Abstract:
The inventions relate generally to uninterruptible power supply enclosures and rack-mountable battery enclosures. More particularly, the inventions relate to inverter and battery enclosures that are rack-mountable and provide access to the internal batteries in mounted positions. Disclosed herein are cabinet structures which facilitate the replacement of batteries in rack-mount devices using repositionable front covers and internal battery mounting systems whereby batteries may be installed and removed through an aperture that may be exposed through the front cover. Detailed information on various example embodiments of the inventions are provided in the Detailed Description below, and the inventions are defined by the appended claims.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/314,084 filed Aug. 22, 2001. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONS  
         [0002]    Electronic devices such as computer systems and uninterruptable power supply systems can be mounted in an electronics rack, saving floor space, providing organization, and protecting cables to the rack mounted components. Common rack mountable cabinets include four vertical rails into which are fashioned a series of regular holes, into which screws or other positioning devices may be inserted to maintain electronic equipment in a fixed position. The regular holes define a series of regular positions into which inserted components may be secured. The heights of the components conforming to a standard are typically sized in mounting unit increments to allow for the efficient utilization of rack space and the standardization of rack structures. An example of a definable mounting increment is a RETMA (U) unit for an electronics rack conforming to the commonly used EIA-310 standard.  
           [0003]    Rack mountable UPS systems may be fashioned with an interior battery, provided that the battery is not too large for the enclosure. Those systems can provide a limited amount of power to electrical equipment in the event of power loss. Other UPS systems provide battery modules in a separate cabinet from the inverter cabinet. Those systems can provide more power than the UPS systems with internal batteries. Some UPS systems also permit the combination of a single inverter with multiple battery modules, providing even more emergency power. Most commonly in UPS systems batteries of the lead-acid type are included, as they are currently the most economical in terms of cost per amount of energy stored.  
           [0004]    Through the course of operation of a UPS device, batteries eventually fail. This is especially true of lead-acid batteries, which can be expected to have lifespans of about three to seven years under favorable circumstances. One factor which accelerates battery failure is overcharging. Most charging circuits do not intelligently monitor the charge state of the batteries; rather to save cost simplified circuits are used which are based on providing a constant current to the battery. In some circuits a two step approach is used. First, when a battery is detected to have been discharged, a large current is provided to a battery to provide a quick recharge. The second step is to provide a trickle-charge to the battery to maintain the charge in the full state. This trickle-charge, although small, will contribute to the failure of the battery. Further accelerating lead-acid battery failure are discharge and recharge events, especially if batteries become nearly exhausted of charge. In UPS systems this event may be repeated each time a power loss occurs.  
           [0005]    Because of the limited lifetime of the batteries, manufacturers often recommend replacement of the batteries after a number of years of use. In the past, replacement of a battery entails powering down systems relying on the UPS, removing the UPS from those systems, removing a cover, replacing the battery, reinstalling the cover and UPS, and powering up the dependent systems. For rack-mountable UPS systems, additional steps of unmounting and remounting the UPS in the rack are also generally required. These additional steps also generally mandate the requirement of powering down the UPS systems and dependent equipment, as cables reaching from the equipment in the rack and the cabinet containing the battery are generally not long enough to permit the cabinet to be set on a nearby bench during the procedure. Additionally cables may be entangled or may become dislodged, and thus the dependent equipment is subject to accidental power loss should the power be left active during the battery replacement procedure. Because of this, battery replacement has in the past been a cumbersome procedure.  
           [0006]    Thus there is a need for rack-mountable enclosures suitable for containing a battery, providing access to the battery without removal of the enclosure from the rack, potentially permitting replacement of a battery without requiring a power down of a UPS or dependent equipment.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONS  
         [0007]    The inventions relate generally to uninterruptible power supply enclosures and rack-mountable battery enclosures. More particularly, the inventions relate to inverter and battery enclosures that are rack-mountable and provide access to the internal batteries in mounted positions.  
           [0008]    Disclosed herein are cabinet structures which facilitate the replacement of batteries in rack-mount devices using repositionable front covers and internal battery mounting systems whereby batteries may be installed and removed through an aperture that may be exposed through the front cover. Detailed information on various example embodiments of the inventions are provided in the Detailed Description below, and the inventions are defined by the appended claims. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0009]    [0009]FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a rack-mountable battery module providing front panel access to two battery sleds.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of a rack-mountable inverter cabinet.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of an inverter cabinet capable of housing an internal battery accessible through a repositionable front panel.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 4 illustrates a battery module in a rack-mountable configuration.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 5 illustrates an example battery module in a floor mount configuration.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 6 illustrates an inverter product in a rack-mountable configuration, wherein an inverter is contained.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 7 illustrates an inverter product in a floor mount configuration.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 8 illustrates an inverter product in a rack-mountable configuration.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 9 illustrates an inverter product in a floor mount configuration.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 10 shows a top view of an example bezel that may be included in a cabinet assembly.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 11 shows a front view of an example bezel that may be included in a cabinet assembly.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 12 shows a bottom view of an example bezel that may be included in a cabinet assembly.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 13 shows a left side view of an example bezel that may be included in a cabinet assembly.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 14 shows a right side view of an example bezel that may be included in a cabinet assembly.  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of an example bezel that may be included in a cabinet assembly.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 16 shows a top view of an example insert that may be included in a battery module cabinet assembly.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 17 shows a front view of an example insert that may be included in a battery module cabinet assembly.  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 18 shows a right side view of an example insert that may be included in a battery module cabinet assembly.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 19 shows a top view of an example filter bracket.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 20 shows a front view of an example filter bracket.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 21 shows a bottom view of an example filter bracket.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 22 shows a right side view of an example filter bracket.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 23 shows a top view of an example insert that may be included in an inverter product cabinet assembly.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 24 shows a front view of an example insert that may be included in an inverter product cabinet assembly.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 25 shows a right side view of an example insert that may be included in an inverter product cabinet assembly.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 26 shows a top view of an example filter bracket that may be combined with the insert of FIGS. 23, 24 and  25 .  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 27 shows a front view of an example filter bracket that may be combined with the insert of FIGS. 23, 24 and  25 .  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 28 shows a bottom view of an example filter bracket that may be combined with the insert of FIGS. 23, 24 and  25 .  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 29 shows a right side view of an example filter bracket that may be combined with the insert of FIGS. 23, 24 and  25 .  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 30 shows a top view of an example base for a battery module capable of holding two battery sleds in rails in the interior of the battery module cabinet.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 31 shows a left side view of an example base for a battery module capable of holding two battery sleds in rails in the interior of the battery module cabinet.  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 32 shows a front view of an example base for a battery module capable of holding two battery sleds in rails in the interior of the battery module cabinet.  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 33 shows a bottom view of an example base for a battery module capable of holding two battery sleds in rails in the interior of the battery module cabinet.  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 34 shows a right side view of an example base for a battery module capable of holding two battery sleds in rails in the interior of the battery module cabinet.  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 35 shows a perspective view of an example base for a battery module capable of holding two battery sleds in rails in the interior of the battery module cabinet.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 36 shows a top view of an example base for an inverter product capable of holding a single battery sled in rails in the interior of the inverter product cabinet.  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 37 shows a left side view of an example base for an inverter product capable of holding a single battery sled in rails in the interior of the inverter product cabinet.  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 38 shows a front view of an example base for an inverter product capable of holding a single battery sled in rails in the interior of the inverter product cabinet.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 39 shows a bottom view of an example base for an inverter product capable of holding a single battery sled in rails in the interior of the inverter product cabinet.  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 40 shows a right side view of an example base for an inverter product capable of holding a single battery sled in rails in the interior of the inverter product cabinet.  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 41 shows a perspective view of an example base for an inverter product capable of holding a single battery sled in rails in the interior of the inverter product cabinet.  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 42 shows a top view of an example base for a battery module cabinet capable of receiving rack mounts or swing-leg mounts as described above.  
