Abstract:
A single subscriber line multi-point communication system is disclosed. In general, the multi-point communication system can include a first transceiver coupled to a subscriber line capable of transmitting and receiving at least two modulation methods, either of said modulation methods being operable to transmit a test signal, and a second transceiver coupled to said subscriber line capable of transmitting and receiving said at least two modulation methods, the second transceiver being operable to receive the test signal and determine at least one channel parameter from the test signal. A master transceiver that can be used in various embodiments of a single subscriber line multi-point communication system, and a tributary transceiver are further disclosed.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This document is a continuation-in-part and claims priority to and the benefit of the filing date of and commonly assigned U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 09/205,205, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF COMMUNICATION VIA EMBEDDED MODULATION,” filed Dec. 4, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,614,838, which claims priority to and the benefit of copending and commonly assigned Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/067,562, entitled “EMBEDDED MODULATIONS,” filed Dec. 5, 1997, and are hereby incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates generally to the fields of data communications and modulator/demodulators (modems), and, more particularly, to a data communications system in which a plurality of modulation methods are used to facilitate communication among a plurality of modem types. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In existing data communications systems, a transmitter and receiver modem pair can successfully communicate only when the modems are compatible at the physical layer. That is, the modems must use compatible modulation methods. This requirement is generally true regardless of the network topology. For example, point-to-point, dial-up modems operate in either the industry standard V.34 mode or the industry standard V.22 mode. Similarly, in a multipoint architecture, all modems operate, for example, in the industry standard V.27 bis mode. While the modems may be capable of using several different modulation methods, a single common modulation is negotiated at the beginning of a data session to be used throughout the duration of the session. Should it become necessary to change modulation methods, the existing data session is torn down, and a new session is negotiated using the new modulation method. Clearly, tearing down an existing data session causes a significant disruption in communication between the two modems. 
     As discussed in the foregoing, communication between modems is generally unsuccessful unless a common modulation method is used. In a point-to-point network architecture, if a modem attempts to establish a communication session with an incompatible modem, one or both of the modems will make several attempts to establish the communication link until giving up after a timeout period has expired or the maximum number of retry attempts has been reached. Essentially, communication on the link is impossible without replacing one of the modems such that the resulting modem pair uses a common modulation method. 
     In a multipoint architecture, a single central, or “master,” modem communicates with two or more tributary or “trib” modems using a single modulation method. If one or more of the trib modems are not compatible with the modulation method used by the master, those tribs will be unable to receive communications from the master. Moreover, repeated attempts by the master to communicate with the incompatible trib(s) will disturb communications with compatible trib(s) due to time wasted in making the futile communication attempts. 
     Thus, communication systems comprised of both high performance and low or moderate performance applications can be very cost inefficient to construct. For example, some applications (e.g., internet access) require high performance modulation, such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), carrier amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation, or discrete multitone (DMT) modulation, while other applications (e.g., power monitoring and control) require only modest data rates and therefore a low performance modulation method. All users in the system will generally have to be equipped with a high performance modem to ensure modulation compatibility. These state of the art modems are then run at their lowest data rates for those applications that require relatively low data throughput performance. The replacement of inexpensive modems with much more expensive state of the art devices due to modulation compatibility imposes a substantial cost that is unnecessary in terms of the service and performance to be delivered to the end user. 
     Accordingly, what is sought, and what is not believed to be provided by the prior art, is a system and method of communication in which multiple modulation methods are used to facilitate communication among a plurality of modems in a network, which have heretofore been incompatible. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is generally directed to a system and method of communication between a master transceiver and a plurality of tributary transceivers in a multipoint communication system in which the tributary transceivers use different types of modulation methods. Broadly stated, the communication system includes a master transceiver in communication with a first tributary transceiver and a second tributary transceiver over a communication medium. The first tributary transceiver uses a primary modulation method for communication while the second tributary transceiver uses a secondary or embedded modulation method for communication. The master transceiver and tributary transceivers each include a processor, memory, and control logic for controlling their operation. While the primary modulation method is normally used for transmissions on the communication medium, the master transceiver can communicate with the second tributary transceiver by notifying the first tributary transceiver that the primary modulation method is being temporarily replaced by the secondary or embedded modulation method. The master transceiver can then exchange information with the second tributary transceiver while the first tributary transceiver ignores any secondary modulation transmissions. In the meantime, the first tributary transceiver conditions itself to look for a trailing sequence from the master transceiver indicating that communication with the second tributary transceiver is complete. When the master transceiver transmits the trailing sequence using the primary modulation method, the first tributary transceiver conditions itself to look for primary modulation transmissions while the second tributary transceiver conditions itself to ignore primary modulation transmissions. 
