Abstract:
The disclosure is directed to a hydraulic cylinder with an improved cushion device thereon to enhance the operational characteristics thereof. A cushion pin is affixed to the cylinder piston by a cap screw in such a manner that the cushion pin can float about the screw relative to the piston. Optional orifices in the cushion pin provide an additional fluid flow passage whereby the metering action between the pin and a fluid flow port to the cylinder is different for retraction and extension of the piston.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 010,570, filed Feb. 9, 1979, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is directed generally to hydraulic cylinders, and specifically to a hydraulic cylinder with an improved cushion device thereon. 
     Modern industry has found many important functions for hydraulic cylinders which were heretofore met by more complex and costly mechanical mechanisms. The invention herein described and claimed relates primarily to hydraulic cylinders which must change speed at the end of a stroke to absorb the shock produced by a high mass workload and/or high piston speed. 
     The concept of a cushion pin is not per se new. An example can be found in the bale wagon art, where, some time ago it was observed that the cylinder which rapidly raises and lowers the heavy second table (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,088,231) encountered severe undesirable shock loads, particularly at the end of the retraction phase of the cycle. The solution to this problem was envisioned to be the employment of a rigid pin on the face of the cylinder piston which moved into and out of a fluid flow port to restrict the flow of hydraulic fluid therethrough, and, thus, break or &#34;cushion&#34; the motion of the piston. The cushion pin used was rigidly affixed to the piston face and had to be carefully sized and oriented relative to the fluid flow port. While the fixed pin concept improved the cylinder operation, it was impossible to build such a mechanism with very small clearances between the pin and the walls of the fluid flow port. As one of skill in the art will readily appreciate, inherent machining tolerances permit a minimum clearance between concentric circular components of about 1/32 of an inch. Since much smaller clearances are often desirable, the prior art permitted only a limited selection of cylinder operating characteristics. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is, therefore, an object of the instant invention to provide a cushion device for a hydraulic cylinder which overcomes the problems inherent in the prior art. 
     It is a feature of the instant invention to provide an improved cushion device for a hydraulic cylinder. 
     It is another feature of the instant invention to provide an improved cushion pin for a hydraulic cylinder. 
     It is another feature of the instant invention to provide a cushion pin for a hydraulic cylinder which is mounted to the cylinder piston for flotation relative thereto. 
     It is a further feature of the instant invention to provide a cushion pin for a hydraulic cylinder which automatically adjusts to a position of concentricity within the fluid flow port. 
     It is a still further feature of the instant invention to provide a cushion pin for a hydraulic cylinder which provides differing metering rates for retraction and extension of the cylinder piston. 
     These and other features and objects are accomplished according to the instant invention by providing an improved cushion device for enhancing the operational characteristics of a hydraulic cylinder. A cushion pin is affixed to the piston of the cylinder by a cap screw in such a manner that the cushion pin can float about the screw relative to the piston. Optional orifices in the cushion pin provide an additional fluid flow passage whereby the metering action between the pin and a fluid flow port to the cylinder is different for retraction and extension of the piston. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The advantages of this invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed disclosure of the invention, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic partial cross sectional view of a hydraulic cylinder showing the various components thereof and the preferred embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a segment of FIG. 1 showing the cushion pin of the instant invention in cross section as the piston approaches the fluid port; and 
     FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 2, showing the cushion pin of the instant invention positioned within the fluid flow part. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Attention is now directed to FIG. 1 wherein a hydraulic cylinder with which the instant invention may be employed is generally designated by the reference numeral 10. A main body portion 12 is comprised of a rigid hollow cylindrical member having length and diameter dimensions which may vary according to the specific intended use. A first end of body 12 is generally closed by an end cap 14 rigidly and sealingly affixed thereto. In conventional manner, end cap 14 includes an integral yoke 16 comprising a pair of parallel arms having openings therethrough for affixment to a rigid member of the structure within which the cylinder is to be employed. End cap 14 further includes a fluid flow port 18 through which the hydraulic fluid enters and leaves the left hand chamber (descriptive terminology only) during the movement of the piston. Fluid flow port 18 further is shown to include a horizontal portion 20 which is substantially co-axial with the cylindrical body portion 12. As will be understood shortly, the horizontal portion 20 of the port 18 is of sufficient depth to accommodate cushion pin 44 when the piston is in its fully retracted (left in the drawing) position. A second fluid flow port 22 extends through the wall of body 12 and, in conventional manner, along with fluid flow port 18 and other hydraulic components (not shown) provide the means by which the piston retracts and extends during operation. 
