Abstract:
Cephalosporins in a series having the formula ##STR1## wherein R 1  is alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms or a nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, were synthesized and found to be potent antibacterial agents especially when in the form of the syn isomers essentially free of the corresonding anti isomer.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The cephalosporins of the present invention in general possess the usual attributes of such compounds and are particularly useful in the treatment of bacterial infections. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     U.K. Pat. No. 1,399,086 disclosed antibiotic compounds of the general formula ##STR2## (wherein R U  is phenyl; naphthyl; thienyl; furyl, benzothienyl; benzofuryl; pyridyl or any of these groups substituted by halo (chloro, bromo, iodo or fluoro), hydroxy, lower alkyl, nitro, amino, loweralkylamino, diloweralkylamino, lower alkanoyl, lower alkanoylamino, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio or carbamoyl; R b  is lower alkyl; cycloalkyl containing 3-7 carbon atoms; carbocyclic or heterocyclic aryl lower alkyl or any of these groups substituted by hydroxy, carboxy, exterified carboxy, amido, cyano, alkanoyl, amino, substituted amino, halogen or lower alkoxy; and Y is selected from acetoxy; a group of formula ##STR3## where R d  and n are as defined in claim 19; a group of formula --SW where W is thiadiazolyl, diazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolyl, thiatriazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, triazolopyridyl, purinyl, pyridyl or pyrimidyl; an alkylthio group containing 1-4 carbon atoms; a group of formula --O.CO.R 9  where R 9  is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing 2-4 carbon atoms; the group --O.CO.NH.(CH 2 ) m  D wherein m is an integer of from 1-4 and D is chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine; and azido) and non-toxic salts and esters thereof. Methods for the preparation of the starting acids used to form the 7-substituent, including their separation into syn and anti isomers, are also described therein and in U.K. Pat. No. 1,404,221. 
     Presently issued U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,966,717 and 3,971,778 (with many nucleophilic substituents) contain at least part of the disclosure of U.K. Pat. No. 1,399,086 as does U.S. Pat. No. 3,974,153. See also Farmdoc abstracts 17270X and 19177X and 63415X (which also contains thiol substitution). 
     U.S. Pat. No. 3,974,153 claims compounds of the formula ##STR4## wherein R 1  is furyl, thienyl or phenyl; and R a  is C 1-4  alkyl, C 3-7  cycloalkyl or phenyl; and a physiologically acceptable salt thereof. 
     With reference to cephalosporins in which the acetoxy group in the 3-methyl substituent has been displaced by a thiol see U.S. Pat. No. 3,741,965 for a review of the older art. 
     For examples of publications in the scientific literature see Ryan et al., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 9, 520-525 (1976) and O&#39;Callaghan et al., ibid., 9, 511-519 (1976) and Norby et al., ibid., 9, 506-510 (1976) regarding cefuroxime and Leitner et al., ibid., 10(3), 426-435 (Sept. 1976) regarding BL-S786. 
     In U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,786 claim 1 reads: 
     An acid having the formula ##STR5## or a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     One definition of R is tautomeric thus: ##STR6## 
     The latter can of course be written as ##STR7## 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     One of the problems presently facing the medical profession at this time was described by Arnold L. Smith, M.D. in an article titled Antibiotics and Invasive Haemophilus influenzae, N. Engl. J. Med., 294(24), 1329-1331 (June 10, 1976) in which the opening sentence reads as follows: &#34;Recently, the information service of the Center for Disease Control, the Medical Letter and the American Academy of Pediatrics have sounded the alert that invasive strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated throughout the United States have been found to be resistant to ampicillin, many of the isolates being associated with treatment failure.&#34; His concluding paragraph reads: &#34;The current situation portends a dismal future for the antibiotic treatment of invasive H. influenzae disease. An H. influenzae resistant to the second-line drug, chloramphenicol, has been described, and, more recently, an untypable H. influenzae resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline was isolated from the throat of a four-year-old girl. Thus, both these currently efficacious agents may not be useful in the future.&#34; 
     A solution to this problem is provided by the present invention. 
     The present invention thus provides compounds having the formula ##STR8## often written herein as ##STR9## wherein R 1  is alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms and R 2  is hydrogen or a conventional, pharmaceutically acceptable, easily hydrolyzed ester forming group such as those set forth below and including the group having the formula ##STR10## wherein when W represents hydrogen, Z represents (lower)-alkanoyl, benzoyl, naphthoyl, furoyl, thenoyl, nitrobenzoyl, methylbenzoyl, halobenzoyl, phenylbenzoyl, N-phthalimido, N-succinimido, N-saccharino, N-(lower)alkylcarbamoyl, (lower)alkoxy, (lower)-alkylthio, phenoxy, carbalkoxy, carbobenzoxy, carbamoyl, benzyloxy, chlorobenzyloxy, carbophenoxy, carbo-tert.-butoxy or (lower)alkylsulfonyl, and when W represents carbalkoxy, Z represents carbalkoxy and, when W represents phenyl, Z represents benzoyl or cyano or wherein W and Z taken together represent 2-oxocycloalkyl containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms inclusive. 
     As set forth below in more detail the present invention also provides salts of these acids. The stereochemistry of the bicyclic nucleus is that found in Cephalosporin C. 
     The compounds of the present invention are syn isomers or else are mixtures of syn and anti isomers containing at least 75% of the syn isomer. Preferably such mixtures of isomers contain at least 90% of the syn isomer and not more than 10% of the anti isomer. Most preferably the compounds are syn isomers essentially free of the corresponding anti isomer. 
