Abstract:
An output circuit is driven by means of a first differential amplification circuit having an N-channel differential amplification stage that compares a reference voltage VREF with an input signal IN, and a second differential amplification circuit having a P-channel differential stage. An output of the first differential amplification circuit is given as the gate voltage of P-channel MOS transistors in the output circuit, and an output of the second differential amplification circuit is given as the gate voltage of N-channel MOS transistors in the output circuit. This realizes an input buffer with reduced error operations even under threshold voltage variations caused by process variations and others.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, and more particularly to a semiconductor device including an input buffer that receives a signal from outside to transmit the signal to an internal circuit.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Background Art  
           [0004]    A semiconductor device includes an input buffer that receives a signal input from outside. A conventional input buffer is constructed with a differential amplification circuit of a current mirror load and an inverter.  
           [0005]    [0005]FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a construction of a conventional input buffer  200 .  
           [0006]    Referring to FIG. 8, the input buffer  200  includes a differential amplification circuit  202  that is activated in accordance with a signal EN and compares a reference voltage VREF with an input signal IN, and an inverter  204  that receives and inverts an output of the differential amplification circuit  202  and outputs an output signal OUT.  
           [0007]    The differential amplification circuit  202  includes an N-channel MOS transistor  206  whose gate receives the signal EN and whose source is connected to a ground node, and an N-channel MOS transistor  208  whose gate receives the reference voltage VREF and whose source is connected to the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor  206 .  
           [0008]    The differential amplification circuit  202  further includes an N-channel MOS transistor  210  whose gate receives the input signal IN and whose source is connected to the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor  206 , and a P-channel MOS transistor  212  whose gate and drain are connected to the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor  208  and whose source is connected to a power supply voltage Vcc.  
           [0009]    The differential amplification circuit  202  further includes a P-channel MOS transistor  214  whose gate is connected to the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor  208  and which is connected between the node to which the power supply voltage Vcc is given and the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor  210 , and a P-channel MOS transistor  216  whose gate receives the signal EN and which is connected between the power supply node and the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor  210 . An output signal A of the differential amplification circuit  202  is output from the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor  210 .  
           [0010]    The inverter  204  includes a P-channel MOS transistor  218  and an N-channel MOS transistor  220  both of which receive a signal A at the gates thereof and which are connected in series between the power supply node and the ground node. An output signal OUT is output from the connection node of the P-channel MOS transistor  218  and the N-channel MOS transistor  220 .  
           [0011]    When the signal EN is raised to a H-level, the N-channel MOS transistor  206  is brought into a conducted state while the P-channel MOS transistor  216  is brought into a non-conducted state. Then, the differential amplification circuit  202  is activated and, if the input signal IN is higher than the reference voltage VREF, the differential amplification circuit  202  outputs a L-level to the signal A, whereas if the input signal IN is lower than the reference voltage VREF, the differential amplification circuit  202  outputs a H-level as the signal A.  
           [0012]    However, regarding the amplitude of the output signal of the differential amplification circuit, it is not always the case that the H-level is the power supply voltage Vcc and the L-level is the ground voltage. There are cases in which the H-level of the output signal is lower than the power supply voltage Vcc or the L-level is higher than the ground voltage.  
           [0013]    [0013]FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram for explaining an error operation of the input buffer.  
           [0014]    Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, the input signal IN is repeatedly at a higher voltage or at a lower voltage than the reference voltage VREF and, in accordance therewith, the output signal A of the differential amplification circuit  202  alternately outputs the H-level and the L-level. However, since the L-level of the signal A is higher than a threshold voltage Vt of the inverter  204 , the signal A does not cross over the threshold voltage of the inverter. Then, the output signal OUT of the inverter is fixed at the L-level.  
           [0015]    Such a phenomenon occurs, for example, when the reference voltage VREF is low and, in such a case, it is difficult to raise the output of the differential amplification circuit above the threshold voltage of the inverter, thereby causing an error operation in which the output of the inverter remains invariable.  
           [0016]    The threshold voltage of the inverter may change depending on production variations and, if the threshold value of the inverter changes, there is a problem of decrease in the production yield.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0017]    An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device including an input buffer that does not easily raise an error operation even under threshold voltage variations of the inverter caused by production variations.  
           [0018]    In summary, the present invention is directed to a semiconductor device including an input buffer circuit and an internal circuit.  
