Abstract:
A method and apparatus for a computer controlled apparatus for use in wellbore completions. A touch-screen is provided that facilitates commands and information that is entered by an operator ordering movement of a downhole tool. In another embodiment, real-time information about the status of the downhole tools is transmitted to the apparatus based upon operating variables within the system, like pressure, flow rate, total flow, and time.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
   This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/441,884, filed Jan. 22, 2003, which application is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. 

   BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to automated downhole tools that are remotely movable between a primary and a secondary position. Particularly, the invention relates to computer control of automated downhole tools using an interactive computer touch-screen to facilitate use of a control system that operates the tools. More particularly, the invention relates to a means of monitoring the operation of the downhole tools using computer software to compare variables to known standards. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   In oil and gas wells, hydrocarbons are collected from at least one wellbore formed in the earth by drilling. In some cases, the wellbore is lined with steel pipe called casing or liner that is perforated at a given location to permit the inflow of hydrocarbons. In other instances, the wellbores are left unlined or “open” to facilitate the collection of hydrocarbons along a relatively long length of the wellbore. When hydrocarbons are collected at different locations within the well, it is useful to control the inflow of the fluid between the different points along the wellbore in order to take advantage of changing wellbore conditions. For example, inflow devices with adjustable sleeves can be placed at different, isolated locations in a tubular string. The sleeves in these devices have apertures formed therethrough that can be placed in or out of alignment with mating apertures in the body of the tool. By adjusting the relative position of the apertures, the sleeves can permit a varying amount of fluid to pass into a production stream for collection at the surface. The ability to control inflow is especially important along a wellbore where the make up of the incoming fluid can change over time. For example, if an unacceptable amount of water begins flowing into production tubing at a certain location, an inflow device at that location can be partially or completely closed, thereby preventing the water from entering the production stream. 
   Some prior art inflow devices require the sleeves to be set at the surface of the well based upon a prediction about the wellbore conditions. After run-in, changing the position of the devices requires them to be completely removed from the well along with the string of tubulars upon which they are installed. More recently, the inflow devices have been made to operate remotely using hydraulic fluid transported in a control line or some electrical means to shift them between positions. In the most advanced applications known as “Intelligent Completions”, the devices are computer controlled, permitting them to be operated according to a computer program. 
   A typical computer-controlled apparatus for the operation of downhole inflow devices includes a keyboard that is connected to a computer; solenoid-controlled valves that open to permit control fluid to travel down to the device in the wellbore; a pump; a source of control fluid; and at least two fluid lines traveling downhole to a fluid powered controller that determines which of the more than one hydraulic/mechanical inflow device is supplied with the control fluid. Typically, the controller includes some type of keyable member that can align or misalign fluid ports connected to the devices therebelow. Each such device has at least one fluid line extending from the fluid controller, but may require a multiplicity of fluid lines. The fluid lines provide fluid to the device and a path for return fluid back to the surface. In one arrangement, the computer at the surface provides a source of fluid at a relatively low pressure that can shift an internal valve mechanism in the controller in order to set up a particular alignment of ports to supply control fluid to the proper downhole device. Once the fluid controller is properly arranged, control fluid is provided at a second, higher pressure to the particular device in order to move a shiftable sleeve from its initial position to a second position. In this manner, each device can be operated and separate control lines for each device need not extend back to the surface. 
   While the computers have made the devices much more useful in wells, there are some realities with computer equipment at well locations that make their use difficult and prone to error. For example, personnel at a well are not typically trained to operate computer keyboards and even the most straightforward commands must be entered with the keyboard, posing opportunities for error. Even the use of a computer mouse requires precise movements that are difficult in a drilling or production environment. Additionally, environmental conditions at a well include heat, dirt, and grime that can foul computer equipment like a keyboard and shorten its life in a location where replacement parts and computer technicians are scarce. 
   Another issue related to computer-controlled equipment is confirming that the orders given to a downhole device via computer have actually been carried out. For example, in computer-controlled systems, a command is given for a downhole tool to move from one position to another. Ultimately, the software command is transmitted into some mechanical movement within the tool. While there might be a computer-generated confirmation that the command has been given, there is no real way of immediately knowing that the prescribed physical action has taken place. In some instances, movement within a tool is confirmed by monitoring the well production to determine if the flow has been affected by the closing of an inflow device. This type of confirmation however, is time consuming and uncertain. 
