Abstract:
An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a method, system, and storage medium for providing a dynamic multi-dimensional commodity modeling process. The system includes a data collection component operable for collecting raw data, a dynamic multi-dimensional commodity model component, and a commodity tree generated by the dynamic multi-dimensional commodity model component. The system also includes a closed loop/corrective action component operable for resolving nonconformance issues resulting from analysis of the raw data and commodity tree, and an analytic engine in communication with the data collection component, the multi-dimensional commodity model component, and the closed loop/corrective action component. The analytic engine receives the raw data from the data collection component, receives the commodity tree, performs analytics on the raw data according to rules defined by the commodity tree, and transmits any nonconformance data resulting from performing the analytics to the closed loop/correction action component for resolution of any identified nonconformances.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 10/652,017, filed Aug. 29, 2003, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     The present invention relates generally to quality management systems, and more particularly, the invention relates to a method, system, and storage medium for providing a dynamic multi-dimensional commodity modeling process for implementation via a quality management system. 
     Manufacturing operations typically involve some degree of monitoring production quality performance and provide quality control capability by monitoring and analyzing quality data. While various software applications exist for facilitating these activities, they are generally limited to a fixed set of programs that analyze and monitor quality data across static product characteristics. For example, in a hardware manufacturing environment, such technology may provide the capability of monitoring power supplies, specific suppliers, a unique part number, etc. Any desire to change the analytics or product dimensions to be monitored results in the need for extensive hard-code changes to the computing application or query. Attempts to rewrite software queries that will measure atypical characteristics take time, such as a few hours to several days. Thus, the ability to change performance monitoring and control actions across multiple part dimensions or characteristics in near real-time is not feasible. 
     This problem becomes significant in large manufacturing operations where thousands, or tens of thousands, of component parts are utilized for production, especially when many of these parts have common characteristics (e.g., same supplier, same function, same size, etc.). In these operations, there exists a near daily need to analyze quality data in a variety of ways to understand part performance issues. The dynamic need to change analytics across multiple dimensions presents significant problems with existing processes and technology. This problem is most evident in manufacturing operations where complex products are produced in a “build-to-order” environment with a high degree of featurability. As operations move from mass production of like products to customized assemblies with a lot size of one, simple analytics such as failure rates are ineffective in characterizing performance. 
     What is needed, therefore, is a way to provide flexible, commodity data modeling that allows for analysis criteria to be alterable in a near real-time environment. 
     SUMMARY 
     An exemplary embodiment of the invention relates to a method, system, and storage medium for providing a dynamic multi-dimensional commodity modeling process. The system includes a data collection component operable for collecting raw data, a dynamic multi-dimensional commodity model component, and a commodity tree generated by the dynamic multi-dimensional commodity model component. The system also includes a closed loop/corrective action component operable for resolving nonconformance issues resulting from analysis of the raw data and commodity tree, and an analytic engine in communication with the data collection component, the multi-dimensional commodity model component, and the closed loop/corrective action component. The analytic engine receives the raw data from the data collection component, receives the commodity tree, performs analytics on the raw data according to rules defined by the commodity tree, and transmits any nonconformance data resulting from performing the analytics to the closed loop/correction action component for resolution of any identified nonconformances. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Referring now to the drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several FIGURES: 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram illustrating a quality management system upon which the multi-dimensional commodity modeling process is implemented in an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 2  is a diagram of the features of the multi-dimensional commodity model component of a quality management system in an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 3  is a flowchart describing a two-phase process of the multi-dimensional commodity model component for building a commodity tree structure in an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 4  is a diagram of a level  1  commodity constituent model that is associated with the CCM level  1  phase in an exemplary embodiment; 
         FIG. 5  is a diagram of a level  2  commodity constituent model that is associated with the CCM level  2  phase in an exemplary embodiment; and 
         FIG. 6  is a diagram of a sample commodity tree created by the multi-dimensional commodity modeling component in an exemplary embodiment. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Embodiments of the invention include a multi-dimensional commodity model process, which as implemented, facilitates an on-demand quality monitoring and control process that is tailorable to meet the needs of any quality management system as well as for use in any industry. By developing a unique data modeling approach, this process provides the capability to automatically monitor performance on an unlimited number of elements, across any number of dimensions, utilizing multiple analytic algorithms without changes in program hard-coding. This modeling approach also provides the ability to change the time history of the data being analyzed, providing additional flexibility in performance monitoring across the dimension of time. Integration of this data modeling approach into an existing quality management system produces a dynamic ability to facilitate real-time quality performance monitoring and control. While embodiments of the invention are described herein with respect to an electronics manufacturing industry, it will be understood that the multi-dimensional commodity model may be applied to any industry that performs quality management functions. Thus, the examples provided with respect to the electronics industry are intended for purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting in scope. 
