Abstract:
Systems, apparatuses, and methods for improving situational awareness for a user of a firearm are disclosed. An example camera system for a firearm includes a camera assembly, display panel, a mounting fixture, and switching mechanism. An example camera assembly includes a plurality of cameras fixedly oriented in a plurality of different directions. An example mounting fixture is secured to the camera assembly and configured to be removably attached to a firearm. An example switch is configured to select between the plurality of cameras to cause an image from the selected camera to be displayed on the display panel. An example method includes activating a firearm-mounted camera system, receiving a switch input from a user selecting a camera, generating an image of a portion of an environment with the selected camera, and displaying the image on a display panel to alert the user to conditions in the portion of the environment.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This application claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/496,487, filed on Sep. 25, 2014, titled SWITCHABLE CAMERA SYSTEM FOR A FIREARM, which claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/885,792, filed on Oct. 2, 2013, titled SWITCHABLE CAMERA SYSTEM FOR A FIREARM, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Military and law enforcement personnel often enter and search unknown operating environments, such as homes or buildings. In some situations, the unknown operating environment may include dangerous adversaries, such as armed criminals or enemy combatants. In many cases, military and law enforcement will search these environments with a firearm for protection and to help in apprehending the adversary or otherwise achieving a defined objective. 
         [0003]    Searching these unknown operating environments can be dangerous for military or law enforcement personnel. This danger is amplified at potential ambush points where the military or law enforcement personnel&#39;s view of the environment may be obstructed by, for example, a wall or ceiling. Examples of ambush points include corners, doorways, and entrances to attics. In these situations, military and law enforcement personnel have few options to check for an adversary hidden by the obstruction. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    In general terms, this disclosure is directed to a switchable camera system for a firearm. In one possible configuration and by non-limiting example, the camera system allows the user to see into potential ambush points (e.g., around corners and above surfaces) before entering the ambush point and risking attack. 
         [0005]    One aspect is a camera system for a firearm comprising: a camera assembly including a plurality of cameras fixedly oriented in a plurality of different directions, the plurality of cameras configured to generate a plurality of image signals; a display assembly including a display panel; a mounting fixture secured to the camera assembly, the mounting fixture configured to be removably attached to a firearm; and a switch configured to select between the plurality of cameras to display one of the plurality of image signals on the display panel. 
         [0006]    Another aspect is a camera and firearm assembly comprising: a firearm; a camera assembly secured to the firearm and including at least three cameras, each of the cameras generating a video signal; a switch, the switch being configured to select one of the video signals; and a display panel secured to the firearm and configured to display the selected one of the video signals. 
         [0007]    Yet another aspect is a method of improving situational awareness for a user of a firearm, the method comprising: activating a firearm-mounted camera system including a display panel and a plurality of cameras fixedly oriented in a plurality of different directions, the cameras being positioned about the forward end of a firearm; receiving a switch input from a user selecting one of the cameras; generating an image of a portion of an environment with the selected one of the cameras; and displaying the image of the portion of the environment on the display panel to alert the user to conditions in the portion of the environment. 
         [0008]    Another aspect is a camera system for a firearm comprising: a camera assembly including a plurality of cameras oriented in different directions, the plurality of cameras generating a plurality of images; a display panel including a display device; a mounting fixture secured to the camera assembly, the mounting fixture configured to be removably attached to a firearm; and a switch configured to select between the plurality of cameras to present one of the respective images on the display device. 
         [0009]    Yet another aspect is a camera and firearm assembly comprising: a firearm; a camera assembly secured to the firearm and including at least two cameras, each of the cameras generating a video signal; a switch, the switch being configured to select one of the video signals; and a display panel secured to the firearm and configured to display the selected one of the video signals. 
         [0010]    Another aspect is a method of approaching a potential ambush point comprising: approaching the end of an obstruction; positioning a camera assembly of a firearm-mounted camera system beyond the obstruction; viewing a screen of the firearm-mounted camera system; and looking for a visible representation on the screen of an object of interest. 
         [0011]    A further aspect is a method of improving situational awareness for a user of a firearm, the method comprising: activating a firearm-mounted camera system including a display device and a plurality of cameras oriented in different directions, the cameras being positioned about the forward end of a firearm; receiving a switch input from a user selecting one of the cameras; detecting an image of an object with the selected one of the cameras; and displaying the image of the object on the display device to alert the user to the presence of the object. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0012]    Aspects of the disclosure may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the disclosure in connection with the accompanying drawings. 
           [0013]      FIG. 1  is a diagram depicting an example operating environment in which a firearm-mounted camera system can be used. 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the example firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0015]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of an example camera assembly of a firearm-mounted camera system. 
           [0016]      FIG. 4  is a side view of the enclosure of the camera assembly of the example firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0017]      FIG. 5  is a view of the camera assembly of the firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0018]      FIG. 6  is a close-up view of the mounting fixture of the camera assembly of the example firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0019]      FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram of an example switching mechanism of a firearm-mounted camera system. 
