Abstract:
This invention provides a method for activating peroxides, particularly hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen peroxide adducts and for thereby furnishing the said peroxides with excellent bleaching effects, cleaning effects, and sterilizing effects at low temperatures, by adding to the said peroxides an aromatic compound containing in the molecule one or several groups represented by the formula ##EQU1## wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic group and X is either CO or SO 2 . The activation according to this invention is preferably carried out in an aqueous solution at a pH value ranging from 7 to 11, at a temperature below 40°C.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a method for furnishing peroxides, particularly hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen-peroxide adducts with excellent bleaching effects, cleaning effects, and sterilizing effects at low temperatures. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Hydrogen peroxides and adducts thereof are widely used as the bleaching agent for fibers and pulps because of their excellent characteristics. This is based upon such characteristics as: they are capable of bleaching all sorts of fibers and pulps without strength loss, that continuous bleaching in a short period of time is feasible by heating, that color reversion after the bleaching is scarce, that they are odorless, that they are inexpensive, and that in bleaching fibers they produce almost no affects upon previously dyed products, fluorescent dyes and resin treatment. 
     Although hydrogen peroxide and adducts thereof are used in industries without difficulty on the basis of these characteristics, they are notably deficient in that they are low in effect at low temperatures. 
     The results are that home detergents with a solid hydrogen-peroxide adduct incorporated will not produce marked effects if warm water is not employed and require a very long period of time at a low temperature. Accordingly, in places where cold-water cleaning is usually applied, satisfactory bleaching and cleaning will not be attained in such a manner. 
     In order to overcome these difficulties a variety of additives, that is, activators have been proposed for carrying out effective bleaching, cleaning and sterilizing with peroxides, for example, sodium perborate at a low temperature. 
     For example, compounds in which at least two acetyl or propyl groups are attached to a nitrogen atom (Japanese Pat. Publication No. 10,165/63), aromatic and aliphatic mixed carboxylic anhydrides (Japanese Patent Publication No. 9456/69), carboxylic esters of cyanuric acid (Japanese Pat. Publication No. 9455/69), substances releasing formaldehyde or formic esters and amides (Japanese Pat. Publication No. 13,405/67) are mentioned. 
     Whereas these activators become highly effective if warmed to a certain degree, they are very low in effect at a low temperature and in a short period of time. Therefore, further improvement is desirable. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of this invention to provide activators for enhancing bleaching effects, cleaning effects and sterilizing effects of peroxides, particularly hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen-peroxide adducts when used in aqueous solution at low temperatures. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     We have found that suitable activators answering the object of this invention are aromatic compounds having a group represented by the following formula (I): ##EQU2## 
     In the formula (I) R represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic group and X represents CO or SO 2 . 
     Among the aromatic compounds represented by the formula (I) preferable group of compounds are those represented by the following general formula (II): ##EQU3## 
     In the formula (II) R is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic group, and R&#39; and R&#34; are substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic groups, or ##EQU4## (R&#39;&#34; and R&#34;&#34; are substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic groups and Y is CO or SO 2 .) 
     R&#39; and R&#34; are different or the same, but when combined with each other they may form a divalent aromatic group, and X represents CO or SO 2 . 
     Among the aromatic compounds represented by the formula (II) a particularly preferable group of compounds are those having a structure of the following formula (III): ##EQU5## 
     In the formula (III) R is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic group and R 1  represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic group. 
     The substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic groups shown by R and R&#39;&#34; in the formulae (II) and (III) mean a phenyl group or phenyl groups a part of the hydrogens of which is substituted with nitro, amino, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, sulfone and/or hydroxyl; and the substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic groups among the groups shown by R&#39;, R&#34; and R&#34;&#34; include, in addition to the groups shown by R and R&#39;&#34;, a naphthyl group or naphthyl groups a part of the hydrogens of which is substituted with nitro, amino, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, sulfone and/or hydroxyl. R 1  represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene or naphthylene group. 
     Among the group of compounds represented by the formula (II) illustrated below are the following preferred embodiments: 
     N,N-Diacyl aromatic sulfonamides; for example, N,N-dibenzoyl benzenesulfonamide, N,N-di-p-chlorobenzoyl benzenesulfonamide, N,N-di-p-nitrobenzoyl benzenesulfonamide, N,N-dibenzoyl naphthylsulfonamide. 
     N-Acyl di-aromatic sulfonamides, for example, N-benzoyl dibenzenesulfonamide. 
     N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-Tetracyl sulfamides; for example, N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetrabenzoyl sulfamide. 
     N,N&#39;-Diacyl-N,N&#39;-di-aromatic sulfonylureas; for example, N,N&#39;-dibenzoyl N,N&#39;-dibenzenesulfonylurea. 
