Abstract:
A spacer device for laser-optical measurement of hollow cylinders has at least two, preferably three arms which are coupled or interlaced with one another and which can be moved relative to one another. Each of the arms has a measurement roller on one end which is brought into contact with the inner surface of a hollow cylinder to be measured and which can be rolled thereon, if necessary. An instrument platform is attached to the spacer device so that a light emitter (e.g., laser) and/or receiver or reflector can be attached at the central position of the instrument platform. The device is used to determine the three-dimensional position of the hollow cylinder to be measured.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     1. Filed of the Invention  
         [0002]     This invention relates to an extendible spacer device that is especially suited to use as a spacer piece used to measure hollow cylinders and their relative position to a reference axis.  
         [0003]     2. Description of Related Art  
         [0004]     An extendable spacer device used to measure hollow cylindrical articles of the type to which the present invention is directed is disclosed in European Patent EP 1083402 B and corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 6,342,946, reference is made to avoid repetition.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     A primary object of the invention is to devise a spacer device for measuring hollow cylinders which, in a simple and still mechanically stable manner, can be adapted to different diameters of the hollow cylinder, and which is characterized by a significant cost advantage as compared to commercially available devices of this type.  
         [0006]     This object is achieved according to preferred embodiments of the invention in that there is an arrangement with exactly three arms, the arms being cyclically coupled into one another by means of slots and/or bridges or comparable construction elements and being movable relative to one another while maintaining a relative angle of roughly 60° with respect to one another. Preferably, there are one or more measurement wheels or rollers attached to the respective end of one arm for making contact with the surface of a hollow cylinder to be measured. In particular, in another configuration of the invention, two such arrangements are mounted in the axial direction with the aid of three braces, connecting pieces or the like, i.e., are combined with one another into a unit which extends in the axial direction, so that the residual axial tilt angle of the arrangement within a hollow cylinder to be measured is reduced.  
         [0007]     The spacer device can be made of a solid material or is produced by joining halves or portions of individual component pieces. Advantageously, the spacer device is composed of parts which are cut out of aluminum or steel hollow sections of rectangular cross section. Figure  
         [0008]     The invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0009]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a spacer device in accordance with the invention.  
         [0010]      FIG. 2  is a partial cross-sectional view showing the manner of connecting spacer arms in accordance with another embodiment of the invention  
         [0011]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view showing the end of a spacer arm of the  FIG. 2  embodiment.  
         [0012]      FIGS. 4A &amp; 4B  are perspective views showing two other embodiments of a spacer device in accordance with the invention.  
         [0013]      FIGS. 5 &amp; 6  are perspective views showing another embodiment of a spacer device in accordance with the invention in expanded and contracted states, respectively 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0014]      FIG. 1  shows a first embodiment of a spacer device that can be rotated within a hollow cylinder around its center axis (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,342,946 for the manner in which such is performed, which patent is hereby incorporated by reference). The spacer device has measurement wheels, rollers or the like  27 ,  29 , preferably a total of 6 of these wheels, of which only 2 are shown in the figure and the remainder can be analogously mounted on the end of arms  10 ,  30  by means of an axle  28  in the same manner shown for arm  20 . The measurement wheels are preferably made as ball bearings. There are exactly three arms, so that exact matching of the wheels to the contour and surface of a hollow cylinder to be measured can be performed.  
         [0015]     The three arms  10 ,  20 ,  30  are arranged to be able to move relative to one another. For this purpose, slots  24  and bridges  16 ,  26 ,  36  are machined into each of the individual arms  10 ,  20 ,  30 , respectively. The slots  24  must be much broader than the corresponding dimension of the respective arm, so that sticking of the arms against one another is avoided when the spacer device is to be extended or retracted to match the diameter of the hollow cylinder to be measured, or parts thereof.  
         [0016]     To fix the position of the arms relative to one another, there is a clamping device (not shown) which is made, for example, in the form of one or more clips which can be attached at points A and C, and can have a clamping screw which make contact with point B to secure the arms relative to one another. With identical clamping devices, contact can also be made with points B′ or B″.  
         [0017]     Within the triangle formed by the arms  10 ,  20 ,  30 , a measurement sensor or a measurement device, or a light beam emitter, especially a laser emitter, can be attached. Instead of a light beam emitter, there can be a light reflecting device or another optical element, for example, a reflecting glass prism.  
         [0018]     It is apparent that the illustrated embodiment has a comparatively high stability at low material cost and weight.  
         [0019]     In another embodiment of the invention, provision is made for the arms of the device to be able to be shifted relative to one another and thus extended or retracted with as little friction as possible. As  FIGS. 2 &amp; 3  show, the arms of the spacer device are produced from a slotted hollow section  110  (a so-called C-section) and are movable relative to one another by means of ball bearing rollers  120 ,  121 ,  122 ,  123  or other suitable wheels. The ball bearing rollers are each supported by means of a suitable bridge part  116 . Each arm  110  is equipped with such a bridge part  116  together with the respective ball bearing rollers  120 ,  121 ,  122 ,  123 .  FIG. 3  shows a perspective view of a suitable arrangement of this type. As is apparent, the bridge part  116  is preferably made from a solid material. It has suitable mounting devices, additional pieces  117  or holes so that it can be mounted on an end of an arm  110 , etc.  