         [0051]    [0051]FIG. 43 shows a left side view of an example base for a battery module cabinet capable of receiving rack mounts or swing-leg mounts as described above.  
         [0052]    [0052]FIG. 44 shows a front view of an example base for a battery module cabinet capable of receiving rack mounts or swing-leg mounts as described above.  
         [0053]    [0053]FIG. 45 shows a bottom view of an example base for a battery module cabinet capable of receiving rack mounts or swing-leg mounts as described above.  
         [0054]    [0054]FIG. 46 shows a right side view of an example base for a battery module cabinet capable of receiving rack mounts or swing-leg mounts as described above.  
         [0055]    [0055]FIG. 47 shows a perspective view of an example base for a battery module cabinet capable of receiving rack mounts or swing-leg mounts as described above.  
         [0056]    [0056]FIG. 48 shows a top view of an example left side bracket that may be included in one of the illustrated inverter product cabinets.  
         [0057]    [0057]FIG. 49 shows a front view of an example left side bracket that may be included in one of the illustrated inverter product cabinets.  
         [0058]    [0058]FIG. 50 shows a perspective view of an example right side bracket that may be included in a battery module or inverter product cabinet.  
         [0059]    [0059]FIG. 51 shows a left side view of an example right side bracket that may be included in a battery module or inverter product cabinet.  
         [0060]    [0060]FIG. 52 shows a perspective view of an example left side bracket that may be included in one of the illustrated inverter product cabinets.  
         [0061]    [0061]FIG. 53 shows a right side view of an example left side bracket that may be included in one of the illustrated inverter product cabinets.  
         [0062]    [0062]FIG. 54 shows a top view of an example right side bracket that may be included in a battery module or inverter product cabinet.  
         [0063]    [0063]FIG. 55 shows a front view of an example right side bracket that may be included in a battery module or inverter product cabinet.  
         [0064]    [0064]FIG. 56 shows a top side view of another example left side bracket that may be included in one of the illustrated battery module products.  
         [0065]    [0065]FIG. 57 shows a front side view of another example left side bracket that may be included in one of the illustrated battery module products.  
         [0066]    [0066]FIG. 58 shows a perspective view of another example left side bracket that may be included in one of the illustrated battery module products.  
         [0067]    [0067]FIG. 59 shows a right side view of another example left side bracket that may be included in one of the illustrated battery module products.  
         [0068]    [0068]FIG. 60 shows a rear view of an example removable sled base providing alignment.  
         [0069]    [0069]FIG. 61 shows a left side view of an example removable sled base providing alignment.  
         [0070]    [0070]FIG. 62 shows a front side view of an example removable sled base providing alignment.  
         [0071]    [0071]FIG. 63 shows a perspective view of an example removable sled base providing alignment.  
         [0072]    [0072]FIG. 64 shows a top view of an example removable sled base providing alignment.  
         [0073]    [0073]FIG. 65 shows a right side view of an example removable sled base providing alignment.  
         [0074]    [0074]FIG. 66 shows a top view of a sled top cover that may be combined with the sled base of FIGS. 60, 61,  62 ,  63 ,  64  and  65  to contain one or more batteries.  
         [0075]    [0075]FIG. 67 shows a perspective view of a sled top cover that may be combined with the sled base of FIGS. 60, 61,  62 ,  63 ,  64  and  65  to contain one or more batteries.  
         [0076]    [0076]FIG. 68 shows a left side view of a sled top cover that may be combined with the sled base of FIGS. 60, 61,  62 ,  63 ,  64  and  65  to contain one or more batteries.  
         [0077]    [0077]FIG. 69 shows a front view of a sled top cover that may be combined with the sled base of FIGS. 60, 61,  62 ,  63 ,  64  and  65  to contain one or more batteries.  
         [0078]    [0078]FIG. 70 shows a right side view of a sled top cover that may be combined with the sled base of FIGS. 60, 61,  62 ,  63 ,  64  and  65  to contain one or more batteries.  
         [0079]    [0079]FIG. 71 shows a top view of an example rear panel of an inverter product.  
         [0080]    [0080]FIG. 72 shows a left side view of an example rear panel of an inverter product.  
         [0081]    [0081]FIG. 73 shows a front view of an example rear panel of an inverter product.  
         [0082]    [0082]FIG. 74 shows a right side view of an example rear panel of an inverter product.  
         [0083]    [0083]FIG. 75 shows a bottom view of an example rear panel of an inverter product.  
         [0084]    [0084]FIG. 76 illustrates a filler panel for a rear panel having a fitting for an ethernet panel.  
         [0085]    [0085]FIG. 77 shows a top view of an example rear panel of a battery module.  
         [0086]    [0086]FIG. 78 shows a left side view of an example rear panel of a battery module.  