     The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the syn isomers of the compounds of Formula I wherein R 1  is methyl or ethyl and R 2  is hydrogen, pivaloyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, acetonyl, phenacyl, p-nitrobenzyl, β,β,β-trichloroethyl, 3-phthalidyl or 5-indanyl. 
     Reference to the syn (cis) isomeric form refers to the configuration of the group OR 1  with respect to the carboxamido group. 
     The present invention also provides the process for the production of the antibacterial agents having the formula ##STR11## wherein R 1  is alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms which comprises reacting a compound of the formula ##STR12## or a salt or easily hydrolyzed ester or Schiff base as with benzaldehyde or salicylaldehyde thereof (including, but not limited to, those of U.S. Pat. No. 3,284,451 and U.K. Pat. No. 1,229,453 and any of the silyl esters described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,249,622 for use with 6-aminopenicillanic acid and used in Great Britain Pat. No. 1,073,530 and particularly the pivaloyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, acetonyl, phenacyl, p-nitrobenzyl, β,β,β-trichloroethyl, 3-phthalidyl and 5-indanyl esters) thereof with an organic monocarboxylic acid chloride or a functional equivalent thereof as an acylating agent. 
     Such functional equivalents include the corresponding acid anhydrides, including mixed anhydrides and particularly the mixed anhydrides prepared from stronger acids such as the lower aliphatic monoesters of carbonic acid, or alkyl and aryl sulfonic acids and of more hindered acids such as diphenylacetic acid. In addition, an acid azide or an active ester or thioester (e.g. with p-nitrophenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenol, thiophenol, thioacetic acid) may be used or the free acid itself may be coupled with compound II after first reacting said free acid with N,N&#39;-dimethylchloroformiminium chloride [cf. Great Britain 1,008,170 and Novak and Weichet, Experientia XXI, 6, 360 (1965)] or by the use of enzymes or of an N,N&#39;-carbonyldiimidazole or an N,N&#39;-carbonylditriazole [cf. South African patent specification 63/2684] or a carbodiimide reagent [especially N,N&#39;-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. N,N&#39;-diisopropylcarbodiimide or N-cyclohexyl-N&#39;-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide; cf. Sheehan and Hess, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 77, 1967 (1955)], or of alkylylamine reagent [cf. R. Buijle and H. G. Viehe, Angew, Chem. International Edition 3, 582, (1964)] or of an isoxazolium salt reagent [cf. R. B. Woodward, R. A. Olofson and H. Mayer, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 83, 1010 (1961)], or of a ketenimine reagent [cf. C. L. Stevens and M. E. Munk, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 80, 4065 (1958)] or of hexachlorocyclotriphosphatriazine or hexabromocyclotriphosphatriazine (U.S. Pat. No. 3,651,050) or of diphenylphosphoryl azide [DPPA; J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 94, 6203-6205 (1972)] or of diethylphosphoryl cyanide [DEPC; Tetrahedron Letters No. 18, pp. 1595-1598 (1973)] or of diphenyl phosphite [Tetrahedron Letters No. 49, pp. 5047-5050 (1972)]. Another equivalent of the acid chloride is a corresponding azolide, i.e., an amide of the corresponding acid whose amide nitrogen is a member of a quasiaromatic five membered ring containing at least two nitrogen atoms, i.e., imidazole, pyrazole, the triazoles, benzimidazole, benzotriazole and their substituted derivatives. As an example of the general method for the preparation of an azolide, N,N&#39;-carbonyldiimidazole is reacted with a carboxylic acid in equimolar proportions at room temperature in tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dimethylformamide or a similar inert solvent to form the carboxylic acid imidazolide in practically quantitative yield with liberation of carbon dioxide and one mole of imidazole. Dicarboxylic acids yield diimidazolide. The by-product, imidazole, precipitates and may be separated and the imidazolide isolated, but this is not essential. The methods for carrying out these reactions to produce a cephalosporin and the methods used to isolate the cephalosporin so produced are well known in the art. 
     Mention was made above of the use of enzymes to couple the free acid with compound II. Included in the scope of such processes are the use of an ester, e.g. the methyl ester, of that free acid with enzymes provided by various microorganisms, e.g. those described by T. Takahashi et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 94(11), 4035-4037 (1972) and by T. Nara et al., J. Antibiotics (Japan) 24(5), 321-323 (1971) and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,682,777. 
     For the coupling of the organic carboxylic acid as described above with compound II (or a salt or preferably an easily hydrolyzed ester of Schiff base, as with benzaldehyde, thereof) it is also convenient and efficient to utilize as the coupling agent phosphonitrilic chloride trimer (J. Org. Chem., 33(7), 2979-81, 1968) or N-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) as described in J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90, 823-824 and 1652-1653 (1968) and U.S. Pat. No. 3,455,929. The reaction is preferably carried out at 30°-35° C. in benzene, ethanol or tetrahydrofuran using about equimolar quantities of all three reagents followed by conventional isolation and removal by conventional methods of any blocking groups present. 
     An additional process of the present invention comprises the preparation of the compounds of the present invention by the displacement of the 3-acetoxy group of a 7-acylaminocephalosporanic acid (prepared by substituting 7-aminocephalosporanic acid for the 3-thiolated-7-aminocephalosporanic acids in the acylation procedures described herein and elsewhere reported) with a thiol HSR 3  having the formula ##STR13## and then removing the protecting group if any is present, as on the carboxyl group. 
