Abstract:
Disclosed herein are red phosphorescent compounds 
                                 
of the following one of Formulas 1 to 3
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
           
             wherein Formula 1 
           
         
       
     
                                 
R1 and R2 are independently a C 1 -C 4  alkyl group, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl groups and C 1 -C 4  alkoxy groups,
       wherein Formula 2       
 
                                 
R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from C 1 -C 4  alkyl groups and C 1 -C 4  alkoxy groups,
       wherein Formula 3       
 
                                 
R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl groups and C 1 -C 4  alkoxy groups, and
       wherein       
 
                                 
is selected from 2,4-pentanedione, 2,2,6,6,-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione, 1,3-propanedione, 1,3-butanedione, 3,5-heptanedione, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione and 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione.

Description:
This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2005-0105981 filed on Nov. 7, 2005, No. 10-2006-0037101 filed on Apr. 25, 2006 and No. 10-2006-0037102 filed on Apr. 25, 2006 which are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to red light-emitting phosphorescent compounds (hereinafter, referred to simply to as ‘red phosphorescent compounds’) and organic electroluminescent (EL) devices using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to red phosphorescent compounds, and organic electroluminescent devices comprising a laminate of an anode, a light-emitting layer and a cathode wherein one of the red phosphorescent compounds is used as a dopant of the light-emitting layer. 
     2. Discussion of the Related Art 
     With recent trends toward large-area displays, there has been increased demand for flat display devices that take up little space. In particular, technology of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices (also termed ‘organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)’) as flat display devices has been rapidly developed. A variety of prototypes of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices have been reported to date. 
     When charge carriers are injected into an organic film formed between an electron injecting electrode (cathode) and a hole injecting electrode (anode) of an organic electroluminescent device, electrons combine with holes to create electron-hole pairs, which then decay to emit light. Organic electroluminescent devices have advantages in that they can be fabricated on flexible transparent substrates (e.g., plastic substrates) and can be operated at a voltage (e.g., 10V or below) lower than voltages required to operate plasma display panels (PDPs) and inorganic electroluminescent devices. Other advantages of organic electroluminescent devices are relatively low power consumption and excellent color representation. Further, since organic electroluminescent (EL) devices can emit light of three colors (i.e., green, blue and red), they have been the focus of intense interest lately as next-generation display devices capable of producing images of various colors. A general method for fabricating organic EL devices will be briefly explained below. 
     (1) First, a transparent substrate is covered with an anode material. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is generally used as the anode material. 
     (2) A hole injecting layer (HIL) is formed to a thickness of 10 to 30 nm on the anode. Copper (II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) is mainly used as a material of the hole injecting layer. 
     (3) A hole transport layer (HTL) is introduced into the resulting structure. The hole transport layer is formed by depositing 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-biphenyl (NPB) to a thickness of about 30 to about 60 nm on the hole injecting layer. 
     (4) An organic light-emitting layer is formed on the hole transport layer. If necessary, a dopant may be added to a material for the organic light-emitting layer. For green light emission, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq 3 ) as a material for the organic light-emitting layer is deposited to a thickness of about 30 to about 60 nm on the hole transport layer, and N-methylquinacridone (MQD) is mainly used as the dopant. 
     (5) An electron transport layer (ETL) and an electron injecting layer (EIL) are sequentially formed on the organic light-emitting layer. Alternatively, an electron injecting/transport layer is formed on the organic light-emitting layer. In the case of green light emission, since Alg 3  has excellent electron-transport ability, the formation of the electron injecting/transport layer may be unnecessary. 
     (6) A cathode material is coated on the electron injecting layer, and finally a passivation film is covered thereon. 
     The type of the organic electroluminescent devices (i.e. blue, green and red light-emitting devices) will be determined depending on the kind of materials for the light-emitting layer. 
     In the light-emitting layer, holes injected from the anode are recombined with electrons injected from the cathode to form excitons. Singlet excitons and triplet excitons are involved in the fluorescence and phosphorescence processes, respectively. Fluorescent materials using triplet excitons, which are involved in the phosphorescence process, whose probability of formation is 75%, exhibit high luminescence efficiency, as compared to fluorescent materials using singlet excitons whose probability of formation is 25%. In particular, the luminescence efficiency of red phosphorescent materials is considerably high, compared to that of fluorescent materials. Accordingly, a number of studies associated with the use of red phosphorescent materials in organic electroluminescent devices are being made to enhance the luminescence efficiency of the organic electroluminescent devices. 
     Phosphorescent materials for use in organic EL devices must satisfy the requirements of high luminescence efficiency, high color purity and long luminescence lifetime. As shown in  FIG. 1 , as the color purity of an organic EL device using a red phosphorescent material becomes higher (i.e. as the x-values on CIE chromaticity coordinates increase), the spectral luminous efficacy of the organic EL device decreases, making it difficult to achieve high luminescence efficiency of the organic EL device. 
     Thus, there is a demand to develop a red phosphorescent compound that exhibit desirable chromaticity coordinate characteristics (CIE color purity X≧0.65), high luminescence efficiency, and long luminescence lifetime. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, the present invention is directed to red phosphorescent compounds and organic electroluminescent (EL) devices using the same that substantially obviate one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art. 
     An object of the present invention is to provide compounds of Formulas 1 to 3 that follow. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide organic electroluminescent (EL) devices with high color purity, high luminance and long lifetime which use one of the compounds as a dopant of a light-emitting layer. 
     Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings. 
     To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there is provided a red phosphorescent compound of Formula 1: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein 
                                
