Abstract:
With conventional redrivers used for external Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (eSATA), there is no ability to indicated to a host that an external device (like a hard disk drive) is not present. As a result, power is consumed by a host because of nearly continual transmission of communication reset signals. Here, a redriver has been provided that includes a cable disconnect terminal and circuitry within a controller that is able to detect whether an external device is present. This redriver enables a host to be powered down or placed in a low power mode while also enabling the use an eSATA compliant connector.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The invention relates generally to a redriver and, more particularly, to a redriver for a bus interface. 
     BACKGROUND 
     For the standards for Peripheral Component Interface Express (PCIe) version 2.7 (dated Jan. 15, 2007) and Universal Serial Bus (USB) version 3.0 (dated Nov. 17, 2008), each protocol provides seamless mechanisms to detect cable connections, which is accomplished through the use a receive or RX detect feature. However, the Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) revision 2.6 standard (which dated Mar. 7, 2007 and which is incorporated by reference for all purposes) does not specify any way to detect cable attachment or detachment for either cabled or socket applications. This deficiency poses a disadvantage for mobile applications (i.e., notebook personal computers (PCs)) that support an external-SATA (eSATA) port. 
     Turning to  FIG. 1 , an example of a conventional system  100  can be seen. System  100  generally comprises a host system  102  that communicates with an external device  104  (i.e., a hard disk drive) through a SATA compliant cable  106 . To accomplish this, cable  106  is coupled to an external-SATA (eSATA) compliant connector  108 , and a redriver  110  (such as the Texas Instruments Incorporated&#39;s SN75LVCP412) provides communications between connector  108  and SATA host  112  over communication link  114 . With this configuration and when the external device  104  is disconnected or detached, host  112  continuously sends communication reset signals (or out-of-band signals) to initiate a response from the external device  104 , which may be connected at any time. Needless to say, the nearly continuous transmission of the communication reset signals from the host can waste a considerable amount of power. 
     To address this solution, at least in part, the SN75LVCP412 from Texas Instruments Incorporated uses an Auto Low Power (ALP) Mode. In particular, this ALP mode is entered when there is not differential transaction or the link to the external device is in an electrical idle state. However, this redrive, like many other redrivers, only addresses power consumption by the redriver; the host may continue to use power through the transmission of communication reset signals. Therefore, there is a need for a method and/or apparatus that performs cable detection and reduces power consumption. 
     SUMMARY 
     A preferred embodiment of the present invention, accordingly, provides an apparatus. The apparatus comprises a first data terminal that is adapted to be coupled to an external device; a second data terminal that is adapted to be coupled to a host; a cable disconnect terminal that is adapted to be coupled to a host; a driver that is coupled to input terminal and the output terminal; a detector that is coupled to the driver; and a controller that is coupled to the detector and the cable disconnect terminal, wherein the controller determines whether the external device is coupled to the first data terminal, and wherein the controller issues a cable disconnect signal through the cable disconnect terminal to disable the host if the external device is not coupled to the first data terminal. 
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driver further comprises a first driver and wherein the controller further comprises: a first logic circuit that receives an open detect signal; a first delay line that is coupled to the first logic gate; a second delay line that is coupled to the first logic gate; a second logic circuit that is coupled to the first delay line and the second delay line, wherein the second logic circuit is clocked by the second delay line; a reset circuit that is coupled to the second logic circuit; and a second driver that is coupled to the second logic circuit and to the cable disconnect terminal. 
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first logic circuit is an AND-gate that receives the open detect signal and an enable signal. 
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second logic circuit is a D-flip-flop having an input terminal, a clock terminal, and a preset terminal, wherein the input terminal of the D flip-flop is coupled to the first delay line, and wherein the clock terminal is coupled to the second delay line, and wherein the pre-set terminal is coupled to the reset circuit. 
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second delay line further comprises a plurality of inverters coupled in series with one another. 
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first delay line further comprises an inverter. 