           [0020]      FIG. 8  is a side view of the switching mechanism of the example firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0021]      FIG. 9  is a down-barrel, perspective view of the example firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 1 , similar to the typical view from the perspective of a user. 
           [0022]      FIG. 10  is a side view of an example display assembly of the example firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 1  rotated by approximately 90 degrees in an open position. 
           [0023]      FIG. 11  is a side view of the display assembly of the example firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 1  in a closed position. 
           [0024]      FIG. 12  is a side view of the display assembly of the example firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 1  rotated by approximately 180 degrees in an open position. 
           [0025]      FIG. 13  is a front, perspective view of the display assembly of the example firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0026]      FIG. 14  is a diagram depicting another example operating environment in which a firearm-mounted camera system can be used. 
           [0027]      FIG. 15  is a diagram depicting another example operating environment in which a firearm-mounted camera system can be used to fire around an obstruction. 
           [0028]      FIG. 16  is perspective view of another example firearm-mounted camera system. 
           [0029]      FIG. 17  is a rear, perspective view of the housing of the switching mechanism of the firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 16 . 
           [0030]      FIG. 18  is a top, cross-sectional view of the housing of the switching mechanism of the firearm-mounted camera system of  FIG. 16 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0031]    The example embodiments described in the following disclosure are provided by way of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting. Various modifications and changes may be made to the example embodiments described below without departing from the true spirit and scope of the disclosure. 
         [0032]    The present disclosure relates generally to a switchable camera system for a firearm. The camera system is switchable because it includes multiple cameras and a switch to select among them. In some embodiments, for example, the camera system allows the user to see into potential ambush points (e.g., around corners and above surfaces) before entering the ambush point and risking attack. Additionally, the camera system allows the user to search under and inside possible hide locations, such as inside a boat, dumpster, or car, for a potentially dangerous person or animal. 
         [0033]      FIGS. 1 and 2  depict an example firearm-mounted camera system  100 .  FIG. 1  is a diagram depicting an example operating environment  50  in which a firearm-mounted camera system  100  can be used.  FIG. 2  is a perspective view of the example firearm-mounted camera system  100 . 
         [0034]    The example operating environment of  FIG. 1  includes a portion  52  of a building, a user U of the firearm-mounted camera system  100 , and an object O of interest. 
         [0035]    In this example, the portion  52  of the building includes a passageway  54 , a passageway  56 , and an obstruction  58 . The user U is located in passageway  54 , while the object O of interest, such as an armed adversary, is located in passageway  56 . The object O of interest is obstructed from the view of user U by an obstruction  58 . In this example, the obstruction includes a wall  60  that terminates at a corner  62 . To improve situational awareness, it is desirable for the user U to know whether or not an object O of interest is present behind the obstruction  58  to permit the user U to react accordingly. 
         [0036]    The firearm-mounted camera system  100  includes a firearm  80  and a camera system  102 . 
         [0037]    The firearm  80  is a type of weapon arranged and configured to fire a projectile. Examples of the firearm  80  include handguns and long guns, such as rifles or shotguns. The firearm  80  can be of a variety of different actions, including manual, semi-automatic, or fully automatic. The firearm  80  can be a tactical firearm with a pistol grip, rail mount, bayonet mount, or flashlight mount, or one that can be configured as such. Examples include AR-type rifles, like the AR-15, manufactured by Colt&#39;s Manufacturing Company, LLC, of Hartford, Conn., M16 rifle, M4 Carbine manufactured by Colt&#39;s Manufacturing Company, LLC of Hartford, Conn. and variants, M14 rifle manufactured by Springfield Armory, Inc. of Geneseo, Ill. and variants, such as the G3 manufactured by Heckler &amp; Koch GmbH, of Oberndorf am Neckar, Germany, the MP5 manufactured by Heckler &amp; Koch GmbH, of Oberndorf am Neckar, Germany, and the Uzi manufactured by Israel Military Industries, of Ramat HaSharon, Israel, or semi-automatic or pump-action shotguns. 
         [0038]    In some embodiments, the camera system  102  includes a camera assembly  104 , a switching mechanism  106 , and a display assembly  108 . The camera system  102  is configured to be mounted to the firearm  80 . 
         [0039]    The camera assembly  104  includes at least one camera  110 . The camera  110  operates to detect light representing an image and convert the detected light into electrical signals. Some embodiments include multiple cameras  110 , such as three cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C that each face in different directions. Examples of the camera assembly  104  are illustrated and described in more detail herein with reference to  FIGS. 3-6 . 
         [0040]    The switching mechanism  106  is provided to perform receiving input from the user U, and upon receipt of the input, to perform one or more switching operations. For example, when multiple cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C are present, the switching mechanism  106  can be used to select between the various cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C. Examples of the switching mechanism  106  are illustrated and described in more detail herein with reference to  FIGS. 7-8 . 