   There is a need therefore for a computer control system that is easier to use when operating automated downhole tools in a wellbore. There is a further need for an apparatus and method of quickly and easily ensuring the automated computer commands to downhole equipment have been carried out. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The present invention generally includes a computer-controlled apparatus for use in wellbore completions. A touch-screen is provided that facilitates commands and information that is entered by an operator ordering movement of a downhole tool. In another embodiment, real-time information about the status of the downhole tools is transmitted to the apparatus based upon operating variables within the system, like pressure, flow rate, total flow, and time. 
   In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of operating one or more downhole devices in a wellbore. The method includes disposing the one or more devices in the wellbore, the one or more devices having at least an open and a closed position. Also, a signal is provided to the one or more devices to move the one or more devices between the open and the closed position. Preferably, the signal is computer generated based upon an operator&#39;s interaction with a touch screen. 
   In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of monitoring operation of a downhole tool. The method includes providing a signal to the downhole tool, whereby the signal causes the tool to move between an initial and a second position. Additionally, the method includes monitoring variables within a fluid power system to confirm the position of the downhole tool, the variables including at least one of pressure, time, total flow, or flow rate. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments. 
       FIG. 1  is a section view of a wellbore showing some components making up an intelligent completion apparatus. 
       FIGS. 2-7  are touch screens representing various steps in the operation of the control apparatus of the present invention. 
       FIG. 8  is another embodiment of a touch screen for operating a control apparatus. 
       FIGS. 9-11  are touch screens showing the status of the controller. 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   The present invention relates to automated downhole equipment and its control using a touch-screen at the surface of the well to input commands and information. The invention further relates to a quick, simple and reliable means to ensure that computer generated commands to operate downhole tools are successfully carried out. 
     FIGS. 2-7  referred to in this application illustrate a touch-screen. A basic touch-screen system is made up of three components: a touch sensor, controller, and software driver. The sensor is a clear panel, which when touched, registers a voltage change that is sent to the controller. The controller processes this signal and passes the touch event data to the PC through a bus interface, be it a bus-card, serial, USB, infrared, or wireless. The software driver takes this data and translates the touch events into mouse events. 
   Resistive LCD touch screen monitors, such as the ones intended by the inventors, rely on a touch overlay, which is composed of a flexible top layer and a rigid bottom layer separated by insulating dots, attached to a touch-screen controller. The inside surface of each of the two layers is coated with a transparent metal oxide coating (ITO) that facilitates a gradient across each layer when voltage is applied. Pressing the flexible top sheet creates electrical contact between the resistive layers, producing a switch closing in the circuit. The control electronics alternate voltage between the layers and pass the resulting X and Y touch coordinates to the touch-screen controller. The touch-screen controller data is then passed on to the computer operating system for processing. 
   Resistive touch-screen technology possesses many advantages over other alternative touch-screen technologies (acoustic wave, capacitive, Near Field Imaging, infrared). Highly durable, resistive touch-screens are less susceptible to contaminants that easily infect acoustic wave touch-screens. In addition, resistive touch-screens are less sensitive to the effects of severe scratches that would incapacitate capacitive touch-screens. For industrial applications like well production, resistive touch-screens are more cost-effective solutions than near field imaging touch-screens. Because of its versatility and cost-effectiveness, resistive touch-screen technology is the touch technology of choice for many markets and applications. 
     FIG. 1  is a partial section view of a wellbore  5  showing the components that might be typically used with the present invention. The components (described from the upper wellbore to the lower end thereof) include hydraulic control lines  11  that carry fluid to and from components. A production packer  15  seals an annular area  20  between production tubing  25  and the wall of casing  30  therearound. Below the production packer  15  is the downhole controller  100  referred to as a “hydraulically controlled addressing unit” that is used to control one of various downhole, inflow devices  110 ,  120 ,  130 . Below the controller  100  and above a zonal isolation packer  115 , is an inflow device  110  referred to in  FIG. 1  as a remotely operated sliding sleeve (ROSS). The sleeve  110  is of the type described herein with a sliding member that determines the inflow of fluid into the production tubing  25 . In this embodiment, two additional inflow devices  120 ,  130  are disposed in the wellbore  5 . Each of the sleeves  110 ,  120 ,  130  is located in its own isolated section of the wellbore  5 , and each includes a set of sleeve control cables  111 ,  121 ,  131  extending back upwards to the controller  100 . Casing perforations  70  are shown that form a fluid path from the formation around the wellbore  5  into the inflow devices  110 ,  120 ,  130 . It is understood that the inflow devices  110 ,  120 ,  130  may also be operated to regulate the outflow of fluids from the production tubing  25 . 
