Abstract:
A high voltage isolation barrier includes first and second capacitors, each having a first terminal connected to a system-side input signal source. A first diode is connected between second terminals of the first and second capacitors, and a second diode is connected to the second terminal of the first capacitor and to a first terminal of a third capacitor. Application of an alternating polarity squarewave across the first terminals of the first and second capacitors results in generation of a line side voltage on the third capacitor and in transfer of a clock signal at the squarewave frequency across the isolation barrier to the line side.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The subject invention relates generally to the field of communications and more particularly to circuitry designed to provide power and a clock signal across a high voltage isolation barrier. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Digital telephone coder-decoder circuits [CODEC&#39;s] are known in the prior art for performing digitization of voice signals. In order to operate a CODEC connected directly to a telephone line, it is necessary to provide a system clock and power to the line side of the high voltage isolation barrier. For a variety of reasons, locating a CODEC on the line side of the high voltage isolation barrier appears to the inventors to be a good approach to creating a VLSI device for a low cost, high performance telephone interface. 
     Conventionally, power has been transferred across the high voltage isolation barrier by a DC-to-DC converter or derived from the telephone line loop current. A system clock is sent across the barrier by a separate electrical circuit, extracted from the data, or generated locally on the line side, which is both expensive and inaccurate. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to the invention, a capacitive isolation device is constructed having a voltage rating selected for such purpose. A charge storage device is provided for accumulating charge and developing a line side voltage. The circuit is further designed such that when the capacitive isolation device is driven by a voltage signal of alternating polarity located on the system side of the barrier, the charge storage device accumulates a charge which produces the line side voltage, while at the same time a clock signal at the frequency of the signal of alternating polarity is transferred to the line side. 
     The invention further contemplates connecting first circuitry to the system side of a telephone line interface which facilitates transmission of a digital signal to the line side of the interface, as well as provides isolation between the system side and the line side, and then connecting said first circuitry to second circuitry which stores a voltage in response to application of the digital signal to the first circuitry. 
     The approach of the invention can be advantageously employed to provide a very reliable clock signal from a source on the system side of the high voltage isolation barrier to a CODEC or other component located on the line side of the high voltage isolation barrier. Jitter and duty cycle changes are minimal. When the CODEC is not operating, inactive sections of the line side VLSI device are preferably shut down by a system control circuit to conserve power. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The objects and features of the present invention, which are believed to be novel, are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages, may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, of which: 
     FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating the preferred embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram useful in illustrating operation of the preferred embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an input circuit useful in the embodiment of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram useful in illustrating operation of the preferred embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion  17  of the waveform of FIG. 4; and 
     FIG. 6 is a circuit schematic illustrating an application of the preferred embodiment of FIG.  1 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventors of carrying out their invention. Various modifications, however, will remain readily apparent to those skilled in the art. 
     The preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG.  1 . The circuit includes a capacitive isolation device, which in the preferred embodiment comprises first and second capacitors C 1 , C 2 . A first terminal  11  of the first capacitor C 1  is connected to receive an input signal, as is the first terminal  13  of the second capacitor C 2 . The second terminal of the first capacitor C 1  is connected to the cathode of a diode D 1 , while the second terminal of the second capacitor C 2  is connected to the anode of the diode D 1 . 
     The circuit of FIG. 1 further includes a charge storage device comprising a third capacitor C 3 . A first terminal of the third capacitor C 3  is connected to the anode of the diode of D 1 . A second terminal of the third capacitor C 3  is connected to the cathode of a second diode D 2  whose anode is connected to the second terminal of the capacitor C 1 . 
     In operation, the voltage developed across the third capacitor C 3  constitutes the output voltage VDD of the circuit, which is supplied to a line side device such as a CODEC. A digital signal, comprising in this case a system clock signal, for example for the CODEC, is tapped off the second terminal of the first capacitor C 1 . The clock signal may be either used directly, i.e., clock A or filtered by a capacitor C 4 , i.e., clock B. In other embodiments, the digital signal could be a data signal. 
     The circuit of FIG. 1 is driven by an input  12  which preferably comprises a square wave signal, as shown in FIG.  2 . The signal preferably applies a voltage of VCC to terminal  11  while terminal  13  is at 0 volts and then switches such that terminal  13  sees a voltage of VCC volts, while terminal  11  sees a voltage of 0 volts. The voltage VCC may be, for example, 5 volts in a specific embodiment of the invention. 
