Abstract:
A server suitable for a vehicle having a first wireless interface providing a connection on a customer basis for local user terminals to the server, to enable access to local content on the server, and a second wireless interface providing a connection to an external mobile network, to enable access to remote content on remote servers.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates generally to a server, especially, but not exclusively, an internet server, for a vehicle. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     In modern urban life, especially around a major metropolis, people spend a lot of time every day commuting. Currently, people use this time, for example, by reading news, books, comics, listening to music or playing electronic games. 
     EP-A-936829 discloses a base station located on a train which provides cellular network access for the cellular telephones of the passengers. 
     ‘The Network Vehicle—A Glimpse Into The Future Of Mobile Multi-Media’ an article by Delphi Delco Electronics Systems and IBM corporation published in IEEE 0-7803-5086-3/98 discloses a car providing internet access to its passengers. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is generally concerned with providing the commuter via a user terminal not only with the above type of service, which helps the commuting time pass more pleasantly, but also other additional types of service and internet access. 
     According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a server suitable for a vehicle having a first wireless interface providing a connection on a customer basis for local user terminals to the server, to enable access to local content on the server, and a second wireless interface providing a connection to an external mobile network, to enable access to remote content on remote servers. 
     Thus, the server of the present invention provides the customer with ready access to the local content via the first wireless interface and, should the customer require access to content not available locally, access to remote servers via the second wireless interface. Thus, it will be appreciated that if the services and information available locally are extensive, whereby the customer does not need to access remote servers, a very speedy service can be provided to the customer. 
     In this context ‘on a customer basis’ means that the communication between the server and the user terminal shares at least one of the following characteristics associated with a customer transaction: authentication, encryption and customer billing capability. Authentication is necessary for properly establishing the identity of the customer, thereby preventing fraud. Encryption is also necessary to prevent fraud and to protect the privacy of the customer. Customer billing facilities are needed when a customer makes use of services which are not free. 
     The second wireless interface in providing mobile access to the server, compromises the speed of the connection for the sake of mobility. However, there may be occasions when the vehicle in which the server is installed is stationary in a so-called ‘hot-spot’ area where high speed access to an external network is available. To this end, in a preferred embodiment, the server also includes a third wireless interface providing a high speed, broadband connection to an external network. Thus, when the server detects that it is in a hot-spot area, the third wireless interface can be used for external network access in preference to the second wireless interface. In other embodiments, the server can use both the second and third interfaces simultaneously. The balancing of the relative utilization of the second and third interfaces can made on the basis of overall system throughput. Additionally, in a hot-spot area, the server can update the local content via the third wireless interface. 
     In a preferred form, the server of the present invention may be embodied as a standard, off-the-shelf laptop computer programmed to operate as a world wide web (WWW) server, and further including wireless network adapters, such as PCMCIA cards, providing the hardware and software functionality of the first, second and third interfaces. In other embodiments, the server of the present invention may be embodied by dedicated hardware and software. 
     According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of carrying out commercial activity using a server, which is installed in a vehicle, having a first wireless interface providing a connection to local customer terminals and a second wireless interface providing a connection to an external mobile network, the method comprising providing content located locally in the server and content located in a remote server and accessed by the second wireless interface, wherein the local and remote content are accessible by a local customer&#39;s terminal via the first wireless interface. 
     The method according to the second aspect of the present invention provides an advantageous way of doing business for the service provider in that a ready-made set of customers, that is the passengers on the vehicle, who often have nothing better to do that access the content on the server. 
     In one embodiment, the method may further include the step of restricting access by the local customer&#39;s terminal to content on remote servers. In this way, the service provider has additional influence over the extent to which remote content on remote server may be accessed. 
     In one embodiment, the method may include the step of updating the local content via a third wireless interface capable of making a broadband connection with an external network. In this way, the need to physically visit the vehicle where the server is housed, for example, to install an updated CD-ROM, is avoided. 
     According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a system for providing content, comprising a service controller server connected to the internet; a local server, mounted in a vehicle, and user terminals, wherein the user terminals and the local server communicate on a customer basis over a first communication protocol, and the server and the service controller server communicate over a second cellular-system, communication protocol, whereby the user terminals can access the local server, and by its internet connection, remote servers. 
     In the context of the present invention, ‘content’ is to be understood as covering both information per se, for example, advertisements, and services. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Exemplary embodiments of the invention are hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows an embodiment of the server of the present invention installed in a carriage of a train; 
         FIG. 2  shows a functional block diagram of the server of  FIG. 1 ; and 
         FIG. 3  shows another embodiment of the invention installed in a carriage of a train. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a server  50  in accordance with the present invention is shown installed in a protective wall cabinet  12  on board a carriage  14  of a public-transport train, which is shown in dotted lines. The server is installed in this way to avoid tampering and accidental damage. Within the carriage  14 , there are a number of passengers (not shown), two of which have cellular telephones  16  equipped with a Bluetooth interface  18 , and internet browsing software. 