   In the preferred embodiment, the controller  100  is adapted to control all of the inflow devices  110 ,  120 ,  130 . As shown, the controller  100  is designed to control all three inflow devices. Particularly, information or instructions from the touch screen may initially be transmitted to the controller  100 . In turn, the information or instruction causes an actuating member in the controller  100  to move relative to a park position. As will be discussed below, the actuating member will position itself such that the control lines  11  will align with the sleeve control lines of the selected inflow sleeve  110 ,  120 ,  130  for operation thereof. According to aspects of the present invention, the control cables  111 ,  121 ,  131  of the inflow devices  110 ,  120 ,  130  need only connect to the controller  100 , which is also located in the wellbore  5 . In this respect, it is not necessary to run control lines for each inflow device all the way to the surface, thereby reducing the number of control lines to the surface. In addition to hydraulic control lines, the inventors also contemplate using electric lines, fiber optics, cable, wireless, mechanical or other means known to a person of ordinary skill in the art to communicate or transmit information or instruction between the touch screen, controller  100 , and the inflow devices  110 ,  120 ,  130 . For example, after election is made on the touch screen, a fiber optics signal may be transmitted to the controller  100  via a fiber optics cable. 
     FIG. 2  shows the touch-screen  200  that is located at the surface of the well and is used to control the position of the inflow devices  110 ,  120 ,  130  as well as to monitor operating characteristics and input information. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the touch-screen  200  includes an icon  210 ,  220 ,  230  representing each downhole device  110 ,  120 ,  130  that is controlled from the surface. In the example of  FIG. 2 , there are three downhole inflow devices, each having an adjustable sliding sleeve that is manipulatable from the surface of the well via commands given at the touch-screen  200 . The devices  110 ,  120 ,  130  are labeled “ROSS 1,” “ROSS 2,” and “ROSS 3,” respectively. In  FIG. 2 , the touch screen system is in “stand-by mode” waiting for instructions. Additionally, the status of the inflow devices is “closed.” 
   In operation, an operator may initially touch a decision screen, e.g.,  FIG. 2 , to indicate a desire to operate the inflow devices. For example, the operator may touch the icon  210  for the first device (“ROSS 1”)  110  to indicate a desire to send a command to the first device  110 . In another embodiment, the screen  200  could be operated through a wireless remote device utilizing an infrared light source or any other means well known in the art to send commands to a receiver located at a computer. 
   After the initial selection, another screen  300 , shown in  FIG. 3 , prompts the operator to confirm his decision to operate the first inflow device  110 . To confirm, the operator may touch the screen  300  where indicated. 
   After a response is received, the touch screen  400 , as shown in  FIG. 4 , will illustrate the corresponding operation of the fluid controller  100  to align the control lines  11  to the sleeve control lines  111  of the first inflow device  110 . In this respect, a pump at the surface provides a first, low pressure to rotate the actuating member of the controller  110 . In this manner, the actuating member is rotated to align the control line  11  with the sleeve control lines  111 , thereby placing the fluid ports of the pump in fluid communication with the inflow device  110 . As indicated on the screen  400 , the “Selected HCAU Operation” is to “Open ROSS 1”  110 . Additionally, the screen  400  also indicates that the “Current HCAU State” is “Operating Secondary,” which refers to moving the actuating member of the controller  100  into position to align the control line  11  with the sleeve control line  111 . Operational variables shown on this information screen  400  include outlet flow rate  405  in cc/sec, return flow rate  410 , time elapsed during the operation  415 , and fluid pressure  420 . As will be discussed later, the successful alignment of the ports to the inflow device  110  is assured based upon changing conditions in the fluid control system. For example, pressure increases and flow rate decreases in the outlet flow line when the movable member in the controller  100  has moved to its proper position and stopped. 
   After the control line  11  is aligned with the sleeve control line  111 , the system is ready to open the first inflow device  110 . However, the next screen  500 , shown in  FIG. 5 , asks the operator to confirm his desire to operate the first inflow device  110 . Alternatively, the screen  500  also allows the operator to return the controller to the “Stand-by mode.” 
