Abstract:
Embodiments of the present invention provide a firefighting system able to supply a continuous flow of water to remote locations over great distances with varied terrains and conditions. The system can encompass multiple independent units, or reservoir assemblies each including portable water storage reservoirs with special design connections, conduits such as standard fire hoses, and pumps to induce the water flow as required. Each reservoir assembly unit represents a part of an integral system, a purpose of which is to transport water used in extinguishing fires from a water source where water is plentiful (such as, for example, a river, lake, or well) to the fire site, which can be at a remote location where it is difficult or expensive to supply water using traditional means.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application is a nonprovisional application of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/472,251, filed May 21, 2003, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 
     
    
     
       COPYRIGHT NOTICE  
         [0002]    ©2004 Alexander I. Kravkov. A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. 37 CFR § 1.71(d), (e).  
         TECHNICAL FIELD  
         [0003]    The present invention relates to portable, modular fire units designed to be interconnected for delivering a high volume of water, or other fire suppression fluid, to remote locations over long distances and varied terrains. Embodiments of the present invention are intended for the use of fighting fires and satisfying other water needs.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    The problem of forest fires is a pressing one. Forest fires have global ecological implications. Each year countless acres of forest are destroyed by fires. Firefighters are faced with fighting hundreds, if not thousands, forest fires, and tens of thousands of firefighters are engaged in these activities. Unfortunately, each year numerous firefighters lose their lives combating forest fires.  
           [0005]    Typical methods of battling forest fires include provisioning firefighters on the fire&#39;s front line, which can be very dangerous. Helicopters and planes are used to collect water from bodies of water and drop it on the fire. Unfortunately, the closest body of water may be some distance away from the fire or difficult to reach by aircraft. Precious time is lost sending the helicopter or plane back and forth to the water body for refilling.  
           [0006]    While there are portable water storage tanks commercially available, such as those offered by the Fol-Da-Tank Co. of Milan, Ill., these units have never been able to be effectively integrated into a comprehensive system for delivering water over large distances to remote areas. They are typically used only for water shuttle or storage at one location. For example, they are frequently used in areas where water is available, but at low-pressure conditions that make it difficult to use most firefighting equipment. Additionally, the known prior art water storage tanks only include one port built into the tank. This port is typically used to purge the tank of stored water. In some instances, the port can be used to connect a second tank, but there is no convenient way to combine additional tanks to provide a larger aggregate volume of stored water. Because of the extreme intensity of many forest fires, the volume of water stored by one or two of even the largest portable units existing today would be ineffective in battling the blazes.  
           [0007]    Embodiments of the present invention solve these problems. When embodiments of the present invention are used in addition to the current methods of battling fires, firefighters would be much more effective in fighting forest fires. As described in this application, implementing the invention would shorten the time of fighting a fire by making the endeavor more efficient. This would result in saving human life and conserving natural resources, thus allowing for the solution of some global ecological problems.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    The present application describes embodiments of a firefighting system able to supply a continuous flow of water to remote locations over great distances and varied terrains. The system can encompass multiple independent units, or reservoir assemblies each including portable water storage reservoirs with special design connections, conduits such as standard fire hoses, and pumps to induce the water flow as required. Each reservoir assembly unit represents a part of an integral system, a purpose of which is to transport water used in extinguishing fires from a water source where water is plentiful (such as, for example, a river, lake, or well) to the fire site, which can be at a remote location where it is difficult or prohibitively expensive to supply water using traditional means.  
           [0009]    This application includes a system of interconnected reservoir assemblies. Each reservoir assembly, or unit, can be composed of a modular system of portable reservoirs, which allows for the accumulation of large quantities of water at any of several potential intermediate points along a given route from a water source to a remote fire site. Large numbers of reservoirs can be interconnected to provide a large aggregate volume of stored water at a location, but the individual reservoirs can be small enough to allow convenient placement in locations or topographies where larger single units could not be placed. Reservoirs can be placed on hiking paths, roads, small forest clearings, or other generally flat surfaces located along a route to the place of the fire.  