         [0087]    [0087]FIG. 79 shows a front view of an example rear panel of a battery module.  
         [0088]    [0088]FIG. 80 shows a right side view of an example rear panel of a battery module.  
         [0089]    [0089]FIG. 81 shows a bottom view of an example rear panel of a battery module.  
         [0090]    [0090]FIG. 82 shows a top view of an example rear panel of an inverter product.  
         [0091]    [0091]FIG. 83 shows a left side view of an example rear panel of an inverter product.  
         [0092]    [0092]FIG. 84 shows a front view of an example rear panel of an inverter product.  
         [0093]    [0093]FIG. 85 shows a bottom view of an example rear panel of an inverter product.  
         [0094]    [0094]FIG. 86 shows a perspective view of an example rear panel of an inverter product.  
         [0095]    [0095]FIG. 87 shows a right side view of an example rear panel of an inverter product.  
         [0096]    [0096]FIG. 88 shows a top view of an example top cover suitable for illustrated examples of battery modules and inverter products.  
         [0097]    [0097]FIG. 89 shows a left side view of an example top cover suitable for illustrated examples of battery modules and inverter products.  
         [0098]    [0098]FIG. 90 shows a front view of an example top cover suitable for illustrated examples of battery modules and inverter products.  
         [0099]    [0099]FIG. 91 shows a bottom view of an example top cover suitable for illustrated examples of battery modules and inverter products.  
         [0100]    [0100]FIG. 92 shows a right side view of an example top cover suitable for illustrated examples of battery modules and inverter products.  
         [0101]    [0101]FIG. 93 shows a perspective view of an example top cover suitable for illustrated examples of battery modules and inverter products.  
         [0102]    [0102]FIG. 94 shows a top view of an example breaker bracket of a battery module capable of receiving a circuit breaker.  
         [0103]    [0103]FIG. 95 shows a front view of an example breaker bracket of a battery module capable of receiving a circuit breaker.  
         [0104]    [0104]FIG. 96 shows a right side view of an example breaker bracket of a battery module capable of receiving a circuit breaker.  
         [0105]    [0105]FIG. 97 shows the front side of a breaker panel that may be combined with a breaker bracket of the illustrated examples of the invention.  
         [0106]    [0106]FIG. 98 shows a top view of another example breaker bracket capable of receiving a circuit breaker.  
         [0107]    [0107]FIG. 99 shows a front view of another example breaker bracket capable of receiving a circuit breaker.  
         [0108]    [0108]FIG. 100 shows a right side view of another example breaker bracket capable of receiving a circuit breaker.  
         [0109]    [0109]FIG. 101 shows a front side view of another example breaker panel that may be combined with a breaker bracket of illustrated examples of the invention.  
         [0110]    [0110]FIG. 102 shows a lower leg bracket capable of receiving swing legs and mountable to a cabinet.  
         [0111]    [0111]FIG. 103 shows an alternate lower leg bracket.  
         [0112]    [0112]FIG. 104 depicts a top key for securing adjacent cabinets utilizing a swing leg stand.  
         [0113]    [0113]FIG. 105 shows a swing leg of the illustrated cabinet mounting examples.  
         [0114]    [0114]FIG. 106 shows a top view of an example rack mount bracket for mounting a cabinet to a rack.  
         [0115]    [0115]FIG. 107 shows a perspective view of an example rack mount bracket for mounting a cabinet to a rack.  
         [0116]    [0116]FIG. 108 shows a front view of an example rack mount bracket for mounting a cabinet to a rack.  
         [0117]    [0117]FIG. 109 shows a right side view of an example rack mount bracket for mounting a cabinet to a rack.  
         [0118]    [0118]FIG. 110 shows a top view of an example ethernet bracket of the illustrated products.  
         [0119]    [0119]FIG. 111 shows a left side view of an example ethernet bracket of the illustrated products.  
         [0120]    [0120]FIG. 112 shows a front view of an example ethernet bracket of the illustrated products.  
         [0121]    [0121]FIG. 113 shows a bottom view of an example ethernet bracket of the illustrated products.  
         [0122]    [0122]FIG. 114 shows a perspective view of an example ethernet bracket of the illustrated products.  
         [0123]    [0123]FIG. 115 shows a right side view of an example ethernet bracket of the illustrated products.  
         [0124]    [0124]FIG. 116 depicts one outlet panel that may receive outlets and is mountable to some inverter products.  
         [0125]    [0125]FIG. 117 depicts an alternate outlet panel used on other inverter products.  
         [0126]    [0126]FIG. 118 shows a top view of an example face plate that may be used in illustrated examples of inverter products.  
         [0127]    [0127]FIG. 119 shows a perspective view of an example face plate that may be used in illustrated examples of inverter products.  
         [0128]    [0128]FIG. 120 shows a front side view of an example face plate that may be used in illustrated examples of inverter products.  
         [0129]    [0129]FIG. 121 shows a right side view of an example face plate that may be used in illustrated examples of inverter products.  
         [0130]    [0130]FIG. 122 shows a top view of an example left wire channel of illustrated products.  
         [0131]    [0131]FIG. 123 shows a left side view of an example left wire channel of illustrated products.  
         [0132]    [0132]FIG. 124 shows a front view of an example left wire channel of illustrated products.  
         [0133]    [0133]FIG. 125 shows a right side view of an example left wire channel of illustrated products.  
         [0134]    [0134]FIG. 126 shows a bottom view of an example left wire channel of illustrated products.  
         [0135]    [0135]FIG. 127 shows a front side view of a connector top bracket that may be used to house connectors.  
         [0136]    [0136]FIG. 128 shows a right side view of a connector top bracket that may be used to house connectors.  
         [0137]    [0137]FIG. 129 shows a bottom view of a connector top bracket that may be used to house connectors.  
         [0138]    [0138]FIG. 130 shows a perspective view of a connector top bracket that may be used to house connectors.  
         [0139]    [0139]FIG. 131 shows a perspective view of a sled rail that may be used in illustrated products.  
         [0140]    [0140]FIG. 132 shows a front side view of a sled rail that may be used in illustrated products.  
         [0141]    [0141]FIG. 133 shows a right side view of a sled rail that may be used in illustrated products.  
         [0142]    [0142]FIG. 134 shows a top view of an example sled stop bracket.  