   After confirmation by touching the screen  500 , the pump at the surface of the well provides fluid at a second, higher pressure. The next screen  600 , shown in  FIG. 6 , is another information screen showing an increase in fluid pressure as the pump provides fluid at the higher pressure to manipulate a sliding sleeve in the first inflow device  110 . As indicated on the screen  600 , the “Current HCAU State” has changed to “Operating ROSS 1,” which refers to the opening of the first inflow device  110 . In one embodiment, the pressure needed to operate the controller  100 , i.e., move the actuating member, is between 200-1000 psi. Pressure exceeding 1000 psi is then required to operate the first inflow device  110 . Real-time display shows the increasing, operating and decreasing pressures and flow rates associated with the operation of the first inflow device  110  between an initial and a secondary position. In this example, the first inflow device  110  is moved from a closed to an open position. Although separately operating the controller and the inflow device is disclosed herein, it is also contemplated that the inflow device may be operated by supplying only one pressure to the controller. 
   After the first inflow device  110  is opened, another screen  700 , shown in  FIG. 7 , shows that the icon  210  of the first inflow device  110  now indicates that the first inflow device  110  is open. Additionally, the screen  700  also indicates that the system has returned to a standby mode for commencement of another operation that opens or closes inflow devices  110 ,  120 ,  130 . 
   Throughout the automated operations described above, the conditions within the fluid power system can be constantly monitored and compared to standards in order to spot malfunctions or operational characteristics that are outside of a preprogrammed value. For example, if the pressure or flow rate of the fluid operating the controller or an inflow device should drop unexpectedly during an operation, the operator can be alerted of the condition via a warning screen. The condition can mean a fluid leak at either a line or a device and action can be quickly taken to address the problem. Similarly, if an operation is not completed during a preprogrammed time limit necessary for that operation, an operator can be alerted of the condition and take appropriate action. These and other warnings are possible based upon the ability to constantly monitor pressure, flow rate and other variables within the automated system. 
     FIG. 8  shows another embodiment of a touch screen  800  according to aspects of the present invention. In this embodiment, the wellbore  5  is provided with three inflow devices  110 ,  120 ,  130  located in three different zones of the wellbore  5 . Each of the inflow devices  110 ,  120 ,  130  is represented by a respective icon  810 ,  820 ,  830  on the screen  800 . As shown, the screen  800  is in stand-by mode. The inflow device icons  810 ,  820 ,  830  may be selected to operate the desired inflow device. If necessary, the controller  100  may be returned to the park position by selecting the tell-tale icon  840 . The screen  800  also includes a controller icon  850 . The controller icon  850  may be selected to view the status of the controller  100 . 
     FIG. 9  represents an information screen  900  that is provided when the controller icon  850  is selected. As shown, the controller  100  is in the park position  905  or the “Tell-Tale” position. The modes of operation of the controller  100  is arranged to represent the position of the actuating member. 
     FIG. 10  represents an information screen  1000  that shows the second inflow device  820  as being open. Specifically, the indicator bar  915  extends from the “tell-tale” position to the open position of the second inflow device  820 . This represents that the actuating member of the controller  100  has moved to a position that aligns the control  11  with the sleeve control line  121  of the second inflow device  820 . 
     FIG. 11  represents an information screen  1100  that shows the third inflow device  830  is closed. From the open position of the second inflow device  820 , an operator may elect to open the closed third inflow device  830 . Specifically, the operator may return to the previous touch screen and select the third inflow device icon. Thereafter, the operator may press the controller icon  850  to return to the controller information screen  1100  to view the status of the controller  100 . Once selected, a second indicator bar  925  will extend from the previous position to the “close” position of the third inflow device  830 . The second indicator bar  925  represents that a second operation was performed, i.e., closing the third inflow device  830 . In this manner, the controller  100  may be operated to control the inflow and outflow of the various inflow devices. 
   It must be noted that aspects of the present invention may be applied to operate one or more inflow devices. The inflow devices may include any suitable inflow or outflow device known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, the one or more inflow devices may be adapted to control the flow of fluid in one or more isolated zones in a wellbore. The wellbore may include a deviated or non-deviated wellbore, a single or multilateral wellbore, or any other types of wellbore known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. 
   While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. For example, while the invention has been described for use with inflow devices having slidable sleeves, it will be understood that the invention can be used with any downhole tool that might benefit from computer control and/or real time monitoring.