Abstract:
Disclosed is a media editing method that includes locally storing a first media object in a media composition, with a first digital source identifier being stored for the first media object. The method also includes receiving from a remote location a second media object including a second digital source identifier that corresponds to the first digital source identifier. The first and second media objects are then matched based on the digital source identifiers, and the second media object is inserted into the composition at a position that is based on this matching.

Description:
[0001]    This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 09/711,661, filed Nov. 13, 2000, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/631,323, filed Apr. 12, 1996, both of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    This invention relates to media editing systems, and more particularly to non-linear, computer-based motion picture editing systems.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    It is known to use non-linear, computer-based editing systems to edit motion picture media such as digitized video or film. Generally, motion picture media is first digitized and stored on the system as source media. The editor then uses the editing system, which can employ a timeline metaphor, to develop a composition made up of clips from the source media. These types of editing systems have greatly increased the efficiency of the editing process, and have allowed editors to concentrate on the creative rather than mechanical aspects of editing.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    In one general aspect, the invention features a media editing system that includes storage for a machine-readable composition made up of scenes separated by transitions. The system can identify to an effect generator a scene in the composition and receive a modified version back from the effect generator. It can also read machine-readable information associated with the modified version, and automatically reinsert the modified version into the machine-readable composition in synchronism with the position in the composition that the scene occupied, based on the machine-readable information.  
           [0005]    In preferred embodiments, the system can find a match between the modified version and the scene in the machine-readable composition, and it can receive the modified version from a network, such as a digital, packet-based, inter-city network. The system can also visually prompt the user before enabling automatic reinsertion, and the user can activate and deactivate this prompting. The system can receive, read, and reinsert a modified version into the machine-readable composition independent of user input, even while other portions of the editing system are responsive to user input. They system can also automatically pad the modified version if it does not fully overlap the scene in the machine-readable composition. The system further includes version management for associating the modified version with other alternate versions.  
           [0006]    According to another general aspect, the invention features a media editing system that includes storage for storing versions of a motion picture scene in a machine-readable composition. It can associate the versions of the scene with the scene and display to a user a list of identifiers of the versions in response to user command that references a portion of a timeline. The position of this portion of the timeline corresponds to the position of the scene in the composition. The system can also respond to a selection command from the user to select one of the versions to be a default version for the composition.  
           [0007]    In preferred embodiments, the system can display the list at a position that is adjacent the portion of the timeline that corresponds to the position of the scene in the timeline. The system can respond to actuation by the user, such as by a pointing device cursor, of an area whose position is associated with one of the identifiers in the list to select a version to be a default version for the composition.  
           [0008]    According to a further general aspect, the invention features a media editing method that includes displaying a timeline for a composition, electronically storing a representation of alternate versions of a motion picture scene for which the composition is displayed, and associating the representation of the versions of the scene with the scene. The method also includes displaying to a user a list of identifiers of the versions of the scene in response to user actuation, such as by a pointing device cursor, of a portion of the timeline corresponding to the scene for which the composition is displayed.  
           [0009]    Systems according to the invention can be advantageous in that they assist the user in tracking and organizing alternate versions of a scene. This benefit can be particularly important where multiple people are working on the same material, or where scenes are sent to remote locations for effect generation and rendering. By helping the user to track and manage versions of a scene, the user is freed up to focus more of his or her efforts on creative aspect of the editing task. By providing for reconciliation of modified scenes without any user prompting, the user may also experience fewer interruptions in his or her work. Furthermore, aspects of the invention provide for a meaningful interface, which clearly and conveniently conveys information to the user about the alternate scenes available for a particular scene on a particular track. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0010]    [0010]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a media editing system employing effect management according to one aspect of the invention;  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 2 is a view of the display of the media editing system of FIG. 2 showing its timeline and an alternate modified scene list for a scene presented in that timeline;  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 3 is a data model diagram for use by the system of FIG. 1 to store an illustrative composition presented on the timeline of FIG. 2; and  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating operation of the system of FIG. 1. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0014]    Referring to FIG. 1, an illustrative media editing system  10  can include a media editing processing system  12 , a display  14 , and a user input device or devices  16 . The user input devices may include a keyboard  20 , a pointing device such as a mouse  22 , and/or a special-purpose editing control (not shown). The display can be a cathode ray tube display (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD), or any other display device suitable for the media being edited.  