     Pentacyl imidodisulfamides; for example, pentabenzoyl imidodisulfamide. 
     N-Acyl O-sulfobenzimides (N-acyl saccharins); fo- example, N-benzoyl saccharin, N-p-chlorobenzoyl saccharin, N-p-nitrobenzoyl saccharin. 
     N-Acyl O-sulfonaphthoylimides; for example, N-benzoyl O-sulfonaphthoylimide, N-p-chlorobenzoyl O-sulfonaphthoylimide, N-p-nitrobenzoyl O-sulfonaphthoylimide. 
     Among the compounds illustrated below are particularly preferred compounds having the structure of formula (III): 
     N-Benzoyl saccharin, N-p-chlorobenzoyl saccharin, N-p-nitrobenzoyl saccharin, N-benzoyl O-sulfonaphthoylimide, N-p-chlorobenzoyl O-sulfonaphthoylimide, N-p-nitrobenzoyl O-sulfonaphthoylimide. 
     It is in the light of effects at low temperature which is aimed at in the present invention that the compounds having the group shown by the formula (I) are limited to aromatic compounds. 
     For example, the compounds wherein, as the R represented by the formula (I), the aromatic group according to the invention is replaced by an aliphatic group will be extremely low in the effect activating peroxides at low temperatures. 
     Furthermore, the activators containing an aromatic sulfonylimide group such as those of the formulae (II) and (III) possess preferable properties especially in sterilizing effect. 
     Peroxides to which the present invention is applicable are hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen-peroxide adducts such as sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium perpyrophosphate and urea peroxide. 
     Ratio of addition of the peroxide and activator is desirably fixed in such a way that an activator corresponding in quantity to one aromatic group of R and R&#39;&#34; in the formulae (II) and (III) per mole of active oxygen is added. As a matter of fact, it is desirable that the amount of activator to be added per mole of active oxygen is, for example, 1 mole with N,N-diacyl aromatic sulfonamides, N-acyl O-sulfobenzimides and the like and 0.5 mole with N,N&#39;-diacyl N,N&#39;-di-aromatic sulfonylureas, N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetracyl sulfamides and the like. 
     However, addition of a larger amount of the activator will further confirm utilization of the peroxide, whereas the effect can be controlled by decreasing the added amount of the activator. 
     In carrying out bleaching, cleaning and sterilization there is a close relationship between pH of the bleaching bath and the effect of the activator. It is preferably with respect to the effect of the activator to maintain pH of the bath within the range from 7 to 11 and more preferable to maintain the pH between 8 and 10. Although it is allowable to use a pH below 7 or above 11, the effect is remarkable at a range from 7 to 11, especially from 8 to 10. As pH of the bleaching bath containing the activator and peroxide is reduced with elapse of time, it is desirable in order to maintain the optimum pH range as mentioned above to add a buffering agent. As the buffering agent are employed phosphates, silicates, carbonates, borates, acetates, nitrilotriacetate and the like. 
     This invention can be realized by the addition of the above-mentioned peroxide and activator, but addition thereto of the aforementioned buffering agent will be more effective and, in addition, other components of the detergent such as a surface active agent, antiprecipitant and the like and bleaching assistants may also be added. 
     Addition of the peroxide and activator in an amount sufficient to produce the desired bleaching effect and further of the buffering agent for maintaining the above-cited pH thereby obtaining a satisfactory result is advisable. 
     In the treatment of fibers below 40°C and within 20 minutes there is produced almost no effect of peroxide if it is added alone. Further addition of an activator of the prior art in addition to the peroxide will not be satisfactory though there will then be produced some bleaching, cleaning and sterilizing effects. However, addition of the activator according to the invention, a peroxide and desirably a buffering agent is remarkably effective even at such a low temperature and in such a short period of time as set forth above. 
     At a higher temperature, in this case, the maximum effect is obtained in a shorter period of time. The process of the invention, therefore, can be applied in cases at temperatures above 40°C. However, remarkable results produced by the process at such low temperatures as below 40°C are particularly noted. 
     Although the process of this invention is applicable to any case where a peroxide is to be effective at a low temperature below 40°C, it is distinctively characterized especially for fibers by the fact that it can be conveniently used at a low temperature without influence upon the fiber strength, dye, fluorescent dye and resin treatment. 
     In producing solid cleaning mixtures it is desirable in order to prevent ageing during storage to avoid making contact between the solid peroxide and the activator before use as well as to keep the two in dry state. 
     To put this concretely, not to mention incorporation of each component after it is dried, either of the two methods, incorporation of the activator in a form coated with a water-soluble or -dispersable coating agent and separate packaging of the two may be adopted. 
     The solid cleaning mixtures mean the material for use as home or industrial detergent, presoaking agent, bleaching agent, or sterilizer. 