           [0019]    The input buffer circuit receives a first input signal from outside. The input buffer circuit includes first and second differential amplification circuits and an output circuit. The first differential amplification circuit compares a voltage given by the input signal with a reference voltage and outputs complementary first and second output signals in which a high level of an output voltage is a power supply voltage and a low level is a first intermediate voltage between the power supply voltage and a ground voltage. The second differential amplification circuit compares the voltage given by the first input signal with the reference voltage and outputs complementary third and fourth output signals in which a low level of an output voltage is the ground voltage and a high level is a second intermediate voltage between the power supply voltage and the ground voltage. The output circuit outputs complementary fifth and sixth output signals in accordance with the first to fourth output signals.  
           [0020]    The internal circuit operates in accordance with the fifth and sixth output signals.  
           [0021]    Therefore, a principal advantage of the present invention lies in that the error operation in which the input signal is not transmitted to the inside can be prevented when the threshold voltage variations occur due to process variations.  
           [0022]    The foregoing and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0023]    [0023]FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic construction of a synchronous semiconductor storage device  1  which is an example of a semiconductor device;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a construction of a clock buffer  4  in FIG. 1;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 3 is an operation waveform diagram for explaining an operation of the clock buffer  4  shown in FIG. 2;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a construction of a flip-flop  6   a  which is included in a control signal input buffer  6  in FIG. 1 and which receives a control signal from outside and takes it in with an internal clock;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a construction of an inside of an input buffer  22  in FIG. 1;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 6 is a view for explaining a part of an address buffer  2  in FIG. 1;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a construction of a predecoding circuit  142  which is disposed near to a memory array and which predecodes an address;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram illustrating a construction of a conventional input buffer  200 ; and  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram for explaining an error operation of the input buffer. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0032]    Hereafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Here, like reference numerals in the drawings denote like or corresponding parts.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic construction of a synchronous semiconductor storage device  1  as an example of a semiconductor device.  
         [0034]    Referring to FIG. 1, the synchronous semiconductor storage device  1  includes memory array banks  14 # 0  to  14 # 3  each having a plurality of memory cells that are arranged in a matrix configuration; an address buffer  2  that takes in address signals A 0  to A 12  and bank address signals BA 0  to BA 1 , which are given from the outside, in synchronization with clock signals CLKI, /CLKI and outputs an internal row address, an internal column address, and an internal bank address; a clock buffer  4  that receives a clock signal CLK and a clock enable signal CKE from the outside and outputs clock signals CLKI, /CLKI, and CLKQ used in the inside; and a control signal input buffer  6  that takes in control signals /CS, /RAS, /CAS, /WE, and a mask signal DQMU/L, which are given from the outside, in synchronization with the clock signals CLKI, /CLKI.  
         [0035]    The synchronous semiconductor storage device  1  further includes a control circuit that receives an internal address signal from the address buffer  2  and receives control signals int.RAS, int.CAS, int.WE synchronized with the clock signals from the control signal input buffer  6  to output a control signal to each block in synchronization with the clock signals CLKI, /CLKI, and a mode register that holds the operation mode recognized in the control circuit. In FIG. 1, the control circuit and the mode register are represented by one block  8 .  
         [0036]    The control circuit includes a bank address decoder that decodes internal bank address signals int.BA 0 , int.BA 1 , and a command decoder that receives and decodes the control signals int.RAS, int.CAS, int.WE.  
         [0037]    The synchronous semiconductor storage device  1  further includes row decoders that are disposed respectively in correspondence with the memory array banks  14 # 0  to  14 # 3  and decode a row address signal X given from the address buffer  2 , and word drivers for driving an address-designated row (word line) in the inside of the memory array banks  14 # 0  to  14 # 3  to a selected state in accordance with the output signals of these row decoders. In FIG. 1, the row decoders and the word drivers are collectively represented by blocks  10 # 0  to  10 # 3 .  
         [0038]    The synchronous semiconductor storage device  1  further includes column decoders  12 # 0  to  12 # 3  that decode an internal column address signal Y given from the address buffer  2  to generate a column selection signal, and sensing amplifiers  16 # 0  to  16 # 3  that sense and amplify data of the memory cells connected to the selected row of the memory array banks  14 # 0  to  14 # 3 .  
         [0039]    The synchronous semiconductor storage device  1  further includes an input buffer  22  that receives a write data from the outside to generate an internal write data, a write driver that amplifies the internal write data from the input buffer  22  and transmits the internal write data to the selected memory cell, a preamplifier that amplifies the data read out from the selected memory cell, and an output buffer  20  that performs a buffer processing on the data from the preamplifier and outputs the data to the outside.  
