Abstract:
A control system for stopping a plumbing-related flooding situation in a building includes at least one sensor for accumulating water and producing a low voltage electrical control signal when sufficient water is accumulated. An actuating system receives the control signal and in turn routes 110 volt current to an electrically activated valve located in a main feed conduit of the plumbing system. The reopening of the valve is achieved by a manually operated electrical switch.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This Application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/707,680, filed Nov. 8, 2000 now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a system for preventing the flooding of a building as a result of water, entering the building through a supply conduit, and more particularly concerns a system for detecting flooding in said building and automatically closing said supply conduit. 
     2. Discussion of the Prior Art 
     Oftentimes, it is desired that the water supply to a house or other type of dwelling be shut off. This is particularly true when the householders are leaving their house for a prolonged period, as for example, when going on vacation. However, shutting off the main water supply valve is a chore which is often overlooked in the last minute preparations prior to leaving the house. Also, it may be desirable to leave the water supply in an active state in order to service an automatic lawn watering system, a fire extinguishing system, evaporative cooling systems or other ongoing functions. 
     The purpose of shutting off the water supply is to prevent damage to the house should an extensive leak occur while the householder is away. Rarely is the water supply into a house shut off when the householder is away for a short period of time, as for example, when at work. Yet, cumulative leakage from a burst pipe can cause tremendous damage to the house and contents even if discovered and stopped within a relatively short period of time. 
     Water shutoff systems shown in the prior art generally employ flow monitoring sensors intended to discriminate between normal water flow and abnormal flows attributable to leaks. Such systems monitor either instantaneous flow or flows, over a timed period, and send an electrical control signal to a shutoff valve. Such systems are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,589,435; 4,705,060; 5,000,224; 5,038,820; 5,056,554; 5,086,806 and elsewhere. 
     Water shutoff systems of the aforesaid nature usually involve expensive computerized equipment and generally require specialized programming for proper installation. There is also the possibility of denial of water service to essential but sporadically operating systems such as fire extinguishing systems, lawn watering and cooling systems. 
     In still other flood control systems, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,324,268 and 5,240,022, sensors are disposed at floor level for detecting the presence of water, said sensors employing the water to complete an electrical circuit between two closely spaced electrodes. Such systems are unfortunately activated by the small amounts of water employed in the wet-mopping of floors, or small amounts of accidentally spilled water, as encountered in bathrooms and kitchens. 
     It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a system for detecting a plumbing-related flooding situation in a building, and turning off the water supply responsible for such flooding. 
     It is another object of this invention to provide a flood detection and control system which is easily installable into a building&#39;s plumbing system. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide a flood detection and control system of the aforesaid nature which is of simple, durable construction amenable to low cost manufacture and installation. 
     These objects and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The above and other beneficial objects and advantages are accomplished in accordance with the present invention by a flood control system for use in conjunction with the plumbing system of a building having one or more floors and an electrical supply system, said control system comprising: 
     1) at least one sensor for detecting an accumulation of water, said sensor located at an elevation below the site of potential leakage of water from said plumbing system, and provided with means for transmitting an electrical control signal indicative of a detected accumulation of water, 
     2) an actuator system which receives said control signal and provides interaction with an electrical power supply, 
     3) an electrically activated valve located in a main conduit of said plumbing system and adapted to close said main conduit in response to a control signal from said sensor, and 
     4) means for achieving manually controlled reopening of said valve. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification and in which similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawing: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the flood control system of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the embodiment of FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the electrical system that would be employed in conjunction with the embodiment of FIG.  1 . 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, an embodiment of the flood control system of this invention is shown comprised of water accumulation sensor  10  interactive with an actuator system housed in part within control panel  11 , and electrically activated valve  12 . 
     Sensor  10  is installed at a site in a building prone to flooding, and generally below a floor surface  13  where water  14  may accumulate and remain confined by an adjacent wall structure  28 . In multi-floor buildings, the sensor is preferably disposed in the space between a floor surface  13  and underlying ceiling surface  36 . In such disposition, the sensor is emplaced by insertion through an accommodating opening in said ceiling surface, then closing said opening as by patching. The sensor is preferably attached to a floor joist  37  below and adjacent wall structure  28 . When the system of this invention is installed into a new building undergoing construction, the sensors are preferably emplaced before the underlying ceiling is installed. A number of said sensors may be positioned at strategic sites within the building being protected by the flood control system of this invention. Said building is further equipped with an electrical supply system, generally involving AC current of 110 to 120 volts. 
     Sensor  10  includes an accumulating housing  33  which preferably contains a float mechanism  30  and associated electrical switch mechanism  38  which becomes activated when water accumulates to a predetermined elevation within said housing. Suitable float mechanism switches useful in the practice of this invention are commercially available, one in particular being Model M8000, manufactured by the Madison Company of Branford, Conn. 06405. 