     The displacement of such a 3-acetoxy group with such a thiol may be accomplished in solution as in water or aqueous acetone at a temperature of at least room temperature and preferably within the range of about 50° to 100° C. in the presence of a mild base such as sodium bicarbonate, e.g. preferably near neutrality such as at about pH 6. An excess of the thiol is preferably employed. The reaction product is isolated by careful acidification of the reaction mixture followed by extraction with a water-immiscible organic solvent. As noted above, the preparation of many other 7-acylamidocephalosporanic acids is described in the patent and scientific literature, e.g. in U.S. Class 260-243C. 
     The salts of the compounds of this invention include the nontoxic carboxylic acid salts thereof, including nontoxic metallic salts such as sodium, potassium, calcium and aluminum, the ammonium salt and substituted ammonium salts, e.g. salts of such nontoxic amines as trialkylamines including triethylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N-benzyl-beta-phenethylamine, 1-ephenamine, N,N&#39;-dibenzylethylenediamine, dehydroabietylamine, N,N&#39;-bis-dehydroabietylethylenediamine, and other amines which have been used to form salts with benzylpenicillin, L-lysine, arginine and histidine. 
     The preferred esters of the cephalosporins of the present invention are the pivaloyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, acetonyl and phenacyl esters. All are useful intermediates in the production of the cephalosporin having a free carboxyl group. 
     As indicated above, these five esters of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid are each prepared by known methods. One excellent procedure is that of U.S. Pat. No. 3,284,451 in which sodium cephalothin is esterified by reaction with the corresponding active chloro or bromo compound (e.g. phenacyl bromide, chloroacetone, chloromethyl ether, pivaloyloxymethyl chloride [also called chloromethyl pivalate], acetoxymethyl chloride) and then the thienylacetic acid sidechain is removed enzymatically as in the same patent or chemically as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,575,970 and in Journal of Antibiotics, XXIV (11), 767-773 (1971). In another good method the triethylamine salt of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid is reacted directly with the active halogen compound, as in United Kingdom Pat. No. 1,229,453. 
     These esters of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid are then reacted with the nucleophile HSR 3  in the same manner as is illustrated herein for 7-aminocephalosporanic acid itself. The 3-thiolated ester of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid is then coupled with the organic carboxylic acid as before. 
     The ester of the cephalosporin so obtained is, if not used per se, converted to its free acid and, if desired, any salt by removal of the esterifying group, as by aqueous or enzymatic hydrolysis (as with human or animal serum) or acidic or alkaline hydrolysis or by treatment with sodium thiophenoxide as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 3,284,451 and, in the penicillin series, by Sheehan et al., J. Org. Chem. 29(7), 2006-2008 (1964). 
     In another alternative synthesis, the 3-thiolated 7-aminocephalosporanic acid is prepared as described herein and then acylated at the 7-amino group and finally esterified, as by reaction of the appropriate alcohol with the acid chloride prepared, for example, by reaction of the final cephalosporin with thionyl chloride or by other essentially acidic esterification procedures. 
     In the treatment of bacterial infections in man, the compounds of this invention are administered parenterally in an amount of from about 10 to 90 mg./kg./day and preferably about 14 to 50 mg./kg./day in divided dosage, e.g. two to four times a day. They are administered in dosage units containing, for example, 125, 250 or 500 mg. of active ingredient with suitable physiologically acceptable carriers or excepients. The dosage units are in the form of liquid preparations such as solutions or suspensions and preferably are aqueous solutions of a sodium or potassium salt which are injected intravenously or intramuscularly or by continuous or intermittent infusion in concentrations of about 125-500 mgm./ml., and preferably, 250 mgm./ml. as is customary in therapy with cephalosporin antibiotics. 
     It was an unexpected finding that the leading compound of the present invention (BB-S510; see below) having a 2-methyl substituent on the triazolopyridazinone showed in vitro antibacterial potency considerably superior to that of the corresponding compound lacking such methyl group (BB-S515; see below). 
     STARTING MATERIALS 
     2-furoylcyanide 
     To a suspension of 26.1 g. (0.4 mole) of ground potassium cyanide in 300 ml. of acetonitrile at 5° C. was added 26.1 g. (0.2 mole) of α-furoyl chloride while keeping the temperature below 8° C. The mixture was stirred in the cold for 15 minutes then heated at reflux for 30 minutes. The reaction was cooled, filtered and the acetonitrile was removed at 15 mm. (steam-bath) leaving 24.5 g. of a dark oil which was used without further purification. An infrared spectrum showed a nitrile band at 2265 cm -1 . 
     2-Furaneglyoxylic Acid 
     The 24.5 g. of crude 2-furoylcyanide was mixed with 160 ml. concentrated hydrochloric acid at 25° C. with intermittent stirring. The reaction was stored for 24 hours at 25° C. and diluted with 80 ml. of water. The reaction was stirred for 5 minutes and filtered. The filtrate was saturated with sodium chloride and extracted with 5 × 120 ml. of 1:1 ether-ethyl acetate solution. The extracts were combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated at 30° C. (15 mm.) to give a brownish-orange solid. The solid was dissolved in methanol, treated with charcoal and evaporated under reduced pressure (15 mm.) to dryness to yield 17 g. of the acid. 
     The product was recrystallized from toluene to give 11.5 g. (m.p. 76° C.). The ir and nmr spectra were consistent for the structure. 