         [0040]    The preamplifier and the write driver are disposed respectively in correspondence with the memory array banks  14 # 0  to  14 # 3 . In FIG. 1, the preamplifier and the write driver are represented by blocks  18 # 0  to  18 # 3  as one block.  
         [0041]    The input buffer  22  takes in the data signals DQ 0  to DQ 15  given from the outside to the terminal in accordance with a strobe signal DS. This strobe signal DS is a signal that constitutes a standard of the time for another semiconductor device or the like, which outputs data to the synchronous semiconductor storage device  1 , to take in the data that are output in synchronization with the data. The synchronous semiconductor storage device  1  receives the strobe signal DS, which is transmitted from the outside in parallel with the data and which is given to the terminal, as a standard for taking in the data signals.  
         [0042]    The synchronous semiconductor storage device  1  further includes a Vref generating circuit  24  that generates a reference voltage Vref. The reference voltage Vref is input to the input buffer and constitutes a standard for a threshold value in taking in the data.  
         [0043]    When the synchronous semiconductor storage device  1  outputs data to the outside, the output buffer  20  outputs the data signals DQ 0  to DQ 15  in synchronization with the clock signal CLKQ, and outputs to the outside the strobe signal DS for another semiconductor device to take in the data signals.  
         [0044]    In such a synchronous semiconductor storage device  1 , the clock signal CLK given from the outside is given by being converted by the clock buffer  4  into the clock signals CLKI, /CLKI and CLKQ that are used in the inside. For example, the clock signal CLKQ is given to the input buffer  22  and the output buffer  20 ; however, the clock delay time till the clock signal CLKQ is transmitted to the input buffer  22  is preferably equal to the clock delay time till the clock signal CLKQ is transmitted to the output buffer  20 .  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a construction of the clock buffer  4  in FIG. 1.  
         [0046]    Referring to FIG. 2, the clock buffer  4  includes a differential amplification circuit  32  that receives a reference voltage VREF and an input signal IN and outputs a differential output to a node NA and a node NC; P-channel MOS transistors  38 ,  36  for fixing the voltages of the node NA and the node NC to the power supply voltage Vcc in accordance with a signal EN; a differential amplification circuit  34  that receives the reference voltage VREF and the input signal IN and outputs a differential output to a node NB and a node ND; N-channel MOS transistors  42 ,  40  for fixing the voltages of the nodes NB, ND to the ground voltage in accordance with a signal /EN; and an output circuit  44  that outputs output signals OUT, /OUT in accordance with the voltages of the nodes NA, NB, NC, ND.  
         [0047]    The differential amplification circuit  32  includes an N-channel MOS transistor  50  whose gate receives the signal EN and whose source is connected to the ground node, an N-channel MOS transistor  46  whose gate receives the reference voltage VREF and which is connected between the node NC and the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor  50 , and an N-channel MOS transistor  48  whose gate receives the input signal IN and which is connected between the node NA and the drain of the N-channel MOS transistor  50 .  
         [0048]    The differential amplification circuit  32  further includes a P-channel MOS transistor  52  whose gate is connected to the node NC and which is connected between the power supply node and the node NC, a P-channel MOS transistor  54  whose gate is connected to the node NA and which is connected between the power supply node and the node NC, a P-channel MOS transistor  56  whose gate is connected to the node NC and which is connected between the power supply node and the node NA, and a P-channel MOS transistor  58  whose gate is connected to the node NA and which is connected between the power supply node and the node NA.  
         [0049]    The P-channel MOS transistor  52  and the P-channel MOS transistor  56  form a first current mirror, and the P-channel MOS transistor  58  and the P-channel MOS transistor  54  form a second current mirror. In other words, the differential amplification circuit  32  uses a current mirror of cross-coupling type as a load of differential amplification.  
         [0050]    The differential amplification circuit  34  includes a P-channel MOS transistor  62  whose source is connected to the power supply node and whose gate receives the signal /EN, a P-channel MOS transistor  64  whose gate receives the reference voltage VREF and which is connected between the drain of the P-channel MOS transistor  62  and the node ND, a P-channel MOS transistor  66  whose gate receives the input signal IN and which is connected between the drain of the P-channel MOS transistor  62  and the node NB, an N-channel MOS transistor  68  whose gate and drain are connected to the node ND and whose source is connected to the ground node, an N-channel MOS transistor  70  whose gate is connected to the node NB and which is connected between the node ND and the ground node, an N-channel MOS transistor  72  whose gate is connected to the node ND and which is connected between the node NB and the ground node, and an N-channel MOS transistor  74  whose gate is connected to the node NB and which is connected between the node NB and the ground node.  