     The following definitions are supplied in reference to the components of the multi-dimensional commodity model. 
     Commodity. As used herein, a commodity refers to a high-level (e.g., top level) grouping of elements that are arranged according to relationship factors. For example, in the electronics industry, commodities might include power supplies, mechanical parts, cables, electronics and decorative covers. 
     Sub-commodity. A sub-commodity refers to a more granular grouping of a commodity used to detail the sub-elements of a commodity. A sub-commodity can have multiple sub-commodities identified within it (i.e., nested sub-commodities) to define things such as classification, reliability, physical characteristics, naming convention, supplier or marketing preferences or any other suitable attributes. An example of sub-commodities for an electronics commodity might be memory, processors, and input/output devices. 
     Constituent. A constituent refers to the detailed component or basic foundational unit or element of a commodity from which measurements are performed. For example, under the sub-commodity processors, a specific constituent might be a part number ‘99X9999’. 
     Node. A node refers to any level of grouping of commodities, sub-commodities, or constituents in a commodity tree for the purpose of performing an analysis. 
     A commodity tree refers to a hierarchical data structure for a commodity including associated sub-commodities and constituents and is created by the multi-dimensional commodity model process. Commodity trees comprise a top level node(s), optional secondary level nodes (e.g., sub-commodities and nested subcommodities), and leaf level nodes (e.g., constituent nodes). The nodes of the commodity tree are assigned uniform attributes and dimensional attributes. These attributes are then inherited down the commodity tree to all applicable dependent nodes. 
     Commodity constituent model Level  1  (CCM L 1 ). A set of attributes that defines the uniform characteristics of interest associated with nodes for a particular commodity and for which analytics are to be performed. 
     Commodity constituent model Level  2  (CCM L 2 ). A set of attributes that defines the dimensions to analyze, along with the associated trends and patterns of interest, for any particular node in any commodity tree. 
       FIG. 1  is a block diagram describing the multi-dimensional commodity model in the context of a quality management system (QMS) environment. It will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that the multi-dimensional commodity model may be implemented in any environment that desires to analyze large amounts of data in a variety of ways; thus, the on-demand QMS  100  of  FIG. 1  is described herein for illustration and is not intended to be limiting in scope. The QMS  100  may comprise a commercial quality management application or may be IBM&#39;s Product Quality Management System™. Further, while the invention is described with respect to a specific manufacturing industry, i.e., electronics, it will be understood that the modeling features of the multi-dimensional commodity model may be applied to any industry that may benefit from utilizing a quality management system. The four components of QMS  100  comprise: data collection  102 , multi-dimensional commodity model  104 , analytic engine  106 , and closed loop/corrective action  108 . 
     Data collection component  102  provides performance and parametric data to analytic engine  106  by collecting all relevant data spanning a range of activities from the procurement of raw materials to customer installation and return of products and components. The process performed by data collection component  102  is highly dependent on the product characteristics from commodity to commodity. For example, in an electronics manufacturing environment, high-cost storage subsystems may require more detail and component information than a label that is valued under a dollar. Additionally the performance data for a supplier sourced assembly may include the details of the assembly or could be a ‘pass/fail’ of the assembly itself. 
     Multi-dimensional commodity model component  104  provides an efficient method to dynamically select what data (e.g., commodities, sub-commodities, constituents) to analyze, how to analyze it, and what patterns and trends to look for. These models are created by multi-dimensional commodity model component  104  and act as a virtual set of controls that allow QMS analytics to be modeled in multiple ways. The inheritance properties of these models, along with their two-level design, provide virtually unlimited capability to analyze a variety of attributes and dimensions, to change these attributes and dimensions at will, while maintaining uniform characteristics for each commodity. The reliance on hard-coded queries and applications known in the art and existing in current solutions can be eliminated. The process performed by the multi-dimensional commodity model  104  results in a set of commodity constituent models and is described further herein. 