         [0020]     Another embodiment of the invention is shown in  FIGS. 4A &amp; 4B . This spacer device has a smaller capacity for extension of the effective perimeter radius, for example, of roughly 1 to 2% of the arm lengths. As in the previous embodiments, the wheels, measurement rollers or ball bearings for rolling within the hollow cylindrical measurement surface are located on the end of the arms, in this case, the arms  210 ,  220 ,  230 . In  FIG. 4A , only measurement rollers  222 ,  223  are shown; other corresponding measurement rollers are provided at points A and C. The arms  210 ,  220 ,  230  are held to be able to pivot against one another with hinges  240 ,  250 ,  260 . The arm  230  can be provided, for example, with slots or elongated holes so that by means of a combination of one or more screws  262  and wing nuts or the like  264 , the effective length of the sides of the spacer device can be varied to a certain extent. For constricted space conditions, a correspondingly effective locking device can also be operated from the side of the triple-arm arrangement. Pins  270 ,  272  and others (not shown) are used for holding and locking (for example, likewise by means of wing nuts, not shown) of an instrument platform. On this instrument platform, there can be light transmitters, preferably in the form of green luminous laser beam devices which emit in the axial direction of the hollow cylinder to be measured, or two-dimensionally sensing light receiving devices. The latter are connected in the known manner to the pertinent electronic evaluation devices. It is advantageous if the instrument platform is equipped with electronic inclinometers so that the rotational position of the spacer device within the hollow cylinder can be sensed. In the measurement of hollow cylinders which are not horizontally aligned, the measured value of these inclinometers can be converted by means of a correction function to the actual angle -of rotation of the instrument platform relative to the axis of the hollow cylinder to be measured.  
         [0021]     Other or corresponding configurations of the invention are shown in  FIG. 4B , where in addition to the arms  210 ,  220 ,  230  which are equipped with measurement wheels or rollers an instrument platform  280 , here, for example, in the form of a round disk, is shown. Advantageously, the instrument platform  280  has elongated holes or slots  282 ,  284 ,  288  which are arranged in a spiral and through which the indicated pins  270 ,  272 , etc. are inserted. The pins, therefore also the arms  210 , etc., can then be stably fixed by means of tension nuts  271 ,  273 ,  274 , relative to the instrument platform  280 .  
         [0022]     Furthermore,  FIG. 4B  shows how an optical element, for example, a reflecting prism  290  (also known as a right angle prism) is interchangeably centrally mounted securely on the instrument platform  280 .  
         [0023]     In another embodiment of the invention, there is a device which relates to a modification of the arrangement shown in  FIGS. 4A &amp; 4B . According to this modification, there are only 2 arms  210 ,  230  which are hinged together or the like, as in  FIG. 4 . Likewise, at positions A and C and on the other end of the arm  210  the corresponding precision rollers  222 ,  223  are mounted, preferably, but not necessarily, in pairs. Furthermore, there are fasteners similar to  270 ,  272  in  FIG. 4A , to which one or more, preferably flat instrument platforms can be attached, which are especially suited to functioning as adapters for a light beam emitter.  
         [0024]     In order for all precision rollers to stably adjoin the hollow cylinder to be measured, there are one or more components with spring action. This component or spring acts on the arms  210 ,  230  in an extensible manner so that there is always the best possible contact of the precision rollers with the hollow cylinder. In this way, the measurement of hollow cylinders with a variable cross-sectional surface or not completely round cross section is possible. It is advantageous to place the component with spring action in the vicinity of the hinge or the like  240 . Moreover, there are other attachment possibilities for such a component with spring action, for example, attachment of one end to at least one intended instrument platform. The other end of the spring can act on one or both arms  210 ,  230 . This component with spring action (spring) is thus suited to exerting a spreading force on the arms ( 210 ,  230 ). As a result, the arms of the device of the invention make contact essentially with the surface to be measured by means of precision rollers without play, also at those points where their shape deviates from the ideal shape.  
         [0025]      FIGS. 5 &amp; 6  show a preferred embodiment of the invention in the contracted and expanded states. The arms  10 ,  20  &amp;  30  are produced from a suitable extruded aluminum section and the measurement rollers  27 ,  29  correspond to those of  FIG. 1 . The instrument platform  50  is provided with elongated holes  51 ,  53 ,  55  which, in interplay with locking screws  52 ,  54 ,  56 , likewise, cause fixing of the arms  10 ,  20 ,  30  relative to one another. There are rollers in the form of ball bearing rollers similar to those from  FIG. 2 . In any case, the slot shown in  FIG. 2  is present twice per arm for the bridge-like holders on each of the side surfaces of the arms  10 ,  20 ,  30 .