     The present invention has many advantages, a few of which are delineated hereafter as merely examples. 
     One advantage of the present invention is that it provides to the use of a plurality of modem modulation methods on the same communication medium. 
     Another advantage of the present invention is that a master transceiver can communicate seamlessly with tributary transceivers or modems using incompatible modulation methods. 
     Another advantage of the present invention is that a master and tributary transceiver can calculate a channel parameter using a,test signal sent using embedded modulation. 
     Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional features and advantages be included herein within the scope of the present invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components and representations in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present invention. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views. 
         FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a prior art multipoint communication system including a master transceiver and a plurality of tributary transceivers; 
         FIG. 2  is a ladder diagram illustrating the operation of the multipoint communication system of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a master transceiver and tributary transceiver for use in the multipoint communication system of  FIG. 1  in accordance with the principles of the present invention; 
         FIG. 4  is a block diagram of a multipoint communication system including the master transceiver and a plurality of tributary transceivers of the type illustrated in  FIG. 3 ; 
         FIG. 5  is a ladder diagram illustrating the operation of the multipoint communication system of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a state diagram for a tributary transceiver of  FIGS. 3-5  using a secondary modulation method in accordance with the principles of the present invention; 
         FIG. 7  is a state diagram for a tributary transceiver of  FIGS. 3-5  using a primary modulation method in accordance with the principles of the present invention; and 
         FIG. 8  is a ladder diagram illustrating the operation of an alternative embodiment of the multipoint communication system of  FIG. 4 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, a specific embodiment thereof is shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. 
     With reference to  FIG. 1 , a prior art multipoint communication system  22  is shown to comprise a master modem or transceiver  24 , which communicates with a plurality of tributary modems (tribs) or transceivers  26 - 26  over communication medium  28 . Note that all tribs  26 - 26  are identical in that they share a common modulation method with the master transceiver  24 . Thus, before any communication can begin in multipoint system  22 , the master transceiver and the tribs  26 - 26  must agree on a common modulation method. If a common modulation method is found, the master transceiver  24  and a single trib  26  will then exchange sequences of signals that are particular subsets of all signals that can be communicated via the agreed upon common modulation method. These sequences are commonly referred to as training signals and can be used for the following purposes: 1) to confirm that the common modulation method is available, 2) to establish received signal level compensation, 3) to establish time recovery and/or carrier recovery, 4) to permit channel equalization and/or echo cancellation, 5) to exchange parameters for optimizing performance and/or to select optional features, and 6) to confirm agreement with regard to the foregoing purposes prior to entering into data communication mode between the users. In a multipoint system, the address of the trib with which the master is establishing communication is also transmitted during the training interval. At the end of a data session a communicating pair of modems will typically exchange a sequence of signals known as trailing signals for the purpose of reliably stopping the session and confirming that the session has been stopped. In a multipoint system, failure to detect the end of a session will delay or disrupt a subsequent session. 
     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , an exemplary multipoint communication session is illustrated through use of a ladder diagram. This system uses polled multipoint communication protocol. That is, a master controls the initiation of its own transmission to the tribs and permits transmission from a trib only when that trib has been selected. At the beginning of the session, the master transceiver  24  establishes a common modulation as indicated by sequence  32  that is used by both the master  24  and the tribs  26   a,    26   b  for communication. Once the modulation scheme is established among the modems in the multipoint system, The the master transceiver  24  transmits a training sequence  34  that includes the address of the trib that the master seeks to communicate with. In this case, the training sequence  34  includes the address of trib  26   a.  As a result, trib  26   b  ignores training sequence  34 . After completion of the training sequence  34 , master transceiver  24  transmits data  36  to trib  26   a  followed by trailing sequence  38 , which signifies the end of the communication session. Note that trib  26   b  ignores data  36  and trailing sequence  38  as it was not requested for communication during training sequence  34 . 