         [0143]    [0143]FIG. 135 shows a perspective view of an example sled stop bracket.  
         [0144]    [0144]FIG. 136 shows a front view of an example sled stop bracket.  
         [0145]    [0145]FIG. 137 shows a right side view of an example sled stop bracket.  
         [0146]    [0146]FIG. 138 shows a top view of a connector bottom bracket that may be combined with the connector top bracket of FIGS. 127, 128,  129  and  130 .  
         [0147]    [0147]FIG. 139 shows a perspective view of a connector bottom bracket that may be combined with the connector top bracket of FIGS. 127, 128,  129  and  130 .  
         [0148]    [0148]FIG. 140 shows a front side view of a connector bottom bracket that may be combined with the connector top bracket of FIGS. 127, 128,  129  and  130 .  
         [0149]    [0149]FIG. 141 shows a right side view of a connector bottom bracket that may be combined with the connector top bracket of FIGS. 127, 128,  129  and  130 .  
         [0150]    [0150]FIG. 142 shows a top view of a center wire channel of illustrated products.  
         [0151]    [0151]FIG. 143 shows a front view of a center wire channel of illustrated products.  
         [0152]    [0152]FIG. 144 shows a right side view of a center wire channel of illustrated products.  
         [0153]    [0153]FIG. 145 shows a top view of an example right wire channel.  
         [0154]    [0154]FIG. 146 shows a left side view of an example right wire channel.  
         [0155]    [0155]FIG. 147 shows a front view of an example right wire channel.  
         [0156]    [0156]FIG. 148 shows a right side view of an example right wire channel.  
         [0157]    [0157]FIG. 150 shows a top view of a sled handle bracket that may be attached to a battery sled.  
         [0158]    [0158]FIG. 151 shows a left side view of a sled handle bracket that may be attached to a battery sled.  
         [0159]    [0159]FIG. 152 shows a perspective view of a sled handle bracket that may be attached to a battery sled.  
         [0160]    [0160]FIG. 153 shows a front view of a sled handle bracket that may be attached to a battery sled.  
         [0161]    [0161]FIG. 154 shows a bottom view of a sled handle bracket that may be attached to a battery sled.  
         [0162]    [0162]FIG. 155 shows a top view of an example sled alignment bracket of the illustrated products.  
         [0163]    [0163]FIG. 156 shows a front view of an example sled alignment bracket of the illustrated products.  
         [0164]    [0164]FIG. 157 shows a right side view of an example sled alignment bracket of the illustrated products.  
         [0165]    [0165]FIG. 158 shows a top view of an alternate sled rail with improved ease of alignment.  
         [0166]    [0166]FIG. 159 shows a front view of an alternate sled rail with improved ease of alignment.  
         [0167]    [0167]FIG. 160 shows a right side view of an alternate sled rail with improved ease of alignment.  
         [0168]    [0168]FIG. 161 illustrates a battery protection system of the invention.  
         [0169]    [0169]FIG. 162 illustrates a battery protection procedure. 
     
    
       [0170]    Reference will now be made in detail to some embodiments of the inventions, example of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.  
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0171]    In the illustrated examples components may be fashioned from sheet metal through stamping and bending process, or other processes known to those skilled in the art. Other components may be fashioned through the use of plastic injection molding techniques.  
         [0172]    [0172]FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a rack-mountable battery module providing front panel access to two battery sleds. A base  100 , right side bracket  102 R, left side bracket  102 L, top cover  104 , and rear panel  140  form a cabinet to which other components may be enclosed and attached. Sled rails  126 L and  126 R provide guidance for the movement of sled bases  118  within the battery module. Sled stop brackets  128  are provided to stop the movement of sled bases  118  in a nominal position within the battery module, and may also provide for fastening a sled base  118  to the brackets  128  to secure the battery sled to the battery module. Sled top covers  116  attach to sled bases  118 , forming a battery enclosure whereby a battery may be contained and protected. A connector top bracket  124  and a connector bottom bracket  122  provide mounting for one or more electrical connectors. In a preferred embodiment the connector top and bottom brackets are designed to contain 30A Powerpole® connectors made by Anderson Power Products of Sterling, Mass. Brackets  122  and  124  attach to sled base  118  to maintain the attached connectors in a fixed position relative to the sled base. A sled handle  120  may be provided to ease handling of the battery enclosure. Attached to base  100  are brackets  136  and  138  which likewise provide mounting for electrical connectors. Brackets  136  and  138  are mounted in a position relative to base  100  such that insertion of sled base  118  into rails  126 L and  126 R in a final position permits the electrical connectors to mate. Wire guides  134 R and  134 L may be included to restrain wires to connectors mounted by brackets  136  and  138 . A breaker bracket  130  may be included to provide mounting to a circuit breaker, or other electrical hardware, relative to base  100 . Hinge mounts  142  provide mounting for hinges by which a front cover may be attached. In this illustration a front cover is formed by a bezel  108  and an insert  110 . Filter brackets  112  provide mounting of dust filters to insert  110 . A panel  114  is also mounted to insert  110 , which may provide mounting for indicators or controls, and may also have apertures through which devices mounted to breaker bracket  130  may be viewed and controlled. A center wire channel  132  provides restriction and organization of internal wires.  
         [0173]    [0173]FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of a rack-mountable inverter cabinet according to the invention. A cabinet is formed by a base  200 , a right side bracket  202 R, a left side bracket  202 L, a top cover  206 , and a rear panel  212 . A front cover is formed by a bezel  218 , an insert  216 , and a filter bracket  214 . The front cover is mounted to base  200  through hinges as in the module of FIG. 1. An outlet panel  210  provides mounting for outlets powered by the inverter. An ethernet bracket  204  may be provided to house a controller and ethernet electronics to provide network functions to client network devices. A filler panel  208  may be installed if ethernet functionality is not desired. Otherwise an ethernet face plate, such as shown in FIGS. 118, 119,  120  and  121  may be installed in the same location.  