     Analytic engine  106  applies the commodity constituent models created by multi-dimensional commodity model  104 . It also prunes the data as defined by the commodity constituent models and applies analytics to the pruned data as defined by the commodity constituent models. Analytic engine  106  also runs secondary analysis on the analytic output to identify nonconforming trends and patterns as defined by the commodity constituent models and automatically notifies all nonconforming trends to the closed loop/corrective action process  108 . 
     The process  110  of analytic engine  106  represents an instantiation of a set of commodity constituent models from  104 . Process  112  utilizes the commodity constituent model attributes instantiated in process  110  to prune the data from data collection component  102 . The output of process  112  is the pruned data of constituents identified by the commodity constituent models having attributes and dimensions that meet the criteria provided in the model. The output of process  112  is used by process  114 . Process  114  performs the analysis defined by the commodity constituent models on the pruned data. The output of process  114  is a set of analytics for the dimensions specified in the commodity constituent models. Process  116  takes the analytics output by process  114  and performs a secondary analysis that looks for patterns and trends, which are also defined by the commodity constituent model, identifying those constituents that match the patterns and trends (referred to as nonconformances). Process  116  then automatically generates a message or alert to the closed/loop corrective action component  108  identifying the nonconformances so that action can be taken to alleviate future nonconformances. 
     Closed loop/corrective action process  108  drives problems, issues, or nonconformance items to closure. While the multi-dimensional commodity model component  104  defines the dimensions to be analyzed and the trends and patterns to search for, the process described in closed loop/corrective action component  108  is the “action end” of the system whereby identified nonconformances are assigned to owners and a pragmatic, closed-loop process is employed to ensure the appropriate corrective actions have been taken for each nonconformance. 
     Multi-dimensional commodity model  104  comprises a commodity hierarchy data structure and level  1  attributes referred to as commodity constituent model level  1  (CCM L 1 )  202  as shown in  FIG. 2 . As described above, CCM L 1   202  refers to a set of attributes that defines the uniform characteristics of interest associated with a particular commodity for all analytics to be performed. Multi-dimensional commodity model  104  also comprises a number of dimensions and level  2  dimensional attributes referred to as commodity constituent model level  2  (CCM L 2 )  204 . As described above CCM L 2   204  refers to a set of attributes, that defines the dimensions to analyze, along with the associated trends and patterns of interest, for any particular element in any particular commodity model. These attributes and dimensions are dynamically alterable via the multi-dimensional commodity model component  104  during instantiation of the analytic process. Commodity tree  206  combines the elements provided in CCM L 1   202  and CCM L 2   204 . A sample commodity tree is shown in greater detail in  FIG. 6 . Once created, commodity tree  206  is ready to be processed by analytic engine  106  as described above in  FIG. 1 . 
     A commodity tree is created by the multi-dimensional commodity model  104  utilizing a two-phase process as described in  FIG. 3 . The first phase of the process is to establish the base commodity hierarchy which defines the relationships between commodities, sub-commodities (as well as nested sub-commodities, if desired), and the constituents that are assigned to those sub-commodities. This process builds a set of tree data structures for assigning the CCM L 1  attributes and CCM L 2  dimensional attributes. An individual accesses the multi-dimensional commodity model  104  of QMS  100  at step  302 . Initial assignment of commodities and sub-commodities to constituents is performed at step  304 . All attributes that provide uniform characteristics during the CCM L 1  phase to each commodity tree are established at step  306 . Attributes can be user-defined according to the type of quality management system used and the nature of the industry utilizing the multi-dimensional commodity model  104 . The attributes defined for a manufacturing industry may include sampling criteria, period definition, history definition, type of measure/analytic or any other attribute desired. At step  308 , it is determined whether additional attributes are to be defined. If there are additional attributes to be defined, the process reverts back to step  304 . If, on the other hand, all the attributes have been assigned, the second phase begins. 