         [0041]    The display assembly  108  generates a visible representation  112  of the image captured by one or more of the cameras  110  of the camera system  100 . The graphical depiction A in  FIG. 1  illustrates the view from the perspective of the user U in the illustrated scenario. Examples of the display assembly  108  are described in more detail herein with reference to  FIGS. 9-13 . 
         [0042]    When the firearm-mounted camera system  100  is utilized in the manner shown in  FIG. 1 , the user approaches the end of the obstruction at the corner  62 , and positions the firearm  80  so that the camera  110  of the camera assembly  104  mounted thereon extends past the corner  62 . Upon doing so, the image detected by the camera  110  is displayed as the visible representation  112  by the display assembly  108  to the user U. An image of the object O of interest is also detected by the camera  110  and included in the visible representation  112  to alert the user U to the presence of the object O. In this way, the situational awareness of the user U is improved to permit the user to react appropriately. 
         [0043]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram of an example camera assembly  104 . In some embodiments, camera assembly  104  includes enclosure  300 , interior volume  302 , and camera  110 . In some embodiments, camera assembly  104  includes multiple cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C. In some embodiments, camera assembly  104  also includes infrared emitters  304 A and  304 B. 
         [0044]    Enclosure  300  is a hollow, cylindrical shell formed from plastic, metal, rubber, or any other suitable material in some embodiments. In some embodiments the enclosure  300  forms a head assembly of the camera assembly  104 . Enclosure  300  defines an interior volume  302 . Enclosure  300  includes at least one optical path, such as an aperture, through which camera  110  is directed. In some embodiments, Enclosure  300  includes additional optical paths through which additional cameras may be directed. Additionally, in some embodiments, enclosure  300  includes one or more infrared paths, such as the areas defined by apertures, through which infrared emitters, such as infrared emitters  304 A or  304 B, are directed. 
         [0045]    Interior volume  302  is the volume surrounded by and defined by the enclosure  300 . At least some of the components of the camera assembly, including camera  110 , are disposed in interior volume  302 . In some embodiments, multiple cameras, such as cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C, are disposed in interior volume  302 . Additionally, in some embodiments, infrared emitters  304 A and  304 B are also disposed in interior volume  302 . The wiring assembly  306  for cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C and infrared emitters  304 A and  304 B connects to these parts and extends through and out from the interior volume  302 . In some embodiments, interior volume  302  is filled with a substance, such as epoxy, to ruggedize camera assembly  104  by surrounding the wiring and components to minimize shifting and movement. 
         [0046]    Cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C operate to detect light and convert the detected light into electrical signals representing the image detected from the light. These electrical signals are examples of image signals. In some embodiments, cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C also operate to detect infrared light. In other embodiments, cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C operate to detect both optical light and infrared light. The cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C can be configured to use a variety of image capture sensors, including charge-coupled devices, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors, or any other means of capturing images. In some embodiments, cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C are digital video cameras. 
         [0047]    Cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C are at least partially contained within enclosure  300  and are directed through one or more optical or infrared paths through enclosure  300 , such as an area defined by an aperture. Cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C are directed in different directions relative to each other. In  FIG. 3 , cameras  110 A and  110 B are directed in opposite directions, D 1  and D 2 , and are configured to aim out from the sides of a firearm. By contrast, Camera  110 C is directed in direction D 3  and configured to aim out from the front of the firearm. 
         [0048]    Infrared emitters  304 A and  304 B operate to emit electromagnetic radiation, such as near infrared light. Near-infrared light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 0.78-3 μm. Near-infrared light is not visible to the human eye. Infrared emitters  304 A and  304 B can be configured to use any technology that emits infrared light, such as a light emitting diode. 
         [0049]    Infrared emitters  304 A and  304 B are at least partially contained within enclosure  300 . Infrared emitters  304 A and  304 B are directed towards one or more infrared paths through enclosure  300 , such as the area defined by an aperture, which directs infrared light out to the environment proximate to camera assembly  104 . This infrared light is not detected by the human eye, but is detected by cameras  110 A,  110 B, and  110 C in some embodiments. In some embodiments, an additional infrared emitter is included and directed towards the front of the firearm. Other embodiments include additional infrared emitters to illuminate a wide field of view with infrared light. In this manner, camera assembly  104  provides covert, night-vision capabilities. 
         [0050]    Although, the example camera assembly  104  of  FIG. 3  includes three cameras, some embodiments may include more or fewer than three cameras. Similarly, some embodiments may include more or fewer than the two infrared emitters included in the example embodiment of camera assembly  104  shown in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0051]      FIG. 4  is a side view of enclosure  300  of the example camera assembly  104 . Enclosure  300  includes base  400 , cover  402 , fasteners  404  and  406 , optical path  408 , and infrared path  410 . 
         [0052]    Base  400  is hollow and cylindrical with a closed bottom surface and an opening on top. Base  400  is formed from plastic, metal, rubber, or any other suitable material. 
         [0053]    Cover  402  is configured to fit on top of base  400  and seal it. Cover  402  is formed from plastic, metal, rubber, or any other suitable material. In some embodiments, cover  402  is formed from the same material as base  400 . However, in other embodiments, base  400  and cover  402  are formed from different materials. 