         [0051]    The output circuit  44  includes a P-channel MOS transistor  76  and an N-channel MOS transistor  78  which are connected in series between the power supply node and the ground node and whose gates are respectively connected to the nodes NA, NB, and a P-channel MOS transistor  80  and an N-channel MOS transistor  82  which are connected in series between the power supply node and the ground node and whose gates are respectively connected to the nodes NC, ND. A signal OUT is output from the connection node of the P-channel MOS transistor  76  and the N-channel MOS transistor  78 , and a signal /OUT is output from the connection node of the P-channel MOS transistor  80  and the N-channel MOS transistor  82 .  
         [0052]    [0052]FIG. 3 is an operation waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the clock buffer  4  shown in FIG. 2.  
         [0053]    When the voltage of the input signal IN becomes higher than the reference voltage VREF at the time t 1 , the voltages of the node NA and the node NB come to an L-level. At this time, with respect to the output of the differential amplification circuit  32  of a differential type driven by N-channel MOS transistors, the output amplitude is biased to the vicinity of the power supply voltage Vcc, as shown by the voltage of the node NA.  
         [0054]    On the other hand, with respect to the differential amplification circuit  34  of a differential type driven by P-channel MOS transistors, the output amplitude is biased to the vicinity of the ground voltage, as shown by the voltage of the node NB. Therefore, since the voltage of the node NB is at the ground voltage at the time t 1  to t 2 , the N-channel MOS transistor  78  of the output stage can be cut off by inputting this voltage to the N-channel MOS transistor  78 .  
         [0055]    Subsequently, when the voltage of the input signal IN becomes lower than the reference voltage VREF at the time t 2 , the voltages of the nodes NA, NB come to a H-level in accordance therewith. In this case, since the voltage of the node NA is equal to the power supply voltage Vcc, the P-channel MOS transistor  76  can be cut off by giving this voltage to the gate of the P-channel MOS transistor  76 . Therefore, the input signal can be correctly transmitted to the output signal OUT.  
         [0056]    Further, since the differential amplification circuits  32 ,  34  have respective complementary output signals, a complementary output signal /OUT can be created by giving a signal to the gates of the P-channel MOS transistor  80  and the N-channel MOS transistor  82 . With the use of a clock buffer circuit having a construction described above, the output signals OUT, /OUT can be correctly output even if the threshold value of the inverter is varied due to production variations, so that the clock signals CLKI, /CLKI can be correctly generated.  
         [0057]    Here, in this embodiment, an example is shown in which the input buffer circuit shown in FIG. 2 is used as a clock buffer; however, the usage is not limited to clock buffers alone, and it can be used as another input buffer that receives an input signal from outside.  
         [0058]    Next, explanation will be given on an advantage of the case in which a buffer circuit having such complementary outputs is used.  
         [0059]    [0059]FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a construction of a flip-flop  6   a  which is included in the control signal input buffer  6  in FIG. 1 and which receives a control signal from outside and takes it in with an internal clock.  
         [0060]    Referring to FIG. 4, the flip-flop  6   a  includes an inverter  92  that receives and inverts an input signal A, an N-channel MOS transistor  94  that transmits an output of the inverter  92  when the clock signal CLKI is at a H-level, an inverter  96  that inverts the output of the inverter  92  transmitted by the N-channel MOS transistor  94 , an inverter  98  that feeds an output of the inverter  96  back to an input part of the inverter  96 , an inverter  100  that receives and inverts the output of the inverter  96 , an N-channel MOS transistor  102  that is conducted in accordance with a clock signal /CLKI and transmits an output of the inverter  100 , an inverter  104  that receives and inverts the output of the inverter  100  transmitted by the N-channel MOS transistor  102  and outputs a signal B, and an inverter  106  that feeds an output of the inverter  104  back to an input of the inverter  104 .  
         [0061]    By supplying complementary clocks with the use of a clock buffer such as shown in FIG. 2, the flip-flop  6   a  need not incorporate a phase splitter that generates complementary internal clocks from the clock signal. In other words, in many cases, a flip-flop usually incorporates a phase splitter such as an inverter that inverts the clock signal. Therefore, by omitting the inverter, the circuit construction can be simplified.  
