is then communicated to an attached existing controller or to a field electromechanical device.  
         [0056]      FIG. 5  shows a method of the apparatus of  FIG. 3 , showing possible integration of the controller  21  when implementing supplemental functionality. An original signal received by a WSCXS module from an existing controller, or from a sensor or supplemental sensor. If the desired function can be integrated with existing controller the MMU sends a signal to the existing controller to cause it to transmit an appropriate command to control a field electromechanical device. The WSCXS then transmits that appropriate signal to control field electromechanical device. If the MMU cannot be used to send an appropriate command, or if otherwise desired, the WSCXS is programmed to directly send an appropriate signal to control field electromechanical device.  
         [0057]     The WSCXS may be used with most or all irrigation systems, such as agricultural, landscape, golf course irrigation systems, as well as irrigation systems for native vegetation or habitat restoration parks or sports play fields. The WSCXS may also be used with other hydraulic systems such as public water transfer systems, oil, gas or petrochemical transfer systems. Any liquid, such as water or petrochemicals, that is transferred or moved through pipes of any size employing an electrical control system can be monitored and controlled wirelessly by the WSCXS.  
         [0058]     It will be appreciated that the invention has been described above with reference to certain examples or preferred embodiments as shown in the drawings. Various additions, deletions, changes and alterations may be made to the above-described embodiments and examples without departing from the intended spirit and scope of this invention.  
         [0059]     Accordingly, it is intended that all such additions, deletions, changes and alterations be included within the scope of the following claims.