     The second phase establishes dimensions for analyzing each commodity. At step  310 , the commodity tree created by steps  302 - 308  is examined to determine which nodes or level in the commodity tree are to be analyzed. At step  312 , it is determined what patterns or trends at the nodes/level within the tree are to be analyzed. These trends or patterns may include elements such as performance tolerances, noise filters, oscillation thresholds or trends, consecutive trending, and negative performance threshold. At step  314 , it is determined whether there are additional nodes or levels to be analyzed. If there are additional nodes or levels to be analyzed, the process reverts to step  310 . Once all of the attributes have been established for each commodity, the resulting commodity tree is created at step  316  and may be immediately utilized by analytic engine  106  to search, analyze and indicate the results of the intended mapping at step  318 . The model is instantiated for each execution of analytic engine  106 , and thus the controls and dials of the commodity constituent model can be changed virtually in real-time, anytime, and subsequent cycles will run with each new model instantiation. 
     In an alternative embodiment, a user may access the multi-dimensional commodity model  104  at step  320  and bypass the CCM L 1  phase definitions if desired. This may be desirable where attributes for CCM L 1  have already been established and it is not necessary to access these features. 
       FIG. 4  illustrates a level  1  commodity constituent model  202  produced by the multi-dimensional commodity model  104 . The modeling of the commodity hierarchy and CCM L 1  attributes build the base commodity hierarchy for each commodity and provides uniform characteristics to each commodity tree. This tree can be created, changed, and updated in real time and is the base infrastructure for all analysis for the analytic engine. The attributes assigned during this phase are only used when CCM L 2  selection is made on a particular node in the tree. 
     It is important to note that all analytics are derived from the detailed constituents where the actual performance occurs. This process builds a set of data structures that represents several n-level tertiary trees where the top node in each tree represents the overall commodity  402  and the leaf nodes (also referred to as constituents)  406  end up as the detailed constituents to be analyzed as demonstrated in  FIG. 4 . 
     Commodity  402  may have sub-commodities  404  and nested sub-commodities  405  that are 0 . . . n levels deep to provide granular sub-groupings. These nodes are only analyzed when CCM L 2  selections are made at these particular levels within the commodity tree. The number of sub-commodities  404  and nested sub-commodities  405  may be user-defined. However, every constituent  406  is directly assigned to one and only one dependent node within a commodity tree. Other commodity trees can use the same constituents but not within the same tree. CCM L 1  criteria is assigned at the commodity level and inherited to every node in the tree in order to ensure that all nodes have all uniform characteristics assigned. 
     Examples of uniform attributes  408  may include sampling criteria, period definition, history definition, and type of measure/analytic. Sampling criteria defines what data to sample such as product types, operations, steps, sources, etc. Period definition defines the unit of time to apply the specified analytic such as hour, day, week, or month. History definition defines the number of periods to be applied to the specified analytic. Type of measure/analytic defines the type of analytic to be applied such as standard Shewhart Control Charts (i.e., p-chart, np-chart, u-chart, or other similar charts. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates a level  2  commodity constituent model  204 . The modeling of the CCM L 2  attributes establishes what dimensions are to be analyzed for each commodity. This process includes examining the entire commodity tree and selecting which nodes (e.g., level in the tree or model) and what patterns or trends at that level within the tree will be assigned dimensional attributes for analysis. The level  2  process updates tertiary trees created in the first part of the CCM process (Level  1 )  202  with the dimensions and trends specified for each node within the tree as demonstrated in  FIG. 5 . CCM Level  2  is applied to the commodity tree by assigning “none”, “any”, or “all” nodes in the tree at each node level. These assignments are inherited down the tree to every dependent node in the tree that has a CCM L 2 . All leaf nodes (i.e., constituents)  406  inherit all CCM level  2  criteria regardless of whether the leaf node has a CCM level  2  assigned or not. Only nodes that result in a CCM level  2  assigned, either directly or inherited, will be analyzed. 