     The server  50  is an off-the-shelf laptop PC programmed with software to operate as a WWW-server, which is described in more detail hereinafter, and provided with three wireless interfaces implemented by three PCMCIA cards. The first interface  55  is a Bluetooth interface which provides a broadband connection to the passengers&#39; cellular telephones. The second interface  60  is a WCDMA interface providing a connection to an external, public, mobile WCDMA network  62 . The third interface  65  is a Hiperlan Wireless LAN interface providing a broadband connection to an external network  67 , when broadband access is possible in hot-spot areas such as at major train stations. The external network  67  is part of a private network installed by the public-transport company. As shown in  FIG. 2 , via either the second interface  60 , or the third interface  65 , the server  50  is given access to a service controller server  90 . In the case of the WCDMA network  62 , the connection between the WCDMA network and the service controller server  90  is achieved via an ISDN connection  64 . The service control server  90  is connected to the internet via a single gateway  92  including a firewall. 
     The software in the service controller server  90  includes a number of functional modules. A DHCP (domain home control protocol) module  94  assigns an individual address to the server  50 . A NAT (network address translator) module  96  locally-expands the number of IP addresses recognized within the company&#39;s network. An SMTP relay module  98  forwards emails. A mirror site module  108 , includes a Rsync program, CVSup program, and a proxy module ProxyPass directive, for duplicating a database of information at a remote site. A SNMP (simple network management protocol) is module  102 . A SSL (secure socket layer) is module  104 . A local content source is module  106 . A remote network management protocol and useage monitoring is module  108 . 
     The software in the server  50  includes a number of functional modules  70 , 72 , 74 , and  76 . An encryption, authentication and billing module  70  handles the commercial aspects of the transactions with passengers&#39; terminals. Web authentication  70  is necessary for properly establishing the identity of the customer, thereby preventing fraud. Encryption is also necessary to prevent fraud and to protect the privacy of the customer. Customer billing facilities are needed when a customer makes use of services which are not free. A local content module  72  provides an extensive body of local content including services and information for the passengers&#39; to access. Examples include news, cartoons, music, video, timetables, games, electronic commerce, and advertisements. Some of the content is free and for other content a fee is levied. An access control module  74  controls and balances access to the external network by the second and third interfaces  60  and  65 . The module  74  also operates to restrict free access to the whole internet at the discretion of the server operator. An update module  76  enables the server software, including the content, to be updated when broadband access in hot-spot areas is possible. 
     In use, when a passenger boards the carriage  14  for the daily journey to or from the workplace, the passenger can pass time or engage in some more fruitful activity by logging on to the server  50  via the Bluetooth connection between the first interface  55  of the server  50  and that of the cellular telephone. The module  70  ensures the integrity of the connection by providing authentication and encryption. Once the user is authenticated locally, this information is passed to the service controller server  90  via the WCDMA network  62  and then the ISDN line  64 , where the DHCP protocol module assigns an individual IP address to the user. Because there may be more user terminals at one time than there are IP addresses allocated to the transport company&#39;s network, the NAT  96  is also needed. If the passenger wants to make use of the non-free content, then the module  70  also takes care of registering the passenger for billing purposes and running the billing process. For the local content  72 , the passenger enjoys a very speedy service because of the high data rates which the Bluetooth connection can support. 
     If the passenger attempts to access a remote server, this request is passed to the access control module  74 . The access control module  74  is responsible for determining whether to permit access to the requested sever. The access control module  74  provides an IP address filtering function and may also contain a black-list of specific internet addresses for which it denies access to an access request from a passenger. If the module  74  determines that access is permitted, it also determines by which of the second and third interfaces  60 ,  65  external network access is to be achieved. The access control module  74  determines which interface to use by first instructing the third interface  65  to attempt to make a connection with an external network  67 . 
     In the normal case when the train is not in a hot-spot, such as for example, when the train is moving between stations or stationary in a minor station which is not equipped with a broadband access point to an external network, the third interface  65  fails to make a connection, whereby in default, the access control module  74  makes a mobile connection to the WCDMA network  62  via the second interface  60 . Through this connection, access to the service controller server  90  is achieved, through the gateway  92  of which access to the internet and finally the remote servers  80  can be achieved. 