         [0062]    [0062]FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a construction of an inside of the input buffer  22  shown in FIG. 1.  
         [0063]    Referring to FIG. 5, the input buffer  22  includes an input buffer circuit  112  that receives the data strobe signal DS and outputs the signals IDS, /IDS, and a latch circuit  114  that takes in the data signal DQ in accordance with the signals IDS, /IDS and outputs an even data signal DATAE and an odd data signal DATAO.  
         [0064]    The input buffer circuit  112  has a construction similar to that of the clock buffer  4  shown in FIG. 2, so that an explanation thereof will not be repeated.  
         [0065]    The latch circuit  114  includes an N-channel MOS transistor  116  that is conducted in accordance with the signal /IDS and transmits the data signal DQ, an inverter  118  that receives and inverts the signal transmitted by the N-channel MOS transistor  116  and outputs the even data signal DATAE, and an inverter  120  that receives the output of the inverter  118  and feeds the output to an input of the inverter  118 .  
         [0066]    The latch circuit  114  further includes an N-channel MOS transistor  122  that transmits the data signal DQ in accordance with the signal IDS, an inverter  124  that receives and inverts the data signal DQ transmitted by the N-channel MOS transistor  122  and outputs the odd data signal DATAO, and an inverter  126  that receives the output of the inverter  124  and feeds the output to an input of the inverter  124 .  
         [0067]    By adopting such a construction, complementary latch signals are supplied to the latch circuit  114 , thereby eliminating the need for incorporating a phase splitter in the inside. This can simplify the circuit construction.  
         [0068]    [0068]FIG. 6 is a view for explaining a part of the address buffer  2  shown in FIG. 1.  
         [0069]    Referring to FIG. 6, the address buffer  2  includes an input buffer circuit  132  that receives address signals A 0  to A 2  and outputs complementary signals AD 0  to AD 2 , /AD 0  to /AD 2 . Here, the input buffer circuit  132  includes an input buffer having a construction similar to that of the clock buffer  4  shown in FIG. 2 and corresponding to each of the address signals A 0  to A 2 , so that an explanation thereof will not be repeated.  
         [0070]    [0070]FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a construction of a predecoding circuit  142  which is disposed near to the memory array and which predecodes an address.  
         [0071]    Referring to FIG. 7, the predecoding circuit  142  includes a NAND circuit  144  that receives signals /AD 0 , /AD 1 , /AD 2 , an N-channel MOS transistor  146  that is conducted in accordance with the clock signal CLKI and transmits an output of the NAND circuit  144 , an inverter  148  that receives and inverts the output of the NAND circuit  144  transmitted by the N-channel MOS transistor  146  and outputs a predecoded signal AX 0 , and an inverter  150  that receives and inverts an output of the inverter  148  and feeds the output to an input of the inverter  148 .  
         [0072]    The predecoding circuit  142  further includes a NAND circuit  154  that receives signals /AD 0 , /AD 1 , /AD 2 , an N-channel MOS transistor  156  that is conducted in accordance with the clock signal CLKI and transmits an output of the NAND circuit  154 , an inverter  158  that receives and inverts the output of the NAND circuit  154  transmitted by the N-channel MOS transistor  156  and outputs a predecoded signal AX 1 , and an inverter  160  that receives and inverts an output of the inverter  158  and feeds the output to an input of the inverter  158 .  
         [0073]    The predecoding circuit  142  further includes a NAND circuit  164  that receives signals AD 0 , AD 1 , AD 2 , an N-channel MOS transistor  166  that is conducted in accordance with the clock signal CLKI and transmits an output of the NAND circuit  164 , an inverter  168  that receives and inverts the output of the NAND circuit  164  transmitted by the N-channel MOS transistor  166  and outputs a predecoded signal AX 7 , and an inverter  170  that receives and inverts an output of the inverter  168  and feeds the output to an input of the inverter  168 .  
         [0074]    Here, although not illustrated, the predecoding circuit  142  further includes circuits that output predecoded signals AX 2  to AX 6  in accordance with the output of the input buffer circuit  132 .  
         [0075]    As described above, by inputting an address signal with the use of a construction such as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the address can be predecoded at a high speed before it is latched with the clock signal, thereby raising a speed of the address signal processing.  
         [0076]    Although the present invention has been described and illustrated in detail, it is clearly understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of the present invention being limited only by the terms of the appended claims.