Abstract:
A system manages inbound and outbound transactions in a contact center that executes software, and one or more data repositories. The software provides a function designating in agent profiles stored in a data repository, individual agents or groups of agents as capable of operating in either the inbound or outbound campaign, a function monitoring activity in both the inbound and the outbound campaign via software executing on one or more servers in the contact center, a function identifying a change in activity in one of the campaigns that qualifies for reassignment of one or more agents, a function selecting an agent or a group of agents to transfer, a function notifying the agent or group of agents of the pending transfer and the time that the transfer will be accomplished, and a function transferring the agent or the group of agents from the one campaign to the other campaign.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED DOCUMENTS 
       [0001]    The present patent application is a Continuation of pending application Ser. No. 12/911,360, filed on Oct. 25, 2010, disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention is in the field of telephony including data network telephony and Internet protocol network telephony and pertains particularly to methods and apparatus for managing human resources when required to handle unexpected interaction loads. 
         [0004]    2. Discussion of the State of the Art 
         [0005]    In the art of telephony as related to commerce, contact centers are in place to service organizations that sell products and services to consumers. State-of-the-art contact centers have evolved from typical telephone call-in centers to multi-media centers that use a variety of communications applications to conduct business. 
         [0006]    Many contact centers today operate in blended mode meaning that they can simultaneously process inbound and outbound transactions. Inbound refers to transactions coming in. Outbound refers to outgoing transactions, which are typically orchestrated by planned campaigns to a “calling list”. A challenge with operating in both modes simultaneously is making optimal use of the contact center agents. 
         [0007]    Often contact center agents are statically divided between handling unsolicited inbound traffic and traffic solicited by outbound campaigns. In some cases, some subset of the agent resources is designated for processing interactions of all types and those interactions are delivered to the agents in a mixed mode. Both of these approaches in routing can be problematic. 
         [0008]    Static agent resources division is not generally well adapted to irregularities in the contact center traffic such as with peak and lax periods of unsolicited inbound traffic. Agents working in mixed mode may suffer from an effect called agent swinging, which is a condition where the agent is switching back and forth between interaction types too frequently. 
         [0009]    Outbound campaigns can be practiced in a predictive mode where transactions are initiated, such as calls placed, on a prediction of agent availability to handle responses to the outbound transactions. In the instance of telephony, where the outbound transactions are telephone calls, a predictive dialing algorithm places outbound calls at a frequency that depends on parameters of the campaign, such as the availability, whether real or predicted, of suitable agents to respond to successful calls. When agents are in mixed mode, the outbound campaign engine cannot always compensate for frequent unavailability of agents who are required to handle spikes in inbound traffic. When special requirements or talents of particular agents come into play, such as a need for a foreign language-speaking agent to handle certain calls, the mixed mode routing regimen becomes even more complex to manage. 
         [0010]    Therefore, what is clearly needed is an automated contact-center system that allows one interaction-processing subsystem to automatically manage the services of specific agents or equivalents having specific skill sets working another interaction-processing subsystem when the need for those agents arises. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    The problem stated above is that agent availability and flexibility is desirable for a state-of-art contact center, but many of the conventional means for creating agent flexibility, such as reassigning agents between inbound and outbound campaigns, also create an undesirable “agent swinging” effect characterized by the constant switching of the agent between activities. The result is lower overall event handling quality for that agent. The inventors therefore considered functional components of a contact center, looking for elements that could potentially be harnessed to provide a more flexible agent workforce but in a manner that would not create lower quality due to rapid assignment and reassignment. 
         [0012]    Every contact-center has peak periods characterized by more incoming calls than can be successfully handles using the originally assigned agents. One by-product of peak periods in a contact center is an abundance of customers who must wait in queue for an available agent. Most such contact centers employ more than one interaction processing subsystem to conduct the business of helping customers and routing systems, agent queues, and statistics servers are typically a part of such apparatus. 