     At the end of trailing sequence  38 , trib  26   a  transmits training sequence  42  to initiate a communication session with master transceiver  24 . Because master transceiver  24  selected trib  26   a  for communication as part of training sequence  34 , trib  26   a  is the only modem that will return a transmission. Thus, trib  26   a  transmits data  44  destined for master transceiver  24  followed by trailing sequence  46  to terminate the communication session. 
     The foregoing procedure is repeated except master transceiver identifies trib  26   b  in training sequence  48 . In this case, trib  26   a  ignores the training sequence  48  and the subsequent transmission of data  52  and trailing sequence  54  because it does not recognize its address in training sequence  48 . Master transceiver  24  transmits data  52  to trib  26   b  followed by trailing sequence  54  to terminate the communication session. To send information back to master transceiver  24 , trib  26   b  transmits training sequence  56  to establish a communication session. Master transceiver  24  is conditioned to expect data only from trib  26   b  because trib  26   b  was selected as part of training sequence  48 . Trib  26   b  transmits data  58  to master transceiver  24  terminated by trailing sequence  62 . 
     The foregoing discussion is based on a two-wire, half-duplex multipoint system. Nevertheless, it should be understood that the concept is equally applicable to four-wire systems. 
     Consider the circumstance in which master transceiver  24  and trib  26   b  share a common modulation type A while trib  26   a  uses a second modulation type B. When master transceiver attempts to establish A as a common modulation during sequence  32 , trib  26   a  will not be able to understand that communication. Moreover, trib  26   a  will not recognize its own address during training interval  34  and will therefore ignore data  36  and trailing sequence  38 . Master transceiver  24  may time out waiting for a response from trib  26   a  because trib  26   a  will never transmit training sequence  42 , data  44 , and trailing sequence  46  due to the failure of trib  26   a  to recognize the communication request (training sequence  34 ) from master transceiver  24 . Thus, if the tribs in a multipoint communication system use a plurality of modulation methods, the overall communication efficiency will be disrupted as specific tribs will be unable to decipher certain transmissions from the master transceiver and any unilateral transmission by a trib that has not been addressed by the master transceiver will violate the multipoint protocol. 
     As discussed hereinbefore, however, it is desirable to design a multipoint communication system comprising tribs that use a plurality of modulation methods. For example, one moderately priced trib may be used to communicate at a relatively high data rate for some applications, such as Internet access, while another, lower priced, trib is used to communicate at a lower data rate for other applications, such as power monitoring and control. The needs of these different applications cannot be efficiently met by a single modulation. While it is possible to use high performance tribs running state of the art modulation methods such as QAM, CAP, or DMT to implement both the high and low data rate applications, significant cost savings can be achieved if lower cost tribs using low performance modulation methods are used to implement the lower data rate applications. 
     A block diagram of a master transceiver  64  in communication with a trib  66  in accordance with the principles of the present invention is shown in  FIG. 3 . Master transceiver  64  comprises a central processing unit (CPU)  68  in communication with modulator  72 , demodulator  74 , and memory  76 . Memory  76  holds software control program  78  and any data necessary for the operation of master transceiver  64 . Control program  78  includes logic for implementing a plurality of modulation methods. For purposes of illustration, control program  78  can implement both a type A and a type B modulation through modulator  72  and demodulator  74 . 