     Typical monitoring dimensions such as dimensions  502 - 508  used by the multi-dimensional commodity model  104  may include performance tolerances, noise filters, oscillation thresholds or trends, consecutive trending, negative performance threshold, and any other dimensions desired. Assignment of dimensions  502 - 508  to the commodity structure defines what will be analyzed (e.g., node) and establishes inheritance attributes. Performance tolerances define standard deviations from the mean. Noise filters define what is statistically significant sample size per period. Oscillation thresholds or trends define unwanted change oscillating around the mean within limits. Consecutive trending defines significant trending (negative or positive). Negative performance threshold defines absolute value limits regardless of sample size or trend. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates a sample commodity tree  206  produced by the multi-dimensional commodity model and describes its dimensions and inheritance properties. The sample commodity tree  206  demonstrates how dimensions are assigned and inherited and result in analyzed dimensions of a commodity tree. In the commodity tree  206  of  FIG. 6 , the commodity constituent mapping is a simple tree consisting of two sub-commodities with three constituents categorized or related to sub-commodity  1  and one constituent related to sub-commodity  2 . The quality engineer or other professional has assigned four specific dimensions to be analyzed directly. This includes all the attributes assigned by the level  2  attributes. The four dimensions  502 - 508  were assigned at different levels within the commodity tree as shown in  FIG. 5 . Dimension A  502  was assigned to the entire Commodity  1 . Dimension B  504  was assigned to the entire sub-commodity  2 , dimension C  506  was assigned for the specific constituent  1 , and dimension D  508  was assigned for the specific constituent  2 . 
     The inheritance policy of the commodity constituent model L 2  results in the following: 
     Since dimension A  502  was assigned at the highest level—the commodity, every node in the tree that is either identified to be analyzed by another assignment of a dimension or every constituent under commodity  1  inherits dimension A  502  attributes. In this example, this means that since sub-commodity  1  is not specified as a dimension to be analyzed, it is slipped and no inheritance occurred. On the contrary, since sub-commodity  2  has been identified as an analyzed dimension (by assignment of dimension B  504 ), sub-commodity  2  also inherits dimension A  502  which implies sub-commodity  2  will be analyzed with dimension A  502  and B  504  attributes. The secondary effect of assigning dimensions at the commodity level is that all root nodes (i.e., constituents  1 - 4 ) are automatically assigned dimension A  502  to be analyzed. In this example, the assignment of dimension A  502  resulted in five inherited dimensions to sub-commodity  2  and constituents  1 - 4   406 . Since dimension B  504  was assigned for sub-commodity  2 , not only is sub-commodity  2  analyzed to this dimension, but also inherited to constituent  4 . Thus constituent  4  now is assigned both dimension A  502  and B  504  to be analyzed. Dimension C  506  was assigned to constituent  1  and dimension D  508  was assigned to constituent  2  which are the lowest levels in the commodity model. All dimensions assigned at the constituent level are not inherited by any other nodes and results in a pure analysis assigned only to this constituent in this commodity tree. The net impact of the assignment of the four dimensions (A, B, C, and D) resulted in a total of 9 dimensions analyzed where six of the dimensions are a result of the inheritance policy. 
     Although all dimensions are assigned at different levels within the commodity tree, it is important to note that all dimensions are derived from the detailed constituents. Since the CCM L 1  attributes established uniform characteristics across all nodes under the commodity, these analyses and analytics are derived from the bottom up from the nodes that inherited its properties as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . 
     The data modeling approach described above delivers multi-dimensional flexibility in quality data analysis without the need for extensive program hard-coding or rewrites. This invention is readily integrated into existing quality management systems. As a result, this invention becomes an enabler for dynamic queries of quality data in near real-time. As business operations and products change over time, this data modeling approach facilitates rapid changes in quality performance monitoring activities. The quality control and monitoring process enabled by this invention delivers the platform for time relevant quality data analysis, analysis of patterns and trends, predictive indicators, and uncovering the quality ‘needle in the haystack’. 
     As described above, the present invention can be embodied in the form of computer-implemented processes and apparatuses for practicing those processes. The present invention can also be embodied in the form of computer program code containing instructions embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other computer-readable storage medium, wherein, when the computer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer, the computer becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. The present invention can also be embodied in the form of computer program code, for example, whether stored in a storage medium, loaded into and/or executed by a computer, or transmitted over some transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring or cabling, through fiber optics, or via electromagnetic radiation, wherein, when the computer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer, the computer becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. When implemented on a general-purpose microprocessor, the computer program code segments configure the microprocessor to create specific logic circuits. 
     While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that the present invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation.