Abstract:
A copy protection circuit to prevent illegal copy of a circuit configuration data when the user circuit data is read out and transferred from a storage device to a rewritable gate array (FPGA), includes a control circuit, a data generating circuit and a data switch circuit. The control circuit controls transfer of the circuit configuration data from the storage device to the FPGA, and the data generating circuit generates pseudo circuit configuration data. The data switch circuit transfers to the FPGA, the circuit configuration data read out from the storage circuit and the pseudo circuit configuration data outputted from the data generating circuit. The data switch circuit transfers to the FPGA the circuit configuration data which is less than a data amount that the FPGA needs, and then the pseudo circuit configuration data.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention  
       [0001]     The present invention relates to a circuit and method for protecting circuit data of a programmable gate array from being copied. 2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0002]     A gate array such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), in which a circuit configuration is rewritable by a user, is adopted to develop devices in a short period of time and mass-produce them. A circuit data used for the configuration is often stored in a storage device such as a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the FPGA is provided with SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) cells as a program device. It is necessary to copy the circuit configuration data from the ROM into the SRAM cells for programming the FPGA at every start-up such as power-on. This is because a data held in the SRAM cells is erased on power-off. For this reason, the circuit configuration data is copied from the ROM into the SRAM cells. In this case, because the ROM can easily be copied by using a ROM writer, the circuit configuration data is subject to unauthorized copying. Parts such as the FPGA and the ROM are easily commercially available. That is, a device formed by the FPGA can be developed in a short period of time but has a risk that the device developed with great resources may easily be copied.  
         [0003]     For this reason, various techniques are known for the copy protection of the device using the FPGA. A copy protection system for a programmable gate array is disclosed in Japanese Laid Open Patent Application (JP-P2003-84853 A), which is composed of a logic circuit (CPLD) and a programmable gate array circuit (FPGA). The logic circuit (CPLD) is programmed in a factory, and has an initial-state generator, a first sequence generator, and an encoding circuit. The programmable gate array circuit (FPGA) is programmed. The FPGA has a second sequence generator, a third sequence generator, a decoding circuit, and a sequence comparing circuit. The second sequence generator is a replica of the first sequence generator. In this system, an initial state is generated by the initial state generator of the CPLD. The CPLD initializes the first sequence generator to the initial state. Then, the CPLD encodes the initial state by the encoding circuit, and transmits the encoded initial state to the FPGA. The FPGA decodes the encoded initial state by the decoding circuit. The FPGA initializes the second sequence generator to the initial state. The FPGA generates a call sequence by using the third sequence generator, and transmits a call sequence to the first sequence generator and the second sequence generator. The first sequence generator generates a first response sequence based on the initial state and the call sequence. The first sequence generator transmits a first response sequence to the sequence comparing circuit. The second sequence generator generates a second response sequence based on the initial state and the call sequence, and transmits the second response sequence to the sequence comparing circuit. The sequence comparing circuit compares the first and second response sequences. The sequence comparing circuit permits an operation of an FPGA program when the first and second response sequences are identical to each other. In this way, the copy-protection system for the programmable gate array prevents the illegal copying.  
         [0004]     Also, a circuit data protecting method for a field programmable gate array provided with a volatile memory is disclosed in Japanese Laid Open Patent Application (JP-P2001-325153 A). In this method, a nonvolatile memory is provided outside the field programmable gate array, as a means to write the circuit data into the field programmable gate array. Encoded circuit data has been written in the nonvolatile memory. At the time of power-on, the circuit data is written from the nonvolatile memory into the volatile memory provided to the field programmable gate array. The field programmable gate array decodes the encoded circuit data and writes the circuit data to the volatile memory. Thus, the circuit data is protected.  
         [0005]     As described above, in these conventional examples, a copy of the circuit configuration data is prevented by using the ROM for storing the circuit configuration data for configuring the FPGA and giving a special function to the FPGA. For this reason, the conventional examples are not user-friendly. 