     Trib  66  comprises CPU  82  in communication with modulator  84 , demodulator  86 , and memory  88 . Memory  88 , likewise holds software control program  92  and any data necessary for the operation of trib  66 . Control programs  78  and  92 , are executed by CPUs  68  and  82  and provide the control logic for the processes to be discussed herein. Control program  92  includes logic for implementing a particular modulation method, which, for purposes of illustration, is called type X. Inasmuch as master transceiver  64  is capable of running either a type A or a type B modulation method, type X refers to one of those two modulation methods. The master transceiver  64  communicates with trib  66  over communication medium  94 . 
     Referring now to  FIG. 4 , a multipoint communication system  100  is shown comprising a master transceiver  64  along with a plurality of tribs  66 - 66 . In this example, two tribs  66   a - 66   a  run a type A modulation method while one trib  66   b  runs a type B modulation method. The present invention permits a secondary or embedded modulation method (e.g., type B) to replace the standard modulation method (e.g., type A) after an initial training sequence. This allows the master transceiver  64  to communicate seamlessly with tribs of varying types. 
     The operation of multipoint communication system  100  will be described hereafter with reference to the ladder diagram of  FIG. 5  and the state diagrams of  FIGS. 6 and 7 . A communication session between the master transceiver  64  and a type B trib  66   b  will be discussed first. A state diagram for a type B trib  66   b  is shown in  FIG. 6 . Type B trib  66   b  is initialized in state  102  in which type A modulation transmissions are ignored. In the present example, the primary modulation method is type A, thus, as shown in  FIG. 5 , master transceiver  64  establishes type A as the primary modulation in sequence  104 . Note that because trib  66   b  responds only to type B modulation transmissions, only the type A tribs  66   a - 66   a  are receptive to transmission sequence  104 . 
     To switch from type A modulation to type B modulation, master transceiver  64  transmits a training sequence  106  to type A tribs  66   a  in which these tribs are notified of an impending change to type B modulation. The switch to type B modulation could be limited according to a specific time interval or for the communication of a particular quantity of data. After notifying the type A tribs  66   a  of the change to type B modulation, master transceiver  64 , using type B modulation, transmits data along with an address in sequence  108 , which is destined for a particular type B trib  66   b . The type B trib  66   b  targeted by the master transceiver  64  will transition to state  112  as shown in  FIG. 6  upon detecting its own address where it processes the data transmitted in sequence  108 . 
     After completing transmission sequence  108 , master transceiver  64  transmits a trailing sequence  114  using type A modulation thus notifying all type A tribs  66   a  that type B modulation transmission is complete. If master transceiver  64  has not transmitted a poll request to the type B trib  66   b  in sequence  108 , then the type B trib  66   b  that was in communication with the master transceiver  64  will return to state  102  after timing out based on the particular time interval defined for the type B modulation transmission or transfer of the particular quantity of data. Note that the trailing sequence  114  is ineffective in establishing the termination of a communication session between master transceiver  64  and a type B trib  66   b  because the trailing sequence is transmitted using type A modulation. 
     If, however, master transceiver  64  transmitted a poll request in sequence  108 , then the type B trib  66   b  transitions to state  116  where it will transmit data, using type B modulation, to master transceiver  64  in sequence  118 . After completion of this transmission, the type B trib  66   b  returns to state  102  where type A transmissions are ignored. 
     With reference to  FIG. 5  and  FIG. 7 , a communication session between the master transceiver  64  and a type A trib  66   a  will now be discussed. A state diagram for a type A trib  66   a  is shown in  FIG. 7 . A type A trib  66   a  is initialized in state  122  in which it awaits a type A modulation training sequence. If, however, master transceiver transmits a training sequence in which the type A tribs  66   a - 66   a  are notified of a change to type B modulation as indicated by sequence  106 , then a transition is made to state  124  where all type B transmissions are ignored until a type A modulation trailing sequence (e.g., sequence  114 ) is detected. Upon detecting the type A trailing sequence, a type A trib  66   a  returns to state  122  where it awaits a training sequence. 
     To initiate a communication session with a type A trib  66   a , master transceiver  64  transmits a training sequence  126  in which an address of a particular type A trib  66   a  is identified. The identified type A trib  66   a  recognizes its own address and transitions to state  128  to receive data from master transceiver  64  as part of sequence  132 . 