         [0015]    The composition editing processing system  12  includes a user interface module  24  responsive to the user input devices  16 . This user interface communicates with an editing and display interface  26 , which can in turn communicate with storage  30  and the display  14 . The user interface includes drivers to interpret signals from the user input devices and includes facilities to provide visible controls to the user in the form of menus, icons, and the like. The editing and display interface responds to user input obtained through the user interface to assemble source media elements stored in source media storage  34  into a composition in composition storage  32 . The editing of digitally stored media elements to form compositions which are to be displayed on a display is generally known, and will not be discussed further here.  
         [0016]    The media editing processing system  12  further includes an effect reconciliation module  36 , an effect generator interface  38 , one or more local effect generators  40 , and a network interface  42 , which are each also in communication with the user interface. The effect reconciliation module, effect generator interface, and local effect generator can each communicate with the storage  30 , and the network interface  42  is operatively connected to a network  46 . The network  46  can be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), or any other network over which media data can be effectively conveyed. The effect generator interface communicates with the effect reconciliation module, the local effect generator, and the network interface.  
         [0017]    Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the user interface  24  of the media editing system  10  provides various controls to be displayed on the display  14  by the editing and display interface  26 . These controls include an effect palate  52  including effect icons  51 , a title bar  54 , and a menu bar  56 . Also included are a media display window  50  and a timeline  58 . The timeline  58  can include a plurality of media tracks, such as a video track  62 , a left audio track  64 , and a right audio track  66 . A variety of other types of tracks such as a time code track  68 , an edge code track (not shown), or a subtitle track (not shown) can also be provided.  
         [0018]    The timeline represents a composition of a series of scenes  72 ,  74 ,  76  separated by transitions  73 ,  75 . Each of the scenes is represented as a rectangular area bearing a title of the scene, and the transitions are represented by the lines or other shapes that lie between the scenes. Track identifiers  70  are provided to the left of the timeline to identify the different tracks. In one example, the timeline includes a first scene  72  entitled “Man kicks tire,” which is separated from a second scene  74  by a first transition  73 . The second scene is entitled “Man falls down,” and is separated from the third scene  76  by a second transition  75 . The third scene is entitled “Buzzard w/cap.” 
         [0019]    The user interface  24  is configured to allow the user to expand the timeline entry for each scene in each track, although it is contemplated that systems could be constructed that only allow scenes in some of the tracks (e.g., only the video track) to be expanded. This expanded timeline area  60  is made up of one or more additional alternative scene entry areas  80 ,  82 ,  84 ,  86 , and  88 . When the video track of the third illustrative scene  76  is expanded it exhibits the names of five alternate scenes in an alternate scene display area  60 . The first alternate scene  80  is entitled “Buzzard w/cap 2:3 pulldown,” the second alternate scene  82  is entitled “Buzzard w/cap ME 16.00 fps,” and the third alternate scene  84  is entitled “Buzzard w/cap roto zero one.” The fourth alternate scene  86  is entitled “Buzzard w/cap cc tint blue,” and the fifth alternate scene  88  is entitled “Buzzard w/cap cc tint blue02”. As will be discussed in more detail below, each of these alternate scene designators represents a different version of the video track of the third scene  76 . The first alternate scene is a 2:3 pulldown version of the third scene, the second alternate scene is a 16 frame per second motion effect version of the third scene, the third alternate scene is a “rotoscoped” version of the third scene (i.e., a version that is combined with another scene), the fourth alternate scene  86  is a blue tint version of the third scene, and the fifth alternate scene is a different blue tint version of the third scene. Preferably, the effects for these modified scenes are rendered, if the system is not capable of rendering them in real time. The displayed track area of the third scene  76 , which has alternate scenes associated with it, has an alternate scene indicator  89  to indicate to the user that the alternate scenes exist. This indicator can be a downward-pointing triangle.  