     
    
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]     In an aspect of the present invention, a copy protection circuit to prevent illegal copy of a circuit configuration data when the user circuit data is read out and transferred from a storage device to a rewritable gate array (FPGA), includes a control circuit, a data generating circuit and a data switch circuit. The control circuit controls transfer of the circuit configuration data from the storage device to the FPGA, and the data generating circuit generates pseudo circuit configuration data. The data switch circuit transfers to the FPGA, the circuit configuration data read out from the storage circuit and the pseudo circuit configuration data outputted from the data generating circuit. The data switch circuit transfers to the FPGA the circuit configuration data which is less than a data amount that the FPGA needs, and then the pseudo circuit configuration data.  
         [0007]     Here, the data generating circuit may generate the pseudo circuit configuration data based on a preset data, or may generate the pseudo circuit configuration data based on a data that has been stored in the storage circuit. Also, the pseudo circuit configuration data may contain at least a part of the circuit configuration data.  
         [0008]     Also, the storage device has stored the circuit configuration data which contains a first circuit configuration data and a second circuit configuration data. The switch circuit may transfer the first circuit configuration data read out from the storage device and then the pseudo circuit configuration data to the FPGA. The control circuit determines whether or not transfer of the second circuit configuration data to the FPGA is permitted, based on a confirmation signal outputted from a first circuit generated based on the first circuit configuration data set in the FPGA. then, the control circuit may control the switch circuit to transfer the second circuit configuration data read out from the storage circuit and then the pseudo circuit configuration data to the FPGA, based on the determination result. In this case, the copy protection circuit may further include a decoding circuit configured to decode the confirmation signal, the confirmation signal contains an encoded data; and a determining circuit configured to determine validity of the first circuit configuration data based on the decoded confirmation signal. The control circuit controls the switch to transfer the second circuit configuration data to the FPGA, when the determination result indicates validity.  
         [0009]     Also, the circuit configuration data may contain a third circuit configuration data between the first circuit configuration data and the second circuit configuration data. The circuit data generating circuit may generate the pseudo circuit configuration data based on the third circuit configuration data.  
         [0010]     Also, in another aspect of the present invention, a copy protection system includes a gate array (FPGA) that a circuit configuration is rewritable by a user; a storage device configured to store a plurality of circuit configuration data used to define the circuit configuration of the FPGA; and a copy protection circuit configured to transfer the plurality of circuit configuration data to the FPGA. The copy protection circuit includes a control circuit configured to control transfer of each of the plurality of circuit configuration data to the FPGA; and a data generating circuit configured to generate a pseudo circuit configuration data. The copy protection circuit determines whether to permit each of the plurality of circuit configuration data to be transferred to the FPGA, reads out each of the plurality of circuit configuration data from the storage device to transfer to the FPGA when the transfer is permit, and then transfers the pseudo circuit configuration data to the FPGA.  
         [0011]     Here, a first one of the plurality of circuit configuration data may have a code string. The copy protection circuit may receive the code string from the FPGA after transferring the first circuit configuration data and the pseudo circuit configuration data to the FPGA, may determine validity of the first circuit configuration data based on the received code string, and may read out a second one of the plurality of circuit configuration data to transfer to the FPGA, when the validity is confirmed.  
         [0012]     Also, the code string may be encoded and transmitted from the FPGA.  
         [0013]     Also, the storage device may include a semiconductor storage device, or a gate array programmed by a semiconductor vender.  
         [0014]     Also, in another aspect of the present invention, a method of preventing an illegal copy of a circuit configuration data for a gate array (FPGA) that a circuit configuration is rewritable by a user, is achieved by transferring a first one of a plurality of circuit configuration data stored in a storage device to the FPGA; by generating a pseudo circuit configuration data; by transferring the pseudo circuit configuration data to the FPGA after the circuit configuration data is transferred from the storage device to the FPGA; and by determining whether to transfer a second one of the plurality of circuit configuration data to the FPGA.  
         [0015]     Here, when the first circuit configuration data contains a code string, the determining step may be achieved by confirming validity of the first circuit configuration data based on the code string which is outputted from a first circuit set in the FPGA based on the first circuit configuration data; and by transferring the second circuit configuration data to the FPGA when the validity is confirmed.  
         [0016]     Also, the code string may be encoded and outputted from the first circuit.  
         [0017]     Also, the generating may be achieved by generating the pseudo circuit configuration data based on a preset data, or by generating the pseudo circuit configuration data containing at least a part of the plurality of circuit configuration data.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0018]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing a configuration of a FPGA programming system according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0019]      FIG. 2  is a diagram showing a circuit data stored in a ROM used in the embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0020]      FIGS. 3A and 3B  are diagrams showing a state that the circuit data is set in the FPGA in the embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0021]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart showing an operation when the FPGA is programmed;  
         [0022]      FIG. 5  is a flow chart showing an operation when the circuit data is read out from the ROM and transferred to the FPGA;  
         [0023]      FIG. 6  is a flow chart showing another operation when the circuit data is read out from the ROM and transferred to the FPGA; and  
         [0024]      FIG. 7  is a diagram showing a start-up key contained in a start-up key code string. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0025]     Hereinafter, a copy protecting system of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.  
         [0026]     In the present invention, a start-up control circuit data is firstly transferred from a storage device to an FPGA. After the start-up control circuit data is transferred to the FPGA, an additional data is generated in a gate array, and the additional data is transferred to the FPGA. Consequently, the data is written into an entire an SRAM storage area in the FPGA. A start-up control circuit of the FPGA is started up, and validity of a system is confirmed. Subsequently, a user circuit data is transferred from the storage device to the FPGA. After the user circuit data is transferred to the FPGA, another additional data is generated in the gate array and is then be transferred to the FPGA, and the data is written into the entire SRAM storage area in the FPGA. Thus, the validity of the system can be confirmed, and the additional data does not need to have been stored in the storage device.  
         [0027]     The copy protecting system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.  1  to  4 .  FIG. 1  shows a configuration of a system for programming a programmable gate array (FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array).  
         [0028]     The FPGA programming system has an FPGA  30  in which a circuit defined by a user is programmed; a ROM  20  as a storage device which stores a circuit data to be set in the FPGA  30 ; and a gate array (GA)  10  for reading the circuit data from the ROM  20  and writing the read circuit data into the FPGA  30 .  
         [0029]     The FPGA  30  is provided with SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) as a program device. The FPGA  30  holds the circuit data in the storage area of the SRAM, and achieves a circuit operation set based on the circuit data. The circuit data is written into the SRAM from outside at the time of power-on of the FPGA programming system and so on. Usually, unless the circuit data for a storage capacitance of the SRAM is written, a start-up of a circuit cannot be carried out. That is, it is necessary to write the circuit data for the storage capacitance of the SRAM into the SRAM.  
         [0030]     In the ROM  20 , the circuit data to be set in the FPGA  30  has been stored. The circuit data is also referred to as an FPGA program. As shown in  FIG. 2 , the ROM  20  stores a start-up control circuit data  21  and a user circuit data  25 . The start-up control circuit data  21  is a circuit configuration data for a start-up control circuit  31  that should be set to the FPGA  30  firstly after the power-on. The start-up control circuit  31  operates, and confirms the validity of the FPGA programming system. The start-up control circuit data  21  contains a start-up key code string  22 . On the other hand, the user circuit data  25  is a circuit configuration data for a circuit developed and designed by the user. Therefore, a data amount of the user circuit data  25  and functions thereof vary according to the user-designed circuit. Only valid circuit data of each of the start-up control circuit data  21  and the user circuit data  25  are stored in the ROM  20 . Therefore, the start-up control circuit data  21  or the user circuit data  25  alone cannot satisfy the storage capacitance of the SRAM in the FPGA  30 . Also, a boundary data  27  may be further stored between the start-up control circuit data  21  and the user circuit data  25 . The boundary data  27  is not necessarily required. Also, the boundary data  27  may not be a data for setting a valid circuit as the circuit data of the FPGA  30 .  
         [0031]     In this way, it becomes difficult to read and analyze the contents of the ROM  20  and extract only the user circuit data  25 , by providing the boundary data  27  between the start-up control circuit data  21  and the user circuit data  25 , or by continuously arranging the start-up control circuit data  21  and the user circuit data  25 .  
         [0032]     The gate array  10  is provided with a control circuit  12 , an address generating circuit  13 , a data generating circuit  14 , a data switching circuit  15 , a start-up key data  17 , a determining circuit  18 , and a decoding circuit  19 .  
