Abstract:
A method for encapsulating a fuel rod or a fuel rod section in a container includes inserting the fuel rod or fuel rod section into the container. One of the ends of the container is connected to a purging-gas line. The container is dehydrated and purged by use of a purging gas. The ends of the container are connected to a bypass line in such a way that a closed gas circuit is produced and a hot gas is circulated in the gas circuit until the absolute moisture content reaches an end value at which the absolute moisture content no longer rises. The container is disconnected from the gas circuit and subsequently the container is closed in a fluid-tight manner at both ends.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This is a continuation application, under 35 U.S.C. §120, of copending international application No. PCT/EP2013/053989, filed Feb. 28, 2013, which designated the United States; this application also claims the priority, under 35 U.S.C. §119, of German patent application No. 10 2012 203 347.5, filed Mar. 2, 2012, German patent application No. 10 2012 210 409.7, filed Jun. 20, 2012 and German patent application No. 10 2012 212 006.8, filed Jul. 10, 2012; the prior applications are herewith incorporated by reference in their entireties. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The invention relates to a method and device for encapsulating a fuel rod or a fuel rod section for temporary storage. 
         [0004]    For transportation and/or storage purposes, defective fuel rods or fuel rod sections are inserted in vacuum-tight and fluid-tight fashion into containers or capsules such as are known for example from German patent DE 196 40 393 B4, from published, European patent application EP 1 248 270 A1, from European patent EP 1 600 982 B1, and from international patent disclosure WO 2010/084122 A1. Since the encapsulation of a fuel rod or of a fuel rod section is performed as close as possible to the original storage location, that is to say underwater within the fuel element storage basin, it is inevitable that water infiltrates into the open container during the insertion of the fuel rod or fuel rod section. The water must however be removed from the fuel rod container because, owing to decay heat, the water would evaporate and lead to an inadmissibly high internal pressure. For this reason, the closure elements used in the containers known from German patent DE 196 40 393 B4, from published, European patent application EP 1 248 270 A1 and from European patent EP 1 600 982 B1 have a duct via which gas can be injected such that the water situated in the container is expelled. In the case of the closure plugs known in each case from German patent DE 196 40 393 B4 and from published European patent application EP 1 248 270 A1, a coaxial duct is provided in each closure plug, in which coaxial duct there is arranged a spring-loaded valve which, by way of a closing element, closes the duct in fluid-tight fashion. For the expulsion of the water, the closing elements are raised from their valve seat by a ram, and via a duct that is then opened, a gas is injected and the water is expelled via the likewise open duct of the oppositely situated closure element. In the case of the two known containers, the expulsion of the water takes place when the closure elements are, as a result of a screwing, welding or deformation process, situated in their final assembled position in which they close the container in fluid-tight fashion. 
         [0005]    In the container known from European patent EP 1 600 982 B1, a closure element is provided which can be screwed onto an external thread of the container and in which a sealing element is mounted in an axially displaceable fashion. In an intermediate position of the closure element, in which the closure element is not yet fully tightened, a parting joint exists between the sealing surface of the sealing element and the face surface, which interacts with the sealing surface to form a sealing pairing, of the hollow cylindrical container part, which parting joint communicates with a lateral ventilation opening in the closure element and, in the intermediate position, fluidically connects the exterior to the scavenging chamber of the hollow cylindrical container part. 
         [0006]    In the case of the container known from international patent disclosure WO 2010/084122 A1, there is provided as a closure element a cap which is pushed onto a hollow cylindrical container part and connected to the face surface thereof in cohesive fashion. The closure of the container is performed in a fluid-tight chamber. Before the closure, that is to say when the cap has not been mounted onto the hollow cylindrical container part, the liquid situated in the chamber is drawn out, and a vacuum-drying process is subsequently performed. Owing to the fact that, within the container equipped with a fuel rod, narrow gaps are present between the fuel rod and the internal wall of the container, it is in some circumstances possible for residual water to remain in the container. 
         [0007]    For the encapsulation of fuel rods or fuel rod sections for relatively long-term temporary storage, residues of water in the container represent a considerable problem. The water must not exceed a predefined amount, generally 1 g. With the known methods, however, it is not possible to make quantitative statements regarding the total content of residual water remaining in the fuel rod capsule even after a vacuum drying process. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    The invention is therefore based on the problem of specifying a method for the encapsulation of a fuel rod or of a fuel rod section, in which method the fuel rod or fuel rod section is enclosed in a gas-tight manner and in a container, and by the method it is possible to make quantitative statements regarding the content of residual water in the container. The invention is furthermore based on the problem of specifying a device by which a container containing a fuel rod or fuel rod section can be closed with a known content of residual water. 
         [0009]    The invention is furthermore based on the objects of specifying a method and a device for the treatment and storage of a multiplicity of containers in which a fuel rod or a fuel rod section is enclosed. 
         [0010]    The method for encapsulating a fuel rod or fuel rod section in a container includes the following method steps: 
         [0000]    a) inserting the fuel rod or fuel rod section into the container,
 
b) connecting one of the ends of the container to a scavenging gas line,
 
c) expelling water from and scavenging the container by way of scavenging gas,
 
d) connecting the ends of the container to a bypass line such that a closed gas circuit is formed, and circulating a hot gas in the gas circuit until the absolute moisture content reaches a final value at which it rises no further,
 
e) separating the container from the gas circuit, and
 
f) subsequently closing the container in fluid-tight fashion at both ends.
 
         [0011]    The container is preferably scavenged with scavenging gas again before being closed. 
         [0012]    If, furthermore, method steps c) and d) are performed one after the other several times in cyclic fashion, wherein method step c) and subsequently method step d) are performed in each cycle, it is possible to reliably attain particularly low threshold values for the moisture content. 
         [0013]    In the method for storing containers in which a fuel rod or fuel rod section is encapsulated in each case, the following method steps are carried out: 
         [0000]    a) inserting the container into a capsule receptacle which has a multiplicity of spacers in grid form and which is open at a top side,
 
b) closing the capsule receptacle in fluid-tight fashion by a cover,
 
c) placing a cap onto the capsule receptacle, which cap projects into the interior of the capsule receptacle and is provided with a suction lance which is fluidically connected to an extraction line guided through the cover,
 
d) extracting the water situated in the capsule receptacle by way of the suction lance,
 
e) scavenging the capsule receptacle with scavenging gas,
 
f) scavenging the capsule receptacle with a heating gas until the absolute moisture content reaches a predefined threshold value, and
 
g) welding the cap to the capsule receptacle, and welding an opening, which is situated in the cap and which leads to the suction lance, by a welding device mounted in the cover.
 