         [0054]    Fasteners  404  and  406  operate to secure cover  402  to base  400 . Examples of fasteners  404  and  406  include screws and bolts. However, in some embodiments, other means of securing cover  400  to enclosure  300  are used. 
         [0055]    Optical path  408  is a portion of the surface of base  400  that operates to permit the passage of optical light. Examples of optical path  408  include the areas defined by apertures, lens, plane glass, and optical filters. In some embodiments, base  400  includes optical path  408  through which camera  110 A is directed and receives optical light. In other embodiments, base  400  includes additional optical paths through which additional cameras are directed. Additionally, in some embodiments, optical path  408  operates to permit passage of infrared light as well as optical light. 
         [0056]    Infrared path  410  is a portion of the surface of base  400  that operates to permit the passage of infrared light. Examples of infrared path  410  include the areas defined by apertures, lens, plane glass, and optical filters. In some embodiments, base  400  includes infrared path  410  through which infrared emitter  304 A is directed and emits infrared light. In other embodiments, base  400  includes additional infrared paths through which additional infrared emitters are directed. 
         [0057]      FIG. 5  is a view of an example camera assembly  104  mounted on an example firearm  80 . Camera assembly  104  includes enclosure  300 , beam  500 , and mounting fixture  502 . In some embodiments, camera assembly  104  also includes cable  506 . 
         [0058]    Enclosure  300  contains camera  110 A and is described in detail in  FIGS. 3 and 4 . 
         [0059]    Beam  500  is a hollow beam or cylinder constructed from a rigid material, such as metal, plastic, or a composite. Beam  500  is secured at a first end to enclosure  300  and at a second end to mounting fixture  502 . In some embodiments, beam  500  is disposed in a direction generally parallel to the barrel  84  of firearm  80 . In some embodiments, a direction generally parallel to the barrel  84  is a direction that is within one, five, or fifteen degrees of the direction of the barrel  84 . Beam  500  positions enclosure  300  near muzzle  82  of firearm  80 . In some embodiments, enclosure  300  is set back behind the muzzle  82  by a distance  504  to minimize the effect of muzzle flash and muzzle blast on enclosure  300  when firearm  80  is discharged. In yet other embodiments, the beam  500  is not included. Instead, the enclosure  300  is secured directly to the mounting fixture. 
         [0060]    Because enclosure  300  is positioned near muzzle  82  of firearm  80 , the user may use camera assembly  104  to see around obstructions while extending only a small portion of firearm  80  beyond the obstruction. Accordingly, this minimizes the risk that the firearm or user&#39;s hand will be grabbed by an adversary who is hiding beyond the obstruction. 
         [0061]    Mounting fixture  502  is an apparatus that attaches camera assembly  104  to firearm  80 . In some embodiments, mounting fixture  502  is configured to attach to a picatinny rail  86 , such as with a thumbscrew or a hex screw. In other embodiments, mounting fixture  502  is configured to be removably attached to firearm  80  via other mechanisms, such as a bayonet mount. In yet another embodiment, mounting fixture  502  is permanently secured to firearm  80 . 
         [0062]    Cable  506  is a cable that operates to carry signals representing images to switching mechanism  106 . In some embodiments, cable  506  is an electrical cable. In some embodiments, cable  506  also operates to carry power and control signals from switching mechanism  106  to camera assembly  104 . In other embodiments, cable  506  is an optical fiber cable. In some embodiments, cable  506  is partially or completely contained in beam  500 . Other embodiments do not include cable  506  at all. In these embodiments, signals representing images may be transmitted to switching mechanism  106  by wireless radio frequency communication or optical beam. 
         [0063]      FIG. 6  is a close-up view of the mounting fixture  502  of an example camera assembly  104  secured to a firearm  80 . Mounting fixture  502  includes lever  600 . Mounting fixture  502  is configured to mate with rail  86  when it is removably attached to firearm  80 . 
         [0064]    Lever  600  is a rigid beam that pivots about a fixed point. Lever  600  operates to secure the mounting fixture  502  to rail  86 . Lever  600  is sized to be rotated by hand. As lever  600  is rotated in a first direction, D 4 , fixture  502  is released from rail  86 . Conversely, as lever  600  is rotated in a direction opposite of D 4 , fixture  502  is secured to rail  86 . In other embodiments, mounting fixture  502  is configured to be removably attached to firearm  80  with a thumbscrew or hex screw, rather than a lever. 
         [0065]      FIG. 7  is a schematic diagram of switching mechanism  106  of an example camera system  102 . Switching mechanism  106  is in electrical communication with the camera assembly  104  and the display assembly  108 . In some embodiments, switching mechanism  106  controls the power signals for camera assembly  104  and display assembly  108 . In some embodiments, switching mechanism  106  receives electrical signals representing images from camera assembly  104 . Further, in some embodiments, switching mechanism  106  transmits electrical signals representing images to display assembly  108 . 