           [0010]    The portable reservoirs of the present application can be transported using helicopters, which allows speedy unfolding of the system even to places that are hard to reach. Once delivered to the intended location, the reservoirs can be set up and connected. Because the reservoirs can be made small and affordable, reservoirs can even be provisioned at locations where a fire has yet to break out, but may ignite in the future. The water flow can then be conveyed to that location if the fire path changes. This allows firefighters to stay ahead of a forest fire, even if the fire&#39;s advancing front changes direction in unexpected ways. The firefighting system of this application adopts a modular design, allowing for an ongoing supply of large amounts of water to remote fires. It is expected that embodiments of the present invention can supply in excess of 100 gallons of water per second to remote locations, thus solving many technical problems that arise when fighting forest fires of almost any magnitude and severity.  
           [0011]    Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 illustrates a water delivery system of the present invention, providing step-by-step transportation of water from a water source to a remote fire location.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of a portable water reservoir for comprising a water reservoir assembly unit in the system of FIG. 1.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 3 presents an isometric view of the portable reservoir of FIG. 2.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0015]    The present application discloses a system that can solve many problems encountered in fighting severe forest fires, by delivering a continual flow of a liquid, such as water, in practically unlimited quantities to a desired area, even if the area is remote and difficult to access (such as at remote wilderness locations, inside of coal mines, etc.).  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the firefighting system. As presently preferred, the system encompasses an interconnected grouping of reservoir assemblies, or units, with each unit being comprised of one or more interconnected, portable water reservoirs, such as the one illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.  
         [0017]    With particular reference to FIG. 1, a preferred system conveys water from a water reservoir  100  to one or more fire plugs or nozzles  112   a - 112   d  at a fire site  110 . The system includes reservoir assemblies, or groups of reservoirs  104   a - 104   e  positioned at intermediate locations between the water source  100  and the fire site  110 . The number and configuration of water reservoirs in each reservoir assembly  104   a - 104   e  can be varied, depending on the location topography and conditions, and the volume of water necessary to provide a sufficient flow rate at each fire plug or nozzle  112   a - 112   d  at the fire site  110 .  
         [0018]    Each reservoir assembly can be connected with conduit  106  to enable the flow of water to the desired location. The preferred conduit is commercially available fire hose  106  designed for use in forest fire applications. In certain applications, other forms of conduits, such as channels or fixed piping could alternatively or additionally be used.  
         [0019]    Pumps  102   a  &amp;  102   b  can also be provided to induce flow from the water source  100 , through the reservoir assemblies  104   a - 104   e  and to the fire site  110 . An initial pump  102   a  draws water from the water source and supplies it to a first reservoir assembly  104   a . Additional pumps  102   b  can be provided as necessary throughout the system to meet the flow requirements for conveying water from one reservoir assembly (e.g.,  104   b ) to the next assembly (e.g.,  104   c - 104   e ), and for delivering the desired amount of water to the fire site  110  through one or more fire plugs or nozzles  112   a - 112   d . The pumps can be operated via wireless control from a remote location so that pumping characteristics or paths can be varied from a safe distance, without having to send a firefighter into the fire zone to manually adjust a pump  102   a  &amp;  102   b.    
         [0020]    The fire plugs or nozzles  112   a - 112   d  at the fire site can be provided as sprinkler nozzles so that water can be distributed automatically at the fire site  110  without the need for a human operator being present. This helps reduce the risk of injury or death to firefighters. It also allows the system to provide preventative watering of areas where a fire is not yet burning, in order to prevent the fire from spreading to that location. For example, in a remote location where wildfires can threaten homes, each homeowner can store one or more of the portable reservoirs at their house. When a wildfire threat is present, the reservoirs can be connected to the system and water from the water source can keep the reservoirs full and supply adequate water to a sprinkler nozzle being used to continually douse the homeowner&#39;s property, even if the homeowner has evacuated and no firefighters are present.  
         [0021]    The modular nature of the system provides infinite flexibility in battling fires, which are dynamic in nature and frequently unpredictable. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize the advantages afforded by being able to select components to meet the particular water flow needs for a given application. For example, by including several water reservoir assemblies  104   a - 104   e  over a geographic expanse, smaller individual hoses  106  and smaller capacity pumps  102   a  &amp;  102   b  can be used. Hoses can have diameters of less than three inches, and sometimes even an inch or less. Pumps  102   a  &amp;  102   b  can be small gas operated pumps, because they only have to transport water over limited distances.  