     2-Methoxyimino-2-furylacetic Acid 
     To a solution of 4.5 g. (0.032 mole) of 2-furaneglyoxylic acid in 40 ml. of 50% alcohol and 3.1 g. (0.037  mole) of methoxyamine hydrochloride in 6 ml. water at 20° C. was added dilute sodium hydroxide solution to pH 4-5. The solution was stirred at pH 4-5 at 25° C. for 24 hours. The alcohol was removed under reduced pressure (15 mm.) and the solution was adjusted to pH 7-8 with 50% sodium hydroxide solution. The reaction was extracted with 3 × 50 ml. of ether and the aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 1.9 using concentrated hydrochloric acid. The mixture was extracted with 5 × 50 ml. of ethyl acetate. The organic fractions were combined, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure (15 mm.) to an oil which was cooled for one hour in an ice bath. The product was slurried with Skellysolve B and collected to yield 3.1 g. of yellow crystals, m.p. 78° C. An analytical sample was recrystallized from toluene, dried for 16 hours in vacuo over P 2  O 5  at 25° C. The ir and nmr spectra were consistent for the structure. 
     Anal. Calc&#39;d for C 7  H 7  NO: C, 49.65; H, 4.17; N, 8.28. Found: C, 49,30; H, 4.21; N, 8.37. 
     2-ethoxyiminofurylacetic Acid 
     The 7.85 g. (0.056 mole) of furyl-2-glyoxylic acid was dissolved in 100 ml. of water and adjusted to pH 7 with 50% sodium hydroxide. The 6.83 g. (0.070 mole) of ethoxyamine hydrochloride in 10 ml. of water was added, while keeping the pH at 4-5. The reaction was diluted with 25 ml. of alcohol, stirred 3 hours at room temperature and then filtered. The alcohol was removed at 35° C. (15 mm.) and the aqueous portion was adjusted with dilute sodium hydroxide solution to pH 7-8 and then was washed with ether and the washes were discarded. The aqueous fraction was adjusted with 6N hydrochloric acid to pH 1.5 and extracted into 3 × 80 ml. of ethyl acetate. The acetate fractions were combined, washed with brine and reduced in volume at 35° C. (15 mm.) to an oil. The oil was cooled in an ice bath, triturated with Skellysolve B, collected and dried over P 2  O 5  in vacuo at 25° C. Yield: 4.8 g., m.p. 83°-85° C. The ir and nmr were consistent for the structure. 
     Anal. Calc&#39;d for C 8  H 9  NO 4  : C, 52.46; H, 4.95; N, 7.65. Found: C, 52.22; H, 4.94; N, 7.60. 
     Sodium α-Ethoxyimino-α-(2-furyl)acetate 
     To 50 ml. of methanol was added 250 mg. (0.0109 mole) of metallic sodium and stirred until all the sodium had dissolved. This sodium methoxide solution was treated with 2.0 g. (0.0109 mole) of α-ethoxyimino-α-(2-furyl)acetic acid dissolved in 10 ml. of methanol and stirred at room temperature for one hour. The methanol was removed at 40° C. (15 mm.) and the product was dried in vacuo over P 2  O 5  at 25° C. to yield 2.22 g. white solid, m.p. decomp. &gt;240° C. The ir and nmr were consistent for the structure. 
     &#34;Skellysolve B&#34; is a petroleum ether fraction of b.p. 60°-68° C. consisting essentially of n-hexane. ##STR14## 2-Furoylcyanide 1 
     To a suspension of 78.3 g. of powdered potassium cyanide in 900 ml. acetonitrile at 5° C. was added 59.25 ml. (68.5 g.) of α-furoyl chloride with vigorous stirring while keeping the temperature at 4°-8° C. The mixture was stirred at 4°-8° C. for 15 minutes and then heated at reflux for 30 minutes. The mixture was cooled to 23°-25° C., filtered, washed with 50 ml. of acetonitrile which was added to the filtrate, and the acetonitrile was removed at 60° C. (15 mm.) leaving 51 g. of 1 as a dark oil. An IR spectrum showed a nitrile band at 2265 cm -1  and an NMR spectrum showed a ratio of approximately 70/30 of product 1/furoic acid. The crude product 1 was used without further purification (49% yield of product). 
     Furyl-2-glyoxylic Acid 2 
     The 51 g. of crude 2-furoyl cyanide 1 was mixed with 500 ml. concentrated hydrochloric acid at 25° C. The reaction was stirred for 24 hours at 25° C. and then diluted with 240 ml. of water. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes and filtered. The black filtrate was saturated with sodium chloride and extracted with 6 × 500 ml. of 1:1 ether-ethyl acetate solution. (Note: Initially the extractions were difficult due to the inability to see the separation of two black phases. As additional ether-ethyl acetate extractions were run the task was simplified.) The extracts were combined and evaporated to dryness at 60° C. (15 mm.). The resultant solid was dissolved in 600 ml. ether, (Note: Use of alcohol should be avoided at this point as esters may form), treated with 10 g. of charcoal (&#34;Darko-KB&#34;), filtered after stirring for 0.5 hour and evaporated to dryness at 50° C. (15 mm.) to yield  46.6 g. of 2 as a light tan colored acid. This product 2 was found to contain a ratio of approximately 56/44 of product 2/furoic acid. This represented a 63% yield of product 2. 
     Purification was accomplished by dissolving the above crude product 2 in H 2  O (50 mg./ml.), titrating to pH 2.8 with HCl and extracting with 2 × 200 ml. of ethyl acetate. Evaporation of the ethyl acetate extracts gave 35% furoic acid and 15% product 2. The pH 2.8 aqueous phase was adjusted to pH 0.8 (HCl) and extracted with 2 × 200 ml. ethyl acetate. The organic extracts were combined and washed with 50 ml. H 2  O. The organic phase was evaporated at 50° C. (15 mm.) yielding a solid with a ratio of approximately 86/14 of product 2/furoic acid. This solid was then recrystallized by dissolving the product 2 in toluene at 50 mg./ml. at 80° C., decanting, and leaving to crystallize at room temperature for 18 hours, yielding 13.3 g. of pure acid 2 by NMR. This represented a 51% yield in the purification and recrystallization step and an overall yield from the 2-furoyl chloride to the pure furyl-2-glyoxylic acid 2 of 16%. 
     Syn-α-methoxyiminofurylacetic Acid 3 
     A solution of 4.5 g. of furyl-2-glyoxylic acid 2 in 40 ml. of 50% ethanol was titrated to pH 6 with 1N sodium hydroxide and then 3.1 g. of methoxyimine.HCl in 6 ml. of H 2  O at 20° C. was added. The solution was titrated to a constant pH 4.9 and stirred at pH 4.9 for 24 hours at 20°-23° C. The ethanol was then removed at 50° C. (15 mm.) and the residual aqueous solution was titrated to pH 8 with 50% sodium hydroxide and washed with 3 × 50 ml. ether (pH adjusted to 8 after each wash). The aqueous layer was titrated to pH 1.9 with concentrated HCl and extracted with 5 × 50 ml. ethyl acetate with the pH readjusted to 1.9 after each extraction. The ethyl acetate extracts were combined and evaporated to a solid 3 at 50° C. (15 mm.). This solid was then slurried with 75 ml. of &#34;Skellysolve B&#34;. The suspension was filtered and the solids were redissolved in 16 ml. of toluene at 80° C. The hot solution was decanted and left to crystallize at 20°-23° C. for 18 hours to yield 1.17 g. 3 (22% yield of product). The NMR was clean and consistent for the structure 3 with a trace of anti isomer present. 
     Sodium Syn-α-methoxyiminofurylacetate 4 
     To 40 ml. of methanol was added 0.16 g. of sodium. The mixture was stirred until all of the sodium dissolved and then decanted. The resulting sodium methoxide solution was cooled to 3° C. and 1.12 g. of syn-α-methoxyiminofurylacetic acid 3 in 7.8 ml. of methanol was added. The solution was stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated at 40° C. (15 mm.). The residue 4 was dried by azeotropic distillation with 3 × 20 ml. of benzene at 40° C. (15 mm.). The product 4 was dried for 18 hours at 23° C. under high vacuum (0.7 mm.) over P 2  O 5  yielding 1.25 g. (99% yield of product). The NMR showed this product 4 to be clean and consistent for the structure with 0.15 mole methanol and a trace of anti isomer. 
     To 0.63 g. of sodium syn-α-methoxyiminofurylacetate 4 suspended in 25 ml. of benzene was added four drops of dry dimethylformamide and 0.31 ml. (1.1 eq.) of oxalyl chloride. This mixture was stirred for 40 minutes at 20°-23° C. The benzene was removed at 35° C. (15 mm.) to provide the acid chloride 5 as the gummy residue. 
     Preparation of 7-Amino-3-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-on-6-ylthiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic Acid. ##STR15## 
     6-Chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-one (2) 
     To a solution of 6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-one [P. Francavilla and F. Lauria, J. Het. Chem. 8, 415 (1971)] (1, 8.5 g., 50 m.mol.) in dry DMF (12 ml.) was added NaH (50% dispersion in paraffin, 2.64 g., 55 m.mol) and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. After methyl iodide (21.3 g., 150 m.mole) was added, the mixture was stirred for 40 hours at room temperature, diluted with water (200 ml.) and extracted with CHCl 3  (4 × 100 ml.). The combined extracts were washed with water (3 × 50 ml.), treated with a small amount of carbon and dried with anhydrous Na 2  SO 4 . Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure afforded pale yellow residue which was crystallized from chloroform-n-hexane. Yield: 7.23 g. (79%). M.p. 180°-181° C. 
     ir: ν C=O   KBr  1720 cm -1 . 
     uv: λ max   EtOH  233 nm (ε 25200), 363 nm (ε 1600). 
     nmr: δ ppm   CDCl .sbsp.3 3.72 (3H, s, N-CH 3 ), 6.88 (1H, d, J=10 Hz, pyridazine-H), 7.48 (1H, d, J=10 Hz, pyridazine-H). 
     Anal. Calc&#39;d. for C 6  H 5  ClN 4  O: C, 39.04; H, 2.73; N, 30.35; Cl, 19.21. Found: C, 39.24, 39,28; H, 2.54, 2.61; N, 30.63, 30.80; Cl, 19.59, 19.26. 
     6-Mercapto-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-one (3) 
     A mixture of 2 (6.50 g., 35.7 m.mol.) and NaSH.2H 2  O (70% pure, 9.4 g.) in water (100 ml.) was heated under reflux for 15 minutes. The mixture was cooled and acidified to pH 1 with concentrated HCl to precipitate the thiol 3 which was collected by filtration and dissolved in aqueous saturated NaHCO 3  (100 ml.). The solution was treated with a small amount of carbon and acidified with dilute HCl to precipitate 3 as pale yellow prisms. Yield: 5.72 g. (89%). M.p. &gt;280° C. 
     ir: ν max   KBr  2450 (-SH), 1710 (C=O) cm -1 . 
     uv: λ max   1%NaHCO .sbsp.3 261 nm (ε 16300), 315 nm (ε 5800). 
     nmr: δ ppm   D .sbsp.2 O+KOH  3.60 (3H, s, N-CH 3 ), 7.08 (2H, s, pyridazine-H). 
     Anal. calc&#39;d. for C 6  H 6  N 4  OS: C, 39.55; H, 3.32; N, 30.75; S, 17.60. Found: C, 39.57, 39.66; H, 3.14, 3.22; N, 30.32, 30.61; S, 17.80, 17.89. 
     7-Amino-3-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-ON-6-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic Acid (4) 
     A mixture of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA, 5.44 g., 20 m.mol.), 3, (3.64 g., 20 m.mol.) and NaHCO 3  (3.36 g., 40 m.mol.) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7, 100 ml.) was heated with stirring at 80° C. for 30 minutes. The hot mixture was treated with a small amount of carbon and the filtrate was acidified to pH 4 with dilute HCl to precipitate 4 which was collected by filtration, washed with water (50 ml.) and dried. Yield: 5.73 g. (73%). M.p. 240°-245° C. (dec.). 
     ir: ν max   KBr  1800 (β-lactam C=O), 1725 (C=O), 1610 and 1410 (COO - ) cm -1 . 
     uv: λ max   1%NaHCO .sbsp.3 253 nm (ε20000), 305 (ε8400). 
     nmr: δ ppm   D .sbsp.2 O+NaHCO .sbsp.3 3.69 (3H, s, N-CH 3 ), 5.08 (1H, d, J=4.5 Hz, 6-H), 5.48 (1H, d, J=4.5Hz, 7-H), 7.00 (1H, d, J=10 Hz, pyridazine-H), 7.52 (1H, d, J=10 Hz, pyridazine-H). 
     Anal. Calc&#39;d. for C 14  H 14  N 6  O 4  S 2 .H 2  O: C, 40.76; H, 3.91; N, 20.38; S, 15.55. Found: C, 40.84, 40.63; H, 3.44, 3.31; N, 20.50, 20.36; S, 15.19, 15.57. 
     PREPARATION OF BB-S515 ##STR16## 
     BB-S515; 7-[(2Z)-2-Methoxyimino(fur-2-yl)acetamido]-3-(2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-on-6-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic Acid Sodium Salt. 
     To a solution of (2Z)-2-methoxyimino(fur-2-yl)-acetic acid (169 mg., 1 m.mole) and triethylamine (0.14 ml., 1 m.mole) in dichloromethane (2 ml.) was added oxalyl chloride (0.09 ml., 1 m.mole) at 0°-5° C. and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford an oily residue. A solution of that oily residue in dry acetone (5 ml.), after filtration, was added to a mixture of 7-amino-3-(2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-on-6-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (380 mg., 1 m.mole) (U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,786) and sodium bicarbonate (336 mg., 4 m.mol.) in water (10 ml.) at 0°-5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°-5° C. for 2 hours. Most of the acetone was evaporated at reduced pressure, the aqueous concentrate being washed with ether (2 × 30 ml.) and adjusted to pH 1-2 with concentrated HCl. The resulting precipitate (338 mg.) was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo. A suspension of the free acid (303 mg.) in water (10 ml.) was adjusted to pH 6.5 with aqueous NaOH (1 N, 0.6 ml.) and filtered to make a clear solution which was lyophilized to give 7-[(2Z)-2-methoxyimino(fur-2-yl)acetamido]-3-(2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-on-6-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid sodium salt as a light brown powder (222 mg., 46%). M.p. &gt;230° C. (dec.). 
     ir: ν max   KBr  3410, 1760, 1720, 1600 cm -1 . 
     uv: λ max   pH7Buffer  256 nm (ε 20600), 274 (ε 18800). 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     EXAMPLE 1 ##STR17## 
     BB-S510; 7-[(2Z)-2-METHOXYIMINO(FUR-2-YL)ACETAMIDO]-3-(2-METHYL-2,3-DIHYDRO-S-TRIAZOLO[4,3-b]PYRIDAZIN-3-ON-6-YLTHIOMETHYL)-3-CEPHEM-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID.SODIUM SALT. 
     To a solution of (2Z)-2-methoxyimino(fur-2-yl)-acetic acid (253 mg., 1.5 m.mol.) and triethylamine (0.2 ml., 1.5 m.mol.) in dichloromethane (3 ml.) was added oxalyl chloride (0.13 ml., 1.5 m.mol.) at 0°-5° C. and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and evaporated at reduced pressure to give the acid chloride as an oil which was dissolved in dry acetone (5 ml.) and filtered to remove insolubles. The acetone solution was added to a mixture of 7-amino-3-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo-[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-on-6-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (591 mg., 1.5 m.mol.) and NaHCO 3  (504 mg., 6 m.mol.) in water (10 ml.) at 0°-5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°-5° C. for 3 hours. Acetone was removed at reduced pressure and the residual aqueous solution was washed with ether (2 × 30 ml.) and adjusted to pH 1-2 with concentrated HCl. The precipitate which was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in vacuo, was dissolved in THF (30 ml.) and filtered to remove insolubles. To the THF solution was added a solution of sodium 2-ethylhexanoate (SEH, 1 M, 1.5 ml.) in ethyl acetate and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo. Yield: 492 mg. of 7-[(2Z)-2-methoxyimino(fur-2-yl)acetamido]-3-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-on-6-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid sodium salt (58%). M.p. &gt;180° C. (dec.). 
     ir: ν max   KBr  1770, 1720, 1670, 1600, 1550 cm -1 . 
     uv: λ max   pH7Buffer  257 nm (ε 22600), 277 nm (ε 22300). 
     nmr: δ ppm   D .sbsp.2 O  7.53 (1H, d, J=1.5 Hz, furan-Hα), 7.35 (1H, d, J=9.5 Hz, pyridazine-H), 6.90 (1H, d, J=9.5 Hz, pyridazine-H), 6.72 (1H, d, J=3.0 Hz, furan-Hβ), 6.48 (1H, q, J=1.5 and 3.0 Hz, furan-Hβ), 5.72 (1H, d, J=4.5 Hz, 7-H), 5.14 (1H, d, J=4.5 Hz, 6-H), 2.94 (3H, s, O-CH 3 ), 3.61 (3H, s, N-CH 3 ). 