         [0066]    In some embodiments, switching mechanism  106  includes control board  700 , camera switch  702 , power switch  704 , and power supply  706 . 
         [0067]    Control board  700  is an electronic apparatus that receives and transmits electrical signals. Examples of control boards include printed circuit boards, analog signal processors, digital signal processors, and other processing devices. Control board  700  may also be implemented through any other reasonable means of providing control function. In some embodiments, control board  700  includes a processor  708 , memory  710 , and accelerometer  712 . 
         [0068]    In some embodiments, control board  700  operates to enable or disable all or some of camera assembly  104  and display assembly  108 . In some embodiments, control board  700  operates to direct electronic signals representing images received from camera assembly  104  to display assembly  108 . In some embodiments, the processor of control board  700  encodes and stores images received from camera assembly  104  into its memory. 
         [0069]    In some embodiments, camera switch  702  is an electromechanical device having multiple states, each state opening or closing an electrical circuit. In some embodiments, camera switch  702  is configured to be mechanically manipulated by hand to switch between states. Camera switch  702  is in electrical communication with control board  700 . Based on the current state of camera switch  702 , control board  700  operates to select which camera signal from camera assembly  104  is transmitted to display assembly  107 . In some embodiments, control board  700  disables or enables one or more cameras of camera assembly  104  based on the state of camera switch  702 . Further, in some embodiments, control board  700  disables or enables one or more infrared emitters of camera assembly  104  based on the state of camera switch  702 . 
         [0070]    In some embodiments, camera switch  702  has three physical positions. Each physical position corresponds to one of the cameras in camera assembly  104 . In other embodiments, camera switch  702  may have fewer physical positions than the number of cameras in camera assembly  104 . In these embodiments, the switch indicates to control board  700  to loop to the next camera signal received from camera assembly  104 . In some embodiments, camera switch  702  is implemented as a potentiometer, similar to a joystick. In these embodiments, a camera is selected by actuating the potentiometer. When the potentiometer is not actuated, a default camera will be selected. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the camera system  102  may be disabled when the potentiometer is not actuated. In other embodiments, camera switch  702  is implemented with one or more buttons or touch sensors. When one of the buttons or touch sensors is activated, a specific camera is selected. Still other embodiments are possible. 
         [0071]    In this manner, control board  700  and camera switch  702  operate to allow the user of camera system  102  to select the image that is displayed on display assembly  108  from the images received by the cameras in camera assembly  104 . 
         [0072]    In some embodiments, processor  708  reorients the selected image received by the cameras in camera assembly  104  based on the orientation of the firearm  80  sensed by accelerometer  712 . In this manner, the image displayed on display assembly  108  is oriented so that up is at the top of the screen regardless of the orientation of firearm  80 . The image reorientation process is illustrated in  FIG. 14 . In some embodiments, the orientation of the firearm is detected using gyroscope technology, such as a vibrating structure gyroscope. Still other orientation-sensing technologies may be used. 
         [0073]    In some embodiments, processor  708  stores some or all of the images received by the cameras in camera assembly  104  to memory  710 . The images stored in memory  710  can be used for record-keeping, evidentiary, or other purposes. 
         [0074]    Power switch  704  is an electromechanical device configured to turn the camera system  102  on or off. In some embodiments, power switch  704  will have two physical states. The first state completing a circuit and allowing a current to flow; the second state breaking the circuit and preventing the current from flowing. In some embodiments, power switch  704  is a push button switch in which the push button switch toggles (or switches) from a first state to a second state when it is pushed a first time, and toggles (or switches) back to the first state when it is pushed a second time. In other embodiments, power switch  704  may flip or slide from one state to another. 
         [0075]    Power supply  706  provides electrical energy to camera system  102 . In some embodiments, power supply  706  is a battery. In some embodiments, power supply  706  is in electrical communication with power switch  704 . In those embodiments, in one state, power switch  704  completely deprives camera system  102  of power. In other embodiments, power supply  706  is in direct electrical communication with control board  700 . In those embodiments, the signal from power switch  704  directs the control board to provide power to display assembly  108  and camera assembly  104 . 
         [0076]      FIG. 8  is a side view of switching mechanism  106  mounted to firearm  80 . In some embodiments, switching mechanism  106  includes foregrip  800  and mounting fixture  802 . 
         [0077]    In some embodiments, foregrip  800  is a hollow cylinder formed from a rigid material, such as metal or plastic. In some embodiments, foregrip  800  contains power supply  706  and control board  700 . Further, in some embodiments, power switch  704  and camera switch  702  are secured to the exterior of foregrip  800 . In some embodiments, foregrip  800  includes an access panel to replace or charge the batteries of power supply  706 . In some embodiments, foregrip  800  is configured to perform at least two functions. First, foregrip  800  provides physical protection to the components of switching mechanism  106 . Second, foregrip  800  provides a convenient location for the user to hold and control firearm  80  while keeping his or her hand in close proximity to camera switch  702  and power switch  704 . Because conveniently located camera switch  702  allows the user to select images for display from camera assembly  104 , the user may quickly move from one obstruction to the next without delaying to reconfigure camera system  102 . 
