Abstract:
Method for rollover detection for automotive vehicles with safety-related devices, such as roll bars, (side) airbags and seat-belt tensioners.  
     In a known method according to DE 196 09 717 A1, in which an angular rate sensor measures the angular velocity in each case around the vertical axis (yaw axis), the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis (pitch axis) of the vehicle, a rollover is detected when at least one of the measured angular velocities exceeds a defined threshold value (limit value). This publication further proposes calculating the rotational energy of the vehicle from the angular velocities, and indicating an impending rollover when the rotational energy exceeds a defined threshold. However, the disadvantage of this method is that false decisions cannot be excluded, when for example the vehicle is traveling over steep terrain or is subject to slow rolling motions while traveling around curves, especially into steep curves.  
     According to the invention, starting from the initial position angle indicating the initial position of the vehicle, the integrated angular rate signal—as angle of rotation—is added so that the value proportional to the momentary inclination angle (in relation to the horizontal plane) can be compared to a trigger threshold which is a function of the angular rate. A safety-related device is triggered if this trigger threshold is exceeded by the cumulative value.

Description:
BACKGROUND  
         [0001]    1. Field of the invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to a method for rollover detection for automotive vehicles with safety-related devices, in which the angular velocity of rolling or rotary motions around the longitudinal axis (roll-axis) of the vehicle are measured by means of a gyrosensor.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the related Technolooy  
           [0004]    A method for rollover detection is known from DE  19 C  09   717  A 1 , in which, in each case an angular rate sensor measures the angular velocity around the vertical axis (yaw axis), the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis (pitch axis) of the vehicle, and detects a rollover when at least one of the measured angular velocities exceeds a defined threshold value (limiting value). Furthermore, this publication proposes calculating the rotational energy of the vehicle from the angular velocities, and indicating an impending rollover when the rotational energy exceeds a defined threshold. However, the disadvantage of this method is that false decisions cannot be excluded, when for example the vehicle is traveling over steep terrain, is subject to slow rolling motions while traveling around curves or fast rolling motions, especially when entering steep curves.  
           [0005]    In order to avoid such false decisions in the rollover detection, in DE 19744 084 it is proposed to determine the initial position, that is the starting position of the vehicle, by measuring the accelerations of the vehicle in the directions of its vertical axis (yaw axis). longitudinal axis and transverse axis (pitch axis) in order to be able to calculate from them the initial position angle, that is the starting position angle. This initial position angle is used as an integration constant for integrating measured angular rates, for example around the longitudinal axis, to determine the current position angle of the vehicle The implementation of this known method is expensive because it requires a large number of sensors—three acceleration sensors and at least one angular rate sensor. Apart from that, the reliability of this method needs improvement because the threshold value cannot be specified in such a manner that all the rollover scenarios which occur (that is fast and slow rollovers, driving through a steep curve or driving along a screw ramp with a subsequent rollover) are detected with certainty and reliability.  
           [0006]    A method for detecting a rollover in which only one inclination sensor and one angular rate sensor are used is known from WO 9950103. In this known method, a safety-related device is triggered when both the signal from the angular rate sensor and the signal from the inclination sensor exceed their defined threshold values. Because only the angular velocity, taking into consideration the angular position of the vehicle, is used for detecting a rollover, only fast rollovers can be detected in good time with this arrangement, not however, slow, so-called quasi-static rollovers.  
           [0007]    Finally, a safety system for automotive vehicles with an electronic arrangement for controlling at least one safety-related device in case of an automotive vehicle rollover is known from EP 0 430 813 B1. This safety system contains a gyrometer (angular rate sensor or gyrosensor) which measures the rotational velocity of the rolling motion, and accelerometers for measuring the acceleration values in the directions of the vertical, longitudinal and transverse axes in order to calculate from them a value proportional to the inclination angle in the transverse direction etc. When a threshold value is exceeded by this last-mentioned value, the signals coming from the gyrometer and from the acceleration sensors are evaluated by the electronics arrangement which controls the triggering of the safety-related device by integrating the angular rate signal during a defined time window. This simply prevents the integration overflowing.  