         [0013]    The present inventors realized in an inventive moment that if interaction processing subsystems in a contact center could, based on need, lay claim to specific agents having particular skills who may be working a lower priority tasks for a specified amount of time, significantly shorter wait times in queue and better quality interaction handling might result. The inventor therefore constructed a unique workforce-management application for use between two or more interaction processing subsystems in a contact center that allowed any interaction processing subsystem to lay claim to one or more specified agents for a specific period of time. A significant downturn in queue waiting time during peak periods of interaction processing resulted with no impediment to interaction handling quality or call flow efficiency. 
         [0014]    Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention a system managing inbound and outbound transaction campaigns conducted simultaneously in a contact center is provided, comprising one or more servers in the contact center executing software from a non-transitory medium, and one or more data repositories coupled to the one or more servers. The software provides a function designating in agent profiles stored in a data repository, individual agents or groups of agents as capable of operating in either the inbound or outbound campaign, a function monitoring activity in both the inbound and the outbound campaign via software executing on one or more servers in the contact center, a function identifying a change in activity in one of the campaigns that qualifies for reassignment of one or more agents, a function selecting an agent or a group of agents to transfer, a function notifying the agent or group of agents of the pending transfer and the time that the transfer will be accomplished, and a function transferring the agent or the group of agents from the one campaign to the other campaign. 
         [0015]    In one embodiment of the system the change in activity is a rapid increase in inbound transactions requiring transfer of agents to the inbound campaign from the outbound campaign. Also in one embodiment there is a function adjusting the rate of outbound calls according to the reduced number of agents assigned to the outbound campaign as a result of the transfer of one or more agents from the outbound to the inbound campaign. Further in one embodiment the change in activity may be a rapid decrease in inbound transactions requiring transfer of agents to the outbound campaign from the inbound campaign. There may further be a function adjusting the rate of outbound calls upward according to the increased number of agents assigned to the outbound campaign as a result of the transfer of one or more agents from the inbound to the outbound campaign. 
         [0016]    In another aspect of the invention a method for managing inbound and outbound transaction campaigns conducted simultaneously in a contact center is provided, comprising the steps of (a) designating in agent profiles stored in a data repository, individual agents or groups of agents as capable of operating in either the inbound or outbound campaign; (b) monitoring activity in both the inbound and the outbound campaign via software executing on one or more servers in the contact center; (c) identifying a change in activity in one of the campaigns that qualifies for reassignment of one or more agents; (d) selecting an agent or a group of agents to transfer; (e) notifying the agent or group of agents of the pending transfer and the time that the transfer will be accomplished; and (f) transferring the agent or the group of agents from the one campaign to the other campaign. 
         [0017]    In one embodiment of the method, in step (c), the change in activity is a rapid increase in inbound transactions requiring transfer of agents to the inbound campaign from the outbound campaign. Also in one embodiment there is a step for adjusting the rate of outbound calls according to the reduced number of agents assigned to the outbound campaign as a result of the transfer of one or more agents from the outbound to the inbound campaign. Further in one embodiment, in step (c), the change in activity is a rapid decrease in inbound transactions requiring transfer of agents to the outbound campaign from the inbound campaign. There may also be a step for adjusting the rate of outbound calls upward according to the increased number of agents assigned to the outbound campaign as a result of the transfer of one or more agents from the inbound to the outbound campaign. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES 
         [0018]      FIG. 1  is an architectural overview of a communications network that supports resource claiming and temporary reassignment of duties based on a trigger event according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 2  is a process flow chart illustrating steps for claiming one or more resources for temporary use according to the embodiment of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0020]      FIG. 3  is a united modeling language sequence diagram illustrating a process for reallocating one or more agents according to demand. 
           [0021]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram illustrating interaction between the basic components of the work force application of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0022]      FIG. 5  is a table illustrating a message that might be sent to lay claim to one or more agent resources working on a lower priority task in the contact center. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0023]    The inventors provide a system for automatically managing one or more specified human resources in a contact-center environment based on trigger events. The present invention is described in enabling detail using the following examples, which may describe more than one relevant embodiment falling within the scope of the present invention. The examples are primarily involved with telephony systems, both PSTN and IPNT, but it should be understood that there may be embodiments involved with such as emails, chat systems, and text-messaging systems as well. 