         [0014]    It is preferably also the case in this method that method steps e) and f) are performed one after the other several times in cyclic fashion, wherein method step e) and subsequently method step f) are performed in each cycle. 
         [0015]    With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a device for the encapsulation of a fuel rod or fuel rod section in a container. The device contains a first and a second chamber. The first and second chambers are arranged spaced apart from one another and on a common system axis. The first and second chambers are provided with a first and second opening, respectively, for receiving a free end, which issues into the chamber, of the container, such that the first and second chambers, when a container is arranged between them, can be fluidically connected to one another exclusively via the container itself. The first chamber is connected to an inlet line and the second chamber is connected to an outlet line for a scavenging gas. The inlet line and the outlet line can be connected to one another, via a bypass line that runs outside the chambers, in such a way that a closed gas circuit is formed, wherein, in the gas circuit, there are arranged a pump and a heating device for respectively circulating and heating a heating gas situated in the gas circuit. Measurement devices are provided for detecting the absolute moisture content of the heating gas flowing from the second chamber into the bypass line are arranged in the gas circuit. Each chamber has means for closing the container. 
         [0016]    In an advantageous embodiment, the first and second chambers are rigidly connected to one another along the system axis by a connecting pipe into which the container can be inserted such that it projects by way of its free ends beyond the connecting pipe. 
         [0017]    It is provided in particular that, between the container and connecting pipe, there is arranged at least one sealing element which can be set such that the chambers are fluidically connected to one another exclusively via the container. 
         [0018]    If an adjustable sealing element is arranged on both ends of the connecting pipe, there is formed between the container and connecting pipe a cylindrical gap chamber which is closed in fluid-tight fashion with respect to the chambers. 
         [0019]    With the foregoing and other objects in view there is further provided, in accordance with the invention, a device for the fluid-tight storage of a multiplicity of containers in which a fuel rod or fuel rod section is encapsulated in each case. The device has a capsule receptacle which has a multiplicity of spacers in grid form, a cover for closing, in fluid-tight fashion, the capsule receptacle inserted in the frame, and a suction lance which is guided through the cover and through a cap, which is mounted displaceably in the cover. The suction lance serves for the extraction of water situated in the capsule receptacle. The cover has an inlet and an outlet for a scavenging gas and a heating gas. A measurement device is provided for measuring the absolute moisture content of the heating gas emerging from the container is arranged at the outlet. A device for placing the cap onto and welding the cap to the capsule receptacle are arranged in the cover. 
         [0020]    Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims. 
         [0021]    Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a method and a device for encapsulating a fuel rod or a fuel rod section for temporary storage, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims. 
         [0022]    The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
         [0023]      FIG. 1  is a schematic diagrammatic illustration of a device for encapsulating a fuel rod or a fuel rod section according to the invention; 
           [0024]      FIG. 2  is a diagram in which a moisture content of a heating gas flowing out of the container or of a capsule receptacle is plotted versus time; and 
           [0025]      FIGS. 3-7  are illustrations showing the device according to the invention for a fluid-tight storage of a multiplicity of containers in which the fuel rod or the fuel rod section is encapsulated in each case, during the execution of temporally successive working steps. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0026]    Referring now to the figures of the drawings in detail and first, particularly to  FIG. 1  thereof, there is shown a container  2  provided with a fuel rod  20  which has been inserted into a device in which residual water situated in the container  2  is removed from the container  2  and in which the container  2  is closed in gas-tight fashion after the residual water content has been reduced to or below a predefined maximum admissible threshold value. In a preceding working step, the fuel rod  20  shown by dashed lines in  FIG. 1  has been inserted into the container  2 , onto the ends of which there has been screwed, into an intermediate position, a closure element  10  known for example from European patent EP 1 600 982 B1. 
         [0027]    The device contains a first and a second chamber  50 ,  52  which are arranged spaced apart from one another on a common system axis  53 . The first and second chambers  50 ,  52  are rigidly connected to one another along the system axis  53  by a connecting pipe  100  which is open at both ends. The ends of the connecting pipe  100  form, in the first and second chambers  50 ,  52 , a first and second opening  56 ,  57  respectively, through which the container  2  that has been inserted into the connecting pipe  100  projects by way of its free ends beyond the connecting pipe  100  into the chambers  50 ,  52 . Between the connecting pipe  100  and the container  2 , in the region of the free ends, there are arranged advanceable sealing elements  116  which close a cylindrical gap chamber  119  that is formed between the connecting pipe  100  and container  2 , such that the first and second chambers  50 ,  52 , when a container  2  is arranged between them, can be fluidically connected to one another exclusively via the container  2  itself. 
         [0028]    In the second chamber  52 , the container  2  equipped with the closure element  10  is mounted in a rotationally fixed manner in a receptacle  200  adapted to the closure element  10 . Into the first chamber  50  there is inserted a handling tool  202  which engages in torque-locking fashion around the closure element  10  and by which the two closure elements  10  can be screwed to the container  2  into a gas-tight final position. 
         [0029]    An inlet line  66  for a scavenging gas G is connected to the first chamber  50 , which scavenging gas flows through the container  2  into the second chamber  52  and exits the second chamber via an outlet line  69 . The inlet line  66  and outlet line  69  are connected via valves  134  and  136  to a bypass line  118  that runs outside the chambers  50 ,  52 , such that, by closing valves  126  and  130  that are situated in the inlet line  66  and outlet line  69 , respectively, for the scavenging gas G, a closed gas circuit is formed whose volume is several times greater than the free volume of the container  2  and is a multiple of the volume, greater than  10  times the volume, in the exemplary embodiment approximately  50  times the volume. In the gas circuit there are arranged a pump  140  and a heating device  142  for circulating and heating, respectively, a heating gas H that is situated in the gas circuit. Also arranged in the gas circuit are measurement devices  150 ,  152  and  154  by which the temperature, the relative humidity and the pressure, respectively, of the heating gas H flowing into the first chamber  50  and of the heating gas H flowing out of the second chamber  52  can be measured. 