     In the less frequent case where the train is in a hot-spot area, for example, stationary in a train station where a broadband access point to an external network is available, then the attempt by the third interface to make a connection with the external network  67  is successful and the access control module  74  makes use of the third interface  65 . Through this connection. access to the service controller server  90  is achieved, through the gateway of which access to the internet and finally the remote content on remote servers  90  is accomplished. From a passenger&#39;s perspective, the speed of access to remote servers compares favorably with that via the second interface  60  because the downlink connection between the network  67  and the third interface does not act as a data bottleneck. It will be appreciated that it is a significant advantage of this embodiment of the advantage that internet access is maintained at all times (within the coverage of the WCDMA network). 
     In a hot-spot area, the update module  76  can take advantage of the broadband connection with the external network  67  and download updates in the content provided locally, for example, the latest news or other information updates, or additional/replacement services to be offered as local content, an updated list of black-listed internet addresses or additional software for the server to run. The downloading is handled in the service controller module  108  by the mirror site module  108  which brings the local server into line with the local content source module database in the service controller module. The request for updating can be made by either server  50  or the server  90 . 
     In other embodiments, instead of a cellular telephone, other types of user terminal such as a wearable computer, multimedia terminal, PDA, communicator, wristwatch or a laptop fitted with a wireless network adapter may be used. 
     In other embodiments, instead of a GSM interface, the first interface  55  can be PDC, PHS, EDGE, GPRS, WCDMA, IMT-2000, CDMAOne, ICO Iridium or GoldStar interface. 
     In other embodiments, instead of a Bluetooth interface, the second interface  60  can be a Hiperlan Wireless LAN, IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN, MMAC Wireless LAN, Wireless IEEE 1394, Home RF or IRDA interface. 
     In other embodiments, instead of a Hiperlan Wireless LAN interface, the third interface  65  can be an IEEE 802.11, MMAC Wireless LAN, Bluetooth IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.15, ETSI Hiperaccess, ARIB T-58 or ARIB T-59 interface. The external network  67  may also be part of a public network. 
     The server can be installed in other vehicles such as a bus, metro, tram, taxi, private car, aircraft, ferry or boat. 
     In other embodiments of the invention, functionality can be shifted between the service controller server  90  and the server  50  according to practical system requirements. For example, the IP address filtering function of the access control module  74  can be resident in the service controller server  90  instead of the server  50  as described above. Likewise, the client billing functionality can also be shifted to the service controller server  90 . 
     From the server provider&#39;s/service provider&#39;s point of view, the above-illustrated embodiment is an advantageous way of carrying out e-commerce. Importantly, the service provider has a ready-made set of customers, that is the passengers, with nothing much to do except access the content available from the server  50 . In addition, the content which is local to the server  50  by virtue of its ready accessibility as compared to with that available from a remote server  90 , if for no other reason than speed of access, is likely to be highly preferred by the passengers, and so with no costs to be incurred for mobile network connections and with reasonable pricing of the local content, long-lasting use of the services will be encouraged. If slow access alone proves to be insufficient disincentive to access certain remote servers  90 , then the access control module  74  can prevent access to certain remote servers. These factors combine to give the service provider unprecedented influence over the range of content a customer can access. Further, the service provider has the opportunity to charge third party companies for storing content locally. The above-illustrated embodiment makes extensive good use of the public cellular architecture to maintain a mobile connection via the second interface  65 . 
     Also, the updating module  76  of the server enables the service provider to keep the content stored locally on the server up-to-date with minimum bother, the updating of the local content taking place via the third interface  65 , thereby avoiding the need to physically visit the server, for example, to install an updated CD-ROM. 
     Because of these favorable circumstances, the internet portal initially presented by the server  50  to the passengers would become very familiar, whereby the portal could be made into a valuable brand. A premium can be charged by the service provider for links to content residing locally on the server  50 , as compared with links to content on remote servers  70 . 
       FIG. 3  represent a different way of implementing the present invention. In this drawing, similar parts have been given the same number. The server  120  is similar to the server  50  in the  FIG. 1  embodiment. It differs in that the second interface which provides connection to a network external of the carriage is not a link providing mobility, like a cellular system link, but can be any other kind of RF connection, for instance, any of the WLAN standards previously mentioned. Also, the server is provided with mesh and/or ad-hoc routing protocols. The effect of this is that each carriage in the train behaves as the node of mesh and/or adhoc network, whereby if a server cannot, for a time, communicate with a part of the core network  125 , the network routing paths are reconfigured such that the traffic which it wishes to transmit is routed over the air to another server in another carriage which is able to currently access the core network. Otherwise, this embodiment has all the functionality and advantages of the previously described embodiment.