           [0008]    The primary disadvantage of the triggering algorithm used in this safety system is that, as well as the signals of the angular rate sensor, other signals are required to prevent the integration overflowing, namely signals from acceleration sensors which simply serve the purpose of enabling the angular rate sensor signals to be evaluated, but which result in high manufacturing costs for the overall system. A further known disadvantage is that the evaluation of the angular rate signal does not take into consideration the automotive vehicle position, that is the starting position angle in relation to the horizontal plane.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0009]    The object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting rollovers in automotive vehicles which avoids the above-mentioned disadvantages, that is it can be implemented economically, but is nevertheless highly reliable, both in respect of detecting a rollover in good time as well as in excluding false triggering.  
           [0010]    According to the present invention, this object is achieved such that, starting from the position angle indicating the initial position of the vehicle, the integrated angular rate signal—as angle of rotation—is added so that the amount of this value proportional to the momentary inclination angle (in relation to the horizontal plane) can be compared with a trigger threshold which is a function of the angular rate. If this trigger threshold is exceeded by the summation value, a safety-related device is triggered, for example a roll bar, seat-belt tensioners and possibly a plurality of airbags.  
           [0011]    In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, additional dynamic motion variables of the vehicle are recorded, these may preferably be accelerations in the directions of the vertical axis, transverse axis and the inclination in relation to the horizontal position in the transverse direction, and their plausibility, that is their self-consistency, evaluated. If these values are intrinsically self-consistent, from the acceleration values, the current inclination angle or, if the sensor generating the initial position signal is used as an inclination sensor, its value as a current inclination angle is used as the starting variable of the integration of the angular rate signal and the integral is reset to zero at the same time. However, if these values are not assessed as self-consistent, then the calculated inclination angle is reduced to an assessed value, and this assessed value is used as the starting variable of the integration of the angular rate signal, in which, here again, the integral is reset to zero before this assessed value is taken over.  
           [0012]    With an integration of the angular rate performed over a longer period, errors and deviations from the actual angle of rotation are taken into account and avoided, so that the reliability of the method is further increased.  
           [0013]    The value zero is preferably taken as the assessed value for the current inclination angle, or the value of the last inclination angle determined from the dynamic motion variables which was assessed as being self-consistent. In which the calculated current inclination angle can be returned in stages to the assessed value in successive time segments, or this can take place continuously over a defined time segment.  
           [0014]    This return eliminates several sources of error. So, on the one hand, the drift velocity (i.e. the stability of the quiescent value) of the gyrosensor is taken into account by selecting the time segments according to the magnitude of this drift velocity, preferably in the order of minutes, and, on the other hand, inertial forces resulting from dynamic processes may falsify the values of sensors which indicate the level of a fluid, and thus respond correspondingly slowly, or lead to a “spill over” in the case of short and sharp accelerations in their direction of sensitivity, or as acceleration sensors measured values generated under fast motions (for example in the Z and Y directions) do not permit a sufficiently exact calculation of an inclination because of the inertial forces occurring Finally, when driven along a bumpy track, the minor inclination fluctuations which occur must be prevented from being integrated to form a critical value. The plausibility test only accepts a measured value as a value proportional to the inclination angle if all the sensors&#39; measured values are in defined, self-consistent relations to one another.  
           [0015]    Preferably, the vertical acceleration a z  and, if applicable, the lateral acceleration a y  can also be measured as dynamic motion variables—if the inclination is to be calculated from them—and the value for the inclination angle α supplied by the initial position sensor (more precisely: the value proportional to this). The a z  and a y  values supplied by the acceleration sensors and the a values generated by this inclination sensor, or the values calculated for the Current inclination angle on the basis of the a z  and a y  values are tested for plausibility, i.e. for self-consistency. The advantage of these measures is that more accurate information about the current inclination angle can be generated, this then forms the integration constant for the angular rate signal which significantly increases the reliability. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES  
       [0016]    An embodiment according to the method of the invention is explained in detail in the following and illustrated by the figures.  