         [0020]    Referring to FIGS.  1 - 3 , the media editing system  10  can store compositions using an object oriented data model  100 . This model includes a sequence object  101  for each track. Each sequence object is made up of an ordered series that can include source clip objects  102 ,  103 ,  105 ,  106 , group objects  104 , and/or transition objects (not shown). Each source clip object includes a length parameter  110 , a source identifier  112 , a source track identifier  114 , and a start time  116 . A clip object&#39;s source identifier and track identifier identify the source in the media storage  34  of the scene corresponding to that object. For example, it can identify a clip from digitized film footage stored in the media storage. The length and start time specify how much of the clip is to be used for the scene, and where the scene is to begin within the source clip.  
         [0021]    Where there are no alternate scenes, the first scene  72  can be represented by a first clip object  102 , and the second scene  74  can be represented by a second clip object  103 . No transition effect need be specified if the user only wants a simple cut between scenes. Where the third scene  76  has several alternatives, it can be represented by a group object  104 . This group object has a component identifier which identifies further clip objects  105 ,  106 . One of skill in the art would be able to devise somewhat different data structures for keeping track of alternative versions within a timeline. The widely used Open Media Framework Interchange format (OMFI), which is available from Avid Technology, Inc. of Tewksbury, Mass. can be used to store compositions that include alternate scenes. Version 2.0 of this standard is herein incorporated by reference.  
         [0022]    The media editing processing system  12  can include dedicated special purpose circuitry, and/or general purpose processing circuitry running special purpose software. It is also noted that the breakdown of elements can be different from that shown in FIG. 1 without altering the essential overall functioning of the system. In one embodiment, the editing system operates on a high performance, 4-processor work station such as the “Onyx” or “Indigo II Impact” workstations available from Silicon Graphics, Inc. of Mountain View, Calif. This workstation employs the well-known Unix operating system, which provides networking capabilities to the editing system.  
         [0023]    In operation, referring to FIGS.  1 - 4 , once the user has a timeline representing a composition displayed on the display, and he or she is ready to add effects to scenes in the composition (step  200 ), the user can select an effect (step  202 ). To select an effect, the user can drag one of the effect icons  51  from the effect palate  52  onto one track of one of the scenes  72 ,  74 ,  76  on the timeline  58 . Alternatively, the user can drag the scene for the track to the out box  55 , after which he or she will be prompted for an outgoing network address. Note that in one embodiment, the system can distinguish between selecting an effect in a manner that it will result in the creation of an alternative scene or selecting the effect in a manner that will result in replacement of the scene, by responding to different types of effect selection (e.g., shift or shift-option clicking).  
         [0024]    When the user selects an effect using the effect palate  52 , the effect generator interface  38  provides identifying information for the selected scene to one of the local effect generators  40  (step  204 ). The user can then use the local effect generator to generate the effect (step  206 ). Examples of effects include color corrections, masks, motion effects, frame painting, flips, flops, resizing, among others.  
         [0025]    When the user selects an effect via the out box  55 , scene identifying information, and optionally the source media for the scene, are provided via the network  46  to a remote effect generation location  44  by the network interface  42 . The effect is then generated at the remote location, which can be in the next room or in another city (step  206 ). The effect may be devised and rendered at the remote location by a skilled editor. When he or she is done generating the effect, he or she returns the resulting modified scene via the network to the network interface  42 . Note that remote effect generation may take time, and that the user may chose to continue to perform other editing tasks in the interim (branch  205 ).  