         [0174]    [0174]FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of an inverter cabinet capable of housing an internal battery accessible through a repositionable front panel. A cabinet is formed by a base  300 , a right side bracket  304 R, a left side bracket  304 L, a top cover  302  and a rear panel  306 . Sled rails  322 L and  322 R provide guidance for the movement of sled bases  328  within the inverter cabinet. A sled stop bracket  324  provides a stop for sled bases  328  to a normal position relative to base  300 , and may also provide for fastening a sled base  328  to a brackets  324  to secure the battery sled to the inverter cabinet. Sled top covers  326  attach to sled bases  328 , forming a battery enclosure whereby a battery may be contained and protected. A connector top bracket  332  and a connector bottom bracket  330  provide mounting for one or more electrical connectors. Brackets  330  and  332  attach to sled base  328  to maintain the attached connectors in a fixed position relative to the sled base. A sled handle  334  may be provided. Attached to base  300  are brackets  318  and  320  which provide mounting for mating electrical connectors, these connectors mating with the connectors mounted by brackets  330  and  332 . Brackets  318  and  320  are mounted in a position relative to base  300  such that insertion of sled base  328  into rails  322 L and  322 R in a final position permits the electrical connectors to mate. A wire guide  316  may be included to restrain wires to connectors mounted by brackets  318  and  320 . A sled alignment bracket  314  may be provided to further position a sled base  328  relative to base  300 . Hinge mounts  342  provide mounting for hinges by which a front cover may be attached. In this illustration a front cover is formed by a bezel  340  and an insert  338 . A filter bracket  336  provides mounting of a dust filter. An outlet panel  310  provides mountings for outlets powered by the inverter of the cabinet. An ethernet bracket  312  may be provided to house a controller and ethernet electronics to provide network functions to client network devices. A filter panel  308  may be installed in ethernet functionality is not provided. Otherwise an ethernet face plate, such as shown in FIGS. 118, 119,  120 , and  121  may be installed in the same location.  
         [0175]    In the examples of FIGS. 1, 2, and  3 , access to the batteries is provided through the front cover by the removal of two screws, after which the front cover may be swung down. Other systems and methods of relocation of a front cover are within the inventive concepts: for example a sliding front cover, a removable cover secured with thumbscrews or other connectors, covers hinging from the sides or the top, and covers with doors and apertures. Also in the examples of FIGS. 1, 2, and  3  are systems for securing a battery inside an enclosure using rails, all through an aperture in the front of the enclosure. In those examples alignment features are also provided to align an electrical connector and a battery enclosure to the mounts. Other systems and methods of securing batteries are within the inventive concepts, for example spring clips and guide rods. Other alignment features are also considered to be within the scope of the invention, for example keyed brackets and tapered guides.  
         [0176]    In preferred systems of the invention a battery may be removed from a battery module or inverter product without powering the equipment down. Access to filters for replacement and cleaning is also provided in those systems through repositioning of the front cover. Additionally in the preferred systems the connection and disconnection of the battery and the battery module is effected by inserting a battery sled into a battery module or inverter product, without additional manual steps.  
         [0177]    [0177]FIG. 4 illustrates a battery module in a rack-mountable configuration. A battery module cabinet includes a top cover  400 , a base  404 , a bezel  402 , and an insert  403 . Inner slide rails  406 R and  406 L are fastened to base  404 . Outer slide rails  408 L and  408 R are positionable to slide relative to inner slide rails  406 R and  406 L. Front mounting brackets  412 R and  412 L and rear mounting brackets  410 R and  410 L fasten to outer slide rails  408 R and  408 L and are securable to a rack cabinet. Rack mount brackets  414 R and  414 L fasten to the battery module cabinet providing additional fastening points to secure the module to a rack, fixing the module in the direction of the slide rail movement. Handles  416  may also be provided.  
         [0178]    [0178]FIG. 5 illustrates an example battery module in a floor mount configuration. A battery module cabinet includes a top cover  508 , a base  506 , a bezel  500 , an insert  502 , and a panel  504 . In this example hinges  510  provide connection from bezel  500  to base  506  and permit access to the interior of the battery module cabinet by repositioning the front panel of components  500 ,  502 , and  504 . Two opposing swing legs  520  are attached to a lower leg bracket  518 , which is in turn affixed to one side of base  506 . On the opposing side of the module cabinet a handle bracket  514  is attached, to which a handle  516  is attached to permit ease of carrying the battery module. A key  512  may also be attached to adjoining cabinets to increase the stability of the set of cabinets.  
         [0179]    [0179]FIG. 6 illustrates an inverter product in a rack-mountable configuration, wherein an inverter is contained. An inverter product cabinet includes a top cover  600 , a base  604 , a bezel  622 , and an insert  602 . Inner slide rails  606 R and  606 L are fastened to base  604 . Outer slide rails  608 L and  608 R are positionable to slide relative to inner slide rails  606 R and  606 L. Front mounting brackets  612 R and  612 L and rear mounting brackets  610 R and  610 L fasten to outer slide rails  608 R and  608 L and are securable to a rack cabinet. Rack mount brackets  614 R and  614 L fasten to the inverter product cabinet providing additional fastening points to secure the inverter product to a rack, fixing the module in the direction of the slide rail movement. Handles  616  may also be provided. Also shown are ethernet face plate  618 , and two types of outlet panels  619  and  620 , which may be included in inverter product of this example.  
         [0180]    [0180]FIG. 7 illustrates an inverter product in a floor mount configuration, the inverter product containing inverter electronics. An inverter product cabinet includes a top cover  708 , a base  706 , a bezel  700 , and an insert  702 . In this example hinges  710  provide connection from bezel  700  to base  706  and permit access to he interior of the inverter product cabinet by repositioning the front panel of components  700  and  702 . Two opposing swing legs  720  are attached to a lower leg bracket  718 , which is in tern affixed to one side of base  706 . On the opposing side of the module cabinet a handle bracket  714  is attached, to which a handle  716  is attached to permit ease of carrying the inverter product. A key  712  may also be attached to adjoining cabinets to increase the stability of the set of cabinets.  
         [0181]    [0181]FIG. 8 illustrates an inverter product in a rack-mountable configuration, wherein inverter electronics are contained. An inverter product cabinet includes a top cover  800 , a base  804 , a bezel  822 , and an insert  802 . Inner slide rails  806 R and  806 L are fastened to base  804 . Outer slide rails  808 L and  808 R are positionable to slide relative to inner slide rails  806 R and  806 L. Front mounting brackets  812 R and  812 L and rear mounting brackets  810 R and  810 L fasten to outer slide rails  808 R and  808 L and are securable to a rack cabinet. Rack mount brackets  814 R and  814 L fasten to the inverter product cabinet providing additional fastening points to secure the inverter product to a rack, fixing the module in the direction of the slide rail movement. Handles  816  may also be provided. Also shown are ethernet face plate  820  and outlet panel  818 , which may be included in inverter product of this example.  