         [0033]     The control circuit  12  controls each of the circuits incorporated into the gate array  10 , and controls transfer of the circuit data from the ROM  20  to the FPGA  30 . The address generating circuit  13  generates an address of the ROM  20  in response to an instruction from the control circuit  12 , and supplies the generated address ad to the ROM  20 . The data generating circuit  14  generates a pseudo circuit data in response to an instruction from the control circuit  12 , and supplies the generated pseudo circuit data to the data switching circuit  15 . The pseudo circuit data generated by the data generating circuit  14  may be a preset data, or may be generated based on the data read out from the ROM  20 . In response to an instruction of the control circuit  12 , the data switching circuit  15  selects a data to be outputted, from the data dr read out from the ROM  20  and the data outputted from the data generating circuit  14 , and outputs the selected data to the FPGA  30 . The start-up key data  17  holds a data of a start-up key for confirming the validity of the FPGA programming system, and is supplied to the determining circuit  18 . The decoding circuit  19  decodes the encoded start-up key code string outputted from the FPGA  30 , and supplies the decoded start-up key code string to the determining circuit  18 . The determining circuit  18  compares the start-up key data  17  and the decoded start-up key code string from the decoding circuit  19 , and checks whether the both are coincident with each other. The determining result is outputted to the control circuit  12 .  
         [0034]     Next, the start-up key code string used to confirm the validity of the FPGA programming system will be described.  FIG. 7  shows a configuration of the start-up key code string ky  50  transmitted to confirm the validity of the FPGA programming system. The start-up key code string ky  50  contains a start-up key  54  and a data length  56 . The start-up key  54  is a preset data, and is given fixedly for every designed circuit. The start-up key  54  is stored in the gate array  10  as the start-up key data  17 , and is used to confirm the validity of the FPGA programming system. The data length  56  shows a data amount of the user circuit data  25 .  
         [0035]     Of the start-up key code string  50 , the start-up key  54  is encoded at least. The encoding method may be a private-key encoding method or a public-key encoding method. In general, the load of a decoding process is lighter in the private-key encoding method and a circuit scale is smaller, compared with the public-key encoding method. It is better to use the public-key encoding method when protecting the start-up key more strictly.  
         [0036]     Also, the start-up key  54  and the data length  56  may be encoded and transmitted and the encoded data may be transmitted with an encoded data. In this case, it is possible to reduce a risk of data leakage during transmission, during which observation is possible from outside.  
         [0037]     In addition, the data length  56  can be determined when the user circuit data  25  is stored. Therefore, the data length  56  may be stored previously in the gate array  10  without being recorded in the ROM  20  as the start-up key code string  22 . In that case, the data length  56  is not transferred between the gate array  10  and the FPGA  30 . Therefore, the observation and the data leakage at the time of the transmission do not occur.  
         [0038]     Further, the start-up key code string  22  may also be incorporated in the start-up control circuit data  21  without being encoded. In that case, an encoding circuit is incorporated into the start-up control circuit  31 , and a start-up key code string  32  is encoded to be transferred to the gate array  10 . Owing to the encoding, the observation and the data leakage at the time of the transmission do not occur.  
         [0039]     Next, an operation of the FPGA programming system for the copy protection configured as mentioned above will be described below. First, the entire operation of the gate array  10  will be described, with reference to a flow chart shown in  FIG. 4 . Here, the operation will be described as the operation at the time of power-on of the FPGA programming system.  
         [0040]     However, a sequence described below may be carried out at any time when initialization of the FPGA programming system is necessary.  
         [0041]     The FPGA  30  generates a power-on detection signal if detecting the power-on, and notifies to an external unit that the reception of the circuit data is possible. Thus, the FPGA  30  enters a circuit data reception mode. On the other hand, after the power-on, the gate array  10  waits until receiving the power-on detection signal outputted from the FPGA  30  (step S 41 ).  
         [0042]     When the power-on detection signal is received and the FPGA  30  enters the circuit data reception mode (step S 41 -YES), the gate array  10  instructs the FPGA  30  to erase the circuit data set in the SRAM of the FPGA  30  (step S 42 ). This step is not necessary immediately after the power-on, if the contents of the SRAM of the FPGA  30  are all erased. However, this step is usually carried out at the time of initial setting and so on, besides the power-on. Additionally, this step is not necessary in case of the FPGA that automatically erases the circuit data stored in the SRAM when the circuit data reception mode is set.  