         [0017]    They show:  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 1 A block diagram of a safety system for performing the method according to the invention with an angular rate sensor.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 2 ω/α graph of equation (2) as theoretical rollover curve,  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 3 A flow diagram for the software implementation of the safety system according to FIG. 1,  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 4 A section of the flow diagram according to FIG. 3 which states concrete dynamic variables for performing a plausibility test, and  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 5 A flow diagram for performing a plausibility test with the variables ω x , a z  and α.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0023]    [0023]FIG. 1 shows, as an embodiment of the method according to the invention, a safety system for automotive vehicles with an ignition stage  9  for triggering a safety-related device, such as roll bar, seat-belt tensioner or (side) airbags. This safety system comprises an angular rate sensor or gyrosensor  1 , which generates a signal proportional to the angular velocity ω x  (angular rate) around the longitudinal axis (X-axis) of the vehicle, which is fed to a function block  4  for calculating the angle of rotation integral ∫ω x dt, a function block  6  for generating a trigger threshold value S(ω) according to the formula α tlp -k|ω| and a function block  7  for the plausibility test. Whereby the vehicle-specific constant k is matched to the vehicle concerned, in which this is determined, for example, from concrete crash signatures of a specific vehicle type and/or has been determined through experiments with this vehicle type. This constant k may also be variably set as a function of the vehicle state and/or from the crash sequence, that is as a function of the measured α and/or ω values. For example, k might be reduced if large α or ω values suddenly occur and the trigger threshold value S(ω) is thus lowered in order to ensure early triggering of the safety-related device if there is a fast rollover. Furthermore, prior α and/or ω values, that is the prior history of the vehicle state and/or a crash sequence, may be included. In this way, low α or ω values which have been present for a long time could lower the constant k with a consequent lowering of the trigger threshold value S(ω) in order to ensure reliable triggering even when the vehicle is turning over slowly. If the course of the prior ω values and/or signal components (for example, a z  or a y ) of additional sensors enables a conclusion to be made about the wheels rebounding, this can be interpreted as the start of a rollover and lead to adaptation of the constant k, in that it is reduced.  
         [0024]    Furthermore, an initial position sensor  2  is provided which generates a signal α o  proportional to the inclination of the transverse axis (Y-axis) of the vehicle in relation to the horizontal plane which is passed on to a function block  5  for generating an integration constant α start . Finally, additional sensors  3  are provided for detecting additional dynamic vehicle states, such as acceleration sensors in the direction of the vertical axis (Z-axis) and, if applicable, the transverse axis (Y-axis) whose measured values a z  and a y  and the signal α c  of the initial Position sensor  2  are fed to the function block  7 , whose function is described below.  
         [0025]    The output signals of the function blocks  4  and  5  are summated to a value α curr,calc  proportional to the current inclination angle in the transverse direction of the vehicle with a summator  13  according to the formula 
         ∫ω x   dt+α   start , with α start =α o   (1) 
         [0026]    and fed to the non-inverting input of a comparator  8  via an absolute value device  15 . The trigger threshold value S(ω) generated by the function block  6  is present at the inverting input of the comparator  8 .  
         [0027]    As soon as the absolute amount of the calculated value α curr,calc  at the comparator  8  exceeds the trigger threshold value S(ω), the H signal generated by the comparator  8  is fed to the ignition stage  9  to trigger a safety-related device which is not shown here.  
         [0028]    The formula for calculating the trigger threshold value, which has already been given above, 
           S(ω)=α   tip   −k|ω|,   (2) 
         [0029]    with a vehicle-specific constant k represents a theoretical rollover curve of a vehicle whose Ω/α graph is shown in FIG. 2 with the reference number  1 . In which |ω| represents the amount of the rotational velocity of the rolling motion which occurs in the case of an impending vehicle rollover in relation to its X-axis and |α| the amount of the inclination angle in the Y direction of the vehicle. The ω/α graph divides the first quadrant into two fields, which on one side concern vehicle states with ω/α combinations which should lead to triggering of a safety-related device, that is fire scenarios, and on the other side represent no-fire scenarios, whose ω/α combinations should not lead to triggering of the safety-related device. The ω limit , 0 combination and 0, α tip  combination represent a boundary state of a vehicle with a rotational velocity ω limit  in relation to the X-axis and an inclination angle of 0° and/or with a rotational velocity 0 and an inclination angle (static tipping angle) α tip  which leads to a rollover. These parameters are vehicle-specific and therefore have to be determined for each vehicle type.  