R1 and R2 are independently a C 1 -C 4  alkyl group; R3, R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl groups and C 1 -C 4  alkoxy groups; and
 
                                
is selected from 2,4-pentanedione
 
                                
2,2,6,6,-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione
 
                                
1,3-propanedione
 
                                
1,3-butanedione
 
                                
3,5-heptanedione
 
                                
1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione
 
                                
1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione
 
                                
and 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
                                
in Formula 1 is selected from the following compounds:
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of preferred compounds that can be represented by Formula 1 include the following compounds: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a red phosphorescent compound of Formula 2: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein 
                                
R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from C 1 -C 4  alkyl groups and C 1 -C 4  alkoxy groups; and
 
                                
is selected from 2,4-pentanedione, 2,2,6,6,-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione, 1,3-propanedione, 1,3-butanedione, 3,5-heptanedione, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione and 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione.
 
                                
in Formula 2 is selected from the following compounds:
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of preferred compounds that can be represented by Formula 2 include the following compounds: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a red phosphorescent compound of Formula 3: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     wherein 
                                
R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1 -C 4  alkyl groups and C 1 -C 4  alkoxy groups; and
 
                                
is selected from 2,4-pentanedione, 2,2,6,6,-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione, 1,3-propanedione, 1,3-butanedione, 3,5-heptanedione, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione and 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-hexanedione.
 
                                
in Formula 3 is selected from the following compounds:
 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     Examples of preferred compounds that can be represented by Formula 3 include the following compounds: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
     In yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescent (EL) device comprising an anode, a hole injecting layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer (ETL) and an electron injecting layer (EIL), and a cathode laminated in this order wherein one of the red phosphorescent compounds of Formulas 1 to 3 is used as a dopant of the light-emitting layer. 
     A host used in the organic light-emitting layer of the organic EL device according to the present invention may be selected from Al complexes, Zn complexes, and carbazole derivatives. The dopant may be preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the weight of the host. When the dopant is used within this range, the desired effects of the organic EL device can be achieved. The Al and Zn complexes may have at least one ligand selected from quinolyl, biphenyl, isoquinolyl, phenyl, naphthyl, methylquinolyl, dimethylquinolyl and dimethylisoquinolyl groups. The carbazole derivatives may be preferably 4,4′-N,N′ dicarbazole biphenyl (CBP). 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  shows a graph showing a phenomenon wherein the color purity of an organic EL device becomes higher (i.e. as the x-values on CIE chromaticity coordinates increase), the relative sensitivity of the organic EL device decreases; and 
         FIG. 2  shows the structural formulas of NPB, copper (II) phthalocyanine (CuPc), (btp) 2 Ir(acac), Alq 3 , BAlq and CBP used in Example Section according to the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention associated with red phosphorescent compounds and an organic electroluminescent (EL) device using one of the red phosphorescent compounds according to the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the annexed drawings. Hereinafter, methods for synthesizing the red phosphorescent compounds represented by Formulas 1 to 3 for use in the organic EL devices according to the present invention will be described. First, a method for synthesizing iridium (III) (2-(3-methylphenyl)-4,7-dimethylquinolinato-N,C 2′ ) (2,4-pentanedionate-O,O) (“A-2”), which is a red phosphorescent compound represented by Formula 1, for use in an organic electroluminescent device. 
     1. Synthesis of 1-(3-methylphenyl)-4,7-dimethylisoquinoline 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     N-(2-hydroxy-1-p-tolyl-propyl)-3-methylbezamide (2.1 mmol), phosphorus (V) oxide (10 mmol) and decahydronaphtalene (50 mmol) were put in a dried two-neck round-bottom flask. Then, the mixture was stirred at 120 for 5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane and water and distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography. The eluate was distilled under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from dichloromethane and petroleum ether, and filtered to yield 1-(3-methylphenyl)-4,7-dimethylisoquinoline. 
     2. Synthesis of Dichloro-Crosslinked Dimer Complex 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Iridium (III) chloride hydrate (1 mmol), the 1-(3-methylphenyl)-4,7-dimethylisoquinoline (2.5 mmol) and a mixed solvent (30 mL) of 2-ethoxyethanol and water (3:1) were put in a dried two-neck round-bottom flask. After the mixture was refluxed for 24 hours and water was added thereto to obtain a solid. The solid was filtered and washed with methanol and petroleum ether to yield the dichloro-crosslinked dimer complex. 
     3. Synthesis of Iridium (III) (1-(3-methylphenyl)-4,7-dimethylisoquinolinato-N,C 2′ )(2,4-pentanedionate-O,O) 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     The dichloro-crosslinked dimer complex (1 mmol), 2,4-pentanedione (3 mmol), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) (6 mmol) and 2-ethoxyethanol (30 mL) were put in a dried two-neck round-bottom flask. Then, the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and then distilled water was added thereto to obtain a solid. The solid was filtered and dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution was filtered through silica gel. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was washed with methanol and petroleum ether to yield to obtain the iridium (III) (1-(3-methylphenyl)-4,7-dimethylisoquinolinato-N,C 2′ )(2,4-pentanedionate-O,O). 
     Next, a method for synthesizing iridium (III) (2-(3′-methylphenyl)-4-methylisoquinolinato-N,C 2′ )(2,4-pentanedionate-O,O) (“C-2”), which is a red phosphorescent compound represented by Formula 2, for use in an organic electroluminescent device. 
     1. Synthesis of 1-(3-methylphenyl)-4-methylisoquinoline 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     3-Methylphenyl borate (1.3 mmol), 2-chloro-4-methylquinoline (1 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) (0.05 mmol) and potassium carbonate (3 mmol) were dissolved in THF (30 mL) and H 2 O (10 mL). The resulting solution was stirred in a bath at 100° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the solvents were removed. The reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane and water and distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography. The eluate was distilled under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from dichloromethane and petroleum ether, and filtered to yield 1-(3-methylphenyl)-4-methylisoquinoline as a solid. 
     2. Synthesis of Dichloro-Crosslinked Dimer Complex 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Iridium (III) chloride hydrate (1 mmol), the 1-(3-methylphenyl)-4-methylisoquinoline (2.5 mmol) and a mixed solvent (30 mL) of 2-ethoxyethanol and distilled water (3:1 (v/v) were put in a dried two-neck round-bottom flask. After the mixture was refluxed for 24 hours, water was added thereto to obtain a solid. The solid was filtered and washed with methanol and petroleum ether to yield the dichloro-crosslinked dimer complex. 
     3. Synthesis of Iridium (III) (2-(3′-methylphenyl)-4-methylisoquinolinato-N,C 2′ )(2,4-pentanedionate-O,O) 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     The dichloro-crosslinked dimer complex (1 mmol), 2,4-pentanedione (3 mmol), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) (6 mmol) and 2-ethoxyethanol (30 mL) were put in a dried two-neck round-bottom flask. Then, the mixture was refluxed for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and then distilled water was added thereto to obtain a solid. The solid was filtered and dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution was filtered through silica gel. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was washed with methanol and petroleum ether to yield iridium (III) (2-(3′-methylphenyl)-4-methylisoquinolinato-N,C 2′ )(2,4-pentanedionate-O,O). 
     Lastly, a method for synthesizing iridium (III) (2-(3-methylphenyl)-7-methylisoquinolinato-N,C 2′ )(2,4-pentanedionate-O,O) (“E-2”), which is a red phosphorescent compound represented by Formula 3, for use in an organic electroluminescent device. 
     1. Synthesis of 1-(3-methylphenyl)-7-methylisoquinoline 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Benzoic acid-(β-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenylamide) (2.1 mmol), phosphorus (V) oxide (10 mmol) and decahydronaphthalene (50 mmol) were put in a dried two-neck round-bottom flask. Then, the mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane and water. The extract was distilled under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography. The eluate was distilled under reduced pressure. The residue was recrystallized from dichloromethane and petroleum ether and filtered to yield 1-(3-methylphenyl)-7-methylisoquinoline as a solid. 
     2. Synthesis of Dichloro-Crosslinked Dimer Complex 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Iridium (III) chloride hydrate (1 mmol), 1-(3-methylphenyl)-7-methylisoquinoline (2.5 mmol) and a mixed solvent (30 mL) of 2-ethoxyethanol and distilled water (3:1) were put in a dried two-neck round-bottom flask. After the mixture was refluxed for 24 hours, water was added thereto to obtain a solid. The solid was filtered and washed with methanol and petroleum ether to yield the dichloro-crosslinked dimer complex. 
     3. Synthesis of Iridium (III) (1-(3-methylphenyl)-7-methylisoquinolinato-N,C 2′ )(2,4-pentanedionate-O,O) 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     The dichloro-crosslinked dimer complex (1 mmol), 2,4-pentanedione (3 mmol), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) (6 mmol) and 2-ethoxyethanol (30 mL) were put in a dried two-neck round-bottom flask. Then, the mixture was stirred for 24 hours. After the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, distilled water was added thereto to obtain a solid. The solid was filtered and dissolved in dichloromethane. The solution was filtered through silica gel. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure and the residue was washed with methanol and petroleum ether to yield (1-(3-methylphenyl)-7-methylisoquinolinato-N,C 2′ )(2,4-pentanedionate-O,O). 
     Hereinafter, a detailed description will be made of preferred examples of the present invention. The invention is not to be construed as being limited to the examples. 
     Examples A-1 to A-3 (Compounds of Formula 1) and Comparative Example A-1 
     Example A-1 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+A-1 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 801 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.6 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.649 and y=0.360. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 5,100 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example A-2 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+A-2 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 795 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.3 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.650 and y=0.361. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,800 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example A-3 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+A-7 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 783 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.1 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.651 and y=0.362. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 5,500 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example A-4 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. The patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber. Then, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+B-2 (7%) (200 Å), a hole blocking layer (100 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to manufacture an organic EL device. 
     When BAlq was used as a material for the hole blocking layer, the luminance of the organic EL device was 768 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.0 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.652, y=0.361. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,000 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example A-5 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. The patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber. Then, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+B-7 (7%) (200 Å), a hole blocking layer (100 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to manufacture an organic EL device. 
     When BAlq was used as a material for the hole blocking layer, the luminance of the organic EL device was 753 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.0 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.652 and y=0.362. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,000 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Comparative Example A-1 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. The patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber. Then, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+(btp) 2 Ir(acac) (7%) (200 Å), Alq 2  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to manufacture an EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 780 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 7.5 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.659 and y=0.329. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 2,500 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     The organic EL devices fabricated in Examples A-1 to A-5 and Comparative Example A-1 were evaluated for efficiency, CIE chromaticity coordinates, luminance and lifetime characteristics. The results are shown in Table 1. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Electric 
                   
