Abstract:
A remote intrusion detection radio appliance includes a housing having a passive motion detector and related circuitry to monitor and warn of unwanted intrusions, by operating an external radio unit or cellular telephone plugged into the appliance. The appliance, when activated, broadcasts an audio output and then monitors an area in which it is located by audio and/or video for an intruder.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation of pending provisional application Ser. No. 60/266,504 filed on Feb. 6, 2001. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates generally to detection systems, and more particularly, to a remote intrusion detection radio appliance device for use by law enforcement and other security personnel. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Numerous types of security systems are known: examples of such a system are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,657,076, which uses an unspecified detector to monitor one or more areas, and if triggered, to switch a video signal onto a TV set. A further security system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,638,046, which uses a passive infrared motion sensor connected to an RF transmitter which sends encoded data to a remote receiver. The use of encoded data precludes the use of certain radios, such as FRS, and the system is restricted by FCC licensing and/or range limitations. 
     Another known system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,572,201, which uses a transmitter to broadcast emergency information in the FM band, temporarily overriding radio signals received by the public. 
     A still further alert system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,546,072, which uses multiple radio transmitters and multiple unspecified sensors to provide security for a large area. Data is transmitted on an RF carrier, and a direction finding technique is employed to determine which location is affected. This is a far more ambitious and costly system than the system of the present invention and not readily used by law enforcement or security personnel. 
     Other known systems are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,534,851, 5,440,292, 5,019,802, 4,949,075, 4,511,887 and 4,121,200. 
     While the foregoing described prior art provides some improvement in the security system area, there remains the need in the art for an easy-to-use and less costly device for use by law enforcement and other security personnel to detect intruders, at a reasonable price. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to provide an improved intrusion detection radio appliance. It is a particular object of the present invention to provide an improved remote intrusion detection radio appliance. It is a still more particular object of the present invention to provide an improved remote intrusion detection radio appliance using one or more passive infrared motion detectors. It is yet a more particular object of the present invention to provide an improved remote intrusion detection radio appliance for use by law enforcement and other security personnel. It is a still further particular object of the present invention to provide an improved remote intrusion detection radio appliance that may be conveniently mounted on a flat surface or secured to a wall or other flat surface. And, it is yet a still further object of the present invention to provide an improved remote intrusion detection radio appliance that provides intrusion monitoring and remote detection, in a low-cost manner, and which can broadcast an audio or video signal through a separate broadcast unit, such as a radio or cell phone, and then monitor an area for the presence of an intruder. 
     In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a remote unit that may be supported on a flat surface and which has a securable backing means for securing to a flat surface. The remote unit has a passive infrared motion detector, which, upon sensing motion, broadcasts a signal over a separate radio unit or cell phone plugged into a socket in the remote unit for reception by law enforcement or other security personnel. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The objects and features of the present invention, which are believed to be novel, are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present invention, both as to organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the intrusion detection unit of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the intrusion detection unit of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view, taken along line  3 — 3  of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 4 is a top elevational view of FIG. 2; and 
     FIGS. 5-7 are schematic representations of the preferred internal circuitry used in the unit of FIG.  1 . 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to be able to use the invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventors for carry out their invention. Various modifications, however, will remain readily apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principals of the present invention have been defined herein, specifically to provide for an improved intrusion detection unit  10 . 
     The intrusion detection unit  10  of the present invention may use any desired components, with the elements thereof made from any desired material. 
     As best shown in FIGS. 1-4, the unit  10  of the present invention includes a portable body or housing  12  having all necessary components held therein. The portable body or housing  12  includes a port  11 , sides, a base, a front  14 , a back  16  and a passive motion detector  18  connected to a power source  20 , such as a battery, via a circuit board  22 . 