         [0030]    As well as the rollover curve  1 , FIG. 2 also shows three rollover scenarios with the curves  2 ,  3  and  4 . Curve  2  shows the course of a rollover which starts with a high initial velocity, whereas in curve  3  the vehicle is driven onto a screw ramp and then rolls over. Curve  4  represents a quasi-static rollover in which the vehicle reaches the static tipping angle with an angular velocity of almost zero and then rolls over.  
         [0031]    For the plausibility test, the above-mentioned function block  7  tests tile measured values generated on the basis of the ω x  values supplied from the angular rate sensor  1  and the a z  values supplied by the acceleration sensors  3  and, if applicable, a y  values from the initial position sensor  2 , which is used as an inclination sensor (therefore referred to as an inclination sensor in the following), or, if applicable, the angles calculated on the basis of the a z  and a y  values for plausibility, that is for self-consistency. The advantage of this measure is that more accurate information about the current inclination angle can be generated. That is, if a plausible, that is self-consistent value α curr  is present, then this value α curr  is released via a line  11  connecting the function group  7  to the function group  5 , and which at the same time resets the angle of rotation integral ∫ω x dt via a line SO to function group  4  with the consequence that this value is set by the function group  5  as the starting angle α start  and thus serves as integration constant for the angle of rotation integral ∫ω x dt generated by the function group  4 , and the most accurate value possible α curr,calc  can be calculated at the summator  13  in order to prevent triggering in no-fire scenarios with high reliability.  
         [0032]    The plausibility test therefore only accepts a measured value α curr  proportional to the current inclination angle of the vehicle generated by the inclination sensor  2  as such if all measured values of the other sensors involved are in defined self-consistent relations, and fulfill specific criteria, such as are shown below in connection with the explanation of FIG. 5.  
         [0033]    The plausibility test can detect a “false” measured value of the inclination sensor, so that the starting angle α start  is reduced to an assessed value α ass . This assessed value α ass  is fed to the function group  5  via a line  12 , while at the same time the angle of rotation integral ∫ω x dt is also reset via the already mentioned line  10 . The value zero or the last value recognized as plausible can be used as the assessed value.  
         [0034]    The risk of indicating a “false” value arises from, for example, the physical principle of conventional inclination sensors. Thus there are sensors which indicate the level of a fluid, and if there is a short, sharp acceleration in their direction of sensitivity this leads to an “overspill” and they may then indicate a value which is too high. Inertial forces acting on acceleration sensors can also lead to inexact measured values which make a plausibility test necessary.  
         [0035]    Furthermore, the plausibility test should also correct fundamental errors occurring in the integration. Namely, on the one hand, the angle of rotation α curr  calculated by integration increasingly deviates from the actual angle of rotation with an increasing length of time as a result of error tolerances and, on the other hand, there is a risk when driving over uneven terrain, for example a bumpy track, that the low integration values ensuing therethrough are integrated with an increasing length of time and thus simulate an inclination.  
         [0036]    The processing steps to be taken by a microprocessor with a software implementation of the safety system according to FIG. 1 are shown in the flow diagram shown in FIG. 3. According to this, after the start (step  1 ), the signals of the angular rate sensor are first recorded ω x  values and digitized. A similar process takes place in step S 2  in respect of the initial position signal α o . The angle of rotation integral ∫ω x dt is then calculated in step S 3 , the summation for generating the value α curr,calc  by means of formula (1) and α start =α o  in step S 4 , and the trigger threshold value S(ω x ) by means of formula (2) in step S 5 , and subsequently the value α curr,calc  is compared with the trigger threshold value S(ω x ) (step S 6 ).  
         [0037]    If this trigger threshold value S(ω x ) is exceeded, a safety-related device is triggered in step S 7 , for example a seat-belt tensioner, a side airbag or a roll bar. If the value α curr,calc  remains below this trigger threshold value S(ω x ), the method continues with steps S 8  and S 9 . These processing steps S 8  and S 9  can also follow the trigger step S 7 , for example to ensure that if another crash situation occurs, that is a so-called consequent crash, another safety-related device can be triggered.  