                 Current 
                 Power 
                   
                   
                 Life time (h) 
               
               
                   
                 Voltage 
                 current 
                 Luminance 
                 efficiency 
                 efficiency 
                 CIE 
                 CIE 
                 (half the initial 
               
               
                 Device 
                 (V) 
                 (mA) 
                 (cd/m 2 ) 
                 (cd/A) 
                 (1 m/W) 
                 (X) 
                 (Y) 
                 luminance) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Ex. A-1 
                 6.6 
                 0.9 
                 801 
                 8.01 
                 3.81 
                 0.649 
                 0.360 
                 5,100 
               
               
                 Ex. A-2 
                 6.3 
                 0.9 
                 795 
                 7.95 
                 3.96 
                 0.650 
                 0.361 
                 4,800 
               
               
                 Ex. A-3 
                 6.1 
                 0.9 
                 783 
                 7.83 
                 4.03 
                 0.651 
                 0.362 
                 5,500 
               
               
                 Ex. A-4 
                 6.0 
                 0.9 
                 768 
                 7.68 
                 4.02 
                 0.652 
                 0.361 
                 4,000 
               
               
                 Ex. A-5 
                 6.0 
                 0.9 
                 753 
                 7.53 
                 3.94 
                 0.652 
                 0.362 
                 4,000 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                 7.5 
                 0.9 
                 780 
                 7.80 
                 3.27 
                 0.659 
                 0.329 
                 2,500 
               
               
                 Ex. A-1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Examples B-1 to B-5 (Compounds of Formula 2) and Comparative Example B-1 
     Example B-1 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+C-2 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 1,115 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.4 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.646 and y=0.356. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 5,000 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example B-2 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+C-5 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 1,032 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.2 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.647 and y=0.358. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,600 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example B-3 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+C-7 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 963 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 5.3 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.649 and y=0.359. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,100 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example B-4 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+D-2 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 932 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.3 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.647 and y=0.360. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 3,100 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example B-5 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+D-5 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 2  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 911 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.6 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.647 and y=0.358. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 3,150 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Comparative Example B-1 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+(btp) 2 Ir(acac) (7%) (200 Å), Alq 2  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to manufacture an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 780 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 7.5 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.659 and y=0.329. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 2,500 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     The organic EL devices fabricated in Examples B-1 to B-5 and Comparative Example B-1 were evaluated for efficiency, CIE chromaticity coordinates, luminance and lifetime characteristics. The results are shown in Table 2. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Electric 
                   
                 Current 
                 Power 
                   
                   
                 Life time (h) 
               
               
                   
                 Voltage 
                 current 
                 Luminance 
                 efficiency 
                 efficiency 
                 CIE 
                 CIE 
                 (half the initial 
               
               
                 Device 
                 (V) 
                 (mA) 
                 (cd/m 2 ) 
                 (cd/A) 
                 (1 m/W) 
                 (X) 
                 (Y) 
                 luminance) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Ex. B-1 
                 6.4 
                 0.9 
                 1,115 
                 11.15 
                 5.47 
                 0.646 
                 0.356 
                 5,000 
               
               
                 Ex. B-2 
                 6.2 
                 0.9 
                 1,032 
                 10.32 
                 5.23 
                 0.647 
                 0.351 
                 4,600 
               