         [0182]    [0182]FIG. 9 illustrates an inverter product in a floor mount configuration, the inverter product containing inverter electronics. An inverter product cabinet includes a top cover  908 , a base  906 , a bezel  900 , and an insert  904 . In this example hinges  910  provide connection from bezel  900  to base  906  and permit access to he interior of the inverter product cabinet by repositioning the front panel of components  900  and  904 . Two opposing swing legs  920  are attached to a lower leg bracket  918 , which is in turn affixed to one side of base  906 . On the opposing side of the module cabinet a handle bracket  914  is attached, to which a handle  916  is attached to permit ease of carrying the inverter product. A key  912  may also be attached to adjoining cabinets to increase the stability of the set of cabinets.  
         [0183]    In each of FIGS. 5, 7, and  9  the swing legs may be swung against the lower leg bracket to facilitate moving and setting the cabinets in positions other than resting against the swing legs.  
         [0184]    [0184]FIGS. 10, 11,  12 ,  13 ,  14 , and  15  illustrate one example bezel that may be included in a cabinet assembly, the bezel having attachment points for hinges. FIG. 11 shows a front view. FIG. 10 shows a top view. FIG. 12 shows a bottom view. FIG. 13 shows a left side view, while FIG. 14 shows a right side view. Finally FIG. 15 shows a perspective view.  
         [0185]    [0185]FIGS. 16, 17 and  18  illustrate an example insert that may be included in a battery module cabinet assembly. FIG. 17 shows a front view. FIG. 16 shows a top view. And FIG. 18 shows a right side view of the example insert.  
         [0186]    [0186]FIGS. 19, 20,  21 , and  22  illustrate an example filter bracket that may be combined with the insert of FIGS. 16, 17 and  18 , the filter bracket capable of holding a filter. FIG. 20 shows a front view. FIG. 19 shows a top view, while FIG. 21 shows a bottom view. Finally FIG. 22 shows a right side view of the example filter bracket.  
         [0187]    [0187]FIGS. 23, 24, and  25  illustrate an example insert that may be included in an inverter product cabinet assembly. FIG. 24 shows a front view. FIG. 23 shows a top view. FIG. 25 shows a right side view of that example insert.  
         [0188]    [0188]FIGS. 26, 27,  28 , and  29  illustrate an example filter bracket that may be combined with the insert of FIGS. 23, 24 and  25 , the filter bracket capable of holding a filter. FIG. 27 shows a front view. FIG. 26 shows a top view. FIG. 28 shows a bottom view. Finally FIG. 29 shows a right side view of the example filter bracket.  
         [0189]    [0189]FIGS. 30, 31,  32 ,  33 ,  34 , and  35  illustrate an example base for a battery module capable of holding two battery sleds in rails in the interior of the battery module cabinet. FIG. 32 shows a front view. FIG. 30 shows a top view, while FIG. 33 shows a bottom view. FIG. 31 shows a left side view. FIG. 34 shows a right side view. Finally, FIG. 35 shows a perspective view of that example battery module base.  
         [0190]    [0190]FIGS. 36, 37,  38 ,  39 ,  40 , and  41  illustrate an example base for an inverter product capable of holding a single battery sled in rails in the interior of the inverter product cabinet. FIG. 38 shows a front view. FIG. 36 shows a top view. FIG. 39 shows a bottom view. FIG. 37 shows a left side view, and FIG. 40 shows a right side view. FIG. 41 shows a perspective view of that example inverter product base.  
         [0191]    [0191]FIGS. 42, 43,  44 ,  45 ,  46  and  47  illustrate an example base for a battery module cabinet capable of receiving rack mounts or swing-leg mounts as described above. FIG. 44 shows a front view. FIG. 42 shows a top view. FIG. 45 shows a bottom view. FIG. 43 shows a left side view. FIG. 46 shows a right side view. Finally FIG. 47 shows a perspective view of that battery module base.  
         [0192]    [0192]FIGS. 48, 49,  52 , and  53  illustrate an example left side bracket that may be included in one of the illustrated inverter product cabinets. FIG. 49 shows a front view. FIG. 48 shows a top view. FIG. 53 shows a right side view, and finally FIG. 52 shows a perspective view of that left side bracket.  
         [0193]    [0193]FIGS. 50, 51,  54 , and  55  illustrate an example right side bracket that may be included in a battery module or inverter product cabinet. FIG. 55 shows a front view. FIG. 54 shows a top view. FIG. 51 shows a left-side view. FIG. 50 shows a perspective view of that example right side bracket.  
         [0194]    [0194]FIGS. 56, 57,  58 , and  59  show another example left side bracket that may be included in one of the illustrated battery module products. FIG. 57 shows a front side view, while FIG. 56 shows a top side view. FIG. 59 shows a right side view. Finally, FIG. 58 shows a perspective view of that example left side bracket.  
         [0195]    [0195]FIGS. 60, 61,  62 ,  63 ,  64 , and  65  illustrate an example removable sled base providing alignment within some battery-containing products of the invention. FIG. 62 shows a front side view. FIG. 64 shows a top view. FIG. 60 shows a rear view. FIG. 61 shows a left side view, while FIG. 65 shows a right side view. FIG. 63 shows a perspective view of that example sled base.  
         [0196]    [0196]FIGS. 66, 67,  68 ,  69 , and  70  illustrate a sled top cover that may be combined with the sled base of FIGS. 60, 61,  62 ,  63 ,  64  and  65  to contain one or more batteries. FIG. 69 shows a front view, while FIG. 66 shows a top view. FIG. 68 shows a left side view, and FIG. 70 shows a right side view. FIG. 67 shows a perspective view of that sled top cover.  
         [0197]    [0197]FIGS. 71, 72,  73 ,  74  and  75  show an example rear panel of an inverter product. FIG. 73 shows a front view. FIG. 71 shows a top view. FIG. 72 shows a left side view, while FIG. 74 shows a right side view. Finally, FIG. 75 shows a bottom view of that example rear panel.  