         [0078]    Mounting fixture  802  is an apparatus that attaches switching mechanism  106  to firearm  80 . In some embodiments, mounting fixture  802  is configured to attach to picatinny rails. The mounting fixture  802  may be configured to mount to the picatinny rails at an angle. In other embodiments, mounting fixture  802  is configured to be removably attached to firearm  80  via other mechanisms. In yet another embodiment, mounting fixture  802  is permanently secured to firearm  80 . 
         [0079]    In some embodiments, mounting fixture  802  is integral with foregrip  800 . In other embodiments, mounting fixture  802  is secured to foregrip  800  with a fastener or by another means. 
         [0080]      FIG. 9  is a down-barrel, perspective view of the example firearm-mounted camera system  100 , similar to the typical view from the perspective of a user U. In this view, display assembly  108  of camera system  102  is shown as mounted on firearm  80  and held by user U. 
         [0081]    Display assembly  108  includes screen  900 , hinge  902 , pivot point  904 , and cable  906 . Additionally, in some embodiments display assembly  108  includes the power supply  706  and control board  700 . 
         [0082]    In some embodiments, screen  900  is a liquid crystal display. In other embodiments, screen  900  is a light-emitting diode display. Still other embodiments of screen  900  are possible as well. Screen  900  operates to receive an electrical signal representing an image and display that image. 
         [0083]    In some embodiments, hinge  902  is a barrel hinge. Hinge  902  is configured to allow display assembly  108  and screen  900  to be rotated in a direction D 5  towards or in the opposite direction away from the user (direction D 5  is also illustrated in  FIG. 11 ). When screen  900  is fully rotated towards the user, it faces the body of firearm  80  and does not significantly interfere with the view of user U. Display assembly  108  can also be rotated away from the user so that screen  900  faces out in the direction of the side of firearm  80  and may be viewed from the side of firearm  80 . In this manner, user U may quickly configure camera system  102  to be used or hidden from view without delay for physical attachment or removal of components. 
         [0084]    Pivot point  904  is a mechanical joint that operates to allow screen  900  to be rotated up in direction D 6  or down in the opposite direction. In combination with hinge  902 , pivot point  904  operates to allow user U to adjust the orientation of screen  900  to optimize viewing and minimize interference with user U&#39;s field of view. 
         [0085]    Cable  906  is a cable that operates to carry signals representing images to screen  900 . In some embodiments, cable  906  is an electrical cable. In some embodiments, cable  906  also operates to carry power and control signals to screen  900  or other components of display assembly  108 . In other embodiments, cable  906  is an optical fiber cable. Other embodiments do not include cable  906  at all. In these embodiments, signals representing images may be transmitted to screen  900  by wireless radio frequency communication or optical beam. 
         [0086]      FIG. 10  is a side view of an example display assembly  108  of a firearm-mounted camera system  100 . Display assembly  108  includes mounting fixture  1000 . 
         [0087]    Mounting fixture  1000  is an apparatus that attaches display assembly  108  to firearm  80 . In some embodiments, mounting fixture  1000  is configured to attach to picatinny rails. The mounting fixture  1000  may be configured to mount to the picatinny rails at an angle. In other embodiments, mounting fixture  1000  is configured to be removably attached to firearm  80  via other mechanisms. In yet another embodiment, mounting fixture  1000  is permanently secured to firearm  80 . 
         [0088]    Mounting fixture  1000  is secured to hinge  902 . In some embodiments, mounting fixture  1000  is integral with hinge  902 . In other embodiments, mounting fixture  1000  is secured to hinge  902  with a screw, bolt, or other appropriate fastener. 
         [0089]      FIG. 11  is a side view of display assembly  108  of an example firearm-mounted camera system  100 . In this figure, display assembly  108  is rotated in direction D 5  about hinge  902  into a fully closed position. In a fully closed position, the screen of display assembly  108  faces and abuts the side of firearm  80 . In this position, the screen and display assembly  108  minimally interfere with the field of view and situational awareness of the user of firearm  80 . 
         [0090]      FIG. 12  is another side view of display assembly  108  of an example firearm-mounted camera system  100 . In this view, the display assembly  108  is rotated about hinge  902  into a fully open position. In this position, screen  900  may be viewed from the side of firearm  80 . 
         [0091]      FIG. 13  is a front, perspective view of display assembly  108  of an example firearm-mounted camera system  100 . In this figure, display assembly  108  is rotated to a standard open position about hinge  902 . In this figure, display assembly  108  is rotated around pivot point  904  to tilt up. 
         [0092]      FIG. 14  depicts an example firearm-mounted camera system  100 .  FIG. 14  is a diagram depicting an example operating environment  50  in which a firearm-mounted camera system  100  can be used. The example operating environment of  FIG. 14  includes a portion  52  of a building and an object O of interest. 