         [0043]     If the erasing of the circuit data in the SRAM of the FPGA  30  is completed, the gate array  10  reads the start-up control circuit data  21  from the ROM  20 , and transfers the read data to the FPGA  30  in order. Thus, the transferred data is written into the SRAM (step S 43 ). A procedure of this step is. described in detail later.  
         [0044]     The start-up control circuit data  21  is transferred to the SRAM of the FPGA  30 , and is set in the FPGA  30 , as shown in  FIG. 3A . Thus, the start-up control circuit  31  is configured and the start-up key code string  22  having been stored in the ROM  20  is set as the start-up key code string  32  as it is. Then, the FPGA  30  starts up the start-up control circuit  31  (step S 45 ).  
         [0045]     The start-up control circuit  31 , if started, transfers the start-up key code string  32  incorporated therein, to the gate array  10  as the start-up key code string ky. At this time, the start-up control circuit  31  outputs the start-up key code string  32  with no change. It is preferable that the start-up key code string  32  is encoded by the start-up control circuit  31 , when the start-up key code string  32  is transferred to the gate array  10 . If the start-up key code string  32  is encoded by the start-up control circuit  31 , a value different from the start-up key code string  22  stored in the ROM  20  is generated. Consequently, a higher secrecy can be obtained.  
         [0046]     The start-up key code string  32  is transferred from the start-up control circuit  31  to the gate array  10 , as the start-up key code string ky. The start-up key code string ky  50  contains the start-up key  54  and the data length  56 , as shown in  FIG. 7 . The data length  56  does not need to be transferred when the data length  56  is set previously in the gate array  10 .  
         [0047]     The gate array  10  receives the start-up key code string ky transferred from the start-up control circuit  31  (step S 47 ). The gate array  10  decodes the encoded start-up key code string ky by the decoding circuit  19 , and takes out the start-up key code string (step S 48 ). The decoded start-up key code string is compared with the start-up key data  17  by the determining circuit  18 , and the validity of the FPGA programming system is confirmed (step S 51 ).  
         [0048]     If the determining circuit  18  determines that the decoded start-up key code string is not valid (step S 51 -NG), the transfer of the user circuit data is not carried out and an FPGA start-up sequence is ended. That is, the user circuit data  25  is not transferred from the ROM  20  to the FPGA  30 . In other words, the user circuit data  25  for carrying out a desired operation cannot be set to the FPGA  30 . Additionally, the circuit data stored in the FPGA  30  may be erased.  
         [0049]     If the determining circuit  18  determines that the start-up key code string is valid (step S 51 -OK), the gate array  10  begins a transfer sequence of the user circuit data  25 . Since the circuit data of the start-up control circuit has been set in the SRAM of the FPGA  30 , the circuit data of the SRAM is firstly erased (step S 52 ).  
         [0050]     When the circuit data of the SRAM is erased, the gate array  10  transfers the user circuit data  25  of the ROM  20  to the FPGA  30  (step S 53 ). After the user circuit data  25  is all transferred to the FPGA  30 , a user circuit  35  is set to the FPGA  30  in place of the start-up control circuit  31 , as shown in  FIG. 3B . The gate array  10  starts a user circuit  35  based on the user circuit data set in the FPGA  30 , and the FPGA  30  carries out the circuit operation designed by the user.  
         [0051]     In this way, it is impossible to transfer the user circuit data  25  to the FPGA  30  without the gate array  10 . Therefore, it is impossible to achieve the system function, unless the gate array  10  is owned. Therefore, the copying of the circuit data can be prevented.  
         [0052]     The transfer operation of the start-up control circuit data and the user circuit data mentioned above will be described.  FIG. 5  is a flow chart showing the operation of the gate array  10  for reading the start-up control circuit data and the user circuit data from the ROM  20 , and transferring the read start-up control circuit data and user circuit data to the FPGA  30 .  