         [0198]    [0198]FIG. 76 illustrates a filler panel for a rear panel having a fitting for an ethernet panel.  
         [0199]    [0199]FIGS. 77, 78,  79 ,  80 , and  81  illustrate an example rear panel of a battery module. FIG. 79 shows a front side view. FIG. 77 shows a top view, and FIG. 81 shows a bottom view. FIG. 78 shows a left side view, and FIG. 80 shows a right side view of that example rear panel.  
         [0200]    [0200]FIGS. 82, 83,  84 ,  85 ,  86 , and  87  show an example rear panel of an inverter product. FIG. 84 shows a front view. FIG. 82 shows a top view, while FIG. 85 shows a bottom view. FIG. 83 shows a left side view. FIG. 87 shows a right side view. FIG. 86 shows a perspective view of that inverter product rear panel.  
         [0201]    [0201]FIGS. 88, 89,  90 ,  91 ,  92 , and  93  illustrate an example top cover suitable for illustrated examples of battery modules and inverter products. FIG. 90 shows a front view. FIG. 88 shows a top view, and FIG. 91 shows a bottom view. FIG. 89 shows a left side view. FIG. 92 shows a right side view. FIG. 93 finally shows a perspective view of that example top cover.  
         [0202]    [0202]FIGS. 94, 95 and  96  illustrate an example breaker bracket of a battery module, the bracket capable of receiving a circuit breaker. FIG. 95 shows a front view. FIG. 94 shows a top view, while FIG. 96 shows a right side view of that example breaker bracket.  
         [0203]    [0203]FIG. 97 shows the front side of a breaker panel that may be combined with a breaker bracket of the illustrated examples of the invention.  
         [0204]    [0204]FIGS. 98, 99,  100  and  101  illustrate another example breaker bracket capable of receiving a circuit breaker. FIG. 99 shows a front view. FIG. 98 shows a top view. FIG. 100 shows a right side view of that example breaker bracket.  
         [0205]    [0205]FIG. 101 shows a front side view of another example breaker panel that may be combined with a breaker bracket of illustrated examples of the invention.  
         [0206]    [0206]FIG. 102 shows a lower leg bracket capable of receiving swing legs and mountable to a cabinet. FIG. 103 shows an alternate lower leg bracket.  
         [0207]    [0207]FIG. 104 depicts a top key for securing adjacent cabinets utilizing a swing leg stand.  
         [0208]    [0208]FIG. 105 shows a swing leg of the illustrated cabinet mounting examples.  
         [0209]    [0209]FIGS. 106, 107,  108  and  109  show an example rack mount bracket for mounting a cabinet to a rack. FIG. 108 shows a front view. FIG. 106 shows a top view. FIG. 109 shows a right side view, and FIG. 107 shows a perspective view of that rack mount bracket.  
         [0210]    [0210]FIGS. 110, 111,  112 ,  113 ,  114 , and  115  show an example ethernet bracket of the illustrated products. FIG. 112 is a front side view. FIG. 110 is a top view, while FIG. 113 is a bottom view. FIG. 111 is a left side view, and FIG. 115 is a right side view. Finally FIG. 114 is a perspective view of that example ethernet bracket.  
         [0211]    [0211]FIG. 116 depicts one outlet panel that may receive outlets and is mountable to some inverter products. FIG. 117 depicts an alternate outlet panel used on other inverter products.  
         [0212]    [0212]FIGS. 118, 119,  120 , and  121  show an example face plate that may be used in illustrated examples of inverter products. FIG. 120 shows a front side view. FIG. 118 shows a top view, while FIG. 121 shows a right side view. FIG. 119 shows a perspective view of that example face plate.  
         [0213]    [0213]FIGS. 122, 123,  124 ,  125  and  126  show an example left wire channel of illustrated products. FIG. 124 shows a front view. FIG. 122 shows a top view, while FIG. 126 shows a bottom view. FIG. 123 shows a left side view, and FIG. 125 shows a right side view of that example left wire channel. A right wire channel may be constructed using the mirror-image of a left wire channel.  
         [0214]    [0214]FIGS. 127, 128,  129 , and  130  illustrate a connector top bracket that may be used to house connectors. FIG. 127 shows a front side view. FIG. 128 shows a right side view, and FIG. 129 shows a bottom view. FIG. 130 shows a perspective view of that connector top bracket.  
         [0215]    [0215]FIGS. 131, 132 and  133  show a sled rail that may be used in illustrated products. FIG. 132 shows a front side view, while FIG. 133 shows a right side view. FIG. 131 shows a perspective view of that sled rail.  
         [0216]    [0216]FIGS. 134, 135,  136  and  137  illustrate an example sled stop bracket. FIG. 136 shows a front side view. FIG. 134 shows a top view, while FIG. 137 shows a right side view. FIG. 135 shows a perspective view of that sled stop bracket.  
         [0217]    [0217]FIGS. 138, 139,  140  and  141  show a connector bottom bracket that may be combined with the connector top bracket of FIGS. 127, 128,  129  and  130 . FIG. 140 shows a front side view. FIG. 138 shows a top view, and FIG. 141 shows a right side view. FIG. 139 shows a perspective view of that connector bottom bracket.  
         [0218]    [0218]FIGS. 142, 143 and  144  show a center wire channel of illustrated products. FIG. 143 shows a front side view. FIG. 142 shows a top view, and FIG. 144 shows a right side view of that center wire channel.  
         [0219]    [0219]FIGS. 145, 146,  147 ,  148  and  149  show an example right wire channel. FIG. 147 shows a front side view. FIG. 145 shows a top view, while FIG. 149 shows a bottom view. FIG. 146 shows a left side view, and FIG. 148 shows a right side view of that right wire channel.  
         [0220]    [0220]FIGS. 150, 151,  152 ,  153  and  154  show a sled handle bracket that may be attached to a battery sled. FIG. 153 shows a front view. FIG. 150 shows a top view, and FIG. 154 shows a bottom view. FIG. 151 shows a left side view, while FIG. 153 shows a right side view. Finally, FIG. 152 shows a perspective view of that sled handle bracket.  
         [0221]    [0221]FIGS. 155, 156 and  157  show an example sled alignment bracket of the illustrated products. FIG. 156 shows a front side view, while FIG. 155 shows a top view. FIG. 157 shows a right side view of that sled alignment bracket. Alignment pins  15500  may be tapered at the ends to assist the insertion of the pins into corresponding apertures in a battery sled enclosure.  