     On the other hand, when a liquid peroxide, for example, is used, it is naturally necessary to incorporate it upon use and similar consideration is needed regarding the activator. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The invention will be described in more detail by the examples below but it goes without saying that the invention is not limited to these examples. 
     Example 1. 
     Bleaching and stain removal tests were made using two sorts of cotton cloth, semi-bleached cotton cloth (Hunter whiteness 73.3) and stained cloth (Hunter whiteness 54.0) obtained by staining the semi-bleached cotton cloth with coffee and thoroughly washing with water. 
     The test conditions were: A liquor ratio (ratio of the cotton cloth to the bleaching liquid) of 1:25; sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 1.25%, sodium polyphosphate 2.0%, sodium metasilicate 0.25% and nonionic surface active agent 0.125% on the basis of the weight of each cotton cloth; to the mixture was added sodium perborate in such a manner that the concentration of active oxygen was 30 mg/liter (corresponding to 0.72% of sodium perborate on the basis of the weight of cotton cloth) and, in addition, an activator was added in the most preferable ratio in terms of the sodium perborate as shown in the table; the test was made for 20 min. while maintaining the aqueous solution at 30°C and with efficient stirring. The results are shown in Table 1 (Reference example for the comparison with the invention) and Table 2 (Example of the invention). 
     
                                           Table 1__________________________________________________________________________          Activator                 Semi-bleached cloth                             Stained cloth          mole/Sodium            White-          perborate,   Whiteness                             White-                                 ness          mole   Whiteness                       rise  ness                                 rise__________________________________________________________________________Neither sodium perborate          --     73.4  0.1   54.3                                 0.3nor activatorNo activator   --     73.8  0.5   54.7                                 0.7Acetic anhydride used as          1      74.8  1.5   57.0                                 3.0activatorTriacrylcyanuric acid used          0.5    74.9  1.6   57.6                                 3.6as activatorN-Acetylsaccharin used as          1      75.3  2.0   57.8                                 3.8activator__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           Table 2__________________________________________________________________________              Activator,                     Semi-bleached cloth                                 Stained cloth              mole/Sodium            White-              perborate,   Whiteness                                 White-                                     ness              mole   Whiteness                           rise  ness                                     rise__________________________________________________________________________N-Benzoylsaccharin used              1      79.1  5.8   63.9                                     9.7as activatorN,N-Dibenzoylbenzenesulfonamide              1      77.4  4.1   61.1                                     7.1used as activatorN,N,N&#39;-N&#39;-Tetrabenzoylsulfamide              0.5    77.1  3.8   60.8                                     6.8used as activator__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Comparison of the results in Table 1 with the data for comparison in Table 2 demonstrates that the process according to this invention is excellent in bleaching effect as well as in cleaning effect. 
     Example 2. 
     Tests were made using hydrogen peroxide in place of sodium perborate in an amount corresponding to the same amount of active oxygen [the hydrogen peroxide (100%) added being 0.16% on the basis of the weight of cotton cloth]. The results are shown in Table 3 (Reference example not according to the invention) and Table 4 (Example of the invention). 
     
                                           Table 3__________________________________________________________________________     Activator,            Semi-bleached cloth                        Stained cloth     mole/Hydro-            White-     gen pero-    Whiteness                        White-                            ness     xide, mole            Whiteness                  rise  ness                            rise__________________________________________________________________________Neither hydrogen     --     73.4  0.1   54.3                            0.3peroxide noractivatorNo activator     --     73.7  0.4   54.7                            0.7__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                                           Table 4__________________________________________________________________________          Activator,                 Semi-bleached cloth                             Stained cloth          mole/Hydro-            White-          gen pero-    Whiteness                             White-                                 ness          xide, mole                 Whiteness                       rise  ness                                 rise__________________________________________________________________________N-Benzoylsaccharin          1      78.9  5.6   63.5                                 9.5used as activatorN,N-Dibenzoylbenzenesul-          1      77.5  4.2   61.4                                 7.4fonamide used asactivator__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Example 3. 
     Tests were made by the same method as in Example 1 on pH reduction by decrease in the added amount of sodium tripolyphosphate which was used in a proportion of 2% in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 5. 
     N-Benzoyl saccharin was used as the activator. 
     
                                           Table 5__________________________________________________________________________              Semi-bleached cloth                          Stained clothAdded amount of    pH in bleaching           White-sodium tri-    On ini-         On com-    Whiteness                          White-                              nesspolyphosphate    tiation         pletion              Whiteness                    rise  ness                              rise__________________________________________________________________________2.0%     8.80 8.53 79.1  5.8   63.7                              9.71.5%     8.48 7.80 78.1  4.8   61.1                              7.11.0%     8.02 7.33 77.4  4.1   59.8                              5.8__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     As obviously shown in Table 5, a more marked effect is obtained at a pH in bleaching higher than 8.