     Anal. Calc&#39;d. for C 21  H 18  N 7  O 7  S 2  Na.1/2THF.H 2  O: C, 44.44; H, 3.89; S, 10.32. Found: C, 44.89; H, 3.92; S, 9.67. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________In vitro Activity Using Mueller-Hinton AgarBy the Serial Dilution Method       Geometric Mean of MIC       (Mcg./ml.)       BB-S510       (Ex. 1) BB-S515   Cefuroxime______________________________________S. aureus (3 strains)         0.62      2.48      1.24E. coli (7)   2.11      2.33      1.28Kl. pneumoniae (4)         6.3       3.1       3.1Proteus (6)   1.39      1.11      0.88Shig.(3), Serr.(1)Enterab.(1), Sal.(2)         6.26      5.26      4.06B. -B. (1)S. pyogenes (5)          0.0125    0.032     0.025S. viridans (5)         0.13      0.59      0.1D. pneumoniae (5)          0.021    0.1        0.0125N. meningitidis (5)         1.03      5.45      1.6N. gonorrhoeae (5)         0.26      2.07      0.4H. influenzae (7)         0.35      2.11      1.16______________________________________ Cefuroxime is sodium 6R,7R-3-carbamoyloxymethyl-7-(2Z)-2-methoxyimino(fur-2-yl)acetamidoceph-3em-4-carboxylate. 
    
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________ Geometric Means of MIC&#39;s Against 3 Strainsof S. aureus and 27 Strains of Gram-negative Bacteria(mcg./ml., Mueller-Hinton Agar)        No. of        Strains              BB-S510    BL-S786______________________________________s. aureus      1       0.1        1.6S. aureus, Penicillin-R          2       0.1        1.6E. coli        6       0.1        0.2E. coli, Cephalosporin-R          1       3.1        12.5K. pneumoniae  4       2.6        0.3Indole (-) Proteus          2       1.1        0,.2Indole (+) Proteus          3       0.2        0.3Indole (+) Proteus,Cephalosporin-R          2       6.3        50.1S. marcescens  1       6.3        &gt;100E. cloacae     1       3.1        1.6Shigella, Salmonella          5       0.5        0.5P. aeruginosa  2       &gt;100       &gt;100______________________________________ BL-S786 is 7-[α-(2-aminomethylphenyl)acetamido]-3-[(1-carboxymethyltetrazol-5-lthio)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. 
    
     
                       TABLE 3______________________________________ Geometric Means of MIC&#39;s Against 18 Strainsof S. marcescensBB-S510          BL-S786______________________________________7.9              85.9______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Substitution of an equimolar weight of 2-ethoxyimino-2-(fur-2-yl)acetic acid for the 2-methoxyiminofuryl acetic acid used in the procedure of Example 1 produces 7-(2-ethoxyimino-2-furylacetamido)-3-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-on-6-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Substitution of an equimolar weight of 2-n-propoxyimino-2-(fur-2-yl)acetic acid for the 2-methoxyiminofuryl acetic acid used in the procedure of Example 1 produces 7-(2-n-propoxyimino-2-furylacetamido)-3-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-on-6-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     Substitution of an equimolar weight of 2-n-butoxyimino-2-(fur-2-yl)acetic acid for the 2-methoxyiminofuryl acetic acid used in the procedure of Example 1 produces 7-(2-n-butoxyimino-2-furylacetamido)-3-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-on-6-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     The products of Examples 1-4 are prepared as syn isomers essentially free of the corresponding anti isomers by the use in the procedures of those examples of purified syn isomers of the appropriate 2-alkoxyimino-2-(fur-2-yl)acetic acid. Conversion of part of the syn isomer to anti isomer during preparation of the acid chloride for the acid is substantially avoided by minimizing its exposure to hydrogen chloride, e.g. by first converting the acid to its anhydrous sodium salt and by treating that salt with oxalyl chloride under anhydrous conditions in the presence of a hydrogen ion acceptor such as dimethylformamide. 
     Such syn isomers are also named as (2Z)-2-alkoxyimino-2-(fur-2-yl)acetic acids. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     An injectable pharmaceutical composition is formed by adding sterile water or sterile saline solution (2 ml.) to 100-500 mgm. of 7-[(2Z)-2-methoxyimino(fur-2-yl)acetamido]-3-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-on-6-ylthiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid disodium salt. 
     Pharmaceutical compositions of the sodium and potassium salts of the other compounds of the present invention, preferably in the form of the pure syn isomer, are formulated in a similar manner. 
     When the compounds are first prepared in the form of the free acid they are converted to the desired, highly water soluble potassium salt by treatment with potassium 2-ethylhexanoate using the procedure of Example 1. 
     It is occassionally advantageous to have admixed with said solid cephalosporin as a stabilizing and/or solubilizing agent a sterile, anhydrous solid such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or lithium carbonate (e.g. in about 5 or 6 percent by weight of the weight of the cephalosporin) or such as L-lysine, arginine or histidine (e.g. in about 20-50% by weight of the weight of the cephalosporin) or such as a sodium, potassium or calcium salt of levulinic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid or pyruvic acid (e.g. in about 25-200% by weight of the weight of the cephalosporin) or such as sodium bicarbonate, ammonium carbamate, alkali metal or ammonium phosphates or N-methylglucamine (per U.K. Pat. No. 1,380,741). 