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reset circuit further comprises: a timer that receives a power-on-reset signal; a third logic circuit that receives the enable signal and a preset signal and that is coupled to the timer; a third delay line that is coupled to the third logic circuit; a fourth logic circuit that receives a return signal and the preset signal; a fifth logic circuit that is coupled to the third delay line and the third logic circuit; and a sixth logic circuit that is coupled to the is coupled to the fourth logic circuit, the fifth logic circuit, and the preset terminal of the D flip-flop. 
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the AND-gate further comprises a first AND-gate, wherein the first and second terminals are differential, and wherein the apparatus further comprises an equalizer that is coupled between the first terminal and the driver, and wherein the third logic circuit further comprises a NAND-gate, and wherein the fourth logic circuit further comprises a second AND-gate, and wherein the fifth logic circuit further comprises and OR-gate, and wherein the sixth logic circuit further comprises a third AND-gate. 
     In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises a host; a connector that is adapted to be coupled to an external device; and a redriver having: a first pair of differential data terminals that are coupled to the connector; a second pair of differential data terminals that are coupled to the host; a third pair of differential data terminals that are coupled to the connector; a fourth pair of differential data terminals that are coupled to the host; a cable disconnect terminal that coupled to the host; a first equalizer that is coupled to the second pair of differential input terminals; a first driver that is coupled to the first equalizer and the first pair of differential input terminals; a second equalizer that is coupled to the third pair of differential input terminals; a second driver that is coupled to the second equalizer and the fourth pair of differential input terminals; a first detector that is coupled to the first driver; a second detector that is coupled to the second driver; and a controller that is coupled to the detector and the cable disconnect terminal, wherein the controller determines whether the external device is coupled to the first data terminal, and wherein the controller issues a cable disconnect signal through the cable disconnect terminal to disable the host if the external device is not coupled to the first data terminal. 
     The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and the specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       For a more complete understanding of the present invention, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a conventional system; 
         FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an example of system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of an example of the redriver of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram of a portion of the controller of  FIG. 3 ; and 
         FIG. 5  is a flow chart depicting an example of at least a portion of the operation of the redriver of  FIG. 2 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Refer now to the drawings wherein depicted elements are, for the sake of clarity, not necessarily shown to scale and wherein like or similar elements are designated by the same reference numeral through the several views. 
     Turning to  FIGS. 2-4 , a system  200  in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention can be seen. System  200  is similar to system  100 , except that host  202  includes a redriver  204 , which is able to provide a cable disconnect signal over cable disconnect link  204 . The redriver  204  generally comprises a two channel SATA (rev. 2.6) compliant redriver that supports data rates up to 3.0 Gbps. Each of the channels of the redriver  204  generally comprises a pair of differential input terminals RX 1 P/RX 1 M or RX 2 P/RX 2 M, a pair of differential output terminals TX 1 P/TX 1 M or TX 2 P/TX 2 M, an equalizer  302 - 1  or  302 - 2 , a driver  304 - 1  or  304 - 2 , a detector  306 - 1  or  306 - 2 , and a controller  308 . Using the first channel as an example, in operation, a signal is received through its input terminals RX 1 P/RX 1 M, equalized by equalizer  302 - 1 , and driven by driver  304 - 1 . Additionally, for the first channel, detector  306 - 1  (which operates as a return squelch detector) enables full detection of out-of-bounds signals (i.e., amplitude of the received signal is lower than a predetermined threshold). 