     A piston 24 is located within the hollow body portion 12 for axial movement therein according to the variations in pressure in the left hand and right hand chambers of the cylinder. A fluid seal 26 is located around the periphery of the piston 24 to ensure that undesirable fluid and pressure losses do not occur. A ram, or piston rod, 28 is affixed to the piston and extends away therefrom past the second end of the body portion 12. Again, in conventional manner, a yoke 30 is affixed to the terminal end of the piston rod 28 for affixment to a movable component of the apparatus in which the cylinder is employed. The second end of the body portion 12 is sealed by a sealing member 32 which is rigidly affixed in position and ensures that fluids to not pass out the second end, either along the walls of body portion 12 or along the piston rod 28. 
     As can perhaps best be seen in FIG. 2, the cushion device of the instant invention is shown to comprise a cap screw 36 and a cushion pin 44. Cap screw 36 includes an enlarged head 38 and a rod-like body portion 40 which is threadably engaged into the end portion of rod 28 which extends through piston 24. The cushion pin 44 is an elongate member having an axial opening 46 therethrough which is of diameter slightly larger than that of portion 40 of cap screw 36. This variation in diameters permits the cushion pin 44 to either rotate about cap screw 36 or to move laterally relative thereto. Additionally, it can be seen that cushion pin 44 is formed with an end step 48 within which the head 38 of cap screw 46 is located. The distance between the stop 48 and the opposing end of the cushion pin is less than the effective length of cap screw 36 (that distance from the bottom of head 38 to the top of holding nut 42). These length differentials permit the cushion pin 44 to move axially a short distance along cap screw 36. For purposes of description, it should be understood that the words &#34;flotation&#34; or &#34;float&#34; are used to describe the movements of the cushion pin about the cap screw relative to the piston. 
     The cushion pin 44 may advantageously include one or more orifices 50 through the sidewalls thereof adjacent the end thereof closest to the piston, to permit fluid to flow into the channel between axial opening 46 and portion 40 of cap screw 36. These orifices increase the flow of fluid to the left hand chamber during the extension phase of the cylinder cycle, accelerating the movement. During retraction, when cushion pin 44 enters portion 20 of fluid port 18, a higher pressure will be realized in the left hand chamber of the cylinder than the pressure in area 21 of portion 20, due to the effect of the orifice action of pin 44. This pressure differential will push cushion pin 44 against the head 38 of cap screw 36, preventing any fluid from flowing through the orifice(s) 50. Thus, there is provided means for differing the metering rates during the contraction and extension phases. 
     In operation, as the piston moves toward the first end of the cylinder body portion 12, the fluid in the left hand chamber is forced through fluid flow port 18. As the piston approaches the fully retracted position, the cushion pin 44 begins to enter the horizontal portion 20 of end cap 14. In so doing, the effective orifice area of portion 20 is considerably reduced. This reduction in area causes a commensurate reduction in fluid flow and acts to effectively cushion the piston at this portion of its cycle. Because of the floating characteristics of the cushion pin 44, it enters and stays within the horizontal portion 20 in a concentric attitude relative thereto. When the piston is beginning its extension cycle (see FIG. 3) fluid is forced into fluid flow port 18 and reaches the first piston face through that orifice area between the portion 20 and the cushion pin 44. Additionally, the fluid flows around head 38 and body portion 40 of the cap screw 36 and through orifice or orifices 50. It should be readily understood by one of skill in the art, that the orifices 50 are not necessary, but do add to the acceleration of the piston during this extension phase of the cycle. 
     It will be understood that various other changes of the details, materials, steps, arrangements of parts and uses which have been herein described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the invention will occur to and may be made by those skilled in the art, upon a reading of this disclosure, and such changes are intended to be included within the principles and scope of this invention.