         [0222]    [0222]FIGS. 158, 159, and  160  illustrate an alternate sled rail with improved ease of alignment. FIG. 159 shows a front side view. FIG. 158 shows a top side view. FIG. 160 shows a right side view. The rail of this sled rail has reduced width at the front of the rail to ease entry of a sled base on to the rails. The rail is tapered to full width at the rear, permitting firm alignment prior to the mating of the electrical connectors.  
         [0223]    A battery protection system may also be incorporated into products of the invention which monitors and controls battery energy levels and prohibits depletion of energy beyond a compromising level by disconnecting loads. After energy returns to levels above the compromising level loads may be re-enabled. This procedure reduces dead and damaged batteries caused by prolonged and accidental loads.  
         [0224]    One system of the invention monitors voltage levels under load, disabling the load once voltage levels reach a compromising point. In that system the compromising point is programmable, although in other systems the point may be merely adjustable or fixed. That system may be easily modified to support various loads and battery types. After a charge voltage is sensed and safe voltage levels are reached, that system automatically resets and reconnects loads until the compromise level is reached again.  
         [0225]    In some battery protection systems of the invention a display is continuously updated showing voltage levels. Other systems go into an energy conservation sleep mode when activity is not sensed for a period of time. Other systems provide remote displays that communicate with a processor through a remote connection.  
         [0226]    In some battery protection systems of the invention an emergency two-minute override switch allows a user to reconnect loads for two minutes. Other systems with different override periods are considered, and within the inventive concepts.  
         [0227]    [0227]FIG. 160 illustrates a battery protection system of the invention, the battery charging circuit and ground connections being omitted. A processor  16108  includes software to operate the battery protection procedure. In a preferred embodiment processor  16108  is a PIC 16 F 876  available from Microchip Technology Inc. of Chandler, Ariz. Processor  16108  is supplied with regulated voltage by voltage regulator  16104 , which receives its supply from the battery under supervision,  16140 . The voltage of battery  16140  is monitored through a voltage divider  16100 , which converts the voltage range of battery  16140  to a lesser range within the available sensing voltage range of processor  16108 . If the maximum voltage of battery  16140  is within the input range of processor  16108 , the voltage divider may take the form of a direct connection. In a preferred embodiment, two resistors of 10,000 ohms or greater are used in voltage divider  16100  to reduce parasitic losses in the circuit while maintaining low production costs. A potentiometer  16102  is tied to the output voltage of voltage regulator  16104  and ground, with the wiper leg fed to processor  16108 . Adjustment of potentiometer  16102  provides a settable voltage threshold. In a preferred embodiment, the wiper output of potentiometer  16102  and the output of voltage divider  16100  are fed to a comparator circuit internal to processor  16108 , although other methods of comparing battery voltage to a voltage threshold, such as the use of ADCs, are considered within the scope of the invention.  
         [0228]    A relay  16138  is tied to the positive side of battery  16140  providing current switching to an output line  16142 . Relay  16138  is also preferably a flip-flop, such that continuous voltages or currents are not required to maintain either the on or off state of the relay  16138 . In that preferable configuration pulses of voltage may be used to change relay state, avoiding additional parasitic power losses. In that configuration MOSFET transistors are used with a low on-resistance to increase efficiency and reduce the need for dissipation of heat. In a preferred embodiment IRF 9234  and IRLZ 44  transistors from International Rectifier of El Segundo, Calif. are used in the relay.  
         [0229]    Relay  16138  may utilize drivers  16110  and  16112  to convert voltage and current levels, and to provide electrical isolation in the event of a failure of relay  16138 . Opto-isolators are preferably used. If the inputs of relay  16138  are compatible with the output voltages and currents of processor  16108 , and no electrical isolation is needed, drivers  16110  and  16112  may be omitted. Processor  16108  may be fed with the condition of the output line  16142  by providing a voltage converter  16106  to down-convert the voltage to suitable levels for processor  16108 . Processor  16108  senses the voltage of output line  16142  through voltage converter  16106 . A switch  16105  may be supplied to allow relay  16138  to remain in the on condition for a period of time after battery depletion; in a preferred embodiment that period is two minutes. A number of indicators  16126 ,  16127 ,  16128 ,  16130 ,  16132 ,  16134 , and  16136  may also be provided to show the voltage level of either the battery  16140  or the output line  16142 . In the example of FIG. 161 three colors of indicators are used: green indicating high voltage levels, yellow indicating marginal voltage levels, and red indicating critical voltage levels. An error indicator  16136  may also be driven by processor  16108  to show the presence of an error state. Drivers  16114 ,  16116 ,  16118 ,  16120 ,  16124 , and  16125  may be included if the voltage and current requirements of the indicators exceed or are exceeded by the voltage and current outputs of processor  16108 . In a preferred embodiment the indicators are current limited light emitting diodes.  
         [0230]    [0230]FIG. 161 illustrates a battery protection procedure that may be implemented in the system of FIG. 160, or other systems in the scope of the invention. The procedure begins at step  16200  which falls through to step  16202 , in which an ON pulse is sent to the relay. Step  16204  then executes delaying for a period of time, in this case two minutes. Steps  16202  and  16204  form the basis of a two minute delay on a user button press. In an alternate implementation the button is connected to the reset line of the processor. In other procedures the sending of an ON pulse may be delayed until after the battery voltage has been verified to be above the threshold. Following step  16204  step  16206  executes, in which the battery voltage is checked. If the battery voltage is above the threshold, step  16208  executes delaying for a short period of time, after which the loop repeats at step  16206 . If the battery voltage is below the threshold, step  16210  executes in which an OFF pulse is sent to the relay. Execution then proceeds to step  16212  in which the battery voltage is compared to the threshold. If the battery voltage is below the threshold, step  16214  is executed in which a switch is read. If the switch is not pressed, step  16216  executes a delay and a loop repeats at step  16212 . If in step  16212  the battery voltage is above the threshold or in step  16214  the switch is pressed, execution proceeds to step  16202  which sends an ON pulse, and the procedure repeats.  
         [0231]    While the present invention has been described and illustrated in conjunction with a number of specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the inventions as herein illustrated, described and claimed.  
         [0232]    The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from their spirit or characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects as only illustrative, and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.