     There is also provided by the present invention a compound having the formula ##STR18## wherein R 7  is alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms and M is ##STR19## n is 0 to 4; R is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, C 1  -C 4  phenalkyl, pyridyl, thienyl, or pyrrolyl; 
     R 1  is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R 2  and R 3  are each hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, pyridyl, or thienyl; R 4  and R 5  are each hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R 6  is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl, phenalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, pyridyl, thiadiazolyl, amino or C 1  -C 4  alkylamino; X is NH or oxygen; and each phenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxy, amino, NHR 1 , N(R 1 ) 2 , nitro, fluoro, chloro, bromo or carboxy, or a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said compound being at least 75% by weight in the form of its syn isomer and preferably in the form of its syn isomer essentially free of the corresponding anti isomer. 
     There is also provided by the present invention a compound having the formula ##STR20## wherein R 1  is alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms and R 3  is selected from the group consisting of ##STR21## wherein R 5  is a hydrogen atom, a methyl or an ethyl group; X 2  is --O--, --NH--; R 6  is a basic group such as alkyl or aralkyl substituted with substituted or unsubstituted NH 2 , such as alkyl-NHCH 3 , aralkyl-NHCH 3 , ##STR22## R 7  is an alkyl group such as a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl or 2-ethyl-hexyl group; a cycloalkyl group such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl; an aryl group such as phenyl or naphthyl; an aralkyl group such as benzyl or naphthylmethyl; a heterocyclic group and wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl and heterocyclic groups may be substituted with one or more groups selected from the class consisting of amino groups, substituted amino groups such as methylamino, diethylamino or acetamido groups, the halogen groups such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, nitro groups, alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy, isopropyloxy, butoxy or isobutoxy; or a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said compound being at least 75% by weight in the form of its syn isomer and preferably in the form of its syn isomer essentially free of the corresponding anti isomer. 
     There is also provided by the present invention a compound having the formula ##STR23## wherein R 1  is alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms and M is ##STR24## wherein Y is alkyl of one to six carbon atoms, phenyl, benzyl, alkoxy of one to six carbon atoms, or benzyloxy; Z is alkyl of one to six carbon atoms, phenylbenzyl, alkoxy of one to six carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl, or Y+Z taken together are a 3-benzoxazolidine ring; or a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said compound being at least 75% by weight in the form of its syn isomer and preferably in the form of its syn isomer essentially free or the corresponding anti isomer. 
     Also included within the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a mixture of an antibacterially effective amount of a compound of the present invention and a semisynthetic penicillin or another cephalosporin or a cephamycin or a β-lactamase inhibitor or an aminoglycoside antibiotic. 
     There is further provided by the present invention a pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibacterially effective amount of a compound having the formula ##STR25## wherein R 1  is alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms and R 2  is hydrogen, pivaloyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, acetonyl, phenacyl, p-nitrobenzyl, β,β,β-trichloroethyl, 3-phthalidyl or 5-indanyl and preferably is hydrogen or a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said compound being at least 75% by weight in the form of its syn isomer and preferably in the form of its syn isomer essentially free of the corresponding anti isomer, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor. 
     There is further provided by the present invention a pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibacterially effective amount of the syn isomer of a compound having the formula ##STR26## or a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor. 
     There is further provided by the present invention a method of treating bacterial infections comprising administering by injection to an infected warm-blooded animal, including man, an effective but nontoxic dose of 250-1000 mgm. of a compound having the formula ##STR27## wherein R 1  is alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms and R 2  is hydrogen, pivaloyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, acetonyl, phenacyl, p-nitrobenzyl, β,β,β-trichloroethyl, 3-phthalidyl or 5-indanyl or a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said compound being at least 75% by weight in the form of its syn isomer and preferably in the form of its syn isomer essentially free of the corresponding anti isomer. 
     There is further provided by the present invention a method of treating bacterial infections comprising administering by injection to an infected warm-blooded animal, including man, an effective but nontoxic dose of 250-1000 mgm. of the syn isomer of a compound having the formula ##STR28## or a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 
     There is also provided by the present invention a method for combatting Haemophilus infections which comprises administering to a warm-blooded mammal infected with an Haemophilus infection an amount effective for treating said Haemophilus infection of a composition comprising a compound having the formula ##STR29## wherein R 1  is alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms and R 2  is hydrogen, pivaloyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, acetonyl, phenacyl, p-nitrobenzyl, β,β,β-trichloroethyl, 3-phthalidyl or 5-indanyl and preferably is hydrogen or a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said compound being at least 75% by weight in the form of its syn isomer and preferably in the form of its syn isomer essentially free of the corresponding anti isomer, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor. 
     There is also provided by the present invention a method for combatting Neisseria infections which comprises administering to a warm-blooded mammal infected with a Neisseria infection an amount effective for treating said Neisseria infection of a composition comprising a compound having the formula ##STR30## wherein R 1  is alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms and R 2  is hydrogen, pivaloyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, acetonyl, phenacyl, p-nitrobenzyl, β,β,β-trichloroethyl, 3-phthalidyl or 5-indanyl and preferably is hydrogen or a nontoxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, said compound being at least 75% by weight in the form of its syn isomer and preferably in the form of its syn isomer essentially free of the corresponding anti isomer, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor.