Abstract:
A system for and method for providing pages, more specifically a system includes a server configured to receive a query and an engine that is able to retrieve a set of pages by first retrieving a partition that contains them.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application arises from provisional application No. 61/843,723 filed on Jul. 8, 2013 and claims the benefit thereof. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Traditional retrieval engines (such as Web Search Engines and Corporate Search Engines) employ an index, which contains a collection of documents (such as files, web pages, etc.) stored in such a way as to make the retrieval of documents efficient when a user query arrives. 
         [0003]    Traditional retrieval engines function as follows: the engine relieves a query, and retrieves some documents from the index that are considered relevant to the query (for example, those that match the keywords in the query). 
         [0004]    This requires that the index store a description of all the documents before the retrieval phase. For example, when issuing a query to a web search engine, the web search engine index contains a description (such as the URL and title) of all the web documents that can be retrieved. This provides very high efficiency (e.g. speedy of retrieval) but has the very high storage cost of having to store all the documents in the index prior to the retrieval. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    This invention is directed to system, methods and computer programs products for document storage and indexing. 
         [0006]    Typically, a search index will store an individual description of each document. In turn, this patent describes a way to store descriptions of sets of documents that have been merged together. 
         [0007]    This will allow a reduction in the required storage space of the index, because the individual documents do not have to be stored individually, but a group, or partition, is employed for multiple documents. 
         [0008]    The method to do so is to partition the space of documents to be retrieved and storing in the index descriptions of the partitions instead of storing descriptions of the individual documents. 
         [0009]    In one aspect, the method describes how to retrieve documents in response to a query, the engine needs to retrieve first the partition descriptions, then fetch all the documents in the retrieved partitions and filter then the pages not relevant to the query. 
         [0010]    In another aspect, a computing device for retrieving pages when indexed within partitions is disclosed in accordance with yet another aspect. The computing device comprises a query input module that receives a user query comprising keywords and a partition search engine that generates pages results responsive to a user query from a partition summary index. 
         [0011]    In another aspect, a computer-readable storage medium tangibly storing thereon computer program instructions capable of being executed by a computer processor is disclosed. The computer program instructions facilitate receiving, by a processor, a user query for a collection pages. The instructions facilitate the processor to identify at least one keyword comprised within the query. The instructions further cause the processor to access a partition summary index that indexes summaries of partitions grouping a set of pages. The processor retrieves quotes comprising the keyword and quotes that have the keyword as a respective attribute in the quote index as being relevant to the user query and transmits them to the user. 
         [0012]    These and other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0013]    The invention will be further understood from the following description with reference to the drawings in which: 
           [0014]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a page retrieval engine containing a partition retrieval engine, partition summary index, and a partition summary indexer; 
           [0015]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a partition retrieval engine returning page results as response from a query; it access a partition summary index and a page collection. 
           [0016]      FIG. 3  is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed by the server computer in order to provide pages in response to a user query. 
           [0017]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram of the partition summary indexer, which processes and indexes a page collection into the partition summary index. 
           [0018]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed by the partition summary indexer in order to compute page partition keys. 
           [0019]      FIG. 6  is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed by the partition summary indexer in order to compute and store partition summary indexes. 
           [0020]      FIG. 7  is a block diagram of some of the primary components of an exemplary operating environment for implementation of the methods and processes disclosed herein; 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
       [0021]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of an embodiment wherein a partition retrieval engine  103  receives a query  101 , and returns page results  102  by accessing the partition summary index  104  and the page collection. The partition summary index is constructed and updated by the partition summary indexer  105 , which accesses the page collection  106 . 
         [0022]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of an embodiment wherein a partition retrieval engine  103  receives a query  101 , and returns page results  102  by accessing the partition summary index  105 . In this embodiment a partition retriever  201  receives the query and accesses the partition summary index  105  to retrieve the partition results  202 , which is all the partition descriptions that match the query. The partition fetcher  203  receives the partition results and retrieves all the pages in the page collection corresponding to the partition results. The page filter  204  receives all the pages fetched and filters them to select the ones matching the query  101 . The pages that pass the page filter are returned as page results  102 . 
         [0023]      FIG. 3  shows a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the steps performed by a server computer in order to provide pages in response to a user query. The procedure commences at step  302  with the server receiving a query for pages. The query is analyzed to extract the keywords as shown at  303 . Based on the extracted keywords, the results relevant to the query are retrieved from the partition summary index  104  by the server as shown at step  304 . The partition summary index  104  can be a component stored in a computer readable medium either on the server or a disparate machine, which is communicatively coupled to the server receiving the user query. In one aspect, the results that can include documents, pages or combinations thereof can be retrieved based on matching the received keyword to the indexed terms or keywords stored in the partition summary index  104 . 
         [0024]    In accordance with further aspects, the partition summaries can either comprise the keywords in the query or they can have the keywords as one of the associated attributes or characteristics listed in the partition summaries index  104 . For example, in accordance with one aspect, the input received in the query can match one of the respective attributes e.g., ‘quote by’ or ‘topics’ or ‘keywords’ of different partition summaries and all the partition summaries associated with such matching attributes are retrieved as being relevant to the query. By the way of illustration and not limitation, the information obtained from the partition summary index  104  can include partition summaries representing web domains, or web sub-domains. 
         [0025]    Each partition summary obtained from the partition summary index  104  is further processed as follows. The partition fetcher  203  receives each partition summary in step  306  and fetches or accesses or downloads all the pages in the partition from the page collection  106 . For example, in accordance with one aspect, the partition summary represents one web domain and the fetcher downloads form the Internet all the pages in that web domain. 
         [0026]    All the pages obtained by the fetcher in step  306  are then filtered in step  308  to remove pages not relevant to the original query  101  received in step  302 . 
         [0027]    In the last step  310  all the pages that have passed the filter in step  308  are transmitted. 
         [0028]    We have described how the page retrieval engine of this invention return s pages as a result to a query. We will now describe how the partition summary index is updated. 
         [0029]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram of an embodiment wherein a partition summary indexer  105  accesses a page collection  106  and updates the partition summary index  103 . In this embodiment a partitioner  402  receives the pages in the collection, partitions them by assigning to each page a partition key, and then the partition summary generator computes partition summaries for each partition. The partition summaries computed in  406  are passed to the partition summary merger  408 . The partition summary merger  408  retrieves from the partition summary index  103  the existing partition summaries, merges them with the new partition summaries obtained from  406  and updates the partition summary index  103  with the merged summaries. 
         [0030]      FIG. 5  and  FIG. 6  show two flowcharts illustrating an embodiment of the steps performed by the partition summary indexer  105 . Starting in  FIG. 5 , the collection of pages is accessed in step  502 . The partitioner  402  computes a page partition key for each page at step  504 . Each page has a page identifier. Examples of page identifiers are file paths or unique resource locators. 
         [0031]    A page partition key uniquely identifies a partition with respect to any other partition. A partition key is computed from a page identifier and is the same for all the pages within the partition. A partition key can be computed by hashing the top-level domain of a page identifier. Alternatively a partition key can be computed by hashing the top-level domain of a page identifier. Alternatively a partition key can be computed by hashing the domain of a page identifier. Alternatively a partition key can be computed by hashing a prefix of the page identifier. Alternatively a partition key can be computed by any combination of the previously described methods. 
         [0032]    The pages are augmented with the obtained partition key in step  506 , and the augmented pages are added to an index queue in step  508 . 
         [0033]      FIG. 6  illustrates further steps that are performed by the partition summary generator  406  and partition summary merger  408 . In step  602  the indexer access the index queue and selects pages from the queue belonging to one partition. All the pages obtained in  602  are parsed in step  604  to construct a new partition summary in  606 . 
         [0034]    A partition summary is computed from a set of pages with the same partition key. The pages are first parsed in step  604 . A continuous stream of text can be initially separated into tokens that include words, phrases or even punctuation marks. The partition summary can be constructed by concatenating all the tokens in the set of pages with the same partition key. Alternatively a partition summary can be constructed by assigning a unique identifier to each token and recording the unique identifiers of the tokens obtained in the parsing stage  604 . In another embodiment all the repeated tokens can be eliminated and the tokens may be sorted alphabetically. In another embodiment tokens present in a dictionary (such as a stop-word list or a precompiled set of tokens that are not desired) can be eliminated prior to the construction of the summary. In another embodiment tokens with frequency higher or lower than a given threshold may be eliminated prior to the construction of the summary. In another embodiment all the tokens collected in step  604  can be hashed and the resulting hash key can be used as the partition summary. 
         [0035]    In order to merge the newly constructed summary with the summary existing in the index, in step  608  the partition summary merger  408  receives the partition summaries computed in step  606  (from now on referred as the “new partition summaries”) and retrieves from the partition summary index  410  the existing version of these partition summaries (from now on referred as the “old partition summaries”). Then, in step  610  the old and new partition summaries are merged and finally stored in step  612 . 
         [0036]    In one embodiment old and new partitions summaries can be merged by concatenating all the tokens in both partitions. In another embodiment old and new partitions can be merged by adding the frequencies of tokens in the new and old summaries. In another embodiment the old and new summaries can be weighted, multiplying by a constant factor the frequencies of the old summary and by another constant factor the frequencies of the new summary before merging the two by adding the weighted frequencies. The constant factors can depend on several properties of the partition and the pages in the partition. The constant factor can depend on the number of pages used to compute the old or the new partition summaries. The constant factor can depend on the age of the pages used to compute the old or the new partition summaries. The constant factor can depend on the time since the last update of the old partition summary. 