         [0024]      FIG. 1  is an architectural overview of a communications network  100  that supports resource claiming and temporary reassignment of duties based on trigger events according to an embodiment of the present invention. Communications network  100  includes a public switched telephone network (PSTN)  101 , an Internet network  102 , and a contact center represented herein as an aggregation of equipment and resources connected to a local area network (LAN)  103 . LAN  103  is enhanced with transfer control protocol over Internet protocol (TCP/IP) and other Internet protocols required to enable LAN  103  to function as a subnet to Internet network  102 . 
         [0025]    Internet  102  is further represented herein by a network backbone  123 . Network backbone  123  represents all of the lines, equipment, and connection points that make up the Internet as a whole. Therefore, there are no geographic limitations to the practice of the present invention. Internet backbone  123  supports a Web server  122  for hosting Websites for companies doing business over the Internet network. Web server  122  includes a digital medium coupled thereto or otherwise accessible that contains all of the data and software to enabled function as a Web server. Web server  122  has a Website  124  hosted thereon. Website  124  represents a company or enterprise Website through which transacting may be conducted between customers of the enterprise and a contact center represented by the equipment and resources connected to LAN  103 . An arrow leading into Web server  122  labeled incoming represents customers accessing Website  124 . Website  124  may contain a contact feature for enabling voice calls to be placed from the Website and a contact feature enabling live chart requests to be placed from the Website. 
         [0026]    PSTN  101  includes a network telephone switch  106  for accepting incoming calls. An arrow labeled Incoming within PSTN cloud  101  represents any customers or potential customers who call into the contact center from anywhere in the PSTN network. Other communications carrier networks such as wireless cellular networks might also be considered in the example without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
         [0027]    Network switch  106  has connection by telephone trunk to a contact-center switch  107  set up within the domain of the contact-center system. Contact-center switch  107  as well as network-based switch  106  may be automated call distributor (ACD), or private branch exchange (PBX) type switching facilities without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Contact-center switch  107  may be a soft switch implemented in software in some embodiments. Switch  107  is enhanced for routing intelligence using a computer-telephony-integrated (CTI) processor  108 . Processor  108  has connection to LAN  103  and is connected to switch  107  via a CTI link. Switch  107  represents the last hop before incoming interactions are routed to contact-center agents working within the center. An interactive-voice-response (IVR) unit  109  is provided to screen customers and to initiate routing regimens for routing the interaction requests to appropriate agents. IVR  109  is connected directly to switch  107  and also to CTI processor  108 . 
         [0028]    LAN  103  supports two agent groups in this example. These agent groups are agent group  104  (1−n), and agent group  105  (1−n). Agent group  104  (1−n) is dedicated to working the inbound calls. Inbound calls are queued, if no agents are currently available, in an inbound queue  110 . Calls in inbound queue  110  may be such as a request to speak to a live agent on the phone. Inbound traffic usually retains a higher priority for answering than do some other types of transactions. Therefore, it is more important to the contact center that unsolicited inbound traffic be handled within the allowed estimated wait time in queue. 
         [0029]    Switch  107  also includes a queue  124 . Queue  124  represents an inbound queue for solicited contacts. For example, the contact center makes outbound calls to customers by outbound campaigns, and those customers that agree to be serviced by a live agent are routed to the outbound agent group. The designation as an outbound call simply refers to the fact that that pending call was solicited by an ongoing outbound campaign. In one embodiment all pending calls may be queued in the same queue with calls resulting from outbound campaigns marked to differentiate them from unsolicited inbound traffic. Often the calls from outbound campaigns have less priority than inbound interactions simply because they were solicited and have lower probability of successful conclusion. 
         [0030]    PSTN  101  and Internet network  102  are bridged for cross communication using a network gateway  121 . Gateway  121  may be any type of gateway that enables conversion of the communication from one format native to one network to another format native to the other network the communication is routed on. An SS7 gateway represents one such gateway type. Data requests and Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) requests may be routed from Website  124  into the contact center through an Internet protocol router  120  connected to LAN  103 . Router  120  has connection to backbone  123  via an Internet access line. 