         [0093]    In this example, the portion  52  of the building includes a room  66 , attic  68 , and obstruction  58 . Attic  68  is above room  66 . In this example, the obstruction includes a ceiling  64  that separates room  66  from attic  68 . In this example, ceiling  64  also includes an open access panel  70  permitting access from room  66  to attic  68 . 
         [0094]    The user U is located in room  66 . The object O of interest, such as an armed adversary, is in attic  68  and is obstructed from the view of user U by ceiling  64 . To improve situational awareness, it is desirable for the user to know whether or not an object O of interest is present in the attic  68  to permit the user to react accordingly. The graphical depiction B in  FIG. 14  illustrates the view from the perspective of the user U in the illustrated scenario. 
         [0095]    When the firearm-mounted camera system  100  is utilized in the manner shown in  FIG. 14 , the user approaches the open access panel  70  and positions the firearm-mounted camera system  100  so that the camera  110  of camera assembly  104  extends above ceiling  64 . Upon doing so, the image detected by the camera  110  is displayed as the visual representation  114 B on display assembly  108 . An image of the object O of interest is also detected by the camera  110  and included in the visual representation  114 B. Visual representation  114 B shows the image detected by the camera after it has been reoriented based on the orientation of the gun as detected by the accelerometer. For illustrative purposes, graphical depiction B also includes internal representation  114 A, which shows the image detected by the camera before it is reoriented. In this way, the user is alerted to the presence of the object O and may react accordingly. 
         [0096]      FIG. 15  is a diagram depicting an example operating environment  50  in which a firearm-mounted camera system  100  can be used to fire around an obstruction  58 . The example operating environment of  FIG. 15  includes a portion  52  of a building, a user U of the firearm-mounted camera system  100 , and an object O of interest. 
         [0097]    In this example, the portion  52  of the building includes a passageway  54 , passageway  56 , and obstruction  58 . The user U is located in passageway  54 , while the object O of interest, such as an armed adversary, is located in passageway  56 . The object O of interest is obstructed from the view of user U by an obstruction  58 . In this example, the obstruction includes a wall  60  that terminates at a corner  62 . 
         [0098]    When the firearm-mounted camera system  100  is utilized in the manner shown in  FIG. 15 , the user U approaches the end of the obstruction at corner  62  and positions the firearm-mounted camera system  100  so that the muzzle  82  is extended past the corner  62  and pointed into passageway  56 . In this figure, display assembly  108  is rotated about hinge  902  into the fully open position so that screen  900  may be viewed from the side of the firearm. User U is holding the firearm from the side and, accordingly, may view screen  900 . In this manner, user U may aim and, if necessary, fire firearm  80  around a corner without stepping into passage  56 . 
         [0099]      FIG. 16  is perspective view of an example firearm-mounted camera system  100 . As has been previously described, the firearm-mounted camera system  100  includes firearm  80  and a camera system  102 . 
         [0100]    In this embodiment, camera system  102  does not include a foregrip. Instead, camera system  102  is mounted on top of firearm  80 . In other embodiments, camera system  102  is mounted on the side of firearm  80 . Another alternative is that camera system  102  is mounted at an angle between one of the sides and the bottom or the top of firearm  80 . In this manner, camera system  102  does not occupy the bottom of firearm  80 , and the bottom of firearm  80  may be used to support other accessories, such as a grenade launcher. 
         [0101]    As has been previously described, the camera system  102  includes camera assembly  104 , switching mechanism  106 , and display assembly  108 . In this embodiment, switching mechanism  106  includes housing  1600 , frame  1602 , aperture  1604 , and camera switch  702 . 
         [0102]    Housing  1600  is a hollow shell formed from plastic, metal, rubber, or any other suitable material and is configured to contain power supply  706  and control board  700 . In some embodiments, housing  1600  contains additional elements. Housing  1600  is described in more detail in  FIGS. 17-18 . 
         [0103]    Frame  1602  is a U-shaped structure. Frame  1602  is secured to housing  1600  and together housing  1600  and frame  1602  form aperture  1604 . In some embodiments, frame  1602  is formed from three hollow beams that have square-shaped cross sections. In some embodiments, the hollow beams meet at a ninety-degree angle. In other embodiments, frame  1602  is formed from a single hollow beam that is bent or curved. In some embodiments, the hollow beams have a round or oval cross section. Frame  1602  is formed from hollow beams so that wires may run through frame  1602  to beam  500  to connect camera assembly  104  to switching mechanism  106 . 
         [0104]    Aperture  1604  is an opening through which front sight  88  of firearm  80  may protrude. In this manner, camera system  102  does not interfere with the operation of front sight  88 . 
         [0105]    In the embodiment shown, camera switch  702  is implemented as multiple momentary switches. For example, the embodiment shown in  FIG. 16  includes two momentary switches, momentary switch  1606  on the right side of firearm  80  and another momentary switch on the left side of firearm  80  (not shown). Momentary switch  1606  is engaged only while it is being actuated (e.g., touched, pressed down, etc.). Momentary switch  1606  is mounted on the right side of firearm  80 . Momentary switch  1606  is electronically connected to control board  700  via switch cable  1608 . Although not shown, a second momentary switch is mounted on the left side of firearm  80  and is also electronically connected to control board  700  via a switch cable. 