         [0037]    Application programs using the methods disclosed herein may be loaded and executed on a variety of computer systems comprising a variety of hardware components. An exemplary computer system and exemplary operating environment for practicing the methods disclosed herein is described below. 
         [0038]    Exemplary Operating Environment 
         [0039]      FIG. 7  illustrates an example of a suitable computing system environment  100  on which the methods disclosed herein may be implemented. The computing system environment  100  is only one example of a suitable computing environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the methods disclosed herein. Neither should the computing environment  100  be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated in the exemplary operating environment  100 . 
         [0040]    The methods disclosed herein are operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the methods disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like. 
         [0041]    The methods and processes disclosed herein may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The methods and processes disclosed herein may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices. 
         [0042]    With reference to  FIG. 7 , an exemplary system for implementing the methods and processes disclosed herein includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a computer  110 . Components of computer  110  may include, but are not limited to, a processing unit  120 , a system memory  130 , and a system bus  121  that couples various system components including, but not limited to, system memory  130  to processing unit  120 . System bus  121  may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus also known as Mezzanine bus. 
         [0043]    Computer  110  typically includes a variety of computer readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computer  110  and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium, which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by computer  110 . Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media as used herein. 
         [0044]    System memory  130  includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM)  131  and random access memory (RAM)  132 . A basic input/output system  133  (BIOS) containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer  110 , such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM  131 . RAM  132  typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit  120 . By way of example, and not limitation,  FIG. 7  illustrates operating system  134 , application programs  135 , other program modules  136 , and program data  137 . 
         [0045]    Computer  110  may also include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only,  FIG. 7  illustrates a hard disk drive  140  that reads from or writes to non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media, a magnetic disk drive  151  that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk  152 , and an optical disk drive  155  that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile optical disk  156  such as a CD ROM or other optical media. Other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media that can be used in the exemplary operating environment include, but are not limited to, magnetic tape cassettes, flash memory cards, digital versatile disks, digital video tape, solid state RAM, solid state ROM, and the like. Hard disk drive  141  is typically connected to system bus  121  through a non-removable memory interface such as interface  140 , and magnetic disk drive  151  and optical disk drive  155  are typically connected to system bus  121  by a removable memory interface, such as interface  150 . 
         [0046]    The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in  FIG. 7  provide storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for computer  110 . In  FIG. 7 , for example, hard disk drive  141  is illustrated as storing operating system  144 , application programs  145 , other program modules  146 , and program data  147 . Note that these components can either be the same as or different from operating system  134 , application programs  135 , other program modules  136 , and program data  137 . Operating system  144 , application programs  145 , other program modules  146 , and program data  147  are given different numbers here to illustrate that, at a minimum, they are different copies. 
         [0047]    A user may enter commands and information into computer  110  through input devices such as a keyboard  162  and pointing device  161 , commonly referred to as a mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to processing unit  120  through a user input interface  160  that is coupled to system bus  121 , but may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor  191  or other type of display device is also connected to system bus  121  via an interface, such as a video interface  190 . In addition to monitor  191 , computer  110  may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers  197  and printer  196 , which may be connected through an output peripheral interface  195 . 
         [0048]    Computer  110  may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer  180 . Remote computer  180  may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to computer  110 , although only a memory storage device  181  has been illustrated in  FIG. 7 . The logical connections depicted in  FIG. 7  include a local area network (LAN)  171  and a wide area network (WAN)  173 , but may also include other networks. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet. 
         [0049]    When used in a LAN networking environment, computer  110  is connected to LAN  171  through a network interface or adapter  170 . When used in a WAN networking environment, computer  110  typically includes a modem  172  or other means for establishing communications over WAN  173 , such as the Internet. Modem  172 , which may be internal or external, may be connected to system bus  121  via user input interface  160 , or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to computer  110 , or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation,  FIG. 7  illustrates remote application programs  185  as residing on memory device  181 . It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used. 
         [0050]    Methods and processes disclosed herein may be implemented using one or more application programs including, but not limited to, a server system software application (e.g., WINDOWS SERVER SYSTEM™ software application), a search ranking application, and an application for generating, maintaining and storing usage data of documents within a network space (e.g., WINDOWS® SHAREPOINT® Services application), any one of which could be one of numerous application programs designated as application programs  135 , application programs  145  and remote application programs  185  in exemplary system  100 . 
         [0051]    As mentioned above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosed methods of retrieving and storing descriptions of sets of documents that have been merged together may be implemented in other computer system configurations, including hand-held devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, networked personal computers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and the like. The disclosed methods of retrieving and storing descriptions of sets of documents that have been merged together may also be practiced in distributed computing environments, where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.