         [0038]    The additional dynamic state variables of the vehicle measured in step  8  are subjected in step  9  to the plausibility test, which has already been described above. If these variables can be assessed as intrinsically self-consistent, then the value for the current vehicle inclination angle α curr  can be determined from them in step S 10  and this now serves as the initial value for the integration of the ω x  value in step S 3 , in which this integral was previously reset to the value zero and α curr  is defined as α o  (step S 11 ). The method continues by measuring the ω x  value (step S 1 ) and directly afterwards calculates the angle of rotation integral according to step S 3 , in which the measurement of the initial position (step S 2 ) is naturally omitted.  
         [0039]    If the result of the plausibility test according to step S 9  is negative, then the calculated current value α curr,calc  is returned to an assessed value α ass  (step S 13 ). This assessed value α ass  then defines the value α o , so that the method is continued with step  12  together with resetting the angle of rotation integral ∫ω x dt to the value zero.  
         [0040]    According to FIG. 4, the acceleration in the direction of the vertical axis (Z-axis) of the vehicle and the value α of the inclination sensor  2  (step SS) are used as additional dynamic state variables. These variables, together with the value ω x  measured by the gyrosensor  1 , are tested for self-consistency in the manner shown in FIG. 5, that is whether the value α measured by the inclination sensor can be taken as plausible.  
         [0041]    According to this flow diagram, the ω x  value is first checked to see whether it remains below a defined threshold S ω  in order to exclude, for example, “false” values resulting from the inertia of the fluid in an inclination sensor (step S 91 ).  
         [0042]    According to step S 92 , the rate of change of velocity of the ω x  value may also not exceed a defined threshold S dω , If this threshold is exceeded, this means that the effect of inertial forces may lead to a “false” measured value.  
         [0043]    According to step S 93 , a, values must not be inconsistent with the conditions of a stable and normal vehicle state, therefore the a z  value may neither be too small—because otherwise ground undulations are recorded or there is a large inclination angle—nor too large, because then potholes will be recorded or a steep turn is being driven through. The thresholds S np  and S nu  are therefore defined on the basis of vehicle data and experiments, taking the measurement tolerances of the a z  sensor into consideration.  
         [0044]    The condition according to step S 94  is used to test whether the vehicle is being driven over a bumpy surface. To do this, the a z  values are filtered with a high-pass or band-pass filter (in the kHz range) and the result of these filtered values is compared with a threshold S m . If this threshold is exceeded, there is a bumpy surface, in which case the inclination sensor could supply “false” values.  
         [0045]    Step S 95  also tests whether the rate of change of velocity of the value α supplied by the inclination sensor, which is measured at a threshold S dzr  is too high, because then forces act on the vehicle which cause the fluid in the inclination sensor to wobble, which results in the generation of “false” values.  
         [0046]    Finally, a check is made to see whether the value α is consistent with the a z  value measured by the acceleration sensor in the Z-direction (step S 96 ), because the last named value must approximately correspond to cos α.  
         [0047]    If all the conditions in steps S 91  to S 96  are present, then the value α supplied by the inclination sensor is assessed as plausible (step S 97 ). If, on the contrary, one of these conditions is not fulfilled then this value is assessed as implausible (step (S 98 ). It is obvious that, in the context of the plausibility test, neither all the tests listed in FIG. 5 need to be performed nor can still further test conditions be made  
         [0048]    In the case of a plausibility test producing a negative result, returning to an assessed value α ass  can be done in various ways. Firstly, the value zero can be used as the assessed value α ass  above all if a very long time has elapsed since the last value α was assessed as plausible. Alternatively, the last value a assessed as being plausible can be used as the assessed value α ass .  
         [0049]    The current calculated value α curr,calc  may also be returned to the assessed value α ass  in various ways. For example, the return may take place immediately or after a delay, in one step or in stages at successive time intervals, that is both the starting angle α start  in the direction of the assessed value as well as the angle of rotation integral ∫ω x dt in the direction of the value zero, as well as continuously over a defined period of time. The time intervals thereby selected are determined according to the drift velocity of the gyrosensor used (corresponds to the stability of the quiescent value) and ranges in the order of minutes and/or according to the value of the resolution of the measurement.