         [0022]    Those skilled in the art will readily recognize the relationship between the hose size and length, storage capacity of the reservoir assemblies, and pumping capacity of the pumps. The goal is provide a sufficient supply of water to the fire site  110 . The paths to get there from the water source  100  can be practically infinite, and the presently disclosed firefighting system provides an equally flexible range of possible configurations. The size and number of the reservoirs, location and aggregate volume of the reservoir assemblies, capacity and operation of the pumps, and size and length of the hoses can all be selected and controlled to provide a desired quantity and constant flow of water from the water source  100  to the fire site  110  at the required locations  112   a - 112   d.    
         [0023]    The flexible, modular design of the water supply system also allows firefighters to adjust the water delivery to meet the changing requirements of the fire. For example, water from the water source  100  can be supplied through the first reservoir assembly group  104   a  and to the second reservoir assembly group  104   b . If the fire site  110  only encompasses locations  112   a - 112   c , a continual flow of water does not have to be provided through reservoir assembly  104   e . If the fire spreads, the pump  102   b  from reservoir assembly  104   e  can be activated to supply water to the nozzle  112   d . Operation of the pumps  102   a  &amp;  102   b  in the system can be controlled (manually or remotely via a wireless connection) to provide water flow when and where it is needed. Following standard principles of hydrodynamics ensures that continuity of flow is preserved and help prevent component of the system from running dry unexpectedly.  
         [0024]    Because many components are combined to provide the water distribution system with a significant cumulative capacity, the individual components can be selected so as to be small, for easy storage and transport, and inexpensive. Because water can be made available in practically unlimited quantities, the reservoir assemblies can be set up in a web throughout a fire zone. This allows the system to be used not just to attack a fire directly, but to contain it in a given location and prevent its further spread. If components are damaged in the fire, they can be easily and inexpensively replaced.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of a preferred portable reservoir in the present application. A plurality of water reservoirs  200  can be combined to form a reservoir assembly unit  104   a - 104   e  as shown of FIG. 1.  
         [0026]    With particular reference to FIG. 2, the portable reservoir  200  comprises a generally rigid still frame  202  that can be collapsed or disassembled for storage or transport. A section of waterproof fabric  206 , made of canvas, PVC or various other plastic or other waterproof materials, is supported on the frame  202  by a series of hangers  204 . The hangers can be separate from the frame  202  and fabric  206 , or they can be integrated into the frame  202  or fabric  206  (such as with an eye and hook coupling). Every reservoir can be easily assembled on threaded screwing elements (such as, for example, pipes, rods, or rebar). Additionally, straight or hinged sections of piping such as steel or aluminum tubing can be connected with fixed or removable corner connectors providing male-female couplings to hold the frame  202  in its assembled configuration of FIG. 2.  
         [0027]    In a preferred application, the reservoir  200  comprises a generally rectangular polyhedron. Each of the vertically planar sides of the reservoir  200  is preferred to have a connection port  208 . The connection ports allow multiple reservoirs  200  to be connected together in numerous ways using all available sides. Providing multiple connection ports on the reservoir in varied locations allows for numerous reservoirs  200  to be combined in many different configurations (such as those illustrated in FIG. 1). It is preferred that the connection ports are sized with a diameter larger than the typical hose  106  used to draw water from a pool. This allows for water to easily flow from one connected reservoir  200  to another faster than the rate at which the water is pumped from the reservoir. Port diameters of ten inches can provide sufficient flow.  
         [0028]    The reservoir  200  of FIG. 2 can also include one or more one-way valves to establish unidirectional flow between connected reservoirs in a reservoir assembly or at a pump connection. The one-way valve can be integrated into the connection port, or it can be provided as a separate component installed between two connected reservoirs or at a pump. Employing a one-way valve allows pumps to draw from the reservoirs  200  efficiently and the reservoirs  200  can be connected even on hillsides or sloped grades without having to worry about backflow significantly hindering the performance of the system.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the portable reservoir of FIG. 2 in isometric view. As shown in FIG. 3, the waterproof fabric  306  is suspended on the rigid frame  302  by several hangers  304 . FIG. 3 also illustrates four connection ports  308  integrated into the waterproof fabric  306  of the portable reservoir  300 .  
         [0030]    It will be obvious to those having skill in the art that many changes may be made to the details of the above-described embodiments without departing from the underlying principles of the invention. The scope of the present invention should, therefore, be determined only by the following claims.