     Housing  33  is of small size and preferably cubical configuration, measuring between about 1.5 and 2.5 inches per side, and is capable of holding between about 50 and 200 cc of water. Bottom panel  34  of said housing contains a drainage aperture  35  of sufficiently small size that the emptying of all the water from said housing by gravity impetus requires at least 10 minutes. A water absorbent sponge  39  is preferably positioned beneath drainage aperture  35 . The purpose of said sponge is to prevent the drained water from falling as a focused stream direction upon the underlying ceiling  36 . Instead, said sponge dissipates the water and facilitates evaporation thereof. Suitable sponges include open-celled sponges of regenerated cellulose as sold for general kitchen uses, and manufactured by the OCelO Company of Tonawanda, N.Y. In those situations wherein the floor is a concrete slab, representing the foundation structure of the building, the sensor can be recessed into a hole formed in the concrete, said hole serving as an accumulating housing. A drainage aperture is provided, leading to the underlying ground. 
     A feed tube  15  conveys water by gravity flow into housing  33 . Filter means such as screen  40  are preferably associated with the upper extremity of tube  15  to remove any debris that would otherwise clog aperture  35 . When a sufficient level of water builds up within said housing, float mechanism  30  rises sufficiently to achieve completion of an electrical circuit which produces a control signal. When the float descends, said electrical circuit is broken. 
     A suitable electrical circuit, designated by numeral  16  in FIG. 3, preferably carries a 24 volt current, thereby minimizing any hazard involving the use of electrical current in a flood situation. 
     Control panel  11 , protected by enclosure  18 , is connected to a source of 110 Volt AC current, and contains a transformer  19  which produces a 24 Volt current that is routed to sensor  10 . A stop relay  20 , included in panel  11 , is designed to receive 24 Volt current from sensor  10  in its flood-activated state, and in turn supply 110 Volt current to shut-off valve  12 . Such action causes closure of the conduit serviced by valve  12 . An open relay  21 , included in panel  11 , is activated by a manual on/off electrical switch  22  in a manner to cause reopening of valve  12 . 
     Stop relay  20  and open relay  21  are of similar construction and functionality, each having an electromagnet activatable by 24V current to achieve completion of a 110V circuit, as by the bridging of two contact points. When not activated by said 24V current, a spring-urged retraction movement disconnects said bridging. Relays suitable for use as stop relay  20  and open relay  21  are Model 90-290Q, SPNO type made by the Steveco Company. 
     Shut-off valve  12  is positioned within the main water supply line  25  for the building wherein the flood control system of this invention is installed. Said valve is activated by 110 Volt current, and preferably employs a ball type of valve mechanism. A suitable shut-off valve for use in the practice of the present invention is Series EA Automatic True Union Valve, made by Hayward Industrial Products, Inc. of Elizabeth, N.J. Said Series EA valve is comprised of a drive component  26  having a high torque motor interactive by way of a gear train with a valve component  27 . Said valve component preferably employs seats of Teflon polytetraflubroethylene. 
     The ball valve component  27  of shut-off valve  12  is configured such that about three seconds of time are required for rotation between open and closed positions. Said ball valve component is also equipped with electrical contacts which, in the course of said rotation, make or break the 110V current circuit that energizes drive component  26  for either open or closed valve positions. This constitutes a fail-safe feature which prevents continuous flow of 110V current to component  26  in the event that float mechanism  30  of sensor  10  is caused to reside in its highest elevation by virtue of a large flow of water. 
     Electrical switch  22  is a “momentary switch” which remains in a constant “neutral” position that permits automatic operation of the flood control system. It requires manual manipulation to effect on/off control of valve  12 . To effect the reopening of valve  12  following a shut-down dictated by a sensor, switch  22  must be held in one extreme position, such as upwardly directed. Such action routes 24 volt current to relay  21 , which in turn routes 110V current to valve  12  to achieve reopening. Switch  22  must be held in said extreme position for at least 3 seconds to permit adequate rotation of the ball valve, and is preferably held for 6 to 10 seconds for assured rotation. Similarly, valve  12  can optionally be closed by holding switch  22  in its second extreme position, such as downwardly directed. After a leak has been detected by a sensor, and time-consuming repairs are needed, it is important to have the aforesaid ability to manually control the reopening of valve  12 . 
     A pull-out type of electrical disconnect switch  24  is positioned in a manner to enable the rapid and safe cut-off of the 110 Volt current directed toward control panel  11 . A suitable disconnect switch useful in the practice of this invention is model OT30SG made by the Square D Company of Palatine, Ill. 
     In the operation of the installed flood-control system of this invention, sensor  10 , when activated by accumulated water, causes valve  12  to shut-off water supply to the building. When water drains out of housing  33 , stop relay  20  automatically resets itself. However, restoration of water flow through supply line  25  is accomplished by operation of manual on/off switch  22 . Such features of operation ensure that whatever condition which caused the flooding is remedied before water service is reestablished. 
     While particular examples of the present invention have been shown and described, it is apparent that changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the invention in its broadest aspects. The aim of the appended claims, therefore, is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.