     The voltage VCC may be supplied by a driver circuit  113 , as shown in FIG.  3 . The driver circuit  113  receives an input on a line  115  from the system clock  116 , which provides a system clock signal at a frequency of, for example, 4 MHz. The system clock signal is provided via line  115  to the input of a noninverting driver  121  and via line  119  to the input of an inverting driver  123 . The output  125  of the noninverting driver  123  is connected to the first terminal  11 , while the output  127  of the inverting driver  123  is connected to the second terminal  13 . Each respective driver  121 ,  123  is connected to the source voltage VCC. 
     In a specific example, the first and second capacitors C 1  and C 2  may be 100 picoFarads(pF) while the third capacitor C 3  may be 1 microFarad. The fourth capacitor C 4 , if provided, may be 10 picoFarads(pF). The frequency of the input signal may be 4 megahertz (MHz). In such case, the output waveform across the third capacitor C 3  appears as shown in FIG.  4 . Essentially, when the voltage VCC appears at terminal  11  of the first capacitor C 1 , the first capacitor C 1  receives an incremental charge equal to, in the example under discussion, 1/10,000 of VCC. When the voltage switches, such that terminal  13  is at VCC relative to terminal  11 , the first capacitor C 1  is discharged and prepared for another incremental charge, which adds another 1/10,000 of VCC to the third capacitor C 3 . At 4 MHz this second charge is added 0.25 microseconds after the first charge. Accordingly, the voltage across the capacitor C 3  incrementally steps up with each cycle of the squarewave input as illustrated in FIG.  4  and in FIG. 5 which is a blown-up depiction of a region  17  of FIG.  4 . After a time interval determined by the values of the components and the load, the voltage across the third capacitor C 3  reaches the VCC level. 
     It will be observed that the diodes D 1 , D 2  facilitate the foregoing operation. In particular, the series diode D 2  allows charging current to flow to the third capacitor C 3  during half cycles where the terminal  11  is VCC, while the diode D 1  enables discharging the coupling capacitors C 1 , C 2  on the alternate half cycles when terminal  13  is at VCC. 
     The first and second capacitors C 1  and C 2  provide a high voltage isolation barrier. For example, if the barrier is to be 1,000 volts, the first and second capacitors C 1 , C 2  are rated for 1,000 volts, whereas if the barrier is to be 2,000 volts, the capacitors C 1 , C 2  would be rated at 2,000 volts. The values of the first and second capacitors C 1  and C 2  themselves are only important to determining how much power can be transferred across the barrier. For example, if the 100 pF value for C 1  and C 2  is changed to 1,000 pF, more power will be transferred across the barrier. The value of the third capacitor C 3  affects how much ripple will appear in the voltage VDD. For example, if the third capacitor C 3  is increased to 100 microFarads, a much lower ripple will be experienced. How quickly the staircase waveform of FIGS. 4 and 5 rises depends on the values of the capacitors C 1 , C 2 , C 3  and the load. 
     A significant advantage of the circuit of FIG. 1 is that it permits the harnessing of power which would otherwise be wasted in transmitting the clock across the high voltage interface. Thus, a high frequency system clock and a useful supply voltage is transferred by the circuit of the preferred embodiment to the line side of the telephone interface. 
     The circuit of the present embodiment provides high voltage isolation. For example, it could provide 1500 volt isolation via use of 1500 v capacitors C 1 , C 2  for lightning protection as required FCC Part  68 , subpart D. Typically, the system side is grounded to earth ground through a power cord or other means. The preferred embodiment permits the tip and ring of a modem, for example, which resides on the line side to go up to 1500 volts, while the system side stays at ground level. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates a system implementation of the circuit of FIG.  1 . In this implementation, the terminals  11  and  13  of the capacitors C 1  and C 2  are connected to a system-side apparatus  21 , which may comprise, for example, a computer, a modem or a fax machine. The output of the circuit of FIG. 1 is shown connected to a voltage supply point of a data access arrangement (DAA)  23  which receives the tip and ring lead  25  from the telephone company. As indicated above, the DAA may include a VLSI CODEC circuit. By application of the preferred embodiment, the 4 MHz system clock frequency appearing on the system side is made to appear on the line side for supply to the VLSI CODEC circuit  37 . 
     Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments according to the invention can employ periodic waveforms other than a squarewave, and can, in fact, employ non-periodic waveforms, as long as the waveform or signal includes transitions therein to create a charging/discharging operation such as that facilitated by the diodes D 1  and D 2  in the preferred embodiment. 
     Those skilled in the art will thus appreciate that various adaptations and modifications of the just-described preferred embodiment can be configured without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described herein.