         [0030]    The connecting pipe  100  is furthermore surrounded by an outer pipe  202  which is arranged between the chambers  50 ,  52  and which is connected to a heating circuit  204  in which, likewise, a fluid medium M heated by a heating device  206  is circulated by a pump  208 , such that the connecting pipe  100  is thermally insulated with respect to the environment. As an alternative to this, such thermal insulation may also be achieved by the insertion of heat-insulating material or heating elements between the connecting pipe  100  and outlet pipe  202 . 
         [0031]    The advanceable sealing elements  116  are initially opened, and by injection of scavenging gas G, water is expelled from the processing chambers  50 ,  52  and the gap chamber  119  via the outlet line  69 . Thereafter, the gap chamber  119  is closed by the sealing elements  116 , and the water situated in the container  2  between the fuel rod  20  and inner wall of the container  2  is expelled by the scavenging gas G. Thereafter, the valves  126 ,  130  are closed, and the valves  134  and  136  situated in the bypass line  118  are opened. The heating gas H situated in the bypass line  118  is subsequently circulated continuously in the closed gas circuit. By use of the measurement devices  150 ,  152  and  154  arranged in each case in the inlet line  66  and in the outlet line  69  in the vicinity of the first and second chambers  50 ,  52 , the temperature, the moisture content and the pressure of the heating gas H flowing in the gas circuit are detected. Using the values for pressure, temperature and relative moisture content measured in the outlet line  69 , the absolute water or moisture content in the heating gas H can be determined in kg/m 3 , and the development thereof over time recorded. 
         [0032]    In the diagram of  FIG. 2 , ab absolute moisture content X is plotted in curve a versus time t. It can be seen from  FIG. 2  that, from a time t 0  from which the heating gas is circulated in the gas circuit, the absolute moisture content X increases continuously until it reaches a constant final value X max  at a plateau. The attainment of the final value X max  indicates that the water situated within the closed gas circuit has completely evaporated. In the event that an open fuel rod or open fuel rod sections is/are situated in the container  2 , it is furthermore ensured that the water bound in the nuclear fuel has also completely evaporated. 
         [0033]    Then, with a known free volume of the container  2  and of the fuel rod  20 , it is possible from the final value X max  to determine the absolute mass, in grams, of the water vapor situated within the container  2 . When the final value X max  has been reached, the valves  134  and  136  are closed. The amount of water still situated within the container  2  is thus known. It would basically be possible for the container  2  to subsequently be closed in gas-tight fashion. It is however preferable for the valves  126  and  130  to be opened again, and for the container  2  to be scavenged again with scavenging gas G. In this way, the water vapor situated in the container  2  and in the fuel rod plenums is expelled, such that the amount of water situated within the container  2  is additionally reduced. Accordingly, the predetermined residual amount can be regarded as an upper value greater than the actual residual amount. 
         [0034]    The container  2  may then be welded to the closure elements  10  or subjected to a further treatment as explained below. In the further treatment, the container  2  is removed from the device and placed, by way of a handling tool  220 , into a capsule receptacle  222  which is illustrated in  FIG. 3  and which is constructed from a cylindrical receiving tube  224  arranged on a frame  226 , the frame having a base part  228 . The capsule receptacle  222  is provided for receiving a multiplicity of containers  2 . For this purpose, a multiplicity of axially spaced-apart spacers  229  in grid form are arranged in the capsule receptacle  222 , the containers  2  being guided in the cells of the spacers. 
         [0035]    As per  FIG. 4 , after the capsule receptacle  222  has been filled with the containers  2 , there is placed onto the receiving tube  224  a cap  230  which has a central suction lance  232 , the latter leading to the base of the capsule receptacle  222  and serving for the extraction of water situated in the capsule receptacle  222 . A cover  234  is placed in fluid-tight fashion onto the receiving tube  224 , through which cover there leads a suction line  236  which is fluidically connected to the suction lance  232  via an opening  237  situated on the cover  230 . Water situated in the capsule receptacle  222  is extracted via the suction line  236 , with scavenging gas G being fed in at the same time via an introduction opening  238 . Subsequently, heating gas H is supplied via the introduction opening  238  and discharged via the extraction line  236 . By contrast to the situation during the drying of the container  2 , the heating gas H is not conducted in a closed circuit. 
         [0036]    The temperature, relative moisture content and pressure at the outlet are detected by the measurement devices  150 ,  152  and  154 , and from these the present absolute moisture content X is determined, which decreases continuously as the drying process progresses. The profile of the absolute moisture content X with respect to time is illustrated in simplified form by curve b in the diagram of  FIG. 2 . 
         [0037]    The heating gas H is conducted through the capsule receptacle  222  until the absolute moisture content X reaches or falls below a predefined threshold value X g . The profile of the absolute moisture content X with respect to time is illustrated by curve b in the diagram of  FIG. 2 . It is ensured in this way that the absolute content of water situated in the interior of the capsule receptacle  222  does not exceed predefined maximum values. In this way, it is possible to make reliable statements as regards whether predefined threshold values are adhered to. 
         [0038]    After the drying of the capsule receptacle  222 , the cap is, as per  FIG. 5 , welded to the receiving tube  224  by a welding device  240  which is mounted in the interior of the cover  234  so as to be rotatable about the longitudinal central axis of the receiving tube  224 . 
         [0039]    In a subsequent step, as per  FIG. 6 , the opening  237  to the suction lance  232 , the opening being situated in the cap  230 , is likewise welded by the welding device  240 . In the cover  234  there may additionally be arranged ultrasound checking devices by which the weld seams can be checked. 
         [0040]    Subsequently, as per  FIG. 7 , the cover  234  is removed and a transport head  240  is mounted onto the frame  226 , which transport head facilitates the transportation of the closed capsule receptacle  222 . 
         [0041]    Both in the case of the scavenging and drying of the container  2  and in the case of the scavenging and drying of the capsule receptacle  222 , these two method steps may be performed several times in cyclic fashion, such that a drying process that has taken place is followed by another scavenging process and subsequently another drying process.