         [0053]     The control circuit  12  sets a start address of the ROM  20  in which the circuit data is stored, to the address generating circuit  13  (step S 61 ) . In case of the start-up control circuit data, it is preferable that the start address is closer to a head address of the ROM  20  than the user circuit data. The address ad of the ROM  20  is outputted from the address generating circuit  13 . The ROM  20  outputs data from the address location specified by the address ad. The gate array  10  receives the circuit data dr (step S 63 ).  
         [0054]     The data switching circuit  15  is controlled to select the data read from the ROM  20  by the control circuit  12 . The circuit data supplied to the gate array  10  is transferred to the FPGA  30  through the data switching circuit  15 . A transferred circuit data dt is stored in the SRAM of the FPGA  30  (step S 64 ).  
         [0055]     When the circuit data is transferred to the FPGA  30 , the address generating circuit  13  counts up the readout address, to instruct the ROM  20  to output the next data (step S 65 ).  
         [0056]     The steps S 63  to S 65  are repeated until the readout address exceeds a range of the circuit data (steps S 67 -NO) . Here, the end of a valid data is determined by detecting that the readout address is a last address of the circuit data. The determination of the end of the valid data may be carried out by entering a special data (pattern) to the circuit data and by detecting that special data. Also, the determination may be carried out by detecting that the transfer of the circuit data is completed so that the data is not outputted. Further, since the data amount of the circuit data is known previously based on the data length  56 , the determination may be carried out by counting the data amount by a counter and so on.  
         [0057]     When the readout address exceeds the range of the circuit data (step S 67 -YES), the control circuit  12  stops reading the circuit data from the ROM  20 , and sets the data switching circuit  15  to the side of the data generating circuit  14 .  
         [0058]     The data generating circuit  14  generates a meaningless data (such as a dummy data of all zeros and so on, which does not affect other circuits), and transfers the meaningless data to the FPGA  30  through the data switching circuit  15 . The FPGA  30  stores the meaningless data (dummy data) in the SRAM (step S 68 ). A data pattern may be set previously for the meaningless data (dummy data), or the data set in the ROM  20  may be used as the meaningless data (dummy data). Also, any circuit data stored in the ROM  20  may be used.  
         [0059]     Until the data for the storage capacitance of the SRAM of the FPGA  30  is transferred, the data generating circuit  14  generates the meaningless data (dummy data) and transfers the generated meaningless data (dummy data) to the FPGA  30  (step S 69 -NO).  
         [0060]     If the data is stored in the entire SRAM of the FPGA  30 , the configuration (writing) of the FPGA  30  is ended (step S 69 ). The termination of the circuit data transfer to the FPGA  30  is determined based on a count value of a data amount generated by the data generating circuit  14 , the count value of a transfer number by the data switching circuit  15 , or the like.  
         [0061]     In this way, the gate array  10  transfers the circuit data from the ROM  20  to the FPGA  30 . Although the address of the circuit data stored in the ROM  20  is different, the circuit data is transferred with the same procedure in both cases of the start-up control circuit and the user circuit data. Since the data generating circuit  14  generates the dummy data as padding data of the circuit data stored in the ROM  20 , the data stored in the ROM  20  may be only the circuit data valid for a circuit configuration, and the ROM capacitance can be reduced.  
         [0062]     Next, a modification of the transfer operation of the circuit data will be described with reference to  FIG. 6 .  FIG. 6  is a flow chart showing the operation of the gate array  10 , in which the address is outputted to the ROM  20  in the same way in the start-up control circuit data and the user circuit data, and the start-up control circuit data and the user circuit data are transferred from the ROM  20  to the FPGA  30 .  
         [0063]     The control circuit  12  sets the start address of the ROM  20  to the address generating circuit  13  (step S 71 ). In case of a single ROM, the start address of the ROM  20  is usually “ 0 ”. The same address is set as the start address of the ROM  20  in both cases of the start-up control circuit data and the user circuit data.  
         [0064]     The data read from the ROM  20  up to a position where the start-up control circuit data or the user circuit data is stored from the start address of the ROM  20 , is discarded. That is, the ROM  20  outputs the circuit data dr in response to the address outputted from the address generating circuit  13 . The gate array  10  reads the circuit data outputted from the ROM  20  (step S 73 ). The address generating circuit  13  counts up the address in response to the instruction of the control circuit  12  (step S 74 ). The control circuit  12  determines whether the address is the start address of the valid circuit data (step S 75 ). The gate array  10  repeats steps S 73  to S 75  until the start address of the valid circuit data is identified (step S 75 -NO).  