         [0031]    Agent group  104  (1−n) is represented by a plurality of agent stations 1−n comprising basically a personal computer and a telephone at each station. In this embodiment, agent group  105  (1−n) uses agent stations that are similar to or identical to those used by group  104 . Telephones in this example have connection to contact-center switch  107  via internal telephony wiring  116 . In another embodiment telephones may be connected directly to LAN  103  or each computer may host a telephony application and headset for use in contact center communications. For chat requests, the computers would host a chat application, perhaps part of an agent desktop application (not illustrated) installed on each agent&#39;s desktop. A chat server is not illustrated in this example, but may be assumed present and connected to LAN  103 . 
         [0032]    LAN  103  supports an outbound contact server  125 . Contact server  125  includes a digital medium coupled thereto or otherwise accessible that contains all of the data and software to enable function as an outbound contact server. Outbound contact server  125  hosts an outbound dialing application  126 . Outbound dialing application  126  is adapted to serve dialing instruction to contact-center switch  107  for dialing out to customers or potential customers as part of an active outbound calling campaign. Outbound contact server  125  is programmable to dial according to one of several available dialing modes. One of these dialing modes is called predictive dialing mode in the art. 
         [0033]    One of the aspects of predictive dialing is that the dialing frequency takes into account historical availability patterns of agents and makes predictions about their becoming available to take dialed calls. Outbound dialing server  125  aided by CTI processor  108  and IVR  109  calls persons from a contact list and the frequency of dialing is dependent on the number of agents working the campaign and what percentage of those agents can be considered available to handle calls during the campaign. Connected outbound calls are routed back to agents as inbound interaction requests. 
         [0034]    LAN  103  supports a universal routing server  115 . Routing server  115  includes a digital medium coupled thereto or otherwise accessible that contains all of the data and software required to enable the function of a routing server. Universal in the name universal routing server means that the routing server can provide routing strategy for any type of routable interaction request. Universal routing server  115  provides routing strategy through CTI processor  108  to switch  107 . LAN  103  supports a statistics server  113  that is adapted to serve contact-center statistics to automated systems and human resources within the contact center. Outbound dialing server  125  and routing server  115  may subscribe to statistics server  113  to enable statistical-based routing routines and predictive dialing routines that depend on statistics for guidance. Statistics server  113  has connection to a data repository  114  adapted to contain statistical information about agents and their status and performance in the contact center environment. 
         [0035]    LAN  103  supports a workforce management server  117 . Workforce management server  117  has a digital medium coupled thereto or otherwise accessible that is adapted to contain all of the data and software to enable function as a workforce management server. Workforce management server  117  contains among other things, the complete and current information about all of the agents working within the contact center and all of the schedules for those agents for working periods or shifts at the contact center. Workforce management server  117  has connection to a data repository  118  that is adapted to contain agent data such as scheduling data, skills data, language speaking data, and other data pertinent to scheduling a workforce in the contact center. In this particular example, inbound calls are being handled at the same time that at least one outbound campaign is running and generating calls. 
         [0036]    Workforce management server  117  hosts software (SW)  119 . SW  119  is part of a workforce management application that enables an interaction-processing subsystem to lay claim to one or more human resources regardless of where they are currently working within the contact center. SW  119  comprises the business logic portion of a larger application, which in this example is distributed to more than one machine or server. Software (SW)  111  is provided on CTI processor  108  as a queue monitoring application. Queue monitoring is an essential part of the contact center operation. SW  111  is adapted to provide current queue data such as estimated call-handling time, estimated wait time for interactions in queue, and like information. SW  111  may be pre-existing software resident on a digital medium such as on CTI processor  108 , or it may be a component of a larger workforce management application of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
         [0037]    Statistics server  113  hosts software (SW)  127 . SW  127  may be a communication and notification component of a larger workforce management application. SW  127  is adapted to generate a communication referred to as a claim signal in this specification. A claim signal represents a message that specifies a need for one or more additional human resources to join an existing activity such as answering incoming calls. SW  127 , SW  119 , and SW  111  may be resident on a single digital medium of one machine without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In this example, the application is distributed to servers in the center that are involved in processing and serving information relative to resource claims that may be made by a system. 