               
                 Ex. B-3 
                 6.1 
                 0.9 
                 963 
                 9.63 
                 4.96 
                 0.649 
                 0.359 
                 4,100 
               
               
                 Ex. B-4 
                 6.3 
                 0.9 
                 932 
                 9.32 
                 4.65 
                 0.647 
                 0.360 
                 3,100 
               
               
                 Ex. B-5 
                 6.6 
                 0.9 
                 911 
                 9.11 
                 4.33 
                 0.647 
                 0.358 
                 3,150 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                 7.5 
                 0.9 
                 780 
                 7.80 
                 3.27 
                 0.659 
                 0.329 
                 2,500 
               
               
                 Ex. B-1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Examples C-1 to C-6 (Compounds of Formula 3) and Comparative Example C-1 
     Example C-1 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+E-1 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 801 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.6 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.649 and y=0.360. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 5,100 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example C-2 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+E-2 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 795 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.3 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.650 and y=0.361. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,800 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example C-3 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+E-7 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 783 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.1 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.651 and y=0.362. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 5,500 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example C-4 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+E-14 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 768 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.0 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.652 and y=0.361. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,000 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Example C-5 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+E-19 (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to fabricate an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 753 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 6.0 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.652 and y=0.362. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 4,000 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     Comparative Example C-1 
     An ITO-coated glass substrate was patterned to have a light-emitting area of 3 mm×3 mm, followed by cleaning. After the patterned substrate was disposed in a vacuum chamber, the standard pressure of the chamber was adjusted to 1×10 −6  torr. CuPc (200 Å), NPD (400 Å), BAlq+(btp) 2 Ir(acac) (7%) (200 Å), Alq 3  (300 Å), LiF (5 Å) and Al (1000 Å) were sequentially deposited on the ITO glass substrate to manufacture an organic EL device. 
     The luminance of the organic EL device was 780 cd/m 2  at an electric current of 0.9 mA and a voltage of 7.5 V. At this time, the CIE chromaticity coordinates were x=0.659 and y=0.329. The lifetime (defined as the time taken before the luminance of the organic EL device decreases to half its initial value) of the organic EL device was 2,500 hours at 2,000 cd/m 2 . 
     The organic EL devices fabricated in Examples C-1 to C-5 and Comparative Example C-1 were evaluated for efficiency, CIE chromaticity coordinates, luminance and lifetime characteristics. The results are shown in Table 3. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 Life time (h) 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Electric 
                   
                 Current 
                 Power 
                   
                   
                 (half the 
               
               
                   
                 Voltage 
                 current 
                 Luminance 
                 efficiency 
                 efficiency 
                 CIE 
                 CIE 
                 initial 
               
               
                 Device 
                 (V) 
                 (mA) 
                 (cd/m 2 ) 
                 (cd/A) 
                 (1 m/W) 
                 (X) 
                 (Y) 
                 luminance) 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Ex. C-1 
                 6.6 
                 0.9 
                 801 
                 8.01 
                 3.81 
                 0.649 
                 0.360 
                 5,100 
               
               
                 Ex. C-2 
                 6.3 
                 0.9 
                 795 
                 7.95 
                 3.96 
                 0.650 
                 0.351 
                 4,800 
               
               
                 Ex. C-3 
                 6.1 
                 0.9 
                 783 
                 7.83 
                 4.03 
                 0.651 
                 0.362 
                 5,500 
               
               
                 Ex. C-4 
                 6.0 
                 0.9 
                 768 
                 7.68 
                 4.02 
                 0.652 
                 0.361 
                 4,000 
               
               
                 Ex. C-5 
                 6.0 
                 0.9 
                 753 
                 7.53 
                 3.94 
                 0.652 
                 0.362 
                 4,000 
               
               
                 Comp. 
                 7.5 
                 0.9 
                 780 
                 7.80 
                 3.27 
                 0.659 
                 0.329 
                 2,500 
               
               
                 Ex. C-1 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the inventions. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.