     As shown in FIG. 3, the rear housing  16  includes a securing means  24 , such as a hook and loop fastening means or magnetic holding strip, to allow the unit  10  to be secured in a desired location. For example, the unit  10  can be supported on its base on a flat surface, or secured against a wall, a desk, a filing cabinet, or other flat surface, in an area or room that is to be monitored, such as one that has been checked by law enforcement or other security personnel. The unit  10  would then be turned on and a separate radio unit or cellular telephone plugged into the port  11  in the housing  12  (see FIG.  1 ), to detect the presence of an intruder after the law enforcement or other security personnel have left the area or room. The unit  10  or the cellular telephone and/or radio unit plugged into the device may include the necessary video or audio adapters and related software, well known to those skilled in the art, to take and transmit images and/or sounds of an intruder. Any camera associated with the unit  10 , the separate telephone or the separate radio unit may be of the normal still or video type. This unit  10 , therefore, allows more law enforcement or other security personnel to be freed for searching, or other duties, and eliminates the need for them to remain in an area or room that is to be monitored, such as one that has already been inspected or searched, or that is to be continuously monitored. That is, the unit  10  of the present invention will detect the presence of a human intruder, trigger the transmitter of an external radio unit or cell phone plugged into the unit, broadcast a stored audio message in the unit, and then pickup and broadcast still or video images and/or ambient sound from the area or room where the unit is located. To save battery life in the unit and/or the external radio, the unit will include a means to automatically switch power on and off and to switch off power when not in use in or connected to a microcontroller  36  to turn the external radio or cell phone to standby, if no intruder is present. 
     The passive infrared motion detector  18  preferably uses a dual element pyroelectric sensor, which measures changes in heat within its field of view. A fresnel lens  26 , having a wide angle of view, is preferably used to divide the field of view into multiple zones whereby an object, moving from one zone to another, suddenly appears or disappears from the sensor&#39;s view. The moving object, therefore, causes a change in signal levels, which is sensed by the accompanying circuitry in the motion detector. 
     As set forth above, the goal of the unit  10  of the present invention is to be easily portable and to provide area intrusion monitoring and remote detection at low cost for use by law enforcement and other security personnel. This is provided by the unit  10  of the present invention, in which a microcontroller and its&#39; firmware operation and circuitry on the board  22  control the implementation of this intrusion detection radio appliance. 
     As shown in FIGS. 5-7, the detector  18  is preferably a dual-element pyroelectric passive infrared detector that, like all pyroelectric detectors, is sensitive only to changes in temperature. A change in temperature produces a small voltage, which is amplified by an internal JFET transistor. The detector&#39;s dual elements are connected opposing one another. This helps reduce false triggering due to changes in ambient temperature. Any such thermal changes will affect equally both elements and will cancel, producing no output. 
     The detector  18  is positioned at the focal point of the fresnel lens  26 . The lens  26  is designed to have a wide field of view to cover as much of the surrounding area as possible. The lens  26  is also designed with multiple zones, which pass or block infrared energy from an object depending upon position. As a warm object, such as a person moves through the field of view, the zones of the lens  26  breaks repeatedly as the person moves across the field of view. This chopping affect creates a change in infrared temperature of the detector  18 , thereby producing an output signal. 
     A two-stage bandpass filter  28  and amplifier  30  are used and shown in FIG.  5 . The amplifier  30  is sensitive to frequencies between 1 and 25 Hz only. This further helps reduce false alarms since normal human motion will fall within this range. The total gain of the amplifier chain is 76 dB. This high gain is needed because the amount of infrared energy striking the detector  18  is very low and thus the signal from the detector is very low as well. 
     A dual-threshold window comparator is formed by  32  and  34 , as shown in FIG.  5 . The output of the amplifier  30  is compared with voltage levels set by R8, R9 and R10. If the signal rises above the lower threshold, TRIGA! will switch from a logic high to a logic low. If the signal drops below a lower threshold, TRIGB! will similarly switch. The circuit is designed such that the system will trigger when infrared energy from an object passing from a light to a dark zone, or from dark to light, is sensed. 