         [0038]    In use of the present invention, SW  111  actively monitors queues  110  and  124  at telephone switch  107 . Queue  110  belongs to an inbound interaction-processing subsystem and is being worked by agents in agent group  104  at stations 1−n. Queue  124  belongs to an outbound interaction-processing subsystem and is being worked by agents in agent group  105  at stations 1−n. In a typical application, the inbound queue  110  carries more priority than queue  124  relative to contact-center policies and goals. For example, during a peak period where there are many calls incoming to queue  110 , the estimated wait time may increase due to not enough agents on-hand to handle the added call load. With higher estimated wait times in queue, more calls are abandoned and more callers opt for self-service options as described further above in the background section of this specification. 
         [0039]    SW  111  may determine that too many calls are in queue with no agents available in agent group  104  to bring the queue back into compliance with policy. SW  111  communicates this state to SW  119 . SW  119  is the business logic required to determine the number of agents with specific skill levels that are required to bring the wait time in queue back down to compliance and how long that will take. Workforce server  117  subscribes to statistics server  113  and obtains all of the current statistics required to make a decision about what additional resources will be required and about when and for how long the additional resources will be required before they can be released back to original duties. 
         [0040]    In one embodiment where transactions of many different types may come into the center, SW  119  may determine what will be required in additional resources by examining each of the interactions queued, one interaction at a time. In a more structured environment all of the incoming calls might expect to be the same type of call that can be handled by any agent with a specific level of skill In one embodiment SW  119  may provide a list of qualified agents that can be forwarded to the interaction-processing sub-system that expects to give up one or more agents working a campaign for a given period of time. In one embodiment SW  119  may specifically target agents by identification number and generate a list of the exact agents they will require. It will be apparent to one with skill in the art of telephony communications that the level of granularity for determining and quantifying a need for additional resources, as well as possibly identifying the exact resource or resources desired, depends at least in part on the nature of the business being conducted. 
         [0041]    Once a determination is made that identifies what is needed and for how long, SW  119  may communicate the need requirement to SW  127  running on statistics server  113 . This is optional and not specifically required in order to practice the present invention. SW  119  or SW  127  may generate a machine-to-machine message also referred to herein as a “claim signal” to any interaction-processing subsystem in the call-center environment, such as an outbound campaign worked by agent group  105  (1−n). All of the interaction-processing subsystems subscribe to statistics from statistics server  113 . In this regard, statistics server  113  is a convenient machine for hosting SW  127  for generating and propagating the claim signal. 
         [0042]    SW  127  may also be responsible for pushing notifications to individual ones of agents that reassignment to working inbound interactions is pending. Such notifications may be embodied by an audio/visual message or indication that appears on each of their computing screen. In a preferred embodiment, the determination or assessment of the amount of human resources and skills ratings required to handle the increased number of interactions also estimates how long those resources will be occupied. Therefore, the claim signal will request a sufficient number of skilled resources to reduce the estimated wait time for callers in queue in a timely manner so those resources might be returned to their original tasks, which although lower in priority, still require efficient processing. 
         [0043]    The parameters governing how human resources are shared may vary somewhat. For example, inbound traffic might be well handled by the existing agents working the inbound queue or queues but when a sudden influx of calls from Spanish-speaking callers arrives there are not enough Spanish-speaking agents to handle the calls. In this case, the inbound interaction-processing subsystem may lay claim to one or more additional Spanish-speaking agents that are currently working some other task. The most likely trigger event that would result in claim signal generation is a high estimated wait time in queue caused by a rise in inbound traffic. 