     Of interest, however, is the controller  308 . Controller  308  is able to determine whether external device  104  is coupled to connector  108 , and when there is no connection present, the controller  308  can issue a cable disconnect signal through the cable disconnect terminal CD (which is generally coupled to the cable disconnect link  206 ). To accomplish this, controller  308  preferably uses a D flip-flop  408 , an AND-gate  410 , and driver  412 , where the flip-flop is generally controlled by an input circuit and a reset circuit. The input circuit generally comprises an AND-gate  402  that receives an enable signal EN and an internal cable disconnect signal OPENDET (which can be provided detector  306 - 1  or  306 - 2 ) and delay lines  404  and  406 . Typically, delay line  404  (which generally comprises an inverter) provides a signal to the D or input terminal of flip-flop  408 , while delay line (which generally comprises a several inverters coupled in series with one another and which is generally longer than delay line  406 ) provides a clocking signal to the clocking input of flip-flop  408 . The reset circuit generally comprises a timer  414  (which is about 10 ms and that receives a power-on reset signal POR), an NAND-gate  416  (which is coupled to the timer  414  and receives the enable signal EN and preset signal PS), delay line  408  (which generally comprises a several inverters coupled in series with one another), an AND-gate  420  (which receives an inverted squelch return signal RETURN and the preset signal PS), an OR-gate  422  (which is coupled to NAND-gate  416  and delay line  418  and receive an inverted enable signal EN and an inverter preset signal PS), and AND-gate  424  (which is coupled to OR-gate  422 , AND-gate  420 , and the preset terminal of flip-flop  408 ). 
     When the internal cable disconnect signal OPENDET transmitted to controller  308  is logic high or “1” (and the enable signal EN is logic high or “1”), AND-gate  402  outputs a “1” to delay lines  404  and  406 . Because delay line  404  is typically shorter than delay line  406 , the output from AND-gate  402  transmitted through delay line  404  reaches the D flip-flop  408  prior to the output from AND-gate  402  transmitted through delay line  406 . Once the output from AND-gate  402  transmitted through delay line  406  reaches the flip-flop  408 , a logic high or “1” is output to AND-gate  410 , and since the enable signal EN is “1”, AND-gate  410  outputs a “1.” This output from AND-gate  410  is driven by driver  412  and is provided to terminal CD. This “1” presented at terminal CD reflects a detection that external device  104  is not present or the link is idled. 
     Turning now to  FIG. 5 , a flow chart depicting a least a portion of the operation of redriver  204  can be seen. At power-up, a determination is made in step  504  as to whether the preset signal PS (which is generally provided through a preset terminal) is “1”, which indicates whether the cable detect is active. If the preset signal PS is “0” (cable is inactive), then the redriver  204  enters an ALP mode in step  506 . Alternatively, if the preset signal PS is “1” (cable is active) at power-up, then redriver  204  enters an indeterminate state in step  502 , where the terminal CD can present a “1” (step  510 ) or a “0” (step  514 ). From this indeterminate state, the present signal PS (and its corresponding terminal) are switched to “0” in step  520 , while the redriver  204  (which is generally an integrated circuit or IC) is active, so that the redriver  204  can enter the ALP mode in step  506 . With the redriver  204  in ALP mode, there is periodic checking in step  508  to determine whether the present signal PS is “1.” Once the preset signal PS is “1,” terminal CD is set to present a “0” in step  510 . When terminal CD has been adjusted to present a “0” and external device  104  is present, the initial state is correct, but if terminal CD has been adjusted to present a “0” and external device  104  is missing, then the state is corrected in step  514  by setting terminal CD to present a “1” when a high swing is detected (chirp detect circuit that is generally included in controller  308  determines there is a missing load) in step  512 . If terminal CD is “1” and an external device  114  is present, terminal CD is set to present a “0” in step  510 , and when the return squelch circuit (generally included in detectors  306 - 1  and  306 - 2 ) sets the return signal RETURN to present a “1” in step  516  or when the host transmits a signal in step  518  and a high swing is detected in step  512 . 
     As a result, several advantages can be realized. Redriver  204  uses an eSATA (rev. 2.6) compliant connector without the need for any special, non-compliant adapters. Also, redriver  204  enables host  112  to be powered down or placed in a low power mode so as to reduce power consumption, which can be particularly advantageous for mobile applications where battery life can be extended. 
     Having thus described the present invention by reference to certain of its preferred embodiments, it is noted that the embodiments disclosed are illustrative rather than limiting in nature and that a wide range of variations, modifications, changes, and substitutions are contemplated in the foregoing disclosure and, in some instances, some features of the present invention may be employed without a corresponding use of the other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of the invention.