     As shown in FIG. 6, an 8 bit microcontroller or microprocessor  36  with onboard program ROM and RAM is preferably used. The microcontroller  36  operates at a low frequency set by a crystal X 1 . This low frequency keeps power consumption low for prolonged battery life. Also, as described above, the microcontroller  36  includes a means to prolong battery life in the external radio or cell phone, by turning the external radio or cell phone to standby, if no intruder is present. 
     An LED  38  is driven by one output port from microcontroller  36 . Upon power up, this LED  38  will flash for a predetermined time, such as several tens of seconds. During this time, the amplifier and detector circuit are allowed to stabilize, and triggers are inhibited. This allows an operator to turn the unit  10  on, plug in a separate radio unit or cell phone, if not already done, and leave the area without triggering the system. Once the LED  38  stops flashing, the system is armed and ready to sense movement and broadcast on the external radio or cell phone plugged into the unit  10 . 
     The TRIGA and TRIGB signals from the window comparator  32 ,  34 , previously discussed, are inputs to the microcontroller  36 . Either of these inputs becoming a logic low will start the transmit cycle. The cycle begins by microcontroller  36  turning on power to the output circuitry. This signal is called, or indicated as, +5 VSW, and by keeping this off except when triggered, helps extend battery life. 
     When the XMT! signal is brought low, a load is applied to an external microphone input  39  to the external radio or cell phone, which simulates keying the push to talk switch. The external radio or cell phone will now transmit the stored audio and then ambient audio or video images. 
     The ALARM output from microcontroller  36  produces a modulated square wave that is coupled into a transmit output amplifier  40  by R 26  and C 23  (see FIG.  7 ). Unless somehow shutoff, this causes a beeping tone which precedes the transmission of the stored audio message. 
     As shown in FIG. 6, the unit  10  includes an analog record/playback device  42  having a flash memory as a non-volatile storage medium. This device  42  may store up to 12 seconds of audio, such as recorded or synthesized tone or voice. When a trigger occurs and the external radio or cell phone has been placed into transmit mode, a PLAY signal is brought low causing a playback of the recorded audio signal. Device  42  is designed to directly drive a speaker  44  so the signal is coupled to an amplifier  46  by R 28  and C 26 . The output of amplifier  46  is then fed to output amplifier  40 . 
     Once the transmission of the previously recorded audio is completed by the device  42 , the signal from a microphone  39  is amplified by a further amplifier  50 . The output from this amplifier  50  is also coupled into output amplifier  40  so that ambient sounds may be monitored and transmitted for several seconds, or the plugged in cellular telephone and any video camera may transmit images to alert law enforcement or other security personnel of an intruder. 
     To record on the device  42 , a record button is pressed and held. The microcontroller  36  then powers up the microphone circuitry and sends a record command to the record/playback device  42 . While recording, the LED  38  turns on. Recording stops when the user releases the button or when a maximum time of approximately 12 seconds has elapsed. 
     Power to the unit  10  is turned on and off with a momentary pushbutton  51  (see FIG.  7 ). A CMOS flip-flop  52  is powered whenever a 9-volt battery  54  is connected thereto. The current draw by flip-flop  52  is low enough that the shelf life of the battery  54  is not significantly affected. Each time the power button  51  is pressed, flip flop  52  toggles between the set and reset conditions. In the reset condition,  56  is turned on, thus sending power from the battery  54  to voltage regulator  58 , and hence powering up the rest of the circuitry. In the set condition,  56 , and all other circuitry, are off. 
     It, therefore, can be seen that the present invention provides a novel and improved, low cost intrusion detection device into which a separate radio or cellular telephone unit is plugged to allow law enforcement or other security personnel to leave the intrusion detection unit in a given area for monitoring the area, without the need for further personnel. 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations and modifications of the just-described, preferred embodiments can be configured without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described herein.