         [0044]    In one embodiment of the present invention, the interaction-processing subsystem that has to give up one or more agents to another interaction-processing subsystem will retain the right to select which agent or agents will be released from current tasks and reassigned to the requesting subsystem. In one embodiment, where all of the agents are adequately trained to handle any type of interaction, the agents that are reassigned may be agents who are currently the lowest performers in their current tasks. In another embodiment agent trading may occur where an agent that is performing well in a lower-priority campaign might be traded to a higher-priority campaign for a lower performing agent working the higher-priority campaign. 
         [0045]    The example of  FIG. 1  illustrates a single inbound interaction-processing subsystem and a single outbound interaction-processing subsystem as systems that can claim human resources. However, in actual practice there may be many different inbound and outbound interaction-processing subsystems working within the contact center at any given period. One with skill in the art of workforce management will appreciate that human resources may be claimed across campaign types and interaction classes. For example, a proactive chat invitation campaign may be underway at Website  124  whereby chat invitations are sent to Website visitors. Inbound traffic at the telephone switch may peak causing a higher wait in queue. The inbound system may lay claim to one or more agents working chat. In one embodiment human resources may be taken from another department that does not traditionally process interactions in certain extreme situations where specific skills are required and there is a shortage of those skills 
         [0046]      FIG. 2  is a process flow chart  200  illustrating steps for claiming one or more resources for temporary use according to the embodiment of  FIG. 1 . At step  201 , queue-monitoring software determines there is an increase in inbound traffic pushing the wait time in queue beyond an acceptable threshold. In one embodiment existing queue monitoring applications such as CTI monitor software could be adapted to trigger the determination logic. At step  202 , determination logic assesses the number of agents and the correct skills or skills rating required to adequately handling the influx of interactions. In one embodiment each interaction waiting in queue at the time of assessment shall be analyzed as to the specific skills required to handle the interaction. 
         [0047]    The system generates a claim message or signal at step  203 . The claim signal may list specific agents by identification number or name. In one embodiment the claim signal does not specifically name any agents but declares the type of agents and skills rating of the agents required to handle the extra interactions. The interaction-processing subsystem that receives the claim signal may be allowed to select which agents will ultimately be reallocated to the inbound system. In another embodiment the claim signal includes a complete list of qualified agents for the subsystem to select from. 
         [0048]    A claim signal may be published or sent to one or more targeted interaction-processing subsystems at step  204 . In one embodiment, the claim signal is broadcast and all other running interaction-processing subsystems receive the broadcast and respond by listing the human resources that those particular subsystems are willing to lend. In this case a step might be introduced for the requesting system to select from what is offered by all of the subsystems polled. For example, one agent could be reallocated from as many subsystems running. 
         [0049]    The claim signal may be an XML message, an http request, an RPC call or some other machine-readable format. At step  205 , the targeted subsystem or subsystems receive the claim signal and acknowledge whether they can provide one or more of the total human resources required. For example, rules may prevent a subsystem from providing human resources beyond what is reasonable to efficiently manage the interactions being processed by that system. For example, the inbound system might claim  3  agents whereas an outbound campaign only has 3 agents working the queue, but another outbound campaign has 2 and one-half agents working its queue. The claim might be satisfied, for example by the first system giving up 1 and one-half agents while the second campaign gives up 1 and one-half agents totaling three agents borrowed from both outbound campaigns. Dialing frequencies are adjusted for each outbound campaign to compensate for the release of the human resources. 
         [0050]    At step  206 , the subsystem or systems determine the human resources that will be reassigned. At step  207  the affected agents receive notification that they will be reassigned. Such notification may be a pop-up message with audio and visual indication that the agent will begin processing interactions according to the claim signal. In one embodiment, notifications indicate a time when the reassignment will occur. In another embodiment, the agent will begin to receive interactions from the claiming subsystem with an indication of interaction type received just before the first routed interaction rings at the agent&#39;s workstation. In still another embodiment a claim signal embodies a prediction of a future need for human resources. In this case a subsystem targeted with a predictive claim signal may project what agents it may lend to the claiming system at that time period in the future, assuming the system will still be running then. 