         [0065]     When the address outputted to the ROM  20  is identified as the address of the valid circuit data (step S 75 -YES), the circuit data is read out from the ROM  20  and transferred to the FPGA  30  by the gate array  10 . That is, the ROM  20  outputs the circuit data in response to the address outputted from the address generating circuit  13 . The outputted circuit data is transferred to the FPGA  30  through the data switching circuit  15 . Thus, the circuit data is stored in the SRAM (step S 77 ). At this time, the data switching circuit  15  is set to select the data read from the ROM  20  by the control circuit  12 . In order to read the next circuit data, the address generating circuit  13  counts up the address in response to the instruction of the control circuit  12  (step S 78 ). The gate array  10  repeats steps S 77  to S 79  until the address exceeds the range of the valid circuit data (step S 79 -NO).  
         [0066]     When the address exceeds the range of the valid circuit data (step S 79 -YES), the valid circuit data to be transferred to the FPGA  30  does not remain in the ROM  20 . Therefore, the gate array  10  transfers the meaningless data (which does not affect other circuits) to the FPGA  30  hereinafter such that the SRAM of the FPGA  30  is filled. On the other hand, the gate array  10  supplies the address to the ROM  20 , and operates to read the circuit data from the ROM  20 . That is, the control circuit  12  sets the data switching circuit  15  such that the data transferred to the FPGA  30  is selected from the data generating circuit  14 . The data generating circuit  14  generates the meaningless data (which does not affect other circuits), and transfers the generated meaningless data to the FPGA  30  through the data switching circuit  15 . The FPGA  30  stores the meaningless data (dummy data) in the SRAM (step S 83 ). On the other hand, if the address is supplied to the ROM  20  and the dummy data is transferred to the FPGA  30 , the address generating circuit  13  counts up the address in response to the instruction from the control circuit  12  (step S 84 ). The steps S 83  to S 85  are repeated until the data for the storage capacitance of the SRAM of the FPGA  30  is transferred (step S 85 -NO).  
         [0067]     If the data is stored in the entire SRAM area of the FPGA  30  (step S 85 -YES), a program (writing) of the FPGA  30  is ended. At this time, the address generating circuit  13  may continue to generate the address up to the final address of the ROM  20 .  
         [0068]     In this way, it is possible to transfer the circuit data without changing the address of the ROM  20  in the transfer of the start-up control circuit data and the user circuit data. Additionally, the dummy data to be transferred to the FPGA  30  is generated in the data generating circuit  14  in the above description. However, the circuit data read from the ROM  20  (the data read and discarded in the above description) may also be used. In that case, since the dummy data is the circuit data, mere observation from outside does not make it possible to distinguish the valid circuit data from an invalid circuit data. Also, when a personal computer and so on is used for a storage unit for storing the circuit data, it is preferable that the circuit data fro the start address to the end address is transferred to the gate array  10  since the circuit data is managed in a form of a file.  
         [0069]     Additionally, in the embodiment, the address generating circuit  13  is described to count up each time the data is received from the set address under the assumption that a storage device for storing the circuit data is the ROM. In case of a circuit or a device that outputs the circuit data in response to a trigger, the address generating circuit  13  may provide a signal as the trigger instead of the address.  
         [0070]     Also, it is possible to store the start-up control circuit data in an unused area other than the ROM area for storing the user circuit data and an area prepared only to write the meaningless data into the SRAM of the FPGA. In this case, it is not necessary to change the storage capacitance of the ROM even when the start-up control circuit data is needed. That is, costs of the ROM for storing the circuit data can be reduced.  
         [0071]     Also, even in a system using a generalized FPGA without providing a special function to the FPGA, and using a generalized ROM without providing a special function to the ROM, the unauthorized copying of the circuit data can be prevented.  
         [0072]     Also, according to the present invention, a storage capacitance of a storage device for storing a user circuit data can be reduced. Therefore, cost reduction is possible.