     After completing transmission sequence  132 , master transceiver  64  transmits a trailing sequence  134  using type A modulation signifying the end of the current communication session. If master transceiver  64  has not transmitted a poll request to the type A trib  66   a  in sequence  132 , then the type A trib  66   a  that was in communication with the master transceiver  64  will return to state  122  after receiving trailing sequence  134 . 
     If, however, master transceiver  64  transmitted a poll request in sequence  132 , then the type A trib  66   a  transitions to state  136  after receiving trailing sequence  134  where it will transmit training sequence  138 , followed by data sequence  142 , and terminated by trailing sequence  144  all using type A modulation. After completion of these transmissions, the type A trib  66   a  returns to state  122  to await the next type A modulation training sequence by master transceiver  64 . 
     In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, embedded modulations can be used as a way to measure transmission line characteristics between a master transceiver and tributary transceiver, as shown in  FIG. 8 . In this embodiment, both a master transceiver  64  and a tributary transceiver  66   a  would have the ability to transmit using at least two modulation methods, type A and type B. In the present example, the primary transmission type is type A. Thus, as shown in  FIG. 8 , the master transceiver  64  establishes type A as the primary modulation in sequence  150 . 
     To switch from type A to type B modulation, master transceiver  64  transmits a notification sequence  152  to the tributary  66   a . Thus, the tributary  66   a  is notified of an impending change to modulation type B. The switch to type B modulation could be limited according to a specific time interval or for the communication of a particular quantity of data, such as a test signal. After notifying the tributary  66   a  of the change to type B modulation, the master transceiver  64 , transmits a test signal sequence  154  using type B modulation. 
     In this embodiment, the tributary transceiver can contain logic which enables the tributary  66   a  to calculate at least one channel parameter from the test signal sequence  154 . Channel parameters typically include transmission line characteristics, such as, for example, loss versus frequency, non-linear distortion, listener echoes, talker echoes, bridge tap locations, impedance mismatches, noise profile, signal-to-noise ratio, group delay versus frequency, cross-talk presence, cross-talk type, etc. Moreover, the tributary transceiver  66   a  could be configured to communicate a channel parameter back to the master transceiver  64 . 
     After transmitting the test signal sequence  154  to the tributary transceiver  66   a , the master transceiver  64  can transmit a trailing sequence  156  to the tributary transceiver  66   a  using type A modulation to indicate the end of the transmission using type B modulation. The master transceiver  64  can then send information to the tributary transceiver  66   a  using primary modulation type A, as shown by training, data and trailing sequences  158 ,  160  and  162 . Likewise, the tributary transceiver  66   a  can send information to the master transceiver  64  using primary modulation type A, as shown by training, data and trailing sequences  164 ,  166  and  168 . 
     In a further alternative embodiment, the master transceiver  64  or tributary transceiver  66   a  may identify a time period within which test signal sequences may be transmitted. This would eliminate the training and trailing sequences which alert the tributary transceiver  66   a  to the beginning of a new modulation method. The identification of the time period could be initiated by the master transceiver  64  or tributary transceiver  66   a  and could include a time period noted in the header of a transmission between the tributary transceiver  66   a  and master transceiver  64 . 
     The control programs  78  and  92  of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the preferred embodiment(s), the control programs  78  and  92  are implemented in software or firmware that is stored in a memory and that is executed by a suitable instruction execution system. 
     The control programs  78  and  92 , which comprise an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a “computer-readable medium” can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer readable medium can be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a nonexhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic), a random access memory (RAM) (magnetic), a read-only memory (ROM) (magnetic), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) (magnetic), an optical fiber (optical), and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM) (optical). Note that the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. 
     In concluding the detailed description, it should be noted that it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many variations and modifications can be made to the preferred embodiment without substantially departing from the principles of the present invention. All such variations and modifications are intended to be included herein within the scope of the present invention, as set forth in the following claims. Further, in the claims hereafter, the corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements are intended to include any structure, material, or acts for performing the functions with other claimed elements as specifically claimed.