         [0051]    At step  208  it is determined whether the system supplying the claimed resources is an outbound contact system that uses an automatic dialing application with an adjustable dialing rate. If at step  208  the subsystem supplying the resources is not such a system, then the process may end at step  211 . However, if it is determined at step  208  that the supplying system is an outbound contact system that automatically adjusts dialing rate, then the dialing rate in a preferred embodiment is adjusted at step  209 , prior to transferring resources. After the adjustment in this embodiment agents are transferred at step  210 . 
         [0052]      FIG. 3  is a united modeling language sequence diagram  300  illustrating a process for reallocating an agent according to a trigger event. In this example, an inbound subsystem  301  uses a queue monitoring application to determine a traffic increase (determine Trafficincrease). Assuming an increase in traffic beyond an acceptable threshold, inbound subsystem  301  generates a claim signal to claim an agent. The claim signal is propagated to a statistics server  302 . Statistics server  302  forwards the claim signal to outbound subsystem  303 . Statistics server  302  brokers communication in this example because all of the subsystems subscribe to statistics. In this case the statistics server receives the claim signal and makes it available immediately to subscribers to statistics from the server including outbound subsystem  303 . In one embodiment the claim signal is generated in a workforce management server and then distributed to the outbound system  303  through statistics server  302 . 
         [0053]    Outbound subsystem  303  determines (determinAgent) which agent working the queue will be a suitable prospect for fulfillment of the claim from the requesting system based on analyzing the parameters of the claim signal against the skills and parameters of the agents working that outbound subsystem. Once subsystem  303  has determined which agent it will release, it reassigns (reassignInbound) the agent to work for the requesting inbound subsystem by notifying statistics server  302  of the pending reassignment. Statistics server  302  may then notify the selected agent (notifyAgent) by pushing a screen pop to that agent&#39;s screen or by calling the agent. The agent is notified of the pending reassignment before inbound interactions are routed to that agent as a courtesy and to insure a smooth transition. In one case the agent may be busy working a transaction at the time of reassignment. The statistics server also notifies inbound subsystem  301  (notifyInbound) of the confirmed reassignment. 
         [0054]    Once the confirmation is received by the inbound subsystem, the subsystem begins utilizing the agent (utilizeAgent). The time that the agent is utilized is specified in the claim signal and most likely is at least 300 seconds to prevent the agent swinging phenomena described earlier in this specification. The utilization time is roughly the same period as a wait time (waitTime) the statistics server  302  waits before notifying the inbound subsystem of the end time (notifyEndtime), which is the point in time that the inbound subsystem no longer requires the agent as indicated in the original claim signal. In this way the inbound subsystem can make a decision whether to release the agent at that time or to retain that agent for an additional period of time. In order to retain the agent, a second claim signal may be required. 
         [0055]    The claim signal specifies at minimum a number of human resources, the required skills definition, level, or rating of those human resources, when those resources are needed, how long those resources will be used, and the current task priority level under which agents may be released from any task to fulfill the claim. In one embodiment, the claiming subsystem may determine to keep one or more claimed resources if conditions warrant. For example, a projected need time may be stated, however, inbound traffic may continue to spike for some unknown reason requiring retention of claimed agents longer than was stated in the claim signal sent out to the other subsystems. 
         [0056]    Inbound subsystem  301  releases (releaseAgent) the claimed agent, in this example, upon receiving notification (notifyEndtime) of the end of the period the agent has been utilized to answer inbound interactions. Statistics server  302  receives the release notification and notifies outbound subsystem  303  that the agent is no longer being utilized and is released from duty by the inbound subsystem. Statistics server  302  then notifies the agent that the agent is released from inbound interaction processing. The agent may then immediately return to processing interactions (workOutbound) from the outbound subsystem. Short periods between assignments allow the agent to prepare for the next task or duty. 
         [0057]    In this example, outbound subsystem may be using a predictive dialing application to place outbound calls based on agent availability. Therefore, the outbound system may readjust the number of the agents in the pool to recalculate the rate of dialing so no calls are lost or abandoned during absence of the reassigned agent. The dialing application may wait 20 seconds or so to ensure that no outbound calls that are answered and in route to the center will be abandoned because of the loss of one or more agents to the inbound subsystem. Moreover, in the case of increased traffic intensity, the assignment activity may be rolled back when it is determined that the interaction load has returned to normal. In this case, the release-agent step may not be a decision made by the claiming subsystem, rather by the statistics server upon noting the normal traffic. 