         [0026]    When the effect generator interface  38  receives the modified scene from either the local effect generator  40  or the network interface  42 , it checks for a match between the modified scene and the timeline (step  210 ). This may be done by comparing the source identifier  112 , the source track identifier  114 , and the start time  116  of the modified scene with similar identifying information for scenes in the timeline, and determining whether there is a scene in the timeline that matches the modified scene, at least to the extent that there is some overlap. If no match is discovered, the modified scene can remain in a holding bin, or in the in box  53 . If the match is only partial, the effect generator interface can automatically create a “padded” modified scene that fits within the slot for the third scene  76 , but includes some blank fill or fill from the unmodified scene.  
         [0027]    If the matching modified scene was obtained from a remote effect generator  44 , (“no” branch of step  211 ) and the media composing system is not in autoload mode (“no” branch of step  212 ), the media editing system  10  prompts the user about whether he or she would like to reconcile the modified scene into the timeline (step  214 ). If the modified scene is from a local effect generator or autoload mode is on (“yes” branches of steps  211  or  212 ), reconciliation (step  216 ) begins without user prompting. If the user declines to reconcile modified scene, it can remain as an icon in the in box  53 . Note that both the in box and the out box  55  can be displayed in a list format, similar to the one used for the effects palate, and in this format the boxes can list incoming and outgoing scenes and information about them.  
         [0028]    To reconcile a modified scene, the effect reconciliation module  36  automatically adds a new modified source clip object (e.g.,  106 ) to the linked list of source clip components belonging to the media group object  104  in the data structure for the track that includes the unmodified scene. The effect reconciliation module  36  includes version management facilities that update the data structure to include the new modified source clip object automatically, without user intervention. Note that the auto-relinking performed by the effect reconciliation module can take place while the user is performing other editing tasks. This feature is particularly useful with remotely generated effects, and it can be implemented by running a separate task for the effect reconciliation.  
         [0029]    Once the modified scene has been reconciled into the timeline (step  216 ), the user can look at the alternate scenes (steps  218 ,  220 ), or he or she can select another effect or perform other editing functions (branch  217 ). If the user chooses to browse, through the alternative scenes, he or she can click on the desired track of the scene (or double-click, or otherwise actuate the desired track, its alternate indicator triangle, or another area associated with the track for that scene) (step  218 ). In response, the user interface presents him or her with the alternative scene display area  60  (step  220 ), which presents the user with a listing of alternate treatments of the scene (a “treatment collection”). This area can remain open only so long as the button of the mouse  22  is held down (a “drag” operation), or it can stay open until a second click of the mouse (a “toggle” operation), although other behaviors are also possible. With the area open, the user can use the mouse or otherwise select one of the alternative scenes  80 ,  82 ,  84 ,  86 ,  88  to be used as the default scene in the timeline. The selected default scene is indicated by a default icon  90 . Once a default scene has been selected, the default scene will be presented when the composition represented by the timeline is played, stepped through, or otherwise viewed, or when an edit decision list (EDL) is generated. Normally, the most recently added version of a scene becomes the default version, but the user can manually select an earlier one.  
         [0030]    The automatic management of scene versions and intuitive interface can significantly enhance productivity, particularly in large projects or projects involving significant numbers of effects. An editor can work on a large composition that includes many scenes that will each require different effects, while effects specialists work on the effects themselves. The effects specialists can then add modified versions of the scene to the editor&#39;s timeline, without requiring him or her to track which scenes have been updated, and even without any interruption in the editor&#39;s work. And if the scenes are sent over a network, the editor can chose particularly well-suited effects specialists for the different scenes from a variety of remote locations. If a scene requires a succession of sophisticated effects, the editor can begin working with the base scene (e.g., a stop-frame animated model), then work with intermediate versions (e.g., a wire frame outline based on the model), and finish with a final version (e.g., ray-traced computer graphics based on the wire frame outline). In working on the project, the editor has the sense that the project is moving along, but is not caught up in the tedium of manually tracking the various effects.  
         [0031]    The present invention has now been described in connection with a number of specific embodiments thereof. However, numerous modifications which are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention should now be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is intended that the scope of the present invention be limited only by the scope of the claims appended hereto.