         [0106]    As described above with respect to  FIG. 7 , control board  700  and camera switch  702  operate to allow the user of camera system  102  to select the image or images to be displayed on display assembly  108  from the images received by the cameras in camera assembly  104 . In some embodiments, the control board displays two or more images simultaneously (e.g., by splitting the screen between images). For example, in some embodiments, multiple images are shown when multiple momentary switches are actuated concurrently. 
         [0107]    Camera assembly  104  has already been described in detail in  FIGS. 3-5 . In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 16 , beam  500  of camera assembly  104  is secured to frame  1602 . Camera assembly  104  is further secured to firearm  80  with securing assembly  1610 . Securing assembly  1610  includes a first ring  1612  and a second ring  1614 . First ring  1612  is coupled to second ring  1614 . First ring  1612  is secured around the distal end of beam  500 . Second ring  1614  fits over the end of barrel  84  of firearm  80  (similar to a bayonet). In some embodiments, the inner diameter of second ring  1614  is larger than the outer diameter of barrel  84  so that securing assembly  1610  may be slipped over the end of barrel  84 . In some embodiments, first ring  1612  and second ring  1614  are formed from a rigid material and include a tightening mechanism. In other embodiments, first ring  1612  and second ring  1614  are formed from a material with elastic properties. Other embodiments are possible as well. 
         [0108]    Display assembly  108  has already been described in detail in  FIGS. 9-13 . Display assembly  108  is electronically connected to switching mechanism  106  by cable  906 . In other embodiments, display assembly  108  communicates with switching mechanism  106  by wireless radio frequency communication or optical communication via beam or fiber. 
         [0109]      FIG. 17  is a rear, perspective view of housing  1600  of an embodiment of switching mechanism  106 . In some embodiments, switching mechanism  106  includes mounting fixture  802 , battery tube access caps  1616   a - b , left switch connecter port  1618 , right switch connecter port  1620 , and video connector port  1622 . 
         [0110]    In this embodiment, mounting fixture  802  is an indentation in the bottom surface of housing  1600  that is configured to couple with a rail mount on a firearm. In some embodiments, mounting fixture  802  is configured to couple directly to a firearm. In yet other embodiments, mounting fixture  802  is configured to couple to another type of mount for a firearm. Further, in some embodiments, housing  1600  is integrally formed with firearm  80 . Yet other embodiments are possible as well. 
         [0111]    Battery tube access caps  1616   a - b  are flat, round caps that are configured to couple with housing  1600  to seal access to the interior of housing  1600 . In some embodiments, battery tube access caps  1616   a - b  have threads and are configured to be twisted on or off. In other embodiments, battery tube access caps  1616   a - b  are configured to be pushed on and pulled off. Other embodiments are possible as well. Battery tube access caps  1616   a - b  provide access to the interior of housing  1600  so that batteries may be replaced. Although the embodiment shown in  FIG. 17  includes two battery tube access caps, other embodiments with more or fewer battery access caps are possible as well. 
         [0112]    Left switch connector port  1618  is a port in housing  1600  that is configured to receive the plug of a cable that is connected to a switch on the left side of the firearm. Right switch connector port  1620  is a port in housing  1600  that is configured to receive the plug of a cable that is connected to a switch on the right side of the firearm. Video connector port  1622  is a port in housing  1600  that is configured to receive the plug of a cable that is connected to display assembly  108 . In some embodiments, left switch connector port  1618 , right switch connector port  1620 , and video connector port  1622  are electronically connected to control board  700 . 
         [0113]      FIG. 18  is a top, cross-sectional view of an embodiment of switching mechanism  106 . Switching mechanism  106  includes power supply  706 . 
         [0114]    In this embodiment, power supply  706  includes batteries  1624   a - b . Batteries  1624   a - b  are devices that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. In some embodiments, batteries  1624   a - b  are rechargeable batteries (e.g., nickel metal hydride, lithium ion, etc.). In some other embodiments, power supply  706  may include more or fewer batteries. Further in some embodiments, power supply  706  may not include batteries at all. 
         [0115]    In some embodiments, switching mechanism  106  is connected to cable  506 . In some embodiments, cable  506  is connected to control board  700  and to camera assembly  104 . In some embodiments, cable  506  operates to direct electronic signals representing images received from camera assembly  104  to control board  700 . In some embodiments, cable  506  further operates to direct electronic control signals from control board  700  to camera assembly  104 . Further, in some embodiments, cable  506  operates to carry power from control board  700  or power supply  706  to camera assembly  104 . Cable  506  is routed through housing  1600  and into channel  1628  of frame  1602 . Channel  1628  is formed in the hollow space inside of the beam or beams that comprise frame  1602 . In this manner, cable  506  is routed around aperture  1604  and front sight  88 . 
         [0116]    Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.