         [0058]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram  400  illustrating interaction between the basic components of the work force application of  FIG. 1 . In this example, incoming interaction requests  401  are characterized more particularly as voice calls in queue  403  and as chat requests in queue  404 . Incoming interaction requests  401  are considered incoming to an inbound interaction-processing subsystem. State monitoring component  111  monitors the states of queues  403  and  404 . State monitoring component  111  is analogous to SW  111  on CTI processor  108  of  FIG. 1 . Incoming interaction requests  402  are incoming as a result of invitations and are more particularly characterized as voice calls in queue  405  resulting from proactive telephone invitations and as chat requests in queue  406  resulting from proactive chat invitations. Incoming interaction requests  402  are considered incoming into an outbound interaction-processing subsystem. 
         [0059]    Logic component  119  is analogous to SW  119  of  FIG. 1  running on workforce management server  117 . Logic component  119  with the aid of statistics server  113 , also of  FIG. 1  may make a resource shortage determination  407  with respect to available resources for working any of the queues. The logic component communicates with communication and notification component  127  analogous to SW  127  running on statistics server  113  in  FIG. 1 . Component  127  is responsible for communication and notification. In this example, component  127  communicates directly with outbound call campaign A ( 409 ); a proactive chat invitation campaign  410 ; unsolicited inbound campaign  411  for voice and chat; and outbound call campaign B ( 412 ). 
         [0060]    State monitoring component  111  monitors all of the queues and communicates state to logic component  119 . Aided by statistics server  113 , logic component  119  creates a determination as to what exactly is required in the way of human resources and skills to alleviate any unacceptable wait times in any of the queues in a manner that still successfully disposes of the interactions. 
         [0061]      FIG. 5  is a table  500  illustrating a message that might be sent to lay claim to one or more agent resources working on a lower priority task in the contact center. Table  500  represents a logical construction of a claim signal designed to communicate a need for human resources. Table  500  has a column  501  listing five parameter types that quantify the human resources needed to solve a problem like sudden spike in traffic, for example. 
         [0062]    Table  500  has a column  502  that lists the values by rows associated to the five parameters listed in column  501 . Reading from top down and from left to right in both columns  501  and  502 , the table lists the signal type, which is described as a claim for resources sent to outbound campaigns A and B. A require statement is simply a statement of the number of human resources claimed and the minimum skills level that those claimed agents must posses to qualify for reassignment according to this particular claim. In this case the claim signal value for require statement is 3 agents with skills rating greater than 6. 
         [0063]    A task priority indication in column  501  defines the level of priority of a task that agents may be released from in order to fulfill the require statement. In this case the priority level is less than 10 meaning that no agents should be pulled from current tasks that have a priority level of 10 or greater. A start time is indicated and in the associated value column is listed as 12:10 PM. The start time indicates the time that the claimed agents will be needed to answer calls. A need time is the final parameter of the claim signal and the associated value is 15 minutes. In one embodiment a list of available (logged on) agents is provided with indication of the preferred agents that are to be reassigned. In this embodiment the subsystem that will release agents may have the final say over which agents will be reassigned. In another embodiment the subsystems have no control over claimed agents and the agents claimed must be reassigned for the expected period. 
         [0064]    In one embodiment of the present invention, a claim signal does not specify where a claimed agent will come from. In this case the receiving subsystems may respond with candidates that they can release from their current duties. In such communication the claiming system may be allowed to pick the agents and the agents may be distributed over more than one interaction-processing subsystem. 
         [0065]    It will be apparent to one with skill in the art that the workforce management application of the invention may be provided using some or all of the mentioned features and components without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It will also be apparent to the skilled artisan that the embodiments described above are specific examples of a single broader invention, which may have greater scope than any of the singular descriptions taught. There may be many alterations made in the descriptions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.